bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How will snow alter exposure of organisms to cold stress under climate warming?
Authors: Kearney Michael R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to test the capacity of an ecologically focused microclimate model to capture the interaction between snow cover and soil temperature and use it to assess how historical and future climate warming affects exposure of organisms to stressfully cold conditions in shallow soil.LocationContinental USA.Time period1980–2017.MethodsA snow heat budget algorithm was developed and integrated with the general‐purpose microclimate model of the NicheMapR package. The gridMET daily historical weather grids were used as environmental forcing. The model was tested against hourly observations of soil temperature and snow cover for 590 Soil Climate Analysis Network/SNOw TELemetry sites across the USA. It was then used to simulate cold stress exposure of ectotherms and hibernation costs for endotherms.ResultsThe model captured soil and snow observations to within c. 10%–15% of the range (r c. near 0.85). Air temperature exhibited a mean warming rate of 0.37°C per decade across sites, but in snow‐affected regions the predicted shallow‐soil warming rates were one‐third lower. Biophysical analyses predicted an increase in the activity time of ectotherms as a result of contemporary climate change but little change in cold stress at most sites. For endotherms, hibernation costs were predicted to decline in general. However, both reduced and increased cold stress was simulated to occur for ectotherms and endotherms under simulated air temperature warming of ≤3 °C.Main conclusionsMany of the direct biological consequences of climate warming will be mediated through soil temperature. Microclimatic processes linked to snow cover mean that exposure to cold stress for both ectotherms and endotherms might stay constant, decrease or even increase under climate warming, depending on the local circumstances and species‐specific biology. The idiosyncratic and season‐specific decoupling of above‐ and below‐ground environments under climate warming will have important ecological consequences in snow‐affected regions and can now be computed mechanistically.
Development and Re‐Evaluation of Tourmaline Reference Materials for In Situ Measurement of Boron δ Values by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Marger Katharina , Harlaux Matthieu , Rielli Andrea , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Dini Andrea , Dutrow Barbara L. , Bouvier Anne‐Sophie 
Published: April 2020

Six tourmaline samples were investigated as potential reference materials (RMs) for boron isotope measurement by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tourmaline samples are chemically homogeneous and cover a compositional range of tourmaline supergroup minerals (primarily Fe, Mg and Li end‐members). Additionally, they have homogeneous boron delta values with intermediate precision values during SIMS analyses of less than 0.6‰ (2s). These samples were compared with four established tourmaline RMs, that is, schorl IAEA‐B‐4 and three Harvard tourmalines (schorl HS#112566, dravite HS#108796 and elbaite HS#98144). They were re‐evaluated for their major element and boron delta values using the same measurement procedure as the new tourmaline samples investigated. A discrepancy of about 1.5‰ in δ11B was found between the previously published reference values for established RMs and the values determined in this study. Significant instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of up to 8‰ in δ11B was observed for schorl–dravite–elbaite solid solutions during SIMS analysis. Using the new reference values determined in this study, the IMF of the ten tourmaline samples can be modelled by a linear combination of the chemical parameters FeO + MnO, SiO2 and F. The new tourmaline RMs, together with the four established RMs, extend the boron isotope analysis of tourmaline towards the Mg‐ and Al‐rich compositional range. Consequently, the in situ boron isotope ratio of many natural tourmalines can now be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.8‰ (2s).
Homeodomain protein DLX4 facilitates nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via up‐regulation of YB‐1
Authors: Ling Zeyi , Long Xiaoli , Li Jie , Feng Mingliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor in nasopharynx tissues and lacks effective treatment strategies. Dysregulation of distal‐less homeobox 4 (DLX4) participates in the development of tumors. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of DLX4 in NPC progression may address this issue. Here, we first identified an up‐regulation of DLX4 in NPC cell lines compared to normal epithelial cells. Data from colony formation and transwell assays showed that knockdown of DLX4 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of NPC, respectively. Moreover, DLX4 knockdown blocked the cell cycle of NPC at G1 phase, suggesting the antitumor effect of DLX4 knockdown on NPC. The downstream target of DLX4 was identified as Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), whose expression was increased by over‐expression of DLX4, while decreased by knockdown of DLX4. The binding capacity between DLX4 and YB‐1 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and the result showed that DLX4 could not directly bind to the promoter of YB‐1. Mechanically, YB‐1 over‐expression reversed the effects of DLX4 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and cell invasion of NPC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that DLX4 promoted NPC progression via up‐regulation of YB‐1, which would shed light on therapeutic schedule in NPC.
