bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centaurium Erythraea Extracts Exert Vascular Effects through Endothelium- and Fibroblast-dependent Pathways
Authors: Chda Alae , El Kabbaoui Mohamed , Fresco Paula , Silva Dany , Gonçalves Jorge , Oliveira Andreia P. , Andrade Paula B. , Valentão Patrícia , Tazi Abdelali , El Abida Kaouakib , Bencheikh Rachid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Centaurium erythraea is a plant used in traditional medicine for several cardiovascular disorders, namely hypertension, but there is no scientific evidence able to provide a molecular basis for its claimed antihypertensive effects. After a preliminary screen of extracts obtained from sequential extraction of C. erythraea aerial parts, effects of the methanolic fraction (MFCE) on changes in perfusion pressure of isolated rat mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) and in rat cardiac fibroblasts proliferation were investigated, gathering information on the mechanisms involved in endothelium-dependent effects and their dependence on a pro-proliferative stimulus. The HPLC-DAD determination of the phenolics content of MFCE revealed the presence of 22 phenolic compounds. MFCE reduced (63.3 ± 3.9%; n = 4) perfusion pressure in MVB and almost completely abrogated the Ang II-induced increase in cardiac fibroblasts proliferation. Reduction of the perfusion pressure caused by MFCE was endothelium-dependent and occurred in parallel with an increase in NO release. These effects were inhibited by muscarinic receptor antagonists, by L-NAME (a NO synthase inhibitor), and by ODQ (a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor). Experiments revealed that effects required the involvement of K+ channels, being inhibited by tetraethylamonium (TEA; a Ca2+ activated K+ channels inhibitor) and by glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channels inhibitor). In conclusion, extracts from C. erythraea, particularly the compounds present in the MFCE, induce endothelium-dependent vasodilation and prevent fibroblast proliferation induced by angiotensin II, which can account for the claimed antihypertensive effects of C. erythraea in traditional medicine.
Intermuscular S-ICD Implantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ferreiro-Marzal Andrea , Rodríguez-Serrano Fernando , Esteban-Molina María , González-Vargas Teresa , Perin Francesca , Garrido Jose Manuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of conventional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in children presents important technical challenges. We present the surgical technique necessary to adapt the subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) implantation designed for adults, to children, including patients weighing less than 20 kg. The implant procedure implies a two-incision technique and interfascial serratus anterior–latissimus dorsi dissection to accommodate the device. S-ICD implantation was successfully performed in three patients of 19, 28, and 24 kg, respectively, two of them suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. Intermuscular thoracic implantation of S-ICD might represent an effective strategy for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in pediatric patients.
Outcome of “DESTITUTE” Head Injury Patients at a Tertiary Care Neurosurgical Centre: A KGMU Experience of 10 Years
Authors: Digarse Rohan Dilip , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Srivastava Chhitij , Singh Sunil Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Many patients are admitted to hospitals as destitute or unknown, after having met with accidents. What happens to these patients after admission is not much reported in world literature. With the ever increasing number of road traffic accidents (RTAs), a significant number of such patients are reported worldwide.
Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the departmental case records of destitute patients from January 2009 till December 2018 in our institute. The mode of presentation, demographic profile, computed tomography scan findings, hospital course, and outcome at discharge were analyzed.
Results Out of 128 patients, there were 114 (89.1%) male patients, maximum being in the 21 to 30 years age group. The mean age was 36.4 years with ages ranging from 10 to 70 years. The average length of stay in hospital was of approximately 6 days with maximum being 37 days. The main cause of head injury was RTA in 66 patients (51.5%). Majority, that is, 84 patients, had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of < 8 at admission. Forty-two head injury patients were operated in all, while the rest were managed conservatively. Forty-nine (38.2%) patients died in hospital, and 44 (34.3%) patients had good recovery. During treatment, 16 (12.5%) patients took discharge against medical advice, while identity of 63 (49.2%) patients could be established out of which 5 (3.9%) patients were either discharged to home while 51 (39.8%) patients were referred to their district hospital. Two patients (1.5%) remained unknown and were sent to destitute homes for rehabilitation.
Conclusion Unknown head injury patients are usually neglected and their outcome is poorer in comparison to other patients. Their management is fraught with challenges. They need special care for which staff should be well trained and hospital must have economic resources and a good network of social workers.
Endoscopic Endonasal Odontoidectomy
Authors: Joshi Krishna , Woodard Troy , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R. 
