bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health recovery and physical health outcomes in psychotic illness: Longitudinal data from the Western Australian survey of high impact psychosis catchments
Authors: Morgan Vera A , Waterreus Anna , Ambrosi Taryn , Badcock Johanna C , Cox Kay , Watts Gerald F , Shymko Gordon , Velayudhan Ajay , Dragovic Milan , Jablensky Assen 
Published: September 2020

Objective: There is a dearth of longitudinal data on outcomes in prevalent cases of psychotic illness across a range of ages and levels of chronicity. Our aim was to describe changes over time in mental and physical health outcomes, as well as patterns of service utilisation that may have influenced outcomes, in a representative prevalence sample of 641 Western Australians with a psychotic illness who, at Wave 1, were part of the National Survey of High Impact Psychosis. Methods: In Wave 1 (2010, 2012), a two-phase design was employed to ensure representativeness: Phase 1 psychosis screening took place in public mental health and non-government organisation services, while, in Phase 2, a randomised sample was interviewed. In Wave 2, 380/641 (59%) of participants were re-interviewed, with interviews staggered between 2013 and 2016 (follow-up time: 2.3–5.6 years). Data collection covered mental and physical health, functioning, cognition, social circumstances and service utilisation. Mental health outcomes were categorised as symptomatic, functional and personal recovery. Physical health outcomes covered metabolic syndrome and its component criteria. Results: In mental health, there were encouraging improvements in symptom profiles, variable change in functional recovery and some positive findings for personal recovery, but not quality of life. Participants ranked physical health second among challenges. Metabolic syndrome had increased significantly. While treatment for underlying cardiovascular risk conditions had improved, rates of intervention were still very low. More people were accessing general practices and more frequently, but there were sharp and significant declines in access to community rehabilitation, psychosocial interventions and case management. Conclusion: Although we observed some positive outcomes over time, the sharp decline in access to evidence-based interventions such as community rehabilitation, psychosocial interventions and case management is of great concern and augurs poorly for recovery-oriented practice. Changes in service utilisation appear to have influenced the patterns found.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors and outcomes of community treatment orders in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Kisely Steve , Yu Dong , Maehashi Saki , Siskind Dan 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Australia and New Zealand have some of the highest rates of compulsory community treatment order use worldwide. There are also concerns that people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds may have higher rates of community treatment orders. We therefore assessed the health service, clinical and psychosocial outcomes of compulsory community treatment and explored if culturally and linguistically diverse, indigenous status or other factors predicted community treatment orders. Methods: We searched the following databases from inception to January 2020: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We included any study conducted in Australia or New Zealand that compared people on community treatment orders for severe mental illness with controls receiving voluntary psychiatric treatment. Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessing study quality using Joanna Briggs Institute scales. Results: A total of 31 publications from 12 studies met inclusion criteria, of which 24 publications could be included in a meta-analysis. Only one was from New Zealand. People who were male, single and not engaged in work, study or home duties were significantly more likely to be subject to a community treatment order. In addition, those from a culturally and linguistically diverse or migrant background were nearly 40% more likely to be on an order. Indigenous status was not associated with community treatment order use in Australia and there were no New Zealand data. Community treatment orders did not reduce readmission rates or bed-days at 12-month follow-up. There was evidence of increased benefit in the longer-term but only after a minimum of 2 years of use. Finally, people on community treatment orders had a lower mortality rate, possibly related to increased community contacts. Conclusion: People from culturally and linguistically diverse or migrant backgrounds are more likely to be placed on a community treatment order. However, the evidence for effectiveness remains inconclusive and limited to orders of at least 2 years’ duration. The restrictive nature of community treatment orders may not be outweighed by the inconclusive evidence for beneficial outcomes.
Resilience in adolescent refugees living in Malaysia: The association with religiosity and religious coping
Authors: Chow Mervyn Ian Sim Peng , Hashim Aili Hanim , Guan Ng Chong 
Published: September 2020

