bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Prophylactic Bilateral Central Lymph Nodes Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma; Short Term Outcome
Authors: Elhelbawy Mohammed Farid , Elgendy Ahmed , Darwish Ahmed Attia , Gad Abd El-Wahhab Hemedah 
Published: September 2020

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid carcinoma. There is a debate on prophylactic removal of central lymph nodes. Some authors advise it to avoid recurrence while other investigators condemn it due to its higher risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and/or hypoparathyroidism.
Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and morbidity of central lymph nodes dissection during total thyroidectomy in the management of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Patients and Methods: Twelve patients were confirmed by histopathological evaluation to have papillary thyroid examination. Total thyroidectomy was done through transverse neck incision followed by removal of bilateral central group of lymph nodes. Patients were examined postoperatively for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism. Follow up was done 6 months later with neck ultrasonography, thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin antibodies.
Results: Thirty four percent of the studied cases proved to have lymph nodes metastasis. temporary hypocalcemia occurred in only one patient in this study and was temporary. Recurrent laryngeal nerve affection happened in 17% of the studied cases and was reversible by medical treatment. No evidence of recurrence happened in the first 6 months after operation.
Conclusion: The risk of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism is minimal after prophylactic CLND. Postoperative hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury are usually reversible.
The cruciform DNA‐binding protein Crp1 stimulates the endonuclease activity of Mus81–Mms4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Phung Huong Thi Thu , Tran Diem Hong , Nguyen Ta Xuan 
Published: September 2020

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mus81–Mms4 complex is a highly conserved DNA structure‐specific endonuclease that plays essential roles in the processing of recombination intermediates that arise during the repair of stalled replication forks and double‐stranded breaks. To identify novel factors functioning conjointly with Mus81–Mms4, we performed a biochemical screen and found that Crp1, a cruciform DNA‐recognizing protein that specifically binds to DNA four‐way junction structures, could stimulate the Mus81–Mms4 endonuclease. The specific protein interaction between Mus81–Mms4 and Crp1 was responsible for the stimulation observed. Multicopy expression of Crp1 could partially rescue the sensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents of the sgs1∆mus81∆21‐24N mutant. Our results provide insight into the functional role and interaction of Crp1 with other proteins involved in DNA repair.
Re‐defining the clinicopathological spectrum of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Chen Hao , Lu Likui , Wang Bin , Cui Guiyun , Wang Xingqi , Wang Yujing , Raza Hafiz Khuram , Min Yan , Li Keke , Cui Yingying , Miao Zhigang , Wan Bo , Sun Miao , Xu Xingshun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rapidly increasing case reports revealed that neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) had concomitant other system symptoms besides nervous system symptoms. In this study, we systematically evaluated the symptoms, signs, auxiliary examination, and pathological changes in different systems in NIID patients.MethodsNIID patients were confirmed by examining GGC repeats in the NOTCH2NLC gene. Clinical data of NIID patients including symptoms, signs, and auxiliary examinations were collected for analysis. Ubiquitin and p62 were detected in different tissues from previous surgical samples.ResultsFifty‐one NIID patients from 17 families were included in this study. Except neurological symptoms, clinical manifestations from other systems were very notable and diverse. The proportions of different system symptoms were 88.2% in nervous system, 78.4% in respiratory system, 72.5% in circulatory system, 72.5% in locomotor system, 66.7% in urinary system, 64.7% in digestive system, 61.5% in reproductive system, and 50.0% in endocrine system. In addition, other common symptoms included sexual dysfunction (43.1%), pupil constriction (56.9%), blurred vision (51.0%), and hearing loss (23.5%). Ubiquitin and p62‐positive cells were found in different tissues and systems in 24 NIID patients with previous surgery. Initial symptoms of NIID and median onset age in different systems also revealed system heterogeneity of NIID.InterpretationFor the first time, we systematically demonstrated that NIID is a heterogeneous and systemic neurodegenerative disease by providing clinical and pathological evidence. In addition to the nervous system, the clinical symptomatic and pathological spectrum of NIID has been extended to almost all systems.
Copper‐Based Corrole as Thermally Stable Hole Transporting Material for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Berionni Berna Beatrice , Pescetelli Sara , Catini Alexandro , Menchini Francesca , Di Natale Corrrado , Paolesse Roberto , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent nowadays a promising starting point to develop a new efficient and low‐cost photovoltaic technology due to the demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 25% on small area devices. However, best reported devices suffer from stability issue under real working conditions thus slowing down the race for the commercialization. In particular, the hole transporting material commonly employed in mesoscopic n–i–p PSCs (nip‐mPSCs), namely spiro‐OMeTAD, is strongly corrupted when subjected to temperatures above 70 °C due to intrinsic thermal instability and because of the dopant employed to improve the hole mobility. In this work, the novel use of a copper‐based corrole as HTM is proposed to improve the device thermal stability of nip‐mPSCs under prolonged 85 °C stress conditions. Corrole‐based devices show remarkable PCE above 16% by retaining more than 65% of the initial PCE after 1000 h of thermal stress, while spiro‐OMeTAD cells abruptly lose more than 60% after the first 40 h. Once scaled‐up to large area modules, the proposed device structure can truly represent a possible way to pass thermal stress tests proposed by IEC‐61646 standards and, not less importantly, the high temperature required by the lamination process for panel production.
