bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elective replacement of the ascending aorta: is the 5.5-cm threshold appropriate? The insidious, small aorta
Authors: Papakonstantinou Nikolaos A , Rorris Filippos-Paschalis 
Published: September 2020

Summary

OBJECTIVES
As thoracic aortic aneurysm disease continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the general population, the cardiovascular community continues the search for the golden threshold of elective surgical replacement of the ascending aorta.

METHODS
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common disease, classified within the 20 most common causes of death in patients over 65 years old. Once aortic complications like dissection or rupture occur, they can prove fatal. Prophylactic surgical replacement of the ascending aorta remains the mainstay of treatment to prevent these complications. Current American and European guidelines agree that the threshold for the diameter for elective replacement of the ascending aorta in non-syndromic, asymptomatic aneurysmal disease is 5.5 cm. Overall, aortic dissection is related to poor prognosis, thus making early intervention paramount.

RESULTS
There is a critical size above which the risk of dissection or rupture becomes extremely high. However, a significant post-dissection increase in diameter is reported, thus rendering the predissection aortic diameter well below the current threshold for elective surgical replacement of the ascending aorta. Moreover, it is widely reported that the majority of acute aortic dissections would not meet the criteria for prophylactic surgery prior to dissection. Additionally, elective surgical ascending aortic replacement in the current era shows a significantly improved risk-benefit ratio, which justifies a more aggressive approach in the management of aortic aneurysmal disease.

CONCLUSIONS
As a result, there is a lot of discussion in the literature about the requirement of a leftward shifting of the surgical threshold for elective aortic replacement.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sports activity: from molecular pathways in diseased hearts to new insights into the athletic heart mimicry
Authors: Gasperetti Alessio , James Cynthia A , Cerrone Marina , Delmar Mario , Calkins Hugh , Duru Firat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disease associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Among other factors, physical exercise has been clearly identified as a strong determinant of phenotypic expression of the disease, arrhythmia risk, and disease progression. Because of this, current guidelines advise that individuals with ARVC should not participate in competitive or frequent high-intensity endurance exercise. Exercise-induced electrical and morphological para-physiological remodelling (the so-called ‘athlete’s heart’) may mimic several of the classic features of ARVC. Therefore, the current International Task Force Criteria for disease diagnosis may not perform as well in athletes. Clear adjudication between the two conditions is often a real challenge, with false positives, that may lead to unnecessary treatments, and false negatives, which may leave patients unprotected, both of which are equally inacceptable. This review aims to summarize the molecular interactions caused by physical activity in inducing cardiac structural alterations, and the impact of sports on arrhythmia occurrence and other clinical consequences in patients with ARVC, and help the physicians in setting the two conditions apart.
Free-stream coherent structures in the unsteady Rayleigh boundary layer
Authors: Johnstone Eleanor C , Hall Philip 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Results are presented for nonlinear equilibrium solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations in the boundary layer set up by a flat plate started impulsively from rest. The solutions take the form of a wave–roll–streak interaction, which takes place in a layer located at the edge of the boundary layer. This extends previous results for similar nonlinear equilibrium solutions in steady 2D boundary layers. The results are derived asymptotically and then compared to numerical results obtained by marching the reduced boundary-region disturbance equations forward in time. It is concluded that the previously found canonical free-stream coherent structures in steady boundary layers can be embedded in unbounded, unsteady shear flows.
Automorphisms of Contact Graphs of CAT(0) Cube Complexes
Authors: Fioravanti Elia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe show that, under weak assumptions, the automorphism group of a $\textrm{CAT(0)}$ cube complex $X$ coincides with the automorphism group of Hagen’s contact graph $\mathcal{C}(X)$. The result holds, in particular, for universal covers of Salvetti complexes, where it provides an analogue of Ivanov’s theorem on curve graphs of non-sporadic surfaces. This highlights a contrast between contact graphs and Kim–Koberda extension graphs, which have much larger automorphism group. We also study contact graphs associated with Davis complexes of right-angled Coxeter groups. We show that these contact graphs are less well behaved and describe exactly when they have more automorphisms than the universal cover of the Davis complex.
Uniform Property Γ
Authors: Castillejos Jorge , Evington Samuel , Tikuisis Aaron , White Stuart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe further examine the concept of uniform property $\Gamma $ for $C^*$-algebras introduced in our joint work with Winter. In addition to obtaining characterisations in the spirit of Dixmier’s work on central sequences in II$_1$ factors, we establish the equivalence of uniform property $\Gamma $, a suitable uniform version of McDuff’s property for $C^*$-algebras, and the existence of complemented partitions of unity for separable nuclear $C^*$-algebras with no finite dimensional representations and a compact (non-empty) tracial state space. As a consequence, for $C^*$-algebras as in the Toms–Winter conjecture, the combination of strict comparison and uniform property $\Gamma $ is equivalent to Jiang–Su stability. We also show how these ideas can be combined with those of Matui–Sato to streamline Winter’s classification by embeddings technique.
Deciding without data: clinical decision-making in pediatric orthopedic surgery
Authors: Nathan Karthik , Uzosike Maechi , Sanchez Uriel , Karius Alexander , Leyden Jacinta , Segovia Nicole , Eppler Sara , Hastings Katherine G , Kamal Robin , Frick Steven 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Identifying when and how often decisions are made based on high-quality evidence can inform the development of evidence-based treatment plans and care pathways, which have been shown to improve quality of care and patient safety. Evidence to guide decision-making, national guidelines and clinical pathways for many conditions in pediatric orthopedic surgery are limited. This study investigated decision-making rationale and quantified the evidence supporting decisions made by pediatric orthopedic surgeons in an outpatient clinic.

