bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Selected Phthalates in Some Commercial Cosmetic Products by HPLC-UV
Authors: Dural Emrah 
Published: June 2020

Aim and scope:
Due to the serious toxicological risks and their widespread use,
quantitative determination of phthalates in cosmetic products have importance for public health.
The aim of this study was to develop a validated simple, rapid and reliable high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of phthalates which are; dimethyl phthalate
(DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), in cosmetic products and to investigate these phthalate (PHT) levels
in 48 cosmetic products marketing in Sivas, Turkey.

Materials and Methods:
Separation was achieved by a reverse-phase ACE-5 C18 column (4.6 x
250 mm, 5.0 μm). As the mobile phase, 5 mM KH2PO4 and acetonitrile were used gradiently at 1.5
ml min-1. All PHT esters were detected at 230 nm and the run time was taking 21 minutes.

Results:
This method showed the high sensitivity value the limit of quantification (LOQ) values
for which are below 0.64 μg mL-1 of all phthalates. Method linearity was ≥0.999 (r2). Accuracy and
precision values of all phthalates were calculated between (-6.5) and 6.6 (RE%) and ≤6.2 (RSD%),
respectively. Average recovery was between 94.8% and 99.6%. Forty-eight samples used for both
babies and adults were successfully analyzed by the developed method. Results have shown that,
DMP (340.7 μg mL-1 ±323.7), DEP (1852.1 μg mL-1 ± 2192.0), and DBP (691.3 μg mL-1 ± 1378.5)
were used highly in nail polish, fragrance and cream products, respectively.

Conclusion:
Phthalate esters, which are mostly detected in the content of fragrance, cream and nail
polish products and our research in general, are DEP (1852.1 μg mL-1 ± 2192.0), DBP (691.3 μg
mL-1 ± 1378.5) and DMP (340.7 μg mL-1 ±323.7), respectively. Phthalates were found in the
content of all 48 cosmetic products examined, and the most detected phthalates in general average
were DEP (581.7 μg mL-1 + 1405.2) with a rate of 79.2%. The unexpectedly high phthalate content
in the examined cosmetic products revealed a great risk of these products on human health. The
developed method is a simple, sensitive, reliable and economical alternative for the determination
of phthalates in the content of cosmetic products, it can be used to identify phthalate esters in
different products after some modifications.
The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Gupta Anshita , Kaur Chanchal Deep 
Published: June 2020

Background:Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues.Objective:The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions.Conclusion:Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.
A Method for the Assessment of Mitral Valve Regurgitation Grade and Severity
Authors: El Oakley Reida M. , Almanfi Abdelkader 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Previous grading and severity scores of MR were based on a mix of objective echocardiographic data and subjective findings such as the presence or absence of symptoms. There is a need for a grade - and a severity -score for Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR) that is based purely on objective findings and avoids the ambiguity of labelling the same degree of MR differently according to symptoms severity and/or the underlying etiology.

Methods:
We reviewed published reports regarding MR severity and grades and provided a method for the assessment of MR severity and grades based purely on objective data regardless of the symptom(s) and/or underlying cause(s) of MR. Objective Echocardiographic and/or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) findings of Vena Contracta (VC) size in cm2, Effective Regurgitant Orifice area (ERO) in cm2, Effective Regurgitant Volume (ERV) in mls/beat, and Regurgitation Fraction (RF) as a percentage of the left ventricular stroke volume, were given a score value of A, B, C or D with increasing severity, thus ranging from the mildest degree“A” to most severe “D”.

Results:
As summarized in Table 4, MR severity ranged between 4 “As” to 4 “Ds”. Further elaboration regarding the parameter(s) most severely affected may be added to the score value, e.g., scoring MR with a VC = 0.60 cm2 associated with EROA = 0.4cm2, ERV = 60mls and RF = 45% will be 2D (EROA and ERV) MR, thereby avoiding overlap between various degrees of MR and/or further data manipulation to make other parameters fit one grade of MR or another.

