bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug interactions: a review of the unseen danger of experimental COVID-19 therapies
Authors: Hodge Daryl , Marra Fiona , Marzolini Catia , Boyle Alison , Gibbons Sara , Siccardi Marco , Burger David , Back David , Khoo Saye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As global health services respond to the coronavirus pandemic, many prescribers are turning to experimental drugs. This review aims to assess the risk of drug–drug interactions in the severely ill COVID-19 patient. Experimental therapies were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for ‘COVID-19’, ‘2019-nCoV’, ‘2019 novel coronavirus’ and ‘SARS-CoV-2’. The last search was performed on 30 June 2020. Herbal medicines, blood-derived products and in vitro studies were excluded. We identified comorbidities by searching PubMed for the MeSH terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘Comorbidity’ and ‘Epidemiological Factors’. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated according to known pharmacokinetics, overlapping toxicities and QT risk. Drug–drug interactions were graded GREEN and YELLOW: no clinically significant interaction; AMBER: caution; RED: serious risk. A total of 2378 records were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, which yielded 249 drugs that met inclusion criteria. Thirteen primary compounds were screened against 512 comedications. A full database of these interactions is available at www.covid19-druginteractions.org. Experimental therapies for COVID-19 present a risk of drug–drug interactions, with lopinavir/ritonavir (10% RED, 41% AMBER; mainly a perpetrator of pharmacokinetic interactions but also risk of QT prolongation particularly when given with concomitant drugs that can prolong QT), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (both 7% RED and 27% AMBER, victims of some interactions due to metabolic profile but also perpetrators of QT prolongation) posing the greatest risk. With management, these risks can be mitigated. We have published a drug–drug interaction resource to facilitate medication review for the critically ill patient.
Recommendations for patient similarity classes: results of the AMIA 2019 workshop on defining patient similarity
Authors: Seligson Nathan D , Warner Jeremy L , Dalton William S , Martin David , Miller Robert S , Patt Debra , Kehl Kenneth L , Palchuk Matvey B , Alterovitz Gil , Wiley Laura K , Huang Ming , Shen Feichen , Wang Yanshan , Nguyen Khoa A , Wong Anthony F , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Bernstam Elmer V , Chen James L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Defining patient-to-patient similarity is essential for the development of precision medicine in clinical care and research. Conceptually, the identification of similar patient cohorts appears straightforward; however, universally accepted definitions remain elusive. Simultaneously, an explosion of vendors and published algorithms have emerged and all provide varied levels of functionality in identifying patient similarity categories. To provide clarity and a common framework for patient similarity, a workshop at the American Medical Informatics Association 2019 Annual Meeting was convened. This workshop included invited discussants from academics, the biotechnology industry, the FDA, and private practice oncology groups. Drawing from a broad range of backgrounds, workshop participants were able to coalesce around 4 major patient similarity classes: (1) feature, (2) outcome, (3) exposure, and (4) mixed-class. This perspective expands into these 4 subtypes more critically and offers the medical informatics community a means of communicating their work on this important topic.
Low Doses of a Neonicotinoid Stimulate Reproduction in a Beneficial Predatory Insect
Authors: Rix R R , Cutler G C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biological stimulation induced by low doses of toxicants or other stressors is known as hormesis. Hormetic stimulation of life history traits in insect pests can negatively impact agriculture, but stimulation of beneficial insects could be leveraged to enhance biological control agents. We examined whether low doses of imidacloprid could enhance oviposition, fecundity, fertility, and survival in the beneficial stink bug predator, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), exposed at different life stages and across two generations. When treated as young adults, P. maculiventris fecundity was stimulated at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/liter imidacloprid (&lt;2% of the field rate) without changes in time to oviposition, fertility, and survival. Nymphs exposed to 0.015 mg/liter imidacloprid (&lt;1% of the field rate) also had stimulated reproduction without effects on oviposition, fertility, and survival, but treatment of nymphs at 0.15 and 1.5 mg/liter imidacloprid stimulated fecundity at the expense of fertility and survival. In another experiment we found reproductive stimulation can occur trans-generationally without major reduction in fertility or survival. Our results suggest biocontrol producers may be able to strategically apply low doses of stress to natural enemies during culturing without compromising fitness in subsequent generations.
Mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as a rare cause of small intestinal intussusception
Authors: Alabbas Zeina , Issa Mohsen , Omran Ammar , Issa Rana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon, usually benign, mesenchymal tumor. IMT affects people of all ages, but it more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. Also, it has the potential to arise in any part of the body, though, it frequently develops in the lungs and mesentery. In this report, we discuss a rare clinical manifestation of mesenteric IMT presented as intussusception of the small intestine in a 7-year-old child.
