bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPK2019: David Shugar and the genesis of the IPK conferences
Authors: Pinna Lorenzo A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA short biographical sketch of Professor David Shugar, the “father of the IPK conferences,” is presented, focusing on the growing interest of this eminent scientist for protein kinases and his farsighted perception of the extraordinary therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors, after his discovery in 1986 that 5,6‐dichloro‐1‐(beta‐D‐ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole effects are mediated by inhibition of protein kinase CK2. This led David Shugar to conceive the idea of organizing a periodic international conference on protein kinase inhibitors (“IPK conference”). The first conference was held in 1998 and the 10th one under the auspices of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in September 2019. David Shugar died at the age of 100 in 2015, shortly after having organized the eight IPK conference.
Development of a practical prediction scoring system for severe acute organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Dong Ning , Liu Junlan , Wang Zhihao , Gao Nan , Pang Li , Xing Jihong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP) is a serious public health issue, especially in the rural areas. This study was designed to establish a scoring system to assess the risk of cases with severe AOPP. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two independent hospitals. The derivation cohort included 444 patients with AOPP and the validation cohort included 274 patients. A risk score for patients with severe AOPP was developed. The rates of severe AOPP cases were 20.7% and 20.1% in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. A scoring system for severe AOPP risk was developed that included: (1) age >50 years, (2) white blood cell count of >15 × 109/L, (3) plasma cholinesterase of <360 U/L, (4) plasma albumin of <35 g/L, (5) blood pH <7.3, and (6) lactic acid >3.0 mmol/L. The predicted score in severe cases of AOPP had good accuracy in both the derivation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.92) and validation cohorts (AUC 0.83, 95% CI, 0.77–0.90). A practical bedside prediction scoring system was developed for patients with severe AOPP. The routine use of this scoring system could rapidly assist in identifying patients at higher risk who require more intensive care or transfer to a larger better‐equipped hospital.
Differentiation of Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp. phytopathogens using infrared spectroscopy and machine learning analysis
Authors: Abu‐Aqil George , Tsror Leah , Shufan Elad , Adawi Samar , Mordechai Shaul , Huleihel Mahmoud , Salman Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPectobacterium and Dickeya spp. are soft rot Pectobacteriaceae that cause aggressive diseases on agricultural crops leading to substantial economic losses. The accurate, rapid and low‐cost detection of these pathogenic bacteria are very important for controlling their spread, reducing the consequent financial loss and for producing uninfected potato seed tubers for future generations. Currently used methods for the identification of these bacterial pathogens at the strain level are based mainly on molecular techniques, which are expensive. We used an alternative method, infrared spectroscopy, to measure 24 strains of five species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya. Measurements were then analyzed using machine learning methods to differentiate among them at the genus, species and strain levels. Our results show that it is possible to differentiate among different bacterial pathogens with a success rate of ~99% at the genus and species levels and with a success rate of over 94% at the strain level.
In vivo detection of venous sinus distension due to intracranial hypotension in small animal using pulsed‐laser‐diode photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Rajendran Praveenbalaji , Sahu Samiran , Dienzo Rhonnie Austria , Pramanik Manojit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntracranial hypotension (IH) is a pathophysiological condition of reduced intracranial pressure caused by low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume due to dural injuries from lumbar puncture, surgery, or trauma. Understanding the prognosis of IH in small animal models is important to gain insights on the complications associated with it such as orthostatic headache, cerebral venous thrombosis, coma, and so forth. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offers a novel and cost‐effective way to perceive and detect IH in small animal models. In this study, a pulsed laser diode (PLD)‐based PAT imaging system was used to examine the changes in the venous sinuses of the rat brain due to IH, induced through CSF extraction. After the CSF extraction, an increase in the sagittal sinus area by ~30% and width by 40% ± 5% was observed. These results provide supportive evidence that the PLD‐PAT can be employed for detecting changes in sagittal sinus due to IH in rat model.
The role of nucleolar spindle‐associated protein 1 in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Huang Kate , Cai Huihua , Chen Siping , Sun Donghua , Jiang Pengfei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest malignancies of the female reproductive system. The present study focused on the role of Nucleolar spindle‐associated protein 1 (NuSAP1) in OC. Relative expression of NuSAP1 was detected in OC tissues as well as cells. After knocking down NuSAP1 with lentivirus‐mediated shRNA and verifying the knockdown efficiency via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle were determined using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and flow cytometry, respectively. Transwell assay was conducted to detect the migration and invasion of OC cells. It was showed that NuSAP1 was abundantly expressed in OC tissues and cell lines. After knocking down NuSAP1 in OC cells, in addition to significantly inhibiting proliferation and colony forming ability, it also promotes apoptosis and affects cell cycle distribution. Moreover, cells in the shNuSAP1 group showed significantly suppressed migration and invasion ability compared with that in the shCtrl group. In conclusion, NuSAP1 may act as an oncogenic factor in OC and therefore might serve as an indicator for prognosis and therapeutic target for OC treatment.
