bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of restriction in output current by reactant flow in redox flow battery for compensating load variations
Authors: Mannari Toko , Okuda Takafumi , Hikihara Takashi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryRedox flow batteries (RFBs) connected to the power grid can absorb load variations which appear in several time scales. An RFB consists of a cell stack as the chemical reaction element and tanks as the storage element. Electrolytes are pumped and circulated between them. The cell stack can supply power as long as reactants are supplied to the stack. The slow velocity of the reactant flow to the cells restricts the output current, and the RFB can not supply the requested power under the current restriction. The reactant flow should be considered for confirming whether the RFB can supply the requested power at load variations. This paper proposes the method to predict the current restriction by the reactant flow through simulations. The method is based on a chemical reaction model. The model enables us to simulate the time evolution of the reactant concentration, which governs the electrical behavior and the reactant flow of the RFB. The current available from the reactant flow is introduced to estimate the current restriction by the slow velocity of the reactant flow. The proposed method predicts well the current restriction of the prototype RFB, which is integrated into a 300‐A class discharging circuit.
High‐dose post‐transplant cyclophosphamide impairs γδ T‐cell reconstitution after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation using low‐dose antithymocyte globulin and peripheral blood stem cell graft
Authors: Stocker Nicolas , Gaugler Béatrice , Labopin Myriam , Farge Agathe , Ye Yishan , Ricard Laure , Brissot Eolia , Duléry Remy , Sestili Simona , Battipaglia Giorgia , Médiavilla Clémence , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Banet Anne , Van De Wyngaert Zoe , Ledraa Tounes , Mohty Mohamad , Malard Florent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesHaploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation (Haplo‐HCT) using peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is being increasingly used; however, data on immunological reconstitution (IR) are still scarce.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated T‐cell immunological reconstitution in 106 adult patients who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for haematologic malignancies between 2013 and 2016.ResultsAt D30, while conventional T cells reached similar median counts in Haplo‐HCT recipients (n = 19) and controls (n = 87), γδ and Vδ2+ T‐cell median counts were significantly lower in Haplo‐HCT recipients and it persists at least until D360 for Vδ2+ T cells. PTCy induces a significant reduction in early γδ and Vδ2+ T‐cell proliferation at D 7. At one year, the rate of increase in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viral load was significantly higher in Haplo‐HCT recipients as compared to controls (61% versus 34%, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, a higher γδ T‐cell count (> 4.63 μL−1) at D30 was the only independent parameter significantly associated with a reduced risk of increase in EBV viral load (RR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15–0.76, P = 0.009).ConclusionImmunological reconstitution of γδ T cells is significantly delayed after Haplo‐HCT using PTCy and low‐dose ATG and is associated with an increased risk of increase in EBV viral load.
Paths to the first‐time diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Taiwan
Authors: Tu Chao‐Ying , Tseng Mei‐Chih Meg , Chang Yuan‐Ting 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the characteristics of psychiatrists and the hospital settings in relation to the first‐time diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and depict medical utilization and the detection rate before diagnosis of patients with AN and BN.MethodWe extracted data of individuals with AN or BN, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, from a national health insurance database. Individuals with AN (n = 1,893) or BN (n = 10,542) who were first‐time diagnosed by psychiatrists from 2002 to 2013 were included. Individuals with schizophrenia were selected as control groups that were matched with the incident AN and BN cases for sex, age stratum, and year of diagnosis.ResultsAN was more likely to be diagnosed by female psychiatrists. Patients with AN were more frequently diagnosed in medical centers while patients with BN were mostly diagnosed in primary care clinics. Nearly all patients with AN and BN had sought treatment for physical problems but less than half had sought help for mental health problems in the year preceding the diagnosis. Individuals with AN, BN, and schizophrenia were all under‐detected by nonpsychiatric medical professionals. Notably, BN was least likely to be recognized by both psychiatrists and other medical professionals.DiscussionOur findings underscore the importance of educational programs that are designed to improve the detection and management of eating disorders by medical professionals in Taiwan. Advanced educational programs that target differential diagnosis and the tailored management of different eating disorders should be highlighted among psychiatrists.
