bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic determinants of leukocyte pathogenicity in neurological diseases
Authors: Runtsch Marah C. , Ferrara Giovanni , Angiari Stefano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the recruitment of circulating blood‐borne innate and adaptive immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). These leukocytes sustain the detrimental response in the CNS by releasing pro‐inflammatory mediators that induce activation of local glial cells, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neural cell death. However, infiltrating peripheral immune cells could also dampen CNS inflammation and support tissue repair. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism demonstrate the importance of metabolic reprogramming for the activation and functionality of such innate and adaptive immune cell populations. In particular, an increasing body of evidence suggests that the activity of metabolites and metabolic enzymes could influence the pathogenic potential of immune cells during neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of intracellular metabolic cues in regulating leukocyte‐mediated CNS damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke, highlighting the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting metabolic pathways for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Novel technique of non‐surgical rejuvenation of infraorbital dark circles
Authors: Shah‐Desai Sabrina , Joganathan Varajini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfraorbital dark circles are a common esthetic concern which can be challenging to treat given their multifactorial nature. Under‐eye dark circles are seen in all skin types, with a strong familial component in darker skin types. Other major contributing factors include soft tissue and bony changes, skin changes, lifestyle contributions, and allergies. Involutional periorbital volumetric changes cause volume loss in the tear trough, naso‐jugal and palpebro‐malar grove, skin and subcutaneous tissues with tethering of the eyelid skin to the tear trough ligament, giving a sunken and hollow appearance to the lower lid. Associated prolapse of the orbital fat and thin skin can worsen the appearance of a dark circle. Hyaluronic acid fillers placed in the pre‐periosteal plane in the tear trough, palpebro‐malar and naso‐jugal grooves, give good results in patients with thick eyelid skin and negligible fat prolapse. However, in patients with thin skin and moderate fat prolapse, authors have reported worsening outcomes with risk of Tyndall (blue‐gray discoloration) and contour irregularities from visible lumps.AimsTo describe a novel technique to improve dark circles caused by a diffuse valley‐type pre‐septal tear trough deformity in patients with thin eyelid skin.MethodsRetrospective case note review of 330 eyelids treated with microdroplet subdermal placement of filler in the preseptal tear trough area by a single surgeon.ConclusionThis novel technique shows good esthetic outcomes in patients with dark circles, with good longevity and a low risk of complications.
Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Partial Dentures Using a Complete Digital Workflow: Two‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Pontevedra Paula , Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Pelaez Jesus , Garcia‐Serdio Sara , Suarez Maria J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical performance and survival rate of posterior monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures over a 2‐year period.Material and MethodsA total of 20 patients, requiring 20 posterior fixed partial dentures were included in the study. Tooth preparations were scanned, and restorations were milled and cemented with a resin cement. The restorations were assessed for the quality of the surface and the color, anatomical form and marginal integrity. Periodontal status was assessed by determining the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and margin index of the abutment teeth. Data were statistically analyzed using the Friedman and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests with the Bonferroni correction.ResultsThe survival rate at 2 years was 100%, and no biological or technical complications were observed. All restorations were assessed as satisfactory. The results obtained for gingival index and plaque index were better at 2 years follow‐up, than at baseline. The margin index remained stable throughout the follow‐up period. No differences in periodontal parameters were observed between abutment and control teeth.ConclusionsThe high survival rate after 2 years suggest that monolithic zirconia may be an acceptable alternative to metal‐ceramic and veneered zirconia restorations in the posterior region. Additional long‐term, controlled studies are necessary to confirm the results.
Losartan and azelastine either alone or in combination as modulators for endothelial dysfunction and platelets activation in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Elseweidy Mohamed M , Elnagar Gehad M , M.Elsawy Marwa , Ali Abdelmoneim A , Zein Nabila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aim
The present study aimed mainly to demonstrate the effect of the antihistamine azelastine (AZ) and Angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB), represented by losartan (LOS) either alone or in combined form on certain metabolic aspects, endothelial dysfunction and platelets activation markers in diabetic hyperlipidemic rat model.

Methods
Rats were randomly classified to five groups: One group fed normal chow diet (NC). Four groups received alloxan and CCT-diet. One group received no treatment (DHC while the other three groups received AZ, LOS and their combination form, respectively for 8 weeks. Serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological evaluations.

Results
DHC rats demonstrated significant hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, disturbances in endothelial and platelet activation markers. AZ or LOS administration demonstrated hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects. VCAM-1 and sE-selectin (Endothelial function markers) along with CD63 (Platelet activation marker) showed significant decrease as compared to control group. AZ administration exerted little prominent effects than that of LOS, while their combination demonstrated remarkable changes compared to monotherapy. Histopathological findings were in agreement to certain extent with the biomarkers results.

Conclusions
Both drug categories may be expressed as suitable therapeutic tools for atherosclerotic complications either alone or along with other hypolipidemic drugs.
Anticoagulant drug utilization pattern and their cost analysis: a retrospective study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohammad Daud , Ahmad Ayaz , Banu Nuzhat , Patel Munfis , Ghosn Sherihan Ahmad , Eltrafi Zainab 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study was aimed to evaluate the cost and drug utilization pattern of anticoagulant drugs in a clinical setting in Saudi Arabia.MethodA cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a private hospital in Saudi Arabia. World Health Organization, defined daily dose, and American Society of Hematology methods were used to compute the daily price of each anticoagulant agent.Key findingsConsumption of oral anticoagulants was very less as compared to the parenteral. Apixaban was the most prescribed oral drug, while enoxaparin sodium was the drug of choice among the parenteral. In oral anticoagulants, the unit-wise cost was found to be highest for Rivaroxaban (12.60 SR (3.36 USD) and less for Warfarin (0.82 SR (0.22 USD)). Heparin sodium cost (51.62 SR (13.76 USD) was found to be the most expensive parenteral agent while the least expensive was Phytomenadione (3.76 SR (1.00 USD)).ConclusionApixaban was the preferred oral anticoagulant among all the studied anticoagulants, although Warfarin is the cheapest. Therapeutic drug monitoring was recommended for Warfarin. The study highlights the importance of more studies to measure the advantages and disadvantages of all types of anticoagulants.
Cost-effectiveness of Interventional therapies for management of Treatment-resistant hypertension: systematic review of pharmacoeconomic studies
Authors: Mensa Sorato Mende , Davari Majid , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Naderi Nasim , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Shibru Tamiru , Nikfar Shekoufeh , Arero Amanuel Godana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Treatment resistant hypertension (TRH) is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (&gt;140/90 mm Hg) after treatment with the intensified dose of three standard antihypertensive drugs. Management of TRH involves addition of fourth line drugs on standard care or interventional therapies (Renal denervation, Baroreceptor activation, Central venous anastomosis). However, evidence concerning cost-effectiveness of interventional therapies is inconclusive. Objective: This systematic review was conducted to extract the level of evidence on cost-effectiveness of interventional therapies for TRH.

Method
We systematically searched articles written in English language since January 2000 to January 2020 from the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Ovid/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and other relevant sources.

Key findings
Twelve pharmacoeconomic studies were included in this systematic review. Renal denervation (RDN) is the most commonly studied intervention therapy for treatment of TRH. Participants included in the study vary from age 18-99 years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of RDN ranged from $1,709.84 per QALY gained in Netherlands to 66,380.3 per QALY gained in Australia. RDN was cost-effective in high-risk patients in UK, Australia, Canada, Netherlands, USA, Germany, Russia and Korea. The cost-effectiveness was influenced by the magnitude of effect of RDN on systolic blood pressure, the rate of RDN nonresponders, and the procedure costs of RDN and assumption of long-term time horizon. However, the ICER of RDN in Mexico was above MXN$ 139,000 GDP/capita of the country. The ICER of implantable carotid body stimulator was $64,400 per QALYs gained. The cost-effectiveness of baroreceptor activation didn’t improve with age.

Conclusion
Overall cost-effectiveness of interventional therapies for treatment of TRH was inconclusive based on the current available evidence. Therefore, strong clinical trials and pharmacoeconomic evaluations from different perspectives in various candidate populations are needed to generate adequate clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence for using interventional therapies in treatment of treatment resistant hypertension.
White dominance in nursing education: A target for anti‐racist efforts
Authors: Bell Blythe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiterature on racism, anti‐racism, whiteness, nursing education and nurse educators was reviewed and analysed for the development of race consciousness and application of anti‐racist pedagogy. The literature describes an oppressive educational climate for non‐white identifying people, a curriculum that does not attend to the social construction of difference, and a nursing culture that is not consciously situated in a broader sociopolitical context. A particular focus on studies of nurse educators demonstrates a stark need for personal and professional development towards effectively delivering anti‐racist pedagogy and a deconstruction of white normativity and dominance amongst white faculty. The protection and reproduction of white privilege is identified through the scholarship itself through a lack of racial analysis, an externalization of the root of oppression and non‐specific study measures and outcomes. The persistence and pervasiveness of white dominance in nursing and the lack of anti‐racist competence in white educators, particularly, merits a shift in anti‐racist efforts away from short‐term skill acquisition initiatives towards the deconstruction of socialized white supremacy and enactments of white privilege in nurse educators themselves.
Serum vitamin D levels in relation to abdominal obesity: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of epidemiologic studies
Authors: Hajhashemy Zahra , Shahdadian Farnaz , Ziaei Rahele , Saneei Parvane 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAlthough several observational studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of central obesity, the results were inconsistent. We performed a dose–response meta‐analysis on epidemiologic studies that evaluated the association of vitamin D status and abdominal obesity in adults. A systematic search was carried out of all published articles, up to May 2020, in five electronic databases, including MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) (Web of science), Scopus and Google scholar. Forty‐one observational studies reported odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abdominal obesity in relation to serum vitamin D levels in adults were included in the analysis. Using a random effects model, the overall effect size was calculated. Combining 44 effect sizes from 36 cross‐sectional studies with 257,699 participants revealed that the highest versus the lowest serum vitamin D level was significantly associated with a 23% decreased odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.77; 95% CI [0.71, 0.83]). This inverse association was significant in almost all subgroups based on different covariates. Dose–response analysis showed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D was related to 8% reduced risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.92; 95% CI [0.85, 0.99]). When we confined the analysis to 23 effect sizes from 17 studies with representative population (242,135 participants), the same results were obtained (OR: 0.79; 95% CI [0.71, 0.87]). Dose–response analysis indicated that each 25 nmol/L increase in blood vitamin D levels was linked to 10% decreased central adiposity risk in representative populations (OR: 0.90; 95% CI [0.82, 0.99]). This meta‐analysis of epidemiologic studies revealed that serum vitamin D level was inversely associated with risk of abdominal obesity in adults, in a dose–response manner. The same findings were obtained in representative populations. Further prospective studies are required to examine the causal association between serum vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity.
LncRNA JPX overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma drives malignancy via miR‐944/CDH2 axis
Authors: Yao Yuan , Chen Shaoshan , Lu Na , Yin Yue , Liu Zhiwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with high incidence. Numerous reports have elucidated that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as crucial regulatory factors in various diseases including cancer. Nonetheless, the role of lncRNA JPX in OSCC is still not elaborated.Subjects and MethodsIn our research, we detected the expression of lncRNA JPX through qRT‐PCR. Colony formation, EdU staining, Transwell, TUNEL, and caspase‐3 activity assays were applied for estimating the function of lncRNA JPX in OSCC. RIP, pull‐down, and luciferase reporter experiments were adopted to examine the interrelations between lncRNA JPX, miR‐944, and CDH2.ResultsLncRNA JPX was discovered as highly expressed in OSCC cells. Silencing lncRNA JPX restrained OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, lncRNA JPX bound with miR‐944 and then augmented CDH2 via a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. Importantly, overexpressed CDH2 recovered the suppression of silenced lncRNA JPX on the oncogenic behaviors of OSCC cells.ConclusionsIn short, lncRNA JPX contributes to OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via miR‐944/CDH2 axis, which offers a new direction for potential targeted treatment of OSCC.
Tooth transplantation with a β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold accelerates bone formation and periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Uchikawa Eri , Yoshizawa Michiko , Li Xianqi , Matsumura Nahomi , Li Ni , Chen Kai , Kagami Hideaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough tooth transplantation is a useful treatment option as a substitute for a missing tooth, transplantation to a narrow alveolar ridge is not feasible. In this study, we tested a tissue engineering approach simultaneously with tooth transplantation using a scaffold or a combination with cells to accelerate bone formation and periodontal tissue regeneration.Materials and MethodsBone marrow mononuclear cells (BM‐MNCs) were harvested from C57BL/6J mice. The upper first or the second molar of 3‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice and a β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffold were transplanted with BM‐MNCs (MNC group) or without BM‐MNCs (β‐TCP group) into the thigh muscle of syngeneic mice. The tooth alone was also transplanted (control group). After 4 weeks, the transplants were harvested and analyzed.ResultsBone volume was significantly larger in the MNC and the β‐TCP groups than that in the control group, and the newly formed bone was observed on the lateral wall of the root. Compared with the control group, the MNC group showed a larger trabecular thickness and fractal dimension.ConclusionThis study showed accelerated bone formation and periodontal tissue regeneration when tooth transplantation was performed with a β‐TCP scaffold. BM‐MNCs may accelerate bone maturation, while the effect on bone formation was limited.
Palliative dental care: Ignored dimension of dentistry amidst COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Sidhartha , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPalliative care (PC) represents an approach that encompasses the procedures to relieve pain and distressing symptoms and maintain function as much as possible in the terminally ill patient until death. PC dentistry (PCD) is an approach for providing supportive and palliative dental care in patients with serious life‐threatening illness (cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cognitive impairment). The care is provided at different time points of diseases (i.e., from in‐therapy care to survivorship care to end‐of‐life care). Dentists have a significant role to play in the multidisciplinary team of PC. Oral health problems (ulcers, mucositis, pulpitis and abscess) have a negative impact on general health and quality of life and can be acutely debilitating in these patients. These patients with existing comorbidities are at increased risk of developing oral complications. Furthermore, social isolation can cause an increase in anxiety, hopelessness, psychosocial and existential suffering amongst these patients. It is essential to incorporate PCD in the guidelines of critical dental care during the COVID‐19 pandemic to decrease the suffering of these patients by symptom management. Teledentistry can be used with caution to provide at‐home care to such patients during the pandemic.
Burden of schistosomiasis‐related mortality in Brazil: epidemiological patterns and spatial–temporal distribution, 2003–2018
Authors: Pinheiro Marta Cristhiany Cunha , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , Silva Filho José Damiao da , Lima Mauricélia da Silveira , Martins‐Melo Francisco Rogerlandio , Bezerra Fernando Schmelzer Moraes , Sousa Mariana Silva , Ramos Alberto Novaes 
Published: September 2020

abstarctObjectiveTo characterise the epidemiological patterns and the spatial–temporal distribution of schistosomiasis‐related mortality in Brazil from 2003 to 2018.MethodsA national population‐based ecological study that used official data from the Mortality Information System. The data included all deaths recorded in Brazil from 2003 to 2018 in which schistosomiasis was mentioned in the death certificate as an underlying or associated cause of death (multiple causes). The municipalities of residence were used as units of geographic analysis, and standardised and smoothed mortality rates (per 100 000 inhabitants) were calculated using the local empirical Bayes method. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using global and local Moran indexes. To analyse the spatial dependence, the Getis‐Ord G and Gi* statistics were used.ResultsDuring the study period, 18 421 113 deaths were recorded in Brazil. Schistosomiasis was mentioned in 11 487 deaths (proportional mortality: 0.06%); for 8141 deaths (70.87%), it was listed as the underlying cause, and for 3346 deaths (29.13%), it was listed as an associated cause. The mean mortality rate was 0.38 deaths/100 000 inhabitants. Individuals ≥ 70 years of age (RR: 115.34, 95% CI: 68.56–194.03) and residents in the Northeast region (RR: 10.81, 95% CI: 5.95–19.66) presented higher risks related to schistosomiasis. Municipalities with high mortality rates were identified in all regions, and high‐risk clusters were found in municipalities located in the Northeast and Southeast regions of the country.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis remains an important cause of death in persistently endemic areas in Brazil, particularly in those with a high prevalence of the disease and a marked parasite load.
A bacterial F‐box effector suppresses SAR immunity through mediating the proteasomal degradation of OsTrxh2 in rice
Authors: Ji Hongtao , Liu Delong , Zhang Zhaoxin , Sun Jiawen , Han Bing , Li Zongyun 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYPlant bacterial pathogens usually cause diseases by secreting and translocating numerous virulence effectors into host cells and suppressing various host immunity pathways. It has been demonstrated that the extensive ubiquitin systems of host cells are frequently interfered with or hijacked by numerous pathogenic bacteria, through various strategies. Some type‐III secretion system (T3SS) effectors of plant pathogens have been demonstrated to impersonate the F‐box protein (FBP) component of the SKP1/CUL1/F‐box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin system for their own benefit. Although numerous putative eukaryotic‐like F‐box effectors have been screened for different bacterial pathogens by bioinformatics analyses, the targets of most F‐box effectors in host immune systems remain unknown. Here, we show that XopI, a putative F‐box effector of African Xoo (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) strain BAI3, strongly inhibits the host’s OsNPR1‐dependent resistance to Xoo. The xopI knockout mutant displays lower virulence in Oryza sativa (rice) than BAI3. Mechanistically, we identify a thioredoxin protein, OsTrxh2, as an XopI‐interacting protein in rice. Although OsTrxh2 positively regulates rice immunity by catalyzing the dissociation of OsNPR1 into monomers in rice, the XopI effector serves as an F‐box adapter to form an OSK1–XopI–OsTrxh2 interaction complex, and further disrupts OsNPR1‐mediated resistance through proteasomal degradation of OsTrxh2. Our results indicate that XopI targets OsTrxh2 and further represses OsNPR1‐dependent signaling, thereby subverting systemic acquired resistance (SAR) immunity in rice.