bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of the effect of drinking water composition on the macro- and microelement composition of the blood of residents of the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Kashtanova E. V. , Shramko V. S. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Kashtanova S. A. , Ledovskikh S. R. , Zyulkova E. A. 
Published: February 2025

The unsatisfactory quality of drinking water has a significant impact on the health of the population, mainly living in rural settlements. Due to natural features, the quality of groundwater in the region is characterized by severe mineralization, hardness, alkalinity, increased iron, boron, manganese, sodium concentration and fluoride deficiency, which makes them unsuitable for drinking water supply without preliminary water treatment and may be risk factor for the pathology of the digestive and genitourinary systems. Aim of the study was to investigate changes in the macro- and microelement composition in the blood, as well as their associations with increased general hardness of drinking water and some therapeutic diseases in rural and urban residents of the Novosibirsk region. Material and methods. The study included 185 people, urban and rural residents of the Novosibirsk region, who underwent screening at the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS. Anamnestic and socio-demographic data were collected in all patients, and blood was taken for biochemical examination. Serum level of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and creatinine were determined. A physicochemical analysis of tap water was carried out in the places of residence of the subjects. Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of the chemical parameters of water revealed differences in the levels of calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper and total hardness. The blood level of calcium, iron and creatinine in were statistically significantly higher than in the control group; among the main group patients, chronic kidney disease (2.4 times, p = 0.006) and urolithiasis (1.6 times, p = 0.051) were more common. Conclusions. Regional differences in the mineral composition of tap water and blood parameters of residents of these settlements are described. The level of creatinine and micro- and macronutrients such as iron and calcium in the blood of rural residents is higher.
Assessment of the influence of production factors on the condition of the internal organs of model animals in a 180-day experiment
Authors: Savchenko O. A. , Novikova I. I. 
Published: February 2025

The assessment of the influence of occupational factors on the state of internal organs in model conditions is becoming increasingly relevant to establish the initial manifestations of pathology at the stage of examination of the connection between the disease and the occupation of workers in harmful production conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of occupational factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC, MPD) on the state of internal organs in Wistar rats under model conditions of a 180-day experiment, depending on the type and duration of their exposure. Materials and methods. In assessing the 180-day dynamics (from 0 days – 6 months (background) to 60–120–180 days – 8–10–12 months) of the impact of production factors on the morphological state of tissues and organs of Wistar rats, generally accepted and unified methods were used. Animals (n = 72) of both sexes were distributed in equal numbers (18 individuals each) into the comparison group (not exposed to production factors) and 3 experimental groups (exposure to vibration, noise, chemical exposure). Additionally, 10 individuals who were sacrificed on day 0 – 6 months (background) were allocated to the comparison group for background analysis. Every 60 days (in 180-day dynamics) after exposure to production factors, animals were euthanized with chloroform (3 ml of chloroform was injected into the desiccator with a syringe and the time from the moment of administration to the moment of onset of narcotic sleep was noted, the procedure was repeated with 5 and 10 ml of chloroform), and necropsied with organ extraction for histopathological studies. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and discussion. In a chronic experiment, initial pathomorphological signs of damage in 2 or more organs were established on the 60th day of exposure to production factors, and a large degree of organ tissue damage in rats was noted from the effects of chemical and physical factors (general vibration) on the 180th day of the experiment, unlike the comparison group. Conclusions. Based on the conducted experiment on the impact of production factors (at the level of 1.5 maximum permissible concentration and maximum permissible level) on the state of the internal organs of experimental animals, it can be concluded that they develop morphofunctional disorders in 2 or more organs (biomarker of accelerated aging) on the 180th day of the experiment (with initial manifestations on the 60th and 120th days), which can provoke accelerated aging of the biological systems of animals and humans, and negatively affect their life expectancy.
A model for predicting the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in patients with second-stage hypertension, depending on gender
Authors: Poselyugina O. B. , Korichkina L. N. , Ineshina K. S. 
Published: February 2025

