bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synchrotron Study of Molecular and Chemical Interaction at the Dental Material/Biomimetic Composite/Native Hard Dental Tissue Interface
Authors: Goloshchapov D , Kashkarov V , Ippolitov Yu , Ippolitov I , Vongsvivut J , Seredin P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on the technology of molecular multidimensional IR- synchrotron visualization, the paper explores integration of a new generation of biomimetic composites that regenerates a mineral organic dental enamel complex with native human hard dental tissues and dental cement. The data of spectral molecular visualization was obtained from the area of the healthy hard tissue (enamel/dentine) – biomimetic transition layer – dental material/adhesive interface. The resulting data is indicative of chemical differentiation of functional groups of all the materials at the biomimetic system/natural hard tissue and prove the chosen method to be effective in analyzing integration of dental concrete and new generation biomimetic composites.
The traffic performance of the wheeled carrying liquid materials study
Authors: Plavelsky E P , Sharapov R R , Plavelsky A E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A feature of the wheeled vehicles capable of carrying liquid materials is the presence of the external disturbances in the form of interaction with the roadbed. This applies to peculiar transport vehicles, carrying liquid materials considered as non-Newtonian fluid. The internal disturbances in the form of the liquid material free surface interaction is the presence of the external disturbances in the form of interaction with the roadbed. Internal disturbances in the form of the wheeled concrete transport machine working vessel fluid free surface interaction should also be taken into account. The article describes the first part of the task - the interaction of the system with the roadbed. The simplest form of the system motion equations with rolling is in the accompanying coordinate system when written in the form of equations in quasi-coordinates. Based on the apparatus of nonholonomic mechanics, M.V. Keldysh built the theory of the rolling wheels with an elastic tire. Under certain assumptions, the above-mentioned theory in the article is extended to the case of curvilinear motion. These equations are represented as a system of first-order equations convenient for numerical solution.
Ultrasonic welding aluminium alloy 7075 to titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V: parameter optimization and mechanical property
Authors: Shibo Liu , Guijun Bi , Yijun Man , Xianchong Sun , Yang Lee Bing , Dayou Pan , Kweng Cheng Chek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The demand for lightweight materials has increased for automobile and airplane industry. Traditional fusion welding techniques always generate brittle intermetallic compound (IMC). Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) is a promising technique to joint dissimilar metals and suppress IMC formation. This study aims to investigate the role of process parameters as well as surface roughness on the joint shear strength of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and aluminium alloy 7075. Process parameters namely penetration depth, welding time and pressure were varied and the joint shear strength obtained was investigated. Results obtained were indicative that penetration depth and pressure should be used with highest values and surface roughness with lowest. In summary, optimal parameters are USW penetration depth 0.7mm, welding time 1.8s, pressure 0.7 MPa and surface roughness of AA7075 0.1457 Ra µm and Ti-6Al-4V 0.0651 Ra µm (both ground by P1200 SiC paper) in this study.
Design of Vacuum Pump Control System for Negative Pressure Shale Shaker Based on PLC
Authors: Yang Xiangqian , Zhou Chao , Guo Hua , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the solid-liquid separation effect of drilling fluid in drilling operation, a new type of negative pressure vibrating screen was developed. The vacuum pump is its main component. At present, the degree of vacuum has a significant impact on the screening effect and working efficiency of the negative pressure vibrating screen. The value of the vacuum is based on experience, the setting parameters are not adjustable, or changing via the manual adjustment, and the control precision and the degree of intelligence are low. The system of the negative pressure vibrating screen vacuum pump control was designed with the moisture content of the filter cake as the controlled variable. The mathematical model between the moisture content and the vacuum degree of the filter cake was established. The fuzzy PID was studied by using Siemens S7-300 PLC as the controller. Control the law, build a control system based on the inverter as the actuator, and control the vacuum degree according to the drilling fluid quality in real time. The field application shows that the steady state error of the system is 11.1%, which meets the drilling operation requirements.
