bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Management and Outcome ofStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia in Children
Authors: Duguid Robert C , Al Reesi Mohammed , Bartlett Adam W , Palasanthiran Pamela , McMullan Brendan J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on the management and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in children.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children with SAB at a teritary pediatric hospital (January 2009-June 2015) identified by medical record review as to whether they received an IDC for SAB at the discretion of the admitting physician or surgeon was conducted. Differences in management and outcomes for those with and without IDC were evaluated, and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with cure.ResultsThere were 100 patients included in the analysis. Fifty-five patients received IDC and 45 had no IDC (NIDC). Appropriate directed therapy within 24 hours (54/55 = 98.2% vs 34/45 = 75.6%, P &lt; .01), choice (54/55 = 98.2% vs 37/45 = 82.2%, P &lt; .01), dose (54/55 = 98.2% vs 36/45 = 80%, P &lt; .01), and duration (52/55 = 94.5% vs 24/45 = 53.3%, P &lt; .01) of directed antibiotic therapy were appropriate in more IDC group patients. Achievement of source control in indicated cases was also more common in the IDC group (28/32 = 87.5% vs 5/26 = 19.1%, P &lt; .01). Appropriate investigation with repeat blood cultures and echocardiograms was not significantly different. All 55 patients in the IDC group had a complete response (cure) compared with 40 of the 45 (88.9%) patients in the NIDC group: 2 patients died and 3 patients had a relapse of infection with subsequent cure. In multivariate regression analysis, methicillin-susceptible SAB and IDC were factors independently associated with cure.ConclusionsChildren who received IDC for SAB in a tertiary pediatric setting were more likely to have appropriate investigations and management and had improved outcomes.
Acute appendicitis as an unusual cause of invasive ductal breast carcinoma metastasis
Authors: De Pauw Vincent , Navez Julie , Holbrechts Stephane , Lemaitre Jean 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain at the emergency room. In rare cases, it can be caused by malignancy, even metastatic lesions from extra-abdominal neoplasia. Herein, we report a case of a 64-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated by chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and hormonotherapy, relapsing several years later as a bone and a pleura metastasis successfully cured by locoregional therapy and hormonal treatment. She presented with acute abdominal pain without signs of peritonitis. Abdominal computed tomodensitometry showed sign of appendicitis. Therefore, laparoscopic exploration and appendicectomy was performed. During surgery, multiple peritoneal nodules were found and harvested. Pathology showed metastatic nodules of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, including in the appendicular wall, concluding to peritoneal carcinomatosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, but the patient died 1 year later after refusing anticancer treatment.
Intestinal ischemia in a COVID-19 patient: case report from Northern Tanzania
Authors: Kiwango Frank , Mremi Alex , Masenga Albert , Akrabi Huda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, and declared by World Health Organization as a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, it has been well known for COVID-19 patients to present with clinical manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) similar to the influenza. However, in the course of the disease, various pathological complications of high clinical significance have remained unknown. Impaired blood supply to the visceral vascular system can cause serious life-threatening acute damage. We report a case of a 60-year-old female with difficulty in breathing and extensive acute intestinal ischemia confirmed to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient developed a sudden abdominal pain and succumbed shortly after admission before imaging studies were performed. Autopsy revealed massive bowel ischemia. This case highlights the importance of paying attention to serious and less known clinical manifestations other than pulmonary symptoms and fever.
Inferring (sub)millimetre dust opacities and temperature structure in edge-on protostellar discs from resolved multiwavelength continuum observations: the case of the HH 212 disc
Authors: Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Tobin John J , Turner Neal J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
(Sub)millimetre dust opacities are required for converting the observable dust continuum emission to the mass, but their values have long been uncertain, especially in discs around young stellar objects. We propose a method to constrain the opacity κν in edge-on discs from a characteristic optical depth τ0,ν, the density ρ0, and radius R0 at the disc outer edge through κν = τ0,ν/(ρ0R0), where τ0,ν is inferred from the shape of the observed flux along the major axis, ρ0 from gravitational stability considerations, and R0 from direct imaging. We applied the 1D semi-analytical model to the embedded, Class 0, HH 212 disc, which has high-resolution data in Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) bands 9, 7, 6, and 3 and Very Large Array Ka band (λ = 0.43, 0.85, 1.3, 2.9, and 9.1 mm). The modelling is extended to 2D through RADMC-3D radiative transfer calculations. We find a dust opacity of κν ≈ 1.9 × 10−2, 1.3 × 10−2, and 4.9 × 10−3 cm2 g−1 of gas and dust for ALMA bands 7, 6, and 3, respectively, with uncertainties dependent on the adopted stellar mass. The inferred opacities lend support to the widely used prescription κλ = 2.3 × 10−2(1.3mm/λ) cm2 g−1 . We inferred a temperature of ∼45 K at the disc outer edge that increases radially inwards. It is well above the sublimation temperatures of ices such as CO and N2, which supports the notion that the disc chemistry cannot be completely inherited from the protostellar envelope.
Flux-density measurements of the high-redshift blazar PSO J047.4478+27.2992 at 4.7 and 8.2 GHz with RATAN-600
