bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between 18F-FDG-PETCT-derived tumour metabolic activity, nutritional risk, body composition, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Dolan Ross D. , Maclay John D. , Abbass Tanvir , Colville David , Buali Fatema , MacLeod Nicholas , McSorley Stephen T. , Horgan Paul G. , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PET-CT derived tumour glucose uptake as measured by maximum standard glucose uptake (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), nutritional risk as measured by the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), CT derived body composition as measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), the systemic inflammatory response as measured by the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and survival in patients with lung cancer, treated with radiotherapy. In a retrospective cohort study, 119 patients were included in final analyses. The majority of patients were over 65 (86%), female (52%), had a performance status (ECOG-PS) of 0 or 1 (57%), were at nutritional risk (57%), were overweight (53%), had visceral obesity (62%), had a normal SMI (51%), had a low SMD (62%) and were systemically inflammed (mGPS 1/2, 51%). An elevated TLG was associated with sex (p < 0.05), TNM stage (p < 0.001), MUST (p < 0.01) and mGPS (p < 0.01). An elevated mGPS was associated with age (p < 0.05), NLR (p < 0.01), MUST (p < 0.01), and TLG (p < 0.01). On univariate survival analysis, TNM stage (p < 0.01), mGPS (p < 0.05), NLR (p < 0.01), MUST (p ≤ 0.001), Low SMD (p < 0.05), SUVmax (p ≤ 0.001) and TLG (p < 0.001) were associated with overall survival. On multivariate survival analysis MUST (HR: 1.49 95%CI 1.12–01.98 p < 0.01) and TLG (HR: 2.02 95%CI 1.34–3.04 p = 0.001) remained independently associated with survival. In conclusion, elevated tumour metabolic activity was associated with more advanced stage, greater nutritional risk, the systemic inflammatory response and poorer survival but not body composition analysis in patients with lung cancer. These results suggest that detrimental body composition is not directly determined by tumour metabolic activity but rather an ongoing systemic inflammatory response.
A robust method for automatic identification of femoral landmarks, axes, planes and bone coordinate systems using surface models
Authors: Fischer Maximilian C. M. , Grothues Sonja A. G. A. , Habor Juliana , de la Fuente Matías , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe identification of femoral landmarks is a common procedure in multiple academic fields. Femoral bone coordinate systems are used particularly in orthopedics and biomechanics, and are defined by landmarks, axes and planes. A fully automatic detection overcomes the drawbacks of a labor-intensive manual identification. In this paper, a new automatic atlas- and a priori knowledge-based approach that processes femoral surface models, called the A&A method, was evaluated. The A&A method is divided in two stages. Firstly, a single atlas-based registration maps landmarks and areas from a template surface to the subject. In the second stage, landmarks, axes and planes that are used to construct several femoral bone coordinate systems are refined using a priori knowledge. Three common femoral coordinate systems are defined by the landmarks detected. The A&A method proved to be very robust against a variation of the spatial alignment of the surface models. The results of the A&A method and a manual identification were compared. No significant rotational differences existed for the bone coordinate system recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics. Minor significant differences of maximally 0.5° were observed for the two other coordinate systems. This might be clinically irrelevant, depending on the context of use and should, therefore, be evaluated by the potential user regarding the specific application. The entire source code of the A&A method and the data used in the study is open source and can be accessed via https://github.com/RWTHmediTEC/FemoralCoordinateSystem.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 in elderly patients from a long-term care facility
Authors: Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Mazzitelli Maria , Serapide Francesca , Pelle Maria Chiara , Tassone Bruno , Arrighi Eugenio , Perri Graziella , Fusco Paolo , Scaglione Vincenzo , Davoli Chiara , Lionello Rosaria , La Gamba Valentina , Marrazzo Giuseppina , Busceti Maria Teresa , Giudice Amerigo , Ricchio Marco , Cancelliere Anna , Lio Elena , Procopio Giada , Costanzo Francesco Saverio , Foti Daniela Patrizia , Matera Giovanni , Torti Carlo ,   IDTM UMG COVID-19 Group, Laganà Domenico , Petullà Maria , Bertucci Bernardo , Quirino Angela , Barreca Giorgio Settimo , Giancotti Aida , Gallo Luigia , Lamberti Angelo , Liberto Maria Carla , Marascio Nadia , De Francesco Adele Emanuela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread from China all over the world and many COVID-19 outbreaks have been reported in long-term care facilities (LCTF). However, data on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in such settings are scarce. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess clinical characteristics and baseline predictors of mortality of COVID-19 patients hospitalized after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a LTCF. A total of 50 patients were included. Mean age was 80 years (SD, 12 years), and 24/50 (57.1%) patients were males. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 32%. At Cox regression analysis, significant predictors of in-hospital mortality were: hypernatremia (HR 9.12), lymphocyte count < 1000 cells/µL (HR 7.45), cardiovascular diseases other than hypertension (HR 6.41), and higher levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) (HR 1.005). Our study shows a high in-hospital mortality rate in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19 and hypernatremia, lymphopenia, CVD other than hypertension, and higher IL-6 serum levels were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Given the small population size as major limitation of our study, further investigations are necessary to better understand and confirm our findings in elderly patients.
