bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emote-Controlled
Authors: Kobs Konstantin , Zehe Albin , Bernstetter Armin , Chibane Julian , Pfister Jan , Tritscher Julian , Hotho Andreas 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, streaming platforms for video games have seen increasingly large interest, as so-called esports have developed into a lucrative branch of business. Like for other sports, watching esports has become a new kind of entertainment medium, which is possible due to platforms that allow gamers to live stream their gameplay, the most popular platform being Twitch.tv. On these platforms, users can comment on streams in real time and thereby express their opinion about the events in the stream. Due to the popularity of Twitch.tv, this can be a valuable source of feedback for streamers aiming to improve their reception in a gaming-oriented audience. In this work, we explore the possibility of deriving feedback for video streams on Twitch.tv by analyzing the sentiment of live text comments made by stream viewers in highly active channels. Automatic sentiment analysis on these comments is a challenging task, as one can compare the language used in Twitch.tv with that used by an audience in a stadium, shouting as loud as possible in sometimes nonorganized ways. This language is very different from common English, mixing Internet slang and gaming-related language with abbreviations, intentional and unintentional grammatical and orthographic mistakes, and emoji-like images called
emotes
. Classic lexicon-based sentiment analysis techniques therefore fail when applied to Twitch comments.

To overcome the challenge posed by the nonstandard language, we propose two unsupervised lexicon-based approaches that make heavy use of the information encoded in emotes, as well as a weakly supervised neural network–based classifier trained on the lexicon-based outputs, which is supposed to help generalization to unknown words by use of domain-specific word embeddings. To enable better understanding of Twitch.tv comments, we analyze a large dataset of comments, uncovering specific properties of their language, and provide a smaller set of comments labeled with sentiment information by crowdsourcing.
We present two case studies showing the effectiveness of our methods in generating sentiment trajectories for events live streamed on Twitch.tv that correlate well with specific topics in the given stream. This allows for a new kind of implicit real-time feedback gathering for Twitch streamers and companies producing games or streaming content on Twitch.

We make our datasets and code publicly available for further research.
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Copula-Based Anomaly Scoring and Localization for Large-Scale, High-Dimensional Continuous Data
Authors: Horváth Gábor , Kovács Edith , Molontay Roland , Nováczki Szabolcs 
Published: May 2020

The anomaly detection method presented by this article has a special feature: it not only indicates whether or not an observation is anomalous but also tells what exactly makes an anomalous observation unusual. Hence, it provides support to localize the reason of the anomaly.
The proposed approach is model based; it relies on the multivariate probability distribution associated with the observations. Since the rare events are present in the tails of the probability distributions, we use copula functions, which are able to model the fat-tailed distributions well. The presented procedure scales well; it can cope with a large number of high-dimensional samples. Furthermore, our procedure can cope with missing values as well, which occur frequently in high-dimensional datasets.
In the second part of the article, we demonstrate the usability of the method through a case study, where we analyze a large dataset consisting of the performance counters of a real mobile telecommunication network. Since such networks are complex systems, the signs of sub-optimal operation can remain hidden for a potentially long time. With the proposed procedure, many such hidden issues can be isolated and indicated to the network operator.
The Security of Lazy Users in Out-of-Band Authentication
Authors: Naor Moni , Rotem Lior , Segev Gil 
Published: May 2020

