bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of a Hospital-Based Cancer Registry in Northwest Cameroon from 2004 to 2015
Authors: Afungchwi Glenn M , Kruger Mariana , Wharin Paul D , Bardin Richard , Kouya Francine N , Hesseling Peter B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Effective cancer registration is required for the development of cancer management policies, but is often deficient in the developing world. In 2008 cancer registration was set up Banso Baptist Hospital and Mbingo Baptist Hospital in the Northwest region of Cameroon, using the Pediatric Oncology Networked Database (POND). The objective of this study was to analyze the POND registry data for patients with cancer aged 0–15 years for the period 2004–15. A total of 1029 malignancies were recorded in children 0–15 years in the study period. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1. The median age at diagnosis was 7.22 years. The most common malignancies were lymphomas followed by nephroblastoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Kaposi sarcoma. There were more Burkitt lymphomas cases between 2004 and 2009 than between 2010 and 2015, while the number of cases rose for other diagnoses like retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma. This report has demonstrated how pediatric oncology registration can be implemented, improved and sustained in a low- and middle-income country setting with limited resources. Using the data, these hospitals can improve their treatment planning and ensure the availability of essential chemotherapy for childhood cancers.
An Infant with Acute Bloody Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis: An Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad Reza , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Taherifard Erfan , Badiee Parisa , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBasidiobolomycosis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Basidiobolus ranarum, a filamentous fungus of the order Entomophthorales and the family Basidiobolaceae. This infection typically involves the skin and soft tissue; however, visceral organ involvement has also been reported. Here, we report a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a young child who presented with acute bloody diarrhea which was initially misdiagnosed as intussusception.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Various Hand Disinfectants and Ozonated Water to Human Keratinocytes in a Cultured Epidermal Model
Authors: Kashiwazaki Jun , Nakamura Kiwamu , Hara Yasuka , Harada Rie , Wada Ikuo , Kanemitsu Keiji 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cytotoxicity of various hand disinfectants and ozonated water to human keratinocytes using a cultured epidermal model.

DESIGN
Using a test protocol from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, investigators applied hand disinfectants containing either 83% ethanol, 0.2% benzalkonium chloride, 0.5% povidone-iodine, 1% chlorhexidine, 1% chlorhexidine ethanol, or ozonated water to a cultured human epidermal model. Surface morphology and histologic changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1α by keratinocytes and cell death rate.

MAIN RESULTS
Electron microscopic analysis revealed the creation of small holes on the stratum corneum, and hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed perinuclear vacuolation of keratinocytes and cells with a condensed nucleus. Interleukin 1α was detected in the culture supernatants. More than 80% of keratinocytes did not survive after a 15-minute application of disinfectants. However, no significant damage was detected with ozonated water.

CONCLUSIONS
Ozonated water did far less damage to keratinocytes than the tested disinfectants. Although the ability of ozonated water to disinfect hands of medical staff members requires further study, it might serve as an alternative with minimum cytotoxicity.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Superimposed Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Casias Michael , Ngo Linda 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, ulcerating, inflammatory disease that is often misdiagnosed as a skin and soft tissue infection. If PG is identified, it is treated with topical or systemic immunosuppressants to reduce inflammation and induce remission. However, the use of immunosuppressants has been linked to a higher risk of superimposed infections. The authors report the case of a 24-year-old female patient with bilateral lower extremity PG with a superimposed infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis after intralesional corticosteroid therapy.
Pressure Injuries in the Pediatric Population: Analysis of the 2008–2018 International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey Data
Authors: Delmore Barbara , VanGilder Catherine , Koloms Kimberly , Ayello Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Pediatric pressure injuries continue to be a worldwide healthcare problem. Studying pediatric pressure injury point prevalence may provide more insight into the problem and drive prevention strategies for at-risk pediatric patients, a truly vulnerable population. This article reports 10 years of longitudinal pediatric pressure injury prevalence data and demographics from around the world.
Hop test does not correlate with neuromuscular control during drop vertical jump test: A prognostic comparative study utilizing healthy subjects
Authors: Gulbrandsen Trevor R. , Willis Brad W. , Guess Trent M. , Gray Aaron D. , Sherman Seth L. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
A functional hop test is an established tool used to assess performance prior to return to sport. The effect of demographics, limb strength and flexibility, and neuromuscular control on hop test performance is not fully understood. Our hypothesis is that successful hop testing strongly (r>0.7) correlates with increased strength and neuromuscular control in a healthy athletic population.

