bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehalogenative or Deprotonative? The Preparation Pathway to the Organometallic Monomer for Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Catalyst‐Transfer‐Type Polymerization of Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Shibuya Yushin , Mori Atsunori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to a wide range of applications in electronic materials, polythiophenes attract considerable attention in organic and polymer syntheses as well as in materials science. For the purpose of developing the practical synthetic protocol, this review focuses on the deprotonative pathway in the preparation of thiophene organometallic monomer, which was shown to be effective employing 2‐halo‐3‐substituted thiophene as a monomer precursor. The thus metallated thiophene monomer was shown to undergo polymerization by nickel(II) complex catalysis, with which highly regioregular head‐to‐tail (HT)‐type polythiophenes were obtained with controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Several polythiophene derivatives with modified thiophene‐ring and side‐chain structures were shown to be designed in order to achieve the designed functionality as materials.
Computational prediction of hemodynamical and biomechanical alterations induced by aneurysm dilatation in patient‐specific ascending thoracic aortas
Authors: Jayendiran Raja , Condemi Francesca , Campisi Salvatore , Viallon Magalie , Croisille Pierre , Avril Stéphane 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to propose a robust computational framework combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 4D flow MRI to predict the progressive changes in hemodynamics and wall rupture index (RPI) induced by aortic morphological evolutions in patients harboring ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs). An analytical equation has been proposed to predict the aneurysm progression based on age, sex, and body surface area. Parameters such as helicity, wall shear stress (WSS), time‐averaged WSS, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, and viscosity were evaluated for two patients at different stages of aneurysm growth, and compared with age‐sex‐matched healthy subjects. The study shows that evolution of hemodynamics and RPI, despite being very slow in ATAAs, is strongly affected by morphological alterations and, in turn could impact biomechanical factors and aortic mechanobiology. An aspect of the current work is that the patient‐specific 4D MRI data sets were obtained with a follow‐up of 1 year and the measured time‐averaged velocity maps and flow eccentricity were compared with the CFD simulation for validation. The computational framework presented here is capable of capturing the blood flow patterns and the hemodynamic descriptors during the various stages of aneurysm growth. Further investigations will be conducted in order to verify these results on a larger cohort of patients and with long follow‐up times to finally elucidate the link between deranged hemodynamics, AA geometry, and wall mechanical properties in ATAAs.
Crosslinked Coating Improves the Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)
Authors: Horvat Sonja , Vogel Patrick , Kampf Thomas , Brandl Andreas , Alshamsan Aws , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Ahamed Maqusood , Albrecht Krystyna , Behr Volker C. , Beilhack Andreas , Groll Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMagnetic particle imaging is an emerging tomographic method used for evaluation of the spatial distribution of iron‐oxide nanoparticles. In this work, the effect of the polymer coating on the response of particles was studied. Particles with covalently crosslinked coating showed improved signal and image resolution.
To see or not to see: Importance of color perception to color therapy
Authors: Jonauskaite Domicele , Tremea Irina , Bürki Loyse , Diouf Cécile N. , Mohr Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColor therapy, healing through color, supposedly works through the physical exposure to color. In two studies, we assessed stress and anxiety reduction after color exposure using a commercially available relaxation‐through‐color routine. Participants either completed the routine by looking at the accompanying color disks or at a white patch. In study 1 (longitudinal), 60 participants completed the routine three times, each testing session separated by a week. In study 2 (cross‐sectional), 63 participants completed half of the trials once. In both studies, we recorded a decrease in stress and anxiety levels comparing before‐after scores. In study 1, we recorded incremental decreases with each week. Crucially, decreases were the same whether participants (a) physically saw colors or not, and (b) completed the full or shortened version. We conclude that other factors but physical exposure to color explain changes in affective states associated with this and probably other color therapy routines.
