bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-079 Hand Preference in Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: J Ryan , D Kreiner , S Gontkovsky , A Paolo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Research has identified common genetic influences on handedness and neurological/mental health phenotypes. It also has been shown there may be increased risk for development of neurological disorders/diseases among individuals naturally left-handed or demonstrating non-right-hand preference. This investigation examined prevalence of right-handed versus non-right-handed individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to controls.

Method
Participants were 264 patients with PD (mean age = 69.83 years) and 256 control volunteers (mean age = 71.42 years). Mean Dementia Rating Scale composites for the groups were 123.68 and 136.00, respectively. Participants self-identified their dominant hand for writing and usage was confirmed during the session.

Results
Proportions of non-right- and right-handed controls (7.0% and 93.0%) versus individuals with PD (6.8% and 93.2%) did not differ. Changes in proportions of non-right- and right-handedness across age ranges were not significant for controls or patients. There was a trend for a larger proportion of women (55.9%) versus men among controls (44.1%), □ 2 (1) = 3.29, p &lt; .10; whereas, the proportion of men (64.4%) with PD was larger than that of women. (35.6%), □ 2 (1) = 21.31, p &lt; .001. For controls and patients, non-right and right handedness gender proportions were similar.

Conclusions
This study is the first to assess handedness prevalence rates in PD. Results suggest prevalence of non-right handedness is similar in PD and healthy individuals and does not appear to differ markedly by gender or with advancing age. The occurrence of a trend for a larger proportion of women than men among controls is consistent with census-based statistics.
A-084 Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic and Qualitative Review of Nonmotor Cognitive Outcomes Since FDA Approval of ExAblate, 2016–2019
Authors: J Lennon , I Hassan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
ExAblate received FDA approval for treatment of a range of movement disorders, including tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (TDPD), dyskinetic PD, and essential tremor. This incisionless device permits magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for ablation of regions of interest. This systematic review sought to 1) determine the extent of literature on nonmotor cognitive outcomes of MRgFUS, 2) investigate differences in postoperative outcomes, 3) suggest future research directions.

Data Selection
PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library databases were searched January 2016 to January 2020. Guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses were used to review clinical trials comprehensively assessing pre- and postoperative neurocognitive functioning in PD patients undergoing MRgFUS. Due to limited literature, TDPD was expanded to dyskinetic PD.

Data Synthesis
Twenty-two abstracts were initially reviewed. After full-text review of eight articles, two studies included comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations of PD patients undergoing MRgFUS thalamotomy/pallidotomy—these occurred in different countries with different normative data, prohibiting quantitative comparison. Most excluded studies used only brief cognitive screeners with unsubstantiated cutoffs.

Conclusions
Few studies to-date have administered comprehensive neuropsychological batteries to ascertain MRgFUS risks to neurocognitive functioning in PD and how it compares to deep brain stimulation. Cognitive declines appear to be minimal following MRgFUS, with exceptions being verbal fluency and inhibition. These results are limited by sample size and sample diversity. Studies must extend beyond brief screeners when assessing PD populations vulnerable to decline. Further, consensus on a comprehensive battery would better serve replicability and the ability to engage in useful meta-analyses.
A-087 Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Neurocognitive Implications of Major Depressive Disorder Among People Living with HIV
Authors: K Fidaleo , D Byrd , M Rivera Mindt , M Aghvinian , M Savin , A Summers 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
While low socioeconomic status (SES) and major depression are highly co-occurring among people living with HIV (PLWH), there is a paucity of literature examining how these factors may influence neurocognition. Thus, this study aimed to identify the interactive effects of SES and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) within a diverse sample of PLWH.

Method
A sample of 119 PLWH (47 with lifetime MDD, 72 without MDD) underwent a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, neuromedical examination, psychiatric/substance use evaluations, and urine toxicology. The Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status served as a proxy for SES. A lifetime MDD diagnosis was determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. After adjusting for covariates (i.e., illicit opiate positive urine toxicology), a series of least squares regression analyses tested the interactive effects of SES and MDD upon seven demographically-adjusted neurocognitive domain T-scores.