Methods:
In this prospective clinical performance evaluation, 25 asymptomatic, active individuals participated. Flexibility measurements were recorded with a standard goniometer, strength measurements were recorded with a handheld dynamometer, and kinematic data were collected during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) using a 14-camera 3D markerless motion analysis system. Frontal plane knee abduction angle and hip rotation were measured during DVJ. Each participant underwent triple hop, cross hop, and timed 6-m hop tests. Pearson product moment correlation (moderate correlation: r value 0.4–0.7, strong correlation: r>0.7) analysis was used to assess the relationship between performance on hop tests and gender, body mass index, strength and flexibility, and frontal plane knee abduction angle and hip rotation on DVJ.

Results:
Hip abduction strength, external rotation strength, quadriceps and hamstring strength each had moderate correlations to the triple hop test (r values=0.52, 0.62, 0.46, 0.50, respectively) and the cross-hop test (r values=0.56, 0.65, 0.54, 0.55, respectively). Hop test performance did not strongly correlate with frontal plane projection angle and hip internal rotation.

Conclusions:
Functional hop tests correlated with strength but had weak to minimal correlation with neuromuscular control. Individuals with neuromuscular deficits may still do well on standard hop tests.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Post-exercise leg compartment pressure measurements in asymptomatic collegiate distance runners: a prospective study
Authors: Miller Timothy L. , Early Nicholas A. , Kaeding Christopher C. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is an uncommon cause of leg pain in running athletes. Post-exercise compartment pressure measurements are an invasive test that many clinicians use for making the diagnosis of CECS. We sought to determine if intracompartmental pressures in anterior leg compartments of asymptomatic collegiate distance runners meet established criteria for diagnosis of exertional compartment syndrome.

Methods:
Thirty collegiate running athletes underwent 1-minute post-exercise compartment pressure measurements of bilateral anterior leg compartments. Each was asked to run for 15 min at a moderately intense pace, and then underwent measurements performed at 1-minute postexertion with a needle manometer. Fifteen male and 15 female collegiate running athletes from age 18 to 23 yr (average 20.8 yr) underwent post-exercise compartment pressure testing of the legs.

Results:
Eleven (six men, five women) demonstrated 1-minute post-exercise compartment pressure measurements that met criteria for diagnosis of exertional compartment syndrome in at least one leg based on established criteria (>30 mmHg). Of these 11, four demonstrated positive measurements bilaterally (two men, two women). Intracompartmental pressure measurements ranged from 16 mmHg to 88 mmHg (average 27.5 mmHg). Measurements of anterior leg compartments performed at 1-minute post-exercise were indicative of exertional compartment syndrome in more than one-third of the asymptomatic running athletes tested (11/30, 36.7%).

Conclusions:
Elevated anterior leg compartment pressures were prevalent in collegiate distance runners despite a lack of symptoms. Post-exercise compartment pressure measurements should be viewed only as an indicator of exertional compartment syndrome and not relied upon as a confirmatory test.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Reconstitution of Injectable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid: Efficacy of Different Diluents and a New Accelerating Method
Authors: Chen Se-Yi , Chen Szu-Ting , Lin Jui-Yu , Lin Chuan-Yuan 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Injectable poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA) is a new collagen-stimulating filler containing PDLLA microspheres and carboxymethyl cellulose. It is available as a lyophilized powder that must be reconstituted with a diluent before administration. The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of different diluents and a new accelerating “back-and-forth” method.

Methods:
Six different diluents, sodium bicarbonate, sterile water for injection (SWFI), normal saline, lidocaine, lidocaine with epinephrine (lidocaine + E), and mannitol, were tested. The recommended “vortex” method for preparation of thin suspensions and a new back-and-forth method suitable for both thin and thick suspensions were compared. Gross and microscopic views of the prepared suspensions were examined.

Results:
Using the vortex method, only mannitol and SWFI are found to be effective reconstitution diluents for injectable PDLLA. Using the back-and-forth method, all six diluents can be used for reconstitution of injectable PDLLA. Moreover, the time needed for reconstitution of injectable PDLLA by this back-and-forth method is very short, regardless of the thickness of the suspension.

Conclusions:
Clinically, only SWFI can be used for reconstitution of injectable PDLLA by “hand-shaking” or vortex method. To accelerate the reconstitution time especially when using small amount of SWFI, back-and-forth is the method of choice. Besides, when SWFI is not available, other diluents such as normal saline, lidocaine, or lidocaine + E can be used by this novel back-and-forth reconstitution method.
Comparing Image Segmentation Techniques for Determining 3D Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Size on MRI
Authors: Boparai Ranjodh S. , Maeng Michelle M. , Dunbar Kristen E. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Tooley Andrea A. , Maher Mary , Kazim Michael 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To measure orbital cavernous hemangioma size using 3 segmentation methods requiring different degrees of subjective judgment, and to evaluate interobserver agreement using these methods.

