bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Appraisal of Option B+ In Tiko Health District- Cameroon
Authors: Tassang Andrew , T Nana Njamen , Assop  , Thierry Tassang , CJ Njamen Nana , Paulette Ngum Fru , Nchang Cho Frederick 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Cameroon in 2014 had a HIV prevalence rate of 4.6 %. It is estimated that about 90% of new infections occur as a result of heterosexual relations. In 2010 in Cameroon, 7,300 babies were estimated to be born HIV positive due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Faced with these realities, Cameroon has been stepping up its response steadily from Option A then B and now Option B+. To have an early appraisal of the Option B+ approach as far as the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is concerned in the Tiko health district- Cameroon.
Methodology: This cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out in Tiko from the 1st of December 2015 to the 31st of August 2016. With the use of a questionnaire, a total of 111 women whose infants underwent the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test at six weeks were surveyed. Univariate and bivariate data analysis were performed with CDC- Epi-Info 7.2.2.6.
Results: Out of 111 women included in this study, only 2 (1.8%) babies had a positive PCR test. Two cases of infected babies were realised in the study, 1 in each of the first two trimesters of pregnancy. It could probably be due to the fact that, these women got infected while they were already pregnant or maybe before their introduction to the Option B+. However, the infectious rate was similar to that of women on tritherapy. Interventions like the use of Antiretroviral (ART) drugs by infected pregnant women, safe delivery practices and safe infant feeding helped reduce the risk of transmission to infants (from 40% to 5%).
Conclusion: The infection rate of 1.8 % is similar to those of women who are on tritherapy in many studies. Despite the fact that the implementation of option B+ looks more onerous, the long term benefits as far as cost effectiveness is concerned looks laudable. Thus this strategy should be adopted in resource restricted countries.
Shiite Geopolitics Contemporary Shiite Geopolitical Theories and Terms
Authors: Safi Bayan Al 
Published: September 2020

Ideological doctrinal theories were developed specifically for Shiite geopolitics as the basis for the implementation of the Iranian expansionist strategy and attempts to make the Iranian sectarian project successful by controlling the countries located in its vital area. In the first decade of the Islamic revolution, Shiite geopolitical theories were based on Iran's outing its geographical borders and turning it into the axis of the Islamic world. Thus, Tehran took a liberty of reaching out to social, cultural and sectarian components in other countries with the aim of building Muslim Shiite regimes under the leadership of Iran.
The paper examines the manifestation of the return of geopolitics in the 21st century, in particular, the Iranian Shiite geopolitics. The expansion of Shiite political Islam, especially after the Iranian role demonstrated the terrorist-armed aspect of sectarianism.
Management Education – The Semitic and Indo-European Languages: Arabic, Russian, Spanish languages.
Authors: Allegra Stefania 
Published: September 2020

The ability to work in more tasks in every field life it’s hard goal to achieve. I can affirm with proof that you need to train constantly for it. It means that you have to train the mind and the action through the same direction. I’ve been trained myself in this task as personal experience of life. Since I was twenty I’ve held many important and hard tasks that have changed my mind results.
It’s the same in the field of learning, studying and teaching foreign languages. If you don’t train quite every day your memorization, it’s quite impossible to learn a foreign language. A professional professor in foreign languages is normally used to teach one, two languages or sometimes more, and it’s difficult in any case.
According to my experience I got the special training to teach in contemporary more languages, I mean at the same time, to switch more languages, so it happens that I teach more languages in the same day and even in the same hour, without any difficulty. It’s possible only because my mind is always well trained.
It’s for example, when you change language, you must remember all skills, in contemporary with other languages, it’s so when I teach English, German, French, Russian, Arabic, Italian, etc.. It’s not easy to train the mind in this way, but you can succeed if you do the right training.
It’s important to be conscious about the power of the mind, when we want to learn a foreign language. It’s not easy but you must focus in hard training to get true results.
The mistake is to think to learn a language without passion just for a duty, in this way you will never learn it; it’s the first step in helping the memorization. Then you will find the next step to follow the training of memorization.
Proposta de modelo Casa de Energia Zero (CEZ) de baixo padrão para Zona Bioclimática 07 com avaliação da viabilidade econômica
Authors: Domingos Renata Mansuelo Alves , Gabriel Elaise 
Published: September 2020

