bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can employees adapt to change? Clarifying the adaptive performance concepts
Authors: Park Sohee , Park Sunyoung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal and technological environments have rapidly become dynamic, ambiguous, and complex. Thus, it is critical for organizations to develop employees who are capable of working effectively within the context of these changes. As such, scholars and practitioners have discussed the importance of employees' attributes to help them adapt to change. However, the literature has used several terms to discuss these attributes. The purpose of this study is to investigate, compare, and clarify six concepts (adaptive performance, proactivity, resilience, role flexibility, learning agility, and workforce agility) related to employees' ability to adapt to new and changing situations in organizations. Based on our analytic framework with three categories, awareness, process, and direction/outcome, we found that all six concepts have a change orientation. The different emphases of the six concepts are elaborated, followed by discussion, implications, and recommendations.
Thermal and rheological effects in a classical Graetz problem using a nonlinear Robertson‐Stiff fluid model
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waris Saeed , Ali Nasir , Asghar Zeeshan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present article elaborates the Graetz problem for the Robertson‐Stiff fluid model with imposed iso‐thermal conditions. The closed‐form expression of Robertson‐Stiff fluid velocity is obtained. Employing the classical separation of variables approach, the energy equation of the said problem is reduced into an eigenvalue problem. The solution of the eigenvalue problem is developed numerically via the MATLAB built‐in algorithm BVP4C. The constants appearing in series solutions are computed by Simpson's rule. The special case of this analysis with appropriate scaling is also applicable for the Bingham, power‐law, and Newtonian fluid models. The impact of the dissipation function on Nusselt numbers and mean temperature is also considered. The pictorial representation of average temp7erature and Nusselt number are discussed in the presence of the plug radius, power‐law index, and Brinkman number. It is observed that the presence of the plug radius and power‐law index delay the prevalence of fully developed conditions for the Nusselt number. Moreover, the local Nusselt number for channel confinement attains higher values as compared with tube confinement. The present investigation has numerous applications in the field of engineering, nanotechnology, biomedical sciences, and development of several thermal types of equipment or microfluidic devices.
Dimensional stability of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber
Authors: Guo X. , Zhu Z. , Wang J. , Lin Y. , Chen G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFiber reinforced materials have been widely used in the different fields in terms of their excellent properties. In this work, glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber was in focus, and special attention was given to its dimensional stability with respective of different layers (0, 1, 2, 3) and mass fraction (1.5 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%) of glass fiber mesh. The experimental results showed that the glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber with 2 layers and 6.0 % mass fraction of glass fiber mesh has the greatest dimensional stability and energy efficiency ratio. It is proposed to be adopted in the industrial processing of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber to improve its application and production benefit.
Telecommunications network design: Technology impacts and future directions
Authors: Wong Richard T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the past 50 years telecommunication network technology has raced ahead powered by exponential advances in computer chip and fiber optic technology. The introduction of packet‐switched networks and the Internet has increased network traffic demands exponentially and has nurtured a variety of new telecommunication services (e.g., email, web‐surfing, social media, streaming services, e‐commerce, the Internet of Things, etc.) over the past 30 years. This rapidly changing environment (along with certain technical considerations) has made it very difficult to give accurate forecasts of traffic demands for both the short‐term (intraday) and for the longer term (year‐to‐year). Telecommunications network design has evolved from the voice‐only networks of the 1970s where operations research (OR) methodology was indispensable to current multiservice packet‐switched data networks whose uncertainty and rapid evolution has reduced the utility of classical optimization models that rely on accurate traffic demand forecasts. After summarizing the major developments in telecommunications network design technologies/services, we describe some promising future research directions to address an environment where technology is ever‐changing and traffic forecasting is difficult. In particular, we focus on the public Internet and emphasize possible work where OR/optimization methodology may be useful in understanding and solving telecommunications network routing and design problems.
