bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propionate supplementation promotes the expansion of peripheral regulatory T-Cells in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Meyer Fabian , Seibert Felix S. , Nienen Mikalai , Welzel Marius , Beisser Daniela , Bauer Frederic , Rohn Benjamin , Westhoff Timm H. , Stervbo Ulrik , Babel Nina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer from a progressively increasing low-grade systemic inflammation, which is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in regulation of the inflammatory process. Previously, it has been demonstrated that short-chain fatty acids reduce inflammation in the central nervous system in a murine model of multiple sclerosis through an increase in tissue infiltrating Tregs. Here, we evaluated the effect of the short-chain fatty acid propionate on the chronic inflammatory state and T-cell composition in ESRD patients. Analyzing ESRD patients and healthy blood donors before, during, and 60 days after the propionate supplementation by multiparametric flow cytometry we observed a gradual and significant expansion in the frequencies of CD25highCD127−Tregs in both groups. Phenotypic characterization suggests that polarization of naïve T cells towards Tregs is responsible for the observed expansion. In line with this, we observed a significant reduction of inflammatory marker CRP under propionate supplementation. Of interest, the observed anti-inflammatory surroundings did not affect the protective pathogen-specific immunity as demonstrated by the stable frequencies of effector/memory T cells specific for tetanus/diphtheria recall antigens. Collectively, our data suggest that dietary supplements with propionate have a beneficial effect on the elevated systemic inflammation of ESRD patients. The effect can be achieved through an expansion of circulating Tregs without affecting the protective pathogen-reactive immunity.
Influence of Carbide-Promoting Elements on the Microstructure of High-Silicon Ductile Iron
Authors: Riebisch M. , Pustal B. , Bührig-Polaczek A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBecause of its low cost, steel scrap is one of the most important raw materials for the production of ductile iron (DI). The amount of carbide-promoting elements in steel scrap, such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium, is expected to increase in the future. Most of these elements have a negative impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DI. The solubility of carbide-promoting elements in solid solution-strengthened DI materials, standardized in DIN EN 1563:2011, is modified by the high silicon content. For these new materials, the tolerance limits for carbide-promoting elements and their mutual influence must be known to ensure a sustainable production process. To investigate the individual and combined impact of carbide-promoting elements on the carbide content in high-silicon ductile iron EN-GJS-500-14, experimental investigations and thermodynamic–kinetic microstructure simulations were carried out. Microstructure was characterized using metallographic analysis, and quantitative relations between chemical composition and microstructure were developed by means of regression analysis. Besides this quantitative analysis, it was found that the formation of grain boundary carbides can be detected via thermal analysis. Furthermore, experiments and simulations showed that vanadium promotes the formation of chunky graphite in high-silicon DI castings.
