bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of US market access on local labour markets in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Trung X. , Nguyen Ha M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of US market access on local labour markets in a developing country, Vietnam. Following the implementation of the Vietnam–United States bilateral trade agreement (BTA) in December 2001, manufacturing employment increased in provinces that were more exposed to US tariff cuts. In those provinces, employment also increased in many service sectors, reflecting strong spillovers of job gains. Among three potential channels of local job gain spillovers, namely, demand, production and real estate, the demand channel is the most important. The BTA is also found to reduce employment gaps, especially in manufacturing, between females and males, rural and urban, and poor and rich households.
Rib loading effects on weld root fatigue failure modes at rib‐to‐deck welded joint
Authors: Luo Pengjun , Zhang Qinghua , Bao Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe service life of orthotropic steel decks is dependent on the fatigue resistance of rib‐to‐deck welded joints, which is often tested using two kinds of experimental models in terms of the rib loading condition. Different weld root fatigue failure modes have been observed in the different models, but the role of rib loading remains unclear. This paper aims to clarify the effect of rib loadings on the weld root fatigue failure modes at rib‐to‐deck welded joints. The loadings are decomposed into the deck loadings and rib loadings according to the principle of superposition. Formulae of the weld root notch stress intensity factors and T‐stress under rib loadings are developed by multiparameter regression analysis and subsequently used for the local stress analysis. The fatigue failure modes determined from the local stress field agree well with the experimental results. The results reveal that the weld root failure modes depend on the rib loadings but are independent of the weld geometries. The averaged strain energy density (SED) that can capture both weld geometry and loading condition effects is used to correlate the fatigue test data of different weld root failure modes. The SED is capable of evaluating the fatigue strength of the rib‐to‐deck welded joint failed by different weld root failure modes with a narrow scatter band.
Antibacterial and antifungal effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seedmeal on marinated smoked African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Jimoh Wasiu A. , Ayeloja Ahmed A. , Badmus Ganiyat O. , Olateju Kaosara O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study assessed the antibacterial and antifungal effect of Moringa oleifera seed marinade on smoked Clarias gariepinus stored at ambient temperature for 15 days. Sixty C. gariepinus (15 kg) were gutted, washed, and randomly assigned in triplicate to five treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg M. oleifera seedmeal in 3.67 g/kg brine solution for 2 hr and later hot smoked for 24 hr. After smoking, the fishes were allowed to cool and packed separately in a transparent Ziploc polythene bag arranged in a box and kept at room temperature. Microbial load and diversity were conducted in the laboratory at 5 days intervals. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium citrinium, Neurospora crassa, and Rhizopus stolonifer while Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. were the identified bacteria. The optimum effective concentration of moringa seed marinade that acts as anti‐bacteria was found best to be 11.2 g/kg of fish moringa marinade. While 12.08 g/kg exhibited the highest anti‐yeast effect in C. gariepinus and 10.6 g/kg serves as antifungi. Thus, moringa seed marinade is safe to use as a natural edible food preservative that can protect smoked dried catfish from microbial spoilage.
Measurement of fetal conus distance with 3D ultrasonography as a reliable prenatal diagnosis method for tethered cord syndrome
Authors: He Shaozheng , Ruan Junxian , Wang Xiali , Lyu Guorong , Wei Yuting , Huang Tingting , Zeng Piaoyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate if three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography is a reliable diagnosis method for prenatal tethered cord syndrome (TCS) by measuring fetal conus distance (CD) in comparison to two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis retrospective study included 468 normal fetuses as control group and 14 TCS fetuses as tethered group. CD were measured by 2D, 3D ultrasonography and MRI, and the reliability and repeatability of CD measurement was compared between two experienced ultrasound specialists or among the multiple measurements for each specialist.ResultsThe results showed that 3D ultrasonography was superior to 2D ultrasonography in the repeatability of measuring CD. The CD were positively correlated to gestational ages in control group (P < 0.05). The CD of TCS group (−1.342 ± 0.124) was significantly shorter than that of normal control group (0.013 ± 0.965) (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of locating conus medullaris and measuring CD between 3D ultrasonography and MRI.ConclusionMeasurement of fetal CD with 3D ultrasonography can serve as a reliable and cost‐effective prenatal diagnosis method for TCS.
