bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the cryptic spread of the 2015–2016 global Zika virus epidemic
Authors: Sun Haoyang , Dickens Borame L. , Jit Mark , Cook Alex R. , Carrasco L. Roman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global epidemic in 2015–2016 from Latin America with its true geographical extent remaining unclear due to widely presumed underreporting. The identification of locations with potential and unknown spread of ZIKV is a key yet understudied component for outbreak preparedness. Here, we aim to identify locations at a high risk of cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016 to further the understanding of the global ZIKV epidemiology, which is critical for the mitigation of the risk of future epidemics.MethodsWe developed an importation simulation model to estimate the weekly number of ZIKV infections imported in each susceptible spatial unit (i.e. location that did not report any autochthonous Zika cases during 2015–2016), integrating epidemiological, demographic, and travel data as model inputs. Thereafter, a global risk model was applied to estimate the weekly ZIKV transmissibility during 2015–2016 for each location. Finally, we assessed the risk of onward ZIKV spread following importation in each susceptible spatial unit to identify locations with a high potential for cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016.ResultsWe have found 24 susceptible spatial units that were likely to have experienced cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016, of which 10 continue to have a high risk estimate within a highly conservative scenario, namely, Luanda in Angola, Banten in Indonesia, Maharashtra in India, Lagos in Nigeria, Taiwan and Guangdong in China, Dakar in Senegal, Maputo in Mozambique, Kinshasa in Congo DRC, and Pool in Congo. Notably, among the 24 susceptible spatial units identified, some have reported their first ZIKV outbreaks since 2017, thus adding to the credibility of our results (derived using 2015–2016 data only).ConclusionOur study has provided valuable insights into the potentially high-risk locations for cryptic ZIKV circulation during the 2015–2016 pandemic and has also laid a foundation for future studies that attempt to further narrow this key knowledge gap. Our modelling framework can be adapted to identify areas with likely unknown spread of other emerging vector-borne diseases, which has important implications for public health readiness especially in resource-limited settings.
Investigation of DDT resistance mechanisms in Anopheles funestus populations from northern and southern Benin reveals a key role of the GSTe2 gene
Authors: Tchigossou Genevieve M. , Atoyebi Seun M. , Akoton Romaric , Tossou Eric , Innocent Djegbe , Riveron Jacob , Irving Helen , Yessoufou Akadiri , Wondji Charles , Djouaka Rousseau 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquito, such asAnopheles funestus,is an important step in developing strategies to mitigate the resistance problem. This study aims to assess the role of theGSTe2gene in DDT resistance and determine the genetic diversity of this gene inAn. funestus.MethodsGene expression analysis was performed using microarrays and PCR while the potential mutation associated with resistance was determined using sequencing.ResultsLow expression level ofGSTe2gene was recorded in Burkina-Faso samples with a fold change of 3.3 while high expression (FC 35.6) was recorded in southern Benin in Pahou (FC 35.6) and Kpome (FC 13.3). The sequencing ofGSTe2gene in six localities showed that L119F-GSTe2mutation is almost getting fixed in highly DDT-resistant Benin (Pahou, Kpome, Doukonta) and Nigeria (Akaka Remo) mosquitoes with a low mutation rate observed in Tanongou (Benin) and Burkina-Faso mosquitoes.ConclusionThis study shows the key role of theGSTe2gene in DDT resistantAn. funestusin Benin. Polymorphism analysis of this gene across Benin revealed possible barriers to gene flow, which could impact the design and implementation of resistance management strategies in the country.
Cesarean birth in the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research: trends in utilization, risk factors, and subgroups with high cesarean birth rates
Authors: Harrison Margo S. , Garces Ana L. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Saleem Sarah , Moore Janet L. , Esamai Fabian , Patel Archana B. , Chomba Elwyn , Bose Carl L. , Liechty Edward A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Derman Richard J. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Tshefu Antoinette , Koso-Thomas Marion , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The objectives of this analysis were to document trends in and risk factors associated with the cesarean birth rate in low- and middle-income country sites participating in the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research (Global Network).

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, population-based study of home and facility births conducted in the Global Network sites.

