bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pulp oil by spray drying
Authors: Xu Sining , Tang Zhishu , Liu Hongbo , Wang Mei , Sun Jing , Song Zhongxing , Cui Chunli , Sun Chen , Liu Shijun , Wang Zheng , Yu Jingao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to encapsulate sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pulp oil (SBPO) by spray drying. Gum Arabic (GA) and maltodextrins (MD) were used as wall materials. The effects of several factors, including GA to MD ratio, total solids content of emulsion, wall to core ratio, and inlet air temperature, on the microencapsulation efficiency (ME) were investigated. The optimization of operation conditions was realized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were as follows: GA to MD ratio 2.38, total solids content 39%, wall to core ratio 5.33, and inlet air temperature 154°C. Under the optimal conditions, the ME of SBPO microcapsules was 94.96 ± 1.42%. The physicochemical properties of microcapsules were also invested. SBPO microcapsules obtained had low water activity, low moisture content, high water solubility, and high bulk density. For the morphological characteristics, cracks and pores were not observed in most microcapsules, which was beneficial for the protection of ingredients in microcapsules. The particle size of SBPO microcapsules ranged from 0.01 to 5 μm, and the mean diameter d4,3 was 2.55 μm. The analysis results of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) informed the presence of SBPO in microcapsules. There were no significant differences in the content of the main fatty acids in SBPO before and after spray drying. The results of oxidative stability showed that the microencapsulation by spray drying could effectively protect SBPO from oxidation and extend the shelf life of SBPO.
Preconditioners for Krylov subspace methods: An overview
Authors: Pearson John W. , Pestana Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen simulating a mechanism from science or engineering, or an industrial process, one is frequently required to construct a mathematical model, and then resolve this model numerically. If accurate numerical solutions are necessary or desirable, this can involve solving large‐scale systems of equations. One major class of solution methods is that of preconditioned iterative methods, involving preconditioners which are computationally cheap to apply while also capturing information contained in the linear system. In this article, we give a short survey of the field of preconditioning. We introduce a range of preconditioners for partial differential equations, followed by optimization problems, before discussing preconditioners constructed with less standard objectives in mind.
The roles of depression and social relationships in the onset and course of loneliness amongst Nigerian elders
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Bello Toyin , Gureje Oye 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesFew studies in Africa have investigated the risk profile and course of loneliness in old age. This study examined the risk factors for onset and chronicity, as well as the predictors of recovery from loneliness in a large representative sample of community dwelling older Africans.Methods/DesignA household multistage probability sample of Nigerians who were 65 years or older was drawn from a geographical area with approximately 25 million population. Loneliness was measured using the 3‐item University of California (UCLA) scale in 2007 and annually in 2008 and 2009. Social engagement, social network, and depression were evaluated using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Respondents were also administered the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore for risk factors. Estimates of adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for recovery were derived with the discrete time version of the Cox regression model for time invariant explanatory variables.ResultsOf 1704 respondents, 1525 were free of loneliness, using the UCLA scale, in 2007. A total of 209 (18.8%) persons developed new onset of loneliness in 2008 and 2009. Depression (O.R = 2.9, 95% C.I = 1.3–6.7), unmarried status (OR = 2.1, 95% C.I = 1.2–3.9) and social isolation (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.2) independently predicted loneliness onset. Baseline demographic, health, social, and lifestyle factors were not associated with a chronic course of loneliness. The overall recovery rate estimated over two years was 89.5% (95% CI = 75.3–106.4). Being male (HR = 1.3, 95% C.I = 1.0–1.6), ≥80 years (HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.8) and having good social engagement at baseline (HR = 1.5, 95% C. = 1.1–2.0) independently predicted recovery from loneliness.ConclusionsOver a 2‐year period, nearly one in five community‐dwelling Africans developed new onset loneliness in old age, with a similar proportion having a chronic course of the emotional experience. While depression and indices of social isolation at baseline were associated with onset, good social engagement predicted recovery from loneliness.
Bank corporate governance in Australia: Is there a conflict between the existing corporate culture and the Anglo‐Saxon model of corporate governance?
