bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cometary Comae-Surface Links
Authors: Marschall Raphael , Skorov Yuri , Zakharov Vladimir , Rezac Ladislav , Gerig Selina-Barbara , Christou Chariton , Dadzie S. Kokou , Migliorini Alessandra , Rinaldi Giovanna , Agarwal Jessica , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Kappel David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA comet is a highly dynamic object, undergoing a permanent state of change. These changes have to be carefully classified and considered according to their intrinsic temporal and spatial scales. The Rosetta mission has, through its contiguous in-situ and remote sensing coverage of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) over the time span of August 2014 to September 2016, monitored the emergence, culmination, and winding down of the gas and dust comae. This provided an unprecedented data set and has spurred a large effort to connect in-situ and remote sensing measurements to the surface. In this review, we address our current understanding of cometary activity and the challenges involved when linking comae data to the surface. We give the current state of research by describing what we know about the physical processes involved from the surface to a few tens of kilometres above it with respect to the gas and dust emission from cometary nuclei. Further, we describe how complex multidimensional cometary gas and dust models have developed from the Halley encounter of 1986 to today. This includes the study of inhomogeneous outgassing and determination of the gas and dust production rates. Additionally, the different approaches used and results obtained to link coma data to the surface will be discussed. We discuss forward and inversion models and we describe the limitations of the respective approaches. The current literature suggests that there does not seem to be a single uniform process behind cometary activity. Rather, activity seems to be the consequence of a variety of erosion processes, including the sublimation of both water ice and more volatile material, but possibly also more exotic processes such as fracture and cliff erosion under thermal and mechanical stress, sub-surface heat storage, and a complex interplay of these processes. Seasons and the nucleus shape are key factors for the distribution and temporal evolution of activity and imply that the heliocentric evolution of activity can be highly individual for every comet, and generalisations can be misleading.
Learning and dropout in contests: an experimental approach
Authors: Fallucchi Francesco , Niederreiter Jan , Riccaboni Massimo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe design an experiment to study investment behavior in different repeated contest settings, varying the uncertainty of the outcomes and the number of participants in contests. We find decreasing over-expenditures and a higher rate of ‘dropout’ in contests with high uncertainty over outcomes (winner-take-all contests), while we detect a quick convergence toward equilibrium predictions and a near to full participation when this type of uncertainty vanishes (proportional-prize contests). These results are robust to changes in the number of contestants. A learning parameter estimation using the experience-weighted attraction (EWA) model suggests that subjects adopt different learning modes across different contest structures and helps to explain expenditure patterns deviating from theoretical predictions.
Entrack: Probabilistic Spherical Regression with Entropy Regularization for Fiber Tractography
Authors: Wegmayr Viktor , Buhmann Joachim M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhite matter tractography, based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, is currently the only available in vivo method to gather information on the structural brain connectivity. The low resolution of diffusion MRI data suggests to employ probabilistic methods for streamline reconstruction, i.e., for fiber crossings. We propose a general probabilistic model for spherical regression based on the Fisher-von-Mises distribution, which efficiently estimates maximum entropy posteriors of local streamline directions with machine learning methods. The optimal precision of posteriors for streamlines is determined by an information-theoretic technique, the expected log-posterior agreement concept. It relies on the requirement that the posterior distributions of streamlines, inferred on retest measurements of the same subject, should yield stable results within the precision determined by the noise level of the data source.
Know Your Counterparts: The Importance of Wording for Stakeholder Communication in Social Franchise Enterprises
Authors: Bergfeld Arne , Plagmann Carolin , Lutz Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial enterprises pursue a dual mission: on the one hand, they strive for social purpose, while on the other, they try to achieve economic stability despite scarce resources. To achieve the dual mission, social enterprises avail themselves of both for-profit and non-profit institutional logics. Due to this combination of multiple institutional logics, such enterprises can be classified as hybrid organizations. This study focuses on these organizations and investigates tensions between social enterprises and various stakeholder groups caused by the use of commercial logics within the social sector. In particular, we examine the perception of commercial versus social welfare logics by various stakeholder groups, and investigate the effects on organizational communication. Our study is centered on social franchise enterprises. We use an exploratory qualitative research approach based on semi-structured interviews with 21 social franchisors and social franchisees of seven social franchise enterprises. Our main results suggest that the use of commercial logics in the social sector tends to decrease the legitimacy of social franchise enterprises in the eyes of internal stakeholders, the general public, and various (but not all) external stakeholder groups. Many stakeholders of social franchise enterprises show a strong aversion to commercial logics, and particularly to commercial terminology. Overall, we conclude that social franchise enterprises very consciously apply commercial and social welfare logics and use alternative terminology where necessary to retain legitimacy and prevent tensions.
