bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidence bands for a distribution function with merged data from multiple sources
Authors: Saegusa Takumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider nonparametric estimation of a distribution function when data are collected from multiple overlapping data sources. Main statistical challenges include (1) heterogeneity of data sets, (2) unidentified duplicated records across data sets, and (3) dependence due to sampling without replacement from a data source. The proposed estimator is computable without identifying duplication but corrects bias from duplicated records. We show the uniform consistency of the proposed estimator over the real line and its weak convergence to a Gaussian process. Based on these asymptotic properties, we propose a simulation-based confidence band that enjoys asymptotically correct coverage probability. The finite sample performance is evaluated through a simulation study. A Wilms tumor example is provided.
Applying data synthesis for longitudinal business data across three countries
Authors: Jahangir Alam M. , Dostie Benoit , Drechsler Jörg , Vilhuber Lars 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Data on businesses collected by statistical agencies are challenging to protect. Many businesses have unique characteristics, and distributions of employment, sales, and profits are highly skewed. Attackers wishing to conduct identification attacks often have access to much more information than for any individual. As a consequence, most disclosure avoidance mechanisms fail to strike an acceptable balance between usefulness and confidentiality protection. Detailed aggregate statistics by geography or detailed industry classes are rare, public-use microdata on businesses are virtually inexistant, and access to confidential microdata can be burdensome. Synthetic microdata have been proposed as a secure mechanism to publish microdata, as part of a broader discussion of how to provide broader access to such data sets to researchers. In this article, we document an experiment to create analytically valid synthetic data, using the exact same model and methods previously employed for the United States, for data from two different countries: Canada (Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP)) and Germany (Establishment History Panel (BHP)). We assess utility and protection, and provide an assessment of the feasibility of extending such an approach in a cost-effective way to other data.
Extraction of 11-Keto-β -Boswellic Acid from Indian Olibanum by Contemporary Extraction Modes: Optimization and Validation of HPTLC
Authors: Abidin Lubna , Singla Prerna , Kausar Hina , Mujeeb Mohd , Rahman Abdur , Aqil Mohd , Najmi Abul Kalam 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Boswellic acids are the main constituents of Boswellia serrata gum. These
comprise of four pentacyclic triterpenes, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) being one of them.

Objectives:
Comparing the extraction efficiency of KBA through microwave-assisted extraction
(MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by optimizing the extraction process using
response surface methodology (RSM) and validation of HPTLC.

Methods:
UAE and MAE of KBA were carried out employing methanol as an extracting solvent.
To figure out the better mode of extraction, single factorial experiments were conducted for further
optimization. Design expert software was used for optimization purposes where solvent to drug ratio,
extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as input variables. Quantification of
KBA in each extract was done through High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC),
and the method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Results :
UAE stood out to be a better mode of extraction for KBA. Solvent to drug ratio of 20.42
mL/gram, extraction temperature of 44.01°C and extraction time of 11.54 minutes were established
as optimum conditions, which yielded 8.44%w/w of KBA. Regarding HPTLC, the Rf value of
KBA was measured, and the correlation coefficient was calculated from the standard curve. Accuracy,
precision and recovery were found within limits.

Conclusion:
From this study, it was concluded that a non-thermal method is a better choice of extraction
for KBA. All the input variables significantly affected KBA content, which was confirmed
by model fitting. Moreover, the HPTLC method was developed for the quantification of KBA,
which was found to be accurate, reliable and highly sensitive.
An Appraisal of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporated with Chemically Different Fly Ashes
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Pushpalal Dinil , Kashima Hiroo 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Generally, the compressive strength of fly ash concrete differs depending on the properties of fly ash. This strength difference causes difficulties for concrete engineers to guarantee the strength of supplied concrete.

Methods:
This research firstly carried out the compressive strength tests on the concrete incorporated with fly ash possessing various chemical composition, which are high and low calcium fly ashes. The linear and nonlinear regression analyses were adopted to build the strength prediction model.

Results:
The chemical and physical properties of procured fly ash with high and low calcium contents have been quantified. Specifically, the compressive strength of concrete with high calcium fly ash demonstrates a strong correlation with calcium content, rather than physical properties such as the surface area and loss of ignition. Therefore, the compressive strength on 28th day can be assessed by a simple formula, taking CaO content of fly ash as an independent variable. In further, the strength on an arbitrary day can be predicted based on the 28th day strength and the replacement rate of fly ash.

