bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating an ethernet communication between a Simatic S7-1200 PLC and Arduino Mega for an omnidirectional mobile platform and industrial equipment
Authors: Marosan A I , Constantin G , Barsan A , Crenganis M , Girjob C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The degree of automation in the industry increases more and more every year, trying to reduce more and more or even eliminate the collaboration with the human operator. The basis of all automatic industrial equipment is PLCs. This paper presents a method of extending the number of inputs and outputs of a Siemens Simatic S7-1200 PLC, using an Arduino Mega development board and an Ethernet communication. Following the realization of this communication, the number of inputs and outputs will increase considerably, being able to connect various sensors used for the construction of an omnidirectional mobile platform, but also for equipment for industry. The advantages of using this communication are multiple, both from a financial point of view and from the point of view of the flexibility and integration of robotic systems in industrial equipment.
Conceptual solutions for digital hydraulic pumps
Authors: Drumea P , Dumitrescu I C , Al Hristea M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the methods by which specialists in the field of hydraulic drives try to increase the efficiency of the systems is the use of digital hydraulics. Digital hydraulics is a system with one or more digital components that actively controls the output of the system. One of the basic elements of such a system is the digital hydraulic pump. The first proposed and recognized variant was the one with digital pumping element; from this solution, it was possible to produce digital hydraulic pumps on an industrial scale. In this article we present some solutions regarding the creation of digital hydraulic pumps starting from several fixed flow hydraulic pumps that can ensure the variation of the flow through a special selection of them. The displacement of each pump is different and chosen taking into account the binary criterion. The article gives an overview of several such systems developed within the institute.
The impact of x-ray incident angle on indirect fluoroscopy skin dose estimation
Authors: Chen Quan , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Indirect dosimetry to calculate peak skin dose (PSD) is generally based on reference air kerma or kerma-area-product, with effects of table attenuation, inverse square law and backscatter factor applied. When the incident x-ray beam angle changes, these factors would change as well. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of incident x-ray beam angle on the accuracy of indirect PSD calculation and develop a correction method. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assist analytical equation derivation and to validate the developed analytical method. Direct PSD measurements were performed a Siemens Artis Zee biplane fluoroscopy and a GE OEC C-Arm at different angles to validate the proposed correction method and its independence of fluoroscopy systems. Compared with MC simulated PSD, the derived analytical equation successfully predicts these PSD changes for incident angles of 0, 15, 30 and 40 degrees, with the residual error magnitude of 0.3%–3.1% corresponding to different SSDs. The agreement between calculated PSD also agrees well with direct measurement.
On calculation of the average linear energy transfer for radiobiological modelling
Authors: Vassiliev Oleg N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Applying the concept of linear energy transfer (LET) to modelling of biological effects of charged particles usually involves calculation of the average LET. To calculate this, the energy distribution of particles is characterized by either the source spectrum or fluence spectrum. Also, the average can be frequency- or dose-weighted. This makes four methods of calculating the average LET, each producing a different number. The purpose of this note is to describe which of these four methods is best suited for radiobiological modelling. We focused on data for photons (x-rays and gamma radiation) because in this case differences in the four averaging methods are most pronounced. However, our conclusions are equally applicable to photons and hadrons. We based our arguments on recently emerged Monte Carlo data that fully account for transport of electrons down to very low energies comparable to the ionization potential of water. We concluded that the frequency average LET calculated using the fluence spectrum has better predictive power than does that calculated using any of the other three options. This optimal method is not new but is different from those currently dominating research in this area.
A point defect model for YBa2Cu3O7 from density functional theory
Authors: Murphy Samuel T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The advent of high temperatures superconductors (HTS) will enable the development of compact fusion reactors capable of delivering large quantities of low carbon energy. However, the inside of a fusion reactor is a hostile environment and bombardment by high energy neutrons will alter the microstructure of constituent materials, including the HTS in the magnets. Key to understanding the evolution of a material’s microstructure when subjected to neutron irradiation is knowledge of the defect population in the starting material. Therefore, this work uses density functional theory (DFT) simulations, combined with simple thermodynamics, to create a point defect model that enables prediction of the types and concentrations of defects present in a model HTS, YBa2Cu3O7, under a range of fabrication conditions. The simulations predict that the defect chemistry of YBa2Cu3O7 is dominated by oxygen defects, predominantly vacancies, in agreement with prior experimental observations. Interestingly, the simulations predict that the exchange of Y and Ba atoms is the second lowest energy defect process in YBa2Cu3O7 after the oxygen Frenkel process. Furthermore, the point defect model shows that any cation non-stoichiometry will also be accommodated via antiste defects rather than either vacancies or interstitials. Overall, these results suggest that future fusion magnets will contain a high concentration of oxygen and cation antisite defects and that these must be considered in future studies of the evolution of HTS materials under irradiation.
