bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific ZNF274 binding interference atSNORD116activates the maternal transcripts in Prader-Willi syndrome neurons
Authors: Langouët Maéva , Gorka Dea , Orniacki Clarisse , Dupont-Thibert Clémence M , Chung Michael S , Glatt-Deeley Heather R , Germain Noelle , Crandall Leann J , Cotney Justin L , Stoddard Christopher E , Lalande Marc , Chamberlain Stormy J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay and hyperphagia/obesity. This disorder is caused by the absence of paternally expressed gene products from chromosome 15q11–q13. We previously demonstrated that knocking out ZNF274, a Kruppel-associated box-A-domain zinc finger protein capable of recruiting epigenetic machinery to deposit the H3K9me3 repressive histone modification, can activate expression from the normally silent maternal allele of SNORD116 in neurons derived from PWS induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, ZNF274 has many other targets in the genome in addition to SNORD116. Depleting ZNF274 will surely affect the expression of other important genes and disrupt other pathways. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete ZNF274 binding sites at the SNORD116 locus to determine whether activation of the maternal copy of SNORD116 could be achieved without altering ZNF274 protein levels. We obtained similar activation of gene expression from the normally silenced maternal allele in neurons derived from PWS iPSCs, compared with ZNF274 knockout, demonstrating that ZNF274 is directly involved in the repression of SNORD116. These results suggest that interfering with ZNF274 binding at the maternal SNORD116 locus is a potential therapeutic strategy for PWS.
Burden and Outcomes of Fragmentation of Care in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Nationally Representative Cohort
Authors: Nguyen Nghia H , Luo Jiyu , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Sandborn William J , Singh Siddharth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Fragmentation of care (FoC) may adversely impact health care quality in patients with chronic diseases. We conducted a US nationally representative cohort study to evaluate the burden and outcomes of FoC in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
Using Nationwide Readmissions Database 2013, we created 2 cohorts of superutilizer patients with IBD with 2 hospitalizations (cohort 1: FoC, defined as readmission to nonindex hospital vs no FoC) or 3 hospitalizations (cohort 2: multiple episodes of fragmentation vs single episode of fragmentation vs no FoC) between January and June 2013, which were followed through December 2013. We evaluated burden, pattern, and outcomes of fragmentation (6-month risk of readmission, risk of surgery, and inpatient mortality).

Results
In cohort 1, of 6073 patients with IBD with 2 admissions within 6 months, 1394 (23%) experienced FoC. Fragmentation of care was associated with modestly higher risk of readmission within 6 months (31% vs 28%, P &lt; 0.01; adjusted relative risk, 1.11 [1.01–1.21]), without differences in risk of surgery (2.8% vs 4.3%, P = 0.19) or in-hospital mortality (0.2% vs 0.5%, P = 0.22). In cohort 2, of 1717 patients with 3 hospitalizations within 6 months, the number of patients with multiple episodes of fragmentation was associated with higher risk of readmission compared with patients with single episode of fragmentation or no FoC (52% vs 49% vs 43%, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
In a US cohort study, FoC is associated with a modestly higher risk of readmission, without higher risk of surgery or mortality in superutilizer patients with IBD. Future studies focusing on impact of outpatient care and postdischarge coordination are warranted in superutilizer patients.
Sidney Holt on principles for the conservation of wild living resources, whaling in the Antarctic, and the Beverton–Holt stock–recruitment relationship
Authors: Mangel Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
I review my interactions with Sidney Holt concerning principles for the conservation of wild living resources, the whaling case between Australia and Japan in the International Court of Justice, and the Beverton–Holt stock–recruitment relationship (BH-SRR). Holt and Lee Talbot published a monograph on principles for conservation in 1977; I lead the publication of an update ∼20 years later. I compare the two versions and discuss Holt’s contributions. Holt was active in the world-wide campaign to cease whaling and in efforts to have the Japanese special permit whaling programme in the Antarctic recognized as violating the moratorium on commercial whaling. I describe my involvement in the case and my interactions with him during oral arguments in the case and when the International Court of Justice rendered its decision that the Japanese programme of special permit whaling contravened the international treaty for the regulation of whaling because it was not for purposes of scientific research. In response to a paper of mine concerning steepness, Holt wrote to me that the BH-SSR is a one-, not two-, parameter function. I explain my current understanding of his reasoning, which involves how we use the SRR in fishery management.
