bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity assessment of nano‐TiO2inApis melliferaL., 1758: histological and immunohistochemical assays
Authors: Ferrara Giulia , Salvaggio Antonio , Pecoraro Roberta , Scalisi Elena Maria , Presti Andrea Maria , Impellizzeri Giuliana , Brundo Maria Violetta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) by short‐term toxicity tests inApis mellifera, considered an excellent bioindicator organism mainly due to its sensitivity. Bees have been exposed to several concentrations of TiO2NPs (1 × 10−3, 1 × 10−4, 1 × 10−5, 1 × 10−6mg/10 ml) for 10 days. Morphostructural and histological assays were done on gut and honey sac. The research of exposure biomarkers like metallothioneins 1 (MT1) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) was performed to verify if a detoxification mechanism has been activated in the exposed animals. No histological alteration on the epithelium of the gut and honey sac were observed in exposed samples. A significant positivity for anti‐MT1 antibody was observed only in the honey sac cells. A weak positivity for HSP70 was observed in both structures analyzed. In several studies have shown the non‐toxicity of TiO2NPs on other model organisms, in our study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles was proven to be highly toxic at the highest concentration tested (100% of lethality to 1 × 10−3mg/10 ml) and moderately toxic at lower concentrations. Honey bees proved to be excellent models for study of NPs toxicity and for monitoring environment.
Proliferation of Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages contributes to their accumulation in mouse skin wounds
Authors: Pang Jingbo , Urao Norifumi , Koh Timothy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMonocytes and macrophages (Mo/MΦ) play critical roles in all phases of skin wound healing. The majority of these cells are thought to be recruited from blood Mo; however, the role local proliferation of Mo/MΦ in the wound has not been defined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that local proliferation of Mo and/or MΦ contributes to their accumulation during wound healing. Male C57Bl/6 mice (N = 4–9/group) were subjected to excisional skin wounding. Proliferating Mo/MΦ (F4/80+Ki67+) were observed in wound cryosections, peaking on day 5 post-wounding. Cell cycle analysis on cells isolated from skin tissue revealed that wounding increased both the number and percentage of inflammatory Ly6C+F4/80lo/− Mo/MΦ in the S/G2/M phases, peaking on day 6 post-wounding. In contrast, more mature Ly6C-F4/80+ cells were found predominantly in the G0 phase with less than 1% cells in S/G2/M phase following injury. In peripheral blood, Mo were very rarely found in the S/G2/M phase, suggesting that the wound environment triggered the Ly6C+F4/80lo/− Mo proliferative response. Furthermore, injury induced several potential regulators of proliferation in wounds, including IL-1β and IL-6, and wound Mo/MΦ expressed surface receptors for these cytokines. However, wound Mo/MΦ proliferation was not altered in IL-1R1 knockout (KO) or IL-6 KO mice. In summary, our findings indicate that proliferation contributes to Mo/MΦ accumulation in wounds and, contrary to findings in other pathophysiologic conditions, Ly6C+/F4/80lo/− Mo/MΦ proliferate during skin wound healing whereas mature Ly6C−F4/80+ MΦ do not.
Effects of surface vegetation on the intensity of East Asian summer monsoon as revealed by observation and model experiments
Authors: Lee Seonju , Lee Myong‐In 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of surface vegetation density on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The analysis using observation and reanalysis data reveals that the increase of vegetation drives a dipole pattern in the precipitation anomalies where the precipitation in Northeast Asia tends to increase, whereas the precipitation in southern China and East China Sea tends to decrease. The model sensitivity experiments confirm the mechanism of regional monsoon circulation changed by changes in surface vegetation density, in which enhanced vegetation leads to an increase of surface evapotranspiration and a decrease of surface temperature over land. The decrease in precipitation over southern China and East China Sea is attributed to the slow‐down of EASM circulation due to the reduction in thermal contrast between the continent and the ocean. The results suggest that the surface vegetation can change the local thermal conditions and induce the dynamical process in broader scale to change the precipitation response.
