bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small RNAs in eucaryotes: new clues for amplifying microRNA benefits
Authors: Ledda Bernardetta , Ottaggio Laura , Izzotti Alberto , Sukkar Samir G. , Miele Mariangela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractmiRNAs, the smallest nucleotide molecules able to regulate gene expression at post transcriptional level, are found in both animals and plants being involved in fundamental processes for growth and development of living organisms. The number of miRNAs has been hypothesized to increase when some organisms specialized the process of mastication and grinding of food. Further to the vertical transmission, miRNAs can undergo horizontal transmission among different species, in particular between plants and animals. In the last years, an increasing number of studies reported that miRNA passage occurs through feeding, and that in animals, plant miRNAs can survive the gastro intestinal digestion and transferred by blood into host cells, where they can exert their functions modulating gene expression. The present review reports studies on miRNAs during evolution, with particular focus on biogenesis and mechanisms regulating their stability in plants and animals. The different biogenesis and post biogenesis modifications allow to discriminate miRNAs of plant origin from those of animal origin, and make it possible to better clarify the controversial question on whether a possible cross-kingdom miRNA transfer through food does exist. The majority of human medicines and supplements derive from plants and a regular consumption of plant food is suggested for their beneficial effects in the prevention of metabolic diseases, cancers, and dietary related disorders. So far, these beneficial effects have been generally attributed to the content of secondary metabolites, whereas mechanisms regarding other components remain unclear. Therefore, in light of the above reported studies miRNAs could result another component for the medical properties of plants. miRNAs have been mainly studied in mammals characterizing their sequences and molecular targets as available in public databases. The herein presented studies provide evidences that miRNA situation is much more complex than the static situation reported in databases. Indeed, miRNAs may have redundant activities, variable sequences, different methods of biogenesis, and may be differently influenced by external and environmental factors. In-depth knowledge of mechanisms of synthesis, regulation and transfer of plant miRNAs to other species can open new frontiers in the therapy of many human diseases, including cancer.
Positive solutions of fractional p-Laplacian equations with integral boundary value and two parameters
Authors: Zhang Luchao , Zhang Weiguo , Liu Xiping , Jia Mei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider a class of Caputo fractionalp-Laplacian differential equations with integral boundary conditions which involve two parameters. By using the Avery–Peterson fixed point theorem, we obtain the existence of positive solutions for the boundary value problem. As an application, we present an example to illustrate our main result.
Stability analysis and prevention strategies of tobacco smoking model
Authors: Alzahrani Ebraheem , Zeb Anwar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research work is related to a tobacco smoking model having a significance class of users of tobacco in the form of snuffing. For this purpose, the formulation of the model containing snuffing class is presented; then the equilibrium points as regards being smoking free and smoking positive are discussed. The Hurwitz theorem is used for finding the local stability of the model and Lyaponov function theory is used for the search of global stability. We use different controls for control of smoking and the Pontryagin maximum principle for characterization of the optimal level. For the solution of the proposed model, a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme and the Runge–Kutta fourth order method are used. Finally, some numerical results are presented for control and without control systems with the help of MATLAB.
Oscillation results for nonlinear second order difference equations with mixed neutral terms
Authors: Grace Said R. , Alzabut Jehad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we establish new oscillation criteria for nonlinear second order difference equations with mixed neutral terms. The key idea of our approach is to compare with first order equations whose oscillatory behaviors are already known. The obtained results not only improve and extend existing results reported in the literature but also provide a new platform for the investigation of a wide class of nonlinear second order difference equations. The results are supported by examples to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical findings.
Synchronization control of stochastic delayed Lotka–Volterra systems with hardware simulation
Authors: Wang Lan , Dong Yiping , Xie Da , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the synchronization control of a non-autonomous Lotka–Volterra system with time delay and stochastic effects is studied. The purpose is to firstly establish sufficient conditions for the existence of global positive solution by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. Some synchronization criteria are then derived by designing an appropriate full controller and a pinning controller, respectively. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the main theoretical results based on the Field-Programmable Gate Array hardware simulation tool.
Analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical solutions for the Cahn–Allen equation
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A. , Park Choonkil , Lu Dianchen , Attia Raghda A. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical solutions of the Cahn–Allen equation, which plays a vital role in describing the structure of the dynamics for phase separation inFe–Cr–X($X=Mo,Cu$X=Mo,Cu) ternary alloys. The modified Khater method, the Adomian decomposition method, and the quintic B-spline scheme are implemented on our suggested model to get distinct kinds of solutions. These solutions describe the dynamics of the phase separation in iron alloys and are also used in solidification and nucleation problems. The applications of this model arise in many various fields such as plasma physics, quantum mechanics, mathematical biology, and fluid dynamics. The comparison between the obtained solutions is represented by using figures and tables to explain the value of the error between exact and numerical solutions. All solutions are verified by using Mathematica software.
Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egyptian intensive care units using National Healthcare–associated Infections Surveillance Data, 2011–2017
Authors: Kotb Sara , Lyman Meghan , Ismail Ghada , Abd El Fattah Mohammad , Girgis Samia A. , Etman Ahmed , Hafez Soad , El-Kholy Jehan , Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Rashed Hebat-allah G. , Khalil Ghada M. , Sayyouh Omar , Talaat Maha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
To describe the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in Egyptian hospitals reporting to the national HAI surveillance system.

