bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Collective Self-knowledge
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe seem to ascribe mental states and agency to groups. We say ‘Google knows such-and-such,’ or ‘Amazon intends to do such-and-such.’ This observation of ordinary parlance also found its way into philosophical accounts of social groups and collective intentionality. However, these discussions are usually quiet about how groups self-ascribe their own beliefs and intentions. Apple might explain to its shareholders that it intends to bring a new iPhone to the market next year. But how does Apple know what it intends? How do groups get to know their own mental states? This is the question of collective self-knowledge. I argue that collective self-knowledge is a distinct phenomenon that deserves our attention. In particular I suggest: (1) that we should be interested in collective self-knowledge, because our behaviour indicates that we already engage with collective self-knowledge in practice; (2) that groups can collectively avow, which indicates that they have privileged and peculiar access to their own intentional states; and (3) that collective self-knowledge is not reducible to intentional states of individuals and therefore is an independent explanandum.
Numerical analysis of impact ionization in HOT HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Kopytko M. , Gomółka E. , Jóźwikowski K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSemiconductor avalanche photodiodes enable individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. This is possible thanks to the use of the avalanche multiplication phenomenon. Consequently, the obtained gain of photocurrent is from a few to several million times. The avalanche multiplication effect in semiconductors is determined by the generation rate caused by impact ionization. This paper describes the results of research aimed at investigation of the impact ionization mechanism in HgCdTe photodiodes operating at 230 K and in the medium-wave infrared range. Numerical analyses were used for the study using a computer program in which the modeling and consideration of all the possible generation and recombination mechanisms were included.
Ein optimierter Versorgungsprozess bei Patienten mit schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen – Pilotstudie
Authors: Lederer Katharina , Glos Martin , Zimmermann Sandra , Alt Leonie , Maass Maria , Blau Alexander , Fietze Ingo , Penzel Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Einweisung der Patienten in die diagnostische Polygraphie wird bisher von einer medizinisch ausgebildeten Fachkraft durchgeführt. Dieser Prozess ist zeit- und ressourcenintensiv. In dieser Pilotstudie wurde ein innovativer Versorgungsweg bei schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen (SBAS) untersucht, um eine beschleunigte Diagnostik und effektivere Therapiezuweisung zu erreichen. Hierfür wurde den Studienteilnehmern ein Polygrafie (PG)-Gerät direkt von der versorgenden Firma nach Hause geliefert.

Methodik
Der Patient legte die PG selbstständig nach einer Bedienungsanleitung an und erhielt bei Bedarf telefonische Unterstützung. Nach der Untersuchungsnacht wurde das Gerät zurückgesendet. Die ärztliche Befundung erfolgte online über ein verschlüsseltes Portal. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine Befragung zur subjektiven Zufriedenheit mit dem Ablaufprozess sowie ein Vergleich der PG-Ergebnisse mit einer zeitnahen Polysomnografie (PSG).

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 50 Patienten (m = 30/w = 20) mit Verdacht auf SBAS im mittleren Alter von 50,5 ± 13,7 Jahren eingeschlossen. Die Probanden wiesen unter beiden Messverfahren einen ähnlichen mittleren Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index (AHI) (PSG) von M = 20,8 (SD 23,2) und AHI (PG) von M = 20,2 (SD 18,9) auf. Bei AHI-Werten zwischen ≥15–<30/h ergab sich eine Sensitivität von 63 % und Spezifität von 88 % für die PG im Vergleich zur PSG. Bei AHI-Werten >30/h lag die Sensitivität bei 88 % und die Spezifität bei 91 %.

