bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Clinical Factors on the Intestinal Microbiome in Infants With Gastroschisis
Authors: Wu Allison J. , Lee David J. , Li Fan , Tobin Nicole H. , Aldrovandi Grace M. , Shew Stephen B. , Calkins Kara L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfants with gastroschisis require operations and lengthy hospitalizations due to intestinal dysmotility. Dysbiosis may contribute to these problems. Little is known on the microbiome of gastroschisis infants.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the fecal microbiome in gastroschisis infants. Microbiome profiling was performed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbiome of gastroschisis infants was compared with the microbiome of healthy controls, and the effects of mode of birth delivery, gestational age, antibiotic duration, and nutrition type on microbial composition and diversity were investigated.ResultsThe microbiome of gastroschisis infants (n = 13) was less diverse (Chao1, P < .001), lacked Bifidobacterium (P = .001), and had increased Staphylococcus (P = .007) compared with controls (n = 83). Mode of delivery (R2 = 0.04, P = .001), antibiotics duration ≥7 days (R2 = 0.03, P = .003), age at sample collection (R2 = 0.03, P = .009), and gestational age (R2 = 0.02, P = .035) explained a small portion of microbiome variation. In gastroschisis infants, Escherichia‐Shigella was the predominate genus, and those delivered via cesarean section had different microbial communities, predominantly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, from those delivered vaginally. Although antibiotic duration contributed to the variation in microbiome composition, there were no significant differences in taxa distribution or α diversity by antibiotic duration or nutrition type.ConclusionThe microbiome of gastroschisis infants is dysbiotic, and mode of birth delivery, antibiotic duration, and gestational age appear to contribute to microbial variation.
Self‐Organizing Structures of Phosphatidylcholine in Nonaqueous Solvents: Tailoring Gel‐like Systems
Authors: Okuro Paula K. , Malfatti‐Gasperini Antonio A. , Fasolin Luiz H. , Vicente António A. , Cunha Rosiane L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigated the role played by solvent type and additives (water [W] and citric acid [CA]) on the self‐assembly of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) into gels. Soybean lecithin (L) served as the PtdCho source used in this study. Lecithin was combined with different oils: hexadecane (HEX), sunflower oil, and medium‐chain triacylglycerol to explore its ability to form organogels. Among the solvents, only HEX was able to form a translucent self‐sustainable gel with lecithin. It was found that the lower water solubility and viscosity of HEX favored gel formation. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed different structures arisen from lecithin organization depending on the organic medium type. In addition, the gel properties of the L‐HEX binary system were also tailored through inclusion of the “primers” W or CA. Oscillatory rheological behavior of organogels was effectively described by a single relaxation‐time Maxwell model, with good fitting at low and intermediate frequencies and with deviations at higher frequencies, indicating the presence of reverse wormlike micelles. Organogels were thermoreversible and, upon CA addition, a substantial increase in zero‐shear viscosity was observed. Incorporation of W led to a similar microstructure to that obtained only with L, whereas CA promoted a different ordering of PtdCho assemblies. Formation and properties of PtdCho‐based organogels were dictated by using different oil types or by changing the polarity of the medium with the incorporation of primers. A better understanding of phospholipid‐based nonlamellar mesophases in organic solvent offers the prospect of adapting the gel properties to the desired application and functionality.
Filtering dual‐patch antenna with flat gain response using F‐shaped feeding structure
Authors: Ji Shuosheng , Dong Yuandan , Fan Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel wideband filtering dual‐patch antenna with a flat gain response is presented in this letter. This filtering antenna mainly consists of two parts: two patches and an F‐shaped feeding structure. The upper and lower patches are fed by two different horizontally placed narrow strips from the F‐shaped structure. Two patch modes are simultaneously excited within the passband, yielding a 29.3% bandwidth with a very flat gain response and a stable radiation pattern. Furthermore, a pair of radiation nulls are generated symmetrically at the two sides of the passband owing to the mutual coupling between two patches. As a result, a filtering antenna without any extra filtering circuit is obtained which achieves a realized gain of 10 dBi within the passband and an out‐of‐band suppression level of 15 dB in the lower stopband and 20 dB in the upper stopband. Compared to the traditional patch antennas, this proposed filtering antenna demonstrates a very flat gain response, a sharp passband skirt, and a good selectivity, which is well designed and very suitable for high band cellular communication (2.0‐2.7 GHz).
