bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary antioxidant enzymes associated with oral toxicity in haematopoietic cell transplantation: An observational study
Authors: Bezinelli Letícia Mello , Eduardo Fernanda de Paula , Ferreira Mariana Henriques , Gobbi Marcella , Lopes Roberta M. G. , Rosin Flavia C. P. , Vogel Cristina , Hamerschlak Nelson , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), oral mucositis and xerostomia are related to conditioning‐related oxidative stress. The role of salivary antioxidant enzymes in oral toxicity is poorly described. The aim of this study was to verify the association between salivary antioxidant enzymes and oral mucositis and xerostomia in HCT.DesignSaliva from autologous and allogeneic HCT patients (n = 77) was selected before conditioning (T0), during the neutropenia period (T1) and after marrow engraftment (T2). Salivary flow, total salivary proteins, and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities were measured.ResultsThere were no significant differences in salivary flow, total salivary proteins and catalase at the three HCT time points. Glutathione reductase levels were reduced at T1 compared to T0 (P = .013) and T2 (P = .001). Superoxide dismutase levels were increased from T0 to T2 (P = .013). Neither of these enzymes was associated with oral mucositis. Increased superoxide dismutase levels were associated with xerostomia frequency. Levels of this enzyme also showed significant correlation with days of xerostomia in T2 (ρ = .40, P = .002).ConclusionsSalivary antioxidant enzymes changed before and during early periods after HCT. The increase in salivary superoxide dismutase suggested partial activation of the salivary antioxidant system and was associated with xerostomia.
Arterial stiffness and microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Siasos Gerasimos , Oikonomou Evangelos , Gouliopoulos Nikolaos , Konsola Theodosia , Tsigkou Vasiliki , Moschos Marilita , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Kassi Eva , Paschou Stavroula A. , Thanopoulou Anastasia , Vavuranakis Manolis , Stone Peter , Antoniades Charalambos , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clustering of arterial stiffness with microvascular disease (MD) and their effects on the clinical outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains not fully clarified.MethodsIn a prospective study of 414 patients with T2D, we investigated the prognostic value of arterial stiffness and MD for clinical outcomes. Participants were assessed for the presence of MD (ie diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and followed‐up for a median of 30 (range 1‐60) months. The primary endpoint of the study was the composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events, that is, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality and non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke.ResultsA total of 146 (35.3%) patients had evidence of MD at baseline. In cox regression models, MD and PWV were independently associated with the composite clinical endpoint; for MD hazard ratio (HR), 3.24, 95%CI, 1.10‐9.54, P=.032, and for PWV HR, 1.20, 95%CI, 1.06‐1.36, P=.004) after adjustment for traditional risk factors, and enhanced risk discrimination and reclassification. The subgroup of patients with MD and high PWV was associated with increased incidence of the composite clinical endpoint (20.9% vs 1.8% in those with no MD & low PWV, P=.001). Importantly, absence of MD at baseline was associated with no mortality events during the follow‐up period. PWV at baseline was not associated with MD progression during follow‐up.ConclusionsThese findings support that screening for arterial stiffness and MD in the routine clinical assessment of patients with T2D may enhance prognostication and cardiovascular risk reclassification.
Automated broadcast of a predator call did not reduce predation pressure by Sugar Gliders on birds
Authors: Owens Giselle , Heinsohn Robert , Eyles Sam , Stojanovic Dejan 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFear may elicit behavioural and physiological responses in animals. We conducted a pilot study aiming to reduce bird nest predation in Tasmania by the introduced Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps) by broadcasting calls of predatory owls. We designed a solar‐powered, automated weatherproof stereo for long‐term call broadcast in a forest environment. This device may have useful applications in other environments where long‐term call broadcast is required in remote field conditions. Call broadcast did not reduce the likelihood of Sugar Glider nest predation on either active bird nests or artificial nests baited with farmed quail eggs. If we elicited fear in Sugar Glider individuals with call broadcast, this fear did not result in behavioural changes that could be exploited to achieve the conservation objective of lower predation.
Microdamage in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon
Authors: O’Brien Claire , Marr Neil , Thorpe Chavaunne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe forelimb superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is an energy‐storing tendon that is highly susceptible to injury during activities such as galloping and jumping, such that it is one of the most commonly reported causes of lameness in the performance horse. This review outlines the biomechanical and biothermal effects of strain on the SDFT and how these contribute to the accumulation of microdamage. The effect of age‐related alterations on strain response and subsequent injury risk is also considered. Given that tendon is a slowly healing and poorly regenerative tissue, prompt detection of early stages of pathology in vivo and timely adaptations to training protocols are likely to have a greater outcome than advances in treatment. Early screening tools and detection protocols could subsequently be of benefit in identifying subclinical signs of degeneration during the training programme. This provides an opportunity for preventative strategies to be implemented to minimise incidences of SDFT injury and reduce recovery periods in elite performance horses. Therefore, this review will focus on the modalities available to implement early screening and prevention protocols as opposed to methods to diagnose and treat injuries.
