bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in community assemblages and trophic networks of aphids and parasitoids in protected crops
Authors: Postic Estelle , Le Ralec Anne , Buchard Christelle , Granado Caroline , Outreman Yannick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGreenhouse crops are thought to be simplified ecosystems because they often consist of monocultures that are relatively isolated from their environment. However, insect pests are still able to colonize these protected crops, which threaten their yields. Similarly, natural enemies of pests may be able to colonize greenhouses, providing a form of natural biological pest control. Protected strawberry crops are grown in several types of greenhouses that vary in their degree of openness. Crops often suffer from aphid outbreaks, which can be partly controlled by insect parasitoids immigrating from the surrounding environment. We investigated variations over space and time in both the aphid and parasitoid community diversity and species assemblages associated with protected strawberry crops. We sampled aphids and parasitoids in five regions of France in the spring and summer of two successive years. Despite the relative isolation of these protected crops, we identified a high aphid species richness in them, even at the greenhouse scale. Aphid community composition varied with spatial and temporal factors, but the species assemblages present were mostly determined by local factors. Parasitoid communities were mostly similar among the studied regions, but varied between seasons, with this temporal variation being related to changes in aphid species composition. The study of trophic interactions occurring between aphids and parasitoids allowed the most prevalent and efficient parasitoid species to be identified. The structures of food webs strongly varied in time and space, compromising any prediction of “natural” biological control. We also highlighted ecological factors that can disrupt aphid biological control, such as the occurrence of hyperparasitism or the possibility of apparent mutualism between aphid species. Finally, we showed that the degree of openness of greenhouses influenced both the aphid communities and the hyperparasitism rates in them. These results provide valuable information to improve aphid biological control in protected crops.
Ensemble forecasting of the Zika space‐time spread with topological data analysis
Authors: Soliman Marwah , Lyubchich Vyacheslav , Gel Yulia R. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAs per the records of the World Health Organization, the first formally reported incidence of Zika virus occurred in Brazil in May 2015. The disease then rapidly spread to other countries in Americas and East Asia, affecting more than 1,000,000 people. Zika virus is primarily transmitted through bites of infected mosquitoes of the species Aedes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The abundance of mosquitoes and, as a result, the prevalence of Zika virus infections are common in areas which have high precipitation, high temperature, and high population density. Nonlinear spatio‐temporal dependency of such data and lack of historical public health records make prediction of the virus spread particularly challenging. In this article, we enhance Zika forecasting by introducing the concepts of topological data analysis and, specifically, persistent homology of atmospheric variables, into the virus spread modeling. The topological summaries allow for capturing higher order dependencies among atmospheric variables that otherwise might be unassessable via conventional spatio‐temporal modeling approaches based on geographical proximity assessed via Euclidean distance. We introduce a new concept of cumulative Betti numbers and then integrate the cumulative Betti numbers as topological descriptors into three predictive machine learning models: random forest, generalized boosted regression, and deep neural network. Furthermore, to better quantify for various sources of uncertainties, we combine the resulting individual model forecasts into an ensemble of the Zika spread predictions using Bayesian model averaging. The proposed methodology is illustrated in application to forecasting of the Zika space‐time spread in Brazil in the year 2018.
Evaluation of Phenolic Compound Toxicity Using a Bioluminescent Assay with the Fungus Gerronema viridilucens
Authors: Ventura Fernanda F. , Mendes Luiz F. , Oliveira Anderson G. , Bazito Reinaldo C. , Bechara Etelvino J.H. , Freire Renato S. , Stevani Cassius V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Basidiomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota) are filamentous fungi characterized by the exogenous formation of spores on a club-shaped cell called a basidium that are often formed on complex fruiting bodies (mushrooms). Many basidiomycetes serve an important role in recycling lignocellulosic material to higher trophic levels, and some show symbiotic relationships with plants. All known bioluminescent fungi are mushroom-forming basidiomycetes in the order Agaricales. Hence, the disruption of the basidiomycete community can entirely compromise the carbon cycle in nature from fungi to higher trophic levels. The fungus Gerronema viridilucens was used in the present study to investigate the toxicity of a phenolic compound series based on the inhibition of its bioluminescence. The median effect concentration (EC50) obtained from curves of bioluminescence inhibition versus log [phenolic compound] showed that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was the most toxic compound in the series. The log EC50 values of all phenolic compounds were then used for the prediction of their toxicity. The univariate correlation of log EC50 values obtained from 6 different phenolic compounds was stronger with the dissociation constant (pKa) than with 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW). Nevertheless, the toxicity can be better predicted by using both parameters, suggesting that the phenol-driven uncoupling of fungus mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis is the origin of phenolic compound toxicity to the test fungus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1558–1565. © 2020 SETAC
