bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vilaprisan, a New Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator in Uterine Fibroid Pharmacotherapy-Will it Really be a Breakthrough?
Authors: Ciebiera Michal , Vitale Salvatore G. , Ferrero Simone , Vilos George A. , Barra Fabio , Caruso Salvatore , Laganà Antonio S. , Sierant Antoni , Cianci Antonio , Jakiel Grzegorz 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Vilaprisan (VPR) is a new orally available selective progesterone receptor modulator
(SPRM), with anti-proliferative activity against uterine fibroids (UFs). It definitively causes suppression of ovulation
and inhibition of proliferation of endometrial, myometrial and UF cells.

Purpose:
This review aims to summarize current knowledge on VPR from all studies, including clinical trials,
conducted to date and to contextualize the potential role of VPR in future medical regimens for the treatment of
UFs.

Methods:
We performed a literature search in PubMed US National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar
databases. Both databases were extensively searched for all original and review articles/book chapters as well as
congress abstracts published in English until July 2019. The use of VPR for UF therapy was identified by using
the keywords: “uterine fibroids” and “vilaprisan”.

Results:
In phase I and II clinical trials, VPR was shown to be effective in ameliorating UF-related clinical symptoms,
especially abnormal or excessive uterine bleeding and in shrinking UFs. The tolerability of VPR is roughly
similar to that of ulipristal acetate (UPA) and it tends to be more favorable than that of GnRH-agonists.

Conclusion:
Presently, all trials examining the utility of VPR for the treatment of UF are halted; likely, due to the
recently reported cases of hepato-toxicity with UPA, in addition to non reassuring toxicology results from preclinical
long-term testing on rodents, carried out in parallel with late stage testing on humans. An accurate summary
of robust data related to the safety of VPR is urgently needed to draw definitive conclusions on the future
clinical development of this drug for UF therapy.
Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, Infrared, Raman and UV-Visible Spectra of Novel Schiff Bases compiled with DFT Calculations
Authors: Ahmed Samy M. , Shaaban Ibrahim A. , El-Mossalamy Elsayed H. , Mohamed Tarek A. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:Two novel Schiff bases named, 2-((2-Hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene-3-carbonitrile (BESB1) and 2-((Furan-2-ylmethylene)amino)-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (BESB2) were synthesized.Methods:The structures were characterized based on CHN elemental analysis, mid-infrared (400– 4000 cm-1), Raman (100-4000 cm-1), 1H NMR, mass and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements. In addition, quantum mechanical calculations using DFT-B3LYP method at 6-31G(d) basis set were carried out for both Schiff bases. Initially, we have carried out complete geometry optimizations followed by frequency calculations for the proposed conformational isomers; BESB1 (A–E) and BESB2 (F–J) based on the orientations of both CN and OH groups against the azomethine lonepair (NLP) in addition to the 3D assumption.Results:The computational outcomes favor conformer A for BESB1 in which the C≡N and OH moieties are cis towards the NLP while conformer G is preferred for BESB2 (the C≡N/furan-O are cis/trans towards the NLP) which was found consistent with the results of relaxed potential energy surface scan. Aided by normal coordinate analysis of the Cartesian coordinate displacements, we have suggested reliable vibrational assignments for all observed IR and Raman bands. Moreover, the electronic absorption spectra for the favored conformers were predicted in DMSO solution using TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations. Similarly, the 1H NMR chemical shifts were also estimated using GIAO approach implementing PCM including solvent effects (DMSO-d6).Conclusion:Proper interpretations of the observed electronic transition, chemical shifts, IR and Raman bands were presented in this study.
Cardiovascular Consequences of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Atzeni Fabiola , Nucera Valeria , Gerratana Elisabetta , Fiorenza Alessia , Gianturco Luigi , Corda Marco , Sarzi-Puttini Piercarlo 
Published: January 2020