Authors: Mufakharov T , Mikhailov A , Sotnikova Yu , Mingaliev M , Stolyarov V , Erkenov A , Nizhelskij N , Tsybulev P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the first detection at 4.7 and 8.2 GHz with the RATAN-600 radio telescope of the source PSO J047.4478+27.2992, which has been announced as a blazar at z = 6.1. The average flux densities are 12 ± 3 and 8 ± 4 mJy at 4.7 and 8.2 GHz respectively, and an upper limit is estimated as 3 mJy at 11.2 GHz. The light curve at 4.7 GHz, obtained on a time-scale of four months, exhibits moderate variability of the source (fractional variability Fvar = 0.28 ± 0.02). The new RATAN-600 measurements extend previous literature data to higher frequencies, indicating a single power-law radio spectrum with α0.147–8.2 = −0.51 ± 0.1. The monochromatic radio luminosity at 4.7 GHz Pν ∼ 2 × 1027 W Hz−1 is consistent with values for high-redshift quasars at z ≥ 3.
Postacute Cognitive Rehabilitation for Adult Brain Tumor Patients
Authors: Weyer-Jamora Christina , Brie Melissa S , Luks Tracy L , Smith Ellen M , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Taylor Jennie W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intrinsic brain tumors often occur within functional neural networks, leading to neurological impairment and disability of varying degrees. Advances in our understanding of tumor-network integration, human cognition and language processing, and multiparametric imaging, combined with refined intraoperative tumor resection techniques, have enhanced surgical management of intrinsic brain tumors within eloquent areas. However, cognitive symptoms impacting health-related quality of life, particularly processing speed, attention, concentration, working memory, and executive function, often persist after the postoperative recovery period and treatment. Multidisciplinary cognitive rehabilitation is the standard of care for addressing cognitive impairments in many neurological diseases. There is promising research to support the use of cognitive rehabilitation in adult brain tumor patients. In this review, we summarize the history and usefulness of postacute cognitive rehabilitation for adult brain tumor patients.
Evaluating a child care-based social marketing approach for improving children’s diet and physical activity: results from the Healthy Me, Healthy We cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vaughn Amber E , Hennink-Kaminski Heidi , Moore Renee , Burney Regan , Chittams Jesse L , Parker Portia , Luecking Courtney T , Hales Derek , Ward Dianne S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Child care-based interventions offer an opportunity to reach children at a young and impressionable age to support healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Ideally, these interventions engage caregivers, including both childcare providers and parents, in united effort. This study evaluated the impact of the Healthy Me, Healthy We intervention on children’s diet quality and physical activity. A sample of 853 three- to four-year-old children from 92 childcare centers were enrolled in this cluster-randomized control trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We was an 8-month, social marketing intervention delivered through childcare that encouraged caregivers (childcare providers and parents) to use practices that supported children’s healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Outcome measures, collected at baseline and post-intervention, assessed children’s diet quality, physical activity, and BMI as well as caregivers’ feeding and physical activity practices. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to assess change from baseline to post-intervention between intervention and control arms. No significant changes were noted in any of the outcome measures except for small improvements in children’s sodium intake and select parent practices. Despite the negative findings, this study offers many lessons about the importance and challenges of effective parent engagement which is critical for meaningful changes in children’s health behaviors.
The Modular Organization of Pain Brain Networks: An fMRI Graph Analysis Informed by Intracranial EEG
Authors: Fauchon Camille , Meunier David , Faillenot Isabelle , Pomares Florence B , Bastuji Hélène , Garcia-Larrea Luis , Peyron Roland 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intracranial EEG (iEEG) studies have suggested that the conscious perception of pain builds up from successive contributions of brain networks in less than 1 s. However, the functional organization of cortico-subcortical connections at the multisecond time scale, and its accordance with iEEG models, remains unknown. Here, we used graph theory with modular analysis of fMRI data from 60 healthy participants experiencing noxious heat stimuli, of whom 36 also received audio stimulation. Brain connectivity during pain was organized in four modules matching those identified through iEEG, namely: 1) sensorimotor (SM), 2) medial fronto-cingulo-parietal (default mode-like), 3) posterior parietal-latero-frontal (central executive-like), and 4) amygdalo-hippocampal (limbic). Intrinsic overlaps existed between the pain and audio conditions in high-order areas, but also pain-specific higher small-worldness and connectivity within the sensorimotor module. Neocortical modules were interrelated via “connector hubs” in dorsolateral frontal, posterior parietal, and anterior insular cortices, the antero-insular connector being most predominant during pain. These findings provide a mechanistic picture of the brain networks architecture and support fractal-like similarities between the micro-and macrotemporal dynamics associated with pain. The anterior insula appears to play an essential role in information integration, possibly by determining priorities for the processing of information and subsequent entrance into other points of the brain connectome.
Poor Head Growth Is Associated with Later Mental Delay among Vietnamese Preterm Infants: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Do Chuong Huu Thieu , Børresen Malene Landbo , Pedersen Freddy Karup , Nguyen Tinh Thu , Nguyen Hung Thanh , Kruse Alexandra Yasmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Preterm infants in low- and middle-income countries are at high risk of poor physical growth, but their growth data are still scarce.

