bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusive neuronal detection of KGDHC-specific subunits in the adult human brain cortex despite pancellular protein lysine succinylation
Authors: Dobolyi Arpad , Bago Attila , Palkovits Miklos , Nemeria Natalia S. , Jordan Frank , Doczi Judit , Ambrus Attila , Adam-Vizi Vera , Chinopoulos Christos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) consists of three different subunits encoded by OGDH (or OGDHL), DLST, and DLD, combined in different stoichiometries. DLD subunit is shared between KGDHC and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, and the glycine cleavage system. Despite KGDHC’s implication in neurodegenerative diseases, cell-specific localization of its subunits in the adult human brain has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of all known isoforms of OGDHL, OGDH, and DLST was detected exclusively in neurons of surgical human cortical tissue samples identified by their morphology and visualized by double labeling with fluorescent Nissl, while being absent from glia expressing GFAP, Aldhl1, myelin basic protein, Olig2, or IBA1. In contrast, DLD immunoreactivity was evident in both neurons and glia. Specificity of anti-KGDHC subunits antisera was verified by a decrease in staining of siRNA-treated human cancer cell lines directed against the respective coding gene products; furthermore, immunoreactivity of KGDHC subunits in human fibroblasts co-localized > 99% with mitotracker orange, while western blotting of 63 post-mortem brain samples and purified recombinant proteins afforded further assurance regarding antisera monospecificity. KGDHC subunit immunoreactivity correlated with data from the Human Protein Atlas as well as RNA-Seq data from the Allen Brain Atlas corresponding to genes coding for KGDHC components. Protein lysine succinylation, however, was immunohistochemically evident in all cortical cells; this was unexpected, because this posttranslational modification requires succinyl-CoA, the product of KGDHC. In view of the fact that glia of the human brain cortex lack succinate-CoA ligase, an enzyme producing succinyl-CoA when operating in reverse, protein lysine succinylation in these cells must exclusively rely on propionate and/or ketone body metabolism or some other yet to be discovered pathway encompassing succinyl-CoA.
Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) versus neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA): effect on oxygenation in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Hunt Katie A. , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoth proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) provide pressure support synchronised throughout the respiratory cycle proportional to the patient’s respiratory demand. Our aim was to compare the effect of these two modes on oxygenation in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Two-hour periods of PAV and NAVA were delivered in random order to 18 infants born less than 32 weeks of gestation. Quasi oxygenation indices (“OI”) and alveolar-arterial (“A-a”) oxygen gradients at the end of each period on PAV, NAVA and baseline ventilation were calculated using capillary blood samples. The mean “OI” was not significantly different on PAV compared to NAVA (7.8 (standard deviation (SD) 3.2) versus 8.1 (SD 3.4), respectively, p = 0.70, but lower on both than on baseline ventilation (mean baseline “OI” 11.0 (SD 5.0)), p = 0.002, 0.004, respectively). The “A-a” oxygen gradient was higher on PAV and baseline ventilation than on NAVA (20.8 (SD 12.3) and 22.9 (SD 11.8) versus 18.5 (SD 10.8) kPa, p = 0.015, < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Both NAVA and PAV improved oxygenation compared to conventional ventilation. There was no significant difference in the mean “OI” between the two modes, but the mean “A-a” gradient was better on NAVA.What is Known:• Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) can improve the oxygenation index (OI) in prematurely born infants.• Both PAV and NAVA can provide support proportional to respiratory drive or demand throughout the respiratory cycle.What is New:• In infants with evolving or established BPD, using capillary blood samples, both PAV and NAVA compared to baseline ventilation resulted in improvement in the “OI”, but there was no significant difference in the “OI” on PAV compared to NAVA.• The “alveolar-arterial” oxygen gradient was better on NAVA compared to PAV.
Assessing key clinical parameters before and after intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants
Authors: Lampe Renée , Rieger-Fackeldey Esther , Sidorenko Irina , Turova Varvara , Botkin Nikolai , Eckardt Laura , Alves-Pinto Ana , Kovtanyuk Andrey , Schündeln Michael , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntraventricular cerebral hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most severe complications of premature birth, potentially leading to lifelong disability. The purpose of this paper is the assessment of the evolution of three of the most relevant parameters, before and after IVH: mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Clinical records of 254 preterm infants with a gestational age of 23–30 weeks, with and without a diagnosis of IVH, were reviewed for MAP and arterial pCO2in the period up to 7 days before and 3 days after IVH or during the first 10 days of life in cases without IVH.Conclusion: A statistically significant increase in pCO2and decrease in MAP in patients with IVH compared with those without were detected. Both the mean values and the mean absolute deviations of CBF were computed in this study, and the latter was significantly higher than in control group. High deviations of CBF, as well as hypercapnia and hypotension, are likely to contribute to the rupture of cerebral blood vessels in preterm infants, and consequently, to the development of IVH.What is Known:•The origin of IVH is multifactorial, but mean arterial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and cerebral blood flow are recognized as the most important parameters.• In premature infants, the autoregulation mechanisms are still underdeveloped and cannot compensate for cerebral blood flow fluctuations.What is New:•The numerical simulation of CBF is shown to be a promising approach that may be useful in the care of preterm infants.• The mean values of CBF before and after IVH in the affected group were similar to those in the control group, but the mean absolute deviations of CBF in the affected group before and after IVH were significantly higher than that in the control group.
Analysing the Robustness of Evolutionary Algorithms to Noise: Refined Runtime Bounds and an Example Where Noise is Beneficial
Authors: Sudholt Dirk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyse the performance of well-known evolutionary algorithms, the $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

