bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chickenpox Vaccination: Knowledge and Attitude of Child-Bearing Women of Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Edje K.E. , Toloyai P.Y. , Mordi J.C. , Daubry T.M.E. , Moke E.G. , Omogbiya A.I. , Samson E.E. 
Published: August 2020

Chickenpox is a common childhood disease which is highly contagious. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in countries where chickenpox is an important public health burden, chickenpox vaccination should be introduced into their routine immunization programs. This present study is to ascertain the level of knowledge and attitude towards chickenpox infection and its vaccination among child-bearing women in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted to assess the knowledge and attitude towards chickenpox vaccination among 140 randomly selected child-bearing mothers residing in Abraka community. Of the 140 respondents, a greater number was within 30-40 years of age (61.4%). Most of the respondents (95.7%) had heard about chickenpox and 77.1% stated correctly its mode of transmitted.Majority were well aware of the signs and symptoms of the infection which included itching rashes (85.7%), blisters and red spots (66.4%), and fever (61.4%). Despite the fact that most of the respondents (72.9%) knew about chickenpox vaccination, only very few (19.3%) claimed to know the vaccine used, with less than half of the respondents (44.3%) correctly indicating two doses as the complete dosing for chickenpox vaccination. A greater proportion (91.4%) of the women had vaccinated their children against chickenpox, and believed that it was effective (82.1%). A high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards chickenpox vaccination among child-bearing women was evident in this study, however, it is paramount to encourage pregnant women and mothers attending antenatal care to immunize their children against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).
Keywords: Vaccination, chickenpox, vaccine-preventable diseases, knowledge, Abraka.
Snail Consumption Pattern in Ibarapa Central Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde T.O. , Babatunde O.O. , Aduloju A.R. , Oluwalana T. 
Published: August 2020

Snails are very high in nutrients such as proteins, iron, and water, while being low in fat, therefore its consumption is popular in various countries around the globe and humans have been consuming snails for thousands of years. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the snail consumption pattern in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo state Nigeria using standard structured questionnaire techniques and analyzing the data by descriptive statistics and multiple regression technique. Theresult showed Majority of respondents (56.6%) were female, result showed that 44.4% of the respondents’ were between the age of 31-40 and 59.6% were married and 53.5% of the household have the largest size. Also the result obtained from this study shows that Christian was dominant (55.6%) that consumed snail meat, this indicate that there is no religion barrier on the consumption of the snail meat thereby making snail meat more demanded in the study area. The result shows that snail meat prevent blood pressure, also Regression result showed that Age and health condition increases the rate at which snail is consumed in the study Area. Based on this result it is revealed that income, Taste, Price, Availability and Accessibility were the factor affecting snail consumption pattern in the study Area.
Keywords: Heliculture, Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, snail consumption pattern
Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Isopropyl Hand Sanitizer using Co-processed Excipients
Authors: Akin-Ajani O.D. , Ajala T.O. , Ogunnubi M.A. 
Published: August 2020

Background: In response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in the year 2014, which caused the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, the WHO alcohol-based hand rub formulation was adopted in addition to regular hand washing to prevent the spread. However, other formulation factors rather than alcohol concentration alone can greatly influence the overall antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants.Objective: To formulate an antimicrobial hand sanitizer using co-processed carriers.Methodology: Carbopol (F), HPMC (G) and co-processed forms of both polymers in batches- 1:1(A), 1:2(B), 1:4(C), 2:1(D) and 4:1(E) respectively were used. The polymers were characterized, and used as carriers in formulating hand sanitizers (A to G). The formulated hand sanitizers were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, clarity, viscosity, drying time and antimicrobial activity, in comparison to a commercially available hand sanitizer (CAHS).Results: Co-processing significantly (p0.05) improved both hydration capacity of carbopol and viscosity of HPMC. The physical appearance, pH and opacity were maintained throughout the study. All the formulations showed dilatant rheological behaviour while the CAHS exhibited plastic flow. The drying times for the formulated hand sanitizers were comparable to CAHS but longer than isopropyl alcohol implying prolonged action at application site. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations was of the rank order isopropyl alcohol>B>F>CAHS>D>E>C>G>A.Conclusion: Co-processing of excipients improved the pharmaceutical properties of the hand sanitizers with antimicrobial activity that was comparable to CAHS but lower than isopropyl alcohol. The hand sanitizer formulated with polymer batch B, demonstrated optimum antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties and may be developed for commercial use.
Keywords: Hand sanitizer formulation, Isopropyl alcohol, Carbopol, Hydroxypropyl MethylCellulose, Co-processed excipient.
Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Sus scrofa domesticus</i> Fat and a Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential as a Matrix Former in Ibuprofen Granules
Authors: Uzochukwu C.O. , Eraga S.O. , Eichie F.E. 
Published: August 2020