:The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus has been extensively documented. Sub-clinical atherosclerosis can be assessed using various non-invasive imaging techniques. However, the mechanisms underlying the higher risk of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases are not fully known, although they seem to include chronic low-grade systemic inflammation leading to prolonged endothelial activation, accompanied by a pro-thrombotic/pro-coagulant and autoantibody state. Furthermore, sub-clinical atherosclerosis is also influenced by other traditional risk factors for CVD. Including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS: obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure), the degree of which is higher in these patients than in controls. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the CV manifestations and risk factors involved in the increased risk of CVD among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Fractions of Boswellia Serrata Suppress LTA4, LTC4, Cyclooxygenase-2 Activities and mRNA in HL-60 Cells and Reduce Lung Inflammation in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Soni Kapil K. , Meshram Deepak , Lawal Temitope O. , Patel Udeshi , Mahady Gail B. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Purified fractions from a Boswellia serrata Roxb. Ex. Colebr. (Burseraceae)
extract (ETOH and DCM) contain biologically active compounds that are well known for
having inflammation inhibitory properties. In this work, the purified fractions were tested in-vitro
for LTC4, LTA4 and COX-2 activities using ELISA and qPCR was performed to determine gene
regulation in human leukemia (HL-60) Cells. Two D-imaging tomography was performed to determine
the anti-inflammatory activities of the fractions in BALB/c mouse model of lung inflammation.

Objective:
To evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive compounds of Boswellia serrata
purified fractions.

Methods:
In-vitro MTT assay was performed in HL-60 cell lines for measuring the toxicity/
viability of the cells. ELISA tests were performed for evaluating LTA4, LTC4 and COX-2 activities.
qPCR was performed to evaluate the expression of mRNA in HL-60 cells. In-vivo experiments
were performed in OVA sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice at two doses of Boswellia
serrata purified fraction containing 6% Boswellic acid of 50 and 100mg/kg body weight were
given orally and the standard drug dexamethasone (DXA, 4 mg/kg body weight) and reduction in
lung inflammation was assessed by using an IVIS Xenogen in-vivo fluorescence imaging system.

Results:
A purified fraction of Boswellia serrata ETOH extracts reduced leukotriene-C4-synthase
activity by 52%, leuktotriene-A4-hydrolase activity by 22% and COX-2 activity by 99% with an
IC50 of 12.5μg/ml. Intragastric administration of the purified fraction of Boswellia serrata at two
doses of 50mg/kg b.w. and 100mg/kg b.w., respectively along with 2-3% HPMC resulted in a
~51% (P value <0.01) reduction in OVA induced lung inflammation in BALB/c mice as observed
by imaging tomography. Treatment of the OVA challenged mice with standard drug dexamethasone
(DXA) reduced inflammation by ~66% with significant value (P<0.0001).

Conclusion:
The present study describes that Boswellia serrata ethanolic extracts purified fraction
(ETOH-BS) possess significant anti-inflammatory activities in HL-60 and in BALB/c and further
supports for its use as Ayurvedic medicines traditionally in the treatment of lung disorders including
allergy and asthma.
Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Vigor During Seed Physiological Maturity
Authors: Wei Jiaping , Zhao Haihong , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Sushuang , Li Linzhi , Ma Hao 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The soybean seed’s physiological maturity (R7) period is an extraordinary period
for the formation of seed vigor. However, how proteins and their related metabolic pathways in
seed and leaf change during seed physiological maturity is still not fully understood.

Methods:
In the present study, using a pair of pre-harvest seed deterioration-sensitive and -resistant
soybean cultivars Ningzhen No. 1 and Xiangdou No. 3, the changes were investigated through analyzing
leaf, cotyledon and embryo at the levels of protein, ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry.

Results:
Soybean cultivars with stronger photosynthetic capacity in leaf, higher nutrients accumulation
and protein biosynthesis in cotyledon, as well as stronger resistant-pathogen ability and cell stability in
embryo during seed physiological maturity, would produce higher vitality seeds.