Diversity, structure and demography of coral assemblages on underwater lava flows of different ages at Reunion Island and implications for ecological succession hypotheses
Authors: Jouval Florian , Bigot Lionel , Bureau Sophie , Quod Jean-Pascal , Penin Lucie , Adjeroud Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding colonization of new habitats and ecological successions is key to ecosystem conservation. However, studies on primary successions are scarce for reef-building corals, due to the rarity of newly formed substratum and the long-term monitoring efforts required for their long life cycle and slow growth rate. We analysed data describing the diversity, structure and demography of coral assemblages on lava flows of different ages and coral reefs at Reunion Island, to evaluate the strength and mechanisms of succession, and its agreement to the theoretical models. No significant differences were observed between the two habitats for most structure and demographic descriptors. In contrast, species richness and composition differentiated coral reefs from lava flows, but were not related to the age of the lava flow. We observed a strong dominance of Pocillopora colonies, which underline the opportunistic nature of this taxa, with life-history traits advantageous to dominance on primary and secondary successional stages. Although some results argue in favor of the tolerance model of succession, the sequences of primary successions as theorized in other ecosystems were difficult to observe, which is likely due to the high frequency and intensity of disturbances at Reunion, that likely distort or set back the expected successional sequences.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and associated patterns of cognitive decline
Authors: Formánek Tomáš , Csajbók Zsófia , Wolfová Katrin , Kučera Matěj , Tom Sarah , Aarsland Dag , Cermakova Pavla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the pattern and rate of cognitive decline across distinctive trajectories of depressive symptoms in older adults. In this prospective multinational cohort study on 69,066 participants (on average 64 years at baseline, 55% women), assessments of cognitive functions (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency) and depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale) were conducted at 2-year intervals. The trajectories of depressive symptoms were obtained using latent growth mixture modelling, cognitive decline was assessed using smoothing splines and linear mixed effects models. Four distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: constantly low (n = 49,660), constantly high (n = 2999), increasing (n = 6828) and decreasing (n = 9579). Individuals with increasing and constantly high depressive symptoms showed linear cognitive decline, while those with constantly low and decreasing depressive symptoms had fluctuating cognition. Participants with increasing depressive symptoms had the fastest decline, while those with decreasing symptoms were spared from decline in cognition. This study suggests that the pattern as well as the rate of cognitive decline co-occurs with specific patterns of changes in depressive symptoms over time. The most pronounced cognitive decline is present in individuals, in whom depressive symptoms increase late in life. Unique mechanisms of cognitive decline may exist for subgroups of the population, and are associated with the trajectory of depressive symptoms.
