bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe2S: The Most Fe‐Rich Iron Sulfide at the Earth's Inner Core Pressures
Authors: Tateno Shigehiko , Ozawa Haruka , Hirose Kei , Suzuki Toshihiro , I‐Kawaguchi Saori , Hirao Naohisa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined the phase relation of Fe2S to 306 GPa and 3,000 K and found that Fe2S forms an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma above 190 GPa. Reexamination of previous X‐ray diffraction data demonstrated that hexagonal close‐packed Fe coexists with Pnma Fe2S at >2,700 K and ~290 GPa, while it concurs with CsCl (B2)‐type stoichiometric FeS at lower temperatures. Our results indicate that Fe2S is the most Fe‐rich iron sulfide above ~250 GPa where Fe3S is not stable. It is most likely that eutectic melting occurs between Fe and Fe2S at 330 GPa corresponding to inner core boundary conditions, instead of between Fe and Fe3S below 250 GPa. The compression curve of Fe2S obtained to 294 GPa shows that it is not dense enough to account for the inner core density, suggesting that the Fe‐Fe2S eutectic liquid gives the maximum sulfur concentration in the outer core.
Optimization of culture conditions for the expression of three different insoluble proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Gutiérrez-González Matías , Farías Camila , Tello Samantha , Pérez-Etcheverry Diana , Romero Alfonso , Zúñiga Roberto , Ribeiro Carolina H. , Lorenzo-Ferreiro Carmen , Molina María Carmen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecombinant protein expression for structural and therapeutic applications requires the use of systems with high expression yields. Escherichia coli is considered the workhorse for this purpose, given its fast growth rate and feasible manipulation. However, bacterial inclusion body formation remains a challenge for further protein purification. We analyzed and optimized the expression conditions for three different proteins: an anti-MICA scFv, MICA, and p19 subunit of IL-23. We used a response surface methodology based on a three-level Box-Behnken design, which included three factors: post-induction temperature, post-induction time and IPTG concentration. Comparing this information with soluble protein data in a principal component analysis revealed that insoluble and soluble proteins have different optimal conditions for post-induction temperature, post-induction time, IPTG concentration and in amino acid sequence features. Finally, we optimized the refolding conditions of the least expressed protein, anti-MICA scFv, using a fast dilution protocol with different additives, obtaining soluble and active scFv for binding assays. These results allowed us to obtain higher yields of proteins expressed in inclusion bodies. Further studies using the system proposed in this study may lead to the identification of optimal environmental factors for a given protein sequence, favoring the acceleration of bioprocess development and structural studies.
Enhancing the durable performance of LiMn2O4 at high-rate and elevated temperature by nickel-magnesium dual doping
Authors: Yu Yue , Guo Junming , Xiang Mingwu , Su Changwei , Liu Xiaofang , Bai Hongli , Bai Wei , Duan Kaijiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVarious nickel and magnesium dual-doped LiNixMg0.08Mn1.92−xO4 (x ≤ 0.15) were synthesized via a modified solid-state combustion method. All as-prepared samples show typical spinel phase with a well-defined polyhedron morphology. The Ni-Mg dual-doping obviously decreases the lattice parameter that gives rise to the lattice contraction. Owing to the synergistic merits of metal ions co-doping, the optimized LiNi0.03Mg0.08Mn1.89O4 delivers high initial capacity of 115.9 and 92.9 mAh·g−1, whilst retains 77.1 and 69.7 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C and high current rate of 20 C, respectively. Even at 10 C and 55 °C, the LiNi0.03Mg0.08Mn1.89O4 also has a discharge capacity of 92.2 mAh·g−1 and endures 500 cycles long-term life. Such excellent results are contributed to the fast Li+ diffusion and robust structure stability. The anatomical analysis of the 1000 long-cycled LiNi0.03Mg0.08Mn1.89O4 electrode further demonstrates the stable spinel structure via the mitigation of Jahn-Teller effect. Hence, the Ni-Mg co-doping can be a potential strategy to improve the high-rate capability and long cycle properties of cathode materials.
Osteoporose/Frakturen bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Grund Stefan , Büchele Gisela , Rapp Kilian 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose und Frakturen treten bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung häufig auf, werden aber dafür zu selten diagnostiziert. Die Ursachen für das erhöhte Risiko einer Osteoporose und die ebenfalls erhöhte Sturzrate sind vielfältig. Immobilität, verminderte Sonnenlichtexposition, hormonelle Störungen zum Beispiel im Rahmen eines Hypogonadismus, antiepileptische und antipsychotische Medikamente und aus der Behinderung folgende Balanceprobleme gehören dazu. Die Diagnostik von Osteoporose und Frakturen kann bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung erschwert sein. Einschränkungen in der Kommunikation erhöhen die Gefahr, Frakturen verzögert zu diagnostizieren oder gar zu übersehen. Ein frühes Screening auf Osteoporose, die Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren und eine individuelle Behandlung der Osteoporose sind notwendig. Gleichzeitig sind Sturzpräventionsmaßnahmen wie z. B. körperliches Training oder eine Anpassung der Umgebung sinnvoll.
Weighed query-specific distance and hybrid NARX neural network for video object retrieval
Authors: Ghuge C A , Chandra Prakash V , Ruikar Sachin D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The technical revolution in the field of video recording using the surveillance videos has increased the amount of the video databases that caused the need for an efficient video management system. This paper proposes a hybrid model using the nearest search algorithm (NSA) and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM)-based non-linear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network for performing the video object retrieval using the trajectories. Initially, the position of the objects in the video are retrieved using NSA and NARX individually, and they are averaged to determine the position of the object. The positions determined using the hybrid model is compared with the original database, and the trajectories of the objects are retrieved based on the minimum distance, which depends on the weighed query-specific distance. Experiments have been carried out using seven videos taken from the CAVIAR dataset, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing methods. This proposed method found to be better than the existing method with respect to multiple object tracking precision (MOTP), multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA), average tracking accuracy (ATA), precision, recall and F-measure that results a greater MOTP rate of 0.8796, precision rate of 0.8154, recall rate of 0.8408, the F-measure at a rate of 0.8371, MOTA of 0.8459 and ATA of 0.8324.
An investigation into the sensitivity of postglacial decay times to uncertainty in the adopted ice history
Authors: Kuchar Joseph , Milne Glenn , Hill Alexander , Tarasov Lev , Nordman Maaria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At the centers of previously glaciated regions such as Hudson Bay in Canada and the Gulf of Bothnia in Fennoscandia, it has been observed that the sea level history follows an exponential form and that the associated decay time is relatively insensitive to uncertainty in the ice loading history. We revisit the issue of decay time sensitivity by computing relative sea level histories for Richmond Gulf and James Bay in Hudson Bay and Ångerman River in Sweden for a suite of reconstructions of the North American and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets and Earth viscosity profiles. We find that while some Earth viscosity models do indeed show insensitivity in computed decay times to the ice history, this is not true in all cases. Moreover, we find that the location of the study site relative to the geometry of the ice sheet is an important factor in determining ice sensitivity, and based on our set of ice sheet reconstructions, conclude that the location of James Bay is not well-suited to a decay time analysis. We describe novel corrections to the RSL data to remove the effects associated with the spatial distribution of sea level indicators as well as for other signals unrelated to regional ice loading (ocean loading, rotation and global mean sea-level changes) and demonstrate that they can significantly affect the inference of viscosity structure. We performed a forward modelling analysis based on a commonly adopted 2-layer, sub-lithosphere viscosity structure to determine how the solution space of viscosity models changes with the input ice history at the three study sites. While the solution spaces depend on ice history, for both Richmond Gulf and Ångerman River there are regions of parameter space where solutions are common across all or most ice histories, indicating low ice load sensitivity for these mantle viscosity parameters. For example, in Richmond Gulf, upper mantle viscosity values of (0.3–0.5)x1021 Pa s and lower mantle viscosity values of (5–50)x1021 Pa s tend to satisfy the data constraint consistently for most ice histories considered in this study. Similarly, the Ångerman River solution spaces contain a solution with an upper mantle viscosity of 0.3 × 1021 Pa s and lower mantle viscosity values of (5–50)x1021 Pa s common to 9 of the 10 ice histories considered there. However, the dependence of the viscosity solution space on ice history suggests that joint estimation of ice and Earth parameters is the optimal approach.
The impact of hospital attributes on patient choice for first visit: evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Yun , Kong Qingxia , Wang Shan , Zhong Liwei , van de Klundert Joris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The underutilization of primary care in urban China threatens the efficiency and effectiveness of the Chinese health system. To guide patient flow to primary care, the Chinese government has rolled out a sequence of health care reforms which improve the affordability, the infrastructure and workforce of the primary care system. However, these measures have not yielded the desired effect on the utilization of primary care, which is lowest in urban areas. It is unclear how the factors identified to influence facility choice in urban China are actually impacting choice behaviour. We conducted a discrete choice experiment to elicit the quantitative impact of facility attributes when choosing a health care facility for first visit and analysed how the stated choice varies with these attributes. We found that the respondents placed different weights on the identified attributes, depending on whether they perceived their condition to be minor or severe. For conditions perceived as minor, the respondents valued visit time, equipment and medical skill most. For conditions perceived as severe, they placed most importance on equipment, travel time and facility size. We found that for conditions perceived as minor, only 14% preferred visiting a facility over opting out, a percentage which would more than double to 37% if community health centres were maximally improved. For conditions perceived as severe, improvements in community health centres may almost double first visits to primary care, mostly from patients who would otherwise choose higher-level facilities. Our findings suggest that for both severity conditions, improvements to medical equipment and medical skill at community health centres in urban China can effectively direct patient flow to primary care and promote the efficiency and effectiveness of the urban health system.
The Construction of Gender and Sexuality in the Approach of Key International Law Actors to the Circumcision of Children
Authors: Sandland Ralph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the approach of key international actors to the circumcision of children, seeking, first, to understand why the policy towards the circumcision or genital cutting of girls is so different from that towards boys. As part of this project, the article considers the literature on the situation in international law, concluding that the legal position is unclear and debatable. The article notes, however, that the policy difference is justified not by key actors by reference to international law but instead by reference to their theoretical understanding of how dynamics of gender and power infuse the genital cutting of girls. The article suggests that this approach is deficient because it can only compute inter-gender harm and not intra-gender harm, with the consequence that it fails to protect boy children from harms, which a better crafted theoretical model of gender and sexuality would capture.
Evaluating Vascularization of Heterotopic Islet Constructs for Type 1 Diabetes Using an In Vitro Platform
Authors: Bowles Annie C , Ishahak Matthew M , Glover Samuel J , Correa Diego , Agarwal Ashutosh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Clinical islet transplantation from healthy donors is proposed to ameliorate symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance the life span of afflicted T1D patients. However, post-transplant outcomes are dependent on the survival of the transplanted islets, which relies on the engraftment of the islets with the recipient’s vasculature among other factors. Treatment strategies to improve engraftment include combining islets with supporting cells including endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), dynamic cells capable of robust immunomodulatory and vasculogenic effects. In this study, we developed an in vitro model of transplantation to investigate the cellular mechanisms that enhance rapid vascularization of heterotopic islet constructs. Self-assembled vascular beds of fluorescently stained EC served as reproducible in vitro transplantation sites. Heterotopic islet constructs composed of islets, EC, and MSC were transferred to vascular beds for modeling transplantation. Time-lapsed imaging was performed for analysis of the vascular bed remodeling for parameters of neo-vascularization. Moreover, sampling of media following modeled transplantation showed secretory profiles that were correlated with imaging analyses as well as with islet function using glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, evidence revealed that heterotopic constructs consisting of islets, EC, and MSC exhibited the most rapid recruitment and robust branching of cells from the vascular beds suggesting enhanced neo-vascularization compared to islets alone and control constructs. Together, this evidence supports a promising cell transplantation strategy for T1D and also demonstrates a valuable tool for rapidly investigating candidate cellular therapies for transplantation.
Characterization of PomA periplasmic loop and sodium ion entering in stator complex of sodium-driven flagellar motor
Authors: Nishikino Tatsuro , Iwatsuki Hiroto , Mino Taira , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bacterial flagellar motor is a rotary nanomachine driven by ion flow. The flagellar stator complex, which is composed of two proteins, PomA and PomB, performs energy transduction in marine Vibrio. PomA is a four transmembrane (TM) protein and the cytoplasmic region between TM2 and TM3 (loop2–3) interacts with the rotor protein FliG to generate torque. The periplasmic regions between TM1 and TM2 (loop1–2) and TM3 and TM4 (loop3–4) are candidates to be at the entrance to the transmembrane ion channel of the stator. In this study, we purified the stator complex with cysteine replacements in the periplasmic loops and assessed the reactivity of the protein with biotin maleimide (BM). BM easily modified Cys residues in loop3–4 but hardly labelled Cys residues in loop1–2. We could not purify the plug deletion stator (ΔL stator) composed of PomBΔ41–120 and WT-PomA but could do the ΔL stator with PomA-D31C of loop1–2 or with PomB-D24N of TM. When the ion channel is closed, PomA and PomB interact strongly. When the ion channel opens, PomA interacts less tightly with PomB. The plug and loop1–2 region regulate this activation of the stator, which depends on the binding of sodium ion to the D24 residue of PomB.
Meaning and ‘Material Reality’: Jane Morris’ Keepsake Books
Authors: Amos Johanna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Though long overshadowed by her socialist–designer husband, Jane Burden Morris, wife of arts and crafts pioneer William Morris, has begun to receive recognition for her contributions to the alternative art movements of the nineteenth century, including her work as a Pre-Raphaelite model and arts and crafts embroiderer. This article furthers this exploration by examining Jane Morris’ engagement with the book arts. Through an analysis of the textual, visual and material qualities of four keepsake volumes Morris made c.1880, this article considers how the books illuminate Morris’ material reality and emphasize their maker’s commitment to socialist ideals, artistic labour, and collaborative working. It further situates Morris’ keepsake volumes within the nineteenth-century reinvigoration of the book arts and the arts and crafts movement in order to consider the ways in which arts and crafts ideals penetrated amateur domestic production.
Origins, function, and regulation of the TOC–TIC general protein import machinery of plastids
Authors: Richardson Lynn G L , Schnell Danny J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The evolution of chloroplasts from the original endosymbiont involved the transfer of thousands of genes from the ancestral bacterial genome to the host nucleus, thereby combining the two genetic systems to facilitate coordination of gene expression and achieve integration of host and organelle functions. A key element of successful endosymbiosis was the evolution of a unique protein import system to selectively and efficiently target nuclear-encoded proteins to their site of function within the chloroplast after synthesis in the cytoplasm. The chloroplast TOC–TIC (translocon at the outer chloroplast envelope–translocon at the inner chloroplast envelope) general protein import system is conserved across the plant kingdom, and is a system of hybrid origin, with core membrane transport components adapted from bacterial protein targeting systems, and additional components adapted from host genes to confer the specificity and directionality of import. In vascular plants, the TOC–TIC system has diversified to mediate the import of specific, functionally related classes of plastid proteins. This functional diversification occurred as the plastid family expanded to fulfill cell- and tissue-specific functions in terrestrial plants. In addition, there is growing evidence that direct regulation of TOC–TIC activities plays an essential role in the dynamic remodeling of the organelle proteome that is required to coordinate plastid biogenesis with developmental and physiological events.
Jane Ellen Harrison and a Ritual Aesthetic: The Early 20th Century Turn Towards Materiality, Embodiment and Performativity in the Arts
Authors: Enemark Nina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article considers the classicist Jane Ellen Harrison’s ritual theory of art as part of an intellectual, cultural and aesthetic zeitgeist occurring at the beginning of the 20th century. While centred on ancient Greek culture and art, Harrison’s work is directly connected to her concerns with religion and art in her own time. Her theory posits ritual as the forgotten origin of art and theology and sees in the modern period a return to this source in both religion and art. I argue that her theory implies a particular aesthetic which speaks to key shifts happening concurrently across the arts in Europe and America, and that the scope of her theory, incorporating insights from a range of fields of study, makes it a useful and unique lens through which to contextualise and view important developments in the arts during this period. Leading examples of these developments are considered from the fields of visual art, literature, theatre and particularly dance.
PHI-base: the pathogen–host interactions database
Authors: Urban Martin , Cuzick Alayne , Seager James , Wood Valerie , Rutherford Kim , Venkatesh Shilpa Yagwakote , De Silva Nishadi , Martinez Manuel Carbajo , Pedro Helder , Yates Andy D , Hassani-Pak Keywan , Hammond-Kosack Kim E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The pathogen–host interactions database (PHI-base) is available at www.phi-base.org. PHI-base contains expertly curated molecular and biological information on genes proven to affect the outcome of pathogen–host interactions reported in peer reviewed research articles. PHI-base also curates literature describing specific gene alterations that did not affect the disease interaction phenotype, in order to provide complete datasets for comparative purposes. Viruses are not included, due to their extensive coverage in other databases. In this article, we describe the increased data content of PHI-base, plus new database features and further integration with complementary databases. The release of PHI-base version 4.8 (September 2019) contains 3454 manually curated references, and provides information on 6780 genes from 268 pathogens, tested on 210 hosts in 13,801 interactions. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens are represented in almost equal numbers. Host species consist of approximately 60% plants (split 50:50 between cereal and non-cereal plants), and 40% other species of medical and/or environmental importance. The information available on pathogen effectors has risen by more than a third, and the entries for pathogens that infect crop species of global importance has dramatically increased in this release. We also briefly describe the future direction of the PHI-base project, and some existing problems with the PHI-base curation process.
Localized Acral Sclerosing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A New Form of Presentation of Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Garrido Maria C. , Salido-Vallejo Rafael , Revilla Enrique , Salvatierra Juan , Rodriguez-Peralto Jose-Luis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder, more frequent in children, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of Langerhans cells admixed with eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on whether a single or multiple organs are affected. Skin lesions are common in LCH (40% of cases) and represent a frequent form of presentation (in up to 80% of cases). Cutaneous manifestations of LCH are highly variable, frequently presenting as crusted papules or scaly seborrheic-like lesions localized in the scalp. We report the first case of a localized acral sclerosing LCH, a new form of LCH. This case highlights the broad and surprising form of presentation of LCH which may be overlooked and can significantly delay its diagnosis. The development of systemic disease may occur months to years after the initial skin presentation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may prevent progression to systemic disease, as documented in some cases.