bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan
Authors: Huang Haijun , Chen Shanshan , Li Hong , Zhou Xian‐Long , Dai Yining , Wu Jia , Zhang Jun , Shao Lina , Yan Rong , Wang Mingshan , Wang Jiafeng , Tu Yuexing , Ge Minghua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a critical challenge for public health. The effect of COVID‐19 on liver injury has not been fully established.AimsTo evaluate the dynamic changes in liver function and the relationship between liver damage and prognosis in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical data of 675 patients with COVID‐19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 3 to March 8, 2020. Patients were classified as having normal or abnormal liver function and liver injury.ResultsOf 675 patients, 253 (37.5%) had abnormal liver function during hospitalisation, and 52 (7.7%) had liver injury. The dynamic changes of ALT and AST levels were more significant in patients with liver injury and in those who died. AST >3‐fold upper limit of normal (ULN) had the highest risk of death and mechanical ventilation. Compared to patients with normal AST levels, mortality and risk of mechanical ventilation significantly increased 19.27‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.89‐75.97; P < 0.0001) and 116.72‐fold (95% CI, 31.58‐431.46; P < 0.0001), respectively, in patients with AST above 3‐fold ULN. Increased leucocytes, decreased lymphocytes and female sex were independently associated with liver injury.ConclusionsThe dynamic changes in liver function may have a significant correlation with the severity and prognosis of COVID‐19. Increased index of liver injury was closely related to mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. Therefore, these indicators should be closely monitored during hospitalisation.
Iloprost and exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—the ILO‐HOPE randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wu Cho‐Kai , Cheng Jen‐Fang , Huang Chen‐Yu , Chen Zheng‐Wei , Chen Ssu‐Yuan , Lin Lian‐Yu 
Published: July 2020

AimsA dramatic increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) during exercise is observed in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study was designed to determine whether iloprost inhalation could improve exercise haemodynamics and cardiac reserve in patients with HFpEF.MethodsThirty‐four HFpEF patients were enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial. Patients received both cardiac catheterization and underwent expired gas analysis at rest, during exercise, and before and 10 minutes after treatment with either inhaled iloprost or placebo. The primary endpoint was decrease in exercise PCWP.ResultsAt baseline, enrolled patients showed an increase in PCWP during exercise (from 16 [range, 14–23] mmHg to 27 [21–36] mmHg; P < .0001). After iloprost inhalation, exercise PCWP was significantly reduced compared to placebo (adjusted mean: 20 [16–29] mmHg vs 23 [17–32] mmHg; P = .002). There was no difference for cardiac output reserve with exercise in the 2 groups (0.2 [−1.3–1.2] L/min vs –0.7 [−1.9–0.1] L/min; P = .099). Iloprost improved the pulmonary artery pressure flow relationships in HFpEF with exercise compared to placebo.ConclusionIloprost inhalation improved haemodynamic deficits during exercise in patients with HFpEF. Prospective trials testing long‐term iloprost therapy in this population are warranted.
Nicotine increases alcohol self‐administration in male rats via a μ‐opioid mechanism within the mesolimbic pathway
Authors: Domi Esi , Xu Li , Pätz Marvin , Nordeman Anton , Augier Gaëlle , Holm Lovisa , Toivainen Sanne , Augier Eric , Hansson Anita C. , Heilig Markus 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeAlcohol and nicotine use disorders are commonly comorbid. Both alcohol and nicotine can activate opioid systems in reward‐related brain regions, leading to adaptive changes in opioid signalling upon chronic exposure. The potential role of these adaptations for comorbidity is presently unknown. Here, we examined the contribution of μ and κ‐opioid receptors to nicotine‐induced escalation of alcohol self‐administration in rats.Experimental ApproachChronic nicotine was tested on alcohol self‐administration and motivation to obtain alcohol. We then tested the effect of the κ antagonist CERC‐501 and the preferential μ receptor antagonist naltrexone on basal and nicotine‐escalated alcohol self‐administration. To probe μ or κ receptor adaptations, receptor binding and G‐protein coupling assays were performed in reward‐related brain regions. Finally, dopaminergic activity in response to alcohol was examined, using phosphorylation of DARPP‐32 in nucleus accumbens as a biomarker.Key ResultsNicotine robustly induced escalation of alcohol self‐administration and motivation to obtain alcohol. This was blocked by naltrexone but not by CERC‐501. Escalation of alcohol self‐administration was associated with decreased DAMGO‐stimulated μ receptor signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and decreased pDARPP‐32 in the nucleus accumbens shell in response to alcohol.Conclusions and ImplicationsCollectively, these results suggest that nicotine contributes to escalate alcohol self‐administration through a dysregulation of μ receptor activity in the VTA. These data imply that targeting μ rather than κ receptors may be the preferred pharmacotherapeutic approach for the treatment of alcohol use disorder when nicotine use contributes to alcohol consumption.
