bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open-Source Monitor-Independent Movement Summary for Accelerometer Data Processing
Authors: John Dinesh , Tang Qu , Albinali Fahd , Intille Stephen 
Published: November 2019

Background: Physical behavior researchers using motion sensors often use acceleration summaries to visualize, clean, and interpret data. Such output is dependent on device specifications (e.g., dynamic range, sampling rate) and/or are proprietary, which invalidate cross-study comparison of findings when using different devices. This limits flexibility in selecting devices to measure physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Purpose: Develop an open-source, universal acceleration summary metric that accounts for discrepancies in raw data among research and consumer devices. Methods: We used signal processing techniques to generate a Monitor-Independent Movement Summary unit (MIMS-unit) optimized to capture normal human motion. Methodological steps included raw signal harmonization to eliminate inter-device variability (e.g., dynamic g-range, sampling rate), bandpass filtering (0.2–5.0 Hz) to eliminate non-human movement, and signal aggregation to reduce data to simplify visualization and summarization. We examined the consistency of MIMS-units using orbital shaker testing on eight accelerometers with varying dynamic range (±2 to ±8 g) and sampling rates (20–100 Hz), and human data (N = 60) from an ActiGraph GT9X. Results: During shaker testing, MIMS-units yielded lower between-device coefficient of variations than proprietary ActiGraph and ENMO acceleration summaries. Unlike the widely used ActiGraph activity counts, MIMS-units were sensitive in detecting subtle wrist movements during sedentary behaviors. Conclusions: Open-source MIMS-units may provide a means to summarize high-resolution raw data in a device-independent manner, thereby increasing standardization of data cleaning and analytical procedures to estimate selected attributes of physical behavior across studies.
Effect of motivational interviewing on gestational weight gain and fetal growth in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Vestgaard Marianne , Ringholm Lene , Andersen Lise Lotte Torvin , Jensen Dorte Møller , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo study how lifestyle coaching with motivational interviewing to improve adherence to healthy eating affects gestational weight gain and fetal growth in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting.Research design and methodsA cohort study including a prospective intervention cohort of consecutive, singleton pregnant, Danish-speaking women with type 2 diabetes included between August 2015 and February 2018 and a historical reference cohort included between February 2013 and August 2015. The intervention consisted of a motivational interviewing to improve adherence to healthy eating in addition to routine care. The reference cohort received routine care only. The main outcomes were gestational weight gain and large for gestational age (LGA) infants.ResultsNinety-seven women were included in the intervention cohort and 92 in the reference cohort. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (32.8±6.9 kg/m2vs 32.4±7.4 kg/m2, p=0.70), gestational weight gain (9.2±5.8 kg vs 10.2±5.8 kg, p=0.25), HbA1c in early pregnancy (6.7%±1.1% vs 6.5%±1.3% (50±12 mmol/mol vs 48±14 mmol/mol), p=0.32) and late pregnancy (5.9%±0.5% vs 6.0%±0.6% (41±6 mmol/mol vs 42±7 mmol/mol), p=0.34) were comparable in the two cohorts. LGA infants occurred in 20% vs 31%, p=0.07, respectively, and after adjustment for maternal characteristics 14% vs 27% delivered LGA infants (p=0.04). Birth weight z-score was 0.24±1.36 vs 0.61±1.38, p=0.06.ConclusionsMotivational interviewing to improve adherence to healthy eating in addition to routine care in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes tended to reduce fetal overgrowth without major effect on gestational weight gain. Further studies investigating the cost-benefit of enhancing motivation are needed.Trial registration numberNCT02883127.
The Stunting Tool for Early Prevention: development and external validation of a novel tool to predict risk of stunting in children at 3 years of age
Authors: Hanieh Sarah , Braat Sabine , Simpson Julie A , Ha Tran Thi Thu , Tran Thach D , Tuan Tran , Fisher Jane , Biggs Beverley-Ann 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionGlobally, an estimated 151 million children under 5 years of age still suffer from the adverse effects of stunting. We sought to develop and externally validate an early life predictive model that could be applied in infancy to accurately predict risk of stunting in preschool children.MethodsWe conducted two separate prospective cohort studies in Vietnam that intensively monitored children from early pregnancy until 3 years of age. They included 1168 and 475 live-born infants for model development and validation, respectively. Logistic regression on child stunting at 3 years of age was performed for model development, and the predicted probabilities for stunting were used to evaluate the performance of this model in the validation data set.ResultsStunting prevalence was 16.9% (172 of 1015) in the development data set and 16.4% (70 of 426) in the validation data set. Key predictors included in the final model were paternal and maternal height, maternal weekly weight gain during pregnancy, infant sex, gestational age at birth, and infant weight and length at 6 months of age. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the validation data set was 0.85 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.80–0.90).ConclusionThis tool applied to infants at 6 months of age provided valid prediction of risk of stunting at 3 years of age using a readily available set of parental and infant measures. Further research is required to examine the impact of preventive measures introduced at 6 months of age on those identified as being at risk of growth faltering at 3 years of age.
Mitsuba 2
Authors: Nimier-David Merlin , Vicini Delio , Zeltner Tizian , Jakob Wenzel 
Published: November 2019

