bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Psychometrists’ Practices to Inform Neuropsychological Services
Authors: Zane Katherine L , McCuddy William T , Mahoney, III James J , Kelty Merry K , Scarisbrick David M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Quality of life (QOL) is a broad-ranging concept affecting an individual’s physical health, psychological state, social relationships, and relationship to their environment. Although the role of psychometrists in clinical neuropsychology is integral to the delivery of services, little is known about their QOL. The current study assessed psychometrists’ workload and aspects related to work QOL (e.g., physical and emotional exhaustion, social and work satisfaction).

Method
Psychometrists (N = 164) from 38 states completed a nationally distributed survey. Participants averaged eight years of experience, ~29% completed board certification, and worked primarily in general hospitals (~36%), academic medical centers (~21%), private practice (~15%), veterans/military hospitals (~13%), and rehabilitation hospitals (~12%).

Results
Respondents saw 5.6±2.4 (Mean±Standard Deviation) patients and spent 18.8±6.9 and 9.4±4.9 hours administering and scoring, respectively, per week. Although the majority of respondents felt satisfied with their work QOL, approximately 49% experienced emotional exhaustion, 42% experienced burnout, and 62% reported that fatigue interfered with work, family, or social life. Correlational analyses found a significant relationship between QOL variables and professional activities, particularly with time spent scoring. Additionally, patient load, time spent administering/scoring, and QOL factors varied depending on work setting.

Conclusion
The current study provides a novel characterization of psychometrists’ QOL. Specifically, the prevalence of emotional exhaustion and fatigue appears to be higher than in the general working population in the United States. In addition, these findings highlight the current variability of job responsibilities and QOL across work settings. Ongoing advocacy and practice adjustments for this field are indicated.
In Vitro Evaluation of Common Antimicrobial Solutions Used for Breast Implant Soaking and Breast Pocket Irrigation—Part 1: Efficacy Against Planktonic Bacteria
Authors: Jewell Mark L , Hariri Sara , Lantz Ellen E , Jewell Hillary L , Strickland Aaron D , Leung Braden K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Planktonic bacteria can be inadvertently introduced during breast surgery procedures, which are hypothesized to lead to complications such as infection, capsular contracture, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and a prolonged local inflammatory response. The utilization of antimicrobial solutions such as triple antibiotic solution (TAB) and/or 10% povidone-iodine (PI) in breast pocket irrigation or implant soaking has been proposed to reduce planktonic bacterial attachment and potential complications.

Objectives
A series of in vitro assessments were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial utility of TAB and PI, either alone or in combination, against planktonic bacteria.

Methods
Planktonic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains were exposed to TAB and PI ± TAB for up to 10 minutes in a bacterial time-kill assay. The efficacy of various dilutions of PI as well as the effects of serum protein on PI efficacy were also investigated.

Results
TAB was ineffective at the timeframes tested (≤10 minutes) when utilized alone; however, when utilized with PI, significant log reduction of all tested planktonic species was achieved. PI alone was also effective, even including dilute concentrations (eg, 0.5% PI), although the presence of serum proteins required higher concentrations of PI (eg, 2.5%) to eradicate the bacterial load.

Conclusions
Our data suggest PI-containing solutions may be preferred over either saline or TAB without PI for primary breast pocket irrigation and implant soaking in primary breast surgeries as a means to significantly reduce planktonic bacteria. These data provide an impetus for surgeons to re-evaluate the efficacy of TAB solution in these clinical settings.
Novel SARS-CoV-2 encoded small RNAs in the passage to humans
Authors: Merino Gabriela A , Raad Jonathan , Bugnon Leandro A , Yones Cristian , Kamenetzky Laura , Claus Juan , Ariel Federico , Milone Diego H , Stegmayer Georgina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as the responsible for the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019. This virus is closely related to coronaviruses infecting bats and Malayan pangolins, species suspected to be an intermediate host in the passage to humans. Several genomic mutations affecting viral proteins have been identified, contributing to the understanding of the recent animal-to-human transmission. However, the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to encode functional putative microRNAs (miRNAs) remains largely unexplored.

