bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified cassava flour (mocaf) as food additive on infant instant cream soup using fortificant of natural folic acid
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Maryati Yati , Melanie Hakiki , Lotulung Puspa D. , Aspiyanto  , Artanti Nina , Budiari Setyani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modified cassava flour (Mocaf) can be used for food additive on the formulation of infant instant cream soup as thickener and binder of folic acid. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum formulation condition of added mocaf and folic acid fortificant on infant cream soup for complementary feeding. Infant cream soup was prepared by adding mocaf at concentration 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30% (w/w, base formula of cream soup), fortificant A (mixture of soy tempeh, nixtamalized corn, and fermented broccoli), and fortificant B (mixture of mung beans, nixtamalized corn and fermented broccoli). The optimum condition was achieved by adding mocaf at the concentration 30% and fortificant A, with composition of folic acid 191.14 µg/mL, dissolved protein 39.72 mg/mL, total solids 91.43 %, total sugars 926.73 mg/mL and reducing sugars 52.1 mg/mL. This formulation was able to increase folic acid by 10.27-folds in comparison with base formula of infant soup. LC-MS analysis showed folic acid monomer with molecular weight 442.75 m/z. Volatile compounds were dominated by acetic acid, furan and, fatty acid. Particle size distribution at quantities 10, 50 and 90% (v/w) had particle size of 10.58, 22.46, and 470.52 μm, respectively or average 141.26 μm.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles from iron sand in Batanghari Beach
Authors: Safitri I , Wibowo Y G , Rosarina D , Sudibyo  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The utilization of sand is still limited as a building material, so development is needed to increase the use-value of iron sand from the Batanghari River. No one study was found to improve iron sand in this field into magnetic material. This paper informs a case study of the synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the Batanghari Jambi river iron sand using the coprecipitation method. Sintering temperature variations were carried out to see the effect of sintering temperature on crystal size, crystal structure, and optical properties of the sample. Sintering temperature variations used are 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C. The synthesis results showed that the sintering temperature of iron sand extract did not affect the crystal structure formed. However, the sintering temperature affects the size of the crystal; the higher the sintering temperature, the size of the crystal will be even greater. At a temperature of 300°C, a Fe3O4 crystal size was 6.94 nm, at a temperature of 400°C a Fe3O4 crystal size was 8.29 nm and at a temperature of 500°C a crystal size of 10.15 nm was obtained. The synthesis results also show that the higher the sintering temperature, the optical properties of the iron sand extract, the better. The decreasing energy gap value indicates this. At a temperature of 300°C, a gap energy value of 2.0 eV was obtained, at a temperature of 400°C a gap energy value of 1.9 eV was obtained and at a temperature of 500°C, the energy gap obtained was 1.8 eV.
Antifungal activities of lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolated from various types of Tempe
Authors: Damayanti Ema , Shabrina Nur , Prihantoro Faisal Azis , Shovitri Maya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mycotoxin-producing fungi are harmful contaminants in food and feed products. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast groups are known to produce antifungals. Indonesia is known as a Tempe-producing country, an important functional fermented food. Soybean Tempe has been commonly known and well-studied, while other types of Tempe such as Tempe Gembus, Tempe Koro, Tempe Lamtoro and Oncom have not been well studied. This study aimed to determine LAB and yeast population in various types of Tempe and to select antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Research methods included total aflatoxin analysis in Tempe products, enumeration and isolation of LAB and yeast, and antifungal assay. The results showed that the total aflatoxins in all Tempe products were 1.99 - 3.84 ppb and it was qualified as food for consumption. The total LABs were 7.16 - 8.25 log10 cfu/g while the total yeast was 4.48 - 7.38 log10 cfu/gram. The highest antifungal activities in mycotoxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus parasiticus and Penicillium citrinum, shown by LAB G1 isolates which were identified as Lactobacillus sp. and yeast G6K1 and G6K2 which were identified as Saccharomyces spp. All the selected isolates were isolated from Tempe Gembus. The clear zone diameter of antifungals was 15-20 mm and 3.5 mm respectively for LAB G1 and G6K1-G6K2. These selected LAB and yeast had the potential to be used as natural bio-preservatives in functional food products to prevent the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi.
