bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Susceptibility and Severity Might be Modified by Vitamin D Status: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Tanner Alex , Tiwari Divya , Allen Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has resulted in the
Covid-19 pandemic with severe morbidity and high mortality, particularly in certain sections of the
population. The co-morbidity patterns associated with adverse outcomes are multiple and complex
and there is emerging epidemiological, nutritional and molecular biological evidence that an inadequate
vitamin D status is a contributing factor.

Objective:
The aim was to review the role of vitamin D in immune function with particular reference
to the mechanisms whereby it supports immune efficiency, host protection and immune modulation.
The evidence for the possible benefit of vitamin D supplementation to ameliorate the severity
of respiratory infection by SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens was also reviewed with a view to
making a recommendation.

Methods:
PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched using the terms: Covid-19, coronavirus,
SARS-CoV-2, vitamin D, calcitriol, deficiency, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, ventilation,
critical care, intensive care, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, respiratory
viruses, respiratory tract infection, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, supplementation. Papers
for inclusion were selected on the basis of relevance and quality.

Findings:
Vitamin D insufficiency is widespread in many parts of the world. Vitamin D is needed
for normal protective and surveillance immune function and there is evidence that deficiency increases
the risk of some respiratory infections, probably including Covid-19. By binding with dedicated
receptors on immune cells vitamin D influences several strands of immune function, including
the production of anti-microbial peptides and several cytokines that promote an appropriate immune
response. Vitamin D supplementation probably reduces the risk of respiratory infection, with
persuasive biological, epidemiological and observational evidence for possible benefit against
Covid-19.

Conclusion:
Despite the lack of direct evidence specific to Covid-19 a cogent theoretical case can
be made for giving adults from selected groups, and arguably all adults, routine supplementation
with vitamin D to improve immune efficiency and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory
infections. This could be particularly important in sections of the population with a high prevalence
of vitamin D insufficiency. Targeted research is required to provide firm evidence to guide practice.
Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model
Authors: Ly Hai-Bang , Pham Binh Thai 
Published: September 2020

Background:Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering.Objective:The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit.Methods:An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP).Results:Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength.Conclusion:This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.
Raspberry Pi Sebagai Pendeteksi Patahan pada Rel Kereta Api
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Adi Febri , Fajaryati Nuryake , Purpratama Ario Chandra , Santoso Rohmat 
Published: September 2020

Kereta api adalah salah satu transportasi umum yang banyak digunakan masyarakat. Untuk itu seluruh kereta api memerlukan perawatan setiap saat agar kenyamanan penumpang dapat dijamin. Tidak terkecuali rel sebagai jalur kereta sentiasa harus rawat oleh pengelola. Kerusakan rel kereta api dapat berupa patahan pada rel, sambungan rel yang terlalu jauh, dan halangan yang berada di sekitar rel kereta. Kerusakan tersebut dapat dideteksi menggunakan sensor ultrasonic yang dihubungkan dengan Raspberry Pi sebagai mini PC. Ketika sensor ultrasonic mendeteksi kerusakan, maka Raspberry Pi akan mengunggah data kerusakan beserta koordinat lokasi kerusakan yang didapat dari GPS yang terpasang ke database Firebase. Daftar kerusakan rel kereta api ditampilkan dalam bentuk web.
PERMANENT SYNCHRON MAGNET MOTOR SPEED OBSERVER BASED ON LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE REGRESSION
Authors: Yuhendri Muldi , Hambali Hambali , Muskhir Mukhlidi 
Published: September 2020

Motor speed control requires motor speed data as feedback from control actions. Motor speed data is usually obtained from the speed sensor. In this paper, the motor speed observer for permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed to obtain motor speed data based on motor back emf voltage making it more economical without a speed sensor. The Speed observer is designed based on the Model Reference Adapative System (MRAS) with using Least Squares Support Vector Machine Regression (LSSVMR) algorithm for adaptation mechanism tools. The proposed speed observer is tested with varying motor speeds. The test results show that the MRAS-based motor speed observer using LSSVMR has successfully estimated the rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the back emf motor voltage. It can be seen from the maximum error of the motor speed, ie only 3.7 rpm at transient conditions and close to zero at steady state
CAPAIAN DAN STIMULASI ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN AGAMA PADA ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN
Authors: T M. Yusuf , Safitri Eka Diah , Masnah Siti , Ibadiyah Bahriatul 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perkembangan agama anak pada usia 5 tahun berdasarkan standar tingkat perkembangannya serta merumuskan stimulasi yang tepat untuk memaksimalkan perkembangan itu berdasarkan teori perkembangan anak. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengamatan terstruktur terhadap tiga orang anak yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria, yaitu: (1) berusia 5 tahun; (2) bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian; (3) dapat dijangkau secara fisik. Dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara, instrumen disiapkan mengikuti rumusan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA) PAUD dan dianalisis secara deskriptif-naratif. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan STPPA, anak telah memenuhi capaian perkembangan pada aspek agama pada indikator: (1) mengenal agama yang dianutnya; (2) mengerjakan ibadah sederhana yang menjadi ajaran agama yang dianutnya; (3) mengetahui hari besar agamanya; dan (4) menghormati agama orang lain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pula ditemukan beberapa stimulasi yang dapat meningkatkan capaian aspek perkembangan agama pada anak usia 5 tahun, yaitu: (1) mendongeng di depan anak tentang kisah tokoh agama; (2) mengingatkan anak untuk melakukan ibadah; (3) memberi anak contoh perbuatan yang baik; (4) memberi anak reward jika anak berperilaku positif.
Profesionalisme Dakwah Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Hendra Tomi 
Published: September 2020