The clinical impact of PCR‐based point‐of‐care diagnostic in respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: Reischl Anna Theresa , Schreiner Daniel , Poplawska Krystyna , Kidszun André , Zepp Fred , Gröndahl Britta , Gehring Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren are commonly affected by respiratory tract infections. Based on clinical symptoms, laboratory evaluation, and imaging, the causative pathogen often cannot be delineated. Point‐of‐care‐testing systems that provide an opportunity for fast detection of common viruses and some bacteria can therefore influence treatment's options. We aimed to examine whether the Biofire® FilmArray® has an effect on antibiotic treatment, duration of antibiotic therapy, and length of hospital stay within a pediatric cohort.MethodsWe included children who were admitted to inpatient treatment with an acute respiratory tract infection from 02/2017 to 04/2018 using the FA respiratory panel for pathogen detection. The study group data were compared to the retrospective data of children admitted from 02/2016 to 02/2017, using a proprietary multiplex RT‐PCR.ResultsA total of 322 children of the study group and 464 children of the control group were analyzed for clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, antibiotic treatment, and length of hospital stay. There was no significant reduction (P < .05) of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay. CRP, prehospital antibiotic treatment, antibiotic treatment, past medical history, age, and further pathogen detection showed a significant impact on antibiotic therapy, duration of antibiotic treatment, and length of hospital stay.ConclusionThe use of the FA did not result in a significant reduction of antibiotic treatment or in length of hospital stay. Other parameters had a more significant impact. Therefore, we suggest that standard operation procedures with therapy guidelines are necessary to provide an effective application of POCT systems.
Nutrient removal by alginate‐immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: response to different wastewater matrices
Authors: Kube Matthew , Spedding Ben , Gao Li , Fan Linhua , Roddick Felicity 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDImmobilized algae are a promising tool to treat wastewater within a short time (<12 h) and simplify biomass harvesting compared with suspended algae. The potential of alginate‐entrapped Chlorella vulgaris to bioremediate secondary (with and without nutrient supplementation), primary and two lagoon municipal wastewaters was investigated. The capability of the system to adapt to these wastewaters was analysed by determining biotic and abiotic nutrient removal, and further evaluated by comparison with suspended cells.RESULTSThe algal nitrogen (N) content (4.6–7.8 wt%) was closely related to the wastewater ammonium concentration (R2 = 0.97). The algal cells did not adapt N uptake as effectively to wastewater nitrate concentration because both abiotic N and phosphorus (P) removal increased. The algal P content (1.2–3.2 wt%) varied in response to the wastewater P and was inversely related to the initial cellular P content. The algae thus adapted nutrient uptake to the wastewater N:P level and ratio when ammonium predominated. Biomass production (35–73 mg L‐1 d‐1) increased with dissolved organic and inorganic carbon with little impact from other wastewater characteristics. Immobilization did not affect N and P uptake per cell compared with suspended algae.CONCLUSIONDecoupling biotic and abiotic removal showed adaptation to the N:P of the wastewater and luxury P uptake had significant impact during treatment of different wastewater matrices, these traits were not affected by immobilization. Immobilization enables increased N and P removal rates compared with suspended algal systems as nutrient uptake per cell is not affected and higher concentrations of algal biomass within the reactor are facilitated. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of peripheral eosinophilia in inflammatory bowel disease patients on infliximab treated at a tertiary pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center is associated with clinically active disease but does not result in loss of efficacy or adverse outcomes
Authors: Zabrowski Douglas , Abraham Danielle , Rosenthal Geoffrey , Kader Howard 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric anti‐tumor necrosis factor antibody used to treat moderate to severe IBD. Eosinophils are commonly found in chronically inflamed tissues in IBD. Peripheral eosinophilia (PE) was previously implicated as a marker of disease severity at diagnosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether in IBD patients on IFX, development of PE is associated with adverse outcomes and poor IFX efficacy.MethodsA comprehensive retrospective chart review of IBD patients on IFX (January 2006 to July 2015) treated at a tertiary pediatric IBD center was performed. Data was collected at time specified points over a 24 month period and included demographics, atopy, disease severity, development of PE, human antichimeric antibodies (HACA), infusion reactions, cancer, psoriasis, and loss of clinical response.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one IBD patients starting IFX (67 male), mean age of 12.4 years (range 4–22 years old), met inclusion criteria. Of them, 36.3% had ≥1 PE episode (CD: 25 male, 11 female; UC: 6 male, 2 female). Mean absolute eosinophil count (AEC) did not change over time. PE was associated with clinically active disease. Among patients who developed PE, adverse outcomes were not significantly different versus those who did not have PE.ConclusionsIn a cohort of primarily pediatric IBD patients on IFX, PE was associated with clinically active disease; however, PE was not related to increased incidence of adverse outcomes or loss of drug efficacy.
