bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policing partnerships to address youth antisocial behavior: How parental risk‐taking shapes child outcomes
Authors: Mazerolle Lorraine , Cardwell Stephanie M. , Antrobus Emma , Piquero Alex R. 
Published: July 2020

Research SummaryPartnerships are an integral part of the working life of police, yet not a lot is known about how such partnerships work to deter and control crime problems. This article explores the impact of a Third Party Policing Partnership involving police and schools coming together to engage with parents to address their child's truancy and antisocial behavior. We report on results from an embedded behavioral economics experiment within the Ability School Engagement Program (ASEP) Trial. ASEP involved 102 young people who were chronically truant from school and randomly allocated to the experimental partnership program (ASEP) or the business‐as‐usual condition. We find that riskier choices made by parents increase the incidence of child self‐reported antisocial behavior (SRASB). Our results show parents in the ASEP condition had greater gains in knowledge of the education laws relative to control. There was a backfire effect for parents in the control group: Their gains in knowledge of the laws led their children to have higher levels of SRASB.Policy ImplicationsPolicing partnerships are an important part of the future of policing. Police partnerships with schools are a promising approach for engaging parents and young people in a manner that clearly and fairly explains to parents their legal obligations for their child's school attendance. While we do not find that ASEP modified parental risk‐taking behavior, we do find that the ASEP intervention created an insulating effect from the negative outcomes of the business‐as‐usual condition, in which school principals delivered ad hoc bad news to parents about their child's antisocial behavior in a way that was not procedurally just. Policing partnerships are likely to deter antisocial behavior when police work with third party partners who have some type of legislative responsibility. This legislative medium creates opportunities for the police and third parties to better engage and communicate legal responsibilities and the consequences of noncompliance.
Top executives’ early‐life experience and financial disclosure quality: impact from the Great Chinese Famine
Authors: Yao Shouyu , Wang Zhuoqun , Sun Mengyue , Liao Jing , Cheng Feiyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of top executives’ Great Chinese Famine experience on firm financial disclosure quality. We find firms led by top executives who experienced the great famine in early life are less likely to conduct fraudulent financial reporting. The famine effect is more pronounced in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), smaller‐cap, lower‐profitability level firms and firms with weaker external monitoring. Further evidence suggests that top executives with great famine experience show greater tendency to implement secured debt structure, effective internal control and spend less on entertainment and travel costs, which in turn reduce the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting.
Oral contraceptives and the serotonin 4 receptor: a molecular brain imaging study in healthy women
Authors: Larsen S. V. , Köhler‐Forsberg K. , Dam V. H. , Poulsen A. S. , Svarer C. , Jensen P. S. , Knudsen G. M. , Fisher P. M. , Ozenne B. , Frokjaer V. G. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveSex steroid hormones potently shape brain functions, including those critical to maintain mental health such as serotonin signaling. Use of oral contraceptives (OCs) profoundly changes endogenous sex steroid hormone levels and dynamics. Recent register‐based studies show that starting an OC is associated with increased risk of developing depression. Here, we investigate whether use of OCs in healthy women is associated with a marker of the serotonin system in terms of serotonin 4 receptor (5‐HT4R) brain imaging.Methods[11C]SB207145‐PET imaging data on 53 healthy women, of whom 16 used OCs, were available from the Cimbi database. We evaluated global effects of OC use on 5‐HT4R binding in a latent variable model based on 5‐HT4R binding across cortical and subcortical regions.ResultsWe demonstrate that OC users have 9–12% lower global brain 5‐HT4R binding potential compared to non‐users. Univariate region‐based analyses (pallidostriatum, caudate, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and neocortex) supported the global effect of OC use with the largest difference present in the hippocampus (−12.8% (95% CI [−21.0; −3.9], Pcorrected = 0.03).ConclusionWe show that women who use OCs have markedly lower brain 5‐HT4R binding relative to non‐users, which constitutes a plausible molecular link between OC use and increased risk of depressive episodes. We propose that this reflects a reduced 5‐HT4R gene expression, possibly related to a blunted ovarian hormone state among OC users.
