bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Analysis of COVID-19 Case Demographics in Gary, Indiana
Authors: Snapp Cameron , Trimoski Bill , Brown Martin , Han Amy , Kostrominova Tatiana 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis:
Health disparities are prevalent in Black populations, and COVID-19 is not an exception. COVID-19 is a pandemic that has been confirmed in 3.8 million Americans and has caused 133,283 deaths in the US (4/20/2020). Recent literature suggests that minoritized and impoverished populations are more severely impacted by COVID-19. Gary, Indiana has a large Black population (80%), high number of residents living below the poverty line (34%), and high unemployment rate (20%). We hypothesized that Black individuals in Gary have a higher rate of positive cases, hospitalizations, and deaths than non-Black individuals. Also, we hypothesized that income (median household income measured by zip code) is negatively correlated with COVID-19 deaths.
Experimental Design and Project Methods:In collaboration with the Gary Health Department, we analyzed demographic data on all positive cases in the city from 4/16/2020 through 6/19/2020. Case data was de-identified with 16 dimensions including age, race, sex, ethnicity, hospitalization, death, and zip code. Data was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and regression analysis.
Results:
Positive cases and hospitalizations are 2-fold and 3-fold more frequent in the Black population compared to the non-Black population in Gary (p<0.0001, P<0.01, age and population-adjusted), respectively. Median household income of a zip code is exponentially and negatively correlated with COVID-19 related deaths in that zip code (R2=0.7450, p=0.0123).
Conclusion and Potential Impact:
In Gary, there is a clear health disparity of both income and race, specifically in the context of COVID-19. Health officials can utilize this data to reallocate resources to highly populated, low income, and predominantly Black neighborhoods. In addition, future predictive analysis could be beneficial in developing a model to predict COVID-19 prevalence and severity. Such a model would help local health departments prepare for a second Covid-19 wave, providing for better outcomes for at risk populations through resource allocation.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Uptake of the PHQ-9 Depression Scale in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Wang Larry , Kroenke Kurt 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Perinatal depression (PND) is a prevalent and disabling problem both during pregnancy and the postpartum period globally. While the legacy screening measure has been the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the PHQ-9 is the most widely used depression measure in clinical practice and is considered a viable alternative in many PND guidelines. This systematic review examines the criterion and convergent validity of the PHQ-9 as a screener for PND.
Methods: The following databases were searched in June 2020: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychInfo. Search terms were the PHQ-9 AND perinatal AND depression. Variants of each were also included as an OR statement such as “patient health questionnaire” as a variant of the PHQ-9. Only studies published in English and after 2001 were accepted as the PHQ-9 was not available as a screening test before then.
Results: A total of 35 articles were eligible for criterion (n=10) or convergent validity (n=25). Studies with criterion validity had sensitivity and specificity ranging from 65 to 95 and 62 to 89, respectively. For the 7 articles using the standard PHQ-9 cut point ≥ 10, median sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively. The median AUC was 0.88. Of the 9 correlation values shared between the PHQ-9 and EPDS, values range from 0.36 to 0.77 with a median of 0.60. The median Cohen’s kappa value of 0.535 in four studies showed good agreement.
Conclusion: Of the criterion validity articles, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC indicate the PHQ-9 may be used to screen for PND. The convergent validity comparison articles between the PHQ-9 and EPDS also support use of the PHQ-9 in perinatal populations.
Characterizing Muscle Phenotype and Prognosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhou Shannon , Silverman Libbie , Young Andrew , Roodman David , Suvannasankha Attaya , Zimmers Teresa 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective:
Low muscle mass (myopenia), poor muscle quality, myosteatosis, and muscle loss are associated with mortality in solid tumors. However, their impact in hematological malignancies remains unclear. We sought to determine how muscle phenotype relates to survival in patients with multiple myeloma.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of patients with multiple myeloma treated at Indiana University Hospital from 2012-2016. Total skeletal muscle area (SMA) (cm2) and radiodensity were measured on baseline (closest to diagnosis) and last CT scans at the third lumbar vertebrae area. SMA was normalized to height (SMA cm2/m2) to define skeletal muscle index (SKMI). Myopenia was defined as (SKMI) <52.4 cm2/m2 (men) and <38.5 cm2/m2 (women). Myosteatosis and obesity were defined per published BMI-specific cutoffs. Difference in survival between groups was estimated using log rank test.
