bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Continuous Quality Improvement in Community-based Programming During Disasters: Lessons Learned from the 2015 Ebola Crisis in Sierra Leone
Authors: Nally Cora , Temmerman Marleen , Van de Voorde Patrick , Koroma Adama , Adam Mary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the CQI (Continuous Quality Improvement) process of collecting and analyzing field level qualitative data in an ongoing cycle. This data can be used to guide decision-making for effective emergency response. When medical and community components are integrated from the earliest stages of the disaster, it allows for true collaboration and supports the CQI process to be responsive to evolving data. Our CQI process identified and addressed gaps in communication and coordination, problems with strategy implementation and, on a conceptual level, gaps in the disaster response model. The 2015 Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone provided a case study demonstrating improved effectiveness when a CQI approach is implemented in the Humanitarian Setting, equally in terms of reducing disease spread, and in meeting the broader needs of the population served.
All the President's Men: Comparing the Secretary General of the French Presidency and the US Chief of Staff in an Era of Presidentialization
Authors: Martigny Vincent , Peters B. Guy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article compares the Secretary General of the Elysée Palace and the US Chief of Staff, central political advisors to the French and US presidents. Our aim is twofold. Firstly, we identify the precise roles of these advisors. By mapping their respective powers, we demonstrate their importance in presidential decision-making. By examining what the French Elysée Secretary General and the US White House Chief of Staff have in common and how they differ, we develop a comparative understanding of the mechanisms of the presidentialization of political executives. We show that the similarities of the two offices are linked to the ongoing presidentialization of the French and American political systems, which, by giving greater power to heads of state, also strengthens their advisors. This commonality does not rule out marked differences between these officials, demonstrating that presidentialization takes distinct forms, reflecting distinct political cultures as well as different balances of power within each institutional system.
Closure of Constraints as a Theoretical Model
Authors: Rider Campbell 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper I offer a model-theoretic interpretation of Autonomy Theory as defended by Moreno, Mossio, Montévil, and Bich. I address accusations that Autonomy Theory is excessively liberal, such as those made by Garson (2017), arguing that these misunderstand the role of strategic abstractions and generalizations in theory construction. Conceiving of closure of constraints as a model-building effort that emphasizes generality—in the spirit of Levins (1966)—also clarifies its potential for application in empirical contexts.
The first record of the appearance of green turtles in the winter in a summer-to-autumn habitat in northeast Japan
Authors: Fukuoka Takuya , Fukuda Kaito 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent increases in seawater temperature have been predicted to induce a poleward shift in the distribution of marine organisms. This study reports the first record of the winter appearance of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in a habitat restricted to summer and autumn in northeast Japan. One individual was observed by a diver at Tomari-hama on the Oshika Peninsula (38°21′ N, 141°31′ E) on 28 December 2023. Another individual was incidentally captured in a fixed net near Tashiro-jima on the Oshika Peninsula (38°17′ N, 141°24′ E) on 18 April 2024 with a straight carapace length of 41.5 cm and body mass of 6.4 kg. Because previous bycatch surveys show that the earliest and latest appearances of green turtles in this area occurred in late June and late November, respectively, the occurrences reported in this study were two months earlier and one month later. The sea surface temperatures at the time of these observations were 15.9 and 16.0°C, respectively, which are 3.5 and 6.6°C higher than those of normal years. The unexpected winter appearance of green turtles implies an expansion of the habitable period for this species in response to climate change, and it, therefore, is emphasizes the need for continued monitoring surveys to collect additional sightings.
Novel Pharyngeal Oxygen Delivery Device Provides Superior Oxygenation during Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Hanson Jeramie B. , Williams John R. , Garmon Emily H. , Morris Phillip M. , McAllister Russell K. , Culp William C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Passive oxygenation with non-rebreather face mask (NRFM) has been used during cardiac arrest as an alternative to positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with bag-valve-mask (BVM) to minimize chest compression disruptions. A dual-channel pharyngeal oxygen delivery device (PODD) was created to open obstructed upper airways and provide oxygen at the glottic opening. It was hypothesized for this study that the PODD can deliver oxygen as efficiently as BVM or NRFM and oropharyngeal airway (OPA) in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manikin model.Methods:Oxygen concentration was measured in test lungs within a resuscitation manikin. These lungs were modified to mimic physiologic volumes, expansion, collapse, and recoil. Automated compressions were administered. Five trials were performed for each of five arms: (1) CPR with 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio using BVM with 15 liters per minute (LPM) oxygen; continuous compressions with passive oxygenation using (2) NRFM and OPA with 15 LPM oxygen, (3) PODD with 10 LPM oxygen, (4) PODD with 15 LPM oxygen; and (5) control arm with compressions only.Results:Mean peak oxygen concentrations were: (1) 30:2 CPR with BVM 49.3% (SD = 2.6%); (2) NRFM 47.7% (SD = 0.2%); (3) PODD with 10 LPM oxygen 52.3% (SD = 0.4%); (4) PODD with 15 LPM oxygen 62.7% (SD = 0.3%); and (5) control 21% (SD = 0%). Oxygen concentrations rose rapidly and remained steady with passive oxygenation, unlike 30:2 CPR with BVM, which rose after each ventilation and decreased until the next ventilation cycle (sawtooth pattern, mean concentration 40% [SD = 3%]).Conclusions:Continuous compressions and passive oxygenation with the PODD resulted in higher lung oxygen concentrations than NRFM and BVM while minimizing CPR interruptions in a manikin model.
Effect of egg consumption on early childhood development: evidence from Un Oeuf study
Authors: Ernyey Helen , Tiwari Chhavi , Stark Heather , Hunniford Emma , N’Diaye Aissata Wereme , Zare Yacouba , Omer Anteneh , McKune Sarah Lindley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Recent studies have shown that inclusion of eggs in young children’s diet can help meet nutritional requirements associated with cognitive development. This study aims to investigate the effect of egg consumption on early childhood development using Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 in Burkina Faso.