Trends in Demand of Urban Surface Water Extractions and in Situ Use Functions
Authors: van der Meulen E. S. , Sutton N. B. , van de Ven F. H. M. , van Oel P. R. , Rijnaarts H. H. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScientific literature currently lacks comprehensive understanding of urban surface water use functions. This hampers sound analysis of the demand and potential supply of these functions. This study provides a comprehensive overview of potential use functions, by integrating knowledge from ecosystem services and integrated urban water management fields. Analysis of water-related management plans for Toronto and Amsterdam shows that surface water is currently being used for a variety of functions related to nutrition, energy, water regulation, recreation, symbolic use, transportation and floating buildings. Notably, many use functions involve in situ use, rather than water extractions. Interviewed water managers and spatial planners in both cities expect demand of most use functions to increase by 2040, especially demand for thermal energy extraction, recreation and transportation. Some identified novel demands, such as climate regulation and reuse of waste products from waterway maintenance. Increasing demand is mainly driven by urban growth, climate change and sustainability ambitions. This study found urban surface water uses that are usually not acknowledged in scientific literature on urban water management. This comprehensive overview supports planning, design, and maintenance of urban surface waters, laying the foundation for future research on supply and demand of urban water use functions.
Fabrication, microstructures, and optical properties of Yb:Lu2O3 laser ceramics from co-precipitated nano-powders
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Toci Guido , Pirri Angela , Patrizi Barbara , Feng Yagang , Wei Jiabei , Wu Feng , Yang Zhaoxiang , Vannini Matteo , Li Jiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Yb:Lu2O3precursor made up of spherical particles was synthesized through the co-precipitation method in the water/ethanol solvent. The 5 at% Yb:Lu2O3powder is in the cubic phase after calcination at 1100 °C for 4 h. The powder also consists of spherical nanoparticles with the average particle and grain sizes of 96 and 49 nm, respectively. The average grain size of the pre-sintered ceramic sample is 526 nm and that of the sample by hot isostatic pressing grows to 612 nm. The 1.0 mm-thick sample has an in-line transmittance of 81.6% (theoretical value of 82.2%) at 1100 nm. The largest absorption cross-section at 976 nm is 0.96×10−20cm2with the emission cross-section at 1033 nm of 0.92×10−20cm2and the gain cross sections are calculated with the smallest population inversion parameter β of 0.059. The highest slope efficiency of 68.7% with the optical efficiency of 65.1% is obtained at 1033.3 nm in quasi-continuous wave (QCW) pumping. In the case of continuous wave (CW) pumping, the highest slope efficiency is 61.0% with the optical efficiency of 54.1%. The obtained laser performance indicates that Yb:Lu2O3ceramics have excellent resistance to thermal load stresses, which shows great potential in high-power solid-state laser applications.
The Horizontal Effect of the Charter: Towards an Understanding of Horizontality as a Structural Constitutional Principle
Authors: FRANTZIOU Eleni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the main debates over the application of the Charter to disputes between private parties and assesses the ways in which the case law over the last ten years has responded to them. The article goes on to propose an alternative schema, whereby horizontality can be understood as a structural principle of EU fundamental rights adjudication on its own terms, rather than as an extension of the direct effect doctrine. It is argued that a self-standing principle of horizontality with equally valuable—yet operationally distinct—direct, indirect, and state-mediated manifestations, could respond more coherently to the conceptual, procedural, and remedial challenges displayed in the case law.
Does evolutionary relatedness predict ecological similarity?
Authors: Sclafani Judith A. , Congreve Curtis R. , Patzkowsky Mark E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA fundamental question in paleobiology is whether ecology is correlated with evolutionary history. By combining time-calibrated phylogenetic trees with genus occurrence data through time, we can understand how environmental preferences are distributed on a tree and evaluate support for models of ecological similarity. Exploring parameters that lend support to each evolutionary model will help address questions that lie at the nexus of the evolutionary and ecological sciences. We calculated ecological difference and phylogenetic distance between species pairs for 83 taxa used in recent phylogenetic revisions of the brachiopod order Strophomenida. Ecological difference was calculated as the pairwise distance along gradients of water depth, carbonate, and latitudinal affinity. Phylogenetic distance was calculated as the pairwise branch length between tips of the tree. Our results show no relationship between ecological affinity and phylogeny. Instead results suggest an ecological burst during the initial radiation of the clade. This pattern likely reflects scaling at the largest macroevolutionary and macroecological scales preserved in the fossil record. Hierarchical scaling of ecological and evolutionary processes is complex, but phylogenetic paleoecology is an avenue for better evaluating these questions.