Formal [3+2] Annulation of Copper‐Allenylidenes with 3‐Oxo‐3‐Arylpropanenitriles: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans
Authors: Zhong De , Jiang Feng , Shen Siyong , Wang Lan , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative [3+2] annulation of ethynyl benzoxazinanones with 3‐oxo‐3‐arylpropanenitriles has been developed, producing tetrasubstituted furan derivatives in moderate to high yield. This reaction was generally compatible with a wide range of substrates. Notably, the intermediate copper‐allenylidenes worked as a C2 synthon in the cycloaddition reaction.magnified image
Blurred time resolution of tooth dentin serial sections
Authors: Tsutaya Takumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe growth of tooth dentin is incremental, so its formation represents a dietary record in early life. With archeological skeletons, applying sequential stable isotope analysis to the horizontal sections of tooth dentin has revealed weaning patterns and dietary changes that took place during childhood. However, the assignment of ages to dentin serial sections (DSSs) is problematic due to the changing extension rate and oblique growth layers of dentin, and these effects have not been quantified. This study presents a mathematical model for investigating the corresponding age range of the horizontal DSSs of human permanent incisors, canines, and molars.MethodsParameters describing the tooth dentin microstructure were taken from previous studies, and dentin growth patterns were modeled. The model was implemented as the R package MDSS.ResultsThe developed model shows that the true corresponding age of the sections differed by a few years on average from the estimated age with equal temporal divisions, that the model gave values extending across a wide range, and that these differences become large for sections formed at older ages. The stable isotope ratio of the sections presented an aggregate representation of possibly complex dietary changes across a few years, and dietary changes over short times, such as several months, could not be accurately reconstructed even when using a finer horizontal sectioning method.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that DSSs correspond to an unexpectedly wider (i.e., three to four times) and different (i.e., −2 to 0.5 years on average) age range than previously assumed and that complicated patterns of dietary change blur in the isotopic trajectory of the sections. Alternative experimental methods, such as imaging‐assisted oblique sampling, should be used to retrieve an accurate and precise sequential dietary record from tooth dentin.
A study on nonlinear model predictive control for helicopter/turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on piecewise objective function
Authors: Wang Yong , Peng Yerong , Xi Zhihua , Zhang Haibo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain the high‐quality fast response control for helicopter/turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method based on piecewise objective function is proposed. The piecewise objective function takes into account both the control index of power turbine speed and the rotor dynamics of engine output shaft, which optimizes the transient overshoot and sag of the power turbine speed caused by torques mismatch during variable rotor speed from the root. The results show that compared with conventional MPC method with single objective function only involving the control index of power turbine speed, the novel NMPC method proposed can reduce the overshoot or sag of the power turbine speed by more than 30% during variable rotor speed, which possesses superior control effect of turboshaft engine without losing real‐time performance.
Impact of complete surgical resection on outcome in aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy
Authors: Schmitz Christine , Rekowski Jan , Müller Stefan P. , Farsijani Navid , Hertenstein Bernd , Franzius Christiane , von Verschuer Ulla , La Rosée Paul , Freesmeyer Martin , Wilop Stefan , Krohn Thomas , Raghavachar Aruna , Ganser Arnold , Bengel Frank M. , Prange‐Krex Gabriele , Kroschinsky Frank , Kotzerke Jörg , Giagounidis Aristoteles , Dührsen Ulrich , Hüttmann Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection is considered to be of purely diagnostic value in aggressive lymphoma. Evidence for an impact on outcome is scant and restricted to retrospective observations.MethodsIn the “Positron Emission Tomography‐guided Therapy of Aggressive non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas” (PETAL) trial, patients with a negative baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scan were documented in a prospective observational substudy. Baseline PET‐negative patients with the absence of lymph node enlargement on computed tomography and a negative bone marrow biopsy were considered to have undergone complete lymphoma resection.ResultsEighty‐two of 1,041 patients (7.9%) had a negative baseline PET scan, and 67 were included in this analysis. All were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), plus rituximab for CD20‐positive lymphomas. Among 52 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 48 had completely resected disease. Their outcome tended to be better than that of 115 baseline PET‐positive stage I DLBCL patients treated in the main part of the PETAL trial (2‐year progression‐free survival 92.7% [95% confidence interval 84.7‐100] versus 88.4% [82.5‐94.3], P = .056; 2‐year overall survival 92.7% [84.7‐100] versus 93.7% [89.2‐98.2], P = .176), but this was restricted to patients below the age of 60 years (2‐year progression‐free survival 100% versus 92.2% [84.8‐99.6], P = .031; 2‐year overall survival 100% versus 95.9% [90.2‐100], P = .075). In peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, eight of 11 patients had completely resected disease. In contrast to DLBCL, complete resection was not associated with improved outcome compared to the control.ConclusionYoung patients with early stage DLBCL may benefit from complete lymphoma resection prior to immunochemotherapy.
