bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary fibers and prebiotics in adiposity regulation via modulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Rivera-Piza Adriana , Lee Sung-Joon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe microbiota is indispensable for human health and the regulation of various body functions, including energy metabolism. The harmonic crosstalk between the microbiota and the intestinal epithelial barrier determines gut homeostasis and health status in the healthy subject. Obesity and type 2 diabetes risk are, to some extent, explained by alterations in the microbiota. Since recent data indicate that the population of gut microorganisms can influence nutrient absorption and energy storage thus prevalence on obesity and metabolic disorders. Moreover, metabolic disease conditions, such as obesity, may be stimulated by genetic, environmental factors and by pathways that link metabolism with the immune system. On the basis of the above considerations, this review compiles the current results obtained in recent studies indicating the gut microbiota contribution to obesity development.
Application of Frictional Bond-Slip Model to Large-Scale FRP-Strengthened T-Beams with U-wraps
Authors: Lee Jaeha , Lopez Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies on U-wraps generally focus on the experimental results and mechanisms of the shear strengthening effect. Only a few studies have focused on the anchoring effect of the longitudinal FRP due to addition of the U-wrap. Lee and Lopez (Constr Build Mater 194:226–237, 2016) have found experimentally from pull-out tests that incremental changes occur in the debonding strain at the concrete-FRP interface depending on the various type of U-wraps. The proposed numerical method using the Frictional Bond-Slip (FBS) model has been validated by comparing the pull-out test results (Lee and Lopez Constr Build Mater 194:226–237, 2016). In the present study, the FBS model was applied to characterize the behavior of a large scale FRP strengthened T-beam with multiple U-wraps. First, the 2-dimensional (2D) model for pull-out test was developed. Debonding load and behavior of the model were compared with both the experimental results (Lee and Lopez Constr Build Mater 194:226–237, 2016) and the simulation results of a 3-dimensional (3D) model from a previous study (Lee and Lopez Constr Build Mater 194:226–237, 2016). Next, the 2D model was applied to model the behavior of a large scale FRP strengthened T-beam with multiple U-wraps. The conducted 2D simulation using the proposed FBS model predicted well the strains at various locations on the FRP sheet, the flexural capacity and complex failure mode of the FRP strengthened beam with several U-wraps. The proposed FBS model was also applied to other comparable studies, and debonding strains were successfully predicted within an margin of error of 7%. Using the validated model, a parametric study of the FRP strengthened T-beam was conducted with various key parameters of the U-wrap, such as the angle of U-wrap and the number of U-wrap.
A combined framework for the life cycle assessment and costing of food waste prevention and valorization: an application to school canteens
Authors: De Menna Fabio , Davis Jennifer , Östergren Karin , Unger Nicole , Loubiere Marion , Vittuari Matteo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAbout one third of global edible food is lost or wasted along the supply chain, causing the wastage of embedded natural and economic resources. Life cycle methodologies can be applied to identify sustainable and viable prevention and valorization routes needed to prevent such inefficiencies. However, no systemic approach has been developed so far to guide practitioners and stakeholders. Specifically, the goal and scoping phase (e.g. problem assessed or system function) can be characterized by a large flexibility, and the comparability between food waste scenarios could be not ensured. Within the Horizon2020 project Resource Efficient Food and dRink for the Entire Supply cHain, this study aimed to provide practitioners with guidance on how to combine life cycle assessment and environmental life cycle costing in the context of food waste. Recent literature was reviewed to identify relevant methodological aspects, possible commonly adopted approaches, main differences among studies and standards and protocols, main challenges, and knowledge gaps. Basing on this review, an analytical framework with a set of recommendations was developed encompassing different assessment situations. The framework intends to provide a step by step guidance for food waste practitioners, and it is composed of a preliminary section on study purpose definition, three decision trees—respectively on assessment situation(s), costing approach, and type of study (footprint vs. intervention)—and two sets of recommendations. Recommendations can be applied to all levels of the food waste hierarchy, stating a generic order of preference for handling food chain side flows. This consistent and integrated life cycle approach should ensure a better understanding of the impact of specific interventions, thus supporting informed private and public decision making and promoting the design of sustainable and cost-efficient interventions and a more efficient food supply chains.
“Free won’t” after a beer or two: chronic and acute effects of alcohol on neural and behavioral indices of intentional inhibition
Authors: Liu Yang , van den Wildenberg Wery P. M. , González Gorka Fraga , Rigoni Davide , Brass Marcel , Wiers Reinout W. , Ridderinkhof K. Richard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Response inhibition can be classified into stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition based on the degree of endogenous volition involved. In the past decades, abundant research efforts to study the effects of alcohol on inhibition have focused exclusively on stimulus-driven inhibition. The novel Chasing Memo task measures stimulus-driven and intentional inhibition within the same paradigm. Combined with the stop-signal task, we investigated how alcohol use affects behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of intentional inhibition, as well as stimulus-driven inhibition.

