bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A de novo chromosome‐level genome assembly of Coregonus sp. “Balchen”: One representative of the Swiss Alpine whitefish radiation
Authors: De‐Kayne Rishi , Zoller Stefan , Feulner Philine G. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSalmonids are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their incredible diversity of life‐history strategies and the speed at which many salmonid species have diversified. In Switzerland alone, over 30 species of Alpine whitefish from the subfamily Coregoninae have evolved since the last glacial maximum, with species exhibiting a diverse range of morphological and behavioural phenotypes. This, combined with the whole genome duplication which occurred in the ancestor of all salmonids, makes the Alpine whitefish radiation a particularly interesting system in which to study the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation and the impacts of ploidy changes and subsequent rediploidization on genome evolution. Although well‐curated genome assemblies exist for many species within Salmonidae, genomic resources for the subfamily Coregoninae are lacking. To assemble a whitefish reference genome, we carried out PacBio sequencing from one wild‐caught Coregonus sp. “Balchen” from Lake Thun to ~90× coverage. PacBio reads were assembled independently using three different assemblers, falcon, canu and wtdbg2 and subsequently scaffolded with additional Hi‐C data. All three assemblies were highly contiguous, had strong synteny to a previously published Coregonus linkage map, and when mapping additional short‐read data to each of the assemblies, coverage was fairly even across most chromosome‐scale scaffolds. Here, we present the first de novo genome assembly for the Salmonid subfamily Coregoninae. The final 2.2‐Gb wtdbg2 assembly included 40 scaffolds, an N50 of 51.9 Mb and was 93.3% complete for BUSCOs. The assembly consisted of ~52% transposable elements and contained 44,525 genes.
Differential sunlight exposure affects settling behaviour of hemlock woolly adelgid crawlers
Authors: Mayfield Albert E. , Jetton Robert M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that elevated sunlight improves carbon balance and growth of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) seedlings infested with the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand).
This study examined the hypothesis that elevated visible and ultraviolet sunlight directly affects the settling behaviour of A. tsugae crawlers.
Hemlock seedlings were manually infested with equal densities of A. tsugae and placed into artificial shade treatments (0%, 40% and 80% shade). The density of settled nymphs of the ensuing generation on shaded seedlings was three times higher than the density on unshaded seedlings.
Adelges tsugae ovisacs were also attached to hydrated hemlock branches placed beneath acrylic filter treatments that selectively allowed transmission of various sunlight wavelengths. The proportion of adelgid crawlers that settled on the branch (vs. dropping from it) was higher beneath filters that blocked the widest spectrum of solar radiation (opaque and amber filters) than beneath full sun. In the March‐April trial, exposure to full sun and the full visible spectrum only (clear‐UV filter) significantly increased the proportion of crawlers that settled on the bottom (vs. top) side of the branch.
Our results suggest that A. tsugae crawlers are negatively phototactic and/or thermotactic, with behaviour influenced more by visible light than ultraviolet light.
Post‐discharge opioid prescribing after laparoscopic appendicectomy and cholecystectomy
Authors: Zhao Jie , Peters Luke , Gelzinnis Scott , Carroll Rosemary , Nolan Jennifer , Di Sano Suzanne , Pockney Peter , Smith Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid over‐prescription following surgery is a significant public health issue in most developed countries. Multiple studies have been conducted in the USA demonstrating and investigating the issue; however, there is a lack of literature addressing this topic in the Australian setting. The aim of this study is to review prescribing practices at an Australian tertiary referral hospital on discharge in patients having undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or laparoscopic appendicetomy (LA). Additionally, to identify potential factors which influence medical officer prescribing practices.MethodsA retrospective observational study on opioid prescribing practice on all patients who underwent LC or LA over a 12‐month period at an Australian tertiary referral hospital.ResultsA total of 435 patients (223 LC, 214 LA) were prescribed a mean opioid dose on discharge of 25 oral morphine milli‐equivalents (range 0–180 morphine milli‐equivalents). Less opioids were prescribed following elective procedures (42% versus 10%, P < 0.001). There is a downward trend of opioid prescribing on discharge as the Junior Medical Officer clinical year progresses (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a lower rate of opiate prescription on discharge for LC and LA in an Australian setting when compared to the US data. There is a wide diversity of prescribing demonstrated. This indicates the need for better training of opioid prescribers to reduce over‐prescribing.
Laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: an updated systematic review
Authors: Wang Weier , Fei Yanhong , Liu Jie , Yu Tunan , Tang Jianming , Wei Fangqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of laparoscopic surgery (Lap) and robotic surgery (Rob) for radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is not clear. We summarized the safety and feasibility of Lap and Rob for HC.MethodsA search of all HC studies in English published on PubMed up to April 2020 was conducted. References from retrieved articles were reviewed to broaden the search.ResultsIn total, 23 reports were enrolled: 15 involving Lap, seven using Rob and one study reporting a minimally invasive approach (Lap or Rob, not specified). A total of 205 cases of HC were documented (Lap/Rob/not specified, 99/101/5): 37 cases of Bismuth type‐I (Lap/Rob, 17/20), 22 cases of Bismuth type‐II (Lap/Rob, 15/7), 68 cases of type‐III (Lap/Rob, 39/29) and 13 cases of type‐IV (Lap/Rob, 9/4). The pooled prevalence of R0 resection was 80.1% (Lap/Rob, 85.9%/71.0%). The weighted mean for operative time, blood loss and post‐operative hospital stay was 458.4 min (Lap/Rob, 423.3/660.8 min), 615.3 mL (Lap/Rob, 521.0/1188.5 mL) and 14.0 days (Lap/Rob, 14.0/13.7 days), respectively. The pooled prevalence of conversion to open surgery, post‐operative complications, and perioperative mortality was 9.1% (Lap/Rob, 12.2%/3.8%), 47.2% (Lap/Rob, 38.4%/61.3%) and 3.0% (Lap/Rob, 4.0%/2.0%), respectively.ConclusionWith innovations in technology and gradual accumulation of surgical experience, the feasibility and safety of performing Lap and Rob for HC will improve.
New developments in von Willebrand disease
Authors: Fogarty Helen , Doherty Dearbhla , O'Donnell James S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryVon Willebrand disease (VWD) constitutes the most common inherited human bleeding disorder. It is associated with a mucocutaneous bleeding phenotype that can significantly impact upon quality of life. Despite its prevalence and associated morbidity, the diagnosis and subclassification of VWD continue to pose significant clinical challenges. This is in part attributable to the fact that plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels vary over a wide range in the normal population, together with the multiple different physiological functions played by VWFin vivo. Over recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in elucidating the biological roles of VWF. Significant advances have also been made into defining the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning both quantitative and qualitative VWD. In particular, several new laboratory assays have been developed that enable more precise assessment of specific aspects of VWF activity. In the present review, we discuss these recent developments in the field of VWD diagnosis, and consider how these advances can impact upon clinical diagnostic algorithms for use in routine clinical practice. In addition, we review some important recent advances pertaining to the various treatment options available for managing patients with VWD.
The negative effect of lianas on tree growth varies with tree species and season
Authors: Venegas‐González Alejandro , Mello Felipe N. A. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , César Ricardo G. , Tomazello-Filho Mario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLianas reduce tree growth, reproduction, and survival in tropical forests. Liana competition can be particularly intense in isolated forest fragments, where liana densities are high, and thus, host tree infestation is common. Furthermore, lianas appear to grow particularly well during seasonal drought, when they may compete particularly intensely with trees. Few studies, however, have experimentally quantified the seasonal effects of liana competition on multiple tree species in tropical forests. We used a liana removal experiment in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil to test whether the effects of lianas on tree growth vary with season and tree species identity. We conducted monthly diameter measurements using dendrometer bands on 88 individuals of five tree species for 24 months. We found that lianas had a stronger negative effect on some tree species during the wet season compared to the dry season. Furthermore, lianas significantly reduced the diameter growth of two tree species but had no effect on the other three tree species. The strong negative effect of lianas on some trees, particularly during the wet season, indicates that the effect of lianas on trees varies both seasonally and with tree species identity.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Spatial heterogeneity and habitat configuration overcome habitat composition influences on alpha and beta mammal diversity
Authors: Regolin André Luis , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Martello Felipe , Melo Geruza Leal , Sponchiado Jonas , Campanha Luis F. de Castro , Sugai Larissa Sayuri Moreira , Silva Thiago Sanna Freire , Cáceres Nilton Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of habitat fragmentation on different taxa and ecosystems are subject to intense debate, and disentangling them is of utmost importance to support conservation and management strategies. We evaluated the importance of landscape composition and configuration, and spatial heterogeneity to explain α‐ and β‐diversity of mammals across a gradient of percent woody cover and land use diversity. We expected species richness to be positively related to all predictive variables, with the strongest relationship with landscape composition and configuration, and spatial heterogeneity respectively. We also expected landscape to influence β‐diversity in the same order of importance expected for species richness, with a stronger influence on nestedness due to deterministic loss of species more sensitive to habitat disturbance. We analyzed landscape structure using: (a) landscape metrics based on thematic maps and (b) image texture of a vegetation index. We compared a set of univariate explanatory models of species richness using AIC, and evaluated how dissimilarities in landscape composition and configuration and spatial heterogeneity affect β‐diversity components using a Multiple Regression on distance Matrix. Contrary with our expectations, landscape configuration was the main driver of species richness, followed by spatial heterogeneity and last by landscape composition. Nestedness was explained, in order of importance, by spatial heterogeneity, landscape configuration, and landscape composition. Although conservation policies tend to focus mainly on habitat amount, we advocate that landscape management must include strategies to preserve and improve habitat quality and complexity in natural patches and the surrounding matrix, enabling landscapes to harbor high species diversity.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Towards a child‐centred public health: Lessons from rheumatic fever prevention in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Spray Julie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildren's perspectives rarely appear at strategic levels in public health. Policy‐makers can hold adult‐centric assumptions about children, and may be uncertain about how to interpret and apply children's perspectives in policy. Yet how children experience and perceive health interventions can shape the success of services. What, then, might child‐centred approaches to health policy consider? Through ethnographic work in New Zealand, I document how children engage with a school rheumatic fever prevention service, and provide a framework of three lenses through which policy‐makers can more meaningfully consider children's perspectives on health: (a) The embodied‐child; (b) the social‐child, and (c) the public‐child.
