bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal pain perception is associated with thalamo-cortico-striatal atrophy in
C9orf72
expansion carriers in the GENFI cohort
Authors: Convery Rhian S , Bocchetta Martina , Greaves Caroline V , Moore Katrina M , Cash David M , Van Swieten John , Moreno Fermin , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Borroni Barbara , Laforce Jr Robert , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Graff Caroline , Galimberti Daniela , Rowe James B , Finger Elizabeth , Synofzik Matthis , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonca Alexandre , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Santana Isabel , Ducharme Simon , Butler Christopher , Gerhard Alex , Levin Johannes , Danek Adrian , Otto Markus , Warren Jason D , Rohrer Jonathan D 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is typically associated with changes in behaviour, language and movement. However, recent studies have shown that patients can also develop an abnormal response to pain, either heightened or diminished. We aimed to investigate this symptom in mutation carriers within the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI).

Methods

Abnormal responsiveness to pain was measured in 462 GENFI participants: 281 mutation carriers and 181 mutation-negative controls. Changes in responsiveness to pain were scored as absent (0), questionable or very mild (0.5), mild (1), moderate (2) or severe (3). Mutation carriers were classified into
C9orf72
(104),
GRN
(128) and
MAPT
(49) groups, and into presymptomatic and symptomatic stages. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to compare groups, adjusting for age and sex. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal pain perception.

Results

Altered responsiveness to pain was present to a significantly greater extent in symptomatic
C9orf72
expansion carriers than in controls: mean score 0.40 (SD 0.71) vs 0.00 (0.04), reported in 29% vs 1%. No significant differences were seen between the other symptomatic groups and controls, or any of the presymptomatic mutation carriers and controls. Neural correlates of altered pain perception in
C9orf72
expansion carriers were the bilateral thalamus and striatum as well as a predominantly right-sided network of regions involving the orbitofrontal cortex, inferomedial temporal lobe and cerebellum.

Conclusion

Changes in pain perception are a feature of
C9orf72
expansion carriers, likely representing a disruption in somatosensory, homeostatic and semantic processing, underpinned by atrophy in a thalamo-cortico-striatal network.
Does high dietary protein intake contribute to the increased risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Ancu Oana , Mickute Monika , Guess Nicola D. , Hurren Nicholas M. , Burd Nicholas A. , Mackenzie Richard W. 
Published: August 2020

Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder implicated in the development of many chronic diseases. While it is generally accepted that body mass loss should be the primary approach for the management of insulin resistance-related disorders in overweight and obese individuals, there is no consensus among researchers regarding optimal protein intake during dietary restriction. Recently, it has been suggested that increased plasma branched-chain amino acids concentrations are associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The exact mechanism by which excessive amino acid availability may contribute to insulin resistance has not been fully investigated. However, it has been hypothesised that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 hyperactivation in the presence of amino acid overload contributes to reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake because of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) degradation and reduced Akt-AS160 activity. In addition, the long-term effects of high-protein diets on insulin sensitivity during both weight-stable and weight-loss conditions require more research. This review focusses on the effects of high-protein diets on insulin sensitivity and discusses the potential mechanisms by which dietary amino acids can affect insulin signalling. Novelty: Excess amino acids may over-activate mTOR, resulting in desensitisation of IRS-1 and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
Search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{64}$$Zn and $$^{70}$$Zn with CUPID-0
Authors: Azzolini O. , Beeman J. W. , Bellini F. , Beretta M. , Biassoni M. , Brofferio C. , Bucci C. , Capelli S. , Cardani L. , Celi E. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Chiesa D. , Clemenza M. , Cremonesi O. , Cruciani A. , D’Addabbo A. , Dafinei I. , Domizio S. Di , Ferroni F. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Gorla P. , Gotti C. , Keppel G. , Martinez M. , Nagorny S. , Nastasi M. , Nisi S. , Nones C. , Orlandi D. , Pagnanini L. , Pallavicini M. , Pattavina L. , Pavan M. , Pessina G. , Pettinacci V. , Pirro S. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Puiu A. , Rusconi C. , Schäffner K. , Tomei C. , Vignati M. , Zolotarova A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCUPID-0 is the first pilot experiment of CUPID, a next-generation project searching for neutrinoless double beta decay. In its first scientific run, CUPID-0 operated 26 ZnSe cryogenic calorimeters coupled to light detectors in the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we analyzed a ZnSe exposure of 11.34 kg year to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{70}$$70Zn and for the neutrinoless positron-emitting electron capture of $$^{64}$$64Zn. We found no evidence for these decays and set 90$$\%$$% credible interval limits of $$\hbox {T}_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }$$T1/20νββ($$^{70}$$70Zn) > 1.6 $$10^{21}$$1021 year and $$\hbox {T}_{1/2}^{0\nu EC \beta +}$$T1/20νECβ+($$^{64}$$64Zn) > 1.2$$\times 10^{22}$$×1022 year, surpassing by more than one order of magnitude the previous experimental results (Belli et al. in J Phys G 38(11):115107, https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/11/115107, 2011).
Testing cosmic ray composition models with very large-volume neutrino telescopes
Authors: Fusco L. A. , Versari F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe composition in terms of nuclear species of the primary cosmic ray flux is largely uncertain in the knee region and above, where only indirect measurements are available. The predicted fluxes of high-energy leptons from cosmic ray air showers are influenced by this uncertainty. Different models have been proposed. Similarly, these uncertainties affect the measurement of lepton fluxes in very large-volume neutrino telescopes. Uncertainties in the cosmic ray interaction processes, mainly deriving from the limited amount of experimental data covering the particle physics at play, could also produce similar differences in the observable lepton fluxes and are affected as well by large uncertainties. In this paper we analyse how considering different models for the primary cosmic ray composition affects the expected rates in the current generation of very large-volume neutrino telescopes (ANTARES and IceCube). This is tested comparing two possible models of cosmic ray composition, but the same procedure can be expanded to different possible combinations of cosmic ray abundances. We observe that a certain degree of discrimination between composition fits can be already achieved with the current IceCube data sample, even though in a model-dependent way. The expected improvements in the energy reconstruction achievable with the next-generation neutrino telescopes is be expected to make these instruments more sensitive to the differences between models.
Crystal growth, structural, nonlinear optical and theoretical investigations of Benzilic acid crystals
Authors: Nalini H. , Thairiyaraja M. , Arunagiri C. , Kumar K. , Vincent V. Charles , Kirubavathi K. , Selvaraju K. 
Published: August 2020