Methods:
Fourteen patients with orbital cavernous hemangiomas were included in the study. Pretreatment T2-weighted MRIs were analyzed by 2 observers using 3 methods, including 1 user-dependent image segmentation method that required high degrees of subjective judgment (ellipsoid) and 2 parameter-dependent methods that required low degree of subjective judgment (GrowCut and k-means clustering segmentation). Interobserver agreement was assessed using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients.

Results:
Using the ellipsoid method, the average tumor sizes calculated by the 2 observers were 1.68 ml (standard deviation [SD] 1.45 ml) and 1.48 ml (SD 1.19 ml). Using the GrowCut method, the average tumor sizes calculated by the 2 observers were 3.00 ml (SD 2.46 ml) and 6.34 ml (SD 3.78 ml). Using k-means clustering segmentation, the average tumor sizes calculated by the 2 observers were 2.31 ml (SD 1.83 ml) and 2.12 ml (SD 1.87 ml). The concordance correlation coefficient for the ellipsoid, GrowCut, and k-means clustering methods were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99), 0.12 (95% CI, –0.21 to 0.44), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–0.99), respectively.

Conclusions:

k-means clustering, a parameter-dependent method with low degree of subjective judgment, showed better interobserver agreement compared with the ellipsoid and GrowCut methods. k-means clustering clearly delineated tumor boundaries and outlined components of the tumor with different signal intensities.
Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Manifestations of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: a Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Henry Roger K. , Bagg Adam , Wu Connie , Eagle Ralph C. , Milman Tatyana 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To describe a patient with orbital adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and to review the literature on presentation, diagnostics, management, and clinical course of this rare disease.

Methods:
A systematic literature review. PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched for all well-documented cases of orbital/ocular adnexal ATLL.

Results:
Sixteen patients were included in the final analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 47 years (range, 20–85), 9/16 patients (56%) were male, and patients were of Japanese (10/16, 63%), Caribbean (5/16, 31%), or African (1/16, 6%) origin. Proptosis (6/15, 40%) and visual loss (5/15, 33%) were the most common presenting signs. Involvement of adjacent structures was documented in 8 of 16 (50%) patients. All patients had evidence of systemic ATLL, which was identified concurrently with orbital/ocular adnexal disease in 9 of 15 (60%) patients. Management included multi-agent chemotherapy with steroids (9/13, 69%), antivirals (2/13, 15%), biologic agents (4/13, 31%), and umbilical cord blood transplantation (1/13, 8%). Most patients (8/12, 67%) experienced at least partial remission with disease relapse occurring in 6 of 8 patients (75%). The median survival time was 28 months (95% CI, 5.5–50.5 months).

Conclusions:
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital and ocular adnexal space-occupying lesions, particularly in male patients from endemic regions. Orbital disease is frequently locally aggressive and presents concurrently with systemic ATLL, highlighting the importance of comprehensive multimodal work-up and multidisciplinary management. Emerging targeted therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant may prolong survival.
Adult Versus Pediatric Relapse and Recurrence in Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Keen Jamie A. , Kennedy Brandon J. , Mishulin Aleksey , Winkler Kathryn , Fernandez-Ruiz Maria , Black Evan H. , Roarty John 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) is a diagnosis of exclusion that has a variable presentation and unpredictable course. Many studies report incomplete or lack of OIS resolution with high recurrence and relapse rates. No studies to date have investigated the characteristics of both recurrence and relapse in OIS. We sought to determine this in both pediatric and adult patients.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 56 patients with OIS was performed between 2004 and 2018. Forty-one patients were identified as adults greater than 18 years of age and 15 were identified as pediatric patients less than 18 years of age.

Results:
Among 56 (41 adult and 15 pediatric) cases of OIS, 18 cases of recurrent disease (32.1%) were identified and 15 (26.8%) patients experienced relapses. All 6 (100%) pediatric patients that had recurrent disease initially suffered from relapses. In contrast, only 1 of the 12 (8.3%) recurrent adult cases initially experienced relapse. Of the 18 patients with recurrent disease, 9 (50%) had multiple recurrences. Underlying etiologies were confirmed in 5 of 18 recurrent cases (27.8%) and 5 of 38 (13.2%) non-recurrent cases. Of the 5 patients with recurrent OIS and an identified etiology, all 5 (100%) demonstrated multiple recurrences.

