bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Ageing—What Do We Face?
Authors: McDonald Ian M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe, as taxpayers, face challenging problems in assisting the well‐being of old people mainly because preparing for and living through old age is a risky business. Through government, taxpayers can provide some insurance against the risks of old age, especially the risk of bad health and the risk of a long life. However, the ageing population suggests that maintaining this support will require increased taxation. This article quantifies this challenge for Australia and concludes that although increased taxation may be required it will be easily affordable from the much higher incomes generally received due to the secular increase in productivity.
Factors predictive for computed tomography use and abnormality in paediatric head injuries in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Wilson Catherine L , Hearps Stephen JC , Tavender Emma J , Phillips Natalie T , Lawton Ben , Kinnear Frances , Beattie Amie , Mitenko Hugh , Young Russell , Cole Joanne , Kochar Amit , George Shane , Teo Stephen SS , Georgeson Thomas , Michael Adam , Mukherjee Ashes , King Alex , Gamage Lalith , Archer Peter , Cassidy Corey , Rao Arjun , Thosar Deepali , Borland Meredith L , Babl Franz E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate patient‐level factors predictive for computed tomography of the brain (CTB) use and abnormality in head injured children in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsRetrospective data from tertiary, urban/suburban and regional/rural EDs including factors predictive for CTB use and abnormality.ResultsOf 3072 children at 31 EDs, 212 (6.9%) had a CTB scan, of which 66 (31%) were abnormal. Increasing age, serious mechanisms of injury and decreasing Glasgow Coma Score were predictive for ordering CTB. Decreasing age was predictive for CTB abnormalities. Other factors were not.ConclusionPatient‐level drivers of CTB use in children in Australia and New Zealand are consistent with international data.
Ether lipids, sphingolipids and toxic 1‐deoxyceramides as hallmarks for lean and obese type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Hannich J. Thomas , Loizides‐Mangold Ursula , Sinturel Flore , Harayama Takeshi , Vandereycken Bart , Saini Camille , Gosselin Pauline , Brulhart‐Meynet Marie‐Claude , Robert Maud , Chanon Stephanie , Durand Christine , Paz Montoya Jonathan , David Fabrice P. A. , Guessous Idris , Pataky Zoltan , Golay Alain , Jornayvaz François R. , Philippe Jacques , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Brown Steven A. , Lefai Etienne , Riezman Howard , Dibner Charna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe worldwide increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a major health challenge. Chronically altered lipids induced by obesity further promote the development of T2D, and the accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites in serum and peripheral organs may contribute to the diabetic phenotype.MethodsTo better understand the complex metabolic pattern of lean and obese T2D and non‐T2D individuals, we analysed the lipid profile of human serum, skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue of two cohorts by systematic mass spectrometry‐based lipid analysis.ResultsLipid homeostasis was strongly altered in a disease‐ and tissue‐specific manner, allowing us to define T2D signatures associated with obesity from those that were obesity independent. Lipid changes encompassed lyso‐, diacyl‐ and ether‐phospholipids. Moreover, strong changes in sphingolipids included cytotoxic 1‐deoxyceramide accumulation in a disease‐specific manner in serum and visceral adipose tissue. The high amounts of non‐canonical 1‐deoxyceramide present in human adipose tissue most likely come from cell‐autonomous synthesis because 1‐deoxyceramide production increased upon differentiation to adipocytes in mouse cell culture experiments.ConclusionTaken together, the observed lipidome changes in obesity and T2D will facilitate the identification of T2D patient subgroups and represent an important step towards personalized medicine in diabetes.
First‐in‐man study to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of HTL0018318, a novel M1‐receptor partial agonist for the treatment of dementias
Authors: Bakker Charlotte , Tasker Tim , Liptrot Jan , Hart Ellen P. , Klaassen Erica S. , Prins Samantha , van der Doef Thalia F. , Brown Giles A. , Brown Alastair , Congreve Miles , Weir Malcolm , Marshall Fiona H. , Cross David M. , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Nathan Pradeep J. 
Published: December 2020

