bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epiglottic granular cell tumour: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bouayyad Sarah , Ong Jen , Bouayyad Houda , Woodun Heerani 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Granular cell tumour is a rare, benign tumour that may arise in the soft tissues of various locations. It is often asymptomatic; hence, it gets misdiagnosed as other conditions. This is a case of an asymptomatic 50-year-old male with an incidental finding of a supraglottic lesion during routine oesophagogastroscopy. Examination under general anaesthetic showed a whitish non-ulcerating exophytic lesion on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, sparing anterior commissure and vocal cords. Surgical excision was performed with an open supraglottic laryngectomy approach. Histopathology confirmed GCT, strongly positive for S-100 protein and weakly positive for CD68. Accurate histologic analysis is a key to identify this rare tumour among other differentials. Although benign, ongoing monitoring is advised due to risk of recurrence.
A Metaphysical Appreciation of C.S. Lewis and Owen Barfield’s ‘Great War’
Authors: Di Fuccia Michael Vincent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The recent publication of the renowned ‘great war’ letters between Inklings C.S. Lewis and Owen Barfield has reinvigorated scholarly discussion regarding their respective views on the ‘truthfulness of the imagination’. However, in focusing primarily on their epistemological differences and rarely considering the high view Lewis affords the imagination in his fiction, analyses of the ‘great war’ tend to over-accentuate Lewis and Barfield’s differences. A metaphysical appreciation sheds fresh light on the ‘great war’, casting a more Barfield-friendly Lewis whose shared high view of the imagination is more in line with that of his fiction and later non-fiction.
How metallicity affects volatile abundances: implications for planetary system formation
Authors: Dominguez Gerardo 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAstronomers have confirmed the existence of several thousand extrasolar planetary systems having a wide range of orbital and compositional characteristics. A host star’s metallicity, defined as the abundance of all elements heavier than helium (metals), appears to play a role in determining whether an exoplanetary system is more likely to include Jupiter-sized gas and ice giants. Here, we show how molecular cloud (MC) metallicity is likely to significantly affect the initial conditions of planetary formation by affecting the abundances of volatile ices (H2O, CO, etc.) in parent MCs. Through analytic and numerical treatments of molecular chemical lifetimes, we show that volatile elements are more likely to be found as ices in metal-rich clouds compared to metal-poor ones. These correlations, in turn, may impact the characteristics of planetary systems as a function of their metallicity as suggested by the systematic shifts in snowline distances as a function of metallicity. We evaluate the ‘wet Earth’ hypothesis for the origins of Earth’s water and find that elevated protoplanetary disc pressures are required to retain the required partial (∼2 per cent) monolayer of water on interstellar dust grain surfaces with MRN distribution.
Cricetus cricetus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Hoffmann Ilse E , Nedyalkov Nedko , Pozdnyakov Alexandr , Vohralík Vladimir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCricetus cricetus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a medium-sized cricetid commonly called the common hamster. A sexually dimorphic rodent of unique coloration with robust body, blunt head, short legs, and rudimentary tail, it is the largest hamster and the only species in the genus Cricetus. It is easily recognizable by a color pattern of contrasting dark and light areas. Because its distribution extends from northwestern Europe to eastern China across 5,500 km of low altitude agricultural land, steppe, and forest steppe, the frequently used term European hamster is misleading. Both geographic range and relative abundance started declining in the 1960s on the western edge of its distribution, and now C. cricetus is protected by the Bern Convention and the Fauna-Flora-Habitats Directives.
Association of subjective global assessment of nutritional status with gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients: a case–control study
Authors: Lin Ting-Yun , Hung Szu-Chun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the pathogenesis of PEW in CKD patients has not been fully identified. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between nutritional status and the composition of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Gut microbial diversity and taxonomy were examined in 88 hemodialysis patients with PEW (n = 22) and normal nutritional status (n = 66) who were matched 1:3 for age and sex. Nutritional status was assessed by using the 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) score (1–3 = severe PEW; 4–5 = moderate PEW and 6–7 = normal nutrition). The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

Results
Patients with normal nutritional status had a significantly higher body mass index and physical activity and serum albumin levels, but significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than patients with PEW. The most striking finding was that the α-diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower in patients with PEW. In a multivariate analysis, the SGA score was independently and positively associated with α-diversity (P = 0.049). Patients with or without PEW were different with respect to the principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacteria, was markedly reduced in patients with PEW.

