bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of Performance Evaluations of Pain Medicine Clinical Faculty by Residents and Fellows Using a Supervision Scale
Authors: Dexter Franklin , Hadlandsmyth Katherine , Pearson Amy C. S. , Hindman Bradley J. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Annual and/or semiannual evaluations of pain medicine clinical faculty are mandatory for multiple organizations in the United States. We evaluated the validity and psychometric reliability of a modified version of de Oliveira Filho et al clinical supervision scale for this purpose.

METHODS:
Six years of weekly evaluations of pain medicine clinical faculty by resident physicians and pain medicine fellows were studied. A 1–4 rating (4 = “Always”) was assigned to each of 9 items (eg, “The faculty discussed with me the management of patients before starting a procedure or new therapy and accepted my suggestions, when appropriate”).

RESULTS:
Cronbach α of the 9 items equaled .975 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.974–0.976). A G coefficient of 0.90 would be expected with 18 raters; the N = 12 six-month periods had mean 18.8 ± 5.9 (standard deviation [SD]) unique raters in each period (median = 20).
Concurrent validity was shown by Kendall τb = 0.45 (P < .0001) pairwise by combination of ratee and rater between the average supervision score and the average score on a 21-item evaluation completed by fellows in pain medicine. Concurrent validity also was shown by τb = 0.36 (P = .0002) pairwise by combination of ratee and rater between the average pain medicine supervision score and the average operating room supervision score completed by anesthesiology residents.
Average supervision scores differed markedly among the 113 raters (η2 = 0.485; CI, 0.447–0.490). Pairings of ratee and rater were nonrandom (Cramér V = 0.349; CI, 0.252–0.446).
Mixed effects logistic regression was performed with rater leniency as covariates and the dependent variable being an average score equaling the maximum 4 vs <4. There were 3 of 13 ratees with significantly more averages <4 than the other ratees, based on P < .01 criterion; that is, their supervision was reliably rated as below average. There were 3 of 13 different ratees who provided supervision reliably rated as above average.
Raters did not report higher supervision scores when they had the opportunity to perform more interventional pain procedures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evaluations of pain medicine clinical faculty are required. As found when used for evaluating operating room anesthesiologists, a supervision scale has excellent internal consistency, achievable reliability using 1-year periods of data, concurrent validity with other ratings, and the ability to differentiate among ratees. However, to be reliable, routinely collected supervision scores must be adjusted for rater leniency.
The Effect of the No Pain Labor & Delivery-Global Health Initiative on Cesarean Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes in China: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Drzymalski Dan M. , Guo Jun-Cai , Qi Xue-Qin , Tsen Lawrence C. , Sun Yingyong , Ouanes Jean-Pierre P. , Xia Yun , Gao Wei Dong , Ruthazer Robin , Hu Fengling , Hu Ling-Qun 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
The proportion of live births by cesarean delivery (CD) in China is significant, with some, particularly rural, provinces reporting up to 62.5%. The No Pain Labor & Delivery-Global Health Initiative (NPLD-GHI) was established to improve obstetric and neonatal outcomes in China, including through a reduction of CD through educational efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a reduction in CD at a rural Chinese hospital occurred after NPLD-GHI. We hypothesized that a reduction in CD trend would be observed.

METHODS:
The NPLD-GHI program visited the Weixian Renmin Hospital, Hebei Province, China, from June 15 to 21, 2014. The educational intervention included problem-based learning, bedside teaching, simulation drill training, and multidisciplinary debriefings. An interrupted time-series analysis using segmented logistic regression models was performed on data collected between June 1, 2013 and May 31, 2015 to assess whether the level and/or trend over time in the proportion of CD births would decline after the program intervention. The primary outcome was monthly proportion of CD births. Secondary outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and extended NICU length of stay, neonatal antibiotic and intubation use, and labor epidural analgesia use.

