bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Popliteal cystic adventitial disease: a rare case of calf claudication in a young man
Authors: Collingwood A J , Ablett D J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPopliteal cystic adventitial disease is a rare arterial condition characterised by mucinous cyst formation in the adventitia of the popliteal artery producing stenosis or occlusion of the arterial lumen. It predominantly affects males and typically presents in the thirties with disabling intermittent calf claudication. Because of the demographic it affects it is of relevance to military medical practitioners. We present such a case and describe the presentation, clinical features, differential diagnoses and imaging findings as well as the theories surrounding pathogenesis, clinical management and surgical treatment options.
Armed Forces personnel flying with respiratory disease: am I fit to fly?
Authors: Minnis P , Stait G 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRespiratory problems account for 10% of inflight medical emergencies; this is usually due to the acute physiological stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia on board aircraft. During a typical commercial flight, the cabin pressure is the equivalent of breathing 15% oxygen at sea level, as opposed to 21% (~ 15.2 kPa versus 21.2 kPa FiO2). The response to this hypobaric hypoxia is mediated by the autonomic nervous system; it is characterised by an increased rate and depth of breathing, mild tachycardia, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Patients who are able to walk 50 metres without developing shortness of breath are generally “fit to fly” from a respiratory perspective, and those with resolved pneumonia may fly if they are clinically stable. Military patients with asthma and COPD are generally safe to fly, as they must have stable airways disease to remain medically fit for service. A recent or unresolved pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication to air travel. Other absolute contraindications for air travel include tuberculosis, major haemoptysis and an oxygen requirement of ≥4 l/min. If there is any doubt regarding a patient’s fitness to fly, an opinion from a respiratory physician should be sought. All patients flying with a respiratory condition must carry their medications onboard, have up-to-date vaccinations and seek advice from their doctor should they have any concerns over their fitness to fly. This review article will explore the effect of air travel on the respiratory diseases most likely to be seen in the UK military population: airways disease (COPD and asthma), respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and spontaneous pulmonary embolism.
Care and Diligence - the professional life of James Pearse, sea surgeon, courtier and the founder of naval medicine
Authors: Willoughby C P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJames Pearse was the most distinguished English military surgeon of the late 17th century. He established the basic principles of naval surgical care and was a notable innovator and administrator during the Second and Third Dutch wars. He was a friend and colleague of Samuel Pepys, a courtier, a gossip and a royal confidant. His work, though now largely forgotten, had a profound influence on the development of the Royal Naval Medical Service during the following two centuries.
The effects of barotrauma on the ear
Authors: Roocroft N , Hogg E , Williams R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEar barotrauma represents a spectrum of pathology ranging from a mild, self-limiting condition, to significant morbidity with occupational implications. This article describes the anatomy of a normal functioning ear and how this function is disrupted in patients with ear barotrauma. It will discuss the clinical features of the condition, as well as how to investigate and manage a patient presenting with ear barotrauma, including the occupational considerations that should be made.
Measurement of atmospheric oxides of nitrogen and a preliminary investigation of their source
Authors: King S D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMaintenance of a breathable atmosphere is a core tenet of dived submarine operations, and the responsibility for this falls to the medical department. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are atmospheric contaminants from a currently unconfirmed source. If not controlled, these contaminants can act as respiratory irritants and asphyxiants which may endanger health and threaten sustained dived operations.MethodsUsing the issued Dräger Short Term Detection Tubes (STDTs) to sample strategic locations, the relationship between atmospheric contaminants and NOx was investigated in an attempt to determine the source of NOx formation. Interventions were implemented to reduce NOx by reducing leakage of monoethanolamine (MEA) from carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing equipment, a known potential source of NOx if oxidised (combusted). Dräger STDTs for NH3demonstrate cross-reactivity with MEA, these levels being referred to as NH3/MEA.ResultsA relationship was demonstrated between elevated readings for atmospheric NH3/MEA and elevated readings for NOx, with a variable lag period. Findings suggest that NOx production may be reduced by control of atmospheric NH3/MEA. Of the control measures examined, replacement of resin filter bags was noted to reduce atmospheric NH3/MEA, while replenishment of CO2scrubber MEA was noted to increase it, with a resultant increase in NOx production.ConclusionsElevated NH3atmospheric readings may in fact be due to MEA from CO2scrubbers. This, when catalytically oxidised by CO/H2burners, produces NOx. Management of MEA egress from CO2scrubbers (carryover) represents a potential target for NOx control interventions. Specific MEA detection equipment is required to demonstrate whether MEA or NH3is the progenitor species for NOx. Furthermore, controlled trials are required to prove a definitive relationship between MEA and NOx and to evaluate the best control measures.
Transverse energy–energy correlations of jets in the electron–proton deep inelastic scattering at HERA
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Li Gang , Wang Wei , Xing Zhi-Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the event shape variables, transverse energy–energy correlation TEEC $$(\cos \phi )$$