Conclusion:
Such a study allows us to further understand the changes at protein, ultrastructure, and
physiology and biochemistry levels in developing seeds during the physiological maturity and provide
a theoretical basis for cultivating soybean cultivars with higher seed vigor.
Comparative Analysis of Skeleton Muscle Proteome Profile between Yak and Cattle Provides Insight into High-Altitude Adaptation
Authors: Xin Jin-Wei , Chai Zhi-Xin , Zhang Cheng-Fu , Yang Yu-Mei , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yong , Cao Han-Wen , YangJi Cidan , Zhong Jin-Cheng , Ji Qiu-Mei 
Published: January 2020

Background::Mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high-altitude environments have been investigated at the levels of morphology, anatomy, physiology, genome and transcriptome, but have not been explored at the proteome level.Objective:The protein profiles were compared between yak and cattle to explore molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high altitude conditions.Methods:In the present study, an antibody microarray chip was developed, which included 6,500 mouse monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed on 12 selected antibodies which showed that the chip was highly specific. Using this chip, muscle tissue proteome was compared between yak and cattle, and 12 significantly Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) between yak and cattle were identified. Their expression levels were validated using Western blot.Results:ompared with cattle, higher levels of Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein (RISP), Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial (COX4I1), ATP synthase F1 subunit beta (ATP5F1B), Sarcoplasmic/ Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase1 (SERCA1) and Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase1 (AMPD1) in yak might improve oxygen utilization and energy metabolism. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase protein X component (PDHX) and Acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (DLAT) showed higher expression levels and L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (LDHA) showed lower expression level in yak, which might help yak reduce the accumulation of lactic acid. In addition, higher expression levels of Filamin C (FLNC) and low levels of AHNAK and Four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) in yak might reduce the risks of pulmonary arteries vasoconstriction, remodeling and hypertension.Conclusion:Overall, the present study reported the differences in protein profile between yak and cattle, which might be helpful to further understand molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high altitude environments.
Comparative Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Green and Red Cabbage Based on Their Antioxidant Vitamins and Phytochemical Constituents
Authors: Ashfaq Faiza , Butt Masood S. , Bilal Ahmad , Tehseen Saima , Suleria Hafiz A.R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Nowadays, bioactive moieties of plants are gaining attention amongst the
masses to mitigate lifestyle related dysfunctions owing to their safe nature and functional properties.

Objective:
Considering phytochemistry and cost-effectiveness of cabbage, the current project was designed
to probe the antioxidant capacity of locally grown green and red cabbage.

Methods:
The total polyphenols and free radical scavenging ability of red and green cabbage were determined
using spectrophotometer while HPLC analysis was carried out to further fractionate phenolic
acids and flavonoid constituents. Apart from this, antioxidant vitamins including vitamin C tocopherol
and β-carotene were also detected using HPLC system.

Results:
The red cabbage showed higher amount of total polyphenols and flavonoids (224.37±6.96 &
219.15±10.30 mg/100g F.W.) than green cabbage (58.41±3.01 & 34.04±1.06 mg/100g F.W.) along with
the existence of anthocyanins (69.86±4.12 mg/100g F.W.) in red cabbage. Comparative HPLC analysis
regarding antioxidant moieties showed significant proportion of kempferol (171.10±5.99 mg/100g
F.W.) followed by vitamin C (139.07±2.23 mg/100g F.W.) in red cabbage however, vitamin C
(121.46±3.28 mg/100g F.W.) was found as the major antioxidant in green cabbage. The red cabbage
depicted higher free radical quenching and reducing ability in contrast to green cabbage using DPPH (1,
1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)], FRAP
(ferric reducing antioxidant power) and PFRAP (potassium ferricyanide reducing antioxidant power)
and H2O2 scavenging ability assays.

