bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative approach to salvage a case of extensive iatrogenic growing skull fracture resulting from failed craniosynostosis surgeries
Authors: Jeyaraj Priya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe challenges encountered in management of severe cranial deformity and a large iatrogenic ‘growing skull fracture’ in a 10‐year‐old child, developing as the result of two previous unsuccessful craniosynostosis surgeries, are described.Material and MethodsA novel surgical approach was employed with two goals in mind. The first was to relieve the raised intracranial pressure resulting from restenosis of the cranial sutures. This was achieved by fronto‐orbital advancement, which also created adequate space to allow for subsequent unhindered growth of the brain. The second goal was to bridge and reconstruct the large cranial defect that had formed as a result of the ‘growing skull fracture’ effect, resulting from the failed earlier surgeries, and to restore the herniating dura and brain parenchyma back within the cranial vault. This was achieved by raising a wide bifrontal calvarial bone flap, followed by its rotation, kerfing and recontouring before replacement, thus reducing the size of the extensive defect. This was accompanied by osteotomizing and repositioning smaller segments of the flap, to bridge the remaining gaps and restore the integrity and contour of the calvarial shield.Results and ConclusionThis innovative and versatile combination surgery, comprising of advancement of the fronto‐orbital bandeau, and anterior crania vault reshaping by osteotomization and reassembly of the bifrontal bone flap, yielded excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes.
Genome‐wide association coupled gene to gene interaction studies unveil novel epistatic targets among major effect loci impacting rice grain chalkiness
Authors: Misra Gopal , Badoni Saurabh , Parween Sabiha , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Leung Hei , Ladejobi OluFunmilayo , Mott Richard , Sreenivasulu Nese 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRice varieties whose quality is graded as excellent have a lower percent grain chalkiness (PGC) of two per cent and below with higher whole grain yields upon milling, leading to higher economic returns for farmers. We have conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using a combined population panel of indica and japonica rice varieties, and identified a total of 746 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly associated with the chalk phenotype, covered 78 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) regions. Among them, 21 were high‐value QTLs, as they explained at least 10 % of the phenotypic variance for PGC. A combined epistasis and GWAS was applied to dissect the genetics of the complex chalkiness trait, and its regulatory cascades were validated using gene regulatory networks. Promising novel epistatic interactions were found between the loci of chromosomes 6 (PGC6.1) and 7 (PGC7.8) that contributed to lower PGC. Based on haplotype mining only a few modern rice varieties confounded with a lower chalkiness, and they possess several PGC QTLs. The importance of PGC6.1 was validated through multi‐parent advanced generation intercrosses and several low‐chalk lines possessing superior haplotypes were identified. The results of this investigation have deciphered the underlying genetic networks that can reduce PGC to 2%, and will thus support future breeding programs to improve the grain quality of elite genetic material with high‐yielding potentials.
Ergosterol‐targeting fusion antifungal peptide significantly increases the Verticillium wilt resistance of cotton
Authors: Tong Sheng , Yuan Min , Liu Yu , Li Xianbi , Jin Dan , Cheng Xi , Lin Dongmei , Ling Haichun , Yang Danni , Wang Yang , Mao Ajing , Pei Yan , Fan Yanhua 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIncreasing the targeting ability of antifungal proteins towards specific components of fungal cells has the potential to improve their antifungal activity and reduce harmful effects to nontarget cells. To obtain effective disease resistance genes against cotton Verticillium wilt, we constructed several fusion genes, in which binding domains targeting chitin, sphingolipid or ergosterol in the fungal cell wall or cell membrane were individually fused to the antifungal peptide BbAFP1 from entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Transient expression of fusion genes in cotton cotyledons indicated that the BbAFP1::ErBD fusion peptide with an ergosterol binding domain exhibited better disease resistance against V. dahliae than wild‐type BbAFP1 and other fusion genes. BbAFP1::ErBD and BbAFP1 transgenic cotton were obtained and verified by Southern and Western blotting. Compared with BbAFP1‐expressing cotton, BbAFP1::ErBD‐expressing cotton showed higher disease resistance against V. dahliae, with smaller lesion areas (0.07 cm2 vs. 0.16 cm2) on the leaves and a lower disease index (23.9 vs. 34.5). Overexpression of BbAFP1::ErBD by transgenic tobacco also showed enhanced disease resistance against V. dahliae compared with that of the wild‐type gene. These results indicated that construction of fusion antifungal peptides that target fungal cells is a powerful strategy to obtain new anti‐disease genes, and the obtained fusion gene BbAFP1::ErBD has the potential to defend against plant fungal diseases.
