bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superposition of gravity waves with different propagation characteristics observed by airborne and space-borne infrared sounders
Authors: Krisch Isabell , Ern Manfred , Hoffmann Lars , Preusse Peter , Strube Cornelia , Ungermann Jörn , Woiwode Wolfgang , Riese Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Many gravity wave analyses, based on either observations or model simulations, assume the presence of only a single dominant wave. This paper shows that there are much more complex cases with gravity waves from multiple sources crossing each others' paths.
A complex gravity wave structure consisting of a superposition of multiple wave packets was observed above southern Scandinavia on 28 January 2016 with the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA). The tomographic measurement capability of GLORIA enabled a detailed 3-D reconstruction of the gravity wave field and the identification of multiple wave packets with different horizontal and vertical scales. The larger-scale gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths of around 400 km could be characterised using a 3-D wave-decomposition method. The smaller-scale wave components with horizontal wavelengths below 200 km were discussed by visual inspection.
For the larger-scale gravity wave components, a combination of gravity-wave ray-tracing calculations and ERA5 reanalysis fields identified orography as well as a jet-exit region and a low-pressure system as possible sources. All gravity waves are found to propagate upward into the middle stratosphere, but only the orographic waves stay directly above their source. The comparison with ERA5 also shows that ray tracing provides reasonable results even for such complex cases with multiple overlapping wave packets. Despite their coarser vertical resolution compared to GLORIA measurements, co-located AIRS measurements in the middle stratosphere are in good agreement with the ray tracing and ERA5 results, proving once more the validity of simple ray-tracing models. Thus, this paper demonstrates that the high-resolution GLORIA observations in combination with simple ray-tracing calculations can provide an important source of information for enhancing our understanding of gravity wave propagation.
Improved chloride quantification in quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitors (Q-ACSMs)
Authors: Tobler Anna K. , Skiba Alicja , Wang Dongyu S. , Croteau Philip , Styszko Katarzyna , Nęcki Jarosław , Baltensperger Urs , Slowik Jay G. , Prévôt André S. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Particulate chloride is an important component of fine
particulate matter in marine air masses. Recent field studies also report
elevated concentrations of gas-phase reactive chlorine species and
particulate chloride related to anthropogenic activities. This work focuses
on particulate chloride detection and quantification issues observed for
some quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitors (Q-ACSMs) which are
designed for the long-term measurement of ambient aerosol composition. The ACSM
reports particle concentrations based on the difference between measurements
of ambient air (sample mode) and particle-free ambient air (filter mode).
For our long-term campaign in Krakow, Poland, the Q-ACSM reports apparent
negative total chloride concentration for most of the campaign when analyzed
with the default fragmentation table. This is the result of the difference
signal from m∕z 35 (35Cl+) being negative, which dominates over the
positive difference signal from m∕z 36 (H35Cl+). Highly time-resolved
experiments with NH4Cl, NaCl and KCl particles show that the signal
response of m∕z 35 is non-ideal when the signal builds up and decreases
slowly for all three salts, leading to a negative difference measurement. In
contrast, the m∕z 36 signal exhibits a near step-change response for NH4Cl
during the sampling and filter period, resulting in a positive difference
signal. The response of m∕z 36 for NaCl and KCl is not as prompt as for
NH4Cl but still fast enough to have a positive difference signal.
Furthermore, it is shown that this behavior is mostly
independent of vaporizer temperature. Based on these observations, this work presents an
approach to correct the chloride concentration time series by adapting the
standard fragmentation table coupled with a calibration of NH4Cl to
obtain a relative ionization efficiency (RIE) based on the signal at
m∕z 36 (H35Cl+). This correction can be applied to measurements in
environments where chloride is dominated by NH4Cl. Caution should be
exercised when other chloride salts dominate the ambient particulate chloride.