Hypertension is a chronic progressive disease, in the absence of correction of which, target organs are involved in the pathological process, with the disease worsening and the life expectancy deterioration. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops in about 30 % of patients with hypertension, causing the development of cardiovascular complications, including death. The prognostically unfavorable combinations of risk factors in men and women, which will inevitably lead to the development of CKD, have not been fully studied. Aim of the study was to build a model for predicting the risk of developing CKD in patients with stage II GB, depending on gender. Material and methods. 100 patients aged 60.5 [20.0] years (median [interquartile region]) with a diagnosis of stage II hypertension were examined. The main group included 50 patients with CKD (men – 21, women – 29, age 64.0 [19.1] years), the comparison group included 50 patients without CKD (men – 25, women – 25, age 58.5 [22.1]). The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined in all of them, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured, the salt sensitivity taste threshold, uric acid and blood creatinine content were estimated, the glomerular filtration rate was calculated, аn echocardiographic study was performed, and the severity of depression using the Beck scale was assessed. Results and discussion. It turned out that in men with stage II hypertension, the risk of developing CKD is more determined by such combinations of risk factors as the threshold of taste sensitivity to table salt, blood uric acid content, and depression severity according to the Beck scale, in women it was metabolic syndrome presence, depression severity, systolic arterial pressure at admission. Conclusions. Models for predicting the risk of developing CKD in patients with stage II GB differ by gender, are easy to use, will allow the practitioner to accurately determine the probability of kidney damage in men and women with hypertension, optimize therapy considering the identified predictors and slow down the progression of hypertension stage of GB and related complications.
Clinical case of Gorham – Stoat syndrome
Authors: Shnyakin P. G. , Khorzhevsky V. A. , Krasnitsky I. I. , Trubkin A. V. , Gavrilova A. O. 
Published: February 2025

Disappearing bone disease, or Gorham – Stoat syndrome, is a disease of massive osteolysis associated with the proliferation of hemangiotic tissue leading to bone resorption. Material and methods. The article presents a rare clinical case of Gorham – Stoat syndrome in a 19-year-old patient. The disease manifested at the age of 16 with a lesion of the thoracic vertebrae. Results. Against the background of the appearance of neurological disorders due to compression of the spinal cord and the development of myelopathy, the patient initially required surgical treatment on the spine. The diagnosis of massive osteolysis is based on anamnesis, X-ray data and histological conclusion. Subsequently, multiple lesions of the ribs, pelvic bones and skull were added. Quite rare in this case is a multi-focal lesion of the skull bones with compression of brain structures. Conclusions. In differential diagnosis against the background of multifocal resorption of skeletal and cranial bones, it is important to remember about etiological causes that are rarer than hematological and metastatic lesions, including idiopathic osteolysis.
Evaluating the Performance of Artificial Intelligence for Improving Readability of Online English- and Spanish-Language Orthopaedic Patient Educational Material
Authors: Reaver Carrie N. , Pereira Daniel E. , Carrillo Elisa V. , Marcos Carolena Rojas , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The readability of most online patient educational materials (OPEMs) in orthopaedic surgery is above the American Medical Association/National Institutes of Health recommended reading level of sixth grade for both English- and Spanish-language content. The current project evaluates ChatGPT’s performance across English- and Spanish-language orthopaedic OPEMs when prompted to rewrite the material at a sixth-grade reading level.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study evaluating the readability of 57 English- and 56 Spanish-language publicly available OPEMs found by querying online in both English and Spanish for 6 common orthopaedic procedures. Five distinct, validated readability tests were used to score the OPEMs before and after ChatGPT 4.0 was prompted to rewrite the OPEMs at a sixth-grade reading level. We compared the averages of each readability test, the cumulative average reading grade level, average total word count, average number of complex words (defined as ≥3 syllables), and average number of long sentences (defined as >22 words) between original content and ChatGPT-rewritten content for both languages using paired t tests.

Results:
The cumulative average reading grade level of original English- and Spanish-language OPEMs was 9.6 ± 2.6 and 9.5 ± 1.5, respectively. ChatGPT significantly lowered the reading grade level (improved comprehension) to 7.7 ± 1.9 (95% CI of difference, 1.68 to 2.15; p < 0.05) for English-language content and 8.3 ± 1.3 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.45; p < 0.05) for Spanish-language content. English-language OPEMs saw a reduction of 2.0 ± 1.8 grade levels, whereas Spanish-language OPEMs saw a reduction of 1.5 ± 1.2 grade levels. Word count, use of complex words, and long sentences were also reduced significantly in both languages while still maintaining high accuracy and similarity compared with original content.

Conclusions:
Our study supports the potential of artificial intelligence as a low-cost, accessible tool to assist health professionals in improving the readability of orthopaedic OPEMs in both English and Spanish.