Results
Cesarean birth rates increased uniformly across all sites between 2010 and 2018. Across all sites in multivariable analyses, women younger than age twenty had a reduced risk of cesarean birth (RR 0.9 [0.9, 0.9]) and women over 35 had an increased risk of cesarean birth (RR 1.1 [1.1, 1.1]) compared to women aged 20 to 35. Compared to women with a parity of three or more, less parous women had an increased risk of cesarean (RR 1.2 or greater [1.2, 1.4]). Four or more antenatal visits (RR 1.2 [1.2, 1.3]), multiple pregnancy (RR 1.3 [1.3, 1.4]), abnormal progress in labor (RR 1.1 [1.0, 1.1]), antepartum hemorrhage (RR 2.3 [2.0, 2.7]), and hypertensive disease (RR 1.6 [1.5, 1.7]) were all associated with an increased risk of cesarean birth, p < 0.001. For multiparous women with a history of prior cesarean birth, rates of vaginal birth after cesarean were about 20% in the Latin American and Southeast Asian sites and about 84% at the sub-Saharan African sites. In the African sites, proportions of cesarean birth in the study were highest among women without a prior cesarean and a single, cephalic, term pregnancy. In the non-African sites, groups with the greatest proportion of cesarean births were nulliparous women with a single, cephalic, term pregnancy and all multiparous women with at least one previous uterine scar with a term, cephalic pregnancy.

Conclusion
Cesarean birth rates continue to rise within the Global Network. The proportions of cesarean birth are higher among women with no history of cesarean birth in the African sites and among women with primary elective cesarean, primary cesarean after induction, and repeat cesarean in the non-African sites.
Addressing the relationship between perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection and emergence of burnout symptoms in a sample of Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelghani Mohamed , El-Gohary Hayam M. , Fouad Eman , Hassan Mervat S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic are working under relentless stress. This study aimed to identify the impact of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection on the quality of life and the emergence of burnout syndrome among physicians in Egypt during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 10th and June 9th, 2020, and included 320 Egyptian physicians who were working during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were interviewed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) for assessment of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection, associated anxiety and depressive symptoms, burnout symptoms, and quality of life, respectively.

Results
Overall, most physicians were females (63%). Ideas about death, moderate-to-severe anxiety, and depressive symptoms were reported by 11, 28, and 29% of physicians, respectively. For burnout symptoms, high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment were reported by 20, 71, and 39% of physicians, respectively. The perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and burnout emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization symptoms, and negatively correlated with personal accomplishment and all quality of life domains.

Conclusions
Egyptian physicians experienced higher levels of COVID-19-related fears, anxiety, and depressive and burnout symptoms. There was a robust correlation between these perceived fears, and higher burnout symptoms, and poor quality of life among physicians. Specific interventions should be tailored to minimize the physical and mental burdens on the physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A randomised controlled study of face-to-face versus internet-based teaching of CBT skills for healthcare professionals in Sudan
Authors: Ismail Ahmed , Rakovshik Sarah , Abdelrahim Sarah 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA need has been identified for affordable and scalable methods for disseminating cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to countries with barriers to traditional methods of teaching.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of internet-based teaching versus face-to-face teaching in improving the CBT theory, assessment, and formulation skills of a group of mental health practitioners in Khartoum, Sudan.MethodParticipants (N = 36) were randomly assigned to (a) a 3 h live lecture, or (b) a computer-based multimedia recorded lecture of the same duration. Participants were rated before and after training for their ability to assess a simulated patient and construct a CBT formulation of the presenting difficulties. Participants also rated the feasibility and acceptability of the training they had received.ResultsBoth teaching methods resulted in significant improvements in participants’ abilities to carry out the assessment and formulation tasks. However, participants allocated to computer-based teaching performed better than those allocated to live teaching (between-groups effect size d = 0.26–0.74). Both teaching methods were rated as highly acceptable and feasible by participants.ConclusionsComputer-based teaching could offer a cheaper and effective method to help disseminate CBT to countries with limited resources and expertise, replacing and supplementing other costly traditional methods such as face-to-face teaching.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics with environmental feedback: Cooperation in a changing world
Authors: Wang Xin , Fu Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Eco-evolutionary game dynamics which characterizes the mutual interactions and the coupled evolutions of strategies and environments has been of growing interest in very recent years. Since such feedback loops widely exist in a range of coevolutionary systems, such as microbial systems, social-ecological systems and psychological-economic systems, recent modeling frameworks that unveil the oscillating dynamics of social dilemmas have great potential for practical applications. In this perspective paper, we overview the latest progress of evolutionary game theory in this direction. We describe both mathematical methods and interdisciplinary applications across different fields. The ideas worthy of further consideration are discussed in prospects, with the central role of promoting cooperations in a changing world.
Planning, development, monitoring and evaluation of the Academia da Cidade do Recife action plan during COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Danyelle de Cássia Ribeiro de , Holmes Tatiana Martins Ferraz , Lemos Emmanuelly Correia de , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Pajeú Raquel Bezerra , Oliveira Gledson da Silva , Souza Luiz Eduardo Nunes de , Santos Renan Wallacy Yvson dos , Silva Charles Barbosa Gomes da , Silva Marcílio Paulo da , Campos Gabriela Maranhão Câmara , Silva Ricardo Augusto Menezes da 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to describe the Programa Academia da Cidade do Recife (PAC-REC) action plan during the social isolation requirement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As temporary measures to confront the COVID-19, the City of Recife has published a contingency plan, which suspended the non-essential services, including the presential operations of PAC-REC. Considering the program's commitment to the Unified Health System and to the Primary Health Care the PAC's board committee developed an action plan, restructuring its potential through the reorganization of remote activities to be offered to their users. The action plan has six stages encompassing planning (first and second), development (third and fourth), monitoring and evaluation (fifth and sixth). Despite the changes in the epidemiological scenario and the format of actions, the PAC-REC is maintaining its Health Promotion actions throughout its territory.
The Optimality of Call Provision Terms
Authors: Powers Eric 
Published: December 2020

