bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between stroke etiology and collateral status in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion
Authors: Hassler Eva , Kneihsl Markus , Deutschmann Hannes , Hinteregger Nicole , Magyar Marton , Wießpeiner Ulrike , Haidegger Melanie , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Eppinger Sebastian , Niederkorn Kurt , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz , Gattringer Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
Clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke is influenced by the intracerebral collateral status. We tested the hypothesis that patients with preexisting ipsilateral extracranial carotid artery stenosis (CAS) would have a better collateral status compared to non-CAS patients. Additionally, we evaluated MT-related adverse events and outcome for both groups.

Methods
Over a 7-year period, we identified all consecutive anterior circulation MT patients (excluding extracranial carotid artery occlusion and dissection). Patients were grouped into those with CAS ≥ 50% according to the NASCET criteria and those without significant carotid stenosis (non-CAS). Collateral status was rated on pre-treatment CT- or MR-angiography according to the Tan Score. Furthermore, we assessed postinterventional infarct size, adverse events and functional outcome at 90 days.

Results
We studied 281 LVO stroke patients, comprising 46 (16.4%) with underlying CAS ≥ 50%. Compared to non-CAS stroke patients (n = 235), patients with CAS-related stroke more often had favorable collaterals (76.1% vs. 46.0%). Recanalization rates were comparable between both groups. LVO stroke patients with underlying CAS more frequently had adverse events after MT (19.6% vs. 6.4%). Preexisting CAS was an independent predictor for favorable collateral status in multivariable models (Odds ratio: 3.3, p = 0.002), but post-interventional infarct size and functional 90-day outcome were not different between CAS and non-CAS patients.

Conclusions
Preexisting CAS ≥ 50% was associated with better collateral status in LVO stroke patients. However, functional 90-day outcome was independent from CAS, which could be related to a higher rate of adverse events.
NUT midline carcinomas and their differentials by a single molecular profiling method: a new promising diagnostic strategy illustrated by a case report
Authors: Haefliger Simon , Tzankov Alexandar , Frank Stephan , Bihl Michel , Vallejo Alfonso , Stebler Juerg , Hench Juergen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNUT midline carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm defined by chromosomal rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene (NUTM1). In this article, we present a strategy to detect this rare tumor through a standard DNA methylation array analysis even when occurring in unusual anatomic sites. We illustrate our approach through a case study in which we detected metastatic spread of a NUT midline carcinoma within a bone marrow biopsy that exhibited histological features of a blastoid, undifferentiated neoplasm. Our strategy builds on molecular data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus as well as computational strategies adopted from the Brain Tumor Methylation Classifier. It is a combined approach that detects the unusual cell lineage of NUT midline carcinomas and makes diagnostic use of the entity-specific copy number alterations.
Spectral composition of shortwave radiation transmitted by forest canopies
Authors: Hovi Aarne , Rautiainen Miina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Key message
Leaf area index and species composition influence red-to-near-infrared and red-to-shortwave-infrared transmittance ratios of boreal and temperate forest canopies.
In this short communication paper, we present how the spectral composition of transmitted shortwave radiation (350–2200 nm) varies in boreal and temperate forests based on a detailed set of measurements conducted in Finland and Czechia. Our results show that within-stand variation in canopy transmittance is wavelength dependent, and is the largest for sparse forest stands. Increasing leaf area index (LAI) reduces the overall level of transmittance as well as red-to-near-infrared and red-to-shortwave-infrared transmittance ratios. Given the same LAI, these ratios are lower for broadleaved than for coniferous forests. These results demonstrate the importance of both LAI and forest type (broadleaved vs. coniferous) in determining light quality under forest canopies.
Dysphagia in cervical dystonia patients receiving optimised botulinum toxin therapy: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kutschenko Anna , Klietz Martin , Paracka Lejla , Kollewe Katja , Schulte-Sutum Annika , Janssen Theda , Schrader Christoph , Wegner Florian , Dressler Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo explore the correlations of botulinum toxin (BT) therapy with dysphagia, we wanted to study a group of cervical dystonia (CD) patients with optimised BT therapy during a prolonged period of time to record their dysphagia frequency, severity and duration, to study potential risk factors and try to avoid it by BT application with ultrasound guidance. BT therapy of 75 CD patients (23 males, 52 females, age 60 ± 12 years, BT total dose 303.5 ± 101.5 uMU) was retrospectively analysed for 1 year. BT therapy was optimised prior to the observation period. Dysphagia was noticed by one fifth of the patients. In those patients, it only occurred in about one third of the injection series. It was never associated with a functional deficit and lasted several days to 2 weeks. It was not related to patient age or gender, BT total dose, BT dose in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, BT dose in the sternocleidomastoid and scalenii muscles, by BT therapy with bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle injections or BT therapy with abobotulinumtoxinA. Ultrasound guidance was not able to prevent it. Further prospective studies will be necessary to study underlying dystonia associated swallowing abnormalities as a potentially predisposing factor.
