bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust effects of stress on early lexical representation
Authors: Segal Osnat , Keren‐Portnoy Tamar , Vihman Marilyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims to elucidate the factors that affect the robustness of word form representations by exploring the relative influence of lexical stress and segmental identity (consonant vs. vowel) on infant word recognition. Our main question was which changes to the words may go unnoticed and which may lead the words to be unrecognizable. One‐hundred 11‐month‐old Hebrew‐learning infants were tested in two experiments using the Central Fixation Procedure. In Experiment 1, 20 infants were presented with iambic Familiar and Unfamiliar words. The infants listened longer to Familiar than to Unfamiliar words, indicating their recognition of frequently heard word forms. In Experiment 2, four groups of 20 infants each were tested in each of four conditions involving altered iambic Familiar words contrasted with iambic Unfamiliar nonwords. In each condition, one segment in the Familiar word was changed—either a consonant or a vowel, in either the first (unstressed) or the second (stressed) syllable. In each condition, recognition of the Familiar words despite the change indicates a less accurate or less well‐specified representation. Infants recognized Familiar words despite changes to the weak (first) syllable, regardless of whether the change involved a consonant or a vowel (conditions 2a, 2c). However, a change of either consonant or vowel in the stressed (second) syllable blocked word recognition (conditions 2b, 2d). These findings support the proposal that stress pattern plays a key role in early word representation, regardless of segmental identity.
Changes in self‐reported and observed parenting following a randomized control trial of parent–child interaction therapy for the treatment of preschool depression
Authors: Whalen Diana J. , Gilbert Kirsten E. , Luby Joan L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundParenting in early childhood exerts substantial influence over children’s emotional health and development. Using data from a randomized controlled trial of a novel treatment for early childhood depression, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development (PCIT‐ED), we explored two broad dimensions of parenting (behavior and affect) to determine whether any changes could be detected following treatment when compared to those in a waitlist control condition.Method229 caregiver–child dyads, 114 randomly assigned to PCIT‐ED for preschool‐onset depression, and 115 assigned to a waitlist completed two structured interaction tasks at baseline and post‐treatment. Interactions were later coded by observer's blind to diagnostic and treatment status.ResultsGreater reductions were found in self‐reported negative parenting behaviors and observed negative affect and greater increases in self‐reported positive parenting behaviors and observed positive affect among the caregivers in the treatment group. Increases in the overall positivity of the observed interactional style of caregivers, but no observed parenting behavior change was found following treatment. Discrepancies between self‐reported and observed parenting were greater among caregivers on the waitlist.ConclusionsFollowing PCIT‐ED treatment, caregivers self‐reported improvements in parenting practices and declines in punitive practices along with observed increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect when interacting with their child. Moreover, coherence between self‐reported and observed parenting was higher in the treatment group. These findings highlight the efficacy of PCIT‐ED in improving parenting behaviors and the need to use multiple methods to assess parenting in treatment studies.
Contribution of magmatism, partial melting buffering and localized crustal thinning on the late Variscan thermal structure of the Agly massif (French Pyrenees)
Authors: Siron Guillaume , Goncalves Philippe , Marquer Didier , Pierre Trap , Paquette Jean‐Louis , Vanardois Jonas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLow pressure‐high temperature (LPHT) metamorphism, with geothermal gradients in the order of 50–100°C/km, is a common feature of the late evolution of collisional orogens. These abnormal thermal conditions may be the results of complex interactions between magmatism, metamorphism and deformation. The Agly massif, in the French Pyrenees, preserves the metamorphic footprints of the late Variscan thermal structure of an almost continuous section from the upper and middle continental crust. The upper crust is characterized by a very high geothermal gradient of ~55°C/km, evolving from greenschist to amphibolite facies, while the middle crust, exposed in a gneissic core, exhibits granulite facies conditions with a near isothermal geothermal gradient (<8°C/km) between 740 and 790°C. The abnormal and discontinuous crustal geothermal gradient, dated at c. 305 Ma on syn‐granulitic monazite by LA‐ICP‐MS, is interpreted to be the result of magmatic intrusions at different structural levels in the crust: the Ansignan charnockite (c. 305 Ma) in the deepest part of the gneissic core, the Tournefort granodiorite (c. 308 Ma) at the interface between the gneissic core and the upper crust and the Saint‐Arnac granite (c. 304 Ma) in the upper section of the massif. The heat input from these magmas combined with the thermal buffering effect of the biotite dehydration‐melting reaction resulted in the near isothermal geothermal gradient in the gneissic core (melt‐enhanced geotherm). The higher geothermal gradient (>50°C/km) in the upper crust is only due to conduction between the hot middle crust and the Earth's surface. The estimated maximum finite pressure range suggests that ~10 to 12 km of crust are exposed in the Agly massif while the present‐day thickness does not exceed 5–6 km. This pressure/depth gap is consistent with the presence of several normal mylonitic shear zones that could have contributed to the subtraction of ~5 km of the rock pile. Monazite U–Th–Pb ages carried out on monazite overgrowths from a highly mylonitized sample suggest that this vertical thinning of the massif occurred at c. 296–300 Ma. This later Variscan extension might have slightly perturbed the 305 Ma geothermal gradient, resulting in an apparent higher conductive geothermal gradient in the upper crust. Although the Agly massif has been affected by Cretaceous extension and Eocene Alpine compression, we suggest that most of the present‐day thickness of the column rock was acquired by the end of the Palaeozoic.
