bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability of the summer wind energy over China: A comparison of multiple datasets
Authors: Yu Jiang , Zhou Tianjun , Jiang Zhihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause of the increase in the nation's need for wind energy, the impacts of climate change on wind energy have been investigated. In addition to long‐term changes, wind energy also shows robust interannual variations, but little effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the impact of El Niño on the summer mean wind power density (WPD) over China is investigated. The abilities of five sets of reanalysis data in measuring the interannual variability of the WPD over China are assessed. Encouraging results are seen for all reanalysis datasets, with the MERRA and ERA‐Interim datasets showing the best performance. The relationship between El Niño and the following summer WPD is identified over China. During El Niño decaying year summers, the WPD over south of the Yangtze River valley increases, whereas the WPD over north of the Yangtze River valley decreases. The WPD changes are dominated by an anomalous anticyclone located in the northwestern Pacific. The anticyclone leads to strong southerly winds in southern China and thereby enhances the WPD. In regions north of the Yangtze River valley, the low surface pressure gradient causes a reduction in wind speed and thereby a weak WPD. Because the year‐by‐year variation in El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is highly predictable, our results shed light on the seasonal prediction of wind power over China.
Assessing Methods for Detecting Island Spotted Skunks
Authors: Bolas Ellen C. , Sollmann Rahel , Crooks Kevin R. , Shaskey Laura , Boser Christina L. , Bakker Victoria J. , Dillon Adam , Van Vuren Dirk H. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIsland spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) are endemic to 2 of the California Channel Islands (CA, USA)—Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa. The status of skunks is uncertain, although incidental captures in traps set for island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) suggest that skunks have declined to low numbers. We superimposed wildlife cameras at fox traps in 2016 and 2017 to provide a second measure of skunk detectability. On both islands, detection rates of skunks with fox traps (0.92/100 operating nights) and with cameras (0.72/100 operating nights) did not differ during summer, indicating the 2 methods are of similar reliability for detecting skunks. In 2017, skunk detections with cameras increased from summer to early winter, suggesting monitoring in winter may improve survey efforts. Low detection rates of island spotted skunks (<1/100 operating nights) were comparable to those of other spotted skunk populations that are considered rare. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Vitamin and trace element concentrations in infants and children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Joyce Triona , Rasmussen Pernille , Melhem Nabil , Clothier Joanna , Booth Caroline , Sinha Manish D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
There are limited data regarding vitamin and trace element blood concentrations and supplementation needs in children with non-dialysis stages 3–5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional review for nutritional blood concentrations measured over a recent 2-year period. In our CKD clinics, nutritional bloods including copper, zinc, selenium and vitamin A, vitamin E, active vitamin B12 and folate are monitored annually. Vitamin D status is monitored every 6–12 months.

Results
We reviewed 112 children (70 boys) with median (IQ1, IQ3) age 8.97 (4.24, 13.80) years. Estimated median (IQ1, IQ3) GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) was 28 (21, 37). Vitamin A, active vitamin B12 and vitamin E concentrations were within normal range in 19%, 23% and 67% respectively, with all others being above normal range. Vitamin D blood concentrations were within desired range for 85% (15% had low levels) and folate blood concentrations were within normal range in 92%, with the remainder above or below target. For trace elements, 60%, 85% and 87% achieved normal ranges for zinc, selenium and copper respectively. Deficiencies were seen for zinc (35%), copper (7%), folate (3%) and selenium (1%), whilst 5%, 6% and 14% had zinc, copper and selenium levels above normal ranges.

Conclusions
Several vitamin and trace element blood concentrations were outside normal reference ranges. Monitoring vitamin D and zinc blood concentrations is indicated due to the percentages with low levels in this group. Targeted vitamin and trace element supplementation should be considered where indicated rather than commencing multivitamin and/or mineral supplementation.
