bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New multilocus sequence typing primers to enable genotyping of AD hybrids within the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex
Authors: Cogliati Massimo , Roger Frederic , Meyer Wieland , Robert Vincent , Bertout Sébastien 
Published: May 2020

Abstract Although AD hybrids within the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex represent about 20% of the isolates identified in Europe, phylogenetic and population genetic studies are lacking due to the inability to use the standardized typing method. The aim of the present study was to design new molecular type specific primers in order to apply the standard ISHAM consensus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to AD hybrids. The new primers are able to specifically amplify VNI and VNIV alleles of the seven MLST loci in both haploid and diploid or aneuploid hybrid strains. This study forms the basis for future molecular epidemiology studies of AD hybrids.Lay abstractWe designed and tested new specific primers to amplify the two alleles of each of the seven MLST loci in C. neoformans species complex hybrids. The sequences obtained from hybrids can be compared with those present in the Cryptococcus global MLST database for future molecular epidemiology studies.
Pneumocystis jirovecii and microsporidia: An unusual coinfection in HIV patients?
Authors: de Armas Yaxsier , Capó Virginia , Bornay-Linares Fernando Jorge , del Águila Carmen , Matos Olga , Calderón Enrique J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii and microsporidia species are recognized as opportunistic infectious pathogens in AIDS patients. Coinfection of both in one patient has been rarely reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the coinfection of P. jirovecii and microsporidia in different tissues from AIDS deceased patients. Post mortem histological finding of P. jirovecii and microsporidia was demonstrated by means of the Grocott's methenamine silver and Brown Brenn staining, respectively. Molecular technique was used for identification and characterization of both fungi. Out of the 514 autopsied cases P. jirovecii and microsporidia species were identified in 53 (10.3%) and 62 (12.1%) cases respectively. A total of five cases (0.97%) coinfected with Pneumocystis and microsporidia were recovered from all analyzed autopsies. Coinfection of Pneumocystis and microsporidia is very challenging and raises interesting issues about host-parasite relationship. The early diagnosis of both pathogens must be crucial to establish correct and early treatments, improve the patient's evolution, reducing the risk of death.
Dynamical orbital classification of selected N-rich stars with Gaia Data Release 2 astrometry
Authors: Fernández-Trincado José G , Chaves-Velasquez Leonardo , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Vieira Katherine , Moreno Edmundo , Ortigoza-Urdaneta Mario , Vega-Neme Luis 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We have used the galaxy modelling algorithm gravpot16, to explore the most probable orbital elements of a sample of 64 selected N-rich stars across the Milky Way. We use the newly measured proper motions from Gaia Data Release 2 with existing line-of-sight velocities from the second generation of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) and spectrophotometric distance estimations from starhorse. We adopted a set of high-resolution particle simulations evolved in the same steady-state Galactic potential model with a bar, in order to identify the groups of N-rich stars that have a high probability of belonging to the bulge/bar, disc and stellar halo component. We find that the vast majority of the N-rich stars show typically maximum height from the Galactic plane below 3 kpc, and develop eccentric orbits (e &gt; 0.5), which means that these stars appear to have bulge/bar-like and/or halo-like orbits. We also show that ∼66 per cent of the selected N-rich stars currently reside in the inner Galaxy inside the corotation radius, whilst ∼ 14 per cent are in halo-like orbits. Among the N-rich stars in the inner Galaxy, ∼ 27 per cent share orbital properties in the boundary between bulge/bar and disc, depending on the bar pattern speeds. Our dynamical analysis also indicates that some of the N-rich stars are likely to be halo interlopers, which suggests that halo contamination is not insignificant within the bulge area.
Weak lensing measurement of filamentary structure with the SDSS BOSS and Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam data
Authors: Kondo Hiroto , Miyatake Hironao , Shirasaki Masato , Sugiyama Naoshi , Nishizawa Atsushi J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the weak lensing measurement of filaments between Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III/Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS galaxy pairs at z ∼ 0.55, using the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) first-year galaxy shape catalogue. Despite of the small overlap of 140 deg2 between these surveys, we detect the filament lensing signal at 3.9σ significance, which is the highest signal-to-noise lensing measurement of filaments between galaxy-scale haloes at this redshift range. We derive a theoretical prediction and covariance using mock catalogues based on full-sky ray-tracing simulations. We find that the intrinsic scatter of filament properties and the fluctuations in a large-scale structure along the line of sight are the primary component of the covariance and the intrinsic shape noise from source galaxies no longer limits our lensing measurement. This fact demonstrates the statistical power of the HSC survey due to its deep observations and high number density of source galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theoretical prediction and supports the ‘thick’ filament model. As the HSC survey area increases, we will be able to study detailed filament properties such as the dark matter distributions and redshift evolution of filaments.
Deep learning assisted data inspection for radio astronomy
Authors: Mesarcik Michael , Boonstra Albert-Jan , Meijer Christiaan , Jansen Walter , Ranguelova Elena , van Nieuwpoort Rob V 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Modern radio telescopes combine thousands of receivers, long-distance networks, large-scale compute hardware, and intricate software. Due to this complexity, failures occur relatively frequently. In this work, we propose novel use of unsupervised deep learning to diagnose system health for modern radio telescopes. The model is a convolutional variational autoencoder (VAE) that enables the projection of the high-dimensional time–frequency data to a low-dimensional prescriptive space. Using this projection, telescope operators are able to visually inspect failures thereby maintaining system health. We have trained and evaluated the performance of the VAE quantitatively in controlled experiments on simulated data from HERA. Moreover, we present a qualitative assessment of the model trained and tested on real LOFAR data. Through the use of a naïve SVM classifier on the projected synthesized data, we show that there is a trade-off between the dimensionality of the projection and the number of compounded features in a given spectrogram. The VAE and SVM combination scores between 65 per cent and 90 per cent accuracy depending on the number of features in a given input. Finally, we show the prototype system-health-diagnostic web framework that integrates the evaluated model. The system is currently undergoing testing at the ASTRON observatory.
Evolutionary Genomics at the Human–Environment Interface in Africa
Authors: Svardal Hannes , Rusuwa Bosco , Linderoth Tyler , Kiran Anmol , Charmantier Anne , Lattorff H Michael G , Cagan Alex , Ommeh Sheila C , Kamng’ona Arox , Katongo Cyprian , Santos M Emília , Durbin Richard , Kumwenda Benjamin , Visscher Peter M , von der Heyden Sophie ,   and the Participants of SMBE Malawi
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report on the first meeting of SMBE in Africa. SMBE Malawi was initiated to bring together African and international researchers who use genetics or genomics to study natural systems impacted by human activities. The goals of this conference were 1) to reach a world-class standard of science with a large number of contributions from Africa, 2) to initiate exchange between African and international researchers, and 3) to identify challenges and opportunities for evolutionary genomics research in Africa. As repored, we think that we have achieved these goals and make suggestions on the way forward for African evolutionary genomics research.
Sarcopenia as a Prognostic Factor for 90-Day and Overall Mortality in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery for Metastatic Tumors: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zakaria Hesham Mostafa , Wilkinson Brandon Michael , Pennington Zach , Saadeh Yamaan S , Lau Darryl , Chandra Ankush , Ahmed A Karim , Macki Mohamed , Anand Sharath Kumar , Abouelleil Mohamed A , Fateh Jibran A , Rick Jonathan W , Morshed Ramin A , Deng Hansen , Chen Kai-Yuan , Robin Adam , Lee Ian Y , Kalkanis Steven , Chou Dean , Park Paul , Sciubba Daniel M , Chang Victor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Novel methods in predicting survival in patients with spinal metastases may help guide clinical decision-making and stratify treatments regarding surgery vs palliative care.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether the frailty/sarcopenia paradigm is predictive of survival and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis.

METHODS
A total of 271 patients from 4 tertiary care centers who had undergone surgery for spinal metastasis were identified. Frailty/sarcopenia was defined by psoas muscle size. Survival hazard ratios were calculated using multivariate analysis, with variables from demographic, functional, oncological, and surgical factors. Secondary outcomes included improvement of neurological function and postoperative morbidity.

