bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational-Wave Implications for the Parity Symmetry of Gravity at GeV Scale
Authors: Wang Yifan , Niu Rui , Zhao Wen , Zhu Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Einstein's general relativity, as the most successful theory of gravity, is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. However, the experimental tests for gravity in the high energy region are limited. The emerging gravitational-wave astronomy has opened an avenue for probing the fundamental properties of gravity in strong and dynamical field, and in particular, high energy regime. In this work, we focus on the parity symmetry of gravity. For broken parity, the left- and right-handed modes of gravitational waves would follow different equations of motion, dubbed as birefringence. We perform the first full Bayesian inference of the parity conservation of gravity by comparing the state-of-the-art waveform with the compact binary coalescence data released by LIGO and Virgo collaboration. We do not find any violations of general relativity, thus obtain the lower bound of the parity-violating energy scale to be $0.09$ GeV through the velocity birefringence of gravitational waves. This provides the most stringent experimental test of gravitational parity symmetry up to date, and for the first time, in the high energy region, which ushers in a new era of using gravitational waves to test the ultraviolet behavior of gravity.
We also find third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can enhance this bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ GeV if there is still no violation, comparable to the current LHC energy scale in particle physics.
dom2vec: Capturing domain structure and function using self-supervision on protein domain architectures
Authors: Melidis Damianos P. , Malone Brandon , Nejdl Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Word embedding approaches have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) research. These approaches aim to map words to a low-dimensional vector space, in which words with similar linguistic features cluster together. Embedding-based methods have also been developed for proteins, where words are amino acids and sentences are proteins. The learned embeddings have been evaluated qualitatively, via visual inspection of the embedding space and extrinsically, via performance comparison on downstream protein prediction tasks. However, these sequence embeddings have the caveat that biological metadata do not exist for each amino acid, in order to measure the quality of each unique learned embedding vector. Results: Here, we present dom2vec, an approach for learning protein domain embeddings using word2vec on InterPro annotations. In contrast to sequence embeddings, biological metadata do exist for protein domains, related to each domain separately. Therefore, we present four intrinsic evaluation strategies to quantitatively assess the quality of the learned embedding space. To perform a reliable evaluation in terms of biology knowledge, we selected the metadata related to the most distinctive biological characteristics of domains. These are the structure, enzymatic and molecular function of a given domain. Notably, dom2vec obtains adequate level of performance in the intrinsic assessment, therefore we can draw an analogy between the local linguistic features in natural languages and the domain structure and function information in domain architectures. Moreover, we demonstrate the dom2vec applicability on protein prediction tasks, by comparing it with state-of-the-art sequence embeddings in three downstream tasks. We show that dom2vec outperform sequence embeddings for toxin and enzymatic function prediction and is comparable with sequence embeddings in cellular location prediction. Conclusions: We report that the application of word2vec on InterPro annotations produces domain embeddings with two significant advantages over sequence embeddings. First, each unique dom2vec vector can be quantitatively evaluated towards its available structure and function metadata. Second, the produced embeddings can outperform the sequence embeddings for a subset of downstream tasks. Overall, dom2vec embeddings are able to capture the most important biological properties of domains and surpass sequence embeddings for a subset of prediction tasks.
Merely Increasing Action Options Increases Charitable Donation
Authors: Weisz Erika , Cikara Mina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amid a sea of requests for aid, what factors affect decisions to donate? Researchers and practitioners continue to debate whether we ought to prioritize leveraging passion (e.g., appeal to people’s empathy) or reason (e.g., appeal to utilitarian drives). Here we circumvent the challenges of emotions and obligation as levers by investigating the efficacy of a novel manipulation of choice architecture to affect giving: increasing the number of action options available to donors to increase how much they give. Across six experiments (N = 6,321), participants responded to single or multiple-bid donation requests. Viewing multiple bids for aid increased both intention to donate and actual donation (controlling for affective states that have been previously associated with costly helping). Notably, increasing the number of bids did not decrease the proportion of people who donated at all. We rule out previously-documented heuristics (i.e., 1/n, fairness) and agency as explanations for our effect, and find positive evidence for the role of merely increasing action options (i.e., bids). Finally, we replicate our effect in a natural experiment of charitable donations (N = 10,000): presenting donors with multiple bids increased the average donation by $8.77 (a 19.7% increase). Our findings have theoretical implications for invigorating behavior and offer practical suggestions for how charitable organizations can better engineer solicitations for aid.
Increasing Public Participation and Influence in Local Decision-making to Address Social Determinants of Health During Times of Resource Constraint: A Systematic Review Examining Initiatives and Theories
Authors: Baxter Susan , Barnes Amy , Lee Caroline , Mead Rebecca , Clowes Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Creating conditions for people to exert influence and control within their lives is an important determinant of health, and crucial in addressing health inequity. Globally, governments, communities, and other partners are experimenting with initiatives to support public participation at a local level. Little is known about how different approaches work, and how changing economic circumstances including the worldwide financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic create challenging circumstances for implementation. This review examined evidence on initiatives to increase peoples’ involvement in local decision-making, with a focus on how this may be affected by resource constraints. Methods: We carried out a mixed-method systematic review of European empirical literature published since 2008, on initiatives aiming to increase public participation in local decision-making/action which could affect public health outcomes. We supplemented this with worldwide literature outlining theories and frameworks to explore potential change pathways. We used narrative synthesis to analyse the literature identified, and a summary diagram to provide a reporting structure.Results: We included 42 documents. Much literature was from the United Kingdom, and of qualitative or case study design. There was limited reporting of the forms and intended/actual functions of initiatives to enhance public participation and influence. Diverse factors (organisational and community-related factors, features of the participatory process) were noted to shape pathways to potential outcomes. Positive and adverse outcomes were reported for communities, individuals, relationships, and the decision-making process. The review highlights how initiatives may be at risk during times of limited resourcing; undermining individual and community capacities to participate, and requiring organisational leaders to think/act differently. Conclusions: Areas to prioritise for action within local governance systems include: supporting community capabilities; relationships between organisations and communities; creating spaces for safe/equitable interaction and knowledge-sharing; and changing institutional culture. If investment is to be made by local governments or communities themselves in times of resource-constraint, there is an urgent need to clarify the functions of different activities and pathways to improvements in determinants of health and inequity. Support to enable change is needed, particularly in response to deep-seated issues within local governance systems, and more explicit engagement with concepts of politics and power.
Influencing factors and predictors of short-term normal parathyroid function after thyroidectomy: a case control study
Authors: Su DunTao , Xia Fada , Huang Wanze , Zhang Zhejia , Bai Ning , Wang Di , liao xing , Li Xinying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the main reason for outpatient follow-up and long-term oral calcium and calcitriol treatment. Our study investigated the influencing factors and powerful predictors of postoperative normal parathyroid function.
Methods

