bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent abnormalities in Rolandic thalamocortical white matter circuits in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Thorn Emily L. , Ostrowski Lauren M. , Chinappen Dhinakaran M. , Jing Jin , Westover M. Brandon , Stufflebeam Steven M. , Kramer Mark A. , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveChildhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) is a common, focal, transient, developmental epilepsy syndrome characterized by unilateral or bilateral, independent epileptiform spikes in the Rolandic regions of unknown etiology. Given that CECTS presents during a period of dramatic white matter maturation and thatspikes in CECTS are activated during non–rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, we hypothesized that children with CECTS would have aberrant development of white matter connectivity between the thalamus and the Rolandic cortex. We further tested whether Rolandic thalamocortical structural connectivity correlates with spike rate during non‐REM sleep.MethodsTwenty‐three children with CECTS (age = 8‐15 years) and 19 controls (age = 7‐15 years) underwent 3‐T structural and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and 72‐electrode electroencephalographic recordings. Thalamocortical structural connectivity to Rolandic and non‐Rolandic cortices was quantified using probabilistic tractography. Developmental changes in connectivity were compared between groups using bootstrap analyses. Longitudinal analysis was performed in four subjects with 1‐year follow‐up data. Spike rate was quantified during non‐REM sleep using manual and automated techniques and compared to Rolandic connectivity using regression analyses.ResultsChildren with CECTS had aberrant development of thalamocortical connectivity to the Rolandic cortex compared to controls (P = .01), where the expected increase in connectivity with age was not observed in CECTS. There was no difference in the development of thalamocortical connectivity to non‐Rolandic regions between CECTS subjects and controls (P = .19). Subjects with CECTS observed longitudinally had reductions in thalamocortical connectivity to the Rolandic cortex over time. No definite relationship was found between Rolandic connectivity and non‐REM spike rate (P > .05).SignificanceThese data provide evidence that abnormal maturation of thalamocortical white matter circuits to the Rolandic cortex is a feature of CECTS. Our data further suggest that the abnormalities in these tracts do not recover, but are increasingly dysmature over time, implicating a permanent but potentially compensatory process contributing to disease resolution.
Using fisheries‐independent survey data to reinforce China’s data‐limited fisheries management: Management strategy evaluation of survey‐based management procedures
Authors: Sun Ming , Li Yunzhou , Ren Yiping , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFisheries‐independent survey data are vital to stock assessment and management because they provide reliable information on stock status. Although survey data have been increasingly recognised for their contributions to fisheries management, they have often not been adequately used to provide quantitative management recommendations for China's fisheries that are subject to limited data. In the present study, a framework was proposed to integrate two types of survey‐based management procedures (MPs) into China's fisheries management: the slope‐based MP and the target‐based MP. Specifically, the former generates fishing effort limits based on the trend in recent years’ abundance index, while the latter sets effort limits based on a static abundance index target. To test the performance of these MPs, management strategy evaluation was performed using a simulated fishery based on the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker) in Haizhou Bay, China. The sensitivity of MPs was investigated under different algorithm parameterisations and historical exploitation levels. Additionally, their robustness was evaluated in the face of survey uncertainty and changes in recruitment success. Both MPs could effectively improve the stock status compared with the status quo management when appropriately parameterised regardless of exploitation history. The target‐based MP was more robust to survey uncertainty than the slope‐based MP. Non‐stationary changes in recruitment success strongly impaired the management effects, while using recruitment‐specific instead of the age‐aggregated abundance index could slightly enhance their performance. This work indicates that survey‐based MPs can address the current challenges in China's fisheries management and reinforce the status quo management practice with limited data and highlights the potential risks.
Prevalence and potential biological role of TERT amplifications in ALK translocated adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Alidousty Christina , Duerbaum Nicolai , Wagener‐Ryczek Svenja , Baar Till , Martelotto Luciano G , Heydt Carina , Siemanowski Janna , Holz Barbara , Binot Elke , Fassunke Jana , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Wolf Jürgen , Kron Anna , Buettner Reinhard , Schultheis Anne M 
Published: September 2020

AimsThe advent of specific ALK‐targeting drugs has radically changed the outcome of patients with ALK translocated non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, emerging resistance to treatment with ALK inhibitors in these patients remains a major concern. In previous studies, we analysed two ALK+ patient cohorts (TP53 wild‐type/TP53 mutated) in terms of copy number alterations. All patients belonging to the TP53 wild‐type group had mainly genetically stable genomes, with one exception showing chromosomal instability and amplifications of several gene loci, including TERT. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of TERT amplifications in these ALK+ lung cancer patients by analysing an independent cohort of 109 ALK translocated cases. We further analysed the copy numbers of numerous cancer‐relevant genes and other genetic aberrations.Methods and resultsThe prevalence of TERT amplifications was determined by means of FISH analyses. Copy numbers of 87 cancer‐relevant genes were determined by NanoString nCounter® technology, FoundationOne® and lung‐specific NGS panels in some of these TERT‐amplified samples, and clinical data on patients with TERT‐amplified tumours were collected. Our data revealed that five (4.6%) of all 109 analysed ALK+ patients harboured amplification of TERT and that these patients had genetically unstable genomes.ConclusionsOur preliminary study shows that ALK+ adenocarcinomas should be evaluated in the context of their genomic background in order to more clearly understand and predict patients' individual course of disease.
