bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar energy plant project selection with AHP decision-making method based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic evaluation
Authors: Çoban Veysel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreased energy demand is expected to be met by reliable and continuous energy sources. Renewable energy which is obtained from nature and can continuously reload itself from natural sources is a new generation energy type. The sun, which is the main source of renewable energies and produces heat and electricity by direct and indirect methods, is an important renewable energy source. The installation of solar energy systems takes place under the basic technical, economic and political factors. Alternative solar energy plant projects are evaluated linguistically under the main criteria based on the knowledge and experience of the experts. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms are used to incorporate the uncertain and hesitant expressions into the decision-making process. The decision-making process that takes place with hesitant linguistic expressions in multiple sub-criteria is based on the AHP model. The inclusion of hesitant statements in the decision-making process with the AHP model enables more realistic choices among the alternatives. System technology (0.18), energy policy (0.15) and energy price change (0.13) appear as the most important factors in the pairwise comparison of the factors based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic evaluations. The results coincide with the need for high efficiency in solar energy systems, the importance of governmental supportive policies and the effects of price competition in the energy sector. Also, the closeness of the overall priority values of all projects (0.189, 0.23, 0.287, 0.135, 0.158) indicates that the decision makers take into account the effective factors.
Lederhosen Hernia: First Description and Literature Review
Authors: Awwad Amir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEtymologically, hernia means “to protrude or to bud”. Abdominal wall hernias are frequent findings in adult and children imaging. Hernias are described by grading the size of their sacs as well as detailing their coverings and contents. Clinically, hernias are classified based on their reducibility, either by the experienced surgeon or by the patient, into reducible or irreducible. Pathologically, they vary in their potential to be obstructed, inflamed, or strangulated. A crucial part of managing any hernia is to interpret the imaging features in order to classify its type and assess for complications. Ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most recommended imaging modalities. New generations of CT scans play an important role in elective and emergency hernia management. CT scans offer high reliability and sensitivity due to their easy accessibility, fast acquisition speed, higher resolution, and three-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction (3D-MPR). One of the most interesting aspects about hernias is their historically associated nomenclatures commonly published and used in medical education and surgical practice to specifically diagnose different hernia types. Those nomenclature terms (adjective or physician names), rather than anatomical regions, are by far the longest list of nomenclatures known to a single medical condition. Purposefully, the terms are essential for the identification of hernias by remembering and depicting their anecdotes. Similarly, the case presented here, supported by CT still/cine figures, introduces a new subtype of bilateral inguinal hernias where communicating hernial content and location are reminiscent of a “Lederhosen”.
Assessing Consumer Demand for Georgia Lavender-Based Products
Authors: Berning Joshua , Campbell Benjamin , Buttshaw Joshua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo further improve the understanding of promoting locally grown lavender, we examine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for three lavender-based products: lavender bundles, culinary lavender, and lavender oil. We evaluate an online sample located in the southeast using a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey. Lavender bundles have the highest WTP, followed by oil and culinary lavender. Certain marketing factors result in higher WTP, including product familiarity, familiarity with the Georgia Grown program, and shopping frequency at farmers’ markets. This study provides a better understanding of the opportunity for small-scale farmers to market specialty crops such as lavender.
South Korea’s COVID-19 Infection Status: From the Perspective of Re-positive Test Results After Viral Clearance Evidenced by Negative Test Results
Authors: Kang Yun-Jung 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) started to occur in South Korea by means of inflow of the virus from abroad, when a case from Wuhan, China, was first confirmed on January 19, 2020. Although South Korea has drastically reduced the number of new confirmed cases and is stabilizing the situation with its exemplary disease prevention policies, there remains a problem. These are cases that had shown negative results to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (gene amplification) tests as the COVID-19 virus had become undetectable but turned re-positive after a short period. The Central Clinical Committee determined that these re-positive cases after COVID-19 viral clearance are due to the limits of the test method; it is considered that the genetic material of the “dead virus” remaining in a recovered patient’s body is amplified during the test process. Comprehending the above evidence, re-positive cases of COVID-19 are not infectious; the virus is not even reactivated. However, further research is required as we lack research results on this subject. Until we can be sure, social distancing and other such policies should be maintained.