Modified cavity perturbation method for high‐precision measurements of complex permittivity throughout the Х‐band
Authors: Ivanchenko Igor , Khruslov Maksym , Popenko Nina , Plakhtii Vadim , Tkach Vasyl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel resonance method for accurate determining a complex permittivity of the samples over the entire X‐band is proposed. This method uses the difference in the resonant mode perturbation when the sample moves in the field of standing wave of a rectangular resonator thereby leading to changing resonance frequencies and the amplitudes of resonant modes for each position of the sample in the resonator. Comparison of measured data with the calculated ones, in which permittivity (ε) and loss tangent (tan δ) are the variable parameters, allows for building the discrepancy coefficient σ as the function of ε and tan δ. Sought‐for values ε and tan δ of the sample are determined in points corresponding the minimа of the aforementioned functions. The procedure like that is used for all resonant modes excited in the resonator in the analyzed frequency band, which allows for obtaining the frequency dependences ε and tan δ. The measurements are carried out in the frequency band 8‐12 GHz for a number of solid dielectrics. Permittivity and loss tangent are determined with an error that does not exceed 0.5% and 5%, respectively.
Metric and morphological analysis of pelvic scars in a historical sample from Lithuania: Associations with sex, age, body size and pelvic dimensions
Authors: Praxmarer Elisa‐Maria , Tutkuviene Janina , Kirchengast Sylvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe theory behind the formation and manifestation of pelvic scars, sometimes called ‘scars of parturition’, and particularly their potential use in determining parity history has been a debated issue among anthropologists for nearly 50 years. To date, the association between parity and scar formation still remains unclear. The present study tests the effects of sex, age, body size and pelvic dimensions on the morphological and metric features of dorsal pits, pubic tubercle and preauricular sulcus. A total of 296 skeletons (167 males, 129 females) from historical samples in Lithuania were examined. Beyond assessing the above traits of these pelvic scars, we determined sex, age at death and pelvis dimensions. Moreover, we reconstructed body height and body mass. A marked sexual dimorphism was recorded. Scar formation was significantly more common among females. With increasing age, scar formation increased or remain unchanged. Pelvic dimensions, body height and body mass showed a weak association with pelvic scars. Sex seems to be independently associated with scar formation. Our results suggest that although sex plays a dominant role in scar formation, caution should be exercised in interpreting scars as being due solely to parity alone. The term ‘scars of parturition’ should be avoided.
Ripple Effects of a Community‐Based Randomized Trial for Rural Women: Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities
Authors: Lo Brian K. , Graham Meredith L. , Eldridge Galen , Donoso Maria R. , Folta Sara C. , Strogatz David , Nelson Miriam E. , Paul Lynn C. , Parry Stephen A. , Seguin‐Fowler Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine (1) whether the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities intervention (SHHC) improved social network members’ (SNMs’) weight, exercise, and diet and (2) whether SNMs’ weight and behavioral changes were modified by their relationship closeness and/or spatial closeness with trial participants.MethodsEight towns received the SHHC intervention, which focused on building individual healthy behaviors and creating supportive social and built environments for exercise and healthy eating. Eight towns received an education‐only control intervention. SNMs (n = 487) were recruited to complete a questionnaire at baseline and at 6 months that asked about demographics, weight, height, exercise, and eating habits.ResultsSHHC’s effect on SNMs differed depending on their relationship closeness with trial participants. Among SNMs who had a very close relationship with trial participants, those associated with the intervention group lost more weight and decreased BMI more than those associated with the control group (weight [kilograms] between‐group difference: Δ = −1.68; 95% CI: −3.10 to −0.25; P = 0.021; BMI between‐group difference: Δ = −0.60; 95% CI: −1.16 to −0.04; P = 0.034). Spatial closeness did not modify any of SHHC’s ripple effects.ConclusionsRelationship closeness, rather than spatial closeness, played an important role in influencing a rural community–based intervention’s ripple effects.
