bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to Interpreting Common Laboratory Pathology Tests in Transgender Individuals
Authors: Cheung Ada S , Lim Hui Yin , Cook Teddy , Zwickl Sav , Ginger Ariel , Chiang Cherie , Zajac Jeffrey D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
As the number of transgender (trans) people (including those who are binary and/or nonbinary identified) seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy rises, endocrinologists are increasingly asked to assist with interpretation of laboratory tests. Many common laboratory tests such as hemoglobin, iron studies, cardiac troponin, and creatinine are affected by sex steroids or body size. We seek to provide a summary of the impact of feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy on common laboratory tests and an approach to interpretation.

Cases
Case scenarios discussed include 1) hemoglobin and hematocrit in a nonbinary person undergoing masculinizing hormone therapy; 2) estimation of glomerular filtration rate in a trans woman at risk of contrast-induced nephropathy; 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a trans woman; and 4) chest pain in a trans man with a cardiac troponin concentration between the reported male and female reference ranges.

Conclusions
The influence of exogenous gender-affirming hormone therapy on fat and muscle distribution and other physiological changes determines interpretation of laboratory tests that have sex-specific differences. In addition to affirmative practice to ensure a patient’s name, gender, and pronoun are used appropriately, we propose that once individuals have commenced gender-affirming hormone therapy, the reference range of the affirmed gender be reported (and specified by treating clinicians) except for PSA or cardiac troponin, which are dependent on organ size. While suggestions may be challenging to implement, they also represent an opportunity to lead best practice to improve the quality of care and experiences of healthcare for all trans people.
The Role of Hormone Stimulation in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia Undergoing Surgical Sperm Retrieval
Authors: Tharakan Tharu , Salonia Andrea , Corona Giovanni , Dhillo Waljit , Minhas Suks , Jayasena Channa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonobstructive azoospermia, (NOA) is the most common cause of azoospermia. NOA is characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, testicular failure, and impaired spermatogenesis. The recent development of surgical sperm retrieval techniques such as microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) has, for the first time, allowed some men with NOA to father biological children. It is common practice for endocrine stimulation therapies such as gonadotropins, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and aromatase inhibitors to be used prior to mTESE to increase intratesticular testosterone synthesis with the aim of improving sperm retrieval rates; however, there is currently a paucity of data underpinning their safety and efficacy. We present 2 cases of men with NOA undergoing endocrine stimulation therapy and mTESE. We also discuss the current evidence and controversies associated with the use of hormonal stimulation therapy in couples affected by this severe form of male infertility.
Compartment and cell-type specific hypoxia responses in the developing Drosophila brain
Authors: Baccino-Calace Martin , Prieto Daniel , Cantera Rafael , Egger Boris 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Environmental factors such as the availability of oxygen are instructive cues that regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation. We used a genetically encoded biosensor to monitor the hypoxic state of neural cells in the larval brain of Drosophila. The biosensor reveals brain compartment and cell-type specific levels of hypoxia. The values correlate with differential tracheolation that is observed throughout development between the central brain and the optic lobe. Neural stem cells in both compartments show the strongest hypoxia response while intermediate progenitors, neurons and glial cells reveal weaker responses. We demonstrate that the distance between a cell and the next closest tracheole is a good predictor of the hypoxic state of that cell. Our study indicates that oxygen availability appears to be the major factor controlling the hypoxia response in the developing Drosophila brain and that cell intrinsic and cell-type specific factors contribute to modulate the response in an unexpected manner.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Discovery of potential immune epitopes and peptide vaccine design - a prophylactic strategy against Rift Valley fever virus
Authors: Bhuiyan Maruf Ahmed , Quayum Syeda Tasnim , Ahammad Foysal , Alam Rahat , Samad Abdus , Nain Zulkar 
Published: August 2020

Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging arbovirus infecting both animals and humans. Any form of direct contact with body fluids, blood or tissue of infected animals is the mode of transmission of this pathogen. Despite being an emerging virus, no proper vaccinations are yet available for the public. Our objective is to compose a multiepitope vaccine utilizing immuno-bioinformatics as a strategy against RVFV. Methods: To identify immunodominant epitopes and design a potent vaccine candidate, we applied a series of immunoinformatic approaches with molecular dynamics and immune response simulation frameworks. Results: A glycoprotein with the highest antigenicity was selected and employed for determining promising epitopes. We selected T cell epitopes based on their immunological potencies and cytokine inducing properties, while B cell epitopes were selected based on their antigenic features. Finally, we selected four cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, two helper T-lymphocyte, and three linear B-lymphocyte epitopes that were arranged into a vaccine construct with appropriate adjuvants and linkers. The chimera protein was modeled, refined, and validated prior to docking against toll-like receptor 4. Docking studies suggest strong binding interactions while dynamics simulation revealed the stable nature of the docked complex. Furthermore, the immune simulation showed robust and prolonged immune responses with rapid antigen clearance. Finally, codon optimization and cloning conducted with Escherichia coli K12 suggests high translation efficiency within the host system. Conclusion: We believe that our designed multiepitope vaccine is a promising prophylactic candidate against RVFV pathogenesis.
Stage 2 Registered Report: How subtle linguistic cues prevent unethical behaviors
Authors: Guo Wen , Liu Huanxu , Yang Jingwen , Mo Yuqi , Zhong Can , Yamada Yuki 
Published: August 2020