Conclusion:
In the nutshell, red cabbage showed better free radical scavenging ability as compared to
green cabbage based on variation and quantification of antioxidant indices.
The Mixed AII and BIII Genotypes of Human Giardia lamblia Isolate Circulating in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Authors: Kialashaki Elham , Fakhar Mahdi , Sharif Mehdi , Daryani Ahmad , Saberi Reza 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
Giardiasis is one of the human parasitic diseases by a flagellate protozoan
named Giardia lamblia. This parasite is one of the most common organisms causing diarrhea in
humans and a common gastrointestinal parasite in vertebrates. The purpose of this investigation was
to determine the molecular epidemiology of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) by PCR-RFLP method in
the Mazandaran Province and to investigate the possible relationship between parasite genotype and
clinical symptoms.

Methods:
In this study, 50 stool samples were collected from human cases of G. lamblia. referred to
health centers in Sari, Babol, Nowshahr cities. The samples were examined by formalin-ether concentration
procedure. DNA extraction was carried out on samples containing adequate Giardia
cysts, and then PCR-RFLP was done on glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) marker.

Results:
In these patients, the most common signs were abdominal pain (42.9%), and diarrhea
(47.6%); and least marked common sign was malaise (4.7%). Of all 21 isolates, 9 samples (42.8%)
were found as genotype mixed AII and BIII, 6 samples (28.6%) belonged to genotype BIII and 6
(28.6%) were of genotype AII. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between AII genotype
and clinical symptoms (P <0.05). According to the statistical tests, there was a significant relationship
between abdominal pain and the intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
However, genotype AII and mixed AII and BIII genotypes were more common, respectively.
The relatively high prevalence of mixed infection of these genotypes indicated the potential
of zoonotic source of giardiasis among patients in Mazandaran Province.
Usefulness of 5 Minutes 123I-mIBG Scan in Parkinson’s Disease and Heart Failure
Authors: Frantellizzi Viviana , Ricci Maria , Farcomeni Alessio , Pontico Mariano , Pani Arianna , Vincentis Giuseppe De 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The use of 123I-mIBG has been approved for decades for Parkinson’s disease
(PD) diagnosis and as a predictor of mortality and potentially fatal events in patients with Heart Failure
(HF). The standardized technique includes an early acquisition (15 minutes from injection), and a late
acquisition (240 minutes). Early images mainly represent interstitial uptake, whereas delayed images
represent actual neuronal uptake, however, it is reasonable to affirm that different pathological situations,
such as PD and HF, imply a different meaning for early and late imaging.

Objective:
This prospective study aims to investigate the clinical usefulness of an immediate planar
123I-mIBG image acquisition (5 minutes) both in patients with PD and in patients with HF.

Methods:
115 patients referred to 123I-mIBG cardiac imaging in Nuclear Medicine Center have been
enrolled (60 patients with PD, absence of diabetes and/or cardiologic pathology, Hoehn e Yahr classification
≤ 1.5; 55 patients with cardiomyopathy, diagnosis of HF, NYHA class I–III). 123I-mIBG planar
anterior thoracic acquisitions were performed after 5 (immediate), 15 (early) and 240 (late) minutes
from injection and H/M ratios were calculated.

Results:
In PD group H/M mean values resulted in 1.58±0.22 for immediate (5 min), 1.61±0.26 for
early (15 min) and 1.59±0.37 for late (240 min) acquisitions. In the HF group, H/M mean values resulted
in 1.63±0.24 for immediate (5 min), 1.65±0.22 for early (15 min) and 1.57±0.17 for late (240
min) acquisitions, respectively. H/M values obtained at 5 min and 15 min are provided similar results,
with no statistical difference (p = ns) regardless of the pathology examined (PD or HF groups). The
statistical analyses validated the diagnostic role of immediate acquisition (5 min) and early acquisition
(15 min) in PD group as compared to the standardized late acquisition (240 min). On the contrary, in
HF group, immediate and early acquisition, as compared to late acquisition (240 min), is not validated
as a major cardiac events predictor.