La Formación Profesional ante el reto de las TIC: Proyección de la realidad aumentada entre su profesorado y predictores de uso
Authors: López Belmonte Jesús , Moreno Guerrero Antonio José , Pozo Sánchez Santiago , López Núñez Juan Antonio 
Published: October 2020

La educación está asumiendo un periodo de cambio, propiciado por la inclusión de la tecnología en los distintos espacios de aprendizaje. Una de las tecnologías que está adquiriendo una gran proyección es la realidad aumentada (RA), la cual, para ser aprovechada en su totalidad y obtener los beneficios que reporta en su aplicación, requiere que el profesorado disponga de un pertinente nivel de destrezas tecnopedagógicas. El presente estudio se centra en la Formación Profesional, considerada como una etapa educativa que está emergiendo tanto en el plano académico como en el investigador. Los objetivos formulados se focalizan en conocer la cualificación docente para llevar a cabo propuestas innovadoras con RA y averiguar la influencia de las áreas de la competencia digital del profesorado como predictores de su utilización. Se ha establecido un diseño de corte descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, basado en un método cuantitativo. Los participantes escogidos configuran una muestra de 627 docentes, a los que se le aplicó un cuestionario para la recogida de datos. Los resultados revelan el uso –aunque no destacado– de la RA y las principales razones por las que no la emplean. Asimismo, se ha hallado un perfil docente que emplea la RA, el cual dispone de un nivel de competencia digital medio y una escasa formación. Las correlaciones establecidas han hallado significancia estadística, mostrando cómo influyen determinadas áreas y el tipo de formación desplegada en el uso de la RA. Así pues, se han definido las áreas de la competencia digital más determinantes que predicen su empleo por parte de los docentes. Se concluye que el profesorado de Formación Profesional no dispone de una capacitación plena para llevar a cabo una acción pedagógica mediante RA, debido a su nivel medio de competencia digital y a su limitado ejercicio de formación complementaria de tipo tecnopedagógica desplegado.
Revolution and Roses: The Voice and Aesthetic of Sarah Mapps Douglass
Authors: Morgan Tabitha A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Philadelphian Sarah Mapps Douglass has been recognized as a powerful figure in the nineteenth-century fight for African American rights and liberation, yet she is often forgotten for her activist work in the arts. Utilizing both feminist tactics and upper-class traditions, Douglass became a revolutionary figure for Black women’s cultural practice and social justice reform.
Monsoon Effects on Biomass and Composition of Microphytobenthic Diatoms in the Cochin Estuary, Southwest India
Authors: SANILKUMAR M.G. , SARAMMA A.V. , JOSEPH K.J. , CAHOON L.B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrophytobenthos are important primary producers in shallow aquatic ecosystems, but processes regulating this group are poorly understood in comparison to phytoplankton. We examined microphytobenthos at a station in Cochin Estuary for 13 months (February 2005–February 2006) to evaluate effects of the annual southwest monsoon on total biomass, depth distribution and species composition of the microphytobenthos. Significant declines in microphytobenthos and phytoplankton biomass occurred with onset of the southwest monsoon in June 2005. Phytoplankton biomass began to recover before the monsoon rains ended in September 2005, but microphytobenthos biomass recovered only after the rains ended. Microphytobenthos biomass declined throughout the top 5 cm of the sediment column concurrently with declines in abundance of most pennate diatom taxa, particularly larger forms, as well as some macrobenthos taxa. Changes in the microphytobenthos were not consistent with direct effects of the monsoon (changes in salinity, temperature, pH, physical disturbance, and turbidity), but were consistent with the effects of mud deposition by land runoff caused by heavy monsoon rains. These results suggest the hypothesis that sediment loading into estuaries from storm water runoff may have significant negative effects on microphytobenthos and the communities they support.
Incompatible Variables and “Quantal” Phenomena in Psychology
Authors: HEGSTROM ROGER A. , ADSHEAD GWEN 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an area of modern psychology that provides a successful method for preventing the recurrence of depression. The standard theory of MBCT may be interpreted in terms of a simple theoretical model that employs incompatible variables as its fundamental observable quantities. Although the MBCT theory is not related to or derived from quantum theory, the existence of incompatible variables results in “quantal” phenomena, such as interference and the uncertainty principle, which have been widely believed to occur only as a consequence of the laws of quantum mechanics. The predictions of the model are subject to experimental testing and at present the model agrees with all published clinical data. To our knowledge, this work is the first quantitative theoretical treatment of a natural non-quantal system possessing incompatible variables. It confirms the intuition of Bohr and Heisenberg that incompatible variables may exist in human psychology.
