bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensor Algebras in Finite Tensor Categories
Authors: Etingof Pavel , Kinser Ryan , Walton Chelsea 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces methods for classifying actions of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras on path algebras of quivers and more generally on tensor algebras $T_B(V)$ where $B$ is semisimple. We work within the broader framework of finite (multi-)tensor categories $\mathcal{C}$, classifying tensor algebras in $\mathcal{C}$ in terms of $\mathcal{C}$-module categories. We obtain two classification results for actions of semisimple Hopf algebras: the first for actions that preserve the ascending filtration on tensor algebras and the second for actions that preserve the descending filtration on completed tensor algebras. Extending to more general fusion categories, we illustrate our classification result for tensor algebras in the pointed fusion categories $\textsf{Vec}_{G}^{\omega }$ and in group-theoretical fusion categories, especially for the representation category of the Kac–Paljutkin Hopf algebra.
Single Hepatocyte Hepatitis B Virus Transcriptional Landscape in HIV Coinfection
Authors: Balagopal Ashwin , Hwang Hyon S , Grudda Tanner , Quinn Jeffrey , Sterling Richard K , Sulkowski Mark S , Thio Chloe L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 10% of people with HIV also have HBV and are at higher risk of liver disease progression than in HBV monoinfection. Antivirals, common to HIV and HBV, suppress HBV DNA levels but do not eradicate virus because the transcriptional template, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), is long lived in infected hepatocytes.

Methods
Using single-cell laser capture microdissection, we isolated &gt;1100 hepatocytes from 5 HIV/HBV coinfected persons with increasing exposure to HBV antivirals (HB1–HB5; no exposure to &gt;7 years exposure), quantifying cccDNA and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in each cell using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The proportion of infected hepatocytes decreased with antiviral exposure from 96.4% (HB1) to 29.8% (HB5). Upper cccDNA range and median pgRNA decreased from HB1 to HB5 (P &lt; .05 for both). The amount of pgRNA transcribed per cccDNA also decreased from HB1 to HB5 (P &lt; .05). Cells with inactive pgRNA transcription were enriched from 0% (HB1) to 14.3% (HB5) of infected hepatocytes.

Conclusions
cccDNA transcription is reduced in HIV/HBV coinfected people with longer antiviral duration. Understanding HBV transcriptional regulation may be critical to develop a functional cure.
Functional Diversity of Evolutionary Novelties: Insights from Waterfall-Climbing Kinematics and Performance of Juvenile Gobiid Fishes
Authors: Blob R W , Lagarde R , Diamond K M , Keeffe R M , Bertram R S , Ponton D , Schoenfuss H L 
Published: November 2019

Synopsis
The evolution of novel functional traits can contribute substantially to the diversification of lineages. Older functional traits might show greater variation than more recently evolved novelties, due to the accrual of evolutionary changes through time. However, functional complexity and many-to-one mapping of structure to function could complicate such expectations. In this context, we compared kinematics and performance across juveniles from multiple species for two styles of waterfall-climbing that are novel to gobiid fishes: ancestral “powerburst” climbing, and more recently evolved “inching”, which has been confirmed only among species of a single genus that is nested within the clade of powerburst climbers. Similar net climbing speeds across inching species seem, at first, to indicate that this more recently evolved mode of climbing exhibits less functional diversity. However, these similar net speeds arise through different pathways: Sicyopterus stimpsoni from Hawai’i move more slowly than S. lagocephalus from La Réunion, but may also spend more time moving. The production of similar performance between multiple functional pathways reflects a situation that resembles the phenomenon of many-to-one mapping of structure to function. Such similarity has the potential to mask appropriate interpretations of relative functional diversity between lineages, unless the mechanisms underlying performance are explored. More specifically, similarity in net performance between “powerburst” and “inching” styles indicates that selection on climbing performance was likely a limited factor in promoting the evolution of inching as a new mode of climbing. In this context, other processes (e.g., exaptation) might be implicated in the origin of this functional novelty.
