bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final results for mapping the Milky Way’s stellar halo with blue horizontal branch stars selected from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Fukushima Tetsuya , Chiba Masashi , Tanaka Mikito , Hayashi Kohei , Homma Daisuke , Okamoto Sakurako , Komiyama Yutaka , Tanaka Masayuki , Arimoto Nobuo , Matsuno Tadafumi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We select blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs) from the internal data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program to reveal the global structure of the Milky Way (MW) stellar halo. The data are distributed over a $\sim$1100 deg$^2$ area in the range of $18.5\lt g\lt 24.5$ mag, so that candidate BHBs are detectable over a Galactocentric radius of $r \simeq 36-575$ kpc. In order to select the most likely BHBs by removing blue straggler stars and other contaminants in a statistically significant manner, we develop and apply an extensive Bayesian method, as described in Fukushima et al. (2019). Our sample can be fitted to either a single power-law profile with an index of $\alpha =4.11^{+0.18}_{-0.18}$ or a broken power-law profile with an index of $\alpha _{\rm in}=3.90^{+0.24}_{-0.30}$ at r below a broken radius of $r_{\rm b}=184^{+118}_{-66}$ kpc and a very steep slope of $\alpha _{\rm out}=9.1^{+6.8}_{-3.6}$ at $r\gt r_{\rm b}$; the statistical difference between these fitting profiles is small. Both profiles are found to show prolate shapes having axial ratios of $q=1.47^{+0.30}_{-0.33}$ and $1.56^{+0.34}_{-0.23}$, respectively. We also find a signature of the so-called “splashback radius” for the candidate BHBs, which can reach as large as $r \sim 575$ kpc, although it is still inconclusive owing to rather large distance errors in this faintest end of the sample. Our results suggest that the MW stellar halo consists of two overlapping components: the in situ inner halo showing a relatively steep radial density profile and the ex situ outer halo with a shallower profile, being characteristic of a component formed from accretion of small stellar systems.
Generalized expectancy of threat in threatening compared to safe contexts
Authors: Aslanidou Asimina , Andreatta Marta , Wong Alex H.K , Wieser Matthias J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fear of threatening contexts often generalizes to similar safe contexts, but few studies have investigated how contextual information influences cue generalization. In this study, we explored whether fear responses to cues would generalize more broadly in a threatening compared to a safe context. Forty-seven participants underwent a differential cue-in-context conditioning protocol followed by a generalization test, while we recorded psychophysiological and subjective responses. Two faces appeared on a computer screen in two contexts. One face (CS+) in the threat context (CTX+) was followed by a female scream 80% of the time, while another face (CS−) was not reinforced. No faces were reinforced in the safe context (CTX−). In the generalization test, the CSs and four morphs varying in similarity with the CS+ were presented in both contexts. During acquisition, conditioned responses to the cues were registered for all measures and the differential responding between CS+ and CS− was higher in CTX+ for US-expectancy ratings and skin conductance responses, but the affective ratings and steady-state visual evoked potentials were not context-sensitive. During test, adaptive generalized responses were evident for all measures. Despite increased US-expectancy ratings in CTX+, participants exhibited similar cue generalization in both contexts, suggesting that threatening contexts do not influence cue generalization.
Nocturnal short-term heart rate variability reflects impaired daytime vigilance better than overnight heart rate variability in suspected obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Hietakoste Salla , Karhu Tuomas , Lombardi Carolina , Armañac-Julián Pablo , Bailón Raquel , Duce Brett , Sillanmäki Saara , Töyräs Juha , Leppänen Timo , Myllymaa Sami , Kainulainen Samu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), heart rate variability (HRV) decreases and performance in psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) worsens with more severe hypoxic load. Nevertheless, the association between HRV and PVT performance is poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesize that nocturnal short-term HRV is better related to daytime psychomotor vigilance compared with overnight HRV. To investigate this hypothesis, we retrospectively analyzed the electrocardiograms from polysomnographies of 546 consecutive patients with suspected OSA. We determined overnight HRV and short-term HRV in nonoverlapping 5-min segments and performed stepwise linear regression analyses to associate HRV with the median reaction time (RT) in the PVT. The short-term decrease in the median interval between two successive normal R peaks (NN interval), root mean square of successive NNs, and normalized high-frequency band power were all significant (p &lt; 0.001) indicators of longer median RTs. However, the overnight HRV parameters did not indicate worsening median RT. Instead, increased hypoxic load and N3 duration were associated with longer median RT in men but not in women. The association of HRV and cardiorespiratory coupling with PVT performance was generally weak. Nocturnal short-term HRV evaluation reflected a state of vigilance better than the average overnight HRV. Thus, the overnight HRV analysis might not be optimal for patients with OSA. Utilizing the HRV analysis in a time-series manner and combined with the hypoxic load and sleep stages could bring new aspects to the health assessment of patients with OSA.
Investigation of the Driver Injury Risks in Small Overlap Impact with Automatic Emergency Braking
Authors: Fan Tiqiang , Nie Zhenlong , Wan Xinming , Liu Yu , Yang Peilong , Chen Jianzhuo , Ren Lihai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The forward displacement caused by the precrash braking may influence occupant injury risks in frontal impacts. However, the occupant injury mechanisms in the small overlap impact (SOI) with autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the driver injury mechanisms in SOI with AEB via finite element modelling using the THUMS occupant model and a validated vehicle model. Simulations were conducted under the braking-crash loadings which combined the simplified braking curves with representative SOI accelerations. Simulation results indicated a considerable increase in occupant thoracic compression owing to forward displacement induced by AEB, though the risk of brain injury remained uncertain. The presence of AEB in SOI changed occupant injury patterns, showing varied injury risk trends across different body regions. The main injury mechanisms under AEB crash load conditions were the reduced buffering effect of the restraint system and increased ride-down efficiency caused by AEB, contributing to greater uncertainty in overall occupant injury risk.
Relationship Between Paraspinal Sarcopenia and Lumbar Alignment and Facet Joint Osteoarthritis in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Liu Song , Hu Wenjun , Lin Youxi , Liao Nianchun , Shi Huihong , Chen Jianan , Chen Yanbo , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Gao Bo , Huang Dongsheng , Gao Wenjie , Liang Anjing 
Published: December 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective study analysis.