Published: October 2019

Odontoidectomy is a standard procedure employed in the treatment of irreducible, compressive ventral pathologies of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). The traditionally used transoral route is often challenging due to the increased depth of the surgical corridor and risk of injuries to the soft tissues in the oral cavity. The emergence of endoscopic endonasal (EE) surgery has provided an attractive alternative route to the traditional treatment algorithm, and it has the advantages of avoiding complications related to tongue swelling, tracheal swelling, prolonged intubation, velopharyngeal insufficiency, dysphagia, and dysphonia.We present a case of a 66-year-old man with no pertinent past medical history, who presented with progressive quadriparesis and gait ataxia over last 6 months (Nurick's grade 2). Neurological exam revealed pattern suggestive of high-cervical myelopathy with no evidence of cranial nerve paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of his CVJ revealed a large pannus behind the dens with severe spinal cord compression, mild contrast enhancement was noted posterior to the pannus, likely from the ligamentous structures; pannus was hypointense on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Further, a computerized tomography (CT) scan did not reveal any obvious malalignment. He underwent an EE odontoidectomy, followed by posterior cervical fusion. He had an unremarkable postoperative period and recovered fully from his myelopathy over the next 6 months. The histopathological examination of the pannus revealed a degenerated disk. In this video, we have a step by step description of the EE approach to the odontoid and discuss the surgical nuances.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/pjg68_vK0C4.
Motion Preserving Surgery Using O-Arm for Unstable Hangman Fracture
Authors: Verma Satish Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Sawarkar Dattaraj Parmanand , Kumar Amandeep , Agarwal Deepak , Chandra P. Sarat , Kale Shashank Sharad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aim To evaluate clinical outcomes, radiological findings (displacement and angulation), and bony fusion in cases of unstable hangman’s fracture.
Introduction Hangman fracture, also known as traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis vertebra, is classically defined as bilateral pars interarticularis fracture of axis vertebra. Opinions vary regarding optimal treatment of unstable hangman’s fractures. Some authors have recommended use of rigid orthosis, whereas others have recommended internal fixation. The peculiar anatomy of the upper cervical spine is highly variable, and presence of surrounding neurovascular structures makes axis pedicle screw fixation even more technically challenging. The advent of intraoperative three-dimensional navigation systems facilitates safe and accurate instrumentation.
Materials and Methods This article analyzes patients operated for type II and IIa hangman’s fractures during the period from September 2011 to August 2018 by two neurosurgeons. The patients’ age, sex, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, and neurologic status were noted. The authors retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome, radiological findings (displacement and angulation), and bony fusion.
Result Eighteen patients with age ranging from 17 to 81 years, were operated using computed tomography-based (O-arm) navigation. Accuracy of screw insertion, preoperative and postoperative displacement, and angulation of C2 over C3 were evaluated. Bony fusion was assessed in all patients. A total of 92 screws were inserted: 36 screws in C2 pedicle, 34 in C3 lateral mass, 20 in C4 lateral mass, and 2 in C5 lateral mass. Of these 92 screws, 36 C2 pedicle screws were inserted under O-arm guidance. The mean preoperative C2–C3 displacement was 4.5 ± 2.1 mm, and the mean postoperative displacement was 1.8 ± 1.1 mm with a mean reduction of 2.7 ± 1.4 mm. The mean preoperative C2–C3 angulation was 10.2 ± 7.6 degrees and the postoperative angulation was 2.52 ± 4.62 degrees with a mean reduction of 8.2 ± 11.6 degrees. Screw malplacement was seen in two C2 pedicle screws (2/36, 5.5%). All C2 pedicle screw breaches were of grade 2. Excellent anatomical reduction in all cases could be achieved as established by the improvement in morphological parameters of fracture.
Conclusion This series using O-arm in unstable hangman fracture demonstrates that intraoperative O-arm-based navigation is a safe, accurate, and effective tool for screw placement in patients with unstable hangman fracture.
