bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a Parentification Questionnaire for Youth
Authors: Borchet Judyta , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Połomski Piotr , Peplińska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundParentification is defined as a pattern of family interactions in which a child or an adolescent provides exces-sive care to the parents instead of receiving it from them. The phenomenon is linked to family difficulties, per-sonality disorders or abuse of psychoactive substances, yet in some circumstances, it may be a factor contrib-uting to an increase in mental resilience and one’s independence.Participants and procedureThe aim of the study was to prepare a parentification questionnaire for adolescents, adapted to Polish cultural conditions. The study involved 641 teenagers.ResultsOn the basis of confirmatory factor analysis, two versions of the tool were created: for adolescents without sib-lings (4 basic subscales) and for adolescents with siblings (4 basic and 2 additional subscales).ConclusionsThe questionnaire draws attention to the multidimensional character of the phenomenon of parentification, focusing on the type of roles and tasks performed by a teenager (i.e. emotional and instrumental parentifica-tion), the level of a sense of injustice and satisfaction with the role played in the family system. Additionally, the test allows us to focus on the recipient of the care provided by the child (parents or siblings) while maintaining a structure that allows for conducting research with both only children and persons with siblings and facilitates comparison between them.
Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO2 carbon export flows: a global model assessment
Authors: Ito Akihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems is
chiefly determined by major flows of carbon dioxide (CO2) such as
photosynthesis and respiration, but various minor flows exert considerable
influence in determining carbon stocks and their turnover. This study
assessed the effects of eight minor carbon flows on the terrestrial carbon
budget using a process-based model, the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for
Trace gases (VISIT), which included non-CO2 carbon flows, such as
methane and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and
subsurface carbon exports and disturbances such as biomass burning, land-use
changes, and harvest activities. The range of model-associated uncertainty
was evaluated through parameter-ensemble simulations and the results were
compared with corresponding observational and modeling studies. In the
historical period of 1901–2016, the VISIT simulation indicated that the
minor flows substantially influenced terrestrial carbon stocks, flows, and
budgets. The simulations estimated mean net ecosystem production in 2000–2009 as 3.21±1.1 Pg C yr−1 without minor flows and 6.85±0.9 Pg C yr−1 with minor flows. Including minor carbon flows
yielded an estimated net biome production of 1.62±1.0 Pg C yr−1
in the same period. Biomass burning, wood harvest, export of organic carbon
by water erosion, and BVOC emissions had impacts on the global terrestrial
carbon budget amounting to around 1 Pg C yr−1 with specific interannual variabilities. After including the minor flows, ecosystem carbon storage was
suppressed by about 440 Pg C, and its mean residence time was shortened by
about 2.4 years. The minor flows occur heterogeneously over the land, such that
BVOC emission, subsurface export, and wood harvest occur mainly in the
tropics, and biomass burning occurs extensively in boreal forests. They also
differ in their decadal trends, due to differences in their driving factors.
Aggregating the simulation results by land-cover type, cropland fraction,
and annual precipitation yielded more insight into the contributions of
these minor flows to the terrestrial carbon budget. Considering their
substantial and unique roles, these minor flows should be taken into account
in the global carbon budget in an integrated manner.
Miller's An Enemy of the People: Is Chaos Come Again?
Authors: Dubost Thierry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Arthur Miller's adaptation of Ibsen's An Enemy of the People is about a doctor who becomes “the people's enemy” after discovering that the water of the public baths is polluted. The play, which resonated with the American political context of the 1950s, belongs in the tradition of science plays. It addresses major political and ethical issues about the links between science and truth. Beyond adaptation as a significant artistic gesture, the author shows how Miller's political approach to science reflects his culture of the mid-twentieth century, based on the philosophical framework of the Enlightenment and the rise of experiment-based empirical science in seventeenth-century Europe. A contemporary reading of An Enemy of the People including a postmodern rejection of rationality suggests that it resonates very differently today, illustrating through science the most worrisome dangers of our time.
Barcelona sale a escena: el uso de la ciudad como espacio fílmico
Authors: Villanova Maria Alejandra 
Published: November 2019

Las películas que utilizan las ciudades como escenografía, sus calles, sus casas y su gente, montan una ciudad a partir de fragmentos. ¿Cómo se conectan en el espacio y en el tiempo esas imágenes-movimientos y cuáles son las ciudades que dan como resultado?Para investigar sobre ello se han seleccionado cuatro ficciones donde se retratan Barcelonas bajo diferentes caracterizaciones (personajes), todas ellas verosímiles, que van de la mano de guiones que han hallado sus historias en dichos escenarios.
The films using cities as scenery, their streets, their houses and their people, assemble a city from fragments. How do these movement images connect in space and time and which cities result? In order to investigate about this, four fictions have been selected where Barcelona is portrayed under different characterizations, all of them credible, which go hand in hand with scripts that have found their stories in those scenarios.
Processus urbains
Authors: Bourdin Alain 
Published: November 2019

El éxito del urbanismo provisional atestigua una evolución más general, que consiste en dar más importancia a los procesos que hacen la ciudad y que influyen considerablemente en la puesta en obra de los proyectos. Este artículo examina el ejemplo de la gentrificación para mostrar hasta qué punto es necesario tener en cuenta la diversidad y la complejidad de estos procesos sin ser simplista. Al mismo tiempo, demuestra que un proceso sólo es verdaderamente comprensible a través de los estados sucesivos del sistema en el cual se desarrolla.
Le succès de l’urbanisme provisoire témoigne d’une évolution plus générale. Elle consiste à donner plus d’importance aux processus qui font la ville et qui influencent considérablement la mise en œuvre des projets. Cet article examine l’exemple de la gentrifcation pour montrer combien il est important de prendre en compte la diversité et la complexité de ces processus et de ne pas être simpliste. Il montre aussi qu’un processus n’est vraiment compréhensible qu’à travers les états successifs du système dans lequel il se développe.
The success of the provisional urbanism proves a more general evolution which consists in giving more importance to the processes that make the city and that significantly influence the implementation of the projects.This article examines the example of gentrification to show to what extent it is necessary to take into account the diversity and complexity of these processes without being simplistic. At the same time it shows that a process is only truly comprehensible through the successive states of the system in which it develops.
Impact of Nitrogen Amendments on Soil Enzyme Dynamics under Simulated Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Chennappan Dharmadurai , Thankappan Sugitha , Nachimuthu Ramalingam , Karunanandham Kumutha , Uthandi Sivakumar 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To evaluate the influence of nitrogen amendments on soil enzyme dynamics in a long term incubation experiment.
Study Design: An in vitro simulated wetland ecosystem designed with rhizosphere soil was enriched with different N sources.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Biocatalysts Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. An incubation experiment ran for 150 days, to determine the temporal changes of soil enzyme activities.
Methodology: There were five treatments replicated thrice. The N enrichment included in the treatments were aerated except S1 as detailed below: rhizosphere soil (S1), rhizosphere soil without enrichment (S2), combined NH4Cl and KNO2 enriched rhizosphere soil (S3), KNO2 enriched rhizosphere soil (S4) and NH4Cl enriched rhizosphere soil (S5).
Results: The soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase (24.59 μg TPF g-1 soil day-1), urease (49.27 μg NH3 g-1 soil) and acid phosphatase (38.57 μg PNP g-1 soil h-1) were observed maximum in NH4Cl enriched rhizosphere soil (S5) on 70 DAI (days after incubation). While, highest alkaline phosphatase (53.40 μg PNP g-1 soil h-1) and fluorescein diacetate (7.57 μg fluorescein g-1 soil h-1) were registered on 70 DAI in KNO2 enriched soil (S4) and KNO2 + NH4Cl (S3) respectively. However, all the enzyme activities, irrespective of treatments, showed an increasing trend up to 70 DAI and thereafter, declined gradually.
Conclusion: Enzyme activities registered maximum in NH4Cl enriched rhizosphere soil (S5) than other enrichments. Basal N application as ammoniacal form (NH4+) triggers efficient trade-offs between soil functions in the wetland ecosystem whereas, combined sources contribute to microbial biomass and redox status of soil.
Why don't you believe me? Detecting deception in messages written by nonnative and native speakers
Authors: Volz Sarah , Reinhard Marc‐André , Müller Patrick 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDetecting lies is crucial in numerous contexts, including situations in which individuals do not interact in their native language. Previous research suggests that individuals are perceived as less credible when they communicate in a nonnative compared with native language. The current study was the first to test this effect in truthful and fabricated messages written by native and nonnative English speakers. One hundred native English speakers judged the veracity of these messages, and overall, they proved less likely to believe and to correctly classify nonnative speakers' messages; differences in verbal cues between native and nonnative speakers' messages partly explained the differences in the judgments. Given the increased use of nonnative languages in a globalized world, the discrimination against nonnative speakers in veracity judgments is problematic. Further research should more thoroughly investigate the role of verbal cues in written and spoken nonnative language to enable the development of effective interventions.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cymoside through a Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of a Strictosidine Derivative
Authors: Dou Yingchao , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Gandon Vincent , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the caged monoterpene indole alkaloid cymoside is reported. This natural product displays a unique hexacyclic‐fused skeleton whose biosynthesis implies an early oxidative cyclization of strictosidine. Our approach to the furo[3,2‐b]indoline framework relied on an unprecedented biomimetic sequence which started by the diastereoselective oxidation of the indole ring into a hydroxyindolenine which triggered the addition of an enol ether and was followed by the trapping of an oxocarbenium intermediate.
