bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient presenting with memory impairment: Case report and literature review
Authors: Crowhurst Thomas , Koszyca Barbara , Holmes Mark , Holmes‐Liew Chien‐Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV). The disease occurs in the setting of significant immunocompromise and has now been reported in many different settings, although only very rarely after lung transplantation. The mortality rate is high and therapeutic options are limited.Case presentationWe report a case of a 66‐year‐old man who presented with non‐specific memory disturbance at 19 months after lung transplantation for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. He had required methylprednisolone for acute allograft rejection but achieved good graft function. Physical examination was unremarkable. CT revealed hypodensity in the left frontal lobe. MR demonstrated significant hyperintense white‐matter abnormalities on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, mainly focused on the periventricular region adjacent the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle. Brain biopsy confirmed PML. The patient had his immunosuppression reduced but then developed antibody‐mediated rejection four months later. Despite re‐escalation of immunosuppression, he remains neurologically stable on mirtazapine at eight months post‐diagnosis.ConclusionsThis very rare case highlights the challenges presented by PML, especially in the lung transplant population. It reveals the difficult balance between reducing immunosuppression to protect the brain versus prevention of lung allograft rejection. It clearly highlights the need for improved therapeutic modalities.
Seroprevalence of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever among three selected risk human groups in disease‐endemic region of Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Furqan , Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Ashraf Kamran , Ali Muzaffar , Yaqub Saima , Mukhtar Nadia , Zafar Khan Adnan , Tahir Zarfishan , Yaqub Tahir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans is linked with animals living in close vicinity, and information on the incidence of CCHF at the human–animal interface is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify the high‐risk groups of individuals linked with animals in the Chakwal district of Pakistan having a history of CCHF cases in humans. In subject matter, coupled with risk factor analysis, we performed a sero‐based CCHF surveillance in three selected risk groups of humans including abattoir workers (n = 137), milkmen (n = 169) and animal handlers (n = 147). Sera samples and questionnaire‐based data were collected from each of the participants and screened for anti‐CCHFV IgG antibodies using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The highest seroprevalence was observed in animal handlers (n = 14, 9.52%, 95% CI: 4.68–13.99) followed by abattoir workers (n = 9, 6.57%, 95% CI: 2.42–10.72) and milkmen (n = 3, 1.78%, 95% CI: 0.24–4.24). The risk of seropositivity was significantly associated with humans linked with tick‐infested animals (OR: 11.0, 95% CI: 1.5–83.0, p = .002), old age >40 years (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 2.7–16.0, p < .0001), illiteracy (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.5–13.0, p = .004) and humans without knowledge about CCHF (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.8–33.0, p = .0009). The findings of the current study highlighted the seroprevalence of CCHF in high‐risk groups of humans living in a disease‐endemic area of Pakistan and highlight the need for well‐integrated disease surveillance in the future to better comprehend disease control interventions.
A Novel, Contactless, Portable “Spot-Check” Device Accurately Measures Respiratory Rate
Authors: Daw William , Kingshott Ruth N. , Saatchi Reza , Burke Derek , Evans Robert , Holloway Alan , Travis Jon , Jones Anthony , Hughes Ben , Elphick Heather E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Respiratory rate (RR) is an important vital sign used in the initial and ongoing assessment of acutely ill patients. It is also used as a predictor of serious deterioration in a patient's clinical condition. Convenient electronic devices exist for measurement of pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Although devices which measure RR exist, none has entered everyday clinical practice. We have developed a contactless portable respiratory rate monitor (CPRM) and evaluated the agreement in respiratory rate measurements between existing methods and our new device. The CPRM uses thermal anemometry to measure breath signals during inspiration and expiration. RR data were collected from 52 healthy adult volunteers using respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) bands (established contact method), visual counting of chest movements (established noncontact method), and the CPRM (new method), simultaneously. Two differently shaped funnel attachments to the CPRM were evaluated for each volunteer. Data showed a good agreement between measurements from the CPRM and the gold standard RIP, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.836, mean difference 0.46 and 95% limits of agreement of −5.90 to 6.83. When separate air inlet funnels of the CPRM were analyzed, stronger agreement was seen with an elliptical air inlet; ICC 0.908, mean difference 0.37 with 95% limits of agreement −4.35 to 5.08. A contactless device for accurately and quickly measuring respiratory rate will be an important triage tool in the clinical assessment of patients. More testing is needed to explore the reasons for outlying measurements and to evaluate in the clinical setting.
