bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nurses Regarding Professionalism in Main Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers and Hospitals in Erbil City/Iraq
Authors: Aziz Kareem Fattah , Bahadin Yousif , kareem Moslih Saber 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives: The term 'professionalism' refers to the conduct, qualities, and goals that characterize a profession and usually describes behaviors that are expected of the members of the profession. Healthcare suppliers demonstrate expertise by attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors that reflect a multi-faceted approach to the regulations, principles, and standards underlying successful clinical practices . The objective of this study is to identify knowledge, practices and attitudes of nurses regarding professionalism and to identify association between variables and (knowledge, practices, attitudes) of nurses regarding professionalism. Methods: Research design: it is a descriptive cross sectional design. The study conducted in main primary health care centers and hospitals in Erbil city. The study was conducted from 1-6-2018 to 1-10-2018. Non- probability sampling technique was done for data collection, the estimated sample size included (100) nurses out of 400 nurses who work in health care centers and hospitals. Data were collected with interview technique with nurses, using the standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of four main parts. The data was analyzed through the application of SPSS program version 23. (Statistical Package for social Science), Results: The results of this study revealed that majority of nurses have (44%) fair knowledge (50%) fair practices and (87%) fair attitudes regarding professionalism and also there was significant association between their level of education and professionalism about (knowledge, practices and attitudes) which represented (P-Value= 0.001) while there was not significant association between other variables and professionalism as for knowledge, practice and attitude (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this study revealed that majority of nurses have fair knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding professionalism and also there was significant association between their level of education and professionalism while there was not significant association between other variables and professionalism.
Relationship of attitudes toward uncertainty and preventive health behaviors with breast cancer screening participation
Authors: Satoh Miho , Sato Naoko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Early detection of breast cancer is effective for prolonging survival, but the participation rate in breast cancer screening among target Japanese women remains low. This study examined the relationships between tendencies in decision-making under uncertainty conditions, health behaviors, demographics, and breast cancer screening participation in Japanese women.
Methods
Data for women aged 40 years or older obtained in the 2017 Keio Household Panel Survey were analyzed. Participants answered questions about breast cancer screening attendance in the last year, risk aversion, time preference, health behaviors (e.g., smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and medical treatment received in the last year), and demographic variables. Responses were analyzed using chi-squared tests, t-tests, and logistic regression analysis. Variables were entered into the regression model if they were significantly associated with breast cancer screening participation in univariate analysis.
Results
A total of 2,729 of 2,945 households responded to the questionnaire. Data from 708 questionnaires were analyzed. Among the respondents, 28.8% had participated in breast cancer screening in the past year. Factors found to significantly contribute to breast cancer screening participation included higher risk aversity (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–5.32; p = 0.043), medical treatment received in the last year (OR, 1.56; 95%CI = 1.06–2.30; p = 0.026), higher self-rated health (OR, 1.47; 95% CI = 1.18–1.83; p = 0.001), living above the poverty line (OR, 2.31; 95% CI = 1.13–4.72; p = 0.022), and having children (OR, 1.57; 95% CI = 1.02–2.42; p = 0.042). Factors not significantly associated with screening participation were smoker (OR, 0.20; 95% CI = 0.10–0.42; p < 0.000), alcohol drinker (OR, 0.56; 95% CI = 0.37–0.86; p = 0.007), self-employed (OR, 0.22; 95% CI = 0.10–0.46; p < 0.000), and unemployed (OR, 0.48; 95% CI = 0.26–0.90; p = 0.022). No significant relationship was observed between time preference and screening participation.
Conclusions
The results indicate that women who recognize the actual risk of developing breast cancer or have high awareness of breast cancer prevention tend to participate in breast cancer screening. Barriers to screening participation are not working for an enterprise that encourages screening and low income.
Anthropometric Changes in Children Under 7 Years old in Nanjing, China from 1995 to 2015
Authors: Chen Ling , Chen Ying , Dong Jing , Li Xi Ling , Yao Tian Hong , Li Yue , Tong Mei Ling , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, there have been several reports about regional trends in physical growth in children of different races around the world. However, no studies on this trend have been reported in Nanjing, China. We decided to assess regional trends in body weight, length/height and head circumference in children (0-7 years old) in Nanjing over the past two decades from 1995 to 2015 and the relationship between socioeconomic development and the trend for increased physical growth.Methods: The results for body weight, length/height and head circumference in 0- to 7-year-old children were obtained from three repeated cross-sectional surveys that were performed using the same methods in the same urban and suburban areas of Nanjing in 1995, 2005 and 2015. The differences in mean values between urban and suburban boys and girls and the increases per decade were compared. Socioeconomic indicators were collected and analysed.Results: There was positive regional growth in height, weight and head circumference of children in Nanjing from 1995 to 2015. The trend for increased height and weight of urban children in the second decade was obviously slower, especially in urban areas. Before 2.5 years old, negative increases in weight and height in urban children were observed. The growth of head circumference from 2005 to 2015 underwent a visibly negative regional change.Conclusion: The increased growth due to rapid social and economic development gradually disappeared, and genetic potential might have been seen in developed areas.
