bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal maturation of spinal dynorphin circuits and their role in somatosensation
Authors: Brewer Chelsie L. , Styczynski Lauren M. , Serafin Elizabeth K. , Baccei Mark L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons in the adult spinal dorsal horn (DH) can be neurochemically classified into subpopulations that regulate distinct somatosensory modalities. Although inhibitory networks in the rodent DH undergo dramatic remodeling over the first weeks of life, little is known about the maturation of identified classes of GABAergic interneurons, or whether their role in somatosensation shifts during development. We investigated age-dependent changes in the connectivity and function of prodynorphin (DYN)-lineage neurons in the mouse DH that suppress mechanosensation and itch during adulthood. In vitro patch clamp recordings revealed a developmental increase in primary afferent drive to DYN interneurons and a transition from exclusive C-fiber monosynaptic input to mixed A-fiber and C-fiber innervation. Although most adult DYN interneurons exhibited tonic firing as expected from their inhibitory phenotype, neonatal and adolescent DYN cells were predominantly classified as phasic or single-spiking. Importantly, we also found that most of the inhibitory presynaptic terminals contacting lamina I spinoparabrachial projection neurons (PNs) originate from DYN neurons. Furthermore, inhibitory synaptic input from DYN interneurons onto PNs was weaker during the neonatal period, likely reflecting a lower number of GABAergic terminals and a reduced probability of GABA release compared to adults. Finally, spinal DYN interneurons attenuated mechanical sensitivity throughout development, but this population dampened acute nonhistaminergic itch only during adulthood. Collectively, these findings suggest that the spinal “gates” controlling sensory transmission to the brain may emerge in a modality-selective manner during early life due to the postnatal tuning of inhibitory synaptic circuits within the DH.
Data Science and Graduate Nursing Education
Authors: Foster Marva , Tasnim Zarin 
Published: April 2020

Background
The emergence of big data and data science offers unprecedented opportunities for accelerating scientific advances in nursing, yet current nursing curricula are not adequate to prepare students to leverage those opportunities.

Purpose
The purpose of this review was to describe current strategies that can be used to educate graduate nurses about data science methods as well as facilitators and challenges to adopting those strategies.

Method
We conducted a critical literature review of papers addressing data science and graduate nursing education.

Results
Ten articles were included in this review. The most common strategy was the integration of data science methods into existing courses throughout the graduate nursing curricula. A major facilitator was interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing faculty and colleagues in other disciplines.

Conclusion
The findings provide strategies that can be used to prepare graduate nurses to work in data science teams to shape big data research and optimize patient outcomes.
Thalamic Dementia in Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation—Role for Amantadine?
Authors: Kim Kiin , Mohan Abhinav , Yeh Bi-Ying , Ghebrendrias Youhans , Brentlinger Gary , Han Jay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thalamic dementia is an uncommon type of stroke that presents with disorientation, behavioral changes, and impairment of executive functions, with relative preservation of motor functions. It is typically caused by paramedian territory infarctions of the thalamus, most often due to ischemic insult at the tip of the basilar artery. In this report, we present a case of bilateral thalamic infarcts resulting in thalamic dementia with severe behavioral manifestations in a 64-yr-old man with no preexisting neuropsychiatric comorbidities. A trial of amantadine, a dopamine-promoting agent, in the acute rehabilitation unit in an attempt to manage his agitation led to multiple weeks of dramatic behavioral improvement and increased participation in therapies. Dopamine receptors are believed to be present at increased densities in thalamic nuclei with mesolimbic projections, suggesting that they are able to modulate limbic functions such as arousal, emotion, and memory. This case report, aimed both to increase the awareness of this uncommon stroke syndrome and describe the observed effect of amantadine, will ultimately help clinicians properly recognize thalamic dementia, minimize unnecessary investigations, and develop effective neurorehabilitation strategies in these patients.
Differentiating Flail Limb Syndrome From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Kornitzer Jeffrey , Abdulrazeq Hael F. , Zaidi Mohammad , Bach John R. , Kazi Abdul , Feinstein Erin , Sander Howard W. , Souayah Nizar 
Published: April 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate differences between flail limb syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Design
A retrospective chart review identified 16 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 16 of flail limb syndrome. Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, compound muscle action potential amsplitudes, and rate of loss of vital capacity were compared.

Results
Comparing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and flail limb syndrome patients, rate of loss of vital capacity was 5.26% ± 0.33% versus 0.54% ± 0.06%, respectively (P < 0.05). No patient in the flail limb syndrome group had a rate of loss of vital capacity more than 0.65% per month. No patient in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis group had a rate of loss of vital capacity less than 4.6% per month. The average ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes were significantly lower in flail limb syndrome (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the rate of Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale decline or average peroneal, tibial, and median nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes.