Background: There is an increasing interest and search for local and natural sources as active pharmaceutical excipients.Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the physicochemical characteristics of Sus scrofa domesticus (SSD) fat and its potential as a matrix former in ibuprofen granule formulations.Methods: SSD fat was extracted from the domestic pig by wet rendering and purified. The fat was characterized for its organoleptic and physicochemical properties and used in the formulation of batches of ibuprofen granules by melt granulation using varying concentrations (5.0-15%w/w). Conventional granules were formed with maize starch (15%w/w) for control. Formulated granules were evaluated for flow properties, encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules and subjected to in-vitro drug release studies.Results: SSD fat was snow white in colour. Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. pH of the fat was 7.4, viscosity (147.4 millipascal), peroxide value (11.0 meq/kg), acid value (3.4) and saponification value (196.3). Granules formulated with SSD fat exhibited poor flowability and their dissolution profiles showed retardation in ibuprofen release with increase in fat concentrations. Granules formulated with 5.0 and 10%w/w of the fat exhibited 43 and 27% ibuprofen release within 4 h while the conventional granules showed a drug release of 98% within 1.0 h.Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of SSD fat was found to possess favourable potential properties relevant in the formulation of a drug delivery system. The retardation of ibuprofen release from the granules showed that SSD fat has a potential application as a matrix former in controlled release formulation.
Keywords: Sus scrofa domesticus, ibuprofen, matrix granules, dissolution profiles
Knowledge of Herbal Medicines and Herb-drug Interaction Among Medical and Pharmacy Students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Amaeze O.U. , Olugbake O.A. , Lawal M. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Concurrent use of herbal and orthodox medicines can result in herb-drug interaction, which could remain unidentified due to the limited knowledge of health care providers on herbal medicines effects and safety.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of medical and pharmacy students of the University of Lagos on herbal medicines and herb-drug interactions.Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey of final year pharmacy and medical undergraduate students (422) of the University of Lagos. Data was collected using a validated, previously developed, and standardized self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the students’ demographics, knowledge of herbal medicines and herb-drug interactions, types and uses of herbal medicines, while inferential statistics was employed to assess the association between the students’ demographics and their knowledge of herb-drug interactions. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results: The response rate was 97%. The students (98.0%) knew that herbs can be used as medicines; common uses of herbal medicines reported by the students include malaria (11.4%), pain (24.6%), and fever (36.2%). There was no association between the students’ demographics and their knowledge about herbal medicine. Age was significantly associated with knowledge of herb-drug interaction (P<0.05). The students (96.8%) knew that herbs can interact with conventional drugs when administered concurrently. The sources of the students’ knowledge about herbal medicine and herb-drug interaction include lectures (52.2%), literature (14%) and personal experience (13.9%).Conclusion: The students had good knowledge of herbal medicines; however, the subject of herbal medicines and their effects should be given more attention in the medical and pharmacy program curriculum, in order to enhance the students’ knowledge base of herbal medicines and interactions, and equip the future physicians and pharmacists adequately for better patient care.
Keywords: Herbal medicines, Herb-drug interaction, Pharmacy students, Medical students
The Effects of Sintering Temperature and Agro Wastes on the Properties of Insulation Bricks
Authors: Mgbemere H.E. , Obidiegwu E.O. , Ubong A.U. 
Published: August 2020