Authors: Outa Erick Rading , Kutubi Shawgat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article identifies bank governance deficit as a contributor to the misconduct identified in the recent Banking Royal Commission into misconduct in banks, superannuation, and financial services in Australia. Literature review has been conducted to identify the key issues of theory, frameworks, sources of corporate governance (CG), CG models, board skills, and age as factors in CG. The analysis finds that some of the governance requirements are well in place in Australia, the apparent failure of CG not being able to constrain misconduct in banks remains a puzzle. We question whether Anglo‐Saxon model of short‐termism has permeated bank organization culture beyond fixation. We suggest various opportunities for further research to try to narrow the gap between governance deficit and conduct in the banking sector.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Analyses to Guide Dosing of Icatibant in Pediatric Patients With Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Wang Yi , Jomphe Claudia , Marier Jean‐Francois , Martin Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElevated bradykinin levels are responsible for the development of clinical symptoms in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Icatibant is a bradykinin type 2 receptor antagonist indicated for the acute treatment of HAE attacks. A population modeling and simulation approach was used to examine sources of variability impacting icatibant pharmacokinetics (PK) and provide guidance on icatibant dosing in pediatric patients with HAE. An exposure‐response analysis was performed for the time to onset of symptom relief (TOSR). Data from 141 adults (133 healthy, 8 with HAE) who received subcutaneous icatibant 30 mg and 31 pediatric patients with HAE who received 0.4 mg/kg (capped at 30 mg) were included in the analysis. Icatibant PK was described by a 2‐compartment model with linear elimination. Complete absorption of icatibant was expected within 1 hour of dosing. The apparent clearance and central volume of distribution were 15.4 L/h and 20.4 L, respectively. Icatibant PK was mainly dependent on body weight. The mean TOSR was very short (1.38 hours). A flat exposure‐response was observed, confirming that the relationship plateaued at the level of exposure observed in pediatric patients. Simulations confirmed that weight band–based dosing regimens (10 mg [12‐25 kg], 15 mg [26‐40 kg], 20 mg [41‐50 kg], 25 mg [51‐65 kg], and 30 mg [>65 kg]) resulted in exposure similar to the 0.4‐mg/kg dose. This analysis showed that icatibant undergoes rapid absorption, reaches levels required for therapeutic response, and promptly relieves HAE symptoms. A weight band–based dosing regimen is appropriate in pediatric patients with HAE.
Curricular and clinical approaches to addressing the opioid epidemic: Results from the 2019 ADEA opioid dental school survey
Authors: Escontrías Omar A. , Istrate Emilia , Stewart Denice C.L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose/objectivesDental educators have played a critical role in addressing the opioid public health crisis.MethodsThe American Dental Education Association (ADEA) conducted a semi‐structured survey with all 66 accredited U.S. dental schools in 2019. The survey was organized into four modules to facilitate response and descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analyses were performed.ResultsSeventy percent of the dental schools consented to participate. Each module varied in response rate: curricular (Module 1, 48%), clinical (Module 2, 47%), implemented curricular/clinical changes (Module 3, 56%), and willingness to participate in future studies (Module 4, 47%). The survey revealed that 87% of respondent dental schools have implemented curricular changes or curricular changes were in process in response to the opioid epidemic. Ninety‐three percent of responding schools reported making clinical changes or that clinical changes were in process. Schools reported two factors that most frequently influence changes made: the adoption of state‐specific regulations/mandates and the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) Standard 2‐24e, which requires competency in prescription practices on substance use disorders. An analysis of the open‐ended questions found four overarching themes to curricular changes, in order of frequency: didactic curriculum; integration of opioid epidemic subject matter experts in curricula; Screening, Brief, Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) training; and prescription guidelines. Similarly, four overarching themes were identified for clinical changes: protocol and policy development, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMP), faculty and provider education, and prescription guidelines.ConclusionsThis research shows that dental educators are working to ensure that new dental professionals gain the necessary competencies in substance abuse, specifically related to opioids, to prevent and minimize prescription drug misuse.
Flexibility of triangle‐free planar graphs
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Masařík Tomáš , Musílek Jan , Pangrác Ondřej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet be a planar graph with a list assignment . Suppose a preferred color is given for some of the vertices. We prove that if is triangle‐free and all lists have size at least four, then there exists an ‐coloring respecting at least a constant fraction of the preferences.
At the Bedside: Profiling and treating patients with CXCR4-expressing cancers
Authors: Martin Miguel , Mayer Ingrid A , Walenkamp Annemiek M E , Lapa Constantin , Andreeff Michael , Bobirca Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine 12, are key mediators of hematopoietic cell trafficking. Their roles in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, induction of angiogenesis, and invasive tumor growth have been recognized for over 2 decades. CXCR4 is a promising target for imaging and therapy of both hematologic and solid tumors. To date, Sanofi Genzyme’s plerixafor is the only marketed CXCR4 inhibitor (i.e., Food and Drug Administration-approved in 2008 for stem cell mobilization). However, several new CXCR4 inhibitors are now being investigated as potential therapies for a variety of fluid and solid tumors. These small molecules, peptides, and Abs include balixafortide (POL6326, Polyphor), mavorixafor (X4P-001, X4 Pharmaceuticals), motixafortide (BL-8040, BioLineRx), LY2510924 (Eli Lilly), and ulocuplumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb). Early clinical evidence has been encouraging, for example, with motixafortide and balixafortide, and the CXCR4 inhibitors appear to be generally safe and well tolerated. Molecular imaging is increasingly being used for effective patient selection before, or early during CXCR4 inhibitor treatment. The use of radiolabeled theranostics that combine diagnostics and therapeutics is an additional intriguing approach. The current status and future directions for radioimaging and treating patients with CXCR4-expressing hematologic and solid malignancies are reviewed. See related review - At the Bench: Pre-Clinical Evidence for Multiple Functions of CXCR4 in Cancer. J. Leukoc. Biol. xx: xx–xx; 2020.