Resveratrol improves left ventricular remodeling in chronic kidney disease via Sirt1‐mediated regulation of FoxO1 activity and MnSOD expression
Authors: Li Peipei , Song Xiaoli , Zhang Dingwu , Guo Naifeng , Wu Chuwen , Chen Kairen , Liu Yue , Yuan Li , Chen Xiaolan , Huang Xinzhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLeft ventricular remodeling commonly complicates end‐stage renal disease following chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound, on left ventricular remodeling in subtotal nephrectomy rats and sought to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Subtotal nephrectomy caused renal dysfunction, such as gradual increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, subtotal nephrectomy also resulted in significant increases in myocyte cross‐sectional area, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and left ventricular dilatation. All these detrimental effects were alleviated in the presence of RSV. Mechanistically, RSV treatment led to the upregulation of manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the heart. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) bound forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and thus reduced acetylated FoxO1. RSV strengthened this interaction between Sirt1 and FoxO1. Loss of one allele of Sirt1 aggravated renal damage, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized mice. Taken together, our data show that Sirt1 is an important mediator for the protective roles of RSV on renal and heart damage in CKD rodent model, and FoxO1 and MnSOD are likely downstream targets of Sirt1. Therefore, Sirt1 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of left ventricular remodeling caused by CKD.
Pyridinylidenaminophosphines: Facile Access to Highly Electron‐Rich Phosphines
Authors: Rotering Philipp , Wilm Lukas F. B. , Werra Janina A. , Dielmann Fabian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectron‐rich tertiary phosphines are valuable species in chemical synthesis. However, their broad application as ligands in catalysis and reagents in stoichiometric reactions is often limited by their costly synthesis. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of a series of phosphines with 1‐alkylpyridin‐4‐ylidenamino and 1‐alkylpyridin‐2‐ylidenamino substituents that are accessible in a very short and scalable route starting from commercially available aminopyridines and chlorophosphines. The determination of the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) value reveals that the electron donor ability can be tuned by the substituent pattern at the aminopyridine backbone and it can exceed that of common alkylphosphines and N‐heterocyclic carbenes. The potential of the new phosphines as strong nucleophiles in phosphine‐mediated transformations is demonstrated by the formation of Lewis base adducts with CO2 and CS2. In addition, the coordination chemistry of the new phosphines towards CuI, AuI, and PdII metal centers has been explored, and a convenient procedure to introduce the most basic phosphine into metal complexes starting from air‐stable phosphonium salt is described.
DFT calculation–assisted stereo‐structural assignment of arundifungin
Authors: Nishiyama Mami , Tonouchi Akio , Maeda Hayato , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArundifungin (1) has been reported as a potent antifungal agent against Candida and Aspergillus spp; however, only its planar structure has been disclosed. This paper describes the assignment of the relative and absolute configuration of 1, which includes (a) determination of the relative configuration of the ABCD polycyclic ring moiety on the basis of detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, followed by the confirmation with density functional theory (DFT)–based 13C NMR chemical shift calculations, (b) determination of the absolute configuration of the ABCD polycyclic ring moiety by observing a positive Cotton effect at 217 nm because of the C‐8/C‐9 tetrasubstituted double bond and its reproduction using DFT calculations, (c) determination of the configurational relationship between C‐17 and C‐20 by a combination of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) analysis and DFT‐based conformational analysis, and (d) determination of the relative and absolute configuration of the C‐24 and C‐25 asymmetric centers on the acyclic side chain by a combination of chemical derivatization including modified Mosher's method and DFT‐based conformational analysis, followed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral reproduction. Present study also discovered 26‐deoxyarundifungin (2) of which relative structure was readily elucidated by 1H and 13C spectral comparison with those of 1. Since 2 exhibits slightly weaker antifungal activity against Cochliobolus miyabeanus than 1, the hydroxy group at C‐26 moderately contributes to the activity.