RESULTS:
Following NPLD-GHI, there was a level decrease in CD with an estimated odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.87 (0.78–0.98), P = .017, with odds (95% CI) of monthly CD reduction an estimated 3% (1–5; P < .001), more in the post- versus preintervention periods. For labor epidural analgesia, there was a level increase (estimated odds ratio [95% CI] of 1.76 [1.48–2.09]; P < .001) and a slope decrease (estimated odds ratio [95% CI] of 0.94 [0.92–0.97]; P < .001). NICU admissions did not have a level change (estimated odds ratio [95% CI] of 0.99 [0.87–1.12]; P = .835), but the odds (95% CI) of monthly reduction in NICU admission was estimated 9% (7–11; P < .001), greater in post- versus preintervention. Neonatal intubation level and slope changes were not statistically significant. For neonatal antibiotic administration, while the level change was not statistically significant, there was a decrease in the slope with an odds (95% CI) of monthly reduction estimated 6% (3–9; P < .001), greater post- versus preintervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large, rural Chinese hospital, live births by CD were lower following NPLD-GHI and associated with increased use of labor epidural analgesia. We also found decreasing NICU admissions. International-based educational programs can significantly alter practices associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes.
F-BAR domain protein Syndapin regulates actomyosin dynamics during apical cap remodeling in syncytial Drosophila embryos
Authors: Sherlekar Aparna , Mundhe Gayatri , Richa Prachi , Dey Bipasha , Sharma Swati , Rikhy Richa 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Branched actin networks driven by Arp2/3 interact with actomyosin filaments in processes such as cell migration. Similar interactions occur in the syncytial Drosophila blastoderm embryo where expansion of apical caps by Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization occurs in interphase, and cap buckling at contact edges by Myosin II to form furrows takes place in metaphase. Here, we study the role of Syndapin (Synd), an F-BAR domain-containing protein, in apical cap remodeling prior to furrow extension. We found that depletion of synd resulted in larger apical caps. Super-resolution and TIRF microscopy showed that control embryos had long apical actin protrusions in caps during interphase and short protrusions during metaphase, whereas synd depletion led to formation of sustained long protrusions, even during metaphase. Loss of Arp2/3 function in synd mutants partly reverted defects in apical cap expansion and protrusion remodeling. Myosin II levels were decreased in synd mutants, an observation consistent with the expanded cap phenotype previously reported for Myosin II mutant embryos. We propose that Synd function limits branching activity during cap expansion and affects Myosin II distribution in order to bring about a transition in actin remodeling activity from apical cap expansion to lateral furrow extension.
Kinesin-14 family proteins and microtubule dynamics define S. pombe mitotic and meiotic spindle assembly, and elongation
Authors: Loncar Ana , Rincon Sergio A. , Lera Ramirez Manuel , Paoletti Anne , Tran Phong T. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
To segregate the chromosomes faithfully during cell division, cells assemble a spindle that captures the kinetochores and pulls them towards opposite poles. Proper spindle function requires correct interplay between microtubule motors and non-motor proteins. Defects in spindle assembly or changes in spindle dynamics are associated with diseases, such as cancer or developmental disorders. Here, we compared mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. We show that, even though mitotic and meiotic spindles underwent the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. We found that the relative concentration of the kinesin-14 family protein Pkl1 is decreased in meiosis I compared to mitosis, while the concentration of the kinesin-5 family protein Cut7 remains constant. We identified the second kinesin-14 family protein Klp2 and microtubule dynamics as factors necessary for proper meiotic spindle assembly. This work defines the differences between mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and provides prospect for future comparative studies.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A new brain mitochondrial sodium-sensitive potassium channel: effect of sodium ions on respiratory chain activity
Authors: Fahanik-babaei Javad , Rezaee Bahareh , Nazari Maryam , Torabi Nihad , Saghiri Reza , Sauve Remy , Eliassi Afsaneh 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We have determined the electropharmacological properties of a new potassium channel from brain mitochondrial membrane using a planar lipid bilayer method. Our results show the presence of a channel with a conductance of 150 pS at potentials between 0 and −60 mV in 200 mM cis/50 mM trans KCl solutions. The channel was voltage independent, with an open probability value of approximately 0.6 at different voltages. ATP did not affect current amplitude or open probability at positive and negative voltages. Notably, adding iberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, lidocaine or margatoxin had no effect on the channel behavior. Similarly, no changes were observed by decreasing the cis pH to 6. Interestingly, the channel was inhibited by adding sodium in a dose-dependent manner. Our results also indicated a significant increase in mitochondrial complex IV activity and membrane potential and a decrease in complex I activity and mitochondrial ROS production in the presence of sodium ions. We propose that inhibition of mitochondrial potassium transport by sodium ions on potassium channel opening could be important for cell protection and ATP synthesis.
Head Impact Telemetry System’s Video-based Impact Detection and Location Accuracy
Authors: CAMPBELL KODY R. , MARSHALL STEPHEN W. , LUCK JASON F. , PINTON GIANMARCO F. , STITZEL JOEL D. , BOONE JOSHUA S. , GUSKIEWICZ KEVIN M. , MIHALIK JASON P. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to quantify the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System’s impact detection and location measurement accuracy using an impact biomechanics data set paired with video of high school football special teams plays.

