bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewable energy engineering solutions
Authors: Hojiev J N , Morkovkin D E , Starovoitov V G , Gibadullin A A , Dubrovsky A V , Boldyreva I A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As part of the study, engineering solutions in the field of creating power plants based on renewable energy sources were analyzed. The work revealed that in Russia the level of development of renewable energy sources is ten times lower than in the world, and renewable energy potential is not used. An engineering solution was proposed in the work, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, construction and commissioning of a power plant based on renewable energy sources. At the end of the study, a scheme was proposed for introducing wind power plants into the energy system in order to maintain the stability and reliability of power supply to consumers and meet the demand for electric energy.
Sampling and summarizing transmission trees with multi-strain infections
Authors: Sashittal Palash , El-Kebir Mohammed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The combination of genomic and epidemiological data holds the potential to enable accurate pathogen transmission history inference. However, the inference of outbreak transmission histories remains challenging due to various factors such as within-host pathogen diversity and multi-strain infections. Current computational methods ignore within-host diversity and/or multi-strain infections, often failing to accurately infer the transmission history. Thus, there is a need for efficient computational methods for transmission tree inference that accommodate the complexities of real data.

Results
We formulate the direct transmission inference (DTI) problem for inferring transmission trees that support multi-strain infections given a timed phylogeny and additional epidemiological data. We establish hardness for the decision and counting version of the DTI problem. We introduce Transmission Tree Uniform Sampler (TiTUS), a method that uses SATISFIABILITY to almost uniformly sample from the space of transmission trees. We introduce criteria that prioritize parsimonious transmission trees that we subsequently summarize using a novel consensus tree approach. We demonstrate TiTUS’s ability to accurately reconstruct transmission trees on simulated data as well as a documented HIV transmission chain.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/elkebir-group/TiTUS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Molecular and cellular correlates of human nerve regeneration: ADCYAP1/PACAP enhance nerve outgrowth
Authors: Baskozos Georgios , Sandy-Hindmarch Oliver , Clark Alex J , Windsor Katherine , Karlsson Pall , Weir Greg A , McDermott Lucy A , Burchall Joanna , Wiberg Akira , Furniss Dominic , Bennett David L H , Schmid Annina B 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe only have a rudimentary understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants of nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain in humans. This cohort study uses the most common entrapment neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome) as a human model system to prospectively evaluate the cellular and molecular correlates of neural regeneration and its relationship with clinical recovery. In 60 patients undergoing carpal tunnel surgery [36 female, mean age 62.5 (standard deviation 12.2) years], we used quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction studies to evaluate the function of large and small fibres before and 6 months after surgery. Clinical recovery was assessed with the global rating of change scale and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Twenty healthy participants provided normative data [14 female, mean age 58.0 (standard deviation 12.9) years]. At 6 months post-surgery, we noted significant recovery of median nerve neurophysiological parameters (P &lt; 0.0001) and improvements in quantitative sensory testing measures of both small and large nerve fibre function (P &lt; 0.002). Serial biopsies revealed a partial recovery of intraepidermal nerve fibre density [fibres/mm epidermis pre: 4.20 (2.83), post: 5.35 (3.34), P = 0.001], whose extent correlated with symptom improvement (r = 0.389, P = 0.001). In myelinated afferents, nodal length increased postoperatively [pre: 2.03 (0.82), post: 3.03 (1.23), P &lt; 0.0001] suggesting that this is an adaptive phenomenon. Transcriptional profiling of the skin revealed 31 differentially expressed genes following decompression, with ADCYAP1 (encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, PACAP) being the most strongly upregulated (log2 fold-change 1.87, P = 0.0001) and its expression was associated with recovery of intraepidermal nerve fibres. We found that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons expressed the receptor for PACAP and that this peptide could significantly enhance axon outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner in vitro [neurite length PACAP 1065.0 µm (285.5), vehicle 570.9 μm (181.8), P = 0.003]. In conclusion, carpal tunnel release is associated with significant cutaneous reinnervation, which correlates with the degree of functional improvement and is associated with a transcriptional programme relating to morphogenesis and inflammatory processes. The most highly dysregulated gene ADCYAP1 (encoding PACAP) was associated with reinnervation and, given that this peptide signals through G-protein coupled receptors, this signalling pathway provides an interesting therapeutic target for human sensory nerve regeneration.
Sexual Violence against Men and Boys during the Holocaust: A Genealogy of (Not-So-Silent) Silence
