bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed ejection mechanism in an Oxalis species
Authors: Li Shanpeng , Zhang Yun , Liu Jianlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith millions of years’ evolution, plants and fungi have developed a variety of ballistic dispersal structures for seeds or spores. One typical example is the catapult of an Oxalis sp., which can realize a consecutive seed ejection by triggering only one seed. If the protrusion on an aril, a specialized outgrowth covering a seed, is disturbed, cracks would occur and cause the opening of the aril. Subsequently, the whole aril snaps and transforms its stored strain energy to eject the inside seed with an optimal launching angle. Once the first seed is triggered, its curly aril will contact the next seed’s protrusion and induce its firing. This chain effect will further trigger the remaining seeds in turns, within 0.1 s. Inspired by this phenomenon, we invented a bionic ejection device to launch projectiles with high efficiency. This exploration is promising for a number of applications, such as drug delivery and oil displacement.
von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII Clearance in Perioperative Hemophilia A Patients
Authors: van Moort Iris , Bukkems Laura H. , Heijdra Jessica M. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Laros-van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Ypma Paula , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Meijer Karina , Eikenboom Jeroen , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   for the OPTI-CLOT Study Group
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background von Willebrand factor (VWF) is crucial for optimal dosing of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate in hemophilia A patients as it protects FVIII from premature clearance. To date, it is unknown how VWF behaves and what its impact is on FVIII clearance in the perioperative setting.
Aim To investigate VWF kinetics (VWF antigen [VWF:Ag]), VWF glycoprotein Ib binding (VWF:GPIbM), and VWF propeptide (VWFpp) in severe and moderate perioperative hemophilia A patients included in the randomized controlled perioperative OPTI-CLOT trial.
Methods Linear mixed effects modeling was applied to analyze VWF kinetics. One-way and two-way analyses of variance were used to investigate perioperative VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios and associations with surgical bleeding.
Results Fifty-nine patients with median age of 48.8 years (interquartile range: 34.8–60.0) were included. VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM increased significantly postoperatively. Blood type non-O or medium risk surgery were associated with higher VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM levels compared with blood type O and low risk surgery. VWFpp/VWF:Ag was significantly higher immediately after surgery than 32 to 57 hours after surgery (p < 0.001). Lowest VWF:Ag quartile (0.43–0.92 IU/mL) was associated with an increase of FVIII concentrate clearance of 26 mL/h (95% confidence interval: 2–50 mL/h) compared with highest VWF antigen quartile (1.70–3.84 IU/mL). VWF levels were not associated with perioperative bleeding F(4,227) = 0.54, p = 0.710.
Conclusion VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbM levels increase postoperatively, most significantly in patients with blood type non-O or medium risk surgery. Lower VWF antigen levels did not lead to clinically relevant higher FVIII clearance. VWF:Ag or VWF:GPIbM levels were not associated with perioperative hemorrhage.
Corona Lockdown to Locked in Syndrome: A Neurosurgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Kalra Samir K. , Kalra Vandana , Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe are spending our days today in a nationwide lockdown. The government should be lauded for taking a firm stand and announcing this lockdown well in time. Perhaps the benefits of social distancing cannot be more emphasized to prevent the spread of the dreaded coronavirus as witnessed by some of the developed nations who missed out by announcing it very late. In this lockdown period when we are primarily confined to our home, people face this dilemma of what to do and what lies ahead. Suddenly people find themselves in a situation where they are forced to stay at home and there is fear and turmoil all around. The mindset in this situation quickly becomes negative and as is well known “empty mind is devil’s workshop.” The need of the hour is to get constructively active and keep the positive vibes going.
Volumetric Capnography Monitoring and Effects of Epinephrine on Volume of Carbon Dioxide Elimination during Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest in a Swine Pediatric Ventricular Fibrillatory Arrest
Authors: Al-Subu Awni M. , Hacker Timothy A. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Ofori-Amanfo George , Eldridge Marlowe W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the use of volumetric capnography monitoring to assess cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) effectiveness by correlating it with cardiac output (CO), and to evaluate the effect of epinephrine boluses on both end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and the volume of CO2 elimination (VCO2) in a swine ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model. Planned secondary analysis of data collected to investigate the use of noninvasive monitors in a pediatric swine ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model was performed. Twenty-eight ventricular fibrillatory arrests with open cardiac massage were conducted. During CPR, EtCO2 and VCO2 had strong correlation with CO, measured as a percentage of baseline pulmonary blood flow, with correlation coefficients of 0.83 (p < 0.001) and 0.53 (p = 0.018), respectively. However, both EtCO2 and VCO2 had weak and nonsignificant correlation with diastolic blood pressure during CPR 0.30 (p = 0.484) (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.51–0.83) and 0.25 (p = 0.566) (95% CI, –0.55–0.81), respectively. EtCO2 and VCO2 increased significantly after the first epinephrine bolus without significant change in CO. The correlations between EtCO2 and VCO2 and CO were weak 0.20 (p = 0.646) (95% CI, −0.59–0.79), and 0.27 (p = 0.543) (95% CI, −0.54–0.82) following epinephrine boluses. Continuous EtCO2 and VCO2 monitoring are potentially useful metrics to ensure effective CPR. However, transient epinephrine administration by boluses might confound the use of EtCO2 and VCO2 to guide chest compression.
Role of Ultrafast MR Imaging in Stroke Patients
Authors: Sindhura Manne , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Chandrasekharan Anupama 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives The aim of the study is to assess the role of ultrafast (UF) magnetic resonance (MR) sequences in stroke imaging.Material and Methods We prospectively studied 85 patients having clinical suspicion of stroke referred for MR imaging (MRI) during August 2016 to July 2018. These patients were subjected to both conventional and UF MRI sequences. The patients were divided into six categories based on the pathologies encountered. Further subclassification was done based on the size of the lesions as ≤10 mm and >10 mm as seen separately in both UF and conventional MR sequences. The number and visibility of these lesions on conventional and UF MRI were compared. The image quality of all the subjects was also compared based on a scale categorized into excellent, satisfactory, and poor. The findings on conventional and UF imaging sequences were correlated with the final clinical diagnosis arrived at the time of discharge.Results In our study comprising 85 patients, 57 showed pathologies. The patients showing pathologies were assigned into the six categories as acute infarct (34 cases), acute hemorrhagic infarct (six cases), chronic infarct (17 cases), chronic hemorrhagic infarct (four cases), subacute infarct (three cases), and chronic hemorrhage (one case). The number of lesions seen on conventional and UF sequences were the same although there was a slight decrease in the size of the lesions on UF sequences as compared with conventional counterparts. The image quality using UF sequences was better in motion prone patients while conventional imaging showed better image quality in cooperative patients.Conclusion In motion prone patients, UF sequences are a suitable alternative for conventional sequences as they help in arriving at the diagnosis in lesser time, with reasonably good image quality, and without motion artifacts. In cooperative stroke patients, it is better to use conventional MR sequences as the image quality is better.
Association between Foramen Size and Febrile Seizure Status in the Pediatric Population: A Two-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Presto Peyton , D’Souza Preston , Kopacz Avery , Hanson Keith A. , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective Febrile seizures have been shown to occur in 2 to 5% of children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, making them the most common seizures of childhood. Multiple risk factors for febrile seizures have been identified; however, no investigation has been conducted to explore foramen size and associated venous drainage as a potential risk factor for experiencing febrile seizures. Of particular interest are the parietal foramen and the condylar canal, which conduct the parietal emissary vein and the occipital emissary vein, respectively. Emissary veins lack valves, allowing them to play a crucial role in selective brain cooling via a bidirectional flow of blood from the head’s evaporating surface. Narrowed cranial apertures conducting these veins may lead to reduced cerebral venous outflow and delayed brain cooling, creating favorable conditions for a febrile event. This study seeks to explore the association between cranial aperture area and febrile seizure status.

Methods A retrospective cross-sectional medical record review study from January 2011 to December 2017 was conducted at a 500-bed academic hospital and a 977-bed private hospital in Lubbock, Texas, United States. A total of 101 complex febrile seizure patients were compared with a similarly aged group of 75 trauma patients representing the normal population. Parietal foramen area and condylar canal area were electronically measured and defined as having “normal” or “below normal” area.

Statistical Analysis Independent t-tests were used to compare foramen and canal areas by febrile seizure status. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of small cranial aperture area with febrile seizure status.

Results Below normal parietal foramen area had a strong association with febrile seizures in our patient population. Male sex, white race, and complete vaccination status were also found to have significant associations with febrile seizure status.

Conclusion Our findings indicated that narrowed parietal foramen may be considered as a risk factor for febrile seizure development.
Perioperative Coagulopathy in Patients with Normal Preoperative Coagulation Screen: A Couple of Coagulopathic Clinical Case Conundrums
Authors: Monteiro Joseph N. , Goraksha Shwetal , Dhokte Ninad S. , Padate Balkrishna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerioperative coagulopathy impacts patient outcome by influencing intraoperative hemodynamics and blood loss. We present two cases which despite having normal preoperative coagulation profiles and normotension during the surgery had intraoperative coagulopathy and unusual bleeding. These cases required a multidisciplinary approach to manage them successfully. A thorough knowledge of the coagulation cascade along with a high-degree of suspicion and early recognition of coagulation is required. Abnormalities are critical for a timely intervention. Point-of-care tests like thromboelastography (TEG) as well as platelet function studies helped us arrive at an early diagnosis and initiate prompt treatment.