Methods
Design: Descriptive analysis of CRE HAIs and retrospective observational cohort study using national HAI surveillance data. Setting: Egyptian hospitals participating in the HAI surveillance system. The patient population included patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in participating hospitals. Enterobacteriaceae HAI cases were Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter isolates from blood, urine, wound or respiratory specimen collected on or after day 3 of ICU admission. CRE HAI cases were those resistant to at least one carbapenem. For CRE HAI cases reported during 2011–2017, a hospital-level and patient-level analysis were conducted using only the first CRE isolate by pathogen and specimen type for each patient. For facility, microbiology, and clinical characteristics, frequencies and means were calculated among CRE HAI cases and compared with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae HAI cases through univariate and multivariate logistic regression using STATA 13.

Results
There were 1598 Enterobacteriaceae HAI cases, of which 871 (54.1%) were carbapenem resistant. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that carbapenem resistance was associated with specimen type, pathogen, location prior to admission, and length of ICU stay. Between 2011 and 2017, there was an increase in the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae HAI cases due to CRE (p-value = 0.003) and the incidence of CRE HAIs (p-value = 0.09).

Conclusions
This analysis demonstrated a high and increasing burden of CRE in Egyptian hospitals, highlighting the importance of enhancing infection prevention and control (IPC) programs and antimicrobial stewardship activities and guiding the implementation of targeted IPC measures to contain CRE in Egyptian ICU’s .
Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Donà D. , Barbieri E. , Daverio M. , Lundin R. , Giaquinto C. , Zaoutis T. , Sharland M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are the most common medicines prescribed to children in hospitals and the community, with a high proportion of potentially inappropriate use. Antibiotic misuse increases the risk of toxicity, raises healthcare costs, and selection of resistance. The primary aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current state of evidence of the implementation and outcomes of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) globally.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting on ASP in children aged 0–18 years and conducted in outpatient or in-hospital settings. Three investigators independently reviewed identified articles for inclusion and extracted relevant data.ResultsOf the 41,916 studies screened, 113 were eligible for inclusion in this study. Most of the studies originated in the USA (52.2%), while a minority were conducted in Europe (24.7%) or Asia (17.7%). Seventy-four (65.5%) studies used a before-and-after design, and sixteen (14.1%) were randomized trials. The majority (81.4%) described in-hospital ASPs with half of interventions in mixed pediatric wards and ten (8.8%) in emergency departments. Only sixteen (14.1%) studies focused on the costs of ASPs. Almost all the studies (79.6%) showed a significant reduction in inappropriate prescriptions. Compliance after ASP implementation increased. Sixteen of the included studies quantified cost savings related to the intervention with most of the decreases due to lower rates of drug administration. Seven studies showed an increased susceptibility of the bacteria analysed with a decrease in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producersE. coliandK. pneumoniae;a reduction in the rate ofP. aeruginosacarbapenem resistance subsequent to an observed reduction in the rate of antimicrobial days of therapy; and, in two studies set in outpatient setting, an increase in erythromycin-sensitiveS. pyogenesfollowing a reduction in the use of macrolides.ConclusionsPediatric ASPs have a significant impact on the reduction of targeted and empiric antibiotic use, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Pediatric ASPs are now widely implemented in the USA, but considerable further adaptation is required to facilitate their uptake in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa.
High clonal diversity of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical samples in a non-outbreak situation. A cohort study
Authors: Xercavins Mariona , Jiménez Elena , Padilla Emma , Riera Montserrat , Freixas Núria , Boix-Palop Lucia , Pérez Josefa , Calbo Esther 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae has been responsible for a large number of clonal hospital outbreaks. However, some epidemiological changes have been observed since the emergence of CTX-M enzymes in K. pneumoniae.

Aim
To analyse the transmission dynamics of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) in an acute care hospital.

