bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance status of Myzus persicae to pesticide and its relationship with enzymes
Authors: Cai Hailin , Yang Liu , Zuo Zhiping , Liao Wenyu , Yang Zhongxia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study determined the resistance to five different insecticides, and assessed the change in enzymes in three Myzus persicae populations in Liuyang, Guiyang, and Longshan tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)‐growing areas in Hunan province, China. The activities of the detoxification, protective, and digestive enzymes were determined using biochemical analysis. Results indicated that the Liuyang population had high resistance to Imidacloprid, and moderate resistance to Aacetamiprid and Cyhalothrin. The Longshan population showed low resistance to Phoxim, while the Liuyang and Guiyang populations both exhibited reduced susceptibility. All three populations exhibited reduced susceptibility to Methomyl. Field populations exhibited higher activity of detoxification enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AchE), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and mixed‐function oxidase (MFO)], protective enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and peroxidase [POD]), and digestive enzymes (amylase [AMS]) than the susceptible population. The Liuyang population showed the highest detoxification, protective, and digestive enzyme activity of all aphid populations. The AchE activity and resistance level to acetamiprid was significantly, positively correlated. The CarE, CAT, and AMS activity and resistance to Imidacloprid were also significantly, positively correlated. The correlation between enzyme activity and resistance to methomyl was negative, except for AchE. When CarE, CAT, and AMS activity was up to 60, aphids exhibited low resistance to Imidacloprid, and when AchE activity was up to 90, aphids exhibited medium resistance to Imidacloprid. These results provide the theoretical basis for predicting regional resistance of M. persicae to Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid, which can be used to delay evolution of resistance of M. persicae to insecticides in the field.
Occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals and agents among healthcare workers in Bhutan
Authors: Rai Rajni , El‐Zaemey Sonia , Dorji Nidup , Fritschi Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures to hazardous chemicals among healthcare workers can result in long‐term adverse health outcomes. Research on such exposures from low‐ and middle‐income countries is limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of exposures to a range of chemicals used in healthcare settings among Bhutanese healthcare workers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers (n = 370) working in three hospitals in the western region of Bhutan. Demographic and occupational information was collected, and exposures to asthmagens, carcinogens, ototoxic and other agents were assessed using a web‐based tool. The prevalence of exposure to these chemicals was calculated and the circumstances resulting in such exposures were examined.ResultsThe prevalence of exposure to one or more asthmagen, carcinogen, and ototoxic agent was 98.7%, 28.1%, and 7.6%, respectively; and was 6.2% for anesthetic gases and 2.2% for antineoplastic drugs. The most common exposures were to latex, and cleaning and disinfecting agents in the asthmagens group; formaldehyde in the carcinogens group; and p‐xylene among ototoxic agents. The circumstances resulting in exposures were using latex gloves, using bleach and chlorhexidine for cleaning, using formaldehyde as a disinfectant and in the laboratory, and using p‐xylene in the laboratory.ConclusionsThe results indicate that a large proportion of Bhutanese healthcare workers are occupationally exposed to chemicals linked to chronic diseases, with exposure prevalence higher than in high‐income countries. The study provides information that can be used to formulate policies and to implement control measures to protect healthcare workers.
Ultra‐rapid emergency genomic diagnosis of Donahue syndrome in a preterm infant within 17 hours
Authors: Bamborschke Daniel , Özdemir Özkan , Kreutzer Mona , Motameny Susanne , Thiele Holger , Kribs Angela , Dötsch Jörg , Altmüller Janine , Nürnberg Peter , Cirak Sebahattin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic diseases are a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The clinical differential diagnosis in severely ill neonates, especially in premature infants, is challenging. Next generation sequencing (NGS) diagnostics is a valuable tool, but the turnaround time is often too long to provide a diagnosis in the time needed for clinical guidance in newborn intensive care units (NICU). To minimize turnaround time, we developed an ultra‐rapid whole genome sequencing pipeline and tested it in clinical practice. Our pilot case, was a preterm infant presenting with several crises of dehydration, hypoglycaemia and hyponatremia together with nephrocalcinosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Whole genome sequencing was performed using a paired‐end 2x75bp protocol. Sequencing data were exported after 50 sequencing cycles for a first analysis. After run completion, the rapid‐sequencing protocol, a second analysis of the 2 x 75 paired‐end run was performed. Both analyses comprised read‐mapping and SNP−/indel calling on an on‐site Edico Genome DRAGEN server, followed by functional annotation and pathogenicity prediction using in‐house scripts. After the first analysis within 17 h, the emergency ultra‐rapid protocol identified two novel compound heterozygous variants in the insulin receptor gene (INSR), pathogenic variants in which cause Donohue Syndrome. The genetic diagnosis could be confirmed by detection of hyperinsulinism and patient care adjusted. Nonetheless, we decided to pursue RNA studies, proving the functional effect of the novel splice variant and reduced expression levels of INSR in patients skin fibroblasts.
