bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of psychiatric disorders among Finnish ART and spontaneously conceived children: Finnish population-based register study
Authors: Rissanen E. , Gissler M. , Lehti V. , Tiitinen A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evidence regarding the psychiatric morbidity of children born after Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) is inconsistent and limited. While normal mental well-being for ART children is usually reported, concerns are still being raised. Previous studies examine only some psychiatric disorders, but not all of them, ignore the impact of multiplicity, and limit the follow-up time to childhood. We examined all psychiatric diagnoses for singletons until their young adulthood. The aim was to study whether the risk of psychiatric disorders differs between ART and spontaneously conceived (SC) singletons until young adulthood. This retrospective Finnish population-based register study includes all ART and SC live-born children born in Finland during 1990–2013 and their hospital care in 1990–2014 (n = 1,425,975 of which 1,385,956, 97.2% were singletons). After excluding multiples, the final population included 17,610 ART and 1,368,346 SC singletons in 1990–2013 from the Finnish Medical Birth Registry. These data were linked to the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registry with the child’s and mother’s encrypted IDs. ART singletons had fewer psychiatric diagnoses (ART 10.2%, n = 1796, SC 12.0%, n = 164,408), but they received their diagnoses earlier (mean 8.3 years old, SD 5.0) than SC singletons (mean 10.5 years old, SD 5.7). After adjusting for confounding factors, ART singletons had an increased likelihood of getting a psychiatric diagnosis until young adulthood and the results were similar for boys (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.24) and girls (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.16–1.35). We conclude that ART children receive their psychiatric diagnoses earlier than SC children, in particular during childhood and early adolescence. After adjusting for confounding factors ART children a slightly increased likelihood of any psychiatric diagnosis compared to SC controls.
Multiscale composite model of fiber-reinforced tissues with direct representation of sub-tissue properties
Authors: Zhou Minhao , Bezci Semih E. , O’Connell Grace D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In many fiber-reinforced tissues, collagen fibers are embedded within a glycosaminoglycan-rich extrafibrillar matrix. Knowledge of the structure–function relationship between the sub-tissue properties and bulk tissue mechanics is important for understanding tissue failure mechanics and developing biological repair strategies. Difficulties in directly measuring sub-tissue properties led to a growing interest in employing finite element modeling approaches. However, most models are homogeneous and are therefore not sufficient for investigating multiscale tissue mechanics, such as stress distributions between sub-tissue structures. To address this limitation, we developed a structure-based model informed by the native annulus fibrosus structure, where fibers and the matrix were described as distinct materials occupying separate volumes. A multiscale framework was applied such that the model was calibrated at the sub-tissue scale using single-lamellar uniaxial mechanical test data, while validated at the bulk scale by predicting tissue multiaxial mechanics for uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and simple shear (13 cases). Structure-based model validation results were compared to experimental observations and homogeneous models. While homogeneous models only accurately predicted bulk tissue mechanics for one case, structure-based models accurately predicted bulk tissue mechanics for 12 of 13 cases, demonstrating accuracy and robustness. Additionally, six of eight structure-based model parameters were directly linked to tissue physical properties, further broadening its future applicability. In conclusion, the structure-based model provides a powerful multiscale modeling approach for simultaneously investigating the structure–function relationship at the sub-tissue and bulk tissue scale, which is important for studying multiscale tissue mechanics with degeneration, disease, or injury.
Institutional Transformation Reflected: Engagement in Sensemaking and Organizational Learning in Florida’s Developmental Education Reform
Authors: Mokher Christine G. , Park-Gaghan Toby J. , Spencer Hayley , Hu Xinye , Hu Shouping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing a major statewide developmental education reform in Florida, we explored institutional transformation among Florida College System institutions. We used statewide survey data to examine lead administrators’ perceptions of challenges encountered during the planning process, ways in which colleges engaged in sensemaking (i.e., social processes for developing shared understanding) and organizational learning, and perceptions of the institutional transformation processes and outcomes following the reform. We found that institutions engaged in numerous types of sensemaking and organizational learning practices to promote change. Yet, despite different approaches taken to institutional transformation, almost all respondents reported that the change process was highly collaborative and involved a broad range of stakeholders.