Results
The interactive effects of SES and MDD were significantly associated with the domain of attention/working memory (F(4, 109) = 4.34, p = .003, R2 = .14), such that PLWH and lifetime MDD performed better as SES increased (β = .38, SE = .12, p = .002). SES did not influence performance in attention/working memory among those without MDD. Significant interactive effects were not observed in other domains.

Conclusions
Those with higher SES and lifetime MDD performed better across tests of attention/working memory, suggesting heightened access to various resources associated with higher SES could be providing neurocognitive benefits to PLWH and MDD. Future directions should examine this interaction longitudinally and evaluate differences in the severity/duration of MDD.
A-090 Response Time on Cognitive Measures is Associated with Motor-Based Strategy Use in a Trichotillomania Treatment Sample
Authors: E Carlson , E Malloy , D Haaga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study used follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for trichotillomania. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between strategy use and two cognitive measures.

Method
Thirty participants met diagnostic criteria at the start of the study and completed a follow-up assessment 3- or 6-months post-treatment. The sample was 80% female and the mean age was 34.Participants completed a trichotillomania strategy use form which presents a list of strategies that are organized into 5 categories: sensory (e.g., using a scalp massager), cognitive (e.g., cognitive restructuring), affective (e.g., engaging in pleasurable activities), motor (e.g., using fidget toys), and place (e.g., putting sticky notes on mirrors). Participants were asked to circle any strategies they currently use, and the number of strategies used in each domain was counted. Participants also completed cognitive measures including a stop-signal task and a gambling task. Correlational analyses were conducted comparing the primary outcome variables on the cognitive measures to the number of strategies used in each of the 5 domains.

Results
Pearson correlations revealed significant negative correlations between the use of motor pulling strategies and mean decision-making time on the gambling task r (28) = −.619, p &lt; .001 and stop signal reaction time r (28) = −.418, p = .022. Spearman rank-order correlations confirmed these results.

Conclusion
The use of motor coping strategies is associated with faster responses to task relevant stimuli. The current findings indicate that fast motor-based response time may make motor-based strategies more accessible to these individuals.
A-091 Neuropsychological findings in a Pediatric Case of Rhombencephalosynapsis
Authors: M Engelmann , C Austin , A Benjaminov , A Okoro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare cerebellar malformation resulting in agenisis/hypogenesis of the vermis. The main clinical features include truncal and/or limb ataxia, neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities, hydrocephalus, and dysmorphic signs, as well as difficulties with attention and emotional/behavioral regulation. This case contributes to the RES literature by providing a pediatric neuropsychological profile of RES with features of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome (GLHS) alongside imaging and comparison with related syndromes (e.g. GLHS, Autism, Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), ADHD).

Method
The patient is a 12-year-old male with a complex medical history including hydrocephalus, strabismus, gross/fine motor delays, and bilateral alopecia. Psychiatric history includes anxiety, depression, mood lability, and social difficulties. Incidental imaging findings of rhombencephalosynapsis were found during Neurology consult. Imaging showed stable ventriculomegaly, aqueductal stenosis, and low lying cerebellar tonsils. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was completed to assist with treatment recommendations.

Results
Neuropsychological testing demonstrated above average intellectual/reasoning abilities, with relative weaknesses (base rate difference &lt; 5%) in attention, working memory, and processing speed. Primary deficits in shifting/flexibility within executive functioning tasks and social/emotional functioning, including rigidity of expectations, poor perspective taking, and all-or-nothing characterization of people and events. Fine motor deficits were also observed.

