bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and classification of interstitial cells in the mouse renal pelvis
Authors: Grainger Nathan , Freeman Ryan S. , Shonnard Cameron C. , Drumm Bernard T. , Koh Sang Don , Ward Sean M. , Sanders Kenton M. 
Published: May 2020

Key points
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α (PDGFRα) is a novel biomarker along with smooth myosin heavy chain for the pacemaker cells (previously termed ‘atypical’ smooth muscle cells) in the murine and cynomolgus monkey pelvis–kidney junction.
PDGFRα+ cells present in adventitial and urothelial layers of murine renal pelvis do not express smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) but are in close apposition to nerve fibres.
Most c‐Kit+ cells in the renal pelvis are mast cells. Mast cells (CD117+/CD45+) are more abundant in the proximal renal pelvis and pelvis–kidney junction regions whereas c‐Kit+ interstitial cells (CD117+/CD45−) are found predominantly in the distal renal pelvis and ureteropelvic junction.
PDGFRα+ cells are distinct from c‐Kit+ interstitial cells.
A subset of PDGFRα+ cells express the Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, anoctamin‐1, across the entire renal pelvis.
Spontaneous Ca2+ transients were observed in c‐Kit+ interstitial cells, smMHC+ PDGFRα cells and smMHC− PDGFRα cells using mice expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors.

AbstractRhythmic contractions of the renal pelvis transport urine from the kidneys into the ureter. Specialized pacemaker cells, termed atypical smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), are thought to drive the peristaltic contractions of typical smooth muscle cells (TSMCs) in the renal pelvis. Interstitial cells (ICs) in close proximity to ASMCs and TSMCs have been described, but the role of these cells is poorly understood. The presence and distributions of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α+ (PDGFRα+) ICs in the pelvis–kidney junction (PKJ) and distal renal pelvis were evaluated. We found PDGFRα+ ICs in the adventitial layers of the pelvis, the muscle layer of the PKJ and the adventitia of the distal pelvis. PDGFRα+ ICs were distinct from c‐Kit+ ICs in the renal pelvis. c‐Kit+ ICs are a minor population of ICs in murine renal pelvis. The majority of c‐Kit+ cells were mast cells. PDGFRα+ cells in the PKJ co‐expressed smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) and several other smooth muscle gene transcripts, indicating these cells are ASMCs, and PDGFRα is a novel biomarker for ASMCs. PDGFRα+ cells also express Ano1, which encodes a Ca2+‐activated Cl− conductance that serves as a primary pacemaker conductance in ICs of the GI tract. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients were observed in c‐Kit+ ICs, smMHC+ PDGFRα cells and smMHC− PDGFRα cells using genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors. A reporter strain of mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by the endogenous promotor for Pdgfra was shown to be a powerful new tool for isolating and characterizing the phenotype and functions of these cells in the renal pelvis.
Lower body negative pressure protects brain perfusion in aviation gravitational stress induced by push–pull manoeuvre
Authors: Xing Changyang , Wang Xinpei , Gao Yuan , Zhang Jiaxin , Liu Yunnan , Guo Yitong , Wang Chen , Feng Yang , Lei Yujia , Zhang Xing , Li Jia , Hu Wendong , Zhang Shu , Yuan Lijun , Gao Feng 
Published: May 2020

Key points
Rapid alterations of gravitational stress during high‐performance aircraft push–pull manoeuvres induce dramatic shifts in volume and pressure within the circulation system, which may result in loss of consciousness due to the rapid and significant reduction in cerebral perfusion. There are still no specific and effective countermeasures so far.
We found that lower body negative pressure (LBNP), applied prior to and during −Gz and released at the subsequent transition to +Gz, could effectively counteract gravitational haemodynamic stress induced by a simulated push–pull manoeuvre and improve cerebral diastolic perfusion in human subjects.
We developed a LBNP strategy that effectively protects cerebral perfusion at rapid −Gz to +Gz transitions via improving cerebral blood flow and blood pressure during push–pull manoeuvres and highlight the importance of the timing of the intervention.
Our findings provide a systemic link of integrated responses between the peripheral and cerebral haemodynamic changes during push–pull manoeuvres.
