bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Classification for Ground Targets under Complex Background Based on Bag of Words Model
Authors: Jin Wei , Feng Yunsong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of the automatic classifier for ground targets under complex background, a new classifier which was based on bag of words model and support vector machine (SVM) was build. Firstly, the keypoints of a target image were extracted into vectors by using Scale-Invariant Feature Transform algorithm, and vectors which were extracted from all trained images were merged into large vectors. Secondly, the large vectors were clustered into small vectors which included K vectors by using K-means clustering algorithm. To analyze how different values of K affected the classifying results, K was set to several different numbers. Thirdly, vectors which were extracted from all trained images were classified, and K-dimensional numerical vectors were obtained. Finally, the classifier was build with SVM algorithm, and the K-dimensional vectors were as input features of the classifier. The training images were randomly chosen from 90% of images dataset which included missile launch vehicles and tanks, and the rest 10% were as the testing images. The trained classifier is tested, and the f1-score value is 0.79. The results show that the new classifier can perform well.
A High-Efficiency and Real-Time Method for Quality Evaluation of PPG Signals
Authors: Li Hongxing , Huang Shizhao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The pulse oximeter (POM) is a device for real-time detection of HR and SpO2 based on PPG (Photo Plethyamo Graphy) signals, and its detection accuracy varies with diverse interferences. Therefore, it is presented in the paper a method for quality evaluation of PPG signals to detect wavebands of interference signals. Firstly, features of PPG signals are acquired by slope weighted sum function (SSF). Then, the normalized cross-correlation coefficient of each signal and its reference signal is calculated. Finally, signal quality index (SQI) is calculated based on nonlinear scaling function. In the research, 20 PPG signals with 1469 beats are chosen from the CB database to make the experiments of signal quality evaluation. The experimental results show that the method included can effectively identify useful signals from the mixed signals. The sensitivity and positive prediction value are 94.66% and 96.78%, respectively. Consequently, the method proposed has high recognition accuracy with key significance in clinical applications.
Properties of mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers
Authors: Jia Youwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lasers, including solid-state lasers, fiber lasers and ultrafast fiber laser, are critical to our daily lives. Different kinds of laser have their own advantages and disadvantages. For solid-state lasers, they can generate short duration, high energy pulses but are difficult to maintain and expensive. Fiber lasers, which are compact, low-price, high-efficiency, can provide a novel solution to these issues. Here, we illustrate the theory and main features of the most important ultrafast fiber laser designs: soliton laser, dispersion-management soliton, dissipative soliton and Mamyshev oscillator. At last, we focus primarily on the promising future of the ultra-fast fiber lasers.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of LiMnPO4 Cathode Material with Controllable Morphology
Authors: Wang Zhongxu , Li Tingting 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The morphology of particles was a really vital parameter influencing the electrochemical properties of LiMnPO4 based cathode materials. In this work, nano-sized LiMnPO4 with various kinds of morphology were prepared by solvothermal method. Then the phase structure, micro morphology and electrochemical properties were deeply analyzed by using XRD, SEM, electrochemical workstation and battery test system. The results indicated that obtained samples with porous and spindle-shaped powders show the best electrochemical properties, contributing to the decrease of Li+ diffusion coefficient and enhancement of wetting properties between the active powders and the electrolyte.
Fourier single-pixel imaging based on edge attenuation technique
Authors: Hu Yang-Di , Cheng Zheng-Dong , Liang Zhen-Yu , Xiang-Zhai  , Zhe-Wang  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fourier single-pixel imaging has been widely concerned with its real-time and high quality. However, DMD (Digital Micromirror Array) as an illumination source cannot produce a continuous gray level of the Fourier basis pattern. Therefore, the inevitable error is produced. This paper proposes a halftone technique based on edge attenuation, which can be applied to the Fourier basis pattern generation method on DMD without loss of resolution, and compared with the traditional methods, the invention solves the problem that the traditional methods has a single scanning direction and accumulated errors, finally; we improve the image quality.
Data Augmentation Based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets Under Few Samples
Authors: Jiang Yuchen , Zhu Bin , Ma Qi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of image classification under the condition of few samples, an improved method based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets is proposed. The small data sets are augmented by generating target samples through minimax game between the generator and the discriminator. Firstly, label information is introduced into the network to save the cost of manual labeling for the generated images, and then classifier loss is introduced to further improve the quality of generated images, and the classification accuracy is improved after expanding the data set.