Objective.
To explore association between degenerative spinal conditions and paraspinal sarcopenia in patients with severe degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Background.
Paraspinal muscles plays an essential role in stabilizing the spine. Paraspinal sarcopenia is progressively recognized as a crucial parameter influencing clinical outcomes in the field of spine surgery. The association between degenerative spinal conditions and paraspinal sarcopenia in patients with severe DLSS has been rarely investigated.

Materials and Methods.
This study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L4/5 single-level for lumbar spinal stenosis between January 2019 and July 2023. The study assessed paraspinal sarcopenia based on the fatty infiltration and Goutallier classification systems (GCS) of multifidus muscle on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The study evaluated the association between demographic/radiographic factors and paraspinal sarcopenia in patients with DSLL. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was then performed to adjust for confounding.

Results.
A total of 129 patients were included, including 38 patients with mild paraspinal sarcopenia, 52 patients with moderate paraspinal sarcopenia, and 39 patients with severe paraspinal sarcopenia. Correlation analysis indicated that age (r=0.366, P<0.001), pelvic incidence (PI) (r=0.407, P<0.001), lumbar lordosis (LL) (r=0.362, P=0.023) were positively correlated with paraspinal sarcopenia, while weight (r=−0.422, P<0.001), cross-sectional area (CSA) of psoas (r=−0613, P<0.001), facet joint angle (FA) (r=−0.447, P=0.016), and The Hounsfield Unit values of L1-L4 (L1-4 HU) (r=0.298, P=0.005) were negatively correlated with paraspinal sarcopenia. Ordinal logistic regression showed that the Facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) (odds ratio=2.82, P=0.017), PI (odds ratio=1.15, P<0.001), age (odds ratio=1.14, =0.001), and female (odds ratio=5.26, P=0.04) were associated with paraspinal sarcopenia.

