bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succeeding with prolonged usage of consumer-based activity trackers in clinical studies: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Henriksen André , Sand Anne-Sofie , Deraas Trygve , Grimsgaard Sameline , Hartvigsen Gunnar , Hopstock Laila 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Lack of physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for death and non-communicable disease. Despite this, more than one fourth of adults worldwide do not follow PA guidelines. As part of a feasibility study to test a complex intervention for increasing PA, we included a consumer-based activity tracker (AT) as a tool to measure PA outcomes and to track heart rate during exercise sessions. The aim of the present study was to identify factors that increase wear time when using a consumer-based AT for participant monitoring in clinical research. Methods: Sixteen participants aged 55-74 years, with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and elevated cardiovascular risk, were recruited to a 12-month feasibility study. Participants wore a Polar M430 AT to collect continuous PA data during a six-month intervention followed by six months of follow-up. We performed quantitative wear time analysis, tested the validity of the AT, and completed two rounds of qualitative interviews to investigate how individual wear-time was linked to participant responses. Results: From one year of tracking, mean number of valid wear days were 292 (SD=86), i.e. 80%. The Polar M430 provides acceptable measurements for total energy expenditure. Motivations for increased wear time were that participants were asked to wear it, and the ability to track PA progress. Perceived usefulness included time keeping, heart rate- and sleep tracking, becoming more conscious about day-to-day activity, and improved understanding of activity types effectiveness. Sources of AT annoyance were measurement inaccuracies and limited instruction for use. Suggestions for improvement were that the AT was big, unattractive, and too complicated to use.Conclusions: Adherence to wearing a consumer-based AT was high. Results indicate that it is feasible to use a consumer-based AT to measure PA over a longer period. Potential success factors for increased wear time includes adequate instruction for AT use, allowing participant to choose between different AT designs, and using trackers with accurate measurements. To identify accurate trackers, AT validation studies in the target cohort may be needed. Trial registration: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Clinical Trial registry: NCT03807323; Registered 16 September 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03807323
Inhibition of Notch pathway enhances the anti-tumor effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Zi Hao , Luo Yi , Liu Tongzu , Zheng Hang , Xie Conghua , Wang Xinghuan , Huang Xing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) likely participate in tumor progression and recurrence, and demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy. The Notch pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the stemness in PCSCs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Notch signaling inhibition as an adjuvant to docetaxel (DOX) in PCSCs.Methods: PCSCs derived from PC-3 cell line were examined for Notch-1 expression. The effect of Notch inhibition on response to DOX was evaluated in PCSCs in vitro and in murine models using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), PF-03084014. Impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and sphere formation were evaluated.Results: PC-3 PCSCs expressed elevated Notch-1 mRNA compared with PC-3 parental cells. The combination of GSI with DOX promoted DOX induced cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and sphere formation in PCSCs. In nude mice bearing PC-3 PCSCs-derived tumors, the combination of GSI and DOX reduced the tumor growth, which was associated with the decreased Notch-1 expression in tumor tissues.Conclusions: These results reveal that inhibition of Notch pathway enhances the anti-tumor effect of DOX in PC-3 PCSCs, and suggest that Notch inhibition may have clinical benefits in targeting PCSCs.
