bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Metabolomic Profile Because of Gestational Diabetes and its Treatment Mode in Women with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Mokkala Kati , Vahlberg Tero , Houttu Noora , Koivuniemi Ella , Laitinen Kirsi 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWhether the presence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and its treatment mode influence the serum metabolic profile in women with overweight or obesity was studied.MethodsThe serum metabolic profiles of 352 women with overweight or obesity participating in a mother‐infant clinical study were analyzed with a targeted NMR approach (at 35.1 median gestational weeks). GDM was diagnosed with a 2‐hour 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsThe metabolomic profile of the women with GDM (n = 100) deviated from that of women without GDM (n = 252). Differences were seen in 70 lipid variables, particularly higher concentrations of very low‐density lipoprotein particles and serum triglycerides were related to GDM. Furthermore, levels of branched‐chain amino acids and glycoprotein acetylation, a marker of low‐grade inflammation, were higher in women with GDM. Compared with women with GDM treated with diet only, the women treated with medication (n = 19) had higher concentrations of severalizes of VLDL particles and their components, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as glycoprotein acetylation.ConclusionsA clearly distinct metabolic profile was detected in GDM, which deviated even more if the patient was receiving medical treatment. This suggests a need for more intense follow‐up and therapy for women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum to reduce their long‐term adverse health risks.
Defining palliative opportunities in pediatric patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Ebelhar Jonathan , Allen Kristen , DeGroote Nicholas , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Brock Katharine E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients with sarcomas experience significant morbidity and compromised quality of life throughout their course. These times could be viewed as opportunities for increased subspecialty palliative care (PC). Systematically defining opportunities for additional PC support has not occurred in pediatric oncology. The frequency, timing, and associated factors for palliative opportunities in pediatric patients with sarcomas are unknown.MethodsA priori, nine palliative opportunities were defined (disease progression or relapse, admission for symptoms, social concerns or end‐of‐life, intensive care or bone marrow transplant admission, phase 1 trial or hospice enrollment, do‐not‐resuscitate status). A single‐center retrospective review was conducted on patients aged 0‐18 years with bone/soft tissue sarcomas who died from January 1, 2012 to November 30, 2017. Demographic, disease, and treatment data were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed. Opportunities were evaluated over quartiles from diagnosis to death.ResultsPatients (n = 60) had a mean of nine (SD = 4) palliative opportunities with the majority occurring in the last quartile of the disease course. Number and type of opportunities did not differ by demographics or diagnosis. Eighteen patients (30%) received PC consultation a median of 2.2 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11.5) prior to death. Consultation was unrelated to diagnosis or total opportunities.ConclusionsPatients with sarcomas incur repeated events warranting subspecialty PC, which increase toward the end‐of‐life. Increased PC utilization may help decrease suffering and bolster family coping during these episodes. Additional work should further refine if opportunities differ across cancers, and how to incorporate this framework into clinical oncology care to prevent missed opportunities for PC.