RESULTS
Patients in the smallest psoas tertile had shorter overall survival compared to the middle and largest tertile. Psoas size (PS) predicted overall mortality more strongly than Tokuhashi score, Tomita score, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). PS predicted 90-d mortality more strongly than Tokuhashi score, Tomita score, and KPS. Patients with a larger PS were more likely to have an improvement in deficit compared to the middle tertile. PS was not predictive of 30-d morbidity.

CONCLUSION
In patients undergoing surgery for spine metastases, PS as a surrogate for frailty/sarcopenia predicts 90-d and overall mortality, independent of demographic, functional, oncological, and surgical characteristics. The frailty/sarcopenia paradigm is a stronger predictor of survival at these time points than other standards. PS can be used in clinical decision-making to select which patients with metastatic spine tumors are appropriate surgical candidates.
Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops
Authors: Son Yeongkwon , Giovenco Daniel P , Delnevo Cristine , Khlystov Andrey , Samburova Vera , Meng Qingyu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Direct emissions of nicotine and harmful chemicals from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been intensively studied, but secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol (THA) exposures in indoor environments are understudied.

Aims and Methods
Indoor CO2, NO2, particulate matter (PM2.5), aldehydes, and airborne nicotine were measured in five vape-shops to assess secondhand exposures. Nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines were measured on vape-shop surfaces and materials (glass, paper, clothing, rubber, and fur ball) placed in the vape-shops (14 days) to study thirdhand exposures.

Results
Airborne PM2.5, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and nicotine concentrations during shop opening hours were 21, 3.3, 4.0, and 3.8 times higher than the levels during shop closing hours, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations were correlated with the number of e-cigarette users present in vape-shops (ρ = 0.366–0.761, p &lt; .001). Surface nicotine, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were also detected at levels of 223.6 ± 313.2 µg/m2, 4.78 ± 11.8 ng/m2, and 44.8 ± 102.3 ng/m2, respectively. Substantial amounts of nicotine (up to 2073 µg/m2) deposited on the materials placed within the vape-shops, and NNA (up to 474.4 ng/m2) and NNK (up to 184.0 ng/m2) were also formed on these materials. The deposited nicotine concentrations were strongly correlated with the median number of active vapers present in a vape-shop per hour (ρ = 0.894–0.949, p = .04–.051). NNK levels on the material surfaces were significantly associated with surface nicotine levels (ρ=0.645, p = .037).

Conclusions
Indoor vaping leads to secondhand and THA exposures. Thirdhand exposures induced by e-cigarette vaping are comparable or higher than that induced by cigarette smoking. Long-term studies in various microenvironments are needed to improve our understanding of secondhand and THA exposures.