Lacosamide improves biochemical, genotoxic, and mitochondrial parameters after PTZ‐kindling model in mice
Authors: Lazzarotto Letícia , Pflüger Pricila , Regner Gabriela Gregory , Santos Fernanda Marcélia , Aguirre Débora Gonçalves , Brito Verônica Bidinotto , Moura Dinara Jaqueline , dos Santos Nayane Mendes , Picada Jaqueline Nascimento , Parmeggiani Belisa , Frusciante Marina Rocha , Leipnitz Guilhian , Pereira Patrícia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of lacosamide (LCM) on biochemical and mitochondrial parameters after PTZ kindling in mice. Male mice were treated on alternative days for a period of 11 days with LCM (20, 30, or 40 mg/kg), saline, or diazepam (2 mg/kg), before PTZ administration (50 mg/kg). The hippocampi were collected to evaluate free radicals, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the mitochondrial complexes I‐III, II, and II‐III, as well as Bcl‐2 and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expressions. Hippocampi, blood, and bone marrow were collected for genotoxic and mutagenic evaluations. LCM 40 mg/kg increased latency and decreased percentage of seizures, only on the 3rd day of observation. The dose of 30 mg/kg only showed positive effects on the percentage of seizures on the 2nd day of observation. LCM decreased free radicals and SOD activity and the dose of 40 mg/kg were able to increase CAT activity. LCM 30 and 40 mg/kg improved the enzymatic mitochondrial activity of the complex I‐III and LCM 30 mg/kg improved the activity of the complex II. In the comet assay, the damage induced by PTZ administration was reduced by LCM 20 and 30 mg/kg. The dose of 20 mg/kg increased COX‐2 expression while the highest dose used, 40 mg/kg, was able to reduce this expression when compared to the group treated with LCM 20 mg/kg. Although LCM did not produce the antiepileptogenic effect in vivo, it showed the neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress, bioenergetic dysfunction, and DNA damage induced by the repeated PTZ administration.
Charitable inclination and the chief executive officer's pay package
Authors: Mishra Dev R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) lifetime nonemployment experience in prominent charitable organizations to create a proxy for CEO charitable inclination, I find that charitably inclined CEOs receive a significant pay premium. The pay premium sensitivity to CEO charitable inclination is particularly pronounced for male, external, and specialist CEOs who are employed at firms that are undiversified, larger, less debt reliant, poor performing, facing high product‐market competition, and that keep nonmanipulative financial statements and demonstrate high inclination to social responsibility in the area of diversity, employee relations, and internal governance. This research contributes to the broader debate on labor market pricing of CEO characteristics.
Effects of seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio and diet on the biomineralization and growth of sea urchins and the relevance of fossil echinoderms to paleoenvironmental reconstructions
Authors: Kołbuk Dorota , Di Giglio Sarah , M’Zoudi Saloua , Dubois Philippe , Stolarski Jarosław , Gorzelak Przemysław 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt has been argued that skeletal Mg/Ca ratio in echinoderms is mostly governed by Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations in the ambient seawater. Accordingly, well‐preserved fossil echinoderms were used to reconstruct Phanerozoic seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio. However, Mg/Ca ratio in echinoderm skeleton can be affected by a number of environmental and physiological factors, the effects of which are still poorly understood. Notably, experimental data supporting the applicability of echinoderms in paleoenvironmental reconstructions remain limited. Here, we investigated the effect of ambient Mg2+/Ca2+ seawater ratio and diet on skeletal Mg/Ca ratio and growth rate in two echinoid species (Psammechinus miliaris and Prionocidaris baculosa). Sea urchins were tagged with manganese and then cultured in different Mg2+/Ca2+ conditions to simulate fluctuations in the Mg2+/Ca2+ seawater ratios in the Phanerozoic. Simultaneously, they were fed on a diet containing different amounts of magnesium. Our results show that the skeletal Mg/Ca ratio in both species varied not only between ossicle types but also between different types of stereom within a single ossicle. Importantly, the skeletal Mg/Ca ratio in both species decreased proportionally with decreasing seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio. However, sea urchins feeding on Mg‐enriched diet produced a skeleton with a higher Mg/Ca ratio. We also found that although incubation in lower ambient Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio did not affect echinoid respiration rates, it led to a decrease or inhibition of their growth. Overall, these results demonstrate that although skeletal Mg/Ca ratios in echinoderms can be largely determined by seawater chemistry, the type of diet may also influence skeletal geochemistry, which imposes constraints on the application of fossil echinoderms as a reliable proxy. The accuracy of paleoseawater Mg2+/Ca2+ calculations is further limited by the fact that Mg partition coefficients vary significantly at different scales (between species, specimens feeding on different types of food, different ossicle types, and stereom types within a single ossicle).
