bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding soil organic C stocks in degraded grassland by grazing exclusion: a linked decline in soil inorganic C
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xie Yingzhong , Ma Hongbin , Jing Le , Matthew Cory , Li Jianping 
Published: May 2020

Background
Our study evaluated how soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) recovered over time in deep loessial soil as overgrazed grassland was fenced and restored.

Methods
The study was conducted in the Yunwu Mountain Nature Reserve in the Ningxia Autonomous Region of China. In it we compared soil data from three grazed grassland (G) sites, three sites that were fenced for 15 years (F15), and three sites that were fenced for 30 years (F30) as a so-called ‘space for time series’.

Results and Discussion
We compared SOC accumulation in soil up to 200 cm below the surface in G, F15, and F30 plots. An increase in SOC correlated with a decrease in soil pH, and decreased soil bulk density. However, SOC sequestration in fenced plots was largely offset by a decrease in SIC, which was closely correlated (r = 0.713, p = 0.001) with SOC-driven soil pH decline. We observed no significant increase in soil total carbon in the F15 or F30 sites after comparing them to G.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that fencing causes the slow diffusion processes to intensify the soil property changes from increased litter return, and this slow diffusion process is still active 30 years after fencing at 100–200 cm soil depths in the studied deep loessial soil. These findings are likely applicable to similar sites.
Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages modulates the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by deregulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway
Authors: Huang Suiqing , Yue Yuan , Feng Kangni , Huang Xiaolin , Li Huayang , Hou Jian , Yang Song , Huang Shaojie , Liang Mengya , Chen Guangxian , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: May 2020

Background
Immunity and inflammation are considered to be central features of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), in which macrophages are one of the main components of inflammatory cell infiltration around the pulmonary artery. M2b macrophages, which are different from M1 and M2 macrophages, are believed to have immunomodulatory activities and produce little fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of M2b macrophages on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) derived from monocrotaline-induced PAH rats.

Methods
PASMCs were cultured in serum-free medium, the supernatant of M0 macrophages, or the supernatant of M2b macrophages for 24 hours. Then cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and cell migration ability was detected by wound healing and transwell assays. The apoptosis rate of cells was determined by TUNEL staining and annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cleaved caspase-9 and PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K) was used to investigate its effect on PASMCs and its relationship with M2b macrophages.

Results
Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PASMCs compared with the control group and M0 macrophage group. Furthermore, conditioned medium from M2b macrophages promote PASMC apoptosis and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-9, inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Finally, conditioned medium from M2b macrophages inhibited the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway also significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance of PASMCs.

Conclusion
Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance of PASMCs, which may be at least partially by deregulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
Health Literacy and Control of Glycaemia in Diabetes and Blood Pressure in Hypertension; A Study Based on Validated Sinhala Version of HLS-EU-Q16
Authors: Lekamwasam Sarath , Wijebandara Sanka , Lekamwasam Vajira 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To validate Sinhala version of HLS-EU-Q16 and asses the relationship between level of health literacy and control of blood sugar among diabetics and blood pressure among hypertensives.
Study Design: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of Sinhala translation of HLS-EU-Q16 (HLS-EU-Q16-Sinhala) adhering to the standard methods. Following forward and backward translations, the Sinhala version of the questionnaire was applied to a group of 252 patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. Test-retest agreement was examined using a random subgroup of 120 patients. We assessed the association between the level of health literacy and the degree of glycaemic control among diabetics (n=1205, males 453) and blood pressure control among hypertensives (n=755, males 402) selected from outpatient department.
Results: The HLS-EU-Q16-Sinhala total score ranged from 22 to 72 with mean(SD) of 52.1(7.7). The overall Cronbach alpha was 0.84 and the Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.32 to 0.60. The Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test-retest reliability was 0.65(95%CI; 0.55-0.71). Diabetics with “poor” glycaemic control had low HL (40.0) compared to those with “intermediate” (52.6) or “good” (52.1) control (P=.03), after adjusting for age, gender and education level. Similarly, hypertensives with “poor” blood pressure control had low HL (45.0) compared to “intermediate” (52.3) or “good” (53.5) control (P=.03), after adjusting for the same covariates.