Objectives
To describe the growth of Vietnamese preterm infants in the first 2 years, and to compare with references: World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards, and healthy Southeast Asian (SEA) infants. Further, to assess the association between growth in the first year and neurodevelopment at 2 years corrected age (CA).

Methods
We conducted a cohort study to follow up preterm infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit for 2 years. Weight, length and head circumference (HC) were measured at 3, 12 and 24 months CA. Neurodevelopment was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—3rd Edition at 24 months CA.

Results
Over 90% of the cohort showed catch-up weight at 3 months CA. Weight and length were comparable to healthy SEA but were lower than WHO standards. HC was significantly smaller than those of WHO standards with HC Z-scores steadily decreasing from −0.95 at 3 months CA to −1.50 at 24 months CA. Each one decrement of HC Z-score from 3 to 12 months CA was associated with nearly twice an increase in odds of mental delay at 24 months CA (odds ratio 1.89; 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.50).

Conclusion
Vietnamese preterm infants exhibited early catch-up weight but poor head growth, which was associated with later delays in mental development. Our findings support the importance of HC measures in follow-up for preterm infants.
Audiovisual Modules to Enhance Informed Consent in the ICU: A Pilot Study
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Alfaro Maria E. , Anderson Tiffany N. , Murphy Travis W. , Zayko Olga , Davis John P. , Hothem Zachary A. , Darden Dijoia B. , Patel Rohit P. , Whittet Wanda , McGough Edward K. , Bihorac Azra , Croft Chasen A. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Smith R. Stephen , Vanzant Erin L. , Moore Fredrick A. , Brakenridge Scott C. , Ghita Gabriela L. , Brumback Babette A. , Mohr Alicia M. , Efron Philip A. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Obtaining informed consent for commonly performed ICU procedures is often compromised by variability in communication styles and inadequate verbal descriptions of anatomic concepts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an audiovisual module in improving the baseline knowledge of ICU procedures among patients and their caregivers.