Comparison of Bilateral Ilioinguinal-Ilioihypogastric Nerve Block Versus Transverses Abdominis Nerve Block for Post-Operative Pain Management for Parturient Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abiy Sileshi , Ayalew Nugusu , Aweke Zemedu , Eshete Akine , Mergia Getachew , Mulgeta Hailemariam , Neme Derartu , Mola Simeneh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pain is one of the most common compliant and cause of distress in the perioperative period. The postoperative pain after cesarean section is believed to be of mild to moderate intensity lasting for up to 72 hours. Apart from patient preferences, number of factors affect choices of analgesia in a resource limited setting like Ethiopia. Availability of resources, a trained man power and inter-individual variation in pain threshold were among a factor affecting analgesia choices. Thus, this study aims to compare TAP block versus II/IH block for post cesarean delivery analgesia in resource limited areas where ultrasound guided block is not practiced.Method: A randomized controlled trial study were conducted in Dilla University teaching and referral Hospital found in southern Ethiopia. A pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section was randomized to either TAP block (n = 36) or II/IH block (n = 36) for postoperative pain management. Sample size were calculated using a G-power version 3.1.9.2 getting a total of 72 participants. Pain severity, total tramadol consumption and time to first analgesia request were asses’ during the first 72 hour postoperatively. Many Whitney U-test and independent t-test were used based on distribution of data. A Kaplan Meier analysis was to asses’ proportion of patients who did not require analgesia for 48hour follow up period.Result: The cumulative median tramadol consumption over 48hour were 100 mg for TAP group and 150 mg for II/IH (p = 0.018). The median tramadol consumption at 24hr. and 36 hr. were also lower in TAP group compared to II-IH (P < 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between groups regarding time to first analgesia request (p > 0.05). The median pain score at 36hr. and 48hr. were lower in TAP group (3 and 4) compared to II-IH group (4 and 6) respectively (p < 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the postoperative side effects and complication.Conclusion: Both II-IH and TAP block has comparable analgesic efficacy during the first 24hr. TAP block has a longer analgesic effectiveness compared to II-IH with an effect lasting for 48hr.
Efficacy of a coordinated strategy for containment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriage in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the context of an active surveillance program
Authors: Saporito Laura , Graziano Giorgio , Mescolo Federica , Insinga Vincenzo , Rinaudo Grazia , Aleo Aurora , Bonura Celestino , Vitaliti Marcello , Corsello Giovanni , Vitale Francesco , Maida Carmelo Massimo , Giuffrè Mario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients is a threat, due to the large use of antimicrobial treatment and invasive devices in fragile babies.Since 2014 an active surveillance program of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) carriage is in place in the five NICUs of Palermo, Italy. In 2017 an increase in the prevalence of MDR-GNB and in particular of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) was observed in “Civico” hospital NICU. Aim: To estimate the impact of a coordinated intervention strategy in achieving long-lasting reduction of MDR-GNB prevalence in the NICU.Methods: Rectal swabs were obtained monthly and processed to detect MDR-GNB using standard methods. MDR-GNB were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From November 2017 the following intervention measures were applied: a) two-months strengthening of sample collection; b) stakeholders’ meetings; c) improvement of prevention measures and antimicrobial policy. Prevalence of MDR-GNB carriage observed in the 12 months before and in the 24 months after intervention were compared by chi-square test. Risk factors for MDR-GNB carriage in a subgroup of patients were identified by a multivariate logistic regression model. Findings: During the strengthened microbiological surveillance MDR-GNB and ESBL-KP were detected in rectal swabs (34.8%; 23.2%), nasal swabs (24.6%; 14.5%), oral swabs (14.5%; 5.4%), milk samples (32.1%; 17.9%), soother swabs (30.8%; 17.9%) and from a sub-intensive room surface. Thirteen ESBL-KP strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples showed identical PFGE patterns. ESBL-KP was detected no more until June 2018. No MDR-GNB isolate was detected for three months. Prevalence of MDR-GNB and ESBL-KP carriage after intervention significantly decreased compared to the previous year (20.6% vs 62.2 %; p<0.001 and 11.1% vs 57.8%; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis of principal exposure variables showed that admission in post-intervention period significantly reduced the risk of MDR-GNB carriage (OR=0.15, p=0.01). Conclusions: MDR-GNB broadly circulate in NICU setting and can colonize different body sites and spread by various vehicles. A coordinated strategy of multiple interventions with active cooperation between epidemiologists and clinicians in the NICU can effectively reduce their circulation and in particular the carriage of most dangerous ESBL-KP strains.
