bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compaction Drive Characterization for Field Development Screening
Authors: Ali Amna , Bacci Giacomo , Da Cruz Mauro , Harrison Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Evaluation of reservoir drive mechanisms is an important part of the field development planning process as it underpins recovery and defines project scope. Optimization of project scope (and resulting CAPEX) and the associated recoverable resource requires understanding of the natural reservoir energy and contribution of Improved Oil Recovery techniques such as water injection. This paper describes the evaluation of compaction drive for deep water fields for a development screening study. Pore volume compressibility has been characterized based on field burial depth, core analysis, tidal analysis and log data. Integration of this data provides a valuable knowledge base for regional screening and to bridge data gaps by enabling the use of more readily available log data for fields where a specific core laboratory test is not available.
The primary source of information for pore volume compressibility is the laboratory testing on core. For the three fields included in the development screening study, only two have core testing results available for PV compressibility. A comprehensive analysis is undertaken to verify the core test results and to deduce the expected range of PV compressibility for the third field. The connected volume of the field (oil and aquifer zones) is an essential consideration for compaction drive. This is illustrated with material balance analyses of fields with limited vs significant aquifer support and implications on recoverable resource.
Uniaxial tests on core samples are used to quantify static PV compressibility but these measurements are not available for all reservoirs. The effectiveness of establishing analogue trends and correlations for the characterization of PV compressibility is also demonstrated. Burial depth can be an initial indicator but may not be valid in all cases and an example of a geologically uplifted field is considered to help illustrate this. Reservoir pressure response to sea tide loading gives an indication of dynamic pore volume compressibility. The P wave modulus derived from sonic and density log data is shown to be very effective for the characterization. Even if a field is proved to have high pore volume compressibility, sufficient connected volume is required to benefit from the compaction drive and achieve sufficient recovery. Connected volume for the three fields included for the screening study is evaluated with aquifer mapping, comparison of pressure gradients with regional trends and consideration of potential barriers including faults and heavy oil at the oil water contact which is observed for one of the fields. The implications of these observations for field development planning are reviewed.
The bacteriostatic effect and mechanism of berberine on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Fangfang , Xu Minyi , Lu Pei , Lin Ming , Zhu Xueyuan , Gong Wei , Ji Shuiying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To observe the bacteriostatic effect of berberine (BBR) and BBR combined with gentamicin (GEN), levofloxacin (LEV) and amikacin (AMI) on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while also exploring the bacteriostatic mechanism of BBR on MRSA. Results: The MICs range of BBR on 26 strains of MRSA was 32-256 µg/mL. BBR combined with GEN, LEV and AMI had obvious bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. After co-culturing MRSA with BBR at 512 µg/mL, 64 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively, the electrical conductivity increased, compared with the control group, by 8.14%, 13.08% and 12.01%, respectively. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that low concentration of BBR (8 µg/mL; 1/8 MIC) caused no significant damage to MRSA, and the bacterial structure of MRSA remained intact, while high concentration of BBR (512 µg/mL; 8 MIC) induced the destruction and dissolution of MRSA cell wall structure and the leakage of bacterial contents, leading to bacterial lysis. RNA-sequencing results showed that there were 754 differentially expressed genes in the high concentration group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the low concentration group, there were 590 differentially expressed genes in the high concentration group. Compared with the control group, only 19 genes were differentially expressed in the low concentration group. The up-regulated genes are mainly related to the cell wall hydrolysis regulatory genes, while the down-regulated genes are mainly related to the serine protease family. Conclusions: BBR displayed an excellent bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR combined with GEN and AMI significantly enhanced the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA, while BBR combined with LEV showed no significant change in the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR inhibited bacteria by destroying and dissolving the structure of MRSA cell wall. RNA-sequencing results further demonstrated that the expression of cell wall hydrolysis genes ssaA, lytM and virulence factor serine protease genes were significantly differentially expressed when high concentration BBR treated on MRSA.
DICOM segmentation and STL creation for 3D Printing: A Process and Software Package Comparison for Osseous Anatomy
Authors: Kamio Takashi , Suzuki Madoka , Asaumi Rieko , Kawai Taisuke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Extracting and three-dimensional (3D) printing an organ in a region of interest in DICOM images typically calls for segmentation as a first step in support of 3D printing. The DICOM images are not exported to STL data immediately, but segmentation masks are exported to STL models. After primary and secondary processing, including noise removal and hole correction, the STL data can be 3D printed. The quality of the 3D model is directly related to the quality of the STL data. This study focuses and reports on the DICOM to STL segmentation performance for nine software packages. Methods: Multidetector row CT scanning was performed on a dry human mandible with two 10-mm-diameter bearing balls as a phantom. The DICOM image file was then segmented and exported to an STL file using nine different commercial/open-source software packages. Once the STL models were created, the data (file) properties and the size and volume of each file were measured, and differences across the software packages were noted. Additionally, to evaluate differences between the shapes of the STL models by software package, each pair of STL models was superimposed, with the observed differences between their shapes characterized as the shape error. Results: The data (file) size of the STL file and the number of triangles that constitute each STL model were different across all software packages, but no statistically significant differences were found across software packages. The created ball STL model expanded in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions, with the length in the Z-axis direction (body axis direction) being slightly longer than that in the other directions. The mean shape error between software packages of the mandibular STL model was 0.11 mm, but there was no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusions: Our results revealed that there are some differences between the software packages that perform the segmentation and STL creation of the DICOM image data. In particular, the features of each software package appeared in the fine and thin areas of the osseous structures. When using these software packages, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of each.
Occupational injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels among fitness and swimming instructors.
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Merati Giampiero , Agnello Luca , Grevers Dorothée , Maggioni Martina Anna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Few data has been published on occupational disorders among sport instructors, especially regarding those who are expected to continuously practice while teaching. As the number of sport instructors is increasing, new specific information about their possible injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels is needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess occupational disorders, cardiorespiratory fitness, and daily workload of fitness (FI) and swimming instructors (SI). Methods. An online survey addressing occupational disorders was conduct among 435 instructors (256 FI and 179 SI). In a subgroup, cardiorespiratory fitness level was evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an indicator. Daily workload was monitored by heart rate (HR) and perception of exertion.Results. Of the two groups, FI exhibited a higher 2-year prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and SI experienced more upper respiratory tract infections. O2max ranged from 47.0±4.0 to 51.9±3.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, and was similar between FI and SI. Regarding the daily workload, female SI had significantly higher HRmean and HRmean/HRmax compared to female FI, but no significant differences between male FI and SI were found. No significant differences were observed between the perceived exertion of FI and SI.Conclusions. Preventive strategies for the reduction of occupational disorders in FI and SI are needed.
Self-monitoring of blood pressure to improve hypertension management in a middle-income country: A proof of concept study
Authors: Akl Christelle , Rashidi Nadine , Akik Chaza , Hitti Eveline , Hamadeh Ghassan , Badr Kamal , Romani Maya , Mallat Samir , Ghassani Ali , Ohanian Serop , Wafaie Fawzi , Ghattas Hala , Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Self-monitoring of blood pressure has been shown to optimize the management of blood pressure in high-income settings, but there is less evidence from low-to-middle income countries. We designed a proof-of-concept pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention built around self-monitoring of blood pressure and health education, and to measure its association with reduced blood pressure among hypertensives. The study was conducted in Lebanon, a country where the management of hypertension presents challenges similar to those faced in countries of the Arab region and other middle-income countries.
Methods

