bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Search of the Origins of Consciousness
Authors: Birch Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Evolution of the Sensitive Soul is a landmark attempt to make progress on the problem of animal consciousness. Ginsburg and Jablonka propose a general cognitive marker of the presence of consciousness: Unlimited Associative Learning. They use this marker to defend a generous view about the distribution of consciousness in the natural world, on which a capacity for conscious experience is common to all vertebrates, many arthropods and some cephalopod molluscs. They use this inferred distribution to defend a view about the evolution of consciousness, on which it has evolved at least three times, first evolved at around the time of the Cambrian explosion (just over 500 million years ago), and was in fact the driving force behind that explosion. In this essay review, I reflect critically on the book’s central idea: the proposal that Unlimited Associative Learning provides a general marker of consciousness.
The Mitochondria-Targeted Methylglyoxal Sequestering Compound, MitoGamide, Is Cardioprotective in the Diabetic Heart
Authors: Tate Mitchel , Higgins Gavin C. , De Blasio Miles J. , Lindblom Runa , Prakoso Darnel , Deo Minh , Kiriazis Helen , Park Min , Baeza-Garza Carlos D. , Caldwell Stuart T. , Hartley Richard C. , Krieg Thomas , Murphy Michael P. , Coughlan Melinda T. , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Methylglyoxal, a by-product of glycolysis and a precursor in the formation of advanced glycation end-products, is significantly elevated in the diabetic myocardium. Therefore, we sought to investigate the mitochondria-targeted methylglyoxal scavenger, MitoGamide, in an experimental model of spontaneous diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods
Male 6-week-old Akita or wild type mice received daily oral gavage of MitoGamide or vehicle for 10 weeks. Several morphological and systemic parameters were assessed, as well as cardiac function by echocardiography.

Results
Akita mice were smaller in size than wild type counterparts in terms of body weight and tibial length. Akita mice exhibited elevated blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Total heart and individual ventricles were all smaller in Akita mice. None of the aforementioned parameters was impacted by MitoGamide treatment. Echocardiographic analysis confirmed that cardiac dimensions were smaller in Akita hearts. Diastolic dysfunction was evident in Akita mice, and notably, MitoGamide treatment preferentially improved several of these markers, including e′/a′ ratio and E/e′ ratio.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that MitoGamide, a novel mitochondria-targeted approach, offers cardioprotection in experimental diabetes and therefore may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes.
A Relation Between Autism Traits and Gender Self-concept: Evidence from Explicit and Implicit Measures
Authors: Kallitsounaki Aimilia , Williams David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender identity difficulties has been suggested. In this study, we found that, among adults from the general population (N = 101) ASD traits (measured using the Autism-spectrum Quotient) were associated negatively and significantly with the strength of both explicit gender self-concept (measured using the Personal Attributes Questionnaire) and implicit gender self-concept (measured using an Implicit Association Task). Further analyses showed that a subgroup with high/clinically significant ASD traits showed significantly weaker explicit and implicit gender self-concepts than a subgroup with low ASD traits. Results were similar in both males and females, although there was some evidence of a selective influence of ASD traits on implicit gender self-concept among females only.
Graphs with equal domination and covering numbers
Authors: Lingas Andrzej , Miotk Mateusz , Topp Jerzy , Żyliński Paweł 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A dominating set of a graph G is a set $$D\subseteq V_G$$D⊆VG such that every vertex in $$V_G-D$$VG-D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D, and the domination number $$\gamma (G)$$γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A set $$C\subseteq V_G$$C⊆VG is a covering set of G if every edge of G has at least one vertex in C. The covering number $$\beta (G)$$β(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a covering set of G. The set of connected graphs G for which $$\gamma (G)=\beta (G)$$γ(G)=β(G) is denoted by $${\mathcal {C}}_{\gamma =\beta }$$Cγ=β, whereas $${\mathcal {B}}$$B denotes the set of all connected bipartite graphs in which the domination number is equal to the cardinality of the smaller partite set. In this paper, we provide alternative characterizations of graphs belonging to $${\mathcal {C}}_{\gamma =\beta }$$Cγ=β and $${\mathcal {B}}$$B. Next, we present a quadratic time algorithm for recognizing bipartite graphs belonging to $${\mathcal {B}}$$B, and, as a side result, we conclude that the algorithm of Arumugam et al. (Discrete Appl Math 161:1859–1867, 2013) allows to recognize all the graphs belonging to the set $${\mathcal {C}}_{\gamma =\beta }$$Cγ=β in quadratic time either. Finally, we consider the related problem of patrolling grids with mobile guards, and show that it can be solved in $$O(n \log n + m)$$O(nlogn+m) time, where n is the number of line segments of the input grid and m is the number of its intersection points.