Com a crescente preocupação em relação ao consumo dos recursos ambientais e gasto energético surgem também novas pesquisas voltadas à área sustentável da construção civil. Edifícios eficientes vem sendo construídos não só com o intuito de atrair novos investimentos, mas também levando em conta o cunho ambiental. Edifícios de Energia Zero – EEZ contam com a aplicação de diversas estratégias passivas visando a eficiência energética dos mesmos e consequentemente a diminuição da demanda por refrigeração, iluminação, aquecimento, incluindo o uso de equipamentos mais eficientes e produzem a energia que consomem, tendo um balanço nulo. Entretanto, o grande problema enfrentado pelos profissionais é até onde usar medidas de eficiência energética em termos de custo benefício, ou seja, até que ponto é viável investir em estratégias passivas para redução do consumo. Essa análise depende do clima e economia do local em que a edificação será inserida, portanto é essencial haver estudos que subsidiem as decisões tomadas. Em virtude disso foi realizada uma análise da viabilidade econômica de implantação de uma EEZ em regiões de clima quente com auxílio de estratégias bioclimáticas. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de simulações computacionais no software DesignBuilder e a viabilidade financeira foi definida pelo cálculo do payback utilizando para isso o Valor Presente Líquido. Os resultados demonstraram um tempo de retorno de investimento de aproximadamente 7 anos, mostrando assim a viabilidade econômica da implantação da mesma. Podendo dessa forma ser implantado por meios de políticas públicas, podendo assim ter-se micro geradores com viabilidade econômica.
Hypermobility Assessment in 1,004 Adult Patients Presenting with Hip Pain
Authors: Santore R.F. , Gosey G.M. , Muldoon M.P. , Long A.A. , Healey R.M. 
Published: September 2020

Background:The strength of the association between hypermobility and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in adults is unknown. We sought to analyze this relationship in a prospective, blinded, institutional review board-approved, observational study. The hypothesis was that the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) would be significantly higher in patients with hip dysplasia than in those with other hip diagnoses on the basis of clinical observations of joint laxity.Methods:One thousand and four consecutive new patients (390 males and 614 females) seen over a 4-year period were evaluated for hypermobility of the hip using 2 criteria: the Beighton 9-point physical examination criteria and the Hakim-Grahame 5-item history questionnaire. Diagnosis, age, sex, and race were tested as predictors of hypermobility. Patient-reported outcome scores from the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) and the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) were also assessed.Results:DDH was the primary diagnosis in 33.2% of the patient population. Patients who had dysplasia without osteoarthritis (OA) had a significantly elevated prevalence of GJH (77.9%) compared with those with nondysplastic hips (32.8%; p < 0.0001) or with patients who had dysplasia and OA (35.7%; p < 0.0001) according to either method. The odds ratio (OR) for patients with DDH versus those with other diagnoses was 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1 to 10.0). The prevalence of hypermobility was significantly greater in females than in males (OR = 4.2 [95% CI: 3.2 to 5.5]; p < 0.0001). The prevalence of GJH was inversely proportional to age. There was a significantly reduced prevalence of GJH observed in Hispanic patients (p < 0.05) compared with other races. GJH was not a predictor of patient-reported outcome scores (p = 0.51 for iHOT-12 and p = 0.44 for mHHS).Conclusions:To our knowledge, this study is the first to establish a strong association between hypermobility and DDH in adults, confirming the hypothesis. We recommend utilizing both the Beighton and Hakim-Grahame scoring systems together as routine components of the history and physical examination for patients with hip dysplasia. Further research is warranted to explore the genetic basis and potential causal relationships between soft-tissue laxity and skeletal dysplasia, as well as improvements in assessment tools.Level of Evidence:PrognosticLevel II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Antibiotic-Laden Bone Cement Use and Revision Risk After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Bendich Ilya , Zhang Ning , Barry Jeffrey J. , Ward Derek T. , Whooley Mary A. , Kuo Alfred C. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
It is controversial whether the use of antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) affects periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or revision rates. The impact of ALBC on outcomes of primary TKA have not been previously investigated in U.S. veterans, to our knowledge. The purposes of this study were to quantify utilization of ALBC among U.S. veterans undergoing primary TKA and to determine if ALBC usage is associated with differences in revision TKA rates.

Methods:
Patients who had TKA with cement from 2007 to 2015 at U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospitals with at least 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively identified. Patients who received high-viscosity Palacos bone cement with or without gentamicin were selected as the final study cohort. Patient demographic and comorbidity data were collected. Revision TKA was the primary outcome. All-cause revisions and revisions for PJI were identified from both VHA and non-VHA hospitals. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses were performed to identify variables that were associated with increased revision rates.

Results:
The study included 15,972 patients who had primary TKA with Palacos bone cement at VHA hospitals from 2007 to 2015. Plain bone cement was used for 4,741 patients and ALBC was used for 11,231 patients. Utilization of ALBC increased from 50.6% in 2007 to 69.4% in 2015. At a mean follow-up of 5 years, TKAs with ALBC had a lower all-cause revision rate than those with plain bone cement (5.3% versus 6.7%; p = 0.0009) and a lower rate of revision for PJI (1.9% versus 2.6%; p = 0.005). On multivariable regression, ALBC use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause revision compared with plain bone cement (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.92; p = 0.0019). Seventy-one primary TKAs needed to be implanted with ALBC to avoid 1 revision TKA.

