bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction on the Spatial Position of Maxillary Third Molars in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cone-bean Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Pan Fangwei , Yang Zhentao , Wang Jian , Liu Jialing , Zhang Chenghao , Liao Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in position, angulation, and rotation of maxillary third molars in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction using a space coordinate system based on Cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: Forty-nine maxillary third molars from 27 patients (mean age, 20.78 years) were included in the study. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment with premolars extracted (mean treatment duration, 31.47 months). The changes in the position, angulation, and rotation of the third molars were evaluated with a space coordinates system using four landmarks: anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), left and right orbitales. Results: After orthodontic treatment, the third molars moved forward (mean, 1.44 mm) (p < 0.001) and downward (mean, 2.87 mm) (p < 0.001) accompanied by outward rotation (mean, 5.38°) of the crown (p = 0.001), but the changes in angulation were insignificant.Conclusions: This was the first study to systematically investigate the spatial position change of maxillary third molars in adult patients who received orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. During the process, maxillary third molars moved downward and forward accompanied by outward rotation of the crown.
Impact of COVID-19 on UK Foundation Doctors: Training and Safety
Authors: Blackburn Ben , Ferryman James Thomas , Alattas Adla 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To survey Foundation doctors on support, training, and guidance received in relation to COVID-19 during the pandemic.Methods: A 24 question digital survey with a mix of open-ended, multiple-choice, and rating-scale questions was distributed to the 18 UK Foundation Schools. Questions established trainee demographics and the quantity of COVID-19 training received; with focused questions relating to personal safety and support for vulnerable individuals.Results: 714 doctors completed the survey; 55% in FY2, 43% in FY1, and 2% above FY2 level. 74% of respondents reported receiving no formal training on COVID-19. Mean confidence was 84% in diagnosing COVID-19, and 56% in managing it. 75% did not receive formal training on the requisite safety precautions for suspected COVID-19 cases. 67% had not been fit tested and 75% of those who failed their fit test were not provided with alternative equipment. 30 doctors reported being pregnant and none had received additional support regarding protective measures. 47 doctors reported being immunocompromised and 42 of them had received no additional support in view of their increased risk. 93% of doctors had not received definitive guidance regarding the impact of this on their ARCP sign-off and progression of training.Discussion: Alarming proportions of Foundation trainees are not currently being provided with formal training or support for their personal safety during the COVID-19 outbreak. This is remediable through the urgent implementation of formal COVID-19 training, standardised across NHS trusts to ensure a consistent standard of care for the protection of trainees and patients.
Outcome and Prognostic Features in Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Without Down Syndrome
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Aidong , Jia Yueping , Zuo Yingxi , Wu Jun , Zhang Leping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a biologically heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that originates from megakaryocytes. Despite improvements in the accuracy of diagnosing AMKL as well as increased amount of data available on this rare subtype, clear prognostic factors and treatment recommendations remain undefined.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 40 patients (age ≤18 years) with non–Down syndrome AMKL and assessed the effect of different prognostic factors on the outcomesResults: The complete remission (CR) rate of the patients was 57.9% and 81.1%, respectively, at the end of induction therapy Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate at 2 years was 41±13% and 41±10%, respectively. An analysis of the cytogenetic features showed that patients with +21 or hyperdiploid (＞50 chromosomes) had significantly better OS than those in other cytogenetic subgroups (Plog-rank=0.048 and Plog-rank=0.040, respectively). Besides cytogenetics, an excellent early treatment response (CR and minimal residual disease＜1% after induction therapy Ⅰ) also provided a significant survival benefit in univariate analysis in our study. However, multivariate analysis indicated that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was the only independent prognostic marker (RR=11.192; 95 % CI, 2.045-61.241; P=0.005 for OS and RR=5.400; 95 % CI, 1.635-17.832; P=0.006 for EFS, respectively). Conclusion: AMKL in patients with non-Down syndrome has a poor outcome and allo-HSCT may be a better option for post-remission therapy than conventional chemotherapy especially for those having a poor response to induction therapy.
