bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Urine for Its Ultraviolet-Absorbing Constituents by High-Pressure Anion-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Scott Charles D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automatic, high-resolution analytic system for the quantitative determination of the ultraviolet-absorbing molecular constituents of urine and other body fluids is being developed. This system is comprised of a heated, high-pressure anion-exchange column for the separation step and a continuous-flow ultraviolet spectrophotometer for the detection step. Separation is achieved by elution with an acetate buffer of gradually increasing concentration. The total analysis time is 40 hr.
Chromatograms showing the absorbance of the column effluent as a function of time are recorded by a strip-chart recorder and by a data acquisition system containing a digital voltmeter and paper tape punch. The output from the latter is then used as the input to a digital computer for analysis of the chromatogram.
More than 140 chromatographic peaks have been resolved from a 2-ml. urine sample. Normal urine samples yield similar chromatograms. A variation in the diurnal cycle has been noted.
Observations on the Fluorometric Measurement of Creatine Kinase Activity
Authors: Sax Sylvan M , Moore John J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Twenty patients’ serums have been analyzed by both the Sax-Moore (1) and Conn-Anido (2) creatine kinase methods. No significant difference in enzyme activity was found. In our hands, the Conn-Anido procedure, as originally described, gave variable results and high background fluorescence. The presence of high alkaline or acid phosphatase activities in specimens analyzed by the Sax-Moore procedure does not cause spurious elevations of creatine kinase.
Hemiglobin and Hemiglobin Nitrite
Authors: van Assendelft O W , Zijlstra W G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hemiglobin terminology as proposed by Theil and Auer (1) is inadequate. Equimolar quantities of nitrite and oxyhemoglobin give rise to the formation of hemiglobin. Excess nitrite causes the formation of hemiglobin nitrite.
Automated Method for the Determination of Deuterium Oxide in Water and Biologic Fluids
Authors: Robbins R C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated system has been assembled for determination of deuterium oxide in water and physiologic fluids. The system consists of an AutoAnalyzer sampler, proportioning pump, and dialyzer; a Perkin-Elmer infrared spectrophotometer; and a Sargent recorder. Reproducibility of peak heights showed a standard deviation of less than ± 1 mm. over a range of D2O concentrations from 0.125 to 1.000%.
Fluorometric Screening Procedure for Galactosemia Utilizing the AutoAnalyzer
Authors: Hochella Norman J , Hill John B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A screening procedure is described which can be used to separate the great majority of normal persons from those with a lack of the enzyme galactose transferase. The method is designed to be used on dried blood spot eluates which remain after a phenylalanine determination has been performed. The optimum conditions for this test are described, and data are presented from a preliminary study of more than a thousand infants and several confirmed galactosemics.
Determination of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
Authors: Roberts R C , Nikolai T F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for determining thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentration as the total thyroxine-binding capacity, has been developed. Prior electrophoretic separation of the three serum thyroxine-binding proteins is not required. Serum samples are diluted with a barbital-salicylate buffer pH 8.6, which inhibits thyroxine-binding by prealbumin. After incubation with 100 µg/100 ml thyroxine containing 131l-thyroxine, dextran-coated charcoal is added to the sample, which binds all the thyroxine not bound to TBG. The radioactivity in the supernatant solution is directly related to the concentration of TBG present. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the TBG results for this new assay and the polyacrylamide electrophoretic assay is 0.964. The mean TBG concentration and standard deviation for 80 normals was 19.2 ± 2.6 µg/100 ml. Pregnant women and women taking estrogens had a mean and standard deviation of 35.8 ± 4.8 µg/100 ml. Males from TBG-deficient families had TBG values of 5 µg/100 ml or less, and females from these families had values ranging from 8 to 12 µg/100 ml. The new assay is considerably simpler in equipment requirements and technic than the assays currently being used, and should be more practical for routine clinical laboratory use.