We conducted a parallel two-arm pilot trial with a mixed-method approach to investigate the effect of the intervention on patient experience. Hypertensive patients (n = 80) were recruited at two primary and one tertiary health centers in Beirut, and were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group where patients received blood pressure devices, diaries and educational sessions, or a control group where patients received standard of care as practiced in their health centers. The main outcomes were feasibility (recruitment, retention and adherence), acceptability, and changes in systolic blood pressure. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained at baseline and 6 weeks later.
Results

The recruitment rates for the study was 52% and retention was 95%. Most participants in the self-monitoring group (33/38) reported that the device was convenient and easy to use. Complete case analysis showed that blood pressure monitoring was associated with a greater reduction in systolic (-6.3 mmHg, 95%CI [-12.4; − 0.17]) and diastolic (-1.9 mmHg, 95%CI [-6.34; 2.58]) blood pressure in the self-monitoring group (n = 36) as compared to the standard of care group (n = 36). Improved knowledge of hypertension was also observed in the self-monitoring group. There were no adverse events related to study participation.
Conclusions

Self-monitoring is acceptable and feasible and has the potential to improve hypertension management. Our results should be further tested in trials with adequate statistical power and longer follow-up periods to examine the effectiveness of the intervention on blood pressure levels.
Trial Registration and funding:

Retrospectively Registered on April 3, 2020. ISRCTN 16450193. Funded by the Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery.
Evaluation of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Compost Produced from Coffee Pulp and Locally Available Organic Matter at Dale District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpa Giche Yadesa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Inadequate disposal of coffee waste have led to serious environmental problems, and requiring efficient measures to recycling these wastes. Composting is thus, environmental friendly option for utilization of this waste. Therefore this study was to evaluate some physicochemical parameters of compost produced from coffee pulp with cow dung and enset leaf (Ensete ventricosum).Results: Treatments were built in randomized complete block design with proportions of treatment one (90% of coffee pulp and 10% of top soil), treatment two (65% of coffee pulp, 25% of cow dung and 10% of top soil), treatment three (65% of coffee pulp, 25% of enset leaf and 10% of top soil) and treatment four (50% of coffee pulp, 20% of cow dung, 20% of enset leaf and 10% of top soil). It conducted for 80 days, from December 28, 2018 to March 17, 2019. Some physicochemical parameters were determined at 25, 55 and 80 days of composting and mean value of bulk density, moisture content, pH, electric conductivity, organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total potassium and C/N ratio were 483.6 kg/m3–487.11 kg/m3, 50.74–52.43%, 7.45–8.36, 3.08mS/cm-3.42mS/cm, 45.26%-46.99%, 26.19%-27.27%, 1.54%-1.61%, 0.41%-0.59%, 0.75%-1.15% and 17.5-18.44 respectively.Conclusions: pH of treatment four was more neutral than from all and total potassium of treatment four was more nutrient content than the rest. Thus, experimental results showed that treatment four was better for quality compost preparation and provides baseline information for coffee pulp waste management simultaneously.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Specimens of Inpatients, Covert Infectors and Discharged Persons
Authors: Yang Xiaorong , Zeng Linzi , Huang Yulan , Ye Ping , Tian Zicheng , Zhou Jiushun , Li Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With emergence of pandemic COVID-19, the detection of virus in clinical samples is important. This study compared different clinical samples detectd from inpatient, covert infector and discharged persons, Overall, Some new possible transmission of the virus by patient,covert or discharged person were unknown..
Correlativity between osteocalcin and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly population
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Zhimian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and Objective: With the increase of aging, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between osteocalcin and coronary calcification.Methods: A total of 150 middle-aged and elderly physical examination subjects who had undergone coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) were selected as the research objects. The calcification score of the coronary artery was calculated according to the Agatston (AS) integral method, and the total score was divided into the coronary artery calcification group and the non-calcification group. The indexes of N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), routine biochemical indexes and basic conditions of each patient were recorded.Results: In the comparison of general data between the non-calcification group and the calcification group, the differences in age(P＜0.001), pressure difference (P = 0.01)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)(P＜0.001)were statistically significant, the differences in smoking history (P＜0.001)and drinking history (P＜0.001)were statistically significant, and the differences in N-MID (P＜0.001)were statistically significant. Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) was correlated with age, pressure difference, LDL-C, N-MID, smoking history and drinking history. The four variables, age, LDL, N-MID, and smoking history, have certain effects on coronary artery calcification (CAC).Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examination, N-MID is correlated with CAC and can be used as a predictive indicator.
Negative association between antibiotics and clinical activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Jin Hui , Jing Boya , Lai Ruixue , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Qun , Guo Zhanjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Antibiotics (ATBs) induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota by altering the diversity and composition of the microbiota, which mediates the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapy. The influence of dysbiosis induced by ATB administration on primary resistance to chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) has rarely studied. We evaluated the effect of ATB administration on chemotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced GC.
Methods

Patients with GC were divided into two groups according to the statues of ATB administration: ATB-treated and control groups. Tumor responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed.
Results

We found that the incidence of progressive disease in the ATB-treated group was significantly higher when compared with that in the control group that received no ATB treatment (72.73% vs. 29.55%, p = 0.007). In addition, ATB administration was associated with shorter PFS [median PFS: 1.47 vs. 4.97 months, hazard ratio (HR): 2.296, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.214–4.342, p = 0.011] and reduced OS (median OS: 9.97 vs. 13.3 months, HR: 2.101, 95% CI: 1.030–4.286, p = 0.041) based on univariate analysis. Subsequent multivariate analysis also indicated that ATB administration was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR: 3.361, 95% CI: 1.592–7.097, p = 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.042–4.991, p = 0.039).
Conclusions

ATB administration is associated with reduced chemotherapy efficacy and poor prognosis in patients with advanced GC. Modulations in ATB-related dysbiosis and gut microbiota composition improve the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy.
Effects of phages on the gut microbiota and their impact on probiotic efficacy in broiler chickens
Authors: Tan Geok Hun , Asrore Mohd Shaufi Mohd , Omar Abdul Rahman , Chong Chun Wie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Probiotics are the most recognised alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for poultry production. They adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells to exert their beneficial effects on the host. However, this is often restricted by indigenous gut microbes that compete for adhesion sites and nutrients. Therefore, phage application has been proposed to reduce the competition of probiotics with gut microbiota. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phages on the gut microbiota and their impact on probiotic efficacy in chickens.

