bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition énergétique : Chine, États-Unis et Union européenne
Authors: Eyl-Mazzega Marc-Antoine , Mathieu Carole 
Published: April 2020

Dans ce deuxième volet de la série que nous consacrons aux questions climatiques et énergétiques, nous reproduisons un extrait de l’étude intitulée « La dimension stratégique de la transition énergétique. Défis et réponses pour la France, l’Allemagne et l’Union européenne », réalisée par les auteurs. Cet extrait nous semble en effet particulièrement éclairant sur les chaînes de valeur européennes des technologies bas carbone. Après avoir rappelé l’urgence de la transition énergétique et ses inégales avancées, Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega et Carole Mathieu montrent combien les politiques de l’énergie et du climat renvoient aujourd’hui à des enjeux géopolitiques et géoéconomiques majeurs. Ce texte révèle particulièrement la relative faiblesse de l’Union européenne au regard de la Chine et des États-Unis, en raison d’une part de sa dépendance vis-à-vis de l’extérieur pour ses approvisionnements en métaux critiques ; d’autre part de son positionnement dans les chaînes de valeur des technologies bas carbone, qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans le déploiement des énergies renouvelables. H.J.
Le trottoir, nouvel actif stratégique
Authors: Baraud-Serfaty Isabelle 
Published: April 2020

« Le trottoir est à tout le monde » peut-on parfois entendre dans la rue à l’occasion d’un différend sur l’occupation de l’espace public. C’est le sentiment du promeneur et des habitants des villes qui en sont dotées. Mais est-ce encore vraiment le cas ? Le trottoir est-il encore un espace public, utilisable librement par tous et en toutes circonstances ? Isabelle Baraud-Serfaty, spécialiste des questions urbaines, pose ici la question et montre comment les trottoirs qui bordent la chaussée des villes ont évolué au fil du temps. De symbole de la « ville des infrastructures », il devient un enjeu d’intérêt à l’ère des nouvelles mobilités et des nouvelles fonctionnalités liées à la ville « intelligente ». À ce titre, il suscite donc de plus en plus de convoitises de la part des opérateurs de plates-formes numériques : une nouvelle couche, « informationnelle », se développe sur les trottoirs (plus particulièrement sur les bordures de trottoir), qui peut être exploitée à des fins de service aux usagers mais aussi à des fins commerciales. De fait, il devient indispensable, selon Isabelle Baraud-Serfaty, que les villes, les collectivités locales, l’intègrent dans leur gouvernance publique des espaces urbains, et que le trottoir fasse l’objet de régulations, de sorte que les informations qui le concernent ou qu’il recèle ne soient pas confisquées / monnayées par des opérateurs privés, aux dépens des usagers. Ces évolutions appellent enfin, selon elle, à considérer les trottoirs et, au-delà, ce que certains nomment les « rez-de-ville » comme de nouveaux « communs », stratégiques, dont il faut préserver les fonctions d’intérêt général. S.D.
Le Groenland est-il encore à vendre ?
Authors: Drevet Jean-François 
Published: April 2020

Quand a fuité, en août 2019, l’information selon laquelle le président des États-Unis Donald Trump étudiait la possibilité d’acheter le Groenland, les réactions ont oscillé entre offuscation et ironie. Mais ce regain d’attention des États-Unis envers ce territoire de l’Arctique témoigne de l’intérêt croissant pour les régions polaires, en raison notamment de leurs ressources naturelles. Serait-il possible aujourd’hui à un pays, quel qu’il soit, d’acheter un territoire comme le Groenland, qui bénéficie, au sein du royaume du Danemark, d’un large statut d’autonomie mais qui, à ce titre, est aussi associé à l’Union européenne ? Quel est son statut ? Quelles sont ses sources de financement et ses atouts ? Quels sont les intérêts en jeu ? Jean-François Drevet fait le tour du sujet, montrant les différentes problématiques en jeu pour un territoire qui suscite les convoitises de ses voisins proches comme de la Chine. S.D.
