bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paul and Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Marchal Joseph A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter asks the question: What is the relationship between Pauline studies and postcolonial studies? At first glance, it might appear that there is not much of a relationship at all between the two. But expanding the notion of postcolonial approaches shows there has in fact been plenty of work—though of a rather particular kind—on Paul and empire. Thus, depending upon how one classifies and maps postcolonial studies, Pauline interpreters could be cast as relative latecomers, or as having been involved all along, even before the recent vogue for anti-imperial readings. But this chapter also demonstrates an additional layer of complication to this mapping, particularly if one is attempting to grapple with the complex intersections and embodiments of imperial and colonial formations, the sorts of factors that might be characterizing the current, ‘third moment’ space in postcolonial theory. Thus, while there are all sorts of precursors and resources for counter-kyriarchal analyses and uses of Pauline epistles (particularly among feminist and race-critical scholars), it would seem justifiable to argue that these do not yet characterize the landscape of postcolonial approaches to these epistles and interpretations.
Celtic
Authors: Eska Joseph F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Greek and Roman ethnographic writers provide information about the bardic poets of Cisalpine Gaul and Transalpine Gaul, as well as the character of their poetry. Among the fragmentary epigraphic records of the Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Celtic languages, furthermore, a number have been claimed to display poetic features such as alliteration, rhyme, and non-standard word order. The poetic features of two inscriptions whose status as poems can hardly be doubted are discussed.
History of Functional Brain Imaging
Authors: Cole Michael A. , Sozda Christopher N. , D’Esposito Mark 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Modern functional neuroimaging techniques can be dated to the 1960s, although humans have been trying to understand the functional organization of the brain for millennia. Precursors of modern techniques were quite crude and date roughly to the 19th century. Rapid technological advances during the end of the 20th century provided researchers with tools capable of measuring hemodynamic activity within the brain, such as changes in blood flow and metabolism, and these techniques quickly became core methodological approaches in the disciplines of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Notably, clinicians and researchers were significantly aided in their ability to examine diffuse neural networks underlying complex cognitive functions such as working memory, learning, and attention in normal subjects and patient populations. Although the clinical application of functional neuroimaging methodologies have been limited to date, research in this area is rapidly growing and empirical support exists for effective use of techniques such as fMRI and PET, for instance, in presurgical mapping and early detection of Alzheimer’s disease.
Evaluation of Complications in Postpartum Women Receiving Therapeutic Anticoagulation
Authors: Côté-Poirier Gabrielle , Bettache Nazila , Côté Anne-Marie , Mahone Michèle , Morin Francine , Cumyn Annabelle , Bureau Yves-André , Malick Mandy , Sauvé Nadine 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate complications associated with early postpartum therapeutic anticoagulation.

METHODS:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was done to evaluate the association between therapeutic anticoagulation postpartum and major complications (hemorrhagic and wound complications). Secondary outcomes included minor complications, risk factors associated with total complications (including the time to therapeutic anticoagulation resumption after delivery) and recurrent thrombotic events within 6 weeks postpartum.

RESULTS:
From 2003 to 2015, 232 consecutive women were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation within 96 hours postpartum; among those treated, 91 received unfractionated heparin, 138 received low-molecular-weight heparin, and three received other anticoagulants. The primary outcome, a composite of major hemorrhagic complications (requiring transfusion, hospitalization, volume resuscitation, transfer to intensive care unit, or surgery) and major wound complications, occurred in 7 of 83 (8.4%) for cesarean deliveries and 9 of 149 (6.0%) for vaginal deliveries (P=.490). Total complications (including major and minor hemorrhagic and wound complications) occurred in 13 of 83 (15.7%) for cesarean deliveries compared with 9 of 149 (6.0%) for vaginal deliveries (P=.016). When comparing cases associated with and without complications, the median delay before resuming anticoagulation was significantly shorter for both cesarean (12 vs 33 hours, P=.033) and vaginal deliveries (6 vs 19 hours, P=.006). For vaginal deliveries, 8 of 51 (15.7%) women had complications when anticoagulation was started before 9.25 hours postpartum, compared with 1 of 98 (1.0%) when started after 9.25 hours. For cesarean deliveries, 7 of 21 (33.3%) of women experienced complications compared with 6 of 62 (9.7%) if anticoagulation was started before or after 15.1 hours, respectively. Two (0.9%) episodes of venous thromboembolism occurred within 6 weeks postpartum.

