bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia: Management and Associated Outcomes—A Scoping Review
Authors: Dewan Karuna , Santa Maria Chloe , Noel Julia 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThere is little consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of treatment options for cricopharyngeal (CP) achalasia. The purpose of this scoping review is to assess the literature regarding the various treatments for this disease.Data SourcesPubMed was searched for all articles addressing treatment of adult CP achalasia between January 1990 and June 2019.Review MethodsIn total, 351 peer‐reviewed results were reviewed by 3 otolaryngologists for inclusion. After review of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 60 articles were selected.ResultsAmong included studies, 55% were retrospective and 45% were prospective. Forty‐five percent of studies were case series. CP achalasia etiologies included idiopathic (28%), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (28%), neurologic disease (17%), head and neck radiation treatment (11%), Zenker’s diverticulum (10%), and myositis (5%). Most commonly employed treatments were botulinum toxin injection (40%), endoscopic CP myotomy (30%), dilation with either balloon or bougie (25%), and open CP myotomy (15%). A proportion of patients were treated with more than 1 approach. Most studies included both subjective and objective outcome measures. Complications were reported most often in patients with a history of head and neck radiation.ConclusionsSmall sample sizes and heterogeneity of causes and treatments of CP achalasia, as well as short duration of follow‐up, make it challenging to assess the superiority of one treatment over another. There is a need for a prospective study that more directly compares outcomes of administration of botulinum toxin, dilation, and CP myotomy in patients with CP achalasia of similar etiologies.
Meta‐analysis Exploring Sinopulmonary Outcomes of Aspirin Desensitization in Aspirin‐Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Moffatt David , Wright Alex E. , Cowthran James A. , Hsu En Shuo , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the sinopulmonary outcomes of aspirin desensitization through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesEmbase and OVID Medline databases.Review MethodsA systematic review of published articles on outcomes following aspirin desensitization in any language for relevant articles was performed in February 2019. Outcomes included sinonasal quality‐of‐life assessment, sense‐of‐smell scores, FEV‐1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), and medication/steroid use.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria out of 6055 articles screened. Aspirin desensitization resulted in significant improvement in FEV‐1 and reduction in asthma medication/steroid use (P <. 05). There was no significant improvement in the sinonasal quality of life of patients who underwent aspirin desensitization (P =. 098).ConclusionAspirin desensitization appears to be effective in improving pulmonary outcomes and should be considered in the treatment of patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease. However, good‐quality studies are still needed to determine the ideal protocol tailored to individual patients.
Identifying Type III Sulcus: Patient Characteristics and Endoscopic Findings
Authors: Varelas Eleni A. , Paddle Paul M. , Franco Ramon A. , Husain Inna A. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveType III sulcus is a pathologic structural deformity of the vocal folds that is challenging to accurately diagnose without endoscopic examination under anesthesia. This study aims to further define the clinical presentation and examination features shared among a patient cohort intraoperatively diagnosed with type III sulcus.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary laryngology practice.Subjects and MethodsAll patients diagnosed intraoperatively with type III sulcus from 2002 to 2014 at a tertiary laryngology practice were included. Clinical history of presenting symptoms, videostroboscopy, and intraoperative and histologic findings were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in the study. A majority were female (77%) and had a mean age of 32.4 years. All patients endorsed hoarseness, and 86% were defined as professional voice users. Endoscopic examination revealed bilateral type III sulcus in 23% of patients. The most common preoperative stroboscopic findings included decreased mucosal wave (100%), dilated vessel (95%), phase asymmetry (91%), additional benign lesion (91%), and cyst (82%). Histology revealed epithelial changes of atypia and keratosis.ConclusionBoth the severity of dysphonia and the difficulty observing structural malformations of the vocal folds make type III sulcus challenging to preoperatively diagnose. This study reports the clinical and endoscopic features seen within a cohort of patients with type III sulcus.
Management of COVID-19 Response in a Secure Forensic Mental Health Setting: Réponse à la gestion de la COVID-19 dans un établissement sécurisé de santé mentale et de psychiatrie légale
Authors: Simpson Alexander I. F. , Chatterjee Sumeeta , Darby Padraig , Jones Roland M. , Maheandiran Margaret , Penney Stephanie R. , Saccoccio Tania , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Wilkie Treena 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents major challenges to places of detention, including secure forensic hospitals. International guidance presents a range of approaches to assist in decreasing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks as well as responses to manage outbreaks of infection should they occur. Methods: We conducted a literature search on pandemic or outbreak management in forensic mental health settings, including gray literature sources, from 2000 to April 2020. We describe the evolution of a COVID-19 outbreak in our own facility, and the design, and staffing of a forensic isolation unit. Results: We found a range of useful guidance but no published experience of implementing these approaches. We experienced outbreaks of COVID-19 on two secure forensic units with 13 patients and 10 staff becoming positive. One patient died. The outbreaks lasted for 41 days on each unit from declaration to resolution. We describe the approaches taken to reduction of infection risk, social distancing and changes to the care delivery model. Conclusions: Forensic secure settings present major challenges as some proposals for pandemic management such as decarceration or early release are not possible, and facilities may present challenges to achieve sustained social distancing. Assertive testing, cohorting, and isolation units are appropriate responses to these challenges.