Butanol-Extractable Iodine in Human and Bovine Colostrum and Milk
Authors: Man Evelyn B , Benotti Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High total iodine content and significant amounts of iodinated amino acids, but not of thyronines, have been reported in milk of various species. Since the human neonate requires thyroxine-like iodine compounds for central nervous system development, analyses of thyroxine-like iodine compounds such as butanol-extractable iodine of colostrum or early milk were indicated. Four samples of human milk 2-5 days post-delivery and 11 samples of bovine milk were examined for butanol-extractable iodine content. Thyroxine-like iodine compounds of colostrum or milk soon after parturition were extremely low, but total iodine values of milk supply abundant inorganic iodine for the mature neonatal thyroid.
Agar Gel Lipoprotein Electrophoresis: A Correlated Study with Ultracentrifugation
Authors: lammarino R M , Humphrey M , Antolik Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Interest in lipoprotein electrophoresis has been stimulated by a reappraisal of hyperlipoproteinemic syndromes and definition of five basic types according to Fredrickson (Types I, II, III, IV, V). The basic analytic reference for lipoprotein studies remains ultracentrifugal analysis. We have adapted an agar gel lipoprotein electrophoretic system employing a photometric scan and quantification of lipoprotein fractions based on post-electrophoresis Sudan Black B staining. This method of lipoprotein partitioning has been compared with lipoprotein analysis by ultracentrifugation. Statistically significant correlation between the methods is demonstrated.
Cerate-Arsenite Measurement of Iodine in the Subnanogram Range
Authors: Hoch Hans , Lewallen Charles G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the measurement of subnanogram quantities of iodine is described. Procedural detail and precision of results are presented for application of the method to protein-bound or total iodine in duplicate on 12.3 µl serum. Following wet ashing with chloric reagent, the iodine-catalyzed cerate-arsenite reaction was carried out at temperatures between 23 and 27°, and the reaction rate coefficients were corrected to refer to 25.0° by an empirical equation. The recovery of iodine standards, added to the precipitated protein before ashing, ranged between 96 and 106%. One contributing cause of this variation is the formation of an inhibitor of unknown nature during heating. Samples were brought to a final volume of 180 µl prior to fading. The detection limit was of the order of 0.04 ng iodine. For 62 serum samples having a mean iodine content of 0.558 ng (range 0.15-1.31 ng), the standard deviation calculated from duplicates was 0.019 ng/180 µl. For 31 samples having a mean iodine content of 2.24 ng (range 1.61-2.96 ng), the standard deviation was 0.039 ng/180 µl. Expressed as micrograms of iodine per 100 ml of serum, the mean ± standard deviation for the group of 62 samples was 4.54 ± 0.15.
Assay of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin by Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis: Normal Values
Authors: Roberts R C , Nikolai T F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) assays by the polyacrylamide electrophoresis assay of Nikolai and Seal have been carried out on 315 normal subjects. The assay was carried out with 200 µg exogenous labeled thyroxine per 100 ml added to the samples. The means and standard deviations for the three thyroxine-binding proteins in males (n = 140) were: TBG 19.7 ± 3.0 µg/100 ml, thyroxine-binding albumin (TBA) 38.0 ± 10.3 µg/100 ml, thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) 141.2 ± 10.9 µg/ 100 ml. The values for females (n = 175) were: TBG 21.6 ± 3.2 µg/100 ml, TBA 40.0 ± 10 µg/100 ml, and TBPA 137 ± 10.5 µg/100 ml. The difference in the means of the TBG values of males and females was significant (p &lt; 0.01). Partial correlation analysis indicated that a significant correlation existed between protein-bound iodine and the TBG values only. A highly significant correlation was also found between the resin T3 uptake values and TBG. Persons (n = 43) receiving estrogens had a mean TBC of 36 µg/100 ml with a range of 26-45. This is an elevation of almost 5 SDs above normal. The normal values obtained by the polyacrylamide assay are compared with other electrophoretic assays of TBG.
