bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history and aggravating factors of sagittal imbalance in marked sagittal deformity compared with mild to moderate sagittal deformity
Authors: Moon Bong Ju , Ryu Dal Sung , Kim Byeongwoo , Ha Yoon , Yoon Seung Hwan , Kim Keung Nyun , Chin Dong Kyu , Lee Jung-Kil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sagittal imbalance is a multifactorial complex deformity that can arise from a variety of causes such as spinal stenosis, sarcopenia, vertebral fracture, and neuromuscular diseases. Furthermore, there is lack of research regarding spinal and general conditions that precede the development of sagittal imbalance. Our aim was to evaluate aggravating factors, such as natural history, for sagittal imbalance in a cohort comprising elderly individuals by conducting various examinations.
We recruited 96 participants who had a sagittal vertical axis (SVA) larger than 50 mm in a sagittal imbalance study. Finally, 69 participants were followed up and enrolled this study after 2 years. We evaluated full spine radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone mineral density, and health-related quality of life from patients survey and analyzed factors associated with aggravation of sagittal imbalance. Aggravation was defined by an SVA > 30 mm and T1 pelvic angle (T1PA) > 3° in the third year compared to SVA and T1PA values of the first year.
Eighteen participants of the follow-up group had a sagittal imbalance aggravation. According to the deformity severity in the first-year evaluations, the marked deformity group (38 participants) defined as Schwab classification had 11 (28.9%) participants presenting with sagittal imbalance aggravation. These participants had larger mean values of Schwab sagittal modifiers and T1PA compared with the nonaggravation participants. Logistic regression analysis showed a higher pelvic incidence (PI) (OR = 1.201, 95% CI = 1.015–1.422, P = .033) and a small multifidus (MF) volume (OR = 0.991, 95% CI = 0.983–1.000, P = .043) correlated with sagittal imbalance aggravation.
From the follow-up group, 18 (26%) subjects of total 69 participants presented a deteriorated sagittal imbalance. A higher PI and smaller MF volume correlated with the aggravation of sagittal imbalance. We should consider that high PI and small MF volume are associated with aggravation of sagittal imbalance.
Tranexamic acid reduce hidden blood loss in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery
Authors: Xu Derong , Chen Xin , Li Zheng , Ren Zhinan , Zhuang Qianyu , Li Shugang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery is associated with significant blood loss; however, few studies have focused on hidden blood loss (HBL) in PLIF or its regulatory factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the HBL in PLIF surgery as well as the influence of tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss in PLIF.

Methods:
We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and recruited patients undergoing PLIF into the study from November 2013 to April 2017. All participants were assigned to one of 2 groups according to a simple equal probability randomization scheme. At the end of PLIF surgery, for patients in the TXA group, the surgical field was immersed in TXA (1 g in 100 mL of saline solution) for 5 min before stitching the wound. For the control group, the surgical field was immersed in the same volume of normal saline.

Results:
In our study, the drainage volume during the first 24 h and the total postoperative drainage volume were significantly lower in patients in the TXA group than in the control group (P = .001). The hematocrit (Hct) of the drainage and calculation of blood contained in the drainage showed similar results. The mean length of hospital stay and rate of blood transfusion in the TXA group were less than those in the control group (P < .05). HBL was responsible for 45.6% of the total blood loss in PLIF, and both of the indicators in the TXA group were much lower than those in the control group.

Conclusions:
PLIF is associated with massive perioperative HBL, but the application of topical TXA leads to less postoperative blood loss including less HBL, a lower blood product transfusion rate, and a shorter hospital stay for PLIF.
Is coffee ground vomiting important? Findings from a large bleeding unit database and outcomes at 30 days
Authors: Schneider James R. , Thomson John M. , Fraser Andrew , Vijayan Balasubramaniam , Bassett Paul , Leeds John S. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
‘Coffee ground’ vomiting (CGV) has classically been considered a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There is a paucity of data concerning endoscopic findings and outcomes in patients presenting with CGV. The aim of this study was to analyze endoscopic yield and 30-day outcomes in CGV patients.

