bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopic characteristics of acral melanocytic nevi in children and adolescents
Authors: Savas Erdogan Sevil , Falay Gur Tugba , Turgut Erdemir Aslı Vefa , Dogan Bilal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThere are limited data on the dermoscopic characteristics of acral nevi in the population under 18 years old. Our aim was to determine the frequency of acral volar nevi in children and adolescents, characterize their dermoscopic patterns, and identify relationships with age and location.MethodsWe prospectively examined the palms and soles of 1319 patients presenting to our outpatient clinic from July 2018 to April 2019.ResultsAcral volar nevi were observed in 28% of the children and adolescent population included in the study. A total of 474 nevi from 365 patients were examined. The presence of nevi increased with age. The most common dermoscopic pattern was parallel pigmented furrows, detected in 57.8% of nevi. The other patterns observed were combination (14.1%), fibrillar (10.1%), and latticelike (8.8%). The parallel furrow and globulostreak‐like patterns were more common on the palms, whereas the fibrillar and combination patterns were more frequently seen on the plantar surfaces. While the frequency of the parallel pigmented furrow pattern did not differ between the 0‐ to 12‐year and 13‐ to 18‐year age‐groups, the dotted variants of the parallel furrow were observed more frequently in the 0‐ to 12‐year‐olds (58.2%) than in the 13‐ to 18‐year‐olds (41.7%). A combination pattern and its most common variant, parallel furrow + crista dotted pattern, were detected at a significantly higher rate in the 0‐ to 12‐year group (22.1% and 16.3%, respectively) compared to the 13‐ to 18‐year group (11.4% and 6%, respectively).ConclusionsAcral melanocytic nevi are common in children and adolescents, and their dermoscopic patterns may be associated with anatomic localization and age.
The Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline
Authors: Debnath Ranjan , Buzzell George A. , Morales Santiago , Bowers Maureen E. , Leach Stephanie C. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompared to adult EEG, EEG signals recorded from pediatric populations have shorter recording periods and contain more artifact contamination. Therefore, pediatric EEG data necessitate specific preprocessing approaches in order to remove environmental noise and physiological artifacts without losing large amounts of data. However, there is presently a scarcity of standard automated preprocessing pipelines suitable for pediatric EEG. In an effort to achieve greater standardization of EEG preprocessing, and in particular, for the analysis of pediatric data, we developed the Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline as an automated preprocessing pipeline compatible with EEG data recorded with different hardware systems, different populations, levels of artifact contamination, and length of recordings. MADE uses EEGLAB and functions from some EEGLAB plugins and includes additional customized features particularly useful for EEG data collected from pediatric populations. MADE processes event‐related and resting state EEG from raw data files through a series of preprocessing steps and outputs processed clean data ready to be analyzed in time, frequency, or time‐frequency domain. MADE provides a report file at the end of the preprocessing that describes a variety of features of the processed data to facilitate the assessment of the quality of processed data. In this article, we discuss some practical issues, which are specifically relevant to pediatric EEG preprocessing. We also provide custom‐written scripts to address these practical issues. MADE is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License at https://github.com/ChildDevLab/MADE-EEG-preprocessing-pipeline.
Government consumption, government debt and economic growth
Authors: Ghourchian Shahrzad , Yilmazkuday Hakan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper compares the effects of government consumption and government debt on economic growth using data from 83 countries, including both developed and developing markets, over the period from 1960 to 2014. Linear regressions reveal that the negative effects of government consumption are relatively higher than the negative effects of government debt. A nonlinear investigation further suggests that the restrictions on government expenditure to prevent negative growth are more important for countries with lower trade openness, lower inflation, or greater financial depth, whereas the restrictions on government debt are shown to be more important for countries with higher trade openness, lower inflation or greater financial depth.
Mechanisms and consequences of subcellularRNAlocalization across diverse cell types
Authors: Engel Krysta L. , Arora Ankita , Goering Raeann , Lo Hei‐Yong G. , Taliaferro J. Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEssentially all cells contain a variety of spatially restricted regions that are important for carrying out specialized functions. Often, these regions contain specialized transcriptomes that facilitate these functions by providing transcripts for localized translation. These transcripts play a functional role in maintaining cell physiology by enabling a quick response to changes in the cellular environment. Here, we review how RNA molecules are trafficked within cells, with a focus on the subcellular locations to which they are trafficked, mechanisms that regulate their transport and clinical disorders associated with misregulation of the process.