(
cos
ϕ
)

and its asymmetry ATEEC $$(\cos \phi )$$

(
cos
ϕ
)

in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at the electron–proton collider HERA, where $$\phi $$
ϕ
is the angle between two jets defined using a transverse-momentum $$(k_T)$$

(

k
T

)

jet algorithm. At HERA, jets are defined in the Breit frame, and the leading nontrivial transverse energy–energy correlations arise from the 3-jet configurations. With the help of the NLOJET++, these functions are calculated in the leading order (LO) and the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximations in QCD at the electron–proton center-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{s}=314$$

s

=
314

GeV. We restrict the angular region to $$-0.8 \le \cos \phi \le 0.8$$

-
0.8
≤
cos
ϕ
≤
0.8

, as the forward- and backward-angular regions require resummed logarithmic corrections, which we have neglected in this work. Following experimental jet-analysis at HERA, we restrict the DIS-variables x, $$y=Q^2/(x s)$$

y
=

Q
2

/

(
x
s
)

, where $$Q^2=-q^2$$

Q
2

=
-

q
2

is the negative of the momentum transfer squared $$q^2$$

q
2

, to $$0 \le x \le 1$$

0
≤
x
≤
1

, $$0.2 \le y \le 0.6$$

0.2
≤
y
≤
0.6

, and the pseudo-rapidity variable in the laboratory frame $$(\eta ^\mathrm{{lab}})$$

(

η
lab

)

to the range $$-1 \le \eta ^\mathrm{{lab}} \le 2.5$$

-
1
≤

η
lab

≤
2.5

. The TEEC and ATEEC functions are worked out for two ranges in $$Q^2$$

Q
2

, defined by $$5.5\,\mathrm{GeV}^2 \le Q^2 \le 80\,\mathrm{GeV}^2$$

5.5

GeV

2

≤

Q
2

≤
80

GeV

2

, called the low-$$Q^2$$

Q
2

-range, and $$150\,\mathrm{GeV}^2 \le Q^2 \le 1000\,\mathrm{GeV}^2$$

150

GeV

2

≤

Q
2

≤
1000

GeV

2

, called the high-$$Q^2$$

Q
2

-range. We show the sensitivity of these functions on the parton distribution functions (PDFs), the factorization $$(\mu _F)$$

(

μ
F

)

and renormalization $$(\mu _R)$$

(

μ
R

)

scales, and on $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

. Of these the correlations are stable against varying the scale $$\mu _F$$

μ
F

and the PDFs, but they do depend on $$\mu _R$$

μ
R

. For the choice of the scale $$\mu _R= \sqrt{\langle E_T\rangle ^2 +Q^2}$$

μ
R

=

⟨

E
T

⟩

2

+

Q
2

, advocated in earlier jet analysis at HERA, the shape variables TEEC and ATEEC are found perturbatively robust. These studies are useful in the analysis of the HERA data, including the determination of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

from the shape variables.
Hunting for $$B^+\rightarrow K^+ \tau ^+\tau ^-$$ imprints on the $$B^+ \rightarrow K^+ \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ dimuon spectrum
Authors: Cornella C. , Isidori G. , König M. , Liechti S. , Owen P. , Serra N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of indirectly constraining the $$B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\tau ^+\tau ^-$$

B
+

→

K
+

τ
+

τ
-

decay rate using precise data on the $$B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
+

→

K
+

μ
+

μ
-

dimuon spectrum. To this end, we estimate the distortion of the spectrum induced by the $$B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\tau ^+\tau ^-\rightarrow K^{+} \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
+

