bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable design, synthesis and characterization of nanostructured rare earth metal oxides
Authors: Zhou Yunyun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rare earth metal oxide nanomaterials have drawn much attention in recent decades due to their unique properties and promising applications in catalysis, chemical and biological sensing, separation, and optical devices. Because of the strong structure–property correlation, controllable synthesis of nanomaterials with desired properties has long been the most important topic in nanoscience and nanotechnology and still maintains a grand challenge. A variety of methods, involving chemical, physical, and hybrid method, have been developed to precisely control nanomaterials, including size, shape, dimensionality, crystal structure, composition, and homogeneity. These nanostructural parameters play essential roles in determining the final properties of functional nanomaterials. Full understanding of nanomaterial properties through characterization is vital in elucidating the fundamental principles in synthesis and applications. It allows researchers to discover the correlations between the reaction parameters and nanomaterial properties, offers valuable insights in improving synthetic routes, and provokes new design strategies for nanostructures. In application systems, it extrapolates the structure–activity relationship and reaction mechanism and helps to establish quality model for similar reaction processes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview and a practical guide of rare earth oxide nanomaterial design and characterization, with special focus on the well-established synthetic methods and the conventional and advanced analytical techniques. This chapter addresses each synthetic method with its advantages and certain disadvantages, and specifically provides synthetic strategies, typical procedures and features of resulting nanomaterials for the widely-used chemical methods, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol–gel, co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, etc. For the nanomaterial characterization, a practical guide for each technique is addressed, including working principle, applications, materials requirements, experimental design and data analysis. In particular, electron and force microscopy are illuminated for their powerful functions in determining size, shape, and crystal structure, while X-ray based techniques are discussed for crystalline, electronic, and atomic structural determination for oxide nanomaterials. Additionally, the advanced characterization methodologies of synchrotron-based techniques and in situ methods are included. These non-traditional methods become more and more popular because of their capabilities of offering unusual nanostructural information, short experiment time, and in-depth problem solution.
Graphical Abstract:
Application of computational chemistry for adsorption studies on metal–organic frameworks used for carbon capture
Authors: Renita A. Annam , Sivasubramanian V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComputational chemistry is invaluable in calculating macroscopic and microscopic details of systems application in chemical industries which are involved in carbon capture through precombustion, post-combustion and oxy combustion technologies. This review discusses the role of computational chemistry for adsorption studies of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) which can be utilized for carbon capture. Principles of quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics are used to devise the electrostatic charges and isotherm parameters on the MOFs. MOFs for carbon capture which can be compatible and which can withstand the severity in chemical industries can be effectively studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation by selecting appropriate force fields. Since flue gases contain a host of other gases in addition to oxides of carbon, capture by MOFs has to be carefully modelled and the software useful for this study are mentioned in this review. The simulated adsorption isotherms should be compared with experimental adsorption isotherms to validate the study. The adsorption model for carbon dioxide adsorption on MOFs is generally reported to be type I reversible isotherm and the kinetics is in good agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics.Graphical Abstract:Graphical Abstract
Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Isaev Nickolay K. , Stelmashook Elena V. , Genrikhs Elisaveta E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The disruption of homeostasis of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Wilson’s, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The last two pathological conditions of the brain are the most common; moreover, it is possible that TBI is a risk factor for the development of AD. Disruptions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis play an important role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis of both TBI and AD. This review attempts to summarize and systematize the currently available research data on this issue. The neurocytotoxicity of Cu2+ and Zn2+, the synergism of the toxic effect of calcium and Zn2+ ions on the mitochondria of neurons, and the interaction of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with β-amyloid (Abeta) and tau protein are considered.
BOX A-type monopyrrolic heterocycles modified via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Schulze Daniel , Klopfleisch Maurice , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The in vivo oxidation of heme yields bilirubin which is further degraded to the bilirubin oxidation end products (BOXes) that are biologically highly active. To study the mode of action and fate of (Z)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-3-vinyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)acetamide (BOX A), the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction allows to introduce various alkenyl- and aryl-substituents in 3-position of the (Z)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)acetamides (BOX A-type monopyrroles). The influence of these groups on structural and NMR-spectroscopic parameters of the central monopyrrolic system is negligible. Special focus has been given to derivatives with 3-positioned aryl substituents carrying trifluoromethyl groups for future in vivo
19F NMR studies.
NeuroEVs: Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles Generated in the Neural Domain
Authors: Fowler Christie D. 
Published: November 2019

