bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A call to arms: Setting the framework for a code of practice for mosquito management in European wetlands
Authors: Martinou Angeliki F. , Schäfer Stephanie M. , Bueno Mari Rubén , Angelidou Ioanna , Erguler Kamil , Fawcett James , Ferraguti Martina , Foussadier Rémi , Gkotsi Trisevgeni V. , Martinos Christos F. , Schäfer Martina , Schaffner Francis , Peyton Jodey M. , Purse Bethan V. , Wright Denis J. , Roy Helen E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Wetlands provide multiple services to human societies. Despite policies dedicated to their protection, current European policies do not address the need to balance mosquito management approaches to mitigate dis‐services to human health and well‐being while ensuring that wetland conservation goals are met.

Herein, we outline criteria for consideration when developing mosquito control programmes in European wetlands that will allow managers and public health authorities to adopt effective and ecologically sound approaches.

Synthesis and applications. The proposed code of practice provides practical advice to local authorities and those involved in mosquito control in order to design an integrated mosquito management strategy that aligns with current environmental legislation. Although this code of practice was developed by European experts, it is transferable to other geographical contexts, integrating the expertise and knowledge of local stakeholders and researchers from the fields of medical entomology, human and animal health and ecology.
Spatial drivers of composition and connectivity across endangered tropical dry forests
Authors: Balzotti Christopher S. , Asner Gregory P. , Adkins Edith D. , Parsons Elliott W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Tropical dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. Rapid loss, degradation and fragmentation of these native ecosystems in a changing climate have driven a time‐sensitive need to improve our understanding and management of remaining dry forests.
We used advanced remote sensing technologies, combined with extensive field data and machine learning, to better understand how spatial drivers (e.g. climate, fire, human) of canopy species composition vary in importance and correlate with forest cover (total, native and non‐native), within an endangered Hawaiian tropical dry forest.
Past introductions of non‐native, drought‐tolerant tree species into this Hawaiian dry forest have created a new forest canopy composition and a loss of native forest biodiversity and connectivity at the landscape scale.
Synthesis and applications. Our findings help to spatially visualize the loss and transition of native Hawaiian forests and provide a new conservation planning tool. Conservation and restoration efforts can now be informed by spatial maps of canopy composition, connectivity and determinants of forest cover for the region. For example, our models identified a climatic transition zone between 800 and 1,000 m where native forests exist in high densities, and non‐native forests are not yet dominant. This area may be optimal for cost‐effective conservation and targeted management. Ecosystems are changing globally at unprecedented rates. The methods presented in this study provide a framework that can be adapted to monitor these changes around the world.
Real three‐dimensional approach vs two‐dimensional camera with and without real‐time near‐infrared imaging with indocyanine green for detection of endometriosis: A case‐control study
Authors: Vizzielli Giuseppe , Cosentino Francesco , Raimondo Diego , Turco Luigi C. , Vargiu Virginia , Iodice Raffaella , Mastronardi Manuela , Mabrouk Mohamed , Scambia Giovanni , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe complete surgical removal of endometriosis lesions is not always feasible because some implants may be very small or hidden. The use of intraoperative near‐infrared radiation (NIR) imaging after intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) coupled with robotic technical advances, including three‐dimensional (3D) and high‐resolution vision, might improve detection rates.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective, multicenter case‐control study (Canadian Task Force classification II‐2) on medical records of women with endometriosis who underwent surgery at the Catholic University of Rome (Controls) and the University of Bologna (Cases) between January 2016 and March 2018. Surgical and post‐surgical data from the procedures were collected. We compared the visual detection rate of endometriotic lesions using near‐infrared radiation imaging after intravenous injection of indocyanine green (NIR‐ICG) in Real 3D (Cases) with the 2D Camera approach (Controls) in symptomatic women with pelvic endometriosis.ResultsTwenty cases were matched as closely as possible with 27 controls. The numbers of suspected lesions identified both with the white light and the NIR‐ICG approach were 116 and 70 in the Controls (2D) and Cases (3D), respectively. Among them, 16 of 116 controls (13.8%) and 12 of 70 cases (17.1%) were identified using only NIR‐ICG imaging and collected as occult lesions (P = .536). The overall NIR‐ICG lesion identification showed a positive predictive value of 97.8%, negative predictive value of 82.3%, sensitivity of 82.0%, and specificity of 97.9% for the Control group, and a positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 97.1%, sensitivity of 97.1%, and specificity of 100% for the Case group, confirming that NIR‐ICG imaging is a good diagnostic and screening test (P = .643 and P = .791, according to the Cohen κ tests, respectively for the laparoscopic and robotic groups).ConclusionsThe few differences observed did not seem to be clinically relevant, making the 2 procedures comparable in terms of the ability to visually detect endometriotic lesions. Further prospective trials are needed to confirm our results.