Conclusion:
Applying this scoring/grading system to Echocardiographic and/or CMR studies of patients with mitral valve regurgitation will enhance our endeavors to use a clear and unified language regarding MR severity without compromising the quality of Echocardiographic or CMR findings and/or reporting.
Neutralizing epitope of the Fusion Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Embedded in the HA Molecule of LAIV Virus is not Sufficient to Prevent RS Virus Pulmonary Replication but Ameliorates Lung Pathology following RSV Infection in Mice
Authors: Kotomina Tatiana , Isakova-Sivak Irina , Stepanova Ekaterina , Mezhenskaya Daria , Matyushenko Victoria , Prokopenko Polina , Sivak Konstantin , Kiseleva Irina , Rudenko Larisa 
Published: June 2020

Aims:To develop experimental bivalent vaccines against influenza and RSV using a cold-adapted LAIV backbone.Background:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a causative agent of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children, elderly and immunocompromised adults. No vaccine against RSV has been licensed to date for various reasons. One of the promising platforms for designing RSV vaccine is the use of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) viruses to deliver RSV epitopes to the respiratory mucosa.Objective:To generate recombinant LAIV viruses encoding a neutralizing epitope of the RSV fusion protein and assess their protective potential against both influenza and RSV infections in a mouse model.Methods:Reverse genetics methods were used to rescue recombinant LAIV+HA/RSV viruses expressing chimeric hemagglutinins encoding the RSV-F epitope at its N-terminus using two different flexible linkers. BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized with two doses of the recombinant viruses and then challenged with the influenza virus or RSV. The LAIV viral vector and formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) were included as control vaccines. Protection was assessed by the reduction of virus pulmonary titers. In addition, RSV-induced lung pathology was evaluated by histopathology studies.Results:Two rescued chimeric LAIV+HA/RSV viruses were identical to the LAIV vector in terms of replication capacityin vitroandin vivo. The RSV-F neutralizing epitope was successfully expressed only if inserted into the HA molecule via G-linker, but not A-linker. Both chimeric viruses induced high influenza-specific antibody levels and fully protected mice against a lethal influenza challenge virus. However, they induced weak anti-RSV antibody responses which did not prevent RS virus replication upon challenge, and only LAIV-HA+G-RSV variant protected mice against RSV-induced lung pathology.Conclusion:Although the designed LAIV-RSV chimeric viruses were unable to neutralize the RS virus pulmonary replication, the LAIV-HA+G-RSV reduced RSV-induced lung pathology and can be considered a promising bivalent vaccine against influenza and RSV infections and warrants its further development.
Analysis of Commission Forensic-medical Examinations performed in Cases Concerning the Responsibility of Surgical Professional Doctors
Authors: Kozan Natalia , Voloshynovych Volodymyr , Kotsyubynska Yuliia , Zelenchuk Halyna , Tsikhivskyi Andrii 
Published: June 2020

The objective of the research was the analysis of the structure of the commission of forensic medical examinations concerning professional offenses of medical professionals of the surgical profile according to the data of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise for the period 2015-2019.
Materials and methods. The material of the study were the annual reports of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise (Commission Department) and criminal case materials. Obtained data were processed using Microsoft Exel, Statistica 6.0.
Results. It was found that forensic medical examinations in case of improper performance of professional duties by medical workers accounted for a relatively small part 71 (14.3%) of the total forensic medical expertise. After the performed analysis, it was found that the doctors made diagnostic, therapeutic, organizational-tactical, deontological and combined errors that had a direct (29%) or indirect (26%) connection with the onset of death or adverse effects on the patient’s health. In 45% of cases, there was no correlation between the doctor’s actions and the occurrence of adverse effects for the patient.
Conclusions. The number of cases for improper performance of professional duties by medical workers is significantly higher in surgeons and obstetricians-gynecologists than in doctors of therapeutic profile. Every year, the complexity of commission forensic medical examinations in case of improper performance of professional duties by medical workers increases. This is due to the increasing complexity of surgical interventions and instrumental examination methods, as well as the increasing legal literacy of the population.
Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Disease-Free Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Volkogon Andrii , Kolnoguz Olena , Harbuzova Viktoriia , Ataman Alexander 
Published: June 2020

