bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multiscale Precipitation Forecasting Framework: Linking Teleconnections and Climate Dipoles to Seasonal and 24‐hr Extreme Rainfall Prediction
Authors: Kim Yong‐Tak , So Byung‐Jin , Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lall Upmanu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe develop a hybrid statistical forecasting model for the simultaneous season‐ahead forecasting of both seasonal rainfall and the 24‐hr maximum rainfall for the upcoming season, using predictors identified through the Shared Reciprocal Nearest Neighbor approach. The model uses a generalized linear regression and a four‐parameter Beta distribution model for downscaling extremes using the predictors that were identified. A cross‐validation experiment for the last four decades in both Han‐River and Geum‐River watersheds, South Korea was performed to test the efficacy of the model. The leave‐one‐out cross‐validated seasonal precipitation forecast demonstrates a correlation that ranges from 0.69–0.78 to 0.68–0.76 for the Han‐River and Geum‐River watershed, respectively. Similarly, for the 24‐hr maximum rainfalls in the upcoming season, the cross‐validated correlations between the predicted and the observed values range from 0.67–0.73 to 0.50–0.63, for the two river basins. A discussion of the potential causes of the skill is offered.
Pervasive Desiccation of North American Lakes During the Late Quaternary
Authors: Liefert David T. , Shuman Bryan N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSedimentary records of lake‐level fluctuations have long provided unambiguous evidence of past hydrologic changes. Here, we synthesize geomorphic and sedimentological evidence of late‐Quaternary lake‐level changes across North America and show that currently moist regions were commonly drier than today. Many lakes across humid or snow‐dominated areas of North America were lower than today or totally desiccated for prolonged periods but rose to their current levels following climate changes in recent millennia. Maps of 173 records show that hydroclimates responded to deglacial dynamics and orbital changes but that regional hydrology changed even under the modest forcing and temperature variability of the past 8,000 years. Submerged paleoshorelines, ubiquitous across humid regions, reveal that North America's ecosystems and critical zone existed in a drier‐than‐modern state for much of the Quaternary and that continental moisture gradients often differed from today. The hydrologic changes underscore the climatic risk to many societally critical water supplies.
Magnetostratigraphy and Palaeoclimatic Significance of the Late Pliocene Red Clay‐Quaternary Loess Sequence in the Lanzhou Basin, Western Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Benhong , Peng Tingjiang , Yu Hao , Hui Zhengchuang , Ma Zhenhua , Li Xiaomiao , Feng Zhantao , Liu Jia , Liu Shanpin , Zhang Jun , Ye Xiyan , Song Chunhui , Li Jijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe history of red clay‐loess accumulation in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is the key to understanding the aridification history of the Asian interior and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we present high‐resolution magnetostratigraphy and grain‐size records of a 265.7‐m‐long drill core of the red clay‐loess sequence at Gaolanshan in the Lanzhou Basin from the western CLP. Our results, combined with the loess‐paleosol stratigraphy and regional stratigraphic correlation, indicate that the most complete and continuous red clay‐loess sequence since ~3 Ma was first found in the western CLP, which is ~0.8 Myr older than the previously investigated Quaternary loess in the Lanzhou region, and the age of the oldest Lanzhou loess‐paleosol sequence is ~2.8 Ma. Consequently, the major enhancement of the aridification at 2.8 Ma in the Asian interior was primarily controlled by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global cooling.
Influence of Barotropic Tidal Currents on Transport and Accumulation of Floating Microplastics in the Global Open Ocean
Authors: Sterl Miriam F. , Delandmeter Philippe , van Sebille Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFloating plastic debris is an increasing source of pollution in the world's oceans. Numerical simulations using models of ocean currents give insight into the transport and distribution of microplastics in the oceans, but most simulations do not account for the oscillating flow caused by global barotropic tides. Here, we investigate the influence of barotropic tidal currents on the transport and accumulation of floating microplastics, by numerically simulating the advection of virtual plastic particles released all over the world's oceans and tracking these for 13 years. We use geostrophic and surface Ekman currents from GlobCurrent and the currents caused by the four main tidal constituents (M
, S
, K
, and O
) from the FES model. We analyze the differences between the simulations with and without the barotropic tidal currents included, focusing on the open ocean. In each of the simulations, we see that microplastic accumulates in regions in the subtropical gyres, which is in agreement with observations. The formation and location of these accumulation regions remain unaffected by the barotropic tidal currents. However, there are a number of coastal regions where we see differences when the barotropic tidal currents are included. Due to uncertainties of the model in coastal regions, further investigation is required in order to draw conclusions in these areas. Our results suggest that, in the global open ocean, barotropic tidal currents have little impact on the transport and accumulation of floating microplastic and can thus be neglected in simulations aimed at studying microplastic transport in the open ocean.
Virulent coliphages in 1-year-old children fecal samples are fewer, but more infectious than temperate coliphages
Authors: Mathieu Aurélie , Dion Moïra , Deng Ling , Tremblay Denise , Moncaut Elisabeth , Shah Shiraz A. , Stokholm Jakob , Krogfelt Karen A. , Schjørring Susanne , Bisgaard Hans , Nielsen Dennis S. , Moineau Sylvain , Petit Marie-Agnès 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacteriophages constitute an important part of the human gut microbiota, but their impact on this community is largely unknown. Here, we cultivate temperate phages produced by 900 E. coli strains isolated from 648 fecal samples from 1-year-old children and obtain coliphages directly from the viral fraction of the same fecal samples. We find that 63% of strains hosted phages, while 24% of the viromes contain phages targeting E. coli. 150 of these phages, half recovered from strain supernatants, half from virome (73% temperate and 27% virulent) were tested for their host range on 75 E. coli strains isolated from the same cohort. Temperate phages barely infected the gut strains, whereas virulent phages killed up to 68% of them. We conclude that in fecal samples from children, temperate coliphages dominate, while virulent ones have greater infectivity and broader host range, likely playing a role in gut microbiota dynamics.
Ultralow-noise photonic microwave synthesis using a soliton microcomb-based transfer oscillator
Authors: Lucas Erwan , Brochard Pierre , Bouchand Romain , Schilt Stéphane , Südmeyer Thomas , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of ultralow-noise microwaves is of both scientific and technological relevance for timing, metrology, communications and radio-astronomy. Today, the lowest reported phase noise signals are obtained via optical frequency-division using mode-locked laser frequency combs. Nonetheless, this technique ideally requires high repetition rates and tight comb stabilisation. Here, a microresonator-based Kerr frequency comb (soliton microcomb) with a 14 GHz repetition rate is generated with an ultra-stable pump laser and used to derive an ultralow-noise microwave reference signal, with an absolute phase noise level below −60 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset frequency and −135 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz. This is achieved using a transfer oscillator approach, where the free-running microcomb noise (which is carefully studied and minimised) is cancelled via a combination of electronic division and mixing. Although this proof-of-principle uses an auxiliary comb for detecting the microcomb’s offset frequency, we highlight the prospects of this method with future self-referenced integrated microcombs and electro-optic combs, that would allow for ultralow-noise microwave and sub-terahertz signal generators.
Lamellar architectures in stiff biomaterials may not always be templates for enhancing toughness in composites
Authors: Monn Michael A. , Vijaykumar Kaushik , Kochiyama Sayaka , Kesari Haneesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe layered architecture of stiff biological materials often endows them with surprisingly high fracture toughness in spite of their brittle ceramic constituents. Understanding the link between organic–inorganic layered architectures and toughness could help to identify new ways to improve the toughness of biomimetic engineering composites. We study the cylindrically layered architecture found in the spicules of the marine sponge Euplectella aspergillum. We cut micrometer-size notches in the spicules and measure their initiation toughness and average crack growth resistance using flexural tests. We find that while the spicule’s architecture provides toughness enhancements, these enhancements are relatively small compared to prototypically tough biological materials, like nacre. We investigate these modest toughness enhancements using computational fracture mechanics simulations.
Spatial adiabatic passage of massive quantum particles in an optical Lieb lattice
Authors: Taie Shintaro , Ichinose Tomohiro , Ozawa Hideki , Takahashi Yoshiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantum interference lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. By utilizing destructive interference, it is possible to transfer a physical object between two states without populating an intermediate state which is necessary to connect the initial and final states. A famous application is a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, where atomic internal states can be transfered with high efficiency regardless of lossy intermediate states. One interesting situation is a case where the initial and final states are spatially well separated. Quantum mechanics allows a particle to move without practical possibility of being found at the intermediate area. Here we demonstrate this spatial adiabatic passage with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Key to this is the existence of dark eigenstates forming a flat energy band, with effective transfer between two sublattices being observed. This work sheds light on a study of coherent control of trapped cold atoms.
Rapid and deep-scale ubiquitylation profiling for biology and translational research
Authors: Udeshi Namrata D. , Mani Deepak C. , Satpathy Shankha , Fereshetian Shaunt , Gasser Jessica A. , Svinkina Tanya , Olive Meagan E. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Mertins Philipp , Carr Steven A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein ubiquitylation is involved in a plethora of cellular processes. While antibodies directed at ubiquitin remnants (K-ɛ-GG) have improved the ability to monitor ubiquitylation using mass spectrometry, methods for highly multiplexed measurement of ubiquitylation in tissues and primary cells using sub-milligram amounts of sample remains a challenge. Here, we present a highly sensitive, rapid and multiplexed protocol termed UbiFast for quantifying ~10,000 ubiquitylation sites from as little as 500 μg peptide per sample from cells or tissue in a TMT10plex in ca. 5 h. High-field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) is used to improve quantitative accuracy for posttranslational modification analysis. We use the approach to rediscover substrates of the E3 ligase targeting drug lenalidomide and to identify proteins modulated by ubiquitylation in models of basal and luminal human breast cancer. The sensitivity and speed of the UbiFast method makes it suitable for large-scale studies in primary tissue samples.