AbstractThe acute negative (−Gz) to positive (+Gz) gravity stress during high‐performance aircraft push–pull manoeuvres dramatically reduces transient cerebral perfusion, which may lead to loss of vision or even consciousness. The aim of this study was to explore a specific and effective counteractive strategy. Twenty‐three healthy young male volunteers (age 21 ± 1 year) were subjected to tilting‐simulated push–pull manoeuvres. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of −40 mmHg was applied prior to and during −Gz stress (−0.50 or −0.87 Gz) and released at the subsequent transition to +1.00 Gz stress. Beat‐to‐beat cerebral and systemic haemodynamics were continuously recorded during the simulated push–pull manoeuvre in LBNP bouts and corresponding control bouts. During the rapid gravitational transition from −Gz to +Gz, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity decreased significantly in control bouts, while it increased in LBNP bouts (control vs. LBNP bouts, −6.6 ± 4.6 vs. 5.1 ± 6.8 cm s−1 for −0.50 Gz, and −7.4 ± 4.8 vs. 3.4 ± 4.6 cm s−1 for −0.87 Gz, P < 0.01), which was attributed mainly to the elevation of diastolic flow. The LBNP bouts showed much smaller reduction of mean arterial blood pressure at the brain level than control bouts (control bouts vs. LBNP bouts, −38 ± 12 vs. −23 ± 10 mmHg for −0.50 to +1.00 Gz, and −62 ± 16 vs. −43 ± 11 mmHg for −0.87 to +1.00 Gz, P < 0.01). LBNP applied at −Gz and released at subsequent +Gz had biphasic counteractive effects against the gravitational responses to the push–pull manoeuvre. These data demonstrate that this LBNP strategy could effectively protect cerebral perfusion with dominant improvement of diastolic flow during push–pull manoeuvres.
Intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia induces respiratory hypersensitivity to fentanyl accompanied by tonic respiratory depression by endogenous opioids
Authors: Brackley Allison D. , Andrade Mary Ann , Toney Glenn M. 
Published: May 2020

Key points
Sleep apnoea increases susceptibility to opioid‐induced respiratory depression (OIRD).
Endogenous opioids are implicated as a contributing factor in sleep apnoea.
Rats exposed to sleep‐phase chronic intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (CIHH) for 7 days exhibited exaggerated OIRD to systemic fentanyl both while anaesthetized and artificially ventilated and while conscious and breathing spontaneously, implicating heightened CNS inhibitory efficacy of fentanyl.
CIHH also induced tonic endogenous opioid suppression of neural inspiration.
Sleep‐related episodes of hypercapnic hypoxia, as in sleep apnoea, promote hypersensitivity to OIRD, with tonic respiratory depression by endogenous opioids implicated as a potential underlying cause.

AbstractSleep apnoea (SA) increases opioid‐induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and lethality. To test the hypothesis that this results from chronic intermittent bouts of hypercapnic hypoxia (CIHH) accompanying SA, we compared OIRD across continuously normoxic control rats and rats exposed to sleep‐phase (8 h/day) CIHH for 1 week. OIRD sensitivity was first assessed in anaesthetized (urethane/α‐chloralose), vagotomized and artificially ventilated rats by recording phrenic nerve activity (PNA) to index neural inspiration and quantify PNA burst inhibition to graded doses (0, 2, 20, 50 μg kg‐1, i.v.) of the synthetic opioid fentanyl. Fentanyl dose‐dependently reduced PNA burst frequency (P = 0.0098–0.0001), while increasing the duration of burst quiescence at 50 μg kg‐1 (P < 0.0001, n = 5–6/group/dose). CIHH shifted the fentanyl dose–phrenic burst frequency response curve to the left (P = 0.0163) and increased the duration of burst quiescence (P < 0.0001). During fentanyl recovery, PNA burst width was increased relative to baseline in normoxic and CIHH rats. Systemic naloxone (1 mg kg‐1, i.v.) reversed fentanyl‐induced PNA arrest in both groups (P = 0.0002), and increased phrenic burst amplitude above baseline (P = 0.0113) in CIHH rats only. Differential sensitivity to anaesthesia as a cause of CIHH‐related OIRD hypersensitivity was excluded by observing in conscious spontaneously breathing rats that fentanyl at 20 μg kg‐1 (i.v.), which silenced PNA in anaesthetized rats, differentially increased breathing variability in normoxic versus CIHH rats (P = 0.0427), while significantly reducing breathing frequency (P < 0.0001) and periodicity (P = 0.0003) in CIHH rats only. Findings indicate that CIHH increased OIRD sensitivity, with tonic inspiratory depression by endogenous opioids as a likely contributing cause.