The Swedish National Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE): incidence and onset of postoperative glaucoma
Authors: Nyström Alf , Haargaard Birgitte , Rosensvärd Annika , Tornqvist Kristina , Magnusson Gunilla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to report cumulative incidence and time of onset of postoperative glaucoma in a paediatric early cataract surgery cohort.MethodsData were retrieved from the Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), a prospective register of Swedish cataract operations before 8 years of age. All eyes with surgery between January 2007 and December 2014 and a registered follow‐up were included. Cataracts caused by uveitis, trauma or coexisting congenital glaucoma were excluded. Glaucoma was defined as early onset if diagnosed within a year after surgery and late onset if diagnosed later.ResultsThe study included 288 eyes in 207 children (106 girls), 81 with bilateral and 126 with unilateral cataracts, with a mean follow‐up of 3.31 ± 1.77 years. Of the 288, 168 (58.3%) had surgery before 3 months of age; most of these 92.3% (155/168) were defined as dense, 208 (72.2%) were below 1 year of age. Cumulative incidence of surgically treated glaucoma among individuals was 23.7% (49/207). Median time to glaucoma onset was 0.91 years (range: 0.05–4.97 years) for eyes. Early‐onset glaucoma was found in 98 % (63/64), and late onset in 2% (1/64).ConclusionIn this paediatric cataract cohort, a majority of eyes had surgery before 3 months of age (58.3%). Secondary glaucoma‐onset peaked within the first postoperative year, with a cumulative incidence of 23.7%. Surgery performed after the first month of life, resulted in a lower glaucoma rate. Long‐term follow‐up will reveal whether the low rate of late‐onset glaucoma with early surgery will last, and if so, the consequences.
Urolithiasis in second‐generation immigrant children younger than 18 years of age in Sweden
Authors: Wändell Per , Carlsson Axel C. , Li Xinjun , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo compare incidence of urolithiasis in second‐generation immigrant children aged 0‐17 years to children of Swedish‐born parents.MethodsA nationwide study of individuals residing in Sweden. Urolithiasis was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of urolithiasis in the Swedish National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2015. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk (hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)) of incident urolithiasis compared to individuals with Swedish‐born parents. The models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, co‐morbidities and sociodemographic status of parents.ResultsTotally, 1653 incident cases of urolithiasis were registered, 658 boys and 995 girls, with a mean annual incidence per 100 000 person‐years for children with Swedish‐born parents of 4.0 (95% CI 3.7‐4.3) in boys and 6.7 (95% CI 6.2‐7.2) in girls, and for children with foreign‐born parents of 5.3 (95% CI 5.1‐5.4) in boys and 7.2 (95% CI 6.9‐7.4) in girls. The fully adjusted HRs of urolithiasis in second‐generation immigrants were non‐significant, in boys (1.20, 95% CI 0.99‐1.46) and girls (0.95, 95% CI 0.80‐1.12).ConclusionThe risk of urolithiasis in second‐generation immigrants was not significantly different from that of children with Swedish‐born parents.
Maternal use of nicotine products and breastfeeding 3 months postpartum
Authors: Nordhagen Live S. , Kreyberg Ina , Bains Karen Eline S. , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon , Glavin Kari , Skjerven Håvard O. , Småstuen Milada C. , Hilde Katarina , Nordlund Björn , Vettukattil Riyas , Hedlin Gunilla , Granum Berit , Jonassen Christine M. , Gudmundsdóttir Hrefna K. , Haugen Guttorm , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Söderhäll Cilla , Staff Anne Cathrine , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. ,   PreventADALL study group
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with maternal use of nicotine products in relation to breastfeeding.MethodsNicotine use 3 months postpartum was determined in the Scandinavian PreventADALL mother‐child birth cohort study recruiting 1837 women from 2014 to 2016. Electronic questionnaires at 18 weeks pregnancy and 3 months postpartum provided information on snus use, smoking or other nicotine use, infant feeding and socio‐economic factors. The risk of nicotine use in relation to breastfeeding was analysed with logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 5.6% of women used snus (2.9%), smoked (2.7%) or both (n = 2) 3 months postpartum, while one used other nicotine products. Among the 1717 breastfeeding women, 95.1% reported no nicotine use, while 2.4% used snus, 2.5% smoked and one dual user. Compared to 3.7% nicotine use in exclusively breastfeeding women (n = 1242), the risk of nicotine use increased by partly (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.45‐3.52) and no breastfeeding (OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.57‐8.21). Nicotine use before (14.5% snus, 16.4% smoking) or in pregnancy (0.2% snus, 0.4% smoking) significantly increased the risk of using nicotine during breastfeeding.ConclusionFew breastfeeding women used snus or smoked 3 months postpartum, with increased risk by nicotine use before or during pregnancy.
