bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint state estimation for nonlinear state‐space model with unknown time‐variant noise statistics
Authors: Li Ke , Zhao Shunyi , Liu Fei 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper considers the joint estimation problem of state and unknown measurement noise covariance for nonlinear state‐space models. Using the variational Bayesian inference, the joint posterior distribution of state and measurement noise covariance is approximated by two independent proposal distributions, which is considered as a key idea of the proposed approach. Due to the nonlinearities caused by the system itself, the probability density function (PDF) of state involved in estimation is computationally intractable. Therefore, a set of weighted particles is generated to overlap the empirical density of state, while the PDF of measurement noise covariance is still derived analytically by using the conjugate properties of the Inverse‐Gamma distribution. Two simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide more satisfied estimation performance for nonlinear systems than the commonly used particle filter when measurement noise covariance is unavailable.
A Rational Design for a High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Battery Assembled with a Heatproof–Fireproof Bifunctional Separator
Authors: Peng Longqing , Kong Xiangbang , Li Hang , Wang Xin , Shi Chuan , Hu Texiong , Liu Yizhen , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh‐Ni‐content LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 is regarded as a feasible cathode material to meet the urgent requirement for high energy density batteries. However, such cathode has a poor safety performance because of reactive oxygen releasing at elevated temperatures. In pursuit of high‐safety lithium‐ion batteries, a heatproof–fireproof bifunctional separator is designed in this study by coating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) particles on a ceramic‐coated separator modified with phenol‐formaldehyde resin (CCS@PFR). The CCS@PFR separator acts as a thermal‐supporting layer to inhibit the shrinkage of the separator at elevated temperatures, whereas the APP‐coated layer functions as a fireproof layer, forming a dense polyphosphoric acid (PPA) layer above 300 °C. The PPA layer not only isolates the combustibles from the highly reactive oxygen released from the cathodes but also converts violent combustion reactions into mild stepwise exothermic reactions by carbonizing the combustibles in the batteries. Enabled with such a heatproof–fireproof bifunctional separator, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|SiOx−Gr full cells are constructed and these exhibit an excellent safety performance by not catching fire during a 30 s combustion test and surviving the 10 min high‐temperature test above 300 °C. Additionally, an adiabatic rate calorimeter and nail penetration test are conducted with 3 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|SiOx−Gr pouch cells to further verify the safety performance.
A Review on Scaling Up Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Daiyu , Zhang Deyi , Lim Kwang‐Soo , Hu Yue , Rong Yaoguang , Mei Anyi , Park Nam‐Gyu , Han Hongwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPower conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been boosted to 25.5% among the highest efficiency for single‐junction solar cells, making PSCs extremely promising to realize industrial production and commercialization. Scaling up PSCs to fabricate efficient perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is the fundamental for applications. Here, present progresses on scaling up PSCs are reviewed. The structure design for PSMs is discussed. Various scalable methods and related morphology control strategies for large‐area uniform perovskite films are summarized. Potential charge transport materials and electrode materials together with their scalable methods for low‐cost, efficient, and stable PSMs are also summarized. Besides, current attempts on encapsulation for improving stability and reducing lead leakage are introduced, and the calculated cost and environment influence of PSMs are also outlined.
Path‐Dependent Thermal Metadevice beyond Janus Functionalities
Authors: Su Yishu , Li Ying , Yang Tianzhi , Han Tiancheng , Sun Yuguo , Xiong Jian , Wu Linzhi , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJanus metamaterials, metasurfaces, and monolayers have received intensive attention in nanophotonics and 2D materials. Their core concept is to introduce asymmetry along the wave propagation direction, by stacking different materials or layers of meta‐atoms, or breaking out‐of‐plane mirror asymmetry with external biases. Nevertheless, it has been hitherto elusive to realize a diffusive Janus metadevice, since scalar diffusion systems such as heat conduction normally operate in the absence of polarization control, spin manipulation, or electric‐field stimuli, which all are widely used in achieving optical Janus devices. It is even more challenging, if not impossible, for a single diffusive metadevice to exhibit more than two thermal functions. Here a path‐dependent thermal metadevice beyond Janus characteristics is proposed, which can exhibit three distinct thermal behaviors (cloaking, concentrating, and transparency) under different directions of heat flow. The rotation transformation mechanism of thermal conductivity provides a robust platform to assign a specific thermal behavior in any direction. The proof‐of‐concept experiment of anisotropic in‐plane conduction successfully validates such a path‐dependent trifunction thermal metamaterial device. It is anticipated that this path‐dependent strategy can provide a new dimension for multifunctional metamaterial devices in the thermal field, as well as for a more general diffusion process.