Feasibility of encouraging participation in colorectal cancer screening campaigns by motivating people through the social network, Facebook
Authors: Koïvogui A. , Levi S. , Finkler M. , Lewkowicz S. , Gombeaud T. , Sabate J. M. , Duclos C. , Benamouzig R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the results of a feasibility phase and the expected results of a new approach to increase the participation rate in a Colorectal Cancer Organized Screening Program (CRCSP) through Facebook awareness messages.MethodThis approach targets people aged 50–74 years, who reside in an urban deprived area and regularly connect to Facebook. The feasibility phase ran over 2 months (December 2018 and January 2019) in six municipalities (Seine‐Saint‐Denis, France). The full provisional campaign will run over a year. The approach consists of sending electronic awareness messages on the importance of screening for colorectal cancer using a specific Facebook module. Subjects who consent to screening complete a test‐kit application form. The eligibility of each subject to participate in screening is determined by a doctor before the kit is sent out.ResultsA total of 39 900 people were reached by the feasibility phase campaign, and 9200 were able to watch at least one Facebook message/video. Of those, 4450 people logged to learn more about the CRCSP, 298 applied for a test kit, 160 test kit applicants were eligible to participate and the test completion rate was 41.9%. According to these feasibility results, 366 120 targeted people would connect regularly in the tested area, 141 541 of whom would be interested in a specific promotional message posted on Facebook. Requests could be made for 9770 kits, with 5246 people being eligible to participate in screening. The expected test‐completion rate is estimated at 42%–89%. This would represent 5%–11% of the tests carried out in the area during the same period by ‘classical’ CRCSP.ConclusionImplementation of the Facebook strategy would significantly improve the rate of participation in the CRCSP by mobilizing people with no previous participation, including younger subjects.
Cadmium induces mitophagy via AMP‐activated protein kinases activation in a PINK1/Parkin‐dependent manner in PC12 cells
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhu Qiaoping , Cao Binbin , Yuan Yan , Wen Shuangquan , Liu Zongping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesCadmium (Cd) induces mitophagy in neuronal cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate these mechanisms.Materials and methodsThe effects of Cd on the mitophagy in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were detected, and the role of PINK1/Parkin pathway in Cd‐induced mitophagy was also analysed by using PINK1 siRNA. In order to explore the relationship between AMPK and PINK1/Parkin in Cd‐induced mitophagy in PC12 cells, the CRISPR‐Cas9 system was used to knock down AMPK expression.ResultsThe results showed that Cd treatment triggered a significant increase in mitophagosome formation and the colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes, which was further proved by the colocalization of LC3 puncta and its receptors NDP52 or P62 with mitochondria in PC12 cells. Moreover, an accumulation of PINK1 and Parkin was found in mitochondria. Additionally, upon PINK1 knock‐down using PINK1 siRNA, Cd‐induced mitophagy was efficiently suppressed. Interestingly, chemical or genetic reversal of AMPK activation: (a) significantly inhibited the activation of mitophagy and (b) promoted NLRP3 activation by inhibiting PINK/Parkin translocation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Cd induces mitophagy via the PINK/Parkin pathway following AMPK activation in PC12 cells. Targeting the balanced activity of AMPK/PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy signalling may be a potential therapeutic approach to treat Cd‐induced neurotoxicity.
