bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic differences in Metabolic Syndrome in high-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Samkange-Zeeb Florence , Kebede Mihiretu , Saleem Maham , Heise Thomas L , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of several known cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk factors, including hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. While there is some evidence that MetS differ between some population subgroups (i.e., sex, race and ethnicity), not much is known about patterns of MetS among different racial/ethnic groups. The aim of this review is to systematically assess the literature on the prevalence of MetS between racial/ethnic groups, including migrant populations in high-income countries. MethodsThe preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed and the following databases searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE, the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), the Science Citation Index (SCI), the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases. A combination of keywords and subject headings will be used in each database to cover all aspects of racial and ethnic differences (i.e. race, ethnicity, minority populations) as well as metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and ecological studies on MetS that meet the inclusion criteria will be synthesised using narrative synthesis, and the results will be presented using reported outcome statistics (i.e., incidence and prevalence). ConclusionThis is the first review that we are aware of to systematically synthesize and collate the available evidence on the frequency, incidence or prevalence of MetS between racial/ethnic groups, including migrant populations. The findings may guide policy formulation and at the same time highlight gaps in the literature that future research should address.
Dog importation and changes in canine intestinal nematode prevalence in Colorado 2013-2017
Authors: Drake Jason , Parrish Rudolph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnimal rescue and animal welfare organizations are relocating thousands of dogs per year following natural disasters and in attempts to provide greater adoption opportunities. Many dogs are sourced from the southeastern USA, which historically has a high prevalence rate for many parasites and parasitic diseases. The Colorado Department of Agriculture Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA) requires animal shelters and animal welfare organizations to report annually a variety of statistics including the numbers of dogs imported into Colorado from out of state. The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) provides data nationally, down to the state and county level, on a variety of common parasitic and vector borne diseases. This data makes it possible to track changes in parasite prevalence over several years. MethodsTest results for canine roundworm, hookworm and whipworm were collected from the CAPC maps for 2013-2017. Dog importation data for 2014-2017 was collected from PACFA reports. For evaluation of the statistical significance of prevalence changes when comparing 2013 to 2017, 2 × 2 contingency tables were constructed with both positive and negative test results for each year and the data assessed using Chi-square tests to determine if the 2017 prevalence was significantly different than the 2013 prevalence for roundworm, hookworm and whipworm.ResultsSignificant increases in intestinal nematode prevalence occurred in Colorado from 2013 to 2017. The prevalence of canine roundworm rose 35.60%, the prevalence of canine hookworm rose 137.33% and the prevalence of canine whipworm rose 63.68%. From 2014-2017, over 114,000 dogs were transported into Colorado from out-of-state, by more than 130 animal shelters and rescue organizations. Three of the larger organizations reported that the majority of their dogs were obtained from New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma. Texas and Oklahoma have historically much higher parasite prevalence than Colorado. ConclusionsVeterinarians in areas with historically low parasite prevalence where dogs from high parasite prevalence areas are arriving for adoption may need to reevaluate their recommendations regarding fecal examination and deworming frequencies as historic levels of intestinal parasite infection may no longer be accurate assessments of future infection risks.