Multiple rare‐earth magnet bead ingestion in a pediatric liver‐small bowel‐pancreas transplant recipient: A case report and lessons learned
Authors: Miri Ahmad , Nakayuenyongsuk Warapan , Vargas Luciano , Langnas Alan , Vo Hanh D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIngestion of rare‐earth magnet beads in children has been a public health concern. The potential risk of swallowing multiple magnets is related to magnet attraction to each other, resulting in serious gastrointestinal complications, such as entero‐enteric fistula formation, peritonitis, bowel ischemia or necrosis, bowel perforation, and potentially death. We describe the clinical outcome of a 10‐year‐old child with a liver‐small bowel‐pancreas transplant who swallowed 26 rare‐earth magnetic beads. The patient presented with fever and abdominal pain. Due to difficulty locating the magnets and post‐surgical anatomy changes, only 25 magnets were removed endoscopically. After the procedure, she continued to have abdominal distention and fever, leading to further investigation and subsequently an exploratory laparotomy, which confirmed a walled‐off perforation. She was treated conservatively with bowel rest and antibiotics, without the need for small bowel graft resection. She recovered well and was eventually discharged on her home enteral feeding regimen. This case emphasizes the importance of taking a good history and having a high index of suspicion to diagnose this dangerous clinical condition, especially in children with an associated predisposing condition for foreign body ingestion, such as developmental delay. Early diagnosis of multiple magnet bead ingestion and prompt detection of its complications in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients could help initiate appropriate intervention and prevent intestinal graft loss.
Kinetics and clinical significance of human herpesvirus 6 DNA shedding in saliva after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ogata Masao , Kawano Rie , Satou Takako , Takata Hiroyuki , Yoshida Natsumi , Honda Shuhei , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Takano Kuniko , Kohno Kazuhiro , Kirihara Takehiko , Sato Keijiro , Hiroshima Yuki , Sumi Masahiko , Kurihara Taro , Takeda Wataru , Ueki Toshimitsu , Kobayashi Hikaru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the kinetics and clinical significance of saliva human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) DNA after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsIn this observational study, we quantified HHV‐6 DNA in serially collected plasma and saliva from allogeneic HSCT recipients. Associations between the status of salivary HHV‐6 DNA and the development of HHV‐6 encephalitis, depression, and oral mucosal graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 787 plasma and 434 saliva samples were collected from 56 patients. The cumulative incidence of HHV‐6 DNA in plasma and saliva at 60 days after transplantation was 51.8% and 83.9%, respectively. The peak level of salivary HHV‐6 DNA was significantly higher in patients who displayed plasma HHV‐6 DNA than in those who did not (median, 51,584 copies/mL vs 587 copies/mL; P < .0001). Salivary HHV‐6 DNA levels increased after positive plasma HHV‐6 DNA was detected and remained high during observation period. Despite the frequent occurrence of positive salivary HHV‐6 DNA, no patient developed depression. Positivity of salivary HHV‐6 DNA was not significantly associated with the development of HHV‐6 encephalitis (P = 1.00, Fisher's exact test) or oral mucosal GVHD (P = .71, Grey's test). No significant relationship between salivary HHV‐6 DNA and these diseases was found even when comparing higher HHV‐6 DNA loads in saliva.ConclusionSalivary HHV‐6 DNA levels increased after HHV‐6 DNA was detected in the blood. However, no epidemiological evidence was shown to support a role of salivary HHV‐6 in the development of HHV‐6 encephalitis, depression, and oral mucosal GVHD.
RETRACTED: Potato CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 and its lncRNA counterpart StFLORE link tuber development and drought response
Authors: Ramírez Gonzales Lorena , Shi Li , Bergonzi Sara Bergonzi , Oortwijn Marian , Franco‐Zorrilla José M. , Solano‐Tavira Roberto , Visser Richard G. F. , Abelenda José A. , Bachem Christian W. B. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYPlants regulate their reproductive cycles under the influence of environmental cues, such as day length, temperature and water availability. In Solanum tuberosum (potato), vegetative reproduction via tuberization is known to be regulated by photoperiod, in a very similar way to flowering. The central clock output transcription factor CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (StCDF1) was shown to regulate tuberization. We now show that StCDF1, together with a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) counterpart, named StFLORE, also regulates water loss through affecting stomatal growth and diurnal opening. Both natural and CRISPR‐Cas9 mutations in the StFLORE transcript produce plants with increased sensitivity to water‐limiting conditions. Conversely, elevated expression of StFLORE, both by the overexpression of StFLORE or by the downregulation of StCDF1, results in an increased tolerance to drought through reducing water loss. Although StFLORE appears to act as a natural antisense transcript, it is in turn regulated by the StCDF1 transcription factor. We further show that StCDF1 is a non‐redundant regulator of tuberization that affects the expression of two other members of the potato StCDF gene family, as well as StCO genes, through binding to a canonical sequence motif. Taken together, we demonstrate that the StCDF1–StFLORE locus is important for vegetative reproduction and water homeostasis, both of which are important traits for potato plant breeding.