Outcomes with nondose‐dense chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma: A practical approach for the developing world
Authors: Parambil Badira Cheriyalinkal , Vora Tushar , Sankaran Hari , Prasad Maya , Bakshi Asish , Puri Ajay , Gulia Ashish , Qureshi Sajid , Laskar Siddhartha , Khanna Nehal , Shah Sneha , Ramadwar Mukta , Kembhavi Seema , Chinnaswamy Girish , Banavali Shripad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma has improved cure rates, with contemporary dose‐dense chemotherapy attaining 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) of 73% in localized cases. Dose‐intense and dose‐dense chemotherapy is difficult in the majority of resource‐limited settings with limited access to optimal supportive care. We report on patients with Ewing sarcoma treated on EFT‐2001, a nondose‐dense chemotherapy protocol.ProcedureA retrospective analysis was conducted of patients (<15 years) with Ewing sarcoma treated with curative intent during January 2013‐June 2017 with an institutional ethics committee‐approved nondose‐dense protocol (EFT‐2001). Local therapy was planned after 9‐12 weeks of chemotherapy with metastatic sites addressed with radiotherapy. The study assessed outcomes and prognostic factors.ResultsWe analysed 200 patients with M:F ratio of 1.27:1 and metastases in 41 patients (20.5%). At a median follow up of 41.5 months (range 4.5‐81.8 months), respective 3‐year EFS and overall survival (OS) of the whole cohort is 65.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.1‐71.7%) and 79.3% (95% CI: 72.8‐84.5%); for localized and metastatic cohort, 70.9% (95% CI: 62.9‐77.5%) and 82.8% (95% CI: 75.7‐89.0%); and for metastatic cohort, 42.8% (95% CI: 28.0‐58.6%) and 65.3% (95% CI: 47.7‐78.3%). Presence of residual disease (morphologic/metabolic) on positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scan done 3 months post definitive radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 7.92 [95% CI: 3.46‐18.14]) and delay in any form of local control >4 months (HR 3.42 [95% CI: 1.32‐8.89]) affected outcomes. Nonrelapse mortality during treatment was 6.5%, mainly due to cardiomyopathy (3.0%) and bacterial sepsis (1.5%). Cardiotoxicity was seen in 11.5% of patients.ConclusionsNondose‐dense chemotherapy provides good outcomes with manageable toxicities in a multidisciplinary treatment approach, while reducing cumulative drug exposures in the developing world where dose‐intense or dose‐dense chemotherapy could potentially increase toxicity, and hence seems a feasible approach in resource‐limited settings. Presence of any residual disease post definitive radiotherapy or delay in local control portends poor outcome.
In vitro degradation of self‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) with beta‐tricalcium phosphate composite prepared by equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Li Hong , Xue Feng , Bai Jing , Bai Xiaomin , Ye Wei , Zhang Linna , He Qingsong , Ju Jia , Ding Hongyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) are biodegradable biomaterials that can be used in the field of bone fixation. This article aims to investigate the effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the mechanical property, physical properties and in vitro degradation behaviors of PLA/β‐TCP (0, 10, and 20 wt%) composites. The bending strength of PLA, PLA/10TCP, and PLA/20TCP composites processed by ECAP were 158, 154, and 137 MPa, respectively, which is higher than its initial samples by 62.8%, 32.7%, and 55.6%. The degradation experiment was carried out in Sorensen's phosphate‐buffered solution at 37°C for 24 weeks. The weight loss rate of PLA/β‐TCP composites processed by ECAP increased fastly but its mechanical property decreased slowly in contrast with hot‐pressed samples. With the degradation proceeding, the existence of β‐TCP resulted in the formation of whisker‐like hydroxyapatite on the surface of PLA/10TCP and PLA/20TCP composites. The oriented fiber structure of PLA matrix disappeared and its internal structure became loose after soaking for 24 weeks. The fiber structure of the PLA/β‐TCP composites formed in the process of ECAP not only increased the initial strength and the degradation rate, but also maintained the mechanical property of the samples in the degradation process. In the meanwhile, the existence of β‐TCP could inhibit the degradation of PLA matrix composites. This study on the in vitro degradation of self‐reinforced PLA/β‐TCP composites prepared by ECAP will provide theoretical support for the development of bone fixation.