Habitat suitability modelling to assess the introductions of Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Netherlands
Authors: Ibañez-Justicia Adolfo , Alcaraz-Hernández Juan Diego , Lammeren Ron van , Koenraadt Constantianus J.M. , Bergsma Aldo , Delucchi Luca , Rizzoli Annapaola , Takken Willem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the Netherlands, Aedes albopictus has been found each year since 2010 during routine exotic mosquito species surveillance at companies that import used tires. We developed habitat suitability models to investigate the potential risk of establishment and spread of this invasive species at these locations. MethodsWe used two methodologies: first, a species distribution model based on the maximum entropy modelling approach (MaxEnt) taking into consideration updated occurrence data of the species in Europe, and second, a spatial logic conditional model based on the temperature requirements of the species and using Land Surface Temperature data (LST model). For model output comparison, we extracted the results of both models accordingly to the spatial extent of the Netherlands. ResultsResults obtained with the MaxEnt model at European level accurately reflect the observed current distribution of the species and also depicts moderately low values in parts of the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, the British islands and southern parts of Scandinavia. Winter temperature was the variable that contributed most to the performance of the model (47.3%). The results of the LST model show that 1) coastal areas are suitable for overwintering of eggs, 2) large areas in the northern part of the country have a low suitability for adult survival, and 3) the entire country is suitable for successful completion of the life cycle if the species is introduced after the winter months. Results of the LST model reveal that temperatures in 2012 and 2014 did not limit the overwintering of eggs or survival of adults at the used tire companies where the species was found. By contrast, for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013, overwintering of eggs at these locations is not considered likely.ConclusionsResults using two modelling methodologies show differences in predicted habitat suitability values. Based on the results of both models, the climatic conditions could hamper the successful overwintering of eggs of Ae. albopictus and their survival as adults in many areas of the country. However, during warm years with mild winters, many areas of the Netherlands, including used tire companies locations, offer climatic conditions suitable for developing populations. Regular updates of the models, using updated occurrence and climatic data, are recommended to study the areas at risk.
Spatial variation in the frequency of knockdown resistance genotypes in Florida Aedes aegypti populations
Authors: Mundis Stephanie Jane , Estep Alden S. , Waits Christy M. , Ryan Sadie J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The development of insecticide resistance in disease-vectoring mosquito species can lead to vector control failure and disease resurgence. However, insecticide applications remain an essential public health intervention. In Florida, insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti , an anthropophilic mosquito species capable of transmitting dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, is a major concern. Understanding the location, scale, and driving factors of insecticide resistance can enhance the ability of vector control organizations to target populations effectively.Methods We used previously collected data on frequencies of mutations that confer resistance to commonly used pyrethroid insecticides in Aedes aegypti specimens from 62 sites distributed across 18 counties in Florida. To determine the scale of clustering for the most resistant variant, we used a Ripley’s K function. We also used a spatial scanning statistic technique to identify the locations of clusters where higher than expected frequencies of susceptible or resistant mosquitoes occurred. We then tested for associations between landscape, demographic, and insecticide-use factors using a beta regression modelling approach and evaluated the effect of spatial lag and spatial error terms on overall explanatory power of these models.Results The scale at which maximum clustering of the most resistant variant occurs is approximately 20 kilometers. We identified statistically significant clusters of resistance in several coastal cities, although some of these clusters were near significant clusters of susceptible mosquitoes, indicating selection pressures vary at the local scale. Vegetation density, distance from roads, and pyrethroid-use by vector control districts were consistently significant predictors of insecticide resistance frequency in the top-performing beta regression models, although pyrethroid-use surprisingly had a negatively associated with resistance. The incorporation of spatial lags resulted in improvements to the fit and explanatory power of the models, indicating an underlying diffusion process likely explains some of the spatial patterns in resistance observed.Conclusions The genetic mutations that confer resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegpyti mosquitoes in Florida exhibit spatial autocorrelation and patterns that can be partially explained by landscape and insecticide-use factors. Further work at local scales should be able to identify the mechanisms by which these variables influence the outcome of resistance.
Evaluation of Performance in Trauma Care: experts’ viewpoints
Authors: Mousazadeh Yalda , Janati Ali , Sadeghi-bazarghani Homayoun , Pouraghaei Mahboub 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. Trauma patients had critical status and need timely, adequate and organized care. The different consequences of trauma care among service centers around the world and even within a country reveal the need for care assessment. This study was designed and executed to collect experts’ opinion on the evaluation of trauma care in Iran.
Methods: This qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach, two focus group discussions with 12 participants and 16 face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the required data. Participants were selected through purposive sampling method. The experts’ viewpoints were classified in accordance with the main and sub themes.
