bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online HOPE intervention on mental health literacy among youths in Singapore: An RCT protocol
Authors: Tay Jing Ling , Goh Yong-Shian Shawn , Klainin‐Yobas Piyanee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe study aims to examine the effectiveness of the online HOPE intervention to increase mental health literacy (MHL), psychological well‐being (PWB); and in reducing stress among youths aged 18–24 living in Singapore.DesignThe study will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will adopt a single‐group pre–post repeated quasi‐experimental research design. The second phase adopts a two‐group, parallel randomized control trial, with a pre‐test, posttest and follow‐up.MethodsThe study will be conducted in a University in Singapore, in 2019–2021. Participants will be recruited and randomly assigned into one of the two groups. Approval from the institutional review board has been obtained in August 2019. Research funding from National Youth Fund has been obtained in November 2019. Outcome measures will be measured using Depression Literacy Questionnaire, Anxiety literacy Questionnaire, validated depression vignette, Ryff's PWB Scale and Perceived Stress Scale, at baseline, postintervention and 2 months’ follow‐up. Participants’ perceptions of the intervention will be measured qualitatively.DiscussionThe online HOPE intervention had been developed based on the principles of the Self‐Efficacy Theory.ImpactThere is no research about MHL intervention in Singapore. Low MHL prevents early help‐seeking and delays treatment. Hence, this study highlights the importance of mental health public education as primary care. Increased MHL will enhance early help‐seeking behaviours, promoting early recovery and enhancing the health of the young people worldwide.
Optimization of edible Alyssum homalocarpum seed gum‐chitosan coating formulation to improve the postharvest storage potential and quality of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Monjazeb Marvdashti Leila , Abdulmajid Ayatollahi Seyed , Salehi Bahare , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Abdolshahi Anna , Sharifi‐Rad Razieh , Maggi Filippo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEdible coating based on Alyssum homalocarpum seed gum (AHSG) and chitosan for coating of fresh apricot was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables included concentrations of AHSG and chitosan in coating solution. The response variables studied were total soluble solid, weight loss, titratably acidity, pH, reducing sugar, moisture content, and firmness. Results indicated that RSM models were significantly (p < .05) qualified for all response variables, except for total soluble solid and titratable acidity. The regression models demonstrated R2 ranging from .78 to .99. AHSG concentration influenced the weight loss, pH, and firmness, while chitosan concentration had an effect on pH and moisture content. This study showed that the coating can improve apricot firmness and stability in terms of weight loss, pH, and moisture content. The study suggested that a combination of AHSG 1.02% (w/w) and chitosan 0.33% (w/w) is the best one to achieve the desirable responses.
Wishes and needs of nursing home residents and their relatives regarding end‐of‐life decision‐making and care planning—A qualitative study
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Henking Tanja , Heizmann Esther , Best Lukas , van Oorschot Birgitt , Neuderth Silke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore wishes and needs, such as existing and preferred communication processes, of residents and relatives regarding medical and nursing planning at the end of life.BackgroundNursing home residents are a relevant target group for advance care planning (ACP) due to their high age and multimorbidity. Their relatives seem to be important partners in terms of communication and their documentation of wishes and needs.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsThirty‐two guideline‐based interviews with nursing home residents (n = 24) and relatives (n = 8) were conducted in nursing homes in Germany (n = 7). All interviews were analysed by content‐structured content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to document reporting of the study.ResultsResidents particularly express wishes and needs regarding their health, like the desire to maintain or improve one's current state of health and to be active and mobile and also regarding their social situation, for example the well‐being of relatives and beloved ones. A limited group of people was identified with whom residents spoke about issues such as preparedness and self‐determination. These were mainly their relatives. Relatives themselves have a need for more communication. Various communication barriers could be identified.ConclusionResidents express diverse and partly explicit wishes and needs. Although many of the respondents had already drafted advanced directives, the demand for offers of communication to plan ahead for the end of life remains clear. The results indicate the unconditional participation of relatives and people close to the residents, if they are available.Relevance to clinical practiceDerivations for a target group‐related ACP concept in the study region are identified. Besides the involvement of relatives, nurses could also be involved in the communication and decision‐making process of residents in nursing homes under certain conditions.