EA and the $$(1+\lambda )$$

(
1
+
λ
)

EA, in the prior noise model, where in each fitness evaluation the search point is altered before the evaluation with probability p. We present refined results for the expected optimisation time of these algorithms on the function Leading-Ones, where bits have to be optimised in sequence. Previous work showed that the $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

EA on Leading-Ones runs in polynomial expected time if $$p = O((\log n)/n^2)$$

p
=
O
(

(
log
n
)

/

n
2

)

and needs superpolynomial expected time if $$p = \omega ((\log n)/n)$$

p
=
ω
(
(
log
n
)
/
n
)

, leaving a huge gap for which no results were known. We close this gap by showing that the expected optimisation time is $$\varTheta (n^2) \cdot \exp (\varTheta (\min \{pn^2, n\}))$$

Θ

(

n
2

)

·
exp

(
Θ

(
min

{
p

n
2

,
n
}

)

)

for all $$p \le 1/2$$

p
≤
1
/
2

, allowing for the first time to locate the threshold between polynomial and superpolynomial expected times at $$p = \varTheta ((\log n)/n^2)$$

p
=
Θ
(

(
log
n
)

/

n
2

)

. Hence the $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

EA on Leading-Ones is surprisingly sensitive to noise. We also show that offspring populations of size $$\lambda \ge 3.42\log n$$

λ
≥
3.42
log
n

can effectively deal with much higher noise than known before. Finally, we present an example of a rugged landscape where prior noise can help to escape from local optima by blurring the landscape and allowing a hill climber to see the underlying gradient. We prove that in this particular setting noise can have a highly beneficial effect on performance.
Colouring (Pr + Ps)-Free Graphs
Authors: Klimošová Tereza , Malík Josef , Masařík Tomáš , Novotná Jana , Paulusma Daniël , Slívová Veronika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe k-Colouring problem is to decide if the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most k colours for a fixed integer k such that no two adjacent vertices are coloured alike. If each vertex u must be assigned a colour from a prescribed list $$L(u)\subseteq \{1,\ldots ,k\},$$

L
(
u
)
⊆
{
1
,
…
,
k
}
,

then we obtain the List k-Colouring problem. A graph G is H-free if G does not contain H as an induced subgraph. We continue an extensive study into the complexity of these two problems for H-free graphs. The graph $$P_r+P_s$$

P
r

+

P
s

is the disjoint union of the r-vertex path $$P_r$$

P
r

and the s-vertex path $$P_s.$$

P
s

.