Effect of morphology and particle size of bismuth ferrite filler on the surface insulation of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Shao Shuai , Tian Yi , Zhou Huahao , Song Yanze , Lian Hongliang , Wu Han , Duan Qijun , Xie Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe morphology and particle size of nanofillers have specific effects on their micro‐distribution parameters in the polymer matrix and macro‐properties of composites. In this study, bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BFO) with different particle sizes were prepared by the sol‐gel route, and bismuth ferrite nanofibers (fBFO) were synthesized by electrospinning method, then were blended with epoxy resin as a filler to prepare the epoxy composites with multiple filler concentrations. The morphology and crystal structure of the filler were characterized by SEM and XRD. The effect of filler morphology and particle size on the surface insulation of composites was studied. We found that fBFO nanofibers have better dispersion in epoxy matrix, and fBFO/EP composites have more excellent surface insulation properties. Meanwhile, as the particle size of the filler increases, the flashover voltages of the BFO/EP composites increase. Finally, the simulation model of electric field inside EP composites were established and the trap distribution was calculated by isothermal surface potential decay method. The influence mechanism of filler morphology and particle size on the surface insulation properties of EP composites was further analyzed. BFO particles and nanofibers as fillers blended with epoxy resin have a great engineering application potential.
Breaking down buy‐in: Can lessons from social psychology increase teacher use of proactive behavior management?
Authors: Robertson Rachel E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisruptive student behavior poses significant challenges for teachers and is associated with negative student outcomes. Research shows that teacher use of empirically‐based proactive behavior management (PBM) can improve student outcomes; however, research also indicates that teacher use of PBM is low. One prominent factor in teacher use of PBM is “buy‐in,” or personal interest, agreement, and investment in the implementation of a practice. When teachers buy in to an intervention, they may be more likely to implement and maintain the intervention with fidelity. Yet, there is little empirically‐based understanding of buy‐in or strategies known to increase the buy‐in of school staff. The purpose of this paper is to describe research from social psychology that may be useful in developing a theoretical framework for buy‐in, as well as approaches to increasing teacher buy‐in and use of PBM. Implications for incorporating strategies from social psychology into teacher professional development to increase buy‐in and use of PBM are discussed.
Boron‐Doped Ni‐Ru Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as Effective Electrocatalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Gubert Sonia Theres , Guruviah Velayutham , Kannan Shanthi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTernary hybrid catalyst, composed of boron‐doped Ni species/Ru species/nitrogen‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon (catalyst/co‐catalyst/scaffold), was comprehensively analyzed for effective methanol electro‐oxidation. Five catalysts with different compositions of Ni : Ru, were synthesized and characterized to analyze phase formation and purity (XRD), surface morphology (SEM), elemental deposition and composition (EDX), reduction in surface area of scaffold after metal deposition (N2 sorption), metal dispersion (TEM) and chemical functionality (XPS). Cumulative analysis of the results obtained from Cyclic Voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance and Chromoamperometry techniques unequivocally indicated the promotional effect in the activity of the catalyst on the addition of the co‐catalyst; however, there exists a limiting factor for the extent of the addition of the co‐catalyst to the catalyst, beyond which the electrocatalytic activity declines. The highest current density, lowest onset potential along with appreciable two‐hour stability were recorded when the two metal components (Ni and Ru) were mixed in 1 : 1 wt % ratio (1Ni1Ru/N‐OMC).
Star‐Shaped Phenylene BODIPY: Synthesis, Properties and Biocompatibility Assessment Using Zebrafish
Authors: Mahanta Chandra Sekhara , Aparna Sai , Das Saroj Kumar , Jena Bibhuti Bhusan , Swain Biswa Ranjan , Patri Manorama , Dash Barada P. , Satapathy Rashmirekha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA C3‐symmetrical star‐shaped phenylene core based borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) has been synthesized and its toxicity and biocompatibility has been evaluated using a vertebrate model, zebrafish. The BODIPY has been found to absorb and emit in solution and solid state between 450 nm‐700 nm. It has been found to be non toxic in adult zebrafish model up to concentration 100 mg/L. The neurobehavioral alterations and bioimaging properties of the BODIPY in zebrafish adults and embryos have also been investigated. The dose‐response study of BODIPY 6 was carried out by light and dark preference test (LDPT) and novel tank diving test (NTDT) to observe behavioral alteration in adult zebrafish. The LDPT showed that time spent in light zone and number of transition to light zone rose up to administration of 6.8 mg/L BODIPY where as latency towards light zone remarkably decreased at concentration 6.8 mg/L. The NTDT test followed similar trend and the number of transitions and time spent in top zone increased in accordance to BODIPY treatment concentration where as latency towards top zone decreased gradually. The phenylene BODIPY was accumulated into and bound to different parts of zebrafish larvae. Our results indicate that the star shaped phenylene cored compound containing multiple BODIPY moieties exhibits no toxicity and also shows good biocompatibility and biodistribution in zebrafish and thus it may find promising biological applications.