Background: Until now, there is scarcity of information regarding resilience, religiosity and religious coping among adolescent refugees. Currently, most researches emphasize on the physical, psychological and social distresses experienced by refugees while overlooking these crucial aspects, that is, resilience and coping. Aim: The study aimed to examine resilience and its association with religiosity and religious coping among adolescent refugees living in Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in five community-based learning centres in Malaysia from July 2019 till December 2019. A total of 152 refugees, aged 13 to 19-years-old, were recruited. The study gauged resilience using the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14), the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) for religiosity and the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) for religious coping. Results: The majority of adolescent refugees portrayed moderate levels of resilience (43.5%). The study highlighted the interconnectedness between resilience and intrinsic religiosity (IR) ( p < .001), as well as, positive ( p < .001) and negative ( p = .010) religious coping. Additionally, the results demonstrated that certain sociodemographic factors could potentially confound resilience, namely, countries of origin ( p < .001), religion ( p < .001), education centre ( p < .001) and refugee status ( p = .018). Conclusion: With knowledge from this study, mental health professionals can initiate or improve liaison with religious-based services in working together to provide resources for adolescent refugees. Incorporating information regarding mental health with religious teachings may help increase resilience in young refugees and, in turn, alleviate their psychological distress.
Borderland Political Regimes in Latin America
Authors: Dilla Alfonso Haroldo , Hansen Figueroa Karen 
Published: September 2020

One of the characteristics of contemporary political geography is the transformation of international borders into resources for capitalist value creation. This has been accompanied by the emergence of new identities and practices that challenge the nationalist doxa. Borderland political regimes seek to account for this complexity as it is expressed in the way in which the nation-states perceive and try to govern these spaces of overlapping territorialities. An analysis of the ways in which Chile, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic perceive their borders and produce regulations and institutional frameworks based on both their particular histories and the requirements of neoliberal capitalist accumulation concludes with a series of proposals for inclusive governance systems that take the aforementioned complexities into account. Una de las características de la geografía política contemporánea es la transformación de las fronteras internacionales en recursos para la creación de valor capitalista. Esto se ha acompañado de la aparición de nuevas identidades y prácticas que desafían la doxa nacionalista. Los regímenes políticos fronterizos tratan de dar cuenta de esta complejidad, expresada en la forma en que los Estados-nación perciben y tratan de gobernar estos espacios de supuestas territorialidades. Un análisis de las maneras en que Chile, Colombia y República Dominicana perciben sus fronteras y emiten regulaciones y marcos institucionales basados tanto en sus historias nacionales particulares como en los requisitos de la acumulación capitalista neoliberal concluye con una serie de propuestas para sistemas de gobierno inclusivos que tomen en cuenta las complejidades antes mencionadas.
Racializing Region: Internal Orientalism, Social Media, and the Perpetuation of Stereotypes and Prejudice against Brazilian Nordestinos
Authors: Serrão Rodrigo 
Published: September 2020

Consideration of the prevalence of regional prejudice in Brazil shows how stereotypical assumptions about culture, race, and socioeconomic class inform regional biases. A comparison of discriminatory social media posts after the 2014 and 2018 presidential elections reveals similarities in most of the racist and xenophobic language in the two election cycles but an increase in references to Venezuela and Cuba and heightened animosity toward the Partido dos Trabalhadores in 2018. Racism directed by social media users against nordestinos is part of a historical continuum of oppression fostered by regional stereotypes and failed public policies that have real-life implications for Brazil’s nordestinos. A consideração da prevalência de preconceito regional no Brasil mostra a centralidade de premissas estereotipadas sobre cultura, raça e classe socioeconômica. Uma comparação de publicações discriminatórias nas mídias sociais após as eleições presidenciais de 2014 e 2018 revela semelhanças na maior parte da linguagem racista e xenofóbica nos dois ciclos eleitorais, mas um aumento nas referências à Venezuela e Cuba e maior animosidade em relação ao Partido dos Trabalhadores em 2018. Racismo dirigido por usuários de mídia social contra os nordestinos faz parte de um continuum histórico de opressão promovida por estereótipos regionais e políticas públicas fracassadas que têm implicações na vida real para os nordestinos do Brasil.
Path-Break Versus Path-Drift: A Comparative Approach to Explain Variations in Institutional Effects on Economic Growth
Authors: Tamilina Larysa , Tamilina Natalya 
Published: September 2020

