bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
Authors: Bratsberg Bernt , Dawes Christopher T. , Kotsadam Andreas , Lindgren Karl-Oskar , Öhrvall Richard , Oskarsson Sven , Raaum Oddbjørn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine differences in turnout depending on birth order, using unique population-wide individual level register data from Sweden and Norway that enables precise within-family estimates. We consistently find that higher birth order entails lower turnout, and that the turnout differential with respect to birth order is stronger when turnout is lower. The link between birth order and turnout holds when we use data from four other, non-Nordic countries. This birth order effect appears to be partly mediated by socio-economic position and attitudinal predispositions.
Lithospheric mantle, asthenosphere, slab and crustal contribution to petrogenesis of Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks from the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, SE Ahar, Iran
Authors: Ahmadvand Ahmad , Ghorbani Mohammad Reza , Mokhtari Mir Ali Asghar , Chen Yi , Amidon William , Santos Jose Francisco , Paydari Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSignificant uncertainty remains regarding the exact timing and nature of subduction events during the closure of the Tethyan seas in what is now NW Iran. This study thus presents new geochemical compositions and U–Pb ages for a suite of volcanic rocks emplaced during Cenozoic volcanism in the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, which is commonly regarded as the back-arc of the Neotethyan magmatism in Central Iran. The subalkali basalts and andesites are dated to 57 ± 1.2 Ma, and are likely derived from a supra-subduction mantle wedge. Later, trachytic A-type rocks erupted from ∼42 to 25 Ma during an anorogenic (extensional) stage triggered by slab retreat and associated asthenospheric mantle influx. A-type melts were at least partly concurrent with lithospheric mantle magmatism implied by eruption of subalkali basalts–andesites around 26–24 Ma. Next, Amp-Bt trachybasaltic volcanism with high-Nb basaltic affinity at ∼19 Ma likely records slab deepening and slab partial melting, which reacted with the mantle wedge to produce the source material for the high-Nb basalts. Sr–Nd isotopic ratios for SE Ahar mafic as well as A-type rocks imply rather enriched mantle source(s). Some crustal contamination is implied by the presence of inherited zircons dominated by those derived from Neoproterozoic–Cambrian basement rocks and Carboniferous magmatism. Rhyolitic rocks with adakitic affinity probably mark the final volcanism in the study area. The adakitic rocks show crustal signatures such as high K and Th, probably formed as a consequence of higher temperature gradients, at crustal levels, imposed by both slab and mantle partial melts.
Ore-forming mechanism and its relationship with deformational and metamorphic episodes at Haimur gold mine, Nubian Shield, Egypt
Authors: Abd El Monsef Mohamed , Abdelnasser Amr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Haimur area represents the central part of the Wadi Allaqi region in the southern block of the Egyptian Eastern Desert near Nasser Lake and the Nile valley. It is made up of ophiolitic assemblage comprising serpentinite and talc carbonate, listwenite, metagabbro/amphibolite and metabasalt and island arc assemblages. The orogenic gold deposits in the Haimur area occur in the form of smoky/white sulphide-bearing quartz / quartz-carbonate veins or lenses cutting through the listwenite zone-related rocks. The NE-trending auriferous veins were formed due to an extensional to transtensional shearing related to NW Najd shear tectonics. Gold was observed in association with late-pyrite and chalcopyrite paragenetically formed in the gold phase (second phase), while the first phase is the sulphide phase including early-pyrite and arsenopyrite. Arsenopyrite was formed during early metamorphic recrystallization at a high-temperature range between 405 and 512 °C. However, gold was formed at lower temperature through retrograde metamorphism. Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized: aqueous (type-I), mixed aqueous–carbonic (type-II) and hydrocarbonic (type-III). The P–T conditions of trapping were obtained from the isochore lines of intersection between T = 300–320 °C and pressure range of 60–180 MPa. The Haimur gold deposit was supposed to be derived from metamorphic fluids created by dehydration and decarbonation of ophiolitic mélange assemblages and volcano-sedimentary rocks, in which the gold was transported as Au(HS)2– complexes and precipitated in reduced environment. The strong linkage between the deformation and metamorphism triggered gold deposition in structurally favourable sites related to the Najd fault system.