Intercellular communication has recently been shown to occur via transfer of cargo loaded within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Present within all biofluids of the body, EVs can contain various signaling factors, including coding and noncoding RNAs (e.g., mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, snRNA, tRNA, yRNA), DNA, proteins, and enzymes. Multiple types of cells appear to be capable of releasing EVs, including cancer, stem, epithelial, immune, glial, and neuronal cells. However, the functional impact of these circulating signals among neural networks within the brain has been difficult to establish given the complexity of cellular populations involved in release and uptake, as well as inherent limitations of examining a biofluid. In this brief commentary, we provide an analysis of the conceptual and technical considerations that limit our current understanding of signaling mediated by circulating EVs relative to their impact on neural function.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Extracellular Vesicles and Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Andrew F. Hill
Lenvatinib Versus Sorafenib as First-Line Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cost–Utility Analysis
Authors: Kim John J. , McFarlane Thomas , Tully Stephen , Wong William W.L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In a global, phase III, open-label, noninferiority trial (REFLECT), lenvatinib demonstrated noninferiority to sorafenib in overall survival and a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, lenvatinib became the first agent in more than 10 years to receive approval as first-line therapy for unresectable HCC, along with the previously approved sorafenib. The objective of this study was to determine the comparative cost-effectiveness of lenvatinib and sorafenib as a first-line therapy of unresectable HCC.

Materials and Methods
A state-transition model of unresectable HCC was developed in the form of a cost–utility analysis. The model time horizon was 5 years; the efficacy of the model was informed by the REFLECT trial, and costs and utilities were obtained from published literature. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model.

Results
Lenvatinib dominated sorafenib in the base case analysis. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that lenvatinib remains a cost-saving measure in 64.87% of the simulations. However, if the cost of sorafenib was reduced by 57%, lenvatinib would no longer be the dominant strategy.

Conclusion
Lenvatinib offered a similar clinical effectiveness at a lower cost than sorafenib, suggesting that lenvatinib would be a cost-saving alternative in treating unresectable HCC. However, lenvatinib may fail to remain cost-saving if a significantly cheaper generic sorafenib becomes available.
Mutation Variants and Co-Mutations as Genomic Modifiers of Response to Afatinib in HER2-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fang Wenfeng , Zhao Shen , Liang Ying , Yang Yunpeng , Yang Lin , Dong Xiaorong , Zhang Li , Tang Yong , Wang Shoufeng , Yang Yang , Ma Xiaoyan , Wang Minghui , Wang Wenjing , Zhao Songhui , Wang Kai , Gao Song , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutant lung cancer remains an orphan of specific targeted therapy. The variable responses to anti-HER2 therapies in these patients prompt us to examine impact of HER2 variants and co-mutations on responses to anti-HER2 treatments in lung cancer.

Patients and Methods
Patients with stage IV/recurrent HER2-mutant lung cancers identified through next-generation sequencings were recruited from seven hospitals. The study comprised a cohort A to establish the patterns of HER2 variants and co-mutations in lung cancer and a cohort B to assess associations between HER2 variants, co-mutations, and clinical outcomes.

Results
The study included 118 patients (cohort A, n = 86; cohort B, n = 32). Thirty-one HER2 variants and 35 co-mutations were detected. Predominant variants were A775_G776insYVMA (49/118, 42%), G778_P780dup (11/118, 9%), and G776delinsVC (9/118, 8%). TP53 was the most common co-mutation (61/118, 52%). In cohort B, objective response rates with afatinib were 0% (0/14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–26.8%), 40% (4/10, 14.7%–72.6%), and 13% (1/8, 0.7%–53.3%) in group 1 (A775_G776insYVMA, n = 14), group 2 (G778_P780dup, G776delinsVC, n = 10), and group 3 (missense mutation, n = 8), respectively (p = .018). Median progression-free survival in group 1 (1.2 months; 95% CI, 0–2.4) was shorter than those in group 2 (7.6 months, 4.9–10.4; hazard ratio [HR], 0.009; 95% CI, 0.001–0.079; p &lt; .001) and group 3 (3.6 months, 2.6–4.5; HR, 0.184; 95% CI, 0.062–0.552; p = .003). TP53 co-mutations (6.317; 95% CI, 2.180–18.302; p = .001) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activations (19.422; 95% CI, 4.098–92.039; p &lt; .001) conferred additional resistance to afatinib.

Conclusion
G778_P780dup and G776delinsVC derived the greatest benefits from afatinib among HER2 variants. Co-mutation patterns were additional response modifiers. Refining patient population based on patterns of HER2 variants and co-mutations may help improve the efficacy of anti-HER2 treatment in lung cancer.
Clinical and epidemiological data on epilepsy in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Novikova L. B. , Akopian A. P. , Sharapova K. M. 
Published: November 2019