Quality of Life Impacts of Bright Light Treatment, Fluoxetine, and the Combination in Patients with Nonseasonal Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Morton Emma , Michalak Erin E. , Levitt Anthony , Levitan Robert D. , Cheung Amy , Morehouse Rachel , Ramasubbu Rajamannar , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Tam Edwin M. , Lam Raymond W. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Bright light therapy is increasingly recommended (alone or in combination with antidepressant medication) to treat symptoms of nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about its impacts on quality of life (QoL), a holistic, patient-valued outcome. Methods: This study utilizes secondary outcome data from an 8-week randomized, controlled, double blind trial comparing light monotherapy ( n = 32), fluoxetine monotherapy ( n = 30), and the combination of these ( n = 27) to placebo ( n = 30). QoL was assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF). Treatment-related differences in QoL improvements were assessed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. The influence of potential predictors of QoL (demographic variables and change in depressive symptoms) were investigated via hierarchical linear regression. Results: Q-LES-Q-SF scores significantly improved across all treatment conditions; however, no significant differences were observed between treatment arms. QoL remained poor relative to community norms by the end of the trial period: Across conditions, 70.6% of participants had significantly impaired QoL at the 8-week assessment. Reduction in depressive scores was a significant predictor of improved QoL, with the final model accounting for 54% of variance in QoL change scores. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize that improvement in QoL and reduction in depressive symptoms in MDD, while related, cannot be taken to be synonymous. Adjunctive therapies may be required to address unmet QoL needs in patients with MDD receiving antidepressant or light therapies. Further research is required to explore additional predictors of QoL in order to better refine treatments for MDD.
Serum cytokine profile during subcutaneous implantation of the decellularized esophagus matrix in rats
Authors: Melkonyan Karina , Nakokhov Ramazan , Rusinova Tatyana , Yutskevich Yana , Bykov Ilya , Redko Andrey , Alekseenko Sergey 
Published: June 2020

Aim to study non-specific immune response characteristics (serum cytokine profile) in rats after subcutaneous implantation of the decellularized esophagus matrix. Methods Data were obtained in Wistar rats. The rats underwent subcutaneous implantation of decellularized esophagus (DE) and native allogeneic esophagus (NE). Explantation of sampling were carried out on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment. Explanted NEs and DEs were processed for histologic examination. The content of IL1α, IL2, IL4, IL17А, TNFα, IFNγ and GM-CSF in serum samples were tested by ELISA. Results In rat serum with DEs on the 7th day of the experiment it was significant increase in IL1α level in comparison with control group, IL2, TNFα, IL4 levels did not differ from the control group levels that indicates the stabilization of inflammation. The content of IL17A, IFNγ and GM-CSF significantly decreased compared to control. On the 14th day, IL17A concentration analysis showed a sharp decrease in comparison with the the 7th experimental day. We found decrease in IL1α level vs control group and decrease in IFNγ level vs 7th day. On the 21st experimental day was shown a significant decrease in the IL17A, IFNγ and IL1α content in DE rats. Conclusions It was found dynamic change in studied rat cytokine concentrations that correspond to favourable clinical picture in DE group in comparison with an active inflammatory reaction in NE group. IL1α, IL4, IL17A and IFNγ concentrations reflect positive dynamics of the wound healing process and the absence of local inflammation and rejection of decellularized matrices.
Neighborhood Disorder, Social Ties, and Preventive Healthcare Utilization among Urban-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Latham-Mintus Kenzie , Vowels Ashley , Chavan Swapnali 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: This research examines whether perceived neighborhood disorder influences the use of preventive healthcare services (i.e. influenza vaccine, pneumonia vaccine, cholesterol screening, colonoscopy, and dental care) by older adults and whether social ties buffer the potential adverse effects of perceived neighborhood disorder. Methods: Using data from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, binary logistic regression was used to generate odds ratio estimates of preventive healthcare use in the past 2 years. Results: We find that greater levels of neighborhood disorder were associated with fewer dental care visits net of social and health factors. Regular participation in four or more social activities was associated with decreased odds of restricted use and increased odds of receiving a pneumonia vaccine and colonoscopy. Discussion: This research provides evidence that perceived neighborhood disorder may act as a barrier for specific preventive healthcare services and highlights the need for targeted intervention.
Systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and end-stage renal disease: a pragmatic review mapping disease severity and progression
Authors: Mahajan Anadi , Amelio Justyna , Gairy Kerry , Kaur Gavneet , Levy Roger A , Roth David , Bass Damon 
Published: June 2020

Objective The understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis remains incomplete. This review assessed LN development in SLE, within-LN progression and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods A keyword-based literature search was conducted, and 26 publications were included. Results Overall, 7–31% of patients had LN at SLE diagnosis; 31–48% developed LN after SLE diagnosis, most within 5 years. Class IV was the most commonly found LN class and had the worst prognosis. Histological transformation occurred in 40–76% of patients, more frequently from non-proliferative rather than proliferative lesions. Cumulative 5- and 10-year ESRD incidences in patients with SLE were 3% and 4%, respectively, and 3–11% and 6–19%, respectively, in patients with SLE and LN. Conclusions Elevated serum creatinine was identified as a predictor of worsening disease state, and progression within LN classes and from SLE/LN to ESRD. This review highlights the substantial risk for developing LN and progressing to ESRD amongst patients with SLE.
Clinical Profiling of a Bilingual Client with Anomic Aphasia
Authors: Nikitha M. , Darshan H. S. , Abhishek B. P. , Goswami S. P. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Aphasia is an acquired condition affecting auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading, writing and word-finding abilities along with sensory-motor impairments. Anomia refers to difficulty in word retrieval or naming which is seen irrespective of the type of aphasia. However, if a patient shows word-finding difficulty, in specific, a diagnosis of Anomic aphasia is made. There are variations within anomic aphasia on which the management and recovery depend. The article provides one such case report. Purpose: Speech and language profiling in anomic aphasia, specific treatment strategies, the effect of bilingualism on recovery. Methods: Mr S, a 38-year-old bilingual male reported 5 months post-stroke with difficulty in expressing, difficulty in writing and weakness in the right side of the body. Medical history was checked and speech and language evaluations including both formal and informal assessments were performed. After this, a diagnosis of Anomic aphasia with mild dysarthria was made. An appropriate speech–language therapeutic plan and specific activities were formulated for Mr S in his first language (L1) and he was given a therapy for a span of 3 months. A follow-up evaluation in both first and second language of the patient yielded differential recovery patterns. Results: The diagnosis was affected by different variants of anomic aphasia; treatment was specific to the clinical profiling and followed life-participation approach of aphasia. The recovery was affected by differential recovery patterns between the languages. Discussion: Factors pertaining to diagnosis, recovery, bilingualism and treatment of the client with anomic aphasia are discussed.
Oronasal Fistula Risk After Palate Repair
Authors: Pollard Sarah Hatch , Skirko Jonathan R. , Dance Dallin , Reinemer Hans , Yamashiro Duane , Lyon Natalee F. , Collingridge Dave S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To assess risk factors for oronasal fistula, including 2-stage palate repair. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Tertiary children’s hospital. Patients: Patients with non-submucosal cleft palate whose entire cleft repair was completed at the study hospital between 2005 and 2013 with postsurgical follow-up. Interventions: Hierarchical binary logistic regression assessed predictive value of variables for fistula. Variables tested for inclusion were 2 stage repair, Veau classification, sex, age at surgery 1, age at surgery 2, surgeon volume, surgeon, insurance status, socioeconomic status, and syndrome. Variables were added to the model in order of significance and retained if significant at a .05 level. Main Outcome Measure: Postoperative fistula. Results: Of 584 palate repairs, 505 (87%) had follow-up, with an overall fistula rate of 10.1% (n = 51). Among single-stage repairs (n = 211), the fistula rate was 6.7%; it was 12.6% in 2-stage repairs (n = 294, P = .03). In the final model utilizing both single-stage and 2-stage patient data, significant predictors of fistula were 2-stage repair (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, P = .012), surgeon volume, and surgeon. When examining only single-stage patients, higher surgeon volume was protective against fistula. In the model examining 2-stage patients, surgeon and age at hard palate repair were significant; older age at hard palate closure was protective for fistula, with an OR of 0.82 ( P = .046) for each additional 6 months in age at repair. Conclusions: Two-stage surgery, surgeon, and surgeon volume were significant predictors of fistula occurrence in all children, and older age at hard palate repair was protective in those with 2-stage repair.
