bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S82. REINFORCEMENT LEARNING IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY-STAGE PSYCHOTIC BIPOLAR DISORDER
Authors: Kwun Nam Chan Joe , Chung Man Ng Mary , Fei Wong Cheuk , Fung Wo Sui , Sau Man Wong Corine , Ming Hui Lai , Wa Chan Kit , Ming Lee Ho , Nam Suen Yi , Chen Eric , Chung Chang Wing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Abnormal reward sensitivity is a biosignature to mood disorders spectrum. Recent data suggested either elevated or preserved positive but impaired negative reinforcement learning in patients with bipolar disorder. Functional MRI studies provided extra evidence on heightened reward sensitivity in manic patients. Of note, these investigations mostly rest on chronically ill samples, conditions of whom may have been confounded by prolonged exposure to medications. This study aims to examine reinforcement learning performance and its relationship with symptomology in patients with early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder (BDP).

Methods
This study is based on 38 patients with early-stage BDP (defined by having received psychiatric treatment for first-episode BDP within 3 years since service entry) who have been euthymic for at least eight weeks and 40 demographically-matched controls. Reinforcement learning performance was evaluated using Gain-vs-Loss-Avoidance Task (GLAT), which measured the correct responses in both gain and loss-avoidance pairs with reinforcement probability at either 90% or 80% across four blocks in the training phase and one block in the test/transfer phase. Comparison analyses on reinforcement learning performance were conducted on two groups. Associations of reinforcement learning measures with symptom scores, cognitive functions and functioning measures were also tested.

Results
There was no group difference in gender, age or education level. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant main effects of group (F=6.52, p=0.013), block (F=43.71, p&lt;0.001), probability (F= 5.58, p&lt;0.001), and block x group (F=2.87, p=0.040) interaction. Post-hoc tests revealed that controls performed better than patients across blocks (p&lt;0.05). Patients also showed a lower lose-shift rate (t= 2.21, p=0.03) and punishment-driven learning accuracy rates (t=2.42, p=0.018) than controls. Marginally significant main effect of stimulus pair (F=3.98, p=0.05) was revealed in the test phase, with controls showing a significantly higher preference in Frequent Winner vs Frequent Loser (FWFL) pair than patients (t=-2.25, p=0.028). No significant correlations between learning measures and any of the symptom dimensions in patient sample.

Discussion
Our preliminary findings provided a brief evidence on the negative reinforcement learning impairment in early-stage BDP patients. Further investigation is required to verify and confirm our results of impaired negative reinforcement learning in the initial course of bipolar disorder.
S214. HEART RATE VARIABILITY PREDICTS CLOZAPINE PLASMA LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN A POLYPHARMACY CONDITION
Authors: Mi Park Su , Yeon Jung Hee , Hoon Jeong Seong , Won Chung In , Hoon Yi Sang , Sik Kim Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Clozapine (CLZ) is most specific suitable treatment of refractory schizophrenia; however, it might lead a variety of adverse reactions that cause drug non-compliance. Although it is necessary to conduct therapeutic drug monitoring through measuring psychoactive drug plasma concentration measurement, it has limitation in that it takes several days and it is invasive. Previous studies have suggested that the heart rate variability (HRV) might serves as non-invasive and fast marker to monitoring pharmacodynamic intra-individual effects of the drug. This study aimed to investigate whether and which HRV parameters predict CLZ plasma concentration in natural clinical and polypharmacy conditions.

Methods
Total 85 patients (Male = 49 and Female = 36; Mean age = 35.95±9.45 years old; Mean CLZ intake = 6.21±4.86 years old) with schizophrenia who had received clozapine without the change of clozapine dosage at least 7 days before blood sampling for TDM and electrocardiogram (ECG) measuring participated in this study. ECG data were collected during resting-state. Linear and nonlinear HRV analysis were ran.

Results
Based on significant results from correlational analysis with the CLZ plasma level, univerate generalized linear regression model (GLM) with gamma distribution were conducted with adjusting the effect of age and sex. As results, for linear parameters of HRV, pNN5, pNN10, and VLF were inversely associated with the CLZ plasma level (Ps&lt;0.05). For nonlinear HRV, DFA2 and crossover were positively and CSE30 were inversely associated with the CLZ concentration (Ps&lt;0.05). After that, step-wise multiple GLM was conducted and the result yield that pNN5 and crossover are best predictors of CLZ plasma level (β=-0.01, t=-3.85, P&lt;0.001 and β=0.50, t=5.02, P&lt;0.001, respectively). The final model with pNN5 and predicted 35.78% of CLZ concentration. Among dependent variables in this model, crossover were positively correlated with CLZ dose (r=0.48, P&lt;0.001).