Semiprone Position for Posterior Approaches to Acetabular fractures Allows Intuitive Radiographic Acquisition and Versatility for Surgical Hip Dislocation: A Technical Note and Preliminary Report
Authors: Lee Chia-Che , Chen I-Hsin , Tseng Tzu-Hao , Fu Shau-Huai , Wang Ting-Ming , Lin Wei-Hsin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the pros and cons of prone and decubitus positioning methods, for posterior approaches to acetabular fractures, have been widely discussed, it remains inconclusive whether a particular patient position is superior to the other. Here we present our preliminary experience with placing the patient in the semiprone position for posterior approaches to the acetabulum as a potentially advantageous alternative.MethodsTechnical notes were provided as well as the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative images of the demonstrative cases. From July 2018 to April 2020, eight selected patients with complex acetabular fractures were surgically treated through posterior approaches in semiprone position. Patient demographics, fracture pattern, poor prognostic factors and associated conditions were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was assessed by Modified Matta’s criteria. The operative hip’s function was evaluated by the Modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel score if follow-up was more than 3 months.Result:The Median age of our cohort was 48.55 years (24.3–70.6). The median body mass index was 23.90 kg/ m2 (17.6–26.4). Satisfactory reduction was achieved in 6 of the 8 patients. Intraoperative radiographs obtained by the standard vertical and horizontal projection of the C-arm machine resembled the classic Judet views. Trochanteric flip osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation were feasible. One hip was converted to total hip replacement 5 months after primary fracture surgery due to femoral head osteonecrosis.Conclusion:The preliminary radiographic and reduction quality of our cohort were comparable to those reported in the literature. The advantages of semiprone position include intuitive intraoperative radiographic acquisition, making gravity as a aid for reduction and feasibility of surgical hip dislocation. Long-term follow-up and further case-controlled or randomized controlled studies are necessary to uphold its value.
Indigenous Knowledge and Application of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Western Himalayas
Authors: Rawat Sushma , Nagar Bhuvnesh , Kumar Munesh , Kunwar Ripu , Pala Nazir A , Bhat Jahangeer , Panuli R M , Bussman Rainer W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In the modern era, the practice of herbal medicine for health care practices has been declining and may led to the loss of valuable information about plants used in traditional medicine from ancient times. The present study was aimed to document ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used by the inhabitants of Garhwal Himalaya for health care management in rural areas and can be base line for the contribution of drug discoveries for Pharmaceutical industries.Methods: A snowball sampling technique was employed to gather information using questionnaires and informal interviews followed by discussions with peer and prominent healer practitioners. Consensus factor (Fic) was used to test the homogeneity in ethnomedicinal knowledge of rural inhabitants. Fidelity level (FL), cultural importance index (CI) were computed for the people depends on plants. Results: A total of 88 medicinal plants species belonging to 45 families with 80 genera were reported for different ailments. The most frequent plant parts usage was from leaves followed by fruits, seeds, roots, bark, and flowers/buds. Skin problems were healed with the highest number of taxa (15 species) with Fic value 0.85. Maximum number of plant species (15 species.) was used for skin treatment followed by wound, cough and digestive problems.Conclusion: A significant relation of medicinal plants usage with distance (access time), and family income was observed. In the recommendation, it might have possibilities for the plants with higher FL and CI can contribute in discovery of new drugs after further pharmacological experiments.
Metabolomics Coupled with Integrated Approach Reveals the Therapeutic Effect of Higenamine Combined with [6]-Gingerol on Doxorubicin - Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Ma Xiao , Li Mingjie , Niu Ming , Huang Ying , Hao Junjie , Wang Ruilin , Li Ruisheng , Zhao Yanling , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The combination of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) is one of the most typical representatives reflecting the very essence of the theory of Chinese material medica compatibility, which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for many years. Previously, we demonstrated that ALRP-ZR prevented doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in vivo. However, its active components are still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of higenamine combined with [6]-gingerol (HG/[6]-GR) against doxorubicin (DOX) - induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats.Methods Therapeutic effects of HG/[6]-GR on hemodynamics indices, serum biochemical indicators, histopathology and TUNEL staining of rats were assessed. Moreover, a UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based serum metabolomic approach coupled with biochemical assay had been performed to identify the potential mechanisms of HG/[6]-GR on DOX-induced CHF. Results HG/[6]-GR had effects on promoting of hemodynamic indices, decreasing serum biochemical indicators, and alleviating histological damage of heart tissue. Serum metabolomics analyses indicated that the therapeutic effects of HG and [6]-GR were mainly associated with the regulation of eight metabolites and twelve pathways, which may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of HG/[6]-GR. Moreover, the results showed that HG/[6]-GR could substantially regulate the expression level of energy metabolism-related metabolites and pathways.Conclusions Multivariate statistical analysis has provided new insights for understanding CHF and investigating the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of HG/[6]-GR, which influencing the metabolites related to energy metabolism pathway via metabolomics.
