bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of source- and ground-motion model choices on probabilistic seismic hazard levels at 6 sites in France
Authors: Beauval Céline , Bard Pierre-Yves , Danciu Laurentiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study focused on France, we explore the uncertainties related to choices made while building a source model for hazard assessment and we quantify the impact on probabilistic hazard estimates. Earthquake recurrence models are initially built from the French Seismic CATalog (FCAT, Manchuel et al. in Bull Earthq Eng, 2018.10.1007/s10518-017-0236-1). We set up a logic tree that includes two alternative seismogenic source models (ESHM13 and Baize et al. in Bull Soc Géol Fr 184(3):225–259, 2013), two versions of FCAT catalog, two alternative declustering algorithms, and three alternative minimum magnitudes for earthquake recurrence modeling. We calculate the hazard for six cities (i.e. Nantes, Lourdes, Clermont-Ferrand, Briançon, Nice and Strasbourg) that are located in source zones with a minimum amount of data to work with. Results are displayed for the PGA and spectral period 0.2 s, at return periods 475 and 5000 years. Exploration of the logic tree shows that the parameters with the most impact on hazard results are the minimum magnitude used in the recurrence modeling (up to 31%) and the selection of the seismogenic source model (up to 30%). We also use the SHARE European Earthquake Catalog (SHEEC, Woessner et al. in Bull Earthquake Eng, 2015.10.1007/s10518-015-9795-1) to build earthquake recurrence models and compare hazard values obtained with the FCAT logic tree. Comparisons are limited because of the low number of events available in some sources in SHEEC; however, results show that, depending on the site considered, the earthquake catalog selection can also strongly impact the hazard estimates (up to 50%). The FCAT logic tree is combined with four ground-motion models (Bindi et al. in Bull Earthq Eng 12(1):391–430, 2014; Boore et al. in Earthq Spectra 30(3):1057–1085, 2014; Cauzzi et al. in Bull Earthq Eng 13(6):1587–1612, 2015.10.1007/s10518-014-9685-y; Drouet and Cotton in Bull Seismol Soc Am 105(4):1883–1902, 2015) to account for the epistemic uncertainty on the prediction of ground-motion. Exploration of the logic tree shows that the contribution of ground-motion model uncertainties can be larger than, equivalent to, or lower than the contribution of the source-model uncertainties to the overall hazard variability. Which component controls overall uncertainty depends on the site, spectral period and return period. Finally, exploring the logic tree provides a distribution for the ratios between hazard levels at 5000 and 475 years return periods, revealing that the ratios only slightly depend on source-model uncertainties, vary strongly from site to site, and can take values between 3 and 5, which is significantly higher than what is commonly assumed in the engineering community.
Depth-distribution of lake benthic diatom assemblages in relation to light availability and substrate: implications for paleolimnological studies
Authors: Hofmann Andrea M. , Geist Juergen , Nowotny Lena , Raeder Uta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the depth distributions of benthic diatoms in two adjacent, but hydrologically distinct subalpine lakes (Lakes Soiernseen, S-Germany). Lake Unterer Soiernsee is affected by marked water-level fluctuations and is light-penetrated to the bottom most of the year, while Lake Oberer Soiernsee provides more stable conditions and an extended aphotic zone. Mixed samples of epiphytic, epilithic, epipsammic and epipelic periphyton were taken in one-meter depth steps by scuba divers. Most of the common benthic diatoms occurred in distinct depth-areas. RDA analyses showed that depth was strongly correlated with species distribution in both lakes. Depth-constrained cluster analyses indicated three distinct diatom community zones in each lake. A shallow littoral zone hosting mainly epiphytic and epilithic species and a deeper littoral zone with mainly epipsammic and epipelic taxa existed in both lakes. Additionally, a highly disturbed near-shore littoral zone with diatoms adapted to unstable conditions (aerophilic taxa, pioneer species) was found in Lake Unterer Soiernsee, and a deep-water pelagic zone with mainly planktonic taxa in Lake Oberer Soiernsee. Light availability, substrate, physical stressors and nutrient concentrations were linked closely with