bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and protein during bed rest increases CD11b+ skeletal muscle macrophages but does not correspond to muscle size or insulin sensitivity
Authors: Reidy Paul T. , Edvalson Logan T. , McKenzie Alec I. , Petrocelli Jonathan J. , Mahmassani Ziad S. , Drummond Micah J. 
Published: May 2020

With this cohort, we previously demonstrated preservation of thigh lean tissue with neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) treatment during bed rest in healthy older adults. Because macrophage polarization plays a significant role in the repair and maintenance of muscle size and insulin sensitivity, we hypothesized that muscle macrophages would be induced by NMES+PRO and would correspond to an increase in lean mass and an attenuated insulin resistance response altered by bed rest. Older adults (60–80 years old; body mass index < 30 kg/m2) underwent 5 days of bed rest and were randomized to either thrice daily treatment of NMES+PRO (n = 8) or CON (n = 8). Lean mass, insulin sensitivity, and markers of muscle macrophages, inflammation, and connective tissue were determined before and after bed rest. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance occurred after bed rest but there was not a treatment effect (p > 0.10). Proinflammatory-like macrophages (CD11b+, CD206−) increased (p < 0.05) with NMES+PRO treatment and was different than CON. Minor changes in noncontractile tissue were observed. However, changes in muscle macrophages or extracellular matrix were not related to the preservation of thigh lean mass or insulin resistance. Daily NMES+PRO treatment during bed rest induced a muscle proinflammatory-like macrophage response and was unrelated to muscle size or metabolic function. This study is listed as clinical trial NCT02566590. Novelty Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) increased proinflammatory-like macrophages and extracellular matrix content in older adults after bed rest. NMES+PRO changes in macrophages and noncontractile tissue macrophages were not related to muscle size preservation or insulin sensitivity.
Extracting Success from IBM’s 20-Qubit Machines Using Error-Aware Compilation
Authors: Nishio Shin , Pan Yulu , Satoh Takahiko , Amano Hideharu , Meter Rodney Van 
Published: May 2020

NISQ (Noisy, Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing requires error mitigation to achieve meaningful computation. Our compilation tool development focuses on the fact that the error rates of individual qubits are not equal, with a goal of maximizing the success probability of real-world subroutines such as an adder circuit. We begin by establishing a metric for choosing among possible paths and circuit alternatives for executing gates between variables placed far apart within the processor, and test our approach on two IBM 20-qubit systems named Tokyo and Poughkeepsie. We find that a single-number metric describing the fidelity of individual gates is a useful but imperfect guide.
Our compiler uses this subsystem and maps complete circuits onto the machine using a beam search-based heuristic that will scale as processor and program sizes grow. To evaluate the whole compilation process, we compiled and executed adder circuits, then calculated the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL-divergence, a measure of the distance between two probability distributions). For a circuit within the capabilities of the hardware, our compilation increases estimated success probability and reduces KL-divergence relative to an error-oblivious placement.
Transethnic Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Three New Loci and Characterizes Population-Specific Differences for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Matsunaga Hiroshi , Ito Kaoru , Akiyama Masato , Takahashi Atsushi , Koyama Satoshi , Nomura Seitaro , Ieki Hirotaka , Ozaki Kouichi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Sakaue Saori , Suna Shinichiro , Ogishima Soichi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Hozawa Atsushi , Satoh Mamoru , Sasaki Makoto , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Tanaka Keitaro , Arisawa Kokichi , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Takashima Naoyuki , Naito Mariko , Wakai Kenji , Tanaka Hideo , Sakata Yasuhiko , Morita Hiroyuki , Sakata Yasushi , Matsuda Koichi , Murakami Yoshinori , Akazawa Hiroshi , Kubo Michiaki , Kamatani Yoichiro , Komuro Issei 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Genome-wide association studies provided many biological insights into coronary artery disease (CAD), but these studies were mainly performed in Europeans. Genome-wide association studies in diverse populations have the potential to advance our understanding of CAD.

