bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, Treatment, Follow-up, and Persistence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women 45 Years and Older According to HIV Status: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Lazenby Gweneth B. , Hill Allyson , Tarleton Jessica , Soper David 
Published: March 2020

Background

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common treatable sexually transmitted infection among older women. Persistent T. vaginalis infection after treatment is common among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to determine if HIV-negative women were as likely as women with HIV to have persistent T. vaginalis infection.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of women 45 years or older with T. vaginalis infection. We evaluated differences in persistent T. vaginalis infection according to HIV status using χ2 analysis. We performed regression analyses to describe factors associated with persistent and recurrent infection in older women.

Results
Over a 10-year study period, we identified 282 women with T. vaginalis, 46 with HIV. Most women (240, 86%) were treated in accordance with 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases treatment guidelines. Half of the women (144, 53%) had a repeat T. vaginalis test 90 to 365 days after treatment, and one third had persistent infection (39/125, 31%). Persistent infection was similar between women with HIV and HIV-negative women treated according to Centers for Disease Control recommendations (17% vs 33%, P = 0.3). When adjusting for age and incidental diagnosis, tobacco use was associated with an increased risk of more than 1 or recurrent T. vaginalis infection during the study period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–4.9).

Conclusions
The HIV status did not affect persistent T. vaginalis infection in women 45 years or older. Given over one third of women have a positive test within a year after the recommended treatment, our data support repeat testing in women 45 years and older treated for T. vaginalis.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in a Pediatric ED
Authors: Mancheno Christina , Aumaier Brenna , Murray Ashlee 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern and impacts the entire family unit, particularly children. We implemented an IPV screening and referral program in an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) and aimed to screen 30% of patient families for IPV by January 1, 2017.

Methods
We used a quality improvement initiative using a nonverbal screening card to screen families when the caregiver was the sole adult present and spoke English and/or Spanish, and the patient was medically stable. Interventions included education, culture of screening initiatives, feedback, and process changes to emergency medical record (EMR) documentation. The primary outcome measure was percentage of caregivers screened in the ED over time. Our balancing measure was ED length of stay.

Results
After process improvement implementations that include requiring IPV screen documentation in the EMR, using Research Electronic Data Capture for referrals, and standardizing and simplifying the screening process, caregiver screening rates increased to 30% and have remained consistently at or above that rate during the 15-month postevaluation phase. This intervention did not impact length of stay in the ED.

