bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the available evidence for the use of 7‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, with comparison to 3‐T and 1.5‐T MRI: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Radojewski Piotr , Piredda Gian Franco , Bonanno Gabriele , Lövblad Karl‐Olof , Vargas Maria Isabel , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel , Karrer Tanya , Salanti Georgia , Wiest Roland 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a field strength of 7 Tesla (T) has marked a significant milestone in diagnostic imaging since it was approved for clinical use in 2017. Despite the potential to improve image analysis by advances in signal‐to‐noise ratio, and improved spatial resolution and metabolic imaging, the clinical implementation of 7‐T MRI remains limited. Factors that contribute to this limited availability are the high price, the operating costs, the need for specifically educated personnel, and lack of evidence of clinical benefit.MethodsThe aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the evidence of the clinical advantages of 7‐T MRI versus MRI at lower field strengths, complementary imaging modalities, and diagnostic standard approaches for neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase and Web of Science for this review.ResultsWe identified 1966 studies, of which 83 were included in our review. Most studies (73 studies, 88%) examined neurological indications, nine studies (11%) examined musculoskeletal indications, and one study reported on peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Of the neuroimaging indications, cerebrovascular diseases were the most frequently investigated (14 studies), followed by multiple sclerosis (13 studies) and epilepsy (11 studies).ConclusionThe available comparative evidence varied greatly across indications, with the best‐documented evidence being for imaging of epilepsy. Risk of bias overall was high, with limitations in blinding information, study design reporting, and patient recruitment details. The identified evidence gaps underscore the need for comparative research to determine appropriate indications and to understand whether the potential diagnostic advantage of 7‐T MRI translates to a tangible clinical benefit for patients. Future studies should include clinically relevant patient outcomes that go beyond radiological metrics.
Electrical stimulation as an adjunctive therapy for diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lan Xiaodong , Huang Zhenjia , Zheng Yan , Huang Zhiyong , Tang Yong , Zhou Tao , Wang Chao , Ma Yan , Li Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiabetic ulcers are chronic wounds that are notoriously difficult to treat, leading to significant physical and psychological distress and increased healthcare costs. Their multifactorial aetiology necessitates long‐term interdisciplinary collaboration and various complementary treatment measures. While numerous studies suggest that electrical stimulation (ES) positively impacts diabetic ulcer healing, the robustness and consistency of these findings require further evaluation to optimize clinical application. We searched databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ES treatment to placebo or conventional treatment were included. Extracted information included objective healing measures and data for assessing effect sizes. Ten RCTs involving 451 patients met inclusion criteria. ES improved ulcer healing rate compared to control or placebo (MD 20.37, 95% CI: 16.89–23.85, p <0.001) and increased the number of healed ulcers (RR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18–1.78, p <0.001), with both results being statistically significant. The observed benefits are likely due to the positive effects of ES on the vascular and neurological functions of the lower limbs in patients with diabetic ulcers. Both low‐frequency, moderate‐intensity alternating current and low‐intensity or high‐voltage direct current have demonstrated efficacy in promoting ulcer healing. The results suggest ES may be a promising approach of managing diabetic ulcers. However, the optimal method of ES application remains undetermined; therefore, high‐quality and large‐scale studies are essential.
Implementation of the REPRISE care bundle model for the prevention of pressure ulcers in an intensive care unit: An experimental study
Authors: Cor Zeynep , Soysal Ganime Esra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the REPRISE care bundle (CB) model for pressure ulcer (PU) prevention in intensive care patients and to determine the impact of the training provided to nurses on their knowledge base and attitudes. This study has an experimental design. The study was conducted in the anaesthesia and resuscitation intensive care unit on a total of 72 patients. The prevalence of PU was compared between the control group and the REPRISE‐CB group. For the nurses, 50 nurses working in the ICU were included in the study. The nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards PU were compared before and after the training. The data were analysed using a statistical program. The incidence of IW was significantly lower in the intervention group (13.9%) compared to the control group (38.9%) (p < 0.05). The study showed that oedema, low albumin levels, low mean blood pressure and low Braden Scale scores were significant risk factors for the development of PU. In addition, the training provided to nurses was found to significantly improve their knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.05). It was concluded that REPRISE‐CB was effective in the prevention of PU and that nurses' knowledge increased with training.