Transparent and Self‐Cleaning Surfaces Based on Nanocomposite Sol‐Gel Coatings
Authors: Boutamart Mustapha , Briche Samir , Nouneh Khalid , Rafqah Salah , Agzenai Yahya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, transparent anti‐fogging and self‐cleaning nanocomposite coatings based on sponge‐like TiO2−SiO2 nanoparticles on glass substrate were prepared through the sol‐gel process, by using spin‐coating and spray gun techniques to coat small and large glass surfaces. The effect of annealing temperature on the morphology, wettability, UV–Vis transmittance, refractive index, thickness, photocatalytic degradation rate and the anti‐fouling effect was studied in detail. Indeed, the self‐cleaning properties of the nanocomposite coatings were evaluated as efficient by both photocatalytic degradation of orange G (OG) dye under natural sunlight irradiation and water contact angle (WCA) method under atmospheric out‐door conditions. It should be noted that the optical transmission of nanocomposite coatings remains important (85–87 %) compared to the ordinary glass (92 %) with lower haze value, which confirms their clear optical appearance. The nanocomposite coatings rendered the glass substrate hydrophilic with a WCA value that not exceeding 12° after fifteen weeks of out‐door exposure. Photocatalytic degradation rate relative to OG up to 7.9 % were achieved for the nanocomposite coating annealed at 500 °C after 8 hours of sunlight exposition. The soil attachment test reveal that nanocomposite coatings prevent the accumulation of soil particles and has an excellent anti‐fouling and anti‐fogging properties. These findings indicated that the TiO2‐SiO2 nanocomposite coatings could be a very attractive solution for many practical areas (environment, energy and building sectors) especially for outdoor applications.
Thermal Responsive Photonic Crystal Achieved through the Control of Light Path Guided by Phase Transition
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Zhang Shufen , Meng Yao , Tang Bingtao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResponsive photonic crystal is widely considered in the field of anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption because of their structural color changes caused by external stimulation. However, the response signal is usually achieved by adjusting the periodic lattice constant based on Bragg's law with volume changes. Thus, it is a great challenge to achieve the response of photonic crystals by non‐array parameter control. Herein, novel thermal responsive photonic crystal (TRPC) with low angle dependent structural color is fabricated by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) into the structure of low angle dependent SnO2 inverse opal. The response is achieved through the control of light path guided by phase transition and the significant volume change caused by the change of traditional array parameters can be effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the low angle dependent structural color of TRPC can effectively reduce the interference of observation angle change to response signal caused by external thermal stimulation. Patterned responsive photonic crystals with temperature gradient response are easily obtained by combining confinement self‐assembly and direct template method, and the patterns can be presented and hidden by the control of light path, showing great potential in anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption fields.
One Cell, One Drop, One Click: Hybrid Microfluidics for Mammalian Single Cell Isolation
Authors: Samlali Kenza , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Quach Angela B. V. , Soffer Guy , Shih Steve C. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenerating a stable knockout cell line is a complex process that can take several months to complete. In this work, a microfluidic method that is capable of isolating single cells in droplets, selecting successful edited clones, and expansion of these isoclones is introduced. Using a hybrid microfluidics method, droplets in channels can be individually addressed using a co‐planar electrode system. In the hybrid microfluidics device, it is shown that single cells can be trapped and subsequently encapsulate them on demand into pL‐sized droplets. Furthermore, droplets containing single cells are either released, kept in the traps, or merged with other droplets by the application of an electric potential to the electrodes that is actuated through an in‐house user interface. This high precision control is used to successfully sort and recover single isoclones to establish monoclonal cell lines, which is demonstrated with a heterozygous NCI‐H1299 lung squamous cell population resulting from loss‐of‐function eGFP and RAF1 gene knockout transfections.
