bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototypical Simulation of an Optical Edge Filter Design for Three Different Rayleigh Wavelengths Using Octave Software
Authors: Bello A. M. , Dahuwa D. , Mustapha A. M. , Muhammad Z. 
Published: September 2020

Optical filters used specifically for special functions to block a particular wavelength or range of wavelength and transmit the rest of the spectrum have received research attention for the past few eras. Recently, optical filter based on multilayer coating are more focused due to potential to manipulate filter properties by changing layer thickness in order to apply in various fields. This Quarter wave stack (QWS) model design is one of the approaches to design optical filter such as edge filter. However, to obtain desire minimum specification need an optimization. Therefore, in this study aims to design optical edge filter based QWS model by optical matrix method in Octave software. In this design, MoS2 and Si are being choose for high (H) and low (L) refractive index materials respectively. The optimum twenty-four (24) number of layers are determined by calculating maximum transmittance obtained. The Rayleigh wavelength ( λex ) of 405 nm ,532 nm and 633 nm are selected and ‘glass|12HL|air’ configuration is set for the design simulation. Then, the cut-on wavelength (λcut-on) and cut-off wavelength ((λcut-off) of successful designed optical edge filter are measured. The result shows that the cut-on wavelength of 408.11 nm, 536 nm and 640.25 nm with minimum effective transmission (MET) of 32.3%, 31.3% and 32% respectively are obtained. In conclusion, this present study shows the deviation between the calculated value and simulation of about 0.2 nm,1.7 nm and 1.15 nm for each λex of 405 nm, 532 nm and 633 nm is determined. But for λcut-off, the value obtained are much higher than the calculated value. The MET of each filter is 32.3% ,31.3% and 32% for Rayleigh wavelength respectively.
Studying Yield and Water Productivity of Maize at Enhanced Level of Temperature Using DSSAT 4.7.5
Authors: Lone B. A. , Fayaz A. , Qayoom S. , Dar N. A. , Dar Z. A. , Singh P. , Kumar S. , Rasool Faisal , Andrabi Najmah , Mushtaq Nighat 
Published: September 2020

Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is unquestionably are highly dependent on weather conditions, any weather aberrations cause atmospheric and other forms of stress and in turn, will increase the vulnerability of these farmers to economic losses. Process-based models use simplified functions to express the interactions between crop growth and the major environmental factors that affect crops (i.e., climate, soils, and management), and many have been used in climate impact assessments. The climatic scenario from A1B scenario 2011-2090 extracted from PRECIS run shows that overall maximum and minimum temperature increase by 5.39°C (±1.76) and 5.08°C (±1.37). A decrease of about 20 quintals was recorded when maximum temperature was enhanced by +4°C and about 10 quintals decreased at +2°C. Enhancement of minimum temperature by +3°C shows a decrease of about 16 quintals in tops weight. Combination of both minimum and maximum temperature remarkably decreased grain yield at (maximum & minimum +2°C) up to 25.41%. Max. temperature lead to staggering in the irrigation water productivity, however, a consistant increase in the irrigation water productivity was realised with an increase in minimum temperature. Dry matter productivity of 50 kg DM /ha/mm [ET] was observed with the increase of 1°C in both Max. and Min. temperatures and the lowest value of (16.7 kg DM /ha/mm[ET]) was recorded when the crop is supposed to grow at enhanced level maximum temperature by +4°C both maximum and minimum temperature. Increase in the both max and minimum temperature by +1°C lead to maximum irrigation water productivity of 22.4 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) and the lowest irrigation water productivity of 16.7 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) was registerd when both max. as well as min. temp. was raised by +4°C minimum temperature.
Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disorders in a Cohort of Clinically Stable Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Eastern Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ezeude Chidiebele M. , Ijoma Uchenna N. , Oguejiofor Ogonna C. , Young Ekenechukwu E. , Nwatu Chidinma B. , Onyenekwe Belonwu M. , Ugwueze Chidiebere V. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are commonly referred to as cardiovascular disorders (CVD) due to a common underlying pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are more common in diabetic patients. This study was carried out to determine the pattern and associated factors of CAD and PAD in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South east Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty stable adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited consecutively from two out-patient clinics in two tertiary hospitals in South east Nigeria at Nnewi and Enugu. They were assessed for risk factors for CVD including hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured using a hand-held doppler and they also had a 12 lead ECG. Results were analyzed using SPSS V23; p value of < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: There were 60 males and 60 females, with a mean age of 61.7(11.2) years and mean diabetes duration of 127.7(99.9) months. Dyslipidaemia was present in 73.3%, 70% had hypertension, PAD was present in 55.8%, while 16.5% had CAD. PAD was more common in those with higher BMI (p = 0.04), higher diastolic BP (p = 0.03) and higher mean arterial pressure (p = 0.03). On further multivariate stepwise regression analysis, there was no significant predictor of PAD. None of the clinical factors were associated with CAD.
Conclusion: PAD and CAD are common in patients with type2 DM even in the absence of symptoms. Obesity, high diastolic and high mean arterial pressure are more common in patients with PAD.
Role of Gene Polymorphism in TNF Alpha Expression and Outcome in Surgical Patients
Authors: Reddy E. Vimalakar , Suresh V. , Mohan Ram , Hassan Annie Q. , Prasad G. R. , Satyanarayana G. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: An acute phase response to tissue injury leads to release of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines. TNF alpha is an early pro inflammatory cytokine that released in SIRS and largely responsible for clinical manifestation of sepsis. The release of TNF alpha is influenced by messenger RNA transcription of TNF alpha gene. In patients with severe sepsis genomic polymorphism with in the TNF locus found to be associated with TNF alpha production and outcome.
Objectives: To evaluate genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene at c 850 t locus, influence on TNF alpha expression and on outcome.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at our institute between June 2007 to 2009 in 100 cases. Serum TNF alpha levels measured by using ELISA .TNF alpha polymorphism done at c850t locus in 100 patients and were compared with 70 controls who were normal subjects. By using MEDCALC software mean and standard deviations were calculated, continuous variables were compared using t-test. ROC curves were used to determine the predictive capability of the variables.
Results: The most common polymorphism observed was CT in 51 patients. The significant different TNF alpha level expression between the three groups were observed. Significant Tallele was observed in cases (100) when compared with controls (70), p= 0.0002.
Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene may play critical role in stress response and outcome of the patient but it needs to be validated in large number of population.
Career Guidance and Its Implications for Students’ Career Choices: The Case of Public Senior High Schools in Ghana
Authors: Ndoye Upoalkpajor Joshua-Luther 
Published: September 2020

