bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinacalcet-induced hypocalcemia in a cohort of European haemodialysis patients: predictors, therapeutic approaches and outcomes
Authors: Louie Karly S. , Erhard Clement , Wheeler David C. , Stenvinkel Peter , Fouqueray Bruno , Floege Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Calcimimetic treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic dialysis patients is often followed by hypocalcemia.

Methods
We investigated the frequency, predictors, consequences and therapeutic responses following cinacalcet-induced hypocalcemia in an incident European hemodialysis cohort of 1068 patients with a cinacalcet prescription.

Results
Of 905 normocalcemic patients initiating cinacalcet, 67% developed hypocalcemia within 12 months: 68% mild, 23% moderate, 9% severe. Compared to persistently normocalcemic patients, those with severe hypocalcemia were more often diabetic, overweight, had cardiovascular disease, shorter dialysis vintage, used a catheter dialysis access, had fewer active vitamin-D sterols, and exhibited higher CRP and iPTH and lower calcium levels. Multivariate predictors of hypocalcemia included a catheter for vascular access, low albumin and high iPTH. Generally, no therapeutic intervention to prevent hypocalcemia was taken prior to cinacalcet initiation. After the hypocalcemic event, the most common clinical response was no change of the dialysis or medical regimen. Following the hypocalcemic event, iPTH remained low even in those with severe hypocalcemia. The number of deaths and cardiovascular events did not differ between patients with and without hypocalcemia within six months following cinacalcet initiation.

Conclusion
Two-thirds of cinacalcet initiated patients experienced hypocalcaemia with 9% being severe. Hypocalcemia was mostly asymptomatic, transient (with and without targeted intervention to correct it) and not associated with an increase in cardiovascular events or deaths.
A wavelet-entropy based segmentation of turbulence measurements from a moored shear probe near the wavy sea surface
Authors: Bakhoday-Paskyabi Mostafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we explore the applicability of a wavelet-entropy based segmentation technique in reduction of motion-induced contaminations in time-domain from subsurface turbulence measurements made by a moving shear probe. After the quality screening of data, the Shannon entropy procedure is combined with a time-dependent adaptive wavelet thresholding method to split each 60-s long shear segment into a number of motion-reduced subblocks. The wavelet-entropy strategy leads to preventing the false detection effect caused by applying either wavelet de-noising or Shannon entropy alone for conditions where the turbulence (strongly) overlap with scales induced by waves or platform motions. The longest stationary subblock, with a size greater than 16-s, is then used to extract the Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) dissipation rate, $$\varepsilon$$ε. Efficiency of the proposed method is verified by comparing with $$\varepsilon$$ε measurements made by a nearby free-falling microstructure profiler. While the quality of observations is constrained by a number of factors such as sensors’ angle of attack, and the wave kinematical and dynamical effects, results demonstrate significant improvements, by approximately a factor of 5–10, compared with $$\varepsilon$$ε measurements from each 60-s segment using the Goodman et al. [13] method. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the motion-corrected $$\varepsilon$$ε using the proposed method is largely consistent with the scaling suggested by Terray et al. [30].
Effect of Acacia catechu and alum hot sitzbath on post-operative pain in patients treated with herbal seton
Authors: Sreelekshmi V.S. , Rajeshwari P.N. , Tripathy Rabinarayan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Post-operative pain is the major consequence of Kṣārasūtra, Seton technique employed in Ayurvedic management of Low anal fistula. Surgeons are forced to prescribe Opioids and NSAIDs with pronounced untoward effects. Non pharmacological measures like Balneotherapy are used to improve circulation and relieve spasm in contemporary sciences.
Aim To compare the efficacy of Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Sphaṭika (Potash alum) hot sitzbath with plain hot sitzbath in patients of low anal fistula treated with Kṣārasūtra.