Results:
Of 455 patients with multiple myeloma, 137 had more than one CT scan; 42 of these have been assessed to date. Half (21/42) were myopenic. Myopenia was equally prevalent across BMI categories and showed no association with survival. More than half of patients displayed myostetatosis; however, this was not associated with survival. Obesity and myopenic obesity were likewise not correlated with survival. Below-median baseline SKMI correlated with mortality, HR 2.721 (95% CI, 1.160-5.564: P=0.0129). As well, below-median final SMA correlated with mortality, HR 2.381 (95% CI, 1.094-5.181, P=0.0213). On average patients lost .7129% of SMA (95% CI; -6.072%-4.646%). Females had higher mortality, HR 2.355 (95% CI 0.9895-5.604, P=0.0215).
Conclusion and Potential Impact:
Although this study represents a fraction of treated patients to date, myopenia was prevalent among patients at diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Low muscle mass and sex appear to be important prognostic factors for survival. Additional measurements as well as univariate and multivariate analyses are necessary to verify these findings and identify additional factors that contribute to survival in multiple myeloma.
A INVENÇÃO DA GASTRONOMIA "TÍPICA ALEMÃ" NA MÍDIA IMPRESSA CONTEMPORÂNEA DO VALE DOS SINOS, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Canha Blum Fátima Vitoria , Rieth Ricardo Willy 
Published: December 2020

O artigo aborda representações da assim chamada gastronomia “típica alemã” na mídia impressa de cidades do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, região há quase dois séculos estreitamente vinculada à história da imigração e colonização por germânicos. Mediante a análise de discursos textuais e imagéticos publicados em jornais, amparada teoricamente nos Estudos Culturais, investiga-se a produção de sentidos em torno às práticas culinárias e alimentares e, com destaque para as estratégias de invenção da gastronomia "típica alemã" na contemporaneidade e os processos negociação de identidades a elas vinculados.Palavras-chave: Estudos Culturais; Etnicidade; Gastronomia Alemã; Pedagogias Culturais; Mídia Impressa
Działalność religijna i dobroczynna przeworskiego ośrodka Kanoników Regularnych Stróżów Najświętszego Grobu Bożego w Jerozolimie
Authors: Rolski Zbigniew , Thomas Ireneusz 
Published: December 2020

Tradycja dobroczynności zakonu bożogrobców w Polsce jest jednym z ciekawszych wątków tego opracowania. Zakon ten po raz pierwszy w tej części Europy wprowadził profesjonalny system leczenia szpitalnego dla ubogich. Rodzina magnacka Tarnowskich, kierując się polityką dworu królewskiego Jagiellonów, umacniała chrystianizację ziem Rusi Czerwonej od 1394 (1396) i otrzymała zgodę na sprowadzenie Kanoników Regularnych Stróżów Najświętszego Grobu w Jerozolimie do ośrodka duszpasterskiego w Przeworsku. Związek między zabudowaniami Grobu Bożego a liturgią i rozbudowanymi formami kultu Grobu Bożego miał swój specyficzny i oryginalny charakter. O ile kaplice Grobu Świętego związane z kalwariami i poszczególne przedstawienia Grobu nienależące do Miechowitów były miejscem kultu Męki Pańskiej, o tyle w przypadku przedstawień Grobu Świętego u bożogrobców ich związek z kultem i liturgią miał głębszy sens. Grób Pański w Przeworsku był i jest nie tylko zabytkiem architektonicznym, ale także miejscem żywego kultu religijnego. Przez blisko trzy stulecia istnienia przeworskiego Sepulchrum Domini spotykano różne formy kultu Grobu Pańskiego, zarówno w formie kultu liturgicznego, jak i paraliturgicznego, dlatego w pracy omówiono je bardziej szczegółowo. W dzisiejszych czasach szczególnie ważne dla kontynuacji tradycji średniowiecznych bractw religijnych kultywujących istotę Bożego Grobu są zorganizowane grupy młodych mężczyzn, a ostatnio także kobiet, które tworzą oddziały „Turków”, pełniących straż przy Bożym Grobie. W Przeworsku i okolicznych wsiach są one nadal widoczne, zwłaszcza w okresie wielkanocnym, zapewniając porządek w czasie uroczystości religijnych i pobożnego nawiedzania kościołów przez wiernych.
Closing Time: EU Border Crossings During COVID-19
Authors: Kany Marco 
Published: December 2020

There are more than 40 border crossings between the Federal State of Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg. In fact, Saarbrücken is the only one of the 16 state capitals of the Federal Republic of Germany on whose territory a state border runs. The urban area of Saarbrücken borders directly on France over a distance of more than 10 km. I was born in 1971 and grew up in a small village, pretty close to the French border. The border points were always easy to pass, even before the Schengen Agreement came into force. Like anybody, I accepted the rare controls. It was perhaps like accepting an annual cold. “After Schengen” the border disappeared more and more from my (and also the collective) consciousness over the years, a state that I still appreciate very much today. All the more it hit me to be confronted with closure of this border for the first time in my life. The obvious consequence for me was the creation of the photo series with which I wanted to document this unpleasant and hopefully unique state. All photos were taken between March 27 and April 10, 2020. For the compelte series, see my website.