Estrogen receptor‐α signaling increases allergen‐induced IL‐33 release and airway inflammation
Authors: Cephus Jacqueline‐Yvonne , Gandhi Vivek D. , Shah Ruchi , Brooke Davis Jordan , Fuseini Hubaida , Yung Jeffrey A. , Zhang Jian , Kita Hirohito , Polosukhin Vasiliy V. , Zhou Weisong , Newcomb Dawn C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are stimulated by IL‐33 to increase IL‐5 and IL‐13 production and airway inflammation. While sex hormones regulate airway inflammation, it remained unclear whether estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α, Esr1) or ER‐β (Esr2) increased ILC2‐mediated airway inflammation. We hypothesize that estrogen signaling increases allergen‐induced IL‐33 release, ILC2 cytokine production, and airway inflammation.MethodsFemale Esr1‐/‐, Esr2‐/‐, wild‐type (WT), and IL33fl/fleGFP mice were challenged with Alternaria extract (Alt Ext) or vehicle for 4 days. In select experiments, mice were administered tamoxifen or vehicle pellets for 21 days prior to challenge. Lung ILC2, IL‐5 and IL‐13 production, and BAL inflammatory cells were measured on day 5 of Alt Ext challenge model. Bone marrow from WT and Esr1‐/‐ female mice was transferred (1:1 ratio) into WT female recipients for 6 weeks followed by Alt Ext challenge. hBE33 cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were pretreated with 17β‐estradiol (E2), propyl‐pyrazole‐triol (PPT, ER‐α agonist), or diarylpropionitrile (DPN, ER‐β agonist) before allergen challenge to determine IL‐33 gene expression and release, extracellular ATP release, DUOX‐1 production, and necrosis.ResultsAlt Ext challenged Esr1‐/‐, but not Esr2‐/‐, mice had decreased IL‐5 and IL‐13 production, BAL eosinophils, and IL‐33 release compared to WT mice. Tamoxifen decreased IL‐5 and IL‐13 production and BAL eosinophils. IL‐33eGFP + epithelial cells were decreased in Alt Ext challenged Esr1‐/‐ mice compared to WT mice. 17β‐E2 or PPT, but not DPN, increased IL‐33 gene expression, release, and DUOX‐1 production in hBE33 or NHBE cells.ConclusionEstrogen receptor ‐α signaling increased IL‐33 release and ILC2‐mediated airway inflammation.
Early‐term elective Caesarean sections did not increase the risk of behavioural problems at six to eight years of age
Authors: Nielsen Trine Muhs , Glavind Julie , Milidou Ioanna , Henriksen Tine Brink 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to explore the under‐researched associations between an elective Caesarean section (C‐section) at early‐term or full‐term gestation and behaviour at 6‐8 years of age.MethodsWe identified 1220 eligible children born by elective C‐sections at Danish hospital from 2009 to 2011. Their mothers were randomised to elective C‐sections at either 38+3 (early‐term) or 39+3 (full‐term) weeks of gestation. From December 2017 to August 2018, the parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results were adjusted for maternal education, parity and the child's sex.ResultsOf the 574 (45%) children followed up, 288 were delivered early‐term and 286 were delivered full‐term. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. There were no differences in the total difficulties score, subscale scores or the risk of being classified as having a possible or probable psychiatric disorder. Early‐term boys had a lower risk of being classified as having a possible or probable psychiatric disorder and early‐term girls had higher risk, but the results were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe found no difference in behaviour at 6–8 years of age between children born by elective C‐section at early‐ versus full‐term gestation.
Association between the body weight of growing pigs and the functional capacity of their gut microbiota
Authors: Oh Ju Kyoung , Chae Jong Pyo , Pajarillo Edward Alain B. , Kim Sung Hun , Kwak Min‐Jin , Eun Jong‐Su , Chee Seok Woo , Whang Kwang‐Youn , Kim Sae‐Hun , Kang Dae‐Kyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal microbiota impact host's biological activities, including digestion of indigestible feed components, energy harvest, and immunity. In this study, fecal microbiota of high body weight (HW) and low body weight (LW) growing pigs at 103 days of age were compared. Principal coordinates analysis separated the HW and LW groups into two clusters, indicating their potential differences between microbial community composition. Although the abundances of two major phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between the HW and LW groups, some genera showed significant differences. Among them, Peptococcus and Eubacterium exhibited strong positive correlations with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (Rho > 0.40), whereas Treponema, Desulfovibrio, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified exhibited strong negative correlations with BW and ADG (Rho < −0.40). Based on these results, the structure of intestinal microbiota may affect growth traits in pigs through host–microbe interactions. Further in‐depth studies will provide insights into how best to reshape host–microbe interactions in pigs and other animals as well.