Universal decomposed Banach spaces
Authors: Banakh Taras , Garbulińska-Wȩgrzyn Joanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet$${\mathcal {B}}$$Bbe a class of finite-dimensional Banach spaces. A$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-decomposed Banach spaceis a Banach spaceXendowed with a family$${\mathcal {B}}_X\subset {\mathcal {B}}$$BX⊂Bof subspaces ofXsuch that each$$x\in X$$x∈Xcan be uniquely written as the sum of an unconditionally convergent series$$\sum _{B\in {\mathcal {B}}_X}x_B$$∑B∈BXxBfor some$$(x_B)_{B\in {\mathcal {B}}_X}\in \prod _{B\in {\mathcal {B}}_X}B$$(xB)B∈BX∈∏B∈BXB. For every$$B\in {\mathcal {B}}_X$$B∈BXlet$$\mathrm {pr}_B:X\rightarrow B$$prB:X→Bdenote the coordinate projection. Let$$C\subset [-1,1]$$C⊂[-1,1]be a closed convex set with$$C\cdot C\subset C$$C·C⊂C. TheC-decomposition constant$$K_C$$KCof a$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-decomposed Banach space$$(X,{\mathcal {B}}_X)$$(X,BX)is the smallest number$$K_C$$KCsuch that for every function$$\alpha :{\mathcal {F}}\rightarrow C$$α:F→Cfrom a finite subset$${\mathcal {F}}\subset {\mathcal {B}}_X$$F⊂BXthe operator$$T_\alpha =\sum _{B\in {\mathcal {F}}}\alpha (B)\cdot \mathrm {pr}_B$$Tα=∑B∈Fα(B)·prBhas norm$$\Vert T_\alpha \Vert \le K_C$$‖Tα‖≤KC. By$$\varvec{{\mathcal {B}}}_C$$BCwe denote the class of$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-decomposed Banach spaces withC-decomposition constant$$K_C\le 1$$KC≤1. Using the technique of Fraïssé theory, we construct a rational$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-decomposed Banach space$$\mathbb {U}_C\in \varvec{{\mathcal {B}}}_C$$UC∈BCwhich contains an almost isometric copy of each$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-decomposed Banach space$$X\in \varvec{{\mathcal {B}}}_C$$X∈BC. If$${\mathcal {B}}$$Bis the class of all 1-dimensional (resp. finite-dimensional) Banach spaces, then$$\mathbb {U}_{C}$$UCis isomorphic to the complementably universal Banach space for the class of Banach spaces with an unconditional (f.d.) basis, constructed by Pełczyński (and Wojtaszczyk).
Sexual Interest in Children Among Women in Two Nonclinical and Nonrepresentative Online Samples
Authors: Tozdan Safiye , Dekker Arne , Neutze Janina , Santtila Pekka , Briken Peer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Regarding women, little research is available about the prevalence of sexual interest in children (SIC), especially in nonclinical samples.

Aim
The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which adult women from 2 nonclinical and nonrepresentative samples indicate sexual interest in prepubescent and/or pubescent children.

Methods
Participants took part in an online survey either via general websites or via websites directed toward individuals with a SIC.

Main Outcome Measures
The self-report survey included questions about the use of online abuse material including children and teenagers as well as about sexual fantasies involving prepubescent and pubescent children. Both measures were included as main outcome measures.

Results
Results showed that few women reported having used online abuse material including children (total sample: n = 7 [0.8%], general websites: n = 3 [0.4%], SIC websites: n = 4 [9.5%]) or teenagers (total sample: n = 44 [5.0%], general websites: n = 37 [4.4%], SIC websites: n = 7 [16.7%]). Results further revealed that some women reported sexual fantasies involving prepubescent (total sample: n = 98 [7.0%], general websites: n = 92 [6.8%], SIC websites: n = 6 [11.1%]) or pubescent children (total sample: n = 136 [9.6%], general websites: n = 129 [9.5%], SIC websites: n = 7 [13.0%]).

Conclusions
The samples included are nonrepresentative and therefore not generalizable to the female population. Nevertheless, they strongly suggest that SIC is a phenomenon also found in women. We therefore recommend professionals in the field of sexual medicine to increase their attention and engagement for women with SIC. Based on the present results, the development of preventive treatment services specifically tailored to women with a SIC has to be strongly encouraged in the near future.
Tozdan S, Dekker A, Neutze J, et al. Sexual Interest in Children Among Women in Two Nonclinical and Nonrepresentative Online Samples. Sex Med 2020;8:251–264.