Authors: Glowacka Dorota 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although far more women than men are sexually violated in conflict settings, the records indicate that sexual violence against men and boys has been routinely practised as a weapon of war and genocide. Sexual violence against men and boys during the Holocaust was likely a regular occurrence, but it has remained undocumented and under-researched. Sexual violence against men, because it does not conform to prevalent gender norms and expectations, has been subjected to cultural and epistemic erasure. As a result, it is construed on the model of female rape, making it difficult to recognize male-victim specific forms of assault. Moreover, normative and legal frameworks developed to address it do not take into account the role that the stigma of homosexuality plays in male sexual violence. This article is based on oral testimonies by male heterosexual-identified Jewish survivors of the Holocaust. I focus on the survivors’ self-presentation as adult men in light of their past abuse and on the dynamic of the interviews. I also reference one memoir (Nate Leipciger’s The Weight of Freedom) and reinterpret a chapter from Elie Wiesel’s Night in light of my findings. Revealing the extent of sexual violence against men helps delegitimize harmful gender stereotypes and conceptions of manhood and ‘homosexuality’ and expose their central role in the perpetuation of genocidal violence.
Regulatory T Cells Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Play a Major Role in CD4+ T-Cell Impairment During Sepsis
Authors: Gaborit Benjamin J , Roquilly Antoine , Louvet Cédric , Sadek Abderrahmane , Tessoulin Benoit , Broquet Alexis , Jacqueline Cédric , Vourc’h Mickael , Chaumette Tanguy , Chauveau Marie , Asquier Antoine , Bourdiol Alexandre , Le Mabecque Virginie , Davieau Marion , Caillon Jocelyne , Boutoille David , Coulpier Fanny , Lemoine Sophie , Ronin Emilie , Poschmann Jérémie , Salomon Benoit L , Asehnoune Karim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sepsis causes inflammation-induced immunosuppression with lymphopenia and alterations of CD4+ T-cell functions that renders the host prone to secondary infections. Whether and how regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in this postseptic immunosuppression is unknown. We observed in vivo that early activation of Treg during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis induces CD4+ T-cell impairment and increases susceptibility to secondary pneumonia. The tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 positive (TNFR2pos) Treg subset endorsed the majority of effector immunosuppressive functions, and TNRF2 was particularly associated with activation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in Treg, probably explaining their maintenance. Blocking or deleting TNFR2 during sepsis decreased the susceptibility to secondary infection. In humans, our data paralleled those in mice; the expression of CTLA-4 was dramatically increased in TNFR2pos Treg after culture in vitro with S. aureus. Our findings describe in vivo mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced immunosuppression and identify TNFR2pos Treg as targets for therapeutic intervention.
MaxEnt Modeling of Dermacentor marginatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Distribution in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Huercha  , Song Ruiqi , Ma Ying , Hu Zhengxiang , Li Yingke , Li Min , Wu Lijiang , Li Caishan , Dao Erjiala , Fan Xinli , Hao Yunwei , Bayin Chahan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dermacentor marginatus Sulkzer is a common tick species found in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China, and is a vector for a variety of pathogens. To determine the potential distribution of this tick species in Xinjiang, a metadata containing 84 D. marginatus presence records combined with four localities from field collection were used for MaxEnt modeling to predict potential distribution of this tick species. Identification of tick samples showed 756 of 988 (76%) were D. marginatus. MaxEnt modeling results indicated that the potential distribution of this tick species was mainly confined to northern XUAR. Highly suitable areas included west side of Altay mountain, west rim of Junggar basin, and Yili River valley in the study area. The model showed an AUC value of 0.838 ± 0.063 (SD), based on 10-fold cross-validation. Although tick presence records used for modeling were limited, this is the first regional tick distribution model for D. marginatus in Xinjiang. The model will be helpful in assessing the risk of tick-borne diseases to human and animals in the region.
Fibrous solitary tumor, a rare and ubiquitous neoplasy
Authors: Ros Alejandro , Cortés Javier , Belda Tatiana , Magán Alejandro , Illán-Gambín Francisco J , Aracil Elisa , Serra Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fibrous solitary tumors (FST) are mesenchymal tumors that can appear in different body regions. It is estimated that around 30% are found in the thoracic region, while rarely in meninges, abdomen, pelvis, extremities and bones. A correct diagnosis is important because 15–20% of cases develop a malignant behavior. Treatment of choice is surgical and posterior follow-up is essential. We present two atypical extrapleural FST cases, diagnosed in our center. Both were treated with surgery and in one case arterial embolization to reduce the bleeding risk was previously done.
Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women
Authors: Shufelt Chrisandra L. , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For primary prevention, low-dose aspirin should be considered in women aged 40 to 70 years with a 10-year cardiovascular risk of 20% or more or in women with diabetes and a 10-year cardiovascular risk of 10% or more. The risk of bleeding outweighs the benefits in low-risk women and in women aged 70 years and older.
Workplace violence: Examination of the tensions between duty of care, worker safety, and zero tolerance
Authors: Beattie Jill , Innes Kelli , Griffiths Debra , Morphet Julia 
Published: May 2020