Keeping Students Out of Mary’s (Class)room
Authors: Brock Richard , Hay David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Whilst many science educators, it is reported, associate knowledge with justified true belief (JTB), epistemologists have observed that the JTB model is an incomplete account of knowledge. Moreover, researchers from several fields have argued that developing scientific expertise involves not only the acquisition of knowledge that can be expressed in the form of a sentence, propositional knowledge, but also knowledge that cannot be articulated. This article examines the Mary’s room thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson and applies it to the context of science education. The thought experiment imagines a scientist, Mary, who has learned all the available scientific information about the physical properties of a tomato and the process of colour vision without directly experiencing the fruit. Jackson poses the question of whether Mary will gain new knowledge when she encounters a tomato for the first time. An argument is put forward that propositional and non-propositional knowledge are distinct, and a case is made for the value of non-propositional knowledge in learning science. An analogy is drawn between the scientist in Jackson’s thought experiment and a learner in a science classroom who is taught propositional knowledge about a scientific concept without directly experiencing relevant phenomena. It is argued that this approach to teaching fails to develop the learner’s non-propositional knowledge. A number of strategies for supporting learners to develop non-propositional knowledge are discussed. It is argued that science educators should consider the phenomenological curriculum, the experiences that students should be introduced to alongside propositional knowledge, in order to develop scientific understanding.
Electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigations of conductive polymers
Authors: Waware Umesh Somaji , Arukula Ravi , Hamouda A. M. S. , Kasak Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report the synthesis of high soluble poly(aniline-co-o-hydroxyaniline) copolymers with varying the amount of o-hydroxyaniline (20, 40, 60, and 80 %) and referred as PA-co-o-HA20, PA-co-o-HA40, PA-co-o-HA60, and PA-co-o-HA80 respectively. The chemical and structural composition of the polymers and copolymers were determined by XPS, UV–Vis, and FE-SEM analysis. Electrochemical studies of the as-prepared polymers showed two single-electron oxidations and two single-electron reductions reversibly at various scan rates ranging from 20 to 50 mV and results reveals that the current density of the copolymer was lesser than the conventional polyaniline (PA). This is due to increasing the hydroxyl (-OH) branching on the polymer backbone in the polymer chain. The current density decreases from PA-co-o-HA20 to PA-co-o-HA80 by increasing the weight percentage of o-hydroxyaniline in the polymeric backbone.
Diagnostik seltener Erkrankungen mit „next generation sequencing“ – angekommen oder abgewehrt?
Authors: Abicht Angela , Neuhann Teresa , Mehnert Laura , Rost Imma , Reis André , Zweier Christiane , Holinski-Feder Elke 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
In der genetischen Diagnostik geht der Weg von Einzelgenanalysen hin zu Genpanelanalysen, insbesondere bei seltenen genetischen Erkrankungen. Im Juli 2016 wurde mit einer Änderung des EBM (Einheitlicher Bewertungsmaßstab) die Möglichkeit geschaffen, bei Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung genetische Analysen mittels „next generation sequencing“ (NGS) zu erbringen. Allerdings wurde die Mutationssuche in mehr als 25 Kilobasen (kb) kodierender Sequenz unter einen Genehmigungsvorbehalt durch die Krankenkassen gestellt und im zeitlichen Verlauf durch einen Abrechnungsausschluss zur Analyse einzelner oder weniger Gene mit einem Analyseumfang von weniger als 25 kb weiter eingeschränkt.
Aus Diagnostiklaboren des bayerischen Landesverbandes des BVDH (Berufsverband Deutscher Humangenetiker e. V.) berichten wir über die Erfahrungen, die mit Antragstellung, Widerspruchsverfahren, Genehmigungsquote, Ablehnungsgründen und diagnostischem Outcome bei der Analyse großer Genpanels im Rahmen seltener Erkrankungen gewonnen wurden. Im Erhebungszeitraum von 7 Quartalen wurden in vier Laboren insgesamt 314 Gutachten zur Begründung eines Antrags nach GOP 11514 erstellt, die alle durch den MDK begutachtet wurden. 71 % der Anträge wurden abgelehnt. Insgesamt 95 Anträge (29 %) wurden genehmigt, teilweise allerdings erst nach bis zu 5 Widersprüchen. Die Ablehnungen wurden sowohl mit sozialmedizinischen als auch mit formalen Argumenten begründet, wobei in den meisten Fällen eine als fehlend angesehene therapeutische Relevanz als sozialmedizinisches Argument aufgeführt wurde. Durch die genehmigten umfassenden NGS-Analysen konnte bei über 30 % der untersuchten Patienten eine genetische Diagnose gestellt werden, die in zwei Drittel der Fälle behandlungsrelevant war.
Zusammenfassend stehen der Genehmigungsvorbehalt einer NGS-Analyse nach GOP 11514 und die damit aufgebauten Widerstände einer medizinisch notwendigen und sinnvollen Diagnostik in der Versorgung von Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen im Wege.
