bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Singh B. R. , Pradhan Sagarika , Murthy R. , Agrawal Ekta , Barapatre Rekha , Kumari Neha , Pandey Arti 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common chronic ear disease and a major health problem in developing countries causing deafness and life threatening complications like meningitis and brain abscess. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative organism and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential for immediate clinical recovery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 152 clinically diagnosed patients with CSOM safe were enrolled in the study and two swab of the discharge ear were obtained from each patient under aseptic precaution. Microbiological study was done according to standard operative guidelines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 152 patients 93 male and 59 were female, majority of the patient seen below 30 year of age. Most common organism found was <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(43.2%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(27.9%). <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was sensitive to vancomycin (98%) and linezolide (100%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was found highly sensitive to Imipenem cilastin (84.85%) and Imipenem (66.7%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study gram positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (43.2%) and gram negative bacilli <em>P. aeuroginosa</em> (27.9%) was the most common organism was found and this <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were hospital acquired infections. We found out high resistant to Cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and aztreonam.</p>
Brand 2020. El futuro de las marcas
Authors: Pol Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Para las grandes empresas y las marcas líderes actuales, el año 2020 ya es el futuro cercano, en términos estratégicos y tendenciales. En vistas del nuevo decenio, consideramos que el valor gerencial determinante, a la hora de “gestar y gestionar una marca” con eficiencia, no es de carácter meramente cognitivo sino actitudinal; el rol del brand manager ha sufrido un inédito desplazamiento, desde el tradicional gerente de marca, hacia una especie de brand trend hunter –o cazador de tendencias de marca– que monitorea el mercado de manera creativa y holística. Abordamos la construcción de un mapa de escenarios tendenciales para las marcas 2020, a partir de un encadenamiento de fenómenos significativos y características reveladoras de nuestro futuro cercano, en materia de branding.Para las grandes empresas y las marcas líderes actuales, el año 2020 ya es el futuro cercano, en términos estratégicos y tendenciales. En vistas del nuevo decenio, consideramos que el valor gerencial determinante, a la hora de “gestar y gestionar una marca” con eficiencia, no es de carácter meramente cognitivo sino actitudinal; el rol del brand manager ha sufrido un inédito desplazamiento, desde el tradicional gerente de marca, hacia una especie de brand trend hunter –o cazador de tendencias de marca– que monitorea el mercado de manera creativa y holística.Abordamos la construcción de un mapa de escenarios tendenciales para las marcas 2020, a partir de un encadenamiento de fenómenos significativos y características reveladoras de nuestro futuro cercano, en materia de branding.
Artes electrónicas en Argentina. En busca del eslabón perdido
Authors: Adler Jazmín 
Published: October 2019

La categoría de artes electrónicas comprende una pluralidad de prácticas ubicadas en la intersección del arte, la ciencia y la tecnología. Si bien diversos artistas argentinos contemporáneos se encuentran trabajando en este campo, las artes electrónicas parecen aún ser circunscritas a un universo aislado del resto de las manifestaciones artísticas actuales.
El presente artículo abre una serie de interrogantes ligados a las particularidades de las artes electrónicas latinoamericanas, en especial las argentinas, y a la posibilidad de trazar a través de ellas una aproximación a los componentes culturales locales. Seguidamente se desarrollan las estrategias implementadas por algunos artistas que han permitido encauzar la investigación artística sin repetir miméticamente imaginarios tecnológicos ajenos y heredados, ni adscribir a determinadas líneas discursivas como medios de legitimación de nuevas propuestas. El artículo concluye con el análisis de las instituciones abocadas a la difusión de las artes electrónicas en Argentina y otros países de América Latina. Asimismo, destaca la importancia de impulsar iniciativas que financien el aprendizaje, intercambio, producción, exhibición y reflexión sobre las artes electrónicas de nuestro país.
Functional abilities in children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome – pilot study
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia 
Published: October 2019