Study of isothermic absorption model of moisture content of fibrous instant corn rice
Authors: Darmajana D A , Indriati A , Rahmawati D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In general, storage of food products made from grains is carried out in an environment with uncontrolled air temperature and humidity. In this situation, changes in temperature and humidity will continue according to daily weather patterns. Food products stored in this environment will experience adsorption and desorption processes alternately and continuously throughout the day. Dried food that has not reached its equilibrium moisture content tends to absorb moisture during storage so that it will trigger a decrease in quality through a series of physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. The relationship between water activity and equilibrium moisture content during storage can be approached with an isothermic sorption model. The purpose of this research is to determine the equilibrium moisture content of fibrous instant corn rice in various relative humidity (RH) values and to find a mathematical model from isothermic sorption curve of fibrous instant corn rice. The research methodologies include the production of fibrous instant corn rice, the determination of equilibrium moisture content at various RH (40%-90%), and mathematical modeling of isothermic sorption curves with standard model approaches (Caurie, Hasley, and Oswin). The results showed that the water vapor adsorption process occurred in the isothermic sorption experiments of fibrous instant corn rice at a temperature of 30°C which was marked by an increase in the moisture content of the instant fibrous instant corn rice at 40-90% RH. Hasley equation model: (log [ln (1/aw)] = -3.2810 - 3.0945 log Me), Caurrie: (ln Me = -3.3084 + 1.8163 aw) and Oswin: (ln Me = -2.3301 + 0.2805 ln [aw/(1-aw)]) can accurately describe the isothermic adsorption of fibrous instant corn rice at 30°C because it has an Mean Relative Determination (MRD) value of less than 5.
Accelerated shelf life testing of mocatilla chip using critical moisture content approach and models of sorption Isotherms
Authors: Putri D P , Yulianti L E , Afifah N 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMocatilla is a tortilla chip made from composite flour consists of modified cassava, corn, and rice flour which is enriched by tempeh. This study aimed to estimate the shelf life of mocatilla chips when packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and aluminum foil (alufo) using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method by the critical moisture content approach. The study was conducted by determining the initial, critical, and equilibrium moisture content of the sample by thermogravimetry. Six models of moisture sorption isotherm were fitted to determine the equilibrium moisture content using six salts with relative humidity (RH) values at a range of 0.076-0.903. The result showed that the initial and critical moisture content of mocatilla chips (g H2O/g solid) was 0.0141 and 0.0532, respectively. Meanwhile the equilibrium moisture content at relative humidity 80% and temperature 30°C was 0.1471. The Guggenheim Anderson de Boer (GAB) equation was the most suitable model for describing the sorption isotherm phenomenon of mocatilla chips. Based on Labuza’s equation, the shelf life prediction of mocatilla chips (80% RH, 30°C) packed in PET, PP, and alufo was 3, 8, and 62 months, respectively.
Encapsulation of proteins with high/low pI in PLGA-particles for oral delivery
Authors: Pratiwi Riyona Desvy , Agustiyanti Dian Fitria , Agustiani Fitri , Warsito Mega Ferdina , Mustopa Apon Zaenal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer used for controlled drug delivery of small molecules or macromolecules including protein. Proteins highly requires an advanced drug delivery system because of its sensitivity towards many factors such as temperature, hygroscopicity, and biological system. Particularly for oral dosage form, protein must be encapsulated in extremely low pH resistant particle. Protein’s intrinsic characterization determines effectivity of the encapsulation. The recent method of PLGA particle preparation was more suitable for proteins with low pI. PLGA showed higher effectivity to encapsulate protein with low pI such as BSA (pI = ˜ 4.8) than that of high pI for instance lysozyme (pI = ˜ 11). In the study, protein release and physico-chemical characterizations of BSA loaded PLGA-particle were performed.
