bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary electrophoretic profiling of in‐bone tryptic digests of proteins as a potential tool for the detection of inflammatory states in oral surgery
Authors: Michalusová Iva , Sázelová Petra , Cejnar Pavel , Kučková Štěpánka , Hynek Radovan , Kašička Václav 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe commonly used histological assessment of pathological states of alveolar bone tissues in oral surgery needs laborious and time‐consuming processing by an experienced histologist. Therefore, a simpler and faster methodology is required in this field. Following this demand, this paper reports a straightforward approach using the tryptic cleavage of proteins directly in bone without its demineralization, followed by the capillary electrophoresis‐ultraviolet detection profiling of the yielded protein digest. Cleavage‐derived peptides were separated by capillary electrophoresis in acidic background electrolytes, pH 2.01–2.54. The best resolution of peptide fragments with the highest peak capacity was achieved in the background electrolyte composed of 55 mM H3PO4, 14 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan, pH 2.01. The differences in the obtained capillary electrophoresis‐ultraviolet detection profiles with characteristic patterns for particular bone samples were subsequently discriminated by linear discriminant analysis over principal components. This approach was first verified on porcine bone tissues as model samples; jawbone and calf bone tissues could be discriminated with an accuracy of 100%. Subsequently, the method was capable of differentiating unequivocally between human healthy and inflammatory alveolar bone tissues obtained from oral surgery. This procedure seems to be promising as complement or even an alternative to the traditional histological discrimination between healthy and inflammatory bone tissues in oral surgery.
Utility of Ultrasound as a Valid and Accurate Diagnostic Tool for Sarcopenia
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Gore Eleanor F. , Vadaszy Noemi , Nixon Daniel G. D. , Watson Emma L. , Smith Alice C. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have aberrant changes in body composition, including low skeletal muscle mass, a feature of “sarcopenia.” The measurement of the (quadriceps) rectus femoris (RF) cross‐sectional area (CSA) is widely used as a marker of muscle size. Cutoff values are needed to help discriminate the condition of an individual's muscle (eg, presence of sarcopenia) quickly and accurately. This could help distinguish those at greater risk and aid in targeted treatment programs.MethodsTransverse images of the RF were obtained by B‐mode 2‐dimensional ultrasound imaging. Sarcopenic levels of muscle mass were defined by established criteria (1, appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]; 2, ASM/height2; and 3, ASM/body mass index) based on the ASM and total muscle mass measured by a bioelectrical impedance analysis. The discriminative power of RF‐CSA was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, and optimal cutoffs were determined by the maximum Youden index (J).ResultsOne hundred thirteen patients with CKD (mean age [SD], 62.0 [14.1] years; 48% male; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 38.0 [21.5] mL/min/1.73m2) were included. The RF‐CSA was a moderate predictor of ASM (R2 = 0.426; P < .001) and total muscle mass (R2 = 0.438; P < .001). With a maximum J of 0.47, in male patients, an RF‐CSA cutoff of less than 8.9 cm2 was deemed an appropriate cutoff for detecting sarcopenic muscle mass. In female patients, an RF‐CSA cutoff of less than 5.7 cm2 was calculated on the basis of ASM/height2 (J = 0.71).ConclusionsUltrasound may provide a low‐cost and simple means to diagnose sarcopenia in patients with CKD. This would allow for early management and timely intervention to help mitigate the effects in this group.
First‐Trimester Prognosis When an Early Gestational Sac is Seen on Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Doubilet Peter M. , Phillips Catherine H. , Durfee Sara M. , Benson Carol B. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the factors that jointly and independently affect first‐trimester outcome of very early intrauterine pregnancies (those whose sonogram shows a gestational sac with no identifiable yolk sac or embryo) and develop a mathematical model and Web‐based calculator that computes prognosis based on these factors.MethodsOur study population included 590 very early pregnancies scanned between January 1, 2012, and June 30, 2018, with known outcomes (live or spontaneous loss) at 14 weeks. We recorded patient age, mean sac diameter (MSD), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) rise, and presence/absence of: vaginal bleeding, history of infertility, prior miscarriage, and pregnancy via assisted reproductive technology. We assessed the correlation between each of these factors and outcome and performed stepwise logistic regression to determine the subset that independently correlated with outcome.ResultsPatient age, MSD, hCG rise, vaginal bleeding, history of infertility, and assisted reproductive technology pregnancy were significantly correlated with outcome (P < .05, t test for age and MSD, χ2 for the others). Stepwise logistic regression identified age, MSD, hCG rise, and vaginal bleeding as the subset of factors that independently predicted outcome. The regression model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.823. We incorporated the regression model into a Web‐based calculator (https://tinyurl.com/Prognosis-PD) that predicts the outcome of an early intrauterine pregnancy based on these 4 key variables.ConclusionsThe prognosis of very early intrauterine pregnancies is related to several clinical, biochemical, and sonographic factors. The factors that independently correlate with first‐trimester outcome are patient age, MSD, hCG rise, and vaginal bleeding. The logistic regression model predicts outcome based on these variables.