WstępZespół Cornelii de Lange (Cornelia de Lange syndrome – CdLS, nazywany również Brachmann de Lange syndrome
– BdLS) jest wrodzonym wielosystemowym schorzeniem rozwojowym, charakteryzującym się wyróżniającymi się rysami twarzy, opóźnieniem wzrostu i umysłowymi, anomaliami w obszarze kończyn oraz problemami behawioralnymi spowodowanymi deformacjami. Pomimo wysiłków naukowców, dotychczasowe próby oceny funkcjonalnej dzieci z CdLS koncentrowały się głównie na słuchu i wzroku. Cele badania były następujące: 1) przedstawić stan funkcjonalny dzieci z CdLS, 2) zaproponować jednolity protokół/narzędzie do jego oceny.Materiał i metodyBadaniu poddano 27 dzieci z CdLS, które oceniono pod kątem funkcjonowania i jego ograniczeń z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza oraz badania obserwacyjnego.WynikiNajczęściej spotykane problemy funkcjonalne dotyczyły przykurczy (88,89%), deformacji (66,67%) oraz asymetrii tułowia (66,67%).WnioskiWyniki badania pokazują stan funkcjonalny dzieci z CdLS. Nawet wyniki wstępne mogą kształtować dalsze całościowe podejście do leczenia, rehabilitacji i opieki w tej grupie pacjentów. Prezentowana ocena może być dobrym punktem startowym do rozwoju nowych protokołów/narzędzi stosowanych w tak złożonych schorzeniach. Dalsze, szerzej
zakrojone badania są potrzebne do zapewnienia pełniejszej i dokładniejszej diagnostyki, co wpłynie na efektywniejsze
postępowanie terapeutyczne.
APLIKASI TEORI VIRGINIA HENDERSON PADA PASIEN NEGLECTED FRACTURE OF LEFT SHAFT FEMUR
Authors: Sahrudi Sahrudi , Waluyo Agung , Masfuri Masfuri 
Published: October 2019

Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan oleh perawat sangat mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang akan diterima oleh pasien. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan tersebut salah satunya dengan mengaplikasikan teori virginia henderson. Tujuan : Penerapan teori Virginia Henderson pada pasien dengan neglected fracture of left shaft femur. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan studi kasus. Hasil : Penerapan teori Virginia Henderson efektif diterapkan pada pasien dengan neglected fracture of left shaft femur. Kesimpulan : teori Virginia Henderson dapat digunakan pada asuhan keperawatan pasien dengan neglected fracture left shaft femur untuk meningkatkan kemandirian akibat perubahan fisik dan psikologis.
Analysis of Five Deep-sequenced Trio-genomes of the Peninsular Malaysia Orang Asli and North Borneo Populations
Authors: Deng Lian , Lou Haiyi , Zhang Xiaoxi , Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram , Lu Dongsheng , Marshall Christian , Liu Chang , Xie Bo , Xu Wanxing , Wong Lai-Ping , Yew Chee-Wei , Farhang Aghakhanian , Ong Rick Twee-Hee , Hoque Mohammad Zahirul , Thuhairah Abdul Rahman , Jong Bhak , Phipps Maude E. , Scherer Stephen W. , Teo Yik-Ying , Kumar Subbiah Vijay , Hoh Boon Peng , Xu Shuhua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in genomic technologies have facilitated genome-wide investigation of human genetic variations. However, most efforts have focused on the major populations, yet trio genomes of indigenous populations from Southeast Asia have been under-investigated.
Results
We analyzed the whole-genome deep sequencing data (~30×) of five native trios from Malaysia, and discovered approximately 6.9 million single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 1.2 million small insertions and deletions (indels), and 9,000 copy number variants (CNVs) in the 15 samples. We found 2.7% SNVs, 2.3% indels and 22% CNVs were novel, implying the insufficient coverage of population diversity in existing databases. We identified a higher proportion of novel variants in the Orang Asli (OA) samples, i.e., the indigenous people from Peninsular Malaysia, than that of the North Bornean (NB) samples, likely due to more complex demographic history and long-time isolation of the OA groups. We used the pedigree information to identify autosomal de novo variants and estimated the mutation rates to be 0.81×10-8–1.33×10-8 , 1.0×10-9–2.9×10-9 , and ~0.001 per site per generation for SNVs, indels, and CNVs, respectively. The trio-genomes also allowed for accurate haplotype phasing with high accuracy, which serves as references to the future genomic studies of OA and NB populations. In addition, high-frequency inherited CNVs specific to OA or NB were identified. One example was a 50-kb duplication in DEFA1B detected only in the Negrito trios, implying plausible effects on host defense against the exposure of diverse microbial in tropical rainforest environment of these hunter-gatherers. The CNVs shared between OA and NB groups were much fewer than those specific to each group. Nevertheless, we identified a 142-kb duplication in AMY1A in all the 15 samples, and this gene is associated with the high-starch diet. Moreover, novel insertions shared with archaic hominids were identified in our samples.
