bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XMAP215 promotes microtubule catastrophe by disrupting the growing microtubule end
Authors: Farmer Veronica , Arpağ Göker , Hall Sarah , Zanic Marija 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe GTP-tubulin cap is widely accepted to protect microtubules against catastrophe. The GTP-cap size is thought to increase with the microtubule growth rate, presumably endowing fast-growing microtubules with enhanced stability. It is unknown what GTP-cap properties permit frequent microtubule catastrophe despite fast growth. Here, we investigate microtubules grownin vitroin the presence and absence of the microtubule polymerase XMAP215. Using EB1 as a GTP-cap marker, we find that GTP-cap size increases regardless of whether growth acceleration is achieved by increasing tubulin concentration or by XMAP215. In spite of the increased mean GTP-cap size, microtubules grown with XMAP215 display increased catastrophe frequency, in contrast to microtubules grown with more tubulin, for which catastrophe is abolished. However, microtubules polymerized with XMAP215 have large fluctuations in growth rate and EB1 intensity; display tapered and curled ends; and undergo catastrophe at faster growth rates and with higher EB1 end-localization. Our results underscore the role of growth irregularities in overall microtubule stability.
Pharmacophore-based peptide biologics neutralize SARS-CoV-2 S1 and deter S1-ACE2 interactionin vitro
Authors: Shah Masaud , Moon Sung Ung , Woo Hyun Goo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEffective therapeutics and stable vaccine are the urgent need of the day to combat COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a pivotal role in cell-entry and host immune response, thus regarded as potential drug- and vaccine-target. As the virus utilizes the S1 domain of spike to initiate cell-attachment and S2 domain for membrane fusion, several attempts have been made to design viral-receptor and viral-fusion blockers. Here, by deploying interactive structure-based design and pharmacophore-based approaches, we designed short and stable peptide-biologicsi.e. CoV-spike-neutralizing peptides (CSNPs) including CSNP1, CSNP2, CSNP3, CSNP4. We could demonstrate in cell culture experiments that CSNP2 binds to S1 at submicromolar concentration and abrogates the S1-hACE2 interaction. CSNP3, a modified and downsized form of CSNP2, could neither interfere with the S1-hACE2 interaction nor bind to S1. CSNP4 exhibited dose-dependent binding to both S1 and hACE2 and abolished the S1-hACE2 interactionin vitro. CSNP4 possibly enhance the mAb-based S1 neutralization by limiting the spontaneous movement of spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), whereas CSNP2 allowed RBD-mAb binding without any steric hindrance. Taken together, we suggest that CSNP2 and CSNP4 are potent and stable candidate peptides that can neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 spike and possibly pose the virus to host immune surveillance.
Performance measurement in a transitional economy: unfolding a case of KPIs
Authors: Uddin Shahzad , Popesko Boris , Papadaki Šárka , Wagner Jaroslav 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper aims to make contributions to the debate on “performance measurement in practice” focussing on how organisational participants respond to the “new regime” of key performance indicators (KPIs) and whether KPIs materialise as intended in a transitional economy.Design/methodology/approachInspired by the epistemological instruction of Schatzki's practice theory, this paper draws on qualitative data collected through face-to-face interviews, observations and documentary analysis of a single organisation.FindingsKPIs were introduced at PK (a manufacturing concern in Czech Republic) but widely seen as contradictory, inconsequential, top-down and unrealistic. These lead organisational participants to adopt a pragmatic approach towards PM embracing KPIs' subjective assessment and manipulation, common sense or doing the job as given, and superficial compliance (symbolism).Research limitations/implicationsThe paper would be interesting to researchers because of its explanation of performance measurement practice in a distinct empirical setting, for its application of a practice theory inspired by Schatzki, and for inspiring new research agendas in transitional economies.Practical implicationsThe paper recommends the mobilisation of artefacts, such as various forms of bottom-up discussions, to encourage interactions between organisational members and influence individual beliefs and practical understandings of the intended managerial projects.Originality/valueThe paper has focussed on “organisations of practice” to unravel the “doings” of organisational participants to explore the micro-processes of PM which otherwise would have been ignored. These “doings” and “sayings”, linked by pools of understanding, rules or instructions, and a teleoaffective structure, enabled the authors to unmask inherent tensions and contradictions in a new regime of performance measures such as KPIs.
The passive properties of TA10 in Coca-Cola containing oral environment
Authors: Liu Ming , Li Jun , Li Danping , Zheng Lierui 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
At present, carbonated drinks such as cola are especially favored by the younger generation. But because of its acid, it often leads to tooth demineralization, resulting in “cola tooth”. However, the influence of cola on the corrosion resistance of passive film of TiA10 alloy restorative materials is rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to analysis the corrosion resistance, composition of the passive film of TA10 alloy in different concentrations of Cola.

Design/methodology/approach
The passive behavior of TA10 alloy in artificial saliva (AS) and Cola was studied by means of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, Mott-Schottky techniques and combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) surface analysis.

Findings
With the increase of cola content, the self-corrosion current density of the alloy increases sharply, and the corrosion resistance of the passive film is the best in AS, while Rp in cola is reduced to half of that in AS. The thickness of the passive film in AS, AS +cola and cola is about 9.5 nm, 7.5 nm and 6 nm, respectively. The passive film in cola has more defects and the carrier density is 1.55 times as high as that in AS. Cola can weaken the formation process of the protected oxide, promote the formation of high valence Ti-oxides and increase the content of Mo-oxides in the passive film.

Originality/value
These results have important guiding significance for the safe use of the alloy in the complex oral environments.
Preliminary survey of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity level and their cancer risk in some foodstuff, Sudan
Authors: Idriss Hajo , M Elhassan Haitham 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to buildup baseline data for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K levels in different food samples and computes their cancer risk (CR).Design/methodology/approachThis report has been performed to buildup baseline data for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K levels in different food samples and computes their CR. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity levels were measured using ?-ray spectrometry based on high-purity germanium (HPGe).FindingsThe findings exhibited that the annual effective dose (AED) and CR due to 226Ra ingestion in foodstuff samples have shown the trends cereal > vegetable > meat > fruits > sesame. Meanwhile, (AED) and (CR) due to 40K displayed the trends vegetable > cereal > meat > fruits > sesame. Although the average value of radiological dose due to ingestion of some radionuclides slightly exceed the values of some foodstuff around the world. However, the overall average of (AED) for all foodstuff samples (226.6 µSv/y) was found to be far below the world average (AED) (300 µSv/y).Practical implicationsThe main contributor to the AED was 40K 85, 226Ra 9 and 232Th 6%. The computed magnitude values for CR owing to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (1.3 × 10−5) lower than International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) CR of (2.5 × 10−3) for the general public.Originality/valueThe main contributor to the AED was 40K 85 %, 226Ra 9% and 232Th 6%. The computed magnitude values for CR owing to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (1.3 × 10−5) lower than ICRP CR of (2.5 × 10−3) for the general public.
Let natural learning arise!: optimizing organizational learning through a customized leadership development program
Authors: Roberts Robin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper examined a tiered leadership development program (LDP) designed to optimize natural organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachThe heuristic design of the tiered LDP linked learning pragmatic to the leaders’ workplace to the LDP content instructed in real-time.FindingsThe longitudinal study showed that real-time connected natural learning and LDP instruction fortified the participants’ competencies systemically throughout the organization easily measured through continuous assessment and feedback from multiple sources.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relied on assessment data perceived by workplace observers. Though perception bias is prevalent in studies dependent on qualitative feedback, the feedback in this study was useful to determine the heuristic value of the study parameters. Future research focused on identifying specific elements of natural learning influencing leadership development would enrich the customized content of the tiered LDP. Organizations considering a tiered LDP are cautioned to contemplate if their organization has the internal expertise to implement and facilitate such a program or require external affordable consultancies for the LDP.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a unique and comprehensive tiered leadership development program that promotes stackable and transferable learning symbiotic of leaders’ relationships and organizational tasks at a variety of organizational levels.
Do financial constraints moderate the relationship between innovation subsidies and firms' R&D investment?
Authors: Acebo Enrique , Miguel-Dávila José-Ángel , Nieto Mariano 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the effect of innovation subsidies on firms' R&D investment varies depending on whether the firm is suffering from financial constraints.Design/methodology/approachTo address this analysis, the authors provide a theoretical model and test their hypothesis using an econometric analysis of an unbalanced panel of 3,865 innovative Spanish firms during 2010–2017. They employ the SABI database to obtain firms' financial and economic data and incorporate firms' MORE financial rating. Specifically, the authors use the GMM-SYS technique to regress and measure the marginal effects of innovation subsidies size on firms' R&D investment and the influence of firms' financial constraints.FindingsThe results of this work indicate that financial constraints negatively moderate the effect of subsidies on R&D investment; that is, those firms that receive a subsidy and suffer financial constraints invest less in R&D projects than those which also receive the subsidy and do not suffer financial constraints. Besides, this work found that innovation subsidies alone do not significantly increase firms' R&D investment.Originality/valueFrom a neoclassical point of view, the existence of financial constraints is the justification of public innovation policies. However, due to the difficulty of measuring financial constraints, innovation literature has abandoned the analysis of this crucial variable. This work reintroduces this vital variable and analyses how it interacts with innovation subsidies on firms' R&D investment.
Predicting the inpatient hospital cost using a machine learning approach
Authors: Kulkarni Suraj , Ambekar Suhas Suresh , Hudnurkar Manoj 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Increasing health-care costs are a major concern, especially in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to predict the hospital charges of a patient before being admitted. This will help a patient who is getting admitted: “electively” can plan his/her finance. Also, this can be used as a tool by payers (insurance companies) to better forecast the amount that a patient might claim.

Design/methodology/approach
This research method involves secondary data collected from New York state’s patient discharges of 2017. A stratified sampling technique is used to sample the data from the population, feature engineering is done on categorical variables. Different regression techniques are being used to predict the target value “total charges.”

Findings
Total cost varies linearly with the length of stay. Among all the machine learning algorithms considered, namely, random forest, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) regressor, K nearest neighbors regressor, extreme gradient boosting regressor and gradient boosting regressor, random forest regressor had the best accuracy with R2 value 0.7753. “Age group” was the most important predictor among all the features.

Practical implications
This model can be helpful for patients who want to compare the cost at different hospitals and can plan their finances accordingly in case of “elective” admission. Insurance companies can predict how much a patient with a particular medical condition might claim by getting admitted to the hospital.

Originality/value
Health care can be a costly affair if not planned properly. This research gives patients and insurance companies a better prediction of the total cost that they might incur.
Patient centricity: lip service or genuine commitment? A qualitative examination of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Katsanis Lea Prevel , Pitta Dennis , Morinville Anne 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to identify the degree of adoption of patient centricity in the pharmaceutical industry and second, to understand how the industry operationalizes this strategy. It is an important shift in the industry because of its central focus on the patient.

Design/methodology/approach
A content analysis was used based on publicly available documentation that includes industry publications, company and brand websites and clinical trial publications to identify the frequency of words used to describe patient centricity.

Findings
The key finding of this study is that the leading pharmaceutical firms overwhelmingly use patient support/access programs as the primary method of implementing patient centric strategies.

Research limitations/implications
Future research is needed to identify what impact these strategies have on patients; and whether or not these strategies have an impact on lowering drug prices and improved clinical outcomes for patients.

Practical implications
Future research is needed to identify what impact these strategies have on patients; and whether or not these strategies have an impact on lowering drug prices and improved clinical outcomes for patients. Limitations include the reliance on publicly available documentation.

Social implications
Pharmaceutical firms need to be aware that their publically available profile suggests a one-dimensional approach to patient centricity and this may influence the way patients, physicians and policymakers view their attitudes toward patients. This study is the first to systematically examine the activities of leading pharmaceutical firms with respect to the adoption and implementation of patient-centric strategies in a comprehensive fashion.

Originality/value
This study is the first to systematically examine the activities of leading pharmaceutical firms with respect to the adoption and implementation of patient-centric strategies in a comprehensive fashion.
Analysis of issues of generic medicine supply chain using fuzzy AHP: a Pilot study of Indian public drug distribution scheme
Authors: Shweta  , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Integrated supply chain in pharmaceutical industry requires organized planning and modeling of each strategic element of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC). The aim is to coordinate each activity of PSC and design a robust strategy to make the system hassle-free. Each activity of industry is interdependent and follows certain co-relations with each other. The paper focuses on the four most significant identified issues in PSC and analyses the weightages of these issues and their sub issues with respect to cost incurred and time taken to manage whole chain of supply.

Design/methodology/approach
Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process methodology has been applied to rank the issues which consume maximum time and/or costs.

Findings
The derived result shows that warehouse design and management (WDM) consumes more than one third of the total time and around half of the total cost. Other than WDM, process of supplier selection for procurement is second most time and cost consuming issue. The derived results are discussed and provided to the field experts of the area. The analysis will be useful for decision makers to economize PSC.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to PSC; hence, result may vary with other practical situations.

Practical implications
This generated scope for further research on how to minimize the weightage of WDM for cost and time in PSC industry so that decision-makers can optimize the economic system of PSC.

Originality/value
The research is based on the field survey of India’s largest generic medicine distributing company in the government sector; hence, analysis has been performed on real situation.
Tools of power: pay-for-performance in French and German health reforms
Authors: Brunn Matthias 
Published: December 2020

PurposePay-for-performance (P4P) as an innovation for improved health care has been introduced in many health systems worldwide. The aim of this article is to apply and refine a specific theoretical angle for the analysis of these reforms, the theoretical frameworks of public policy instruments and programmatic actors, in order to highlight differences between countries.Design/methodology/approachThis analysis is based on a comparative case study of the introduction of P4P in France and Germany in the ambulatory sector for the period from 2007 until 2017. This included a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 23 actors between 2013 and 2015.FindingsThe introduction of a supposedly clear-cut policy instrument – P4P in health care – is distinctly shaped by the intertwined configuration of institutional architecture and the policy programme of key system actors. This can be understood as a continuation of long-term transformations, most importantly the increasingly direct influence of the state and a weakening of the representation of the medical profession, as well as an internal fragmentation of the latter.Originality/valueThis analysis illustrates the applicability of the policy instrument approach to the heath sector. In addition, the authors have applied the dual perspective of policy instruments and programmatic actors. Both proved complementary and appropriate for the study of a highly technical instrument such as P4P.
Exploring the potential of collaborative teaching nested within professional learning networks
Authors: Schnellert Leyton , Butler Deborah L. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis research investigated whether structuring an inquiry-oriented professional learning network to include school-based co-teaching partners would amplify educators' success in taking up and adapting evidence-based understandings and practices as meaningful in their contexts. Our research questions were: (1) What conditions did educators identify in the PLN overall that supported their co-construction of knowledge and practice development together? and (2) How did including co-teaching partners in the PLN help participants to mobilize knowledge and/or practices in the contexts where they were working?Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study design was used because of its potential to examine how and why questions about complex processes as situated in context (Butler, 2011; Yin, 2014). A case study methodology allowed us to collect and coordinate multiple forms of evidence (i.e. interviews, teacher reflective writing, classroom artifacts, field notes) to examine both how conditions created within the PLN supported learning and how co-teaching partners were mobilizing what they were learning in their school contexts. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data was analyzed abductively through an iterative and recursive process (Braun et al., 2018).FindingsConditions within the PLN overall that participants identified as supportive to their knowledge mobilization and practice development included: having a shared focus, feeling accountability to the group, collaborative enactment of practices within the PLN, large group sharing and debriefing, sustained cycles of collaborative inquiry, affective support, valuing diversity and drawing from expert others as resources. Participants also identified the benefits that accrued specifically from working with co-teaching partners. In addition, findings showed how the degree to which partners engaged in rich forms of collaborative inquiry could be related to their learning and situated practice development.Originality/valueFindings show the generative potential of inviting co-teaching partners into a PLN to engage in collaborative inquiry with others. PLNs offer the benefit of engaging with educators from outside of one's practice context, which enables pushing their thinking in new directions. Our findings add to the literature by revealing how in situ knowledge mobilization can be amplified when educators participating within a PLN are also working through cycles of inquiry with a co-teaching partner. Overall, this study offers a PLN model where teachers have built-in support for knowledge co-creation and mobilization both within and outside of their school contexts.
Development of digitalised maintenance – a concept
Authors: Algabroun Hatem , Bokrantz Jon , Al-Najjar Basim , Skoogh Anders 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper presents a concept for digitalised maintenance (DM), maps the conceptualised DM to maintenance problems in industries and highlights challenges that might be faced when realizing this concept.Design/methodology/approachFirst, maintenance problems that are faced by the industry are presented, followed by a conceptualisation of DM. Next, a typical operational scenario is used as an exemplification to show system dynamics. The characteristics of this conceptualised DM are then mapped to the identified maintenance problems of industry. Then, interesting initiatives in this domain are highlighted, and finally, the challenges to realize this approach are discussed.FindingsThis paper identified a set of problems related to maintenance in industry. In order to solve current industrial problems, exploit emerging digital technologies and elevate future industries, it will be necessary to develop new maintenance approaches. The mapping between the criteria of DM and maintenance problems shows the potential of this concept and gives a reason to examine it empirically in future work.Originality/valueThis paper aims to help maintenance professionals from both academia and industry to understand and reflect on the problems related to maintenance, as well as to comprehend the requirements of a digitalised maintenance and challenges that may arise.