Reflection of Thermoelastic Waves From the Insulated Surface of a Solid Half-Space With Time-Delay
Authors: Sarkar Nihar , De Soumen , Das Narayan , Sarkar Nantu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to study the reflection of thermoelastic plane waves from the thermally insulated stress-free boundary of a homogeneous, isotropic and thermally conducting elastic half-space. A new linear theory of generalized thermoelasticity under heat transfer with memory-dependent derivative (MDD) is employed to address this study. It has been found that three basic waves consisting of two sets of coupled longitudinal waves and one independent vertically shear-type wave may travel with distinct phase speeds. The formulae for various reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios are determined in case of an incident coupled longitudinal elastic wave at the thermally insulated stress-free boundary of the medium. The results for the reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios for various values of the angle of incidence are computed numerically and presented graphically for copper-like material and discussed.
Mobile technology intervention for weight loss in rural men: protocol for a pilot pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eisenhauer Christine M , Brito Fabiana Almeida , Yoder Aaron M , Kupzyk Kevin A , Pullen Carol H , Salinas Katherine E , Miller Jessica , Hageman Patricia A 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMen who are overweight or obese in the rural Midwestern USA are an unrepresented, at-risk group exhibiting rising rates of cardiovascular disease, poor access to preventive care and poor lifestyle behaviours that contribute to sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Self-monitoring of eating and activity has demonstrated efficacy for weight loss. Use of mobile technologies for self-monitoring eating and activity may address rural men’s access disparities to preventive health resources and support weight loss. Our pilot trial will assess the feasibility and acceptability of two mobile applications for weight loss in rural men to inform a future, full-scale trial.Methods and analysisA 6-month randomised controlled trial with contextual evaluation will randomise 80 men using a 1:1 ratio to either a Mobile Technology Plus (MT+) intervention or a basic Mobile Technology (MT) intervention in rural, midlife men (aged 40–69 years). The MT+ intervention consists of a smartphone self-monitoring application enhanced with discussion group (Lose-It premium), short message service text-based support and Wi-Fi scale. The MT group will receive only a self-monitoring application (Lose-It basic). Feasibility and acceptability will be evaluated using number of men recruited and retained, and evaluative focus group feedback. We seek to determine point estimates and variability of outcome measures of weight loss (kg and % body weight) and improved dietary and physical activity behaviours (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption surveys, data from Lose-It! application (kcal/day, steps/day)). Community capacity will be assessed using standard best practice methods. Descriptive content analysis will evaluate intervention acceptability and contextual sensitivity.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the University of Nebraska Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB# 594–17-EP). Dissemination of findings will occur through ClinicalTrials.gov and publish pilot data to inform the design of a larger clinical trial.Trial registration numberNCT03329079; preresults. Protocol V.10, study completion date 31 August 2020. Roles and responsibilities funder: NIH/NINR Health Disparities Section 1R15NR017522-01.
Live birth after in vitro maturation versus standard in vitro fertilisation for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: protocol for a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Guo Wei , Zeng Lin , Zheng Danni , Yang Shuo , Wang Lina , Wang Rui , Mol Ben W , Li Rong , Qiao Jie 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the first common cause of anovulatory infertility. Currently, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is recommended when conventional attempts have failed. In vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is an emerging treatment option in infertile women with PCOS. It is a patient-friendly intervention, avoiding the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which is a serious complication of controlled ovarian stimulation in the standard IVF procedure. We plan a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate whether IVM is non-inferior to the standard IVF for live birth in women with PCOS.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, open-label, non-inferiority RCT performed in a large reproductive medicine centre in China. Infertile women with PCOS will be randomised to receive either IVM or standard IVF in a 1:1 treatment ratio after informed consent. IVF procedures used in our study are all standard treatments and other standard-assisted reproductive technologies will be similar between the two groups. The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth within 6 months of the first oocyte retrieval cycle after randomisation. Pregnancy outcome, maternal safety and obstetric and perinatal complications will be secondary outcomes. The planned sample size is 350 (175 per group).Ethics and disseminationEthical permission was acquired from the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital. The results will be issued to publications through scientific journals and conference reports.Trial registration numberNCT03463772.
Effects of cultured dairy and nondairy products added to breakfast cereals on blood glucose control, satiation, satiety, and short-term food intake in young women
Authors: Mather Kathleen , Boachie Ruth , Anini Younes , Panahi Shirin , Anderson G. Harvey , Luhovyy Bohdan L. 
