bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Closure Techniques in Lateral Skull Base Tumor Surgery
Authors: Malone Alexander , Randall Michael , Boyev K. Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Tumors of the lateral skull base often require collaboration between neurosurgeons and neurotologists for the surgical approach. The three main transosseous surgical approaches are retrosigmoid (RS), translabyrinthine (TL), and middle fossa (MF). The literature reflects a relative paucity regarding the various closure techniques for these approaches and the postoperative complications. We have performed a systematic review comparing closure techniques from each approach.
Methods A systematic review was performed using Ovid MEDLINE (1990–2016) on closure technique and postoperative complications for patients undergoing lateral skull base surgery via the TL, RS, or MF approach. Studies were included if they contained at least 10 patients, described their closure technique, and provided data on postoperative complications.
Results A total of 1,403 studies were reviewed. Of these, 53 studies met inclusion criteria yielding a total of 10,466 subjects in this analysis. The average rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak was 5.3% in the TL approach, 9% in the RS approach, and 6.2% in the MF approach. There was no significant effect of various closure techniques on postoperative wound complications in the MF approach. Multiple factors were identified which affected postoperative wound complication in the RS and TL approaches.
Conclusion There are a plethora of closure techniques for lateral skull base surgery. Several techniques were identified in this review that may affect the postoperative wound complication rates in lateral skull base surgery.
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia with “Microvascular Decompression Plus” Technique
Authors: Liu Ming-Xing , Zhong Jun , Xia Lei , Dou Ning-Ning , Shi Juanhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely accepted as an effective treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), some patients have not been cured. To improve the postoperative outcome, the surgical procedure should be further refined.
Design This is a retrospective study.
Setting Present study conducted at a cranial nerve disorder center.
Participants Clinical data were collected from patients with TN who had undergone surgery in our center, including 685 who had undergone traditional MVD and 576 who had undergone the “MVD plus” procedure, in which any vessel attached to the trigeminal nerve was freed away (“nerve-combing”), which was followed by intraoperative neurolysis.
Main Outcome Measures Postoperative outcomes and complications in the two groups were compared.
Results Among patients who underwent traditional MVD, the rates of immediate relief and 1-year relief were 89.9 and 86.9%, respectively; among patients who underwent MVD plus group, these rates were 95.1 and 94.6%, respectively (p = 0.05). Patients who underwent MVD plus initially exhibited a higher rate of facial numbness (p < 0.05), but this finding decreased over time and reached the same level as that in the traditional MVD group within 3 months (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Sufficient MVD with nerve-combing for the treatment of TN may produce a high rate of cure with less recurrence.
The Relationship between Status at Presentation and Outcomes among Pregnant Women with COVID-19
Authors: London Viktoriya , McLaren Rodney , Atallah Fouad , Cepeda Catherine , McCalla Sandra , Fisher Nelli , Stein Janet L. , Haberman Shoshana , Minkoff Howard 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study was aimed to compare maternal and pregnancy outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with COVID-19. Pregnant women were divided into two groups based on status at admission, symptomatic or asymptomatic. All testing was done by nasopharyngeal swab using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially, nasopharyngeal testing was performed only on women with a positive screen (symptoms or exposure) but subsequently, testing was universally performed on all women admitted to labor and delivery. Chi-square and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests were used to compare outcomes between groups.
Results Eighty-one patients were tested because of a positive screen (symptoms [n = 60] or exposure only [n = 21]) and 75 patients were universally tested (all asymptomatic). In total, there were 46 symptomatic women and 22 asymptomatic women (tested based on exposure only [n = 12] or as part of universal screening [n = 10]) with confirmed COVID-19. Of symptomatic women (n = 46), 27.3% had preterm delivery and 26.1% needed respiratory support while none of the asymptomatic women (n = 22) had preterm delivery or need of respiratory support (p = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion Pregnant women who presented with COVID19-related symptoms and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19 have a higher rate of preterm delivery and need for respiratory support than asymptomatic pregnant women. It is important to be particularly rigorous in caring for COVID-19 infected pregnant women who present with symptoms.
Key Points
Marginal zone SIGN-R1
+
macrophages are essential for the maturation of germinal center B cells in the spleen
Authors: Pirgova Gabriela , Chauveau Anne , MacLean Andrew J. , Cyster Jason G. , Arnon Tal I. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Germinal centers (GCs) are critical for the generation of memory B cells and high-affinity antibody-producing cells. This process is important for protection from acute infections and for establishment of long-lasting immunity in response to vaccination. The microanatomic organization of distinct niches within lymphoid tissues is fundamental for GC responses, as it provides the basis for coordinated interactions between rare antigen-specific cells and antigen-presenting cells. Here we reveal a role for a specialized resident macrophage subset in maintaining positional regulation of a key antigen-presenting cell type within functional niches in the spleen. Our study demonstrates the importance of this regulation to humoral immunity.