Methods
The head impact biomechanics data set and video were collected from 22 high school football players, wearing HIT System instrumented helmets, competing in 218 special teams plays over a single high school football season. We used two separate video analysis approaches. To quantify the impact detection accuracy, we evaluated the video for head impacts independently of the impact data collection triggers collected by the HIT System. Video-observed impacts matched to valid and invalid head impacts by the HIT System algorithm were categorized as true positives, false positives, false negatives, and true negatives. To quantify impact location accuracy, we analyzed video-synchronized head impacts for impact location independent of the HIT System’s impact location measurement and quantified the estimated percent agreement of impact location between the HIT System recorded impact location and the impact location observed on video.

Results
The HIT System’s impact-filtering algorithm had 69% sensitivity, 72% specificity, and 70% accuracy in categorizing true and non–head impact data collection triggers. The HIT System agreed with video-observed impact locations on 64% of the 129 impacts we analyzed (unweighted k = 0.43, 95% confidence interval = 0.31–0.54).

Conclusion
This work provides data on the HIT System’s impact detection and location accuracy during high school football special teams plays using game video analysis that has not been previously published. Based on our data, we believe that the HIT System is useful for estimating population-based impact location distributions for special teams plays.
Exercise for Weight Loss: Further Evaluating Energy Compensation with Exercise
Authors: FLACK KYLE D. , HAYS HARRY M. , MORELAND JACK , LONG DOUGLAS E. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study assessed how individuals compensate for energy expended during a 12-wk aerobic exercise intervention, elucidating potential mechanisms and the role exercise dose plays in the compensatory response.

Participants and Design
Three-arm, randomized controlled trial among sedentary adults age 18 to 40 yr, body mass index of 25 to 35. Groups included six exercise sessions per week, two sessions per week, and sedentary control.

Methods
Rate of exercise energy expenditure was calculated from a graded exercise test averaged across five heart rate zones. Energy compensation was calculated as the difference between expected weight loss (based on exercise energy expenditure) and changes in fat and fat-free mass (DXA). Resting energy expenditure was assessed via indirect calorimetry and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were assessed fasting and postprandial (six timepoints over 2 h).

Results
The 6-d·wk−1 group expended more energy (2753.5 kcal) and exercised longer (320.5 min) per week than the 2-d·wk−1 group (1490.7 kcal, 1888.8 min, P < 0.05), resulting in greater fat loss compared with the 2-d or control groups (P < 0.05). Exercise groups did not differ in the % or total kcal compensated. Greater decreases in area under the curve (AUC) for acylated ghrelin predicted greater fat loss, regardless of group, energy expended per week, exercise duration, or exercise intensity. Changes in leptin AUC was the only independent predictor for energy compensation, with a greater decrease in leptin AUC predicting less energy compensation. Exercise frequency, energy expended, duration, or intensity did not influence energy compensation.

Conclusions
Leptin is an important factor in successful weight loss through exercise, with greater postprandial decreases promoting less compensation. Greater amounts of exercise do not influence the compensatory response to an exercise-induced energy deficit.
Pitfalls in Expiratory Flow Limitation Assessment at Peak Exercise in Children: Role of Thoracic Gas Compression
Authors: STROZZA DANIELLE , WILHITE DANIEL P. , BABB TONY G. , BHAMMAR DHARINI M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Thoracic gas compression and exercise-induced bronchodilation can influence the assessment of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during cardiopulmonary exercise tests. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of thoracic gas compression and exercise-induced bronchodilation on the assessment of EFL in children with and without obesity.