Potential Economic Impacts of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern Canada
Authors: Pedlar John H , McKenney Daniel W , Yemshanov Denys , Hope Emily S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky) continues to pose a significant risk to deciduous forests around the world. We assess Asian longhorned beetle-related risks in eastern Canada by generating current and future climate suitability maps, import-based likelihood of introduction estimates for each urban center in our study area, and potential economic impacts in both urban and natural settings. For the current period, climatic suitability for Asian longhorned beetle was highest in southern Ontario, but was projected to expand significantly northward and eastward by midcentury. High likelihood of Asian longhorned beetle introduction was associated with large urban centers, but also smaller centers with high levels of pest-associated imports. Potential costs for the removal and replacement of Asian longhorned beetle-impacted street trees ranged from CDN$8.6 to $12.2 billion, with the exact amount and city-level ranking depending on the method used to calculate risk. Potential losses of merchantable maple (Acer) timber were estimated at CDN$1.6 billion using provincial stumpage fees and CDN$431 million annually when calculated using a combination of economic and forestry product statistics. The gross value of edible maple products, which could potentially be affected by Asian longhorned beetle, was estimated at CDN$358 million annually. These values can help inform the scale of early detection surveys, potential eradication efforts, and research budgets in the event of future Asian longhorned beetle introductions.
Mining correlated high-utility itemsets using various measures
Authors: Fournier-Viger Philippe , Zhang Yimin , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Dinh Duy-Tai , Bac Le Hoai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiscovering high-utility itemsets (HUIs) consists of finding sets of items that yield a high profit in customer transaction databases. An important limitation of traditional high-utility itemset mining (HUIM) is that only the utility measure is used for assessing the interestingness of patterns. This leads to finding several itemsets that have a high profit but contain items that are weakly correlated. To address this issue, this paper proposes to integrate the concept of correlation in HUIM to find profitable itemsets that are highly correlated, using the all-confidence and bond measures. An efficient algorithm named FCHM (fast correlated high-utility itemset miner) is proposed to efficiently discover correlated high-utility itemsets (CHIs). Two versions of the algorithm are proposed: FCHM$_{all\text{-}confidence}$ and FCHM$_{bond}$, which are based on the all-confidence and bond measures, respectively. An experimental evaluation was done using four real-life benchmark datasets from the HUIM literature: mushroom, retail, kosarak and foodmart. Results show that FCHM is efficient and can prune a huge amount of weakly CHIs.
Gain-of-function mutations: key tools for modifying or designing novel proteins in plant molecular engineering
Authors: Zhu Li , Qian Qian 
Published: November 2019

This article comments on:Deng WJ, Li RQ, Xu YW, Mao RY, Chen SF, Chen LB, Chen LT, Liu YG, Chen YL. 2020. A lipid transfer protein variant with a mutant eight-cysteine motif causes photoperiod- and temperature-sensitive dwarfism in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 1294–1305.
GABA negatively regulates adventitious root development in poplar
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Ji Jing , Chen Wei , Yue Jianyun , Du Changjian , Sun Jiacheng , Chen Lanzhen , Jiang Zeping , Shi Shengqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) influences plant growth, but little is known about how this metabolite regulates adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we investigate the effects of GABA on ARs using poplar lines overexpressing glutamate decarboxilase 2 (GAD2) and by treating poplar stem cuttings with exogenous GABA or vigabatrin (VGB; a specific GABA transaminase inhibitor). Endogenous GABA accumulation not only inhibited AR growth, but it also suppressed or delayed AR formation. Anatomical observations revealed that the GABA and VGB treatments resulted in a 1 d delay in the formation of AR primordia and the appearance of ARs. This delay coincided with changes in primary metabolism, including transient increases in hexose and amino acid levels. GABA-dependent changes in the expression of genes related to hormone synthesis and signalling, as well as analysis of hormone levels revealed that ethylene-dependent pathways were decreased at the earliest stage of AR formation. In contrast, auxin and abscisic acid were increased at 1–5 d as well as GA4 over a 5 d period of AR formation. These results demonstrate that GABA plays a crucial role in AR development. Evidence is presented demonstrating that GABA can interact with hormone-related pathways as well as carbon/nitrogen metabolism. These findings also elucidate the functions of GABA in plant development.