Conclusion
In hemodialysis patients, PEW assessed with the SGA was associated with gut dysbiosis.
Pet Ownership Protects Against Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Redding Laurel E , Kelly Brendan J , Stefanovski Darko , Lautenbach John K , Tolomeo Pam , Cressman Leigh , Gruber Eli , Meily Paige , Lautenbach Ebbing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated and health care–associated diarrhea in humans. Recurrent CDI (R-CDI) occurs in ~20%–30% of patients with CDI and results in increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Genomic analyses have shown overlap of C. difficile isolates from animals and people, suggesting that a zoonotic reservoir may contribute to recurrence. The objective of this study was to determine whether pet ownership is a risk factor for recurrence of CDI.

Methods
We conducted a case–control study among patients with recurrent CDI (cases; n = 86) and patients with nonrecurrent CDI (controls; n = 146). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between recurrence of CDI and pet ownership while accounting for patient-level risk factors.

Results
Pet ownership was not significantly associated with recurrence of CDI (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–2.72; P = 0.965) among all patients (n = 232). However, among the subset of patients with community-associated or community-onset health care facility–acquired CDI (n = 127), increasing contact with pets was increasingly protective against recurrence: for every point increase in a pet contact score (out of 7 possible points), the odds of recurrence decreased by 14% (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.00; P = 0.051).

Conclusions
Close interactions with pets appear protective against the recurrence of community-acquired CDI. A potential mechanism may involve beneficial contributions to the microbiota of pet owners afflicted with CDI, as has been observed for other conditions such as atopy, obesity, and food allergies. However, more research is needed to understand the interactions between pets, owners, and their microbiota.
Threatening Life Events and Difficulties and Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Beards Stephanie , Fisher Helen L , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Hubbard Kathryn , Reininghaus Ulrich , Craig Thomas J , Di Forti Marta , Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine , Dazzan Paola , Murray Robin , Morgan Craig 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveStressful life events have been implicated in the onset of psychotic disorders, but there are few robust studies. We sought to examine the nature and magnitude of associations between adult life events and difficulties and first-episode psychoses, particularly focusing on contextual characteristics, including threat, intrusiveness, and independence.MethodThis study forms part of the Childhood Adversity and Psychosis Study (CAPsy), an epidemiological case-control study in London, United Kingdom. Data on life events and difficulties (problems lasting 4 wk or more) during 1 year prior to onset (cases) or interview (controls) were assessed using the semi-structured Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS). Data were available on 253 individuals with a first episode of psychosis and 301 population-based controls.ResultsWe found strong evidence that odds of exposure to threatening and intrusive events in the 1 year prior to onset were substantially higher among cases compared with controls, independent of age, gender, ethnicity, and social class (ORs &gt; 3). This was consistent across diagnostic categories. We found further evidence that the effect of threatening events and difficulties was cumulative (1 event odds ratio [OR] 2.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–4.79]; 2 events OR 4.87 [95% CI 2.34–10.16]; ≥3 events OR 5.27 [95% CI 1.83–15.19]; 1 difficulty OR 3.02 [95% CI 1.79–5.09]; 2 difficulties OR 9.71 [95% CI 4.20–22.40]; ≥3 difficulties OR 12.84 [95% CI 3.18–51.85]).ConclusionsThreatening and intrusive life events and difficulties are common in the year pre-onset among individuals with a first episode of psychosis. Such experiences may contribute to the development of psychotic disorders.
Outcome of short-term emergency department observation care of children with sickle cell disease and vaso-occlusive crises: initial experience from south-western Nigeria
Authors: Adegoke Samuel A , Oladimeji O I , Ologun B G , Aladekomo T A , Oyelami O A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundShort-term emergency department (ED) observation care may prevent prolonged and unnecessary hospital admission in patients with sickle pain. This study highlights the outcomes of short-term ED care of acute pain in children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsChildren aged 6 mo to 19 y with SCD and painful crises who were managed by short-term ED care from July 2017 to June 2019 were studied retrospectively. Biodata, pain score, type of care, length of hospital stay, inpatient transfer rate (the proportion that required transfer for full admission) and return rate (the proportion that returned to the hospital for retreatment of unresolved pain) were documented.ResultsFrom July 2017 to June 2019, 122 children with SCD were admitted to the ED for painful crises, of whom 118 (96.7%) with 167 hospital visits were managed by short-term ED observation care. The median length of stay was 10.5 h. In 50.3% of encounters, patients were successfully managed without requiring further care. However, in 17.4% of encounters, they had their ED observation care terminated and converted to full admission. The overall return rate for acute care within 1 wk for either persistence of symptoms or any other complaint was 31.7%.ConclusionsDedicated short-term ED observation care has the potential to provide effective and timely management of acute pain in children with SCD.
Review of the biology and host associations of the wasp genus Gasteruption (Evanioidea: Gasteruptiidae)
Authors: Parslow Ben A , Schwarz Michael P , Stevens Mark I 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGasteruption is an easily recognized genus of wasps whose larvae are predator-inquilines in the nests of cavity-nesting solitary bees (Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae), with some records for solitary wasps as hosts (Crabronidae, Vespidae and Sphecidae). There is conflicting information about the biology and host associations for the genus because of a lack of information from the majority of biogeographical regions in the world. Here we concatenate all available literature records pertaining to the biology of adults, host associations and larval development. We conclude that bee hosts are more readily used compared to wasp hosts (71 bee, 13 wasp species), with the majority of wasp observations without sufficient data to be confident of the host association. The majority of known records are for hosts nesting in cavity nests (76 species) rather than ground nests (eight species), with most species recorded from a single host association. From available data, the approximate rates of host nests with parasitized broods are low: 4–7%. We also provide suggestions for improving the quality of future observations in the group.
Wounds Related to Malignancy in Postacute and Long-term Care: A Case Series
Authors: Levine Jeffrey M. , Menezes Rikitha , Namagiri Santhini 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To study the epidemiology and characteristics of wounds related to malignancy in a large, academically affiliated postacute/long-term care (PALTC) facility.

