bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quinolone Susceptibility in Salmonella Isolates Based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Determination
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Pal Kritika , Bhagat Alisha , Goel Anku , Chander Jagdish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi, is a generalized infection with case fatality of about 10%. The symptoms may be severe, with life threatening sequelae of infection in a proportion of cases. Antimicrobial agents are the mainstay of therapy in enteric fever so as to prevent the complications associated with severe illness and mortality in the patients. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciproﬂoxacin) are very effective against completely susceptible Salmonella bacteria. However, their efﬁcacy is doubtful once any resistance is detected. Peﬂoxacin testing has ultimately helped in the accurate identiﬁcation of quinolone susceptibility for a better therapeutic success rate. In the present study we have tried to evaluate the quinolone susceptibility in Salmonella isolates based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination.
Materials and Methods The method used in the study is quinolone susceptibility in Salmonella isolates based on MIC determination. Salmonella isolates show intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin using disk diffusion. Both ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin MIC evaluation has been done to corroborate the results with pefloxacin disk diffusion testing.
Results There was a positive correlation between the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin. However, the isolates with intermediate susceptibility had variations in terms of susceptibility to pefloxacin. MIC values for pefloxacin and our findings suggested that pefloxacin susceptible on disk diffusion as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines showed lower values for MIC using Pefloxacin HICOMB test and pefloxacin resistant isolates showed higher MIC values.
Diagnosis-Related Group Weight and Derived Case Mix Index to Assess the Complexity among Twins
Authors: Joya Rikizam M. , Cottrell Lesley , Kiefer Autumn , Polak Mark J. 
Published: December 2020

