bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring impulsivity in Parkinson’s disease: a correlational and structural neuroimaging study using different tests
Authors: Marín‐Lahoz J. , Martínez‐Horta S. , Sampedro F. , Pagonabarraga J. , Horta‐Barba A. , Bejr‐kasem H. , Botí M. Á. , Fernández‐Bobadilla R. , Pascual‐Sedano B. , Pérez‐Pérez J. , Aracil‐Bolaños I. , Gironell A. , Gómez‐Ansón B. , Kulisevsky J. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeImpulsivity is an aspect of personality and a major component of multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. In Parkinson’s disease, it has been associated with the expression of impulse control disorders, a highly prevalent non‐motor complication. Even though multiple tests of impulsivity have been used in this context, the impact of test choice has not been addressed. The aim was to evaluate whether different impulsivity measures in Parkinson’s disease share substantial inter‐scale and anatomical correlations or rather mirror different underlying phenomena.MethodsIn a consecutive sample of 89 Parkinson’s disease patients without impulse control disorders, four common tests were evaluated assessing different aspects of impulsivity: impulsiveness trait, decisions under implicit risk with and without losses, and delay discounting. Correlations among test scores were analysed and each score was used as a regressor in a set of grey matter volume (GMV) voxel‐based morphometry analyses to explore their brain structural correlates.ResultsNo significant correlations were found between the different impulsivity tests. Furthermore, their structural brain correlates were divergent. Impulsiveness trait appeared to be associated with lower GMV in dorsal–lateral prefrontal cortices, implicit risk (with losses) with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens and lower left insular GMV, implicit risk (without losses) with higher GMV in the left lingual gyrus and lower GMV in the gyri recti and delay discounting with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens.ConclusionsIn Parkinson’s disease, different impulsivity measures reflect very dissimilar behavioural and brain structural correlates. Our results suggest that parkinsonian impulsivity is not a unitary phenomenon but rather a heterogeneous entity.
The COVID‐19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals
Authors: Ali Muhammad Yousuf , Gatiti Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis Regular Feature explores the role of health science librarians in the coronavirus pandemic. COVID‐19 has spread rapidly all over the world. All major cities around the globe are in lockdown. In Pakistan, the first case was diagnosed on 26 February 2020, and currently, there are more than 2039 diagnosed cases and 26 deaths as on 31 March 2020. Across the country, there are further 12 000 suspected cases. This will undoubtedly increase if precautionary measures are not taken. Pakistani universities, colleges and schools were in lockdown. The role of university librarians in this emergency included raising awareness through public health education, providing support to medical staff, researchers and providing ongoing traditional services to regular library patrons in Pakistan. The Regular Feature also provides links to useful resources. JM.
Improved two‐dimensional electrophoretic mapping of Japanese human hair proteins; application to curved and straight Japanese human hairs; and protein identification by MALDI MS and MS/MS quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Bryson W.G. , McCormack A.C. , Plowman J.E. , Grosvenor A.J. , Murphy C.J. , Nagase S. , Itou T. , Koike K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate improved protein extraction and two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) separation methods with Japanese reference human hair (JRH); to determine whether fibre curvature is related to protein composition in curly and straight Japanese women’s human hair (JHH) samples; and to identify proteins from JRH 2DE maps and expression differences between curly and straight JHH.MethodsHair keratin and keratin‐associated proteins (KAPs) were extracted intact with dithiothreitol or tris(2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine from JRH or from curved or straight JHH. Extracted proteins were isoelectric‐focused on first‐dimensional pH gradient gel strips, then separated by molecular weight on laboratory‐made, second‐dimension, large format gels. The software compared protein abundance between duplicate 2DE gels of curved and straight JHH.Thirty‐eight proteins from a JRH 2DE gel were enzyme‐cleaved for MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis to determine peptide composition, and where possible, de novo sequencing gave peptide sequence data. An in‐house human hair protein database incorporating ninety‐eight annotated protein sequences assisted MS analysis.Results2DE gels of tris(2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine‐extracted JRH improved keratin and KAP resolution and number compared to those of dithiothreitol‐extracted JRH and published commercially made second‐dimensional gels.Silver‐stained 2DE gels of the straight or curved JHH sets were remarkably similar. Over‐staining to reveal basic proteins caused poor resolution of the major acidic protein classes. Software comparisons of fifty‐nine resolved proteins revealed two were significantly different in abundance between curved and straight hairs but in insufficient amounts for MS analysis. MS identified twelve proteins from a JRH CBBG‐stained 2DE gel: six type II keratins, three type I keratins and three high sulphur proteins. A further eight were potential conformational isoforms and isoelectric variants of the identified proteins bringing the total to twenty identified or partially identified proteins.ConclusionRoot‐end human hair extraction with tris(2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine improves protein resolution and visualizes more proteins on large format 2DE gels. The two minor protein differences between duplicate straight or curved JHH 2DE gels were unlikely to change fibre structure from straight to curved hair.MS results confirmed that multiple isoforms exist of various hair proteins. Low sequence coverage prevented distinction between members in rows of homologous protein spots of similar molecular weight.