Logistic regression was used to compare the clinicopathological characteristics, surgical details, and serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentrations of patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictors of normal parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Results

Among the 111 patients with PTH < 10 pg/mL on the first postoperative day, most patients experienced a return to normal PTH (PTH > 15 pg/mL) within 30 days postoperatively. Univariate analysis showed that Pod (postoperative day) 1PTH, Pod3 PTH, Pod7 Ca, Pod7 Mg, and Pod7 P (P < 0.05) were associated with normal parathyroid function on the seventh postoperative day. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for normal PTH levels at Pod7 after thyroidectomy: Pod3 PTH (P = 0.038), Pod1 PTH (P = 0.056), Pod7 Mg (P = 0.001), Pod7 P (P = 0.020), and the number of parathyroid glands in situ intraoperatively. The combined sensitivity of serum magnesium concentration and phosphorus concentration to predict normal parathyroid function on the seventh postoperative day was 82.76%, with a sensitivity of 76.83%.
Conclusion

Serum magnesium concentration, phosphorus concentration and PTH concentrations are important influencing factors and effective predictors of short-term postoperative normal parathyroid function. The surgeon should treat each parathyroid gland as the only one during the operation.
Prognostic Significance of Free Psa/ Total Psa Ratio In Predicting Bone Metastases In Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: OZDEMIR Semra , ERSAY Ahmet Resit , OZTURK Fulya Koc , OZDEMIR Beril Su 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of free prostate specific antigen/total prostate specific antigen (free PSA/ total PSA) ratio in prediciton of bone metastases in patient with prostate cancer.
Methods

In total 175 patients with prostate cancer who underwent whole-body bone scintigraphy were included in the study. All selected scintigraphic studies were reprocessed. Free PSA/total PSA ratio, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) values and Gleason scores of patients were recorded.
Results

The results of our study shows that a moderate correlation between free PSA and ALP values with bone metastases lesion number. In addition, we detected a weak correlation between total PSA value, free PSA/ total PSA ratio and Gleason score with the number of bone metastases lesions in patients with prostate cancer. To predict bone metastases in prostat cancer, only ALP variable was statistically significant and had a high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.907, p = 0.004). ALP cut off value was 76.50 IU/L, with %80 sensitivity and %82.1 specificity. Additionally according to our results free PSA values, total PSA values, free PSA/total PSA ratio and Gleason score values was not considered as a reliable parameter in prostate cancer cases following bone metastasis development.
Conclusion