Risk Prediction Models as an Emerging Trend for Managing Cancer‐Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Yun , Li Linna , Li Xia , Zhang Shu , Zhou Lin , Chen Xiaoli , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo systematically identify, describe and evaluate the existing risk prediction models for cancer‐related fatigue.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesSeven databases (EMBASE, Cochrane Database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI, SinoMed and Wanfang) were conducted from inception to August 14, 2023 and updated in September 15, 2024.Review MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies that reported the development of risk prediction models for cancer‐related fatigue. Two researchers independently performed a comprehensive assessment of the included studies. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability.ResultsEighteen studies were included in this review. These models predicted cancer‐related fatigue in various cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gynaecological tumours and lung cancer. The most commonly included predictors were anxiety and depression, age, chemotherapy status, sleep quality and pain. Thirteen studies assessed the model performance by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Although most models exhibited good predictive performance, a higher risk of bias was observed because of inappropriate handling of missing data methods and an imbalance in events per variable.ConclusionPrediction models show promise for cancer‐related fatigue management and precision care, but few are ready for clinical application due to methodological limitations.Implications for the ProfessionFuture research should focus on improving the clinical utility of cancer‐related fatigue models while balancing predictive accuracy with cost‐effectiveness to promote equitable care.ImpactThis study critically systematically evaluated the prediction models of cancer‐related fatigue. The existing prediction models have a weak methodological foundation, with only a few having the potential to be implemented in clinical practice.Reporting MethodThe review is reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist (TRIPOD‐SRMA).Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
‘It Cuts Both Ways’: A Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholders' Views on the Emerging and Potential Unintended Consequences of Telehealth in Rural Australia
Authors: Osman Sagda , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleTelehealth has been consistently viewed as a viable solution for addressing healthcare inaccessibility and mitigating the impact of health workforce shortages in rural areas. However, despite high utilisation in rural areas, little is known about the unintended consequences of telehealth in terms of unexpected benefits and drawbacks.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the unintended consequences of telehealth in rural Australia.MethodsA qualitative exploratory design was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to examine the views of various stakeholders across Australia. Twenty participants were interviewed across Australia, including six telehealth consumers, six providers, six state government representatives and two primary health network representatives.ResultsFindings on the unintended consequences of telehealth fell under three overarching themes with both reported unexpected benefits and drawbacks across each theme: (1) person‐centred healthcare, (2) safety and quality of healthcare and (3) sustainability of rural healthcare. Under these themes, nine sub‐themes were identified.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the unintended consequences of telehealth. While telehealth has improved certain aspects of healthcare in rural areas such as the improved support for rural clinicians and the reduced disruption to patients' daily routines, it has also introduced unforeseen challenges such as the transfer of medicolegal burden to local clinicians in rural emergency care facilities to compensate for the absence of physical examinations. These findings feed into decision‐making useful for informing and improving telehealth implementation in rural Australia to maximise unexpected benefits, minimise risks, and ensure the long‐term viability of telehealth services.
Transcriptomic profiling of gill biopsies to define predictive markers for seawater survival in farmed Atlantic salmon
Authors: Grønvold Lars , van Dalum Mattis J. , Striberny Anja , Manousi Domniki , Ytrestøyl Trine , Mørkøre Turid , Boison Solomon , Gjerde Bjarne , Jørgensen Even , Sandve Simen R. , Hazlerigg David G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWild Atlantic salmon migrate to sea following completion of a developmental process known as parr‐smolt transformation (PST), which establishes a seawater (SW) tolerant phenotype. Effective imitation of this aspect of anadromous life history is a crucial aspect of commercial salmon production, with current industry practice being marred by significant losses during transition from the freshwater (FW) to SW phase of production. The natural photoperiodic control of PST can be mimicked by exposing farmed juvenile fish to a reduced duration photoperiod for at least 6 weeks before increasing the photoperiod in the last 1–2 months before SW transfer. While it is known that variations in this general protocol affect subsequent SW performance, there is no uniformly accepted industry standard; moreover, reliable prediction of SW performance from fish attributes in the FW phase remains a major challenge. Here we describe an experiment in which we took gill biopsies 1 week prior to SW transfer from 3000 individually tagged fish raised on three different photoperiod regimes during the FW phase. Biopsies were subjected to RNA profiling by Illumina sequencing, while individual fish growth and survival was monitored over 300 days in a SW cage environment, run as a common garden experiment. Using a random forest machine learning algorithm, we developed gene expression‐based predictive models for initial survival and stunted growth in SW. Stunted growth phenotypes could not be predicted based on gill transcriptomes, but survival the first 40 days in SW could be predicted with moderate accuracy. While several previously identified marker genes contribute to this model, a surprisingly low weighting is ascribed to sodium potassium ATPase subunit genes, contradicting advocacy for their use as SW readiness markers. However, genes with photoperiod‐history sensitive regulation were highly enriched among the genes with highest importance in the prediction model. This work opens new avenues for understanding and exploiting developmental changes in gill physiology during smolt development.
