bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints and role of women in beef cattle farming to access financing in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi A , Nurlaelah S , Hastang  , Abdullah A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Beef cattle farming plays an important role in the fulfillment of meat for human needs, reducing poverty and unemployment in Indonesia. Although the role is very large, one of the challenges faced is the low accessibility of financing. This study was aimed to determine the constraints and roles faced by women to access financing in the beef cattle farming. Data were collected through a survey using questionnaires with a sample size of 80 people. This was descriptive research and used descriptive statistical analysis. The result revealed that the greater workload of women in housekeeping and relatively small time allocations and autonomy in determining financing decisions is a constraint faced by women. The role of women were the contributor, in giving consideration whether need to be financed with debt or not, able to control the risk of financing because women are usually more careful in making decisions related; Collaborators, women collaborate with their husbands in managing livestock conducted, while still taking care of household chores and family activities, participate in decisions and use of resources and assets, it is rare to find women who have a small side business that can sustain business capacity, and; Main Proprietor, her own income-generating in beef cattle farming, which she manages and controls herself, provides input to family financial decisions and asset use.
Obstacles in the application of beef cattle insurance in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Pratiwi N A , Sirajuddin S N , Asnawi A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cattle Business Insurance is one of the important programs to support the livestock sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the farmers’ perceptions of the time of cattle business insurance claims in Gowa. This research was conducted in April 2019 which was located in Gowa Regency. The population in this study is the largest number of farmers who have participated in the cattle insurance program as many as 69 farmers. The results showed that the claim time is the biggest obstacle to the implementation of cattle business insurance because the time given is very short while the number of requirements that should be completed. The conclusion of this study is the farmers’ perceptions of the time the cattle business insurance claims are in the District, including a major obstacle for farmers.
Identification of breeder’s capacity on adoption technology in university profit-sharing partnerships in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency
Authors: Qinayah M , Sirajuddin S N , Asnawi A , Alwi N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify the capacity of breeders who conduct profit-sharing partnerships with Hasanuddin University in the development of beef cattle to increase the utilization of existing resources, namely rice straw waste and livestock manure in order to have added value through processing technology innovations and can contribute to increasing business productivity. The study was located in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency. Determination of the location was carried out deliberately (purposive) with the consideration that in the area was the location of beef cattle breeding centers which were managed by Hasanuddin University together with the Regional Government of Barru Regency. Determination of breeders as respondents using proportional cluster random sampling with a total of 39 breeders. Research data were collected by conducting a survey using data collection techniques, namely interviews using questionnaires, as well as in-depth interviews (in-depth study) to several key informants. Data analysis is descriptive statistics using a frequency distribution table. The results showed that breeders (respondents) had known the technology of fermentation of rice straw waste and beef cattle waste. However, it turns out breeders do not know well about the technology. It can be seen that breeders applying technology are still low.
Considerations for development of pharmacy support models for COVID-19 alternate care sites
Authors: Nelsen Greg , Pigott Heidi , Hopkinson Caleb , Formea Christine M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Guidance on alternate care site planning based on the experience of a health-system pharmacy department in preparing for an expected surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is provided.

Summary
In disaster response situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare institutions may be compelled to transition to a contingency care model in which staffing and supply levels are no longer consistent with daily practice norms and, while usual patient care practices are maintained, establishment of alternate care sites (eg, a convention center) may be necessitated by high patient volumes. Available resources to assist hospitals and health systems in alternate care site planning include online guidance posted within the COVID-19 resources section of the US Army Corps of Engineers website, which provides recommended medication and supply lists; and the Federal Healthcare Resilience Task Force’s alternate care site toolkit, a comprehensive resource for all aspects of alternate care site planning, including pharmacy services. Important pharmacy planning issues include security and storage of drugs, state board of pharmacy and Drug Enforcement Administration licensing considerations, and staff credentialing, education, and training. Key medication management issues to be addressed in alternate site care planning include logistical challenges of supply chain maintenance, optimal workflow for compounded sterile preparations (eg, on-site preparation vs off-site preparation and delivery from a nearby hospital), and infusion pump availability and suitability to patient acuity levels.

