bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firm–civil society organizational collaborations in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives; development of collaboration typology
Authors: Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Verma Surabhi 
Published: December 2020

PurposeBusiness firms operate in society not only for market gains but also for generating positive social externalities. Civil society organisations (CSO) have helped society to develop across various spheres of influence. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ushered in an era wherein both business economic objectives as well as socio-environmental responsibilities of firms were prioritized simultaneously. The path of firms and CSOs intersected through CSR. In this work, the authors develop a typology on firm–CSO collaboration regarding CSR initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe authors through a twin approach of systematic literature review (SLR) with qualitative study developed a categorization of collaborations between a firm and a CSO in the context of CSR engagements. Apart from the SLR, the authors undertook two focus group discussions (FGD) with CSR experts (engaged in firm–CSO collaboration). This was done with a semi-structured discussion agenda frame. The data were content analysed for thematic aspects. Thus, both SLR as well as FGD outputs were considered for the study results.FindingsThe authors found six elements in firm–CSO collaboration and seven archetypes of collaboration. The six elements were CSR action elements (CSRAE) consisting of CSR agenda (CSRA), CSR resources (CSRR), CSR capabilities (CSRC), CSR Pprocess (CSRP), CSR monitoring (CSRM) and CSR stakeholder engagement (CSRSE). The seven typologies were CSO as auditor , outsourcing of CSR , CSO-driven CSR, joint CSR, support to CSO for CSR ,guided support to CSO and coordinated CSR.Research limitations/implicationsDoty and Glick, (1994) had undertaken a seminal work on theory building based upon the unique method of application of typologies. Doty and Glick, (1994) elucidated how application of typologies could through a typology study enhance the scope and level for understanding and modelling in a contextual domain involving theory. This study was a step in this direction in the context of firm–CSO collaboration in the context of CSR initiatives.Practical implicationsThis study would help managers from both CSOs and business firms to comprehend in which sphere they were required to collaborate like in resource /capabilities deployment or in designing CSR agendas or CSR process or CSR monitoring or in stakeholder engagement during CSR management. This typology would enable managers to comprehend what would be the most suitable form of collaboration between a firm and a CSO for a specific CSR engagement.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that theorizes regarding firm–CSO collaboration in the context of CSR initiatives both in terms of the collaboration building block elements as well as typology presented.
The interplay between social rank, physiological constraints and investment in courtship in male spotted hyenas
Authors: Davidian Eve , Wachter Bettina , Heckmann Ilja , Dehnhard Martin , Hofer Heribert , Höner Oliver P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In many animal societies, dominant males have a higher reproductive success than subordinate males. The proximate mechanisms by which social rank influences reproductive success are poorly understood. One prominent hypothesis posits that rank‐related male attributes of attractiveness and fighting ability are the main mediators of reproductive skew. Yet, empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis is limited. An alternative hypothesis emphasises the inherent social dimension of dominance relationships and posits that the relationship between male social rank and reproductive success is mediated by the physiological costs of male–male competition. This has not been tested in systems in which the two hypotheses can be disentangled.

We investigated the interplay between male social rank, physiological costs and male investment in social and sexual activities. We used measurements of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGMC) as biomarkers of physiological costs and long‐term behavioural data of 319 males in free‐ranging spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta, a species in which male access to females and reproductive success do not depend on physical attributes.

When males courted females and interacted with male competitors, low‐ranking males had higher fGMC than high‐ranking males. In contrast, fGMC did not vary with social rank when males were alone or when they courted females and competitors were absent. Low‐ranking males minimised their exposure to physiologically costly intrasexual competition; they spent more time alone and less time engaging in social and sexual activities than did high‐ranking males. They also invested less than high‐ranking males in courting the most contested and highest‐quality females.

