bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Preventing Bone Loss Induced by Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Rachner Tilman D , Göbel Andy , Jaschke Nikolai P , Hofbauer Lorenz C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Context: Aromatase inhibitors have become a mainstay in the adjuvant treatment regimen in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. While many of these patients have an excellent long-term prognosis, adverse effects on bone represent an emerging complication of aromatase inhibitor treatment, resulting in substantial bone loss and fragility fractures.
Treatment approaches to prevent aromatase inhibitor–induced bone loss typically consist of an antiresorptive approach with bisphosphonates or the RANKL antibody denosumab. However, different guidelines vary with respect to treatment thresholds, duration, and dosing.
The choice of antiresorptive regime is further complicated by comorbidities and potential disease-modifying effects of individual agents.
Objective: This review summarizes the evidence of how aromatase inhibitors affect bone health and provides an update of clinical approaches to preserve bone strength in affected women. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab XX: 0–0, 2020)
Duration of Exposure to Thyrotoxicosis Increases Mortality of Compromised AIT Patients: the Role of Early Thyroidectomy
Authors: Cappellani Daniele , Papini Piermarco , Di Certo Agostino Maria , Morganti Riccardo , Urbani Claudio , Manetti Luca , Tanda Maria Laura , Cosentino Giada , Marconcini Giulia , Materazzi Gabriele , Martino Enio , Bartalena Luigi , Bogazzi Fausto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have a high mortality rate that may be reduced by total thyroidectomy. Whether in this subset of patients thyroidectomy should be performed early during thyrotoxicosis or later after restoration of euthyroidism has not yet been settled.

Objectives
Mortality rates, including peritreatment mortality and 5-year cardiovascular mortality, and predictors of death, evaluated by Cox regression analysis.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 64 consecutive patients with AIT selected for total thyroidectomy from 1997 to 2019. Four groups of patients were identified according to serum thyroid hormone concentrations and LVEF: Group 1 (thyrotoxic, LVEF &lt;40%), Group 2 (thyrotoxic, LVEF ≥40%), Group 3 (euthyroid, LVEF &lt; 40%), Group 4 (euthyroid, LVEF ≥40%).

Results
Among patients with low LVEF (Groups 1 and 3), mortality was higher in patients undergoing thyroidectomy after restoration of euthyroidism (Group 3) than in those submitted to surgery when still thyrotoxic (Group 1): peritreatment mortality rates were 40% versus 0%, respectively (P = .048), whereas 5-year cardiovascular mortality rates were 53.3% versus 12.3%, respectively (P = .081). Exposure to thyrotoxicosis was longer in Group 3 than in Group 1 (112 days, interquartile range [IQR] 82.5-140, vs 76 days, IQR 24.8-88.5, P = .021). Survival did not differ in patients with LVEF ≥40% submitted to thyroidectomy irrespective of being thyrotoxic (Group 2) or euthyroid (Group 4): in this setting, peritreatment mortality rates were 6.3% versus 4% (P = .741) and 5-year cardiovascular mortality rates were 12.5% and 20% (P = .685), respectively. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.104, P = .029) and duration of exposure to thyrotoxicosis (HR 1.004, P = .039), but not presurgical serum thyroid hormone concentrations (P = .577 for free thyroxine, P = .217 for free triiodothyronine), were independent predictors of death.