A Call for Consistency in the Official Naming of the Disease Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Non-English Languages
Authors: Dong Lu , Li Zhe , Fung Isaac Chun Hai 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigated the adoption of World Health Organization (WHO) naming of COVID-19 into the respective languages among the Group of Twenty (G20) countries, and the variation of COVID-19 naming in the Chinese language across different health authorities. On May 7, 2020, we identified the websites of the national health authorities of the G20 countries to identify naming of COVID-19 in their respective languages, and the websites of the health authorities in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Singapore and identify their Chinese name for COVID-19. Among the G20 nations, Argentina, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Turkey do not use the literal translation of COVID-19 in their official language(s) to refer to COVID-19, as they retain “novel” in the naming of this disease. China is the only G20 nation that names COVID-19 a pneumonia. Among Chinese-speaking jurisdictions, Hong Kong and Singapore governments follow the WHO’s recommendation and adopt the literal translation of COVID-19 in Chinese. In contrast, mainland China, Macau, and Taiwan refer to COVID-19 as a type of pneumonia in Chinese. We urge health authorities worldwide to adopt naming in their native languages that are consistent with WHO’s naming of COVID-19.
The influence of minisett size and time of planting on the yield of seed yam (Dioscorea Rotundata)
Authors: Aighewi Beatrice , Maroya Norbert , Mignouna Djana , Aihebhoria Daniel , Balogun Morufat , Asiedu Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn traditional yam (Dioscorea spp.) production systems in West Africa, finding sole seed yam producers is rare and up to 30% of harvested tubers from the ware tuber crop is reserved to plant an equivalent area of the harvested crop during the next season. Many farmers typically must make a trade-off between food and seed in the use of available tubers. A study was carried out using a factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design to investigate the influence of planting different minisett sizes at different planting periods on the yield of seed yam with the aim of improving the availability of this expensive input and saving more ware tubers for food or sale. Results showed that by doubling or tripling the minisett size from 30 to 60 or 90 g, yields of seed yam increased by 61.1 and 103.3%, respectively. The 90 g minisetts had the highest values for all traits studied but had the least sett multiplication ratio. The early planted crop yielded 137% more than the late-planted crop. Significant interactions between minisett size, planting period and season were found. In 2016, although the highest yield of seed tubers was from early planted 90 g minisetts (35.6 t ha−1), the yield of early planted 30 g minisetts (23.8 t ha−1) was similar to those of 60 g planted mid-season (28.7 t ha−1) and 90 g planted late (20.0 t ha−1). To produce a high proportion of seed size tubers with less planting material, early planting of 30 g minisetts is recommended. Such practice will enhance seed tuber availability and food security by saving 1–2 t ha−1 of tubers that would have been used as seed instead of food.
Pre-treatment allostatic load and metabolic dysregulation predict SSRI response in major depressive disorder: a preliminary report
Authors: Hough Christina M. , Bersani F. Saverio , Mellon Synthia H. , Morford Alexandra E. , Lindqvist Daniel , Reus Victor I. , Epel Elissa S. , Wolkowitz Owen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased allostatic load (AL; a measure of physiological costs of repeated/chronic stress-responding) and metabolic dysregulation (MetD; a measure of metabolic health and precursor to many medical illnesses). Though AL and MetD are associated with poor somatic health outcomes, little is known regarding their relationship with antidepressant-treatment outcomes.MethodsWe determined pre-treatment AL and MetD in 67 healthy controls and 34 unmedicated, medically healthy MDD subjects. Following this, MDD subjects completed 8-weeks of open-label selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment and were categorized as ‘Responders’ (⩾50% improvement in depression severity ratings) or ‘Non-responders’ (<50% improvement). Logistic and linear regressions were performed to determine if pre-treatment AL or MetD scores predicted SSRI-response. Secondary analyses examined cross-sectional differences between MDD and control groups.ResultsPre-treatment AL and MetD scores significantly predicted continuous antidepressant response (i.e. absolute decreases in depression severity ratings) (p= 0.012 and 0.014, respectively), as well as post-treatment status as a Responder or Non-responder (p= 0.022 and 0.040, respectively), such that higher pre-treatment AL and MetD were associated with poorer SSRI-treatment outcomes. Pre-treatment AL and MetD of Responders were similar to Controls, while those of Non-responders were significantly higher than both Responders (p= 0.025 and 0.033, respectively) and Controls (p= 0.039 and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that indices of metabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis dysregulation are associated with poorer SSRI-treatment response. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that these markers of medical disease risk also predict poorer antidepressant outcomes.
