bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Achieved with Indocyanine Green Loaded SPIONs under Near Infrared Irradiation
Authors: acar Havva Yagci , Bilici Kubra , Atac Nazlı , Muti Abdullah , Baylam Isınsu , Dogan Ozlem , Sennaroglu Alphan , Can Fusun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial photothermal therapy (aPTT) are promising local and effective alternative therapies for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections and biofilms. Combination of nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers offer a great opportunity to combine PDT and PTT for effective eradication of both planktonic bacteria and their biofilms. In this work, photo-induced antibacterial activity of indocyanine green (ICG), 3-aminopropylsilane coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (APTMS@SPION) and ICG loaded APTMS@SPION were evaluated on planktonic cells and biofilms of gram-negative ( E.coli , K.pneumoniae , P.aeruginosa) and gram-positive ( S.epidermis) bacteria . Results: A relatively low dose of ICG (25 mg/mL) and SPIONs (0.425 mg/mL nanoparticle) in combination with a single, short (10 min) laser irradiation at 808 nm with 1150 mW of power were used in this study. No dark toxicity of the agents or antibacterial effect of the laser irradiation were observed. The charge of the particles did not provide a significant difference in their penetration to gram-negative versus gram-positive bacterial strains or their biofilms. APTMS@SPION/laser treatment completely eliminated P.aeruginosa and provided 7-log reduction in the colony forming unit (CFU) of E.Coli, but was not effective on the other two bacteria . This is the first example for antibacterial phototoxicity of this nanoparticle. ICG/laser and ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatments provided complete killing of all planktonic cells . Successful eradication of all biofilms were achieved with ICG/laser (3.2-3.7 log reduction in CFU) or ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatment (3.3-4.4 log reduction in CFU). However, an exceptionally high, 6.5-log reduction as well as a dramatic difference between ICG versus ICG/APTMS@SPION treatment was observed in K.pneumoniae biofilms with ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatment. Investigation of the ROS production and increase in the local temperature of the biofilms that were subjected to phototherapy suggested a combination of aPTT and aPDT mechanisms for phototoxicity, exhibiting a synergistic effect when ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser was used. Conclusions: This approach opens an exciting and novel avenue in the fight against drug resistant infections by successfully utilizing the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of low dose FDA approved optically traceable ICG and a relatively low cost clinically acceptable iron oxide nanoparticle to enable effective aPDT/aPTT combination, induced via short-duration laser irradiation at a near-infrared wavelength.
Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection
Authors: Ghosh Mousam , Ghosh Swarnankur , Ghosh Suman , Panda Goutam Kumar , Saha Pradip Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In present scenario the pandemic COVID-19 is spreading out in most of the widely populated countries. Various researches to restrict the spreading of pandemic COVID-19 are going on in both medical and administrative point of view. The focus has been given in this research keeping administrative point of view in mind. In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection has been proposed. Few factors related to intra zone mobilization; inter zone mobilization and rate of detection are the key points in the proposed model. Various remedial steps are taken into consideration in the form of operating procedures. Further such operating procedures are applied over the model in standalone or hybridized mode and responses are reported in this paper in case-studies manner. Further zone-wise increase in infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 has been studied and reported in this paper.
A Candidate multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ka Tamalika , Narsaria Utkarsh , Basak Srijita , De Debashrito , Castiglion Filippo , Mueller David M. , Srivas Anurag P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the past two decades, 7 coronaviruses have infected the human population, with two major outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the year 2002 and 2012, respectively. Currently, the entire world is facing a pandemic of another coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, with a high fatality rate. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates entry of virus into the host cell and is one of the most important antigenic determinants, making it a potential candidate for a vaccine. In this study, we have computationally designed a multi-epitope vaccine using spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. The overall quality of the candidate vaccine was validated in silico and Molecular Dynamics Simulation confirmed the stabilityof the designed vaccine. Docking studies revealed stable interactions of the vaccine with Toll Like Receptors and MHC Receptors. Codon optimization was used to optimize high expression of the vaccine in E.coli K-12 strain. In silico cloning suggested efficient expression in pET-28a (+) vector. The efficiency of the candidate vaccine to trigger an effective immune response was assessed by an in silico immune simulation. The computational analyses suggest that the designed multi-epitope vaccine is structurally stable which can induce specific immune responses and thus, can be a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2.Authors Tamalika Kar, Utkarsh Narsaria, Srijita Basak, and Debashrito Deb contributed equally to this work.