A comparison of Passive Surveillance and Active Cluster-Based Surveillance for Dengue Fever in southern coastal Ecuador
Authors: Vitale Melissa , Lupone Christina , Kenneson-Adams Aileen , Ochoa Robinson Jaramillo , Ordoñez Tania , Beltran-Ayala Efráin , Endy Timothy P. , Rosenbaum Paula F. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Dengue is a major emerging infectious disease, endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics, with approximately 2.5 billion people at risk globally. Active (AS) and passive surveillance (PS), when combined, can improve our understanding of dengue’s complex disease dynamics to guide effective, targeted public health interventions. The objective of this study was to compare findings from the Ministry of Health (MoH) PS to a prospective AS arbovirus research study in Machala, Ecuador in 2014 and 2015[P1] . Methods: Dengue cases in the PS system were compared to laboratory confirmed acute dengue illness cases that entered the AS study during the study period. Variables of interest included age, class, and sex. Outbreak detection curves by epidemiologic week, overall cumulative incidence and age-specific incidence proportions were calculated. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for all variables of interest. Chi-square tests were performed to compare demographic characteristics between the AS and PS data sets in 2014 and 2015. Results: 177 and 245 cases were identified from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2015 by PS and AS, respectively; nine cases appeared in both systems. AS identified a greater number of laboratory-confirmed cases in 2014, accounting for more than 60% of dengue cases in the study area. In 2015, the opposite trend was observed with PS identifying 60% of the dengue cases in the region. Peak transmission time, as noted by AS and PS was similar in 2014 whereas earlier detection was observed by AS in 2015.Younger patients were more frequently identified by PS, while older patients were identified more frequently by AS. The cumulative incidence proportion for laboratory confirmed dengue illness reported via PS to the MoH was 4.12 cases per 10,000 residents in 2014, and 2.21 cases per 10,000 residents in 2015.Conclusions: Each surveillance system captured distinct demographic subgroups within the Machala population, possibly due to differences in healthcare seeking behaviors, access to care, emerging threats of other viruses transmitted by the same mosquito vector and/or differences in clinical presentation. Integrating AS with pre-existing PS can aid in identifying additional cases in previously under diagnosed subpopulations, improving our understanding of disease dynamics, and facilitating the implementation of timely public health interventions.
Efficacy of serum miRNA test as a non-invasive method to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Xin Shengliang , Zhan Qiao , Chen Xiaofan , Xu Jinghang , Yu Yanyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
1. Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key turning point during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have shown that serum miRNA tests may be effective in the diagnosis of NAFLD. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the evidence for the diagnostic efficacy of serum miRNAs in patients with NAFLD and its subtype, NASH, in particular. 2. Methods: After a systematic review, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) were pooled to determine the efficacy of serum miRNA test for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Clinical utility was evaluated by Fagan’s nomogram and likelihood ratio scattergram. Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was detected by Deeks’ funnel plot. 3. Results: We included 27 trials containing 1775 NAFLD patients (including simple steatosis and NASH) and 586 NASH patients. For NAFLD vs NASH, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC were (0.71 vs. 0.74), (0.76 vs. 0.85) and (0.80 vs. 0.86), respectively. Serum miRNA had high accuracy for distinguishing NASH from simple steatosis, with an AUROC of 0.91. Among the most commonly studied serum miRNAs , miRNA-34a showed moderate diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD and the lowest heterogeneity (sensitivity I 2 = 5.73%, specificity I 2 = 33.16%, AUROC = 0.85). According to subgroup analysis and meta-regression, a lower BMI ( < 30 kg/m 2 ) might be a crucial source of heterogeneity. 4.Conclusions: As a novel non-invasive method, serum miRNA test exhibited robust diagnostic efficacy for NASH. Among these well-studied miRNAs, miRNA-34a was more available for diagnosis. Diagnosis of NAFLD by serum miRNA is more likely to be accurate in patients with BMI ≥ 30kg/m 2 .
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis induced in mice by active immunization with a peptide from amino-terminal domain of the GluN1 subunit
Authors: Ding Yuewen , Zhou Zheye , Chen Jinyu , Peng Yu , Wang Haitao , Qiu Wei , Xie Wei , Zhang Jun , wang honghao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently discovered autoimmune syndrome associated with psychosis, dyskinesia, and seizures. However, the underlying mechanisms of this disease remain unclear, in part because of a lack of suitable animal models. This study describes a novel mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis that was induced by active immunization against NMDARs using amino-terminal domain peptides. After 12 weeks of immunization, the mice showed significant behavioral disorders and memory loss. Furthermore, antibodies from the cerebrospinal fluid of immunized mice lowered the surface NMDAR cluster density in hippocampal neurons. Immunization also impaired long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses and reduced NMDAR-induced calcium influx. This novel mouse model may allow further research into the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and aid in the development of new therapies for this disease.
