bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Modeling Language Supporting Model Transformations of MBSE (Part 2)
Authors: Guo Jiangmin , Wang Guoxin , Lu Jinzhi , Ma Junda , Törngren Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the increasing complexity of systems, model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) has attracted increasing attention in the industry. MBSE formalizes the whole lifecycles of products using models based on systems engineering aiming to improve the development efficiency of complex systems. Traditionally, MBSE approaches require many modeling languages in each phase of the entire lifecycle. Different syntax between such languages leads to difficulty in supporting an integrated description of transformations between models and data. Thus, it is challenged to utilize a general language to describe model formalism and transformation for architecture‐driven technology and code generation in one MBSE tool. In this paper, a multi‐architecture modeling language called Karma (introduced in Paper Part 1) is proposed to support the model transformations including architecture‐driven technology and code generation implementations in one modeling tool. Finally, from one auto‐braking case of an autonomous‐driving system, we find the availability of the Karma language supporting architecture‐driven technology and code generation is verified.
Envisioning Future Systems Engineering Principles Through a Transdisciplinary Lens
Authors: Watson Michael , Madni Azad , Mesmer Bryan , McKinney Dorothy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine systems engineering principles from a transdisciplinary perspective. The motivation for this investigation was the question “What might change in the principles captured by the INCOSE Principles team (Watson, et al, 2019) as transdisciplinary systems engineering becomes the norm?” The revised INCOSE definition of systems engineering (INCOSE 2019) recognizes transdisciplinarity as an essential part of systems engineering going forward. Looking back through millennia of engineering, it is possible to identify aspects of the practice of engineering systems which used some transdisciplinary approaches, but only recently have transdisciplinary systems engineering practices been systematically characterized and described in depth. This paper identifies areas in the understanding of systems engineering principles which can be revised to reflect transdisciplinary systems engineering more effectively. Hopefully, this will help engineering professionals implement systems engineering principles to more effectively engineer systems to meet the needs of stakeholders more cost‐effectively, with less conflict among stakeholders.
Revelation of ESIPT mechanism for the novel fluorescent system HNIBT in toluene and methanol solvents: A TDDFT study
Authors: Li Junyu , Feng Shiquan , Feng Xuechao , Yang Dapeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we devote to explore excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior for a novel fluorescent molecule naphthalimide‐based 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐benzothiazole (HNIBT) [New J. Chem. 2019, 43, 9152.] in toluene and methanol (MeOH) solvents. Exploring weak interactions, stable HNIBT‐enol, and HNIBT‐MeOH‐enol complex can be found in S0 state via TDDFT/B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level. Given photoexcitation, intramolecular hydrogen bond O1H2···N3 of HNIBT‐enol and HNIBT‐MeOH‐enol is dramatically enhanced, which offers impetus for facilitates ESIPT reaction. After repeated comparisons, we verify the unavailability of intermolecular hydrogen bonding effects between HNIBT‐enol and MeOH molecules. In view of excitation, HOMO (π) → LUMO (π*) transition and the changes of electronical densities indeed impulse ESIPT tendency. Via constructing potential energy curves (PECs), for both HNIBT‐enol and HNIBT‐MeOH‐enol complex, the ESIPT could only occur along with intramolecular hydrogen bond O1H2···N3. Through comparison, the potential barrier falls from 4.124 kcal/mol (HNIBT‐enol) to 2.132 kcal/mol (HNIBT‐MeOH‐enol). Therefore, we confirm that the ESIPT of the HNIBT system happens more easily in the MeOH solvent compared with the toluene solvent.