Methods
Forty children (10.7 ± 1.0 yr; 27 obese; 15 with EFL) completed pulmonary function tests and incremental exercise tests. Inspiratory capacity maneuvers were performed during the incremental exercise test for the placement of tidal flow volume loops within the maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) loops, and EFL was calculated as the overlap between the tidal and the MEFV loops. MEFV loops were plotted with volume measured at the lung using plethysmography (MEFVp), with volume measured at the mouth using spirometry concurrent with measurements in the plethysmograph (MEFVm), and from spirometry before (MEFVpre) and after (MEFVpost) the incremental exercise test. Only the MEFVp loops were corrected for thoracic gas compression.

Results
Not correcting for thoracic gas compression resulted in incorrect diagnosis of EFL in 23% of children at peak exercise. EFL was 26% ± 15% V
T higher for MEFVm compared with MEFVp (P < 0.001), with no differences between children with and without obesity (P = 0.833). The difference in EFL estimation using MEFVpre (37% ± 30% V
T) and MEFVpost (31% ± 26% V
T) did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.346).

Conclusions
Not correcting the MEFV loops for thoracic gas compression leads to the overdiagnosis and overestimation of EFL. Because most commercially available metabolic measurement systems do not correct for thoracic gas compression during spirometry, there may be a significant overdiagnosis of EFL in cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Therefore, clinicians must exercise caution while interpreting EFL when the MEFV loop is derived through spirometry.
Sex and Sport Differences in College Lacrosse and Soccer Head Impact Biomechanics
Authors: MIHALIK JASON P. , AMALFE STEPHANIE A. , ROBY PATRICIA R. , FORD CASSIE B. , LYNALL ROBERT C. , RIEGLER KAITLIN E. , TEEL ELIZABETH F. , WASSERMAN ERIN B. , PUTUKIAN MARGOT 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Sport-related head impact biomechanics research has been male-centric and focused primarily on American football and ice hockey, which do not address popular sports in which both sexes participate. The purpose of this study was to quantify college female and male lacrosse and soccer head impact biomechanics.

Methods
Head impact biomechanics were collected from college lacrosse and soccer players across two Division 1 college athletic programs (96 female athletes, 141 male athletes; age, 19.8 ± 1.3 yr; height, 174.8 ± 9.2 cm; mass, 72.4 ± 11.7 kg). We deployed helmetless head impact measurement devices (X2 Biosystems xPatch) before each event. Peak linear and rotational accelerations were log-transformed for random intercepts general linear mixed models, and subsequently categorized based on impact magnitude for additional categorical analyses.

Results
Most linear (69.4%) and rotational (72.3%) head impact accelerations sustained by our study cohort were categorized as mild. On average, male athletes sustained impacts with higher linear accelerations than females (P = 0.04), and lacrosse athletes sustained higher linear acceleration impacts than soccer athletes (P = 0.023). Soccer athletes sustained significantly higher-magnitude impacts during competitions versus practices (linear, P < 0.001, rotational, P < 0.001), whereas lacrosse athletes sustained higher-magnitude impacts during practices versus competition (linear, P < 0.001; rotational, P < 0.001). Male athletes sustained higher accelerations in competitions versus practice (linear, P = 0.004; rotational, P < 0.001), whereas female athletes sustained higher accelerations in practice versus competitions (linear, P < 0.001; rotational, P = 0.02). There were no interactions between sex and sport on impact magnitude.

Conclusions
Male athletes and lacrosse athletes experience higher-magnitude head impacts. Given the limited literature in this area, future research should continue characterizing head impact biomechanics in women’s and nonhelmeted sports as well as validate nonhelmeted head impact technologies.
Synergetic Effect of NO Precursor Supplementation and Exercise Training
Authors: LE ROUX-MALLOUF THIBAULT , VALLEJO ANGELA , PELEN FELIX , HALIMAOUI IDIR , DOUTRELEAU STÉPHANE , VERGES SAMUEL 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Nitric oxide (NO) precursor supplementation has been shown to increase NO bioavailability and can potentially improve vascular function and exercise performance. It remains unclear whether the combination of NO precursor supplementation and exercise training has synergic effects on exercise performance. This study aims to assess the effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline intake on exercise training adaptations in healthy young individuals.

