bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Golgi ultrastructure
Authors: ROBINSON DAVID G. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe plant Golgi apparatus (sensu lato: Golgi stack + Trans Golgi Network, TGN) is a highly polar and mobile key organelle lying at the junction of the secretory and endocytic pathways. Unlike its counterpart in animal cells it does not disassemble during mitosis. It modifies glycoproteins sent to it from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it recycles ER resident proteins, it sorts proteins destined for the vacuole from secretory proteins, it receives proteins internalised from the plasma membrane and either recycles them to the plasma membrane or retargets them to the vacuole for degradation. In functional terms the Golgi apparatus can be likened to a car factory, with incoming (COPII traffic) and returning (COPI traffic) railway lines at the entry gate, and a distribution centre (the TGN) at the exit gate of the assembly hall. In the assembly hall we have a conveyor belt system where the incoming car parts are initially assembled (in the cis‐area) then gradually modified into different models (processing of secretory cargo) as the cars pass along the production line (cisternal maturation). After being released the trans‐area, the cars (secretory cargos) are moved out of the assembly hall and passed on to the distribution centre (TGN), where the various models are placed onto different trains (cargo sorting into carrier vesicles) for transport to the car dealers. Cars with motor problems are returned to the factory for repairs (endocytosis to the TGN). This simple analogy also incorporates features of quality control at the COPII entry gate with defective parts being returned to the manufacturing center (the ER) via the COPI trains (vesicles).In recent years, numerous studies have contributed to our knowledge on Golgi function and structure in both animals, yeast and plants. This review, rather than giving a balanced account of the structure as well as of the function of the Golgi apparatus has purposely a marked slant towards plant Golgi ultrastructure integrating findings from the mammalian/animal field.
A novel homozygous variant extending the peripheral myelin protein 22 by 9 amino acids causes early‐onset Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease with predominant severe sensory ataxia
Authors: Zambon Alberto A. , Pitt Matthew , Laurà Matilde , Polke James M. , Reilly Mary M. , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) related neuropathies account for over 50% of inherited peripheral neuropathies. A gene copy variation results in CMT1A (duplication) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP; single deletion). Point mutations comprise both phenotypes. The underlying pathological mechanisms are incompletely understood and biallelic mutations of PMP22 are very rare. We describe a 9‐year‐old girl who presented before the age of 1 year with severe locomotor delay. She now requires support for standing and walking in view of her severe sensory ataxia. Strikingly, her muscle power and bulk are close to normal in all segments. Nerve conduction studies showed sensory‐motor velocities below 5 m/s. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous sequence change in the PMP22 gene causing the loss of termination codon (c.483A > G; p.[*161Trpext*10]), extending the protein by 9 amino acids. Both heterozygous parents have neurophysiological abnormalities consistent with HNPP, consistent with this being a loss‐of‐function mutation. PMP22‐deficient human models are rare but important to decipher the physiological function of the PMP22 protein in vivo. The predominance of large fiber sensory involvement in this and other rare similar cases suggests a pivotal role played by PMP22 in the embryogenesis of dorsal root ganglia in humans.
Preparation and evaluation of a free surfactant herbal shampoo with Acanthophyllum Squarrosum Saponins
Authors: Moghimipour Eskandar , Jasemnezhad Malek , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed , Salimi Anayatollah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundShampoos remove fat and pus from the skin and hair. The most critical part of these products is their cleansing properties; therefore, the amount of shampoo cleanser plays an essential role in consumer acceptance.AimThe production of herbal shampoos from root saponins in Hawthorn can lead to the removal of these substances from shampoos. Squarrosum is one of the 23 Acanthophyllum species that is native to Iran. The root of this plant has been used traditionally as a consumption detergent due to the presence of saponins.MethodTo make the shampoo, saponins were extracted through several steps by a solvent after Acanthophyllum squarrosum scientific specimens had been prepared and identified The shampoo's fatigue strength was tested using the Ross‐Miles method, and its cleansing power was assessed using Thompson's test.ResultsThe optimum formula with 15% total saponins content was evaluated.ConclusionThis liquid shampoo has an excellent cleansing effect, is suitable for regular hair; has pseudoplastic rheology; and has acceptable pH, surface tension, and organoleptic stability characteristics.