The effect of mindful attention training for pain modulation capacity: Exploring the mindfulness–pain link
Authors: Tsur Noga , Defrin Ruth , Haller Chiara S. , Bercovitz Katherine , Langer Ellen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveMindfulness has been shown to be beneficial for chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms of the mindfulness–pain link, however, are yet to be established. Particularly, the effects of mindfulness on pain modulation, which is shown to be dysfunctional among chronic pain patients, barely has been tested. This study investigated whether a short mindful attention training based on Langerian mindfulness mitigates reductions in pain modulation.MethodSystemic quantitative‐somatosensory testing of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was conducted in 60 undergraduates, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Pain‐specific mindful attention training; (2) nonspecific mindful attention training; and (3) no mindful attention training. CPM was tested before and after the intervention.ResultsAs hypothesized, a reduction in CPM magnitude was observed only in the control group, whereas this reduction was abolished in the two mindfulness groups.ConclusionsLangerian mindfulness may mitigate pain modulation reduction as observed in chronic pain, thus shedding light on its potential advantages.
Melatonin alleviates LPS‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Yang Donghui , Wei Yudong , Lu Qizhong , Qin Dezhe , Zhang Mengfei , Du Xiaomin , Xu Wenjing , Yu Xiuwei , He Chen , Li Na , Peng Sha , Li Guangpeng , Hua Jinlian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrchitis is one of the leading causes of male animal infertility and is associated with inflammatory reactions caused by the bacterium. It has been reported that there is a mutual coupling effect between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammatory response. Our studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could cause testicular damages, apoptosis, ERS, and inflammatory responses in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs); ERS‐related apoptosis proteins were activated and the expression of ERS genes was significantly upregulated; meanwhile, the expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 and inflammation factors was apparently increased with LPS treatment. Moreover, melatonin (MEL) could rescue testicular damage, and significantly inhibited the expression of ERS‐related apoptosis genes, ERS markers, and inflammatory factors in SSCs and MEL played repairing and anti‐infection roles in LPS‐induced testicular damage. Therefore, MEL may be used as a drug to prevent and control bacterial infections in male reproductive systems. However, the specific molecular mechanism of MEL to resist ERS and inflammatory response remains to be further studied.
Modeling the kinetics of manure‐borne fecal indicator removal in runoff
Authors: Stocker M. D. , Hill R. L. , Pachepsky Y. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral manure‐borne microorganism removal models have been developed to provide accurate estimations of the number of microorganisms removed from manure or manured soils undergoing rainfall. It has been commonly assumed that these models perform equally well when used to simulate microbe removal in runoff from manures of different consistency and levels of weathering. The objectives of this work were (a) to observe kinetics of the removal of Escherichia coli and enterococci with runoff for two different manure consistencies and three manure weathering durations, and (b) to compare performance of the log‐linear, Vadas–Kleinman–Sharpley, and Bradford–Shijven models in simulation of the observed kinetics. Liquid and solid dairy manure were applied to grassed soil boxes that received simulated rainfall immediately after application and subsequently at 1 and 2 wk. Runoff samples were collected for 1 h at increasing time intervals during each event. Only the effective rainfall depth at the start of runoff was significantly affected by manure consistency (p = .033), whereas other parameters were not (p > .05). Substantial differences in microorganism removal kinetics during the initial, 1‐, and 2‐wk rainfall events were manifested by the significant (p < .05) effect of the degree of manure weathering in about 70% of cases. The log‐linear model produced the largest fitting error especially during the initial rainfall event. The Vadas–Kleinman–Sharpley model and the Bradford–Schijven model were comparable in accuracy for all events. The latter model was slightly more accurate, and the former model had better expressed dependencies of parameter values on manure weathering. Ignoring manure weathering may lead to incorrect parameterization of manure removal models.
The maximum number of maximum dissociation sets in trees
Authors: Tu Jianhua , Zhang Zhipeng , Shi Yongtang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA subset of vertices is a maximum independent set if no two of the vertices are adjacent and the subset has maximum cardinality. A subset of vertices is called a maximum dissociation set if it induces a subgraph with vertex degree at most 1, and the subset has maximum cardinality. Zito proved that the maximum number of maximum independent sets of a tree of order is if is odd, and if is even and also characterized all extremal trees with the most maximum independent sets, which solved a question posed by Wilf. Inspired by the results of Zito, in this paper, by establishing four structure theorems and a result of ‐König–Egerváry graph, we show that the maximum number of maximum dissociation sets in a tree of order is
and also give complete structural descriptions of all extremal trees on which these maxima are achieved.