→

K
+

τ
+

τ
-

→

K
+

μ
+

μ
-

re-scattering process, and propose a method to simultaneously constrain this (non-standard) contribution and the long-distance effects associated to hadronic intermediate states. The latter are constrained using the analytic properties of the amplitude combined with data and perturbative calculations. Finally, we estimate the sensitivity expected at the LHCb experiment with present and future datasets. We find that constraints on the branching fraction of $$O(10^{-3})$$

O
(

10

-
3

)

, competitive with current direct bounds, can be achieved with the current dataset, while bounds of $$O(10^{-4})$$

O
(

10

-
4

)

could be obtained with the LHCb upgrade-II luminosity.
Some results on strong conflict-free connection number of graphs
Authors: Ji Meng , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2020

A path in an edge-colored graph is called a conflict-free path if there exists a color used on only one of its edges. An edge-colored graph is called conflict-free connected if there is a conflict-free path between each pair of distinct vertices. We call the graph [Formula: see text] strongly conflict-free connectedif there exists a conflict-free path of length [Formula: see text] for every two vertices [Formula: see text]. The strong conflict-free connection number of a connected graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is defined as the smallest number of colors that are required to make [Formula: see text] strongly conflict-free connected. The authors in [M. Ji, X. Li and X. Zhu, (Strong) Conflict-free connectivity: Algorithm and complexity, Theor. Comput. Sci. 804 (2020) 72–80] showed that the problem of deciding whether [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] for a given graph [Formula: see text] is NP-complete. In this paper, we give mainly some bounds of strong conflict-free connection number of graphs and illustrate the difference between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text].
Quantitative analysis of fault-and-fold growth in a transtensional basin: the Sørvestsnaget Basin, Western Barents Sea
Authors: Kristensen Thomas B. , Rotevatn Atle , Marvik Maria , Henstra Gijs A. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Ravnås Rodmar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The growth of faults and folds in basins formed under transtension has been less studied than that in their extensional counterparts. In this study, we capitalize on 3D seismic reflection data to investigate the evolution of faults and folds that evolved coevally during suborthogonal partitioned extension and shortening, respectively, in the Sørvestsnaget Basin, Western Barents Sea. We use quantitative techniques to constrain the distribution of normal fault throw, shortening accommodated by folds and thrusts, and stratigraphic thickness variations, to analyse the relative temporal and spatial evolution of faults and folds. Our results show that normal faults display a similar evolution to those occurring in extensional basins, where they grew by lateral- and dip-linkage of individual fault segments as well as upward propagation. Notably, we show that shortening-related fold growth affected the fault growth patterns, skewing their throw distributions, and shifting the location of accommodation away from the evolving folds. Thus, fold amplification caused lateral migration of normal fault hanging-wall depocentres. Our results shed new light on fault-and-fold growth processes in transtensional basins and contribute to an improved understanding of the structural evolution of basins forming along sheared continental margins, which has economic implications for sheared-margin basins targeted for hydrocarbon exploration.
Early Adaptation of Colorectal Cancer Cells to the Peritoneal Cavity Is Associated with Activation of “Stemness” Programs and Local Inflammation
Authors: Barriuso Jorge , Nagaraju Raghavendar T. , Belgamwar Shreya , Chakrabarty Bipasha , Burghel George J. , Schlecht Helene , Foster Lucy , Kilgour Elaine , Wallace Andrew J. , Braun Michael , Dive Caroline , Evans D. Gareth , Bristow Robert G. , Saunders Mark P. , O'Dwyer Sarah T. , Aziz Omer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
At diagnosis, colorectal cancer presents with synchronous peritoneal metastasis in up to 10% of patients. The peritoneum is poorly characterized with respect to its superspecialized microenvironment. Our aim was to describe the differences between peritoneal metastases and their matched primary tumors excised simultaneously at the time of surgery. Also, we tested the hypothesis of these differences being present in primary colorectal tumors and having prognostic capacity.

Experimental Design:
We report a comprehensive analysis of 30 samples from peritoneal metastasis with their matched colorectal cancer primaries obtained during cytoreductive surgery. We tested and validated the prognostic value of our findings in a pooled series of 660 colorectal cancer primary samples with overall survival (OS) information and 743 samples with disease-free survival (DFS) information from publicly available databases.