Decadal change in summer precipitation over the east of Northwest China and its associations with atmospheric circulations and sea surface temperatures
Authors: Shang Shasha , Zhu Gaofeng , Li Ruolin , Xu Jie , Gu Juan , Chen Huiling , Liu Xiaowen , Han Tuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs global warming has progressed, precipitation patterns over arid Northwest China have undergone significant change. In this study, changes in summer (JJA) precipitation over the eastern part of Northwest China (ENWC) from 1980 to 2014 were investigated using the China gridded monthly precipitation dataset (CN05.1). The results showed that summer precipitation over the ENWC experienced a decadal wet‐to‐dry shift in 1998. Westerlies played an important role in the upper atmospheric levels in terms of water vapour transport; the decadal variations in summer precipitation were principally controlled by the water vapour input from the ENWC's western boundary. In addition, the decadal variations in summer precipitation in the ENWC appear to be associated with a meridional teleconnection around 110°E and a zonal pattern over 45–60°N in the lower troposphere. These two teleconnections led to cyclonic anomalies in the ENWC and enhanced water vapour transport into the ENWC, resulting in above‐normal precipitation during the 1989–1998 decadal period. Further, the warmer (colder) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) observed in the tropical Eastern Pacific correspond to the southward (northward) displacement of the Asian jet stream and a negative (positive) phase of the Silk Road pattern, resulting in a wet (dry) ENWC. Moreover, the SST anomalies in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific may affect summer precipitation over the ENWC via a zonal teleconnection in the middle troposphere.
Prediction of the Health Effects of Food Peptides and Elucidation of the Mode‐of‐action Using Multi‐task Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fukunaga Itsuki , Sawada Ryusuke , Shibata Tomokazu , Kaitoh Kazuma , Sakai Yukie , Yamanishi Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFood proteins work not only as nutrients but also modulators for the physiological functions of the human body. The physiological functions of food proteins are basically regulated by peptides encrypted in food protein sequences (food peptides). In this study, we propose a novel deep learning‐based method to predict the health effects of food peptides and elucidate the mode‐of‐action. In the algorithm, we estimate potential target proteins of food peptides using a multi‐task graph convolutional neural network, and predict its health effects using information about therapeutic targets for diseases. We constructed predictive models based on 21,103 peptide‐protein interactions involving 10,950 peptides and 2,533 proteins, and applied the models to food peptides (e. g., lactotripeptide, isoleucyltyrosine and sardine peptide) defined in food for specified health use. The models suggested potential effects such as blood‐pressure lowering effects, blood glucose level lowering effects, and anti‐cancer effects for several food peptides. The interactions of food peptides with target proteins were confirmed by docking simulations.
The periodic character in a higher order difference equation with delays
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to investigate the global dynamics of the delay nonlinear difference equation

where k, l, and m are positive integers, the parameters A, B, C, p, and q are nonnegative real numbers, and the initial values
are nonnegative real numbers such that the denominator is always positive. Several numerical simulations are provided to support obtained results. Also, our results extend and generalize the known ones.