Methods:
We conducted 2 genome-wide association studies for CAD in the Japanese population, which included 12 494 cases and 28 879 controls and 2808 cases and 7261 controls, respectively. Then, we performed transethnic meta-analysis using the results of the coronary artery disease genome-wide replication and meta-analysis plus the coronary artery disease 1000 Genomes meta-analysis with UK Biobank. We then explored the pathophysiological significance of these novel loci and examined the differences in CAD-susceptibility loci between Japanese and Europeans.

Results:

We identified 3 new loci on chromosome 1q21 (
CTSS
), 10q26 (
WDR11-FGFR2
), and 11q22 (
RDX
-
FDX1
). Quantitative trait locus analyses suggested the association of
CTSS
and
RDX
-
FDX1
with atherosclerotic immune cells. Tissue/cell type enrichment analysis showed the involvement of arteries, adrenal glands, and fat tissues in the development of CAD. We next compared the odds ratios of lead variants for myocardial infarction at 76 genome-wide significant loci in the transethnic meta-analysis and a moderate correlation between Japanese and Europeans, where 8 loci showed a difference. Finally, we performed tissue/cell type enrichment analysis using East Asian-frequent and European-frequent variants according to the risk allele frequencies and identified significant enrichment of adrenal glands in the East Asian-frequent group while the enrichment of arteries and fat tissues was found in the European-frequent group. These findings indicate biological differences in CAD susceptibility between Japanese and Europeans.

Conclusions:
We identified 3 new loci for CAD and highlighted the genetic differences between the Japanese and European populations. Moreover, our transethnic analyses showed both shared and unique genetic architectures between the Japanese and Europeans. While most of the underlying genetic bases for CAD are shared, further analyses in diverse populations will be needed to elucidate variations fully.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Oral P2Y
12
Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Navarese Eliano P. , Khan Safi U. , Kołodziejczak Michalina , Kubica Jacek , Buccheri Sergio , Cannon Christopher P. , Gurbel Paul A. , De Servi Stefano , Budaj Andrzej , Bartorelli Antonio , Trabattoni Daniela , Ohman E. Magnus , Wallentin Lars , Roe Matthew T. , James Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Background:

New randomized, controlled trials have become available on oral P2Y
12
inhibitors in acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to evaluate current evidence comparing the efficacy and safety profile of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods:
We performed a network meta-analysis and direct pairwise comparison analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes from 12 randomized controlled trials including a total of 52 816 patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Results:
In comparison with clopidogrel, ticagrelor significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82 [95% CI, 0.72–0.92]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.92]), whereas there was no statistically significant mortality reduction with prasugrel (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.80–1.01] and HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.84–1.02], respectively). In comparison with each other, there were no significant differences in mortality (HR prasugrel versus ticagrelor, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.94–1.29] and 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98–1.28]). In comparison with clopidogrel, prasugrel reduced myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67–0.98]), whereas ticagrelor showed no risk reduction (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.78–1.22]). Differences between prasugrel and ticagrelor were not statistically significant. Stent thrombosis risk was significantly reduced by both ticagrelor and prasugrel versus clopidogrel (28%–50% range of reduction). In comparison with clopidogrel, both prasugrel (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.01–1.56]) and ticagrelor (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04–1.55]) significantly increased major bleeding. There were no significant differences between prasugrel and ticagrelor for all outcomes explored.

Conclusions:
Prasugrel and ticagrelor reduced ischemic events and increased bleeding in comparison with clopidogrel. A significant mortality reduction was observed with ticagrelor only. There was no efficacy and safety difference between prasugrel and ticagrelor.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42019155648.
Wind Feedback Mediated by Sea Ice in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Gerdes Rüdiger , Marshall John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAir–sea interactions play a critical role in the climate system. This study investigates wind-induced changes in the ocean surface temperature and sea ice cover feeding back onto the atmospheric circulation. This interaction was modeled in the Nordic seas, using a partial coupling method to constrain the ocean with prescribed wind forcing in an otherwise fully coupled Earth system model. This enabled the evaluation of not only the direct oceanic, but also the indirect atmospheric response to idealized forcing scenarios of perturbed winds over the Nordic seas. The results show that an anticyclonic wind anomaly forcing leads to significant surface cooling in the Greenland Sea mostly due to anomalous drift of sea ice. During winter, the cooling reduces the net surface heat flux to the atmosphere and increases sea level pressure. The pressure gradients result in anomalous geostrophic southerly winds, which locally are comparable both in direction and in velocity to the prescribed forcing anomalies, suggesting a positive feedback.
Factors Constraining Timely Sowing of Wheat as an Adaptation to Climate Change in Eastern India
Authors: Newport Danielle , Lobell David B. , Balwinder-Singh  , Srivastava Amit K. , Rao Preeti , Umashaanker Maanya , Malik Ram K. , McDonald Andrew , Jain Meha 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTClimate change is predicted to negatively impact wheat yields across northern India, primarily as a result of increased heat stress during grain filling at the end of the growing season. One way that farmers may adapt is by sowing their wheat earlier to avoid this terminal heat stress. However, many farmers in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) sow their wheat later than is optimal, likely leading to yield reductions. There is limited documentation of why farmers sow their wheat late and the potential constraints to early sowing. Our study uses data from 256 farmers in Arrah, Bihar, a region in the eastern IGP with late wheat sowing, to identify the socioeconomic, biophysical, perceptional, and management factors influencing wheat-sowing-date decisions. Despite widespread awareness of climate change, we found that farmers did not adopt strategies to adapt to warming temperatures and that wheat-sowing dates were not influenced by perceptions of climate change. Instead, we found that the most important factors influencing wheat-sowing-date decisions were irrigation type and cropping decisions during the monsoon season prior to the winter wheat growing season. Specifically, we found that using canal irrigation instead of groundwater irrigation, planting rice in the monsoon season, transplanting rice, and transplanting rice later during the monsoon season were all associated with delayed wheat sowing. These results suggest that there are system constraints to sowing wheat on time, and these factors must be addressed if farmers are to adapt wheat-sowing-date decisions in the face of warming temperatures.
Therapeutic evaluation of sclerotherapy for limb venous malformations: A case series
Authors: Zhan Tenghui , Cai Fanggang , Guo Pingfan , Lian Yujie , Zhuang Hui , Zhang Jinchi , Chen Hongyu , Chen Cheng , Lin Yichen 
Published: May 2020

