bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Indian Stroke Scale: Development and validation of a scale to measure participation in daily activities among patients with stroke in India
Authors: Prakash V , Ganesan Mohan 
Published: December 2020

Background Prospects of a participation measure to be valid across cultures are debatable. Existing stroke outcome measures had been shown to have limited validity when used within Indian sociocultural contexts. Aim To develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure of participation in daily activities appropriate for patients with stroke living in an Indian sociocultural context. Methods The scale was developed in two phases: scale development and psychometric testing. Items were derived from a conceptual framework of participation in daily activities of patients who had experienced stroke within an Indian context. The final version of the scale consisted of 25 items. A total of 377 patients diagnosed with stroke were recruited from two tertiary care hospitals and five physiotherapy outpatient rehabilitation centers in India. Psychometric testing of the scale included investigation of internal consistency, unidimensionality, construct validity (known group and convergent validity), and test–retest reliability. Results The scale items demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .94). Confirmatory factor analysis results showed acceptable goodness of fit. The scale has shown good construct validity and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). The scale differentiated patients with low and high disability severity (mean difference = 34, 95% CI = 27 to 39) and moderately associated with physical and instrumental activities of daily living ( r = 0.64, p < .001) and social participation domains of stroke impact scale ( r = 0.44, p < .001) and Barthel index ( r = 0.59, p < .001). Conclusion The Indian Stroke Scale has shown preliminary evidence of validity to support its use as a patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating poststroke participation in daily activities among patients with stroke in India.
Timing of Bisphosphonate Initiation After Fracture: What Does the Data Really Say?
Authors: Barton David W. , Smith C. Taylor , Piple Amit S. , Moskal Sterling A. , Carmouche Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Osteoporosis is often not clinically recognized until after a fracture occurs. Individuals who have 1 fracture are at increased risk of future fractures. Prompt initiation of osteoporosis treatment following fracture is critical to reducing the rate of future fractures. Antiresorptives are the most widely used class of medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Many providers are hesitant to initiate antiresorptives in the acute post-fracture period. Concerns include interference with bone remodeling necessary for successful fracture healing, which would cause increased rates of non-union, malunion, and refracture. While such concerns should not extend to anabolic medications, physicians may also hesitate to initiate anabolic osteoporosis therapies due to high cost and/or lack of familiarity. This article aims to briefly review the available data and present a digestible narrative summary to familiarize practicing orthopaedic surgeons with the essential details of the published research on this topic. Results: The results of 20 clinical studies and key pre-clinical studies related to the effect of anti-resorptive medications for osteoporosis on fracture healing are summarized in the body of this narrative review. Discussion & Conclusions: While few level I studies have examined the impact of timing of initiation of osteoporosis medications in the acute post-fracture period, the few that have been published do not support these concerns. Specifically, data from level I clinical trials indicate that initiating bisphosphonates as early as 2 weeks post-fracture does not increase rates of non-union or malunion. By reviewing the available data, we hope to give clinicians the confidence to initiate osteoporosis treatment promptly post-fracture.
Registered nurses’ experiences of providing respiratory care in relation to hospital- acquired pneumonia at in-patient stroke units: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Borglin Gunilla , Eriksson Miia , Rosén Madeleine , Axelsson Malin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to describe registered nurses’ (RNs) experiences of providing respiratory care in relation to hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), specifically among patients with acute stroke being cared for at in-patient stroke units.

Background
One of the most common and serious respiratory complications associated with acute stroke is HAP. Respiratory care is among the fundamentals of patient care, and thus competency in this field is expected as part of nursing training. However, there is a paucity of literature detailing RNs’ experiences with respiratory care in relation to HAP, specifically among patients with acute stroke, in the context of stroke units. As such, there is a need to expand the knowledge base relating to respiratory care focusing on HAP, to assist with evidence-based nursing.

Design
A qualitative descriptive study.

Method
Eleven RNs working in four different acute stroke units in Southern Sweden participated in the current study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and the transcribed interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results
Three overarching categories were identified: (1), awareness of risk assessments and risk factors for HAP (2) targeting HAP through multiple nursing care actions, and (3) challenges in providing respiratory care to patients in risk of HAP. These reflected the similarities and differences in the experiences that RNs had with providing respiratory care in relation to HAP among in-patients with acute stroke.

Conclusions
The findings from this study suggest that the RNs experience organisational challenges in providing respiratory care for HAP among patients with acute stroke. Respiratory care plays a vital role in the identification and prevention of HAP, but our findings imply that RNs’ knowledge needs to be improved, the fundamentals of nursing care need to be prioritised, and evidence-based guidelines must be implemented. RNs would also benefit from further education and support, in order to lead point-of-care nursing in multidisciplinary stroke teams.
COVID-19 update: the first 6 months of the pandemic
Authors: Novelli Giuseppe , Biancolella Michela , Mehrian-Shai Ruty , Erickson Caroline , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Vasiliou Vasilis , Watt Jessica , Reichardt Juergen K. V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the world and will feature prominently in all our lives for months and most likely for years to come. We review here the current state 6 months into the declared pandemic. Specifically, we examine the role of the pathogen, the host and the environment along with the possible role of diabetes. We also firmly believe that the pandemic has shown an extraordinary light on national and international politicians whom we should hold to account as performance has been uneven. We also call explicitly on competent leadership of international organizations, specifically the WHO, UN and EU, informed by science. Finally, we also condense successful strategies for dealing with the current COVID-19 pandemic in democratic countries into a developing pandemic playbook and chart a way forward into the future. This is useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic and, we hope, in a very distant future again when another pandemic might arise.
Development of hip protectors for snowboarding utilizing 3D modeling and 3D printing
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Lee Heeran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a highly comfortable 3D male hip protector using 3D modeling and printing technologies. The hip protector pads and patterns were devised using 3D human body shapes, and three types of pads were chosen in consideration of snowboarding motions. The three types of pads were as follows: first, the original type with no hole; second, an inner open type with an incision on the inside; and third, an outer open type, with an incision on the outside. Another variable of the protective pads was the material: 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pad + ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) foam or only EVA foam. Six types of pad prototypes were 3D printed and evaluated for subjective wearing comfort. Subjective comfort, fit, activity comfort, and shock absorption were evaluated on an 11-point Likert scale. The study results showed that protectors printed using TPU material were not different from the results of 3D modeling. The evaluation results revealed that comfort, fit, and motion comfort were all negatively evaluated by subjects when wearing the original pad. While fit, comfort, and motion comfort were all positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the outer open-type pad, and comfort and motion comfort were positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the inner open-type pad. With respect to materials, pads made with the 3D printing (TPU) and EVA foam combination provided the best results in terms of overall comfort, buttocks comfort, and activity comfort.
Real-time Big Data Analytics Framework with Data Blending Approach for Multiple Data sources in Smart City Applications
Authors: S Manjunatha , B Annappa 
Published: December 2020

Advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has to lead tothe continuous generation of a large amount of data. Smart city projects are being implemented in various parts of the world where analysis of public data helps in providing a better quality of life. Data analytics plays a vital role in many such data-driven applications. Real-time analytics for finding valuable insights at the right time using smart city data is crucial in making appropriate decisions for city administration. It is essential to use multiple data sources as input for the analysis to achieve better and more accurate data-driven solutions. It helps in finding more accurate solutions and making appropriate decisions. Public safety is one of the major concerns in any smart city project in which real-time analytics is much useful in the early detection of valuable data patterns. It is crucial to find early predictions of crime-related incidents and generating emergency alerts for making appropriate decisions to provide security to the people and safety of the city infrastructure. This paper discusses the proposed real-time big data analytics framework with data blending approach using multiple data sources for smart city applications. Analytics using multiple data sources for a specific data-driven solution helps in finding more data patterns, which in turn increases the accuracy of analytics results. The data preprocessing phase is a challenging task in data analytics when data being ingested continuously in real-time into the analytics system. The proposed system helps in the preprocessing of real-time data with data blending of multiple data sources used in the analytics. The proposed framework is beneficial when data from multiple sources are ingested in real-time as input data and is also flexible to use any additional data source of interest. The experimental work carried out with the proposed framework using multiple data sources to find the crime-related insights in real-time helps the public safety solutions in the smart city. The experimental outcome shows that there is a significant increase in the number of identified useful data patterns as the number of data sources increases. A real-time based emergency alert system to help the public safety solution is implementedusing a machine learning-based classification algorithm with the proposed framework. The experiment is carried out with different classification algorithms, and the results show that Naive Bayes classification performs better in generating emergency alerts.
ДИНАМИКА МАССОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors: Kozlova Yulia Vladislavovna , Savchenko Irina Aleksandrovna , Gorokhova Anna Mikhaylovna 
Published: December 2020

Социальные процессы в новых условиях во многом определяются той картиной реальности, которая формируется в массовом сознании, теми смыслами, ожиданиями, ориентирами, которые в нем актуализируются. Пандемия вируса COVID-19 в 2020 году спровоцировала активные трансформации массового сознания, которые содержат в себе как угрозы конструктивному развитию общества, так и новые возможности социальной динамики.Целью исследования является понимание специфики сознания нового типа, которое условно можно назвать пандемическим или, в перспективе, – постпандемическим.Основные задачи:– анализ общетеоретических и публицистических источников по вопросам развития и трансформации массового и глобального сознания;– систематизация данных о социальных, психологических, социокультурных процессах, сопровождающих пандемию;– выявление возможных негативных тенденций в динамике массового и глобального сознания, вызванных пандемией COVID-19;– оценка конструктивного потенциала общественного развития после пандемии.Методы и методология исследования. Исследование проводилось с использованием общенаучных методов анализа, обобщения, аналогии и сравнения в рамках диалектического, культурно-исторического и междисциплинарного подходов.Результаты. Проведён анализ отечественных и зарубежных исследований в области эпидемиологии, социологии, политологии, коммуникативистики, психологии и маркетинга, что позволило сформировать концептуальное видение массового (глобального) сознания как феномена. Дана содержательная характеристика динамики массового сознания в условиях пандемии, установлены адаптационные, социальные и коммуникативные аспекты общественных изменений, сопутствующих распространению COVID-19. Выявлен биосоциальный характер происходящих в обществе трансформаций.Результаты исследования могут быть применены при создании рекомендаций по изучению состояния общественного мнения по актуальным темам, в организации социально-значимых мероприятий, в создании баз знаний, вебинаров и учебных пособий социально-коммуникативного блока.
EDUKASI TENTANG AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN MAKAN BERANEKA RAGAM UNTUK HIDUP LEBIH SEHAT
Authors: Handayani Lina , Meirandika Andi Jefry , Apriyanti Hajijah , Aeni Annisa Qurrotul , Yuniastuti Risti Evi , Nugrahani Anne Dian , Prasetyo Fajar Adjie 
Published: December 2020

Aktivitas fisik merupakan suatu kegiatanÂ menggerakkan anggota tubuh supaya lebih sehat. Aktivitas fisik sangat perlu dilakukan oleh mayarakat, karena dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik dapat meminimalisir terjadinya penyakit. Akan tetapi, saat ini masih banyak masyarakat yang belum sadar mengenai pentingnya aktivitas fisik bagi kesehatan. Melihat pentingnya aktivitas fisik untuk kesehatan tersebut sangatlah perlu dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Rendahnya kegiatan aktivitas fisik apabila terus dibiarkan, akan menjadi masalah yang harus segera ditanggulangi. Makan beraneka ragam merupakan pemenuhan zat gizi untuk bisa terpenuhinya sumber zat tenaga, zat pembangun, dan zat pengatur. Makanan yang beragam menggunakan berbagai jenis bahan makanan yang dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, masih perlu adanya edukasi kepada masyarakat untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tentang aktivitas fisik dan makan beraneka ragam. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan edukasi program kesehatan kepada masyarakat tentang aktivitas fisik dan makan beraneka ragam supaya hidup menjadi lebih sehat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode ceramah berupa kegiatan penyuluhan (diskusi dan tanya jawab), kegiatan senam, serta kegiatan pemasangan spanduk. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilaksanakan berjalan dengan lancar dan baik. Ibu-ibu yang hadir dalam kegiatan tersebut mempunyai antusias yang tinggi serta sangat aktif dalam mengikuti program yang telah dilakukan. Dengan adanya program pengabdian masyarakat masyarakat menjadi lebih mengetahui akan pentingnya aktivitas fisik dan makan beraneka ragam.
Alkaline Hydrolysis of Swine Mortalities and Using Hydrolysates to Grow Lettuce Hydroponically
Authors: Akdeniz Neslihan , Yi Shuqi 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsAlkaline hydrolysis is an effective way of managing livestock carcasses.The hydrolysates can be aerobically treated to prepare a nutrient solution.Mixing the nutrient solution with a traditional fertilizer increases lettuce quality.The fertilizer expenses of hydroponic lettuce growth can be reduced by 50%.Abstract. Animal mortality management is an essential part of livestock production. Choosing a proper method to handle mortalities is essential for preventing the spread of animal diseases and maintaining the sustainability of livestock facilities. The objectives of this study were (1) to test the efficacy of alkaline hydrolysis at ambient conditions to dispose of piglet mortalities, and (2) to demonstrate if the hydrolysates of the alkaline hydrolysis process could be used to grow lettuce hydroponically. Three alkaline concentrations (1M, 2M, and 4M) were tested to hydrolyze piglet mortalities. The pH of all alkaline solutions stayed above 12.8 for 31 days, which could eliminate all the pathogens that might concern swine producers based on previous studies. The hydrolysates were neutralized using corn silage with a pH of 3.9 ±0.2 and aerobically treated for 15 days. After aerobic treatment, mixing 20× diluted hydrolysates with 2× diluted control (commercially available fertilizer) provided the highest yields (on average, 18.2% more fresh weight compared to control). This mixture also yielded the highest chlorophyll and total soluble sugar content. We concluded that alkaline treatment of piglet mortalities at ambient temperature and pressure was feasible, and the neutralized and aerobically treated hydrolysates could be used to grow lettuce, reducing the risk of environmental releases. Keywords: Alkaline hydrolysis, Hydroponic, Hydrolysate, Livestock, Mortality, Real-time sensors.
Beyond speculation: using speculative methods to surface ethics and positionality in design practice and pedagogy
Authors: Levick-Parkin Melanie , Stirling Eve , Hanson Maria , Bateman Roger 
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the relationship between speculative design and ethics, both within and beyond the context of design pedagogic research. It examines some our struggles in, and motivations for, engaging with speculative methods in design as design scholars and practitioners, by reflecting on research which aimed to explore whether speculative, future facing design curricula would have an impact on raising design students’ awareness of design’s agency, beyond the micro-environment of specific design disciplines or disciplinary industrial contexts.
We draw on feminist theory and critique to go on to argue that speculative methods could help the design discipline to break out of its oft wilful ontological blindness but, in order to fulfil their full critical and transformative potential, foundational ethics, and questions of positionality, require equal status around the table. If speculation is to facilitate the surfacing of issues around positionality and foundational ethics within the design curriculum and beyond, contestations central to feminist critique such as ‘what futures and whose futures’ are needed.
Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin is a risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a natural history cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Thailand
Authors: Yanagisawa Kunio , Wichukchinda Nuanjun , Tsuchiya Naho , Yasunami Michio , Rojanawiwat Archawin , Tanaka Hidenori , Saji Hiroh , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Handa Hiroshi , Pathipvanich Panita , Ariyoshi Koya , Sawanpanyalert Pathom 
Published: December 2020

Background
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity; however, its impact on susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs) has not yet been examined in a natural history cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods
We used archived samples to analyze the association between MBL expression types and risk of major OIs including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), cryptococcosis, talaromycosis, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis in a prospective cohort in Northern Thailand conducted from 1 July 2000 to 15 October 2002 before the national antiretroviral treatment programme was launched.

Results
Of 632 patients, PCP was diagnosed in 96 (15.2%) patients, including 45 patients with new episodes during the follow-up period (1006.5 person-years). The total history of PCP was significantly associated with low MBL expression type: high/intermediate (81/587, 13.8%), low (10/33, 30.3%) and deficient (5/12, 41.7%) (p = 0.001), whereas the history of other OIs showed no relation with any MBL expression type. Kaplan–Meier analysis (n = 569; log-rank p = 0.011) and Cox’s proportional hazards model revealed that deficient genotype dramatically increased the risk of PCP, which is independent upon sex, age, CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and hepatitis B and C status (adjusted hazard ratio 7.93, 95% confidence interval 2.19–28.67, p = 0.002).

Conclusions
Deficiency of MBL expression is a strong risk factor determining the incidence of PCP but not other major OIs.
Hemodynamic and metabolic recovery in acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock is more rapid among patients presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Josiassen Jakob , Lerche Helgestad Ole Kristian , Møller Jacob Eifer , Kjaergaard Jesper , Hoejgaard Henrik Frederiksen , Schmidt Henrik , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Holmvang Lene , Ravn Hanne Berg , Hassager Christian 
Published: December 2020

Background
Most studies in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) include patients presenting with and without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim was to compare OHCA and non-OHCA AMICS patients in terms of hemodynamics, management in the intensive care unit (ICU) and outcome.

Methods
From a cohort corresponding to two thirds of the Danish population, all patients with AMICS admitted from 2010–2017 were individually identified through patient records.

Results
A total of 1716 AMICS patients were identified of which 723 (42%) presented with OHCA. A total of 1532 patients survived to ICU admission. At the time of ICU arrival, there were no differences between OHCA and non-OHCA AMICS patients in variables commonly used in the AMICS definition (mean arterial pressure (MAP) (72mmHg vs 70mmHg, p = 0.12), lactate (4.3mmol/L vs 4.0mmol/L, p = 0.09) and cardiac output (CO) (4.6L/min vs 4.4L/min, p = 0.30)) were observed. However, during the initial days of ICU treatment OHCA patients had a higher MAP despite a lower need for vasoactive drugs, higher CO, SVO2 and lactate clearance compared to non-OHCA patients (p<0.05 for all). In multivariable analysis outcome was similar but cause of death differed significantly with hypoxic brain injury being leading cause in OHCA and cardiac failure in non-OHCA AMICS patients.

Conclusion
OHCA and non-OHCA AMICS patients initially have comparable metabolic and hemodynamic profiles, but marked differences develop between the groups during the first days of ICU treatment. Thus, pooling of OHCA and non-OHCA patients as one clinical entity in studies should be done with caution.