Redundancy, Noisy Signaling, and Semantic inflation: Studying the Patterns of Self‐Destruction in Complex Systems
Authors: Junge Kay , Postoutenko Kirill 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcross the natural and social world, some fairly advanced and apparently robust systems destroy themselves without discernible reason, function, or purpose. Whereas such and similar cases have been discussed within specific branches of scholarships, the attempts to propose and test a general theory of self‐destruction in complex systems remain, to our knowledge, a thing of the future. To move in this direction, we suggest that the conflicts between explicit stratification, thorough functional differentiation and tacit segmentation within complex systems, are likely to provoke their unintended self‐annihilation. Furthermore, we hypothesize that whenever such systems collapse, it is the circular co‐dependency of noisy signaling, redundancy, and semantic inflation that sets self‐destructive mechanisms in motion. We illustrate our preliminary findings with examples from social, natural, and artificial life; reexamine autoimmunity as a popular model of systemic self‐destruction; and indicate potential avenues of empirical research aimed at supporting, qualifying or disproving the underlying hypothesis.
Concrete compressive strength: From material characterization to a structural value
Authors: Moccia Francesco , Yu Qianhui , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe compressive resistance of concrete in new structures is usually characterized on the basis of tests performed on concrete cylinders or cubes under relatively rapid loading conditions. Although efficient for material characterization, these tests do not acknowledge a number of phenomena potentially influencing the compressive resistance of concrete in actual structures. For this reason, when performing a structural analysis, strength reduction factors are usually considered in codes of practice modifying the uniaxial strength of material tests. In this paper, a detailed investigation of the influence of material brittleness and internal stress redistributions on the structural response of reinforced concrete members is presented. This work is based on a number of theoretical considerations and supported by the experimental results of more than 400 reinforced concrete columns tested with or without eccentricity and gathered from the literature. The results show the pertinence of considering a brittleness factor in the calculation of the structural resistance of reinforced concrete columns and compression zones of beams. The results of this work are eventually formulated in terms of code‐like proposals, currently considered in the draft of the new Eurocode 2 (prEN 1992‐1‐1:2018).
Compact portable multiphoton microscopy reveals histopathological hallmarks of unprocessed lung tumor tissue in real time
Authors: van Huizen Laura M. G. , Radonic Teodora , van Mourik Frank , Seinstra Danielle , Dickhoff Chris , Daniels Johannes M. A. , Bahce Idris , Annema Jouke T. , Groot Marie Louise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring lung cancer operations a rapid and reliable assessment of tumor tissue can reduce operation time and potentially improve patient outcomes. We show that third harmonic generation (THG), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two‐photon excited autofluorescence (2PEF) microscopy reveals relevant, histopathological information within seconds in fresh unprocessed human lung samples. We used a compact, portable microscope and recorded images within 1 to 3 seconds using a power of 5 mW. The generated THG/SHG/2PEF images of tumorous and nontumorous tissues are compared with the corresponding standard histology images, to identify alveolar structures and histopathological hallmarks. Cellular structures (tumor cells, macrophages and lymphocytes) (THG), collagen (SHG) and elastin (2PEF) are differentiated and allowed for rapid identification of carcinoid with solid growth pattern, minimally enlarged monomorphic cell nuclei with salt‐and‐pepper chromatin pattern, and adenocarcinoma with lipidic and micropapillary growth patterns. THG/SHG/2PEF imaging is thus a promising tool for clinical intraoperative assessment of lung tumor tissue.