Isolated De Novo Headache as the Presenting Symptom of Listeria Meningitis: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Pérez‐Pereda Sara , González‐Quintanilla Vicente , Toriello‐Suárez María , de Malet Pintos‐Fonseca Ana , Sánchez Rodríguez Antonio , Gallo Valentín Daniel , Pascual Julio 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHeadache is a frequent symptom at the onset of Listeria meningitis, accompanied by others such as fever, altered mental status and meningeal signs, but never reported so far as an isolated symptom.Methods and ResultsTwo immunocompetent males, with no history of primary headaches, went to the emergency department because of headache. The first after a sudden severe, holocranial headache without other associated symptoms, and the second after a subacute, moderate oppressive headache in temples, which 8 days later added a mild left hemiparesis. None of them had fever or meningeal signs. The initial cranial CT was unremarkable in both cases. Lumbar puncture was diagnostic for Listeria meningitis serotype IVb.ConclusionsListeria meningitis may present as an isolated headache, with different clinical patterns, which should be taken into account when evaluating de novo unclassified headaches according to the ICHD‐3 criteria.
The histopathology of congenital haemangioma and its clinical correlations: a long‐term follow‐up study of 55 cases
Authors: El Zein Sophie , Boccara Olivia , Soupre Véronique , Vieira Andre F. , Bodemer Christine , Coulomb Aurore , Wassef Michel , Fraitag Sylvie 
Published: April 2020

AimsCongenital haemangiomas (CHs) can be subdivided into different subtypes [rapidly involuting CHs (RICHs), non‐involuting CHs (NICHs), and partially involuting CHs (PICHs)]. During the first few days of life, RICHs may be associated with transient but sometimes marked thrombocytopenia. We sought to assess the histological aspects and clinicopathological correlations of the three subtypes.Methods and resultsWe assessed the histopathological features of 10 RICHs, 25 NICHs, and 20 PICHs, described the patients’ long‐term clinical outcomes, and assessed clinicopathological correlations. All CHs were located in the dermis and hypodermis, and comprised both capillary lobules (with three distinct histopathological patterns) and extralobular large vessels. Most of the extralobular vessels were abnormal veins and abnormal lymphatic vessels. We did not observe significant correlations between the CH subtype, the histopathological pattern, and the time of the histopathological assessment. Interestingly, unexpected intralobular expression of podoplanin was found in neonatal biopsies of five RICHs and PICHs. Four of these five patients had concomitant thrombocytopenia. The podoplanin staining intensity decreased over time as the thrombocytopenia resolved and the tumour shrank.ConclusionThe histopathological features were similar in all three subtypes of CH, and were related to the time since disease onset; we consider that RICH, PICH and NICH form a single entity and differ only in their involuting potential. Along with the transient expression of intralobular podoplanin observed in some specimens from the newborn, the lobular architecture might lead to misdiagnosis of tufted haemangioma or kaposiform haemangioendothelioma.
Northward cooling of the Kuncha nappe and downward heating of the Lesser Himalayan autochthon distributed to the south of Mt. Annapurna, western central Nepal
Authors: Nakajima Toru , Sakai Harutaka , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the tectonothermal history of the Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS), which are tectonically overlain by the Higher Himalayan Crystalline. Fission‐track dating and the track length measurement of detrital zircons obtained from the Kuncha nappe and the Lesser Himalayan autochthonous sediments in western central Nepal revealed northward cooling of the nappe and possible downward heating of the autochthon by the overlying hot nappe. Nine zircon fission‐track (ZFT) ages of the nappe showed northward‐younging linear distribution from 11.6 Ma in the front at Tamghas, 6 Ma in the central at Naudanda, and 1.6 Ma in the northernmost point at Tatopani. Thermochronological invert calculation of the ZFT length elucidated that the Kuncha nappe gradually cooled down (30 °C/Myr) at the front and rapidly cooled down (120 °C/Myr) at the root zone. In contrast, the ZFT age of the Chappani Formation, located just beneath the Kuncha nappe in the central part, demonstrated a totally reset age of 6.8 Ma, whereas the Virkot Formation, structurally far from the nappe, yielded a partially reset age of 457.3 Ma. This suggests that the LHS underwent downward heating, resulting in a thermal print on the upper part of the LHS; however, the thermal effect was not sufficient to anneal ZFT totally in the deeper part. Presently, the nappe cover is eroded and denuded from this area. Detrital zircons from the Chappani Formation in Tansen area to the south of the Bari Gad Fault did not show any evidence of annealing, suggesting that nappe never covered the LHS distributed to the south of the fault.
Brexit as a Trigger and an Obstacle to Onwards and Return Migration
Authors: Sredanovic Djordje 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, using in‐depth interviews with EU27 citizens residing in the UK and Britons residing in Belgium, I analyse the role of the Brexit process as both a trigger of and an obstacle to onward and return migration. Brexit implicates a reduction in the freedom of movement and settlement for both groups and has been linked to the increase of xenophobia and potential economic instability in the UK. In this context, both EU27 citizens in the UK and Britons in Belgium can consider onward or return migrations. However, the Brexit process introduces also obstacles to such migrations, including the loss of EU freedom of movement for UK citizens and complications for transnational and citizenship‐divergent families. I argue that the realization of migration plans is mediated both by individual resources and by imaginations on the future of the UK and the EU.