Conclusions: This study indicates that the psychometric indices of the Sinhala version of the HLS-EU-Q16 are adequate for it to be used to assess HL among Sinhala speaking subjects. Further, it shows that patients with poor HL fail to achieve their primary treatment goals in diabetes and hypertension.
Neuroprotective Effect of Nilotinib on Cortical Pyramidal Cells, Histological, Morphometric and Biochemical Study
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Death of neuronal cell and gliosis are the two main pathological hallmarks induced by nervous tissue stress like conditions such as status epilepticus. Previous studies have mentioned that neuronal cell death occur as a result of different mechanisms, namely, necrosis and apoptosis. Although more recent studies have explained the cell death on the basis of autophagy. Many antiepileptic drugs are marketed, taking into consideration the antioxidant role of nilotinib and support its use as a favorable antiepileptic drug. The aim of the present study is to assess the neuroprotective effect of antiepileptic drug nilotinib on cortical tissue in rats.
Materials and Methods: Sixty adult male rats were divided into three groups: (1) Control group, (2) pentylenetetrazol group (injected with pentylenetetrazol 60 mg/kg, subcutaneously), (3) nilotinib and pentylenetetrazol group (pretreated with nilotinib, 25 mg/kg daily for seven days prior to pentylenetetrazol administration). Latency of seizure and level of either oxidant or antioxidant enzymes in the cortical tissue was assessed. The histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex were studied also using hematoxylin and eosin stain.
Results: Nilotinib increased the latency period of convulsions, increased the antioxidant enzymes levels with regain of the normal histological features.
Conclusions: Nilotinib proved to promote the antioxidant, antiapoptotic pathways, anti-inflammatory and inhibiting autophagy which favor its use as an anti-epileptic drug.
Siddha Diagnostic Methodology of Envagai thervu for Gunmam Patients at Government Siddha Medical College & Hospital, Palayamkottai
Authors: Raveendran Rakulini 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Siddha Medicine is a system of traditional medicine originating in ancient Tamil Nadu in South India and Sri Lanka. Traditionally, it is taught that the siddhars laid the foundation for this system of medicine. Siddha system has a unique diagnostic method to identify the diseases and their causes. According to the Saint Theraiyar, there are eight tools of diagnosis: symptoms of the body, the colour, the voice, the eyes, the tongue, stools, urine and the pulse.
Aim: The aim of this study was to study the siddha diagnostic methodology of envagaithervu for gunmam patient sat government siddha medical college & hospital, palayamkottai.
Study Setting: Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai from April to August 2019.
Methodology: It is an observational study. After identifying the eligible subjects, Data will be collected by using the interview administrated questionnaire & relevant data will be collected by measurement. Collected data were processed and statistically analysed by a simple statistical method using Microsoft Excel.
Results and Discussion: Majority of the gunmam subjects were females (60%) and age group within 41-60 & 51-60 years. The maximum number of subjects were observed in Pitha Kaalam. Majority of the gunmam subjects had Abdominal pain, eructation, generalized body weakness. Vali azhalnaadi (38%) and azhalvalinaadi (32%) were observed in majority of the gunmam subjects. Neikuri was observed as valiazhal & azhalvali in gunmam subjects.
Conclusion: This study has given quite evidence for literatures. These collected information are helpful for further studies in gunmam.
Latvian College Students' Perspectives on Inclusion
Authors: Tubele Sarmite , Margevica Ieva , Bolton David , Doan Kim , McGinley Vicki A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study reports on the perspectives of 79 Latvian college students' perception of inclusion of children with disabilities. Education majors from the University of Latvia and non-education majors from Riga Technical University responded to a 27-item Likert scale format and four open-ended questions by filling out an electronic survey. A principal components factor analysis of the data was conducted yielding three factors. The three-factor structure was similar to a previous study, with the first two factors being reversed. Males demonstrated greater variability on factor 1, negative effects of inclusion, than females, and education majors reported perceiving fewer benefits of segregating students with disabilities than non-education majors. Overall, the results indicate mixed perceptions of inclusion, and a need to educate both education and non-education majors on the benefits of inclusion.