Screening and Authentication of Key Genes and Prognostic Value Analysis in Oligodendroglial Tumors
Authors: Lv Zhonghua , Bao Bongbo , Liang Peng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence indicates that various functional genes with altered expression are involved in the human tumor progression. This study is aimed at identifying novel key genes that may be used for oligodendroglial tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Methods: This study included three expression proﬁles (GSE15824, GSE29796 and GSE108474) obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). GEO2R was used to analyze the diﬀerentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal samples and oligodendroglial tumor, including oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the identiﬁed DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gene, and hub genes were identiﬁed. ONCOMINE and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to verify the expression of the hub genes in oligodendroglial tumor tissues and the hub genes on the overall survival of oligodendroglial tumor patients. Results: A total of 128 DEGs were identiﬁed from the three expression proﬁles. These DEGs were enriched with functional processes and pathways related to oligodendroglial tumor pathogenesis. From the PPI network, five hub genes were identiﬁed. The expression of the five hub genes was all upregulated in oligodendroglial tumor tissues compared with the control tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high expression of cullin 3 (CUL3), cop9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8), cullin associated and neddylation dissociated 1 (CAND1), F-box protein 22 (FBXO22), and leucine rich repeat containing 41 (LRRC41) predicted poor overall survival in oligodendroglial tumor patients (all log-rank P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results revealed that the DEGs may serve as candidate key genes during oligodendroglial tumor pathogenesis. The five hub genes, including CUL3, COPS8, CAND1, FBXO22, and LRRC41, may serve as promising prognostic biomarkers in oligodendroglial tumor.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (Eras) Program for Elderly Patients With Short-level Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Qiang , Kong Chao , Teng Ze , Li Zhongen , Zhang Sitao , Sun Wenzhi , Feng Mingli , Lu Shibao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Degenerative disorders of the lumbar spinedecrease the mobility and quality of life of elderly patients.Lumbar fusion surgery is the primary methodof treating degenerative lumbar spine disorders; however, the surgical stress response associated with major surgery has been linked to pathophysiological changes in the elderly,resulting in undesirable postoperative morbidity, complications, pain, fatigue, and extended convalescence. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) significantly improvedsatisfaction and outcomes in elderly patients(>65 years old) with short-level lumbar fusion.Methods:A total of 192 patients were included, 96 in the ERAS group and 96 case-matched patients in the non-ERAS group.Data including demographic, comorbidity and surgical informationwere collected from electronic medical records. ERAS interventionswere categorisedas preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative. We also evaluated primary outcome,surgicalcomplication, length of stay (LOS), postoperative pain scores and 30-day readmissionrates.Results:There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in regards to demographics, comorbidities、American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade、or the number of fusion levels. There were also no differences between mean surgery time of intraoperative blood loss between the ERAS and non-ERAS groups. In addition, the mean preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score、Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for the back and legs and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were not significantly different between the two groups. Overall, ERAS pathway compliance was 92.1%. There were no significant differences inthe number of complicationsor themortality rates between the ERAS and non-ERAS groups. Furthermore, the mean postoperative JOA score、VAS for the back and legs,ODI and readmission ratesscore revealed no significant differencesbetween the groups at 30-day- follow-up point. However, we observed a statistically significant decrease in LOS in the ERAS group (12.30±3.03 of ERAS group versus 15.50±1.88 in non-ERAS group, p=0).Multivariable linear regression showed thatcomorbidities (p=0.023) and implementation of ERAS program (p=0.002) were correlated with prolonged LOS.Multivariable logistic regression showed that no characteristics were associated with complications.Conclusions:This report describes the first ERAS protocol used in elderly patients after short-level lumbar fusion surgery. Our ERAS program is safe and could help decreases LOS in elderly patients with short-level lumbar fusion.