Learners’ perceptions of a Wiki-enhanced TBLT approach designed and implemented at the syllabus level
Authors: Zhang Shenglan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study examines learners’ perceptions of an approach for improving Chinese-as-a-Foreign-Language learners’
language proficiency, especially their speaking ability. Built upon the Distributed Design Model, a wiki-enhanced, Task-Based
Language Teaching (TBLT) approach was designed at the syllabus level, taking into consideration various learning contexts. The
approach was implemented and evaluated. Findings show that the overall design of this approach and most of the different
components of the pre-task, core-task (interviews with native speakers, wiki-writing, and in-class presentations), and post-task
activities were very positively perceived by the students. All students liked this design and enjoyed the class. The main reasons
include (1) Students valued the opportunity to interact with native speakers outside the classroom; (2) The in-class presentations
gave them an opportunity to express their personalities; (3) They liked the fact that the wiki-essay writing was connected to the
in-class presentation because this helped them prepare the content of their presentation, also enabled them to develop writing and
speaking on a single topic so they could become more advanced in that topic; (4) They also liked the consistency in organization
and the eight units being procedurally similar. The learners held varying views on a few components of the pre-task and post-task
activities.
Minority positioning in physical and online spaces
Authors: Vuorsola Lasse 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study examines how a Sweden Finnish minority language activist group positions themselves by inserting
graffiti-like stickers into the Swedish Linguistic Landscape, and how the majority populations in Sweden and Finland react to
these revitalisation efforts. Protesting by placing stickers in physical environments is classified as an act of linguistic
citizenship (Isin 2009) and, from the majority’s point of view, these acts are a threat
to the shared cultural moral order. The data consists of pictures posted on Instagram that depict actual physical environments
where activists have placed stickers that encourage the minority to “speak their own language”. The activists utilise temporal,
spatial, textual, and multimodal elements in their discursive construction. As a theoretical framework, I apply Harré and Langehove’s (1991) positioning theory. The results show how minorities position
themselves in relation to the Swedish majority population with the aim of justifying their status and their right to exist.
The linguistic landscape of Nuuk, Greenland
Authors: Valijärvi Riitta-Liisa , Kahn Lily 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present and analyse public and private signs in the Linguistic Landscape of
Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. Nuuk is a trilingual environment including the indigenous language (West Greenlandic), the former
colonial language (Danish), and a global language (English). West Greenlandic is a somewhat unusual case among indigenous
languages in colonial and postcolonial settings because it is a statutory national language with a vigorous use. Our analysis
examines the use of West Greenlandic, Danish, and English from the theoretical perspective of centre vs. periphery, devoting
attention to the primary audiences (local vs. international) and chief functions (informational vs. symbolic) of the signs. As the
first investigation into the Greenlandic Linguistic Landscape, our analysis can contribute to research on signs in urban
multilingual indigenous language settings.
The complementizer layer in Standard Arabic revisited
Authors: Albuhayri Salem , Ouali Hamid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper revisits three issues related to the complementizer
layer (CP) in Standard Arabic. We reexamine them against the backdrop of Shlonsky’s 2000 analysis, and put forward a
new proposal couched in Rizzi’s 1997
split-CP hypothesis. First, we examine the apparent distributional and interpretive
differences between ʔinna and ʔanna, and
subsequently argue that the former is a lexical verum operator that projects a
VerumP in the middle of the split-CP field, whereas ʔanna is an
indicative force head. Second, the current work presents another view on the
elements analyzed as agreement clitics by Shlonsky (2000). We argue that they are not for agreement but rather are
expletive or resumptive pronouns. Evidence that they are not agreement derives
primarily from contexts where they appear in coordinated structures with overt DPs.
We then investigate extraction patterns for questions and focus in matrix clauses as
well as embedded clauses and propose that the preverbal subject DP in SVO is
externally merged in SpecTopP in the split CP while it binds a null
pro in SpecvP. This analysis captures the ban on
extraction across the subject in SVO in that it shows that this DP is already higher
in the structural hierarchy than the positions dedicated for focus and
wh-questions.
Preface: Key technologies for enhancing the performance of FAST
Authors: Jiang Peng , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Xu Ren-Xin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) passed its national acceptance inspection on 2020 January 11. This special issue includes a total of 15 papers, which are selected to introduce the status of FAST’s performance and demonstrate the key technologies applied to FAST. The presented performance parameters can provide an important reference for scientists to propose observations with FAST. The key technologies presented in these papers include design and implementation in the measurement and control system, electromagnetic compatibility system, and receiver system. Finally, scientific achievements obtained by FAST during the commissioning phase are also reported.
