bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Examination of Transition to Practice for Graduates of Professional Master's Programs: Socializing Factors
Authors: Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Bowman Thomas G. , Kilbourne Brianne F. , Barrett Jessica L. 
Published: June 2020

ContextTransition to practice is a current topic in athletic training and needs to be explored from a longitudinal perspective. Many athletic training programs and employing organizations are supporting transition to practice, yet little is known about the most common methods. Moreover, transition to practice is an ongoing process that can persist up to a year while current literature draws from snapshots.ObjectiveLongitudinally explore the educational and organizational socialization practices used to support transition to practice.DesignQualitative study.SettingNine higher education institutions.Patients or Other ParticipantsFourteen athletic training students (7 male, 7 female, age = 26 ± 4 years) participated.Data Collection and AnalysisParticipants completed semistructured interviews over the phone 3 times over the course of a 15-month period (before graduation, 4–6 months, and 10–12 months during their first job). All transcribed interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness.ResultsTwo main educational mechanisms were found to support transition to practice; they included (1) mentorship and (2) past experience. Three main organizational mechanisms were identified to support transition to practice: (1) mentorship, (2) orientation to the job, and (3) living the job.ConclusionsA blend of educational and organizational mechanisms is necessary to help support newly credentialed athletic trainers as they transition into clinical practice. Mentorship is important throughout the process, before and after newly credentialed athletic trainers enter their professional role.
Perceived resilience capacity of rice farmers to climate change in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwobodo Cynthia Ebere , Eze Love Ginikachukwu , Ohagwu Violet Amarachukwu , Unagwu Benedict Onyebuchi 
Published: June 2020

The study determined rice farmers’ perceived resilience capacity to climate change in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 104 respondents for the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used in presentation of results. Results showed that areas of rice farmers’ resilience capacity to climate change were: planting improved varieties of seed ( x̄ =4.76), utilisation of soil that retains water longer ( x̄ =3.33), access to very fertile soil for rice production ( x̄ =3.28) and good amount of solar radiation ( x̄ =3.21). However, areas in which respondents’ did not perceive as sources of resilience capacity were: favourable government policies ( x̄ =2.37), good marketing policies ( x̄ =2.57), and access to insurance ( x̄ =2.84). Policies such as crop insurance, appropriate marketing and infrastructural policies that help rice farmers cope with negative effects of climate change be enacted and implemented. Such policies should address issues of marketing and insurance of rice farms against disasters such as flood, drought, diseases and pests’ infestation.
Keywords: Resilience capacity, climate change, adaptation strategies, rice
Analysis of income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyaegbu C.N. , Ibekwe U.C. , Odii M.A.C.A. , Ehirim N.C. , Chikezie C. 
Published: June 2020

This study analyzed the income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to disaggregate the broiler farmers into different scale of production in the study area; determine the pooled income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in the study area; and to determine the income distribution patterns of broiler farmers across different scale of production. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted, and a total of 9 LGAs were purposively selected from the 3 zones. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 26small-scale, 9 medium-scale and zero large-scale broiler farmers from Owerri Agricultural Zone for the study. In Orlu, 15 small-scale, 15 medium-scale and 6 large-scale of broiler farmers were selected, while 15 small-scale, 11 medium-scale and 3 large-scale broiler farmers were selected from Okigwe Zone using the same method. This gave a total of 113 broiler farmers selected from the chosen LGA’s in the state. Out of 113 broiler farmers selected for study only a total of 100 responses were retrieved from the field. The survey was conducted between June 2018 to November 2018. Data were collected on the socio-economic variables of the broiler farmers; scale of operation of broiler farmers; cost of broiler production, imputed cost and income; and revenue from broiler production. Use was made of Gini Coefficient, Lorenz curve, and Decile distribution. The result of this study revealed 3 scale of broiler operation with small-scale having 57%, medium-scale 34%, while large-scale is 9%. The study discovered that income was unequally distributed among the broiler farmers and this was confirmed by Gini coefficient value of 0.58 for small-scale broiler farmers, Gini coefficient value of 0.68 for medium-scale farmers, Gini coefficient value of 0.83 for the pooled income of broiler farmers across the state and deciledistribution of the pooled income in which 10th decile controls 77.39% of the total income of broiler farmers while 1st decile controls only 0.52% of the total income of broiler farmers. The Lorenz curve confirmed the existence of unequal distribution of income which is a deviation from the line of equality. In contrast, income gap among large-scale broiler farmers is very small, thus the distribution pattern can be regarded as relatively equal with a Gini Coefficient value of 0.25. The result reveals that the income gap among broiler farmers in Imo State is too wide to allow broiler farmers to transition from small-scale operation to large-scale which left majority of them as small-scale farmers.
Keywords: Income distribution, broiler farmers and scale of operation.
Analysis of cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejike R.D. , Chidiebere-Mark N.M. 
Published: June 2020