3D Numerical Simulation of Expendable Bathythermograph Probe Dropping
Authors: Lv Wenlong , Wang Yongjie , Li Fang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to study the motion of Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) probe, the transient dropping process is numerically simulated by using Fluent software. In the paper, the dynamic mesh method, the 6DOF solver and the volume of fluid (VOF) model are used in Fluent. The trajectory, speed and rotating speed of the probe are investigated, and we also analyze the influence of the tail fin’s shape on the rotating speed. The numerical results show that the trajectory and key velocity of XBT probe are in accordance with the relevant research results. And we could get more detailed information than theory or experiment methods. The work can provide a research basis for the research on the underwater motion, stability and structure design of the XBT probe.
Critical Legal Orientalism: Rethinking the Comparative Discourse on Chinese Law
Authors: Coendet Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Critical legal Orientalism is a tale of two empires, the United States and China. In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States established a special U.S. court for China, thus incorporating China as the largest district of their jurisdiction. This extraterritorial court operated for about a century and advanced an American legal imperialism in China that continues today. It is an empire founded on the notion of China as a place where law actually does not exist because neither its subjects nor its state lives up to the rule of law. Such Western assumptions about China and its legal tradition are called “legal Orientalism.” Comparative legal scholarship has introduced this concept and erected a critique of U.S. law and foreign policy around it. In the Chinese reception, this Western self-criticism has taken a political turn. Here, legal Orientalism feeds into an imperial narrative, which is no less ambitious than its American counterpart for it allows discrediting concerns about Chinese legal practice as an Orientalist misreading. Rule of law criticism is thereby silenced, and this extends the space for what has been recently called China’s “New Era.” The concept of legal Orientalism, as we know it today, is not ready to address such a political turn of legal Orientalism. It has no understanding of its own critical position beyond a Western self-criticism. Therefore, this Article develops the outlines of a critical legal Orientalism. It argues that legal Orientalism will be a critical project of comparative scholarship only if it reflects on its own position; and this includes reflecting on its political, ethical, and normative implications. A critical legal Orientalism thus marks a discursive position that neither serves to reinvent self-righteous empires nor to silence ideas of justice in their names.
Post-hurricane shifts in the morphology of island lizards
Authors: Rabe Allison M , Herrmann Nicholas C , Culbertson Katherine A , Donihue Colin M , Prado-Irwin Sofia R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHurricanes are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity as a result of climate change, but the impacts of these disturbances on the evolutionary trajectories of the species they affect are not yet well understood. In this project, we investigated population-level changes in morphology in the lizard Anolis carolinensis after Hurricane Irma in 2017. We found that anole populations were morphologically distinct after the hurricane, exhibiting significantly longer forelimbs and hindlimbs compared with pre-hurricane measurements. These morphological changes were consistent across two replicate islands and between males and females. The observed morphological shifts were potentially driven by positive selection from Hurricane Irma on clinging capacity. In this opportunistic study, we documented post-hurricane changes in the morphology of island lizards and suggest the potential for increasingly frequent and intense hurricanes to play an important role in natural selection and anole evolution.