Value of TAT and PIC with D‐dimer for cancer patients with metastasis
Authors: Cui Chanjuan , Gao Jia , Li Jia , Yu Mengyao , Zhang Hao , Cui Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe hypercoagulability of blood is related to the development and metastasis of cancer. High levels of D‐dimer have been reported to be associated with the metastasis and poor prognoses of cancer. Here, we investigated the performance of biomarkers—TAT, PIC, TM, and tPAI·C by new method—for monitoring cancer patients with metastasis.MethodsA total of 197 cancer patients were enrolled. TM, TAT, PIC, and tPAI·C were detected by the chemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsResults showed that the levels of TAT and PIC were higher in the metastasis group than those in the nonmetastasis group (P < .01). In the nonmetastasis group, there were 16 patients with elevated levels of D‐dimer. But, TAT and PIC in these 16 patients were all at normal level (<0.55 mg/L FEU). After dilution, D‐dimer was also decreased to normal levels in these 16 patients. The ROC was used to show the performance of D‐dimer, TAT, and PIC on indicating cancer with metastasis. The AUC of PIC was higher than that of D‐dimer (0.825 vs. 0.770). The specificity and PPV of TAT and PIC were higher than those of D‐dimer. Serial test of TAT, PIC, and D‐dimer improved the specificity and positive predictive value to 90.91% [80.61%, 96.25%] and 89.29% [77.45%, 95.57%], respectively.ConclusionCombining TAT and PIC with D‐dimer could be useful surveillance biomarkers for cancer with metastasis.
Media attention and firm value: International evidence
Authors: Dang Tung L. , Huynh Thi H. H. , Nguyen Manh T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the relation between media attention and firm value and whether this relation varies across different institutional and information environments. Using a comprehensive dataset of global media from 41 countries for the period between 2000 and 2010, we find that media coverage is positively associated with firm value. In addition, we find support for two channels through which the value effect of media coverage operates: the information asymmetry reduction channel and the monitoring channel. Importantly, we document that the positive association between media coverage and firm value is stronger for firms in countries with weak institutional characteristics or less transparent information environments. Our findings provide additional insights into the role of the media in international equity markets.
Microstructure evolution and electromechanical properties of (K,Na) NbO3‐based thick films
Authors: Mercier Hugo , Levassort Franck , Uršič Hana , Kuscer Danjela 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis study investigated an unconventional method of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for the processing of environmentally benign (K0.5Na0.5)0.99Sr0.005NbO3 (KNNSr) thick films on Pt/alumina substrate. EPD allows rapid, economical, and low‐waste processing of thick films and thus offers an integration advantage for electronics manufacturing. To understand the functional response of the KNNSr thick films, the effect of the sintering temperature and atmosphere on their structure, microstructure, and electromechanical properties was investigated. KNNSr thick films densify in constrained conditions in a very narrow temperature range only a few 10°C below the melting temperature of 1140°C. Up to 1100°C the relative density increases to 80%, upon further heating to 1110°C we observed only the grain growth and pore coalescence. The densification is not affected significantly by the atmosphere. The local domain structure of 25‐33 μm thick KNNSr films was similar, while the dielectric and electromechanical properties increased with the increasing sintering temperature. KNNSr thick film sintered at 1100°C has a thickness‐coupling factor kt of 0.4, comparable to that of bulk. The results reveal that the EPD enables the economic processing of high‐performance thick films on complex‐shape substrates that are difficult to fabricate using conventional thick‐film methods.
Paroxysmal short runs of irregular narrow QRS tachycardia: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Yin Ran , Pen Jintian , Zheng Zeqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present case that showed the frequent transition between left atrial tachycardia and AV nodal re‐entrant tachycardia has never been reported. This instructive case highlights the need for careful interpretation of intracardiac electrocardiogram and suggests that differential pacing maneuvers are not feasible in transitional tachycardia with atrial fusion.