Inhibition of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis by knockdown of AP‐2 leads to alterations in the plasma membrane proteome
Authors: Tobys David , Kowalski Lisa Maria , Cziudaj Eva , Müller Stefan , Zentis Peter , Pach Elke , Zigrino Paola , Blaeske Tobias , Höning Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) is a central pathway for the internalization of proteins from the cell surface, thereby contributing to the maintenance of the plasma membrane protein composition. A key component for the formation of endocytic clathrin‐coated vesicles (CCVs) is AP‐2, as it sequesters cargo membrane proteins, recruits a multitude of other endocytic factors and initiates clathrin polymerization. Here, we inhibited CME by depletion of AP‐2 and explored the consequences for the plasma membrane proteome. Quantitative analysis revealed accumulation of major constituents of the endosomal‐lysosomal system reflecting a block in retrieval by compensatory CME. The noticeable enrichment of integrins and blockage of their turnover resulted in severely impaired cell migration. Rare proteins such as the anti‐cancer drug target CA9 and tumor markers (CD73, CD164, CD302) were significantly enriched. The AP‐2 knockdown attenuated the global endocytic capacity, but clathrin‐independent entry pathways were still operating, as indicated by persistent internalization of specific membrane‐spanning and GPI‐anchored receptors (PVR, IGF1R, CD55, TNAP). We hypothesize that blocking AP‐2 function and thus inhibiting CME may be a novel approach to identify new druggable targets, or to increase their residence time at the plasma membrane, thereby increasing the probability for efficient therapeutic intervention.
Transfusion of blood components containing ABO‐incompatible plasma does not lead to higher mortality in civilian trauma patients
Authors: Seheult Jansen N. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Hess John R. , Tuott Erin E. , Bahmanyar Mohammad , Campbell Jessica , Fontaine Magali , Khan Jenna , Ko Ara , Mi Jian , Murphy Michael F. , Nykoluk Tara , Poisson Jessica , Raval Jay S. , Shih Andrew , Sperry Jason L. , Staves Julie , Wong Michelle , Yan Matthew T. S. , Ziman Alyssa , Yazer Mark H. ,   The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) collaborative
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the effect on mortality of transfusing ABO‐incompatible plasma from all sources during trauma resuscitation.MethodsDemographic, transfusion, and survival data were retrospectively extracted on civilian trauma patients. Patients were divided by receipt of any quantity of ABO‐incompatible plasma from any blood product (incompatible group) or receipt of solely ABO‐compatible plasma (compatible group). The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality, while other outcomes included 6‐ and 24‐hour mortality. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to model the effect of various predictor variables, including receipt of incompatible plasma, on mortality outcomes.ResultsNine hospitals contributed data on a total of 2618 trauma patients. There were 1282 patients in the incompatible group and 1336 patients in the compatible group. In both the unadjusted and adjusted models, the 6‐hour, 24‐hour, and 30‐day mortality rates were not significantly different between these groups. The patients in the incompatible group were then divided into high volume (>342 mL) and low volume (≤342 mL) incompatible plasma recipients. In the adjusted model, the high‐volume group had higher 24‐hour mortality when the Trauma Injury Severity Score survival prediction was >50%. Mortality at 6 hours and 30 days was not higher in this model. The low‐volume group did not have increased mortality at any of the time points in this adjusted model.ConclusionThe transfusion of incompatible plasma in civilian trauma resuscitation does not lead to higher 30‐day mortality. The finding of higher mortality in a select group of recipients in the secondary analysis warrants further study.
Towards input–output‐based measurements of trade creation and trade diversion
Authors: Muradov Kirill 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses a new approach to quantify trade creation and trade diversion that relies on the structural decomposition analysis in an inter‐country input–output framework. The proposed measure captures the contribution of trade creation (diversion) between two countries to the GDP growth of the home country, partner country and third countries. For a trial calculation, the author uses the 2016 release of the OECD inter‐country input–output tables and focuses on the period 2000–11. Creation, diversion, but also contraction of trade flows are shown to be intrinsic to any pair of countries that may or may not be linked by a trade agreement. There is no evidence that the rise of free trade agreements in 2000s is associated with higher magnitude of these trade effects for an average country pair. The proposed approach is thought to be a useful alternative to econometric estimates of trade creation and trade diversion available to date.
