bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study
Authors: Srithum Werayuth , Kabayama Mai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Akagi Yuya , Klinpudtan Nonglak , Kiyoshige Eri , Godai Kayo , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Ogawa Madoka , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing older people make a cognitive impairment is a major health concerns among older and oldest people. Moreover, the stroke is a relevant contribution for cognitive decline and development of dementia.The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people.
Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan.The participants were1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up.
Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up.
Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was associated with decline of the score after 3-year, but it was not supposed to be risk.The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from CLHLS study
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Meiliyang , Cui Jinrui , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye , Zeng Tieying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to risk of frailty. However, there are limited data for evaluating the potential association of Vitamin D with frailty in a longevous (80+) population. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and risk of frailty among Chinese oldest-old in the communities.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data compiled by the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n=1324) was extracted. Frailty was assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. Multivariate logistic regression and spine smoothing with threshold effect analysis were performed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D level and risk of frailty after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, health characteristics and confounding biomarkers.
Results: The mean age was 92.89 ± 7.92 years, and 844(63.7%) of participants were women. In all, 426 (33.2%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 29.66-34.69) frail participants were recorded . After adjustment for confounding covariates, the level of 25(OH)D was significantly related to frailty. By the spline smoothing with threshold effect analysis, a monotonically negative association between 25(OH)D and frailty was identified. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association did not differ by gender and age.
Conclusions : 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the risk of frailty among the Chinese community-based oldest-old.
Objective evaluation of postoperative changes in real-life activity levels in the postoperative course of lumbar spinal surgery using wearable trackers
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Orita Sumihis , Inage Kazuhide , Suzuki Miyako , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Kanamoto Hirohito , Abe Koki , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Norimoto Masaki , Umimura Tomotaka , Sato Takashi , Sato Masashi , Suzuki Masahiro , Enomoto Keigo , Eguchi Yawara , Akazawa Tsutomu , Aoki Yasuchika , Kawasaki Yohei , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Lumbar spinal disease causes disabilities in performing daily activities. Operative treatments are aimed at pain relief and rapid return to routine activity. Patient-based outcome measures are used to evaluate pathologies and therapeutic effects associated with lumbar spinal disease. However, it remains unknown how much such treatment improves the activity levels. The purpose of current study was to evaluate the changes in activity levels before and after lumbar spinal surgery using a wearable activity tracker and to compare the relationship between the results and the patient-based outcomes. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent lumbar surgery were studied. The physical activity of participants was objectively evaluated using a wearable Micro-Motion logger system (Actigraph). We measured the amount of activity before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery to evaluate postoperative changes. Additionally, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Visual analog scale were used to assess patient-based outcomes of pain and ADL-related scores and the corresponding relationships with the actual activity levels were evaluated. Results: The amount of actual activity decreased significantly 1 month after the surgery compared to that during the preoperative period, which then improved after 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant improvement 6 months after the surgery compared to that during the preoperative period (p < 0.05). Moreover, the change in activity amount for each period was strongly correlated, regardless of the period. In contrast, a significant improvement was observed at 1 month after the surgery in almost all items of the patient-based questionnaires (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The objective activity tracker demonstrated that lumbar surgery results in the amount of activity decreasing 1 month just after surgery followed by gradual postoperative recovery within 3 months. In contrast, patient-based outcomes showed improvement in 1 month, which was significantly different from the change in actual activity, indicating the gap between the patient-oriented clinical score and their actual activities.
Prevalence of Myopia and Vision Impairment in School Students in Eastern China
Authors: wang jianyong , Ying Gui-shuang , Fu Xiaojin , Zhang Ronghua , Meng Jia , Gu Fang , Li Juanjuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Prevention of myopia has become a public health priority in China. This study is to investigate the prevalence of myopia and vision impairment, and their associated factors in school students in eastern China.

Method: In this cross-sectional school-based study of 4801 students from 16 schools ranging from kindergarten to high school, students underwent refraction using non-cycloplegic autorefractor and visual acuity testing using logMAR chart with tumbling E. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SPHE) ≤ -0.5 diopter (D) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 20/25 or worse. High myopia was defined as SPHE ≤ -6.0 D and UCVA 20/25 or worse. Vision impairment was defined as UCVA 20/40 or worse. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with myopia and vision impairment.

