bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It’s common sense that an individual must eat’: Advocating for food justice with people with psychiatric disabilities through photovoice
Authors: Weinstein Lara Carson , Chilton Mariana , Turchi Renee , Klassen Ann C , LaNoue Marianna , Silvero Alexis , Cabassa Leopoldo J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with SMI have often been excluded in advocacy efforts focused on physical health, health care and health and social policy.ObjectiveFollowing a Photovoice project focused on barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in urban neighbourhoods, participant‐researchers were invited to present their insights in community advocacy settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and participant–researchers’ experience of these community advocacy activities.DesignWe held four focus groups with the eight participant‐researchers after each community advocacy activity to explore their experience with public speaking, presenting their experiences and advocating.Setting and ParticipantsPeople with serious mental illness who were overweight/obese living in supportive housing.Analysis approachQualitative analysis of the focus group transcripts, using a modified grounded theory approach followed by structured coding focused on empowerment, participation and non‐discrimination.ResultsParticipant‐researchers gave three oral presentations of their photographs at a variety of community‐based programmes and settings and participated in a rally to advocate for SNAP benefits. Two themes emerged from analysis: (a) Empowerment (the level of choice, influence and control that users of mental health services can exercise over events in their lives) and (b) Barriers to Empowerment (obstacles to participation and well‐being).ConclusionsThis evaluation strengthens the evidence that it is feasible for participant‐researchers in Photovoice projects to engage in robust advocacy activities, such as presentations and discussions with local policymakers. During focus groups, participant‐researchers demonstrated realistic optimism towards their roles as change agents and influencers in spite of acknowledged systemic barriers.
Polypharmacy and potential drug–drug interactions for people with HIV in the UK from the Climate‐HIV database
Authors: Okoli C , Schwenk A , Radford M , Myland M , Taylor S , Darley A , Barnes J , Fox A , Grimson F , Reeves I , Munshi S , Croucher A , Boxall N , Benn P , Paice A , van Wyk J , Khoo S 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPeople with HIV (PWHIV) are likely to need therapies for comorbidities as they age. We assessed risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in PWHIV.MethodsThe Climate‐HIV electronic recording system was used to cross‐sectionally analyse records from PWHIV aged ≥ 18 years attending four UK HIV units with a current antiretroviral (ARV) prescription in February 2018. Antiretroviral and non‐ARV medications were categorized by clinical significance of DDIs (University of Liverpool DDI tool). Potential DDIs were predicted using treatment guidelines for commonly recorded comorbidities.ResultsAmong 4630 PWHIV (44% female), 41% were ≥ 50 years old. The average number of non‐ARV comedications increased from < 1 for patients aged ≤ 24 years to > 5 for patients aged ≥ 75 years; 65% were taking one or more non‐ARV comedications. The median (interquartile range) number of non‐ARVs was 1 (0–2) and 2 (1–5) for those aged < 50 and ≥ 50 years, respectively. Common comorbidities/concurrent health conditions occurred more frequently in patients aged ≥ 50 years vs. < 50 (53% vs. 34%). Boosted protease inhibitors were associated with the highest proportion of contraindicated comedications; dolutegravir and raltegravir had the fewest. For non‐ARVs, sildenafil and quetiapine were most likely to result in DDIs. Guideline‐recommended treatments for hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis had the highest proportions of contraindications when combined with ARV regimens, while treatments for hepatitis C, malignancy, and mental health conditions had the highest proportion of combinations potentially causing DDIs requiring dose monitoring or adjustment.ConclusionsNon‐ARV use by PWHIV is high and increases with age. Treatment decisions for ageing PWHIV should consider guideline recommendations for comorbidities.
Discussion
Authors: Narisetty Naveen Naidu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryI thoroughly enjoyed reading the article by Bhadra et. al. (2020) and convey my congratulations to the authors for providing a comprehensive and coherent review of horseshoe‐based regularization approaches for machine learning models. I am thankful to the editors for providing this opportunity to write a discussion on this useful article, which I expect will turn out to be a good guide in the future for statisticians and practitioners alike.It is quite amazing to see the rapid progress and the magnitude of work advancing the horseshoe regularization approach since the seminal paper by Carvalho et al. (2010). The current review article is a testimony for this. While I have been primarily working with continuous spike and slab priors for high‐dimensional Bayesian modeling, I have been following the literature on horseshoe regularization with a keen interest. For my comments on this article, I will focus on some comparisons between these two approaches particularly in terms of model building and methodology and some computational considerations. I would like to first provide some comments on performing valid inference based on the horsheshoe prior framework.
