bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects: Current procedures and perspectives
Authors: Paré Arnaud , Bossard Adeline , Laure Boris , Weiss Pierre , Gauthier Olivier , Corre Pierre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects remains a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon, from both a functional and an esthetic point of view.MethodsThis clinical review examines the different techniques currently in use for mandibular reconstruction as related to a range of etiologies, including the different bone donor sites, the alternatives to free flaps (FFs), as well as the contribution of computer‐assisted surgery. Recent progress and the perspectives in bone tissue engineering (BTE) are also discussed.ResultsOsseous FF allows reliable and satisfying outcomes. However, locoregional flap, distraction osteogenesis, or even induced membrane techniques are other potential options in less favorable cases. Obtaining an engineered bone with satisfactory mechanical properties and sufficient vascular supply requires further investigations.ConclusionsOsseous FF procedure remains the gold standard for segmental mandible reconstruction. BTE strategies offer promising alternatives.
Millennials' use of online social networks for job search: The Ecuadorian case
Authors: Lucero‐Romero Giovanni , Arias‐Bolzmann Leopoldo G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study focuses on the way Ecuadorian Millennials use online social networks (OSN)—LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter—for job search (JS). This quantitative, descriptive and cross‐sectional research was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB). It was determined that Ecuadorian millennials, compared with millennials from developed countries, behave differently, and their attitude toward using OSN determines their actual use of OSN for JS. The main contribution of this research is that millennials' reflective attitudes need to be encouraged if they are to successfully accomplish any goal or initiative.
Prenatal hormones (2D:4D), intrasexual competition, and materialism in women
Authors: Nepomuceno Marcelo V. , de Aguiar Pastore Cristina M. , Stenstrom Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe explore the relationship between digit ratios (2D:4D) and materialism in women. Digit ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait that is indicative of prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure. Across two studies, we found that masculinized digit ratios (i.e., exposure to a high testosterone‐to‐estrogen ratio) were associated with the happiness dimension of materialism. Furthermore, we show that women with feminized digit ratios (i.e., high estrogen‐to‐testosterone ratio) who were assigned to an intrasexually competitive condition scored higher on the success dimension of materialism. Overall, these findings suggest that prenatal testosterone exposure promotes stronger beliefs that possessions are an important source of happiness, while prenatal estrogen exposure promotes stronger beliefs that possessions are an important means of signaling success. Thus, prenatal hormone exposure not only influences masculinized and feminized behavior but also shapes consumers’ materialistic beliefs.
Conspicuous anticonsumption: When green demarketing brands restore symbolic benefits to anticonsumers
Authors: Sekhon Tejvir S. , Armstrong Soule Catherine A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of conspicuous anticonsumption and provides evidence that it can be an effective means for green demarketing brands to encourage anticonsumption. Conspicuous anticonsumption refers to practices whereby brands provide visible signals imbued with meaning that consumers use to convey environmental motivations for consumption reduction activities. Two experiments suggest that without a signal, observers perceive anticonsumers to have lower socioeconomic status. However, when a visible signal communicates environmental motivations for anticonsumption actions, negative status inferences are mitigated and perceptions of the associated brand become more favorable. These visible signals confer status and restore the symbolic benefits that are often lost when consumption is forgone. Because symbolic benefits are powerful drivers of consumption choices, conspicuous anticonsumption can appeal to a broader base of moderate consumers. This practice has the potential to reduce negative environmental impact on a societal level as well as have positive outcomes for the brand. Counter to the prosocial perspective taken in most anticonsumption literature and activist thinking, This study highlights the importance of focusing on the personal symbolic benefits and costs of anticonsumption at the individual level.