Magnetic Moments Induced by Atomic Vacancies in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Flakes
Authors: Ge Jun , Luo Tianchuang , Lin Zuzhang , Shi Jianping , Liu Yanzhao , Wang Pinyuan , Zhang Yanfeng , Duan Wenhui , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract2D magnetism plays a key role in both fundamental physics and potential device applications. However, the instability of the discovered 2D magnetic materials has been one main obstacle in deep research and potential application of 2D magnetism. Here, a localized magnetic moment induced by Pt vacancies in air‐stable type‐II Dirac semimetal PtSe2flakes is reported. The localized magnetic moments give rise to the Kondo effect, evidenced by logarithmic increment of resistance with decreasing temperature and isotropic negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. Additionally, the induced magnetic moment and Kondo temperature appear to depend on thickness in the thinner samples (<10 nm). The small magnetocrystalline anisotropy revealed by first‐principles calculation indicates that the magnetic moments are randomly localized instead of long‐range ordered. The findings demonstrate a new means to induce magnetism in 2D non‐magnetic materials.
Straining and Tuning Atomic Layer Nanoelectromechanical Resonators via Comb‐Drive MEMS Actuators
Authors: Xie Yong , Lee Jaesung , Wang Yanan , Feng Philip X.‐L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBroad frequency tuning is an essential attribute desired in resonant nano/microelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and their many applications. Endowed with ultrahigh intrinsic strain limits, combined with other unconventional properties, atomically thin 2D crystalline materials are excellent candidates for building highly tunable resonant NEMS. Here a heterogeneous integration approach is demonstrated to enable on‐chip, continuous, and broad frequency tuning in 2D NEMS resonators by directly controlling strain via voltage‐controlled silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) comb‐drive MEMS actuators. By varying the comb‐drive actuation voltage, resonance frequency of the 2D NEMS can be tuned as large as 75% continuously with precise control. The comb‐drive actuation‐enabled direct straining and tuning also yield quality (Q) factor boost up to twofold. It is validated that this technique is readily applicable to straining and tuning representative 2D NEMS in various leading materials: graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN). This study demonstrates that additively integrating 2D resonators atop mainstream SOI MEMS enables a versatile platform, and opens new possibilities for voltage control and broad tuning of 2D NEMS on chip.
Catalytic Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes Promoted by a Cobalt Complex
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Rodeghiero Giacomo , Perciaccante Rossana , Jansen Thomas Paul , Moreno‐Cabrerizo Cristina , Foucher Charles , Marchini Marianna , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe preparation of homoallylic alcohols by addition of organometallic allyl compounds to carbonyls is an important strategy in organic chemistry. Allylating organometallic cobalt species can be generated employing stoichiometric quantities of Zn acting as reductant. To avoid the employment of stoichiometric amount of Zn, we have developed an allylation reaction of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes promoted by photoredox catalysis in the presence of a cobalt complex, and we present herein a full account of our research. In the presence of the abundant CoBr2 (10 mol %), 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐dipyridyl (dtbbpy, 10 mol %), allyl acetate (3 equiv.), [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6 (ppy=2‐phenylpyridine, 2 mol %), and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (4 equiv.), an allylation of aldehydes is taking place, in moderate to good yields. Substrates scope, limitations, and photophysical investigations of this new process are reported.magnified image
Accelerating Heterogeneous Multiscale Simulations of Advanced Materials Properties with Graph‐Based Clustering
Authors: Vassaux Maxime , Gopalakrishnan Krishnakumar , Sinclair Robert C. , Richardson Robin. A. , Coveney Peter V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous multiscale methods (HMM) capable of simulating asynchronously multiple scales concurrently are now tractable with the advent of exascale supercomputers. However, naive implementations display a large number of redundancies and are very costly. The macroscale model typically requires computations of a large number of very similar microscale simulations. In hierarchical methods, this is barely an issue as phenomenological constitutive models are inexpensive. However, when microscale simulations require, for example, high‐dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) or finite element (FE) simulations, redundancy must be avoided. A clustering algorithm suited for HMM workflows is proposed that automatically sorts and eliminates redundant microscale simulations. The algorithm features a combination of splines to render a low‐dimension representation of the parameter configurations of microscale simulations and a graph network representation based on their similarity. The algorithm enables the clustering of similar parameter configurations into a single one in order to reduce to a minimum the number of microscale simulations required. An implementation of the algorithm in the context of an HMM application coupling FE and MD to predict the chemically specific mechanical behavior of polymer‐graphene nanocomposites. The algorithm furnishes a threefold reduction of the computational effort with limited loss of accuracy.