A review on factors affecting chitosan nanoparticles formation
Authors: Warsito Mega Ferdina , Agustiani Fitri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChitosan has been widely used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industries, due to its biodegradable, biocompatible, low toxicity, and mucoadhesive properties. Chitosan nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for delivery of drugs, herbal products, proteins or peptides and genes. The particle size of chitosan nanoparticles has an important effect on their properties in its pharmaceutical application. Smaller particle size can entrap higher concentration of therapeutic agents, improve drug stability and its bioavailability, and provide sustained delivery. Although diverse efforts have been made to obtain the chitosan nanoparticles and its potential pharmaceutical applications, optimization of the fabricating conditions and the comprehensive properties of the resultant chitosan nanoparticles is still an ongoing important study subject. In this review, we will describe several factors that affect chitosan nanoparticle formation specifically in ionic gelation method, such as chitosan characteristic, i.e. degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and the ratio of chitosan-crosslinker, type and concentration of crosslinker, mixing procedure, and condition. We will also give an overview of the characterization process of the chitosan nanoparticles.
Catalytic conversion of ethanol to butanol over magnesium oxide catalysts
Authors: Susanto Stanley Austin , Yunarti Rika Tri , Widjaya Robert Ronal , Maryati Yati , Dwiatmoko Adid Adep , Aulia Fauzan , Rinaldi Nino 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Several types of magnesium oxide (MgO) has been studied as catalyst for catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol. The reactions have been conducted at 350 °C in batch reactor. MgO catalysts have been characterized by XRD, CO2-TPD, and N2-physisorption. It was found that of the highest yield of butanol was obtained from MgO synthesized from precipitation method. The highest butanol yield was 2.4% at our experimental conditions. This was attributed to its surface area and basicity.
Enzymatic biodelignification of Corncob by Laccase (Lac) from Cerrena Sp.B.Md.T.A.1.
Authors: Muryanto Muryanto , Muharramah Rifqa , Falah Syamsul , Hidayat Asep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Corn (Zea mays) is a commodity of food crops that are important after rice in Indonesia. Corn plantation produces waste in the form of corncob. Corncob is lignocellulosic biomass that can converted to cellulose, even sugar or another chemical like ethanol. The first step for utilization of corncob is delignification. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify the enzyme laccase from white rot fungus Cerrena sp.B.Md.T.A.1 that inoculation in GDP media used for biodelignification of corncobs. Enzymatic biodelignification conduct with the variation of substrate was 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v), while the time variation were 6 hours and 24 hours. The percentage of lignin concentration before pretreatment reached is 37.25%. The highest reduction of lignin content was achieved in 15% substrate for 24 hours incubation time around 42.71%.
Alternative Use of Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) as Carrier of Natural Folic Acid in Infant Biscuits for Complementary Feeding
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto  , Melanie Hakiki , Maryati Yati , Lotulung Puspa Dewi , Devi Anastasia Fitria , Budiari Setyani 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModified cassava flour (mocaf) is an alternative food ingredient used in preparation of biscuits as a binder and a carrier of folic acid fortificant. This work aimed to evaluate the mocaf addition with natural folic acid fortificants in two infant biscuit formulations. Mocaf was added at concentration of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4% (w/w, control formula of infant biscuit) with folic acid fortificant A (mixture of nixtamalized corn, soy tempeh and fermented broccoli) and B (mixture of nixtamalized corn, mung beans tempeh and fermented broccoli). The optimum condition was achieved at mocaf concentration of 0.3% and resulted in infant biscuits A and B with folic acid content of 212.23µg/mL and 438.74µg/mL, dissolved protein 27.41 mg/mL and 28.88 mg/mL, total sugars of 358.20 mg/mL and 322.72 mg/mL, reducing sugars of 35.10 mg/mL and 39.78 mg/mL, total solids of 94.82% and 92.43%, respectively. The formulations of biscuits A and B increased folic acid content by 80.05% and 199.55% compared to the counterpart without mocaf addition. The predominant folic acid monomers had molecular weight of 442 m/z. Volatile compounds were identified as acetic acid, furan, and fatty acids. Biscuits A and B displayed average particle size of 69.07 μm and 69.78 μm with hardness of 8.44 N and 16.94 N, and lightness of 35.68 and 36.86, respectively.