Conclusion:
Our results indicate the potential role of immediate (5 min) or early (15 min) acquisition
in replacement of standardized 240 minutes acquisition in PD patients, but this result is not confirmed
in HF patients, in which the acquisition at 240 min is confirmed as the most affordable timing for image
interpretation, emphasizing the different pathophysiology that underlies these two pathologies.
Expression of Salivary miRNA 21 in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF): An Observational Study
Authors: Prasad Shesha R. , Pai Anuradha , Shyamala K. , Yaji Anisha 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To observe the expression patterns of salivary mRNA 21 in different stages and
grades of OSMF and also in habitual areca nut chewers without OSMF.

Subjects and Methods:
The study consisted of a total of 185 samples, where 61 patients had chewing
habits (chewing gutkha and other forms of areca nut) and had OSMF (Group 1). 61 patients had
chewing habits but did not have OSMF (Group 2), and 63 were normal healthy patients (control
group) without any chewing habits (Group 3). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients
following the standard operating procedures. miRNA 21 was isolated and purified from saliva
samples using the miRNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen. The primers for miRNA relative quantification analysis
were designed using the Primer Express software of Applied Biosystems. Quantification of all
the samples was carried out using SYBR chemistry in an Applied Biosystems Real-Time PCR.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic characteristics of
patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the expressions of miRNA 21
amongst the three groups noted in Kruskal Wallis test. (<0.001*) A post hoc test was perfomed to
confirm the statistical difference between patients within all three groups. There was no statistically
significant difference noted between the OSMF group and patients with chewing habits group (G1
vs. G2 p: 0.10), but there was a significant difference when compared with normal patients. (G1 vs.
G3 p: <0.001*) and (G2 vs. G3 <0.001*).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that miRNA 21 is overexpressed in OSMF and chewing habit patients.
But the expression levels were not significantly associated with the severity of the disease process.
A long term and large scale studies are required to assess its application as a diagnostic profibrotic
marker in OSMF.
Proposal for the User-Centered Design Approach for Health Apps Based on Successful Experiences: Integrative Review
Authors: Molina-Recio Guillermo , Molina-Luque Rafael , Jiménez-García Ana M. , Ventura-Puertos Pedro E , Hernández-Reyes Alberto , Romero-Saldaña Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Background
Different strategies encompassed within mHealth have shown themselves to be effective for maintaining good health or controlling certain diseases. However, there is usually a very high rate of abandonment of health apps. Therefore, it would seem obvious that there is a need for involving the end users (whether they are health professionals, patients, or both) in the design process from the early stages in order to enable their needs and characteristics to be identified. In this sense, it is common knowledge that focusing on the user permits the consideration of valuable details aimed at making the correct adjustment between the patient, the technology, and the organization of attention.

Objective
The goal of the research was to propose a methodology based on the review of previous successful user experiences in setting up health apps by using qualitative techniques (focus groups and discussion groups) that includes the participation of information technology and health professionals and the patients themselves.

Methods
An integrative review was made of studies in which a qualitative methodology was employed mainly through focus and/or discussion groups for the design and development of health apps, consulting diverse databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Proquest) with the following search strategy: “mHealth AND apps AND focus group OR discussion group.” A total of 69 papers were included in the review.

Results
A proposal structured in 4 sessions of variable duration was made in which information technology and health professionals and patients take part: composing, preparing, and organizing contents (session 1); testing structure and usability (session 2); does the app fit the needs of end users? (session 3); and last testing—keep on improving (session 4). Throughout the sessions, we propose studying aspects like previous user experiences in mHealth, barriers to the adoption of mHealth, interface contents, management and browsability, usability, perceived quality, security and privacy, capacity to self-manage disease with the app, ergonomics, and glanceability, etc. Specific tools that have proved useful in previous research for measuring these aspects are presented.

Conclusions
These work sessions would be based on predominantly qualitative methodologies although, as they evolve, validated questionnaires permitting the assessment of the objectivity of certain technical aspects could be incorporated. With this proposal, a project centered on end users could be effected, responding to their needs. However, this requires validation that will be made via implementation in the development of health apps, with the subsequent measurement of results in terms of adherence and improvement in the clinical variables of the end users.