We prove that List 3-Colouring is polynomial-time solvable for $$(P_2+P_5)$$

(

P
2

+

P
5

)

-free graphs and for $$(P_3+P_4)$$

(

P
3

+

P
4

)

-free graphs. Combining our results with known results yields complete complexity classifications of 3-Colouring and List 3-Colouring on H-free graphs for all graphs H up to seven vertices.
Health benefits and risks during 10 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Chahal-Kummen M. , Salte O. B. K. , Hewitt S. , Blom-Høgestøl I. K. , Risstad H. , Kristinsson J. , Mala T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Long-term evaluations 10 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are limited. We report the development in weight and cardiovascular risk factors during 10 years after laparoscopic RYGB, with evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (QoL) at 10-year follow-up.

Methods
We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Patients operated with laparoscopic RYGB from May 2004 to November 2006 were invited to 10-year follow-up consultations. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire and two QoL questionnaires were used for analyses of gastrointestinal symptoms and QoL.

Results
A total of 203 patients were operated; nine (4.4%) died during follow-up. Of 194 eligible patients, 124 (63.9%) attended 10-year follow-up consultations. Percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and percent total weight loss (%TWL) at 10 years were 53.0% and 24.1%, respectively. %EWL > 50% was seen in 53.2%. Significant weight regain (≥15%) from 2 to 10 years was seen in 63.3%. Remission rates of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 56.8%, 46.0%, and 41.4%, respectively. Abdominal operations beyond 30 days after RYGB were reported in 33.9%. Internal hernia and ileus (13.7%) and gallstone-related disease (9.7%) were the most common causes. Vitamin D deficiency (<50nmol/L) was seen in 33.3%. At 10 years, bothersome abdominal pain and indigestion symptoms (GSRS scores ≥3) were reported in 42.9% and 54.0%, respectively, and were associated with low QoL.

Conclusion
We observed significant weight loss and remission of comorbidities 10 years after RYGB. Significant weight regain occurred in a substantial subset of patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were common and negatively impacted QoL.
Phase field approximations of branched transportation problems
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Dirks Carolin , Wirth Benedikt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn branched transportation problems mass has to be transported from a given initial distribution to a given final distribution, where the cost of the transport is proportional to the transport distance, but subadditive in the transported mass. As a consequence, mass transport is cheaper the more mass is transported together, which leads to the emergence of hierarchically branching transport networks. We here consider transport costs that are piecewise affine in the transported mass withNaffine segments, in which case the resulting network can be interpreted as a street network composed ofNdifferent types of streets. In two spatial dimensions we propose a phase field approximation of this street network usingNphase fields and a function approximating the mass flux through the network. We prove the corresponding$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence and show some numerical simulation results.
Rathke’s cleft cysts following transsphenoidal surgery: long-term outcomes and development of an optimal follow-up strategy
Authors: Marcus Hani J. , Borg Anouk , Hussein Ziad , Jaunmuktane Zane , Baldeweg Stephanie E. , Grieve Joan , Dorward Neil L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
In patients with symptomatic Rathke’s cleft cyst, transsphenoidal surgery is highly effective at preventing further visual loss and usually allows for some recovery of vision. However, cyst recurrence and the need for re-operation are well recognized. To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of recurrence and long-term outcomes and to use this information to develop an optimal follow-up strategy.

Method
A prospectively maintained database was searched over a 10-year period between 1 January 2008 and the 1 January 2018 to identify all adults that underwent transsphenoidal surgery with a new diagnosis of Rathke’s cleft cyst. A retrospective case note review was performed for each patient to extract data on their presentation, investigation, treatment, and outcome.

