bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long‐Term Recovery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ludwig Rebecca , D'Silva Linda , Vaduvathiriyan Prasanna , Rippee Michael A. , Siengsukon Catherine 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the association between sleep during the acute stage of concussion and long‐term outcomes.Literature SurveyLiterature searches were performed 1 July 2018 to 1 August 2018 in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science, along with hand searching for gray literature and cited references. Of the 610 search results, 359 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed.MethodologyTwo reviewers independently reviewed and came to consensus on which titles/abstracts met inclusion/exclusion criteria (n = 23). The 23 full‐text articles were assessed independently by the same two reviewers for eligibility. Consensus was achieved, leaving four articles for quality assessment and data extraction. One person extracted relevant data from each study using a standard data‐extraction table. The data extraction table was reviewed by two reviewers and consensus was achieved for completeness and accuracy. Quality appraisal was conducted to assess the risk for potential bias and quality of included articles.SynthesisTwo of the articles included children younger than 16 years old and two included a wide age range. In general, poorer sleep was associated with poorer outcomes following concussion at reassessments across any age population. In addition, poorer sleep in the acute stage of concussion was associated with poorer long‐term outcomes and recovery.ConclusionsThe variability in sleep assessments used, symptoms assessed, length of time to reassessments, and comparator group included made data synthesis challenging. The use of standard valid and reliable sleep assessments is recommended. Future studies may consider if addressing sleep disturbances early following concussion will improve longer‐term outcomes.
The relationship between adult attachment and coping with brain tumour: the mediating role of social support
Authors: Trejnowska Anna , Goodall Karen , Rush Robert , Ellison Marion , McVittie Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveA primary brain tumour diagnosis is known to elicit higher distress than other forms of cancer and is related to high depressive symptomatology. Using a cross‐sectional design, the present study explored how individuals cope with this diagnosis using an attachment theory framework. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were hypothesised to be positively related to helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and cognitive avoidance; and negatively related to fighting spirit and fatalism coping. We proposed perceived social support to play a mediating role in those associations.MethodsFour hundred and eighty participants diagnosed with primary brain tumours completed the Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini‐MAC), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire‐Revised (ECR‐R), and the modified Medical Outcomes Study‐Social Support Scale (mMOS‐SSS) online.ResultsLower perceived social support mediated the positive associations between both higher attachment anxiety and avoidance and higher helpless/hopeless coping. Attachment anxiety was also positively associated with anxious preoccupation. This relationship was not mediated by perceived social support. Cognitive avoidance was unrelated to both attachment dimensions and social support.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that the differences in coping repertoire are associated with social relatedness factors, specifically attachment security and its relationship to perceived social support. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Experimental measurement of initial evaporation mass flows from gasoline spills and comparison with empirical models
Authors: Zinke Ronald , Virothi Naresh , Köhler Florian , Klippel Andrea , Schalau Sebastian , Krause Ulrich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the evaporation mass flow originating from spills of gasoline. Large spills of gasoline may form during partial or complete roof sinkings or in the case of perforations at various deck fittings at external floating roof tanks used for the storage. Additionally, spills may form in the retention area in the case of leakages at pipes or at the hull. The aim is to predict the order of magnitude of real‐scale evaporation mass flow. The determined evaporation mass flows will be used in a related project as input values for subsequent dispersion modeling in the vicinity of the tanks. This is relevant for questions of fire and explosion protection as well as for environmental protection aspects in tank farms or refineries, which use external floating roof tanks. The measurements presented in this paper were compared with predictions by empirical models and investigations of evaporations from small floor spills, round‐bottom flask, or from Petri dishes published in the literature. The main goal of this paper is to test the applicability of empirical models to provide reasonable evaporation mass flows as input for CFD dispersion simulations.