Conclusion
Planning for and operation of alternate care sites in disaster response situations should include involvement of pharmacists in key decision-making processes at the earliest planning stages.
Direct fluorescence imaging of lignocellulosic and suberized cell walls in roots and stems
Authors: Kitin Peter , Nakaba Satoshi , Hunt Christopher G , Lim Sierin , Funada Ryo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvestigating plant structure is fundamental in botanical science and provides crucial knowledge for the theories of plant evolution, ecophysiology and for the biotechnological practices. Modern plant anatomy often targets the formation, localization and characterization of cellulosic, lignified or suberized cell walls. While classical methods developed in the 1960s are still popular, recent innovations in tissue preparation, fluorescence staining and microscopy equipment offer advantages to the traditional practices for investigation of the complex lignocellulosic walls. Our goal is to enhance the productivity and quality of microscopy work by focusing on quick and cost-effective preparation of thick sections or plant specimen surfaces and efficient use of direct fluorescent stains. We discuss popular histochemical microscopy techniques for visualization of cell walls, such as autofluorescence or staining with calcofluor, Congo red (CR), fluorol yellow (FY) and safranin, and provide detailed descriptions of our own approaches and protocols. Autofluorescence of lignin in combination with CR and FY staining can clearly differentiate between lignified, suberized and unlignified cell walls in root and stem tissues. Glycerol can serve as an effective clearing medium as well as the carrier of FY for staining of suberin and lipids allowing for observation of thick histological preparations. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of all cell types together with chemical information by wide-field fluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was achieved.
Validation Study of a German Cognitive Battery for Huntington’s Disease: Relationship Between Cognitive Performance, Functional Decline, and Disease Burden
Authors: Mühlbäck Alžbeta , Frank Wiebke , Klempířová Olga , Bezdíček Ondřej , Schmitt Lena , Hofstetter Nina , Landwehrmeyer G Bernhard , Klempíř Jiří 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive decline is a key characteristic of Huntington’s disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a cognitive battery with six tests used by most HD research centers to assess cognitive impairment in HD.

Method
In total, 106 HD patients in different disease stages with more (HD-CD, N = 30) and less cognitive impairments (HD-NC, N = 70) and 100 healthy controls (NC) were matched by age, sex, and education and were examined using a standardized protocol including cognitive, motor, and functional assessments.

Results
One-way between-groups analysis of variance showed that controls performed significantly better than HD patients and that HD-NC significantly outperformed HD-CD patients in all cognitive tests (NC &gt; HD-NC &gt; HD-CD), with all Games-Howell post-hoc tests p &lt; .001. Analyses using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) disclosed the diagnostic accuracy of all tests included in the battery to discriminate between NC and HD patients with AUC ranging from 0.809 to 0.862 (all p &lt; .001) and between HD-CD and HD-NC patients with AUC ranging from 0.833 to 0.899 (all p &lt; .001). In both analysis, Stroop Color Naming Test showed the highest discriminative potential. Additional analyses showed that cognitive deficits in all domains progressed with disease duration. Moreover, cognitive performance correlated with the severity of motor and functional impairment (all p &lt; .001) and with the Disease Burden Score regardless of disease duration and age.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the cognitive battery is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive impairment in HD.
Blood Impairs Viability of Fat Grafts and Adipose Stem Cells: Importance of Washing in Fat Processing
Authors: Jin Shengyang , Yang Zhibin , Han Xuefeng , Li Facheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Fat processing plays a pivotal role in graft survival. Each component of the blood in lipoaspirate affects fat survival in different ways, but the mechanisms are not clear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate, by various experimental methods, the effect of blood on the viability of fat grafts and adipose stem cells (ASCs).

Methods
Blood and fat samples were obtained from 6 female patients undergoing aesthetic liposuction. For the in vivo experiment, we compared fat mixed with normal saline or various ratios of blood in nude mice. The samples were explanted at 2 and 8 weeks to evaluate the gross volume retention and histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. For in vitro experiments, ASCs were pretreated with hemoglobin at different concentrations and for different times. We then assessed the proliferation, migration, adipogenesis, and reactive oxygen species production of ASCs.

Results
Blood in the graft led to a decrease in graft viability, as evaluated by general observation and histologic and immunohistochemical morphology in vivo. In vitro experiments showed inhibited proliferation, migration, and adipogenesis, and increased reactive oxygen species production in ACSs, after hemoglobin treatment, suggesting impaired ASC viability.