Genetic polymorphism of drug metabolism enzymes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) in the healthy Malian population
Authors: Kassogue Yaya , Diakite Brehima , Kassogue Oumar , Konate Issa , Tamboura Kadidiatou , Diarra Zoumana , Dehbi Hind , Nadifi Sellama , Traore Cheick Bougadari , Dao Sounkalo , Doumbia Seydou , Dolo Guimogo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase genes, known to be highly polymorphic, are implicated in the process of phase II metabolism of many substrates, including xenobiotics, anticancer and anti-infective drugs. The detoxification activity is linked to individual genetic makeup. Therefore, the identification of alleles and genotypes in these genes within a population may help to better design genetic susceptibility and pharmacogenetic studies. We performed the present study to establish the frequencies of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 c. 313A > G (rs1695) polymorphisms in 206 individuals of the Malian healthy population. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, whereas genotypes of GSTP1 were identified by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequencies of GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null genotypes were respectively 24.3 and 41.3%. The observed genotype frequencies for GSTP1 were 25.73% homozygous wild-type AA, 49.03% heterozygous AG and 25.24% homozygous mutant GG. The frequency of GSTP1-A allele was 50.24% versus 49.76% for the GSTP1-G allele. The distribution of these three genes was homogeneous between men and women (p > 0.05). We found no statistical association between the presence of a particular profile of GSTM1 or GSTT1 with the genotypes of GSTP1 (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, we noticed that the majority of the individuals harboring the GSTM1-present or the GSTT1-present harbor also the GSTP1-AG genotype. In addition, the triple genotype GSTM1-present/GSTT1-present/AG was the most frequent with 25.2%. Our findings will facilitate future studies regarding genetic associations of multifactorial diseases and pharmacogenetic, thus opening the way to personalized medicine in our population.
Deliberative Law-Making: A Case Study of the Process of Enacting of a ‘Constitution of the Third Sector’ in the Polish Sejm
Authors: Juchacz Piotr W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main objective of the paper is to present a model of the good practices of deliberative cooperation in a parliamentary setting. This goal is achieved through applying the three functions of the deliberative system—epistemic, ethical and democratic (Mansbridge et al. 2012)—to an analysis of cooperation between different stakeholders during the work of a Polish Parliamentary Subcommittee. They are used as an evaluative tool for analysing the cooperation of MPs, members of the public and representatives of the government (promoters of the bill). The paper analyses a concrete example of the work of the Permanent Subcommittee on the government bill amending the Act on Public Benefit Activity and Voluntary Work in the Polish Parliament. This concrete example is presented asa model of good practices when it comes to deliberative cooperationbetween representatives of the authorities and citizens aiming at the development of shared practical judgement. The paper consists of three parts. In the first, a systemic approach to deliberative democracy is briefly introduced, and the history of the work on the bill is outlined. The main part consists of an analysis of the three speeches of three main stakeholders in the legislative process, from the perspective of their view of legislative deliberations, and in terms of the three functions of deliberative system. In the conclusions, four main issues are analysed with reference to the presented legislative deliberations: 1. Legislative committees as mixed deliberative spheres; 2. Internal/external deliberation; 3. The distinction between stakeholders/ordinary citizens; and 4. Deliberative stance/deliberative mindset.