The feasibility of recruiting and retaining men who have sex with men and transgender women in a multinational prospective HIV prevention research cohort study in sub‐Saharan Africa (HPTN 075)
Authors: Sandfort Theodorus GM , L Hamilton Erica , Marais Anita , Guo Xu , Sugarman Jeremy , Chen Ying Q , Cummings Vanessa , Dadabhai Sufia , Dominguez Karen , Panchia Ravindre , Schnabel David , Zulu Fatima , Reynolds Doerieyah , Radebe Oscar , Mbeda Calvin , Kamba Dunker , Kanyemba Brian , Ogendo Arthur , Stirratt Michael , Chege Wairimu , Lucas Jonathan , Fawzy Maria , McKinstry Laura A , Eshleman Susan H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are profoundly affected by HIV with high HIV prevalence and incidence. This population also faces strong social stigma and legal barriers, potentially impeding participation in research. To date, few multi‐country longitudinal HIV research studies with MSM/TGW have been conducted in SSA. Primary objective of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 study was to assess feasibility of recruiting and retaining a multinational prospective cohort of MSM/TGW in SSA for HIV prevention research.MethodsHPTN 075, conducted from 2015 to 2017, was designed to enroll 400 MSM/TGW at four sites in SSA (100 per site: Kisumu, Kenya; Blantyre, Malawi; Cape Town, South Africa; and Soweto, South Africa). The number of HIV‐positive persons was capped at 20 per site; HIV‐positive persons already in care were excluded from participation. The one‐year study included five biobehavioural assessments. Community‐based input and risk mitigation protocols were included in study design and conduct.ResultsOf 624 persons screened, 401 were enrolled. One in five participants was classified as transgender. Main reasons for ineligibility included: (a) being HIV positive after the cap was reached (29.6%); (b) not reporting anal intercourse with a man in the preceding three months (20.6%); and (c) being HIV positive and already in care (17.5%). Five (1.2%) participants died during the study (unrelated to study participation). 92.9% of the eligible participants (368/396) completed the final study visit and 86.1% participated in all visits. The main, overlapping reasons for early termination included being (a) unable to adhere to the visit schedule, predominantly because of relocation (46.4%), and (b) unable to contact the participant (32.1%). Participants reported strong motivation to participate and few participation barriers. Four participants reported social harms (loss of confidentiality and sexual harassment by study staff) that were successfully addressed.ConclusionsHPTN 075 successfully enrolled a multinational sample of MSM/TGW in SSA in a prospective HIV prevention research study with a high retention rate and few documented social harms. This supports the feasibility of conducting large‐scale research trials in this population to address its urgent, unmet HIV prevention needs.
Online socializing among men who have sex with men and transgender people in Nairobi and Johannesburg and implications for public health‐related research and health promotion: an analysis of qualitative and respondent‐driven sampling survey data
Authors: Fearon Elizabeth , Bourne Adam , Tenza Siyanda , Palanee‐Phillips Thesla , Kabuti Rhoda , Weatherburn Peter , Nutland Will , Kimani Joshua , Smith Adrian D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is little published literature about gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender individuals (MSM and TG)’s use of social media in sub‐Saharan Africa, despite repressive social and/or criminalizing contexts that limit access to physical HIV prevention. We sought to describe MSM and TG’s online socializing in Nairobi and Johannesburg, identifying the characteristics of those socializing online and those not, in order to inform the development of research and health promotion in online environments.MethodsRespondent‐driven sampling surveys were conducted in 2017 in Nairobi (n = 618) and Johannesburg (n = 301) with those reporting current male gender identity or male sex assigned at birth and sex with a man in the last 12 months. Online socializing patterns, sociodemographic, sexual behaviour and HIV‐testing data were collected. We examined associations between social media use and sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviours among all, and only those HIV‐uninfected, using logistic regression. Analyses were RDS‐II weighted. Thirty qualitative interviews were conducted with MSM and TG in each