Modern rendering systems are confronted with a dauntingly large and growing set of requirements: in their pursuit of realism, physically based techniques must increasingly account for intricate properties of light, such as its spectral composition or polarization. To reduce prohibitive rendering times, vectorized renderers exploit coherence via instruction-level parallelism on CPUs and GPUs. Differentiable rendering algorithms propagate derivatives through a simulation to optimize an objective function, e.g., to reconstruct a scene from reference images. Catering to such diverse use cases is challenging and has led to numerous purpose-built systems---partly, because retrofitting features of this complexity onto an existing renderer involves an error-prone and infeasibly intrusive transformation of elementary data structures, interfaces between components, and their implementations (in other words, everything).
We propose Mitsuba 2, a versatile renderer that is intrinsically retargetable to various applications including the ones listed above. Mitsuba 2 is implemented in modern C++ and leverages template metaprogramming to replace types and instrument the control flow of components such as BSDFs, volumes, emitters, and rendering algorithms. At compile time, it automatically transforms arithmetic, data structures, and function dispatch, turning generic algorithms into a variety of efficient implementations without the tedium of manual redesign. Possible transformations include changing the representation of color, generating a "wide" renderer that operates on bundles of light paths, just-in-time compilation to create computational kernels that run on the GPU, and forward/reverse-mode automatic differentiation. Transformations can be chained, which further enriches the space of algorithms derived from a single generic implementation.
We demonstrate the effectiveness and simplicity of our approach on several applications that would be very challenging to create without assistance: a rendering algorithm based on coherent MCMC exploration, a caustic design method for gradient-index optics, and a technique for reconstructing heterogeneous media in the presence of multiple scattering.
Reparameterizing discontinuous integrands for differentiable rendering
Authors: Loubet Guillaume , Holzschuch Nicolas , Jakob Wenzel 
Published: November 2019

Differentiable rendering has recently opened the door to a number of challenging inverse problems involving photorealistic images, such as computational material design and scattering-aware reconstruction of geometry and materials from photographs. Differentiable rendering algorithms strive to estimate partial derivatives of pixels in a rendered image with respect to scene parameters, which is difficult because visibility changes are inherently non-differentiable.
We propose a new technique for differentiating path-traced images with respect to scene parameters that affect visibility, including the position of cameras, light sources, and vertices in triangle meshes. Our algorithm computes the gradients of illumination integrals by applying changes of variables that remove or strongly reduce the dependence of the position of discontinuities on differentiable scene parameters. The underlying parameterization is created on the fly for each integral and enables accurate gradient estimates using standard Monte Carlo sampling in conjunction with automatic differentiation. Importantly, our approach does not rely on sampling silhouette edges, which has been a bottleneck in previous work and tends to produce high-variance gradients when important edges are found with insufficient probability in scenes with complex visibility and high-resolution geometry. We show that our method only requires a few samples to produce gradients with low bias and variance for challenging cases such as glossy reflections and shadows. Finally, we use our differentiable path tracer to reconstruct the 3D geometry and materials of several real-world objects from a set of reference photographs.
Hierarchical and view-invariant light field segmentation by maximizing entropy rate on 4D ray graphs
Authors: Li Rui , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

Image segmentation is an important first step of many image processing, computer graphics, and computer vision pipelines. Unfortunately, it remains difficult to automatically and robustly segment cluttered scenes, or scenes in which multiple objects have similar color and texture. In these scenarios, light fields offer much richer cues that can be used efficiently to drastically improve the quality and robustness of segmentations.
In this paper we introduce a new light field segmentation method that respects texture appearance, depth consistency, as well as occlusion, and creates well-shaped segments that are robust under view point changes. Furthermore, our segmentation is hierarchical, i.e. with a single optimization, a whole hierarchy of segmentations with different numbers of regions is available. All this is achieved with a submodular objective function that allows for efficient greedy optimization. Finally, we introduce a new tree-array type data structure, i.e. a disjoint tree, to efficiently perform submodular optimization on very large graphs. This approach is of interest beyond our specific application of light field segmentation.
We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on a number of synthetic and real data sets, and show how the obtained segmentations can be used for applications in image processing and graphics.
Wirtinger holography for near-eye displays
Authors: Chakravarthula Praneeth , Peng Yifan , Kollin Joel , Fuchs Henry , Heide Felix 
Published: November 2019

