bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfit for Work, Fit for Firearm or driving license - Is that Possible?
Authors: Lalić Hrvoje 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are not compatible with carrying firearms or with driving a car. Persons with such disorders are often not employed and are persistent in demanding invalidity pensions, but some of them also insist on holding on to the mentioned licenses. In such cases, where persons are already in possession of firearms and driving licences, it never occurs to them, that they should surrender their permits back. AIM Pointing to the importance of OM controlling firearm/car driving licenses.
CASE REPORTS: This paper discusses the problem of three cases that should be widely recognised as it is potentially life-threatening to other people. The first is the case of a war veteran in retirement with PTSD that had his application for firearms licence rejected by the authorities. The second is the case of a labourer who suffers from a depressive disorder, temporarily incapable of work. The third is the case of a war veteran, a chronic alcoholic with toxic epilepsy, who is applying for invalidity retirement but wants to keep his driving license.
CONCLUSION: Occupational medicine assess every single worker by applying advanced methods and psycho tests that enable a thorough assessment of work capacity and fitness for carriage of firearms, driving as well as the assessment of psychiatric disorders, which are the most delicate to assess.
Repenser la frontière
Authors: Aubès Françoise , Olivier Florence 
Published: November 2019

Cet article d’introduction rend compte d’une réflexion menée depuis 1991 au fil de quatre numéros de la revue (8, 13, 39, 53). Pensés et écrits avec les outils méthodologiques de l’époque et avant les grands événements qui reconfigureront la géographie mondiale – chute du mur de Berlin, disparition de l’URSS, etc. –, ces premiers numéros abordent la question de la frontière territoriale de manière encore binaire et frontale, la frontière mexicaine restant le paradigme par excellence, tandis qu’au niveau littéraire, sa représentation reste dans la lignée des innovations du boom. En 2010 América. Cahiers du CRICCAL publiait Transamériques. Les échanges culturels et continentaux. On y lisait comment la notion de frontière était devenue une notion plus fluide, synonyme de passage, transnationalisation, décentrement, mouvement diasporique à l’aune de nouvelles réalités et de nouvelles théories : le sujet migrant devenant protagoniste. Le présent numéro aborde ces réflexions dans le contexte de travaux récents sous l’effet d’évolutions de l’Amérique latine.
Patient-Family-Nurse Interactions in the Trauma-Resuscitation Room
Authors: Morse Janice M. , Pooler Charlotte 
Published: November 2019

• Background Controversy about the presence of patients’ family members in the emergency department has centered on the trauma-resuscitation room. Little is known about interactions of patients’ family members with the patients and with nurses or about the ramifications of the presence of patients’ family members at the bedside.
• Objectives To describe behavioral responses of family members of patients and the interactions of the family members with nurses and the patient in the trauma room.
• Methods A secondary analysis was done of 193 videotapes of trauma room care. Of these, 88 tapes showed the presence of patients’ family members, for a total of 42 hours. Qualitative ethology and a model of suffering as a scaffold were used to analyze verbal and nonverbal interactions between nurses, patients’ family members, and patients. Behaviors and verbal interactions of patients and their families were coded as to persons who were enduring and persons who were emotionally suffering. Categories were described.
• Results Whether a patient’s family members entered the trauma room depended on the patient’s condition, the patient’s behavioral state, and the nature of the treatments. Categories of interactions were families learning to endure, patients failing to endure, family emotionally suffering and patient enduring, patient and family enduring, and resolution of enduring. The interaction style of the nurses involved was particular to each of these states. Two instances of inappropriate interactions occurred.
• Conclusions Nurses can use the Model of Suffering as a framework to assess behavioral and emotional states and to select appropriate strategies to comfort patients’ family members.
Impact of a Prolonged Surgical Critical Illness on Patients’ Families
Authors: Swoboda Sandra M. , Lipsett Pamela A. 
Published: November 2019

• Background Long-term effects on patients’ families after a prolonged stay in a surgical intensive care unit are unclear. We hypothesized that illnesses requiring more than 7 days’ stay in the surgical intensive care unit would have significant, long-lasting effects on patients’ families that would be related to patients’ functional outcome.
• Methods All patients who stayed in the general surgery intensive care unit 7 days or more between July 1, 1996, and June 30, 1997, were enrolled. A total of 128 patients met the entry criteria, and families of surviving patients were interviewed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later. Maximum dysfunction/impact was compared with patients’ functional outcome.
• Results Significant disturbances in the families’ lives occurred throughout the 12 months of this study. Almost 60% of responding families provided a moderate or large amount of caregiving between 1 and 9 months after a prolonged illness, 44.9% had to quit work after 1 month, and more than 36.7% of families had lost savings after 1 year. Some families moved to a less expensive home, delayed educational plans, or delayed medical care for another family member.
• Conclusions An acute surgical illness that results in a prolonged stay in an intensive care unit has a substantial effect on patients’ families that is maximal between 1 and 3 months and parallels the patient’s functional outcome. Systems that provide support to both patients and their families should be emphasized in the hospital and after discharge.
Outpatient Costs of Medications for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hussey Leslie C. , Hardin Sonya , Blanchette Christopher 
Published: November 2019

