bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Follow-Up of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Honda Norihiko , Hamada Naoki , Amano Shiro , Kaji Yuichi , Hiraoka Takahiro , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze long-term results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 8 patients who were examined annually for 5 years after PRK. The Nidek EC-5000 laser with an ablation zone of 5.0 mm was used. Evaluations included spherical equivalent manifest refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectaclecorrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal haze, and corneal astigmatism calculated by Fourier analysis of videokeratography data.
RESULTS: A tendency toward myopic regression was most evident within the first postoperative year, with manifest refraction changing from +0.80 ± 1.62 D at 1 week to -0.45 ± 0.70 D at 1 year postoperatively (P=.007). Regression continued after the second postoperative year. There was a statistically significant difference between manifest refraction at 2 years (-0.36 ± 0.75 D) and 5 years (-1.11 ± 1.12 D) (P=.002). Postoperative UCVA stabilized from 3 months up to 3 years, but slightly deteriorated at 4 years and thereafter due to the myopic refractive shift. BSCVA remained stable throughout the 5-year follow-up period. Several eyes developed mild corneal haze after surgery, but haze was minimal in the majority of patients by 1 year and continued to fade over time. The asymmetry component of the cornea significantly increased after surgery, with all postoperative values significantly higher than before PRK (P<.05). Higher order irregularity increased after surgery, with a statistically significant difference between preoperative and 1 year postoperative (P<.05), but values after 2 years were not different from preoperative baseline.
CONCLUSION: Fifteen eyes with a baseline refraction of -3.00 to -9.00 D had PRK with the Nidek EC-5000 laser and a 5-mm-diameter ablation zone. Myopic regression occurred in the first year, with continued mild regression of approximately -0.75 D between 2 and 5 years. Nevertheless, the results show the procedure was relatively safe and effective in this group. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 116-120]
Repositioning the Laser in situ Keratomileusis Flap at the Slit Lamp
Authors: Lichter Henia , Russell Gregg E , Waring George O 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe the indications and technique for repositioning the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap at the slit lamp.
METHODS: We present a description of patients with striae or slippage of the flap who had repositioning of the flap at the slit lamp.
RESULTS: Indications for repositioning at the slit lamp are mostly flap striae. However, it can also be done for a displaced flap and small amounts of debridement. This procedure is not recommended for taking cultures, irrigation of diffuse lamellar keratitis, suturing the flap, or epithelial ingrowth. Repositioning the flap is done by finding the edge of the flap with the cannula, lifting the flap, sweeping the cannula to release the entire wound, and infusing balanced salt solution under the entire flap. We did not encounter infection or recurrent epithelial erosion in these patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Repositioning the LASIK flap at the slit lamp was effective and safe in the treatment of striae or flap slippage. It saved time, money, and, anxiety for the patient. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:166-169]
Ultrasound Evaluation of Flap Thickness, Ablation Depth, and Corneal Edema After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Z , Resch Miklós , Süveges Ildikó 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictability of flap thickness and changes in flap edema over time after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: LASIK was carried out in 30 eyes. The corneal flap was created with a Moria CB manual microkeratome with a flap thickness of 130 µm. Photoablation was performed with the ZeissMeditec MEL 70^sub G-Scan^ flying spot excimer laser. Ultrasound pachymetric measurements were performed with the Humphrey Model 855 pachymeter.
RESULTS: Preoperative mean corneal thickness was 568.43 ± 34.6 µm. After LASIK, mean flap thickness was 133 ± 26.4 µm. After excimer laser treatment, mean central corneal thickness decreased to a mean 392.4 ± 37.4 µm. Five minutes after repositioning the flap, mean central corneal thickness was 572.1 ± 43.4 µm. On the first postoperative day, it decreased to a mean 501.6 ± 46.6 µm followed by additional decreases: mean 487.4 µm on day 5, 481.8 µm after 1 month, and 479.6 µm at 6 months. The actual photoablation depth was 10 µm less than the predicted depth (paired sample t-test, no statistically significant difference, P=.018). A significant linear correlation was found (Pearson, R=. 725, P=.001) between predicted and measured photoablation depth.