Tissue expression of IL‐17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Farag Azza Gaber Antar , Maraee Alaa Hassan , Rifaat Al‐Sharaky Dalia , Elshaib Mustafa Elsayed , Kohla Marwa Samir Mohamed , Shehata Wafaa Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCD4+ T helper (Th) cells through its pro‐inflammatory cell type, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17)‐generating cells and its anti‐inflammatory category forkhead box P3‐positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, play a vital role in the immune balance in inflammatory disorders. Therefore, assessment of both IL‐17 and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris (AV), a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, could be of value in understanding AV pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of IL‐17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris lesions versus normal skin.MethodsForty‐five AV patients and 25 controls were included in this case‐control study. Biopsies from participants were analyzed for IL‐17A and FOXP3 immunohistochemical profiles using IL‐17A and FOXP3 polyclonal antibodies.ResultsCompared to controls, AV patients exhibited a significant increase of IL‐17A percent of expression in epidermis (P ≤ .001), in lymphocytes in papillary dermis (P ≤ .001), and in perifollicular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in AV lesions. Also, there was a significant elevation in FOXP3 percent of expression in epidermis (P = .049) and in lymphocytes in papillary dermis (P ≤ .027) in acne patients than control. A significant positive correlation between IL‐17A expression in papillary lymphocytes and in epidermal keratinocyte was observed (r = .537, P = .001). In acne vulgaris patients, the associations between IL‐17A and FOXP3 expressions could not reach level of significance.ConclusionsThere was an up‐regulation of IL‐17A and FOXP3 in acne vulgaris development, but with independent roles. Moreover, targeting of IL‐17A and FOXP3 may open the door for development of new therapeutic agents in acne vulgaris treatment.
A comparative clinical and histopathological pilot study of different fractional CO2 laser parameters in treatment of atrophic linear scars
Authors: Rasheed Ahmad I. , Shawki Sylvia R. , Mostafa Rabab G. , Sharara Manal A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrophic scars cause significant patient morbidity. Fractional photothermolysis is one of the most effective treatment options used to resurface scars of different etiologies.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of different fractional ablative CO2 laser parameters in treatment of linear atrophic depressed post‐traumatic facial scars in adult male patients.MethodsA prospective pilot study of 20 adult male patients (skin types Π‐ Ⅳ, aged 18‐45) with post‐traumatic atrophic linear scars were divided into 2 groups each comprising 10 patients receiving different fractional CO2 laser parameters. Both groups received 3 laser sessions, one month apart, and were followed for 2 months after the last treatment session. Clinical and histological assessments were done to all patients before treatment and 2 months after the last treatment session. Also, patient satisfaction and side effects were recorded.ResultsThe study showed statistically significant reduction in average scar volume in both groups (P < .01), with reduction in depth more obvious than reduction in width or length in both groups. There was a highly significant difference in overall scar improvement represented by scar volume between both groups (P < .01) with an average reduction in scar volume of 42.85% in group (a) compared with 35.29% in group (b). Also, there was a highly statistically significant increase in both epidermal and papillary and reticular dermis thickness in both groups after treatment. However, the difference between both groups was nonsignificant. Side effects were mild, well tolerated, and transient.ConclusionFractional CO2 laser can be utilized as a safe and effective modality in treatment of post‐traumatic linear atrophic scars of the face. Adjusting parameters toward increasing depth of penetration and decreasing thermal coagulative effect gives better results.
Issues affecting nurses' capability to use digital technology at work: An integrative review
Authors: Brown Janie , Pope Nicole , Bosco Anna Maria , Mason Jaci , Morgan Alani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDigital capability, that is the ability to live, work, participate and thrive in a digital world, is imperative for nurses because increasingly nurses' work and patient outcomes are influenced by technology.AimTo evaluate and synthesise the evidence regarding the development of digital capability in nurses and the strategies that support effective integration of digital skills into the workplace.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's methodology, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesCINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, Medline (Ovid) and PubMed databases were searched for articles published in English from 2008–2019. Search terms included; digital capabil*, digital literacy, informatics, nursing informatics, health informatics, nurs*, knowledge, knowledge integration, competency, continuing education, nursing skills, workplace and work environment.Review methodsA total of 35 studies were retrieved for quality assessment by two reviewers using standardised critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI‐MAStARI and JBI‐QARI). Minimum essential criteria and scores were agreed prior to appraisal.ResultsThe 17 studies included comprised quantitative (n = 7), qualitative (n = 8) and mixed methods (n = 2). Integration of digital capability in nurses' workplaces is dependent on user proficiency and competence (theme 1). Nurses use technology to access data at the point of care, specifically accessing evidence to guide care (theme 2a) as well as accessing the medical records (theme 2b). Nurses have several concerns related to the use of technology at point of care (theme 3), some of which can be resolved through investment for implementation (theme 4).ConclusionsThere are key attributes of digitally proficient nurses. Nurses with these attributes are more inclined to use digital technology in their work. Involvement of the nurses as end users in the development of digital systems to ensure they are fit for purpose, alongside investment in professional development opportunities for nurses to develop digital capability, should be prioritised.