Conservation Risk and Uncertainty in Recovery Prospects for a Collapsed and Culturally Important Salmon Population in a Mixed-Stock Fishery
Authors: Connors Brendan , Atlas William , Melymick Christina , Moody Megan , Moody Jason , Frid Alejandro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mixed-stock fisheries simultaneously exploit populations that may differ in their conservation status, and uncertainty in stock-specific harvest rates can hamper evaluations of recovery prospects for depressed populations. These difficulties are exemplified in the Sockeye Salmon population from the Atnarko watershed, which collapsed in the early 2000s, causing cultural and economic hardship. A recovery plan identified the incidental harvest of Sockeye Salmon by mixed-stock fisheries in the Atnarko as a potential, but poorly understood, impediment to recovery. We reconstructed harvest rates for salmon in Indigenous and commercial fisheries and used an age-structured state-space model of stock–recruit dynamics to predict how a range of future mixed-stock harvest rates would influence recovery. Under recent harvest rates, there is a 50–60% chance that the population will grow to exceed a recovery goal of 15,000 spawners over the next four generations. Eliminating the harvest of Sockeye Salmon altogether increased predicted recovery prospects to a maximum of 69%, suggesting that factors other than fisheries are contributing to the lack of recovery (e.g., ocean conditions) and that harvest management alone is unlikely to lead to recovery with a high degree of certainty. We developed a generalized migration, harvest, and catch monitoring simulation model to quantify how different monitoring scenarios might improve estimates for mixed-stock harvest rates. Increasing the number of specimens collected for genetic samples improved the harvest rate estimates for each stock caught in the mixed-stock fisheries, particularly for the smallest stocks, and relative to single sampling events conducted near the peak of the return migration, weekly sampling improved estimates only slightly but provided insurance against missing the peak of the return migration. Our study highlights collaborative research initiated and directed by the Nuxalk Nation to promote the recovery of a depressed stock that is inherent to traditional foods, thereby contributing to a global effort to integrate Indigenous cultural values with biological conservation.
α‐Synuclein Real‐Time Quaking‐Induced Conversion in the Submandibular Glands of Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Manne Sireesha , Kondru Naveen , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Huang Xuemei , Kanthasamy Arthi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of a peripheral biomarker is a major roadblock in the diagnosis of PD. Immunohistological identification of p‐serine 129 α‐synuclein in the submandibular gland tissues of PD patients has been recently reported.ObjectiveWe report on a proof‐of‐principle study for using an ultra‐sensitive and specific, real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay to detect pathological α‐synuclein in the submandibular gland tissues of PD patients.MethodsThe α‐synuclein real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay was used to detect and quantify pathological α‐synuclein levels in PD, incidental Lewy body disease, and control submandibular gland tissues as well as in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections.ResultsWe determined the quantitative seeding kinetics of pathological α‐synuclein present in submandibular gland tissues from autopsied subjects using the α‐synuclein real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay. A total of 32 cases comprising 13 PD, 3 incidental Lewy body disease, and 16 controls showed 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Interestingly, both PD and incidental Lewy body disease tissues showed 100% concordance for elevated levels of pathological α‐synuclein seeding activity compared to control tissues. End‐point dilution kinetic analyses revealed that the submandibular gland had a wide dynamic range of pathological α‐synuclein seeding activity.ConclusionsOur results are the first to demonstrate the utility of using the real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay on peripherally accessible submandibular gland tissues and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections to detect PD‐related pathological changes with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the detection of seeding activity from incidental Lewy body disease cases containing immunohistochemically undetected pathological α‐synuclein demonstrates the α‐synuclein real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay's potential utility for identifying prodromal PD in submandibular gland tissues. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Texture Features of Magnetic Resonance Images: A Marker of Slight Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Betrouni Nacim , Lopes Renaud , Defebvre Luc , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Dujardin Kathy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a frequent nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease. Depending on severity, patients are considered to have mild cognitive impairment or dementia. However, among the cognitively intact patients, some may have deficits in a less severe range. The early detection of such subtle symptoms may be important for the initiation of care strategies.ObjectiveTo identify imaging markers of early cognitive symptoms, potentially before usual signs, such as atrophy, become manifest.MethodsA total of 102 patients with Parkinson's disease and 17 age‐matched cognitively intact healthy controls underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Parkinson's disease patients were separated into 3 groups according to their cognitive status: intact, with slight slowing, and with mild deficits in executive functions. Texture features as measured by first‐order and second‐order statistics were computed in the following 6 brain regions: the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, putamen, caudate nucleus, and pallidum. They were tested between the groups, and their correlation with cognition was examined. Volumetric measurements were made for comparison.ResultsTexture analysis showed significant between‐group differences for 2 features—skewness and entropy in the hippocampus, the thalamus, and the amygdala—and the volume analysis revealed no between‐group difference. These features were significantly correlated with cognitive performance.ConclusionThese results support the assumption that signal alterations associated with Parkinson's disease–related cognitive decline can be captured very early by texture analysis. As these changes appear to reflect clinical phenomena, texture analysis may be a promising marker for helping cognitive phenotyping in Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
New methods for objective angiogenesis evaluation of rat nerves using microcomputed tomography scanning and conventional photography
Authors: Saffari Tiam M. , Mathot Femke , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionNerve regeneration involves multiple processes, which enhance blood supply that can be promoted by growth factors. Currently, tools are lacking to visualize the vascularization patterns in transplanted nerves in vivo. The purpose of this study was to describe three‐dimensional visualization of the vascular system in the rat sciatic nerve and to quantify angiogenesis of nerve reconstruction.Materials and MethodsIn 12 Lewis rats (weighing 250–300 g), 10 mm sciatic nerve gaps were repaired with ipsilateral reversed autologous nerve grafts. At 12 and 16 weeks of sacrifice, Microfil® contrast compound was injected in the aorta. Nerve autografts (N = 12) and contralateral untreated nerves (N = 12) were harvested and cleared while preserving the vasculature. The amount of vascularization was measured by quantifying the vascular surface area using conventional photography (two‐dimensional) and the vascular volume was calculated with microcomputed tomography (three‐dimensional). For each measurement, a vessel/nerve area ratio was calculated and expressed in percentages (vessel%).ResultsThe vascular volume measured 3.53 ± 0.43% in autografts and 4.83 ± 0.45% vessels in controls at 12 weeks and 4.95 ± 0.44% and 6.19 ± 0.29% vessels at 16 weeks, respectively. The vascular surface area measured 25.04 ± 2.77% in autografts and 26.87 ± 2.13% vessels in controls at 12 weeks, and 28.11 ± 3.47% and 33.71 ± 2.60% vessels at 16 weeks, respectively. The correlation between both methods was statistically significant (p = .049).ConclusionsBoth methods are considered to successfully reflect the degree of vascularization. Application of this technique could be used to visualize and objectively quantify angiogenesis of the transplanted nerve graft. Moreover, this simple method is easily reproducible and could be extrapolated to any other desired target organ ex vivo in small animals to investigate the vascular network.
Hybrid 3D analytical linear energy transfer calculation algorithm based on precalculated data from Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Deng Wei , Ding Xiaoning , Younkin James E. , Shen Jiajian , Bues Martin , Schild Steven E. , Patel Samir H. , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) for intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) calculated by one‐dimensional (1D) analytical models deviates from more accurate but time‐consuming Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We developed a fast hybrid three‐dimensional (3D) analytical LETd calculation that is more accurate than 1D analytical model.MethodsWe used the Geant4 MC code to generate 3D LETd distributions of monoenergetic proton beams in water for all energies and used a customized error function to fit the LETd lateral profiles at various depths to the MC simulation. The 3D LETd calculation kernel was a lookup table of these fitted coefficients, and LETd was determined directly from spot energies and voxel coordinates during analytical dose calculations. We validated our new method by comparing the calculated LETd distributions to MC results using 3D Gamma index analysis with 3%/2 mm criteria in 12 patient geometries. The significance of the improvement in Gamma index analysis passing rates over the 1D analytical model was determined using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsThe passing rate of 3D Gamma analysis comparing LETd distributions from the hybrid 3D method and the 1D method to MC simulations was significantly improved from 94.0% ± 2.5% to 98.0% ± 1.0% (P = 0.0003). The typical time to calculate dose and LETd simultaneously using an Intel Xeon E5‐2680 2.50 GHz workstation was approximately 2.5 min.ConclusionsOur new method significantly improved the LETd calculation accuracy compared to the 1D method while maintaining significantly shorter calculation time even comparing with the GPU‐based fast MC code.
Elucidating natural product structures using a robust measurement of carbon residual chemical shift anisotropy combined with DFT
Authors: Das Akhi , Nath Nilamoni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetermination of configurations and conformations is an important step in the structural characterization of small molecules. Apart from utilizing isotropic J‐couplings and nuclear overhauser effect (NOEs) measured in isotropic solution, anisotropic Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR) data such as residual dipolar couplings and residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) were also used to elucidate complex small molecule structures. Measuring RCSA has always been historically difficult due to the isotropic shift effect accompanied by molecular alignment and therefore only occasionally applied in a few examples. Here, we present a robust measurement of carbon RCSAs using a smaller gel‐stretching device to determine the structures of a few small molecules. A systematic study on how different density functional theory computed anisotropies of the chemical shift anisotropy tensors impact RCSA data interpretation has also been discussed. We also discuss the effect of utilizing various carbons as reference nuclei for RCSA data extraction as well as the orientation behavior of estrone in orthogonal alignment media.
