bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AdaptPack Studio: an automated intelligent framework for offline factory programming
Authors: Castro André Luiz , Carvalho de Souza João Pedro , Rocha Luís F. , Silva Manuel F. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an automated framework for agile development and simulation of robotic palletizing cells. An automatic offline programming tool, for a variety of robot brands, is also introduced.

Design/methodology/approach
This framework, named AdaptPack Studio, offers a custom-built library to assemble virtual models of palletizing cells, quick connect these models by drag and drop, and perform offline programming of robots and factory equipment in short steps.

Findings
Simulation and real tests performed showed an improvement in the design, development and operation of robotic palletizing systems. The AdaptPack Studio software was tested and evaluated in a pure simulation case and in a real-world scenario. Results have shown to be concise and accurate, with minor model displacement inaccuracies because of differences between the virtual and real models.

Research limitations/implications
An intuitive drag and drop layout modeling accelerates the design and setup of robotic palletizing cells and automatic offline generation of robot programs. Furthermore, A* based algorithms generate collision-free trajectories, discretized both in the robot joints space and in the Cartesian space. As a consequence, industrial solutions are available for production in record time, increasing the competitiveness of companies using this tool.

Originality/value
The AdaptPack Studio framework includes, on a single package, the possibility to program, simulate and generate the robot code for four different brands of robots. Furthermore, the application is tailored for palletizing applications and specifically includes the components (Building Blocks) of a particular company, which allows a very fast development of new solutions. Furthermore, with the inclusion of the Trajectory Planner, it is possible to automatically develop robot trajectories without collisions.
Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) in patients with psoriasis: Increased serum TARC levels in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Kawasaki Yurika , Kamata Masahiro , Shimizu Teruo , Nagata Mayumi , Fukaya Saki , Hayashi Kotaro , Fukuyasu Atsuko , Tanaka Takamitsu , Ishikawa Takeko , Ohnishi Takamitsu , Tada Yayoi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) is designated as a T‐helper 2‐type chemokine and its expression is upregulated in patients with atopic dermatitis. Previous studies reported that serum TARC levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) were comparable with those in healthy controls. However, the association of clinical severity of psoriasis with serum TARC levels and serum TARC levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) have never been reported. We investigated the association of serum TARC level with psoriasis by the type of psoriasis, and examine correlations of serum TARC levels with clinical severity scores and other results of blood tests. Data on 75 patients (51 men and 24 women; PsV, 30 patients; PsA, 29 patients; GPP, 16 patients) were analyzed. The serum TARC level was significantly higher in patients with GPP than in patients with PsV and patients with PsA. There was a positive correlation between serum TARC level and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (r = 0.3499, P = 0.0030). The serum TARC levels decreased after treatment in GPP patients. Our study revealed that the serum TARC level can potentially be one of the biomarkers reflecting the severity or systemic inflammation caused by psoriasis in patients with psoriasis, although not as much as in patients with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, serum TARC levels were high in patients with GPP. Those were decreased by treatment, suggesting that serum TARC levels could be utilized as an objective biomarker to evaluate a therapeutic effect in individual GPP patients. Further accumulation of cases and further research are needed to elucidate the role of TARC in psoriasis.
Detritus decorations as the extended phenotype deflect avian predator attack in an orb‐web spider
Authors: Ma Nina , Yu Long , Gong Deyong , Hua Zeyuan , Zeng Hua , Chen Luyao , Mao Aijia , Chen Zhizhao , Cai Ruxing , Ma Yubing , Zhang Zengtao , Li Daiqin , Luo Jing , Zhang Shichang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

A number of strategies that divert attacks of visually guided predators, such as birds, have evolved multiple times in animals. Detritus web decorations built by certain orb‐web spider species are thought to deflect avian predator attacks away from spiders and towards their web decorations. Still, empirical evidence for this function and its adaptive significance is lacking. The orb‐web spider, Cyclosa monticola, adorns its web using a linear detritus decoration consisting of moults, egg sacs, prey remains and leaf litters.

In the present study, we investigated whether detritus decorations constructed by C. monticola spiders divert attacks of avian predators away from spiders. We first employed colour modelling to compare spider bodies and detritus decoration colouration from the perspective of domestic chicks and blue tits. We then experimentally tested the deflection hypothesis in the laboratory using naïve chicks as predators. We put the chicks in a cage containing a web either with (S+) or without (S−) a spider and either with (D+) or without (D−) detritus decoration (a total of four types of webs: S+D+, S+D−, S−D+ and S−D−) under both natural habitat background and white background.

We found that the colour of C. monticola spiders is indistinguishable from that of their detritus decorations for both chicks and blue tits with both backgrounds. Laboratory predation experiments showed that with both backgrounds, chicks attacked the spiders much less frequently when their decorations were present on the webs (S+D+; natural habitat: 20%, white background: 30%) than when their decorations were absent (S+D−; natural habitat: 95%, white background: 85%), resulting in greater spider survival advantage.