Conclusion
Our study presents a full catalogue of the genome variants of the native Malaysian populations, which is a complement of the genome diversity in Southeast Asians. It implies specific population history of the native inhabitants, and demonstrated the necessity of more genome sequencing efforts on the multi-ethnic native groups of Malaysia and Southeast Asia.
Geographical and temporal origins of Neocaridina species (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in Taiwan
Authors: Han Chiao-Chuan , Hsu Kui-Ching , Fang Lee-Shing , Chang I-Ming , Lin Hung-Du 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The freshwater species in Taiwan Island have been documented originated from mainland China and Japan Islands multiple times and by multiple colonization routes. Moreover, the sequences from mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) have been used as DNA barcoding to identity species. This study used the COI sequences to identify Neocaridina species in Taiwan and examine their geographical and temporal origins.
Results In total, 479 specimens were collected form 35 localities, which almost covers all rivers in Taiwan. The ML tree displayed that all sequences were assorted into 13 taxa (clades), and all sequences in Taiwan were assorted into four clades. The Bayesian skyline plots revealed that these four Neocaridina species in Taiwan declined recently.
Conclusions All results support that (1) there are four Neocaridina species in Taiwan and they correspond to N. davidi , N. saccam , N. ketagalan and an undescribed Neocaridina species ( N. sp .); (2) these four species colonized Taiwan Island by four colonization events; (3) N. sp . colonized Taiwan before the Taiwan Island developed its shape and then restricted in East Taiwan; (4) after the island reached its shape, N. ketagalan and N. saccam colonized Taiwan from Japan Islands and mainland China, respectively; (5) N. davidi colonized northern Taiwan lastly; and (6) the cyclic glacial and landform changes shaped the colonization events and population structures of Neocaridina species.
Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) profile of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekere Ekerette Friday , Useh Monday F. , Okoroiwu Henshaw Uchechi , Mirabeau Tatfeng Youtchou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 is the main HIV co-receptor involved in the virus and cell-to-cell spread. A variant of the CCR5 gene known as CCR5-Δ32 which is a product of 32 base pair deletion in the gene plays critical role in the infection and progression to AIDS. The study was done to determine the CCR5 genotype of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Methods A total of 100 subjects attending HIV clinic, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were purposively recruited for this study. DNA was extracted from each sample using the quick gDNA miniprep DNA extraction kit. Polymerase chain reaction was used in amplification of CCR5 gene in each DNA in a 9700 ABI Thermo cycler and then resolved on 4% agarose gel electrophoresis. Result Out of the 100 samples assessed, 100 (100%) were homozygous for the CCR5 wild type gene (CCR5-wt), while none (0%) was homozygous for the CCR5-Δ32 (mutant type), and heterozygosity was not observed. Conclusion This study observed absence of CCR5-Δ32 deletion gene among the studied subjects in Calabar. This implies lack of genetic advantage in HIV infection and possible rapid progression towards AIDS if other precautions are not checked.
Genome-wide association studies of Shigella spp. and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolates demonstrate an absence of genetic markers for prediction of disease severity
Authors: Hendriks Amber C. A. , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam) , Rossen John W. A. , Dutilh Bas E. , Zomer Aldert L. , Beld Maaike J. C. van den 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