Diskussion
In der Beurteilung, ob eine klinisch relevante Schlafapnoe vorliegt, zeigte sich eine eher schwache, moderate Übereinstimmung zwischen den einzelnen Diagnosekategorien der Messverfahren, wobei sich die häufigsten Übereinstimmungen in den höchsten und niedrigsten Diagnosegruppen zeigten. Die Ergebnisse lassen jedoch aufgrund der selektiven Stichprobe keine Prognosen hinsichtlich der Durchführbarkeit in einer allgemeinen oder multimorbiden Patientengruppe zu.
Tumor Development and Angiogenesis in Adult Brain Tumor: Glioblastoma
Authors: Ahir Bhavesh K. , Engelhard Herbert H. , Lakka Sajani S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAngiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under the stimulation of specific signals. It is controlled by the balance between its promoting and inhibiting factors. Various angiogenic factors and genes have been identified that stimulate glioma angiogenesis. Therefore, attention has been directed to anti-angiogenesis therapy in which glioma proliferation is inhibited by inhibiting the formation of new tumor vessels using angiogenesis inhibitory factors and drugs. Here, in this review, we highlight and summarize the various molecular mediators that regulate GBM angiogenesis with focus on recent clinical research on the potential of exploiting angiogenic pathways as a strategy in the treatment of GBM patients.
Quantification of the Atmospheric Corrosion of 304 and 2205 Stainless Steels Using Electrochemical Probes Based on Thevenin Electrochemical Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Zhu Yu , Song Yang , Xu Likun , Qin Zhenbo , Song Shizhe , Hu Wenbin , Xia Da-Hai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStainless steel (SS) is one of the most widely used engineering materials in marine engineering. However, its corrosion in the marine atmospheric environment due to the high concentration of Cl− is a problem. The SS corrosion is a threat to the development and security of marine industry; therefore, evaluating the corrosion resistance of SSs is necessary. In this work, atmospheric corrosion detection probes based on a symmetrical electrode system were used to study the corrosion behaviors of 304 SS and 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in a simulated marine atmosphere. A theoretical model for electrochemical noise (EN) data analysis based on the Thevenin electrochemical equivalent circuit (EEC) model was established. The relationship between the EN characteristic parameters and the corrosion rate was obtained. The Thevenin EEC model analysis showed that the relationship between the noise resistance (Rn), the noise impedance [Rsn(f)], and the impedance modulus (|Z(f)|) was $$R_{{\text{n}}} \approx R_{{{\text{sn}}}} = {}^{\sqrt 3 }\left| {Z(f)} \right|$$Rn≈Rsn=3Z(f). Thus, Rn and Rsn can be used as indicators for quantitative corrosion evaluation. The results of EN detection for the 304 SS and 2205 DSS showed that in a simulated marine atmospheric environment, the passive films on the two SSs were relatively intact at the initial exposure stage, and their dissolution rates were slow. The corrosion resistance of the 2205 DSS was higher than that of the 304 SS. With the deposition of Cl− on the SS surface, pitting was initiated and the dissolution rate increased. The pitting initiation process on the SS surface was random, and part of the active pores could be repassivated.
How to teach an old dog new tricks: a new approach on dating unstratified archaeological features from outdated excavations
