bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alphabet
Authors: Pae Hye K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the characteristics of the alphabet as a writing system. It first describes the classifications of writing systems and the criteria for an ideal writing system, including representability, producibility, and interpretability. The alphabet is considered to be a more efficient writing system than Chinese characters in that it takes only 20 to 30 graphs to represent the entire repertoire of spoken language. This enhances learnability because learners do not have to rote-memorize thousands of syllables or characters. An ideal orthography is also discussed. Finally discussed are the strengths and weaknesses of the alphabet as a writing system.
Boosted jet techniques for a supersymmetric scenario with gravitino LSP
Authors: Bhardwaj Akanksha , Dutta Juhi , Konar Partha , Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup , Rai Santosh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Search for compressed supersymmetry at multi-TeV scale, in the presence of a light gravitino dark matter, can get sizable uplift while looking into the associated fat- jets with missing transverse momenta as a signature of the boson produced in the decay process of much heavier next-to-lightest sparticle. We focus on the hadronic decay of the ensuing Higgs and/or Z boson giving rise to at least two fat-jets and "Image missing" in the final state. We perform a detailed background study adopting a multivariate analysis using a boosted decision tree to provide a robust investigation to explore the discovery potential for such signal at 14 TeV LHC considering different benchmark points satisfying all the theoretical and experimental constraints. This channel provides the best discovery prospects with most of the benchmarks discoverable within an integrated luminosity of $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{L}} $$
ℒ
= 200 fb−1. Kinematic observables are investigated in order to distinguish between compressed and uncompressed spectra having similar event yields.
Microvascular dysfunction in COVID-19: the MYSTIC study
Authors: Rovas Alexandros , Osiaevi Irina , Buscher Konrad , Sackarnd Jan , Tepasse Phil-Robin , Fobker Manfred , Kühn Joachim , Braune Stephan , Göbel Ulrich , Thölking Gerold , Gröschel Andreas , Pavenstädt Hermann , Vink Hans , Kümpers Philipp 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Pre-clinical and autopsy studies have fueled the hypothesis that a dysregulated vascular endothelium might play a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and multi-organ failure in COVID-19.

Objectives
To comprehensively characterize and quantify microvascular alterations in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

Hospitalized adult patients with moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 (n = 23) were enrolled non-consecutively in this prospective, observational, cross-sectional, multi-center study. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as controls. All participants underwent intravital microscopy by sidestream dark field imaging to quantify vascular density, red blood cell velocity (VRBC), and glycocalyx dimensions (perfused boundary region, PBR) in sublingual microvessels. Circulating levels of endothelial and glycocalyx-associated markers were measured by multiplex proximity extension assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Measurements and main results
COVID-19 patients showed an up to 90% reduction in vascular density, almost exclusively limited to small capillaries (diameter 4–6 µm), and also significant reductions of VRBC. Especially, patients on mechanical ventilation showed severe glycocalyx damage as indicated by higher PBR values (i.e., thinner glycocalyx) and increased blood levels of shed glycocalyx constituents. Several markers of endothelial dysfunction were increased and correlated with disease severity in COVID-19. PBR (AUC 0.75, p = 0.01), ADAMTS13 (von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease; AUC 0.74, p = 0.02), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A; AUC 0.73, p = 0.04) showed the best discriminatory ability to predict 60-day in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Our data clearly show severe alterations of the microcirculation and the endothelial glycocalyx in patients with COVID-19. Future therapeutic approaches should consider the importance of systemic vascular involvement in COVID-19.
A-Priori Validation of Scalar Dissipation Rate Models for Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames
Authors: Sitte M. P. , Turquand d’Auzay C. , Giusti A. , Mastorakos E. , Chakraborty N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe modelling of scalar dissipation rate in conditional methods for large-eddy simulations is investigated based on a priori direct numerical simulation analysis using a dataset representing an igniting non-premixed planar jet flame. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of models typically used for large-eddy simulations of non-premixed turbulent flames with the Conditional Moment Closure combustion model. The linear relaxation model gives a good estimate of the Favre-filtered scalar dissipation rate throughout the ignition with a value of the related constant close to the one deduced from theoretical arguments. Such value of the constant is one order of magnitude higher than typical values used in Reynolds-averaged approaches. The amplitude mapping closure model provides a satisfactory estimate of the conditionally filtered scalar dissipation rate even in flows characterised by shear driven turbulence and strong density variation.
Is there a critical LH level for hCG trigger after the detection of LH surge in modified natural frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles?
Authors: Kahraman Semra , Sahin Yucel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is no consensus yet in the literature on an optimal luteinizing hormone (LH) level for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) trigger timing in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with modified natural cycles (mNC). The objective of our study was to compare the clinical results of hCG trigger at different LH levels in mNC-FET cases.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted in Istanbul Memorial Hospital ART and Genetics Center. A total of 1076 cases with 1163 mNC-FET cycles were evaluated. LH levels between the start of LH rise (15 IU/L) and LH peak level (> 40 IU/L) were evaluated. Cycles were analyzed in four groups: group A (n = 287) LH level on the day prior to the day of hCG; groups B, C and D, LH levels on the day of hCG: group B (n = 245) LH 15–24.9; group C (n = 253), LH 25–39.9; group D (n = 383) LH ≥ 40. Cycle outcomes in the four groups were compared.

