bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Large Database Study of Hospitalization Charges and Follow-up Re-admissions in US Lumbar Fusion Surgeries Using a Cellular Bone Allograft (CBA) versus Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2)
Authors: Wetzell Bradley , McLean Julie B , Moore Mark A , Kondragunta Venkateswarlu , Dorsch Kimberly 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to retrospectively compare initial procedure and 12-month follow-up hospitalization charges and resource utilization (lengths of stay; LOS) for lumbar fusion surgeries using either recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) or a cellular bone allograft comprised of viable lineage-committed bone cells (V-CBA) via a large US healthcare system database. Potentially-relevant re-admissions during the follow-up period were also assessed.MethodsA total of 16,172 patients underwent lumbar fusion surgery using V-CBA or rhBMP-2, of whom 3,503 (21.66%) patients had follow-up re‑admission data. Initial patient, procedure, and hospital characteristics were assessed to determine confounding factors. Multivariate regression modeling compared differences in hospitalization charges (in 2018 US dollars) and LOS (in days) between the groups, as well as incidences of potentially-relevant readmissions during the 12‑month follow-up‑ period.ResultsThe adjusted mean initial procedure and 12-month follow-up‑ hospital charges were significantly lower in the V-CBA group versus the rhBMP-2 group ($109,061 and $108,315 versus $160,191 and $130,406, respectively; P<0.0001 for both comparisons). This disparity remained in an ad hoc comparison of charges for initial single-level treatments only (V-CBA = $103,064, rhBMP-2 = $149,620; P<0.0001).The adjusted mean initial LOS were significantly lower in the V-CBA group (3.77 days) versus the rhBMP-2 group (3.88 days; P<0.0001), but significantly higher for the cumulative follow-up hospitalizations in the 12‑month follow-up period (7.87 versus 7.46 days, respectively; P<0.0001). Differences in rates of follow-up re‑admissions aligned with comorbidities at the initial procedure. Subsequent lumbar fusion rates were comparable, but significantly lower for V-CBA patients who had undergone single-level treatments only, in spite of V-CBA‑ patients having significantly higher rates of initial comorbidities that could negatively impact clinical outcomes.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that use of V-CBA for lumbar fusion surgeries performed in the US may result in substantially lower overall hospitalization charges versus rhBMP-2, with both exhibiting similar rates of 12-month re-admissions and subsequent lumbar fusion procedures.
An Inverse Association of Weight and the Occurrence of Asymptomatic Gallbladder Stone Disease in Hypercholesterolemia Patients: A Case-control Study
Authors: Sheng Binwu , Zhao Qingbin , Ma Mao , Zhang Jianqin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the fact that the majority of gallstones formed in the gallbladder are mainly composed of cholesterol, as they are formed from cholesterol-supersaturated bile, and hypercholesterolemia is a common metabolic disorder, which is closely related to cardiac, hepatic, renal and other oxidative damage inflammation and necrosis, there is still no consensus regarding the contribution of blood serum lipids in the pathogenesis of gallbladder stone disease (GSD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and the risk of new-onset asymptomatic GSD, and to determine the prevalence of factors associated with new-onset asymptomatic GSD in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: In this study, 927 Chinese patients with new-onset asymptomatic gallstone disease and 845 healthy controls were enrolled starting from August 2012. Patients were matched for age, gender, race, occupation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG). Body mass index (BMI), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum lipids indexes were compared and the relationships between BMI, blood lipid and gallbladder stone hazards were examined by logistic multivariate regression models. Results: The result showed a significantly higher morbidity with GSD in hypercholesterolemia than non-hypercholesterolemia patients (Χ2=17.211, P<0.001). Of hypercholesterolemia patients, low density lipoprotein (OR=1.493, P=0.029) and NAFLD (OR=2.723, P=0.022) were significant risk factors for GSD, while being male (OR=0.244, P=0.033), weight (OR=0.961, P=0.022), high density lipoprotein (OR=0.305, P<0.001), and FBG (OR=0.687, P=0.034) were significantly negatively correlated with GSD in univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression indicated weakly positive correlations with NAFLD (OR=3.284, P=0.054), and significant negative correlations with weight (OR=0.930, P=0.018), HDL-c (OR=0.144, P<0.001), and GSD. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia acts as an independent risk factor for new-onset asymptomatic GSD, while obesity and NAFLD are synergistic factors. Interestingly, it is first reported that elevated weight was inversely associated with GSD in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The results of this study suggest that effective control of hyperlipidemia is of greater significance than weight loss, which might make the situation worse, in the prevention of GSD in obese patients with hyperlipidemia.