Valve-sparing root reimplantation in a case of progressive aortic root aneurysm after heart transplant
Authors: Kim Yun Seok , Kim Joon Bum 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A mild-to-moderate aortic root aneurysm might be overlooked during the assessment of the donor heart. The use of the Z-score in such cases may be helpful in guiding clinical decision-making. To make a diagnosis of genetic aortopathy, a genetic panel study and matching with clinical criteria such as Ghent nosology are essential. Valve-sparing root reimplantation may be a viable option in cases with aortic root aneurysm developing after heart transplant.
The Borderlands between Punitive and Non-punitive Transitional Justice: Distinct Elites and Diverging Patterns of Import/export
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transitional justice consists of different ideals and practices that both coexist and conflict. This article investigates the socio-professional borderlands between punitive and non-punitive transitional justice initiatives by analyzing elites working in either international criminal courts, or truth and reconciliation commissions. While they were marginally linked, the professional practices of these elites were structured by their distinct positions in the larger market of transitional justice. Professionals of international criminal law were tied to international institutions from where they were often on the exporting side of particular internationalized, punitive norms and practices. In contrast, professionals involved with truth and reconciliation were closely connected to states that structured their import/export of internationalized, non-punitive initiatives. Punitive and non-punitive transitional justice was characterized not only by competing ideals and practices, but was embedded in distinct elites whose proximity to or distance from the state structured the circulation of transitional justice ideas and practices.
Approximate controllability of non-instantaneous impulsive semilinear measure driven control system with infinite delay via fundamental solution
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Mohammad Abdal Syed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article investigates a new class of non-instantaneous impulsive measure driven control systems with infinite delay. The considered system covers a large class of the hybrid system without any restriction on their Zeno behavior. The concept of measure differential equations is more general as compared to the ordinary impulsive differential equations; consequently, the discussed results are more general than the existing ones. In particular, using the fundamental solution, Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem and the theory of Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral, a new set of sufficient conditions is constructed that ensures the existence of a solution and the approximate controllability of the considered system. Lastly, an example is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of obtained results.
Independent Association of Interleukin 6 With Low Dynamic Lung Function and Airflow Limitation in Well-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Thudium Rebekka F , Knudsen Andreas D , Von Stemann Jakob Hjorth , Hove-Skovsgaard Malene , Hoel Hedda , Mocroft Amanda , Reekie Joanne , Ronit Andreas , Gerstoft Jan , Vestbo Jørgen , Trøseid Marius , Borges Álvaro H , Ostrowski Sisse R , Nielsen Susanne D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of chronic pulmonary diseases. We compared cytokine concentrations (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 1β, 2, 4, 10, and 17A, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, soluble CD14 [sCD14] and soluble CD163 [sCD163]) in people with HIV (PWH) and uninfected controls and investigated whether elevated cytokine concentrations were independently associated with lung function indices in PWH.

Methods
We performed spirometry and measured cytokine concentrations by Luminex immunoassays or enzyme-linked immunoassay in 951 PWH and 79 uninfected controls from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection study. Regression analyses were used to explore associations between elevated cytokine concentrations and lung function indices.

Results
PWH were predominantly male (84.6%) and 94.2% had undetectable viral replication. In PWH, elevated IL-6 was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (−212 mL [95% confidence interval, −308 to −116 mL]), lower forced vital capacity (−208 mL [−322 to −93 mL]), and airflow limitation (aOR, 2.62 [1.58–4.36]) (all P &lt; .001) in models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, and CD4 T-cell nadir. The association between IL-6 and dynamic lung function was modified by smoking (P for interaction = .005).

Conclusion
IL-6 levels were elevated and independently associated with low dynamic lung function and airflow limitation in well-treated PWH, suggesting that systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases.
Reserving Rights: Explaining Human Rights Treaty Reservations
Authors: Zvobgo Kelebogile , Sandholtz Wayne , Mulesky Suzie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
International relations scholarship has made significant strides in explaining how states design treaty obligations and why they accept treaty commitments. However, far less attention has been paid to factors that may influence states’ modification of their treaty obligations via reservations. We theorize that states will be more likely to enter reservations when treaty obligations increase compliance costs and policy adjustment costs. More specifically, we expect that demanding provisions, i.e., provisions that create strong, precise obligations requiring domestic action, will enhance the likelihood of reservation. To test our theory, we exploit an original dataset that codes reservations at the provision (treaty–article–paragraph) level for the ten core international human rights treaties. Consistent with our expectations, we find that states are more likely to enter reservations on more demanding treaty provisions. In contrast to prior studies, our results indicate that reservations are not driven purely by state-level characteristics such as regime type or the nature of the legal system. Rather, it appears that states weigh individual treaty obligations and calibrate their commitments accordingly.