Do people rely more on habits when sleepy? An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: McLaurin Theresa , Gardner Benjamin , Shriane Alexandra E. , Rebar Amanda L. , Vincent Grace E. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryWhen self‐regulatory resources are depleted, people tend to act more on “autopilot”, with minimal forethought. It follows that when sleepy, people should be more likely to act habitually, based on learned cue–behaviour associations that trigger behaviour automatically when the cue is encountered. This ecological momentary assessment study investigated whether, over the course of a week, between‐person differences and momentary within‐person variation in daytime sleepiness were associated with the reported habit strength of behaviours. Participants (N = 105, 71% female, M age = 35 years) completed a baseline assessment of sleep quality and, six times daily over 7 days, momentary assessments in which they reported the habit strength of the behaviour they were doing when prompted and their momentary sleepiness. Multilevel modelling revealed that people who were more sleepy than others were not more or less likely to act habitually, but on occasions when people were more sleepy than was typical for them, the behaviour they were engaging in tended to be more habitual (Pseudo‐R2 = 2%). Our results suggest that sleepiness causes people to rely on non‐reflective processes such as habit to regulate their behaviour. Interventions should promote habit formation for desirable behaviours so that when people are sleepy, they can rely on the efficiency of habits to ensure they continue to enact wanted behaviours. Conversely, interventions promoting behaviours that require deliberative thought might encourage performance during times of day when people are more alert.
The Practicality of Quality Assessment Metrics for Millimetre‐Scale Digital Image Correlation Speckle Patterns
Authors: Gagnon Émélie , Day Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDigital image correlation (DIC), often used in multidisciplinary applications by nonexperts, relies heavily on the quality of a speckle pattern for accurate deformation tracking. Numerous metrics have been developed to assess speckle pattern quality and guide decision‐making in DIC postprocessing. This investigation considered the applicability of these metrics in the selection of an optimal speckling method for two‐dimensional DIC strain measurements, using the standard Brazilian tensile strength rock mechanics laboratory test as a case study. Four speckle patterning methods—spray paint, airbrush, stamp and laser engraving—were optimized to produce patterns of good visual quality for this specific DIC setup. Twenty specimens, five for each method, were prepared, and their speckle patterns were analysed using 10 published metrics. Each pattern was also deformed numerically to quantify the associated systematic and random errors. Overall, none of the 10 metrics demonstrated substantial agreement with the numerical experiment errors due to their failure to account for the confounding influence of pattern characteristics. Consequently, these tools are limited in their usefulness to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of speckle patterns with similar characteristics. Numerical simulation of pattern deformation is recommended as the most accurate resource for nonexpert DIC users to assess reproducibility and select optimal patterning methods in practical applications.
