bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional hypoxia drives neuroplasticity and neurogenesis via brain erythropoietin
Authors: Wakhloo Debia , Scharkowski Franziska , Curto Yasmina , Javed Butt Umer , Bansal Vikas , Steixner-Kumar Agnes A. , Wüstefeld Liane , Rajput Ashish , Arinrad Sahab , Zillmann Matthias R. , Seelbach Anna , Hassouna Imam , Schneider Katharina , Qadir Ibrahim Abdul , Werner Hauke B. , Martens Henrik , Miskowiak Kamilla , Wojcik Sonja M. , Bonn Stefan , Nacher Juan , Nave Klaus-Armin , Ehrenreich Hannelore 
Published: March 2020

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO), named after its role in hematopoiesis, is also expressed in mammalian brain. In clinical settings, recombinant EPO treatment has revealed a remarkable improvement of cognition, but underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. Here, we show with a novel line of reporter mice that cognitive challenge induces local/endogenous hypoxia in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, hence enhancing expression of EPO and EPO receptor (EPOR). High-dose EPO administration, amplifying auto/paracrine EPO/EPOR signaling, prompts the emergence of new CA1 neurons and enhanced dendritic spine densities. Single-cell sequencing reveals rapid increase in newly differentiating neurons. Importantly, improved performance on complex running wheels after EPO is imitated by exposure to mild exogenous/inspiratory hypoxia. All these effects depend on neuronal expression of the Epor gene. This suggests a model of neuroplasticity in form of a fundamental regulatory circle, in which neuronal networks—challenged by cognitive tasks—drift into transient hypoxia, thereby triggering neuronal EPO/EPOR expression.
PhlG mediates the conversion of DAPG to MAPG in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24
Authors: Zhao Ming-Min , Lyu Ning , Wang Dong , Wu Xiao-Gang , Zhao Yuan-Zheng , Zhang Li-Qun , Zhou Hong-You 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), produced by the Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24, is active against various soil-borne bacterial and fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases. Biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG is controlled by regulating expression of the phlACBD operon at the post-transcriptional level. The phlG gene is located between the phlF and phlH genes, upstream of the phlACBD biosynthetic operon. Herein, we cloned the phlG gene, generated a phlG deletion mutant, and investigated its regulatory role in 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis. The results showed that deletion of phlG had no effect on the biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG, but it affected conversion of 2,4-DAPG to its precursor monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG). The global regulatory factor encoded by gacS positively regulated expression of phlG, while rsmE negatively regulated its expression. Deleting phlG did not alter the ability of the bacterium to colonise plants or promote plant growth. These results suggest that phlG collaborates with other factors to regulate production of the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG in P. fluorescens 2P24.
Topological dynamics of the 2015 South Korea MERS-CoV spread-on-contact networks
Authors: Yang Chang Hoon , Jung Hyejin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNetwork analysis to examine infectious contact relations provides an important means to uncover the topologies of individual infectious contact networks. This study aims to investigate the spread of diseases among individuals over contact networks by exploring the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea. We present several distinct features of MERS transmission by employing a comprehensive approach in network research to examine both the traced relationship matrix of infected individuals and their bipartite transmission routes among healthcare facilities visited for treatment. The results indicate that a few super-spreaders were more likely to hold certain structural advantages by linking to an exceptional number of other individuals, causing several ongoing transmission events in neighbourhoods without the aid of any intermediary. Thus, the infectious contact network exhibited small-world dynamics characterised by locally clustered contacts exposed to transmission paths via short path lengths. In addition, nosocomial infection analysis shows the pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person-to-person transmission of the disease. Based on the results, we suggest policy implications related to the redesign of prevention and control strategies against the spread of epidemics.
A caloritronics-based Mott neuristor
Authors: del Valle Javier , Salev Pavel , Kalcheim Yoav , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMachine learning imitates the basic features of biological neural networks at a software level. A strong effort is currently being made to mimic neurons and synapses with hardware components, an approach known as neuromorphic computing. While recent advances in resistive switching have provided a path to emulate synapses at the 10 nm scale, a scalable neuron analogue is yet to be found. Here, we show how heat transfer can be utilized to mimic neuron functionalities in Mott nanodevices. We use the Joule heating created by current spikes to trigger the insulator-to-metal transition in a biased VO2 nanogap. We show that thermal dynamics allow the implementation of the basic neuron functionalities: activity, leaky integrate-and-fire, volatility and rate coding. This approach could enable neuromorphic hardware to take full advantage of the rapid advances in memristive synapses, allowing for much denser and complex neural networks.