This study introduces a comprehensive model of institutional grafting wherein cultural, market, and political forces shape new legal institutions. The model is used to suggest that a country’s growth rates are a function of incongruence between legal institutions and the three forces. We demonstrate that incongruence is large in path-break but tends to be significantly smaller in path-drift. We argue that legal institutions are thereby instrumental to economic growth when a country drifts along the established institutional path and only modestly influence growth rates during institutional path change. In the latter case, the political dimension determines the success of both growth trajectories and institutional reforms. These propositions are tested empirically based on a sample of 106 countries derived from the POLITY IV Project’s website. JEL Classifications: O17, O43, O57, P26, P37
The usefulness and feasibility of placing a clinch knot with a guidewire to achieve temporary hemostasis in arteriovenous dialysis access interventions
Authors: Park Sung-Joon , Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Cho Sung Beom , Seo Tae-Seok , Song Myung Gyu 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of using a reversible clinch knot with a guidewire in place rather than eliminating the access route during an arteriovenous hemodialysis access (AV access) intervention using the facing sheath technique. Material and methods: From July 2016 to June 2019, we retrospectively studied 78 sessions performed as interventional treatment for arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis (HD) access using the “facing-sheath technique.” In all sessions, all antegrade sheaths were removed while a 0.035-inch guidewire remained in place with purse-string suture and the clinch knot. Seventy-two sessions were performed in patients with thrombosed AV accesses (69 arteriovenous grafts [AVGs] and three arteriovenous fistulas [AVFs]), and six sessions were carried out to treat non-thrombosed AV accesses (four AVGs and two AVFs). We evaluated whether proper hemostasis and successful reinsertion of the sheath over the wire into the clinch knot was achieved. Clinical success was defined as achieving prompt restoration of blood flow for AV access, and the postintervention primary and secondary patency were also evaluated. Result: In all 87 clinch knots created in 78 total sessions, proper hemostasis was achieved. All clinch knots that required reversal for additional procedures were successfully reopened (55 clinch knots in 50 sessions). The postintervention primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 6 months, and at 1 year were 77.8%, 68.9%, 55.6%, and 33.3%, respectively. The postintervention secondary patency rates at 1, 3, and 6 months, and also at 1 year were 93.3%, 91.1%, 86.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Our AV access intervention which used a clinch knot with purse-string suture while the guidewire remained in place was both useful and feasible for maintaining temporary hemostasis.
A Comparison of T2 Relaxation-Based MRI Stroke Timing Methods in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: McGarry Bryony L , Damion Robin A , Chew Isabel , Knight Michael J , Harston George WJ , Carone Davide , Jezzard Peter , Sitaram Amith , Muir Keith W , Clatworthy Philip , Kauppinen Risto A 
Published: September 2020

Background: T2 relaxation-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals may provide onset time for acute ischemic strokes with an unknown onset. The ability of visual and quantitative MRI-based methods in a cohort of hyperacute ischemic stroke patients was studied. Methods: A total of 35 patients underwent 3T (3 Tesla) MRI (<9-hour symptom onset). Diffusion-weighted (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1-weighted (T1w), T2-weighted (T2w), and T2 relaxation time (T2) images were acquired. T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were acquired for 17 of these patients. Image intensity ratios of the average intensities in ischemic and non-ischemic reference regions were calculated for ADC, DWI, T2w, T2 relaxation, and FLAIR images, and optimal image intensity ratio cut-offs were determined. DWI and FLAIR images were assessed visually for DWI/FLAIR mismatch. Results: The T2 relaxation time image intensity ratio was the only parameter with significant correlation with stroke duration ( r = 0.49, P = .003), an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.77, P < .0001), and an optimal cut-off (T2 ratio = 1.072) that accurately identified patients within the 4.5-hour thrombolysis treatment window with sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.74. In the patients with the additional FLAIR, areas under the precision-recall-gain curve (AUPRG) and F1 scores showed that the T2 relaxation time ratio (AUPRG = 0.60, F1 = 0.73) performed considerably better than the FLAIR ratio (AUPRG = 0.39, F1 = 0.57) and the visual DWI/FLAIR mismatch (F1 = 0.25). Conclusions: Quantitative T2 relaxation time is the preferred MRI parameter in the assessment of patients with unknown onset for treatment stratification.
The role of early social motivation in explaining variability in functional language in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Su Pumpki L , Rogers Sally J , Estes Annette , Yoder Paul 
Published: September 2020