water depth. While light availability affected the ratio of benthic and planktonic diatoms, substrate type influenced benthic diatom assemblage structures. Diatoms occurring in surficial sediments of the aphotic zone represent an ideal cross-section of the recent diatom assemblage of the lake, including benthic and planktonic species. However, sediment samples taken in light-flooded depths are inappropriate for studies based on shifts between benthic and planktonic taxa, because in situ benthic species dominate the surface-sediment assemblages, while settled tychoplanktonic and planktonic species occur less frequently. A diatom-inferred depth model was created for each lake to prove the usability for down-core studies using weighted-averaging approaches. For both lakes these models are highly appropriate to reconstruct past fluctuations in water-transparency or lake-level. With regard to the development of diatom-based TP-transfer-functions for Bavarian mountain lakes, we found it is highly important to consider lake depth and transparency. Based on the findings of this study we recommend the creation of two different training-sets, one for deep or low-transparency lakes with an aphotic zone including both benthic and planktonic diatoms, and another one for shallow, clear water lakes solely using benthic diatoms.
Investigating the quantity–quality relationship in scientific creativity: an empirical examination of expected residual variance and the tilted funnel hypothesis
Authors: Forthmann Boris , Leveling Mark , Dong Yixiao , Dumas Denis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong scientists who study scientific production, the relationship between the quantity of a scientist’s production and the quality of their work has long been a topic of empirical research and theoretical debate. One principal theoretical perspective on the quantity–quality relationship has been the equal odds baseline, which posits that a scientist’s number of high-quality products increases linearly with their total number of products, and that there is a zero correlation between a scientist’s total number of products and the average quality of those products. While these central tenets of the equal odds baseline are well known, it also posits a number of more specific and less discussed aspects of the quality–quantity relation, including the expected residual variance and heteroscedastic errors when quality is regressed on quantity. After a careful examination of the expected variance by means of a non-parametric bootstrap approach, we forward a further prediction based on the heteroscedasticity implied by the equal-odds baseline that we term the tilted funnel hypothesis, that describes the shape of a bivariate scatterplot when quality is regressed on quantity, as well as the change in the strength of slope coefficients at different conditional quantiles of the quality distribution. In this study, we empirically test the expected residual variance and the tilted funnel hypothesis across three large datasets (including approximately 1.5 million inventors, 1800 psychologists, and 20,000 multidisciplinary scientists). Across all of the data sets, the results empirically supported the tilted funnel hypothesis, and therefore the results provided further evidence of the utility of the equal odds baseline.
Always look on the bright side of students: does valence of teacher perceptions relate to students’ educational performance?
Authors: Tandler Nancy , Dalbert Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe studied the role of the valence of female teachers’ perceptions in predicting various student outcomes. Using a prospective design, at the beginning of Grade 5 (T1), we assessed evaluations by 43 female teachers of either mathematics or German, belonging to 22 secondary schools in Germany. We combined a qualitative measurement by using an open-ended question, with a quantitative data analysis. At T1 and T2 (4 months later), the assigned students (N = 635) reported their subject-specific achievement, learning and performance goals, and quality of relationship to their teacher. Multilevel analyses revealed that positive teacher perceptions increased future student achievement, while negative teacher perceptions reduced immediate and future learning and performance goals. Further, positive teacher perceptions explained differences in student outcomes between classes, whereas negative teacher perceptions explained differences in student outcomes between schools.
