bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychiatric Implications of Chronic Lead Exposure
Authors: Cassleman Kristi L , Dorrance Kevin A , Todd Andrew C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is growing awareness of chronic exposures to lead, with recent evidence indicating that there is an increased risk of a range of health effects that include cardiovascular, kidney, cognitive, and premature mortality, at blood levels lower than what was previously considered elevated. This report describes the case of a 42-year-old active duty officer with a history of anxiety, cognitive impairment, and paroxysmal hypertensive episodes associated with elevated body burdens of lead as measured in bone, while having low or unremarkable blood level measurements. Challenges related to work-up, treatments, and outcomes are discussed. An elevated body burden of lead may contribute to increased irritability, fatigue, and anxiety, mimicking posttraumatic stress disorder and other primary psychiatric conditions. This presentation highlights the need for an increased index of suspicion of lead poisoning in both medical and psychiatric care, particularly in military populations.
Conventional and natural compounds for the treatment of dermatophytosis
Authors: Lopes Ana I , Tavaria Freni K , Pintado Manuela E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDermatophytes are a group of pathogenic fungi that exclusively infect the stratum corneum of the skin, nails, and hair, causing dermatophytosis. Superficial skin infections caused by dermatophytes have increased in the last decades. There are conventional antifungals that treat these infections, such as terbinafine, fluconazole, and others. However, the limitations of these treatments (resistance, side effects and toxicity) along with the increasing over-prescription, the misuse of these antifungals and the high treatment costs led to the search for new, alternative, natural-based antifungal drugs. These have multiple mechanisms of action, which works to their advantage, making it difficult for a fungus to create resistance mechanisms against all of them at the same time. The main objective of this work is to provide a state-of-the-art review on dermatophytes, dermatophytosis, and the existing treatments, both conventional and natural, such as chitosan and essential oils.
The K2 Galactic Caps Project – going beyond the Kepler field and ageing the Galactic disc
Authors: Rendle B M , Miglio A , Chiappini C , Valentini M , Davies G R , Mosser B , Elsworth Y , García R A , Mathur S , Jofré P , Worley C C , Casagrande L , Girardi L , Lund M N , Feuillet D K , Gavel A , Magrini L , Khan S , Rodrigues T S , Johnson J A , Cunha K , Lane R L , Nitschelm C , Chaplin W J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Analyses of data from spectroscopic and astrometric surveys have led to conflicting results concerning the vertical characteristics of the Milky Way. Ages are often used to provide clarity, but typical uncertainties of &gt;40 per cent from photometry restrict the validity of the inferences made. Using the Kepler APOKASC sample for context, we explore the global population trends of two K2 campaign fields (3 and 6), which extend further vertically out of the Galactic plane than APOKASC. We analyse the properties of red giant stars utilizing three asteroseismic data analysis methods to cross-check and validate detections. The Bayesian inference tool PARAM is used to determine the stellar masses, radii, and ages. Evidence of a pronounced red giant branch bump and an [α/Fe] dependence on the position of the red clump is observed from the K2 fields radius distribution. Two peaks in the age distribution centred at ∼5 and ∼12 Gyr are found using a sample with σage &lt; 35 per cent. In comparison with Kepler, we find the older peak to be more prominent for K2. This age bimodality is also observed based on a chemical selection of low-[α/Fe] (≤0.1) and high-[α/Fe] (&gt;0.1) stars. As a function of vertical distance from the Galactic mid-plane (|Z|), the age distribution shows a transition from a young to old stellar population with increasing |Z| for the K2 fields. Further coverage of campaign targets with high-resolution spectroscopy is required to increase the yield of precise ages achievable with asteroseismology.
Isolated dark matter deprived galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations: real objects or artefacts?
Authors: Saulder Christoph , Snaith Owain , Park Changbom , Laigle Clotilde 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We searched for isolated dark matter deprived galaxies within several state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations: Illustris, IllustrisTNG, EAGLE, and Horizon-AGN and found a handful of promising objects in all except Horizon-AGN. While our initial goal was to study their properties and evolution, we quickly noticed that all of them were located at the edge of their respective simulation boxes. After carefully investigating these objects using the full particle data, we concluded that they are not merely caused by a problem with the algorithm identifying bound structures. We provide strong evidence that these oddballs were created from regular galaxies that get torn apart due to unphysical processes when crossing the edge of the simulation box. We show that these objects are smoking guns indicating an issue with the implementation of the periodic boundary conditions of the particle data in Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, which was eventually traced down to be a minor bug occurring for a very rare set of conditions.
Determining Quasar Orientation
Authors: Yong Suk Yee , Webster Rachel L , King Anthea L , Bate Nicholas F , Labrie Kathleen , O’Dowd Matthew J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since the discovery of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their subclasses, a unification scheme of AGN has been long sought. Orientation-based unified models predict that some of the diversity within AGN subclasses can be explained by the different viewing angles of the observer. Several orientation categorisations have been suggested, but a widely applicable measure has yet to be found. Using the properties of the ultraviolet and optical broad emission lines of quasars, in particular the velocity offsets and line widths of high-ionisation C iv and low-ionisation Mg ii lines, a correlation has been measured. It is postulated that this correlation is due to the viewing angle of the observer. Comparison with other orientation tracers shows consistency with this interpretation. Using a simulation of a wide angle disk-wind model for the broad emission line region, we successfully replicate the observed correlation with inclination. Future more detailed modelling will not only enable improved accuracy in the determination of the viewing angle to individual AGN, but will also substantially increase our understanding of the emitting regions of AGN.
MetaboLights: a resource evolving in response to the needs of its scientific community
Authors: Haug Kenneth , Cochrane Keeva , Nainala Venkata Chandrasekhar , Williams Mark , Chang Jiakang , Jayaseelan Kalai Vanii , O’Donovan Claire 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
MetaboLights is a database for metabolomics studies, their raw experimental data and associated metadata. The database is cross-species and cross-technique and it covers metabolite structures and their reference spectra as well as their biological roles and locations. MetaboLights is the recommended metabolomics repository for a number of leading journals and ELIXIR, the European infrastructure for life science information. In this article, we describe the significant updates that we have made over the last two years to the resource to respond to the increasing amount and diversity of data being submitted by the metabolomics community. We refreshed the website and most importantly, our submission process was completely overhauled to enable us to deliver a far more user-friendly submission process and to facilitate the growing demand for reproducibility and integration with other ‘omics. Metabolomics resources and data are available under the EMBL-EBI’s Terms of Use via the web at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights and under Apache 2.0 at Github (https://github.com/EBI-Metabolights/).
A 35-year-old female Central Africa Republican refugee with an uneventful medical and family past histories presented to a hospital with a 3-year history of a progressive painful outgrowth of the five nails of the left hand
Authors: Noula Aimé Mbonda , Tochie Joel Noutakdie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Onychogryphosis is a dermatological disease characterized by hypertrophy, opaque or yellow-brown thickening, gross hyperkeratosis, elongation, and excessive curving of the nail plate, especially that of the big toe of the foot. The resultant nail deformity is often termed “ram’s horn nail” or “claw-hand” deformity. Affected patients suffer mainly from pain, and cosmetic concerns. This disorder can be acquired or congenital. Herein, we present the case of an usual form of acquired onychogryphosis affecting all the five nail plates of the left hand in a bit to raise awareness of demaytologist and podiatricians on the occurrence of this a typical form for a timely diagnosis and treament, especially in resource-limited settings where this disease is rare or perhatrps under-diagnosed. We also briefly discuss its diagbosis and management.
Comparative cardiovascular risk in users versus non-users of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and febuxostat versus allopurinol users
Authors: Ju Chengsheng , Lai Rachel Wing Chuen , Li Ka Hou Christien , Hung Joshua Kai Fung , Lai Jenny C L , Ho Jeffery , Liu Yingzhi , Tsoi Man Fung , Liu Tong , Cheung Bernard Man Yung , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Tam Lai Shan , Tse Gary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality comparing between xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) and non-XOI users, and between allopurinol and febuxostat.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of gout patients prescribed anti-hyperuricemic medications between 2013 and 2017 using a territory-wide administrative database. XOI users were matched 1:1 to XOI non-users using propensity scores. Febuxostat users were matched 1:3 to allopurinol users. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on colchicine use.

Results
Of the 13 997 eligible participants, 3607 (25.8%) were XOI users and 10 390 (74.2%) were XOI non-users. After propensity score matching, compared with non-users (n = 3607), XOI users (n = 3607) showed similar incidence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.997, 95% CI, 0.879, 1.131; P&gt;0.05) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.972, 95% CI 0.886, 1.065, P=0.539). Febuxostat (n = 276) users showed a similar risk of MACE compared with allopurinol users (n = 828; HR: 0.672, 95% CI, 0.416, 1.085; P=0.104) with a tendency towards a lower risk of heart failure-related hospitalizations (HR = 0.529, 95% CI 0.272, 1.029; P=0.061). Concurrent colchicine use reduced the risk for all-cause mortality amongst XOI users (HR = 0.671, 95% 0.586, 0.768; P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
In gout patients, XOI users showed similar risk of MACE and all-cause mortality compared with non-users. Compared with allopurinol users, febuxostat users showed similar MACE and all-cause mortality risks but lower heart failure-related hospitalizations.