Background
Workplace violence (WPV) remains an international problem. This raises challenges for staff in meeting their duty of care to consumers while enforcing zero tolerance for violence directed toward them.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to expose the values and beliefs underpinning practice and reveal any flawed assumptions or evidence, upon which decisions related to WPV are made. By increasing staff awareness, the secondary aim is to decrease staff stress when confronted with conflicting policies and duty of care responsibilities.

Methodology
Explanatory research as part of a larger descriptive study was used. Semistructured interviews with a sample of managers and staff (n = 99) in Victorian Health Services (Australia) were performed. Initial descriptive analysis identified a tension between duty of care, worker safety, and zero tolerance. This article reports the secondary analysis to examine these relationships in depth.

Findings
Feeling obligated and providing care for aggressive patients was difficult while maintaining own safety: “You cannot do both.” Although there were contrasting views about the merits of zero tolerance, policies were rarely enacted: “We cannot refuse to treat.” Incongruency between legislative requirements creates confusion for decision-making: “Which Act trumps what?”

Conclusion
Despite policies supporting zero tolerance, staff do not enact these because they prioritize duty of care to consumers before duty of care to self. Zero tolerance, with incongruent legislation, compounds this tension and impairs decision-making.

Practical Implications
This article exposes the underlying values, beliefs, and flawed assumptions underpinning practice related to WPV. Managers need to amend policies to reduce staff confusion, adopt a trauma-sensitive and resilience approach, and develop a clearly written framework to guide decision-making related to duty of care to consumers and staff safety. Incident reports and staff well-being/satisfaction surveys need to evaluate the effects of zero tolerance on staff and consumers. Regulators need to ensue legislative requirements are congruent with staff safety and well-being.
Postoperative Quality of Life in Oculoplastic Patients
Authors: Seo Shin Tien , Sundar Gangadhara , Young Stephanie Ming 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To conduct a literature review on postoperative quality of life in oculoplastic patients.

Methods:
The authors conducted a database search to evaluate the evidence available for the change in quality of life after oculoplastic surgery.

Results:
There was a wide disparity of evidence available for different oculoplastic conditions. Certain conditions, such as nasolacrimal duct obstruction, were well-researched while other conditions, such as epiblepharon, had little to no research supporting improvement in quality of life after surgery. The scales used to measure quality of life displayed heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
There is a lack of published evidence concerning postoperative quality of life in patients with certain oculoplastic conditions such as brow ptosis, entropion, ectropion, epiblepharon, and orbital wall fracture. There is a need to standardize the quality of life data collection tools and scoring systems to allow better comparison and scrutiny of the current literature.
Health Economic Evaluation of an Influenza Vaccination Program to Prevent Sick Leave in Employees
Authors: Lutz Nathanael , Deliens Tom , Clarys Peter , Verhaeghe Nick , Taeymans Jan 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an influenza vaccination program (IVP) among employees.

Methods:
This health economic evaluation was embedded in a prospective cohort study of a voluntary IVP. Data on incidence, direct, and indirect costs were collected via questionnaires. Bootstrapping and modeling techniques were used to assess uncertainty of the results.

Results:
In the base-scenario, the IVP was less effective, more expensive and thus, neither cost-effective nor cost-beneficial. When applying a sensitivity analysis using published estimates of IVP effectiveness on the data, the IVP became cost-effective and cost-beneficial.

Conclusions:
Like in many evaluations of real-world settings, lack of randomization may have caused selection bias which may explain the surprising results of the main analysis. This indicates the importance of sensitivity analyses and modeling approaches for future studies assessing the cost-effectiveness of IVP in a real-world setting.
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy for bone marrow and skin relapse Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yang Mianzeng , Liu Bingcheng , Wang Ying , Liu Yuntao , Gong Xiaoyuan , Gong Benfa , Xu Yingxi , Mi Yingchang , Wang Min , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CART) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the capacity of CART therapy has not yet been fully elucidated.

Patient concerns:
An 18-year-old Chinese male patient presented with multiple firm masses on the skin all over his body following regular chemotherapy.

Diagnoses:
Bone marrow smear and skin biopsy confirmed that it was a bone marrow and skin relapse from the initial B-cell ALL.

Interventions:
CD19 CART-cell therapy was performed to manage the bone marrow and skin of the relapsed B-cell ALL.