Results:
We identified 20 genes dysregulated in peritoneal metastasis that promote an early increasing role of “stemness” in conjunction with tumor-favorable inflammatory changes. When adjusted for age, gender, and stage, the 20-gene peritoneal signature proved to have prognostic value for both OS [adjusted HR for the high-risk group (vs. low-risk) 2.32 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.69–3.19; P &lt; 0.0001)] and for DFS [adjusted HR 2.08 (95% CI, 1.50–2.91; P &lt; 0.0001)].

Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that the activation of “stemness” pathways and adaptation to the peritoneal-specific environment are key to early stages of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The in silico analysis suggested that this 20-gene peritoneal signature may hold prognostic information with potential for development of new precision medicine strategies in this setting.
The point on Opaliopsis atlantis (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) distribution: new data from the Mediterranean and implications
Authors: Giacobbe Salvatore , Renda Walter 
Published: November 2020

Specimens of the rare amphi-Atlantic epitoniid Opaliopsis atlantis have been recorded in the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean) from a hydrozoan stylasterid-rich habitat. The record, which adds a new site to the sporadic occurrences of this prevalently deep-water species, may be considered the first contextualized report from Mediterranean Sea. Opaliopsis atlantis displays a planktotrophic larval development functional for long-range colonization of favorable habitats. Its discontinuous distribution all over its broad geographic range highlights the potential role of Atlantic seamounts as stepping-stones for transoceanic dispersal. Although no conclusive information is yet available upon the feeding requirements of O. atlantis all over its range, we suggest that this cnidarian-ectoparasitic prosobranch could adapt to different hosts, as a strategy that may enhance its wide biogeographic distribution.
A miniaturized ommatid beetle in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Authors: Li Yan-Da , Yamamoto Shûhei , Huang Di-Ying , Cai Chen-Yang 
Published: November 2020

Recent findings of ommatids from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber have greatly increased our knowledge on the Mesozoic diversity of Ommatidae. Here, we report the first distinctly miniaturized ommatid species, Miniomma chenkuni gen. et sp. nov., entombed in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. This new fossil species is characterized by its small body size (less than 2 mm long) and subglobular metacoxae. Our discovery of miniaturization in extinct Ommatidae suggests a high ecological diversity of this family in the Mesozoic.
Leptomeningeal Collateral Flow Modifies Endovascular Treatment Efficacy on Large-Vessel Occlusion Strokes
Authors: García-Tornel Álvaro , Ciolli Ludovico , Rubiera Marta , Requena Manuel , Muchada Marian , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez-Luna David , Deck Matias , Juega Jesus , Rodríguez-Villatoro Noelia , Boned Sandra , Olivé-Gadea Marta , Sanjuan Estela , Tomasello Alejandro , Piñana Carlos , Hernández David , Álvarez-Sabin José , Molina Carlos A. , Ribó Marc 
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:
We aim to evaluate if good collateral flow (CF) modifies endovascular therapy (EVT) efficacy on large-vessel stroke. To do that, we used final degree of reperfusion and number of device-passes performed, factors previously associated with better functional outcome, as main outcome measures.

Methods:
Single-center retrospective study including consecutive stroke patients receiving EVT for anterior circulation large-vessel stroke. CF degree was assessed on CT angiography before EVT using a previously validated 4-grade score. Final degree of reperfusion, using modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI), and number of device-passes performed were prospectively collected. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of collateral flow degree on final degree of reperfusion and number of device-passes performed.

Results:
Six hundred twenty-six patients were included in the study; 369 patients (59%) presented good collateral flow on CT angiography. Five hundred twenty-two patients (84%) achieved successful reperfusion (mTICI 2B-3) after EVT, 304 (48%) of them with a final mTICI 2C-3. Median number of device-passes was 2 (interquartile range, 1–3). Good CF was independently associated with better final degree of reperfusion (shift analysis for mTICI0-2A/2B/2C-3%, poor CF 19/38/43 versus good CF 15/32/53, adjusted odds ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.08–2.11]). Poor CF was independently associated with higher number of device-passes performed to achieve successful reperfusion (mTICI2B-3; shift analysis for 1/2/3/4+ device-passes, adjusted odds ratio, 1.59, [95% CI, 1.09–2.31]) and complete reperfusion (mTICI2C-3; shift analysis for 1/2/3/4+ device-passes, adjusted odds ratio, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.04–2.90]).

