bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis reveals differentially expressed genes among distinct subtypes of diffuse astrocytic gliomas: diagnostic implications
Authors: González-García Nerea , Nieto-Librero Ana Belén , Vital Ana Luisa , Tao Herminio José , González-Tablas María , Otero Álvaro , Galindo-Villardón Purificación , Orfao Alberto , Tabernero María Dolores 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiagnosis and classification of gliomas mostly relies on histopathology and a few genetic markers. Here we interrogated microarray gene expression profiles (GEP) of 268 diffuse astrocytic gliomas—33 diffuse astrocytomas (DA), 52 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 183 primary glioblastoma (GBM)—based on multivariate analysis, to identify discriminatory GEP that might support precise histopathological tumor stratification, particularly among inconclusive cases with II–III grade diagnosed, which have different prognosis and treatment strategies. Microarrays based GEP was analyzed on 155 diffuse astrocytic gliomas (discovery cohort) and validated in another 113 tumors (validation set) via sequential univariate analysis (pairwise comparison) for discriminatory gene selection, followed by nonnegative matrix factorization and canonical biplot for identification of discriminatory GEP among the distinct histological tumor subtypes. GEP data analysis identified a set of 27 genes capable of differentiating among distinct subtypes of gliomas that might support current histological classification. DA + AA showed similar molecular profiles with only a few discriminatory genes overexpressed (FSTL5 and SFRP2) and underexpressed (XIST, TOP2A and SHOX2) in DA vs AA and GBM. Compared to DA + AA, GBM displayed underexpression of ETNPPL, SH3GL2, GABRG2, SPX, DPP10, GABRB2 and CNTN3 and overexpression of CHI3L1, IGFBP3, COL1A1 and VEGFA, among other differentially expressed genes.
Complex study of air pollution in electroplating workshop
Authors: Kirichenko K. Yu. , Vakhniuk I. A. , Ivanov V. V. , Tarasenko I. A. , Kosyanov D. Yu. , Medvedev S. A. , Soparev V. P. , Drozd V. A. , Kholodov A. S. , Golokhvast K. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of the state of air inside an industrial workshop with electroplating production was carried out. The data of quantitative distribution of suspended particles by size fractions (PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, PM3, PM5, PM10) are presented for 15 main processes of electroplating. Morphometric and chemical composition of the surface of particles were studied. We observed particles of rounded shape, various agglomerates with complex geometric shapes, acute-angular particles, which when inhaled pose a maximum threat to human health. Chemical analysis of these particles showed an absolute predominance of oxides of non-ferrous metals, the percentage of which varied depending on the type of electroplating bath. The content of highly hazardous substances of the 1st (Zn, Pb, and Cd) and the 2nd (Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, and Mo) hazard classes in each sample was recorded.
Silencing miR-370-3p rescues funny current and sinus node function in heart failure
Authors: Yanni Joseph , D’Souza Alicia , Wang Yanwen , Li Ning , Hansen Brian J. , Zakharkin Stanislav O. , Smith Matthew , Hayward Christina , Whitson Bryan A. , Mohler Peter J. , Janssen Paul M. L. , Zeef Leo , Choudhury Moinuddin , Zi Min , Cai Xue , Logantha Sunil Jit R. J. , Nakao Shu , Atkinson Andrew , Petkova Maria , Doris Ursula , Ariyaratnam Jonathan , Cartwright Elizabeth J. , Griffiths-Jones Sam , Hart George , Fedorov Vadim V. , Oceandy Delvac , Dobrzynski Halina , Boyett Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBradyarrhythmias are an important cause of mortality in heart failure and previous studies indicate a mechanistic role for electrical remodelling of the key pacemaking ion channel HCN4 in this process. Here we show that, in a mouse model of heart failure in which there is sinus bradycardia, there is upregulation of a microRNA (miR-370-3p), downregulation of the pacemaker ion channel, HCN4, and downregulation of the corresponding ionic current,If, in the sinus node. In vitro, exogenous miR-370-3p inhibits HCN4 mRNA and causes downregulation of HCN4 protein, downregulation ofIf, and bradycardia in the isolated sinus node. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of an antimiR to miR-370-3p into heart failure mice silences miR-370-3p and restores HCN4 mRNA and protein andIfin the sinus node and blunts the sinus bradycardia. In addition, it partially restores ventricular function and reduces mortality. This represents a novel approach to heart failure treatment.