There is substantial variation in fixed-price call provision terms—call price premium and call protection. I investigate determinants of call price, call protection, and estimated call option value. Consistent with agency theory and asymmetric information models, I find that lower credit quality and opaque issuers choose higher call premiums, longer call protection, and overall less valuable call options. Higher-quality issuers, particularly financial institutions that struggle when interest rates are low, do the opposite. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Psychometric analysis of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument
Authors: Minton Mary E , Isaacson Mary J , Da Rosa Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Background:Nurses must be comfortable facilitating palliative and end-of-life communication with patients and their families.Aim:A validated instrument measuring the comfort of nurses with conducting end-of-life communication is essential for meeting the goals and wishes of patient care. This study aimed to develop and conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument.Methods:Face, content, and construct validity, including test-retest reliability, were conducted.Results:Four experts subjectively confirmed face content validity and the quantitative item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1 and scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. Principal axis factoring with Promax rotation yielded a five-factor solution accounting for 66.2% of the variance. The items loading on the five factors ranged from 0.46–0.96 (factor 1), 0.67–0.93 (factor 2), 0.49–0.86 (factor 3), 0.68–0.79 (factor 4), and 0.24–0.96 (factor 5). Internal consistency reliability (coefficient a) was 0.90 for the total C-COPE, and above 0.75 for each factor. The five factors are ‘cultural/spiritual considerations,’ ‘team considerations,’ ‘addressing decision-making,’ ‘addressing symptomatology,’ and ‘deliberate awareness.’ Test-retest reliability yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 (CI 95%, 0.82–0.91).Conclusions:The C-COPE is a reliable and valid instrument measuring nurse comfort with palliative and end of-life care communication, yet requires testing in more diverse samples.
Development platform for artificial pancreas algorithms
Authors: Smaoui Mohamed Raef , Rabasa-Lhoret Remi , Haidar Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

Background and aims
Assessing algorithms of artificial pancreas systems is critical in developing automated and fault-tolerant solutions that work outside clinical settings. The development and evaluation of algorithms can be facilitated with a platform that conducts virtual clinical trials. We present in this paper a clinically validated cloud-based distributed platform that supports the development and comprehensive testing of single and dual-hormone algorithms for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods
The platform is built on principles of object-oriented design and runs user algorithms in real-time virtual clinical trials utilizing a multi-threaded environment enabled by concurrent execution over a cloud infrastructure. The platform architecture isolates user algorithms located on personal machines from proprietary patient data running on the cloud. Users import a plugin into their algorithms (Matlab, Python, or Java) to connect to the platform. Once connected, users interact with a graphical interface to design experimental protocols for their trials. Protocols include trial duration in days, mealtimes and amounts, variability in mealtimes and amounts, carbohydrate counting errors, snacks, and onboard insulin levels.

Results
The platform facilitates development by solving the ODE model in the cloud on large CPU-optimized machines, providing a 62% improvement in memory, speed and CPU utilization. Users can easily debug & modify code, test multiple strategies, and generate detailed clinical performance reports. We validated and integrated into the platform a glucoregulatory system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) parameterized with clinical data to mimic the inter and intra-day variability of glucose responses of 15 T1DM patients.