Healthy Conflict in an Era of Intractability
Authors: Springs Jason A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe essay responds to four critical essays by Rosemary Kellison, Ebrahim Moosa, Joseph Winters, and Martin Kavka on the author’s recent book, Healthy Conflict in Contemporary American Society: From Enemy to Adversary (2018). Parts 1 and 2 work in tandem to further develop my accounts of strategic empathy and agonistic political friendship. I defend these accounts against criticisms that my argument for moral imagination obligates oppressed people to empathize with their oppressors. I argue, further, that healthy conflict can be motivated by a kind of “secular” love. This enables my position to immanently critique and mediate the claims that one must either love (agapically) one’s opponent in order to engage them in “healthy conflict,” on one hand, or that one must vanquish, exclude, or “cancel” one’s opponent, on the other. In Part 3, I demonstrate how my account mediates the challenge of an alleged standing opposition between moral imagination and socio‐theoretical critique. I defend a methodologically pragmatist account of immanent prophetic criticism, resistance, and conflict transformation. Finally, I respond to one critic’s vindication of a strong enemy/adversary opposition that takes up the case of white supremacist violence in the U.S. I argue that the time horizon for healthy conflict must be simultaneously immediate and also long‐term, provided that such engagements remain socio‐critically self‐reflexive and seek to cultivate transformational responses.
Melatonin improves uterine‐conceptus interaction via regulation of SIRT1 during early pregnancy
Authors: Bae Hyocheol , Yang Changwon , Lee Jin‐Young , Park Sunwoo , Bazer Fuller W. , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMelatonin has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization and offspring survival after bacterial infection, but its role in regulating maternal‐fetal communication during early pregnancy has not been investigated. Results of this study demonstrated expression of abundant melatonin receptors in conceptus and endometrium during early pregnancy. In gilts, expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A or MT1) and melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B or MT2) increased in trophectoderm (Tr) and uterine luminal epithelium (LE) with advancing days during early pregnancy in a different manner. Melatonin increased proliferation and migration of porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cell, the percent pTr cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and the expression of implantation‐related genes by pTr cells and endometrial luminal epithelium (pLE). Melatonin also attenuated the production of LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and tunicamycin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐sensing proteins. The expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as a potential target of melatonin increased between Days 9 and 14 of gestation. Co‐treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 and melatonin restored cell‐cell interactions through PI3K and MAPK signaling. Knockdown of SIRT1 decreased the expression of implantation‐related genes, as well as migration of pTr and pLE cells. The expression of microRNAs regulated by SIRT1 was suppressed in response to melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin significantly increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐reduced fertilization and embryogenesis in zebrafish model. These results suggest that melatonin may improve the uterine‐conceptus interactions via the regulation of SIRT1 during early pregnancy.
Bartonella rochalimae, a newly recognized pathogen in dogs
Authors: Ernst Elijah , Qurollo Barbara , Olech Carolyn , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBartonella spp. comprise a genus of bacteria that frequently cause persistent, often subclinical infection. Although many Bartonella spp. have been implicated in a variety of clinical presentations, Bartonella rochalimae has yet to be documented in association with a clinical presentation other than infectious endocarditis (IE) in dogs.ObjectivesTo document a spectrum of clinical presentations accompanied by mild hematological abnormalities in B rochalimae‐infected dogs from the United States.AnimalsEight dogs with documented B rochalimae infection.MethodsRetrospective 10‐year study of B rochalimae naturally infected dogs. Clinical and clinicopathologic data, including medical history, CBC, serum biochemistry panel, urinalysis, echocardiogram, and comprehensive vector‐borne disease diagnostic panel results, were reviewed.ResultsEight dogs were diagnosed with B rochalimae via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Five dogs were diagnosed with IE. Three dogs, PCR positive for B rochalimae, were diagnosed with seizures or antibiotic responsive lameness or during routine screening of a military working dog.ConclusionsThis case series provides support for an association between B rochalimae and IE and provides documentation of dogs infected with B rochalimae with other clinical diagnoses.