Robust association between autistic traits and psychotic-like experiences in the adult general population: epidemiological study from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey and replication with the 2014 APMS
Authors: Martinez Anton P. , Wickham Sophie , Rowse Georgina , Milne Elizabeth , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that there are overlapping traits and symptoms between autism and psychosis but no study to date has addressed this association from an epidemiological approach in the adult general population. Furthermore, it is not clear whether autistic traits are associated with specific symptoms of psychosis or with psychosis in general. We assess these associations for the first time by using the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 and the APMS 2014, predicting an association between autistic traits and probable psychosis, and specific associations between autistic traits and paranoia and strange experiences.MethodsParticipants (N = 7353 in 2007 and 7500 in 2014) completed the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) and a 20-item version of the Autism Quotient (AQ-20). Binomial logistic regressions were performed using AQ-20 as the independent variable and probable psychosis and specific symptoms as dependent variables.ResultsIn the APMS 2007 dataset, significant associations were found between autism traits and probable psychosis, paranoia, thought insertion, and strange experiences. These results were replicated in APMS 2014 but with the additional significant association between autistic traits and hallucinations. Participants in the highest quartile of the AQ-20, compared with the lowest quartile, had an increased risk of probable psychosis of odds ratio (OR) = 15.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.57–52.6] in APMS 2007 and OR = 22.5 (95% CI 7.64–66.3) in APMS 2014.ConclusionsAutistic traits are strongly associated with probable psychosis and psychotic experiences with the exception of mania. Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study are discussed.
ASYMPTOTICS OF THE TIME-DISCRETIZED LOG-NORMAL SABR MODEL: THE IMPLIED VOLATILITY SURFACE
Authors: Pirjol Dan , Zhu Lingjiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose a novel time discretization for the log-normal SABR model which is a popular stochastic volatility model that is widely used in financial practice. Our time discretization is a variant of the Euler–Maruyama scheme. We study its asymptotic properties in the limit of a large number of time steps under a certain asymptotic regime which includes the case of finite maturity, small vol-of-vol and large initial volatility with fixed product of vol-of-vol and initial volatility. We derive an almost sure limit and a large deviations result for the log-asset price in the limit of a large number of time steps. We derive an exact representation of the implied volatility surface for arbitrary maturity and strike in this regime. Using this representation, we obtain analytical expansions of the implied volatility for small maturity and extreme strikes, which reproduce at leading order known asymptotic results for the continuous time model.
What Is the Point of the Harshness Objection?
Authors: Albertsen Andreas , Nielsen Lasse 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccording to luck egalitarianism, it is unjust if some are worse off than others through no fault or choice of their own. The most common criticism of luck egalitarianism is the ‘harshness objection’, which states that luck egalitarianism allows for too harsh consequences, as it fails to provide justification for why those responsible for their bad fate can be entitled to society's assistance. It has largely gone unnoticed that the harshness objection is open to a number of very different interpretations. We present four different interpretations of the harshness objection in which the problem pertains to counterintuitive implications, badness of outcome, disproportionality, or inconsistency, respectively. We analyse and discuss appropriate luck egalitarian replies. Disentangling these different versions clarifies what is at the heart of this dispute and reveals the point of the harshness objection. We conclude that only the inconsistency version involves a durable problem for luck egalitarianism.
Acute vasodilator testing following Fontan palliation: an opportunity to guide precision care?
Authors: Day Ronald W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Pulmonary vasodilators improve the functional capacity of some patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, pulmonary vasodilators frequently fail to improve unequivocal endpoints of efficacy in patients with lower pulmonary arterial pressures who have been palliated with a Fontan procedure.Objective:Haemodynamic measurements and the results of acute vasodilator testing in a subset of patients were reviewed to determine whether some patients acutely respond more favourably to sildenafil and might be candidates for precision care with a phosphodiesterase V inhibitor long term.Materials and Methods:Heart catheterisation was performed in 11 patients with a Fontan procedure. Haemodynamic measurements were performed before and after treatment with intravenous sildenafil (mean 0.14, range 0.05–0.20 mg/kg). Results (mean ± standard deviation) were compared by paired and unpaired t-tests to identify statistically significant changes.Results:Sildenafil was acutely associated with changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, transpulmonary gradient, indexed blood flow, and indexed vascular resistance. Changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure were greater for patients with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 14 mmHg compared to patients with a lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Changes in transpulmonary gradient were greater for patients with a transpulmonary gradient greater than 5 mmHg compared to patients with a lower transpulmonary gradient.Conclusion:Sildenafil acutely decreases mean pulmonary arterial pressure and transpulmonary gradient and causes greater acute changes in patients with higher mean pulmonary arterial pressures and transpulmonary gradients. Haemodynamic measurements and vasodilator testing might help to guide precision care following Fontan palliation.