The effect of particle size and brewing time of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder to the characteristic and acceptance of the herbal product
Authors: Ratnawati L , Desnilasari D , Yulianti L E , Kristanti D , Putri D P , Sholichah E , Andriansyah C E , Herminiati A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ginger is one of the famous herbals that traditionally medicinal used in Indonesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of particle size and brewing time of ginger powder to the characteristic (moisture content, extractable matter, color and antioxidant activity) and acceptance of the herbal product. This study conducted using a completely randomized design with 2 factors namely particle size (40, 20 and 10 mesh) and brewing time (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). The result showed that particle size significantly (p<0.05) affected the moisture content. It is also significantly affected the extractable matter, color, and antioxidant activity. The brewing time was significantly (p<0.05) affected the extractable matter, color, antioxidant activity, and acceptance of the panelist to the ginger extract as herbal product. The largest particle size with the longest brewing tends to produce the highest extractable matter i.e 15.7%. The larger particle size causes a decrease in the L-values, an increase in the a-values, and a decrease in the b-values. The shortest brewing time with 20 mesh tends to produce the highest antioxidant activity i.e 77.97%. In concluding the ginger powder with a 20-mesh particle size and a 5 minutes brewing time was chosen to be the best treatment based on its antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation. It has the characteristics of extractable matter, L, a, b, antioxidant activity and acceptance including color, aroma, taste, after taste and overall namely 10.04%, 30.40, 1.15, 4.07, 77.97%, 3.2, 3.27, 3.1, 3.3 and 3.33, respectively.
Physicochemical and microbiological properties of Pudding Powder as a complementary food during storage
Authors: Kristanti D , Herminiati A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The product evaluation during storage is important because it is related to food safety. The pudding powder as a complementary food was made from skim milk powder, sugar, mocaf, and carrageenan which enriched with inulin and fortified with micronutrient premix. The pudding powder were packed in polyethylene plastic (PE) and aluminium foil (AF) pouches to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiology properties at 15°C, 30°C, and 45°C for 4 weeks. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s means test (significance level of p<0.05). The moisture content, protein, and lightness of all pudding powder were significantly decreased, while a value and Total Plate Count (TPC) were significantly increased after storage. The storage with AF pouches were not significantly affect the weight of pudding powder after first week storage. The water activity (aw) of AF45 was the highest among others. It affects the decreasing of protein, increasing of TPC, browning and caking on this pudding powder. The best storage condition of pudding powder for both pouches was at temperature 15°C.
Antioxidant compound from Myristica fatua Houtt Leaves
Authors: Fajriah S , Megawati M , Darmawan A , Hudiyono S , Kosela S , Hanafi M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Antioxidant plays an important role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. By using DPPH radical scavenging assay-guided fractionation, a bioactive compound has been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Myristica fatua Houtt and subsequently identified as methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic (MDB). The structure of MDB was confirmed by UV, FT-IR, MS, 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy. This compound exhibit antioxidant activity together with previous compounds i.e (7S,8R,8′S,7′S)-7,7′-bis(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-8,8′-dimethylbuthane-7,7′-diol and 3”-hydroxy demethyldactyloidin with IC50 values 7.96, 101.1 and 15.4 μg/mL, respectively. These findings demonstrate that MDB can be considered as a natural antioxidant.
Bitterness reduction of Green Chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) leaves and its functionality
Authors: Natania Kam , Haniel Kezia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Green chiretta leaves, known for its bitterness, is an Indonesian native traditional herb, used for its functional and medicinal properties. This research aimed to reduce the bitterness of green chiretta leaves using adsorbent technique and to observe how it might affect the functional properties of the chiretta leaves. The debittering process was done by utilizing diatomite, bentonite, and attapulgite as the adsorbent, together with 5, 10, and 20 minutes of boiling time. The leaves were then subjected to bitterness and phytochemical analysis. The bitterness was analyzed using scalar methods, the antioxidant properties were analyzed by measuring the IC50 value against DPPH solution, and the phytochemical compounds (total phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and terpenoid) was analyzed quantitatively. Different adsorbent will adsorb different phytochemical compound. As the boiling time increases, the number of phytochemical compounds also reduced, hence resulting in a decrease of bitterness and IC50 value. This study found that the use of attapulgite with 20 minutes of boiling reduce the bitterness up to (90%) of the leaves due to its ability to adsorb terpenoid content while still retained their antioxidant properties better than bentonite or diatomite.