Profiles of learning opportunities of multilingual and monolingual children in kindergarten
Authors: Langeloo Annegien , Lara Mayra Mascareño , Deunk Marjolein I. , LoCasale-Crouch Jennifer , Strijbos Jan-Willem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly childhood education serves an increasing number of multilingual children, and teachers are challenged to create high-quality learning opportunities in the classroom for all children. The child’s engagement and interactions with the teacher are important in this respect. The present study therefore examined how multilingualism relates to engagement and teacher-child interactions, taking a person-oriented approach. During one school year, 76 kindergarteners (43 multilingual) from 19 classrooms were observed for behavioral engagement and individual teacher-child interactions. Five engagement profiles were identified that reflect different levels of engagement across classroom settings. Multilingual children were overrepresented in profiles that showed lower engagement in one or more settings. Also, five interaction profiles were identified that showed strong diversity in the interactions of teachers with children in their classroom. Monolingual and multilingual children were equally represented across these profiles. Children in the more beneficial interaction profiles were also often in the moderate-to-high engagement profiles.
Recording and quantifying sympathetic outflow to muscle and skin in humans: methods, caveats and challenges
Authors: Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of microneurography, in which the electrical activity of axons can be recorded via an intrafascicular microelectrode inserted through the skin into a peripheral nerve in awake human participants, has contributed a great deal to our understanding of sensorimotor control and the control of sympathetic outflow to muscle and skin. This review summarises the different approaches to recording muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), together with discussion on the issues that determine the quality of a recording. Various analytical approaches are also described, with a primary emphasis on those developed by the author, aimed at maximizing the information content from recordings of postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity in awake humans.
The Prevalence of Risky Play in Young Children’s Indoor and Outdoor Free Play
Authors: Sandseter Ellen Beate Hansen , Kleppe Rasmus , Sando Ole Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch on children’s risky play and young children’s risk taking is a relatively new research area that has drawn the attention of many researchers in the last decades. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no earlier studies have measured the prevalence of risky play when children can freely choose what to play, with whom, and where. Most research on risky play has also exclusively focused on outdoor play. This study aims at examining the occurrence and characteristics of children’s risky play, indoors and outdoors, in early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions. Children (N = 80) were observed in two-minute sequences during periods of the day when they were free to choose what to do. The data consists of 1878 randomly recorded two-minute videos, which were coded second by second for the occurrence of several categories of risky play. Results revealed that risky play was registered in 10.3% of the total data material. The data is further analysed to explore distribution among different types of risky play, as well as differences between gender, age and environment (indoors vs. outdoors).
Classroom Management Scripts: a Theoretical Model Contrasting Expert and Novice Teachers’ Knowledge and Awareness of Classroom Events
Authors: Wolff Charlotte E. , Jarodzka Halszka , Boshuizen Henny P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDealing with the complexities of the classroom and the diversity of events in classroom situations presents a major challenge for classroom management. The knowledge a teacher has for processing this complexity depends a great deal on their level of experience, leading to differences in the way teachers perceive and interpret classroom events. This includes how they monitor events and how they maintain an ongoing awareness of classroom situations. It also impacts decisions about when and how to act in response to events. Research on classroom management has often focused on how to handle common classroom situations, but does not provide a theoretical description of how knowledge from experience affects teachers’ awareness and ability to manage the classroom. This article proposes a definition forclassroom management scriptsby contrasting expert and novice teachers’ knowledge and their decisions to act in response to classroom events. Classroom management scripts help clarify differences in teachers’ recognition and representation of events by considering how expertise influences visual perception and mental interpretation. The proposed model exposes the internal cognitive processing involved in classroom management. Such insights can be useful for helping teacher educators and teachers themselves analyze and make sense of puzzling events. In turn, this may help develop training approaches to improve teachers’ awareness of factors easily overlooked when considering classroom management, enhancing professional vision. This theory also underlines the centrality of facilitating and sustaining learning when grappling with the challenges of managing a classroom.
Epistemic Consultants and the Regulation of Policy Knowledge in the Obama Administration
Authors: Wright Jack , Mata Tiago 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe agencies of the government of the United States of America, such as the Food and Drug Administration or the Environmental Protection Agency, intervene in American society through the collection, processing, and diffusion of information. The Presidency of Barack Obama was notable for updating and redesigning the US government’s information infrastructure. The White House enhanced mass consultation through open government and big data initiatives to evaluate policy effectiveness, and it launched new ways of communicating with the citizenry. In this essay we argue that these programs spelled out an emergent epistemology based on two assumptions: dispersed knowledge and a critique of judgment. These programs have redefined the evidence required to justify and design regulatory policy and conferred authority to a new kind of expert, which we call epistemic consultants.