Positioning and stiffening of an articulated/continuum manipulator for implant delivery in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Tamadon Izadyar , Huan Yu , de Groot Antonius G. , Menciassi Arianna , Sinibaldi Edoardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHollow, bendable manipulators can advance implant delivery in minimally invasive surgery, by circumventing the drawbacks of straight‐line delivery and fostering single‐port approaches. Variable stiffness manipulators are sought to be safe and effective.MethodsWe designed and experimentally assessed a cable‐driven articulated/continuum manipulator, devised for cardiac valve delivery. Positioning and stiffening were teleoperated, based on cable shortening. Stiffening was parameterized by using the leading tension (LT, ie, tension of the cables driving bending). We assessed positioning (repeatability/reversibility along eight/two bending directions) and stiffening (eight bent configurations).ResultsWe achieved good repeatability and reversibility (mean errors <1% and 1.5%, respectively, of the workspace characteristic length). Stiffening was effective (up to 9‐fold increase, depending on pose). Stiffening was linearly correlated (R2 = 0.92) with LT for all the considered configurations.ConclusionWe accurately positioned and effectively stiffened the manipulator in several bent configurations. The proposed stiffness modulation strategy can be extended to other manipulators.
Totally robotic vs hybrid abdominoperineal resection: A retrospective multicenter analysis
Authors: Douissard Jonathan , Obias Vincent , Johnson Craig S , Hagen Monika E , Keller Deborah , Ouellette James R , Hellan Minia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancers is technically demanding. Robotic assistance may be of help and can be hybrid (HAPR) or totally robotic (RAPR). The present study describes outcomes of robotic APR and compares both approaches.Material and methodsA multicentric retrospective analysis of rectal cancer patients undergoing either HAPR or RAPR was conducted. Patients' demographics, surgeons' experience, oncologic results, and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were collected.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐five patients were included, 48 in HAPR group and 77 in RAPR group. Demographics and comorbidities were comparable. Operative time was reduced in RAPR group (266.9 ± 107.8 min vs 318.9 ± 75.1 min, P = .001). RAPR patients were discharged home more frequently (91.18% vs 66.67%, P = .001), and experienced fewer parastomal hernias (3.71% vs 9.86%, P = .001).ConclusionRAPR is safe and feasible with appropriate oncologic outcomes. Totally robotic approach reduces operative time and may improve functional outcomes.
Quantifying the habitat and zoogeomorphic capabilities of spawning European barbelBarbus barbus, a lithophilous cyprinid
Authors: Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Bašić Tea , Britton J. Robert , Rice Stephen , Pledger Andrew G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSuitable gravel availability is critical for the spawning success of lithophilous fishes, including redd builders. Redd construction during spawning can alter substrate characteristics, thereby influencing hydraulic conditions and sediment transport, highlighting the importance of spawning as a zoogeomorphic activity. Here, interactions between redd‐building fish and their spawning environment were investigated for European barbelBarbus barbuswith a comparative approach across three English rivers: Teme (western), Great Ouse (eastern) and Idle (central). Sediment characteristics of spawning habitats were similar across the rivers, including subsurface fine sediment (<2 mm) content (≈20% dry weight), but elevated subsurface silt content and coarser surface sediments were found in the river Teme. Water velocities were similar at spawning sites despite differences in channel width and depth. Redds were characterized by a pit and tailspill, with no differences in surface grain‐size characteristics between these and the surrounding riverbed, but with topographic alteration (dimensions and tailspill amplitude) in line with those of salmonids. Estimates of the fraction of the bed that spawning barbel were capable of moving exceeded 97% in all rivers. Estimated reproductive potential varied significantly between the rivers Idle and Teme (3,098 to 9,715 eggs/m2), which was largely due to differences in barbel lengths affecting fecundity. Larger barbel, capable of producing and depositing more eggs, but in more spatially extensive redds, meaning fewer redds per given surface area of riverbed. Predictions of barbel egg mortality based on sand content were low across both rivers. The effects of silt on barbel egg and larvae development are unknown, but the levels detected here would significantly impact salmon egg mortality. Similarities in fish length to redd area and the size of moveable grains by spawning barbel and salmon suggest they have similar geomorphic effects on sediments, although fine sediment tolerance is highly divergent.
