bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC EXTRACT AND HAMIC ACID APPLICATION ON STRAWBERY PRODACTION
Authors: & Al-Rawi AL- Karawi 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out in greenhouse Date to palm Research units, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad ( Abu Ghraib ) , seasons 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of foliar application organic matter extract and humic acid and their interactions on yield of strawberry plants . The study include 12 treatments , to spray strawberry's plant with four levels of organic matter spray included distilled water only (T0) , (1) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water ( 1:1) (T1) , (2) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water (2:1 ) (T2 ) and (3) volume of organic matter extract volume of distilled water (3:1) (T3), the second factor was three concentrations of humifert-ultra , 0( H0 ) , 2.5 ml.L-1 ( H2.5) and 5 ml.L-1 ( H5 ) to the soil . Factorial Experiment carried out according to RCBD with three replications , averages compared by LSD test at the level of 5% probability. Results that have been obtained is that spraying plants extract organic matter led to a significant increase in the number of flowers and the percentage of the contract and the number of fruits and had no significant effect on yield of plant. addition of humic acid led to a significant increase in the number of flowers and the percentage of fruit set and the number of fruits and fruit weight and yield of plant .
STUDY THE EFFECT OF DRAWBAR AND FIELD EFFICIENCY USING OF ACOMBINE IMPLEMENT USED IN THE INSTALLATION OF SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION PIPES AND DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER DIFFERENT DISCHARGE
Authors: & Al-kaabi Jasim 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in the field of the University of Baghdad in 2015 In loamy sand soil to study the effect drawbar and field efficiency using of a combine implement used for installation subsurface irrigation pipes and drip irrigation under different discharges. Subsurface irrigation system and drip irrigation system with three levels of discharge included 2.5,3.0 and3.5 L\hr-1 were used in this experiment. Field efficiency, drawbar, soil moisture content and soil bulk density were measured in this stdy. Nasted design under randomized complete block design(CRBD) with three replications were used in this experiment. Least significant differences (L.S.D) at 0.05 levels were used to compare the mean of treatments. The results were showed the follows: Subsurface irrigation got 12.7 kw drawbar and 29.45% moisture content and 1.43g/cm3 bulk density g/cm3 and 84% field efficiency.While Drip irrigation system got 9.73kw drawbar and 25.19% moisture content and 1.47g/cm3 bulk density and 89% field efficiency. The successful of using combine implement to install subsurface irrigation pipes with tillage at the same time.
FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates
Authors: & et al. Al- Khazaali 
Published: June 2020