A fair fight between molecular marker types in a seascape genetics setting
Authors: Timm Laura E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrom its inception, population genetics has been nearly as concerned with the genetic data type—to which analyses are brought to bear—as it is with the analysis methods themselves. The field has traversed allozymes, microsatellites, segregating sites in multilocus alignments and, currently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by high‐throughput genomic sequencing methods, primarily whole genome sequencing and reduced representation library (RRL) sequencing. As each emerging data type has gained traction, it has been compared to existing methods, based on its relative ability to discern population structural complexity at increasing levels of resolution. However, this is usually done by comparing the gold standard in one data type to the gold standard in the new data type. These gold standards frequently differ in power and in sampling density, both across a genome and throughout a spatial range. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, D’Aloia et al. apply the high‐throughput approach as fully as possible to microsatellites, nuclear loci and SNPs genotyped through an RRL method; this is coupled with a spatially dense sampling scheme. Completing a battery of population genetics analyses across data types (including a series of down‐sampled data sets), the authors find that SNP data are slightly more sensitive to fine‐scale genetic structure, and the results are more resilient to down‐sampling than microsatellites and nonrepetitive nuclear loci. However, their results are far from an unqualified victory for RRL SNP data over all previous data types: the authors note that modest additions to the microsatellites and nuclear loci data sets may provide the necessary analytical power to delineate the fine‐scale genetic structuring identified by SNPs. As always, as the field begins to fully embrace the newest thing, good science reminds us that traditional data types are far from useless, especially when combined with a well‐designed sampling scheme.
Visual pigment evolution in Characiformes: The dynamic interplay of teleost whole‐genome duplication, surviving opsins and spectral tuning
Authors: Escobar‐Camacho Daniel , Carleton Karen L. , Narain Devika W. , Pierotti Michele E. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVision represents an excellent model for studying adaptation, given the genotype‐to‐phenotype map that has been characterized in a number of taxa. Fish possess a diverse range of visual sensitivities and adaptations to underwater light, making them an excellent group to study visual system evolution. In particular, some speciose but understudied lineages can provide a unique opportunity to better understand aspects of visual system evolution such as opsin gene duplication and neofunctionalization. In this study, we showcase the visual system evolution of neotropical Characiformes and the spectral tuning mechanisms they exhibit to modulate their visual sensitivities. Such mechanisms include gene duplications and losses, gene conversion, opsin amino acid sequence and expression variation, and A1/A2‐chromophore shifts. The Characiforms we studied utilize three cone opsin classes (SWS2, RH2, LWS) and a rod opsin (RH1). However, the characiform's entire opsin gene repertoire is a product of dynamic evolution by opsin gene loss (SWS1, RH2) and duplication (LWS, RH1). The LWS‐ and RH1‐duplicates originated from a teleost specific whole‐genome duplication as well as characiform‐specific duplication events. Both LWS‐opsins exhibit gene conversion and, through substitutions in key tuning sites, one of the LWS‐paralogues has acquired spectral sensitivity to green light. These sequence changes suggest reversion and parallel evolution of key tuning sites. Furthermore, characiforms' colour vision is based on the expression of both LWS‐paralogues and SWS2. Finally, we found interspecific and intraspecific variation in A1/A2‐chromophores proportions, correlating with the light environment. These multiple mechanisms may be a result of the diverse visual environments where Characiformes have evolved.
Aquinas on Faith and Charity
Authors: Di Ceglie Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCharity plays a crucial role in Thomas Aquinas's view of faith. However, there is a tension in his writings between this fact and some passages that suggest that there may be faith without charity and that faith may merely consist of an intellectual act. In this essay, I explore this tension, which has been neglected in the literature. My thesis is that, although there are tensions and lack of clarity that characterize Aquinas's treatment of this subject, it can be said that he believed that faith is impossible without the intervention of charity, however exiguous this intervention may be.
Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation
Authors: Hijazi Karolin , Morrison Roderick W. , Mukhopadhya Indrani , Martin Brennan , Gemmell Matthew , Shaw Sophie , Santoro Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the relationship amongst the oral mucosal bacterial community, clinical severity and inflammatory markers in the two most common immune‐mediated oral mucosal diseases, namely recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (LP).MethodsPatients with RAS (n = 15) and LP (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 13) were recruited using criteria to reduce the effect of factors that influence the microbiota structure independently of oral mucosal disease. Clinical severity was quantified using validated scoring methods. DNA was extracted from oral mucosal swabs for 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing. Salivary cytokines were measured using cytometric bead assays. Correlation studies were conducted amongst microbial diversity, clinical scores and cytokine concentrations.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction of bacterial diversity in LP and RAS patients compared to controls (p = .021 and .044, respectively). Reduced bacterial diversity in LP and RAS correlated with increased clinical scores of the two conditions (⍴ = −0.551 to −0.714). A negative correlation was observed between microbial diversity and salivary interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17A and interleukin‐1β (⍴ = −0.325 to −0.449).ConclusionsThis study reports reduced oral microbial diversity in the context of increased mucosal inflammation and supports the role for microbial diversity as a marker or contributor to oral mucosal inflammatory disease activity and development.