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal flap thickness had greater variability than expected. After flap creation, stromal and flap edema occurred, but decreased during the first five postoperative days and stabilized thereafter. [J Refract Surg 2004; 20:279-281]
Cohesive Tensile Strength of Human LASIK Wounds With Histologic, Ultrastructural, and Clinical Correlations
Authors: Schmack Ingo , Dawson Daniel G , McCarey Bernard E , Waring George O , Grossniklaus Hans E , Edelhauser Henry F 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To measure the cohesive tensile strength of human LASIK corneal wounds.
METHODS: Twenty-five human eye bank corneas from 13 donors that had LASIK were cut into 4-mm corneoscleral strips and dissected to expose the interface wound. Using a motorized pulling device, the force required to separate the wound was recorded. Intact and separated specimens were processed for light and electron microscopy. Five normal human eye bank corneas from 5 donors served as controls. A retrospective clinical study was done on 144 eyes that had LASIK flap- lift retreatments, providing clinical correlation.
RESULTS: The mean tensile strength of the central and paracentral LASIK wounds showed minimal change in strength over time after surgery, averaging 2.4% (0.72?0.33 g/mm) of controls (30.06?2.93 g/mm). In contrast, the mean peak tensile strength of the flap wound margin gradually increased over time after surgery, reaching maximum values by 3.5 years when the average was 28.1% (8.46?4.56 g^mm) of controls. Histologic and ultrastructural correlative studies found that the plane of separation always occurred in the lamellar wound, which consisted of a hypocellular primitive stromal scar centrally and paracentral Iy and a hypercelIu lar fibrotic stromal scar at the flap wound margin. The pathologic correlations demonstrated that the strongest wound margin scars had no epithelial cell ingrowth ? the strongest typically being wider or more peripherally located. In contrast, the weakest wound margin scars had epithelial cell ingrowth. The clinical series demonstrated the ability to lift LASIK flaps without complications during retreatments up to 8.4 years after initial surgery, correlating well with the laboratory results.
CONCLUSIONS: The human corneal stroma typically heals after LASIK in a limited and incomplete fashion; this results in a weak, central and paracentral hypocellular primitive stromal scar that averages 2.4% as strong as normal corneal stroma. Conversely, the LASIK flap wound margin heals by producing a 10-fold stronger, peripheral hypercelIuIa r fibrotic stromal scar that averages 28.1% as strong as normal corneal stromal, but displays marked variability. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:433-445.]
VHF Digital Ultrasound Three-Dimensional Scanning in the Diagnosis of Myopic Regression After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Ameline Barbara , Puech Michel , Montefiore Guy , Laroche Laurent 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To perform VHF digital ultrasound scanning and analysis of a case of high-myopic undercorrection in an eye that had undergone multiple surgical interventions for the correction of an initial refraction of -12.00 diopters (D).
METHODS: A 49-year-old woman was evaluated after undergoing three surgical interventions for correction of an initial refraction of -12.00 D in the left eye. Automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) was followed by arcuate keratotomy (for induced astigmatism) and surface photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The residual ametropia on presentation was -6.75 -3.50 x 95?. VHF digital ultrasound scanning and analysis was performed.
RESULTS: On ultrasound, the ALK interface was clearly visible. Residual stromal thickness beneath the cap was at least 275 ???. The absence of Bowman's layer indicated the region of PRK. New stroma and nascent stromal layers were differentiated within the flap. Neo stromal deposition and central epithelial hyperplasia were determined to be responsible for the myopic shift, as opposed to biomechanical changes.
CONCLUSIONS: In this case, refraction, slit-lamp examination, and topography were unable to provide a diagnosis for regression following multiple corneal refractive procedures. By providing layered anatomical mapping, VHF digital ultrasound scanning was able to exclude a diagnosis of ectasia and provide anatomical diagnostic information to explain the clinical observations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:480-484.]
