bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friend or foe? Differential aggression towards neighbors and strangers in the ant Liometopum microcephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Keresztes Kriszta‐Kincső , Csata Enikő , Lunka Tekla A. , Markó Bálint 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntra‐ and interspecific aggression is quite common in ants, from occasional conflicts to large‐scale territorial disputes. The “nasty neighbor” phenomenon describes the differential aggressive treatment of neighbors versus foreign intruders. Due to the fact that workers of a given colony meet rival neighbors more often at food resources, they treat them as threats to their colony. The reverse can also happen: the “dear enemy” effect arises when an already known rival is treated less aggressively due to accommodation, than an unknown distant one. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of distance on the aggressiveness of Liometopum microcephalum, a territorial arboricolous ant, towards non‐nestmates in two large populations. Our results show that aggression did not increase with distance, but it was higher among neighbors than among workers coming from distant nests. The results of the study are consistent with the nasty neighbor scenario, and do not support the hypothesis that the studied populations would be polydomous systems of interconnected nests.
Composition of hemidesmosomes in basal keratinocytes of normal buccal mucosa and oral lichen planus
Authors: Schreurs Olav , Balta Maria G. , Karatsaidis Andreas , Schenck Karl 
Published: September 2020

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease displaying ultrastructural disturbances in epithelial hemidesmosomes. The expression of several key hemidesmosomal components in OLP as well as in normal buccal mucosa is, however, unknown. The aim of the study was therefore to examine intracellular and extracellular components involved in hemidesmosomal attachment, in OLP (n = 20) and in normal buccal mucosa (n = 10), by immunofluorescence. In normal buccal mucosa, laminin‐α3γ2, integrin‐α6β4, CD151, collagen α‐1(XVII) chain, and dystonin showed linear expression along the basal membrane, indicating the presence of type I hemidesmosomes. Plectin stained most epithelial cell membranes and remained unphosphorylated at S4642. In OLP, most hemidesmosomal molecules examined showed disturbed expression consisting of discontinuous increases, apicolateral location, and/or intracellular accumulation. Plectin showed S4642‐phosphorylation at the basement membrane, and deposits of laminin‐α3 and laminin‐γ2 were found within the connective tissue. The disturbed expression of hemidesmosomal proteins in OLP indicates deficient attachment of the basal cell layer, which can contribute to detachment and cell death of basal keratinocytes seen in the disease.
Fetal morphological features and abnormalities associated with equine early pregnancy loss
Authors: Kahler Anne , McGonnell Imelda M. , Smart Harriette , Kowalski Alycia A. , Smith Ken C. , Wathes D. Claire , de Mestre Amanda M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly pregnancy loss (EPL) occurs in approximately 8% of equine pregnancies, although the aetiology is mostly unknown and embryonic/fetal morphological abnormalities associated with EPL are not defined.ObjectivesTo compare the morphology of EPL to clinically normal embryos/fetuses and previously described embryonic/fetal developmental milestones. To identify morphological abnormalities associated with equine EPL.Study designObservational case‐control study.MethodsEmbryos/fetuses were obtained from clinically normal Thoroughbred and pony pregnancies (n = 11) and following EPL from Thoroughbred mares (n = 27). The crown‐rump length (CRL) of embryos/fetuses was measured and macroscopic morphology and developmental age were determined independently by three blinded examiners. Sagittal sections of EPL (n = 13) and control (n = 6) embryos/fetuses were assessed microscopically. Fisher's exact test was used to determine significance (P < .05) and correlations were expressed by Pearson coefficient.ResultsAge and CRL were strongly positively correlated in clinically normal Thoroughbred and reference (n = 15, R = .9 (95% CI: 0.8‐1.0), R2 = .9, P < .0001) but not EPL embryos/fetuses (n = 19, R = .1 (95% CI: −0.4 to 0.5), R2 = .01, P = .75). Relative to controls, the CRL of EPL embryos/fetuses was smaller, with evidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 3/8 fetuses assessed. In 9/13 EPL embryos/fetuses, nonspecific neural tissue alterations were identified including disruption of developing pros‐, mes‐ and rhombencephalon and the presence of haemosiderin, indicating premortem haemorrhage. Failed neural tube closure was identified in 1/13 EPL embryos/fetuses. Subcutaneous haemorrhage was present in 14/27 EPL embryos/fetuses.Main limitationsAutolysis significantly affected 15/27 EPL embryos/fetuses, excluding them from complete assessment. The IUGR reference cut‐off values were based on a small number of controls.ConclusionsMorphological features associated with equine EPL were a mismatch between embryonic/fetal size and age, and alterations of the developing neural tissue and localised subcutaneous haemorrhage. Failed neural tube closure was confirmed as a rare specific abnormality.