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes risk in black Africans: a South African perspective
Authors: Goedecke J. H. , Olsson T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is higher in black Africans than their European counterparts. This review summarizes the research exploring the pathogenesis of T2D in populations of African ancestry compared to white Europeans and shows that the pathogenesis differs by ethnicity. Black Africans present with a phenotype of low insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinaemia as a result of increased insulin secretion and reduced hepatic insulin clearance. Whether hyperinsulinaemia precedes insulin resistance or is merely a compensatory mechanism is yet to be determined. Black Africans have lower visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat deposition and greater peripheral (gluteo‐femoral) fat deposition than their European counterparts. This suggests that black Africans are more sensitive to the effects of ectopic fat deposition, or alternatively, that ectopic fat is not an important mediator of T2D in black Africans. Importantly, ethnic disparities in T2D risk factors may be confounded by differences in sociocultural and lifestyle factors. Future longitudinal and dietary intervention studies, in combination with genetic analyses, are needed for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T2D in black Africans. This will be key for effective prevention and management strategies.
Effects of coadministration of corn oil and ponazuril on serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ponazuril in horses
Authors: Furr Martin , Kennedy Tom 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPonazuril is used for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Coadministration of ponazuril with oil could result in higher serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of ponazuril.HypothesisCoadministration of corn oil will result in higher serum and CSF concentrations of ponazuril than when ponazuril is administered alone.AnimalsTen resident university‐owned adult horses of either sex and >2 years of age.MethodsCohort study. Ponazuril oral paste (5 mg/kg BW; ponazuril treatment group (PON); n = 5), or ponazuril oral paste (5 mg/kg BW; ponazuril and oil treatment group (PONOIL; n = 5) coadministered with 2 oz of corn oil q24h for 21 days. Horses were treated once daily, for 21 days. Blood was collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 before dosing. In addition, CSF was collected on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. The concentration of ponazuril was determined in serum and CSF and results compared using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsCoadministration of ponazuril with 2 oz of corn oil resulted in higher concentrations of ponazuril in serum (at steady state) than that found in horses given ponazuril alone (6.2 ± 0.9 mg/L versus 4.5 ± 1.0 mg/L; P = .004) (mean ± 1 SD). Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ponazuril were also greater in horses that received ponazuril and oil (0.213 mg/L ± 0.04 versus 0.162 ± 0.04 mg/L) (P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults suggest that coadministration of corn oil with ponazuril might enhance the effectiveness of treatment with ponazuril.
Assessing the influence of vegetation structure and phenological variability on pollen‐vegetation relationships using a 15‐year Neotropical pollen rain record
Authors: Haselhorst Derek S. , Moreno J. Enrique , Punyasena Surangi W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuestionsPollen collected from aerial pollen traps are used to interpret compositional changes in the fossil pollen record. Relationships between pollen abundances and vegetation are commonly measured using the ratio between the abundance of a pollen type and its corresponding basal area in a plant community (R‐rel). Pollen–vegetation relationships have been extensively studied in temperate and boreal latitudes using surface sediment, moss polster and pollen trap samples, representing long‐term accumulations of pollen. In contrast, pollen–vegetation relationships are not well‐resolved in diverse tropical habitats because of a lack of modern long‐term pollen and vegetation datasets. In the present study, we address two primary questions: 1. How variable are tropical pollen–vegetation relationships measured using R‐rel over time? 2. To what extent are differences in pollen abundances among traps related to variability in basal area in the surrounding community?LocationBarro Colorado Island, Panama.MethodsVariability in an annually sampled, 15‐year pollen rain was compared with annual basal area data collected over the same timeframe using R‐rel.ResultsR‐rel values were highly variable on a year‐to‐year basis and more consistent over time‐averaged sampling windows ≥3 years. A strong positive relationship between pollen abundances and local basal area surrounding pollen traps was determined in eight taxa.ConclusionsThe pollen–vegetation relationships provide a summary of the pollen representation of Neotropical taxa common in paleoecological samples over an extended sampling duration that approaches the timespan represented in lake sediment samples (~20 years). The results highlight taxa in which differences in pollen abundances among traps were strongly correlated with changes in surrounding basal area.
When and how are lies told? And the role of culture and intentions in intelligence‐gathering interviews
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Verigin Brianna L. , Kleinman Steven M. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeLie‐tellers tend to tell embedded lies within interviews. In the context of intelligence‐gathering interviews, human sources may disclose information about multiple events, some of which may be false. In two studies, we examined when lie‐tellers from low‐ and high‐context cultures start reporting false events in interviews and to what extent they provide a similar amount of detail for the false and truthful events. Study 1 focused on lie‐tellers' intentions, and Study 2 focused on their actual responses.MethodsParticipants were asked to think of one false event and three truthful events. Study 1 (N = 100) was an online study in which participants responded to a questionnaire about where they would position the false event when interviewed and they rated the amount of detail they would provide for the events. Study 2 (N = 126) was an experimental study that involved interviewing participants about the events.ResultsAlthough there was no clear preference for lie position, participants seemed to report the false event at the end rather than at the beginning of the interview. Also, participants provided a similar amount of detail across events. Results on intentions (Study 1) partially overlapped with results on actual responses (Study 2). No differences emerged between low‐ and high‐context cultures.ConclusionsThis research is a first step towards understanding verbal cues that assist investigative practitioners in saving their cognitive and time resources when detecting deception regardless of interviewees' cultural background. More research on similar cues is encouraged.
