bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical proteomics for prostate cancer: understanding prostate cancer pathology and protein biomarkers for improved disease management
Authors: Tonry Claire , Finn Stephen , Armstrong John , Pennington Stephen R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing the introduction of routine Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening in the early 1990′s, Prostate Cancer (PCa) is often detected at an early stage. There are also a growing number of treatment options available and so the associated mortality rate is generally low. However, PCa is an extremely complex and heterogenous disease and many patients suffer disease recurrence following initial therapy. Disease recurrence commonly results in metastasis and metastatic PCa has an average survival rate of just 3–5 years. A significant problem in the clinical management of PCa is being able to differentiate between patients who will respond to standard therapies and those who may benefit from more aggressive intervention at an earlier stage. It is also acknowledged that for many men the disease is not life threatenting. Hence, there is a growing desire to identify patients who can be spared the significant side effects associated with PCa treatment until such time (if ever) their disease progresses to the point where treatment is required. To these important clinical needs, current biomarkers and clinical methods for patient stratification and personlised treatment are insufficient. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the complexities of PCa pathology and disease management. In this context it is possible to review current biomarkers and proteomic technologies that will support development of biomarker-driven decision tools to meet current important clinical needs. With such an in-depth understanding of disease pathology, the development of novel clinical biomarkers can proceed in an efficient and effective manner, such that they have a better chance of improving patient outcomes.
Serum hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase as an early predictive marker of the severity of acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Xiao Weiming , Liu Weili , Yin Ling , Li Yong , Lu Guotao , Liu Xinnong , Gong Weijuan , Ding Yanbing , Wang Mei , Yan Zhigang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the value of serum hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) level, an isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase, in evaluating the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods
Patients diagnosed with AP from January 2013 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the normal serum HBDH levels group (n-HBDH group) and the high serum HBDH levels group (h-HBDH group) according to the criteria HBDH ≥ 182 U/L after admission. The demographic parameters, laboratory data and the severity of AP in the two groups were compared. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of serum HBDH in predicting persistent organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Results
A total of 260 AP patients were enrolled, including 176 cases in the n-HBDH group and 84 cases in the h-HBDH group. The incidence of SIRS and organ failure in the h-HBDH group were significantly higher than those in n-HBDH group (both P < 0.001). In addition, the HBDH level was significantly decreased in 110 patients who were re-measured after AP treatment. The serum HBDH levels were positively correlated with Atlanta classification, Ranson score, and BISAP score (all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that a serum HBDH cut-off point of 195.0 U/L had optimal predictive value for the development of persistent organ failure (AUC = 0.778) and 166.5 U/L for the development of SIRS (AUC = 0.724).

Conclusion
The elevated serum HBDH in early stage of AP is closely related to the adverse prognosis of AP patients, which can be used as a potential early biomarker for predicting the severity of AP.
Characteristics of resting-state functional connectivity in older adults after the PICMOR intervention program: a preliminary report
Authors: Sugimoto Hikaru , Kawagoe Toshikazu , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to provide a basis for future research examining the neural mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effect of an intervention program, Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR), on verbal fluency in older adults as identified in our previous randomized controlled trial. In this preliminary report, we conducted an additional experiment using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) after the intervention period. Specifically, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) characteristics of the intervention group (INT) compared to the control group (CONT).

Methods
rsfMRI data were acquired from 31 and 30 participants in INT and CONT, respectively, after the intervention. In the analyses, two of the most important regions in verbal fluency, the left inferior and middle frontal gyri, were selected as seed regions, and the rsFCs were compared between groups. We also conducted regression analyses for rsFCs using the difference in individual phonemic verbal fluency task (PVFT) scores between the pre- and post-intervention periods (i.e., post- minus pre-intervention) as an independent variable.

Results
We found higher rsFC in INT than in CONT between the left inferior frontal gyrus as a seed region and the temporal pole and middle frontal gyrus. The rsFC strength between the left inferior frontal gyrus and temporal pole positively correlated with an increased PVFT score between the pre- and post-intervention periods. In contrast, we found lower rsFC in INT than in CONT between the left middle frontal gyrus as a seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and postcentral gyrus.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the beneficial intervention effect of PICMOR on verbal fluency is characterized by enhanced rsFC of the left inferior frontal gyrus with semantic and executive control-related regions and suppressed rsFC between the left middle frontal gyrus and posterior cortical midline structures. No definitive conclusions can be made because of a lack of rsfMRI data before the intervention. However, this pilot study provides the candidates for rsFCs, reflecting the beneficial effects of PICMOR on the brain network involved in verbal fluency.