Authors: Rabitsch Julia , Irovec Ruth , Auer Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen analysing past excavations, the possible lack of information on stratigraphy of small finds can lead to difficulties in dating features of settlements such as building periods or destruction layers. While there can be many factors, the most common reasons are outdated excavation methods, lost written documentation or problems in storage. Studying the material from excavations at the so-called ›Gmeinerwiese‹ in Brigantium/Bregenz, Austria undertaken in 1974 suffered from a combination of these causes, which led to a lack of sound stratigraphical information. However, adapting techniques commonly used for numismatic analyses enabled the gathering of sufficient information to gain a better understanding of the sites’ building periods. Furthermore, an approximate date of the buildings’ destruction by fire could be obtained. Additionally, a second case study was undertaken using stratified and already analysed findings from Aguntum in Eastern Tyrol, Austria to verify the proposed methodology. The results are consistent with the stratigraphic evaluation, which indicates the functionality of this method.
3D mechanical earth model for Zubair oilfield in southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Nada S. , Al-Neeamy Aows K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring drilling operations, wellbore instability is one of the reasons that increase nonproductive time (NPT). Maintaining a stable wellbore is the primary importance during drilling by applying a proper geomechanical model to analyze and understand the distribution of stresses around the wellbore in order to minimize drilling risk and NPT. The lack of any geomechanical studies in Zubair oilfield in southern Iraq is one of the reasons that lead to wellbore stability-related problems and thus an increase in NPT. Petrel Geomechanics 2018 was used to show the distribution of the stresses and the mechanical properties. Showing the distribution of stresses in 3D MEM has big advantages in several ways, and one of them is to select the best path for any future directional wells. To mitigate wellbore stability problems and depending on the 1D mechanical earth models (MEM) results, a detailed 3D MEM was built for Zubair oilfield as the method to precisely pinpoint and diagnose those problems. The results of this study show two points; first is an abnormally pressured zone in Tanuma shale formation, and second, a narrow mud weight window in front of the Tanuma formation. As a conclusion, the mechanical earth model was an efficient tool in diagnosing and predicting geomechanics-related problems, thus suggesting an alternative mud weight program for the problematic zone, which is more important to reduce the most essential factor in the NPT.
Review of anodic reactions in hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cells and strategies to improve anode performance and stability
Authors: Shi Nai , Xie Yun , Yang Yi , Xue Shuangshuang , Li Xinyu , Zhu Kang , Huan Daoming , Peng Ranran , Xia Changrong , Lu Yalin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDirect utilization of hydrocarbon fuels in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has drawn special attention for high energy conversion efficiency, low cost, and simple devices. However, when fueled with hydrocarbons, SOFCs encountered great difficulty in both performance and stability, which should be attributed to the sluggish hydrocarbon oxidizing reactions, the severe carbon deposition reactions, and the possible sulfur poisoning reactions in the anode. This review summarizes potential anode reactions in hydrocarbon-fueled SOFCs and discusses the possible anode deactivation mechanisms. Further, various strategies to improve the anode performance and stability are reviewed, including substituting alloys or increasing oxide basicity for nickel-based anodes, adopting oxide anodes, and adding catalyst layers. The advantages and challenges of each strategy are discussed. Special attention is paid on properties and models of novel oxide anodes, of which nano-metal catalysts are in-situ exsolved. The publications concerning SOFC anodes, mainly in recent 5 years, are listed and compared in this article.
Enriched order polytopes and enriched Hibi rings
Authors: Ohsugi Hidefumi , Tsuchiya Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStanley introduced two classes of lattice polytopes associated to posets, which are called the order polytope $${{\mathscr {O}}}_P$$