This study examined an insufficiently studied predictor of functional language, social motivation, in a group of 87 young children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants (age 14–31 months at the start of the study) were assessed at four times over 24 months. We tested total and indirect associations between early social motivation and later expressive language to understand the behavioral mechanisms by which social motivation might affect functional language development. Results from this study show that early social motivation predicts functional language 2 years later in young children with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, this positive longitudinal association is serially mediated by intentional communication and then receptive language. These findings are consistent with the elicited bootstrapping hypothesis which proposes that children with relatively stronger social motivation produce more intentional communication. This, in turn, elicits others’ linguistic input which impels receptive language development. This process eventually results in relatively increased expressive language development. Lay abstract About one-third of children with autism spectrum disorder never develop the language that they need in different day-to-day situations. Identifying potential factors that can predict later language development is crucial to understanding why some children with autism spectrum disorder successfully develop language while others do not. This study sought to investigate one of the understudied predictors of language development, social motivation, and to test theories for why this association may occur. Testing the theories requires that we measure children’s ability to deliberately and directly communicate with others (i.e. intentional communication) and children’s language understanding between the measures of social motivation and later expressive language. We tested 87 children with autism spectrum disorder, aged 14–31 months, at four times over 24 months. We found that children with relatively stronger social motivation had relatively better language use 2 years later. This positive link was partly due to a child’s ability to produce intentional communication and to understand language. Although we did not measure parents’ talking to their children, a theory that inspired this study suggests that children who use frequent intentional communication probably motivate others to talk with them frequently, which facilitates children’s language understanding which leads to the development of expressive language. This theory, if confirmed to be true, can provide guidance for parents who want to help their children learn to talk. Parents could look for intentional communication from their children and respond by talking to their children. Effective intervention on both parent and child targets will likely enhance treatment efficacy. Future work is needed to test these ideas.
Serum Kynurenines Correlate With Depressive Symptoms and Disability in Poststroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Carrillo-Mora Paul , Pérez-De la Cruz Verónica , Estrada-Cortés Berenice , Toussaint-González Paola , Martínez-Cortéz José Antonio , Rodríguez-Barragán Marlene , Quinzaños-Fresnedo Jimena , Rangel-Caballero Fernanda , Gamboa-Coria Gabriela , Sánchez-Vázquez Itzel , Barajas-Martínez Karina , Franyutti-Prado Kenia , Sánchez-Chapul Laura , Ramírez-Ortega Daniela , Ramos-Chávez Lucio A. 
Published: September 2020

Background Poststroke depression (PSD) is related to adverse functional and cognitive prognosis in stroke patients. The participation of kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression has been previously proposed; however, there are few studies on its role in PSD and disability in stroke. Objective To investigate if there is a correlation between serum kynurenines levels with poststroke anxiety and depression symptoms and disability scales. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in patients with first stroke, of >1 month and <1 year of evolution, with no history of previous psychiatric or neurological disorders; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), functional evaluations (Barthel index, Functional Independence Measure [FIM]) were applied and serum kynurenines (Kyns) were determined. Results Sixty patients were included; significant depressive symptoms were found in 63% of the cases; a significant and positive correlation was obtained between levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) with HADS-T ( r = 0.30, P = .025) and HADS-D ( r = 0.28, P = .039). Depressed patients showed significantly higher levels of 3HK ( P = .048) and KYNA ( P = .0271) than nondepressed patients; the 3HK levels were inversely correlated with functional scales: Barthel index ( r = −0.31, P = .02), FIM ( r = −0.40, P = .01); in addition, serum 3HK levels were significantly higher in patients with poor sleep quality ( P = .0190). Conclusions Serum Kyns show correlation with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and with the disability and sleep quality. Kyns may be a potential marker of depression risk and disability in stroke in future.
Analysis of NTRK mutation and clinicopathologic factors in lung cancer patients in northeast China
Authors: Li Hui , Yan Shi , Liu Ying , Ma Lixia , Liu Xianhong , Liu Yan , Cheng Ying 
Published: September 2020

Objective: NTRK mutations and clinicopathological factors in patients with lung cancer in northeast China were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and references were provided for patients with NTRK mutations undergoing targeted therapy in northeast China. Methods: A total of 224 specimens in 173 patients with lung cancer were collected. This included 51 patients with matched tissue and whole blood samples,133 tissue samples, 84 whole blood samples, and 7 pleural effusion samples. NGS (520 genes) was used to detected NTRK mutations and clinicopathologic factors. Results: NTRK mutation was detected in eight patients (8/173, 4.6%), including four NTRK missense mutations (4/173, 2.3%), two NTRK fusion gene mutations (2/173, 1.2%), and two NTRK copy number deletions (2/173, 1.2%). Among the eight patients with NTRK mutations, four were associated with lung cancer driver gene mutations (3/4 EGFR, 1/4ALK); NTRK in two patients was inconsistent in tissue and paired whole blood testing; NTRK missense mutation was detected in one patient, and NTRK copy number deletion was detected in the other; and NTRK wild type was detected in two patients. There was no correlation between NTRK mutation and clinicopathologic factors (including gender, age, pathological type, smoking status, metastasis site). Conclusion: NTRK mutation was only 4.6%, effective fusion gene mutation was 1.2%, and common driver gene mutation in lung cancer was evident in 50% of patients. The results of NTRK were inconsistent with matched tissues and whole blood. Therefore, patients with NTRK mutation should use a variety of specimen types and large target area sequencing (panel) analysis method to provide individualized treatment.