Utility of Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging for Guiding Clinical Management of Patients With Kidney Transplant: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ni Xuefeng , Wang Wei , Li Xue , Li Yanjun , Chen Jinsong , Shi Donghong , Wen Jiqiu 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAlthough biopsy is essential for the diagnosis and management of kidney transplant recipients, it is invasive. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI) is a noninvasive technique that can assess both capillary perfusion and tissue diffusion.PurposeTo evaluate the capability of IVIM‐DWI as a differentiation of kidney transplant patients who need clinical intervention from those who need not.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 33 kidney transplant patients who needed clinical intervention and 19 who need not.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T; IVIM‐DWI with a single‐shot echo planar imaging sequence.AssessmentAll patients underwent kidney transplant biopsy and IVIM‐DWI scans. Patients were dichotomized into those who needed clinical intervention (CHANGE group) and those who need not (Non‐CHANGE group) based on biopsy results. The values of total apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCT), diffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction (f) were acquired from renal cortex and medulla, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared.Statistical TestsIndependent Student's t‐test, receiver‐operating characteristic curve, and Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsAll the cortical and medullary DWI parameters in the CHANGE group were significantly lower than those in the Non‐CHANGE group (all P ≤ 0.012). Except for medullary fp, all DWI parameters in both the cortex and the medulla were inversely correlated with both the chronic (ρ ranging from –0.33 to –0.54, all P ≤ 0.02) and acute (ρ ranging from –0.35 to –0.60, all P ≤ 0.01) composite scores. Cortical ADCT and D had the largest AUC and specificity of 0.84 and 75.8%, respectively. Combined use of cortical D and medullary fp at each optimal cutoff point yielded a specificity of 90.9%.Data ConclusionDWI demonstrated potential as a noninvasive biomarker to allow the stratification of patients into categories in which kidney allograft biopsy results are or are not likely to change clinical management.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:565–574.
Soil incubation study showed biogas digestate to cause higher and more variable short‐term N2O and N2 fluxes than mineral‐N
Authors: Buchen-Tschiskale Caroline , Hagemann Ulrike , Augustin Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractToday, a large share of mineral fertilizer is substituted by biogas digestates. Biogas digestates are known to promote N2O production, compared to mineral fertilizer. In particular, the initial phase following fertilizer application is crucial for the N gas release as N2O and also N2. However, this period impact has been rarely investigated, especially not across various field sites. Thus, undisturbed soil cores from two fertilizer types (biogas digestate vs. mineral fertilizer) at five sites with different site characteristics were investigated in a short‐term laboratory experiment under N2‐free helium–oxygen incubation atmosphere. Across sites, biogas digestate soil cores showed significantly higher absolute N2O fluxes compared to mineral fertilizer soil cores, even though this effect was dominated by samples from one site (Dornburg with the highest biogas digestate fertilization rate). Also relative N2O fluxes showed a similar tendency. On average, absolute and relative N2 fluxes differed between the two fertilizer types, while N2 fluxes were highest at the Dornburg site. A N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio of denitrification below or equal to 0.5 clearly highlighted the importance of N2O reduction to N2 for three of five the biogas digestate soil cores. Soil characteristics like bulk density and water‐filled pore space as proxies for gas diffusivity in soil, as well as N availability (
,
), significantly affected the N2O and N2 fluxes from the biogas digestate soil cores. While this study presents data on short‐term N2O and N2 fluxes, there is a need for further studies in order to investigate the dynamics, the duration of the observed effects and their significance at the field scale.
Carbonization of Carboxylate‐Functionalized Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for Water Treatment
Authors: Jeon Jun Woo , Kim Hee Joong , Jung Kyung Hwa , Lee Jinyoung , Kim Yong Seok , Kim Byoung Gak , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsidering the variations in their pore characteristics and heterogeneity, the carbonization process of carboxylate‐functionalized polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐COOH) is investigated and the resulted membranes are tested for water treatment. The four distinct types of sub‐nanosized membranes with different oxygen‐to‐carbon ratios are prepared at four different temperatures: the pristine polymer membrane, crosslinked membrane via thermal decarboxylation, amorphous carbon membrane, and graphitic carbon membrane. Notably, the sub‐1 nm micropores of all the heat‐treated samples that do not exhibit a broadening pore size distribution are still retained. Nanofiltration performance is investigated using an aqueous MgSO4 solution (2000 ppm), pure water, and a series of the defect‐free, sub‐1 nm microporous membranes. While retaining the salt rejection, the water flux of the membranes increases with the pyrolysis temperature owing to their low friction property.
