bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical mechanisms of human brain functions
Authors: Liu Zonghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, exploring the physical mechanisms of brain functions has been a hot topic in the fields of nonlinear dynamics and complex networks, and many important achievements have been made, mainly based on the characteristic features of time series of human brain. To speed up the further study of this problem, herein we make a brief review on these important achievements, which includes the aspects of explaining: (i) the mechanism of brain rhythms by network synchronization, (ii) the mechanism of unihemispheric sleep by chimera states, (iii) the fundamental difference between the structural and functional brain networks by remote synchronization, (iv) the mechanism of stronger detection ability of human brain to weak signals by remote firing propagation, and (v) the mechanism of dementia patterns by eigen‐microstate analysis. As a brief review, we will mainly focus on the aspects of basic ideas, research histories, and key results but ignore the tedious mathematical derivations. Moreover, some outlooks will be discussed for future studies.
Central sleep apnea as an initial presentation of small cell lung carcinoma with anti‐Hu antibody‐related paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome
Authors: Su Yi‐Tse , Kuo Chin‐Wei , Lee Jen‐Chieh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnti‐Hu antibody‐related paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS), a rare disease primarily associated with small cell lung carcinoma, is characterized by diverse neurologic manifestations. Central sleep apnea, although rare, is specific to anti‐Hu antibody‐related PNS. Herein, we present a case of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest attributed to hypercapnic central sleep apnea and detail the subsequent workup that revealed anti‐Hu brainstem encephalitis. A malignancy survey revealed mediastinal small cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by tumour excision, chemotherapy, plasma exchange, and high‐dose glucocorticoids. Though the neurologic damage caused by anti‐Hu antibody was documented to be relatively irreversible in literatures, such hypercapnic central sleep apnea resolved in our case about 1 month later.
Epigenetic Targeting for Controlling Persistent Neurotropic Infections Caused by Borna Virus and HIV
Authors: Li Yadi , Luo Huating , Pang Hao , Qin Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐lasting persistence within infected cells is a major challenge for viral pathogens, as it necessitates an exact regulation of viral replication to reduce viral cytopathic effects. This is particularly challenging for viruses that persistently infect cells with limited renewal capabilities, such as neurons. Accordingly, neurotropic viruses have evolved various specific mechanisms to promote a long‐lasting persistent infection in the host cells without inducing an exacerbated cytopathic effect. Borna disease virus (BDV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two neurotropic RNA viruses that, in contrast to other RNA viruses, can establish long‐lasting intranuclear infections within the nervous system. These viruses interact with different cellular processes such as epigenetic modifications to develop a successful persistence infection. Studies show that cellular epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of BDV and HIV and their neurological disorders. Hence, targeting these mechanisms by epigenetic modulator agents can be regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy to manage BDV‐ and HIV‐associated neurological diseases. This review provides an overview of different epigenetic modulator compounds as a potential therapeutic target for controlling persistent neurotropic intranuclear infections caused by BDV and HIV.
On the Maximum F$$ F $$‐Free Induced Subgraphs in Kt$$ {K}_t $$‐Free Graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Chen Ce , Luo Haoran 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor graphs and , let be the minimum possible size of a maximum ‐free induced subgraph in an ‐vertex ‐free graph. This notion generalizes the Ramsey function and the Erdős–Rogers function. Establishing a container lemma for the ‐free subgraphs, we give a general upper bound on , assuming the existence of certain locally dense ‐free graphs. In particular, we prove that for every graph with , where , we have For the cases where is a complete multipartite graph, letting , we prove that We also make an observation which improves the bounds of by a polylogarithmic factor.
Study on the activity, phase, thermal decomposition characteristics, microstructure, and chemical element of hardened cement powder under heating temperature of 100°C~1200°C
Authors: Ge Pei , Song Yang , Quan Jiale , Wu Yuxuan , Zhou Junwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe properties of thermoactivated hardened cement powder (HCP) are of great significance for the recycling and utilization of concrete waste. This paper focuses on heating activation of HCP under the temperature between 100 and 1200°C. The activity, phase changes and microstructure of thermoactivated HCP were analyzed. The results showed that HCP with heating temperature between 1000 and 1200°C showed high activity. Under the conditions of heating activation at 1200°C, water–binder ratio of 0.38 and curing time of 30 days, the compressive strength of the specimen made of HCP reached 17.56 MPa. When the heating temperature is between 700 and 1200°C, CSH gel is gradually decomposed into C2S and C3S. The chemical reaction products of cement and thermoactivated HCP are similar, both containing CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, AFt, Hydrotalcite, etc. Compared to the diffraction peaks of hydrated cement, the diffraction peaks of thermoactivated HCP are broadened and dispersed. The high Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios in the chemical reaction products of thermoactivated HCP are important reasons for the decrease in its mechanical properties.
Irreversible effects for SWCNT‐MWCNT/water based flow with Coriolis force over rotating frame: A numerical study
Authors: Mehmood Sabba , Rehman Sajjad ur , Batool Afshan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, two different types of nanofluids are used: One is the simple nanofluid consist of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and the other is the hybrid nanofluid composed of single and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT‐MWCNT). The famous Xue model is incorporated for the thermal energy analysis. An important property related to the nanoparticles is the Brownian motion and thermal‐migration, which is described by using Buongiorno's model. The appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations for the both velocity and temperature profiles. The numerical solution is obtained for the present problem by using bvp4c Matlab routine. This code is based on the finite difference method that implements the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa formula. The comparative analysis for the entropy generation in rotating frame due to heat transfer, viscous heating, and mass diffusion is the main focus in this study. The impact of different parameters such as, rotational motion , thermomigration and Brownian motion , volume fractions of SWCNT & SWCNT‐MWCNT ,, Eckert number , Lewis number , chemical reaction parameter , Brinkman number the temperature ratio parameter and concentration difference parameter on axial and transverse velocity, temperature profile, entropy generation, and Bejan number are obtained. The obtained results for these different variables are presented through graphs and tabular form. When the solid volume fraction is enhanced, the flow and heat distribution are observed to increase. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for both nanofluids are investigated. The decay in Nusselt number is observed as the values of the heat source/sink parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and Eckert number are increased. However, in the case of Sherwood enhancement an increment in the value of the chemical reaction parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and Lewis number is observed. The entropy generation is enhanced as a result of increment in Brinkman number and temperature ratio. However, in the case of Bejan number, opposite trend was seen in the entropy generation. For the hybrid nanofluid, the enhancement in both heat transmission and irreversibility effect is observed as compared to simple nanofluid.
Mentoring Our Way for the Future of Indigenous Scholarship
Authors: Kennedy Tristan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProfessor Tristan Kennedy examines and reflects upon the role and potential value of formal and informal mentorship for Indigenous ECRs. He highlights the collegiality and collaboration of Indigenous mentorship, but points to the current scarcity of senior Indigenous scholars which can make it more challenging to find an Indigenous mentor to help develop that next part of a career. Professor Kennedy explores the pitfalls of institutional mentorship programs which are developed by and feature non-Indigenous people, with worthwhile insights for program developers who want to support the career trajectories of Indigenous ECRs. His steadfast rebuttal of Indigenous deficiency is refreshing and should be a guide for non-Indigenous readers concerned with Indigenous career development.
A Reflective Story of my Educational Learning Journey
Authors: Ober Robyn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDr. Robyn Ober’s chapter illuminates a career trajectory from teacher education practice in rural, remote and metropolitan schools which came full circle when she returned to Bachelor Institute, where she had done her initial teacher training course, to teach a new generation of educators. Dr. Ober reminds us of value of research mentorship, initially as she learned alongside more experienced researchers and later as she experienced the satisfaction of mentoring Indigenous students in their own learning journeys. She outlines the importance of Indigenous leaders and role models to show the possibilities in doctoral education and equally shows the significance of sharing the often-lengthy doctoral journey, with Indigenous colleagues. Dr. Ober also highlights the strangeness of finishing such a large undertaking and the sudden shift to the rigors of a scholarly life of teaching, publishing and generally being in demand.
Musings About Work-Life Balance
Authors: Woodroffe Tracy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dr Tracy Woodroffe reflects thoughtfully on a younger self who burned with a sense of urgency to get her research done and illuminates the often messy and non-linear nature of research. The chapter explores building a track record in the postdoctoral phase, and how to combine prior professional experience to build a new academic career. Along the way, Dr Woodroffe explains the unsettling professional identity challenge that accompanied the transition to an academic life after a successful and rewarding professional career. Dr Woodroffe also reminds us of the value of curiosity and trusting that pursuing what interests you will lead to somewhere interesting, even if it wasn’t what you intended. Finally, Dr Woodroffe offers some sage advice about the constant challenge to prioritise family life and balance academic work.
Quantum null geometry and gravity
Authors: Ciambelli Luca , Freidel Laurent , Leigh Robert G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that quantizing gravity on a null hypersurface leads to the emergence of a CFT associated with each null ray. This result stems from the ultralocal nature of null physics and is derived through a canonical analysis of the Raychaudhuri equation, interpreted as a constraint generating null time reparametrizations. The CFT exhibits a non-zero central charge, providing a mechanism for the quantum emergence of time in gravitational systems and an associated choice of vacuum state. Our analysis reveals that the central charge quantifies the degrees of freedom along each null ray. Throughout our investigation, the area element of a cut plays a crucial role, necessitating its treatment as a quantum operator due to its dynamic nature in phase space or because of quantum backreaction. Furthermore, we show that the total central charge diverges in a perturbative analysis due to the infinite number of null generators. This divergence is resolved if there is a discrete spectrum for the area form operator. We introduce the concept of ‘embadons’ to denote these localized geometric units of area, the fundamental building blocks of geometry at a mesoscopic quantum gravity scale.
A spin on the bulk locality of Slightly Broken Higher Spin theories
Authors: Jain Sachin , Dhruva K. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate if it is possible to express correlation functions in Large N Chern-Simons (CS) matter theories/ Slightly Broken Higher Spin (SBHS) theories purely in terms of single trace twist conformal blocks (TCBs). For this, we first develop the machinery for spinning TCBs. We do this both by explicitly solving the spinning TCB eigenvalue equation taking into account consistency with the operator product expansion (OPE) and crossing symmetry, and also by employing weight shifting and spin raising operators and acting with them on scalar seeds. Using these results we show that spinning correlators in theories with exact higher spin symmetry can be entirely expressed in terms of single trace TCBs. However, when the higher spin symmetry is slightly broken at large-N, even though the scalar four-point function is given by single-trace TCBs, the spinning correlators in general, are not. Our results suggest that it may be possible to identify a sub-sector of SBHS theory which has a local bulk dual.
Positivity bounds on massive vectors
Authors: Bertucci Francesco , Henriksson Johan , McPeak Brian , Ricossa Sara , Riva Francesco , Vichi Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore positivity bounds for the effective field theory (EFT) of a single weakly coupled massive vector field. The presence of both mass and spin makes the crossing properties of the amplitudes vastly complicated — we address this by parametrizing the amplitudes as products of a polarization matrix and a vector of appropriately chosen functions with simpler crossing properties. The resulting framework involves sum rules and null constraints that allows us to constrain any combination of low-energy observables, such as EFT amplitudes. By varying the value of the vector mass over the cutoff scale, some of our bounds asymptote to the bounds obtained in the context of photons and massless scalars. This work paves the way for future applications to e.g. non-abelian massive vectors, glueballs and theories with spin larger than one.
The orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1 contributes to interstitial cardiac fibrosis via modulation of cardiac fibroblast and macrophage phenotype
Authors: Widiapradja Alexander , Connery Heather , Bullock Martyn , Kasparian Ainsley O. , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Levick Scott P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1 has complex biological functions and has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease. While protective in atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia, Nr4a1 has been shown to cause cardiac fibrosis in non-ischemic adverse remodeling of the heart. However, mechanisms underlying these actions are still poorly understood. Accordingly, we sought to: (1) understand the contribution of Nr4a1 to the inflammatory environment including macrophage phenotype; and (2) determine the contribution of Nr4a1 to cardiac fibroblast phenotype in the fibrotic heart. Wild type and Nr4a1−/− mice were infused with angiotensin II (1500 ng/kg/min) to induce cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Nr4a1 deletion prevented cardiac fibrosis and maintained normal diastolic function. We determined that macrophages lacking Nr4a1 had distinctly different phenotypes to wild type macrophages, with Nr4a1 deletion preventing the induction of a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, instead promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This had functional consequences in that macrophages lacking Nr4a1 showed a reduced ability to induce cardiac fibroblast migration. Interestingly, deletion of Nr4a1 in isolated cardiac fibroblasts also had profound effects on their phenotype and function, with these cells not able to produce excess extracellular matrix proteins, convert to a myofibroblast phenotype, or respond to macrophage stimuli. Nr4a1 causes cardiac fibrosis and subsequent diastolic dysfunction by inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages and by pushing cardiac fibroblasts towards a pro-fibrotic phenotype in response to pro-fibrotic stimuli. Nr4a1 is also critical for macrophage/fibroblast interactions.
Homology and Twisted $$C^*$$-Algebras for Self-similar Actions and Zappa–Szép Products
Authors: Mundey Alexander , Sims Aidan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the categorical homology of Zappa–Szép products of small categories, which include all self-similar actions. We prove that the categorical homology coincides with the homology of a double complex, and so can be computed via a spectral sequence involving homology groups of the constituent categories. We give explicit formulae for the isomorphisms involved, and compute the homology of a class of examples that generalise odometers. We define the

$$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras of self-similar groupoid actions on k-graphs twisted by 2-cocycles arising from this homology theory, and prove some fundamental results about their structure.
Exact parallelized dynamic mode decomposition with Hankel matrix for large-scale flow data
Authors: Asada Hiroyuki , Kawai Soshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An exact parallel algorithm of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with Hankel matrices for large-scale flow data is proposed. The proposed algorithm enables the DMD and the Hankel DMD for large-scale data obtained by high-fidelity flow simulations, such as large-eddy simulations or direct numerical simulations using more than a billion grid points, on parallel computations without any approximations. The proposed algorithm completes the computations of the DMD by utilizing block matrices of

$$X^TX\in \mathbb {R}^{k\times k}$$

X
T

X
∈

R

k
×
k

(where

$$X\in \mathbb {R}^{n\times k}$$

X
∈

R

n
×
k

is a large data matrix obtained by high-fidelity simulations, the number of snapshot data is

$$n > rsim 10^9$$

n
≳

10
9

, and the number of snapshots is

$$k\lesssim O(10^3)$$

k
≲
O
(

10
3

)

) without any approximations: for example, the singular value decomposition of X is replaced by the eigenvalue decomposition of

$$X^TX$$

X
T

X

. Then, the computation of

$$X^TX$$

X
T

X

is parallelized by utilizing the domain decomposition often used in flow simulations, which reduces the memory consumption for each parallel process and wall-clock time in the DMD by a factor approximately equal to the number of parallel processes. The parallel computation with communication is performed only for

$$X^TX$$

X
T

X

, allowing for high parallel efficiency under massively parallel computations. Furthermore, the proposed exact parallel algorithm is extended to the Hankel DMD without any additional parallel computations, realizing the Hankel DMD of large-scale data collected by over a billion grid points with comparable cost and memory to the DMD without Hankel matrices. Moreover, this study shows that the Hankel DMD, which has been employed to enrich information and augment rank, is advantageous for large-scale high-dimensional data collected by high-fidelity simulations in data reconstruction and predictions of future states (while prior studies have reported such advantages for low-dimensional data). Several numerical experiments using large-scale data, including laminar and turbulent flows around a cylinder and transonic buffeting flow around a full aircraft configuration, demonstrate that (i) the proposed exact parallel algorithm reproduces the existing non-parallelized Hankel DMD, (ii) the Hankel DMD for large-scale data consisting of over a billion grid points is feasible by using the proposed exact parallel algorithm with high parallel efficiency on more than 6 thousand CPU cores, and (iii) the Hankel DMD has advantages for high-dimensional data such as

$$n > rsim 10^9$$

n
≳

10
9

.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Effects Over Root Elongation in Selected Wild and Crop Plants Commonly Present in the Mediterranean Cropland and Pasture Scenarios
Authors: Sacristán Carlos , Guerrero Marta , Sánchez Sonia , Rodríguez Antonio , García Rosa María , Ewbank Ana Carolina , Gros Meritxell , Rodríguez-Mozaz Sara , Martínez Isaura Martín , Guasch Luis , de la Torre Ana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fertilization with animal manure and sewage sludge, and the use of sewage water for irrigation, can lead to high antimicrobial concentrations in agricultural soils. Once in soil, antimicrobials can exert direct and indirect toxic effects on plants by misbalancing plant–microbe symbiotic relationships. We performed germination tests to determine the optimum germination conditions of 24 plant species (10 crop and 14 wild species). Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine phytotoxicity in 19 plant species for which optimum germination conditions could be established. The root elongation of the majority of wild species was inhibited in the presence of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine, whereas crops were mainly affected by oxytetracycline. There were no differences in sensitivity to oxytetracycline between crop and wild plant species, whereas wild plants were significantly more susceptible to sulfamethazine than crop species. Thus, to cover both productivity and biodiversity protection goals, we recommend pharmaceuticals’ predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values based on crop and wild plant species phytotoxicity data.