Long-term Annual Aerial Surveys of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Support Science, Management, and Restoration
Authors: Orth Robert J. , Dennison William C. , Gurbisz Cassie , Hannam Michael , Keisman Jeni , Landry J. Brooke , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Moore Kenneth A. , Murphy Rebecca R. , Patrick Christopher J. , Testa Jeremy , Weller Donald E. , Wilcox David J. , Batiuk Richard A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAerial surveys of coastal habitats can uniquely inform the science and management of shallow, coastal zones, and when repeated annually, they reveal changes that are otherwise difficult to assess from ground-based surveys. This paper reviews the utility of a long-term (1984–present) annual aerial monitoring program for submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, its tidal tributaries, and nearby Atlantic coastal bays, USA. We present a series of applications that highlight the program’s importance in assessing anthropogenic impacts, gauging water quality status and trends, establishing and evaluating restoration goals, and understanding the impact of commercial fishing practices on benthic habitats. These examples demonstrate how periodically quantifying coverage of this important foundational habitat answers basic research questions locally, as well as globally, and provides essential information to resource managers. New technologies are enabling more frequent and accurate aerial surveys at greater spatial resolution and lower cost. These advances will support efforts to extend the applications described here to similar issues in other areas.
Back to a Sovereign Future?: Constitutional Pluralism after Brexit
Authors: MAC AMHLAIGH Cormac 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo the extent that the UK's decision to withdraw from the EU can be interpreted as a reassertion of the classic ideas of Westphalian sovereign statehood, it questions the relevance of constitutional pluralism as a resolutely ‘post-sovereign’ model of relations between state administrations and their supranational counterparts. This contribution will therefore examine the usefulness and relevance of the idea of constitutional pluralism after Brexit. It looks at the various features and relationships affected by the Brexit process analysing the relevance of constitutional pluralism to each relationship pre- and post-Brexit, concluding that, whereas Brexit clearly affects the different relationships involved, constitutional pluralism can and will remain relevant to EU/UK relations as well as within the EU, well into the future.
Medical Consultations After Typhoon Haiyan in a Field Hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Gil Cuesta Julita , van Loenhout Joris Adriaan Frank , de Lara Banquesio Maria Lourdes , Mustaffa Masniza , Guha-Sapir Debarati 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction and Objectives:Typhoon Haiyan partially destroyed the Ormoc District Hospital in the Philippines. A field hospital was established to replace its outpatient department for 5 weeks. We investigated the reasons for medical consultation in the field hospital.Methods:We described the consultations by sex, age, week, and diagnosis according to the Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters system. We compared the number and proportion of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with a control season in 2014.Results:We included 6785 consultations, 55.9% from women. The majority of consultations were communicable diseases (88.2%) followed by noncommunicable (7.1%) and injuries (5.6%). Males suffered more often from injuries than women (66.0% vs 34.0%). Consultations due to injuries decreased from 10.0% in the first to 2.9% in the last week. The most frequent diagnosis over the study period was acute respiratory infections (ARIs) (73.1%), of which 83.0% were children. The number of daily URTIs was higher than in a similar 2014 period.Conclusions:ARI was the most prevalent diagnosis. We recommend ARI treatments being fully accessible after such a disaster. During the first week, injury prevention should focus on adult men. Studies after natural disasters should include control periods to better understand disease distribution, ultimately improving the prioritization in disasters.
Anti-money laundering regulation and the art market
Authors: Hufnagel Saskia , King Colin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing concerns that the art market is being used to launder criminal money and fund terrorist activities, measures have recently been introduced to subject the market to the anti-money laundering (AML) regime – such as the EU 5thMoney Laundering Directive (2018) and the US Illicit Art and Antiquities Trafficking Prevention Bill (2018). The expansion of the AML regime to include art dealers has been attributed to the failure of regulation and the vulnerabilities inherent in the market to laundering. This paper considers vulnerabilities to money laundering and examines the types of regulation that apply in the art market. The paper then goes on to analyse the application of AML criminal law and preventive measures in the UK context, demonstrating that art dealers can be criminally prosecuted for engaging in normal commercial activities. Even if dealers do comply with AML reporting rules, such compliance can significantly impact upon their business. These are important considerations given the government's emphasis on striking a balance between the burdens on business and deterring money laundering activities. Drawing upon the AGILE analytical framework, we remain sceptical about the continued expansion of the AML regime.
