bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT): study protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sinclair Lesley , McFadden Margaret , Tilbrook Helen , Mitchell Alex , Keding Ada , Watson Judith , Bauld Linda , Kee Frank , Torgerson David , Hewitt Catherine , McKell Jennifer , Hoddinott Pat , Harris Fiona M , Uny Isabelle , Boyd Kathleen , Mcmeekin Nicola , Ussher Michael , Tappin David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Eighty percent of UK women have at least one baby, making pregnancy an opportunity to help women to stop smoking before their health is irreparably compromised. Smoking cessation during pregnancy helps protect infants from miscarriage, still birth, low birth weight, asthma, attention deficit disorder and adult cardiovascular disease. UK national guidelines highlight lack of evidence for effectiveness of financial incentives to help pregnant smokers quit. This includes a research recommendation: Within a UK context, are incentives an acceptable, effective and cost-effective way to help pregnant women who smoke to quit?
Methods
CPIT III is a pragmatic, 39-month, multi-centre, parallel group, individually randomised controlled superiority trial of the effect on smoking status of adding to usual smoking cessation support the offer of up to £400 of financial voucher incentives, compared with usual support alone, to quit smoking during pregnancy.
Participants (n = 940) are pregnant smokers (age > 16, <24 weeks pregnant, English speaking), who consent via telephone to take part and are willing to be followed-up in late pregnancy and 6 months after birth.
The primary outcome is cotinine/anabasine validated abstinence from smoking in late pregnancy. Secondary outcomes include engagement with cessation services, quit rates at four weeks from agreed quit date and 6 months after birth, and birth weight. Outcomes will be analysed by intention-to-treat, and regression models will be used to compare treatment effects on outcomes. A meta-analysis will include data from the feasibility study in Glasgow. An economic evaluation will assess cost-effectiveness from a UK NHS perspective. Process evaluation using a case study approach will identify opportunities to improve recruitment and learning for future implementation.
Research questions: What is the therapeutic efficacy of incentives? Are incentives cost-effective? What are the potential facilitators and barriers to implementing incentives in different parts of the UK?
Discussion
This phase III trial in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland, follows a successful phase II trial in Glasgow UK. The participating sites have diverse smoking cessation services, that represent most cessation services in the UK and serve demographically varied populations. If found to be acceptable and cost-effective this trial could demonstrate that financial incentives are effective and transferable to most UK cessation services for pregnant women.
Identity Matters- Perceptions of Inter-Professional Feedback in the Context of Workplace-based Assessment in Diabetology Training: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Feller Katrin , Berendonk Christoph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background:
Inter-professional collaboration is acknowledged as essential for quality patient-care. However, little is known about receptiveness to inter-professional feedback in the postgraduate training. This study explores, in light of social identity theory, the perceptions of residents, supervising physicians and allied health care professionals regarding inter-professional feedback in the context of workplace-based assessment.
Methods:
For six months, residents in diabetology at the University Hospital of Bern performed formative workplace-based assessments under direct observation of a supervising physician and an allied health care professional. Feedback from both observers was given to the resident after every assessment. Subsequently, focus group discussions were conducted to collect the participants’ perceptions of inter- and intra-professional feedback. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively using a thematic analysis approach.
Results:
We identified four main themes: (1) Identity and hierarchy; (2) Interdependence of feedback source and feedback content; (3) Impact on collaboration and patient-care; (4) Logistical and organizational requirements. While different social identities are the source of inter-professional hierarchies, they did not impede the receptiveness to feedback. Perceived trustworthiness of the feedback was attributed with more importance than professional affiliations, whereas intra-professional hierarchies between physicians led to the perception of a more summative nature of the feedback and rather impeded receptiveness. According to the participants, inter-professional feedback raised awareness of the working reality of other team members and had a positive impact on communication between the different professional groups. Moreover, participants reported positive response from patients regarding the inter-professional collaboration they experienced. Considerable organizational effort is required to enable the parallel observation of a resident’s consultation by a supervising physician and an allied health care professional.
