bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Partial General Equilibrium Analysis Of Fiscal Policy Injection On Poverty And Inequality In South Africa&nbsp;
Authors: Kavese Kambale , Phiri Andrew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study employs a partial general equilibrium approach calibrated on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and a contemporaneous dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the effect of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth, income inequality, poverty, employment and inequality reduction in South Africa. The simulation results reveal that expansionary fiscal policy i) benefits rich ‘white’ households the most and poor ‘coloured’ households the least ii) improves adult employment more than youth employment iii) improves employment in urban areas as proposed to employment in rural areas iv) has a very small effect on improving economic growth and reducing the Gini coefficient v) benefits ‘well-off’ households more than it does ‘poor’ households vi) promotes ‘low-skilled’ employment more than it does for ‘high-skilled’ labourers. Associated policy implications based on our findings are also discussed.
Energy-Efficient Capture of Stochastic Events based on On-line Scheduling Scheme
Authors: Fu Xiao , Cheng Zongmao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We improve the off-line scheduling scheme of existing wireless sensor network. Firstly, we introduce Bayesian statistical method in synchronous wireless sensor network, then we let duration and interval, the reflection of characteristics of stochastic events, obey exponential distribution, and next we make Bayes posterior estimation on parameter. Based on Bayesian estimate, we obtain the analytical solution of the capture probability of stochastic events and sensor energy efficiency of capture events. Finally, we propose an on-line scheduling scheme for synchronous wireless sensor networks. This paper compares and analyzes the simulation experiments in on-line scheduling scheme and off-line scheduling scheme and the results show that compared with off-line scheduling scheme with constant distribution parameter values, on-line scheduling scheme can effectively reduce the probability of missing stochastic events and increase the probability of capturing events. Further save energy consumption of wireless sensor network and extend network lifetime.
On the dynamic commodity price pass-through effect to CPI constituents
Authors: Unger Stephan , Cebiroglu Goekhan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the price pass-through effect of the most heavily traded commodities to CPI constituents. We reveal the differences between EU CPI and US CPI constituent dependency on commodity prices, and investigate the dynamics of the price pass-through effect. Our major finding is that due to globalization the US exhibits a high degree of de-industrialization indicated by a break down of the commodity price pass-through effect, while European consumer prices still exhibit a significant exposure to commodity price fluctuations.
Compared to plasma, bronchial washing fluid shows higher diagnostic yields for detecting EGFR-TKI sensitizing mutations by ddPCR in lung cancer
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Eun Young , Kim Taehee , Chang Yoon Soo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The diagnostic rate of advanced lung adenocarcinoma must be improved. In this study, we compared the EGFR-tyrosine kinase-sensitizing mutation (mEGFR) detection rate of bronchial washing fluid (BWF) to that of blood in lung adenocarcinoma using the tissue genotype as a standard reference.Methods: Paired blood-bronchial washing specimens were collected from 73 patients with lung cancer. The tumor EGFR mutation status was determined by tumor tissue genotyping of plasma and BWFs by digital droplet PCR.Results: Thirty-five of 73 cases had wild-type EGFR, and 19 had L858R and E19d mutations. The study cohort included 26, 10, 10, and 27 patients with stage I, II, III, and IV disease. The area under the curve (AUC) of the BWF was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.822–0.969) and that of the plasma was 0.686 (95% CI: 0.592–0.780). The AUC obtained from BWF was significantly higher than that from plasma (p < 0.001). The fractional abundance (Fa) was higher in the BWF of mEGFR-positive cases (p = 0.004), facilitating easy threshold setting and discrimination between mEGFR-positive and -negative cases. When the genotyping results of blood and BWF were compared in early lung cancer (I–IIIA), the diagnostic yields were significantly higher in BWF and showed the same tendency in the advanced stage, suggesting that it may reflect the genotype status in early-stage patients.Conclusions: The mEGFR genotype results obtained from BWF showed higher diagnostic efficacy than those from the blood. BWF may be a useful substitute for plasma-based genotyping in lung cancer.
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression pattern in human induced pluripotent stem cells during in vitro neural induction.
Authors: Lee Hyunah , Cocks Graham D. , Nowosiad Paulina , Polit Lucia M. Dutan , Price Jack , Srivas Deepak P. , Thuret Sandrine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein that plays significant roles in important cellular mechanisms in peripheral tissues and is as well expressed in the central nervous system, notably by adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus. Evidence from animal studies suggest that ApoE is critical for adult NSC maintenance. However, whether ApoE has the potential to play a similar role in human NSCs has not been directly investigated. To address this question, we conducted a focused study on APOE gene expression level using an in vitro model of neural differentiation and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a neurotypical individual. We found that APOE expression was dramatically decreased as the cells became more differentiated, indicating that APOE expression levels reflect the degree of cellular differentiation during neural induction suggesting a potential role for ApoE in human NSC maintenance. Our findings justify further investigations being carried out to understand whether changes in APOE level can directly impact the neurogenic capacity of human stem cells.
LiDAR derived terrain wetness indices to infer soil moisture above underground pipelines
Authors: Bretreger David , Yeo In-Young , Melchers Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Corrosion of external cast-iron pipe surfaces, a major contributor to pipe failure, has been attributed to the free water in the soil surrounding the pipe. Because observation at pipe depth is difficult, a potential proxy is the soil surface moisture. Herein highly accurate elevation data derived from airborne light detection and ranging is used to model the distribution of soil water in urban catchments containing pipe infrastructure. The results are compared with local soil moisture Theta Probe measurements along the pipe. The results show potential to identify wetter spots above underground infrastructure, which may inform its corrosion potential, without digging up the asset.
Canadian Supercomputer Threat Assessment and Potential Responses
Authors: CASIS  
Published: February 2020