Da'wah is a very noble activity, where a missionary interpreter seeks to convey the message of truth to the community, with the aim of inviting the community to be able to become better in life. The missionary activities are not only limited to the delivery of religious messages, but the activities of the missionary interpreter must be realized in the form of professionalism in preaching. Da'wah is not only concerned with the interests of the group but the common interest, from this point of view the professionalism of the missionary interpreter is highly demanded, so that it does not harm other parties as the target. In the community the missionary interpreter is not limited to conveying religious messages to the community at large, but a missionary interpreter must be able to play a role in community empowerment. By playing a role as an agent of empowerment, it will increasingly appear professionalism for a missionary interpreter. This paper is to find out how professional propaganda in community empowerment. A missionary interpreter has two important roles in community life; First, as a messenger of religious messages, secondly, as agents of empowerment for the community, so that with these two important roles Islam can be integrated into community empowerment by mixing all dimensions of people's lives in it.Keywords: Da'wah Professionalism in Community Empowerment. Abstrak Dakwah merupakan aktifitas yang sangat mulia, dimana seorang juru dakwah berupaya menyampaikan risalah kebenaran kepada masyarakat, dengan tujuan mengajak masyarakat mampu menjadi yang lebih baik lagi dalam kehidupan. Aktifitas juru dakwah tidak hanya sebatas dari penyampai pesan-pesan agama, tetapi aktifitas juru dakwah ini harus diwujudkan dalam bentuk profesionalisme dalam berdakwah. Berdakwah tidak hanya mementingkan kepentingan golongan tetapi kepentingan bersama, dari sudut pandang inilah profesionalisme juru dakwah sangat dituntut, sehingga tidak merugikan pihak lain apa lagi masyarakat sebagai sasarannya. Dalam lingkungan masyarakat juru dakwah bukan sebatas dari menyampaikan pesan-pesan agama kepada masyarakat secara luas, tetapi seorang juru dakwah harus mampu berperan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dengan memainkan peran sebagai agen pemberdayaan, maka akan semakin tampak profesionalime seorang juru dakwah. Tulisan ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana propfesional dakwah dalam melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Seorang juru dakwah memiliki dua peran penting dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat; Pertama, sebagai penyampai pesan-pesan agama, kedua, sebagai agen pemberdayaan bagi masyarakat, Sehingga dengan dua peran penting ini Islam bisa teintegrasi dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan bercampur segala dimensi kehidupan masyarakat di dalamnya.Kata kunci: Profesionalisme Dakwah Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.
MASYARAKAT MADANI ANTARA SEMU DAN REALITA
Authors: Hasibuan Armyn 
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the civil society be the goal of missionary activity in the present and future. This paper uses a literature review of books about the themes in the study . After a study found that the civil society to achieve the necessary awareness, willingness , readiness , unity and national partnership patriotic , religious , selfless solidarity or socialism . It is something that is difficult to reach, so, it’s between realty and impossible but the first step has been started by the Prophet as a personal leader and manager.This is had ever exsist to example.Tulisan ini membahas tentang masyarakat madani yang menjadi tujuan dalam kegiatan dakwah pada masa sekarang dan akan datang. Tulisan ini menggunakan kajian literatur dari buku-buku yang berkenaan dengan tema kajian. Setelah dilakukan kajian mendapatkan bahwa untuk mencapai masyarakat madani diperlukan kesadaran, kemauan, kesediaan, kebersamaan dan kemitraan kebangsaan yang patriotis, religious, solidaritas atau sosialisme tanpa pamrih. Memang sesuatu yang sukar dicapai sampai orang mengatakan masyarakat madani antara semu dan realita, namun langkah awal telah dimulai oleh Rasulullah Saw sebagai pribadi yang leader dan manager.Tentu sesuatu yang telah pernah ada menjadi percontohan yang dapat ditiru dan diambil.
Peranan Praktek Menjahit di Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LKP) Inun: Strategi Pemberdayaan Perempuan
Authors: Budi Harahap Aisyah 
Published: September 2020

