bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compromised CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in people living with HIV aged over 50 years: an observational study
Authors: Francis‐Morris A , Mackie NE , Eliahoo J , Ramzan F , Fidler S , Pollock KM 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesPersistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion (< 1) is associated with mortality in older people. We investigated the interaction of the effects of baseline CD8 count and age at HIV diagnosis on CD4:CD8 ratio recovery with antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsAn observational study (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016) was carried out using routinely collected data from the HIV outpatient services at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. CD4 and CD8 counts, prior to and during ART, treatment during primary HIV infection (PHI) and HIV‐1 viral load were included in univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsData were included for 876 patients starting ART, where HIV suppression was achieved. Of these patients, 741 of 876 (84.6%) were male and 507 of 876 (57.9%) were Caucasian. The median time on ART was 38 [interquartile range (IQR) 17–66] months. CD8 count change on ART was bidirectional; low CD8 counts (≤ 600 cells/μL) increased and high CD8 counts (> 900 cells/μL) decreased. The median pre‐ART CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.41 (IQR 0.24–0.63), and recovery (≥ 1) occurred in 274 of 876 patients (31.3%). Pre‐ and post‐ART CD4:CD8 ratios were lower in those aged > 50 years compared with young adults aged 18–30 years (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). After adjustment, younger age at HIV diagnosis (P < 0.001) and treatment during PHI (P < 0.001) were favourable for CD4:CD8 ratio normalization.ConclusionsOlder age (> 50 years) at HIV diagnosis was associated with persistent CD4:CD8 ratio inversion, whereas treatment of PHI was protective. These findings confirm the need for testing and early treatment of people aged > 50 years, and could be used in a risk management algorithm for enhanced surveillance.
Effects of early mobilization protocol performed after cardiac surgery on patient care outcomes
Authors: Yayla Ayşegül , Özer Nadiye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the effects of an early mobilization protocol performed in patients who underwent cardiac surgery on post‐operative outcomes.BackgroundPost‐operative complications are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Early mobilization is recommended for patients who undergo cardiac surgery to prevent complications and achieve successful outcomes in post‐operative care.DesignThe study design was quasi‐experimental with a control group.MethodsParticipants were patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January and October 2015. The study included 102 patients (51 patients each in the experimental and control groups). The introductory characteristics form, the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), duration of hospital stay (post‐operatively), and development of a post‐operative late complications form were used to collect data.ResultsThe study results revealed that patients in the experimental group had better improvement in RCSQ scores, shorter duration of hospitalization, and fewer late complications after surgery than patients in the control group.ConclusionEarly mobilization is feasible in adult cardiac surgery patients and has significant benefits. More research is recommended into the effectiveness of early mobilization in different patient groups.
Modeling of maceration step of the oat (Avena sativa) malting process
Authors: Anthero Ana G. S. , Lima Jardel M. , Cleto Paulo B. , Jorge Luiz M. M. , Jorge Regina M. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe process of maceration of oats is still little explored; however, this stage is of great importance for malting, because the moisture content required for the synthesis of enzymes in the germination phase influences the quality of the product obtained. This research aimed at studying the influence of different temperature of hydration of the URS CORONA oat grain on the kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Also, the composition and morphology of oat grain were evaluated. The physicochemical analyses resulted in contents of 9.96% protein, 4.60% lipids, and 40.8% starch. The hydration isotherms (10, 20, 25, and 35°C) presented two hydration phases characterized by capillary forces (Phase I) and the diffusion phenomenon (Phase II). The adjustments of the Peleg model and Second Fick Law to data experiment were satisfactory. Results showed the mass transfer constants increased to temperature addition. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the maceration oat process presents lower activation energy; it is an exothermic and not spontaneous process.Practical ApplicationsKinetics model can provide information about the moisture in the oat grain during the soaking process with practical application to the starch, malt, and flour industries. Thermodynamic properties can be used to optimize grain processing parameters as time and temperature, and to reduce the maceration operation.
Timing and Outcomes of an Indication‐Only Use of Intravenous Cannulation During Spontaneous Labor
Authors: Bailey Joanne Motino , Bell Carrie , Zielinski Ruth 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionIn the United States, most women presenting in spontaneous labor undergo intravenous (IV) cannulation on admission to hospital labor and birth units. There is limited evidence for this routine practice in pregnant women at low risk for adverse outcomes during labor or birth.MethodsA retrospective, exploratory, descriptive study of an indication‐only practice of IV cannulation on admission for women presenting in spontaneous labor and cared for by a nurse‐midwife service was performed. Descriptive data included the timing of IV cannula placement (admission, during labor or postpartum period, or not at all) and indications for placement. Maternal outcomes of interest were estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage rates, and management; neonatal outcome was 5‐minute Apgar scores.ResultsRecords for 1069 women cared for by nurse‐midwives who presented in spontaneous labor were reviewed. In this cohort, 445 (41.6%) had IV access established on admission, 325 (30.4%) had an IV cannula placed during labor or postpartum, and 299 (28%) never had IV access during their hospital stay. For the 325 women with IV cannulas placed after admission, 25 (7.7%) were placed urgently for excessive postpartum bleeding. Further analysis of the subset of women who had a postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth (defined as >500 mL estimated blood loss) indicated that urgent IV cannulation was not associated with a lower mean postpartum hemoglobin or hematocrit or an increase in blood transfusion rate when compared with women who had an IV cannula placed earlier in their labor course.DiscussionIndication‐only IV cannulation for women experiencing an uncomplicated labor and birth is a reasonable practice in settings where IV access can be established urgently if needed.
Application of lipidomics to reveal differences of facial skin surface lipids between atopic dermatitis and healthy infants
Authors: Wang Hecong , Cui Le , Jia Yan , Gao Ying , Zhang Gaolei , He Congfen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current knowledge about potential risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) is primarily based on the structure and function of the stratum corneum, which is characterized by osmotic defects and abnormal antibacterial function. There are no studies on the difference between facial lipids in infants with AD and healthy infants.AimsWe sought to explore significantly different lipid markers for infants with AD presenting with lesions and healthy infants aged 0‐2 years to guide treatment strategies.MethodsTwenty‐eight patient infants with AD and 32 healthy infants were recruited. Each infant received its surface skin lipids (SSL) on the right cheek. The components of skin lipids were measured by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupoletime‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) to explore significantly different lipid markers by analyzing the detection results using orthogonal partial least squares analysis(OPLS‐DA).ResultsThere were clear distinctions in the components of SSL between the two groups. Twenty‐nine significantly different lipid markers (P ≤ .05) were found.ConclusionThis study confirmed that there were significant differences in the components of the SSL between AD infants with lesions and healthy infants, but also found lipid types, lipid contents, and lipid structures as AD‐related risks.
Activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway regulates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis induced by arctigenin in Hep G2
Authors: Lu Zheng , Zhou Hongbo , Zhang Shishuo , Dai Wei , Zhang Yan , Hong Liping , Chen Fanjie , Cao Jiyue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Arctigenin (ARG) has been proved to inhibit the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via inducing apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism remains unknown. The present study was aimed to further investigate the mechanism of ARG against HCC in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Arctigenin was applied in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, etc., were used to investigate the mechanisms.

Key findings
The time-dependent enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, Fas and FasL levels, caspase cascade activation and the loss in the mitochondrial out membrane potential indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were triggered by ARG. Moreover, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylated time-dependently. And inhibition of the phosphorylation of either p38 or JNK led to a significant reduction in HepG2 apoptosis, owing to the crucial roles of p38 and JNK played in regulating the apoptosis pathways. In addition, ARG increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells, while the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine almost reversed ARG-induced JNK and p38 activation, and dramatically decreased cell apoptosis. In vivo, ARG increased the cell apoptosis in tumour tissues, and p-p38, p-JNK and Bax were significantly upregulated.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated that ARG induced apoptosis in HCC via ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinases apoptosis pathway.
Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long‐term field experiments
Authors: Bongiorno Giulia , Bodenhausen Natacha , Bünemann Else K. , Brussaard Lijbert , Geisen Stefan , Mäder Paul , Quist Casper W. , Walser Jean‐Claude , de Goede Ron G. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life‐history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long‐term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.
Cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5 hydroxylates alkanes to primary alcohols and is involved in rice leaf cuticular wax synthesis
Authors: Zhang Du , Yang Huifang , Wang Xiaochen , Qiu Yijian , Tian Lihong , Qi Xiaoquan , Qu Le Qing 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Odd‐numbered primary alcohols are components of plant cuticular wax, but their biosynthesis remains unknown.

We isolated a rice wax crystal‐sparse leaf 5 (WSL5) gene using a map‐based cloning strategy. The function of WSL5 was illustrated by overexpression and knockout in rice, heterologous expression in Arabidopsis and transient expression in tobacco leaves.

WSL5 is predicted to encode a cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5. The wsl5 mutant lacked crystalloid platelets on the surface of cuticle membrane, and its cuticle membrane was thicker than that of the wild‐type. The wsl5 mutant is more tolerant to drought stress. The load of C23–C33 alkanes increased, whereas the C29 primary alcohol reduced significantly in wsl5 mutant and WSL5 knockout transgenic plants. Overexpression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes in rice leaves. Heterologous expression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes, secondary alcohol, and ketone in Arabidopsis stem wax. Transient expression of WSL5 in tobacco leaves also increased the production C29 primary alcohol.

WSL5 catalyzes the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, yielding odd‐numbered primary alcohols, and is involved in the formation of epidermal wax crystals on rice leaf, affecting drought sensitivity.
Developing a comprehensive career development scale for public health nurses in Japan
Authors: Saeki Kazuko , Hirano Michiyo , Honda Hikaru , Asahara Kiyomi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to develop a scale that can comprehensively measure public health nurses'(PHNs) career development and to verify the validity and reliability of that scale.Design and samplesThis study is a cross‐sectional investigation. The participants were 1,009 PHNs working in a government facility in Japan. A total of 586 participants who had been working for more than 3 years as PHNs were analyzed.MeasurementsAnonymous self‐response questionnaires included items on professional awareness, practical competency, and job satisfaction. We conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the construct validity of the scale. The reliability was examined by the Cronbach's α coefficient. The validity was examined by an external reference relevant validity and the known‐group method.ResultsThe scale was structured with 32 items covering three factors: “community activities, policy, and management,” “PHN identity,” and “foundations as a PHN.” The Cronbach's α coefficients were all greater than 0.9. In confirmatory factor analysis, the scale showed acceptable goodness of fit.ConclusionsThe comprehensive career development scale for PHNs proved its reliability and validity. This scale may be useful to promote PHN identity and competency comprehensively in basic education and in‐charge education.
Impact of prairie fragment size on proportion of females and reproductive success of Lobelia spicata Lam., a gynodioecious species
Authors: Byers D. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Due to ongoing human impacts, plant species increasingly occur in landscapes that are highly fragmented, with remaining natural habitats occupying small areas, resulting in populations that are smaller and more isolated than in previous time periods. This changed metapopulation structure is expected to have negative impacts on seed production. For example, the proportion of female plants within gynodioecious populations may be more volatile due to genetic drift in small populations associated with small habitat fragments, with concomitant impacts on seed production. My aims were to determine: (i) if variation in proportion of females is larger in smaller fragments; and (ii) if such changes in female frequency in small fragments result in reduced seed production.

Thirty‐two populations of Lobelia spicata Lam., a gynodioecious species, were surveyed in 2000, 2001 and 2009 in the tallgrass prairie region of Midwestern North America (Illinois and Indiana, USA). Data were collected for: proportion of female plants, total number of flowering plants (measure of population size), seed set per plant and prairie fragment size (another measure of population size).

The proportion of females is more variable in smaller prairie fragments. Seed number per fruit decreases as the proportion of females increases in a population, but only significantly for female plants. The number of flowering plants is positively associated with fruit production for both genders. Populations within larger prairie fragments have higher seed production.

The reproductive consequences of habitat fragmentation depend on the plant breeding system. While both sexes were negatively impacted, females were more adversely affected.
Reduced‐dose plerixafor as a mobilization strategy in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: a proof of concept study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Aguirre Cesar Homero , Alvarado‐Navarro Dalila Marisol , Palomares‐Leal Alain , Mejía‐Jaramillo Gerardo , Salazar‐Riojas Rosario , León Andrés Gómez‐De , Colunga‐Pedraza Perla Rocío , Sotomayor‐Duque Guillermo , Jaime‐Pérez José Carlos , Cantú‐Rodríguez Olga Graciela , del Carmen Tarín‐Arzaga Luz , Flores‐Jiménez Juan Antonio , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an effective treatment for patients with relapsing myeloma or lymphoma, diseases associated with unsuccessful peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. Plerixafor is a potent mobilizing agent, allowing more CD34+ cells to be obtained; however, the main obstacle for its use is its high cost. Our aim was to demonstrate that of the use of reduced doses of plerixafor (RD‐plerixafor) can be sufficient to collect at least 2 × 106/Kg CD34+ PBSC in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or lymphoma undergoing ASCT.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwenty patients were mobilized with filgrastim (10 μg/kg/4 days) plus a single dose of plerixafor 0.12 mg/kg in Day 4. Apheresis collection was performed on Day 5. One vial of plerixafor was used for two patients. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03244930.RESULTSCell mobilization and collection was successful in 85% of patients (≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells per kilogram). The median collected CD34+ cell count was 4.62 × 106/kg (range, 1.27‐24.5). A 4.1‐fold‐increase in the median CD34+ PBSC pre‐count was observed (from 10.4/μl to 42.4/μl) after RD‐plerixafor administration. Seven patients had mild to moderate adverse events.CONCLUSIONRD‐plerixafor is an effective, safe, and affordable strategy to ensure adequate PBSC mobilization in patients with MM or lymphoma who undergo ASCT.
Decreased incidence of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia and faster anesthesia recovery with increased environmental temperature: A nonrandomized controlled study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Diaz Jenniffer M. , Hayes Galina M. , Boesch Jordyn , Martin‐Flores Manuel , Sumner Julia P. , Hayashi Kei , Ma Eureka , Todhunter Rory J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) incidence, risk factors, prevention methods, and effect of PIH prevention on anesthesia recovery times.Study designNonrandomized controlled before‐and‐after trial.AnimalsDogs (n = 277) and cats (n = 20) undergoing open surgery.MethodsIncidence and risk factors for PIH (core temperature <96.8°F), existing thermal care practices, and recovery times were documented at baseline. For group 1, a thermal care bundle consisting of protocol‐driven active warming combined with raised environmental temperatures (75°F) in induction rooms (IR) and operating rooms (OR) was implemented. Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence and recovery times were recorded. For group 2, baseline active warming practices were resumed while environmental temperatures remained elevated.ResultsPerioperative inadvertent hypothermia was associated with preoperative imaging (P = .039) and percentage clip area (P = .037). Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia decreased in group 1 (13.5%, n = 96, P < .001) and group 2 (13.0%, n = 100, P < .001) compared with baseline (35.6%, n = 101). Median time from anesthesia withdrawal to extubation decreased in group 1 (5 minutes, P = .028) and group 2 (5 minutes, P = .018) compared with baseline (7 minutes). Median time from anesthesia recovery to spontaneous food intake decreased in group 1 (6 hours, n = 92, P = .016) but not in group 2 (6.0 hours, n = 88, P = .060) compared with baseline (n = 94, 6.7 hours). No group differences in PIH risk factors were identified.ConclusionPerioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence was high but reducible by raising environmental temperatures alone or in combination with increased focus on active warming. Reductions in PIH shortened recovery times.Clinical significanceMaintaining IR and OR temperatures at the standard‐of‐care for human pediatric surgery reduces PIH and may improve outcomes.
Ointments containing Ceratothoa oestroides extract: Evaluation of their healing potential in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Meimeti Evangelia , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Manes Christos , Loupa Chariclia , Provatopoulou Xeni , Mostratos Dimitrios , Vitsos Andreas , Roussis Vassilios , Tzouvelekis Leonidas , Miriagou Vivi , Rallis Michail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiabetic foot ulceration is a common and severe complication of diabetes, causing substantial social, medical, and economic burdens. Treatment of foot ulcers remains challenging, thus requiring increasing awareness and more efficient management. This study investigates the efficacy of ointments, containing as main active ingredient the olive oil extract of the marine isopod Ceratothoa oestroides, in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Fifty‐two patients were allocated into four treatment groups either receiving therapy with an ointment containing extract of C. oestroides or extract of C. oestroides and eosin or extract of C. oestroides and cefaclor or no treatment. Patients were monitored for a period of 135 days by evaluation of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, planimetry, photo‐documentation, and clinical condition. Treatment with the extract of C. oestroides demonstrated significant healing properties that became evident after 45 days of treatment and resulted in complete ulcer healing in 61% of the patients. A significant improvement in transepidermal water loss (p < 0.001), skin hydration levels (p < 0.001), and wound area (p < 0.001) was observed in all patients. Similar efficacy was demonstrated for the combination of C. oestroides extract with eosin treatment (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the combination of C. oestroides extract with cefaclor antibiotic agent completely inhibited the healing properties of the isopod extract and did not improve water loss, skin hydration, or wound area. An important factor for C. oestroides extract healing properties is its selective activity against Gram negative bacteria. Ointments containing C. oestroides extract alone or combined with the antimicrobial agent eosin emerges as an effective regimen for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.