Faced with the threats posed by man-in-the-middle attacks, messaging platforms rely on “out-of-band” authentication, assuming that users have access to an external channel for authenticating one short value. For example, assuming that users recognizing each other’s voice can authenticate a short value, Telegram and WhatApp ask their users to compare 288-bit and 200-bit values, respectively. The existing protocols, however, do not take into account the plausible behavior of users who may be “lazy” and only compare parts of these values (rather than their entirety).
Motivated by such a security-critical user behavior, we study the security of lazy users in out-of-band authentication. We start by showing that both the protocol implemented by WhatsApp and the statistically optimal protocol of Naor, Segev, and Smith (CRYPTO’06) are completely vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks when the users consider only a half of the out-of-band authenticated value. In this light, we put forward a framework that captures the behavior and security of lazy users. Our notions of security consider both statistical security and computational security, and for each flavor we derive a lower bound on the tradeoff between the number of positions that are considered by the lazy users and the adversary’s forgery probability.
Within our framework, we then provide two authentication protocols. First, in the statistical setting, we present a transformation that converts any out-of-band authentication protocol into one that is secure even when executed by lazy users. Instantiating our transformation with a new refinement of the protocol of Naor et al. results in a protocol whose tradeoff essentially matches our lower bound in the statistical setting. Then, in the computational setting, we show that the computationally optimal protocol of Vaudenay (CRYPTO’05) is secure even when executed by lazy users—and its tradeoff matches our lower bound in the computational setting.
Effective Detection of Sleep-in-atomic-context Bugs in the Linux Kernel
Authors: Bai Jia-Ju , Lawall Julia , Hu Shi-Min 
Published: May 2020

Atomic context is an execution state of the Linux kernel in which kernel code monopolizes a CPU core. In this state, the Linux kernel may only perform operations that cannot sleep, as otherwise a system hang or crash may occur. We refer to this kind of concurrency bug as a sleep-in-atomic-context (SAC) bug. In practice, SAC bugs are hard to find, as they do not cause problems in all executions.
In this article, we propose a practical static approach named DSAC to effectively detect SAC bugs in the Linux kernel. DSAC uses three key techniques: (1) a summary-based analysis to identify the code that may be executed in atomic context, (2) a connection-based alias analysis to identify the set of functions referenced by a function pointer, and (3) a path-check method to filter out repeated reports and false bugs. We evaluate DSAC on Linux 4.17 and find 1,159 SAC bugs. We manually check all the bugs and find that 1,068 bugs are real. We have randomly selected 300 of the real bugs and sent them to kernel developers. 220 of these bugs have been confirmed, and 51 of our patches fixing 115 bugs have been applied.
A Premalignant Cell-Based Model for Functionalization and Classification of PTEN Variants
Authors: Chao Jesse T. , Hollman Rocio , Meyers Warren M. , Meili Fabian , Matreyek Kenneth A. , Dean Pamela , Fowler Douglas M. , Haas Kurt , Roskelley Calvin D. , Loewen Christopher J.R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

As sequencing becomes more economical, we are identifying sequence variations in the population faster than ever. For disease-associated genes, it is imperative that we differentiate a sequence variant as either benign or pathogenic, such that the appropriate therapeutic interventions or surveillance can be implemented. PTEN is a frequently mutated tumor suppressor that has been linked to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Although the domain structure of PTEN and the functional impact of a number of its most common tumor-linked mutations have been characterized, there is a lack of information about many recently identified clinical variants. To address this challenge, we developed a cell-based assay that utilizes a premalignant phenotype of normal mammary epithelial cells lacking PTEN. We measured the ability of PTEN variants to rescue the spheroid formation phenotype of PTEN−/− MCF10A cells maintained in suspension. As proof of concept, we functionalized 47 missense variants using this assay, only 19 of which have clear classifications in ClinVar. We utilized a machine learning model trained with annotated genotypic data to classify variants as benign or pathogenic based on our functional scores. Our model predicted with high accuracy that loss of PTEN function was indicative of pathogenicity. We also determined that the pathogenicity of certain variants may have arisen from reduced stability of the protein product. Overall, this assay outperformed computational predictions, was scalable, and had a short run time, serving as an ideal alternative for annotating the clinical significance of cancer-associated PTEN variants.

