bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual versus institutional determinants of entrepreneurial entry
Authors: Amini Sedeh Amirmahmood , Beck Joseph , Forghani Bajestani Mahdi 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis cross-national study of entrepreneurship seeks to investigate the perceptual and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial entry. To do so, the authors distinguish between social and commercial entrepreneurial activities, taking the position that the concept of entrepreneurship is not a monolithic one.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a large cross-national data set and employ hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to run a multi-level analysis on individual-level data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and country-level data from Polity IV and GLOBE, representing 47 countries.FindingsIndividuals' perceptual characteristics (i.e. perceived self-efficacy, opportunity perception, and fear of failure) and informal institutions in the form of supportive cultures impact social entrepreneurship more strongly than commercial entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the formal institution of the rule of law, specifically the protection of property rights, is more conducive to commercial entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe results of this study contribute to theory by illuminating the complicated relationships between environmental conditions, individual-level psychological factors, and entrepreneurial decisions. Furthermore, the authors’ multi-level model contributes to a more detailed conceptualization of entrepreneurial entry by identifying institutional settings that facilitate commercial versus social entrepreneurship. The authors also clarify why commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship attract different types of individuals.
Threats from the air: Damselfly predation on diverse prey taxa
Authors: Kaunisto Kari M. , Roslin Tomas , Forbes Mark R. , Morrill Andre , Sääksjärvi Ilari E. , Puisto Anna I. E. , Lilley Thomas M. , Vesterinen Eero J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

To understand the diversity and strength of predation in natural communities, researchers must quantify the total amount of prey species in the diet of predators. Metabarcoding approaches have allowed widespread characterization of predator diets with high taxonomic resolution. To determine the wider impacts of predators, researchers should combine DNA techniques with estimates of population size of predators using mark–release–recapture (MRR) methods, and with accurate metrics of food consumption by individuals.

Herein, we estimate the scale of predation exerted by four damselfly species on diverse prey taxa within a well‐defined 12‐ha study area, resolving the prey species of individual damselflies, to what extent the diets of predatory species overlap, and which fraction of the main prey populations are consumed.

We identify the taxonomic composition of diets using DNA metabarcoding and quantify damselfly population sizes by MRR. We also use predator‐specific estimates of consumption rates, and independent data on prey emergence rates to estimate the collective predation pressure summed over all prey taxa and specific to their main prey (non‐biting midges or chironomids) of the four damselfly species.

The four damselfly species collectively consumed a prey mass equivalent to roughly 870 (95% CL 410–1,800) g, over 2 months. Each individual consumed 29%–66% (95% CL 9.4–123) of its body weight during its relatively short life span (2.1–4.7 days; 95% CL 0.74–7.9) in the focal population. This predation pressure was widely distributed across the local invertebrate prey community, including 4 classes, 19 orders and c. 140 genera. Different predator species showed extensive overlap in diets, with an average of 30% of prey shared by at least two predator species.

Of the available prey individuals in the widely consumed family Chironomidae, only a relatively small proportion (0.76%; 95% CL 0.35%–1.61%) were consumed.

Our synthesis of population sizes, per‐capita consumption rates and taxonomic distribution of diets identifies damselflies as a comparatively minor predator group of aerial insects. As the next step, we should add estimates of predation by larger odonate species, and experimental removal of odonates, thereby establishing the full impact of odonate predation on prey communities.
Sulphide addition favours respiratory ammonification (DNRA) over complete denitrification and alters the active microbial community in salt marsh sediments
Authors: Murphy Anna E. , Bulseco Ashley N. , Ackerman Ross , Vineis Joseph H. , Bowen Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe balance between nitrate respiration pathways, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate (NO3−) reduction to ammonium (DNRA), determines whether bioavailable nitrogen is removed as N2 gas or recycled as ammonium. Saltwater intrusion and organic matter enrichment may increase sulphate reduction leading to sulphide accumulation. We investigated the effects of sulphide on the partitioning of NO3− between complete denitrification and DNRA and the microbial communities in salt marsh sediments. Complete denitrification significantly decreased with increasing sulphide, resulting in an increase in the contribution of DNRA to NO3− respiration. Alternative fates of NO3− became increasingly important at higher sulphide treatments, which could include N2O production and/or transport into intracellular vacuoles. Higher 16S transcript diversity was observed in the high sulphide treatment, with clear shifts in composition. Generally, low and no sulphide, coupled with high NO3−, favoured the activity of Campylobacterales, Oceanospirillales and Altermonadales, all of which include opportunistic denitrifiers. High ∑sulphide conditions promoted the activity of potential sulphide oxidizing nitrate reducers (Desulfobulbaceae, Acidiferrobacteraceae and Xanthomonadales) and sulphate reducers (Desulfomonadaceae, Desulfobacteraceae). Our study highlights the tight coupling between N and S cycling, and the implications of these dynamics on the fate of bioavailable N in coastal environments susceptible to intermittent saltwater inundation and organic matter enrichment.
