bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The last breath of glassblowing?
Authors: Badran Jana , Kharrouby Amale , Chaar Abdel-Maoula 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: identify how tools and frameworks of strategic management can be applied to understand the evolution of the timeline of a firm; analyse the core competencies and weaknesses of a firm and understand their relevance in strengthening the competitive advantage of a firm; and design appropriate business models that are grounded in an integrated strategic analysis.

Case overview/synopsis
The case series traces the attempts of Nisrine Khalifeh to save her family’s ailing Lebanese artisan micro-enterprise that produces handmade glass blown jars, jugs and cups. Despite their unique traditional know-how in glassblowing, The Khalifeh struggle to survive since the early 2000s until today in a context of a growing concurrence by more competitive glass products. After each triggering event faced by the Khalifeh firm, Nisrine’s exploits opportunities offered to her in an archaic business model approach that provides short business solutions. Nisrine seems not to realize that her business approach is just keeping her family business from dying today instead of tomorrow while keeping it on the verge of going under. Facing an additional dilemma, she is challenged to realize how competitive and sustainable the Khalifeh business model is, and which actions she should take to withstand the competitive threats. More sustainable business options exist to this traditional micro-enterprise which carries a strong growth rate potential if sustainable business models are developed and deployed using key tools and frameworks of strategic management analysis.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate Business Students,

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
How capitalism abolishes itself in the digital era in favour of robo-economic systems: socio-economic implications of decentralized autonomous self-owned businesses
Authors: Hoffmann Christian Hugo , Dahlinger André 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore socio-economic implications of decentralized autonomous self-owned businesses.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors take the approach of a case study analysis.

Findings
Unlike dark scenarios according to which almost half of our jobs are at risk in the wake of new emerging technologies such as AI and Blockchain (Frey and Osborne, 2013), the authors envision a world of decentralized autonomous self-owned businesses, using the example of the taxi market. The authors, first, outline their characteristics and how they work. Second, they elaborate on the socio-economic implications of markets where this novel kind of business enters. Third and most important, the authors argue that so-called robo-economic systems would be tantamount to a post-capitalistic society that is enforced by applying capitalistic principles.

Research limitations/implications
The presented scenario of this paper is very futuristic and furthermore reduces a complex system quite drastically to be able to focus on the two implications of interest. Therefore, we are confronted with the necessity to take assumptions on socio-technical feasibilities and individual preferences. Most of these assumptions can be challenged (see Section 6.3).

Social implications
The scenario presented by the authors stands in contrast to the fear that increased automation inherently leads to increased inequality. There is a general debate going on whether automation and digitalization will lead to a massive loss of employment, because machines will replace humans in many fields of work. Frey and Osborne (2013) estimate that nearly every second job is at risk to disappear in the coming decades because of computerization. Hence, many people fear to be left behind because of this development and inequality will increase tremendously as only those who own the machines will benefit directly from the profit share. In the scenario, however, the profits are mostly distributed among the consumers via reduced prices.

Originality/value
The proposed scenario seems to reconcile socialism (less private property) with liberalism (a radicalization of markets) and shows an effective way to tackle market power, the problem that certain persons and firms would benefit almost exclusively from the increased profit margins promised by automation.
Individual time preferences and obesity
Authors: Soofi Moslem , Sari Ali Akbari , Rezaei Satar , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Najafi Farid 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Behavioral economic analysis of health-related behavior is a potentially useful approach to study and control non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this paper is to explore the time preferences of individuals and its impact on obesity in an adult population of Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire was completed by 792 individuals who were randomly selected from the participants of an ongoing national Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN cohort study in West of Iran. The quasi-hyperbolic discounting model was used to estimate the parameters of time preferences and a probit regression model was used to explore the correlation between obesity and time preferences.

Findings
There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and both the long-run patience and present-biased preferences of participants. Individuals with a low level of long-run patience were 10.2 percentage points more likely to be obese compared to individuals with a high level of long-run patience. The probability of being obese increased by 11 percentage points in present-biased individuals compared to future biased individuals.