An assessment of racial differences in epidemiological, clinical and psychosocial factors among head and neck cancer patients at the time of surgery
Authors: Kompelli Anvesh , Cartmell Kathleen B. , Sterba Katherine R. , Alberg Anthony J. , Xiao Christopher C. , Sood Amit J. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , White‐Gilbertson Shai J. , Rosenzweig Steven A. , Day Terry A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveRacial disparities have been well characterized and African American (AA) patients have 30% lower 5‐year survival rates than European Americans (EAs) for head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). This poorer survival can be attributed to a myriad of different factors. The purpose of this study was to characterize AA‐EA similarities and differences in sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics in HNSCC patients near the time of surgery.MethodsSetting: Single tertiary care center. Participants: Thirty‐nine newly diagnosed, untreated HNSCC patients (n = 24 EAs,n = 15 AAs) who were to undergo surgery were recruited. Study Design: Cross‐sectional study Sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and disease factors (cancer site, AJCC clinical and pathologic stage, and HPV status)were assessed. Risk factors, leisure time, quality of life and social support were also assessed using validated questionnaires. Exposures: EA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors assessed. AAs had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to EAs and significantly increased time to treatment.ResultsEA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors assessed. AAs had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to EAs. AAs also had significantly increased time to treatment (P = 0.05). The majority of AA patients (62%) had later stage pathologic disease. AA were less likely to complete high school or college (P = 0.01) than their EA counterparts. Additionally, AAs were more likely to report having a gap in health insurance during the past decade (37% vs. 15%).ConclusionsThis preliminary study demonstrates a similar profile of demographics, clinical and psychosocial characteristics preoperatively for AAs and EAs. Key differences were AAs tending to have later pathologic stage disease, educational status, delays in treatment initiation, and gaps in health insurance.
Social Media Use in Emergency Response to Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review With a Public Health Perspective
Authors: Muniz-Rodriguez Kamalich , Ofori Sylvia K. , Bayliss Lauren C. , Schwind Jessica S. , Diallo Kadiatou , Liu Manyun , Yin Jingjing , Chowell Gerardo , Fung Isaac Chun-Hai 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSocial media research during natural disasters has been presented as a tool to guide response and relief efforts in the disciplines of geography and computer sciences. This systematic review highlights the public health implications of social media use in the response phase of the emergency, assessing (1) how social media can improve the dissemination of emergency warning and response information during and after a natural disaster, and (2) how social media can help identify physical, medical, functional, and emotional needs after a natural disaster. We surveyed the literature using 3 databases and included 44 research articles. We found that analyses of social media data were performed using a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Social media platforms were identified as broadcasting tools presenting an opportunity for public health agencies to share emergency warnings. Social media was used as a tool to identify areas in need of relief operations or medical assistance by using self-reported location, with map development as a common method to visualize data. In retrospective analyses, social media analysis showed promise as an opportunity to reduce the time of response and to identify the individuals’ location. Further research for misinformation and rumor control using social media is needed.
Clustering of hypertension, diabetes and overweight/obesity according to socioeconomic status among Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Kibria Gulam Muhammed Al , Hashan Mohammad Rashidul , Hossain Md Mahbub , Zaman Sojib Bin , Stennett Christina A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prevalences of hypertension, diabetes and overweight/obesity are increasing in most developing countries, including Bangladesh. Although earlier studies have investigated the factors associated with these three conditions, little is known about whether socioeconomic status is associated with their co-existence. This cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. An individual was considered hypertensive, diabetic and overweight/obese if their systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and body mass index were ≥130/80 mmHg, ≥7 mmol/l and ≥23 kg/m2, respectively. Furthermore, individuals who reported taking anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic drugs were also considered as hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. Two socioeconomic variables were investigated: education level and household wealth quintile. Descriptive analyses and multilevel logistic regression were conducted. Among the 7932 respondents (50.5% female) aged ≥35 years, the prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, any one condition and the co-existence of the three conditions were 48.0%, 11.0%, 25.3%, 60.9% and 3.6%, respectively. In adjusted analysis, individuals with secondary (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.8) and college or above (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.2–5.7) education levels had higher odds of the co-existence of all three conditions compared with those with no formal education. Similarly, compared with the poorest wealth quintile, the richer (AOR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.2–9.4) and richest (AOR: 11.8; 95% CI: 5.8–24.1) wealth quintiles had higher odds of co-existence of these three conditions. Education and wealth quintile also showed significant relationships with each of the three conditions separately. In conclusion, in Bangladesh, hypertension, diabetes and overweight/obesity are associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the importance of developing healthy lifestyle interventions (e.g. physical exercise and dietary modification) targeting individuals of higher socioeconomic status to minimize the burden of these non-communicable diseases.
