bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and therapy for 134 cases of COVID-19: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Jie , Chen Weining , Li Xiaolin , Chen Jiebing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide. As of October 27th, 2020, the number of worldwide laboratory-confirmed cases had reached 43,340,710, with 1,157,496 deaths. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and therapy for a set of COVID-19 cases.Methods: For this retrospective study, we extracted data for 134 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at our hospital from January 16th to April 24th, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and abnormal radiologic findings. Outcomes were followed up until May 1st, 2020.Results: An outcome of death or severe COVID-19 was more likely to occur with coinfection and severe underlying diseases. Age above 60 years old, male sex and symptoms such as fever, cough, chest tightness, headaches and fatigue were also related to severe COVID-19 and an outcome of death. In addition, high temperature, high blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels, and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities were related to severe COVID-19 and an outcome of death, as was a low lymphocyte count. The administration of gamma globulin appeared to be helpful for reducing mortality in patients with severe COVID-19; however, as the P value was greater than 0.05 (P=0.180), studies of the same conditions with larger samples are needed.Conclusion: Multiple factors are related to severe COVID-19 and an outcome of death. The administration of gamma globulin seemed to be helpful for reducing mortality in severe cases. More related studies are needed in the future.Clinical trial registrationNot applicable
Facial Expressions of Pain Among Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wang Kuo-Cheng , Seak Chen-June , Tsai Fu-Sheng , Chien Cheng-Yu , Lee Chi-Chun , Ng Chip-Jin , Wang Bo-Cyuan , Weng Yi-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: The use of facial expression tracking to measure pain in patients in an emergency clinical setting has not been used before. This study examined facial expressions via an action unit (AU)-based model to determine the pain levels of emergency department (ED) patients.Methods: Adult patients admitted to the ED due to complaints of headache, chest pain, abdominal pain, backache, or painful limbs at triage were included. Two assessments, each lasting at least 30 s, were performed for each participant. A basic description of the pain was acquired, including pain intensity, using a self-report numerical rating scale (NRS). To identify the characteristics of facial expressions of pain, 18 facial AUs were assessed. The model was developed according to analyses of the significantly correlated facial AUs. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of the AU-based model for different pain severities was calculated.Results: 429 video recording sessions were enrolled for analysis. 57.7% were male and the mean age was 51.3 years. Abdominal pain (49.4%) was the most common complaint, followed by back/limb pain (12.3%). The initial and follow-up mean NRS scores were 6.4 and 3.7, respectively. Several AUs showed significant correlations with NRS scores, including AU 1 (brow raising, p=0.024), AU 4 (brow lowering, p<0.001), and AU 26 (jaw dropping, p=0.038). A model to predict pain severity that included AUs 1, 4, 5, 9, 26, and 45 was created. The AUC of the prediction model to identify severe pain and no pain from others showed a value of 0.633 and 0.645, respectively. Conclusions: Although this study identified several facial AUs correlated with patient self-report NRS pain scores, analysis of facial expressions alone failed to accurately predict pain among patients in the ED. Further studies should aim to develop a more comprehensive means of measuring pain via multiple behavioral measurements.
Macrophage activation in obese type 2 diabetes: an enhanced risk for COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Authors: Moin Abu , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Diboun Ilhame , Atkin Stephen , Butler Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective Hyperactivation of the immune system through obesity and diabetes may enhance infection severity complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease. Objectives: to determine the circulatory biomarkers for macrophage activation at baseline and after serum glucose normalization in obese type 2 diabetes (OT2D) subjects.Methods A case-controlled interventional pilot study in OT2D (n=23) and control subjects (n=23). Subjects underwent hyperinsulinemic clamp normalizing serum glucose. Plasma macrophage-related proteins were determined using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement at baseline (control and OT2D subjects) and after 1-hour of insulin clamp (OT2D subjects only).Results. Basal M1 macrophage activation was characterized by elevated levels of M1 macrophage-specific surface proteins, CD80 and CD38, and cytokines or chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, RANTES) released by activated M1 macrophages. Two potent M1 macrophage activation markers CXCL9 and CXCL10 were decreased in OT2D. Activated M2 macrophages were characterized by elevated levels of plasma CD163, TFGβ-1, MMP7 and MMP9 in OT2D. Conventional mediators of both M1 and M2 macrophage activation markers (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13) were not altered. No changes were observed in plasma levels of M1/M2 macrophage activation markers in OT2D in response to acute normalization of glycemia.Conclusion In the basal state, macrophage activation markers are elevated, and these reflect the expression of circulatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, that were not changed by glucose normalisation. These differences may predispose the diabetic individuals to ARDS reflecting in increased COVID-19 disease severity.
Generative Adversarial Network Based Rogue Device Identification Using Differential Constellation Trace Figure
Authors: Chen Zekun , Peng Linning , Hu Aiqun , Fu Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the dramatic development of the internet of things (IoT), security issues such as identity authentication have received serious attention. The radio frequency (RF) fingerprint of IoT device is an inherent feature, which can hardly be imitated. In this paper, we propose a rogue device identification technique via RF fingerprinting using deep learning-based generative adversarial network (GAN). Being different from traditional classification problems in RF fingerprint identifications, this work focuses on unknown accessing device recognition without prior information. A differential constellation trace figure (DCTF) generation process is initially employed to transform RF fingerprint features from time-domain waveforms to 2-dimensional (2D) figures. Then, by using GAN, which is a kind of unsupervised learning algorithm, we can discriminate rogue devices without any prior information. An experimental verification system is built with 54 ZigBee devices regarded as recognized devices and accessing devices. A USRP receiver is used to capture the signal and identify the accessing devices. Experimental results show that the proposed rogue device identification method can achieve 95% identification accuracy in a real environment.
Factors Associated with the Effectiveness of National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program in HIV Infected Patients of Yi Nationality from Southwest China: Evidence from A Cohort Study to Provide Clues for Improvement
Authors: Chen Liyu , Kang Shuang , Du Lingyao , Ma Fanghua , Li Changmin , Bai Lang , Tang Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the current achievements of HIV management in the source-limited region of Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture, a small population remains with unsatisfactory virologic outcomes and suboptimal immune recovery. This cohort study aimed to identify potential risk factors of suboptimal clinical outcomes and to provide clues for improvement in people living with HIV (PLWH) from China’s National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP) in Zhaojue County, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture of Yi nationality. Results: A total of 608 HIV infected adult patients in NFATP at the median age of 35(31, 40) were enrolled for analysis. During the 2.15(1.54, 4.00)-year follow-up, 502 (82.6%) patients achieved the viral load of <1000 copies/mL after over 6 months of antiretroviral therapy(ART). Among them, 398 (65.5%) cases achieved complete viral suppression with viral load <50 copies/mL while 104 (17.1%) cases remained with low level viremia (LLV, 50≤ viral load ≤1000 copies/mL). Patients with longer infection duration (OR =1.017 [95%CI: 1.002-1.033], p = 0.026), male gender (OR =1.632 [95%CI: 1.053-2.53], p = 0.028), positive hepatitis C virus antibody (OR =1.687 [95%CI: 1.093-2.604], p = 0.018) or infection through injecting drug use (IDU) (OR =1.584 [95%CI: 1.022-2.455], p = 0.04) were more likely to experience the undesirable outcome of LLV. Moreover, 254 (63.8%) of 398 patients with viral suppression achieved optimal immune recovery with the CD4 count ≥ 350 cells/μL. Patients with lower body mass index (BMI) (21.00±2.94 Kg/m 2 , OR=0.921 [95%CI: 0.854-0.994], p = 0.034) and higher fasting blood glucose (4.99±1.01 mmol/L, OR=1.343 [95%CI: 1.087-1.658], p = 0.006) were less likely to achieve the CD4 count ≥ 350 cells/μL after viral suppression. Conclusions: In this long-term cohort study of PLWH from Zhaojue County, Liangshan, most patients achieved virologic success on ART provided by NFATP but optimal immune recovery was yet to be expected. Approaches including strict control of illegal drug deal, patient education, and nutritional status management could be conducive to better prognosis for this population.
The observed discordances in cosmology signaling new Physics
Authors: Zhang Haichao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The measured values for the cosmic expansion rate, the cosmic radius, the cosmic age, etc. vary with a direct or an indirect methodology. These discrepancies known as the cosmological crisis imply the existence of a new physical field. The coupling of matter to the ﬁeld causes the ratio between a being measured mass of matter and a reference mass to vary with the field. Any experiment can only measure the relative ratio rather than the absolute mass of matter. Apparently, there are two representations in describing the field dependence of the ratio: the reference (being measured) mass varies with the field while the being measured (reference) mass does not. Therefore, the measured value of every quantity depends on the choice of the representations. A representation is selected based on the conscious or unconscious assumptions in an experiment. This new field can resolve the discrepancies as well as drive the late-time cosmic acceleration. The new closed cosmic model here can remove the tensions in the standard cold dark matter model with Λ being the cosmological constant.