Assessing the validity of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile for telephone administration in drug health treatment populations
Authors: Deacon Rachel M. , Mammen Kristie , Holmes Jennifer , Dunlop Adrian , Bruno Raimondo , Mills Llewellyn , Graham Robert , Lintzeris Nicholas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool measuring recent substance use, health and wellbeing among clients attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services. It has previously been assessed for concurrent validity and inter‐rater reliability. In this study we examine whether it is suitable for administration over the telephone.Design and MethodsWe recruited a sample of 107 AOD clients across public sector specialist AOD treatment services in New South Wales, Australia between 2016 and 2018. Participants had a mean age of 47 years and 46% were female. Participants completed a face‐to‐face ATOP and a phone ATOP with a researcher within 5 days. Comparisons between the two administration modes were undertaken using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for continuous or ordinal variables, and Cohen's Kappa for nominal variables.ResultsAmong 107 participants, 59% were attending for alcohol treatment and 41% for opioid treatment. Most ATOP items (76%) reached above 0.7 (good) or 0.9 (excellent) agreement between face‐to‐face and telephone use.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the ATOP is a suitable instrument for telephone monitoring of recent substance use, health and social functioning among AOD clients. Its validation for remote use over the telephone will support staff to monitor clients' risks and outcomes—of particular relevance in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in which services are increasingly relying on telework approaches to client monitoring.
Fungal lesion length and expansion rate for the root pathogen Armillaria ostoyae in Douglas‐fir affecting root colonization and damage
Authors: Cruickshank Michael G. , Sattler Derek F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant lesions affect disease impact, progression and host resistance. Root lesions caused by Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink were inspected on 24‐ to 34‐year‐old planted Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) pulled from the soil in five locations. Four hundred seventy‐nine lesions were measured for length (mm), expansion rate (mm/year) and lesion type. Lesion types were patch lesions on a root side, girdled lesions covering the root circumference and root collar lesions on the stem below ground. Non‐linear mixed modelling revealed that fungal lesion length at girdled and collar lesions increased but the expansion rate slowed as a power function of time, indicating increasing secondary inoculum and host resistance. Average fungal lesion expansion rate in girdled root and collar lesions was 127 mm the first year which then declined non‐linearly to 26 mm/year after 10 years. Fungal lesion length in patch lesions showed little change after the first year of infection. For girdled and collar lesions, fungal lesion length increased with tree size at the time of infection. Sites with a longer frost‐free period had shorter girdled root and stem lesions, probably because of more active host defence. Results indicate that mortality would be rare from one infection event. Furthermore, patch lesions pose a lower risk of mortality than other lesions because of a lower fungal lesion expansion rate and secondary inoculum. Tree size, lesion position, lesion type and fungal lesion expansion rate need to be considered when assessing the risk of lesions to individual tree survival. Techniques to minimize the disease impact are discussed.
Intraspecific difference among herbivore lineages and their host‐plant specialization drive the strength of trophic cascades
Authors: Sentis Arnaud , Bertram Raphaël , Dardenne Nathalie , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Magro Alexandra , Pujol Benoit , Danchin Etienne , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrophic cascades – the indirect effect of predators on non‐adjacent lower trophic levels – are important drivers of the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. However, the influence of intraspecific trait variation on the strength of trophic cascade remains largely unexplored, which limits our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological networks. Here we experimentally investigated how intraspecific difference among herbivore lineages specialized on different host plants influences trophic cascade strength in a terrestrial tri‐trophic system. We found that the occurrence and strength of the trophic cascade are strongly influenced by herbivores’ lineage and host‐plant specialization but are not associated with density‐dependent effects mediated by the growth rate of herbivore populations. Our findings stress the importance of intraspecific heterogeneities and evolutionary specialization as drivers of trophic cascade strength and underline that intraspecific variation should not be overlooked to decipher the joint influence of evolutionary and ecological factors on the functioning of multi‐trophic interactions.
Incident depression in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: a multi‐database study
Authors: Persson R. , Lee S. , Yood M. U. , Wagner M. R. , Minton N. , Niemcryk S. , Lindholm A. , Evans A. M. , Jick S. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeData on rates of newly diagnosed depression after multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis are sparse. Here, incident, treated depression in MS patients after diagnosis compared with matched non‐MS patients is described.MethodsA matched cohort study was conducted in two separate electronic medical databases: the US Department of Defense (US‐DOD) military healthcare system and the UK’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (UK‐CPRD). The study population included all patients with a first recorded diagnosis of MS and matched non‐MS patients. Patients with a history of treated depression were excluded. Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals for treated depression after MS diagnosis/matched date were estimated.ResultsIncidence rate ratios of treated depression amongst MS patients compared with non‐MS patients were 3.20 (95% confidence interval 3.05–3.35) in the US‐DOD and 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.74–2.06) in the UK‐CPRD. Incidence rate ratios were elevated across age and sex. Rates were higher in females than males but, compared to non‐MS patients, males with MS had a higher relative risk than females with MS.ConclusionsMultiple sclerosis patients in the UK and the USA have a two‐ to three‐fold increased risk of new, treated depression compared to matched non‐MS patients.