The influence of graphene oxide filler on the electrical and thermal properties of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy laminates: Effect of out‐of‐plane alignment of the graphene oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Senis Evangelos C. , Golosnoy Igor O. , Andritsch Thomas , Dulieu‐Barton Janice M. , Thomsen Ole T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of out‐of‐plane alignment of graphene oxide (GO) platelets used as matrix filler on the through‐thickness electrical and thermal conductivity of unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) composites has been investigated. By utilizing an external AC field, the orientation of GO flakes was altered to take advantage of the higher electrical and thermal conductivity along the graphene basal planes. Commercially available GO was dispersed in quantities up to 5 wt% into the epoxy matrix prior to vacuum infusion into dry carbon fabric to form CFRP laminates. Both GO‐modified CFRP laminates containing randomly oriented GO and aligned GO‐modified CFRP (A‐GO/CFRP) laminates were manufactured to assess the influence of the application of the electric field. Measurements of the electrical conductivity revealed markedly increased values for the A‐GO/CFRP even with low filler contents. The thermal conductivity, albeit increased in A‐GO/CFRP, only resulted in modest improvements. Mechanical tests of the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) showed that the A‐GO/CFRP laminates exhibited significantly improved behavior and retained higher ILSS values (than the randomly aligned GO/CFRP laminates) even at high filler contents.
Pregnancy‐related pharmacokinetics and antimicrobial prophylaxis during fetal surgery, cefazolin and clindamycin as examples
Authors: Allegaert Karel , Muller Anouk E. , Russo Francesca , Schoenmakers Sam , Deprest Jan , Koch Birgit C.P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial prophylaxis during surgery aims to prevent post‐operative site infections. For fetal surgery, this includes the fetal and amniotic compartments. Both are deep compartments as drug equilibrium with maternal blood is achieved relatively late. Despite prophylaxis, chorio‐amnionitis or endometritis following ex utero intrapartum treatment or fetoscopy occur in 4.13% and 1.45% respectively of the interventions.This review summarizes the observations on two commonly administered antimicrobials (cefazolin, clindamycin) for surgical prophylaxis during pregnancy, with emphasis on the deep compartments. For both compounds, antimicrobial exposure is on target when we consider the maternal and fetal plasma compartment. In contrast, amniotic fluid concentrations‐time profiles display a delayed and much more blunted pattern, behaving as deep compartment. For cefazolin, there are data that document further dilution in the setting of polyhydramnios. Along this deep compartment concept, there is some accumulation during repeated administration, modeled for cefazolin and observed for clindamycin. The relative underexposure to antimicrobials in amniotic fluid may be reflected in the pattern of maternal‐fetal complications after fetal surgery, and suggest that antimicrobial prophylaxis practices for fetal surgery should be reconsidered.Further studies should be designed by a multidisciplinary team (fetal surgeons, clinical pharmacologists and microbiologists) to facilitate efficient evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Methylene‐bridged bis(8‐arylimino)‐5,6,7‐trihydro‐quinolylinickel precatalysts for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Suo Hongyi , Chen Qiang , Zhang Wenjuan , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of binuclear nickel complexes bearing N‐(5,6,7‐trihydroquinolin‐8‐ylidene)amino CH(C6H4‐4‐R2){4‐C6H2‐2,6‐R12N‐(C5H3NC4H6)}2 [R1 = Me, R2 = OH L1, R1 = Et, R2 = OH L2, R1 = Me, R2 = H L3, R1 = Me, R2 = OCH3L4] has been synthesized and characterized. In the presence of either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or Et2AlCl, all nickel complexes exhibited high activities up to 3.33 × 106 g (PE)·mol−1(Ni)·hr−1 toward ethylene polymerization, producing high branched polyethylenes (PEs). The aluminum cocatalysts have significantly affected the properties of resultant PE; with MAO as the cocatalyst, the resultant PE shows higher molecular weight and possesses only one Tm value, meanwhile Et2AlCl as the cocatalyst, the obtained PE indicates lower molecular weight and two melting points. The microstructures of those PEs determined by their 13C NMR spectra illustrate the similar densities but different types of branches, in which the PE obtained with Et2AlCl shows high methyl branch selectivity (>80%), and the PE produced by MAO has 50% methyl and another half of longer branches. The branched PEs are consistent to the chain migration happened in the ethylene polymerization.