Treating incarcerated inguinal hernias with TEP is a viable option for experienced surgeons
Authors: de Almeida Medeiros Kayo Augusto , Carvalho Bárbara Justo , Pipek Leonardo Zumerkorn , de Mesquita Gustavo Heluani Antunes , Nii Fernanda , Martines Diego Ramos , Iuamoto Leandro Ryuchi , Carneiro-D’Albuquerque Luiz Augusto , Meyer Alberto , Andraus Wellington 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite inguinal hernias being a common problem in public health, there is still scarce information about the epidemiology of the complications, especially incarceration, and their influence on the laparoscopic surgical methods considering the role of the learning process of the surgeon. Compare laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach in the repair of incarcerated and non-incarcerated inguinal hernias from the perspective of technical difficulty for trained surgeons. We obtained data about sex, age, location and type of hernia, surgery duration, ASA score, postoperative complications, previous surgeries and BMI. Groups were descriptively analyzed and statistically compared to verify how similar the samples were. 265 (90.1%) patients had non-incarcerated hernias and 29 (9.9%) incarcerated. We observed that there was no significant difference in the pattern of location (right, left or bilateral), sex, ASA, previous or complications between the two groups. Unilateral incarcerated hernias had longer operative times compared to non-incarcerated. No difference was found between bilateral hernias. We didn´t find significant epidemiological differences between incarcerated and non-incarcerated hernias. In our experience, with the limitation of a single-surgeon series, laparoscopic hernia repair achieved satisfactory results in terms of feasibility (especially for bilateral hernias) and safety.
Quantitative and functional characteristics of circulating and bone marrow PD-1- and TIM-3-positive T cells in treated multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Batorov Egor V. , Aristova Tatiana A. , Sergeevicheva Vera V. , Sizikova Svetlana A. , Ushakova Galina Y. , Pronkina Natalia V. , Shishkova Irina V. , Shevela Ekaterina Y. , Ostanin Alexander A. , Chernykh Elena R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to evaluate counts and functional properties of PD-1+ and TIM-3+ T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients following the induction therapy. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 and TIM-3, intracellular production of IFNγ and intracellular expression of Granzyme B were assessed. Relative counts of the majority of circulating PD-1+, TIM-3+ and PD-1+TIM-3+ T cells were higher in MM patients with disease progression compared with individuals in remission. Frequencies of almost all evaluated PD-1+ and TIM-3+ T cell subsets were higher in BM samples compared with PB; circulating CD4+PD-1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD8+TIM-3+, CD8+PD-1+TIM-3+ T cells positively correlated with the same BM subsets. Circulating CD4+ T cells, expressing PD-1 and TIM-3 (including co-expressing subset), as well as CD8+PD-1+TIM-3+ T cells, and BM CD8+PD-1+ T cells correlated with serum B2-M levels. Sufficient frequencies of GrB+ and IFNγ+ subsets in PD-1-expressing T cells indicated their retained functional properties. TIM-3-expressing T cells and double positive PD-1+TIM-3+ populations showed diminished cytotoxic and cytokine-producing ability and therefore might be attributed to the exhausted compartment. To identify T cell exhaustion, it is necessary to evaluate T cells co-expressing PD-1, TIM-3 and other inhibitory signal molecules and to study their functional properties. Sustained functionality of PD-1-positive T cells may explain low efficacy and frequent immune-mediated adverse events during anti-PD-1 therapy in MM.
Cattle mitogenome variation reveals a post-glacial expansion of haplogroup P and an early incorporation into northeast Asian domestic herds
Authors: Mannen Hideyuki , Yonezawa Takahiro , Murata Kako , Noda Aoi , Kawaguchi Fuki , Sasazaki Shinji , Olivieri Anna , Achilli Alessandro , Torroni Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation have shown that worldwide domestic cattle are characterized by just a few major haplogroups. Two, T and I, are common and characterize Bos taurus and Bos indicus, respectively, while the other three, P, Q and R, are rare and are found only in taurine breeds. Haplogroup P is typical of extinct European aurochs, while intriguingly modern P mtDNAs have only been found in northeast Asian cattle. These Asian P mtDNAs are extremely rare with the exception of the Japanese Shorthorn breed, where they reach a frequency of 45.9%. To shed light on the origin of this haplogroup in northeast Asian cattle, we completely sequenced 14 Japanese Shorthorn mitogenomes belonging to haplogroup P. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed: (1) a post-glacial expansion of aurochs carrying haplogroup P from Europe to Asia; (2) that all Asian P mtDNAs belong to a single sub-haplogroup (P1a), so far never detected in either European or Asian aurochs remains, which was incorporated into domestic cattle of continental northeastern Asia possibly ~ 3700 years ago; and (3) that haplogroup P1a mtDNAs found in the Japanese Shorthorn breed probably reached Japan about 650 years ago from Mongolia/Russia, in agreement with historical evidence.