The creation of institutional reality, special theory of relativity, and mere Cambridge change
Authors: Hansson Wahlberg Tobias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSaying so can make it so, J. L. Austin taught us long ago. Famously, John Searle has developed this Austinian insight in an account of the construction of institutional reality. Searle maintains that so-called Status Function Declarations, allegedly having a “double direction of fit” (i.e. a world-to-word and a word-to-world direction of fit), synchronically create worldly institutional facts, corresponding to the propositional content of the declarations. I argue that Searle’s account of the making of institutional reality is in tension with the special theory of relativity—irrespective of whether the account is interpreted as involving causal generation or non-causal grounding of worldly institutional facts—and should be replaced by a more modest theory which interprets the results of Status Function Declarations in terms of mere Cambridge change and institutional truth. I end the paper by indicating the import of this more modest theory for theorizing about the causal potency of institutional phenomena generated by declarations.
Representational unification in cognitive science: Is embodied cognition a unifying perspective?
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin , Nowakowski Przemysław 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we defend a novel, multidimensional account of representational unification, which we distinguish from integration. The dimensions of unity are simplicity, generality and scope, non-monstrosity, and systematization. In our account, unification is a graded property. The account is used to investigate the issue of how research traditions contribute to representational unification, focusing on embodied cognition in cognitive science. Embodied cognition contributes to unification even if it fails to offer a grand unification of cognitive science. The study of this failure shows that unification, contrary to what defenders of mechanistic explanation claim, is an important mechanistic virtue of research traditions.
Perceived Mistreatment and Emotional Capability Following Aggressive Treatment of Robots and Computers
Authors: Carlson Zachary , Lemmon Louise , Higgins MacCallister , Frank David , Salek Shahrezaie Roya , Feil-Seifer David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Robots (and computers) are increasingly being used in scenarios where they interact socially with people. How people react to these agents is telling about the perceived empathy of such agents. Mistreatment of robots (or computers) by co-workers might provoke such telling reactions. This study examines perceived mistreatment directed towards a robot in comparison to a computer. This will provide some understanding of how people feel about robots in collaborative social settings. We conducted a two by two between-subjects study with 80 participants. Participants worked cooperatively with either a robot or a computer agent. An experiment confederate would either act aggressively or neutrally towards the agent. We hypothesized that people would not perceive aggressive speech as mistreatment when an agent was capable of emotional feelings and similar to themselves; that participants would perceive the robot as more similar in appearance and emotionally capable to themselves than a computer; and so would observe more mistreatment with a robot. The final results supported our hypotheses; the participants observed greater mistreatment for the robot, but not the computer. Also participants felt significantly more sympathetic towards the robot and believed that it was much more emotionally capable.
Analysis of the Carbon Content Effect on the Microstructure and Thermal Behavior of Cobalt-Matrix Dental Alloy
Authors: Beer-Lech Karolina , Surowska Barbara , Pałka Krzysztof , Walczak Mariusz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to consider the crystallization interval of dental CoCrMo alloys with different carbon contents as well quantitative and qualitative analysis of changes in their microstructure. The two different batches of Wironit extra-hard alloy (0.413 and 0.806% C by mass.) were tested. The chemical composition has been carried out as well as microstructure characterization (optical, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction). A quantitative and qualitative image analysis was performed. The process of differential thermal analysis was carried out in the Balzers VSG-02 vacuum induction furnace. The presence of the Co-β solution matrix and M23C6 carbides was demonstrated as well as Co-α solution. Along with the change in the content of carbon in the castings, a qualitative change in the microstructure was noted. Low carbon castings are dominated by blocky eutectic-type precipitates, whereas in high carbon castings, blocky dense precipitates dominate. The results showed that the carbon content influences the crystallization parameters of the alloy (in particular increasing the Tliq and decreasing the Tsol with lower carbon content). It was shown that the melting point of the alloy was higher than indicated by the manufacturer (1533–1578 K). For this study, the range of 1635–1660 K was obtained. This occurrence is very disadvantageous. Using the recommended pouring temperature of 1693 K for casting the material, which usually has a carbon content of about 0.4%, a low degree of superheat is obtained, which significantly limits or even excludes the castability of the alloy.
