bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallancyra gen. nov. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), with an overview of the geographical distribution of chewing lice parasitizing chicken
Authors: Gustafsson Daniel R. , Zou Fasheng 
Published: July 2020

The geographical range of the typically host-specific species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) is often assumed to be similar to that of their hosts. We tested this assumption by reviewing the published records of twelve species of chewing lice parasitizing wild and domestic chicken, one of few bird species that occurs globally. We found that of the twelve species reviewed, eight appear to occur throughout the range of the host. This includes all the species considered to be native to wild chicken, except Oxylipeurus dentatus (Sugimoto, 1934). This species has only been reported from the native range of wild chicken in Southeast Asia and from parts of Central America and the Caribbean, where the host is introduced. Potentially, this discontinuous distribution is due to a low tolerance for dry environments, possibly exacerbated by competitive exclusion by Cuclotogaster heterographus (Nitzsch, 1866). Our examinations of O. dentatus also revealed that this species differs significantly from other species of Oxylipeurus in the male and female genitalia, head structure and chaetotaxy, and other morphological characters. We therefore here erect the monotypic genus Gallancyra gen. nov. for O. dentatus, and redescribe the type species.
Effect of arsenate on germination and early development parameters of three forage leguminous plants
Authors: Alvarez Gonçalvez Cristina V. , Rodriguez Magali , Fernández Cirelli Alicia , Pérez Carrera Alejo Leopoldo 
Published: July 2020

The Chacopampean plain is one of the most arsenic affected areas in Argentina, especially in groundwater, used both for animal drinking and forage irrigation. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of arsenic (As) present in irrigation water on the germination parameters of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds exposed to different concentrations of As(V). The germination and viability parameters of seeds from the three species were not affected by elevated concentrations of As. However, As significantly reduced the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of the three forage specimens. The inhibition level of the plants increased with the increase in the concentration of As. Regarding to hypocotyl length/radicle length ratio, the results evidenced that both the hypocotyl and radicle of clover species are affected in the same degree, while alfalfa radicles seemed more affected than hypocotyls at higher concentrations of As. Our results showed that irrigation with solutions containing As affect seedling growth parameters differently in the three species, and the effect of As is mostly evidenced when in high concentrations.
Goat kids are not small calves: Species comparisons in relation to disbudding
Authors: Hempstead MN , Waas JR , Stewart M , Sutherland MA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLimited scientific literature is available for developing ‘best practice’ guidelines for the management of dairy goats (Capra hircus), particularly goat kids. Disbudding practices for kids and calves appear to be similar; however, it is important to recognise that kids are not small calves. Disbudding causes pain and is performed on calves and kids — welfare concerns surrounding disbudding affect both industries. In this review, we evaluate literature on disbudding of kids and calves and compare methodologies across the two species. In addition, we catalogue behavioural and physiological responses to disbudding and, finally, review alternatives to disbudding (or refinements). Although there may be certain similarities between the response of goat kids and calves to cautery disbudding, it is important to highlight the differences that do exist between the species to reduce the risk of potential detrimental effects (eg brain injury). Cautery disbudding is the most common and efficacious method of disbudding kids and calves; however, kids have thinner skulls and are disbudded at a younger age, which can increase the risk of thermal injury to the brain. Kids and calves show behavioural and physiological responses indicative of pain; however, variability in these responses between studies are likely due to differences in disbudding methodologies, study design and within-species variation. Effective pain mitigation strategies may differ across species; therefore, future research is needed to optimise pain mitigation strategies for kids. Currently, alternatives to cautery disbudding including: (i) selection for polled animals; (ii) managing horned animals; or (iii) the development of novel disbudding methods (eg cryosurgery, clove oil injection) have been deemed unsuitable by the industries as the methods are either impracticable or ineffective. Therefore, if disbudding is to continue, species-appropriate pain mitigation strategies need to be refined. Establishing best practice guidelines for disbudding kids requires managers to recognise that they are not small calves.
Duration of confinement and pen-type affect health-related measures of welfare in lactating sows
Authors: Maschat K , Dolezal M , Leeb C , Heidinger B , Winckler C , Oczak M , Baumgartner J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporary crating is considered as a step towards improved welfare in lactating sows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of confinement period (CP) and farrowing pen-type (PT) on health-related measures. Four hundred and thirteen sows were kept in five PT with four CP each: CP 0-sows were not confined; CP 3-sows were crated postpartum for three days; CP 4- and CP 6-sows were crated from a day prior to expected farrowing until day 4 and 6 postpartum, respectively. Alterations in different body regions were recorded when sows were moved to the pens and in weeks 1, 3 and 4 postpartum. CP 6-sows displayed significantly more lesions on their back than CP 0- and CP 3-sows. Odds ratios of teat lesions were markedly higher in CP 4-sows than in all other CP. Pen-type P (Pro Dromi) resulted in more neck/back/body side injuries, claw horn changes and lame sows compared to all other PT. High odds ratios were also found for neck injuries in PT K (Knick), shoulder sores in PT K and T (Trapez), injured teats in PT F (Flügel) and body side injuries in PT S (SWAP). The types of lesions found in the present study are similar to those reported for crates caused by pen structures. While an overall assessment of pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) production husbandry systems must also take piglet welfare into account, this study showed that keeping confinement periods as short as possible improves sow welfare and systems should be adapted to also cater for the needs of sows.
Evaluation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Antagonists for the Management of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants
Authors: Shiva Bhanothu , Srinivas P. , Khulbe Deepa 
Published: July 2020

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacterial antagonists to suppress fusarium wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato. Among fifty-two bacterial strains isolated from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy tomato roots, five isolates viz. isolate-01, isolate-17, isolate-23, isolate-24 and isolate-32 were found highly inhibitory against mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., in dual cultures. Highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth of pathogen in dual culture was induced by isolate-24 (72.2%) followed by isolate-32 (71.9%). In greenhouse experiments percent disease incidence (PDI) was lower in artificially inoculated tomato plants treated with isolate-32 (7.8%) and isolate-24 (8.9%), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively. These isolates also exhibited significant difference in seed germination percentage under artificial inoculation along with pathogen, highest germination percentage was recorded by isolate-32 (91%) followed by isolate-24 (89%) as compared to pathogen inoculated control (24%). The study concluded that the two native rhizobacteria isolated from root zone of healthy tomato plants could successfully protect the tomato plants from the lethal infection by Fusarium sp. while enhancing the germination of the treated plants.
A new protocol for long‐term culture of a specific subpopulation of liver cancer stem cells enriched by cell surface markers
Authors: Zhang Biao , Wang Hai‐Yang , Wang Dong‐Xing , Zeng Quan , Fan Zeng , Xi Jia‐Fei , Nan Xue , He Li‐Juan , Zhou Jun‐Nian , Pei Xue‐Tao , Yue Wen 
Published: July 2020

Liver cancer stem cells (L‐CSCs) are considered to be an important therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study provides a new in vitro long‐term culture model for a specific subpopulation of L‐CSCs enriched by cell surface markers. We combined CD13, CD133 and EpCAM to selectively enrich L‐CSCs, which we then cultured in modified chemically defined medium. The enriched L‐CSCs exhibited enhanced proliferation, self‐renewal and long‐term clonal maintenance ability as compared with non‐CSCs. Compared with wild‐type hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression of stemness surface markers, oncogenes, drug resistance and tumorigenicity in enriched L‐CSCs was significantly increased. In summary, the subpopulation of L‐CSCs still maintains cancer stem cell‐related phenotypes after 14 days of culture.
Tracking control of vertical taking‐off and landing vehicles with parametric uncertainty
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Dony Md Nur‐Adam , Rafat Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis paper considers the position and attitude tracking control of a quadrotor with inertia parameter uncertainty. With the aid of the cascade structure of the dynamics of the system, an immersion and invariance observer is proposed to estimate the unknown mass of the system first. Secondly, a saturation controller is designed for the thrust force. Thirdly, a virtual controller is proposed for the angular velocity of the quadrotor with the aid of a nonlinear transform of the Euler angles. Finally, adaptive and robust controllers are proposed for the torque input of the quadrotor to deal with the unknown inertia moment of the system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Secular change in height and weight of rural school children and youth in west‐central Poland: 1986 to 2016
Authors: Bartkowiak Sylwia , Konarski Jan M. , Strzelczyk Ryszard , Janowski Jarosław , Malina Robert M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate secular changes in the heights and weights of rural school youth in west‐central Poland across decennial surveys of the same communities spanning 1986 and 2016.MethodsHeights and weights of school youth 7 to 15 years in 10 rural communities in the vicinity of the city of Poznań were measured in 1986 (1417 boys, 1326 girls), 1996 (979 boys, 947 girls), 2006 (871 boys, 843 girls), and 2016 (1189 boys, 1105 girls). Descriptive statistics for sex‐specific single year chronological age groups were calculated by survey, while the sample was partitioned into three age groups (7‐9, 10‐12, 13‐15 years) for detailed analysis of changes across surveys using sex‐specific ANCOVA with age and age2 as covariates. Pairwise post hoc comparisons between specific surveys, adjusted for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni), were evaluated.ResultsHeights and weights of rural school youth increased significantly between 1986 and 2016, but estimated secular gains between adjacent surveys were variable and not linear over time.ConclusionSignificant secular changes occurred in the heights and weights of rural school children in the 10 rural communities between 1986 and 2016, but estimated rates of change across sequential decennial surveys were variable. The results were generally consistent with corresponding studies of Polish youth.
Neurocognitive development and capabilities in boys with 49,XXXXY syndrome
Authors: Gropman Andrea L. , Porter Grace F. , Lasutschinkow Patricia C. , Sadeghin Teresa , Tipton Elizabeth S. , Powell Sherida , Samango‐Sprouse Carole A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract49,XXXXY was previously associated with profound to severe intellectual deficits. However, prior research papers on the cognitive profiles of this population were confounded by small samples sizes, wide age spreads, and incomplete histories of testosterone replacement therapy. This study is the first comprehensive, international investigation of the neurocognitive aspects of 49,XXXXY, and the potential effects of biological treatment on this profile. Sixty‐seven boys from infancy to 11 years of age were enrolled in this longitudinal study, with the majority of boys postnatally diagnosed though chromosomal analysis. These boys received a comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation tailored to specific language‐based deficits and cognitive challenges. Results revealed higher neurocognitive capacities, both verbally and nonverbally, than previously reported in this disorder. Infant boys with 49,XXXXY who received early hormonal therapy (EHT) had significantly higher scores on the cognitive domain of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development than untreated infants (p = .013). In addition, treated school‐aged participants had significantly better scaled scores than untreated boys in form completion (p = .042), a task that requires deductive reasoning, on nonverbal testing on the Leiter International Performance Scales. This study indicates greater cognitive capacities with a wide range of abilities in the child with 49,XXXXY, thus warranting further investigation to identify and understand the critical influences on the etiology and the variability of those capacities.
Facile preparation and strong adhesive strength of honeycomb polyurethane films with small pore diameter
Authors: Hong Zhen , Xue Mingshan , Luo Yidan , Yin Zuozhu , Xie Chan , Ou Junfei , Wang Fajun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the continuous development of bionics, such as, geckos and virginia creeper with both superhydrophobic and super‐adhesive, the surface wetting and super‐adhesive properties of various porous materials have attracted extensive attention of the scientific and medical communities. Here, the honeycomb polyurethane (PU) porous films with strong adhesion were successfully prepared by microphase separation method and the effects of growth parameters on their microstructure and adhesive strength to ice were investigated. It was found that a high relative humidity (e.g., 100%) and a low solution concentration (e.g., 2%) facilitated the formation of ordered honeycomb PU porous films, and as‐prepared PU pores with average pore diameter as small as 5 μm are better ordered and more uniform than these in related documents. Although the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of PU porous films increased from the premodification value of 85–130° to more than 160° after surface modification with polydopamine (PDA), the corresponding rolling angle remained approximately constant (180°), indicating that the surface of PU porous films has strong adhesion similar to geckos and virginia creeper. Furthermore, at lower temperature, the PU porous films exhibited the high adhesive strength of 142.13 kPa on ice, which was strongly dependent on the porous microstructures and surface compositions. The improved adhesive behavior to ice of honeycomb PU porous films modified with PDA provides new strategies for surface modification of materials and potential applications in medical domain.
Host‐Guest Complexations Between Pillar[6]arenes and Neutral Pentaerythritol Derivatives
Authors: Han Chengyou , Zhao Dezhi , Dong Shengyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is demonstrated that three kinds of neutral pentaerythritol derivatives possess promising host‐guest complexations with pillar[6]arenes both in solution and in the solid state. The inclusion structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The complexation properties in different solvents were also investigated.
Early optical imaging polarimetry of type I superluminous supernova 2020ank
Authors: Lee Chien‐Hsiu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present imaging polarimetry observations of the recently discovered type I superluminous supernova 2020ank, in order to use (a)symmetry of the ejecta and SN photosphere that manifest themselves in the supernova lights as a probe of its explosion mechanism and investigate the energy sources that power the superluminous supernovae behind the scene. We have obtained linear imaging polarimetry in the optical with the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope. Our observations on March 1, 2020 manifest negligible polarization at 0.6 ± 0.3% level, shortly after the supernova reached its maximum brightness in mid‐February. The low degree of polarization implies that the explosion of SN 2020ank is nearly spherical; this is consistent with results of polarimetric observations of other superluminous supernovae at early epochs.
The Feasibility and Outcomes of Genetic Testing for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders on an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service
Authors: Besterman Aaron D. , Sadik Joshua , Enenbach Michael J. , Quintero‐Rivera Fabiola , DeAntonio Mark , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. 
Published: July 2020

Diagnostic genetic testing is recommended for children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. One approach to improve access to genetic testing is to offer it on the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) service. We provided medical genetics education to CAP fellows and retrospectively compared the genetic testing rates and diagnostic yield pre‐ and post‐education. We compared demographics to similar patients who received testing on other clinical services and assessed rates of outpatient genetics follow‐up post‐discharge. The genetic testing rate on the inpatient CAP service was 1.6% before the educational intervention and 10.7% afterward. Genetic risk factors were identified in 4.3% of inpatients. However, 34.8% had variants of unknown significance. 39.1% of patients who received genetic testing while inpatients were underrepresented minorities, compared to 7.7% of inpatients who received genetic testing from other clinical services. 43.5% of patients were lost to outpatient genetics follow‐up. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to provide medical genetics education to CAP fellows on an inpatient service, which may improve genetic testing rates. This preliminary evidence also suggests that genetic testing for inpatients may identify variants of unknown significance instead of well‐known neurodevelopmental disorder risk variants. Genetic testing on an inpatient CAP service may also improve access to genetic services for underrepresented minorities, but assuring outpatient follow‐up can be challenging.Lay SummaryGenetic testing is recommended for children with autism and related developmental conditions. We provided genetic testing to a group of these children who were in a psychiatric hospital by teaching their doctors how it can be helpful. We identified a genetic risk factor in a small percentage of children and a possible genetic risk factor in a large percentage of children. However, many children did not end up receiving their genetic test results once they left the hospital. These results tell us that the psychiatric hospital may be a good place for children with autism and behavioral problems to get genetic testing, but that it is really important that doctors assure follow‐up is feasible for all patients to receive their genetic test results once they leave the hospital. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1450–1464. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering the Gut Microbiome for Treatment of Obesity: A Review of Current Understanding and Progress
Authors: Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Lee Yung Seng , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that is increasing in prevalence despite extensive research and efforts to curb it. Over the last decade, gut microbiome has emerged as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiome profile is altered in obese phenotype and the causative role of microbiome in obesity is demonstrated in fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Herein, recent evidences supporting the role of gut microbiome in obesity and the current therapies designed to engineer gut microbiome for treatment of obesity will be reviewed. The microbial enterotypes associated with obesity is outlined, and the gut microbiota‐driven metabolism and low‐grade inflammation linking gut microbiome and obesity is examined. How the different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as host genetics, mode of childbirth delivery, diet, lifestyle habits and use of antibiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiome in the development of obesity is evaluated. Also, the efficacy of current microbiome‐based therapies in the forms of prebiotics, probiotics and engineered microbes that are used to manipulate gut microbiome in treating obesity is discussed.
Optimization of Single‐Column Batch and Multicolumn Continuous Protein A Chromatography and Performance Comparison Based on Mechanistic Model
Authors: Guo Jing , Jin Mi , Kanani Dharmesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExpensive Protein A chromatography resins drive the need to maximize process productivity as well as resin capacity utilization. To this end, two strategies are explored. The first one is termed “super‐batch,” which utilizes a single short‐bed‐height column with rapid cycling to increase productivity, combined with variable load flow rates to enhance resin capacity utilization. The second one is multicolumn continuous chromatography, which utilizes multiple columns in the load zone to achieve high resin capacity utilization. The general rate model is used to simulate and optimize single‐column super‐batch and multicolumn continuous chromatography. Compared to conventional long‐bed‐height chromatography, both strategies yield productivity enhancements of 2.5‐fold at 1, threefold at 5, and fourfold at 15 g L−1 of feed titer. Using the mechanistic model, the performances of conventional batch, single‐column super‐batch, and multicolumn continuous Protein A chromatography are investigated at a 2000 L scale considering perfusion and fed‐batch cell culture processes. Multicolumn continuous chromatography achieves resin capacity utilization >90%, 16% higher than that of the super‐batch process for a 15 g L−1 cell culture process, and it does not show any meaningful performance improvement compared to the single‐column super‐batch process in a low‐titer perfusion cell culture process.