Near-eye displays using holographic projection are emerging as an exciting display approach for virtual and augmented reality at high-resolution without complex optical setups --- shifting optical complexity to computation. While precise phase modulation hardware is becoming available, phase retrieval algorithms are still in their infancy, and holographic display approaches resort to heuristic encoding methods or iterative methods relying on various relaxations.
In this work, we depart from such existing approximations and solve the phase retrieval problem for a hologram of a scene at a single depth at a given time by revisiting complex Wirtinger derivatives, also extending our framework to render 3D volumetric scenes. Using Wirtinger derivatives allows us to pose the phase retrieval problem as a quadratic problem which can be minimized with first-order optimization methods. The proposed Wirtinger Holography is flexible and facilitates the use of different loss functions, including learned perceptual losses parametrized by deep neural networks, as well as stochastic optimization methods. We validate this framework by demonstrating holographic reconstructions with an order of magnitude lower error, both in simulation and on an experimental hardware prototype.
QuadMixer
Authors: Nuvoli Stefano , Hernandez Alex , Esperança Claudio , Scateni Riccardo , Cignoni Paolo , Pietroni Nico 
Published: November 2019

We propose QuadMixer, a novel interactive technique to compose quad mesh components preserving the majority of the original layouts. Quad Layout is a crucial property for many applications since it conveys important information that would otherwise be destroyed by techniques that aim only at preserving shape.
Our technique keeps untouched all the quads in the patches which are not involved in the blending. We first perform robust boolean operations on the corresponding triangle meshes. Then we use this result to identify and build new surface patches for small regions neighboring the intersection curves. These blending patches are carefully quadrangulated respecting boundary constraints and stitched back to the untouched parts of the original models. The resulting mesh preserves the designed edge flow that, by construction, is captured and incorporated to the new quads as much as possible. We present our technique in an interactive tool to show its usability and robustness.
Multi-theme generative adversarial terrain amplification
Authors: Zhao Yiwei , Liu Han , Borovikov Igor , Beirami Ahmad , Sanjabi Maziar , Zaman Kazi 
Published: November 2019

Achieving highly detailed terrain models spanning vast areas is crucial to modern computer graphics. The pipeline for obtaining such terrains is via amplification of a low-resolution terrain to refine the details given a desired theme, which is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Recently, data-driven methods, such as the sparse construction tree, have provided a promising direction to equip the artist with better control over the theme.
These methods learn to amplify terrain details by using an exemplar of high-resolution detailed terrains to transfer the theme. In this paper, we propose Generative Adversarial Terrain Amplification (GATA) that achieves better local/global coherence compared to the existing data-driven methods while providing even more ways to control the theme. GATA is comprised of two key ingredients. Thefi rst one is a novel embedding of themes into vectors of real numbers to achieve a single tool for multi-theme amplification. The theme component can leverage existing LIDAR data to generate similar terrain features. It can also generate newfi ctional themes by tuning the embedding vector or even encoding a new example terrain into an embedding. The second one is an adversarially trained model that, conditioned on an embedding and a low-resolution terrain, generates a high-resolution terrain adhering to the desired theme. The proposed integral approach reduces the need for unnecessary manual adjustments, can speed up the development, and brings the model quality to a new level. Our implementation of the proposed method has proved successful in large-scale terrain authoring for an open-world game.
Feedpal
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Malik Prerna , Dabas Kirti , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: November 2019

Use of chatbots in different spheres of life is continuously increasing since a couple of years. We attempt to understand the potential of chatbots for breastfeeding education by conducting an Wizard-of-Oz experiment with 22 participants. Our participants included breastfeeding mothers and community health workers from the slum areas of Delhi, India.
We prototyped our chatbot as an interactive question-answering application and analyzed users' interaction patterns, perceptions, and contexts of use. The chatbot use cases emerged primarily as the first line of support. The participants, especially the mothers, were enthusiastic with the opportunity to ask questions and get reliable answers. We also observed the influencing role of female relative, e.g. mothers-in-law, in breastfeeding practices. Our analysis of user information-seeking suggests that a majority of questions (88%) are of nature that can be answered by a chatbot application. We further observe that the queries are embedded deeply into myths and existing belief systems. Therefore requiring the designers to focus on subtle aspects for providing information such as positive reinforcement and contextual sensitivity. Further, we discuss, different societal and ethical issues associated with Chatbot usage for a public health topic such as breastfeeding education.
"Is my phone hacked?" Analyzing Clinical Computer Security Interventions with Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Freed Diana , Havron Sam , Tseng Emily , Gallardo Andrea , Chatterjee Rahul , Ristenpart Thomas , Dell Nicola 
Published: November 2019