Conclusions
This study suggests that blood impairs the viability of fat grafts and ASCs and provides evidence that washing to remove blood is important in fat processing.
Microbiota-associated Risk Factors for Clostridioides difficile Acquisition in Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective, Multicentric Study
Authors: Solbach Philipp , Chhatwal Patrick , Woltemate Sabrina , Tacconelli Evelina , Buhl Michael , Autenrieth Ingo B , Vehreschild Maria J G T , Jazmati Nathalie , Gerhard Markus , Stein-Thoeringer Christoph K , Rupp Jan , Ulm Kurt , Ott Armin , Lasch Florian , Koch Armin , Manns Michael P , Suerbaum Sebastian , Bachmann Oliver 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Asymptomatic C. difficile colonization is believed to predispose to subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI). While emerging insights into the role of the commensal microbiota in mediating colonization resistance against C. difficile have associated CDI with specific microbial components, corresponding prospectively collected data on colonization with C. difficile are largely unavailable.

Methods
C. difficile status was assessed by GDH EIA and real-time PCR targeting the toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) genes. 16S V3 and V4 gene sequencing results from fecal samples of patients tested positive for C. difficile were analyzed by assessing alpha and beta diversity, LefSe, and the Piphillin functional inference approach to estimate functional capacity.

Results
1506 patients were recruited into a prospective observational study (DRKS00005335) upon admission into one of five academic hospitals. 936 of them provided fecal samples on admission and at discharge and were thus available for longitudinal analysis. Upon hospital admission, 5.5% (83/1506) and 3.7% (56/1506) of patients were colonized with toxigenic (TCD) and non-toxigenic C. difficile (NTCD), respectively. During hospitalization, 1.7% (16/936) acquired TCD. Risk factors for acquisition of TCD included pre-existing lung diseases, lower GI endoscopy and antibiotics. Species protecting against hospital-related C. difficile acquisition included Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococcus spp. Metagenomic pathway analysis identified steroid biosynthesis as the most underrepresented metabolic pathway in patients who later acquire C. difficile colonization.

Conclusions
Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococci were associated with a decreased risk of C. difficile acquisition.

Clinical Trials Registration
DRKS00005335.
The Long-term Impact of Preventative Public Health Programs
Authors: Hoehn-Velasco Lauren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper estimates the long-term impact of childhood exposure to a preventative public health programme on adult human capital. From 1908 to 1933, local governments in the United States instituted county-level health departments (CHDs) that provided preventative health services geared towards children. This paper estimates the long-term benefits of childhood exposure to this public programme using variation in CHD location, timing and age of exposure. CHD operation before the age of 5 increases men’s later-life earnings by 2% to 5%. Exposed boys not only perform better than later- and never-treated groups, but, after adding household fixed effects, exposed men earn more than their brothers.
Studying the behaviour of fishes in the sea at Loch Torridon, Scotland
Authors: Hawkins Anthony , Chapman Colin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the early 1960s, the Marine Laboratory Aberdeen began to examine the behaviour of fish in relation to mobile fishing gears. We were asked to investigate the role of sound in fish behaviour. We decided that our experimental work had to be done in the sea, as under “free-field” conditions the acoustic stimuli could be accurately presented and monitored. We located a suitable site at Loch Torridon and set up a field station there. We carried out unique experiments on the hearing of fishes, their behavioural responses to different sound stimuli, and the sounds made by the fishes themselves. Work was also carried out on the reflection of sounds by fishes, the noise made by fishing vessels and other sources, and the movements and foraging activity rhythms of Atlantic cod. The cod generally showed limited movements within defined home ranges. A large number of scientific papers were written, many of them in collaboration with scientists from other institutes, and other countries. This paper considers the lessons learned from our work, and especially the advantages of observing fish behaviour and carrying out experiments on fishes in the sea. We learned that the sound in the sea was very important to fishes, both the natural sounds, some of which they produce themselves, and sounds made by humans, which could have adverse effects upon them. We hope that this review will encourage a new generation of scientists to carry out field work, similar to ours, in other areas. Since our work, there has been a large increase in anthropogenic noise, particularly from offshore energy sources, but very little work has been done to help regulate and mitigate their effects upon fishes.
Outcomes following aortic valve procedures in 201 complex congenital heart disease cases—results from the UK National Audit
Authors: Dorobantu Dan M , Visan Alexandru C , Tulloh Robert M R , Gonzalez-Barlatay Francisco , Caputo Massimo , Stoica Serban C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Some patients with complex congenital heart disease (cCHD) also require aortic valve (AoV) procedures. These cases are considered high risk but their outcome has not been well characterized. We aim to describe these scenarios in the current practice, and provide outcome data for counselling and decision-making.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study using the UK National Congenital Heart Disease Audit data on cCHD patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, balloon dilation (balloon aortic valvuloplasty) or surgical repair (surgical aortic valve repair) between 2000 and 2012. Coarsened exact matching was used to pair cCHD with patients undergoing AoV procedures for isolated valve disease.