Prognostic role of human papilloma virus status in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marshall Deborah C. , Kao Derek D. , Bakst Richard , Sharma Sonam , Ferrandino Rocco , Rosenzweig Kenneth , Wisnivesky Juan , Sigel Keith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the prognostic role of human papilloma virus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well established, growing evidence shows that there may be a prognostic role for HPV status in hypopharyngeal SCC. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic role of HPV status in hypopharyngeal SCC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, population‐based analysis of 1934 adult patients with HNSCC diagnosed between 2010‐2016 and treated with a combination of surgery and/or radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, and a subset of 641 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC and known HPV status included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Head and Neck with HPV Status Database. Patient data were used to determine the adjusted 2‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort and the specific subgroup of hypopharyngeal cancer patients with known HPV status.ResultsOf the 1934 hypopharynx SCC cases, HPV status was unknown in 1294 (66.9%), and 167 (8.6%) were HPV positive; among hypopharynx cases with known HPV status, 21.6% were HPV positive. In models adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, marital status and stage, patients with HPV‐positive hypopharyngeal tumors had improved CSS compared with patients with HPV‐negative tumors (CSS: HR: .57, 95% CI = .38 to .86, P = .008; OS: HR: .49, 95% CI = .34 to .71, P = <.001).ConclusionOur findings in a large cohort of hypopharyngeal SCC with known HPV status and cancer‐specific survival support the hypothesis that HPV has a prognostic role in hypopharyngeal cancer. Consideration should be given to increased testing for HPV in hypopharyngeal SCC.Level of Evidence4
Does quality of research in otolaryngology correlate with academic impact?
Authors: Kazi Aasif A. , Vahidi Nima A. , Sinkovich John , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the quality of otolaryngology‐related journal articles correlates with traditional measures of article impact.MethodsAll articles published by Laryngoscope in 2011 were categorized according to level of evidence (LOE) according to the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine rubric. Articles without a level of evidence assigned were alphabetically subcategorized type with letters A‐D corresponding to Contemporary Reports, Case Reports, Basic Science or Animal Studies, and Other respectively. Citations per article were then recorded per article each year from 2012 to 2018.ResultsA total of 494 articles were included for analysis, 315 had numerical LOE and 179 had alphabetical LOE. There was a strong negative correlation between numerical LOE and median and interquartile number of citations (R = −.9014, P = .037). Overall, numerical LOE had a significantly higher median number of citations per article compared with the non‐number/alphabetical group (14 vs 6, P < .001).ConclusionsHigher quality research as determined by level of evidence is in fact being cited more frequently than lower quality articles. Although the scope of this study was relatively limited, these data suggest that better designed studies may exhibit greater impact by traditional measures. Such findings should serve as an impetus for (and validation of) continued pursuit of high LOE research.Level of EvidenceNA.
Preparation and Characterization of PHBV/PEO/AZ‐Gelatin Electrospun Mats with Photochemical Surface Modification: The Role of AZ‐Gelatin
Authors: Xu Yongjing , Lu Hongwei , Sun Chenkai , Zou Liming , Yin Hai , Li Wengang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs ideal tissue engineering scaffold, surface feature plays an important role in cell adhesion and proliferation. In order to improve cytocompatibility of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) synthetic materials, in this study, photochemical surface modification is applied in electrospinning field for the first time. Azidobenzoic acid‐modified gelatin (AZ‐gelatin) as bioactive protein is successfully fixed on PHBV/PEO electrospun mats by photochemical technique without any crosslinking agent. In vitro degradation and cell culture results show that PHBV/PEO/AZ‐gelatin electrospun mats have excellent cell adhesion and proliferation compared with PHBV and PHBV/PEO electrospun mats. But, by contrast with PHBV/PEO electrospun mats, the fiber diameter of PHBV/PEO/AZ‐gelatin mats increased, and the porosity and mechanical properties decrease. Nonetheless, PHBV/PEO/AZ‐gelatin‐0.01 mg mL−1 electrospun mats have shown better morphology (fiber diameter 600 nm, porosity 88%), mechanical properties (4.2 MPa), and water vapor transmission rate (2301 g m−2 day−1), which has great potential as artificial skin scaffold in tissue regeneration field.