Methods
Experiment I focused on intentional inhibition and stimulus-driven inhibition in relation to past-year alcohol use. The Chasing Memo task, the stop-signal task, and questionnaires related to substance use and impulsivity were administered to 60 undergraduate students (18–25 years old). Experiment II focused on behavioral and neural correlates acute alcohol use on performance on the Chasing Memo task by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Sixteen young male adults (21–28 years old) performed the Chasing Memo task once under placebo and once under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol concentration around 0.05%), while EEG was recorded.

Results
In experiment I, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) total score did not significantly predict stimulus-driven inhibition or intentional inhibition performance. In experiment II, the placebo condition and the alcohol condition were comparable in terms of behavioral indices of stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition as well as task-related EEG patterns. Interestingly, a slow negative readiness potential (RP) was observed with an onset of about 1.2 s, exclusively before participants stopped intentionally.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that both past-year increases in risky alcohol consumption and moderate acute alcohol use have limited effects on stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition. These conclusions cannot be generalized to alcohol use disorder and high intoxication levels. The RP might reflect processes involved in the formation of an intention in general.
Millettia pinnata: a study on the extraction of fibers and reinforced composites
Authors: Mohankumara P. B. , Thakare Shraddha Prashant , Guna Vijaykumar , Arpitha G. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, the potential for usingMillettia pinnatastalk for extracting cellulosic natural fibers and its subsequent use in reinforced composites was studied. The extracted fibers were characterized for its composition, mechanical, thermal stability and morphological properties. Compositional analysis showed that the fibers possessed 54% cellulose, 12% hemicellulose, 15% lignin and 11% ash. The tensile strength of the fiber was 310 MPa, which is comparable to cotton and linen. The tensile strength of theM. pinnatafiber-reinforced polypropylene composites was 17.96 MPa which was similar to other natural fiber-based composites.M. pinnatafibers appear promising for a wide range of applications including textiles and other typical composites applications.
Cornea modelling
Authors: Pandolfi Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiomechanics introduces numerous technologies to support clinical practice in ophthalmology, with the goal of improving surgical outcomes and to develop new advanced technologies with minimum impact on clinical training. Unfortunately, a few misconceptions on the way that computational methods should be applied to living tissues contributes to a lack of confidence towards computer-based approaches.MethodsCorneal biomechanics relies on sound theories of mechanics, including concepts of equilibrium, geometrical measurements, and complex material behaviors. The peculiarities of biological tissues require the consideration of multi-physics, typical of the eye environment, and to adopt customized geometrical models constructed on the basis of advanced optical imaging and in-vivo testing.ResultsPatient-specific models are able to predict the outcomes of refractive surgery and to exploit the results of in-vivo test to characterize the material properties of the corneal tissue.ConclusionsCorneal biomechanics can become an important support to clinical practice, provided that methods are based on the actual multi-physics and use customized geometrical and mechanical models.
Breakfast consumption habits of Australian men participating in the “Typical Aussie Bloke” study
Authors: Quatela Angelica , Patterson Amanda , Callister Robin , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Breakfast is often regarded as “the most important meal of the day” but there is limited reporting of the foods/beverages currently constituting a typical breakfast. This study investigated current breakfast habits of Australian men.

Methods
Men aged 18-44y were recruited from metropolitan and regional NSW Australia and completed an online survey investigating breakfast consumption habits and other lifestyle parameters including demographic characteristics and waking habits.

Results
112 men participated. Most (83.5%) ate breakfast ≥5 times/week and consumed this meal before 8 am (84.0%). Breakfast for habitual breakfast eaters consisted of one or more of the following foods or beverages eaten ≥5 times/week: breakfast cereal (50.0%), milk for cereal (51.1%), fruit (28.7%), toast (13.8%), spreads (11.7%), yogurt (12.8%), and/or coffee (40.4%). Breakfast may also include the following foods 1–4 times/week: eggs (58.5%), bacon (30.9%), juice (19.1%), and/or tea (17.0%).