In this research, kaolin, ball clay, sawdust and rice husk were used to produce insulation bricks through the solid state synthesis method. Two temperatures, 1100oC and 1200oC were used to sinter the green samples. X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength tests etc. were used to analyse the properties of the produced bricks. Chemical composition analysis on the starting raw materials showed that SiO2 and Al2O3 were the major constituents while Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O and TiO2 were the minor constituents. As the amounts of kaolin used in preparing the samples decrease, the bulk density, modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength of the bricks decreases while the water absorption capacity, linear shrinkage increases. The thermal analysis showed that on heating the samples, the reactions were mainly exothermic with between 8 to 10 mW/mg of heat released. The morphology of the samples showed that the pores began to collapse when the amount of kaolin present is below 70 wt. %. Sintering the samples at 1100oC and 1200oC led to slightly different values in the results and is therefore very significant.
Keywords: Insulation bricks, Kaolin, sawdust, rice husk, temperature effects
Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Maize Cob using Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Adekunle Adebisi Jeleel , Agunsoye Johnson Olumuyiwa , Bello Sefiu Adekunle , Haris M. , Senthilkumar M. , Rherari Amal , Hassan Suleiman Bolaji 
Published: August 2020

Silica has found applications in many industries. Its production from agricultural wastes has been reported but with marked agglomeration of the final product. This work investigated production of silica nanoparticles from maize cob and effect of sol-gel modification with ethylene glycol on degree of agglomeration was also examined. This work also explored the effects of acid pre/post calcination treatments of the maize cob. Maize cob was treated with HCl prior to and after calcination. Using sol-gel method, silica was produced from both untreated and treated maize cobs. Ethylene glycol was also added to sodium silicate prior to precipitation of silica gel for modification of the conventional sol-gel procedure. The results showed that acid treatments affect the purity of silica nanoparticles. Ethylene glycol was observed to reduce degree of agglomeration in silica nanoparticles production from agricultural wastes. Silica nanoparticles of sizes between 5 and 50 nm were successfully synthesized.
Keywords: Agricultural Wastes, Maize cob, Amorphous silica, Agglomeration, Sol-gel, Acid pre-treatment.
Strength and Micro-Structural Properties of Wood Chips Composite Panel
Authors: Akpenpuun T.D. , Iyanda M.O. , Ajayi-Banji A.A. , Busari R.A. , Gbadeyanka R. 
Published: August 2020

Global warming primarily due to deforestation has led to the development of new materials to substitute felling of trees by wood-based industries. The utilisation of wood chips and cassava starch for the production of particle board was the thrust of this research. The chip sizes of 0.85 and 1.7 mm, dosage and types of binders (cassava starch, urea formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde modified cassava starch) were the variables. The ratio of wood chips to the binders was 1.0:1.5. Theboards were formed in rectangular moulds. Water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural tests and material characterisation (using scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were carried out. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance. The result obtained was subjected to analysis of variance. The particleboards produced with modified cassava starch had the best mechanical properties with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranging from 5.90 to 32.32 N/mm2but had a higher thickness swelling values ranging from 3 to 59.37%. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the boards manufactured using plain starch and modified starch. These tests results have shown that wood chips, plain cassava starch and modified cassava starch are sources of raw materials in the production of particleboard. The developed particleboard can be used for paneling, partitioning and ceilings.
Keywords: SEM, flexural, global warming, starch,
Examples in Igbo-English Dictionaries
Authors: Chukwuogor Mbanefo 
Published: August 2020