Conclusions
In flail limb syndrome, an average monthly decrease in vital capacity exceeding 0.65% may suggest a spread of motor neuron loss to higher cervical anterior horn areas and raise the possibility of progression to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the rate of VC decline in flail limb syndrome and limb-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to establish whether a cutoff score combining rate of loss of vital capacity and compound muscle action potential amplitude mainly of the ulnar nerve might predict progression of flail limb syndrome to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the knowledge of which can facilitate appropriate patient counseling.
Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture: Cross-cultural Validation Data From Spanish Nursing Homes
Authors: Vrotsou Kalliopi , Pérez-Pérez Pastora , Alías Gorka , Machón Mónica , Mateo-Abad Maider , Vergara Itziar , Silvestre Carmen 
Published: April 2020

Objectives
Developing an adequate patient safety culture is a relevant objective for all health care levels. The Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPS) is a 12-dimension tool assessing safety culture in nursing homes (NH) for elder people. The psychometric properties of its Spanish adaptation are evaluated in this study.

Methods
Nursing homes with 15 beds or more, located in the Basque Country (North Spain), were invited in the study. All staff types were allowed to participate. Internal consistency was tested with Cronbach’s α. Convergent and divergent validity with Spearman’s correlations. Two-sample t test was used for known-groups validity. The NHSOPS dimensionality was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its stability in consecutive administrations (test-retest) was explored.

Results
Five hundred fifty-three valid baseline and 83 retest replies were received. The data suggest that the NHSOPS can be represented by a 10-factor model. Two items (A6 and A10) had loadings of less than 0.12. The rest survey items obtained loadings of greater than 0.40. Estimated correlations supported the convergent and divergent validity of the survey. Managers and administrators, as well as staff considering their NH to be a safe place for residents, obtained higher NHSOPS scores, suggesting acceptable known-groups validity. On the other hand, test-retest variation was considerable.

Conclusions
The current data support a simpler model, similar to that of the Norwegian NHSOPS validation. The stability of the scale should be further assessed in a bigger sample. Test-retest reliability and developing an adequate scoring scheme are issues worth of further study.
Burnout, Engagement, and Dental Errors Among U.S. Dentists
Authors: Yansane Alfa , Tokede Oluwabunmi , Walji Muhammad , Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Riedy Christine , White Joel , Kalenderian Elsbeth 
Published: April 2020

Background
Errors can happen during patient care, and some result in harm to the patient. Work place stress has been well established in dentistry, but its relation with errors in the delivery of patient care is less understood. The authors evaluated the relationship between burnout, work engagement, and self-reported dental errors among American dentists.

Methods
From May to August 2016, a national sample of American Dental Association member dentists were sent a validated, electronic survey assessing their levels of burnout, work engagement, and dental errors.

Results
Of the 391 responding dentists, 46.1% reported concern that they had made a dental error in the last 6 months, 12.1% of the dentists were informed by dental staff that they may have committed an error in the last 6 months, 16% were concerned that a malpractice lawsuit would be filed against them, and 3.6% were actively involved in a malpractice lawsuit. In the adjusted analysis, multivariate logistic regression showed that dentists with either high burnout risk were more likely to report concern over a perceived error within the last 6 months.

Conclusions
The results suggest that dental provider burnout is potentially a key predictor of reporting perceived dental errors. It is imperative that the dental profession continue to study the effects of work-related stress, develop professional practices that decrease burnout, and reduce errors.

Practical Implications
Efforts that minimize the potential for burnout may help reduce the occurrence of errors and improve the quality of care provided to dental patients.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis Patients
Authors: Kwon Minkyung , Lee Augustine S. , Mira-Avendano Isabel , Rojas Carlos A. , Grage Rolf , Abril Andy 
Published: April 2020

Background/Objective
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) may involve the kidney, respiratory tract, skin, or central and peripheral nervous system. Reports of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in AAV (AAV-ILD) have been increasing.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of all patients with AAV-ILD between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, and compared their pulmonary involvement to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Results
We identified 24 patients with AAV-ILD: 14 with microscopic polyangiitis, 8 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and 2 with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Perinuclear or myeloperoxidase ANCA was present in 16 cases (66.7%), whereas cytoplasmic or proteinase 3 ANCA was positive in 8 (33.3%). Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was seen in 11 (45.8%), probable UIP in 1 (4.2%), indeterminate UIP in 2 (8.3%), and an alternate diagnosis in 10 (41.7%), and was further characterized as chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like pattern seen in 6 (25%), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia-like pattern in 3 (12.5%), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia-like pattern in 1 (4.2%). Forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity declined over time in patients with AAV-ILD. When compared with the IPF cohort, patients with AAV-ILD had intermediate survival and speed of lung function decline (3-year survival in AAV-ILD group was 94% vs 69% in IPF).