Influence of low‐intensity light on phototactic behaviour of Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Lin Chenyu , Dai Huichao , Mao Jingqiao , Ke Senfan , Yin Rucheng , Zhang Ning , Liu Yan , Shi Xiaotao 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present study, colour selection and phototaxis experiments were performed on wild subadult Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd. The experimental variables included: five light colours: red, yellow, green, blue, and dark (no light conditions—control), and two flow rates of 0 and 0.3 m/s. Colour selection experiments were conducted to study the preference of S. oconnori to different colours of light in still water and at 10 lx of light intensity. The results showed that the distribution time of S. oconnori in the yellow and green light areas were significantly longer than those in the red and blue light areas (p < .05), and the order of preference for the five colours was: green > yellow > black > blue > red. In the phototaxis experiment, the phototactic behaviour of S. oconnori was studied when the light intensity was at 20 lx and the water velocity was at 0 and 0.3 m/s, respectively. The results showed that in both still and dynamic water conditions, S. oconnori displayed positive phototaxis for yellow and green light, and negative phototaxis for red and blue light. S. oconnori displayed weak phototaxis with a light intensity threshold of 0.65 lx–0.80 lx and 1.50 lx–3.05 lx for yellow and green light, respectively. The results suggest that low‐intensity green light could be used for light trapping of S. oconnori. The research may be helpful in the management of fish passage facilities and fisheries.
Consistency of spatio‐temporal patterns of avian migration across the Swiss lowlands
Authors: Tschanz Philippe , Pellissier Loïc , Shi Xu , Liechti Felix , Schmid Baptiste 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEach year, billions of birds migrate across the continents by day and night through airspaces increasingly altered by human activity, resulting in the deaths of millions of birds every year through collisions with man‐made structures. To reduce these negative impacts on wildlife, forecasts of high migration intensities are needed to apply mitigation actions. While existing weather radar networks offer a unique possibility to monitor and forecast bird migration at large spatial scales, forecasts at the fine spatial scale within a complex terrain, such as the mountainous Swiss landscape, require a small‐scale network of ornithological radars. Before attempting to build such a network, it is crucial to first investigate the consistency of the migratory flow across space and time. In this study, we simultaneously operated three ornithological radar systems across the Swiss lowlands to assess the spatio‐temporal consistency of diurnal and nocturnal bird movements during the spring and autumn migration season. The relative temporal course of migration intensities was generally consistent between sites during peak migration, in particular for nocturnal movements in autumn, but absolute intensities differed greatly between sites. Outside peak migration, bird movement patterns were much less consistent and, unexpectedly, some presumably non‐migratory bird activity achieved intensities close to peak migration intensities, but without spatial correlations. Only nocturnal migration intensity in autumn could be predicted with consistently high accuracy, but including parameters of atmospheric conditions in the model improved predictability of diurnal movements considerably. Predictions for spring were less reliable, probably because we missed an important part of the migration season. Our results show that reliable forecasts of bird movements within a complex terrain call for a network of year‐round bird monitoring systems, whereas accurate information of atmospheric conditions can help to limit the number of measurement points.
Influence of metakaolin on strength and durability characteristics of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Praveen Kumar Vemu Venkata , Naga Prasad  , Dey Subhashish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper highlights the strength and durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete (GPC) developed with ground‐granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin (MK) as binders. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activators of GPC. The variable parameters considered in this research work were proportions of GGBS and MK. The optimum mix was obtained by varying the proportions in the binder content of GPC. The influence of recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) was also assessed on the arrived optimum GPC mix and compared with natural coarse aggregates. The replacement of RCA was done at 25, 50, and 100%. The durability studies were performed on the arrived optimum mix for natural and RCA concrete. The durability properties of GPC were studied by exposing the concrete specimens to HCl and H2SO4 at 5% concentration for 7, 28, and 56 days. Acid mass loss factor and acid strength loss factor were determined at all ages. From the results, it is observed that the usage of supplementary cementitious material as a partial replacement of GGBS in GPC is improving the strength as well as durability properties of blended GPC. The comparisons of these parameters were examined for the usage of RCA proportions also. The results indicated that the inclusion of RCA up to certain proportions is showing satisfactory results compared to that of GPC with natural aggregates.
