bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinions towards the water-related Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes: The stakeholders’ point of view
Authors: Paletto Alessandro , Báliková Klára , De Meo Isabella 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Forests provide a wide range of water-related ecosystem services (WES) vital for human well-being such as groundwater recharge, runoff and water discharge to streams, soil erosion protection, aesthetic landscape and recreational opportunities. Sustainable forest management and afforestation/reforestation practices can maintain and improve the long-term provision of WES. In this context, new market-based mechanisms – Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) – can promote sustainable forest management by reducing negative externalities. To implement PES schemes for WES, many stakeholders with different knowledge, interests, and needs must be consulted and involved in the design and implementation process.Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate stakeholders’ opinions on the relationships between forests and water resources and the water-related Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes in Italy. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered by email to 39 stakeholders identified through a stakeholder analysis. The stakeholders were classified in four groups: buyers (15.4% of stakeholders), sellers (15.4%), intermediaries (43.6%), and knowledge providers (25.6%).Results and conclusions: The results show that the three most important WES provided by forests are soil erosion reduction, followed by provision of habitats for different species and surface runoff reduction. The respondents emphasize the importance of regulating and supporting services, while they minimize the importance of cultural services. For the sample of respondents, market-based instruments have an efficiency comparable to regulatory instruments, but a shared value for ecosystem services among stakeholders is required in the implementation of PES schemes. According to respondents' opinions, the public authority should play the role of both buyer and regulator, while the other stakeholders should be consulted (citizens) or actively involved (farmers’ and forest owners’ associations) in the decision-making process related to the PES schemes.
Effect of green tea catechins on uric acid metabolism after alcohol ingestion in Japanese men: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Kawakami Yuka , Yasuda Arisa , Hayashi Motoki , Akiyama Misuzu , Asai Toshihiko , Hosaka Toshio , Arai Hidekazu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX) after alcohol ingestion.Methods In a randomized crossover study, 10 healthy subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shōchū) with water (SW) or Shōchū with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of total catechin. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal.Results Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group ( P < 0.05). UA clearance and fractional UA excretion tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group. No significant differences in S-UA and S-Xa/Hx concentrations were observed between the SW and SC groups.Conclusions Based on these observations, it was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested.Trial registration The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Shizuoka and registered with UMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan). Trial registration number: UMIN000040076. Registered 7 April 2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045687
Authorship diversity among systematic reviews in eyes and vision
Authors: Qureshi Riaz , Han Genie , Fapohunda Kolade , Abariga Samuel , Wilson Renee , Li Tianjing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance : The inclusion of people from diverse backgrounds, and with different lived experiences is critical to ensuring the questions addressed in systematic reviews (SRs). The subsequent conclusions and recommendations made, are relevant and sensitive to the setting.Objective : To assess the gender and geographic diversity of authors among all Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision as compared with a random sample of non-Cochrane SRs of interventions in the field of eyes and vision.Design : The Cochrane Eyes and Vision United States Satellite maintains a database of SRs in the field of eyes and vision. We selected all (n = 313) Cochrane Library intervention SRs and a random sample of 313 non-Cochrane Library intervention SRs for this study. We extracted gender (‘woman,’ ‘man,’ or ‘unknown’) using a previously developed algorithm and location based on country and the World Health Organization region – of the first and corresponding authors using their full names and affiliations.Results : From the 626 reviews included in our sample, we identified 756 unique authors who comprised 887 author positions (i.e., first and/or corresponding authors). We were able to ascertain the gender of 652/756 (86%) authors: 279 women, and 373 men. Among Cochrane reviews, the proportions of women in first and/or corresponding author positions were consistent and approximately equal to men. Among non-Cochrane reviews, the representation of women was markedly lower as corresponding authors than other positions. We identified a location for each author and found most authors of Cochrane reviews were from the United Kingdom (31%) and United States of America (26%), whereas most authors of non-Cochrane reviews were from China (34%).Conclusions and relevance : Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision appear to have equal representation of women and men among the first and corresponding authors. Compared with non-Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision, Cochrane SRs appear to have a greater concentration of authors who are based in European and North American countries, possibly due to the locations of the Cochrane editorial teams. Cochrane Eyes and Vision should continue to recruit authors from around the world in locations that reflect the global burden of eye disease.