Design/Setting/Participants/Intervention(s)/Main Outcome Measure(s)
We recorded decisions made by eight pediatric orthopedic surgeons in an outpatient clinic and the surgeon’s reported rationale behind the decisions. Surgeons categorized the rationale for each decision as one or a combination of 12 possibilities (e.g. ‘Experience/anecdote,’ ‘First principles,’ ‘Trained to do it,’ ‘Arbitrary/instinct,’ ‘General study,’ ‘Specific study’).

Results
Out of 1150 total decisions, the most frequent decisions were follow-up scheduling, followed by bracing prescription/removal. The most common decision rationales were ‘First principles’ (n = 310, 27.0%) and ‘Experience/anecdote’ (n = 253, 22.0%). Only 17.8% of decisions were attributed to scientific studies, with 7.3% based on studies specific to the decision. As high as 34.6% of surgical intervention decisions were based on scientific studies, while only 10.4% of follow-up scheduling decisions were made with studies in mind. Decision category was significantly associated with a basis in scientific studies: surgical intervention and medication prescription decisions were more likely to be based on scientific studies than all other decisions.

Conclusions
With increasing emphasis on high value, evidence-based care, understanding the rationale behind physician decision-making can educate physicians, identify common decisions without supporting evidence and help create clinical care pathways in pediatric orthopedic surgery. Decisions based on evidence or consensus between surgeons can inform pathways and national guidelines that minimize unwarranted variation in care and waste. Decision support tools and aids could also be implemented to guide these decisions.
In vitroassessment of CSA-131 and CSA-131 poloxamer form for the treatment ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliainfections in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Oyardi Özlem , Savage Paul B , Erturan Zayre , Bozkurt-Guzel Cagla 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium resistant to several antibiotics and its prevalence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is increasing.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of ceragenins, non-peptide mimics of antimicrobial peptides, against both planktonic and biofilm forms of S. maltophilia and the cytotoxicity of ceragenins to the IB3-1 CF cell line.MethodsCeragenin CSA-131, with and without 5% Pluronic® F127 (a non-ionic amphiphilic poloxamer), and ceragenin CSA-13 were evaluated against S. maltophilia clinical isolates (n = 40). MICs and MBCs of ceragenins and conventional antibiotics were determined. Time–kill curve experiments were performed with 1×, 2× and 4× MICs of ceragenins. The highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of ceragenins against IB3-1, a CF cell line, were determined by MTT assay. The effects of ceragenins against biofilm adhesion, formation and mature biofilms were investigated.ResultsCSA-131 with Pluronic® F127 displayed the lowest MICs (MIC50/MIC90: 1/2 mg/L) followed by CSA-131 (MIC50/MIC90: 2/4 mg/L), while those of CSA-13 were much higher (MIC50/MIC90: 16/32 mg/L). According to time–kill curve results, all concentrations at 4× MICs of ceragenins showed bactericidal activity (3 log reduction) after 4 h. While CSA-131 and CSA-131-poloxamer inhibited biofilm adhesion and formation by 87.74% and 83.42%, respectively, after 24 h, CSA-131 was more effective on mature biofilms. Formulating CSA-131 in poloxamer micelles did not affect the cytotoxicity of CSA-131 to IB3-1 cells.ConclusionsCSA-131 could be a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections in CF, due to its low cytotoxicity on the CF cell line and good antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects.
Online Turbulent Flow Extraction and Column Switching for the Confirmatory Analysis of Stimulants in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: De Wilde Laurie , Roels Kris , Van Eenoo Peter , Deventer Koen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStimulants are often used to treat attention deficit disorders and nasal congestion. As they can be misused and overdosed, the detection of stimulants is relevant in the toxicological field as well as in the doping control field. The effects of stimulants can indeed be beneficial for athletes. Therefore, their in-competition use is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). As stimulants represent one of the most detected categories of prohibited substances, automation of methods to detect and confirm their presence is desirable. Previous work has shown the advantages of using turbulent flow online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE LC–MS-MS) for the detection and confirmation of diuretics and masking agents. Hence, a turbulent flow online SPE LC–MS-MS method, compliant with the WADA’s identification criteria, was developed and validated for the detection and confirmation of 80 stimulants or metabolites with limits of identification varying between 10 (or possibly lower) and 100 ng/mL. As several metabolites are common metabolites for multiple administered stimulants, this means that with this method, misuse of well over 100 compounds can be detected. As the developed method uses the same columns and mobile phases as our turbulent flow online SPE LC–MS-MS method for the confirmation of diuretics and masking agents, there is no need to change the configuration of the instrument when switching between the diuretics method and the developed stimulants method.