Design:
Prospective, observational study.

Setting:
Forty-eight–bed adult surgical ICU at a tertiary care center.

Subjects:
Critically ill surgical patients and their legally authorized representatives. .

Interventions:
An audiovisual module describing eight commonly performed ICU procedures.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fifty-nine subjects were enrolled and completed an 11-question pre- and postvideo test of knowledge regarding commonly performed ICU procedures and a brief satisfaction survey. Twenty-nine percent had a healthcare background. High school was the highest level of education for 37% percent of all subjects. Out of 11 questions on the ICU procedure knowledge test, subjects scored an average 8.0 ± 1.9 correct on the pretest and 8.4 ± 2.0 correct on the posttest (p = 0.055). On univariate logistic regression, having a healthcare background was a negative predictor of improved knowledge (odds ratio, 0.185; 95% CI, 0.045–0.765), indicating that those with a health background had a lower probability of improving their score on the posttest. Among subjects who did not have a healthcare background, scores increased from 7.7 ± 1.9 to 8.3 ± 2.1 (p = 0.019). Seventy-five percent of all subjects indicated that the video was easy to understand, and 70% believed that the video improved their understanding of ICU procedures.

Conclusions:
Audiovisual modules may improve knowledge and comprehension of commonly performed ICU procedures among critically ill patients and caregivers who have no healthcare background.
Delirium Incidence, Duration, and Severity in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Khan Sikandar H. , Lindroth Heidi , Perkins Anthony J. , Jamil Yasser , Wang Sophia , Roberts Scott , Farber Mark , Rahman Omar , Gao Sujuan , Marcantonio Edward R. , Boustani Malaz , Machado Roberto , Khan Babar A. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To determine delirium occurrence rate, duration, and severity in patients admitted to the ICU with coronavirus disease 2019.

Design:
Retrospective data extraction study from March 1, 2020, to June 7, 2020. Delirium outcomes were assessed for up to the first 14 days in ICU.

Setting:
Two large, academic centers serving the state of Indiana.

Patients:
Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test from March 1, 2020, to June 7, 2020, were included. Individuals younger than 18 years of age, without any delirium assessments, or without discharge disposition were excluded.

Measurements and Main Results:
Primary outcomes were delirium rates and duration, and the secondary outcome was delirium severity. Two-hundred sixty-eight consecutive patients were included in the analysis with a mean age of 58.4 years (sd, 15.6 yr), 40.3% were female, 44.4% African American, 20.7% Hispanic, and a median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 18 (interquartile range, 13–25). Delirium without coma occurred in 29.1% of patients, delirium prior to coma in 27.9%, and delirium after coma in 23.1%. The first Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU assessment was positive for delirium in 61.9%. Hypoactive delirium was the most common subtype (87.4%). By day 14, the median number of delirium/coma-free were 5 days (interquartile range, 4–11 d), and median Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU-7 score was 6.5 (interquartile range, 5–7) indicating severe delirium. Benzodiazepines were ordered for 78.4% of patients in the cohort. Mechanical ventilation was associated with greater odds of developing delirium (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.1–22.2; p = 0.033) even after adjusting for sedative medications. There were no between-group differences in mortality.

Conclusions:
Delirium without coma occurred in 29.1% of patients admitted to the ICU. Delirium persisted for a median of 5 days and was severe. Mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with odds of delirium even after adjustment for sedatives. Clinical attention to manage delirium duration and severity, and deeper understanding of the virus’ neurologic effects is needed for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Reversal of the Pathophysiological Responses to Gram-Negative Sepsis by Megadose Vitamin C
Authors: Lankadeva Yugeesh R. , Peiris Rachel M. , Okazaki Nobuki , Birchall Ian E. , Trask-Marino Anton , Dornom Anthony , Vale Tom A. M. , Evans Roger G. , Yanase Fumitaka , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Oxidative stress appears to initiate organ failure in sepsis, justifying treatment with antioxidants such as vitamin C at megadoses. We have therefore investigated the safety and efficacy of megadose sodium ascorbate in sepsis.