Retrospective versus prospective score tests for genetic association with case‐control data
Authors: Liu Yukun , Li Pengfei , Song Lei , Yu Kai , Qin Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the seminal work of Prentice and Pyke, the prospective logistic likelihood has become the standard method of analysis for retrospectively collected case‐control data, in particular for testing the association between a single genetic marker and a disease outcome in genetic case‐control studies. In the study of multiple genetic markers with relatively small effects, especially those with rare variants, various aggregated approaches based on the same prospective likelihood have been developed to integrate subtle association evidence among all the markers considered. Many of the commonly used tests are derived from the prospective likelihood under a common‐random‐effect assumption, which assumes a common random effect for all subjects. We develop the locally most powerful aggregation test based on the retrospective likelihood under an independent‐random‐effect assumption, which allows the genetic effect to vary among subjects. In contrast to the fact that disease prevalence information cannot be used to improve efficiency for the estimation of odds ratio parameters in logistic regression models, we show that it can be utilized to enhance the testing power in genetic association studies. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over the existing ones. A real genome‐wide association study is analyzed for illustration.
EARSHOT: A Minimal Neural Network Model of Incremental Human Speech Recognition
Authors: Magnuson James S. , You Heejo , Luthra Sahil , Li Monica , Nam Hosung , Escabí Monty , Brown Kevin , Allopenna Paul D. , Theodore Rachel M. , Monto Nicholas , Rueckl Jay G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the lack of invariance problem (the many‐to‐many mapping between acoustics and percepts), human listeners experience phonetic constancy and typically perceive what a speaker intends. Most models of human speech recognition (HSR) have side‐stepped this problem, working with abstract, idealized inputs and deferring the challenge of working with real speech. In contrast, carefully engineered deep learning networks allow robust, real‐world automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the complexities of deep learning architectures and training regimens make it difficult to use them to provide direct insights into mechanisms that may support HSR. In this brief article, we report preliminary results from a two‐layer network that borrows one element from ASR, long short‐term memory nodes, which provide dynamic memory for a range of temporal spans. This allows the model to learn to map real speech from multiple talkers to semantic targets with high accuracy, with human‐like timecourse of lexical access and phonological competition. Internal representations emerge that resemble phonetically organized responses in human superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that the model develops a distributed phonological code despite no explicit training on phonetic or phonemic targets. The ability to work with real speech is a major advance for cognitive models of HSR.
Morphogenetic mechanisms forming the notochord rod: The turgor pressure‐sheath strength model
Authors: Yasuoka Yuuri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe notochord is a defining feature of chordates. During notochord formation in vertebrates and tunicates, notochord cells display dynamic morphogenetic movement, called convergent extension, in which cells intercalate and align at the dorsal midline. However, in cephalochordates, the most basal group of chordates, the notochord is formed without convergent extension. It is simply developed from mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline. This suggests that convergent extension movement of notochord cells is a secondarily acquired developmental attribute in the common ancestor of olfactores (vertebrates + tunicates), and that the chordate ancestor innovated the notochord upon a foundation of morphogenetic mechanisms independent of cell movement. Therefore, this review focuses on biological features specific to notochord cells, which have been well studied using clawed frogs, zebrafish, and tunicates. Attributes of notochord cells, such as vacuolation, membrane trafficking, extracellular matrix formation, and apoptosis, can be understood in terms of two properties: turgor pressure of vacuoles and strength of the notochord sheath. To maintain the straight rod‐like structure of the notochord, these parameters must be counterbalanced. In the future, the turgor pressure‐sheath strength model, proposed in this review, will be examined in light of quantitative molecular data and mathematical simulations, illuminating the evolutionary origin of the notochord.
Treason or Reason? Psychoanalytical Insights on Whistleblowing
Authors: Jalan Ishan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper critically examines and reviews the dominant and mainstream perspectives and literature on whistleblowing and offers a new approach to understanding this complex phenomenon using a psychoanalytical lens. Almost all studies on whistleblowing perceive it as an ethical, moral or altruistic act on the part of the whistleblower and overlook the whistleblower's subjectivity in question. This paper offers an in‐depth review of the literature to explore this and addresses the emergent but nascent discourses on whistleblower's subjectivity, offering an alternative perspective suggesting that not all whistleblowers may be prompted by moral compulsion or desire to speak truth to power. It suggests that underlying emotional and unconscious dynamics such as narcissism, in particular narcissistic rage, disillusionment and a sense of betrayal, can be possible factors in deciding to ‘blow the whistle’. Furthermore, the concept of psychological defences and defence mechanisms is discussed in depth and is used to illustrate the dynamics above. In doing so, this paper draws upon extant literatures to challenge and shift existing paradigms on normative whistleblowing literature, offering novel and significant theoretical contributions and an alternative strategic platform for new directions in research and practice.