As an individual goes through Senior High School education, s/he encounters situations which require them to take appropriate educational, vocational and social decisions. This highlights the need for guidance and counselling services in learning institutions. Its importance cannot be overstated. Research has shown that young people think about careers within the context of life more than in terms of qualifications and training. This study explored the knowledge of senior high school students in the Agona East district, about career counselling and how career guidance has been of benefit to them. The qualitative approach of descriptive survey using the purposive sampling technique was adopted. The data gathered was analysed using two main themes consisting of several sub-themes. It emerged from the study that for each occupation, different interests, abilities, personality traits and professional values are required. The findings also revealed that career counselling helps students to link what they learn to their interests, capacities, aspirations, and match these with existing opportunities. Going forward, the study recommends that schools assist students to identify their interests and make them aware of the importance of academic qualifications in making career choices. It further recommends to policy makers; especially the government of Ghana, to reinforce Guidance and Counselling programmes in senior high schools.
Analytic integrability for holographic duals with $$ J\overline{T} $$ deformations
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We probe warped BTZ ×S3 geometry with various string solitons and explore the classical integrability criteria of the associated phase space configurations using Kovacic’s algorithm. We consider consistent truncation of the parent sigma model into one dimension and obtain the corresponding normal variational equations (NVE). Two specific examples have been considered where the sigma model is reduced over the subspace of the full target space geometry. In both examples, NVEs are found to possess Liouvillian form of solutions which ensures the classical integrability of the associated phase space dynamics. We address similar issues for the finite temperature counterpart of the duality, where we analyse the classical phase space of the string soliton probing warped BTZ black string geometry. Our analysis reveals a clear compatibility between normal variational equations and the rules set by the Kovacic’s criteria. This ensures the classical integrability of the parent sigma model for the finite temperature extension of the duality conjecture.
Alpha cell regulation of beta cell function
Authors: Moede Tilo , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per-Olof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe islet of Langerhans is a complex endocrine micro-organ consisting of a multitude of endocrine and non-endocrine cell types. The two most abundant and prominent endocrine cell types, the beta and the alpha cells, are essential for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. While the beta cell produces insulin, the only blood glucose-lowering hormone of the body, the alpha cell releases glucagon, which elevates blood glucose. Under physiological conditions, these two cell types affect each other in a paracrine manner. While the release products of the beta cell inhibit alpha cell function, the alpha cell releases factors that are stimulatory for beta cell function and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research into the regulation of beta cell function by alpha cells, focusing on the effect of alpha cell-secreted factors, such as glucagon and acetylcholine. The consequences of differences in islet architecture between species on the interplay between alpha and beta cells is also discussed. Finally, we give a perspective on the possibility of using an in vivo imaging approach to study the interactions between human alpha and beta cells under in vivo conditions.
Metabolic and functional specialisations of the pancreatic beta cell: gene disallowance, mitochondrial metabolism and intercellular connectivity
Authors: Rutter Guy A. , Georgiadou Eleni , Martinez-Sanchez Aida , Pullen Timothy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll forms of diabetes mellitus involve the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells, with the former predominating in type 1 diabetes and the latter in type 2 diabetes. Deeper understanding of the coupling mechanisms that link glucose metabolism in these cells to the control of insulin secretion is therefore likely to be essential to develop new therapies. Beta cells display a remarkable metabolic specialisation, expressing high levels of metabolic sensing enzymes, including the glucose transporter GLUT2 (encoded by SLC2A2) and glucokinase (encoded by GCK). Genetic evidence flowing from both monogenic forms of diabetes and genome-wide association studies for the more common type 2 diabetes, supports the importance for normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of metabolic signalling via altered ATP generation, while also highlighting unsuspected roles for Zn2+ storage, intracellular lipid transfer and other processes. Intriguingly, genes involved in non-oxidative metabolic fates of the sugar, such as those for lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 ([MCT-1] SLC16A1), as well as the acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT7) and others, are selectively repressed (‘disallowed’) in beta cells. Furthermore, mutations in genes critical for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, such as TRL-CAG1–7 encoding tRNALeu, are linked to maternally inherited forms of diabetes. Correspondingly, impaired Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria, or collapse of a normally interconnected mitochondrial network, are associated with defective insulin secretion. Here, we suggest that altered mitochondrial metabolism may also impair beta cell–beta cell communication. Thus, we argue that defective oxidative glucose metabolism is central to beta cell failure in diabetes, acting both at the level of single beta cells and potentially across the whole islet to impair insulin secretion.
An atlas on risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a wide-angled Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify the causal risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We first conducted a review of meta-analyses and review articles to pinpoint possible risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Around 170 possible risk factors were identified of which 97 risk factors with available genetic instrumental variables were included in MR analyses. To reveal more risk factors that were not included in our MR analyses, we conducted a review of published MR studies of type 2 diabetes. For our MR analyses, we used summary-level data from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (74,124 type 2 diabetes cases and 824,006 controls of European ancestry). Potential causal associations were replicated using the FinnGen consortium (11,006 type 2 diabetes cases and 82,655 controls of European ancestry). The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main analysis. Multivariable MR analysis was used to assess whether the observed associations with type 2 diabetes were mediated by BMI. We used the Benjamini–Hochberg method that controls false discovery rate for multiple testing.

Results
We found evidence of causal associations between 34 exposures (19 risk factors and 15 protective factors) and type 2 diabetes. Insomnia was identified as a novel risk factor (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11, 1.23]). The other 18 risk factors were depression, systolic BP, smoking initiation, lifetime smoking, coffee (caffeine) consumption, plasma isoleucine, valine and leucine, liver alanine aminotransferase, childhood and adulthood BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat mass, resting heart rate, and four plasma fatty acids. The 15 exposures associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes were plasma alanine, HDL- and total cholesterol, age at menarche, testosterone levels, sex hormone binding globulin levels (adjusted for BMI), birthweight, adulthood height, lean body mass (for women), four plasma fatty acids, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and education years. Eight associations remained after adjustment for adulthood BMI. We additionally identified 21 suggestive risk factors (p < 0.05), such as alcohol consumption, breakfast skipping, daytime napping, short sleep, urinary sodium, and certain amino acids and inflammatory factors.