Background: Differences in descriptions can influence people’s evaluations and behaviors. A previous study by Bryan and colleagues suggested that subtle linguistic differences in ethical reminders can differentially prevent readers’ unethical behavior. The present study tried to replicate the previous finding in the Japanese context (Experiment 1); additionally, we explored the influence of unfamiliar Japanese instruction words that captured participants’ attention (Experiment 2). Methods: In two online experiments, participants were asked to make 10 coin-tosses and report the number of “heads” results, which would indicate the amount of money that they could earn. In Experiment 1, we analyzed the difference in the number of “heads” results as reported by 768 participants under three conditions with different instructions (“Don’t cheat” vs. “Don’t be a cheater” vs. baseline as a control). In Experiment 2, we conducted an extended experiment with an additional task in which more attention was directed toward the text. Results: In Experiment 1, we successfully replicated the results of the original experiment. The results of Experiment 2 showed no evidence that the results in Experiment 1 were influenced by attentional factors. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of the present study supported the hypothesis that self-identity-related words of moral reminder curb unethical behaviors more effectively. Stage 1 report: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20183.4
Radiation ulcer treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and haemoglobin spray: case report and literature review
Authors: Winaikosol Kengkart , Punyavong Pattama , Jenwitheesuk Kamonwan , Surakunprapha Palakorn , Mahakkanukrauh Ajanee 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of a combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and haemoglobin spray in radiation ulcer treatment. Method: We reviewed the available literature and present a case report in which radiation ulcer was treated with a combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and haemoglobin spray. Results: After 30 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (2.4 ATA; 90 minutes each session) and administration of haemoglobin spray, the wounds showed gradual progress towards healing and a good granulating base was achieved. The wounds were closed after two months using a small split thickness skin graft. Conclusion: A combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and haemoglobin spray was effective as a short course of treatment for radiation ulcers.
The effect of COVID-19 on the trauma burden, theatre efficiency and training opportunities in a district general hospital
Authors: Karia Monil , Gupta Vatsal , Zahra Wajiha , Dixon Joeseph , Tayton Edward 
Published: August 2020

Aims The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the UK lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic admissions, operations, training opportunities, and theatre efficiency in a large district general hospital. Methods The number of patients referred to the orthopaedic team between 1 April 2020 and 30 April 2020 were collected. Other data collected included patient demographics, number of admissions, number and type of operations performed, and seniority of primary surgeon. Theatre time was collected consisting of anaesthetic time, surgical time, time to leave theatre, and turnaround time. Data were compared to the same period in 2019. Results There was a significant increase in median age of admitted patients during lockdown (70.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 46.25 to 84) vs 57 (IQR 27 to 79.75); p = 0.017) with a 26% decrease in referrals from 303 to 224 patients and 37% decrease in admissions from 177 to 112 patients, with a significantly higher proportion of hip fracture admissions (33% (n = 37) vs 19% (n = 34); p = 0.011). Paediatric admissions decreased by 72% from 32 to nine patients making up 8% of admissions during lockdown compared to 18.1% the preceding year (p = 0.002) with 66.7% reduction in paediatric operations, from 18 to 6. There was a significant increase in median turnaround time (13 minutes (IQR 12 to 33) vs 60 minutes (IQR 41 to 71); p < 0.001) although there was no significant difference in the anaesthetic time or surgical time. There was a 38% (61 vs 38) decrease in trainee-led operations. Discussion The lockdown resulted in large decreases in referrals and admissions. Despite this, hip fracture admissions were unaffected and should remain a priority for trauma service planning in future lockdowns. As plans to resume normal elective and trauma services begin, hospitals should focus on minimising theatre turnaround time to maximize theatre efficiency while prioritizing training opportunities. Clinical relevance Lockdown has resulted in decreases in the trauma burden although hip fractures remain unaffected requiring priority Theatre turnaround times and training opportunities are affected and should be optimised prior to the resumption of normal services. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-8:494–499.
Lymph node ratio as a prognostic marker of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort study
Authors: Iftikhar H , Rozi S , Zahid N , Awan MS , Nathani KR 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic indicator and is well established in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Based on the current staging system, accurate risk stratification is difficult. There is thus a need to evaluate an alternate method for predicting recurrence and survival. The objective of the study was to evaluate lymph node ratio as a prognostic marker as compared with N-staging for tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 56 patients with a lymph node ratio greater than 0.012 (exposed) and 74 patients with a lymph node ratio less than 0.012 (unexposed). Overall five-year survival and disease-free survival were assessed. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse lymph node ratio as a predictor of outcome, together with other covariates. Results A total of 130 patients were included in the study. Patients with lymph node ratio greater than 0.012 had a poor overall five-year (mean survival time 52.1 months vs 38.1 months) and disease-free survival (mean survival time 53.6 months vs 39.2 months). The hazard of death among patients with a lymph node ratio greater than 0.012 was 3.24 times higher than the hazard of death among patients with a lymph node ratio less than 0.012 (95% confidence interval 1.82–5.77). Discussion Lymph node ratio is a superior prognostic marker compared with the currently used American Joint Committee on Cancer N-staging. Our findings also suggest that the margin status (involved) of the primary tumour resection adversely affects prognosis.
Switchable broadband metamaterial absorber/reflector based on vanadium dioxide rings
Authors: Cao BinZhao , Li YuRong , Liu Xin , Fei HongMing , Zhang MingDa , Yang YiBiao 
Published: August 2020