Prospective evaluation of blue‐light flexible cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Lotan Yair , Chaplin Iftach , Ahmadi Hamed , Meng Xiaosong , Roberts Sidney , Ladi‐Seyedian Sanam , Bagrodia Aditya , Margulis Vitaly , Woldu Solomon , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of blue‐light flexible cystoscopy (BLFC) for surveillance of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Patients and MethodsProspective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent office‐based BLFC for NMIBC. Clinical information was collected including cystoscopic findings and pathological data.ResultsA total of 322 cases were performed on 190 patients. The mean age was 71 years and 83% were men. The highest stage prior to BLFC was Ta, carcinoma in situ (CIS), T1, and T2 in 45.3%, 18.4%, 30% and 2%, respectively. Prior to BLFC, 16.8%, 60.5%, and 16.8% were low grade (LG), high grade (HG), and CIS, respectively. Intravesical bacille Calmette–Guérin and intravesical chemotherapy were used in 54.2% and 18.4%, respectively. White‐light cystoscopy (WLC) and BLFC were both normal in 173 (53.7%) of cases. WLC was normal and BLFC was abnormal in 26 (8%) cases. Of these, 15 had office‐based biopsy and cancer was detected in 13 (87%; six CIS, four HG Ta, three LG Ta). Both WLC and BLFC were positive in 83 (25.8%) cases and 33% had additional tumours found. Cancer was found in 27 (75%) of WLC+/BLFC+ who underwent office‐based biopsy including 19 LG Ta, six HG Ta, and two CIS.ConclusionsIncorporation of BLFC in clinical practice has potential advantages of finding cancer in cases with normal WLC. BLFC detected additional cancers in 33% of patients with positive WLC and BLFC, which can improve surveillance and performance of office‐based biopsy. Further research is needed to determine cost‐effectiveness and impact on recurrence rates.
Temporary foreign workers and firms: Theory and Canadian evidence
Authors: Brochu Pierre , Gross Till , Worswick Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporary foreign worker (TFW) programs have grown considerably in size when uncapped. We develop a simple efficiency‐wage model to explain this phenomenon and examine the empirical evidence for it. We also use the model to evaluate the implications of TFW programs for domestic workers. In our framework, firms that have been unable to find domestic workers may hire TFWs at the wage previously advertised to domestic workers. Due to the lower outside option for TFWs than domestic workers, TFWs will exert more effort for the same wage. Firms would thus prefer to hire otherwise identical TFWs rather than domestic workers. Our model identifies an unintended consequence of a TFW program: since the repercussions of a failed domestic job search are less severe if a TFW may be hired instead, firms have an incentive to lower their wage offers made to domestic workers. Using Canadian data, we find that, relative to domestic workers, TFWs work longer hours, have lower rates of absenteeism and are less likely to be laid off, consistent with higher effort in our model. Moreover, for TFWs from home countries with a relatively high outside option, effort is lower than for TFWs from other countries.RésuméTravailleurs étrangers temporaires et entreprises: théorie et exemple canadien. En l’absence de plafonnement, les programmes de travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) se sont considérablement développés. Afin d’expliquer ce phénomène et d’en examiner les preuves empiriques, nous avons développé un modèle simple de salaire d’efficience. Nous avons également utilisé ce modèle pour évaluer l’incidence des PTET sur les travailleurs domestiques. Dans notre cadre d’étude, les entreprises peinant à trouver une main d’œuvre locale peuvent embaucher des travailleurs étrangers temporaires au salaire préalablement proposé aux travailleurs domestiques. Compte tenu d’options extérieures plus faibles, les travailleurs étrangers temporaires déploieront davantage d’efforts pour le même salaire. Les entreprises préféreront donc embaucher des travailleurs étrangers par ailleurs identiques plutôt que des travailleurs domestiques. Notre modèle identifie une conséquence inattendue aux PTET: étant donné que les conséquences d’une recherche d’employés domestiques infructueuse sont atténuées par l’embauche de travailleurs étrangers temporaires, les entreprises sont incitées à diminuer les offres salariales proposées aux travailleurs locaux. En exploitant les données propres au Canada, nous avons découvert que les travailleurs étrangers temporaires travaillaient plus d’heures, avaient des taux d’absentéisme inférieurs et étaient moins susceptibles de se faire congédier que les travailleurs domestiques, conformément au concept d’effort accru développé dans notre modèle. En outre, pour les travailleurs étrangers temporaires originaires de pays à options extérieures relativement élevées, l’effort sera moindre que pour ceux provenant d’autres pays.
