bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of historical and future land‐use–land‐cover changes and their impact on valuation of ecosystem services in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Manish , Acharya Suwash Chandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEcosystems provide vital services to humans, which are regulated by the underlying ecological processes. Because of rapid population growth and urbanization, land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) changes ultimately impact the services an ecosystem can offer. The LULC of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal have been altered due to urbanization, which is further expected to change in the future. However, a quantitative assessment of LULC impact on ecosystem services has not been undertaken. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts affecting the ecosystem services values (ESV) in the Kathmandu Valley due to historical and projected LULC changes. We used satellite‐based datasets to assess LULC changes in the past, and Dyna‐CLUE to model future LULC changes. The benefit transfer approach was used to estimate ESV and their changes across time. Results confirmed the increase in urban area of 3.4% per year. This led to declining ESV from 1990 (US$ 231 million) to 2010 (US$ 205 million), which is predicted to decline further (US$ 157 million in 2050); on average US$ 12.3–13.2 million every decade u 1990 2050. This loss in ESV was dominated by the decline in agricultural land (40%, US$ 46.9 million), followed by deforestation (11%, US$ 11.1 million ). Development (like urbanization) often overlooks the values from ecosystem services (ES), but ES quantification serves as a tool to make appropriate decisions during those changes. As shown in this study, ESV can be effectively quantified via application of a parsimonious approach by utilizing globally available datasets. This is especially more important for the data scarce regions of developing countries that are undergoing rapid changes.
NOTCH1: Review of its role in lymphatic development and study of seven families with rare pathogenic variants
Authors: Michelini Sandro , Ricci Maurizio , Serrani Roberta , Barati Shila , Kenanoglu Sercan , Veselenyiova Dominika , Kurti Danjela , Baglivo Mirko , Basha Syed Hussain , Priya Sasi , Dautaj Astrit , Dundar Munis , Krajcovic Juraj , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe developed a Next‐Generation‐Sequencing (NGS) protocol to screen the most frequent genetic variants related to lymphedema and a group of candidate genes. The aim of the study was to find the genetic cause of lymphedema in the analyzed patients.MethodsWe sequenced a cohort of 246 Italian patients with lymphatic malformations. In the first step, we analyzed genes known to be linked to lymphedema: 235 out of 246 patients tested negative for the most frequent variants and underwent testing for variants in a group of candidate genes, including the NOTCH1 gene, selected from the database of mouse models. We also performed in silico analysis to observe molecular interactions between the wild‐type and the variant amino acids and other protein residues.ResultsSeven out of 235 probands, five with sporadic and two with familial lymphedema, were found to carry rare missense variants in the NOTCH1 gene.ConclusionsOur results propose that NOTCH1 could be a novel candidate for genetic predisposition to lymphedema.
Is 4‐month‐old infants' night waking affected by mothers' responses to them? A cross‐sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Hazumi Megumi , Nakajima Shun , Adachi Yoshiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between night waking frequency in 3‐ to 4‐month‐old infants and mothers' response to them.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SampleWe examined 663 mothers of infants aged 3–5 months who attended regular health checks for 4 months at 7 public health centres in Japan between September 2006 and March 2007.MeasurementsMother‐reported questionnaires were used, measuring the frequency of infants' night waking and four types of responses by mothers. Using multiple regression, the association between number of wakings and each response was evaluated adjusting for covariates, that is mother's (e.g. feelings of worry and bed‐sharing) and infant's (e.g. age and sex) demographic variables.ResultsThe number of wakings was related to “immediately feeding and/or checking diapers” (β = 0.16, p = .002).This response to infants' night waking may be associated with night waking frequency.ConclusionModifying caregiver responses to infants' night waking by reducing immediate feeding or diaper checks could improve infants' night waking frequency.
Self‐assembled micelles prepared from poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers for sustained release of valsartan
Authors: Zhu Qingzhen , Zhang Baogang , Wang Yuandou , Liu Xinghua , Li Weiwei , Su Feng , Li Suming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA‐PEG) diblock copolymers with different compositions were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐lactide and glycolide, using monomethoxy PEG as macro‐initiator. The resulting copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and critical micelle concentration analyses. Self‐assembly of the copolymers yielded aggregates of different architectures, including spherical micelles and a mixture of spherical and worm‐like micelles with Y‐junctions. The self‐assembled architecture depends on both the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and the molar mass of copolymers. Valsartan, a widely used drug in the treatment of hypertension, was loaded in micelles using a co‐solvent evaporation method. High drug‐loading content was obtained for worm‐like micelles. in vitro drug release was performed at 37°C in pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffered saline. An initial burst release is detected in all cases, followed by slower release up to 9 days. The overall release rate is strongly dependent on the degradation of micelles. Copolymers with short PLGA blocks exhibit faster drug release due to faster degradation of micelles, and worm‐like micelles present slower drug release as compared to spherical ones. Therefore, PLGA‐PEG copolymer micelles with high drug‐loading capacity, different architectures, and variable drug release rates could be most attractive for sustained delivery of valsartan.
