bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Effects of Eruca sativa Oil, Sodium Carbonate, Lavender Oil and Aloe vera Oil on Lipid Profile and Breast Tumour Markers in Breast Cancer-induced Doxorubicin Treated Female Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmed Diaa Farrag Ibrahim 
Published: February 2020

Background: Lavender oil, Eruca sativa oil and Aloe vera oil contain different types of fatty acids in addition to minerals, vitamins and other compounds which have anti-tumour action and antioxidant properties also it has cure properties against many other diseases. Sodium carbonate is alkaline material that affecting tissue PH and somewhat affecting on breast cancer through changing PH of the tissue making the medium not appropriate for breast cancer induction.
Aim: Is studying the effect of Eruca sativa oil, Sodium carbonate, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil on lipid profile, Tumor markers of breast cancer and thyroid hormones.
Materials and Methods: Six groups of animals, five rats in each were used for this experiment and divided into negative control, positive control, sodium carbonate group, Eruca sativa oil group, lavender oil group and Aloe vera oil group. We induced cancer in all rats by MCF7 breast cancer cell line except negative control. Then all groups (Except positive and negative controls) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 2 mg /rat of adryadox (adryamycin chemotherapy), the remaining three groups except sodium carbonate group are supplemented with 1 ml. of the oil. Then rats are sacrificed and blood is centrifuged to obtain serum and analysis of lipid profile and breast cancer tumour markers.
Results: Eruca sativa oil and Aloe vera decrease cholesterol and triglycerides, where Eruca s. oil, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil increase HDL more than sodium carbonate, Erucas. oil, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil decrease LDL. Eruca s. oil decrease VLDL, sodium carbonate decreases alpha-fetoprotein and Ca15-3.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on the findings of this study, we recommend the use of lavender oil, Eruca sativa oil, Aloe vera oil and sodium carbonate administered at low doses as a helper in cure chemotherapy in treatment of breast cancer because it has useful effect in decreasing tumor markers and lipids and improve heart properties.
Constraints Perceived by Employed Women of Government Sectors in Their Empowerment
Authors: . Priyanka , Tigga A. S. , Patil Shridhar , Kumar Dhananjay 
Published: February 2020

The main objective of this study is to trace out the constraints perceived by married women employed in government sector. The employed women face various challenges at workplace and at home as well. They deal with home and family issues as well as job stress daily. In this study, a sample of 100 employed married women was selected randomly from Sabour block of Bhagalpur district in Bihar – India, and data were collected using face to face interview.
It was found that major constraints perceived by employed women lack the facility of playschool/crèche, frequent job transfers, inability to pay attention to health and spend time on fitness, non-availability of conveyance in case of any emergency, role conflict and inability to give time for household activities, inability to spend time with family members, feeling of gender bias and under-utilization as compare to their male counterparts at workplace. Finding shows that being employed, women still face problems. For curbing their problems attitudes of the employers, policy makers, family members and relatives and the public at large needs to be changed. The study also suggests policy makers to implement the policy of reducing working hours for the employed women, providing day care/crèche facilities for employed mothers so that they can spend time with their children, elders and take care of their health.
