bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity and effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 prevention and control in major cities in China through time-varying reproduction numbers estimation
Authors: Cheng Qing , Liu Zeyi , Cheng Guangquan , Huang Jincai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
From December 31, 2019, a large-scale 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in China. Tracking and analyzing the heterogeneity and effectiveness of cities’ prevention and control for COVID-19 epidemic is essential to design and adjust epidemic prevention and control. The number of newly infected cases in 25 China’s worst cities for COVID-19 epidemic from January 11 to February 10 was collected. The heterogeneity and effectiveness of these 25 cities’ prevention and control measures for COVID-19 were analyzed by using a estimate time-varying reproduction numbers method and a serial correlation method. The results shown that the effective reproduction number (R) in 25 cities showed a downward trend as a whole, but there was a significant difference in the R change trends among cities indicating that there was heterogeneity in the spread and control of COVID-19 in cities. Moreover, the COVID-19 control in 21 of 25 cities were effective and the risk of infection was decreasing due to their R had dropped below 1 on February 10, 2020 and the average decline of R in the past 5 days was greater than 0, while cities of Wuhan, Tianmen, Ezhou and Enshi were still difficult to effectively control the COVID-19 epidemic in a short period of time because their R was also greater than 1.
Review of Network Technology System from the Past, Present to the Future
Authors: Mou Chengjin , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since China’s public network got access to the Internet in 1994, the study, research and understanding of the Internet have been blindly superstitious to the United States for a long time, copying the rules and regulations of the United States, and the textbooks in the field of Internet and information are almost completely Americanized. For more than 20 years, we have not formed our own systematic and profound research and practical views on the Internet, most of which are based on the half understood, ignorant, and parrot-like knowledge and cognition instilled from the United States.
Being controlled by others in ideology is even worse than in technology. At present, China’s understanding of the Internet is very superficial from the superior to inferior. We failed to firmly grasp the technology controlled by others and legal key points. We didn’t adhere to independent innovation, which resulted in that we were repeatedly passive or even long-term passiveness in cyberspace strategies and tactics.
This paper will start from the history and technical characteristics of the emergence of the Internet, comprehensively discuss the problems that have existed since the emergence of the Internet more than 20 years ago, and reflect on the future development of the international network, making the Internet a truly open and shared international network.
Experimental observations of TiO2 activity in rutile-undersaturated melts
Authors: Ackerson Michael R. , Mysen Bjørn O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An estimate of TiO2 activity (aTiO2melt-sat) is necessary for the application of trace-element thermobarometry of magmatic systems where melts are typically undersaturated with respect to rutile/anatase. Experiments were performed in the system SiO2-Na2O-TiO2 to develop two independent methods of estimating aTiO2melt-sat—one based on the commonly applied rutile-saturation technique and another utilizing a novel Ti-in-tridymite thermometer. It is demonstrated that the rutile-saturation model can lead to an overestimate of aTiO2melt-sat relative to TiO2 activity calculated using the solubility of Ti in tridymite (SiO2) coexisting with rutile. Overestimation via the rutile-saturation technique is due to variations in the solubility mechanisms of Ti in the melt phase as a function of Ti content. In natural systems, overestimates of aTiO2melt-sat will lead to an underestimation of crystallization temperatures by Ti-based trace-element thermobarometers. Although this study is not directly applicable to natural systems, it lays the groundwork for future research on natural composition magmas to constrain TiO2 activity in melts.
Hydraulic damping nonlinearity of a compact hydro-pneumatic suspension considering gas-oil emulsion
Authors: Yin Yuming , Rakheja Subhash , Yang Jue , Lozano-Guzman Alejandro 
Published: April 2020

Hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS) systems could attenuate broad-frequency-range vibration mainly via the nonlinear hydraulic damping property. While the strut design with shared gas-oil chamber leads to gas-oil emulsion within strut chambers which intricately affects the fluid flows between the coupled chambers and thus the damping force. This study investigated the temperature- and frequency-dependent hydraulic damping properties of a compact hydro-pneumatic suspension strut, in terms of the flow discharge coefficients. A laboratory experiment was performed at nearly-constant strut temperature of 30, 40 and 50 °C, in the frequency range of 0.5-8 Hz. The obtained experimental data are used to identify the discharge coefficients of the emulsion flow across bleed orifices and check valves, which determine the damping property of the considered strut. An analytical model is established, and the simulation results obtained under different strut temperature and excitation frequencies showed reasonably good agreements with the experimental data. The results suggested greater discharge coefficient of the bleed orifice than that of the check valve, which might be due to the relatively complex structure of the check valves. Greater excitation frequency was shown to decrease the discharge coefficients in a nonlinear manner, irrespective of the strut temperature. Greater strut temperature, however, leaded to greater discharge coefficient of the check valve. Increasing the excitation frequency from 0.5 Hz to 8 Hz resulted in nearly 14 % decrease in the discharge coefficient of check valve at a constant strut temperature of 50 °C.
Finite element modelling and dynamic characteristic analysis of the human CTL-Spine
Authors: Dayanand Shreyas , Kumar B R Dhruva , Rao Ankit , C V Chandrashekara , B Khot Mantesh , Shetty Harshvardhan 
Published: April 2020