Conclusion:
The two-step framework proposed in this research enables concrete engineers to evaluate the compressive strength of fly ash concrete with an error rate of less than 30%, within the applicable range addressed in this research.
Young People’s Experiences Using an On-Demand Mobile Health Sexual and Reproductive Health Text Message Intervention in Kenya: Qualitative Study
Authors: Mwaisaka Jefferson , Gonsalves Lianne , Thiongo Mary , Waithaka Michael , Sidha Hellen , Alfred Otieno , Mukiira Carol , Gichangi Peter 
Published: September 2020

Background
Digital health usability assessments can help explain how well mobile health (mHealth) apps targeting young people with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information performed and whether the intended purpose was achieved. However, few digital health assessments have been conducted to evaluate young people’s perceptions regarding mHealth system interactions and content relevance on a wide range of SRH topics. In addition, the majority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have focused on push messaging platforms; therefore, the mHealth field lacks sufficient RCTs investigating on-demand mHealth SRH platforms.

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore young people’s experiences using an on-demand SRH mHealth platform in Kenya.

Methods
We used qualitative data related to the usability of an mHealth platform, Adolescent/Youth Reproductive Mobile Access and Delivery Initiatives for Love and Life Outcome (ARMADILLO), collected at the end of the intervention period. A total of 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with the intervention participants (15 women and 15 men) to elicit their experiences, opinions, and perspectives on the design and content of the ARMADILLO platform. The study participants were randomly selected from a list of intervention arm participants to participate in the IDIs. The interviews were later transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and coded and analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12 software (QSR International).

Results
Respondents reported varied user experiences and levels of satisfaction, ranging from ease of use by the majority of the respondents to systematic frustrations that prevented some participants from progressing to other stages. Interesting features of the mHealth platform included the immediate response participants received when requesting messages, weekly remunerated quizzes, and perceived ability of educative and informative content and messages to change behaviors. Proposed enhancements to the platform included revising some concepts and words for easy understanding and increasing the interactivity of the platform, whereby young people could seek clarity when they came across difficult terms or had additional questions about the information they received.

Conclusions
The importance of understanding the range of health literacy and technological variations when dealing with young people cannot be overemphasized. Young people, as mHealth end users, must be considered throughout intervention development to achieve optimum functionality. In addition, young people targeted with mHealth SRH interventions must be sensitized to the interactions on mHealth platforms or any other digital health apps if implemented in a nonresearch setting for optimal use by the targeted audience.
Applying eHealth for Pandemic Management in Saudi Arabia in the Context of COVID-19: Survey Study and Framework Proposal
Authors: Alsharif Abdullah 
Published: September 2020

Background
The increased frequency of epidemics such as Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola virus, and Zika virus has created stress on health care management and operations as well as on relevant stakeholders. In addition, the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been creating challenges for various countries and their respective health care organizations in managing and controlling the pandemic. One of the most important observations during the recent outbreak is the lack of effective eHealth frameworks for managing and controlling pandemics.

Objective
The aims of this study are to review the current National eHealth Strategy of Saudi Arabia and to propose an integrated eHealth framework that can be effective for managing health care operations and services during pandemics.

Methods
A questionnaire-based survey was administered to 316 health care professionals to review the current national eHealth framework of Saudi Arabia and identify the objectives, factors, and components that are key for managing and controlling pandemics. Purposive sampling was used to collect responses from diverse experts, including physicians, technical experts, nurses, administrative experts, and pharmacists. The survey was administered at five hospitals in Saudi Arabia by forwarding the survey link using a web-based portal. A sample population of 350 was achieved, which was filtered to exclude incomplete and ineligible samples, giving a sample of 316 participants.

Results
Of the 316 participants, 187 (59.2%) found the current eHealth framework to be ineffective, and more than 50% of the total participants stated that the framework lacked some essential components and objectives. Additional components and objectives focusing on using eHealth for managing information, creating awareness, increasing accessibility and reachability, promoting self-management and self-collaboration, promoting electronic services, and extensive stakeholder engagement were considered to be the most important factors by more than 80% of the total participants.