Evaluation and Modeling of Corrosion Rate of Selected Roofing Sheets Using Tetraoxosulphate (vi) Acid and Trioxonitrate (v) Acid as Simulated Acid Rain
Authors: Oji Akuma , Okon Akpan, Ifreke 
Published: February 2020

The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, including; Stone Coated, Galvanized, 0.55 m and 0.45 mm Long Span , Aluminum/Zinc sheet using simulated acid rain. The simulated acid rain was from four different molar concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3. The parameter used for the evaluation was a weight loss of the roofing sheet over the study period. Gravimetric analysis technique was adopted for the study. At the end of the study, the result obtained showed that for 1 mole solution H2SO4, 0.45 mm long Span recorded the lowest weight loss of 0.43 g, followed by Cameroon zinc with loss of 0.46 g while 0.55 mm long Span recorded 0.63 g. Stone-coated and galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment. 1 mole solution of HNO3 recorded a similar trend with 0.46 g, 0.36 g, 0.47 g and 3.95 g weight loss for 0.55 mm long Span, Cameroon Zinc, 0.45 mm Long Span and stone Coated sheet respectively while Galvanized sheet melted up before the experiment ends. Stone Coated and Galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment in 0.5 mole H2SO4 while 0.45 mm Long Span, 0.55 mm long span and Cameroon Zinc recorded 0.47 g, 0.5 g and 0.35 g weight loss respectively. Only Galvanized sheet melted up in 0.5 mole of HNO3, 3.5 g, 0.28 g, 0.38 g and 0.3 g weight loss was recorded for stone coated sheet, 0.45 mm long Span, 0.55 mm long Span and Cameroon Zinc respectively. Polynomial model of the fourth order show the best fit for the data. The models obtained for the weight loss and rate of corrosion showed a good fit with R2's ranging from 0.9 and above except for stone coated and galvanized sheets in 1 mole solution of H2SO4 with R2 of 0.782 and 0.8142. It is worthy to note from all the results obtained from the research that high percentage Aluminum base roofing sheet is the best for H2SO4 and HNO3 polluted environment.
Standardization and Stabilization of Millet Milk by Enzyme and Its Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Shunmugapriya K. , Kanchana S. , Maheswari T. Uma , Kumar R. Saravana , Vanniarajan C. 
Published: February 2020

Millets are nutritionally rich and occupy an important place in the diet of people in many regions of the world. Although millets are nutritionally superior to cereals, their utilization as a food is mostly confined to the traditional consumers. So, the present study was undertaken to standardize millet milk from barnyard millet, little millet, kodo millet and finger millet by enzymatic extraction method. Aqueous extract of millet milk was treated with α amylase and pasteurized at 75ºC for 15 minutes. The pasteurized millet milk was evaluated for physical and nutritional parameters. Results showed that the physical properties of developed millet milk have met the requirement of plant-based milk in terms of viscosity (2.32±0.02 to 2.82±0.03). Protein content of millet milk varied from 1.38±.0.03 to 1.12±.0.02 g. Total polyphenols (205.72±0.13 mg/100 ml) and total antioxidant activity (81.64±1.77%) were high for finger millet milk and total flavonoid content was high for barnyard millet milk (96.25±1.88 mg/100 ml). Enzymatic treatment significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factor (phytic acid, tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity) content in millet milk. The enzymatically developed product had high In vitro protein (69.28±0.28 to 85.57±1.39%) and starch digestibility (69.75±0.56 to 63.36±0.12 mg maltose/g). From the results, it was concluded that the current approach provides a convenient way for the production of nutritionally sound millet milk at the household and industrial level.
Effectiveness of Azospirillum brasilense Inoculants to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Micro-region of Curitibanos (SC)
Authors: Balbinot William Gilberto , Gordechuk André Luis , Eutrópio Géssica Rogaleski , Medeiros Cibele , Botelho Glória Regina 
Published: February 2020

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of A. brasilense inoculants to the development of wheat at the southern part of Brazil.
Study Design: The experimental design was randomized block with twelve treatments, containing two liquid inoculants with the A. brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6, with or without nitrogen fertilization and five replicates. The plot area was 4m per 6m and thirty-two rows. The seeds inoculation was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendation, and manual sowing. The top-dressing N fertilization was Urea (Super N- 45%N) at 20 days after emergence (DAE), at 120 kg ha-1 (full dosage) or 60 kg ha-1 (half dosage).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed in a farm in Curitibanos county in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out on July to November 2016.
Methodology: At 45 DAE, it was performed flag leaves N content Tedesco, et al. [1]. At 115 DAE, it was performed dry shoot weight, plant height, ear sizes, grain N contents and grain yield. The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) and media compared by Scott-Knot's test at 5% of significance.