Serial clustering of extratropical cyclones: a review of where, when and why it occurs
Authors: Dacre Helen F. , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSerial clustering of extratropical cyclones describes the passage of multiple cyclones over a fixed location within a given time period. Such periods often result in high precipitation totals and accumulated wind damage, leading to large societal and financial impacts. Here, we define the terminology to differentiate between several types of cyclone clustering and review multiple approaches used to quantify it. We provide an overview of current research activities including a review of serial cyclone clustering climatologies used to identify where clustering occurs. We review the dynamical mechanisms determining when and why serial cyclone clustering occurs for different timescales of interest. On daily timescales, serial cyclone clustering is often associated with a cyclone family and secondary cyclogenesis mechanisms. At longer timescales, active or inactive seasons are often associated with persistent large-scale flow patterns and their interaction with successive Rossby wave-breaking events. Finally, we discuss the knowledge gaps and current research opportunities.
Higher order interactions in complex networks of phase oscillators promote abrupt synchronization switching
Authors: Skardal Per Sebastian , Arenas Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynchronization processes play critical roles in the functionality of a wide range of both natural and man-made systems. Recent work in physics and neuroscience highlights the importance of higher-order interactions between dynamical units, i.e., three- and four-way interactions in addition to pairwise interactions, and their role in shaping collective behavior. Here we show that higher-order interactions between coupled phase oscillators, encoded microscopically in a simplicial complex, give rise to added nonlinearity in the macroscopic system dynamics that induces abrupt synchronization transitions via hysteresis and bistability of synchronized and incoherent states. Moreover, these higher-order interactions can stabilize strongly synchronized states even when the pairwise coupling is repulsive. These findings reveal a self-organized phenomenon that may be responsible for the rapid switching to synchronization in many biological and other systems that exhibit synchronization without the need of particular correlation mechanisms between the oscillators and the topological structure.
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase deficiency impairs cardiovascular adaptations and placental development during pregnancy
Authors: Walton Sarah L. , Mirabito Colafella Katrina M. , Ansari Aneesa , Chai Siew Yeen , Denton Kate M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), an enzyme that cleaves vasoactive peptides including oxytocin and vasopressin, is suggested to play a role in pregnancy and the onset of preeclampsia. Our aim was to examine the contribution of IRAP to arterial pressure regulation and placental development during pregnancy in mice. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured via radiotelemetry in 12-week-old female wild-type and IRAP knockout mice. Females were time-mated with males of the same genotype. Placentae were collected at embryonic day 18.5 for histological analysis. Basal heart rate was ∼40 bpm lower in IRAP knockout females compared with wild-type females. The increase in heart rate across gestation was greater in IRAP knockout females than wild-type females. Neither basal nor gestational mean arterial pressure was different between wildtype and IRAP knockout females. Urine output and water intake of IRAP knockout mice were ∼45% less than wild-type mice at late gestation. IRAP deficiency had no effect on fetal weight. Morphological assessment of placentae revealed that IRAP deficiency was associated with reduced labyrinth surface area and accumulation of glycogen in the junctional zone. Our data demonstrate that IRAP deficiency alters maternal fluid handling and impairs placental labyrinth expansion at late gestation, indicating that IRAP contributes to the normal adaptions to pregnancy.
10.4 m GTC observations of the nearby VHE-detected GRB 190829A/SN 2019oyw
Authors: Hu Y.-D. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Kumar A. , Gupta R. , Valeev A. F. , Pandey S. B. , Kann D. A. , Castellón A. , Agudo I. , Aryan A. , Caballero-García M. D. , Guziy S. , Martin-Carrillo A. , Oates S. R. , Pian E. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Sokolov V. V. , Zhang B.-B. 