Conclusions
An innovative multiphase quality improvement approach to screen for IPV using a nonverbal screening card and technology within the EMR was successfully implemented in our pediatric ED. Both IPV screening and documentation rates demonstrated greatest improvement and sustainability after process improvements over other initiatives.
Photo-Based Range-of-Motion Measurement: Reliability and Concurrent Validity in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Johansen Mette , Haslund-Thomsen Helle , Kristensen Jeanette , Skou Søren Thorgaard 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:To investigate intrarater and interrater reliability, agreement, and concurrent validity of a smartphone photography-based application compared with a universal goniometer in children with cerebral palsy.Methods:Range of motion of hip abduction, popliteal angle, and ankle dorsiflexion was measured with a universal goniometer and a photography-based application in children with cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V.A 2-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots, standard error of measurement, and smallest detectable change were used for analyses.Results:The application had good to excellent reliability and concurrent validity compared with a universal goniometer, while the large measurement error of both methods suggests that changes of 10° to 23° are needed to be certain that changes over time are not results of measurement error.Conclusions:A photography-based goniometer can be a reliable and valid tool when measuring range of motion in children with cerebral palsy.
Obesity and the Brain: Another Brain-Body Versus Body-Brain Conundrum
Authors: Haley Andreana P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Midlife obesity has been associated with poor cognitive functioning in older age, but the bidirectional pathways linking the brain and excessive adipose tissue require further research. In this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, two investigations address the brain responses to food-related cues and psychological stressors relevant to obesity. Moazzami and colleagues document the relationship between abdominal obesity and brain responses to stress among patients with coronary artery disease and find that stress-related brain activity plays a potentially important role in the link between psychological distress, food cravings, and eating patterns relevant to obesity. Donofry and colleagues compare food cue–evoked functional connectivity in adults with obesity and report that brain areas involved in impaired self-regulation and reward processing may increase the risk of obesity by influencing decisions regarding diet and exercise. In this editorial, these findings are discussed in the context of brain-obesity interactions and the need for personalized multidisciplinary interventions for obesity. It is possible that functional magnetic resonance imaging and other indices of brain functioning will be useful in tailoring interventions that target weight reduction and/or cognitive functioning and monitoring treatment progress.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Intestine Mimicking Lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xue Qianqian , Miao Weibing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 45-year-old man with suspected colonic malignancy was referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. PET/CT images showed segmental increased FDG uptake along the intestine with thickening of colonic wall, where no mass was obviously seen. Subsequently, left hemicolectomy and resection of partial small intestine were done. Histopathology of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor involving colon and small intestine. No recurrence was detected on follow-up CT images after 6 months. Although most of the previously reported intestinal inflammatory pseudotumor manifested as a mass, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of FDG-avid segmental intestinal wall thickening.
Solitary Penile Metastasis of Prostate Cancer on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Imaging in a Patient With PSA of 1 ng/mL
Authors: Salavati Ali , Schik Allyssa N. , Koksel Yasemin , Gencturk Mehmet , Froelich Jerry W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An 85-year-old asymptomatic man with suspected biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer underwent an 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT scan, which revealed a solitary suspicious tracer uptake in the dorsal right corporal body of the proximal pendulous penis. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the penile lesion, which revealed metastatic prostate cancer. The patient had definitive external beam radiation therapy 3 years before the examination. At the time of scan, the prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) was only 1.0 ng/mL, although the PSA doubling time was 2.6 months. It is unusual to detect a solitary penile metastasis in a patient with a low level of PSA.
A New Cartilage-Sparing Procedure for Correction of the Prominent Ear Deformity
Authors: Mutaf Mehmet , Temel Metin 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAlthough the literature is replete with surgical techniques described for correction of the prominent ears, new techniques are still needed to minimize the recurrence rates and postoperative complications.ObjectiveHere, the author presents a new and simple otoplasty procedure, namely, the dermal anchor technique (DAT), in which a wide planar adhesion between the opposing dermal surfaces of the deepithelized antihelical groove is used as a biological anchor for long-term maintenance of the antihelical fold without any cartilage manipulation.Materials and MethodsFor 12 years, this new procedure was used for correction of 76 prominent ears in 44 patients, with 17 being female and 27 being male. The ages of the patients ranged from 5 to 37 years. In 28 patients, the DAT was combined with conchal excision and/or concha-mastoid sutures as required, whereas it was used alone in the remaining 16 patients. The preoperative and postoperative distance between the ear and the head was measured at 4 points (superior helical point, superior conchal attachment, inferior conchal attachment, and lobules).ResultsAll patients healed uneventfully. Except mild edema and pain, there was no postoperative problem. The mean follow-up time was 4½ years (4 months–10 years). During this time, there was no patient with surface irregularities and/or suture-related complications. Two patients required revision because of unilateral lateralization of the upper pole by time (recurrence rate, 2.63%). When the preoperative and postoperative superior helical point, superior conchal attachment, inferior conchal attachment, and lobule measurements for both ears of the patients who were operated on were compared, postoperative values were determined to be significantly decreased (P< 0.001).ConclusionsThe DAT provides predictable and aesthetically satisfactory long-lasting results with a minimal risk of complications. Because it does not harm the cartilage tissue, it avoids the potential problems resulted from cartilage manipulations such as surface irregularities and chondritis. Covering the suture knots with a thick soft tissue layer, it eliminates the suture-related complications. Moreover, it offers a direct approach and does not require anterior dissection. Thus, it requires a shorter operative time, minimizes the risk of anterior skin necrosis and hematoma, and causes less postoperative pain, edema, and ecchymosis.
Concentrations of Serum Cyclophilin A in Patients With Bell Palsy
Authors: Demir Berat , Kersin Burak , Gojayeva Farida , Arman Ahmet , Binnetoglu Adem 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is the responder protein to stimuli that cause inflammation. To date, no association among CyPA and Bell palsy has been reported.

Methods:
The concentrations of Serum CyPA were measured in 90 healthy participants and 92 patients with Bell palsy. Serum samples of patients and the control group were compared on the basis of CyPA levels. Facial latency and amplitude values on electromyography were evaluated and compared with serum CyPA concentrations.

Results:
A total of 28, 37, 19, and 8 patients had grade 3, 4, 5, and 6 facial palsy cases, respectively. Comparing the control group and the patient group showed significant differences in CyPA values (P < 0.001). Cyclophilin A value can be evaluated as a marker with high disease discrimination capability. The results also showed that at low CyPA, the average recovery time was shorter than that of high CyPA (41.6 ± 5.7 days vs 62.8 ± 10.2 days, P = 0.036). We found no statistically significant relationship between electromyography parameters and CyPA level. (Facial latency: r: −0.014, P: 0.948; facial amplitude r: −0.081, P: 0.713).