Video-based evaluation of infant crawling toward quantitative assessment of motor development
Authors: Kawashima Katsuaki , Funabiki Yasuko , Ogawa Shino , Hayashi Hideaki , Soh Zu , Furui Akira , Sato Ayumi , Shiwa Taiko , Mori Hiroki , Shimatani Koji , Mogami Haruta , Konishi Yukuo , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a quantitative evaluation support system for infant motor development and uses the system to analyze hands-and-knees creeping and belly crawling. This system measures movements using two video cameras and extracts movement features via background and inter-frame subtractions of original images. Eight evaluation indices for each crawling cycle are calculated, enabling markerless movement analysis of infants. Cross-sectional analysis of 16 10-month-olds confirmed significant differences between hands-and-knees creeping and belly crawling in five of the eight indices, demonstrating the system capability to quantitatively differentiate between creeping and crawling. Longitudinal analysis of one infant (aged 7–10 months) also suggested that the proposed quantitative indices can follow changes in crawling characteristics and evaluate infants’ motor development process. The results from the experiments suggest that the proposed system may enable diagnosis support in clinical practice.
Doxorubicin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles for glioblastoma therapy: a combinational approach for enhanced delivery of nanoparticles
Authors: Norouzi Mohammad , Yathindranath Vinith , Thliveris James A. , Kopec Brian M. , Siahaan Teruna J. , Miller Donald W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-cancer drug with cytotoxicity in a variety of different tumors, its effectiveness in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is constrained by insufficient penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) stabilized with trimethoxysilylpropyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid (EDT) were developed as a carrier of DOX for GBM chemotherapy. The DOX-loaded EDT-IONPs (DOX-EDT-IONPs) released DOX within 4 days with the capability of an accelerated release in acidic microenvironments. The DOX-loaded EDT-IONPs (DOX-EDT-IONPs) demonstrated an efficient uptake in mouse brain-derived microvessel endothelial, bEnd.3, Madin–Darby canine kidney transfected with multi-drug resistant protein 1 (MDCK-MDR1), and human U251 GBM cells. The DOX-EDT-IONPs could augment DOX’s uptake in U251 cells by 2.8-fold and significantly inhibited U251 cell proliferation. Moreover, the DOX-EDT-IONPs were found to be effective in apoptotic-induced GBM cell death (over 90%) within 48 h of treatment. Gene expression studies revealed a significant downregulation of TOP II and Ku70, crucial enzymes for DNA repair and replication, as well as MiR-155 oncogene, concomitant with an upregulation of caspase 3 and tumor suppressors i.e., p53, MEG3 and GAS5, in U251 cells upon treatment with DOX-EDT-IONPs. An in vitro MDCK-MDR1-GBM co-culture model was used to assess the BBB permeability and anti-tumor activity of the DOX-EDT-IONPs and DOX treatments. While DOX-EDT-IONP showed improved permeability of DOX across MDCK-MDR1 monolayers compared to DOX alone, cytotoxicity in U251 cells was similar in both treatment groups. Using a cadherin binding peptide (ADTC5) to transiently open tight junctions, in combination with an external magnetic field, significantly enhanced both DOX-EDT-IONP permeability and cytotoxicity in the MDCK-MDR1-GBM co-culture model. Therefore, the combination of magnetic enhanced convective diffusion and the cadherin binding peptide for transiently opening the BBB tight junctions are expected to enhance the efficacy of GBM chemotherapy using the DOX-EDT-IONPs. In general, the developed approach enables the chemotherapeutic to overcome both BBB and multidrug resistance (MDR) glioma cells while providing site-specific magnetic targeting.