Conclusions:
Feedback from allied health care professionals can be a valuable learning resource for residents, given its role outside the sometimes conflicting area of intra-professional hierarchies. Inter-professional feedback in the context of workplace-based assessment carries the potential to strengthen collaboration between the different professional groups.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among a Community-Based Sample of Parents and Adolescents
Authors: Afifi Tracie , Salmon Samantha , Davila Isabel Garcés , Struck Shannon , Fortier Janique , Taillieu Tamara , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Asmundson Gordon J.G. , Sareen Jitender , MacMillan Harriet L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Correlation between the efficacy of stem cell therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head and cell viability
Authors: Wu ZhanYu , Sun Qi , Liu Ming , Grottkau Brian , He ZhiXu , Zou Qiang , Ye Chuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common disease that greatly affects the quality of life of patients. Repair of the necrotic area is key to successful treatment. Currently, the combination of stem cell transplantation and decompression is used clinically to promote the repair of necrotic areas based on the characteristics of stem cells. However, a considerable number of patients do not achieve a satisfactory outcome in terms of repair of the femoral head necrotic area, and it is very important to determine the reasons for the poor curative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between stem cell viability and the repair efficacy of stem cell therapy combined with core decompression for early-stage ONFH. Methods: A total of 30 patients with idiopathic ONFH underwent core decompression combined with autologous stem cell transplantation. The Harris hip score (HHS) and difference in necrosis area before and after surgery were measured. The mean repair ratio was set as the threshold to divide the patients into group A (ratio above the mean) and group B (ratio below the mean). The ultrastructure, proliferative capacity, and multidirectional differentiation ability were compared between the groups. Results : At 9 months after surgery, the HHS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings improved by varying degrees. Based on the mean repair ratio of (62.2 ± 27.0)%, the threshold for dividing the patients into groups A and B was set to 62.2%. Better repair (group A) was associated with more rapid proliferation and a healthier ultrastructure. The cells in group A showed stronger specific staining signifying osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an indicator of osteogenic differentiation, was higher in group A than in group B (OD, 2.39 ± 0.44 and 1.85 ± 0.52; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The quality of implanted stem cells is closely related to treatment efficacy and determines whether the defective self-repair in the necrotic area can be corrected to enhance repair and thus achieve the desired therapeutic outcome.
Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Rui , Yu Jiangfan , Shi Yaqian , Zou Puyu , Zeng Zhuotong , Wang Yaoyao , Ling Guanghui , Luo Mei , Xiao Rong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Rituximab has been widely proposed to treat systemic sclerosis (SSc) by depletion of pathogenic B cells. Nonetheless, the clinical benefit of Rituximab in SSc remains contentious. Objective: This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of Rituximab in SSc patients. Methods: We performed a systematic online query in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of science. Available studies about the assessment of Rituximab in SSc patients were comprehensively reviewed and investigated. Results: In total, 14 studies comprising 597 participants were enrolled in our analysis. Pooled results showed the durable improvement of mRSS for skin involvement (∆mRSS: 7.00 at 6-month, 9.70 at 12-month, and 10.93 at 24-month), while FVC (∆FVC: -0.69 at 6-month, -2.62 at 12-month, -0.67 at 24-month) and DLCO (∆DLCO -2.39 at 6-month, -3.28 at 12-month, -0.79 at 24-month) for lung involvement remain stable in SSc patients after Rituximab treatment. And safety profile of Rituximab-related adverse events rate was 12% in the pooled result. Conclusion: The pooled results of this meta-analysis indicated that Rituximab was well-tolerated, and it was able to generate improvement of cutaneous function and stabilization of pulmonary function in SSc patients.
Inhibition of Carrageenin-induced Dental Inflammatory Responses Owing to Decreasing TRPV1 Activity by Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Lu Gang , Zhu Guanhua , Xu Maohua , Ping Xinggao , Xiao Qingfeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective agonist of the α2 adrenergic receptor and a common sedative; however, its anti-inflammatory effect has been studied. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Dex on inflammation in dental pulp cells was assessed. To solve this problem, the effect of Dex on inflammation induced by carrageenan (Car) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was studied. Car incubation induced a robust inflammatory response in the hDPCs as well as activation of PKA–STAT3 and PKC–nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathways. Results : Dex could reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NFκB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NFκB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Western blotting results also showed that the phosphorylation level of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) was downregulated owing to Dex treatment. Further, we found that the administration of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (Cap) reversed the effects of Dex on proinflammatory cytokines; however, the expression and activation of PKA–STAT3 and PKC–NFκB signals were not altered owing to Cap administration. Conclusions : These results indicate that Dex exerts a defensive role in dental pulp inflammation by regulating the TRPV1 channel and can be used as a potential target for human dental pulp inflammation intervention.