Alcohol and Bone Turnover Markers among People Living with HIV and Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Kim Theresa W. , Ventura Alicia S. , Winter Michael R. , Heeren Timothy C. , Holick Michael F. , Walley Alexander Y. , Bryant Kendall J. , Saitz Richard 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAlthough unhealthy alcohol use and low bone density are prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), it is not clear whether alcohol use is associated with bone turnover markers (BTMs), and if so, at what quantity and frequency. The study objective was to examine the association between alcohol and BTMs in PLWH with substance use disorder.MethodsWe studied a prospective cohort recruited from 2 HIV clinics who met criteria for DSM‐IV substance dependence or reported ever injection drug use. Outcomes were BTM of (i) bone formation (serum procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide [P1NP]) and (ii) bone resorption (serum C‐telopeptide type 1 collagen [CTx]). Alcohol consumption measures included (i) mean number of drinks/d (Timeline Follow‐Back [TLFB]) (primary predictor), (ii) any alcohol use on ≥20 of the past 30 days, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a biomarker of recent alcohol consumption. Linear regression analysis examined associations between (i) each alcohol measure and each BTM and (ii) change in alcohol and change in BTM over 12 months.ResultsAmong 198 participants, baseline characteristics were as follows: The median age was 50 years; 38% were female; 93% were prescribed antiretroviral medications; 13% had ≥20 drinking days/month; mean drinks/day was 1.93 (SD 3.89); change in mean drinks/day was −0.42 (SD 4.18); mean P1NP was 73.1 ng/ml (SD 34.5); and mean CTx was 0.36 ng/ml (SD 0.34). Higher drinks/day was significantly associated with lower P1NP (slope −1.09 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.94, −0.23, per each additional drink). On average, those who drank on ≥ 20 days/month had lower P1NP (−15.45 ng/ml; 95% CI: −26.23, −4.67) than those who did not. Similarly, PEth level ≥ 8ng/ml was associated with lower P1NP. An increase in drinks/d was associated with a decrease in P1NP nonsignificantly (−1.14; 95% CI: −2.40, +0.12; p = 0.08, per each additional drink). No significant associations were detected between either alcohol measure and CTx.ConclusionsIn this sample of PLWH with substance use disorder, greater alcohol consumption was associated with lower serum levels of bone formation markers.
From the State to the Shareholder: Rent and the Production of Shareholder Value in Real Estate
Authors: Tapp Renee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollowing the 2008 global financial crisis, the use of real estate tax credits to generate shareholder value for investors increased significantly. While tax credits are lauded as crucial to the delivery of social goods like affordable housing, the multiplier effects they supposedly generate fail to account for the hollowing out of the state that occurs as public funds are transferred to shareholders. Through a detailed case study of the historic tax credit industry in the United States, this research shows how many of the banks and financial institutions investing in tax credits have come to rely on overly engineered forms of landownership, deeply discounted credit pricing, and a wave of stock buybacks to boost their corporate profitability. This paper therefore develops a theoretical framework to understand taxation as a financialised accumulation strategy where the state serves as an important—if not problematic—source of real estate profit.
Collective reflective assessment for shared epistemic agency by undergraduates in knowledge building
Authors: Yang Yuqin , Chen Qianqian , Yu Yawen , Feng Xueqi , van Aalst Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examined the facilitation of shared epistemic agency through a knowledge‐building (KB) design that included analytics‐supported collective reflective assessment (AsCRA). Forty undergraduate students taking a Liberal Studies course at a university in central China used the promising ideas tool and the knowledge building discourse explorer to self‐analyze the online discourse they had created in Knowledge Forum® (KF), an online discourse environment; 34 students in a comparison section of the same course used KF but did not use the additional tools. Both classes were taught by the same teacher and studied the same inquiry topics. Multifaceted analysis of students' interaction in and the quality of discourse on KF, an educational online platform, indicated that analytics‐supported reflective assessment helped them to develop high‐level shared epistemic agency in the KB process. Qualitative analysis showed that AsCRA helped students to focus on high‐level goals (idea negotiation, synthesis of ideas and rise above thinking) in KB, and to engage in continuous assessment, reflection, and action planning to regulate and improve their discourse. The findings have important implications for the design of technology‐rich environments to support learners, and may help teachers identify the potential uses of such environments to encourage learners to engage in productive collaborative inquiry and develop metacognition and agency.
