bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international study of technology enhanced learning-related strategies from the perspective of disruptive innovation
Authors: Flavin Michael , Quintero Valentina 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyse institutional strategy documents relating to technology-enhanced learning.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 84 documents were sampled from 71 leading higher education institutions (HEIs), identified through the Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings 2018. Qualitative content analysis with a directed approach was used to analyse the strategy documents. The specific theory used was disruptive innovation. The use of “innovation”, or variants thereof, was counted in each document. Ten case studies from the sample were used for content analysis.FindingsTechnology-enhanced learning-related strategy documents are conservative, advocating the more efficient use of existing technologies, or the incremental enhancement of existing technologies, but not transformation through technology.Originality/valueBy evaluating the extent to which selected institutional strategies engage with innovation in technology-enhanced learning, this study argues HEIs advocate sustaining innovation or efficiency innovation to a greater extent than disruptive innovation.
Encountering UFOs and aliens in the tourism industry
Authors: Wright Daniel William Mackenzie 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Human fascination in the unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and alien paranormal phenomenon is rich in history, explored widely in popular culture and many personal beliefs exist across society. The tourism industry offers a range of places where consumers can encounter such a phenomenon. Reports continue to highlight the growth in consumers participating at UFO and alien tourism attractions and locations. Significantly, the purpose of this paper is to shine a light on the relationship between UFOs, aliens and the tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes a pragmatic philosophical approach by embracing a multi-disciplinary analysis. This study examines a range of secondary data information, statistics, reports and research studies.

Findings
By identifying the current impotence of the UFO and alien tourism markets and the growing consumer participation in it, this paper presents a theoretical starting point in the form of a model, which maps the current landscape of the industry from supply and demand perspectives. This study should be seen as a stepping stone towards further research into the UFO and alien tourism industry and provide researchers with a theoretical platform and novel ideas through which to explore the subject.

Originality/value
The phenomenon includes an established eclectic mix of attractions and likewise tourist motivations for visiting are wide and diverse. However, the subject lacks academic consideration. Thus, this paper presents original research and timely discussions on the topic.
Public libraries and public primary school literacy: a Kenyan case study
Authors: Mose Peter 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how public libraries have been instrumental in early child school literacy teaching and learning. Most African public schools do not usually afford enough core textbooks and supplementary readers.Design/methodology/approachThis was a qualitative case study in Western Kenya amongst public library staff members, public primary school teachers and parents of library children clients. The following questions were addressed: What is the book situation in public primary schools in the study site? What school-type literacy-related services are offered by the sampled public library? and What are library staff members’, teachers’ and parents’ feelings about the public library services offered? Observations, interviews and document studies were used to collect data. Data were analysed thematically.FindingsPublic schools do not have enough core textbooks and the situation is worse for supplementary readers; the public library branch studied offers critical school-type literacies to school children both at the library building as well as at public schools registered with it; and library staff members, teachers, and parents express positive feelings about the services offered.Research limitations/implicationsThis was a case study whose findings might not apply to the larger situation and the study did not confirm actual literacy benefits of the library services amongst school children by, for instance, conducting literacy tests. The findings are, however, an index to the possible situation in the macro context.Practical implicationsThe relevant stakeholders should find ways of co-opting public libraries as associates of public schools in literacy teaching. This relationship is not straight forward in Kenya.Originality/valueThe findings reported are from original research.
Socio-demographic characteristics and green consumption behavior in developing countries: the case of Malaysia
Authors: Kwon Jookyung , Ahn Jiseon 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of customers’ socio-demographic characteristics on the formation of behavioral intention toward green hotels in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study used partial least square-structural equation modeling to analyze a sample of 400 green hotel customers in Malaysia. Further, multi-group analysis (MGA) is conducted to examine whether a significant difference exists across demographic groups.

Findings
Attitude and perceived behavioral control exert positive effects on desire, which in turn considerably influences behavioral intention. Results of MGA indicate that attributions have varying effects on the desire and behavioral intention with different socio-demographic characteristics. In particular, negative anticipated emotion negatively predicts desire among the customers of the older group, whereas positive anticipated emotion and subjective norm positively influence desire among the customers of the low educational level group.

Research limitations/implications
The study examines green hotel customers’ behavior in Malaysia, and further research is needed to determine whether the impact of the proposed determinants across different industries. As the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has started to influence customers’ behavior, the findings may be changing over time. Thus, a further longitudinal study would be beneficial to monitor the performance hotel CSR activities.