» © Marco Kany | marcokany.de «
Toxoplasma gondii: A Possible Inducer of Oxidative Stress in Re-productive System of Male Rats
Authors: HOSEINY ASL NAZARLU Ziba , MATINI Mohammad , BAHMANZADEH Maryam , FOROUGHI-PARVAR Faeze 
Published: December 2020

Results: After post inoculation, the variations of the OSMs in the testis tissue of infected rats were as follows: a significant decrease of SOD on day 80 (P=0.03), and CAT activity were detected on day 60 and 80 (P=0.04 and P=0.01) respectively. In addition, GSH (P =0.01) and TAC (P =0.03) concentration were significantly reduced on day 80. On the contrary, the concentration of MDA (P =0.01) was increased 70 days after infection. In addition, consistent changes with the tissue testis were observed in the serum OSMs of infected rats.
Conclusion: T. gondii infection caused oxidative stress in testis tissue. Thus, the adverse effects of oxidative stress may affect the male rat reproductive system.
Anytime Collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces for Enhancing Group Decision-Making in Realistic Environments
Authors: Bhattacharyya Saugat , Valeriani Davide , Cinel Caterina , Citi Luca , Poli Riccardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present and test collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces (cBCIs) that can significantly increase both the speed and the accuracy of group decision-making in realistic situations. The key distinguishing features of this work are: (1) our cBCIs combine behavioural, physiological and neural data in such a way as to be able to provide a group decision at any time after the quickest team member casts their vote, but the quality of a cBCI-assisted decision improves monotonically the longer the group decision can wait; (2) we apply our cBCIs to two realistic scenarios of military relevance (patrolling a dark corridor and manning an outpost at night where users need to identify any unidentified characters that appear) in which decisions are based on information conveyed through video feeds; and (3) our cBCIs exploit Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited in brain activity by the appearance of potential threats but, uniquely, the appearance time is estimated automatically by the system (rather than being unrealistically provided to it). As a result of these elements, groups assisted by our cBCIs make both more accurate and faster decisions than when individual decisions are integrated in more traditional manners.
Protective effect of glycyrrhizin, a direct HMGB1 inhibitor, on post-contrast acute kidney injury
Authors: Oh Hyewon , Seo Nieun , Lim Joon Seok , You Je Sung , Chung Yong Eun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Post contrast-acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is defined as the deterioration of renal function after administration of iodinated contrast media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HMGB1 and PC-AKI and the protective effect of glycyrrhizin, a direct inhibitor of HMGB1, in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: control, PC-AKI and PC-AKI with glycyrrhizin. Oxidative stress, mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and kidney injury markers (Kim-1, NGAL and IL-18) were assessed. In addition, the serum and intracellular protein levels of HMGB1 were analyzed. Moreover, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assessed. Oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, kidney injury markers and LDH were significantly higher in PC-AKI compared to the controls, but were lower in PC-AKI with glycyrrhizin. Intracellular and serum HMGB1 levels significantly increased after contrast media exposure, whereas they markedly decreased after glycyrrhizin pretreatment. SCr and BUN also decreased in PC-AKI with glycyrrhizin compared to PC-AKI. Our findings indicate that HMGB1 plays an important role in the development of PC-AKI and that glycyrrhizin has a protective effect against renal injury and dysfunction by inhibiting HMGB1 and reducing oxidative stress.
An analysis of the Educational Environment at the Malta Foundation Programme&nbsp;using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM).
Authors: Grech Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Learning from managing patients in a real-world context is by far superior to simulation learning. A substandard educational environment is associated with poor patient care and suboptimal learning outcomes. The measurement of the educational environment provides an insight on what is needed to improve the level of training.Methods This study used the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) to measure the educational environment at the Malta Foundation Programme. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics of the study population. Non-parametric comparative statistics were used to identify statistically significant differences between groups.Results 98 trainees out of 370 (26.5%) completed the online questionnaire. These consisted of 39 FY1s (31.5% of 124), 33 FY2s (24.8% of 133) and 26 Extended FYs (23.0% of 113). The 40-item PHEEM showed good reliability with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.912. These doctors have perceived their educational environment as more positive than negative. There seems to be a dip midway through training with an improvement towards the end of the two-year training period. The three worst scoring items seem to be related to when the trainees are on call.Conclusion Perceptions of role autonomy and of social support are areas where most work is needed. Teaching seems to be moving in the right direction but there is always room for improvement.