Prognostic effect of comorbidities in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Ono Takaaki , Takahashi Naoto , Kizaki Masahiro , Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Suzuki Ritsuro , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Ohnishi Kazunori , Naoe Tomoki , Matsumura Itaru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComorbidities at diagnosis among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP) may affect their overall survival (OS) rate even in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. However, the prognostic impact of comorbidities in patients with CML‐CP treated with a second‐generation TKI (2GTKI) has not been elucidated. We evaluated the effect of comorbidities on survival using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in patients with CML‐CP treated with imatinib or a 2GTKI (nilotinib and dasatinib). From April 2010 to March 2013, 506 patients with CML‐CP were registered for the population‐based cohort study, and 452 with a median age of 56 y were assessable. Treatment groups included 139 patients receiving imatinib, 169 receiving nilotinib, and 144 receiving dasatinib. Comorbidities were diagnosed in 99 patients. CCI scores were stratified as follows: 2, 353 patients; 3, 72 patients; and ≥4, 27 patients. Treatment response did not vary relative to CCI scores. However, across the entire cohort, the OS rate was significantly lower among patients with higher CCI scores than in those with a CCI score of 2 (94.4% in score 2, 89.0% in score 3, and 72.8% in score ≥4; P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified a CCI score of ≥4 as a strong adverse prognostic factor for OS rather than the disease‐specific risk factor, older age, performance status, or selection of TKI (Wald test, P < .01). Our results demonstrated that comorbidities at diagnosis were the most important predictive factor for successful treatment, regardless of the TKI type used in CML‐CP. This trial was registered at UMIN‐CTR as 00003581.
Portfolios of Social Protection, Labour Mobility and the Rise of Life Insurance in Rural Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Minh T.N. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBased on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2018–19, this article analyses the changing composition of social protection on the ground in rural central Vietnam, including the recent spread of private life insurance among peasant families. The author uses the concept of portfolios of social protection to denote the emergence of an eclectic mix of measures to manage risks and to prepare for the future in the context of intensified perceptions of risks and the increasing privatization of care. Almost unheard of in this region just a few decades ago, private life insurance has come to be taken for granted by local people, many of whom are involved in precarious trajectories of transnational labour mobility. Underlying the rise of private life insurance in these rural communities is an uncertain process in which new prudentialist rationalities are domesticated into locally meaningful ideas of risk and care. In the context of hypermobility, such mutual entanglement makes it possible for global finance to turn the countryside into a new frontier. The article extends the Polanyian notion of double movement by showing the tendency of social protection to be reincorporated into the realm of the market.
Non‐vitamin K vs vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients aged > 80 year with atrial fibrillation and low body weight
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Attena Emilio , Di Maio Marco , Carbone Andreina , Parisi Valentina , Rago Anna , Grieco Fabrizio Vincenzo , Buonauro Agostino , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOctogenarian patients are at high risk of both ischaemic and bleeding events, and the low body weight is considered a risk factor for major bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on anticoagulation therapy. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well‐controlled VKA therapy among patients aged > 80 year with AF and low body weight in real‐life setting.MethodsData for this study were sourced from the multicenter prospectively maintained Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). From this, we selected AF patients aged ≥ 80 years and weighted ≤ 60 kg who received NOACs or VKAs treatment (only those with a time in therapeutic range > 70%). 279 patients (136 in NOAC group and 143 in VKA group) were selected.ResultsA total of 71 patients (17 in NOAC vs 54 in VKA group) died during the follow‐up. The incidence rate of all‐cause mortality was 27.70 per 100 person‐years (14.91 in NOAC vs 37.94 in VKA group, adjusted hazard ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.975; P = .003). 22 patients (9 in NOAC vs 13 in VKA group, P = .6) had major bleeding events. Diabetes mellitus, COPD and age resulted positively associated with death, whereas NOACs, parossistic AF and weight negatively associated with mortality.ConclusionsOur real‐world data might suggest the safe and efficacy use of NOACs in this setting of population, justified by a reduction in overall mortality over VKAs. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
Shadow education in the service of tiger parenting: Strategies used by middle‐class families in China
Authors: Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParents in many cultures invest significant proportions of household incomes in the so‐called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. Parts of the literature attribute intensive tutoring to East Asian cultural traditions and to so‐called tiger parenting. Based on a mixed‐methods study in Shanghai, this article examines tiger parenting through a socio‐economic lens to show the roles of shadow education in achieving parental goals. The study shows that tiger parenting is most evident in middle‐class families. In order to transmit or increase social advantages inter‐generationally, such parents use private tutoring to prepare their children for successful academic trajectories in mainstream education. The strategy is driven by anxieties related to social status in the rapidly changing risk economy. Shadow education has provided parents with new means to increase family cultural capital which not only facilitates school performance but also reinforces class dispositions. The study highlights the importance of understanding tiger parenting in the culture of class, in addition to other cultural factors. It challenges the simplistic attribution of tiger parenting to Confucianism by revealing dimensions that run counter to the Confucian conception and tradition of parenting. It also extends the conceptualization of family cultural capital by unpacking the processes of tutoring as externalized parenting in the era of global expansion of shadow education.
