bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of coherent structures and turbulence spectra from a virtual SpinnerLidar for future LES wake validation
Authors: Brown Kenneth , Hsieh Alan , Herges Thomas , Maniaci David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Work has begun towards model validation of wake dynamics for the large-eddy simulation (LES) code Nalu-Wind in the context of research-scale wind turbines in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Interest is particularly directed at the structures and spectra which are influential for wake recovery and downstream turbine loading. This initial work is to determine the feasibility of using nacelle-mounted, continuous-wave lidars to measure and validate wake physics via comparisons of full actuator line simulation results with those obtained from a virtual lidar embedded within the computational domain. Analyses are conducted on the dominant large-scale flow structures via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and on the various scales of wake-added turbulence through spectral comparisons. The virtual lidar adequately reproduces spatial structures and energies compared to the full simulation results. Correction of the higher-frequency turbulence spectra for volume-averaging attenuation was most successful at locations where mean gradients were not severe. The results of this work will aid the design of experiments for validation of high-fidelity wake models.
Aboveground carbon loss associated with the spread of ghost forests as sea levels rise
Authors: Smart Lindsey S , Taillie Paul J , Poulter Benjamin , Vukomanovic Jelena , Singh Kunwar K , Swenson Jennifer J , Mitasova Helena , Smith Jordan W , Meentemeyer Ross K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoastal forests sequester and store more carbon than their terrestrial counterparts but are at greater risk of conversion due to sea level rise. Saltwater intrusion from sea level rise converts freshwater-dependent coastal forests to more salt-tolerant marshes, leaving ‘ghost forests’ of standing dead trees behind. Although recent research has investigated the drivers and rates of coastal forest decline, the associated changes in carbon storage across large extents have not been quantified. We mapped ghost forest spread across coastal North Carolina, USA, using repeat Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) surveys, multi-temporal satellite imagery, and field measurements of aboveground biomass to quantify changes in aboveground carbon. Between 2001 and 2014, 15% (167 km2) of unmanaged public land in the region changed from coastal forest to transition-ghost forest characterized by salt-tolerant shrubs and herbaceous plants. Salinity and proximity to the estuarine shoreline were significant drivers of these changes. This conversion resulted in a net aboveground carbon decline of 0.13 ± 0.01 TgC. Because saltwater intrusion precedes inundation and influences vegetation condition in advance of mature tree mortality, we suggest that aboveground carbon declines can be used to detect the leading edge of sea level rise. Aboveground carbon declines along the shoreline were offset by inland aboveground carbon gains associated with natural succession and forestry activities like planting (2.46 ± 0.25 TgC net aboveground carbon across study area). Our study highlights the combined effects of saltwater intrusion and land use on aboveground carbon dynamics of temperate coastal forests in North America. By quantifying the effects of multiple interacting disturbances, our measurement and mapping methods should be applicable to other coastal landscapes experiencing saltwater intrusion. As sea level rise increases the landward extent of inundation and saltwater exposure, investigations at these large scales are requisite for effective resource allocation for climate adaptation. In this changing environment, human intervention, whether through land preservation, restoration, or reforestation, may be necessary to prevent aboveground carbon loss.
Best practice of start up in Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto V K , Ulfa Aulia B , Dadiara A R , Adlina Y Y N , Dzaki H M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Industry 4.0 which encourages the whole world to develop its industry based on digital technology, the internet with conventional industry is an opportunity that must be taken by Indonesia. The implementation of industry 4.0 in Indonesia today is the emergence of digital start-ups which have become Unicorns with valuations above USD 1 billion or equivalent to IDR 13.5 trillion. Currently the Indonesian government has encouraged the development of digital start-up which aims to boost the economy and create jobs. But what’s currently happening is even the biggest investment in unicorns that have succeeded in coming from foreigners. In addition, 93 percent of products sold online are imported. The city of Surabaya, which hosts the Startup Nations Summit (SNS), is a case study location that is most suitable for further developing the potential of the creative industry. Therefore the problem raised is how the development of a digital start-up in order to become a creative economic booster by examining UNICORN’s Best Practice that has been successful in Indonesia. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques and content analysis in order to identify potentials strategies for developing digital start-ups to become creative economic boosters. Based on the results of content analysis conducted on five unicorn startups in Indonesia, three factors of development that need to be considered are human resources (innovating to solve problems, high commitment to become better, good management and quality human resources), good marketing factors, and capital that is easily accessible.