Synthesis of Diels‐Alder Reaction‐Based Remendable Epoxy Matrix and Corresponding Self‐healing Efficiency to Fibrous Composites
Authors: Wu Pan , Liu Ling , Wu Zhanjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA Diels‐Alder (DA) thermo‐reversible compound consisting of a furan (FA) and a bismaleimide (BMI) is synthesized and grafted to a general low‐viscosity epoxy to prepare a self‐healable epoxy matrix system. Results prove that the synthesized epoxy can completely self‐heal its own cracks and the interlaminar shear cracks of a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) due to the dissociation and reassociation of DA thermo‐reversible covalent bonds under proper thermal excitations. Self‐healing efficiencies of 108.5% for the first healing and 130.5% for the second healing are obtained to the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) of the FRP. Moreover, the obtained first and second healing efficiencies of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) can also reach 105.8 and 102.4%, respectively. Most importantly, the obtained original mechanical properties, with GIIC of 0.82 kJ m−2 and ILSS of 41.6 MPa, of the FRP are much closer to those of traditional structural FRPs. Therefore, this study reveals that the synthesized epoxy system can be used to prepare structural FRPs possessing high self‐healing capability.
Freely Suspended Semiflexible Chains in a Strong Aligning Field: Simple Closed‐Form Solutions for the Small‐Angle Approximation
Authors: Kloza Philipp A. , Elliott James A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA worm‐like chain model for a single, freely suspended semiflexible macromolecule with an aligning field of arbitrary coupling order is presented. Using a small‐angle approximation and Ginzburg–Landau theory, exact closed‐form solutions of the model are derived in the regime of a strong aligning field in arbitrary dimensions. Expressions for the mean cosine of the chain alignment angle, orientational order parameters, and the two‐point correlation function are found. As a corollary, the persistence length is confirmed as a valid threshold for rigid behavior of the chain. The theoretical results are validated with Monte Carlo simulations in two and three dimensions. It is shown that the solutions for the small‐angle approximation are within of the simulated values for the exact model for chain‐field alignment angles θ ≲ 20°. As a practical application, the findings are applied to carbon nanotubes in an aligning electric field.
A novel large deletion of the CYLD gene causes CYLD cutaneous syndrome in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhu Ruizheng , Xu Jie , Shen Juan , Li Wenru , Tan Fei , Li Changchang , Wei Zhichen , Liu Yeqiang , Bai Yun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS; syn. Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by multiple adnexal skin tumors including cylindromas, spiradenomas, and trichoepitheliomas. More than 100 germline mutations of the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene have been reported in CCS and most of them are frameshift mutations or small alterations.MethodsWe identified a large, three‐generation Chinese family with CCS, which consisted of 18 living family members, including six affected individuals. To explore the molecular biology of this family, we carried out targeted next‐generation sequencing and Affymetrix CytoScan HD SNP array to analyze the mutation in the CYLD gene.ResultsA novel large deletion mutation, NC_000016.9:g.(50826498_50827517)_(50963389‐50967346)del was found in the proband of this family. This deletion results in the loss of a nearly 140 kb fragment of the CYLD gene, spanning exons 17 ~ 20, which represent the coding regions of the ubiquitin‐specific protease domain. Further quantitative polymerase chain reaction proved that all patients and two proband‐related family members carried this large deletion.ConclusionsOur study expands the types of mutations in CCS and will undoubtedly provide valuable information for genetic counseling for families affected by the condition.
RUN‐UP: Accelerated multishot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction using an unrolled network with U‐Net as priors
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Xu Yunyingying , Tian Qiyuan , Chen Feiyu , Shi Xinwei , Moran Catherine J. , Daniel Bruce L. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo accelerate and improve multishot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction using deep learning.MethodsAn unrolled pipeline containing recurrences of model‐based gradient updates and neural networks was introduced for accelerating multishot DWI reconstruction with shot‐to‐shot phase correction. The network was trained to predict results of jointly reconstructed multidirection data using single‐direction data as input. In vivo brain and breast experiments were performed for evaluation.ResultsThe proposed method achieves a reconstruction time of 0.1 second per image, over 100‐fold faster than a shot locally low‐rank reconstruction. The resultant image quality is comparable to the target from the joint reconstruction with a peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of 35.3 dB, a normalized root‐mean‐square error of 0.0177, and a structural similarity index of 0.944. The proposed method also improves upon the locally low‐rank reconstruction (2.9 dB higher peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, 29% lower normalized root‐mean‐square error, and 0.037 higher structural similarity index). With training data from the brain, this method also generalizes well to breast diffusion‐weighted imaging, and fine‐tuning further reduces aliasing artifacts.ConclusionA proposed data‐driven approach enables almost real‐time reconstruction with improved image quality, which improves the feasibility of multishot DWI in a wide range of clinical and neuroscientific studies.