Conclusions
The RES literature is sparse, particularly for pediatric cases with average or better intellectual functioning. This case study provides concurrent neurological and neuropsychological findings which have been implicated in related conditions with cerebellar abnormalities, particularly the a) absence of the vermis and associated emotional lability and b) executive deficits of shifting/flexibility affecting cognitive, social, and emotional functioning.
A-093 Neuropsychological Functioning in an 8-year-old female with Friedreich’s Ataxia
Authors: E Marston , L Katz , N Cruz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
An 8-year old female in the 3rd grade was referred for an evaluation due to concerns surrounding attention, academics, and motor skills in the context of Friedreich’s Ataxia (FA). FA is the most common genetically inherited ataxia (Delatycki et al., 2000). Neurocognitively, deficits in processing and motor speed, visuospatial reasoning, and executive function have been documented in FA (Nieto et al., 2012; Mantovan et al., 2006; Schmahmann et al., 1998). This case study expands on the limited literature on the neuropsychological profile of children with FA.

Methods
Patient was diagnosed with FA in 2014 following genetic testing significant for over 1,000 repeats of the Frataxin gene. She has experienced a steady decline in her gross-, fine-, and oral-motor skills. Patient requires a personal aide at school to ensure safety ambulating and manage her attention and learning challenges.

Results
Intellectual ability was estimated as average (WISC-V: GAI = 92). She exhibited significant deficits in reading, writing, and mathematics, clustering around an early 1st grade level (WIAT-III). She presented with attention and executive function impairments (CPT-3, TEA-Ch, NEPSY-II). Motor coordination difficulties were characteristic of FA (WRAVMA, Finger Tapper).

Conclusion
Patient demonstrated deficits in motor coordination, processing speed, attention, and executive function typical of FA, given its cerebellar pathology and impacted corticocerebellar pathways. The etiology of her learning challenges is unknown, as these domains are not typically impacted in FA. Future investigation of the relationship between FA and other neurocognitive domains is warranted.
A-098 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Adults with Autism
Authors: B Mcdonald , C Golden , K Willeumier , D Amen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and healthy controls.

Method
Healthy controls [n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female] and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [n = 62, Mage = 29.8, 75.8% male] were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = .001) were found for gender [χ(2) = 13.4] and age [t(141) = −4.8] between groups. Multiple ANCOVA controlled for gender and age on outcomes of rCBF across 17 brain regions from Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were analyzed.

Results
Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,143) = 9.43, p = .003; right: F(1,143) = 14.2, p &lt; .001] and basal ganglia [left:F(1,143) = 8.2,p = .005; right:F(1,143) = 10.3, p = .002]. Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum and lower perfusion in the basal ganglia in the group with ASD. No significant differences were found bilaterally in limbic system, motor sensory strip, vermis, or occipital, parietal, frontal, or temporal lobes.

Conclusion
Results indicated that individuals diagnosed with ASD have diminished rCBF in the basal ganglia and increased rCBF in the cerebellum. Previous research supports these conclusions, as the basal ganglia is linked with repetitive and/or restricted motor behaviors, and the cerebellum aids in understanding gross motor and coordination in ASD, as well as social interactions, and language and communication. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of ASD, interventions focused on sensory-motor abilities, such as sensory enrichment (Woo and Leon, 2013), can show a decrease in motor behaviors and improve cognition. Future studies should control for potential comorbidities, the severity of ASD, and medication usage.
A-102 The Relationship Between Retinal and Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia
Authors: D Demmin , S Klein , S Silverstein 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The retina may provide a unique window into brain structure and function as an accessible part of the central nervous system. Abnormalities in retinal cell structure and function have been associated with brain pathology (e.g., brain volume loss, cognitive impairment) in several neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., MS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). A number of prior studies using flash electroretinography (fERG) have reported reduced retinal cell activity in schizophrenia (SZ). Impairments in cognitive functioning are a core feature of SZ and deficits in executive control processes involving prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity are strong predictors of functional capacity. This study examined whether retinal cell functioning is related to brain function, as indexed by cognitive function, in SZ, and if these relationships were stronger in particular domains (e.g., PFC dependent functions vs. less PFC dependent functions).