Conclusions
Managing pandemics requires an effective and efficient eHealth framework that can be used to manage various health care services by integrating different eHealth components and collaborating with all stakeholders.
Opportunities and Challenges Surrounding the Use of Data From Wearable Sensor Devices in Health Care: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Azodo Ijeoma , Williams Robin , Sheikh Aziz , Cresswell Kathrin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWearable sensors connected via networked devices have the potential to generate data that may help to automate processes of care, engage patients, and increase health care efficiency. The evidence of effectiveness of such technologies is, however, nascent and little is known about unintended consequences.ObjectiveOur objective was to explore the opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of data from wearable sensor devices in health care.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative, theoretically informed, interview-based study to purposefully sample international experts in health care, technology, business, innovation, and social sciences, drawing on sociotechnical systems theory. We used in-depth interviews to capture perspectives on development, design, and use of data from wearable sensor devices in health care, and employed thematic analysis of interview transcripts with NVivo to facilitate coding.ResultsWe interviewed 16 experts. Although the use of data from wearable sensor devices in health and care has significant potential in improving patient engagement, there are a number of issues that stakeholders need to negotiate to realize these benefits. These issues include the current gap between data created and meaningful interpretation in health and care contexts, integration of data into health care professional decision making, negotiation of blurring lines between consumer and medical care, and pervasive monitoring of health across previously disconnected contexts.ConclusionsStakeholders need to actively negotiate existing challenges to realize the integration of data from wearable sensor devices into electronic health records. Viewing wearables as active parts of a connected digital health and care infrastructure, in which various business, personal, professional, and health system interests align, may help to achieve this.
Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Time of Telemedicine: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Zingone Fabiana , Siniscalchi Monica , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Barberio Brigida , Cingolani Linda , D'Incà Renata , De Filippo Francesca Romana , Camera Silvia , Ciacci Carolina 
Published: September 2020

Background
After the COVID-19 outbreak, the Italian Government stopped most regular health care activity. As a result, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had limited access to outpatient clinics and hospitals.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the perception of the COVID-19 emergency among patients with IBD during the early weeks of the lockdown.

Methods
We invited adult patients with IBD from the University of Salerno (Campania, South Italy) and the University of Padua (Veneto, North Italy) by email to answer an ad hoc anonymous survey about COVID-19. We also collected data on demographic and disease characteristics.

Results
In total, 167 patients with IBD from Padua and 83 patients from Salerno answered the survey (age: mean 39.7 years, SD 13.9 years; female: n=116, 46.4%). We found that patients with IBD were particularly worried about the COVID-19 pandemic (enough: 77/250, 30.8%; much/very much: 140/250, 56.0%), as they felt more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their condition (enough: 70/250, 28.0%; much/very much: 109/250, 43.6%). Patients with IBD from the red zone of Veneto were more worried than patients from Campania (P=.001), and men felt more susceptible to the virus than women (P=.05). Additionally, remote medicine was appreciated more by younger patients than older patients (P=.04).

Conclusions
The results of our survey demonstrate that the lockdown had a significant impact on the psychological aspects of patients with IBD and suggest the need for increasing communication with patients with IBD (eg, through telemedicine) to ensure patients receive adequate health care, correct information, and proper psychological support.
Risk-Taking Behaviors and Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Users of Geosocial Networking Apps: Real-World, Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Zhang Jing , Chu Zhenxing , Hu Qinghai , Dong Willa , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Yaokai , Wang Hui , He Xiaoqing , Zhang Lukun , Hu Zhili , Bao Rantong , Li Shangcao , Li Hang , Cui Sitong , Jin Xia , Ding Haibo , Geng Wenqing , Jiang Yongjun , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong 
Published: September 2020

Background
Over half of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking (GSN) apps to encounter sex partners. GSN apps’ users have become a unique large subpopulation among MSM for interventions concerning HIV prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising measure for HIV prevention, especially for MSM, but its effectiveness largely depends on medication adherence. However, little is known about PrEP adherence among GSN apps’ users, which is critical to addressing the overall optimization of PrEP compliance outside of clinical trials in the context of large-scale implementation.

Objective
The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between GSN apps’ use and medication adherence among MSM receiving PrEP, with the aim to increase their awareness about PrEP use in order to increase adherence.

Methods
This study based on the China Real-world Oral intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) project, a multicenter, real-world study of Chinese MSM on daily and event-driven PrEP. Eligible participants completed a detailed computer-assisted self-interview on sociodemographic, GSN apps’ use, and sexual behavior. Then participants were followed up for 12 months and assessed for various characteristics (eg, PrEP delivery, adherence assessment, PrEP coverage of sexual activities, and regimens switch). A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the predictors of medication adherence and regimen conversion among GSN apps’ users and nonusers.