Testosterone replacement therapy reduces biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ahlering Thomas E. , My Huynh Linda , Towe Maxwell , See Kaelyn , Tran Joshua , Osann Kathryn , el Khatib Farouk M. , Yafi Faysal A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate risk of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in men receiving vs not receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).Patients and MethodsA total of 850 patients underwent RP by a single surgeon. All patients had preoperative testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin levels determined; free testosterone was calculated prospectively. In all, 152 (18%) patients with low preoperative calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels and delayed postoperative sexual function recovery were placed on TRT and proportionately matched to 419 control patients by pathological Gleason Grade Group (GGG) and stage. Rates and time to BCR [two consecutive prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels of ≥0.2 ng/mL] were compared in univariate and multivariate regression; Cox regression was used to generate a survival function at the mean of covariates.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 3.5 years. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics or general health complications between groups. BCR occurred in 11/152 (7.2%) and 53/419 (12.6%) patients in the TRT and control groups, respectively. In adjusted time‐to‐event analysis, TRT was an independent predictor of recurrence‐free survival. After accounting for GGG, pathological stage, preoperative PSA level, and cFT, patients on TRT were ~54% less likely to recur (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.292–0.997). In men destined to recur, TRT delayed time to recurrence by an average of 1.5 years.ConclusionIn our experience, TRT after RP significantly reduced BCR and delayed time to BCR. There was no identifiable general health complications associated with TRT. These findings are hypothesis‐generating and require confirmation with multi‐centred, prospective randomised controlled trials.
Bortezomib washout duration prior to stem cell mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Luttwak Efrat , Amit Odelia , Avivi Irit , Trestman Svetlana , Eshel Rinat , Cohen Yael C. , Ram Ron 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the impact of washout period in patients with multiple myeloma between bortezomib‐based induction regimens and the collection of stem cells.MethodsThis was a single‐center historical prospective study, including all sequential newly diagnosed patients with myeloma between 2012 and 2017 that were given a first‐line bortezomib‐based induction therapy (≤6 cycles) followed by stem cell collection (n = 75).ResultsWe found a statistically significant correlation between the days from last dose of bortezomib and both CD34+ cells/kg yield on the first collection day and the overall collected CD34+ cells/kg (r = .466, P < .001, and r = .341, P = .03, respectively). The optimal receiver operating curve's cutoff point was 8.5 days (79% sensitivity and 71% specificity, P = .001). On multivariate analysis, timing of last dose of bortezomib remained statistically significant (P = .01). Based on this, we developed a model to predict the total collected CD34+ cells/kg = 11.76 + 0.13 (timing in days of last dose of bortezomib) −0.1 (age) −1.39 (if female) −0.01 (≥PR) −1.35 (if prior radiation).ConclusionsTiming of last dose of bortezomib may predict a successful collection. A washout period of 9 days is associated with a better collection yield. A prospective validation of this novel finding is required.
The understanding of mental states and the cognitive phenotype of frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Giovagnoli Anna Rita , Tallarita Giulia Maria , Parente Annalisa , Pastori Chiara , de Curtis Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies of frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) have documented different impairments of theory of mind (ToM), while the study of frontal lobe (FL) lesion without seizures has produced inconsistent results. Given the role played by the FLs in ToM, we evaluated this and other functions in patients with FLE with and without FL lesions. The main objective was to clarify the salience of ToM impairment in the cognitive pattern of FLE and its capacity to discriminate these patients from healthy subjects. The effects of FL lesions on ToM were also explored.MethodsSeventy‐five adult patients with FLE (40 cases with FL lesions) were compared with 42 healthy controls. The Faux Pas Task (FPT) and other neuropsychological tests were utilized to assess ToM, reasoning, language, memory, praxis, attention, and executive abilities.ResultsThe patients obtained lower z scores for the FPT than for other tests. The ToM, Executive, and Verbal factors discriminated patients from healthy subjects. The patients with or without FL lesion showed significant impairments in recognizing and understanding others' epistemic and affective mental states, but adequate capacity to exclude inexistent mental states was retained. In comparison with controls, the patients with FL lesions obtained lower scores for lexical, memory, praxis, attention, and executive functions, whereas those without lesion only showed attention and initiative deficits. Schooling was the major predictor of ToM, whereas the capacity to exclude inexistent mental states was related to seizure onset age and epilepsy duration. Other cognitive functions were related to schooling, age, or FLE laterality.SignificanceImpaired understanding of real mental states is a specific, salient, and discriminating cognitive aspect of FLE. Poor education is a risk factor for ToM deficit, whereas the clinical variables and FL lesions have no impact. These results suggest that impaired ToM may be a marker of FLE neurobehavioral phenotype.