Method The study was single blind, double armed; prospective, randomized control clinical trial in which 30 patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 15 each on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received hot sitzbath using Acacia catechu and alum infusion twice daily for 21 days. Group B received hot sitzbath using warm water for 21 days. The assessments were made on pain, post-surgical satisfaction burning sensation, tenderness, discharge, constipation, itching and incontinence.
Result The disease was prevalent in the 4th decade of life, more in males (86.67%) involved in sedentary work (53.33%) residing in urban domicile, consuming mixed diet (100%). Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in outcome measures like pain, burning sensation, tenderness, discharge, constipation and itching.
Conclusion On comparative analysis Acacia and Alum hot sitzbath was more effective in outcomes like pain, surgical satisfaction, burning sensation and discharge. There was no difference in the effect of both interventions with respect to outcome measures like constipation, itching and incontinence.
Dual-stage intrusion detection for class imbalance scenarios
Authors: Panigrahi Ranjit , Borah Samarjeet 
Published: December 2019

In the early morning of 12 May 2017, WannaCry, a class of self-propagating malware, attacked the UK's National Health Service (NHS) hospital network.1It was estimated that a total of 50,000 NHS systems were affected.2WannaCry ransomware and other threats of this type are generally propagated through the Internet or networks. The lethal behaviour of these threats is visible once they start controlling the entire system. This is where the role of an intrusion detection system (IDS) comes into the picture. An effective IDS acts as a second line of defence and comes into action when a firewall fails to detect a threat. The deficiency of firewalls clearly indicates why IDS solutions are progressively more important in the context of hosts in a network of systems.An intrusion detection system (IDS) encounters many challenges when trying to identify dangerous activity. One of these is the high class imbalance nature of class labels.Classification and detection models based on high class imbalance datasets tend to be biased to the classes having the majority of instances. Ranjit Panigrahi and Samarjeet Borah of Sikkim Manipal University propose a dual-stage intrusion detection framework that will remain stable even with such a high class imbalance dataset.
Astroniumxylon, Schinopsixylon, andParametopioxylonn. gen. fossil woods from upper Cenozoic of Argentina: taxonomic revision, new taxon and new records
Authors: Franco M. Jimena , Moya Eliana , Brea Mariana , Martínez Martínez Camila 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents new descriptions of Anacardiaceae fossil woods from the Ituzaingó Formation (late Cenozoic) at the Toma Vieja, Curtiembre, and Arroyo El Espinillo localities, Argentina. We describe eight silicified woods assigned to four different species in three genera, one of which,Parametopioxylon crystalliferumn. gen. n. sp., is new. Similarities between these three genera and the six Anacardiaceae species previously recorded from the late Cenozoic in northeastern Argentina are investigated using multivariate analysis techniques (correspondence and cluster analysis). Our study is based on 33 characters scored for 17 fossil specimens (10AstroniumxylonBrea, Aceñolaza, and Zucol 2001; fiveSchinopsixylonLutz, 1979; and twoParametopioxylonn. gen.) and four extant species (Astronium balansaeEngl.,Astronium urundeuvaEngl.,Schinopsis balansaeEngl., andMetopiumsp.). Our main goal is to determine the wood anatomical features useful for distinguishing among these species. Results of the multivariate analyses support the previous classification whereSchinopsixylonis distinguished fromAstroniumxylonby having exclusively paratracheal axial parenchyma, ≥30% multiseriate rays, and multiseriate rays that are ≥5 cells wide and commonly 301–400 μm in height. Additionally, we propose thatSchinopsixylon heckiiLutz, 1979 is synonymous withS.herbstiiLutz, 1979. A diagnostic key for the fossil species studied is given. Wood anatomy of Anacardiaceae fossil woods from Argentina (late Cenozoic) suggests a warm, dry to semi-humid climate for this region, supporting previous studies.