Conclusion
A majority of Australian men younger than 45 years old were found to eat breakfast most days of the week. Cereal, milk and fruit were the most common foods consumed for breakfast. Breakfast is considered to be an important meal among health professionals and we found a majority of Australian men do eat breakfast regularly. Approximately half of the young men in the study reported consuming cereal and milk for breakfast most of the time, a breakfast option that is linked to higher daily wholegrain, fibre and micro-nutrient intakes.
Novel indoor positioning system based on ultra-wide bandwidth
Authors: Wei Zhen , Jiang Rui , Wei Xing , Cheng Yun-An , Cheng Lei , Wang Cai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo tackle challenges such as interference and poor accuracy of indoor positioning systems, a novel scheme based on ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) technology is proposed. First, we illustrate a distance measuring method between two UWB devices. Then, a Taylor series expansion algorithm is developed to detect coordinates of the mobile node using the location of anchor nodes and the distance between them. Simulation results show that the observation error under our strategy is within 15 cm, which is superior to existing algorithms. The final experimental data in the hardware system mainly composed of STM32 and DW1000 also confirms the performance of the proposed scheme.
Testes para avaliação das previsões de value-at-risk e expected shortfall
Authors: Lincovil Jaime Enrique , Chiann Chang 
Published: January 2020

A avaliação das previsões de medidas de risco, como o Value-at-Risk (VaR) e o Expected Shortfall (ES), é uma atividade muito relevante para as instituições financeiras. Os testes que realizam esta avaliação foram introduzidos com o objetivo de verificar a efiiência destas previsões. Neste trabalho comparamos o poder empírico de novas classes de testes de avaliação presentes na literatura. Além disso, utilizamos estes procedimentos para avaliar a efiiência das previsôes geradas pelo método de simulação histórica e baseados na distribuição generalizada de Pareto. Para avaliar previsões de VaR, a classe de testes Geométrico-VaR destacou-se por ter um poder empírico maior que os outros testes nos cenários simulados. Isto evidencia as vantagens de trabalhar com durações discretas e incluir covariáveis nos modelos de testes. Para avaliar previsões de ES, aqueles baseados em distribuições condicionais do retorno ao VaR mostraram um alto poder para grandes tamanhos amostrais. Adicionalmente, mostramos que o método baseado na distribuição generalizada de Pareto utilizando durações e covariáveis resulta em ótimo desempenho nas previsões de VaR e ES.
A extensão do poder constituinte estadual no STF: a jurisprudência da Corte no período militar (1964-85)
Authors: Nunes Alynne Nayara Ferreira , Schlobach Rafael Viotti 
Published: January 2020

The extent of states’ constitution-making power according to the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court: case-law during the military regime (1964-85) O presente artigo objetiva examinar a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) acerca dos limites ao poder constituinte estadual, durante o período autoritário e centralizador do regime militar (1964-85). Em seguida, pretendemos comparar os resultados com a jurisprudência atual, sob a vigência da Constituição Federal de 1988, que atribuiu maior autonomia e competências aos estados-membros, segundo a pesquisa de Schlobach (2014). Concluímos que, no período autoritário, o STF adotou jurisprudência restritiva relativa ao âmbito de atuação dos poderes constituintes, ressalvados os ministros Aliomar Baleeiro e Victor Nunes Leal, que se destacaram por ficarem vencidos e por defenderem maior autonomia aos constituintes estaduais. Ao final do regime, o STF desenvolveu argumentos para estimular o federalismo cooperativo, que, no entanto, não foi observado durante o período pós-CF/88, no qual a Corte manteve referências à jurisprudência do período militar. This article aims to examine the case-law of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court about the limits to the constituent power of member States during the authoritarian and centralizing military regime (1964-1985). Afterwards, we compared the results with the current case-law, under the Federal Constitution of 1988, which attributed more autonomy and competences to the States, according to the research made by Schlobach (2014). We concluded that, in the authoritarian regime, the Supreme Federal Court developed a restrictive case-law about the scope of action of the States’ constituent powers, except for Justices Aliomar Baleeiro and Victor Nunes Leal, which stood out by their dissenting opinions and their defense of more autonomy to the constituent powers. At the end of the regime, the Supreme Federal Court developed arguments in favor of a cooperative federalism, which was not, however, observed after 1988, period when the Court still referred to the military regime case-law.
High-speed 3D digital image correlation for rolling deformation of a tire sidewall and measuring dynamic contact patch length
Authors: Gao Xueliang , Zhuang Ye , Liu Shu , Fan Weiguang , Zhu Chengwei , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Tires play a vital role in a vehicle’s operational stability, comfort, and security. However, due to the influence of test equipment and tire operating conditions, the perception of rolling tire characteristics is still in the stage of gradual improvement, especially the analysis of sidewall rolling deformation and dynamic contact peculiarities of tires/road interactions, which has restricted the analysis of rolling energy dissipation and the accurate observation of tire forces. In this paper, the high-speed stereo-vision system was created by high-speed cameras, and the relative rigid and flexible displacement, strain, and trajectory trend of marker points and the real-time global displacement field of the sidewall during the tire-rolling cycle were acquired utilizing the improved digital image correlation algorithm under different rolling velocities. Meanwhile, the periodic dissipation of the strain concentration region was observed, and the phenomenon of strain resonance appeared at the overlap of the periods. The relative flexibility strain and shear strain of the marker point were obtained on the plane element, which resulted in the relative flexibility major principle strain of the plane element, and then it achieved recognition of the leading and trailing points of the contact patch and the accurate measurement of dynamic contact patch length.
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index based on a hybrid surface plasmon resonance multimode interference fiber sensor
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Meijiang , Zhang Yaxun , Liu Zhihai , Yang Xinghua , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo 
Published: January 2020