The underlying mechanism of partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries to the meniscus degeneration of knee joint in rabbit models
Authors: Wang Dalin , Wang Zhe , Li Mingcheng , Xu Songbao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partial rupture remains controversial. This research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of partial ACL injuries to the meniscus degeneration in the rabbit knee. Methods: Sixty New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups including an experimental group, a sham group (n=6) and and a blank control group (n=6). The experimental group is composed of an anteromedial bundle (AMB) rupture group (n=24), a posterolateral bundle (PLB) rupture group (n=24). Rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to right hind limbs knee surgery to induce ACL part injury under the arthroscopy. Finally, eight rabbits including 6 in the model group and 2 in the control group were sampled randomly on the second, fourth and eighth weeks respectively. We observed the typical form of the meniscus through HE staining. Expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-17 in the knee joint fluid were determined by means of an ELISA. Analysis of the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-13(MMP-13) was performed to evaluate the inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the meniscus. Results: HE staining results showed that the surface was rough and the tissues were loose displaying collagen fibers of varying thickness. Both IL-1β and IL-17 in the synovial fluid, and the positive rate of MMP-13 in addition to MMP-13 mRNA showed a demonstrable increase treads from the 2nd to the 8th week. The significant difference was found (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that the elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-17, along with increased MMP13 expression, resulted in meniscus degradation in the rabbit knee joint model with partial ACL injury.
Using CT texture analysis to differentiate between peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor
Authors: Liu Chenlu , Ma Changsheng , Duan Jinghao , Qiu Qingtao , Guo Yanluan , Zhang Zhenhua , Yin Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study is to distinguish peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor using CT-radiomics features extracted from PET/CT images. Methods: In this study, the standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) images of 21 patients with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (PIPT) and 21 patients with peripheral lung cancer were retrospectively collected. The dataset was used to extract CT-radiomics features from regions of interest (ROI), The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to screen the robust feature from all the radiomic features. Using, then, statistical methods to screen CT-radiomics features, which could distinguish peripheral lung cancer and PIPT. And the ability of radiomics features distinguished peripheral lung cancer and PIPT was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and compared by the Delong test. Results: A total of 435 radiomics features were extracted, of which 361 features showed relatively good repeatability (ICC³0.6). 20 features showed the ability to distinguish peripheral lung cancer from PIPT. these features were seen in 14 of 330 Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix features, 1 of 49 Intensity Histogram features, 5 of 18 Shape features. The area under the curves(AUC) of these features were 0.731 0.075, 0.717, 0.748 0.038, respectively. The P values of statistical differences among ROC were 0.0499 (F9, F20), 0.0472 (F10, F11) and 0.0145 (F11, Mean4). The discrimination ability of forming new features (Parent Features) after averaging the features extracted at different angles and distances was moderate compared to the previous features(Child features). Conclusion: Radiomics features extracted from non-contrast CT based on PET/CT images can help distinguish peripheral lung cancer and PIPT.
Patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks among parent-child dyads
Authors: Thomson Jessica , Hennessy Erin , Landry Alicia , Goodman Melissa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Children’s food preference and intake patterns are affected by parental child feeding practices. The objective of this study was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks (JS) and to investigate their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in a large cohort of parents and their children (12-17 years). Methods: Dyadic survey data from the cross-sectional, internet-based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study, conducted in 2014, were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify patterns of use for six JS parenting practices – negative emotions, restriction, monitoring, availability, modeling, and child involvement – based on both parent and child report. Model covariates included self-reported parent sex, body mass index, added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority; and self-reported child age, sex, body mass index percentile, added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority. Results: Based on 1,657 parent-child dyads, five latent classes were identified – Complete Influencers (28%), Indifferent Influencers (21%), Negative Influencers (20%), Minimal Influencers (18%), and Disagreeing Influencers (13%). Compared to older child dyads, younger child dyads had 79% and 63% lower odds of belonging to Indifferent and Minimal Influencers versus Complete Influencers. Odds of belonging to Indifferent and Negative Influencers were 4% and 5% higher for every teaspoon increase in parent added sugars intake while odds for Minimal Influencers were 6% lower for every teaspoon increase in child added sugars intake versus Complete Influencers. Dyads with low compared to high parental and child agreement with legitimacy of parental authority regarding JS had between 2 and 26 times the odds of belonging to one of the other classes versus Complete Influencers. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of feeding practices related to JS ranging from use of many practices, use of some practices, to low use of any practice, with differential associations with parent and child intakes of added sugars. Counseling or intervening with parents to use a mix of structure practices to positively influence their child’s and possibly their own intake of sugary snacks and drinks may prove more efficacious than use of coercive control practices.
Anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin treatment in coronary artery ectasia patients in different age groups
Authors: Fan Chenghui , Hao Ying , Liu Yonghua , Li Xiaolin , Huang Zhenhao , Luo Yu , Li Ruilin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an angiographic finding of abnormal coronary dilatation. The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis is becoming increasingly well known. This study investigated the relationship between CAE and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to test our hypothesis that patient age is associated with the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy for CAE. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 217 patients with CAE treated at the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital (Ji'an Campus), and Cardiovascular Medicine of Baoshan People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 2015 to July 30, 2019. Baseline data of patients, including sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, were collected from patient medical records. Study participants were grouped by age as follows: CAE-A (age ≤50 years), CAE-B (50 years <age ≤70 years), and CAE-C (age >70). Additionally, there was a normal control (NC) group with normal coronary arteries.Results: All patients received oral rosuvastatin therapy (10 mg, QN quaque nocte) when they were diagnosed with CAE and maintained good follow-up, with a loss rate of 0.0% at the 6-month follow-up. The NC group (n = 73, with normal coronary arteries) received regular symptom-relieving treatments and rosuvastatin therapy. Among these four groups, the inflammatory markers were significantly higher in patients with CAE than in the NCs (p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that Hs-CRP (OR=1.782, 95% CI: 1.124-2.014, P=0.021) and IL-6 (OR=1.584, 95% CI: 1.112-1.986, P=0.030) were independent predictors of CAE. The inflammatory markers in the CAE-A group were higher than those in the CAE-B group, which were higher than those in the CAE-C group. Follow-up after 6 months of rosuvastatin therapy showed a significantly greater reduction in Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the CAE-A group than in the CAE-B group, which, again, were higher than those in the CAE-C group. Conclusions: Anti-inflammatory therapy using rosuvastatin was more effective in younger CAE patients, indicating the need for early statin therapy in CAE patients.
Lay perspectives on social distancing and other official recommendations and regulations in the time of COVID-19: a qualitative study of social media posts
Authors: Ölcer Sabahat , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caused by a new form of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in China end of 2019 and quickly spread to all counties of the world. To slow down the spread of the virus and to limit the pressure on the health care systems, different regulations and recommendations have been implemented by authorities, comprising amongst others the closure of all entertainment venues and social distancing. These measures have received mixed reactions, particularly from young individuals, with many not following available advice. Drawing on the information in social media discussion forums, the present study explores the reasons why people ignore the orders and recommendations of the authorities and why the authorities are unable to produce a shared sense of inclusion concerning protective measures against the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Three open-access social media forums (Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube comments) were systematically searched with respect to COVID-19-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of individuals. The data was retrieved in the first three weeks of March 2020. Qualitative document analysis and qualitative content analysis were used as the methodical approach. The data was reviewed by all authors and jointly interpreted to minimise inconsistencies.Results: The study reveals that reasons such as information pollution on social media, the persistence of uncertainty about the rapidly spreading virus, the impact of the social environment on the individual, and fear of unemployment associated with inequality in the distribution of income lead people to ignore the orders and recommendations of the authorities. The findings suggest that government representatives and politicians could not produce a shared sense of inclusion concerning protective measures against the COVID-19 outbreak, due to not building trust among the public and taking concrete economic steps to satisfy them.Conclusion: In uncertain crises, transparency in the presentation of information and government policies emerge as influential determinants in creating social susceptibility and solidarity. The differences between social classes constitute one of the important factors that affect the decision-making mechanisms of individuals in determining the necessary steps to be undertaken in times of crisis.
Rubidium chloride modulated the intestinal microbiota community in mice
Authors: Chen Qian , He Zhiguo , Zhuo Yuting , Li Shuzhen , Yang Wenjing , Hu Liang , Zhong Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study for depression and cancers, the interaction between intestinal microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and intestinal microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated of their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.
Results
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of feces showed RbCl generally maintained the microbial community diversity, while the shifts in gut microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure for the first time. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio. While, RbCl significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. Besides, with regarding to the composition of archaea, RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Crenarchaeota, Thermoprotei, Sulfolobales, Sulfolobaceae and Sulfolobus lineages.
Conclusions
These results revealed that enrichments of Clostridium XlVa, Alistipes and sulfate-reducing bacteria could act on brain-gut-microbiota axis by affecting serotonergic system and immune system. Therefore, it was likely that RbCl would have beneficial anti-effects on depression and cancers by modifying brain-gut-microbiota axis.