Implications
This study adds new convincing evidence that e-cigarette vaping can cause secondhand and THA exposures. Our findings can inform Occupational Safety and Health Administration, state authorities, and other government agencies regarding indoor air policies related to e-cigarette use, particularly in vape-shops. There is an urgent need to ensure that vape-shops maintain suitable ventilation systems and cleaning practices to protect customers, employees, and bystanders. Our study also demonstrates that nicotine can deposit or be adsorbed on baby’s clothes and toys, and that tobacco-specific nitrosamines can form and retain on baby’s clothes, highlighting children’s exposure to environmental e-cigarette aerosol and THA at home is of a particular concern.
Psychological and work-related factors predicting work engagement in Malaysian employees
Authors: Chan C M H , Wong J E , Wee L H , Jamil N A , Yeap L L L , Swarna Nantha Y , Siau C S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPast research on work engagement has focused almost exclusively on either psychological or work-related factors in almost wholly separate literature. There is therefore a need to examine how these factors collectively influence work engagement.AimsTo determine levels of work engagement and to identify psychological and work-related characteristics predicting work engagement in employees in Malaysia.MethodsWe recruited 5235 employees from 47 public and private organizations in Malaysia who responded to an online health survey. We assessed work engagement with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and psychological distress using the 6-item Kessler scale. We performed multiple linear regression to determine predictors of work engagement.ResultsEmployee mean age was 33.8 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.8). The mean work engagement score on the UWES-9 was 3.53 (SD ± 0.94). Eleven of 18 variables on multiple regression predicted work engagement, F(18, 4925) = 69.02, P &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.201. Factors that predicted higher work engagement were age, marital status, education level, job type, job permanency, longer sleep duration, lower psychological distress and no history of workplace bullying.ConclusionsKey factors associated with poorer work engagement in Malaysian employees include inadequate sleep, psychological distress and a history of workplace bullying. These are modifiable factors that individuals and employers can target to improve work engagement, ideally tailored according to occupational type.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Yaping , Liao Baolin , Guo Yan , Li Feng , Lei Chunliang , Zhang Fuchun , Cai Weiping , Hong Wenxin , Zeng Yu , Qiu Shuang , Wang Jian , Li Yueping , Deng Xilong , Li Jianping , Xiao Guangming , Guo Fengxia , Lai Xunxi , Liang Zhiwei , Wen Xueliang , Li Pinghong , Jiao Qian , Xiang Fangfei , Wang Yong , Ma Chenghui , Xie Zhiwei , Lin Weiyin , Wu Yanrong , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua , Guan Yujuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The clinical manifestations and factors associated with the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections outside of Wuhan are not clearly understood.

Methods
All laboratory-confirmed cases with SARS-Cov-2 infection who were hospitalized and monitored in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital were recruited from January 20 to February 10.

Results
A total of 275 patients were included in this study. The median patient age was 49 years, and 63.6% had exposure to Wuhan. The median virus incubation period was 6 days. Fever (70.5%) and dry cough (56.0%) were the most common symptoms. A decreased albumin level was found in 51.3% of patients, lymphopenia in 33.5%, and pneumonia based on chest computed tomography in 86%. Approximately 16% of patients (n = 45) had severe disease, and there were no deaths. Compared with patients with nonsevere disease, those with severe disease were older, had a higher frequency of coexisting conditions and pneumonia, and had a shorter incubation period (all P &lt; .05). There were no differences between patients who likely contacted the virus in Wuhan and those who had no exposure to Wuhan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, male sex, and decreased albumin level were independently associated with disease severity.

Conclusions
Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China are not severe cases and patients with older age, male, and decreased albumin level were more likely to develop into severe ones.
MRI Study of Types of Internal Knee Derangements of Traumatic Knee
Authors: Abdelhamied H A , Salama A M , Naguib A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
MRI is currently gold standard non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality of choice for nearly all clinical indications concerning the knee. MRI provides excellent visualization of the internal structures of the knee along with soft tissue structures and bone marrow abnormalities (1).

Aim of the work
determine diagnostic role of MRI in studying types of internal knee derangements of the traumatic knee.

Patients and Methods
A cross sectional study of thirty four patient of knee joint trauma who underwent MRI for internal derangement of knee at Radio-diagnosis department of Ain Shams University Hospitals in the period from October 2017 to march 2018.

Results
commonest lesion detected in our study was ACL tear detected in 24 patients.16 patients of with partial ACL tear and 8 patients with complete ACL tear, followed by knee joint effusion medial meniscus tear. Lateral meniscal injuries were less common when compared to medial meniscalinjuries.

Conclusion
MR imaging is the best non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosis of types of internal derangement of knee joint as it provides excellent visualization of the internal structures of the knee, soft tissue structures and, bone marrow abnormalities.

Recommendation
further studies with much more population and correlation with arthroscopy for more accurate results.
Clinical features and outcomes of discharged coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang X , Xu H , Jiang H , Wang L , Lu C , Wei X , Liu J , Xu S 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic but the follow-up data of discharged patients was barely described.

Aim
To investigate clinical outcomes, distribution of quarantine locations and the infection status of the contacts of COVID-19 patients after discharge.

Design
A prospective cohort study.

