bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Beverley Eric Lewis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScholarship on modern South Asia, even in accounting for the fragility and capriciousness of colonial authority and exploring tensions between popular sovereignty and politics on the ground, tends to regard colonial or national states and institutions as the sole repositories of formal sovereignty. A nuanced understanding of the historical and contemporary political, social, and cultural terrain of South Asia requires a broader conceptual framework that accounts for the multiple idioms and practices of sovereignty in the region and their legacies up until the present. This introduction seeks to hack through the rigid and monolithic concepts of stateness that shape colonial and postcolonial thought about political sovereignty. The special section as a whole provides empirical examples and conceptual reflections that broaden scholarly understandings of genealogies and modalities of modern sovereignty in South Asia, and in a comparative framework stretching across world regions, scholarly disciplines, and periods.
On Empire and Exception
Authors: Can Lâle , Genell Aimee M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWere Ottoman autonomous provinces nation-states in the making or signs of a semicolonial and irredeemably weak empire? Or, were they evidence of alternative arrangements of imperial sovereignty? By taking a long view of Ottoman history and examining “exceptional” provinces such as the Khedivate of Egypt, the Sharifate of Mecca, and the mutasarrifiya of Mt. Lebanon, this reflection seeks to recast new and reorganized configurations of administrative power in the nineteenth century as part of a broad repertoire of Ottoman autonomy. In lieu of characterizing these territories as flawed or imperfect sovereignties, we question the utility of these terms and argue that arrangements often referred to as exceptions were normative and central to the empire's survival. Drawing on our work on international law, autonomy, pilgrimage, and migration, we consider how Egypt and the Hijaz—two provinces that are often treated as exceptionally exceptional—serve as productive sites to examine how Ottomans engaged with the international legal order and posed alternative visions of authority that informed not only the end of the empire but also its afterlife.
Rethinking Sovereignty and Stateness in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sidel John T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article reflects on the treatment of sovereignty and stateness in South Asia provided by other authors in this special section of the issue in terms of their implications for the study of Southeast Asian history. The article identifies a number of commonalities between the treatment of sovereignty and stateness in South Asia provided in the special section and that found in revisionist scholarship on Southeast Asia over the past few decades.
Primary Materials
Authors: Rehman Nida 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores plants, seeds, soils, and other nonhuman actors as archival and architectural agents within the history of Lahore's urban landscape, as seen from the ground. It traces the halting efforts of the Agri-Horticultural Society of Punjab to enact regional improvement through the development of agricultural and botanical expertise at the advent of British colonial rule in the province, focusing on the materialization of this work in the society's gardens in Lahore. Foregrounding the contingencies of everyday garden making and maintenance, the article posits nonhuman ecologies as a materially diverse and ephemeral architecture and archive of landscape. It argues that, in helping assemble and modulate the society's efforts to model improvement, conduct plant testing, and develop an ornamental garden, plants, seeds, and soils become unlikely and sometimes unruly aesthetic and historical actors, furthering but also unsettling improvement discourse while relocating its historical effects from the region to the city, and providing new readings of the colonial urban landscape.
What Time Was It?
Authors: Vitalis Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination, University of Chicago political theorist Adom Getachew has written a revisionist account of decolonization as “worldmaking” to inspire those who follow trailblazers like Kwame Nkrumah in pursuit of what she calls an “anti-imperial future.” As with other such projects of “imagining,” as Ernest Renan once observed about nationalism, a certain forgetfulness and even historical error would appear essential.