A Seamlessly Integrated Device of Micro-supercapacitor and Wireless Charging with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Capacitance
Authors: Gao Chang , Huang Jiancheng , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Guoqiang , Dai Chunlong , Li Zengling , Zhao Yang , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microdevice integrating energy storage with wireless charging could provide new opportunities for electronics design, such as moveable charging. Herein, we report a seamlessly integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitors (IWC-MSCs) by taking advantage of a designed highly consistent material system that both wireless coil and electrode are of the graphite paper. The transferring power efficiency of the wireless charging is 52.8%. Benefitting from unique circuit structure, the intact IWC-MSCs displays low resistance and excellent voltage tolerability with a capacitance of 454.1 mF cm− 2, superior to state-of-the-art conventional planar MSCs. Besides, a record high energy density of 567.6 µWh cm− 2 exceeds the existing metal ion hybrid MSCs and even commercial thin film batteries (350 µWh cm− 2). After charging for 6 minutes, the IWC-MSCs reaches up to a power output of 4.5 mW, which can drive an electrical toy car immediately. The specific electrode layout brings new insight for contactless micro-electronics and flexible micro-robotics.
The Interplay Between Gray Matter and White Matter Neurodegeneration in Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Cedres Nira , Diaz-Galvan Patricia , Diaz-Flores Lucio , Muehlboeck J-Sebastian , Molina Yaiza , Barroso Jose , Westman Eric , Ferreira Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
AIMS: To investigate the interplay between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) neurodegeneration in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), including thickness across the whole cortical mantle, hippocampal volume, and integrity across the whole WM. METHODS: We included 225 cognitively unimpaired individuals from a community-based cohort, of whom 123 endorsed one or more subjective cognitive complaints. GM neurodegeneration was assessed through measures of cortical thickness across the whole mantle and hippocampal volume. WM neurodegeneration was assessed through measures of mean diffusivity (MD) across the whole WM skeleton. Mediation analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted to investigate the interplay between the measures of GM and WM neurodegeneration.RESULTS: A higher number of complaints was associated with reduced hippocampal volume, cortical thinning in several frontal and temporal areas and the insula, and higher MD across the WM skeleton, with a tendency to spare the occipital lobe. SCD-related cortical thinning and increased MD were associated with each other and jointly contributed to the complaints, but the contribution of cortical thinning to SCD was stronger.CONCLUSIONS: Neurodegeneration processes affecting the GM and WM seem to be associated with each other in SCD and include brain areas other than those typically targeted by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our findings suggest that SCD may be a sensitive behavioral marker of heterogeneous brain pathologies in individuals recruited from the community.
A cytokine receptor-masked IL2 prodrug selectively activates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for potent antitumor therapy
Authors: Hsu Eric , Cao Xuezhi , Moon Benjamin , Bae joonbeom , Sun Zhichen , Liu Zhida , Fu Yang-Xin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an FDA approved treatment for multiple metastatic cancers. However, while IL-2 is a potent activator of CD8 and NK cells, its clinical use is limited by short in vivo half-life, low potency, and severe in vivo toxicity. Current strategies of reducing IL-2 receptor alpha binding and increasing IL-2 receptor beta binding reduce efficacy or increase toxicity. Here, we address these issues by engineering a novel IL-2 prodrug (ProIL2). We mask the activity of a CD8 T cell-preferred IL-2 mutein/Fc fusion protein with IL2 receptor beta linked to a tumor-associated protease substrate. ProIL2 restores activity after cleavage by tumor-associated enzymes, and preferentially activates inside tumors, where it is efficiently cleaved and expands CD8 T cells. This significantly reduces IL-2 associated cytokine storm, body weight loss, and mortality without compromising antitumor efficacy. ProIL2 also overcomes resistance of cancers to immune checkpoint blockade. Lastly, neoadjuvant ProIL2 treatment can effectively eliminate metastatic cancer by inducing an abscopal effect. Taken together, our approach presents an effective tumor targeting therapy with reduced toxicity.
Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak by the Numerical Modelling&nbsp;
Authors: Mohammed Dilshad Azad , Tawfeeq Hassan Mohammad , Ali Kameran Mohammed , Rostam Hassan Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pandemic COVID-19 is a contagious disease affecting more than 200 countries, territories and regions. Recently, Iraq is one of the countries that has immensely suffered with this outbreak. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is also prone to the disease. Until now more than 23,000 confirmed cases have been recorded in the region. Since the onset of the COVID-19 in Wuhan, based on epidemiological modelling, researchers have used various models to predict the future of the epidemic and the time of peak, yielding a diverse number in different countries. This study aims to estimate the basic reproductive number (R0) for COVID-19 in KRI, using the standard SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) epidemic model. A system of nonlinear differential equations is formulated and solved numerically by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Reproductive numbers R0 have been estimated by this method of fitting the curves between the actual daily data and numerical solution by applying the least square method. For the analysis, data were taken for the duration of 165 days from 1st of March to 12th August in a population of 5.2 million. It has been concluded that R0 is fluctuating during the outbreak with an average of 1.33, predicting that infected cases will reach their maximum value of around 540,000 on 5th of November 2020. Then the spread of the disease will die out since the number of susceptible will decrease to about 3.2 million. While the number of removed individuals will reach approximately to 1.5 million.