A new broadband tunable metamaterial absorber based on different radii of vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) rings loaded on the dielectric layer is designed. According to the insulator-to-metal phase transition characteristics of

V
O

2

under thermal excitation, the dynamic adjustment of the absorption by the external temperature is achieved. The simulation results demonstrate that when

V
O

2

is in its metal phase at high temperature, an absorption greater than 90% in the bandwidth range of 2.64–7 THz can be obtained and its relative bandwidth is reached to 90.5%. However, the absorption rate in the same frequency range is always lower than 2.3% when

V
O

2

is in the insulator phase at low temperature, which means that the absorber can be used as a perfect reflector. The maximum tunable range of the proposed absorber can be realized from below 2.3% to nearly 100%. We further analyze and discuss the equivalent impedance and electric field distribution of the absorber and clarify the adjustment mechanism of the absorption performance of the

V
O

2

ring. In addition, a multireflection interference theory is also investigated to quantitatively explain the physical absorption mechanism. Such a tunable broadband absorber based on temperature control has great potential to be applied to sensors, thermophotovoltaics, and wireless communication.
Virtual brightfield and fluorescence staining for Fourier ptychography via unsupervised deep learning
Authors: Wang Ruihai , Song Pengming , Jiang Shaowei , Yan Chenggang , Zhu Jiakai , Guo Chengfei , Bian Zichao , Wang Tianbo , Zheng Guoan 
Published: August 2020

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a computational approach geared towards creating high-resolution and large field-of-view images without mechanical scanning. Acquiring color images of histology slides often requires sequential acquisitions with red, green, and blue illuminations. The color reconstructions often suffer from coherent artifacts that are not presented in regular incoherent microscopy images. As a result, it remains a challenge to employ FPM for digital pathology applications, where resolution and color accuracy are of critical importance. Here we report a deep learning approach for performing unsupervised image-to-image translation of FPM reconstructions. A cycle-consistent adversarial network with multiscale structure similarity loss is trained to perform virtual brightfield and fluorescence staining of the recovered FPM images. In the training stage, we feed the network with two sets of unpaired images: (1) monochromatic FPM recovery and (2) color or fluorescence images captured using a regular microscope. In the inference stage, the network takes the FPM input and outputs a virtually stained image with reduced coherent artifacts and improved image quality. We test the approach on various samples with different staining protocols. High-quality color and fluorescence reconstructions validate its effectiveness.
High-speed label-free ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy for histology-like imaging of unprocessed biological tissues
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Kang Lei , Zhang Yan , Wong Terence T. W. 
Published: August 2020

Ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy (UV-PAM) has recently been demonstrated as a potential imaging tool for surgical margin analysis (SMA). UV-PAM does not require staining or micrometer-thick slicing, which is inevitable in conventional histological imaging. To promote UV-PAM as a practical intraoperative diagnostic tool, the imaging speed should be improved while preserving the high-resolution imaging capability and simplistic system design. In this Letter, we developed a galvanometer mirror-based UV-PAM (GM-UV-PAM) system for high-speed histology-like imaging. By using a UV laser with a high repetition rate (55 kHz) and a one-dimensional galvanometer mirror, our GM-UV-PAM system can generate subcellular images in less than 15 min for a typical brain biopsy (