Biomechanical comparison of locking compression plate fixation and a novel pedicle screw external fixation to repair equine mandibular fractures
Authors: Monck Samantha L. , McGilvray Kirk C. , Easley Jeremiah T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw external fixation (PDW) for equine mandibular fracture repair and compare PDW to locking compression plates (LCP).Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationSixteen adult equine mandibles.MethodsFour mandibles were kept intact, while 12 were osteotomized and stabilized with the LCP or PDW construct (6 mandibles/group). Failure, stiffness, and yield were calculated from quasi‐static ramp to failure and compared with previous analysis of mandibular fracture constructs. Tooth root involvement and method of failure were determined from radiographs and videos.ResultsLocking compression plate constructs achieved greater stiffness and load at failure (4656 ± 577 N‐m/radian, 558 ± 27 N‐mP < .05) compared with PDW constructs (2626 ± 127 N‐m/radian, 315 ± 48 N‐m). Yield did not differ between types of fixation (369 ± 57 N‐m, 193 ± 35 N‐m,P= .145). Tooth involvement was noted in two LCP constructs with failure via bone fracture. Pedicle screw external fixation constructs failed via wire unraveling and screw bending.ConclusionLocking compression plate fixation increased stiffness and failure of constructs but did not influence yield. It also increased the risk to tooth root involvement relative to fixation with PDW. Compared with another study, PDW offered stiffness and failure similar to an intraoral splint with interdental wires, external fixator (EF), and external fixator with wires (EFW) and yield similar to an EF, an EFW, and a dynamic compression plate.Clinical relevancePedicle screw external fixation offers biomechanical stability comparable to other relevant mandibular fixation techniques and reduces the risk of tooth root damage compared with LCP fixation.
Experiencia en la atención de pacientes menores de 16 años con apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre los años 2014 y 2019
Authors: Soler Ramírez Angela María , Estrada Cano Diana Carolina , Sanchez Julie Paola , Chacón Shayl Zamira , Arjona Juan Sebastián , Salamanca Edgar , Seba Juan Enrique 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of the care of patients under 16 years old with acute appendicitis taken to appendectomy between January 2014 and May 2019. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive observational study of the records of patients with acute appendicitis over 5 years. Results: 257 records met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 9.5 years. The average diagnosis time from admission was 7 hours and they were taken to surgery in the first 6 hours after diagnosis. The majority were uncomplicated appendicitis with a low percentage of postoperative complications. Six percent of patients underwent intraoperative peritoneal fluid culture without this involving significant changes in medical behavior. Conclusions: The success in the management of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients of hospital reflects high quality care. The use of ampicillin sulbactam as an empirical management shows favorable results with a low complication rate. Peritoneal fluid culture did not generate changes in medical or surgical behavior. Given the above, it is feasible to make reasonable use of resources, providing high quality care with optimal results and a lower cost to the health system.
Modeling of the Photo-Thermal-pH Triple-Responsive Hydrogels Considering the Coupled Effect of Photothermal Conversion and Electrochemistry
Authors: Yan Huixian , Su Hengdi , Zhong Zheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Photo-thermal-pH triple-responsive hydrogels are special kinds of smart materials which can respond to changes in ambient temperature, pH, and light intensity simultaneously. In this paper, a field theory is developed for the photo-thermal-pH triple-responsive hydrogels by incorporating effects of dissociation of acidic groups and photo-thermal conversion into the thermodynamic theory of temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Constitutive equations are derived by means of the free energy imbalance inequality. The feasibility of the presented model is tested and validated by comparing the simulation results for stress-free swelling with the available experimental data. Moreover, the sensitivities of the presented model to changes in temperature, pH, and light intensity are further studied through the biaxial constrained swelling case, and the factors affecting deformation is investigated numerically.
Kinetics-Induced Morphing of Three-Dimensional-Printed Gel Structures Based on Geometric Asymmetry
Authors: Li Qi , Xu Zhao , Ji Suchun , Lv Pengyu , Li Xiying , Hong Wei , Duan Huiling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmerging three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for soft active materials have demonstrated fascinating applications in various areas including programmable and reconfigurable structures, tissue engineering, and soft robotics. For example, polymeric gels, which consist of polymer networks swollen with solvent molecules, are capable of deforming and swelling/deswelling in response to external stimuli. Although polymeric gels are used to print structures, little attention has been paid to the effect of printing parameters on the cross-sectional shape of 3D-printed gel filaments or further to the dynamic responses of the printed structures. Due to the flow of the precursor solution before fully cured, the cross section of a printed gel filament is usually asymmetric. When immersed in water, the asymmetry in the cross section causes the printed filament to bend, and the interdiffusion of the two solvents leads to the alternation in bending direction. The bending curvature and response rate can be adjusted by turning printing parameters. As applications of this mechanism, we demonstrated various types of gel structures, capable of deforming from 1D strips to 2D spiral or sinusoidal shapes, warping from 2D flat sheet to 3D cylindrical helix when swollen, or wrapping and manipulating objects under external stimuli.