Objective Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) are used to summarize hospital morbidity and mortality. Each DRG has a weight which is important in calculating the case mix index (CMI), a numeric summary of disease complexity in a population of patients. We utilized DRG weight and resultant CMI to compare postnatal outcomes among singletons versus monochorionic and monoamniotic, monochorionic diamniotic, and dichorionic diamniotic twins.
Study Design This single-center and retrospective cohort study evaluated DRGs assigned by the investigators, birth weight, gestational age, length of stay (LOS), NICU admission rate, and mortality in twin births between 2014 and 2016. Twins were analyzed depending on chorionicity and amnionicity. Overall, 3 months of singleton births served as the control. The CMI derived from DRG weights were compared across groups.
Results Twins (n = 288) had lower gestational ages and birth weights and higher mortality, LOS, NICU admission rates and DRG weights/CMI compared with singletons (n = 327; p < 0.001 for each). The LOS was no different between twin subtypes; monochorionic monoamniotic twins had the highest mortality and DRG weight (p < 0.001).
Conclusion DRG weight and CMI values summarize in-hospital complexity and can be a useful tool to evaluate differences in care complexity among groups of patients.
Key Points
Thermoelectric refrigerator based on asymmetric surfaces of a magnetic topological insulator
Authors: Chiba Takahiro , Komine Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Thermoelectric (TE) refrigeration such as Peltier cooler enables a unique opportunity in electric energy to directly convert thermal energy. Here, we propose a TE module with both refrigeration and power generation modes by utilizing asymmetric surfaces of a magnetic topological insulator (quantum anomalous Hall insulator) with a periodic array of hollows filled with two different dielectrics. Based on the Boltzmann transport theory, we show that its efficiency, i.e., the dimensionless figure of merit ZT exceeds 1 in the low-temperature regime below 300 K. The proposed device could be utilized as a heat management device that requires precise temperature control in small-scale cooling.
Realization of electrolyte interface effect on Bi2Te3 implanted flake-like ZnO thin films for understanding the highly stable PEC water splitting under simulated solar light and visible light
Authors: Sreedhar Adem , Noh Jin-Seo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to rationally design the novel Bi2Te3 implanted ZnO (Bi2Te3@ZnO) thin films using simultaneous RF and DC magnetron sputtering technique. Herein, we explored the electrolyte interface effect (0.1 M of KOH, KCl, Na2SO3 and Na2SO4) on ZnO and Bi2Te3@ZnO towards highly stable PEC water splitting activity for the first time. Specifically, morphological evolution and electrolyte ion diffusion properties play a crucial role in realizing the prolonged charge carrier lifetime. Moreover, Bi2Te3@ZnO is highlighted with unique nanocone-shaped morphology compared to flake-like ZnO. Also, constructive interfacial interaction was observed between Bi2Te3 and ZnO. As a result, Bi2Te3@ZnO demonstrated superior and highly stable photocurrents in the KOH electrolyte compared to KCl, Na2SO3 and Na2SO4 electrolytes. Precisely, Bi2Te3@ZnO triumphed highly stable photocurrents about 7.93 × 10–4 A cm−2 compared to ZnO (6.02 × 10–4) at +0.4 V under solar light in KOH electrolyte. Accordingly, Bi2Te3@ZnO achieved remarkable photoconversion efficiency (η) about 0.65 %, which is enabled by the strengthened intimate interaction between Bi2Te3 and ZnO. Furthermore, we compared the PEC activity under visible light (UV cut-off solar light). These results highlighted that the photoconversion efficiency difference between Bi2Te3@ZnO and ZnO (about 4 times) under visible light is relatively higher than solar light (1.3 times) in KOH. Thus, we proposed different charge carrier generation mechanisms of Bi2Te3@ZnO under solar and visible light. Therefore, intimate interfacial interaction, surface modification, ion diffusion and photoelectrode-electrolyte interaction are key parameters to enhance the PEC activity. Overall, rational design of the transition metal oxide/thermoelectric material interface using Bi2Te3@ZnO composite paves a new path towards highly stable photoanode during PEC water splitting activity in the KOH electrolyte environment.
ADeditome provides the genomic landscape of A-to-I RNA editing in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wu Sijia , Yang Mengyuan , Kim Pora , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA-to-I RNA editing, contributing to nearly 90% of all editing events in human, has been reported to involve in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to its roles in brain development and immune regulation, such as the deficient editing of GluA2 Q/R related to cell death and memory loss. Currently, there are urgent needs for the systematic annotations of A-to-I RNA editing events in AD. Here, we built ADeditome, the annotation database of A-to-I RNA editing in AD available at https://ccsm.uth.edu/ADeditome, aiming to provide a resource and reference for functional annotation of A-to-I RNA editing in AD to identify therapeutically targetable genes in an individual. We detected 1676 363 editing sites in 1524 samples across nine brain regions from ROSMAP, MayoRNAseq and MSBB. For these editing events, we performed multiple functional annotations including identification of specific and disease stage associated editing events and the influence of editing events on gene expression, protein recoding, alternative splicing and miRNA regulation for all the genes, especially for AD-related genes in order to explore the pathology of AD. Combing all the analysis results, we found 108 010 and 26 168 editing events which may promote or inhibit AD progression, respectively. We also found 5582 brain region-specific editing events with potentially dual roles in AD across different brain regions. ADeditome will be a unique resource for AD and drug research communities to identify therapeutically targetable editing events.Significance: ADeditome is the first comprehensive resource of the functional genomics of individual A-to-I RNA editing events in AD, which will be useful for many researchers in the fields of AD pathology, precision medicine, and therapeutic researches.
Locating transcription factor binding sites by fully convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Qinhu , Wang Siguo , Chen Zhanheng , He Ying , Liu Qi , Huang De-Shuang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating gene expression, thus identification of the regions bound by them has become a fundamental step for molecular and cellular biology. In recent years, an increasing number of deep learning (DL) based methods have been proposed for predicting TF binding sites (TFBSs) and achieved impressive prediction performance. However, these methods mainly focus on predicting the sequence specificity of TF-DNA binding, which is equivalent to a sequence-level binary classification task, and fail to identify motifs and TFBSs accurately. In this paper, we developed a fully convolutional network coupled with global average pooling (FCNA), which by contrast is equivalent to a nucleotide-level binary classification task, to roughly locate TFBSs and accurately identify motifs. Experimental results on human ChIP-seq datasets show that FCNA outperforms other competing methods significantly. Besides, we find that the regions located by FCNA can be used by motif discovery tools to further refine the prediction performance. Furthermore, we observe that FCNA can accurately identify TF-DNA binding motifs across different cell lines and infer indirect TF-DNA bindings.
Comparison of methods for estimating genetic correlation between complex traits using GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Zhang Yiliang , Cheng Youshu , Jiang Wei , Ye Yixuan , Lu Qiongshi , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Genetic correlation is the correlation of phenotypic effects by genetic variants across the genome on two phenotypes. It is an informative metric to quantify the overall genetic similarity between complex traits, which provides insights into their polygenic genetic architecture. Several methods have been proposed to estimate genetic correlation based on data collected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Due to the easy access of GWAS summary statistics and computational efficiency, methods only requiring GWAS summary statistics as input have become more popular than methods utilizing individual-level genotype data. Here, we present a benchmark study for different summary-statistics-based genetic correlation estimation methods through simulation and real data applications. We focus on two major technical challenges in estimating genetic correlation: marker dependency caused by linkage disequilibrium (LD) and sample overlap between different studies. To assess the performance of different methods in the presence of these two challenges, we first conducted comprehensive simulations with diverse LD patterns and sample overlaps. Then we applied these methods to real GWAS summary statistics for a wide spectrum of complex traits. Based on these experiments, we conclude that methods relying on accurate LD estimation are less robust in real data applications due to the imprecision of LD obtained from reference panels. Our findings offer guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for genetic correlation estimation in post-GWAS analysis.
Longer antibiotic durations for treating peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: helpful or harmful?
Authors: Htay Htay , Cho Yeoungjee , Johnson David W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Relapsing, recurrent or repeat peritonitis is a devastating complication for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is usually associated with poor outcomes including prolonged hospitalization, catheter removal, hemodialysis transfer and even death. Despite its critical importance and frequent occurrence, there is limited available evidence to facilitate evidence-informed treatment of PD peritonitis. This editorial comments on the findings and limitations of a randomized controlled study published in this journal, which reported that extending antibiotic treatment duration for an additional week beyond that recommended by the International Society for PD did not reduce the risk of relapsing, recurrent or repeat peritonitis, and may have increased the risk of repeat peritonitis. These results are explored in the context of the existing literature and recommendations for practice and research are provided.
Purulent pericarditis-induced intracardiac perforation and infective endocarditis due to Parvimonas micra: a case report
Authors: Morinaga Hiroaki , Kato Ken , Hisagi Motoyuki , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Purulent pericarditis, a rare disease with a high associated mortality rate in patients without adequate treatment, can cause serious complications, such as perforation of the surrounding tissue and organs. Parvimonas micra is a very rare cause of purulent pericarditis.

Case summary
A 70-year-old male patient presented to our emergency room with chest pain of 10 days’ duration. An electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation and PR-segment depression on multiple leads. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function and a large amount of pericardial effusion. Acute pericarditis was diagnosed, and anti-inflammatory drug therapy was initiated. Due to the lack of improvement in the symptoms, pericardiocentesis was performed on Day 8 and revealed about 800 cc of the bloody fluid. Parvimonas micra was detected in a culture of the pericardial effusion and blood. Although intravenous antibiotic therapy was initiated for purulent pericarditis, his fever persisted. Computed tomography of the chest performed on Day 14 showed an abscess cavity in the pericardial space around the right atrium (RA). Furthermore, transoesophageal echocardiography revealed vegetation in the RA. Emergency surgery confirmed the presence of vegetation and minor perforation of the RA with communication to the abscess cavity. After surgical therapy, the patient clinically improved and was discharged on Day 51.

Discussion
In cases of acute pericarditis, purulent pericarditis should be considered if clinical improvement is not observed after initial treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs. Once the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis is made, aggressive source control is necessary for improved clinical outcomes.
Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside: a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor identified from natural anthocyanins
Authors: Xie Jiahong , Cui Haoxin , Xu Yang , Xie Lianghua , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of 18 monomeric anthocyanins from berry fruits and roselle, and to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the most active anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside.

Materials and Methods
Eighteen monomeric anthocyanins were prepared and purified in our laboratory. The inhibitory properties of anthocyanins were investigated by in vitro inhibitory activity studies and fluorescence quenching studies; the inhibitory mechanism was explored through kinetic studies, fluorescence quenching studies, circular dichroism analysis and computational docking simulations.

Results
XO inhibitory activities of anthocyanins were related to the structures of B rings and glycosides. Among all the tested anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside showed the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 17.1 μM, which was comparable to the positive control allopurinol. Spectroscopic results revealed that delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside could spontaneously interact with XO and induce conformational changes. Computational docking study indicated that delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside could bind to XO with a proper orientation, stably formed π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds with key residues, thus preventing the substrate from entering the active pocket.