Deep phenotyping of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Giacomucci G. , Monforte M. , Diaz‐Manera J. , Mul K. , Fernandez Torrón R. , Maggi L. , Marini Bettolo C. , Dahlqvist J. R. , Haberlova J. , Camaño P. , Gros M. , Tartaglione T. , Cristiano L. , Gerevini S. , Calandra P. , Deidda G. , Giardina E. , Sacconi S. , Straub V. , Vissing J. , Van Engelen B. , Ricci E. , Tasca G. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeThe aim was to define the radiological picture of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2 (FSHD2) in comparison with FSHD1 and to explore correlations between imaging and clinical/molecular data.MethodsUpper girdle and/or lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging scans of 34 molecularly confirmed FSHD2 patients from nine European neuromuscular centres were analysed. T1‐weighted and short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were used to evaluate the global pattern and to assess the extent of fatty replacement and muscle oedema.ResultsThe most frequently affected muscles were obliquus and transversus abdominis, semimembranosus, soleus and gluteus minimus in the lower limbs; trapezius, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major in the upper girdle. Iliopsoas, popliteus, obturator internus and tibialis posterior in the lower limbs and subscapularis, spinati, sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae in the upper girdle were the most spared. Asymmetry and STIR hyperintensities were consistent features. The pattern of muscle involvement was similar to that of FSHD1, and the combined involvement of trapezius, abdominal and hamstring muscles, together with complete sparing of iliopsoas and subscapularis, was detected in 91% of patients. Peculiar differences were identified in a rostro‐caudal gradient, a predominant involvement of lower limb muscles compared to the upper girdle, and in the higher percentage of STIR hyperintensities in FSHD2.ConclusionThis multicentre study defines the pattern of muscle involvement in FSHD2, providing useful information for diagnostics and clinical trial design. Both similarities and differences between FSHD1 and FSHD2 were detected, which is also relevant to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the FSHD‐related disease spectrum.
THE EVENTISATION OF ANNIVERSARY ACTIVITY: INVESTING IN 1989
Authors: Saunders Anna 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis article traces the development of anniversary activity marking the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ‘peaceful revolution’ of 1989 in Berlin, through a focus on the official procedures and routines of significant anniversary years. It argues that the date is undergoing a process of ‘eventisation’, driven in part by an ‘attention economy’, in which embodied performances and rituals are developed, and participants are increasingly assimilated as ‘prosumers’. In particular, three central elements are analysed: first, the role of different mise‐en‐scènes, second, the significance of shifting narratives, and third, the growth of emotional engagement. The article argues that a celebratory anniversary tradition is now developing alongside Germany's predominantly cathartic dialogue with the past, and that the emerging routine around 9 November represents a new type of cultural performance, which brings together narratives of victimhood with those of jubilation. It also demonstrates that the built environment proves central to the messages that are conveyed, as the cityscape, its broader history, and its newly emerging sites of memory not only act as the backdrop to events, but significantly also shape the resulting rituals and narratives.
Toll‐like receptor 2 activation induces C–C chemokine receptor 2‐dependent natural killer cell recruitment to the peritoneum
Authors: Haidl Ian D , Meghnem Dihia , Issekutz Thomas B , Marshall Jean S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are innate effector cells with critical roles not only in tumor immunosurveillance and viral immunity, but also in bacterial and fungal infections. Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) can be important in the early and sustained immune responses to pathogens and tumors through the induction of cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate immune effector cells. We investigated the role of TLR2 activation in NK cell recruitment with a view to informing approaches to induce or regulate peritoneal NK cell responses therapeutically. Peritoneal injection of TLR2 activators, including peptidoglycan and the lipopeptides FSL‐1 and Pam3CSK4, resulted in NK cell recruitment after 16 h with increased NK cell numbers maintained for 48 h. TLR2 activators induced large amounts of CCR2 ligands, but much smaller amounts of CCR5 and CXCR3 ligands. Consistent with this observation, NK cell migration was abrogated in CCR2‐deficient mice after peritoneal FSL‐1 injection. Adoptive transfer of CCR2‐deficient NK cells prior to peritoneal FSL‐1 activation confirmed a cell‐intrinsic component of CCR2‐mediated NK cell migration. TLR2 activation did not induce an activated NK cell phenotype, but significant changes included an increase in the KLRG1+ subset and decreased NKG2D expression. Although not activated in vivo, peritoneal NK cells could be activated by interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐18 ex vivo to express CD69 and interferonγ. These data demonstrate that TLR2‐mediated immune activation is a potent inducer of NK cell recruitment via a CCR2‐dependent mechanism and that NK cells recruited by this mechanism can respond to additional signals to exert effector cell functions.