Of numbers and movement – understanding transcription factor pathogenesis by advanced microscopy
Authors: Auer Julia M. T. , Stoddart Jack J. , Christodoulou Ioannis , Lima Ana , Skouloudaki Kassiani , Hall Hildegard N. , Vukojević Vladana , Papadopoulos Dimitrios K. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Transcription factors (TFs) are life-sustaining and, therefore, the subject of intensive research. By regulating gene expression, TFs control a plethora of developmental and physiological processes, and their abnormal function commonly leads to various developmental defects and diseases in humans. Normal TF function often depends on gene dosage, which can be altered by copy-number variation or loss-of-function mutations. This explains why TF haploinsufficiency (HI) can lead to disease. Since aberrant TF numbers frequently result in pathogenic abnormalities of gene expression, quantitative analyses of TFs are a priority in the field. In vitro single-molecule methodologies have significantly aided the identification of links between TF gene dosage and transcriptional outcomes. Additionally, advances in quantitative microscopy have contributed mechanistic insights into normal and aberrant TF function. However, to understand TF biology, TF-chromatin interactions must be characterised in vivo, in a tissue-specific manner and in the context of both normal and altered TF numbers. Here, we summarise the advanced microscopy methodologies most frequently used to link TF abundance to function and dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying TF HIs. Increased application of advanced single-molecule and super-resolution microscopy modalities will improve our understanding of how TF HIs drive disease.
Diversity patterns of plants and arthropods in soybean agro-ecosystems in the Grassland Biome of South Africa
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Paul Duvel , Siebert Stefan John , Masehela Tlou , Ellis Suria , Van den Berg Johnnie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Janse van Rensburg PD, Siebert SJ, Masehela T, Ellis S, Van den Berg J. 2020. Diversity patterns of plants and arthropods in soybean agroecosystems in the grassland biome of South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 5559-5570. Soybean is widely cultivated in the grassland biome of South Africa (ca. 800 000 ha per annum). Yet the possible effects that large-scale cultivation of soybean has on biodiversity in adjacent habitat are not fully understood. This study aimed to describe the plant and arthropod species assemblages and diversity patterns within these soybean agroecosystems. Surveys were conducted inside soybean fields, field boundaries (transition zones between soybean fields and adjacent habitat), and adjacent pasture. An adapted D-vac was used to sample arthropods in the different zones, while plant surveys were conducted by means of fixed width (2 m) line transect. A total of 320 plant species (4910 specimens) and 373 arthropod morpho-species (9216 specimens) were recorded. Soybean fields had significantly lower plant and arthropod diversity than the adjacent habitats. Plant species diversity was similar in the field boundary and adjacent pasture. Significantly higher species richness and abundance of arthropods were found in the boundary than the pasture. These results show that the cultivation of soybean and the associated agricultural practices had no adverse effects on biodiversity patterns in the adjacent habitats. However, the boundary dominated by alien plant species did contain a significantly different plant species composition from the pasture. This difference was also mirrored by unique assemblages of arthropods. This suggests that disturbance resulting from soybean cultivation contributed to species losses and gains that maintained diversity in the field boundary but changed its plant and arthropod species composition. No effect was found in the pasture beyond the boundary (> 50 m). High diversity, but unique species assemblages of plants and arthropods in the boundary and pasture suggest that these habitats may have important conservation value in soybean agroecosystems by supporting ecosystem functions and services.
Flight Activity of the Stingless Bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta in Tropical Conditions as Indicator of the General Health of the Colony
Authors: Barbosa Artur Bruno da Silva , Meneses Hiara Marques , Rosa Felipe Lima , Freitas Breno Magalhães 
Published: December 2020