Our findings demonstrate that the physiological costs of intrasexual competition in male spotted hyenas vary with social rank and shape behavioural trade‐offs between the allocation of time and physiological resources to social integration, reproduction and self‐maintenance. Our study suggests that physiological and social constraints play a pivotal role in the emergence of rank‐related male reproductive success. The study provides insights into how the social organisation and breeding system shape physiological constraints and patterns of reproductive skew within and between species.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
An MSC bone‐homing compound, Rab001, increases bone mass and reduces the incidence of osteonecrosis in a glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis mouse model
Authors: Jiang Min , Liu Lixian , Xiang Xuexiang , Liang Runmin , Qin Xuelian , Zhao Jinmin , Wei Qingjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, there are no effective medications to either prevent or slow the progression of atraumatic osteonecrosis (ON). The objective of this study is to determine the effects of bone‐targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cells on the prevalence of ON in a glucocorticoid (GC)‐induced mouse model. Eight‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were randomized into groups that received placebo (PL), prednisolone (GC), or concurrent treatments with GC + mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), Rab001 or GC + Rab001 + MSCs. Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) was used as a positive control for bone anabolism. Mice were killed after 30 days, and quantitative measurements of bone mass, bone strength, prevalent ON at the distal femoral epiphysis (DFE) were performed. Angiogenesis was accessed by RNA‐Seq, the circulating angiogenic markers, as well as by immunohistochemical staining. We have showed that a novel agent, Rab001 that can noncovalently bind to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and direct them to the bone, prevents the incidence of glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis in the mouse. In contrast, PTH, a bone anabolic treatment, preserves bone mass but sustains higher ON incidence than Rab001+/− MSC‐treated mice. The results of these experiments reveal that glucocorticoids increase the prevalence of ON, and agents that prevent loss of bone vascularity appear to prevent the development of ON. This intervention might be useful in patients with early stages of atraumatic ON.
Increasing habitat complexity enhances crab density: A case study from Thailand
Authors: Tuntiprapas Piyalap , Rattanachot Ekkalak , Prathep Anchana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe problem of seagrass degradation in Southeast Asia region, which harbors some of the greatest marine biodiversity in the world, is increasing due to coastal development and the lack of efficient management. These factors have caused the decline of marine life and have impacted local fisheries. The present study investigated the species, sizes and abundance of swimming crabs in areas of differing seagrass cover at Koh Tha Rai in the Gulf of Thailand. Seagrass cover and crab populations were investigated on May 2006, September 2010 and August 2017. The results showed concomitant change in seagrass cover and the dominant crab species, Thalamita crenata. Seagrass increased from 27.69 ± 5.08% (mean ± SE) to 58.89 ± 5.61% at the low cover site between May 2006 and July 2017, while T. crenata abundance increased 10‐fold (p ≤ .0001). This study highlights the importance of conservation and the importance of seagrass in terms of providing ecosystem services and habitat/refuge for marine benthos in the region.
External credit and export decision: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Akoto Richard Kofi , Adjasi Charles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of external credit on the export decision of manufacturing firms in Nigeria using the 2014 World Bank Enterprise Surveys data. The paper employs an instrumental variable (IV) probit model to assess the empirical relations. The results reveal that both bank and nonbank credit positively and significantly drive firms' foreign market entry decision in Nigeria. Policy interventions should therefore be directed at creating an enabling environment that would stimulate an increase in the breadth and depth of financial presence across Nigeria. This may be done through offering special tax reliefs to banks and nonbank financial institutions that seek to expand. Banks should also be encouraged to invest in innovative strategies such as branchless banking and mobile banking which have the capability to increase access without the huge cost outlays for physical infrastructure. They should further be encouraged to develop special ‘export credit packages’ for smaller but viable firms that are willing to go into exporting but lack the necessary collateral, and create special ‘task forces’ to monitor and redeem such loans when they fall due. The Government should also channel ‘export development credit’ through banks and nonbank financial institutions to manufacturing firms in Nigeria for efficient allocation, monitoring and collection.
