bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of blink dynamics using a high‐speed infrared imaging system
Authors: Navascues‐Cornago Maria , Morgan Philip B , Maldonado‐Codina Carole , Read Michael L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeDevelopment and validation of a non‐invasive imaging system to capture spontaneous blinking and characterise blink dynamics using a custom image analysis algorithm.MethodsA pilot study investigated the influence of illumination type on blink dynamics. Spontaneous blinking was recorded in eight subjects using a high‐speed camera under two illumination conditions: white light and infrared. Custom semi‐automated software assessed palpebral aperture height (PAH), blink rate, blink speed, blink completeness and blink duration. The main clinical study compared two different image analysis techniques. Spontaneous blinking was recorded in 20 subjects using a high‐speed infrared camera. Blink speed and duration were determined using two techniques: manual tracking and semi‐automated tracking. Agreement between the two techniques was assessed using Bland‐Altman analysis. Coefficients of repeatability (COR) were calculated for the semi‐automated technique.ResultsThere were significant differences between white light and infrared illumination for PAH (p < 0.0001), blink rate (p = 0.04), closing speed (p = 0.009), opening speed (p < 0.0001) and blink duration (p = 0.0003). The mean differences (95% limits of agreement) between the two techniques were 0.6 mm s−1 (−15.9 to 17.0) closing speed, 1.5 mm s−1 (−6.8 to 9.8) opening speed, 2.4 ms (−6.8 to 11.5) closed phase duration and 5.0 ms (−19.4 to 29.3) total blink duration. COR values were 10.1 mm s−1 closing speed, 3.7 mm s−1 opening speed, 6.7 ms closed phase duration and 11.2 ms total blink duration.ConclusionsThis study has shown that spontaneous blinking can be characterised using a non‐invasive imaging system. The semi‐automated analysis provides a rapid characterisation of blink dynamics, allowing its application in large‐scale trials in a number of clinical areas.
Coproducing Responses to COVID‐19 with Community‐Based Organizations: Lessons from Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Yu Jianxing , Shen Yongdong , Huang Biao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZhejiang Province achieved one of the best records in containing the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. What lessons can the world learn from it? What roles do community‐based organizations play in this success story? Based on more than 100 interviews during and after the outbreak in Zhejiang, this article provides a road map of how community‐based organizations were involved in the three distinct stages of Zhejiang's response to COVID‐19. The authors recommend that public sector leaders (1) strategically leverage the strengths of community‐based organizations at multiple stages of the COVID‐19 response; (2) incentivize volunteers to participate in epidemic prevention and control; (3) provide data infrastructure and digital tracking platforms; and (4) build trust and long‐term capacity of community‐based organizations.
Neogene marine sediments and biota encapsulated between lava flows on Santa Maria Island (Azores, north‐east Atlantic): An interplay between sedimentary, erosional and volcanic processes
Authors: Uchman Alfred , Johnson Markes E. , Ramalho Ricardo S. , Quartau Rui , Berning Björn , Hipólito Ana , Melo Carlos S. , Rebelo ANA C. , Cordeiro Ricardo , Ávila Sérgio P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSedimentary rocks are rarely preserved on reefless volcanic oceanic islands because their sediments are mostly exported from coastal areas towards the deep sea and such islands typically undergo subsidence. In contrast, the exceptional geological record of the uplifted Santa Maria Island (Azores) provides a unique opportunity to gain insight on such coastal systems. This study focuses on a locality at Ponta do Cedro (eastern Santa Maria Island), which features a series of marine fossiliferous sediments wedged between steep lava deltas. As demonstrated by local structure, these sediments correspond to clinoforms deposited on the steep submarine slope of an active volcanic island, implying transport from shallow waters to greater depths and subsequent colonization by benthic communities. Rapid volcanic progradation eventually sealed the deposits, allowing for their preservation and providing a rare snapshot of the ecology during those intervals, in addition to insights on sedimentary dynamics along submarine island slopes. This study reveals spatial relationships between wedges of sedimentary bodies encapsulated by lavas in the Ponta do Cedro section, and interprets depositional processes preserved in those strata based on sedimentological and palaeontological data. The dynamics of the environment are mostly related to relative sea‐level changes, intense volcanic activity and regional uplift during the Neogene.