Organic single crystals of Benzilic Acid (BA) were grown by slow solvent evaporating method by using acetone as solvent. The unit cell parameter values and the crystal system are recognized by using single crystal XRD technique. The optical assessment of BA molecules is observed by with UV-Vis spectral analysis as the ultraviolet range between 200 and 400 nm and the visible region between 400 and 800 nm. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties such as second harmonic efficiency nature of BA crystal were analyzed using Nd:YAG laser. The laser-induced damage threshold assessment of BA crystal is measured as 2.76 GW/cm2. From the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the molecular structural feature and vibrational frequencies were defined by using the Gaussian system along with comparisons of experimental frequencies. Using the DFT method, the derived vibrational frequency values showed an admirable accord with experimental frequencies. The charge interactions within the BA molecules are confirmed by HOMO and LUMO energy value. The first-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities, dipole moment, polarizability and Mulliken charge analysis of the BA molecule are also evaluated.
A factorization property of positive maps on C*-algebras
Authors: Rajarama Bhat B. V. , Osaka Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this short paper is to clarify and present a general version of an interesting observation by [Piani and Mora, Phys. Rev. A 75 (2007) 012305], linking complete positivity of linear maps on matrix algebras to decomposability of their ampliations. Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be unital C*-algebras and let [Formula: see text] be positive linear maps from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. We obtain conditions under which any positive map [Formula: see text] from the minimal C*-tensor product [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text], factorizes as [Formula: see text] for some positive map [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that when [Formula: see text] are completely positive (CP) maps for some Hilbert spaces [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a pure CP map and [Formula: see text] is a CP map so that [Formula: see text] is also CP, then [Formula: see text] for some CP map [Formula: see text]. We show that a similar result holds in the context of positive linear maps when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. As an application, we extend IX Theorem of Ref. 4 (revisited recently by [Huber et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 200503]) to show that for any linear map [Formula: see text] from a unital C*-algebra [Formula: see text] to a C*-algebra [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is decomposable for some [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the identity map on the algebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] matrices, then [Formula: see text] is CP.
Immune Responses and Risk of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Higher Rates among African American Women
Authors: Ogony Joshua W. , Radisky Derek C. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Goodison Steven , Wickland Daniel P. , Egan Kathleen M. , Knutson Keith L. , Asmann Yan W. , Sherman Mark E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe etiology of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is poorly understood. As many TNBCs develop prior to the initiation of breast cancer screening or at younger ages when the sensitivity of mammography is comparatively low, understanding the etiology of TNBCs is critical for discovering novel prevention approaches for these tumors. Furthermore, the higher incidence rate of estrogen receptor–negative breast cancers, and specifically, of TNBCs, among young African American women (AAW) versus white women is a source of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Whereas immune responses to TNBCs have received considerable attention in relation to prognosis and treatment, the concept that dysregulated immune responses may predispose to the development of TNBCs has received limited attention. We present evidence that dysregulated immune responses are critical in the pathogenesis of TNBCs, based on the molecular biology of the cancers and the mechanisms proposed to mediate TNBC risk factors. Furthermore, proposed risk factors for TNBC, especially childbearing without breastfeeding, high parity, and obesity, are more prevalent among AAW than white women. Limited data suggest genetic differences in immune responses by race, which favor a stronger Thr type 2 (Th2) immune response among AAW than white women. Th2 responses contribute to wound-healing processes, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of TNBCs. Accordingly, we review data on the link between immune responses and TNBC risk and consider whether the prevalence of risk factors that result in dysregulated immunity is higher among AAW than white women.
CD39 Identifies the CD4+ Tumor-Specific T-cell Population in Human Cancer
Authors: Kortekaas Kim E. , Santegoets Saskia J. , Sturm Gregor , Ehsan Ilina , van Egmond Sylvia L. , Finotello Francesca , Trajanoski Zlatko , Welters Marij J.P. , van Poelgeest Mariette I.E. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe accumulation of tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells is key to an effective antitumor response. Locally, CD4+ T cells promote the recruitment and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and activate innate killer cells in the tumor. Here, we show that tumor-specific CD4+ T cells were predominantly present in the CD39+ subset of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+ TILs were detected in three different tumor types, and displayed an activated (PD-1+, HLA-DR+) effector memory phenotype. CD4+CD39+ single-cell RNA-sequenced TILs shared similar well-known activation, tissue residency, and effector cell–associated genes with CD8+CD39+CD103+ TILs. Finally, analysis of directly ex vivo cell-sorted and in vitro expanded pure populations of CD39-positive and negative CD4+ and CD8+ TILs revealed that tumor-specific antigen reactivity was almost exclusively detected among CD39+ cells. Immunotherapy of cancer is based on the activation of tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We show that the expression of CD39 can be used to identify, isolate, and expand tumor-reactive T-cell populations in cancers.
Periostin
Authors: Nie Xiaowei , Shen Chenyou , Tan Jianxin , Wu Zhiyuan , Wang Wei , Chen Yuan , Dai Youai , Yang Xusheng , Ye Shugao , Chen Jingyu , Bian Jin-Song 
Published: August 2020

Rationale:
POSTN (Periostin) is an ECM (extracellular matrix) protein involved in tissue remodeling in response to injury and a contributing factor in tumorigenesis, suggesting that POSTN plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Objective:
We aimed to gain insight into the mechanistic contribution of POSTN in experimental mouse models of PH and correlate these findings with PH in humans.