Yoghurt Consumption is Associated With Transient Changes in the Composition of the Human Gut Microbiome
Authors: Roy Caroline Ivanne Le , Kurilshikov Alexander , Leeming Emily , Visconti Alessia , Bowyer Ruth , Menni Cristina , Falchi Mario , Koutnikova Hana , Veiga Patrick , Alexandra Zhernakova , Derrien Mureil , Spector Tim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Yoghurt contains live bacteria that could contribute via modulation of the gut microbiota to its reported beneficial effects such as reduced body weight gain and lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. To date, the association between yoghurt consumption and the composition of the gut microbiota is underexplored. Here we used clinical variables, metabolomics, 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing data collected on over 1000 predominantly female UK twins to define the link between the gut microbiota and yoghurt-associated health benefits. Results: According to food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 73% of subjects consumed yoghurt. Consumers presented a healthier diet pattern (healthy eating index: beta = 2.17±0.34; P = 2.72x10-10) and improved metabolic health characterised by reduced visceral fat (beta = -28.18±11.71 g; P = 0.01). According to 16S rRNA gene analyses and whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach consistent taxonomic variations were observed with yoghurt consumption. More specifically, we identified higher abundance of species used as yoghurt starters Streptococcus thermophilus (beta = 0.41±0.051; P = 6.14x10-12) and sometimes added Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (beta = 0.30±0.052; P = 1.49x10-8) in the gut of yoghurt consumers. Replication in 1103 volunteers from the LifeLines-DEEP cohort confirmed the increase of S. thermophilus among yoghurt consumers. Using food records collected the day prior to faecal sampling we showed that increase in these two yoghurt bacteria could be transient. Metabolomics analysis revealed that B. animalis subsp. lactis was associated with 13 faecal metabolites including a 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, known to be involved in the regulation of gut inflammation.Conclusions: Yoghurt consumption is associated with reduced visceral fat mass and changes in gut microbiome including transient increase of yoghurt-contained species (i.e. S. thermophilus and B. lactis).
Combined Effects of Simulated Microgravity, Low Pressure and Noise Environment on the Intestinal Flora of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Sun Peiming , Yang Jiaqi , Wang Bo , Ma Huan , Zhang Yin , Guo Jinhu , Chen Xiaoping , Zhao Jianwei , Sun Hongwei , Yang Jianwu , Yang Heming , Cui Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts in complex space environments, resulting in difficulties of implementing space missions.Results: Under the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus level were significantly affected by the combined effects environment. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were also found to be differently expressed under different environmental conditions.Conclusion: The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare. Meanwhile, these changes require more attention because they may induce diseases that may further affect performance during space missions.
Morphological and molecular analyses of a Meloidogyne mali population with high intragenomic rRNA polymorphism
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Liu Lele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne mali can cause damage in trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, and was placed on the EPPO Alert List in 2014. In the present study, we report a population isolated from Japanese maple. The recovered population is described by detailed morphological and molecular approaches. The molecular phylogentic analysis based on 28S rRNA, ITS, and mitochondrial COI genes places the population in the clade together with other M. mali sequences available in GenBank. The cloned sequences of the 28S rRNA gene revealed a high intragenomic rRNA polymorphism where the polymorphic copies are spread across M. mali clade. Similarly, we also found high variation in the mitochondrial COI gene. Among four haplotypes in M. mali, three occur in the newly found population. Our study provides the first report of intragenomic polymorphism in M. mali, and the results suggest that intragenomic polymorphism maybe widespread in Meloidogyne.
Identifying feasible nonpoint source pollutant sampling intervals for watersheds with paddy field and urban land uses
Authors: Park Hyunkyu , Beom Jina , Jeung Minhyuk , Choi Woojung , Her Younggu , Shirmohammadi Adel , Yoon Kwangsik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Monitoring provides data and information necessary for water quality assessment, but often it is prohibitive, especially when frequent sampling is required. In this study, we explored feasible sampling intervals for improved efficiency of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution assessment. We compared NPS pollutant loads calculated with concentration samples collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6-hour intervals for the first 24 hours of 13 storm events and investigated the effect of different sampling intervals on load estimation for three watersheds that have different land uses. When compared to load estimates made from concentrations sampled at the reference (1-hour) interval, differences in load estimates were less than 10% in the cases of the 2-hour and 3-hour intervals in the urbanized and agricultural watersheds, respectively, except in the case of suspended solids (SS). When it comes to the total load estimation, up to 3-hour interval sampling provided load estimates with acceptable accuracy, except for SS. Thus, the 3-hour sampling interval was considered feasible for long-term pollutant load assessment, while the 2-hour sampling interval was suggested for SS. Such findings are expected to facilitate NPS pollution assessment by providing information required to improve monitoring efficiency.