Increasing liver fat is associated with progression of cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Brunner Katherine T. , Pedley Alison , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo , Benjamin Emelia J. , Long Michelle T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in cross‐sectional analyses. However, less is known about how changes in liver fat associate with the progression of cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsA substudy (n = 808) drawn from the Framingham Heart Study underwent serial computed tomography scans 6 years apart. We performed multivariable‐adjusted regression to determine the association between changes in liver fat and progression of cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsEach standard deviation increase in liver fat was associated with adverse progression of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high‐density lipoprotein and log triglycerides. After adjusting for baseline cardiovascular risk, baseline body mass index (BMI), and change in BMI, increasing liver fat was significantly associated with adverse changes in fasting glucose and triglycerides.ConclusionsIn a longitudinal cohort, increasing liver fat over 6 years was associated with progression of cardiovascular risk factors, even after accounting for BMI changes.
Wss1 homolog from Candida albicans and its role in DNA–protein crosslink tolerance
Authors: Homchan Aimorn , Sukted Juthamas , Mongkolsuk Skorn , Jeruzalmi David , Matangkasombut Oranart , Pakotiprapha Danaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCandida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that can cause life‐threatening systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals. During infections, C. albicans has to cope with genotoxic stresses generated by the host immune system. DNA–protein crosslink (DPC), the covalent linkage of proteins with DNA, is one type of DNA damages that can be caused by the host immune response. DPCs are bulky lesions that interfere with the progression of replication and transcription machineries, and hence threaten genomic integrity. Accordingly, either a DPC tolerance mechanism or a DPC repair pathway is essential for C. albicans to maintain genomic stability and survive in the host. Here, we identified Wss1 (weak suppressor of Smt3) in C. albicans (CaWss1) using bioinformatics, genetic complementation, and biochemical studies. We showed that CaWss1 promotes cell survival under genotoxic stress conditions that generate DPCs and that the catalytic metalloprotease domain of CaWss1 is essential for its cellular function. Interactions of CaWss1 with Cdc48 and small ubiquitin‐like modifier, although not strictly required, contribute to the function of CaWss1 in the suppression of the growth defects under DPC‐inducing conditions. This report is the first investigation of the role of CaWss1 in DPC tolerance in C. albicans.
Relapse of neuromyelitis optica with occipital neuralgia and elevated CSF neopterin
Authors: Miyaue Noriyuki , Yabe Hayato , Yamanishi Yuki , Tada Satoshi , Ando Rina , Nagai Masahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 64‐year‐old woman with anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica presented with pain and dysesthesia in the left occipital region. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed a new high‐intensity area on the left side of the spine (C1‐C2 level), close to a pre‐existing lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed elevated neopterin (53.1 nmol/L) without pleocytosis. The neopterin level normalized 2 weeks (22.0 nmol/L) and 2 months (18.9 nmol/L) after intensified steroid therapy. Occipital neuralgia should be considered a common clinical feature of neuromyelitis optica, and cerebrospinal fluid neopterin may be a useful, sensitive biomarker for central nervous system inflammation in these patients.
Smell and taste in titanium and nickel allergic sensitization in orthodontic patients
Authors: Zigante Martina , Peternel Sandra , Muhvic Urek Miranda , Rincic Mlinaric Marijana , Pop Acev Darko , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of allergic sensitization to titanium and nickel in orthodontic patients and to evaluate alterations of smell and taste.Subjects and MethodsA total of 250 subjects were invited to participate, 245 accepted. The age range was 11‐45 years, 68% were females and 52% adolescents. An epicutaneous patch test was performed. Of the positive subjects in the patch test, 26 participated in the taste and smell testing and were matched by age and sex with 26 negative subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of hypersensitivity to titanium and/or nickel in orthodontic patients was 15.5%. Taste and smell were more impaired in sensitized subjects (P ≤ .025), taste was more affected than smell and the tastes most affected were sour and bitter tastes, while the sweet taste was least impaired.ConclusionThe allergic sensitization to titanium is more uncommon than to nickel, with altered smell and taste related to those hypersensitivities.
Do Different Tibial Osteotomy Techniques Affect Sagittal Alignment in Children with Blount Disease?