Bees are prolific pollinators and are responsible for the pollination of most wild and cultivated plants. This study aimed to learn about the flight activity of the stingless bee Plebeia aff. flavocincta in tropical conditions as a parameter to evaluate the general state of the colonies, and to investigate the role of food resources and environmental factors in their flight activities. We recorded the worker flight activity (exit, when they leave the hive; trash, when they discard litter; entry with pollen; and entry without pollen) of four colonies throughout the year and monitored biotic and abiotic conditions that could affect the bee´s external activities, such as blooming and meteorological conditions. Results showed that the colonies remained active throughout the year and presented two major periods of external activity; one corresponding to the greater food supply in the field, and the other to time of the year when there were few food resources available. Also, the four flight activities were all strongly correlated with each other. We concluded that in tropical conditions, external activities of P. aff. flavocincta are regulated mainly due to the food resources available rather than the prevailing weather conditions and they are an important indicator of the general health of the colony.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Risk‐Taking and the Effectiveness of Adolescents’ Contraceptive Use
Authors: Caudillo Mónica L. , Hickman Shelby N. , Simpson Sally S. 
Published: December 2020

CONTEXTLittle is known about whether adolescents’ risk‐taking in areas other than sex is associated with the effectiveness of their contraceptive method use, or whether any such associations vary by race and ethnicity.METHODSData from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were used to examine nonsexual risk behaviors and contraceptive method choice among 5,971 sexually active females aged 13–18. Risk‐taking profiles for White, Black and Hispanic adolescents were identified using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between these risk profiles and use of less‐ or more‐effective contraceptive methods at last sexual intercourse.RESULTSThree distinct risk‐taking profiles were identified for White and Hispanic adolescents and two for Black adolescents. Compared with their counterparts in the low‐risk “abstainer” group, White adolescents in the “high substance use and violence” group were less likely to use condoms alone (relative risk, 0.4) or a prescription contraceptive paired with condoms (0.3) rather than no contraceptive at all, and more likely to use withdrawal or no method rather than condoms alone (2.4 each). However, higher risk‐taking among Whites was positively associated with using prescription contraceptives rather than condoms (1.9). Among Black and Hispanic females, lower risk‐taking was associated only with more condom use.CONCLUSIONSFuture studies should examine whether interventions designed to reduce adolescent risk‐taking improve the effectiveness of contraceptive use, particularly among White females. However, efforts to increase Black and Hispanic adolescents’ use of more‐effective contraceptives should target barriers other than risk‐proneness.Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2020, 52(4):TK, doi:10.1363/psrh.12165
Acquisition, prevalence and clearance of type-specific human papillomavirus infections in young sexually active Indian women: A community-based multicentric cohort study
Authors: Muwonge Richard , Basu Partha , Gheit Tarik , Anantharaman Devasena , Verma Yogesh , Bhatla Neerja , Joshi Smita , Esmy Pulikottil O. , Poli Usha Rani Reddy , Shah Anand , Zomawia Eric , Shastri Surendra S. , Pimple Sharmila , Prabhu Priya R. , Hingmire Sanjay , Chiwate Aruna , Sauvaget Catherine , Lucas Eric , Malvi Sylla G. , Siddiqi Maqsood , Sankaran Subha , Kannan Thiraviam Pillai Rameshwari Ammal , Varghese Rintu , Divate Uma , Vashist Shachi , Mishra Gauravi , Jadhav Radhika , Tommasino Massimo , Pillai M. Radhakrishna , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Jayant Kasturi ,   for the Indian HPV vaccine study group
Published: December 2020

In context of the ongoing multi-centric HPV vaccine study in India, unvaccinated married women (N = 1484) aged 18–23 years were recruited in 2012–2015 as age-matched controls to the vaccinated women and followed up yearly. We assess type-specific prevalence, natural history and potential determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in these unvaccinated women. Cervical samples were collected yearly for at least four consecutive years. A Multiplex Type-Specific E7-Based polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect 21 HPV types.
HPV prevalence was 36.4% during 6 years. Most common HPV types were 16 (6.5%) and 31 (6.1%). Highest persistence were observed for HPV 35 (62.5%) and 52 (25%). New HPV acquisition rate was 5.6/1000 person-months of observation (PMO), highest for HPV 16 (1.1/1000 PMO). Type-specific clearance rates ranged between 2.9–5.5/100 PMO. HPV 16 and/or 18 infections were 41% (95% CI 4–63%) lower among women with 2-<3 years between marriage and first cervical sample collection compared to those with <2 years. HPV prevalence and acquisition rates in young Indian women were lower than their Western counterparts. HPV 16 infections being most common shows the importance and potential impact of HPV vaccination in India. Women with 2–3 years exposure had reduced risk possibly due to higher infections clearance.
Closed-loop control of k-space sampling via physiologic feedback for cine MRI
Authors: Contijoch Francisco , Han Yuchi , Kamesh Iyer Srikant , Kellman Peter , Gualtieri Gene , Elliott Mark A. , Berisha Sebastian , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Pilla James J. , Witschey Walter R. T. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Segmented cine cardiac MRI combines data from multiple heartbeats to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution cardiac images, yet predefined k-space segmentation trajectories can lead to suboptimal k-space sampling. In this work, we developed and evaluated an autonomous and closed-loop control system for radial k-space sampling (ARKS) to increase sampling uniformity.