The fixity of the past, the fixity of the independent and local‐miracle compatibilism
Authors: Law Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Principle of the Fixity of the Past (FP) holds that the past is ‘fixed’ in evaluating what we are free to do, and it is frequently invoked by incompatibilists when arguing that freedom and determinism are incompatible. However, several authors have argued that incompatibilists ought to abandon FP for a different principle, sometimes called the Principle of the Fixity of the Independent (FI). According to this principle, it is not the past in its entirety that is fixed, but only those parts of the past that are independent of our current choices. But a question remains: What about authors who are not friendly to incompatibilism in the first place? Is there any reason to think that compatibilists should also abandon their preferred interpretation of FP for something along the lines of FI? I examine perhaps the most influential version of (classical or leeway) compatibilism, David Lewis's ‘local‐miracle compatibilism’. I argue that although Lewis's version of local‐miracle compatibilism avoids being committed to anything like FI, his version faces a number of objections. Once we revise Lewis's version to avoid these objections, we arrive at a version of local‐miracle compatibilism that is committed to FI, or at least something very close.
Distinct Pro‐Inflammatory Species‐Specific Transcriptional Changes in Human T Cells Following Pig Xenogeneic Stimulation
Authors: Abou‐Daya Khodor I. , Moussawy Mouhamad Al , Kubo Masahiko , Lu Lien , Perez‐Gutierrez Angelica , Ezzelarab Mohamed B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConventional T cell‐directed immunosuppression is the mainstay of standard‐of‐care therapy to prevent graft rejection in clinical organ transplantation. However, it remains ineffective in preventing experimental and clinical organ xenograft rejection. Here, we explored the impact of allogeneic versus xenogeneic antigen stimulation on human T cell responses and gene profile. A comparable proliferative human T cell response was observed in vitro following stimulation with either human or pig cells. Yet, elevated High mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) levels were following xenogeneic but not allogeneic stimulation, suggesting a pro‐inflammatory response. Next, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with allogeneic human, “concordant” xenogeneic monkey, or “discordant” xenogeneic pig, intact cells, or cell lysates. Flow‐sorted CD3+T cells were analyzed for gene expression using NanoString. A distinct pro‐inflammatory gene profile was observed in human CD3+T cells following co‐culture with discordant xenogeneic pig cells, but not concordant xenogeneic monkey cells or allogeneic human cells. Uniquely, stimulation with pig cells induced the expression of the transcription factor NCF4, which promotes inflammasome activation. Pig cell lysate, but not intact pig cells, induced high expression of the DNA‐binding cytokine interleukin‐26 gene. Collectively, these observations highlight the impact of xenogeneic stimulation of human T cells in pig xenograft recipients and concomitant inflammatory responses, which may contribute to immunosuppression‐resistant xenograft rejection. Finally, the impact of genetic engineering of donor pigs on human T cell transcriptomic gene profile is yet to be determined.
Cryptic diversity and historical biogeography of a nurse‐frog species complex (Allobates tinae): Insights on biotic diversification in Brazilian southwestern Amazonia
Authors: Maia Gabriela F. , Ferrão Miquéias , Moraes Leandro J. C. L. , Kaefer Igor L. , Lima Albertina P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmazonia continuously reveals outstanding biotic diversity and endemism, but our comprehension regarding their underlying processes has been impaired by knowledge gaps on cryptic taxonomic diversity. Here, we clarified the diversity and historical biogeography of nurse‐frogs typical from Brazilian Southwestern Amazonia, the Allobates tinae species complex, using fine‐scale population sampling and molecular‐based analyses. Fieldwork was conducted at 23 localities across three major interfluves encompassing two well‐recognized areas of endemism. Fragments of three mitochondrial DNA genes were sequenced and compared through phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses. Based on these results, we estimated the species limits and inferred the historical biogeography. We found seven highly supported clades, which were considered as distinct species according to delimitation analyses. However, only two of these clades are taxonomically described, indicating a nearly threefold underestimation of the complex species richness. Major clades showed pronounced genetic distances, strong spatial structuring, and restricted or absent haplotype sharing. However, genetic structure was not predicted by geographic distance, and strong genetic structure among major clades was evident even at smaller geographical scales lacking evident physical barriers. Biogeographic analysis indicated diversification of the A. tinae complex most likely occurred through dispersals followed by speciations. These events started southward from the Guiana Shield during the Miocene, and were followed by sequential secondary northward dispersals along the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Our results indicate combined roles of historical (landscape dynamism) and ecological (environmental heterogeneity) factors driving biotic diversification in Brazilian Southwestern Amazonia.