A bilingual dictionary example is a verbal or non-verbal phrase or a grammatically complete sentence that includes the lemma and is translated from the source language to the target language or vice versa (Toope 1996). The use of examples in bilingual dictionaries has been an issue of discussion for many lexicographers like Al Kasimi (1977), Zofgen (1991), Jacobsen et al (1991), and Nielsen (2014) among others. This issue includes questions like ‘What is an effective example?’, ‘Should examples be based on authentic material or should they be written (invented) by the lexicographer? This paper reviews metalexicographic literature on examples in bilingual dictionaries while focusing on two Igbo-English dictionaries with a view to finding out if certain considerations were taken into account in the use of examples. Consequently, it is observed that factors such as availability of space, dictionary type as well as idiosyncratic information, amount of information to be given and the need for generalization all influence the use of examples in both dictionaries thereby leading the researcher to conclude that the use of examples in Igbo-English dictionaries does not deviate but aligns with the norms reviewed in the literature.
Keywords: Bilingual Dictionary, Metalexicography, Lemma, Examples
Students’ Perception of Mystical and Pathogenic Agents of Disease Causation in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Anizoba Emmanuel C. , Okereke Innocent Ebere , Chiazo Nganwuchu, Geoffrey 
Published: August 2020

The study investigated students’ perception of mystical and pathogenic agents of disease causation. Guided by four research questions and two null hypotheses, the study employed a descriptive survey research design. It was carried out in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State of Nigeria. A sample of 370 SS2 Biology students was drawn from the population (4,828) using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in Likert format whose reliability coefficient was 0.84, determined using Cronbach Alpha. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that students were aware that pathogenic agents such as virus, bacteria, pathogenic fungi, protozoa and some worms cause diseases to man. They had the awareness that some diseases are associated with mystical agents such as oath-breaking, and witches among others. Also, students’ school location had no significant influence on their mean perception scores of the mystical and pathogenic agents of disease causation. These enable students to have a broader knowledge of disease causations and being able to avoid such causes in order to build a healthy sustainable future. Recommendations and conclusion were made.
Keywords: Students, Biology, Diseases, Mystical Agents, and Pathogenic Agents
Intervensi Endovaskular Aneurisma Aorta Torako-Abdominalis Pada Pasien dengan Sindrom Marfan: Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Darwis Patrianef , Vanto Yoni 
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang. Sindroma Marfan merupakan penyakit jaringan ikat yang diturunkan secara autosom dominan dengan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat kelainan aorta. Bedah terbuka merupakan tata laksana utama untuk kelainan aorta pada pasien sindrom Marfan, namun tidak semua pasien dapat dilakukan bedah terbuka, misalkan pada kondisi hemodinamik yang tidak stabil dan usia tua. Intervensi endovaskular merupakan salah satu pendekatan tata laksana minimal invasif yang masih kontroversial karena adanya risiko kegagalan primer berupa kebocoran aneurisma.
Metode. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara daring pada 3 database: PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan ScienceDirect. Dilakukan pemilihan studi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi literatur. Artikel terpilih ditelaah secara kritis berdasarkan alur seleksi dari PRISMA Flow Diagram. Didapatkan 6 artikel yang ditelaah secara kritis
Hasil. Tiga literatur mengenai prosedur endovaskular menunjukkan angka keberhasilan prosedur berkisar 20%-38% dengan risiko kegagalan primer (primary endoleak) yang cukup tinggi. Kematian akibat aneurisma lebih tinggi pada pasien sindrom Marfan yang menjalani teknik endovaskular dibandingkan pasien yang dilakukan bedah terbuka.
Kesimpulan. Prosedur endovaskular dapat dijadikan alternatif tatalaksana dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi pasien. Sedikitnya jumlah subyek pada penelitian-penelitian yang ada serta waktu follow-up yang singkat menyebabkan efektivitas teknik endovaskular masih diragukan jika dibandingkan dengan prosedur bedah terbuka.
Kata kunci: sindrom marfan, endovaskular, bedah terbuka, aneurisma aorta, torako-abdominal
Hubungan Kadar Malondialdehide (MDA) Testis dengan Kualitas Spermatozoa pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar (Rattus novergicus) Diabetes Tipe I
Authors: Deslo Jauhari , Ismy Jufriady , Dasrul Dasrul 
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang. Hyperglikemia pada diabetes melitus tipe 1 diduga berperan dalam peningkatan radikal bebas (oksidan) dan penurunan antioksidan darah. Peningkatan senyawa radikal bebas memicu peroksidasi lipid pada darah dan testis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) testis dan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa.
Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar MDA testis dengan kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih diabetes mellitus tipe 1.
Metode Penelitian. Desain penelitian ini adalah static comparison group dan menggunakan uji analitik observasional. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 16 ekor tikus putih normal dan 16 ekor tikus putih dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 1 yang diinduksi aloksan. Kadar MDA spermatozoa diukur dengan menggunakan uji TBA dan spektrofotometer. Penilaian kualitas spermatozoa (jumlah, persentase motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa) dilakukan dengan menggunakan standar WHO. Data kadar MDA testis dan kualitas spermatozoa (jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa) dianalisis dengan uji-t independent, sedangkan hubungan antara kadar MDA dengan kualitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan korelasi pearson menggunakan spss 21.0.
Hasil Penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar MDA testis tikus normal berbeda secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan tikus putih DM. Jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa tikus putih normal berbeda secara nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan pada tikus putih DM. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kadar MDA testis dengan jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal spermatozoa dengan arah negatif (R= - 0,877; - 0,804 dan - 0,795).
Kesimpulan. Kadar MDA testis berhubungan secara kuat dengan kualitas (jumlah, motilitas dan morfologi normal) spermatozoa dengan arah negatif.
Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus, malondialdehida testis, kualitas spermatozoa
Análisis de los Niveles de Campos Eléctricos de la Banda GSM 1900MHz en la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Authors: Infante Moreira Pedro Severo , Ortiz Mosquera Neiser , Trujillo Ximena 
Published: August 2020

Se presenta un análisis de los campos electromagnéticos medidos en los predios de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, la misma que cuenta con una población universitaria considerable con cerca de 14000 estudiantes más el personal administrativo y docentes quienes se mantienen expuestos diariamente durante sus horas laborales a las radiaciones no ionizantes generadas por una estación base instalada por una operadora de servicio de telefonía móvil, lo que a llevado a preguntarse si la salud de quienes se encuentran expuestos a estas radiaciones podría estar comprometida debido a ello, el presente estudio investigativo desarrollo mediciones en la banda GSM 1900MHz, durante siete días en una ubicación fija a 370m de la antena. Con el objetivo de determinar si los niveles obtenidos se mantienen en los límites establecidos por el ente regulador o existe algún motivo para que la población continúe con su preocupación debido al creciente número de antenas para el servicio de telefonía móvil y banda ancha móvil. En la discusión de los resultados se pudo establecer que los campos electromagnéticos encontrados se encuentran dentro de los límites establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Calculating Premium Credibility Using the Buhlmann-Straub Modelwith Nonparametric Assessment
Authors: Susanti Dwi , Sukono Sokono 
Published: August 2020

When an insurance company calculates the premium it will divides the policy holders into groups. The division is considered based on risk level in each group. The problem is then to devise a way of combining the experience risk of the group with the experience of the individual risk to calculate the premium, so then Credibility Theory provides a solution to this problem.This script discuss about calculation of credibility premium use Buhlmann-Straub Model with nonparametric estimation to the aggregate claim amount data set within few years observation in some group of policy holders inÂ general insurance. By using credibility theory we can calculate the value of credibility factor and credibility premium or future premium. The value of premium credibility is calculated from only one group of policyholders from the previous year's data. For better value of premium credibility, data with more experience years and the policyholder group better reflect the total loss value during the observation year.The result of this calculation are credibility factor per group, average credibility premium per members in group and credibility premium total for the last year for each group. We can obtain total losses and total premium which surprisingly equal.Â