Design:
Interventional study.

Setting:
Research Institute.

Subjects:
Adult Merino ewes.

Interventions:
Sheep were instrumented with pulmonary and renal artery flow-probes, and laser-Doppler and oxygen-sensing probes in the kidney. Conscious sheep received an infusion of live Escherichia coli for 31 hours. At 23.5 hours of sepsis, sheep received fluid resuscitation (30 mL/kg, Hartmann solution) and were randomized to IV sodium ascorbate (0.5 g/kg over 0.5 hr + 0.5 g/kg/hr for 6.5 hr; n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5). Norepinephrine was titrated to restore mean arterial pressure to baseline values (~80 mm Hg).

Measurements and Main Results:
Sepsis-induced fever (41.4 ± 0.2°C; mean ± se), tachycardia (141 ± 2 beats/min), and a marked deterioration in clinical condition in all cases. Mean arterial pressure (86 ± 1 to 67 ± 2 mm Hg), arterial Po
2 (102.1 ± 3.3 to 80.5 ± 3.4 mm Hg), and renal medullary tissue Po
2 (41 ± 5 to 24 ± 2 mm Hg) decreased, and plasma creatinine doubled (71 ± 2 to 144 ± 15 µmol/L) (all p < 0.01). Direct observation indicated that in all animals, sodium ascorbate dramatically improved the clinical state, from malaise and lethargy to a responsive, alert state within 3 hours. Body temperature (39.3 ± 0.3°C), heart rate (99.7 ± 3 beats/min), and plasma creatinine (32.6 ± 5.8 µmol/L) all decreased. Arterial (96.5 ± 2.5 mm Hg) and renal medullary Po
2 (48 ± 5 mm Hg) increased. The norepinephrine dose was decreased, to zero in four of five sheep, whereas mean arterial pressure increased (to 83 ± 2 mm Hg). We confirmed these physiologic findings in a coronavirus disease 2019 patient with shock by compassionate use of 60 g of sodium ascorbate over 7 hours.

Conclusions:
IV megadose sodium ascorbate reversed the pathophysiological and behavioral responses to Gram-negative sepsis without adverse side effects. Clinical studies are required to determine if such a dose has similar benefits in septic patients.
EARLY RETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS WITHOUT CLINICALLY EVIDENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Chen Yun-Ju , Khouri Albert S. , Zarbin Marco A. , Szirth Bernard C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To characterize the early retinal microvascular changes in young adults (age: 22.69 ± 3.50 years) with Type 1 diabetes mellitus without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography and investigate the associated factors.

Methods:
A total of 36 participants with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (70 eyes) and 34 healthy controls (57 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed. The analyzed optical coherence tomography angiography indices included capillary vessel density, foveal avascular zone area/perimeter/acircularity index, and foveal vascular density, acquired in the 6 × 6-mm2 area centered on the fovea. The generalized estimation equations model was applied to compare the mean values and to study the associated factors.

Results:
In subjects with diabetes, statistically significant decreases were observed in parafoveal vessel density in both superficial and deep capillary plexuses, foveal avascular zone area/perimeter, and foveal vascular density when compared with controls (all P < 0.05). Higher glycated hemoglobin level was independently associated with the decrease of parafoveal vessel density as well as the increase of foveal avascular zone area/perimeter (all P < 0.05). Prepubescent onset of diabetes mellitus was also independently associated with the decrease of superficial parafoveal vessel density, foveal avascular zone area/perimeter, and foveal vascular density (P = 0.015, 0.011, 0.015, and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
In young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus lacking clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence tomography angiography revealed alterations in retinal microvasculature that were associated with glycated hemoglobin level and onset of diabetes mellitus related to puberty.