Clinical Relevance:
TK.
Three-Phase Flowback Rate Transient Analysis of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Yang Chia-Hsin , Zhang Fengyuan , Emami-Meybodi Hamid 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We present a three-phase flowback rate transient analysis (RTA) of multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) in shale gas reservoirs, considering condensate dropout when the hydraulic fracture (HF) pressure drops below the dewpoint. A semi-analytical three-phase flowback model has been developed to account for the multiphase flow in the HF and two-phase water and gas flow in the matrix to analyze flowback data. Three HF flow regimes are considered—two-phase water and gas infinite-acting linear flow (IALF), two-phase water and gas boundary-dominated flow (BDF), and three-phase water, gas, and oil BDF occurring when HF pressure falls below the dewpoint. In addition, IALF is considered in the matrix domain. Pressure diffusivity equations for water, gas, and oil-phase flows are derived using the material balance approach to obtain the average HF pressure by modifying the matrix distance of investigation (DOI). New pseudo-variables for pressure and time are defined to linearize the governing equations, constructing diagnostic plots for flow regime identification and specialty plots for HF properties characterization. Diagnostic plots for each phase use the proposed semi-analytical solution. In the early flowback period, the water- and gas-phase diagnostic plots show a half-slope straight line, indicating the IALF regime, followed by a unit slope line for the BDF regime. A unit slope line represents BDF once the HF pressure reaches the dewpoint for the oil-phase diagnostic plot. Numerical simulations validate the developed flowback RTA model, showing that estimated HF permeability and half-length from the three-phase flow model closely match the set values in the numerical model with relative errors under 10%, confirming the model’s accuracy. The developed model’s applicability is examined by analyzing flowback data from an MFHW in Marcellus shale, demonstrating its utility in understanding the early stages of HF dynamics and attributes.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Grimontia hollisae Thermostable Direct Hemolysin with DNA Reveals First Vibrio Hemolysin with Nuclease Activity
Authors: Chang Chin-Yuan , Hsiao Po-Yun , Wang Yu-Kuo , Huang Sheng-Cih , Chou Feng-Pai , Huang Tzu-Yu , Lin Yen-Cheng , Kuo You-Min , Wu Tung-Kung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Grimontia hollisae thermostable direct hemolysin (Gh-TDH) is a pore-forming toxin that disrupts cell membrane, causing erythrocyte lysis and exhibiting cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, enterotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and lethality in mice. Recombinant Gh-TDH-FITC binds to hepatocyte membranes and translocates to the nucleus. This study reveals that Gh-TDH cleaves DNA with 3'–5' nuclease activity to generate a 3-mer fragment, while cleaving RNA with ~ 70% lower efficiency. The co-crystal structure of Gh-TDH bound to ssDNA unveils a unique DNA-binding configuration, where eight ssDNA strands form four duplexes, each connected to a Gh-TDH tetramer at one end and to protomers from four different tetramers at the other. Notably, the cleavage site (Tyr87-Lys88-Asp89) deviates from the canonical 3'–5' exonuclease motif (Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp). Mutagenesis identified Lys88 as a general base essential for nuclease activity. This study provides structural and functional insights of Gh-TDH on DNA-binding and cleavage mechanism. In summary, Gh-TDH is the first pore-forming toxin identified in the Vibrio genus with dual functions of hemolytic and nuclease activities.
Astrocytic Ensemble at vHip-NAc synapses Modulates Cognitive Impairments Induced by Chronic THC Exposure
Authors: Navarrete Marta , Martin-Monteagudo Cristina , Puente Nagore , Grandes Pedro , Marsicano Giovanni , Covelo Ana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug, particularly during adolescence, and its consumption disrupts glutamate homeostasis and synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). While astrocytic cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are known to modulate synaptic plasticity and behavior, the extent to which specific astrocytic ensembles drive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced alterations remains unclear. Here, we identify a functionally distinct accumbal astrocytic ensemble, related to ventral hippocampus-NAc (vHip->NAc) circuit, that is critical for THC-induced synaptic and behavioral impairments. Using fiber photometry, we monitored astrocytic calcium and glutamate dynamics within the NAc of wild-type and p38αMAPK−/− (Astrop38α) mice following chronic THC exposure, complemented by electrophysiological and behavioral assessments. Additionally, we employed AstroLight tool to selectively manipulate this astrocytic ensemble. Our findings reveal that: (1) THC increases astrocytic calcium activity and glutamatergic tone within the NAc; (2) the THC-induced glutamatergic alterations are absent in Astrop38α mice, implicating p38αMAPK signaling in astrocyte-mediated plasticity; (3) astrocytic glutamate release within the vHip->NAc ensemble is required for THC-induced cognitive deficits; and (4) targeted attenuation of THC-induced calcium activity in this ensemble prevents both spatial learning and synaptic plasticity impairments. These results highlight a critical role for astrocytic ensembles in shaping behavior and emphasize their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating the cognitive consequences of THC exposure.
Promoting Neuroscience Research and Education in Limited-resource Settings: Neuroscience-in-view at the University of Rwanda.
