bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI HOLDING TIME DAN MEDIA PENDINGIN TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO BAJA SUS 630 METODE HARDENING
Authors: Herizen Dwi , Siswanto Rudi 
Published: September 2020

SUS 630 memiliki kekerasan 30,9 HRC dan kandungan Chromium 12% berdasarkan pemakaiannya di PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur merekomendasikan kekerasan sebesar 55 HRC, untuk meningkatkan kekerasan material dapat dilakukan dengan teknik material engineering yaitu Hardening. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu tahan dan media pendingin terhadap kekerasan dan mikrostruktur baja sus 630. Proses pengerasan dilakukan hingga mencapai suhu 1020 0C kemudian waktu tahan dengan variasi 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 menit kemudian dicelupkan ke dalam air, air garam, dan minyak sampai suhu kamar. Struktur mikro diuji menggunakan mikroskop optik dengan perbesaran 400x dan kekerasan menggunakan kekerasan Rockwell C dengan beban 150 kg. Pengamatan struktur mikro setelah pengerasan struktur yang terbentuk adalah bilah martenstie, sisa austenit, dan karbida logam. Hasil uji kekerasan tertinggi pada media pendingin air (34,2 HRC), air asin (34,2 HRC), dan minyak (34,1 HRC) dan bahan baku (30,9 HRC). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pengerasan dapat meningkatkan nilai kekerasan. SUS 630 Steel hardness is 30.9 HRC and Chromium content is 12%, based on its use at PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur recommended a hardness of 55 HRC, to increase material hardness can be done by means of material engineering, namely Hardening. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of variations in holding time and cooling media on the hardness and microstructure of steel sus 630. The hardening process was carried out to reach 1020 0C then holding time with variations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes then dipped into water , salt water, and oil to room temperature. Microstructure was tested using an optical microscope with 400x magnification and hardness using Rockwell C hardness with a load of 150 kg. The observation of the microstructure after hardening of the structure formed is the martenstie lath, residual austenite, and metal carbide. The hardness test results were highest in water cooling media (34.2 HRC), salt water (34.2 HRC), and oil (34.1 HRC) and raw material (30.9 HRC). From this study it can be concluded that the hardening process can increase the value of violence.
PENENTUAN PARAMETER PROSES PEMBUBUTAN TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN MATERIAL ST 42 DENGAN METODE TAGUCHI
Authors: Mansyursyah Ismail , Tamjidillah Mastiadi 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan pada proses permesinan bubut konvensional dengan material ST 42 dan mengetahui parameter apa saja yang menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan yang baik dengan menggunakan metode Taguchi. Berdasarkan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka diketahui tidak ada parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan material baja ST 42. Parameter yang menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan material baja ST 42 yang paling baik adalah jenis mata pahat JCK dengan feeding 0,115 dan kehalusan 3,42 µm. This study aims to determine which parameters affect the surface roughness of the conventional lathe machining process with ST 42 material and to find out which parameters produce good surface roughness using the Taguchi method. Based on the research that has been done, it is known that there are no parameters that affect the surface roughness of the ST 42 steel material. The parameter that produces the best surface roughness of ST 42 steel material is the type of JCK tool blade with a feeding of 0.115 and a smoothness of 3.42 µm.
Company Integrates Offshore Windfarm Into Subsea Field Development
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30721, “Floating Offshore Windfarm Integrated Into Subsea Field Development: Case Study of the Saipem Windstream Concept,” by Benjamin Mauries, Giorgio Arcangeletti, SPE, and Christophe Colmard, Saipem, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Operators are moving active production and injection equipment onto the seabed with the aim of reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) or topside space requirements. Moreover, they want to minimize new production floating facilities. Given this scenario, overall electric power needs may become an issue because of the extra power demand caused by the increasing number of electric consumers placed subsea. The complete paper discusses a floating wind-turbine solution that is particularly cost-competitive for deepwater locations and that can unlock the possibility of deploying large wind-powered generators far from the coastline in deep water.
Introduction
Saipem launched an initiative aimed at finding a solution for management of subsea field power demand bearing in mind two primary considerations:
Minimize CAPEX by reducing the distance between the subsea-field production location and the topside equipment supporting this production
Decarbonize the field by adopting a renewable energy source
Concept Background and Potential Application
The operator has developed a floating substructure technology for offshore wind farms known as HexaFloat. This concept uses a minimal floating hexagonal tubular substructure supporting wind-turbine tower and providing necessary floatability. The substructure is connected by tendons to a basket counterweight filled with solid ballast providing stability with pendulum-restoring forces. The assembly of the basket and the substructure behaves as a rigid body if all tendons are loaded.