Methods:
Analysis was performed over the period 1992–2005 and four groups were identified: CGV alone, hematemesis alone, melena alone, and hematemesis and melena. Endoscopic yield, requirement for blood transfusion, rebleeding, and mortality rate at 30 days were calculated and compared using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
6054 patients (mean age 61.3 years, 3538 male) were included in the study. The hematemesis group was younger compared with the other groups. Therefore, endoscopic yield was adjusted for age and sex. CGV was associated with a significantly lower risk of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, varices, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and Mallory–Weiss tears compared with some or all of the other groups. CGV was associated with an increased risk of esophagitis and no source was found. CGV was associated with a lower rate of blood transfusion and rebleeding (all P < 0.0001) but 30-day mortality rates were similar. CGV was less likely to require endoscopic intervention compared with the other groups (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
CGV is associated with a lower endoscopic yield, requirement for blood transfusion, rebleeding rate, and potential for intervention compared to those with hematemesis, melena or both. Mortality rates are similar suggesting a nonbleeding cause and therefore questions the role of endoscopy in CGV.
Personalized eHealth Program for Life-style Change: Results From the “Do Cardiac Health Advanced New Generated Ecosystem (Do CHANGE 2)” Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Broers Eva R. , Widdershoven Jos , Denollet Johan , Lodder Paul , Kop Willem J. , Wetzels Mart , Ayoola Idowu , Piera-Jimenez Jordi , Habibović Mirela 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Unhealthy life-style factors have adverse outcomes in cardiac patients. However, only a minority of patients succeed to change unhealthy habits. Personalization of interventions may result in critical improvements. The current randomized controlled trial provides a proof of concept of the personalized Do Cardiac Health Advanced New Generation Ecosystem (Do CHANGE) 2 intervention and evaluates effects on a) life-style and b) quality of life over time.

Methods
Cardiac patients (n = 150; mean age = 61.97 ± 11.61 years; 28.7% women; heart failure, n = 33; coronary artery disease, n = 50; hypertension, n = 67) recruited from Spain and the Netherlands were randomized to either the “Do CHANGE 2” or “care as usual” group. The Do CHANGE 2 group received ambulatory health-behavior assessment technologies for 6 months combined with a 3-month behavioral intervention program. Linear mixed-model analysis was used to evaluate the intervention effects, and latent class analysis was used for secondary subgroup analysis.

Results
Linear mixed-model analysis showed significant intervention effects for life-style behavior (F
interaction(2,138.5) = 5.97, p = .003), with improvement of life-style behavior in the intervention group. For quality of life, no significant main effect (F(1,138.18) = .58, p = .447) or interaction effect (F(2,133.1) = 0.41, p = .67) was found. Secondary latent class analysis revealed different subgroups of patients per outcome measure. The intervention was experienced as useful and feasible.

Conclusions
The personalized eHealth intervention resulted in significant improvements in life-style. Cardiac patients and health care providers were also willing to engage in this personalized digital behavioral intervention program. Incorporating eHealth life-style programs as part of secondary prevention would be particularly useful when taking into account which patients are most likely to benefit.