Accuracy of prehospital point‐of‐care lactate in early in‐hospital mortality
Authors: Martín‐Rodríguez Francisco , López‐Izquierdo Raúl , Medina‐Lozano Elena , Ortega Rabbione Guillermo , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , Carbajosa Rodríguez Virginia , Castro Villamor Miguel Ángel , Sánchez‐Soberon Irene , Sanz‐García Ancor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergency medical services (EMS) routinely face complex scenarios where decisions should be taken with limited clinical information. The development of fast, reliable and easy to perform warning biomarkers could help in such decision‐making processes. The present study aims at characterizing the validity of point‐of‐care lactate (pLA) during prehospital tasks for predicting in‐hospital mortality within two days after the EMS assistance.Materials and methodsProspective, multicentric, ambulance‐based and controlled observational study without intervention, including six advanced life support and five hospitals. The pLA levels were recorded during EMS assistance of adult patients. The validity of pLA to determine the in‐hospital mortality was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC).ResultsA total of 2997 patients were considered in the study, with a median of 69 years (IQR 54‐81) and 41.4% of women. The median pLA value was 2.7 mmol/L (1.9‐3.8) in survivors and 5.7 mmol/L (4.4‐7.6) in nonsurvivors. The global discrimination level of pLA reached an AUC of 0.867, being 1.9 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L the cut‐off point for low and high mortality. The discrimination value of pLA was not affected by sex, age or pathology.ConclusionsOur results highlight the clinical importance of prehospital pLA to determine the in‐hospital risk of mortality. The incorporation of pLA into the EMS protocols could improve the early identification of risky patients, leading to a better care of such patients.
Assessing influence in biofuel production and ecosystem services when environmental changes affect plant–pest relationships
Authors: De Simone Walter , Iannella Mattia , D’Alessandro Paola , Biondi Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change is currently affecting both biodiversity and human activities; land use change and greenhouse gas emissions are the main drivers. Many agricultural services are affected by the change, which in turn reflects on the basic provisioning services, which supply food, fibre and biofuels. Biofuels are getting increasing interest because of their sustainability potential. Jatropha curcas gained popularity as a biodiesel crop, due to its ease of cultivation even in harsh environmental conditions. Notwithstanding its high economic importance, few studies are available about its co‐occurrence with pests of the genus Aphthona in sub‐Saharan Africa, where these insects feed on J. curcas, leading to relevant economic losses. Using ecological niche modelling and GIS post‐modelling analyses, we infer the current and future suitable territories for both these taxa, delineating areas where J. curcas cultivations may occur without suffering the presence of Aphthona, in the context of future climate and land use changing. We introduce an area‐normalized index, the ‘Potential‐Actual Cultivation Index’, to better depict the ratio between the suitable areas shared both by the crop and its pest, and the number of actual cultivations, in a target country. Moreover, we find high economic losses (~−50%) both in terms of carbon sequestration and in biodiesel production when J. curcas co‐occur with the Aphthona cookei species group.