Publicizing Arbitrage
Authors: Kahraman Bige 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow does greater public disclosure of arbitrage activity and informed trading affect price efficiency? To answer this, we exploit rule amendments in U.S. securities markets, which impose a higher frequency of public disclosure of short positions. Higher public disclosure can hurt the production of information and deteriorate efficiency, or it can be beneficial by mitigating the limits to arbitrage and diffusing arbitrageurs’ information faster. With more frequent disclosure, information encapsulated within short interest is incorporated into prices faster, improving price efficiency. We find important reductions in short sellers’ horizon risk and increases in short sales with the rule amendments.
Generational differences in loneliness and its psychological and sociodemographic predictors: an exploratory and confirmatory machine learning study
Authors: Altschul Drew , Iveson Matthew , Deary Ian J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness is a growing public health issue in the developed world. Among older adults, loneliness is a particular challenge, as the older segment of the population is growing and loneliness is comorbid with many mental as well as physical health issues. Comorbidity and common cause factors make identifying the antecedents of loneliness difficult, however, contemporary machine learning techniques are positioned to tackle this problem.MethodsThis study analyzed four cohorts of older individuals, split into two age groups – 45–69 and 70–79 – to examine which common psychological and sociodemographic are associated with loneliness at different ages. Gradient boosted modeling, a machine learning technique, and regression models were used to identify and replicate associations with loneliness.ResultsIn all cohorts, higher emotional stability was associated with lower loneliness. In the older group, social circumstances such as living alone were also associated with higher loneliness. In the younger group, extraversion's association with lower loneliness was the only other confirmed relationship.ConclusionsDifferent individual and social factors might underlie loneliness differences in distinct age groups. Machine learning methods have the potential to unveil novel associations between psychological and social variables, particularly interactions, and mental health outcomes.
Matching biodiversity and ecology ontologies: challenges and evaluation results
Authors: Karam Naouel , Khiat Abderrahmane , Algergawy Alsayed , Sattler Melanie , Weiland Claus , Schmidt Marco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Biodiversity research studies the variability and diversity of organisms, including variability within and between species with particular focus on the functional diversity of traits and their relationship to environment. Managing biodiversity data implies dealing with its heterogeneous nature using semantics and tailored ontologies. These are themselves differently conceived, and combining them in semantically enabled applications necessitates an effective alignment between their concepts. This paper describes the ontology matching of biodiversity- and ecology-related ontologies. We illustrate diverse challenges introduced by this kind of ontologies to ontology matching in general. Real use cases requiring pairwise alignments between environment and trait ontologies are introduced. We describe our experience creating a new track at the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative designed for this specific domain and report on the results obtained by state-of-the-art participating systems. The biodiversity and ecology use case turns out to be a strong one for ontology matching, introducing new interesting challenges. Even if most of the matching systems perform relatively well in the proposed matching tasks, there is still room for improvement. We highlight possible directions in that matter and elaborate on our plan to further progress with the track.