Results
In all, 61 eligible patients were identified. The median follow-up was 34 months (range 2–112 months). In the 22 patients with pre-operative visual loss, the outcomes at 6 months were as follows: normal vision (2/22; 9.1%), improved but not normal (7/22; 31.8%), stable (12/22; 54.5%), worse but not blind (1/22; 4.5%), and blind (0/22; 0%). The overall rate of regrowth and re-operation in our study was 19.7 and 11.5%, respectively. The only factor that was significantly associated with recurrence was the presence of residual cystic disease on the post-operative MRI (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We propose a follow-up strategy that stratifies patients at “low risk” if there is no residual cyst, with increasing interval scans, or “high risk” if there is residual cyst, with annual visual assessment and scans.
Recommendations for the nomenclature of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses
Authors: Simmonds P. , Gorbalenya A. E. , Harvala H. , Hovi T. , Knowles N. J. , Lindberg A. M. , Oberste M. S. , Palmenberg A. C. , Reuter G. , Skern T. , Tapparel C. , Wolthers K. C. , Woo P. C. Y. , Zell R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnteroviruses (EVs) and rhinoviruses (RVs) are significant pathogens of humans and are the subject of intensive clinical and epidemiological research and public health measures, notably in the eradication of poliovirus and in the investigation and control of emerging pathogenic EV types worldwide. EVs and RVs are highly diverse in their antigenic properties, tissue tropism, disease associations and evolutionary relationships, but the latter often conflict with previously developed biologically defined terms, such as “coxsackieviruses”, “polioviruses” and “echoviruses”, which were used before their genetic interrelationships were understood. This has created widespread formatting problems and inconsistencies in the nomenclature for EV and RV types and species in the literature and public databases. As members of the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Picornaviridae Study Group, we describe the correct use of taxon names for these viruses and have produced a series of recommendations for the nomenclature of EV and RV types and their abbreviations. We believe their adoption will promote greater clarity and consistency in the terminology used in the scientific and medical literature. The recommendations will additionally provide a useful reference guide for journals, other publications and public databases seeking to use standardised terms for the growing multitude of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses described worldwide.
Supporting intergenerational memento storytelling for older adults through a tangible display: a case study
Authors: Li Cun , Hu Jun , Hengeveld Bart , Hummels Caroline 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMementoes act as emotional companions that anchor stories. Older adults typically have a rich knowledge of family mementoes. However, storytelling and preservation of mementoes are still problematic for them: their mementoes are still mostly in physical format, which is difficult to share and preserve. Additionally, digital applications and websites for sharing mementoes usually are inaccessible for them. As a result, they spend much time collecting mementoes, but spend less time on telling and recording the related stories. In response to this, we report our study driven by the research questions: Rq1: What are the characteristics of older adults’ intergenerational memento storytelling? And Rq2: In which ways could a tangible display facilitate intergenerational memento storytelling for older adults? We designed a tangible device named Slots-Memento. We first conducted a preliminary evaluation to refine the prototype. In the field study, eight pairs of participants (each pair consisting of an older adult and his/her child) were recruited to use the prototype for around 1 week. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted both with the older adults and their children. Subsequently, mementoes collected were categorized and analyzed. Stories collected were firstly transcribed, then were conducted with structural and interactional analysis. In the concluding discussion, we present abstract implications for the research questions: two tables summarizing characteristics of their intergenerational memento storytelling, and related strategies of designing a tangible display individually.
Improved convergence analysis of Lasserre’s measure-based upper bounds for polynomial minimization on compact sets
Authors: Slot Lucas , Laurent Monique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of computing the minimum value $$f_{\min ,K}$$

f

min
,
K

of a polynomial f over a compact set $$K\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

K
⊆

R

n

, which can be reformulated as finding a probability measure $$\nu $$
ν
on $$K$$
K
minimizing $$\int _Kf d\nu $$

∫
K

f
d
ν

. Lasserre showed that it suffices to consider such measures of the form $$\nu = q\mu $$