Published: November 2020

Aims.Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190829A (z = 0.0785) was detected byFermiandSwiftand also at very high energy (VHE) by the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes. The prompt emission displayed two emission episodes separated by a quiescent gap of ∼40 s. We present the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) observations of the afterglow of GRB 190829A and its underlying supernova. We also compare GRB 190829A to GRB 180728A, a GRB with similar behaviour, and discuss the implications on underlying physical mechanisms producing these two GRBs.Methods.We present multi-band photometric data along with spectroscopic follow-up observations taken with the 10.4 m GTC telescope. Together with the data from the prompt emission, the 10.4 m GTC data are used to understand the emission mechanisms and possible progenitor.Results.A detailed analysis of the multi-band observations of the afterglow requires the cooling frequency to pass between the optical and X-ray bands at early epochs. The afterglow then transitions to the underlying supernova (SN) 2019oyw, which dominates later on.Conclusions.Although the prompt emission temporal properties of GRB 190829A and GRB 180728A are similar, the two pulses are different in the spectral domain. We find that SN 2019oyw associated with GRB 190829A is powered by Ni decay and is a Type Ic-BL SN. The spectroscopic and photometric properties of this SN are consistent with those observed for SN 1998bw, but evolved earlier.
A comparative study of the ultrastructural characteristics of the mature spermatozoa of two fellodistomidsTergestia clonacanthaandT. laticollisand contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the Gymnophalloidea
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Marchand Bernard , Bâ Cheikh Tidiane , Justine Jean-Lou , Bray Rodney Alan , Quilichini Yann 
Published: November 2020

The ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoa ofTergestia clonacanthaandT. laticolliscollected from the digestive tracts of fishes from New Caledonia is described using transmission electron microscopy and compared to that of related species. The spermatozoa of the two species exhibit the general pattern described in most digeneans, namely two axonemes with the 9 + “1” pattern of the Trepaxonemata, nucleus, mitochondrion, cortical microtubules, an external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies and granules of glycogen. The spermatozoa ofT. clonacanthaandT. laticollisshow the same ultrastructural model with some specificities in each case, particularly in the disposition of the structures in the posterior extremities of the spermatozoon. This study confirms that ultrastructural characters of the mature spermatozoon are useful tools for the phylogenetic analysis of the Digenea.
Anämie und Eisenmangel – Behandlungsoptionen bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung und chronischer Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Emrich Insa E. , Böhm Michael , Heine Gunnar H. 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Therapie mit Eisenpräparaten Mit PIVOTAL erschien 2018 die erste kardiovaskuläre Endpunktstudie zur Eisensubstitution bei Dialysepatienten, die eine prognostische Überlegenheit einer Hochdosiseisentherapie gegenüber einer restriktiveren Eisenapplikation aufzeigte. Mit AFFIRM-AHF, IRONMAN, FAIR-HF2 und HEART-FID überprüfen aktuell gleich 4 Studien die Bedeutung einer intravenösen Eisenapplikation auf kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz.
Ausblick HIF-Stabilisatoren erlauben eine orale Anämie-Behandlung bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung. Erste klinische Studien zeigten eine „Nichtunterlegenheit“ von HIF-Stabilisatoren gegenüber der Behandlung mittels rekombinanten Erythropoetins (EPO)/Erythropoese-stimulierenden Agenzien (ESA) in Bezug auf den Hämoglobinanstieg. Finale Ergebnisse großer Studien mit kardiovaskulären Endpunkten sind aktuell noch ausstehend. In diesen Studien muss das Sicherheitsprofil von HIF-Stabilisatoren überprüft werden, da HIF-Stabilisatoren die Transkription zahlreicher Gene auch jenseits der Hämatopoese verändern. In der klinischen Kardiologie spielen HIF-Stabilisatoren aktuell (noch) keine Rolle. Unter der Therapie mittels SGLT-II-Inhibitoren konnte ein Anstieg des Hämatokrits beobachtet werden, welcher sich nicht allein durch diuretische Effekte erklären lässt. Die genaue pharmakodynamische Wirkweise ist noch offen.