The role of P-type IIA and P-type IIB Ca2+-ATPases in plant development and growth
Authors: García Bossi Julián , Kumar Krishna , Barberini María Laura , Domínguez Gabriela Díaz , Rondón Guerrero Yossmayer Del Carmen , Marino-Buslje Cristina , Obertello Mariana , Muschietti Jorge P , Estevez José M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants have evolved mechanisms to adapt to variable and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. Calcium (Ca2+) in plant cells is a versatile intracellular second messenger that is essential for stimulating short- and long-term responses to environmental stresses through changes in its concentration in the cytosol ([Ca2+]cyt). Increases in [Ca2+]cyt direct the strength and length of these stimuli. In order to terminate them, the cells must then remove the cytosolic Ca2+ against a concentration gradient, either taking it away from the cell or storing it in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or vacuoles. Here, we review current knowledge about the biological roles of plant P-type Ca2+-ATPases as potential actors in the regulation of this cytosolic Ca2+ efflux, with a focus the IIA ER-type Ca2+-ATPases (ECAs) and the IIB autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs). While ECAs are analogous proteins to animal sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), ACAs are equivalent to animal plasma membrane-type ATPases (PMCAs). We examine their expression patterns in cells exhibiting polar growth and consider their appearance during the evolution of the plant lineage. Full details of the functions and coordination of ECAs and ACAs during plant growth and development have not yet been elucidated. Our current understanding of the regulation of fluctuations in Ca2+ gradients in the cytoplasm and organelles during growth is in its infancy, but recent technological advances in Ca2+ imaging are expected to shed light on this subject.
HD 213885b: a transiting 1-d-period super-Earth with an Earth-like composition around a bright (V = 7.9) star unveiled by TESS
Authors: Espinoza Néstor , Brahm Rafael , Henning Thomas , Jordán Andrés , Dorn Caroline , Rojas Felipe , Sarkis Paula , Kossakowski Diana , Schlecker Martin , Díaz Matías R , Jenkins James S , Aguilera-Gomez Claudia , Jenkins Jon M , Twicken Joseph D , Collins Karen A , Lissauer Jack , Armstrong David J , Adibekyan Vardan , Barrado David , Barros Susana C C , Battley Matthew , Bayliss Daniel , Bouchy François , Bryant Edward M , Cooke Benjamin F , Demangeon Olivier D S , Dumusque Xavier , Figueira Pedro , Giles Helen , Lillo-Box Jorge , Lovis Christophe , Nielsen Louise D , Pepe Francesco , Pollacco Don , Santos Nuno C , Sousa Sergio G , Udry Stéphane , Wheatley Peter J , Turner Oliver , Marmier Maxime , Ségransan Damien , Ricker George , Latham David , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N , Kielkopf John F , Hart Rhodes , Wingham Geof , Jensen Eric L N , Hełminiak Krzysztof G , Tokovinin A , Briceño C , Ziegler Carl , Law Nicholas M , Mann Andrew W , Daylan Tansu , Doty John P , Guerrero Natalia , Boyd Patricia , Crossfield Ian , Morris Robert L , Henze Christopher E , Chacon Aaron Dean 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of the 1.008-d, ultrashort period (USP) super-Earth HD 213885b (TOI-141b) orbiting the bright (V = 7.9) star HD 213885 (TOI-141, TIC 403224672), detected using photometry from the recently launched TESS mission. Using FEROS, HARPS, and CORALIE radial velocities, we measure a precise mass of 8.8 ± 0.6 M⊕ for this 1.74 ± 0.05 R⊕ exoplanet, which provides enough information to constrain its bulk composition – similar to Earth’s but enriched in iron. The radius, mass, and stellar irradiation of HD 213885b are, given our data, very similar to 55 Cancri e, making this exoplanet a good target to perform comparative exoplanetology of short period, highly irradiated super-Earths. Our precise radial velocities reveal an additional 4.78-d signal which we interpret as arising from a second, non-transiting planet in the system, HD 213885c, whose minimum mass of 19.9 ± 1.4 M⊕ makes it consistent with being a Neptune-mass exoplanet. The HD 213885 system is very interesting from the perspective of future atmospheric characterization, being the second brightest star to host an USP transiting super-Earth (with the brightest star being, in fact, 55 Cancri). Prospects for characterization with present and future observatories are discussed.