Published: April 2020

Breakfast cereals are often consumed with dairy products or nondairy alternatives; however, the effect of the combination on blood glucose and food intake control is not well investigated. In a randomized, crossover study, 24 healthy women (age: 22.7 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 22.1 ± 1.5 kg/m2) consumed, to satiation, 1 of 3 treatments: Greek yogurt with granola (150 kcal, 9.2 g protein, 2.6 g fat, 2.0 g dietary fibre, and 21.5 g available carbohydrate/100 g); cultured coconut product with granola (146 kcal, 3.2 g protein, 3.2 g fat, 5.6 g dietary fibre, and 21.9 g available carbohydrate/100 g); or water control. The data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. The 2 h blood glucose iAUC was 52% lower after the dairy compared with nondairy treatment (P < 0.0001). While there were no differences in food intake between the caloric treatments consumed to satiation, protein intake was 3 times higher and fibre intake was 4 times lower after the dairy compared with nondairy treatment. Both caloric treatments resulted in similar suppression of ad libitum food intake at 2 h (P < 0.003) and subjective appetite over 2 h (P < 0.0001) compared with water. The cumulative food intake over 2 h was lower after water (P < 0.05). The 1.8-fold increase in postprandial insulin after dairy compared with nondairy treatment may explain the reduction in blood glucose without an increase in subsequent energy intake. Novelty Blood glucose in young females is lower after a breakfast with granola in a high-protein cultured dairy than when in a high-fibre nondairy cultured product. Subjective appetite over 2 h and food intake 2 h later was similarly lower after both breakfasts but cumulative intake was higher compared with breakfast skipping.
Effect of various monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chickens
Authors: Sultana Shabiha , Hassan Md. Rakibul , Kim Byung Soo , Ryu Kyeong Seon 
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chicks. A total of 750 one-day-old chicks were used and lighting was set up as follows: pure blue (PB, 440–450 nm), bright blue (460–470 nm), sky blue (480–490 nm), greenish blue (500–510 nm), and green (530–540), while fluorescent white (400–700 nm) was used as a control. Birds were placed into 30 independent light proof pens and each light treatment was replicated five times with 25 birds in each pen. Video was recorded and behaviour was evaluated twice per day and observed five consecutive days in a week. Broiler welfare was evaluated using the characteristics of gait score, tibia dyschondroplasia, tonic immobility duration, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. In results, sitting, walking, and ground pecking behaviour were influenced by the light colour from 0 to 7 d. Extending the rearing period from 8 to 21 d resulted in increased sitting behaviour and decreased walking and pecking behaviour in chicks in the PB treatment (P < 0.05). When the growth period was extended further (22–42 d), sitting behaviour increased when chicks were exposed to PB light (P < 0.05). The effect of light colour did not significantly influence welfare of broiler chicks. Thus, the present results suggest that PB light colour decreased broiler chickens movement and thus increased duration of sitting behaviour. These results would be helpful to choose light colour for broiler producers.
Preferred-frame effects, the $$H_0$$ tension, and probes of Hořava–Lifshitz gravity
Authors: Nilsson Nils A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe discuss implications on the $$H_0$$H0 tension due to preferred-frame effects in the context of Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. By using a combination of low-redshift data (Sne1a, elliptical and lenticular galaxies, GRB’s, and quasars) we discuss the $$H_0$$H0 tension and its appearance as a preferred-frame effect, as well as present new constraints on the model parameter $$\lambda $$λ; moreover, from the structure of the Friedmann equations, we argue that up to 36% of the Hubble tension can be explained by Lorentz-violating effects in a Hořava–Lifshitz scenario, and we briefly discuss the cosmographic behaviour of this model.
Onlymobiles.com: Redefine the Pricing Strategy
Authors: Kapoor Anuj Pal , Vij Madhu 
Published: April 2020

Mr. Shrutam Desai, the 38-year-old founder of Onlymobiles.com, was always ahead of the market trend. His love for travelling exposed him to various geographies, demographics and cultures and as a result, he was always ahead of the market curve in predicting the market dynamics. Onlymobiles. com was competing with hundreds of online as well offline retailers in the mobile phones and accessories market. Onlymobiles.com, were selling mobile and smart phones of smaller ticket size and most of the orders were purchased with CoD (cash on delivery) option. While, CoD was essential for sustainable and profitable growth, it posed challenges for the business. In order to compete with the established players and, at the same time, be profitable, Desai examined the options that would help Onlymobiles.com create its niche in the market. He weighed between a change in the retail strategy or a change in the service strategy for Onlymobiles.com.
100 myr cycles of oceanic lithosphere generation in peri-Gondwana: Neoproterozoic–Devonian ophiolites from the NW African–Iberian margin of Gondwana and the Variscan Orogen
Authors: Arenas Ricardo , Sánchez Martínez Sonia , Albert Richard , Haissen Faouziya , Fernández-Suárez Javier , Pujol-Solà Núria , Andonaegui Pilar , Díez Fernández Rubén , Proenza Joaquín A. , Garcia-Casco Antonio , Gerdes Axel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The Variscan Orogen in Iberia and the Anti-Atlas Mountains in Morocco contains a set of ophiolites formed between Neoproterozoic and Devonian times, during the complex evolution of the NW African–Iberian margin of Gondwana. During this time interval, the margin evolved from an active margin (
c.