Inun Institute for Training and Training (LKP) is an institution under the auspices of the Binjai City Women's Empowerment Office authorized in the field of women's empowerment through a sewing skills program. The institution aims to create skilled workers in the field of sewing clothes. The institute educates trainees totaling 20 people consisting of housewives and women dropping out of school under experienced instructors. This training runs for 3 months. It is expected that after receiving training, participants will be able to be independent and be able to open their own jobs. This study aims to determine the role of LKP Inun in empowering women through sewing skills programs, as well as the economic impact after receiving training. The research method used is in the form of a qualitative study with literature. Data obtained from interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation.The results of the study found that trainees succeeded in increasing family income. It was evident from interviews that trainees could help with their children's education costs from the results of sewing wages.Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LKP) Inun merupakan lembaga dibawah naungan Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan kota Binjai yang berwenang dibidang pemberdayaan perempuan melalui program keterampilan menjahit Lembaga yang bertujuan menciptakan tenaga terampil dibidang penjahitan pakaian ini memberdayakan perempuan khususnya di kota Binjai agar mampu mandiri dalam bidang perekonomian. Lembaga tersebut mendidik peserta latihan yang berjumlah 20 orang yang terdiri dari ibu rumah tangga dan wanita putus sekolah di bawah instruktur yang berpengalaman. Pelatihan ini berjalan selama 3 bulan. Diharapkan setelah mendapatkan pelatihan, peserta mampu mandiri dan bisa membuka lapangan pekerjaan sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran LKP Inun dalam memberdayakan perempuan melalui program keterampilan menjahit, serta dampak perekonomian setelah mendapatkan pelatihan. Metode penelitian yang dipakai berbentuk kualitatif dengan pendalaman pustaka. Data didapat dari wawancara, observasi non partisipan, serta dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian didapat bahwa peserta latihan berhasil meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Terbukti dari wawancara bahwa peserta latihan bisa membantu biaya pendidikan anaknya dari hasil upah menjahit.Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Perempuan
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MEMBERDAYAKAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH
Authors: Damanik Adlin 
Published: September 2020

Pembangunan berdimensi jamak, meliputi aspek sosial, ekonomi, ekologi dan institusi. Keterbelakangan dan ketertinggalan yang terjadi pada suatu daerah merupakan kondisi objektif yang harus dipikirkan dalam setiap proses pembangunan. Bagaimanapun proses pembangunan menghasilkan konsekuensi. Upaya menanggulangi keterbelakangan masyarakat dapat dilakukan melalui usaha yang mendasar, yakni secara sektoral, segmental (bagian) dan spatial (lokasi/ruang/tempat). Paradigma pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat menjadi kata kunci untuk keluar dari problem keterbelakangan dalam konteks pembangunan daerah. Dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat, pemerintah daerah dituntut memformulasi konsep yang jelas dan terarah bagi arah pembangunan dan pengembangan daerah dengan beragam potensi yang dimilikinya untuk kemudian digunakan dan dimanfaatkan menuju kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan masyarakat di daerah secara nyata. Kata Kunci: Pemerintah Daerah dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
The Solution to Overcome Conflicts in the Protection of Trademarks and Trade Names
Authors: Thi Thanh Dang , Quang Nguyen Nhat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose solutions to overcome conflicts between industrial property rights over trademarks and industrial property rights over trade names. The research tasks consist of: Identifying the cause and the nature of the conflict, the mechanism to deal with the conflict under Vietnam current law; Pointing out unresolved issues in that mechanism, comparing with intellectual property law and practice of other countries to look for proper solutions for Vietnam.
Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine in Human Hair by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Quoc Chinh Pham , Thi Thu Ha Pham , Mai Dung Nguyen , Huu Phuoc Vu , Duc Loi Vu , Tien Vung Nguyen 
Published: September 2020