Significance:
Combined three-dimensional tumor spheroid modeling and machine learning classifies PTEN missense variants, over 70% of which are currently listed as variants of uncertain significance.
Prevalence and Prognostic Value of HPV among Tunisian Patients with Laryngeal Cancer and Relationship between DNA HPV and p16, IGF-1R, Survivin, p53 Expressions
Authors: Ben Elhadj Mariem , Fourati Asma , El Amine Olfa , Goucha Aida , El May Ahmed , El May Michèle-Veronique , Mokni Baizig Nehla 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Tobacco and alcohol are the main etiological factors common to laryngeal cancers. However, the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) constitutes an alternative risk factor according to several studies. In Tunisia, despite the annual increasing incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), the prevalence and prognostic significance of HPV have never been explored. In this study, we sought to highlight HPV DNA in 70 biopsies of laryngeal cancer, and to analyze the status of HPV infection in association with p53, p16, survivin, and IGF-1R expressions. Methods: HPV high risk (HPV HR) DNA was detected in tumors by in situ hybridization. However, the expression of p53, p16, survivin and IGF-1R were stained by immunohistochemistry test. The correlations of HPV status with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival, disease-free survival and proteins expressions were statistically evaluated. Results: HPV HR DNA was detected in 39 out of 70 (55.71%) laryngeal tumors. HPV+ patients have a better overall survival ( P = .081) and long disease-free-survival ( P = .016) with a low rate of recurrence ( P = .006) than HPV– patients. No significant correlations were found between HPV HR status and clinicopathological parameters (all P > .005). Moreover, HPV+ tumors were not associated with expression of p53, p16 and survivin. However, HPV HR status correlates with weak to moderate IGF-1R expression ( P = .043). Conclusion: The substantial detection of HPV HR in LSCC tumors suggest that this virus plays an important part in laryngeal cancer in Tunisia. It is a good prognostic factor. In addition, HPV infection could act to block the pathway of IGF-1R expression.
Predictors of improved balance performance in persons with Parkinson’s disease following a training intervention: analysis of data from an effectiveness-implementation trial
Authors: Joseph Conran , Leavy Breiffni , Franzén Erika 
Published: May 2020

Objective: (1) To determine associated factors of improved balance performance after a 10-week HiBalance intervention period, and (2) to determine effects of the programme on modifiable factors found above, considering both groups. Design: Pre-posttest substudy founded on the outcomes evaluation of an effectiveness-implementation trial. Participants: Sixty-one participants were allocated the HiBalance training, while 56 were controls. Intervention: Participants received a 10-week, two times weekly, progressive balance training, that is, HiBalance intervention, led by physical therapists. The intervention was group based and gradually incorporated dual-tasking over the training period. Participants also performed, unsupervised, a 1×/week home exercise programme. Main outcome: The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) assessed balance performance, and those having improved by ⩾2 points were classified as positive responders. Balance confidence was the secondary outcome. Results: Fifty-three (87%) participants completed the intervention and 32 (60%) improved their balance scores by ⩾2 points in the intervention group, with 11 (24%) in the control group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed two independently associated factors of improved balance, which included balance confidence (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90–0.99) and attendance of ⩾80% of training sessions (OR = 10.10; 95% CI = 1.71–59.60). The final model demonstrated good fit and acceptable discrimination (area under the curve = 0.84). Secondary analysis revealed a fair relationship (Rho = 0.30; P = 0.044) between improvements in balance confidence and balance performance in the intervention but not control group. Conclusion: Two personal factors were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of improvement in clinically measured balance performance. The HiBalance intervention appears to benefit those with lower balance confidence.
Performance of a new guideline for telephone triage in out-of-hours services in Belgium: A pilot study using simulated patients
Authors: Morreel Stefan , Philips Hilde , Colliers Annelies , Verhoeven Veronique 
Published: May 2020