Being obese versus trying to lose weight: Relationship with physical inactivity and soda drinking among high school students
Authors: Heo Moonseong , Wylie‐Rosett Judith 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAmong adolescents, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits are associated with being obese. We know little about how those are associated with trying to lose weight.METHODSWe analyzed the 2013 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance data (N = 13,583) to examine how obesity and trying to lose weight are associated with: (1) <5 physically active days per week with ≥60 minutes physical activity; (2) playing with video computer games ≥3 hours per day on average; (3) no participation in any sports team in the past year; and (4) drinking soda ≥2 times per day. We applied survey logistic regression adjusting for age and Hispanic ethnicity, stratified by sex.RESULTSBoth being obese (13.7%) and trying to lose weight (47.7%) are significantly associated with physical inactivity. Soda drinking was associated with being obese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, p = .003 for boys and OR = 1.36, p = .014 for girls); it was inversely associated trying to lose weight among girls (OR = 0.72, p < .001) but not among boys (OR = 1.13, p = .174).CONCLUSIONObesity was associated with physical inactivity and drinking soda in both sexes. Only girls appeared to avoid drinking soda as a strategy for losing weight. Trying to lose weight was associated with a higher likelihood of physically inactive behaviors both sexes. High schools need to develop collaborative strategies for reducing adolescent obesity and supporting students who are trying to lose weight that address physical inactivity and soda intake.
Oral surgery referrals at a UK dental hospital in the context of a managed clinical network: a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Sivarajasingam V. , Lewis K. , Athwal J. , Mort J. , Emanuel C. , Morgan M. Z. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsTo inform the first Welsh OS Managed Clinical Network (MCN), a mixed‐methods study investigated existing patterns, quality, suitability and reasons for referral to secondary care at the University Dental Hospital in Wales.Materials and methodsA random sample of 298 OS referrals were studied over a 6‐month period. Data recording proforma included details on referral practitioner, patient and referral diagnosis. Referrals were categorised by Levels of complexity (Levels 1, 2 and 3) and face‐to‐face, semi‐structured and audio‐recorded interviews were conducted with five frequent referrers.ResultsThe age range of patients was between 1 and 92 years, with over 58% (n = 174) women. Majority of referrals (80%) were from general dental practitioners. Top six practices accounted for a fifth (21%) of referrals, with three of these practices were corporate dental chains. Approximately, a third of referrals were categorised as Level 1 (37%), Level 2 (33%) and Level 3 (30%) complexity. 16% provided no medical history, and only 13% included supporting radiographs. Five themes emerged as reasons for oral surgery referrals: contract limitations, perception that new graduates lack OS practical skills, communication, practice resources and risk.ConclusionsPriorities for the Wales OS MCN are to reduce inappropriate referrals to secondary care and to ensure quality referrals. Introduction of the pan‐Wales electronic Referral Management System in May 2019 is welcome in this context. The newly formed Health Education and Improvement Wales, with lead roles in education, training and shaping the healthcare workforce, will form a vital part in tackling barriers for safe OS in primary care.
Immunodeficiency and disorders of immune dysregulation
Authors: Delmonte Ottavia Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe spectrum of clinical features associated with primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDs) has broadened due to the recent identification of many novel causative genes. Patients present with increased susceptibility to infections in addition to significant immune dysregulation, often leading to multiple autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and malignancy. Immunosuppressive treatment is often required but has to be weighed against augmented infectious risk. Recently, the improved molecular understanding of the mechanisms underlying many loss‐of‐function (LOF) and gain‐of‐function (GOF) genetic defects leading to PIDs has set the ground for the development of mechanism‐based therapeutic strategies that target a specific cell function. This article describes the clinical and laboratory features of selected recently described PIDs associated with immune dysregulation and novel precision medicine strategies aimed to control the disease burden in affected patients.
Development of a telehealth intervention to promote care‐seeking among transgender women of color in Washington, DC
Authors: Magnus Manya , Edwards Elizabeth , Dright Aurnell , Gilliam Leandrea , Brown Angela , Levy Matthew , Sikka Neal , Siegel Marc , Criss Vittoria , Watson Christopher Chauncey , Machtinger Edwards , Kuo Irene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransgender women of color (TWC) are an underserved population who often experience high rates of HIV and barriers to care including stigma, violence, and trauma. Few health information technology interventions are tailored to serve TWC. The purpose of this study was to inform the development of a TWC‐specific telehealth intervention to increase access to care.MethodsFormative qualitative semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted to develop a customized telehealth intervention for TWC. Participants were TWC ≥ 18 years living in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, with at least one structural barrier to care and clinicians ≥18 years who provide care to TWC. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic coding and content analysis; barriers for TWC were categorized into Individual, Organizational, and Environmental levels. Several day‐long meetings with TWC and stakeholders were convened to develop the intervention.ResultsSaturation of theme on barriers to care was reached with 22 interviews. Identified barriers to service receipt included survival, instability, temporal discounting, and prioritizing hormone therapy over care, incongruence between providers and patients, pessimism, and lack of cultural competency. Each was intentionally addressed with the telehealth intervention.ConclusionsData informed the development of an innovative and customized telehealth intervention for TWC. Through the integration of technology and peer consultant outreach, we developed a novel approach that can address population‐specific challenges to care. Further development of this model may be able to improve health outcomes among TWC.