Study on factors affecting the mechanical properties of dry mixing CDG based geopolymer
Authors: Zha Xiaoxiong , Wang Kai , Zhu Jiayuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cement is the main material for the construction industry. But it produces a large amount of greenhouse gases and consumes a lot of resources. As a new type of green cementitious material, geopolymer materials can replace cement. In order to simplify the preparation process of the geopolymer material, dry-mixing CDG geopolymer materials are prepared by using a dry mixing process technique, using a solid activator material, mixing the dry materials, and adding water to the mixture. In this paper, the completely decomposed granite (CDG) and slag are used as the main cementitious materials, and the geopolymer paste and concrete are prepared by the action of alkaline activator, and the systematic study on the mechanical properties of this new geopolymer material has been carried out.
Prediction method of coal slagging property in layer-fired boiler
Authors: Zhao Wang , Song-song Zhang , Li Guo , Guo-li Qi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this article, different coal samples are selected and their physicochemical properties are analyzed. Study and comprehensively analyze various factors affecting slagging. Prediction of coal slagging properties using 12 influencing factors, include: softening temperature, the difference between deformation temperature and flow temperature, characteristic of char residue, sodium oxide content, silicon ratio, silica-alumina ratio, iron-calcium ratio, acid-base oxide ratio, sulfur slagging index, contamination index, chlorine content, inorganic mineral content. The fuzzy clustering analysis method was used to classify and quantify all the influencing factors, and the coal slagging prediction method of layer fired boiler was proposed and verified by application.
Uncertainty Research of Particles Concentration Measurement in Continuous Emission Monitoring System of Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Liang Tianqi , Zheng Tianlin , Zhang Guangxue , Ma Luyao , Xu Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to monitor the reliability of the CEMS operation data of a thermal power plant in Hangzhou, the data of its operation process were collected. The components of uncertainty influencing on the particles concentration measurement, including zero drift, range drift, relative accuracy and measuring repeatability, were analyzed in the system. The confidence interval (2.80%) and the allowable interval (8.94%) were introduced to ensure the reliability of the system data. The result of evalution shows that the related expanded uncertainty of particles concentration measurement is 9.26% when coverage factor is k=2 and level of confidence is 95%. Measuring repeatability is the main factor affecting the uncertainty.
Discussion on Relevant Issues of Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers
Authors: Yongqiang Chang , Tiankui Li , Peng Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the study and application of GB/T 10180-2017 “Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers”, the author found some unreasonable or error-prone areas in the rules. In this paper, the value of boiler thermal efficiency, the test method of condensing boiler, the correction method of boiler thermal efficiency and the calculation of desulfurization thermal efficiency are discussed, and personal suggestions are put forward.
Effect of crack length on tip field of 304 stainless steel SCC
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhang Jianlong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is one of the key issues affecting the long-term safe operation of high temperature pressure vessels and pipeline. In this paper, the effect of crack length on the SCC crack tip field of austenitic 304 stainless steel is studied by using a compact tensile specimen. Firstly, the finite element model of SCC crack tip creep is established by using ABAQUS, and the crack tip creep and creep to crack tip mechanics are analyzed. The influence of different crack lengths on crack tip creep and creep rate was studied. It can be obtained by numerical simulation analysis software. The high creep variable area is mainly concentrated in the near crack tip region. The crack length has a great influence on the SCC crack tip creep field. With the continuous expansion of the austenitic 304 stainless steel crack, crack tip creep variables and creep rates are also increasing. It provides a theoretical reference for the safety evaluation and analysis of high temperature pressure vessels and pipelines.
Study on Separation Efficiency of Cyclone Separator for 75t/h Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
Authors: Wang Hai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Taking a 75t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator in a boiler manufacturing plant as the research object, this study uses FLUENT fluid calculation software and the balanced orbit and dwell time model to analyze the influence of the particle trajectory tracking, exhausting pipe length and pipe diameter on the separation efficiency The calculation results show that when the relative diameter is equal to 0.3∼0.5, the separation efficiency is already high. If the diameter of the core tube is reduced, the separation efficiency is not improved much. However, this will lead to a sharp increase in pressure loss; The increase of the powder concentration is markedly increased; the larger the particle size is, the higher the separation efficiency is. The separation efficiency is obviously improved after the particle size is larger than 30 μm. The separation efficiency is already high after the particle size is larger than 80 μm, and the increase of the particle size is not significant.
Boiler Thermal Efficiency Test System Based on NB-IoT Technology
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Xu Chongtao , Gao Shuai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper combines the wireless NB-IoT technology with the traditional boiler thermal efficiency test, and uses LabVIEW to develop a test analysis system. By installing the data export module and the transmission module together on the existing equipment to perform wireless and digital upgrade of the detection equipment, the purpose of improving the automation degree of the thermal efficiency test is achieved, thereby reducing the number of test staff on site. At the same time, it will avoid the dust and high temperature danger that the staff will encounter on site. The complex boiler thermal efficiency calculation formula is simplified according to the wireless, real-time and accurate needs of the boiler thermal efficiency test. A formula for calculating the enthalpy value that satisfies the requirements of online testing, a formula for the heat loss of the incomplete combustion of the gas, and a formula for fitting the ash combustibles are proposed.