Engaging armed non-State actors on the prohibition of recruiting and using children in hostilities: Some reflections from Geneva Call's experience
Authors: Bongard Pascal , Heffes Ezequiel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the existence of a comprehensive international legal framework protecting children in armed conflict, ensuring its respect by armed non-State actors (ANSAs) still remains an important challenge. This can be linked to several circumstances, such as their lack of knowledge of the law, the absence of an incentive to abide by the applicable rules, their fragmented structure and their lack of capacity to implement the applicable framework. Certain practical cases, however, show that ANSAs’ behaviours may vary throughout armed conflicts. While certain groups have, at a given moment, breached some of their international obligations, others have shown some degree of commitment to respecting children's safeguards. When addressing the prohibition of recruiting and using children in hostilities, the reasons behind these variations have remained insufficiently explored. This article reviews some of the lessons learned from Geneva Call's experience when engaging ANSAs towards their compliance with child protection norms.
Living through war: Mental health of children and youth in conflict-affected areas
Authors: Frounfelker Rochelle L. , Islam Nargis , Falcone Joseph , Farrar Jordan , Ra Chekufa , Antonaccio Cara M. , Enelamah Ngozi , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildren in armed conflict are frequently deprived of basic needs, psychologically supportive environments, educational and vocational opportunities, and other resources that promote positive psychosocial development and mental health. This article describes the mental health challenges faced by conflict-affected children and youth, the interventions designed to prevent or ameliorate the psychosocial impact of conflict-related experiences, and a case example of the challenges and opportunities related to addressing the mental health needs of Rohingya children and youth.
Retroactive Liability in China's Soil Pollution Law: Lessons from Theoretical and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Wang Huanhuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhether companies and shareholders should be held liable for land contamination that occurred prior to the passage of the law imposing liability for such contamination is a complex issue. After a theoretical analysis of the legitimacy of retroactivity in land contamination law, our comparative study shows that most countries have adopted, or tacitly approve of, retroactive liability for land contamination. However, the liability schemes implemented in the countries investigated vary as to the types of obligation, the timing of conduct for which liability is imposed, and the standard of liability, among other factors. The retroactive imposition of liability in China's recently enacted Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution is examined, as well as the roadblocks that still remain, and further improvement based on the theoretical and comparative analysis are considered.
Cannabis Research
Authors: Derks Eske , Verweij Karin , Gillespie Nathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe International Cannabis Consortium (ICC) was founded in 2013 by Jacqueline Vink, Nathan Gillespie, Karin Verweij and Eske Derks. The largest contribution to the first meta-analysis was made by Prof. Nick Martin. The ICC has published two primary publications, in Translational Psychiatry and Nature Neuroscience, and many secondary publications. The study’s principal investigators will always be grateful for Nick’s contribution to science as they would not have been able to do any of this work without the contributions of Nick and others who collected samples. Nick has made unique contributions to the careers of many junior researchers by supporting their development and growth into senior positions.
Data Assimilation‐Based Early Forecasting of Long‐Period Ground Motions for Large Earthquakes Along the Nankai Trough
Authors: Oba Atsuki , Furumura Takashi , Maeda Takuto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong‐period (LP) ground motions with periods of ~2–10 s caused by large earthquakes are strongly amplified in sedimentary basins, posing serious threats to modern cities to cause resonance and damage to skyscrapers, oil storage tanks, long‐span bridges, and other structures with long natural periods. Since the LP ground motions are composed of surface waves traveling for longer distances with much slower speeds than body waves, an alert could be issued by detecting the spread of strong ground motion near the source and before large ground motions occur in distant basins. In this study, an early forecasting of LP ground motions is proposed based on data assimilation of observed ground motions obtained by high‐density, nationwide seismic networks and a computer simulation of the seismic wave propagation using a high‐resolution subsurface structure model. The shaking of the LP ground motions in the distant basins is immediately forecasted by high‐speed supercomputers from current data‐assimilated wavefield. In addition, the forecasting speed is significantly improved by using Green's functions, representing the wave propagation response from the data assimilation stations to a forecast target site. The effectiveness of this data assimilation‐based forecasting of LP ground motions in conjunction with using Green's functions is demonstrated by numerical tests using the observed strong motion records from the 2004 Off Kii Peninsula earthquake in Japan (Mw 7.4) together with synthetic seismograms of anticipated large earthquake scenarios in the Nankai Trough.