Compressive Failure of Rattan Reinforced Soil Mixture
Authors: Shien Ng Kok , Dexter Delia Evodius , Yee Ming Chew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Natural fibrous materials such as coir, jute and kenaf have been used as reinforcement to increase the compressive strength of soft soil. This study introduces a new natural fibrous material namely rattan as the reinforcement for soft soil. The main objective is to determine the compressive failure of soft soil reinforced with rattan. Unconfined Compression Test was conducted according to BS1377-7:1990 standard testing procedures. The first series of testing was conducted on inclusion of different content of rattan strip (0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 %) in soft soil. The second testing series is conducted on inclusion of different length of rattan strip (2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm) in soft soil. The samples are all prepared at optimum moisture content (27 %) and maximum dry density (1.435 Mg/cm3). Mix performances were obtained where inclusion of rattan can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the content and the length of the rattan. Rattan fiber of 0.5 % and length of 4 cm seems to be the optimum value in achieving higher compressive strength. Generally, the reinforced soil using rattan strip shows more plastic and ductile behavior.
Study of Performance Aeration Rate Effects on Iron and Manganese Removal in Groundwater Using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS)
Authors: Radzi E Z , Ngimran F N , Hamdan R , Wahab M S , Sahdan M Z , Madun A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is one of the significant sources for water supply for various purpose. However, it is easier to get in contact with contaminants such as iron and manganese. Iron and manganese contaminant can be treated by aeration process before goto post-filtration system. The aeration process as pre-treatment has done it by using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS). The aeration performance in this experiment has controlled the airflow and water flowrate to observers iron and manganese removal from groundwater than compare the water quality based on the guideline National Drinking Water Quality Standards by Ministry of Health Malaysia. The study has been carried out at the existing tube well in the Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The system started from pumping out the groundwater from the tube well and flows it through GATS with a different flow rate of 5.0 L/min and 10.0 L/min, and an airflow rate 0.5 L/min and 1.5 L/min. The sampling of groundwater was taken at before and after the aeration process through GATS and analyze the parameter such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), iron and manganese. The results show that pH was in the range of 6.90 to 7.01 and the DO value before GATS maximum is 3.64 mg/L but after aerated with GATS is 6.67 mg/L. Hence, the maximum iron removal efficiency is 10.63%, and the maximum manganese removal efficiency is 14.25%. Aeration process by GATS shows that suitable for DO value increasing than can remove iron and manganese in groundwater.
SCAVS: Implement Sine Cosine Algorithm for generating Variable t-way test suite
Authors: Altmemi Jalal M , Othman R R , Ahmad R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exhaustive testing occurs between interaction elements (i.e., factor and level). In reality, The software system is often impractical because of other constraints, such as cost and time restrictions. The t -way testing (where t indicates the interaction strength) is one of the powerful software, and practical test techniques apply to detect interaction errors between components (i.e., produce quality minimized test cases). The t-way testing is highly complicated (NP-hard). Therefore, many Meta-heuristic algorithms are used to solve combinatorial problems successfully. In general, one of the most effective optimizations algorithm-based techniques SCA. With respect mentioned above, this paper discusses the implementation Sine Cosine Algorithm for generating a variable strength t-way test suite called SCAVS. The results of the experiments showed that SCAVS outperformed and yielded better test sets than other existing other strategies.
Quantification of Soil N, P and K Balance In Peat Soils: Influence of Fluctuating Water Table
Authors: Qursyna Boll Kassim Nur , Yaacob Adzmi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study intends to develop the soil N, P and K balance in peat soils by quantifying the input, internal flow and output of the nutrients under different water table conditions, with and without the pineapple crops uptake. The soil samples for each water table conditions were analyzed for total-N, mineral-N, available-P and exchangeable K. Results showed that pineapple of the variety Moris requires high input of N and K compare to P. Without crops uptake, all treatments indicate positive soil nutrient balance where the treatment with fluctuating water table between 40-80 cm depth showed highest positive balances. In contrast, negative nutrient balance occurred in the presence of uptake by pineapple, where treatment with fluctuating water table between 0-40 cm recorded the highest nutrient deficiency. It is suggested that fluctuating water table influence the soil nutrient dynamics and soil nutrient balance and in this case act as the main pathways of nutrient loss through leaching.
From interactive teaching to immersive learning: Higher Education 4.0 via 360-degree videos and virtual reality in Malaysia
Authors: Adnan A H M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Higher Education 4.0 deals with the spread of technologies and espouses the notion that today’s learners need to be trained and not merely taught by rote and memorisation drills. The present is a period whereby data and information must be made accessible and open 24/7 so that learners can learn about how to find knowledge rather than to wait to be spoon-fed from their instructor’s textbooks. Higher Education 4.0 is contingent upon the concept of ‘immersive learning’ to afford learners with an educational atmosphere that is exceedingly interactive at the physical and virtual levels. Hence, immersive learning experiences could replicate possible scenarios that learners will face in real life and impart specific techniques or skills based on their different academic syllabuses. Employing immersive learning experiences that incorporate 360-degree real life videos and VR technologies to remote teach advanced communication skills to technical and vocational students at several public universities in Malaysia, this research paper highlights the fact that novel learning technologies and immersive learning experiences are not merely fads of Higher Education 4.0. Rather, they are glimpses of tomorrow’s world, based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from end-users (Malaysian university students) of a learning innovation initiative called ‘ELSA 360°-Videos’.
Digital Backpropagation Based on DOPC in Fiber Impairments Mitigation
Authors: Lawan S H , Mohd Noor M Y , Farabi M A , Supa’at A S M , Babale S A , Mohammed S G , Daura L U 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the study on the impact of the nonlinear phase shift on the performance of optical transmission systems and its suppression using digital backpropagation (DBP) technique. The proposed DBP employed digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) at the receiver and a virtual fiber, thereby having the combined benefits of DBP and optical phase conjugation. Optical signal propagation was achieved by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) using the split-step Fourier method (SSFM). Implementation of DBP was conducted on 100-Gbps, DP-16QAM systems and it has demonstrated its efficacy in suppressing nonlinear phase shift, by improving the minimum bit error rate (BER) from 1 × 10−2 to 6.1 × 10−5.
Optimization of Two-Dimensional Finite Element on Primary Bone Type-7 Fracture Model
Authors: Mansor N N , Ishak M I , Daud R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Optimization works is an important method for Finite Element (FE) analysis to get better accuracy in simulation study before proceed for further analysis. In this present work, convergence study of local crack tip meshing involving radius of first row element, a/n (DELR) and number of crack tip element (NTHET) is employed on single edge crack in homogenous properties of human cortical bone. Mode I and Mode II Type -7 penetration were determined by using FE analysis and compared with the experimental results. Based on the results, a good agreement is found between numerical and experimental results. The first section in your paper
Motorcyclist Perceptions on Road Safety Considering Awareness, Riding Behavior, and Risk-Taking Behavior, as Latent Variables
Authors: Alvisyahri Alvisyahri , Anggraini Renni , Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2018, as many as 74% of the death tolls of road users in Indonesia derived from motorcycle riders. Factors causing traffic accidents originate commonly from humans, vehicles, and roads, in which human factor stands on top. One of the most significant contributor areas to traffic accidents in Indonesia was Aceh Province, because of risky riding behavior. This study aimed to investigate the motorcyclist perception toward road safety according to awareness, riding behavior, and risk-taking behavior, as latent variables. Primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires among motorcyclists in Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province. The questionnaire structure consisted of 2 parts, i.e., motorcyclist characteristics and motorcyclist perceptions using latent variables. The analysis utilized the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Structural Equation Model. The results showed that the risk-taking behavior was positively influenced by riding behavior, and the awareness of motorcycle rider affected the riding behavior positively. In terms of indicator affecting the latent variable was, parking close to the intersection showed the highest contribution to riding behavior. In sum, the model constitutes as good fit.
Analysis of the Trans Koetaradja bus services considering latent variables of bus line services
Authors: Irvansyah R , Sugiarto S , Achmad A , Fahlevi H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Government of Aceh delivers a transport policy measure to combat autos dependency and severe traffic within the city by reforming conventional urban public transportation to modern bus system so-called the Trans Koetaradja (TK). The most critical issue for urban bus system is in how to maintenance existing users and attract new ridership’s. In this case, perceived service quality (PSQ) elements such as the easiness, comfort, and safety of bus system has an importance rule in determining user’s satisfaction. The PSQ is used in public transport planning and operation as a tool to establish the level of overall user’s satisfaction towards public transport services. Therefore, this study aims to examine the PSQ of the TK bus services by considering unobserved variable such as psychological indicators related to the bus line services from TK’s users. Revealed preference survey within 3 lines of TK was conducted in the mid of 2019. On board survey with a total of 450 samples were distributed and valid used in this study. The multivariate analysis of structural equation modelling so-called confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to deeply explore the behavioral intention of TK users toward the bus service attributes. The CFA result depicts that PSQ resulted to higher user’s satisfaction has significantly statistical relationship with the user intention to the bus services variables of “obedience when stopped”, “driver appearance”, “air condition”, “bus arrival time” and “the satisfaction of supporting bus facilities”.
Interactive model for DNA specificity and selectivity and biosensor validation
Authors: Dhahi Th. S. , Adam Tijjan , Hashim U. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Specific and selective detection of biomolecule has become major research quest of scientist community, most diseases are curable however, early specific detection and selective nature determine this capabilities, thus need rogue sensor specificity and selectivity testing. Sensor specificity/selectively largely depend on the robust validation approach adopted. This paper presents the interactive Model for DNA Specificity and Selectivity in Biosensor Validation. The partial charge induced due to hybridization of complementary ssDNAs caused a significant change in the conductance of sensor specific potential. The interactive model of inorganic and organic behaviour was calculated based on first principle. The partial charge due to ssDNA and dsDNA molecule was computed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that, the full and identification of compliment, mismatched with precise sequence of acid bonds with specific time response of 1016 and 1020 for 0.0095 ns, 0.008nS respectively. With this fast and accurate response, the model could be used for the biosensor validation.
Correlation Impact by Random Forest Towards Prediction of Phishing Website
Authors: Mardhiah Ishak Ainin , Mustapha Aida , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Mostafa Salama A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Phishing is an online identity theft that lure unsuspecting victims into phishing website that asks for their personal information such as financial credentials or online access. The most obvious phishing attacks use spam emails to lure victims into visiting its phishing website. The less obvious attack is when a phisher spoofes legitimate sites to bring the victims to the phishing website by presenting a visually similar websites. To address this issue, this paper focuses on the effectiveness of the Random Forest algorithm in predicting a website whether a phishing or lieitimate website. The prediction model is developed using the classfication methodology and the results revealed that the prediction accuracy of Random Forest in only 66.66%. This is due to potential high correlation among the features when training the dataset since each Random Tree in the forest should protect each other from individual errors. In the future, this project is hoped to investigate features selection of the same dataset because the phishing website prediction model requires features that at least some predictive power.
Crude Oil Price Forecasting Using Hybrid Support Vector Machine
Authors: Jo Xian Lee , Ismail Shuhaida , Mustapha Aida , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Crude oil price is strongly impacting the world economy. However, it is very fluctuated and difficult for investor to make decision. Hence, forecasting is one of the ways to minimizing risks arise from indecision on future. This paper will apply Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a proposed hybrid model name Empirical mode decomposition-Support Vector Machine (EMD-SVM) forecasting crude oil price. After obtaining the forecasting result, performance evaluation is carry out to show which method can better forecast the crude oil price. The result shows that the performance of cruel oil price forecasting can be significantly increased by using the proposed hybrid EMD-SVM model. Thus proven the hybrid model are out-perform than individual forecasting model.
A New Perspective on Visualising EEG Signal of Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: QiHan PW , Alipal J , Suberi AAM , Fuad N , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To date, numerous methods have been developed in response to the EEG signal classification of post-stroke patients, among which feature extraction methods are of particular interest. This paper presents a new perspective on the visualisation of the EEG signal of different post-stroke patients in the image representation that can be used to assist in the classification phase. The new perspective for extracting and visualising EEG sub-band features considers the sequential application of power spectral density (PSD) represented in the kernel distribution estimation (KDE) of the PSD manifold. Experiments conducted on 45 post-stroke patients; 14 early, 17 intermediate and 14 advanced patients demonstrated the potential of the proposed perspective to estimate significant parameters under spectral pattern image representation. Visual representation of this new approach shows that the pattern and relationship of post-stroke patients can be clearly visualised. Significant performance can be achieved by classifying post-stroke patients into early-advanced or early intermediate classes as they reach a perfect dissimilarity score, r = 1.00. In the meantime, the absence of beta or theta in pairs has relatively consistent performance in classifying post-stroke patients using sub-bands, and the combination of the two has shown the worst results among other pairs. This paradigm should be included in the future context of the EEG signal classification of post-stroke classes, which could better explain the importance of image representation while improving the accuracy of the specified network.
A Review of Human Graphology Analysis and Brainwaves
Authors: Akila N F , M Nasir E M N E , Fuad N , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper will do a study about brain, electroencephalograph (EEG) and also brainwriting. There are four types of frequency bands produces by human brain like delta, alpha, beta and theta. Every bands have their own spectrum of frequency where it be used for analysing brain activities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a method to measure signal by studying and evaluating the pattern of the brainwaves. The neuron will transfer the signals in the brain and the populations of neurons form pattern of network that form a brainwaves detectable in EEG. While graphology analysis is about the handwriting pattern that will illustrate the personality traits of the person. Everything that is written by the hand is processed from brain where is can give certain frequency bands or waveform for the personality.