According to the results of our study; the free PSA, total PSA, free PSA/total PSA ratio and Gleason score values was not considered as a reliable parameter in the prostate cancer cases follow-up for bone metastasis development. In addition to ALP can predict bone metastases with 80% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity at 76.50 cut off value.
L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine: potential novel biomarkers for major depressive disorder
Authors: Nie Li-Juan , Liang Jun , Shan Feng , Xu Ya-Yun , Mu Yuan-Yuan , Zhou Xie-Hai , Xia Qing-Rong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The lack of biomarkers to identify the target population has greatly limited the precise medical prospects for major depressive disorder (MDD). The endogenous L-carnitine (LC) and its derivative acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) play different roles in depression, from metabolism and neurochemistry to epigenetic roles. The levels of ALC in people and rodents with depression are significantly reduced. It is necessary to determine whether serum LC and ALC might be used as novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD.
Methods

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of LC and ALC in the serum of healthy controls and patients with MDD; among the latter, in patients who were responsive (effective group) and those who were nonresponsive (ineffective group) after 2–4 weeks of treatment. The diagnostic value of serum LC and ALC for MDD was assessed.
Results

Serum LC and ALC concentrations were significantly lower in patients with MDD than in healthy controls. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the HDRS-24 score was positively associated with serum ALC. The ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.6943 with 61.0% sensitivity and 74.0% specificity for LC and an AUC of 0.8496 with 67.0% sensitivity and 93.0% specificity for ALC, differentiating patients with MDD from healthy controls. Furthermore, the concentration of LC and ALC in patients with depression was significantly increased in the effective-treatment group and no significant change was observed in the ineffective-treatment group.
Conclusion

These results suggest that serum LC and ALC might be potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD.
Plasma Fibrinogen is a good new auxiliary diagnostic marker for periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Huang Jincheng , Chen Xiao , Qiang Shuo , Zheng Wendi , Zheng Jia , Jin Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To test the meaning of serum CRP, ESR, Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume ratio (PC/MPV), plasma Fibrinogen and D-Dimer in periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis (PJI). Methods: Clinical data of 149 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (Group A), PJI (Group B) and aseptic loosening after joint arthroplasy (Group C) were retrospectively studied. General data and preoperative serum CRP, ESR, Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume ratio (PC/MPV), plasma Fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of serum CRP, ESR, Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume ratio (PC/MPV), plasma Fibrinogen and D-Dimer in PJI diagnosis were compared.Results: Expression level of serum CRP, ESR, PC/MPV and plasma Fibrinogen in Group B are higher than Group A and C. Expression level of plasma D-Dimer in Group B are higher than Group A but similar with Group C. When PC/MPV>31.70, plasma Fibrinogen > 4.01 μg/mL and plasma D-Dimer > 1.17 mg/L were set as the threshold value for the diagnosis of PJI, the sensitivity of PC/MPV in PJI diagnosis is lower than ESR and Plasma Fibrinogen. Whereas, there are no statistically significant differences when compared specificity of serum CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, plasma Fibrinogen and D-Dimer in PJI diagnosis.Conclusion: PC/MPV and plasma D-Dimer should not be used as the first screen markers for PJI diagnosis, whereas, the plasma Fibrinogen can be used as a new auxiliary marker for PJI diagnosis.
Navigation with laparoscopic ultrasound during fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy-a single-centre retrospective case control study
Authors: Sebastian Maciej , Sebastian Agata , Rudnicki Jerzy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered as the gold standard treatment for cholecystolithiasis. The critical view of safety is a generally accepted technique of intraoperative visualization but during inflammation and fibrosis in the region of Calot’s triangle it may fail. Fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic ultrasound navigation may be an attractive bail-out option when the intraoperative conditions are difficult.
Methods

The study group consisted of 900 patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis which was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup where the only method of intraoperative identification was the critical view of safety consisted of 402 patients, the second subgroup where the critical view of safety and laparoscopic ultrasound were used consisted of 498 patients. In the first subgroup fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 13 patients, in the second subgroup in 42 patients. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous and Fisher’s exact test for binary variables. The level of statistical significance was set at 95% (p < 0.05).
Results

Fundus-first technique was significantly more often in the subgroup with laparoscopic ultrasound and the hospitalization time of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomies was significantly shorter than in converted cases. The mean time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the mean time to obtain the transection level between the gallbladder and the hepatoduodenal ligament were significantly shorter and the conversion rate was significantly lower in the fundus-first and laparoscopic ultrasound group.
Conclusions