Organisational Social Influence on Directed Hierarchical Graphs, from Tyranny to Anarchy
Authors: Pilgrim Charlie , Guo Weisi , Johnson Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoordinated human behaviour takes place within a diverse range of social organisational structures, which can be thought of as power structures with “managers” who influence “subordinates”. A change in policy in one part of the organisation can cause cascades throughout the structure, which may or may not be desirable. As organisations change in size, complexity and structure, the system dynamics also change. Here, we consider majority rule dynamics on organisations modelled as hierarchical directed graphs, where the directed edges indicate influence. We utilise a topological measure called the trophic incoherence parameter, q, which effectively gauges the stratification of power structure in an organisation. We show that this measure bounds regimes of behaviour. There is fast consensus at low q (e.g. tyranny), slow consensus at mid q (e.g. democracy), and no consensus at high q (e.g. anarchy). These regimes are investigated analytically, numerically and empirically with diverse case studies in the Roman Army, US Government, and a healthcare organisation. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of the trophic incoherence parameter when considering models of social influence dynamics, with widespread consequences in the design and analysis of organisations.
Conjugated Polymer Controlled Morphology and Charge Transport of Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: He Zhengran , Zhang Ziyang , Bi Sheng , Chen Jihua , Li Dawen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report an effective approach to tune the crystallization, microstructure and charge transport of solution-processed organic semiconductors by blending with a conjugated polymer additive poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). When 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) was used as a model semiconductor material to mix with different amount of P3HT, their intermolecular interactions led to distinctive TIPS pentacene film morphologies, including randomly-oriented crystal ribbons, elongated needles with enhanced long-range order, and grass-like curved microwires with interlinkages. Each type of morphology was found to further correlate to considerably different charge transport and device performance. As compared to pristine TIPS pentacene devices, bottom-gate, top-contact OTFTs with 2% in weight P3HT additive showed a 2-fold and 5-fold improvement of average field-effect mobility and performance consistency (defined as the ratio of average mobility to the standard deviation), respectively. The improvement in transistor electrical performance can be attributed to the combined effect of enhanced crystal orientation and uniformity, as well as increased areal coverage. This work can be applied beyond the particular example demonstrated in this study and to tune the charge transport of other small-molecule organic semiconductors in general.
LncRNA XIST promotes the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via sponging miR-125b-5p to modulate TRIB2
Authors: Liu Chunxiu , Lu Zhenjun , Liu Hui , Zhuang Shenfa , Guo Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST) is an attractive long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) functioning as an indicator of various human tumors, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The present study was conducted to explore a novel regulatory network of lncRNA XIST in LSCC cells.
Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of XIST, miR-125b-5p and TRIB2 in LSCC cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and Transwell assays, separately. The relationship among XIST, miR-125b-5p and tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) was predicted by starBase v2.0 or TargetScan and confirmed by Dual-luciferase reporter assay. The TRIB2 protein expression was quantified by Western blot assay. Murine xenograft model was utilized to validate the role of XIST in vivo.
Results: XIST was notably up-regulated in LSCC tissues and cells, and the high level of XIST was associated with the low survival rate of LSCC patients. XIST knockdown markedly repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of LSCC cells and the effects were antagonized by loss of miR-125b-5p. MiR-125b-5p was a target of XIST in LSCC cells, and it could bind to TRIB2 as well. Moreover, XIST-loss-induced down-regulation of TRIB2 could be significantly reversed by miR-125b-5p knockdown. XIST promoted the growth of LSCC tumor in vivo.
Conclusion: LncRNA XIST promoted the malignance of LSCC cells partly through competitively binding to miR-125b-5p, which in turn increased TRIB2 expression.
Current knowledge and recent advances in understanding metabolism of the model cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803
Authors: Mills Lauren A. , McCormick Alistair J. , Lea-Smith David J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCyanobacteria are key organisms in the global ecosystem, useful models for studying metabolic and physiological processes conserved in photosynthetic organisms, and potential renewable platforms for production of chemicals. Characterizing cyanobacterial metabolism and physiology is key to understanding their role in the environment and unlocking their potential for biotechnology applications. Many aspects of cyanobacterial biology differ from heterotrophic bacteria. For example, most cyanobacteria incorporate a series of internal thylakoid membranes where both oxygenic photosynthesis and respiration occur, while CO2 fixation takes place in specialized compartments termed carboxysomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of our knowledge on cyanobacterial physiology and the pathways in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) involved in biosynthesis of sugar-based metabolites, amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, cofactors, vitamins, isoprenoids, pigments and cell wall components, in addition to the proteins involved in metabolite transport. While some pathways are conserved between model cyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis, and model heterotrophic bacteria like Escherichia coli, many enzymes and/or pathways involved in the biosynthesis of key metabolites in cyanobacteria have not been completely characterized. These include pathways required for biosynthesis of chorismate and membrane lipids, nucleotides, several amino acids, vitamins and cofactors, and isoprenoids such as plastoquinone, carotenoids, and tocopherols. Moreover, our understanding of photorespiration, lipopolysaccharide assembly and transport, and degradation of lipids, sucrose, most vitamins and amino acids, and haem, is incomplete. We discuss tools that may aid our understanding of cyanobacterial metabolism, notably CyanoSource, a barcoded library of targeted Synechocystis mutants, which will significantly accelerate characterization of individual proteins.