Sorption and Desorption of CO2 and CH4 in Vitrinite- and Inertinite-Rich Polish Low-Rank Coal
Authors: Czerw Katarzyna , Baran Paweł , Szczurowski Jakub , Zarębska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow-pressure sorption tests were carried out on samples of selected Polish bituminous coal in coal–methane and coal–carbon dioxide systems. The purpose was to determine the relationship between the petrographic composition of low-rank coal and the amount of gas stored in its porous structure and desorbed from it. The influence of the degree of coalification on the amount of sorbed gas was reduced to minimum, because isotherms of deposition and evacuation of gases were determined on the base coal samples and two concentrates of lithotypes, vitrain and durain, isolated from the original coal. It was found that the sorption capacity of carbon dioxide was related to the pertographic composition, but no such correlation was observed in regard to methane. Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich sorption isotherms and the modified desorption model based on Langmuir equation were chosen. The applied equations gave a very good fit to the experimental data. Calculated parameters corresponding to free adsorption energy in the Dubinin–Radushkevich equation allow concluding on the independence of its mechanism from coal petrography and on the preference of carbon dioxide sorption. Calculated adsorption equilibrium constants in Langmuir’s equation show variability with petrographic composition of coal and have lower values for methane than for carbon dioxide. It was shown that the size of the hysteresis loop depends on the petrographic composition of coal and increases with increase in vitrinite content for both sorbates, which was confirmed by values of areal hysteresis index and hysteresis parameter.
Deep neural networks for grape bunch segmentation in natural images from a consumer-grade camera
Authors: Marani R. , Milella A. , Petitti A. , Reina G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrecision agriculture relies on the availability of accurate knowledge of crop phenotypic traits at the sub-field level. While visual inspection by human experts has been traditionally adopted for phenotyping estimations, sensors mounted on field vehicles are becoming valuable tools to increase accuracy on a narrower scale and reduce execution time and labor costs, as well. In this respect, automated processing of sensor data for accurate and reliable fruit detection and characterization is a major research challenge, especially when data consist of low-quality natural images. This paper investigates the use of deep learning frameworks for automated segmentation of grape bunches in color images from a consumer-grade RGB-D camera, placed on-board an agricultural vehicle. A comparative study, based on the estimation of two image segmentation metrics, i.e. the segmentation accuracy and the well-known Intersection over Union (IoU), is presented to estimate the performance of four pre-trained network architectures, namely the AlexNet, the GoogLeNet, the VGG16, and the VGG19. Furthermore, a novel strategy aimed at improving the segmentation of bunch pixels is proposed. It is based on an optimal threshold selection of the bunch probability maps, as an alternative to the conventional minimization of cross-entropy loss of mutually exclusive classes. Results obtained in field tests show that the proposed strategy improves the mean segmentation accuracy of the four deep neural networks in a range between 2.10 and 8.04%. Besides, the comparative study of the four networks demonstrates that the best performance is achieved by the VGG19, which reaches a mean segmentation accuracy on the bunch class of 80.58%, with IoU values for the bunch class of 45.64%.
Voice disorders in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients and comparison of two acoustic analysis software programs: MDVP and Praat
Authors: Wei Mei , Du Jianqun , Wang Xiaoyu , Lu Honghua , Wang Wei , Lin Peng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purposes of this study were to explore the effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on the voice by analyzing the acoustic parameters between patients with OSAHS and those without OSAHS and to compare acoustic analyses performed by two software programs (MDVP and Praat).

Methods
Patients with OSAHS (n = 75) and normal controls (n = 46) were asked to produce a sustained sound of the vowel /i/ and were analyzed with electroglottography (EGG), MDVP, and Praat software. A self-rated scale (Voice Handicap Index, VHI-10) and acoustic parameters were compared.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in the fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, noise/harmonic ratio (NHR), contact quotient perturbation (CQP), or contact index perturbation (CIP) between the patient group and the normal group. The VHI-10 values were significantly increased in patients with OSAHS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that the shimmer obtained from MDVP and Praat possessed relatively high accuracy in differentiating patients with OSAHS from healthy individuals. The results for F0, jitter, shimmer, and NHR were significantly different between MDVP and Praat in OSAHS patients. In normal persons, there was a significant difference in NHR; however, no significant differences were found for F0, jitter, or shimmer between the two software programs. The results demonstrated that high correlations were found between values obtained by both software programs.

Conclusions
Patients with OSAHS were prone to vibration irregularity, incomplete glottal closure, hoarseness, and other vocal problems. The two acoustic software programs present different values of acoustic measures. There was a strong correlation and consistency between the parameters calculated by the two software programs.