The transcription factor WRKY22 is required during cryo-stress acclimation in Arabidopsis shoot tips
Authors: Stock Johanna , Bräutigam Andrea , Melzer Michael , Bienert Gerd Patrick , Bunk Boyke , Nagel Manuela , Overmann Jörg , Keller E R Joachim , Mock Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Storage of meristematic tissue at ultra-low temperatures offers a mean to maintain valuable genetic resources from vegetatively reproduced plants. To reveal the biology underlying cryo-stress, shoot tips of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected to a standard preservation procedure. A transcriptomic approach was taken to describe the subsequent cellular events which occurred. The cryoprotectant treatment induced the changes in the transcript levels of genes associated with RNA processing and primary metabolism. Explants of a mutant lacking a functional copy of the transcription factor WRKY22 were compromised for recovery. A number of putative downstream targets of WRKY22 were identified, some related to phytohormone-mediated defense, to the osmotic stress response, and to development. There were also alterations in the abundance of transcript produced by genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins. The wrky22 mutant plants developed an open stomata phenotype in response to their exposure to the cryoprotectant solution. WRKY22 probably regulates a transcriptional network during cryo-stress, linking the explant’s defense and osmotic stress responses to changes in its primary metabolism. A model is proposed linking WRKY53 and WRKY70 downstream of the action of WRKY22.
GABA signaling in plants: targeting the missing pieces of the puzzle
Authors: Fromm Hillel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe adaptation of plants to unstable environments relies on their ability to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of the plant to evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Plants, like animals, contain a huge repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals, including organic and inorganic molecules. The occurrence of neurotransmitter-like signaling molecules in plants has been an intriguing field of research. Among these, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in plants over half a century ago, and studies of its roles as a primary metabolite have been well documented, particularly in the context of stress responses. In contrast, evidence of the potential mechanism by which GABA acts as a signaling molecule in plants has only recently been reported. In spite of this breakthrough, the roles of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants have yet to be established and several aspects of the complexity of the GABA signaling system remain obscure. This review summarizes the uncertainties in GABA signaling in plants and suggests research directions and technologies that would help in answering unsolved questions.
Evaluation of the Impact of Changing Quality Control Rules and Frequency on the Risk Management Index: Results from the Clinical Routine of a Medical Laboratory
Authors: Karnutsch Daniela , Occhipinti Francesca , Tumiatti Daniel , Mueller Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The consideration of the principles of risk management in the analytical process is a current trend. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the risk management index (RMI) for various laboratory parameters can be influenced by interventions that change the internal quality control (IQC) strategy.

Methods
We selected 10 laboratory parameters associated with cardiovascular disease for the study (myoglobin, N-terminal fragment of the pro B-type natriuretic polypeptide, cardiac troponin T, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The study-specific interventions included changing the IQC rules and changing the IQC schedule. This was a one-armed intervention study in which changes in the RMI, a measure of patient harm risk, was recorded over time.

Results
Before the intervention, the mean RMI was 1.022 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.269–1.776). After the intervention, the mean RMI was 0.934 (95% CI, 0.088–1.956). The RMI values before and after the intervention were not significantly different (P =.89).

Conclusion
The study-specific interventions did not lead to an improvement of the RMI in the clinical routines of a medical laboratory. There is a great need to further explore this subject area with interventional studies to clarify how the risk of unintended patient harm can be measurably improved.
Rapid Molecular Detection for Differentiation of Homozygous HbE and ß0-Thalassemia/HbE in Samples Related With HbE &gt;80% and Variable HbF Levels
Authors: Tepakhan Wanicha , Jomoui Wittaya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To validate a novel rapid molecular testing method for differentiation of homozygous hemoglobin (Hb)E and HbE/β 0-thalassemia genotypes using multiplex melt curve combined with high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis in a single test tube.

Methods
All 10 genotypes contained (β N/β N; n = 95), (β N/β 3.5-kb; n = 71), (β N/β 45-kb; n = 28), (β N/β E; n = 10), (β E/β 3.5-kb; n = 6), (β E/β 45-kb; n = 4), (β E/β 41/42; n = 28), (β E/β 17; n = 9), (β E/β IVSI#1; n = 6), and (β E/β E; n = 76) were recruited for validation. A proposed strategy for rapid differentiation of β 0-thalassemia/HbE disease and homozygous Hb E in specimens with HbE greater than 80% and variable HbF levels was demonstrated.

Results
In the validation method, all genotypes showed 100% concordance, compared with the conventional reverse dot blot (RDB) and gap–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.

Conclusions
Our newly developed method could be useful in routine laboratory settings. The method is rapid, simple, and cost effective; does not require a post-PCR step; and can be applied in routine settings.
