bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple procedure outcomes for nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: Left atrial posterior wall isolation versus stepwise ablation
Authors: Barbhaiya Chirag R. , Knotts Robert J. , Beccarino Nicholas , Vargas‐Pelaez Alvaro F. , Jankelson Lior , Bernstein Scott , Park David , Holmes Douglas , Aizer Anthony , Chinitz Larry A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare multiple‐procedure catheter ablation outcomes of a stepwise approach versus left atrial posterior wall isolation (LA PWI) in patients undergoing nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (NPAF) ablation.BackgroundUnfavorable outcomes for stepwise ablation of NPAF in large clinical trials may be attributable to proarrhythmic effects of incomplete ablation lines. It is unknown if a more extensive initial ablation strategy results in improved outcomes following multiple ablation procedures.MethodsTwo hundred twenty two consecutive patients with NPAF underwent first‐time ablation using a contact‐force sensing ablation catheter utilizing either a stepwise (Group 1, n = 111) or LA PWI (Group 2, n = 111) approach. The duration of follow‐up was 36 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from atrial arrhythmia >30 s. Secondary endpoints were freedom from persistent arrhythmia, repeat ablation, and recurrent arrhythmia after repeat ablation.ResultsThere was similar freedom from atrial arrhythmias after index ablation for both stepwise and LA PWI groups at 36 months (60% vs. 69%, p = .1). The stepwise group was more likely to present with persistent recurrent arrhythmia (29% vs. 14%, p = .005) and more likely to undergo second catheter ablation (32% vs. 12%, p < .001) compared to LA PWI patients. Recurrent arrhythmia after repeat ablation was more likely in the stepwise group compared to the LA PWI group (15% vs. 4%, p = .003).ConclusionsCompared to a stepwise approach, LA PWI for patients with NPAF resulted in a similar incidence of any atrial arrhythmia, lower incidence of persistent arrhythmia, and fewer repeat ablations. Results for repeat ablation were not improved with a more extensive initial approach.
Supraventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary sinus stenosis/atresia: Prevalence, anatomical features, and ablation outcomes
Authors: Weng Sixian , Tang Min , Zhou Bin , Yu Fengyuan , Dong Xiaonan , Ma Yazhe , Qi Yingjie , Wang Xiaoqin , Jiang Yizhou , Fang Pihua , Zhang Shu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSupraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with coronary sinus (CS) ostial atresia (CSA) or coronary sinus stenosis (CSS) causes difficulty in electrophysiological procedures, but its characteristics are poorly understood.ObjectiveStudy the anatomical and clinical features of SVT patients with CSA/CSS.MethodsOf 6128 patients with SVT undergoing electrophysiological procedures, consecutive patients with CSA/CSS were enrolled, and the baseline characteristics, imaging materials, intraoperative data, and follow‐up outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThirteen patients, seven with CSA and six with CSS, underwent the electrophysiological procedure. Decapolar catheters were placed into the proximal CS in three cases, while the rest were placed at the free wall of the right atrium. Fourteen arrhythmias were confirmed: four atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias, five left‐sided accessory pathways, three paroxysmal atrial fibrillations, and two atrial flutters (AFLs). In addition to three patients who underwent only an electrophysiological study, the acute ablation success rate was 100% in 10 cases, with no procedure‐related complications. After a median follow‐up period of 59.6 months, only one case of atypical AFL recurred. For those cases (seven CSA and two CSS) with a total of 10 anomalous types of CS drainage, three types were classified: from the CS to the persistent left superior vena cava (n = 3), from an unroofed CS (n = 3), and from the CS to the small cardiac vein (n = 3) or Thebesian vein (n = 1).ConclusionPatients with CSA/CSS may develop different kinds of SVT. Electrophysiological procedures for such patients are feasible and effective. An individualized mapping strategy based on the three types of CS drainage will be helpful.
Healthcare utilization and cost in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Field Michael E. , Gold Michael R. , Rahman Motiur , Goldstein Laura , Maccioni Sonia , Srivastava Abhishek , Khanna Rahul , Piccini Jonathan P. , Friedman Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). However, little is known about how healthcare utilization and cost change after ablation in this population. We sought to determine healthcare utilization and cost patterns among patients with AF and HF undergoing ablation.MethodsUsing a large United States administrative database, we identified (n = 1568) treated with ablation with a primary and secondary diagnosis of AF and HF, respectively, were evaluated 1‐year pre‐ and postablation for outcomes including inpatient admissions (AF or HF), emergency department (ED) visits, cardioversions, length of stay (LOS), and cost. A secondary analysis was extended to 3‐years postablation.ResultsReductions were observed in AF‐related admissions (64%), LOS (65%), cardioversions (52%), ED visits (51%, all values, p < .0001), and HF‐related admissions (22%, p = .01). There was a 40% reduction in inpatient admission cost ($4165 preablation to $2510 postablation, p < .0001). In a sensitivity analysis excluding repeat‐ablation patients, a greater reduction in overall AF management cost was observed compared to the full cohort (−43% vs. −2%). Comparing 1‐year pre‐ to 3‐years postablation, both total mean AF‐management cost ($850 per‐patient per‐month 1‐year pre‐ to $546 3‐years postablation, p < .0001) and AF‐related healthcare utilization was reduced.ConclusionsCatheter ablation in patients with AF and HF resulted in significant reductions in healthcare utilization and cost through 3‐years of follow‐up. This reduction was observed regardless of whether repeat ablation was performed, reflecting the positive impact of ablation on longer term cost reduction.