Authors: Musikachart Piyanuch , Eamsobhana Perajit 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the radiographic outcomes following dome or wedge‐shaped proximal tibial osteotomy in the management of infantile Blount disease with a particular interest in sagittal alignment of the knee joint.MethodMedical records of patients with Langenskiöld stage 2 Blount disease (aged ≤5 years) who underwent surgical correction between January 2005 and November 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patients with metabolic bone disease, bone tumors, prior traumatic fractures, congenital anomalies, inadequate plain films, and incomplete medical documents were excluded. Patient characteristics (e.g. age, gender, and body mass index [BMI]) and surgical characteristics (e.g. side, type of surgery, and follow‐up times) were recorded. Antero–posterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs were analyzed. Data were categorized by surgical technique as dome‐shaped proximal tibial osteotomy or wedge‐shaped proximal tibial osteotomy. The femorotibial angle (FTA) was used to evaluate the correction angle in varus deformities. Sagittal alignment of the lower limbs using the posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle was measured postoperatively at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and at the final follow‐up visit.ResultsThe present study included 72 surgeries of 46 patients who had undergone proximal tibial osteotomy. Twenty‐nine (63%) were male. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 34.50 months (range, 26–47). The mean weight was 23.11 ± 4.98 kg (mean ± SD); the mean height was 95.33 ± 6.36 cm, and the mean BMI was 25.32 ± 4.36 kg/m2. The mean duration of follow up was 4.77 ± 2.78 years. Sixty‐four patients (88.90%) received dome‐shaped proximal osteotomy of the tibia, while 8 (11.10%) received wedge‐shaped proximal osteotomy of the tibia. The average FTA of the total correction measured was 29.32° ± 7.98°. The demographic data of the two groups were not significantly different for gender, age, BMI, side follow‐up times, and the total correction of varus deformities. In the dome‐shaped osteotomy group, the mean correction of the FTA was 29.59° ± 7.45°. The mean degree of the PTS angle was 6.50° at 3 months, 6.38° at 6 months, 5.32° at 12 months, 5.17° at 24 months, and 5.53° at the final follow‐up visit. In the wedge‐shaped proximal tibial osteotomy group, the mean correction of the FTA was 27.25° ± 11.77°. The PTS was 6.00° at 3 months, 7.50° at 6 months, 7.00° at 12 months, 5.40° at 24 months, and 5.57° at the final follow‐up visit. No significant difference was observed in the radiological outcome between surgical techniques.ConclusionDome and wedge‐shaped proximal tibial osteotomies did not demonstrate significant differences in the PTS angle in children with Blount disease.
Novel use of Autoinflammatory Diseases Activity Index (AIDAI) captures skin and extracutaneous features to help manage pediatric DITRA: A case report and a proposal for a modified disease activity index in autoinflammatory keratinization disorders
Authors: Stephenson Chloe , Prajapati Vimal H. , Hunter Charlene , Miettunen Paivi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe form of psoriasis, which is rare in pediatric and adult patients. It is characterized by sterile pustular lesions that appear on erythematous skin, associated with systemic features. A recent identification of mutations in the IL36RN gene in some GPP patients has led to a diagnosis of new autoinflammatory disease, interleukin‐36‐receptor antagonist deficiency (DITRA). DITRA represents an emerging group of autoinflammatory diseases with hyperkeratotic skin involvement, called autoinflammatory keratinization diseases (AIKD). DITRA diagnosis and management are challenging as neither DITRA‐specific clinical assessment tools nor treatment trials exist. Autoinflammatory Diseases Activity Index (AIDAI) is a validated tool originally developed to evaluate disease activity and treatment response in other inherited autoinflammatory diseases with systemic and skin involvement. We report the first use of AIDAI in a pediatric DITRA patient with the following goals: (a) to describe the contribution of AIDAI to our patient's management; (b) to identify potential limitations of AIDAI in DITRA; (c) to review literature for current psoriasis assessment tools; and (d) to propose a preliminary DITRA/AIKD disease activity index (DITRA/AIDAI) to be validated in future studies.
Can Public Leadership Increase Public Service Motivation and Job Performance?
Authors: Schwarz Gary , Eva Nathan , Newman Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo advance understanding of leadership in the public sector, this article examines the link between accountability, rule‐following, political loyalty, and network governance approaches to leadership and employees' public service motivation (PSM) and individual job performance. Using a sample of 300 civil servants and their 64 managers in China, the study finds that accountability, rule‐following, political loyalty, and network governance leadership are all significantly positively related to employees' PSM levels and job performance. The results of multilevel modeling show that network governance leadership has the strongest positive relationship with both PSM and job performance, suggesting that managers should encourage public employees to initiate and maintain contacts outside their organizations to access relevant information, technical expertise, and resources that may be not be available internally.