The overexpression of RBM3 alleviates TBI‐induced behaviour impairment and AD‐like tauopathy in mice
Authors: Liu Bingjin , Cao Yun , Shi Fangxiao , Wang Lin , Li Na , Cheng Xiangshu , Du Jin , Tian Qing , Zhou Xinwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe therapeutic hypothermia is an effective tool for TBI‐associated brain impairment, but its side effects limit in clinical routine use. Hypothermia up‐regulates RNA‐binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), which is verified to protect synaptic plasticity. Here, we found that cognitive and LTP deficits, loss of spines, AD‐like tau pathologies are displayed one month after TBI in mice. In contrast, the deficits of LTP and cognitive, loss of spines and tau abnormal phosphorylation at several sites are obviously reversed in TBI mice combined with hypothermia pre‐treatment (HT). But, the neuroprotective role of HT disappears in TBI mouse models under condition of blocking RBM3 expression with RBM3 shRNA. In other hand, overexpressing RBM3 by AAV‐RBM3 plasmid can mimic HT‐like neuroprotection against TBI‐induced chronic brain injuries, such as improving LTP and cognitive, loss of spines and tau hyperphosphorylation in TBI mouse models. Taken together, hypothermia pre‐treatment reverses TBI‐induced chronic AD‐like pathology and behaviour deficits in RBM3 expression dependent manner, RBM3 may be a potential target for neurodegeneration diseases including Alzheimer disease.
In vivo SPF from multifunctional sunscreen systems developed with natural compounds—A review
Authors: Morocho‐Jácome Ana Lucía , Freire Thamires Batello , de Oliveira Andressa Costa , de Almeida Tânia Santos , Rosado Catarina , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Baby André Rolim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of sunscreens is mandatory, especially in countries with high ultraviolet (UV) incidence. In consequence, there has been a growing interest in using compounds from natural sources to develop new multifunctional products that protect human skin from the consequences of UV exposition. Even though there are in vitro methods to determine anti‐UV efficacy, it is still required to test photoprotection activity on human skin to validate product performance.Aim and MethodsIn this review, we summarized all reported clinical studies about sun protection factor (SPF) measurements of sunscreens with natural compounds. We also discussed the probable action mechanism of those actives.ResultsHerein, we provided an overview on recent studies concerning photoprotection activity of compounds from natural sources, for example, rutin, ferulic acid, caffeine, shea butter, and plant extracts, mainly presented in sunscreen systems with efficacy clinically established by SPF.ConclusionOur review suggested that even when the in vivo SPF evaluation has inherent difficulties, it is essential to assure the real efficacy of sunscreens. Furthermore, the incorporation of natural compounds could enhance the in vivo SPF values of such sunscreens by different mechanisms. Finally, some compounds derived from natural resources with skin benefits could be used as "green"/natural UV filters that provide broad‐spectrum sunscreens with further upgrading of the multifunctional dermocosmetic formulation to enhance aesthetics and even skin health.
The Forced Safety Effect: How Higher Capital Requirements Can Increase Bank Lending
Authors: BAHAJ SALEEM , MALHERBE FREDERIC 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTGovernment guarantees generate an implicit subsidy for banks. A capital requirement reduces this subsidy, through a simple liability composition effect. However, the guarantees also make a bank undervalue loans that generates surplus in states of the world in which it defaults. Raising the capital requirement makes the bank safer, which alleviates this problem. We refer to this mechanism, which we argue is empirically relevant, as the forced safety effect.
Discourse and Strategic Use of the Military in France and Europe in the COVID‐19 Crisis
Authors: Opillard Florian , Palle Angélique , Michelis Léa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn March 2020, the French President called to war against the COVID‐19 which was followed by the launch of a military operation called Operation Resilience. This use of martial rhetoric initiated an effective mobilisation consisting in logistical assistance to the health sector. While armies are increasingly used to deal with environmental disasters, aside from their traditional role, this paper postulates that the geography of the French and international military engagement can be used to analyse both the institutional strategy of crisis management and the message governments send to their population. Military involvement differs in terms of missions given and of the amount of troops mobilised. It first questions the use of the military in the name of national resilience in the political discourse and the way it displays a symbolic message to the population, before analysing the role of armies in the crisis through the spatiality of their interventions.