AimsHTL0018318 is a selective M1receptor partial agonist currently under development for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive and behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. We investigated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics (PD) of HTL0018318 following single ascending doses.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in 40 healthy younger adult and 57 healthy elderly subjects, investigated oral doses of 1–35 mg HTL0018318. Pharmacodynamic assessments were performed using a battery of neurocognitive tasks and electrophysiological measurements. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of HTL0018318 and food effects on pharmacokinetics of HTL0018318 were investigated in an open label and partial cross‐over design in 14 healthy subjects.ResultsPharmacokinetics of HTL0018318 were well‐characterized showing dose proportional increases in exposure from 1–35 mg. Single doses of HTL0018318 were associated with mild dose‐related adverse events of low incidence in both younger adult and elderly subjects. The most frequently reported cholinergic AEs included hyperhidrosis and increases in blood pressure up to 10.3 mmHg in younger adults (95% CI [4.2–16.3], 35‐mg dose) and up to 11.9 mmHg in elderly subjects (95% CI [4.9–18.9], 15‐mg dose). There were no statistically significant effects on cognitive function but the study was not powered to detect small to moderate effect sizes of clinical relevance.ConclusionHTL0018318 showed well‐characterized pharmacokinetics and following single doses were generally well tolerated in the dose range studied. These provide encouraging data in support of the development for HTL0018318 for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
Parents' experiences of family team meetings in child welfare
Authors: Rockhill Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article describes the benefits of monthly family team meetings for parents involved with child welfare. Findings are shared from semi‐structured, qualitative interviews conducted with 17 parents whose children had been placed in substitute care. While much of the scholarship on family meetings focuses on opportunities for family voice, this study found that parents received multiple benefits from meetings including, but not limited to, the opportunity for input into decision‐making. Specifically, parents appreciated receiving information and feedback, encouragement, and a range of other supports from members of the team. Meetings also facilitated communication and improved the coordination of services and other efforts by team members. Notably, parents reported that regular meetings helped to hold caseworkers and other providers accountable regarding their activities and duties related to the case, often resulting in better follow through. Parents and their advocates were also able to use meetings to push child welfare to respond in a timely way to parents' progress. These findings should be viewed as preliminary evidence of how a particular model of family meetings might work and thereby expand our understanding of what family team decision meetings can do to improve parents' experiences and child welfare outcomes more generally.
Factors influencing access to early intervention for families of children with developmental disabilities: A narrative review
Authors: Sapiets Suzi J. , Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly intervention (EI) can improve a range of outcomes for families of children with developmental disabilities. However, research indicates the level of access does not always match the level of need. To address disparities, it is essential to identify factors influencing access.MethodWe propose a framework where access to EI is conceptualised as aprocessthat includes three main phases. A narrative review examined potential barriers, facilitators and modifiers of access for each phase.ResultsThe process of access to EI includes the following: 1) recognition of need, 2) identification or diagnosis and 3) EI provision or receipt. Several factors affecting access to EI for each phase were identified, related to the family, services, the intersection between family and services, and the context.ConclusionA broad range of factors appear to influence the process of access to EI for this population. Our framework can be used in future research investigating access. Broad implications for policy, practice and future research to improve access to EI are discussed.
Factors Associated with Duration of Rehabilitation Among Older Adults with Prolonged Hospitalization
Authors: Nguyen Danh Q. , Ifejika Nneka L. , Reistetter Timothy A. , Makam Anil N. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESOlder adults are prone to functional decline during prolonged hospitalization. Although rehabilitation therapy is critical to preserving function, little is known about rehabilitation duration (RD) in this population. We sought to determine the extent of rehabilitation therapy provided to older adults during prolonged hospitalization, and whether this differs by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.DESIGNRetrospective cohort.SETTINGSingle‐site safety‐net hospital.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults (≥65 years) hospitalized for ≥14 days between 2016 and 2017.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was RD, defined as the average number of minutes of physical and occupational therapy per week. We used a multivariable generalized linear model to assess for differences in RD by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. For a sub‐cohort of hospitalizations with a baseline mobility assessment, we repeated analyses including mobility limitation as a covariate.RESULTSAmong 1,031 hospitalizations by 925 unique patients (median age 72, 49% female, 79% non‐white, 40% non‐English speaking), the median RD was 61.3 minutes/week (interquartile range = 16.5–127.3). Covariates associated with lesser RD included black (57.2 fewer minutes/week; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.9–91.4) and Hispanic (75.6 fewer minutes/week; 95% CI = 33.8–117.4) race/ethnicity, speaking a language other than English or Spanish (51.7 fewer minutes/week; 95% CI = 21.3–82.0), prolonged mechanical ventilation (30.0 fewer minutes/week; 95% CI = 6.6–53.3), and do‐not‐resuscitate code status (36.0 fewer minutes/week; 95% CI = 17.1–54.8). The inclusion of mobility limitation among the sub‐cohort (n = 350) did not meaningfully change the associations.CONCLUSIONWe found large disparities in RD for racial/ethnic and language minorities and clinically vulnerable older adults (mechanical ventilation and do‐not‐resuscitate code status), independent of clinical severity and functional and cognitive impairment. Greater RD for these groups may improve functional outcomes and narrow the disparity gap.
Characterization of soil fungal community associating with suppressive soil to Verticillium yellows disease of Chinese cabbage
Authors: Noguchi Masako Tsujimoto , Nagase Haruka , Yamauchi Norihito , Mimuro Genki , Sakai Hiroshi , Furusawa Akiko , Miki Shizue , Yoshida Shigenobu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChinese cabbage yellows is a major economically important disease caused by Verticillium dahliae and V. longisporum in Japan. Although it has existed in Chinese cabbage fields that show suppressiveness against the disease, their mechanisms remain unclear. To uncover soil biological characteristics associated with disease suppressiveness, we performed comparative analyses of bacterial and fungal communities among different field soils showing different disease severities of Chinese cabbage yellows in the Gunma Prefecture in Japan. Bacterial and fungal communities in these soils were analysed using polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE), which indicated that a specific DGGE band with metrics (Rf value) of approximately 28.9 tended to specifically appear in soils with lower disease severities, whereas the nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the DGGE band was closely related to the sequences that belonged to the Chaetomiaceae family. The fungal strain S69 corresponding to the DGGE band 28.9 was isolated from disease‐suppressive field soil, and the results of the nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the strain was closely related to Thielavia terricola, a member of the Chaetomiaceae family. The pot experiments revealed that Chinese cabbage yellows was suppressed by strain S69 propagule treatment into soils infested with V. longisporum. Thus, it is suggested that the fungal strain S69 contributed to the soils’ disease suppressiveness.
Journey of a psychiatric nurse: Growing up with parents with mental illness
Authors: Küçük Öztürk Gülhan 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The parent–child relationship has a significant impact on children's mental health.