Evaluation of information quality on the internet for periodontal disease patients
Authors: Kanmaz Burcu , Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of accessible information on periodontal diseases on the Internet using different scales.Materials and MethodsA search was performed using the Google search engine with questions about periodontal disease symptoms. The first 30 web sites obtained after searching for each question were evaluated. Duplicate web sites, advertisements, discussion groups, links to research articles, videos, and images were excluded. A total of 90 web sites were included and evaluated with Health on the Net Code of Conduct Certification (HONCode) presence, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and the quality criteria for consumer health information (DISCERN) toolkit.ResultsOnly 27.8% of the analyzed web sites contain HONCode certificates. No webpages fulfilled all JAMA criteria, whereas 32.2% of the web sites did not provide any of them. Majority of the web sites’ (44.4%) overall rating score was 2 with the DISCERN instrument. In the DISCERN Section Scores comparison between various types of web sites, information web site scores were higher than Dental Health Center Web sites in Section 1 and Section 3 scores (p = .000 and p = .001, respectively).ConclusionOverall quality of periodontal information based on patients’ questions on the Internet has serious shortcomings especially in terms of attribution and the quality of information on treatment choices.
Engineering creativity: Prior experience modulates electrophysiological responses to novel metaphors
Authors: Jończyk Rafal , Kremer Gül E. , Siddique Zahed , van Hell Janet G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel metaphorical language use exemplifies human creativity through production and comprehension of meaningful linguistic expressions that may have never been heard before. Available electrophysiological research demonstrates, however, that novel metaphor comprehension is cognitively costly, as it requires integrating information from distantly related concepts. Herein, we investigate if such cognitive cost may be reduced as a factor of prior domain knowledge. To this end, we asked engineering and nonengineering students to read for comprehension literal, novel metaphorical, and anomalous sentences related to engineering or general knowledge, while undergoing EEG recording. Upon reading each sentence, participants were asked to judge whether or not the sentence was original in meaning (novelty judgment) and whether or not it made sense (sensicality judgment). When collapsed across groups, our findings demonstrate a gradual N400 modulation with N400 being maximal in response to anomalous, followed by metaphorical, and literal sentences. Between‐group comparisons revealed a mirror effect on the N400 to novel metaphorical sentences, with attenuated N400 in engineers and enhanced N400 in non‐engineers. Critically, planned comparisons demonstrated reduced N400 amplitudes to engineering novel metaphors in engineers relative to non‐engineers, pointing to an effect of prior knowledge on metaphor processing. This reduction, however, was observed in the absence of a sentence type × knowledge × group interaction. Altogether, our study provides novel evidence suggesting that prior domain knowledge may have a direct impact on creative language comprehension.
Wave speeds in single-crystal and polycrystalline copper
Authors: Thomas Sarah A. , Hixson Robert S. , Hawkins M. Cameron , Strand Oliver T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While the equation of state for copper has been fairly well studied, wave speeds at low stress are not as well known. Systematic errors may be present in the lowest stress data presented in the Marsh [1] compendium due to the use of the flash gap method to collect the data. Additionally, little data has been gathered on the wave speeds in single-crystal copper, which may vary from polycrystalline due to the different longitudinal and shear sound speeds. Hugoniot information at low pressures is useful in constraining and improving predictive hydrodynamic codes. Knowledge of single-crystal behavior provides input for mesoscale computer models that use tens-of-micron-sized grains of single crystals to build a model of polycrystalline systems. We undertook experiments to measure wave speeds in polycrystalline and single-crystal copper at low pressures using a novel technique to limit error, and to determine if single-crystal shock velocities are systematically different than polycrystalline shock velocities at the same stress. The best previous research on this topic is from Chau et al. [2] at relatively high shock stress; they reported no observed difference between orientations. It is of interest to do careful measurements at low stress, and that is the principal goal of this work.
Development of Arl’s Multi-Energy Flash Computed Tomography Diagnostic: Capability to Track Mass-Flux Through a Reconstruction Volume
Authors: Zellner Michael B. , Love Melissa S. , Champley Kyle 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are currently developing a Multi-Energy Flash Computed Tomography (MEFCT) diagnostic for multi-frame, in situ, three-dimensional radiographic assessment of ballistic impact phenomena. To accomplish this, we combine the capabilities of medical X-ray computed tomography and high-speed computed tomography, to produce a system that captures three independent, time-sequenced volume reconstructions throughout the timespan of a typical dynamic ballistic event. Because this system has the capability to image an event across three spatial dimensions and time, it is the first of its kind to track mass/material-flux of an un-bounded system through a volume at ballistic timescales.
To demonstrate the diagnostic’s capabilities, an assessment of a bullet penetrating an aluminum plate is performed. A compilation of the three volume reconstructions were computed to describe the event. The results were compared to a state-of-the-art simulation of the event using EPIC, a Lagrangian hydrocode with penetration applications. This comparison shows how using a four-dimensional computed tomography system can benefit the validation of physical failure and mass/material-flow models.