Authors: Archibong Victor , Samson Olorunnado , Akeem Okesina , Abdullahi Mohammed , Akaninyene Ime , Micheal Ibe Usman , Gashegu Julien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction: In Rwanda, the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy is 76.2 per 1,000 people, making it the leading cause of consultations, accounting for 52% of neurological cases. With a treatment gap of 92.2% and a shortage of neurologists, there is an urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to address the neurological disease burden in Rwanda, leveraging the benefits of experimental and clinical neuroscience research and education. However, interest in experimental neuroscience is low among students and faculty due to lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, and few career pathways. This study aims to raise awareness of neuroscience research and education among postgraduate and undergraduate students at the University of Rwanda.
Methodology:Twenty-five participants were split into five groups (n=5) and underwent a one-day hands-on training on neurobehavior, neurohistology, drug administration, euthanasia, dissection, transcardiac brain perfusion, brain harvesting, and fixation. Five male guinea pigs were sourced with permission from National Industrial Research and Development Agency (NIRDA) for the workshop, and all participants consented to the study. Data were collected through a Google feedback form, stored in Microsoft Excel Version 21, and analyzed descriptively.
Results: Participants consisted of males (80%) and females (20%). 84% were satisfied with the workshop, 64% acquired animal handling skills, 56% expressed increased interest in neuroscience, and 48% recognized the importance of routine hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Conclusion: The hands-on training stimulated the interest of the participants in experimental neuroscience research. Additionally, the drug administration and dissection will benefit students in their clinical studies.
The change in weather types in two population centers in northwestern Iran (Urmia and Tabriz) around Lake Urmia with the Woś classification approach
Authors: Heydari Hasan , Movaghari Alireza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
In order to recognize the effect of the drying up of Lake Urmia on the climate, using the Woś classification method, the types of weather of the two cities of Tabriz and Urmia, were determined during 1980–2018. Then, eight weather types in the range of hot weather types without rain to cool and very cold weather types with low cloudiness and no precipitation showed an occurrence frequency of more than 61%. The highest number of weather types with 45 types in the cold season and 26 types in the hot season was determined in Tabriz and Urmia, respectively. Then, modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) and Sen's slope estimator tests were used to determine the changing trend of the weather types. Investigations showed that, the hot weather type without precipitation and the slightly cool weather type without precipitation and of course without clouds had an increasing trend respectively, and the cold types also showed a decreasing trend in favor of cool types. The intensity of these changes is much greater in Tabriz. In addition, using the Mann–Kendall test, it was also determined that the increasing trend of hot weather in Tabriz started in 2000 at the same time as the lake began to dry up.
Comparing traditional hydrological forecasting models with CatBoost algorithm: insights from CMIP6 climate scenarios
Authors: Şebcioğlu Mutlu Şeydanur , Pala Abdulhadi , Guven Aytaç 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Hydrological prediction is crucial for managing water resources, and innovations like machine learning (ML) present an opportunity to enhance predictive modeling capabilities. The aim of this study is to compare the usage of ML algorithms, such as CatBoost, with traditional techniques such as ridge regression, support vector machines (SVMs), and gene expression programming (GEP) in climate projection. In order to assess the accuracy of the best models, statistical measures such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) were used. The investigation found that CatBoost was superior to conventional models in the testing period, with RMSE 3.78 m3/s, MAE 2.613 m3/s, Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) 0.650, root mean square error to standard deviation ratio (RSR) 0.611 and NSE 0.626. After it was proven that the best-performing model is CatBoost, future projections according to the NorESM2-MM scenarios were calculated using this model. Climate projections are based on simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 model, utilizing shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. The results show that SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios indicate an increasing trend between 2015 and 2100, while SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 expect a balancing tendency. This suggests that climate change has little effect on the measuring station and its basin and that the flow is increasing positively.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Health Care Utilization Among Children with Medical Complexity: Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Asan Onur , Super Ilse , Percy Stephen , Clouser Katharine N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the trends, patterns, and potential health disparities in health care utilization among children with medical complexity, before and during COVID pandemic through a retrospective chart review. Our findings show significant differences in the average number of visits per patient over the years and support the adoption of telehealth consultations, while highlighting concerns about demographic disparities.