Declines in non‐digital social interaction among Americans, 2003–2017
Authors: Twenge Jean M. , Spitzberg Brian H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is unclear whether Americans spent less time on non‐digital social interaction in the 2010s than in the 2000s. In the nationally representative American Time Use Survey administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (n = 191,558), U.S. residents 15 years of age and older spent 10 to 11 fewer minutes a day in non‐digital social interaction during leisure time in 2017 compared to 2003, which translates to 67 fewer hours a year. The decline was primarily driven by adolescents and young adults ages from15 to 25, who spent between 21 and 23 fewer minutes per day on non‐digital social interaction in 2017 compared to 2003, or 140 fewer hours a year. Thus, American adolescents and young adults spent less time on non‐digital social interaction in the 2010s, with a less pronounced decline among those ages 26 and over.
Effect of fiber‐reinforcement on the strength of polymer materials for provisional restorations: An in vitro study
Authors: Psarri Christina , Kourtis Stefanos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of fiber reinforcement (glass fibers preimpregnated, glass fibers nonpreimpregnated, and polyethylene fibers) on the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of poly‐methyl‐methacrylate resin (PMMA) and Bis‐Gma materials.Materials and methodsA total of 60 specimens of autopolymerizing PMMA resin specimens were fabricated using a stainless steel matrix with dimensions of (37.5± 2) × (3 ± 0.1) × (3 ± 0.1) mm according to the standards of ISO 10477. The autopolymerizing resins used in this study were: (a) JET, (b) TRIM, (c) PROTEMP. The fibers used in this study were STICK (Glass fiber preimpregnated), POLYDENTIA (Glass fiber nonpreimpregnated), RIBBOND (Polyethylene fiber).The specimens were tested by three‐point bending test and the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were recorded. The data of each resin type were analyzed by analysis of variance using a significance level of 0.05 to determine the mean differences.ResultsThe integration of reinforcing fibers in the mass of resins for provisional restorations increased both the flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity in all tested combinations compared to control groups. After the three‐point bending test, the specimens were not completely fractured and the parts remained together due to the fibers.ConclusionsFiber reinforcement is an effective method to increase mechanical properties of provisional restorative resins. Reinforcement with fibers enhances the flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity of the specimens compared to unreinforced (control) group.Clinical significanceThe reinforcement of resin materials used for provisional restorations with fibers can increase mechanical strength and may improve the clinical performance and the longevity of provisional restorations during their clinical function.
Characterization of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides extracted by coupling ionic liquid separation system with ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Otu Phyllis Naa Yarley , Osae Richard , Abdullateef Mustapha Taiye , Cunshan Zhou , Xiaojie Yu , Azumah Bright Kojo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReplacement of organic solvents and short time for purification of polysaccharides has gained attention of researchers. Ionic liquid (IL) was optimally utilized to achieve the mentioned target. IL was coupled with ultrasound irradiation to obtain good yield of partially purified Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides. The yield of purified polysaccharides (75.11%) was close to the predicted (75.78%). Crude polysaccharides were found to be round group‐like shape while purified polysaccharides displayed compact flat thick‐slice shape under scanning electron microscopy. Using gas chromatography, galacturonic acid was detected as part of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides. Functional groups associated with polysaccharides were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using Congo red assay, polysaccharides were observed to be of nonhelical structure. The crude polysaccharide was more viscous in rheological property and had molecular weight of (304,700 g/mol). Using dynamic light scattering methodology, purified polysaccharides (24,370 g/mol) aggregated in water and possessed an excellent ABTS antiradical ability. Purification of polysaccharides using IL within a short time was feasible and presented useful characteristics needed in formulations by the food and pharmaceutical industries.Practical applicationFeasibility of using ionic liquid aqueous two‐phase system to separate biomolecules (amino acids, saccharides) within a short time has been established by researchers. Knowledge on this was applied in the separation of proteins from polysaccharides extracted from Moringa oleifera leaf. Knowledge of structure–function relations was thoroughly established for extracted and purified polysaccharides. Characteristics of polysaccharides discovered can be useful to the food and pharmaceutical industries.