Criticism Against Itself
Authors: Crane Gregg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A prominent strand of literary criticism today assumes that literature as literature is not significant enough to merit critical scrutiny. Instead of attending to the features that distinguish literature from everyday expression, this criticism values literature for its closeness to and reflection of life. Different as they might appear in their subject matter and approach, Character, The Disposition of Nature, and None Like Us share this “literature-as-life” orientation. In Character, Toril Moi, Rita Felski, and Amanda Anderson remind us of the pleasures of identification, embracing the layperson’s native inclination to consider “characters as objects of identification, sources of emotional response, or agents of moral vision and behavior” (4). Blending life writing with cultural criticism, Stephen Best uses his own narrative to attempt to rewrite the “‘traumatic model of black history’ in which the present is merely an endless, Oedipal repetition of slavery and Jim Crow” (6). Instead of the presence of an identity founded on this never-ending circuit of remembrance and despair, Best wants to dwell in impossibility, contradiction, paradox, and in-betweenness. Jennifer Wenzel’s study, The Disposition of Nature, blends paraphrases of literary representations of real-world environmental problems with references to political and cultural theories and to historical and journalistic accounts. In Wenzel’s case studies on such things as the story of oil extraction in the Niger Delta, the lifelikeness of literature engenders a meditative kind of outrage and skepticism. Given the fact that literary critics are no more expert in life than are their readers, the literature-as-life orientation shared by these authors leads to a kind of critical self-destruction.
Prevention of Hand Eczema among Nurse Apprentice (PREVEDERM): An Interventional Study
Authors: Moldovan Horatiu Remus , Manole Ionela , Suru Alina , Butacu Alexandra-Irina , Tatu Alin Laurentiu , Lupu Adriana , Dascalu Mihai , Tiplica George-Sorin , Salavastru Carmen Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Workers in the healthcare sector are at high risk of developing occupational hand eczema mainly due to frequent exposure to irritants and/or allergens. Amongst workers in healthcare, nurses are at higher risk of developing hand dermatitis.

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of a short educational intervention program in preventing occupational hand eczema in nurse apprentices, using two objective tools, namely TEWL and EH, and the HECSI score.

Methods
Data regarding professions, wet work exposure, activities performed during working hours, self-reported eczema were collected from 230 nurse students, divided in two study groups: the intervention and the control group (CG). The intervention group (IG) was given education about risks and proper skin care and was provided with cosmeceuticals to be used for skin care during hospital activity. The evaluation of skin properties was performed using questionnaires, HECSI score, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal hydration (EH).

Results
A number of 139 apprentice nurses completed the study. Of those participants who completed the study, 19.1% from CG and 19.6% from IG reported, at T1, hand eczema in the last 3 months, while at T2 (3 months later), 59.52 % of the CG and only 11.34 % from the IG stated having eczema in the last 3 months. In the IG, results showed an improvement of CM with 17% and of TEWL with 16%, with only a 0.5% improvement of CM in CG and a marked impairment of TEWL by 33%.

Conclusion
Hand eczema is a common occupational dermatosis affecting the medical staff, even during apprenticeship. Early preventive training programs are effective in reducing the burden of occupational contact dermatitis.
Does night-time aircraft noise trigger mortality? A case-crossover study on 24 886 cardiovascular deaths
Authors: Saucy Apolline , Schäffer Beat , Tangermann Louise , Vienneau Danielle , Wunderli Jean-Marc , Röösli Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
It is unclear whether night-time noise events, including from aeroplanes, could trigger a cardiovascular death. In this study, we investigate the potential acute effects of aircraft noise on mortality and the specific role of different night-time exposure windows by means of a case-crossover study design.

Methods and results
We selected 24 886 cases of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the Swiss National Cohort around Zürich Airport between 2000 and 2015. For night-time deaths, exposure levels 2 h preceding death were significantly associated with mortality for all causes of CVD [OR = 1.44 (1.03–2.04) for the highest exposure group (LAeq &gt; 50 dB vs. &lt;20 dB)]. Most consistent associations were observed for ischaemic heart diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Association were more pronounced for females (P = 0.02) and for people living in areas with low road and railway background noise (P = 0.01) and in buildings constructed before 1970 (P = 0.36). We calculated a population attributable fraction of 3% in our study population.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that night-time aircraft noise can trigger acute cardiovascular mortality. The association was similar to that previously observed for long-term aircraft noise exposure.