Conclusions:
The utilization of ALBC for primary TKAs performed at VHA hospitals has increased over time and was associated with a lower all-cause revision rate and a lower rate of revision for PJI.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Morscher Osteotomy Through Surgical Dislocation Approach for True Femoral Neck Lengthening with Greater Trochanter Transposition
Authors: Faure Philippe-Alexandre , Zaltz Ira , Côté Kathleen , Pelet Stéphane , Forsythe Caroline , Beaulé Paul E. , Belzile Etienne L. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Young adults presenting with hip pain can be affected by proximal femoral growth disturbances as seen in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) or as a complication of surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In 1988, Morscher proposed a novel femoral neck lengthening osteotomy to address these issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Morscher osteotomy as a procedure to complement the well-documented surgical hip dislocation, to increase femoral offset, to distalize the greater trochanter, and to increase the overall limb length.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective case series from 3 hip-preservation-expert surgeons. Morscher osteotomies performed through a surgical dislocation approach by 3 surgeons between January 2008 and September 2019 were reviewed. Fifteen patients with a median age at surgery of 17 years (range, 13 to 28 years) and a minimum follow-up of 3 months (until union) were included. Surgical indications, clinical findings, comparative radiographic analyses including the change in horizontal femoral offset and the position of the greater trochanter, and complications were assessed.

Results:
Surgical indications included DDH and LCPD. The horizontal femoral offset improved in all patients, to a median of 32.5 mm (range, 4 to 46.4 mm). The articular-trochanteric distance increased to >5 mm in all patients. Limb length improved by a median of 11.5 mm (range, 3 to 30 mm). Complementary periacetabular osteotomy was performed in 14 patients. The lateral center-edge angle and the acetabular index improved in patients with an associated periacetabular osteotomy, to a median of 28.2° (range, 9° to 37.7°) and 7.9° (range, 0° to 20°), respectively. Two patients demonstrated osteoarthritis progression from Tönnis stage 0 to stage 1, and 6 patients had a decrease of the joint space. Complications included 1 pulmonary embolism, 1 case of asymptomatic fibrous union of the greater trochanter, and 1 transient sciatic nerve palsy.

Conclusions:
The time-tested Morscher osteotomy indicated for complex proximal femoral reconstruction is effective in increasing horizontal femoral offset, distalization of the greater trochanter, and limb length. Combining the Morscher osteotomy with the versatility of surgical hip dislocation and the improved coverage capacity of periacetabular osteotomy proved complementary in the arsenal of hip preservation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Motivation and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Participatory Leadership Style in Laundry Companies in Pasuruan, Indonesia
Authors: Sugito Muhammad , Harjatno Slamet 
Published: September 2020

This study aim to determine The Effect of Job Statisfaction, Motivation dan Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with participative leadership style as an intervening variable on the Employees of PT. Surabaya Laundry Sentosa. This research is quantitative research with hypothesis testing. The sample used in this study were 60 section / production employees at PT. Surabaya Laundry Sentosa. The analytical tool used in this study is the path analysis technique (path analysis) with the help of software for the operating system called SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sience) version 25.0. The primary data in this study were obtained from a questionnaire whose measurements used a Likert scale that was tested for validity and reliability. The results of this study prove that job satisfaction influences organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), motivation also influences organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), work environment influences organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), participative leadership style influences organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), In addition, job satisfaction, motivation, work environment and participative leadership style have a direct and indirect influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
Impact of Teamwork and Compensation on Employee Performance in Manufacturing Companies in Pasuruan, Indonesia
Authors: Badar Mukhammad  Zakkiy , Sari Dewi Komala 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction, teamwork, and compensation on emplayee performance at PT. Wastra Karya Prima at Pandaan. This research is quantitative research with hypothesis testing. The sample used in this study were 100 employess at PT. Wastra Karya Prima at Pandaan. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination (R2), partial correlation coefficient, t test, F test and classic asumption test using SPSS version 18 for windows. This primary data was obtained from a questionnaire whose measurement used a Likert scale that tested the validity and reability and the data was declared valid and reliable.The results of this study prove that job satisfaction, teamwork, and compensation simultaneously influence emplayee performance. Job satisfaction. teamwork, and compensation have a partial effect on emplayee performance.
Education in Tourism Industry-Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Abduvakhabova U. Yu. 
Published: September 2020