• Background The outpatient costs of medications prescribed for chronic heart failure are high and are often borne by individual patients. Lack of financial resources may force noncompliance with use of medications.
• Objective To compare the outpatient costs of medications for patients with different New York Heart Association classifications of chronic heart failure.
• Methods The charts of 138 patients with chronic heart failure were reviewed retrospectively. Outpatient costs of medications were obtained from the Web sites of commercial pharmacies. Medications were classified by type according to the system of the American Heart Association. A mean cost for each classification of medication was used for analysis.
• Results The overall mean monthly cost of medications for chronic heart failure was $438. Patients with class II and class III chronic heart failure had the highest costs: $541 and $514, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that the differences in monthly costs of medications between the patients with the 4 stages of chronic heart failure were significant (F = 4.86, P = .003). A post hoc Scheffé test revealed significant differences in costs between patients with class I and patients with class II heart failure (P=.02) and between patients with class I and those with class III heart failure (P=.02).
• Conclusions The outpatient costs of medications for chronic heart failure are significant. Ability to pay for prescribed medications must be determined. Healthcare professionals must maintain an awareness of the costs of medications and patients’ ability to pay.
Achieving Quality Health Outcomes Through the Implementation of a Spontaneous Awakening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Protocol
Authors: Jones Kimmith , Newhouse Robin , Johnson Karen , Seidl Kristin 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Continuous sedation infusions can lead to prolonged treatment with mechanical ventilation (MV), resulting in serious complications. Spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) are strategies that limit the amount of sedative agents a patient receives and promote extubation.

Objective:
The objective of this performance improvement project was to evaluate the outcomes of an evidence-based practice protocol that included SATs and SBTs on the duration of treatment with MV, ventilator utilization ratio (VUR), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and incidence of self-extubations and reintubations.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 112 discharged patients’ medical records was used for this descriptive, comparative secondary data analysis. An evidence-based SAT/SBT practice protocol was designed by a multidisciplinary team and implemented. Three months after the implementation, a retrospective medical record review was conducted to evaluate patient outcomes.

Results:
The median duration of treatment with MV was significantly lower in the postprotocol group (3.8 days vs 2.7 days, U = 1222, Z = −2.013, P = .04, r = 0.19). A significant decrease was found in the VUR (0.68 vs 0.52, U = 2.5, Z = −2.293, P = .02, r = 0.69). No difference was found in the ICU LOS and frequency of self-extubation or reintubation after a self-extubation between the preprotocol and postprotocol groups. Ten of 45 SAT opportunities (22%) and 67 of 130 SBT opportunities (52%) were missed by the nurse or the respiratory therapist.

Conclusion:
The duration of treatment with MV and the VUR were reduced in patients who received the SAT/SBT protocol. The incidence of self-extubation was not different when an SAT was implemented. The ICU LOS was not reduced in patients who received SATs and SBTs.
Improving Nurses’ Knowledge of Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring
Authors: Chronister Connie 
Published: November 2019

Background:Continuous ST-segment monitoring can result in detection of myocardial ischemia, but in clinical practice, continuous ST-segment monitoring is conducted incorrectly and underused by many registered nurses (RNs). Many RNs are unable to correctly institute ST-segment monitoring guidelines because of a lack of education.Purpose:To evaluate whether an educational intervention, provided to 32 RNs, increases knowledge and correct clinical decision making (CDM) for the use of continuous ST-segment monitoring.Methods:At a single institution, an ST-segment monitoring class was provided to RNs in 2 cardiovascular units. Knowledge and correct CDM instruments were used for a baseline pretest and subsequent posttest after ST-segment monitoring education.Results:Statistical significance between pretest and posttest scores for knowledge and correct CDM practice was noted with dependent t tests (P = .0001).Conclusions:Many RNs responsible for electrocardiographic monitoring are not aware of evidence-based ST-segment monitoring practice guidelines and cannot properly place precordial leads needed for ST-segment monitoring. Knowledge and correct CDM with ST-segment monitoring can be improved with focused education.
Redesigning Orientation in an Intensive Care Unit Using 2 Theoretical Models
Authors: Kozub Elizabeth , Hibanada-Laserna Maribel , Harget Gwen , Ecoff Laurie 
Published: November 2019