Results
We have used deep learning to discover 12 candidate stem-loop structures hidden in the viral protein-coding genome. Among the precursors, the expression of eight mature miRNAs-like sequences was confirmed in small RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 infected human cells. Predicted miRNAs are likely to target a subset of human genes of which 109 are transcriptionally deregulated upon infection. Remarkably, 28 of those genes potentially targeted by SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs are down-regulated in infected human cells. Interestingly, most of them have been related to respiratory diseases and viral infection, including several afflictions previously associated with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The comparison of SARS-CoV-2 pre-miRNA sequences with those from bat and pangolin coronaviruses suggests that single nucleotide mutations could have helped its progenitors jumping inter-species boundaries, allowing the gain of novel mature miRNAs targeting human mRNAs. Our results suggest that the recent acquisition of novel miRNAs-like sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may have contributed to modulate the transcriptional reprograming of the new host upon infection.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/sinc-lab/sarscov2-mirna-discovery.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measuring cerebral perfusion with [11C]-PiB R1 in Down syndrome: associations with amyloid burden and longitudinal cognitive decline
Authors: Mak Elijah , Grigorova Monika , Beresford-Webb Jessica , Malpetti Maura , Walpert Madeline , Brown Stephanie , Jones Elizabeth , Clare Isabel , Hong Young T , Fryer Tim D , Coles Jonathan P , Aigbirhio Franklin I , Menon David K , Nestor Peter J , Holland Anthony J , Zaman Shahid H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Positron emission tomography imaging of glucose hypometabolism and amyloid deposition are two well-established methods to evaluate preclinical changes in Alzheimer’s disease and people with Down syndrome. However, the use of both imaging modalities may overburden participants, particularly those with intellectual disabilities and cognitive impairment. The relative tracer delivery of the [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B has been proposed as a viable surrogate for cerebral perfusion. Here, we studied the impact of amyloid pathology on perfusion changes in Down syndrome and evaluated its associations with cognitive impairment. In total, 47 adults with Down syndrome underwent the [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B imaging and structural imaging. The structural data were processed with Freesurfer to obtain anatomical segmentations and cortical thickness. The relative tracer delivery from [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B was derived using a simplified reference tissue model. The sample was stratified into those with minimal amyloid burden (n = 25) and those with elevated amyloid (n = 22). We found significant and widespread reductions of cerebral perfusion in those with elevated amyloid burden, independent of age, gender, cognitive function and cortical thickness. In addition, cerebral perfusion was associated with the cognitive impairment among the Down syndrome group with elevated amyloid burden. These findings highlight the promising utility of the relative tracer delivery of the [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B as a surrogate index in clinical trials for monitoring disease progression or tracking physiologic changes over time in Down syndrome.
Neural Basis of Semantically Dependent and Independent Cross-Modal Boosts on the Attentional Blink
Authors: Zhao Song , Feng Chengzhi , Huang Xinyin , Wang Yijun , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in a visual object-recognition task under the attentional blink paradigm to explore the temporal dynamics of the cross-modal boost on attentional blink and whether this auditory benefit would be modulated by semantic congruency between T2 and the simultaneous sound. Behaviorally, the present study showed that not only a semantically congruent but also a semantically incongruent sound improved T2 discrimination during the attentional blink interval, whereas the enhancement was larger for the congruent sound. The ERP results revealed that the behavioral improvements induced by both the semantically congruent and incongruent sounds were closely associated with an early cross-modal interaction on the occipital N195 (192–228 ms). In contrast, the lower T2 accuracy for the incongruent than congruent condition was accompanied by a larger late occurring cento-parietal N440 (424–448 ms). These findings suggest that the cross-modal boost on attentional blink is hierarchical: the task-irrelevant but simultaneous sound, irrespective of its semantic relevance, firstly enables T2 to escape the attentional blink via cross-modally strengthening the early stage of visual object-recognition processing, whereas the semantic conflict of the sound begins to interfere with visual awareness only at a later stage when the representation of visual object is extracted.
Association of β-Lactam Allergy Documentation and Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Surgery: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Bertram Christie M , Postelnick Michael , Mancini Christian M , Fu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yuqing , Schulz Lucas T , Bhowmick Tanaya , Lee Francesca , Blumenthal Kimberly G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alternative antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis are associated with increased adverse events and surgical site infection compared to cefazolin. In a sample of perioperative inpatients from 100 hospitals in the United States, cefazolin was 9-fold less likely to be used in patients with a documented β-lactam allergy whereas clindamycin was 45-fold more likely.
The impact of corrective feedback on English articles
Authors: di Gennaro Kristen , Ekiert Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies on focused written corrective feedback in L2 contexts report that such feedback is effective, even with learners’ use of English articles. They report that by narrowly targeting two single-rule-based functions—first-mention a/an and second-mention the—learners acquire greater mastery and control over these forms. The effects of such selective corrective feedback on learners’ understanding of the complex and opaque English article system has not yet been considered in this strand of research. This classroom-based study investigates the impact of such focused corrective feedback on learners’ remaining functional article uses. The results indicate that while the focused corrective feedback leads to increased accuracy in the simple rule-based functions of articles, the same feedback may negatively impact the remaining article functions, especially for the group that received the most explicit feedback in the form of metalinguistic explanation.
Concepts in cardiac oncology
Authors: Bisceglia Irma , Cartoni Domenico , Petrolati Sandro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cardiac oncology is a subspecialty of cardiology engaging cardiologists and oncologists alike, in order to provide the best possible oncologic treatment for patients at high cardiovascular risk or developing cardio-toxicity during the course of their treatment, thus avoiding discontinuing it, and aiming at improving survival and quality of life. Early diagnosis and the effectiveness of the newer cancer treatments delivered an increasing number of long-term survivors (presently almost 30 million worldwide), at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This predisposition has been correlated not only to the toxic side effects of the oncologic treatment but also to a real vulnerability to the risk factors in this patients population. For decades, the concept of cardio-toxicity in cardiac oncology has been restricted to ventricular dysfunction, but during the last few years the Food and Drug Administration has approved hundreds of new molecules and cardiac oncology has escalated its complexity. The introduction of new target therapy, proteasome inhibitors, immuno-modulators, and inhibitors of the immunitary checkpoint, magnified the concept of cardio-toxicity to a wider definition of ‘cardiovascular toxicity’ incorporating arterial hypertension, ischaemia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmic complications, long QT, and arterial and venous thrombosis. We are still lacking guidelines on the new and varied forms of toxicity, as well as monitoring strategies in the short- and long-term follow-up.
Is there a relationship between blood pressure values and dementia?
Authors: Desideri Giovambattista , Bocale Raffaella 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The relationship between arterial hypertension and cognitive decline, two among the conditions with higher prevalence in the elderly population, has gained significant interest, in the scientific community, during the last few years, stemming from the numerous epidemiologic, experimental, and therapeutic evidences suggesting a non-casual correlation between the two conditions. In fact, the brain, for its substantial metabolic and functional complexity, is more susceptible to the harmful effect of high blood pressure than the other target organs. Chronic ischaemic impairment, microvascular damage, and neurodegenerative phenomena are the likely pathophysiologic basis for the correlation between hypertension and cognitive decline. Vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the two prominent forms of senile dementia, seem to represent the end result of the chronic exposure, during the lifetime, to harmful stimuli, among which the most relevant are the cardiovascular risk factors, at least from an epidemiological perspective. Evidences from interventional studies, although limited, seems to support the concept that to limit the spread of senile dementia, the early optimization of the control of cardiovascular risk factors, first and foremost hypertension, is crucial. The occurrence of a variable degree of mental decline, till overt dementia, in the hypertensive patient, represents the final step of a pathophysiologic process that began many years before. There is, then, the clear opportunity to control the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient.
Early risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, and bleeding in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cavallari Ilaria , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is independently associated with a 1.5- to 2.0-fold higher risk of all-cause death and increased morbidity, in particular for heart failure and stroke. Previous studies have shown that the annual rate of death in AF patients is ∼5%; however, emerging data indicate that the risk of death, but also of thromboembolic and bleeding complications, is highest early after the diagnosis, especially during the first month. In light of these observations, patients with newly diagnosed AF deserve close monitoring and may benefit from a comprehensive care targeting modifiable risk factors for death, such as heart failure, diabetes, renal impairment, and vascular disease. Aim of this report is to focus on timing and causes of death as well as on temporal trends of cardiovascular and bleeding complications in patients with newly diagnosed AF.
The PEP-pyruvate-oxaloacetate node: variation at the heart of metabolism
Authors: Koendjbiharie Jeroen G , van Kranenburg Richard , Kengen Servé W M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