The fundamental performance of FAST with 19-beam receiver at L band
Authors: Jiang Peng , Tang Ning-Yu , Hou Li-Gang , Liu Meng-Ting , Krčo Marko , Qian Lei , Sun Jing-Hai , Ching Tao-Chung , Liu Bin , Duan Yan , Yue You-Ling , Gan Heng-Qian , Yao Rui , Li Hui , Pan Gao-Feng , Yu Dong-Jun , Liu Hong-Fei , Li Di , Peng Bo , Yan Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has passed national acceptance and finished one pilot cycle of ‘Shared-Risk’ observations. It will start formal operation soon. In this context, this paper describes testing results of key fundamental parameters for FAST, aiming to provide basic support for observation and data reduction of FAST for scientific researchers. The 19-beam receiver covering 1.05–1.45 GHz was utilized for most of these observations. The fluctuation in electronic gain of the system is better than 1% over 3.5 hours, enabling enough stability for observations. Pointing accuracy, aperture efficiency and system temperature are three key parameters for FAST. The measured standard deviation of pointing accuracy is 7.9″, which satisfies the initial design of FAST. When zenith angle is less than 26.4°, the aperture efficiency and system temperature around 1.4 GHz are ∼0.63 and less than 24 K for central beam, respectively. The sensitivity and stability of the 19-beam backend are confirmed to satisfy expectation by spectral Hi observations toward NGC 672 and polarization observations toward 3C 286. The performance allows FAST to take sensitive observations for various scientific goals, from studies of pulsars to galaxy evolution.
Research on key technologies for installation and maintenance of reflector of FAST
Authors: Song Li-Qiang , Jiang Peng , Wang Qi-Ming , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The reflector of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) consists of 4450 reflector units. Installation of the reflector faces the challenges of large span, complex terrain, serious interference, complex processes, high position and inability to use conventional equipment. The installation technology for the flexible reflector with a large span was specially studied and designed. Two half-span arc-moving cable cranes and two transfer trucks were jointly operated along a path that follows a circular beam. After installation of the reflector was completed, two half-span cable cranes were merged into a set of full-span cable cranes for maintenance of the reflector. Installation of the reflector combines features of unit and site topography of FAST. The installation technology follows scientific and reasonable practices, and is highly efficient and convenient. It represents a breakthrough in many key technologies in construction and maintenance techniques. It has promoted related technical progress in the construction and maintenance of complex projects. It has also provided an important reference for the construction and maintenance of similar projects, and has strong significance and applicability.
The design of China Reconfigurable ANalog-digital backEnd for FAST
Authors: Zhang Xin-Xin , Duan Ran , Yu Xin-Ying , Li Di , Tang Ning-Yu , Ching Tao-Chung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) was launched on 2016 September 25. From early 2017, we began to use the FAST wideband receiver, which was designed, constructed and installed on the FAST in Guizhou, China. The front end of the receiver is composed an uncooled Quad Ridge Flared Horn feed (QRFH) with the frequency range of 270 to 1620 MHz, and a cryostat operating at 10 K. We have cooperated with the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to develop the China Reconfigurable ANalog-digital backEnd (CRANE). The system covers the 3 GHz operating band of FAST. The hardware part of the backend includes an Analog Front-end Board, a wideband high precision Analog Digital Converter, and a FAST Digital Back-end. Analog circuit boards, field programmable gate arrays, and control computers form a set of hardware, software, and firmware platforms to achieve flexible bandwidth requirements through parameter changes. It is also suitable for the versatility of different astronomical observations, and can meet specific requirements. This paper briefly introduces the hardware and software of CRANE, as well as some observations of the system.
RFI measurements and mitigation for FAST
Authors: Zhang Hai-Yan , Wu Ming-Chang , Yue You-Ling , Gan Heng-Qian , Hu Hao , Huang Shi-Jie , Sun Jin-Hai , Peng Bo , Nan Ren-Dong , Collaboration FAST 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) mitigation is essential for supporting the science output of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) due to its high sensitivity. In order to protect FAST from RFI, an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) study has been carried out and the operation of a Radio Quiet Zone (RQZ) is ongoing. RFI measurements of the telescope instruments and monitoring of the active radio services outside the site have revealed the radiation properties of the RFI sources. Based on the measurement results and theoretical analysis, various EMC methods have been implemented for the telescope to decrease the RFIs. Meanwhile, the main RFI sources in the FAST RQZ, such as mobile stations, broadcast stations and navigation instruments, have been identified, and the technical measures have been adopted to protect the quiet radio environment around the site. The early science outputs of FAST have demonstrated the efficiency of RFI mitigation methods.