Characterization of the relationship between FLI1 and immune infiltrate level in tumour immune microenvironment for breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Wang Yakun , Yu Chunlu , Cao Yiyin , Yu Yao , Pan Yi , Su Dongqing , Lu Qianzi , Yang Wuritu , Zuo Yongchun , Yang Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in the world. Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were defined as the white blood cells left in the vasculature and localized in tumours. Recently, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were found to be associated with good prognosis and response to immunotherapy in tumours. In this study, to examine the influence of FLI1 in immune system in breast cancer, we interrogated the relationship between the FLI1 expression levels with infiltration levels of 28 immune cell types. By splitting the breast cancer samples into high and low expression FLI1 subtypes, we found that the high expression FLI1 subtype was enriched in many immune cell types, and the up‐regulated differentially expressed genes between them were enriched in immune system processes, immune‐related KEGG pathways and biological processes. In addition, many important immune‐related features were found to be positively correlated with the FLI1 expression level. Furthermore, we found that the FLI1 was correlated with the immune‐related genes. Our findings may provide useful help for recognizing the relationship between tumour immune microenvironment and FLI1, and may unravel clinical outcomes and immunotherapy utility for FLI1 in breast cancer.
A Widely Distributed Thraustochytrid Parasite of Diatoms Isolated from the Arctic Represents a gen. and sp. nov.
Authors: Hassett Brandon T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic parasite was isolated from nearshore Arctic marine sediment in association with the diatom Pleurosigma sp. The parasite possessed ectoplasmic threads that could penetrate diatom frustules. Healthy and reproducing Pleurosigma cultures would begin to collapse within a week following the introduction of this parasite. The parasite (2–10 μm diameter) could reproduce epibiotically with biflagellate zoospores, as well as binary division inside and outside the diatom host. While the parasite grew, diatom intracellular content disappeared. Evaluation of electron micrographs from co‐cultures revealed the presence of hollow tubular processes and amorphic cells that could transcend the diatom frustule, generally at the girdle band, as well as typical thraustochytrid ultrastructure, such as the presence of bothrosomes. After nucleotide extraction, amplification, and cloning, database queries of DNA revealed closest molecular affinity to environmental thraustochytrid clone sequences. Testing of phylogenetic hypotheses consistently grouped this unknown parasite within the Thraustochytriidae on a distinct branch within the environmental sequence clade Lab19. Reclassification of Arctic high‐throughput sequencing data, with appended reference datasets that included this diatom parasite, indicated that the majority of thraustochytrid sequences, previously binned as unclassifiable stramenopiles, are allied to this new isolate. Based on the combined information acquired from electron microscopy, life history, and phylogenetic testing, this unknown isolate is described as a novel species and genus.
Effectiveness of edible coatings to inhibit browning and inactivate foodborne pathogens on fresh‐cut apples
Authors: Jin Tony Z. , Chen Wenxuan , Gurtler Joshua B. , Fan Xuetong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiple formulations of edible coating solutions were developed and evaluated for their ability to maintain the quality and minimize populations of foodborne bacteria on fresh‐cut apples. Fresh‐cut apples were artificially inoculated with Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes, and dip‐treated with coating solutions. Changes in populations of pathogens and molds and yeasts (M&Y) were evaluated after solution treatments and during storage at 4°C for 35 days. Changes in color, texture firmness, and weight loss during storage were also determined. Among the formulations, the solution containing 1% of three organic acids (acetic, lactic, and levulinic acids), 2% N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine or L‐cysteine with 0.5% chitosan demonstrated the best effectiveness for the simultaneous reduction of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, control of browning, and maintenance of the quality of fresh‐cut apples. The treated apple slices had nondetectable pathogens and M&Y (<1 log CFU) and the least quality changes for 35‐day storage. The developed solutions can be used at processing plants, retail stores, or homes to protect fresh‐cut apples or other fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables from microbiological and quality deterioration.
Whole‐grain intake and its inverse relationships with fatty acids intake among multiethnic Malaysian schoolchildren
Authors: Koo H. C. , Kaur S. , Chan K. Q. , Soh W. H. , Ang Y. L. , Chow W. S. , Hew M. K. , Wong S. Y. , Yap M. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the relationship of whole‐grain intake with dietary fatty acids intake. The present study aimed to assess the whole‐grain intake and its relationships with dietary fatty acids intake among multiethnic schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 392 schoolchildren aged 9–11 years, cluster sampled from five randomly selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. Whole‐grain and fatty acids intakes were assessed by 3‐day, 24‐h diet recalls. All whole‐grain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained.ResultsIn total, 55.6% (n = 218) were whole‐grain consumers. Mean (SD) daily intake of whole grain in the total sample was 5.13 (9.75) g day−1. In the whole‐grain consumer’s only sample, mean (SD) intakes reached 9.23 (11.55) g day−1. Significant inverse associations were found between whole‐grain intake and saturated fatty acid (SAFA) intake (r = −0.357; P < 0.001), monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (r = −0.373; P < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (r = −0.307; P < 0.001) intake. Furthermore, whole‐grain intake was a significant predictor of SAFA (β = −0.077; P = 0.004), MUFA (β = −0.112; P = <0.001) and PUFA (β = −0.202; P = <0.001) intakes, after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity.ConclusionsWhole‐grain intake in Malaysia was well below recommendations. Schoolchildren who consumed higher whole grain tend to reduce fat intake; however, it would also reduce the SAFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes. Future collaboration may be conducted between industry, government and universities to promote unsaturated fatty acids‐rich foods and whole‐grain food, although not to promote processed whole‐grain foods with a high sugar and salt content.