This assembly provides flotation with excellent stability thanks to the distance between the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy. Because this stability is provided by weight, large hydrostatic stiffness is unnecessary. As a result, only the central cylinder is exposed to the wave energy. The whole floating system can be anchored with three to six low-tension mooring lines, depending on environmental conditions.
The Future of Floating Production Systems
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: September 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper OTC 30715, “Floating Production Systems: What’s Next?” by William Judson Turner, SPE, Welligence Energy Analytics, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The complete paper provides insight on the commercial drivers that significantly changed floating-production-system (FPS) design philosophy after 2014, with a particular focus on the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The paper explores near-term and longer-term outlooks for FPS design, touching on technology and automation that can relocate staff onshore to increase safety, reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX), and increase return on investment (ROI). The authors note that the commercial analyses presented in the paper are indicative and are subject to revision.
Introduction
The drastic fall of oil prices in late 2014 forced a harsh but necessary overhaul to the design philosophy of deepwater projects. Bigger was no longer better; the industry set to work using methods such as lean design and standardization for commercial improvement. Through a slow recovery in commodity prices and a steady persistence in innovating and implementing improvements, the deepwater sector made significant strides in commercial and operational efficiency.
This overhaul was a rough 4-year journey as investment capital, and even some operators, retreated from deep water for lower-cost and faster-cycle onshore projects - at least, that was the perception at the time. Deep-water projects were delayed or canceled, and the industry saw consolidation among operators and the service sector. While the period may have been uncomfortable, it was a much-needed turnaround for an industry with average breakeven costs at $70 per barrel. The rework resulted in an industry fit to compete with onshore production, with breakeven costs reduced by half in some cases.
Technology Focus: Oilfield Chemistry (September 2020)
Authors: Wylde Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

Anyone who works in the oil and gas industry is aware of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. This is a highly toxic gas that gives rise to “sour” production. H2S is highly corrosive to many common materials used by the industry (e.g., mild steels), and there often are strict fiscal and technical limits placed on upstream oil and gas producers by the midstream and downstream operators.
The origin of H2S can be authigenic (i.e., occurs in-situ and naturally in the reservoir, related to the biological origin of the organic matter that produces the crude oil and gas), or it can be caused by biological processes and the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., during seawater flooding and contamination of the reservoir).
The concentration range of H2S that occurs can vary from a few parts per million (ppm) to many tens of percent of the raw gas production. The range of concentrations that may be treated economically by chemical H2S scavengers is typically up to 5,000 ppm (0.5%). Higher concentrations may be treated by other means such as amine recycling unit sequestering systems.
The industry has relied upon the triazine family of chemistry for several decades as the mainstay scavenger for H2S (originally patented in the 1990s), and the understanding of the application parameters and reaction byproducts has grown over the years. There is, however, still much to understand, and, even recently, several significant advancements have occurred, many focusing on some of the understood challenges of using triazine chemistry. The featured papers and suggested further reading summarize the current SPE literature state of the art for H2S scavenger research and development and have been selected to give readers a broad indication from both academia and industry around the world.
JUNTS framework for creating web apps to bridge the gap in doctor-patient communication: the case of COMjuntos application in the field of rare diseases
Authors: Bagò Rosa Estopà i , Ruiz Manuel Armayones 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background.The diagnosis or even the suspicion of a disease on their children has an emotional impact on their parents and generates a need to acquire relevant knowledge and skills in a short period of time. For a range of motives, these parents will sometimes face communicative and cognitive barriers in their communication with the professionals that care for their children. These barriers can have a negative effect on knowledge acquisition, treatment adherence and, more generally, affect their relationship with clinicians. To overcome these barriers, we developed JUNTS framework following three steps: carrying out 10 semi-structured interviews with parents of child’s affected by a rare disease. Secondly, we carried out interviews with health professionals and patient’s organization staff. The third and last steep was to organize a meeting of the whole research team and patient’s association staff of Spanish Federation of Rare Disease and list a set of design trends that could help parents to solve the main communicational and linguistic barriers.Results.The JUNTS Framework presented here helps parents manage the communicative situations they find themselves in the relationship with health professionals, by exploiting a polyphonic design that includes different levels of involvement. One of the characteristics that makes this approach particularly unique is that parents and representatives of patient-support associations work jointly with health professionals, psychologists and language experts in designing the contents of a parents-support application. The Framework exploits a modular structure centred around a series of short challenges with different types of user involvement (visual, textual and hypertextual). For optimal adherence and to ensure patients complete the whole route through the support material, elements of persuasive design have been integrated.Conclusions.In this paper, we outline how the JUNTS framework has been designed and used to develop the web app COMjuntos based in JUNTS framework. This web app facilitates medical communication and has been specifically designed to help parents who have a child with a rare disease empower themselves in the main communicative situations with health professionals. The JUNTS framework can be adapted to any other type of chronic disease or condition.