Methods
In 2015 a prospective cohort study was conducted. All new consecutive adult patients with ESBL-Kp isolates in all clinical samples were included. Patients with a previous known infection/colonization by ESBL-Kp and patients in high risk areas (e.g., intensive care units) were excluded. Cross-transmission was defined as the carriage of a clonally-related ESBL-Kp between newly diagnosed patients who shared the same ward for ≥48 h with another case, within a maximum time window of 4 weeks. ESBL-production was confirmed using the double-disk diffusion method and PCR. Clonal relationships were investigated by rep-PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Results
Sixty ESBL-Kp isolates from 60 patients were included and analysed. Infections and colonizations were classified as hospital-acquired (52%), healthcare-related (40%) or community-acquired (8%).
High genetic diversity was detected. When epidemiological clinical data were combined with the rep-PCR, the patterns identified did not show any cases of cross-transmission. ESBL-Kp were detected in 12.5% of environmental samples. No clonal relationship could be established between environmental reservoirs and patients. The genetic mechanism detected in all strains was associated with blaCTX-M genes, and 97% were CTX-M-15.

Conclusions
The dynamics of ESBL-K. pneumoniae isolated in our setting could not be explained by clonal transmission from an index patient. A polyclonal spread of ESBL-Kp was identified.
The impact of cytochrome 450 and Paraoxonase polymorphisms on clopidogrel resistance and major adverse cardiac events in coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Zhaowei , Chen Mingxiao , Zhang Long , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClopidogrel is an inactive prodrug, it catalyzed into its active form by Cytochrome 450 and Paraoxonase-1(PON-1). polymorphisms of genes encoding these enzymes will affect the efficacy of Clopidogrel. The main objective of our study was to investigate the association of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and PON-1Q192R polymorphisms with Clopidogrel resistance and major adverse cardiac events in Jin Hua district in the middle of Zhe Jiang Province in China.MethodsOne hundred sixty coronary heart disease patients with percutaneous coronary intervention, who were followed-up for 1 year, were enrolled in our study. These patients were co-administered aspirin 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d following a loading dose of 300 mg. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate was measured by Platelet aggregator. Genotypes of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, PON-1Q192R were determined using Sanger sequencing in all patients. Various clinical data were collected.ResultsThe frequencies of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and PON-1Q192R homozygous mutant genotypes were significantly lower in non-responders than those in responders. After for all variables, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and PON-1Q192R independently increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance with adjusted ORs 46.65(95% CI,1.77–25.04;p = 0.005); 22.74(95% CI, 3.11–166.27;p = 0.002); 5.69 (95% CI,1.06–30.47;p = 0.042). Over a follow-up of 12 months, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in CYP2C19*1/*2, *1/*3, *2/*2, *2/*3 was significantly higher than no mutant genotype (18/40vs.2/63,3/9vs.2/63, 11/6vs.2/63, 7/1vs2/63, respectively). There was no significant correlation between PON-1Q192R mutant allele and MACE.ConclusionOur study was first time to report on CYP2C19 and PON-1 polymorphisms in Jin Hua population in the middle of Zhe Jiang province in China. The carriage of CYP2C19*2 or *3 mutant allele significantly reduced the platelet response to clopidogrel and increase the MACE. The carriage of PON-1 mutant allele also significantly reduced the platelet response to clopidogrel, but would not increase the major adverse cardiac events after 1 year follow-up.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018316. Registered 11 September 2018 – prospective registered,http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=30927&htm=4.
The effect of Liv-52 on liver ischemia reperfusion damage in rats
Authors: Cimen Orhan , Eken Hüseyin , Keskin Cimen Ferda , Cekic Arif Burak , Kurt Nezahat , Ozbek Bilgin Asli , Suleyman Bahadir , Suleyman Halis , Mammadov Renad , Pehlivanoglu Kamil , Kurnaz Eray 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage which is frequently seen in clinical hepatobiliary surgeries has no effective treatment for it. Liv-52, known to have hepatoprotective effects, is a natural antioxidant drug licensed by the Ministry of Health of India. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of Liv-52 on liver damage induced by I/R in rats.

Methods
Albino Wistar male rats were divided into three groups; liver I/R (IR), 20 mg/kg Liv-52 + liver ischemia reperfusion (LIR) and sham operation applied to control group (HG). Liv-52 was administered to the LIR group (n = 6) 1 h prior to I/R application and distilled water was given orally to IR (n = 6) and HG (n = 6) groups as a solvent. Ischemia was determined as 1 h, and reperfusion was identified as 6 h in animals.

Results
Increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, and glutathione related enzymes caused by I/R application have been converged to healthy group level with Liv-52 treatment and the damage in liver tissue has been improved histopathologically.

Conclusions
Liv-52 may be beneficial for preventing liver I/R damage in pre-surgery application.
New perspective on Jun glaze corrosion: study on the corrosion of light greenish blue and reddish purple glazes from Juntai Kiln, Yuzhou, Henan, China
Authors: Li Zhimin , Ma Ying , Ma Qinglin , Chen Jiachang , Song Yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ancient Chinese Jun Porcelain has of typical high fired calcium silicate glaze. After observation of Jun porcelain shards excavated from Juntai Kiln in Yuzhou, Henan Province, China, two pieces with light greenish blue glaze and reddish purple glaze are selected for study as special corrosion samples buried in soil environment. Taking the corrosion of each phase of the overall glaze into consideration, the chemistry compositional and morphological structural features of the earthworm-walking patterns and their surrounding white area (corroded zone) in the glazes are compared and studied with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and electron microprobe (EPMA): during the firing of Jun Porcelain, the dendritic and columnar crystals coming out of the glaze and mostly in surrounding corroded areas are identified as wollastonite (CaSiO3), which provides active sites for localized corrosion. The wollastonite crystalline phases have preferential corrosion initiated by pitting corrosion relative to glassy phase, leaving dendritic or columnar pits and craters to dissolve into calcium ions and silicic acid and losing into the burial environment. Some calcium ions in the surface pits react with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the soil to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated on the surface of the glazes. The cracks formed during the cooling process and the interconnected craters caused by crystals dissolution can provide channels to facilitate the progression of the corrosion. This research is of great significance to the study of the corrosion mechanism of ancient porcelain and the conservation of its cultural relics. It has changed the traditional view that porcelain is corrosion-resistant. At the same time, the study of the corrosion process and characteristics of ancient porcelain can provide reference for modern ceramic research and corrosion protection.
Preparation of injectable hydrogel with near-infrared light response and photo-controlled drug release
Authors: Zhao Jianbo , Liang Xingxing , Cao Hui , Tan Tianwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhoto-controlled release hydrogel provides a new strategy for treating tumours. Under the stimulation of external light sources, the ability to release the entrapped drug on time and space on demand has outstanding advantages in improving drug utilisation, optimising treatment, and reducing toxicity and side effects. In this study, a photo-controlled drug delivery system for disulphide cross-linked polyaspartic acid (PASP-SS) hydrogels encapsulating proteinase K (ProK) adsorbed with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) was designed. The injectable cysteamine-modified polyaspartic acid (PASP-SH) sol and PtNPs adsorbed by ProK (ProK-PtNPs) as regulatory factors were prepared. Then, ProK-PtNPs and lentinan were dissolved in the sol, and the oxidant was added to the matrix to form the gel in situ quickly after injection. Finally, the degradation of PASP-SS hydrogel by ProK and the controllability of drug release under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation were elucidated. In vitro degradation of hydrogels and drug release experiments showed that the degradation rate of PASP-SS hydrogel significantly increased and the drug release rate increased significantly under near-infrared radiation. The results of cytotoxicity test showed that PASP-SS, ProK-PtNPs, and lentinan all had more than 90% cell survival rate on NIH3T3, and the lentinan released from the carrier obviously inhibited the proliferation of MCF7. PASP hydrogel has the potential to respond to on-demand light control.
Effect of frankincense oil on the neurochemical changes induced in rat model of status epilepticus
Authors: Hosny Eman N. , Elhadidy Mohamed E. , Sawie Hussein G. , Kilany Ayman , Khadrawy Yasser A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The current objective is to evaluate the effect of frankincense oil on the convulsions and the associated neurochemical alterations produced in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rat model.

Methods
Rats were divided randomly into: control, status epilepticus rat model and rat model of status epilepticus pretreated with frankincense oil daily for 5 days before pilocarpine treatment. On the fifth day, after pilocarpine injection, rats were observed to evaluate the severity of seizures for 2 h. The oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β and acetylcholinesterase were determined in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin were measured in the cortex and striatum.

Results
The status epilepticus model exhibited repetitive seizures in the form of generalized tonic- clonic convulsions after 30 min. of pilocarpine injection. This was associated with a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione in the three regions. A significant increase was also observed in interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and acetylcholinesterase. In the cortex and striatum, a significant decrease was recorded in monoamine levels. Pretreatment of rat model of status epilepticus with frankincense oil decreased the severity of seizures that appeared in the form of tremors and facial automatisms and prevented the increase in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and acetylcholinesterase and the decrease in reduced glutathione induced by pilocarpine in the studied brain regions. Frankincense oil failed to restore the decreased level of cortical serotonin and dopamine. In the striatum, frankincense oil improved the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine but failed to restore the decreased dopamine levels.

Conclusion
It is clear from the present results that frankincense oil reduced the severity of seizures induced by pilocarpine. This could be mediated by its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.