A prognostic model of newly diagnosed glioblastoma based on clinical characteristics
Authors: Fang Shengyu , Fan Xing , Wang Yinyan , Jiang Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Using isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations to classify survival outcomes of patients with glioblastoma multiforme was recommended based on novel histopathological classification of brain tumors. Considering this novel classification, it is unclear whether the extent of tumor resection (EOR) is still important. The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic value of clinical factors (age, sex, EOR, status of IDH mutations, and adjuvant therapy) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Methods

In total, 269 patients were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training (n = 179) and validation (n = 90) cohorts. Clinical information and survival outcomes were acquired from inpatient records and follow-ups. After adjusting for risk coefficients, the independent prognostic factors were selected in a multivariable analysis to generate a model to evaluate survival outcomes. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess accuracy for predicting survival outcomes at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months.
Results

Total resection of the contrast-enhanced region, age ≤ 60 years, received chemotherapy, and IDH mutations were favorable independent factors for overall survival. Area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of survival in the training cohort was 0.815, 0.851, 0.849, and 0.836 at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC for prediction of survival was 0.780, 0.807, 0.836, and 0.849 at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months, respectively.
Conclusion

Total resection of the contrast-enhanced region is still crucial and recommended for patients with glioblastoma. Our prognostic model was able to predict survival outcomes, especially for long-term survival prediction.
A New Method to Determine the Humerus Height and Humeral Head Retroversion for Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Wei Wanfu , Li Jian`an , Bu Guoyun , Yang Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Placement of shoulder prosthesis used for reconstruction of a complex proximal humerus fractures is critical because it is related to clinical outcomes after hemiarthroplasty. To achieve the anatomical placement of the prosthesis, we introduced a simple operative method to determine the humerus height and humeral head retroversion, and retrospectively investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of our procedure.Method 34 patients, treated by shoulder arthroplasty for 4-part or 3–part proximal humeral fracture during the period between June 2016 and December 2018, were enrolled in the study. Eventually 29 patients, 18 women and 11 men with an average age of 68.4 years (range 58–85 years), were followed up successfully. Of which 13 patients treated with classic method were matched to 19 of the 29 new method treated patients by operation time, blood loss, pain, range of motion, Constant-Murley score and radiographic features.Results There was a significant difference between the two treatment groups in operation time (p = 0.024), while there was no significant difference in blood loss (p = 0.078). No significant difference was found between the two treatment groups in Visual Analog scale (p = 0.225), Constant-Murley score (p = 0.930), and radiological outcomes (p = 0.504). There was linear regression and correlation between Constant-Murley score and age (p = 0.027), while there was no linear relationship between status of tuberosity and the function of the shoulder joint (p = 0.931).Conclusion We introduce a new operative technique to determine the humerus height and humeral head retroversion for shoulder arthroplasty operation. Based on the data, there is linear regression and correlation between Constant-Murley score and age, while there is no linear relationship between status of tuberosity and the function of the shoulder joint. Our present analyses reveal that our protocol is personalized, easy, effective and feasible.
Relationship between oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index, body composition and blood biochemical markers in overweight /obese compared to normal weight subjects: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Madani Zahra , javardi Maryam sadat Mousavi , Djazayeri Seyyed abolghassem , Movahedi Ariyo , Karandish Majid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroumd: Obesity is an important preventable disease, which promotes the development of chronic disorders by altering several factors including oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants protect the body against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index with obesity and its associated features in adults.Methods: participants were divided in two groups of normal weight and overweight /obesity. General characteristics were registered and a 147-item food frequency questionnaire was completed. Thereafter, anthropometric measurements were conducted. Biochemical indices were obtained from science and Research branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran. The amount of the dietary ORAC index was estimated using the data provided by the USDA Foods Table.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the normal and overweight/obese groups in terms of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0.0001). Participants with normal weight consumed more fruits and vegetables than another group. Also, the dietary ORAC index in normal individuals was higher than the case group, but there was not significant difference (P=0.352). There was also a significant inverse correlation between dietary ORAC and BMI and WHR, whereas a significant positive correlation between dietary ORAC and plasma HDL was observed (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that dietary antioxidants is inversely associated with BMI, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total Cholesterol and LDL in both groups. It seems that following a diet rich in antioxidants can counteract obesity and its associated comorbidities.