Excavating Youth Justice Reform: Historical Mapping and Speculative Prospects
Authors: GOLDSON BARRY 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article analytically excavates youth justice reform (in England and Wales) by situating it in historical context, critically reviewing the competing rationales that underpin it and exploring the overarching social, economic, and political conditions within which it is framed. It advances an argument that the foundations of a recognisably modern youth justice system had been laid by the opening decade of the 20th Century and that youth justice reform in the post‐Second World War period has broadly been structured over four key phases. The core contention is that historical mapping facilitates an understanding of the unreconciled rationales and incoherent nature of youth justice reform to date, while also providing a speculative sense of future prospects.
Evaluation of the effect of a novel membrane filtration system on the lifespan of frying oil
Authors: Geiger Philippe , Buchli Jürg , Rüegg Ramona , Müller Nadina 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFrying oil has a limited lifetime which results in the disposal of approximately 67% of all used oil. The aim of this study is to determine the suitability of different membranes for purifying frying oil and investigate the application of continuous membrane filtration in a commercial deep fryer. Eleven different membranes were tested to assess their suitability for filtrating frying oil. A prototype continuous filtration system with an integrated membrane filter was developed for a deep fryer to assess the effect of continuous membrane filtration on oil degradation. The prototype was subjected to a frying test over 13 days and the results compared to those from a standard deep fryer. The prototype maintained total polar compounds (TPC) at an acceptable level of <12% and the oil remained light in colour even after more than 280 h of use, while TPC in the standard deep fryer rose to >27%.
Planning and clinical role of acute medical home care services for COVID‐19: consensus position statement by the Hospital‐in‐the‐Home Society Australasia
Authors: Bryant Penelope A. , Rogers Benjamin A. , Cowan Raquel , Bowen Asha C. , Pollard James ,   Hospital‐in‐the‐Home Society Australasia
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring a pandemic when hospitals are stretched and patients need isolation, the role of hospital‐in‐the‐home (HITH) providing acute medical care at home has never been more relevant. We aimed to define and address the challenges to acute home care services posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Planning for service operation involves staffing, equipment availability and cleaning, upskilling in telehealth and communication. Planning for clinical care involves maximising cohorts of patients without COVID‐19 and new clinical pathways for patients with COVID‐19. The risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, specific COVID‐19 clinical pathways and the well‐being of patients and staff should be addressed in advance.
Interventional device implantation, Part I: Basic techniques to avoid complications: A hands‐on approach
Authors: Zou Fengwei , Brar Vijaywant , Worley Seth J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe essence of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is biventricular (BiV) pacing, which involves implanting pacing leads in both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV). Unlike traditional RV pacing, many hurdles lie ahead of successful LV lead implantation.Methods and ResultsIn this review, we first highlight the importance of optimizing the patient and the tools. Next, we describe the CRT tools developed over several decades, to facilitate successful implantation. Thereafter, we provide a streamlined step‐by‐step summary of the basic BiV implantation procedure. Lastly, we discuss some commonly encountered challenges during implantation and the techniques to tackle them.ConclusionA systematic approach to every step of the implantation process can reduce procedure time, decrease patient exposure to radiation and contrast, and minimize complications. The use of right tools and techniques can enable all implanters to become more successful with BiV implantation.
The role of Langerhans cells in epidermal homeostasis and pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Yan Bei , Liu Nian , Li Jie , Li Jiaoduan , Zhu Wu , Kuang Yehong , Chen Xiang , Peng Cong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe skin is the main barrier between the human body and the outside world, which not only plays the role of a physical barrier but also functions as the first line of defence of immunology. Langerhans cells (LCs), as dendritic cells (DC) that play an important role in the immune system, are mainly distributed in the epidermis. This review focuses on the role of these epidermal LCs in regulating skin threats (such as microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation and allergens), especially psoriasis. Since human and mouse skin DC subsets share common ontogenetic characteristics, we can further explore the role of LCs in psoriatic inflammation.