Die Erweiterung der umweltrechtsbehelfsfähigen Gegenstände auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Guckelberger Annette 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungBei den umweltrechtsbehelfsfähigen Gegenständen folgt der UmwRG-Gesetzgeber weiterhin dem
Enumerationsprinzip, während Art. 9 Abs. 3 Aarhus-Konvention generalklauselartig formuliert ist.
Damit stellt sich die Frage der unions- und völkerrechtskonformen Ausgestaltung des deutschen Umweltrechtsschutzes.
Der Beitrag beleuchtet, wie die Gerichte mit diesem schwierigen Problem umgehen. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt,
dass angesichts unzureichender Umsetzung der Rechtsschutzvorgaben gegenüber Maßnahmen bzw. Unterlassungen
der Organe und Einrichtungen der Union es wohl die nationalen Gerichte sind, die derartige Rechtsschutzlücken
schließen müssten.
The impact of alphabet size on pattern complexity of maxmin-$$\omega$$ cellular automata
Authors: Patel Ebrahim L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present an analysis of an additive cellular automaton (CA) under asynchronous dynamics. The asynchronous scheme is maxmin-$$\omega$$ω, a deterministic system, introduced in our previous work with a binary alphabet. Extending this work, we study the impact of a larger alphabet, which also allows a meaningful inference of the behaviour of the resultant CA from the asymptotic behaviour of the maxmin-$$\omega$$ω update system. Far from being a straightforward positive correlation between complexity and alphabet size, we show that there is a region of $$\omega$$ω and alphabet size where complexity of CA is maximal. Thus, despite employing a fixed CA rule, the complexity of this CA can be controlled by $$\omega$$ω and alphabet size. The main message is that the effect of maxmin-$$\omega$$ω updating on the state of a network can be well understood, especially if the state alphabet is counter-intuitively large.
Foaming of Acid-Hydrolyzed Insoluble Microalgae Proteins from Chlorella protothecoides
Authors: Dai Laixin , Shivananda Rashmi , Hinrichs Jörg , Weiss Jochen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroalgae are considered to be a promising alternative protein source after extraction and fractionation. Studies have shown that the insoluble protein fraction possesses interfacial activity and is able to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions after acid hydrolysis. The current work studied the surface pressure and foaming properties of the insoluble microalgae protein fraction obtained from Chlorella protothecoides and two of their hydrolysates. Results showed that the surface pressure of the three used protein fractions increased with increasing protein concentration. Moreover, surface pressure of the insoluble microalgae protein increased after hydrolysis at 65 °C (Hydrolysates 65) or 85 °C (Hydrolysates 85) suggesting an increased foaming capacity of the insoluble microalgae protein fraction after hydrolysis. Hydrolysates 85 had the highest foam capacity, and foams remained stable with a half-life time of over 5 h. Overall, hydrolysis of the insoluble microalgae protein fraction with 0.5 M HCl at 85 °C for 4 h resulted in generation of protein fragments that appear to be very suitable to stabilize air-water interfaces in foam-based foods.
Development of Non-reactive F-Free Mold Fluxes for High Aluminum Steels: Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics for Devitrification
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Li Qiangqi , Medeiros Samuel Lucas Santos , Klug Jeferson Leandro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It is necessary to study crystallization from glass (devitrification) for non-reactive F-free CaO-Al2O3 based mold fluxes; this is especially important for the development of mold fluxes for continuous casting of high aluminum steels. To the knowledge of the authors, there is no report in the literature regarding devitrification of F-free mold fluxes based on the CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-Na2O-Li2O system. Therefore, crystallization kinetics for particular compositions in this system, with different w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) ratios, was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Field-Emission Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction techniques. The first crystal, which precipitates during heating from glass, is Ca12Al14O33, followed by CaO. For the first crystal, which precipitates as plate-like (2-dimensional), it was found that, when using the Matusita–Sakka model, agreement between the calculated Avrami parameters and the micrographs obtained from electron microscope was reached. In the same way, agreement was found for the second event—CaO precipitation—which grows 2-dimensionally or 3-dimensionally, depending on the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) ratio. The most important event (in terms of energy liberated and amount of crystals) is Ca12Al14O33 precipitation. For this event, the effective activation energy for crystallization, E
G, decreases with the increase of w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) ratio. The activation energy for crystallization reflects the energy barrier for crystallization. Thus, it can be concluded that mold fluxes crystallization during heating is enhanced when increasing the w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) ratio, for constant contents of B2O3, Na2O, and Li2O.