Protection sociale, citoyenneté et mobilisations populaires dans l’Italie de la Première Guerre mondiale (1916-1920)
Authors: Mattera Paolo 
Published: April 2020

L’article tente de répondre à la question : quel a été le rôle joué par les masses populaires dans la construction de l’assurance sociale en Italie à l’occasion de la Grande Guerre ? De nombreuses recherches sur la protection sociale tendent à se concentrer sur les décisions les plus importantes avec un point de vue descendant et à privilégier les facteurs institutionnels, politiques ou théoriques. Dans cet article, c’est une perspective ascendante qui est adoptée en s’appuyant sur des sources conservées dans différents fonds d’archives, afin de tenter de comprendre l’état d’esprit de l’opinion publique italienne et son rôle dans les choix politiques et les décisions prises dans le domaine de l’assurance sociale.
Rural Telehealth Team Education for Baccalaureate and Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Knight Elizabeth P. , Prettyman Allen V. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Rural areas face health care workforce shortages. Nursing students seeking rural employment require instruction and clinical experience in using telehealth to work in health care teams.

Method:
An innovative telehealth consultation simulation paired nurse practitioner (NP) students with prelicensure baccalaureate nursing degree (BSN) students. The simulation aimed to enhance NP student proficiency and confidence in telehealth consultation skills and to foster professional role development through exposure to telehealth nursing roles for RNs and NPs. On-campus BSN students assumed the role of the RN in a rural clinic and consulted with off-campus NP students using telehealth technology in the care of a standardized patient.

Results:
Participants demonstrated level-appropriate proficiency and reported confidence in telehealth consultation and favorable attitudes toward intraprofessional communication.

Conclusion:

An intraprofessional educational model allowing BSN and NP students to develop telehealth consultation skills successfully addressed a gap in preparing nursing students to meet rural health care workforce needs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):274–277.]
CRACK HEALING IN CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS INCLUDING TESTS METHODS
Authors: Richardson Alan Elliott , Nagaratnam Brabha , Coventry Kathryn Ann , Brandy Dominic , Amess Leon 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
If concrete is crack free, deleterious substances can be avoided entering the body of the material, that may corrode the rebar or encourage freeze/thaw damage. This paper examines a self healing system of cementitious materials.
Microbial induced calcite precipitation was used to heal cracks in concrete with calcite using bacillus bacteria in alkaline conditions to generate a calcite filling material.
Self healing of cracked prisms was determined using a water flow and absorption test and the results were expressed to record the healing as a percentage.
The findings of the tests showed that a significant degree of self healing had taken place after 56 days after inducing a crack to the concrete prisms and the water flow test was appropriate to determine the degree of self healing taking place.
Limitations of this process are such that the process requires a biological laboratory to create the spore impregnated aggregate. Once the aggregate is prepared, the batching process is essentially the same as any normal concrete.
A practical use of this system could be developed using cover panels of self healing material to act as permanent formwork, thus placing the healing ingredients where they are needed at a minimum cost. The system has huge potential for the creation of a self repairing sustainable infrastructure.