Technical Note: Impact on central frequency and noise magnitude ratios by advanced CT image reconstruction techniques
Authors: Pan Tinsu , Hasegawa Akira , Luo Dershan , Wu Carol C. , Vikram Raghu 
Published: November 2019

PurposeWe use central frequency ratio and noise magnitude ratio from noise power spectrum (NPS) to evaluate the noise reduction techniques of ASiR and ASiR‐V of GE, SAFIRE and ADMIRE of Siemens, and PixelShine of AlgoMedica. ASiR, ASiR‐V, SAFIRE and ADMIRE use a combination of image and projection data whereas PixelShine uses artificial intelligence neural network for noise reduction.Methods and materialsThe homogeneous module of the ACR computed tomography (CT) phantom was scanned on a GE Revolution HD 64‐slice CT for ASiR and ASiR‐V, a Siemens Somatom Force for ADMIRE, and a Siemens Definition AS 64‐slice for SAFIRE for NPS calculation. The baseline filtered back‐projection (FBP) reconstructions were derived from the standard kernel on Revolution HD, Hr44f on Force and D40s on Definition AS. The central frequency ratio (CFR) indicates the degree of shift in the central frequency of NPS after noise reduction. A smaller CFR means a larger shift of the NPS curve, or a larger degree of image blurring. The noise magnitude ratio (NMR) indicates the amount of noise removed. A smaller NMR means a larger degree of noise reduction. An ideal noise reduction shall maintain a CFR close to 1 and a NMR close to 0.ResultsThe ideal noise reduction by increasing radiation exposure did not shift the central frequency when the image noise was reduced. PixelShine was the closest to the ideal noise reduction in CFR, and was followed by SAFIRE, ASiR‐V, ADMIRE and ASiR, in sequence. Similarly, PixelShine had the smallest NMR, and was followed by SAFIRE, ASiR‐V, ADMIRE and ASiR in sequence. Overall, PixelShine had the least central frequency shift for the same amount of noise reduction or the most noise reduction for the same amount of central frequency shift. For the same CFR, ASiR‐V reduced more noise than ASiR; and SAFIRE reduced more noise than ADMIRE.ConclusionsWe introduced two new parameters of CFR and NMR from NPS to compare the reconstructions from different manufacturers. PixelShine had the least central frequency shift for the same amount of noise reduction or the most noise reduction for the same amount of central frequency shift. For the same central frequency shift, ASiR‐V reduced more noise than ASiR, and SAFIRE reduced more noise than ADMIRE.
Interactions between women with rheumatoid arthritis and nurses during outpatient consultations: A qualitative study
Authors: Feddersen Helle , Kristiansen Tine Mechlenborg , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Primdahl Jette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and patients with RA receive services in various settings—for example, in nurse‐led follow‐up consultations. The present study aimed to investigate how the management of RA in everyday life is expressed in interactions between nurses and women with RA during nursing consultations.MethodsThe study was conducted in accordance with constructivist grounded theory, with data based on participant observations and subsequent interviews with 10 women with RA.ResultsA core category was developed, “Collaboration through mutual acknowledgement”, which documented how the women and nurses confirmed their shared understanding of the content and the structure of the consultation. Three subcategories were identified: (i) “On safe ground”, which illustrated that biomedical factors, such as blood test results and pharmacological treatment, structured the basis of the dialogue; (ii) “Venturing forward”, which documented how both parties were aware of each other's reactions when the dialogue dealt with women's perspectives of illness in their everyday lives; and (iii) “Gentle steering”, which showed that the nurses gently steered the dialogue if the women strayed from the planned content.ConclusionsBoth parties agreed that a disease perspective consistent with biomedical factors formed the basis for further dialogue. Subsequently, the women's perspectives on illness were included, and the women felt acknowledged. Therefore, the recommendation is that the consultations start by all parties agreeing on a shared agenda to facilitate the inclusion of the women's perspectives on illness.
Towards a generic method for ion chromatography/mass spectrometry of low‐molecular‐weight amines in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development
Authors: Lewis Zoe , Jackson Bethany A. , Crampton Alex , Ray Andrew D. , Holman Stephen W. 
Published: November 2019

RationaleLow‐molecular‐weight amines are encountered in pharmaceutical analysis, e.g. as reactants in chemical syntheses, but are challenging to analyse using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) due to their high polarity causing poor retention. Ion chromatography/mass spectrometry (IC/MS) is an emerging technique for polar molecule analysis that offers better separation. A generic IC/MS method would overcome problems associated with using UHPLC/MS in drug discovery and development environments.MethodsAmine standards were analysed using IC/MS with gradient elution (variety of column temperatures evaluated). An electrospray ionisation (ESI) quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion polarity in scanning mode. The make‐up flow composition was evaluated by assessing the performance of a range of organic modifiers (acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol) and additives (acetic acid, formic acid, methanesulfonic acid). The ESI conditions were optimised to minimise adduct formation and promote generation of protonated molecules.ResultsThe performance attributes were investigated and optimised for low‐molecular‐weight amine analysis. Organic solvents and acidic additives were evaluated as make‐up flow components to promote ESI, with 0.05% acetic acid in ethanol optimal for producing protonated molecules. The hydrogen bonding capability of amines led to abundant protonated molecule–solvent complexes; optimisation of source conditions reduced these, with collision‐induced dissociation voltage having a strong effect. The detection limit was ≤1.78 ng for the amines analysed, which is fit‐for‐purpose for an open‐access chemistry environment.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the value of IC/MS for analysing low‐molecular‐weight amines. Good chromatographic separation of mixtures was possible without derivatisation. Ionisation efficiency was greatest using a make‐up flow of 0.05% acetic acid in ethanol, and optimisation of ESI source conditions promoted protonated molecule generation for easy determination of molecular weight.
Thermal Hydrogenation and Degradation of Quinoline from Reactive Force Field Simulations
Authors: Naik Papu Kumar , Paul Sandip , Banerjee Tamal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation is a convenient approach for converting Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) to several small fragments or useful chemicals. In the current study, quinoline is taken as model PAH compound where reactive force field (ReaxFF) simulation is adopted to study its degradation and pyrolytic behavior. To confirm the intermediate and final products, ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at five different temperatures ranging from 2500–4500 K for a total duration of 700 ps were implemented which allows the chemical reactions to be observed at a computationally affordable time scale. Other than 2500 K, all the temperatures provided a pyrolysis scan on the entire quinolone molecule. We have found a qualitative agreement between the previously reported experimental results and our simulation results concerning initiation step of the quinoline hydrogenation along with the formation of major intermediate products such as tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), propylaniline (PA) and decahydroquinoline (DHQ). Further degradation of quinoline with time gives smaller stable products, which include ammonia, ethylene, methane, ethane and acetylene with many intermediates. Most of the intermediate reactions are found to be intramolecular while intermolecular reactions dominate at higher temperatures. Finally, a kinetic analysis was made to obtain the rate constants and activation energies for quinoline hydrogenation.
Effect of geogrid reinforcement on the drying shrinkage and thermal expansion of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Al‐Hedad Abbas S. A. , Farhan Nabeel A. , Zhang Mengying , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effect of triaxial geogrid reinforcement on the thermal expansion and drying shrinkage of geopolymer concrete (GPC) was experimentally investigated. Three groups of GPC prism specimens with a length of 280 mm and a cross‐section of 75 mm × 75 mm were prepared and tested in this study. The first group included six unreinforced GPC specimens and was considered as the control group of specimens. The second group included six GPC specimens reinforced with one layer of geogrid. The third group included six GPC specimens reinforced with two layers of geogrid. The triaxial geogrid reinforcement was placed at a depth of 37.5 mm from the surface of the specimen. The tests were carried out by drying the GPC specimens in a controlled environmental chamber at a temperature of 27 ± 4°C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 10% for 98 days. It was found that the geogrid significantly reduced the thermal expansion and drying shrinkage of GPC specimens. The thermal expansion and drying shrinkage were less in the GPC specimens reinforced with two layers of geogrid compared to the GPC specimens reinforced with one layer of geogrid. It was also found that the rate of thermal expansion and drying shrinkage of the GPC specimens reinforced with geogrid was lower than that of the control unreinforced GPC specimens.
Field test and emergency reinforcement evaluation for an ancient wood pagoda
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Sun Zuoshuai , Ding Mengting , Zhao Ziwei , Gao Yuchun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAncient wood pagodas, as the excellent representative of ancient China, play an important role in Chinese historical, art, and scientific aspects. Because most pagodas are lacking maintenance for a long time and the long term reinforcement measure has not been determined, it is necessary to carry out an emergency reinforcement method to avoid further damage. This paper presents a design guideline of emergency reinforcement method for ancient wood pagodas. Field tests based on pulsating method were carried out to identify the dynamic characteristics, structural stiffness, and structural damages. The modal frequency, modal shape of different columns and stiffness of each story indicate that the second apparent story is the weak point of the whole structure. To effectively analyze the nonlinear performance of the second apparent story and verify the superiority of the emergency reinforcement method, three elaborated finite element models of the second apparent story in undamaged, and current and reinforced states are established. The buckling analysis shows that the emergency reinforcement method could improve the critical load 89% nearby compared with the current structure. In addition, the seismic analysis proves that the emergency reinforcement method has positive effects on strengthening the weak point to against the earthquakes.
What Makes a City Accessible and Inclusive?
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe urban-focused Capability Model of Disability (CMD) presented here outlines three key features for city and urban planning processes: rethinking the relationship between people with disabilities and their environment, a development-based framework for inclusive policymaking along nine policy dimensions, and the concept of salience to measure cultural coherence and likelihood for a society to adopt international human rights norms at the local level. The CMD framework is applied to a set of nine basic primary goods necessary for inclusive urban planning and policymaking, which are divided into basic functionings (health, rehabilitation, education, and employment) and basic freedoms (mobility, accessibility, being included in the community, political and public participation, and awareness raising). This chapter provides insights into what this integrated model looks like and how it addresses endemic challenges that impede full implementation of comprehensive rights, policies, and norms across sectors and scales.
Potential impact of reduced tobacco use on life and health expectancies in Belgium
Authors: Otavova Martina , Van Oyen Herman , Yokota Renata T. C. , Charafeddine Rana , Joossens Luk , Molenberghs Geert , Nusselder Wilma J. , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
We investigated the potential impact of reduced tobacco use scenarios on total life expectancy and health expectancies, i.e., healthy life years and unhealthy life years.

Methods
Data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey 2013 were used to estimate smoking and disability prevalence. Disability was based on the Global Activity Limitation Indicator. We used DYNAMO-HIA to quantify the impacts of risk factor changes and to compare the “business-as-usual” with alternative scenarios.

Results
The “business-as-usual” scenario estimated that in 2028 the 15-year-old men/women would live additional 50/52 years without disability and 14/17 years with disability. The “smoking-free population” scenario added 3.4/2.8 healthy life years and reduced unhealthy life years by 0.79/1.9. Scenarios combining the prevention of smoking initiation with smoking cessation programs are the most effective, yielding the largest increase in healthy life years (1.9/1.7) and the largest decrease in unhealthy life years (− 0.80/− 1.47).

Conclusions
Health impact assessment tools provide different scenarios for evidence-informed public health actions. New anti-smoking strategies or stricter enforcement of existing policies potentially gain more healthy life years and reduce unhealthy life years in Belgium.
Standardised evaluation of the electric field for meeting safety aspects for workers according to directive 2013/35/EU and VEMF
Authors: Friedl Katrin , Abart Andreas , Schürhuber Robert , Schmautzer Ernst 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWorkers in power supply systems are exposed to electromagnetic fields. These fields must not exceed the limit values set out in EU Directive 2013/35/EU (minimum health and safety requirements for workers with regard to exposure to the risk of physical agents (electromagnetic fields)) in order to protect workers against health risks. In Austria, a group of experts from the National Standardization Committee (OVE) has drawn up a national guideline (OVE guideline R 27) in order to prevent the diversity of assessment procedures. In addition, the guide aims to reduce time and effort in evaluation and documentation of electric and magnetic fields. This article provides an overview of the procedure and an assessment of the evaluated distances determined in accordance with OVE guideline R 27 for the protection of workers with regard to electric fields in substations.