Originality/value
The long-run patience and time inconsistent preferences were significant determinants of obesity. Considering the time-inconsistent preferences in the development of policies to change obesity-related behavior among adults might increase the success rate of the interventions.
Hybrids as potential mediators spreading non‐native genes: Comparison of survival, growth, and movement among native, introduced and their hybrid salmonids
Authors: Fukui Sho , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComparing multiple fitness components and potential movement of wild hybrids with their parental species is necessary to fully understand the consequences of human‐mediated introgression, but studies tracking both parental species and their hybrids at the individual‐level are limited. Here, we compared growth, survival and movement of sympatric introduced brook trout (BT: Salvelinus fontinalis) and native white‐spotted charr (WSC: S. leucomaenis) with their hybrids (HYB) in a northern Japanese stream, using mark‐recapture data (1,087 marked individuals) collected over 4 years (2013–2016). The mark‐recapture data with a single cohort showed that HYB had a comparable or even higher growth rate to BT and WSC. In addition, there is no evidence that hybrid survival was lower than both parental species throughout the entire study period. Furthermore, HYB showed high mobility equivalent to WSC, while BT showed the lowest mobility. Although our previous studies have documented the reduction of BT distribution and lowered reproductive success of HYB, non‐native genes can pose a threat to native WSC via relatively high survival, growth and/or mobility of HYB.
Why reading is a challenge for U.S. L2 learners: The impact of cognitive, ecological, and psychological factors in L2 comprehension
Authors: Sparks Richard L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that U.S. learners’ proficiency in reading and listening comprehension lags behind their ability to decode words. Recent studies have found that even after 3 years of high school L2 courses, U.S. students fail to develop minimal proficiency in reading comprehension. This paper suggests that while cognitive factors (word decoding and listening comprehension) explain the largest amount of variance in learners’ ability to comprehend text, this model, known as the Simple View of Reading, does not consider other factors that may contribute to reading achievement, especially in a largely monolingual English context. In contrast, the Component Model of Reading posits that reading ability is influenced not only by cognitive skills but also by factors in the ecological and psychological domains. In particular, the U.S. social context hampers primarily monolingual English speakers from becoming proficient in L2 oral language and L2 reading comprehension. Pedagogical recommendations are offered.
Refining the role of phenology in regulating gross ecosystem productivity across European peatlands
Authors: Koebsch Franziska , Sonnentag Oliver , Järveoja Järvi , Peltoniemi Mikko , Alekseychik Pavel , Aurela Mika , Arslan Ali Nadir , Dinsmore Kerry , Gianelle Damiano , Helfter Carole , Jackowicz‐Korczynski Marcin , Korrensalo Aino , Leith Fraser , Linkosalmi Maiju , Lohila Annalea , Lund Magnus , Maddison Martin , Mammarella Ivan , Mander Ülo , Minkkinen Kari , Pickard Amy , Pullens Johannes W. M. , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Nilsson Mats B. , Peichl Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe role of plant phenology as a regulator for gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) in peatlands is empirically not well constrained. This is because proxies to track vegetation development with daily coverage at the ecosystem scale have only recently become available and the lack of such data has hampered the disentangling of biotic and abiotic effects. This study aimed at unraveling the mechanisms that regulate the seasonal variation in GEP across a network of eight European peatlands. Therefore, we described phenology with canopy greenness derived from digital repeat photography and disentangled the effects of radiation, temperature and phenology on GEP with commonality analysis and structural equation modeling. The resulting relational network could not only delineate direct effects but also accounted for possible effect combinations such as interdependencies (mediation) and interactions (moderation). We found that peatland GEP was controlled by the same mechanisms across all sites: phenology constituted a key predictor for the seasonal variation in GEP and further acted as a distinct mediator for temperature and radiation effects on GEP. In particular, the effect of air temperature on GEP was fully mediated through phenology, implying that direct temperature effects representing the thermoregulation of photosynthesis were negligible. The tight coupling between temperature, phenology and GEP applied especially to high latitude and high altitude peatlands and during phenological transition phases. Our study highlights the importance of phenological effects when evaluating the future response of peatland GEP to climate change. Climate change will affect peatland GEP especially through changing temperature patterns during plant phenologically sensitive phases in high latitude and high altitude regions.
Pyrenoidal sequestration of cadmium impairs carbon dioxide fixation in a microalga
Authors: Penen Florent , Isaure Marie‐Pierre , Dobritzsch Dirk , Castillo‐Michel Hiram , Gontier Etienne , Le Coustumer Philippe , Malherbe Julien , Schaumlöffel Dirk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMixotrophic microorganisms are able to use organic carbon as well as inorganic carbon sources and thus, play an essential role in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. In aquatic ecosystems, the alteration of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation by toxic metals such as cadmium – classified as a priority pollutant – could contribute to the unbalance of the carbon cycle. In consequence, the investigation of cadmium impact on carbon assimilation in mixotrophic microorganisms is of high interest. We exposed the mixotrophic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium in a growth medium containing both CO2 and labelled 13C‐[1,2] acetate as carbon sources. We showed that the accumulation of cadmium in the pyrenoid, where it was predominantly bound to sulphur ligands, impaired CO2 fixation to the benefit of acetate assimilation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X‐EDS) and micro X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF)/micro X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (μXANES) at Cd LIII‐edge indicated the localization and the speciation of cadmium in the cellular structure. In addition, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis of the 13C/12C ratio in pyrenoid and starch granules revealed the origin of carbon sources. The fraction of carbon in starch originating from CO2 decreased from 73 to 39% during cadmium stress. For the first time, the complementary use of high‐resolution elemental and isotopic imaging techniques allowed relating the impact of cadmium at the subcellular level with carbon assimilation in a mixotrophic microalga.