Assessing the stability of egocentric networks over time using the digital participant-aided sociogram tool Network Canvas
Authors: Hogan Bernie , Janulis Patrick , Phillips Gregory Lee , Melville Joshua , Mustanski Brian , Contractor Noshir , Birkett Michelle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the stability of egocentric networks as reported over time using a novel touchscreen-based participant-aided sociogram. Past work has noted the instability of nominated network alters, with a large proportion leaving and reappearing between interview observations. To explain this instability of networks over time, researchers often look to structural embeddedness, namely the notion that alters are connected to other alters within egocentric networks. Recent research has also asked whether the interview situation itself may play a role in conditioning respondents to what might be the appropriate size and shape of a social network, and thereby which alters ought to be nominated or not. We report on change in these networks across three waves and assess whether this change appears to be the result of natural churn in the network or whether changes might be the result of factors in the interview itself, particularly anchoring and motivated underreporting. Our results indicate little change in average network size across waves, particularly for indirect tie nominations. Slight, significant changes were noted between waves one and two particularly among those with the largest networks. Almost no significant differences were observed between waves two and three, either in terms of network size, composition, or density. Data come from three waves of a Chicago-based panel study of young men who have sex with men.
Structure in personal networks: Constructing and comparing typologies
Authors: Vacca Raffaele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA recurrent finding in personal network research is that individual and social outcomes are influenced not just by the kind of people one knows, but also by how those people are connected to each other. Personal network structure – the way in which one’s personal contacts know and interact with each other – reflects broader trends in social organization and personal communities, and shapes patterns of social capital, support, and isolation. This article proposes a method to identify typologies of structure in large collections of personal networks. The method is applied to six datasets collected in widely different circumstances and using various survey instruments. It is then compared with another recently introduced method to extract typologies of egocentric network structure. Findings show that personal network structure can be effectively summarized using just three measures of cohesive subgroup characteristics. Structural typologies can then be identified by applying standard cluster analysis techniques to the three variables. Both methods considered in the article capture significant variation in network structures, but they also show substantial levels of disagreement and cross-classification. I discuss similarities and differences between the methods, and potential applications of the proposed typologies to substantive research on personal communities, social support, and social capital.
Variability of H
α
emission in young stellar objects in the cluster IC 348
Authors: Nikoghosyan Elena H. , Azatyan N. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
H
α
emission is one of the most prominent features of young stellar objects in the optical range, and importantly, the equivalent width (EW) of H
α
emission [EW(H
α
)] is used to characterise an evolutionary stage of young stars. The aim of this work is to identify and study the stellar objects with variable EW(H
α
) in the young stellar cluster IC 348. We performed photometric and slit-less observations at several epochs in order to reveal the variable objects. Significant variability of EW(H
α
) was found in 90 out of 127 examined stars. From all epochs of observations, 32 objects were classified as CTT (classical T Tauri) and 69 as WTT (weak-line T Tauri) objects. The fraction of the variables in these samples is ~60%. We also identified 20 stellar objects, which showed not only a significant variability of the EW, but which also change their apparent evolutionary stage (CTT ⇆ WTT). For six stars, H
α
line was observed in both emission and absorption.
The analysis of data obtained over a wide wavelength range (from X-ray to mid-infrared) has shown that H
α
activity and the measure of its variability are in good agreement with the activity of stellar objects measured with its other parameters, such as X-ray radiation and the mass accretion rate. The EW(H
α
) differs not only between objects at different evolutionary stages, but also between variable and non-variable objects. The variables in the CTT and WTT samples are more active than non-variables although they have almost the same evolutionary age. Another distinct difference between these variables and non-variables is their average masses. The variables from both CTT and WTT samples are noticeably more massive than non-variables. Our data confirm the assumption made for other star formation regions that the decay of accretion activity occurs more slowly for more massive CTT objects. Apparently, a similar trend is also present in WTT objects, which are at a later stage of evolution. The variability of the stellar objects, which change their evolutionary classes (CTT ⇆ WTT), at least in a fraction of them, is due to the fact that they are close binaries, which affects and modulates their H
α
emission activity.
National Belonging and Public Support for Multiculturalism
Authors: Goodman Sara Wallace , Alarian Hannah M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow do views about national identity shape support for multiculturalism? In this paper, we argue that individuals who view national ingroup belonging as “achievable” are more likely to support multiculturalism than individuals who view belonging as “ascriptive.” Using data from the 1995, 2003, and 2013 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) Nationality Identity survey waves across 35 advanced democracies, we find achievable national identities correspond with support for multicultural principles but not for programmatic aspects involving government intervention. Robust analyses reveal these patterns are specific to the content, rather than the strength, of one's national identity. Our findings underline the role of both national belonging and outgroup attitudes on building support for policies of inclusion—and therefore social solidarity—in diverse democracies.