Statistics of energy dissipation in the hypervelocity impact shock failure transition
Authors: Grady Dennis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the hypervelocity impact event, shock waves subject material to failure transitions with the attendant dissipation of the imparted energy. Under shock compression, failure and dissipation entail intense compression, inelastic shear and compaction. Through shock interactions, states of dynamic tension are achieved and further failure dissipation involves fracture and fragmentation. The nature of failure of solids in the shock environment has encouraged considerable experimental effort through the past several decades. Such efforts have yielded results that suggest universality in the shock failure response over significant spans of shock intensity. Examples include the fourth-power relation between pressure and strain rate in solid-material compressive shock waves, and power-law relations capturing spall fracture strength and fragmentation size scale in dynamic tensile failure. Comparable power-laws also describe the shock compaction of distended solids. The present paper explores a statistical perspective of the underlying micro failure dynamics for the purpose of achieving better understanding of the macro failure trends noted above. A statistical correlation function description of the random micro velocity field is introduced. Through the attendant kinetic dissipation, the statistical fluctuation-dissipation principle is applied to the shock failure transition. From this statistical approach, power-law relations for compressive and tensile shock failure emerge that replicate the reported experimental behaviors.
Simulating Lateral Drift of a Shaped Charge Jet in ALEGRA
Authors: Coppinger Matthew J. , Uhlig W. Casey , Niederhaus John H. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Shaped charge jet (SCJ) research has long been an active area for industrial, academic, and defense organizations. Traditionally, the depth of penetration (DOP) has been one of the most important metrics for the evaluation of shaped charge jet performance, and early 1D analytical penetration models based on hydrodynamic penetration were created with this metric in mind [1]. As the standoff of a shaped charge jet increases, the DOP reaches a maximum and then begins to decrease. A simple 1D hydrodynamic penetration model must account for the totality of the jet material on axis penetrating, and as a result experimental DOP at longer standoffs is lower than the analytical models predicted. Some analytical models reasoned that since a velocity gradient evolves as a SCJ forms, contributions to penetration from jet material below a minimum jet or penetration velocity should be eliminated. These were better able to account for the difference between analytical hydrodynamic and experimental DOPs [2]. The actual difference between analytical hydrodynamic penetration theory and experimentally recorded values is now regarded to be a result of 3D phenomena including particle tumbling and motion transverse to the jet axis known as lateral drift [2]. The origins of these 3D phenomena have been attributed to sources including variability in the uniformity of the explosive charge or the microstructure of the liner [2,3].
Experiments using a light gas gun to investigate the impact melting of gunshot residue analogues
Authors: Spathis V. , Price M. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this set of experiments, the versatility of the University of Kent's light gas gun was utilised to obtain a selection of corroborative data regarding the formation and impact of metallic gunshot residues onto high purity silicon wafers. The results from the two experiments are presented. The first experiment investigated how the formation of metallic residues varied as gunshot residue analogues traversed through air under a range of pressures from 0.056 millibar (5.6 Pa) to 1 bar (100 kPa), using solely the energy released during primer ignition; the second involved firing a metallic powder mix of pre-determined composition (via a split-sabot) under vacuum at two velocities- 500 ms-1 and 2000 ms-1. This ensured that there was no ignition or heating of the powders, unlike the first experiment, and so the morphology of the particles collected would be solely due to impact. The residues on the substrates were then analysed using a cold Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. By separating the ignition process of the primers from the residue impacts, it allows for a closer look into the formation of these particles and helps determine whether their varied morphologies are due to the heating caused during the activation and combustion of the primer or whether its due to impact melting. This information can aid in the understanding of metallic particle formation in different pressure environments and give insight into the physical state of firearm residues when they impact a surface. Hydrocode modelling was also incorporated to corroborate the results observed during these experiments and gave results which mimicked the experimental data.
Depth of penetration criteria on metallic surfaces for use in MMOD risk assessment
Authors: Nahra Henry , Ghosn Louis , Christiansen Eric , Miller Joshua , Davis Bruce A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
System level assessment of hypervelocity impacts by micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD) relies on the definition of the spacecraft geometry and trajectory, the natural environment of the micrometeoroids and induced environment of the orbital space debris, ballistic limit equations and the failure criteria. The definition of the MMOD environments provides the particles flux and when is combined with the ballistic limit equations will determine the number of the critical penetrating particles that could result in the failure of the underlying component is calculated and is used to calculate the risk based on some failure criterion. Spacecraft geometry provides the shielding configuration over the spacecraft critical body which defines the selection of the ballistic limit equations to be used in the risk assessment. The definition of the failure criterion for metallic pressure systems involves the definition of the allowable depth of penetration that could result in leakage or burst of the component. This paper addresses the definition of the allowable depth of penetration of generic metallic tanks from MMOD impacts. The allowable penetration depth of metal tanks is based on a fracture mechanics approach calibrated using biaxially stressed coupons tests subjected to Hypervelocity Impacts (HVI). The planar crack-crack spacing was based on the craters spacing distribution of the HVI coupon tests. The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) as a function of crater depths and crater spacing and applied remote stress is calculated using NASGRO®, a linear fracture mechanics software. The calculated SIF is compared with the material fracture toughness to determine if the craters result in a failure of the coupons under biaxial stress. This work resulted in a recommended allowable depth of penetration of 20% on the surfaces of metallic pressure vessels on spacecraft.