Methods and Results:
We used genetic epistasis approaches in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs), human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and experimental mouse models of PH (Sugen 5416/hypoxia or chronic hypoxia) to discern the role of POSTN and its relationship to HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α signaling. We found that POSTN expression was correlated with the extent of PH in mouse models and in humans. Decreasing POSTN improved hemodynamic and cardiac responses in PH mice, blunted the release of growth factors and HIF-1α, and reversed the downregulated BMPR (bone morphogenetic protein receptor)-2 expression in hPAECs from patients with PH, whereas increasing POSTIN had the opposite effects and induced a hyperproliferative and promigratory phenotype in both hPAECs and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Overexpression of POSTN-induced activation of HIFs and increased the production of ET (endothelin)-1 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in hPAECs. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α abolished the proangiogenic effect of POSTN. Blockade of TrkB (tyrosine kinase receptor B) attenuated the effect of POSTN on HIF-1α expression, while inhibition of HIF-1α reduced the expression of POSTN and TrkB. These results suggest that hPAECs produce POSTN via a HIF-1α-dependent mechanism.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals that POSTN expression is increased in human and animal models of PH and fosters PH development via a positive feedback loop between HIF-1α and POSTN during hypoxia. We propose that manipulating POSTIN expression may be an efficacious therapeutic target in the treatment of PH. Our results also suggest that POSTN may serve as a biomarker to estimate the severity of PH.
Underuse of Cardiovascular Medications in Individuals With Known Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: HCHS/SOL
Authors: Hua Simin , Isasi Carmen R. , Kizer Jorge R. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Allison Matthew A. , Tarraf Wassim , Qi Qibin , Ponce Sonia G. , Daviglus Martha , Kaplan Robert C. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Underuse of cardiovascular medications for secondary prevention among individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been reported. Little is known about PAD treatment status in the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States, who may have limited access to health care and who have worse clinical outcomes than non‐Hispanic individuals.

Methods and Results
We studied the use of cardiovascular therapies in 1244 Hispanic/Latino individuals recruited from 4 sites in the United States, including 826 individuals who reported diagnosis of PAD by physician and 418 individuals with coronary artery disease alone, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We compared the prevalence of using antiplatelet therapy, lipid‐lowering therapy and antihypertensive therapy by PAD and coronary artery disease status. Among those with PAD, we studied factors associated with taking cardiovascular medications, including demographic and socioeconomic factors, acculturation, access to health care and comorbidities, using multivariable regression models. The overall prevalence for individuals with PAD taking antiplatelet therapy, lipid‐lowering therapy and, among hypertensive individuals, antihypertensive therapy was 31%, 26% and 57%, respectively. Individuals of Mexican background had the lowest use for all classes of cardiovascular medications. Older age, number of doctor visits and existing hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with taking cardiovascular therapies in adjusted models. Compared with those with PAD alone, individuals with PAD and concurrent coronary artery disease were 1.52 (95% CI, 1.20–1.93) and 1.74 (1.30–2.32) times more likely to use antiplatelet agents and statins according to multivariable analysis. No significant difference of antihypertensive medication use was found among PAD patients with or without coronary artery disease.

Conclusions
Hispanic/Latino individuals with known PAD underuse cardiovascular medications recommended in clinical guidelines. More efforts should be directed to improve treatment in this important group.
Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients With Prior Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Recurrent Angina
Authors: Sedlak Tara , Starovoytov Andrew , Humphries Karin , Saw Jacqueline 
Published: August 2020

Background
A significant proportion of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) have ongoing chronic chest pain despite healing of their dissection. We sought to determine whether coronary microvascular dysfunction contributes to post‐SCAD chronic chest pain by performing coronary reactivity testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.

