bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddy fields and the yield of rice with different water and nitrogen management practices
Authors: Qi Dongliang , Wu Qixia , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe assessment and control of losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from paddy fields is critical to improve the quality of water and atmosphere on earth. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three N managements (local common N fertilization practice, urea mixed with controlled-release N fertilizer, and optimized and reduced N fertilizer, designated CN, U + CRF and ON, respectively) on N and P losses through runoff and leaching from a paddy field, and yield of rice under shallow-irrigation and deep-sluice (SIDS) and continuous flooding irrigation (FI) in the Jianhan Plain of China in 2016. The results showed that, compared with FI, SIDS significantly reduced the frequency of irrigation and amount of irrigation water, resulting in an increase of 16.2% in rainfall use efficiency, and therefore, a reduction in the amount of surface runoff and water that had leached. This was responsible for the decreased total N (TN) and total P (TP) losses through runoff leaching under SIDS. The U + CRF and ON treatments resulted in a significant reduction in losses of TN through runoff and leaching and the loss of TP through leaching compared to CN. SIDS resulted in comparable or greater soil TN and TP contents in the 0–40 cm soil depths after rice harvest; N and P accumulation at the jointing, filling and maturity stages; and yield of grain compared to FI. Moreover, the U + CRF and ON improved or maintained accumulation of N and P and yield of rice compared to CN. Compared with FI coupled with CN, SIDS coupled with the U + CRF or ON treatments significantly reduced losses of N and P from paddy fields and enhanced or maintained the accumulation of N and P and yield of rice grains. In conclusion, SIDS coupled with the new N management could be an effective approach to reduce losses of N and P from paddy fields and would be a positive improvement for high yield of middle-season rice grains in the Jianhan Plain of central China and other regions with similar environments.
Total synthesis of four stereoisomers of methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate, a major component of the sex pheromone of the stink bug Edessa meditabunda
Authors: Szczerbowski Daiane , Schulz Stefan , Zarbin Paulo Henrique Gorgatti 
Published: June 2020

A convergent synthetic route was developed for the stereoselective synthesis of four stereoisomers of methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate. The Fouquet-Schlosser variant of the Grignard reaction was used as key steps.
Stellenwert und qualitative Voraussetzungen der Magnetresonanztomografie für die Therapieplanung beim lokal fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinom – Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen
Authors: Attenberger Ulrike , Rödel Claus , Ghadimi Michael , Piso Pompilio , Arnold Dirk , Folprecht Gunnar , Geissler Michael , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna , Heinemann Volker , Kasper Stefan , Modest Dominik , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Seufferlein Thomas , Stein Alexander , Stintzing Sebastian , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungZur Indikationsstellung und Stratifizierung der perioperativen Therapie des lokal fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinoms ist die Magnetresonanztomografie unverzichtbar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden der Stellenwert der MRT-Diagnostik und die qualitativen Voraussetzungen dargestellt.
Peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uemura Karime Lucas , Chaves Dalton , Bernardo Wanderley M. , Uemura Ricardo Sato , de Moura Diogo Turiani Hourneaux , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and aim Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) is a new therapeutic option for refractory gastroparesis (GP). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of G-POEM in refractory GP. For the quality of evidence, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.
Methods We performed a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, LILACS and the Science citation index for studies related to G-POEM from the inception of its technique through January 2019. We selected studies that analyzed the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) and 4-hour solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) before and after the procedure to verify the efficacy of G-POEM, the main outcome measured. An analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.
Results Ten studies comprising 281 patients were included in this systematic review. The pooled mean difference in GCSI following the procedure was 1.76 (95 % CI: [1.43, 2.08], I2 = 72 %). We also performed GCSI subgroup analysis by follow-up duration that showed a pooled mean difference of 1.84 (95 % CI: [1.57, 2.12], I2 = 71 %). The pooled mean difference in GES after the procedure was 26.28 (95 % CI: [19.74, 32.83], I2 = 87 %), corresponding to a significant drop in percentage values of the gastric retention 4-hour scintigraphy.
Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that G-POEM is effective and shows promising outcomes in the clinical response and gastric emptying scintigraphy for gastroparesis. Therefore, it should be considered in the management of refractory gastroparesis.
Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis
Authors: Napp Ramona , Horneff Gerd 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Ziele Untersuchung von Komorbiditäten bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis und Einfluss von JIA-Kategorie, Geschlecht und Therapie.
Methodik Datenbank des BiKeR Registers (Biologika-in-der-Kinderrheumatologie-Register), einer prospektiven, multizentrischen nichtinterventionellen Beobachtungsstudie. Klassifikation von 51 Komorbiditäten nach MedDRA unter Verwendung der Low-Level-Terms in 15 übergeordnete Kategorien. Vorbestehende Komorbiditäten wurden zur Bestimmung der Prävalenz, auftretende für die Inzidenz verwendet. Zum Vergleich wurden Häufigkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach Literatur verwendet.
Ergebnisse Bei 898 von 3804 Patienten wurden 1141 prävalente und 658 inzidente Komorbiditäten während 12 527,5 Beobachtungsjahren dokumentiert. ⅓ aller Komorbiditäten waren ophthalmologische Erkrankungen, Uveitis und deren Komplikationen. Betroffen waren vor allem Patienten mit Oligoarthritis. In absteigender Reihung folgten Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis, Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom (MAS), Allergien, Asthma bronchiale, Psoriasis und Vaskulitis. Atopische Erkrankungen waren seltener als erwartet. Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen wie M. Perthes, Osteochondritis dissecans, Osteoporose und Bandscheibenvorfall waren häufiger, eine Skoliose seltener. Malignome kamen signifikant häufiger vor, insbesondere bei sJIA. Patienten mit sJIA hatten auch signifikant häufiger ein MAS und eine arterielle Hypertonie. Eine Adipositas war bei JIA nicht häufiger, wohl aber ein Diabetes mellitus.
Diskussion Patienten mit JIA zeigen eine Vielzahl von Komorbiditäten. Einige Komorbiditäten verdienen wegen ihrer Relevanz für die Morbidität und Mortalität im Langzeitverlauf besondere Aufmerksamkeit, vor allem Uveitis, muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus als kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor und Malignome.
Nackenschmerzen bei Jetbesatzungen der Luftwaffe: Erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Pippig Torsten M. , Oertel Matthias 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn dieser Studie gaben 14 % aller befragten 151 Jetpiloten und Waffensystemoffiziere (WSO) Nackenschmerzen an, weniger als in der vorliegenden flugmedizinischen Literatur. Am Untersuchungtag/Begutachtungtag waren alle LFF/WSO beschwerdefrei und die klinische Untersuchung der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) war regelrecht. Eine Erklärung dafür könnte die besondere Untersuchungssituation sein, ebenso die verwendete Definition des Nackenschmerzes bei Piloten, „significant flight-related neck pain“. Das sind Nackenschmerzen, die während des Flugdienstes auftreten und bis 48 Stunden nach dem Flug anhalten. In dieser Studie wird auch kurz auf die Häufigkeit und Gründe für Nackenbeschwerden bei Hubschrauberbesatzungen eingegangen.
Gastrointestinale Tumoren beim älteren und alten Patienten
Authors: Schulte Nadine , Ebert Matthias P. , Reissfelder Christoph , Härtel Nicolai 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungÄltere Patienten (65 Jahre und älter) stellen die Mehrheit der Patienten mit einer Krebsdiagnose dar. Für Ösophaguskarzinome liegt der Altersgipfel in der siebten bis achten Lebensdekade. Bei Magenkarzinomen ist 1/3 der Patienten älter als 75 Jahre, und ca. 45 % der Kolonkarzinom-Patienten sind ≥ 75 Jahre alt.Aufgrund bestehender Komorbiditäten, altersbedingter Veränderungen und Polypharmazie stellen ältere und alte Patienten eine besondere Herausforderung in der Tumortherapie dar.In Studien sind diese Patienten meist deutlich unterrepräsentiert, und dezidierte „Elderly“-Studien sind rar. Neue Operationsverfahren mit der minimalinvasiven Technik wie der Laparoskopie oder mit Telemanipulatoren liefern gerade für das Ösophagus- und Magenkarzinom Vorteile, die zukünftig für alte und ältere Patienten die postoperative Morbidität in Bezug auf kardiale und pulmonale Komplikationen deutlich senken können.Bezüglich Chemotherapie zeigt sich eine gute Verträglichkeit von Fluoropyrimidinen und Oxaliplatin; von Triple-Therapien sollte eher Abstand genommen werden. Gerade die Immuntherapie bietet aufgrund des besseren Nebenwirkungsprofils eine interessante Alternative zur Standardchemotherapie.
Ayahuasca – Religion, Life-style oder Droge?
Authors: Neu Peter 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAyahuasca ist ein psychoaktives Getränk, welches seit wahrscheinlich hunderten von Jahren von indigenen Kulturen des Amazonas-Beckens als Medizin und Hilfsmittel bei religiösen Ritualen benutzt wird. Durch den Rucksacktourismus fanden die Substanz und die damit verbundenen Rituale auch Verbreitung in der westlichen Welt. Anhand eines klinischen Fallberichts wird ein Abriss der Verwendung, der Pharmakologie, des rechtlichen Status und unerwünschter Wirkungen gegeben und diskutiert.
Malariafälle bei Airline-Crews: Kasuistiken und Konsequenzen für die Prophylaxe
Authors: Wanner Elisabeth , Stutz Andreas , Ensslin Angela 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Reisen in Tropenregionen sind neben Touristen auch Piloten und Flugbegleiter weltweit operierender Fluggesellschaften einem Malariarisiko ausgesetzt. Insgesamt gilt das Risiko als gering, allerdings fehlen genaue Zahlen zur Anzahl von Crewerkrankungen 1, 2. Dar es Salaam ist die einzige malariagefährdete Afrikadestination von Swiss International Air Lines. Von 2002–2016 sind keine Malariaerkrankungen bei Crewmitgliedern vorgekommen. Im Anschluss an die große Regenzeit 2017 erkrankten insgesamt 9 Crewmitglieder an Malaria. Dies entspricht 2,6 % der im Jahr 2017 in der Schweiz vom Bundesamt für Gesundheit registrierten, importierten 340 Malariafälle 3. Diese außergewöhnliche Häufung von Malariafällen bei der Crew veranlasste Swiss Medical Services zu einer intensivierten internen Risikokommunikation. Zusätzlich wurde den Crews mit Destination Dar es Salaam neben den üblichen Mückenschutzmaßnahmen saisonal eine Malariaprophylaxe mit einer fixen Kombination aus Atovaquon und Proguanil (Malarone® und zahlreiche Generika) empfohlen.
Alles in einem Flash
Authors: Castigliego Giuliano 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Flash-Konzept von Balint stellt das fruchtbarste Resultat seiner
lebenslangen, theoretisch-klinischen Forschungstätigkeit dar, es
lässt sich aber theoretisch nicht so leicht einfangen und
definieren.Der Artikel befasst sich zunächst mit der Entwicklung der angewandten
Psychoanalyse von Balint und seiner bevorzugten Partner, der
Hausärzten. Daraufhin geht der Artikel auf das Flash-Konzept und auf
seine Theoretisierung ein. Dabei greift er auf Elemente zurück, die
nicht nur aus der psychoanalytischen Theorie stammen, sondern auch aus der
Phänomenologie (Empathie) und aus der Neurowissenschaft
(Spiegel-Neuronen). Das dadurch definierte Konzept von Flash kann
bereichernde Beiträge liefern, um das
„Sich-Einstimmen“ (Tuning in) zwischen Patient und
Therapeut, aber auch zwischen den Teilnehmenden einer Balintgruppe
untereinander, besser zu verstehen.
Urgent endoscopy in children: epidemiology in a large region of France
Authors: Norsa Lorenzo , Ferrari Alberto , Mosca Alexis , Talbotec Cecile , Campeotto Florence , Lemale Julie , Pigneur Bénédicte , Viala Jerome 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The real burden of urgent endoscopy in children has not been studied yet. Our aim was to evaluate the need for urgent endoscopy in children.
Patients and methods Information was collected about all the calls that were received during the 24 hour on-call shift for pediatric endoscopy in the region of Ile-de-France (12.1 million inhabitants) during a 6 months period (February-July 2017).
Results A total of 237 calls (19 calls/y/100,000 children) were collected regarding children of an average age of 3.2 years (range 2 days-18 years). Most of the calls (68 %) were for foreign body ingestions. Gastroscopy was required in 32 % of children: 24 % of those calling for foreign body ingestion, 48 % for gastrointestinal bleeding, 63 % for caustic ingestions (P = 0.01). The average time between the call and the urgent endoscopy were below the international recommendations for each situation.
Conclusions Calling the endoscopist seems to have become a recurrent practice, although in most cases, urgent endoscopy did not appear necessary, especially for foreign body ingestion. This organization of pediatric endoscopy on call was able to guarantee the performance of urgent endoscopy in adequate timing for a highly populated region.
Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum: A Rare Cause of Chronic Epigastric Pain
Authors: Nassar Shadi , El-Kheir Alaa , Khaled Charif , Nassar Anis , Boujaoude Joseph , Tohme Cyril 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite its first identification in 1885, intraluminal duodenal diverticulum remains a rare entity and only a few case reports are found in the literature. Its diagnosis is almost always delayed due to the lack of specific symptoms and to the very vague presentation consisting of mild epigastric discomfort. However, with the aid of new diagnostic modalities and imaging, it has become easier to diagnose this entity when its symptoms persist. Finally, it can remain undiagnosed in asymptomatic patients.
Caesarean Section of Multifetal Pregnancy
Authors: Tanigaki Shinji , Takemori Satoshi , Osaka Makoto , Watanabe Momoe , Kitamura Aya , Ueyama Sayaka , Tanaka Kei , Matsushima Miho , Kobayashi Youichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlanned caesarean delivery (CD) did not significantly decrease or increase the risk of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy between 32 0/7 and 38 6/7 weeks of gestation, with the first twin in the vertex presentation. As prevalence rises for the second twin, emergency CD is necessary for delivery of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first twin. Waiting after 38 weeks' gestation essentially requires close fetal and maternal surveillance to identify if those pregnancies may benefit to extend a gestational period. It is important to construct a system in which an emergency CD can be performed anytime. The caesarean section does not change in even multifetal pregnancy. Each step after laparotomy has few tips: (1) because the uterus strongly leans to the right, image the uterine rotation. To avoid thick vessels on the uterine lateral wall, perform long U-shaped incision using a scissor. 2) Ensure not to rupture the membrane of the second twin before delivery of the first twin. (3) Check the presentation of the second twin before rupture of that fetus's membrane. The second twin tends to change the presentation. If the upper uterine segment will clamp down and entrap the second twin, a vertical uterine incision is performed without hesitation. Women with multifetal pregnancy are at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Mainly PPH is caused by uterine atony. Oxytocin should be prepared before starting the CD. All bleeding may not be recognized in the operation field. Do not lose the timing of blood transfusion.
HKA Angle—A Reliable Planning Parameter for High Tibial Osteotomy: A Theoretical Analysis Using Standing Whole-Leg Radiographs
Authors: Jiang Xu , Xie Kai , Han Xuequan , Ai Songtao , Wu Haishan , Wang Liao , Yan Mengning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a recognized treatment for early-stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Preoperative planning with standing whole-leg radiographs (WLRs) is essential for ensuring optimal postoperative alignment. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the theoretical accuracy of the wedge opening required for two different preoperative planning parameters in open-wedge HTO. The second purpose is to theoretically determine which parameter is superior. Preoperative planning for HTO was performed with standing WLRs for 39 knees with isolated medial osteoarthritis. The Miniaci preoperative planning method was applied to correct the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle to 3to 6 degrees of valgus and the weight-bearing line (WBL) percentage within 60 to 70% of the width of the tibial plateau. To ensure that the HKA angle was between 3 and 6 degrees of valgus, the required accuracy window for the Miniaci angle was 3.25 ± 0.03 degrees (range, 3.20–3.30°). To ensure that the WBL percentage was between 60 and 70%, the accuracy window required for the Miniaci angle was 2.35 ± 0.13 degrees (range, 2.10–2.65°). This study suggests that to correct the HKA angle and the WBL percentage within the target range on two-dimensional WLRs, the Miniaci angle must be controlled to an accuracy of ± 1.63 and ± 1.18 degrees, respectively. Theoretically, the HKA angle is highly suitable as a preoperative planning parameter for HTO with a large permissible error and a small variability in the degree of change in the Miniaci angle (ΔMiniaci).
Direct discrimination of structured light by humans
Authors: Sarenac Dusan , Kapahi Connor , Silva Andrew E. , Cory David G. , Taminiau Ivar , Thompson Benjamin , Pushin Dmitry A. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Recent technological advances have enabled the creation of custom light fields with remarkable properties. Here we report an experiment that merges human visual perception with structured wavefronts and optical states that are nonseparable in polarization and spatial modes of light. We demonstrate that humans are able to discriminate between two polarization-coupled orbital angular momentum states with a high probability when directly viewing a structured light beam. The work brings the techniques of structured light to visual science applications and paves the way for methods of characterizing the structure of the macula and conducting experiments with human detectors and optical states with nonseparable modes.
Intrinsically stretchable electrode array enabled in vivo electrophysiological mapping of atrial fibrillation at cellular resolution
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Xinyuan , Liu Yuxin , Rodrigo Miguel , Loftus Patrick D. , Aparicio-Valenzuela Joy , Zheng Jukuan , Pong Terrence , Cyr Kevin J. , Babakhanian Meghedi , Hasi Jasmine , Li Jinxing , Jiang Yuanwen , Kenney Christopher J. , Wang Paul J. , Lee Anson M. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Electrophysiological mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) at high throughput and high resolution is critical for understanding its underlying mechanism and guiding definitive treatment such as cardiac ablation, but current electrophysiological tools are limited by either low spatial resolution or electromechanical uncoupling of the beating heart. We herein introduce a microfabricated high-density, fully elastic electrode (termed elastrode) array for complex electrophysiological signal recording in vivo. We demonstrated the capability to identify clinically relevant electrophysiological heterogeneity in the pathologic state of pacing-induced chronic AF that was captured and correlated with state-of-the-art clinical techniques, which show the potential to apply this elastrode array toward elucidating the mechanism of AF at a cellular level and developing targeted AF therapy.
Impact of α-synuclein pathology on transplanted hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons in a humanized α-synuclein rat model of PD
Authors: Hoban Deirdre B. , Shrigley Shelby , Mattsson Bengt , Breger Ludivine S. , Jarl Ulla , Cardoso Tiago , Nelander Wahlestedt Jenny , Luk Kelvin C. , Björklund Anders , Parmar Malin 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceStem cell-based dopamine (DA) neuron replacement holds great potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Preclinical assessments have largely been limited to transplantation in the standard 6-hydroxydopamine toxin model of PD which does not reflect the pathological features of the disease. Here, we have developed and characterized an accelerated and humanized α-synuclein model of PD which better recapitulates the behavioral and pathological features of PD. We transplanted hESC-derived DA neurons in this model, finding they could survive, innervate, and integrate into host circuitry but that some grafted cells acquired the α-synuclein pathology at later time points. This has previously been observed in some patients who received fetally derived DA grafts but has thus far been difficult to model preclinically.
Clonally expanding smooth muscle cells promote atherosclerosis by escaping efferocytosis and activating the complement cascade
Authors: Wang Ying , Nanda Vivek , Direnzo Daniel , Ye Jianqin , Xiao Sophia , Kojima Yoko , Howe Kathryn L. , Jarr Kai-Uwe , Flores Alyssa M. , Tsantilas Pavlos , Tsao Noah , Rao Abhiram , Newman Alexandra A. C. , Eberhard Anne V. , Priest James R. , Ruusalepp Arno , Pasterkamp Gerard , Maegdefessel Lars , Miller Clint L. , Lind Lars , Koplev Simon , Björkegren Johan L. M. , Owens Gary K. , Ingelsson Erik , Weissman Irving L. , Leeper Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Cardiovascular disease remains the world’s leading killer, despite the widespread use of cholesterol-lowering medicines. Recent studies suggest a portion of this residual risk may result from the clonal expansion of cells within the atherosclerotic plaques of diseased blood vessels. How these cells promote inflammation and whether they can be therapeutically targeted remain unclear. The current study suggests that clonally expanding cells may cause disease by triggering the complement cascade while evading immune surveillance. However, these cells also appear to be susceptible to therapies that reactivate phagocytic clearance pathways, suggesting a potential treatment approach for heart disease similar to current oncology efforts directed against the cancer stem cell.
Propensity rules and interference effects in laser-assisted photoionization of helium and neon
Authors: Bertolino Mattias , Busto David , Zapata Felipe , Dahlström Jan Marcus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigate the angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from laser-assisted photoionization for helium and neon atoms using an ab initio method based on time-dependent surface flux and configuration interaction singles. We find that the shape of the distributions can be interpreted using a propensity rule, an intrinsic difference in the absorption and the emission processes, as well as interference effects between multiple paths to the final angular momentum state. The difference between absorption and emission is hidden in the first sideband in neon due to the multiple competing m channels, while in the second sideband a qualitative difference between absorption and emission is observed. In the m-resolved case, a clear difference is observed already in the first sideband, as exemplified in helium and m-resolved neon.