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.
EFFECT OF DIPPING IN GIBBERLLIC ACID AND SPRAYING NUTRIENT SOLUTION AGRO LEAF ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF JERUSALUM ARTICHOKE.
Authors: & et al. Sadik 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA3(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant-1) but the treatment G1A1gave highest rate for number of leaves, leaf area, guide of leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative parts and dry weight of 100gm tubers as(4495.10 leaf.plant-1, 2246.20 dsm2, 99.84, 922.40g, 24.00g.) respectively. The treatments gave significant differences quantity yield, so treatment G3A0 gave highest weight of the tubers as(45.55g.) but the treatment G3A1 gave highest number of the tubers as(68.00 tuber.plant-1 ) and highest yield of plant as (2890g/plant).
FIELD EVALUATION OF ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND PREGNANCY DETECTION USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY TO THE LOCAL AWASSI EWES FOR SHEEP OWNERS IN KANAAN DISTRICT- DIYALA PROVINCE
Authors: & Hobi Al-Jubouri 
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to carry out an on-farm experiment in sheep owner farms in Kanaan district for the period from 7th Feb. 2015 to 27th Mar. 2015 and to identify the unconventional methods in controlling the reproduction in sheep and increase their productivity using 45 local Awassi ewes, randomly selected from three sheep owners (15 ewes / owner). Treatment group (10 ewes/ owner) were treated with a vaginal sponges containing 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted for 10 days, followed by I.M. injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), while 5 ewes / owner were regarded as control group without any treatment. Estrus was observed for all ewes for 5 days post withdrawal of sponges. Ewes that showed estrus were mated by rams in their flocks, thereafter, pregnancy detection was conducted at days 35-37 post- mating using transabdominal ultrasonography. A questionnaire involved 20 sheep owners and a demonstrative field day was conducted for owners contributed in the experiment, and others from the region of study to explain the importance and results of the experiment. The results showed the appearance of estrus in all ewes 100% within three days after the withdrawal of sponges. Pregnancy rate of 85.71% at days 35-37 of mating. The questionnaire showed there is an urgent need of knowledge for owners to find out the importance of controlling the reproductive cycle in sheep using vaginal sponges. Also, there were a correlation between the need of knowledge for sheep owners with (educational level for most of them, herd sizes, income from breeding, training courses and other activities in the fields of breeding and reproduction of sheep). In conclusion, the technology of estrus synchronization has an important role to improve reproductive performance of sheep and pregnancy could be detected through transabdominal ultrasonography at 35-37 days with high accuracy as well as there is great desire for the most owner to conduct estrus synchronization technique and to take care their birth of herds simultaneously.
EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES
Authors: & Naes Baktash 
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches during 2014-2015 seasons. The objective of this research was evaluation bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes ,which concluded 15 pure lines in seventh generation, which developed by half dialld method between 6 parents ,The experiment was conducted using split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates ,The main plots content four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 superoired to all other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1 .Increasing seeding rates caused early flowering, increased plant height, biological yield and harvest index. Significant differences were found in all the studied characters due to genotypes and seeding rates interaction. The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rates produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1).
EFFECT OF TIMINOR AND RATES OF POTASSIUM ON BREAD WHEAT QUALITY AND SOME OTHER CHARACTERES
Authors: & et al Zeboon 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agriculture, Univ. of Baghdad ,during 2011-2012, to study the effect of potassium fertilizer levels and appilication stage on bread wheat grains quality Triticum asetivum L.(Var- Abu-Ghraib-3) and some other characteres . Factorial experiment was conducted in RCBD design with three replication involved two levels of potassium 120,180 kg.ha-1 and control treatment the second factor was three stage of application (tillering ,Booting , flowering). The results shows non significant differ between potassium leveles for all studied traits, except havest index.The potassium level 180 kg.ha-1 produced plants with highest harvest index (38.17%), in comparison to the level 120 kg.ha-1, (36.82%).The application stage at flowering time produced grains with higher protein (12.18%), when compard to the tillering and booting stages (11.32% and 12.17%) respectively. The potassium application stage at tillering was superior in protein yield and harvest index 0.935 mg.ha-1 and 40.37%, respectively. It can be conclude that potassium addition stage was more important than, it,s dosages.
EFFECT OF DAY OLD CHICKS WEIGHT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF TWO BROILER STRAINS AND THEIR CROSSING
Authors: AL-Shamire J. S. H. 
Published: June 2020

This experment was conducted at the Poultry Farm،Animal production Dept./College of Agriculture. University of Baghdad from 1-4-2014 to 12-5-2014. to investigate the potential effect of day old chicks weight produced from two broiler strains and their crossing Ross 308 , Arbor Acres and Ross 308 x Arbor Acres on productive performance . A total of 360 day all chicks were distributed randomly to 6 groups with 4 replicate pens )15 birds / pens). The experimental groups were: T1= Ar-medium; T2= Ar - Large ; T3= R-medium; T4= R -Large; T5= R - Arb-medium; T6= R - Ar-Large. Results showed that body weight, weekly average gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and relative breast weight in female were significantly (p<0.05) better in group T3 and T5 compared to heavy chicks . While there was no significant differences between sex or strain for breast relative weight and other cuts. It could be concluded from this study that chicks with medium weight gave better or equal live weight compared to heaver strain .however crossing between hybrids improved productive performance of broilers .
EFFECT OF LACTOFERRIN ADDTION TO SEMEN OF AWASSI RAMS ON THE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
Authors: & Houbi Mahdi 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted at the farm of Animal production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Algaderia to know the effect of lactoferrin protein addition in the semen extender of Awassi during the period from 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 on Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg were used in this study . Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina then it's were pooled and divided in to four treated groups, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin 100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treated groups was used a lactoferrin protein with the contamination of 400 , 800 and 1200 mg \ L-1, respectively .After dilution the semen samples have been kept at the refrigerator (5 C) for 5 days to measure some physical properties of sperm which included the acrosome integrity and some bacteriological examination (type and number) .Data obtained from this experiment showed that there was no significant difference (p≥0.05) in the acrosome integrity of sperm between the control and treated groups (2,3 and 4) which were decrease the most types of bacteria in the semen samples , where as the type of bacteria in group 2 were sphingomonas and Stenotrophomonas and in groups 3 and 4 were Klebsiella, Proteus, Cupriavidus, while there were six types of bacteria in the control group (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Enterobacter , and Staphylococcus epidermidis ) . It was concluded that the use of lactoferrin in the semen causing adecrease in the total number of bacteria in the semen.
MEASURING THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND THE RATE OF CHANGE IN THE TFP FOR FARMS RAIN-FED WHEAT IN THE REGION IN LIGHT OF DIFFERING SIZE AREA
Authors: & Jbara Rijib 
Published: June 2020

This study deals with the subject of measuring the impact of variation of wheat planted area categories in the region rain-fed on the technical efficiency and the rate of change in( TFPch),The basic preliminary data was obtained from field resources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers in Sulaimaniyah region including 225 farms production during 2013-2014 season , It has been measurement of technical and Scale efficiency in light of change and stability of the total revenue according to the production function variables using (Area ,the amount of seeds ,compound fertilizer, urea fertilizer , pesticides , machinery work , manual work ) it turns out that the average technical efficiency for the first, second ,third ,forth ,and fifth class of the cultivated areas reached around( 82% , 76% ,70%, 53%,and 72 %) respectively recording a total average of 72% for the farms included in the studied sample . The numbers of farms achieving the optimum technical efficiency were (25, 3, 11, 21 and 15) for the five categories respectively.As far as the change in the total factor productivity (TFPch)in the farms subject to the study (using the Malmquist index of productivity) the result has indicated that the change in total production stood at an average of 1.39 , and the farms in which a positive change in the total factor productivity (TFPch) was 92 farms representing 41% of the total number of the farms included in the study , a negative (TFPch) was recorded in 83 farms representing 37% of the total number of the farms included in the study .
EFFECT OF BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZER AND COMPOST ON THE GROWTH OF TOMATO PLANT
Authors: & Al-Whaab Salman 
Published: June 2020

A pot experiment was conducted at Baghdad site for organic fertilizer preparation Plant Protection Directorate during summer of 2014-2015, using sandy Loam texture soil to study the effect of bacterial bio-fertilizer ( Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens ) and Compost on growth and nutrients content of tomato plants "Super queen". Eight treatments were used included (Control , Azotobacter , pseudomonas, Azotobacter+ psuedomonas , Compost , Azotobacter + Compost , Compost+ psuedomonas , Azotobacter + psuedomonas + Compost). Complete Randomized Design ( CRD ) with 5 replicates was used. Results showed that application of di bacterial bio-fertilizer (AP) increased significantly dry mater weight and N , P , K nutrients content for shoots with an increment of 36.4%,74.4%,76.0% and 64.9% respectively compared to control. Results showed that application of di bacterial bio-fertilizer (AP) and compost increased significantly dry matter weight and N , P , K nutrients content for shoot with increment percentage of 95.3% 239.3% , 219.2% and 266.8% respectively compared to control.
EFFECT OF USING IRRIGATION WATER IN DEFFIRENT QUALITIES AND BIO-FERTILIZER IN SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCAREOUS SOIL
Authors: & Al-Joubory Salman 
Published: June 2020

A pots experiment was conducted at the canopy wood of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Abu-Ghraib) during summer season of 2014 to study the effect of irrigation water quality and biofertilizer and their interactions on some soil chemical properties and growth of corn. Treatments included three water qualities river water (1.5 ds.m-1 ''Q1''), well water (4.4 ds.m-1 ''Q3'') and mixed water (3.0 ds.m-1 ''Q2'') and two levels of biofertilizer (without inoculation ''B0'' and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens ''B1'') applied to clay loam soil, using complete randomization design (CRD) in three replicates. The results of study Soil EC values increased with increasing water salinity giving 5.18, 6.03 and 6.70 ds.m-1 for Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively. And significantly increased exchange capacity of the cation ions CEC reached 22.20, 23.01 and 24.31 c mole c kg-1 soil for Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively. Irrigation water salinity also led to a significant increase in soil organic matter content reached 11.06, 12.55 and 13.90 gm.kg-1 soil for Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively. Biofertilization led to decrease in rates a significant values electrical conductivity (EC) increase exchange capacity of the cation ions CEC and organic matter soil.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF GARLIC Allium sativum L
Authors: & et al. Ali 
Published: June 2020