Fundus-first technique with laparoscopic ultrasound navigation may be a very efficient bail-out option during laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to a more precisely and significantly faster defined plane of dissection what enables safe performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with significantly lower rate of conversions.
Development of Space Environment Customized Risk Estimation for Satellites (SECURES)
Authors: Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Nakamizo Aoi , Kubota Yasubumi , Nakamura Masao , Koga Kiyokazu , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Matsumoto Haruhisa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plasma variations in geospace environment driven by the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction is one of the major causes of satellite anomaly. To mitigate the effect of satellite anomaly, risk of space weather disturbances needs to be known in advance based on space weather forecast. However, risk of satellite anomaly due to space weather disturbances is not the same as each satellite, because the risk depends not only on the space environment itself but also on the design and materials of individual satellite. For the viewpoint of satellite operator, it is not easy to apply general alert level of space environment to the risk of individual satellite. To provide tailored space weather information, we have developed SECURES (Space Environment Customized Risk Estimation for Satellite) by combining models of space environment and those of spacecraft charging. In SECURES, we are focusing on the risk of spacecraft charging (surface/internal) for geosynchronous satellites. For risk estimation of surface charging, we have combined the global magnetosphere MHD model with the satellite surface charging models. For risk estimation of internal charging, we have combined the radiation belt models with the satellite internal charging models. We have developed prototype products for both types of charging/ESD. The development of SECURES and our achievements are introduced in this paper.
Paracrine Stimulation of Perinatal Lung Functional and Structural Maturation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Authors: Obendorf Janine , Fabian Claire , Thome Ulrich H. , Laube Mandy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were shown to harbor therapeutic potential in models of respiratory diseases, such as Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), the most common sequel of preterm birth. In these studies cells or animals were challenged with hyperoxia or other injury-inducing agents. However, little is known about the effect of MSCs on immature fetal lungs and whether MSCs are able to improve lung maturity, which may alleviate lung developmental arrest in BPD.Methods: We aimed to determine if conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs stimulates functional and structural lung maturation. As a measure of functional maturation, Na+ transport in primary fetal distal lung epithelial cells (FDLE) was studied in Ussing chambers. Na+ transporter and surfactant protein mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR. Structural maturation was assessed by microscopy in fetal rat lung explants.Results: MSC-CM strongly increased the activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and the Na,K-ATPase as well as their mRNA expression. Branching and growth of fetal lung explants, and surfactant protein mRNA expression were enhanced by MSC-CM. Epithelial integrity and metabolic activity of FDLE cells were not influenced by MSC-CM. Since MSC’ actions are mainly attributed to paracrine signaling, prominent lung growth factors were blocked. None of the tested growth factors (VEGF, BMP, PDGF, EGF, TGF-β, FGF, HGF) contributed to the MSC-induced increase of Na+ transport. In contrast, inhibition of PI3-K/AKT and Rac1 signaling reduced MSC-CM efficacy, suggesting an involvement of these pathways in the MSC-CM-induced Na+ transport.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that MSC-CM strongly stimulated functional and structural maturation of fetal lungs. These effects were at least partially mediated by the PI3‑K/AKT and Rac1 signaling pathway. Thus MSCs not only repair a deleterious tissue environment, but also target lung cellular immaturity itself.
Nasopharyngeal Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Ye-Huan , Lin Bei-Bei , Lv Shi-Xu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal metastasis from colorectal cancer has never been reported in the past. Case presentation: In this paper, we establish a case report of a 79-year-old man suffering from adenocarcinoma of the rectum with distant metastases to the liver, lung, and nasopharynx. Over the past 7 years, he received radical surgery for rectal cancer (miles surgery), chemotherapy, hepatectomy, and pneumonectomy. Conclusions: We equally discuss the histopathological and clinical aspects associated with this condition.
Prognostic Significance of N1 and N2&nbsp;Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio After Distal Gastric Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bai Wan , Wang Yin-Chun , Yang Qing-Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate prognostic significance of n1 and n2 station metastatic lymph node ratio(rN) after distal gastric cancer surgery. METHODS: A total of 408 patients who underwent radical distal gastrectomy (D2) under general anesthesia in 2012-2014. The critical value of rN1 and rN2 were calculated respectively. Prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS: An rN1 of 0.140 and rN2 of 0.100 was found to be the best cut-off value to determine the prognosis of patients with distal gastric cancer (p < 0.001).Univariate and multivariate analysis show that gender, age, nerves invaded, carcinoma nodules, LNS, LNS1, LNS2 were non-prognostic factors.tumor size, depth of invasion,blood vessels invaded,degree of differentiation,rN, PLNS1,rN1, PLNS2, rN2,pTNM were prognostic factors. Among prognostic factors, the partial regression coefficients were, from high to low, pTNM, rN2, rN2, rN. CONCLUSION: RN1 and RN2 is a better prognostic tool for gastric cancer patients after curative distal gastrectomy.which is a beneficial and reliable technique for evaluating lymph node metastasis.