Upper Cretaceous bottom current deposits, north‐east Greenland
Authors: Hovikoski Jussi , Uchman Alfred , Weibel Rikke , Nøhr‐Hansen Henrik , Sheldon Emma , Ineson Jon , Bjerager Morten , Therkelsen Jens , Olivarius Mette , Larsen Michael , Alsen Peter , Bojesen‐Koefoed Jørgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReported ancient bottom current deposits in deep marine settings are scarce and most of them remain contentious. This study describes sedimentological, ichnological and petrographical characteristics of a drill core that covers ca 10 Myr of Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy at Hold with Hope, north‐east Greenland. The core is divided into four facies associations, which are interpreted to reflect deposition from bottom currents, turbidity flows and hemipelagic settling in slope and/or near slope environments. The evidence for bottom current influence is three‐fold. Firstly, pervasive indications of winnowing such as marine bioclast‐rich lags and outsized clasts on ‘mud on mud’ contacts are suggestive of low‐sediment concentration flows capable of transporting up to pebble‐sized clasts. Common Mn–Fe–Mg rich carbonate matrix cements and various types of hiatal chemogenic lag deposits showing glauconite, apatite and carbonate clasts also point to condensation, prolonged exposure at the sediment–water interface and recurrent phases of sea‐floor erosion. Secondly, such deposits can show indicators for tidal processes such as double mud‐drapes, tangential bottom sets in dune‐scale cross‐bedding and cyclic rhythmites. Thirdly, inverse to normal grading at various scales is common in fully marine, commonly seafloor‐derived sediments. Ichnological data indicate considerable taxonomic variability in the bottom current deposits, but recurrent fabrics are characteristically dominated by morphologically simple burrows such as Thalassinoides and Planolites, with secondary Phycosiphon, Nereites, Zoophycos and/or Chondrites. In general, opportunistic taxa are common whereas mature composite ichnofabrics are rare. The omission surfaces are locally burrowed with stiffground to firmground trace fossil suites. The results contribute to establishing sedimentological, ichnological and mineralogical criteria for recognition of bottom current deposits as well as to the understanding of the Late Cretaceous palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Arctic region.
COVID‐19 in an HIV‐positive kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Kumar Rebecca N. , Tanna Sajal D. , Shetty Aneesha A. , Stosor Valentina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a case of a 50‐year‐old male with a history of HIV and kidney transplant who presented with SARS‐CoV‐2. We also present a review of COVID‐19 cases in kidney transplant recipients.
The use of English and linguistic hybridity among Emirati millennials
Authors: Hopkyns Sarah , Zoghbor Wafa , Hassall Peter John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor Emirati millennials, multilingualism is both typical and expected. Although Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the official language of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Emiratis mainly use Khaleeji (Gulf Arabic) dialects at home. English is the lingua franca and common medium of instruction with approximately 100 other languages also being spoken in the nation. While top‐down language policies overtly favor English and MSA, which appear on signage, in educational contexts, and online as two ‘pure’ languages placed side‐by‐side, language ‘on the ground’ is considerably more complex than as ‘planned’. This paper explores the language ideologies and language use of 100 Emirati university students through mixed‐method questionnaires and classroom observations recorded in researcher journals. Analysis of the data revealed creative translanguaging practices. It is argued that such grassroots hybridity could act as a counter‐discourse to rigid ‘English only’ expectations in English‐medium universities and policies advocating ‘pure and separate’ language use.
