bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is structural inequality made fair in a meritocratic education system?
Authors: Talib Nadira 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper examines how, within the context of meritocracy, a highly differentiated education system can coexist
with assertions of equal opportunity. Drawing on the example of Singapore’s education policy texts from 1991 to 2012, the paper
exemplifies and expands the analytical potential of a micro-meso-macro movements framework with which to critically engage the
discursive role of neo-liberal metaphors in ameliorating the tension of providing ‘equal opportunities’ between students who will
undertake the university pathway and those who will have to undergo vocational training. Based on the interconnected discourses of
opportunity-choice and opportunity-skills through a more flexible system, the analytical
development of these two simultaneous sub micro-meso-macro movements demonstrates how the playing field is
levelled, and competition for society’s occupations and academic progression is fair even for Vocational and Industrial Training
Board Act (VITB) trainees.
Polarization converter of single photons on a two-dimensional quantum dot in an optical microresonator
Authors: Tsukanov A V , Kateev I Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A polarization conversion of a single photon using a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) coupling to a two-mode optical microresonator (MR) is studied. The rotation angle of the polarization vector depends on the orientation of QD axes with respect to MR ones, parameters of the system, and a conversion regime. A nanostructure based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupling to a single-electron QD is considered as the possible converter design. It is shown that this structure can also act as a beam splitter and perform the quantum operation NOT on a spatial photon qubit.
Glassy dynamics from generalized mode-coupling theory: existence and uniqueness of solutions for hierarchically coupled integro-differential equations
Authors: Biezemans Rutger A , Ciarella Simone , Çaylak Onur , Baumeier Björn , Janssen Liesbeth M C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) is a first-principles-based and systematically correctable framework to predict the complex relaxation dynamics of glass-forming materials. The formal theory amounts to a hierarchy of infinitely many coupled integro-differential equations, which may be approximated using a suitable finite-order closure relation. Although previous studies have suggested that finite-order GMCT leads to well-defined solutions, and that the hierarchy converges as the closure level increases, no rigorous and general result in this direction is known. Here we unambiguously establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to generic, schematic GMCT hierarchies that are closed at arbitrary finite order. We consider two types of commonly invoked closure approximations, namely mean-field and exponential closures. We also distinguish explicitly between overdamped and underdamped glassy dynamics, corresponding to hierarchies of first-order and second-order integro-differential equations, respectively. We find that truncated GMCT hierarchies closed under an exponential closure conform to previously developed mathematical theories, both in the overdamped and underdamped case, such that the existence of a unique solution can be readily inferred. Self-consistent mean-field closures, however, of which the well-known standard-MCT closure approximation is a special case, warrant additional arguments for mathematical rigor. We demonstrate that the existence of a priori bounds on the solution is sufficient to also prove that unique solutions exist for such self-consistent hierarchies. To complete our analysis, we present simple arguments to show that these a priori bounds must exist, motivated by the physical interpretation of the GMCT solutions as density correlation functions. Overall, our work contributes to the theoretical justification of GMCT for studies of the glass transition, placing this hierarchical framework on a firmer mathematical footing.
Preparation of boron-doped diamond modified by bimetal nickel and zinc
Authors: Putri Y M T A , Jiwanti P K , Irkham  , Gunlazuardi J , Einaga Y , Ivandini T A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNickel has been known as a good catalyst due to its high activity and stability, but the potential formation of NiOOH is quite high. In this work, zinc together with nickel was used to modify the surface of boron-doped diamond (BDD) to lower the formation potential of NiOOH. Electro-deposition (multi pulse amperometry) technique was applied at a potential of -1.6 V for 600 s. The prepared electrode (NiZn-BDD) characterized using SEM-EDX and XPS shows that both nickel and zinc were deposited homogenously on the surface of BDD with the ratio of 1:2 for nickel:zinc.
Preparation and characterization of β-Cyclodextrin/Fe3O4 nanocomposite
Authors: Saepudin E , Willyam S J , Irkham  , Ivandini T A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Host-guest mechanism and the formation of inclusion complexes between β-cyclodextrin (BCD) with cholesterol as the electroactive species can indicate a non-enzymatic sensor of cholesterol. For that purpose, in this study, BCD functionalized on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method of Fe2+ and Fe3+ solutions under alkaline conditions for an easy separation. BCD/MNPs nanocomposite were characterized by XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The average size of MNPs and BCD/MNPs were 16.22 nm and 9.80 nm, respectively showed by both XRD and TEM. FTIR result also indicates that BCD/MNPs was successfully formed.