This article develops a combined solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) procedure for determining amphetamine-type stimulants Amphetamine (AM) and Methamphetamine (MA) in human hair. Hair samples were incubated in methanol containing 1% hydrochloric acid in 18 hours and then subjected to SPE. The obtained extracts were evaporated to dryness, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) at 70 °C for 30 minutes prior to GC–MS analysis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was run on HP5-MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) with detector MS 5975C. Experimentally, the proposed method proved sensitive, simple and time-saving, but quite accurate with a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.05ng/mg) and quantitation (LOQ = 0.15ng/mg).
Keywords:
SPE, GC – MS, hair samples, amphetamine, methamphetamine.
References
[1] Ming-Ren Fuh, Ti-Yu Wu and Tzuen-Yeuan Lin, Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in urine by solid phase extraction and ion-pair liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry Talanta, 68 (3) (2006), 987-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.057[2] Naresh C. Jain, Thomas C. Sneath, and Robert D. Budd, Rapid Gas-Chomatographic Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine in urine, Clinical Chemistry, 20 (11) (1974) 1460-1462. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.11.1460.[3] Dong-liang Lin, Rea-Ming Yin, Ray H. Liu, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy- amphetamine and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in Human Hair and Hair Sections, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 13(2) (2005) 193-200. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2526[4] María Jesús Tabernero, Maria Linda Felli, Ana María Bermejo, Marcello Chiarotti, Determination of ketamine and amphetamines in hair by LC/MS/MS, Anal Bioanal Chem, 395(2009), 2547–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3163-4.[5] D.V. Doan, D.Q. Huy, N.D. Hue, T.M. Tri, Determination of methamphetamine in urine samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry combined with solid phase extraction technique, Journal of Science and Technology 47 (6) (2009) 53-58 (in Vietnamese).[6] Rodger L. Foltz, Allison F. Fentiman, Ruth B. Foltz, GC/MS Assays for Abused Drugs in Body Fluids, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Maryland, 1980.[7] AOAC, Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements, AOAC official methods of analysis, Maryland, 2016.[8] Eunyoung Han, Martin P. Paulus, Marc Wittmann, Heesun Chung, Joon myong Song, Hair analysis and self-report of methamphetamine use by methamphetamine dependent individuals, Journal of Chromatography B, 879 (2011) 541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.002.
Genetic characterization of a case of sellar metastasis from bronchial carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Christopher S . Hong , Kundishora Adam J. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Koo Andrew B. , Beckta Jason M. , McGuone Declan , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Omay Sacit Bulent 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Metastasis to the pituitary gland from neuroendocrine tumors is a rare occurrence that may originate from primary tumors the lung, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, and pancreas, among others. Patients may present with signs of endocrine dysfunction secondary to pituitary involvement, as well as mass effect-related symptoms including headaches and visual deficits. Despite a small but accumulating body of literature describing the clinical and histopathological correlates for pituitary metastases from neuroendocrine tumors, the genetic basis underlying this presentation remains poorly characterized.

Case Description:
We report the case of a 68-year-old with a history of lung carcinoid tumor who developed a suprasellar lesion, causing mild visual deficits but otherwise without clinical or biochemical endocrine abnormalities. She underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of her tumor with final pathology confirming metastasis from her original neuroendocrine tumor. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the resected sellar tumor and matching blood, revealing increased genomic instability and key mutations in PTCH1 and BCOR that have been previously implicated in both systemic neuroendocrine and primary pituitary tumors with potentially actionable therapeutic targets.

Conclusion:
This is the first genomic characterization of a metastatic tumor to the sella and reports potential genetic insight, implicating PTCH1 and BCOR mutations, into the pathophysiology of sellar metastasis from primary systemic tumors.
Relationship of superior sagittal sinus with sagittal midline: A surgical application
Authors: Oberman Dan Zimelewicz , Rabelo Nícollas Nunes , Correa Jorge Luiz Amorim , Ajler Pablo 
Published: September 2020

Background:Interhemispheric approach is widely used to surgical management of midline tumors and vascular lesion in and around the third ventricle. Complete exposure of the superior sagittal sinus to obtain adequate working space of midline lesion is difficult, because of the risk to inadvertent injury to the sinus and bridging veins, which may cause several neurological deficits. Understanding the SSS neuroanatomy and its relationships with external surgical landmarks avoid such complications. The objective of this study is to accurately describe the position of SSS and its displacement in relation with sagittal midline by magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Magnetic resonance image of 76 adult patients with no pathological imaging was analyzed. The position of the halfway between nasion and bregma, bregma, halfway between bregma and lambda, and lambda was performed. The width and the displacement of the superior sagittal sinus accordingly to the sagittal midline were assessed in those landmarks.Results:The mean width of superior sagittal sinus at halfway between nasion and bregma, bregma, halfway between bregma and lambda, and lambda was 5.62 ± 2.5, 6.5 ± 2.8, 7.4 ± 3.2, and 8.5 ± 2.1 mm, respectively, without gender discrepancy. The mean displacement according to the midline at those landmarks showed a statistically significant difference to the right side among sexes.Conclusion:In this study, we demonstrate that sagittal midline may approximate external location of the superior sagittal sinus. Our data showed that in the majority of the cases, the superior sagittal sinus is displaced to the right side of sagittal midline as far as 16.3 mm. The data we obtained provide useful information that suggest that neurosurgeons should use safety margin to perform burr holes and drillings at the sagittal midline.