Gradual and rapid shifts in the composition of assemblages of hydroids (Cnidaria) along depth and latitude in the deep Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fernandez Marina O. , Collins Allen G. , Marques Antonio C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimDespite growing knowledge on deep‐sea benthic fauna, patterns of changes in species composition combining both bathymetric and latitudinal variation are still poorly known. In the first synthesis on the beta diversity patterns of assemblages of hydroids across an entire ocean basin, our aim was to infer limits and gradients of species distribution along depth and latitude.LocationAtlantic Ocean and adjacent polar seas.TaxonHydrozoa.MethodsHydroids from 50 to 5,330 m deep were studied primarily based on museum collections. Identifications were made by the authors, improving uniformity within the dataset by avoiding variations in taxonomic interpretation. Data totalled 3,699 records belonging to 432 species, at 1,444 unique sites. Records were assigned to three depth strata (50–200, 201–1,000 and 1,001–5,330 m) and eight latitudinal bands of 20° each, totalling 24 sample areas. We conducted non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination, clustering and PERMANOVA analyses of species compositions and abundances per area to examine differences and relationships in hydroid assemblages among areas.ResultsAssemblages primarily differentiate between those to the north and south of 40°S, regardless of depth, with southern ones separated between Patagonian and Antarctic. Northwards of 40°S, assemblages differentiate gradually along both depth and latitude, although a faunal turnover occurs at 1,000 m deep. Also, assemblages at 1,001–5,330 m deep tend to be more similar to each other than assemblages at shallower strata, suggesting significant connectivity over great distances in the deep sea. We note the problem of largely unequal hydroid sampling in the Atlantic Ocean across depths and latitudes, especially in the southern hemisphere and below 1,000 m deep.Main ConclusionsAssemblages of hydroids differentiate gradually along latitude and depth, with more rapid shifts in species composition occurring at 40°S, 60°S and at 1,000 m deep. Greater similarity was found among deeper water assemblages.
Novel Doppler‐guided subxyphoid approach to avoid coronary artery damage during left ventricular epicardial lead placement or ablation
Authors: Fisher John D. , Lentz Linnea , Asleson Andrea , McVenes Rick , Yang Zhongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubxyphoid active left ventricular epicardial (LVE) lead implants or VT ablation are attractive but remain a challenge due to concerns of coronary artery damage. We aimed to see if Doppler‐guided positioning could permit safe LVE lead placement without coronary angiography. We evaluated the feasibility of a Doppler flow‐guided subxyphoid epicardial screw‐in lead fixation in a swine model.MethodsAcute subxyphoid access to the pericardial space was performed in an anesthetized swine model using a deflectable sheath and a modified needle‐derived Doppler flow meter. The audio signal and visual display from the Doppler flow meter were recorded. Coronary angiography was performed to verify the catheter location. A SelectSecure Model 3830 lead (Medtronic) was used to assess pacing in the procedure.ResultsIn both of two swine, the deflectable catheter was inserted into pericardial space via subxyphoid access. The tip of the deflectable catheter with the Doppler was directed to several locations, from quiet (no nearby coronary artery expected) to typical rhythmic pulsatile sound locations which were maximal when superimposed on a coronary artery. Repeated coronary angiograms confirmed the expected findings. A 3830 active lead was fixed into a quiet location for LVE pacing, and confirmed by angiography as distant from a coronary artery.ConclusionsDoppler‐guided subxyphoid epicardial screw‐in lead placement is feasible once the catheter tip is directed and stabilized in a desired LVE location. This obviates the need for repeated (or any) coronary angiography. The Doppler‐guided subxyphoid epicardial procedure may also be applicable for epicardial ventricular arrhythmia ablation procedures.
The association of hypertension, hypertension duration, and control with incident heart failure in black and white adults
Authors: Mefford Matthew T. , Goyal Parag , Howard George , Durant Raegan W. , Dunlap Nancy E. , Safford Monika M. , Muntner Paul , Levitan Emily B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAssociations between hypertension and some cardiovascular diseases are stronger in black vs white adults. We examined associations of hypertension, hypertension duration, and control with incident heart failure (HF) in black and white REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study participants (n = 25 770) who were followed for incident HF hospitalization (n = 947) from enrollment in 2003‐2007 through 2015. Hypertension was defined, using updated US guidelines, as systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use. Duration was assessed at baseline, and control was defined as treated BP < 130/80 mm Hg. Compared with no hypertension, hypertension was associated with higher risk of incident HF (HRwhites 1.90 [95% CI 1.49, 2.41], HRblacks 2.36 [95% CI 1.53, 3.65]), HF with preserved ejection fraction (HRwhites 2.01 [95% CI 1.34, 3.01], HRblacks 2.70 [95% CI 1.25, 2.53]), and HF with reduced/mid‐range ejection fraction (HRwhites 1.69 [95% CI 1.23, 2.33], HRblacks 2.29 [95% CI 1.26, 4.15]). Hypertension duration <10 years and ≥10 years were associated with higher risk for incident HF compared with no hypertension. Although risk of incident HF was highest among participants with uncontrolled BP, even controlled BP vs no hypertension was associated with increased risk of HF (HRwhites 1.93 [95% CI 1.44, 2.58], HRblacks 2.01 [95% CI 1.22, 3.29]). Interactions with race were not statistically significant. The risk of HF associated with hypertension, even with shorter duration or controlled BP, suggests that both prevention and therapeutic management of hypertension are important in reducing HF risk.