Collaborating with healthcare providers to understand their perspectives on a hospital-to-home warning signs intervention for rural transitional care: protocol of a multimethod descriptive study
Authors: Fox Mary T , Butler Jeffrey I , Sidani Souraya , Durocher Evelyne , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Yamada Janet , Dahlke Sherry , Skinner Mark W 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThis study builds on our prior research, which identified that older rural patients and families (1) view preparation for detecting and responding to worsening health conditions as their most pressing unmet transitional care (TC) need and (2) perceive an evidence-based intervention, preparing them to detect and respond to warning signs of worsening health conditions, as highly likely to meet this need. Yet, what healthcare providers need to implement a warning signs intervention in rural TC is unclear. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine healthcare providers’ perspectives on the acceptability of a warning signs intervention and (2) to identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers’ provision of the intervention in rural communities.Methods and analysisThis multimethod descriptive study uses a community-based, participatory research approach. We will examine healthcare providers’ perspectives on a warning signs intervention. A purposive, criterion-based sample of healthcare providers stratified by professional designation (three strata: nurses, physicians and allied healthcare professionals) in two regions (Southwestern and Northeastern Ontario, Canada) will (1) rate the acceptability of the intervention and (2) participate in small (n=4–6 healthcare providers), semistructured telephone focus group discussions on barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention in rural communities. Two to three focus groups per stratum will be held in each region for a total of 12–18 focus groups. Data will be analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Office of Research Ethics at York University and the Health Sciences North Research Ethics Board. Findings will be communicated through plain language summary and policy briefs, press releases, manuscripts and conferences.
Early repatriation post-thrombectomy: a model of care which maximises the capacity of a stroke network to treat patients with large vessel ischaemic stroke
Authors: Griffin Emma , Murphy Sean , Sheehan Mark , Power Sarah , Brennan Paul , O'Hare Alan , Looby Seamus , McWilliams Sebastian , Moynihan Barry , Williams David , Boyle Karl , O'Neill Damien , Collins Ronan , Dolan Eamon , Cassidy Tim , Harbison Joe , O'Connor Margaret , Alderson Jack , Thornton John 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeHealthcare systems are challenged to provide access to thrombectomy in acute stroke patients. Either the “drip and ship” or “mothership” models result in increased numbers of patients in the endovascular stroke centre (ESC). We describe our approach for a “drip, ship, retrieve and leave” model repatriating patients immediately or within 24 hours of thrombectomy.MethodsWe included consecutive patients who underwent thrombectomy from January 2016 to June 2018. Patients from local region primary stroke centres (PSC) are immediately repatriated and those from remote region PSCs are admitted for 24 hours before repatriation. Key parameters recorded included clinical, radiological and timeline data as well as 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients who stayed beyond the intended time period in the ESC were analysed.ResultsFrom January 2016 to June 2018, 435 patients were transferred, with 352 patients in the local region group and 83 in the remote region group. The median NIHSS was 16 with a median ASPECTS of 9. Good functional outcome was seen in 47% of patients with a mortality rate of 19%. The local region group that were repatriated at the intended time period had a 90-day mRS 0–2 of 47% compared with 20% of those admitted to the ESC (P=0.006). Mortality rates were 20% and 27% respectively (P=0.377). The remote region group, repatriated at 24 hours' post-emergency endovascular thrombectomy had 90-day mRS 0–2 of 65% compared with 41% in the group admitted (P=0.042). Mortality rates were 4% and 22% respectively (P=0.007).ConclusionThis model enables the treatment of large numbers of patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischaemic stroke with thrombectomy within a national stroke service and system of care which would not otherwise be facilitated.
Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19
Authors: Sinha Neeraj , Balayla Galit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are medications that have been used for a long time. Their most common use is for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. However, these antimalarial drugs are known to also have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects and are used for several chronic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus with low adverse effects. The antiviral action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine has been a point of interest to different researchers due to its mechanism of action. Several in vitro studies have proven their effectiveness on severe acute respiratory syndrome virus and currently both in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19). The purpose of this article is to review the history and mechanism of actions of these drugs and the potential use they can have on the current covid-19 pandemic.
