bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in microporous polymers from thermally rearranged polymers and polymers of intrinsic microporosity for membrane gas separation: Pushing performance limits and revisiting trade‐off lines
Authors: Lee Won Hee , Seong Jong Geun , Hu Xiaofan , Lee Young Moo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymers are promising materials for gas separation membranes. However, the trade‐off relationship between gas permeability and selectivity remains an obstacle for achieving polymer membranes that exhibit high gas permeation with desirable separation efficiency. Improving polymer microporosity is of interest in gas separation membranes to enhance gas transport behavior. Polymer modifications by (a) incorporating intrinsically microporous units and/or (b) increasing chain rigidity can enhance microporosity in conventional polymer membrane materials such as polyimides. These strategies are adopted for new classes of microporous polymers, thermally rearranged (TR) polymers, and polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), to maximize gas transport properties. Their outstanding gas separation performances have redefined the traditional trade‐off lines. This review aims to explore the advances in microporous polymers for gas separation applications. The approaches on TR polymers and PIMs to enhance their microporosity are listed, and their developments are evaluated in the context of revisiting performance limits for industrially relevant gas separation applications.
Preparation, Thermal and Sensitivity Properties of Nano‐Sized Spherical Nitrocellulose Composite Crystal
Authors: Meng Xiangjun , Pu Chengkai , Cui Pengteng , Xiao Zhenggang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity study of propellants has been the concern of many researchers, and many achievements have been gained in this field. Nitrocellulose was replaced by some energetic thermoplastic elastomers to prepare insensitive high energy propellants, which is an effective method for reducing the sensitivity of propellants. However, the propellants based on these binders still have some defects. Preparation and application of insensitive nitrocellulose may overcome these drawbacks and becomes a potential candidate to be used as an ingredient of insensitive high energy propellants without energetic thermoplastic elastomers. To reduce the sensitivity of nitrocellulose, a nano‐sized spherical nitrocellulose composite crystal was prepared by pretreatment, degradation and nitration of microcrystalline cellulose. The products were characterized by TEM, FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, elemental analysis, TGA, DSC and sensitivity tests. Results show that the prepared nano‐sized cellulose is spherical with a diameter in the range of 15–30 nm and displays a composite crystal with two kinds of crystalline structure. The nano‐sized spherical nitrocellulose composite crystal has a higher crystallinity and nitrogen content and less impact sensitivity in comparison with the common nitrocellulose. The improvement of crystal quality of nitrocellulose using composite crystal method is beneficial for reducing the impact sensitivity of nitrocellulose.
Rapid Assembly and Preparation of Energetic Microspheres LLM‐105/CL‐20
Authors: Zhang Yuanping , Hou Conghua , Li Congcong , Zhang Xin , Tan Yingxin , Wang Jingyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel composite microsphere of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) and 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) were fabricated by spray drying technology. The morphology, structure and thermal behavior of the obtained particles were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder x‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SEM results demonstrated that LLM‐105/CL‐20 microspheres in range of 1–3 μm are relatively uniform. PXRD and FT‐IR indicated that the peak patterns of the composite LLM‐105/CL‐20 has shifted slightly from the raw material. Thermal analysis implied that energetic microspheres LLM‐105/CL‐20 has lower decomposition. In addition, a possible formation mechanism for energetic microsphere was proposed. Moreover, the impact sensitivity of composite microspheres could be reduced 5 times compared to the raw CL‐20. This work may introduce a novel idea towards fabricating the composite microspheres.
Absolute configuration of four chiral isomers of pyrisoxazole and their bioactivity
Authors: Li Ziliang , Cong Yunbo , Ma Xiaohua , Wei Zhenyun , Cheng Chunsheng , Shi Fanian , Li Sanxi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyrisoxazole is a fungicide that has two chiral carbon atoms and four isomers: (3S,5R)‐, (3R,5S)‐, (3S,5S)‐, and (3R,5R)‐pyrisoxazole.RESULTSPure crystals of four pyrisoxazole isomers were prepared by chiral separation and single‐crystal cultivation. Their absolute configurations were established by X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Bioassays indicated that compound (3S,5R)‐pyrisoxazole showed excellent fungicidal activity with a median effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.14 μg mL−1 and protective activity with an EC50 value of 13.29 μg mL−1. These values are superior to the commercial fungicides boscalid and racemic pyrisoxazole.CONCLUSIONSThe biological activity of racemic pyrisoxazole is due almost exclusively to the isomer (3S,5R)‐pyrisoxazole; the other three isomers had very low activity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Uptake and translocation of imidacloprid via seed pathway and root pathway during early seedling growth of corn
Authors: Tang Xiujun , Hao Fengjiao , Yuan Huizhu , Yan Xiaojing , Yang Daibin , Taylor Alan G 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA systemic seed treatment can be taken up into shoot tissues during early corn seedling growth. However, the pathway that a systemic compound is taken up, either from seed or root uptake to shoot tissues is not fully understood. To study the single contributions of seed pathway and root pathway for the uptake and translocation of imidacloprid seed treatment, two methods were developed: A seed treatment method and a growing media/hydroponic solution delivery method. The seed treatment method employed a live and dead seed separated with plastic wrap to provide a barrier. The growing media/hydroponic solution delivery method quantified the capacity for uptake by seeds and roots.RESULTSThe seed pathway transported 1.9–2.5 times more imidacloprid into shoot tissues when compared to the root pathway at the same dosage rate. The higher amount of imidacloprid taken up and translocated by the seed pathway was attributed to the fact that the corn seeds were in direct contact with high provided concentrations of imidacloprid. However, the root pathway showed 7.9–9.5 times higher capacity for transporting imidacloprid into shoot tissues when compared with the seed pathway. Whenever imidacloprid was taken up by seed or root, amounts of imidacloprid were measured in both tissues of seed and root.CONCLUSIONThe seed pathway transported more imidacloprid than the root pathway during early seedling growth since corn seeds were contacted by higher concentrations of imidacloprid. Both seed pathway and root pathway were occurring concurrently during early seedling growth of corn. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil infiltration and conservative solute transport characteristics with different viscosity of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Authors: Ren Min , Wu Junhu , Shao Fanfan , Liu Xia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), a potential soil improver with the ability to hold water, has practical applicability in alleviating soil and water nutrient loss. By using Cl− as tracer ions, we evaluated the effects of different HPMC viscosities on soil water infiltration characteristics and conservative solute migration characteristics. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with viscosities of 2 × 104, 6 × 104, 10 × 104, and 20 × 104 mPa s−1 was selected. Experimental results revealed that the cumulative infiltration amount, wetting front migration distance, and infiltration rate decreased significantly with increased HPMC viscosity. The addition of HPMC delayed the soil solute transport process, and HPMC with a higher viscosity caused greater soil solute transport delay. Both the convection‐dispersion equation (CDE) and the two‐region model (TRM) accurately simulated solute transport, but the simulation accuracy of the TRM was higher. Results of parametric fitting based on the TRM indicated that the average pore water velocity, hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and dispersion degree decrease with increased HPMC viscosity. The average pore water velocity decreased by 13.6–28.2% relative to the control group (CG). Compared with the CG, the water content ratio in movable water of HPMC groups changed irregularly with an increase in viscosity. The mass exchange coefficient increased significantly compared with the CG, with an irregular trend. These data will be useful in the application and promotion of HPMC as a soil improver.
Rural World, Migration, and Agriculture in Mediterranean EU: An Introduction
Authors: Nori Michele , Farinella Domenica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis book investigates the dynamics that are reshaping human and natural landscapes in the European agrarian world, with a specific focus on Mediterranean Europe. We focus here on more marginal rural settings, where the potential for agricultural intensification is structurally limited. These areas in particular have suffered from the geographical and socio-economic polarization of development patterns and have paid a relevant burden to the recent crisis.
The usefulness of the retinal sensitivity measurement with a microperimetry for predicting the visual prognosis of branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema
Authors: Fujino Ryosuke , Asaoka Ryo , Aoki Shuichiro , Sugiura Aya , Kusakabe Mari , Asano-Shimizu Kimiko , Nomura Yoko , Aoki Aya , Hashimoto Yohei , Azuma Keiko , Inoue Tatsuya , Obata Ryo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the usefulness of the retinal sensitivity in branch retinal vein occlusion (BVO) with macular edema (ME) following the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Methods
Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were carried out in 20 patients with BVO with ME, at baseline and 1 month after the anti-VEGF treatment. The relationships among BCVA, mean retinal sensitivity (MS), macular volume (MV), central retinal thickness (CRT), integrity of ellipsoid zone (EZ), mean retinal sensitivity in the most affected quadrant (qMS), and macular volume in the most affected quadrant (qMV) were investigated. In addition, the relationships among the change in BCVA at 1 month (ΔBCVA1m), mean sensitivity in the most affected quadrant at 1 month (ΔqMS1m), MV in the most affected quadrant at 1 month (ΔqMV1m), and CRT at 1 month (ΔCRT1m) were analyzed. The optimal model for BCVA at 3 months after the treatment (BCVA3m) was identified.

Results
There was not a significant difference in BCVA (paired Wilcoxon test, p = 0.058) between at baseline and after the treatment, but there were significant differences in MS, MV, CRT, qMS, and qMV (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between ΔqMS1m and ΔMV1m, ΔCRT1m, and ΔqMV1m, respectively. ΔMS1m or ΔqMS1m and BCVA at baseline and ΔBCVA1m were selected as explanatory variables in the optimal model for BCVA3m.

Conclusion
Retinal sensitivity was related to retinal structure, whereas this was not the case with BCVA. In addition, retinal sensitivity was useful to predict BCVA after anti-VEGF therapy.
Hochtemperaturprozesstechnik
Authors: Doschek-Held Klaus , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Hochtemperaturprozesstechnik als Arbeitsgruppe des Lehrstuhls für Thermoprozesstechnik beschäftigt sich mit konkreten metallurgischen und verfahrenstechnischen Problemstellungen bei Temperaturen über 1000 °C. Die gegenwärtig behandelten Schwerpunkte der Arbeitsgruppe sind Recycling- bzw. Wärmerückgewinnungsprozesse sowie Brenner- und Industrieofentechnik. Die grundlegende Motivation liegt dabei in der nachhaltigen Primärressourcenschonung, Abfallvermeidung sowie der Energieeffizienzsteigerung von Gesamtprozessen.In Folge werden die Bestrebungen anhand der Kompetenzen und Anlagenausstattung sowie der aktuellen Forschungsprojekte am Lehrstuhl im Bereich der Hochtemperaturprozesstechnik dargelegt.
EORTC QLU-C10D value sets for Austria, Italy, and Poland
Authors:   the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group, Gamper E. M. , King M. T. , Norman R. , Efficace F. , Cottone F. , Holzner B. , Kemmler G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To develop Austrian, Italian, and Polish general population value sets for the EORTC QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific utility instrument based on the EORTC QLQ-C30, and to descriptively compare their index scores for distinct health states.

Methods
The QLU-C10D descriptive system comprises 10 health attributes and each can take on 4 levels. A standardised and pre-tested methodology has been applied for valuations including a web-based discrete choice experiment (DCE). It was administered in 1000 general population respondents per country recruited via online panels, aiming at representativeness for core socio-demographic variables.

Results
In all three countries, the attributes with the largest impact on utility were physical functioning, pain, and role functioning. Cancer-specific dimensions with the largest impact were nausea and fatigue or bowel problems. Utility values of the worst health state (i.e. severe problems on all 10 dimension) were -0.111 (Austria), 0.025 (Italy), and 0.048 (Poland). Country-specific utilities differed for a selection of health states across the continuum. Austrian utilities were systematically lower for moderately and severely impaired health states.

Conclusion
QLU-C10D cancer-specific utilities can now be calculated in three more countries. Differences between countries indicate that careful consideration is required when using non-country-specific value sets in economic evaluations.
The relationship between sclerostin and carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Ban , Chen Aiqun , Wang Haitao , Cui Ju , Sun Ying , Xu Lengnan , Mao Yonghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sclerostin is an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We previously reported that sclerostin is closely related to carotid artery atherosclerosis and long-term outcome in hemodialysis patients. The present study investigated the association between sclerostin, renal function, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in non-dialysis patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 3–5ND).

Methods
A total of 140 patients with CKD 3–5ND were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery were detected by B-mode Doppler ultrasound. Blood samples were collected to assess serum sclerostin levels. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Results
The median eGFR was 24.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range [IQR] 10.0–40.3 ml/min/1.73 m2) and median serum sclerostin level was 46.76 pmol/l (IQR 30.18–67.56 pmol/l). Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 104 subjects (74.3%). There was a negative association between sclerostin level and eGFR (r =  − 0.214, p = 0.011). Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that sclerostin level was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of carotid plaques, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.026 (1.003, 1.051).

Conclusion
Serum sclerostin increases with declining renal function in patients with CKD 3–5ND. Sclerostin is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.
A Note on Exploratory Item Factor Analysis by Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Chen Yunxiao , Li Xiaoou 
Published: May 2020