Persistent exposure to whole body vibrations is the fundamental cause for lower back pain and disc degeneration. With an increasing amount of population exposed to whole body vibrations, a significant number of people experience fatal spine diseases. Substantial research is carried out to reduce the risk of spinal injuries. The dynamic characteristics of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar (CTL) region are studied extensively as individual sections of the spine. Few studies have focused on the CTL spine as an assembly of the three segments. In the present work, an authentic three dimensional geometrical model of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine is developed in mimics considering its natural curvature and the intervertebral discs are modeled in Design modeler. The natural frequency and mode shapes of the CTL spine are extracted using free vibration modal analysis considering 4.5 kg point mass on C1 vertebra and distributed mass of 40 kg on the CTL spine in Ansys Workbench. Six natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration modes are obtained from the finite element model. The results of this study aims to provide a reliable model for further biomechanical analysis and ergonomics.
Effects of sampling frequency on estimation accuracies of annual loadings for water quality parameters in different sized watersheds
Authors: Gao Lin , Qi Junyu , Li Sheng , Benoy Glenn , Xing Zisheng , Meng Fan-Rui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Potential errors or uncertainties of annual loading estimations for water quality parameters such as suspended solids (SS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ortho-phosphorus (Ortho-P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) can be greatly affected by sampling frequencies. In this study, annual loading estimation errors were assessed in terms of the coefficient of variation, relative bias, and probability of potential errors that were estimated with statistical samples taken at a series of sampling frequencies for a watershed in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada, and one of its sub-watersheds. Results indicate that annual loading estimation errors increased with decreasing sampling frequency for all water quality parameters. At the same sampling frequencies, the estimation errors were several times greater for the smaller watershed than those for the larger watershed, possibly due to the flushing nature of streamflows in the smaller watershed. We also found that low sampling frequency tended to underestimate the annual loadings of water quality parameters dominated by stormflow events (SS and K) and overestimate water quality parameters dominated by baseflow (Mg and Ca). These results can be used by hydrologists and water quality managers to determine sampling frequencies that minimize costs while providing acceptable estimation errors. This study also demonstrates a novel approach to assess potential errors when analyzing existing water quality data.
Characterization of performance of full-scale tertiary membranes under stressed operating conditions
Authors: Abu-Obaid Sara , Bérubé Pierre , Parker Wayne J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study sought to identify factors responsible for enhanced fouling of ultrafiltration membranes used in tertiary wastewater treatment under challenging conditions of high flow and low temperature. A detailed analysis of full-scale membrane operating data was conducted, and this was supported by data gathered through a field sampling campaign. Higher average fouling rates and average recoveries were observed during periods of highest flows and lowest temperatures. The results demonstrated that the negative impact of seasonal changes on short-term fouling are readily reversible, while hydraulically irreversible fouling, which is responsible for intermediate and long-term fouling rates, is not effectively recovered by maintenance cleans (MCs) but is recovered by recovery cleans (RCs). An examination of membrane feedwater quality revealed that high fouling rates correlated to an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, with the biopolymer fraction of the DOC being most important. Increased capillary suction time (CST) values, which indicate reduced sludge dewaterability, were also observed during high fouling events. It was concluded that seasonal variations result in the increased release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by microorganisms, which leads to higher membrane fouling and worsened dewaterability of the activated sludge.
Inhibition of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene on methanogenesis in anaerobic sludges from various origins
Authors: Wang A. M. , Hwu C. S. , Wu C. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nine anaerobic sludges were screened to obtain the most effective methanogenic inoculum for the anaerobic treatment of groundwater that is contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE) or trichloroethene (TCE). The selection was based on the toxicity of PCE or TCE to acetoclastic methanogens in different sludges. The effects of two biological factors, sludge origin and specific acetoclastic methanogenic activity, and a physical factor, specific surface area of sludge, on the degree of inhibition were examined and compared. The fifty percent inhibition concentrations (IC50) of PCE and TCE that were obtained from 30 °C batch inhibition tests ranged from 0.18 to 0.41 and 1.71 to 3.31 mM, respectively, for the examined sludges. The toxicity of the contaminants to anaerobic sludges did not depend on the two biological factors but was closely correlated with the specific surface area of sludge. Suspended sludges, which have higher specific surface areas than granular sludges, suffered much greater inhibition. This paper suggests the use of anaerobic granular sludges as inocula in bioreactors for treating PCE- and TCE-contaminated groundwater to reduce the effect of their inhibition.
Association of Virulence Genes with Antibiotic Resistance in Pakistani Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates
Authors: Haq Khayam ul , Noreen Shazia , Sehgal Sheikh A. , Tahir Rana A. , Essa Amjad , Ihsan Awais , Hassan Mahreen ul , Iqbal Waheed , Hussain Masroor , Hussain Hamid , Siraj Sami 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Escherichia coli various strains can cause alarmingly serious infections.
Countries like Pakistan harbour the class of bacteria with one of the highest rates of resistance, but
very little has been done to explore their genetic pool.

Objectives:
This study was designed to find out the frequency of virulence genes of Uropathogenic
E. coli and their association with antibiotic resistance along with the evolutionary adaptation of the
selected gene through the phylogenetic tree.

Methods:
Isolates from 120 urinary tract infected patients were collected. Antibiotic sensitivity
was detected by the disk diffusion method and DNA extraction was done by the boiling lysis
method followed by PCR-based detection of virulence genes. The final results were analysed using
the chi-square test.

Results:
The isolates were found to be least susceptible to nalidixic acid, followed by ampicillin,
cotrimoxazole, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and
imipenem. The iucC was the most common virulence gene among the resistant isolates. About
86% of the collected samples were found to be multi-drug resistant. Statistical analysis revealed a
significant association between the iucC gene and resistance to ampicillin (P=0.03) and amoxicillin
(P=0.04), and also between fimH and resistance to aztreonam (P=0.03).

Conclusion:
This study unravels the uncharted virulence genes of UPEC in our community for the
very first time. We report a high frequency of the iucC and fimH virulence genes. This, along with
their positive association with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in the studied community,
indicates their important role in the development of complicated UTIs.
Synthesis of new Enrofloxacin Derivatives as Potential Antibiofilm Drugs Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Siddiqui Hina , Haniffa Haroon M. , Ahmed Ayaz , Choudhary Muhammad I. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The antimicrobial resistance due to biofilm formation among bacteria is a
significant problem in the healthcare and food industries.

Objective:
The current study describes the synthesis of enrofloxacin derivatives 2-17, and the
evaluation of their anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities.

Methods:
Compounds 2-17 were synthesized through the acylation of enrofloxacin with thionyl
chloride, followed by reaction with different aromatic amines. The new analogues identified among
the sixteen compounds were 2-7, 11, 14, and 17.

Results:
Compound 2 appeared to be effective against pathogens S. aureus as well as K. pneumonia,
whereas, compound 11 was found active against K. pneumonia only. Compound 2 inhibited >75%
biofilm formation of S. aureus at 20 μg/mL and K. pneumonia at 10 μg/mL concentrations. These
doses are far below the bactericidal concentration of compound 2, suggesting the anti-virulence
mechanism of these compounds. Compound 11 inhibited 60% biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae
at 70 μg/mL concentration. Compound 5 inhibited the biofilm of K. pneumoniae at 62 μg/mL concentration
but also had bactericidal properties at this concentration. Interestingly, compound 2 eradicated
the preformed biofilm of both the pathogens at much lower doses as compared to control drug,
gentamycin and substrate, enrofloxacin. Cytotoxicity of compounds 2–17 was checked by a standard
method using 3T3 normal cell lines (mouse fibroblast), all compounds were found to be noncytotoxic.

Conclusion:
These compounds can be used alone or with FDA approved drugs to overcome biofilm
related K. pneumoniae and S. aureus infections.
MiR-134, Mediated by IRF1, Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Progression by Targeting VEGFA and MYCN in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ma Zhuo , Li Kai , Chen Peng , Pan Qizheng , Li Xuyang , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary bone malignancy and its distal metastasis
remains the main cause of mortality in OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles during cancer
metastasis.

Objective:
Thus, elucidating the role of miRNA dysregulation in OS metastasis may provide novel therapeutic
targets.

Methods:
The previous study found a low miR-134 expression level in the OS specimens compared with paracancer
tissues. Overexpression of miR-134 stable cell lines was established. Cell viability assay, cell invasion
and migration assay and apoptosis assay were performed to evaluate the role of miR-134 in OS in vitro.

Results:
We found that miR-134 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces
cell apoptosis in both MG63 and Saos-2 cell lines. Mechanistically, miR-134 targets the 3'-UTR of VEGFA and
MYCN mRNA to silence its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. The real-time PCR
analysis illustrated that miR-134 overexpression decreases VEGFA and MYCN mRNA levels. Additionally, the
overexpression of VEGFA or MYCN can partly attenuate the effects of miR-134 on OS cell migration and
viability. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-134 dramatically inhibits tumor growth in the human OS cell
line xenograft mouse model in vivo. Moreover, bioinformatic and luciferase assays indicate that the expression
of miR-134 is regulated by Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF1), which binds to its promoter and activates
miR-134 expression.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that IRF1 is a key player in the transcriptional control of miR-134, and it
inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo via targeting VEGFA and MYCN.
Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of epilepsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Rongrong , Feng Chenxi , Wang Keer , Zhao Huawei , Yu Jie , Xu Zhenghao 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the
treatment of epilepsy.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of database in both Chinese and English was performed. Data
from the selected studies was extracted and analyzed independently by two authors.

Results:
Twenty-two randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis with a total of
1773 patients. Among them, three trials (n=166) focused on TCM monotherapy, while the other 19
trials (n=1607) assessed the benefit of TCM add-on therapy to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). For the
efficacy, meta-analysis found (1) TCM monotherapy had a higher effective rate compared with AEDs
(OR=6.007, 95%CI: 2.570-14.037, Z=6.007, P<0.001); (2) the add-on of TCM increased the
effective rate (OR=3.123, 95%CI: 2.356, 4.140), Z=7.916, P<0.001). In terms of safety, the add-on
of TCM reduced the rate of total AEs (OR = 0.407, 95%CI: 0.274-0.605, P <0.0001) as well as AEs
regarding the gastrointestinal and nervous system. Nineteen different TCM prescription was used in
these RTCs. Among them, the five most frequently used herbs were Acorus tatarinowii (14 out of 19),
Wolfiporia Cocos (10 out of 19), Pinellia Ternata (9 out of 19), Licorice Root (9 out of 19) and
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (8 out of 19).

Conclusion:
TCM is an efficacy and safety strategy for the mono- or add-on treatment of epilepsy.
However, as the small sample size, the diversified composition of TCM prescriptions, and the low
quality of study design, further studies remain needed.
Recent Advances on Urban Taxi Sharing Systems with the Path Arrival Probability
Authors: Hongyan Dui , Chi Zhang 
Published: April 2020

Background :
Taxi sharing is an emerging transportation arrangement that has helped improve
passengers’ travel efficiency and reduce costs. This study proposes an urban taxi sharing system.

Methods:
Considering each side congestion of the transport network, their corresponding reliability
and failure probability are analyzed. Under the constraints of the number of passengers and their
time windows, the analysis is performed on passengers whose optimal path is inclusive.

Results:
According to the optimal strategy, the different passengers can be arranged into the same
taxi to realize the taxi sharing. Then the shared taxi route can be optimized.

Conclusion:
Due to the reasonable vehicle route planning and passenger combination, these can effectively
alleviate the traffic congestion, save the driving time, reduce the taxi no-load rate, and save
the driving distance. At last, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the proposed method.
Rekonstruksi Sosial Budaya Fenomena Bunuh Diri Masyarakat Gunungkidul
Authors: Asih Kabut Yuli , Hiryanto Hiryanto 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Artikel jurnal ini berusaha mengulas historisitas dan pemecahkan masalah dalam bentuk rekonstrusi untuk mencapai reduksi pada fenomena bunuh diri sebagai fenomena langka dari pada biasanya yang marak terjadi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode analisis deskriptif, yakni berusaha menggambarkan secara jelas dan sistematis obyek kajian, teori kesejahteraan sosial, lalu menganalisis perbandingan bahasan riset. Ulasan didasarkan pada analisis data kepustakaan yang diperoleh melalui kajian kepustakaan (library research). Secara sederhana penawaran rekonstruksi kajian ini mengaitkan dimensi sosial (kepekaan masyarakat terhadap fenomena) dan budaya (reinterpretasi pulung gantung). Hal tersebut berdasarkan pengamatan penulis yang menganggap bahwa masyarakat di Kabupaten Gunungkidul belum mencapai titik kesejahteraan sosial sehingga memunculkan fenomena bunuh diri. Rekonstruksi mampu dianggap sebagai pokok pemikiran kesejahteraan sosial sebagai upaya preventif, dan kuratif (rehabilitasi) agar masyarakat mampu berperan sosial dengan baik dan benar. Abstract This journal article attempts to review the historicity and problem solving in the form of reconstruction to achieve a reduction in the phenomenon of suicide as a rare phenomenon that is usually rife in Gunungkidul Regency. The method used is descriptive analysis method, which is trying to describe clearly and systematically the object of study, social welfare theory, then analyze the comparison of research topics. The review is based on the analysis of library data obtained through library research (library research). In simple terms the reconstruction offer of this study links the social dimensions (community sensitivity to phenomena) and culture (reinterpretation of pulungantung). This is based on the observation of the writer who considers that the community in Gunungkidul Regency has not reached the point of social welfare so that it raises the phenomenon of suicide. Reconstruction can be considered as the main thought of social welfare as a preventive and curative effort (rehabilitation) so that the community is able to play social roles properly and correctly.