The objective of the research was to study the possible association between MALAT1 gene rs3200401 polymorphism and the survival of patients with bladder cancer and clinicopathological characteristics in bladder cancer.
Materials and Methods. The venous blood of 141 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was used for study. Genotyping of MALAT1 gene rs3200401 polymorphism was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) and Taq-Man Assays (TaqMan® SNP Assay C_3246069_10). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package (version 17.0). The Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression were used to check the possible association between MALAT1 rs3200401-genotypes and the age of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder onset. P values ​​< 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results. The obtained results revealed that hemoglobin concentration was lower in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and rs3200401TT-genotype than in patients with rs3200401CC-genotype (p=0.024). Herewith, fasting glucose, creatinine concentration, and tumor width were significantly higher in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and rs3200401TT-genotype as compared to rs3200401CC-genotype carriers (p = 0.036, p = 0.039, p = 0.028, respectively). The results of survival analysis demonstrated that transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder occurred much later in persons with rs3200401TT-genotype as compared to rs3200401C-allele carriers (log rank p = 0.016), and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder onset was lower in individuals with rs3200401TT than in major rs3200401C C-allele carriers (hazard ratio = 0.413; p = 0.047).
Conclusions. Rs3200401 polymorphism of MALAT1 gene is associated with disease-free survival in Ukrainian patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder occurs later in persons with rs3200401TT-genotype than in individuals with rs3200401CC- and rs3200401CT-genotypes.
Documentary narrative for a new understanding of a stigmatized public space
Authors: Cyrulnik Natacha 
Published: June 2020

Following on from an audiovisual project carried out over fifteen years in cities in the
South of France, the tourist sites are now being filmed as part of a new documentary series, in an
attempt to better understand daily life in these easily stigmatised areas by telling the story. The
aim is both to apprehend the public space from an urban (Paquot, 2009) and media (Habermas,
1978) point of view, in order to try to better understand it (Niney, 2000). The creative documentary
offers both a device (Agamben, 2007) and the possibility of sharing an experience through
art (Dewey, 1915) that encourages a sensitive approach to the tourist territory. It requires the narration
of a territory in images and sounds, whether through the words of tourists (Augé, 1997)
or travellers (Paquot, 2014) or through behaviour in “family films” (Odin, 1995), for example.
This narrative of a territory is based on the relationship that man establishes with the tourist site.
Thus, in a way, he fictionalises a reality by asserting a point of view. In this way, it allows a more or
less imaginary journey for the person who experiences it, as well as for the spectator in the end.
Persepsi Perokok Terhadap Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (Tinjauan Sistematis)
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Djannah Sitti Nur 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK
Rokok menjadi permasalahan yang mengancam kelangsungan hidup generasi di Indonesia. Konsumsi rokokterus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan saat ini Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke tiga dunia dengan jumlah perokok tertinggi setelah China dan India. Pemerintah telah membuat berbagai kebijakan strategis yang secara bertahap diharapkan mampu menekan jumlah perokok secara signifikan. Pemberlakuan kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR) merupakan salah satu peta jalan pengendalian dampak konsumsi rokok yang diatur oleh Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 40 tahun 2013. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah systematic review dengan mengambil sumber data pada jurnal portal garuda Ristekdikti yang diunduh pada 2 Januari 2020 sampai dengan 19 Januari 2020. Didapatkan 39 artikel yang sesuai. Setelah dilakukan seleksi dan identifikasi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, terdapat 10 artikel yang ditelaah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi perokok terhadap kawasan tanpa rokok cukup baik dan perokok menyetujui pemberlakuan kawasan tanpa rokok. Pemberlakuan kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok mampu mengendalikan perilaku merokok khususnya di instansi yang memberlakukan kawasan tanpa rokok
Kata kunci : Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Perilaku Merokok, Bahaya Rokok, Rokok
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective Potential of Coriandrum sativum L. against hepatic injury by Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide
Authors: DJAHRA Ali Boutlelis , BENKADDOUR Mounia , BENKHERARA Salah , OUAHIBA Bordjiba 
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aerial part and seeds of Coriandrum sativum plant against Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide. Male Wistar Albinos rats were randomly divided into control, LCT, CsA, CsS, CsS+LCT, CsA+LCT groups, after 90 days of treatments Biochemical, some oxidative stress parameters, and histopathology of liver tissue were evaluated. Total polyphenol content in aerial part and the seed extract estimated at 9.29 and 14.64 mg EAG / mg of extract and IC50 for an antioxidant activity equal to 19.38 and 22.62 mg/ml respectively. The obtained results revealed that rats received Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide showed a significant change in enzymes activity (AST, ALT, ALP and c-GT) and Glutathione (GSH) in liver. Meanwhile content of hepatic Malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology examination of liver revealed that Coriandrum sativum attenuate the incidence of liver lesions triggered by Lambda cyhalothrin intoxication. Therefore, the results of this study show that Coriandrum sativum can be proposed to protect the liver against Lambda cyhalothrin induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect.
Keywords: hepatoprotective, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum L., Lambda cyhalothrin, Oxidative stress.
Privacy-Preserving Information Sharing within an Audit Firm
Authors: Kogan Alexander , Yin Cheng 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the possibility of sharing contemporaneous firm-level information within an audit firm in a privacy-preserving manner. We develop a number of sharing schemes for utilizing contemporaneous accounting information from peer companies without violating clients' confidentiality and observe significant improvements in both estimation accuracy and error detection performance. To satisfy different levels of privacy protection, we propose different sharing schemes by utilizing auditors' self-generated expectations, and the results show that the benefits to auditors from only sharing self-generated estimation residuals (errors) are comparable to that from sharing predicted or actual accounting numbers. To satisfy stricter privacy concerns, we also propose a series of schemes based on sharing categorical information derived from prediction errors. Finally, we use Borda counts to analyze how the choice of the best model changes depending on the cost of errors within different experimental settings.
CEO Employment Contract Horizon and Financial Reporting Discretion
Authors: Gong Guojin , Wang Juan , Lee Hyun Jung (JoAnn) 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of employment contract horizon on managers' discretion in financial reporting. During the contract horizon, the board learns about a new CEO's ability from realized firm performance and uses this information to determine whether to renew or terminate the CEO's contract. Economic theory suggests that the informational value of firm performance to the board's learning declines over time as the board's estimate of the CEO's ability becomes more precise; this motivates a CEO to overstate earnings more aggressively during the earlier stage of the contract horizon. Consistently, we find more (less) aggressive earnings overstatement during the earlier (later) stage of the first contract horizon. This finding is stronger for CEOs who have greater concerns over contract termination and CEOs who have greater flexibility to manipulate earnings. Our evidence suggests that the CEO employment contract horizon has a significant impact on managerial discretion in financial reporting.
JEL Classification: G34; J41; M40; M41.
Understanding the Determinants of Analyst Target Price Implied Returns
Authors: Dechow Patricia M. , You Haifeng 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the determinants of analysts' target price implied returns and the implication of our findings for investment decision-making. We identify four broad sets of factors that help explain the cross-sectional variation in target price implied returns: future realized stock returns, errors in forecasting fundamentals, errors in forecasting the expected return to risk, and biases relating to analysts' incentives. Our results suggest that all four sets help explain target price implied returns, with errors in forecasting the expected return to empirical risk proxies having the greatest impact. Collectively, these variables explain nearly a quarter of the cross-sectional variation in target price implied returns. We use our model to predict the optimistic bias in target price implied returns and evaluate whether investors correctly ignore the predictable bias. The results suggest that investors make similar valuation errors to analysts and/or do not perfectly back out the predicted bias in target prices.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; G14.
Man’s Helplessness Against Destiny in Ernest Hemingway’s The Oldman and The Sea
Authors: Bhai Solanki Dr Mayurkumar Mukund 
Published: June 2020