Distribution, Period of Gravidity, and Host Identification for the Narrow Pigtoe Mussel
Authors: Holcomb Kathryn M. , Holcomb Jordan M. , Pursifull Sandra C. , Knight John R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe narrow pigtoe Fusconaia escambia is a freshwater mussel found only in the Escambia and Yellow river basins in northwest Florida and southern Alabama. The U.S. Endangered Species Act lists it as threatened. Like other freshwater mussels (Unionidae), its life cycle involves a larval stage (i.e., glochidial) in which most species are obligate parasites on the gills or fins of fishes. Knowledge of life history, population demographics, population genetics, and threats for the narrow pigtoe is lacking throughout its range, which impedes conservation of this species. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) compare historical and current distribution data using a conservation status assessment map, 2) determine period of gravidity, and 3) identify fish hosts. We used a conservation status assessment map to examine spatial and temporal changes in narrow pigtoe distribution and the possibility that the species has been extirpated from a subbasin (i.e., Hydrologic Unit Code level 10 watershed boundary; U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset). We determined period of gravidity for the narrow pigtoe by examining the gills of mussels in the field, and considered peak gravidity to be the month in which we encountered the greatest number of gravid females. We determined fish hosts by infecting individuals of 18 fish species with glochidia in a laboratory setting. Overall, the narrow pigtoe appears to be maintaining stable populations in Florida, but researchers have conducted too few surveys in Alabama subbasins for us to fully assess its status throughout its range. Peak months of gravidity were May–July, with the greatest percentage of gravid females observed in May, although we observed them as early as 9 March and as late as 25 October. We identified nine fish species from five genera as hosts for narrow pigtoe, with Blacktail Shiner Cyprinella venusta and Weed Shiner Notropis texanus consistently producing the greatest number of viable juvenile mussels. Host and gravidity findings from this study will be useful if propagation efforts become necessary for conservation of the narrow pigtoe.
Quelques pièces pour la manœuvre des voiles découvertes sur l’épave de la Madrague de Giens (Hyères, Var, 70‑45 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Carre Marie-Brigitte 
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente quelques-unes des pièces de gréement trouvées sur l’épave de la Madrague de Giens (Hyères, Var, 70‑45 av. J.-C.) durant les campagnes de fouille 1976 à 1982 : poulies, moques, manœuvres de voile, replacées dans le contexte de l’épave et dans celui plus général des embarcations antiques. On tentera d’identifier leur fonction par comparaison avec les agrès utilisés traditionnellement dans la marine à voile moderne.
The Bubble Screen
Authors: Thierry Delaunay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of the project is the protection of the marine mammals. Marine mammals are species protected by several international conventions, able to perceive the soundand therefore vulnerable to acoustic waves generated by maritime works (break-in hammer, dredging and mining). Underwater noise pollution can cause cetaceans deafness that deprive of all landmarks and can even be lethal. The bubble screen device focus attention because it allows answers to many problems in terms of acoustic impact in the marine environment especially for petroleum research companies, marine renewable energy companies and all off offshore builders.
The bubble screen allows to significantly lower the marine acoustics level around noisy activities. The results of acoustic measurements demonstrate its efficiency, especially on the dangerous frequency range for marine mammals (100 Hz to 1 000 Hz). The device provides acoustic gain from -15 dB to -25 dB on peak noise levels (P2P).
Another way to understand the performance: an acoustic attenuation of -25 dB corresponds to the protection offered by a construction earmuff.
Identifying Production Enhancement Opportunities by Black Oil Foamer Through Slug Flow Modeling
Authors: Jain Amit Satish , Grutters Mark 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ageing offshore oilfields with increasing water cuts can suffer from severe slugging and liquid hold-up in subsea flowlines. Excessive liquid loading in flowline and riser sections results in unstable processing condition on the topside; potentially leading to off-spec crude oil and produced water and in extreme cases to production deferment due to level alarm and trips in production separators. Recently, a novel black oil foamer (BOF) application in the GOM was able to mitigate slugging in a deepwater subsea tieback. The oil based foamer is designed to transition the flow regime from slugging to dispersed flow, allowing gas to sweep liquid to the surface. This paper will describe how steady state multiphase modeling was used to verify if foamer application can result in a reduction of liquid hold up and, hence, production improvement. Additionally, the modeling results will be compared to the recent field trial.
Multiphase flow modeling has been performed for fluids of 23-37 API with a GOR of 400-4,000 scf/bbl with a flowline water cut between 16% and 50%. The fluid data were incorporated in the model with the pipeline geometry and topography, or suitable approximations when data was unavailable. The simulation results provided insight into the flow regime for various production scenarios, and thus, suitability of the oil based foamer technology.