We investigated the association of symptoms and disease severity of shigellosis patients with genetic determinants of infecting Shigella and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), because determinants that predict disease outcome per individual patient could be used to prioritize control measures. For this purpose, genome wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using presence or absence of single genes, combinations of genes, and k-mers. All genetic variants were derived from draft genome sequences of isolates from a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the Netherlands during 2016 and 2017. Clinical data of patients consisting of binary/dichotomous representation of symptoms and their calculated severity scores were also available from this study. To verify the suitability of the used methods, the genetic differences between the genera Shigella and Escherichia were used as control.

Results

The obtained isolates were representative for a population structure as encountered in a Western European country. No association was found between single genes or combinations of genes and separate symptoms or disease severity scores. One potentially associated intergenic region was found using a k-mer approach, however, this turned out to be a false positive. Our benchmark characteristic, genus, resulted in eight associated genes and >3,000,000 k-mers, indicating adequate performance of the used algorithms.

Conclusions

To conclude, using several microbial GWAS methods, genetic variants in Shigella spp. and EIEC that can predict specific symptoms or a more severe course of disease were not identified, suggesting that disease severity of shigellosis is dependent on other factors than the genetic variation of the infecting bacteria. Specific genes or gene fragments of isolates from patients are unsuitable to predict outcomes and cannot be used for development, prioritization and optimization of guidelines for control measures of shigellosis or infections with EIEC.
Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China
Authors: Wang Jinxiang , Sang Lei , Sun Shikun , Chen Yanfeng , Chen Dongjin , Xie Xiping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility.
Results: The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA , fur , hgbB , ompA , ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively.
Conclusions: This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.
Evaluation of small ncRNAs as a possible epigenetic mechanism mediating the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy in the life cycle of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Gonzalez-Tobon Juliana , Rodriguez-Jaramillo Alejandra , Forero Laura Milena , González Laura Natalia , Danies Giovanna , Restrepo Silvia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease of potato and tomato, is responsible for billions of dollars in losses worldwide each year. This plant pathogen is a hemibiotroph, meaning that in the early stages of infection, it feeds on living host tissue, and later in the infection cycle, it kills the host. Even though the transcription dynamics of this transition are well characterized, information on the role of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) during this process is still being obtained. Furthermore, a methodological pipeline useful for searching and analyzing small ncRNAs in this pathogen is needed.
Results: Using the proposed pipeline, a set of 146 small ncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the analyzed samples. From these, 100 small ncRNAs were successfully annotated to specific genes, some of them encoding effector proteins produced by the pathogen during its life cycle. Other molecular regulatory processes, mainly mediated by enzymes and transporters, were also identified.
Conclusions: The pipeline presented here is an easy-to-use, comprehensive and efficient option for analyzing small ncRNA profiles of P. infestans small RNA-seq data sets. Additionally, the results presented here may further contribute to elucidating the specific molecular and epigenetic mechanisms controlling the life cycle of P. infestans.
Associations between echocardiographic manifestations and bacterial species in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study
Authors: Damlin Anna , Westling Katarina , Maret Eva , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Caidahl Kenneth , Eriksson Maria J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background

The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on microbiological analyses and diagnostic imaging of cardiac manifestations. Echocardiography (ECHO) is preferred for visualization of IE-induced cardiac manifestations. We investigated correlations between bacterial infections and IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO.

Methods

In this cohort study, data from patients aged 18 years or above, with definite IE admitted at the Karolinska University Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were obtained from Swedish National Registry of Endocarditis. Bacteria registered as pathogen were primarily selected from positive blood culture and for patients with negative blood culture, bacteria found in culture or PCR from postoperative material was registered as pathogen. Patients with negative results from culture or PCR, and patients who did not undergo ECHO during hospital stay, were excluded. IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO were obtained from the registry. Chi-squared test and two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between categorical variables, and student’s t test was used for continuous numerical variables. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression. Secular trend analyses were performed using linear regression. Associations and the strength between the variables were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 239, 49%) and viridans group streptococci (n = 102, 21%). The most common manifestations were vegetation in the mitral (n = 195, 40%), aortic (n = 190, 39%), and tricuspid valves (n = 108, 22%). Correlations were seen between aortic valve vegetations and Enterococcus faecalis among patients with native aortic valves, between mitral valve vegetations and streptococci of group B or viridans group, between tricuspid valve vegetations and S. aureus among patients with intravenous drug abuse, and between perivalvular abscesses as well as cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-associated IE and coagulase negative staphylococci (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Correlations were found between certain bacterial species and specific ECHO manifestations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of IE manifestations and their underlying bacterial etiology, which pathogens can cause severe infections and might require close follow-up and surgical treatment.
Adverse events associated with continuous interscalene block administered using the catheter-over-needle method: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Tanizima Meishu , Takechi Kenichi , Nakanishi Kazuo , Yorozuya Toshihiro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Continuous interscalene block is widely used for pain management in shoulder surgery. However, continuous interscalene block performed using the catheter-through-needle method is reportedly associated with adverse events such as pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic, phrenic nerve paralysis, and hoarseness. Because we expected that the catheter-over-needle method would reduce these adverse events, we examined cases in which continuous interscalene block was performed using the catheter-over-needle method to determine what adverse events occurred and when.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the anesthesia and medical records of adult patients who underwent catheter insertion to receive a continuous interscalene block performed using the catheter-over-needle method at our hospital from July 2015 to July 2017.
Results: During the surveillance period, 122 adult patients underwent catheter insertion to receive a continuous interscalene block administered using the catheter-over-needle method. No case of pericatheter local anesthetic leakage was observed. Adverse events, such as dyspnea, hoarseness, insufficient anesthetic effect, dizziness, cough reflex during drinking, or ptosis, were observed in 42 patients (34.4%; 95% confidence interval 26–42.7). Most of the adverse events occurred on postoperative day 2. The median time between surgery and the onset of adverse events was 28.5 h.
Conclusions: The catheter-over-needle method may prevent the pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic. However, adverse events occurred in more than one-third of the patients. During continuous interscalene block, patients must be carefully observed for adverse events, especially on postoperative day 2.
Trial registration: This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on August 13th, 2019 (UMIN000037673).