The study analysed Cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa processors, the structure and conduct of cocoa processors, cost and returns, marketing efficiency and constraints to cocoa processing and marketing in the study area. A total of 120 cocoa processors and marketers were randomly selected from the selected local governments purposively chosen using a multistage sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from cocoa processors who also engage in marketing of cocoa. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that majority (56.7%) of the processors and marketers were males, with a mean age of 51.35 years, literates (98.3%), married (86.7%), members of cooperative society (75%,), had extension contact (60%) and have a mean household size of 5 persons with 11.2 years processing and marketing experience. Cost and return analysis revealed that cocoa processing and marketing is a profitable venture and the marketers were efficient at their trade. Multiple Regression result revealed that Age, Educational level, household size, were significant variables that influence marketing efficiency of processors and marketers in the study area. Constraints identified include; transportation, spoilage, price fluctuation amongst others. The study recommends among others the provision of infrastructure like modern processing facilities and good road network by government to improve efficiency in processing and marketing of cocoa.
Keywords: Cocoa processing, Cost-return, Efficiency, Marketing
Determinants of productivity of farmland in Imo State
Authors: Anyiam K.H. , Igwe K.C. , Henry-Ukoha A. 
Published: June 2020

The study analysed the determinants of productivity of farmland in Imo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using a set of structured questionnaires from 60 food crop farmers who were selected through purposive and random sampling techniques. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and econometric tools. The results showed that majority of the respondents were young in their active years, with a mean age of 45 years, married, mostly females, had mean level education of 8 years and mostly farming as their major occupation. The results also showed that the food crop farmers had adequate labour force of a mean 7 persons per household and cultivated an average farm size of 1.06 hectares. The result of the productivity of farmland was 4.03, which showed high productivity. From the results also, the exponential function is the lead equation. The study concluded that farmlands in Imo state are productive and are determined by farm size, location, distance, quantity of fertilizer used, type of soil and duration of tenancy. The study advocated for food crop farmers to form a cooperative to enable them pool their resources together for gaining larger farmlands, fertilizer and other farm inputs.
Keywords: Farmland, Determinants, Productivity, Imo state.
Additions to the geographical distribution of the Malagasy family Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 (Scorpiones: Buthoidea) and description of three new species of<i> Microcharmus</i> Lourenço 1 995
Authors: Lourenço Wilson R. , Waeber Patrick O. , Wilmé Lucienne 
Published: June 2020

A more up to date biogeographic analysis of the patterns of distribution presented by the scorpions of the family Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 are presented. This family is revalidated here based on numerous morphological characters. This Malagasy group of scorpions is represented by two genera, Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995 and Neoprotobuthus Lourenço 2000 both endemic to the Island. The family Microcharmidae seems to be restricted to dry and wet forests formations in the northern and northwestern portions of the island. Here we describe three species new to science:Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. and Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. The distribution of these new species seems to be restricted to the northern range of Madagascar, in habitats ranging from dry to wet forests, confirming therefore the patterns previously observed.
Une analyse biogéographique à jour portant sur les schémas de distribution des scorpions de la famille des Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 est présentée. La famille est ici revalidée sur la base de nombreux caractères morphologiques. Ce groupe de scorpions de Madagascar est représenté par deux genres, Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995 et Neoprotobuthus Lourenço 2000 tous deux endémiques de l’île. La famille des Microcharmidaesemble avoir une distribution limitée aux formations forestières sèches et humides des parties nord et nord-ouest de l’île. Ici, nous décrivons trois espèces nouvelles pour la scienced : Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. et Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. La distribution de ces trois nouvelles espèces semble limitée à la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, dans des habitats allant des forêts sèches à humides, ce qui confirme ainsi les schémas préalablement observés.
Impact of Pavement Roughness on Traffic Safety under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Popoola M.O. , Apampa O.A. , Adekitan O. 
Published: June 2020