Effect of Tear Film Break-up on Higher Order Aberrations of the Anterior Cornea in Normal, Dry, and Post-LASIK Eyes
Authors: Lin Yi-Ying , Carrel Hyman , Wang I-Jong , Lin Pi-Jung , Hu Fung-Rong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of tear film breakup on higher order aberrations of the anterior cornea in normal, dry, and post- LAS I K eyes.METHODS: In a prospective study, 120 eyes (120 subjects) comprised three groups: post- LAS I K eyes, dry eyes, and normal eyes. Tear film break-up time (BUT) was measured by fluorescein dye under si it- lamp microscopy. Corneal topographies were measured by videokeratography immediately after the following times: post-blink, V2 BUT, BUT, and after normal saline application. VO L- Pro software processed topographies to obtain and analyze higher order aberrations (3rd through 6th orders over 6 mm) of the anterior corneal surface.RESULTS: The measurement time scale was set by the BUT: significantly less for dry eyes (8. 3 ?3. 4 seconds) than post- LAS I K eyes (11.3 ?5.1 seconds) or normal eyes (10.3 ?5.6 seconds). Normal and dry eye subjects showed a pattern of significant increase of aberrations from post-blink through BUT and decrease of aberrations after saline addition in coma, trefoil, and 3rd through 6th order aberrations. Post-LASIK eyes exhibited no significant difference between phases.CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of the tear film increases anterior corneal higher order aberrations in normal eyes and more rapidly in dry eyes. The increase in aberrations caused by conventional LASIK is greater than that of tear film-related effects. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21: S525-S529.]
Vanité et réécriture : un motet du xve siècle imité de Philippe de Vitry
Authors: Fabre Isabelle , Clément Gisèle 
Published: December 2019

L’article aborde le thème du contemptus mundi au Moyen Âge à travers deux motets des xive et xve siècles. Composé en 1330 par Philippe de Vitry, le premier (Impudenter circumivi / Virtutibus laudabilis) affiche un discours moralisateur sur la vanité de l’amour terrestre, décevant et délétère, qu’il oppose à l’amour spirituel que le fidèle doit à la Vierge. À près d’un siècle de distance, ce dispositif est repris dans le motet 12 (Incessanter expectavi / Virtutis ineffabilis) du manuscrit dit « de Chypre » (Turin BNU J.II.9) qui se donne comme une réécriture musicale et littéraire du motet de Vitry. Mais cette imitation, loin d’être servile, infléchit radicalement la portée de sa source : l’enjeu n’est pas de composer une autre variation sur le thème de la vanité du monde, même si celle-ci rend hommage à l’illustre devancier. En confrontant l’écriture des deux pièces, on se propose de montrer que par-delà sa virtuosité rhétorique et musicale, le poète-compositeur anonyme du manuscrit de Turin s’emploie à explorer les limites d’un discours et d’une topique, autrement dit à faire entendre une « vanité de la vanité ».
Décadence et chute de Rome, des vanités historiographiques ?
Authors: Meyers Jean 
Published: December 2019

Ces dix dernières années, la question de la chute de Rome semble avoir retrouvé une vitalité liée à une angoisse croissante de la civilisation occidentale face à son avenir. Or tous les historiens qui ont travaillé sur la chute de Rome ont utilisé les mêmes sources sans jamais parvenir aux mêmes conclusions. Cet article vise simplement à montrer que le problème de la fin de l’Empire romain, pour être résolu, doit être déplacé loin des concepts inopérants de « chute » et de « décadence », qui apparaissent comme des « vanités historiographiques » empêchant de renouveler l’analyse et l’interprétation des faits.