Methods and Results
Eighteen patients consented to coronary reactivity testing at least 3 months post‐SCAD. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance were measured in the previously affected SCAD artery and 1 non‐SCAD artery. CFR <2.5 was defined as diagnostic of coronary microvascular dysfunction. An abnormal index of microcirculatory resistance was defined as >25 units. Seventeen women underwent coronary reactivity testing (1 had chronic dissection and was excluded). All presented with myocardial infarction and 2 underwent coronary stenting during the initial SCAD event. Fibromuscular dysplasia was present in 70.6% upon screening renal, iliac, and cerebrovascular arteries. Twelve patients (70.6%) had CFR <2.5 and 13 (76.5%) had an index of microcirculatory resistance >25 in at least 1 artery. There was no difference in the frequency of a low CFR measurement between SCAD and non‐SCAD arteries.

Conclusions
Among patients with chronic chest pain after an SCAD event, >70% had coronary microvascular dysfunction as indicated by abnormal CFR or index of microcirculatory resistance in at least 1 coronary artery on invasive coronary reactivity testing. Presence of coronary microvascular dysfunction in both SCAD and non‐SCAD arteries suggests that underlying microvascular abnormalities from vasculopathies such as coronary fibromuscular dysplasia may be the underlying etiology.
Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cummings Cori , Almallouhi Eyad , Al Kasab Sami , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Holmstedt Christine A. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke systems has not been systematically evaluated. Our study aims to investigate trends in telestroke consults during the pandemic.

Methods:
We did retrospective chart review of consecutive patients seen through a telestroke network in South Carolina from March 2019 to April 2020. We dichotomized patients to preCOVID-19 pandemic (March 2019 to February 2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (March to April 2020).

Results:

A total of 5852 patients were evaluated during the study period, 613 (10.5%) were seen during the pandemic. The median number of weekly consults dropped from 112 to 77 during the pandemic,
P
=0.002. There was no difference in baseline features; however, Black patients were less likely to present with strokes during the pandemic (13.9% versus 29%,
P
≤0.002).

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant drop in telestroke volume. The impact seems to disproportionately affect Black patients.
Observed Sensitivity of Low-Cloud Radiative Effects to Meteorological Perturbations over the Global Oceans
Authors: Scott Ryan C. , Myers Timothy A. , Norris Joel R. , Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A. , Sun Moguo , Doelling David R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how marine low clouds and their radiative effects respond to changing meteorological conditions is crucial to constrain low-cloud feedbacks to greenhouse warming and internal climate variability. In this study, we use observations to quantify the low-cloud radiative response to meteorological perturbations over the global oceans to shed light on physical processes governing low-cloud and planetary radiation budget variability in different climate regimes. We assess the independent effect of perturbations in sea surface temperature, estimated inversion strength, horizontal surface temperature advection, 700-hPa relative humidity, 700-hPa vertical velocity, and near-surface wind speed. Stronger inversions and stronger cold advection greatly enhance low-level cloudiness and planetary albedo in eastern ocean stratocumulus and midlatitude regimes. Warming of the sea surface drives pronounced reductions of eastern ocean stratocumulus cloud amount and optical depth, and hence reflectivity, but has a weaker and more variable impact on low clouds in the tropics and middle latitudes. By reducing entrainment drying, higher free-tropospheric relative humidity enhances low-level cloudiness. At low latitudes, where cold advection destabilizes the boundary layer, stronger winds enhance low-level cloudiness; by contrast, wind speed variations have weak influence at midlatitudes where warm advection frequently stabilizes the marine boundary layer, thus inhibiting vertical mixing. These observational constraints provide a framework for understanding and evaluating marine low-cloud feedbacks and their simulation by models.