Hepatitis B virus core–related antigen is useful for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in a patient with occult hepatitis B virus infection: Case report
Authors: Yokoyama Keiji , Yamauchi Eri , Uchida Yotaro , Kitaguchi Takanori , Fukuda Hiromi , Yamauchi Ryo , Tsuchiya Naoaki , Umeda Kaoru , Takata Kazuhide , Tanaka Takashi , Inomata Shinjiro , Morihara Daisuke , Takeyama Yasuaki , Shakado Satoshi , Sakisaka Shotaro , Hirai Fumihito 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSerum HBV core–related antigen (HBcrAg) is useful for detecting HCC in patients with occult HBV infection. Surveillance for HCC is needed in patients who are positive for HBcrAg, even if they are negative for HBsAg and HBV DNA.
Immunopharmacology and Quantitative Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Signaling
Authors: Brian Ben F. , Guerrero Candace R. , Freedman Tanya S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article we describe the use of pharmacological and genetic tools coupled with immunoblotting (Western blotting) and targeted mass spectrometry to quantify immune signaling and cell activation mediated by tyrosine kinases. Transfer of the ATP γ phosphate to a protein tyrosine residue activates signaling cascades regulating the differentiation, survival, and effector functions of all cells, with unique roles in immune antigen receptor, polarization, and other signaling pathways. Defining the substrates and scaffolding interactions of tyrosine kinases is critical for revealing and therapeutically manipulating mechanisms of immune regulation. Quantitative analysis of the amplitude and kinetics of these effects is becoming ever more accessible experimentally and increasingly important for predicting complex downstream effects of therapeutics and for building computational models. Secondarily, quantitative analysis is increasingly expected by reviewers and journal editors, and statistical analysis of biological replicates can bolster claims of experimental rigor and reproducibility. Here we outline methods for perturbing tyrosine kinase activity in cells and quantifying protein phosphorylation in lysates and immunoprecipitates. The immunoblotting techniques are a guide to probing the dynamics of protein abundance, protein–protein interactions, and changes in post‐translational modification. Immunoprecipitated protein complexes can also be subjected to targeted mass spectrometry to probe novel sites of modification and multiply modified or understudied proteins that cannot be resolved by immunoblotting. Together, these protocols form a framework for identifying the unique contributions of tyrosine kinases to cell activation and elucidating the mechanisms governing immune cell regulation in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Quantifying protein phosphorylation via immunoblotting and near‐infrared imagingAlternate Protocol: Visualizing immunoblots using chemiluminescenceBasic Protocol 2: Enriching target proteins and isolation of protein complexes by immunoprecipitationSupport Protocol: Covalent conjugation of antibodies to functionalized beadsBasic Protocol 3: Quantifying proteins and post‐translational modifications by targeted mass spectrometry
Pharmacokinetics and Drug‐Drug Interactions of Isoniazid and Efavirenz in Pregnant Women Living With HIV in High TB Incidence Settings: Importance of Genotyping
Authors: Gausi Kamunkhwala , Wiesner Lubbe , Norman Jennifer , Wallis Carole L. , Onyango‐Makumbi Carolyne , Chipato Tsungai , Haas David W. , Browning Renee , Chakhtoura Nahida , Montepiedra Grace , Aaron Lisa , McCarthy Katie , Bradford Sarah , Vhembo Tichaona , Stranix‐Chibanda Lynda , Masheto Gaerolwe R. , Violari Avy , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Aurpibul Linda , Bhosale Ramesh , Nevrekhar Neetal , Rouzier Vanessa , Kabugho Enid , Mutambanengwe Mercy , Chanaiwa Vongai , Nyati Mandisa , Mhembere Tsungai , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Hesseling Anneke , Shin Katherine , Zimmer Bonnie , Costello Diane , Jean‐Philippe Patrick , Sterling Timothy R. , Theron Gerhard , Weinberg Adriana , Gupta Amita , Denti Paolo ,   IMPAACT P1078 (TB APPRISE) Study Group Team
Published: September 2020

The World Health Organization guidelines recommend that individuals living with HIV receive ≥ 6 months of isoniazid preventive therapy, including pregnant women. Yet, plasma isoniazid exposure during pregnancy, in the antiretroviral therapy era, has not been well‐described. We investigated pregnancy‐induced and pharmacogenetic‐associated pharmacokinetic changes and drug‐drug interactions between isoniazid and efavirenz in pregnant women. Eight hundred forty‐seven women received isoniazid for 28 weeks, either during pregnancy or at 12 weeks postpartum, and 786 women received efavirenz. After adjusting for NAT2 and CYP2B6 genotype and weight, pregnancy increased isoniazid and efavirenz clearance by 26% and 15%, respectively. Isoniazid decreased efavirenz clearance by 7% in CYP2B6 normal metabolizers and 13% in slow and intermediate metabolizers. Overall, both isoniazid and efavirenz exposures were reduced during pregnancy, but the main determinants of drug concentration were NAT2 and CYP2B6 genotypes, which resulted in a five‐fold difference for both drugs between rapid and slow metabolizers.