Epidemiology of neonatal infections in hospitals of Nepal: Evidence from a large- scale study
Authors: Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Sunny Avinash K , Paudel Pragya Gautam , Thapa Jeevan , Basnet Lila Bahadur , Karki Sandeepa , Gurung Rejina , Paudel Prajwal , Kc Ashish 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Every year, neonatal infections account for approximately 750,000 neonatal deaths globally. It is the third major cause of neonatal death, globally and in Nepal. There is a paucity of data on clinical aetiology and outcomes of neonatal infection in Nepal. This paper aims to assess the incidence and risk factors of neonatal infection in babies born in public hospitals of Nepal.Methods This is a prospective cohort study conducted for a period of 14 months, nested within a large-scale cluster randomized control trial which evaluated the Helping Babies Breathe Quality Improvement package in 12 public hospitals in Nepal. All the mothers who consented to participate within the study and delivered in these hospitals were included in the analysis. All neonates admitted into the sick newborn care unit weighing >1500 gram or/and 32 weeks or more gestation with clinical signs of infection or positive septic screening were taken as cases and those that did not have an infection were the comparison group. Bivariate and multi-variate analysis of socio-demographic, maternal, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of case and comparison group were conducted to assess risk factors associated with neonatal infection.Results The overall incidence of neonatal infection was 7.3 per 1000 live births. Babies who were born to first time mothers were at 59% higher risk of having infection (aOR-1.64, 95% CI, 1.30-2.06, p-value<0.001). Babies born to mothers who had no antenatal check-up had more than three-fold risk of infection (aOR-3.45, 95% CI, 1.82-6.56, p-value<0.001). Babies born through caesarean section had more than two-fold risk (aOR-2.06, 95% CI, 1.48-2.87, p-value<0.00) and babies with birth asphyxia had more than three-fold risk for infection (aOR-3.51, 95% CI, 1.71-7.20, p-value=0.001).Conclusion Antepartum factors, such as antenatal care attendance, and intrapartum factors such as mode of delivery and birth asphyxia, were risk factors for neonatal infections. These findings highlight the importance of ANC visits and the need for proper care during resuscitation in babies with birth asphyxia.
First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of blaCTX-M-121-producting Escherichia coli O157:H7 from China Cattle
Authors: Su Zhanqiang , Tong Panpan , Zhang Ling , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Dong , Ma Kaiqi , Zhang Yi , Liu Yingyu , Xia Lining , Xie Jinxin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To study antibiotic resistance and the molecular epidemiology of bovine Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157:H7 and to explore the intrinsic relationship among different isolates, we collected 27 strains of bovine E. coli O157:H7 in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2017 and assessed virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing. Results: In this study, 21 strains carried at least one virulence gene, and 19 strains carried eae gene (70.4%) including 8 carrying stx1+stx2+eae +hly+tccP. Most strains were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, 4 strains were bacteria-resistant, and 2 strains possessed multi-drug resistance, including one ESBL-producing strain. This is the first report of a blaCTX-M-121 gene in bovine E. coli O157:H7. Moreover, blaCTX-M-121 gene can be transmitted horizontally by plasmid between strains. The PFGE spectral similarity of the 27 strains was between 65.8% and 100%. Two PFGE types including clusters Ⅰ and Ⅱ were obtained through cluster analysis. Conclusions: E. coli O157:H7 may have undergone clonal propagation in cattle farms as well as cross-regional transmission. A horizontal transmission path with E. coli O157:H7 appeared in different areas.