A penetration model for semi-infinite ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite
Authors: Nguyen Long H. , Ryan Shannon , Orifici Adrian C. , Cimpoeru Stephen J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) composite has been shown to be an effective material for ballistic protection against blunt penetrators [1]. The material exhibits multiple stages of penetration, typically characterised by an initial local penetration phase followed by large bulge deformation of the back face [2]. The location at which transition occurs between the localised penetration stage and non-localised bulging stage is an important property of UHMW-PE composite armour. However, the conditions required to induce transition are poorly understood with a range of different mechanisms proposed to explain the behaviour [2,3], none of which can be used to predict the transition location within the target.
Study on jet formation and penetration of double-layer sub-caliber shaped charge
Authors: Wang Yu-ting , Xiao Qiang-qiang , Huang Zheng-xiang , Zu Xu-dong , Ma Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ordinary shaped charge has a low kill-radius because of its structure. In order to adapt to the different battlefields, this paper proposed the double-layer sub-caliber shaped charge, which is modified from an ordinary shaped charge with insensitive explosive appended to its outer layer. In this paper, a study of the Ø56 mm shaped charge was conducted as a benchmark case. The simulations were carried out using AUTODYN for jet formation and penetration of different axial thicknesses of additional insensitive explosive and the additional height of the charge, with the aim to obtain the optimal size of double-layer sub-caliber shaped charge. The results show that the optimum axial thickness of additional insensitive explosive is ΔR/R0 = 0.8, and the optimum size of the additional height of charge is ΔL/L0 = 0.4.
Experiment guided simulation of multi-fragment impact into PBXs
Authors: Schmalzer Andrew M. , Yeager John D. , Bowden Patrick R. , Guildenbecher Daniel R. , Olles Joseph D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multi-fragment impact of energetic materials can provide the impetus initiation and growth to detonation when shockwaves from these discrete fragments collide. The Sandia hydrocode CTH is used with reactive burn modeling to identify relationships between spherical fragment separation distances, variable fragment arrival timing, and initiability in energetic materials. This work demonstrates that detonation is most likely to occur is when multiple fragments collide with a surface simultaneously, because of the cumulative pressure rise of two equal colliding waves compared to the colliding waves generated by fragment impacts offset in time.
USH2A variants in Chinese patients with Usher syndrome type II and
non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Zhu Tian , Chen De-Fu , Wang Lei , Wu Shijing , Wei Xing , Li Hui , Jin Zi-Bing , Sui Ruifang 
Published: July 2020

Aims
To reveal the Usher syndrome type IIA (USH2A)
gene variant profile in a large cohort of Chinese patients with non-syndromic
retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or Usher syndrome type II (USH2) and to explore the
genotype–phenotype correlation.

Methods
Targeted exome capture plus next-generation sequencing confirmed that 284
patients from 260 unrelated Chinese families carried
USH2A disease-associated variants. Both personal
medical history and family histories were reviewed. Ocular examinations were
performed and audiograms were recorded if hearing loss was suspected. The
genotype–phenotype correlation was evaluated by statistical analyses.

Results
A total of 230 variants in the USH2A gene were
identified, of which 90 (39.13%) were novel. The most common variants in the RP
and USH2 probands were p.Cys934Trp and p.Tyr2854_2894del, respectively, and
26.42% and 63.64% of the alleles in the RP and USH2 groups were truncating,
respectively. Patients harbouring biallelic truncating variants had a younger
age at the initial clinical visit and symptom onset than patients with missense
variants; furthermore, the patients with USH2 had a younger age at the initial
clinical visit and nyctalopia onset compared with the patients with RP
(p<0.001). For the patients with USH2, the age of nyctalopia onset was
positively correlated with that of hearing loss (p<0.05, r=0.219). In
addition, three pseudo-dominant pedigrees were identified carrying biallelic
USH2A variants.

Conclusions
This study enrolled the largest cohort of Chinese patients with
USH2A and identified the most prevalent
USH2A variants in USH2 and RP. We found that the
patients with USH2 had more truncating variants and experienced an earlier
decline in visual function. The findings enhance the current knowledge of
USH2A heterogeneity and provide valuable
information for future therapies.