Background Patients in Belgium needing out-of-hours care have two options: the emergency department or the general practitioner on call often organised in a general practitioner cooperative. Currently, there is no triage system in Belgium so patients do not know where to go. Methods Our primary objective was to examine the ability of a newly developed telephone guideline, called 1733, to adequately estimate the urgency of health problems presented by simulated patients. Ten clinical vignettes were presented to 12 operators in a simulated phone call. The operators had to assign a protocol, urgency level and resource to dispatch (ambulance, general practitioner house visit, etc.) to each case. Results A total of 120 phone calls were analysed. The operators chose the right protocol in 69% and the correct urgency level in 35% of the cases. The proportion of under- and over-triage was 26% and 39%, respectively. There was important variation in between the operators. The sensitivity for detecting highly urgent cases was 0.42, the specificity 0.92. Conclusion Using the new Belgian 1733 guideline for telephone triage, operators mostly chose the appropriate protocol but only chose the correct urgency in one out of three cases. In this phase of development, the studied telephone guideline is not ready for implementation.
Static and dynamic pelvic kinematics after one-stage bilateral or unilateral total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Loppini Mattia , Temporiti Federico , Furone Roberta , Galli Manuela , Grappiolo Guido , Gatti Roberto 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The pelvis rotates simultaneously around both hips along sagittal, frontal and transversal planes and its kinematics change in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Consequently, it is reasonable to expect different pelvic kinematic profiles in bilateral or unilateral THA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare pelvic kinematics in patients with bilateral or unilateral THA. Methods: 40 patients undergoing bilateral ( n = 20) or unilateral ( n = 20) THA were evaluated for pelvic kinematics during standing and walking tasks using an optoelectronic system. Mean pelvic orientation was assessed during standing, whereas the Gait Variable Score (GVS), maximum and minimum peaks, range and values of pelvic tilt, obliquity and rotation during Heel-Strike and Toe-Off phases of gait cycle were calculated during walking. Data were collected the day before and at seven days after surgery. Results: At baseline, no between-group differences were found. At 7 days, GVS for pelvic tilt ( p = 0.029) and rotation ( p = 0.046) were closer to normative data in bilateral patients, who also revealed lower maximum peak of anterior tilt ( p = 0.013) and lower range of pelvic tilt during gait ( p = 0.031) with respect to unilateral cases. No between-group differences were found for pelvic orientation during standing at any time-point. Conclusions: Bilateral patients revealed more physiological pelvic kinematics than unilateral cases. These findings underline the advantage of patients undergoing 1-stage bilateral THA and may be helpful in selecting personalised rehabilitative approaches.
Quantitative assessment of required separator fluid volume in multi-infusion settings
Authors: Doesburg Frank , Middendorp Daniek , Dieperink Willem , Bult Wouter , Nijsten Maarten W , Touw Daan J 
Published: May 2020

Background: Administering a separator fluid between incompatible solutions can optimize the use of intravenous lumens. Factors affecting the required separator fluid volume to safely separate incompatible solutions are unknown. Methods: An intravenous tube (2-m, 2-mL, 6-French) containing methylene blue dye was flushed with separator fluid until a methylene blue concentration ⩽2% from initial was reached. Independent variables were administration rate, dye solvent (glucose 5% and NaCl 0.9%), and separator fluid. In the second part of the study, methylene blue, separator fluid, and eosin yellow were administered in various administration profiles using 2- and 4-mL (2 × 2 m, 4-mL, 6-French) intravenous tubes. Results: Neither administration rate nor solvent affected the separator fluid volume ( p = 0.24 and p = 0.12, respectively). Glucose 5% as separator fluid required a marginally smaller mean ± SD separator fluid volume than NaCl 0.9% (3.64 ± 0.13 mL vs 3.82 ± 0.11 mL, p < 0.001). Using 2-mL tubing required less separator fluid volume than 4-mL tubing for methylene blue (3.89 ± 0.57 mL vs 4.91 ± 0.88 mL, p = 0.01) and eosin yellow (4.41 ± 0.56 mL vs 5.63 ± 0.15 mL, p < 0.001). Extended tubing required less separator fluid volume/mL of tubing than smaller tubing for both methylene blue (2 vs 4 mL, 1.54 ± 0.22 vs 1.10 ± 0.19, p < 0.001) and eosin yellow (2 vs 4 mL, 1.75 ± 0.22 vs 1.25 ± 0.03, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The separator fluid volume was neither affected by the administration rate nor by solvent. Glucose 5% required a marginally smaller separator fluid volume than NaCl 0.9%, however its clinical impact is debatable. A larger intravenous tubing volume requires a larger separator fluid volume. However, the ratio of separator fluid volume to the tubing’s volume decreases as the tubing volume increases.
Effects of military training on plasma amino acid concentrations and their associations with overreaching
Authors: Ikonen Jenni N , Joro Raimo , Uusitalo Arja LT , Kyröläinen Heikki , Kovanen Vuokko , Atalay Mustafa , Tanskanen-Tervo Minna M 
Published: May 2020