Trial registration
The trial was retrospectively registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000036667) (May 7th, 2019).
Clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese population: a single institution retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fukumoto Chonji , Ogisawa Shouhei , Tani Masashi , Hyodo Toshiki , Kamimura Ryouta , Sawatani Yuta , Hasegawa Tomonori , Komiyama Yuske , Fujita Atsushi , Wakui Takahiro , Haruyama Yasuo , Kobashi Gen , Kawamata Hitoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The status of oral cancer therapy in elderly patients in Japan, where ageing is rapidly progressing, may serve as a model for other countries with similar demographics. There is controversy over what kind of treatment should be applied and how aggressively it should be applied to very elderly patients who have exceeded the average life expectancy. Given that 85 years is approximately the overall Japanese life expectancy at birth, we considered a threshold of 85 years and hypothesized that the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients aged ≥85 years was not inferior to that of those < 85 years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and prognoses of Japanese oral SCC patients aged ≥85 years.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed. The data of patients with primary oral SCC (n = 358) from 2005 to 2018 in our institute were extracted from electronic medical records. A total of 358 patients with oral SCC were divided into two groups (≥85 years group [n = 26] and < 85 years group [n = 332]) based on the age threshold of 85 years at the first visit. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse overall survival (OS) and hazard ratios (HRs) according to age group, treatment, and TNM classification.

Results
There was no difference in the 5-year OS rate between the ≥85 years and < 85 years groups (80.8% vs. 82.2%, P = 0.359). This finding was the same in the operative (94.7% vs. 85.8%, P = 0.556) and non-operative (42.9% vs. 33.2%, P = 0.762) groups, indicating that age did not affect prognosis. Mortality was lower in the operative group than in the non-operative group (adjusted HR: 0.276, 95% CI: 0.156–0.489, P < 0.001), suggesting that surgery is a superior method. However, non-surgical treatment was selected at a higher rate in the ≥85 years group (26.9% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.028).

Conclusions
This study suggests the prognosis of ≥85-year-old patients was not inferior to that of < 85-year-old patients. We recommend that surgery as the first choice treatment for ≥85-year-old patients with oral SCC who can tolerate surgery should be performed.
Consistency between optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field for evaluating glaucomatous defects in high myopic eyes
Authors: Wen Wen , Zhang Yuqiu , Zhang Ting , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The study is to investigate the influence of high myopia on the consistency between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods
We enrolled 37 patients with POAG with high myopia (POAG-HM group), 27 patients with POAG without high myopia (POAG group), and 29 controls with high myopia (HM group). All subjects underwent Humphrey perimetry (30–2 and 10–2 algorithms). The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to determine correlations between OCT and perimetric parameters. Agreement was analyzed by cross-classification and weighted κ statistics.

Results
In POAG group, the cross-classification analysis showed strong agreement between the inferior temporal GCIPL thickness and the mean sensitivity (MS) of 10–2 algorithms (κ = 0.5447, P = 0.0048), and good agreement between the superior and inferior RNFL thicknesses and 30–2 MS (κ = 0.4407 and 0.4815; P < 0.05). In the POAG-HM group, only the inferior temporal GCIPL thickness showed good agreement with 10–2 MS (κ = 0.3155, P = 0.0289) and none of the RNFL sectors were in good agreement with the corresponding MS.