Objectives To examine three different methods for evaluating the effect of percutaneous sclerotherapy on limb venous malformations in a series of patients with a relatively long follow-up. Method The study was a retrospective study. Results Thirty-eight patients treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy underwent sclerotherapy, with a median number of sessions of 4 (range, 1–10). They were followed up for 1–60 months (average 12.5 months). The kappa between clinical manifestations and Doppler ultrasound was 0.684 ( P < 0.001). The kappa between clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging was 0.217 ( P = 0.006). The kappa between Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was 0.323 ( P < 0.001). The rate of grade IV patients evaluated by clinical manifestations was significantly higher than that by Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for VM imaging. Its consistency with clinical examination and Doppler ultrasound is poor, and Doppler ultrasound and clinical examination could be more appropriate for follow-up imaging after sclerotherapy.
Expanding Contraception Access for Women With Opioid-Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Hurley Emily A. , Duello Alex , Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , Goggin Kathy , Stancil Stephani , Winograd Rachel P. , Miller Melissa K. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: As almost nine in ten pregnancies among women with opioid use disorder (OUD) are unintended, expanding access to contraception is an underutilized but potentially effective strategy in increasing reproductive agency and reducing the overall burden of neonatal abstinence syndrome. We aimed to identify where and how contraceptive services could be integrated into existing points-of-contact for women with OUD. Approach: In-depth qualitative interviews. Setting: Three diverse catchment areas in Missouri. Participants: Women with OUD (n = 15) and professional stakeholders (n = 16) representing five types of existing OUD service points: syringe exchange programs, recovery support programs, substance use treatment programs, emergency departments, and Federally Qualified Health Centers. Method: Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded using Dedoose software. Results: Six themes emerged as essential components for integrating contraceptive services into existing points-of-contact for women with OUD: (1) reach women with unmet need; (2) provide free or affordable contraception; (3) maximize service accessibility; (4) provide patient-centered care; (5) employ willing, qualified contraceptive providers; and (6) utilize peer educators. Participants affirmed the overall potential benefit of contraceptive service integration and illuminated various opportunities and challenges relevant to each type of existing service point. Conclusion: As health promotion initiatives look to increase access to contraception among women with OUD, these six’ participant-identified components offer essential guidance in selecting advantageous points-of-contact and addressing remaining gaps in services.
Informed consent and childhood gender dysphoria: emerging complexities in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: d’Abrera Juan Carlos , D’Angelo Roberto , Halasz George , Prager Shirley , Morris Philip 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To explore some of the emerging complexities in the management of childhood gender dysphoria. Conclusion: The authors raise questions about the gender-affirmation approach and highlight concerns about informed consent and research ethics.
Development of an Outcome Measure of Observable Signs of Health and Well-Being in Infants With Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Heike Carrie L. , Albert Meredith , Aspinall Cassandra L. , Bautista Suzel , Bellucci Claudia Crilly , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Mecham Solange , Patrick Donald L. , Rosenberg Janine , Siebold Babette , Stueckle Laura P. , Edwards Todd C. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To develop an outcomes instrument that assesses observations that can be reliably reported by caregivers and can be used to assess health of infants with a cleft lip or cleft lip and cleft palate (CL±P) and impacts of treatments. Design: Cross-sectional, mixed methods study. Setting: Caregivers and health-care providers were recruited from 3 academic craniofacial centers and national advertisements. Most interviews were conducted by telephone, and surveys were completed online. Participants: Caregivers had a child less than 3 years of age with CL±P and spoke either English or Spanish. Health-care providers were members of a cleft team. Caregivers (n = 492) and health-care professionals (n = 75) participated in at least one component of this study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Caregivers and health-care providers participated in tasks related to instrument development: concept elicitation for items within relevant health domains, prioritization of items, and item review. Results: We identified 295 observations of infant well-being across 9 health areas. Research staff and specialists evaluated items for clarity, specificity to CL±P, and responsiveness to treatment. Caregivers and health-care providers rated the resulting list of 104 observations and developed the final instrument of 65 items. Conclusions: In this phase of development of the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes (iCOO) instrument, items were developed to collect caregiver observations about indicators of children’s health and well-being across multiple domains allowing for psychometric testing, sensitivity to changes associated with treatment, and documentation of the effects of treatment.
Comparison between two fast threshold strategies: SPARK and SITA in normal subjects
Authors: Foo Say Kiang , Cubbidge Robert Peter , Heitmar Rebekka 
Published: May 2020