city, which examined the broader context of and motivations for social media use.ResultsMost MSM and TG had used social media to socialize with MSM in the last month (60% Johannesburg, 71% Nairobi), mostly using generic platforms (e.g. Facebook), but also gay‐specific (e.g. Grindr). HIV‐uninfected MSM and TG reporting riskier recent sexual behaviours had raised odds of social media use in Nairobi, including receptive anal intercourse (adjusted OR = 2.15, p = 0.006), buying (aOR = 2.24, p = 0.015) and selling sex with men (aOR = 2.17, p = 0.004). Evidence for these associations was weaker in Johannesburg, though socializing online was associated with condomless anal intercourse (aOR = 3.67, p = 0.003) and active syphilis (aOR = 13.50, p = 0.016). Qualitative findings indicated that while online socializing can limit risk of harm inherent in face‐to‐face interactions, novel challenges were introduced, including context collapse and a fear of blackmail.ConclusionsMost MSM and TG in these cities socialize online regularly. Users reported HIV acquisition risk behaviours, yet this space is not fully utilized for sexual health promotion and research engagement. Effective, safe and acceptable means of using online channels to engage with MSM/TG that account for MSM and TG’s strategies and concerns for managing online security should now be explored, as complements or alternatives to existing outreach.
HIV infection and engagement in HIV care cascade among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Twahirwa Rwema Jean Olivier , Lyons Carrie E , Herbst Sara , Liestman Benjamin , Nyombayire Julien , Ketende Sosthenes , Mazzei Amelia , Olawore Oluwasolape , Nsanzimana Sabin , Mugwaneza Placidie , Kagaba Aflodis , Sullivan Patrick S , Allen Susan , Karita Etienne , Baral Stefan D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionGiven intersecting biological, network and structural risks, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) consistently have a high burden of HIV. Although MSM are a key population in Rwanda, there are limited epidemiologic data to guide programming. This study aimed to characterize HIV prevalence and care cascade among MSM and TGW in Kigali.MethodsMSM and TGW ≥ 18 years were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) from March–August 2018 in Kigali. Participants underwent a structured interview including measures of individual, network and structural determinants. HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) including syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were tested. Viral load was measured for MSM living with HIV. Robust Poisson regression was used to characterize the determinants of HIV infection and engagement in the HIV treatment cascade.ResultsA total of 736 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 27 years (range:18 to 68) and 14% (106) were TGW. HIV prevalence was 10% (RDS‐adjusted: 9.2% (95% CI: 6.4 to 12.1)). Unadjusted prevalence of any STI was 20% (147); syphilis: 5.7% (42); CT: 9.1% (67) and NG: 8.8% (65). Anticipated (41%), perceived (36%) and enacted stigmas (45%) were common and higher among TGW (p < 0.001). In multivariable RDS adjusted analysis, higher age (aPR: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.12)) and ever having sex with women (aPR: 3.39 (95% CI: 1.31 to 8.72)) were positively associated with prevalent HIV. Being circumcised (aPR: 0.52 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.9)) was negatively associated with prevalent HIV infection.Overall, 61% (45/74) of respondents reported knowing their HIV‐positive status. Among these, 98% (44/45) reported antiretroviral therapy use (ART); 75% (33/44) were virally suppressed using a cut‐off of <200 copies/mL. Of the 29 participants who did not report any previous HIV diagnosis or ART use, 38% (11/29) were virally suppressed. Cumulatively, 59% (44/74) of all participants living with HIV were virally suppressed.ConclusionsThese data show a high burden of HIV among MSM/TGW in Kigali, Rwanda. Bisexual concurrency was common and associated with prevalent HIV infection, demonstrating the need of comprehensive screening for all sexual practices and preferences in the provision of comprehensive HIV prevention services in Rwanda. Viral suppression was below the UNAIDS target suggesting poor adherence and potential ART resistance. There is a need for adherence support, screening for primary and secondary ART resistance and stigma mitigation interventions to optimize HIV‐related outcomes for MSM in Rwanda.