Brazing of SiC ceramics pretreated by chromium coating using inactive AgCu filler metal
Authors: Chen Zubin , Hu Shengpeng , Song Xiaoguo , Lei Yu , Wang Xinyuan , Long Weimin , Feng Jicai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, chromium coating conducted by magnetron sputtering was introduced to braze SiC ceramics using inactive AgCu filler metal. The results showed that reliable metallurgical bonding of SiC ceramics was obtained at 900°C for 10 minutes. SEM, XRD, and TEM were used to identify the reaction phase in the joint, and the typical interfacial microstructure was SiC/mixed CrSi2 + Cr23C6 layer/CrSi2/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)/CrSi2/mixed CrSi2 + Cr23C6 layer/SiC. The shear strength of SiC joint using chromium coating brazed with inactive AgCu filler metal was 29.6 MPa and the joint fractured at the SiC substrate entirely after shear test. The proposed active element coating method provides a feasible way to achieve the brazing of ceramics.
Hidradenitis suppurativa and chromosomal abnormalities: a case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shah Monica , Sachdeva Muskaan , Melendez‐Gonzalez Maria , Piguet Vincent , Sayed Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory follicular disorder that involves painful nodules, abscesses, and tunnels of intertriginous sites. Although the etiology has not been fully elucidated, recent studies have highlighted its association with chromosomal abnormalities.We present a rare case of HS in a patient with Trisomy 1q;13 and systematically summarize the association between HS and chromosomal abnormalities. A search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE in OVID database. Original studies reporting HS among human subjects with chromosomal abnormalities were included. Patient demographics, disease symptomology, clinical features, and treatment histories were extracted and summarized.Thirteen studies describing 428 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of the 13 articles, nine studies reported patients with HS and Down syndrome (DS), one article investigated HS and Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), and three articles analyzed HS and Patau syndrome (PS). While increased prevalence of HS was found in populations with DS, with suggested mechanisms involving amyloid precursor protein cleavage product, keratinocyte proliferation, and follicular plugging, the associations between HS and both SMS and PS remain inconclusive because of limited studies with small sample size.Although evidence suggests that the genetic regulation of chromosome 21 may be implicated in the association between HS and DS, this association may be confounded by additional factors that increase the risk of HS. Further research with larger sample sizes must be conducted to strengthen our understanding of the association between HS and chromosomal abnormalities.
Fried sweetpotato user preferences identified in Nigeria and Ghana and implications for trait evaluation
Authors: Ssali Reuben , Carey Edward , Imoro Simon , Low Jan W. , Dery Eric Kuuna , Boakye Abena , Oduro Ibok , Omodamiro Rachel M. , Yusuf Hauwa Ladi , Etwire Eunice , Iyilade Abigail O. , Adekambi Souleimane , Ali Abdullahi , Haliru Muhammad , Etwire Prince Maxwell 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFried sweetpotato quality is important for variety adoption in West Africa. To inform breeding efforts, the study developed a product profile for sweetpotato chunk fries using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Root characteristics, processing attributes, in‐mouth attributes and appearance of fried product were critical to final product quality. Raw roots should be hard, have smooth skin and no off‐odours. Peeled roots should be hard to slice and not sticky. Stickiness and moist surface indicate high moisture content, associated with excessive oil absorption during frying. Hard to slice roots connote high dry matter. Fried product should be crisp, slightly sugary and mealy, have a uniform colour with brown tint and not be soggy. Crispness, mealiness and short frying time with limited oil absorption may be functions of starch. Understanding starch characteristics and other attributes that contribute to quality fried sweetpotato is critical for breeding sweetpotato genotypes with superior quality for frying.
Global volatile signature and polyphenols patterns in Vespolina wines according to vintage
Authors: Bordiga Matteo , Perestrelo Rosa , Câmara José S. , Yang Qiong‐Qiong , Corke Harold , Travaglia Fabiano , Locatelli Monica , Arlorio Marco , Coïsson Jean Daniel 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe global volatile signature of Vespolina wines from different vintages was established using solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC‐qMS). Wines were also characterised in terms of bioactive compounds (such as individual polyphenols, biogenic amines and their precursors) by high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). In addition, some physicochemical parameters, such as the total phenolic content, total tannins and antioxidant capacity, were evaluated. Seventy‐one volatile compounds and thirty‐three bioactive compounds were identified in Vespolina wines. The application of multivariate analysis to the obtained data revealed that 2‐phenylethyl acetate, ethyl nonanoate, 2‐hexanol, isoamyl octanoate and ethyl 2‐hydroxymethylbutanoate were the primary compounds responsible for Vespolina wines classification, mainly indicative for wines of 2015 and 2013 vintages. Conversely, wines from 2008 and 2009 vintages showed highest values of procyanidin B1, catechin, gallic acid, trans‐piceid and trans‐resveratrol.