Intimate Partner Violence, Anger, and Abandonment Schema in Nonclinical Japanese Undergraduate Students
Authors: Takebe Masaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) among adolescents is on the rise. Although anger and the abandonment schema have been found to be risk factors for IPV perpetration, little is known about their interaction with different types of IPV (e.g., violent and restraint control behavior) based on a cognitive‐behavioral perspective. In addition to examining these interactions, the present study also measured only the emotional aspect of anger, while previous studies measured anger as a multi‐component construct. A total of 97 nonclinical Japanese undergraduate students participated in this study. Results indicated that people with a high degree of abandonment schema tended to use violent control behavior. On the other hand, restraint control behavior was likely to be used if people had a high degree of abandonment schema and anger. The results suggested that targeting anger and the abandonment schema may be important for treating and preventing IPV. The utility of a cognitive‐behavioral perspective for the treatment and prevention of IPV perpetration is discussed.
Floral reorientation: the restoration of pollination accuracy after accidents
Authors: Armbruster W. Scott , Muchhala Nathan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPlants sometimes suffer mechanical injury. The nonlethal collapse of a flowering stalk, for example, can greatly reduce plant fitness if it leads to ‘incorrect’ floral orientation and thus reduced visitation or poor pollination. When floral orientation is important for accurate pollination, as has been suggested for bilaterally symmetrical flowers, we predict that such flowers should have developmental and/or behavioural mechanisms for restoring ‘correct’ orientation after accidents.We made observations and conducted experiments on 23 native and cultivated flowering plant species in Australia, South America, North America and Europe.We found that flowers with bilateral symmetry usually have the capacity to reorient after accidents, and that this is manifested through rapid bending and/or rotation of pedicels or sexual organs or slower peduncle bending. Floral reorientation restores pollination accuracy and fit with pollinators. However, experimental floral misorientation in eight species with radially symmetrical flowers showed that, with one exception, they had little capacity to reorient their flowers, in line with expectations that the orientation of radially symmetrical flowers does not substantially affect pollination accuracy.Our results suggest that quick corrective reorientation of bilaterally symmetrical flowers is adaptive, highlighting a little‐studied aspect of plant–pollinator interactions and plant evolution.
Reassessing plant glyoxalases: large family and expanding functions
Authors: Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. , Kaur Charanpreet , Kumar Brijesh , Pareek Ashwani , Sopory Sudhir K. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMethylglyoxal (MG), a reactive carbonyl compound, is generated during metabolism in living systems. However, under stress, its levels increase rapidly leading to cellular toxicity. Although the generation of MG is spontaneous in a cell, its detoxification is essentially catalyzed by the glyoxalase enzymes. In plants, modulation of MG content via glyoxalases influences diverse physiological functions ranging from regulating growth and development to conferring stress tolerance. Interestingly, there has been a preferred expansion in the number of isoforms of these enzymes in plants, giving them high plasticity in their actions for accomplishing diverse roles. Future studies need to focus on unraveling the interplay of these multiple isoforms of glyoxalases possibly contributing towards the unique adaptability of plants to diverse environments.
Interactions between macrophages and helminths
Authors: Coakley Gillian , Harris Nicola Laraine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacrophages, the major population of tissue‐resident mononuclear phagocytes, contribute significantly to the immune response during helminth infection. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) are induced early in the anti‐helminth response following tissue insult and parasite recognition, amplifying the early type 2 immune cascade initiated by epithelial cells and ILC2s, and subsequently driving parasite expulsion. AAM also contribute to functional alterations in tissues infiltrated with helminth larvae, mediating both tissue repair and inflammation. Their activation is amplified and occurs more rapidly following reinfection, where they can play a dual role in trapping tissue migratory larvae and preventing or resolving the associated inflammation and damage. In this review, we will address both the known and emerging roles of tissue macrophages during helminth infection, in addition to considering both outstanding research questions and new therapeutic strategies.