Water‐Stable DMASnBr3 Lead‐Free Perovskite for Effective Solar‐Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Romani Lidia , Speltini Andrea , Ambrosio Francesco , Mosconi Edoardo , Profumo Antonella , Marelli Marcello , Margadonna Serena , Milella Antonella , Fracassi Francesco , Listorti Andrea , De Angelis Filippo , Malavasi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater‐stable metal halide perovskites could foster tremendous progresses in several research fields where their superior optical properties can make differences. In this work we report clear evidence of water stability in a lead‐free metal halide perovskite, namely DMASnBr3, obtained by means of diffraction, optical and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such unprecedented water‐stability has been applied to promote photocatalysis in aqueous medium, in particular by devising a novel composite material by coupling DMASnBr3 to g‐C3N4, taking advantage from the combination of their optimal photophysical properties. The prepared composites provide an impressive hydrogen evolution rate >1700 μmol g−1 h−1 generated by the synergistic activity of the two composite costituents. DFT calculations provide insight into this enhancement deriving it from the favorable alignment of interfacial energy levels of DMASnBr3 and g‐C3N4. The demonstration of an efficient photocatalytic activity for a composite based on lead‐free metal halide perovskite in water paves the way to a new class of light‐driven catalysts working in aqueous environments.
One‐Step Azolation Strategy for Site‐ and Chemo‐Selective Labeling of Proteins with Mass‐Sensitive Probes
Authors: Tang Kuei C. , Raj Monika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chemical modification of proteins in a site‐selective manner leads to many advances in various scientific fields. The major challenges with conventional N‐terminal bioconjugation techniques are the lack of universal sequence compatibility and poor mass‐detection sensitivity of the resulting bioconjugates. This approach efficiently analyzes proteolytic fragments and native proteins in a complex mixture. Multiple chemical steps are usually required for the site‐selective synthesis of bioconjugates with enhanced mass‐detection sensitivity. We present a single‐step, versatile strategy for the selective modification of protein N‐termini with mass boosters. The chemical tag enhances the peptide detection by multiple orders thus leading to the unambiguous analysis of the resulting bioconjugates. We demonstrate that tagging proteolytic fragments with mass sensitivity probes in a complex mixture improves the detection of resulting bioconjugates.
Proteomic and metabolomic approach to rationalize the differential mosquito larvicidal toxicity in Bacillus sp. isolated from the mid‐gut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae
Authors: Colvin Domnic , Dhuri Vishnu , Samant Mahesh , Verma Hirday , Lokhande Rama , Kale Avinash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom the distinct wild locations of the Mumbai (India), dead Culex mosquito larvae were collected. The mid‐gut micro‐flora of these dead mosquito larvae was isolated on three different media that were selective for only the Gram‐positive bacteria. These bacteria were tested against the third instar stage of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, cultured in the laboratory, for their larvicidal activity. After performing the toxicity assay four times in duplicates, the average statistical values showed four bacteria exhibiting differential toxicities. Identification of these strains was done by 16S rRNA sequencing and their respective surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The differential toxicities of the four identified Bacillus strains were rationalized by performing differential proteomics and metabolomics approach using LC‐MS and these results were analyzed against customized mosquito larvicidal toxin database which was further compared with the in silico p‐BLAST data of that respective Bacillus sp. from the NCBI database. The presence and significance of the various mosquitocidal toxins in the identified Bacillus sp. are elucidated. The present study also attempted to identify new bacterial species exhibiting mosquitocidal toxicities that have not been reported earlier.
Factors (type, colour, density, and shape) determining the removal of marine plastic debris by seabirds from the South Pacific Ocean: Is there a pattern?
Authors: Hidalgo‐Ruz Valeria , Luna‐Jorquera Guillermo , Eriksen Marcus , Frick Hanna , Miranda‐Urbina Diego , Portflitt‐Toro Matias , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. , Robertson Christopher J.R. , Scofield R. Paul , Serratosa Juan , Suazo Cristián G. , Thiel Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

While floating near the sea surface plastic debris interacts with a number of external factors, including many different organisms. Seabirds have the most extensive documented history of interactions with plastics, through ingestion, entanglement, and nest construction.
In the present study, eight seabird species from the South Pacific Ocean were used as a proxy to determine potential patterns of removal of marine plastic debris, and three hypotheses were tested in relation to their feeding habits and nesting areas.
Plastics from abiotic compartments (Chilean continental coast, South Pacific Gyre, and Rapa Nui beaches) and biotic compartments (surface‐feeding seabirds, diving seabirds, and nesting areas) were compared, according to their type, colour, shape, and density.