Home monitoring of maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathy
Authors: Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Mandia Daniele , Gentile Francesco , Gallia Francesca , Liberatore Giuseppe , Terenghi Fabrizia , Ruiz Marta , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the utility of different outcome measures to monitor dose adjustment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathy (CIN). We assessed the adjustment of IVIg maintenance therapy in 20 patients (10 CIDP and 10 MMN) by regularly monitoring grip strength (GS) using a Martin Vigorimeter, RODS, and quality of life using the SF‐36 questionnaire. These measures were regularly performed by the patient at home. We also assessed the extended MRC sumscore (eMRC sumscore) at each outpatient visit for IVIg infusion. We also enrolled 30 healthy controls to measure any possible training effect of GS with time and to analyze random fluctuation of GS. Clinically relevant change was detected by eMRC sumscore in 14 (93%) patients, by RODS in 11 (73%) patients, and by GS in 8 (53%) patients. Early sensitivity was greatest for RODS (73%), followed by GS (53%), and eMRC sumscore (27%). This differed from CIDP, with an early change in RODS in 100% of patients, and MMN with an early change in GS in 75%. None of the outcome measures alone was sufficient to detect clinically significant changes in all patients. Home monitoring of outcome measures objectively assisted clinical decision during individualization of IVIg treatment. We recommend a multimodal approach using different outcome measures to monitor the individual patient with CIN.
Respiration cycle duration and seawater flux through open blowholes of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)and North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis)whales
Authors: Martins Maria Clara Iruzun , Miller Carolyn , Hamilton Phillip , Robbins Jooke , Zitterbart Daniel P. , Moore Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the dynamics of baleen whale respiratory cycles, especially the mechanics and activity of the blowholes and their interaction with seawater. In this study, the duration of complete respiration cycles (expiration/inhalation events) were quantified for the first time in two species: North Atlantic right whale (NARW) and humpback whale (HW) using high resolution, detailed imagery from an unoccupied aerial system (UAS). The mean duration of complete respiration cycles (expiration/inhalation event) in the NARW and HW were 3.07 s (SD= 0.503,n= 15) and 2.85 s (SD= 0.581,n= 21), respectively. Furthermore, we saw no significant differences in respiration cycle duration between age and sex classes in the NARW, but significant differences were observed between age classes in the HW. The observation of seawater covering an open blowhole was also quantified, with NARW having 20% of all breaths with seawater presence versus 90% in HW. Seawater incursion has not been described previously and challenges the general consensus that water does not enter the respiratory tract in baleen whales. Prevalent seawater has implications for the analysis and interpretation of exhaled respiratory vapor/mucosa samples, as well as for the potential inhalation of oil in spills.
Change in modifiable maternal characteristics and behaviours between consecutive pregnancies and offspring adiposity: A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth J. , Wilding Sam , Ziauddeen Nida , Godfrey Keith M. , Berrington Ann , Alwan Nisreen A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCausal evidence links modifiable maternal exposures during the periconceptional period with offspring obesity. The interconception period may be an important time to intervene. We systematically identified studies examining change in modifiable maternal exposures between pregnancies and offspring adiposity. We searched for longitudinal studies published between 1990 and 2019, which included measurements taken on at least two occasions in the period from 1 year prior to the conception of the first birth to the time of the second birth, and which included a measure of adiposity in second, or higher order, siblings. Age, ethnicity and genetics were not considered modifiable; all other factors including length of the interpregnancy interval were. Eleven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Higher interpregnancy weight gain or loss, maternal smoking inception, mothers smoking in their first pregnancy and quitting, increasing the number of cigarettes smoked and longer interpregnancy intervals were positively associated with adiposity in second or higher order children. Vaginal birth after caesarean delivery was protective. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the risk of adiposity is fixed based on first pregnancy exposures or if interpregnancy change alters the risk for a subsequent child. This can inform the type and effectiveness of interventions for mothers prior to a subsequent pregnancy.