Model of imbalanced kinetic Alfvén turbulence with energy exchange between dominant and subdominant components
Authors: Gogoberidze G , Voitenko Y M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Alfvénic turbulence in the fast solar wind is imbalanced: the energy of the (dominant) waves propagating outward from the Sun is much larger than energy of inward-propagating (subdominant) waves. At large scales Alfvén waves are non-dispersive and turbulence is driven by non-linear interactions of counter-propagating waves. Contrary to this, at kinetic scales Alfvén waves become dispersive and non-linear interactions become possible among co-propagating waves as well. The study of the transition between these two regimes of Alfvénic turbulence is important for understanding of complicated dynamics of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence. In this paper, we present a semiphenomenological model of the imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence accounting for the energy exchange between the dominant and subdominant wave fractions. The energy transfer becomes non-negligible at sufficiently small yet still larger than the ion gyroradius scales and is driven by the non-linear beatings between dispersive dominant(subdominant) waves pumping energy into the subdominant(dominant) component. Our results demonstrate that the turbulence imbalance should decrease significantly in the weakly dispersive wavenumber range.
Clumpiness: time-domain classification of red giant evolutionary states
Authors: Kuszlewicz James S , Hekker Saskia , Bell Keaton J 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Long, high-quality time-series data provided by previous space missions such as CoRoT and Kepler have made it possible to derive the evolutionary state of red giant stars, i.e. whether the stars are hydrogen-shell burning around an inert helium core or helium-core burning, from their individual oscillation modes. We utilize data from the Kepler mission to develop a tool to classify the evolutionary state for the large number of stars being observed in the current era of K2, TESS, and for the future PLATO mission. These missions provide new challenges for evolutionary state classification given the large number of stars being observed and the shorter observing duration of the data. We propose a new method, Clumpiness, based upon a supervised classification scheme that uses ‘summary statistics’ of the time series, combined with distance information from the Gaia mission to predict the evolutionary state. Applying this to red giants in the APOKASC catalogue, we obtain a classification accuracy of $\sim 91{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the full 4 yr of Kepler data, for those stars that are either only hydrogen-shell burning or also helium-core burning. We also applied the method to shorter Kepler data sets, mimicking CoRoT, K2, and TESS achieving an accuracy $\gt 91{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ even for the 27 d time series. This work paves the way towards fast, reliable classification of vast amounts of relatively short-time-span data with a few, well-engineered features.
Orbital period modulation in hot Jupiter systems
Authors: Lanza A F 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a model for the orbital period modulation in systems with close-by giant planets based on a spin–orbit coupling that transfers angular momentum from the orbit to the rotation of the planet and vice versa. The coupling is produced by a permanent non-axisymmetric gravitational quadrupole moment assumed to be present in the solid core of the planet. We investigate two regimes of internal planetary rotation, that is, when the planet rotates rigidly and when the rotation of its deep interior is time-dependent as a consequence of a vacillating or intermittent convection in its outer shell. The model is applied to a sample of very hot Jupiters predicting maximum transit-time deviations from a constant-period ephemeris of approximately 50 s in the case of rigid rotation. The transit time variations of WASP-12, currently the only system showing evidence of a non-constant period, cannot be explained by assuming rigid rotation, but can be modelled in the time-dependent internal rotation regime, thus providing an alternative to their interpretation in terms of a tidal decay of the planet orbit.
Magnetic fields from cosmological bulk flows
Authors: Cembranos J A R , Maroto A L , Villarrubia-Rojo H 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore the possibility that matter bulk flows could generate the required vorticity in the electron–proton–photon plasma to source cosmic magnetic fields through the Harrison mechanism. We analyse the coupled set of perturbed Maxwell and Boltzmann equations for a plasma in which the matter and radiation components exhibit relative bulk motions at the background level. These background bulk motions induce a relative velocity between the matter and cosmic microwave background rest frames at the present time, i.e. a bulk flow, with an amplitude β. We find that, to first order in cosmological perturbations, bulk flows with velocities compatible with current Planck limits (β &lt; 8.5 × 10−4 at $95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL) could generate magnetic fields with an amplitude 10−21 G on 10 kpc comoving scales at the time of completed galaxy formation that could be sufficient to seed a galactic dynamo mechanism.
Can EDGES observation favour any dark matter model?
Authors: Rudakovskyi A , Savchenko D , Tsizh M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The recent detection of the 21-cm absorption signal by the EDGES collaboration has been widely used to constrain the basic properties of dark matter particles. However, extracting the parameters of the 21-cm absorption signal relies on a chosen parametrization of the foreground radio emission. Recently, the new parametrizations of the foreground and systematics have been proposed, showing significant deviations of the 21-cm signal parameters from those assumed by the original EDGES paper. In this paper, we consider this new uncertainty, comparing the observed signal with the predictions of several dark matter models, including the widely used cold dark matter model, 1–3 keV warm dark matter models, and 7 keV sterile neutrino (SN7) model, capable of producing the reported 3.5 keV line. We show that all these dark matter models cannot be statistically distinguished using the available EDGES data.
How eruptions of a small filament feed materials to a nearby larger-scaled filament
Authors: Wei H , Huang Z , Hou Z , Qi Y , Fu H , Li B , Xia L 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
As one of the most common features in the solar atmosphere, filaments are significant not only in solar physics but also in stellar and laboratory plasma physics. With the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, here we report on multi-wavelength observations of eruptions of a small (30 arcsec) filament (SF) and its consequences while interacting with ambient magnetic features including a large (300 arcsec) filament (LF). The eruptions of the SF drive a two-side-loop jet that is a result of magnetic reconnection between the SF threads and an overlying magnetic channel. As a consequence of the eruption, the heating in the footpoints of the SF destabilizes the barbs of the LF rooted nearby. Supersonic chromospheric plasma flows along the barbs of the LF are then observed in the H α passband and they apparently feed materials to the LF. We suggest that they are shock-driven plasma flows or chromospheric evaporations, which can both be the consequences of heating in the chromosphere by non-thermal particles generated in the magnetic reconnection associated with the two-side-loop jet. Our observations demonstrate that the destabilization in the vicinity of the footpoints of a barb can drive chromospheric plasma feeding to the filament.
GapR binds DNA through dynamic opening of its tetrameric interface
Authors: Huang Qian , Duan Bo , Dong Xianzhi , Fan Shilong , Xia Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
GapR is a nucleoid-associated protein that is an essential regulator of chromosome replication in the cell cycle model Caulobacter crescentus. Here, we demonstrate that free GapR is a homotetramer, but not a dimer as previously reported (Guo et al., Cell 175: 583–597, 2018). We have determined the crystal structure of GapR in complex with a 10-bp A-tract DNA, which has an open tetrameric conformation, different from the closed clamp conformation in the previously reported crystal structure of GapR/DNA complex. The free GapR adopts multiple conformations in dynamic exchange equilibrium, with the major conformation resembling the closed tetrameric conformation, while the open tetrameric conformation is a representative of minor conformers. As it is impossible for the circular genomic DNA to get into the central DNA binding tunnel of the major conformation, we propose that GapR initially binds DNA through the open conformation, and then undergoes structural rearrangement to form the closed conformation which fully encircles the DNA. GapR prefers to bind DNA with 10-bp consecutive A/T base pairs nonselectively (Kd ∼12 nM), while it can also bind GC-rich DNA sequence with a reasonable affinity of about 120 nM. Besides, our results suggest that GapR binding results in widening the minor groove of AT-rich DNA, instead of overtwisting DNA.
A Novel RFXANK Mutation in a Chinese Child With MHC II Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cai Yu Qing , Zhang HangHu , Wang Xiang Zhi , Xu ChengYun , Chao Yun Qi , Shu YingYing , Tang Lan Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) II deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder that is characterized by the deficiency of MHC class II molecules. The disease is caused by transcription factor mutations including class II transactivator (CIITA), regulatory factor X-5 (RFX5), RFX-associated protein (RFXAP), and RFXAP-containing ankyrin repeat (RFXANK), respectively. Mutations in the RFXANK gene account for &gt;70% of all known patients worldwide. Herein, we reported a 10-month-old boy with MHC II deficiency caused by a novel mutation in the RFXANK gene (c.337 + 1G&gt;C). The boy was admitted to the hospital due to pneumonia and diarrhea at 4 months of age. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation in the RFXANK gene, which derived from the c.337 + 1G&gt;C heterozygous mutations in the RFXANK gene of his parents. The boy died 3 months after diagnosis. More than 200 cases have been reported, and a review of the literature revealed different mutation rates of 4 transcription factors in different countries or regions. This is the first case report of MHC II deficiency from East Asia. We also describe all gene mutations that cause MHC II deficiency and the epidemiology of MHC II deficiency with gene mutations in this paper.
The Risk of Being a Fallen Angel and the Corporate Dash for Cash in the Midst of COVID
Authors: Acharya Viral V , Steffen Sascha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractData on firm-loan-level daily credit line drawdowns in the United States expose a corporate “dash for cash” induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first phase of the crisis, which was characterized by extreme precaution and heightened aggregate risk, all firms drew down bank credit lines and raised cash levels. In the second phase, which followed the adoption of stabilization policies, only the highest-rated firms switched to capital markets to raise cash. Consistent with the risk of becoming a fallen angel, the lowest-quality BBB-rated firms behaved more similarly to non-investment grade firms. The observed corporate behavior reveals the significant impact of credit risk on corporate cash holdings. (JEL G01, G14, G32, G35)Received July 13, 2020; editorial decision July 17, 2020 by Editor Andrew Ellul