Normal reference ranges for urinary δ‐aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen levels
Authors: Agarwal Sagar , Habtemarium Bahru , Xu Yuanxin , Simon Amy R. , Kim Jae B. , Robbie Gabriel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is a family of rare, serious, and potentially life‐threatening metabolic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in hepatic heme biosynthesis. AHP is characterized by accumulation of neurotoxic heme intermediates, δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and porphobilinogen (PBG), which are thought to be causal for the disease manifestations. Novel therapeutic treatments such as givosiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that was recently approved for treatment of adults with AHP, are focused on reducing the levels of ALA and PBG in patients toward levels observed in a healthy population. While there are two published reports on the distribution of urinary ALA and PBG levels in healthy subjects, these lacked the required details to enable the calculation of reference limits for ALA and PBG. Therefore, urinary ALA and PBG levels were quantified in 150 healthy subjects using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method that is highly sensitive, specific, accurate, and reproducible. These data were used to establish the upper limit of normal (ULN) values for ALA and PBG as 1.47 and 0.137 mmol/mol Cr, respectively. Relative to these ULN values, baseline urinary ALA and PBG levels in AHP patients were found to be 9.3‐ to 12‐fold, and 238‐ to 336‐fold higher, respectively. Results from this study can serve as a guide to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in lowering ALA and PBG.
Evidence of central nervous system infection and neuroinvasive routes, as well as neurological involvement, in the lethality of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Liu Jia‐Mei , Tan Bai‐Hong , Wu Shuang , Gui Yue , Suo Jia‐Le , Li Yan‐Chao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has become a significant and urgent threat to global health. This review provided strong support for central nervous system (CNS) infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and shed light on the neurological mechanism underlying the lethality of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Among the published data, only 1.28% COVID‐19 patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in CSF. However, this does not mean the absence of CNS infection in most COVID‐19 patients because postmortem studies revealed that some patients with CNS infection showed negative results in CSF tests for SARS‐CoV‐2. Among 20 neuropathological studies reported so far, SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in the brain of 58 cases in nine studies, and three studies have provided sufficient details on the CNS infection in COVID‐19 patients. Almost all in vitro and in vivo experiments support the neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV‐2. In infected animals, SARS‐CoV‐2 was found within neurons in different brain areas with a wide spectrum of neuropathology, consistent with the reported clinical symptoms in COVID‐19 patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2 used the hematopoietic route to enter the CNS. But more evidence supports the trans‐neuronal hypothesis. SARS‐CoV‐2 has been found to invade the brain via the olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal pathways, especially at the early stage of infection. Severe COVID‐19 patients with neurological deficits are at a higher risk of mortality, and only the infected animals showing neurological symptoms became dead, suggesting that neurological involvement may be one cause of death.
Beyond depletion: Daily self‐control motivation as an explanation of self‐control failure at work
Authors: Wehrt Wilken , Casper Anne , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe organizational self‐control literature usually applies resource perspectives that explain self‐control failure at work by depletion of self‐control resources. However, these perspectives neglect the role of self‐control motivation. On a daily level, we examine several self‐control aspects (resources, motivation, demands, and effort) as predictors of a manifestation of self‐control failure at work, namely, daily counterproductive work behavior toward the organization (CWB‐O). Additionally, we investigate self‐control effort as a mechanism predicting the depletion of self‐control resources throughout the day. We analyzed data from 155 employees in a 2‐week diary study with 2 daily measurement points. Multilevel path modeling showed that self‐control motivation and self‐control demands, but not self‐control resource depletion, predicted self‐control effort. There was an indirect effect from self‐control motivation on CWB‐O via self‐control effort but no indirect effect from self‐control demands on self‐control resource depletion throughout the day via self‐control effort. Findings suggest that self‐control motivation is a crucial factor explaining self‐control failure at work and cast further doubt on the idea that exerted self‐control effort is the only mechanism leading to self‐control resource depletion.