A compendium of G-protein–coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure
Authors: Ceddia Ryan P. , Collins Sheila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand–receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.
Prothrombin Is Responsible for the Lupus Cofactor Phenomenon in a Patient with Lupus Anticoagulant/Hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome
Authors: Pengo Vittorio , Zardo Lorena , Cattini Maria Grazia , Bison Elisa , Pontara Elena , Altinier Sara , Cheng Chunyan , Denas Gentian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLupus anticoagulant is a misnomer as it is commonly associated with thromboembolic events. In few cases, the name retains its literal meaning when it characterizes patients with a bleeding disorder. We describe a patient with lupus anticoagulant, hypoprothrombinemia, and major bleeding (lupus anticoagulant/hypoprothrombinemia syndrome). Immunological studies revealed a huge amount of circulating monoclonal immunoglobulin M lambda (IgMλ) antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (14,400 U/mL). Affinity purified monoclonal antibodies (440 U/mL) prolonged the coagulation time of normal plasma by 12.2 seconds (diluted Russell viper venom time) and 25.5 seconds (silica clotting time). The original patient's plasma mixed 1:1 with normal plasma showed a marked prolongation of coagulation times (lupus cofactor) from a ratio of 2.94 to 5.23 in diluted Russel viper venom time and from 2.30 to 3.00 using the silica clotting time. Human prothrombin added to original patient's plasma caused a marked prolongation of coagulation times in diluted Russell viper venom test thus unequivocally explaining the lupus cofactor phenomenon. In conclusion, we have shown that lupus anticoagulant/hypoprothrombinemia syndrome is attributable to monoclonal IgMλ antibodies directed to phosphatidylserine/prothrombin and that prothrombin is the protein responsible for the observed lupus cofactor phenomenon.
A Case of Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with Triple Homozygous Mutation: Review of Literature
Authors: Iezzi Maria Laura , Varriale Gaia , Zagaroli Luca , Lasorella Stefania , Greco Marco , Iapadre Giulia , Verrotti Alberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency represents a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol production due to altered upstream steroid conversions, subclassified as classic and nonclassic forms. The genotype–phenotype correlation is possible in the most frequent case but not in all. Despite in literature many mutations are known, there is the possibility of finding a new genetic pattern in patients with CAH.
Kerosene Poisoning Complicated by Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Sanju Sidaraddi , Tullu Milind S. , Mondkar Shruti , Agrawal Mukesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 6-year-old male child patient was brought to the emergency pediatric room with alleged history of accidental ingestion of approximately 15 mL kerosene oil. The child developed vomiting shortly after the consumption. Chest radiograph taken 6 hours after ingestion did not show any abnormalities. On the second day of hospital stay, the patient started complaining of severe abdominal pain. His serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated significantly, suggesting the development of acute pancreatitis. He was investigated for the other possible causes of acute pancreatitis, which were normal. There is paucity of literature regarding occurrence of acute pancreatitis following kerosene poisoning, both in children, as well as adults, because of its rarity. A high index of suspicion should be kept in mind and a differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis should be considered in cases of acute kerosene poisoning, who complain of pain in abdomen.
Testing the malleability of teachers’ judgments of second language speech
Authors: Taylor Reid Kym , Grantham O’Brien Mary , Trofimovich Pavel , Bajt Allison 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study examined whether a negative social bias can influence how teachers evaluate second language (L2)
speech. Twenty-eight teachers of L2 German from Western Canada – 14 native speakers (NSs) and 14 proficient non-native speakers
(NNSs) – rated recordings of 24 adult L2 learners of German across five speech dimensions (accentedness, comprehensibility,
vowel/consonant accuracy, intonation, flow) using 1,000-point scales. Immediately before rating, half of NS and NNS teachers heard
critical comments about undergraduate German students’ language skills, while the other half heard no biasing comments. Under
negative bias, while the NNS teachers provided favorable evaluations across all five measures, NS teachers followed suit for only
intonation and flow, downgrading L2 speakers’ accentedness, comprehensibility, and vowel/consonant accuracy. Findings call into
question the relative stability of L2 speech ratings and highlight the importance of social context and teacher status as native
versus non-native speakers of the target language in assessments of L2 speaking performance.