In vivo manipulation of muscle shape and tendinous stiffness affects the human ability to generate torque rapidly
Authors: Monte Andrea 
Published: November 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What are the determinants of muscle belly gearing, and how does it affect the torque rise?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Change in muscle thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis is related to variations in belly gearing. Belly gearing has a key role in the rise of muscle torque and rate of torque development (RTD). Besides, the increase of tendinous tissue stiffness could increase the torque rise as well, and in turn, the RTD. However, changes in the tendinous tissue stiffness showed no effects on muscle fascicle behaviour, suggesting a possible uncoupling between muscle and tendon mechanical properties.

AbstractDuring fixed‐end contractions, muscles bulge in thickness and/or width to maintain a constant volume, whereas tendons lengthen over the entire contraction period. These dynamic changes play a key functional role in modulating the generated torque. However, the literature has revealed a limited understanding of in vivo dynamic muscle–tendon changes during rapid contractions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of belly gearing (belly velocity/fascicle velocity) and its effects on rapid torque production during in vivo fixed‐end contractions. Twenty healthy males were recruited for the study. Muscle shape and tendon stiffness were manipulated by applying a transverse load (2–10 kg) and an ankle rotation manoeuvre, respectively. Ultrafast‐ultrasound was employed to quantify medial gastrocnemius architecture during evoked contraction and a dynamometer was used to measure the muscle torque and quantify the rate of torque development (RTD). Torque and RTD diminished by transverse load application, whereas they increased during the ankle rotation manoeuvre. Belly gearing declined with increasing transverse load but was unaffected by tendinous stiffness variations. Alterations in belly gearing were strongly related to variations in muscle thickness throughout any load applied and affected the torque rise rapidly. In contrast, changes in tendinous tissue stiffness affected the torque rise only but did not modify the muscle shape. These data may suggest that concurrent manipulation of the tendinous tissue stiffness and muscle shape does not affect the explosive rise in torque capacity, suggesting a possible uncoupling between mechanical properties of muscle and tendon.
Spontaneous Negative Entropy Increments in Granular Flows
Authors: Laudani Rossella , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The entropy inequality, commonly taken as an axiom of continuum mechanics, is found to be spontaneously violated in macroscopic granular media undergoing collisional dynamics. The result falls within the fluctuation theorem of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which is known to replace the Second Law for finite systems. This phenomenon amounts to the system stochastically displaying negative increments of entropy. The focus is on granular media in Couette flows, consisting of monosized circular disks (with 10 to 104 disks of diameters 0.01 m to 1 m) with frictional-Hookean contacts simulated by molecular dynamics accounting for micropolar effects. Overall, it is determined that the probability of negative entropy increments diminishes with the Eulerian velocity gradient increasing, while it tends to increase in a sigmoidal fashion with the Young modulus of disks increasing. This behavior is examined for a very wide range of known materials: from the softest polymers to the stiffest (i.e., carbyne). The disks’ Poisson ratio is found to have a weak effect on the probability of occurrence of negative entropy increments.
Multimethod, multidataset analysis reveals paradoxical relationships between sociodemographic factors, Hispanic ethnicity and diabetes
Authors: Knight Gabriel M , Spencer-Bonilla Gabriela , Maahs David M , Blum Manuel R , Valencia Areli , Zuma Bongeka Z , Prahalad Priya , Sarraju Ashish , Rodriguez Fatima , Scheinker David 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPopulation-level and individual-level analyses have strengths and limitations as do ‘blackbox’ machine learning (ML) and traditional, interpretable models. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with complex sociodemographic dynamics that have not been analyzed in a way that leverages population-level and individual-level data as well as traditional epidemiological and ML models. We analyzed complementary individual-level and county-level datasets with both regression and ML methods to study the association between sociodemographic factors and DM.Research design and methodsCounty-level DM prevalence, demographics, and socioeconomic status (SES) factors were extracted from the 2018 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings and merged with US Census data. Analogous individual-level data were extracted from 2007 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey studies and corrected for oversampling with survey weights. We used multivariate linear (logistic) regression and ML regression (classification) models for county (individual) data. Regression and ML models were compared using measures of explained variation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and R2).ResultsAmong the 3138 counties assessed, the mean DM prevalence was 11.4% (range: 3.0%–21.1%). Among the 12 824 individuals assessed, 1688 met DM criteria (13.2% unweighted; 10.2% weighted). Age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education were associated with DM at the county and individual levels. Higher county Hispanic ethnic density was negatively associated with county DM prevalence, while Hispanic ethnicity was positively associated with individual DM. ML outperformed regression in both datasets (mean R2of 0.679 vs 0.610, respectively (p<0.001) for county-level data; mean AUC of 0.737 vs 0.727 (p<0.0427) for individual-level data).ConclusionsHispanic individuals are at higher risk of DM, while counties with larger Hispanic populations have lower DM prevalence. Analyses of population-level and individual-level data with multiple methods may afford more confidence in results and identify areas for further study.