bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired cerebral oxygenation in heart failure patients at rest and during head‐up tilt testing
Authors: Kharraziha Isabella , Holm Hannes , Magnusson Martin , Wollmer Per , Molvin John , Jujic Amra , Fedorowski Artur , Bachus Erasmus , Hamrefors Viktor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) confers potentially negative effects on the brain and autonomic nervous system. The measurement cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) may aid in understanding such effects. We aimed to investigate if compensated HF affects SctO2 at rest and during orthostatic challenge.Methods and resultsNon‐invasive haemodynamic monitoring and near‐infrared spectroscopy were applied during head‐up tilt (HUT) in 61 HF patients [mean (SD) 71 (11) years, 82% male, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I–III] and 60 controls [60 (12) years, 42% male). Group differences in continuous variables were compared using Student's t‐test. Associations between HF and SctO2 were studied using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate in supine position and after 10 min of HUT.Mean SctO2 was lower in HF patients compared with controls both in the supine position (67 vs. 71%; P < 0.001) and after 10 min of HUT (64 vs. 69%; P < 0.001). The HUT‐induced SctO2 decrease was greater in HF patients compared with controls (P = 0.026). SBP did not change in neither HF patients nor controls during HUT, whereas diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in both groups. HF was associated with lower SctO2 in supine (B = −2.5%, P = 0.023) and after 10 min of HUT (B = −2.6%, P = 0.007) after multivariable adjustments.ConclusionsCerebral tissue oxygenation is lower in HF patients both at rest and during orthostasis compared with subjects without HF. Future studies should test if the lower cerebral oxygenation associates with negative prognosis and with impaired cognitive function.
Time‐sensitive approach in the management of acute heart failure
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kawana Masataka , Nakata Jun , Sato Naoki , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohsaka Shun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute heart failure (AHF) has become a global public health burden largely because of the associated high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The treatment options for AHF have remained relatively unchanged over the past decades. Historically, clinical congestion alone has been considered the main target for treatment of acute decompensation in patients with AHF; however, this is an oversimplification of the complex pathophysiology. Within the similar clinical presentation of congestion, significant differences in pathophysiological mechanisms exist between the fluid accumulation and redistribution. Tissue hypoperfusion is another vital characteristic of AHF and should be promptly treated with appropriate interventions. In addition, recent clinical trials of novel therapeutic strategies have shown that heart failure management is ‘time sensitive’ and suggested that treatment selection based on individual aetiologies, triggers, and risk factor profiles could lead to better outcomes. In this review, we aim to describe the specifics of the ‘time‐sensitive’ approach by the clinical phenotypes, for example, pulmonary/systemic congestion and tissue hypoperfusion, wherein patients are classified based on pathophysiological conditions. This mechanistic classification, in parallel with the comprehensive risk assessment, has become a cornerstone in the management of patients with AHF and thus supports effective decision making by clinicians. We will also highlight how therapeutic modalities should be individualized according to each clinical phenotype.
Identification of human cytotoxic ILC3s
Authors: Krabbendam Lisette , Heesters Balthasar A , Kradolfer Chantal M.A , Spits Hergen , Bernink Jochem H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman ILCs are classically categorized into five subsets; cytotoxic CD127−CD94+ NK cells and non‐cytotoxic CD127+CD94−, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and LTi cells. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized subset within the CD127+ ILC population, characterized by the expression of the cytotoxic marker CD94. These CD94+ ILCs resemble conventional ILC3s in terms of phenotype, transcriptome, and cytokine production, but are highly cytotoxic. IL‐15 was unable to induce differentiation of CD94+ ILCs toward mature NK cells. Instead, CD94+ ILCs retained RORγt, CD127 and CD200R1 expression and produced IL‐22 in response to IL‐15. Culturing non‐cytotoxic ILC3s with IL‐12 induced upregulation of CD94 and cytotoxic activity, effects that were not observed with IL‐15 stimulation. Thus, human helper ILCs can acquire a cytotoxic program without differentiating into NK cells.
Pilot scale isolation of exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710: Impact of methodical details on macromolecular properties and technofunctionality
Authors: Nachtigall Carsten , Surber Georg , Bulla Jannis , Rohm Harald , Jaros Doris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExopolysaccharides (EPS) from Streptococcus thermophilus provide similar technofunctionality such as water binding, viscosity enhancing and emulsifying effects as commercial thickeners at a significant lower concentration. Despite their high technofunctional potential, hetero polysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria are still not commercially used in unfermented foods, as the small amount of synthesised EPS calls for a high isolation effort. This study aims to analyse the macromolecular properties of EPS and cell containing isolates from S. thermophilus DGCC7710 obtained by different isolation protocols, and to link these data to the technofunctionality in model food systems. The EPS content of the isolates was affected by the microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes used for cell removal/dialysis, respectively, and was 89% at maximum. There was no link between purity of the isolates, molecular mass (3 × 106 Da) and intrinsic viscosity (0.53 – 0.59 mL/mg) of the EPS. After adding EPS containing isolates to milk, gel stiffness after acidification increased by 25% at maximum, depending on the type and concentration of the specific isolate. Partly purified, cell containing isolates were effective at low absolute EPS concentration (approx. 0.1 g/kg) and therefore represent, together with their simple isolation protocol, an interesting approach to introduce microbial EPS into non‐fermented products.