Exploration of the Association of Selected Pain Diagnoses with Risky Alcohol use among Active Duty Soldiers
Authors: Reif Sharon , Adams Rachel Sayko , Ritter Grant A. , Larson Mary Jo 
Published: October 2019

Background Pain and its consequences remain of concern, particularly in high-risk occupations such as the military. Alcohol is a legal and accessible means of self-medication, and risky alcohol use is associated with potentially serious consequences. This exploratory analysis aimed to better understand the association of selected pain diagnoses with risky alcohol use among soldiers returning from deployment. Methods Analysis of data from active duty soldiers returning from Afghanistan or Iraq deployments in fiscal years 2008–2011 who completed Department of Defense health questionnaires after deployment ( n = 267,100). Each questionnaire included self-reported alcohol consumption and items yielding AUDIT-C screening scores. Military Health System data were used to identify diagnoses of pain-related conditions. Results About 70% of soldiers had none of the selected pain diagnoses either pre- or post-deployment. 10% had incident pain diagnoses (only post-deployment), 7% had persistent pain diagnoses (both pre- and post-deployment), and 13% had remitted pain diagnoses (only pre-deployment). On the AUDIT-C, 39% screened positive for at-risk drinking and 6% were likely to have severe alcohol problems. Half of the respondents reported any binge drinking; 20% at least monthly binge drinking. Logistic regression analyses found reduced odds of risky alcohol use post-deployment in association with incident and persistent pain diagnoses, compared to no pain diagnoses pre- or post-deployment. Conclusions Pain diagnoses, binge drinking, and risky alcohol use were prevalent among this sample of Army soldiers. An inverse relationship was found between pain diagnosis (incident, persistent) and risky alcohol use post-deployment. Attention should continue to be paid to risky alcohol use in this population, yet these exploratory findings do not suggest that soldiers with the pain diagnoses used in this study are at greater risk. Combat exposure, traumatic brain injury, and psychological health were more important predictors, and should continue to warrant enhanced alcohol screening.
Drift effects on W7-X divertor heat and particle fluxes
Authors: Hammond K C , Gao Y , Jakubowski M , Killer C , Niemann H , Rudischhauser L , Ali A , Andreeva T , Blackwell B D , Brunner K J , Cannas B , Drewelow P , Drews P , Endler M , Feng Y , Geiger J , Grulke O , Knauer J , Klose S , Lazerson S , Otte M , Pisano F , Neuner U , Sitjes A Puig , Rahbarnia K , Schilling J , Thomsen H , Wurden G A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Classical particle drifts are known to have substantial impacts on fluxes of particles and heat through the edge plasmas in both tokamaks and stellarators. Here we present results from the first dedicated investigation of drift effects in the W7-X stellarator. By comparing similar plasma discharges conducted with a forward- and reverse-directed magnetic field, the impacts of drifts could be isolated through the observation of up-down asymmetries in flux profiles on the divertor targets. In low-density plasmas, the radial locations of the strike lines (i.e. peaks in the target heat flux profiles) exhibited discrepancies of up to 3 cm that reversed upon magnetic field reversal. In addition, asymmetric heat loads were observed in regions of the target that are shadowed by other targets from parallel flux from the core plasma. A comparison of these asymmetric features with the footprints of key topological regions of the edge magnetic field on the divertor suggests that the main driver of the asymmetries at low density is poloidal E × B drift due to radial electric fields in the scrape-off layer and private flux region. In higher-density plasmas, upper and lower targets collected non-ambipolar currents with opposite signs that also inverted upon field reversal. Overall, in these experiments, almost all up-down asymmetry could be attributed to the field reversal and, therefore, field-dependent drifts.
A holistic approach to natural ventilation studies
Authors: Liu Sumei , Chen Qingyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Natural ventilation in buildings can increase thermal comfort and reduce air-conditioning use. However, it is very challenging today to accurately determine the natural ventilation rate through a building. This paper outlines a method to calculate the wind distribution around a building site from information obtained at a meteorological station miles away. This paper also discusses the influence of surrounding buildings on the wind flow around a target building at the site, and presents various geometrical models. In addition, the use of hour-by-hour wind velocity typically available from a meteorological station may give rise to some errors because of the large time step. A correlation method can be employed to convert the hour-by-hour wind velocity to minute-by-minute velocity. One can then use CFD to calculate the airflow around the building and wind-driven cross ventilation through an apartment simultaneously. However, prediction of single-sided natural ventilation is difficult because of the bi-directional flow at the room opening and the complex flow around buildings. This paper presents an empirical model that can predict the mean and fluctuating ventilation rates due to the pulsating flow and eddy penetration of wind-driven single-sided ventilation in buildings with three types of windows. One must use the correct strategy in a building in order to achieve the maximum benefits of natural ventilation.
A test bed for thermal fluid dynamic analysis of double skin facade systems
Authors: Jankovic A , Goia F , Eckert D , Müller P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experimental analysis of the thermal fluid dynamic behavior of double skin facade (DSF) requires full scale prototypes or actual facade systems. Because of the crucial interaction with the solar irradiation, tests are usually carried out on facades that are outdoor exposed. However, such an approach has limitation when it comes to a systematic and parametric analysis of the performance of these technologies, as the (outdoor) boundary conditions can hardly be controlled. To overcome this limitation, a new test bed has been conceived and constructed to allow carrying out systematic and parametric analysis on DSF systems. The test bed is a full scale DSF, with the possibility to vary the cavity depths from a minimum value of 200 mm to a maximum value of 600 mm. The total height of the DSF sample is ca 3.6 m, with a transparent window area of approx. 1.4 m (W) x 2.8 m (H). The test bed is installed in a steel frame and is tested through a Climate Simulator facility (a hot-box like facility, with the possibility to irradiate the outside surface of the test sample through a solar simulator). In the paper, the concept of the test bed, the construction features, and its sensor/control set-up are presented, together with an overview of its potentials (and limitations) to carry out experimental analysis on the thermal fluid dynamic behavior of DSF systems.