Method
Twenty-six SZ participants and 24 healthy controls (HC) completed fERG and cognitive testing. fERG measurements included a-wave (photoreceptor cells), b-wave (bipolar-Müller cells), and oscillatory potential (OP; amacrine cells) amplitudes and implicit times. Cognitive tests assessed executive control processes (i.e., attention/processing speed, behavior initiation, response inhibition, working memory), and non-executive control processes (i.e., emotion recognition/discrimination).

Results
In the HC group, a-wave amplitude was correlated with cognitive test scores and OP amplitude was related to cognitive performance in the SZ group. However, overall, retinal cell activity did not appear to be strongly related to scores on cognitive tasks, regardless of whether or not they involved frontal brain regions.

Conclusion
Impairments in retinal and cognitive functioning may reflect distinct disease mechanisms in schizophrenia.
A-103 Normative Reference Values and Item-Level Symptom Endorsement for the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function-8-Item Short Form in Adults with Mental Health Problems
Authors: J Marsh , G Iverson , E Connors , D Terry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of the study is to present normative data and reliability statistics for the PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function-8-Item Short Form for the total normative sample and subgroups with mental health problems.

Method
The PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function 8-Item Short Form measures subjective cognitive difficulties (raw score range = 8–40). We stratified the normative sample from the US general population (n = 1,009; 51.1% women) by gender, self-reported history of a depression or anxiety diagnosis, and recent mental health symptoms (i.e., endorsed frequent anxiety or depression symptoms in the last week) and examined cognitive symptom reporting.

Results
Those with past or present mental health difficulties obtained lower raw scores on the measure, reflecting greater cognitive symptom reporting. This was apparent in men (all men, M = 31.06, SD = 7.68; depression group, M = 26.74, SD = 8.09; anxiety group, M = 26.95, SD = 7.54; mental health group M = 24.73, SD = 7.79) and women (all women M = 33.23, SD = 7.32; depression group, M = 29.78, SD = 8.57; anxiety group, M = 30.19, SD = 7.81; mental health group, M = 28.60, SD = 8.61). The base rates for endorsing three or more cognitive symptoms was greater in those with mental health problems (men: full sample = 19.7%; depression group = 37.1%; anxiety group = 32.8%; mental health group = 45.7%; women: full sample = 10.1%; depression group = 22.8%; anxiety group = 19.4%; mental health group = 24.8%). Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.92 to 0.95.

Conclusions
The PROMIS® v2.0 Cognitive Function-8-Item Short Form is a reliable measure of subjective cognitive functioning across genders and mental health status. Those with past or present mental health difficulties report a greater number of cognitive symptoms. It may be important to address these difficulties in clinical practice.
A-109 Anxiety Influences Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Comparison Adult Bilinguals Stroop Color Word Test Performance
Authors: E Torres , D Lopez-Hernandez , P Litvin , R Cervantes , R Rugh-Fraser , A Bueno , J Knight , F Martinez , W Olmos , F Zakarian , M Lee , D Budding , P Vespa , D Hovda , D Mcarthur , D Plurad , J Fuster , D Hardy , E Woo , M Wright 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We evaluated symptoms of anxiety (via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS, HADS-A) on Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) performances in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors, as compared to healthy comparison participants (HC).

Method
The sample consisted of 40 acute TBI survivors [ATBI; 30 normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA); 10 abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA)], 30 chronic TBI survivors (CTBI; 16 NSA; 14 ASA), and 50 HC’s (28 NSA; 22 ASA). All participants passed performance validity testing. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word (SCWT-CW) conditions. A series of ANOVAs were used to evaluate SCWT performances.