Dogs are reservoir hosts for possible transmission of human strongyloidiasis in Thailand: molecular identification and genetic diversity of causative parasite species
Authors: Sanpool O. , Intapan P.M. , Rodpai R. , Laoraksawong P. , Sadaow L. , Tourtip S. , Piratae S. , Maleewong W. , Thanchomnang T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Human strongyloidiasis is a deleterious gastrointestinal disease mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis infection. We aimed to study the possible transmission of S. stercoralis between humans and pet animals. We isolated Strongyloides from humans and domestic dogs in the same rural community in north-east Thailand and compared the nucleotide sequences of derived worms using portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes. Twenty-eight sequences from the 18S rRNA gene were obtained from worms derived from humans (n = 23) and dogs (n = 5), and were identical with S. stercoralis sequences (from Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar) published in the GenBank database. The 28 cox1 sequences from humans and dogs showed high similarity to each other. The available published cox1 sequences (n = 150), in combination with our 28 sequences, represented 68 haplotypes distributed among four clusters. The 28 samples from the present study represented eight haplotypes including four new haplotypes. Dogs and humans shared the same haplotypes, suggesting the possibility of zoonotic transmission from pet dogs to humans. This is of concern since dogs and humans live in close association with each other.
Spiophanes adriaticus, a new species from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: D'Alessandro Michela , Castriota Luca , Maggio Teresa , Nasi Federica , Carletti Marilyn , Auriemma Rocco , Romeo Teresa , Del Negro Paola 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMorphological and genetic investigations have led to the identification of Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the North Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean). A total of 81 specimens were recorded along the sublittoral zone between 8 and 27.5 m of depth. This species differs from other congeners by having: two pairs of black eyes, a cirriform occipital antenna, dorsal ciliated organs as thin bands usually extending to chaetigers 11–12, dorsal ciliated crests from chaetiger 14–17, undulate glandular opening on chaetigers 5–7, unhooded hooks from the 15th chaetiger and Y shaped tubes. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new species. Through DNA barcoding results and comparison of DNA sequences of the new species with those of other congeners available in the GenBank database, the validity of the new finding was confirmed. Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. represents the eighth species of Spiophanes recorded for the Mediterranean Sea. A key for the identification of Mediterranean Spiophanes species is also provided.
Neglectful maternal caregiving involves altered brain volume in empathy-related areas
Authors: Rodrigo María José , León Inmaculada , García-Pentón Lorna , Hernández-Cabrera Juan Andrés , Quiñones Ileana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe maternal brain undergoes adaptations to sensitive caregiving that are critical for infant well-being. We investigated structural alterations associated with neglectful caregiving and their effects on mother–child interactive behavior. High-resolution 3D volumetric images were obtained on 25 neglectful (NM) and 23 non-neglectful control (CM) mothers. Using voxel-based morphometry, we compared differences in gray and white matter (GM and WM, respectively) volume. Mothers completed an empathy scale and participated with their children in a play task (Emotional Availability Scale, EA). Neglectful mothers showed smaller GM volume in the right insula, anterior/middle cingulate (ACC/MCC), and right inferior frontal gyrus and less WM volume in bilateral frontal regions than did CM. A greater GM volume was observed in the right fusiform and cerebellum in NM than in CM. Regression analyses showed a negative effect of greater fusiform GM volume and a positive effect of greater right frontal WM volume on EA. Mediation analyses showed the role of emotional empathy in the positive effect of the insula and right inferior frontal gyrus and in the negative effect of the cerebellum on EA. Neglectful mothering involves alterations in emotional empathy-related areas and in frontal areas associated with poor mother–child interactive bonding, indicating how critical these areas are for sensitive caregiving.