Gravitational waves from dynamical tides in white dwarf binaries
Authors: McNeill L O , Mardling R A , Müller B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the effect of tidal forcing on gravitational wave signals from tidally relaxed white dwarf pairs in the LISA, DECIGO and BBO frequency band (0.1 − 100 mHz). We show that for stars not in hydrostatic equilibrium (in their own rotating frames), tidal forcing will result in energy and angular momentum exchange between the orbit and the stars, thereby deforming the orbit and producing gravitational wave power in harmonics not excited in perfectly circular synchronous binaries. This effect is not present in the usual orbit-averaged treatment of the equilibrium tide, and is analogous to transit timing variations in multiplanet systems. It should be present for all LISA white dwarf pairs since gravitational waves carry away angular momentum faster than tidal torques can act to synchronize the spins, and when mass transfer occurs as it does for at least eight LISA verification binaries. With the strain amplitudes of the excited harmonics depending directly on the density profiles of the stars, gravitational wave astronomy offers the possibility of studying the internal structure of white dwarfs, complimenting information obtained from asteroseismology of pulsating white dwarfs. Since the vast majority of white-dwarf pairs in this frequency band are expected to be in the quasi-circular state, we focus here on these binaries, providing general analytic expressions for the dependence of the induced eccentricity and strain amplitudes on the stellar apsidal motion constants and their radius and mass ratios. Tidal dissipation and gravitation wave damping will affect the results presented here and will be considered elsewhere.
Stellar dynamos with solar and antisolar differential rotations: Implications to magnetic cycles of slowly rotating stars
Authors: Karak Bidya Binay , Tomar Aparna , Vashishth Vindya 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSimulations of magnetohydrodynamics convection in slowly rotating stars predict antisolar differential rotation (DR) in which the equator rotates slower than poles. This antisolar DR in the usual αΩ dynamo model does not produce polarity reversal. Thus, the features of large-scale magnetic fields in slowly rotating stars are expected to be different than stars having solar-like DR. In this study, we perform mean-field kinematic dynamo modelling of different stars at different rotation periods. We consider antisolar DR for the stars having rotation period larger than 30 d and solar-like DR otherwise. We show that with particular α profiles, the dynamo model produces magnetic cycles with polarity reversals even with the antisolar DR provided, the DR is quenched when the toroidal field grows considerably high and there is a sufficiently strong α for the generation of toroidal field. Due to the antisolar DR, the model produces an abrupt increase of magnetic field exactly when the DR profile is changed from solar-like to antisolar. This enhancement of magnetic field is in good agreement with the stellar observational data as well as some global convection simulations. In the solar-like DR branch, with the decreasing rotation period, we find the magnetic field strength increases while the cycle period shortens. Both of these trends are in general agreement with observations. Our study provides additional support for the possible existence of antisolar DR in slowly rotating stars and the presence of unusually enhanced magnetic fields and possibly cycles that are prone to production of superflare.
Type IIb supernovae by the grazing envelope evolution
Authors: Naiman Binyamin V , Sabach Efrat , Gilkis Avishai , Soker Noam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We simulate the evolution of binary systems with a massive primary star of 15M⊙ where we introduce an enhanced mass loss due to jets that the secondary star might launch, and find that in many cases the enhanced mass loss brings the binary system to experience the grazing envelope evolution (GEE) and form a progenitor of Type IIb supernova (SN IIb). The jets, the Roche lobe overflow (RLOF), and a final stellar wind remove most of the hydrogen-rich envelope, leaving a blue-compact SN IIb progenitor. In many cases without this jet-driven mass loss the system enters a common envelope evolution (CEE) and does not form a SN IIb progenitor. We use the stellar evolutionary code MESA binary and mimic the jet-driven mass loss with a simple prescription and some free parameters. Our results show that the jet-driven mass loss, that some systems have during the GEE, increases the parameter space for stellar binary systems to form SN IIb progenitors. We estimate that the binary evolution channel with GEE contributes about a quarter of all SNe IIb, about equal to the contribution of each of the other three channels, binary evolution without a GEE, fatal CEE (where the secondary star merges with the core of the giant primary star), and the single star channel.