IFCC Working Group Recommendations for Correction of Bias Caused by Noncommutability of a Certified Reference Material Used in the Calibration Hierarchy of an End-User Measurement Procedure
Authors: Miller W Greg , Budd Jeffrey , Greenberg Neil , Weykamp Cas , Althaus Harald , Schimmel Heinz , Panteghini Mauro , Delatour Vincent , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Keller Thomas , Hawkins Douglas , Burns Chris , Rej Robert , Camara Johanna E , MacKenzie Finlay , van der Hagen Eline , Vesper Hubert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEstablishing metrological traceability to an assigned value of a matrix-based certified reference material (CRM) that has been validated to be commutable among available end-user measurement procedures (MPs) is central to producing equivalent results for the measurand in clinical samples (CSs) irrespective of the clinical laboratory MPs used. When a CRM is not commutable with CSs, the bias due to noncommutability will be propagated to the CS results causing incorrect metrological traceability to the CRM and nonequivalent CS results among different MPs. In a commutability assessment, a conclusion that a CRM is commutable or noncommutable for use with a specific MP is made when the difference in bias between the CRM and CSs meets or does not meet a criterion for that specific MP when compared to other MPs. A conclusion regarding commutability or noncommutability requires that the magnitude of the difference in bias observed in the commutability assessment remains unchanged over time. This conclusion requires the CRM to be stable and no substantive changes in the MPs. These conditions should be periodically reverified. If an available CRM is determined to be noncommutable for a specific MP, that CRM can be used in the calibration hierarchy for that MP when an appropriately validated MP-specific correction for the noncommutability bias is included. We describe with examples how a MP-specific correction and its uncertainty can be developed and applied in a calibration hierarchy to achieve metrological traceability of results for CSs to the CRM’s assigned value.
Contrasting the suitability of shade coffee agriculture and native forest as overwinter habitat for Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) in the Colombian Andes
Authors: González Ana M , Wilson Scott , Bayly Nicholas J , Hobson Keith A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the Neotropics, coffee production occurs on a large scale in some of the planet’s most biodiverse regions: tropical mountains. Coffee production systems involving shade trees are considered to have a lower impact on biodiversity than alternative sun coffee. To date, the majority of evidence for the value of shade coffee plantations has not taken into account the relative quality of this habitat compared to the native forests they replaced. We determined the suitability of shade coffee and forest as winter habitat for Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) by comparing variation in the likelihood of capturing individuals, seasonal changes in body condition, and estimates of annual survival between the 2 habitats. We also determined the effect of the strong 2015–2016 El Niño event on survival. Males were relatively more likely to be captured in forest than females and this likelihood increased during drier years. Body condition change over the winter and apparent annual survival were similar for individuals that used forest and coffee. However, condition and survival decreased in both habitats during the El Niño year. Apparent survival was also lower for individuals carrying a radiotag or geolocator. Our findings suggest that shade coffee with high canopy cover and height offers similar benefits to forest in terms of body condition and survival. Landscape conservation approaches, promoting diverse matrices of structurally complex shade coffee and forest might best ensure long-term survival in Neotropical migrants like Canada Warbler.
Interstage management of pulmonary blood flow after the Norwood procedure with right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit
Authors: Yasukawa Takashi , Hoashi Takaya , Kitano Masataka , Shimada Masatoshi , Imai Kenta , Kurosaki Kenichi , Ichikawa Hajime 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to assess the efficacy of managing pulmonary blood flow from the Norwood procedure with a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV–PA) conduit until stage 2 palliation (S2P).

METHODS
Among 48 consecutive patients undergoing the Norwood procedure between 2008 and 2018, 40 (83.3%) patients who survived to discharge were included in this study. The primary diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome in 28 (70%) patients and hypoplastic left heart syndrome variant in 12 (30%) patients. All patients received bilateral pulmonary artery banding. The median age and weight at the time of the Norwood procedure were 41 (25th–75th percentiles: 27–89) days and 3.2 (2.7–3.9) kg, respectively. In keeping with institutional strategy, S2P was undertaken when body weight exceeded 5.0 kg, and normal gross motor development was confirmed.

RESULTS
The RV–PA conduit was clipped in 28 (70%) patients during the perioperative period of the Norwood procedure, then partial unclipping was performed in 8 (20%) patients and full unclipping was performed in 20 (50%) patients. Before S2P, the median pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 1.0 (0.7–1.3). The median age and weight at the time of S2P were 10.7 (9.0–12.9) months and 6.3 (5.5–7.1) kg, respectively. The survival rate 5 years after Norwood discharge was 85.3%. Pre-S2P pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was linearly correlated with greater interstage changes in systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation (R2 = 0.223, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
Interstage management of pulmonary blood flow by RV–PA conduit clipping and gradual unclipping provided good interstage outcomes. The median pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio could be controlled to 1.0 at pre-S2P catheter examination.
Moderate hypothermia with remote ischaemic preconditioning improves cerebral protection compared to deep hypothermia: a study using a surviving porcine model
Authors: Mustonen Caius , Honkanen Hannu-Pekka , Lehtonen Siri , Tuominen Hannu , Mäkelä Tuomas , Kaakinen Timo , Kiviluoma Kai , Anttila Vesa , Juvonen Tatu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The optimal temperature management of hypothermic circulatory arrest is still controversial. Moderate hypothermia preserves cerebral autoregulation and shortens cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration. However, moderate hypothermia alone has inferior organ protection to deep hypothermia, so adjuncts that increase the ischaemic tolerance are needed. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and moderate hypothermia would be superior to deep hypothermia alone.

METHODS
Sixteen pigs were randomized to either RIPC or control groups (8 + 8). The RIPC group underwent 4 cycles of transient hind limb ischaemia. The RIPC group underwent cooling with CPB to 24°C, and the control group underwent cooling with CPB to 18°C, followed by a 30-min arrest period and subsequent rewarming to 36°C. Measurements of cerebral metabolism were made from sagittal sinus blood samples and common carotid artery blood flow. The permissible periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest were calculated based on these measurements. Neurological recovery was evaluated daily during a 7-day follow-up, and the brain was harvested for histopathological analysis.

RESULTS
Six pigs in the RIPC group reached normal neurological function, but none in the control group reached normal neurological function (P = 0.007). The composite neurological score of all postoperative days was higher in the RIPC group than in the control group [55 (52–58) vs 45 (39–51), P = 0.026]. At 24°C, the estimated permissible periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest were 21 (17–25) min in the RIPC group and 11 (9–13) min in the control group (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
RIPC combined with moderate hypothermia provides superior cerebral protection.
Incidence and characteristics of hospitalization for proximal aortic surgery for acute syndromes and for aneurysms in the USA from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Mullan Clancy William , Mori Makoto , Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Yousef Sameh , Mangi Abeel A , Elefteriades John A , Geirsson Arnar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe effectiveness of proximal thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) surgery in preventing acute aortic syndromes, such as dissection and rupture, is unknown at the populational level. This study evaluated trends in acute aortic syndrome operation incidence relative to proximal aortic surgical volume in the USA.METHODSA retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample in 2005–2014 was performed. Acute aortic syndrome and TAA were identified with International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition diagnosis codes. Proximal aortic surgery was defined as the diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome or TAA with an aortic procedure and either cardioplegia, cardiopulmonary bypass or other cardiac operation. Annual rates of acute aortic syndrome surgery and proximal thoracic aneurysm surgery were adjusted for US population. Trends were evaluated using linear regression.RESULTSWe identified 38 442 operations for acute aortic diagnoses and 74 953 operations for TAAs. Case volume for acute aortic syndromes increased from 0.93 to 1.63 per 100 000 (P = 0.001), and aneurysm surgery increased from 1.75 to 3.19 per 100 000 (P &lt; 0.001). Patient and hospital characteristics differed between acute aortic and aneurysm operations, with black patients being most notably underrepresented in the aneurysm population (4.9% vs 17.0%, P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAcute aortic syndrome operative volume increased from 2005 to 2014 despite increasing rates of proximal aortic aneurysm surgery. Patient characteristic discrepancies were observed between the 2 groups of hospitalizations, highlighting the need for continued efforts to minimize sociodemographic disparities.
The early life stages of the orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides, exhibit robustness to hypercapnia
Authors: Lonthair Joshua , Hwang Pung-Pung , Esbaugh Andrew J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) and other climate change-induced environmental alterations are resulting in unprecedented rates of environmental degradation. This environmental change is generally thought to be too fast for adaptation using evolutionary process dependent on natural selection, and thus, resilience may be related to the presence of existing tolerant genotypes and species. Estuaries undergo natural partial pressure carbon dioxide (pCO2) fluctuations, with levels regularly exceeding predicted end of the century values. In this study, we use the estuarine orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) to explore the intrinsic resilience to elevated pCO2. Our sensitivity endpoints included: survival, heart rate, growth, and yolk consumption. Furthermore, we attempted to determine whether their acid–base regulatory machinery was plastic in response to elevated pCO2 by analysing the gene expression of key transporters and ionocyte density. Survival was not significantly altered by exposure to elevated pCO2. Interestingly, the heart rate was significantly elevated at both 1500 and 3100 μatm exposure. However, other metrics of energetic consumption, such as yolk consumption and growth, were not significantly altered. Furthermore, we found no changes in gene expression in vha, nhe3, and nbc, as well as ionocyte density at elevated pCO2. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that estuarine species are resilient to the impacts of OA.
Conforming and nonconforming virtual element methods for a Kirchhoff plate contact problem
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Jikun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe establish a general framework to study the conforming and nonconforming virtual element methods (VEMs) for solving a Kirchhoff plate contact problem with friction, which is a fourth-order elliptic variational inequality (VI) of the second kind. This VI contains a non-differentiable term due to the frictional contact. This theoretical framework applies to the existing virtual elements such as the conforming element, the $C^0$-continuous nonconforming element and the fully nonconforming Morley-type element. In the unified framework we derive a priori error estimates for these virtual elements and show that they achieve optimal convergence order for the lowest-order case. For demonstrating the performance of the VEMs we present some numerical results that confirm the theoretical prediction of the convergence order.
Rohlin Actions of Finite Groups on the Razak–Jacelon Algebra
Authors: Nawata Norio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet $A$ be a simple separable nuclear C$^*$-algebra with a unique tracial state and no unbounded traces, and let $\alpha $ be a strongly outer action of a finite group $G$ on $A$. In this paper, we show that $\alpha \otimes \textrm{id}$ on $A\otimes \mathcal{W}$ has the Rohlin property where $\mathcal{W}$ is the Razak–Jacelon algebra. Combing this result with the recent classification results and our previous result, we see that such actions are unique up to conjugacy.
Noninvasive Determination of CMV Serostatus From Dried Buccal Swab Samples: Assay Development, Validation, and Application to 1.2 Million Samples
Authors: Behrens Geoffrey A , Brehm Michael , Groß Rita , Heider Jana , Sauter Jürgen , Baier Daniel M , Wehde Tatjana , Castriciano Santina , Schmidt Alexander H , Lange Vinzenz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Buccal swab sampling constitutes an attractive noninvasive alternative to blood drawings for antibody serostatus assays. Here we describe a method to determine the cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (CMV IgG) serostatus from dried buccal swab samples.

Methods
Upon solubilization, CMV IgG is determined by an ELISA assay specifically adapted to cope with low IgG concentrations. The derived CMV titer is normalized against the total protein concentration to adjust for incorrectly or less efficiently sampled buccal swabs. Assay parameters were optimized on a set of 713 samples.

Results
Validation with 1784 samples revealed distinct results for &gt; 80% of samples with 98.6% specificity and 99.1% sensitivity. Based on the analysis of 1.2 million samples we derived age- and sex-stratified CMV prevalence statistics for Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, and Chile. To confirm accuracy of the assay in routine operation, the CMV status of 6518 donors was reassessed by independent laboratories based on conventional blood samples revealing 96.9% specificity and 97.4% sensitivity.

Conclusions
The assay accurately delivers the CMV IgG serostatus from dried buccal swab samples for &gt; 80% of the participants. Thereby it provides a noninvasive alternative to plasma-based CMV monitoring for nondiagnostic purposes such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donor screening or population studies.