Impaired fasting glucose and development of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic population: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Kim Hyoungnae , Park Suyeon , Kwon Soon Hyo , Jeon Jin Seok , Han Dong Cheol , Noh Hyunjin 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the relationship between fasting glucose and CKD remains controversial in non-diabetic population. This study aimed to assess causal relationship between genetically predicted fasting glucose and incident CKD.Research design and methodsThis study included 5909 participants without diabetes and CKD from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. The genetic risk score (GRS9) was calculated using nine genetic variants associated with fasting glucose in previous genome-wide association studies. Incident CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2and/or proteinuria (≥1+). The causal relationship between fasting glucose and CKD was evaluated using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.ResultsThe GRS9was strongly associated with fasting glucose (β, 1.01; p<0.001). During a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 490 (8.3%) CKD events occurred. However, GRS9was not significantly different between participants with CKD events and those without. After adjusting for confounding factors, fasting glucose was not associated with incident CKD (OR 0.990; 95% CI 0.977 to 1.002; p=0.098). In the MR analysis, GRS9was not associated with CKD development (OR per 1 SD increase, 1.179; 95% CI 0.819 to 1.696; p=0.376). Further evaluation using various other MR methods and strict CKD criteria (decrease in the eGFR of ≥30% to a value of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) found no significant relationship between GRS9and incident CKD.ConclusionsFasting glucose was not causally associated with CKD development in non-diabetic population.
Mapping tuberculosis prevalence in Ethiopia: protocol for a geospatial meta-analysis
Authors: Alene Kefyalew Addis , Wagaw Zeleke Alebachew , Clements Archie C A 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB), a major public health concern in Ethiopia, is distributed heterogeneously across the country. Mapping TB prevalence at national and subnational levels can provide information for designing and implementing control strategies. Data for spatial analysis can be obtained through systematic review of the literature, and spatial prediction can be done by meta-analysis of published data (geospatial meta-analysis). Geospatial meta-analysis can increase the power of spatial analytic models by making use of all available data. It can also provide a means for spatial prediction where new survey data in a given area are sparse or not available. In this report, we present a protocol for a geospatial meta-analysis to investigate the spatial patterns of TB prevalence in Ethiopia.Methods and analysisTo conduct this study, a national TB prevalence survey, supplemented with data from a systematic review of published reports, will be used as the source of TB prevalence data. Systematic searching will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published up to 15 April 2020 to identify all potential publications reporting TB prevalence in Ethiopia. Data for covariates for multivariable analysis will be obtained from different, readily available sources. Extracted TB survey and covariate data will be georeferenced to specific locations or the centroids of small administrative areas. A binomial logistic regression model will be fitted to TB prevalence data using both fixed covariate effects and random geostatistical effects based on the approach of model-based geostatistics. Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation will be conducted to obtained posterior parameter estimations, including spatially predicted prevalence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this study as it will be based on deidentified, aggregate published data. The final report of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and will also be presented at relevant conferences.