Research on Low Temperature Condensation of Flue Gas from Gas Industrial Boiler
Authors: Ji-Ming Yu , Juan Li , Jian Guan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzed the heat transfer in the condensing section of condensing gas industrial boiler. As to the operation of boiler, the field test of the flue gas condensing section was carried out where the field test data was compared with the theoretical values to verify the calculation formula of the convective exothermic coefficient of the condensing section in the condensing boiler’s spiral rib.
Energy conservation certification for coal layer-combustion industrial boiler
Authors: Liu Xuemin , Yu Jiming , Zhang Songsong , Zhao Lihua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of boiler load on main operation parameters and the boiler efficiency were investigated, and the thermal efficiency distribution of nearly 300 coal-fired boilers was further analyzed. The results show that the exit gas temperature decreases as the boiler load decreases, while the unburned carbon contents in ash and slag, and CO content in flue gas usually increase. Correspondingly, the loss due to exit gas decreases, and the loss due to unburned solids usually increases. The loss due to surface radiation and convection increases. Taking into account changes of all the losses, the boiler efficiency decreases at lower loads. With reference to TSG G0002, Technical Specification for Energy Conservation Certification of Coal Layer-Combustion Industrial Boiler under off-Design Conditions has been drafted and the evaluating values of energy conservation for products have been proposed, including boiler efficiency under different test loads and CO concentration in flue gas. The target efficiency values vary according to the boiler capacity and fuel type. The CO concentration value is a limit that can be achieved by most boilers.
Apparatus for investigation of heat transfer to H2O/CO2 mixtures in both near-critical and supercritical regions
Authors: Wu Haomin , Zhang Hanlin , Li Sha , Liu Dong , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Supercritical H2O/CO2 mixtures are the working fluid in a novel power generation system with coal gasified in supercritical water, so their heat transfer behaviors are important to design heat transfer devices. However, heat transfer to supercritical mixtures has received few attention. Here, we designed and established an apparatus to measure the forced convection coefficients and constant pressure heat capacities of H2O/CO2 mixtures in both near-critical and supercritical regions. The highest mixture temperature is designed to be 873 K with the highest pressure of 25 MPa and with the CO2 mass fraction up to 25%. Results show that our apparatus is stable in both near-critical and supercritical regions, which is challenging for high-temperature and high-pressure experiments. Furthermore, our apparatus has lower uncertainties than those in previous studies.
Effect of Surface State on Acid Rain Corrosion Resistance of T6 6005A Aluminum Alloy by BT-FSW Joint
Authors: Qin Zhiheng , Xu Hongji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The test sample was 5 mm thick artificial aging 6005A aluminium alloy profile, which was butted by BT-FSW. This work aimed to analyse the effect of surface state on corrosion resistance of welded joints in acid rain environment based on acetate ssalt spray test (CASS), polarization curve and EIS impedance test, combined with SEM scanning and EDS energy spectrum. The results showed that the corrosion rate of pre-welded polished joints was high at the initial stage of salt spray corrosion, and the corrosion rate of both joints were equal at the later stage of corrosion, higher than that of base metal. The best preservation of corrosion morphology was THAZ, followed by nugget zone and HAZ, and the pitting degree of base metal was the most serious. The polarization curves of the polished joints before 30 min corrosion were located at the lower right of the image, and its self-corrosion current density in the nugget zone showed the worst corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of the pre-welded polished joint increased after 336 hours of corrosion, the corrosion breakdown potential and self-corrosion current were not significantly different from those of the unpolished joints. The fitting curves of the two kinds of joints had similar dual capacitance arc resistance characteristics and the impedance parameters in EIS, and the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the two joints were weaker than that of the base metal.
A Study on the Change of Manufacturing Design Process due to the Development of A.I Design and 3D Printing
Authors: Hyunjin Chun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution brought about changes in various fields. The speed of the fourth industrial revolution will proceed faster than the previous ones. It is a new revolution in which new technologies are integrated. So the convergence of new technologies in the fourth industrial revolution will affect many areas. In particular, new technologies such as artificial intelligence and 3D printing technology are being used in the manufacturing industry. The fourth industrial revolution will change the manufacturing design process in the future. Predicted changes are as follows: First, existing management processes are divided into planning, design and manufacturing processes. The collection and analysis of many data are important in the planning process. This planning phase enabled data collection, processing and management through cloud computing and big data technologies. Based on these plans, artificial intelligence can produce thousands of design results. Next, based on the design plan, products can be produced in 3D printing. As such, the manufacturing process has been very simplified by 3D printing. The study can offer some solutions for social changing problems by predicting the future of manufacturing. And the results of the study can be used as a research base in the manufacturing design sector using artificial intelligence and 3D printing.