Conclusions
In POAG patients with high myopia, changes in macular measurements were in accordance with visual field defects, and RNFL thickness did not consistently decline with visual field defects due to the effects of high myopia. This study suggests that during diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma with high myopia, more attention need to be focused on structure and functional defects in macular areas.
Revisiting the epidemiology of pertussis in Canada, 1924–2015: a literature review, evidence synthesis, and modeling study
Authors: Thommes Edward , Wu Jianhong , Xiao Yanyu , Tomovici Antigona , Lee Jason , Chit Ayman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisease surveillance is central to the public health understanding of pertussis epidemiology. In Canada, public reporting practices have significantly changed over time, creating challenges in accurately characterizing pertussis epidemiology. Debate has emerged over whether pertussis resurged after the introduction of adsorbed pertussis vaccines (1981–1985), and if the incidence fell to its pre-1985 after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines (1997–1998). Here, we aim to assemble a unified picture of pertussis disease incidence in Canada.MethodsUsing publicly available pertussis surveillance reports, we collected, analyzed and presented Canadian pertussis data for the period (1924–2015), encompassing the pre-vaccine era, introduction of vaccine, changes to vaccine technology, and the introduction of booster doses. Information on age began to be reported since 1952, but age reporting practices (full, partial or no ages) have evolved over time, and varied across provinces/territories. For those cases reported without age each year, we impute an age distribution by assuming it follows that of the age-reported cases.ResultsBelow the age of 20 years, the adjusted age-specific incidence from 1969 to 1988 is substantially higher than existing estimates. In children < 1 year, the incidence in some years was comparable to that during the 1988–1999 resurgence.ConclusionsThe results presented here suggest that the surge in the average yearly incidence of pertussis that began in 1988 was weaker than previously inferred, and in contrary to the past findings, below age 5, the average yearly incidence of pertussis from 1999 to 2015 (when the incidence dropped again) has been lower than it was from 1969 to 1988.
Characteristics of non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia: variation in cancer location, histopathology, and frequency of postoperative acute exacerbations in interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Ogawa Kazumasa , Uruga Hironori , Fujii Takeshi , Fujimori Sakashi , Kohno Tadasu , Kurosaki Atsuko , Kishi Kazuma , Abe Shinji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported to develop in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP); however, clinical, radiological, and pathological features remain to be elucidated.

Methods
We retrieved the records of 120 consecutive NSCLC patients associated with IP who underwent surgery at Toranomon Hospital between June 2011 and May 2017. We classified the patients into three groups according to NSCLC location using high-resolution computed tomography: group A, within a fibrotic shadow and/or at the interface of a fibrotic shadow and normal lung; group B, within emphysematous tissue and/or at the interface of emphysematous tissue and normal lung; and group C, within normal lung. In 64 patients, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) status was assessed with immunohistostaining.

Results
Most of the patients (89; 70%) were classified as group A. This group tended to have squamous cell carcinoma with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). These cancers were located mainly in the lower lobes and seven of the eight postoperative acute exacerbations (pAE) of IP developed in this group. NSCLC in the group B were mainly squamous cell carcinomas located in the upper lobes. No patient with PD-L1 negative was classified into group B. None of the patients in group C showed UIP. and most of the cancers were adenocarcinoma. The frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive NSCLC was the highest in this group.

Conclusions
The three groups each showed characteristic features in terms of tumor location, histopathology, PD-L1 expression, and frequency of pAEof IP.
Autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT) impacts the murine microbiome after antibiotic perturbation
Authors: Draper Lorraine A. , Ryan Feargal J. , Dalmasso Marion , Casey Pat G. , McCann Angela , Velayudhan Vimalkumar , Ross R. Paul , Hill Colin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
It has become increasingly accepted that establishing and maintaining a complex and diverse gut microbiota is fundamental to human health. There are growing efforts to identify means of modulating and influencing the microbiota, especially in individuals who have experienced a disruption in their native microbiota. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one method that restores diversity to the microbiota of an individual by introducing microbes from a healthy donor. FMT introduces the total microbial load into the recipient, including the bacteria, archaea, yeasts, protists and viruses. In this study, we investigated whether an autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT), in the form of a sterile faecal filtrate, could impact the recovery of a bacteriome disrupted by antibiotic treatment.

Results
Following antibiotic disruption of the bacteriome, test mice received an FVT harvested prior to antibiotic treatment, while control mice received a heat- and nuclease-treated FVT. In both groups of mice, the perturbed microbiome reverted over time to one more similar to the pre-treatment one. However, the bacteriomes of mice that received an FVT, in which bacteriophages predominate, separated from those of the control mice as determined by principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA). Moreover, analysis of the differentially abundant taxa indicated a closer resemblance to the pre-treatment bacteriome in the test mice that had received an FVT. Similarly, metagenomic sequencing of the virome confirmed that faecal bacteriophages of FVT and control mice differed over time in both abundance and diversity, with the phages constituting the FVT persisting in mice that received them.