Practicability and reliability of direct component testing for in-situ measurement of building component airtightness
Authors: Prignon M , Dawans A , Van Moeseke G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Airtightness at building component scale deserves much more focus than it gets. Unfortunately, the most popular method (i.e., indirect method) for its in-situ measurement suffers from substantial uncertainties. An alternative method is the direct component testing: a pressure chamber isolates the component from the rest of the building. This paper presents the method performed on three different newly-installed windows. These applications highlight three difficulties encountered: the chamber must resist to pressure differences higher than 50 Pa, the duct linking the fan to the chamber should be straight and the measured leakage should be perfectly identified. Then, authors performed two series of tests (10 and 12) in repeatability conditions. These allow to compare the uncertainty of the direct component testing (0.29 m3/h, 9.7%) with the expected uncertainty of the indirect method for a similar case (1.53 m3/h, 51.2%). These findings indicate a strong potential for the direct component testing to be used for in-situ measurements. Further work should tackle three limitations of this study identified by authors: other building component should be tested; other repeatability tests should be performed to identify factors responsible for the results variation; and both methods (i.e., direct and indirect) should be compared on the same case.
A parametric design method for CFD-supported wind-driven ventilation
Authors: Merin Abbas Günsu , Gürsel Dino İpek 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The negative impact of the building industry has brought a critical emphasis on the performance-related tools and processes of architectural design. The integration of design and performance simulation has the potential to extend the decision-making capabilities of the architects. Amongst a number of performance parameters, wind-related measures are generally problematic for the design phase, due to the computational cost of predicting wind behaviour, the complexity of the urban context and the constantly changing airflow patterns. In this respect, this paper proposes the preliminary exploration of a design method towards integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled with energy modelling and parametric design tools for the wind-related design acts. As building performance is regarded as a design problem that necessitates a designerly point of view as much as a technical perspective, the method aims at providing visual, generative and accurate feedback regarding its potential to facilitate the architect’s designerly integration to the process and to provide a flexible design environment. The preliminary quantitative analysis conducted through a case study indicates the preliminary data flow through the design process.
Active living wall modules - CO2 and CH2O purification
Authors: Hung Yi-Hsuan , Chen Jia-Kun , Yeh Der-Ming , Tseng Tzu-I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Today, our green walls help to alleviate urban heat island effects, reduce noise and improve air quality. However, this design can be found to be detrimental to airflow and it does not use air to improve air now. Therefore, we must consider the characteristics of the factory and the correct principle of fluid mechanics design. The air can flow through the green wall by inhalation to achieve the function of beautifying and purifying the air. And we will put active living wall module indoors, because many studies have shown that people spends to 80% to 90% of the time to stay indoor. Researchers believe that indoor air quality is closely related to people’s health. It also meets WELL building standards. And there are also studies that indicate that plants in the classroom can increase the attention of school children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use fluid mechanics to design a new green wall for air purification and beautify the environment and promote air quality to create a better living environment. This study placed the active living wall module and the wooden core board together in a transparent acrylic box. After the veneer volatilizes volatile organic substances such as formaldehyde, the module is activated to cause the volatilized gas to pass through the pores below the leaves of the plant as the gas flows. It is also measured whether the concentration of the organic substance before and after passing is effectively changed after passing through the plant. At the same time, the relationship between the wind speed and the stomata of Baihejing is obtained experimentally, and the best photosynthesis efficiency can be obtained. This study found that the pumping mode removed 33% more formaldehyde than the non-exhausted mode. For this study, when 10.5 V (0.6 m/s) is given, there is an optimum photosynthesis efficiency between the wind speed and the planting pores, so the test will be tested at 0.6 m/s. We have found that active living wall module achieve increased efficiency in reducing pollutants. There is another experiment in this study to compare the active living wall modules with the commercially available air purifier. We evaluated the purification of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide, and the price and energy consumption etc. We found that this active living wall modules and commercial air purifier have the same ability of purification. However, there are still many issues in this research that have not been discussed in the future, so it will be more in-depth experiments and research, and also to develop a with the technology of low energy consumption, low pollution, low cost and good aesthetics, the active living wall module goal of reducing indoor air pollution is advanced.