Conclusions
A prolonged exposure to thyrotoxicosis resulted in increased mortality in patients with reduced LVEF, which may be reduced by early thyroidectomy.
1927
Authors: Esmeir Samera 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAt the turn of the sixteenth century, Egyptian polymath Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti compiled a study about earthquakes he titled Kashf al-salsala ‘an wasf al-zalzala (Revealing the Chain of Echoes/Meaning in the Description of Earthquakes; shortened to Zalzala). Arguing that they constituted divine signs, al-Suyuti chronicled 130 earthquakes that occurred in the Muslim world. Curiously, Zalzala reemerged more than three centuries later in the modern world of colonial expansions. In the aftermath of the 1927 earthquake in Palestine, American seismologist and Stanford professor Bailey Willis would make use of Zalzala for his authoritative “Earthquakes in the Holy Land.” The chronological sections of Zalzala would become indispensable for future seismological scholarship. This article tracks Zalzala's journey into seismology. Seismology's reception of Zalzala was possible by splitting it into two parts (theological and factual), receiving the factual and bracketing the theological, and by converting Zalzala from a chronology of horrors to a catalog of normal quakes of a unified seismic earth. This splitting was at odds with Zalzala's own structure, which joined the two dimensions. Consequently, signs of divinity persisted in seismic factuality, engendering a seismological-theological hybrid. This hybrid tells of the enduring difficulty seismology faces in transforming the earthquake-disaster into a seismological object. It also tells of the persistence of wonder and the enduring relevance of ethical reflection.
Rabphilin involvement in filtration and molecular uptake in Drosophila nephrocytes suggests a similar role in human podocytes
Authors: Selma-Soriano Estela , Llamusi Beatriz , Fernández-Costa Juan Manuel , Ozimski Lauren Louise , Artero Rubén , Redón Josep 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Drosophila nephrocytes share functional, structural and molecular similarities with human podocytes. It is known that podocytes express the rabphilin 3A (RPH3A)-RAB3A complex, and its expression is altered in mouse and human proteinuric disease. Furthermore, we previously identified a polymorphism that suggested a role for RPH3A protein in the development of urinary albumin excretion. As endocytosis and vesicle trafficking are fundamental pathways for nephrocytes, the objective of this study was to assess the role of the RPH3A orthologue in Drosophila, Rabphilin (Rph), in the structure and function of nephrocytes. We confirmed that Rph is required for the correct function of the endocytic pathway in pericardial Drosophila nephrocytes. Knockdown of Rph reduced the expression of the cubilin and stick and stones genes, which encode proteins that are involved in protein uptake and filtration. We also found that reduced Rph expression resulted in a disappearance of the labyrinthine channel structure and a reduction in the number of endosomes, which ultimately leads to changes in the number and volume of nephrocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that the administration of retinoic acid to IR-Rph nephrocytes rescued some altered aspects, such as filtration and molecular uptake, as well as the maintenance of cell fate. According to our data, Rph is crucial for nephrocyte filtration and reabsorption, and it is required for the maintenance of the ultrastructure, integrity and differentiation of the nephrocyte.
Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Haftek Marek , McAleer Maeve A , Jakasa Ivone , McLean WH Irwin , Kezic Sanja , Irvine Alan D. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Impaired skin barrier is an important etiological factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The structural protein filaggrin (FLG) plays a major role in maintenance of the competent skin barrier and its deficiency is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mechanical injury. Here we examined biomechanical characteristics of the corneocytes in children with AD and healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 20 children with AD and 7 healthy children. They were genotyped for filaggrin gene (FLG) loss-of-function mutations. Stratum corneum was collected from clinically unaffected skin by adhesive tapes. Cell stiffness (apparent elastic modulus, Ea) was determined by atomic force microscopy and filaggrin degradation products (NMF) by liquid chromatography. Skin barrier function was assessed through trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and disease severity by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool. Results: Corneocytes collected from AD patients showed a decreased elastic modulus which was strongly correlated with NMF and TEWL, but not with SCORAD. As compared with healthy controls, AD patients had reduced TEWL and NMF levels regardless of FLG mutations. NMF was strongly correlated with TEWL. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have decreased corneocyte stiffness which correlates with reduced levels of filaggrin degradation products, NMF and skin barrier function. Altered mechanical properties of the corneocytes likely contribute to the loss of mechanical integrity of the SC and to reduced skin barrier function in AD.
Anonymised and aggregated crowd level mobility data from mobile phones suggests that initial compliance with COVID-19 social distancing interventions was high and geographically consistent across the UK
Authors: Jeffrey Benjamin , Walters Caroline E. , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Eales Oliver , Ciavarella Constanze , Bhatia Sangeeta , Hayes Sarah , Baguelin Marc , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Brazeau Nicholas F. , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , FitzJohn Richard G. , Gaythorpe Katy , Green William , Imai Natsuko , Mellan Thomas A. , Mishra Swapnil , Nouvellet Pierre , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Verity Robert , Vollmer Michaela , Whittaker Charles , Ferguson Neil M. , Donnelly Christl A. , Riley Steven 
Published: July 2020