Conclusions
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis ILD is a progressive and potentially fatal condition. Although most cases in the literature are associated with p-ANCA and positive myeloperoxidase, we found that a third of patients had c-ANCA or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Our cohort adds experience in this rare manifestation of AAV.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations Observed in Patients Diagnosed With Chikungunya Virus in 2 Municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Cardoso Pereira Ana Beatriz , Fernandes de Albuquerque Lana Carla , Medeiros Souza Rita Catarina , Freire de Carvalho Jozélio , Muniz Caldas Cezar Augusto 
Published: April 2020

Background
Chikungunya virus fever is an emerging disease that is rapidly spreading and becoming a global public health issue because of its clinical manifestations that cause physical limitations and high rates of chronification. No studies have characterized musculoskeletal manifestations in Brazilian patients with chikungunya.

Objective
To describe the musculoskeletal manifestations of patients with chikungunya infection in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon region.

Methods
This study was an observational, descriptive, and analytical study conducted from March to May 2018. The gender, age, time of infection, clinical manifestations reported during the acute phase, and results of a physical examination of the musculoskeletal system were collected.

Results
The medical records of 63 patients with a laboratory confirmation of chikungunya virus fever were analyzed. Eighty-three percent of these patients were women, with a mean age of 50.6 ± 14.5 years and 3.3 ± 3.1 months of infection. The main clinical manifestations reported during the acute phase were arthralgia (100%), fever (91%), and exanthema (65%). The physical examination revealed that the main joints affected by arthralgia resulted in a polyarticular (57%, 5–10 joints) and symmetrical pattern (62%) that mainly affected the ankles (53%) and knees (51%). Regarding arthritis, the most frequently affected area was the wrist (42%), with an oligoarticular pattern (42%, 2–4 joints).

Conclusions
In general, the clinical manifestations described in the Brazilian Amazon population are similar to those reported in publications from other countries; however, the main arthritis pattern identified is oligoarticular, with a predominance of the wrist. Moreover, the chronicity rate is 48%.
PET/CT of Duodenal Gangliocytic Paraganglioma
Authors: Morland David , Dejust Sébastien , Brasseur Mathilde , Monnier Louise , Papathanassiou Dimitri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An 87-year-old woman with leg-type lymphoma underwent a staging 18F-FDG PET/CT, which demonstrated besides leg lymphomatous lesions a round, well-defined, preduodenal mass with moderate FDG uptake. This mass remained unchanged after chemotherapy treatment completion, despite a complete metabolic response of lymphomatous lesions. A biopsy revealed a gangliocytic paraganglioma. Subsequent 18F-FDOPA PET/CT and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were positive and did not depict any other lesions.
Left Ventricular Mass is Independently Related to Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Burden
Authors: Walpot Jeroen , Massalha Samia , Hossain Alomgir , Small Gary R. , Crean Andrew M. , Yam Yeung , Rybicki Frank J. , Inácio João R. , Chow Benjamin J.W. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Coronary atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease [CAD]) and concentric left ventricular (LV) remodeling are linked pathophysiologically by endothelial dysfunction.

Aim:
This study sought to determine the potential association between coronary atherosclerosis and LVM.

Methods:
A total of 2384 consecutive patients, without structural heart disease or a medical history of CAD, undergoing prospective mid-diastolic electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. LVM and LV mid-diastolic volume were measured using semiautomated software and indexed to body surface area. The average LV mid-diastolic wall thickness and concentricity index (LVM/LV mid-diastolic volume) were calculated. According to the Agatston Score, the patients were divided into 3 groups (Agatston=0, 0.1 to 399.9, ≥400). Similarly, patients were also divided into 4 groups on the basis of the Total Plaque Score (TPS) (0, 1 to 4, 5 to 8, and ≥9). In addition, patients were categorized according to CAD (normal coronaries, nonobstructive CAD, and obstructive stenosis [obstruction >50%]). The association between the different categories of CAD and LV measures was assessed.

Results:
Both left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and the LV concentricity index increased with TPS categories from 55.3±12.1, 57.4±11.7, 60.9±13.6, and 63.7±15.3 g/m2 (P<0.05), and 0.935±0.424, 0.975±0.3273, 1.046±0.431, and 1.138±0.443 mL/g (P<0.01), respectively. A similar trend of increasing LVMi was observed with increasing Agatston Score (P<0.001) and CAD category (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
In patients without known structural heart disease, LVMi is independently associated with measures of CAD.
Outcomes of Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery in Malignant Colonic Obstruction, With Emphasis on Perforation Rate and Clinical Success
Authors: van Silfhout Lysanne , Smeekens Elisabeth A.J. , van Eekeren Ramon R.J.P. , Burger Jordy P.W. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Colonic stent placement in acute malignant obstruction has proven to be an alternative for emergency surgery. It has been associated with reduced stoma creation and postoperative morbidity. Concerns have risen that manipulation of the tumor and risk of perforation might result in lower disease-free survival. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of stenting as a bridge to surgery in these patients, with emphasis on clinical success of the stenting procedure.

Methods:
We performed a comparative study in the Rijnstate Hospital in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Data were collected from patients who underwent colonic stenting procedures or acute surgical resection due to malignant obstruction performed between 2007 and 2015. Patients treated with palliative intent were excluded.

Results:
We included 92 patients, 66 underwent stent placement and 26 had an acute surgical resection. Technical and clinical success rates of the stenting procedures were 94% and 82%, respectively. No significant differences in demographic, tumor or stenting characteristics were found for patients with clinically (un)successful stent placement or stent-related perforations. Patients with unsuccessful stent procedures or perforation had higher rates of open procedures and rescue colostomy. Survival rates were similar for patients who underwent stent placements compared with acute resection. We found no significant differences in survival between patients with successful compared with unsuccessful procedures or perforation.

Conclusions:
Survival rates of patients who underwent colonic stenting are similar to those of patients who had an acute resection. No negative effects on survival were observed for clinically failed stenting procedures or stent-related perforations.
Toward an artificial endothelium: Development of blood-compatible surfaces for extracorporeal life support
Authors: Roberts Teryn R. , Garren Mark R.S. , Handa Hitesh , Batchinsky Andriy I. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
A new generation of extracorporeal artificial organ support technologies, collectively known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS) devices, is being developed for diverse applications to include acute support for trauma-induced organ failure, transitional support for bridge to organ transplant, and terminal support for chronic diseases. Across applications, one significant complication limits the use of these life-saving devices: thrombosis, bleeding, and inflammation caused by foreign surface–induced blood interactions. To address this challenge, transdisciplinary scientists and clinicians look to the vascular endothelium as inspiration for development of new biocompatible materials for ECLS. Here, we describe clinically approved and new investigational biomaterial solutions for thrombosis, such as immobilized heparin, nitric oxide-functionalized polymers, “slippery” nonadhesive coatings, and surface endothelialization. We describe how hemocompatible materials could abrogate the use of anticoagulant drugs during ECLS and by doing so radically change treatments in critical care. Additionally, we examine several special considerations for the design of biomaterials for ECLS, including: (1) preserving function of the artificial organ, (2) longevity of use, and (3) multifaceted approaches for the diversity of device functions and applications.
What are the latest clinical findings regarding the association of neurotoxic brain antibodies found in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with autoimmune disorders?
Authors: Arinuma Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Recently, experiments show that the autoantibodies with direct access to neurons following blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption destroy neurons and lead to remodeling in damaged neurons. These are critical steps in autoantibody-mediated central nervous system disorder called neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). The purpose of this review is to examine therapeutic opportunities to repress neuronal remodeling by microglia after acute neuronal injury by autoantibodies.

Recent findings
Recent studies have demonstrated that BBB disruption is a critical step for developing NPSLE, and serum anti-Sm antibodies have been significantly associated with BBB breakdown. In addition, it has been reported that antiglucose regulated protein-78 in patients with SLE also disrupt the BBB. Experiments with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate antibodies show that HMGB1 and C1q were essential to activate microglia which, in turn, remodel damaged neurons in vivo. Interestingly treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor inactivated microglia and blunted neuronal remodeling as well as positively affected behavioral abnormalities.

Summary
BBB disruption, acute neuronal damage and neuronal remodeling by activated microglia are all critical steps for NPSLE development, and each step will afford novel therapeutic targets.
Introducing the National Drug Early Warning System
Authors: Artigiani Eleanor Erin , Wish Eric D. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
In 2013, NIH NIDA released a special funding opportunity to update and expand their longstanding Community Epidemiology Workgroup (CEWG) by creating a coordinating center for a new type of monitoring system that became the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS). This article provides an overview of four primary NDEWS components: core staff; an approach to detecting and monitoring emerging drug trends including community-based epidemiologists and national databases; small rapid follow-up studies; and innovative multimedia approaches for disseminating information.

Recent findings
The cornerstones for detecting and monitoring are the 1700+ member NDEWS Network and a coalition of local epidemiologists. Follow-up studies are designed with local researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to focus on local trends. Among NDEWS accomplishments are developing protocols for expanded urinalyses in high-risk populations and conducting follow-up studies with local collaborators in New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, and a tribal nation in Minnesota.

Summary
During its first 6 years, NDEWS has advanced its mission to develop multidisciplinary collaborations and innovative technologies for identifying, monitoring, and following up on emerging drug trends and has contributed to the translation of science into practice.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/YCO/A55.