Treatment decision-making in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a patient’s perspective
Authors: Spierings Julia , van Rhijn-Brouwer Femke C C , de Bresser Carolijn J M , Mosterman Petra T M , Pieterse Arwen H , Vonk Madelon C , Voskuyl Alexandre E , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K , Kars Marijke C , van Laar Jacob M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the treatment decision-making process of patients with dcSSc in the context of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods
A qualitative semi-structured interview study was done in patients before or after HSCT, or patients who chose another treatment than HSCT. Thematic analysis was used. Shared decision-making (SDM) was assessed with the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9).

Results
Twenty-five patients [16 male/nine female, median age 47 (range 27–68) years] were interviewed: five pre-HSCT, 16 post-HSCT and four following other treatment. Whereas the SDM-Q-9 showed the decision-making process was perceived as shared [median score 81/100 (range 49–100)], we learned from the interviews that the decision was predominantly made by the rheumatologist, and patients were often steered towards a treatment option. Strong guidance of the rheumatologist was appreciated because of a lack of accessible, reliable and SSc-specific information, due to the approach of the decision-making process of the rheumatologist, the large consequence of the decision and the trust in their doctor. Expectations of outcomes and risks also differed between patients. Furthermore, more than half of patients felt they had no choice but to go for HSCT, due to rapid deterioration of health and the perception of HSCT as ‘the holy grail’.

Conclusion
This is the first study that provides insight into the decision-making process in dcSSc. This process is negatively impacted by a lack of disease-specific education about treatment options. Additionally, we recommend exploring patients’ preferences and understanding of the illness to optimally guide decision-making and to provide tailor-made information.
Using the Tea Bag Index to determine how two human pharmaceuticals affect litter decomposition by aquatic microorganisms
Authors: Hunter William Ross , Williamson Ashley , Sarneel Judith Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study demonstrates that independent additive effects of two human pharmaceuticals, the antibiotic trimethoprim and the artificial estrogen 17a-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), inhibit plant litter decomposition by aquatic microorganisms. The constant release of pharmaceuticals, such as these, has the potential to affect aquatic microbial metabolism and alter biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. Here we advance the Tea Bag Index (TBI) for decomposition by using it in a series of contaminant exposure experiments testing how interactions between trimethoprim and EE2 affect aquatic microbial activity. The TBI is a citizen science tool used to test microbial activity by measuring the differential degradation of green and rooibos tea as proxies for respectively labile and recalcitrant litter decomposition. Exposure to either trimethoprim or EE2 decreased decomposition of green tea, suggesting additive effects upon microbial activity. Exposure to EE2 alone decreased rooibos tea decomposition. Consequently, trimethoprim and EE2 stabilized labile organic matter against microbial degradation and restricted decomposition. We propose that the method outlined could provide a powerful tool for testing the impacts of multiple interacting pollutants upon microbial activity, at a range of scales, across aquatic systems and over ecologically relevant time scales.
Comparative Evaluation of Micronaut-AM and CLSI broth micro-dilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species against four commonly used antifungals
Authors: Nuh Ali , Ramadan Newara , Schelenz Silke , Armstrong-James Darius 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a colorimetric method, Micronaut-AM, for determining susceptibility testing of anidulafungin, amphotericin, voriconazole and itraconazole by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory (Effective) Concentrations (MICs/MECs) obtained by this method to those generated by the reference Clinical Laboratory Standard Investigation (CLSI) method. 78 clinical isolates of Aspergillus species, nine of them azole-resistant, were tested against above antifungals. A fumigatus ATCC 204305 was used as a reference strain and test was performed in accordance with slightly modified yeast susceptibility testing instruction of the manufacture; conidia suspension inoculum and alamarBlue concentration were optimised. These same isolates were referred to Bristol Mycology reference laboratory and tested by CLSI method. The MICs and MECs generated by the two methods were compared using concordance analysis.Micronaut-AM (MN) showed significant concordance (P< 0.0001) with CLSI method and overall agreement was high (≥ 90%). In addition, Micronaut-AM produced echinocandin MECs results within 18-24h incubation time and reliably detected azole resistant isolates. Essential agreement (within 2 log2 dilution of median) between MN and CLSI reference laboratory method was 99 % for anidulafungin, 100 % for amphotericin; 90% for voriconazole and 87 % for itraconazole. Categorical agreement for anidulafungin, amphotericin B, voriconazole and itraconazole were 100%, 96%, 97% and 99% respectively.Micronaut-AM showed very good agreement with the reference broth micro-dilution method results for all antifungal agents tested and was able to detect azole resistance. This colorimetric method is very promising and appears to be a suitable alternative susceptibility testing method to labour intensive broth microdilution method for Aspergillus species.