Results
Subgroup analyses of mNC-FET groups showed that implantation, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, and pregnancy losses were not significantly different in patients with different LH levels on the day of hCG trigger.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that hCG can be administered at any time between the start of LH rise (≥ 15 IU/L) and LH peak level (≥ 40 IU/L) without a detrimental effect on clinical outcome.
Flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams containing thermoregulating microcapsules with phosphazene-based monomers
Authors: Szczotok Anna M. , Madsen Dan , Serrano Angel , Carmona Manuel , Van Hees Patrick , Rodriguez Juan F. , Kjøniksen Anna-Lena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermoregulating microcapsules (MC) with flame-retardant properties were used to produce polyurethane (PU) foams. Thermogravimetric analyses of the microcapsules performed under atmospheric air and nitrogen confirmed that the hexa(methacryloylethylenedioxy) cyclotriphosphazene (PNC-HEMA) monomer raised the amount of residue after exposure to high temperature, proving the formation of a thermally stable char layer. Additionally, the flame-retardant properties of the microcapsules were analyzed by micro-combustion calorimetry (MCC), and the PU foams were tested by both MCC and cone calorimetry. The total heat release and maximum heat release rate were lower for microcapsules containing the flame-retardant PNC-HEMA. The composition of the microcapsules has been proved by MCC and TGA, where the release of the encapsulated phase change material (PCM) occurred at the expected temperature. However, in PU foams, the release of PCM is shifted to higher temperatures. Accordingly, these materials can be considered as an important alternative to commonly used microcapsules containing phase PCMs, where a lower flammability is required for their future application.

Graphic abstract
Subgroups of Long-Term Sick-Listed Based on Prognostic Return to Work Factors Across Diagnoses: A Cross-Sectional Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Standal Martin Inge , Aasdahl Lene , Jensen Chris , Foldal Vegard Stolsmo , Hagen Roger , Fors Egil Andreas , Solbjør Marit , Hjemdal Odin , Grotle Margreth , Meisingset Ingebrigt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComorbidity is common among long-term sick-listed and many prognostic factors for return to work (RTW) are shared across diagnoses. RTW interventions have small effects, possibly due to being averaged across heterogeneous samples. Identifying subgroups based on prognostic RTW factors independent of diagnoses might help stratify interventions. The aim of this study was to identify and describe subgroups of long-term sick-listed workers, independent of diagnoses, based on prognostic factors for RTW. Latent class analysis of 532 workers sick-listed for eight weeks was used to identify subgroups based on seven prognostic RTW factors (self-reported health, anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain, self-efficacy, work ability, RTW expectations) and four covariates (age, gender, education, physical work). Four classes were identified: Class 1 (45% of participants) was characterized by favorable scores on the prognostic factors; Class 2 (22%) by high anxiety and depressive symptoms, younger age and higher education; Class 3 (16%) by overall poor scores including high pain levels; Class 4 (17%) by physical work and lack of workplace adjustments. Class 2 included more individuals with a psychological diagnosis, while diagnoses were distributed more proportionate to the sample in the other classes. The identified classes illustrate common subgroups of RTW prognosis among long-term sick-listed individuals largely independent of diagnosis. These classes could in the future assist RTW services to provide appropriate type and extent of follow-up, however more research is needed to validate the class structure and examine how these classes predict outcomes and respond to interventions.
Absolute instability of an annular jet: local stability analysis
Authors: Boguslawski A. , Wawrzak K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper presents parametric studies of the first and second azimuthal absolute modes in annular non-swirling and swirling jets. The spatio-temporal linear stability analysis is applied to investigate an influence of governing parameters including axial velocity gradients in inner and outer shear layers, back-flow velocity, swirl number and shape of the azimuthal velocity. A new base flow is formulated allowing a flexible variation of the shape of axial and azimuthal velocity profiles. It is shown that the first helical absolute mode is governed mainly by the back-flow velocity and swirl intensity. A steepness of the inner shear layer can control the absolute mode frequency. The velocity gradient in the outer shear layer and the shape of the azimuthal velocity have rather limited impact on the absolute mode characteristics. Finally, it is shown that the second helical absolute mode can dominate the flow with a stronger swirl intensity.
Improving efficiency of the largest Lyapunov exponent’s estimation by its determination from the vector field properties
Authors: Dabrowski Artur , Balcerzak Marek , Pikunov Danylo , Stefanski Andrzej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractControlling dynamics of nonlinear systems is one of the most important issues in science and engineering. Thus, there is continuous need to study and develop numerical algorithms of control methods. Among the most frequently applied invariants characterizing different aspects of a systems’ dynamics are Lyapunov exponents, fast Lyapunov index, angles of small deviations, fractal dimension or entropy. There exist many different methods of estimation of these indicators. In this paper, modification of our novel method is presented. We have shown that LLE can be estimated from the vector field properties by means of the most basic mathematical operations. Results of efficiency measurements for typical mechanical, electrical and random systems were discussed. We have proved that discussed modification introduced to our method makes the LLE estimation 17–53% faster than using classical algorithms. In addition, unlike the results presented in our previous publication, an improvement in performance was achieved for each of the analyzed cases. As such, the new approach lends to prospective application of LLE not only in dynamical systems' stability investigations, but also in real-time control of systems since the basic calculations and fast, effective method of LLE estimation can be applied even in simple microcontrollers. Our approach could be also applied in investigations of vector field properties, global stability or basins of attraction analyses, allowing for huge time savings.
Feasibility of implementing a text-based symptom-monitoring program of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer patients during treatment
Authors: Naughton Michelle J. , Salani Ritu , Peng Juan , Lustberg Maryam , DeGraffinreid Cecilia , Moon Jennifer , Loyan Hibaq , Beverly Hery Chloe M. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of implementing systematic patient symptom monitoring during treatment using a smartphone.