Final Value Abelian Theorems for the Stieltjes Transform of Generalized Functions
Authors: CARMICHAEL RICHARD D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Limit results are obtained for the Stieltjes transform of generalized functions as the domain complex variable s approaches ∞ (final value results) in the right half plane. These results are of equivalent form as results for the transform as s approaches 0 (initial value results) in the right half plane.
Occurrence of Dipturus teevani, a Deep-Water Skate in North Carolina
Authors: Schwartz Frank J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrawling in 1,900 m deep Atlantic ocean waters in 1985 produced a long-nosed diamond- shaped skate. Examination of its meristic and morphological features revealed it was Dipturus teevani. Capture in the north Atlantic extends its depth range from 732 m to 1,900 m and its distributional range north of Cape Lookout 100 km to east of Cape Hatteras.
Mortality from Surgical Conditions in Children: An Insight from a Tertiary-Level Government Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Kabir S. M. Humayun , Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Sarwar Md. Khurshid Alam , Khastagir Rajib , Sajid Md. Minhajuddin 
Published: October 2020

Aims: While the developed world has significantly reduced mortality from surgical conditions in children, there is lack of adequate data on the outcome of children’s surgical conditions in the developing world. This study aims at assessing the spectrum of mortalities from children’s surgical conditions in a low-middle income country (LMIC).
Methods: Mortality data were collected for a period of 12 years (2008 to 2019) among 0 to12-year old children to analyse the diseases which had higher mortality trends, age -group specific mortality trends and categorize those according to body system.
Results: Among a total of 30,301 admitted children, 1228 (4.05%) patients died. Among them 53.01% were neonates, 20.28% were infants and 26.71% were children. Male to female ratio was 1.95:1. Mortality from neonatal surgical conditions was 24.21%. Infant mortality rate was 5.65% and child mortality rate was 1.41%. Neonatal surgical admission and mortality had a higher yearly trend. Anorectal malformation (ARM) was the most common cause of death (12.05%), followed by intestinal obstruction (11.40%) and gastroschisis (8.63%). Tracheo-oesophageal fistula/ oesophageal atresia (TOF/OA) had the highest mortality rate (83.33%), followed by gastroschisis (80.92%) and intestinal atresia (42.535) among the respective admissions. Other important causes of mortality were jejuno-ileal atresia (5.37%), trauma (5.05%), Hirschsprung disease (4.64%), intestinal perforation (4.48%), omphalocele (4.15%), burn (4.07%) and posterior urethral valves (PUV), 3.58%.
Conclusion: Overall mortality rate was much higher than developed countries and lower than some African countries. Neonatal mortality rate was very high and among them TOF/OA and gastroschisis had extremely high mortality rates.
Gout Flare Severity From the Patient Perspective: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Garcia‐Guillen Andrea , Stewart Sarah , Su Isabel , Taylor William J. , Gaffo Angelo L. , Gott Merryn , Slark Julia , Horne Anne , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe patient experience of a gout flare is multidimensional. To establish the most appropriate methods of flare measurement, there is a need to understand the complete experience of a flare. This qualitative study aimed to examine what factors contribute to the severity of a flare from the patient perspective.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted with patients with gout. Participants were asked to share their experience with their worst gout flare and contrast it to their experience of a less severe or mild flare. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach.ResultsIn total, 22 participants with gout (17 male participants, mean age 66.5 years) were interviewed at an academic center in Auckland, New Zealand. Four key themes were identified as contributing to the severity of a flare: 1) flare characteristics (pain intensity, joint swelling, redness and warmth, duration, and location); 2) impact on function (including walking, activities of daily living, wearing footwear, and sleep); 3) impact on family and social life (dependency on others, social connection, and work); and 4) psychological impact (depression, anxiety, irritability, and sense of control).ConclusionA wide range of interconnecting factors contribute to the severity of a gout flare from the patient perspective. Capturing these domains in long‐term gout studies would provide a more meaningful and accurate representation of cumulative flare burden.
In Situ Assembly of MoSx Thin‐Film through Self‐Reduction on p‐Si for Drastic Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Huiwen , Li Sijie , Yang Gaoliang , Zhang Kai , Tang Daiming , Su Yu , Li Yunxiang , Luo Shunqin , Chang Kun , Ye Jinhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStrong coupling between the Si photocathode and a low‐cost cocatalyst is of great significance for enhancing the photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. Here, a facile method is proposed to in situ assemble amorphous MoSx (a‐MoSx) thin‐film onto a single crystal p‐Si through a self‐reduction mechanism to achieve strong coupling. In the process of self‐reduction, the (MoS4)2− anion is reduced to form a‐MoSx by the oxidation of H–Si to form SiOx, which is etched further to form H–Si again in the hydrofluoric aqueous solution. The cyclic formation of H–Si and SiOx plays a decisive role in the continuous deposition of a‐MoSx and provides a unique way to synthesize metal sulfides. Such a‐MoSx/p‐Si photocathode exhibits an excellent activity, achieving the optimal onset potential of +0.31 VRHE and the current density of −28.2 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE with a Faradaic efficiency close to 98%, respectively, outperforming the thermally exfoliated 2H‐MoS2 and 1T‐MoS2 cocatalysts on p‐Si and comparable to the previous studies. The proposed method for uniform deposition at room temperature is simple to carry out and can be used for fabricating other Si‐based photoelectrodes.
A Pilot‐Scale Demonstration of Mobile Direct Air Capture Using Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Munir , Batten Michael P. , Mulet Xavier , Freeman Christopher , Konstas Kristina , Mardel James I. , Tanner Joanne , Ng Derrick , Wang Xingdong , Howard Shaun , Hill Matthew R. , Thornton Aaron W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is increasingly apparent that negative emissions technologies, such as direct air capture (DAC), are required as part of the technology mix for limiting global atmospheric temperature increase. For all DAC technologies, the requisite energy for regeneration of the separation media strongly influences the overall cost of the process and therefore directly influences their likely implementation. Herein, the results of a pilot‐scale demonstration of a new metal organic framework (MOF) based technology, Airthena, incorporated within a mobile unit for distributed deployment, are reported. Careful preparation of a MOF nanocomposite results in a CO2‐selective sorbent with fine‐tuned kinetic and thermodynamic properties. An optimum regeneration temperature of 80 °C is achieved, along with strong repellence of water vapor during the adsorption process. Taken together, this demonstrator has delivered one of the lowest regeneration energy consumptions, 1.6 kWh kg‐CO2−1 with output purity of 70–80%. This equates to an operational cost of $35–$350 ton‐CO2−1 depending on the source of regeneration energy. Over the duration of the pilot‐scale testing, the demonstrator captures a total of 8 kg of CO2 over 2680 cycles.
Multifunctional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Barani Zahra , Kargar Fariborz , Mohammadzadeh Amirmahdi , Naghibi Sahar , Lo Carissa , Rivera Brandon , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA method for scalable synthesis of epoxy composites with graphene and few‐layer graphene fillers is described, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal properties of such composites at elevated temperatures are reported. The tested materials reveal excellent total EMI shielding of SET ≈ 65 dB (≈ 105 dB) at a thickness of 1 mm (≈ 2 mm) in the X‐band frequency range. At higher filler loading fractions, composites reveal a room‐temperature cross‐plane thermal conductivity of 11.2 ± 0.9 Wm−1 K−1, which is a factor of ×41 larger than that of the pristine epoxy. Interestingly, the EMI shielding efficiency improves further as the temperature increases while the thermal conductivity remains approximately constant. The enhancement in the EMI shielding is explained by the temperature dependence of the two electrical conduction mechanisms, electronic band‐type conduction inside the fillers, and hopping conduction between the fillers. The excellent EMI shielding and heat conduction characteristics of such multifunctional graphene composites at high temperatures are promising for packaging applications of microwave components where EMI shielding and thermal management are important design considerations.
Air‐Assisted Transient Synthesis of Metastable Nickel Oxide Boosting Alkaline Fuel Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jinfeng , Chen Zelin , Liu Siliang , Zhang Yang , Yang Jiaxing , Xu Lianyong , Hu Wenbin , Chen Yanan , Deng Yida 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConstruction of active and durable non‐noble‐metals based electrocatalysts is one of important requirements for the practical application and development of fuel cells, which are presently inhibited by relative sluggish charge transport and reaction kinetics. Herein, highly dispersed ultrathin carbon‐coated nickel oxide nanoparticles settled on carbon cloth (NiO@C/CC) as efficient catalysts for alkaline fuels oxidation are synthesized via an air‐assisted transient thermal shock strategy. This NiO@C/CC catalyst induces an outstanding catalytic activity (up to 119.1 mA cm−2) and durability (a little current decay during tests) in electrooxidation for ethanol, even for methanol and ethylene glycol, which outperforms most of the reported non‐noble metal catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance of NiO@C/CC is essentially attributed to the oxygen vacancies, high concentration, high‐valence‐state Ni, and carbon layers of NiO@C NPs, which contribute to regulate the surface properties and electronic structure, enhance charge transfer, and provide abundant active sites, promoting adsorption capacity of reactant molecules on its surface. The facile and promising air‐assisted transient thermal shock strategy can be extended to guide rational design and rapid synthesis of transition metal compounds as advanced catalysts for alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.
Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte (WiSE) for Aqueous Batteries: A Long Way to Practicality
Authors: Droguet Léa , Grimaud Alexis , Fontaine Olivier , Tarascon Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe sustainability of battery components is becoming a key parameter for storing renewable energy at large scale. Toward that goal, several strategies are currently being explored. Great hopes are placed in the use of superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes, which enlarge the electrochemical stability window well beyond 1.2 V. Although fundamentally elegant, the practicability of such an approach remains unknown. Therefore, an in‐depth analysis of the stability and cycling behavior of water‐in‐salt (WiSE) and water‐in‐bisalt (WiBS) electrolytes as a function of concentration and temperature is carried out by monitoring via combined operando gas monitoring, cyclic voltammetry, and self‐discharge experiments the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth and stability. The SEI formed on the negative electrode is found to not be able to protect the battery against continuous electrolyte degradation through water reduction during both cycling and storage; this inefficiency is increased at elevated temperatures. This result contrasts with the less severe impact of water oxidation. The data are benchmarked against other commercial batteries. It is shown that WiSE‐based batteries in their current form cannot compete with lead‐acid, Ni‐Cd or nickel‐metal hydride commercial aqueous batteries in terms of price, operating temperature range, lifetime, and capacity fading upon storage. So the practical outcome of the superconcentrated aqueous electrolyte remains highly uncertain.
g‐C3N4Derivative Artificial Organic/Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Ye Shufen , Wang Lifeng , Liu Fanfan , Shi Pengcheng , Wang Haiyun , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithium metal anodes are one of the most promising anodes in “next‐generation” rechargeable batteries. However, continuous dendrite growth and interface instability of the anode have prevented practical applications. Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is an effective way to solve these issues. Herein, an artificial organic/inorganic SEI layer (denoted as N‐organic/Li3N) is designed, consisting of Li2CN2and Li3N phases, to achieve stable cycling of Li metal electrodes. Density functional theory (DFT) results reveal that the N‐organic/Li3N layer with a high Li ionic conductivity can effectively facilitate the transport of Li ions across the electrode surface and lead to uniform Li ionic flux on Li electrodes via strong interactions between Li ions and N‐organic groups, resulting in dendrite‐free Li stripping/plating. The N‐organic/Li3N‐coated Li (denoted as N‐organic/Li3N@Li) anode delivers stable long‐term cycling performance over 1100 h with a fixed areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2under 1 mA cm−2. A full battery assembled with a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622) cathode displays better long‐term cycle performance when the N‐organic/Li3N@Li composite anode is applied. The advantages of the organic/inorganic artificial SEI provide important insights into the design principles of SEI for lithium metal anodes.