Role of novel deep-learning-based CT&nbsp;used in management and discharge of COVID-19 patients at a “square cabin”&nbsp;hospital in China
Authors: Meng Qingcheng , Liu Wentao , Dou Xinmin , Zhang Jiaqi , Sun Anlan , Ding Jia , Liu Hao , Lei Ziqiao , Chen Xuejun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The chest computed tomography (CT) had been used to define the diagnostic and discharge criteria for COVID-19. However, it is difficult to determine the suitability for discharge of a patient with COVID-19 based on CT features in a clinical setting. Deep learning (DL) technology has demonstrated great success in the medical imaging.Purpose: This study applied the novel deep learning (DL) on chest computed tomography (CT) of COVID-19 patients with consecutive negative respiratory pathogen nucleic acid test results at a “square cabin” hospital in Wuhan, China, with the intent to standardize criteria for discharge.Methods: The study included 270 patients (102men, 168 women; mean age, 51.9 ± 15.6[18–65] years) who had two consecutive negative respiratory pathogen tests (sampling interval: ≥1 day) and underwent low-dose CT 1 day after the first negative test, with strict adherence to epidemic prevention standards. The chest CT of COVID-19 patients with negative nucleic acid tests were evalued by DL, and the standard for discharge was a total volume ratio of lesions to lung of less than 50% determined by DL.Results: The average intersection over union is 0.7894. Fifty-seven (21.1%) and 213 (78.9%) patients exhibited normal lung findings and pneumonia, respectively. 54.0% (115/213) involved mild interstitial fibrosis. 18.8% (40/213) had total volume ratio of lesions to lung of more than and equal to 50% according to our severity scale and were monitored continuously in hospital, and three cases of which had a positive follow-up nucleic acid test during hospital observation. None of the 230 discharged cases later tested positive or exhibited pneumonia progression. Conclusions: The novel DL enables the accurate management of COVID-19 patients and can help avoid cluster transmission or exacerbation due to patients with false negitive acid test.
Social Networks and Health: Micro Processes and Macro Structures
Authors: Marcum Christopher Steven , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since its nascency, the field of social network analysis has been intrinsically linked to human health and well-being. In fact, the very first empirical article ever published in Sociometry evaluated a psychiatric treatment to inter-personal distress that employed the spontaneous interactions unfolding in a triad of physician, patient, and proxy actors (Moreno, 1937). This was a first attempt in a research context to show that there may be direct effects that tie patterns of social relations to individual well-being in small groups. Moreno & Jennings (1938) also made the early and astute argument that the social structure observed through measurement of social relations is inseparable from biological and psychological frames of reference: they are all inherently interdependent. More than 80 years of research in this area has since been developed and yet the field is still flush with opportunities to learn about the interplay between social networks and health. In this special issue of the Journal of Social Structure, we highlight the work of leading scientists in this field.
The Multiplex Social Environments of Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: How Online and Offline Social Structures Impact HIV Prevention and Sex Behavior Engagement
Authors: Young Lindsay E. , Fujimoto Kayo , Alon Leigh , Zhang Liang , Schneider John A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the United States, young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) remain disproportionately affected by HIV. The social networks in which YBMSM are embedded are generally understood to be critical factors in understanding their vulnerability. In this study, we acknowledge the relational richness of YBMSMs’ social environments (what we define as multiplexity) and their increasing prioritization of online social networking sites (SNS). Specifically, we investigate whether protective and/or risky features of YBMSMs’ Facebook friendships and group affiliations are related to their HIV prevention and sex behavior engagement, while also accounting for features of their offline confidant (or support) and sex networks. Using data from a population-based cohort study of YBMSM living in Chicago (N=268), we perform a series of multiple logistic regression analyses to examine associations between features of YBMSMs’ Facebook, confidant, and sexual networks with three prevention outcomes and three sex behavior outcomes, while also controlling for factors at the individual and structural levels. Results show that network features play a more significant role in predicting engagement in sex behaviors than prevention behaviors. Specifically, having more confidants, having confidants who are family members, meeting sex partners online, having more YBMSM Facebook friends, belonging to Facebook groups with an LGBTQ focus, and having greater subject diversity in one’s Facebook group affiliations were significantly associated with one or more sex behavior outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for HIV prevention intervention efforts.