Toughening of a Soft Polar Polythiophene through Copolymerization with Hard Urethane Segments
Authors: Zokaei Sepideh , Kroon Renee , Gladisch Johannes , Paulsen Bryan D. , Sohn Wonil , Hofmann Anna I. , Persson Gustav , Stamm Arne , Syrén Per‐Olof , Olsson Eva , Rivnay Jonathan , Stavrinidou Eleni , Lund Anja , Müller Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolar polythiophenes with oligoethylene glycol side chains are exceedingly soft materials. A low glass transition temperature and low degree of crystallinity prevents their use as a bulk material. The synthesis of a copolymer comprising 1) soft polythiophene blocks with tetraethylene glycol side chains, and 2) hard urethane segments is reported. The molecular design is contrary to that of other semiconductor‐insulator copolymers, which typically combine a soft nonconjugated spacer with hard conjugated segments. Copolymerization of polar polythiophenes and urethane segments results in a ductile material that can be used as a free‐standing solid. The copolymer displays a storage modulus of 25 MPa at room temperature, elongation at break of 95%, and a reduced degree of swelling due to hydrogen bonding. Both chemical doping and electrochemical oxidation reveal that the introduction of urethane segments does not unduly reduce the hole charge‐carrier mobility and ability to take up charge. Further, stable operation is observed when the copolymer is used as the active layer of organic electrochemical transistors.
Tunable Hybrid Matrices Drive Epithelial Morphogenesis and YAP Translocation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zegers Mirjam M. P. , Nagelkerke Anika , Rowan Alan E. , Span Paul N. , Kouwer Paul H. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMorphogenesis is a tightly‐regulated developmental process by which tissues acquire the morphology that is critical to their function. For example, epithelial cells exhibit different 2D and 3D morphologies, induced by distinct biochemical and biophysical cues from their environment. In this work, novel hybrid matrices composed of a Matrigel and synthetic oligo(ethylene glycol)‐grafted polyisocyanides (PICs) hydrogels are used to form a highly tailorable environment. Through precise control of the stiffness and cell‐matrix interactions, while keeping other properties constant, a broad range of morphologies induced in Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells is observed. At relatively low matrix stiffness, a large morphological shift from round hollow cysts to 2D monolayers is observed, without concomitant translocation of the mechanotransduction protein Yes‐associated protein (YAP). At higher stiffness levels and enhanced cell‐matrix interactions, tuned by controlling the adhesive peptide density on PIC, the hybrid hydrogels induce a flattened cell morphology with simultaneous YAP translocation, suggesting activation. In 3D cultures, the latter matrices lead to the formation of tubular structures. Thus, mixed synthetic and natural gels, such as the hybrids presented here, are ideal platforms to dissect how external physical factors can be used to regulate morphogenesis in MDCK model system, and in the future, in more complex environments.
