bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtue Ethics and Laboratory Animal Research
Authors: Walker Rebecca L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article appeals to virtue ethics to help guide laboratory animal research by considering the role of character and flourishing in these practices. Philosophical approaches to animal research ethics have typically focused on animal rights or on the promotion of welfare for all affected, while animal research itself has been guided in its practice by the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement). These different approaches have sometimes led to an impasse in debates over animal research where the philosophical approaches are focused on whether or when animal studies are justifiable, while the 3Rs assume a general justification for animal work but aim to reduce harm to sentient animals and increase their welfare in laboratory spaces. Missing in this exchange is a moral framework that neither assumes nor rejects the justifiability of animal research and focuses instead on the habits and structures of that work. I shall propose a place for virtue ethics in laboratory animal research by considering examples of relevant character traits, the moral significance of human-animal bonds, mentorship in the laboratory, and the importance of animals flourishing beyond mere welfare.
Psychometric properties of the Bulgarian version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture
Authors: Keskinova Donka , Dimova Rositsa , Stoyanova Rumyana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore the psychometrics of the Bulgarian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (B-HSOPSC) and its suitability for use in Bulgaria.

Design
A national web-based cross-sectional survey of the safety patient culture.

Setting
The hospitals’ staffs from 28 administrative areas in the country.

Interventions
Web-based self-administered questionnaire.

Participants
Physicians and non-physicians such as nurses, midwifes, etc., working at hospitals.

Main Outcome Measures
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the psychometric properties of the original US structure. Assessment of construct validity included convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity of constructs.

Results
A total of 525 valid cases were included in the analysis. The results of CFA revealed acceptable values for absolute indices and lower for the incremental index, comparative fit index. Due to the very low convergence validity, the dimension ‘staffing’ was removed from the model. Additionally, one item was removed from another dimension. The B-HSOPSC included 11 dimensions and 37 items.

Conclusions
The B-HSOPSC had acceptable levels of global and local fits. Its safety culture dimensions were sufficiently distinguishable and correlated with outcome variables.
The influence and added value of a Standardized Assessment and Reporting System for functioning outcomes upon national rehabilitation quality reports
Authors: Maritz Roxanne , Ehrmann Cristina , Prodinger Birgit , Tennant Alan , Stucki Gerold 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the influence and added value of a Standardized Assessment and Reporting System (StARS) upon the reporting of functioning outcomes for national rehabilitation quality reports. A StARS builds upon an ICF-based (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) and interval-scaled common metric.DesignComparison of current ordinal-scaled Swiss national rehabilitation outcome reports including an expert-consensus-based transformation scale with StARS-based reports through descriptive statistical methods and content exploration of further development areas of the reports with relevant ICF Core Sets.SettingSwiss national public rehabilitation outcome quality reports on the clinic level.ParticipantsA total of 29 Swiss rehabilitation clinics provided their quality report datasets including 18 047 patients.InterventionsNeurological or musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Main outcome measuresFunctional Independence Measure™ or Extended Barthel Index.ResultsOutcomes reported with a StARS tended to be smaller but more precise than in the current ordinal-scaled reports, indicating an overestimation of achieved outcomes in the latter. The comparison of the common metric’s content with ICF Core Sets suggests to include ‘energy and drive functions’ or ‘maintaining a basic body position’ to enhance the content of functioning as an indicator.ConclusionsA StARS supports the comparison of outcomes assessed with different measures on the same interval-scaled ICF-based common metric. Careful consideration is needed whether an ordinal-scaled or interval-scaled reporting system is applied as the magnitude and precision of reported outcomes is influenced. The StARS’ ICF basis brings an added value by informing further development of functioning as a relevant indicator for national outcome quality reports in rehabilitation.
Mapping scientific landscapes in UMLS research: a scientometric review
Authors: Kim Meen Chul , Nam Seojin , Wang Fei , Zhu Yongjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is 1 of the most successful, collaborative efforts of terminology resource development in biomedicine. The present study aims to 1) survey historical footprints, emerging technologies, and the existing challenges in the use of UMLS resources and tools, and 2) present potential future directions.

Materials and Methods
We collected 10 469 bibliographic records published between 1986 and 2019, using a Web of Science database. graph analysis, data visualization, and text mining to analyze domain-level citations, subject categories, keyword co-occurrence and bursts, document co-citation networks, and landmark papers.