Background: Since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which have resulted in reduced mobility across different regions. Crowd level data on mobile phone usage can be used as a proxy for actual population mobility patterns and provide a way of quantifying the impact of social distancing measures on changes in mobility. Methods: Here, we use two mobile phone-based datasets (anonymised and aggregated crowd level data from O2 and from the Facebook app on mobile phones) to assess changes in average mobility, both overall and broken down into high and low population density areas, and changes in the distribution of journey lengths. Results: We show that there was a substantial overall reduction in mobility, with the most rapid decline on the 24th March 2020, the day after the Prime Minister’s announcement of an enforced lockdown. The reduction in mobility was highly synchronized across the UK. Although mobility has remained low since 26th March 2020, we detect a gradual increase since that time. We also show that the two different datasets produce similar trends, albeit with some location-specific differences. We see slightly larger reductions in average mobility in high-density areas than in low-density areas, with greater variation in mobility in the high-density areas: some high-density areas eliminated almost all mobility. Conclusions: These analyses form a baseline from which to observe changes in behaviour in the UK as social distancing is eased and inform policy towards the future control of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK.
Ograniczanie barier prawnych i administracyjnych w polityce transgranicznej Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Jacek 
Published: July 2020

Resolving Legal and Administrative Obstacles in the EU
Cross‑border Policy In the face of the crises in the European Union, it has become necessary to review the EU cohesion policy. This new approach can be seen in the recently introduced solutions, which are aimed at the development of cross‑border regions and the elimination of disproportions between them. However, they are not effective enough. Therefore, it is proposed to use further instruments in order to enforce changes in the legal and institutional environment in the regions. This idea is extended in the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism to resolve legal and administrative obstacles in a cross‑border context, which enables a direct application of law of one member state in a cross‑border region of the neighbouring country. The functioning of such mechanism will be a test of the durability of European integration and at the same time will verify if the Polish legal and political system belongs to modern Europe.
Od populizmu regionalistycznego do nacjonalistycznego
Authors: Fijał Małgorzata 
Published: July 2020

From Regionalistic to Nationalistic Populism. Reflection on Italian Populism on the Example of the (Northern) League
The (Northern) League has been playing a key role on the Italian political scene for almost three decades. The article approaches the issue of the elements of rhetoric of the populist narrative proclaimed by the party with particular emphasis on the two types of populism: regionalistic and nationalistic populism. The purpose of the article is above all an attempt to reconstruct the most important populist characteristics and activities contributing to the League’s significant electoral success and verification of the research hypothesis that the phenomenon of populism in Italy is associated with the long‑standing regional character of the Italian state and the resulting attitude of putting their (often regional) interests above those of others.
Integrationskurse jako narzędzie polityki integracyjnej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: Gierszewski Dorota , Matykiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: July 2020