Recycling Policies, Behavior and Convenience: Survey Evidence from the CalRecycle Program
Authors: Berck Peter , Blundell Marshall , Englander Gabriel , Gold Samantha , He Shelley , Horsager Janet , Kaplan Scott , Sears Molly , Stevens Andrew , Trachtman Carly , Taylor Rebecca , Villas‐Boas Sofia B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAB2020 established a deposit‐refund system in California, where consumers are reimbursed the California Redemption Value (CRV) upon recycling eligible containers at a recycling center. We study recycling under this policy, focusing on consumer convenience, reported recycling and diversion behavior, and responses to changes in the CRV amount. We find that consumers prefer nearby centers with flexible operating hours and short waiting times. While the CRV induces recycling, an increase in CRV would not lead to major recycling increases, given the limited number of containers entering trash streams. Finally, most diverted containers are taken from trash streams, not curbside recycling bins.
Evaluating polymer‐coated fertilizer prototypes designed for planting along with maize seed
Authors: DeBruin Jason L. , Gorowara Rajeev L. , Schussler Jeffrey , Pape Ryan , Grafton Melissa , Liu Lu , Macchia Jacy , Kendra Shane , Zhang Jihua , Burch Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSide‐dress N is a management strategy in maize (Zea Mays L.) production that can increase yield, reduce N leaching, and increase the probability that N remains post‐flowering. This management adds cost, is time‐sensitive, and can be difficult due to field shape and topography. A plantable, polymer‐coated urea N bead of two sizes and two coating thicknesses was developed and field tested across multiple locations during 2015–2017 as a replacement to side‐dress application. Locations differed in previous crop history and the initial N rates applied prior to treatments. Bead performance varied among locations but averaged 0.3 Mg ha−1 compared to an uncoated control or in‐season urea‐ammonium‐nitrate (UAN) application. Bead application increased yield 0.8 Mg ha−1 when rainfall exceeded 225 mm between planting and R1 (silk appearance) but did not improve yield when rainfall was <125 mm. Nitrogen release from the bead was described by a thermal time function. A common exponential decay function was not adequate to describe the release of N across all locations indicating variation in release of N among locations driven by factors other than soil temperature. Slow‐release, polymer‐coated fertilizer, placed near the seed at planting, provides the option to apply supplemental N at planting, followed by N release later in the season, eliminating the need for in‐season applications. Further research is needed to more closely match coating thickness and N release to crop N demand consistently across locations and development of equipment to enable one‐pass seed planting and N application operations.
Biocultural pathways linking periodontal disease expression to food insecurity, immune dysregulation, and nutrition
Authors: Dent Sophia C. , Berger Steph M. , Griffin Jacob S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn this article, we test theoretical pathways leading to and resulting from periodontal disease to better understand how periodontal disease, which is measurable in both past and present populations, integrates biocultural context and affects whole‐body physiology.MethodsWe use data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003‐2004 and logistic and linear regressions to test pathways linking psychosocial stress to periodontal disease, and periodontal disease to serum vitamin C levels. We then use causal mediation analysis to test the role of mediating variables in these pathways (n = 1853 individuals).ResultsFood insecurity was positively associated with periodontal disease and negatively associated with serum counts of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophils. Neither CRP nor neutrophils significantly mediated the relationship between food insecurity and periodontal disease. Periodontal disease was negatively associated with serum vitamin C levels and positively associated with neutrophil counts. Neutrophils may mediate the relationship between periodontal disease and vitamin C.ConclusionsWe identify two main findings: (a) periodontal disease contributes to and may result from immune dysregulation, particularly of neutrophils, and (b) an immune response to chronic infection such as periodontal disease is metabolically expensive for the body to maintain and likely depletes serum micronutrient levels. Both micronutrient status and serum neutrophil counts affect multiple skeletal and physiological phenotypes and thus position periodontal disease in whole‐body context.