H ighway safety is a major priority for public use and for transportation agencies. Pavement roughness indirectly influence drivers' concentration, vehicle operation, and road traffic accidents, and it directly affect ride quality. This study focuses on analyzing the influence of pavement roughness on traffic safety using traffic, pavement and accident data on dual and single carriageway operated under heterogeneous traffic conditions in South-west, Nigeria. Traffic crash data between 2012 and 2015 was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and International Roughness Index (IRI) data from the Pavement Evaluation Unit of the Federal Ministry of Works, Kaduna. Crash road segments represented 63 percent of the total length of roads. IRI values for crash and non-crash segments was a close difference of 0.3,This indicates that roughness is not the only factors affecting occurrence of traffic crashes but a combination with other factors such as human error, geometric characteristics and vehicle conditions. Crash severity was categorized into Fatal, serious and minor injury crashes. In all cases, the total crash rate increases with increase in IRI value up to a critical IRI value of 4.4 and 6.15 for Sagamu-Ore road and Ilesha-Akure-Owo road respectively, wherein the crash rate dropped. The conclusion is key in improving safety concerns, if transportation agencies keep their road network below these critical pavement conditions, the crash rate would largely decrease. The study concluded that ride quality does not directly affect traffic crash rate.
Keywords: Pavement conditions, traffic safety, International Roughness Index, crash rate, carriageway.
Continuous Sorption of Chromium Ions from Simulated Effluents using Citric Acid Modified Sweet Potato Peels
Authors: Yahya M.D. , Ihejirika C.V. , Iyaka Y.A. , Garba U. , Olugbenga A.G. 
Published: June 2020