An effective approach for mapping permafrost in a large area using subregion maps and satellite data
Authors: Hu Jianan , Zhao Shuping , Nan Zhuotong , Wu Xiaobo , Sun Xuehui , Cheng Guodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPermafrost distribution maps are of importance for environmental assessment, climate system modeling, and practical engineering applications. The scarcity of forcing data and parameters often limits the uses of permafrost models over large areas. However, detailed data are often available in a few subregions through field investigations. In this study, we propose a novel approach for mapping permafrost distribution in a large and data‐scarce area using an empirical model with subregion permafrost maps and satellite data as inputs. The surface frost number model (FROSTNUM) was re‐inferred to include an extra soil parameter to represent the thermal and moisture conditions in soils. The optimal soil parameters were determined from the subregion maps of permafrost distribution through spatial clustering, parameter optimization, and the decision tree method. FROSTNUM was fed with satellite‐derived ground surface freezing and thawing indices to map the permafrost distribution over the study area. The proposed approach was evaluated in the Gaize area on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, where intensive field studies have been done. The simulated permafrost distribution is consistent with a map of permafrost distribution made from borehole observations and field surveys in Gaize. Due to excellent accuracy, the approach is effective and can be used in large areas with limited data.
Do not let your safe operating limits leave you S‐O‐L (out of luck)
Authors: Stauffer Todd , Chastain‐Knight Denise 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCollection and utilization of process safety metrics is an important tool for driving improved safety. Tier three leading indicators (challenges to safety system) indicate failures of process safety management systems and highlight areas that should be improved to prevent a more serious event. Safe Operating Limit (SOL) exceedances are a commonly used Tier 3 leading indicator. Surprisingly, there are many different approaches used in industry to calculate safe operating limits and to apply them. This inconsistency potentially diminishes the usefulness of SOL exceedances as an effective indicator.This paper discusses current industry practices around safe operating limits as established by a recent global benchmark survey of over 150 safety practitioners. Areas explored in the survey of SOLs include; methodology for calculating, how/where information is stored, how/when established values are reviewed and audited, usage as a leading indicator, integration with operations (training, documentation), identification and tracking of when exceedances have occurred, and actions taken on exceedance. Key results and conclusions will be presented as well as recommendations on where industry should focus on improvement.
Leaf transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy is recorded in the intraleaf C, H and O isotope patterns of leaf organic matter
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Yin Xijie , Song Xin , Wang Bo , Ma Ran , Zhao Yu , Rani Andleeb , Wang Ying , Yan Qiulin , Jing Su , Gessler Arthur , Zhou Youping 
Published: May 2020

RationaleQuantitatively relating 13C/12C, 2H/1H and 18O/16O ratios of plant α‐cellulose and 2H/1H of n‐alkanes to environmental conditions and metabolic status should ideally be based on the leaf, the plant organ most sensitive to environmental change. The fact that leaf organic matter is composed of isotopically different heterotrophic and autotrophic components means that it is imperative that one be able to disentangle the relative heterotrophic and autotrophic contributions to leaf organic matter.MethodsWe tackled this issue by two‐dimensional sampling of leaf water and α‐cellulose, and specific n‐alkanes from greenhouse‐grown immature and mature and field‐grown mature banana leaves, taking advantage of their large areas and thick waxy layers. Leaf water, α‐cellulose and n‐alkane isotope ratios were then characterized using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or gas chromatography IRMS. A three‐member (heterotrophy, autotrophy and photoheterotrophy) conceptual linear mixing model was then proposed for disentangling the relative contributions of the three trophic modes.ResultsWe discovered distinct spatial leaf water, α‐cellulose and n‐alkane isotope ratio patterns that varied with leaf developmental stages. We inferred from the conceptual model that, averaged over the leaf blade, only 20% of α‐cellulose in banana leaf is autotrophically laid down in both greenhouse‐grown and field‐grown banana leaves, while approximately 60% and 100% of n‐alkanes are produced autotrophically in greenhouse‐grown and field‐grown banana leaves, respectively. There exist distinct lateral (edge to midrib) gradients in autotrophic contributions of α‐cellulose and n‐alkanes.ConclusionsEfforts to establish quantitative isotope–environment relationships should take into account the fact that the evaporative leaf water 18O and 2H enrichment signal recorded in autotrophically laid down α‐cellulose is significantly diluted by the heterotrophically formed α‐cellulose. The δ2H value of field‐grown mature banana leaf n‐alkanes is much more sensitive than α‐cellulose as a recorder of the growth environment. Quantitative isotope–environment relationship based on greenhouse‐grown n‐alkane δ2H values may not be reliable.