Effect of arbitrary temperature degeneracy and ion magnetization on shear Alfven waves in electron‐positron‐ion plasmas
Authors: Safdar A. , Mushtaq A. , Ikram M. , Ahmad Zulfiqar , Batool Syeda R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLinear properties of low‐frequency electromagnetic shear Alfven waves (SAWs) are studied in quantum electron‐positron‐ion plasmas with effect of arbitrary temperature degeneracy for magnetized () and unmagnetized ( ) ions by using the quantum hydrodynamic model. Dispersion relations are derived for nearly degenerate () and nearly non‐degenerate () plasmas. Bohm potential due to density correlation and temperature degeneracy due to Fermi–Dirac statistics of electron–positron, and their effects on the dispersion of SAWs are studied in detail both analytically and numerically. The relevance of the work regarding dense astrophysical plasmas is highlighted.
Person‐Oriented Research Ethics to Address the Needs of Participants on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Cascio M. Ariel , Weiss Jonathan A. , Racine Eric 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTResearch ethics scholarship often attends to vulnerability. People with autism may be vulnerable in research, but are also vulnerable to unjust exclusion from participation. Addressing the needs of participants with autism can facilitate inclusion and honor the bioethics principle of respect for persons while accounting for risk and vulnerability. Drawing from a review of the literature and informed by a moral deliberation process involving a task force of stakeholders (including autistic people and parents of autistic people), we use the model of person‐oriented research ethics to identify several practical strategies researchers can use to address these needs and foster inclusion. Strategies include using multiple means of communication, addressing the sensory environment, preparing participants in advance, and accounting for social context. These practical strategies are not just methodological or design choices; they are inherently related to ethical issues. Method and design choices fulfill ethical aspirations by facilitating inclusion, reducing discomfort, and focusing on individuals.
Crosstalk between coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular disease and its treatment
Authors: Ye Qing , Lu Dezhao , Shang Shiqiang , Fu Junfen , Gong Fangqi , Shu Qiang , Mao Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeople with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often contract coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the interaction between COVID‐19 and CVD is unclear. In this systematic review, the available evidence for the crosstalk between COVID‐19 and CVD and its treatment was analysed. A search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infects human cells via angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2. SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause CVD by inducing cytokine storms, creating an imbalance in the oxygen supply and demand and disrupting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can also lead to the development of CVD through the side effects of therapeutic drugs, psychological factors, and aggravation of underlying CVD. The most common CVDs caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Studies have found that there is an interaction between COVID‐19 and CVD. Underlying CVD is associated with a high risk of mortality in patients with COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can also cause new‐onset CVD. Clinicians need to pay close attention to cardiovascular complications during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID‐19 to reduce patient mortality.
Toxicities of Neonicotinoid-Containing Pesticide Mixtures on Nontarget Organisms
Authors: Zhao Guo-Ping , Yang Fang-Wei , Li Jin-Wang , Xing Han-Zhu , Ren Fa-Zheng , Pang Guo-Fang , Li Yi-Xuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neonicotinoids are a widely used class of pesticides. Co-exposure to neonicotinoids and other classes of pesticides can exert potentiating or synergistic effects, and these mixtures have been detected in human bodily fluids. The present review summarizes studies into the effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures on humans and other nontarget organisms. Exposure to these mixtures has been reported to result in reproductive and hormonal toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in vertebrates. Mortality of pollinators and toxicity in other organisms has also been reported. The underlying mechanism of pesticide mixture toxicity may be associated with impairment of cytochrome 450 enzymes, which are involved in metabolizing pesticides. However, a comprehensive explanation of the adverse effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures is still required so that effective prevention and control measures can be formulated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1884–1893. © 2020 SETAC