Conclusions:
Patients with good CF treated with EVT experience higher rates of successful reperfusion with lower number of device-passes. CF may facilitate thrombus retrieval and prevent distal embolization of clot fragments, improving device-passes efficacy.
Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1
Authors: Huang Boyin , Liu Chunying , Banzon Viva , Freeman Eric , Graham Garrett , Hankins Bill , Smith Tom , Zhang Huai-Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (SST), version 2.0, dataset (DOISST v2.0) is a blend of in situ ship and buoy SSTs with satellite SSTs derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). DOISST v2.0 exhibited a cold bias in the Indian, South Pacific, and South Atlantic Oceans that is due to a lack of ingested drifting-buoy SSTs in the system, which resulted from a gradual data format change from the traditional alphanumeric codes (TAC) to the binary universal form for the representation of meteorological data (BUFR). The cold bias against Argo was about −0.14°C on global average and −0.28°C in the Indian Ocean from January 2016 to August 2019. We explored the reasons for these cold biases through six progressive experiments. These experiments showed that the cold biases can be effectively reduced by adjusting ship SSTs with available buoy SSTs, using the latest available ICOADS R3.0.2 derived from merging BUFR and TAC, as well as by including Argo observations above 5-m depth. The impact of using the satellite MetOp-B instead of NOAA-19 was notable for high-latitude oceans but small on global average, since their biases are adjusted using in situ SSTs. In addition, the warm SSTs in the Arctic were improved by applying a freezing point instead of regressed ice-SST proxy. This paper describes an upgraded version, DOISST v2.1, which addresses biases in v2.0. Overall, by updating v2.0 to v2.1, the biases are reduced to −0.07° and −0.14°C in the global ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, when compared with independent Argo observations and are reduced to −0.04° and −0.08°C in the global ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, when compared with dependent Argo observations. The difference against the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) Multiproduct Ensemble (GMPE) product is reduced from −0.09° to −0.01°C in the global oceans and from −0.20° to −0.04°C in the Indian Ocean.
The Contributions of Gauge-Based Precipitation and SMAP Brightness Temperature Observations to the Skill of the SMAP Level-4 Soil Moisture Product
Authors: Reichle Rolf H. , Liu Qing , Ardizzone Joseph V. , Crow Wade T. , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M. , Dong Jianzhi , Kimball John S. , Koster Randal D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission L-band brightness temperature (Tb) observations are routinely assimilated into the Catchment land surface model to generate Level-4 soil moisture (L4_SM) estimates of global surface and root-zone soil moisture at 9-km, 3-hourly resolution with ~2.5-day latency. The Catchment model in the L4_SM algorithm is driven with 1/4°, hourly surface meteorological forcing data from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS). Outside of Africa and the high latitudes, GEOS precipitation is corrected using Climate Prediction Center Unified (CPCU) gauge-based, 1/2°, daily precipitation. L4_SM soil moisture was previously shown to improve over land model-only estimates that use CPCU precipitation but no Tb assimilation (CPCU_SIM). Here, we additionally examine the skill of model-only (CTRL) and Tb assimilation-only (SMAP_DA) estimates derived without CPCU precipitation. Soil moisture is assessed versus in situ measurements in well-instrumented regions and globally through the instrumental variable (IV) method using independent soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer. At the in situ locations, SMAP_DA and CPCU_SIM have comparable soil moisture skill improvements relative to CTRL for the unbiased root-mean-square error (surface and root-zone) and correlation metrics (root-zone only). In the global average, SMAP Tb assimilation increases the surface soil moisture anomaly correlation by 0.10–0.11 compared to an increase of 0.02–0.03 from the CPCU-based precipitation corrections. The contrast is particularly strong in central Australia, where CPCU is known to have errors and observation-minus-forecast Tb residuals are larger when CPCU precipitation is used. Validation versus streamflow measurements in the contiguous United States reveals that CPCU precipitation provides most of the skill gained in L4_SM runoff estimates over CTRL.