MicroRNA regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia
Authors: Yin Jiayu , Qian Zhiyuan , Chen Yuqi , Li Yi , Zhou Xiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is an age‐related disease characterized by disturbed homeostasis of skeletal muscle, leading to a decline in muscle mass and function. Loss of muscle mass and strength leads to falls and fracture, and is often accompanied by other geriatric diseases, including osteoporosis, frailty and cachexia, resulting in a general decrease in quality of life and an increase in mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia are still not completely understood, there has been a marked improvement in the understanding of the pathophysiological changes leading to sarcopenia in recent years. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), especially, has been clearer in skeletal muscle development and homeostasis. miRNAs form part of a gene regulatory network and have numerous activities in many biological processes. Intervention based on miRNAs may develop into an innovative treatment strategy to conquer sarcopenia. This review is divided into three sections: firstly, the latest understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is summarized; secondly, increasing evidence for the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of muscle quantity or quality and muscle homeostasis is highlighted; and thirdly, the possibilities and limitations of miRNAs as a treatment for sarcopenia are explored.
Progress in the application of organoids to breast cancer research
Authors: Yang Liping , Liu Baoer , Chen Haodong , Gao Rui , Huang Kanghua , Guo Qiuyi , Li Feng , Chen Weicai , He Jinsong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Breast cancer research is currently based mainly on animal models and traditional cell culture. However, the inherent species gap between humans and animals, as well as differences in organization between organs and cells, limits research advances. The breast cancer organoid can reproduce many of the key features of human breast cancer, thereby providing a new platform for investigating the mechanisms underlying the development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer. The application of organoid technology can also promote drug discovery and the design of individualized treatment strategies. Here, we discuss the latest advances in the use of organoid technology for breast cancer research.
Metformin suppresses proliferation and invasion of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells by activation of the Hippo pathway
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Juan , Chen He , Wang Ruiqi , Li Pingping , Miao Yi , Liu Peijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrug resistance limits the clinical efficacy of breast cancer therapies, and overexpression or activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is common in drug‐resistant cancer cells. Thus, inhibition of YAP may reduce resistance to anti‐cancer drugs. Metformin (MET), a first‐line diabetes medication that also has anti‐tumour activities, induces AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), directly phosphorylates YAP and inhibits YAP transcriptional activity. In this study, we determined the effect of MET on the proliferation and invasion of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells and then investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that MET suppressed breast cancer by an AMPK‐independent pathway to decrease YAP nuclear localization. In drug‐sensitive cells, MET activated the Hippo pathway by increasing KIBRA and FRMD6 expression, but this did not occur in drug‐resistant cells. Scribble (SCRIB), a cell polarity protein, was notably down‐regulated in tamoxifen‐ and paclitaxel‐resistant breast cancer cells relative to sensitive cells. We also found that MET suppressed the proliferation and invasion of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells by increasing the expression and cell membrane localization of SCRIB, which enhanced the interaction of SCRIB with MST1 and LATS1, and inhibited YAP nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of circular RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Jin‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Cao Yi‐Zhi , Zhou Xiao , Gu Jian , Mu Xiao‐Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumour, which has posed a heavy health and financial burden worldwide. Due to limited symptoms at the early stage and the limitation in current biomarkers, HCC patients are usually diagnosed at the advanced stage with a pessimistic overall survival rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of single‐stranded RNAs characterized by a covalently closed loop structure without 3’‐ or 5’‐end. With advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics, accumulating studies have demonstrated the promotor or suppressor roles of circRNAs in the carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, circRNAs are characteristic of higher abundance, stability and conservation compared with linear RNAs. Therefore, circRNAs have emerged as one of the most promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC with reliable accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we briefly introduce the characteristics of circRNAs and summarize the roles of circRNAs in the biological procedures of HCC. Furthermore, we provide an overview on the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of circRNAs as biomarkers for patients with HCC. Finally, we discuss future perspectives of circRNAs in cancer research.