Nodakenin alleviated obstructive nephropathy through blunting Snail1 induced fibrosis
Authors: Li Jianchun , Wang Lu , Tan Ruizhi , zhao Sha , Zhong Xia , Wang Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTubulointerstitial fibrosis plays an important role in end‐stage renal failure, and there are only limited therapeutic options available to preserve organ function. In the present study, we identified that nodakenin, a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelicae gigas, functions effectively against unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐induced fibrosis via down‐regulating Snail1 expression. We established UUO‐induced renal fibrosis in mice and then administered with nodakenin orally ata a dose of 1 and 10 mg/kg. The in‐vivo results indicated that nodakenin protected obstructive nephropathy through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic properties. Nodakenin prevented the infiltration of inflammatory cells, alleviated the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced the polarization of macrophages and down‐regulating the aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix at the site of injury. Of note, nodakenin dramatically impeded Smad3, NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and Snail1 expression. In line with in vivo studies, nodakenin suppressed the expression of Snail1, Smad3 phosphorylation and fibrogenesis in TGF‐β1‐treated renal epithelial cells in‐vitro. Furthermore, we found that the effect of nodaknin against fibrosis was reversed in Snail1 overexpressing cells, whereas nodakenin could not further reduce expression of fibrogenesis in Snail1 silenced cells, suggesting that nodaknein may function through a Snail1‐dependent manner. Collectively, this study reveal a critical role of nodakenin in the cure of renal fibrosis.
Nursing student–patient relationship and related factors—A self‐assessment by nursing students
Authors: Suikkala Arja , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Katajisto Jouko , Koskinen Sanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the nursing student–patient relationship in terms of three types of relationships—mechanistic, authoritative and facilitative—and analyse the factors related to the type of relationship.BackgroundAs future professionals, nursing students have a central role in facilitating patient autonomy while working in partnership with patients. Supporting student–patient relationship throughout the nursing education may result in positive outcomes for both students and patients.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data were collected from a convenience sample of Finnish nursing students using a structured web survey. Statistical data analysis was performed using chi‐square test, two‐sample t test, one‐way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression. The STROBE Statement — Checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used (Appendix S1).ResultsStudents most often assessed their relationship with the patients as facilitative, followed by authoritative and mechanistic relationships. The results revealed three predictors for facilitative relationship: students’ older age, long enough contact time with the patient and higher competence in ensuring quality. In authoritative and facilitative relationships, students had significantly more positive perceptions of the contextual factors and consequences of the relationship and higher ratings of self‐assessed competence levels than students in a mechanistic relationship.ConclusionsIt seems that the facilitative student–patient relationship is connected to the professional competence of nursing students, especially in the area of ensuring the quality of patient care. Therefore, sustaining clinical learning environments and pedagogical approaches that value and support facilitative relationships in students’ clinical learning should be enhanced.Relevance to clinical practiceEfforts aimed at contributing to facilitative student–patient relationships have a crucial role in shaping students’ competency and in promoting high‐quality patient care. Thus, supervision of students organised around establishing mutual student–patient relationships with the preceptors acting as facilitators will benefit both students and patients.
The Influence of Close Ties on Depression: Does Network Religiosity Matter?
Authors: Upenieks Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite a growing body of the literature on how features of social networks influence well‐being, we know little of how the religiosity of social networks matter. This study addresses three types of religious social network ties and their association with mental health: same (non)‐religious ties, religious discussion ties, and ties offering prayers on an individual's behalf. Using ego‐centric network data from the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study (N= 2,223), multivariate regression results suggest that a greater number of ties that discuss religion and pray for the respondent are detrimental to the mental health of those of a low religious salience. Taken together, this study demonstrates that religious dimensions of social networks exact an important influence on mental health and highlights the importance of identifying specific features of religion among core network ties.