Pre‐clinical development of a cryopreservable megakaryocytic cell product capable of sustained platelet production in mice
Authors: Patel Ami , Clementelli Cara Marie , Jarocha Danuta , Mosoyan Gohar , Else Cindy , Kintali Manisha , Fong Helen , Tong Jay , Gordon Ronald , Gillespie Virginia , Keyzner Alla , Poncz Mortimer , Hoffman Ronald , Iancu‐Rubin Camelia 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDPlatelet (PLT) transfusions are the most effective treatments for patients with thrombocytopenia. The growing demand for PLT transfusion products is compounded by a limited supply due to dependency on volunteer donors, a short shelf‐life, risk of contaminating pathogens, and alloimmunization. This study provides preclinical evidence that a third‐party, cryopreservable source of PLT‐generating cells has the potential to complement presently available PLT transfusion products.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) units were used in a simple and efficient culture system to generate a cell product consisting of megakaryocytes (MKs) at different stages of development. The cultures thus generated were evaluated ex vivo and in vivo before and after cryopreservation.RESULTSWe generated a megakaryocytic cell product that can be cryopreserved without altering its phenotypical and functional capabilities. The infusion of such a product, either fresh or cryopreserved, into immune‐deficient mice led to production of functional human PLTs which were observed within a week after infusion and persisted for 8 weeks, orders of magnitude longer than that observed after the infusion of traditional PLT transfusion products. The sustained human PLT engraftment was accompanied by a robust presence of human cells in the bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lungs of recipient mice.CONCLUSIONThis is a proof‐of‐principle study demonstrating the creation of a cryopreservable megakaryocytic cell product which releases functional PLTs in vivo. Clinical development of such a product is currently being pursued for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with hematological malignancies.
Misoprostol knowledge and distribution in Mexico City after the change in abortion law: a survey of pharmacy staff
Authors: Weaver Greta , Schiavon Raffaela , Collado Maria Elena , Küng Stephanie , Darney Blair G 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveFirst-trimester abortion is widely available in Mexico City since legalisation in 2007, but few data exist surrounding pharmacy staff knowledge and sales practices. We describe misoprostol availability, whether a prescription is required, and knowledge of the legal status of abortion and uses for misoprostol among pharmacy staff in Mexico City.MethodsData were collected from 174 pharmacies in Mexico City. One employee at each pharmacy was asked about availability, need for prescription, indications for misoprostol, and sociodemographic information. Our primary outcome was availability of misoprostol. We used descriptive and bivariate statistics to compare knowledge and practices by type of pharmacy and staff gender.Patients and public involvementNo patients were involved in this study.ResultsOf the 174 pharmacies, 65 were chain and 109 small independent. Misoprostol was available at 61% of sites. Only 49% of independent pharmacies sold misoprostol, compared with 81.5% of chain pharmacies (p<0.05). Knowledge of indications for misoprostol use was similar. The majority (80%) of respondents knew that abortion was legal in Mexico City, and 44% reported requiring a prescription for sale of misoprostol, with no significant difference between male and female staff or by pharmacy type.ConclusionsAvailability, requirement of a prescription, and knowledge of indications for use of misoprostol varies among pharmacies, resulting in differential access to medical abortion. Pharmacies may be a good place to target education for pharmacy staff and women about safe and effective use of misoprostol for abortion.
Significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality among cardiac patients feeling lonely
Authors: Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Juel Knud , Ekholm Ola , Thrysøe Lars , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Borregaard Britt , Mols Rikke Elmose , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo explore whether living alone and loneliness 1) are associated with poor patient-reported outcomes at hospital discharge and 2) predict cardiac events and mortality 1 year after hospital discharge in women and men with ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure or heart valve disease.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey including patients with known cardiac disease at hospital discharge combined with national register data at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Loneliness was evaluated using one self-reported question, and information on cohabitation was available from national registers. Patient-reported outcomes were Short Form-12, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and HeartQoL. Clinical outcomes were 1-year cardiac events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation) and all-cause mortality from national registers.ResultsA total of 13 443 patients (53%) with ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure or heart valve disease completed the survey. Of these, 70% were male, and mean age was 66.1 among women and 64.9 among men. Across cardiac diagnoses, loneliness was associated with significantly poorer patient-reported outcomes in men and women. Loneliness predicted all-cause mortality among women and men (HR 2.92 (95% CI 1.55 to 5.49) and HR 2.14 (95% CI 1.43 to 3.22), respectively). Living alone predicted cardiac events in men only (HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.85)).ConclusionsA strong association between loneliness and poor patient-reported outcomes and 1-year mortality was found in both men and women across cardiac diagnoses. The results suggest that loneliness should be a priority for public health initiatives, and should also be included in clinical risk assessment in cardiac patients.
Research Highlights
Authors: Libkin Leonid 
Published: November 2019