Determinants of labor productivity among SMEs and large‐sized private service firms in Kenya
Authors: Amutabi Cyprian , Wambugu Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the 2018 World Bank enterprise data, this study sought to establish whether the determinants of labor productivity in the Kenyan private service sector varied with the size of the firm. Unlike previous studies that just focus on the determinants of labor productivity among manufacturing firms; this study employed the two‐stage switching regressions model to correct for the firm‐size effect. The findings revealed that capital intensity, employee wage, high school education, and managers' experience impacted positively and significantly on labor productivity while tax burden and power outages significantly decreased labor productivity across all firms. The differences in the determinants of labor productivity across both firms were, however, found to be negligible and insignificant. With the political uncertainty and tax burden constraints perennially defining the Kenyan economy, the study recommended the provision of a favorable business environment and investment in human capital as key channels of optimizing service sector productivity. The selectivity variable was also significant across both firms, hence supporting the role of self‐selection in labor productivity studies. Correcting for the firm‐size effect was very crucial; something that has been largely ignored in previous studies on labor productivity.
Governance, health expenditure and infant mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Langnel Zechariah , Buracom Ponlapat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper examines the effect of governance and health expenditure on infant mortality with a panel data of 32 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2015. Having accounted for potential endogeneity issues related to maternal choices that are made due to contemporaneous infant mortality, the evidence from system generalized method of moment reveals that health expenditure and governance shows no direct influence on infant mortality. However, the coefficient of the interaction between government effectiveness and health expenditure is significant and shows a negative relationship with infant mortality, implying that the effectiveness of health expenditure may be explained by the administrative capacity of countries in SSA. To validate our model, the result from the sensitivity analysis reveals that health expenditure and its interaction with government effectiveness and political stability/absence of violence exert a reducing effect on the under‐five mortality rate. Therefore, since governance quality is lower in SSA compared to other regions, we recommend that governance should be improved consistently in order to achieve health‐related outcomes. The findings further signal the urgent need to formulate policies that directly redress health conditions, rather than through indirect instruments. This focus is critical for the advancement of sustainable development goal 3 in SSA.
Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001–2018
Authors: Kalb Guyonne , Meekes Jordy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe explore how much wage growth varies among Australian employees and how it has changed over the 2001–2018 period. The results show that, after increasing between 2002 and 2007, wage growth significantly slowed post 2008, and particularly from 2013 onwards, returning to early 2000s levels. Employee age, education, employment contract, occupation and industry explain a large share of differences in wage growth between individuals. Employee occupation is more important post‐2008 than pre‐2008, whereas education is more important pre‐2008. Finally, casual employees receive a wage growth premium during periods of economic upturn and a penalty during downturn.
Distinctive features of student borrowers and suboptimal investor decision‐making: Evidence from the P2P lending market
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Kim Jihun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study attempts to identify the characteristics and behavioral features of student borrowers, and to investigate how well individual investors incorporate the uniqueness of these borrowers in their funding decisions. We find that student borrowers are distinct from other types of borrowers, not only with respect to factors that existed prior to joining the market, but also in terms of information generated during loan requests, subsequent cancellation behavior, repayment performance, and even in the composition and predictive accuracy of loan repayment models. However, individual investors are not fully aware of the unique attributes of student borrowers in their funding decisions.
Periodontitis, erectile dysfunction, reproductive hormones, and semen quality: A systematic review
Authors: Lecaplain Bastien , Badran Zahi , Soueidan Assem , Prud'homme Tony , Gaudin Alexis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that periodontitis may affect male sexual health (MSH) (erectile function, production of sex hormones, and semen quality). However, a limited number of clinical studies demonstrate the association between MSH and periodontitis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between periodontitis and MSF.Materials and methodsA comprehensive systematic review of the published literature in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from the earliest available online indexing year until October 2020 was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Keywords related to periodontitis were combined with words describing MSH.ResultA total of 19 studies were included and discussed in the systematic review. The number of study participants ranged from 53 to 197,136 individuals, aged between 18 and 95 years (mean age, 41.2 years). Six studies did not report the age of the participants. Out of nine studies, eight found a significant association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontitis. Only three studies evaluated the association between sex hormone levels and periodontitis, and two of these studies showed that patients with periodontitis are expected to exhibit higher levels of testosterone. Finally, out of five studies, two demonstrated a significant association between semen quality and periodontitis.DiscussionThe findings in this review were limited by the quality and the few available studies. Results from the observational studies might have been affected by recall bias and confounded by cofactors.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review revealed a significant association between periodontitis and ED, although the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. The potential associations between sex hormone levels, semen quality, and periodontitis are yet to be demonstrated. In order to improve patient management, dentists and physicians need to be aware of the association between male sexual health problems and periodontitis.