Conclusions:
In pediatric cases, relapse was more common and prior episodes of relapse were predictive of later recurrence. Recurrence was relatively common in both groups with half of the patients having multiple recurrences. Identifiable underlying etiologies were more common in patients with recurrent OIS and those cases all demonstrated multiple recurrences.
Changes in Field of Binocular Single Vision and Ocular Deviation Angle After Balanced Orbital Decompression in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Vaidya Aric , Kakizaki Hirohiko , Takahashi Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate influential factors for changes in the binocular single vision (BSV) and ocular deviation angle in the medial direction after bilateral balanced orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 41 patients. The areas of BSV and the angles of medial ocular deviation on the Hess chart were measured. The percentages of pre- and postoperative areas against the normal area (%BSV) and the change in BSV after surgery were calculated. Postoperative change in the angle was calculated by subtraction of the preoperative angle from the postoperative one. Influential factors for the change in BSV and that in the medial deviation angle were evaluated via multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results:
The maximum cross-sectional area of the medial rectus muscle, preoperative %BSV, and preoperative medial ocular deviation angle were significant factors of change in BSV (adjusted r
2 = 0.449, p < 0.001), although age, history of anti-inflammatory treatment, volume of removed orbital fat, findings on CT images, maximum cross-sectional areas of the other rectus muscles, and presence or absence of a periosteal flap did not affect change in BSV (p > 0.050). On the contrary, all variables did not influence postoperative changes in the medial ocular deviation angle (p > 0.050).

Conclusions:
In balanced orbital decompression, the maximum cross-sectional area of medial rectus muscle, preoperative field of BSV, and medial ocular deviation were significant influential factors for postoperative changes in field of BSV.
Nicotinamide riboside relieves paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and enhances suppression of tumor growth in tumor-bearing rats
Authors: Hamity Marta V. , White Stephanie R. , Blum Christopher , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Hammond Donna L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a vitamin B3 precursor of NAD+ that blunts diabetic and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in preclinical models. This study examined whether NR also blunts the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers induced by paclitaxel, which is associated with peripheral neuropathy. The work was conducted in female rats with N-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced tumors of the mammary gland to increase its translational relevance, and to assess the interaction of NR with paclitaxel and NR's effect on tumor growth. Once daily oral administration of 200 mg/kg NR p.o. beginning with the first of 3 i.v. injections of 6.6 mg/kg paclitaxel to tumor-bearing rats significantly decreased paclitaxel-induced hypersensitivity to tactile and cool stimuli, as well as place-escape avoidance behaviors. It also blunted the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in tumor-bearing rats, as well as a separate cohort of tumor-naive rats. Unexpectedly, concomitant administration of NR during paclitaxel treatment further decreased tumor growth; thereafter, tumor growth resumed at the same rate as vehicle-treated controls. Administration of NR also decreased the percentage of Ki67-positive tumor cells in these rats. Once daily administration of NR did not seem to alter tumor growth or the percentage of Ki67-positive tumor cells in rats that were not treated with paclitaxel and followed for 3 months. These results further support the ability of NR to play a protective role after nerve injury. They also suggest that NR may not only alleviate peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving taxane chemotherapy, but also offer an added benefit by possibly enhancing its tumor-suppressing effects.
≥3 Nonadvanced Adenomas are More Common in the Era of Contemporary Colonoscopy and Not Associated With Metachronous Advanced Neoplasia
Authors: Rouphael Carol , Lopez Rocio , McMichael John , Burke Carol A. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Data from standard definition colonoscopy era demonstrate patients with an advanced adenoma (≥10 mm, villous features or high-grade dysplasia) or ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas are considered high-risk for metachronous advanced neoplasia (MAN). Low-risk adenoma (LRA) patients are those with 1 to 2, <10 mm tubular adenomas. High definition colonoscopy, split-dose bowel preparation, and attention to adenoma detection enhance diminutive adenoma detection. We compared baseline adenoma characteristics between patients undergoing colonoscopy in a historic cohort (HC) and contemporary cohort (CC) to determine if number of patients with ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas are increased in CC, and if those features are associated with MAN in CC.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing their first colonoscopy in HC (<2006) and CC (≥2006) at age 50 and above were identified through natural language processing. Multivariable regression analysis compared baseline adenoma characteristics between HC and CC, and determined the association between baseline characteristics and MAN in CC patients.

Results:
In total, 255,074 colonoscopies were performed between 1990 and 2015. A total of 9773 colonoscopies performed in the HC and 59,531 in the CC were included. At baseline, CC patients were more likely to have ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas [odds ratio (OR): 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-2.6]. In 3,377 CC patients undergoing follow-up colonoscopy, the risk of MAN did not differ between patients with LRA versus those with ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas (6.3% vs. 4.6%, OR: 1.4, CI: 0.58-3.5) including 3-4 (6.1%, OR: 1.4, CI: 0.52-3.6) and ≥5 (7.7%, OR: 1.8, CI: 0.23-14.6), although few patients had ≥5 nonadvanced adenomas.

Conclusions:
Colonoscopy in the contemporary era increases detection of patients with ≥3 nonadvanced adenomas, which do not increase the risk of MAN compared with LRA patients. A similar surveillance to LRA patients should be considered for those patients.