DESIGN
Retrospective case series of 1 year of wound care consultations. Inclusion criteria included a cancer diagnosis with wounds related to malignancy or complications from cancer-related debility and/or treatment.

SETTING
Academically affiliated 514-bed PALTC facility.

PARTICIPANTS
Of 190 consults, 27 residents (14.2%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 20 (74.1%) were female, and 7 (25.9%) were male. The average age of residents with a cancer diagnosis and wounds was 69.5 years (range, 48.1–86.7 years), and 25 (92.6%) were on the postacute service.

RESULTS
The most common reasons for consultation included pressure injuries (44.4%), surgical wounds (21.4%), and malignant wounds (14.8%). Seventy-six percent of pressure injuries were present on admission. Breast (29.6%), gastrointestinal (25.9%), and gynecologic (11.1%) malignancies were most common. Of the studied residents, 14 (51.9%) had metastases, and 13 (92.9%) had pressure injuries.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings begin to fill a gap in understanding the spectrum of wounds in PALTC residents with cancer and reinforce the importance of the wound care skill set, including pressure injury prevention. Quality cancer care for older adults must anticipate severe skin complications not only from the tumor and its treatment, but also from the sequelae of immobility, immune compromise, malnutrition, and skin failure. The close association of metastatic disease with pressure injury raises issues of unavoidability and casts new doubt upon the use of pressure injuries for quality measurement.
Acute Skin Failure in the Critically Ill Adult Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dalgleish Lizanne , Campbell Jill , Finlayson Kathleen , Coyer Fiona 
Published: January 2020

GENERAL PURPOSE
To present a systematic review of the literature conducted to define and extend knowledge of the risk factors, causes, and antecedent conditions of acute skin failure (ASF) in adult intensive care patients.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Outline the background information helpful for understanding the authors' systematic review of ASF in adult intensive care patients.
2. Summarize the results of the authors' review of the risk factors, causes, and antecedent conditions of ASF in adult intensive care patients.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To define and extend knowledge of the risk factors, causes, and antecedent conditions of acute skin failure (ASF) in the adult intensive care patient cohort.

DATA SOURCES:

The Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database, PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Google Scholar.

STUDY SELECTION:

Studies were selected if they were qualitative or quantitative research that reported ASF in adult human patients in an ICU setting. The preliminary search yielded 991 records and 22 full texts were assessed for eligibility. A total of three records were included. Studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data from the included studies were extracted by one reviewer and summarized in data collection tables that were checked and verified by a second reviewer.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Study authors identified five independent predictors of ASF: peripheral vascular disease, mechanical ventilation longer than 72 hours, respiratory failure, liver failure, and sepsis. However, the term ASF was applied to retrospective cohorts of patients who developed severe pressure injuries. This, combined with the absence of evidence surrounding the assessment, clinical criteria, and diagnosis of ASF, could impact these variables’ predictability relative to the condition.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results highlight a substantial evidence gap regarding the etiology, diagnostic biomarkers, and predictors of ASF. Further research focused on these gaps may contribute to an accurate and agreed-upon definition for ASF, as well as improved skin integrity outcomes.
Approaches to Microthrombotic Wounds: A Review of Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
Authors: Mufti Asfandyar , Maliyar Khalad , Syed Maleeha , Pagnoux Christian , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: January 2020