Objective – to conduct a retrospective study on the prevalence of epilepsy and the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) in 2013-2017.Materials and methods. The study was carried out by analyzing the data of annual reports by the neurology services of outpatient and inpatient medical institutions in cities and regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In addition, we used the results of clinical examinations of patients with confirmed epilepsy and the data from the Medical Information and Analytical Center (MIAC).Results. The prevalence of epilepsy in the RB in 2013-2017 was 291.7-325.8 cases per 100 000 population; the incidence of epilepsy was higher in the central and eastern regions of the Republic. The average age of these patients ranged from 30.5±1.3 years to 41.8±0.2 years. The men/ women ratio was 1.1/1.0. The incidence rate of symptomatic epilepsy ranged from 82.6% to 46.5%. Of AED, carbamazepine was used most often (47.4% of patients) followed by valproic acid (up to 32.9%). AED of the new generation (perampanel) were rarely used (2.4%).Discussion. According to the data for 2016, the prevalence of epilepsy (per 100 000 population) in the RB exceeded the average figure for Russia as a whole: 323.4 in the Republic of Bashkortostan and 255.4 in the Russian Federation. Patients of young age (up to 40 years old) prevailed; among those, men took some lead. According to the literature, the gender difference in the prevalence of epilepsy remains minimal. As for the etiology, symptomatic epilepsy was the predominant form, with an increased presence of cryptogenic and idiopathic epilepsy in 2016-17. The “basic” AED were largely used for the treatment. Conclusion. Studying the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of epilepsy is important for the systemic organization of specialized medical care and the improvement of life quality in patients with epilepsy.
Regional Seismic Network Monitoring in the Eastern Intermountain West
Authors: Pankow Kristine L. , Stickney Michael , Ben-Horin Jeri Y. , Litherland Mairi , Payne Suzette , Koper Keith D. , Bilek Susan L. , Bogolub Kyren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Intermountain West (IMW) region is bounded by the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the west and the Great Plains to the east. Tectonically, the region is dominated by active extension and has moderate to high seismic hazard. Both paleoseismic and historical records include M&gt;7 surface-rupturing earthquakes. The region is also the location of frequent moderate-size (M 5–6) earthquakes. In this article, we focus on the eastern IMW and its six regional seismic networks. We document recent and historical seismicity, describe the evolution of the regional networks, and clarify the rationale for sustained and improved seismic monitoring. Although absolute population is relatively low compared with other parts of the country, the IMW is experiencing rapid growth. Beyond population, there is significant seismic risk posed to major transportation and energy corridors, nuclear generation and storage facilities, dams, national laboratories, military bases, and other critical facilities. Despite the relatively high seismic hazard and increasing risk, seismic monitoring varies from excellent to skeletal, with some seismically active regions having minimal seismographic coverage. Clear monitoring needs for the IMW include increased station density, replacement of outdated seismic equipment, and more stable funding.
The (Mythical) M 8.2 Off Coast of Peru Earthquake of 12 December 1908
Authors: Di Giacomo Domenico , Dewey James W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal earthquake catalogs covering the early twentieth century differ in their listings of a large earthquake, or earthquakes, on 12 December 1908. Some catalogs list an M∼7 earthquake originating in northern Myanmar (Burma) at ∼12:55 UTC on that date. Other catalogs do not list the Myanmar origin but list an earthquake with magnitude 8.2 originating in or near Peru at 12:08 UTC on the date. Some catalogs list both origins, but sometimes with additional evidence suggesting that the 1908 M 8.2 Peru origin may be “mythical.” In a review of arrival times of phases reported in seismic bulletins of 1908, conducted specifically to identify data that might be consistent with the sometimes‐cataloged Peru origin, we do not find a coherent set of such data. Many bulletin arrival times reported for 12 December 1908, however, are mutually consistent with the cataloged Myanmar origin. Comparisons of seismograms recorded at the Seismological Observatory of Göttingen in Germany (station GTT) on 12 December 1908 with seismograms obtained on the same instruments for later large earthquakes that are reliably located in Myanmar and Peru, respectively, are consistent with the implication of the bulletin arrival‐time observations. We conclude that a major earthquake did indeed occur in or near northern Myanmar on 12 December 1908 but that there was not on that date a great earthquake near Peru that would correspond to the sometimes‐cataloged M 8.2 Peru origin.
Muebles Hierven” (Poemas de Ruth Patricia Diago)
Authors: Restrepo Botero Mario 
Published: November 2019

En esa inmensa olla negra, como de aquelarre, con los ribetes rojos que le dan fuego y calor, caben muchas cosas que en ese caldo poético en que se cocinan, van ardiendo, hirviendo, soltando esa sustancia que le va dando sabor a las palabras de un sorprendente libro de poemas. Ahí veo cuchillos, escobas, escorpiones, asientos, mesas, gusanos y una gran mancha amarilla con el título: “Los muebles hierven”...
Verte Crecer, es Verme Crecer
Authors: Buelvas Cabrera Emperatriz 
Published: November 2019

