bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance and spatial distribution of brown crab (Cancer pagurus) from fishery-independent dredge and trawl surveys in the North Sea
Authors: Mesquita Carlos , Dobby Helen , Pierce Graham J , Jones Catherine S , Fernandes Paul G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Brown crab (Cancer pagurus) is a widely distributed crustacean that occurs around the British coastline supporting important commercial ﬁsheries. The habitat preferences of brown crab around Scotland are poorly documented and for the purposes of stock assessment, the species is considered data-poor. Based on an analysis of dredge and trawl surveys taking place in the North Sea (2008–2018), we describe the spatial distribution of brown crab and for the first time, develop abundance and recruitment indices for the species. We make use of geostatistical methods and apply generalized additive models to model catch rates in relation to a number of explanatory variables (depth, distance to the coast, sediment type and year). The dredge and trawl abundance indices were correlated showing a similar trend of increasing catch rates in the early years of the time series up to 2016 and a subsequent reduction. The recruitment index showed a gradual increase in captured juvenile crabs up to 2014 followed by a steep decrease with 2018 being the lowest value estimated. The derivation of robust indicators of stock abundance will contribute to the stock assessment of this species and enable the provision of improved fisheries management advice for brown crab around Scotland.
On the Lower Bound of the Number of Abelian Varieties Over 𝔽p
Authors: Lee Jungin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the number $B(p,g)$ of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties over a prime field $\mathbb{F}_p$ of dimension $g$ has a lower bound $p^{\frac{1}{2}g^2(1+o(1))}$ as $g \rightarrow \infty$. This is the 1st nontrivial result on the lower bound of $B(p,g)$. We also improve the upper bound $2^{34g^2}p^{\frac{69}{4} g^2 (1+o(1))}$ of $B(p,g)$ given by Lipnowski and Tsimerman [ 7] to $p^{\frac{45}{4} g^2(1+o(1))}$.
Immunogenicity of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine: Persistence and Anamnestic Response to Additional Doses Administered 10 Years After Primary Vaccination
Authors: Hastie Andrew , Catteau Grégory , Enemuo Adaora , Mrkvan Tomas , Salaun Bruno , Volpe Stephanie , Smetana Jan , Rombo Lars , Schwarz Tino , Pauksens Karlis , Hervé Caroline , Bastidas Adriana , Schuind Anne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is highly immunogenic and efficacious in adults ≥50 years of age. We evaluated (1) long-term immunogenicity of an initial 2-dose RZV schedule, by following up adults vaccinated at ≥60 years of age and by modeling, and (2) immunogenicity of 2 additional doses administered 10 years after initial vaccination.

Methods
Persistence of humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to 2 initial RZV doses was assessed through 10 years after initial vaccination, and modeled through 20 years using a Piecewise, Power law and Fraser model. The immunogenicity and safety of 2 additional RZV doses were also evaluated.

Results
Seventy adults were enrolled. Ten years after initial vaccination, humoral and CMI responses were approximately 6-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively, above those before the initial vaccination levels. Predicted immune persistence through 20 years after initial vaccination was similar across the 3 models. Sixty-two participants (mean age [standard deviation], 82.6 [4.4] years) received ≥1 additional RZV dose. Strong anamnestic humoral and CMI responses were elicited by 1 additional dose, without further increases after a second additional dose.

Conclusions
Immune responses to an initial 2-dose RZV course persisted for many years in older adults. Strong anamnestic immune responses can be induced by additional dosing 10 years after the initial 2-dose course.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02735915.
Intermediate Skin Substitutes Are Unnecessary in Small (&lt;10% TBSA) Burns
Authors: Lacey Alexandra Michelle , Maniago Ellen , Gillenwater Timothy Justin , Yenikomshian Haig , Garner Warren Louis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The use of intermediate skin substitutes between debridement and final autografting is routine for many practitioners. Materials such as xenografts and allografts have been promoted to help with wound coverage before autografting. However, there is limited data for their use in relatively small burn wounds (&lt;10% TBSA). In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent autografting for burns &lt;10% TBSA at our American Burn Association-verified burn unit in the absence of intermediate skin substitute use. We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients who underwent split thickness skin graft autografting for burns &lt;10% TBSA between November 2017 and June 2019. No patients were treated with intermediate skin substitutes. Analysis included basic demographics, comorbidities, TBSA burned, mechanism of burn, time to grafting, if grafting was performed in a single procedure or staged, graft loss (&gt;50% graft failure), and time to complete healing (no further wound care required). Twelve patients (12%) had unpredictable graft beds, and their procedure was staged. These patients underwent surgical debridement and were dressed in antimicrobial dressing for an average of 5 days before autografting. No patients had intermediate skin substitutes between procedures. Eighty-eight patients (88%) were debrided and grafted in a single stage. In the staged group, there was a 0% rate of graft failure compared with 9.1% rate of graft failure in the primarily grafted group (P = .004). There was a similar length of stay and time to complete healing in the staged group and primarily grafted group (P = .496 and P = .571). There was a significantly shorter time from injury to first procedure between the staged group and the primarily grafted group (8.7 days and 13.5 days, P = .014). In the eight instances of graft failure, infection or inadequate debridement was the cause. Seven of these eight cases required further surgical intervention. Intermediate skin substitutes are an unnecessary step in grafting small burns. These add only complexity and cost to patient care. Many patients can be debrided and grafted in a single stage. Debridement alone with delayed grafting is a highly effective surgical method when the wound bed is not suitable for immediate grafting. The use of intermediate skin substitutes in small burns requires further investigation as this study finds low benefit for this product.