Prediction and evaluation of fatigue life for mechanical components considering anelasticity‐based load spectrum
Authors: Wang Shuci , Liu Xintian , Jiang Changjie , Wang Xu , Wang Xiaolan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo accurately predict the degraded fatigue life of components under random loads, anelasticity effect of metal on life estimation needs to be explored. Weighting coefficient and dynamic elastic modulus are introduced to modify the calculation process of the model. By establishing an equal‐amplitude fatigue median surface and applying Miner linear fatigue cumulative damage theory, a fatigue life prediction model of the component under random loads is proposed. The model can be used to calculate the degraded fatigue life of components, which provides a theoretical basis for life estimation under random load spectrum. The two‐dimensional load spectrum is compared with the unprocessed two‐dimensional load spectrum and the one‐dimensional program spectrum in life prediction results. With the comparison of the target life and simulation life and the data calculated by the model of the automobile front stabilizer bar, it is concluded that the data obtained by the modified model are more reasonable and accurate.
Long‐term warming destabilizes aquatic ecosystems through weakening biodiversity‐mediated causal networks
Authors: Chang Chun‐Wei , Ye Hao , Miki Takeshi , Deyle Ethan R. , Souissi Sami , Anneville Orlane , Adrian Rita , Chiang Yin‐Ru , Ichise Satoshi , Kumagai Michio , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Wu Jiunn‐Tzong , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Sugihara George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how ecosystems will respond to climate changes requires unravelling the network of functional responses and feedbacks among biodiversity, physicochemical environments, and productivity. These ecosystem components not only change over time but also interact with each other. Therefore, investigation of individual relationships may give limited insights into their interdependencies and limit ability to predict future ecosystem states. We address this problem by analyzing long‐term (16–39 years) time series data from 10 aquatic ecosystems and using convergent cross mapping (CCM) to quantify the causal networks linking phytoplankton species richness, biomass, and physicochemical factors. We determined that individual quantities (e.g., total species richness or nutrients) were not significant predictors of ecosystem stability (quantified as long‐term fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass); rather, the integrated causal pathway in the ecosystem network, composed of the interactions among species richness, nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton biomass, was the best predictor of stability. Furthermore, systems that experienced stronger warming over time had both weakened causal interactions and larger fluctuations. Thus, rather than thinking in terms of separate factors, a more holistic network view, that causally links species richness and the other ecosystem components, is required to understand and predict climate impacts on the temporal stability of aquatic ecosystems.