Tus ojos pequeñitos me enseñaron que mi amor es infinito cuando aprendiste a caminar entendí lo que era cuidar los pasos de alguien al andar, tus ojos azul ternura siguen siendo una hermosura y tus preguntas inocentes me hicieron buscar respuestas llenas de animales diferentes… Elefantes, dinosaurios y rinocerontes todos hicieron parte de una historia que me aprendí de memoria...
Korelasi dan Analisis Lintas Antara Karakter Agronomi dengan Hasil pada Pinang Emas (Areca catechu L.) [Correlation and Path Analysis Between Agronomy Characters of Pinang Emas (Areca catechu L.) with Yield ]
Authors: Miftahorrachman NFN , Mawardi Sukmawati , Maskromo Ismail 
Published: November 2019

<pre>Pinang Emas is a new high yielding variety of arecanut, is resulted from positive mass selection of arecanuts population in Kota Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi Province. The study was purposing to estimate the correlation between vegetative, generative and fruit component characters to yield of Pinang Emas. The research was conducted in The Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, Indonesia Coconut Palm Research Institue, North Sulwesi, from January to December 2018. Path analysis of 21 characters using formula of Singh and Chaudary. The results of simple correlation analysis produce 25 relationships, most of which are relationships among the fruit component characters and there is no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). The results of a simple correlation analysis resulted in 25 relationships, most of which were relationships between fruit component characters and there was no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). Path analysis of six characters of fruit component showed only character of polar length of unhusked fruit (PPBTS) has direct effect to weight of fruit with value of r= 0.56 and indirect effect of BBBTS through PPBTS caharacter. The benefit of this research is that the character of PPBTS can be used as a selection criterion for the improvement of the production of Pinang Emas.</pre><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Pinang Emas merupakan varietas unggul baru pinang, sebagai hasil seleksi massa positif dari tetua yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter vegetatif, generatif dan komponen buah dengan produksi buah varietas Pinang Emas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Sulawesi Utara, mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2018. Analisa sidik lintas 21 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter jumlah buah per tandan menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Hasil analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan 25 hubungan, sebagian besar adalah hubungan antar karakter komponen buah dan tidak terdapat korelasi dengan jumlah buah per tandan (JBT). Hasil analisis sidik lintas tujuh karakter komponen buah, hanya karakter panjang polar buah tanpa sabut (PPBTS) yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat buah utuh (BBU) dengan nilai r=0.56, dan pengaruh tidak langsung karakter BBBPTS melalui karakter PPBTS. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah karakter PPBTS dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan produksi Pinang Emas.</p><p align="center"> </p><pre> </pre>
Serangga Hama Kedelai dan Musuh Alami di Lahan Pasang Surut Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Indiati Sri Wahyuni 
Published: November 2019

<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan hama merupakan salah satu kendala pengembangan kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Informasi tentang komposisi spesies hama kedelai dan musuh alaminya merupakan kebijakan dasar pengelolaan hama terpadu di suatu lokasi, sehingga survei perlu dilakukan, untuk mengetahui dominasi dan status hama kedelai serta musuh alaminya di lahan pasang surut. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2016 di Kalimantan Selatan. Serangga hama yang ditemukan di lokasi survei sangat tergantung dari umur/fase pertumbuhan tanaman saat dilakukan pencatatan. Komposisi jenis hama kedelai yang ditemukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan adalah kutu kebul (</span><span>Bemisia tabaci </span><span>Gennadius), wereng daun (</span><span>Empoasca kerri </span><span>Pruthi), lalat kacang (</span><span>Ophiomyia phaseoli </span><span>Tryon), ulat grayak (</span><span>Spodoptera litura </span><span>Fabricius), belalang (</span><span>Attractomorpha crenulata</span><span>), perusak polong </span><span>(Piezodorus hybneri </span><span>Gmelin</span><span>, Riptortus linearis </span><span>Fabricius</span><span>, Nezara viridula </span><span>Linnaeus dan </span><span>Etiella zinckenella </span><span>Treitsche)</span><span>, </span><span>dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,655 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,214. Di antara hama-hama tersebut, </span><span>S. litura</span><span>, </span><span>P. hybneri, R. linearis, N. viridula </span><span>dan </span><span>E. zinckenella </span><span>merupakan hama penting di semua lokasi survei. Jenis musuh alami yang banyak ditemukan ada tiga jenis, yaitu </span><span>Oxyopes </span><span>sp., parasitoid dan </span><span>Coccinella </span><span>sp. dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,088 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,415. Pengendalian hama pada tanaman kedelai di lahan pasang surut harus mempertimbangkan hama-hama utama dan musuh alaminya. </span></p></div></div></div><p> </p><p> </p>
Assigning scRNA-seq data to known and de novo cell types using CellAssign
Authors: Zhang Allen W , Campbell Kieran R , Shah Sohrab P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Assigning cells to known or de-novo cell types is an important step in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This protocol outlines how to use the CellAssign R package to accomplish this.