Thorough QT/QTc Study Shows That a Novel 5‐HT4 Receptor Partial Agonist Minesapride Has No Effect on QT Prolongation
Authors: Hamatani Tatsuto , Noda Naoto , Takagaki Takeshi , Yodo Yasuhide , Kawai Hirotaka , Kakuyama Hiroyoshi , Kaji Yoshikazu , Fujio Yasushi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMinesapride (drug code: DSP‐6952) is a potential gastrointestinal prokinetic agent with high selectivity for 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 (5‐HT4) receptor that acts as a partial agonist. Although 5‐HT4 receptor agonists are expected to show efficacy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, only tegaserod is available for female patients, with limitations, in the United States. Previously, another 5‐HT4 receptor agonist, cisapride, was widely used for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases, but was withdrawn from the market because of arrhythmia with QT prolongation. Chemically, benzamide is one of the most common structures among 5‐HT4 receptor agonists. Some benzamide derivatives, such as cisapride, are responsible for QT prolongation, while some, such as mosapride, are not. Thus, we planned a thorough QT/QTc study to investigate the effects of minesapride, a newly designed benzamide derivative, on the QT/QTc. This was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, 4‐arm, 4‐period, crossover study conducted in healthy adults, with administration of single oral doses of minesapride (40 mg and 120 mg), placebo, and moxifloxacin in the fasted state. Minesapride and placebo were administered in a double‐blind fashion, while the positive control moxifloxacin was administered in an open‐label fashion. Japanese subjects (48 total: 24 males and 24 females) were randomized, and 47 subjects completed all treatment periods. A review of other electrocardiographic data revealed that neither therapeutic (40 mg) nor supratherapeutic (120 mg) doses of minesapride were associated with increased risk of prolonged QT interval.
Top corner gas concentration prediction using t‐distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and Support Vector Regression algorithms
Authors: Wu Haibo , Shi Shiliang , Lu Yi , Liu Yong , Huang Weihong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe excess of gas concentration in the top corner of coal working face has always been the main factor restricting the safe productivity of coal mines. Therefore, the rapid and accurate prediction of top corner gas concentration is an effective method to prevent gas disasters. At the same time, the development of the Internet of things has made the gas monitoring data collected by the coal mine safety monitoring system exhibit nonlinear big data characteristics. In order to mine the characteristic data related to the gas concentration of the top corner from a high‐dimensional and nonlinear monitoring datasets, a model that integrates the t‐distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding algorithm (t‐SNE) and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm to predict the gas concentration of the top corner on the coal working face is proposed. First, the multidimensional monitoring data are nonlinearly dimension‐reduced by t‐SNE algorithm, which enabled the spatial feature data of the monitoring data to be extracted. After that, the SVR algorithm was used to construct the nonlinear regression model between the spatial feature data and the actual gas concentration of the top corner to predict the gas concentration of the top corner. The experimental results show that the predictive model based on t‐SNE and SVR was better than the multiple linear regression, SVR, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) + SVR. The results show the model based on t‐SNE and SVR was more stable and could provide more accurate predictions, anomaly sensitivity, and the fitness is 0.55628405, which can better fit the actual gas concentration of the top corner.
Pilot randomized controlled trial of a video self‐help intervention for depression based on acceptance and commitment therapy: Feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Gaudiano Brandon A. , Davis Carter H. , Miller Ivan W. , Uebelacker Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA common setting where depression is identified and treated is in primary care, where there is a need for low‐intensity and cost‐effective interventions to be used as part of a stepped‐care model. The current study involved a pilot, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial of a video self‐help intervention for primary care patients based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The intervention, called LifeStories, consisted of storytelling vignettes of patients describing their use of ACT‐consistent coping skills for depression. Primary care patients were recruited to determine feasibility, acceptability, and potential clinical effects of the intervention. Twenty‐one participants were assigned to use LifeStories over a period of 4 weeks, and 19 participants were assigned to an attention‐matched comparison group. Qualitative feedback indicated that participants using LifeStories found the intervention to be engaging and useful in transmitting key ACT principles. Furthermore, those receiving LifeStories rated their level of “transportation” or immersion in the videos higher than the control group. Both conditions showed large improvements in levels of depression at a 12‐week follow‐up. There were no significant differences in symptom outcomes between groups; however, because this was a pilot study, it was not powered to detect differences between interventions. Both conditions additionally showed smaller effect size changes in psychological flexibility, a key ACT mechanism. The results suggest LifeStories to be a feasible and acceptable psychological intervention that may improve depression, and further research is warranted to determine its effectiveness as part of a stepped‐care approach to treating depression in primary care.
Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and short‐term photosynthetic response to drought
Authors: Helm Levi T. , Shi Hanyu , Lerdau Manuel T. , Yang Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrought is among the most damaging climate extremes, potentially causing significant decline in ecosystem functioning and services at the regional to global scale, thus monitoring of drought events is critically important. Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been found to strongly correlate with gross primary production on the global scale. Recent advances in the remote sensing of SIF allow for large‐scale, real‐time estimation of photosynthesis using this relationship. However, several studies have used SIF to quantify the impact of drought with mixed results, and the leaf‐level mechanisms linking SIF and photosynthesis are unclear, particularly how the relationship may change under drought. We conducted a drought experiment with 2‐yr old Populus deltoides. We measured leaf‐level gas exchange, SIF, and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence before and during the 1‐month drought. We found clear responses of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to water stress, however, SIF showed a smaller response to drought. Net photosynthesis (Anet) and conductance dropped 94% and 95% on average over the drought, while SIF values only decreased slightly (21%). Electron transport rate dropped 64% when compared to the control over the last week of drought, but the electron transport chain did not completely shut down as Anet approached zero. Additionally, SIF yield (SIFy) was positively correlated with steady‐state fluorescence (Fs) and negatively correlated with non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ; R2 = 0.77). Both Fs and SIFy, after normalization by the minimum fluorescence from a dark‐adapted sample (Fo), showed a more pronounced drought response, although the results suggest the response is complicated by several factors. Leaf‐level experiments can elucidate mechanisms behind large‐scale remote sensing observations of ecosystem functioning. The value of SIF as an accurate estimator of photosynthesis may decrease during mild stress events of short duration, especially when the response is primarily stomatal and not fully coupled with the light reactions of photosynthesis. We discuss potential factors affecting the weak SIF response to drought, including upregulation of NPQ, change in internal leaf structure and chlorophyll concentration, and photorespiration. The results suggest that SIF is mainly controlled by the light reactions of photosynthesis, which operate on different timescales than the stomatal response.
Drivers of global Scolytinae invasion patterns
Authors: Lantschner M. Victoria , Corley Juan C. , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are affected by characteristics of invading species, strength of pathway connectivity among world regions and habitat characteristics of invaded regions. These factors may interact in complex ways to drive geographical variation in numbers of invasions among world regions. Understanding the role of these drivers provides information that is crucial to the development of effective biosecurity policies. Here we assemble for the first time a global database of historical invasions of Scolytinae species and explore factors explaining geographical variation in numbers of species invading different regions. This insect group includes several pest species with massive economic and ecological impacts and these beetles are known to be accidentally moved with wood packaging in global trade. Candidate explanatory characteristics included in this analysis are cumulative trade among world regions, size of source species pools, forest area, and climatic similarity of the invaded region with source regions. Species capable of sib‐mating comprised the highest proportion on nonnative Scolytines, and these species colonized a higher number of regions than outbreeders. The size of source species pools offered little power in explaining variation in numbers of invasions among world regions nor did climate or forest area. In contrast, cumulative trade had a strong and consistent positive relationship with numbers of Scolytinae species moving from one region to another, and this effect was highest for bark beetles, followed by ambrosia beetles, and was low for seed and twig feeders. We conclude that global variation in Scolytine invasions is primarily driven by variation in trade levels among world regions. Results stress the importance of global trade as the primary driver of historical Scolytinae invasions and we anticipate other hitchhiking species would exhibit similar patterns. One implication of these results is that invasions between certain world regions may be historically low because of past low levels of trade but future economic shifts could result in large numbers of new invasions as a result of increased trade among previously isolated portions of the world. With changing global flow of goods among world regions, it is crucial that biosecurity efforts keep pace to minimize future invasions and their impacts.