Microstructure and orientation evolution of microinjection molded β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Zhao Zhongguo , Zhou Shengtai , Hrymak Andrew N. , Kamal Musa R. , Ai Taotao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe influence of different shear stresses induced by changing injection molding speeds on molecular chain orientation and lamellar branching of β‐nucleated iPP/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) microparts was investigated using two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and 2D‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Results indicated that the prevailing shear stress can promote the formation of parent–daughter α‐crystal structure and twisted shish–kebab structure in subsequent microparts. The diffraction of (300) plane of β‐crystals was also observed at varying injection speeds. Increasing injection speeds can significantly enhance the content of β‐crystals from 24 to 41% for β‐nucleated iPP microparts. Additionally, the content of β‐crystals was further enhanced in β‐nucleated iPP/PET microparts with in situ formation of PET microfibrils under intensive shearing conditions. The addition of both PET and β‐nucleation agents coupling with high shearing conditions exerts a synergetic effect on the development of β‐crystals. However, the orientation degree of crystal lattice decreased with increasing injection speeds for both β‐nucleated iPP and iPP/PET microparts.
Synthesis of α‐1,3‐ and β‐1,3‐glucan esters with carbon–carbon double bonds and their surface modification
Authors: Hori Yuki , Enomoto Yukiko , Kimura Satoshi , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstractα‐1,3‐glucan and β‐1,3‐glucan esters with carbon–carbon double bonds (C=C), namely, α‐1,3‐glucan butenoate (α13GB) and β‐1,3‐glucan butenoate (β13GB), were synthesized from 3‐butenoic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride. NMR analysis of the two esters revealed that the 3‐butenoyl groups were partially transformed to 2‐butenoyl groups. The total degree of substitution (DStotal) of the esters was calculated to be 3.0. According to gel permeation chromatography analysis, α13GB had a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.2 × 105 and β13GB had an Mw of 11.0 × 105, which was unexpectedly higher than that of the original glucan. This suggests that the β13GB chains were partially and intramolecularly crosslinked via the C=C bond. The α13GB and β13GB obtained had thermal degradation temperatures of 398 and 375 °C, respectively, and glass transition temperatures of 117 and 119 °C, respectively, which were higher than those of the corresponding saturated glucan butyrates. The surfaces of cast films of the esters were modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecanethiol, n‐dodecyl mercaptan or 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol via thiol‐ene reactions. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the surface of α13GB was more successfully modified with these thiol compounds than that of β13GB. The water contact angle of the surface of each cast film was measured to evaluate its hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and indicated the successful surface modification of the film by the thiol compounds © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Demonstration and error analysis of scaling‐up plastic‐integrated concentrator photovoltaic panels to 1 m2
Authors: Lee Kan‐Hua , Hayashi Nobuhiko , Takase Michihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlastic lens integrated III‐V compound semiconductor cell (PIC) modules or other microconcentrator/miniconcentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules reduce the volume and weight of CPV modules to a size comparable to flat panel photovoltaics. However, the areal density of solar cells and lenses in a PIC or other micro‐mini‐CPV modules significantly increases by at least an order of magnitude, which raises the required precision and consistency of the module assembling, because a slightly misaligned solar cell can limit the current of the whole circuit and inhibit the performance of the full module. In this study, we presented the results of a 1 m2 module consisting of 2025 solar cells with a direct‐normal‐irradiance efficiency of more than 30%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest area for a CPV module with a height of less than 5 cm reported so far. To quantify the different causes of misalignment, we proposed a probabilistic analysis to model how these errors affect the performance of the CPV module. The results show that the dominant error of the PIC module is attributed to around 0.5° misaligned orientation between the unit modules. This analysis approach can also be applied to other types of micro‐CPV modules.