From plans to action? Retirement thoughts, intentions and actual retirement: an eight-year follow-up in Finland
Authors: Nivalainen Satu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study applies Feldman and Beehr's three-step model to examine retirement as a decision-making process leading from retirement thoughts to retirement plans and from retirement plans to actual retirement. The results show that retirement thoughts have a clear independent effect on retirement plans as measured by intended retirement age. Furthermore, retirement plans have an isolated effect on retirement patterns. Intended retirement age is the strongest predictor of actual retirement age. Retirement intentions can be thought to represent the effect of unobservable characteristics on retirement, such as preference and motivation. Retirement plans materialise with quite high accuracy. Several key factors are associated with intended and actual retirement age in a similar manner. Unemployment and higher income are connected with earlier planned and actual retirement. Health has a pronounced effect: better health is conducive to later retirement while weaker health (sickness absences) is conducive to earlier retirement. This applies both to retirement intentions and actual retirement and to the difference between the two. The most important way for organisations to extend working lives is to look after the health of older employees. Giving older workers an increased sense of control and lowering job demands helps to prevent premature retirement. Supporting older workers’ continued employment is significant for the retention of older workers, while layoffs targeting older workers shorten working lives.
Trump Is Not a (Condorcet) Loser! Primary Voters’ Preferences and the 2016 Republican Presidential Nomination
Authors: Woon Jonathan , Craig Sean , Leifson Amanda , Tarpey Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMany commentators argued that if elites and voters had coordinated on an alternative candidate, Donald Trump could have been defeated for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination. This claim rests on the implicit assumption that Trump would have been defeated in a head-to-head contest against another candidate—that he was a Condorcet loser. Conventional pre-election polls, however, do not provide enough information about voters’ preferences to assess the plausibility of this claim. Relying on novel data to construct individuals’ complete preferences over the set of leading Republican candidates, we find that no other candidate strictly defeats Trump in pairwise majority-rule comparisons and—far from being a Condorcet loser—that Trump is a member of the majority-rule core. Our results question the plausibility of the coordination narrative because Trump’s support was wider than political observers believed: it came from a broad base of the Republican primary electorate rather than a small but intense minority.
Early detection and classification of live bacteria using time-lapse coherent imaging and deep learning
Authors: Wang Hongda , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Qiu Yunzhe , Bai Bijie , Zhang Yibo , Jin Yiyin , Tok Sabiha , Yilmaz Enis Cagatay , Gumustekin Esin , Rivenson Yair , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly identification of pathogenic bacteria in food, water, and bodily fluids is very important and yet challenging, owing to sample complexities and large sample volumes that need to be rapidly screened. Existing screening methods based on plate counting or molecular analysis present various tradeoffs with regard to the detection time, accuracy/sensitivity, cost, and sample preparation complexity. Here, we present a computational live bacteria detection system that periodically captures coherent microscopy images of bacterial growth inside a 60-mm-diameter agar plate and analyses these time-lapsed holograms using deep neural networks for the rapid detection of bacterial growth and the classification of the corresponding species. The performance of our system was demonstrated by the rapid detection of Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria (i.e., Klebsiella aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae) in water samples, shortening the detection time by >12 h compared to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-approved methods. Using the preincubation of samples in growth media, our system achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of ~1 colony forming unit (CFU)/L in ≤9 h of total test time. This platform is highly cost-effective (~$0.6/test) and has high-throughput with a scanning speed of 24 cm2/min over the entire plate surface, making it highly suitable for integration with the existing methods currently used for bacteria detection on agar plates. Powered by deep learning, this automated and cost-effective live bacteria detection platform can be transformative for a wide range of applications in microbiology by significantly reducing the detection time and automating the identification of colonies without labelling or the need for an expert.
Regulation of cancer cell metabolism: oncogenic MYC in the driver’s seat
Authors: Dong Yang , Tu Rongfu , Liu Hudan , Qing Guoliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of unbridled growth and proliferation. As such, most human cancers differ from normal counterpart tissues by a plethora of energetic and metabolic reprogramming. Transcription factors of the MYC family are deregulated in up to 70% of all human cancers through a variety of mechanisms. Oncogenic levels of MYC regulates almost every aspect of cellular metabolism, a recently revisited hallmark of cancer development. Meanwhile, unrestrained growth in response to oncogenic MYC expression creates dependency on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, which in principle provides novel targets for development of effective cancer therapeutics. In the current review, we summarize the significant progress made toward understanding how MYC deregulation fuels metabolic rewiring in malignant transformation.
Accessing unexplored regions of sequence space in directed enzyme evolution via insertion/deletion mutagenesis
Authors: Emond Stephane , Petek Maya , Kay Emily J. , Heames Brennen , Devenish Sean R. A. , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Hollfelder Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInsertions and deletions (InDels) are frequently observed in natural protein evolution, yet their potential remains untapped in laboratory evolution. Here we introduce a transposon-based mutagenesis approach (TRIAD) to generate libraries of random variants with short in-frame InDels, and screen TRIAD libraries to evolve a promiscuous arylesterase activity in a phosphotriesterase. The evolution exhibits features that differ from previous point mutagenesis campaigns: while the average activity of TRIAD variants is more compromised, a larger proportion has successfully adapted for the activity. Different functional profiles emerge: (i) both strong and weak trade-off between activities are observed; (ii) trade-off is more severe (20- to 35-fold increased kcat/KM in arylesterase with 60-400-fold decreases in phosphotriesterase activity) and (iii) improvements are present in kcat rather than just in KM, suggesting adaptive solutions. These distinct features make TRIAD an alternative to widely used point mutagenesis, accessing functional innovations and traversing unexplored fitness landscape regions.