Diverse presentation and tailored treatment of infantile myofibromatosis: A single‐center experience
Authors: Manisterski Michal , Benish Marganit , Levin Dror , Shiran Shelly I. , Sher Osnat , Gortzak Yair , Elhasid Ronit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a rare benign fibrous tumor with diverse clinical presentations and treatments, such as watchful waiting, surgical excision, and low‐dose chemotherapy.ProcedureClinical presentation and tailored treatment of five infants with solitary and generalized IM are described, together with a review of the literature.ResultsThree patients underwent total‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at diagnosis and during follow up, which revealed disease extension that aided in designing treatment. Visceral involvement included central nervous system, cardiac, gastrointestinal, muscle, bone, and subcutaneous tissue lesions. The patient with the solitary form of IM was followed up without treatment and had spontaneous improvement. Patients with the multicentric form received intravenous low‐dose methotrexate and vinblastine chemotherapy. One patient who received oral methotrexate due to cardiac involvement and unfeasible central line access had excellent results. Recurrence was successfully treated by the same methotrexate and vinblastine regimen as that administered at diagnosis.ConclusionsWe suggest screening all patients with one or more IM lesions by means of total body MRI due to its inherent superior soft tissue resolution. Total‐body MRI may also be used for routine follow up. Oral methotrexate can be administered successfully in patients that lack central line access, and recurrent lesions can be treated with the same chemotherapeutic combination as that given at diagnosis. Long‐term follow up is needed, since recurrence could appear years after initial presentation of the disease.
Studies on conducting polymer intercalated layered double hydroxide nanocomposites: Antituberculosis drug delivery agents
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Singh Neetika , Verma Anurakshee , Aazam Elham S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) was carried out using different ratios of Mg:Al. The intercalation of polypyrrole (Ppy) within interlayer space of LDH was carried out via ultrasonication using different loadings of the conducting polymer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and XRD analysis showed successful intercalation of Ppy in LDH while UV‐visible spectra confirmed polaronic state of the conducting polymer within the LDH. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies showed successful incorporation of Ppy and loading of the drug was also established. The concentration of Rifampicin, an antituberculosis drug in LDH/Ppy, was confirmed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The in vitro release characteristics showed sustained release behaviour at pH 7.4 for a period of 180 hours. The nanocomposites exhibited immense potential for their application as Rifampicin drug carriers.
Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.)
Authors: Wright Derek M. , Neupane Sandesh , Heidecker Taryn , Haile Teketel A. , Chan Crystal , Coyne Clarice J. , McGee Rebecca J. , Udupa Sripada , Henkrar Fatima , Barilli Eleonora , Rubiales Diego , Gioia Tania , Logozzo Giuseppina , Marzario Stefania , Mehra Reena , Sarker Ashutosh , Dhakal Rajeev , Anwar Babul , Sarkar Debashish , Vandenberg Albert , Bett Kirstin E. 
Published: October 2020

Societal Impact StatementLentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick‐cooking, nutritious, plant‐based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers.SummaryLentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) is cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions, which has led to diverse phenological adaptations and resulted in a decrease in genetic variability within breeding programs due to reluctance in using genotypes from other environments.We phenotyped 324 genotypes across nine locations over three years to assess their phenological response to the environment of major lentil production regions and to predict days from sowing to flowering (DTF) using a photothermal model.DTF was highly influenced by the environment and is sufficient to explain adaptation. We were able to predict DTF reliably in most environments using a simple photothermal model, however, in certain site‐years, results suggest there may be additional environmental factors at play. Hierarchical clustering of principal components revealed the presence of eight groups based on the responses of DTF to contrasting environments. These groups are associated with the coefficients of the photothermal model and revealed differences in temperature and photoperiod sensitivity.Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperature and/or shifts in production areas. The ability to use the photothermal model to identify genotypes most likely to succeed in these new environments has important social impacts with respect to traditional cropping systems.