Nanoscale image of the drug/metal mono-layer interaction: Tapping AFM-IR investigations
Authors: Piergies Natalia , Dazzi Alexandre , Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Mathurin Jérémie , Oćwieja Magdalena , Paluszkiewicz Czesława , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe application of metal nanoparticles as an efficient drug delivery system is one of the directions of cancer therapy development. However, this strategy requires precise information about how the drug interacts with the applied nanocarrier. In this study, atomic force microscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) was used for the first time to investigate the erlotinib adsorption structure on two different types of 15 nm metal nanoparticle mono-layers, namely, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mono-layers. Because the metal nanoparticles are loosely bound samples, only the tapping AFM-IR mode is suitable for the collection of IR maps and spectra for such a system. The obtained results indicated the relevance of the AFM-IR technique for characterizing drug interactions with a metal mono-layer surface. The investigated drug interacts with the AgNPs mainly through phenyl rings and methoxy moieties, while quinazoline, amino, and ethoxy moieties appear to be farther from the surface. For the AuNPs, the interaction occurs through both the phenyl ring and the quinazoline moiety. Additionally, the aliphatic groups of erlotinib directly participate in this interaction. The novelty of the present work is also related to the use of the tapping AFM-IR mode to study metal NP mono-layers with a drug adsorbed on them. The collected IR maps for the most enhanced erlotinib bands show specific areas with very high signal intensity. The connection between these areas and the “hot spots” typical for the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon of metals is considered.
Mitral regurgitation: when to intervene?
Authors: Bergstra A. , Simsek C. , van den Heuvel A. F. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common valvular heart disease, it should be regarded as a complex multifactorial disease that involves multiple entities. Optimal medical therapy alone does not hinder the progression of the disease, and in the 1980s it was already recognised that corrective surgery is indicated if MR is severe and patients are symptomatic (except for those with the most severe left ventricle dysfunction). Later on, asymptomatic patients with deterioration of the left ventricular ejection fraction were also operated on to avoid irreversible left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and eventually death. However, a major drawback remains the fact that a significant group of patients is considered to have a high perioperative risk due to their advanced age or severe comorbidities. Since less invasive, percutaneous interventions have been developed and recently thoroughly investigated in the MITRA-FR and the COAPT studies, the type of intervention and also the timing have become more crucial. In this critical review of the literature, we describe what we should have learned from the past and which (haemodynamic) parameters can best predict the outcome in patients with MR.
Groundwork for the Mechanics of Morals
Authors: Kolers Avery 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEthics is a skill set. But what skill set is it? An answer to this question would help make progress for both theory and moral agency. I argue that moral performance may best be understood on the model of athletic performance; both moral and athletic performance are rule-structured unions of efficiency and inefficiency, enabling us to engage in the wholehearted and autonomous pursuit of goals subject to constraints. By understanding how athletics demands embodied performance, we better understand moral demand and wrongdoing: less moral psychology, more moral kinesiology.
