bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new primate from the late Eocene of Vietnam illuminates unexpected strepsirrhine diversity and evolution in Southeast Asia
Authors: Chavasseau Olivier , Chaimanee Yaowalak , Ducrocq Stéphane , Lazzari Vincent , Pha Phan Dong , Rugbumrung Mana , Surault Jérôme , Tuan Dang Minh , Jaeger Jean-Jacques 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSivaladapidae is a poorly known Asian strepsirrhine family originally discovered in Miocene sediments of the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent research has considerably increased the diversity, temporal range, and geographical distribution of this group, now documented from China, Thailand, Myanmar, Pakistan, and India and whose earliest representatives date back to the Middle Eocene. We present here a new taxon of sivaladapid from the Na Duong coal mine in the Latest Middle Eocene-Late Eocene of Vietnam. It represents the first Eocene primate from Vietnam and the first medium-sized mammal recovered from this locality, thus documenting a completely new part of the Na Duong paleobiodiversity. This taxon is the largest sivaladapid ever found with an estimated body weight of 5.3 kg and it represents a new subfamily of sivaladapids in exhibiting a very peculiar combination of dental features yet unknown in the fossil record of the family (e.g., retention of four premolars, high-crowned molars with accentuated bunodonty and extreme crest reduction). Besides documenting a complete new part of sivaladapid evolution, its primitive dental formula and derived features shared with the Early Eocene Asiadapidae reinforce the hypothesis of a basal branching of sivaladapids among strepsirrhines.
A topology-dynamics-based control strategy for multi-dimensional complex networked dynamical systems
Authors: Bahadorian Mohammadreza , Alimohammadi Hamidreza , Mozaffari Tahereh , Tabar Mohammad Reza Rahimi , Peinke Joachim , Lehnertz Klaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComplex systems are omnipresent and play a vital role in in our every-day lives. Adverse behavior of such systems has generated considerable interest in being able to control complex systems modeled as networks. Here, we propose a topology-dynamics-based approach for controlling complex systems modeled as networks of coupled multi-dimensional dynamical entities. For given dynamics and topology, we introduce an efficient scheme to identify in polynomial time a finite set of driver nodes, which – when endowed with the control function – steer the network to the desired behavior. We demonstrate the high suitability of our approach by controlling various networked multi-dimensional dynamics, coupled onto different topologies.
Topography of emotional valence and arousal within the motor part of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Serranová Tereza , Sieger Tomáš , Růžička Filip , Bakštein Eduard , Dušek Petr , Vostatek Pavel , Novák Daniel , Růžička Evžen , Urgošík Dušan , Jech Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClinical motor and non-motor effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) seem to depend on the stimulation site within the STN. We analysed the effects of the position of the stimulation electrode within the motor STN on subjective emotional experience, expressed as emotional valence and arousal ratings to pictures representing primary rewards and aversive fearful stimuli in 20 PD patients. Patients’ ratings from both aversive and erotic stimuli matched the mean ratings from a group of 20 control subjects at similar position within the STN. Patients with electrodes located more posteriorly reported both valence and arousal ratings from both the rewarding and aversive pictures as more extreme. Moreover, posterior electrode positions were associated with a higher occurrence of depression at a long-term follow-up. This brain–behavior relationship suggests a complex emotion topography in the motor part of the STN. Both valence and arousal representations overlapped and were uniformly arranged anterior-posteriorly in a gradient-like manner, suggesting a specific spatial organization needed for the coding of the motivational salience of the stimuli. This finding is relevant for our understanding of neuropsychiatric side effects in STN DBS and potentially for optimal electrode placement.
Determining the effect of exogenous organic materials on spatial distribution of maize yield
Authors: Usowicz Bogusław , Lipiec Jerzy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKnowledge on spatial distribution of crop yield in relation to fixed soil fertilisation with exogenous organic materials is essential for improving precise crop and soil management practices within a field. This study assessed the effect of various application rates and types of exogenous (recycled) organic materials (EOMs) containing different organic matter and nitrogen contents vs. mineral nitrogen on the yield of maize by means of linear regressions (trends), spatial kriging-interpolated maps, and Bland-Altman statistics. The experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on two soils, i.e. loam silt in Braszowice (Poland) and clay silt loam in Pusté Jakartice (Czech Republic) under a cross-border cooperation project. The organic materials included compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag), industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra), animal meal from animal by-products (Mb), and digestate from a biogas fries factory (Dg). The following 3 application rates of each EOM were adjusted according to the reference 100% = 200 kg N ha−1: 50 (50% N from EOM and 50% mineral N), 75 (75% N from EOM and 25% mineral N), and 100 (100% N from EOM). 100% mineral N was applied on control plots. All treatments were carried out in 4 replicates. The linear regressions between the EOM application rates and the maize yield were in general ascending in the Braszowice soil and descending in the more productive Pusté Jakartice soil. The spatial kriging-interpolated maps allowed separating zones of lower and higher yields with EOMs compared to the control. They were attributed in part to the different EOM application rates and soil water contents. The Bland-Altaman statistics showed that addition of 50% of N from EOMs in 2013 caused a decrease and an increase in the maize grain yield in Braszowice and Pusté Jakartice, respectively, whereas the inverse was true with the 75 and 100% EOM additions. In 2014, the yield of maize for silage increased with the increasing EOM application rate in Braszowice and decreased in Pusté Jakartice, but it was smaller on all EOM-amended plots than in the control. As shown by the limits of agreement lines, the maize yields were more even in Pusté Jakartice than Braszowice. These results provide helpful information for selection of the most yield-producing EOM rates depending on the site soil conditions and prevalent weather conditions.
Distribution, Interaction and Functional Profiles of Epiphytic Bacterial Communities from the Rocky Intertidal Seaweeds, South Africa
Authors: Selvarajan Ramganesh , Sibanda Timothy , Venkatachalam Siddarthan , Ogola Henry J. O. , Christopher Obieze Chinedu , Msagati Titus A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterrelations between epiphytic bacteria and macroalgae are multifaceted and complicated, though little is known about the community structure, interaction and functions of those epiphytic bacteria. This study comprehensively characterized the epiphytic bacterial communities associated with eight different common seaweeds collected from a rocky intertidal zone on the Indian Ocean at Cape Vidal, South Africa. High-throughput sequencing analyses indicated that seaweed-associated bacterial communities were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the presence of elemental composition in the surface of examined seaweeds, in varying concentrations. Cluster analysis showed that bacterial communities of brown seaweeds (SW2 and SW4) were closely resembled those of green seaweeds (SW1) and red seaweeds (SW7) while those of brown seaweeds formed a separate branch. Predicted functional capabilities of epiphytic bacteria using PICRUSt analysis revealed abundance of genes related to metabolic and biosynthetic activities. Further important identified functional interactions included genes for bacterial chemotaxis, which could be responsible for the observed association and network of elemental-microbes interaction. The study concludes that the diversity of epiphytic bacteria on seaweed surfaces is greatly influenced by algal organic exudates as well as elemental deposits on their surfaces, which triggers chemotaxis responses from epiphytic bacteria with the requisite genes to metabolise those substrates.
Identification of an AgS2 Complex on Ag(110)
Authors: Spurgeon Peter M. , Liu Da-Jiang , Oh Junepyo , Kim Yousoo , Thiel Patricia A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdsorbed sulfur has been investigated on the Ag(110) surface at two different coverages, 0.02 and 0.25 monolayers. At the lower coverage, only sulfur adatoms are present. At the higher coverage, there are additional bright features which we identify as linear, independent AgS2complexes. This identification is based upon density functional theory (DFT) and its comparison with experimental observations including bias dependence and separation between complexes. DFT also predicts the absence of AgS2complexes at low coverage, and the development of AgS2complexes around a coverage of 0.25 monolayers of sulfur, as is experimentally observed. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an isolated linear sulfur-metal-sulfur complex.
ONECUT2 overexpression promotes RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Ma Qingyang , Wu Kai , Li Hui , Li Huichun , Zhu Yufei , Hu Guohong , Hu Landian , Kong Xiangyin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAberrant differentiation, driven by activation of normally silent tissue-specific genes, results in a switch of cell identity and often leads to cancer progression. The underlying genetic and epigenetic events are largely unexplored. Here, we report ectopic activation of the hepatobiliary-, intestinal- and neural-specific gene one cut homeobox 2 (ONECUT2) in various subtypes of lung cancer. ONECUT2 expression was associated with poor prognosis of RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. ONECUT2 overexpression promoted the malignant growth and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells in vitro, as well as xenograft tumorigenesis and bone metastases of these cells in vivo. Integrative transcriptomics and epigenomics analyses suggested that ONECUT2 promoted the trans-differentiation of lung cancer cells by preferentially targeting and regulating the activity of bivalent chromatin domains through modulating Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) occupancy. Our findings demonstrate that ONECUT2 is a lineage-specific and context-dependent oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma and suggest that ONECUT2 is a potential therapeutic target for these tumors.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients display B-cell dysregulation already in the naïve repertoire consistent with defects in B-cell tolerance
Authors: Wang Yan , Lloyd Katy A. , Melas Ioannis , Zhou Diana , Thyagarajan Radha , Lindqvist Joakim , Hansson Monika , Svärd Anna , Mathsson-Alm Linda , Kastbom Alf , Lundberg Karin , Klareskog Lars , Catrina Anca I. , Rapecki Stephen , Malmström Vivianne , Grönwall Caroline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractB cells are postulated to be central in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we use exploratory mass cytometry (n = 23) and next-generation sequencing (n = 19) to study B-cell repertoire shifts in RA patients. Expression of several B-cell markers were significantly different in ACPA+ RA compared to healthy controls, including an increase in HLA-DR across subsets, CD22 in clusters of IgM+ B cells and CD11c in IgA+ memory. Moreover, both IgA+ and IgG+ double negative (IgD− CD27−) CD11c+ B cells were increased in ACPA+ RA, and there was a trend for elevation in a CXCR5/CCR6high transitional B-cell cluster. In the RA BCR repertoire, there were significant differences in subclass distribution and, notably, the frequency of VH with low somatic hypermutation (SHM) was strikingly higher, especially in IgG1 (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, both ACPA+ and ACPA− RA patients had significantly higher total serum IgA and IgM compared to controls, based on serology of larger cohorts (n = 3494 IgA; n = 397 IgM). The observed elevated Ig-levels, distortion in IgM+ B cells, increase in double negative B cells, change in B-cell markers, and elevation of unmutated IgG+ B cells suggests defects in B-cell tolerance in RA. This may represent an underlying cause of increased polyreactivity and autoimmunity in RA.
Wind Power Persistence Characterized by Superstatistics
Authors: Weber Juliane , Reyers Mark , Beck Christian , Timme Marc , Pinto Joaquim G. , Witthaut Dirk , Schäfer Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMitigating climate change demands a transition towards renewable electricity generation, with wind power being a particularly promising technology. Long periods either of high or of low wind therefore essentially define the necessary amount of storage to balance the power system. While the general statistics of wind velocities have been studied extensively, persistence (waiting) time statistics of wind is far from well understood. Here, we investigate the statistics of both high- and low-wind persistence. We find heavy tails and explain them as a superposition of different wind conditions, requiringq-exponential distributions instead of exponential distributions. Persistent wind conditions are not necessarily caused by stationary atmospheric circulation patterns nor by recurring individual weather types but may emerge as a combination of multiple weather types and circulation patterns. This also leads to Fréchet instead of Gumbel extreme value statistics. Understanding wind persistence statistically and synoptically may help to ensure a reliable and economically feasible future energy system, which uses a high share of wind generation.
Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura)
Authors: Morrow Kristen S. , Glanz Hunter , Ngakan Putu Oka , Riley Erin P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman-wildlife encounters are becoming increasingly frequent across the globe, often leading people to interact with and feed wild animals and impacting animal behaviour and ecology. Although the nature of human-wildlife interactions has been well documented across a number of species, we still have limited understanding as to why some individual animals interact more frequently with humans than others. Additionally, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how these interactions influence animal social networks. Using behavioural data from a group of moor macaque monkeys (Macaca maura), we used permutation-based linear regression analyses to understand how life history and social network factors jointly explain interindividual variation in tendency to interact with humans along a provincial road in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. As our study group spent only a portion of their time in proximity to humans, we also examined how social network structure changes in response to human presence by comparing social networks in the forest to those along the road. We found that sex, individual network position, and associate network position interact in complex ways to influence individual behaviour. Individual variation in tendency to be along the road caused social networks to become less cohesive when in proximity to humans. This study demonstrates that nuanced intragroup analyses are necessary to fully understand and address conservation issues relating to human-wildlife interactions.
Sol-gel synthesis of α-Al2O3 with enhanced porosity via dicarboxylic acid templating
Authors: Carstens Simon , Splith Christian , Enke Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the major routes to synthesize macroporous α-Al2O3 is the sol-gel process in presence of templates. Templates include polymers as well as carboxylic acids, such as citric acid. By careful choice of the template, pore diameters can be adjusted between 110 nm and several µm. We report the successful establishment of plain short-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCA) as porogenes in the sol-gel synthesis of macroporous α-Al2O3. By this extension of the recently developed synthesis route, a very precise control of pore diameters is achieved, in addition to enhanced macropore volumes in α-Al2O3. The formation mechanism thereof is closely related to the one postulated for citric acid, as thermal analyses show. However, since branching in the DCA-linked alumina nuclei is not possible, close monomodal pore width distributions are attained, which are accompanied by enhanced pore volumes. This is a significant improvement in terms of controlled enhanced porosity in the synthesis of macroporous α-Al2O3.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates of the Beijing and East-African Indian lineage induce fundamentally different host responses in mice compared to H37Rv
Authors: Mourik Bas C. , de Steenwinkel Jurriaan E. M. , de Knegt Gerjo J. , Huizinga Ruth , Verbon Annelies , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , van Soolingen Dick , Leenen Pieter J. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSubstantial differences exist in virulence amongMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains in preclinical TB models. In this study we show how virulence affects host responses in mice during the first four weeks of infection with a mycobacterial strain belonging to the Beijing, East-African-Indian or Euro-American lineage. BALB/c mice were infected with clinical isolates of the Beijing-1585 strain or the East-African Indian (EAI)-1627 strain and host responses were compared to mice infected with the non-clinical H37Rv strain of the Euro-American lineage. We found that H37Rv induced a ‘classical’ T-cell influx with high IFN-γ levels, while Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627 induced an influx of B-cells into the lungs together with elevated pulmonary IL-4 protein levels. Myeloid cells in the lungs appeared functionally impaired upon infection with Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627 with reduced iNOS and IL-12 expression levels compared to H37Rv infection. This impairment might be related to significantly reduced expression in the bone marrow of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IFN-β in mice infected with Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627, which could be detected from the third day post infection onwards. Our findings suggest that increased virulence of two clinical isolates compared to H37Rv is associated with a fundamentally different systemic immune response, which already can be detected early during infection.
β-catenin signaling inhibitors ICG-001 and C-82 improve fibrosis in preclinical models of endometriosis
Authors: Hirakawa Tomoko , Nasu Kaei , Miyabe Saori , Kouji Hiroyuki , Katoh Akira , Uemura Naoto , Narahara Hisashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndometriosis exhibits unique characteristics, such as fibrosis, resistance to apoptosis, and promotion of cell proliferation; however, its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Recurrence rates after treatment are high, and the progression risk continues until menopause; hence, more effective therapy for endometriosis is needed. CREB-binding protein (CBP)/β-catenin signaling inhibitors have demonstrated antifibrogenetic effects in liver, lung, and skin diseases. The present study evaluated the effects of two CBP/β-catenin signaling inhibitors, ICG-001 and C-82, on the progression of endometriosis using endometriotic cyst stromal cells from the ovary and normal endometrial stromal cells from the uterus. ICG-001 was also evaluated in a mouse model. ICG-001 and C-82 inhibited cell proliferation, fibrogenesis, and cell migration, and promoted apoptosis in vitro. ICG-001 inhibited the growth of endometriotic lesions in the mouse model. CBP/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Inhibiting the CBP/β-catenin signal can be a therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Higher-order statistics based multifractal predictability measures for anisotropic turbulence and the theoretical limits of aviation weather forecasting
Authors: Ramanathan Arun , Satyanarayana A. N. V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTheoretical predictability measures of turbulent atmospheric flows are essential in estimating how realistic the current storm-scale strategic forecast skill expectations are. Atmospheric predictability studies in the past have usually neglected intermittency and anisotropy, which are typical features of atmospheric flows, rendering their application to the storm-scale weather regime ineffective. Furthermore, these studies are frequently limited to second-order statistical measures, which do not contain information about the rarer, more severe, and, therefore, more important (from a forecasting and mitigation perspective) weather events. Here we overcome these rather severe limitations by proposing an analytical expression for the theoretical predictability limits of anisotropic multifractal fields based on higher-order autocorrelation functions. The predictability limits are dependent on the order of statistical moment (q) and are smaller for larger q. Since higher-order statistical measures take into account rarer events, such more extreme phenomena are less predictable. While spatial anisotropy of the fields seems to increase their predictability limits (making them larger than the commonly expected eddy turnover times), the ratio of anisotropic to isotropic predictability limits is independent of q. Our results indicate that reliable storm-scale weather forecasting with around 3 to 5 hours lead time is theoretically possible.
Differential immune response modulation in early Leishmania amazonensis infection of BALB/c and C57BL/6 macrophages based on transcriptome profiles
Authors: Aoki Juliana Ide , Muxel Sandra Marcia , Zampieri Ricardo Andrade , Müller Karl Erik , Nerland Audun Helge , Floeter-Winter Lucile Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe fate ofLeishmaniainfection can be strongly influenced by the host genetic background. In this work, we describe gene expression modulation of the immune system based on dual global transcriptome profiles of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected withLeishmania amazonensis. A total of 12,641 host transcripts were identified according to the alignment to theMus musculusgenome. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling revealed a differential modulation of the basal genetic background between the two hosts independent ofL. amazonensisinfection. In addition, in response to earlyL. amazonensisinfection, 10 genes were modulated in infected BALB/cvs. non-infected BALB/c macrophages; and 127 genes were modulated in infected C57BL/6vs. non-infected C57BL/6 macrophages. These modulated genes appeared to be related to the main immune response processes, such as recognition, antigen presentation, costimulation and proliferation. The distinct gene expression was correlated with the susceptibility and resistance to infection of each host. Furthermore, upon comparing the DEGs in BMDMsvs. peritoneal macrophages, we observed no differences in the gene expression patterns ofJun,Fcgr1andIl1b, suggesting a similar activation trends of transcription factor binding, recognition and phagocytosis, as well as the proinflammatory cytokine production in response to earlyL. amazonensisinfection. Analysis of the DEG profile of the parasite revealed only one DEG among the 8,282 transcripts, indicating that parasite gene expression in early infection does not depend on the host genetic background.