Intimate partner abusers use technology to track, monitor, harass, and otherwise harm their victims, and prior work reports that victims have few resources for obtaining help with such attacks. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of data from a field study of an approach to helping survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with technology abuse. In this approach, called clinical computer security, a trained technologist performs a face-to-face consultation with an IPV survivor to help them understand and navigate technology issues. Findings from consultations with 31 survivors, as well as IPV professionals working on their behalf, uncovered a range of digital security and privacy vulnerabilities exacerbated by the nuanced social context of such abuse.
In this paper we explore survivor experiences with, and reactions to, the consultations, discussing (1) the ways in which survivors present their tech concerns, (2) the cooperative work required to guide survivors towards understanding probable causes of tech insecurity, (3) survivors' reactions to the consultations, particularly when security vulnerabilities or spyware are discovered, and (4) the role we play as consultants and interventionists in the complex socio-technical systems involved in mitigating IPV. We conclude by discussing some of the broad ethical and sustainability challenges raised by our work, and provide design opportunities for tech platforms to better support survivors of IPV.
Ischemic and Bleeding Risk After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Prior Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Natsuaki Masahiro , Morimoto Takeshi , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Furukawa Yutaka , Kadota Kazushige , Akasaka Takashi , Hanaoka Keiichi Igarashi , Kozuma Ken , Tanabe Kengo , Morino Yoshihiro , Muramatsu Toshiya , Kimura Takeshi ,   the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort‐2, RESET and NEXT trial investigators
Published: November 2019

Background

Prior stroke is regarded as risk factor for bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
). However, there is a paucity of data on detailed bleeding risk of patients with prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes after
PCI
.

Methods and Results

In a pooled cohort of 19 475 patients from 3 Japanese
PCI
studies, we assessed the influence of prior hemorrhagic (n=285) or ischemic stroke (n=1773) relative to no‐prior stroke (n=17 417) on ischemic and bleeding outcomes after
PCI
. Cumulative 3‐year incidences of the co‐primary bleeding end points of intracranial hemorrhage, non‐intracranial
global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO)
moderate/severe bleeding, and the primary ischemic end point of ischemic stroke/myocardial infarction were higher in the prior hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke groups than in the no‐prior stroke group (6.8%, 2.5%, and 1.3%,
P
<0.0001, 8.8%, 8.0%, and 6.0%,
P
=0.001, and 12.7%, 13.4%, and 7.5%,
P
<0.0001). After adjusting confounders, the excess risks of both prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes relative to no‐prior stroke remained significant for intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio (HR) 4.44, 95%
CI
2.64–7.01,
P
<0.0001, and
HR
1.52, 95%
CI
1.06–2.12,
P
=0.02), but not for non‐intracranial bleeding (
HR
1.18, 95%
CI
0.76–1.73,
P
=0.44, and
HR
0.94, 95%
CI
0.78–1.13,
P
=0.53). The excess risks of both prior hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes relative to no‐prior stroke remained significant for ischemic events mainly driven by the higher risk for ischemic stroke (
HR
1.46, 95%
CI
1.02–2.01,
P
=0.04, and
HR
1.49, 95%
CI
1.29–1.72,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with prior hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke as compared with those with no‐prior stroke had higher risk for intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic events, but not for non‐intracranial bleeding after
PCI
.
Evaluation of Cardiac Function in Women With a History of Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Reddy Maya , Wright Leah , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Li Wentao , Mol Ben Willem , La Gerche Andre , da SilvaCosta Fabricio , Wallace Euan M. , Palmer Kirsten 
Published: November 2019

Background
Women with a history of preeclampsia are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms of disease association, and the ideal method of monitoring this high‐risk group, remains unclear. This review aims to determine whether women with a history of preeclampsia show clinical or subclinical cardiac changes when evaluated with an echocardiogram.

Methods and Results

A systematic search of
MEDLINE
,
EMBASE,
and
CINAHL
databases was performed to identify studies that examined cardiac function in women with a history of preeclampsia, in comparison with those with normotensive pregnancies. In the 27 included studies, we found no significant differences between preeclampsia and nonpreeclampsia women with regard to left ventricular ejection fraction, isovolumetric relaxation time, or deceleration time. Women with a history of preeclampsia demonstrated a higher left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness with a mean difference of 4.25 g/m
2
(95%
CI
, 2.08, 6.42) and 0.03 (95%
CI
, 0.01, 0.05), respectively. In comparison with the nonpreeclampsia population, they also demonstrated a lower E/A and a higher E/e′ ratio with a mean difference of −0.08 (95%
CI
, −0.15, −0.01) and 0.84 (95%
CI
, 0.41, 1.27), respectively.

Conclusions
In comparison with women who had a normotensive pregnancy, women with a history of preeclampsia demonstrated a trend toward altered cardiac structure and function. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consistent echocardiogram reporting with the use of sensitive preclinical markers are required to assess the role of echocardiography in monitoring this high‐risk population group.