Repeatable individual variation in migration timing in two anadromous salmonids and ecological consequences
Authors: Jensen Arne Johan , Finstad Bengt , Fiske Peder , Diserud Ola H. , Thorstad Eva B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsistent individual differences in behavior have been demonstrated for many animals, but there are few studies of consequences of such repeated behavior in the wild. We tested consistency in migration timing to and from the sea among anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), using data from a study period of about 25 years, including more than 27,000 uniquely Carlin‐tagged individuals that migrated to sea for feeding in the spring and returned to the river in late summer for up to 13 successive years. Consistency was found between individuals across time in timing of the seaward migration. Individuals migrating early during their first migration tended to migrate early the following years, and late migrants tended to migrate late. The same pattern was found also at ascent to freshwater. Hence, this study demonstrated that individual fish in nature can differ in behavior related to migration timing and that these differences can be consistent during their lifetime. Early migrants increased their mass more than late migrants and had a higher specific growth rate. Early migrating Arctic char, but not brown trout, experienced a longer life after the first migration to sea than late migrants. In both species, maturity occurred earlier in individuals that migrated early. For brown trout, but not for Arctic char, fecundity was significantly correlated to the timing of smolt migration. Hence, the repeatable individual variation in migration timing seemed to have ecological and fitness consequences in terms of growth, longevity, timing of maturity, and lifetime fecundity.
Relative influence of wild prey and livestock abundance on carnivore‐caused livestock predation
Authors: Khanal Gopal , Mishra Charudutt , Ramesh Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConservation conflict over livestock depredation is one of the key drivers of large mammalian carnivore declines worldwide. Mitigating this conflict requires strategies informed by reliable knowledge of factors influencing livestock depredation. Wild prey and livestock abundance are critical factors influencing the extent of livestock depredation. We compared whether the extent of livestock predation by snow leopards Panthera uncia differed in relation to densities of wild prey, livestock, and snow leopards at two sites in Shey Phoksundo National Park, Nepal. We used camera trap‐based spatially explicit capture–recapture models to estimate snow leopard density; double‐observer surveys to estimate the density of their main prey species, the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur; and interview‐based household surveys to estimate livestock population and number of livestock killed by snow leopards. The proportion of livestock lost per household was seven times higher in Upper Dolpa, the site which had higher snow leopard density (2.51 snow leopards per 100 km2) and higher livestock density (17.21 livestock per km2) compared to Lower Dolpa (1.21 snow leopards per 100 km2; 4.5 livestock per km2). The wild prey density was similar across the two sites (1.81 and 1.57 animals per km2 in Upper and Lower Dolpa, respectively). Our results suggest that livestock depredation level may largely be determined by the abundances of the snow leopards and livestock and predation levels on livestock can vary even at similar levels of wild prey density. In large parts of the snow leopard range, livestock production is indispensable to local livelihoods and livestock population is expected to increase to meet the demand of cashmere. Hence, we recommend that any efforts to increase livestock populations or conservation initiatives aimed at recovering or increasing snow leopard population be accompanied by better herding practices (e.g., predator‐proof corrals) to protect livestock from snow leopard.
Feral populations of Brassica oleracea along Atlantic coasts in western Europe
Authors: Mittell Elizabeth A. , Cobbold Christina A. , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Kilbride Elizabeth A. , Moore Karen A. , Mable Barbara K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere has been growing emphasis on the role that crop wild relatives might play in supporting highly selected agriculturally valuable species in the face of climate change. In species that were domesticated many thousands of years ago, distinguishing wild populations from escaped feral forms can be challenging, but reintroducing variation from either source could supplement current cultivated forms. For economically important cabbages (Brassicaceae: Brassica oleracea), “wild” populations occur throughout Europe but little is known about their genetic variation or potential as resources for breeding more resilient crop varieties. The main aim of this study was to characterize the population structure of geographically isolated wild cabbage populations along the coasts of the UK and Spain, including the Atlantic range edges. Double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing was used to sample individual cabbage genomes, assess the similarity of plants from 20 populations, and explore environment–genotype associations across varying climatic conditions. Interestingly, there were no indications of isolation by distance; several geographically close populations were genetically more distinct from each other than to distant populations. Furthermore, several distant populations shared genetic ancestry, which could indicate that they were established by escapees of similar source cultivars. However, there were signals of local adaptation to different environments, including a possible relationship between genetic diversity and soil pH. Overall, these results highlight wild cabbages in the Atlantic region as an important genetic resource worthy of further research into their relationship with existing crop varieties.
Public values and goals for public participation
Authors: Bidwell David , Schweizer Pia‐Johanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past half century, it has become commonplace for environmental managers and policy makers to engage the public in decision making, a set of diverse activities known collectively as public participation. Despite widespread support for public participation, there is no explicit consensus on the purpose of this practice. In this study, we developed and tested a first‐of‐its‐kind quantitative measure of public participation goals among a sample of the U.S. public. Survey data indicate a classification of four participation goals' orientations: functionalist‐deliberative, instrumental, emancipatory, and coercive. A subsequent survey with a separate sample of the public explored the antecedents and consequences of these goal orientations. Regression analyses reveal that four common dimensions of the Schwartz Value Survey (altruism, egoism, traditionalism, and openness to change) are significant predictors of these goal orientations. For example, altruistic values predict adherence to emancipatory participation goals, while egoism (i.e., self‐interest) is associated with a coercive goal orientation. In turn, preferences for public participation goals are predictors of respondents' levels of satisfaction with two common public participation techniques, public hearings and public advisory boards. Instrumental participation goals are associated with greater satisfaction with public hearings, but a functionalist‐deliberative goals' orientation predicts satisfaction with advisory boards. This study has implications for the effective design and implementation of public participation programs and indicates a need for greater study of public participation goals among practitioners and participants.