Long-term oral anticoagulant after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chew Derek , Piccini Jonathan P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Catheter ablation is superior to antiarrhythmic therapy for the reduction of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), recurrence, and burden. The possibility of a true ‘rhythm’ control strategy with catheter ablation has re-opened the debate on rate vs. rhythm control and the subsequent impact on stroke risk. Some observation studies suggest that successful AF catheter ablation and maintenance of sinus rhythm are associated with a decrease in stroke risk, while the CABANA trial had demonstrated no apparent reduction. Other observational studies have demonstrated increased stroke risk when oral anticoagulation (OAC) is discontinued after catheter ablation. When and in whom OAC can be discontinued after ablation will need to be determined in properly conducted randomized control trials. In this review article, we discuss our current understanding of the interactions between AF, stroke, and anticoagulation following catheter ablation. Specifically, we discuss the evidence for the long-term anticoagulation following successful catheter ablation, the potential for OAC discontinuation with restoration of sinus rhythm, and novel approaches to anticoagulation management post-ablation.
Realities of School ‘Integration’: Insights from Syrian Refugee Students in Jordan’s Double-Shift Schools
Authors: Salem Hiba 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent agendas have sought to encourage governments to integrate refugees into national education systems. However, clearer nuances of integration and examples of positive and negative approaches are necessary to help understand the effects of policies on students’ learning and well-being. This article explores the perceptions of Syrian refugee students who have been integrated into Jordan’s schools through the double-shift system. Drawing on a broader study which explored students’ perceptions through semi-structured interviews, this article illustrates how educational settings have shaped students’ perceptions of their spaces, learning, and aspirations. It portrays the issues that arise from a system that formally integrates refugee students in formal school while keeping them physically and socially segregated from native students. By shedding light on the ways in which educational spaces enhance or reduce differences between societies, this article argues that harmonized policies, structures, and practices are essential for inclusive and equal learning opportunities.
Improving Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Compliance Through Direct Physician Contact in a Military Treatment Facility: A Non-randomized Pilot Study
Authors: McDermott Alexis K , McDermott Andrew J , Osbaldiston Richard , Lennon Robert P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionScreening for breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) decreases morbidity and mortality. Most interventions to improve screening rely on automated modalities or nonphysician patient contact. There is limited data on direct patient contact by a physician to encourage BC and CC screening. This non-randomized pilot study sought to evaluate the potential of direct physician contact to improve BC and CC screening rates.Materials and MethodsA Family Medicine physician telephoned patients on his panel who were due or overdue for BC and CC screening. If the patient did not answer her phone, a voicemail was left; if unable to leave a voicemail, a letter was mailed. The completion rate of recommended screening tests was measured 3 months after contact and compared to a retrospectively identified control population. The change in compliance of the patient panel over 3 months was also calculated.ResultsDirect physician conversation by telephone yielded higher completion rates for BC and CC screening versus control patients, but only the CC completion rate increase was statistically significant. Direct conversation BC screening completion rate: 41.2% versus 22.7% (P = .22, n = 48). Direct conversation CC screening completion rate: 45% versus 13.9% (P = .01, n = 44). The intervention patient panel compliance with screening recommendations increased 20.5% for BC and 10.5% for CC.ConclusionDirect physician contact may be beneficial to increase compliance for more invasive screening tests.
Exploring reionization and high-z galaxy observables with recent multiredshift MWA upper limits on the 21-cm signal
Authors: Greig Bradley , Trott Cathryn M , Barry Nichole , Mutch Simon J , Pindor Bart , Webster Rachel L , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the latest multiredshift (z = 6.5−8.7) upper limits on the 21-cm signal from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) to explore astrophysical models which are inconsistent with the data. We explore these limits in the context of reionization astrophysics by using 21CMMC to connect the disfavoured regions of parameter space to existing observational constraints on reionization such as high-z galaxy ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions, the background UV photoionization rate, the intergalactic medium (IGM) neutral fraction, the electron scattering optical depth and the soft-band X-ray emissivity. We find the vast majority of disfavoured models to already be inconsistent with existing observational constraints. These can be broadly classified into two types of models: (i) ‘cold’ reionization and (ii) pure matter density fluctuations in a cold, neutral IGM (i.e. no reionization). Interestingly, a small subsample of models inconsistent with the MWA is consistent with the aforementioned constraints (excluding the X-ray emissivity). This implies that the current MWA limits are already providing unique information to disfavour models of reionization, albeit extremely weakly. We also provide the first limits on the soft-band X-ray emissivity from galaxies at high redshifts, finding 1σ lower limits of ϵX, 0.5−2 keV ≳ 1034.5 erg s−1 Mpc−3. Finally, we recover 95 per cent disfavoured limits on the IGM spin temperature of $\bar{T}_{\rm S}\lesssim$ 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 K at z = 6.5, 6.8, 7.1, 7.8, 8.2, and 8.7. With this, we infer the IGM must have undergone, at the very least, a small amount of X-ray heating. Note, the limits on ϵX, 0.5–2 keV and $\bar{T}_{\rm S}$ are conditional on the IGM neutral fraction.