Tensile force-induced PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signals in periodontal ligament fibroblasts activate JAK2/STAT3 for orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Jin Yuqin , Ding Liang , Ding Zhuang , Fu Yong , Song Yuxian , Jing Yue , Li Qiang , Zhang Jianyun , Ni Yanhong , Hu Qingang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrthodontic force-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation at tension side play a pivotal role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a clinically proven growth factor during bone regeneration process with unclear mechanisms. Fibroblasts in periodontal ligament (PDL) are considered to be mechanosensitive under orthodontic force. Thus, we established OTM model to investigate the correlation between PDGF-BB and fibroblasts during bone regeneration at tension side. We confirmed that tensile force stimulated PDL cells to induce osteogenic differentiation via Runx-2, OCN up-regulation, and to accelerate new bone deposition along the periodontium and the alveolar bone interface. Interestingly, PDGF-BB level was remarkably enhanced at tension side during OTM in parallel with up-regulated PDGFRβ+/α-SMA+ fibroblasts in PDL by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, orthodontic force-treated primary fibroblasts from PDL were isolated and, cultured in vitro, which showed similar morphology and phenotype with control fibroblasts without OTM treatment. PDGFRβ expression was confirmed to be increased in orthodontic force-treated fibroblasts by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis identified that PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signals were relevant to the activation of JAK/STAT3 signals. The protein expression of JAK2 and STAT3 was elevated in PDL of tension side. Importantly, in vivo, the treatment of the inhibitors (imatinib and AG490) for PDGFRβ and JAK–STAT signals were capable of attenuating the tooth movement. The osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration in tension side were down-regulated upon the treatment of inhibitors during OTM. Meanwhile, the expressions of PDGFRβ, JAK2 and STAT3 were inhibited by imatinib and AG490. Thus, we concluded that tensile force-induced PDGF-BB activated JAK2/STAT3 signals in PDGFRβ+ fibroblasts in bone formation during OTM.
Formation and characterization of lipid droplets of the bovine corpus luteum
Authors: Talbott Heather A. , Plewes Michele R. , Krause Crystal , Hou Xiaoying , Zhang Pan , Rizzo William B. , Wood Jennifer R. , Cupp Andrea S. , Davis John S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstablishment and maintenance of pregnancy depends on progesterone synthesized by luteal tissue in the ovary. Our objective was to identify the characteristics of lipid droplets (LDs) in ovarian steroidogenic cells. We hypothesized that LDs are a major feature of steroidogenic luteal cells and store cholesteryl esters. Whole bovine tissues, isolated ovarian steroidogenic cells (granulosa, theca, small luteal, and large luteal), and isolated luteal LDs were assessed for LD content, LD-associated proteins and lipid analyses. Bovine luteal tissue contained abundant lipid droplets, LD-associated perilipins 2/3/5, hormone-sensitive lipase, and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5. Luteal tissue was enriched in triglycerides (TGs) compared to other tissues, except for adipose tissue. Luteal cells were distinguishable from follicular cells by the presence of LDs, LD-associated proteins, and increased TGs. Furthermore, LDs from large luteal cells were numerous and small; whereas, LDs from small luteal cells were large and less numerous. Isolated LDs contained nearly all of the TGs and cholesteryl esters present in luteal tissue. Isolated luteal LDs were composed primarily of TG, with lesser amounts of cholesteryl esters, diglyceride and other phospholipids. Bovine luteal LDs are distinct from LDs in other bovine tissues, including follicular steroidogenic cells.
Noninvasive, simultaneous, and continuous measurements of stroke volume and tidal volume using EIT: feasibility study of animal experiments
Authors: Jang Geuk Young , Jeong You Jeong , Zhang Tingting , Oh Tong In , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Chung Chi Ryang , Suh Gee Young , Woo Eung Je 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, there is no noninvasive method available for simultaneous measurements of tidal volume and stroke volume. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used for regional lung ventilation imaging. Cardiac EIT imaging, however, has not been successful due to the technical difficulty in extracting weak cardiogenic components. Instead of regional imaging, in this paper, we use the EIT technique to simultaneously measure two global variables of tidal volume and stroke volume. Time-varying patterns of boundary voltage data originating from lung ventilation and cardiac blood flow were extracted from measured boundary voltage data using the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). The source consistency theory was adopted to separately synthesize time-series of boundary voltage data associated with lung ventilation and cardiac blood flow. The respiratory volume signal (RVS) and cardiac volume signal (CVS) were extracted from reconstructed time-difference EIT images of lung ventilation and cardiac blood flow, respectively. After calibrating the volume signals using the mechanical ventilator and the invasive transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) method, tidal volume and stroke volume were computed as valley-to-peak values of the RVS and CVS, respectively. The difference in the tidal volume data between EIT and mechanical ventilator was within ± 20 ml from six pigs. The difference in the stroke volume data between EIT and TPTD was within ± 4.7 ml from the same animals. The results show the feasibility of the proposed method as a new noninvasive cardiopulmonary monitoring tool for simultaneous continuous measurements of stroke volume and tidal volume that are two most important vital signs.