Methods
The closed-loop system autonomously selects radial k-space sampling trajectory during live segmented cine MRI and attempts to optimize angular sampling uniformity by selecting views in regions of k-space that were not previously well-sampled. Sampling uniformity and the ability to detect cardiac phase in vivo was assessed using ECG data acquired from 10 normal subjects in an MRI scanner. The approach was then implemented with a fast gradient echo sequence on a whole-body clinical MRI scanner and imaging was performed in 4 healthy volunteers. The closed-loop k-space trajectory was compared to random, uniformly distributed and golden angle view trajectories via measurement of k-space uniformity and the point spread function. Lastly, an arrhythmic dataset was used to evaluate a potential application of the approach.

Results
The autonomous trajectory increased k-space sampling uniformity by 15±7%, main lobe point spread function (PSF) signal intensity by 6±4%, and reduced ringing relative to golden angle sampling. When implemented, the autonomous pulse sequence prescribed radial view angles faster than the scan TR (0.98 ± 0.01 ms, maximum = 1.38 ms) and increased k-space sampling mean uniformity by 10±11%, decreased uniformity variability by 44±12%, and increased PSF signal ratio by 6±6% relative to golden angle sampling.

Conclusion
The closed-loop approach enables near-uniform radial sampling in a segmented acquisition approach which was higher than predetermined golden-angle radial sampling. This can be utilized to increase the sampling or decrease the temporal footprint of an acquisition and the closed-loop framework has the potential to be applied to patients with complex heart rhythms.
Modified gemcitabine, S-1, and leucovorin combination for patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A multi-center retrospective study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chia-Yu , Liang Shih-Hsin , Su Yung-Yeh , Chiang Nai-Jung , Wang Hui-Ching , Chiu Chang-Fang , Chen Li-Tzong , Bai Li-Yuan 
Published: December 2020

Background
In pancreatic cancer, toxicities associated with current chemotherapeutic regimens remain concerning. A modified combination of gemcitabine, S-1, and leucovorin (GSL) was used as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods
GSL was administered every 2 weeks—intravenous gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 at a fixed-dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min on day 1 and oral S-1 (80–120 mg/day) plus leucovorin 30 mg twice daily on days 1–7. We retrospectively analyzed the feasibility of GSL and patient outcomes in three medical centers in Taiwan.

Results
Overall, 49 patients received GSL with a median follow-up of 24.9 months from May 2015 to March 2019. The median patient age was 68 years (range, 47–83 years), with a marginally higher number of females (57.1%). Among the 44 patients who underwent image evaluation, 13 demonstrated a partial response (29.5%) and 17 presented with stable disease (38.6%). The partial response rate and stable disease rate was 26.5% and 34.7%, respectively, in the intent-to-treat analysis. The median time-to-treatment failure was 5.79 months (95% C.I., 2.63–8.94), progression-free survival was 6.94 months (95% C.I., 5.55–8.33), and overall survival time was 11.53 months (95% C.I., 9.94–13.13). For GSL treatment, the most common grade 3 or worse toxicities were anemia (18.3%), neutropenia (6.1%), nausea (4.1%), and mucositis (4.1%). Treatment discontinuation was mostly due to disease progression (65.3%).