On Being Ugly in Public: The Politics of the Grotesque in Naked Protests
Authors: Fanghanel Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSexualized naked protest using young and attractive women's bodies have long featured in the repertoire of protest tools for interventions in public space. Antirape feminist groups and nonhuman-animal rights activist groups, in particular, have mobilized these bodies to attract attention to their causes. Contemporary debates have suggested that these sorts of protest are objectionable, and that they are entwined with contemporary rape culture. This article complicates these accounts by considering what happens when the naked body is presented as a grotesquery in the service of these apparently emancipatory politics.Analyzing two instances of naked protest as case studies, this article examines what happens to naked protest when the bodies protesting are “ugly” or are rendered so. The analysis suggests that naked protest featuring bodies that are “ugly” harbors the possibility of mobilizing a transgressive politics beyond contemporary rape culture. This article has implications for better understanding how to mobilize protest in a way that is transgressive and bold without further enshrining rape culture as the normative background against which it takes place.
A regional initiative to improve cleaning of high-touch surfaces in long-term care facilities
Authors: Calfee David P. , O’Neil Robert P. , Sylvester Quin , Bosk Jared M. , Sumer King Zeynep , Langguth Karyn , Lutterloh Emily C. , Blog Debra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA total of 38 long-term care facilities within a region participated in a 3-month quality improvement initiative focused on environmental cleaning and disinfection. Significant improvements in daily and discharge cleaning were observed during the project period. Further study of the sustainability and clinical impact of this type of initiative is warranted.
PUBLISHING NATURE IN THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS: JOSEPH BANKS, GEORG FORSTER, AND THE PLANTS OF THE PACIFIC
Authors: ROSE EDWIN D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe construction and distribution of books containing large copperplate images was of great importance to practitioners of natural history during the eighteenth century. This article examines the case of the botanist and president of the Royal Society Sir Joseph Banks (1743–1820), who attempted to publish a series of images based on the botanical illustrations produced by Georg Forster (1754–94) on Cook's second voyage of exploration (1772–5) during the 1790s. The analysis reveals how the French Revolution influenced approaches to constructing and distributing works of natural history in Britain, moving beyond commercial studies of book production to show how Banks's political agenda shaped the taxonomic content and distribution of this publication. Matters were complicated by Forster's association with radical politics and the revolutionary ideologies attached to materials collected in the Pacific by the 1790s. Banks's response to the Revolution influenced the distribution of this great work, showing how British loyalist agendas interacted with scientific practice and shaped the diffusion of natural knowledge in the revolutionary age.
Orchestrating DDoS mitigation via blockchain-based network provider collaborations
Authors: Pavlidis Adam , Dimolianis Marinos , Giotis Kostas , Anagnostou Loukas , Kostopoulos Nikolaos , Tsigkritis Theocharis , Kotinas Ilias , Kalogeras Dimitrios , Maglaris Vasilis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Network providers either attempt to handle massive distributed denial-of-service attacks themselves or redirect traffic to third-party scrubbing centers. If providers adopt the first option, it is sensible to counter such attacks in their infancy via provider collaborations deploying distributed security mechanisms across multiple domains in an attack path. This motivated our work presented in this paper. Specifically, we investigate the establishment of trusted federations among adjacent and disjoint network domains, that is, autonomous systems (ASes) that collectively mitigate malicious traffic. Our approach is based on Distributed Ledger Technologies for signaling, coordination, and orchestration of a collaborative mitigation schema via appropriate blockchain-based smart contracts. Reputation scores are used to rank ASes based on their mitigation track record. The allocation of defense resources across multiple collaborators is modeled as a combinatorial optimization problem considering reputation scores and network flow weights. Malicious flows are mitigated using programmable network data paths within the eXpress Data Path (XDP) framework; this enables operators with enhanced packet processing throughput and advanced filtering flexibility. Our schema was implemented in a proof-of-concept prototype and tested under realistic network conditions.