Textural markers of ultrasonographic nerve alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Schreiber Frank , Garz Cornelia , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Petri Susanne , Vielhaber Stefan , Schreiber Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrasound has revealed cross‐sectional nerve area (CSA) reduction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but little is known about the sonographic nerve texture beyond CSA alterations. In a large cohort of 177 ALS patients and 57 control subjects, we investigated the covariance and disease‐specific signature of several sonographic texture features of the median and ulnar nerves and their relationship to the patients’ clinical characteristics. ALS patients showed atrophic nerves, a loss of the intranerve structures’ echoic contrast, elevated coarseness, and a trend toward lower cluster shading compared with controls. A reduction in intranerve echoic contrast was related to longer disease duration and poorer functional status in ALS. Sonographic texture markers point toward a significant reorganization of the deep nerve microstructure in ALS. Future studies will be needed to further substantiate the markers’ potential to assess peripheral nerve alterations in ALS.
An efficient neural network optimized by fruit fly optimization algorithm for user equipment association in software‐defined wireless sensor network
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Ping , Luo Qi , Zheng Jia‐Li , Chen Guang‐Hui 
Published: August 2020

SummarySoftware‐defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN) has aroused great interest due to its new operating characteristics in recent years. For instance, centralized user association control, full network state information perception, and seamless switching. Furthermore, with the development of the Internet of things(IoT), all sensors and user equipment (UE) will be connected. The proposal of the Internet of everything concept has expanded the scope of SDWSN. It is a very challenging issue to ensure the quality of experience(QoE) while achieving load balancing when associating the UE and the base station (BS). Based on the new features of SDWSN, this paper studies a multi‐objective optimization model under multiple constraints in high‐density situations. The goal is to minimize the number of unsatisfied UEs and maximize system throughput by achieving load balancing. This problem was solved by employing an artificial neural network (ANN), which was optimized by the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA). This ANN–FOA scheme greatly reduced the execution time and significantly promoted the result of the multi‐objective optimization model. Through simulation, we verified the effectiveness of our proposed ANN–FOA scheme, and the influence of different sample quantity and different ANN architecture on the final result was explored.
PRESAS: Block‐structured preconditioning of iterative solvers within a primal active‐set method for fast model predictive control
Authors: Quirynen Rien , Di Cairano Stefano 
Published: August 2020

SummaryModel predictive control (MPC) for linear dynamical systems requires solving an optimal control structured quadratic program (QP) at each sampling instant. This article proposes a primal active‐set strategy, called PRESAS, for the efficient solution of such block‐sparse QPs, based on a preconditioned iterative solver to compute the search direction in each iteration. Rank‐one factorization updates of the preconditioner result in a per‐iteration computational complexity of , where m denotes the number of state and control variables and N the number of control intervals. Three different block‐structured preconditioning techniques are presented and their numerical properties are studied further. In addition, an augmented Lagrangian based implementation is proposed to avoid a costly initialization procedure to find a primal feasible starting point. Based on a standalone C code implementation, we illustrate the computational performance of PRESAS against current state of the art QP solvers for multiple linear and nonlinear MPC case studies. We also show that the solver is real‐time feasible on a dSPACE MicroAutoBox‐II rapid prototyping unit for vehicle control applications, and numerical reliability is illustrated based on experimental results from a testbench of small‐scale autonomous vehicles.
Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire
Authors: Li Han , Fan Baoxin , Wang Nasidan , Han Xuefei , Feng Zhenyu , Guo Shijun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, a three‐dimensional thermal response model is developed to investigate the thermal behavior of carbon epoxy composite impacted directly by propane flame. The model is established in consideration of heat transfer and energy conservation in which the heat transfer is in the form of anisotropic heat conduction, absorption by matrix decomposition, and diffusion of gas. Arrhenius equation is utilized to present the decomposition process of the materials. The diffusion equation for the decomposition gas is included for mass conservation. The thermal response model is implemented with the UMATHT and USDFLD subroutines via ABAQUS code, from which the temperature, density, decomposition degree, and decomposition rate can be extracted to analysis the process of material decomposition by finite element simulation. The model shows its capability to analysis the evolution of a carbon epoxy composite in fire by the comparison between the numerical and experimental results. Furthermore, the numerical results show that thermal conductivities in different directions of fiber have a significant influence on the heat transfer. In addition, the relationship between the decomposition degree and temperature is correlated with depths, as well as the peak value of decomposition rate and the time to reach that.