Accumulation of Good Intentions: How Individual Practice Guidelines Lead to Polypharmacy in the Treatment of Patients with Polytrauma
Authors: Brown‐Taylor Lindsey , Jaramillo Carlos , Eapen Blessen C. , Kretzmer Tracy , Gavin Lindsey P. , Cooper Tyler , Pugh Mary J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolytrauma clinical triad (PCT) is the comorbid occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and pain after trauma. No clinical practice guidelines for postacute care of patients with PCT currently exist; instead, clinical practice guidelines have been published for the three conditions (TBI, PTSD, and pain) as distinct clinical entities. Using multiple, individual practice guidelines for a patient with PCT may lead to unintended prescription of multiple and potentially adversely interacting medications (ie, polypharmacy). Polypharmacy, especially that which includes central nervous system‐acting medications, may lead to overdose, suicidality, and chronic symptomatology. Current individual guidelines for each condition of PCT do not address how to coordinate care for the polytraumatic diagnosis. The purpose of this Practice Management piece is to describe the unintended consequences of polypharmacy in patients with PCT and to discuss mitigation approaches including rational prescribing, nonpharmacologic alternatives, and interdisciplinary coordination.
An Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Interventional Ultrasound Training in Canadian Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Programs
Authors: Amatto Michael D. , Rambaransingh Brian , Yu Jaime C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is a rapidly evolving field of medicine with strong utility in musculoskeletal practices. In Canadian physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs there are no national standards for objectives of training in this area. This possible disconnection between demand and availability could lead to gaps in education.Objective(1) To determine the current state of interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) training in Canadian PM&R residency programs, as perceived by both residents and program directors; (2) to evaluate the perspectives of experts in the field on current and future MSUS curriculum inclusion.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional cohort study using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design.SettingThis project included anonymous online surveys and targeted telephone/in‐person semistructured interviews.ParticipantsParticipants were Canadian PM&R residents or clinicians. Survey responses included 71 residents and nine program directors. Interviews were conducted with nine MSUS experts.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcome measures included residents' level of interest, amount of exposure, and barriers to training. Themes regarding resident exposure and future directions for MSUS training were obtained based on expert interviews.ResultsThe vast majority (97%) of current PM&R residents are interested in using ultrasound clinically, with 73% reporting having had “none” to “limited exposure” in MSUS. Expert interviews revealed four major themes: (1) appropriate training is dependent on access, (2) MSUS represents an emerging standard of care, (3) a minimal baseline level of competence should be expected, and (4) various strategies may be used to integrate basic MSUS into existing residency curriculums.ConclusionsThe use of ultrasound as a clinical tool is rapidly increasing. Current PM&R residents have a desire to incorporate this skill into their future practices. Although barriers exist to implementing this training on a national level, the future looks promising with multiple strategies outlined to assist the process.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide among veterans with prostate cancer
Authors: Aboumrad Maya , Shiner Brian , Mucci Lorelei , Neupane Nabin , Schroeck Florian R. , Klaassen Zachary , Freedland Stephen J. , Young‐Xu Yinong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a preexisting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis on suicide and non‐suicide mortalities among men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and examine potential mediating factors for the relationship between PTSD and suicide.MethodsWe used patient‐level data from Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records to identify men (age ≥40 years) diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 and 2014. We used Fine and Gray regression model to estimate the risk for competing mortality outcomes (suicide, non‐suicide, and alive). We used structural equation models to evaluate the mediating factors.ResultsOur cohort comprised 214,649 men with prostate cancer, of whom 12,208 (5.7%) had a preexisting PTSD diagnosis. Patients with PTSD compared to those without utilized more healthcare services and had lower risk cancer at diagnosis. Additionally, they experienced more suicide deaths (N = 26, 0.21% vs. N = 269, 0.13%) and fewer non‐suicide deaths (N = 1399, 11.5% vs. N = 45,625, 22.5%). On multivariable analysis, PTSD was an independent suicide risk factor (HR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.78). Depression, substance use disorder, and any definitive prostate cancer treatment were partial mediators. However, PTSD was associated with lower non‐suicide mortality risk (HR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96).ConclusionPatients with PTSD experienced greater suicide risk even after adjusting for important mediators. They may have experienced lower non‐suicide mortality risk due to favorable physical health resulting from greater healthcare service use and early diagnosis of lower risk cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of considering psychiatric illnesses when treating patients with prostate cancer and the need for interventions to ameliorate suicide risk.
