bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of iodine status on nutritional status of school-age children in artisanal and small scale gold mining area
Authors: Ekawanti Ardiana , Irawati Deasy , Lestarini Ima Arum , Cholidah Rifana 
Published: April 2020

Background: Nutritional status of school-age children is influenced by several factors, e.g., nutrition intake, hormone, and underlying disease. Mercury, as a pollutant from artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM), inhibits thyroxin production-metabolism regulating hormone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of iodine status and nutritional intake on nutritional status of school-age children in ASGM area.Methods: Study design was cross sectional. There were two groups; case group was school-age children exposed by mercury from ASGM area from Sekotong subdistrict, and control group was school-age children in Narmada subdistrict. Sixty two children from ASGM were enrolled, and fifty two children from the Narmada subdistrict. Iodine status was assessed by measured urine iodine excretion using acid digestion method; nutrition intake assessed by using recall 24 hours; nutritional status by measured anthropometry. Correlation between nutritional and iodine status was examined by using Spearmanâ€™ test.Results: Nutritional status of case group found 45.1 % were stunted and 27.4 % were underweight. Control group found 13.4 % Â stunted and 9.6 % underweight. Iodine status of case group: 3.9 %Â deficient and 68.6 % at risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, the control group was found that 3.8 % inadequate and 72.8 % at risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. Iodine intake both groups were under RDA value that of the case group was 8.3 Âµg/day, and the control group was 11.5 Âµg/day. All nutrition supporting growth did not meet the RDA value.Â Spearmanâ€™s test result was p=0.56.Conclusion: Iodine status did not correlate with the nutritional status of children in ASGM area.
Optimisation of hand sanitiser gel formula of Tekelan leaves extract (Chromolaena odorata) using simplex lattice design method
Authors: Martyasari Ni Wayan Riyani , Andayani Yayuk , Hajrin Wahida 
Published: April 2020

Background: Tekelan leaves (Chromolaena odorata) has been commonly used traditionally as a medicine. It is known that Tekelan leaves have bioactivity as an antibacterial. These leaves have antibacterial activity for both gram-positive and negative bacteria so that it can be made for semi-solid preparation namely hand sanitiser gel (HSG). This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of HSG base with TLE and determine the physical characteristics of the optimum formula.Methods: Sample extraction was done by maceration method with 96% of ethanol (1:10). Dechlorophyllation with n-hexane also used to separate the chlorophyll and to get a better colour of extract while it formulated in gel form. Optimisation of the gel is conducted with the simplex lattice design (SLD) method. SLD method is available in Design-Expert software. The method was designed to optimise the formula with different concentration of different component (Gliserin, TEA, and Carbopol) so it can produce the optimum formula. The evaluation of HSG involves spreadability test, sticky power and pH test. Furthermore, the acceptability evaluation was done by 20 respondents.Results: The optimum gel base formula is consists of 1.860% glycerin, 2.901% TEA, and 0.739% carbopol with spreadability 3.673 cm, sticky power 1.181 s, and pH 7.187. The acceptability of the C. odorata HSG also compared with one of the commercial HSG. The percentage of acceptability of C. odorata HSG is 75.25% and 80.25% for the commercial HSG.Conclusion: HSGÂ preparationsÂ of TLEÂ which are formulated using optimum base formula have good physical properties.