Chestnut tannins and their relationship in promoting broiler growth by altering the metabolic phenotype in the cecum.
Authors: Lee Annah , Pont Gabriela Cardoso Dal , Jarvis Stephanie , Farnell Morgan B , Battaglia Michele , Arsenault Ryan J , Kogut Michael H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background As the demand for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) increases in food animal production, phytobiotic compounds gain in popularity due to their ability to mimic the desirable bioactive properties of AGPs. Chestnut tannins (ChT) are one of many phytobiotic compounds utilized as feed additives, particularly in South America, for broiler chickens due to its favorable antimicrobial and growth promotion capabilities. While studies have observed the microbiological and immunological effects of ChT, there is a lack of studies evaluating the metabolic function of ChT in the host. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cecal metabolic changes induced by ChT inclusion and how they relate to growth promotion. Results A total of 500 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks were separated into five feed treatment groups: control, 1% ChT, 0.2% ChT, 0.08% ChT, and 0.03% ChT. The cecas from all the chicks in the treatment groups were collected on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-hatch. The cytokine mRNA qRT-PCR was determined using TaqMan gene expression assays for IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ quantification. The cytokine expression showed highly significant increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 on days 2 and 6, while the other pro-inflammatory cytokines did not have significantly increased expression. The results from the kinome array demonstrated that the cecas from birds fed with 1% ChT had significant (p < 0.05) metabolic alterations based on the number of peptides when compared to the control group across all days tested. Conclusions Based on the results, the increased expression of IL-6 appeared to be strongly indicative of altered metabolism while the increased expression of IL-10 indicated the regulatory effect against other pro-inflammatory cytokines other than IL-6. The ChTs initiate a metabolic mechanism during the first ten days in the broiler. For the first time, we show that a phytobiotic product initially modulates metabolism rather than immunity while also potentially supporting growth and feed efficiency downstream. In conclusion, an IL6-mediated immunometabolic phenotypic alteration in the ceca of chickens fed ChT may indicate the importance in the gut of enhanced broiler health.
Displacement in root apex and changes in incisor inclination affect alveolar bone remodeling in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Mao Huimin , Yang Andi , Pan Yue , Li Houxuan , LEI Lang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Periodontal health is of great concern for periodontists and orthodontists in the inter-disciplinary management of patients with bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of present study is to investigate changes in the alveolar bone in the maxillary incisor region and to explore its relationship with displacement of root apex as well as changes in the inclination of maxillary incisors during incisor retraction. Methods: Samples in this retrospective study consisted of 38 patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was taken before(T0) and after (T1) treatment. Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), height (ABH) and area (ABA) were utilized to evaluate changes in the alveolar bone, while incisor inclination and apex displacement were used to assess changes in the position of maxillary central and lateral incisors. Correlations between alveolar bone remodeling and apex displacement as well as changes in the inclination were investigated. Results: The labial ABT of central and lateral incisors at the mid-root third was increased. In contrast, the palatal ABT at crestal, mid-root and apical third level were consistently decreased. ABH was not altered on the labial side, while significantly decreased on the palatal side. ABA was not significantly increased on the labial side, but significantly decreased on the palatal side, leading to a significantly reduced total ABA. Orthodontic treatment significantly reduced inclination of upper incisors. Changes in the amount (T1-T0) of ABA was remarkably correlated with apex displacement and changes of inclination (T1-T0); in addition, using the multivariate linear regression analysis, changes of ABA on the palatal side (T1-T0) can be described by following equation: Changes of palatal ABA (T1-T0) = -3.258- 0.139× changes of inclination (T1-T0) + 2.533×apex displacement (T1-T0). Conclusions: Retraction of incisors in bimaxillary protrusion patients may compromise periodontal bone support on the palatal side. An equation that incorporated the displacement of root apex and change in the incisor inclination may enable periodontist-orthodontist interdisciplinary coordination in assessing treatment risks and developing an individualized treatment plan for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion.
Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation therapy improved symptoms in patients with refractory diabetic peripheral neuropathy via the mechanisms of paracrine and immunomodulation
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Li , Deng Lin , Wang Zhong-jing , Dong Jing-jian , Lyu Xiao-Yu , Jia Ting , Wang Li , Wang Hong-xiang , Mao Hong , Zhao Shi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: We recently reported that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) may be an effective and promising therapy to treat refractory diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate the potential mechanisms of BM-MNCs therapy.Methods: This clinical study recruited 60 patients with DPN, 30 T2DM patients without complications, 30 healthy control participants. All clinical parameters, the levels of inflammatory markers and growth factors in three groups were compared. All patients with DPN received one intramuscular injection of BM-MNCs and clinical follow-ups after the therapy for 2 days, 1, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Then they were divided into the responder and non-responder groups based on the improvement of nerve conduction velocity. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the corresponding prognostic factors for BM-MNCs treatment.Results: Patients in DPN group had higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lower level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than those in control group. DPN group had the highest level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) among three groups. The level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in DPN group was slightly lower than that in DM group. Neuropathic symptoms were significantly improved after BM-MNCs injection. Thirty five of 54 patients with DPN (64.8%) reached the primary endpoint, and were regarded as the responders. Compared to non-responders, responders were younger, had a longer history of diabetes, and had higher numbers of mobilized CD34+ cells and BM-MNCs. The levels of TNF-α and sICAM-1 decreased just after BM-MNCs injection in both groups and slowly reverted to baseline levels. The durations of downtrend of TNF-α and sICAM-1 in responder group lasted longer than that in non-responder group. Serum level of VEGF in responder group increased immediately after BM-MNC therapy, and reached the highest point after the injection for 12 weeks. On the other hand, VEGF levels in the non-responder group only increased slightly. The number of applied CD34+ cells (OR=1.567, 95% CI 1.106-2.222, p=0.012) and duration of diabetes (OR=0.760, 95% CI 0.597-0.967, p=0.025) were the independent predictors of responding to BM-MNCs therapy. No adverse event associated with the treatment was observed during follow-up observations.Conclusions: BM-MNCs transplantation is an effective and promising therapeutic strategy to treat refractory DPN. The immune regulation and paracrine function of BM-MNCs may contribute to the improvement of DPN.
ATR and p-ATR are Emerging Prognostic Biomarkers and DNA Damage Response Targets in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: feng wenlong , Dean Dylan C. , Hornicek Francis J. , Wang Jinglu , Jia Yanyan , Shi Huirong , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although ATR has an established role in DNA damage response in various cancers, its clinical and prognostic significance in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. The aims of this study are to assess the expression, function and clinical prognostic relationship of ATR, p-ATR in ovarian cancer. Methods: We confirmed ATR and p-ATR expressions by immunohistochemistry in a unique ovarian cancer tissue microarray constructed of paired primary, recurrent and metastatic tumor tissues from 26 individual patients. ATR specific siRNA and ATR inhibitor VE-822 were applied to determine the effect of ATR inhibition on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. ATR expression and the associated proteins of the ATR/Chk1 pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines were evaluated by Western blotting. The clonogenicity was also examined using clonogenic assays. A 3D cell culture model was performed to mimic the in vivo ovarian cancer environment to further validate the effect of ATR inhibition on ovarian cancer cells. Results: We show recurrent ovarian cancer tissues express higher levels of ATR and p-ATR than their patient-matched primary tumor counterparts. Additionally, higher expression of p-ATR correlates with decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with ATR specific siRNA or ATR inhibitor VE-822 led to significant apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation, with reduced phosphorylation of Chk1 (p-Chk1), Cdc25c (p-Cdc25c), Cdc2 (p-Cdc2), and increased expression of cleaved PARP and γH2AX. Inhibition of ATR also suppressed clonogenicity and spheroid growth of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion: Our results support the ATR and p-ATR pathway as a prognostic biomarker, and targeting the ATR machinery is an emerging therapeutic approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Pyrotinib sensitizes 5‑fluorouracil‑resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells to 5‑fluorouracil
Authors: Yi Jianing , Yi Pingyong , Chen Shuai , Li Qian , Wu Runzhang , Du Yang , Zou Lianhong , Fan Peizhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown that pyrotinib+ capecitabine significantly improved efficacy of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) +breast cancer. However, whether pyrotinib sensitizes 5‑Fluorouracil(5‑FU)‑resistant breast cancer cells to 5‑FU is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrotinib on HER2+breast cancer cells with resistance to 5‑FU and provide new clues for the pyrotinib treatment in 5-FU-resistant breast cancer.METHODS: the 5‑FU‑resistant breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3/FU and MAD-MB-453/FU were established by continuous exposure of the parental cells to 5‑FU.The effects of pyrotinib on these cell lines were examined by growth inhibitory activity assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography and animal experiments.RESULTS: Pyrotinib inhibited the proliferation of 5-FU-resistant and parental HER2-positive breast cancer cells and re-sensitized resistant cells to 5-FU by decreasing the expression of thymidylate synthase(TS) and ABC transporter subfamily G member 2(ABCG2). In a xenograft model, combination treatment with 5-FU and pyrotinib showed greater antitumor activity than either agent alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our results offer a preclinical rationale for clinical investigations of combination treatment with pyrotinib and 5-FU for 5-FU-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.