Children’s sleep, impulsivity, and anger: shared genetic etiology and implications for developmental psychopathology
Authors: Miadich Samantha A. , Shrewsbury Amanda M. , Doane Leah D. , Davis Mary C. , Clifford Sierra , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPrior research has established links between poor sleep and problems in emotion regulation. Impulsivity and anger/frustration are core features of child psychopathology. Further, sleep problems are commonly associated with psychopathology. This study examined shared and unique genetic and environmental influences on sleep, impulsivity, and anger/frustration in the middle childhood period with potential ramifications for psychopathology.MethodsFamilies (29.9% monozygotic, 38.6% same‐sex dizygotic, 31.5% opposite‐sex dizygotic) from a longitudinal twin study participated (N = 613 twins). Twins (Mage = 8.37, SD = 0.66; 49% female; 58% non‐Latinx European American, 30% Latinx) wore actigraph watches for seven days to assess sleep. Primary caregivers (95.3% mothers) completed standardized questionnaires to assess twins’ temperament (impulsivity, anger/frustration).ResultsUnivariate ACE twin structural equation models indicated strong genetic influences (76%) on impulsivity, whereas the largest proportion of variance in anger/frustration was attributed to the shared environment (56%). Bivariate model fitting indicated that sleep—impulsivity and sleep—anger/frustration associations in children are genetic; thus, a mutual underlying genetic factor likely contributes to the commonality in these associations.ConclusionsGiven evidence that sleep problems, impulsivity, and anger/frustration are mechanisms associated with psychopathology, our findings suggest a genetic commonality and the need to focus on shared and unique risk factors when understanding etiology. Early intervention and prevention efforts should target both sleep problems and high levels of impulsivity and anger/frustration in children, which may have implications for later psychopathology.
Experimentally induced intrasexual mating competition and sex‐specific evolution in female and male nematodes
Authors: Stångberg Josefine , Immonen Elina , Moreno Pilar Puimedon , Bolund Elisabeth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSexual dimorphism in life history traits and their trade‐offs is widespread among sexually reproducing animals and is strongly influenced by the differences in reproductive strategies between the sexes. We investigated how intrasexual competition influenced specific life history traits, important to fitness and their trade‐offs in the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Here, we altered the strength of sex‐specific selection through experimental evolution with increased potential for intrasexual competition by skewing the adult sex ratio towards either females or males (1:10 or 10:1) over 30 generations and subsequently measured the phenotypic response to selection in three traits related to fitness: body size, fecundity and tolerance to heat stress. We observed a greater evolutionary change in females than males for body size and peak fitness, suggesting that females may experience stronger net selection and potentially harbour higher amounts of standing genetic variance compared to males. Our study highlights the importance of investigating direct and indirect effects of intrasexual competition in both sexes in order to capture sex‐specific responses and understand the evolution of sexual dimorphism in traits expressed by both sexes.
Interrelations of Alzheimer´s disease candidate biomarkers neurogranin, fatty acid‐binding protein 3 and ferritin to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation
Authors: Brosseron Frederic , Kleemann Kilian , Kolbe Carl‐Christian , Santarelli Francesco , Castro‐Gomez Sergio , Tacik Pawel , Latz Eicke , Jessen Frank , Heneka Michael T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing evidence that promising biomarkers of inflammation in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases correlate strongest to levels of tau or neurofilament, indicating an inflammatory response to neuronal damage or death. To test this hypothesis, we investigated three AD candidate markers (ferritin, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP‐3), and neurogranin) in interrelation to established AD and inflammatory protein markers. We further aimed to determine if such interrelations would be evident in pathological subjects only or also under non‐pathological circumstances. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the three proteins were quantified in samples from the University Clinic of Bonn (UKB) Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geriatric Psychiatry, Germany. Data were analyzed based on clinical or biomarker‐defined stratification of subjects with adjustment for covariates age, sex, andAPOEstatus. Levels of ferritin, FABP‐3 and neurogranin were elevated in subjects with pathological levels of t‐tau independent of beta‐amyloid status. The three markers correlated with each other, tau isoforms, age, and those inflammatory markers previously described as related to neurodegeneration, predominantly sTREM2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM‐1), and C1q. These interrelations existed in subjects with pathological and sub‐pathological tau levels, in particular for FABP‐3 and neurogranin. Relations to ferritin were independent of absolute levels of tau, too, but showed differing trajectories between pathological and non‐pathological subjects. A specific set of inflammatory markers is highly related to markers of neuronal damage such as tau, neurogranin, or FABP‐3. These proteins could be used as readouts of the inflammatory response during the neurodegeneration phase of AD.image
India, Brazil, and public health: Rule‐making through south–south diffusion in the intellectual property rights regime?