Is dental caries associated with liver transplantation? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Carla de Souza , Galdino Tuélita Marques , Limeira Francisco Ivison Rodrigues , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , de Magalhães Cláudia Silami , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the experience of dental caries in individuals pre‐ or postliver transplant.Materials and MethodsSearches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Lilacs from databases’ inception date up to April 2020 were undertaken. Gray literature and manual searches were also conducted. Observational studies were eligible. The retrieved references were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Meta‐analysis and risk of bias assessment using the University of Adelaide tool were conducted. The strength of the evidence was assessed with GRADE.ResultsThe search retrieved 1990 references. Twenty‐four cross‐sectional studies were included. One subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the number of teeth with dental caries between pre‐liver transplant and healthy individuals (mean difference = 1.65, confidence interval = −0.87 to 4.17). The prevalence of dental caries among pre‐liver transplant individuals was 73.82% and in the post‐transplant individuals was 72.83%. In the included studies, the main concern regarding risk of bias was the absence of control for confounding variables. The strength of the evidence was very low.ConclusionsDental caries may be a relevant issue in pre‐ and postliver transplant individuals. Oral health counseling should be included in the care of pre‐ and/or postliver transplant individuals.
Geospatial Modeling of Containment Probability for Escaped Wildfires in a Mediterranean Region
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Alcasena Fermín , Gelabert Pere , Vega‐García Cristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite escalating expenditures in firefighting, extreme fire events continue to pose a major threat to ecosystem services and human communities in Mediterranean areas. Developing a safe and effective fire response is paramount to efficiently restrict fire spread, reduce negative effects to natural values, prevent residential housing losses, and avoid causalties. Though current fire policies in most countries demand full suppression, few studies have attempted to identify the strategic locations where firefighting efforts would likely contain catastrophic fire events. The success in containing those fires that escape initial attack is determined by diverse structural factors such as ground accessibility, airborne support, barriers to surface fire spread, and vegetation impedance. In this study, we predicted the success in fire containment across Catalonia (northeastern Spain) using a model generated with random forest from detailed geospatial data and a set of 73 fire perimeters for the period 2008–2016. The model attained a high predictive performance (AUC = 0.88), and the results were provided at fine resolution (25 m) for the entire study area (32,108 km2). The highest success rates were found in agricultural plains along the nonburnable barriers such as major road corridors and largest rivers. Low levels of containment likelihood were predicted for dense forest lands and steep‐relief mountainous areas. The results can assist in suppression resource pre‐positioning and extended attack decision making, but also in strategic fuels management oriented at creating defensive locations and fragmenting the landscape in operational firefighting areas. Our modeling workflow and methods may serve as a baseline to generate locally adapted models in fire‐prone areas elsewhere.
Unfolding the diagnosis of subspectacular fluid opacity in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus)
Authors: Cleymaet Allison M. , Ehrhart EJ , Sadar Miranda J. , Johnston Matthew , Wotman Kathryn , de Linde Henriksen Michala 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo present the results of clinical, surgical, and histopathologic procedures and how these were compared with the initial presumptive clinical diagnosis in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) presenting with subspectacular fluid opacity; and to improve upon currently established surgical enucleation techniques in the snake.Animal studiedAn 8‐month‐old corn snake was presented for enlarged globe OD.ProceduresThe following diagnostics were performed: systemic and ophthalmic examinations, complete blood count, cytology and culture of subspectacular fluid, and histopathology of enucleated globe and spectacle. Enucleation was performed in a routine fashion with the addition of a porcine small intestinal submucosa bioscaffold graft (SISplus™; Avalon Medical, Stillwater, MN), sutured over the orbit.ResultsSystemic examination revealed signs of maxillary stomatitis. Ophthalmic examination revealed semitransparent fluid in the subspectacular space. Complete blood count was unremarkable. Cytology of fluid obtained via subspectacular centesis was acellular, and culture grew Clostridium perfringens, which was consistent with the clinical suspicion of right maxillary stomatitis. Histopathology of the enucleated globe revealed spectaculitis, characterized by regional heterophilic inflammation, and no evidence of lymph dissection in the (peri)ocular tissues. The final diagnosis was a subspectacular abscess. Follow‐up revealed that the SIS graft provided excellent healing and cosmesis of the surgical site.ConclusionsWhile there are reports of lymphatic fluid dissection between skin layers during ecdysis, which can result in an opaque spectacle, the fluid opacity in this case was attributed to a subspectacular abscess secondary to an ascending oral infection. Addition of biological wound dressing may contribute to positive post‐enucleation outcome in the snake.