Results: Among 4801 children (55% male) with mean age (standard deviation) 12.3 (3.8) years, 3030 (63.1%, 95% CI: 61.7-64.5%) had myopia, 452 (9.4%, 95% CI: 8.6-10.3%) had high myopia, and 2644 (55.1%, 95% CI: 53.7-56.5%) had vision impairment. The prevalence rate of myopia increased with grade in a non-linear manner, 12% in kindergarten, 32% in grade 2, 69% in grade 5, and approximately 90% by grade 10 or above. The prevalence rate of high myopia was relatively low in grade 4 or below (<1.5%), 4-7% in grade 5 to 7, 13-15% in grade 8-9, and >20% in grade 10 to 12. The prevalence rate of vision impairment was 4% in kindergarten, 37% in elementary school, 77% in middle school and 87% in high school students. Higher grade (p<0.0001), female (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p=0.007) were independently associated with higher prevalence rates of myopia and vision impairment, while higher grade (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p<0.0001) were independently associated with higher prevalence of high myopia.

Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia and vision impairment was high among Chinese school students and increased with grade in a non-linear manner, reaching alarming high in high school students accompanied by high prevalence of high myopia. Increasing study burden on school students at younger age plays an important role on the higher prevalence rate of myopia and vision impairment.
Does urethral length affect continence outcomes following robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP)?
Authors: Lin Diwei , O'Callaghan Michael E , David Rowan , Fuller Andrew , Wells Richard , Sutherland Peter , Foreman Darren 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-operative urinary incontinence is a significant concern for patients choosing to undergo a radical prostatectomy (RP) for treatment of prostate cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-operative MUL on 12 month continence outcomes in men having robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).
Methods: We use the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA-PCCOC) database, to identify 602 patients who had undergone RALP by a high volume surgeon. Only patients who received an assessment and education by a specialist pelvic floor physiotherapist, had completed EPIC questionnaires before treatment and did not have radiotherapy treatment within 12 months of surgery were included. MUL measurements were taken from pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The short-form version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) was used to measure continence outcomes. Continence was defined as 100/100 in the EPIC-26 Urinary Continence domain score.
Results: The observed median MUL in this study was 14.6mm. There was no association between MUL and baseline continence. MUL was associated with continence at 12 months post RALP (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.21, p=0.0098). In men who were continent before surgery, MUL was associated with return to continence at 12 months after RALP (OR 1.15, 1.05-1.28, p=0.006). MUL was also associated with change in continence after surgery (β=1.22, p=0.002).
Conclusions: MUL had no effect on baseline continence but had a positive and significant association with continence outcomes over 12 months post RALP.
Antibiotics stewardship in Ghana: a cross-sectional study of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices
Authors: Jimah Tamara , Fenny Ama P. , Ogunseitan Oladele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.
Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with Reversible Splenial Lesion (MERS) due to Acute Intermittent Porphyria with a novel mutation in the porphobinoglien deaminase gene
Authors: li xiaoqing , han fei , chen qianlong , zhu tienan , zhao yongqiang , yu xuezhong , zhu huadong , cao jian , yang jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by a reversible isolated lesion with transiently reduced diffusion in the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). The reason for MERS is unknown. however, infectious-related MERS (in particular virus) remains the most common cause of reversible splenial lesions. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the third enzyme in the of hemebiosynthetic pathway. It can affect the autonomic, peripheral, and central nervous system. Result: In this study, we report a 20-year-old woman with AIP who presented with MR manifestations suggestive of MERS, she had a novel PBGD splicing mutation, a G to A mutation in base 594 resulting in tryptophan to a stop codon (W198*). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is only one published case of MERS associated with AIP.