Results: Four basic themes extracted from the interviews and focus group discussion including, trauma care importance (sub-themes: the involved Individuals’ being young and productive and the effectiveness of trauma care); trauma care indicators (sub-themes: pre-hospital indicators, in-hospital indicators and post-hospital indicators); stages of trauma care evaluation (sub-themes: evaluation prerequisites, finalization of indicators prior to evaluation, determining evaluation time scope, determining evaluation dimensions, monitoring and evaluation and use of evaluation results); trauma care promotion (sub-themes: balancing workload in trauma centers, enhancement of information system, considering extra-organizational dimensions in trauma care and empowerment of trauma care providers).
Conclusion: Performance evaluation through acceptable indicators is basis of health care improvement. In addition to the evaluation, reforming macro policies, development of infrastructures, enhancement of information system and training care providers should be taken into account too.
Keywords: Performance indicators, Evaluation, Hospital, Trauma care
Validation of The Cipto Triage Method: a single-centre study from Indonesia.
Authors: habib hadiki , Sulistio Septo , Albar Imamul Aziz , Mulyana Radi Muharris , Yundiarto Nova 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background A national referral hospital in Indonesia developed a three-category triage acuity method called the Cipto Triage Method (CTM) for emergency departments (ED) in developing countries. This was a validation study to assess the performance of the triage method.Methods This cohort, retrospective, single-centre study was conducted in the ED of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that receives approximately 30,000 patient visits per year. The ED medical records throughout the year 2017 were randomly selected as the study sample. Completely written forms of triage and ED initial assessment were included in this study. Validation of the CTM decision was done by using expert panel opinion as reference standard, and also using surrogate conditions such as patient outcome for hospital admission and in-hospital mortality.Results There were 1,348 samples assigned to the following three categories: resuscitation (14.9%), urgent (63.8%) and non- urgent (21.3%). Overall accuracy was more than 80%, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for resuscitation category were 99% (95% confident interval [CI], 96.5-99.9) and 96.9% (95% CI, 95.7 -97.8), respectively. Resuscitation category had a relative risk (RR) for admission of 1.341 (95% CI, 1.259-1.429) and a RR for mortality of 4.294 (95%CI, 3.180-5.799). Undertriage increases the risk of mortality compared to correct triage (RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.11-4.54)Conclusion CTM has a good criterion and construct validity; it is also easy to understand and can accommodate a simple ED design in the majority of hospitals in Indonesia.
Bilateral scapular and humeral head fractures after electric shock：A case report
Authors: Ye ChunXiao , Guo YingBin , Zheng YouHui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background：Fractures of the scapula caused directly by electrical shock are very rare, and bilateral fractures of scapula and humeral head induced by an electric shock have not been described previously.Case presentation：We report a patient with bilateral fractures of the scapula and humeral head resulting from an accidental electric shock (220 Volt,50 Hz). This appears to be a previously unreported injury.Conculusions：Fracture of the scapula and humeral head secondary to electrical shock should be suspected in patients with shoulder pain but no dislocation.
Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Zhang Qiuyun , Li Jianzhao , Gong Hansheng , Fan Xinguang , Yang Yanqing , Liu Xiaofen , Yin Xueren 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Aroma is an important organoleptic quality for fruit and has a large influence on consumer preference . Kiwifruit esters undergo rapid and substantial changes contributing to the flavor during fruit ripening. Part of enzymes and their coding genes have been indicated potential candidates for flavor-related esters synthesis. However, there still exist obvious gaps in the biosynthetic pathways of esters and the mechanisms regulating ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit remain unknown. Results: Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile compounds of kiwifruit were quantified in response to ethylene (ETH, 100 µl/l, 24 h, 20 °C) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 1 µl/l, 24 h, 20 °C). The results indicated that concentrations of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were enhanced by ETH. Of these, esters showed the most substantial changes enhanced by ethylene and were inhibited by 1-MCP. Correlations between RNA-seq results and concentrations of esters, constructed using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) indicated that three structural genes ( fatty acid desaturase , AdFAD1 ; aldehyde dehydrogenase, AdALDH2 ; alcohol acyltransferase, AdAT17 ) had similar expression patterns that paralled the changes in total ester content, and AdFAD1 transcripts exhibited the highest correlation. In order to search for potential regulators for ester biosynthesis, 14 previously reported ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) were included in the correlation analysis with esters and their biosynthetic genes. Using dual-luciferase assay, the in vivo regulatory activities of TFs on ester biosynthetic gene promoters were investigated and the results indicated that AdNAC5 and AdDof4 (DNA binding with one finger) trans-activated and trans-suppressed the AdFAD1 promoter. Conclusions: The present study advanced the molecular basis of ripening-related ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit by identifying three biosynthetic related genes AdFAD1 , AdALDH2 and AdAT17 by transcriptome analysis, and highlighted the function of two TFs by transactivation studies. Keywords : aroma; kiwifruit; RNA-seq; ester biosynthesis; transcriptional regulation; ripening fruit; NAC; Dof
Spinal cord stimulation for chronic intractable trunk or limb pain: study protocol for a Chinese multicenter randomized withdrawal trial (CITRIP study)
Authors: Lu Yang , Mao Peng , Wang Guihuai , Tao Wei , Xiong Donglin , Ma Ke , Li Rongchun , Feng Dan , Duan Wanru , Li Shun , Fu Zhijian , Feng Zhiying , Jin Yi , Wan Li , Lu Yan , Fan Bifa , Wang James Jin , Li Luming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Although effective results of many studies support the use of spinal cord stimulation in the chronic pain patients, no randomized controlled trial has been undertaken in China to date. CITRIP is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, withdrawal study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of spinal cord stimulation plus remote programming management in patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.Method Participants will be recruited in approximately 10 centers across China. Eligible participants with intractable trunk or limb and an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score ≥5 will undergo spinal cord stimulation test. Participants with VAS score reduction ≥ 50% could move forward to receive implantation of an implanted pulse generator. In the withdrawal period at 3-months follow-up visit, participants randomized to the spinal cord stimulation group (experimental group, EG) will undergo continuous stimulation. The outcome assessment will occur at baseline and at 1, 3 (pre and post randomization) and 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference of maximal visual analog scale (VAS) score between EG and CG in the withdrawal period compared with baseline in the withdrawal period. Additional outcomes include VAS score change at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-ups, responder rate (VAS score improving by 50%), awake times during sleep, Beck Depression Inventory for depression evaluation, short-form 36 for quality of life evaluation, drug usage, satisfaction rating of the device. Adverse events will be collected. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle.Discussion The CITRIP study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a randomized withdrawal trial of spinal cord stimulation for patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.
Postoperative analgesic effect of acupotomy combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: jiang cai , Li yinyan , Li xiaomei , Guo jinhua , Guo miaomiao , Yu shengxian , lin zhonghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative acute pain is a common issue following thoracic surgery. Acupotomy is a common and safe intervention method for pain treatment in the clinic. In previous preliminary experiments, we found that acupotomy has a good clinical effect and safety in the treatment of pain after thoracoscopic surgery. However, due to a lack of rigorous design and adequate sample size, the efficacy still needs to be further confirmed. The purpose of this study will be to explore the efficacy and safety of acupotomy combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for the treatment of pain after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Methods: The study will be a single-centre, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Seventy patients with significant pain after thoracoscopic surgery with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score ≥7 will be included and randomly distributed into two groups: G1, the acupotomy combined with PCIA group; or G2, the conventional PCIA group. The primary outcome measure is pain scores at rest and coughing evaluated with the VAS by a blinded observer in the PACU and postoperatively at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The secondary outcome measures are postoperative requirements for rescue analgesia, the cumulative amount of self-administered analgesics, the level of sedation (LOS), Bruggemann comfort scale (BCS), and functional activity score (FAS) concerning adverse effects and patient satisfaction. Discussion: This trial has the potential to identify a novel strategy for postoperative pain management in VATS. Findings may advocate for the inclusion of the treatment of comorbid pain after thoracoscopy in current pain management practice guidelines.