Discussion
HRV, especially for crossover, could be a candidate of a surrogate marker of CLZ concentration for drug-monitoring in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in a polypharmacy condition. Findings of this study would helpful to make a clinical decision of CLZ dosage adjustment on site without the delay.
S215. FRONTO-TEMPORAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSES TREATED WITH ARIPIPRAZOLE: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: Peitl Vjekoslav , Silić Ante , Ostojić Draženka , Aukst Margetić Branka , Markoš Ines Šiško , Bogović Dijaković Anamarija , Rendulić Ana , Karlović Dalibor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cognitive dysfunctions have long been observed in patients with schizophrenia, while cognitive symptoms are receiving a lot of attention due to the fact they can be considered core symptoms of schizophrenia. Cerebral blood flow has been by some researchers associated with cognitive functioning, or at least some aspects of cognitive functions. Because of its distinctive psychopharmacologic properties, aripiprazole is deemed a substantially different antipsychotic compared to the majority of the available compounds. It has been hypothesised that due to this fact it could have beneficial effects especially on cognition in schizophrenia. In line with that thought, the objective of this study was to investigate whether use of an atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole has beneficial effects on cerebral blood flow and cognitive functioning in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia during a three month treatment.

Methods
Forty patients were included in the ongoing study. At baseline and at three month follow up schizophrenia symptomatology was assessed by PANSS, cognitive functions by 5-KOG screening instrument for cognition in psychiatry, while cerebral blood flow was assessed by 99mTc-D,L-hexamethylene-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) using a SPECT technique.

Results
After three months of treatment, we observed a significant improvement of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive functions, measured by PANSS and 5-KOG, with all of the five subscales of the latter and its total score being significantly higher than at baseline (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, cerebral blood-flow measured by SPECT improved at three months follow up compared to baseline.

Discussion
Use of aripiprazole in first episode patients with schizophrenia is associated with increased fronto-temporal cerebral blood flow and improvement of schizophrenia symptomatology, including cognition indices. Although we cannot confirm it directly, it is possible that improved fronto-temporal cerebral blood flow led to the improvement in cognition indices.
S222. A SYSTEMATIC AND METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW OF RECENT SOCIAL FUNCTIONING MEASURES AND APPROACHES
Authors: Long Maria , Stansfeld Jacki , Davies Nathan , Crellin Nadia , Moncrieff Joanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Many people with a psychosis diagnosis have significant impairments in their social functioning. Despite this, long standing lack of consensus exists in the definition of social functioning in psychosis. Efforts to evaluate interventions for social functioning are hampered by measurement difficulties, and comparing interventions is difficult. Popular measures of social functioning vary widely, both conceptually and methodologically, and it is unclear how meaningful they are for service users. With the increasing development and evaluation of social interventions for psychosis and the boom in the development of measures, this paper reviews the recently developed measures of social functioning. It aggregates how often and in which studies measures have been used, the concepts and theories that underlie them, as well as assessing their quality across a number of indicators, with a particular focus on how patient-centred they are.

Methods
Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Results
21 new measures of social functioning were identified, of low to moderate quality. The content, definitions, theories and domains will be discussed, as well as a discussion of changes in the construct over time. Discussion will include the development of measures for use in first episode psychosis, measures with a focus on negative symptoms and the increasing use of technology in the assessment of social functioning.

Discussion
Many measures exist for assessing social functioning in psychosis, of variable quality. Further attention should be directed to psychometric evaluation and ensuring service user involvement in development.
S232. ASSOCIATIONS OF FOOD CRAVING WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Kim Yeonghyeok , Ryu Seunghyong , Lee Ju-Yeon , Chung Young-Chul , Kim Sung-Wan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity in patients with schizophrenia have important effects on metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, mortality, quality of life and treatment compliance. There is a growing interest in recognizing and intervening this problem. In this study, we aimed to explore the associations of food craving and eating pattern on weight gain and psychiatric characteristics in patients with first-episode psychosis.

Methods
We analyzed data from clinical cohort of first-episode psychosis. To exclude compounding effects of antipsychotics, we included patients who took one of amisulpride, paliperidone, and aripiprazole and whose duration of treatment was 3 months or less. The degree of food craving was measured by General Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T). Psychiatric characteristics were investigated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Weight was measured at baseline and 3 months. Associations between the G-FCQ-T and other measures including weight gain for 3 months were analyzed by gender.