Results
At baseline, 756 of the 1023 eligible participants (73.90%) reported primarily using GSN apps to seek sexual partners, and GSN apps’ users are more likely to have high-risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and condomless anal intercourse than other nonusers (all P<.05). During follow-up, GSN apps’ users had a significantly low level of pill-counting adherence than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0, P=.038). In the event-driven group, GSN apps’ users had marginally lower levels of self-reported adherence (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.060) and lower PrEP coverage of sexual practices (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.038). Additionally, GSN apps’ users seemed more likely to switch from event-driven to daily regimen (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.3, P=.084).

Conclusions
GSN apps’ users are highly prevalent among MSM, despite their higher sexual risk and lower adherence levels, suggesting that eHealth needs to be introduced to the GSN platform to promote PrEP adherence.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IIN-17013762; https://tinyurl.com/yy2mhrv4.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1186/s12879-019-4355-y
COVID-19 Self-Reported Symptom Tracking Programs in the United States: Framework Synthesis
Authors: Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez , Janvrin Miranda Lynn , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Madsen Cathaleen , Sturdivant Rodney 
Published: September 2020

Background
With the continued spread of COVID-19 in the United States, identifying potential outbreaks before infected individuals cross the clinical threshold is key to allowing public health officials time to ensure local health care institutions are adequately prepared. In response to this need, researchers have developed participatory surveillance technologies that allow individuals to report emerging symptoms daily so that their data can be extrapolated and disseminated to local health care authorities.

Objective
This study uses a framework synthesis to evaluate existing self-reported symptom tracking programs in the United States for COVID-19 as an early-warning tool for probable clusters of infection. This in turn will inform decision makers and health care planners about these technologies and the usefulness of their information to aid in federal, state, and local efforts to mobilize effective current and future pandemic responses.

Methods
Programs were identified through keyword searches and snowball sampling, then screened for inclusion. A best fit framework was constructed for all programs that met the inclusion criteria by collating information collected from each into a table for easy comparison.

Results
We screened 8 programs; 6 were included in our final framework synthesis. We identified multiple common data elements, including demographic information like race, age, gender, and affiliation (all were associated with universities, medical schools, or schools of public health). Dissimilarities included collection of data regarding smoking status, mental well-being, and suspected exposure to COVID-19.

Conclusions
Several programs currently exist that track COVID-19 symptoms from participants on a semiregular basis. Coordination between symptom tracking program research teams and local and state authorities is currently lacking, presenting an opportunity for collaboration to avoid duplication of efforts and more comprehensive knowledge dissemination.
Perceptions of a COVID-19 education public service announcement in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan: a qualitative study
Authors: Leksono Tiara Putri , Lestari Avinindita Nura , Khaidar Reyfal , Pramesti Yuga Putri , Sari Syarmila , Lazuardi Lutfan 
Published: September 2020

Indigenous populations experience a risk of socio-economic marginalization in health emergency, including COVID-19. Public service announcements (PSA) are promotional materials that address problems in an attempt to increase public awareness. North Kalimantan is one of the frontier, outermost, and least developed regions in Indonesia with 11 regional languages spoken. One of the districts with inadequate human resources in the area is Nunukan regency. The present study sought to understand how one group of people in Nunukan Regency reactions, interests, and impressions with the COVID-19 information found in Bugis and Toraja version of audio PSAs released by Health Empowerment and Education Project (HEUProject). The study belongs to qualitative research and used purposive sampling with seven participants from two sub-district in Nunukan Regency. The data is analyzed qualitative-thematically which is further interpreted and presented in the form of a description. Additionally, to see the variety of participants’ answers information transmission through PSAs, we analyzed the data using Tableau software 2020 version and presented the relative frequency of words with visual infographic. The study findings of the participants' immediate reactions were following the advice on the PSAs audio, for instance to keep the physical distance and washing their hands frequently. The most participants in this study have the willingness to hear, to understand, and also feel interested with the useful content in audio format that apparently improves their awareness of COVID-19 information. Overall, it is immediately apparent that the language, transmission of message, and information found in the HEUProject’s COVID-19 educational PSA were understood and engaged by participants in a way that it reflects on the pandemic situation. Our study supports the national usage of disease prevention with this type of media approach that could be used in public places in the future that may minimize the language divide.