Four key events are addressed in this briefing note. Key event one is the announcement in April and May of 2017 with the launch of two supercomputers in Canada (Graham at University of Waterloo; Cedar at Simon Fraser University) and a third (Niagara at The University of Toronto) using Compute Canada’s Resources Allocation (Compute Canada, 2018a). Key event two is the announcement that Huawei Canada is building Graham’s operating system (Feldman, 2017). Key event three entails CSIS being warned by the US Senators (Rep. Sen Marco Rubio and Dem. Sen Mark Warner) about the possibility of China and Russia spying on Canada. Key event four, the United States has reportedly banned sales of Huawei products on US military bases (Bronskill, 2018; Collins, 2018).
This briefing note is particularly relevant as Compute Canada is now preparing for 2019 resource allocation; there may be a raised/elevated security risk of economic espionage intellectual property theft and abusing education access privileges which need to be considered (SFU Innovates Staff, 2018).
Understanding Terrorism Through the Fear of Death
Authors: CASIS  
Published: February 2020

On September 19th 2019, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its roundtable meeting which covered “The Nature of Contemporary Terrorism.” The following presentation featured Dr. Robert Farkasch, a faculty lecturer in the Political Science Department at the University of British Columbia. Dr. Farkasch offers instruction in international political economy, international relations and terrorism studies. In his presentation, Dr. Farkasch appears to argue that religiously defined terrorism is the most dangerous ideological variant of terrorism and that the cause of terrorism is entrenched in our fear of death.
The subsequent roundtable discussion centred around a case study of Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year- old Australian man that opened fire upon two Mosques in Christchurch New Zealand earlier this year, killing 51 people. Many called the attacks Islamophobic due to his targets and the content within a 74-page manifesto that Tarrant authored and released beforehand. Audience members at the roundtable discussed the nature of Tarrant’s attacks and how social media platforms could address radical positions within online spaces.
Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the United States
Authors: Weichelt Bryan , Gorucu Serap , Jennissen Charles , Denning Gerene , Oesch Stephen 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundInjuries related to the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs), including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), continue to be a significant public health concern, especially in rural and agricultural environments. In the United States alone, ATVs have played a role in thousands of fatalities and millions of injuries in the recent decades. However, no known centralized federal surveillance system consistently captures these data. Traditional injury data sources include surveys, police reports, trauma registries, emergency department data, newspaper and online media reports, and state and federal agency databases.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study paper were to (1) identify published articles on ORV-related injuries and deaths that used large databases and determine the types of datasets that were used, (2) examine and describe several national US-based surveillance systems that capture ORV-related injuries and fatalities, and (3) promote and provide support for the establishment of a federally-funded agricultural injury surveillance system.MethodsIn this study, we examined several national United States–based injury datasets, including the web-based AgInjuryNews, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, databases compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System.ResultsOur review found that these data sources cannot provide a complete picture of the incidents or the circumstantial details needed to effectively inform ORV injury prevention efforts. This is particularly true with regard to ORV-related injuries in agricultural production.ConclusionsWe encourage the establishment of a federally funded national agricultural injury surveillance system. However, in lieu of this, use of multiple data sources will be necessary to provide a more complete picture of ORV- and other agriculture-related injuries and fatalities.
Review of modern optimization methods for bearing systems of buildings аnd structures
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot G. , Alekseytsev Anatoly V. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction. A review of modern approaches to the search for design solutions, optimal by various criteria, for load-bearing construction structures is given. The paper discloses problems of finding solutions on discrete sets of variable parameters reflecting modern approaches to design considering the available range of materials and products. It also formulated the goals of the literary review, its relevance to modern socio-economic conditions, and a brief historical digest reflecting the stages of development of search methods. The focus of the review is on new metaheuristic approaches that are used in world practice to optimize the load-bearing systems. Materials and methods. The methods of searching for relevant literature in international scientific databases are described. The selection of sources was based on the international Web of Science databases by publishing house Thomson Reuters, Scopus, EI Compendex by Elsevier publishing house which, had well-developed tools for thematic search as well as guaranteeing the legitimacy and quality of the literature. Results. The article classified the modern methods of searching for optimal design solutions by several criteria. Those included the metaheuristic approach type, number of optimization goals, methods of considering constraints, presentation of varying parameters, consideration of life cycle stages, survivability, reliability, facility safety levels, and accident risks. A series of the most promising optimization methods based on the mathematical formalization of physical processes, as well as combined iterative strategies, are described. Attention is also paid to some gradient approaches and methods of mathematical programming. Conclusions. The paper has shown that to meet modern requirements for building load-bearing structures, including safety criteria, minimizing costs during the life cycle, reliability, survivability, and other properties, the methods similar to biological processes in wildlife are most widely spread. These methods have a relatively fast adaptability to solve a broad class of problems in construction. Analysis of the reviewed sources showed that the far-reaching methods for solving problems of construction design optimization are stochastic methods using discrete sets of design parameters that reflect features of building structure design.
A cause-and-consequence analysis of serious emergencies with the aim of providing integrated safety of buildings and installations
Authors: Telichenko Valery I. , Roitman Vladimir M. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Throughout their entire life cycle, construction projects are under the influence of numerous dangers and threats of technogenic and natural character. It is necessary to provide the safety of these projects in various emergencies, including ones of combined character. When solving problems connected with providing safety of the facilities under these conditions, specialists encounter difficulties. Studies in a new school, developing a concept of integrated safety in construction, are conducted in the National Research University MGSU on the initiative by and under the guidance of Professor V.I. Telichenko.
Materials and methods. The authors apply a concept of integrated safety in construction developed with their participation. The concept serves as the basis for analysis of major emergencies of the last years (2009–2019): the fire in the Lame Horse nightclub, the fire in the Winter Cherry mall at the town of Kemerovo, the explosion in a residential house at the town of Magnitogorsk, the fire in the cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris.
Results. Analysis of the latest emergencies allowed identifying their main causes. Those include gross violations of requirements for a fire protection system (FPS) for buildings and installations as the basis for providing the integrated facility safety in emergencies and insufficient consideration of construction facility technical condition when assessing its integrated safety under emergency conditions.
Conclusions. The paper attracts attention to the FPS of buildings and installations. For the convenience of standardization and designing safety systems of construction projects, the authors suggest to classify FPS measures into four blocks: providing stability of the facilities in emergencies, limiting the spread of fire, providing human safety during the emergency, active protection of the facilities during the emergency. The system of the FPS measures can be considered as the basis for providing integrated safety of the facilities under emergency conditions. The article has shown that the revealed causes of the unwarranted loss of human lives and material damage could be eliminated by means of timely application of the corresponding FPS measures.
A Scholar, Poet and Critic
Authors: Manaf Nor Faridah Abdul 
Published: February 2020

From the Archives: This interview was conducted during Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s visit to Flinders University in September 1994 and first published in the CRNLE (Centre for Research in the New Literatures in English) Reviews Journal in 1995. We are republishing it with Professor Lim’s permission, and with a postscript from Dr Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf to bring it up to date.
1995 Introduction: I first started reading Professor Lim's work in her role as a well-known critic of Malaysia and Singapore Anglophone writings, although she was better known as a poet. My brief encounter with Professor Lim during her visit to the CRNLE in conjunction with CRNLE's International Conference in September 1994, was both delightful and inspirational. To me, Professor Lim represents the many invisible tough and strong women in Asia particularly in Malaysia. She has gone through many conflicts and contradictions in her search for identity as a woman.
ISOLASI BAKTERI DARI TANAH SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA ANTIMIKROB
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , ROSALINA FEBRIANTI 
Published: February 2020