Knowledge and interactions of the local community with the herpetofauna in the forest reserve of Quininí (Tibacuy, Cundinamarca)
Authors: Ríos-Orjuela Juan Camilo , Falcón-Espitia Nelson , Arias-Escobar Alejandra , Espejo-Uribe María José , Chamorro-Vargas Carol Tatiana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe study of human-nature relationship has made possible to understand the life dynamics of the communities and the biodiversity with which cohabits. Although ethnobiological studies have been rise over the last decade, little is known about human interaction with herpetofauna in South America and in Colombia. In this work, we analyzed the knowledge, perception, and interaction of a local community located in the forest reserve of Quininí (RFPCQ) in Cundinamarca (Colombia), with respect to the herpetofauna that inhabits the area.MethodsWe performed semi-structured surveys containing 30 questions categorized into three groups: academic knowledge (1), use and cultural beliefs (2) and interaction and perception (3) related to the herpetofauna that occurs in the region. For the obtained data in question groups 1 and 2, an analysis and classification of the answers in percentages were made. For the question group 3, we assigned the answers with a hostility value according to the possible reaction of each individual interviewed in a hypothetical encounter with the herpetofauna, and performed a Multivariate Ordinal Logistic Regression test (MOLR), in order to know if the positive or negative reactions could be predicted by demographic variables.ResultsThe community recognized the presence of amphibians and reptiles that cohabit their space, as well as their potential habitats. In addition, the role of herpetofauna was recognized in the magical/religious traditions for some inhabitants of the region, mainly associated with the fate and cure of chronic diseases. In general, the perception of amphibians and reptiles varied according to the origin and gender of the people, tend to have a more positive perception about reptiles than amphibians in most cases.ConclusionsAlthough there was a general lack of knowledge on the part of the inhabitants of the RFPCQ about the biological and ecological aspects of herpetofauna, the population recognized the basic information about the habitats of these animals within the area of the reserve. There is a wide variety of uses of amphibians and reptiles in traditional medicine. Greater efforts should be made in the transmission and dissemination of knowledge about the ecological functions of herpetofauna.
Attentional reorientation along the meridians of the visual field: are there different neural mechanisms at play?
Authors: Steinkamp Simon R. , Vossel Simone , Fink Gereon R. , Weidner Ralph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHemispatial neglect, after unilateral lesions to parietal brain areas, is characterized by an inability to respond to unexpected stimuli in contralesional space. As the visual field’s horizontal meridian is most severely affected, the brain networks controlling visuospatial processes might be tuned explicitly to this axis. We investigated such a potential directional tuning in the dorsal and ventral frontoparietal attention networks, with a particular focus on attentional reorientation. We used an orientation-discrimination task where a spatial pre-cue indicated the target position with 80% validity. Healthy participants (n = 29) performed this task in two runs and were required to (re-)orient attention either only along the horizontal or the vertical meridian, while fMRI and behavioral measures were recorded. By using a General Linear Model for behavioral and fMRI data, Dynamic Causal Modeling for effective connectivity, and other predictive approaches, we found strong statistical evidence for a reorientation effect for horizontal and vertical runs. However, neither neural nor behavioral measures differed between vertical and horizontal reorienting. Moreover, models from one run successfully predicted the cueing condition in the respective other run. Our results suggest that activations in the dorsal and ventral attention networks represent higher-order cognitive processes related to spatial attentional (re-)orientating that are independent of directional tuning.
Charrs of the genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae): hybridization, phylogeny and evolution
Authors: Osinov Alexander G. , Volkov Alexander A. , Mugue Nikolai S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEvolutionary history, systematics and taxonomy of charrs of the genus Salvelinus and especially of the representatives of the S. alpinus – S. malma species complex remain confused that is connected with a substantial ecological and morphological flexibility of this group and with supposed ancient hybridization between some taxa. For the analysis of phylogenetic relationships and introgressive hybridization between the species of the genus Salvelinus including three endemic species from Lake El’gygytgyn and all main representatives of the S. alpinus – S. malma species complex, nucleotide sequences of mtDNA control region (960 bp) and two nuclear genes (ITS1 (581 bp) and RAG1 (899 bp)) were analyzed. The differences in the topologies of individual gene trees, among others reasons, were connected with incomplete lineage sorting and historical introgressive hybridization between certain taxa. Several cases of mtDNA capture by different taxa and phylogenetic groups were proposed. In particular, the following taxa participated in introgressive hybridization: northern Dolly Varden S. m. malma, representatives of the S. alpinus complex (including mainly Taranets charr S. a. taranetzi), southern Dolly Varden S. m. lordi from North America and bull trout S. confluentus. Main phylogenetic groups of the S. alpinus – S. malma species complex were revised. The origin and phylogenetic relationships of southern Dolly Varden from North America were not unambiguously defined. We proposed that introgressive hybridization had an important role in the evolutionary history of charrs, in particular, in the appearance of a high level of morphological, ecological and taxonomical diversity.