Evaluation of Deformation and Failure Behaviors of Nuclear Piping Components Under Beyond Design Basis Seismic Loads Using a Simulated Specimen
Authors: Kim Jin Weon , Song Ik Hyun , Kweon Heong Do , Kim Jong Sung , Kim Yun Jae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study designed a specimen that simulates the deformation and failure behaviors of the piping components in nuclear power plants (NPPs) under excessive seismic loads beyond the design basis, and conducted ultimate-strength tests using this specimen at room temperature (RT) and 316 °C. SA312 TP316 stainless steel (SS) and SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 low-alloy steel (LAS) were used in the experiments. Displacement-controlled cyclic loads with constant and random amplitudes of load-line displacement (LLD) were applied as input loads. A set of input cyclic loads consisted of 20 cycles, and the LLD amplitudes of the cyclic load were determined to induce the maximum membrane plus bending stress intensity of 6–42Sm on the specimen, where Sm is the allowable design stress intensity. Multiple sets of input cyclic loads, with increasing amplitude of LLD, were applied to the specimen until cracking initiated. The results demonstrate that the simulated specimen adequately showed the ratcheting deformation and fatigue-induced cracking of piping components under displacement-controlled excessive seismic loads. In addition, samples of both materials failed under displacement-controlled cyclic load levels that were several times higher than those of the design basis earthquake (DBE). The SA316 TP316 SS had greater resistance to failure under large-amplitude cyclic loads than did SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 LAS. For both materials, resistance to failure was lower at 316 °C than at RT. This study confirmed that the evaluation procedure of the ASME design code predicted the fatigue failure of specimens very conservatively under large-amplitude cyclic loads simulating displacement-controlled excessive seismic loads.
Origin and evolution of the Grenvillian Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: Hf isotopic and U-Pb geochronologic constraints
Authors: Solari* Luigi A. , Ortega-Obregón C. , Ortega-Gutiérrez F. , Elías-Herrera M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The Oaxacan Complex is the largest outcrop of Grenville-age rocks in Mexico, constituting the main crustal fragment in the backbone of Oaxaquia. It is mainly composed of scarce metasediments, intruded by arc, alkalic, and tholeiitic magmas (ca. 1.3 to ca. 1.01 Ga) and later affected (ca. 0.99 Ga) by granulite-facies metamorphism. A detailed study, combining U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, with in situ Hf isotopes in zircon grains, allowed comparison of the age and isotopic patterns of the Oaxacan Complex granulite rocks with those from other similar outcrops in Mexico (Huiznopala and Novillo Gneisses, Guichicovi Complex) and with the neighboring orogens such as the Grenville Province of the eastern United States and Canada, the Sveconorwegian orogen of SW Baltica, and some of the localities in which Mesoproterozoic rocks border the Amazonian craton of South America (Colombia, Peru, Brazil). Detrital zircon ages show that most metasedimentary rocks are younger than 1.4 Ga (only three samples contained zircon grains between 1.6 and 1.4 Ga), whereas U-Pb dating of igneous rocks (1245–1161 Ma) confirmed previous findings. Hf isotopes of dated zircon grains show that few crystals have negative εHf(t) values, indicating a recycling component from an older crust, but most of them are moderately primitive, with εHf(t) values of up to +12, and linear arrays parallel to the 176Lu/177Hf average crustal evolution model. Those Hf values are indicative of partial assimilation of an older crustal component, with Hf model ages of ca. 1.65–1.50 Ga. Comparison of these data helps to constrain possible Mesoproterozoic conjugate margins of Oaxaquia and propose a paleogeographic model in which Oaxaquia acted as the leading edge of Amazonia, together with the Colombian terranes, and received sedimentary input from different sources such as the southern Sveconorwegian orogen, the U.S.–Canada eastern Grenville Province, and some of the Mesoproterozoic belts bordering the Amazon craton.