Li‐containing alloys beneficial for stabilizing lithium anode: A review
Authors: Gu Xingxing , Dong Jing , Lai Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the soaring growth of electric vehicles and grid‐scale energy storage, high‐safety and high‐energy density battery storage systems are urgently needed. Lithium metal anodes, which possess the highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) among anode materials, are regarded as the ultimate choice for high‐energy density batteries. However, its safety problems as well as the low Coulombic efficiency during the Li plating and stripping process significantly limit the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Recently, Li‐containing alloys have demonstrated vital roles in inhibiting lithium dendrite growth, controlling interfacial reactions and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) as well as cycle life. Accordingly, in this perspective, the progresses of lithium alloys for robust, stable, and dendrite free anodes for rechargeable lithium metal batteries are summarized. The challenges and future research focus of lithium‐containing alloys in lithium metal batteries are also discussed.
Comparison of separation performance of absorption column and membrane contactor system for biohydrogen upgraded from palm oil mill effluent fermentation
Authors: Rohani Rosiah , Yusoff Izzati Izni , Amran Nur Fatinah Ainaa , Naim Rosmawati , Takriff Mohd Sobri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) via fermentation under controlled conditions can produce a high‐value biohydrogen (H2) mixture containing carbon dioxide (CO2). This H2 can be enriched before it can be used for renewable energy, that is, in fuel cell. In this work, H2 was upgraded via two techniques, namely absorption column and membrane contactor system. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and mixed solution of NH4OH and KOH were used as the chemical absorbents for both techniques. In the absorption column, it was found that the mixed solution provided the highest H2 purity (99%) at 1 M concentration with a gas flow rate of 0.2 L/min. Meanwhile, the mixed solution and KOH solution showed similar separation performance with H2 purity of up to 75% in the gas–liquid membrane contactor. On investigating the separation performance for each of the compared techniques, it was found that the absorption column has a superior ability to purify H2 than the membrane contactor system. However, the membrane contactor is more sustainable as it has the least drop in H2 purity at a longer separation time during the separation process. Both techniques have their own advantages in purifying H2, and thus they can be fairly considered for gas upgrading.
Rapid tidal marsh development in anthropogenic backwaters
Authors: Yellen Brian , Woodruff Jonathan , Ladlow Caroline , Ralston David K. , Fernald Sarah , Lau Waverly 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTidal marsh restoration and creation is growing in popularity due to the many and diverse sets of services these important ecosystems provide. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. Here we provide documentation for widespread and rapid development of tidal freshwater wetlands for a major urban estuary as an unintended result of early industrial development. Anthropogenic backwater areas established behind railroad berms, jetties, and dredge spoil islands resulted in the rapid accumulation of clastic material and the subsequent initiation of emergent marshes. In one case, historical aerial photos document this transition occurring in less than 18 years, offering a timeframe for marsh development. Accretion rates for anthropogenic tidal marshes and mudflats average 0.8–1.1 and 0.6–0.7 cm year−1, respectively, equivalent to two to three times the rate of relative sea level rise as well as the observed accretion rate at a 6000+ year‐old reference marsh in the study area. Paired historical and geospatial analysis revealed that more than half of all the tidal wetlands on the Hudson River were likely triggered by anthropogenic development since the onset of the industrial era, including two‐thirds of the emergent cattail marsh. These inadvertently constructed tidal wetlands currently trap roughly 6% of the Hudson River's sediment load. Results indicate that when sediment is readily available, freshwater tidal wetlands can develop relatively rapidly in sheltered settings. The study sites serve as useful examples to help guide future tidal marsh creation and restoration efforts.