The Bitome: digitized genomic features reveal fundamental genome organization
Authors: Lamoureux Cameron R , Choudhary Kumari Sonal , King Zachary A , Sandberg Troy E , Gao Ye , Sastry Anand V , Phaneuf Patrick V , Choe Donghui , Cho Byung-Kwan , Palsson Bernhard O 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA genome contains the information underlying an organism's form and function. Yet, we lack formal framework to represent and study this information. Here, we introduce the Bitome, a matrix composed of binary digits (bits) representing the genomic positions of genomic features. We form a Bitome for the genome of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. We find that: (i) genomic features are encoded unevenly, both spatially and categorically; (ii) coding and intergenic features are recapitulated at high resolution; (iii) adaptive mutations are skewed towards genomic positions with fewer features; and (iv) the Bitome enhances prediction of adaptively mutated and essential genes. The Bitome is a formal representation of a genome and may be used to study its fundamental organizational properties.
DNAmoreDB, a database of DNAzymes
Authors: Ponce-Salvatierra Almudena , Boccaletto Pietro , Bujnicki Janusz M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Deoxyribozymes, DNA enzymes or simply DNAzymes are single-stranded oligo-deoxyribonucleotide molecules that, like proteins and ribozymes, possess the ability to perform catalysis. Although DNAzymes have not yet been found in living organisms, they have been isolated in the laboratory through in vitro selection. The selected DNAzyme sequences have the ability to catalyze a broad range of chemical reactions, utilizing DNA, RNA, peptides or small organic compounds as substrates. DNAmoreDB is a comprehensive database resource for DNAzymes that collects and organizes the following types of information: sequences, conditions of the selection procedure, catalyzed reactions, kinetic parameters, substrates, cofactors, structural information whenever available, and literature references. Currently, DNAmoreDB contains information about DNAzymes that catalyze 20 different reactions. We included a submission form for new data, a REST-based API system that allows users to retrieve the database contents in a machine-readable format, and keyword and BLASTN search features. The database is publicly available at https://www.genesilico.pl/DNAmoreDB/.
mMGE: a database for human metagenomic extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements
Authors: Lai Senying , Jia Longhao , Subramanian Balakrishnan , Pan Shaojun , Zhang Jinglong , Dong Yanqi , Chen Wei-Hua , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements (eMGEs), including phages and plasmids, that can move across different microbes, play important roles in genome evolution and shaping the structure of microbial communities. However, we still know very little about eMGEs, especially their abundances, distributions and putative functions in microbiomes. Thus, a comprehensive description of eMGEs is of great utility. Here we present mMGE, a comprehensive catalog of 517 251 non-redundant eMGEs, including 92 492 plasmids and 424 759 phages, derived from diverse body sites of 66 425 human metagenomic samples. About half the eMGEs could be further grouped into 70 074 clusters using relaxed criteria (referred as to eMGE clusters below). We provide extensive annotations of the identified eMGEs including sequence characteristics, taxonomy affiliation, gene contents and their prokaryotic hosts. We also calculate the prevalence, both within and across samples for each eMGE and eMGE cluster, enabling users to see putative associations of eMGEs with human phenotypes or their distribution preferences. All eMGE records can be browsed or queried in multiple ways, such as eMGE clusters, metagenomic samples and associated hosts. The mMGE is equipped with a user-friendly interface and a BLAST server, facilitating easy access/queries to all its contents easily. mMGE is freely available for academic use at: https://mgedb.comp-sysbio.org.
African American Sculpture and Sculptors
Authors: Campbell Andy 
Published: September 2020