Conclusions
An autochthonous virome transfer reshaped the bacteriomes of mice post-antibiotic treatment such that they more closely resembled the pre-antibiotic microbiota profile compared to mice that received non-viable phages. Thus, FVT may have a role in addressing antibiotic-associated microbiota alterations and potentially prevent the establishment of post-antibiotic infection. Given that bacteriophages are biologically inert in the absence of their host bacteria, they could form a safe and effective alternative to whole microbiota transplants that could be delivered during/following perturbation of the gut flora.
The efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome—a meta-analysis of preclinical trials
Authors: Wang Fengyun , Fang Bin , Qiang Xinhua , Shao Jingsong , Zhou Lixin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The investigation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles (exosomes or microvesicles) as a remedy for acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has become a fast-growing field in recent years. Our purpose was to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of MSC-derived therapies (MDTs) for ALI/ARDS in animal models.

Methods
A meta-analysis of MDTs for ALI/ARDS in animal trials was performed. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to screen relevant preclinical trials with a predetermined search strategy.

Results
A total of 17 studies that compared MDT with the ALI control group were included in our study. The pooled result derived from the comparison of the two groups suggested that MDT could significantly reduce the lung injury score (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 4.02, 95% CI [− 5.28, − 2.23], P < 0.0001) and improve animal survival (OR = − 6.45, 95% CI [2.78, 14.97], P < 0.0001). MDT mitigated the infiltration of neutrophils in alveoli (SMD = − 3.38, 95% CI [− 4.58, − 2.18], P < 0.00001). MDT also reduced the wet-dry weight ratio of the lung (SMD = − 2.34, 95% CI [− 3.42, − 1.26], P < 0.0001) and the total protein in BALF (SMD = − 2.23, 95% CI [− 3.07, − 1.40], P < 0.00001). Furthermore, MDT was found to downregulate proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a and to upregulate anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10.

Conclusion
MDT reduces lung injury and improves survival in animal ARDS models since it can ameliorate lung permeability, decrease inflammatory cell infiltration, downregulate proinflammatory mediators, and upregulate anti-inflammatory mediators. However, more animal studies and human trials are needed for further investigation.
Reduced human-biting preferences of the African malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae in an urban context: controlled, competitive host-preference experiments in Tanzania
Authors: Mlacha Yeromin P. , Chaki Prosper P. , Muhili Athuman , Massue Dennis J. , Tanner Marcel , Majambere Silas , Killen Gerry F. , Govella Nicodem J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Host preference is a critical determinant of human exposure to vector-borne infections and the impact of vector control interventions. Widespread use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) across sub-Saharan Africa, which protect humans against mosquitoes, may select for altered host preference traits of malaria vectors over the long term. Here, the host preferences of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) were experimentally assessed in the field, using direct host-preference assays in two distinct ecological settings in Tanzania.

Methods
Eight Ifakara Tent Trap (ITT), four baited with humans and four with bovine calves, were simultaneously used to catch malaria vectors in open field sites in urban and rural Tanzania. The numbers of mosquitoes collected in human-baited traps versus calf-baited traps were used to estimate human feeding preference for each site's vector species.

Results
The estimated proportion [95% confidence interval (CI)] of mosquitoes attacking humans rather than cattle was 0.60 [0.40, 0.77] for An. arabiensis in the rural setting and 0.61 [0.32, 0.85] for An. gambiae s.s. in the urban setting, indicating no preference for either host in both cases (P = 0.32 and 0.46, respectively) and no difference in preference between the two (Odds Ratio (OR) [95%] = 0.95 [0.30, 3.01], P = 0.924). However, only a quarter of An. arabiensis in the urban setting attacked humans (0.25 [0.09, 0.53]), indicating a preference for cattle that approached significance (P = 0.08). Indeed, urban An. arabiensis were less likely to attack humans rather than cattle when compared to the same species in the rural setting (OR [95%] = 0.21 [0.05, 0.91], P = 0.037).

Conclusion
Urban An. arabiensis had a stronger preference for cattle than the rural population and urban An. gambiae s.s. showed no clear preference for either humans or cattle. In the urban setting, both species exhibited stronger tendencies to attack cattle than previous studies of the same species in rural contexts. Cattle keeping may, therefore, particularly limit the impact of human-targeted vector control interventions in Dar es Salaam and perhaps in other African towns and cities.