Gainers and losers of surface and terrestrial water resources in China during 1989–2016
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Xiao Xiangming , Zou Zhenhua , Dong Jinwei , Qin Yuanwei , Doughty Russell B. , Menarguez Michael A. , Chen Bangqian , Wang Junbang , Ye Hui , Ma Jun , Zhong Qiaoyan , Zhao Bin , Li Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractData and knowledge of the spatial-temporal dynamics of surface water area (SWA) and terrestrial water storage (TWS) in China are critical for sustainable management of water resources but remain very limited. Here we report annual maps of surface water bodies in China during 1989–2016 at 30m spatial resolution. We find that SWA decreases in water-poor northern China but increases in water-rich southern China during 1989–2016. Our results also reveal the spatial-temporal divergence and consistency between TWS and SWA during 2002–2016. In North China, extensive and continued losses of TWS, together with small to moderate changes of SWA, indicate long-term water stress in the region. Approximately 569 million people live in those areas with deceasing SWA or TWS trends in 2015. Our data set and the findings from this study could be used to support the government and the public to address increasing challenges of water resources and security in China.
A second generation leishmanization vaccine with a markerless attenuated Leishmania major strain using CRISPR gene editing
Authors: Zhang Wen-Wei , Karmakar Subir , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Dey Ranadhir , Lypaczewski Patrick , Ismail Nevien , Siddiqui Abid , Simonyan Vahan , Oliveira Fabiano , Coutinho-Abreu Iliano V. , DeSouza-Vieira Thiago , Meneses Claudio , Oristian James , Serafim Tiago D. , Musa Abu , Nakamura Risa , Saljoughian Noushin , Volpedo Greta , Satoskar Monika , Satoskar Sanika , Dagur Pradeep K. , McCoy J. Philip , Kamhawi Shaden , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Hamano Shinjiro , Satoskar Abhay R. , Matlashewski Greg , Nakhasi Hira L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania protozoa transmitted by infected sand flies. Vaccination through leishmanization with live Leishmania major has been used successfully but is no longer practiced because it resulted in occasional skin lesions. A second generation leishmanization is described here using a CRISPR genome edited L. major strain (LmCen−/−). Notably, LmCen−/− is a genetically engineered centrin gene knock-out mutant strain that is antibiotic resistant marker free and does not have detectable off-target mutations. Mice immunized with LmCen−/− have no visible lesions following challenge with L. major-infected sand flies, while non-immunized animals develop large and progressive lesions with a 2-log fold higher parasite burden. LmCen−/− immunization results in protection and an immune response comparable to leishmanization. LmCen−/− is safe since it is unable to cause disease in immunocompromised mice, induces robust host protection against vector sand fly challenge and because it is marker free, can be advanced to human vaccine trials.
Phasic dopamine reinforces distinct striatal stimulus encoding in the olfactory tubercle driving dopaminergic reward prediction
Authors: Oettl Lars-Lennart , Scheller Max , Filosa Carla , Wieland Sebastian , Haag Franziska , Loeb Cathrin , Durstewitz Daniel , Shusterman Roman , Russo Eleonora , Kelsch Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe learning of stimulus-outcome associations allows for predictions about the environment. Ventral striatum and dopaminergic midbrain neurons form a larger network for generating reward prediction signals from sensory cues. Yet, the network plasticity mechanisms to generate predictive signals in these distributed circuits have not been entirely clarified. Also, direct evidence of the underlying interregional assembly formation and information transfer is still missing. Here we show that phasic dopamine is sufficient to reinforce the distinctness of stimulus representations in the ventral striatum even in the absence of reward. Upon such reinforcement, striatal stimulus encoding gives rise to interregional assemblies that drive dopaminergic neurons during stimulus-outcome learning. These assemblies dynamically encode the predicted reward value of conditioned stimuli. Together, our data reveal that ventral striatal and midbrain reward networks form a reinforcing loop to generate reward prediction coding.