Changes in Essential Oil Content and Composition of Salvia Limbata C.A. Mey at Different Growth Stages and Altitudes
Authors: Saffariha Maryam , Azarnivand Hossein , Chahouki Mohammad Ali Zare , Tavili Ali , Ebrahimi Samad Nejad , Potter Daniel , Jahani Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe present study investigates the effect of growth stage (vegetative, flowering and seed ripening) and altitude (1500, 2000 and 2500 m above sea level) on the content and chemical composition of S. limbata essential oil which belongs to Lamiaceae family.ResultsAccording to the oil analysis, 28 components representing 96.5% to 99.7% of the total volatile oil composition were characterized. The main compounds of S. limbata oils were α-pinene (14.7-38.7%), β-pinene (12.5-26.2%), allo-aromadendrene (9.2-21.7%), germacrene D (4.2-8.3%), bicyclogermacrene (6.5-14.5 %), and spathulenol (7.5-25.4 %).DiscussionThe obtained results showed that the content and constituents of S. limbata essential oil strongly depend on the growth stage and altitude. Our findings revealed that the vegetative stage at 1500 m is the optimal harvest time to obtain the highest content of oil yield. Results of the current study helps to find the optimum situation to gain the highest content of S. limbata essential oil but more researches are needed.
Interprofessional Education on Complex Patients in Nursing Homes: A Focus Group Study&nbsp;
Authors: Svensberg Karin , Kalleberg Birgitte , Hellesø Ragnhild , Mathiesen Liv , Wøien Hilde , Hove Lene , Andersen Remi , Waaktaar Trine , Schultz Henrik , Sveaass Nora , Rosvold Elin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAn ageing population leads up to increasing multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. This demands a comprehensive and interprofessional approach in meeting patients’ complex needs. This study describe graduate students’ experiences of working in interprofessional teams with complex patients’ care needs in nursing homes.MethodStudents from advanced geriatric nursing, clinical nutrition, dentistry, medicine and pharmacy at the University of K in Norway were joined to groups to examine and develop a care plan for a nursing home patient during a course. Focus groups were used, where 21 graduate students participated in four groups. Data were collected during spring 2018 and were inductively analysed according to a thematic analysis method (Systematic Text Condensation) and discussed using four previously proposed types of coordination practices. ResultsThree themes were identified: 1) Complex patients as learning opportunities- an eye-opener for future interprofessional collaboration 2) A cobweb of relations, and 3) Structural facilitators for new collective knowledge. Graduate university students experienced IPE on complex patients in nursing homes as a comprehensive learning arena.ConclusionsInterprofessional education in nursing homes disclose challenges and possibilities to develop the health care service for elderly patients with complex care needs. It is important to experience complex situations during professional education, even if frustrating, when students have the possibility to discuss difficulties with each other and the faculty. Educators can arrange their IPE activity to foster more collaborative practices and potentially increase learning outcomes.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Promotes Healing and Reduced Pain in Patients with Acute Suppurative Mastitis
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Feng , Xu Qin , Lin Zhenlv , Lin Bo , Huang Meng , Wu Qiaoyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and conventional incision and drainage (I&D) for treating acute suppurative mastitis. Methods: Hospital medical records were searched for patients 20 to 50 years of age who were diagnosed with acute suppurative mastitis from January 2014 to December 2018, and treated with traditional I&D or VSD. Patients were divided into those treated with VSD and I&D, and outcomes including pain, healing time, length of hospital stay, and length of antibiotic course were compared between the groups. Pain was evaluated with a numeric rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain). Subgroup analysis of lactating women was also performed. Results: There were 110 women who received traditional I&D, and 105 women that received VSD included. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age (31.1 ± 4.8 vs. 29.9 ± 4.4, p = 0.058), and disease characteristics. The median pain score of women who received VSD (5 [IQR: 5-6]) was significantly less than that of women who received I&D (8 [IQR: 7-8]) (p < 0.001). The time for healing was significantly less in women who received VSD (40 days [IQR: 30-45 days]) compared to I&D (60 days [IQR: 45-70 days]) (p < 0.001). The length of hospital say and the length of antibiotic treatment were similar between the 2 groups. Results were similar for lactating women. Conclusion: VSD is effective for treating acute suppurative mastitis with reduced pain and shortening healing time.
Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Na Sukjoon , Rogers Olivia , Youn Sungmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. This paper presents a novel quantitative method to determine the quality of the physical and chemical activation processes performed in the presence of intensity inhomogeneity and identify surface characteristics of manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. The spatial density was calculated by the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic in scanning electron microscopy images. The spatial characteristics were determined by analyzing Ripley’s K function and complete spatial randomness. Results show that the method introduced in this paper is capable of distinguishing between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds, in terms of surface morphology.