GENERAL PURPOSE
To discuss the pathogenesis and clinical features of wounds caused by microthrombi formation under the following categories of systemic diseases: cold-related and immune-complex deposition diseases, coagulopathies, abnormalities in red blood cell structure, emboli, and vasospasm.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Recall the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of the various types of microthrombotic wounds.
2. Describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of the various types of microthrombotic wounds.

ABSTRACT
Typical wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and arterial ulcers are responsible for more than 70% of chronic wounds. Atypical wounds have broad differential diagnoses and can sometimes develop as a combination of different conditions. Regardless of the etiology, impaired blood circulation is characteristic of all chronic and acute wounds. Chronic wounds associated with microthrombi formation are an important group of atypical wounds commonly linked to an underlying systemic disease. In this perspective article, the pathogenesis and clinical features of wounds caused by microthrombi formation are discussed under the following categories of systemic diseases: cold-related and immune-complex deposition diseases, coagulopathies, abnormalities in red blood cell structure, emboli, and vasospasm.
HAIR DYE-INDUCED RETINOPATHY MIMICKING MEK-INHIBITOR RETINOPATHY
Authors: Faure Céline , Salamé Nabil , Cahuzac Armelle , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine , Scemama Claire 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To report a new toxic retinopathy related to the use of hair dye.

Methods:
Case reports of three patients with follow-up after exposure and until resolution.

Results:
There were three middle-aged women (32–66 year old) all of whom had bilateral moderate to severe vision loss and normal slit-lamp examination at presentation. Fundus examination showed bilateral multiple serous retinal detachments predominantly located in the posterior pole, with some pigment epithelial hypertrophy in chronic cases. Optical coherence tomography showed similar features as in MEK-inhibitor retinopathy. Electrooculogram performed in one patient showed abnormal Arden ratio. During follow-up, visual acuity improved with regression of the serous retinal detachments. The speed of resolution was proportional to the acuteness of the exposure to aromatic amines.

Conclusion:
Hair dyes containing aromatic amines can be responsible for bilateral toxic retinopathy mimicking MEK-inhibitor retinopathy.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: diagnosis, manifestations, and treatment
Authors: Sweet Kendra 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy with historically poor outcomes. It typically manifests as asymptomatic skin lesions and cytopenias, which result from bone marrow involvement. Less commonly, it will present in lymph nodes or visceral organs as well. Although rare, BPDCN has been discussed more frequently in recent years as new drugs have been developed that could be effective at treating this disease.

Recent findings
Until recently, treatment for BPDCN commonly included intensive chemotherapy regimens, which are generally reserved for management of acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, in 2018 tagraxofusp (SL-401) was approved as the only treatment specifically indicated for BPDCN. Additional clinical trials are ongoing evaluating the efficacy of newer agents, which could potentially further improve the long-term outcomes for patients with BPDCN.

Summary
This manuscript reviews the diagnosis, manifestations and treatment of BPDCN.
The role of micro-RNAs in management of germ cell tumors: future directions
Authors: Nappi Lucia , Kollmannsberger Christian , Nichols Craig 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
miRNAs 371 and 302/367 clusters are abundantly secreted in the blood of patients with active germ cell malignancy (aGCM), both seminoma and nonseminoma. The serum concentration of those micro-RNAs correlates with tumor burden and to the activity of specific treatments; therefore, representing attractive biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with germ cell tumors. This review summarizes the most relevant evidence supporting their clinical validity in germ cell tumors.

Recent findings
Several retrospective studies have reported high sensitivity and specificity of those micro-RNAs in identifying aGCM prior to the orchiectomy or in patients with metastatic germ cell tumor prior to or during chemotherapy. Most recently, few prospective studies have confirmed their clinical validity during the follow-up of patients after surgery and/or chemotherapy. Large studies are panned across the spectrum of germ cell tumors to assess their clinical utility and several efforts to identify biomarkers of teratoma are underway.

Summary
The integration of those micro-RNAs in the management of germ cell tumors has the potential to refine the therapeutic decision, especially in some clinical situations characterized by high uncertainty, such as clinical stage I, clinical stage IIA with normal tumor markers and residual disease postchemotherapy.