Families with individuals with mental illness constitute a high‐risk group in the community.

It can be challenging for children to cope with issues related to having parents with mental illness.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper explains the feelings, thoughts and experiences of a psychiatric nurse whose parents both have a mental illness and emphasizes the positive and negative effects of growing up in such a situation.

The effects of growing up with parents with mental illness should be addressed as a whole.

What are the implications for practice?

The narrative highlights the impact that parents with mental illness have on children.

Psychiatric nurses are in a key position to provide children whose parents have a mental illness with timely and continuous help in developing coping and support mechanisms.
Recurrence‐free interval 12 months after local treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs using intratumoral injection of tigilanol tiglate
Authors: Jones Pamela D. , Campbell Justine E. , Brown Graham , Johannes Chad M. , Reddell Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTigilanol tiglate (TT) is a novel small molecule approved by the European Medicines Agency for intratumoral treatment of mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. In a randomized controlled clinical efficacy and safety study in the United States, 85 of 116 dogs that received a single TT injection achieved complete response (CR) of the treated MCT by day 28.ObjectiveTo evaluate the durability of the TT treatment response achieved at day 28 in the U.S. study by assessing MCT recurrence at the treatment site 6 and 12 months after TT administration.AnimalsEighty‐five dogs previously treated with TT.MethodsDogs that achieved CR at day 28 were assessed retrospectively for the presence or absence of MCT at the treatment site using records from clinical visits and telephone interviews with owners. Dogs unavailable at an assessment time were considered lost‐to‐follow‐up and data for their last assessment used in the final analysis.ResultsBy 12 months after TT treatment, 64 dogs remained evaluable, with 21 unavailable. Of evaluable patients, 57 (89%) remained tumor free at the treatment site and 7 (11%) had developed recurrence. All recurrences occurred within the first 6 months, predominantly (5/7, 71%) within the first 12 weeks.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTigilanol tiglate provided a durable long‐term local response for the treatment of MCT in dogs.
Clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with hepatitis B virus infection — a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhao Li , Cheng Xiaoming , Han Huan , Li Cong , Li Dong , Liu Andrew , Gao Guosheng , Zhou Feng , Liu Fang , Jiang Yingan , Zhu Chengliang , Xia Yuchen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic. Although COVID‐19 is caused by infection in the respiratory tract, extrapulmonary manifestations including dysregulation of the immune system and hepatic injury have been observed. Given the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China, we sought to study the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and HBV coinfection in patients.MethodsBlood samples of 50 SARS‐CoV‐2 and HBV coinfected patients, 56 SARS‐CoV‐2 mono‐infected patients, 57 HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV patient controls and 57 healthy controls admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected in this study. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry panels including markers indicative of liver functions were performed. Cytokines including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were evaluated. T cell, B cell and NK cell counts were measured using flow cytometry.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 and HBV coinfection did not significantly affect the outcome of the COVID‐19. However, at the onset of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 and HBV coinfected patients showed more severe monocytopenia and thrombocytopenia as well as more disturbed hepatic function in albumin production and lipid metabolism. Most of the disarrangement could be reversed after recovery from COVID‐19.ConclusionsWhile chronic HBV infection did not predispose COVID‐19 patients to more severe outcomes, our data suggest SARS‐CoV‐2 and HBV coinfection poses a higher extent of dysregulation of host functions at the onset of COVID‐19. Thus, caution needs to be taken with the management of SARS‐CoV‐2 and HBV coinfected patients.