Conclusions
The modified GSL therapy can be a promising and affordable treatment for patients with advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer in Taiwan. A prospective trial of modified GSL for elderly patients is currently ongoing in Taiwan.
A systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying schistosomiasis infection burden in pre-school aged children (PreSAC) in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2020
Authors: Kalinda Chester , Mindu Tafadzwa , Chimbari Moses John 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionFollowing the adoption of the World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 65.21 and Neglected Tropical Diseases road map 2021–2030, schistosomiasis control programmes have shifted from morbidity control to disease elimination. However, several gaps continue to be observed in the implementation of control programmes with certain age groups omitted from these campaigns increasing health inequalities and risks of reinfections to previously treated groups. We used the Inverse Variance Heterogeneity (IVhet) model to estimate the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection among preschool-aged children.MethodsWe did a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa for the period January 1, 2000 to November 30, 2020. Quantitative data for cases of schistosomiasis infection were extracted, including country and region where the studies were done, year of publication and specific schistosome species observed. The IVhet model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE), the heterogeneity and publication bias.ResultsWe screened 2601 articles to obtain 47 eligible studies containing quantitative data on preschool-aged children. Of the selected studies, 44.7% (n = 22) were from East Africa while the least number of studies obtained (2.1%, n = 1) was from Central Africa. 21712 subjects were screened for infection due toSchistosomaspp; 13924 forS.mansoniand 7788 forS.haematobium. The PPE for schistosomiasis among PreSAC was 19% (95% CI: 11–28). Infection due toS.mansoni(IVhet PPE: 22% (95% CI: 9–36) was higher than that due toS.haematobium(15%; 95% CI: 6–25). A Luis Furuya–Kanamori index of 1.83 indicated a lack of publication bias. High level of heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 90%) and this could not be reduced through subgroup analysis.ConclusionSchistosomiasis infection among pre-school aged children 6 years old and below is high. This indicates the importance of including this age group in treatment programmes to reduce infection prevalence and long-term morbidities associated with prolonged schistosome infection.
Transtorno Desafiador Opositor: Terapia Farmacológica / Opponent Defiant Disorder: Pharmacological Therapy
Authors: Amorim Isabela Dias , Porto Rodolfo De Melo 
Published: December 2020

O transtorno desafiador opositor é mais comum em crianças, causando grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos seus portadores. Objetiva-se, portanto, elucidar as principais terapias farmacológicas que existem para o manejo clínico do paciente com transtorno desafiador opositor. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura feito nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), que possui o intuito de de investigar e analisar pesquisas anteriores que possuam relação com o tema proposto, fornecendo uma compreensão sobre o assunto discutido e produzindo decisões que possam influenciar num aperfeiçoamento na aplicação do manejo que foi analisado. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que frequentemente o tratamento dessa comorbidade precisa do uso de medicações, com ênfase na risperidona, para que se oferte maior comodidade aos seus portadores. Ademais, novos estudos se fazem necessários devido à complexidade da doença.
A Importância do Diagnóstico Precoce para o Tratamento Efetivo do Bruxismo: Revisão de Literatura / The Importance of Early Diagnosis for Effective Treatment in Brussels: Literature Review
Authors: Britto Ana Carolina Santos , Santos Débora Bittencourt Ferreira 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Com a periódica procura pelos Cirurgiões-Dentistas para realizar investigação acerca do bruxismo, e ainda não existindo um fator casual bem estabelecido, este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar por meio de uma revisão de literatura, o bruxismo na infância, seus fatores de predisposição, para assim entender a importância de um diagnóstico precoce para um eficaz plano de tratamento. Metodologia: Neste estudo foi realizado uma revisão de literatura, com busca nas bases de dados (PubMed; Lilacs; e Bireme) de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos e livros, selecionados conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Como critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, escritos em inglês, português, espanhol e francês. Conclusão: Torna-se cada vez mais notório a relevância de um atendimento multiprofissional, quando se refere à esta patologia. Assim, será possível entender a etiologia do bruxismo e com isso realizar um diagnóstico precoce e embasado e consequentemente um tratamento adequado.