Exact joint likelihood of pseudo-Cℓ estimates from correlated Gaussian cosmological fields
Authors: Upham Robin E , Whittaker Lee , Brown Michael L 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the exact joint likelihood of pseudo-Cℓ power spectrum estimates measured from an arbitrary number of Gaussian cosmological fields. Our method is applicable to both spin-0 fields and spin-2 fields, including a mixture of the two, and is relevant to cosmic microwave background (CMB), weak lensing, and galaxy clustering analyses. We show that Gaussian cosmological fields are mixed by a mask in such a way that retains their Gaussianity and derive exact expressions for the covariance of the cut-sky spherical harmonic coefficients, the pseudo-aℓms, without making any assumptions about the mask geometry. We then show that each auto or cross-pseudo-Cℓ estimator can be written as a quadratic form, and apply the known joint distribution of quadratic forms to obtain the exact joint likelihood of a set of pseudo-Cℓ estimates in the presence of an arbitrary mask. We show that the same formalism can be applied to obtain the exact joint likelihood of quadratic maximum likelihood power spectrum estimates. Considering the polarization of the CMB as an example, we show using simulations that our likelihood recovers the full, exact multivariate distribution of EE, BB, and EB pseudo-Cℓ power spectra. Our method provides a route to robust cosmological constraints from future CMB and large-scale structure surveys in an era of ever-increasing statistical precision.
The connection between merging double compact objects and the Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Belczyński Krzysztof , Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Lasota Jean-Pierre , King Andrew R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We explore the different formation channels of merging double compact objects (DCOs: BH-BH/BH-NS/NS-NS) that went through a ultraluminous X-ray phase (ULX: X-ray sources with apparent luminosity exceeding $10^{39}\rm {\ erg\ s^{-1}}$). There are many evolutionary scenarios which can naturally explain the formation of merging DCO systems: isolated binary evolution, dynamical evolution inside dense clusters and chemically homogeneous evolution of field binaries. It is not clear which scenario is responsible for the majority of LIGO/Virgo sources. Finding connections between ULXs and DCOs can potentially point to the origin of merging DCOs as more and more ULXs are discovered. We use the StarTrack population synthesis code to show how many ULXs will form merging DCOs in the framework of isolated binary evolution. Our merger rate calculation shows that in the local Universe typically $50\%$ of merging BH-BH progenitor binaries have evolved through a ULX phase. This indicates that ULXs can be used to study the origin of LIGO/Virgo sources. We have also estimated that the fraction of observed ULXs that will form merging DCOs in future varies between $5\%$ to $40\%$ depending on common envelope model and metallicity.
Fade to grey: systematic variation of galaxy attenuation curves with galaxy properties in the eagle simulations
Authors: Trayford James W , Lagos Claudia del P , Robotham Aaron S G , Obreschkow Danail 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a simple model for galaxy attenuation by fitting skirt radiative transfer calculations for ∼10 000 eagle galaxies at redshifts z = 2 − 0. Our model adapts the two-component screen model of Charlot & Fall, parametrizing the optical depth and slope of the interstellar medium screen using the average dust surface density, Σdust. We recover relatively tight relations between these parameters for the eagle sample, but also provide the scatter in these parameters owing to the morphological variation and orientation of galaxies. We also find that these relations are nearly independent of redshift in the eagle model. By pairing our model with an empirical prescription for birth clouds below the resolution scale of the simulation, we reproduce the observed relation between attenuation slope and optical depth for the first time in a cosmological simulation. We demonstrate that this result is remarkably independent of the attenuation properties assumed for the birth cloud screen, merely requiring a boosted attenuation for infant stars. We present this model with a view to interpreting observations, as well as processing semi-analytic models and other hydrodynamic simulations.