Clinical and plain x-ray findings of spinal metastases: a retrospective study of pathologically-confirmed cases
Authors: Suyasa I Ketut , Astawa Ni Made Puspa Dewi 
Published: April 2020

Background: Malignancy of breast, prostate, and lung contribute to metastatic bone disease, and the metastases are mostly located in the spine. Spinal metastases may involve the spinal cord, leptomeninges, epidural space and also the bone itself. Therefore, proper imaging is needed in early detection and diagnosis of spinal metastasis. This study aimed to perform the clinical and plain x-ray findings in patients with spinal metastasis.Â Â Method: A retrospective study was conducted on 28 spine pathological fracture patients with neurologic deficits who underwent surgical intervention in Sanglah General Hospital during a year. We evaluated the present symptoms, neurological status (Frankel score), pathological reports by plain x-ray findings, metastases cell type by histological assessment, and extension of mass expansion on MRI. A total of 20 cases that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated.Result: Most patients suffer from pathologic fracture on thoracic spine level, followed by lumbosacral level and none on cervical spine level. The compressive fracture was a major finding on plain x-ray. The extradural lesions account for most of the MRI findings, followed by intradural/extramedullary and intramedullary lesion. Primary tumours that lead to bone metastases in this serial-cases are prostate, breast, cervix, kidney and lung cancer, respectively.Conclusion: Thoracic spine is the most common spinal metastases manifestation. Conventional plain x-ray is the most initial modality to evaluate systemic neoplasia patients with spinal pain, although it is not a sensitive indicator to identify the presence and extent of metastatic involvement.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Osseointegrated Implants Placed in Bone of Different Densities With Cemented Fixed Prosthetic Restoration
Authors: Chidambaravalli Kasthuri , Krishnan Vinod 
Published: April 2020

A key factor for a successful dental implant is the manner in which stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. Strength of bone is directly related to its density. Maximum stresses are reported to be incurred by the crestal cortical bone surrounding the implant. Displacement of implants is significantly higher in soft cancellous bone than dense bone. Implants are often placed in bone of different densities to support fixed dental prostheses. This study was aimed at assessing stress and deformation generated by osseointegrated implants placed in bone of different densities on a cemented fixed prosthesis when subjected to static and dynamic loading.
A 3-dimensional finite element analysis was done on a computer-aided design model simulating maxillary bone segment with 2 different bone densities (D2 and D4). The effect of loading was evaluated at the implant–bone interface, implant–abutment interface, abutment, implant abutment connecting screw, cementing medium, and fixed prosthesis. Stresses were calculated using von Mises criteria calibrated in megapascals and deformation in millimeters. These were represented in color-coded maps from blue to red (showing minimum to maximum stress/deformation), depicted as contour lines with different colors connecting stress/deformation points. The study found greater von Mises stress in D2 than D4 bone, and in D2 bone the component with higher stress was the implant. Deformation was greater in D4 than D2 bone, and in D4 bone the abutment-prosthesis interface showed more deformation.
KEMAMPUAN GURU PAUD DALAM MENATA LINGKUNGKUNGAN BELAJAR DITINJAU DARI KUALIFIKASI AKADEMIK
Authors: Nurjanah Dwi Sri , Setiasih Ocih , Kurniawati Leli 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar antara guru yang berlatar belakang pendidikan relevan dengan PAUD dan yang berlatar belakang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ex-post facto. Tes dilakukan kepada guru PAUD di Kecamatan Lengkong Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 50 orang yang tersebar di 7 PAUD/TK. Instrumen pengumpulan data mengacu pada rusman (2012) serta dikembangkan dan disesuaikan oleh peneliti. Analisis statistik untuk mengetahi perbedaan pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar menggunakan uji statistik Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) Profil pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar yang berlatar belakang pendidikan relevan dengan PAUD berada pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 93,33% . 2) Profil pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar yang berlatar belakang pendidikan tidak relevan dengan PAUD berada pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 75%. 3) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000 0,05) antara guru yang berlatar belakang pendidikan yang relevan dan tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kualifikasi akademik menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan guru dalam menata lingkungan belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka peneliti merekomendasikan agar guru PAUD dapat memenuhi latar belakang pendidikan sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku guna meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam menata lingkungan belajar.