Conclusion
The platform utilizes the validated patient model to conduct virtual clinical trials for the rapid development and testing of closed-loop algorithms for T1DM.
DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A systematic review
Authors: Danstrup Christian Sander , Marcussen Mette , Pedersen Inge Søkilde , Jacobsen Henrik , Dybkær Karen , Gaihede Michael 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often diagnosed in advanced stages. In search of new diagnostic tools, focus has shifted towards the biological properties of the HNSCC, and the number of different biomarkers under investigation is rapidly growing.ObjectivesThe objective was to review the current literature regarding aberrantly methylated DNA found in peripheral blood plasma or serum in patients with HNSCC and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these changes.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were clinical studies involving patients with verified HNSCC that reported findings of aberrantly methylated DNA in peripheral blood serum or plasma. We systematically searched PubMed, OVID Embase and Cochrane Library. In addition to the search, we performed forward and backward chaining in references and Web of Science. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42019135406. Two authors independently extracted data. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool.ResultsA total of 1,743 studies were found eligible for screening, while ultimately seven studies were included. All studies were found to have methodological weaknesses, mainly concerning patient selection bias. The best individual marker of HNSCC was Septin 9 in plasma with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95%.ConclusionsNone of the aberrantly methylated genes found in the retrieved studies are applicable as single diagnostic markers for HNSCC and the best gene-panels still lack diagnostic accuracy. Future studies may benefit from newer sequencing techniques but validation studies with well-designed cohorts are also needed in the process of developing epigenetic based diagnostic tests for HNSCC.
Public and Private Realms of the Administrative Justice System
Authors: Ng Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Applicants who need urgent housing assistance from local government in England hope to gain the benefit for which they have applied. Should they fail to secure assistance or actual temporary accommodation, effective dispute processes would need to be in place within the administrative justice system. Yet, what would effective dispute management mechanisms look like to homeless applicants who might be experiencing ‘applicant fatigue’? This article examines the situation of the homeless applicant, aspects of whose private life is being processed by a public administrative and legal system, and considers the measures that need to be in place for homeless applicants to be able to access the full benefits of the non-legal and legal mechanisms.
Keywords: homelessness; complaints; reviews; applicant fatigue; applicant–administrator relationship
The Post Office Horizon IT scandal and the presumption of the dependability of computer evidence
Authors: Christie James 
Published: December 2020

The Post Office Horizon scandal attracted my interest because of my extensive experience in IT audit and software testing. I have worked on fraud investigations, and also on developing and testing complex financial systems. The Horizon case covered many issues of which I have experience. I was dismayed at the Post Office’s poor control over their systems and their unprofessional conduct in investigations. However, the presumption of computer dependability, which both they, and the courts, relied upon to secure convictions, truly shocked me. All of my experience has taught me that this presumption is naïve and unjustifiable. This is a personal response to the Post Office Horizon scandal.
Index words: Post Office Horizon scandal; fraud investigations; poor control; presumption of computer dependability
Recommendations for the probity of computer evidence
Authors: Marshall Paul , Christie James , Ladkin Peter Bernard , Littlewood Bev , Mason Stephen , Newby Martin , Rogers Jonathan , Thimbleby Harold , Thomas CBE Martyn 
Published: December 2020

There exists widespread misunderstanding about the nature of computers and how and why they are liable to fail. The present approach to the disclosure or discovery and evaluation of evidence produced by computers in legal proceedings is unsatisfactory. The central problem is the evidential presumption that computers are reliable. This presumption is not warranted. To this end, recommendations are proposed to rectify this problem with the aim of increasing the probability of a fair trial.
Index words: electronic evidence; computer systems; disclosure; discovery; recommendations for judges; fairness of legal proceedings
NATUREZA E NUANCES CARTESIANAS NA BUSCA POR UM CONCEITO DE CERRADO: NOTAS PRELIMINARES
Authors: Verde Giuliana Vila , Safadi Sandro de Oliveira 
Published: December 2020

A presente empreita investigativa possui o intuito de verificar a presença de traços dos preceitos cartesianos contidos na obra “O discurso do Método” em meio a busca por caracterizar/interpretar a natureza contida no Cerrado. Neste sentido, ao escolhermos o Cerrado como expressão desta natureza; fizemos a partir da intenção de deslindar diversos modos de concebê-lo, para buscar as nuances entre as interpretações das ciências humanas e das ciências naturais, mais especificamente a biologia/botânica, a geografia e a antropologia. Evidenciou-se a proximidade com a ideia de savana no primeiro momento, a partir da contribuição dos viajantes europeus, Carl Friedrich Phillip von Martius (1794-1886) e Johan Albert Constantin Löfgren (1854-1918). No segundo momento realiza-se um sobrevoo sobre os conceitos de domínio morfoclimático do geógrafo Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber, passando pela ideia de sistema biogeográfico do antropólogo Altair Sales Barbosa; e chegando à noção de bioma com a perspectiva de Leopoldo Magno Coutinho. Ao final, observa-se que, ainda que se tenham divergências entre as classificações/denominações, permanecem traços evidentes dos preceitos cartesianos na forma de compreensão da natureza expressa no tratamento dado ao Cerrado.