bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emodin ameliorates renal injury in BXSB mice by modulating TNF-α/ICAM-1
Authors: Yuan Xinlu , Dai Binbin , Yang Liyan , Lin Beiduo , Lin Enqin , Pan Yangbin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of emodin on renal injury in a BXSB mouse model of lupus and its mechanisms. BXSB mice were fed different concentrations of emodin (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg.d), and the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and fibronectin (FN) levels in the glomeruli and serum levels of the anti-dsDNA antibody were determined. Mesangial cells (MCs) were cultured in vitro, and IgG-type anti-dsDNA antibody and/or emodin were added to the MC culture supernatant. In addition, TNF-α small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into MCs to explore the mechanism of action of emodin. The results showed that the mice fed emodin presented decreases in the urinary protein content and glomerular TNF-α, ICAM-1 and FN levels (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the urine protein, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and FN levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P&lt;0.05). In vitro, the anti-dsDNA antibody group exhibited increased levels of ICAM-1 and TNF-α (P&lt;0.05), and the anti-dsDNA antibody group showed myofibroblast-like structural changes. The aforementioned indexes were decreased in the emodin group (P&lt;0.05), and the extent of transdifferentiation was significantly reduced. Moreover, the level of ICAM-1 decreased with the down-regulation of TNF-α (P&lt;0.05). Emodin reduced the urine protein levels and serum levels of the anti-dsDNA antibody in a mouse model of lupus nephritis (LN). The underlying mechanism may be related to decreased levels of TNF-α, ICAM-1 and FN and the inhibition of dsDNA antibody-induced MC damage.
Implementation of COVID-19 Protocols and Tele-Triage in an Academic Ophthalmology Department
Authors: Scanzera Angelica C. , Cole Emily , Valikodath Nita , Pham Chau , Vajaranant Thasarat Sutabutr , Edward Deepak P. , Hallak Joelle A. , Leiderman Yannek I. , Kalinoski Lauren , MacIntosh Peter , Aref Ahmad A. , Shukla Deepak , Bhat Pooja , Tu Elmer , Chan R.V. Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected academic ophthalmology departments globally, causing changes in educational, research, and clinical operations in the short and long term. Healthcare workers are at higher risk of contracting the disease and given early reports suggestive of transmission through the tear film in COVID-19 cases with conjunctivitis, and close proximity during examination, eye care providers in particular may be at increased risk.
Objective To provide the experience from a single academic ophthalmology program in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods This article describes the changes executed in the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, with emphasis on the implementation of a tele-triage process for urgent visits.
Results In response to the pandemic, our department made rapid changes to its departmental protocols for education, research, and patient management. Early measures focused on limiting face-to-face interactions among patients, staff, residents, and faculty, decreasing the risk of exposure to disease while also providing access for patients in urgent need of care.
Conclusion We hope that the UIC experience will assist other academic tertiary referral centers in maximizing their opportunities to deliver excellent patient care while minimizing risks to patient and provider, all while continuing to provide a quality graduate medical educational experience during and beyond the pandemic.
Percutaneous Scaphoid Fixation: Experience Value among Different Approaches
Authors: Ramos-Marques Nuno , Ferrão Ana , Morais Bruno , Barreira Mariana , Teixeira Frederico 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Percutaneous scaphoid osteosynthesis is an attractive and increasingly popular option, as a treatment for acute scaphoid fractures in selected cases, and as an alternative to conservative treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the radiographic positioning of the screw in percutaneous scaphoid fixation, taking into consideration the surgeons' experience, and the difference between volar and dorsal approaches.
Methods We retrospectively assessed patients undergoing percutaneous scaphoid fixation from 2013 to 2019. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) scaphoid waist fractures (Herbert's B2), (2) a minimum of 18 years of age and a maximum of 55 years of age, (3) dominant hand, (4) manual work, (5) minimum follow-up time of 6 months, and (6) without associated lesions. Criteria for correct positioning are as follows: (1) on the axis or parallel to the scaphoid axis with a maximum deviation of 1.5 mm volar/dorsal, (2) without proximal/dorsal prominence, (3) correct scaphoid alignment/reduction, and (4) absence of threads in the fracture site. Radiographs were evaluated separately by a hand surgeon, a general orthopaedic surgeon, and an orthopaedic resident.
Results With a total of 39 patients, a dorsal approach was performed in 10 patients and a palmar approach in 29 patients. We verified a very good interobserver reliability. The hand surgeon's team correctly positioned 15 (83.3%, 15/18), while the other team did 9 correctly (42.9%, 9/21). Comparing teams according to the approach used, the dorsal approach did not show a statistical difference, while the same was not true for the volar approach (p < 0.05).
Conclusion This points to a positive impact on the team's experience in the positioning of the screws, and therefore in the benefit of treatment by teams dedicated to the area, while daring to suggest that less-experienced surgeons should utilize the dorsal approach.
Size Matters: Rethinking of the Sizing Classification of Pituitary Adenomas Based on the Rates of Surgery: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study of 29,651 Patients
Authors: Bhimani Abhiraj D. , Schupper Alexander J. , Arnone Gregory D. , Chada Deeksha , Chaker Anisse N. , Mohammadi Nicki , Hadjipanayis Costas G. , Mehta Ankit I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Pituitary adenomas are historically classified into microadenoma or macroadenomas based on size less than or greater than/equal to 1c m. “Giant” adenomas describe tumors ≥4 cm. The aim of this study is to present an evidence-based approach to size classification based on national trends.
Design The design involved is multi-institutional retrospective study.
Participants A total of 29,651 patients were studied from National Cancer Institute's SEER program from 2004 to 2016 across the United States.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures include demographics, treatment characteristics, and overall survival in the population.
Results At the 20-mm threshold, the likelihood of operation exceeds the likelihood of nonoperative management. Patients with adenoma size 1 to 19 mm had significantly longer overall survival compared with 20 to 50 mm (Log rank: p < 0.0001). No survival difference was found between size 20 to 29 mm and larger. There was no significant difference in the rate of surgery between 30 to 39 mm and 40 to 50 mm tumors(p = 0.5035). Surgery group had a higher overall survival compared with nonsurgically managed patients (Log rank: p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Microadenoma has classically been used to describe pituitary tumors less than 1 cm, though no clinical significance of this threshold has been demonstrated. The current study suggests a size cut-off of 20 or 30 mm as more clinically relevant. Still, future studies are warranted to examine the significance of this classification by specific tumor type, and subclassified as appropriate. There is no difference in the rate of surgery or survival for adenomas between 30 and 50 mm, challenging the 4-mm cutoff threshold for “giant” adenoma.
Utility of Nasal Access Guides in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Assessment of Use during Cadaveric Dissection and Workflow Analysis in Surgery
Authors: Velasquez Nathalia , Ahmed Omar H. , Lavigne Philippe , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. , Wang Eric W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background A nasal access guide (NAG) for endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to the skull-base has been developed and approved for clinical use but its utility has not been formally investigated.
Objective The study aims to assess the effect of a NAG on endoscopic visualization during cadaveric dissection and to perform a workflow analysis with process-based performance measures in the operating room and their effect on clinical outcomes.
Methods Skull-base course participants were observed during hands-on cadaveric dissection with and without NAG. Instances of endoscope withdrawal for lens cleaning and inadequate visualization due to lens soiling were tabulated. Participants completed a Likert-scale survey examining the NAG utility and provided an overall grading. Surgical workflow and process-based performance on patients undergoing EEA to the skull-base was analyzed. Passage of powered and dissecting instruments, removal of endoscopes for cleaning, and dislodgment or migration of the device were reviewed. Postoperative assessments included mucosal trauma and synechiae formation.
Results Instances of endoscope soiling and manual cleaning were significantly reduced by 40% and 61% with the NAG during cadaveric dissection. The overall grading of the device was 2.75/3. Surgical workflow was observed in 35 patients. Average number of passes of endoscopes, instruments, and powered tools during a 10-minute observation period were 3,17, and 5 during the surgical approach, and 3, 18, and 1 during tumor dissection. Dislodgement of the device occurred in 25.7% and migration of the device in 2.8% of cases. Postoperative synechiae, exposed cartilage or septal perforation was not observed in follow up.
Conclusion NAG can significantly reduce inadequate visualization during EEA to the skull-base and has the potential to reduce instances of nasal trauma. Participants assessed its overall utility as being “excellent.”
Anatomical Limits of the Endoscopic Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach to the Petrous Apex and Petroclival Region
Authors: Mangussi-Gomes João , Alves-Belo João T. , Truong Huy Q. , Nogueira Gustavo F. , Wang Eric W. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to establish the anatomical landmarks for performing a contralateral transmaxillary approach (CTM) to the petrous apex (PA) and petroclival region (PCR), and to compare CTM with a purely endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).
Design EEA and CTM to the PA and PCR were performed bilaterally in eight human anatomical specimens. Surgical techniques and anatomical landmarks were described, and EEA was compared with CTM with respect to ability to reach the contralateral internal acoustic canal (IAC). Computed tomographic scans of 25 cadaveric heads were analyzed and the “angle” and “reach” of CTM and EEA were measured.
Results Entry to the PA via a medial approach was limited by (1) abducens nerve superiorly, (2) internal carotid artery (ICA) laterally, and (3) petroclival synchondrosis inferiorly (Gardner's triangle). With CTM, it was possible to reach the contralateral IAC bilaterally in all specimens dissected, without dissection of the ipsilateral ICAs, pterygopalatine fossae, and Eustachian tubes. Without CTM, reaching the contralateral IAC was possible only if: (1) angled endoscopes and instruments were employed or (2) the pterygopalatine fossa was dissected with mobilization of the ICA and resection of the Eustachian tube. The average “angle” and “reach” advantages for CTM were 25.6-degree greater angle of approach behind the petrous ICA and 1.4-cm more lateral reach.
Conclusion The techniques and anatomical landmarks for CTM to the PA and PCR are described. Compared with a purely EEA, the CTM provides significant “angle” and “reach” advantages for the PA and PCR.
Critical factors influencing the adoption of digital marketing devices by service-oriented micro-businesses in Nigeria: A thematic analysis approach
Authors: Eze Sunday C. , Chinedu-Eze Vera C. A. , Okike Clinton K. , Bello Adenike O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines critical success factors shaping the adoption of digital marketing devices (DMD) by micro-businesses. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Both unstructured and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 26 micro-businesses drawn purposefully from the online database and underpinned by technology, organisation and environment (TOE) framework. This helped to unravel 14 critical success factors influencing the adoption of DMD by micro-businesses in Nigeria. These factors include functional capability, adaptive capacity and expandability which are related to technology context. Collective understanding, degree of partnership and diversity of information are linked to the organisation context while the level of training, quality of service delivery, customer fulfilment and intense competition are associated with environmental context. The study expanded the TOE framework by unravelling the impact expectancy context which is associated with factors, such as budget, business expansion, diversity and return on investment. This study will be of importance to academics and practitioners because it provides further awareness into DMD adoption framework, factors critical to the DMD adoption and may assist in reducing the number of resources spent in search of information aimed at helping DMD adoption by micro-businesses.
Plant water relations.
Authors: Girón Amaranta , Alcocer Christian , Espadas Francisco , Talavera Carlos , Estrella Humberto , Chan Arianna , Fuentes Gabriela , Mitra Sisir , Santamaria Jorge M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter provides information on the common response of pawpaws (Carica papaya) to water stress, including chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2. Pawpaw can tolerate some water deficit without significant reduction in yield components, indicating that the full amount of the recommended irrigation can be reduced but there is little or no benefit to partial root drying. Experimental evidence suggests that pawpaws exhibit some signs of stress memory, but that rapid short-term acclimatization responses dominate pawpaw's response to soil water deficit. Decreased plant growth under water deficit is due to reductions in the carbon balance in the plant which affects photosynthesis. However, it is still not clear whether the restrictive factor for photosynthesis under water deficit stress is due to stomatal closure or is due to incomplete metabolism.
Insect and nematode pests.
Authors: Khan Matiyar Rahaman , Ghosh Amalendu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter describes some insect, arthropod and nematode pests of pawpaws (Carica papaya): Paracoccus marginatus, Ferrisia virgata, Aonidiella orientalis, Toxotrypana curvicauda [Anastrepha curvicauda], Thrips parvispinus, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, Tetranychus urticae, Amblypelta nitida, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Rotylenchulus reniformis, R. parvus and Xiphinema basiri. Information is given on their biology, crop damage and control.
Postharvest handling, storage and quality.
Authors: Muda Pauziah , Chen Nancy Jung , Paull Robert E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter provides information on the various factors to consider during the harvesting and handling of pawpaw fruits, such as fruit maturity and visual and sensorial quality characteristics. The benefits of the use of coatings and wraps, optimum temperatures and various packing and storage methods for prolonging the fruit quality of pawpaws during storage and transport are also pointed out. Information on the ethylene sensitivity of pawpaw fruits, postharvest quality losses and postharvest handling and storage-related disorders, insect pests and diseases are also discussed.
Revisiting radiative leptonic B decay *
Authors: Shen Yue-Long , Wei Yan-Bing , Zhao Xue-Chen , Zhou Si-Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we summarize the existing methods of solving the evolution equation of the leading-twist B-meson LCDA. Then, in the Mellin space, we derive a factorization formula with next-to-leading-logarithmic (NLL) resummation for the form factors

in the

decay at leading power in

. Furthermore, we investigate the power suppressed local contributions, factorizable non-local contributions (which are suppressed by

and

), and soft contributions to the form factors. In the numerical analysis, which employs the two-loop-level hard function and the jet function, we find that both the resummation effect and the power corrections can sizably decrease the form factors. Finally, the integrated branching ratios are also calculated for comparison with future experimental data.
SECONIC: Towards multi-compartmental models for ultrasonic brain stimulation by intramembrane cavitation
*
Authors: Tarnaud Thomas , Joseph Wout , Schoeters Ruben , Martens Luc , Tanghe Emmeric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. To design a computationally efficient model for ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) of morphologically realistic multi-compartmental neurons based on intramembrane cavitation. Approach. A Spatially Extended Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation model that accurately predicts observed fast Charge Oscillations (SECONIC) is designed. A regular spiking cortical Hodgkin-Huxley type nanoscale neuron model of the bilayer sonophore and surrounding proteins is used. The accuracy and computational efficiency of SECONIC is compared with the Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation Excitation (NICE) and multiScale Optimized model of Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation (SONIC). Main results. Membrane charge redistribution between different compartments should be taken into account via fourier series analysis in an accurate multi-compartmental UNMOD-model. Approximating charge and voltage traces with the harmonic term and first two overtones results in reasonable goodness-of-fit, except for high ultrasonic pressure (adjusted R-squared ≥0.61). Taking into account the first eight overtones results in a very good fourier series fit (adjusted R-squared ≥0.96) up to 600 kPa. Next, the dependency of effective voltage and rate parameters on charge oscillations is investigated. The two-tone SECONIC-model is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the NICE-model and demonstrates accurate results for ultrasonic pressure up to 100 kPa. Significance. Up to now, the underlying mechanism of UNMOD is not well understood. Here, the extension of the bilayer sonophore model to spatially extended neurons via the design of a multi-compartmental UNMOD-model, will result in more detailed predictions that can be used to validate or falsify this tentative mechanism. Furthermore, a multi-compartmental model for UNMOD is required for neural engineering studies that couple finite difference time domain simulations with neuronal models. Here, we propose the SECONIC-model, extending the SONIC-model by taking into account charge redistribution between compartments.
Material and Geometry Selection of a Multi-layer Microcantilever Thermal Sensor with Piezoresistive Readout
Authors: Mathew Ribu , Krishna Amal , Nag Kunal , Sathvik S , Sharma Aditi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years, micro cantilever thermal sensors with integrated piezoresistive readout have been extensively explored. In this paper, we perform the material and geometry selection of a multi-layer cantilever thermal sensor for maximizing its thermal sensitivity. Present work is performed in two phases. In the first phase, material selection of constituent layers of the cantilever thermal sensor is performed considering various material set reported in the literature. Subsequently, impact of sensor geometry on thermal and electrical sensitivities of the sensor is investigated using computations. Results show that for the chosen material set compared to various cantilever shapes reported in the literature, slender rectangular cantilever platform depicts higher thermal sensitivity. Further, it is observed that the sensor depicts an electrical sensitivity in the range of 1*10−2.
Contemporary development state of reservoir Yu1, the Verkh-Tarskoe oilfield (south of Western Siberia)
Authors: Novikov D A , Pavlova S A , Yu Kuznetsov D , Ryzhkova S V , Chernikov A A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper provides results of the field-geological information analysis in order to evaluate the current development stage of reservoir Yu1 of the Verkh-Tarskoe oilfield. The main recoverableasset is currently indevelopment phase III (declining production). The total well stock consists of 175 wells, of which 134 are producing.The monthly volume of water injection into the reservoir pressure maintenance (RPM) system reaches 100, 000 m3, and fluidproductionis about 170, 000 m3 with averagewater flooding of producing wells is90.4%. The structures with complex geometry thatformedwithin thehydrodynamic field where the deep pressure sinks are associated withproduction wells, and piezomaximawith injection wells.Given the multi-facies pattern of thesandstone depositional environmentsand secondary processes ofrocks metamorphismduringcatagenesis, thetarget reservoirhas a complex structure and its study in greater detail willrequirebuilding a new geological modelof the oilfieldand more precisedefinition engineeringto achieve maximumrecovery.
Calculation of the neutron flux distribution in the accelerator driven subcritical reactor with (Th-233U)O2 and (Th-235U)O2 mix fuel
Authors: Minh Tien Tran , Quoc Dung Tran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of calculating the neutron flux distribution in an accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) with (Th-233U)O2 and (Th-235U)O2mixed fuel. An ADSR consists of 90 fuel rods, and 10 graphite reflector rods. All objects are placed in liquid lead. Thorium is replaced by mixture of (Th-233U)O2 and (Th-235U)O2; MCNP5 program has been used to calculate radial distribution of the neutron flux, axial distribution and energy distribution from (p, n) reaction.The calculation results show that the axial distribution of the thermal and fast neutron flux reduce from the center of core but reduction rate is different.The thermal neutron flux decreases gradually from 0 to 2.5cm; decreases rapidly from 25cm to 5cm. In comparison, the thermal neutron flux is smaller than fast neutron flux from 0 to 4cm along the radius but the thermal neutron flux is larger than fast neutron flux at distances greater than 5cm along the radius of the reactor.