750–500 Ma: the Reguibat–Avalonian–Cadomian arc) to the final collision with Laurussia in Devonian times to form Pangaea. In this context, one of the oldest recognized ophiolites is the Bou Azzer Ophiolite from the Anti-Atlas Mountains, dated at
c.
697 Ma and containing two types of mafic rocks, the youngest of which has a boninitic composition. To the north, in the SW Iberian Massif, the Calzadilla Ophiolite contains mafic rocks also of boninitic composition dated at
c.
598 Ma. Farther north, in the NW Iberian Massif, the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite is formed by a thick sequence of mafic rocks with an arc tholeiitic composition and minor alternations of tonalitic orthogneisses dated at
c.
497 Ma. In the same region, the Bazar Ophiolite has a similar age of
c.
495 Ma. Also in NW Iberia, there is a group of ophiolites with varied lithologies and dominant mafic rocks with arc tholeiitic composition (Careón, Purrido and Moeche ophiolites) dated at
c.
395 Ma. The composition of all these peri-Gondwanan ophiolites is of supra-subduction zone type, showing no evidence of preserved mid-ocean ridge basalt type oceanic lithosphere. Consequently, these ophiolites were generated in the peri-Gondwanan realm during the opening of forearc or back-arc basins. Forearc oceanic lithosphere was promptly obducted or accreted to the volcanic arc, but the oceanic or transitional lithosphere generated in back-arc settings was preserved until the assembly of Pangaea. Based on the ages of the described ophiolites, the peri-Gondwanan realm has been a domain where the generation of oceanic or transitional lithosphere seems to have occurred at intervals of
c.
100 myr. These regularly spaced time intervals may indicate cyclic events of mantle upwelling in the peri-Gondwanan mid-ocean ridges, with associated higher subduction rates at the peri-Gondwanan trenches and concomitant higher rates of partial melting in the mantle wedges involved. The origin of the apparent cyclicity for mantle upwelling in the peri-Gondwanan ocean ridges is unclear, but it could have possibly been related to episodic deep mantle convection. Cycles of more active deep mantle convection can explain episodic mantle upwelling, the transition from low- to fast-spreading type mid-ocean ridges and, finally, the dynamic context for the episodic generation of new supra-subduction zone type oceanic peri-Gondwanan lithosphere.
Loss of BAP1 Leads to More YAPing in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is increasing in incidence and is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by the year 2030. Understanding molecular pathways that contribute to pancreatic cancer initiation and progression provides the opportunity to uncover potential molecular vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. In this issue of Cancer Research, Lee and colleagues provide compelling evidence that BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1) functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer by promoting the activity of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, highlighting YAP and TAZ, Hippo effectors, as attractive therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in BAP1-deficient or low tumors.See related article by Lee et al., p. 1656
Dual Relief of T-lymphocyte Proliferation and Effector Function Underlies Response to PD-1 Blockade in Epithelial Malignancies
Authors: Balança Camille-Charlotte , Scarlata Clara-Maria , Michelas Marie , Devaud Christel , Sarradin Victor , Franchet Camille , Martinez Gomez Carlos , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Tosolini Marie , Heaugwane Diana , Lauzéral-Vizcaino Françoise , Mir-Mesnier Lucile , Féliu Virginie , Valle Carine , Pont Frédéric , Ferron Gwénaël , Gladieff Laurence , Motton Stéphanie , Tanguy Le Gac Yann , Dupret-Bories Agnès , Sarini Jérôme , Vairel Benjamin , Illac Claire , Siegfried-Vergnon Aurore , Mery Eliane , Fournié Jean-Jacques , Vergez Sébastien , Delord Jean-Pierre , Rochaix Philippe , Martinez Alejandra , Ayyoub Maha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although understanding of T-cell exhaustion is widely based on mouse models, its analysis in patients with cancer could provide clues indicating tumor sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Data suggest a role for costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28, in exhausted T-cell responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional approaches to dissect the relation between CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, CD28 costimulation, and tumor specificity in head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. We found that memory tumor–specific CD8+ T cells, but not bystander cells, sequentially express immune checkpoints once they infiltrate tumors, leading, in situ, to a functionally exhausted population. Exhausted T cells were nonetheless endowed with effector and tumor residency potential but exhibited loss of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in comparison with their circulating memory counterparts. Accordingly, PD-1 inhibition improved proliferation of circulating tumor–specific CD8+ T cells and reversed functional exhaustion of specific T cells at tumor sites. In agreement with their tumor specificity, high infiltration of tumors by exhausted cells was predictive of response to therapy and survival in ICB-treated patients with head and neck cancer. Our results showed that PD-1 blockade–mediated proliferation/reinvigoration of circulating memory T cells and local reversion of exhaustion occur concurrently to control tumors.