Impact of commonly used drugs on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota
Authors: Vich Vila Arnau , Collij Valerie , Sanna Serena , Sinha Trishla , Imhann Floris , Bourgonje Arno R. , Mujagic Zlatan , Jonkers Daisy M. A. E. , Masclee Ad A. M. , Fu Jingyuan , Kurilshikov Alexander , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Alexandra , Weersma Rinse K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human gut microbiota has now been associated with drug responses and efficacy, while chemical compounds present in these drugs can also impact the gut bacteria. However, drug–microbe interactions are still understudied in the clinical context, where polypharmacy and comorbidities co-occur. Here, we report relations between commonly used drugs and the gut microbiome. We performed metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples from a population cohort and two gastrointestinal disease cohorts. Differences between users and non-users were analysed per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis. While 19 of 41 drugs are found to be associated with microbial features, when controlling for the use of multiple medications, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, antibiotics and laxatives show the strongest associations with the microbiome. We here provide evidence for extensive changes in taxonomy, metabolic potential and resistome in relation to commonly used drugs. This paves the way for future studies and has implications for current microbiome studies by demonstrating the need to correct for multiple drug use.
β4GALT1 controls β1 integrin function to govern thrombopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Giannini Silvia , Lee-Sundlov Melissa M. , Rivadeneyra Leonardo , Di Buduo Christian A. , Burns Robert , Lau Joseph T. , Falet Hervé , Balduini Alessandra , Hoffmeister Karin M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlycosylation is critical to megakaryocyte (MK) and thrombopoiesis in the context of gene mutations that affect sialylation and galactosylation. Here, we identify the conserved B4galt1 gene as a critical regulator of thrombopoiesis in MKs. β4GalT1 deficiency increases the number of fully differentiated MKs. However, the resulting lack of glycosylation enhances β1 integrin signaling leading to dysplastic MKs with severely impaired demarcation system formation and thrombopoiesis. Platelets lacking β4GalT1 adhere avidly to β1 integrin ligands laminin, fibronectin, and collagen, while other platelet functions are normal. Impaired thrombopoiesis leads to increased plasma thrombopoietin (TPO) levels and perturbed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Remarkably, β1 integrin deletion, specifically in MKs, restores thrombopoiesis. TPO and CXCL12 regulate β4GalT1 in the MK lineage. Thus, our findings establish a non-redundant role for β4GalT1 in the regulation of β1 integrin function and signaling during thrombopoiesis. Defective thrombopoiesis and lack of β4GalT1 further affect HSC homeostasis.
TRIM25 promotes the cell survival and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting Keap1-Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Tao Shishi , Liao Lijuan , Li Yang , Li Hongchang , Li Zhihuan , Lin Lilong , Wan Xiaochun , Yang Xiaolu , Chen Liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumor cells often exhibit augmented capacity to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis under adverse conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Here, through the evaluation of all human TRIM proteins, we find that TRIM25 is significantly induced upon ER stress. Upregulation of TRIM25 ameliorates oxidative stress, promotes ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and reduces IRE1 signaling in the UPR pathway. In contrast, depletion of TRIM25 leads to ER stress and attenuates tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM25 directly targets Keap1 by ubiquitination and degradation. This leads to Nrf2 activation, which bolsters anti-oxidant defense and cell survival. TRIM25 expression is positively associated with Nrf2 expression and negatively with Keap1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts and specimens. Moreover, high TRIM25 expression correlates with poor patient survival in HCC. These findings reveal TRIM25 as a regulator of ER homeostasis and a potential target for tumor therapy.
Low replicability can support robust and efficient science
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Oberauer Klaus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a broad agreement that psychology is facing a replication crisis. Even some seemingly well-established findings have failed to replicate. Numerous causes of the crisis have been identified, such as underpowered studies, publication bias, imprecise theories, and inadequate statistical procedures. The replication crisis is real, but it is less clear how it should be resolved. Here we examine potential solutions by modeling a scientific community under various different replication regimes. In one regime, all findings are replicated before publication to guard against subsequent replication failures. In an alternative regime, individual studies are published and are replicated after publication, but only if they attract the community’s interest. We find that the publication of potentially non-replicable studies minimizes cost and maximizes efficiency of knowledge gain for the scientific community under a variety of assumptions. Provided it is properly managed, our findings suggest that low replicability can support robust and efficient science.