Conclusions.
Our study demonstrated FJOA, PI, age, and female were associated with paraspinal sarcopenia. The assessments of paraspinal muscles cross-sectional area were not associated with the severity of fatty infiltration.
Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal with Sugammadex Reduces Cardiac Complications and OR Time for Prone Lumbar Spinal Fusion Compared to Neostigmine
Authors: Dalton Jonathan , Heard Jeremy , Huang Rachel , Ezeonu Otitochukwu , Nardone Bryan , Dwosh Ryan , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: December 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study

Objective.
To evaluate inpatient complication profiles of patients receiving neuromuscular blockade reversal via sugammadex versus neostigmine/glycopyrrolate.

Summary of Background Data.
Sugammadex is a neuromuscular blockade reversal agent that binds non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. This is a different mechanism from traditional reversal agents such as the combination drug neostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)/glycopyrrolate (antimuscarinic agent). Sugammadex has theoretical advantages related to more predictable and rapid reversal, and decreased autonomic side effects. While these agents have been compared in non-spine literature, there is minimal research examining their impact during prone lumbar fusion.

Methods.
All adult patients who underwent a primary one- or two-level posterior lumbar fusion (L4-S1) at a single academic center (2018-2021) were retrospectively identified. Neuromuscular blockade reversal agents (sugammadex or NG), demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were collected through a Structured Query Language search and confirmed by chart review. Bivariate analysis and multivariate linear regression were performed. Alpha was set at P<0.05.

Results.
In the NG group, more patients had ≥1 inpatient complication (31.2% vs. 19.9%, P=0.012) and cardiac complication (19.1% vs. 11.3%, P=0.040). NG had higher total (0.40±0.66 vs. 0.28±0.62, P=0.046) and cardiac (0.23±0.50 vs. 0.13±0.37, P=0.009) complication rates per person. Operative time was longer amongst patients reversed with NG (182±55.9 vs. 174±55.9, P=0.039). Multivariable linear regression for inpatient complications demonstrated that sugammadex (estimate=−0.124, P=0.045) was negatively predictive of inpatient complications, while Elixhauser (estimate=0.073, P<0.001) was positively predictive.

Conclusion.
The current results demonstrate that sugammadex may create less risk for cardiac complications, and is likely associated with more rapid reversal and decreased OR time during prone lumbar fusion. However, additional research is needed to further validate these findings, especially amongst patients with cardiac comorbidities.
Genome-wide meta-analysis associates donor-recipient non-HLA genetic mismatch with acute cellular rejection post-liver transplantation
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Lianne M. , Li Yanni , Loza Bao-Li , Lambeck Annechien J.A. , Hu Shixian , Gacesa Ranko , Voskuil Michiel D. , Hepkema Bouke G. , Jansen Bernadien H. , Blokzijl Hans , Verkade Henk-Jan , van den Heuvel Marius C. ,   TransplantLines Investigators, Asrani Sumeet , Testa Giuliano , Klintmalm Goran , Trotter James , Olthoff Kim M. , Shaked Abraham , Keating Brendan J. , Weersma Rinse K. , Festen Eleonora A.M. , de Meijer Vincent E. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains a common complication causing significant morbidity post-liver transplantation. Non–human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA) mismatches were associated with an increased risk of ACR in kidney transplantation. Therefore, we hypothesized that donor-recipient non-HLA genetic mismatch is associated with increased ACR incidence post-liver transplantation.

Methods:
We conducted an international multicenter case-control genome-wide association study of donor-recipient liver transplant pairs in 3 independent cohorts, totaling 1846 pairs. To assess genetic mismatch burden, we calculated sum scores for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mismatch based on all non-HLA functional SNPs, specifically SNPs coding for transmembrane or secreted proteins as they more likely affect the immune system. We analyzed the association between the non-HLA mismatch scores and ACR in a multivariable Cox regression model per cohort, followed by a weighted meta-analysis.