Methods
Endometrial [n = 50], ovarian [n = 70] and breast [n = 193] cancer patients participated in text-based symptom reporting for up to 12 months. In order to promote equity, patients without a smartphone were provided with a device, with the phone charges paid by program funds. Each month, patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 4 single items assessing fatigue, sleep quality, pain, and global quality of life during the past 7 days rated on a 0 (low) –10 (high) scale. Patients’ responses were captured using REDCap, with oncologists receiving monthly feedback. Lay navigators provided assistance to patients with non-medical needs.

Results
Patients utilizing this voluntary program had an overall mean age of 60.5 (range 26–87), and 85% were non-Hispanic white. iPhones were provided to 42 patients, and navigation services were used by 69 patients. Average adherence with monthly surveys ranged between 75–77%, with breast patients having lower adherence after 5 months. The most commonly reported symptoms across cancer types were moderate levels (scores of 4–7) of fatigue and sleep disturbance. At 6 months, 71–77% of all patients believed the surveys were useful to them and their health care team.

Conclusions
We established the feasibility of initiating and managing patients in a monthly text-based symptom-monitoring program. The provision of smartphones and patient navigation were unique and vital components of this program.
Web mining for innovation ecosystem mapping: a framework and a large-scale pilot study
Authors: Kinne Jan , Axenbeck Janna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExisting approaches to model innovation ecosystems have been mostly restricted to qualitative and small-scale levels or, when relying on traditional innovation indicators such as patents and questionnaire-based survey, suffered from a lack of timeliness, granularity, and coverage. Websites of firms are a particularly interesting data source for innovation research, as they are used for publishing information about potentially innovative products, services, and cooperation with other firms. Analyzing the textual and relational content on these websites and extracting innovation-related information from them has the potential to provide researchers and policy-makers with a cost-effective way to survey millions of businesses and gain insights into their innovation activity, their cooperation, and applied technologies. For this purpose, we propose a web mining framework for consistent and reproducible mapping of innovation ecosystems. In a large-scale pilot study we use a database with 2.4 million German firms to test our framework and explore firm websites as a data source. Thereby we put particular emphasis on the investigation of a potential bias when surveying innovation systems through firm websites if only certain firm types can be surveyed using our proposed approach. We find that the availability of a websites and the characteristics of the website (number of subpages and hyperlinks, text volume, language used) differs according to firm size, age, location, and sector. We also find that patenting firms will be overrepresented in web mining studies. Web mining as a survey method also has to cope with extremely large and hyper-connected outlier websites and the fact that low broadband availability appears to prevent some firms from operating their own website and thus excludes them from web mining analysis. We then apply the proposed framework to map an exemplary innovation ecosystem of Berlin-based firms that are engaged in artificial intelligence. Finally, we outline several approaches how to transfer firm website content into valuable innovation indicators.
Intelligenzminderung und Schuldfähigkeit
Authors: Lange Jan 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungWer zur Frage der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung bei Intelligenzminderung in forensisch-psychiatrischen Lehrbüchern nachschlägt, findet vielfach und teils sehr anschaulich in schematischer Aufbereitung eine Beurteilungsmaßgabe, dass beischwerster und schwerer Intelligenzminderung die Einsichtsfähigkeit aufgehoben, beimittelgradiger Intelligenzminderung teils die Einsichts- und teils die Steuerungsfähigkeit aufgehobenund beileichter Intelligenzminderung entweder die Einsichtsfähigkeit oder die Steuerungsfähigkeitentwedervermindert oder aufgehobenseien. Eine psychopathologische Fundierung dieser Leitsätze oder eine Darlegung möglicher Begründungswege von Fähigkeitsbeeinträchtigungen entsprechend den §§ 20, 21 StGB wird jedoch in aller Regel nicht geboten. Nachfolgend soll versucht werden, unter Bezugnahme auf aktuelle diagnostische Kriterien und Konzeptionen der Intelligenzminderung, die über die isolierte Bestimmung eines IQ-Werts hinausweisen, weitere Orientierung bei der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung von Straftätern mit Intelligenzminderung zu bieten.