Originality/value
Although there is an increasing interest in CSR activities among Malaysian customers, there is a lack of information regarding customers’ motivation in the green hotel context. Furthermore, limited studies examined the role of customers’ demographic characteristics in the CSR literature. There is a need to understand green hotel industry and customers’ responses toward CSR activities.
Development of a novel T cell‐oriented vaccine using CTL/Th‐hybrid epitope long peptide and biodegradable microparticles, against an intracellular bacterium
Authors: Tanaka Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Uehara Masahiro , Furuhashi Kazuki , Sakurai Shogo , Yasui Hideki , Karayama Masato , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Inui Naoki , Nakamura Yutaro , Nagata Toshi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntigen‐specific CD8+ T‐lymphocytes (cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes: CTL), as well as CD4+ T‐lymphocytes (helper T‐lymphocytes: Th), simultaneously play an important role in the elimination of intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes. Administration of T‐cell epitope short peptide needs large numbers of peptides for effective vaccination due to its easily degradable nature in vivo. In this respect, biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles combined with CTL/Th‐hybrid epitope long peptide (long peptide) have been used to diminish the degradation of loaded peptide. The aim of this study is to develop a novel T cell‐oriented vaccine against intracellular bacteria that is composed of long peptide and poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles. Mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were loaded with L. monocytogenes listeriolysin O (LLO)‐derived or ovalbumin (OVA)‐derived long peptide/PLGA or other comparative antigens. The antigen‐loaded BMDCs were injected subcutaneously into the flank of mice twice, and then, the spleens were collected and lymphocyte proliferation and interferon‐γ production were evaluated. The median diameter of the PLGA spheres was 1.38 μm. Both LLO‐ and OVA‐long peptide/PLGA showed significantly more robust CTL and Th proliferations with higher interferon‐γ production than the long peptide alone or CTL and Th short peptides/PLGA vaccination. Furthermore, the LLO‐long peptide/PLGA vaccination showed a significantly lower bacterial burden in spleens compared with the long peptide alone or the CTL and Th short peptides/PLGA vaccination after the challenge of lethal amounts of L. monocytogenes. These results suggest that the novel vaccine taking advantages of CTL/Th‐hybrid epitope long peptide and PLGA microparticle is effective for protection against intracellular bacteria.
Water availability drives fine root dynamics in a Eucalyptus woodland under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Piñeiro Juan , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Drake John E. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Power Sally A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Fine roots are a key component of carbon and nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems. Rising atmospheric [CO2] (eCO2) is likely to alter the production and activity of fine roots, with important consequences for forest carbon storage. Yet empirical evidence of the role of eCO2 in driving root dynamics is limited, particularly for grassy woodlands, an ecosystem type of global importance.

We sampled fine roots across seasons over a 2‐year period to examine the effects of eCO2 on their biomass, production, turnover and functional traits in a native mature grassy Eucalyptus woodland in eastern Australia (EucFACE).

Fine root biomass, production and turnover varied greatly through time, increasing as soil water content declined. Despite a lack of consistent effects of eCO2 on fine root biomass, production or turnover across the 2‐year sampling period, we found enhanced production pulses under eCO2 between 10‐ and 30‐cm soil depth. In addition, eCO2 led to greater carbon and phosphorus concentrations in fine roots and increased root diameter, but no detectable effects on other morphological traits.

Synthesis. We found minor quantitative effects of eCO2 on fine root biomass dynamics that were largely driven by temporal variations in soil water availability. Our results suggest that in this mature grassy woodland, and perhaps also in other similar forested ecosystem types, eCO2 effects are small and transient. This also implies a limited ability of these systems to mitigate climate change through below‐ground mechanisms.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A non‐flagellated, predatory soil bacterium reprograms a chemosensory system to control antifungal antibiotic production via cyclic di‐GMP signalling
Authors: Xu Kangwen , Shen Danyu , Han Sen , Chou Shan‐Ho , Qian Guoliang 
Published: August 2020