Conclusion:
Serum CyPA concentrations increased in response to inflammation in Bell palsy patients. However, CyPA could not be used as an early prognostic marker in Bell palsy, low CyPA indicates the shorter average recovery time than that of high CyPA.
Factors Associated With Residual Kidney Function and Proteinuria After Living Kidney Donation in the United States
Authors: Augustine Joshua J. , Arrigain Susana , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Schold Jesse D. , Poggio Emilio D. 
Published: March 2020

Background.
Living kidney donors are carefully screened, but despite overall good health, long-term donor outcomes have been shown to vary by predonation demographics. Since 2013, the United Network for Organ Sharing has mandated 2-year postdonation follow-up with measurements of kidney function and proteinuria.

Methods.
Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we sought to analyze donor factors associated with the percent change of kidney function from baseline (predonation) to 2-year postdonation, along with incidence of proteinuria reported within the same follow-up period.

Results.
Older donor age, male gender, black race, and body mass index >25 kg/m2 were independently associated with a greater percent decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Male gender, black race, and higher body mass index were also independently associated with incident proteinuria. In contrast, younger donor age was associated with proteinuria, but proteinuria did not correlate with greater decline in eGFR in the overall cohort.

Conclusions.
Donor factors associated with lower eGFR at 2-year postdonation were similar to those previously found to be associated with long-term risk for end-stage renal disease. Early postdonation assessment of kidney function and proteinuria may help to identify donors who are at greater risk of end-stage renal disease and who may benefit from more intense long-term monitoring.
The Impact of Inadequate (“AX”) Transbronchial Biopsies on Post–lung Transplant CLAD or Death
Authors: Levy Liran , Huszti Ella , Pal Prodipto , Tikkanen Jussi , Ghany Rasheed , Keshavjee Shaf , Martinu Tereza , Singer Lianne G. 
Published: March 2020

Background.
Procuring a good quality transbronchial-biopsy sample is essential for diagnosing acute cellular rejection after lung transplantation (LT). Insufficient transbronchial-biopsy samples are graded “AX.” We hypothesized that AX samples may be associated with a higher risk for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) or death/retransplant, through a potential anatomic or physiologic underlying pulmonary process or because of undiagnosed acute cellular rejection episodes.

Methods.
We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study drawn from all consecutive adult, first, bilateral LT between 1999 and 2015. We reviewed all biopsies obtained within the first year posttransplant and compared outcomes of patients with ≥1 AX to patients with no AX. Association of any AX or percent AX with time to CLAD or death/retransplant was assessed using Cox Proportional Hazards models.

Results.
The cohort consisted of 809 patients with a median of 6 (interquartile range 5–6) biopsies and 16.7% (interquartile range 0–25) AX samples within the first year posttransplant. Four hundred thirty-nine (54.3%) subjects had ≥1 AX sample obtained within the time period. Median time to CLAD or death/retransplant, from 1 year posttransplant, was 761 (320, 1587) and 1200 (662, 2308) days, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, there was no difference in risk for CLAD (hazard ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.28, P = 0.60), or death/retransplant (hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.42, P = 0.24) between patients with ≥1 AX biopsy versus none. Among subjects with ≥1 AX, having >50% AX biopsies was not associated with outcome.

Conclusions.
This is the first study to demonstrate that AX biopsies are not associated with an increased risk of CLAD or death/retransplant after LT and may not require to repeat the biopsy.
Metformin Preconditioning Improves Hepatobiliary Function and Reduces Injury in a Rat Model of Normothermic Machine Perfusion and Orthotopic Transplantation
Authors: Westerkamp Andrie C. , Fujiyoshi Masato , Ottens Petra J. , Nijsten Maarten W.N. , Touw Daan J. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Lisman Ton , Leuvenink Henri G.D. , Moshage Han , Berendsen Tim A. , Porte Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

Background.
Preconditioning of donor livers before organ retrieval may improve organ quality after transplantation. We investigated whether preconditioning with metformin reduces preservation injury and improves hepatobiliary function in rat donor livers during ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) and after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Methods.
Lewis rats were administered metformin via oral gavage, after which a donor hepatectomy was performed followed by a standardized cold storage period of 4 hours. Graft assessment was performed using NMP via double perfusion of the hepatic artery and portal vein. In an additional experiment, rat donor livers preconditioned with metformin were stored on ice for 4 hours and transplanted to confirm postoperative liver function and survival. Data were analyzed and compared with sham-fed controls.

Results.
Graft assessment using NMP confirmed that preconditioning significantly improved ATP production, markers for hepatobiliary function (total bile production, biliary bilirubin, and bicarbonate), and significantly lowered levels of lactate, glucose, and apoptosis. After orthotopic liver transplantation, metformin preconditioning significantly reduced transaminase levels.