Results:
During the first year post-transplantation, 90 of 689 (13%), 161 of 720 (22%), and 48 of 437 (11%) recipients experienced ACR in cohorts 1–3, respectively. Weighted meta-analyses showed that higher mismatch in functional non-HLA SNPs was associated with an increased incidence of ACR (HR 5.99; 95% CI: 1.39–20.08; p=0.011). Moreover, we found a larger effect of mismatch in SNPs coding for transmembrane or secreted proteins on ACR (HR 7.54; 95% CI 1.95–28.79; p=0.003). Sensitivity analyses showed that imputed HLA mismatch did not affect the associations between both non-HLA mismatch scores and ACR.

Conclusions:
Donor-recipient mismatch of functional non-HLA SNPs overall and, especially, of SNPs encoding transmembrane or secreted proteins correlated with 1-year ACR post-liver transplantation. Identifying high-risk immunological burdens between pairs may prevent early graft rejection and aid in personalizing immunosuppressive therapy. Future studies are, however, needed to validate our findings using a genotyped HLA cohort.
Crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells through exosomes: Roles in tumor metabolism and progression
Authors: Shi Ying-Hui , Du Jian , Pan Wen , Zhang Hai-Yang , Ba Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tumor proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, and chemoresistance are intimately related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is a hallmark of their adaptation to hypoxic and nutrient-deficient TMEs. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, have been found to regulate the crosstalk between tumor cells and the TME, affecting tumor metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we introduce the metabolic characteristics of tumor cells; describe the crosstalk between tumor cells and the TME in terms of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism through exosomes; and provide an overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes. A better understanding of tumor metabolism would provide a broader perspective about the mechanisms underlying tumor pathology and would facilitate the search for therapeutic targets and guide more individualized tumor treatment.
Association of plant-based diets with risk of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Shan-Rui , Zhang Yue-Ying , Fan Zhi-Yuan , He Fei-Fan , Wei Wen-Qiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Diets rich in red or processed meat have been linked to an increased risk of cancers within the digestive system. It has been suggested that a plant-based diet may have protective effects against digestive system cancers. This study aimed to determine the association between plant-based diets and upper gastrointestinal tract cancers (UGTCs).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to September 30, 2023. We pooled the risk ratios (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixed- or random-effects models.

Results
Our meta-analysis included 16 studies (30 results). The data revealed a strong inverse association between a high intake of plant-based diets and UGTC (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49–0.72), specifically gastric cancer (GC, RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.42–0.67) and esophageal cancer (EC, RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42–0.96). This relationship was not significant for gastric cardia cancer (GCA) or esophagogastric junctional cancer (EGJC, RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.47–1.22). A subgroup analysis showed the association was significant in studies from Asia and Europe, as well as in studies utilizing indices such as a vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet, the Plant-Based Diet Index, and principal component analysis dietary patterns. There was no indication of publication bias among the analyzed studies.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis highlights the potential health benefits of plant-based diets in preventing UGTC, particularly regarding esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC. Nevertheless, additional research is required to validate these results and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Unlocking the sun’s potential: Vitamin D’s role in battling colorectal cancer
Authors: Ling Qing-Er , Ni Si-Qi , Jiao Yi , Liu Ling-Xiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble hormone precursor primarily derived from sunlight exposure, exerts pleiotropic effects within the body, including anticancer activity. Research has demonstrated an association between vitamin D and colorectal cancer (CRC) from both geoecological and epidemiological perspectives, wherein vitamin D intake and circulating levels have clinical significance for the development of CRC and confer a protective effect against the disease. As such, a sensible increase in sunlight exposure may be an accessible approach to reducing cancer risk and a low-cost treatment when used in conjunction with vitamin D supplements. This article comprehensively explores the established and emerging mechanisms thought to underlie the impact of vitamin D on CRC. It encompasses recent insights from clinical trials and epidemiological studies, along with recommendations, diverse viewpoints, and future prospects regarding the utilization of vitamin D in the management of CRC.
Lumbosciatica revealed hereditary bisalbuminemia in Burkina Faso: First case report
Authors: Diabri Banyama Marie , Bayala Yannick Laurent Tchenadoyo , Aziz Abdoul , Ilboudo Kiswendsida Alain , Zabsonré/Tiendrébeogo Wendlassida Joëlle Stéphanie , Ouedraogo Dieu-Donné 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Bisalbuminemia, a rare qualitative anomaly of albumin detected through serum protein electrophoresis, can be hereditary or acquired. This study reports the first case of hereditary bisalbuminemia within a Burkinabe family.