Background Numerous fast threshold strategies have been developed in perimetry which use maximum likelihood approaches to estimate the threshold. A recent approach to threshold estimation has been developed estimating the threshold from a limited number of test points which further reduces examination time. This strategy, SPARK, has not been compared to the SITA strategy. The aim of this study was to compare SPARK with SITA in a normal cohort to evaluate within and between strategy agreement in threshold estimates. Methods A total of 83 normal subjects each underwent two visual field examinations with SITA and SPARK on two separate occasions on a randomly selected eye. The eye examined and the order of strategy examined first was randomised but remained constant over the two perimetry visits. Results Visual field examination with SPARK Precision was on average 33% faster than SITA Standard. A positive correlation between group mean sensitivities of SITA Standard and SPARK Precision (rho = 0.713, p < 0.001) was found. In total, 95% of stimulus locations were located within the 95% limits of agreement and linear regression on the differences in sensitivities showed no statistically significant proportional bias (t = 1.713, p = 0.09). Pointwise analysis showed SITA Standard had significantly larger variability for individual stimulus locations examined over two visits when compared to SPARK (t = 9.175, p < 0.001). Conclusion The clinical examination of SPARK yields a sensitivity profile similar to SITA but in a faster examination time. The lower threshold variability of SPARK may be as a result of data smoothing in the threshold estimation process.
Impact of a digital Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers–Revised on likelihood and age of autism diagnosis and referral for developmental evaluation
Authors: Major Samantha , Campbell Kathleen , Espinosa Steven , Baker Jeffrey P , Carpenter Kimberly LH , Sapiro Guillermo , Vermeer Saritha , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: May 2020

The present study is a single-site quality improvement project within pediatric primary care involving the implementation of a digital version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers–Revised. We evaluated the impact of the digital screener on the likelihood of physician referral for a developmental evaluation or autism diagnosis, and the age of the patients at the time of the event. Patients were children 16–30  months old seen for 18 and 24 months’ well-child visits (1279 encounters), who screened positive for risk for autism spectrum disorder on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers–Revised without a previously documented autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Comparisons were made between a cohort of children screened with the paper and pencil version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers–Revised before the digital version was implemented and a cohort of children screened during the intervention period. Patients were followed until 48 months and referrals were obtained from electronic health records. Patients screened with the digital Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers–Revised were five times more likely to be referred for a developmental evaluation. The automatic scoring, risk assessment, and referral decision support features helped to improve screening outcomes. In this clinic, process change to a digital screening method with automatic guidance for next steps improved adherence to evidence-based clinical care. Lay abstract This was a project in primary care for young children (1–2 years old). We tested a parent questionnaire on a tablet. This tablet questionnaire asked questions to see whether the child may have autism. We compared the paper and pencil version of the questionnaire to the tablet questionnaire. We read the medical charts for the children until they were 4 years old to see whether they ended up having autism. We found that doctors were more likely to recommend an autism evaluation when a parent used the tablet questionnaire. We think that the tablet’s automatic scoring feature helped the doctors. We also think that the doctors benefited from the advice the tablet gave them.
Exosomal Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers Dose-Specific MiRNA Markers for Ionizing Radiation Exposure
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Jiabin , Zhou Liang , Hao Shuai , Ding Zhenhua , Xiao Lin , Zhou Meijuan 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Acute exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is hazardous or even lethal. Accurate estimation of the doses of IR exposure is critical to wisely determining the following treatments. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles harboring biomolecules and mediate the communications among cells and tissues to influence biological processes. Screening out the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes as biomarkers can be useful for estimating the IR exposure doses and exploring the correlation between these miRNAs and the occurrence of disease. Methods: We treated mice with 2.0, 6.5, and 8.0 Gy doses of IR and collected the mice sera at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure. Then, the serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and the small RNA portion was extracted for sequencing and the following bioinformatics analysis. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the potential dose-specific markers. Results: Fifty-six miRNAs (31 upregulated, 25 downregulated) were differentially expressed after exposure of the above 3 IR doses and may act as common IR exposure miRNA markers. Bioinformatic analysis also identified several dosage-specific responsive miRNAs. Importantly, IR-induced miR-151-3p and miR-128-3p were significantly and stably increased at 24 hours in different mouse strains with distinct genetic background after exposed to 8.0 Gy of IR. Conclusion: Our study shows that miR-151-3p and miR-128-3p can be used as dose-specific biomarkers of 8.0 Gy IR exposure, which can be used to determine the exposure dose by detecting the amount of the 2 miRNAs in serum exosomes.