End‐user preferences for pounded yam and implications for food product profile development
Authors: Otegbayo Bolanle , Madu Tessy , Oroniran Oluyinka , Chijioke Ugo , Fawehinmi Olabisi , Okoye Benjamin , Tanimola Abiola , Adebola Patrick , Obidiegwu Jude 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPounded yam is a popular food in Nigeria. This study reports end‐user preferences for pounded yam and implications for trait evaluation by breeding programme. The study was carried out in two pounded yam‐consuming regions in Nigeria: south‐east and south‐west. Multistage sampling technique was used to collect information from users along food chain. This involved market, individual, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Responses of participants were used to develop product profile of pounded yam from raw material (yam) to final product. Key user‐preferred quality traits for pounded yam in both regions were colour and textural quality followed by taste and aroma which are lesser attributes. There were regional differences in ranking of these quality attributes but no gender difference. This information will be useful in determining food quality indicators that can be used to select breeding lines for preferred quality traits in pounded yam.
Sixty years of collection planning: what species do zoos and aquariums keep?
Authors: Brereton S. R. , Brereton J. E. 
Published: August 2020

Strategic collection planning is essential for zoos and aquariums globally. As organizations whose primary source of income may be from visitors, zoological collections may be tempted to select large, charismatic mammal species to maintain visitor interest. Zoos and aquariums aim to breed sustainable populations of species, many of which are not mammals. While zoo advertising and marketing often showcases megafauna, there is little research on the current composition of zoo collection plans or their evolution. To investigate zoo collection planning from a global perspective, we analysed the taxonomic composition of collections in theInternational Zoo Yearbook’s list of ‘Zoos and Aquariums of the World’ from 1960 until 2018. Average proportions of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates were calculated for each collection per year. Analysis revealed that in terms of species prevalence, birds were best represented, making up 31·37% of the average collection. Amphibians, by contrast, made up only 2·78% of the average zoo species. Temporal analysis revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of bird species housed in collections (P < 0·001), while a significant increase was observed for fish (P = 0·001) and invertebrates (P < 0·001). Additionally, the average number of species housed in each collection has decreased by almost a third, from 329 spp in 1960 to 225 spp in 2018. This study suggests that zoos have reduced the diversity of animals that they keep, possibly in pursuit of sustainable populations of fewer species. However, zoos and aquariums should reflect on the implications of the poor representation of the amphibian taxa.
Sharp indentation stress fields in fused silica: Finite element analysis and Yoffe analytic model
Authors: Davis Brian C. , Glaesemann G. Scott , Reimanis Ivar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe closed‐form Yoffe analytic model (1982), which superimposes two linear‐elastic stress fields, was developed as a first approximation to quantify the mechanical response of silicate glasses to sharp indentation. However, a detailed study with both experimental validation and numerical verification has yet to be published. This paper presents such a study, wherein experimental observation of crack systems in fused silica and numerical results from finite element analysis (FEA) are used to demonstrate the limitations of this analytic superimposition model. Specifically, analytic stress fields deviate from FEA numerical results and are inconsistent with several commonly observed crack systems. In contrast, FEA generated stress fields are entirely consistent with experimentally observed crack systems. Upon further investigation, it was found that the analytic model, with one tunable parameter, could not be adjusted to correlate with FEA and experimental evidence.
A computational examination of the zeta and eta phases in the hafnium nitrides
Authors: Weinberger Christopher R. , Thompson Gregory B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe hafnium‐rich portion of the of the hafnium‐nitrogen phase diagram is dominated by a substoichiometric rocksalt HfN1‐x, the ζ‐Hf4N3−x, the η‐Hf3N2−x, and the elemental Hf phase. The zeta and eta nitride phases have a close packed metal atom stacking sequence but their nitrogen atom ordering has yet to be concretely identified. With respect to the composition of these phases, recent computational studies of their phase stability using density functional theory (DFT) are not in agreement with reported experimental observations. In this work, we re‐examine the phase stability of the zeta and eta phases using DFT combined with enumerated searches using the known metal atom stacking sequences of these phases but with variable carbon concentration and ordering. We have found new structures for the zeta and eta phases that are now in better agreement with experimental findings. Furthermore, we report a new eta phase, ‐Hf12N7, which lies on the convex hull and has a nitrogen atom ordering that is substantially different from the zeta phase. This work also demonstrates the importance of configurational entropy in dictating the finite temperature phase diagrams in this system.