Antihyperlipidemia activity of ethanol extract the stem bark of Flacourtia rukam on propylthiouracil-induced albino rats, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Julinar Julinar , Yohandini Heni , Fitrya Fitrya , Melati Rima 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Flacourtia rukam belongs to one of the traditional medicinal plants used by the people, especially in South Sumatra for the treatment of hypertension. One of the triggers for hypertension is high levels of cholesterol in the blood. The in vivo research of the anti-hyperlipidemia activity of ethanol extract the stem bark of F. rukam on Propylthiouracil-induced albino rats Rattus noverticus (Wistar Strain) has been done. The animal test was separated into 6 groups i.e. normal group, negative, positive (simvastatin), and 3 treatment groups with a variation extract dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The measurement of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels using the photometric enzymatic method. The result shows that ethanol extract of F. rukam gives the highest anti hyperlipidemia activity at 400 mg/kg BW with decreased total cholesterol percentage of 56.28%, triglycerides 57.34 %, LDL 54.29%, and increased HDL 58.77%. Statistical analysis shows that the treatment groups I, II, and III can reduce the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and higher-level LDL. The effective dose (ED50) is 327.83 mg/kg BW. Based on this result, the traditional plant can be used in hyperlipidemia treatment.
Extraction and identification of Mitragynine from the Kratom Leaf (Mitragyna speciosa) using HFC-134a subcritical system
Authors: Lelono Arthur A , Latifah Ita L , Herdiawan Herlan , Cahyani Rina Wahyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is tree that useful as herbal medicine commonly found in Indonesia and other Southeast Asia Countries. Kratom has been consumed by chewing it or brewed like tea, it is useful to treated fever, muscle ache and diarrhea pain. Sedatives and stimulant effect on the central nervous system are side effect of Kratom leaves infusion. It contains mitragynine that have strong affinity on opioid receptor, therefor classified as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Others compounds in Kratom is 7-hydroxymitragynine, paynantheine, speciogy nine and speciociliatine. The aim of this study was to study the mitragynine and other secondary metabolites on the Kratom using subcritical HFC R134a extraction method and identified with TLC, LCMS/MS and GCMS. The HFC-134a subcritical system method is based on the advantage strength and physical properties of refrigerant R134a as solvent. Subcritical fluid extraction has potentially alternative method to isolate bioactive compound of the herbal plants. The result was 0.7878 g extract Kratom was produced, TLC spot at Rf 0.49, GCMS peak at RT at 18.327 and LCMS/MS peak of RT 7.12 with mass spectrum at 399.2m/z, 174.1 m/z and 159.1 m/z belong to mitragynine.
Degradation of 2-chlorophenol in dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Suryo Samantha , Diristiani Febri Monica , Khairunizzahrah Badzlina , Bismo Setijo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Liquid waste containing 2-chlorophenol compound has high toxicity, carcinogenic, and poor degradation properties, leading to bioaccumulation in the environment. It also considered as a primary chemical feedstock in the manufacture and widely used in various industry. Conventional methods such as chlorination, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, steam distillation, photocatalytic are inefficient and expensive. Plasma technology with a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor can efficiently degrade chlorophenol compounds without producing side effects. Various active species produced in the reactor are electrons and radical compounds •OH, O3, H2O2. This study aims to evaluate the degradation performance of DBD plasma reactors, namely the percentage of degradation, degradation concentrations of 2-chlorophenol, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Variations were made with pH 4 and 10, while the fixed variables were waste flow rate 50 mL/min, air flow rate 2.5 L/min, and plasmatron voltage 19kV. It was found that degradation process of 2-chlorophenol with DBD reactor in pH 4 and 10 achieve 70.96% and 79.41%, respectively.