O
P

and the chain polytope $${{\mathscr {C}}}_P$$

C
P

of a poset P. It is known that, given a poset P, the Ehrhart polynomials of $${{\mathscr {O}}}_P$$

O
P

and $${{\mathscr {C}}}_P$$

C
P

are equal to the order polynomial of P that counts the P-partitions. In this paper, we introduce the enriched order polytope of a poset P and show that it is a reflexive polytope whose Ehrhart polynomial is equal to that of the enriched chain polytope of P and the left enriched order polynomial of P that counts the left enriched P-partitions, by using the theory of Gröbner bases. The toric rings of enriched order polytopes are called enriched Hibi rings. It turns out that enriched Hibi rings are normal, Gorenstein, and Koszul. The above result implies the existence of a bijection between the lattice points in the dilations of "Equation missing" and "Equation missing". Towards such a bijection, we give the facet representations of enriched order and chain polytopes.
On normed spaces with the Wigner Property
Authors: Wang Ruidong , Bugajewski Dariusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to generalize the Wigner Theorem to real normed spaces. A normed space is said to have the Wigner Property if the Wigner Theorem holds for it. We prove that every two-dimensional real normed space has the Wigner Property. We also study the Wigner Property of real normed spaces of dimension at least three. It is also shown that strictly convex real normed spaces possess the Wigner Property.
On symmetry of strong Birkhoff orthogonality in $$B(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$ and $$K(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$
Authors: Tanaka Ryotaro , Sain Debmalya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, complete characterizations of left (or right) symmetric points for strong Birkhoff orthogonality in$$B(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$B(H,K)and$$K(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$K(H,K)are given, where$$\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K}$$H,Kare complex Hilbert spaces and$$B(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$B(H,K)($$K(\mathcal {H},\mathcal {K})$$K(H,K)) is the space of all bounded linear (compact) operators from$$\mathcal {H}$$Hinto$$\mathcal {K}$$K.
On some modifications of n-th von Neumann–Jordan constant for Banach spaces
Authors: Ciesielski Maciej , Płuciennik Ryszard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study, among others, upper, lower, upper modified and lower modified n-th von Neumann–Jordan constant and relationships between them. There are characterized uniformly non-$$l_{n}^{1}$$

l

n

1

Banach spaces in terms of the upper modified n-th von Neumann–Jordan constant. Moreover, this constant is calculated explicitly for Lebesgue spaces $$L^{p}$$

L
p

and $$l^{p}$$

l
p

$$(1\le p\le \infty ).$$

(
1
≤
p
≤
∞
)
.

Finally, it is shown that the sequence of n-th upper and modified upper von Neumann–Jordan constants for the space $$L^p$$

L
p

as well as $$l^p$$

l
p

$$(2<p<\infty )$$

(
2
<
p
<
∞
)

converges to $$B_p^2$$

B
p
2

, where $$B_p$$

B
p

is the best type (2, p) constant in the Khinthine inequality for the case $$2\le p<\infty $$

2
≤
p
<
∞

.
Breaking bad news to children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Almaiman Weiam , Alfattani Areej , Alshareef Turki A. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Breaking bad news to caregivers of children with (CKD) [I can't comment in the box] Title says to breaking bad news to children but in here, breaking bad news to caregivers. Please clarify and edit accordingly. is an important role of nephrologists. In our practice there has been a thought about parental dissatisfaction from breaking bad news to CKD patients. Caregiver's preferences on how to be told the bad news in CKD children has not been studied adequately. Our objective was to identify how much is the emotional and knowledge satisfaction of CKD caregivers and the relation of their socioeconomic and educational levels with their preferences in breaking bad news.

Methods:
A questionnaire based study was conducted for caregivers of CKD children, in the outpatient clinics, and peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis units at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre for three months.

Results:
83 questionnaires from caregivers of CKD patients age (1–14) years, mean age of 8.5 ± 3.9 years. (47.6%) were emotionally very satisfied, 29.5% were very satisfied about the knowledge they had.

Conclusion:
Caregivers of CKD patients are satisfied emotionally more than the satisfaction about the amount of information they got. Different demographic data might affect their preferences in the way of receiving the bad news. The dissatisfaction suggesting that physicians' communication skills needs improvement.
What Is a “Validated Questionnaire”? A Critical Review of Erectile Function Assessment
Authors: Yafi Faysal A. , Huynh Linda My , Ahlering Thomas , Rosen Raymond 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the assessment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has experienced a paradigm shift from objective, quantitative methods to subjective, qualitative patient-reported outcomes. Facilitated by this shift is the ongoing debate on questionnaire selection and need for standardization, particularly among sexual medicine specialists.

Aim
To review current literature on assessment of erectile function via patient-reported outcomes and discuss the context, advantages, and limitations of currently available questionnaires.