The aim of the article is to define, analyze and suggest ways of solution of the influence of learning foreign languages problems to develop international tourism in Uzbekistan. It is emphasized that the knowledge of foreign languages is important for the further development of international tourism, because the tourism industry is closely connected with foreign languages. Comparative analyses of different methodologists and scientists’ points of views was carried out in literature review to match different approaches of most effective way in teaching foreign language for specialist in tourism industry. For the analysis, pedagogical technologies that are often used in the teaching process and technologies that are little known in pedagogical work, which could be very effective, were selected. The selection was carried out through analysis of literature in the field of pedagogy: studying the experience of innovators (Shchukin A.,Sparks R.L., Ganschow L. and others), as well as the experience of teachers of modern school. It is concluded that international tourism can contribute to increasing the motivation and efficiency of learning a foreign language.
Regional Tourism Development Efficiency
Authors: Khalilova Lenie Fevzievna 
Published: September 2020

This article is about the importance of increasing flow of tourists and its positive impact on the economy of the region as a whole. Today the sphere of tourism in our country is considered as one of the most important sectors of the economy and a significant factor in the development of regions. Solution of many problems in the regions, such as increase of labor employment, attraction of investments, improvement of ecological situation and others are connected with effective functioning of tourism sphere. Domestic and inbound tourism in the process of progress has a positive impact on the formation of the gross domestic product, thus ensuring an improvement in the quality and standard of living of the population. Thus, due to the growth of tourism activities and other service areas, it is possible to solve problems related not only to the improvement of economic indicators, but also to social, environmental and many others. It will be possible to talk about stable development of tourism in the region only when all conditions are fulfilled and companies start working as a whole. In case of deficiencies in one of the spheres, despite the coherence of work, tourism development will fall behind the predicted results. In such a situation the positive dynamics will be temporary. Thus, the main task is to create a single mechanism for all companies connected with this industry.
Evaluation of Holy Places of the Regions for the Development of Pilgrimage Tourism
Authors: Navruz-zoda Zebiniso 
Published: September 2020

The article is intended to describe the four stages of turning sacred sites into pilgrimage clusters in detail: 1) making sacred sites a place of pilgrimage; 2) promoting sacred places as attractive pilgrimage tourist destinations; 3) forming pilgrimage clusters with high competitiveness on the basis of attractive pilgrimage destinations. In order to form regional pilgrimage tourism clusters it requires to assess the quality and level of accessibility in destinations. For this purpose, the author has established “Criteria for Assessment of Sacred Sites and Procedure for their Qualitative Classification”. It is recommended that the shrines be evaluated on a 100-point scale using the following 10 criteria:

a comprehensive range of pilgrimage information;
advanced infrastructure of pilgrimages;
prestige of pilgrimages;
worship of pilgrimages;
the rank of sanctity in the shrines;
scientific potential of pilgrimages;
the type of monuments in the shrine;
the historicity of pilgrimages;
the prodigy of the pilgrimages;

10) usefulness of the pilgrimages and opportunities to manage them.
Based on the results of the multivariate evaluation, it is recommended to distinguish between the three categories of pilgrims: “Sacred Sights”, “Pilgrimage Place” and “Attractive Sanctuary”. Estimating the quality of pilgrimages in Bukhara region with the mentioned established method. This article demonstrates comparative analysis and recommendations for the selection of facilities for the “Seven Saints” pilgrimage cluster.
Strategic Development of Tourism Taking into Account Regional Features of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Turdibekov Khasan Ibragimovich , Ibrokhimov Nodirbek Khasanovich 
Published: September 2020

In this article, the authors examined the features of the strategic analysis of the tourism industry, assessed the new challenges facing the development of the national tourism economy. Using SWOT strategic analysis tools, weaknesses and threats are critically evaluated, and the strengths and opportunities for the development of the tourism industry in a particular region are identified. Long-term strategic management as a management science is reflected in all sectors of the economy. However, the study of strategic planning in the tourism industry in countries that are beginning to move into the post-industrial community has not been fully investigated and determined the course of research. Modern tourism industry is seen as one of the rapidly developing camping industry in international trade in services. Over the past 20 years, the average annual growth rate of the number of arriving foreign tourists in the world amounted to 5.0 %, foreign exchange earnings - 14%, the number of arriving tourists in the world is about 1.4 billion. Today, it is possible to satisfy the rapidly changing needs of tourists by strengthening integration processes both within the tourism system and with the external environment. However, along with the development of tourism, problems of sustainable tourism development arise, develop and become urgent, the solution of which by the methods established in the past becomes inexpedient, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of this highly profitable industry, and the lack of tools that make it possible to more fully satisfy the growing demand for high quality travel services. These arguments suggest the need for a systematic approach in the strategic management of tourism and the development of an appropriate strategy for the development of the tourism industry.