Identification of a novel tedizolid resistance mutation in rpoB of MRSA after in vitro serial passage
Authors: Shen Tianwei , Penewit Kelsi , Waalkes Adam , Xu Libin , Salipante Stephen J , Nath Abhinav , Werth Brian J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Tedizolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA. Tedizolid resistance is uncommon and tedizolid’s capacity to select for cross-resistance to other antimicrobials is incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to further explore the phenotypic and genetic basis of tedizolid resistance in MRSA.

Methods
We selected for tedizolid resistance in an MRSA laboratory strain, N315, by serial passage until an isolate with an MIC ≥1 log2 dilution above the breakpoint for resistance (≥2 mg/L) was recovered. This isolate was subjected to WGS and susceptibility to a panel of related and unrelated antimicrobials was tested in order to determine cross-resistance. Homology modelling was performed to evaluate the potential impact of the mutation on target protein function.

Results
After 10 days of serial passage we recovered a phenotypically stable mutant with a tedizolid MIC of 4 mg/L. WGS revealed only one single nucleotide variant (A1345G) in rpoB, corresponding to amino acid substitution D449N. MICs of linezolid, chloramphenicol, retapamulin and quinupristin/dalfopristin increased by ≥2 log2 dilutions, suggesting the emergence of the so-called ‘PhLOPSa’ resistance phenotype. Susceptibility to other drugs, including rifampicin, was largely unchanged. Homology models revealed that the mutated residue of RNA polymerase would be unlikely to directly affect oxazolidinone action.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an rpoB mutation has been implicated in resistance to PhLOPSa antimicrobials. The mechanism of resistance remains unclear, but is likely indirect, involving σ-factor binding or other alterations in transcriptional regulation.
Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems
Authors: Vinograd Arie , Zaady Eli , Kigel Jaime 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsManagement of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal protection. This management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta, resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the corrals. After abandonment, corrals are colonized by ruderal species, becoming focal sources for their spread in the forest. We aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals, in order to alleviate their negative impact in the forest.MethodsRelationships between temporal changes in the vegetation, the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev, Israel. The region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate, with high dominance of annual species in the grazing range.Important FindingsAbandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned corrals. Subsequent successional changes occur at a slow rate, driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals, and were still in progress 20 years after abandonment. Ruderals were gradually replaced, first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses, but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this period. Recovery of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation, not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after abandonment. Ruderal species in the grazed, planted forests behave as patch-tracking metapopulations. Their persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals, and on the availability of dispersal vectors.
Oral colonization by Candida spp. in liver transplant patients: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibilityOral colonization by Candida spp. in liver transplant
Authors: Sabadin Clarice Elvira Saggin , Lopes Soraia Lima , Gompertz Olga Fischmamm , Santana Gilglécia Novaes Pereira , de Azevedo Melo Analy Salles , Rigo Lilian , Da Matta Daniel Archimedes , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Candida species are commensal to normal oral microbiota; however, they can cause infections if immune functions are reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate oral colonization, identify species, and test the susceptibility profile to antifungals. A descriptive study included 97 liver transplant patients who attended the transplant center of a referral hospital in southern Brazil. Two oral swab collections were performed, with a 6-month gap between collections. The samples were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. The sensitivity test was performed with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin using a broth microdilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M27-A4. Eighty-two patients were investigated and 15 were excluded for presenting clinical infection. The identification of yeasts showed colonization in 66% and 61.9% in collections A and B, respectively. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species in both collections (n = 29/50 and n = 27/49, respectively). In 31 (62%) patients, the yeast species remained the same for 6 months, and in 19 (38%) the colonizing species was substituted. Thirty-two isolates from collection A were sensitive (S) to Fluconazole, 13 sensitive dose-dependent (SDD), and five resistant (R). In collection B, 32 were S, 12 SDD, and 5 R. For amphotericin B and micafungin, all isolates were sensitive. With knowledge of the species and identification of strains resistant to fluconazole, useful information can be alerts about the emergence of antifungal resistance strains.