We also found that the rate of attack of spiders and their decorations was not random; the decorations were more likely to be attacked than spiders, regardless of the ratio of surface area of decorations to spider bodies when both spiders and decorations were presented (S+D+). Therefore, our results support a deflection, rather than concealment hypothesis for web decorations.

In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the extended phenotypes beyond the animal bodies, can divert avian predator attacks, therefore, may improve the fitness of animals.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Clinical characteristics and management of primary mediastinal cysts: A single‐center experience
Authors: Wang Xun , Li Yun , Chen Kezhong , Yang Fan , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of performing video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) to treat primary mediastinal cysts (PMCs) and investigate the clinical factors which increase the difficulties associated with VATS.MethodsThe medical records of all consecutive PMC patients, who underwent surgical resection from April 2001 to July 2016, were reviewed and 282 patients were included. Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Follow‐up data were successfully obtained from 230 PMC patients by telephone or outpatient clinic annually. The latest follow‐up was July 2019.ResultsVATS was performed in 278 patients and four patients were converted into thoracotomy. The mean operation time and intraoperative bleeding were 102.4 ± 40.9 minutes (range 25–360 minutes) and 52.4 ± 75.1 mL (range 5–600 mL), respectively. The intra‐ and postoperative complication rates were 2.8 and 5.7%, respectively. Seven patients with bronchogenic cysts showed severe cyst adhesion to vital mediastinal structures and thus had incomplete resection. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that a maximal cyst diameter greater than 5 cm was significantly associated with increased risks of operation time extension (OR = 2.106; 95% CI: 1.147–3.865, P = 0.016) and intraoperative blood loss increase (OR = 4.428; 95% CI: 1.243–16.489, P = 0.022). A total of 230 patients had follow‐up data. The median follow‐up time was 70 months (range, 36–210 months). No local recurrence was observed.ConclusionsSurgical resection by VATS may be recommended for PMC management as a primary therapeutic strategy. Cysts with a maximum diameter greater than 5 cm or cysts adjacent to vital mediastinal structures can increase the surgical difficulties.Key points• Significant findings of the studyA diameter >5 cm and adhesions significantly increased the risk of operation time extension together with increased blood loss.• What this study addsCysts with a diameter >5 cm or those adjacent to vital mediastinal structures increased the potential for surgical difficulties.
Schrödinger's phenotypes: Herbarium specimens show two‐dimensional images are both good and (not so) bad sources of morphological data
Authors: Borges Leonardo M. , Reis Victor Candido , Izbicki Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Museum specimens are the main source of information on organisms' morphological features. Although access to this information was commonly limited to researchers able to visit collections, it is now becoming freely available thanks to the digitization of museum specimens. With these images, we will be able to collectively build large‐scale morphological datasets, but these will only be useful if the limits to this approach are well‐known. To establish these limits, we used two‐dimensional images of plant specimens to test the precision and accuracy of image‐based data and analyses.

To test measurement precision and accuracy, we compared leaf measurements taken from specimens and images of the same specimens. Then, we used legacy morphometric datasets to establish differences in the quality of datasets and multivariate analyses between specimens and images. To do so, we compared the multivariate space based on original legacy data to spaces built with datasets simulating image‐based data.

We found that trait measurements made from images are as precise as those obtained directly from specimens, but as traits diminish in size, the accuracy drops as well. This decrease in accuracy, however, has a very low impact on dataset and analysis quality. The main problem with image‐based datasets comes from missing observations due to image resolution or organ overlapping. Missing data lowers the accuracy of datasets and multivariate analyses. Although the effect is not strong, this decrease in accuracy suggests caution is needed when designing morphological research that will rely on digitized specimens.

As highlighted by images of plant specimens, 2D images are reliable measurement sources, even though resolution issues lower accuracy for small traits. At the same time, the impossibility of observing particular traits affects the quality of image‐based datasets and, thus, of derived analyses. Despite these issues, gathering phenotypic data from two‐dimensional images is valid and may support large‐scale studies on the morphology and evolution of a wide diversity of organisms.
The effectiveness of an indicated prevention programme for substance use in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning: results of a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Schijven Esmée P. , Hulsmans Daan H. G. , VanDerNagel Joanneke E. L. , Lammers Jeroen , Otten Roy , Poelen Evelien A. P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the effectiveness of Take it personal!, a prevention programme for individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning (MID‐BIF) and substance use (SU). The prevention programme aims to reduce SU (alcohol, cannabis and illicit drugs) among experimental to problematic substance users.DesignA quasi‐experimental design with two arms and a 3‐month follow‐up.SettingAdolescents were recruited from 14 treatment centres in the Netherlands specialized in offering intra‐ and extramural care for people with MID‐BIF and behavioural problems.ParticipantsData were collected from 66 individuals with MID‐BIF assigned either to the intervention condition (n = 34) or to the control condition (n = 32).InterventionsTake it personal! was designed to target four personality traits: sensation‐seeking, impulsive behaviour, anxiety sensitivity and negative thinking. For each of these profiles, interventions were developed that were structurally the same but contained different personality‐specific materials, games and exercises. The control group received care as usual.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes at 3‐month follow‐up were frequency of SU, severity of SU and binge drinking.ResultsResults showed intervention effects for SU frequency (F(1, 50.43) = 9.27, P = 0.004) and binge drinking (F(1, 48.02) = 8.63, P = 0.005), but not for severity of SU (F(1, 42.09) = 2.20, P = 0.145).ConclusionsA prevention programme to reduce substance use among experimental to problematic users with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning helped participants to decrease substance use frequency and binge drinking.
SARS‐CoV2 and pregnancy: An invisible enemy?
Authors: Verma Sonam , Carter Ebony B. , Mysorekar Indira U. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 or COVID‐19 is an emerging viral disease caused by a member of the betacoronavirus family, SARS‐CoV‐2. Since its' emergence in December 2019, it has rapidly caused close to half a million fatalities globally. Data regarding the impact of COVID‐19 on pregnancy are limited. Here, we review pathological findings in placentas from women who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as information on pregnancy outcomes associated with related and highly pathogenic coronaviruses (ie, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS‐COV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome, MERS). We present immune‐inflammatory correlates of COVID‐19 in pregnancy and review the role of the Renin Angiotensin System in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 in pregnancy. Greater understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the placenta will yield important insight into potential therapeutic interventions for pregnant women with COVID‐19.
Effectiveness of psychological interventions for smoking cessation in adults with mental health problems: A systematic review
Authors: Lightfoot Katie , Panagiotaki Georgia , Nobes Gavin 
Published: July 2020

PurposePeople with long‐term mental health problems are heavier smokers than the general population, and suffer greater smoking‐related morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the effectiveness of psychological smoking cessation interventions for this group. This review evaluates evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of psychological interventions, used alone or with pharmacotherapy, in reducing smoking in adults with mental health problems.MethodsWe searched relevant articles between January 1999 and March 2019 and identified 6,200 papers. Two reviewers screened 81 full‐text articles. Outcome measures included number of cigarettes smoked per day, 7‐day point prevalence abstinence, and continuous abstinence from smoking.ResultsThirteen RCTs, involving 1,497 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Psychological interventions included cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing (MI), counselling, and telephone smoking cessation support. Three trials resulted in significant reductions in smoking for patients receiving psychological interventions compared with controls. Two trials showed higher 7‐day point prevalence in intervention plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus standard care groups. Four trials showed that participants who combined pharmacotherapy (bupropion or varenicline) with CBT were more likely to reduce their smoking by 50% than those receiving CBT only. Four out of five trials that compared different psychological interventions (with or without NRT) had positive outcomes regardless of intervention type.ConclusionsThis study contributes to our understanding in a number of ways: The available evidence is consistent with a range of psychological interventions being independently effective in reducing smoking by people with mental health problems; however, too few well‐designed studies have been conducted for us to be confident about, for example, which interventions work best for whom, and how they should be implemented. Evidence is clearer for a range of psychological interventions – including CBT, MI, and behavioural or supportive counselling – being effective when used with NRT or pharmacotherapy. Telephone‐based and relatively brief interventions appear to be as effective as more intense and longer‐term ones. There is also good evidence for a strong dose‐response relationship – increased attendance predicts improved outcomes – and for interventions having more positive than negative effects on psychiatric symptoms.
Review on druggable targets of key age‐associated properties regulated by therapeutic agents
Authors: Unni P Ambili , Sudhakaran Sajitha Lulu , Pillai Girinath G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAging is a biological process which accounts for the deterioration of effective physiological functions. The malfunctioning of vital organ systems leads to the onset of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and immunomodulatory diseases in the elder population. Age‐dependent mitochondrial dysfunctions trigger the production of reactive oxygen species, which serve as a major contributing factor for the onset of age‐associated diseases. The increasing burden of age‐related pathologies explicates the relevance of identifying novel therapeutic agents with enhanced potency and bioavailability. Key information on the biological mechanisms of significant age‐related diseases aids in understanding relevant druggable targets essential for the initiation and progression of the disease. This review provides detailed insights into the druggable targets of key anti‐aging properties of therapeutic agents such as anti‐oxidant, immunomodulation, cardioprotection, anti‐melanogenic, and anti‐elastase properties. This information aids in the development of novel therapeutic agents/ supplements with enhanced efficacy.
Titanium salts tested in reconstructed human skin with integrated MUTZ‐3‐derived Langerhans cells show an irritant rather than a sensitizing potential
Authors: Rodrigues Neves Charlotte T. , Spiekstra Sander W. , de Graaf Niels P. J. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Feilzer Albert J. , Kleverlaan Cees J. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nature of clinically related adverse reactions to titanium is still unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether titanium salts have irritant or sensitizing potential in a reconstructed human skin (RHS) model with integrated Langerhans cells (LCs).MethodsRHS‐LCs (ie, reconstructed epidermis) containing primary differentiated keratinocytes and CFSE+CD1a+‐LCs generated from the MUTZ‐3 cell line on a primary fibroblast‐populated collagen hydrogel (dermis) were topically exposed to titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide (TiALH). LC migration and plasticity were determined.ResultsTiALH resulted in CFSE+CD1a+‐LC migration out of the epidermis. Neutralizing antibodies to CCL5 and CXCL12 showed that LC migration was CCL5 and not CXCL12 mediated. LCs accumulating within the dermis after TiALH exposure were CFSE+Lang+CD68+ which is characteristic of a phenotypic switch of MUTZ‐LC to a macrophage‐like cell. Furthermore, TiALH did not result in increased interleukin (IL)‐1β or CCR7 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the dermis, but did result in increased IL‐10 mRNA. In addition, monocultures of MUTZ‐LCs failed to increase LC maturation biomarkers CD83, CD86, and CXCL‐8 when exposed to noncytotoxic concentrations of four different titanium salts.ConclusionThese results classify titanium salts as irritants rather than sensitizers and indicate that titanium implant‐related complaints could be due to localized irritant‐mediated inflammation arising from leachable agents rather than a titanium metal allergy.
In the Eye of the Storm: Echocardiographic Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis in a Patient with Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Cimino Sara , Arcari Luca , Filomena Domenico , Agati Luciano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEcho particle imaging velocimetry (Echo PIV) is a contrast‐echo–based technique, used to evaluate the instantaneous vortical blood motion into the left ventricle (LV). Here, we report, for the first time, echo‐PIV findings in a patient with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Vortex behavior suggested that TTS might present with peculiar PIV characteristics, including relatively preserved intra‐ventricular pressure gradient and energy dissipation. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the preservation of a more physiological vortex behavior could be related to the structural and functional recovery observed in TTS.
Differential movement and activity patterns of sexes in a biparental beetle during the reproductive season
Authors: Kiss Johanna , Németh Zoltán , Kosztolányi András , Barta Zoltán 
Published: July 2020

1. Biparental care is stabilised if parents perform different tasks during care. Specialised parental roles may require different time and energy budgets that in turn are expected to influence the activity and space use of sexes.2. Here we investigate movement patterns of the biparental Lethrus apterus beetle using a grid of pitfall traps in their natural habitat.3. Sexes of the burrow building L. apterus perform different roles during caregiving, as females collect most of the leaves, which serve as food for the offspring while paired males stay mostly in the burrow. We hypothesised that sex differences in mate search and parental activities are reflected in movement patterns.4. We found that females frequently travelled short distances, whereas males were detected less often but when detected, they travelled significantly longer distances than females.5. Our results are consistent with the notion that efficient parental food provisioning requires more localised movement and activity patterns. Furthermore, the long distance movements of some males may indicate active mate searching behaviour.
Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Chiesa‐Estomba C. M. , Lechien J. R. , Radulesco T. , Michel J. , Sowerby L. J , Hopkins C. , Saussez S. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposePost‐viral olfactory dysfunction is well established and has been shown to be a key symptom of COVID‐19 with more than 66% of European and US patients reporting some degree of loss of smell. Persistent olfactory dysfunction appears to be commonplace and will drive the demand for general practitioner, otolaryngology or neurology consultation in the next few months – evidence regarding recovery will be essential in counselling our patients.MethodsThis was a prospective survey‐based data collection and telemedicine follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 751 patients completed the study, of whom 477 were females and 274 males. The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 13 years (range 18–60). There were 621 patients (83%) who subjectively reported a total loss of smell and 130 (17%) a partial loss. After a mean follow‐up of 47 ± 7 days (range 30–71) from the first consultation, 277 (37%) patients still reported a persistent subjective loss of smell, 107 (14%) reported partial recovery and 367 (49%) reported complete recovery. The mean duration of the olfactory dysfunction was 10 ± 6 days (range 3–31) in those patients who completely recovered and 12 ± 8 days (range 7–35) in those patients who partially recovered.ConclusionsAccording to our results, at this relatively early point in the pandemic, subjective patterns of recovery of olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients are valuable for our patients, for hypothesis generation and for treatment development.