Genome-wide Identification of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter and Heavy Metal Associated (HMA) Gene Families in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Khan Nadeem , You Frank , Datla Raju , Ravichandhran Sridhar , Jia Bosen , Cloutier Sylvie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe recent release of the reference genome sequence assembly of flax, a self-pollinated crop with 15 chromosome pairs, into chromosome-scale pseudomolecules enables the characterization of gene families. The ABC transporter and HMA gene families are important in the control of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops. To date, the genome-wide analysis of these two gene families has been successfully conducted in some plant species, but no systematic evolutionary analysis is available for the flax genome. ResultsHere we describe the ABC transporter and HMA gene families in flax to provide a comprehensive overview of its evolution and some support towards the functional annotation of its members. The 198 ABC transporter and 12 HMA genes identified in the flax genome were classified into eight ABC transporter and four HMA subfamilies based on their phylogenetic analysis and domains’ composition. Nine of these genes, i.e., LuABCC9, LuABCC10, LuABCG58, LuABCG59, LuABCG71, LuABCG72, LuABCG73, LuHMA3, and LuHMA4, were orthologous with the Cd associated genes in Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Ten motifs were identified from all ABC transporter and HMA genes. Also, several motifs were conserved among genes of similar length, but subfamilies each had their own motif structures. Both the ABC transporter and HMA gene families were highly conserved among subfamilies of flax and with those of Arabidopsis. While four types of gene duplication were observed at different frequencies, whole-genome or segmental duplications were the most frequent with 162 genes, followed by 29 dispersed, 14 tandem and 4 proximal duplications, suggesting that segmental duplications contributed the most to the expansion of both gene families in flax. The rates of non-synonymous to synonymous (Ka/Ks) mutations of paired duplicated genes were for the most part lower than one, indicative of a predominant purifying selection. Only five pairs of genes clearly exhibited positive selection with a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one. Gene ontology analyses suggested that most flax ABC transporter and HMA genes had a role in ATP binding, transport, catalytic activity, ATPase activity, and metal ion binding. The RNA-Seq analysis of eight different organs demonstrated diversified expression profiling patterns of the genes and revealed their functional or sub-functional conservation and neo-functionalization. ConclusionCharacterization of the ABC transporter and HMA gene families will help in the functional analysis of candidate genes in flax and other crop species.
Evaluation of image quality at the detector’s edge of dedicated breast positron emission tomography
Authors: Satoh Yoko , Motosugi Utaroh , Imai Masamichi , Omiya Yoshie , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) scanner (Elmamo, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) has received approval from the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and is commercially available in Japan. We assessed image quality of dbPET at the detector's edge, where the mammary glands near the chest wall are located in phantom and clinical studies.Methods: A breast phantom with four spheres (16, 10, 7.5, and 5 mm diameter) was filled with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose solution (sphere-to-background ratio, 8:1). The spheres occupied five different positions from the top edge to the centre of the detector and were scanned for 5 min in each position. Reconstructed images were visually evaluated, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) for the 5-mm sphere, and coefficient of variation of the background (CVB) were calculated. Subsequently, clinical images obtained with standard spine PET/CT and prone dbPET were retrospectively analysed. Tumour-to-background ratios (TBRs) between breast cancer near the chest wall (close to the detector’s edge; peripheral group) and at other locations (non-peripheral group) were compared. The TBR of each lesion was compared between dbPET and PET/computed tomography (CT).Results: Closer to the detector’s edge, the CNR and CRC decreased while the CVB increased in the phantom study. The disadvantages of this placement were visually confirmed. Regarding clinical images, TBR of dbPET was significantly higher than that of PET/CT in both the peripheral (12.38±6.41 vs 6.73±3.5, p=0.0006) and non-peripheral (12.44±5.94 vs 7.71±7.1, p=0.0183) groups. There was no significant difference in TBR of dbPET between the peripheral and non-peripheral groups (12.4±6.4 vs 12.4±5.9, p=0.8261).Conclusion: The phantom study revealed poorer image quality closer to the detector edge at a depth of <2 cm from the detector's edge than at other more central parts. In clinical studies, however, the visibility of breast lesions with dbPET was the same regardless of the lesion position, and it was higher than that in PET/CT. dbPET has a great potential for detecting breast lesions near the chest wall if they are at least 2 cm from the edge of the FOV, even in young women with small breasts.
Genome-wide association mapping reveals potential novel loci controlling stripe rust resistance in a Chinese wheat landrace diversity panel from the southern autumn-sown spring wheat zone
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yu Can , Cheng Yukun , Yao Fangjie , Long Li , Wu Yu , Li Jing , Li Hao , Wang Jirui , Jiang Qiantao , Li Wei , Pu Zhien , Qi Pengfei , Ma Jian , Deng Mei , Wei Yuming , Chen Xianming , Chen Guoyue , Kang Houyang , Jiang Yunfeng , Zheng Youliang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious foliar disease of wheat. Identification of novel stripe rust resistance genes and cultivation of resistant varieties are considered to be the most effective approaches to control this disease. In this study, we evaluated the infection type (IT), disease severity (DS) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of 143 Chinese wheat landrace accessions for stripe rust resistance. Assessments were undertaken in five environments at the adult-plant stage with Pst mixture races under field conditions, in addition, IT was assessed at the seedling stage with two prevalent Pst races (CYR32 and CYR34) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Results: Seventeen accessions showed stable high-level resistance to stripe rust across all environments under field tests, while four accessions showed resistance to the Pst races CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage. Combining phenotypic data from the field and greenhouse trials with 6404 markers covering the whole genome, we detected 17 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on 11 chromosomes for IT associated with seedling resistance and 15 QTL on seven chromosomes for IT, final disease severity (FDS) or AUDPC associated with adult-plant resistance. Four stable QTL detected on four chromosomes, which explained 9.99%–23.30% of the phenotypic variation, were simultaneously associated with seedling and adult-plant resistance. Integrating a linkage map of stripe rust resistance in wheat, 27 QTL overlapped with previously reported genes or QTL, while four and one QTL conferring seedling and adult-plant resistance respectively were mapped distantly from previously reported stripe rust resistance genes or QTL and may be novel resistance loci. Conclusions: Our results provided an integrated view of stripe rust resistance resources in a Chinese wheat landrace diversity panel from the southern autumn-sown spring wheat zone. The identified resistant accessions and resistance loci will be useful in the ongoing effort to develop new wheat cultivars with strong resistance to stripe rust.
Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Duan Zhongliang , Qin Juanxiu , Liu Yao , Li Cui , Ying Chunmei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an important opportunistic pathogen that can be isolated in hospitals. With the abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics and invasive surgical devices, the rate of S. maltophilia infection is increasing every year. This study was an epidemiological analysis of the clinical and molecular characteristics of S. maltophilia infection in a Chinese teaching hospital. The goal was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the status of S. maltophilia infection to provide strong epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of S. maltophilia infection.Results: A total of 93 isolates from Renji Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were included, in which 62 isolates were from male patients. In addition, 81 isolates were isolated from sputum samples. A total of 86 patients had underlying diseases. All patients received antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that 61 different sequence types (STs) were found (including 45 novel STs), and MLST did not show significantly dominant STs. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results showed that 93 isolates could be divided into 73 clusters, and they also showed weak genetic linkages between isolates. The resistant rates to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and levofloxacin were 9.7% and 4.3%, respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to minocycline. Four virulence gene’s loci Stmpr1, Stmpr2, Smf-1, and Smlt3773 were positive in 79.6%, 91.4%, 94.6%, and 52.7% of the isolates, respectively. Three biofilm genes rmlA, spgM, and rpfF were positive in 82.8%, 92.5%, and 64.5% of the isolates, respectively. Mean biofilm forming level of OD492 was 0.54 ± 0.49. We did not find any significant difference between different genders and different age-groups. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the control group. The independent risk factors of those who were infected in the ICU included immunosuppression and the increased antibiotic usage.Conclusions: Most of the patients had prior medical usage histories and baseline diseases. The positive rate of virulence genes was high, the drug resistance rate of S. maltophilia was low, and the biofilm formation ability was strong. The increased use of antibiotics was an independent risk factor for S. maltophilia infection, which should receive more attention. No obvious clonal transmissions were found in the same departments.