A reconfigurable Bessel antenna for near‐field beam deflection
Authors: Lu Ping , Cheng Fei , Yang Yang , Zhang Bing , Huang Kama 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis letter presents a reconfigurable leaky‐wave antenna for near‐field beam manipulation. The proposed antenna is based on a radial waveguide and a reconfigurable capacitive sheet, which is divided into four regions. To realize the reconfigurability, PIN diodes are electrically soldered to the gap between the adjacent patches in the upper surface except for the isolation zone, where no diodes are printed. By switching the states of PIN diodes in each region by turns, wavenumbers with two different azimuths are generated, thus the near‐field beam deflection can be achieved in different regions. By using the Genetic Algorithm, the PIN diodes are optimally deployed for realizing high antenna efficiency. The simulated (measured) results show that with the implementation of the reconfigurable capacitive sheet results in a near‐field beam scanning property. The beam deflection at a tilted angle of 17.4° (16.2°) can be achieved in different regions.
A two‐dimensional quasi‐optical system design method with low cross‐polarization based on Gaussian beam mode analysis
Authors: Chen Tianyang , Yao Yuan , Chen Xiaodong , Liu Xiaoming , Yu Junsheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the design of quasi‐optical systems, the cross‐polarization introduced by off‐axis mirrors is a major concern to us. By Gaussian beam mode analysis (GBMA), the electric field could be predicted precisely with this factor. In this study, we present some significant expressions and a method based on the energy of modes to analyze the influence of design parameters such as the distance between two objects and the incident angles of beams on the cross‐polarization level of a two‐dimensional (2D) multi‐reflector system with a feed containing cross‐polarization. Finally, combining these discussions, an innovative 2D quasi‐optical system design algorithm with low cross‐polarization based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed considering various system variables. In order to verify the validity and accuracy of our method, we compare the results of our approach and physical optics (PO) in the commercial software package GRASP10 with the example of a double ellipsoidal mirror system.
Wideband slow phase loaded inductor‐composite right/left‐handed transmission line for compact UWB power divider
Authors: Daw Ahmed. F. , Abdalla Mahmoud A. , El‐Henawy Hadya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article introduces analysis of the new configuration; inductor loaded left‐handed composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line ((L‐CRLH TL). Compared to conventional CRLH and dual CRLH, this configuration has the advantage of very slow phase (almost constant) and nonlinear propagation coefficient which enables it to be very effective in designing compact size and ultra‐wideband (UWB) microwave components. The theoretical and circuit model of the L‐CRLH TL is discussed. As an application, a compact UWB (3.1‐10.6 GHz) L‐CRLH power divider is designed using only one L‐CRLH cell with size of 2.7 × 8.6 mm2 whereas the whole power divider photoprint is 12.14 × 18.83 mm2. The size is 58.5% smaller compared to the conventional narrow band T‐junction power divider designed at the mid frequency. The results reveal good insertion losses (3.2 ± 0.2 dB for both S21 and S31), and good return losses (better than 10 dB within the passband).
Tandem Molecular Dynamics and Continuum Studies of Shock‐Induced Pore Collapse in TATB
Authors: Zhao Puhan , Lee Sangyup , Sewell Tommy , Udaykumar H. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAll‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) and Eulerian continuum simulations, performed using the LAMMPS and SCIMITAR3D codes, respectively, were used to study thermo‐mechanical aspects of the shock‐induced collapse of an initially cylindrical 50 nm diameter pore in single crystals of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB). Three impact speeds, 0.5 km s−1, 1.0 km s−1 and 2.0 km s−1, were used to generate the shocks. These impact conditions are expected to yield collapse mechanisms ranging from predominantly visco‐plastic to hydrodynamic. For the MD studies, three crystal orientations (relative to shock‐propagation direction) were examined that span the limiting cases with respect to the crystalline anisotropy in TATB. An isotropic constitutive model was used for the continuum simulations, thus crystal anisotropy is absent. The evolution of spatiotemporally resolved quantities during collapse is reported including local pressure, temperature, pore size and shape, and material flow. Multiple models for the melting curve and specific heat were studied. Within the isotropic elastic/perfectly plastic continuum framework and for the range of impact conditions studied, the specific heat and melting curve sub‐models are shown to have modest effects on the continuum hotspot predictions in the present inert calculation. Treating the MD predictions as ‘ground truth’, albeit with a classical rather than quantum‐like heat capacity, it is clear that – at a minimum – an extension of the constitutive model to account for crystal plasticity and anisotropic strength will be required for a high‐fidelity continuum description.