Temperature-Related Responses of an Invasive Mussel and 2 Unionid Mussels to Elevated Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Waller Diane L. , Bartsch Michelle R. , Lord Eric G. , Erickson Richard A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have exacerbated the decline of native freshwater mussels (order Unionida) in North America since their arrival in the 1980s. Options for controlling invasive mussels, particularly in unionid mussel habitats, are limited. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO2) showed selective toxicity for zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12 °C). We first determined 96-h lethal concentrations of CO2 at 5 and 20 °C to zebra mussels and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium). Next, we compared the time to lethality for zebra mussels at 5, 12, and 20 °C during exposure to partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) values of 110 to 120 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook and fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis). We found efficacious CO2 treatment regimens at each temperature that were minimally lethal to unionids. At 5 °C, plain pocketbook survived 96-h exposure to the highest PCO2 treatment (139 atm). At 20 °C, the 96-h lethal concentration to 10% of animals (LC10) for plain pocketbook (173 atm PCO2, 95% CI 147–198 atm) was higher than the LC99 for zebra mussels (118 atm PCO2, 95% CI 109–127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of zebra mussels in 110 to 120 atm PCO2 ranged from 100 h at 20 °C to 300 h at 5 °C. Mean survival of both plain pocketbook and fragile papershell juveniles exceeded 85% in LT99 CO2 treatments at all temperatures. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by zebra mussels with limited adverse effects on unionid mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1546–1557. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Nuclear factor of activated T cells as a marker of in vivo low‐dose dibenzo[a,h]anthracene exposure
Authors: He Cuiying , Shen Mengyue , Morita Kentaro , Wang Duo , Kanazawa Tamotsu , Yoshida Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) suppresses the immune response in the spleen in vivo. Although PM2.5 includes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) such as dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA), it is unclear whether PAH has a direct effect on the responses of splenocytes. In our study, the concentration of DBA used was approximately 0.8 μm, which is much lower than concentrations used in other toxicological studies of DBA. Although exposure to high concentrations of DBA is implicated in carcinogenesis, the effects of low doses of DBA on immune cells in vivo remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of low DBA doses on mouse splenocytes in vivo. Mice were administered dimethyl sulfoxide or DBA (0.4 or 0.8 μm) intratracheally. Twenty‐four hours after treatment, the mice were killed and their splenocytes were collected. DBA treatment enhanced mitogen‐induced cell proliferation and cytokine production in the mouse splenocytes. Furthermore, DBA enhanced splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cell proliferation and cytokine production. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was activated in CD4+ cells. DBA also activated nuclear factor‐kappa B and CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein pathways in CD11b+ cells. DBA‐enhanced splenocyte activation was Toll‐like receptor 2‐, 4‐, 9‐ and MyD88‐independent. These results suggest that NFAT represents a promising marker for evaluation of the effects of DBA on T cells and T‐cell‐dependent antibody responses.
Combined effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on the blood glucose homeostasis in young rats after oral administration
Authors: Chen Zhangjian , Han Shuo , Zheng Pai , Zhou Shupei , Jia Guang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were usually consumed with a high content of sugar, and children were identified as having the highest exposures due to sweet food preferences. Research on the combined effect of ingested TiO2 NPs and glucose has great significance, particularly in young people. We examined young Sprague‐Dawley rats administered TiO2 NPs (0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg) orally with and without glucose (1.8 g/kg) for 90 days. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by monitoring blood glucose and detecting glycoproteins. Glucose tolerance was also evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test. The levels of blood glucose‐related hormones such as insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon were measured. We found that subchronic co‐exposure of TiO2 NPs and glucose caused slight imbalance of blood glucose homeostasis in vivo. Mild and temporary hypoglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and changes of glucose‐regulating hormones were shown in the exposure groups. The combined effect of TiO2 NPs and glucose was more apparent than that of TiO2 NPs alone, which may be due to the effects of excess glucose and the interactions between TiO2 NPs and glucose. The antagonistic effect of TiO2 NPs with glucose did exist in the level of glycosylated hemoglobin in female rats. Gender differences were apparent in these effects induced by TiO2 NPs and glucose. Female rats seemed to be more susceptible for blood glucose disorders. Co‐exposure of TiO2 NPs and excessive glucose could induce gender‐dependent imbalance of blood glucose homeostasis in rats. It may be the reason that these consumers face greater health risks glycosylated hemoglobin.
Estrogen receptor α activation aggravates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis in mice by enhancing dendritic cell interleukin‐23 secretion
Authors: Iwano Rena , Iwashita Naoki , Takagi Yoshiichi , Fukuyama Tomoki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur recent study has reported that estrogen receptors (ERs) are involved in several types of allergy development. This study aims to investigate the possible relationship between ER activation and development of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis. A mouse model of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis was generated by 5 days of topical application of 5% of imiquimod cream on the back of the ear and the shaved back skin of male BALB/c mice. From the second day of applying 5% imiquimod cream, either ERα selective agonist (propylpyrazoletriol [PPT] 2.5 mg/kg) or ERβ selective agonist (diarylpropionitrile, DPN; 2.5 mg/kg) was administered orally for four consecutive days. Immediately after the final imiquimod cream application, scratching behavior was video monitored for 2 hours. The ear‐swelling response was determined by comparing ear thickness before and after the final application of imiquimod cream. Twenty‐four hours after the final imiquimod application, back skin tissue and auricular lymph nodes were isolated under isoflurane anesthesia. Oral administration of PPT significantly induced itch behavior and proinflammatory responses, including the levels of interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐22, whereas DPN treatment did not influence either pruritic or proinflammatory responses. In addition, IL‐23 contribution by dendritic cells was identified using ER agonists on pretreated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). PPT also significantly enhanced IL‐23 secretion by LPS‐stimulated BMDCs. Our findings indicate that the activation of ERα, but not ERβ, is directly associated with inflammatory and pruritic responses in a mouse model of the imiquimod‐induced psoriasis by enhancing the secretion of IL‐23 by dendritic cells.
In vivo noninvasive measurement of spatially resolved corneal elasticity in human eyes using Lamb wave optical coherence elastography
Authors: Jin Zi , Chen Sisi , Dai Yingying , Bao Chenhong , Ye Shuling , Zhou Yuheng , Wang Yiyi , Huang Shenghai , Wang Yuanyuan , Shen Meixiao , Zhu Dexi , Lu Fan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrent elastography techniques are limited in application to accurately assess spatially resolved corneal elasticity in vivo for human eyes. The air‐puff optical coherence elastography (OCE) with an eye motion artifacts correction algorithm is developed to distinguish the in vivo cornea vibration from the eye motion and visualize the Lamb wave propagation clearly in healthy subjects. Based on the Lamb wave model, the phase velocity dispersion curve in the high‐frequency is calculated to obtain spatially resolved corneal elasticity accurately with high repeatability. It is found that the corneal elasticity has regional variations and is correlated with intraocular pressure, which suggests that the method has the potential to provide noninvasive measurement of spatially resolved corneal elasticity in clinical practice.
Potential Biomarkers of the Turnover, Mineralization, and Volume Classification: Results Using NMR Metabolomics in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Baptista Aline L , Padilha Kallyandra , Malagrino Pamella A , Venturini Gabriela , Zeri Ana CM , dos Reis Luciene M , Martins Janaina S , Jorgetti Vanda , Pereira Alexandre C , Titan Silvia M , Moyses Rosa MA 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBone biopsy is still the gold standard to assess bone turnover (T), mineralization (M), and volume (V) in CKD patients, and serum biomarkers are not able to replace histomorphometry. Recently, metabolomics has emerged as a new technique that could allow for the identification of new biomarkers useful for disease diagnosis or for the understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms, but it has never been assessed in the chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) scenario. In this study, we investigated the association between serum metabolites and the bone TMV classification in patients with end‐stage renal disease by using serum NMR spectroscopy and bone biopsy of 49 hemodialysis patients from a single center in Brazil. High T was identified in 21 patients and was associated with higher levels of dimethylsulfone, glycine, citrate, and N‐acetylornithine. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve for the combination of PTH and these metabolites provided an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97). Abnormal M was identified in 30 patients and was associated with lower ethanol. The AUC for age, diabetes mellitus, and ethanol was 0.83 (0.71 to 0.96). Low V was identified in 17 patients and was associated with lower carnitine. The association of age, phosphate, and carnitine provided an AUC of 0.83 (0.70 to 0.96). Although differences among the curves by adding selected metabolites to traditional models were not statistically significant, the accuracy of the diagnosis according to the TMV classification seemed to be improved. This is the first study to evaluate the TMV classification system in relation to the serum metabolome assessed by NMR spectroscopy, showing that selected metabolites may help in the evaluation of bone phenotypes in CKD–MBD. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mice Carrying a Ubiquitous R235W Mutation of Wnt1 Display a Bone-Specific Phenotype
Authors: Yorgan Timur Alexander , Rolvien Tim , Stürznickel Julian , Vollersen Nele , Lange Fabiola , Zhao Wenbo , Baranowsky Anke , Rosenthal Lana , Hermans-Borgmeyer Irm , Sharaf Ahmed , Karsak Meliha , David Jean-Pierre , Oheim Ralf , Amling Michael , Schinke Thorsten 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Since a key function of Wnt1 in brain development was established early on through the generation of non-viable Wnt1-deficient mice, it was initially surprising that WNT1 mutations were found to cause either early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP) or osteogenesis imperfecta type XV (OIXV). The deduced function of Wnt1 as an osteoanabolic factor has been confirmed in various mousemodels with bone-specific inactivation or overexpression, but mice carrying disease-causing Wnt1 mutations have not yet been described. Triggered by the clinical analysis of EOOP patients carrying a heterozygous WNT1 mutation (p.R235W), we introduced thismutation into themurine Wnt1 gene to address the question of whether this would cause a skeletal phenotype. We observed that Wnt1+/R235W and Wnt1R235W/R235W mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and that they did not display postnatal lethality or obvious nonskeletal phenotypes. At 12 weeks of age, the homozygous presence of the Wnt1 mutation was associated with reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass, explained by a lower bone formation rate compared with wild-type littermates. At 52 weeks of age, we also observed a moderate bone mass reduction in heterozygous Wnt1+/R235W mice, thereby underscoring their value as amodel of WNT1-dependent EOOP. Importantly, when we treated wild-type and Wnt1+/R235W mice by daily injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH), we detected the same osteoanabolic influence in both groups, together with an increased cortical thickness in themutant mice. Our data demonstrate the pathogenicity of the WNT1-R235W mutation, confirm that controlling skeletal integrity is the primary physiological function of Wnt1, and suggest that osteoanabolic treatment with teriparatide should be applicable for individuals with WNT1-dependent EOOP. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Combinatorial designs for deep learning
Authors: Chisaki Shoko , Fuji‐Hara Ryoh , Miyamoto Nobuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeep learning is a machine learning methodology using a multilayer neural network. Let be mutually disjoint node sets (layers). A multilayer neural network can be regarded as a union of the complete bipartite graphs on consecutive two node sets and for . The edges of a bipartite graph function as weights which are represented as a matrix. The values of th layer are basically computed by multiplication of the weight matrix and values of th layer. Using mass training and teacher data, the weight parameters are estimated little by little. Overfitting (or overlearning) refers to a model that models the “training data” too well. It then becomes difficult for the model to generalize to new data which were not in the training set. The most popular method to avoid overfitting is called dropout. Dropout zeros out a random sample of activations (nodes) during the training process. A random sampling of nodes causes more irregular frequency of dropout edges. There is a similar sampling concept in the area of design of experiments. We propose a combinatorial design that drops out nodes from each layer. This design balances the edge frequencies. We analyze and construct such designs in this paper.
Neutrophil dysfunction predicts 90‐day survival in patients with acute on chronic liver failure: A longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Makkar Kunaal , Tomer Shallu , Verma Nipun , Rathi Sahaj , Arora Sunil K , Taneja Sunil , Duseja Ajay , Chawla Yogesh K , Dhiman Radha K 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimInnate immune disarray is a key component in the development and progression of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and predisposition to infections. We evaluated the neutrophil dysfunction and its impact on outcomes in patients with ACLF.MethodsForty patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (10 each of grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 ACLF) and 10 healthy controls were prospectively evaluated for neutrophil immunophenotype (NP), neutrophil phagocytic capacity (NPC), and oxidative burst (OB) in both resting and stimulated conditions. The patients were followed up for 90 days or until death or transplant, whichever was earlier.ResultsNP was normal (in %) and NPC (in mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]) was better in controls compared to patients with ACLF (83.74 ± 12.38 vs 63.84 ± 22.98; P = 0.007 and 98.33 ± 130.60 vs 18.73 ± 17.88, P = 0.001, respectively). Resting OB was higher in patients with ACLF compared to controls (97 ± 4.9% vs 91 ± 9%; P = 0.034), but it failed to increase further after stimulation, suggesting an immune exhaustion. NP was normal (in %) and NPC (in MFI) was better in 90‐day survivors compared to nonsurvivors (78 ± 11.9 vs 62.2 ± 24.11, P = 0.02 and 33.3 ± 22.7 vs 16.36 ± 13.3; P = 0.004, respectively). Phenotypically normal neutrophils >71.7% had 78.6% sensitivity and 65.4% specificity with an area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.90); P = 0.017, and NPC >17.32. MFI had 71.4% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity with an AUROC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54–0.86), P = 0.035, in predicting 90‐day survival.ConclusionNeutrophils have impaired bactericidal function in patients with ACLF compared to healthy adults. Neutrophil phenotype and phagocytic capacity may be used to predict 90‐day survival in patients with ACLF.