Conclusions
In brief, our study identified delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside as a potent XO inhibitor from natural anthocyanins, which is potentially applicable for prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia.
Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer: A Review for Breast Radiologists
Authors: Johnson Karen S , Conant Emily F , Soo Mary Scott 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gene expression profiling has reshaped our understanding of breast cancer by identifying four molecular subtypes: (1) luminal A, (2) luminal B, (3) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and (4) basal-like, which have critical differences in incidence, response to treatment, disease progression, survival, and imaging features. Luminal tumors are most common (60%–70%), characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Luminal A tumors have the best prognosis of all subtypes, whereas patients with luminal B tumors have significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival. Distinguishing between these tumors is important because luminal B tumors require more aggressive treatment. Both commonly present as irregular masses without associated calcifications at mammography; however, luminal B tumors more commonly demonstrate axillary involvement at diagnosis. HER2-enriched tumors are characterized by overexpression of the HER2 oncogene and low-to-absent ER expression. HER2+ disease carries a poor prognosis, but the development of anti-HER2 therapies has greatly improved outcomes for women with HER2+ breast cancer. HER2+ tumors most commonly present as spiculated masses with pleomorphic calcifications or as calcifications alone. Basal-like cancers (15% of all invasive breast cancers) predominate among “triple negative” cancers, which lack ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression. Basal-like cancers are frequently high-grade, large at diagnosis, with high rates of recurrence. Although imaging commonly reveals irregular masses with ill-defined or spiculated margins, some circumscribed basal-like tumors can be mistaken for benign lesions. Incorporating biomarker data (histologic grade, ER/PR/HER2 status, and multigene assays) into classic anatomic tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging can better inform clinical management of this heterogeneous disease.
A case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome got physicians in trouble
Authors: Badour Maysaa , Mahmoud Gaber , Hasan Ahmad , Sulaiman Walaa , Hammed Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastrovascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying SMA. Our case presents an 11-year-old female with chronic intermittent vomiting that started since she was 6 months old. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan for abdomen and pelvis guided to the correct diagnosis and the patient received the adequate treatment. Awareness of a broad range of differential diagnosis of vomiting and a high degree of suspicion of SMA syndrome is fundamental in order to direct the proper diagnostic investigation. Duodenojejunostomy provides the best results in severe cases.
Mucormycosis in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients and in Patients With Hematological Malignancies in the Era of New Antifungal Agents
Authors: Miller Matthew A , Molina Kyle C , Gutman Jonathan A , Scherger Sias , Lum Jessica M , Mossad Sherif B , Burgess Mary , Cheng Matthew P , Chuang Sally T , Jacobs Samantha E , Melendez Dante P , Shah Dimpy P , Zimmer Andrea , Sohail M Rizwan , Syed Sadia , Walker Randall C , Poeschla Eric M , Abidi Maheen Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The survival benefit of combination antifungal therapy for invasive mucormycosis (IM) in patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is not well defined.

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective study included HM and HCT recipients with proven or probable IM between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 from 10 transplant centers across North America.

Results
Sixty-four patients with proven (n = 47) or probable (n = 17) IM defined by 2008 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) consensus definitions were included. Thirty-nine (61%) were HCT recipients (95% allogeneic). Sites of infection included rhino-orbital-cerebral (33), pulmonary (30%), disseminated (19%), gastrointestinal (3%), and cutaneous (3%). Surgical debridement was performed in 66%. Initial antifungal treatment consisted of the following: lipid formulation of amphotericin B (AmB) alone (44%), AmB + posaconazole (25%), AmB + echinocandin (13%), AmB + isavuconazole (8%), posaconazole alone (5%), and isavuconazole alone (3%). All-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year were 38% and 66%, respectively. Initial treatment with AmB plus posaconazole or isavuconazole (n = 28) was associated with a trend toward lower treatment failure compared with AmB (n = 21) (42% vs 64%, P = .136).

Conclusions
Long-term survival with IM among HM and HCT populations remains poor. However, initial use of AmB + azole in conjunction with surgery may result in less treatment failure. More evidence from prospective controlled studies is needed to confirm this observation.
Increased Incidence of Giant Cell Arteritis After Introduction of a Live Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine
Authors: Agger William A , Deviley Jake A , Borgert Andrew J , Rasmussen Cary M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA). The introduction of a live attenuated vaccine against this virus (ZVL) might have changed the incidence of GCA.

Methods
The incidence of GCA was retrospectively measured using 2 matched cohorts seen in a regional health system located in the Midwestern United States: ZVL recipients from the years 2007 through 2015 following the introduction of the vaccine and nonrecipients from the years 2000 through 2015.

Results
In the ZVL cohort, a significant increase of GCA was associated with clinical criteria alone for the diagnosis of GCA (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70; 95% CI, 1.48–4.45; P = .004). In addition, using only pathologically confirmed GCA, the same matched cohort comparison analysis also found that ZVL recipients were at significantly higher risk than those who did not receive ZVL (HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.48–4.95; P = .001).

Conclusion
Using a matched cohort, retrospective comparison, ZVL was associated with an increased incidence of GCA.