Results: There was no statistical difference for shoot dry weight, plant height, ear size and yield. The N leaf content was greater with Ab-V5 inoculation and half N dosage (HC5 - 109% higher than the control). The N grain content was greater with the two strains (inoculant B) without, half and full N dosage (WC56 - 51%, HCB56 - 76% and CB56 - 65%, respectively).
Conclusion: A. brasilense strains had the ability to increase wheat N accumulation with lower N fertilizing, suggesting their potential as growth inducers, emphasizing the importance of further studies to confirm and understand the mechanisms involved.
Study on Rice Residue Management Options on Growth Parameters and Growth Indices of Rice Crop
Authors: Vijayaprabhakar A. , Durairaj S. Nalliah , Hemalatha M. , Joseph M. 
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted to study the effect of management options for combine harvested rice residue and its effect on succeeding rice crop growth responses. The experiment was laid out in field using a randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated three times. The computed biometric data were subjected to statistical scrutiny. Incorporation of combine harvested rice residue with 25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal + bio-mineralizer (2 kg t-1 of rice residue) and cow dung slurry (5%) recorded higher plant height, number of tillers, dry matter production (DMP), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) of the succeeding rice irrespective of the growth stages. It was closely followed by straw incorporation with 25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal + cow dung slurry (5%). Incorporation of straw alone and removal of straw negatively influenced the rice growth and growth indices. Hence, it is advisable to incorporation of rice residue with additives for better growth and growth indices of rice crop.
Nonswelling, Ultralow Content Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Tunable Gelation Time: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Delplace Vianney , Nickerson Philip E. B. , Ortin‐Martinez Arturo , Baker Alexander E. G. , Wallace Valerie A. , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix and is particularly attractive for cell‐based assays; yet, common crosslinking strategies of HA hydrogels are not fully tunable and bioorthogonal, and result in gels subject to swelling, which affects their physicochemical properties. To overcome these limitations, HA hydrogels based on the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) “click” reaction are designed. By crosslinking two modified HA components together, as opposed to using telechelic components, tunable gelation times as fast as 4.4 ± 0.4 min and as slow as 46.2 ± 1.8 min are achieved for facile use. By optimizing HA molar mass, ultralow polymer content hydrogels of 0.5% (w/v), resulting in minimal (<3–5% mass variation) to nonswelling (<1%), transparent and biodegradable hydrogels are synthesized. To demonstrate their versatility, the newly designed hydrogels are tested as matrices for 3D cell culture and retinal explant imaging where transparency is important. IEDDA hydrogels are cytocompatible with primary photoreceptors and enable multiphoton imaging of embedded retinal explants for double the time (>38 h) than agarose thermogels (<20 h). IEDDA HA hydrogels constitute a new hydrogel platform. They have low polymer content, tunable gelation time, and are stable, thereby making them suitable for a diversity of applications.
Cell‐Derived Extracellular Matrix‐Rich Biomimetic Substrate Supports Podocyte Proliferation, Differentiation, and Maintenance of Native Phenotype
Authors: Satyam Abhigyan , Tsokos Maria G. , Tresback Jason S. , Zeugolis Dimitrios I. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent technologies and available scaffold materials do not support long‐term cell viability, differentiation, and maintenance of podocytes, the ultra‐specialized kidney resident cells that are responsible for the filtration of the blood. A new platform which imitates the native kidney microenvironment by decellularizing fibroblasts grown on surfaces with macromolecular crowding is developed. Human immortalized podocytes cultured on this platform display superior viability and metabolic activity up to 28 days compared to podocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic surfaces. The new platform displays a softer surface and an abundance of growth factors and associated molecules. More importantly, it enables podocytes to display molecules responsible for their structure and function and a superior development of intercellular connections/interdigitations, consistent with maturation. The new platform can be used to study podocyte biology, test drug toxicity, and determine whether sera from patients with podocytopathies are involved in the expression of glomerular pathology.
Electronic Redistribution: Construction and Modulation of Interface Engineering on CoP for Enhancing Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Ruiming , Jiao Lifang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModulating and constructing interface engineering is an efficient strategy to enhance catalytic activity for water splitting. Herein, a hybrid nanoarray structure of V‐CoP@a‐CeO2, where “a” represents amorphous, integrated into carbon cloth is fabricated for water splitting. The synergy effect between V and CeO2 can increase the electron density of Co atoms at active sites, further optimizing the Gibbs free energy of H* adsorption energy (ΔGH*). Besides, V‐CoP@a‐CeO2 possesses lower water adsorption/dissociation energies, enabling accelerated reaction kinetics in alkaline media. As expected, the V‐CoP@a‐CeO2 exhibits superior performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. More importantly, a two‐electrode electrolyzer combined with an electrocatalyst of V‐CoP@ a‐CeO2 only demands that voltages of electrolytic cell are 1.56 and 1.71 V to achieve the current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. This work provides guidance for the design or optimization of materials for water electrolysis and beyond.
Boosting Performance of Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells by 2D g‐C3N4 Doped PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Yang Qing , Yu Shuwen , Fu Ping , Yu Wei , Liu Yong , Liu Xuan , Feng Zhaochi , Guo Xin , Li Can 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs) has exceeded 16% thanks to the development of non‐fullerene acceptor materials and morphological optimization of active layer. In addition, interfacial engineering always plays a crucial role in further improving the performance of OSCs based on a well‐established active‐layer system. Doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) into poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for PM6:Y6‐based OSCs is reported, boosting the PCE to almost 16.4%. After being added into the PEDOT:PSS, the g‐C3N4 as a Bronsted base can be protonated, weakening the shield effect of insulating PSS on conductive PEDOT, which enables exposures of more PEDOT chains on the surface of PEDOT:PSS core‐shell structure, and thus increasing the conductivity. Therefore, at the interface between g‐C3N4 doped HTL and PM6:Y6 layer, the charge transport is improved and the charge recombination is suppressed, leading to the increases of fill factor and short‐circuit current density of devices. This work demonstrates that doping g‐C3N4 into PEDOT:PSS is an efficient strategy to increase the conductivity of HTL, resulting in higher OSC performance.
Accommodation of Silicon in an Interconnected Copper Network for Robust Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Sun Minghao , Yuan Yifei , Wu Qiang , Wang Hongxun , He Yi , Lin Zhan , Zhou Fengli , Ling Min , Qian Chao , Liang Chengdu , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSilicon (Si)‐based materials are one of the most promising anodes to be applied in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. However, the active Si/electrolyte interface causes continuous side reactions and poor conductivity, which significantly decreases the cycling stability. Cu is the only metallic current collector that has been known to promote electron conduction and lithium‐ion transfer without alloying reaction occurrence. However, to the best current knowledge, scalable interface engineering incorporating Cu has not been reported. Herein, this conductive Cu interface (CCI) is constructed through a self‐assembly carbothermic reduction method to achieve efficient protection of Si/electrolyte interfaces while allowing for fast Li+ diffusion. The energy barrier of lithium‐ion diffusion through Cu is calculated to be 0.1965 eV, which is much lower than that through Au, Fe, and Ni films. Benefiting from the enhanced interfacial protection and kinetics of Si with CCI, a fading rate of only 0.068% is maintained for 1000 cycles and an aerial capacity of 4.78 mAh cm−2 is achieved after 280 cycles, which is comparable to the industry standards required for practical application.