Results of Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE): A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing a Worksite Wellness Intervention for Child Care Staff
Authors: Linnan Laura A , Vaughn Amber E , Smith Falon , Westgate Philip , Hales Derek , Arandia Gabriela , Neshteruk Cody , Willis Erik , Ward Dianne S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundChild care workers are among the lowest paid US workers and experience a wide array of health concerns. The physical and mental demands of their job and the lack of employer-provided health-insurance increase health risks. The Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE) study evaluated a 6-month Healthy Lifestyles intervention targeting child care workers’ physical activity (primary outcome), other health behaviors, and their workplace health environment.MethodsEligible child care centers, defined as being in operation for at least two years and employing a least four staff, were enrolled into CARE’s cluster-randomized trial. Centers and their child care staff were randomly assigned to either the Healthy Lifestyles (HL) intervention arm or the Healthy Finances (HF) attention control arm using a block randomization approach. Outcome measures were collected during center visits at baseline and immediately post-intervention by trained data collectors blinded to center arm assignment. Workers’ physical activity was assessed with accelerometers, worn for seven days. Secondary outcome measures included biometric assessments of health and fitness, web-based surveys about health behaviors, and an environmental audit of workplace supports for health. Multi-level linear mixed models assessed worker- and center-level changes in these outcomes.ResultsParticipants included 553 child care workers representing 56 centers (HL=250 staff/28 centers, HF=303 staff/28 centers). At six months, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity declined slightly in both arms (-1.3 minutes/day, 95% CI: -3.0, 0.3 in HL; -1.9 minutes/day, 95% CI: -3.3, -0.5 in HF), but there was no significant group by time interaction. Several secondary outcomes for other health behaviors and workplace health environment showed improvements in favor of the intervention arm, yet differences did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsWhile the Healthy Lifestyles intervention did not improve health behaviors or the workplace health environment, results confirmed the pressing need to focus on the health of child care workers. Future interventions should focus on prevalent health issues (e.g., weight, stress), include both high-tech and high-touch intervention strategies, and address work conditions or other social determinants of health (e.g. wages) as a means of improving the health of these important workers.
Associations of CXCL1 gene 5’UTR variations with ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Man , Xu Chao , Chen Yan-Zhe , Sun Qi-Wen , Zhao Xin-Ying , Liu Xin , Yang Yi , Hu Yi-Yan , Li Fei-Feng , Liu Shu-Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: There are about 2.4 hundred thousand new cases and 1.5 hundred thousand deaths of ovarian cancer (OC) annually in the world. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for OC. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) defects may facilitate inflammation and transactivate EGFR in ovarian cancer, but the precise haplotypes associated with the potential diseases remained largely unknown. In this work, we characterized CXCL1 gene variations to elucidate their possible associations with OC. Methods: We analyzed the the CXCL1 gene for 300 OC patients with 400 healthy participants as controls. The statistical analyses and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests of the patients and control populations were conducted using the SPSS software (version 19.0) and Plink (version 1.9). Results: The variants rs11547681, rs201090116, rs199791199, rs181868085, rs4074 and rs1814092 within or near the CXCL1 gene were characterized. The genetic heterozygosity of rs11547681 and rs4074 was very high. Statistical analysis showed that the variant rs11547681 in the gene was closely associated with the risk of OC in the Chinese Han population, although this variant was not associated with FIGO stages or pathological grades of the patients.Conclusions: rs11547681 in CXCL1 was associated with the risk of OC in the Chinese Han population.
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of atrazine in soils of the water fluctuation zone in the Three-Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Shu Xingquan , Liu Yongfeng , Fang Han , Sun Xiaojing , Pan Yuwei , Ma Limin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Environmental behavior of pesticide in soils is a key current research focus. Studying the adsorption characteristics of pesticides in soils as a parameter for evaluating the risk of groundwater pollution by pesticides, is commonly applied in agriculture. Results: In order to provide a theoretical basis for environment risk assessment and pollution remediation, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the equilibrium of atrazine adsorption in the Three Gorges Reservoir area were assessed and analyzed via batch experiments. Results showed that the sorption of atrazine was exothermic and spontaneous process at the temperatures (298–318K), and the atrazine was more easily adsorbed by soils at a concentration of 0–30 mg L -1 , with low temperature adsorption effects better than high temperature adsorption. The adsorption of atrazine to the two assessed soils was well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption kinetics of atrazine on soils were consistent with the quasi-second order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion was found not to be the only control step. Results showed that monolayer adsorption occurred with non-uniform energy distribution on the soil surface, indicating that the adsorption of atrazine on the two kinds of soil was controlled by internal diffusion surface adsorption and liquid film diffusion, leading to the complexity of its adsorption kinetics. The values of standard free energy <0, indicating that the adsorption of atrazine in the soils was spontaneous and dominated by physical adsorption. Changes in standard enthalpy ( ) indicated that the adsorption was exothermic. Conclusion: Atrazine exhibited a weak adsorption capacity in both soils, indicating it is highly mobile in the soil-water environment and could easily cause groundwater pollution. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the environmental behavior of pesticide soil moisture fluctuations, leading to broad spreading of pollution.