5

m
m

×

5

m
m

), with a lateral resolution of

∼

1.0

µ

m

. The images of mouse brain slices obtained by our GM-UV-PAM system show that it can provide histological information for SMA.
Generation of a simultaneous orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Raman laser with power ratio tunability by a single hexagonal crystal: Cs2TeMo3O12
Authors: Wu Qian , Gao Zeliang , Wu Zhixin , Li Conggang , Tian Xiangxin , Zhao Peng , Wang Zhengping , Sun Youxuan , Xia Shengqing , Tao Xutang 
Published: August 2020

A new generation of orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength lasers was
demonstrated using a dye mode-locked neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum
garnet laser for the first time. With a hexagonal

C
s

2

T
e
M
o

3

O

12

as the Raman medium, efficient
dual-wavelength stimulated Raman scattering was obtained at 1175 and
1154 nm with similar output power, corresponding to the stretching
vibration of Mo-O and the asymmetric stretching vibrations of Mo-O and
Te-O groups, respectively. The power ratio of two Raman components can
be flexibly adjusted by tuning the polarization of the incident laser,
which can be tuned from 0% to 100%. Laser sources with such a small
wavelength separation could prove interesting for the
difference-frequency generation of terahertz waves in the 4.6 THz
range. Our study provides a simple and flexible method to achieve a
promising dual-wavelength laser source in orthogonal polarization by
Raman-based nonlinear frequency conversions.
Tweenhood: Femininity and Celebrity in Tween Popular Culture, Melanie Kennedy (2019)
Authors: Hill Sarah 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Tweenhood: Femininity and Celebrity in Tween Popular Culture, Melanie Kennedy (2019)
London: I. B. Tauris, 256 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78076-842-7, h/bk, £67.50, p/bk, £26.09
Genetic diversity of Euterpe edulis martius based on fruit traits
Authors: Marçal Tiago de Souza , Bernardes Carolina de Oliveira , Oliveira Wagner Bastos dos Santos , Guilhen José Henrique Soler , Ferreira Marcia Flores da Silva , Ferreira Adésio 
Published: August 2020

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a palm species from the Atlantic Forest whose fruits are important as a source of food to several individuals from the fauna of the region. Despite its ecological importance, juçara is found in the list of endangered species, due to the fragmentation of the forests and the illegal extraction of the heart of palm. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intra-populational genetic diversity of E. edulis based on fruit and seed traits in forest fragments of the Espírito Santo State in Brazil. The aim was to generate information to be used in E. edulis breeding programs, or in the delineation of more efficient management and reforestation strategies. The study was carried out in 20 forest fragments and 198 fruit plants were sampled. Positive genetic association was observed between the evaluated traits, with the longitudinal diameter of the fruit (LDF) and the seed mass (SM) greatly affecting fruit mass (FM). The existence of inter- and intra-populational genetic divergence was proved. The genetic divergence found in E. edulis suggests that there is genetic material that can be explored in breeding programs and this information may also contribute to management strategies that can increase the species genetic diversity.
Pairings between bounded divergence-measure vector fields and BV functions
Authors: Crasta Graziano , De Cicco Virginia , Malusa Annalisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce a family of pairings between a bounded divergence-measure vector field and a functionuof bounded variation, depending on the choice of the pointwise representative ofu. We prove that these pairings inherit from the standard one, introduced in [G. Anzellotti, Pairings between measures and bounded functions and compensated compactness, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 135 1983, 293–318], [G.-Q. Chen and H. Frid, Divergence-measure fields and hyperbolic conservation laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 147 1999, 2, 89–118], all the main properties and features (e.g. coarea, Leibniz, and Gauss–Green formulas). We also characterize the pairings making the corresponding functionals semicontinuous with respect to the strict convergence inBV\mathrm{BV}. We remark that the standard pairing in general does not share this property.
The Six Faces of Beauty. Baumgarten on the Perfections of Knowledge in the Context of the German Enlightenment
Authors: Nannini Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this essay, I investigate Baumgarten’s doctrine of the six perfections of knowledge (wealth, magnitude, truth, clarity, certainty, and life), which is famously one of the most characteristic and enigmatic features of his philosophy. Recent scholarship has almost unanimously stressed the rhetorical background of the categories. Instead, I argue that Baumgarten elaborates his theory in close relationship with coeval philosophy. To support this claim, I examine the position of some Thomasian philosophers, such as Johann Liborius Zimmermann, who had indicated a list of criteria similar to that of Baumgarten. Moreover, I analyse the distinction between formal and material perfections, tracing it back to the Wolffian milieu. On these bases, I propose a new reconstruction of Baumgarten’s doctrine, with particular attention to its aesthetic application. Finally, I outline the reception of the six categories in the late German Enlightenment until Kant.