Regional transcriptome analysis of AMPA and GABAA receptor subunit expression generates E/I signatures of the human brain
Authors: Shen Kevin , Zeppillo Tommaso , Limon Agenor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTheoretical and experimental work has demonstrated that excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) currents within cortical circuits stabilize to a balanced state. This E/I balance, observed from single neuron to network levels, has a fundamental role in proper brain function and its impairment has been linked to numerous brain disorders. Over recent years, large amount of microarray and RNA-Sequencing datasets have been collected, however few studies have made use of these resources for exploring the balance of global gene expression levels between excitatory AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and inhibitory GABAA receptors. Here, we analyzed the relative relationships between these receptors to generate a basic transcriptional marker of E/I ratio. Using publicly available data from the Allen Brain Institute, we generated whole brain and regional signatures of AMPAR subunit gene expression in healthy human brains as well as the transcriptional E/I (tE/I) ratio. Then we refined the tE/I ratio to cell-type signatures in the mouse brain using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Lastly, we applied our workflow to developmental data from the Allen Brain Institute and revealed spatially and temporally controlled changes in the tE/I ratio during the embryonic and early postnatal stages that ultimately lead to the tE/I balance in adults.
MD dating: molecular decay (MD) in pinewood as a dating method
Authors: Tintner J. , Spangl B. , Grabner M. , Helama S. , Timonen M. , Kirchhefer A. J. , Reinig F. , Nievergelt D. , Krąpiec M. , Smidt E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDating of wood is a major task in historical research, archaeology and paleoclimatology. Currently, the most important dating techniques are dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating. Our approach is based on molecular decay over time under specific preservation conditions. In the models presented here, construction wood, cold soft waterlogged wood and wood from living trees are combined. Under these conditions, molecular decay as a usable clock for dating purposes takes place with comparable speed. Preservation conditions apart from those presented here are not covered by the model and cannot currently be dated with this method. For example, samples preserved in a clay matrix seem not to fit into the model. Other restrictions are discussed in the paper. One model presented covers 7,500 years with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 682 years for a single measurement. Another model reduced to the time period of the last 800 years results in a RMSE of 92 years. As multiple measurements can be performed on a single object, the total error for the whole object will be even lower.
Modelling contaminant transport in fly ash–bentonite composite landfill liner: mechanism of different types of ions
Authors: Garg Ankit , Reddy Narala Gangadhara , Huang He , Buragohain Poly , Kushvaha Vinod 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenerated hazardous or toxic waste posses a serious threat if dumped into ponds or low lying areas which leads to contamination, this necessitates the effective landfill liner system. Mainly compacted clayey soils are used as an engineered barrier. Recently, composite materials have gained popularity as landfill liner materials, including the use of waste materials amended with low permeable soils. Though, studies on the composite optimum mix and its corresponding thickness are very scarce. Here, we evaluated the unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity of fly ash–bentonite composites. Efforts were also made to determine the thickness of landfill liner composite using a finite difference method (i.e. MATLAB). The results reveal that composite consists of 30% bentonite and 70% fly ash is suitable for landfill liner, which meets strength and permeability criteria. Numerical simulation for five major contaminants shows that the composite plays a crucial role in reducing the leaching of heavy metals and suggests an optimum thickness in the range of 126–154 cm. Overall, the findings of the study indicate that fly ash–bentonite composite can be used to solve real-life challenges in a sustainable way.