Comprehensive validation of halcyon 2.0 plans and the implementation of patient specific QA with multiple detector platforms
Authors: Laugeman Eric , Heermann Ana , Hilliard Jessica , Watts Michael , Roberson Marshia , Morris Robert , Goddu Sreekrishna , Sethi Abhishek , Zoberi Imran , Kim Hyun , Mutic Sasa , Hugo Geoffrey , Cai Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo perform a comprehensive validation of plans generated on a preconfigured Halcyon 2.0 with preloaded beam model, including evaluations of new features and implementing the patient specific quality assurance (PSQA) process with multiple detectors.MethodsA total of 56 plans were generated in Eclipse V15.6 (Varian Medical System) with a preconfigured Halcyon treatment machine. Ten plans were developed via the AAPM TG‐119 test suite with both IMRT and VMAT techniques. 34 clinically treated plans using C‐arm LINAC from 24 patients were replanned on Halcyon using IMRT or VMAT techniques for a variety of sites including: brain, head and neck, lung, breast, abdomen, and pelvis. Six of those plans were breast VMAT plans utilizing the extended treatment field technique available with Halcyon 2.0. The dynamically flattened beam (DFB), another new feature on Halcyon 2.0, was also used for an AP/PA spine and four field box pelvis, as well as ten 3D breast plans. All 56 plans were measured with an ion chamber (IC), film, portal dosimetry (PD), ArcCHECK, and Delta4. Tolerance and action limits were calculated and compared to the recommendations of TG‐218.ResultsTG‐119 IC and film confidence limits met those set by the task group, except for IMRT target point dose. Forty‐four of 46 clinical plans were within 3% for IC measurements. Average gamma passing rates with 3% dose difference and 2mm distance‐to‐agreement for IMRT/VMAT plans were: Film – 96.8%, PD – 99.9%, ArcCHECK – 99.1%, and Delta4 – 99.2%. Calculated action limits were: Film – 86.3%, PD – 98.4%, ArcCHECK – 96.1%, and Delta4 – 95.7%. Extended treatment field technique was fully validated and 3D plans with DFB had similar results to IMRT/VMAT plans.ConclusionHalcyon plan deliveries were verified with multiple measurement devices. New features of Halcyon 2.0 were also validated. Traditional PSQA techniques and process specific tolerance and action limits were successfully implemented.
In vivo evolution of biopsy‐proven inflammatory demyelination quantified by R2t* mapping
Authors: Xiang Biao , Wen Jie , Lu Hsiang‐Chih , Schmidt Robert E. , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. , Cross Anne H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 35‐year‐old man with an enhancing tumefactive brain lesion underwent biopsy, revealing inflammatory demyelination. We used quantitative Gradient‐Recalled‐Echo (qGRE) MRI to visualize and measure tissue damage in the lesion. Two weeks after biopsy, qGRE showed significant R2t* reduction in the left optic radiation and surrounding tissue, consistent with the histopathological and clinical findings. qGRE was repeated 6 and 14 months later, demonstrating partially recovered optic radiation R2t*, in concert with improvement of the hemianopia to ultimately involve only the lower right visual quadrant. These results support qGRE metrics as in vivo biomarkers for tissue damage and longitudinal monitoring of demyelinating disease.
A Combination of Cowpea Mosaic Virus and Immune Checkpoint Therapy Synergistically Improves Therapeutic Efficacy in Three Tumor Models
Authors: Wang Chao , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has the potential to treat cancer by removing the immunosuppressive brakes on T cell activity. However, ICT benefits only a subset of patients because most tumors are “cold”, with limited pre‐infiltration of effector T cells, poor immunogenicity, and low‐level expression of checkpoint regulators. It has been previously reported that Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) promotes the activation of multiple innate immune cells and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce T cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that immunostimulatory CPMV could potentiate ICT. Here it is shown that in situ vaccination with CPMV increases the expression of checkpoint regulators on Foxp3−CD4+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment. It is shown that combined treatment with CPMV and selected checkpoint‐targeting antibodies, specifically anti‐PD‐1 antibodies, or agonistic OX40‐specific antibodies, reduced tumor burden, prolonged survival, and induced tumor antigen‐specific immunologic memory to prevent relapse in three immunocompetent syngeneic mouse tumor models. This study therefore reveals new design principles for plant virus nanoparticles as novel immunotherapeutic adjuvants to elicit robust immune responses against cancer.