The simulation results showed that the riser switches between slug flow and bubble flow regimes. The mechanism of oil based foamer technology for slugging elimination is a transition from slug flow to annular dispersed flow. Fluid flow models shows good match with slugging seen in field without foamer. Additionally, fluid property was adjusted to incorporate foamer effect on lowered liquid density. This case mimics application of oil based foamer and results in no slugging regime for GOM case, hence improved production rate.
This novel use of multiphase modeling for foamer applications will allow to more accurately identify opportunities for oil based foamer applications, and eventually be able to predict the effect of foamer on system slugging and production enhancement.
Digital Transformation as a Tool for FPSO Project Acceleration
Authors: Affonso Italo Dourado , Santos Marcelo Brandão dos , Aragão Rodrigo Rodrigues , Vieira Pedro Fonseca , Diniz Filipe Castello , Rodrigues Breno Augusto , Queiroz Jackson Luan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Even though digital innovation is currently a priority for companies worldwide, very few have a structured process designed to collect ideas and transform them into successful innovation projects. Most traditional companies are familiar with creating processes to standardize better practices. However, these processes can make them more resistant to change and kill innovation in their early stages. A second factor that can take its toll on innovation is the predictive, risk–averse approach of traditional project management, which demands a well–defined scope, fixed expectations on results, with inflexible deadlines or standard KPIs.
Another common mistake when starting to implement digital transformation projects is focusing exclusively on technologies. Probably the most significant challenge concerning digital transformation is changing people's mindset to understanding the potential of digital technologies and seek opportunities within their work. The oil and gas industry traditionally focus its innovation effort on R&D. Digital innovation, however, is dispersed and should occur in all sectors of the organization; thus, workforce engagement is essential.
Engineering has excellent opportunities since most processes are still document-centric as opposed to data-centric. For example, schedule and design progress are entirely based on the publishing and approval of documents. Design team member's performance is usually measured by elaborating and reviewing documents. The most significant part of design handover is comprised of documents, and several KPIs are evaluated based on documentation. Redesigning these processes to a data–centric approach, in which everything revolves around databases, attributes, and data models, can increase quality and data consistency as well as reducing design cost and time.
Unmanned / Minimally Manned Floating Deepwater Installations: Design and Safety Considerations
Authors: Patel Harish , Kalghatgi Sameer , Feijo Luiz , Scott Rick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The latest focus on floating offshore developments is to minimize or remove the human presence onboard by utilizing remote operations. This may reduce personnel exposure and potentially overall costs by using new technologies. Existing codes or regulations are not tailored to address unmanned (UM) or minimally manned (MM) floating installations. Such floating facilities are remotely operated from a nearby facility or a control center located onshore. Offshore facilities remotely operated require real time monitoring, control automation, and maintenance procedures incorporating remote diagnostics and simulations, with minimal human intervention. This concept brings into focus the design of the remote-control center, the communication infrastructure, smart functionalities, digital twins and simulation technologies. In order to achieve the objectives of an UM or MM facility, hull and machinery inspections onboard the facility are expected to be minimized, and design features adopted for remote inspection using new technologies. Enhancing the fatigue life of the hull structure and reliability of critical machinery are fundamental to this concept.
This paper proposes guidance to develop and manage an UM or MM facility through lifecycle activities of design, construction, integration, testing, operation, monitoring, inspection and maintenance in comparison with conventional facilities. The adopted approach identifies risk related to the concept and proposes measures to help develop appropriate design and safety requirements under a lifecycle perspective. The existing codes, standards and class society rules contain applicable requirements for floating facilities related to design, operations and maintenance. The study is based on the review of existing rules and regulations including associated gap analysis. The study concludes that existing structural rules may be applied as a base requirement to address structural integrity, inspection and maintenance risk. From machinery perspective, new technologies will need to be implemented to address monitoring, control, inspection and maintenance issues. The paradigm shift will be in designing the facility to move from a traditional maintenance plan to a Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) requiring human intervention on a minimal need-basis.