Conclusions/interpretation
The present study verified several previously reported risk factors and identified novel potential risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes should be considered from multiple perspectives on obesity, mental health, sleep quality, education level, birthweight and smoking.

Graphical abstract
Stress-induced alterations of social behavior are reversible by antagonism of steroid hormones in C57/BL6 mice
Authors: Gasser Benedikt Andreas , Kurz Johann , Senn Walter , Escher Genevieve , Mohaupt Markus Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVarious disturbances of social behavior, such as autism, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder, have been associated with an altered steroid hormone homeostasis and a dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. A link between steroid hormone antagonists and the treatment of stress-related conditions has been suggested. We evaluated the effects of stress induction on social behavior in the three chambers and its potential reversibility upon specific steroid hormone antagonism in mice. C57BL/6 mice were stressed twice daily for 8 days by chronic swim testing. Social behavior was evaluated by measuring, first, the preference for sociability and, second, the preference for social novelty in the three-chamber approach before and after the chronic swim test. The reversibility of behavior upon stress induction was analyzed after applying steroid hormone antagonists targeting glucocorticoids with etomidate, mineralocorticoids with potassium canrenoate, and androgens with cyproterone acetate and metformin. In the chronic swim test, increased floating time from 0.8 ± 0.2 min up to 4.8 ± 0.25 min was detected (p < 0.01). In the three-chamber approach, increased preference for sociability and decreased preference for social novelty was detected pre- versus post-stress induction. These alterations of social behavior were barely affected by etomidate and potassium canrenoate, whereas the two androgen antagonists metformin and cyproterone acetate restored social behavior even beyond baseline conditions. The alteration of social behavior was better reversed by the androgen as compared with the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid antagonists. This suggests that social behavior is primarily controlled by androgen rather than by glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid action. The stress-induced changes in preference for sociability are incompletely explained by steroid hormone action alone. As the best response was related to metformin, an effect via glucose levels might confound the results and should be subject to future research.
Washington units, semispecial units, and annihilation of class groups
Authors: Greither Cornelius , Kučera Radan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpecial units are a sort of predecessor of Euler systems, and they are mainly used to obtain annihilators for class groups. So one is interested in finding as many special units as possible (actually we use a technical generalization called “semispecial”). In this paper we show that in any abelian field having a real genus field in the narrow sense all Washington units are semispecial, and that a slightly weaker statement holds true for all abelian fields. The group of Washington units is very often larger than Sinnott’s group of cyclotomic units. In a companion paper we will show that in concrete families of abelian fields the group of Washington units is much larger than that of Sinnott units, by giving lower bounds on the index. Combining this with the present paper gives strong annihilation results.
Pressure-Enabled Drug Delivery Approach in the Pancreas with Retrograde Venous Infusion of Lipiodol with Ex Vivo Analysis
Authors: Arepally Aravind , Chomas James , Katz Steven C. , Jaroch David , Kolli K. Pallav , Prince Ethan , Liddell Robert P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the safety and feasibility of pancreatic retrograde venous infusion (PRVI) utilizing a microvalvular infusion system (MVI) to deliver ethiodized oil (lipiodol) by means of the Pressure-Enabled Drug Delivery (PEDD) approach.

Methods
Utilizing transhepatic access, mapping of the pancreatic body and head venous anatomy was performed in 10 swine. PEDD was performed by cannulation of veins in the head (n = 4) and body (n = 10) of the pancreas with a MVI (Surefire® Infusion System (SIS), Surefire Medical, Inc (DBA TriSalus™ Life Sciences)) followed by infusion with lipiodol. Sets of animals were killed either immediately (n = 8) or at 4 days post-PRVI (n = 2). All pancreata were harvested and studied with micro-CT and histology. We also performed three-dimensional volumetric/multiplanar imaging to assess the vascular distribution of lipiodol within the glands.

Results
A total of 14 pancreatic veins were successfully infused with an average of 1.7 (0.5–2.0) mL of lipiodol. No notable change in serum chemistries was seen at 4 days. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of lipiodol deposition was statistically increased both within the organ in target relative to non-target pancreatic tissue and compared to extra pancreatic tissue (p < 0.05). Histological evaluation demonstrated no evidence of pancreatic edema or ischemia.

Conclusions
PEDD using the RVI approach for targeted pancreatic infusions is technically feasible and did not result in organ damage in this pilot animal study.