Results
ANOVA revealed a main effect group on the SCWT-C, p = .011, and SCWT-CW, p = .018, with HC’s outperforming the ATBI group. Furthermore, HC outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, p = .004. We also found that the ASA outperformed the NSA group on the SCWT-W, p = .036. No interactions emerged between group and anxiety.

Conclusion
The HC group outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, but only the ATBI group on SCWT-C and SCWT-CW. Furthermore, we found that there were only differences between the anxiety groups on the SCWT-W. Our findings highlight that anxiety impacts HC and TBI groups differently on the SCWT.
A-112 Validity of In-Person Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury Inpatients Using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone
Authors: C Diblasio , T Novack , E Cook , R Kennedy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Examine the correlation of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) with established neuropsychological tests in an inpatient traumatic brain injury (TBI) population.

Method
Participants were 55 patients aged 18–76 years (M age = 37 years; 69% male) receiving inpatient rehabilitation for new-onset TBI at a level I trauma center, acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. The BTACT is a brief cognitive test battery consisting of the following subtests: Word List Immediate and Delayed Recall (episodic verbal memory), Digits Backward (working memory), Number Series (inductive reasoning), Animal Fluency (verbal fluency), and Backward Counting (processing speed). With the intention of mirroring cognitive functions measured by the BTACT, the neuropsychological battery was comprised of the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT-2), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Digit Span, Trail Making Test (TMT), semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Results
The BTACT was related to established neuropsychological tests across composite scores of overall cognition (r = .64, p &lt; .001), episodic verbal memory (r = .66, p &lt; .001), and executive function (r = .56, p &lt; .001). For BTACT subtests, Word List Immediate Recall and Word List Delayed Recall were correlated with CVLT-2 learning trials total (r = .57, p &lt; .01) and long delay free recall (r = .60, p &lt; .001), respectively. BTACT Digits Backward correlated with WAIS-IV Digit Span (r = .51, p &lt; .01). BTACT Animal Fluency was related to semantic fluency (r = .65, p &lt; .01), phonemic fluency (r = .60, p &lt; .01), and TMT-B (r = .39, p &lt; .01).

Conclusion
BTACT composite scores of overall cognition, verbal memory, and executive function are valid measures in a TBI inpatient population.
A-117 Sleep Disruption has a Stronger Influence on Self-reported Neurobehavioral Status than Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Military Service Members and Veterans
Authors: R Lange , L French , J Bailie , L Hungerford , S Lippa , T Brickell 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine the relation between sleep disruption and neurobehavioral outcome following mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Participants were 509 U.S. military service members/veterans divided into four groups: uncomplicated mild TBI (n = 183; MTBI); complicated mild TBI and moderate–severe TBI (n = 96; STBI); injured controls (n = 138; IC); and non-injured controls (n = 92; NIC). Participants completed a 2-hour neurobehavioral test battery 12 or more months post-injury that included the PTSD Checklist and 13 scales from the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL). Using the TBI-QOL Sleep Disturbance scale, participants were classified into two ‘Sleep’ subgroups: Poor Sleep (55 T or higher) or Good Sleep (50 T or lower).

Results
A higher proportion of the MTBI group was classified as having Poor Sleep (79.2%) compared to the IC (64.5%) and STBI (58.3%) groups; and all were higher than the NIC group (40.2%). In each group separately, participants with Poor Sleep had significantly worse scores on all TBI-QOL scales compared to those with Good Sleep (all p’s &lt; .001, d = .68 to d = 1.98). Participants with Poor Sleep consistently had worse TBI-QOL scores regardless of TBI severity or the presence/absence of TBI (all p’s &lt; .05). Additionally, there was a significant interaction between Sleep and PTSD. Both factors combined resulted in worse outcome than either factor alone (p’s &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Poor Sleep had a very strong influence on self-reported neurobehavioral outcome, and a greater influence on outcome than TBI severity or the presence/absence of TBI. Poor Sleep may be a useful ‘risk factor’ that can be used clinically to identify individuals in need of early intervention.