Conclusions.
Preconditioning with metformin lowers hepatobiliary injury and improves hepatobiliary function in an in situ and ex situ model of rat donor liver transplantation.
Does Preoperative Ostomy Education Decrease Anxiety in the New Ostomy Patient? A Quantitative Comparison Cohort Study
Authors: Harris Michelle S. , Kelly Katherine , Parise Carol 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine if patients undergoing presurgical ostomy education and routine postoperative education experienced less postsurgical anxiety than patients undergoing routine preoperative education.

DESIGN:
Quantitative, prospective, comparison cohort study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 30 participants divided into 2 groups; one group received preoperative ostomy education and stoma site marking, along with postoperative ostomy education, while the other received only postoperative ostomy education. Each group had an equal number of males (n = 11) and females (n = 4). The mean age for the groups was 65.27 (SD = 9.97) and 61.87 (SD = 17.56) years, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The intervention group included 9 patients who underwent colostomy, 4 who underwent ileostomy, and 2 who underwent urostomy. The comparison group comprised 10 patients with colostomies, 4 with ileostomies, and 1 with a urostomy. The study setting was a 385-bed tertiary hospital in Northern California. Data collection occurred from November 2, 2018, to February 22, 2019.

METHODS:
Postoperative anxiety levels were evaluated in both groups during their postoperative ostomy education session. Anxiety level was measured using the anxiety domain of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS), which was administered during their postoperative educational session. Analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between the HADS anxiety domain scores between the groups.

RESULTS:
Patients who received preoperative ostomy education had statistically significant lower postsurgical anxiety scores than patients who had standard education (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings suggest that preoperative ostomy education, when offered in addition to routine preoperative education, significantly lowers anxiety when compared to patients managed by routine preoperative education alone.
Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for COVID-19 using age-adjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship
Authors: Russell Timothy W , Hellewell Joel , Jarvis Christopher I , Van Zandvoort Kevin , Abbott Sam , Ratnayake Ruwan ,   CMMID COVID-19 working group, Flasche Stefan , Eggo Rosalind M , Edmunds W John , Kucharski Adam J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdjusting for delay from confirmation-to-death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.3% (0.75%–5.3%) and 1.2% (0.38–2.7%). Comparing deaths onboard with expected deaths based on naive CFR estimates using China data, we estimate IFR and CFR in China to be 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2–1.2%) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.3–2.4%) respectively.AimTo estimate the infection and case fatality ratio of COVID-19, using data from passengers of the Diamond Princess cruise ship while correcting for delays between confirmation-and-death, and age-structure of the population.
A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Wanbing , Zheng Yaqiong , Jiang Xiaojing , Kou Guomei , Ding Jinya , Wang Qiongshu , Huang Qianchuan , Ding Yinjuan , Ni Wenxu , Wu Wanlei , Tang Shi , Tan Li , Hu Zhenhong , Xu Weitian , Zhang Yong , Zhang Bo , Tang Zhongzhi , Zhang Xinhua , Li Honghua , Rao Zhiguo , Jiang Hui , Ren Xingfeng , Wang Shengdian , Zheng Shangen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of the recently emerged novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a challenge for public health laboratories. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serological assay for SARS-CoV-2.MethodsA newly-developed ELISA assay for IgM and IgG antibodies against N protein of SARS-CoV-2 were used to screen the serums of 238 admitted hospital patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 6 to February 14, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by real time RT-PCR on pharyngeal swab specimens.FindingsOf the 238 patients, 194 (81.5%) were detected to be antibody (IgM and/or IgG) positive, which was significantly higher than the positive rate of viral RNA (64.3%). There was no difference in the positive rate of antibody between the confirmed patients (83.0%, 127/153) and the suspected patients (78.8%, 67/85) whose nucleic acid tests were negative. After the patients were defined to the different stages of disease based on the day when the test samples were collected, the analysis results showed that the antibody positive rates were very low in the first five days after initial onset of symptoms, and then rapidly increased as the disease progressed. After 10 days, the antibody positive rates jumped to above 80% from less than 50%. On the contrary, the positive rates of viral RNA kept above 60% in the first 11 days after initial onset of symptoms, and then rapidly decreased. In addition, half of the suspected patients with symptoms for 6-10 days were detected to be antibody positive.InterpretationThe suspected patients were most likely infected by SARS-CoV-2. Before the 11th day after initial onset of symptoms, nucleic acid test is important for confirmation of viral infection. The combination of serological assay can greatly improve the diagnostic efficacy. After that, the diagnosis for viral infection should be majorly dependent on serological assay.