Functional Expression of the P2X7 ATP Receptor Requires Eros
Authors: Ryoden Yuta , Fujii Toshihiro , Segawa Katsumori , Nagata Shigekazu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In response to extracellular ATP, the purinergic receptor P2X7 mediates various biological processes, including phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure, phospholipid scrambling, dye uptake, ion transport, and IL-1β production. A genome-wide CRISPR screen for molecules responsible for ATP-induced PtdSer exposure identified a transmembrane protein, essential for reactive oxygen species (Eros), as a necessary component for P2X7 expression. An Eros-null mouse T cell line lost the ability to expose PtdSer, to scramble phospholipids, and to internalize a dye YO-PRO-1 and Ca2+ ions. Eros-null mutation abolished the ability of an LPS-primed human THP-1 macrophage cell line and mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages to secrete IL-1β in response to ATP. Eros is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chaperone for NADPH oxidase components. Similarly, Eros at the endoplasmic reticulum transiently associated with P2X7 to promote the formation of a stable homotrimeric complex of P2X7. These results indicated that Eros acts as a chaperone not only for NADPH oxidase, but also for P2X7, and contributes to the innate immune reaction.
Maturation of an Antimicrobial Peptide Inhibits Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Crayfish
Authors: Zhao Bao-Rui , Zheng Yi , Gao Jie , Wang Xian-Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rapid synthesis and release of active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important strategy in innate immune. Processing of the precursor into the active form is a common posttranslational modification of AMPs in mammals. However, in invertebrates, the mechanism of AMP maturation is largely unknown. In the current study, to our knowledge, a novel potential AMP, designated as PcnAMP, was identified because of its significant induction by bacterial infection in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). PcnAMP was cleaved into a short fragment postinfection. Using the purified native peptide, this cleavage was found to be mediated by trypsin after synthesis. Proteolysis produced an N-terminal peptide that exerted the antibacterial function. Although the N-terminal peptide did not show significant similarity to any other sequences, it was predicted to have an overall helical structure and high amphipathicity, both of which are typical features of many AMPs. The N-terminal active peptide exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Atomic force microscope imaging and flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with the active form of PcnAMP led to the collapse of the bacterial cell wall and permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane. Thus, this study provided a new candidate for therapeutic agent development, and revealed new insights into the maturation of AMPs in invertebrates.
Tracing Transnationalism and Hybrid Identities in Aleksandar Hemon’s The Making of Zombie Wars
Authors: Bostič Bishop Nina 
Published: December 2019

Transnationalism is a current reality as globalisation has accelerated by the never before experienced boost in the development of technology, transport and telecommunications. The modern era is also characterised by migrations - voluntary and involuntary, but most of today’s transmigrants do not live the exilic lives once lived by migrants, longing for their homeland. Instead, they live in an in-between space – the host country and the homeland, where the mixing of cultures takes place. Although these zones have often been idolized in the recent literature, the lives of many transmigrants are characterised by feelings of loss, displacement and trauma. The present article attempts to map Bosnian-American author Aleksandar Hemon as a transnational diasporic writer by tracing the features of transnationalism in his life and his novel The Making of Zombie Wars. It will also position that several of the migrant characters in the novel are hybrid identities, battling the consequences of displacement, trauma and mobility, following the ideas of Homi Bhabha and Jopi Nyman. It will explore the processes as they occur in spaces in-between.
Rural production of tropically adapted breeds of chickens in rural areas of Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Olayinka , Shoyombo Ayoola , Jegede Segun , Oluba Olarewaju , Akpor Oghenerobor 
Published: December 2019

Chicken keeping is a common thing with most household in rural areas of Nigeria. The birds are raised under extensive system of production with little or no feed provided by the farmers for the birds, hence there is the need to compare the rate of egg production of six different breeds of chickens reared under the same conditions in the rural areas. Twelve villages were randomly selected from the long list of villages in Kwara, 20 households per village and 4 villages per senatorial district, with a total coverage of 240 households for the study. The birds that were used for the study were indigenous chicken (Fulani), improved indigenous chickens (Shika Brown, Funaab Alpha and Noiler) and imported tropically adapted birds (Sasso and Kuroiler). Thirty six weeks old pre-vaccinated and brooded chickens of different breeds given to the farmers were managed under the traditional poultry scavenging system in all the three senatorial districts. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the comparison between districts and breeds. There were no significant differences in egg production per senatorial district, egg production from different breeds and production from different senatorial districts remained averagely low. Low egg production by all the breeds showed that scavenging way of rural chicken production should be improved on for better productivity. This can be achieved through supplemental feed formulated and produced from locally available feed ingredients for the chickens.