Effect of Fermentation on Nutritional Quality, Growth and Hematological Parameters of Rats Fed Sorghum‐Soybean‐Orange flesh Sweet Potato Complementary Diet
Authors: Adejuwon Kikelomo P. , Osundahunsi Oluwatooyin F. , Akinola Stephen A. , Oluwamukomi Matthew O. , Mwanza Mulunda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe protein quality of complementary foods developed from fermented and unfermented sorghum, soybeans, and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour blends was evaluated using rat model. The test diet was as follows: UF2: unfermented sorghum (56%), soybean (17%), and OFSP (27%); UF3: unfermented sorghum (59%), soybean (31%), and OFSP (10%); F2: fermented sorghum (56%), soybean (17%), and OFSP (27%); and F3: fermented sorghum (59%), soybean (31%), and OFSP (10%), while cerelac served as positive control, corn starch (basal diet), and ogi (negative control). Forty‐nine Wistar albino rats were grouped and fed with diets for 28 days. The growth, hematological, serum parameters of animals, protein quality, and proximate composition of developed diet were determined. Fermentation significantly improved the protein content and nutritional indices of experimental animals. Moisture content ranged from 2.5% to 9.24%, protein (7.09%–25.29%), ash (1.09%–3.71%), fat (10.28%–15.24%), and fiber (0.85%–3.17%). The biological values (BV) ranged from 75.11% to 78.44%. The weight gained in rat fed the formulated diet ranged from 46.0 g to 77.3 g and was highest in F3. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell (RBC), and lymphocytes were highest in F3. Urea nitrogen and creatinine of the rats fed with formulated diets ranged from 3.58 to 15.32 mg/dl and 1.56 to 6.15 mg/dl, respectively. Sample F3 is a protein‐rich complementary food that is comparable to ogi and suitable to manage malnutrition and support growth in children. However, clinical trials on the formulated diet are needed to further substantiate its nutritional potentials.
Pediatric fibromyxoid soft tissue tumor with PLAG1 fusion: A novel entity?
Authors: Chung Catherine T. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Dickson Brendan C. , Chami Rose , Marrano Paula , Fan Rong , Shago Mary , Hameed Meera , Thorner Paul S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe classification of undifferentiated soft tissue tumors continues to evolve with the expanded application of molecular analysis in clinical practice. We report three cases of a unique soft tissue tumor in young children (5 months to 2 years old) displaying a purely fibromyxoid histology, with positive staining for desmin and CD34. In two cases, RNA sequencing detected a YWHAZ‐PLAG1 gene fusion, while in the third case, a previously unreported EEF1A1‐PLAG1 fusion was identified. PLAG1 fusions have been reported in several pathologic entities including pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelial tumors of skin and soft tissue, and lipoblastoma, the latter occurring preferentially in young children. In these tumors, expression of a full length PLAG1 protein comes under the control of the constitutively active promoter of the partner gene in the fusion, and the current cases conform to that model. Overexpression of PLAG1 was confirmed by diffusely positive immunostaining for PLAG1 in all three cases. Our findings raise the possibility of a novel fibromyxoid neoplasm in childhood associated with these rare PLAG1 fusion variants. The only other report of a PLAG1‐YWHAZ fusion occurred in a pediatric tumor diagnosed as a “fibroblastic lipoblastoma.” This finding raises the possibility of a relationship with our three cases, even though our cases lacked any fat component. Further studies with regard to a shared pathogenesis are required.
Dynamic functional networks in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Alterations and reversibility byCSFtap test
Authors: Griffa Alessandra , Bommarito Giulia , Assal Frédéric , Herrmann François R. , Van De Ville Dimitri , Allali Gilles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH)—the leading cause of reversible dementia in aging—is characterized by ventriculomegaly and gait, cognitive and urinary impairments. Despite its high prevalence estimated at 6% among the elderlies, iNPH remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the lack of iNPH‐specific diagnostic markers and limited understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. INPH diagnosis is also complicated by the frequent occurrence of comorbidities, the most common one being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we investigate the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging dynamics of 26 iNPH patients before and after a CSF tap test, and of 48 normal older adults. Alzheimer's pathology was evaluated by CSF biomarkers. We show that the interactions between the default mode, and the executive‐control, salience and attention networks are impaired in iNPH, explain gait and executive disturbances in patients, and are not driven by AD‐pathology. In particular, AD molecular biomarkers are associated with functional changes distinct from iNPH functional alterations. Finally, we demonstrate a partial normalization of brain dynamics 24 hr after a CSF tap test, indicating functional plasticity mechanisms. We conclude that functional changes involving the default mode cross‐network interactions reflect iNPH pathophysiological mechanisms and track treatment response, possibly contributing to iNPH differential diagnosis and better clinical management.