Fear of cancer recurrence, supportive care needs, and the utilization of psychosocial services in cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional survey in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Man Chung , Cheng Hui Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the top‐ranked psychological concern in cancer survivors. We examined the prevalence of FCR and the relationships among FCR, supportive care needs, and the utilization of psychosocial services among Chinese cancer survivors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, correlational study included 311 cancer survivors within 5 years of survivorship in Hong Kong. The participants were invited to complete an online survey: the Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form to assess FCR; the 34‐item Supportive Care Needs‐Short Form to assess supportive care needs, and a self‐constructed questionnaire to assess psychosocial services utilization. A score of ≥34 indicated FCR. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf the participants surveyed, 38.3% were classified as having FCR. The most frequently reported supportive care needs in five domains were in the psychological domain (M = 39.5; SD = 27.6), followed by the health system and information domain (M = 38.6, SD = 26.9). Of the three categories of psychosocial services, informational/educational healthcare services were the most frequently utilized (81%), while the least utilized services were mental health/psychological well‐being support (46.9%). FCR was a consistent factor that was associated with needs in five domains (b = 8.73–39.58, all p < 0.001). However, FCR was not associated with any of the three categories of psychosocial services utilization.ConclusionFCR is frequent in cancer survivors. FCR may play an important role in supportive care needs, but not in psychosocial services utilization. There is an increasing demand to bridge the service gap between the need for and the use of mental health and psychological well‐being services.
Biofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles impair cognitive function via modulating oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase level in mice
Authors: Yadav Ekta , Yadav Pankajkumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrent work was designed to explore the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP) biofabricated by using Trianthema portulacastrum (TP) leaves extract on mice brain hippocampus. ZnO nanoparticles of TP leaves (ZnOTP) were synthesized by co‐precipitation method and further characterized by using various techniques such as UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX). ZnOTP were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, in vivo behavior models (for assessment of cognitive ability), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity along with other neurotransmitters content determination, estimation of various oxidative stress parameters and analysis of zinc content in the brain as well as plasma. Histopathological evaluation of the brain hippocampus of each group was performed to corroborate the statistical results. Spherical ZnOTP of 10 to 20 nm size embedded with different phytoconstituents of TP was confirmed. Results of our study revealed a significant memory deficit in mice treated with ZnOTP. Neuronal degeneration was also observed via a significant increase in AChE activity and oxidative stress levels in the brain of mice administered with ZnOTP. Exposure of ZnOTP was also found responsible for modulation of neurotransmission in hippocampus area. Further, ZnOTP disturbed the zinc homeostasis in hippocampus via elevation of zinc content in brain as well as plasma. Histopathology of hippocampus supported the damaging impact of ZnOTP by an increase in vacuolated cytoplasm and focal gliosis in groups treated with ZnOTP. Results demonstrated the neurotoxic effect of ZnOTP on brain hippocampus via cognitive impairment by alteration of neurotransmitter level, zinc content and oxidative stress.
Quantification, distribution, and effects of di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate contamination: Risk analysis and mitigation strategies in urban environment
Authors: Shivaraju Harikaranahalli Puttaiah , Yashas Shivamurthy Ravindra , Harini Revanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhthalate acid ester, di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitously detected contaminant of emerging concerns (CECs) in all the environmental samples. The present study attempted to understand the fate and transport of DEHP in urban areas by evaluating the quantities, distribution, risk, and effects in the Mysuru city, India. The study is anticipated to serve as a vital document for local and national regulators to frame a robust DEHP management plan and mitigate the risks associated. Liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis was adopted to determine the concentrations of DEHP. The risk quotient method was adopted to assess potential risk, and a conceptual planning model framework was designed to mitigate the DEHP contamination. The municipal wastewater contained 115 ± 9.2 μg/L, whereas treated municipal wastewater showed 95 ± 7.6 μg/L DEHP that was attributed to the inefficiency of the treatment plant. Further, sediments in surface water, as well as groundwater samples of the study area, showed 8 ± 0.64 to 12 ± 0.96 μg/L and 32 ± 2.56 to 40 ± 3.2 μg/kg of DEHP, respectively. The risk quotient of 19.17 for samples in around treatment indicated highest risk, whereas groundwater samples had a risk quotient of 1–2 indicating relative risk to aquatic organisms. In addition, the study highlighted the source, possible entry pathways, and management strategies including treatment aspects to draw an understanding of the distribution and potential ecological imbalances with contamination of DEHP in the urban sector.Practitioner points

Understand the fate and transportation of DEHP in urban wastewater.

Primary investigation and assessment to possible health and environmental risks of DEHP contamination in urban wastewater.

Revealed the associated health risks and proposed possible management strategies.