Using Policy Labs as a process to bring evidence closer to public policymaking: a guide to one approach
Authors: Hinrichs-Krapels Saba , Bailey Jocelyn , Boulding Harriet , Duffy Bobby , Hesketh Rachel , Kinloch Emma , Pollitt Alexandra , Rawlings Sarah , van Rij Armida , Wilkinson Benedict , Pow Ross , Grant Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile robust evidence is one ingredient in the policymaking process, it is by no means the only one. Engaging with policymakers and the policymaking process requires collaborative working models, navigating through the experiences, values and perspectives of policymakers and other stakeholders, as well as communicating evidence in an accessible manner. As a response to these requirements, over recent years there has been proliferation of activities that engage producers of evidence (specifically, academics), policymakers, practitioners, and the public in policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. In this article, we describe one engagement approach for facilitating research evidence uptake into policy and practice—an activity called a ‘Policy Lab’—as conducted by the team at The Policy Institute at King’s College London on numerous policy challenges over the past four years. Drawing on our experience in running 15 Policy Labs between January 2015 and September 2019, we (a) provide a guide to how we have run Policy Labs, while sharing our learning on what has worked best in conducting them and (b) demonstrate how these labs can contribute to bringing evidence closer to policymaking, by comparing their characteristics to enablers for doing so identified in the literature. While this approach to Policy Labs is not the only one of its kind, we suggest that these types of Labs manifest characteristics identified in previous studies for influencing the policymaking process; namely: providing a forum for open, honest conversations around a policy topic; creating new networks, collaborations and partnerships between academics and policymakers; synthesising available evidence on a policy topic in a robust and accessible format; and providing timely access to evidence relevant to a policy issue. We recognise the limitations of measuring and evaluating how these Labs change policy in the long-term and recommend viewing the Policy Lab as part of a process for engaging evidence and policymaking and not an isolated activity. This process serves to build a coalition through participation of diverse communities (thereby establishing ‘trust’), work on the language and presentation of evidence (thereby enabling effective ‘translation’ of evidence) and engage policymakers early to respond when policy windows emerge (thereby taking into account ‘timing’ for creating policy action).
Identities and beliefs across time and space
Authors: Sung Chit Cheung Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a Hong Kong university student’s experiences of learning English as a second
language (L2) over a four-year period, with particular attention to the changes in her identities and beliefs across time and
space. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the study revealed that the student’s L2 identities appeared to be shaped by
specific contextual conditions and agentic choices made by the student in response to different contexts, including consultation
sessions with native English-speaking tutors, study abroad in the U.S., interactions with non-native English-speaking peers, and
classroom interactions. It was also found that her L2 identities and beliefs not only varied over time in a complex and dynamic
manner, but also appeared to be closely interconnected and interacted with each other in a reciprocal and bi-directional manner.
The case study points to the need to pay more attention to the complex and dynamic interrelationship between identity and belief
in L2 learning trajectories.
Geographic variation of voseo on Spanish Twitter
Authors: Bland Justin , Morgan Terrell A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study uses the social media platform Twitter to analyze geographic variation in the use of voseo throughout the Spanish-speaking world. It forms part of the first-ever voseo census (Morgan et al., 2017a, 2017b), which triangulates multiple sources to calculate the number of voseantes worldwide and to document their morphological and attitudinal preferences. We compiled a corpus of 32 million geocoded tweets, searched within it for ten linguistic variables – the pronoun vos and associated verbal morphology – and estimated usage rates by country. We found widespread voseo in the River Plate basin and Central America, but with important differences in rates of indicative, subjunctive, and imperative forms. We also address methodological questions in the use of big data for dialectological research.
The effect of grammatical person on subject pronoun expression in the oral narratives of Spanish second language learners
Authors: de Prada Pérez Ana , Feroce Nick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we offer a variationist analysis of Spanish L2 subject pronoun expression (SPE) in sociolinguistic interviews, comparing first (1sg) and third person singular (3sg) subjects. Variationist analyses of Spanish L2 SPE are rather scant, with important differences in the analyses of monolingual and bilingual Spanish. In this paper, we compare SPE in the speech of 15 L2ers and 5 native speakers (NSs), using a comparative variationist methodology. Our results indicate that the acquisition of overt subject rates is easier in 1sg than in 3sg while the acquisition of the variables that regulate the distribution is easier in 3sg than in 1sg. We explain these results based on the notion of markedness.