Background:To accommodate a higher demand for critical care nurses, an orientation program in a surgical intensive care unit was revised and streamlined. Two theoretical models served as a foundation for the revision and resulted in clear clinical benchmarks for orientation progress evaluation.Purpose:The purpose of the project was to integrate theoretical frameworks into practice to improve the unit orientation program.Methods:Performance improvement methods served as a framework for the revision, and outcomes were measured before and after implementation.Results:The revised orientation program increased 1- and 2-year nurse retention and decreased turnover. Critical care knowledge increased after orientation for both the preintervention and postintervention groups.Conclusion:Incorporating a theoretical basis for orientation has been shown to be successful in increasing the number of nurses completing orientation and improving retention, turnover rates, and knowledge gained.
LA Â«DIZIONEÂ» FORMALE DELLâ€™ Â«ITALO CIGNOÂ» NOTAZIONI DI STILE E DI LINGUA NELLA POESIA E NELLA PROSA DI GIUSEPPE PARINI
Authors: Vitale Maurizio 
Published: November 2019

Il lavoro illustra lâ€™aspetto linguistico del Parini poeta e prosatore. In esso si esamina la pressochÃ© intera opera poetica (Alcune poesie di Ripano Eupilino, le Odi, Il Giorno nelle parti stampate e nelle revisioni successive, il Vespro, la Notte con i suoi frammenti; un manipolo cospicuo delle Poesie Varie, oltre che le opere drammatiche) e si prendono in considerazione le forme dello stile, il lessico e la grammatica (fonetica, morfologia, sintassi), rilevandone i valori nel quadro della tradizione poetica dal Cinquecento al Settecento, ampiamente citata. E si esamina altresÃ¬ la prosa pariniana (polemica, critica, giornalistica, retorica), con il proposito non solo di metter in luce i caratteri elaborati da un â€œletteratoâ€ classicista del secondo Settecento, ma altresÃ¬ di porre a confronto la diversa disposizione del Parini nel suo esercizio poetico e nel suo differenziato esercizio prosastico. Per quanto riguarda la parte poetica, il lavoro Ã¨ mirato a dimostrare, sul piano formale ed espressivo, lâ€™umanesimo culturale e il razionalismo e sensismo realistico del Parini, che si esprimono, con la coerente adesione al classicismo latino e volgare, nella finissima adozione di figure retoriche, nella assunzione di un lessico insieme elevatissimo e comune, con tratti tecnici, esotici ed idiomatici, e nellâ€™impiego di forme grammaticali e sintattiche di classica e moderna fattura. Per quanto riguarda la parte prosastica, Ã¨ orientato a mostrare, nella varietÃ dei modi linguistici, la patina coerentemente tradizionalistica.
Balut
Authors: Magat Margaret 
Published: November 2019

Grounded in folkloristics and anthropology, Margaret Magat explores both the traditional and popular culture contexts of balut. Balut – fertilized duck or chicken eggs that have developed into fully formed embryos with feathers and beaks – is a delicacy which elicits passionate responses. Hailed as an aphrodisiac in Filipino culture, balut is often seen and used as an object of revulsion and disgust in western popular culture.
Drawing on interviews, participant observation, reality television programs, travel shows, food blogs, and balut-eating contests, Magat examines balut production and consumption, its role in drinking rituals, sex, and the supernatural, vampire-like legends behind it. Balut reveals how traditional foods are used in the performance of identity and ethnicity, inspiring a virtual online cottage industry via social media as well as the impact globalization and migration are having on cultural practices and food consumption across the world.
The first academic book on balut, this is essential reading for anyone in food studies, folklore studies, anthropology, and Asian American studies.
Writing with Blood: The Transformative Pedagogy of Teaching Students to Write Manifestos
Authors: Fahs Breanne 
Published: November 2019

Given that manifestos are an understudied genre of writing, few undergraduate students learn about their history, style, and potential political impact. This essay reviews the history of manifestos, followed by descriptions of teaching students to write their own manifesto in an upper-division women and gender studies course I teach on radical writings. The rewards and possibilities of manifesto writing, alongside the hazards of teaching manifesto writing in a formalized institutional setting like academia, are explored.
UNIVERSAL SCALING BEHAVIOR OF THE TACKINESS OF POLYMER MELTS
Authors: Wang You , Zhou Aiping , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTTack properties of nine linear polyisoprenes (PIPs) with molecular weights ranging from 84 to 476 kg/mol and two star-branched PIPs with molecular weights ranging from 609 to 1130 kg/mol were investigated on various surfaces, such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, quartz, and plastics. In the investigation, a finger-sized cylindrical rod having a flat end face was brought into contact with a PIP polymer. After equilibrium was reached, the cylindrical rod was removed from the substrate at a constant pull-off velocity, Vs. We found that when the pulling speed (Vs) is greater than a critical speed (Vc), the maximum tack force (Fmax) can be generally described by the following scaling relationships: Fmax ∼ Vs1/3 and Fmax ∼ tmax−1/2, where tmax is the time when the maximum force is reached in the force–time profile. Remarkably, this scaling behavior of the tackiness appears to be universal, as it is independent of the adhered surface preparation, the molecular weight distribution, and the linear or branched chain structure of a polymer melt.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Philosophy of Nonviolence and Truth
Authors: Allen Douglas ,   Eastern Illinois University
Published: November 2019