The use of the GeeniusTM HIV‐1/2 Rapid confirmatory test for the enrolment of patients and blood donors in the WHO Universal Test and Treat Strategy in Cameroon, Africa
Authors: Tagny Claude T. , Bissim Marie , Djeumen Rolande , Ngo Sack Françoise , Angandji Prisca , Ndoumba Annick , Kouanfack Charles , Eno Laura , Mbanya Dora , Murphy Edward L. , Laperche Syria 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectiveIn the WHO Universal test and treat strategy, false‐positive HIV blood donors and patients may be unnecessarily put under antiretroviral treatment and false‐negative subjects may be lost to follow‐up. This study assessed the false positivity rate of the Cameroonian national HIV screening testing algorithm and the benefit of a confirmation test in the enrolment of patients and donors in the HIV care programme.MethodsWe included initial HIV reactive blood donors and patients in a cross‐sectional study conducted in two Cameroonian hospitals. Samples were retested according to the Cameroon national algorithm for HIV diagnosis. A positive or discordant sample was retested with the Geenius Bio‐Rad HIV 1&2 (Bio‐Rad, Marnes‐la‐Coquette, France) for confirmation. The Geenius HIV‐1‐positive results with ‘poor’ profiles were retested for RNA as well as the Geenius indeterminate results.ResultsOf the 356 participants, 190/225 (84·4%) patients and 76/131 (58%) blood donors were declared positive with the national algorithm; 257 participants (96·6%) were confirmed HIV‐1‐positive. The study revealed that about 34/1000 blood donors and patients are false‐positive and unnecessarily put on treatment; 89/1000 blood donors and patients declared discordant could have been included immediately in the HIV care programme if confirmatory testing was performed. The second test of the algorithm had a false‐negative rate of 3%. Eleven samples (3·1%) were Geenius poor positive and NAT negative.ConclusionThe universal test and treat strategy may identify and refer more individuals to HIV care if a third rapid confirmatory test is performed for discordant cases.
Numerical Analysis of Magnetic Field and Heat Transfer of a Reciprocating Magnetocaloric Regenerator Using a Halbach Magnet Array
Authors: Akış Tunahan , Hamad Abdullatif , Ezan Mehmet Akif , Yanık Erim , Yılancı Ahmet , Çelik Serdar , Ekren Orhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, a numerical model of a reciprocating magnetocaloric regenerator using a Halbach magnet array is developed in ansys-fluent software. The model consists of three components, namely, (i) the Halbach magnet array, (ii) the magnetocaloric material (MCM), and (iii) the heat transfer fluid. A two-dimensional (2D) domain is studied due to the axisymmetric geometry of the physical model. A pressure difference is defined between the inlet and outlet sections of the fluid domain to maintain a reciprocating fluid flow. In the proposed computational scheme, a segregated approach is followed to consider the spatial distribution of the magnetic field in the thermal analyses. Therefore, a 2D magnetic field within the MCM is computed using an analytical approach at first, and its results are integrated into ansys-fluent with a user-defined function (UDF). Hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the proposed regenerator model are evaluated under various Reynolds numbers and cycle durations. Moreover, the temperature drop at the cold side of the regenerator is represented in terms of the pressure difference, flow duration, and the diameter of Gadolinium (Gd) as the MCM. For the current geometrical configurations, it is observed that the magnetic field varies from 0.4 T to 1 T within Gd. The highest temperature spans are measured as 8.4 K, 7.5 K, and 7.2 K numerically for the cycle durations of 1.2 s, 2.2 s, and 4.2 s, respectively.
Pleistocene organic matter modified by the Hiawatha impact, northwest Greenland
Authors: Garde Adam A. , Søndergaard Anne Sofie , Guvad Carsten , Dahl-Møller Jette , Nehrke Gernot , Sanei Hamed , Weikusat Christian , Funder Svend , Kjær Kurt H. , Larsen Nicolaj Krog 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 31-km-wide Hiawatha impact crater was recently discovered under the ice sheet in northwest Greenland, but its age remains uncertain. Here we investigate solid organic matter found at the tip of the Hiawatha Glacier to determine its thermal degradation, provenance, and age, and hence a maximum age of the impact. Impactite grains of microbrecchia and shock-melted glass in glaciofluvial sand contain abundant dispersed carbon, and gravel-sized charcoal particles are common on the outwash plain in front of the crater. The organic matter is depleted in the thermally sensitive, labile bio-macromolecule proto-hydrocarbons. Pebble-sized lumps of lignite collected close to the sand sample consist largely of fragments of conifers such as Pinus or Picea, with greatly expanded cork cells and desiccation cracks which suggest rapid, heat-induced expansion and contraction. Pinus and Picea are today extinct from North Greenland but are known from late Pliocene deposits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and early Pleistocene deposits at Kap København in eastern North Greenland. The thermally degraded organic material yields a maximum age for the impact, providing the first firm evidence that the Hiawatha crater is the youngest known large impact structure on Earth.