RESULTS
A total of 201 patients with a varied spectrum of cCHD undergoing 242 procedures were included, median age 9.4 years (1 day–65 years). Procedure types were: balloon aortic valvuloplasty (n = 31, 13%), surgical aortic valve repair (n = 57, 24%) and aortic valve replacement (n = 154, 63%). Mortality at 30 days was higher in neonates (21.8% vs 5.3%, P = 0.02). Survival at 10 years was 83.1%, freedom from aortic valve replacement 83.8% and freedom from balloon aortic valvuloplasty/surgical aortic valve repair 86.3%. Neonatal age (P &lt; 0.001), single ventricle (P = 0.08), concomitant Fontan/Glenn (P = 0.002) or aortic arch procedures (0.02) were associated with higher mortality. cCHD patients had lower survival at 30 days (93% vs 100%, P = 0.003) and at 10 years (86.4% vs 96.1%, P = 0.005) compared to matched isolated AoV disease patients.

CONCLUSIONS
AoV procedures in cCHD can be performed with good results outside infancy, but with higher mortality than in isolated AoV disease. Neonates and patients with single ventricle defects, especially those undergoing concomitant Fontan/Glenn, have worse outcomes.
Social determinants of health in electronic health records and their impact on analysis and risk prediction: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Min , Tan Xuan , Padman Rema 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
This integrative review identifies and analyzes the extant literature to examine the integration of social determinants of health (SDoH) domains into electronic health records (EHRs), their impact on risk prediction, and the specific outcomes and SDoH domains that have been tracked.

Materials and Methods
In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a literature search in the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases for English language studies published until March 2020 that examined SDoH domains in the context of EHRs.

Results
Our search strategy identified 71 unique studies that are directly related to the research questions. 75% of the included studies were published since 2017, and 68% were U.S.-based. 79% of the reviewed articles integrated SDoH information from external data sources into EHRs, and the rest of them extracted SDoH information from unstructured clinical notes in the EHRs. We found that all but 1 study using external area-level SDoH data reported minimum contribution to performance improvement in the predictive models. In contrast, studies that incorporated individual-level SDoH data reported improved predictive performance of various outcomes such as service referrals, medication adherence, and risk of 30-day readmission. We also found little consensus on the SDoH measures used in the literature and current screening tools.

Conclusions
The literature provides early and rapidly growing evidence that integrating individual-level SDoH into EHRs can assist in risk assessment and predicting healthcare utilization and health outcomes, which further motivates efforts to collect and standardize patient-level SDoH information.
Turbidimetric Method: A Multi-Advantageous Option for Assessing the Potency of Ceftriaxone Sodium in Powder for Injection
Authors: da Trindade Mariana Teixeira , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Ceftriaxone sodium, an antimicrobial used in parenteral form, does not have a microbiological method by turbidimetry described in the literature. For drugs from antimicrobial class, the existence of a microbiological method for assessing their potency is essential. Not only are the results from the physical-chemical methods enough, but microbiological analyzes are also necessary.

Objective and Methods
Thus, this paper reports the development and validation of an efficient, accurate, reproducible, fast, and low-cost microbiological assay by turbidimetry to quantify ceftriaxone sodium in powder for injection. Water was used as the diluent to prepare the ceftriaxone solutions. BHI broth as used as culture media for the growth of the S. aureus ATCC 6538 at 9%.

Results
The method was linear in the range of 100–196 µg/mL, selective against the sample adjuvants and the forced degradation test, precise (intraday RSD 4.53%, interday RSD 3.85% and between analysts tcalculated 0.14 &lt; 2.23 tcritical), accurate with recovery of 100.33% and robust against minor changes in the volume of culture medium used, wavelength, incubation time, and inoculum concentration.

Conclusions and Highlights
The turbidimetric method developed in this paper is a convenient and valuable alternative to the routine quality control of ceftriaxone sodium in powder for injection, since it allows a reliable quantification and can be used to complement the physical-chemical analysis.