Single Bimodular Sensor for Differentiated Detection of Multiple Oxidative Gases
Authors: Zhang Bo , Sun Ji‐Yu , Gao Pu‐Xian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSemiconductive metal‐oxide sensors suffer from cross‐sensitivities under mixed chemical condition, specifically upon mixture of multiple oxidative or reductive gases. Herein, a single bimodular sensor is demonstrated for smart differentiation of multiple oxidative analytes by relating the resistance‐metric mode to impedance‐metric mode. The sensor construct based on ZnO nanorods readily outputs three response datasets upon exposure of oxidative‐gas mixture including O2, SO2, and NO2, the resistance, real part impedance, and imaginary part impedance. The differentiative and correlated nature between these response signals allows such a single sensor platform to differentiate these oxidative gases accurately and robustly. Linear and non‐linear decision boundaries are established over a large gas‐concentration range from 2 ppm to 3% through a combination of principal component analysis and artificial neural network training. A facile user interface is demonstrated for recognition and measurement of unknown gas analytes, with the error of the predicted analyte‐concentration as low as 2%.
Microfluidics‐Molded Through‐Hole Membranes for 3D Culture Array‐Based Tumor Manipulation and Analysis
Authors: Sun Meilin , Han Kai , Liu Dan , Hu Rui , Liu Wenming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development and application of micro‐platforms with the capability for microscale and throughput control of biomimetic three‐dimensional (3D) tumor culture plays a critical role in cancer therapeutics and pharmaceutics. In this study, a very simple microfluidics‐assisted fabrication methodology of through‐hole membranes and the membrane‐integrated microwell array platform for facile and throughput 3D tumor production and antitumor investigation is established. The versatility involving geometric diversity and uniformity of microfluidic membrane fabrication, as well as their repeatability and stability, are totally demonstrated based on the well‐improved fabricating procedure. Sequential manipulations including precise cell localization, array‐like cultivation, and temporal monitoring/analysis of 3D tumors, are smoothly accomplished in the platform. It is verified that the microwell array chip allows for robust, throughput, and reproducible production of 3D tumors with both biomimetic functional gradient phenotypes and highly uniform size. Moreover, temporal and throughput investigation of tumor responses to culture and antitumor chemotherapies are achieved in the chip. These achievements offer a facile methodological approach for the development of through‐hole membranes with high fidelity and for the exploration of tissue‐mimicking tumor research and therapy. This work also provides an insight into the construction of easy to fabricate/operate, reliable, and market‐oriented micro‐platforms for cancer research and drug discovery.
UV‐Micropatterned Miniaturization: Rapid In Situ Photopatterning and Miniaturization of Microscale Features on Shrinkable Thermoplastics
Authors: Song Xin , Fu Daniel , Shah Shalin , Reif John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShrink lithography is a promising top‐down micro/nanofabrication technique capable of miniaturizing patterns/structures to scales much smaller than the initial mold, however, rapid inexpensive fabrication of high‐fidelity shrinkable microfeatures remains challenging. This work reports the discovery and characterization of a simple, fast, low‐cost method for replicating and miniaturizing intricate micropatterns/structures on commodity heat‐shrinkable polymers. Large‐area permanent micropatterning on polystyrene and polyolefin shrink film is attained in one step under ambient conditions through brief irradiation by a shortwave UV pencil lamp. After baking briefly in an oven, the film shrinks biaxially and the miniaturized micropatterns emerge with significantly reduced surface area (up to 95%) and enhanced depth profile. The entire UV‐micropatterned miniaturization process is highly reproducible and achievable on benchtop under a few minutes without chemicals or sophisticated apparatus. A variety of microgrid patterns are replicated and miniaturized with high yield and resolution on both planar and curved surfaces. Sequential UV exposures enable easy and rapid engineering of sophisticated microtopography with miniaturized, multiscale, multidimensional microstructures. UV–ozone micropatterned polystyrene surfaces are well‐suited for lab‐on‐a‐chip analytical applications owing to the inherent biocompatibility and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Miniaturization of dense, periodic micropatterns may facilitate low‐cost prototyping of functional devices/surfaces such as micro‐optics/sensors and tunable metamaterials.