›Doppelte Optik‹ und ›poetische Zeitgenossenschaft‹ in Thomas Manns früher Auseinandersetzung mit dem Drama und in Hugo von Hofmannsthals Der Rosenkavalier
Authors: Mitterer Cornelius 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag geht von der Annahme aus, dass Hugo von Hofmannsthal und Thomas Mann in ihrem Frühwerk eine ›doppelte Optik‹ zwischen Unterhaltungszweck und Qualitätsanspruch entwickelten, um sowohl einer innovativen Ästhetik als auch einer breiteren Leserschaft gerecht zu werden. Gleichzeitig war ihr Werk ein Beitrag zur Konstituierung ›poetischer Zeitgenossenschaft‹. Dies soll anhand von Thomas Manns theoretischer wie praktischer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Drama sowie anhand von Hugo von Hofmannsthals Libretto zur Oper Der Rosenkavalier gezeigt werden.
Tip-Timing Measurements and Numerical Analysis of Last-Stage Steam Turbine Mistuned Bladed Disc During Run-Down
Authors: Rzadkowski Romuald , Kubitz Leszek , Maziarz Michał , Troka Pawel , Dominiczak Krzysztof , Szczepanik Ryszard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies of last-stage low-pressure (LP) mistuned steam turbine bladed discs during run-down.

Methods
The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the turbine bladed disc were calculated using an FE model. The influence of the shaft on the modal properties, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, was considered. The tip-timing method was used to find the mistuned bladed disc modes and frequencies.

Conclusions
The experimental results from the tip-timing analysis show that the mistuning in combination with shaft coupling suppresses pure nodal diameter type blade vibrations associated with the fundamental mode shape of a cantilevered blade. Vibration modes emerge when even a single blade is vibrating due to the well-known mode localization caused by mistuning. The numerical results confirm this.
The effect of SnO2(110) supports on the geometrical and electronic properties of platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Rivera Rocabado David S. , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Koyama Michihisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile Pt-nanoparticles supported on SnO2exhibit improved durability, a substantial detriment is observed on the Pt-nanoparticles’ activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction. A density functional theory method is used to calculate isolated, SnO2- and graphene-supported Pt-nanoparticles. Work function difference between the Pt-nanoparticles and SnO2leads to electron donation from the nanoparticles to the support, making the outer-shell atoms of the supported nanoparticles more positively charged compared to unsupported nanoparticles. From an electrostatic point of view, nucleophilic species tend to interact more stably with less negatively charged Pt atoms blocking the active sites for the reaction to occur, which can explain the low activity of Pt-nanoparticles supported on SnO2. Introducing oxygen vacancies and Nb dopants on SnO2decreases the support work function, which not only reduces the charge transferred from the Pt-nanoparticles to the support but also reverses the direction of the electrons flow making the surface Pt atoms more negatively charged. A similar effect is observed when using graphene, which has a lower work function than Pt. Thus, the blocking of the active sites by nucleophilic species decreases, hence increasing the activity. These results provide a clue to improve the activity by modifying the support work function and by selecting a support material with an appropriate work function to control the charge of the nanoparticle’s surface atoms.Graphic abstract
Estimating the Present Value of Carbon Sequestration in U.S. Forests, 2015–2050, for Evaluating Federal Climate Change Mitigation Policies
Authors: Haight Robert G. , Bluffstone Randall , Kline Jeffrey D. , Coulston John W. , Wear David N. , Zook Kate 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate an application evaluating carbon sequestration benefits from federal policy alternatives. Using detailed forest inventory data, we projected carbon sequestration outcomes in the coterminous 48 states for a baseline scenario and three policy scenarios through 2050. Alternatives included (1) reducing deforestation from development, (2) afforestation in the eastern United States and reforestation in the western United States, and (3) reducing stand-replacing wildfires. We used social cost of carbon estimates to evaluate the present value of carbon sequestration benefits gained with each policy. Results suggest that afforestation and reforestation would provide the greatest marginal increase in carbon benefit, far exceeding policy cost.