Application of Reverse Engineering on Spacecraft Assembly Process Simulation
Authors: Yiliu Xu , Chunsheng Yang , Kai Xu , Wei Wang , Xing Fan , Jun Hou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new process that assembly simulation with 3-D model which obtained from product to improve the reliability of spacecraft assembly. 3-D model of the satellite camera which obtained by reverse engineering was used in DELMIA virtual assembly simulation. The point cloud date of the model was scanned by laser radar, and the scanning accuracy is 0.3mm. To get more accurate model data, firstly it’s necessary to remove noise data by the method of HCI and curve inspect; then, min-distance method was used to streamline the point data, and repair the data by complementary surface; finally, reconstruct the model by the triangular Bezier surface. Because the model obtained by RE is more exact than the ordinary model, the virtual assembly simulation is more useful. During the period of installing the camera, as the simulation, the risk was avoided and the process was successful.
Experimental studies on caffeine mediated synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods and their characterization
Authors: Subramanian R , Murugan P , Chinnadurai G , Ponmurugan K , Al-Dhabi Naif Abdullah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanorods (HA) were fabricated using caffeine as a modifier at room temperature. Various concentrations of caffeine were utilized to synthesize the HA nanoparticles to analyze its effect on size, shape and morphology. The formation of phosphate ion was confirmed by Fourier Transform spectrophotometer (FTIR). Crystalline structure and phase of the nanoparticles was confirmed by x-ray diffraction study (XRD). The formation of HA nanorods with diversified morphology was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images. The results acquired in this study reveals that the HA nanoparticles synthesized using caffeine are uniform and evenly scattered nanorods. The average size of the nanorods obtained from the XRD study was in the range of 20–30 nm. The TEM and SAED investigation revealed the shape, morphology and arrangement of HA nanorods with higher crystallinity. This investigation claims that caffeine is a natural modifier to produce HA nanorods.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cuprous Oxide nanoparticles for malachite green degradation under the visible light radiation
Authors: Muthukumaran M , Gnanamoorthy G , Varun Prasath P , Abinaya M , Dhinagaran G , Sagadevan Suresh , Mohammad Faruq , Oh Won Chun , Venkatachalam K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Photocatalysis provides excellent potentials for the complete removal of organic pollutants in environmentally friendly ways and sustainable means of technology. It has been noted that under UV-visible light irradiation, nanostructured semiconductor metal oxides photocatalysts can degrade different organic pollutants. Taking into consideration of the photocatalytic activity, the present study deals with the synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) by the sonochemical method and characterized for their physicochemical, optical, and photocatalytic properties. The powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed for the cubic phase crystalline structure while the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported for the icosahedron morphology. The bandgap of the synthesized Cu2O NPs was found to be 2.26 eV, which is the suitable bandgap energy so as to achieve the enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency. On testing for the degradation of Malachite green (MG) as a model pollutant, the synthesized Cu2O NPs demonstrated a high degradation efficiency under visible light irradiation. The observed results suggest that the synthesized Cu2O NPs are attractive photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic organic wastes in the water under visible light. Further investigation confirmed for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) under aqueous conditions with visible light.
Photocatalytic activity of CuInS2 nanoparticles synthesized via a simple and rapid microwave heating process
Authors: Chumha Nawapong , Pudkon Watcharapong , Chachvalvutikul Auttaphon , Luangwanta Tawanwit , Randorn Chamnan , Inceesungvorn Burapat , Ngamjarurojana Athipong , Kaowphong Sulawan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this research, visible–light photocatalytic activities of CuInS2 nanoparticles for degradation of three organic dyes (rhodamine B; RhB, methylene blue; MB, and methyl orange; MO) were investigated. The CuInS2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and rapid microwave heating process using sodium sulfide as a sulfur source and then characterized by x–ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) techniques. The synthesized CuInS2 nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation activity to the cationic dyes (RhB and MB) when compared with that of anionic dye (MO). Zeta potential of the CuInS2 photocatalyst was measured to elucidate the adsorption ability toward dye molecules. A possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed based on active species quenching experiments and Mott–Schottky analysis.