Education and employment outcomes in clients of the Nurse–Family Partnership
Authors: Flowers Michael , Sainer Shannon , Stoneburner Ashley , Thorland William 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesNurse–Family Partnership (NFP) is an evidence‐based home visitation program designed for low‐income, first‐time mothers to support pregnancy, child development, and maternal self‐sufficiency. This study examined educational and employment outcomes among NFP clients compared to a reference sample.DesignEntropy balancing and a difference‐in‐difference design were used to compare the two samples of women from 2007 to 2016.SampleThere were 127,427 women in the NFP sample, and 787 women in the reference cohort.MeasurementsEducational outcomes included high school completion and employment outcomes consisted of employment status.ResultsAcross a one‐year interval, NFP mothers with less than a high school diploma or general education diploma (GED) at baseline showed a 9.5 percentage point increase in diploma or GED attainment compared to the reference mothers [95% CI: 0.015–0.180]. Similarly, mothers enrolled in NFP who were not employed at baseline showed a 7.8 percentage point increase in employment compared to the reference mothers [95% CI: 0.003–0.150].ConclusionsThe findings in this study show positive results for NFP mothers attaining high school completion and employment compared to mothers in the reference group. Such findings are of importance with regard to progression toward economic self‐sufficiency and corresponding reduction of health disparities.
Psychosocial problems of family caregivers of palliative care patients and their spiritual coping styles
Authors: Özdemir Fatima , Doğan Sibel , Timuçin Atayoğlu Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the psychosocial problems and spiritual coping styles of the family caregivers related to patients receiving palliative care.Design and MethodsThe research sample consisted of 76 family caregivers related to palliative care patients. The data collection method used were questionnaire forms. The two forms used were Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and Religious Coping Methods Scale.FindingsThe mean anxiety score of the participants was 10.86 ± 4.30, mean depression score was 9.38 ± 3.66, mean positive coping scale score was 25.31 ± 3.85, and mean negative coping scale score was 10.32 ± 3.38.Practice ImplicationsHealthcare professionals involved in palliative care are encouraged to evaluate the spiritual experiences of family caregiver to support their wellbeing.
Psychological mindedness as a mediator in the relationship between dysfunctional coping styles and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ping Pang Nicholas Tze , Masiran Ruziana , Tan Kit‐Aun , Kassim Aminah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposePsychological mindedness (PM) can partly explain depressive symptoms in caregivers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This cross‐sectional study examines PM in mediating the relationship between dysfunctional coping styles and depressive symptoms.Design and MethodsOne hundred fifty‐five adult ASD caregivers completed the Malay version of Brief COPE, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and the Balanced Index of PM.FindingsDirect paths between dysfunctional coping style and depressive symptoms, between insight and depressive symptoms, and between dysfunctional coping style and all PM variables (insight and interest) were obtained. Multiple regression analyses revealed that insight, but not interest, significantly mediates the relationship between dysfunctional coping and depressive symptoms.Practical ImplicationsPM can be enhanced via psychological interventions.
Safety Regulations and the Uncertainty of Work‐Related Road Accident Loss: The Triple Identity of Chinese Local Governments Under Principal–Agent Framework
Authors: Lu Liangdong , Huang Hong , Wei Jiuchang , Xu Jia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines how government safety regulations affect the uncertainty of work‐related road accident loss (UWRAL) by considering the multi‐identity of local governments in the relationship among the central government, the local governments, and enterprises. Fixed effects panel models and mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to test the hypotheses using Chinese provincial panel data from 2008 to 2014. Given the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of road safety systems, a new approach based on self‐organized criticality theory is proposed to measure the uncertainty of road accident loss from a complex system perspective. We find that a regional government with detailed safety work planning (SWP), high safety supervision intensity (SSI), and safety information transparency (SIT) can decrease the UWRAL. Furthermore, our findings suggest that SSI and SIT partially mediate the relationship between the SWP of regional governments and the UWRAL, with 19.7% and 23.6% indirect effects, respectively. This study also provides the government with managerial implications by linking the results of risk assessment to decision making for risk management.