Hans Haacke, Andrea Fraser und das Projekt einer gegenhegemonialen Disziplingeschichte
Authors: Rieger-Ladich Markus 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungHans Haacke und Andrea Fraser, zwei zeitgenössische Künstler*innen, haben mit ihren Arbeiten die Selbstkritik des künstlerischen Feldes immer weiter radikalisiert – und sie werfen dabei Fragen auf, die auch für Vertreter*innen der (Erziehungs‑)Wissenschaft von besonderer Brisanz sind. Etwa danach, wie sich ein patriarchaler Apparat kritisieren lässt, dessen Teil man*frau ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund stelle ich das Projekt einer gegenhegemonialen Disziplingeschichte vor, skizziere seine Konturen und kontextualisiere es. Und versuche dabei zugleich zu zeigen, dass die künstlerische Institutionskritik die wissenschaftliche Selbstbefragung zu stimulieren vermag. Der Blick über die Grenzen der Disziplin ist – auch in diesem Fall – überaus lohnenswert.
Characterisation of rectal amoxicillin (RAMOX) for the treatment of pneumonia in children
Authors: Hanning Sara M , Matiz Silvia , Krasser Katharina , Orlu Mine , Dodoo Cornelius , Gaisford Simon , Tuleu Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccess to medicines, including their availability and affordability, is a major public health challenge worldwide. This research aimed to characterise rectal formulations containing amoxicillin for the treatment of pneumonia in children under five, as an accessible alternative to existing formulations. Lipophilic Suppocire (S-NA15) and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG; 80% PEG 1500 and 20% PEG 4000, w/w) suppositories containing 250 mg amoxicillin were prepared. Hardness, apparent viscosity, uniformity of mass, uniformity of content, disintegration and dissolution time were determined. Irritation potential was screened using a slug mucosal assay and antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus determined by isothermal microcalorimetry. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic formulations met the European Pharmacopoeia standards for suppositories when tested in vitro. They disintegrated within 30 min with rapid amoxicillin release profiles (98.6 ± 0.9%, 94.9 ± 1.2% over 30 min, respectively). Over-encapsulation of S-NA15 suppositories with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose shells slowed drug release and improved stability over 2 months. S-NA15 suppositories were classified as non-irritant and PEG suppositories only mildly irritant. Antibacterial efficacy of formulations was equivalent to amoxicillin alone. Both PEG and over-encapsulated S-NA15 rectal formulations developed in the present work have shown promise based on pre-clinical screening, and further development is justified to develop a product with commercial potential.
Enhanced ferroelectricity and magnetism of quenched (1−x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Bai Han , Li Jun , Hong Yang , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)-based materials are multiferroic materials widely studied. This study reports that strong ferroelectricity and enhanced magnetic performance are simultaneously obtained in the quenched (1−x)BiFeO3−xBaTiO3 (BFBT100x, x = 0.2 and 0.3) ceramics. Quenching treatment can reduce the amount of defects and Fe2+ ions and make the defect dipole in a random state, which is conducive to improving the ferroelectricity and magnetism. Compared with the conventional sintered samples, the quenched ceramics have higher remnant and saturation polarization. As for magnetism, the coercive field (Hc) of the quenched ceramics is smaller and the quenching treatment can increase the maximum magnetization by up to 15%.
Back to the drawing board: assessing siting guidelines for sand dams in Kenya
Authors: Ngugi K. N. Keziah , Gichaba C. M. Maina , Kathumo V. M. Vincent , Ertsen M. W. Maurits 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSand dams have become popular in many parts of the arid world as a relatively cheap and effective water harvesting technology. Kenya is one of the countries with the highest number of such dams, with semi-arid Kitui County having become a major hub in recent decades. These sand dams are used for water storage in the beds of Kitui’s seasonal rivers. The water is used for households and small-scale economic activities. Generally, sand dams are evaluated as very successful, but this paper shows that such success is not guaranteed. Field research conducted in Kitui County in October 2016 suggests that from 116 sand dams surveyed, about half did not have any water during the time of the assessment. This study assesses how various environmental factors affect sand dams’ ability to supply water for community use during dry periods in Tiva River catchment in Kitui County. Most of the assessed environmental factors did not show consistent patterns to draw inferences on how they affect sand dams’ ability to supply water, with the exception of rainfall amount, water indicating vegetation percentage of clay in a soil and stream orders. More overarching factors like agro-ecological zones and stream order do show a pattern of influence on dams’ performance. These results have global significance due to the widespread use or plans to use of sand dams worldwide. There is a clear need to build a better understanding of sand dams performance to define more reliable sand dams’ site identification criteria.