Dynamics and wall collision of inertial particles in a solid–liquid turbulent channel flow
Authors: Ebrahimian Masoud , Sean Sanders R. , Ghaemi Sina 
Published: October 2019

The dynamics and wall collision of inertial particles were investigated in non-isotropic turbulence of a horizontal liquid channel flow. The inertial particles were $125~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ glass beads at a volumetric concentration of 0.03 %. The bead-laden flow and the unladen base case had the same volumetric flow rates, with a shear Reynolds number, $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$, of the unladen flow equal to 410 based on the half-channel height and friction velocity. Lagrangian measurements of three-dimensional trajectories of both fluid tracers and glass beads were obtained using time-resolved particle tracking velocimetry based on the shake-the-box algorithm of Schanz et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 57, no. 5, 2016, pp. 1–27). The analysis showed that on average the near-wall glass beads decelerate in the streamwise direction, while farther away from the wall, the streamwise acceleration of the glass beads became positive. The ejection motions provided a local maximum streamwise acceleration above the buffer layer by transporting glass beads to high velocity layers and exposing them to a high drag force in the streamwise direction. Conversely, the sweep motion made the maximum contribution to the average streamwise deceleration of glass beads in the near-wall region. The wall-normal acceleration of the beads was positive in the vicinity of the wall, and it became negative farther from the wall. The investigation showed that the glass beads with sweeping motion had the maximum momentum, streamwise deceleration, and wall-normal acceleration among all the beads close to the wall and these values increased with increasing their trajectory angle. The investigation of the beads that collided with the wall showed that those with shallow impact angles (less than $1.5^{\circ }$) typically slide along the wall. The sliding beads had a small streamwise momentum exchange of ${\sim}5\,\%$ during these events. The duration of their sliding motion could be as much as five times the inner time scale of the unladen flow. The wall-normal velocity of these beads after sliding was greater than their wall-normal velocity before sliding, and was associated with the rotation induced lift force. Beads with impact angles greater than $1.5^{\circ }$ had shorter interaction times with the wall and smaller streamwise and wall-normal restitution ratios.
A complete Late Weichselian and Holocene record of aeolian coversands, drift sands and soils forced by climate change and human impact, Ossendrecht, the Netherlands
Authors: Kasse Cornelis , Aalbersberg Gerald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA stacked aeolian sequence with intercalated soils is presented from the southern Netherlands, which fully covers the Late Weichselian and Holocene periods. An integrated sedimentological (sedimentary structures, grain size), palynological (pollen) and dating approach (radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)) was applied to unravel climatic and human forcing factors. The dating results of soils and sediments are compatible, and no large hiatuses between the radiocarbon-dated top of the soils and OSL-dated overlying sands were observed. It is argued that the peaty top of wet-type podzols can be used for reliable radiocarbon dating. This study reveals more phases than previously known of landscape stability (Usselo Soil and two podzol soils) and instability (Younger Coversand I and II, two drift-sand units) that are related to Late Weichselian climate change and Holocene human occupation. Regional aeolian deposition in source-bordering (river) dunes (Younger Coversand II) took place in the second part of the Younger Dryas, after 12.3 ka cal. BP, implying a delayed response to Younger Dryas cooling, vegetation cover decline and river pattern change of the Scheldt. The onset of podzolisation and development of ericaceous vegetation occurred prior to the introduction of Neolithic farming, which is earlier than previously assumed. Early podzolisation was followed by a short phase of local drift-sand deposition, atc.5500 cal. BP, that possibly relates to agriculture. Strong human impact on the landscape by deforestation and agriculture resulted in a second phase of widespread drift-sand deposition covering the younger podzol soil after AD 1000.