Effects of rhizoma peanut cultivars (Arachis glabrata Benth.) on the soil bacterial diversity and predicted function in nitrogen fixation
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Bo , Hsu Chih‐Ming , Dubeux José C. B. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Blount Ann , Han Xing‐Guo , Liao Hui‐Ling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a growing awareness of the importance of soil microorganisms in agricultural management practices. Currently, much less is known about whether different crop cultivar has an effect on the taxonomic structure and diversity, and specific functions of soil bacterial communities. Here, we examined the changes of the diversity and composition and enzyme‐encoding nitrogenase genes in a long‐term field experiment with seven different rhizoma peanut cultivars in southeastern USA, coupling high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the sequence‐based function prediction with Tax4Fun. Of the 32 phyla detected (Proteobacteria class), 13 were dominant: Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes (relative abundance >1%). We found no evidence that the diversity and composition of bacterial communities were significantly different among different cultivars, but the abundance of some dominant bacterial groups that have N‐fixation potentials (at broad or fine taxonomic level) and predicted abundances of some enzyme‐encoding nitrogenase genes showed significant across‐cultivar differences. The nitrogenase genes were notably abundant in Florigraze and Latitude soils while remarkably lower in Arbook and UF_TITO soils when compared with other cultivars, indicating different nitrogen fixation potentials among different cultivars. The findings also suggest that the abundance of certain bacterial taxa and the specific function bacteria perform in ecosystems can have an inherent association. Our study is helpful to understand how microbiological responses and feedback to different plant genotypes through the variation in structure and function of their communities in the rhizosphere.
Human Heterozygous ENPP1 Deficiency Is Associated With Early Onset Osteoporosis, a Phenotype Recapitulated in a Mouse Model of Enpp1 Deficiency
Authors: Oheim Ralf , Zimmerman Kristin , Maulding Nathan D , Stürznickel Julian , von Kroge Simon , Kavanagh Dillon , Stabach Paul R , Kornak Uwe , Tommasini Steven M , Horowitz Mark C , Amling Michael , Thompson David , Schinke Thorsten , Busse Björn , Carpenter Thomas O. , Braddock Demetrios T 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Biallelic ENPP1 deficiency in humans induces generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and/or autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2). The latter is characterized by markedly increased circulating FGF23 levels and renal phosphate wasting, but aberrant skeletal manifestations associated with heterozygous ENPP1 deficiency are unknown. Here, we report three adult men with early onset osteoporosis who presented with fractures in the thoracic spine and/or left radius, mildly elevated circulating FGF23, and hypophosphatemia. Total hip bone mineral density scans demonstrated osteoporosis (Z-score &lt; −2.5) and HRpQCT demonstrated microarchitectural defects in trabecular and cortical bone. Next-generation sequencing revealed heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in ENPP1 previously observed as biallelic mutations in infants with GACI. In addition, we present bone mass and structure data as well as plasma pyrophosphate (PPi) data of two siblings suffering from ARHR2 in comparison to their heterozygous and wild-type family members indicative of an ENPP1 gene dose effect. The skeletal phenotype in murine Enpp1 deficiency yielded nearly identical findings. Ten-week-old male Enpp1asj/asj mice exhibited mild elevations in plasma FGF23 and hypophosphatemia, and micro-CT analysis revealed microarchitectural defects in trabecular and cortical bone of similar magnitude to HRpQCT defects observed in humans. Histomorphometry revealed mild osteomalacia and osteopenia at both 10 and 23 weeks. The biomechanical relevance of these findings was demonstrated by increased bone fragility and ductility in Enpp1asj/asj mice. In summary, ENPP1 exerts a gene dose effect such that humans with heterozygous ENPP1 deficiency exhibit intermediate levels of plasma analytes associated with bone mineralization disturbance resulting in early onset osteoporosis. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a series of 2‐trifluoromethylbenzimidazole‐thiazolidinone derivatives
Authors: Cheddie Adele , Shintre Suhas A. , Bantho Aishwarya , Mocktar Chunderika , Koorbanally Neil A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of 2‐phenyl‐3‐(2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐6‐yl)thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives were synthesized from p‐nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine in a three‐step reaction. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity ranging from 3‐fold, to greater than 100‐fold higher than the standard antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Compounds 3d (2′‐Br), 3j (4′‐Br), and 3l (4′‐NO2) displayed a broad spectrum of activity against the strains tested (0.14–38.33 μM). The brominated derivatives 3d and 3j showed excellent activity against the Gram‐positive bacterial strains (MBC between 0.12 and 35.46 μM), while the nitro derivative 3l showed excellent activity against all four Gram‐negative strains tested (MBC between 0.15 and 9.58 μM).
Regioselective synthesis of spiro isoxazole‐oxindole‐tetrahydrothiophene hybrids via cascade reactions under catalyst‐free conditions
Authors: Nagaraju Sakkani , Sathish Kota , Satyanarayana Neeli , Paplal Banoth , Kashinath Dhurke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCatalyst‐free synthesis of the isoxazole‐spirooxindole‐tetrahydrothiophene hybrids is reported. Formation of 1,4‐thia‐Michael and intramolecular aldol reactions were observed (instead of 1,6‐thia‐Michael followed by vinylogous Henry reactions) in a regioselective fashion to give new isoxazole‐spirooxindole‐tetrahydrothiophene hybrids with excellent yields.