Adsorptive removal of chromium ion in aqueous medium using activated sweet potato peel (SPP) was studied in a laboratory-scale fixed bed column. Specifically, the effect of process parameters such as bed depth, flowrate and chromium ion concentration in aqueous solution, on the adsorption efficiency of the acid modified sweet potato peel was examined. Column adsorption analysis showed that at the flow rate of 0.5 cm3/min, bed height of 6 cm and column influent concentration of 30 mg/dm3, the optimum chromium (VI) ion removal of 87.5% was attained with the equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.4548 mg/g. Continuous adsorption models such as Yoon-Nelson, Adam-Bohart and the Bed-Depth Service Time (BDST) model, were used to analyse the experimental data and based on correlation coefficient, BDST model best aligned with the obtained experimental data with correlation coefficient, R2, value of 96.43%. The bed capacity, No, and the rate constant, Ka, were calculated as 4.259 mg/dm3 and 0.01045 L/mgmin respectively at optimum column conditions. Results confirmed that acid modified SPP can be used to remove or reduce concentrations of Cr (VI) ions to allowable limits before disposal into water bodies.
Keywords: Continuous sorption, chromium ions, sweet potato peel, kinetic isotherms, breakthrough curves
The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Authors: Simmonds Peter G. , Rigby Matthew , Manning Alistair J. , Park Sunyoung , Stanley Kieran M. , McCulloch Archie , Henne Stephan , Graziosi Francesco , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor , Reimann Stefan , Vollmer Martin K. , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Weiss Ray F. , Salameh Peter K. , Harth Christina M. , Park Mi-Kyung , Park Hyeri , Arnold Tim , Rennick Chris , Steele L. Paul , Mitrevski Blagoj , Wang Ray H. J. , Prinn Ronald G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions
measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)
monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission
estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of
7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade
emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries
(non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between
our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.
Simplified SAGE II ozone data usage rules
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Thomason Larry W. , Bird Leroy J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. High-quality satellite-based measurements are crucial to the assessment of global stratospheric composition change. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) provides the longest, continuous data set of vertically resolved ozone and aerosol extinction coefficients to date and therefore remains a cornerstone of understanding and detecting long-term ozone variability and trends in the stratosphere. Despite its stability, SAGE II measurements must be screened for outliers that are a result of excessive aerosol emitted into the atmosphere and that degrade inferences of change. Current methods for SAGE II ozone measurement quality assurance consist of multiple ad hoc and sometimes conflicting rules, leading to too much valuable data being removed or outliers being missed. In this work, the SAGE II ozone data set version 7.00 is used to develop and present a new set of screening recommendations and to compare the output to the screening recommendations currently used. Applying current recommendations to SAGE II ozone leads to unexpected features, such as removing ozone values around zero if the relative error is used as a screening criterion, leading to biases in monthly mean zonal mean ozone concentrations. Most of these current recommendations were developed based on “visual inspection”, leading to inconsistent rules that might not be applicable at every altitude and latitude. Here, a set of new screening recommendations is presented that take into account the knowledge of how the measurements were made. The number of screening recommendations is reduced to three, which mainly remove ozone values that are affected by high aerosol loading and are therefore not reliable measurements. More data remain when applying these new recommendations compared to the rules that are currently being used, leading to more data being available for scientific studies. The SAGE II ozone data set used here is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710518 (Kremser et al., 2020). The complete SAGE II version 7.00 data set, which includes other variables in addition to ozone, is available at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sage2/sage2_v7_table (last access: December 2019), https://doi.org/10.5067/ERBS/SAGEII/SOLAR_BINARY_L2-V7.0 (SAGE II Science Team, 2012; Damadeo et al., 2013).
Assessment of extreme flows and uncertainty under climate change: disentangling the uncertainty contribution of representative concentration pathways, global climate models and internal climate variability
Authors: Gao Chao , Booij Martijn J. , Xu Yue-Ping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Projections of streamflow, particularly of extreme flows under climate change, are essential for future water resources management and the development of adaptation strategies to floods and droughts. However, these projections are subject to uncertainties originating from different sources. In this study, we explored the possible changes in future streamflow, particularly for high and low flows, under climate change in the Qu River basin, eastern China. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was employed to quantify the contribution of different uncertainty sources from RCPs (representative concentration pathways), GCMs (global climate models) and internal climate
variability, using an ensemble of 4 RCP scenarios, 9 GCMs and 1000 simulated realizations of each model–scenario combination by SDRM-MCREM (a stochastic daily rainfall model coupling a Markov chain model with a rainfall event model). The results show that annual mean flow and high flows are projected to increase and that low flows will probably decrease in 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s) relative to the historical period of 1971–2000, suggesting a higher risk of floods and droughts in the future in the Qu River basin, especially for the late 21st century. Uncertainty in mean flows is mostly attributed to GCM uncertainty. For high flows and low flows, internal climate variability and GCM uncertainty are two major uncertainty sources for the 2050s and 2080s, while for the 2080s, the effect of RCP uncertainty becomes more pronounced, particularly for low flows. The findings in this study can help water managers to become more knowledgeable about and get a better understanding of streamflow projections and support decision making regarding adaptations to a changing climate under uncertainty in the Qu River basin.
Essential oil yield and composition of native species of the Myrtaceae family from “Campos Gerais” of the Atlantic Forest in Parana State
Authors: Silva Luiz Everson da , Amaral Wanderlei do , Deschamps Cícero , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Bizzo Humberto Ribeiro , Pinto Marco Antonio Silva 
Published: June 2020

This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The sample collections for essential oil extraction, photographic records and herbarium specimen’s preparation for botanical species identification were made at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNP) Butuguara in Palmeira (PR), with “Campos Gerais” formations. Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes, being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species