Ernest Hemingway, an American writer, produced considerable novels in the history of English literature. Hemingway’s The Oldman and the Sea is a story of an old man's struggle and his helplessness against destiny. Like Greek tragedians, Hemingway accepts the harshness of destiny in man’s life. It is very well said “Man proposes and God disposes" that denotes the role of destiny in man's life. The story of The Oldman and the Sea is universal because it reveals how human beings struggle to get something in life but sometimes crushed under the wheels of destiny. The old man has an indomitable spirit and sea experience yet he is unable to catch the fish for a few days. One day, he caught the big fish called the Marlin but it was too big for him to drag to the shore. The Old man tried to drag the Marlin to the shore but in a midway, its blood attracted the Sharks and he brought only its skeleton on the shore. So Hemingway talks about the helplessness of man against destiny through the character of an old man. This paper is a sincere effort to display man's helplessness against destiny through the character of an old man.
Ernest Miller Hemingway is known as Ernest Hemingway in English literature, was an American journalist, novelist, short story writer and sportsman. Hemingway wrote seven novels during his lifetime and among them, the popular novels are The Sun Also Rises, Farewell to Arms, and The Old man and the Sea. The Old man and the Sea brought him a good name and fame in literature. Hemingway’s works mainly deal with the themes of love, war, wilderness, and loss. Farewell to Arms deals with the theme of the futility of war. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway says, "The world breaks everyone and afterwards many are strong in broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.” (en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest _ Hemingway) It seems that there is always conflict between good and evil in this world but some people remain strong in broken places. The greater power called destiny crushes everyone under its wheels impartially. In this connection, Omar Khayyam writes: