bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-11 Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in high-protein sunflower meal fed to growing pigs with or without phytase supplementation
Authors: Lee Jinyoung , Kim Jong Woong , Nyachoti C Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to estimate the apparent (ATTD) and standardized (STTD) total tract digestibility of phosphorus (P) in high-protein sunflower meal (HP-SFM) fed to growing pigs with or without phytase supplementation. Twenty-four individually-housed pigs (19.5 ± 1.9 kg) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets in a completely randomized design to give 6 replicates per diet. The experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and a diet containing 30% of HP-SFM, both of which were fed without or with phytase supplementation at 500 phytase units/kg. Pigs were given their daily feed allowance at 2.8 times the maintenance energy requirement. The experimental period lasted for 15 d including 10 d for adaptation to experimental diets and 5 d for total collection of feces. The STTD of P was calculated by correcting the ATTD of P with the basal endogenous P loss, which was assumed to be 190 mg/kg dry matter intake. Phytase supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) both calcium (Ca; 1.34 vs. 2.14%) and P concentrations in feces (3.23 vs. 4.44%) in HP-SFM including diets. Addition of dietary phytase to the HP-SFM-contained diets also reduced (P &lt; 0.05) daily Ca output from 3.08 to 1.86 g/d and daily P output from 6.41 to 4.51 g/d. The ATTD of Ca and P and STTD of P increased (P &lt; 0.05) by providing phytase in both basal and HP-SFM including diets. The ATTD and STTD of P in HP-SFM were 18.4 and 19.3% for without phytase and 36.5 and 37.5% for with phytase, respectively, and there was a tendency (P = 0.063) for phytase supplementation to increase P utilization in HP-SFM fed to growing pigs. The standardized total tract digestible P content in HP-SFM was calculated at 3.61 g/kg.
PSVII-3 Body temperature and movement patterns of Raramuri Criollo versus Angus-crossbred cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer
Authors: Cibils Andres , Estell Rick , Gonzalez Alfredo , Spiegal Sheri , Anderson Martha , Steele Caitriana , Continanza Guadalupe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Body temperature and movement patterns of Angus Hereford crossbred (AH) vs. Raramuri Criollo (RC) nursing cows were monitored in summer 2016 and 2017. AH and RC cows grazed separately in two adjacent Chihuahuan Desert pastures (1190ha, 1165ha) in a crossover design for 4 weeks each year. Body temperature (BodyT) was monitored at 10 min intervals by placing blank CIDRs containing a temperature logger in 10 cows per breed. Seven to 9 AH and RC cows were also fitted with GPS collars that recorded position and ambient temperature (CollarT) at 10 min intervals. A landscape thermal map (LandT) was developed for habitat analysis. Data were analyzed within four daytime segments: dawn (sunrise to 9AM); pre-noon (9AM to noon); post-noon (noon to 3PM); and dusk (3PM to sunset). ANOVA was used to determine whether BodyT, animal movement, CollarT, and mean LandT position within each day segment were different for AH vs. RC cows. Breed nested within Year*Pasture was treated as the experimental unit. BodyT increased as a day progressed and was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in AH vs. RC during post-noon (38.83 vs. 38.42oC) and dusk (39.22 vs. 38.70oC). Compared to AH counterparts, RC cows traveled farther (4.7 vs. 2.7 km*daytime h-1, P &lt; 0.05), at higher velocities (5.9 vs. 3.5 m*min-1, P &lt; 0.05) and spent more time grazing (5.6 vs. 4.3 daytime h; P &lt; 0.05) and traveling (0.7 vs. 0.3 daytime h; P &lt; 0.05) during all four daytime segments. Largest breed differences were observed during the hottest segments of the day (post-noon and dusk). Increasing CollarT throughout a day was associated with selection of cooler landscape locations (LandT) in both breeds. Apparent lower body heat load in RC cows may reduce constraints on their movement patterns compared to AH cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer.
PSVII-4 Ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production of legumes containing condensed tannins fed in continuous culture
Authors: Soder Kathy J , Roca-Fernandez Ana , Dillard S Leanne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A continuous culture fermentor study was conducted to assess nutrient digestibility, VFA concentration, microbial protein synthesis, bacterial N efficiency and enteric methane (CH4) production of 4 legumes containing different condensed tannins (CT) concentrations. Legumes were fermented in a 50:50 diet with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.): 1) Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; ALF no CT); 2) Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; BFT, low CT); 3) Crown vetch [Securigera varia (L.); CV, moderate CT]; 4) Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.); SL, high CT]. Diets were randomly assigned to 4 fermentors in 4 periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 7 d for adaptation and 3 d for sample collection. Temperature, pH and CH4 concentrations were recorded. Effluent samples were analyzed for pH, VFA, and DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF for determination of apparent (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) and true (DM and OM) nutrient digestibilities. Microbial protein synthesis and bacterial efficiency were estimated by analysis of N flows and purines. Forage samples were analyzed for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, minerals and CT concentrations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The CT concentrations (g/kg DM) were 3, 21, 38 and 76 in ALF, BFT, CV and SL, respectively. Apparent and true DM and OM digestibilities were lower (P &lt; 0.01) in SL than in ALF and BFT. Bacterial N efficiency per kg of truly digested DM and OM was lower (P = 0.05) in SL than in BFT and CV. The lowest (P &lt; 0.001) CH4 production per unit of digestible nutrients was found in SL. There was a negative correlation (P &lt; 0.001) between CT concentration and CH4 production. However, tradeoffs in ruminal fermentation (reduced nutrient digestibility, VFA concentration and bacterial N efficiency) must be considered when SL is used.
PSVII-7 Effects of alkali treatment on nutrient content and ergot alkaloid concentration in tall fescue silage
Authors: Allen Hannah , Bailey Eric , Meng Kevin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Addition of alkaline compounds at harvest may affect in vitro digestion and ergot alkaloid concentrations in endophyte-infected tall fescue silage. Silage (n = 60; 10 replications/treatment) was produced by filling vacuum-sealing plastic bags (35.5 cm by 27.9 cm) with 150 g of K31 tall fescue (DM basis; forage DM=76.9%; 96% endophyte infection rate) harvested in June. Alkalizing agents (CaO and NaOH) were solubilized in water (20% inclusion; wt/wt basis) and added to the forage at inclusion rates of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% on a dry matter basis. After ensiling for 42 d, forage samples were lyophilized and subsampled for proximate analysis and analysis of ergot alkaloids. A separate subsample was taken for in vitro total disappearance determination, and each sample was replicated in triplicate. Forage quality and digestibility values were calculated on an organic matter basis because organic matter linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.01) as alkali increased. Alkali increased pH linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Forage NDF decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as greater amounts of alkali treatment were included. Crude protein did not differ (P = 0.41) among treatments. In vitro total disappearance (OM basis) increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as inclusion of alkali increased. Total ergot alkaloid concentration did not differ (P = 0.62) across treatments. Ergovaline concentration increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing alkali inclusion, but remained below established threshold for toxicity in ruminants. Lactic acid concentration responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with the lowest value corresponding to 3% alkali treatment. Acetic acid concentration increased quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with the highest value occurring during the 1% alkali inclusion. Propionic acid concentration increased linearly (P = 0.02) as alkali inclusion increased. A quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for butyric acid concentration, with a decrease in butyrate above 1% alkali inclusion. Under conditions of this experiment, addition of alkalizing agents increased digestibility of baled tall fescue silage.
PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy
Authors: Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Pillmore Sierra L , Cooper Kimberly , Tennant Travis , Lawrence Ty 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.
PSVII-8 Trends in the unwanted horse population in the US Pacific Northwest
Authors: Nagy Shayna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A large amount of horses are relinquished by their owners every year. Many of these unwanted horses are sent to non-profit shelters, which have become overcrowded. Many of these shelters struggle to find sufficient funding and also to increase the adoption rates of the animals. The goal of this study was to analyze trends in demographical data and intake and outcome types of the unwanted horse population in the states of Washington and Idaho and to determine the days of stay (DOS) of horses in these states. Data on 545 equids from four shelters from the two states were recorded. The overall average DOS for the four shelters was 232.94 d however significant differences were observed among the shelters (P &lt; 0.05). Riding horse breeds represented 59% of the sample population. Significant differences in DOS (P &lt; 0.05) was observed among the breed classes (Drafts: 311.14 d, Ponies: 230.62 d, Riding Horse: 76.18 d, Gaited: 53.21 d, and Exotic: 112.58 d, Unknown: 603.87 d). When including animals of unknown age, there was significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) among age groups (Infantile: 29.1 d, Young: 83.75 d, Mature: 112.95 d, Geriatric: 107.08 d and Unknown: 480.49 d.) There was no significant difference in gender. For animals with recorded intake types, there was no significant difference (Surrender: 143.08 d and Rescued: 178.25 d). There was also no difference in DOS for outcome type (Adopted: 229.32 d, Fostered: 344.0 d, Euthanized: 295.48 d, and Other causes of death: 386.67 d). The estimated cost per horse for each shelter ($9.99/d) ranged from $654 to $6248/horse. Reducing the stay duration of animals and increasing the flow of horses through shelters is important in alleviating shelter overload and improving the welfare of animals relinquished to these shelters and reducing costs associated with maintaining horses.
PSI-B-42 Late-Breaking: Effect of Nellore cattle supplementation during the growing phase on pasture with urea (high or low) and with or without tannin extracts on the performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Prados Laura , Foresto Willian , Mariano Eduarda , Souza William , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flavio D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of cattle supplementation (3g/kg BW) with urea (U) and tannin extracts (TE; SilvaFeed Bypro®️) during the dry season on performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters. Trial 1-Sixty-four Nellore (294 ± 15.2 kg BW) were used to determine the effect of supplementation during the growing phase (137d) on performance. The animals were blocked by BW to one of four treatments: 1) 30g urea/kg DM supplement (LU); 2) 30g urea/kg DM supplement + 7g TE/kg DM supplement (LU+TE); 3) 50g urea/kg DM supplement (HU); 4) 50g urea/kg DM supplement + 7g TE/kg DM supplement (HU+TE). Trial 2- Eight ruminally cannulated Nellore fed with trial 1 diet (4 x 4 Latin square) was used to evaluate DM intake and digestibility, ruminal pH, VFA, ruminal ammonia, serum glucose and urea at different times after feeding. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. There was no interaction (P &gt; 0.10) between U and TE, the treatments did not affect (P &gt; 0.10) ADG, intake or digestibility, VFA total, serum glucose and urea (Table1). However, animals fed TE showed butyrate (Figure 1) tended to higher on time 12-18h (Time × TE; P = 0.06), while the acetate: propionate ratio tended (Time × TE; P = 0.08) to decrease. The isovalerate tended to be higher on time 6h in animals fed HU+TE while LU+TE tended to be higher on time 12-18h. The ruminal pH of the animals fed with LU tended to be lower on time 6h compared to HU, while ruminal ammonia was higher (P &lt; 0.01) to animals fed HU on time 6h compared to LU. Overall, TE and U did not influence the performance of Nellore and the inclusion of TE tended to improve the efficiency in ruminal fermentation.
PSIV-B-25 Late-Breaking: Maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late- gestation alters amino acid transporters and global DNA methylation in the lamb small intestine
Authors: Relling Alejandro E , Velazquez Milca Rosa , Batistel Fernanda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The intestine plays a crucial role in nutrient digestion and absorption, and its function is critical for animal growth and health. However, the effect of maternal nutrition on offspring’s intestine is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, methionine or both during late-gestation on offspring’s intestine amino acids transporters and global DNA methylation. Twenty ewes were used in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial design. Treatments were: 1) control diet (CTR) without polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or methionine (MET) supplementation; or supplemented with 2) Ca salts of PUFA (1% DMI; Strata G113®, Virtus Nutrition); rumen-protected MET (0.1% DMI; Smartamine®, Adisseo); and 4) PUFA and MET (PUFA+MET). Treatments were fed from day 100 to 145 of gestation. On day 145, ewes were euthanized and fetuses’ intestines were sampled. Protein quantification of amino acid transporters was measured using Simple Western System and global DNA methylation was determined using a commercial kit. No interactions between PUFA×MET were observed for the variables analyzed. PUFA increased (P ≤ 0.03) global DNA methylation and protein expression of SLC7A5, SLC38A2, and SLC38A10 compared with CTR. Furthermore, PUFA tended to increase (P = 0.07) SLC38A1 protein expression compared with CTR, whereas no difference (P &gt; 0.05) was observed for SLC6A9. Compared with CTR, MET increased (P ≤ 0.05) global DNA methylation and SLC38A10 protein expression, and tented to increase (P ≤ 0.10) SLC6A19 and SLC38A2. MET did not affect SLC7A5 and SLC38A1 compared with CTR. Maternal supply of PUFA and MET led to greater protein expression of amino acid transporters and global DNA methylation on offspring’ intestine; however, the effects of these nutrients were not additive. Further research is necessary to better understand the role of DNA methylation on intestine’s amino acid transporters.