Cleavage of Canavaninosuccinic Acid by Human Liver To Form Guanidinosuccinic Acid, a Substance Found in the Urine of Uremic Patients
Authors: Takahara Kihachiro , Nakanishi Shigeko , Natelson Samuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) has been isolated in substantial quantities from the urine of uremic patients (1). Attempts to form this compound by transamidination from canavanine and arginine to aspartic acid were unsuccessful. A possible pathway has been found for GSA formation. Human liver homogenate splits canavaninosuccinic acid (CSA) to form homoserine and GSA. Optimum pH is at 8.7-8.8. The reaction proceeds best under anaerobic conditions. Reduced lipoic acid must be present for the reaction. NADH, NADPH, GSH, cysteine, ascorbic acid, NaCN, Fe++, and reduced CoA, dithiothreitol, and BAL cannot be substituted for the lipoic acid. BAL, NADH, NADPH, Fe++, and Co++ act as inhibitors for the reaction. A nondialyzable inhibitor also is present in the liver and can be washed out with water.
More than 90% of GSA incubated with various tissues and administered subcutaneously to intact rats was recovered unchanged. It is suggested that GSA is an end product of metabolism in the human.
Properties of "Usual" and " Atypical" Serum Cholinesterases Using o-Nitrophenyl Butyrate as Substrate
Authors: Whittaker Mary , Hardisty C A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effects of varying concentrations of sodium chloride and formaldehyde on the activity of "usual" and "atypical" serum cholinesterases using o-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate have been examined. The atypical enzyme has been shown to be more sensitive to either inhibitor than the usual enzyme. These results indicate two new methods for differentiating the two variants using a noncholine ester as substrate. Differential inhibition of the two enzymes by sodium chloride has been shown to be temperature-dependent.
A New "Kinetic" Method for Enzyme Analysis Suitable for Automation
Authors: Trayser Kenneth A , Seligson David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed for automatic instrumentation of enzyme activity determinations which involve spectrophotometric measurements. The procedure utilizes a kinetic method to produce one instrumental reading that is proportional to enzyme concentration. The single spectrophotometric reading can be processed by analog or digital computation, using the known absorptivity constant of the reactant or product measured, to provide a value for enzyme activity expressed in micromoles of substrate consumed or product formed per unit time per unit volume under the specified conditions. Using the spectrophotometric measurement, one can establish enzyme concentrations based on absolute constants yielding results similar to those obtained by conventional kinetic measurements of zero-order reaction rates which are proportional to enzyme concentration.
Urinary Amino Acid and Peptide Excretion Patterns in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne): A Preliminary Study with the AutoAnalyzer
Authors: Maskaleris Milton L , Gross Stanislaw , Milhorat Ade T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An amino acid AutoAnalyzer was used to monitor the excretion patterns of the urinary amino acids and peptides of 7 male patients (aged 3-17) with muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type. In comparison with the output of 8 healthy boys (aged 3-12), on the average, a reduction in the excretion of Thr, Ser, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Tyr, Lys, and His over a 24-hr period was found in the urine of the patients, although the number of analyses was too small for statistically significant conclusions. The content of Asp, Glu, Phe, and Leu was about equal, and Pro and Hyp were present in very small quantities. Also, for the first time, a peptide analyzer was used to study the bound components from urine specimens of the patients. Excretion patterns of several peptides in three of the above patients aged 3-17 were found to differ from those of the controls. Of the six major peptide fractions examined, five were present in smaller amounts in the urine of patients; only one was elevated. It appears from these preliminary results that further study of the excretion patterns of amino acids and peptides of dystrophic patients is worthwhile, and that study of the peptides should be given preference.
Immunologic Determination of Proteins Found in Low Concentrations in Human Serum
Authors: Becker W , Schwick H G , Störiko K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Of 42 well-characterized proteins of human blood plasma, 23 previously have been determined by quantitative immunochemical methods. Quantitative data on an additional 10 plasma proteins are now communicated. Antiserums against the following proteins have been prepared: α1B-glycoprotein (easily precipitable α1-glycoprotein). α1T-glycoprotein (tryptophane-poor α1-glycoprotein), α1-antichymotrypsin (α1X-glycoprotein), α2-antithrombin (antithrombin III), Zn-α2-glycoprotein, α2-neuramino-glycoprotein (C'1 esterase inhibitor), β2-glycoprotein II and III, γD-globulin.