High stable Hb/Pt/BDD electrode for determining acrylamide in coffee samples
Authors: Wulandari R , Saepudin E , Ivandini T A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel electrochemical hemoglobin-platinum-modified boron-doped diamond (Hb/Pt/BDD) biosensor was developed for the detection of acrylamide (AA) in coffee samples. The Hb-Pt-BDD electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectrons (XPS). The cyclic voltammetry of Hb-Pt-BDD in 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (ABS, pH 4.8) containing acrylamide in the concentration range of 0.00213 to 0.00711 ppb, showed linear responses with a detection limit of 0.00155 ppb. The excellent stability of the prepared Pt-modified BDD was proven through the Pt-BDD reusability by removing the Hb adduct without eliminating Pt on the BDD surface. Finally, employing the biosensor was proposed to determine AA in 1 g of coffee showed the AA content of 15.55 ppb. The result was comparable with the reference method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Copper oxide modification to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: P25 versus P90
Authors: Yuliati L , Hasan N , Lintang H O 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has been recognized as one of the most active photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. In order to reduce the fast charge recombination in the TiO2, various methods have been investigated, including the addition of metal oxide co-catalysts. Owing to the characteristic of the nanoparticles, the modification of nanoparticles involving heat treatment is still a challenging task. In this work, two commercial TiO2nanoparticles, namely P25 and P90 (Evonik), were modified by copper oxides (CuO) and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under UV light. The CuO/P25 and CuO/P90 samples with various loading amounts (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 wt %) were prepared by precipitation of copper(II) nitrate to the P25 or P90 nanoparticles at pH of 9, followed by calcination at 573 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that all samples have the characteristics of both anatase and rutile phases. While the addition of CuO did not much affect the structure, crystallite size, and anatase-rutile ratio of the P25 and P90 nanoparticles, the presence of the copper species was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Moreover, fluorescence spectra also showed that the CuO quenched the emission intensity of both the P25 and P90 nanoparticles, suggesting the successful decrease of the charge recombination in the TiO2nanoparticles. Photocatalytic activity tests showed that the P25 and P90 gave percentage degradation of 90 and 47 %, respectively, after a 1-hour reaction. Even though not much improvement was observed for P25 TiO2nanoparticle after the CuO addition (92 %), the activity of P90 nanoparticle was enhanced from 47 % to 86–87 % with the CuO addition of 0.1–0.25 wt %. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2commercial nanoparticles, in this case, the P90, by surface modification using the CuO.
One-pot four-component synthesis of phenazine derivative using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
Authors: Cahyana A H , Nazhifah N , Liandi A R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phenazine is one of the most important organic compounds because of its various biological activities. This study aims to synthesize the phenazine derivatives compound using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) with a one-pot four-component method.Phenazine derivative that had been successfully synthesized was carried out by reacting four reactants at once in one flask with the same mole ratio. The reaction occurred between lawsone, o-phenylenediamine, benzaldehyde, and malononitrile. Characterization of the synthesized products was confirmed using FT-IR, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and LC-MS. The results of the analysis using several of these instruments obtained one compound, namely 3-amino-2-cyano-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine. The reaction conditions were carried out at 50°C for 6 h in ethanol with unassisted catalysts and obtained a product yield of 45%.
Application of MoS2/reduced graphene oxide for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in water environment
Authors: Trang P T T , Tam T T , Vien V , Lien N H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, MoS2 was composited with RGO (the reduced form of graphene oxide) for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in aqueous solution by applying visible light irradiation. A new approach to synthesize graphene was applied by reduction of graphene oxide using ascorbic acid. Factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation including pH, initial rhodamine B concentration, light source intensity and quencher existence were investigated. The results showed that MoS2/RGO composite exhibited better photocatalytic activity in the degradation of RhB (with a conversion of 80 %) compared to pure MoS2 (with a conversion of 30.8 %) under visible light irradiation. The higher photocatalytic performance of MoS2/RGO was found in slight acidic environment. Among the tested free radical killers, ammonium oxalate revealed the most significant effect on the photocatalytic degradation of RhB.This research also indicated that MoS2/RGO composite can be considered as a potential catalyst for the degradation of persistent organic dyes in wastewater.
Synthesis of macroanion [α-SiW12O40]4- as pillaring agents to layered double hydroxide Zinc-M3+
Authors: Silaen L , Azmi M F , Palapa N R , Mohadi R , Elfita  , Lesbani A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Polyoxometalate intercalated layered double hydroxide was prepared by ion exchange of zinc-aluminum and zinc-chromium LDH with macro anion [α-SiW12O40]4- at room temperature. The structural characterization was conducted with XRD, adsorption and desorption N2 by BET method and FTIR analyses. An interlayer space of zinc-aluminum and zinc-chromium was increased after the intercalation process. The interlayer space at reflection (003) shows zinc-aluminum and zinc-chromium intercalated LDH is 10.36 Å and 10.49 Å from 7.57 Å and 7.68 Å, respectively. The value of surface area zinc-aluminum and zinc-chromium before intercalation are 2.10 m2/g and 31.63 m2/g and increase after intercalation to 14.0422 m2/g and 128.87 m2/g, respectively. This phenom identifies that both LDH has a great reflexibility based on anion in the interlayer.