The impact of Indian Ocean dipole on tropical Indian Ocean surface wave heights in ERA5 and CMIP5 models
Authors: Srinivas Gangiredla , Remya P. G. , Kumar B. Praveen , Modi Anuradha , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study examines the relationship between the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) significant wave height (SWH) and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) during boreal summer season (June through August) in the latest version of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) and wave simulations forced with surface winds and sea‐ice fields from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version‐5 (CMIP5) models. The interannual variability of SWH shows a significant negative correlation with the IOD over TIO. SWH anomalies display meridional tripole pattern with significant negative (positive) anomalies over eastern equatorial Indian Ocean caused by anomalous easterlies (westerlies), and positive (negative) anomalies over southeastern TIO and the north Bay of Bengal during positive (negative) phase of IOD. The strong wave heights along the east coast of India during positive IOD and the south and southwest coast of India during negative IOD are noticed. CMIP5 models GFDL‐CM3, MRI‐CGCM3 and the multi‐model mean display considerable skill in capturing these teleconnections with substantial magnitude differences. A thorough understanding of the teleconnections between IOD and TIO wave heights is a significant prerequisite for the accurate forecast of surface waves in the Indian Ocean. Hence, this study advocates the importance evaluating the ability of models in representing the SWH and IOD interactions and its implications on Indian coastal regions in the form of inundation, coastal flooding and other vulnerabilities in a changing climate scenario.
Exclusion of Suicidal Participants From Randomized Controlled Trials for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Brooks Emily , Spokas Megan , Goldschmidt Deborah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been a lack of consensus regarding whether to include or exclude participants with suicidal ideation (SI) from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychotherapy clinical trials and, until recently, how best to report adverse events related to suicide risk. Without consistent reporting or evaluation of SI as an outcome, clinical practice guidelines are limited in their ability to recommend interventions for this common co‐occurrence. In the present meta‐analysis, we compared randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PTSD psychotherapies, based on their suicide exclusion criteria. The databases PILOTS, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched for RCTs of psychotherapy that lasted more than 4 weeks and included adults who met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Included studies (N = 48) were coded by two independent reviewers. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes for trials that excluded (n = 31) and did not exclude SI (n = 17). A test statistic for the significance of effect revealed that the difference between these two groups’ effect sizes was not significant, z = 0.96, p = .341. This suggests that the effects observed in clinical trials are not significantly impacted by SI‐related exclusion criteria.
Machine Learning and Digital Twin Driven Diagnostics and Prognostics of Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ibrahim Mesfin Seid , Fan Jiajie , Yung Winco K. C. , Prisacaru Alexandru , van Driel Willem , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are among the key innovations that have revolutionized the lighting industry, due to their versatility in applications, higher reliability, longer lifetime, and higher efficiency compared with other light sources. The demand for increased lifetime and higher reliability has attracted a significant number of research studies on the prognostics and lifetime estimation of LEDs, ranging from the traditional failure data analysis to the latest degradation modeling and machine learning based approaches over the past couple of years. However, there is a lack of reviews that systematically address the currently evolving machine learning algorithms and methods for fault detection, diagnostics, and lifetime prediction of LEDs. To address those deficiencies, a review on the diagnostic and prognostic methods and algorithms based on machine learning that helps to improve system performance, reliability, and lifetime assessment of LEDs is provided. The fundamental principles, pros and cons of methods including artificial neural networks, principal component analysis, hidden Markov models, support vector machines, and Bayesian networks are presented. Finally, discussion on the prospects of the machine learning implementation from LED packages, components to system level reliability analysis, potential challenges and opportunities, and the future digital twin technology for LEDs lifetime analysis is provided.
Fear Of Missing Out Scale: A self‐concept perspective
Authors: Zhang Zhuofan , Jiménez Fernando R. , Cicala John E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFear of missing out (FOMO) is an emerging topic in consumer psychology. However, the theoretical foundations of FOMO are underdeveloped and extant FOMO scales confine the construct to the context of social media. Without a theoretical foundation and a new FOMO scale, the future development of research on this promising phenomenon is limited. This article provides a new conceptualization of FOMO and a new FOMO scale. Using self‐concept theory, the authors propose that FOMO is an emotional response to perceived psychological threats to one's self‐concept. Because the self‐concept involves a private and a public self, FOMO involves two dimensions: a personal FOMO and a social FOMO. Accordingly, a new scale was developed. The results of four studies support the validity and reliability of the two‐dimensional scale. This new conceptualization and scale will enable consumer researchers to examine FOMO in a broader set of contexts, test the relationship between FOMO and related constructs, and develop a nomological network around the construct.