Results
The findings show that the development of UMLS resources and tools have been led by interdisciplinary collaboration among medicine, biology, and computer science. Efforts encompassing multiple disciplines, such as medical informatics, biochemical sciences, and genetics, were the driving forces behind the domain’s growth. The following topics were found to be the dominant research themes from the early phases to mid-phases: 1) development and extension of ontologies and 2) enhancing the integrity and accessibility of these resources. Knowledge discovery using machine learning and natural language processing and applications in broader contexts such as drug safety surveillance have recently been receiving increasing attention.

Discussion
Our analysis confirms that while reaching its scientific maturity, UMLS research aims to boundary-span to more variety in the biomedical context. We also made some recommendations for editorship and authorship in the domain.

Conclusion
The present study provides a systematic approach to map the intellectual growth of science, as well as a self-explanatory bibliometric profile of the published UMLS literature. It also suggests potential future directions. Using the findings of this study, the scientific community can better align the studies within the emerging agenda and current challenges.
Constraints on the circumburst environments of short gamma-ray bursts
Authors: O’Connor Brendan , Beniamini Paz , Kouveliotou Chryssa 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Observational follow up of well localized short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) has left $20\!-\!30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the population without a coincident host galaxy association to deep optical and NIR limits (≳26 mag). These SGRBs have been classified as observationally hostless due to their lack of strong host associations. It has been argued that these hostless SGRBs could be an indication of the large distances traversed by the binary neutron star system (due to natal kicks) between its formation and its merger (leading to an SGRB). The distances of GRBs from their host galaxies can be indirectly probed by the surrounding circumburst densities. We show that a lower limit on those densities can be obtained from early afterglow light curves. We find that ${\lesssim}16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of short GRBs in our sample took place at densities ≲10−4 cm−3. These densities represent the expected range of values at distances greater than the host galaxy’s virial radii. We find that out of the five SGRBs in our sample that have been found to be observationally hostless, none are consistent with having occurred beyond the virial radius of their birth galaxies. This implies one of two scenarios. Either these observationally hostless SGRBs occurred outside of the half-light radius of their host galaxy, but well within the galactic halo, or in host galaxies at moderate to high redshifts (z ≳ 2) that were missed by follow-up observations.
Stellar migrations and metal flows – Chemical evolution of the thin disc of a simulated Milky Way analogous galaxy
Authors: Vincenzo Fiorenzo , Kobayashi Chiaki 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the roles of metal flows in galaxy formation and evolution, we analyse our self-consistent cosmological chemodynamical simulation of a Milky Way like galaxy during its thin-disc phase. Our simulated galaxy disc qualitatively reproduces the variation of the dichotomy in [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] at different Galactocentric distances as derived by APOGEE-DR16, as well as the stellar age distribution in [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] from APOKASC-2. The disc grows from the inside out, with a radial gradient in the star-formation rate during the entire phase. Despite the radial dependence, the outflow-to-infall ratio of metals in our simulated halo shows a time-independent profile scaling with the disc growth. The simulated disc undergoes two modes of gas inflow: (i) an infall of metal-poor and relatively low-[α/Fe] gas, and (ii) a radial flow where already chemically enriched gas moves inwards with an average velocity of ∼0.7 km s−1. Moreover, we find that stellar migrations mostly happen outwards, on typical time-scales of ∼5 Gyr. Our predicted radial metallicity gradients agree with the observations from APOGEE-DR16, and the main effect of stellar migrations is to flatten the radial metallicity profiles by 0.05 dex/kpc in the slopes. We also show that the effect of migrations can appear more important in [α/Fe] than in the [Fe/H]–age relation of thin-disc stars.
Two Cases of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Bacteremia With Development of Daptomycin-Resistant Phenotype and its Detection Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Udaondo Zulema , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Meyers Erik , Anderson Courtney , Lopez James , Mohan Meera , Tytarenko Ruslana , Walker Brian , Ussery David , Kothari Atul , Jun Se-Ran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, we report 2 cases of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia with development of daptomycin resistance in 2 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Mutations related to daptomycin-nonsusceptible phenotype in liaSR genes were found in all strains of the study, including those with a minimum inhibitory concentration &lt;1 µg/mL collected before daptomycin therapy. Epidemiological investigation using core genome single nucleotide polymorphism and core genome multilocus sequence typing revealed clonality of all the isolates. In this study, we conclude that real-time genome sequencing of clinical isolates can provide rapid access to timely information on daptomycin-resistant genotypes that would help clinicians speed up and optimize the selection of the antibiotic for treatment.