ON UNRAMIFIED SOLVABLE EXTENSIONS OF SMALL NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: KÖNIG JOACHIM 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate unramified extensions of number fields with prescribed solvable Galois group G and certain extra conditions. In particular, we are interested in the minimal degree of a number field K, Galois over
$\mathbb {Q}$
, such that K possesses an unramified G-extension. We improve the best known bounds for the degree of such number fields K for certain classes of solvable groups, in particular for nilpotent groups.
THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION
IN QUADRATIC NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: LI ANDREW 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAigner showed in 1934 that nontrivial quadratic solutions to

$x^4 + y^4 = 1$
exist only in

$\mathbb Q(\sqrt {-7})$
. Following a method of Mordell, we show that nontrivial quadratic solutions to

$x^4 + 2^ny^4 = 1$
arise from integer solutions to the equations

$X^4 \pm 2^nY^4 = Z^2$
investigated in 1853 by V. A. Lebesgue.
THE NUMBER OF ROOTS OF A POLYNOMIAL SYSTEM
Authors: MINH NGUYEN CONG , THANG LUU BA , TRUNG TRAN NAM 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet I be a zero-dimensional ideal in the polynomial ring
$K[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$
over a field K. We give a bound for the number of roots of I in
$K^n$
counted with combinatorial multiplicity. As a consequence, we give a proof of Alon’s combinatorial Nullstellensatz.
Otolith fluctuating asymmetry inBoops boops(Actinopterygii, Sparidae) from two marine stations (Bizerte and Kelibia) in Tunisian waters
Authors: Ben Labidi Mouna , Mejri Marwa , Shahin Adel A.A.B. , Quignard Jean-Pierre , Trabelsi Monia , Ben Faleh Abderraouf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the first time, saccular otolith shape and size were analysed in 254 samples of the bogueBoops boopscollected from the marine stations of Bizerte and Kelibia situated in north-east Tunisia. The objectives were (1) to examine the inter- and intra-population variation in the otolith shape and size, including length (Lo), width (Wo) and area (Ao) measurements, and (2) to assess the relationship between otolith mass asymmetry (OMA) and total fish length (TL). In addition, the impact of pollution present in these two stations on the shape and size of the otolith in relation to the TL was discussed. Analyses of the otolith shape and biometric data showed a statistically significant asymmetry in the otolith shape (P< 0.0001) between the right and left sides within the population of Bizerte, as well as between the otoliths from the same right-right and left-left sides between the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. Similarly, a significant Wo asymmetry (P< 0.05) was recorded within the population of Kelibia. Conversely, a significant symmetry was detected in Lo and Ao (P> 0.05) between the right and left sides within the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. Moreover, the level of asymmetry of Ao was higher than that of Lo and Wo in both populations. Nevertheless, Student'st-test showed no statistically significant differences (P> 0.05) for Lo, Wo and Ao in relation to the means of TL between the three groups of the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia, although significant differences (P< 0.05) were found by using box plots. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship (P> 0.05) was detected between OMA and TL within and between the populations of Bizerte and Kelibia. The possible cause of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the otolith shape and size both within and/or between populations of the two stations has been discussed in relation to the instability of development induced by environmental stress associated with the variation in water temperature, salinity, depth, feeding conditions and pollutants present in these stations.
States of ambivalence: Recovering the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in International Relations
Authors: Berenskötter Felix , Nymalm Nicola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article revisits and revives the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in theorising international relations by discussing how this figure appears and what role it plays in the politics of (collective) identity. It shows that this concept is central to poststructuralist logic discussing the political production of discourses of danger and to scholarship on ontological security but remains subdued in their analytical narratives. Making the concept of the Stranger explicit is important, we argue, because it directs attention to ambivalence as a source of anxiety and grasps the unsettling experiences that political strategies of conquest or conversion, including practices of securitisation, respond to. Against this backdrop, the article provides a nuanced reading of the Stanger as a form of otherness that captures ambiguity as a threat to modern conceptions of identity, and outlines three scenarios of how it may be encountered in interstate relations: the phenomenon of ‘rising powers’ from the perspective of the hegemon, the dissolution of enmity (overcoming an antagonistic relationship), and the dissolution of friendship (close allies drifting apart). Aware that recovering the concept is not simply an academic exercise but may feed into how the term is used in political discourse and how practitioners deal with ‘strange encounters’, we conclude by pointing to alternative readings of the Stranger/strangeness and the value of doing so.