Results
A total of 180 patients with first-episode psychosis were enrolled in this analysis. In male patients, the G-FCQ-T score was significantly associated with scores on the YBOCS and SES. In female patients, the G-FCQ-T score was significantly associated with the BDI, PSS, baseline body weight and weight gain for 3 months

Discussion
This study demonstrated the associations of food craving with depression, perceived stress, and weight gain in female patients and with obsessive compulsive symptoms and self-esteem in male patients. These results suggest various moderators impact weight gain and food craving in patients with first-episode psychosis.
S237. MODERATORS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF COGNITION AND SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Tan Eric , Rossell Susan , Lee Stuart 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The relationship between cognitive impairments and subjective quality of life (sQOL) in schizophrenia remains indeterminate, relative to studies of objective QOL (oQOL), despite much previous work. This study sought to better characterise the cognition-sQOL relationship in schizophrenia by 1) examining associations between factor analysis-derived cognitive domains and sQOL, 2) investigating if these domains predicted sQOL over other demographic and clinical variables, and 3) exploring if clinical, demographic and functional variables moderated the significant relationships.

Methods
47 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients (age: M=43.72, SD=11.35) and 48 healthy controls (age: M=39.82, SD=13.89) were assessed. QOL was measured using the Lehman’s QOL Interview. Composite scores were created to represent oQOL and sQOL, and factor analysis (principal axis factoring with varimax rotation) assessed for latent domains within 14 cognitive tasks. Symptomatology was assessed using the PANSS and MADRS. Pearson’s correlations and a stepwise linear regression were conducted to examine the associations between cognition and sQOL before the moderation analyses.

Results
Three cognitive domains were derived: visuospatial planning, verbal linguistic and inhibition switching. Only tasks comprising the verbal linguistic cognitive domain were significantly associated with, and predicted, sQOL (p&lt;.05). Moderation analyses revealed that the direction of this relationship differed between patients and healthy controls (p&lt;.05), and was moderated in patients only by positive symptom severity (p&lt;.05).

Discussion
The relationship between cognition and sQOL in schizophrenia is determined by, and more associated with, meaning-based cognitions. It is affected by symptomatology, notably positive symptoms, which lead to worsening sQOL among those with more intact verbal linguistic processing.
S244. RELIABILITY OF CORE SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS RATINGS USING THE SIX-ITEM POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE (PANSS-6) PERFORMED BY MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Hansen Johanna , Dines David , Opler Mark , Mors Ole , Østergaard Søren D , Kølbæk Pernille 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Assessing and monitoring the severity of illness is an essential component of the measurement-based treatment of schizophrenia. The six-item Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6) is a psychometrically valid scale, which allows for a brief and valid assessment of the severity of core symptoms of schizophrenia via the Simplified positive And Negative Symptoms interview (SNAPSI). The use of the PANSS-6 in a clinical setting requires raters to obtain reliable and valid ratings. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of training needed for raters with no or very little clinical experience to perform reliable PANSS-6 ratings.

Methods
A total of 89 5th year medical students, divided in 4 groups, which were enrolled in a 4-week mandatory internship in the psychiatric unit of Aarhus University Hospital were invited to participate in the training program. Out of 89 students 58% (n=52) participated.
The training program contained 9 hours of standardized training. All participants performed a baseline rating of a SNAPSI patient interview before the display of a theoretical introduction video to SNAPSI and the principles of PANSS-6 rating. Following the theoretical introduction, the students individually rated another 5 SNAPSI patient videos. After each SNAPSI video, an expert consensus-video was displayed. The order of the SNAPSI and corresponding consensus videos was randomized between the 4 different groups of students.
The PANSS-6 ratings performed by the students were compared to gold standard ratings performed by a certified PANSS-rater and psychiatrist at different time-points during the training. Agreements were calculated by using percent agreement.

Results
The percent agreement between the students and the gold standard on the PANSS-6 total score improved from time 1 (baseline) to time 4 (after the theoretical introduction video and 3 SNAPSIs) from 88% to 100%.