Continental beaches had a relatively wide range of colours and shapes, with many non‐buoyant plastics. Samples from the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) beaches comprised mainly hard, rounded, buoyant, and white/grey plastics.
These results indicate that the composition of floating plastics from terrestrial sources changes during transport with oceanic currents, reducing the proportion of prey‐like plastics present in the subtropical gyres.
The stomach contents of surface‐feeding and diving seabirds were dominated by hard, white/grey, and round plastic items, similar to plastics from the SPG, suggesting non‐selective (accidental or secondary) ingestion.
Nesting areas had a more variable composition of brightly coloured plastics, suggesting a pattern of selective removal of plastics by seabirds, probably from oceanic sources.
The present study reveals extensive interactions of seabirds with plastics on a broader scale, which is highly relevant given that the impacts of plastics on seabirds are increasing worldwide, compromising their efficient conservation.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) leaf extracts
Authors: Filip Snežana , Đurović Saša , Blagojević Stevan , Tomić Ana , Ranitović Aleksandra , Gašić Uroš , Tešić Živoslav , Zeković Zoran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to establish the chemical profile of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) leaf extracts, obtained by conventional maceration technique, and to examine its antimicrobial activity. The identification and quantification of the extract compounds were done using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography, with a diode array detector coupled with triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. Thirty‐one polyphenolic compounds were detected and identified in the ethanolic extracts, whereby 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid was found to be the dominant compound. Among other compounds, pentacosane and palmitic acid were the most abundant compounds in the dichloromethane extract. The preliminary antimicrobial activity screening shows that Gram‐positive bacteria tend to be more sensitive to the investigated extracts. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152. From these results, Osage orange leaves can be considered as plant material with significant antimicrobial properties.
The effects of obesity on the human body part II: Nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems
Authors: Dupont Graham , Bordes Stephen J. , Lachkar Stefan , Wahl Lauren , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis second installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body considers the nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems. Those with obesity face countless psychological hurdles in addition to the respiratory burden and widespread inflammation that can suppress the immune system, resulting in the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues.
Challenges of Using Expansion Microscopy for Super‐resolved Imaging of Cellular Organelles
Authors: Büttner Maximilian , Lagerholm Christoffer B. , Waithe Dominic , Galiani Silvia , Schliebs Wolfgang , Erdmann Ralf , Eggeling Christian , Reglinski Katharina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) has been successfully used to improve the spatial resolution when imaging tissues by optical microscopy. In ExM, proteins of a fixed sample are crosslinked to a swellable acrylamide gel, which expands when incubated in water. Therefore, ExM allows enlarged subcellular structures to be resolved that would otherwise be hidden to standard confocal microscopy. Herein, we aim to validate ExM for the study of peroxisomes, mitochondria, nuclei and the plasma membrane. Upon comparison of the expansion factors of these cellular compartments in HEK293 cells within the same gel, we found significant differences, of a factor of above 2, in expansion factors. For peroxisomes, the expansion factor differed even between peroxisomal membrane and matrix marker; this underlines the need for a thorough validation of expansion factors of this powerful technique. We further give an overview of possible quantification methods for the determination of expansion factors of intracellular organelles, and we highlight some potentials and challenges.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling of Chitin Catabolism
Authors: Zegeye Elias K. , Sadler Natalie C. , Lomas Gerard X. , Attah Isaac K. , Jansson Janet K. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Anderton Christopher R. , Wright Aaron T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe microbial catabolism of chitin, an abundant and ubiquitous environmental organic polymer, is a fundamental cog in terrestrial and aquatic carbon and nitrogen cycles. Despite the importance of this critical bio‐geochemical function, there is a limited understanding of the synergy between the various hydrolytic and accessory enzymes involved in chitin catabolism. To address this deficit, we synthesized activity‐based probes (ABPs) designed to target active chitinolytic enzymes by modifying the chitin subunits N‐acetyl glucosamine and chitotriose. The ABPs were used to determine the active complement of chitinolytic enzymes produced over time by the soil bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus treated with various C substrates. We demonstrate the utility of these ABPs in determining the synergy between various enzymes involved in chitin catabolism. The strategy can be used to gain molecular‐level insights that can be used to better understand microbial roles in soil bio‐geochemical cycling in the face of a changing climate.