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Haematopoietic Damage after Radiation
Authors: Kong Fanxuan , Wu Chu-Tse , Geng Panpan , Liu Chao , Xiao Fengjun , Wang Li-Sheng , Wang Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy can cause haematopoietic damage, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to reverse this damage. Our previous research showed that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a strong proliferation capacity and can produce abundant amounts of EVs to meet the requirements for use in vitro and in vivo. DPSCs derived EVs (DPSCs-EVs) are evaluated for their effect on reducing haematopoietic damage. Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers and function were assessed by flow cytometry, peripheral blood cell counts, histology and bone marrow transplantation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was used as a reference for evaluating the efficiency of EVs. miRNA microarray was employed to find out the changes of miRNA expression after cells being irradiated in vivo and the role they may play in mitigation the radiation caused injury. We observed the effect of DPSCs-EVs on promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and FDC-P1 cells in vitro. We found that DPSCs-EVs and EGF could comparably inhibit the decrease in WBC, CFU count and KSL cells in vivo. We also verified that EVs could accelerate the recovery of long-term HSCs. In summary, DPSCs-EVs showed an apoptosis resistant effect on HUVECs and FDC-P1 cells after radiation injury in vitro. EVs from DPSCs were comparable to EGF in their ability to regulate haematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury in vivo. Radiation could alter the expression of some miRNAs in bone marrow cells, and EVs could correct these changes to some extent.
Zebrafish Larvae Carrying a Splice Variant Mutation in cacna1d: A New Model for Schizophrenia-Like Behaviours?
Authors: Banono Nancy Saana , Gawel Kinga , De Witte Linus , Esguerra Camila V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPersons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theCACNA1Dgene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. The molecular consequences of SNPs on gene expression and protein function are not well understood. Thus, the use of animal models to determine genotype-phenotype correlations is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish carrying an essential splice site mutation (sa17298) incacna1da. Heterozygous mutation resulted in 50% reduction of splice variants 201 and 202 (haploinsufficiency), while homozygosity increased transcript levels of variant 201 above wild type (WT; gain-of-function, GOF). Due to low homozygote viability, we focused primarily on performing the phenotypic analysis on heterozygotes. Indeed,cacna1dasa17298/WTlarvae displayed hyperlocomotion—a behaviour characterised in zebrafish as a surrogate phenotype for epilepsy, anxiety or psychosis-like behaviour. Follow-up tests ruled out anxiety or seizures, however, as neither thigmotaxis defects nor epileptiform-like discharges in larval brains were observed. We therefore focused on testing for potential “psychosis-like” behaviour by assayingcacna1dasa17298/WTlarval locomotor activity under constant light, during light-dark transition and in startle response to dark flashes. Furthermore, exposure of larvae to the antipsychotics, risperidone and haloperidol reversedcacna1da-induced hyperactivity to WT levels while valproate decreased but did not reverse hyperactivity. Together, these findings demonstrate thatcacna1dahaploinsufficiency induces behaviours in larval zebrafish analogous to those observed in rodent models of psychosis. Future studies on homozygous mutants will determine howcacna1dGOF alters behaviour in this context.
Regulation der Chaperonaktivität im endoplasmatischen Retikulum
Authors: Preissler Steffen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaintenance of protein homeostasis depends on cellular stress response pathways that mediate adaptive changes in gene expression. In the endoplasmic reticulum additional mechanisms adjust the availability of the abundant Hsp70-type chaperone, BiP, during short-term fluctuations in the unfolded protein load. Here, recent insights into the regulation of BiP by incorporation into inactive oligomers and reversible AMPylation are discussed.