Clinical procedures and outcome of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation – a narrative review
Authors: Plotino G. , Abella Sans F. , Duggal M. S. , Grande N. M. , Krastl G. , Nagendrababu V. , Gambarini G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurgical extrusion is defined as the procedure in which the remaining tooth structure is repositioned at a more coronal/supragingival position in the same socket in which the tooth was located originally. Intentional replantation is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth and after evaluation of root surfaces, endodontic manipulation and repair, placement of the tooth back into its original position. Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the transplantation of an unerupted or erupted tooth in the same individual, from one site to another extraction site or a new surgically prepared socket. The advent of titanium implant rehabilitation has reduced the use of these treatments in day‐by‐day clinical practice; however, the re‐emerging trend to conserve and preserve natural sound tissues has led to a rediscovery of these treatments. All three distinct surgical methods are closely related, as they act to treat teeth that cannot be predictably treated using other more conventional procedures in endodontics, periodontics and restorative dentistry. Furthermore, these procedures share the same treatment approach and include the atraumatic extraction of a tooth, visual inspection of the tooth/root and its subsequent replantation. The clinical procedures for surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation treatment have undergone several changes in recent years, and currently, there are no clear clinical treatment protocols/guidelines available. The clinician should be aware of the outcome of these treatments. Hence, the aim of this narrative review is to provide the background, clinical procedures and outcomes of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation.
Effects of low and high doses of fenofibrate on protein, amino acid, and energy metabolism in rat
Authors: Holeček Milan , Vodeničarovová Melita 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA feared adverse effect of dyslipidaemia therapy by fibrates is myopathy. We examined the effect of fenofibrate (FF) on protein and amino acid metabolism. Rats received a low (50 mg/kg, LFFD) or high (300 mg/kg, HFFD) dose of FF or vehicle daily by oral gavage. Blood plasma, liver, and soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were analysed after 10 days. The FF‐treated rats developed hepatomegaly associated with increased hepatic carnitine and ATP and AMP concentrations, decreased protein breakdown, and decreased concentrations of DNA and triglycerides. HFFD increased plasma ALT and AST activities. The weight and protein content of muscles in the HFFD group were lower compared with controls. In muscles of the LFFD group there were increased ATP and decreased AMP concentrations; in the HFFD group AMP was increased. In both FF‐treated groups there were increased glycine, phenylalanine, and citrulline and decreased arginine and branched‐chain keto acids (BCKA) in blood plasma. After HFFD there were decreased levels of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA; valine, leucine and isoleucine), methionine, and lysine and increased homocysteine. Decreased arginine and increased glycine concentrations were found in both muscles in FF‐treated animals; in HFFD‐treated animals lysine, methionine, and BCAA were decreased. We conclude that FF exerts protein‐anabolic effects on the liver and catabolic effects on muscles. HFFD causes signs of hepatotoxicity, impairs energy and protein balance in muscles, and decreases BCAA, methionine, and lysine. It is suggested that increased glycine and decreased lysine and methionine levels are due to activated carnitine synthesis; decreased BCAA and BCKA levels are due to increased BCAA oxidation.
Effect of nano CuO addition on the tribo‐mechanical behavior of alumina ceramics in non‐conformal contact
Authors: Haldar Partha , Bhattacharya Tapas Kumar , Modak Nipu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSintering of alumina from 1500°C to 1650°C and tribo‐mechanical properties at room temperature had been investigated using nano CuO as a sintering aid. Bulk density gradually increases with sintering temperature from 1500°C to 1600°C and is optimized at 1600°C, beyond this, bulk density does not significantly increase at 1650°C. The addition of 2 wt% CuO showed the best result on densification. Densification of about 97.74% was attained at 1600°C with the incorporation of 2 wt% CuO. Nano CuO at grain boundaries forms CuAl2O4 liquid which modifies the morphology of the grain and improves mechanical properties. The formation of self‐lubricating tribo‐film on the wear track results in a low coefficient of friction <0.2 and reduces specific wear rate. 4 wt% CuO addition increases contact tensile stress (σmax) by 51.2% and high Hertzian contact pressure (Pmax≈1.51 GPa) causes plastic deformation of wear track. The re‐solidified strengthening bond phase on the wear track simultaneously increases in friction coefficient and wear resistance with CuO addition. The optimizing effect of CuO addition shows that 2 wt% significantly decreases wear rate, and increases hardness and fracture toughness.
Peripheral blood morphology review and diagnostic proficiency evaluation by a new Spanish EQAS during the period 2011‐2019
Authors: Alcaraz‐Quiles José , Molina Ángel , Laguna Javier , Rodríguez‐García María , Gutiérrez Gabriela , Luis Bedini José , Merino Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Spanish Haematology and Haemotherapy Society organizes peripheral blood smear review scheme, focused on the evaluation of diagnostic proficiency of participants by blood cell morphology analysis. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of this scheme as an educational tool to improve the diagnostic proficiency of the participants.MethodsDuring 2011‐2019, 54 peripheral blood smears, alongside with patient details such as age, sex, blood cell counts and relevant clinical information, were sent to an average of 125 ± 13 laboratories per year. A number of 44 shipments were selected to analyse whether successive surveys of the same disease may lead to an improvement in the diagnostic success rate proposed by the laboratories. Participants were asked to select the most relevant morphological abnormalities, alongside the diagnostic orientation. Agreement of participant responses with RR was evaluated.ResultsSpanish laboratories showed a diagnostic proficiency greater than 80% in acute myeloid leukaemia, including acute promyelocytic leukaemia, mature B‐cell neoplasms (hairy cell leukaemia and splenic marginal zone lymphoma), chronic myeloid leukaemia, sickle cell disease, Bernard‐Soulier syndrome and infectious mononucleosis. It was important to note the significant improvement over the time in the successive shipments of the same disease, with a 31% and 13% increase in their diagnostic orientation success rate for acute myeloid leukaemia and acute promyelocytic leukaemia cases, respectively, 15% for mantle cell lymphoma and 6% for sickle cell disease.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that peripheral blood smear review scheme can be a valid educational tool to improve the clinical pathologist skills in blood morphology and haematological diagnosis.
Parenting andsocial‐ecologicalcorrelates with children's health behaviours: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Fu Emily , Grimm Kevin J. , Berkel Cady , Smith Justin D. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundPaediatric obesity poses dangers to children's short and long‐term health. Multi‐level ecological models posit how children's health behaviours are influenced by interpersonal relationships.ObjectivesTo identify profiles of individual and interpersonal health behaviours and parenting skills among caregivers and their children with elevated BMI.MethodsParticipants were 240 children (63.7% Latino) ages 5 to 12 years with body mass index ≥85th percentile and their caregivers in a paediatric weight management intervention trial. A latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles among caregiver report of parenting skills; child physical activity, eating behaviours, and food and beverage choices; family mealtime, media and sleep routines; and parent health behaviours, and associations with food and housing insecurity.ResultsA three‐class model was chosen based on conceptual interpretation and model fit. Profiles were differentiated by parenting skills, child food choices, child physical activity habits, family mealtime, media, and sleep routines, and parent health behaviours. Food and housing insecurity were associated with class membership while child and caregiver anthropometrics were not.ConclusionsDistinct profiles existed among this low‐income, racially/ethnically diverse sample of children with elevated BMI. Such findings emphasize the importance of assessing individual and interpersonal influences and contextual factors on childhood obesity.
Does self‐verifying behavior in job interviews help secure job offers, even if it reveals negative information about the self?
Authors: Wilhelmy Annika , Stühlinger Manuel , Kim Kawon , Taphuntsang Dolker , König Cornelius J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough research demonstrates that self‐verification striving can have positive outcomes in the hiring process, it remains unclear how this drive to present oneself authentically manifests in candidates’ behavior during job interviews. We examine whether self‐verifying behavior, including revelation of negative information about the self, is related to success in job interviews. Study 1 showed that self‐verification striving among 112 MBA students predicted their self‐verifying behavior during mock job interviews, which in turn led to success in converting interviews into actual offers 6 months later. Using a sample of 102 recent job seekers, Study 2 showed that self‐verification striving was associated with the extent to which candidates disclosed negative information about themselves during real job interviews, ultimately predicting their interview success.
Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker and International Mobility Programs: Charting Change and Continuity Among Source Countries
Authors: Chartrand Tyler , Vosko Leah F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article analyses contemporary developments in top source countries of Canada's temporary migrant worker programmes, the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) and International Mobility Program (IMP). An analysis of administrative data and policy suggests that most temporary migrant workers from key source countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are present in Canada under highly restrictive conditions of the TFWP, largely as agricultural workers. Simultaneously, most temporary migrant workers from key source countries in Europe and Asia migrate to Canada under the growing IMP, comprised of a diverse set of subprogrammes which, in some cases, have the potential to perpetuate conditions associated with exploitation identified historically with the TFWP. At the same time, unprecedented levels of temporary migrant workers from India and China are being granted open work permits in Canada, raising questions about how racialization and colonial pasts intertwine with this fast‐growing and under‐studied side of temporary labour migration.
Effect of TiO2 and 11 minor elements on the reactivity of ground‐granulated blast‐furnace slag in blended cements
Authors: Blotevogel Simon , Steger Laurent , Hart Daniel , Doussang Lola , Kaknics Judit , Poirier Mathilde , Bornhöft Hansjörg , Deubener Joachim , Patapy Cedric , Cyr Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGround‐granulated blast‐furnace slags (GGBS) are glasses (>99%) of the CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 compositional system and are widely used as supplementary cementitious materials. Differences in reactivity of GGBS were screened by modifying the content of 12 minor elements (namely Ba, Ce, Cs, Cr, K, Mn, P, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zr). Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that most elements entered the silicate glass matrix, only Sn was reduced to its metallic form and P accumulated in minor minerals. Mortar strength tests showed that 2 day compressive strength was reduced by >50% for a TiO2 content of 2.5 wt% in the slag. At 28 days the loss in compressive strength was still >40%. Calorimetric tests on other element additions showed that the content of network modifiers (Ba, Cs, K and Sr) and GGBS reactivity are positively correlated, whereas Ce, Cr, V, and Zr significantly decreased reactivity. Finally, it is shown that these effects can be estimated by the concentration and the weighted field strength of the added element.
Computer‐mediated intervention to foster prosocial ability among children with autism
Authors: Eden Sigal , Oren Atara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study refers to the social aspect of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and focuses on pro‐social behaviour that has a positive effect on social adaptability. The first goal of the study was to determine whether there is a gap in prosocial‐behaviour between children with High‐Functioning ASD (HFASD) and children with typical‐development; and secondly, to foster prosocial‐behaviour with a computer‐mediated intervention versus a non‐computer‐mediated intervention. The study comprises 58 preschool children, divided into three groups: HFASD experiencing a computer‐mediated intervention, HFASD experiencing a non‐computer‐mediated intervention, and typically‐developing children with no intervention. The 2‐month intervention was based on the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy model, and pairs of children learned how to solve social‐problems. Following preliminary screening tests (PPVT; SCQ), observations designed to evaluate prosocial‐ability and Vineland questionnaires measuring prosocial‐behaviour were conducted pre‐ and post‐intervention. Pre‐intervention findings indicated that children with typical‐development exhibited higher prosocial‐behaviour than children with HFASD. This changed however, post‐intervention, as the gap between the two groups decreased. Additionally, the study found that the computer‐mediated intervention group improved in some prosocial measures compared to the non‐computer‐mediated intervention.
Benefits of Avène thermal hydrotherapy in chronic skin diseases and dermatological conditions: an overview
Authors: Nocera T. , Jean‐Decoster C. , Georgescu V. , Guerrero D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe beneficial effects of Avène Thermal Spring Water (TSW), a low mineral content spring water, on chronic skin diseases have been recognized for more than two centuries. This article provides a brief overview of efficacy and tolerance data for Avène TSW from clinical studies conducted at the Avène Hydrotherapy Center in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases or temporary skin injuries. Avène TSW hydrotherapy is effective as adjuvant management for chronic skin diseases and dermatological conditions, relieving subjective and physical symptoms with excellent tolerance.