Consistency of Bayesian inference with Gaussian process priors in an elliptic inverse problem
Authors: Giordano Matteo , Nickl Richard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForOa bounded domain inRdand a given smooth functiong:O→R, we consider the statistical nonlinear inverse problem of recovering the conductivityf> 0 in the divergence form equation∇⋅(f∇u)=gonO,u=0on∂O,fromNdiscrete noisy point evaluations of the solutionu=ufonO. We study the statistical performance of Bayesian nonparametric procedures based on a flexible class of Gaussian (or hierarchical Gaussian) process priors, whose implementation is feasible by MCMC methods. We show that, as the numberNof measurements increases, the resulting posterior distributions concentrate around the true parameter generating the data, and derive a convergence rateN−λ,λ> 0, for the reconstruction error of the associated posterior means, inL2(O)-distance.
Smartphones and Newton’s first law in escalators and roller coasters
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Your body is not a point particle. The nature and direction of the forces counteracting gravity influence your experience of uniform rectilinear motion—as does your own orientation in relation to the force of gravity. Sensors in smartphones or other devices can capture these forces, and help establish a connection between the personal experience of motion and the textbook description of forces acting on inanimate objects. This work focuses on authentic examples of uniform or nearly uniform rectilinear motion in escalators and roller coasters. Multiple complementary representations of the motion are presented, including photos, graphs of accelerometer, gyroscope and barometer data, mathematical expressions, free-body diagrams and video analysis, including screenshots. The paper aims to inspire teachers to use a larger repertoire with more variation in the examples illustrating uniform rectilinear motion. Analysing these relatively simple motions lays a good foundation for the interpretation of data from more complicated motions.
Chasing the evidence: the influence of data segmentation on estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation
Authors: Panerai Ronney B , Intharakham Kannakorn , Haunton Victoria , Minhas Jatinder S , Llwyd Osian , Lam Manda , Salinet Angela S M , Nogueira Ricardo C , Katsogridakis Emmanuel , Maggio Paola , Robinson Thompson G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective: Transfer function analysis (TFA) of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) requires smoothing of spectral estimates using segmentation of the data (SD). Systematic studies are required to elucidate the potential influence of SD on dCA parameters. Approach: Healthy subjects (HS, n = 237) and acute ischaemic stroke patients (AIS, n = 98) were included. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, transcranial Doppler ultrasound) was recorded supine at rest with continuous arterial blood pressure (BP, Finometer) for a minimum of 5 min. TFA was performed with durations SD = 100, 50 or 25 s and 50% superposition to derive estimates of coherence, gain and phase for the BP–CBFV relationship. The autoregulation index (ARI) was estimated from the CBFV step response. Intrasubject reproducibility was expressed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Main results: In HS, the ARI, coherence, gain, and phase (low frequency) were influenced by SD, but in AIS, phase (very low frequency) and ARI were not affected. ICC was excellent (>0.75) for all parameters, for both HS and AIS. For SD = 100 s, ARI was different between HS and AIS (mean ± sdev: 5.70 ± 1.61 vs 5.1 ± 2.0; p < 0.01) and the significance of this difference was maintained for SD = 50 s and 25 s. Using SD = 100 s as reference, the rate of misclassification, based on a threshold of ARI ⩽ 4, was 6.3% for SD = 50 s and 8.1% for SD = 25 s in HS, with corresponding values of 11.7% and 8.2% in AIS patients, respectively. Significance: Further studies are warranted with SD values lower than the recommended standard of SD = 100 s, to explore possibilities of improving the reproducibility, sensitivity and prognostic value of TFA parameters used as metrics of dCA.
Study on laser irradiation temperature field of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Ding Hua , Guo Yicheng , Wang Zongcheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on Abaqus software, the temperature profiles during laser heating CFRP materials in different fiber directions was investigated in this research. The 3D temperature distribution and temperature history of laminates with different ply directions were analyzed and compared through the homogenous model. It is found that the focusing characteristics of laser causes a large temperature gradient. Meanwhile, the temperature field of CFRP laminate extends toward the direction of fibers because of the large axial thermal conductivity of carbon fibers. The thermal conduction in the thickness direction is poor, so the lower layer will not reach the melting temperature. In order to verify the validity of the model, a real-time temperature field measurement device consisting of thermal imager and thermocouples was built. The results show that the model can effectively simulate the temperature field of composite materials irradiated by laser.