Clusters have edges: the projected phase-space structure of SDSS redMaPPer clusters
Authors: Tomooka Paxton , Rozo Eduardo , Wagoner Erika L , Aung Han , Nagai Daisuke , Gaines Sasha 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the distribution of line-of-sight velocities of galaxies in the vicinity of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) galaxy clusters. Based on their velocities, galaxies can be split into two categories: galaxies that are dynamically associated with the cluster, and random line-of-sight projections. Both the fraction of galaxies associated with the galaxy clusters, and the velocity dispersion of the same, exhibit a sharp feature as a function of radius. The feature occurs at a radial scale Redge ≈ 2.2Rλ, where Rλ is the cluster radius assigned by redMaPPer. We refer to Redge as the ‘edge radius’. These results are naturally explained by a model that further splits the galaxies dynamically associated with a galaxy cluster into a component of galaxies orbiting the halo and an infalling galaxy component. The edge radius Redge constitutes a true ‘cluster edge’, in the sense that no orbiting structures exist past this radius. A companion paper tests whether the ‘halo edge’ hypothesis holds when investigating the full three-dimensional phase-space distribution of dark matter substructures in numerical simulations, and demonstrates that this radius coincides with a suitably defined splashback radius.
Extremely precise age and metallicity of the open cluster NGC 2506 using detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Knudstrup E , Grundahl F , Brogaard K , Slumstrup D , Orosz J A , Sandquist E L , Jessen-Hansen J , Lund M N , Arentoft T , Tronsgaard R , Yong D , Frandsen S , Bruntt H 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAccurate stellar parameters of stars in open clusters can help constrain models of stellar structure and evolution. Here, we wish to determine the age and metallicity content of the open cluster NGC 2506. To this end, we investigated three detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs; V2032, V4, and V5) for which we determined their masses and radii, as well as four red giant branch stars for which we determined their effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities. Three of the stars in the DEBs have masses close to the cluster turn-off mass, allowing for extremely precise age determination. Comparing the values for the masses and radii of the binaries to BaSTI (a Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones) isochrones, we estimated a cluster age of 2.01 ± 0.10 Gyr. This does depend on the models used in the comparison, where we have found that the inclusion of convective core-overshooting is necessary to properly model the cluster. From red giant branch stars, we determined values for the effective temperatures, the surface gravities, and the metallicities. From these we find a cluster metallicity of −0.36 ± 0.10 dex. Using this value and the values for the effective temperatures, we determine the reddening to be E(b − y) = 0.057 ± 0.004 mag. Furthermore, we derived the distance to the cluster from Gaia parallaxes and found 3.101 ± 0.017 kpc, and we have performed a radial velocity membership determination for stars in the field of the cluster. Finally, we report on the detection of oscillation signals in γ Dor and δ Scuti members in data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, including the possible detection of solar-like oscillations in two of the red giants.
Variable stars in the field of intermediate-age open cluster NGC 559
Authors: Joshi Y C , John Ancy A , Maurya J , Panchal A , Kumar Brijesh , Joshi Santosh 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This work presents the first long-term photometric variability survey of the intermediate-age open cluster NGC 559. Time series V-band photometric observations on 40 nights taken over more than 3 yr with three different telescopes are analysed to search for variable stars in the cluster. We investigate the data for the periodicity analysis and reveal 70 variable stars including 67 periodic variables in the target field, all of them are newly discovered. The membership analysis of the periodic variables reveals that 30 of them belong to the cluster and remaining 37 are identified as field variables. Out of the 67 periodic variables, 48 are short-period (P &lt; 1 d) variables and 19 are long-period (P &gt; 1 d) variables. The variable stars have periodicity between 3 h to 41 d and their brightness ranges from V = 10.9 to 19.3 mag. The periodic variables belonging to the cluster are then classified into different variability types on the basis of observational properties such as shape of the light curves, periods, amplitudes, as well as their positions in the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram. As a result, we identify 1 Algol type eclipsing binary, 1 possible blue straggler star, 3 slowly pulsating B type stars, 5 rotational variables, 11 non-pulsating variables, 2 FKCOM variables, and remaining 7 are characterized as miscellaneous variables. We also identify three eclipsing binary stars (EBs) belonging to the field star population. The phoebe package is used to analyse the light curve of all four EBs in order to determine the parameters of the binary systems such as masses, temperatures, and radii.