Re-collecting Cypriot antiquity: the Kent collection in Harrogate
Authors: Reeve Anna , Waite Sally 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Formed by the Kent family – farmers and landowners from the north of England – the little-known Kent collection brought together antiquities from Greece, Rome, Egypt and Cyprus, alongside weapons, armour, furniture and textiles. On the death of Benjamin Kent in 1968, most of the collection was bequeathed to the Harrogate Corporation, sparking debate on the value of such heterogeneous collections for general public audiences. This article investigates the collection’s history, examining the practices that formed it, the quasi-museum setting of the Kent family home, and the collection’s display following its transfer to municipal ownership. We focus on the ancient Cypriot objects, some of which can be traced to Thomas Backhouse Sandwith, British vice-consul on Cyprus from 1865 to 1870 and an important figure in the early collecting of Cypriot antiquities in the UK. Through this exploration, we consider how histories of collections, especially smaller-scale collections of private individuals, can re-contextualize objects and enrich their interpretation.
The Effect of Metformin vs Placebo on Sex Hormones in Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.32
Authors: Pimentel Isabel , Chen Bingshu E , Lohmann Ana Elisa , Ennis Marguerite , Ligibel Jennifer , Shepherd Lois , Hershman Dawn L , Whelan Timothy , Stambolic Vuk , Mayer Ingrid , Hobday Timothy , Lemieux Julie , Thompson Alastair , Rastogi Priya , Gelmon Karen , Rea Daniel , Rabaglio Manuela , Ellard Susan , Mates Mihaela , Bedard Philippe , Pitre Lacey , Vandenberg Theodore , Dowling Ryan J O , Parulekar Wendy , Goodwin Pamela J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Metformin has been associated with lower breast cancer (BC) risk and improved outcomes in observational studies. Multiple biologic mechanisms have been proposed, including a recent report of altered sex hormones. We evaluated the effect of metformin on sex hormones in MA.32, a phase III trial of nondiabetic BC subjects who were randomly assigned to metformin or placebo.

Methods
We studied the subgroup of postmenopausal hormone receptor-negative BC subjects not receiving endocrine treatment who provided fasting blood at baseline and at 6 months after being randomly assigned. Sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and estradiol levels were assayed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Change from baseline to 6 months between study arms was compared using Wilcoxon sum rank tests and regression models.

Results
312 women were eligible (141 metformin vs 171 placebo); the majority of subjects in each arm had T1/2, N0, HER2-negative BC and had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean age was 58.1 (SD=6.9) vs 57.5 (SD=7.9) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 (SD=5.5) vs 28.9 (SD=6.4) kg/m2 for metformin vs placebo, respectively. Median estradiol decreased between baseline and 6 months on metformin vs placebo (−5.7 vs 0 pmol/L; P &lt; .001) in univariable analysis and after controlling for baseline BMI and BMI change (P &lt; .001). There was no change in sex hormone-binding globulin or bioavailable testosterone.

Conclusion
Metformin lowered estradiol levels, independent of BMI. This observation suggests a new metformin effect that has potential relevance to estrogen sensitive cancers.
Brain Iron Accumulation and the Formation of Calcifications After Developmental Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Snyder-Keller Abigail , Bolivar Valerie J , Zink Steven , Kramer Laura D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Intracranial calcifications (ICC) are the most common neuropathological finding in the brains of children exposed in utero to the Zika virus (ZIKV). Using a mouse model of developmental ZIKV infection, we reported widespread calcifications in the brains of susceptible mice that correlated in multiple ways with the behavioral deficits observed. Here, we examined the time course of ICC development and the role of iron deposition in this process, in 3 genetically distinct inbred strains of mice. Brain iron deposits were evident by Perls’ staining at 2 weeks post infection, becoming increasingly dense and coinciding with calcium buildup and the formation of ICCs. A regional analysis of the brains of susceptible mice (C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ strains) revealed the presence of iron initially in regions containing many ZIKV-immunoreactive cells, but then spreading to regions containing few infected cells, most notably the thalamus and the fasciculus retroflexus. Microglial activation was widespread initially and later delineated the sites of ICC formation. Behavioral tests conducted at 5–6 weeks of age revealed greater deficits in mice with the most extensive iron deposition and calcification of subcortical regions, such as thalamus. These findings point to iron deposition as a key factor in the development of ICCs after developmental ZIKV infection.