Quality of life in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Bhuptani Neela V. , Parmar Pratik J. , Selot Nilam K. , Patel Bharti K. 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vitiligo is an acquired disorder characterized by well circumscribed depigmented macules and patches that result from a progressive loss of functional melanocytes. In India and perhaps elsewhere also patients with vitiligo have severe psychological and social problems. Quality of life is multidimensional index of different social, behavioural and cultural factors. Different tools were developed for measuring quality of life focusing on different conditions and diseases. The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire is designed for use in patients of age more than 16. It can be used to measure the impact of vitiligo on quality of life. To assess the dermatology specific quality of life in patients with vitiligo. To study impact of vitiligo on their quality of life.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study 150 patients diagnosed with vitiligo during a 1-year period were included. DLQI was calculated for every patient. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean DLQI score in our study was 6.14. There was a statistically significant difference in mean DLQI of unmarried as compared to married. There were no statically significant differences in other groups. Out of 150 patients of vitiligo, 3 (2%) patients had no effect, 66 (44%) patients had small effect, 69 (46%) patients have moderate effect, while 12 (8%) patient had very large effect of vitiligo on their quality of life.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Vitiligo affects quality of life in majority of patients. So, it should be treated aggressively with various treatment modality along with proper counselling and psychological support.</p>
Metabolic Fitness of T Cells in Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Wu Bowen , Goronzy Jörg J. , Weyand Cornelia M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively common autoimmune diseases, often considered prototypic examples for how protective immunity switches to destructive immunity. The autoantigens recognized in RA and SLE are distinct, clinical manifestations are partially overlapping. A shared feature is the propensity of the adaptive immune system to respond inappropriately, with T cell hyper-responsiveness a pinnacle pathogenic defect. Upon antigen recognition, T cells mobilize a multi-pranged metabolic program, enabling them to massively expand and turn into highly mobile effector cells. Current evidence supports that T cells from patients with RA or SLE adopt metabolic programs different from healthy T cells, in line with the concept that autoimmune effector functions rely on specified pathways of energy sensing, energy generation and energy utilization. Due to misrouting of the energy sensor AMPK, RA T cells have a defect in balancing catabolic and anabolic processes and deviate towards a cell-building program. They supply biosynthetic precursors by shunting glucose away from glycolytic breakdown towards the pentose phosphate pathway and upregulate lipogenesis, enabling cellular motility and tissue invasiveness. Conversely, T cells from SLE patients are committed to high glycolytic flux, overusing the mitochondrial machinery and imposing oxidative stress. Typically, disease-relevant effector functions in SLE are associated with inappropriate activation of the key metabolic regulator mTORC1. Taken together, disease-specific metabolic signatures in RA and SLE represent vulnerabilities that are therapeutically targetable to suppress pathogenic immune responses.
Treatment of Dupuytren's Disease
Authors: Gocke Thomas V. 
Published: April 2020

Update
This article was updated on June 12, 2020, because of a previous error.
An erratum (JBJS JOPA. 2020;8[2]: e0024ER) has been published for this article.
Dupuytren's disease is a benign fibromatosis that affects the palmar and digital fascia. The pathology associated with the development of Dupuytren's disease is the cause of some debate. Patients usually present with firm dense nodules or cords that cause flexion contractures of the metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joints or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. The severity of contracture, amount of functional impairment, and patient desired treatment will have an effect on the overall recovery following treatment. Historically, the standard of care for Dupuytren's disease was open surgical fasciectomy, percutaneous/open fasciotomy, and needle fasciotomy. Indications for surgical intervention include patients with functional impairment and metacarpophalangeal joint contractures of 30° or more. Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH), (enzymatic fasciotomy), which lyses collagen and leads to disruption of contracted cords, is an office-based, minimally invasive, nonsurgical option for the treatment of advanced Dupuytren's disease. Many of the studies looking at treatment with collagenase/manual manipulation have reported favorable 5-year outcomes. These studies have shown near-normal return of range of motion at the MCP and, to a lesser extent, PIP joints. The side effect/adverse effect profile has been promising. Injection sight pain and skin tears are the more commonly reported events associated with CCH therapy. Surgical fasciotomy has reported the most severe adverse effects consisting of sensory, motor, and vascular injuries. Physicians have used extension orthoses postoperatively to maintain finger extension following fasciotomy vs. fasciectomy. Some research studies have questioned the value of extension splinting indicating that the tension placed on the contracted tissue can lead to local tissue hypoxia. This has been reported to trigger a flare reaction and thus lead to more increased scar tissue formation. The treatment of Dupuytren's disease requires a comprehensive assessment of the patients' physical limitations; most consider cost-effective therapies that have limited adverse effects and provide long-term improvement in their daily functional activities.