Ecoacoustics in the rain: understanding acoustic indices under the most common geophonic source in tropical rainforests
Authors: Sánchez‐Giraldo Camilo , Bedoya Carol L. , Morán‐Vásquez Raúl A. , Isaza Claudia V. , Daza Juan M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRainfall is one of the most predominant geophonic sources in nature, and the major climatic phenomenon influencing species biology in tropical ecosystems. Although its effects on acoustic indices have been studied, rainfall is recognized as a nuisance factor affecting their estimation. Consequently, files with rainfall sounds are typically removed from ecoacoustic analyses. In tropical rainforests, where rainfall is a common and unpredictable event, its influence on acoustic indices needs to be explicitly examined before implementing acoustic passive monitoring. Using mixed‐effects models we assessed the effect of different rainfall conditions on the direction and magnitude of the values of eight commonly used acoustic indices. We obtained 18336 1‐min recordings from 28 sampling sites in a montane forest on the northern Andes of Colombia between May‐July 2018. We identified 2867 1‐min recordings containing light to heavy rainfall. We found that both rainfall occurrence and its variation in intensity were associated with increases in ACI, ADI, H, and M index values, and decreases in AEI, BI, NDSI, and NP values. The estimated indices exhibited differential sensitivity to rainfall, with M, NDSI, and NP showing higher differences associated with increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall. Regardless the direction of change in index values caused by rainfall, we found that the magnitude of variation depended on the index. For instance, ACI and BI indices showed low sensitivity and can be considered as reliable acoustic metrics, even during heavy intensity rainfall. In contrast, M, NDSI, and NP might lead to misleading inferences, if rainfall events are not considered during calculation. We stress the importance of careful interpretation of biological inferences based on these sensitive indices and encourage an explicit assessment of rainfall, particularly in short‐term acoustic surveys in highly pluvious regions where rainfall is a conspicuous component of the soundscape.
Promoting sustainable development: A research on residents' green purchasing behavior from a perspective of the goal‐framing theory
Authors: Yang Xianchuan , Chen Shih‐Chih , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research proposed a model based on the goal‐framing theory in an attempt to understand the effect of residents' egoistic and altruistic appeals on green purchasing behavior, with the hope to promote green purchasing behavior and close the green motivation‐behavior gap. A total of 504 usable samples were collected in China, and confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results showed that media persuasion can affect residents' green purchasing behavior through simultaneously activating three‐dimensional goal frames. The mediation effect of normative goal frames was significantly greater than that of gain goal frames and hedonic goal frames. Moreover, perceived seriousness of environmental problems positively moderated the mediation effect of gain goal frames, while negatively moderated the mediation effect of hedonic goal frames, but it did not moderate the mediation effect of normative goal frames. Interesting findings suggest that media persuasion may have a persistent effect on green purchasing behavior by promoting the three types of motives that give consideration to the dual appeals together. Finally, this study provided important theoretical and practical implications for academic researchers and green practitioners.