Does resilience moderate the effect of intimate partner violence on signs of depression among Tanzanian pregnant women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Magnusson Frederik L. , Rogathi Jane J. , Sigalla Geofrey N. , Manongi Rachel , Rasch Vibeke , Gammeltoft Tine , Meyrowitsch Dan W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionExposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has been found to be associated with a multitude of poor health and quality of life outcomes. Among the risks exacerbated by IPV is prenatal depression. Resilience is hypothesized to protect against psychopathology after exposure to a traumatic influence. The present study aims to investigate resilience as a moderator of the effect of exposure to IPV on prenatal depression among pregnant women in Moshi, Tanzania.Material and methodsIn this cross‐sectional study, nested within a larger longitudinal study, pregnant women receiving antenatal care were interviewed about exposure to IPV, signs of depression using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and resilience using the abbreviated Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. Logistic regression was used to test the effect of the interaction term of resilience and exposure to IPV during pregnancy on the risk of high level of signs of depression.ResultsIn total, 1013 women completed all interviews, 300 women reported exposure to IPV, and 113 had high levels of signs of depression. Mean resilience score was 14.26 (SD 9.45). Exposure to IPV was correlated with signs of depression (adjusted odds ratio 6.49, 95% CI 3.75‐11.24). Resilience was not correlated with signs of depression, nor was the interaction term of resilience and exposure to IPV.ConclusionsThe study did not find that resilience acted as a moderator of the effect of exposure to IPV during pregnancy on the risk of prenatal depression. The cross‐sectional design of the study may not be well suited to investigate resilience, which could take time to manifest. The abbreviated Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale has not been validated in a Tanzanian setting, or in the Swahili version. Practitioners should take note that all women and families affected by IPV should be afforded relevant assistance from social services, law enforcement, healthcare practitioners, and other relevant services, regardless of their apparent level of resilience.
Early gastric cancer with splenic artery aneurysm successfully treated with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy after endovascular coil embolization: A case report
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Yamagata Yukinori , Hakozaki Yuhei , Nakata Manabu , Oya Masatoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSplenic artery aneurysm (SAA) is a relatively rare disease. Most patients with SAA have no symptoms, and detection is incidental detection. The incidence of rupture is not particularly high, but the mortality rate of ruptured SAAs is high. The main treatment for gastric cancer is gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, with dissection around the celiac artery suggested to be the most important. A 68‐year‐old woman with early gastric cancer in the lesser curvature of the lower gastric corpus was referred to our hospital. CT showed no remarkable findings except for a saccular SAA (diameter, 1.5 cm). We planned laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. However, because the SAA was close to the surgical field and its saccular shape created a rupture risk, we performed interventional radiology for SAA before surgery. One month later, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ was performed successfully. The patient has remained disease‐free in the 51 months since the operation.
Practical recognition tools of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐positive optic neuritis and its clinical implications
Authors: Lotan Itay , Oertel Frederike C. , Chien Claudia , Asseyer Susanna , Paul Friedemann , Stiebel‐Kalish Hadas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐associated disease is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, associated with the presence of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG. Recent data have allowed characterization of the clinical spectrum of MOG‐associated disease, which is now considered a new disease entity, distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Optic neuritis is the most common clinical presentation of MOG‐associated disease in adults, both at disease onset and during the disease course, and has several distinct clinical and paraclinical features. Immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG‐positive optic neuritis is often bilateral and associated with optic disc swelling and a longitudinally extensive abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal involving the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve. The visual acuity during the acute attack is severely decreased, and the response to corticosteroids is often rapid and prominent. However, early relapses after steroid cessation are common, and a subset of patients is left with a permanent visual disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical and paraclinical features of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG‐positive optic neuritis in adults, and focus on the distinctive features that can enable its early diagnosis. Therapeutical considerations at the acute stage and for relapse prevention are further deliberated.