Faecal microbiota transplant to ERadicate gastrointestinal carriage of Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (FERARO): a prospective, randomised placebo-controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Merrick Blair , Robinson Emily , Bunce Catey , Allen Liz , Bisnauthsing Karen , Izundu Chi Chi , Bell Jordana , Amos Gregory , Shankar-Hari Manu , Goodman Anna , Shawcross Debbie L , Goldenberg Simon D 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance is rising, largely due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The human gut is the largest reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Individuals colonised with ARB have the potential to spread these organisms both in the community and hospital settings. Infections with ARB such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase producing enterobacteriales (CPE) are more difficult to treat and are associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Presently, there is no effective decolonisation strategy for these ARB. Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has emerged as a potential strategy for decolonisation of ARB from the human gut, however there is significant uncertainty about the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of using this approach.Methods and analysisProspective, randomised, patient-blinded, placebo-controlled feasibility trial of FMT to eradicate gastrointestinal carriage of ARB. Eighty patients with a recent history of invasive infection secondary to ESBL-E or CPE and persistent gastrointestinal carriage will be randomised 1:1 to receive encapsulated FMT or placebo. The primary outcome measure is consent rate (as a proportion of patients who fulfil inclusion/exclusion criteria); this will be used to determine if a substantive trial is feasible. Participants will be followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and monitored for adverse events as well as gastrointestinal carriage rates of ARB after intervention.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained by London—City and East Research Ethics Committee (ref 20/LO/0117). Trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN registration number 34 467 677 and EudraCT number 2019-001618-41.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) performed by optometrists for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jones Lee , Konstantakopoulou Evgenia , Gazzard Gus 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionIn the UK, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence are amending guidelines to support use of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as a first-line treatment for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The procedure is quick, effective in lowering intraocular pressure, cost-effective for the National Health Service and offers an equivalent safety profile to other therapies. The procedure is typically performed by an ophthalmologist; however, there is potential for suitably trained non-medical professionals to deliver the therapy. This scoping review will identify service delivery models where SLT is delivered by non-medical professionals worldwide, with a focus on optometrists.Methods and analysisA systematic search of the following databases will be conducted: CINAHL; MEDLINE Complete; Embase; HMIC and Ovid Emcare. For inclusion, studies must examine healthcare models of SLT delivery by optometrists and describe one of the following outcomes: training procedures; clinical effectiveness; safety and cost-effectiveness. A search of grey literature will be conducted via professional societies; national health departments; medicine regulatory bodies; charities and conference proceedings. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-texts articles, followed by charting of data. This evidence synthesis will summarise findings narratively, supplemented with tables and descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThe review focuses on published articles and therefore ethical approval is not required. The findings will be relevant to key stakeholders including health service managers, policymakers, clinicians and patients. The findings of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and summary reports for key stakeholders.
In-depth plasma proteomics reveals increase in circulating PD-1 during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Babačić Haris , Lehtiö Janne , Pico de Coaña Yago , Pernemalm Maria , Eriksson Hanna 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the outcome in metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM). However, therapy response is limited to subgroups of patients and clinically useful predictive biomarkers are lacking.MethodsTo discover treatment-related systemic changes in plasma and potential biomarkers associated with treatment outcome, we analyzed serial plasma samples from 24 patients with metastatic CM, collected before and during ICI treatment, with mass-spectrometry-based global proteomics (high-resolution isoelectric focusing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HiRIEF LC-MS/MS)) and targeted proteomics with proximity extension assays (PEAs). In addition, we analyzed plasma proteomes of 24 patients with metastatic CM treated with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKis), to pinpoint changes in protein plasma levels specific to the ICI treatment. To detect plasma proteins associated with treatment response, we performed stratified analyses in anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) responders and non-responders. In addition, we analyzed the association between protein plasma levels and progression-free survival (PFS) by Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsUnbiased HiRIEF LC-MS/MS-based proteomics showed plasma levels’ alterations related to anti-PD-1 treatment in 80 out of 1160 quantified proteins. Circulating PD-1 had the highest increase during anti-PD-1 treatment (log2-FC=2.03, p=0.0008) and in anti-PD-1 responders (log2-FC=2.09, p=0.005), but did not change in the MAPKis cohort. Targeted, antibody-based proteomics by PEA confirmed this observation. Anti-PD-1 responders had an increase in plasma proteins involved in T-cell response, neutrophil degranulation, inflammation, cell adhesion, and immune suppression. Furthermore, we discovered new associations between plasma proteins (eg, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, proline-rich acidic protein 1, desmocollin 3, C-C motif chemokine ligands 2, 3 and 4, vascular endothelial growth factor A) and PFS, which may serve as predictive biomarkers.ConclusionsWe detected an increase in circulating PD-1 during anti-PD-1 treatment, as well as diverse immune plasma proteomic signatures in anti-PD-1 responders. This study demonstrates the potential of plasma proteomics as a liquid biopsy method and in discovery of putative predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 treatment in metastatic CM.