Public signage in a multilingual Caribbean enclave
Authors: Restrepo-Ramos Falcon D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study examines the linguistic landscape of the islands of Old Providence and Santa Catalina, Colombia, a language contact scenario. Over 700 pictures were geotagged in order to analyze the use and location of Spanish, Islander Creole, and English in public signage and to examine the factors that contribute to the distribution of these languages. The linguistic landscape analysis shows Islander Creole and English clustered into specific locations in these islands, where the community has made attempts to preserve their ancestral languages. Conversely, results show Spanish highly associated with businesses and local government in areas of financial and commercial importance. This study offers a description of the implicit language policies and the de facto language practices in islands where Spanish coexists with Creole languages.
No es tan simple como parece
Authors: Melero-García Fernando , Cisneros Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of duration on the perception of Spanish /ɾ/ and /r/. A total of 143 participants completed a questionnaire with 183 stimuli. The stimuli were Spanish words with one single intervocalic tap whose duration was manipulated. Participants listened to each stimulus once, selected the word they heard, and rated its pronunciation. The results suggest that the perception of /r/ significantly increases as duration increases. However, those stimuli identified as /r/ were not considered good exemplars of such category. The stimuli identified as /ɾ/ that had shorter duration were perceived as good instances of such category, but as duration increased, the ratings for /ɾ/ decreased. The phonological implications of these results are discussed in this article.
The acquisition of obligatory and variable mood selection in epistemic predicates by L2 learners and heritage speakers of Spanish
Authors: Lustres Eduardo , Cuza Alejandro , García-Tejada Aída 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study examines the extent to which L2 learners and HS of Spanish acquire target knowledge of subjunctive mood selection in Spanish. Specifically, we analyze obligatory and variable selection in temporal and concessive constructions. Ten HS of Spanish, ten English-speaking L2 learners and fifteen controls from Mexico completed a sentence completion task. Results indicate significant differences between the two experimental groups and the monolingual control group. The HS outperformed the L2 learners in three of the six conditions-tested. No significant differences were found between obligatory and variable subjunctive selection within the epistemic modality. Results suggest that the obligatory nature of mood selection does not play a role in the acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive within the epistemic modality.
Detecting a forced signal in satellite-era sea-level change
Authors: Richter Kristin , Meyssignac Benoit , Slangen Aimée B A , Melet Angélique , Church John A , Fettweis Xavier , Marzeion Ben , Agosta Cécile , Ligtenberg Stefan R M , Spada Giorgio , Palmer Matthew D , Roberts Christopher D , Champollion Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, we compare the spatial patterns of simulated geocentric sea-level change to observations from satellite altimetry over the period 1993–2015 to assess whether a forced signal is detectable. This is challenging, as on these time scales internal variability plays an important role and may dominate the observed spatial patterns of regional sea-level change. Model simulations of regional sea-level change associated with sterodynamic sea level, atmospheric loading, glacier mass change, and ice-sheet surface mass balance changes are combined with observations of groundwater depletion, reservoir storage, and dynamic ice-sheet mass changes. The resulting total geocentric regional sea-level change is then compared to independent measurements from satellite altimeter observations. The detectability of the climate-forced signal is assessed by comparing the model ensemble mean of the ‘historical’ simulations with the characteristics of sea-level variability in pre-industrial control simulations. To further minimize the impact of internal variability, zonal averages were produced. We find that, in all ocean basins, zonally averaged simulated sea-level changes are consistent with observations within sampling uncertainties associated with simulated internal variability of the sterodynamic component. Furthermore, the simulated zonally averaged sea-level change cannot be explained by internal variability alone—thus we conclude that the observations include a forced contribution that is detectable at basin scales.
Environmental impacts of extreme fast charging
Authors: Jenn Alan , Clark-Sutton Kyle , Gallaher Michael , Petrusa Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As electric vehicles and their associated charging infrastructure continue to evolve, there is potential to simultaneous alleviate range and recharge concerns with the development of extreme fast chargers (XFC) that can fully charge batteries in PEVs in the span of a few minutes. Recent announcements from EVSE providers and vehicle manufacturers suggest that XFC charging stations, which can recharge a BEV at roughly 20 to 25 miles per minute of charging, and XFC-capable BEVs, could be commercially available within the next 5 years. Our study investigates the potential emission impacts of widespread use of extreme fast charging (350 kW) for electric vehicles in 2030. We conduct a novel vehicle charging simulation model by combining empirical charging behavior data across several data sources. These charging demands are then added as exogenous load to the Grid Optimized Operation Dispatch (GOOD) model, which simulates the operation of generators across the Untied States. We find that XFC can increase both greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollutants, though the results are sensitive to local contexts and grid composition.