An Asymmetric Iron‐Based Redox‐Active System for Electrochemical Separation of Ions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tan Kai‐Jher , Su Xiao , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemically mediated redox‐active processes are gaining momentum as a promising liquid‐phase separation technology. Compared to conventional systems, they offer potential benefits, such as smaller energy footprints, nondestructive operation, reversibility, and tunability for specific analyte removal, with clear applications to societal and industrial challenges like water treatment and chemical synthesis. An asymmetric Faradaic cell heterogeneously functionalized with a metallopolymer at the anode and a hexacyanoferrate material at the cathode is presented for the first time. The redox‐active species' iron centers enhance the electrosorption of heavy metal oxyanions with up to 98% removal in the ppb range, and offer tunable operating windows as low as ≈0.1 V at ≈1 A m−2. By avoiding water splitting, the hexacyanoferrate cathode imparts additional advantages, namely a four‐fold reduction in adsorption energy requirements, full suppression of solution pH increase, and the ability to capture redox‐active catalytic anions such as polyoxometalates without altering their bulk oxidation state. This hybrid framework of a polymeric ferrocene anode and crystalline hexacyanoferrate cathode allows for simultaneous and synergistic uptake of anions and cations, respectively, creating a new asymmetric scheme for water‐based separations, with foreseeable future extension to fields such as ion‐sensing, energy storage, and electrocatalysis.
Simultaneously Realizing Rapid Electron Transfer and Mass Transport in Jellyfish‐Like Mott–Schottky Nanoreactors for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Zehui , Wang Yuankun , Zhang Libo , Wu Hu , Jin Yachao , Li Yuhan , Shi Yuchuan , Zhu Tianxiang , Mao Heng , Liu Jiamei , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFundamental understanding of constructing elevated catalysts to realize fast electron transfer and rapid mass transport in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) chemistry by interface regulation and structure design is important but still ambiguous. Herein, a novel jellyfish‐like Mott–Schottky‐type electrocatalyst is developed to realize fast electron transfer and decipher the structure–mass transport connection during ORR process. Both spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculation demonstrate electrons spontaneously transfer from Fe to N‐doped graphited carbon at the heterojunction interface, thus accelerating electron transfer from electrode to reactant. Dynamic analysis indicates unique structure can significantly improve mass transport of oxygen‐species due to two factors: one is electrolyte streaming effect caused by tentacle‐like carbon nanotubes; the other is effective collision probability in the semi‐closed cavity. Therefore, this Mott–Schottky‐type catalyst delievers superior ORR performance with high onset potential, positive half wave potential, and large current density. It also exhibits low overpotential when serving as an air cathode in Zn–air batteries. This work deepens understanding of the two key factors—electron transfer and mass transport—on determining the kinetic reaction of ORR process and offers a new avenue in constructing efficient Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts.
Autocatalytic Delivery of Brain Tumor–Targeting, Size‐Shrinkable Nanoparticles for Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Zhang Shenqi , Deng Gang , Liu Fuyao , Peng Bin , Bao Youmei , Du Fengyi , Chen Ann T. , Liu Jun , Chen Zeming , Ma Junning , Tang Xiangjun , Chen Qianxue , Zhou Jiangbing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBreast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with breast cancer. Chemotherapy, which is widely used to treat tumors outside of the brain, is often ineffective on BCBMs due to its inability to efficiently cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Although the BBB is partially disrupted in tumor lesions, it remains intact enough to prevent most therapeutics from entering the brain. Here, a nanotechnology approach is reported that can overcome the BBB through synthesis of lexiscan‐loaded, AMD3100‐conjugated, shrinkable nanoparticles (NPs), or LANPs. LANPs respond to neutrophil elastase–enriched tumor microenvironment by shrinking in size and disrupt the BBB in tumors through lexiscan‐mediated modulation. LANPs recognize tumor cells through the interaction between AMD3100 and CXCR4, which are expressed in metastatic tumor cells. The integration of tumor responsiveness, tumor targeting, and BBB penetration that enables LANPs to penetrate metastatic lesions in the brain with high efficiency is demonstrated and, when doxorubicin is encapsulated, LANPs effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Due to their high efficiency in penetrating the BBB for BCBMs treatment, LANPs have the potential to be translated into clinical applications for improved treatment of patients with BCBMs.