Factors affecting survival to discharge in 53 cats diagnosed with uroabdomen: a single-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Hornsey Samuel J , Halfacree Zoe , Kulendra Elvin , Parker Sarah , Kulendra Nicola 
Published: June 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in cats diagnosed with uroabdomen at a single referral centre. Methods Fifty-three cats diagnosed with uroabdomen at a veterinary teaching hospital were identified between June 2003 and September 2016. Data collected included signalment, presenting signs, aetiology, location of rupture, presence of concurrent injury, outcome of urine culture, presence of uroliths and packed cell volume (PCV)/creatinine/potassium levels at presentation. Cats managed medically and surgically were included, and the use of urinary catheters, cystotomy tubes and abdominal drains were recorded. It was determined if patients survived to discharge or if they were euthanased or died. Results Seventy-four percent (n = 39) of cats survived to discharge. Elevations in creatinine ( P = 0.03) were shown to be significantly correlated with survival to discharge. Sex, age, location of rupture, presence of uroliths, outcome of urine culture, presence of concurrent injury, potassium at presentation and PCV at presentation were not associated with survival to discharge. There was no difference in survival between cats that were medically or surgically managed. Conclusions and relevance Cats that develop uroabdomen have a good chance of survival. Electrolyte and biochemistry values should be assessed at the time of presentation, in addition to the presence of concurrent injury.
Transition into remote and rural nurse education and careers: a qualitative study of student nurses
Authors: Kyle Richard G , Beattie Michelle , Smith Annetta 
Published: June 2020

Background Global nurse shortages present a threat to the sustainability of remote and rural healthcare. Interventions have been developed to support recruitment and retention of nurses that focus on providing pre-nursing experience for school pupils who intend to pursue nursing careers. However, there is a lack of evidence around how pre-nursing experience supports transition into nurse education. Aims This study aims to explore the impact of a pre-nursing scholarship for school pupils in remote and rural areas of Scotland on experiences of transition into nurse education. Methods This was a qualitative study involving semi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews with pre-nursing scholarship participants. Results An authentic pre-nursing experience supported school pupils’ transition to nurse education. First, it increased students’ self-efficacy, both in their decision to choose nursing as a career and their ability to nurse. Second, it helped students to realise that the opportunity to study closer to home was available to them. Third, it supported students’ educational and social integration, helping them feel prepared for university teaching and learning approaches and the social experience of being a student. Conclusions Pre-nursing experience can support transition into nurse education and contribute to career pathways that support recruitment and retention of nurses in remote and rural areas.
Variational level set image segmentation model coupled with kernel distance function
Authors: Badshah Noor , Ahmad Ali , Rehman Fazli 
Published: June 2020

One of the crucial challenges in the area of image segmentation is intensity inhomogeneity. For most of the region-based models, it is not easy to completely segment images having severe intensity inhomogeneity and complex structure, as they rely on intensity distributions. In this work, we proposed a firsthand hybrid model by blending kernel and Euclidean distance metrics. Experimental results on some real and synthetic images suggest that our proposed model is better than models of Chan and Vese, Wu and He, and Salah et al.
Feline infectious peritonitis virus-associated rhinitis in a cat
Authors: André Nicole M , Miller Andrew D , Whittaker Gary R 
Published: June 2020

Case summary This report describes a cat with initial respiratory signs prior to developing fulminant feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) after adoption from an animal shelter. Histologic examination of the tissues revealed typical lesions associated with FIP in the lung, liver, large intestine and small intestine. Histologic examination of the nasal cavity revealed pyogranulomatous rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody FIPV3-70 targeting FIP antigen in macrophages confirmed FIP and molecular analysis identified a spike protein mutation (R793S) consistent with the presence of an FIP virus. Pathological changes, immunolabeling and molecular analysis provide evidence that respiratory infection by feline coronavirus is part of the spectrum of FIP-associated disease. Relevance and novel information This report highlights nasal pathology associated with FIP through a combination of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular characterization of the virus. Our work supports a little-appreciated role of the respiratory tract in FIP.
Total knee arthroplasty: A single centre review at 10 years of follow-up
Authors: Tse Tao Sun Tycus , Wan Yik-Cheung Samuel , Leung Kin-Ho Leo , Wong Man-Kwan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure for treatment of various non-infective arthritis. This study reviewed total knee arthroplasty cases up to 10 years of follow-up for the survival rate, reasons of revision and associated perioperative risk factors for revision. Methods: All cases to total knee arthroplasty performed in a single centre in the years 2007 and 2008 were reviewed. A total of 227 cases of total knee arthroplasty were performed during the 2-year period, with 156 cases followed up to 10 years. Perioperative information, follow-up information and information of possible complications were obtained. Results: The survival rate of total knee arthroplasty in this study is 98.2% at 5 years and 94.2% at 10 years of follow-up. The early post-operative complication rate was low, and majority of cases had improvement of function at 1 year after the operation. Early post-operative infection rate was low at 0.4%, and overall infection up to 10 years of follow-up was also low at 4.4%. Ten cases had undergone revision of arthroplasty by 10 years after operation. Conclusion: The survival rate of total knee replacement was high. The revision rate and infection rates were low up to 10 years of follow-up. The most common reasons of revision arthroplasty were infection and aseptic loosening. Cases which required revision arthroplasty had significantly longer operative duration compared with cases without revision at 10 years of follow-up ( p = 0.01).