ν
=
q
μ

, where q is a sum-of-squares polynomial and $$\mu $$
μ
is a given Borel measure supported on $$K$$
K
. By bounding the degree of q by 2r one gets a converging hierarchy of upper bounds $$f^{(r)}$$

f

(
r
)

for $$f_{\min ,K}$$

f

min
,
K

. When K is the hypercube $$[-1, 1]^n$$

[
-
1
,
1
]

n

, equipped with the Chebyshev measure, the parameters $$f^{(r)}$$

f

(
r
)

are known to converge to $$f_{\min , K}$$

f

min
,
K

at a rate in $$O(1/r^2)$$

O
(
1
/

r
2

)

. We extend this error estimate to a wider class of convex bodies, while also allowing for a broader class of reference measures, including the Lebesgue measure. Our analysis applies to simplices, balls and convex bodies that locally look like a ball. In addition, we show an error estimate in $$O(\log r / r)$$

O
(
log
r
/
r
)

when $$K$$
K
satisfies a minor geometrical condition, and in $$O(\log ^2 r / r^2)$$

O
(

log
2

r
/

r
2

)

when $$K$$
K
is a convex body, equipped with the Lebesgue measure. This improves upon the currently best known error estimates in $$O(1 / \sqrt{r})$$

O
(
1
/

r

)

and $$O(1/r)$$

O
(
1
/
r
)

for these two respective cases.
A practical probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis tool: case study Marmara region
Authors: Sianko Ilya , Ozdemir Zuhal , Khoshkholghi Soheil , Garcia Reyes , Hajirasouliha Iman , Yazgan Ufuk , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEarthquakes have a damaging impact on the economic welfare and resilience of communities, particularly in developing countries. Seismic hazard assessment is the first step towards performing prevention, preparedness, and response or recovery actions to reduce seismic risk. This paper presents a computation tool for predicting the seismic hazard at the macro level as a part of a comprehensive multi-hazard framework on earthquake risk assessment. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) procedure is based on the Monte-Carlo approach, and particular attention is paid to the definition of source zones assigned in the study area. Both Poisson and time dependent (renewal) models are adopted to quantify the effect of temporal dependencies between seismic events, while near-field rupture directivity effects are also taken into account. Marmara region in Turkey is selected as a case study area to perform a new seismic hazard analysis and verify the accuracy of the proposed tool. The results show good agreement with results from the recent SHARE project and the latest Turkish Earthquake Design code hazard maps. This confirms that the proposed PSHA method can be an attractive alternative to the direct integration based methods due to its practicality and powerful handling of uncertainties.
Competition between the invasive Impatiens glandulifera and UK native species: the role of soil conditioning and pre-existing resident communities
Authors: Power Georgia , Sánchez Vilas Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHimalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is a highly invasive annual herb that has become extremely prevalent in riparian zones across the UK. The competitive ability of I. glandulifera, both in terms of resource exploitation and allelopathy (i.e., the release of biochemicals that may be toxic to neighbouring plants), is considered a key determinant of its success. Little is known, however, about the effects of the resident community on the establishment and growth of I. glandulifera. Here, we aim to increase our understanding of the competitive ability of this highly invasive plant by investigating the effects of soil conditioning on the performance of four co-occurring native species (Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica, Chelidonium majus and Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, we also aim to investigate the effect that the pre-existing species composition have on the performance of I. glandulifera seedlings by establishing artificial communities (monocultures and mixtures of four UK native species, including U. dioica). We found negative effects of soil conditioning by I. glandulifera in all four species, either by reducing above-ground biomass, chlorophyll content or both. Monocultures of U. dioica were the only artificial communities that reduced growth of I. glandulifera, and we did not find any support for the idea that a more diverse community may be more resistant to invasion. Our results confirm the high competitive ability of I. glandulifera and highlight how the identity of the natives in the resident community may be key to limit its success.