Early Cretaceous to Paleogene sandstone provenance and sediment-dispersal systems of the Cuicateco terrane, Mexico
Authors: Sierra-Rojas* Maria Isabel , Lawton Timothy F. , Martens Uwe , von Quadt Albrecht , Beltrán-Triviño Alejandro , Coombs Henry , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Sandstone petrography, detrital zircon geochronology, and sedimentology of Lower Cretaceous to Paleocene strata in the Cuicateco terrane of southern Mexico indicate an evolution from extensional basin formation to foreland basin development. The Early Cretaceous extensional basin is characterized by deposition of deep-marine fans and channels, which were mainly sourced from Mesoproterozoic and Permian crystalline rocks of the western shoulder of the rift basin. Some submarine fans, especially in the northern Cuicateco terrane, record an additional source in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 130 Ma) continental arc. The fans were fed by fluvial systems in updip parts of the extensional basin system. The transition from middle Cretaceous tectonic quiescence to Late Cretaceous shortening is recorded by the Turonian–Coniacian Tecamalucan Formation. The Tecamalucan Formation is interpreted as pre-orogenic deposits that represent submarine-fan deposits sourced from Aptian–Albian carbonate platform and pre-Mesozoic basement. The foreland basin in the Cuicateco terrane was established by the Maastrichtian, when foredeep strata of the Méndez Formation were deposited in the Cuicateco terrane, Veracruz basin, and across the western Gulf of Mexico, from Tampico to Tabasco. In the Zongolica region, these strata were derived from a contemporaneous volcanic arc (100–65 Ma) located to the west of the basin, the accreted Guerrero terrane (145–120 Ma), and the fold belt itself. By the Paleocene, sediments were transported to the foreland basin by drainages sourced in southwestern Mexico, such as the Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks of the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Chortis block.
Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation in Single Ventricle Heart Disease: A Common Problem Associated With Progressive Deterioration and Mortality
Authors: Tseng Stephanie Y. , Siddiqui Saira , Di Maria Michael V. , Hill Garick D. , Lubert Adam M. , Kutty Shelby , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Possner Mathias , Morales David L. S. , Quintessenza James A. , Alsaied Tarek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The Fontan procedure has provided patients with single ventricle physiology extended survival into adulthood and in many cases has improved their quality of life. Atrioventricular valve regurgitation (
AVVR
) is common in single ventricle patients and is associated with increased risk of mortality.
AVVR
is more common in patients with a systemic tricuspid or common atrioventricular valve but is generally progressive irrespective of underlying valve morphology.
AVVR
can be attributable to diverse structural and functional abnormalities at multiple levels of the valvar apparatus, as well as ventricular dysfunction and dilation. Multiple imaging modalities including recent advances in 3‐dimensional echocardiography and cross‐sectional imaging have been used to further understand
AVVR
. Surgery to address
AVVR
must be tailored to the underlying mechanism and the timing of surgical repair should be chosen carefully. In this review, we discuss the etiologies, treatment options, surgical timing, and outcomes of valve repair or replacement for
AVVR
in patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease, with a focus on those with a Fontan circulation as
AVVR
is associated with increased risk for Fontan failure and mortality. In‐depth understanding of the current literature will help guide clinicians in their approach and management of
AVVR
in this population.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Evolving Case Study in the Crescent City
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Kelly Tanika N. , He Jiang , Fernandez Camilo , Whelton Paul K. , Krousel‐Wood Marie , Bazzano Lydia A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Medicine and public health have traditionally separated the prevention and treatment of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The coronavirus disease 2019 (
COVID
‐19) pandemic has challenged this paradigm, particularly in the setting of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
). Overall, individuals with underlying
CVD
who acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience up to a 10‐fold higher case‐fatality rate compared with the general population. Although the impact of the pandemic on cardiovascular health continues to evolve, few have defined this association from a frontline, public health perspective of populations disproportionately affected by
CVD
and
COVID
‐19. Louisiana is ranked within the bottom 5 states for cardiovascular health, and it is home to several parishes that have experienced among the highest
COVID
‐19 case‐fatality rates nationally. Herein, we review
CVD
prevention and implications of
COVID
‐19 in New Orleans, LA, a city holding a sobering yet resilient history with previous public health disasters. In particular, we discuss potential pandemic‐driven changes in access to health care, preventive pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle behaviors, all of which may adversely affect
CVD
prevention and management, while amplifying racial disparities. Through this process, we highlight proposed recommendations for how
CVD
prevention efforts can be improved in the midst of the current
COVID
‐19 pandemic and future public health crises.