Validation and clinical performance of a combined nuclear‐mitochondrial next‐generation sequencing and copy number variant analysis panel in a Canadian population
Authors: Levy Michael A , Kerkhof Jennifer , Belmonte Frances R. , Kaufman Brett A. , Bhai Pratibha , Brady Lauren , Bursztyn Lulu L.C.D. , Tarnopolsky Mark , Rupar Tony , Sadikovic Bekim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiagnosing mitochondrial disorders is a challenge due to the heterogeneous clinical presentation and large number of associated genes. A custom next generation sequencing (NGS) panel was developed incorporating the full mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) plus 19 nuclear genes involved in structural mitochondrial defects and mtDNA maintenance. This assay is capable of simultaneously detecting small gene sequence variations and larger copy number variants (CNVs) in both the nuclear and mitochondrial components along with heteroplasmy detection down to 5%. We describe technical validations of this panel and its implementation for clinical testing in a Canadian reference laboratory, and report its clinical performance in the initial 950 patients tested. Using this assay, we demonstrate a diagnostic yield of 18.1% of patients with known pathogenic variants. In addition to the common 5 kb mtDNA deletion, we describe significant contribution of pathogenic CNVs in both the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes in this patient population.
Use of dexamethasone in idiopathic, acute pediatric rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Summerlin Maxwell L. , Regier Debra S. , Fraser Jamie L. , Chapman Kimberly A. , Kafashzadeh Dariush , Billington Charles , Kisling Monisha , Grochowsky Angela , Ah Mew Nicholas , Shur Natasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent rhabdomyolysis treatment guidelines vary based on the etiology and diagnosis, yet many cases evade conclusive diagnosis. In these cases, treatment options remain largely limited to fluids and supportive therapy. We present two cases of acute rhabdomyolysis diagnosed in the emergency department: a 5‐year‐old boy with sudden onset bilateral flank pain, and a 13‐year‐old boy with 2–3 days of worsening pectoral and shoulder pain. Each patient had a prior similar episode requiring hospitalization in the past. The 5‐year‐old had no inciting trauma or trigger, medication use, or illness. The 13‐year‐old previously had an upper respiratory infection during the week prior and had been strenuously exercising at the time of onset. Genetic testing results were unknown for both patients during their hospitalizations, and insurance and other barriers led to delay. Later results for the first patient revealed a heterozygous deletion in intron 19 on the LPIN1 gene interpreted as a variant of unknown significance. During their hospitalizations, both children were started on intravenous (i.v.) fluids, and creatine kinase (CK) initially trended downward, but then began to rise or plateau. After reviewing the cases, prior literature, and anecdotal evidence of benefit from corticosteroid therapy in rhabdomyolysis with our consultant metabolic physicians, dexamethasone was initiated. In both patients, dexamethasone use correlated with relief of patient symptoms, significantly decreased CK value, and our ability to discharge these patients home quickly. Our cases, discussion, and literature review all lead to the consideration of the use of dexamethasone in conjunction with standard therapy for acute rhabdomyolysis.
Delineation of the clinical and radiological features of Stuve–Wiedemann syndrome childhood survivors, four new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Siccha Sofía M. , Cueto Anna María , Parrón‐Pajares Manuel , González‐Morán Gaspar , Pacio‐Miguez Marta , Del Pozo Ángela , Solís Mario , Rodriguez‐Jimenez Carmen , Caino Silvia , Fano Virginia , Heath Karen E. , García‐Miñaúr Sixto , Palomares‐Bralo María , Santos‐Simarro Fernando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStuve–Wiedemann syndrome (SWS; MIM 601559) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the leukemia inhibitor factor receptor gene (LIFR). Common clinical and radiological findings are often observed, and high neonatal mortality occurs due to respiratory distress and hyperthermic episodes. Despite initially considered as a lethal disorder during the newborn period, in recent years, several SWS childhood survivors have been reported. We report a detailed clinical and radiological characterization of four unrelated childhood SWS molecularly confirmed patients and review 22 previously reported childhood surviving cases. We contribute to the definition of the childhood survival phenotype of SWS, emphasizing the evolving phenotype, characterized by skeletal abnormalities with typical radiological findings, distinctive dysmorphic features, and dysautonomia. Based on the typical features and clinical course, early diagnosis is possible and crucial to plan appropriate management and prevent potential complications. Genetic confirmation is advisable in order to improve genetic counseling to the patients and their families.