Investigation of metalloporphyrin compound in maltenes of duri crude oil
Authors: Vinny  , Yulizar Y , Ekananda R , Kurniawaty I , Haerudin H , Apriandanu D O B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Metalloporphyrin is one of the compounds that could potentially cause deactivation of catalysts in the process of catalytic cracking and hydrotreating. Knowledge of the structure of metalloporphyrin can be used as the basic information in overcoming the problem of catalyst poisoning. This work is performed to identify metalloporphyrins in the maltenes fraction of Duri crude oil. The low content of asphaltenes in Duri crude oil with a fractional weight of 0.79 %, allows a high level of metalloporphyrin in the fraction of maltenes which has a fractional weight of 82.73 %. Metalloporphyrin in the maltenes derivate fraction, saturates, aromatics, and resin were separated using column chromatography. Saturates, aromatics and resins have fractional weight of 49.75; 34.92; and 15.33 %, respectively. Only resin contained metalloporphyrin based on the analysis of UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thus metalloporphyrins in resin was further separated into fractions by column chromatography. The result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis for resin separation showed an absorbance peak of metalloporphyrin at 480–700 nm, while FT-IR analysis showed the presence of pyrrole group as porphyrin base framework with vibrational region at 400–1100 cm−1 The results of micro plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES) analysis showed the presence of Fe, Ni, and V metals content. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis showed the molecular structure of the obtained compound was C33H34N4VO2. According to the results, metalloporphyrins presented in the maltenes fraction of Duri crude oil was vanadyl porphyrin.
In vivo study of 8-OHdG as a biomarker DNA damage by combining the exposure of nonyl phenol and copper using ELISA technique
Authors: Budiawan  , Rizkita A D , Handayani S , Dani I C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental contaminants produced by alkylphenol ethoxylates which is non-ionic surfactant. NP has recently been found in foods derived from antioxidant hydrolysis of tris nonylphenyl phosphite which is used as a heat stabilizer in the manufacture of polymer food packaging materials, such as styrene, vinyl polymer, rubber and polyolefins. Copper (Cu) is a redox metal which in the normal dose is an essential mineral that needed by the body, but excess Cu will cause damage in some organs. Both NP and Cu can produce OH radicals in the body, which means that OH radicals will potentially attack DNA and thus form a biomarker of DNA damage such as 8-OHdG. This study of DNA adducts of 8-OHdG formation due to NP as a xenobiotic and Cu as metals. In this research, the eight-month-old Sprague Dawly rats weighing 200 −300 g were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Cu, NP, and NP + Cu, n = 5). The tested rats were orally treated every 24 h for 28 days. Finally, the collected plasma was tested using ELISA technique to study the 8-OHdG content. Based on the results, it was shown that both NP and Cu metals could trigger the formation of 8-OHdG. The highest concentration of 8-OHdG formed was the exposure group of NP + Cu in day 14 with a concentration of 1.3412 ng/mL.
Cs-137 radionuclide bioaccumulation study in gold fish (Cyprinus carpio) through freshwater path with variations of potassium ion concentration (K+)
Authors: Baramanda T A , Budiawan  , Bakri R , Suseno H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Few anthropogenic radionuclides like Cs-137 are difficult to detect. It needs a method to evaluate the environment quality based on molecular network of an organism exposed to the radionuclide arises, and the said method is called Biomonitoring. In this study, biokinetic experiment is conducted with the determination of Concentration Factor (CF) and Bioaccumulation Factor values of Cs-137 in goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) by means of freshwater influenced by its aquatic environment condition, which is potassium ion concentration (K+). CF value of Cs-137 concentration in Cyprinus carpio after the end accumulation in media conditioned with variation of potassium concentration 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 ppm, respectively are 2.762; 2.645; 2.637; 2.568 mL.g−1 and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) for variation of K+ ion concentration 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 ppm, respectively are 1.32; 2.12; 1.77; 2.07 ml.g−1. Based on those values, goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) cannot be categorized as bioindicator for Cs-137.