SummaryLysobacter enzymogenes is a non‐flagellated, soil proteobacterium that secretes a diffusible antibiotic known as heat‐stable antifungal factor (HSAF) to kill nearby fungi for food. The genome of the model strain OH11 encodes a homologous Wsp system, which is generally deployed by flagellated bacteria to achieve flagella‐dependent outputs via a c‐di‐GMP‐FleQ complex, in which c‐di‐GMP is a ubiquitous dinucleotide second messenger and FleQ is a transcription factor (TF). Here, we show that the Wsp system in the non‐flagellated OH11 participates in a unique c‐di‐GMP‐dependent signalling pathway and forms a WspR‐CdgL binary complex to alter HSAF production, in which WspR and CdgL act as a c‐di‐GMP diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and a non‐TF binding protein respectively. We found that the phosphorylation of WspR activates its DGC activity and enhances c‐di‐GMP production while inhibiting HSAF biosynthesis. The phosphorylation of WspR also plays a key role in weakening WspR‐CdgL binding and HSAF generation. Interestingly, c‐di‐GMP binding to CdgL did not seem to induce the disassociation of the WspR‐CdgL complex. These observations, along with our earlier findings, lead us to propose a model in which L. enzymogenes re‐programs the Wsp system via c‐di‐GMP signalling to regulate HSAF biosynthesis for the benefit of ecological adaptation.
Intrinsic enzyme‐like activity of magnetite particles is enhanced by cultivation with Trichoderma guizhouense
Authors: Chi Zhi‐Lai , Zhao Xiang‐Yang , Chen Ya‐Ling , Hao Jia‐Long , Yu Guang‐Hui , Goodman Bernard A. , Gadd Geoffrey Michael 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFungal–mineral interactions can produce large amounts of biogenic nano‐size (~ 1–100 nm) minerals, yet their influence on fungal physiology and growth remains largely unexplored. Using Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 and magnetite (Mt) as a model fungus and mineral system, we have shown for the first time that biogenic Mt nanoparticles formed during fungal–mineral cultivation exhibit intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity. Specifically, the average peroxidase‐like activity of Mt nanoparticles after 72 h cultivation was ~ 2.4 times higher than that of the original Mt. Evidence from high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles largely stemmed from their high proportion of surface non‐lattice oxygen, through occupying surface oxygen‐vacant sites, rather than Fe redox chemistry, which challenges conventional Fenton reaction theories that assume iron to be the sole redox‐active centre. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry with a resolution down to 50 nm demonstrated that a thin (< 1 μm) oxygen‐film was present on the surface of fungal hyphae. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐FTIR spectra revealed that surface oxygen groups corresponded mainly to organic OH, mineral OH and carbonyl groups. Together, these findings highlight an important, but unrecognized, catalytic activity of mineral nanoparticles produced by fungal–mineral interactions and contribute substantially to our understanding of mineral nanoparticles in natural ecosystems.
Populism and health policy: three international case studies of right‐wing populist policy frames
Authors: Speed Ewen , Mannion Russell 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, some of the world's most stable parliamentary democracies have witnessed a revival in right‐wing populist political parties, movements and leaders. Although there is a growing body of theoretical and empirical literature documenting the rise of populism, there has been very little exploration of the implications for health policy of this important political development. In this article, we draw from three illustrative international cases, originating from the USA, the UK and Italy, to explore the ways in which right‐wing populism influences health policy: the election of President Trump in the United States (and subsequent healthcare reforms), the United Kingdom's vote to withdraw from the European Union (Brexit), and how this has played out in the context of the UK National Health Service, and the rise of a politically aligned anti‐vaccination movement in Italy. Drawing on the work of the influential socio‐political theorist Ernesto Laclau, we interpret populism as a performative political act, predicated on drawing logics of equivalence (and difference) between different actors. We use this theoretical framing to explore the ways in which the recent upsurge in right‐wing populism creates a specific set of barriers and challenges for access to healthcare and the health of populations.
Decline ofEulia ministrana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in polluted habitats is not accompanied by phenotypic stress responses
Authors: Zverev Vitali , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental pollution is currently identified as one of the major drivers of rapid decline of insect populations, and this finding has revitalized interest in insect responses to pollution. We tested the hypothesis that the pollution‐induced decline of insect populations can be predicted from phenotypic stress responses expressed as morphological differences between populations inhabiting polluted and unpolluted sites. We explored populations of the brassy tortrixEulia ministranain subarctic forests along an environmental disturbance gradient created by long‐lasting severe impacts of aerial emissions of the copper–nickel smelter in Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia. We used pheromone traps to measure the population densities of this leafrolling moth and to collect specimens for assessment of three morphological stress indices: size, forewing melanization, and fluctuating asymmetry in wing venation. Wing length ofE. ministranaincreased by 10%, and neither forewing melanization nor fluctuating asymmetry changed from the unpolluted forest to the heavily polluted industrial barren. However, the population density ofE. ministranadecreased 5 to 10 fold in the same pollution gradient. Thus, none of the studied potential morphological stress indicators signaled vulnerability ofE. ministranato environmental pollution and/or to pollution‐induced environmental disturbance. We conclude that insect populations can decline without any visible signs of stress. The use of morphological proxies of insect fitness to predict the consequences of human impact on insect populations is therefore risky until causal relationships between these proxies and insect abundance are deciphered.