The effect of milrinone on hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters in children
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Dorsey Vincent , Villarreal Enrique G. , Flores Saul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMilrinone is a drug frequently used for hemodynamic support in children during critical illness. Although the hemodynamic changes induced by milrinone in children may appear similar to those of adults, the physiologic contributors of these changes remain vastly unknown. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies characterising the hemodynamic effects of milrinone in children during critical illness for hemodynamic support for various medical conditions. Studies were assessed for quality and those of satisfactory quality with pre- and post-operative hemodynamics for each patient were included in the final analyses. Those not limited to children and those not limited to patients with critical illness were excluded from the final analyses. A total of six studies with 791 patients were included in the final analyses. Milrinone infusion doses ranged from 0.3 to 0.75 mcg/kg/minute with the mean infusion dose being 0.5 mcg/kg/minute. Patients whom received milrinone infusion had greater cardiac output, greater left ventricle shortening fraction, lower right ventricular systolic pressure, and lower serum lactate levels. Systolic blood pressure mean arterial blood pressure and arterial oxygen concentration did not significantly change with administration of milrinone. These results were irrespective of milrinone infusion dose, infusion duration, and study size. Milrinone was found to have several beneficial hemodynamic effects in children during critical illness when used at usual clinical doses.
Prenatal diagnosis of anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery branch by two-dimensional echocardiography: summary of 12 cases
Authors: Wenxiu Li , Yuan Zhang , Chaoning Huang , Bin Geng , Jiang Wu , Shuang Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives:To improve the prenatal diagnosis for anomalous origin of pulmonary artery branches by comparing and analyzing different types of fetal echocardiography features.Methods:Between June 2012 and December 2018, fetal echocardiographic features were analyzed retrospectively from fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of anomalous origin of pulmonary artery branch. The main points of identification were summarized.Results:A total of 12 fetuses were diagnosed, including anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery branch from the innominate artery and six cases with unilateral absence of pulmonary artery. The shared characteristic sonographic finding was the lack of confluence at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. The differences between the two conditions are highlighted by the origin of the anomalous vessel. In fetuses with anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery branch, the affected pulmonary artery arose from the posterior wall of the ascending aorta as noted on three vessels and trachea view as well as the long axis of the left ventricular outflow tract. This is in contrast to fetuses with unilateral absence of pulmonary artery, where the origin of affected pulmonary artery arises from the base of the innominate artery via the ipsilateral patent arterial duct as evident on the three vessels and trachea view and the coronal view of innominate (brachiocephalic) artery.Conclusion:(1) The main similarity is an absence of a confluence at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. (2) The main distinguishing feature is the origin of the anomalous vessel from either the subclavian or directly from the aorta.
You win some, you lose some: Comprehension and event-related potential evidence for L1 attrition
Authors: Miller David , Rothman Jason 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examine first language (L1) attrition among 30 L1 Spanish – L2 English speakers living in the United Kingdom. We also tested 30 recently-arrived Spaniards to the UK as a baseline. We present several key findings: 1) attrition fluctuates over time and does not affect all individuals equally; 2) entropy can explain said fluctuation of attritional affects over time such that while length of residence and age of arrival may affect the depth of attrition, how often one is exposed to her native language, how often she uses it and for how long each day, who her friends are, and to which types of input she is regularly exposed, seemingly aid in the maintenance or loss of linguistic knowledge; 3) though offline scalar interpretations among bilinguals were predicted by canonical sociolinguistic variables, the online data revealed an overall insensitivity to pragmatic violations. Thus, offline and online methods combine to be more explanatory regarding the comprehension and processing of implicature generating quantifiers.
Rapid Decay of Slowly Moving Typhoon Soulik (2018) due to Interactions With the Strongly Stratified Northern East China Sea
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyoung , Yeo Da‐Eun , Lee KyungJae , Lee Hojun , Lee Seung‐Woo , Noh Suyun , Kim Seongjung , Shin JiYun , Choi Yeon , Nam SungHyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTyphoon Soulik decayed rapidly via two‐way interaction with the northern East China Sea, the extratropical shelf region, before landing on the Korean Peninsula on 23 August 2018. In the northern East China Sea, where the water column is strongly stratified with warm surface and cold subsurface waters, a large cold wake emerged with intense sea surface cooling, which is primarily caused by vertical mixing in the water column. This abrupt sea surface cooling rapidly increased the downward enthalpy flux, mostly in the form of latent heat flux. The slow translation speed of Typhoon Soulik and strong thermal stratification in the region transferred its energy into the ocean, as the typhoon had a long residence time over the wake, and consequently led to rapid decay with energy loss to typhoon intensity ratio of −4.4 ± 1.0 hPa (kJ cm−2)−1.