Integrationskurse as a Tool for the Integration Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
After years of denying that Germany, as a country that is a destination of migration, needs a consistent migration policy, at the beginning of the 21st century the situation in that matter started to change. Since then, the rules for granting citizenship have been modified and the foundations of immigration policy and policies for integrating immigrants into the host society have been developed. The subject of the article are integration courses – a basic tool of this policy.
Prädiktive Pfadfolgeregelung für die kollisionsfreie Bewegungsplanung von Robotern
Authors: Völz Andreas , Graichen Knut 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt eine modellprädiktive Pfadfolgeregelung für die Kombination mit einer kollisionsfreien Bewegungsplanung für Roboter vor. Zwei Besonderheiten sind mit diesem Anwendungsfall verbunden. Zum einen wird keine hochgenaue Pfadfolge benötigt, solange die Bewegung kollisionsfrei ist. Somit kann die Pfadfolgeregelung vom geplanten Pfad abweichen, um die Zielkonfiguration effizienter zu erreichen. Zum anderen ist eine exakte Bewegung entlang des Pfades prinzipiell möglich, so dass mit Hilfe einer Referenztrajektorie rekursive Lösbarkeit und Stabilität garantiert werden kann. Die Vorteile zeigen sich vor allem bei graphbasierten Planungsverfahren, wo die berechneten Pfade typischerweise stückweise linear sind und eine exakte Pfadfolge sehr aufwändig ist. Die Anwendung der Methodik wird in Simulationen für einen Manipulator und einen mobilen Roboter gezeigt.
On complexity reduction of the discrete-event subsystem of Flat Hybrid Automata for control design
Authors: Kleinert Tobias , Zahn Frederik , Hagenmeyer Veit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The class of hybrid systems describes most technical systems in great detail. However, the respective models and their behavior tend to be very complex. Recently, a new subclass of hybrid automata has been introduced, the Flat Hybrid Automata (FHA) that relies on the concepts of differential flatness for the continuous parts, and strongly connected automaton graphs for the discrete event part, in order to deal with the complexity from a design perspective. Therefore, we introduce in the present paper an approach to reduce the automaton graph of an FHA in a systematic way by removing edges from the adjacency matrix. The main contribution of the paper is twofold: Firstly, based on practical considerations we develop a heuristic algorithm to reduce the automaton graph. Secondly, we present possible ways to include knowledge about the system in the reduction.
Blood biochemical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Xiaoling , Liu Beibei , Li Jiahuan , Zhang Junli , Zhao Yajuan , Xu Keshu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recently, there have been several studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these studies have mainly been concentrated in Wuhan, China; the sample sizes of each article were different; and the reported clinical characteristics, especially blood biochemical indices, were quite different. This study aimed to summarize the blood biochemistry characteristics of COVID-19 patients by performing a systemic review and meta-analysis of published studies.

Methods
Comprehensive studies were screened from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through March 11, 2020. The inclusion criteria included studies investigating the biochemical indexes of patients with COVID-19. The statistical software R3.6.3 was used for meta-analysis.

Results
Ten studies including 1745 COVID-19 patients met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that 16% and 20% of patients with COVID-19 had alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels higher than the normal range, respectively. Thirty-four percent of patients showed albumin (ALB) levels lower than the normal range, and 6% of patients showed abnormal total bilirubin (TBil) levels. The levels of creatinine (CRE) were increased in 8% of patients. The creatine kinase (CK) level of 13% of patients exceeded the normal range, and 52% of patients had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. In addition, six studies met the inclusion criteria for the systemic review evaluating the relevance between LDH levels and the severity of COVID-19, and all six studies showed a positive association between these two factors.