Activation of ventral CA1 hippocampal neurons projecting to the lateral septum during feeding
Authors: Kosugi Kenzo , Yoshida Keitaro , Suzuki Toru , Kobayashi Kenta , Yoshida Kazunari , Mimura Masaru , Tanaka Kenji F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA number of studies have reported the involvement of the ventral hippocampus (vHip) and the lateral septum (LS) in negative emotional responses. Besides these well‐documented functions, they are also thought to control feeding behavior. In particular, optogenetic and pharmacogenetic interventions to LS‐projecting vHip neurons have demonstrated that the vHip→LS neural circuit exerts an inhibition on feeding behavior. However, there have been no reports of vHip neuronal activity during feeding. Here, we focused on LS‐projecting vCA1 neurons (vCA1→LS) and monitored their activity during feeding behaviors in mice. vCA1→LS neurons were retrogradely labeled with adeno‐associated virus carrying a ratiometric Ca2+ indicator and measured compound Ca2+ dynamics by fiber photometry. We first examined vCA1→LS activity in random food‐exploring behavior and found that vCA1→LS activation seemed to coincide with food intake; however, our ability to visually confirm this during freely moving behaviors was not sufficiently reliable. We next examined vCA1→LS activity in a goal‐directed, food‐seeking lever‐press task which temporally divided the mouse state into preparatory, effort, and consummatory phases. We observed vCA1→LS activation in the postprandial period during the consummatory phase. Such timing‐ and pathway‐specific activation was not observed from pan‐vCA1 neurons. In contrast, reward omission eliminated this activity, indicating that vCA1→LS activation is contingent on the food reward. Sated mice pressed the lever significantly fewer times but still ate food; however, vCA1→LS neurons were not activated, suggesting that vCA1→LS neurons did not respond to habitual behavior. Combined, these results suggest that gastrointestinal interoception rather than food‐intake motions or external sensations are likely to coincide with vCA1→LS activity. Accordingly, we propose that vCA1→LS neurons discriminate between matched or unmatched predictive bodily states in which incoming food will satisfy an appetite. We also demonstrate that vCA1→LS neurons are activated in aversive/anxious situations in an elevated plus maze and tail suspension test. Future behavioral tests utilizing anxious conflict and food intake may reconcile the multiple functions of vCA1→LS neurons.
Groundwater depletion in northern India: Impacts of the sub‐regional anthropogenic land‐use, socio‐politics and changing climate
Authors: Panda Dileep Kumar , Ambast Sunil Kumar , Shamsudduha Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the key drivers behind intensive use of groundwater resources and subsequent depletion in northern India is important for future food security of India. Although spatio‐temporal changes of groundwater storage (GWS) and its depletion in northern India are mapped using the NASA's GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) records, the sub‐regional diverse socio‐political and environmental factors contributing to the variability in groundwater withdrawals and renewals are not well documented. Here, we provide new evidence on changes in GWS at different spatial scales using both observations and satellite‐based measurements applying both parametric and non‐parametric statistical analyses. The substantial loss of GWS has occurred since the beginning of the 21st century, and the decline in GWS is associated with some record‐breaking dry and hot climate events. We present how certain state‐based policy decisions, such as supplying free electricity for irrigation, prompted farmers to extract groundwater unsustainably and thus led to widespread GWS deletion, which has been also accelerated by frequent dryness and rising temperatures. In the hotspot of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi of northern India, the extracted groundwater during 1985–2013 is equivalent to a metre‐high layer if spread uniformly across its geographical domain. We find that the groundwater storage loss in northern India has increased rapidly from 17 km3 to 189 km3 between the pre‐2002 and 2002–2013 periods. This loss in northern India is, therefore, an excellent example of rapid surface greening and sub‐surface drying—a result of an interplay of socio‐political and environmental factors. As groundwater continues to be treated as a common natural resource and no clear definition exists to guide policymaking, this study also illustrates how the administrative district level approach can solve the widespread problem of depletion.
Tree water deficit and dynamic source water partitioning
Authors: Nehemy Magali F. , Benettin Paolo , Asadollahi Mitra , Pratt Dyan , Rinaldo Andrea , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δ2H and δ18O, respectively) have been widely used to investigate tree water source partitioning. These tracers have shed new light on patterns of tree water use in time and space. However, there are several limiting factors to this methodology (e.g., the difficult assessment of isotope fractionation in trees, and the labor‐intensity associated with the collection of significant sample sizes) and the use of isotopes alone has not been enough to provide a mechanistic understanding of source water partitioning. Here, we combine isotope data in xylem and soil water with measurements of tree's physiological information including tree water deficit (TWD), fine root distribution, and soil matric potential, to investigate the mechanism driving tree water source partitioning. We used a 2 m3 lysimeter with willow trees (Salix viminalis) planted within, to conduct a high spatial–temporal resolution experiment. TWD provided an integrated response of plant water status to water supply and demand. The combined isotopic and TWD measurement showed that short‐term variation (within days) in source water partitioning is determined mainly by plant hydraulic response to changes in soil matric potential. We observed changes in the relationship between soil matric potential and TWD that are matched by shifts in source water partitioning. Our results show that tree water use is a dynamic process on the time scale of days. These findings demonstrate tree's plasticity to water supply over days can be identified with high‐resolution measurements of plant water status. Our results further support that root distribution alone is not an indicator of water uptake dynamics. Overall, we show that combining physiological measurements with traditional isotope tracing can reveal mechanistic insights into plant responses to changing environmental conditions.