Hypoglycaemic effect of catalpol in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced prediabetes
Authors: Xu Dengqiu , Huang Xiaofei , Hassan Hozeifa M. , Wang Lu , Li Sijia , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Luyong , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health problem and a societal burden. Individuals with prediabetes are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, has been reported to exert a hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice, but its effect on the progression of prediabetes is unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of prediabetes and examined the hypoglycaemic effect, and the mechanism of any such effect, of catalpol. Catalpol (200 mg/(kg·day)) had no effect on glucose tolerance or the serum lipid level in a mouse model of impaired glucose tolerance-stage prediabetes. However, catalpol (200 mg/(kg·day)) increased insulin sensitivity and decreased the fasting glucose level in a mouse model of impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance-stage prediabetes. Moreover, catalpol increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (1.52-fold) and adenosine triphosphate content (1.87-fold) in skeletal muscle and improved skeletal muscle function. These effects were mediated by activation of the insulin receptor-1/glucose transporter type 4 (IRS-1/GLUT4) signalling pathway in skeletal muscle. Our findings will facilitate the development of a novel approach to suppressing the progression of diabetes at an early stage. Novelty Catalpol prevents the progression of prediabetes in a mouse model of prediabetes. Catalpol improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The effects of catalpol are mediated by activation of the IRS-1/GLUT4 signalling pathway.
Fault geometry, segmentation and slip distribution associated with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault, Turkey
Authors: Emre Ömer , Kondo Hisao , Özalp Selim , Elmacı Hasan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The intracontinental plate boundary, dextral North Anatolian fault (NAF), is well-known by the westward migration of the multi-segment large earthquake sequence during the twentieth century. The sequence, started by the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (M
w
7.9), resulted in a 330 km-long multi-segment surface rupture. Slip magnitudes are relatively consistent on each segment, with averages per segment slip varying from 2.3 to 8.8 m, with maximum horizontal displacements up to 10.5 m. The variable slip along the 1939 surface rupture may be attributed to the differences in the strain accumulated on each segment between the penultimate event and the 1939 event, with higher slip measured in segments with greater elapse times. Deviation of the west end of the rupture propagation from the main strand of the NAF to the Ezinepazarı fault splay appears to be controlled not only by accumulated strain on that fault splay, but also by factors such as rupture direction, fault geometry and the level of stress transferred at the segment boundary. Analysis of rupture geometry and slip distribution in the 1939 earthquake has implications for source-fault characterization of similar multi-segment strike-slip faults.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Micro-Elastography for Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Kennedy Kelsey M. , Zilkens Renate , Allen Wes M. , Foo Ken Y. , Fang Qi , Chin Lixin , Sanderson Rowan W. , Anstie James , Wijesinghe Philip , Curatolo Andrea , Tan Hsern Ern I. , Morin Narelle , Kunjuraman Bindu , Yeomans Chris , Chin Synn Lynn , DeJong Helen , Giles Katharine , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Inadequate margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence of breast cancer. Currently, approximately 20% of BCS patients require repeat surgery due to inadequate margins at the initial operation. Implementation of an accurate, intraoperative margin assessment tool may reduce this re-excision rate. This study determined, for the first time, the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative micro-elastography (QME), an optical coherence tomography (OCT)–based elastography technique that produces images of tissue microscale elasticity, for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margins of BCS specimens. Simultaneous OCT and QME were performed on the margins of intact, freshly excised specimens from 83 patients undergoing BCS and on dissected specimens from 7 patients undergoing mastectomy. The resulting three-dimensional images (45 × 45 × 1 mm) were coregistered with postoperative histology to determine tissue types present in each scan. Data from 12 BCS patients and the 7 mastectomy patients served to build a set of images for reader training. One hundred and fifty-four subimages (10 × 10 × 1 mm) from the remaining 71 BCS patients were included in a blinded reader study, which resulted in 69.0% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity using OCT images, versus 92.9% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity using elasticity images. The quantitative nature of QME also facilitated development of an automated reader, which resulted in 100.0% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. These results demonstrate high accuracy of QME for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margin and the potential for this technique to improve outcomes in BCS.

Significance:
An optical imaging technology probes breast tissue elasticity to provide accurate assessment of tumor margin involvement in breast-conserving surgery.
Examining the Suitability of the International Minority Rights Regime as an Avenue for Advancing Self-Determination Claims
Authors: Carvosso Rhys 
Published: April 2020

The international legal right of all ‘peoples’ to self-determination applies indeterminately to minority groups. The limited jurisprudence tends toward an ‘internal’ dimension of the right being available to minorities, to be exercised and negotiated domestically. However, where a state-minority negotiation process fails, the international law of self-determination is inadequate to resolve the ensuing deadlock. Accordingly, this article examines the suitability of minority protections under international human rights law (‘minority rights’) as a supplementary set of rules by which disputes concerning the self-determination of minorities might be resolved. It argues that owing to the strong conceptual and doctrinal overlap between the two areas, the enforcement of minority rights is a suitable strategy for advancing a self-determination claim. However, two bars within existing international human rights enforcement procedures – the non-justiciability of self-determination, and the requirement that complainants must be “victims of a violation” – substantially reduce the utility of this strategy at present.