We propose and demonstrate a hybrid fiber-based sensor combining a multimode interference (MMI) structure and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index (RI) of a liquid sample. We configure the MMI structure by connecting a single-mode fiber, a no-core fiber, and a single-mode fiber sequentially. We set up the SPR structure by coating a gold film with a thickness of 50 nm on the surface of the no-core fiber. We measure the sensitivity of RI and the temperature of the MMI and SPR structure, respectively. Then we obtain the coefficient matrix to simultaneously measure the temperature and RI of a liquid sample and obtain the highest RI sensitivity of 2061.6 nm/RIU and temperature sensitivity of 37.9 pm/°C. We verify the feasibility of the sensor in liquid alcohol. The testing results indicate that the proposed sensor and testing method are feasible, accurate, and convenient.
Miniature high-speed, low-pulse-energy picosecond Raman spectrometer for identification of minerals and organics in planetary science
Authors: Blacksberg Jordana , Alerstam Erik , Cochrane Corey J. , Maruyama Yuki , Farmer Jack D. 
Published: January 2020

The motivation behind time-resolved Raman spectroscopy for planetary surface exploration is (1) to provide comprehensive identification of minerals (nearly all rock-forming minerals and weathering products) and many organics of prime importance including fossilized carbonaceous materials; (2) to do so ensuring that it is possible to characterize even the most sensitive materials that would be altered by current state-of-the-art pulsed lasers (e.g., dark minerals, organics). These goals are accomplished here using a lightweight, high-speed (MHz) pulsed (

<

100

p
s

) Raman spectrometer based on a high-speed microchip laser combined with a single photon avalanche diode detector array. Using a Mars analog sample set and an automated grid sampling technique, we demonstrate consistent identification of major minerals and kerogen detection at

∼≥

1

%

by volume, without losses typically associated with the two biggest problems: fluorescence interference and sample damage. Despite improvements, we find that time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is still limited by the availability of a suitable laser and detector. As technology advances and such devices become available, we expect that this technique will hold an important place in Raman spectroscopy for both commercial and planetary science applications. We also discuss the utility of Raman point mapping for planetary science (e.g., in comparison with other common techniques like infrared reflectance spectroscopy) and conclude that the choice of technique must be planetary mission-specific; one must consider whether incurring the time to map single microscopic points is worthwhile, and how many points would be sufficient to gain the required information to characterize the surface.
High-efficiency AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN tunnel junction ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Pandey A. , Shin W. J. , Gim J. , Hovden R. , Mi Z. 
Published: January 2020

AlGaN is the material of choice for high-efficiency deep UV light sources, which is the only alternative technology to replace mercury lamps for water purification and disinfection. At present, however, AlGaN-based mid- and deep UV LEDs exhibit very low efficiency. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the epitaxy and characterization of LEDs utilizing an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN tunnel junction structure, operating at

∼
265

nm

, which have the potential to break the efficiency bottleneck of deep UV photonics. A thin GaN layer was incorporated between

p
+

and

n
+

-AlGaN to reduce the tunneling barrier. By optimizing the thickness of the GaN layer and thickness of the top

n

-AlGaN contact layer, we demonstrate AlGaN deep UV LEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 11% and wall-plug efficiency of 7.6% for direct on-wafer measurement. It is also observed that the devices exhibit severe efficiency droop under low current densities, which is explained by the low hole mobility, due to the hole hopping conduction in the Mg impurity band and the resulting electron overflow.