The impact of albumin infusion on the risk of rebleeding and in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study of a single institute
Authors: Wang Zhu , Xie Ya-Wen , Lu Qing , Yan Hai-Lin , Liu Xin-Bin , Long Yi , Zhang Xian , Yang Jinlin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effect of albumin infusion on cirrhotic patients admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: Medical records of cirrhotic patients who admitted due to acute gastrointestinal bleeding through January 2009 to December 2018 were systemically reviewed. Clinical data and the total amount of albumin and red blood cell used during hospitalization were recorded. For patients with rebleeding, the amount of albumin and red blood cell used before rebleeding was also documented. The primary outcome was the occurrence of rebleeding, and the second outcome was in-hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with rebleeding and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 2239 cirrhotic patients were included in the analysis. There were 245 episodes of in-patient rebleeding occurred, while 135 patients died. Overall, more red blood cells and albumin were prescribed to patients who suffered rebleeding. In terms of the amount before rebleeding, the red blood cell was higher in patients with rebleeding, but the albumin infusion was similar. In the multivariate model, the albumin infusion was an independent risk factor associated with rebleeding (adjusted OR for ≤40g, 0.385 [0.252-0.588], p<0.001; OR for >40g, 0.295 [0.169-0.514], p<0.001). The use of albumin more than 40g during hospitalization associated with a lower risk of in-patient mortality (adjusted OR for ≤40g, 0.730[0.375-1.423] , p=0.356; OR for >40g, 0.389 [0.180-0.838], p=0.016). Conclusions: Albumin infusion was associated with a lower risk of rebleeding and in-hospital deaths in cirrhosis admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context
Authors: Adedimeji Adebola Alade , Ajeh Rogers , Pierz Amanda , Nkeng Relindis , Nde Jackson Jr. , Fuhngwa Norbert , Nsame Denis , Nji Miriam , Dzudie Anastase , Anastos Kathryn M. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Cervical-cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical-cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical-cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage systematic sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical-cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical-cancer, lack of access to information on and excessive costs for cervical-cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical-cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical-cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical-cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that can inform the design of effective interventions to increase uptake of cervical-cancer screening.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of New Generation Tympanic Thermometry in Children under Different Cutoffs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Dan , Zhang Liyuan , Li Haixia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purposes: To identify and quantify studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of the new generation of infrared tympanic thermometer (IRTT) in children and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of IRTT under different cutoffs and give the optimal cutoff. Methods: Articles were derived from a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase, and were assessed for internal validity by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2　（QUADAS-Ⅱ）. The figure of risk of bias was created by Review Manager 5.3 and data were synthesized by MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Nineteen diagnostic studies, involving 4,639 pediatric patients, were included. The cut-offs varied from 37.0℃ to 38.0℃ among these studies. The cut-off 37.8℃ was with the highest sROC AUC (0.97) and Youden Index (0.83) and was deemed to be the optimal cutoff. Conclusion: The optimal cutoff for infrared tympanic thermometers is 37.8℃. New Generation Tympanic Thermometry is with high diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients and can be an alternative for fever screening in children.
Comparing the Effect of Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Opium Tincture on QTc Interval in Addicted Patients Undergoing Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Hosseini Leila , Seyedi Malihe , Hojjat Seyyed Kaveh , Rezaeian Nahid , Khalili Mina Norouzi , Zadehbagheri Fatemeh , Asadian Sanaz , Bakhtiarpour Saeed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives on Family Presence During Resuscitation in the Emergency Departments of the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Abuzeyad Feras , Elhobi Ahmed , Kamkoum Wael , Bashmi Luma , Qasim Ghada Al , Alqasem Leena , Mansoor Naser Mohamed Ali , Hsu Stephanie , Das Priya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, policies exist on family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), however, this is still lacking in the Gulf Corporation Countries (GCC) in general and in the Kingdom of Bahrain in particular. The aim of this study is to assess the perspectives of healthcare providers (HP) on FPDR among those working in the emergency departments (EDs) in the Kingdom. Methods: A self-administered anonymous electronic survey was collected from 146 HPs (emergency physicians and nurses) working in the three major EDs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Besides demographic data, 18 items measuring HPs’ perceptions of FPDR were generated using the 5-point Likert scale.Results: Surveys (n= 146) from physicians and nurses were analysed (45.9% vs. 54.1%, respectively). There were significant differences between physicians and nurses in terms of personal beliefs, FPDR enhancing professional satisfaction and behaviour, and the importance of a support person and saying goodbye (p< 0.001). However, general responses demonstrated that the majority of HPs encouraged and supported FPDR, but with greater support from physicians than nurses. Conclusion: The study reflects that many HPs in EDs participated in and are familiar with FPDR, with the majority of ED physicians supporting it. Further studies should investigate the reasons for the lack of support from nurses. Results may contribute to the development of hospital ED policies that allow FPDR in the region.