Design:
The study presented here uses data collected during a follow-up of the Un Oeuf-a three-arm clustered randomised controlled trial (RCT), conducted roughly 4 months after the end of the RCT.

Setting:
This research was conducted in eighteen rural villages within the Kaya Department of the Sanmatenga Province in Burkina Faso.

Participants:
Participants of this study include a total of 244 children aged between 18 and 33 months, with seventy-eight children in the full intervention group, eighty-three in the partial group, and eighty-three in the control group.

Results:
Results show that children with consistent egg consumption (in all months) had a lower odd of falling below the cut-off scores in gross motor (

${\rm{OR}} = {\rm 0\!\cdot\!13},{\it P} = \rm{0\!\cdot\!02}$

) and personal social skills (

${\rm{OR}} = 0\!\cdot\!34,{\it P} =0 \!\cdot\!05$

). And a dose–response was established; for each additional egg/week, a 1·9 % increase in scores for problem-solving skills was observed.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study contribute to a growing body of evidence that increasing egg consumption among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) can improve growth and development. The study highlights the need for additional research in LMIC to better understand the multifactorial relationship between diet and childhood development.
Exploring the uptake of economic evaluation in Spanish reports positioning medicines for public reimbursement
Authors: Vallejo-Torres Laura , Oliva-Moreno Juan , Lobo Félix 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic positioning reports (IPTs, Spanish acronym) are a crucial tool for informing funding and pricing decisions for drugs in the Spanish healthcare system. In 2020, for the first time the inclusion of economic evaluations (EEs) was explicitly set as a primary objective in a new Action Plan aimed at consolidating IPTs. This paper seeks to examine the uptake of EE into IPTs and to compare the methods and techniques employed in the EEs conducted during the two-year pilot phase following the reform, i.e., from June 2021 to July 2023. During this period, a total of 181 IPTs were published, with 19 (10.5%) incorporating an EE section. However, out of these 19 identified IPTs, six did not actually conduct a de novo EE, and four only performed a drug cost minimisation analysis. Six IPTs conducted EE analyses following international methodological standards. Based on this review, we observe that the percentage of IPTs incorporating EEs had remained low and exhibited significant heterogeneity. The experience of these two years must be translated into lessons that can serve to reinforce the evaluation of the efficiency of medicines in Spain in the coming years.
Boundary assembly: An institutional proposal for democratizing membership politics
Authors: Ahlhaus Svenja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
How should democratic communities decide who should belong? Recent debates about issues such as voting rights for prisoners, denationalization policies or citizenship tests raise this fundamental democratic question. While many scholars argue that decisions about citizenship and voting rights should be more inclusive of subjected outsiders and more independent from electoral partisan politics, we still lack institutional proposals for inclusive and independent membership politics. This article contributes to the nascent institutional turn in the debate about democratic membership boundaries. My aim is to show that normative debates about membership politics can benefit from recent advances in democratic theory on sortition-based democratic innovations, constructive representation and systems thinking.
I argue that membership politics could be democratized by introducing a randomly selected political institution, which I call ‘boundary assembly’, that equally represents members and nonmembers and is charged with making binding decisions on a subset of a state’s membership questions. I argue that the strongest objections to empowered randomly selected assemblies (shortcut objection, alienation objection, capture objection, technocracy objection) lose most of their force in the ‘extraordinary’ political context of decisions on membership boundaries. Boundary assemblies cannot ‘solve’ the democratic boundary problem, but they could be a first step toward more democratic membership politics.
Influence of Early Spring Arctic Sea Ice on Midsummer Precipitation in Northeast China: The Intermediate Links and Temporal‐Spatial Channels
Authors: Yuan Dian , Lu Er 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that the Arctic sea ice in March can influence the July–August (JA) precipitation over northeast China (NEC). We are curious about what happens in the atmosphere during the intermediate months of April, May, and June. In this study, we use atmospheric heat source as an intermediate quantity to link the sea ice and precipitation, and aim to find the intermediate stations where atmospheric heat source can well link to both March Arctic sea ice and the JA precipitation in NEC. The stations can appear in different locations and different intermediate months. Lagged correlations are calculated to infer the response of the heat source to sea ice and the response of precipitation to the heat source. Results show that there exist two spatial‐temporal channels. The first is a direct path over high latitudes, with intermediate station appearing in April at a location between Arctic and NEC. The second is a circuitous path, with intermediate station appearing in June over the equatorial Indian Ocean, which can excite a wave train that finally affects the JA precipitation in NEC. The influence of March Arctic sea ice on the JA precipitation in NEC can be contributed jointly by these two temporal‐spatial channels.
The Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition in the Slovenian Basin (Alpine Atlantic): Further Evidence for Palaeoenvironmental Record in Pelagic Sediments
Authors: Lodowski D. G. , Grabowski J. , Rožič B. , Žvab‐Rožič P. , Reháková D. , Slapnik L. , Iwańczuk J. , Chmielewski A. , Teodorski A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the vast area of present‐day Europe, the Tithonian–Berriasian transition was a time of climate aridization, which was supposedly related to the more general trend of the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous cooling and restrictions in atmospheric circulation. Recent studies suggest that such conditions affected also some other paleoenvironmental processes such as monsoonal upwellings, seafloor ventilation and circulation of nutrients within the water column. In order to test this model, the uppermost Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous sedimentary succession of the Slovenian Basin was correlated with a reference data from the Bakony Basin (Transdanubian Range, Hungary). Stratigraphic calibration was ensured by integrated stratigraphy, utilizing bio‐ (calpionellids, calcareous dinocysts) and chemostratigraphic tools (δ13C stratigraphy) as well as regional correlations of magnetic susceptibility and terrigenous input. Paleoclimate, paleoredox and paleoproductivity conditions were evaluated based on various geochemical proxies. Both the Slovenian and the Bakony basin sections were found to document late Tithonian–early Berriasian climate aridization as well as related signals of seafloor hypoxia and elevated accumulations of micronutrients. Significant geochemical contrast between the basal (lower Tithonian) radiolarites and overlying upper Tithonian–Berriasian carbonates evidences the inverse relation between the surface productivity and the amount of nutrient‐type trace metals buried in sediments. The rhythm of paleoclimatically controlled environmental changes, with relatively humid early Tithonian, arid late Tithonian–early Berriasian, and again humid late Berriasian, correlates with those estimated for Vocontian Basin (SE France) and the Sub‐Boreal domain of Western and Central Europe. This indicates that climatic stratigraphy is a useful tool for global correlation of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval.
Elasticity of Nacrite: Implications for Subduction Zone Dynamics
Authors: Das Ishita , Shukla Gaurav 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSubduction zones exhibit heterogeneities in composition due to different mineral assemblages transported into the mantle by the descending slabs, thus affecting the seismic properties of the region. These minerals are typically rich in alumina and silica and often contain hydrous phases. Nacrite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4, a mineral consisting of these components, forms in basaltic crust through hydrothermal alteration and is frequently overlooked due to its structural alikeness with its polytypes, making it hard to distinguish by traditional methods. Its occurrence in oceanic sediments and altered basaltic crust significantly impacts the subduction process by facilitating the transport of water into deeper mantle regions. In this study, we investigate the equation of state and elasticity of nacrite using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory corrected for dispersive forces over its pressure stability range. Anomalous behavior of elastic coefficients are suggestive of a polytypic transformation, evidenced by anomalous softening in the shear modulus and a decrease of approximately 3% in shear wave velocity observed at low pressures ( 2 GPa). Our studies indicate that nacrite exhibits a significantly lower shear wave velocity compared to the surrounding mantle, resulting in very high VP/VS ratios. These findings emphasize the role of nacrite in the subduction zones of Japan and Alaska, particularly in the formation of low‐velocity layers. We propose that nacrite's presence is a significant factor explaining these observations, alongside other hydrous minerals like lawsonite, glaucophane, etc., contributing to the low‐velocity layers in these regions.
Atmospheric Dryness Dominates Afternoon Depression of Global Terrestrial Photosynthesis
Authors: Liu Yue , Peñuelas Josep , Cescatti Alessandro , Zhang Yongguang , Zhang Zhaoying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSatellite observations reveal a widespread afternoon depression of photosynthesis globally. Utilizing satellite observations and eddy covariance tower‐based observations worldwide, we investigated the impact of climate factors on the diurnal patterns of ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). Our analysis revealed that the increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) shifts the diurnal peak of GPP activity to earlier morning hours, particularly in drylands and areas with short vegetation. After disentangling the strong correlations among VPD, temperature, and soil moisture, we unraveled that VPD emerges as the dominant driver contributing to the widespread afternoon depression of photosynthesis in terrestrial vegetation globally. However, Earth System Models (ESMs) systematically underestimate the significant role of VPD in regulating photosynthesis. Eight out of 10 ESMs exhibited a clear afternoon increase in photosynthesis, which was attributed to temperature. Our findings emphasize the need to enhance the negative effects of VPD on diurnal photosynthesis in ESMs.