PSIV-B-39 Late-Breaking: Rhipicephalus sanguineus in domestic canines of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Robles Mario C Rubio , Verdugo Idalia Enriquez , Camacho Soila M Gaxiola , Campo Nohemi Castro del , Guajardo Silvia del C Cota 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The zoonotic potential of canine vector-borne diseases mainly tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is associated with the strongest evidence of ticks exposed to high temperatures attach and feed on humans faster, suggesting that the risk of human parasitism by Rhipicephalus sanguineus could increase in warm weather areas, such as the state of Sinaloa, Mexico; which increases the risk of transmission of zoonotic agents as such Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, Typhus, Rickettsial, Tularemia, Babesia and Anaplasma impacting on human and canine health; so the aim of this study was genetical characterization of ticks present in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. for it, were collected 240 live ticks present on 120 canines and processed in the Parasitology laboratory of the FMVZ-UAS, after the Morphological identification of Rhipicephalus, were formed 5 groups and the DNA extraction was performed by QIAamp DNA Mini Kit de QIAGEN® and processed by PCR using the oligonucleotide sequences: 16S+1: 5′-CCG GTC TGA ACT CAG ATC AAG T3′ y 16S-1: 5′-GCT CAA TGA TTT TTT AAA TTG CTG T-3′, of the 16S ARNr mitochondrial. The PCR amplification of target region of the the 16S ARNr, from DNA tick samples, resulted amplicons of size 460 bp and the 5 sequences generated and analysed, was genetically compatible with Rhipicephalus sanguineus of the GenBank sequences; being important identification for the association with pathogens and the risk of transmission of canine zoonosis.
PSXIV-6 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of the heat tolerance in Girolando cows
Authors: Mendonca Filipe A , Taveira Rodrigo , Anjos Victor Dos , Silva Izabelle Da , Ponte Felipe , Mesquita Bruno 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The breeds that present better adaptations to the climate of the region where they are raised may present greater productive advantages in relation to those that are less adapted. Considering the tropical regions, it is important to check whether the breeds used have heat tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance of 15 Girolando cows, which was conducted by three evaluations in the months of October, November and December respectively. All evaluations were carried out on sunny days without clouds and little wind. This test consisted of gathering the cows for being compared to each other in a shaded pasture for two hours, from 11 am to 1:00 pm, gauging the physiological parameters at 1:00 pm. Afterwards, the cows were exposed to the open and sunny environment, allowing the total incidence of solar radiation, for one hour (from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.), then returning to the shaded corral, being immediately gauging the physiological parameters, and remaining for more one hour, from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. assessing again the parameters at 3:00 p.m. The temperature and humidity index found in the evaluations performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. hours were 76.6, 77.6 and 78.5, respectively. The mean body surface temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.16 ° C, 38.90 ° C and 38.22 ° C, respectively. The average values of the sweating rate found were 845.55, 1,088.29 and 955.85 g. m-². h-1 for the measurements performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m., respectively. The mean values of the rectal temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.39 ° C, 38.70 ° C and 38.45 ° C, respectively. The evaluated cows showed heat tolerance, suggesting that dairy cattle production systems in the tropics can use Girolando cows.
PSV-24 Effect of pre-weaning, post-weaning and fattening growth rate on carcass and meat traits in feedlot Nellore cattle
Authors: Amorim Tamyres , Gemelli Jessica , Fuzikawa Ingrid , Martins Taiane S , Moura Gabriella , Mueller Lenise , Ferrinho Adrielle D , Garbossa Pollyana , Muñoz Julian A , Rosa Caroline , Ramos Vinicius , Modesto Raquel , Costa Mariana , Ronchi Michel , Dibo Pedro V , Zambianco Talles D , Poleti Mirele , Baldi Fernando , Bueno Ives C , Corte Rosana , Pereira Angelica 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of contrasting growth rate in pre and post-weaning period on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot Nellore cattle. To high weight gain, in pre and post-weaning period, were be considered management groups with mean weight gain above the third quartile of pre-weaning (PREW) or post-weaning (PROW) weight gain distribution of population to group of moderate gain were be considered management lots with daily average gains between the first and third quartiles of PREW or PROW weight gain distribution of population. In the low gain group will be considered management lots with daily average gains lower than the first quartile of PREW or PROW weight gain distribution of population. We used a total of 500 bulls, registered in the National Association of Breeders and Researchers, fed during 90 days with the same diet, confined and slaughtered. The PREW presented a weight gain rate (WGR) of 57.1, 67.3, and 77.7 kg for low, moderate and high WGR, respectively; and the PROW of 110.3, 113.4, and 119.4 kg for low, moderate and high WGR, respectively. The hot carcass weight influenced WGR in pre-weaning (297.56±11.80, 323.53±10.09, and 364.31±18.88 kg) for low, moderate and high, respectively (P = 0.03). The carcass dressing was affected by weaning period in WGR (pre-weaning: 54.18, 54.33, and 57.88 %; P = 0.034, and post-weaning 55.52, 56.23, and 54.66%; P = 0.471) for low, moderate and high WGR, respectively. The contrasting weight gain groups did not influence the marbling score in PREW (P = 0.128) and PROW (P = 0.772), back fat thickness in PREW (P = 0.719) and PROW (P = 0.833), ribeye area in PREW (P = 0.472) and PROW (P = 0.833), tenderness in PREW (P = 0.936) and PROW (P = 0.911). In general, the gain rate did not improve the carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot Nellore cattle.