Authors: Serrano Oswald Omar Ramon , Burri Mira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the domestic drivers of regulatory state formation in India and Brazil and its consequences for the global rules governing pharmaceutical patents. We first analyze Indian and Brazilian politics of regulatory state formation; then, in light of the extent to which the two countries have built regulatory capacity and capability in the field of patent regulation, we explore whether and how they have been able to influence the existing intellectual property regime in health. We look into India's Section 3(d) and Brazil's prior consent requirement. Whereas India's Section 3(d) regulation has gained international regulatory influence by diffusing to other developing countries, the same cannot be said for Brazil's prior consent regulation, which has been caught by policy‐reversals. The transition toward regulatory states in emerging countries is a bulky road and does not progress in linear ways. However, once regulatory capacity and capability have been solidified, domestic policy innovations can become internationally influential.
Poor targeting? Targeting the poor? Redistribution in the Hungarian welfare system by age and socio‐economic status
Authors: Gál Róbert I. , Medgyesi Márton 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn line with the previous research, we confirm that welfare programmes in Hungary are poorly targeted in terms of socio‐economic status (SES). However, by adding age to our models, we demonstrate that even if the status is irrelevant in explaining access to social benefits and services, age is not. Applying simple regression techniques, we compare both the theoretical importance (based on regression coefficients) and the dispersion importance (using Shapley‐value decomposition of the R2) of age and SES in explaining the receipt of and contributions to both in‐kind and in‐cash benefits at the level of the general government in Hungary. We conclude that what appears to be a dysfunctional instrument in alleviating poverty and inequality in a univariate model is actually a channel of resource reallocation that connects working‐age people to children and to the elderly when the model includes two predictors.
Rifampicin resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected individuals using GeneXpert MTB/RIF ultra: a hospital‐based study
Authors: Kouemo Motse Francine D. , Nsagha Dickson Shey , Teyim Pride M. , Adiogo Dieudonné , Kojom Foko Loick P. , Kedy Koum Danielle C. , Ngaba Guy P. , Assob Nguedia Jules C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with rifampicin (RIF)‐resistant tuberculosis using GeneXpert technology.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 among tuberculosis (TB)‐infected Cameroonian patients in the Littoral Region using records from patients presenting with clinically suspected or documented TB. The patients were screened for TB using GeneXpert MDR/RIF ultra. Data were documented with an ad hoc survey form and analysed with SPSS version 22.Results153 patients were included in the study. 64.1% were males; mean age was 37.9 ± 14.7 years and median age 37 years (range: 2–82). Most patients were new cases (76.4%). Relapses accounted for 8.5% and recurrences for 2.6%. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed among 98.7% patients using mostly sputum samples (85%). The prevalence of RIF resistance was 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4%–12.7%). This prevalence was significantly higher in samples of mucus and mucopurulent aspect (P‐value = 0.04). RIF‐resistant M. tuberculosis strains were significantly more frequent among relapses than new cases (23.1% vs. 2.3% P‐value < 0.0001). A statistically significant association was found between GeneXpert‐based quantification results and type and aspect of samples.ConclusionThis study confirms the circulation of RIF‐resistant M. tuberculosis strains in the Littoral region. There is a need for extensive studies in other parts of the country.
Computed tomographic features of confirmed gallbladder pathology in 34 dogs
Authors: Brand Emily M. , Lim Chee Kin , Heng Hock Gan , Grosso Federico Vilaplana , Hanlon Jessica , Jones‐Hall Yava 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGallbladder pathology is common in dogs, but published studies describing the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of many gallbladder pathologies are currently lacking. This retrospective, multicenter, cases series, descriptive study evaluated the CT features of confirmed gallbladder pathology in 34 dogs. In this subset of dogs, the most common pathologies included cystic mucosal hyperplasia (15/34, 44.1%), gallbladder wall edema (9/34, 26.5%), gallbladder mucocele (8/34, 23.5%), bactibilia (7/34, 20.6%), cholecystitis (6/34, 17.6%), white bile (6/34, 17.6%), and cholelithiasis (4/34, 11.8%). The presence of intraluminal nodules, gallbladder wall thickening, hyperattenuating material (35‐100 HU), and mineral attenuating material (>100 HU) were the most common abnormalities detected. However, overlap of each of these findings with a variety of gallbladder pathologies showed that none of the findings were pathognomonic for any of these pathologies. The presence of any of these CT abnormalities should increase the suspicion of gallbladder pathology and prompt further evaluation of the gallbladder for definitive diagnosis.