Nonlinear variation in clinging performance with surface roughness in geckos
Authors: Pillai Rishab , Nordberg Eric , Riedel Jendrian , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the challenges faced by organisms moving within their environment is essential to comprehending the evolution of locomotor morphology and habitat use. Geckos have developed adhesive toe pads that enable exploitation of a wide range of microhabitats. These toe pads, and their adhesive mechanisms, have typically been studied using a range of artificial substrates, usually significantly smoother than those available in nature. Although these studies have been fundamental in understanding the mechanisms of attachment in geckos, it is unclear whether gecko attachment simply gradually declines with increased roughness as some researchers have suggested, or whether the interaction between the gekkotan adhesive system and surface roughness produces nonlinear relationships. To understand ecological challenges faced in their natural habitats, it is essential to use test surfaces that are more like surfaces used by geckos in nature. We tested gecko shear force (i.e., frictional force) generation as a measure of clinging performance on three artificial substrates. We selected substrates that exhibit microtopographies with peak‐to‐valley heights similar to those of substrates used in nature, to investigate performance on a range of smooth surfaces (glass), and fine‐grained (fine sandpaper) to rough (coarse sandpaper). We found that shear force did not decline monotonically with roughness, but varied nonlinearly among substrates. Clinging performance was greater on glass and coarse sandpaper than on fine sandpaper, and clinging performance was not significantly different between glass and coarse sandpaper. Our results demonstrate that performance on different substrates varies, probably depending on the underlying mechanisms of the adhesive apparatus in geckos.
Gene dose matters: Considerations for the use of inducible CD4‐CreERT2 mouse lines
Authors: Zeiträg Julia , Alterauge Dominik , Dahlström Frank , Baumjohann Dirk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that Cre recombinase can be toxic to immune cells in various experimental settings. Cre recombinase toxicity is dependent on the level of Cre activity and may also interfere with cell proliferation. Here, we compared two different published tamoxifen‐inducible CD4‐CreERT2 mouse lines for their suitability to study the dynamics of T‐follicular helper cell responses in vivo. Our data underscore that under certain circumstances inducible Cre toxicity (tamoxifen application results in translocation of preformed CreERT2 to the nucleus) interferes with cell survival and, therefore, necessitates careful interpretation of experimental data and the inclusion of appropriate controls. Interestingly, our data indicate that low expression of CreERT2 can still allow for efficient recombination in proliferating lymphocytes without causing excessive cell loss due to Cre toxicity.
Modeling study on the influence of the strip filling mining sequence on mining‐induced failure
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Changxiang , Pan Haiyang , Yin Dawei , Ma Junbiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe strip filling mining method can solve the problems related to mining under structures, under aquifers, and under infrastructure (3U coal seams), while the reasonable selection of the mining and filling sequence still requires further investigation. The current study was conducted to investigate the stress and surface subsidence of a filling body (or coal pillar) under two filling sequences through theoretical analysis, similar simulation tests, and numerical simulations. To achieve optimal filling materials for the Liudong Coal Mine, a low‐strength similar paste filling material composed of fly ash, gypsum, and sand was developed. The relationships between the strength and the cement ratio and between the strength and the sand‐binder ratio were discussed. Similar simulation tests showed that mining scheme 1 (mining before filling) could lead to the formation of an isolated island coal pillar in the mining process, mining scheme 2 (filling before mining) had less influence on surface subsidence, and the stress on the filling body was smaller for scheme 2 than for scheme 1. The distributions of the stress and plastic zone in the two different mining and filling sequences were obtained through numerical simulations. The method of first filling and then mining could greatly reduce the stress concentration and plastic zone during the mining process. In summary, mining scheme 2 (filling before mining) can avoid the formation of isolated island coal pillars in the process of mining, and without considering other factors, scheme 2 should be adopted as much as possible.
Effect of the addition of microcapsules with avocado peel extract and nisin on the quality of ground beef
Authors: Calderón‐Oliver Mariel , Escalona‐Buendía Héctor B. , Ponce‐Alquicira Edith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the incorporation of microcapsules containing nisin and avocado peel extract on the shelf life of ground beef. Ten treatments were studied and divided into two groups: one packaged under vacuum and the other in permeable packaging. Each group contained: (a) control, (b) extract, (c) nisin, (d) empty microcapsules (only wall microcapsule system), and (e) microcapsules with extract and nisin. The samples containing the microcapsules presented lower bacterial growth and less oxidation. On day 10, the vacuum‐packaged samples with microencapsulated preservative presented a reduction in the oxidation of proteins of approximately 45%, of 30% in the growth of mesophiles, and of 38% in the growth of coliforms, as well as a reduction in the changes in the pH and ɑW that occur during storage, compared with the permeable control. The combination of microcapsules with vacuum packaging reduced the physicochemical and microbiological changes that occur in the controls.