Facile In Situ Fabrication of Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 Nanocomposite Containing Polymer Films for Ultrawide Color Gamut Displays
Authors: Li Xiang , Wen Zuoliang , Ding Shihao , Fang Fan , Xu Bing , Sun Jiayun , Liu Chenxi , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA modified supersaturated recrystallization method for in situ fabrication of Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 nanocomposite containing polymer films is reported. This facile and efficient strategy can be easily carried out at room temperature, and minimizes the contact time between CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and water and oxygen molecules during the formation of perovskite film, passivating the perovskite nanocrystals. Through the approach, the dual protection of Cs4PbBr6 and polymer matrix enhances the water stability and photostability of emitting CsPbBr3. Even after being immersed in water for 30 days, the Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3@PMMA film still retains a bright green fluorescence. Moreover, combining the as‐prepared green‐emitting Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3@PMMA and a red‐emitting CdSe/ZnS based quantum dots (QDs) polymer film with blue light emitting diode (LED) chips as the backlight, a high performance liquid crystal display (LCD) is demonstrated. The color gamut of the demonstrated display is 131% and 98% that of the NTSC 1953 and Rec.2020, respectively. The combination of better stability and improved color purity of the perovskite material intuitively provides a viable approach for LCD backlights.
Aldehydes Switch Regioselectivity: a Prins Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Indoline‐fused THFs and Indole‐fused Oxepanes
Authors: Chen Xiaobei , Jiang Yuanrui , Geng Huihui , Liu Xingyu , Huang Yizhuo , Lu Jingwei , Gao Chenjing , Zhang Shilei , Zhang Jian , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have identified a switchable Prins cyclization process to form indoline‐fused tetrahydrofurans and indole‐fused oxepanes by applying different types of aldehydes under two sets of optimized conditions. Significantly, a novel Prins reaction mechanism involving an oxonium‐mediated rearrangement in the formation of five‐membered cyclic ethers is realized for the first time.magnified image
Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) noise standard violations over 50 years: 1972 to 2019
Authors: Park Sungwon , Johnson Michael D. , Hong OiSaeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionNoise exposure has long been an occupational health concern and has been an important area of focus of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) since its founding. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what effects OSHA's noise standards have had on employer efforts to reduce risks. Consequently, a review of OSHA noise standard violations was performed to clarify the violation trends between 1972 and 2019.MethodsUsing the OSHA Information System, researchers identified 119 305 violations involving four noise standards between 1972 and 2019: 29 CFR 1910.95, occupational noise exposure in general industry; 1926.52, occupational noise exposure in construction; 1926.101, hearing protection in construction, and 1904.10, recording criteria for cases involving occupational hearing loss. Violation frequencies of noise standard subparagraphs and relationships to factors such as industry differences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t tests.ResultsThe most commonly violated noise standard was 1910.95 in manufacturing. Such violations rose between 1972 and 1985 and then declined steadily. Whether in general industry or construction, four noise standards were most‐frequently cited: lack of feasible administrative or engineering controls (1910.95[b] and 1926.52[d]) and inadequate hearing conservation program (1910.95[c] and 1926.52[b]). These violations were more highly penalized (mean = $1036.50) than other subparagraph violations (mean = $915.80). Programmed and unprogrammed inspections generated similar violation quantities except between 1980 and 1985, when programmed inspections exhibited a sharp spike in violations.ConclusionThe study identified trends in OSHA noise standard violations and possible explanations for those trends. The study findings can support development of more practical noise‐exposure protection policy.