Is Next-Generation Sequencing Alone Sufficient to Reliably Diagnose Gliomas?
Authors: Kam Kwok Ling , Appin Christina L , Mao Qinwen , Ikegami Sachie , Lukas Rimas V , Nikiforova Marina N , Roy Somak , Brat Daniel J , Horbinski Craig 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The power and widespread use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in surgical neuropathology has raised questions as to whether NGS might someday fully supplant histologic-based examination. We therefore sought to determine the feasibility of relying on NGS alone for diagnosing infiltrating gliomas. A total of 171 brain lesions in adults, all of which had been analyzed by GlioSeq NGS, comprised the study cohort. Each case was separately diagnosed by 6 reviewers, based solely on age, sex, tumor location, and NGS results. Results were compared with the final integrated diagnoses and scored on the following scale: 0 = either wrong tumor type or correct tumor type but off by 2+ grades; 1 = off by 1 grade; 2 = exactly correct. Histology alone was treated as a seventh reviewer. Overall reviewer accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 94.2%, while histology alone scored 87.1%. For glioblastomas, NGS was more accurate than histology alone (93.8%–97.9% vs 87.5%). The NGS accuracy for grade II and III astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma was only 54.3%–84.8% and 34.4%–87.5%, respectively. Most uncommon gliomas, including BRAF-driven tumors, could not be accurately classified just by NGS. These data indicate that, even in this era of advanced molecular diagnostics, histologic evaluation is still an essential part of optimal patient care.
Teenage Tachypnea
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This case involves a young woman sent from a psychiatric hospital to the emergency department for assessment. Her chief complaint is intermittent shortness of breath. According to the psychiatrist’s note, she has experienced frequent episodes of uncontrollable hyperventilation, associated with carpopedal spasm and loss of consciousness in the past. There is concern she may have a chest infection. A chest X-ray appears to exclude a chest infection as an explanation of her symptoms, and arrangements are made to transfer her back to the psychiatric facility with a diagnosis of exacerbation of anxiety state. Unexpectedly, there is a sudden deterioration in the patient’s condition, which proves fatal.
The English Patient
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This case discusses a stoical Englishman who presents to the emergency department of a community hospital in the early hours of the morning with a complaint of headache. The emergency physician makes a diagnosis of migraine and decides to keep the patient overnight to ensure he settles okay. He plans on discharging the patient when he is awake. In the morning, the patient is assessed by a second emergency physician, who discovers a different diagnosis. The case highlights several major biases that may have been compounded by sleep deprivation and fatigue. The concept of manifestness of disease is introduced together with a general discussion of how this feature may impact the recognition of a particular diagnosis.
A Rash Diagnosis
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This case presents a 16-year-old female with complaints of headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting who is brought to the emergency department by her parents. The emergency physician is struck by a petechial rash on the patient’s face, which triggers a vivid memory of a similar rash in a patient with meningococcemia that proved fatal. A lumbar puncture is quickly done, and antibiotics are initiated. The patient is subsequently transferred to another physician, who finds an alternate explanation for the patient’s symptoms and refers her to surgery.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): assimilation of KiDS into the GAMA database
Authors: Bellstedt Sabine , Driver Simon P , Robotham Aaron S G , Davies Luke J M , Bogue Kamran R J , Cook Robin H W , Hashemizadeh Abdolhosein , Koushan Soheil , Taylor Edward N , Thorne Jessica E , Turner Ryan J , Wright Angus H 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The Galaxy And Mass Assembly Survey (GAMA) covers five fields with highly complete spectroscopic coverage (&gt;95 per cent) to intermediate depths (r &lt; 19.8 or i &lt; 19.0 mag), and collectively spans 250 deg2 of equatorial or southern sky. Four of the GAMA fields (G09, G12, G15, and G23) reside in the European Southern Observatory (ESO) VST KiDS and ESO VISTA VIKING survey footprints, which combined with our GALEX, WISE, and Herschel data provide deep uniform imaging in the $FUV/NUV/u/g/r/i/Z/Y/J/H/K_s/W1/W2/W3/W4/P100/P160/S250/S350/S500$ bands. Following the release of KiDS DR4, we describe the process by which we ingest the KiDS data into GAMA (replacing the SDSS data previously used for G09, G12, and G15), and redefine our core optical and near-infrared (NIR) catalogues to provide a complete and homogeneous data set. The source extraction and analysis is based on the new ProFound image analysis package, providing matched-segment photometry across all bands. The data are classified into stars, galaxies, artefacts, and ambiguous objects, and objects are linked to the GAMA spectroscopic target catalogue. Additionally, a new technique is employed utilizing ProFound to extract photometry in the unresolved MIR–FIR regime. The catalogues including the full FUV–FIR photometry are described and will be fully available as part of GAMA DR4. They are intended for both standalone science, selection for targeted follow-up with 4MOST, as well as an accompaniment to the upcoming and ongoing radio arrays now studying the GAMA 23h field.