The localized surface plasmon resonance on noble metal-semiconductor: Au nanosphere-ZnO nanorod
Authors: Sujak M , Djuhana D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the localized surface plasmon resonance of metal-semiconductor model. The raw materials are gold nanosphere (Au-NP) and ZnO nanorod (ZnO-NR). The nanoparticles were surrounded by air with refractive index constant (1.0+0i). Moreover, the diameter and aspect ratio of Au-NP and ZnO-NR were 40 nm and 4, respectively. Then, we designed the nanoparticle in two different configurations. First, Au-NP was placed at the sides of ZnO-NR and second, Au-NP was placed at the tip of nanorod. Next, we varied the gap-distance among them from 0 nm to 40 nm with 10 nm increment. The photon wavelength used were from 300 nm to 1200 nm within two different excitations (transverse and longitudinal excitation). Furthermore, our result suggests that on the longitudinal excitation, when the gap-distance increases, the resonance peak of second configuration remains at constant value and the intensity significantly decreases compared to the first configuration. However, on the transverse excitation, the first configuration has a high intensity and the resonance peaks is slightly red-shifted. In addition, based on the near-field mapping which reflects the energy density of electromagnetic field by LSPR, the LSPR of Au-NP stands to aid the exciton production to enhance the photocatalytic activity.
The diameter effect on the magnetization switching time of sphere-shaped ferromagnets using micromagnetic approach
Authors: Kurniawan C , Widodo A T , Djuhana D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, the magnetization switching time has been studied as the diameter variation of sphere-shaped ferromagnets by means of micromagnetic simulation. Some ferromagnetic elements such as cobalt, iron, nickel, and permalloy were numerically simulated with diameter size variation from 50 nm to 100 nm. The micromagnetic simulation was performed by public software Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. The ferromagnetic nano-sphere was induced by the quasi-static magnetic field to observe its magnetization response. Generally, it is observed that the switching time increases as the diameter size increases on the ferromagnetic elements. However, the switching time are relatively insensitive as the diameter increases in the Cobalt element for the diameter range from 60 nm to 90 nm. This behavior is contributed to the distribution of magnetization easy axis on the ferromagnetic elements. The understanding of domain structures during magnetization switching process is important in the development of nano-patterned magnetic memory storage.
The growth rate and chlorophyll content of water hyacinth under different type of water sources
Authors: Hasibuan A A , Yuniati R , Wardhana W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agathis Lake is one of the six lakes around Universitas Indonesia, Depok. This lake is a water body whose water quality has been damaged due to pollution from domestic and industrial waste around Beji area, Depok. Water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) is a plant that has the ability to absorb contaminants in aquatic environment. This study was designed to determine the growth rate and chlorophyll content of water hyacinth under different type of water sources as growing media. These two physiological parameters are used to determine whether the contaminants contained in the Lake Agathis interfere the growth of water hyacinth. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Departement of Biology, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia for six days, after 1-week acclimatization by culturing water hyacinth in 30 L capacity plastic tanks. Sixteen plants of water hyacinth, each of approximately 28–31 g wet weight, were placed into four plastic tanks. Two tanks filled with 10 L tap water, and another two filled with 10 L lake water (Agathis Lake).The results showed that the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of water hyacinth in the tap water was higher than the lake water. The chlorophyll content of water hyacinth cultured in the lake water was higher than the plant cultured in tap water.
Acetylation of curcuminoids extract from Turmeric Rhizomes (Curcuma longa) as antibacterial compounds against S. aureus and E. coli
Authors: Fadhlurrahma A , Saepudin E , Rahayu D U C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Curcuminoid are active compounds of turmeric rhizome that widely known to have antibacterial activities. The low activity of curcuminoid as antimicrobial may be due to the presence of phenol moiety and hence it has low lipophilicity and low bioavailability. Antibacterial activities of curcuminoid derivatives may be improved by increasing their lipophilicity, one of which is replacing the hydrogen atom on the phenol groups with acetyl group by acetylation. The curcuminoids were extracted from turmeric rhizomes by Soxhlet method yielded of 10.24 %. This curcuminoids were structurally modified by acetylation using acetic anhydride with Ni/SiO2 catalyst. The products were separated through column chromatography then characterized using thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis, FTIR and LC-MS spectrometers. The results showed that the best condition of this reaction found when 15 % (w/w) catalyst was used with product conversion of 90.44 %. Diameter of inhibitory zone of acetyl curcuminoid derivatives showed the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 500 ppm against S. aureus of 18 mm and against E. coli of 13 mm. On the other hand, at the same concentration, the curcuminoid had inhibitory zone of 7.5 mm and 8 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Therefore, the acetylation of curcuminoids has increased their antibacterial activities against Gram positive bacteria S. aureus up to 2.4 fold, while against Gram negative bacteria E. coli by only 1.6 fold.