Towards a hybrid algorithm for the robust calibration of rainfall–runoff models
Authors: Okkan Umut , Kirdemir Umut 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, the hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm was proposed and practised for the calibration of two conceptual rainfall–runoff models (dynamic water balance model and abcde). The performance of the developed method was compared with those of several metaheuristics. The models were calibrated for three sub-basins, and multiple performance criteria were taken into consideration in comparison. The results indicated that HPSO was derived significantly better and more consistent results than other algorithms with respect to hydrological model errors and convergence speed. A variance decomposition-based method – analysis of variance (ANOVA) – was also used to quantify the dynamic sensitivity of HPSO parameters. Accordingly, the individual and interactive uncertainties of the parameters defined in the HPSO are relatively low.
Development of a new water ecological health assessment method for small river in Shanghai, China
Authors: Xu Houtao , Cao Linkui , Wang Liqing , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeventeen indices were selected to structure a new water ecological health assessment system, consisting of water quality, ecological system, and ecological landscape, for evaluation of small rivers in Shanghai, China. There are 200 samples taken from 56 rivers distributed in ten districts from 2014 to 2015 in Shanghai, which were selected to constitute the study case, and the mean value of each indicator was used in the evaluation. According to various features, including natural geographical condition, social development level, etc., these rivers were classified as one of three types: central urbanization watercourse (CW), new town watercourse (NW), and village watercourse (VW). The results showed that the investigated rivers were at a medium health level, ranging from 1.79 to 3.59, with the average being 2.95. The ecological health of streams in rural areas is better than that of CW rivers and NW rivers. This study is expected to provide accurate statistics and appraisal for the improvement of river health.
Efficient water management: an analysis for the agricultural sector
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficient water use in agriculture depends on a number of variables, from the farmers’ perceptions of these concerns, to the socioeconomic dimensions. In any case, it is important to bring about more insight into these fields, specifically to stimulate the design of adjusted management plans and policies which increase water efficiency on farms. These are relevant motivations to perform more research in these fields. In this framework, the main objective of this study is to analyse the water management efficiency of the agricultural sector in the regions (NUTS 2) and countries in the European Union. For this purpose, statistical information from the Eurostat was considered and an approach based on the Cobb–Douglas theory of production was used which combines DEA (data envelopment analysis) with factor and cluster analysis. Also performed was qualitative analysis with the Atlas.ti software. This approach that combines qualitative analysis with DEA–factor-cluster analysis brings new outcomes to the literature. The insights obtained from this study reveal that it is possible to improve water management without compromising the agricultural output and while still improving farmers’ profit. For example, in some French regions, almost 100% of the surface water withdrawal for agricultural irrigation could be saved.
Anaerobic digestion effluent treatment using microalgae and nitrifiers in an outdoor raceway pond with fluidized carriers
Authors: Akizuki Shinichi , Cuevas-Rodríguez Germán , Toda Tatsuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombining microalgae and nitrifiers in a single photobioreactor has attracted attention as an alternative approach for conventional nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, nitrifiers are known to be sensitive to light exposure. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using fluidized carriers to mitigate light stress in nitrifiers. An outdoor raceway pond containing microalgae and nitrifiers with fluidized carriers was used to treat two-fold diluted anaerobic digestion effluent (785 mg-N L−1 as a form of dissolved total Kjeldahl nitrogen: TKN) over 50 days. The average daily sunlight intensity reached the inhibition level of nitrifiers (423 μmol photons m−2 s−1); however, stable nitrification with a specific ammonium oxidation rate of 55 mg-N g-total suspended solid−1 day−1 was observed. TKN was mostly removed via nitrifier metabolism (ammonium oxidation and uptake: 40.1%) and partially via microalgae uptake (5.7%). Different microalgae-based processes including that of this study were compared in terms of tolerances to a high dissolved TKN concentration and strong light. Our system showed a relatively higher resistance to not only light exposure but also TKN because the nitrification process decreased the free ammonia level to less than 0.25 mg L−1, which allowed microalgae to grow despite the high ammonium concentration.
Synthesis, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Studies of Benzylidene Bearing 5-substituted and 3,5-disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinedione Derivatives
Authors: Sethi Navjot S. , Prasad Deo N. , Singh Rajesh K. 
Published: May 2020