Results

Four best Escherichia coli lytic phages were selected and characterised. The in vivo trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary treatments of phage cocktail at 0.1% (1ɸ) and 0.2% (2ɸ), 0.1% PrimaLac ® probiotic (P) and their combinations (1ɸP, 2ɸP) on growth performance and gut microbiota of chickens. The results from the in vivo trial showed that chickens in the 1ɸP group had significantly (P < 0.05) better body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), lower serum triglycerides and higher ileal villus height than the control. Chickens in the 1ɸP group also had higher (P < 0.05) ileal villus height, and lower crypt depth than those in the probiotic group. The gut microbiota profiles revealed that 1ɸP supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli population, increased (P < 0.001) short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, and improved (P < 0.001) gene expressions that are related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, and nutrient uptake.

Conclusions

The results from this study showed that 1ɸP treatment could modulate the gut microbiota and enhance growth performance in chickens. This finding could be considered as a potential alternative to AGPs for poultry.
Effects of dietary lysine levels on production performance, milk composition and plasma metabolites of the high-producing lactating sows
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhouyuanfei Yuanfei , Xia Xiong , Wang Chao , Wei Hongkui , Peng Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Modern genotype sows require better nutrition because of larger body size and higher reproductive performance. Especially primiparous sows not only meet the needs of lactation, but also meet the needs of their own growth and development. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine over two consecutive lactations on lactation and subsequent reproductive performance in primiparous sows.
Results

A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Lactation diets were formulated to contain 0.84, 0.94, 1.04, and 1.14% SID Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp and Val. There were no dietary effects on sows body weight and backfat change and feed intake of sows during lactation. However, WEI (P = 0.07) tended to be a quadratic effect by increasing dietary Lys level. Compared with the primiparous, sows had greater body weight (P < 0.01) and backfat thickness (P < 0.01) of sows at farrowing and at weaning, and weight loss (P = 0.01) during the second lactation period. Higher Lys level during lactation increased survival rate of piglets (P = 0.03), weight of piglets (P = 0.04), and weight gain of piglets at weaning (P = 0.05). Dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, fat (P = 0.04), protein (P = 0.03), solid not fat (P = 0.03), total solids content (P = 0.04), and moisture (P = 0.04) in milk increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of Lys. Likewise, PUN level was increased (P = 0.04). There were significant linear increases in plasma Lys (P = 0.02), Met (P = 0.05), and Val (P = 0.04) levels as dietary Lys level increased at weaning. Furthermore, there were significant linear increases in milk Asp, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp and Val levels as dietary lysine level increased (P < 0.05) at 21 d of lactation.
Conclusions

These results indicated that primiparous sows need higher dietary lysine levels than multiparous sow. Moreover, impacts of dietary amino acids on reproductive performance could be mediated through milk compositions change and increasing amino acid concentration.
Plasma-treated water affects Listeria monocytogenes vitality and biofilm formation
Authors: Handorf Oliver , Pauker Viktoria Isabella , Weihe Thomas , Schnabel Uta , Freund Eric , Bekeschus Sander , Riedel Katharina , Ehlbeck Jörg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plasma-generated compounds (PGCs) such as plasma-processed air (PPA) or plasma-treated water (PTW) offer an increasingly important alternative for the treatment of microorganisms in hard-to-reach areas found in several industrial applications including the food industry. To this end, we studied the antimicrobial capacity of plasma-treated water on the vitality and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes, a common food spoilage microorganism. Using a microwave plasma (MidiPLexc), 10 ml of deionized water was treated for 100 s, 300 s and 900 s (pretreatment time) and the bacterial biofilm was subsequently exposed to the PTW for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min (posttreatment time) for each pretreatment time separately. Colony-forming units (CFU), metabolic activity, and cell vitality were reduced for 4.7 log10, 47.9%, and 69.5%, respectively. Live/dead staining and fluorescence microscopy showed a positive correlation between treatment and incubation times and reduction in vitality. Atomic force microscopy indicated a change in the plasticity of the bacteria. These results suggest a promising antimicrobial impact of plasma-treated water on Listeria monocytogenes, which may lead to more targeted applications of plasma decontamination in the food industry in the future.