We revisit a singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm given in Chen et al. (Psychometrika 84:124–146, 2019b) for exploratory item factor analysis (IFA). This algorithm estimates a multidimensional IFA model by SVD and was used to obtain a starting point for joint maximum likelihood estimation in Chen et al. (2019b). Thanks to the analytic and computational properties of SVD, this algorithm guarantees a unique solution and has computational advantage over other exploratory IFA methods. Its computational advantage becomes significant when the numbers of respondents, items, and factors are all large. This algorithm can be viewed as a generalization of principal component analysis to binary data. In this note, we provide the statistical underpinning of the algorithm. In particular, we show its statistical consistency under the same double asymptotic setting as in Chen et al. (2019b). We also demonstrate how this algorithm provides a scree plot for investigating the number of factors and provide its asymptotic theory. Further extensions of the algorithm are discussed. Finally, simulation studies suggest that the algorithm has good finite sample performance.
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Associated Risk Factors among Bangladeshi University Students: An Exploratory Pilot Study
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sabbir , Sen Liton Chandra , Khan Safayet , Yunus Fakir Md , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been a global rise in the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves the inhalation of heated tobacco smoke after passing through water, and it has been associated with an identified dependence effect similar to that found with cigarette smoking. Despite the popularity of waterpipe tobacco among youth (and in particular, university students) in many countries, detailed data of its usage are lacking in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore waterpipe tobacco smoking behavior and normative beliefs among university students in Bangladesh and to assess the factors associated with waterpipe tobacco use. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was carried out among 340 Bangladeshi university students (64.4% male; mean age 21.6 years). Among participants, 13.5% reported they had ever smoked tobacco from a waterpipe and 9.4% had it in past 30 days. Among past 30-day users, 72% were categorized as having waterpipe smoking dependence (n = 23). No females in the sample had ever smoked using a waterpipe. Maternal occupation, monthly expenditure, and regular smoking status were major predominant factors associated with waterpipe smoking behavior of the students. The study is of existential value given that there are no prior studies ever carried out in Bangladesh previously. Recommendations are provided based on the study’s findings, particularly in relation to what action is needed from universities in Bangladesh.
Medizinische Versorgung in Medizinischen Behandlungszentren für Erwachsene mit geistiger und schwerst-mehrfacher Behinderung (MZEB): eine qualitative Studie zu aktuellen Herausforderungen aus Sicht der Behandler_innen
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Kostka Jacqueline , Olukcu Sema 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch das GKV-Versorgungsstärkungsgesetz wurde die Grundlage zur medizinischen Versorgung von erwachsenen Menschen mit Behinderung (MmB) in Medizinischen Behandlungszentren für Erwachsene mit geistiger Behinderung oder schweren Mehrfachbehinderungen (MZEB) geschaffen, um die Versorgungslücke im Anschluss an die Versorgung in Sozialpädiatrischen Zentren (SPZ) für Minderjährige mit Behinderung zu schließen.

Fragestellung
Bislang fehlt Kenntnis darüber, a) wie sich Zugang zu und Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgung im MZEB gestaltet und b) welche förderlichen oder hinderlichen Faktoren sich dabei beobachten lassen.

Material und Methode
Es wurden insgesamt acht leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit Behandler_innen im MZEB sowie einem Vertreter der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft (BAG) MZEB geführt. Anhand vorab festgelegter Kategorien wurde das Material mittels der strukturierenden und zusammenfassenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass organisatorisch strukturelle Faktoren (u. a. Definition der Zielgruppe) sowie die finanzielle Ressourcenausstattung derzeit den Zugang zu und die Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen hemmen. Als förderliche Faktoren im MZEB werden die multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit, die zeitlichen Ressourcen einer zielgruppenadäquaten Versorgung sowie die Unterstützung durch Angehörige oder Betreuungspersonal genannt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Organisatorische, strukturelle und finanzielle Faktoren erschweren den Zugang zum MZEB. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um den Etablierungsprozess der MZEB in Deutschland zu untersuchen und um überdies die Perspektive der Zielgruppe selbst hinsichtlich des Zugangs und der Inanspruchnahme sowie förderlicher und hinderlicher Faktoren zu erfassen.
Das Gesundheitsverhalten von Pflegekräften – aktueller Forschungsstand, Potenziale und mögliche Herausforderungen
Authors: Mojtahedzadeh Natascha , Neumann Felix Alexander , Augustin Matthias , Zyriax Birgit-Christiane , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel bietet eine Übersicht zum aktuellen Forschungsstand bezüglich des Gesundheitsverhaltens von Beschäftigten aus der Pflegebranche. Trotz der wachsenden Anzahl an ambulant gepflegten Personen und damit dem Beschäftigtenwachstum in dieser Branche existieren aktuell kaum Erkenntnisse und empirische Befunde über das Gesundheitsverhalten von deutschen Pflegekräften. Die bisher verfügbare Informationslage deutet allerdings auf eine ungesunde Ernährungsweise, mangelhafte körperliche Aktivität sowie auf mangelnde Möglichkeiten von Pausen- und Regenerationseinheiten hin. Forschungs- und Interventionsarbeiten zur Analyse des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsverhaltens als Grundlage zur Entwicklung bedarfsgerechter gesundheitsförderlicher Maßnahmen sind unabdingbar.
The European Supervisory Authorities: role-models or in need of re-modelling?
Authors: Botopoulos Kostas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) are, for almost a decade now, part of the financial landscape, arbiters as well as players in what has turned out to be a complex and frail system. They have served well, but should they remain unchanged? The present article analyses the way they were conceived and set up, their architecture, their legal and substantive characteristics and deals with the question of their reform.