FAST interstellar scintillation observation of PSR B1929+10 and PSR B1842+14
Authors: Yao Ju-Mei , Zhu Wei-Wei , Wang Pei , Li Di , Lu Ji-Guang , Kou Fei-Fei , Yu Ye-Zhao , Peng Bo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) observations of PSRs B1929+10 and B1842+14. Through analysis of the pulsars’ scintillation pattern, we detected the known scintillation arc from PSR B1929+10 and two previously undetected scintillation arcs from B1842+14. We find that the B1929+10 arc’s curvature scales with observing frequency as η
− ∝ ν
−2.1±0.1 and η
+ ∝ ν
−1.8±0.2, consistent with Arecibo results and the theoretical expectations of η ∝ ν
−2. From the arc curvature, we infer the scattering screen to be located at 0.20±0.02 kpc from the Earth, close to what was measured by RadioAstron at 324 MHz. From B1842+14, we find two scintillation arcs for the first time. The arcs’ curvatures imply that they are caused by two scattering screens located at a distance of 0.3±0.2 kpc and 1.6±0.6 kpc from the Earth, respectively. The screen distance uncertainties mainly come from the uncertainty in pulsar’s dispersion measure (DM)-derived distance. We present these FAST scintillation observations and discuss the future prospect of FAST pulsar scintillation study.
Pilot Hi survey of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps with FAST
Authors: Tang Ning-Yu , Zuo Pei , Li Di , Qian Lei , Liu Tie , Wu Yue-Fang , Krčo Marko , Liu Meng-Ting , Yue You-Ling , Zhu Yan , Liu Hong-Fei , Yu Dong-Jun , Sun Jing-Hai , Jiang Peng , Pan Gao-Feng , Li Hui , Gan Heng-Qian , Yao Rui , Liu Shu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present a pilot Hi survey of 17 Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Hi Narrow Self-Absorption (HINSA) is an effective method to detect cold Hi being mixed with molecular hydrogen H2 and improves our understanding of the atomic to molecular transition in the interstellar medium. HINSA was found in 58% PGCCs that we observed. The column density of HINSA was found to have an intermediate correlation with that of 13CO, following (N(HINSA)) = (0.52 ± 0.26) (N

13CO) + (10 ± 4.1). Hi abundance relative to total hydrogen [Hi]/[H] has an average value of 4.4 × 10–3, which is about 2.8 times of the average value of previous HINSA surveys toward molecular clouds. For clouds with total column density N
H > 5 × 1020 cm–2, an inverse correlation between HINSA abundance and total hydrogen column density is found, confirming the depletion of cold Hi gas during molecular gas formation in more massive clouds. Non-thermal line width of 13CO is about 0-0.5 km s−1 larger than that of HINSA. One possible explanation of narrower non-thermal width of HINSA is that HINSA region is smaller than that of 13CO. Based on an analytic model of H2 formation and H2 dissociation by cosmic ray, we found the cloud ages to be within 106.7 – 107.0 yr for five sources.
Perovskite semiconductors for direct X-ray detection and imaging
Authors: Su Yirong , Ma Wenbo , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Halide perovskites have emerged as the next generation of optoelectronic materials and their remarkable performances have been attractive in the fields of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, etc. In addition, halide perovskites have been reported as an attractive new class of X-ray direct detecting materials recently, owning to the strong X-ray stopping capacity, excellent carrier transport, high sensitivity, and cost-effective manufacturing. Meanwhile, perovskite based direct X-ray imagers have been successfully demonstrated as well. In this review article, we firstly introduced some fundamental principles of direct X-ray detection and imaging, and summarized the advances of perovskite materials for these purposes and finally put forward some needful and feasible directions.
The application of halide perovskites in memristors
Authors: Cao Gang , Cheng Chuantong , Zhang Hengjie , Zhang Huan , Chen Run , Huang Beiju , Yan Xiaobing , Pei Weihua , Chen Hongda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
New neuromorphic architectures and memory technologies with low power consumption, scalability and high-speed are in the spotlight due to the von Neumann bottleneck and limitations of Moore's law. The memristor, a two-terminal synaptic device, shows powerful capabilities in neuromorphic computing and information storage applications. Active materials with high defect migration speed and low defect migration barrier are highly promising for high-performance memristors. Halide perovskite (HP) materials with point defects (such as gaps, vacancies, and inversions) have strong application potential in memristors. In this article, we review recent advances on HP memristors with exceptional performances. First, the working mechanisms of memristors are described. Then, the structures and properties of HPs are explained. Both electrical and photonic HP-based memristors are overviewed and discussed. Different fabrication methods of HP memristor devices and arrays are described and compared. Finally, the challenges in integrating HP memristors with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) are briefly discussed. This review can assist in developing HP memristors for the next-generation information technology.