CONCLUSION:
Among postpartum women who received early therapeutic anticoagulation, major complications occurred in 8.4% for cesarean deliveries and 6.0% for vaginal deliveries. Complications were associated with earlier resumption of therapeutic anticoagulation, particularly before 9.25 hours for vaginal deliveries and before 15.1 hours for cesarean deliveries.
Resident and Program Director Confidence in Resident Surgical Preparedness in Obstetrics and Gynecologic Training Programs
Authors: Banks Erika , Gressel Gregory M. , George Karen , Woodland Mark B. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To assess self-reported readiness of U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residents to perform surgical procedures compared with the perceptions of their program directors.

METHODS:
The 2019 Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology Survey assessed resident self-confidence and perceived readiness to independently perform common surgical procedures. Concurrently, obstetrics and gynecology residency program directors were surveyed about the readiness of their graduating residents to independently perform the same procedures.

RESULTS:
The overall response rate was 99.3% for residents (5,473/5,514 examinees attempted to complete the survey) and 83% for program directors (241/292 returned surveys). There were no significant differences in graduating residents and program directors' assessments of graduating residents' surgical confidence in performing cesarean delivery (99.6% [95% CI 98.9–99.9] vs 100% [95% CI 98.2–100.0]), vacuum delivery (96.5% [95% CI 95.2–97.4] vs 98.6% [95% CI 95.9–99.7]), abdominal hysterectomy (95.1% [95% CI 93.6–96.2] vs 96.7% [95% CI 93.3–98.7]) or operative hysteroscopy (99.5% [95% CI 98.9–99.9] vs 100% [95% CI 98.2–100.0]). Ninety percent, 86%, and 69% of graduating residents felt that they could independently perform an abdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic hysterectomy, and vaginal hysterectomy, respectively, in the event of an emergency. Ninety-seven percent (95% CI 93.3–98.7) of program directors reported their residents could perform a laparoscopic hysterectomy by graduation, as did 93% of graduating resident respondents (95% CI 90.8–94.0). Ninety percent (95% CI 85.3–93.8) of program directors felt their residents could perform vaginal hysterectomies by graduation, compared with 79% (95% CI 76.9–81.8) of fourth-year residents.

CONCLUSION:
Graduating obstetrics and gynecology residents and their program directors are confident in their abilities to perform the majority of core surgical procedures by graduation. By the second year, more than 90% of residents and their program directors were confident in their ability to perform cesarean deliveries and operative hysteroscopy. Sixty-nine percent and 86% of graduating residents felt comfortable performing vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomies, respectively.
Mitotically Active Nevus and Nevoid Melanoma: A Clinicopathological and Molecular Study
Authors: Mesbah Ardakani Nima , Singh Shalinder , Thomas Carla , Van Vliet Chris , Harvey Nathan Tobias , Calonje Jaime Eduardo , Wood Benjamin Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
The distinction between nevoid melanoma and a mitotically active nevus can be challenging at the microscopic level. In this study, we performed cytogenetic testing on a cohort of 25 mitotically active melanocytic proliferations resembling common melanocytic nevus from 25 patients. Based on cytogenetic findings, the lesions were classified as “nevoid melanoma” (n = 13) or “mitotically active nevus” (n = 12). Subsequently, we compared the clinicopathological features between these 2 groups. Nevoid melanomas occurred in older patients (P = 0.007); however, there were no significant differences in gender, size, or anatomical distribution between the 2 groups. Histologically, deep/marginal mitoses (P = 0.006), lack of maturation with depth (P = 0.036), and pseudo-maturation (P = 0.006) were significantly more common in nevoid melanomas. Immunohistochemically, complete loss of p16 was an important divisive feature (P = 0.0004), seen in 70% of nevoid melanomas, and highly correlated with loss of CDKN2A gene (chromosome 9p21). Our findings suggest that such reproducible immunomorphological differences can be of value in distinguishing nevoid melanoma from mitotically active nevus. Nevoid melanomas demonstrated a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations similar to those seen in common subtypes of melanoma, which can serve as a powerful adjunct diagnostic tool in morphologically challenging lesions.
Evaluation of Burnout and Work-Life in Surgical Trauma Acute Care Units
Authors: Bethea Audis , Samanta Damayanti 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Stressors unique to trauma patients may potentiate burnout in the trauma care team. Among health care workers, nurses historically demonstrate high rates of burnout and are often the first caregivers in which patients interact. There is limited research, however, investigating burnout in trauma nurses. This study aims to evaluate levels of burnout and perceptions of work-life in nurses and ancillary staff at a Level 1 trauma center.