The Correlation and Appropriateness Between Affect Valence of Consumer and Design Feature: Preliminary Evidence from an Event-Related Potentials Investigation
Authors: Wang Ching-yi , Yang Chao-Yang , Pao Chang-Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Consumer requests in selecting products in recent years have been transformed from the functional practicability to affect request. The affect factors have a great influence on the decision-making process of consumers when purchasing products. This study takes the watch as the research example, discusses the effects and correlation of its design feature to the emotions; the results are supplemented by the objective reflection of measuring brain waves. Results: Brain wave readings of 16 interviewees with designing backgrounds are recorded, as well as the reflection brain zone and amplitude of the LPC component with the Event-related Potentials (ERPs). The research verified that the shape, percentage, patterns and colors will affect the emotional reactions of consumers’ brains. Conclusions: The research results can promote an ERP measurement tool to detect relevant consumer topics or design research. In addition, the combination and matching of different design elements can also serve as the designing parameters for the innovation of a digit model, as well as raise the systematic emotion design in accordance with the design factors that effectively affect consumers’ emotions.
Mechanism of Multi-loop Edgewise Archwire technique in correcting anterior open bites of Class II malocclusion patients with temporomandibular disorders - cephalometric assessment
Authors: Liu Huanye , Suh Heeyeon , Jung Young-Eun , Xu Kaiyuan , Zhang Dan , Oh Heesoo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: An anterior open bite is considered challenging to treat because of its multifactorial etiology. Condylar resorption, which is one of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms, has been identified as an etiologic factor of anterior open bites. It is essential to find an effective and efficient method to correct open bites while reducing the risk of exacerbating TMD during orthodontic treatment.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the multi-loop edgewise archwire (MEAW) technique in correcting anterior open bite in patients with TMD. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 20 patients with anterior open bites and TMD were included. 19 cephalometric measurements and 2 open bite indices were evaluated. A paired t-test was used to assess changes between pre- and post-treatments. Results: There were statistically significant changes after the treatment using the MEAW technique. The cephalometric measurements, including vertical positions of the incisors and molars, changed significantly. The maxillary and mandibular regional superimpositions for a subgroup of non-extraction patients showed slight intrusion of the upper molars (-0.6±1.0mm, p=0.04) and slight extrusion of the lower molars (1.0±1.1mm, p<0.01). Open bite correction was achieved predominantly through retraction and extrusion of the upper and lower incisors. Conclusions: The anterior open bite was successfully corrected by using the MEAW technique. However, the primary mechanism was the extrusion of the anterior teeth with a maintained vertical dimension. In the absence of apparent symptoms of joint discomfort, it is effective and relatively safe to use the MEAW technique to treat open bite patients with TMD.
Operative invasiveness does not affect the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Usuda katsuo , Uramoto Hidetaka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between operative invasiveness and the prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have undergone surgery has been controversial.Methods: Clinical data were analyzed for 463 NSCLC patients. Operative invasiveness was defined by wound length, operation time, and the postoperative C-reactive protein (postCRP) level. The operative approach was divided into video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy.Results: The wound length and operation time were significantly correlated with the postCRP level (correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.39, p<0.01; CC = 0.54, p<0.01, respectively). The postCRP level in the VATS group was significantly lower than that in the thoracotomy group (12.2 mg/dl vs 20.58 mg/dl, p<0.01). The relapse-free survival differed significantly based on wound length (p<0.01), operation time (p=0.01), CRP level (p<0.01), and operative approach (p<0.01). The carcinoembryonic antigen level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; p = 0.02), pathological stage (pStage) (HR, 2.57; p < 0.01), vascular invasion (HR, 1.95; p = 0.01), and preoperative CRP level (preCRP) (HR, 1.91; p < 0.01) were identified as significant prognostic factors for relapse-free survival in a multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that smoking history (HR, 2.36; p = 0.03), pStage (HR, 3.26; p < 0.01), and preCRP level were significant prognostic factors for overall survival.Conclusion: Although the VATS approach might be less invasive procedure for NSCLC patients, operative invasiveness does not affect the prognosis. Trial registration: The Institutional Review Boards of Kanazawa Medical University approved the protocol (approval number: I392), and written informed consent was obtained from all of the patients.