A field trial was conducted in Silt loam soil at Al-bu-Farraj, northen Ramadi, 110 km west of Baghdad) , to study the effect of fertilization with macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Randomized complete block design with three replicate was used. Four fertilizer formulations from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium i.e. A0 (0,0,0) , A1 (80, 80, 80) , A2 (120, 120, 120 and A3 (160, 160, 160) kg.ha-1 were applied. Four concentrations of nutrient solution( B0,B1,B2,B3) (0 , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5) g.L-1 were foliar applied.Results showed no significant difference among treatments regarding plant height. Leaf area , mean head weight and yield were significantly (0.05) increased with rate of application for individual factor and interaction between factors. The combination of fertilizer A2B3 gave higher Leaf area rate of 1166.9cm2.plant-1, and the weight of the head 97.30 g and higher yield of heads was 25.90 Mg.ha-1, compared with less yield 14.30 Mg.ha-1 which was given without A0B0 fertilization. Soil application and foliar spray individually led to significant (0.05) increases in leaves number per plant, while interaction had no significant effect on these trails. For cloves per head only the soil application was significantly active in increasing this trail.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LACTOFERRIN GENE WITH MILK PRODUCTION AND ITS COMPONENT IN HOLSTEIN COW
Authors: & Shaker Alkudsi 
Published: June 2020

This resesrch was conducted at the Dairy Cattle Farm pertaining to the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture in Abu-Ghraib (20 km West of Baghdad) and Al-Jaderiah, as well as at the Biotechnology Physiology Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad , Al-Jaderiah, and in collaboration with the Laboratory that specific for molecular genetic analysis during the period from 27/11/2015 to 1/04/2016. The objective of this study was to identify the polymorphism of lactoferrin gene and their relationship with some growth and productive traits for 28 Holstein cows and their borns, along with the study of some immunological indicators. The distribution percentages of lactoferrin gene polymorphism in cow's sample were 17.86 and 82.14 % for AA and AB respectively. The variation between these percentages were highly significant (P≤0.01). The allele frequency for A and B were 0.59 and 0.41 respectively, according to the lactoferrin gene analysis carried out currently. The effect of lactoferrin gene polymorphism on milk yield was highly significant (P≤0.01), being cows with AB yielded 2447.37 ± 209.06 kg, while those with AA yielded 1205.70 ± 120.14 kg. The lactation period has not significantly affected by lactoferrin gene polymorphism. The influence of lactoferrin gene polymorphism was obvious on milk fat (P≤0.01) and ash (P≤0.05) percentages, while other milk components (lactose, protein and solid non-fat) did not. It can be concluded from the study of gene expression for lactoferrin gene, the possibility of adopted them in cattle breeding strategy,. We also recommend to apply the study on a larger sample and for several productive lactions that will give more accurate results from the application of culling and replacement strategies.
EVALUATION THE EFFICIENCY OF SUBSTATE AND CASING IN YIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITIES OF FUNGI Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: & et al. Abdulrazzaq 
Published: June 2020

Evaluation the efficiency different agro-waste sawdust (SD) , wheat straw (WS) and palm waste (PW) substrate on morphological and productivity of the P. eryngii showed that the shortest period for the full growth was on PWs which reached 53.3 days , the shortest period of pinhead formation was 8.7days on SD , the fungus gave the maximum yield and biological efficiency on WS which reached 138.3 gm/bag and 37.7 % . the shortest period of full growth of P. eryngii in SD supplemented with alfalfa was 20.6 days , the shortest period of pinhead formation was 12days on treatments WS enriched with wheat bran , WS amended with sugarcane and SD amended with wheat bran The fungus gave the highest yield in WS enriched with wheat bran which246.3 gm/bag in the same substrate with 74.5 % biological efficiency. The general mean growth for P. eryngii was 1cm / day on different examined soil which achieved the highest general mean growth 3 cm after 3 days of inoculation on Peatmoss + clay soil (1:1, the highest yield 790 gm / container in WS enriched with wheat bran with 119% biological efficiency by peatmoss alone.