Defining the role of 17β‐estradiol in human endometrial stem cells differentiation into neuron‐like cells
Authors: Hasanzadeh Elham , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Mahmoodi Narges , Mellati Amir , Nekounam Houra , Basiri Arefeh , Asadpour Shiva , Ghasemi Diba , Ai Jafar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) that can be differentiated into various neural cell types have been regarded as a suitable cell population for neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Considering different interactions between hormones, growth factors, and other factors in the neural system, several differentiation protocols have been proposed to direct hEnSCs towards specific neural cells. The 17β‐estradiol plays important roles in the processes of development, maturation, and function of nervous system. In the present research, the impact of 17β‐estradiol (estrogen, E2) on the neural differentiation of hEnSCs was examined for the first time, based on the expression levels of neural genes and proteins. In this regard, hEnSCs were differentiated into neuron‐like cells after exposure to retinoic acid (RA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and also fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2) in the absence or presence of 17β‐estradiol. The majority of cells showed a multipolar morphology. In all groups, the expression levels of nestin, Tuj‐1 and NF‐H (neurofilament heavy polypeptide) (as neural‐specific markers) increased during 14 days. According to the outcomes of immunofluorescence (IF) and real‐time PCR analyses, the neuron‐specific markers were more expressed in the estrogen‐treated groups, in comparison with the estrogen‐free ones. These findings suggest that 17β‐estradiol along with other growth factors can stimulate and upregulate the expression of neural markers during the neuronal differentiation of hEnSCs. Moreover, our findings confirm that hEnSCs can be an appropriate cell source for cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by enhancing FoxO1 transcription
Authors: Qiu Jiantao , Xiao Huaiteng , Zhou Shunchang , Du Weimin , Mu Xiang , Shi Guangjun , Tan Xueying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have therapeutic potential for certain heart diseases. Previous studies have shown that stem cells inhibit cardiac hypertrophy; however, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured rat cells through isoproterenol (ISO) treatment with or without BMSC coculture. A microarray was performed to analyze messenger RNA expression in response to ISO treatment and BMSC coculture. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of differential genes was closely related to the 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and that the expression of forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) was significantly increased in the presence of BMSCs. Furthermore, we determined the expression levels of p‐AMPK/AMPK and p‐FoxO1/FoxO1 by western blot analysis. The expression of p‐AMPK/AMPK was upregulated, whereas that of p‐FoxO1/FoxO1 was downregulated upon coculturing with BMSCs. The AMPK‐specific antagonist Compound C inhibited the downregulation of p‐FoxO1/FoxO1 induced by the BMSC coculture. Furthermore, treatment with the specific FoxO1 antagonist AS1842856 reduced the inhibitory effects of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Our present study demonstrates the inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by BMSCs, which occurs partly through the AMPK–FoxO1 signaling pathway.
Advances and Fundamental Understanding of Electrocatalytic Methane Oxidation
Authors: Abdelkader Mohamed Aya Gomaa , Zahra Naqviab Syeda Andleeb , Wang Yaobing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMethane utilization is one of the promising energy‐efficient conversions which can potentially control its emissions as an additional benefit. In this regard, electrochemically methane conversion is particularly attractive as a fossil‐free and sustainable strategy to generate power and fuels of global importance. However, it is relatively less explored. This review aims to highlight the feasibility of the electro‐conversion approach via electrocatalytic methane oxidation (EMO) reaction. The recent progress regarding power generation as well as value‐added fuel/chemical production, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, and ketones, is summarized. Additional mechanistic insights to increase the fundamental understanding of the EMO reaction pathways underlying various catalytic modes and their challenges are provided. Theoretical modeling focusing on the reactivity trends and performance kinetics is also presented, along with key recommendations for the material design that need to be addressed. Suggesting some insights on catalysts‐related developing directions and chances in the EMO field is concluded.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitrides with Tuneable Nitrogen Contents and Basicity for Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Ruban Sujanya Maria , Sathish C. I. , Ramadass Kavitha , Joseph Stalin , Kim Sungho , Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. , Young Kim In , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Sugi Yoshihiro , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report on the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon nitrides (MCN) with a 3D porous structure, tuneable nitrogen contents and basicity and their basic catalytic activities on the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. The chemical structure and the nitrogen contents of the materials are finely tuned with the simple adjustment of the calcination temperature from 350 to 550 °C. The samples prepared at 350 and 400 °C exhibit C3N5 structures with 1‐amino/imino‐1,2,4‐triazole moieties, whereas the samples synthesised at 450, 500, and 550 °C possess C3N4 structures with 2‐amino/imino‐1,3,5‐triazine moieties. The materials prepared at the temperature lower than 400 °C show much higher activity than those of the samples prepared at 450, 500 and 550 °C. The change in the catalytic activities of these materials is linked with the change of the structure, nitrogen contents and the functional groups on the surface of the materials prepared at different temperatures. CO2 temperature programme desorption study reveals that 1‐amino/imino‐1,2,4‐triazole moieties in C3N5 samples provide high basicity due to the strain in 5‐membered 1,2,4‐triazole rings; however, the samples with 1,3,5‐triazine moieties have limited basicity which significantly affects the catalytic activity of the material. The optimised C3N5 catalyst shows an enhanced catalytic activity when compared to other mesoporous basic catalysts and C3N4. It is also found that the optimised catalysts are highly stable and can be recycled several times and no major change in the activity is observed.