Transcriptome profiling provides new insights into florets number difference of inflorescence in lavandula angustifolia﻿
Authors: hao haiping , zhu xiao pei , Li Hui , Gong Jian , Farooq Amjad , Shi Lei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Lavender flowers essential oil had been for a variety of therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, and had been popular for centuries. The previous studies of lavender mainly focused on essential oil composition and extraction methods, ignoring the factors which affected the production of essential oils, such as the floret number. This study aims to get a deeper insight into florets number difference mechanism. Results Hormone profile showed positive correlation between ABA content and the number of florets while IAA was negatively correlated. RNA-Seq results showed that 2848 differentially expressed genes screened by comparing different florets samples in one plant. By analyzing dynamic changes of differentially expressed genes, many potentially interesting genes were identified that encoded putative regulators or key components of ABA metabolism and signaling transduction, such as NCED, PYL, PP2C, SnRK2. These genes were highlighted to reveal their importance in regulation of florets numbers. Conclusions 1. The different ABA concentrations lead to florets difference in the Lavandula angustifolia “JX-2” clusters; 2. ABA may affect the florets number by regulating IAA transport and accumulation. The results will be useful for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism on florets number difference that could be laid the foundation for molecular breeding of muti-flortes varieties.
Comparison of transversus abdominis plan block and quadratus lumborum block for postoerative pain control following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kacan Merve , Gulec Handan , kosar berrin , ilhan seda , Horasanli Eyup 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo compare Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) and Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) blocks for postoperative pain control following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Study and Design Prospective randomized head-to-head clinical trial. Methods A total of 60 patients who were set to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly separated into two groups. QLB was preoperatively applied to 30 patients and TAP block was also applied to 30 patients. A record was made of the intraoperative additional fentanyl dose, and at postoperative 0-1-2-4-6-12-24 hours, records were made of cumulative morphine consumption, number of morphine requests, VAS values, shoulder pain, heartrate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, SpO2, sedation score (Ramsey scale), itching, nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, and other complications.Results In the examination of intraoperative additional fentanyl use, there was no requirement for additional fentanyl in 86.7% of the QLB group, while in 60% of the TAP group, there was seen to be at least one dose of additional fentanyl required. At all timepoints between 0 and 24 hours postoperatively, the cumulative morphine requests and morphine consumption values were significantly lower in the QLB group than in the TAP group. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with respect to nausea, vomiting, sedation, and itching as morphine-related side effects.Conclusion Morphine consumption was significantly lower in patients who underwent QLB procedure at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours compared to the TAP group. In general, effective analgesia was provided by both methods, but more effective analgesia was determined to have been provided in the QLB group compared to the TAP group, and thus QLB can be preferable to TAP.
Cell-division pattern and phylogenetic position of a new ciliate genus Parasincirra n. g. (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with report of a new soil species, P. sinica n. sp. found from northwest China
Authors: Shao Chen , Ma Jiyang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Tengyue , Al-Rasheid Khaled A.S. , Song Weibo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Ciliated species, unicellular eukaryotes, are extremely diverse and occupy a very broad spectrum of ecological niches. Even though there is a growing recognition that enormous ciliates associates with key ecosystem processes in different niches, their diversity is not well understood. One reason is that ciliates are very tiny and may often be overlooked in routine biodiversity survey. Furthermore, the morphological and genetic diversity of ciliates per se is vast and dwarfs that among other multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present the study of a new stichotrichid ciliate, Parasincirra sinica n. g., n. sp. based on classical living morphology, infraciliature, ontogenesis analyses and a comprehensive phylogenetic study, and enhance understanding of ciliates diversity in sludge soil.Results: This new, monotypic genus is defined by having a bipartite adoral zone of membranelles, three frontal cirri, an amphisiellid median cirral row about as long as, or slightly longer than, the adoral zone, one short frontoventral cirral row, cirrus III/2 and transverse cirri present, buccal cirrus and caudal cirri absent, one right and one left marginal row and three dorsal kineties. The main morphogenetic features of the new taxon are: (1) five frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (excluding undulating membranes anlage) are formed in primary mode; (2) the amphisiellid median cirral row is formed by anlagen V and VI, while the frontoventral row is generated from anlage IV; (3) cirral streaks IV to VI generate one transverse cirrus each; (4) frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage II generates one or two cirri, while the posterior one will be absorbed in late stages, that is, no buccal cirrus is formed; (5) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed; (6) dorsal morphogenesis follows a typical Gonostomum-pattern; and (7) the macronuclear nodules fuse to form a single mass. Based on the SSU rDNA information, analyses of the phylogenetic relationship inferred from Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses were unable to outline the exact position of this new form among some other species of related genera which are generally assigned in the family Amphisiellida. The morphological/ morphogenetical differences between the new genus/species and Uroleptoides/ Parabistichella, as well as other amphisiellids, clearly support the validity of the establishment of this new genus Parasincirra.