Comparison of commercially available 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with and without anti‐discoloration system: A blinded, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Mauland Erik Klepsland , Preus Hans R. , Aass Anne Merete 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate clinical performance and side effects of two commercially available 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes after periodontal surgery, one with (test) and one without (control) an anti‐discoloration system.Materials and methodsThis single‐centre, crossover clinical trial included 38 patients undergoing two sessions of periodontal flap surgery. The participants used two different 0.2% chlorhexidine products, one with and one without an anti‐discoloration system, in the 14‐day post‐operative periods. Plaque, gingival inflammation, tooth staining, side effects and patient preference were evaluated.ResultsThe control mouthwash (without an anti‐discolouring system) produced significantly lower plaque (p = 0.02) and gingival index (p = 0.01) compared to the test mouthwash. The test mouthwash produced significantly less staining in the gingival (p = 0.002) and approximal areas (p = 0.0004), but no difference was detected in the buccal area of the teeth. The patients did not show preference for any of the mouthwashes.ConclusionChlorhexidine mouthwash without an anti‐discoloration system resulted in significantly lowered plaque and gingival index compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash with an anti‐discoloration following periodontal surgery. No difference in patient preference was found despite less side effects produced by the chlorhexidine mouthwash with the anti‐discoloration system.
Impact of novel processing techniques on the functional properties of egg products and derivatives: A review
Authors: Afraz Muhammad Talha , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Roobab Ume , Noranizan Mohd Adzahan , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Inam‐ur‐Raheem Muhammad , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEggs are an excellent source of quality proteins. Eggs as a whole and its components (egg white and egg yolk) are employed in a range of food preparations. Thermal processing employed for stabilizing and improving shelf‐life of egg components is known to have adverse effect on heat‐sensitive proteins leading to protein denaturation and aggregation thus, reducing the required functional, technological, and overall quality of egg proteins and other constituents. Therefore, the current challenge is to identify novel processing techniques that not only improve the intrinsic functional properties of eggs or its components, but also improve the quality of the product. This review focuses on the use of technologies such as ultrasound, pulsed electric field, high‐pressure processing, radiofrequency, ultraviolet light, microwave, and cold plasma for egg products. These novel technologies are known for their advantages over thermal treatments especially in protecting the heat sensitive nature and retaining the overall quality of the egg and egg products. Availability of alternatives processing has significantly improved the structural properties, techno‐functional, nutritional and as well improving the safety egg and egg products.Practical ApplicationEggs are consumed worldwide as whole egg or in some cases, consumed partly as egg whites or egg yolks. Egg components with improved techno‐functional properties can be used in various food industries (such as baking, confectionery, and culinary preparation, etc.). Value addition of new products can be achieved through modification of egg proteins. Additionally, these techniques also provide microbial safety and have a reduced impact on nutritional content and overall food quality.
Extended dynamic vapor sorption of glutinous rice flour observed in logarithmic time scale and its modeling as a process with varying activation energy
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Zhang Hua , Li Xingke , Fan Wen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the objective of characterizing water sorption kinetics of glutinous rice flour during extended water vapor exposure, water adsorption and desorption measurements were conducted at nine relative humidity (RH) levels for up to 1,500 min per step, and displayed in a logarithmic time scale. A three‐stage sorption kinetics was observed, and the final stage was characterized with a very long and slow process. The final sections of the kinetic curves were concave to log(t) axis for adsorption while linear for desorption, even after the flour was gelatinized. Increment in RH step and flour particle size, and variation in water content can only postpone starting of the linear stage. Analysis using an Elovich‐type model indicated that both adsorption and desorption can be treated as processes whose activation energy varied consistently during sorption. Reaction order difference between adsorption and desorption was the major contributor to their distinct kinetic responses in the final stages.Practical ApplicationsWater sorption kinetic measurements are necessary for exploring mass transfer mechanism, and determining parameters such as water diffusivity and interfacial mass transfer coefficient. Extended measurement duration allows one to catch the entire characteristics of a kinetic process. Distinct kinetic features between adsorption and desorption of glutinous rice flour were observed when the data were plotted against logarithm of time. The later stage was a slow process. Further analysis using an Elovich‐type model indicated that both adsorption and desorption were processes with varying activation energy. This information can be potentially helpful in optimizing both the quality of food product and the economics of many food processes involving water transfer.
Treatment with functionalized designer self‐assembling peptide hydrogels promotes healing of experimental periodontal defects
Authors: Matsugami Daisuke , Murakami Tasuku , Yoshida Wataru , Imamura Kentaro , Bizenjima Takahiro , Seshima Fumi , Saito Atsushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIt has been reported that self‐assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels with functionalized motifs enhance proliferation and migration of host cells. How these designer SAP hydrogels perform in the treatment of periodontal defects remains unknown. This study aimed to test the potential of local application of designer SAP hydrogels with two different functionalized motifs in the treatment of experimental periodontal defects.Material and MethodsIn vitro, viability/proliferation of rat periodontal ligament‐derived cells (PDLCs) cultured on an SAP hydrogel RADA16 and RADA16 with functionalized motifs, PRG (integrin binding sequence) and PDS (laminin cell adhesion motif), was assessed. Cell morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In vivo, standardized periodontal defects were made mesially in the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. Defects received RADA16, PRG, PDS or left unfilled. At 2 or 4 weeks postoperatively, healing was assessed by microcomputed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical methods.ResultsViability/proliferation of PDLCs was significantly greater on PRG than on RADA16 or PDS at 72 hours. rPDLCs in the PRG group showed enhanced elongations and cell protrusions. In vivo, at 4 weeks, bone volume fractions in the PRG and PDS groups were significantly greater than the RADA16 group. Histologically, bone formation was more clearly observed in the PRG and PDS groups compared with the RADA16 group. At 4 weeks, epithelial downgrowth in the hydrogel groups was significantly reduced compared to the Unfilled group. In Azan‐Mallory staining, PDL‐like bundles ran in oblique direction in the hydrogel groups. At 2 weeks, in the area near the root, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells were detected significantly more in the PRG group than other groups. At 4 weeks, in the middle part of the defect, a significantly greater level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐positive cells and α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA)‐positive blood vessels were observed in the PRG group than in other groups.ConclusionThe results indicate that local application of the functionalized designer SAP hydrogels, especially PRG, promotes periodontal healing by increasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
A comparison of Northeast Atlantic killer whale (Orcinus orca) stereotyped call repertoires
Authors: Selbmann Anna , Deecke Volker B. , Fedutin Ivan D. , Filatova Olga A. , Miller Patrick J. O. , Svavarsson Jörundur , Samarra Filipa I. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKiller whale call repertoires can provide information on social connections among groups and populations. Killer whales in Iceland and Norway exhibit similar ecology and behavior, are genetically related, and are presumed to have been in contact before the collapse of the Atlanto‐Scandian herring stock in the 1960s. However, photo‐identification suggests no recent movements between Iceland and Norway but regular movement between Iceland and Shetland. Acoustic recordings collected between 2005 and 2016 in Iceland, Norway, and Shetland were used to undertake a comprehensive comparison of call repertoires of Northeast Atlantic killer whales. Measurements of time and frequency parameters of calls from Iceland (n = 4,037) and Norway (n = 1,715) largely overlapped in distribution, and a discriminant function analysis had low correct classification rate. No call type matches were confirmed between Iceland and Norway or Shetland and Norway. Three call types matched between Iceland and Shetland. Therefore, this study suggests overall similarities in time and frequency parameters but some divergence in call type repertoires. This argues against presumed past contact between Icelandic and Norwegian killer whales and suggests that they may not have been one completely mixed population.
Muscularis macrophages establish cell‐to‐cell contacts with telocytes/PDGFRα‐positive cells and smooth muscle cells in the human and mouse gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Ji Sihan , Traini Chiara , Mischopoulou Magdalini , Gibbons Simon J. , Ligresti Giovanni , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria‐Simonetta , Sha Lei , Farrugia Gianrico , Vannucchi Maria Giuliana , Cipriani Gianluca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimMuscularis macrophages (MMs) not only mediate the innate immunity, but also functionally interact with cells important for gastrointestinal motility. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial relationship and types of contacts between the MMs and neighboring cells in the muscularis propria of human and mouse stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.MethodsThe distribution and morphology of MMs and their contacts with other cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.Key ResultsImmunohistochemistry showed variable shape and number of MMs according to their location in different portions of the muscle coat. By double labeling, a close association between MMs and neighboring cells, that is, neurons, smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), telocytes (TCs)/PDGFRα‐positive cells, was seen. Electron microscopy demonstrated that in the muscle layers of both animal species, MMs have similar ultrastructural features and have specialized cell‐to‐cell contacts with smooth muscle cells and TCs/PDGFRα‐positive cells but not with ICCs and enteric neurons.Conclusion & InferencesThis study describes varying patterns of distribution of MMs between different regions of the gut, and reports the presence of distinct and extended cell‐to‐cell contacts between MMs and smooth muscle cells and between MMs and TCs/PDGFRα‐positive cells. In contrast, MMs, although close to ICCs and nerve elements, did not make contact with them. These findings indicate specialized and variable roles for MMs in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility whose significance should be more closely investigated in normal and pathological conditions.
Biomarkers of diagnosis and resolution of food allergy
Authors: Foong Ru‐Xin , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood allergy is increasing in prevalence, affecting up to 10% of children in developed countries. Food allergy can significantly affect the quality of life and well‐being of patients and their families; therefore, an accurate diagnosis is of extreme importance. Some food allergies can spontaneously resolve in 50%‐60% of cow’s milk and egg‐allergic, 20% of peanut‐allergic and 9% of tree nut‐allergic children by school age. For that reason, food‐allergic status should be monitored over time to determine when to reintroduce the food back into the child’s diet. The gold‐standard to confirm the diagnosis and the resolution of food allergy is an oral food challenge; however, this involves the risk of causing an acute‐allergic reaction and requires clinical experience and resources to treat allergic reactions of any degree of severity. In the clinical setting, biomarkers have been used and validated to enable an accurate diagnosis when combined with the clinical history, deferring the oral food challenge, whenever possible. In this review, we cover the tools available to support the diagnosis of food allergies and to predict food allergy resolution over time. We review the latest evidence on different testing modalities and how effective they are in guiding clinical decision making in practice. We also evaluate predictive test cut‐offs for the more common food allergens to try and provide guidance on when challenges might be most successful in determining oral tolerance in children.
Clinical characteristics of childhood acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Authors: Güngör Tülin , Çakıcı Evrim Kargın , Yazılıtaş Fatma , Eroğlu Fehime Kara , Özdel Semanur , Kurt‐Sukur Eda Didem , Çelikkaya Evra , Karakaya Deniz , Bağlan Esra , Bülbül Mehmet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury in children that can lead to chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to describe the presenting features, etiology, and clinical characteristics of childhood ATIN, and to evaluate treatment modalities and renal outcomes.MethodsThe study included 38 patients who had been diagnosed with ATIN, were younger than 18 years old, and were admitted for at least 6 months of follow up.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 13.1 years (range 1.2–16.6 years). The female / male ratio was 1.37. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (65.7%) and nausea / vomiting (55.2%). Twenty‐three of the patients had a history of drug intake (60.5%), and the most active drugs in the etiology were non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (56.5%). Eleven patients were given steroid therapy due to severe kidney involvement and rapid increases in serum creatinine values, and ten of those patients were drug‐related ATIN cases. Other patients were given symptomatic treatment. Four patients needed several sessions of dialysis due to the severity of their acute renal failure. The follow‐up creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate levels were not statistically different between the symptomatic and corticosteroid treated groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough our study was unable to show the beneficial effect of corticosteroid therapy on the extent of renal recovery, the use of steroids may be preferable in severe nephritis because of the rapid recovery of estimated glomerular filtration rate with corticosteroid therapy.
Attitudes toward xenotransplantation: A survey of parents and pediatric cardiac providers
Authors: Padilla Luz A. , Rhodes Leslie , Sorabella Robert A. , Hurst Daniel J. , Cleveland David C. , Dabal Robert J. , Cooper David K. , Paris Wayne , Carlo Waldemar F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundScientific advancements are occurring in cardiac xenotransplantation (XTx). However, there have been religious and social concerns surrounding this allotransplantation alternative. The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptance of XTx among stakeholders of the congenital heart disease (CHD) community.MethodsA Likert‐scale anonymous survey was distributed to physicians and nurses who care for children with CHD and parents of children with CHD. Psychosocial and clinical attitudes were compared across all groups to identify differences, and regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with XTx acceptance.ResultsA total of 297 responded to the survey: 134 physicians, 62 nurses, and 101 parents. Potential acceptance of XTx if outcomes were similar to allotransplantation was high overall (75.3%), but different between the groups (physicians 86%; nurses 71%, parents 64%; P < .0001). Regression analysis showed respondents who reported religion would influence medical decision making (OR 0.48; 95%CI 0.24‐0.97) and those who would not use a pig heart transplant as a bridge until a human heart became available were less likely to accept XTx (OR 0.09; 95%CI 0.04‐0.21). Psychosocial concerns to XTx were minimal but were also associated with XTx acceptance particularly among parents (OR 0.17; 95%CI 0.03‐0.80).ConclusionsPotential acceptance of XTx is high, assuming results are similar to allotransplantation. Religious beliefs and attitudes toward the use of XTx as a bridge to allotransplant may present barriers to XTx acceptance. Future research is needed to assess potential attitude differences in light of ethical, psychosocial, and religious objections to XTx.