Nurturing Meaningful Intergenerational Social Engagements to Support Healthy Brain Aging for Anishinaabe Older Adults
Authors: Cornect-Benoit Ashley , Pitawanakwat Karen ,   Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory Collaborating First Nation Community, Walker Jennifer , Manitowabi Darrel , Jacklin Kristen 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe emergence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in Indigenous populations across Canada is of rising concern, as prevalence rates continue to exceed those of non-Indigenous populations. The Intergenerativity Model, guided by Indigenous Ways of Knowing, nurtures a psychosocial approach to promoting healthy brain aging and quality of life. Community-based participatory action methods led by interviews, focus groups, and program observations aid in identifying the barriers to and facilitators of success for intergenerational social engagements in the Anishinaabe community of Wiikwemkoong in northwestern Ontario. A qualitative thematic analysis guides future recommendations for programming opportunities that foster traditional roles of older First Nation adults and support intergenerational relationships. The results of this project elicit culturally appropriate recommendations for community-driven supports that address healthy brain aging. These outcomes are relevant to other Indigenous communities as the framework for determining that culturally appropriate health supports can be adapted to the unique context of many communities.
Dormancy breakage and germination are tightly controlled by hypoxic submergence water on Echinochloa crus-galli seeds from an accession resistant to anaerobic germination
Authors: Echeverry Holguín Juliana , Crepy María , Striker Gustavo G. , Mollard Federico P.O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn wetlands, dormancy may be a key functional trait enabling seeds to avoid underwater germination, which could be lethal for seedling establishment. Our objectives were to find out (i) if shallow dormant (i.e. conditionally dormant) Echinochloa crus-galli seeds from an anaerobic germination resistant accession can break dormancy under hypoxic submergence and (ii) if underwater germination can be restored in scarified, non-dormant seeds. Shallow dormant E. crus-galli seeds perceived diurnally alternating temperatures (AT) and red light (R) pulses (i.e. dormancy-breaking cues) under hypoxic submergence; however, an inhibitory far-red light pulse given at the end of the 4-d inundation period demonstrated that most of the seeds (85%) were unable to break dormancy. Scarified E. crus-galli seeds, which did not express dormancy under drained conditions, were unable to germinate under hypoxic submergence, despite being exposed to dormancy-breaking cues (AT + R). Lastly, the temporal window for germination sensitivity to the inhibitory action of hypoxia, once dormancy-breaking signals have been applied, is progressively lost and bounded to approximately 18 h for half of the seed lot. These results highlight the importance of dormancy as a trait enabling E. crus-galli seeds to avoid underwater germination, a risky scenario for seedling emergence and establishment in this facultative hydrophyte.
Stereological study of organelle distribution in human oocytes at metaphase I
Authors: Coelho Sofia , Pires-Luís Ana Sílvia , Oliveira Elsa , Alves Ângela , Leal Carla , Cunha Mariana , Barreiro Márcia , Barros Alberto , Sá Rosália , Sousa Mário 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe have previously presented a stereological analysis of organelle distribution in human prophase I oocytes. In the present study, using a similar stereological approach, we quantified the distribution of organelles in human metaphase I (MI) oocytes also retrieved after ovarian stimulation. Five MI oocytes were processed for transmission electron microscopy and a classical manual stereological technique based on point-counting with an adequate stereological grid was used. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–WhitneyU-tests with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the means of relative volumes (Vv) occupied by organelles. In all oocyte regions, the most abundant organelles were mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) elements. No significant differences were observed in Vv of mitochondria, dictyosomes, lysosomes, or SER small and medium vesicles, tubular aggregates and tubules. Significant differences were observed in other organelle distributions: cortical vesicles presented a higher Vv (P= 0.004) in the cortex than in the subcortex (0.96% vs 0.1%) or inner cytoplasm (0.96% vs 0.1%), vesicles with dense granular contents had a higher Vv (P= 0.005) in the cortex than in the subcortex (0.1% vs 0%), and SER large vesicles exhibited a higher Vv (P= 0.011) in the inner cytoplasm than in the subcortex (0.2% vs 0%). Future stereological analysis of metaphase II oocytes and a combined quantitative data of mature and immature oocytes, will enable a better understanding of oocyte organelle distribution duringin vivomaturation. Combined with molecular approaches, this may help improve stimulation protocols andin vitromaturation methods.