The effect of sorptivity on cumulative infiltration
Authors: Angelaki A. , Sihag P. , Sakellariou-Makrantonaki M. , Tzimopoulos C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hydraulic parameters of the soil play a considerable role in the hydrological cycle, irrigation planning, drainage, groundwater recharge, and water resources management. One of the most important hydraulic parameters of the soil is sorptivity (S), yet there is insufficient research on how it affects the mechanism of infiltration. The main scope of this study is to investigate the effect(/significance) of sorptivity on the mechanism of infiltration of water, through various types of soil medium, from both mathematical and experimental perspectives. For this scope, the absolute sensitivity analysis factor of sorptivity was obtained, while two experimental procedures were carried out in the laboratory. Each soil sample was packed into a vertical column, while a constant head of 2 mm was applied at the surface of the soil. The incoming water was measured volumetrically and at the same time, soil moisture, at certain locations, was measured using the TDR method. Sorptivity of each soil was calculated using Parlange's equation. Absolute sensitivity analysis factor of sorptivity showed that for a longer duration/period of cumulative infiltration, sorptivity strongly affects the phenomenon the more synectic the soil type. Thus, estimating sorptivity of the soil could lead to better solutions for irrigation planning, flood prediction and water saving.
Preparation, characterization, and efficient chromium (VI) adsorption of phosphoric acid activated carbon from furfural residue: an industrial waste
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Yiming , Li Shen , Li Xihui , Zhou Haifeng , Tian Yuanyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Furfural residue (FR) is an inevitable by-product of industrial furfural production. If FR is not managed properly, it will result in environmental problems. In this study, FR was used as a novel precursor for activated carbon (AC) production by H3PO4 activation under different conditions. Under optimum conditions, the prepared FRAC had high BET surface area (1,316.7 m2/g) and micro-mesoporous structures. The prepared FRAC was then used for the adsorption of Cr(VI). The effect of solution pH, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and temperature was systematically studied. Characterization of the adsorption process indicated that the experimental data were well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 454.6 mg/g was achieved at pH 2.0, which was highly comparable to the other ACs reported in the literatures. The preparation of FRAC using H3PO4 activation can make use of FR's characteristic acidity, which could make it preferable in practical industrial production.
Serum Pro-oxidant-antioxidant Balance in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmadnezhad Mahsa , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Bijari Moniba , Oladi Mohammad Reza , Esmaily Habibollah , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Barati Elham , Silakhori Samaneh , Mohammadi-Bajgiran Maryam , Davari Hafezeh , Parizadeh Mohammad Reza , Mokhber Naghme , Sharifan Payam , Aref-Hosseini Seyed Rafie , Ferns Gordon A , Moohebati Mohsen , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: November 2020

Aim and Objective:
Diabetes mellitus is associated with inflammation and increased oxidative stress. In the current
study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and serum pro-oxidantantioxidant
balance (PAB) in a large population-based study.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 7888 individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic
Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study. Participants were divided into three groups, based on their serum PAB values (levels <
36.4, 36.4-82.6 and > 82.6 HK). Serum PAB values were measured using a colorimetric method and enzyme-linked immune
sorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
Serum PAB in subjects with and without diabetes was reported 76.85 ± 61.07 HK and 69.51 ± 55.50 HK. In subjects
with a serum PAB > 82.6 HK the risk of T2DM was 1.2 fold higher in comparison to subjects with a serum PAB <
36.4 HK (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09 – 1.47, P-value: 0.002). This association remained significant after adjustment for confounding
factors in multivariable analysis (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.38, P-value: 0.027).

Conclusion:
Increased pro-oxidant levels may be a major complication of T2DM in our study subjects and PAB could be
an indicator of higher oxidative stress in T2DM patients from northeastern Iran.
A Computational Approach for Identifying Potential Phytochemicals Against Non-structural Protein 1 (Nsp1) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hossain Md. Alamgir 
Published: November 2020

Aim and Objective:
A recent study has revealed that non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) of the SARS-CoV-2 is one
of the novel targets for design and developing new antiviral drugs. To date, there is no significant exact medication is available
to treat Covid-19 as a result both the death toll and the number of people affecting by this disease is increasing every
day. 35 phytochemicals having antiviral properties were taken to get the best compounds against Nsp1

Materials and Methods:
As no PDB structure of this protein is available, homology modeling was done to predict the probable
structure. After homology modeling, the best model was taken according to C-score and TM- score and then validated
by using different web servers. After validation, docking of these compounds was done using AutoDock vina, vega zz, and
PyRx and consensus docking score was considered to select molecules after docking. Finally, the orbitals energy calculation
of these compounds was done to check their activity and the binding interaction of these molecules were also analyzed.

Results:
Molecules having a consensus score of -8kcal/mol or more negative were kept for further study and it was seen that
16 molecules had the given criteria. Then drug-likeness filtration was done according to Lipinski’s rule of five and 11 molecules
remained. Out of these 11 molecules, 5 molecules had satisfactory ADMET properties. Calculation of orbital energy
revealed their activity.

Conclusion:
It is expected that this research might be helpful for the development of new antiviral drugs active against
SARS-CoV-2 targeting Nsp1.