Consumer awareness campaign to reduce household food waste based on structural equation behavior modeling in Hungary
Authors: Szakos Dávid , Szabó-Bódi Barbara , Kasza Gyula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore behavioral patterns behind household food waste with partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results are based on a quantitative consumer survey with personal interviews. Sample (n = 1002) is representative of the adult population of Hungary in regard to age, sex, and geographical distribution. Statistical analysis included descriptive tests, variance analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, and PLS-SEM modeling. Based on multivariate tests, income, age, education, residence, and region were identified as the most influential socio-demographical factors of food wastage. Within the framework of the attitude model, the first PLS-SEM model (normative model) validated that all three—cognitive, affective, and conative—attitude components have an effect on food wastage behavior, but the conative component revealed to be the most important one. This underlines the importance of childhood education and awareness raising to shape routines and behavioral patterns with proper messages and impulses. Based on the second PLS-SEM model (explicative model), cooking too much food was identified as the most prominent pattern that influences food wastage. Contrary to anticipations, unplanned food purchase represented only minor significance. The results provided behavioral insights to a national level food waste prevention campaign in Hungary, called Wasteless (Maradék nélkül). This campaign plays an important role to meet the requirements of new EU legislation on food waste and the recommendations of EU Platform on Food Losses and Food Waste.
Regionalized environmental impacts of construction machinery
Authors: Ebrahimi Babak , Wallbaum Holger , Jakobsen Pål Drevland , Booto Gaylord Kabongo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to establish a regionalized environmental impact assessment of construction machinery equipped with diesel engines certified by the European emission standard Stage V, and operated in cold climatic zones in Europe.

Method
The study quantifies potential environmental impacts associated with construction machinery over the entire lifecycle, from extraction of materials to the end-of-life. For the operation phase, a meso-level emission accounting method is applied to quantify tailpipe emissions for certain subcategories of construction machinery. This is achieved by determining the operational efficiency of each machine in terms of effective hours. The quantified emission data are then adjusted based on engine deterioration models to estimate the rate of increase in emissions throughout the lifetime of each machine. Finally, the CML impact assessment method is applied to inventory data to quantify potential environmental impacts.

Results
The study shows that tailpipe emissions, which largely depend on an engine’s fuel consumption, had the largest contribution to environmental impacts in most impact categories. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between the operation weight and the impacts of the machinery. Also, machinery with similar operation weight had relatively similar impact patterns due to similar driving factors and dependencies. In addition, network, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses were performed to quantify the source of impacts and validate the robustness of the study. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the responsiveness of the studied systems is very sensitive to changes in the amount of fuel consumption. In addition, the uncertainty results showed that the domain of uncertainty increased as the operation weight subcategory of machinery increased.

Conclusion
This study extends previous work on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of construction machinery, and the methodology developed provides a basis for future extension and improvement in this field. The use of effective hours as the unit of operational efficiency helps to resolve uncertainties linked to lifetime and annual operation hours. Also, the obtained results can be of use for decision support and for assessing the impacts of transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuel types.
No Way Out or No Way In? The Effect of Standardization, Licensing, and Skills Specificity of the Initial and Target Occupations on Status Mobility
Authors: Vicari Basha , Unger Stefanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOccupational mobility is becoming increasingly important today owing to technological change and changing requirements in the employment system. This article examines the extent to which institutional characteristics of occupations hamper intragenerational occupational mobility on the labor market. By combining data from the Adult Cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) with occupational information from the German Federal Employment Agency, we test the power of the characteristics of the initial and target occupations to explain horizontal and vertical status mobility. The occupational characteristics that we focus on are the standardization of certificates, occupational licensing, and the specificity of skills. Using multinomial logistic regression, we find that both initial and target occupations with such characteristics might generate mobility constraints and impede the correction of a disadvantageous starting position. Status increases are mainly possible from standardized to nonstandardized, from specific to nonspecific and, in some instances, from nonlicensed to licensed occupations.
Generationale Verpflichtungen – normative Muster und ihre Umsetzung
Authors: Bühler-Niederberger Doris 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDas „generationing“ als Definition von Alterskategorien und Zurechnung von Individuen zu diesen regelt auch Verpflichtungen und Solidaritätserwartungen zwischen den Angehörigen so definierter Gruppen. Sowohl in Gesellschaften des globalen Nordens wie des Südens wird Solidarität wesentlich entlang von Alterslinien geregelt. Schematisierend lassen sich ein Independenz- und ein Interdependenzmodell unterscheiden: Sie erfassen je andere Verteilungen und ihnen zugrundeliegende normative Muster. Im ersten Fall steht eine durch Staat und Experten gestützte Vorstellung „guter Kindheit“ im Zentrum, im zweiten eine auf Traditionen rekurrierende und gesetzlich gestärkte Vorstellung von „filial piety“. So unterschiedlich die Verteilungen und Verteilungsregeln sind, kommt ihnen doch innerhalb der jeweiligen sozialen und kulturellen Kontexte eine hohe Selbstverständlichkeit und normative Verbindlichkeit zu. Generationale Verpflichtungen sind zwar ordnungsstiftend und schaffen Solidarität, benachteiligen dabei aber auch einzelne Gruppen systematisch im Zusammenspiel von familialen Interessen und staatlichen Regelungen. Der Aufsatz bietet einen systematischen Aufriss der beiden Modelle und bilanziert anhand von Länderbeispielen die Leistungen und Verwerfungen der jeweiligen generationalen Verteilungsregeln und ihrer Umsetzung.
Automated Detection of Interesting Properties in Regular Polygons
Authors: Kovács Zoltán 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a systematic, automated way of discovery of a large number of new geometry theorems on regular polygons. The applied theory includes a formula by Watkins and Zeitlin on minimal polynomials of $$\cos \frac{2\pi }{n}$$

cos

2
π

n

, and a method by Recio and Vélez to discover a property in a plane geometry construction. This method exploits Wu’s idea on algebraizing the geometric setup and utilizes the theory of Gröbner bases. Also a bijective function is given that maps the investigated cases to the first natural numbers. Finally, several examples are shown that are all previously unknown results in planar Euclidean geometry.
A Low Dose of Nanoparticulate Silver Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy in Adult Rat Brain
Authors: Skalska Joanna , Dąbrowska-Bouta Beata , Frontczak-Baniewicz Małgorzata , Sulkowski Grzegorz , Strużyńska Lidia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtensive incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into many medical and consumer products has raised concerns about biosafety. Since nanosilver accumulates persistently in the central nervous system, it is important to assess its neurotoxic impacts. We investigated a model of prolonged exposure of adult rats to a low environmentally relevant dose of AgNPs (0.2 mg/kg b.w.). Ultrastructural analysis revealed pathological alterations in mitochondria such as swelling and cristolysis. Besides, elongated forms of mitochondria were present. Level of adenosine triphosphate was not altered after exposure, although a partial drop of mitochondrial membrane potential was noted. Induction of autophagy with only early autophagic forms was observed in AgNP-exposed rat brains as evidenced by ultrastructural markers. Increased expression of two protein markers of autophagy, beclin 1 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP LC3-II), was observed, indicating induction of autophagy. Expression of lysosome-related Rab 7 protein and cathepsin B did not change, suggesting inhibition of physiological flux of autophagy. Our results show that exposure to a low, environmentally relevant dose of AgNPs leads to induction of autophagy in adult rat brain in response to partial mitochondrial dysfunction and to simultaneous interfering with an autophagic pathway. The cell compensates for the defective autophagy mechanism via development of enhanced mitochondrial biodynamic.
Role of glycosylation in TGF-β signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer
Authors: Zhang Jing , ten Dijke Peter , Wuhrer Manfred , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlycosylation is a common posttranslational modification on membrane-associated and secreted proteins that is of pivotal importance for regulating cell functions. Aberrant glycosylation can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell-matrix interactions, migration and differentiation, and has been shown to be involved in cancer and other diseases. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a key step in the metastatic process by which cancer cells gain the ability to invade tissues and extravasate into the bloodstream. This cellular transformation process, which is associated by morphological change, loss of epithelial traits and gain of mesenchymal markers, is triggered by the secreted cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β bioactivity is carefully regulated, and its effects on cells are mediated by its receptors on the cell surface. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of major types of glycans, namely, N-glycans, O-glycans, glycosphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans that are involved in cancer progression. Thereafter, we summarize studies on how the glycosylation of TGF-β signaling components regulates TGF-β secretion, bioavailability and TGF-β receptor function. Then, we review glycosylation changes associated with TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which glycosylation affects TGF-β signaling and downstream biological responses will facilitate the identification of glycans as biomarkers and enable novel therapeutic approaches.
Increased accuracy of calculated fatigue resistance of welds through consideration of the statistical size effect within the notch stress concept
Authors: Deinböck Andreas , Hesse Ann-Christin , Wächter Michael , Hensel Jonas , Esderts Alfons , Dilger Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe notch stress concept has been established for fatigue life calculations of welded components. One of its advantages is that the S-N curve is not based on an S-N curve catalog in which the user has to identify a suitable FAT class; instead, a single S-N curve (based on modeling, failure location, and material) is used for different weld geometries. In return, however, the weld needs to be modeled in a detailed manner for finite element analysis. The evaluation of experimental fatigue results collected in a database shows a relatively high degree of scattering (low accuracy) of the strengths calculated according to the notch stress concept. With fatigue tests on different specimen geometries manufactured from the same welded base plates, a correlation between the highly stressed weld seam length and the experimentally determined notch stress strength can be observed. The fatigue strength decreases with the increasing length of the highly stressed weld seam area. The latter quantity can be calculated using the finite element simulations that are needed to determine the notch stress. The presented results are used to describe the statistical size effect as a qualitative influence and quantitative support factor that can be used within the notch stress concept to increase its accuracy.
Der Einfluss kriterialer, sozialer und individueller Bezugsnormen auf das experimentbezogene Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept
Authors: Atzert Ramona , John Rebecca , Preisfeld Angelika , Damerau Karsten 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungSchüler*innen sind immer weniger von ihren naturwissenschaftlichen Fähigkeiten überzeugt. Um diesem Problem im Kontext naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts begegnen zu können, gilt es, die auf das naturwissenschaftliche Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept (FSK) wirkenden Faktoren zu identifizieren. Individuelle, soziale und kriteriale Bezugsnormen üben einen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf schulische FSK aus. Welche Bezugsnorm Schüler*innen zur Einschätzung ihres experimentbezogenen FSK heranziehen ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie. Diese wurde mit 169 Schüler*innen der gymnasialen Oberstufe realisiert. Hierzu wurde der FbeFSK (Fragebogen zur Erfassung des bezugsnormbelasteten experimentbezogenen FSK) eingesetzt, welcher – in Orientierung an den Skalen zur Erfassungen des schulischen Selbstkonzepts (SESSKO) – das experimentbezogene FSK in drei bezugsnormbelasteten Skalen (individuell, sozial, kriterial) und einer absoluten Skala erfasst. Dessen Validität wurde faktoranalytisch überprüft und die Reliabilität optimiert. Die resultierenden Skalen wurden in multiplen Regressionsanalysen eingesetzt, um den Einfluss der drei bezugsnormbelasteten Skalen auf das experimentbezogene FSK zu untersuchen. Ein besonders hoher positiver Einfluss des kriterialbelasteten FSK auf das absolute experimentbezogene FSK kann festgestellt werden. Der Vergleich der standardisierten Regressionskoeffizienten zeigt jedoch kaum einen Einfluss der beiden anderen Prädiktoren. Neben der Qualität der Skalen und den Ursachen der Befunde werden Implikationen für die Praxis des naturwissenschaftlichen Experimentalunterrichts diskutiert.