In commemoration of the 150th birthday of M. K. ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi, Douglas Allen, author of Gandhi After 9/11, presents an overview of Gandhi’s philosophy focused on two key values or concepts: Truth (Satya) and Nonviolence (Ahimsa). The presentation is offered as an alternative to non-Gandhians, anti-Gandhians, or reactionary Gandhians who often over-idealized the man and his philosophy. With respect to Ahimsa or Nonviolence, it may be easy to see how the value works against overt, physical violence. However, for Gandhi such examples are only a small part of violence overall. For Gandhi, violence and nonviolence are multidimensional, encompassing our personal ego-driven desires and our widespread economic exploitations. Each dimension of violence or nonviolence is both causal and conditioning, beginning with the experiences of children. Ahimsa should therefore be approached as relational and interconnected. Gandhi approaches the structural violence of the status quo by insisting upon transformative structural nonviolence. Gandhi’s approach to Truth or Satya requires a distinction between Absolute Truth and relative truth. Although Gandhi works with an experiential knowledge of Absolute Truth, he was not an absolutist. Gandhi’s primary focus was upon relative truth, which yields temporary and imperfect ‘glimpses’ of the absolute. In relations with others, we seek kinship with bearers of relative truth. This is the significance of Gandhi’s claim that means and ends are intertwined. With others we seek mutual discovery of relative truths generating greater relative truth. Gandhi’s well known Absolute Nonviolence may prevent us from apprehending its relationship to relative transformations in contextual situations.
Effects of the Interation of Metformin and Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) On Steptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Oluwayemi A. T. , Nwachuku E. O. , Holy B. 
Published: November 2019

The effects of Vernonia amygdalina and metformin in lowering glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. A total of 120 Wistar albino males and females rats weighing approximately 200 g were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in the rats using 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin, and it was confirmed by checking the glucose levels of the rats. Rats with glucose level greater than 10 mmol/L were considered diabetic. The extract, metformin and a combination of the extract and metformin were given orally to different groups of diabetic rats daily for 10 weeks. Four rats were sacrificed every 2 weeks, and blood samples were collected from all the groups to estimate glucose, total protein and liver enzymes. The data obtained were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between groups were established using Dunnets. The extract and metformin produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in plasma glucose concentrations in the diabetic rats. There was also a reduction in the plasma glucose of the rats that received a combination of the extract and metformin. The decrease in the blood glucose concentrations of the diabetic rats following the administration of the extract suggests that it possesses hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The presence of flavonoids, saponins and other phytochemicals in the extract must have acted to potentiate the hypoglycemic role of the extract.
Molecular Characterization of Global Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana, L. Gaertn) germplasm Reaction to Striga in Kenya
Authors: Nyongesa Sirengo Peter , Simiyu Wamalwa Dennis , Chrispus Oduor , Achieng Odeny Damaris , George Dangasuk Otto 
Published: November 2019

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana, L. Gaertn) is an important food crop in Africa and Asia. The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth limits finger millet production through reduced yield in agro-ecologies where they exist. The damage of Striga to cereal crops is more severe under drought and low soil fertility. This study aims to determine genetic basis for reaction to Striga hermonthica among the selected germplasm of finger millets through genotyping by sequencing (GBS). One hundred finger millet genotypes were evaluated for reaction to Striga hermonthica infestation under field conditions at Alupe and Kibos in Western Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 10 x 10 square (triple lattice) under Striga (inoculated) and no Striga conditions and plant growth monitored to maturity after 110 days. All genotypes were genotyped by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and data analyzed using the non-reference based Universal Network Enabled Analysis Kit (UNEAK) pipeline. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were done to establish the association of detected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with Striga reaction based on field results. In molecular analysis 117,542 SNPs from raw GBS data used in GWAS revealed that markers TP 85424 and TP 88244 were associated with Striga resistance in the 95 genotypes. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the first and third component axes accounted for 2.5 and 8% of total variance respectively and the genotypes were distributed according to their reaction to Striga weed. Genetic diversity analysis grouped the 95 accessions into three major clusters containing; 32 (A), 56 (B), and 7 (C) genotypes. All finger millet genotypes that showed high resistance to Striga in the field were from cluster B while the most susceptible genotypes were from clusters A and C. Results revealed genetic variation for Striga resistance in cultivated finger millet genotypes and hence the possibility of marker –assisted breeding for resistance to Striga.