Assessment of computed tomography perfusion software in predicting spatial location and volume of infarct in acute ischemic stroke patients: a comparison of Sphere, Vitrea, and RAPID
Authors: Rava Ryan A , Snyder Kenneth V , Mokin Maxim , Waqas Muhammad , Zhang Xiaoliang , Podgorsak Alexander R , Allman Ariana B , Senko Jillian , Shiraz Bhurwani Mohammad Mahdi , Hoi Yiemeng , Davies Jason M , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H , Ionita Ciprian N 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCT perfusion (CTP) infarct and penumbra estimations determine the eligibility of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for endovascular intervention. This study aimed to determine volumetric and spatial agreement of predicted RAPID, Vitrea, and Sphere CTP infarct with follow-up fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI infarct.Methods108 consecutive patients with AIS and large vessel occlusion were included in the study between April 2019 and January 2020 . Patients were divided into two groups: endovascular intervention (n=58) and conservative treatment (n=50). Intervention patients were treated with mechanical thrombectomy and achieved successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/2 c/3) while patients in the conservative treatment group did not receive mechanical thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis. Intervention and conservative treatment patients were included to assess infarct and penumbra estimations, respectively. It was assumed that in all patients treated conservatively, penumbra converted to infarct. CTP infarct and penumbra volumes were segmented from RAPID, Vitrea, and Sphere to assess volumetric and spatial agreement with follow-up FLAIR MRI.ResultsMean infarct differences (95% CIs) between each CTP software and FLAIR MRI for each cohort were: intervention cohort: RAPID=9.0±7.7 mL, Sphere=−0.2±8.7 mL, Vitrea=−7.9±8.9 mL; conservative treatment cohort: RAPID=−31.9±21.6 mL, Sphere=−26.8±17.4 mL, Vitrea=−15.3±13.7 mL. Overlap and Dice coefficients for predicted infarct were (overlap, Dice): intervention cohort: RAPID=(0.57, 0.44), Sphere=(0.68, 0.60), Vitrea=(0.70, 0.60); conservative treatment cohort: RAPID=(0.71, 0.56), Sphere=(0.73, 0.60), Vitrea=(0.72, 0.64).ConclusionsSphere proved the most accurate in patients who had intervention infarct assessment as Vitrea and RAPID overestimated and underestimated infarct, respectively. Vitrea proved the most accurate in penumbra assessment for patients treated conservatively although all software overestimated penumbra.
Correspondence between Feynman diagrams and operators in quantum field theory that emerges from tensor model
Authors: Amburg N. , Itoyama H. , Mironov Andrei , Morozov Alexei , Vasiliev D. , Yoshioka R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel functorial relationship in perturbative quantum field theory is pointed out that associates Feynman diagrams (FD) having no external line in one theory $$\mathbf{Th}_1$$Th1 with singlet operators in another one $$\mathbf{Th}_2$$Th2 having an additional $$U(\mathcal{N})$$U(N) symmetry and is illustrated by the case where $$\mathbf{Th}_1$$Th1 and $$\mathbf{Th}_2$$Th2 are respectively the rank $$r-1$$r-1 and the rank r complex tensor model. The values of FD in $$\mathbf{Th}_1$$Th1 agree with the large $$\mathcal{N}$$N limit of the Gaussian average of those operators in $$\mathbf{Th}_2$$Th2. The recursive shift in rank by this FD functor converts numbers into vectors, then into matrices, then into rank 3 tensors and so on. This FD functor can straightforwardly act on the d dimensional tensorial quantum field theory (QFT) counterparts as well. In the case of rank 2-rank 3 correspondence, it can be combined with the geometrical pictures of the dual of the original FD, namely, equilateral triangulations (Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfant) to form a triality which may be regarded as a bulk-boundary correspondence.