Androgens predispose males to monocyte-mediated immunopathology by inducing the expression of leukocyte recruitment factor CXCL1
Authors: Sellau Julie , Groneberg Marie , Fehling Helena , Thye Thorsten , Hoenow Stefan , Marggraff Claudia , Weskamm Marie , Hansen Charlotte , Stanelle-Bertram Stephanie , Kuehl Svenja , Noll Jill , Wolf Vincent , Metwally Nahla Galal , Hagen Sven Hendrik , Dorn Christoph , Wernecke Julia , Ittrich Harald , Tannich Egbert , Jacobs Thomas , Bruchhaus Iris , Altfeld Marcus , Lotter Hannelore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatic amebiasis, predominantly occurring in men, is a focal destruction of the liver due to the invading protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Classical monocytes as well as testosterone are identified to have important functions for the development of hepatic amebiasis in mice, but a link between testosterone and monocytes has not been identified. Here we show that testosterone treatment induces proinflammatory responses in human and mouse classical monocytes. When treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a strong androgen receptor ligand, human classical monocytes increase CXCL1 production in the presence of Entamoeba histolytica antigens. Moreover, plasma testosterone levels of individuals undergoing transgender procedure correlate positively with the TNF and CXCL1 secretion from their cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Finally, testosterone substitution of castrated male mice increases the frequency of TNF/CXCL1-producing classical monocytes during hepatic amebiasis, supporting the hypothesis that the effects of androgens may contribute to an increased risk of developing monocyte-mediated pathologies.
Nuclear moonlighting of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates Arabidopsis response to heat stress
Authors: Kim Sang-Chul , Guo Liang , Wang Xuemin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious stress conditions induce the nuclear translocation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), but its nuclear function in plant stress responses remains elusive. Here we show that GAPC interacts with a transcription factor to promote the expression of heat-inducible genes and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. GAPC accumulates in the nucleus under heat stress. Overexpression of GAPC enhances heat tolerance of seedlings and the expression of heat-inducible genes whereas knockout of GAPCs has opposite effects. Screening of Arabidopsis transcription factors identifies nuclear factor Y subunit C10 (NF-YC10) as a GAPC-binding protein. The effects of GAPC overexpression are abolished when NF-YC10 is deficient, the heat-induced nuclear accumulation of GAPC is suppressed, or the GAPC-NF-YC10 interaction is disrupted. GAPC overexpression also enhances the binding ability of NF-YC10 to its target promoter. The results reveal a cellular and molecular mechanism for the nuclear moonlighting of a glycolytic enzyme in plant response to environmental changes.
A general approach to engineer positive-going eFRET voltage indicators
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmed S. , Valenti Rosario , Zheng Jihong , Wong Allan ,   GENIE Project Team, Chuong Amy S. , Hasseman Jeremy P. , Jayaraman Vivek , Kolb Ilya , Korff Wyatt , Lavis Luke D. , Liang Yajie , Looger Loren L. , Merryweather Derek , Reep Daniel , Spruston Nelson , Svoboda Karel , Tsang Arthur , Tsegaye Getahun , Turner Glenn , Podgorski Kaspar , Koyama Minoru , Kim Douglas S. , Schreiter Eric R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImaging membrane voltage from genetically defined cells offers the unique ability to report spatial and temporal dynamics of electrical signaling at cellular and circuit levels. Here, we present a general approach to engineer electrochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (eFRET) genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with positive-going fluorescence response to membrane depolarization through rational manipulation of the native proton transport pathway in microbial rhodopsins. We transform the state-of-the-art eFRET GEVI Voltron into Positron, with kinetics and sensitivity equivalent to Voltron but flipped fluorescence signal polarity. We further apply this general approach to GEVIs containing different voltage sensitive rhodopsin domains and various fluorescent dye and fluorescent protein reporters.
Within-host microevolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae is rapid and adaptive during natural colonisation
Authors: Chaguza Chrispin , Senghore Madikay , Bojang Ebrima , Gladstone Rebecca A. , Lo Stephanie W. , Tientcheu Peggy-Estelle , Bancroft Rowan E. , Worwui Archibald , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer , Ceesay Fatima , Okoi Catherine , McGee Lesley , Klugman Keith P. , Breiman Robert F. , Barer Michael R. , Adegbola Richard A. , Antonio Martin , Bentley Stephen D. , Kwambana-Adams Brenda A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenomic evolution, transmission and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, an opportunistic human-adapted pathogen, is driven principally by nasopharyngeal carriage. However, little is known about genomic changes during natural colonisation. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to investigate within-host microevolution of naturally carried pneumococci in ninety-eight infants intensively sampled sequentially from birth until twelve months in a high-carriage African setting. We show that neutral evolution and nucleotide substitution rates up to forty-fold faster than observed over longer timescales in S. pneumoniae and other bacteria drives high within-host pneumococcal genetic diversity. Highly divergent co-existing strain variants emerge during colonisation episodes through real-time intra-host homologous recombination while the rest are co-transmitted or acquired independently during multiple colonisation episodes. Genic and intergenic parallel evolution occur particularly in antibiotic resistance, immune evasion and epithelial adhesion genes. Our findings suggest that within-host microevolution is rapid and adaptive during natural colonisation.