Antibiotik adalah bahan obat yang sangat memegang peranan penting dalam menanggulangi penyakit infeksi. Senyawa antimikroba dapat diperoleh dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan mikroba. Senyawa antimikrob yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan antibiotik sintetik karena memiliki sifat yang lebih efektif, sebab targetnya spesifik serta toksisitasnya rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan ialah untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari tanah yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa antimikrob, serta untuk menguji aktivitas penghambtannya terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah isolasi, purifikasi, dan seleksi bakteri dari sampel tanah dengan metode uji penghambatan sedangkan bakteri Bacillus sp. Merupakan bakteri pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh terdapat 2 isolat yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yaitu isolat 1 dan isolate 4. Isolat 1 lebih berpotensi menghambat E. coli dengan indeks hambat 4.0 mm dibandingkan dengan penghambatan S. aureus dengan indeks hambat 3.1 mm. Sedangkan isolat 4 lebih berpotensi menghambat S. aureus dengan indeks hambat 2.8 mm dibandingkan dengan penghambatan terhadap E. coli dengan indeks hambat 1.4 mm.
PENGATURAN PENDAFTARAN BADAN USAHA BUKAN BADAN HUKUM MELALUI SISTEM ADMINISTRASI BADAN USAHA
Authors: Yustisia Utami Putu Devi 
Published: February 2020

Istilah Perseroan Komanditer, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita. Dasar hukum pendirian CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata adalah berdasarkan KUHD dan KUHPerdata. Berdasarkan pasal 23 KUHD, pendaftaran pendirian CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata dilakukan di Kepaniteraan Pengadilan Negeri. Akan tetapi, saat ini pemerintah telah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Pendaftaran CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata dimana pendaftarannya mirip dengan pendaftaran badan usaha berbadan hukum yaitu dilakukan kepada Menteri melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Usaha (SABU) secara online. Ini menyebabkan adanya ketidaksesuaian norma mengenai pendaftaran pendirian badan usaha bukan badan hukum. Berdasarkan paparan tersebut penulis menemukan permasalahan yaitu Bagaimanakah pengaturan mengenai badan usaha bukan badan hukum dalam peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Apa akibat hukum bagi badan usaha bukan badan hukum yang berdiri sebelum berlakunya Permenkumham No. 17 tahun 2018 yang tidak mendaftarkan dirinya pada Sistem Administrasi Badan Usaha (SABU). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang- undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan analisis konsep (Analytical Concept Approach). Kesimpulannya adalah berdasarkan asas lex posterior derograt legi priori, dalam hal terjadi dualisme pengaturan pendaftaran CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata, ketentuan hukum yang dipergunakan adalah KUHD dan KUHPerdata.
RELEVANCE OF RIGHT TO ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION (RESD) PRINCIPLES OF INDONESIAN SOVEREIGNTY IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY (BIT)
Authors: Evi Kristhy Mutia , Murhaini H. Suriansyah 
Published: February 2020

The RESD principle is relevant for protecting the sovereignty of the Indonesian state in BIT negotiations, formulations and implementation. This relevance is based on the willingness and ability of the Indonesian state to exercise its sovereign authority responsibly in managing foreign investment. Accountability of sovereignty functions in the context of foreign investment can be proven through the willingness and ability of the functions it carries to ensure the availability of political good and public good to all parties who invest in their jurisdiction. Proving the country can be done through three main principles of the implementation of state sovereignty, namely responsibly, in accordance with good governance, and international standards of civilization. These three principles are manifested in the country's willingness and ability to guarantee political good in carrying out foreign investment relations with foreign investors and partner countries. Political good in this context is democratic governance (rule of law), good governance (anti-corruption). The implication of this legitimacy is that the state is spared or even cannot be interfered by other authorities, because it has a bargaining position. Keywords: Right to Economic Self-Determination (RESD), Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), Sovereignty.
PROVISIONS ON DEATH CRIMINAL THREATS IN NARCOTIC LAW IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Malik Faissal 
Published: February 2020

The threat of capital punishment is seen as an appropriate type of crime threatened against narcotics offenders with the qualifications of producers and dealers, because narcotics is a serious crime and the nature of the offenders who have a network to produce and circulate narcotics for business or economic purposes only so that their actions can cause great danger or have a profound effect on human life and national life in the political, economic, social, cultural and national defense sectors. In the end the deterrent effect with a very severe sentence, including the threat of capital punishment, became the target to achieve the goal of enacting Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics in addition to providing narcotics for health needs and scientific development, also intended to reduce the quantity of perpetrators of abuse and circulation dark narcotics. Although it is realized that with the enactment of this law, the number of drug abuse and distribution by the perpetrators does not deter and can educate producers and distributors of the sentences not proportional to their actions compared to the consequences suffered by victims. In other words, the target of the regulation of death penalty in this law is not only for death row inmates, but also for potential perpetrators who have not yet been sentenced to death. Therefore, the threat of capital punishment aims to suppress the high crime rate, which in the end the community becomes orderly, peaceful and safe. Keywords: narcotics, capital punishment, punishment