Osteological evidence of short stature and parieto‐squamosal arch craniosynostosis in a non‐adult male from the 13th century Leiria, Portugal
Authors: Garcia Susana J. , Santos Ana Luisa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConditions that cause bone dysplasias and premature closure of sutures are rare. This study aims to discuss the underlying condition of a juvenile exhumed from the São Martinho church graveyard, Leiria, Portugal. The necropolis's stratigraphy dates this individual ca. 1211 AD, the date the church was founded. The skeleton is 84% complete, and the bones are well preserved. Pelvic morphology indicates a male individual. Age at death estimated from the length of the third molar was 17.8 years, whereas skeletal maturation indicated an age ranging between 14 and 16 years. The unusual features of this individual include (a) a stocky body with rugose muscle attachment sites, particularly on the clavicle and upper limb bones, and short long bones; (b) squamous and parieto‐mastoid sutures synostosis that resulted in an asymmetrical vault and mandible. Femur length is consistent with 9.5–12.0 years old. Hundreds of conditions can cause short stature. In this individual, the skeletal characteristics point to a mild form of skeletal dysplasia consistent with hypochondroplasia. However, only genetic tests could confirm this hypothesis. Despite his appearance, this individual survived to late adolescence and was buried in the same way as the other individuals of this medieval community. This study reports the first case of skeletal dysplasia in the Portuguese palaeopathological record.
Utility of BMIQ, a novel web‐based weight management programme, at an academic weight management centre
Authors: Barenbaum Sarah R. , Mathews Sherin E. , Saunders Katherine H. , Minero Guadalupe , Mauer Elizabeth , Aronne Louis J. , Shukla Alpana P. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundBMIQ is a customizable online platform used to deliver evidence‐based behavioural management that complements office visits with healthcare providers. BMIQ offers educational materials, meal plans and tracking tools for patients, and remote monitoring and guidance for physicians. In this retrospective chart review, the implementation and utility of BMIQ was assessed in patients treated at the Comprehensive Weight Control Center (CWCC) at Weill Cornell Medicine.MethodsThe study included all new patients seen at the CWCC between 9/1/2016 and 6/1/2017 who enrolled in BMIQ. Use of BMIQ was assessed by the number of enrolled patients who activated their account and viewed BMIQ sessions. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, and weight change during 6‐month follow‐up were obtained from the electronic medical records.ResultsOf the 495 new patients enrolled in BMIQ, 217 met the inclusion criteria of 6‐month follow‐up. The mean age was 50.2 (±13.1) and 72% (n = 157) were female. Sixty‐four percent (n = 138) activated their BMIQ account and viewed greater than or equal to 1 BMIQ session. The average number of physician and registered dietitian visits were 3.5 (±1.1) and 1.9 (±1.6), respectively. The average number of weight loss medications was 1.6 with metformin being the most commonly prescribed (76%). Mean weight loss at 6 months was 7.0 ± 5.9%; 59% achieved greater than or equal to 5% weight loss and 28% achieved greater than or equal to 10% weight loss. The total number of physician visits and weight‐loss pharmacotherapies used were significant predictors of patients achieving greater than or equal to 5% weight loss. Regular BMIQ usage was an independent predictor of patients achieving both greater than or equal to 5% and greater than or equal to 10% weight loss at 6 months.ConclusionClinically significant weight loss was achieved in the majority of patients with limited in‐clinic physician and registered dietitian follow‐up in combination with BMIQ. This retrospective study demonstrates the utility of online behavioural therapy as part of a medical weight management intervention.
Psychological and weight history variables as predictors of short‐term weight and body fat mass loss
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Dawson John A. , Kahathuduwa Chanaka N. , Chin Shao‐Hua , Binks Martin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveIdentifying predictors of early weight loss may have value in predicting longer‐term success in weight loss programmes. This study examined if weight history variables (ie, weight cycling history [WCH], age of onset of obesity [AOO]), and preintervention Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Power of Food Scale (PFS) scores predicted weight loss (WL) and fat mass loss (FML) following a 3‐week calorie restriction intervention.MethodsThirty‐two participants (19‐60 y; body mass index [BMI] 30‐39.9 kg/m2) participated in a 3‐week calorie restriction intervention (1120 kcal/d) as part of a larger clinical trial with 28 completers included in the current analyses. Preintervention WCH, AOO, TFEQ, and PFS subscale scores were collected, and WL and FML were measured. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict WL and FML for relevant covariates in this study.ResultsWCH, AOO, preintervention TFEQ subscale scores, and PFS subscale scores did not predict WL (all Ps > .08) or FML (Ps > .06) except, PFS‐food tasted scores significantly predicted WL (r = −0.40, P = .03).ConclusionAlthough these variables were not robust predictors, results for at least the PFS suggest there may be value in further exploring this measure using larger sample sizes.