Methods
A thorough literature search of erectile function questionnaires developed from 1990 through 2019 was carried out using 3 methods: a search of the MedLine databases; hand-search of peer-reviewed urologic, sexual medicine, and health policy journals; and expert review. The following keywords were used: [assessment of], [inventory], [questionnaire], or [validated measure]; in combination with: [sexual function] or [erectile function]. Measures were stratified into one of the following 3 groups: screening, outcome, or disease-specific. 3 screening measures (International Index of Erectile Function, the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire, and Brief Male Sexual Inventory); 5 outcome measures (Sexual Health Inventory for Men, Erection Hardness Score, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory for Treatment and Satisfaction, and Treatment Satisfaction Scale); and 3 categories of disease-specific measures (cancer, Peyronie's disease, and spinal cord injury) were included.

Outcomes
Strengths, limitations, and valid uses of each erectile function questionnaire.

Results
There currently exists a wide variety of screening, outcome, and disease-specific measures for ED diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Rigor of psychometric validation varies greatly across studies. However, depending on purpose of use, all abovementioned questionnaires have merit for use in clinical practice, are nonredundant, and can complement and supplement one another.

Clinical Implications
Before choosing a specific measure for ED diagnosis, assessment, or treatment, there must be careful consideration of the questionnaire's psychometric properties, context of validation, and its possible limitations.

Strengths & Limitations
The patient reported outcome measures highlighted in this article complement and supplement one another, as each emphasizes a related yet distinct central theme. During selection for use in clinical practice and research studies, special attention needs to be paid to the context, strengths, and weaknesses of each measure.

Conclusion
When used conscientiously, patient-reported questionnaires can significantly optimize patient management.
Opportunities Lost: Political Interference in the Systematic Collection of Population Health Data During and After the 2003 War in Iraq
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe review of the article, “Developing a Public Health Monitoring System in a War-torn Region: A Field Report from Iraqi Kurdistan,” prompted the writing of this commentary. Decisions to implement health data systems within Iraq require exploration of many otherwise undisclosed or unknown historical facts that led to the politicization of and ultimate demise of the pre-2003 Iraq war systematic health data monitoring system designed to mitigate both direct and indirect mortality and morbidity. Absent from the field report’s otherwise accurate history leading up to and following the war is the politically led process by which the original surveillance system planned for the war and its aftermath was destroyed. The successful politicization of the otherwise extensively planned for public health monitoring in 2003 and its legacy harmed any future attempts to implement similar monitoring systems in succeeding wars and conflicts. Warring factions only collect military casualty data. The field report outlines current attempts to begin again in building a systematic health monitoring system emphasizing it is the “only way to manage the complex post-war events that continue to lead to disproportionate preventable mortality and morbidity.”
Embeddings of homogeneous Sobolev spaces on the entire space
Authors: Mihula Zdeněk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe completely characterize the validity of the inequality $\| u \|_{Y(\mathbb R)} \leq C \| \nabla^{m} u \|_{X(\mathbb R)}$, where X and Y are rearrangement-invariant spaces, by reducing it to a considerably simpler one-dimensional inequality. Furthermore, we fully describe the optimal rearrangement-invariant space on either side of the inequality when the space on the other side is fixed. We also solve the same problem within the environment in which the competing spaces are Orlicz spaces. A variety of examples involving customary function spaces suitable for applications is also provided.
Bootstrapping partition regularity of linear systems
Authors: Sanders Tom 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuppose that A is a k × d matrix of integers and write $\Re _A:{\mathbb N}\to {\mathbb N}\cup \{ \infty \} $ for the function taking r to the largest N such that there is an r-colouring $\mathcal {C}$ of [N] with $\bigcup _{C \in \mathcal {C}}{C^d}\cap \ker A =\emptyset $. We show that if ℜA(r) < ∞ for all $r\in {\mathbb N}$ then $\mathfrak {R}_A(r) \leqslant \exp (\exp (r^{O_{A}(1)}))$ for all r ⩾ 2. When the kernel of A consists only of Brauer configurations – that is, vectors of the form (y, x, x + y, …, x + (d − 2)y) – the above statement has been proved by Chapman and Prendiville with good bounds on the OA(1) term.