Broflanilide effectively controls Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua exhibiting diverse susceptibilities to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate
Authors: Tang Tao , Hu Fang , Wang Pei , Fu Wei , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), are two major polyphagous lepidopteran pests of cultivated crops. They develop various levels of resistance to many frequently applied broad‐spectrum insecticides. Here, the larval susceptibilities of a laboratory population and six field‐collected populations per pest from Hunan Province, China to three insecticides were determined using a standard leaf‐dipping method in the laboratory. Field‐plot trials were conducted to verify the control efficacies of broflanilide 100 g L−1 suspension concentrate (SC), chlorantraniliprole 5% SC and emamectin benzoate 5.7% water‐dispersible granule, against H. armigera and S. exigua larvae using foliar sprays in 2013 and 2019.RESULTSVariations among H. armigera and S. exigua field populations in their susceptibility levels to the three insecticides were observed in Linli, Yueyang and Changsha counties from 2013 to 2019. They were still high susceptibility to broflanilide only, but developed low and/or moderate levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate. In addition, broflanilide at 25 g ha−1 provided an excellent control efficacy of 81.92% to 96.46% against these pests during the 3–14‐days period after treatment in both years, whereas chlorantraniliprole at 50 g ha−1 and emamectin benzoate at 4.5 g ha−1 exhibited significantly decreased efficacies, which were consistent with their corresponding toxicity levels.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that broflanilide should be an important new tool for the effective control of diamide‐ and avermectin‐resistant H. armigera and S. exigua. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characteristics and Validity of an Instrument for Assessing Motivations for Online Reading to Learn
Authors: Forzani Elena , Leu Donald J. , Yujia Li Eva , Rhoads Christopher , Guthrie John T. , McCoach Betsy 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTMotivation for reading is important to comprehension and has been studied extensively in offline reading contexts. However, little is known about the role of motivation in online reading, a new and increasingly important context for reading, largely because of a lack of valid and reliable instruments to estimate a student’s motivation for online reading. The authors report on the development of the Motivations for Online Reading Questionnaire (MORQ) among 1,798 seventh‐grade students in two states. Results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed a three‐factor solution for the MORQ: curiosity/value, self‐efficacy, and self‐improvement beliefs. Additionally, measurement invariance across female and male students was established. Predictive validity of the MORQ was supported by the positive and significant contribution of the MORQ to the Online Research and Comprehension Assessment, an established measure of online reading comprehension. Results help establish the MORQ as a well‐validated instrument for measuring online reading motivation. Results are discussed in relation to theory, research, and practice.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Evaluation of Some Carbazole‐Based Thiazole, Thiophene, and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Bondock Samir , Nasr Tamer , Alqahtanti Salwa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn continuation to our efforts to discover new powerful antitumor agents, a series of new carbazole‐based thiazole, thiophene, and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives were conveniently synthesized, spectrally characterized, and mechanistically discussed. The synthetic strategy involves the cyclization reactions of two easily attainable commencing materials, N‐(9‐ethylcarbazol‐3‐yl)‐2‐cyanoacetamide (1) and 2‐((9‐ethylcarbazol‐3‐yl)hydrazono)‐3‐oxo‐N‐phenylbutanethioamide (20), with α‐chlorocarbonyl reagents, α‐chloronitrile, and hydrazonoyl chlorides in a basic medium. They were also assessed against three human tumor cell lines (HCT‐116, HepG‐2, and MCF‐7) and one non‐tumor human cell line (REP1) for their in vitro antitumor activity. The results demonstrated that seven carbazoles 4, 15 a, 15 b, 15 d, 20, 22 b, and 29 a had high antitumor activity, having IC50 values in the range 5.24–9.70 μM. The most potent carbazoles 15 b, 20 and 22 b inhibited the growth of all tested tumor cell lines and did not display human toxicity.
Carbon Dots Derived from Facile Tailoring of Shaerhu Lignite as a Novel Fluorescence Sensor with High‐Selectivity and Sensitivity for Cu2+ Detection
Authors: Shi Chong , Wei Xian‐Yong , Liu Fang‐Jing , Zong Zhi‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to find an appropriate method to produce fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) from a low‐rank coal, understand the fluorescence mechanism, and explore the application prospect of the FCDs. We reported a mild, green, and cheap top‐down strategy to make the FCDs by oxidizing Shaerhu lignite (SL) with H2O2, which could accelerate post‐processing and avoid the release of highly toxic gases. Our approach shows a great potential for the large‐scale production of FCDs using a lignite as the feedstock. SL‐derived FCDs (SLDFCDs) exhibit different emission modes, in which the short wavelength emission intensity was significantly enhanced by partial reduction. Evolution of the surface states and the analysis of electronic structure show that different fluorescence centers, domains and surface defects, and nanosized sp2 carbon could result in different emission characteristics of the SLDFCDs. The size of SLDFCDs also affects luminescence. The reduced SLDFCDs (RSLDFCDs) can be used as an efficient label‐free fluorescent sensing material to detect Cu(II) ions with a low detection limit of 2.0 nM, which shows their great potential as sensors in a complex real water environment. This study provides an alternative way of directional lignite utilization for fabricating carbon materials. We also found a better way out for lignite utilization, which could lead to the development of a low cost sensor using lignites as the precursor.