Passive spirals and shock influenced star formation in the merging cluster A3376
Authors: Kelkar Kshitija , Dwarakanath K S , Poggianti Bianca M , Moretti Alessia , Monteiro-Oliveira Rogério , Machado Rubens E G , Lima-Neto Gastão B , Fritz Jacopo , Vulcani Benedetta , Gullieuszik Marco , Bettoni Daniela 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of star formation properties of galaxies in a nearby (z ∼ 0.046) young (∼0.6 Gyr) post-merger cluster system A3376, with a moderate merger shock front (vs ∼1630 km s−1; $\mathcal {M}$ ∼ 2) observed as symmetric radio relics. Exploiting the spectroscopic data from the wide-field OmegaWINGS survey and the associated photometric information, our investigations reveal the plausible effects of the dynamic post-merger environment differing from the high-density cluster environment experienced prior to the merging activity. The remnants of the pre-merger relaxed cluster environment are realized through the existence of passive spiral galaxies located in the central regions of the cluster between the two brightest cluster galaxies. We discover A3376 to contain a population of massive (log (M*/M⊙) &gt; 10) blue regular star-forming spirals in regions of maximum merger shock influence but exhibiting star formation rates similar to those in relaxed clusters at similar epoch. We further discover low-mass (log (M*/M⊙) ≤ 10) late-type blue post-starburst galaxies which could either be formed as a result of rapid quenching of low-mass spirals following the shock-induced star formation or due to the intense surge in the intracluster medium pressures at the beginning of the merger. With the possibility of the merger shock affecting high- and low-mass spirals differently, our results bridge the seemingly contradictory results observed in known merging cluster systems so far and establish that different environmental effects are at play right from pre- to post-merger stages.
TESS photometry of helium-rich hot subdwarfs: r modes in BD+37°442 and BD+37°1977
Authors: Jeffery C Simon 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry of the extremely helium-rich hot subdwarfs BD+37°442 and BD+37°1977 demonstrates multiperiodic low-amplitude variability with principal periods of 0.56 and 1.14 d, respectively, and with both first and second harmonics present. The light curves are not perfectly regular, implying additional periodic and/or non-periodic content. Possible causes are examined, including the binary hypothesis originally introduced to explain X-ray observations, differentially rotating surface inhomogeneities, and pulsations. If the principal photometric periods correspond to the rotation periods, the stars are rotating at approximately 0.7 and 0.3 × break-up, respectively. Surface Rossby waves (r modes) therefore provide the most likely solution.
AP-endonuclease 1 sculpts DNA through an anchoring tyrosine residue on the DNA intercalating loop
Authors: Hoitsma Nicole M , Whitaker Amy M , Beckwitt Emily C , Jang Sunbok , Agarwal Pratul K , Van Houten Bennett , Freudenthal Bret D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) maintains genomic stability through the repair of DNA damage. Within BER, AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme that processes DNA intermediates through its backbone cleavage activity. To accomplish these repair activities, APE1 must recognize and accommodate several diverse DNA substrates. This is hypothesized to occur through a DNA sculpting mechanism where structural adjustments of the DNA substrate are imposed by the protein; however, how APE1 uniquely sculpts each substrate within a single rigid active site remains unclear. Here, we utilize structural and biochemical approaches to probe the DNA sculpting mechanism of APE1, specifically by characterizing a protein loop that intercalates the minor groove of the DNA (termed the intercalating loop). Pre-steady-state kinetics reveal a tyrosine residue within the intercalating loop (Y269) that is critical for AP-endonuclease activity. Using X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined the Y269 residue acts to anchor the intercalating loop on abasic DNA. Atomic force microscopy reveals the Y269 residue is required for proper DNA bending by APE1, providing evidence for the importance of this mechanism. We conclude that this previously unappreciated tyrosine residue is key to anchoring the intercalating loop and stabilizing the DNA in the APE1 active site.