Methods:
An anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey was administered utilizing the Maslach Burnout Toolkit to investigate levels of burnout and work-life. Supplemental questions developed by investigators were included to gather additional details about the work environment.

Results:
A total of 126 trauma staff completed the survey yielding a response rate of 73%. Trauma staff exhibited low degrees of emotional exhaustion (M = 2.53, SD = 1.29) and depersonalization (M = 1.83, SD = 1.33). Staff with 4 to less than 9 years of tenure at the study institution experienced these emotions at the highest level. Overall, staff cited documentation requirements and patient-to-staff ratios as prominent concerns with their work-life. There were significant negative associations between manageable workload with emotional exhaustion (r = −0.68) and depersonalization (r = −0.56).

Conclusions:
Overall, low degrees of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were exhibited, but significant increases were noted in staff with increasing tenure. These findings suggest that cited aspects of work-life may impact the development of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization over time. Pilot interventions are underway to identify an acuity-adjusted staffing process and a user-friendly electronic documentation platform to improve the institution's work environment.
Activation of Guinea Pig Irregular Semicircular Canal Afferents by 100 Hz Vibration: Clinical Implications for Vibration-induced Nystagmus and Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Dlugaiczyk Julia , Burgess Ann M. , Curthoys Ian S. 
Published: July 2020

Hypothesis:
Bone-conducted vibration (BCV) at 100 Hz causes endolymph displacement at hair cell stereocilia in semicircular canal (SCC) ducts of the intact bony labyrinth resulting in activation of irregularly discharging afferent neurons.

Background:
Suprathreshold 100 Hz BCV is employed in the clinic to evoke skull vibration-induced nystagmus, an indicator for peripheral vestibular asymmetry. Recently, this stimulus has also been used in vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, a selective test for otolithic function.

Methods:
We performed extracellular recordings from utricular and SCC afferents in guinea pigs during application of suprathreshold BCV stimuli (100–500 Hz) to the animal's skull. Vibration was administered in a way that the animal, the vibrator, and the recording electrode moved as one.

Results:
In summary, 19 of 43 recorded SCC afferents displayed a stimulus- and phase-locked increase in firing during stimulation at 100 Hz BCV with no perstimulatory adaptation and no poststimulatory silencing. All of the 19 activated SCC afferents had an irregular resting discharge. Neuronal activation of SCC afferents was less pronounced at 200 Hz and largely absent at 500 Hz. On the contrary, a stimulus- and phase-locked increase in firing was observed for irregularly discharging utricular neurons at all frequencies tested.

Conclusions:
At intensities usually applied in the clinic, 500 Hz BCV is a largely selective otolithic stimulus, while 100 Hz BCV can activate both otolith and SCC afferents. Therefore, while 100 Hz BCV is ideally suited for evoking skull vibration-induced nystagmus in peripheral vestibular asymmetry, it is not recommended for vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, as it lacks otolithic specificity.
Efficacy of high-dissolution turmeric-sesame formulation for pain relief in adult subjects with acute musculoskeletal pain compared to acetaminophen
Authors: Rudrappa Girish H. , Chakravarthi Pruthvi T. , Benny Irin Rosanna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter for pain relief. Management of acute pain with plant-based nutrients has remained suboptimal due to an absence of data supporting acute relief of pain. In the present study, it was hypothesized that high-dissolution liquid treatment of black sesame extract oil, Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata may provide pain relief in people with acute musculoskeletal pain as quickly as acetaminophen.

Methods:
In this randomized active controlled open label study, 88 healthy subjects with acute musculoskeletal pain were randomized to receive treatment capsule (Rhuleave-K; 1,000 mg/d) or 1,000 mg/d acetaminophen for 7 days. Change in pain intensity and pain relief at first 6 hours, 3 days, and 7 days were measured. The onset of analgesia was measured by perceptible pain relief and meaningful pain relief. Other measures were McGill Pain Questionnaire and Patient Global Impression Change.

Results:
The treatment formulation resulted in average magnitude of pain relief comparable to the acetaminophen. Sixty-six percent of subjects in the treatment group reported positive response in pain relief (≥50% max TOTPAR; total pain relief) after 6 hours, compared to 73% of control. Seventy-three percent of subjects on treatment were considered positive responders, compared to 80% in the control group. The average time of onset of analgesia was 1 hour for the treatment group, versus 0.83 hour for control. At the end of day 3 and 7, there was significant improvement (P < .001 for day 3 and day 7) in the pain condition of treatment group and was comparable to control (P = .436 for day 3 and P = .529 for day 7). The total McGill Pain score showed significant reduction in pain with the treatment irrespective of the pain intensity statistically equal (P = .468) to control. Both the groups were equal in providing sensory pain relief (P = .942), but the treatment was 8.57 times significantly better (P = .027) than acetaminophen in reducing the unpleasantness and emotional aspects (affective domain) involved with acute pain.

Conclusion:
The results showed that the treatment used in the study may act as a natural, fast acting, and safe alternative for acute pain relief comparable to acetaminophen.
Two mutations in the axonemal dynein heavy chain gene 5 in a Chinese asthenozoospermia patient
Authors: He Jing , Li Leilei , Yu Yang , Hu Xiaonan , Zhang Hongguo , Liu Ruizhi , Wang Ruixue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
As one of the most common causes of male infertility, asthenozoospermia mainly shows low sperm motility, accounting for 81.84% of male infertility patients. Recently, there has been a notable increase for relationship between genetic testing and asthenozoospermia. In this report, we design to provide clues to prove relationship between dynein heavy chain gene 5 (DNAH5) gene alterations and asthenozoospermia. This also provides a reference for patients to choose a reasonable treatment plan or genetic counseling to assist reproductive reproduction.

Patients concern:
In the present study, we screened 143 patients with asthenozoospermia for variants in DNAH5 gene. We used high-throughput targeted gene sequencing technology and the data were assessed by bioinformatics analysis.

Diagnosis:
We found 1 of 143 asthenozoospermia patients was detected as carrying DNAH5 compound heterozygous variants (c.3502G>A and c.2578–11_2578-7del).

Outcomes:
The variation c.2578-11_2578-7del was predicted in silico to not affect the splicing by HSF3. The variation c.3502G > A (p.E1168K) may cause disease by Mutationtaster software. They may contribute to a risk of male infertility in Chinese patients.

Conclusions:
We discussed the possible association between mutations in DNAH5 and asthenospermia for the first time in Chinese people. If confirmed in larger samples and different races, this result was meaningful for a better diagnosis of asthenospermia patients.
Dental caries experience and related risk indicators of 12-year-old students in Jilin, China
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhang Fenglan , Wang Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An effective prevention policy for dental caries is absent in Jilin, China because of outdated and insufficient data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dental caries status and related risk indicators among 12-year-old students in Jilin Province.
We conducted a cross-sectional investigation among 2324 children aged 12 years from 9 regions of Jilin in 2017. Caries was evaluated with the decayed-missing-filled teeth index and the significant caries index. The rate of pit and fissure closure, education level of patients, brushing habits, and sugar consumption were evaluated in a structured questionnaire. The associated risk indicators of caries were also assessed through logistic regression analysis.
The prevalence of dental caries is 56.11%, and the value of decayed-missing-filled teeth was 1.53. More dental caries was found in students living in high-fluorine areas (P < .01). The results of logistic regression analysis show that females, poor self-assessment of oral health, toothache experience, dental visits, and education levels of parents are risk indicators for caries (P < .01).
Regarding the current status of DC among 12-year-old students in Jilin Province, (1) The high-fluorine areas have lower DC prevalence than the non-high fluorine areas, (2) Female students have higher DC prevalence than male students, (3) Poor self-assessment of dental health, toothache experience, dental visits, and low education levels of parents can increase the risk of dental caries.
Characterization of tracheotomized patients after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chang Yu-Ming , Lee Tsung-Han , Liao Chen-Chieh , Huang Yu-Hua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a catastrophic event with high disability and fatality rates. Post-SAH survivors may require prolonged intubation with the assistance of mechanical ventilators, and some patients will undergo tracheostomy to facilitate their pulmonary hygiene and airway protection. The aim of this study is to identify the incidence and risk factors of the need for tracheostomy after spontaneous SAH. We used a retrospective approach and enrolled 838 adult patients with a primary diagnosis of spontaneous SAH who survived >7 days after hospitalization. Medical information was retrieved from the administrative database utilizing diagnostic and procedure codes by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Patients with first-ever SAH included 329 men and 509 women, and their average age was 56.9 ± 14.4 years, ranging between 18 and 91 years. Fifty-eight of these 838 patients underwent tracheostomy procedures, and the overall incidence was 6.9%. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the independent risk factors of the need for tracheostomy were underlying diabetes mellitus (P = .02), hydrocephalus (P < .01), and pneumonia (P < .01). The mean duration of hospital stay was 26.0 ± 15.3 and 16.8 ± 12.2 days for patients with and without a tracheostomy, respectively (P < .01). In conclusion, a significant percentage of post-SAH survivors underwent tracheostomy during acute hospitalization. Attention to independent risk factors, including preexisting diabetes mellitus, concomitant hydrocephalus, and nosocomial pneumonia, is essential for timely patient selection for tracheostomy.
Successful treatment of a unique case of congophilic fibrillary glomerulonephritis
Authors: Gandhi Pulkit , Tang Jie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Amyloidosis and fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) share similar electron microscopic signatures including random arrangement of fibrils. However, distinction between the 2 can often be made using Congo Red staining.

Patient concerns:
Here we describe a unique case of FGN, which stained positive for Congo Red, as well as DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9 which is more specific for FGN. The patient presented with acute kidney injury and severe proteinuria.

Diagnosis:
Congophilic FGN.

Interventions:
Six-month course of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.

Outcomes:
complete resolution of acute kidney injury and proteinuria

Take home lessons:
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful treatment of this rare condition using mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.
Ultra-high field 7 T imaging in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Louapre Céline , Treaba Constantina A. , Barletta Valeria , Mainero Caterina 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of reviewUltra-high field 7 T MRI has multiple applications for thein vivocharacterization of the heterogeneous aspects underlying multiple sclerosis including the identification of cortical lesions, characterization of the different types of white matter plaques, evaluation of structures difficult to assess with conventional MRI (thalamus, cerebellum, spinal cord, meninges).Recent findingsThe sensitivity of cortical lesion detection at 7 T is twice than at lower field MRI, especially for subpial lesions, the most common cortical lesion type in multiple sclerosis. Cortical lesion load accrual is independent of that in the white matter and predicts disability progression.Seven Tesla MRI provides details on tissue microstructure that can be used to improve white matter lesion characterization. These include the presence of a central vein, whose identification can be used to improve multiple sclerosis diagnosis, or the appearance of an iron-rich paramagnetic rim on susceptibility-weighted images, which corresponds to iron-rich microglia at the periphery of slow expanding lesions. Improvements in cerebellar and spinal cord tissue delineation and lesion characterization have also been demonstrated.SummaryImaging at 7 T allows assessing more comprehensively the complementary pathophysiological aspects of multiple sclerosis, opening up novel perspectives for clinical and therapeutics evaluation.