Aim:
To develop novel compounds having potent anticancer and antibacterial activities.

Background:
Several studies have proved that benzylidene analogues of clinical 2,4-TZDs, such
as troglitazone and ciglitazone, have more potent antiproliferative activity than their parent compounds.
Literature studies also revealed that the attachment of more heterocyclic rings, containing
nitrogen on 5th position of 2,4-TZD, can enhance the antimicrobial activity. Hence, attachment of
various moieties on the benzylidene ring may produce safe and effective compounds in the future.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to synthesize a set of novel benzylidene ring
containing 5- and 3-substituted-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives and evaluate them for their anticancer
and antibacterial activity.

Methods:
The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, mass, and elemental studies.
The in vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed for human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human
lung cancer (A549) cells and HepG2 cell-line and compared to standard drug doxorubicin by MTT
assay. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized 2,4-thiazolidinediones derivatives was carried out
using the cup plate method with slight modification.

Results:
The results obtained showed that TZ-5 and TZ-13 exhibited good antiproliferative activity
against A549 cancer cell-line, whereas TZ-10 exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against
HepG2 cell-line when compared to standard drug doxorubicin. TZ-5 also exhibited reasonable activity
against the MCF-7 cell-line with doxorubicin as standard. TZ-4, TZ-5, TZ-6, TZ-7, and TZ-
16 exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram positive and moderate activity against
Gram negative bacteria with the standard drug ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
Attachment of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen as the hetero atom improves the
anticancer and antimicrobial potential. Attachment of electronegative elements like halogens can
also enhance the antimicrobial activity. Further structure modifications may lead to the development
of more potent 2,4-TZD leads that can be evaluated for further advanced studies.
A Highly Sensitive LC–MS/MS Method Development and Validation of Fedratinib in Human Plasma and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Healthy Rabbits
Authors: Khadernaick Ayesha Begum , Kumar Gubbiyappa Shiva , Sandhya Pamu , Bhikshapathi Darna 
Published: May 2020

Background:
A simple and sensitive quantitation analytical technique by liquid chromatography–tandem mass
spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is essential for fedratinib in biological media with kinetic study in healthy rabbits.

Objective:
The main objectives of the present research work are to LC-MS/MS method development and validate procedure
for the quantitation of fedratinib and its application to kinetic study in rabbits.

Methods:
Separation of processed samples were employed on zorbax SB C18 column (50mm×4.6 mm) 3.5µm with a movable
phase of methanol, acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in the ratio of 30:60:10. The movable phase was monitored through
column at 0.8 ml/min flow rate. The drug and ibrutinib internal standard (IS) were evaluated by monitoring the transitions of
m/z -525.260/57.07 and 441.2/55.01 for fedratinib and IS respectively in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Results:
The linear equation and coefficient of correlation (R2) results were y =0.00348x+0.00245 and
0.9984, respectively. Intra and inter-day precision RSD findings of the developed technique were
found in the range of 2.4 - 5.3% for the quality control (QC)-samples (252.56, 1804.0 and 2706 ng/ml).
The proposed method was subjected to pharmacokinetic study in healthy rabbits and the kinetic study,
fedratinib showed mean AUClast 13190±18.1 hr*ng/ml and Cmax was found to be 3550±4.31 ng/ml in
healthy rabbits.

Conclusion:
The validated method can be applicable for the pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies in the clinical and
forensic analysis of fedratinib in different kinds of biological matrices successfully.
Tantangan globalisasi, peran negara, dan implikasinya terhadap aktualisasi nilai-nilai ideologi negara
Authors: Silitonga Tatar Bonar 
Published: May 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh globalisasi, peran negara, dan implikasinya terhadap aktualisasi nilai-nilai ideologi negara bagi Warga Negara Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menjawab permasalahan adalah dengan studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara. Dari hasil data ditemukan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai globalisasi yang mempengaruhi pola pikir, sikap, dan perilaku sebagian warga negara yang didukung dengan konsistensi, ketegasan, dan penguatan peran pemerintah dalam merawat nilai-nilai kebersamaan. Selain itu juga berimplikasi untuk meredam eskalasi dan kegiatan yang menjurus pada perilaku yang menonjolkan sentiment primordial serta berimplikasi memantapkan persepsi warga negara tentang pentingnya ideologi negara, walaupun tidak langsung mengakselerasi masyarakat mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai ideology negara secara signifikan.-----This article aims to analyze the effect of globalization, the role of the state, and its implications for the actualization of state ideology values for Indonesian citizens. The approach used in answering problems is through literature study, observation, and interview. From the results of the data, it found that there are values of globalization that affect the mindset, attitudes, and behavior of some citizens supported by consistency, decisiveness, and strengthening the role of government in caring for the values of togetherness. It also has implications to reduce escalation and activities that lead to behaviors that highlight primordial sentiments and has implications for strengthening citizens' perceptions about the importance of state ideology. However, it does not directly accelerate the community to actualize state ideology values significantly.