National trends in heart failure mortality in men and women, United Kingdom, 2000–2017
Authors: Taylor Clare J. , Ordóñez‐Mena José M. , Jones Nicholas R. , Roalfe Andrea K. , Lay‐Flurrie Sarah , Marshall Tom , Hobbs F.D. Richard 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo understand gender differences in the prognosis of women and men with heart failure, we compared mortality, cause of death and survival trends over time.Methods and resultsWe analysed UK primary care data for 26 725 women and 29 234 men over age 45 years with a new diagnosis of heart failure between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics and the Office for National Statistics death registry. Age‐specific overall survival and cause‐specific mortality rates were calculated by gender and year. During the study period 15 084 women and 15 822 men with heart failure died. Women were on average 5 years older at diagnosis (79.6 vs. 74.8 years). Median survival was lower in women compared to men (3.99 vs. 4.47 years), but women had a 14% age‐adjusted lower risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.88]. Heart failure was equally likely to be cause of death in women and men (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.96–1.12). There were modest improvements in survival for both genders, but these were greater in men. The reduction in mortality risk in women was greatest for those diagnosed in the community (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.85).ConclusionsWomen are diagnosed with heart failure older than men but have a better age‐adjusted prognosis. Survival gains were less in women over the last two decades. Addressing gender differences in heart failure diagnostic and treatment pathways should be a clinical and research priority.
Applicability of the EN 1785 Method for Detection of Paprika Irradiated with E‐Beam
Authors: Roca María J. , Andreo‐Martínez Pedro , García‐Martínez Nuria , Almela Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectron beam (β‐rays) bombardment of spice is a feasible method of microbial sanitation in food products. Paprika spice has a high bioburden and it must be treated in order to reduce it, as well as to guarantee the absence of pathogenic bacteria. However, apart from killing vegetative microorganisms, β‐rays also cause changes in chemical components. This being the case, detecting metabolites generated by ionizing radiation is a viable way to detect whether or not a food has been irradiated. Among these methods, the detection of 2‐alkylcyclobutanones (2‐ACBs) has been proposed by the European Committee for Standardization, using method EN 1785. Detailed research on the production of 2‐ACBs in irradiated paprika has not been published previously, but the present study detects 2‐dodecilcyclobutanone and 2‐tetradecylcyclobutanone in irradiated paprika. Evidence of a third metabolite, cis‐2‐tetradec‐5′‐enylcyclobutanone, derived from oleic acid, cannot be confirmed. However, the detection of 2‐ACBs can only be used as a qualitative marker of paprika irradiation because its concentration does not agree with that of its parent fatty acids, or with the doses of irradiation applied.Practical Applications: Directive1999/3/EEC contains a list of foods and food ingredients that can be treated with ionizing radiation, where paprika is included as a spice. In this sense, 2‐ACBs can be formed from free or esterified fatty acids contained in paprika when it is treated with β‐rays. Those 2‐ACBs can be detected using the EN 1785:2003 method. Therefore, this study for the first‐time demonstrates that the EN 1785:2003 is feasible method to detect if paprika has been irradiated.
Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Methyl Parathion at Activated Carbon Nanopowder Modified Electrode
Authors: Stoytcheva Margarita , Zlatev Roumen , Velkova Zdravka , Gochev Velizar , Montero Gisela , Valdez Benjamín , Curiel Mario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn activated carbon nanopowder modified glassy carbon electrode (AC‐GCE) was constructed for the sensitive determination of methyl parathion by adsorptive differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The simple and rapid modification procedure included only drop‐coating the electrode surface with a laponite stabilized activated carbon nanopowder suspension and drying. The modifier high adsorption ability, combined with its large electroactive surface area allowed a 30‐fold signal increase to be achieved, compared to bare GCE. Under optimized experimental conditions (activated carbon to laponite ratio, pH and accumulation time), the AC‐GCE exhibited a linear response to methyl parathion in two concentration ranges: from 0.01 μmol L−1 to 1 μmol L−1 and from 1 μmol L−1 to 6 μmol L−1. The LOD of 2.5 nmol L−1 (S/N=3) achieved fitted with regulatory norms. It was demonstrated that the as‐prepared AC‐GCE is suitable for routine real samples analysis.