Leprosy physical disabilities in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort
Authors: Sanchez Mauro Niskier , Nery Joilda Silva , Pescarini Júlia Moreira , Mendes André Alves , Ichihara Maria Yury , Teixeira Camila Silveira Silva , Penna Maria Lúcia Fernandes , Smeeth Liam , Rodrigues Laura Cunha , Barreto Maurício Lima , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Penna Gerson Oliveira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Leprosy continues to be an important cause of physical disability in endemic countries such as Brazil. Knowledge of determinants of these events may lead to better control measures, as targeted interventions may mitigate their impact on affected individuals. This study investigated such determinants among the most vulnerable portion of the Brazilian population.
Methods
A large cohort was built from secondary data originated from a national registry of applicants to social benefit programs, spanning the period 2001 to 2015 and including over 114 million individuals. Data were linked to the Leprosy disease notification system utilizing data from 2007 until 2014. Descriptive and bivariate analyses lead to the multivariate analysis using a multinomial logistic regression model with cluster-robust standard errors. Associations were reported as Odds Ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals
Results
21,565 new leprosy cases were identified among the original cohort members from the study period. Most of the cases (63.1%) had grade zero disability. Grades 1 and 2 represented 21 and 6%, respectively. Factors associated with increasing odds of grades 1 and 2 disability were age over 15 years old (ORs 2,39 and 1,95 respectively), having less schooling (with a clear dose response effect), being a multibacillary patient (ORs 3,5 and 8,22). Protective factors for both grades were being female (ORs 0,81 and 0,61) and living in a high incidence municipality (ORs 0,85 and 0,65).
Conclusions
Worse socioeconomic conditions might act as barriers to early diagnosis, which increases the risk of developing physical disabilities. Early diagnosis is paramount to decrease the incidence of leprosy-related disability, and our findings point to the need for strengthening these actions in non-endemic areas, where cases may be missed when presented at early stages in disease progression. In addition, data linkage proved to be useful in generating evidence for improving policy target at leprosy control in Brazil.
Norovirus GII.P16/GII.2 Strain in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Jin Miao , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Yanan , Yang Hong , Yao Xiangjie , Chen Long , Meng Jun , Hu Guifang , He Yaqing , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. From September 2015 through August 2018, 203 NoV outbreaks with 2,500 patients were reported to the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Methods

Fecal specimens were collected from the 203 outbreaks and epidemiological data were collected through the AGE outbreak surveillance system in Shenzhen. The genotypes were determined by sequencing analysis. To gain a better understanding of evolutionary characterization of NoV in Shenzhen, the molecular evolution was analyzed by time-scale evolutionary phylogeny and amino acid mutations.
Results

Most of these outbreaks were associated with NoV GII.P16/GII.2 strain (45.3%,92/203) and occurred in school settings (91.6%,186/203). The timescale phylogeny suggested that the GII.P16/GII.2 strain was recombination strain and were still stable. The amino acid mutations suggested that the nonstructural proteins of the recombination strain might play a more significant role than VP1 gene in these GII.P16/GII.2 recombination strain outbreaks.
Conclusions

This study illustrated the characteristics of the molecular epidemiological patterns in Shenzhen, China during September 2015 to August 2018 and provided the evidence that the GII.P16/GII.2 strain was static and the epidemic trend had fade.
Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review
Authors: Raybould Jodie , Larkin Michael , Tunney Richard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in February 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: 56 studies published between 1994 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours.Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.
Efficient and customizable WebGIS system based on edge computing
Authors: he honglei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
WebGIS currently has a wide range of application requirements and can generate greater economic value. Therefore, there are many units that need to build their own WebGIS system. At present, the way to build a system is usually to purchase professional software and hire professionals to complete the development. Such a construction method requires a high cost, and many of the WebGIS system applications are the same or similar, and repeated construction is also a waste of resources. In order to solve this problem, a WebGIS system based on edge computing is proposed. Comprehensive use of SAAS mode and edge computing methods to solve the needs of users can customize the system. And the system load is reasonably distributed between the server and the browser, which improves the performance of the system. In addition, the system uses edge computing to share map tiles among WebGIS users, reducing the pressure on the server and increasing the speed of use of the WebGIS system. Therefore, the WebGIS system based on edge computing can not only be personalized and customized, but also has good usability and can deal with a large number of visits. After experimental verification, in the case of more than 5 concurrent user requests per second, the system response speed increased by more than 38.6%.