Chidamide combined with doxorubicin leads to synergistic anti-cancer effect and induces autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: He Yishan , Qiu Xinguang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal malignant tumor, which belongs to the thyroid cancer with an overwhelmingly poor prognosis and eagerly demands effective systemic treatment strategies. We aimed to investigate the antitumor characteristics of Chidamide (CS055) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) on ATC, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Herein, we found that CS055 and Dox inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted apoptosis of ATC cells. CS055 and Dox induced autophagic cell death (ADC) of ATC cell lines. And the expression of autophagy markers, BECN1, Atg5 and LC3-II was significantly enhanced in ATC cell lines treated with CS055 and Dox. Similarly, thein vivostudy showed that CS055 and Dox administration significantly reduced tumor growth and induced tumor cell autophagy. Interestingly, the synergistic anti-cancer effect of CS055 in combination with doxorubicin was observedin vitroandin vivo. In addition, CS055 and Dox suppressed the proteins expression of p-P13K, p-AKT and mTORin vitroandin vivoand combination of CS055 and Dox exhibited greatest inhibitory effect. Taken together, our findings concluded that CS055 in combination with Dox exerted antitumor activities and triggered autophogy in thyroid carcinoma probably through inhibiting the P13K/AKT/m/TOR signaling pathway.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary municipal sewage sludge as a leading indicator of COVID-19 outbreak dynamics
Authors: Peccia Jordan , Zulli Alessandro , Brackney Doug E. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Kaplan Edward H. , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Ko Albert I. , Malik Amyn A. , Wang Dennis , Wang Mike , Warren Joshua L. , Weinberger Daniel M. , Omer Saad B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a time course of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary sewage sludge during the Spring COVID-19 outbreak in a northeastern U.S. metropolitan area. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in all environmental samples, and when adjusted for the time lag, the virus RNA concentrations tracked the COVID-19 epidemiological curve. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations were a leading indicator of community infection ahead of compiled COVID-19 testing data and local hospital admissions. Decisions to implement or relax public health measures and restrictions require timely information on outbreak dynamics in a community.
Evaluation and Optimization of Motion Correction in Spinal Cord fMRI Preprocessing
Authors: Dehghani Hamed , Weber Kenneth A , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Oghabian Mohammad Ali , Khatibi Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotion correction is an essential step in the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, improving the temporal signal to noise ratio (tSNR) and removing unwanted variance. Because of the characteristics of the spinal cord (non-rigidity, surrounded by moving organs), motion correction becomes especially challenging. We compared the efficiency of different motion correction protocols and suggest a preferred method for spinal cord fMRI data. Here we acquired gradient-echo echo-planar-imaging axial lumbar spinal cord fMRI data during painful mechanical stimulation of the left lower extremity of 15 healthy volunteers on a 3T scanner. We compared multiple motion correction techniques: 2D and 3D FLIRT realignment with and without slice-wise regulation, SliceCorr (implemented in the Spinal Cord Toolbox) and proposed a method 3D FLIRT in addition to Slice Regulation (SLiceReg) along the spinal cord. TSNR, image entropy, DVARS, image Sum of Absolute Differences and number of activated voxels in the spinal cord from GLM analysis to evaluate the performance of multiple motion correction procedures. The tSNR and DVARS 3D FLIRT + SLiceReg were significantly improved over other realignment methods (p<0.001). In comparison, tSNR=14.20±0.02 and DVARS=165.77±1.54 were higher than other methods. Additionally, the number of activated voxels of the statistical map in our suggested method was higher than the other realignment methods (p<0.05). Our results illustrated the proposed motion correction algorithm that integrated 3D motion correction and 2D slicewise regularization along spinal cord curvature could improve subject-level processing outputs by reducing the effects of motions. Our proposed protocols can improve subject-level analysis, especially in lumbar region that suffers from involuntary motions and signal loss due to susceptibility effect more than other spinal cord regions.
Ligand-directed two-step labeling to quantify neuronal glutamate receptor trafficking
Authors: Ojima Kento , Shiraiwa Kazuki , Doura Tomohiro , Takato Mikiko , Komatsu Kazuhiro , Yuzaki Michisuke , Hamachi Itaru , Kiyonaka Shigeki 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe regulation of glutamate receptor localization is critical for development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Conventional biochemical and molecular biological approaches have been widely used to analyze glutamate receptor trafficking, especially for AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, conflicting findings have been reported because of a lack of useful tools for analyzing endogenous AMPARs. Here, we develop a new method for the rapid and selective labeling of chemical probes to AMPARs by combining affinity-based protein labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry under physiological conditions. This method allowed us to quantify AMPAR distribution and trafficking, which revealed some unique features of AMPARs, such as a long lifetime and a rapid recycling in neurons. This method was also successfully expanded to selectively label NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Thus, bioorthogonal two-step labeling may be a versatile tool for investigating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of glutamate receptors in neurons.