These proteins were determined in normal human serums by applying radial immunodiffusion. Highly purified and physicochemically well-defined proteins were used as standards. Coagulation factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor) was determined immunochemically in normal plasma using a specific antiserum. A genetically determined deficiency of β2-glycoprotein I has been found in healthy individuals. As yet, no conclusions on the biologic function of this protein can be drawn from the results. The available data on physiologic function and pathophysiologic abnormalities of all proteins mentioned are discussed.
Determination of Caffeine in Serum and Urine
Authors: Routh J I , Shane N A , Arredondo E G , Paul W D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The method of Axelrod and Reichenthal for the determination of caffeine in serum and urine was modified. The benzene used in the extraction of caffeine was shown to alter the spectral absorbance curve of this compound. A method based on the differential absorbance spectrums of caffeine and related compounds is described. Both methods exhibited satisfactory replication, recovery of added caffeine, and comparable serum levels of the drug.
A Membrane for the Rapid Concentration of Dilute Protein Samples in an Ultrafilter
Authors: van Oss Carel J , McConnell Cathryn R , Tompkins Russell K , Bronson Paul M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The preparation of an anisotropic membrane which retains all proteins of a molecular weight of 25,000 and larger is described. It permits, with the help of appropriate ultrafiltration cells, the 400-fold concentration of 400 ml of a dilute protein solution within a few hours, avoiding all denaturation. Ultrafiltration with this membrane has been compared with a tannic acid precipitation method for the concentration of very dilute serum protein solutions. The ultrafiltration procedure resulted in a more representative recovery of the proteins that were present in the original undiluted sample, with quite fair yields. Some results are given on the proteins found in urine samples from normals and patients with disease.
An Improved Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Total 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol in Urine
Authors: Nicholas Nickie L , Brown Harold , Swander Anna M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A clinically useful spectrophotometric method for the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) is presented. After treatment with barium chloride, the urine is hydrolyzed with Glusulase (β-glucuronidase and sulfatase).† The hydrolysate is passed through a column of Amberlite CG-4B‡ to remove any 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (MHMA) and the pH is adjusted to neutral. The MHPG is extracted with ethyl acetate and returned into potassium carbonate solution. Conversion of the MHPG to vanillin is accomplished with periodate and the vanillin is subsequently extracted with toluene and then potassium carbonate solution. The vanillin concentration is determined at 360 nm and 380 nm. The mean recovery of added MHPG standard was 54.9%. The mean daily excretion of MHPG in 23 samples from 10 normal subjects was 1.87 ± 0.6 mg (range 0.81-3.64). In 3 subjects with pheochromocytoma the excretion of MHPG was markedly elevated. There was an excellent correlation of the MHMA and MHPG excretion.
Laboratory Application of the Dextran-Coated-Charcoal Radioimmunoassay of Insulin
Authors: Poznanski Nadine , Poznanski Wojciech J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modification of the method for radioimmunoassay of insulin is described, which achieves satisfactory sensitivity while employing commercially available reagents and antiserums. These modifications consist mainly in lowering the initial percentage binding, reducing the amount of labeled insulin, and preincubating the unlabeled hormone with antiserum. Application of the linear isotope dilution formula, modified for our conditions, proves to be a reliable substitute for the standard curve.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Lipid Storage Diseases
Authors: Brady Roscoe O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The antenatal diagnosis of all nine known sphingolipid storage diseases is feasible at the present time. To ensure maximum reliability for such important determinations, radiolabeled lipids should be used for detecting fetuses with Niemann-Pick disease, Krabbe's disease, and ceramide lactoside lipidosis. Various artificial substrates may be used with confidence to detect metachromatic leukodystrophy, Fabry's disease, the classic and variant forms of Tay-Sachs disease, and Gaucher's disease.