Evolution of antigen‐specific immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Mohammadi Akram Miramin , Duthie Malcolm S. , Reed Steven G. , Javadi Amir , Khamesipour Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsDespite immunization appearing to be the most appropriate strategy for long‐term control of the vector‐borne leishmaniases, no sustainable vaccine is currently available against any form of leishmaniasis. We therefore evaluated, in the context of vaccine antigen candidates, antigen‐specific immune response at various stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).Methods and resultsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy volunteers and CL patients (caused by either Leishmania major or L tropica) were incubated with crude Leishmania proteins (soluble Leishmania antigen; SLA), single recombinant proteins (TSA, LeIF, LmSTI1) or chimeric fusion proteins (LEISH‐F2 and LEISH‐F3). The concentrations of immune modulatory cytokines were then determined. While we did not detect appreciable antigen‐specific IL‐5 secretion, SLA induced secretion of interleukin (IL)‐10 in cultures from early active lesion CL patients and even from healthy individuals. Conversely, interferon (IFN)‐γ responses to SLA and recombinant proteins followed a similar pattern, developing only in the late active CL lesion phase. Once established, antigen‐specific IFN‐γ responses persisted in cured CL patients.ConclusionTogether, our results provide further insight into the development of immune responses during CL and further validate the selection of LEISH‐F2 and LEISH‐F3 as vaccine antigen candidates.
The Interactive Effects of Scientific Knowledge and Gender on COVID‐19 Social Distancing Compliance
Authors: Algara Carlos , Fuller Sam , Hare Christopher , Kazemian Sara 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIn this research note, we examine the role scientific knowledge and gender plays in citizen responses to governmental social distancing recommendations.MethodsUsing two waves of the American Trends Panel Survey and a measure of latent scientific knowledge, we test whether scientific knowledge is associated with comfort in participating in social activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic within both the full U.S. population and the two major political parties.ResultsIn both the general population and within the Democratic Party, we find that women are generally more likely to use their scientific knowledge to inform their level of comfort with social activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThese findings shed light on how knowledge and gender intersect to drive compliance with government recommendations and policies during a public health crisis in a deeply partisan America.
Effect of time until sample analysis on lactate in dogs with shock
Authors: Rizzo Kaila N. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , DeLaforcade Armelle M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionLactate concentrations can increase with hypoperfusion in dogs and could be used as a prognostic indicator in sick dogs. In a busy emergency service, sample evaluation could be delayed. However, sample evaluation delays have been shown to cause lactate concentration increases in healthy dogs. In sick dogs, the magnitude of increased lactate is unknown. The goal of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of room temperature storage times on lactate measurements in dogs presenting to an emergency service.MethodsWe evaluated the precision and accuracy of the NOVA Lactate Plus, using standard procedures. To assess the impact of time on lactate concentrations in sick dogs, we prospectively enrolled dogs presenting to an emergency service. Lactate concentrations were measured at six time points using samples stored at room temperature. A Friedman test, followed by a Wilcoxon rank test with a Bonferroni correction was used to evaluate time points.ResultsForty‐five dogs were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The Lactate Plus and table‐top analyzer compared favorably, with an R2 of .98, and a mean bias of 0.26 in 50 canine samples. Precision was acceptable, with a percent coefficient of variation of 5.39. Statistically significant increases in lactate concentrations were found at all time points over baseline (P = .008).ConclusionsIn as little as 7.5 minutes, lactate concentrations increased significantly in samples stored at room temperature. Dogs with lower initial lactate concentrations had had higher increases in lactate concentration percentages over 90 minutes.
Geometric Modeling and Collaborative Design in a Multi-Modal Multi-Sensory Virtual Environment
Authors: Arangarasan Rajarathinam , Gadh Rajit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Shape modeling plays a vital role in the design process but often it is the most tedious task in the whole design cycle. In recent years the Computer Aided Design (CAD) industry has evolved through a number of advances and developments in design methodology. However, modeling in these CAD systems requires expertise and in-depth understanding of the modeling process, user interface and the CAD system itself, resulting in increased design cycle time. To overcome these problems a new methodology and a system called “Detailed Virtual Design System” (DVDS) has been developed for detailed shape modeling in a multi-modal, multi-sensory Virtual Environment (VE). This system provides an intuitive and natural way of designing using hand motions, gestures and voice commands. Due to the lack of effective collaborative design, visualization and analysis tools, designers spend a considerable amount of time and effort in the group discussion during design process. To enable multiple designers to effectively and efficiently collaborate in a design environment, framework of a collaborative virtual environment, called “Virtual Environment to Virtual Environment” (V2V), has been discussed. This framework allows same site and remote site multi-modal, multi-sensory immersive interface between designers.