On the combined role of cosmic rays and supernova-driven turbulence for galactic dynamos
Authors: Bendre Abhijit B , Elstner Detlef , Gressel Oliver 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTLarge-scale coherent magnetic fields observed in the nearby galaxies are thought to originate by a mean-field dynamo. This is governed via the turbulent electromotive force (EMF, $\overline{{\boldsymbol {\cal E}} {}}$) generated by the helical turbulence driven by supernova (SN) explosions in the differentially rotating interstellar medium (ISM). In this paper, we aim to investigate the possibility of dynamo action by the virtue of buoyancy due to a cosmic ray (CR) component injected through the SN explosions. We do this by analysing the magnetohydrodynamic simulations of local shearing box of ISM in which the turbulence is driven via random SN explosions and the energy of the explosion is distributed in the CR and/or thermal energy components. We use the magnetic field aligned diffusion prescription for the propagation of CR. We compare the evolution of magnetic fields in the models with the CR component to our previous models that did not involve the CR. We demonstrate that the inclusion of CR component enhances the growth of dynamo slightly. We further compute the underlying dynamo coefficients using the test-field method and argue that the entire evolution of the large-scale mean magnetic field can be reproduced with an α − Ω dynamo model. We also show that the inclusion of CR component leads to an unbalanced turbulent pumping between magnetic field components and additional dynamo action by the Rädler effect.
The multiphase environment in the centre of Centaurus A
Authors: Borkar A , Adhikari T P , Różańska A , Markowitz A G , Boorman P , Czerny B , Migliori G , De Marco B , Karas V 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the multiphase medium in the vicinity of the active galactic nucleus Centaurus A (Cen A). Combined high-resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Chandra X-ray Observatory indicate that the hot X-ray emitting plasma coexists with the warm and cold media in Cen A. This complex environment is a source of CO lines with great impact for its diagnostics. We present the images from the two above-mentioned instruments covering the nuclear region (diameter of 10 arcsec, i.e. ∼180 pc), and we study the conditions for plasma thermal equilibrium and possible coexistence of cool clouds embedded within the hot X-ray emitting gas. Further, we demonstrate that the multiphase medium originates naturally by the thermal instability arising due to the interaction of the high-energy radiation field from the nucleus with the ambient gas and dust. We demonstrate that cold gas clouds can coexist in the mutual contact with hot plasma, but even colder dusty molecular clouds have to be distanced by several hundred pc from the hot region. Finally, we propose a 3D model of the appearance of the hot plasma and the CO line-emitting regions consistent with the Chandra image, and we derive the integrated emissivity in specific molecular lines observed by ALMA from this model. To reproduce the observed images and the CO line luminosity the dusty shell has to be ∼420 pc thick and located at ∼1000 pc from the centre.
Spatially offset black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation and comparison to observations
Authors: Bartlett Deaglan J , Desmond Harry , Devriendt Julien , Ferreira Pedro G , Slyz Adrianne 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the displacements between the centres of galaxies and their supermassive black holes (BHs) in the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN, and in a variety of observations from the literature. The BHs in Horizon-AGN feel a subgrid dynamical friction force, sourced by the surrounding gas, which prevents recoiling BHs being ejected from the galaxy. We find that (i) the fraction of spatially offset BHs increases with cosmic time, (ii) BHs live on prograde orbits in the plane of the galaxy with an orbital radius that decays with time but stalls near z = 0, and (iii) the magnitudes of offsets from the galaxy centres are substantially larger in the simulation than in observations. We attribute the stalling of the infall and excessive offset magnitudes to the fact that dynamical friction from stars and dark matter is not modelled in the simulation, and hence provide a way to improve the BH dynamics of future simulations.
Cosmology dependence of halo masses and concentrations in hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Ragagnin Antonio , Saro Alexandro , Singh Priyanka , Dolag Klaus 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We employ a set of Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that span over 15 different cosmologies, and extract masses and concentrations of all well-resolved haloes between z = 0 and 1 for critical overdensities $\Delta _\textrm {vir}, \Delta _{200c}, \Delta _{500c}, \Delta _{2500c}$ and mean overdensity Δ200m. We provide the first mass–concentration (Mc) relation and sparsity relation (i.e. MΔ1 − MΔ2 mass conversion) of hydrodynamic simulations that is modelled by mass, redshift, and cosmological parameters Ωm, Ωb, σ8, h0 as a tool for observational studies. We also quantify the impact that the Mc relation scatter and the assumption of Navarro–Frank–White (NFW) density profiles have on the uncertainty of the sparsity relation. We find that converting masses with the aid of an Mc relation carries an additional fractional scatter ($\approx 4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) originated from deviations from the assumed NFW density profile. For this reason, we provide a direct mass–mass conversion relation fit that depends on redshift and cosmological parameters. We release the package hydro_mc, a python tool that perform all kind of conversions presented in this paper.