Isomeric Effect of Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors with High Crystallinity to Achieve Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Qian , Liu Yikun , Liao Xunfan , Cui Yongjie , Huang Shaorong , Hu Lei , He Qiannan , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo highly crystalline polymer donors (PBTz4T2C‐a, PBTz4T2C‐b) with isomers (4T2C‐a, 4T2C‐b) are synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells. The developed polymers possess proper energy levels and complementary absorption with an efficient electron acceptor IT2F. It is interesting that the photophysical properties, crystallinity, and active layer morphology characteristic can be significantly changed by just slightly regulating the substitution position of the carboxylate groups. A series of simulation calculations of the two isomers are conducted in the geometry and electronic properties to explore the difference induced by the position adjustment of carboxylate groups. The results decipher that 4T2C‐b moiety features much stronger intramolecular noncovalent S⋯O interactions compared to that of 4T2C‐a, implying a higher coplanarity and much stronger crystallinity, and leading to excessive phase separation in PBTz4T2C‐b:IT2F blend film. In contrast, PBTz4T2C‐a with 4T2C‐a moiety exhibits suitable crystallinity with a lower the highest occupied molecular orbital level, higher film absorption coefficient, and charge mobilities, resulting in a much higher power conversion efficiency of 11.02%. This research demonstrates that the molecular conformation is of great importance to be considered for developing high‐performance polymer donors.
Serotonergic System Impacts Levodopa Response in Early Parkinson's and Future Risk of Dyskinesia
Authors: Fu Jessie F. , Matarazzo Michele , McKenzie Jessamyn , Neilson Nicole , Vafai Nasim , Dinelle Katie , Felicio Andre C. , McKeown Martin J. , Stoessl A. Jon , Sossi Vesna 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe serotonergic system is known to contribute to levodopa‐derived dopamine release in advanced Parkinson's disease.ObjectiveWe investigated the role of the serotonergic system in determining response to treatment in early disease and risk for complications concurrently with dopaminergic alterations.MethodsEighteen patients with early and stable Parkinson's disease underwent multitracer positron emission tomography using [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (vesicular monoamine transporter 2 marker), [11C]methylphenidate (dopamine transporter marker), [11C]‐3‐amino‐4‐(2‐dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)‐benzonitrile (DASB, serotonin transporter marker), and [11C]raclopride (D2 marker) to investigate relationships between striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic alterations and levodopa‐induced dopamine release, related to motor response to treatment and risk for dyskinesias, using a novel joint pattern analysis.ResultsThe joint pattern analysis revealed correlated spatial patterns conceptually related to abnormal dopamine turnover in the putamen (higher dopamine release associated with dopaminergic and serotonergic denervation); response to treatment significantly inversely correlated with turnover‐related dopamine release (P < 10−5). Patterns identified without inclusion of the DASB data showed no correlation with clinical data, indicating an important contribution from the serotonergic system to a clinically relevant abnormal dopamine release in early disease. Subjects who experienced dyskinesia 3 years after baseline scans showed higher turnover‐related dopamine release compared with subjects who remained stable (P < 0.01).ConclusionsJoint analysis of dopaminergic and serotonergic data identified a turnover‐related dopamine release component, strongly related to motor response to levodopa in early disease and contributing to higher risk for dyskinesia. These findings suggest that the contribution of the serotonergic system to dopamine release not only increases the risk for motor complications but also fails to provide sustained therapeutic advantage in early disease. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Low synchronization Gram–Schmidt and generalized minimal residual algorithms
Authors: Świrydowicz Katarzyna , Langou Julien , Ananthan Shreyas , Yang Ulrike , Thomas Stephen 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe Gram–Schmidt process uses orthogonal projection to construct the A = QR factorization of a matrix. When Q has linearly independent columns, the operator P = I − Q(QTQ)−1QT defines an orthogonal projection onto Q⊥. In finite precision, Q loses orthogonality as the factorization progresses. A family of approximate projections is derived with the form P = I − QTQT, with correction matrix T. When T = (QTQ)−1, and T is triangular, it is postulated that the best achievable orthogonality is . We present new variants of modified (MGS) and classical Gram–Schmidt algorithms that require one global reduction step. An interesting form of the projector leads to a compact WY representation for MGS. In particular, the inverse compact WY MGS algorithm is equivalent to a lower triangular solve. Our main contribution is to introduce a backward normalization lag into the compact WY representation, resulting in a stable Generalized Minimal Residual Method (GMRES) algorithm that requires only one global reduce per iteration. Further improvements in performance are achieved by accelerating GMRES on GPUs.