Research by Clinical Chemists in the United States
Authors: Rice Eugene W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Publications listed in Chemical Abstracts (1962-1966) for 1539 members of the American Association of Clinical Chemists have been analyzed statistically by the "Product of Factors Law" as developed by Zener to assess research productivity. The observed data agreed well with a theoretical distribution curve for research productivity derived from the use of seven individual, uniform, statistically independent factors. The three personal factors of success in research productivity are tentatively identified as curiosity, ability to learn, and intellectual vigor. Adequate time, facilities, and technical help, and the presence of stimulating colleagues are possible extrinsic environmental factors governing the characteristic productivity distribution curve observed in this study. During this period, about 65% of the AACC membership had no papers abstracted in Chemical Abstracts and not more than 50 averaged one or more papers per year. Various prevailing scientific and sociological trends are discussed, which soon may improve this perspective.
Correlation between Results of a New T-3 Test and the Percentage of Free Thyroxine in Serum
Authors: Leonards Jack R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new "T-3" test, based on the competition between serum-binding proteins and Sephadex G-25 for 125I-triiodothyronine, is presented. Results obtained with this commercially available system (TRILUTE) compare favorably with those obtained either by direct measurement of percentage of free thyroxine or by the resin sponge uptake method. The described system requires less time and less plasma (0.05 ml), and the Sephadex column is disposable. Since the results of the T-3 test with TRILUTE and those for the percentage of free thyroxine correlate well, results obtained with the TRILUTE system can validly be converted to percentage of free thyroxine.
Detection of Basic Organic Drugs and Their Metabolites in Urine
Authors: Bastos Milton L , Kananen Gerald E , Young Randolph M , Monforte Joseph R , Sunshine Irving 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Basic organic drugs were extracted into ethanol from urine saturated with potassium carbonate. Drugs in this concentrate were purified by extraction into ether at pH 8.5. The ether extract was evaporated and applied to several thin-layer chromatograms. Functional-group detection was used in qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of the developed chromatograms by spraying the plates sequentially with several group-specific reagents. This simple, sensitive, and inexpensive procedure permits simultaneous analysis of many samples. It is well suited for detection of drug abuse.
Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects
Authors: Williams George Z , Young D S , Stein Mervyn R , Cotlove Ernest 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A study of blood constituents in normal individuals was undertaken to (a) estimate the contribution of biological and analytical factors to the variation of constituents over an extended time period; (b) to explore whether such tests can be used to derive meaningful personal blood "profiles"; and (c) to determine when analytic variation may become large enough to assume medical significance. This first paper describes procedures for subject selection, the laboratory methods employed, and evaluates analytic standard deviations. A group of 68 normal subjects was selected after medical evaluation. Sera were collected and analyzed in duplicate weekly for 10 to 12 weeks. Analytic deviation was estimated from the results of concurrent daily analyses of sterile pools of human serum. Laboratory procedures were introduced to reduce analytic deviation and to allow more accurate estimation of biological components of variation within and among individuals.
Correlation between Triglycerides and Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase in Men on High-Fat Diets
Authors: Katchman Bernard J , Zipf Robert E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Of eight young men on high-fat diets (60% of caloric intake) for 42 days, four developed serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentrations greater than normal, while lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline and acid phosphatases were within the normal range. Serum triglyceride levels were also within the normal range, but significant correlations between serum triglycerides and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels were found in six of the eight subjects; the mean values for all eight subjects showed a correlation significant at the 99% level of confidence. SGPT levels may be of fundamental significance along with blood triglycerides in the evaluation of fatty livers and coronary artery disease.
Concurrent Assay of Phenobarbital and Diphenylhydantoin in Plasma by Vapor-Phase Chromatography
Authors: Van Meter J C , Buckmaster H S , Shelley L L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The weakly acidic phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, separated from interfering substances by simple solvent partition, are estimated concurrently by vapor-phase chromatography. Solid sample injection and internal standard (primidone) are used. The entire procedure can be completed within 2 h after venipuncture. Both drugs could be measured after therapeutic doses have been administered.