Using Cox Regression to Develop Linear Rank Tests with Zero-Inflated Clustered Data
Authors: Lipsitz Stuart R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Sinha Debajyoti , Cole Alexander P. , Meyer Christian P. , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: February 2020

SummaryZero-inflated data arise in many fields of study. When comparing zero-inflated data between two groups with independent subjects, a 2 degree-of-freedom test has been developed, which is the sum of a 1 degree-of-freedom Pearson χ2-test for the 2×2 table of group versus dichotomized outcome (0,&gt;0) and a 1 degree-of-freedom Wilcoxon rank sum test for the values of the outcome ‘&gt;0’. Here, we extend this 2 degrees-of-freedom test to clustered data settings. We first propose the use of an estimating equations score statistic from a time-varying weighted Cox regression model under naive independence, with a robust sandwich variance estimator to account for clustering. Since our proposed test statistics can be put in the framework of a Cox model, to gain efficiency over naive independence, we apply a generalized estimating equations Cox model with a non-independence ‘working correlation’ between observations in a cluster. The methods proposed are applied to a General Social Survey study of days with mental health problems in a month, in which 52.3% of subjects report that they have no days with problems: a zero-inflated outcome. A simulation study is used to compare our proposed test statistics with previously proposed zero-inflated test statistics.
Characterization of the normal equine conjunctival bacterial community using culture‐independent methods
Authors: LaFrentz Stacey , Abarca Eva , Mohammed Haitham H. , Cuming Rosemary , Arias Covadonga R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe equine conjunctival microbiota has often been reported to be dominated by Gram‐positive species such asStaphylococcussp., Bacillussp., andCorynebacteriumsp. However, traditional culture‐based methods can only recover a fraction of the bacterial species present in the sample.ObjectivesThis pilot study aimed at exploring the diversity of the equine conjunctival microbiota using culture‐independent methods.Study designEight horses were included in this study, and only eyes with normal ophthalmic examination (n = 15 eyes) were sampled.MethodsConjunctival biopsies (culture‐independent) were collected, and DNA was extracted from the tissues. Bacterial communities in conjunctival biopsies were characterized by next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Individual reads were ascribed to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using BLASTn and Greengenes databases. Species richness, evenness, and Good’s coverage were determined for each conjunctiva‐associated microbial community.ResultsCulture‐independent samples produced a total of 329 bacterial OTUs. The main OTUs identified in the study belonged to the Gram‐negative speciesRalstonia mannitolilytica(88.0%),Nicoletella semolina(3.3%), andPseudomonas tolaasii(1.5%).ConclusionsContrary to previously published data based on culture‐dependent methods, the horse eye microbial community was dominated by Gram‐negative bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria.
Long‐term quality of life and cost‐effectiveness of treatment of partial thickness burns: A randomized controlled trial comparing enzyme alginogel vs silver sulfadiazine (FLAM study)
Authors: Rashaan Zjir M. , Krijnen Pieta , Kwa Kelly AA , van Baar Margriet E. , Breederveld Roelf S. , van den Akker‐van Marle M. Elske 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe clinical effectiveness and scar quality of the randomized controlled trial comparing enzyme alginogel with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) for treatment of partial thickness burns were previously reported. Enzyme alginogel did not lead to faster wound healing (primary outcome) or less scar formation. In the current study, the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), costs, and cost‐effectiveness of enzyme alginogel compared with SSD in the treatment of partial thickness burns were studied. HRQoL was evaluated using the Burn Specific Health Scale‐Brief (BSHS‐B) and the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire 1 week before discharge and at 3, 6, and 12 months postburn. Costs were studied from a societal perspective (health care and nonhealth‐care costs) for a follow‐up period of 1 year. A cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed using cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves and comparing differences in societal costs and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) at 1 year postburn. Forty‐one patients were analyzed in the enzyme alginogel group and 48 patients in the SSD group. None of the domains of BSHS‐B showed a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Also, no statistically significant difference in QALYs was found between enzyme alginogel and SSD (difference −0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.09 to 0.03; P = .30). From both the health care and the societal perspective, the difference in costs between enzyme alginogel and SSD was not statistically significant: the difference in health‐care costs was €3210 (95% CI, €‐1247 to €7667; P = .47) and in societal costs was €3377 (95% CI €‐6229 to €12 982; P = .49). The nonsignificant differences in costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years in favor of SSD resulted in a low probability (<25%) that enzyme alginogel is cost‐effective compared to SSD. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in quality of life between both treatment groups. Enzyme alginogel is unlikely to be cost‐effective compared with SSD in the treatment of partial thickness burns.