Multi‐Frequency SuperDARN HF Radar Observations of the Ionospheric Response to the October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse
Authors: Thomas E. G. , Shepherd S. G. , Kunduri B. S. R. , Themens D. R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn annular solar eclipse was visible on 14 October 2023 from 15:00–21:00 UT as its path traveled across North, Central, and South America. In this letter, we present the first multi‐frequency Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations of the bottomside ionospheric response to a solar eclipse using a novel experimental mode designed for the October 2023 annular eclipse. We compare our results from the mid‐latitude Christmas Valley East radar with measurements of the vertical electron density profile from the nearby Boulder Digisonde, finding the changes in 1‐ and 2‐hop ground scatter skip distance are well correlated with the ‐layer density response, which lags the peak obscuration by 30 min. Changes in the line‐of‐sight Doppler shifts are better aligned with the time derivative of eclipse obscuration.
Contribution of EMIC and Chorus Waves to the Formation of the Three‐Belt of Ultra‐Relativistic Electrons
Authors: Yang Chang , Yue Jiaxu , Yang Hongming , He Zhaoguo , Xiao Fuliang , Zhang Sai , He Yihua , Liu Si , Zhou Qinghua , Gao Zhonglei , Jin Yuyue , Zhao Hui , Johnston Archie James 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Earth's radiation belts are usually composed of an inner and an outer zone. Previous studies have reported a third belt of ultra‐relativistic electrons, but the mechanism requires to be further clarified. Here we report a very interesting feature of MeV electrons during two storms in October 2018. During the October 7 storm the electrons in the region were quickly scattered by EMIC waves, leading to a storage ring left between . Over the following days, due to the chorus‐driven acceleration, electron fluxes significantly increased in the region , consequently allowing for a three‐belt structure. During the October 13 storm the electrons in the region were swept away by EMIC waves, leaving a narrow outer radiation belt confined within the region for several days. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the EMIC‐driven loss and chorus‐induced acceleration can account for the formation and evolution of the third‐belt morphology.
Examining the Impacts of Assimilating Vertically Integrated Ice in WRF Simulations of Two Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Miller R. L. , Coniglio M. C. , Mansell E. R. , Ziegler C. L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo better understand nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) dynamics, a novel data assimilation (DA) method has been developed and applied to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model for two Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) MCS cases. This method is similar to the lightning DA (LDA) technique discussed in Fierro et al. (2012), https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr‐d‐11‐00299.1, wherein lightning data is used to nudge a column toward saturation by increasing water vapor mixing ratio. For the present study, vertically integrated ice (VII) is used in lieu of lightning to introduce virtual thermal buoyancy in the updraft column. Since VII is indicative of deep convective updrafts, VII DA should introduce buoyant updrafts before the appearance of lightning while also decreasing errors in timing and location of convection initiation. This study demonstrates the skill of the VII method compared to both a control simulation and a LDA simulation.
Climatological Adaptive Bias Correction of Climate Models
Authors: Scinocca J. F. , Kharin V. V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAll Earth System Models (ESMs) have climatological biases relative to the observed historical climate. The quality of a model and, more importantly, the accuracy of its predictions are often associated with the magnitude and properties of its biases. For more than a decade, new strategies have been developed to empirically reduce such biases in the model components of ESMs during their execution. The present study considers a cyclostationary class of empirical runtime bias corrections to a climate model, referred to here as empirical runtime bias corrections (ERBCs). Such ERBCs are state independent and designed to reduce biases in the climatological annual cycle of the model. We present a new procedure for deriving such ERBCs called Climatological Adaptive Bias Correction (CABCOR). CABCOR is argued to be superior to the standard relaxation approach to defining ERBCs because it requires only a climatological, rather than a multi‐year time evolving, observational reference data set. As part of this study, we perform a novel analysis of the relaxation approach in which a mapping is made between the parameter values that define the relaxation and the biases produced by ERBCs in the corrected model. This allows us to identify the optimal bias correction produced by the relaxation approach and to additionally demonstrate that the CABCOR approach can produce bias‐corrected models with smaller climatological biases.