Development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Xia Zhichao , Wang Cheng , Hancock Roeland , Vandermosten Maaike , Hoeft Fumiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well-established.De novomutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor forde novomutation, which has been repeatedly shown by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first efforts, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring’s reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was associated significantly with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variations after controlling for a number of confounds—including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the pulvinar nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network by using brain atlases, public datasets, and offspring’s diffusion imaging data. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research.HighlightsPaternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is negatively correlated with offspring’s reading abilities.PatAGE is related to volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus.Thalamic development mediates the PatAGE effect on reading.The PatAGE-related thalamic area is more likely to connect with the dorsal attention network.
Neural attentional-filter mechanisms of listening success in middle-aged and older individuals
Authors: Tune Sarah , Alavash Mohsen , Fiedler Lorenz , Obleser Jonas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSuccessful listening crucially depends on intact attentional filters that separate relevant from irrelevant information. Research into their neurobiological implementation has focused on two potential auditory filter strategies: the lateralization of alpha power and selective neural speech tracking. However, the functional interplay of the two neural filter strategies and their potency to index listening success in an ageing population remains unclear. Using electroencephalography and a dual-talker task in a representative sample of listeners (N=155; age=39–80 years), we here demonstrate an often-missed link from single-trial behavioural outcomes back to trial-by-trial changes in neural attentional filtering. First, we observe preserved attentional–cue-driven modulation of both neural filters across chronological age and hearing levels. Second, neural filter states vary independently of one another, demonstrating complementary neurobiological solutions of spatial selective attention. Stronger neural speech tracking but not alpha lateralization boosts trial-to-trial behavioural performance. Our results highlight the translational potential of neural speech tracking as an individualized neural marker of adaptive listening behaviour.
Derivation of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) induced multipotent stem cells
Authors: Beklemisheva Violetta R. , Belokopytova Polina S. , Fishman Veniamin S. , Menzorov Aleksei G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been produced just for a few species among order Carnivora: snow leopard, Bengal tiger, serval, jaguar, cat, dog, ferret, and American mink. We applied the iPS cell derivation protocol to the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) fibroblasts. The resulting cell line had the expression of pluripotency marker geneRex1. Differentiation in embryoid body-like structures allowed us to register expression ofAFP, endoderm marker, andCdx2, trophectoderm marker, but not neuronal (ectoderm) markers. The cells readily differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes, mesoderm cell types of origin. Transcriptome analysis allowed us to conclude that the cell line does not resemble human pluripotent cells, and, therefore, most probably are not pluripotent. Thus, we produced ringed seal multipotent stem cell line capable of differentiation into adipo- and osteocytes.
Contextual and spatial associations between objects interactively modulate visual processing
Authors: Quek Genevieve L. , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMuch of what we know about object recognition arises from the study of isolated objects. In the real world, however, we commonly encounter groups of contextually-associated objects (e.g., teacup, saucer), often in stereotypical spatial configurations (e.g., teacupabovesaucer). Here we used EEG to test whether identity-based associations between objects (e.g., teacup-saucervs. teacup-stapler) are encoded jointly with their typical relative positioning (e.g., teacupabovesaucervs. belowsaucer). Observers viewed a 2.5Hz image stream of contextually-associated object pairs intermixed with non-associated pairs as every fourth image. The differential response to non-associated pairs (measurable at 0.625Hz in 28/37 participants), served as an index of contextual integration, reflecting the association of object identities in each pair. Over right occipitotemporal sites, this signal was larger for typically-positioned object streams, indicating that spatial configuration facilitated the extraction of the objects’ contextual association. This high-level influence of spatial configuration on object identity integration arose ∼320ms post stimulus onset, with lower-level perceptual grouping (shared with inverted displays) present at ∼130ms. These results demonstrate that contextual and spatial associations between objects interactively influence object processing. We interpret these findings as reflecting the high-level perceptual grouping of objects that frequently co-occur in highly stereotyped relative positions.