Electrochemistry of Os Bipyridyl and Phenanthroline Complexes, Comparison with Ru and Fe
Authors: van der Westhuizen Deidré , Conradie Jeanet , von Eschwege Karel G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsmium(II) polypyridyl complexes may be useful in H2O and CO2 photo‐catalytic reduction and dye‐sensitized solar cell research. Altering substituents on the polypyridyl ligands allows for spectral and electronic tuning of the osmium(II) polypyridyl complexes. The cyclic voltammograms and UV‐visible spectra of a series of electronically altered bipyridine and phenanthroline osmium(II) complexes are presented. OsII/III experimental oxidation potentials correlate linearly (R2=0.99) with density functional theory (DFT) implicit solvent model computed ionization potentials and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies. The hereby obtained linear relationship provides a theoretical computational tool that may be used for the predetermination of redox potentials of related osmium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Comparison between similar correlations for elements in the same group, namely Fe, Ru and Os, revealed remarkably similar patterns. Of the three, OsII bipyridyl is most readily oxidized (0.452 V), followed by FeII (0.682 V) and then RuII (0.883 V). Spectra of the OsII complexes where λmax values range from 392 to 442 nm, were closely simulated by time‐dependant DFT computed electronic oscillators. Osmium(II) polypyridyl complex absorbances span almost the entire visible spectrum.
Manipulation of pore structure during manufacture of agarose microspheres for bioseparation
Authors: Zhao Lan , Huang Yongdong , Zhu Kai , Miao Zhuang , Zhao Jiazhang , Che Xiang Jing , Hao Dongxia , Zhang Rongyue , Ma Guanghui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgarose microspheres with a controllable pore structure were manufactured by varying agarose types and crosslinking degrees. Various agarose could tailor the gel formation of microspheres matrix and thus affect the final pore structures. Small pores in microspheres could be fabricated by agarose with a higher molecular weight, which was demonstrated by the packed column with lower distribution coefficient (Kav) values measured by gel filtration chromatography. Further, higher Kav values also demonstrated that more and larger pores were formed with increasing the crosslinking degree of agarose microspheres. Either using agarose with a high molecular weight or increasing the crosslinking degree would finally lead to the enhancement of the flow rate during flow performance of packed column as necessary for improving separation efficiency. This provides a foundation for high‐resolution chromatography with a controllable separation range as beneficial for downstream process.
Secrecy analysis of multiple‐input multiple‐output underlay cognitive radio networks with energy harvesting
Authors: Thakur Anshu , Kumar Ashok , Gupta Nitin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cognitive radio (CR) technique is an encouraging approach to deal with spectrum scarcity in wireless networks. However, this technique raises the issues of secrecy and privacy in the CR network. In this work, a multiple‐input multiple‐output underlay CR network is considered, which consists of a primary network, a secondary network, and an eavesdropper. All the primary, secondary as well aseavesdropper's nodes are assumed to have multiple antennas with radio frequency energy harvesters to enhance their spectral and energy efficiency properties. The eavesdropper node manipulates it's simultaneous wireless information and power transfer architecture in a pursuit to intercept the secure communication between the cognitive transmitter and the cognitive receiver. This technique and considered network are combined with the traditional selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme and the results are compared. The Monte Carlo simulation is done for the validation of results. The main aim is to drive the closed‐form analytical expression for exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability. The present results show that the SC scheme at eavesdropper provides better secrecy in comparison to the MRC technique and also the number of antennas affects the secrecy of the system. Moreover, the impact of power splitter is considered and also the optimal value of power splitter is derived to maximize information decoding.
Studies on the odorant concentrations and their time dependencies during dry‐hopping of alcohol‐free beer
Authors: Brendel Sabrina , Hofmann Thomas , Granvogl Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth the market for alcohol‐free beer and the number of craft beer breweries increased in the past years. Thus, dry‐hopping as a possibility to compensate/mask aroma deficiencies of alcohol‐free beers is gaining more and more interest. To better understand the transfer of odorants from hops into alcohol‐free beer during dry‐hopping, their concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 days in a laboratory‐scale experiment simulating the dry‐hopping process. Thereby, a main transfer occurred during the first 2‐3 days. However, the relevance of the transferred odorants to the overall aroma can only be evaluated by taking their sensory properties into consideration. Therefore, orthonasal odour thresholds and sensorial dose‐response relationships were investigated in an alcohol‐free beer matrix. Sensory tests showed a nearly linear increase in the odour intensities of different esters, whereas further typical hop odorants, such as linalool, geraniol, and myrcene, showed a multistage increase. Overall, the present study clearly corroborated that dry‐hopping of alcohol‐free beers can be optimised regarding the hop dosage and the contact time, depending on the desired flavour of the final product.