A new Illumina MiSeq high‐throughput sequencing‐based method for evaluating the composition of the Bacteroides community in the intestine using the rpsD gene sequence
Authors: Wang Chen , Feng Saisai , Xiao Yue , Pan Mingluo , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBacteroides is a bacterial genus that is known to closely interact with the host. The potential role of this genus is associated with its ecological status and distribution in the intestine. However, the current 16S V3–V4 region sequencing method can only detect the abundance of this genus, revealing a need for a novel sequencing method that can elucidate the composition of Bacteroides in the human gut microbiota. In this study, a core gene, rpsD, was selected as a template for the design of a Bacteroides‐specific primer set. We used this primer set to develop a novel assay based on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform that enabled an accurate assessment of the Bacteroides compositions in complex samples. Known amounts of genomic DNA from 10 Bacteroides species were mixed with a complex sample and used to evaluate the performance and detection limit of our assay. The results were highly consistent with those of direct sequencing with a low Bacteroides DNA detection threshold (0.01 ng), supporting the reliability of our assay. In addition, the assay could detect all the known Bacteroides species within the faecal sample. In summary, we provide a sensitive and specific approach to determining the Bacteroides species in complex samples.
La protein contributes to cells proliferation and migration and serves as a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pan Jiaqian , Tong Shuangmei , Kong Lingjun , Zhu Jialei , Tang Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimLa protein is a multifunctional RNA‐binding protein involved in RNA metabolism that has been reported to promote the growth of some solid tumors. However, potential role of La in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the expression of La and its function in HCC.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis were conducted to detect the expression levels of La mRNA and protein in HCC cells and tissues. The proliferation capability of cells was clarified by Cell Counting Kit‐8 and clone formation assays. Wound healing assay was carried out to assess cell migration ability. Related protein expressions were also analyzed by western blot.ResultsAnalysis of our clinical samples showed that La mRNA and protein expression of HCC tissues was higher than those of corresponding adjacent tissues, consistent with the result of microarray datasets from Oncomine database. La was also significantly overexpressed in eight HCC cells, compared with normal hepatocytes. According to in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that knockdown of La inhibited HCC cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionsOur results revealed that La expression is elevated both at the RNA and protein levels in HCC. Highly expressed La significantly promotes tumorigenesis of HCC, suggesting that La may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes of emergency repeat caesarean deliveries due to early‐term spontaneous labour onset
Authors: Nitahara Kenta , Fujita Yasuyuki , Magarifuchi Naomi , Taniguchi Shuichi , Shimamoto Tomihiro 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe optimal timing of elective repeat caesarean delivery has yet to be determined. One of the reasons to schedule an elective repeat caesarean delivery before 39 weeks gestation is to avoid emergency caesarean delivery due to spontaneous onset of labour.AimsBy ascertaining maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes associated with early‐term onset of spontaneous labour, we aim to determine the optimal timing for each individual repeat caesarean delivery.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of women with repeat caesarean deliveries planned at 38 weeks gestation between 2005 and 2019 at a tertiary referral hospital in Japan. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify independent contributing factors for early‐term spontaneous labour onset. We also compared the rate of neonatal adverse events between women who underwent emergency repeat caesarean deliveries due to the onset of early‐term labour and the ones who underwent elective repeat caesarean deliveries at 38 weeks.ResultsWe included 1152 women. History of vaginal deliveries (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.12; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.21–3.74), history of preterm deliveries (AOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.38–3.77), and inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy (AOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.15–2.75) significantly increased the risk of early‐term spontaneous labour onset. In terms of occurrence rate of neonatal complications, we found no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionThese maternal factors are significant predictors for early‐term labour onset of repeat caesarean deliveries. The onset of early‐term labour did not increase the likelihood of neonatal complications.