Take a database conference paper and search for "in the real world" in it; chances are high you will find it. Of course what is real depends on one's perspective: for a pure theory paper it could be what one saw in a systems paper, for a systems paper it could be an issue that implementors of DBMSs had to deal with, and for the latter it may be what the customers need. But to sharpen our research tools, it helps tremendously to understand that the real "real world" is, and adjust our (sometimes very elaborate) techniques to address problems that actually occur.
A nice example of this is analyzing the computational complexity of database queries. Database theory has developed an arsenal of tools for this. We know that for many classes of queries, the complexity is roughly kDkO(kQk) for a database D and a query Q, where k k means size. Thus, much research went into the detailed analysis of the structure of queries that removes kQk from the exponent and replaces it by a small fixed constant. We have a very good theoretical understanding of such classes, but we know much less about their relationship with queries that real-world users write.
#8712;
Authors: Zhang Dan , McKenna Ryan , Kotsogiannis Ios , Bissias George , Hay Michael , Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Miklau Gerome 
Published: November 2019

The adoption of differential privacy is growing but the complexity of designing private, efficient and accurate algorithms is still high. We propose a novel programming framework and system, ∈ktelo, for implementing both existing and new privacy algorithms. For the task of answering linear counting queries, we show that nearly all existing algorithms can be composed from operators, each conforming to one of a small number of operator classes. While past programming frameworks have helped to ensure the privacy of programs, the novelty of our framework is its significant support for authoring accurate and efficient (as well as private) programs.
We describe the design and architecture of the ∈ktelo system and show that ∈ktelo is expressive enough to describe many algorithms from the privacy literature. ∈ktelo allows for safer implementations through code reuse and allows both privacy novices and experts to more easily design new algorithms. We demonstrate the use of ∈ktelo by designing new algorithms offering state-of-the-art accuracy and runtime.
An integrative taxonomy of Vescelia pieli pieli species complex based on morphology, genes and songs from China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Phaloriinae)
Authors: TIAN DI , SHEN CHU-ZE , CHEN LIN , CHEN GUANG-YU , ZHANG TAO , LI KAI , HE ZHU-QING 
Published: November 2019

There are nine species or subspecies belonging to genus Vescelia Stål, 1877 in the world, with two species distributed in China, V. pieli pieli and V. liangi. During 2018–2019, Vescelia spp. from Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian were systematically investigated. Here, we described two new species, Vescelia dulcis He sp. nov. and V. pieli monotonia He subsp. nov. The new species are similar to V. pieli pieli in morphology except for minute differences in the genitalia. But phylogenetic reconstruction and differences in songs support the validity of the new species. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).