Patient concerns:
The patient, Mrs. ZS, aged 66, has been experiencing persistent right lumbosciatalgia for 2 years, recently becoming disabling.

Diagnoses:
Examination reveals lumbar spinal syndrome and radicular syndrome without impairment of sensitivity or motor function. Serum protein electrophoresis for Mrs. ZS shows an atypical profile with a doubling of the albumin peak, confirmed by 2 separate analyses in different laboratories. Additional examinations, including complete blood count, CRP, creatinine, and lipase levels, yield normal results. Imaging reveals a disc protrusion from L3 to S1 in conflict with the dural sheath, diagnosed as common adult lumbalgia due to disc protrusion.

Interventions:
Mrs. ZS receives oral corticosteroid therapy, with a significant improvement in symptoms by the 15th day.

Outcomes:
One year later, during family investigations, bisalbuminemia is confirmed in Mrs. ZS and discovered in her daughter.

Lessons:
This study underscores the importance of considering hereditary bisalbuminemia in the evaluation of electrophoretic profiles, providing a clinical and biological insight into a rare condition within the Burkinabe population. Collaboration between clinicians and biologists is essential for understanding and managing such anomalies.
18F-DCFPyL in the Detection of Prostate Cancer Spread to the Lumbosacral Plexus
Authors: Segala Silmara R. , Sutherland Duncan , Bauman Glenn , Driscoll Brandon , Chin Joseph , Romsa Jonathan , Zukotynski Katherine A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In most cases, prostate cancer spreads locally to the seminal vesicles, via lymphatics to pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes, and hematogenously to the bones. Direct invasion along nerve roots is exceptionally rare but can occur. Here, we present a case with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT images showing neoplastic involvement of the lumbosacral plexus in a patient with recurrent prostate cancer.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Azouz Eya , Ahlem Omri , Aloui Haithem , Frikha Hatem , Hammami Rami , Chermiti Amal , Hassine Abouda Saber , Chaoufi Badis , Frikha Wassim , Mizouni Habiba 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PASDs) because of its advanced soft-tissue contrast and spatial resolution capabilities, offering better contrast, improved spatial resolution, and a wider field of view compared with ultrasound. Using a 1.5-Tesla MRI protocol with multiple sequences, MRI can detect indicative signs of PASD such as placental signal heterogeneity, interruption of the myometrium-placenta interface, and abnormal vascularization. Specific sequences such as T2 SSFSE, FIESTA, and T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging are used to assess placental attachment, myometrial invasion, and intraplacental hemorrhages. Significant MRI findings include thick low-signal T2 intraplacental bands, invasions into the cervix or bladder, and abnormal periplacental vascularity. MRI complements ultrasound and is crucial for the prenatal diagnosis of PASD, aiding in treatment planning and patient management, thereby reducing the associated fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this pictorial review was to outline the placental MRI technique and review the main imaging findings in placental MRI for PASD. This review encompasses anonymized patient images obtained following written consent.
Chest Wall Injury Society recommendations for long-term follow-up after nonoperatively and operatively managed traumatic rib and sternal fractures
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Choudhry Muhammad Saad , Fernandez-Moure Joseph , Kurle Jason , Patel Bhavik , Tung Jamie , Kartiko Susan 
Published: December 2024

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic Review/Meta-analysis; Level IV.