Probing into Bifunctional Luminomagnetic Upconverting Nanorods for External Magnetic Tracking Applications
Authors: Singh Satbir , Ghorai Biswajit , Kumar Yadav Pramod , Kumar Ghorai Uttam , Upadhyay Chandan , Gupta Bipin Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA strategy to synthesize a bi‐functional luminomagnetic Er3+/Yb3+‐doped NaGdF4 nanorods, using a facile base‐catalyzed hydrothermal method, is demonstrated. This luminomagnetic nanorods material is investigated for its structural/microstructural, optical, and magnetic properties to validate applications in the bio‐medical field. The as‐synthesized nanorods exhibit highly intense green emission peaking at 539 nm upon excitation with 980 nm wavelength using a diode laser. Further, the effect of 980 nm laser power on the emission spectrum of these Er3+/Yb3+‐doped NaGdF4 nanorods is investigated and a mechanism for the upconversion process is proposed. The CIE (French: International Commission on Illumination) coordinates at all the input laser powers lie in the close vicinity of x=0.28 and y=0.68 and thus suggest the color purity of the Er3+/Yb3+‐doped NaGdF4 nanorods. Moreover, these nanorods also exhibit strong paramagnetic behavior as confirmed by M−H and M−T measurements. We have also demonstrated the application of these nanorods for external magnetic field tracking applications. The cellular cytotoxicity analysis of the nanorods against the MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐10 A cell lines suggests their applicability in biomedical applications. Thus, the co‐existence of luminescence and magnetism in a single entity suggests its suitability as a bi‐functional nanoprobe in biological applications.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Monodisperse Phenothiazinevinylene‐Based Conjugated Oligomers
Authors: Qiu Xianping , Lu Ran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series of novel monodisperse, structurally well defined vinylene‐linked phenothiazine oligomers containing up to 7 phenothiazine units have been designed and synthesized by Heck reaction and McMurry reaction with a convergent approach. These conjugated oligomers showed a progressive bathochromic shift of the absorption maxima and high fluorescence quantum yields in solutions. Notably, the oligomers without strong donor and acceptor units exhibit two‐photon absorption properties, and the two‐photon absorption cross sections (δ) increase with the number of covalently linked phenothiazine units, and δ reaches up to 2071 GM for the one with 7 phenothiazine units at 800 nm. The oligomers might be used as models to study structure–property relationship for their corresponding polymers or applied in organic electronic materials.
In Vitro Electrochemical Behavior of Sol‐Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings on 316L SS for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sebastin Arul Xavier Stango , Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDevelopment of bioceramic coatings on the metallic implant surface with superior properties such as good bonding strength, better corrosion resistance and bioactivity was one of the key tasks for the present biomaterial scientists. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2) was one of the hopeful calcium phosphate‐based ceramic biomaterials which can be enforced as a layer on the metallic substrate due to its resemblance with the human bone in chemical composition. Current effort defines the in‐situ blending of HAP/graphene oxide composite by the sol‐gel process. The prepared HAP/GO composites were characterized using FT‐IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. A triple‐layered composite coating was attained at the spin speed of 3000 rpm/min further sintered at 600 °C for 2 hrs. In‐vitro corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings on 316 L SS implant were studied on simulated body fluid. The average crystallite size of the synthesized powders was reduced from 40.58 to 21.08 nm with the addition of graphene oxide, anti‐bacterial study for the HAP/GO composite powder competently inhibits the growth of pathogens. Electrochemical studies and adhesion studies showed increased corrosion resistance with superior bonding strength on 316 L SS surface, which results its use for long term biomedical applications.
The emerging scientific water paradigm: Precursors, hallmarks, and trajectories
Authors: Baird Julia , Plummer Ryan , Dale Gillian , Kapeller Brooke , Mallette Angela , Feist Alison , Kataoka Yuka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing scholarship has focused on a shift in scientific water paradigm in the 21st century from an understanding of water systems as stationary, predictable and command‐and‐control as appropriate governance to an understanding of them as complex, dynamic, and uncertain. This shift has been characterized in several ways. We focused on two prominent characterizations: as a “new water paradigm” and as “water resilience.” We identified the defining hallmarks of each, the “precursor” scholarship upon which these Defining Works build, and how the Defining Works have been advanced with “Subsequent Works” that cite them. We used bibliometric data to analyze the three bodies of literature and inductive coding to identify the hallmarks of the new water paradigm and water resilience from Defining Works. Four categories of hallmarks were identified that describe the emerging scientific water paradigm: complex adaptive systems orientation; governance and management configurations, which are inclusive, integrative, adaptive; governance and management actions that emphasize linkages between social and ecological systems and imperative of sustainability; and, attributes of diversity, redundancy and openness. There was insufficient evidence in fields of research, author country, and publishing journals to confirm that the emerging scientific water paradigm has been conceptualized in two distinct ways. Despite the degree of similarity between the two conceptualizations, the literature is strongly oriented toward one or the other. We suggest consilience between these two conceptualizations and scholars working with them to advance collective understanding of governance and management in light of our current understanding of water systems.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Human Water