Beyond monographic texts dedicated to single artists, it is rare to find book-length studies that solely focus African American sculpture—or, sculpture made by African Americans. The reasons for this are many and complex. Although sculpture was a mainstay of 19th-century arts education in Europe and the Americas, in the latter half of the 20th century sculpture was newly questioned as a stable category of production. Between the 18th century and today media-specific practices have been broadly replaced with multimedia ones. This begs the question: what constitutes sculpture in any history or reference text that purports to span a number of centuries? An artist like Renée Green (b. 1959), for example, creates sculpture—discrete, three-dimensional objects—but also multi-part environmental installations, sound works, videos, architecture, and websites, as well as photography and prints. In light of these historical shifts, this bibliography takes a broad view of sculpture, and includes the work of self-described sculptors, such as the 19th-century sculptor Edmonia Lewis, as well as those with pluralistic practices like Green. Similarly, the category of “African American” has come under scrutiny, as the various signifiers of such an identity (for example, phenotype and/or ancestry) shift with broader social, economic, aesthetic, and political systems. Terminology has also changed a great deal since the 18th century—with popular linguistic designations moving from “negro,” to “colored,” to “black,” to “Afro-American,” to “African American,” and back to “black” again. Each contains historical political import, tied to both in-group empowerment and extrinsic, sometimes derogatory, uses. The visual arts are uniquely positioned to approach, understand, question, and challenge these changing social and semiotic conditions, and the anxieties and pleasures of black identification are often registered in nuanced and multifaceted ways within the realm of the visual. It would be a mistake to assume that the term “African American” encompassed the full political force of all artists included here, many of whom experience(d) the reality of intersectional identities and oppressions attached to gender, race, ability, class, and sexuality. For a more complete accounting of the visual arts beyond sculpture, see the separate Oxford Bibliographies in African American Studies article Visual Arts.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar
Authors: Gökçay Gökser 
Published: September 2020

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar (b. 1901–d. 1962) was a Turkish novelist, poet, critic, and historian of literature. He is considered to be one of the leading figures in modernist Turkish literature, writing five novels; sixteen stories; and many essays, letters, and diaries that constitute a rich resource for understanding the last century of the Ottoman Empire and the Early Republican Era. He belonged to the first generation of teachers educated in the Republican period. Although he served as a deputy of the Republican People’s Party in the Grand National Assembly between 1943 and 1946, he mainly focused on his literary studies and worked as a professor of Turkish literature in Istanbul University until he died in 1962. His two novels Huzur and Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü are considered among the best novels written in Turkish. He was heavily influenced by Turkish poet and novelist Yahya Kemal Beyatlı as well as French poet Paul Valéry. He considered himself an outsider who rejected binary identifications of modernist versus traditionalist in Turkey’s intellectual life. As a result, he bemoaned the fact that he was ignored by his contemporaries. He only began to be embraced by the Turkish intelligentsia a decade after his death in the 1970s when Turkey was increasingly struggling with the dilemmas of modernization and the inevitable domestic conflicts that derived from it. While his critique of modernity was considered as a criticism toward the modernization endeavor of the Republican period, he was a proponent of many aspects of the revolution except for the language reform. His reconciliation of the supposedly contrasting themes like the Ottoman past versus modern Turkey, with the help of allegorical narratives, highlighted the duality of the Turkish modernization and made him a pioneer in the Turkish literature. His influence can be seen in many prominent Turkish authors including Oğuz Atay and Orhan Pamuk.
Archaeology and Material Culture of Ammon and the Ammonites
Authors: Tyson Craig W. 
Published: September 2020

The Ammonites (literally, “sons of Ammon”) were a tribal group with a core territory in and around the modern city of Amman, Jordan. This core area could also be referred to as Ammon; the name of the modern city is also derived from this designation. Though they are known best for their role as kin and enemy to Israel in the Bible, archaeological work has revealed much about the indigenous cultural traditions of the region. The earliest possible evidence naming the Ammonites is from the 9th century bce, but there is little doubt that they inhabited the region before that, though how much before that is difficult to say. Regardless of their date of origin, it is helpful to chart their appearance on the stage of history in the Iron Age II by including some chronological depth. Beginning with the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550–1150 bce), the region around Amman was sparsely settled with a few fortified towns and evidence for participation in international trade. New Kingdom Egypt appears to have had at least one garrison on the Plateau, probably to help control trade. The Iron Age I–IIA (c. 1150–850 bce) saw a drop in international trade associated with the disruption of the international order at the end of the Late Bronze Age. At the same time, there was an uptick in the number of sites showing occupation. In addition to bringing the first contemporary textual references to the Ammonites, the Iron Age IIB–IIC (c. 850–500 bce) was an era of increased sociopolitical complexity and economic intensification stimulated by the pressures and opportunities presented by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. These changes are visible in the development of an indigenous tradition of writing, an unparalleled sculptural tradition, an increase in the number and variety of imports, and a significant increase in the number of small agriculturally oriented sites across the landscape. The independent polity of Ammon was turned into a province sometime in the 6th century—probably under Babylonian hegemony. The archaeological remains indicate a continuation of agricultural production and participation in long-distance trade networks, and an eventual replacement of the local system of writing with the Aramaic used by the Persians. Note on transliterations: A variety of systems exist for transliterating ancient and modern place names in Semitic languages. A simplified version of the most common transliterations is used here.