Trial Registration:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03178305.
Lingual Application of Pre-Bent Reconstruction Plate for Segmental Mandibular Defect: Easy and Accurate Method Through the Buccal Drilling Approach Using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Surgical Guides
Authors: Hwang Bo-Yeon , Lee Jung-Woo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To prevent or treat for complications of reconstruction plate, such as metal plate fracture, plate exposure, and formation of skin fistula, the use of reconstruction plates on the mandibular lingual aspect has been introduced. However, this method increases the difficulty of surgery and lengthens the surgery time. In this study, the authors aimed to present a method to apply for reconstruction plates on the lingual side of the mandible to overcome the complications associated with the use of these plates. In the proposed method, the reconstruction plate was bent and fixed by a specially designed screws on a three-dimensional model created through a pre-operative virtual surgical simulation. Next, the model, prebent reconstruction plant, and screw were 3-dimensionally scanned and then superimposed precisely onto the three-dimensional model generated through the virtual surgical simulation. After extracting the three-dimensional path of the screws on the superimposed model, a surgical guide was prepared to drill screw holes in the buccal side of the mandible by transferring the extracted paths. The proposed surgical method using virtual surgical planning and surgical guides makes mandibular lingual application of the prebent reconstruction plates convenient, fast, and precise through drilling in the buccal side of the mandible.
Time-aggregated mobile phone mobility data are sufficient for modelling influenza spread: the case of Bangladesh
Authors: Engebretsen Solveig , Engø-Monsen Kenth , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Gurley Emily Suzanne , Frigessi Arnoldo , de Blasio Birgitte Freiesleben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman mobility plays a major role in the spatial dissemination of infectious diseases. We develop a spatio-temporal stochastic model for influenza-like disease spread based on estimates of human mobility. The model is informed by mobile phone mobility data collected in Bangladesh. We compare predictions of models informed by daily mobility data (reference) with that of models informed by time-averaged mobility data, and mobility model approximations. We find that the gravity model overestimates the spatial synchrony, while the radiation model underestimates the spatial synchrony. Using time-averaged mobility resulted in spatial spreading patterns comparable to the daily mobility model. We fit the model to 2014-2017 influenza data from sentinel hospitals in Bangladesh, using a sequential version of Approximate Bayesian Computation. We find a good agreement between our estimated model and the case data. We estimate transmissibility and regional spread of influenza in Bangladesh, which are useful for policy planning. Time-averaged mobility appears to be a good proxy for human mobility when modelling infectious diseases. This motivates a more general use of the time-averaged mobility, with important implications for future studies and outbreak control. Moreover, time-averaged mobility is subject to less privacy concerns than daily mobility, containing less temporal information on individual movements.
Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak
Authors: Chen Haohui , Xu Weipan , Paris Cecile , Reeson Andrew , Li Xun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines publicly available online search data in China to investigate the spread of public awareness of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We found that cities that suffered from SARS and have greater migration ties to the epicentre, Wuhan, had earlier, stronger and more durable public awareness of the outbreak. Our data indicate that forty-eight such cities developed awareness up to 19 days earlier than 255 comparable cities, giving them an opportunity to better prepare. This study suggests that it is important to consider memory of prior catastrophic events as they will influence the public response to emerging threats.
Antibiotic prescribing for lower UTI in elderly patients in primary care and risk of bloodstream infection: a cohort study using electronic health records
Authors: Shallcross Laura , Rockenschaub Patrick , Blackburn Ruth , Nazareth Irwin , Freemantle Nick , Hayward Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch has questioned the safety of delaying or withholding antibiotics for suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in older patients. We evaluated the association between antibiotic treatment for lower UTI and risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) in adults aged ≥65 years in primary care.MethodsWe analysed primary care records from patients aged ≥65 years in England with community-onset UTI using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2007-2015) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and census data. The primary outcome was BSI within 60 days, comparing patients treated immediately with antibiotics and those not treated immediately.Findings147,334 patients were included representing 280,462 episodes of lower UTI. BSI occurred in 0·4% (1,025 / 244,963) of UTI episodes with immediate antibiotics versus 0·6% (228 / 35,499) of episodes without immediate antibiotics. The odds of BSI were equivalent in patients who were not treated with antibiotics immediately and those who were treated on the date of their UTI consultation (adjusted odds ratio aOR 1·13; 95%-CI: 0·97-1·31). However, delaying or withholding antibiotics was associated with increased odds of death in the subsequent 60 days (aOR 1·17; 95% CI: 1·09-1·26).InterpretationEvidence on the safety of delaying or withholding antibiotics in older adults with suspected UTI is conflicting. Given the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in this population, their risk of antibiotic-related side effects, and the public health need to tackle antibiotic resistance, we recommend a trial to address this uncertainty.
Social, behavioural, and cultural factors of HIV in Malawi: a semi-automated systematic review
Authors: Thiabaud Amaury , Triulzi Isotta , Orel Erol , Tal Kali , Keiser Olivia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDemographic and socio-behavioural factors are strong drivers of HIV infection rates in sub-Saharan Africa. These factors are often studied in qualitative research but ignored in quantitative analyses. However, they provide an in-depth insight into the local behaviour, and may help to improve HIV prevention.MethodsTo obtain a comprehensive overview of the socio-behavioural factors influencing HIV prevalence and incidence in Malawi, we systematically reviewed the literature. Due to the choice of broad search terms (“HIV AND Malawi”), our preliminary search revealed many thousands of articles. We, therefore, developed a Python tool to automatically extract, process, and categorise open-access articles published from January 1st, 1987 until October 1st, 2019 in Pubmed, Pubmed Central, JSTOR, Paperity, and arXiV databases. We then used a topic modelling algorithm to classify and identify publications of interest.ResultsOur tool extracted 22’709 unique articles; 16’942 could be further processed. After topic modelling, 519 of these were clustered into relevant topics; 20 of which were kept after hand-screening. We retrieved 7 more publications after examining references so that 27 publications were finally included in the review. Reducing the 16’942 articles to 519 potentially relevant ones by using the software took 5 days. Several factors were identified to contribute to the risk of HIV infection, including religion, gender and relationship dynamics, beliefs, and socio-behavioural attitudes.ConclusionsOur software does not replace traditional systematic reviews, but it returns useful results to broad queries of open-access literature in under a week, without a priori knowledge. This produces a “seed data-set” of relevance which could be further developed. It identified known factors and rare factors that may be specific to Malawi. In the future, we aim to expand the tool by adding more social science databases and applying it to other sub-Saharan African countries.
Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Shi Yaling , Tan Mingkai , Chen Xing , Liu Yanxia , Huang Jide , Ou Jingyi , Deng Xilong 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disorder caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2. The immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 patients, either systemic or local, have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, we analyzed both the changes in the cellularity of various immune cell types as well as cytokines important for immune reactions and inflammation. Our data indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited an overall decline of lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells was moderately increased in patients with mild COVID-19. IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were remarkably up-regulated in patients with severe COVID-19. The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 relative to the length of hospital stay underwent a similar “rise-decline”pattern, probably reflecting the therapeutic effect. In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, and the elevation of IL-2 and IL-6 are reliable indicators of severe COVID-19.
Characterizing HIV and STIs among Transgender Female Sex Workers: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Poteat Tonia , White Rebecca Hamilton , Footer Katherine H.A. , Park Ju Nyeong , Galai Noya , Huettner Steve , Silberzahn Brad E. , Allen Sean T. , Glick Jennifer , Beckham S. Wilson , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThough highly vulnerable to HIV and STIs, transgender female sex workers (TFSW) are understudied in the U.S. HIV and STI response. This study examined the correlates of laboratory-confirmed STIs among a cohort of 62 TFSW followed over the course of one year and explored associations between specimen site and self-reported engagement in insertive and receptive anal intercourse.MethodsParticipants completed an interviewer-administered computer assisted personal interview at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits where self-administered anal swabs and urine samples for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas were also collected. HIV testing was conducted at baseline, 6-, and 12-month visits.ResultsBaseline HIV prevalence was 40.3% with no HIV seroconversions over follow-up. Baseline prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas was 9.7%, 17.7%, and 14.5%, respectively. In the multivariable regression modeling, recent arrest was significantly associated with testing positive for any STI (aRR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10-2.84). Insertive anal sex with clients was associated with increased risk of testing positive for an STI via urine specimen (RR 3.48; 95% CI: 1.14-10.62), while receptive anal sex was not significantly associated with specimen site.ConclusionOur findings confirm a high prevalence of STIs among TFSW and highlight the importance of addressing structural drivers such as criminal justice involvement as well as the need to ensure screening for STIs at all anatomical sites regardless of self-reported sites of potential exposure. More research is needed to better understand HIV and STI vulnerabilities and appropriate interventions for TFSW in the U.S.KEY MESSAGESTransgender female sex workers in the U.S. face substantial vulnerability to HIV and STIs, and interventions to reduce their risk for HIV and STI acquisition are needed.Engagement with criminal justice significantly increases the risk for STIs among transgender women engaged in street-based sex work, suggesting the need to address factors that lead to disproportionate arrest and incarceration of transgender women.Screening for STIs among transgender women should include all potential sites of exposure, regardless of reported sexual positioning.
Unprecedented disruptions of lives and work – a survey of the health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Zhang Stephen X , Wang Yifei , Rauch Andreas , Wei Feng 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSWhat are the health and wellbeing of people during the COVID-19 outbreak? We aim to assess the health and wellbeing of normal adults living and working after one month of confinement to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in China. On Feb 20–21, 2020, we surveyed 369 adults in 64 cities in China that varied in their rates of confirmed coronavirus cases on their health conditions, distress and life satisfaction. The participants also reported their work status, whether they had chronic health issues, and the number of hours they exercised per day in the past week. 27% of the participants worked at the office, 38% resorted to working from home, and 25% stopped working due to the outbreak. Those who stopped working reported worse mental and physical health conditions as well as distress. The severity of COVID-19 in an individual’s home city predicts their life satisfaction, and this relationship is contingent upon individuals’ existing chronic health issues and their hours of exercise. Our evidence supports the need to pay attention to the health of people who were not affected by the virus epidemiologically, especially for people who stopped working during the outbreak. Our results highlight that physically active people might be more susceptible to wellbeing issues during the lockdown. Policymakers who are considering introducing restrictive measures to contain COVID-19 may benefit from understanding such health and wellbeing implications.
Differential TAM receptor regulation of hepatic physiology and injury
Authors: Zagórska Anna , Través Paqui G. , Jiménez-García Lidia , Strickland Jenna D. , Tapia Francisco J. , Mayoral Rafael , Burrola Patrick , Copple Bryan L. , Lemke Greg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) Mer and Axl have been implicated in liver disease, yet our understanding of their roles in liver homeostasis and injury is limited. We therefore examined the performance of Mer and Axl mutant mice during aging, and in four models of liver injury. We find that Mer and Axl are most prominently expressed in Kupffer and hepatic endothelial cells, and that asAxl-/-Mertk-/-mice normally age, they develop profound liver disease. We further find that Mer signaling is critical to the phagocytosis of apoptotic hepatocytes that are generated during acute hepatic injury, and that Mer and Axl act in concert to inhibit injury-triggered cytokine production. TAM expression in Kupffer cells is crucial for these effects. In contrast, we show that Axl is uniquely important in mitigating liver damage during acute acetaminophen intoxication. Finally, we demonstrate that Axl exacerbates the fibrosis that develops in a model of chronic hepatic injury. These divergent effects have important implications for the design and implementation of TAM-directed therapeutics that target these RTKs in the liver.