Conclusions
Some patients with COVID-19 had different degrees of blood biochemical abnormalities, which might indicate multiple organ dysfunction. Some biochemical indexes, such as abnormal ALB and LDH, could reflect the severity of the disease to a certain extent. These blood biochemical indicators should be considered in the clinical management of the disease.
Application of Irreversible Thermodynamics to Diffusion in Solids with Internal Surfaces
Authors: Knyazeva Anna G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo types of additional variables were included in the set of state variables and were used for a thermodynamic description of diffusion in an ordinary thermodynamic system. Vacancies are included in the mass balance. Internal surfaces are massless but are characterized by some energy, which is included in the energy balance of the thermodynamic system. Fluxes of components, vacancies, and surfaces were expressed via two groups of thermodynamic constitutive equations of with cross effects. The first group follows from the Gibbs equation. These are state equations in a differential form. The second group relates generalized thermodynamic fluxes to generalized thermodynamic forces. It was shown for a binary system that only three of six transfer coefficients are independent even if the mass transfer mechanism caused by the stress gradient is taken into account.
Experimental Techniques for the Study of the Cracking Mechanisms in Drying Clays
Authors: Wei X. , Bicalho K. V. , El Hajjar A. , Taibi S. , Hattab M. , Fleureau J.-M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Desiccation cracking in drying clays is a common problem with a severe impact on the performance of clayey soils in various geotechnical engineering applications. This article highlights different methods to analyze the formation and propagation of cracks related to desiccation in clays. The research is based on an experimental study of different clays subjected to drying and a phenomenological study of cracking during free desiccation tests on thin clay layers. The approach consists, on one hand, in analyzing the characteristics of cracks with the Image-J software and, on the other hand, in determining the local two-dimensional strains and displacements fields using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. Various tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of the DIC method. Plotting the mechanical strain tensors results in a better understanding of the drying mechanisms of the studied clays. The results show that the combination of two image processing methods, associated to fracture mechanics, is a powerful tool to investigate the mechanisms of cracking in drying soils.
A New Role for Neuropeptide F Signaling in Controlling Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kannangara Jade R , Henstridge Michelle A , Parsons Linda M , Kondo Shu , Mirth Christen K , Warr Coral G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As juvenile animals grow, their behavior, physiology, and development need to be matched to environmental conditions to ensure they survive to adulthood. However, we know little about how behavior and physiology are integrated with development to achieve this outcome. Neuropeptides are prime candidates for achieving this due to their well-known signaling functions in controlling many aspects of behavior, physiology, and development in response to environmental cues. In the growing Drosophila larva, while several neuropeptides have been shown to regulate feeding behavior, and a handful to regulate growth, it is unclear if any of these play a global role in coordinating feeding behavior with developmental programs. Here, we demonstrate that Neuropeptide F Receptor (NPFR), best studied as a conserved regulator of feeding behavior from insects to mammals, also regulates development in Drosophila. Knocking down NPFR in the prothoracic gland, which produces the steroid hormone ecdysone, generates developmental delay and an extended feeding period, resulting in increased body size. We show that these effects are due to decreased ecdysone production, as these animals have reduced expression of ecdysone biosynthesis genes and lower ecdysone titers. Moreover, these phenotypes can be rescued by feeding larvae food supplemented with ecdysone. Further, we show that NPFR negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway in the prothoracic gland to achieve these effects. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NPFR signaling plays a key role in regulating animal development, and may, thus, play a global role in integrating feeding behavior and development in Drosophila.
PODER Y RESISTENCIA POPULAR
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Este número de la Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica cuyo tema central es “Resistencias populares ante el poder”, incluye artículos sobre casos concretos en Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Honduras y en sectores sociales tales como ecologistas, mujeres, campesinado e intelectuales, así como personas mayores y trabajadoras.
“HECHA LA LEY, HECHA LA TRAMPA”: AVANCES Y DESAFÍOS EN TORNO A LA NORMATIVA SOBRE EXPLOTACIÓN SEXUAL COMERCIAL EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Castillo Vargas* Andrés 
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo efectúa un recorrido por la normativa nacional e internacional vinculada al tema de explotación sexual comercial, con el objetivo de reflexionar en torno a su aplicabilidad para finalmente esbozar algunas recomendaciones que busquen mejorar la respuesta del Estado costarricense y de sus instituciones en el abordaje de esta problemática. Los hallazgos encontrados sugieren que a pesar de la existencia de leyes que protegen a las víctimas y sancionan a quienes les explotan sexualmente, el Estado costarricense aún no ha desarrollado mecanismos eficaces para trabajar con el potencial contenedor de las familias de las víctimas, crear políticas culturales de cero tolerancia y fortalecer la respuesta ante el problema en el ámbito local o comunitario.