Kynurenine analog 3-HAA is a ligand for transcription factor YY1
Authors: Shi Zhaopeng , Gan Guifang , Xu Xiang , Zhang Jieying , Yuan Yuan , Bi Bo , Gao Xianfu , Xu Pengfei , Zeng Wenbin , Li Jixi , Ye Youqiong , Zhou Aiwu , Zhang Naixia , Liu Wen , Lin Shu-hai , Mi Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Kynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, promotes immune tolerance in development and tumor evasion by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, the IDO inhibitors, blocking kynurenine generation, fail in stage III of clinical trials in several tumors for unknown reasons. Here, we report that 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) synergizes with IDO inhibitors by dramatically increasing the suppression of IDO inhibitors on HCC xenograft growth. The content of 3-HAA, a catabolite of kynurenine, is lower in tumor cells by downregulating its synthetic enzyme KMO/KYNU and/or upregulating its catalytic enzyme HAAO. Overexpression of KMO suppresses tumor formation and tumor growth by increasing endogenous 3-HAA while adding exogenous 3-HAA also inhibits tumor growth. Moreover, we found that 3-HAA directly binds transcription factor YY1 rather than AHR and increasing the PKCζ phosphorylation of YY1 at the Thr 398 in response to 3-HAA; YY1 phosphorylation at T398 increases the YY1 binding to chromatin. 3-HAA-induced Thr398 phosphorylation of YY1 upregulates the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), etc. DUSP6 overexpression induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and suppresses the HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. The T398 phosphorylation of YY1 is critical for the 3-HAA-induced apoptosis in tumors. These findings demonstrate that kynurenine analog 3-HAA is a functional metabolite associating YY1 as an endogenous ligand, downregulation of 3-HAA is necessary for the rapid growth of tumor cells, suggesting its promising approach in HCC therapy.
Prognostic Impact of Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ma Xiaoteng , Sun Yan , Cheng Yujing , Shen Hua , Gao Fei , Qi Jing , Yang Lixia , Wang Zhijian , Shi Dongmei , Liu Yuyang , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Yujie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The association of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), an emerging lipid index which can predict risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been undetermined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether AIP could independently predict adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective registry involving 826 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent primary or elective PCI for ACS at our CV center from June 2016 to November 2017. This study eventually included 798 patients (age, 61±10 years, male, 72.7%). AIP was calculated as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma concentration of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). All patients were divided into 4 groups based on the AIP quartiles. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or unplanned repeat revascularization. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, or non-fatal MI.Results: During a median follow-up period of 927 days, 198 patients developed at least one event. An unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the incidence of the primary endpoint increased gradually with rising AIP quartiles (log-rank test, P =0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that compared with the lowest AIP quartile, the top AIP quartile was associated with significantly increased risk for the primary and key secondary endpoints (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.153; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.355 to 3.421; P =0.001, and HR: 2.613; 95% CI: 1.024 to 6.666; P =0.044, respectively). Inclusion of AIP quartiles in a baseline prediction model for the primary endpoint increased the Harrell’s C statistic from 0.697 to 0.707. More importantly, addition of AIP quartiles to the above model significantly improved the continuous net reclassification improvement (continuous NRI =19.1%, P <0.001).Conclusions: A higher AIP value on admission was independently and strongly associated with adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.
Pre-Hospital Critical Care Management of Severe Hypoxemia in Victims of Covid-19: A Case Series
Authors: Mæhlen Jens Otto , Hagemo Jostein , Rehn Marius , Heimdal Hans Julius , Mikalsen Roger , Ottestad William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Despite critical hypoxemia, Covid-19 patients may present without proportional signs of respiratory distress. In this case series we describe the pre-hospital management of three patients with critical respiratory failure due to Covid-19. All presented with severe hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen. The specific cause of hypoxemia in these patients is a matter of speculation, and several mechanisms have been suggested. We discuss possible strategies for ventilatory support in the emergency pre-hospital setting. Methods: Three cases with similar clinical presentation were identified at two bases within the Norwegian national helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) system. The HEMS units are manned by a consultant anesthesiologist, a HEMS crew member and a pilot. Patients´ next of kin and the Regional committee for medical and health research ethics have approved the publication of this report.Conclusion: Patients with Covid-19 and severe hypoxemia may pose a considerable challenge for the prehospital emergency services. Covid-19 patients with hypocapnic hypoxia and a high minute ventilation demand high oxygen flow rates in order to avoid dilution of oxygen with ambient air, which is difficult to achieve with non-rebreathers and disposable CPAP systems. Intubation may be associated with a high risk of complications in these patients and should be carried out with diligence when considered necessary.