Terminal uranium(V)-nitride hydrogenations involving direct addition or Frustrated Lewis Pair mechanisms
Authors: Chatelain Lucile , Louyriac Elisa , Douair Iskander , Lu Erli , Tuna Floriana , Wooles Ashley J. , Gardner Benedict M. , Maron Laurent , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite their importance as mechanistic models for heterogeneous Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen and dihydrogen, homogeneous molecular terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards dihydrogen, and only a few electron-rich, low-coordinate variants demonstrate any hydrogenolysis chemistry. Here, we report hydrogenolysis of a terminal uranium(V)-nitride under mild conditions even though it is electron-poor and not low-coordinate. Two divergent hydrogenolysis mechanisms are found; direct 1,2-dihydrogen addition across the uranium(V)-nitride then H-atom 1,1-migratory insertion to give a uranium(III)-amide, or with trimesitylborane a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) route that produces a uranium(IV)-amide with sacrificial trimesitylborane radical anion. An isostructural uranium(VI)-nitride is inert to hydrogenolysis, suggesting the 5f1 electron of the uranium(V)-nitride is not purely non-bonding. Further FLP reactivity between the uranium(IV)-amide, dihydrogen, and triphenylborane is suggested by the formation of ammonia-triphenylborane. A reactivity cycle for ammonia synthesis is demonstrated, and this work establishes a unique marriage of actinide and FLP chemistries.
Recover the activity of sintered supported catalysts by nitrogen-doped carbon atomization
Authors: Zhou Huang , Zhao Yafei , Xu Jie , Sun Haoran , Li Zhijun , Liu Wei , Yuan Tongwei , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaoqian , Cheong Weng-Chon , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Xin , Zhao Chao , Yao Yancai , Wang Wenyu , Zhou Fangyao , Chen Min , Jin Benjin , Sun Rongbo , Liu Jing , Hong Xun , Yao Tao , Wei Shiqiang , Luo Jun , Wu Yuen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sintering of supported metal nanoparticles is a major route to the deactivation of industrial heterogeneous catalysts, which largely increase the cost and decrease the productivity. Here, we discover that supported palladium/gold/platinum nanoparticles distributed at the interface of oxide supports and nitrogen-doped carbon shells would undergo an unexpected nitrogen-doped carbon atomization process against the sintering at high temperatures, during which the nanoparticles can be transformed into more active atomic species. The in situ transmission electron microscopy images reveal the abundant nitrogen defects in carbon shells provide atomic diffusion sites for the mobile atomistic palladium species detached from the palladium nanoparticles. More important, the catalytic activity of sintered and deactivated palladium catalyst can be recovered by this unique N-doped carbon atomization process. Our findings open up a window to preparation of sintering-resistant single atoms catalysts and regeneration of deactivated industrial catalysts.
Auxin-dependent control of a plasmodesmal regulator creates a negative feedback loop modulating lateral root emergence
Authors: Sager Ross , Wang Xu , Hill Kristine , Yoo Byung-Chun , Caplan Jeffery , Nedo Alex , Tran Thu , Bennett Malcolm J. , Lee Jung-Youn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLateral roots originate from initial cells deep within the main root and must emerge through several overlying layers. Lateral root emergence requires the outgrowth of the new primordium (LRP) to coincide with the timely separation of overlying root cells, a developmental program coordinated by the hormone auxin. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, auxin controls the spatiotemporal expression of the plasmodesmal regulator PDLP5 in cells overlying LRP, creating a negative feedback loop. PDLP5, which functions to restrict the cell-to-cell movement of signals via plasmodesmata, is induced by auxin in cells overlying LRP in a progressive manner. PDLP5 localizes to plasmodesmata in these cells and negatively impacts organ emergence as well as overall root branching. We present a model, incorporating the spatiotemporal expression of PDLP5 in LRP-overlying cells into known auxin-regulated LRP-overlying cell separation pathways, and speculate how PDLP5 may function to negatively regulate the lateral root emergence process.
Electron transfer governed by light–matter interaction at metal–semiconductor interface
Authors: Iida Kenji , Noda Masashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe photoexcitation of heterostructures consisting of metallic nanoclusters and a semiconductor has been extensively investigated in relation to interests in photocatalysis and optical devices. The optoelectronic functions of the heterostructures originate from localized surface plasmon resonance, which can induce electron and resonance energy transfers. While it is well known that photoinduced electronic interaction between a metallic nanocluster and a semiconductor is responsible for the resonance energy transfer, the electron transfer associated with the photoinduced electronic interaction has not been discussed. In this paper, we elucidate the photoexcitation dynamics of a silver nanocluster/TiO2 heterostructure using an original first-principles computational approach that explicitly deals with light–matter interactions. It is shown that the photoinduced silver–TiO2 electronic interaction causes excited electrons to be directly transferred from the silver nanocluster to the TiO2 layer without passing through the conduction band of the silver nanocluster.