Methods
In this randomized, double-bind trial, 24 healthy young (12 females) subjects performed vascular function assessment (blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, postischemia vasodilation, and cerebrovascular reactivity) and both local (submaximal isometric unilateral knee extension) and whole-body (incremental cycling) exercise tests to exhaustion before and after a 2-month exercise training program and daily intake of a placebo or a nitrate-rich salad and citrulline (N + C, 520 mg nitrate and 6 g citrulline) drink. Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps oxygenation was monitored continuously during exercise by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Results
N + C supplementation had no effect on vascular function and muscle and cerebral oxygenation during both local and whole-body exercise. N + C supplementation induced a significantly larger increase in maximal knee extensor strength (+5.1 ± 3.5 vs +0.2 ± 5.5 kg, P = 0.008) as well as a trend toward a larger increase in knee extensor endurance (+35.2 ± 26.1 vs +24.0 ± 10.4 contractions, P = 0.092) than placebo, but no effect on exercise training-induced maximal aerobic performance improvement.

Conclusion
These results suggest that chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation enhances the effect of exercise training on quadriceps muscle function in healthy active young individuals, but this does not translate into improved maximal aerobic performances.
Simulation of a muographic analysis of a volcanic dome in Geant4
Authors: Athanassas Constantin D. , Kitsaki C. , Alexopoulos T. , Gika V. , Maltezos S. 
Published: April 2020

Here we present a Monte Carlo simulation of a muographic campaign on Methana volcano, Greece. In order to estimate the absorption parameters and the pattern of muon scattering at various incident energies (GeV to TeV), a radar-derived digital terrain model (DTM) was submitted to irradiation by horizontal muons in Geant4 and the penetrating muons were collected by a hypothetical MicroMegas particle detector on the other side of the DTM. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that muon energies at least as high as 10 TeV are required for whole-scale radiography of Methana and one has to reduce the scale of study to smaller structures (e.g. ~ 600 m - wide volcanic domes) in order to exploit the more affluent lower energy muons (~ 600 GeV). Coulomb scattering, on the other hand, brings about deflection of muon trajectories away from the detector, resulting in loss of information. Additionally, scattering adds Gaussian blurring to the scanned objects. With the intention of improving contrast and extract objects in muographic image we recommend the use of spatial operators (filters) employed in image analysis.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMEDIATE MASS FRAGMENT INCLUSIVE CROSS SECTIONS IN 20Ne INDUCED INTERACTIONS
Authors: Papadakis N. H. , Et al. - 
Published: April 2020

Inclusive integrated cross sections of intermediate mass fragments have been measured in 20Ne induced reactions on silver and gold targets at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 MeV/nucleon incident energies. Whereas the production yields remain approximately constant for the Ne+Ag system, for incident energies greater than 30 MeV/nucleon, they increase by a factor of 3.5 for the Ne+Au system over the full energy range studied.
AN APPLICATION OF THE DEMOCRATIC MAPPING IN REALISTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Skouras L. D. , Van Isacker P. , Nagarajan M. A. 
Published: April 2020

The democratic mapping is used for the calculation of low lying states of nuclei in the sd and fp shells. In addition to demonstrating the applicability of the method in realistic cases where many non-degenerate levels are present, the method allows for the ranking of the various bosons according to their importance as building blocks of low lying states. It is proven that the s and d bosons are the most important building blocks, followed by the d' and g bosons. Thus one of the basic assumptions of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM) is proven to be correct. Very good agreement between the boson calculation and the shell model results is obtained for A = 20 nuclei when 12 bosons are taken into account, while an even larger number of bosons is required to reproduce the low-lying states of the A = 44 nuclei. In order to obtain equally good results with a smaller number of bosons one needs to introduce effective boson hamiltonians which correspond to truncated fermion spaces.