What difference does an academic makerspace make? A case study on the effect and outreach of DTU Skylab
Authors: Özkil Ali Gürcan , Skovgaard Jensen Lasse , Hansen Camilla Arndt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the rise of the “Maker Movement” and the entrepreneurial university, academic makerspaces became widespread. These facilities provide tools and machines that enable making and tinkering; and while the offerings, organizational and operational models, and outreach of the academic makerspaces can vary widely across institutions, their common value proposition is enabling innovation, entrepreneurship, and hands-on project-based learning and these studies are largely qualitative and exploratory by nature. Through a case study, this paper presents an in-depth analysis and insights on the users and usage of an academic makerspace. Using the data generated by and collected from the users of an academic makerspace, we evaluate the effects of having access to the makerspace on users' teaching and learning experiences, and their satisfaction with the offerings. Our results show that attracting courses and educators to the facilities played a strong role in growing the user base, courses and teaching activities introduced new teaching and learning activities to adopt the offerings, group and project work is positively impacted, and the users are very satisfied with the facilities and having the access to its offerings. The analysis also showed that the demand for the offerings can be challenging to manage during certain periods, most of the users come from three departments (mechanical, electrical, civil engineering), and the diversity of the users could improve with the introduction of new offerings, such as a wet lab for bio/chemistry experiments and a food lab to tinker with food processing and preparation.
The importance of riparian forests and tree plantations for the occurrence of the European Turtle DoveStreptopelia turturin an intensively cultivated agroecosystem
Authors: CHIATANTE GIANPASQUALE , PORRO ZENO , MERIGGI ALBERTO 
Published: November 2020

SummaryFarmland birds represent a large proportion of European avifauna, and the populations of several species have suffered a dramatic decline in recent decades. Among these species, the European Turtle DoveStreptopelia turturhas undergone rapid decline in much of its European range. Therefore, the main aims of this research are to estimate the population density of the Turtle Dove and to investigate its habitat use at home range scale in an intensively cultivated agroecosystem in northern Italy. In the 2015 breeding season we carried out turtle dove counts from 372 point-counts, randomly allocated following a stratified cluster sampling design. The density was estimated by distance sampling, whereas the habitat suitability was assessed by Resource Selection Probability Function. In particular, we followed a presencevsavailability approach, using binary logistic regression and the Information-Theoretic approach. During fieldwork, 76 observations of Turtle Dove were collected and a density of 5.0 pairs/km2was estimated. The Turtle Dove inhabits areas with high tree cover, either semi-natural forests or tree plantations, as well as areas with many shrubs and hedgerows. On the other hand, areas with a high proportion of crops, such as paddyfields, maize, and winter cereals are avoided. For the species’ conservation, it is necessary to maintain a combination of habitat features with suitable nesting and feeding areas, as the degradation of either of these may reduce Turtle Dove populations.
Temperament, parenting styles and the intensity of early maladaptive schemas: assessment of correlations in a non-clinical adult group
Authors: Mącik Dorota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Prior research has partially verified the significance of child temperament and styles of upbringing for schema intensity. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the inter-relations between them.Aim:The present study examined how temperament (stable and labile) and style of parenting (positive and negative) are related to each other, and to early maladaptive schemas.Method:Participants (395 healthy adults) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire YSQ-S3 and the Retrospective Assessment of Parents’ Attitudes and Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Structural equation modelling was used to verify hypotheses.Results:Temperament and parental styles together explain more than 59% of the variance of schema intensity. The obtained path coefficients show one-way directions of inter-relations. Stable temperament connects to schemas directly with a negative path coefficient. Labile temperament shows a significant positive association with negative parental attitudes, but not directly with schemas. Negative parenting is positively connected with schemas. A positive style of parenting is not significantly connected with temperament and schemas.Conclusions:Results show evidence that negative style of parenting and labile temperament features are more important for schema developing and may be treated as risk factors. Because temperament seems to be a relatively persistent feature, it may play a similar role in adulthood, reinforcing emotions and feelings in the context of environment, and then maintain the schemas.