Exosomal miR-186 Derived from BMSCs Promote Osteogenesis Through Hippo Signaling Pathway in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Lu , Zhou Xin , Zhang Jun-tao , Liu Ai-feng , Zhang Chao , Han Jin-chang , Zhang Xiao-qing , Wu Si , Zhang Xiao-yu , Lv Fu-quan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) that results from estrogen withdrawal is the most common primary osteoporosis among older women. However, little is known about the mechanism of PMO, and effective treatment of PMO is limited.Methods: We used qPCR, western blotting, and RNA pull down to investigate the relationship between miR-186 and Mob1. Also we investigated the effect of exosome in osteogenesis using ALP staining. And HE staining was used to verify the osteogenesis in PMO model.Results: Exosomal miR-186 plays an important role in bone formation. The results of miRNA-seq and q-PCR showed that miR-186 was upregulated in a PMO+Exo treatment group. Results of RNA-pull down and luciferase reporter assays verified interactions between miR-186 and Mob1. We also verified the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in osteogenesis.Conclusions: We concluded that exosomes derived from hBMSCs can transfer miR-186 to promote osteogenesis in ovariectomy (OVX) rats through the Hippo signaling pathway.
Arthroscopic-assisted Treatment of Popliteus Tendinitis
Authors: Chen Biao , Liu Hankun , Chen Haitao , Chen Liaobin , Wang Hua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Popliteus tendinitis is an unusual factor to cause pain of the knee joint in its posterolateral compartment. There are few reports that the arthroscopy used for the treatment of refractory and symptomatic popliteus tendinitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of arthroscopic treatment of popliteus tendinitis via an auxiliary extreme lateral approach and to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of popliteus tendinitis.Methods: From 2014 to 2018, arthroscopic popliteus tendon ablation was performed in 15 patients (15 knees) with popliteus tendinitis via an auxiliary extreme lateral approach. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the Tegner score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at the 24-month follow-up after surgery.Results: A total of 15 patients (mean age, 51.1 ± 7.1 years) were included; they had a mean body mass index of 23.8 ± 2.1. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. Comparing the postoperative state to the preoperative state, the mean postoperative Lysholm score, Tegner score, and IKDC score improved significantly from 70.0 ± 5.0, 3.0 ± 0.9, and 62.3 ± 5.5 to 89.3 ± 4.2, 4.6 ± 0.61, and 80.5 ± 4.4, respectively (p < 0.01). The preoperative VAS score for pain improved from 4.3 ± 0.7 to 0.9 ± 0.6 (p < 0.01). No patients were lost to follow-up.Conclusion: Following arthroscopic-assisted treatment, all the patients with popliteus tendinitis achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes in terms of pain relief and improved function.
Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Four Underutilized Ethnomedicinal Plants: An in Vitro Approach
Authors: Datta Sudeshna , Seal Tapan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : In the present study, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and antioxidant properties in four diverse dissolvable concentrates of four lesser known ethnomedicinal plants viz. Apluda mutica, Mikania micrantha, Kyllinga nemoralis and Cleome rutidosperma were investigated. Methods: The benzene, chloroform, methanol and 70% aqueous (aq.) ethanol extract of these plants were tried for antioxidant by various established in vitro systems like total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging, metal chelating activity. Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were explored by quantifying α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein denaturation inhibitory activities of the investigated plants. Results: Among the various solvents 70% aq. ethanol extract of M. micrantha had the highest total phenolic content (230.450 ± 0.12mg GAE/g extract), DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP value (4.122± 0.004 μM Trolox equivalent/ g dry extract), anti-lipid peroxidation capacity, reducing power and metal chelating activity. The highest amount of total flavonoid was detected in the 70% aq. ethanol extract of C. rutidosprema (71.050 ± 0.058 mg RE /g extract. Similarly M. micrantha also exhibited significantly lower IC 50 values for the percentage inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 58.44 ± 0.012 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 113.31 ± 0.010 µg/ml) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 53.8 ± 0.009 µg/ml ; IC50 = 79.48 ± 0.006 µg/ml respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using protein denaturation assay and M. micrantha showed significant lower IC50 value for the inhibition of protein denaturation (IC50= 89.27 ± 0.008 µg/ml) compared to other plants under investigation. Quantification of polyphenolics by HPLC showed the presence of different phenolic acids in varying amounts. Conclusion: Therefore, the results indicate that these plants were shown to contain a remarkable amount of different bio-active compounds, thus confirming their involvement in several biological activities and to serve as a potential antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.