Amino acids are thought to have a key role in the processes contributing to overreaching development through their metabolic properties and neuronal functions. In the present study, the effects of 10-week military training on the concentrations of 19 amino acids were investigated. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured at rest from 53 healthy male conscripts on weeks 1, 4, 7, and 9 of their military service. Conscripts were classified as overreached and non-overreached. Overreaching classification was based on fulfilling at least three of five criteria: greater than 5% decrease in maximal oxygen uptake, increased rating perceived exertion (RPE), and decreased lactate-RPE ratio in submaximal marching test, admitting feeling overloaded and both increased scores in fatigue and decreased scores in vigor in the Profile of Mood States Adolescents. Eight conscripts (15%) were classified as overreached; their glutamine–glutamate ratio and alanine and arginine levels were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) and glutamate concentration significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in comparison to their non-overreached counterparts. The levels of arginine increased ( P < 0.05) and tryptophan ( P < 0.001) decreased in both groups throughout the study. The tyrosine concentration increased in non-overreached but, in contrast, remained at the same level in overreached individuals ( P < 0.05). The results suggest that alterations in the levels of three metabolically important amino acids, alanine, glutamate and arginine, and the possibly neuroactive tyrosine and tryptophan might explain some of the physical and psychological symptoms of overreaching. The present study also confirms the potential use of glutamine–glutamate ratio as a tool for detecting overreaching. Impact statement The diagnosis of overtraining syndrome and overreaching poses a great challenge. Military training aims at improving the physical performance of the conscripts, but an excessive training load could also lead to overreaching. This study of Finnish conscripts provides new insights into the pathophysiology of overreaching and overtraining through amino acids concentrations. In addition to confirming the possible use of plasma glutamine/glutamate concentration to indicate and predict overreaching, we made a novel finding, i.e. low alanine and arginine concentrations might have a role in performance decrement and fatigue related to overreaching. Moreover, this study is the first to show the possible association between amino acids with putative neuronal properties and overreaching. Thus, the present findings might help to detect and prevent overreaching and offer a reliable diagnostic approach. In order to avoid overreaching, military training should be planned more periodically and individually, especially during the first four weeks of military service.
Use of non-sterile gloves in the ward environment: an evaluation of healthcare workers’ perception of risk and decision making
Authors: Flores Ashley , Wrigley Martha , Askew Peter , Craig Rachel , Egan Bernadette , Towey Linda , Shawe Jill 
Published: May 2020

Background: Studies have found that inappropriate use of non-sterile gloves (NSG) can affect hand hygiene compliance; the main risks are missing opportunities for hand hygiene and gloves being a vector for microbial transmission. Aim: The aims of this study were to explore the accuracy of healthcare worker (HCW) risk assessment and decision making regarding the use of NSG. Methods: The study was conducted in two acute NHS Trusts and a community social enterprise. A cross-sectional survey was carried out, followed by qualitative semi-structured interviews. Findings: There were highly significant differences at the 95% probability level between staff groups, unqualified staff being significantly more likely than qualified staff to report NSG use when not indicated ( P < 0.0001). The primary motivating factor for staff to wear NSG was for personal protection; the secondary factor being the protection of patients. Staff were also motivated by a desire to create an image of professionalism. Respondents were more likely to follow the lead of seniors in their own profession. Discussion: The results suggest a necessity for change interventions aimed at unqualified staff such as healthcare assistants (HCAs). It would be beneficial to review the indications for glove use and amend organisational policies accordingly. Leaders in each professional staff group would be required to influence practice across organisations, taking into account motivating factors, and in association with multi-modal interventions to improve practice.