Discussion
In conclusion, medical students with very limited clinical experience were able to perform reliable PANSS-6 ratings of SNAPSI patient interviews after participating in a brief standardized training program. Future studies should assess whether raters with very limited clinical experience are able to conduct the SNAPSI and extract sufficient information for PANSS-6 rating. This would render the possibility of using medical students as PANSS-6 raters in clinical practice to remedy the shortage of psychiatrists and to allow for measurement-based care, which requires systematic administration of symptom rating scales to drive clinical decision making.
Russian Family Foundations: benefits and pitfalls for international clients with Russian connections
Authors: Alimirzoev Sergei , Aleshchev Ilya , Romanova Daria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since 2018, Russian law has provided for the concept of a “Hereditary Foundation”, a private foundation which can be established after the demise of the testator and which can act in a way similar to a common-law trust. It is an option for complex estate planning under Russian law. It has attracted both interest and controversy, with many concerned that the gray area, lacunae, and inconsistencies in the legislation may prevent its effective implementation. The authors analyze the practical challenges in this area and consider whether and how this vehicle fares in competition with the non-Russian structures traditionally used by Russian private clients for estate and succession planning.
Effects of space allowance and marketing strategy on growth performance of pigs raised to 165 kg
Authors: Lerner Annie B , Rice Emily A , Tokach Mike D , DeRouchey Joel M , Dritz Steve S , Goodband Robert D , Woodworth Jason C , O’Quinn Travis G , Gonzalez John M , Allerson Matt W , Dilger Anna C , Boler Dustin D , Price Hannah E , Lowell Jessica E , Richardson Elaine , Barkley Kayla E , Honegger Lauren T , Harsh Bailey N , Shackelford Steven D , Wheeler Tommy L , King David A , Fields Brandon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A total of 976 pigs (PIC 327 × Camborough; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; initially 22.0 ± 1.53 kg body weight [BW]) were used in a 160-d growth study to evaluate the effects of increasing space allowance and varying marketing strategies on growth performance of pigs raised to market weights of ~165 kg. Pens of pigs were blocked by location within the barn and allotted to one of six treatments. Pen served as the experimental unit, and there were eight replicate pens per treatment. The first four treatments consisted of increased initial stocking density and did not utilize topping strategies: (1) 14 pigs/pen (1.17 m2/pig), (2) 17 pigs/pen (0.97 m2/pig), (3) 20 pigs/pen (0.82 m2/pig), and (4) 23 pigs/pen (0.71 m2/pig). The fifth treatment began with 25 pigs/pen (0.66 m2/pig) and had four marketing events with the heaviest 3 pigs/pen removed on day 93, and additional pigs removed to a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen on day 122 and 17 pigs/pen on day 147 with final marketing on day 160. The final treatment began the experiment with 23 pigs/pen (0.71 m2/pig) with three marketing events to achieve a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen on day 108 and 17 pigs/pen on day 147. Pens of pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured on days 0, 55, 93, 108, 122, 135, 147, and 160. As space allowance decreased from 1.17 to 0.71 m2/pig via increased initial pen inventory (treatments 1 to 4), overall average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.001), while gain:feed ratio (G:F) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05). The treatments with multiple marketing events were compared with each other and with the treatment that began with 0.71 m2/pig and only marketed once at the end of the study. Overall ADG and ADFI were not different (P &gt; 0.05) among these three treatments. Marketing pigs three or four times improved (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared with the treatment that began the study with 0.71 m2/pig and marketed only once. Reducing floor space allowance for heavy weight pigs decreased intake, which resulted in lower growth rate and final BW, with these reductions occurring before the critical k-value was reached. Total weight gain per pen was maximized with the lowest space allowance and the multiple marketing treatments. Thus, strategic use of pig removals prior to final marketing may allow producers to maximize both number of pigs and total weight marketed through a barn when feeding to heavy weights.
Individual vocal recognition across taxa: a review of the literature and a look into the future
Authors: Carlson Nora V. , Kelly E. McKenna , Couzin Iain 
Published: May 2020

Individual vocal recognition (IVR) has been well studied in mammals and birds. These studies have primarily delved into understanding IVR in specific limited contexts (e.g. parent–offspring and mate recognition) where individuals discriminate one individual from all others. However, little research has examined IVR in more socially demanding circumstances, such as when an individual discriminates all individuals in their social or familial group apart. In this review, we describe what IVR is and suggest splitting studies of IVR into two general types based on what questions they answer (IVR-singular, and IVR-multiple). We explain how we currently test for IVR, and many of the benefits and drawbacks of different methods. We address why IVR is so prevalent in the animal kingdom, and the circumstances in which it is often found. Finally, we explain current weaknesses in IVR research including temporality, specificity, and taxonomic bias, and testing paradigms, and provide some solutions to address these weaknesses.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
Hymenobacter setariae sp. nov., isolated from the ubiquitous weedy grass Setaria viridis
Authors: Chhetri Geeta , Kim Jiyoun , Kim Inhyup , Kim Hyungdong , Seo Taegun 
Published: May 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, short-rod, aerobic, non-motile, red to pink-pigmented bacterium, designated Fur1T, was isolated from the dry spikelet clusters of a plant called Setaria viridis near Dongguk University. Phylogenetic analysis conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Fur1T belonged to the genus

Hymenobacter

of the family

Hymenobacteraceae

. The 16S rRNA gene of Fur1T showed highest sequence similarity to those of

Hymenobacter metalli

KACC 17381T (97.5 %) and

Hymenobacter marinus

KACC 19042T (97.1 %). Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C), up to 1.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.5). The major fatty acids of strain Fur1T were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1
ω5c, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1B and/or iso-C17 : 1I) as the major cellular fatty acids. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content based on the draft genome sequence was 58.7 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Fur1T and its closest relative was below 70 %. Characterization based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain Fur1T represents a novel species of the genus

Hymenobacter

, for which the name Hymenobacter setariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Fur1T (=KACC 19903T=NBRC=113691T).