Influence of modification of dental porcelains with hybrid nanomaterial on surface characteristics, antimicrobial, chemical, and mechanical properties
Authors: Vidal Carla Larissa , Ferreira Izabela , Ferreira Paulo Sergio , Valente Mariana Lima da Costa , Teixeira Ana Beatriz Vilela , Reis Andrea Candido dos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Evaluated the effect of incorporation of the nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3) into dental porcelains on surface characteristics, antimicrobial, chemical, and mechanical properties. The percentages of 2.5% and 5% of β-AgVO3 were incorporated into commercial dental porcelains IPS Inline and Ex-3 Noritake. Surface characteristics were evaluated by SEM/EDS. Antimicrobial activity were investigated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by colony counts (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, and multiphoton microscopy. The chemical and mechanical behavior was evaluated by silver (Ag+) and vanadium (V4+/V5+) ions release, microhardness, roughness, and fracture toughness. Statistical tests Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc were applied for antimicrobial analysis and ions release, and ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc, for mechanical analysis. The nanomaterial interferes in the material’s morphology but does not alter the porcelain’s components. IPS Inline 5% reduced S. mutans and S. sobrinus (p<0.05), and Ex-3 Noritake 5% reduced S. sobrinus (p<0.05). The IPS Inline 2.5% reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (p<0.05). IPS Inline 5% released more Ag+ (p<0.05), and Ex-3 Noritake 2.5% released more V4+/V5+ (p<0.05). The β-AgVO3 increased the fracture toughness of IPS Inline, the roughness for all groups, and decreased the microhardness of 2.5% group (p<0.05). β-AgVO3 incorporation influenced on morphology but not altered the porcelain’s components, promoted antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, due to the Ag+ and V4+/V5+ released and influenced the porcelain’s mechanical properties.
Reconstructing and Forecasting the COVID-19 Epidemic in the US Using a 5-Parameter Logistic Growth Model
Authors: Chen Ding-Geng , Chen Xinguang , Chen Jenny Ke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Many studies have modeled and predicted the epidemic of COVID-19 in the US using data that starts from the first reported cases. However, because of the shortage of test services to detect the infected, this approach is subject to error due to under-detection in the early period of the epidemic. We attempted a new approach to overcome this limitation and to provide data supporting the public policy decisions against the life-threatening COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Documented data by CDC were used, including daily new and cumulative cases of confirmed COVID-19 in the US from January 22 to April 6, 2020. A 5-parameter logistic growth model was used to reconstruct the epidemic. Instead of all data in the whole study period, we fitted data in a 2-week window from March 21 to April 4 (approximately one incubation period) during which massive testing services were in position. With parameters obtained from the modeling, we reconstructed and predicted the epidemic and evaluated the under-detection.Results: The data fit the model satisfactorily. The estimated daily growth rate was 16.8% (95% CI: 15.95%, 17.76%) overall, with 4 consecutive days having a doubling growth rate. Based on the modeling result, the tipping point for new cases to decline will be on April 7 th , 2020, with 32,860 new cases. By the end of the epidemic, a total of 792,548 (95% CI: 789,162-795,934) will be infected. Based on the model, a total of 12,029 cases were not detected from the first case from January 22 to April 4.Conclusions: Study findings suggest the usage of a 5-parameter logistic growth model with reliable data that comes from a specified window period, where governmental interventions are appropriately implemented. In addition to informing decision-making, this model adds one tool for use to capture the underlying COVID-19 epidemic caused by a novel pathogen.