Cardiac Surgery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Perioperative Considerations and Triage Recommendations
Authors: Patel Vivek , Jimenez Ernesto , Cornwell Lorraine , Tran Trung , Paniagua David , Denktas Ali E. , Chou Andrew , Hankins Samuel J. , Bozkurt Biykem , Rosengart Todd K. , Jneid Hani 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2, represents the third human affliction attributed to the highly pathogenic coronavirus in the current century. Because of its highly contagious nature and unprecedented global spread, its aggressive clinical presentation, and the lack of effective treatment, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection is causing the loss of thousands of lives and imparting unparalleled strain on healthcare systems around the world. In the current report, we discuss perioperative considerations for patients undergoing cardiac surgery and provide clinicians with recommendations to effectively triage and plan these procedures during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. This will help reduce the risk of exposure to patients and healthcare workers and allocate resources appropriately to those in greatest need. We include an algorithm for preoperative testing for coronavirus disease 2019, personal protective equipment recommendations, and a classification system to categorize and prioritize common cardiac surgery procedures.
Animal Experimentation and Society: Scientists’ Motivations, Incentives, and Barriers toward Public Outreach and Engagement Activities
Authors: Crettaz von Roten Fabienne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Scientists’ public outreach and engagement have been analyzed in many disciplines, but not in animal experimentation science, even though its relationship with society is complex. Research shows that scientists are active: they participate in public outreach and engagement activities. Scientists profile themselves mostly via the deficit model perspective, either in their attitudes or in the types of activities chosen. With regard to attitudes and behaviors, scientists are not a homogenous group but vary according to demographic and academic factors. This means that the relationship between science and society is predominantly determined by a group of scientists, which may reduce its richness. The study reveals tension between recognition of the importance of engagement and fears of being misquoted and of negative reactions from peers or the hierarchy.
Dogs Feared and Dogs Loved: Human-Dog Relations in the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Gündoğdu Cihangir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current study investigates human-animal relations with a specific focus on the case of dogs in the late Ottoman Empire. It contextualizes the new type of animal-human relations against the backdrop of the Ottoman modernization efforts, which took the form of institutional, legal, political and social reforms, and relates the adoption of dogs as pet (companion) animals to the global trends of keeping pets in Western Europe. In so doing, it scrutinizes the various religious, medical and professional perspectives concerning dogs and the human world in the late Ottoman Empire; the purchase and transfer of breed dogs from Europe and the middle classes’ responses to this new form of relationship; and finally, the dissemination of pet-keeping culture and practices among Ottoman upper and middle classes.
Truncated power-law distribution of group sizes in antelope
Authors: Minasandra Pranav , Isvaran Kavita 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Quantifying and understanding group size distributions can be useful for understanding group behaviour in animal populations. We analysed group size data of the blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, from six different field sites to estimate the group size distribution of this antelope. We used likelihood based methods (AICs and likelihood ratios) to show that an exponentially truncated power law is the distribution that best describes blackbuck group data, outperforming a simple power-law, an exponential distribution, and a lognormal distribution. Our results show that distribution parameters can be used to draw novel insights regarding group dynamics, and we demonstrate this by investigating how habitat openness affects group size distributions.
Leon Trotsky, the Cultural Debates, and the Political Struggle in 1923
Authors: Reznik Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article examines interconnections between politics and culture in the early Soviet era, using Leon Trotsky’s activities in the campaign for a new everyday life (novyi byt) in 1923 as a case-study. Traditionally, scholars pay attention primarily to Trotsky’s writings on literature and art. In contrast, this article shows the important role of Trotsky’s brochure ‘Problems of Everyday Life’ in the development of a new field of political communication that became the space for criticism of different political and cultural aspects of Soviet power and Bolshevik rule. Using archival and press sources, it shows how the campaign was spread both from below and above, and what were the reasons for its failure to become an alternative cultural revolution.