Prospects for the Study of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Authors: Higgins Andrew C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Though a major figure in American cultural history, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was relatively neglected by literary scholars until the past twenty years. Recent scholarship emphasizes Longfellow's cosmopolitan and transnational vision, yet a great deal of work remains to be done to understand Longfellow the person, his work, and his work's reception in American culture and the larger world. A particular need is biographical studies, where better understanding of Longfellow and race, sexuality, and gender is needed. Much archival work, particularly on his unpublished journals, remains. Many of his major works have yet to receive the attention from scholars that they deserve. And his reception outside the US is a rich area for future work. However, the key question for the study of Longfellow will be reconciling the transnational vision of the poet with his reception in the US, where he was a key figure in the development of middle-class white culture in the late nineteenth and the twentieth century.
Henry James: His Name in the Papers, 1904–1916
Authors: Monteiro George 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Henry James was sensitive to what newspapers said about him and his work, including the one- and two-sentence statements he called “paragraphs.” The examination of several databases (principally America's Historical Newspapers 1690–1922) yields myriad references to James. The preponderance of these so-called “paragraphs” are quoted and listed chronologically in this two-part article. This second part includes items that appeared from 1904 to 1916 (the first part, covering 1867–1903, appeared earlier in 2019).
Adesão ao checklist de cirurgia segura: análise das cirurgias pediátricas
Authors: Costa Rinaldi Letícia , Duran Matilde Jamille , Aparecida Prata Rafaela , Belluomini Castro Andrezza , Garcia de Avila Marla Andréia 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Este estudo analisou a adesão ao preenchimento do checklist de cirurgia segura em procedimentos realizados em crianças e adolescentes de até 17 anos, bem como os fatores que influenciam a sua utilização. Método: Estudo analítico, transversal, realizado em um hospital público. Foram analisados os prontuários de cirurgias executadas em crianças e adolescentes de até 17 anos, no ano de 2017. Foi aplicada análise estatística descritiva, teste Exato de Fisher e regressão logística. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 262 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes, 65,68% do sexo masculino, prevalecendo os procedimentos de adenoidectomia e amigdalectomia. Observou-se em 12,9% dos checklists o preenchimento completo, em 86,4%, parcial e em 0,7% a lista não foi preenchida. Não houve associação significativa entre a adesão ao instrumento e os fatores analisados. Conclusão: A adesão completa ao checklist foi de 12,9% com diferença no preenchimento entre as etapas, e não houve um único fator responsável pela inadequação. O preenchimento parcial na maioria dos casos sinaliza a necessidade de desconstruir as barreiras para conduzir o checklist, com ações educativas envolvendo as equipes e o real entendimento da aplicação do instrumento, que pode favorecer a segurança cirúrgica e a qualidade da assistência.
Conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre os cuidados do enfermeiro ao paciente em recuperação anestésica
Authors: Nunes Mariana Amanda Pereira , Batista Josemar , Lenhani Bruna Eloise , Koller Francisco José , Marcondes Larissa 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem relacionado aos cuidados e às ações desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro em sala de recuperação pós-anestésica com vistas à segurança do paciente. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 30 acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma instituição privada de ensino superior da Região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de outubro de 2018, mediante aplicação de questionário semiestruturado. Empregou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin para tratamento dos dados. Resultados: Com base nos depoimentos dos entrevistados, emergiu a seguinte categoria: Cuidados e ações do enfermeiro para segurança do paciente, em sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, percebidos pelos acadêmicos de enfermagem. Cuidados rotineiros e mecanicistas, comunicação, liderança, aplicação do processo de enfermagem e uso de protocolos e escalas foram reconhecidos pelos acadêmicos como fundamentais para a segurança do paciente na recuperação. Conclusão: Os acadêmicos de enfermagem reconheceram elementos promotores do cuidado seguro relacionados à assistência de enfermagem na recuperação anestésica.