At the junction between the glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle—as well as various other metabolic pathways—lies the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-pyruvate-oxaloacetate node (PPO-node). These three metabolites form the core of a network involving at least eleven different types of enzymes, each with numerous subtypes. Obviously, no single organism maintains each of these eleven enzymes; instead, different organisms possess different subsets in their PPO-node, which results in a remarkable degree of variation, despite connecting such deeply conserved metabolic pathways as the glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The PPO-node enzymes play a crucial role in cellular energetics, with most of them involved in (de)phosphorylation of nucleotide phosphates, while those responsible for malate conversion are important redox enzymes. Variations in PPO-node therefore reflect the different energetic niches that organisms can occupy. In this review, we give an overview of the biochemistry of these eleven PPO-node enzymes. We attempt to highlight the variation that exists, both in PPO-node compositions, as well as in the roles that the enzymes can have within those different settings, through various recent discoveries in both bacteria and archaea that reveal deviations from canonical functions.
Orphans at play in Cría cuervos (1976) and Estiu 1993 (2017): Reconsidering the playspace
Authors: Beaney Rachel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article seeks to explore the presentation of play in two child-centred Spanish films. Carlos Saura’s Cría cuervos (1976) and Carla Simón’s Estiu 1993 (2017) demonstrate that playful interactions offer cinematic child protagonists a plethora of ways to speak in the narratives. A reconsideration of the child orphan character in Spanish cinema will allow us to move away from limited understandings of the filmic child of much Civil-War themed cinema as a mute witness or cipher of victimhood. This essay will use a tripartite approach, with the transition to democracy as a lens, examining the beginning of the transition in the 1970s as seen in Cría. The consequences of the transition that are apparent in 1990s cinematic childhoods in Estiu will then also be explored. Through a comparative analysis, I demonstrate that the protagonists frequently turn to play to make sense of the dramatic social and political changes that envelop their world. Both Saura and Simón remind audiences that children were indeed present for, and affected by, the historical events of the Franco regime (in Cría cuervos) and the AIDS crisis of 1980s and 1990s Spain (in Estiu 1993).
Effects of a community health worker delivered intervention on maternal depressive symptoms in rural Tanzania
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Yousafzai Aisha K , Asheri Geofrey , Masanja Honorati , Sudfeld Christopher R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Maternal depression affects one in four women in sub-Saharan Africa, yet evidence on effective and scalable interventions is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a community health worker (CHW) delivered home visit responsive stimulation, health and nutrition intervention, and conditional cash transfers (CCTs) for antenatal care and child growth monitoring attendance on maternal depressive symptoms. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 12 villages in rural Ifakara, Tanzania (September 2017 to May 2019). Study villages were randomly assigned to one of three arms: (1) CHW, (2) CHW + CCT and (3) Control. Pregnant women and mothers with a child &lt;12 months were enrolled. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using a Tanzanian-adapted version of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) after 18 months of follow-up. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate intervention effects on HSCL-25 scores. Results showed that the CHW intervention significantly reduced HSCL-25 scores as compared with control [unadjusted mean difference (MD) −0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.47, −0.15]. The CHW + CCT intervention also appeared to lower HSCL-25 scores (MD −0.17, 95% CI −0.33, −0.01), but results were not statistically significant. Our findings showed that a low-intensity CHW-delivered home visit responsive stimulation, health and nutrition intervention, which did not explicitly aim to improve mental health, reduced maternal depressive symptoms, though the precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. CCTs for antenatal care and child growth monitoring appeared to provide limited to no additional benefit. Community-based integrated interventions that broadly consider maternal and child health, development and well-being have the potential to promote maternal mental health in rural Tanzania and similar settings.
Lidocaine activates autophagy of astrocytes and ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Yuan Jiaqi , Fei Yue 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lidocaine is a commonly used drug to alleviate neuropathic pain (NP). This work aims to investigate the mechanism of lidocaine in alleviating NP. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats were established by surgery to induce NP. We observed the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the LC3/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells. Rat astrocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce CCI, and then treated with lidocaine or 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor). CCK-8 was performed to detect cell proliferation. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the level of protein and inflammatory factor. CCI rats exhibited a decrease of MWT and TWL, which was effectively abolished by lidocaine. Lidocaine enhanced the number of LC3/GFAP-positive cells in CCI rats. Moreover, lidocaine inhibited the expression of GFAP and p62, and enhanced LC3-II/LC3-I expression in the LPS-treated astrocytes. Lidocaine inhibited the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in the LPS-treated astrocytes. The influence conferred by lidocaine was effectively abolished by 3-MA. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that lidocaine activates autophagy of astrocytes and ameliorates CCI-induced NP. Thus, our study provides a further experimental basis for the mechanism of lidocaine to alleviate NP.