A Statistical Study of Near‐Earth Magnetotail Evolution During Pseudosubstorms and Substorms With THEMIS Data
Authors: Fukui Kento , Miyashita Yukinaga , Machida Shinobu , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Ieda Akimasa , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPseudosubstorms (pseudobreakups) and substorms are similar phenomena. In terms of auroral morphology, however, the former are not accompanied by poleward expansion, while the latter are. To understand what causes this difference, we studied temporal and spatial development of the near‐Earth magnetotail at
to
around pseudosubstorm and substorm onsets, based on superposed epoch analysis of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) data. We find that the earthward flow begins to increase at
to
just before onset and dipolarization for both pseudosubstorms and substorms, possibly due to near‐Earth magnetic reconnection or the preceding relaxation of the thin current sheet in a tailward region, but the earthward flow is slower for pseudosubstorms than for substorms. Dipolarization, together with magnetic field fluctuation, is nearly the same at
for both cases, but it is weaker at other distances for pseudosubstorms than for substorms. This result suggests that the current disruption related to dipolarization does not expand tailward and hence auroral poleward expansion does not occur for pseudosubstorms. Furthermore, the total pressure is larger at
to
for several minutes before onset for substorms than for pseudosubstorms. The total pressure gradient increases more largely after onset for substorms than for pseudosubstorms. We suggest that these differences are important factors for determining whether ballooning instability causing current disruption grows in a wide area, that is, whether the initial action develops into a substorm or subsides as a pseudosubstorm.
Ancient Stratigraphy Preserving a Wet‐to‐Dry, Fluvio‐Lacustrine to Aeolian Transition Near Barth Crater, Arabia Terra, Mars
Authors: Day Mackenzie , Edgett Kenneth S. , Stumbaugh Dominique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAncient lacustrine and aeolian sediments have been separately identified in a variety of locations on Mars. In this work, we interpret the depositional history of Barth crater and its surrounding area in Arabia Terra where exposed geologic units preserve a record of lacustrine and aeolian interaction. Aeolian sandstone in the study area overlies lacustrine strata and is interbedded with easily eroded interdune deposits. The aeolian sandstone preserves dune strata with structures that indicate paleo‐sediment transport toward the northwest. The aeolian unit also preserves a transition up‐section from separated barchan dunes to continuous transverse dunes, capturing the development of the ancient dune field from sediment limited to sediment rich. Inverted fluvial channels provide evidence that water was delivered to the area at the same time the dune field was present, providing a simple mechanism, via wetting and cementation, for aeolian strata preservation. This example of wet‐system aeolian accumulation preserves an upward drying sequence in the sedimentary record that may have been coincident with the widely hypothesized global climate transition. The terrains described in this work provide a framework for interpreting similar aeolian units in elsewhere on Mars, even where cross‐strata cannot be easily resolved.
Targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer therapy: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials
Authors: Cheng Yuan , He Cai , Wang Manni , Ma Xuelei , Mo Fei , Yang Shengyong , Han Junhong , Wei Xiawei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpigenetic alternations concern heritable yet reversible changes in histone or DNA modifications that regulate gene activity beyond the underlying sequence. Epigenetic dysregulation is often linked to human disease, notably cancer. With the development of various drugs targeting epigenetic regulators, epigenetic-targeted therapy has been applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies and has exhibited viable therapeutic potential for solid tumors in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the aberrant functions of enzymes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and histone methylation during tumor progression and highlight the development of inhibitors of or drugs targeted at epigenetic enzymes.