Egg‐induced changes to sperm phenotypes shape patterns of multivariate selection on ejaculates
Authors: Hadlow Jessica H. , Evans Jonathan P. , Lymbery Rowan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic diversity and rapid rates of evolution, yet the adaptive value of most sperm traits remains equivocal. Recent findings suggest that to understand how selection targets ejaculates, we must recognize that female‐imposed physiological conditions often alter sperm phenotypes. These phenotypic changes may influence the relationships among sperm traits and their association with fitness. Here, we show that chemical substances released by eggs (known to modify sperm physiology and behaviour) alter patterns of selection on a suite of sperm traits in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. We use multivariate selection analyses to characterize linear and nonlinear selection acting on sperm traits in (a) seawater alone and (b) seawater containing egg‐derived chemicals (egg water). Our analyses revealed that nonlinear selection on canonical axes of multiple traits (notably sperm velocity, sperm linearity and percentage of motile sperm) was the most important form of selection overall, but importantly these patterns were only evident when sperm phenotypes were measured in egg water. These findings reveal the subtle way that females can alter patterns of selection, with the implication that overlooking environmentally moderated changes to sperm, may result in erroneous interpretations of how selection targets phenotypic (co)variation in sperm traits.
A Decade Review of Sex and Partnering in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Olmstead Spencer B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation and development of romantic relationships continues to be an important area of study among adolescent and young adult populations. Although many adolescents and young adults report having committed romantic relationship experiences, which may or may not include sexual activity, research has grown during the past decade to study a variety of sexual experiences and relationship types. Consistent with identity formation and exploration and the opportunity for experimentation, adolescents and young adults also engage in a variety of casual sexual relationships and experiences. The past decade saw a dramatic growth in the study of casual sex and in particular hooking‐up experiences. Furthermore, scholars have begun to examine more fully young adults' attitudes toward and willingness to engage in consensually nonmonogamous relationships; however, little research has examined actual involvement in consensually nonmonogamous relationships among those in young adulthood. As with previous decade reviews, ongoing attention regarding how adolescent experiences serve to inform relationships and sex during the period of young adulthood is warranted. Directions for future research are identified and discussed.
Peer Support Intervention Improves Pain‐Related Outcomes Among Rural Adults With Diabetes and Chronic Pain at 12‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Khodneva Yulia , Richman Joshua , Andreae Susan , Cherrington Andrea , Safford Monika M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeAdults with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer often from chronic pain, yet evidence‐based interventions for comorbid pain and DM are scarce. We tested the effect of a peer‐led cognitive behavioral training (CBT) intervention on pain self‐efficacy (PSE), pain intensity, and pain‐related functional limitations (PRFL) in adults with DM, 1 year after trial initiation.MethodsThe yearlong “Living Healthy” cluster‐randomized trial included 230 residents of rural Alabama with DM, who reported pain in the past month; communities were treated as clusters. Intervention participants received a peer‐delivered 8‐session structured CBT intervention in the context of diabetes self‐management; attention control arm participants received a peer‐delivered 8‐session general health education program. Outcomes included PSE (Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale, range 10‐100); pain intensity (McGill Pain Questionnaire, range 0‐45); and PRFL (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale, range 0‐100). We examined control‐intervention differences in changes in outcome scores from baseline to 3‐month and 12‐month follow‐up, adjusted for clustering.FindingsThe 195 participants with follow‐up data were aged 59 ± 10.4 years, 96% were African American, 79% were women, and 80% reported pain on the day of baseline data collection. At 3‐month follow‐up, PSE increased more for intervention (21‐point increase) than control (5‐point increase) participants (P for control‐intervention (C‐I) difference in change < .001); pain intensity decreased for both groups; and PRFL decreased only for intervention participants (–11 score; P for C‐I difference in change < .001). Results were sustained at 12 months, and pain intensity significantly improved in only the intervention arm (P for C‐I difference in change = .01).ConclusionsThis peer‐delivered CBT intervention improved pain self‐efficacy, pain‐related functional limitations, and pain intensity over 12 months among rural participants with DM and chronic pain.