Outcomes:
During CART-cell therapy, cytokine release syndrome and central nervous encephalopathy occurred. Eventually, the lesions disappeared, and the bone marrow and skin tested minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. The patient achieved complete remission (CR). Fourteen days after testing MRD negative, he received allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and has remained disease free to date.

Lessons:
The CR of this patient with leukemia cutis demonstrated that CART exhibited efficacy in this case. While further research is still required, this treatment could potentially be used as a therapy for skin leukemia, lymphoma, and other primary skin cancers.
Fall experience and cognitive function in middle aged and elderly population
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study estimates the association between the fall experience in the last 2 years and cognitive function and further evaluate the differences in this association between men and women and across different age groups. Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2016 was used and 9279 research samples were included at baseline in 2006. To analyze the association between fall experience for the last 2 years and cognitive function, generalized estimating equation model and chi-square test were used. After adjusting for all confounders, those with fall experience were significantly associated with cognitive decline. With non-fall experience as reference: fall experience, B = −0.013 (P = .017). In the 64 years or less group, fall experience was significantly associated with cognitive decline (P-value: 0.006) to those with non-fall experience. In male group, with non-fall experience as reference: fall experience, B = −0.017 (P = .041). Fall experience in the last 2 years is associated with cognitive decline, especially in those 64 years or less and male group. Therefore, self-reported screening for fall experience might aid population-based prevention strategies for cognitive decline, especially in 64 years or less and male.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants with warfarin in Latin American patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Su Zhiyu , Zhang Hao , He Wenfeng , Ma Jianyong , Zeng Junquan , Jiang Xinhua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Data of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in current management of atrial fibrillation (AF) are predominantly derived from North American and European regions. However, the effects of NOACs for stroke prevention in Latin America remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of NOACs with warfarin in Latin American patients with AF.

Methods:
The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched until July 12, 2019 for applicable randomized clinical trials. The risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results:
Four trials involving 8943 Latin American patients were included in this meta-analysis. In anticoagulated patients with AF, Latin American patients had higher rates of stroke or systemic embolism and all-cause death compared with non-Latin American subjects. Compared with warfarin use, the use of NOACs was significantly associated with reduced risks of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and any bleeding in Latin American patients. There were no significant differences in the risks of ischemic stroke, all-cause death, and gastrointestinal bleeding between Latin and non-Latin American groups. All the interactions between Latin and non-Latin American groups about efficacy and safety outcomes of NOACs compared with warfarin were non-significant (all P
interaction > .05).

Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis suggested that the use of NOACs was at least non-inferior to warfarin use for stroke prevention in Latin American patients with AF.
Observation for clinical effect of acupuncture combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Kou Le , Yu Nan , Ren Junjie , Yang Bingyan , Tao Yun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands that occurs in adolescent men and women. In recent years, the incidence of acne has increased year by year, so it is of great significance to find a precise and effective treatment and further explore its possible mechanism of action. The purpose of this study will be to explore a treatment method that has both traditional Chinese medicine characteristics and significant effects, and provides a higher level of evidence for acupuncture for acne vulgaris. It also provides patients with more treatment options.

Methods/design:
The study will be a randomized controlled trial divided into 2 parallel groups. This pragmatic randomized controlled trial will recruit 66 patients who are diagnosed with acne vulgaris. 30-minutes acupuncture sessions will be provided to patients assigned to the intervention group. All participants will continue to receive conventional treatment. The selection of outcomes will be evaluated by the skin lesions score scale.

Discussion:
This trial may provide evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with acne vulgaris.

Trial registration number:
CTR2000030427
Unexpected occult malignancy diagnosed during tonsillectomy surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Park Donghwi , Lee Byung Joo , Go Minchul , Kim Jung-Soo , Heo Sung Jae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Many previous studies have investigated the necessity of routine histopathological analysis of tonsillectomy specimen, and most recent studies have suggested that such an analysis is not justified in asymptomatic patients or those with no risk factors for malignancy.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old man diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea underwent surgery, including tonsillectomy; a tonsil specimen was sent to the department of pathology.

Diagnosis:
Although the patient did not exhibit any tonsil-related signs or symptoms, nor did the appearance of the tonsil appear to be pathological, the right tonsil specimen was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, with detection of human papilloma virus 16.

Interventions:
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used to treat the tonsil cancer.

Outcomes:
No recurrence was observed during the 4-year follow-up.

Lessons:
In the future, it may be necessary to reinvestigate the necessity of routine histopathological analysis of tonsillectomy specimens in asymptomatic patients, considering the drastically increased rate of detection of human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in these patients.