Methods
Demographics, baseline characteristics of 131 COVID-19 patients discharged from 3 February 2020 to 21 February 2020 in Wuhan, China were collected and analyzed by reviewing the medical records retrospectively. Post-hospitalization data related to clinical outcomes, quarantine locations and close contact history were obtained by following up the patients every week up to 4 weeks.

Results
Fifty-three (40.05%) patients on discharge had cough (29.01%), fatigue (7.63%), expectoration (6.11%), chest tightness (6.11%), dyspnea (3.82%), chest pain (3.05%) and palpitation (1.53%). These symptoms constantly declined in 4 weeks post-discharge. Transient fever recurred in 11 (8.4%) patients. Among the discharged patients, 78 (59.5%) underwent chest CT and 2 (1.53%) showed deterioration. A total of 94 (71.8%) patients received SARS-CoV-2 retest and 8 (6.10%) reported positive. Seven (2.29%) patients were readmitted because of fever or positive SARS-CoV-2 retest. After discharge, 121 (92.37%) and 4 (3.05%) patients were self-quarantined at home or community spots, respectively, after a close contact with 167 persons in total who were free of COVID-19 at the endpoint of study.

Conclusion
The majority of COVID-19 patients after discharge were in the course of recovery. Readmission was required in rare cases due to suspected recurrence of COVID-19. Although no contacted infection observed, appropriate self-quarantine and regular re-examination are necessary, particularly for those who have recurred symptoms.
T117. PROMINENT AND PERSISTENT AUTISTIC TRAITS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY NON-REMISSION IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Pina-Camacho Laura , Diaz-Caneja Covadonga M , Fraguas David , Boada Leticia , Parellada Mara , Winter-van Rossum Inge , Kahn Rene , Arango Celso 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Autistic phenotypic profiles in patients with schizophrenia are reportedly associated with poor outcomes, including higher odds of antipsychotic treatment failure. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS) has been validated as a tool to identify “autistic profiles” in adolescents and adults with schizophrenia. We used the PAUSS (total score and subscores) to quantify autistic symptom load at different time points in a sample of patients with first episode schizophrenia (FES). We sought to investigate whether showing “prominent and persistent” autistic symptom load was associated with not achieving clinical remission at week 4 after the FES.

Methods
We analysed a subsample of FES patients from the OPTiMiSE study that was treated with amisulpride in an open-label design and had completed 4 weeks of follow-up. The selected subsample was composed of 55 individuals (27.3% female, mean age 25.6 (6.2) years) at “high-risk of non-remission” at week 2; i.e. patients with schizophrenia (not schizophreniform nor schizoaffective disorder) that showed prominent and persistent baseline-to-2-week negative symptoms (PNS, using Galderisi et al 2013 definition) and that had not achieved clinical remission at week 2 (using Andreasen criteria).

Results
In the selected subsample, the PAUSS showed acceptable internal consistency at baseline, 2-week, and 4-week visit (all Cronbach’s alpha&gt;0.7). Those with prominent (over the third tertile) and persistent (over the 4-week follow-up) PAUSS total scores, i.e. “autistic FES patients” had, relative to non-autistic FES patients, higher rates of comorbid social phobia (18.2% vs 0%, p= .041), higher PANSS positive, negative and total scores at week 2 and 4 (all p&lt;.01), and a higher proportion of “non-remitters” at week 4 (91.7% vs 51.2%, p=.018). No other differences in demographic or clinical variables were found between both FES groups. Stepwise logistic regression analyses, controlling for potential confounders, revealed that showing a prominent and persistent “autistic phenotype” was associated with not achieving clinical remission at week 4 (B=2.148, OR=8.57, 95% CI= 1.01–73.5, p&lt;0.05).

Discussion
The delineation of “autistic profiles” with the PAUSS in the early stages of schizophrenia might enable early detection of subjects at higher risk of short-term antipsychotic treatment failure. It may also enable to explore the neurobiological underpinnings of particular phenotypic groups within schizophrenia, which might in turn help advance in the understanding of the pathophysiology and aetiology of psychosis.