The semantics of Englishout-prefixation: a corpus-based investigation
Authors: KOTOWSKI SVEN 
Published: March 2020

The verbal prefixout- in its scalar-comparative sense is among the most productive English locative prefixes. Although several authors make use of the construction as a test environment for verb classification, few studies have looked at its semantics in any depth. Moreover, previous work on this prefix relies on fairly small databases or self-generated data, and no reliable corpus-based investigations are available, calling into question the usefulness of present semantic analyses and the application of the construction as a test environment.This study aims at remedying these shortcomings via presenting a database culled mostly from COCA and iWeb. Based on the analysis of the wide range of attestations in the database it is shown that existing generalizations and previous semantic analyses are wrong and that particular restrictions proposed in the literature are not borne out by the data. Several claims, including core features of the formalizations offered in the literature, have to be discarded. Furthermore, alleged base-restrictions on the inputout- allows are shown to be far too restrictive. This holds for verbal as well as adjectival and nominal bases. It is shown that approaches that deny the existence of category-changing prefixes are misguided.Overall, the construction is more flexible regarding possible interpretations and more promiscuous with respect to possible bases than previously thought. At the same time, the system is not unrestricted. Generalizing over the data, this article lays out the requirements and specific challenges any full formal account ofout- will have to match.
QUILLEN EQUIVALENT MODELS FOR THE DERIVED CATEGORY OF FLATS AND THE RESOLUTION PROPERTY
Authors: ESTRADA SERGIO , SLÁVIK ALEXANDER 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the assumptions under which a subclass of flat quasicoherent sheaves on a quasicompact and semiseparated scheme allows us to ‘mock’ the homotopy category of projective modules. Our methods are based on module-theoretic properties of the subclass of flat modules involved as well as their behaviour with respect to Zariski localizations. As a consequence we get that, for such schemes, the derived category of flat quasicoherent sheaves is equivalent to the derived category of very flat quasicoherent sheaves. If, in addition, the scheme satisfies the resolution property then both derived categories are equivalent to the derived category of infinite-dimensional vector bundles. The equivalences are inferred from a Quillen equivalence between the corresponding models.
Reading the Musical Surreal through Poulenc's Fifth Relations
Authors: DONALDSON JAMES 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article develops a method of understanding concepts from the Parisian Surrealist movement in music using Poulenc's treatment of cadences and fifth relations as a case study. Although music was rejected by the group's figurehead André Breton as ‘the most profoundly confusing’ of all arts, many composers were keenly involved in Surrealist circles. Notably, Poulenc's acquaintance with major figures led him to set much of their literary work. But his engagement with their aesthetic principles extends deep into the musical form. After assessing Poulenc's flirtation with the movement's ideas, I ally William Caplin's codification of the cadence to the Surrealistobjet trouvé. Combining Robert Hatten's musical ‘markedness’ and literary theorist Willard Bohn's model of Surrealism in art and literature, I explore how Poulenc's music engages with the Surrealist treatment of objects, automatism, and Apollinaire's ‘fantôme véritable’.
Evaluation of Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum Carbon Isotope Record Completeness—An Illustration of the Potential of Dynamic Time Warping in Aligning Paleo‐Proxy Records
Authors: Ajayi Seyi , Kump Lee R. , Ridgwell Andy , Kirtland Turner Sandra , Hay Carling C. , Bralower Timothy J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariations in sedimentation rate, bioturbation, winnowing, and dissolution modify the deep‐sea sedimentary record, complicating the apparent relationship between stratigraphic depth and time of a geochemical proxy record and confounding the extraction of a clear picture of past climates and environments. Dynamic time warping (DTW) is used to align time series with similar patterns. Here we explore the use of DTW to identify gaps in proxy records of the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), aligning bulk sediment carbonate isotope records (δ13C) from various deep‐sea sediment core sections spanning the event. Alignment of PETM δ13C records from the Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic transect of ODP Leg 208 (Sites 1262, 1263, and 1265) was similar to previously published manually established alignments and consistent with the expectation that shallower sites have more complete records. The δ13C record from a Southern Ocean site (Maud Rise; ODP Site 690) was then aligned to ODP Site 1263, the most complete Walvis Ridge site. This alignment identifies a gap in Site 690, indicating that peak excursion δ13C values were not recorded. We conclude that DTW provides an objective way to align climate proxy records and rectify data loss associated with unconformities and other types of distortions, leading to a more complete understanding of the geologic record of past episodes of biotic and environmental change.