This paper also addresses the design and safety considerations based on risks, new technology qualification (TQ) and human factors for continued operations, since the limited or temporary crew will be required to perform multidisciplinary activities, and habitability design should assist and augment onboard crew ability.
Machine Learning-Enabled Digital Decision Assistant for Remote Operations
Authors: Mazzi Vitor Alves da Cruz , Dumlao Vincent Carl Quibranza , Mourthé Adriano Cabral Linhares , Elshahawi Hani , Kim Igor , Lumens Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As digitalization continues to transform the Oil and Gas industry, remote monitoring and surveillance is fast becoming a strategic focus area within many organizations. Data virtualization, visualization, and workflow orchestration are critical functions within this area. Major challenges for digitalization are how to make the best use of the combination of structured and unstructured data, which are often disconnected, as well as how to orchestrate the workflow for minimum friction and maximum efficiency.
This paper describes the successful development and implementation of a Digital Decision Assistant (DDA), a digital environment that integrates data ingestion from various sources, multiple micro-workflows, and bots that use machine learning and natural language processing to execute tasks and make captured knowledge available within and across teams. The DDA uses real time data ingestion, process automation, machine learning, and natural language processing all integrated into a singular adaptive platform which empowers end users by making relevant data available and enabling predictive analytics. Correlating time series data with condition-based monitoring alerts, and user instructions, comments, and tags enriches the data and provides necessary context. Search and workflow functions further extend the platform as both a knowledge repository as well as an orchestrator to outside applications and analytical tools. The platform also includes automated functionalities for; event detection, notifications, alarm management, exception-based surveillance, data preparation, linkage to other applications (via API's), key performance indicator (KPI) generation, and reporting.
The DDA suite provides an extensible and scalable remote monitoring and control system that can incorporate contextual information. The use of data virtualization, automation, and decision enabling tools within an integrated platform allow the organization to improve data virtualization, visualization, and workflow orchestration across a wide spectrum of real time applications, as well as enrich datasets for future digitalization initiatives.
Development of Topsides and Jacket Removal Programme for Miller Platform Decommissioning
Authors: Chan Hoi-Sang , Krachtoudi Christina , De Lorenzi Cavallari Luca , Carlile Gordon Clark 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an evaluation of the topsides and jacket removal programme for Miller Platform decommissioning, which was developed not only to fulfil the UK’s laws and regulations but also to minimise the risks in safety, environment, technical execution, society and economics associated with the removal activities. Retrospective conceptual comparative evaluations of different removal methods are presented for both topsides and jacket removals to achieve safe, effective and economical solutions. The removal methods evaluated include the piece-small removal method, the piece-large removal method with a heavy lift vessel (HLV) and a marine fleet, the piece-large removal method using a HLV with extended lift operations, and the single-piece removal method with a specialist single lift vessel (SLV). The piece-large removal method using the HLV with the extended lift operations was chosen for the Miller topsides and jacket removal. The selected removal method was the first of its kind for a large structure suspended above the waterline, with no damping effect from the water column. The Miller removal programme described in this paper was successfully delivered in summer 2018. An overview of the engineering and planning execution is given.
The Floating Production, Storage and Offloading System – Past, Present and Future
Authors: Duggal Arun , Minnebo Joerik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper focuses on the history of the development of the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) system and its evolution to be the most adaptable and versatile of floating production systems. These facilities have been deployed in a variety of water depths and metocean conditions in almost every offshore oil producing basin in the world, with a large range of topsides throughput for both oil and gas. The paper has summarized the development of the FPSO system as a function of time, water depth, location, system, type and complexity to illustrate its adaptability to offshore producing basins worldwide. The paper also provides a brief historical description of the evolution of the system by decade, highlighting key projects and technologies and their development over the years. The paper also looks forward to the short-term future of FPSOs in the Oil and Gas industry based on trends and forecast, and the future development especially related to digitalization and carbon footprint reduction. The paper also speculates on the possible application of the system and component technologies to support alternative energy development in the future.