Seismic performance of Y‐type eccentrically braced frames combined with high‐strength steel based on performance‐based seismic design
Authors: Li Shen , Wang Qian‐ru , Li Xiao‐lei , Tian Jian‐bo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn the Y‐type eccentrically braced frame structures, the links as fuses are generally located outside the beams; the links can be easily repairable or replaceable after earthquake without obvious damage in the slab and beam. The non‐dissipative member (beams, braces, and columns) in the Y‐type eccentrically braced frames are overestimated designed to ensure adequate plastic deformation of links with dissipating sufficient energy. However, the traditionally code design not only wastes steel but also limits the application of eccentrically braced frames. In this paper, Y‐type eccentrically braced steel frames with high‐strength steel is proposed; links and braces are fabricated with Q345 steel (the nominal yield stress is 345 MPa); the beams and columns are fabricated with high‐strength steel. The usage of high‐strength steel effectively decreases the cross sections of structural members as well as reduces the construction cost. The performance‐based seismic design of eccentrically braced frames was proposed to achieve the ideal failure mode and the same objective. Based on this method, four groups Y‐type eccentrically braced frames of 5‐story, 10‐story, 15‐story, and 20‐story models with ideal failure modes were designed, and each group includes Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with ordinary steel and Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel. Nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed on all prototypes, and the near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions are considered. The bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, story drift, link rotations, and failure modes were compared. The results indicated that Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel have a similar bearing capacity to ordinary steel; however, the lateral stiffness of Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel is smaller. Similar failure modes and story drift distribution of the prototype structures designed using the performance‐based seismic design method are performed under rare earthquake conditions.
Projected changes in wind speed and its energy potential in China using a high‐resolution regional climate model
Authors: Guo Junhong , Huang Guohe , Wang Xiuquan , Xu Ye , Li Yongping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFollowing its commitment to Paris Agreement in 2015, China has started to explore potential renewable energy solutions with low carbon emissions to mitigate global warming. Though wind energy is one of the most cost‐effective solutions and has been favored for climate policy development around the world, its high sensitivity to climate change raises some critical issues for the long‐term effectiveness in providing sustainable energy supply. Particularly, how wind speed and its energy potential in China will change in the context of global warming is still not well understood. In this paper, we simulate the near‐surface wind speed over China using the PRECIS regional climate modeling system under different RCP emission scenarios for assessing the possible changes in wind speed and wind energy availability over China throughout the 21st century. Overall, the PRECIS model can reasonably reproduce the mesoscale climatological near‐surface wind speed and directions as documented in reanalysis data across most regions of China, while some local discrepancies are reported in the southwestern regions. In the future, the annual mean wind speed would be decreasing in most regions of China, except for a slightly increase in the southeast. The expected changes in wind speed are characterized with different amplitudes and rates under different RCP emission scenarios. The changes in the spatial distribution of wind speed seem to be sensitive for RCP climate emission scenarios, especially in the late 21st century. The spatiotemporal changes in wind energy potential exhibit a similar behavior to those in near‐surface wind speed, but the magnitudes of these changes are larger. In general, the wind power density is expected to increase by over 5% in winter in the major wind fields in China (ie, Northwest, Northcentral and Northeast), while significant decreases (by about 6% on average) are projected for other seasons (ie, spring, summer and autumn). By contrast, the wind energy potential in the northeast would increase over most months in the year, especially in winter and summer. The results of this research are of great importance for understanding where and to what extent the wind energy can be utilized to contribute renewable energy system development in China in support of its long‐term climate change mitigation commitment.
The evolution of genomic imprinting: Epigenetic control of mammary gland development and postnatal resource control
Authors: Hanin Geula , Ferguson‐Smith Anne C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenomic imprinting is an epigenetically regulated process leading to gene expression according to its parental origin. Imprinting is essential for prenatal growth and development, regulating nutritional resources to offspring, and contributing to a favored theory about the evolution of imprinting being due to a conflict between maternal and paternal genomes for the control of prenatal resources—the so‐called kinship hypothesis. Genomic imprinting has been mainly studied during embryonic and placental development; however, maternal nutrient provisioning is not restricted to the prenatal period. In this context, the mammary gland acts at the maternal‐offspring interface providing milk to the newborn. Maternal care including lactation supports the offspring, delivering nutrients and bioactive molecules protecting against infections and contributing to healthy organ development and immune maturation. The normal developmental cycle of the mammary gland—pregnancy, lactation, involution—is vital for this process, raising the question of whether genomic imprinting might also play a role in postnatal nutrient transfer by controlling mammary gland development. Characterizing the function and epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes in the mammary gland cycle may therefore provide novel insights into the evolution of imprinting since the offspring's paternal genome is absent from the mammary gland, in addition to increasing our knowledge of postnatal nutrition and its relation to life‐long health.This article is categorized under:
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease