bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Modeling of Heliospheric Space Weather for the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Odstrcil Dusan , Mays M. Leila , Hess Phillip , Jones Shaela I. , Henney Carl J. , Arge Charles N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The interpretation of multi-spacecraft heliospheric observations and three-dimensional reconstruction of the structured and evolving solar wind with propagating and interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a challenging task. Numerical simulations can provide global context and suggest what may and may not be observed. The Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) provides both mission science and space weather support to all heliospheric missions. Currently, this is realized by real-time simulations of the corotating and transient disturbances by the WSA-ENLIL-Cone model. We have simulated the heliospheric space weather relevant to the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission since 2018 September and provided numerical results to our colleagues analyzing in situ measurements published in the ApJS Special Issue. In this paper, we do not analyze PSP data, but we present recent updates in simulating the background solar wind and compare them with an existing operational model around the first PSP Perihelion, from 2018 October to 2018 December. We introduce new tools that assist in the interpretation of remote observations and in situ measurements useful for PSP and other missions, and for predicting heliospheric space weather. We also use this opportunity to evaluate recent improvements in the WSA and ADAPT-WSA coronal models that are being transitioned and considered to be transitioned, respectively, to operations. Finally, we simulate CME-like hydrodynamic ejecta with various parameters and calculated synthetic white-light images that can be used for “mid-course” correction of operational predictions.
La relation entre science et théologie et l’utilisation du réalisme critique
Authors: Poirot-Betting Estelle 
Published: March 2020

L’article a pour objectif de rendre compte du réalisme critique introduit par le théologien Ian Barbour afin d’établir un « pont » entre science et théologie. Nous verrons pourquoi et comment Ian Barbour utilise cette philosophie qui relie le mieux, selon lui, l’ontologie et l’épistémologie pour proposer un dialogue voire une intégration entre science et théologie. Ce réalisme critique a ensuite été repris par d’autres scientifiques-théologiens notamment Peacocke et Polkinghorne avec quelques nuances qui sont ici analysées.
Bone Marrow Monocytes and Derived Dendritic Cells from Myelodysplastic Patients Have Functional Abnormalities Associated with Defective Response to Bacterial Infection
Authors: Bento Laiz C. , Bacal Nydia S. , Rocha Fernanda A. , Severino Patricia , Marti Luciana C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by dysplasia of one or more hematologic lineages and a high risk of developing into acute myeloid leukemia. MDS patients have recurrent bacterial infections and abnormal expression of CD56 by monocytes. We investigated MDS patients’ bone marrow CD56+/CD56− monocytes and their in vitro–derived dendritic cell populations in comparison with cells obtained from disease-free subjects. We found that monocytes from MDS patients, irrespective of CD56 expression, have reduced phagocytosis activity and low expression of genes involved in triggering immune responses, regulation of immune and inflammatory response signaling pathways, and in the response to LPS. Dendritic cells derived in vitro from MDS monocytes failed to develop dendritic projections and had reduced expression of HLA-DR and CD86, suggesting that Ag processing and T cell activation capabilities are impaired. In conclusion, we identified, in both CD56+ and CD56− monocytes from MDS patients, several abnormalities that may be related to the increased susceptibility to infections observed in these patients.
E-ASSESS: Creating an EPA Assessment Tool for Structured Simulated Emergency Scenarios
Authors: Andler Caroline , Daya Sneha , Kowalek Katie , Boscardin Christy , van Schaik Sandrijn M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The entrustable professional activity (EPA) assessment framework allows supervisors to assign entrustment levels to physician trainees for specific activities. Limited opportunity for direct observation of trainees hampers entrustment decisions, in particular for infrequently performed activities. Simulation allows for direct observation, so tools to assess performance of EPAs in simulation could potentially provide additional data to complement clinical assessments.

Objective
We developed and collected validity evidence for a simulation-based tool grounded in the EPA framework.

Methods
We developed E-ASSESS (EPA Assessment for Structured Simulated Emergency ScenarioS) to assess performance in 2 EPAs among pediatric residents participating in simulation-based team training in 2017–2018. We collected validity data, applying Messick's unitary view. Three raters used E-ASSESS to assign entrustment levels based on performance in simulation. We compared those ratings to entrustment levels assigned by clinical supervisors (different from the study raters) for the same residents on a separate tool designed for clinical practice. We calculated intraclass correlation (ICC) for each tool and Pearson correlation coefficients to compare ratings between tools.

Results
Twenty-eight residents participated in the study. The ICC between the 3 raters for entrustment ratings on E-ASSESS ranged from 0.65 to 0.77, while ICC among raters of the clinical tool were 0.59 and 0.57. We found no significant correlations between E-ASSESS ratings and clinical practice ratings for either EPA (r = -0.35 and 0.38, P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Assessment following an EPA framework in the simulation context may be useful to provide data points to inform entrustment decisions as part of resident assessment.
Effects of Loading Spectra on High pH Crack Growth Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Niazi Hamid , Chevil Karina , Gamboa Erwin , Lamborn Lyndon , Chen Weixing , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2020

The effects of mechanical factors on crack growth behavior during the second stage of high pH stress corrosion cracking in pipeline steel were investigated by applying several loading scenarios on compact tension (CT) specimens. The main mechanism for stage 2 of intergranular crack propagation is anodic dissolution ahead of the crack tip which is highly dependent on crack-tip strain rate. The maximum and minimum crack growth rates were 3 × 10−7 mm/s and 1 × 10−7 mm/s, respectively. It was observed that several factors such as mean stress intensity factor, amplitude, and frequency of loading cycles determine the crack-tip strain rate. Low R-ratio cycles, particularly high-frequency ones, enhance secondary crack initiation, and crack coalescence on the free surface. This mechanism accelerates crack advance on the free surface which is accompanied with an increase in mechanical driving force for crack propagation in the thickness direction. These findings have implications for pipeline operators and could be used to increase the lifespan of the cracked pipelines at stage 2. For those pipelines, any loading condition that increases the strain rate ahead of the crack tip enhances anodic dissolution and is detrimental. Additionally, secondary crack initiation and coalescence could be minimized by avoiding internal pressure fluctuation, particularly rapid large pressure fluctuations.
Para além da fórmula do amor: amor romântico como elemento central na construção do mercado do afeto via aplicativos
Authors: Jardim Maria Chaves 
Published: March 2020

Os aplicativos se tornaram ferramentas centrais nas interações contemporâneas, fabricando diversos tipos de consumo, inclusive o consumo de afetos. Apesar do inegável crescimento do mercado do amor, sustendo pelos algoritmos, argumento que estes não fazem mágica por si só. Com base em pesquisa empírica com mulheres solteiras ou divorciadas entre 35-47 anos, procuro demonstrar que a cultura do amor romântico sustenta o mercado de aplicativos. A pesquisa contou com uma etnografia no aplicativo Tinder, com a realização de um curso online que busca pela profissionalização da paquera e observação participante em uma página fechada do Facebook. Os resultados apontam que a “fórmula do amor”, criada pelos matemáticos e inserida nos smartphones, não existe em um vácuo social; a crença no amor romântico e a illusio no casamento como ideário de felicidade, ajudam, em diálogo com o mercado de autoajuda, a sustentar o mercado de afeto virtual. Tem como inspiração teórica insights da sociologia econômica e conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu
Impact of tidal dynamics on diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Hudson Bay
Authors: Petrusevich Vladislav Y. , Dmitrenko Igor A. , Niemi Andrea , Kirillov Sergey A. , Kamula Christina Michelle , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Barber David G. , Ehn Jens K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Hudson Bay is a large seasonally ice-covered Canadian inland sea
connected to the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic through Foxe Basin and
Hudson Strait. This study investigates zooplankton distribution, dynamics,
and factors controlling them during open-water and ice cover periods (from
September 2016 to October 2017) in Hudson Bay. A mooring equipped with two
acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and a sediment trap was deployed
in September 2016 in Hudson Bay ∼190 km northeast from the
port of Churchill. The backscatter intensity and vertical velocity time
series showed a pattern typical for zooplankton diel vertical migration
(DVM). The sediment trap collected five zooplankton taxa including two
calanoid copepods (Calanus glacialis and Pseudocalanus spp.), a pelagic sea snail (Limacina helicina), a gelatinous arrow
worm (Parasagitta elegans), and an amphipod (Themisto libellula). From the acquired acoustic data we observed the
interaction of DVM with multiple factors including lunar light, tides, and water and sea ice dynamics. Solar illuminance was the major factor
determining migration pattern, but unlike at some other polar and subpolar
regions, moonlight had little effect on DVM, while tidal dynamics are
important. The presented data constitute the first-ever observed
DVM in Hudson Bay during winter and its interaction with the tidal
dynamics.
Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome in a Border Collie
Authors: Hegler Ashley K. , Grooters Amy M. , Dehghanpir Shannon D. , Gallaher Rebekah A. , Gaschen Lorrie E. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A 10 wk old female border collie was presented for hemorrhagic diarrhea and pelvic limb lameness. Examination revealed pain and effusion in multiple appendicular joints and pyrexia. Clinicopathologic testing revealed moderate neutropenia as well as nondegenerate neutrophilic inflammation in multiple joints. Radiographs showed capsular joint swelling and heterogeneous metaphyseal lucencies in the distal radius, ulna, femur, and tibia. Genetic testing confirmed a mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13B gene and a diagnosis of trapped neutrophil syndrome (TNS). Within 24 hr of initiating prednisone therapy (1 mg/kg, per os, q 12 hr), the dog was afebrile and nonpainful with normal ambulation. Lameness recurred twice over the next 5 mo. At 9 mo of age, diagnostics showed severe erosive polyarthritis of both stifles with an inflammatory leukogram and arthrocentesis findings consistent with septic arthritis, and the dog died despite antibiotic therapy. This is the first case of TNS described in the North American literature, and it is unique in that we had the opportunity to document progression of radiographic abnormalities over more than 6 mo. TNS should be considered in young border collies with signs suggestive of immune-mediated polyarthritis, septic arthritis, or hypertrophic osteodystrophy, combined with neutropenia or gastrointestinal signs.
Foralidad y fiscalidad en Guipuzcoa durante la guerra de la convencion (1793-1795)
Authors: Martín Gómez Justo 
Published: March 2020

Guipúzcoa mantenía en 1793 un régimen foral que permitía un sistema fiscal particular, a la vez que asumía una serie de obligaciones con respecto a la defensa de su frontera y de su Rey. Los pueblos mantenían, por su parte, un sistema fiscal propio para cubrir sus necesidades y contribuir, según se acordase en la Junta Provincial, a los gastos de la Provincia. Los gastos originados por la guerra fueron cubiertos tanto por los pueblos como por la Provincia, asumiendo cada uno la parte que les correspondía y valiéndose de su propio sistema de financiación. Al estar la Provincia exhausta económicamente, no tuvo otra alternativa que solicitar a los Obispos de Pamplona y Calahorra que les entregasen la plata y alhajas de las iglesias y conventos de la Provincia, con obligación de reintegro, para obtener con su producto los medios económicos con que hacer frente al invasor francés, conjuntamente con el ejército del Rey. In 1793 Guipuzkoa maintained a specific local regime and institutions collectively called “régimen foral” that provided For a particular tax system along with a number of customs and duties to pay for the defense of its borders and its King. Likewise, the Towns maintained their own tax system to cover their needs and contribute to the Province’s expenses, as agreed by the local governmental body called the “Junta Provincial”. The Towns on the one hand, and the Province on the other, each paid their share of the war expenses, using their own finances. Due to the financial collapse of the Province, it had no other choice but to ask the Bishop of Pampelune and Calahorra to hand over the silver and jewels belonging to the local Churches and Convents, which would be returned, in order for the Province to obtain the necessary resources to finance both the war against the French invader, together with the King’s army.
Overexpression of Myo1e promotes albumin endocytosis by mouse glomerular podocytes mediated by Dynamin
Authors: Shen Huijun , Bao Yu , Feng Chunyue , Fu Haidong , Mao Jianhua 
Published: March 2020

Background
As a fundamental process internalizing molecules from the plasma membrane, endocytosis plays a crucial role in podocyte biology. Our previous study has identified that overexpression of Myole may enhance podocyte endocytosis. However, its potential mechanism has been not well understand. Thus, we aimed to analyze whether albumin endocytosis by mouse glomerular podocytes is dependent on Myo1e expression. Also, we aimed to elucidate whether the underlying mechanism is mediated by Dynamin.

Methods
Firstly, mouse podocyte cells (MPC5) were treated with different concentrations of FITC-bovine serum albumin (BSA). The fluorescence intensity and cell viability were detected by flow cytometry and MTT assays, respectively. Afterwards, the optimal concentration of FITC-BSA was determined. Secondly, MPC5 cells were treated with Myole overexpression or knockdown. Cell morphology was observed under microscope. Immunofluorescence assay was used to determine the expression of F-actin. The protein expression of nephrin and podocin was detected by western blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect MPC5 cell apoptosis with annexin V. Finally, MPC5 cells were treated with Myole overexpression and/or Dynasore (a GTPase inhibitor of Dynamin). The fluorescence intensity was detected using flow cytometry assay.

Results
MPC5 endocytosis BSA was elevated with a concentration-dependent manner. MTT results showed that MPC5 cell viability was inhibited with a concentration-dependent manner. Myo1e overexpression promoted podocyte endocytic FITC-BSA, which was contrary to its knockdown. Under microscope, after inhibition of Myo1e, podocyte foot process fusion was observed. Myo1e overexpression promoted the expression of cytoskeleton F-actin and podocyte-specific molecules (nephrin and podocin) in podocyte endocytic FITC-BSA. Furthermore, we found that Myo1e promoted the apoptosis of podocytes. Dynasore attenuated the increase in endocytosis of FITC-BSA induced by Myo1e overexpression, suggesting that podocytes might mediate albumin endocytosis via Myo1e-Dynamin-Albumin.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that overexpression of Myo1e promotes albumin endocytosis in mouse glomerular podocyte endocytic albumin mediated by Dynamin.
Design of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Treatment Plant for Abattoir Wastewater (A Case of Apa Mmini Stream)
Authors: Daniel Ogbebor , Onyedikachukwu Ndekwu, Benneth 
Published: March 2020

Aim: The study aimed at designing a wastewater treatment method for removal of (Biological Oxygen Demand) BOD5 using Sequencing batch reactor (SBR).
Study Design: SBR functions as a fill-and-draw type of activated sludge system involving a single complete-mix reactor where all steps of an activated sludge process take place.
Methodology: The intermittent nature of slaughterhouse wastewaters favours batch treatment methods like sequence batch reactor (SBR). Attempts to remediate the impact of this BOD5 on the stream, led to the design of a sequence batch reactor which was designed to treat slaughterhouse effluent of 1000 L.
Results: The oxygen requirement for effective removal of BOD5 to 95% was determined to be 21.10513 kgO2/d, while L:B of 3:1 was considered for the reactor. Also, air mixing pressure for the design was 0.16835 bar, while settling velocity was .
Conclusion: To ensure proper treatment of BOD5 load of the slaughterhouse, a sequencing Batch reactor of 1000 litre carrying capacity was designed. For effective operation of this design, the pressure exerted by the mixing air was 0.16835 bar which was far greater than the pressure exerted by the reactor content and the nozzle. Settling velocity of 0.0003445 m/s for 0.887 hrs was required for the reactor to be stable and a theoretical air requirement of 1.6884 m³/d was calculated. Hence the power dissipated by the rising air bubbles to ensure efficient mixing of oxygen in the reactor was calculated as 26530003.91 Kilowatts. With these design parameters, the high BOD5 load downstream of the river can be treated to fall below the FMEnv recommended limit of 50 mg/l.
Complement evasion mechanisms of the systemic pathogens Yersiniae and Salmonellae
Authors: Krukonis Eric S. , Thomson Joshua J. 
Published: March 2020

Pathogens that colonize deep tissues and spread systemically encounter the innate host resistance mechanism of complement‐mediated lysis and complement opsonization leading to engulfment and degradation by phagocytic cells. Yersinia and Salmonella species have developed numerous strategies to block the antimicrobial effects of complement. These include recruitment of complement regulatory proteins factor H, C4BP, and vitronectin (Vn) as well as interference in late maturation events such as assembly of C9 into the membrane attack complex that leads to bacterial lysis. This review will discuss the contributions of various surface structures (proteins, lipopolysaccharide, and capsules) to evasion of complement‐mediated immune clearance of the systemic pathogens Yersiniae and Salmonellae. Bacterial proteins required for recruitment of complement regulatory proteins will be described, including the details of their interaction with host regulatory proteins, where known. The potential role of the surface proteases Pla (Yersinia pestis) and PgtE (Salmonella species) on the activity of complement regulatory proteins will also be addressed. Finally, the implications of complement inactivation on host cell interactions and host cell targeting for type 3 secretion will be discussed.
Improved prognostication of glioblastoma beyond molecular subtyping by transcriptional profiling of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jeanmougin Marine , Håvik Annette B. , Cekaite Lina , Brandal Petter , Sveen Anita , Meling Torstein R. , Ågesen Trude H. , Scheie David , Heim Sverre , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Lind Guro E. 
Published: March 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer, is characterized by a high level of molecular heterogeneity, and infiltration by various immune and stromal cell populations. Important advances have been made in deciphering the microenvironment of GBMs, but its association with existing molecular subtypes and its potential prognostic role remain elusive. We have investigated the abundance of infiltrating immune and stromal cells in silico, from gene expression profiles. Two cohorts, including in‐house normal brain and glioma samples (n = 70) and a large sample set from TCGA (n = 393), were combined into a single exploratory dataset. A third independent cohort (n = 124) was used for validation. Tumors were clustered based on their microenvironment infiltration profiles, and associations with known GBM molecular subtypes and patient outcome were tested a posteriori in a multivariable setting. We identified a subset of GBM samples with significantly higher abundances of most immune and stromal cell populations. This subset showed increased expression of both immune suppressor and immune effector genes compared to other GBMs and was enriched for the mesenchymal molecular subtype. Survival analyses suggested that tumor microenvironment infiltration pattern was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Among all, patients with the mesenchymal subtype with low immune and stromal infiltration had the poorest survival. By combining molecular subtyping with gene expression measures of tumor infiltration, the present work contributes with improving prognostic models in GBM.
Intrafractional relationship changes between an external breathing signal and fiducial marker positions in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Pettersson Niclas , Oderinde Oluwaseyi M. , Murphy James , Simpson Daniel , Cerviño Laura I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose of this study of pancreatic cancer patients treated with respiratory‐guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on a standard linac was to investigate (a) the intrafractional relationship change (IRC) between a breathing signal and the tumor position, (b) the impact of IRC on the delivered dose, and (c) potential IRC predictors.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively investigated 10 pancreatic cancer patients with 2–4 implanted fiducial markers in the tumor treated with SBRT. Fluoroscopic images were acquired before and after treatment delivery simultaneously with the abdominal breathing motion. We quantified the IRC as the change in fiducial location for a given breathing amplitude in the left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP), and superior–inferior (SI) directions from before to after treatment delivery. The treatment plans were re‐calculated after changing the isocenter coordinates according to the IRCs. Four treatment‐ or patient‐related factors were investigated as potential predictors for IRC using linear models.ResultsThe average (±1 SD) absolute IRCs in the LR, AP, and SI directions were 1.2 ± 1.2 mm, 0.7 ± 0.7 mm, and 1.1 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. The average 3D IRC was 2.0 ± 1.3 mm (range: 0.4–5.3 mm) for a median treatment delivery time of 8.5 min (range: 5.7–19.9 min; n = 31 fractions). The dose coverage of the internal target volume (ITV) decreased by more than 3% points in three of 31 fractions. In those cases, the 3D IRC had been larger than 4.3 mm. The 3D IRC was found to correlate with changes in the minimum breathing amplitude during treatment delivery.ConclusionOn average, 2 mm of treatment delivery accuracy was lost due to IRC. Periodical intrafractional imaging is needed to safely deliver respiratory‐guided SBRT.