Are choriocapillaris flow void features robust to diurnal variations? A swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) study
Authors: Lin Emily , Ke Mengyuan , Tan Bingyao , Yao Xinwen , Wong Damon , Ong Lirong , Schmetterer Leopold , Chua Jacqueline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of diurnal variation on choroidal and retinal microvasculature and structural measurements using a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography machine (SS-OCTA; PLEX Elite 9,000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, USA). Fourteen participants who were without ocular diseases underwent SS-OCTA imaging using 3 × 3-mm2 macular scan pattern on two separate days at five time points. Choriocapillaris flow voids were generated to determine its density (percentage), size (μm) and numbers. Perfusion densities of the large superficial vessels, as well as capillaries on superficial and deep vascular plexuses were generated from retinal angiograms. Subfoveal choroidal and retinal thicknesses were manually measured. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to investigate the impact of diurnal variation on choroidal and retinal measurements. There was no observable diurnal pattern for any of the flow void features, in terms of the density, size and numbers. There was a significant diurnal pattern observed in the choroidal thickness, where it decreased progressively during the day (P < 0.005). As opposed to sub-foveal choroidal thickness, there does not appear to be significant diurnal variation in choriocapillaris flow voids in normal individuals. This suggests that alterations of choriocapillaris flow deficit seen in pathological eyes will not be confounded by the diurnal fluctuation.
Effect of the heating rate and premelting process on the melting point and volatilization of a fluorine-containing slag
Authors: Zhao Zhongyu , Zhao Junxue , Tan Zexin , Qu Boqiao , Lu Liang , Cui Yaru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe melting point and volatilization characteristics of a fluorine-containing slag were investigated under different heating rates and premelting processes. The “hemisphere method” was used to detect the melting point, and the results showed that the measurements for the fluorine-free slag increased with increasing heating rate, and the deviation reached 60 °C and was affected by the hysteresis and fractional melting. The measured values and volatilization of the fluorine-containing slag decreased with increasing heating rate. The weight loss reached 16.8%, and the melting point deviation reached 90 °C, which was primarily affected by the volatility. The melting point of the synthetic fluorine-containing slag was 70 °C higher than that of the premelted slag due to flux volatilization of 8.3%. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed a large amount of CaF2 on the surface of the melted slag. The internal crystals in the synthetic slag were mainly diamond-shaped calcium fluoroaluminate (3CaO·3Al2O3·CaF2) and those in the premelted slag were needle-shaped cuspidine (3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2) that formed during secondary crystallization. Two factors that impacted the volatilization were proposed: one is the content of free CaF2, and the other is the slag structure. Based on these factors, volatilization models for synthetic and premelted fluorine-containing slags were established. This work is of significance for relevant measurement specifications to ensure the repeatability and comparability of the physicochemical properties, especially for volatile-containing slags.
Cancer risk in road transportation workers: a national representative cohort study with 600,000 person-years of follow-up
Authors: Lee Wanhyung , Kang Mo-Yeol , Kim Jihyun , Lim Sung-Shil , Yoon Jin-Ha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analysed cancer risk in road transportation workers (RTWs) exposed to traffic air pollution and motor vehicle engine exhaust using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. RTWs were defined as individuals in the transportation workers group doing road transportation. First admission history of cancer within a 3-year wash-out period was defined as an incident case. The crude incidence, standardised incidence ratio (SIR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all cancer risk of RTWs were compared with those of government employees or the whole working population. In total, 3,074 cancer cases were found among RTWs. The respective SIRs and 95% CIs for cancers in RTWs compared with those in the whole population were as follows: liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers, 1.15 and 1.04–1.27; other digestive organ cancers, 1.28 and 1.04–1.57; trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers, 1.28 and 1.15–1.43; and bladder cancer, 1.26 and 1.03–1.52, respectively. The corresponding SIRs and 95% CIs were also higher in RTWs than in government employees. RTWs have a high risk of developing cancer, including cancer in the liver, intrahepatic bile ducts, other digestive organs, trachea, bronchus, lung, and bladder. Our results can assist in establishing prevention strategies for various cancers in RTWs.