bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy, digital health literacy and the implementation of digital health technologies in cancer care: the need for a strategic approach
Authors: Kemp Emma , Trigg Joshua , Beatty Lisa , Christensen Chris , Dhillon Haryana M. , Maeder Anthony , Williams Patricia A. H. , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedDigital health technologies can potentially reduce health disparities in cancer care. However, the benefits of digital health technology depend partly on users’ digital health literacy, that is, “capabilities and resources required for individuals to use and benefit from digital health resources,” which combines health and digital literacy. We examined issues for digital health technology implementation in cancer care regarding digital health literacy, via stakeholder consultation.MethodsConsumers, health care professionals, researchers, developers, nongovernment and government/policy stakeholders (N = 51) participated in focus groups/interviews discussing barriers, enablers, needs and opportunities for digital health implementation in cancer care. Researchers applied framework analysis to identify themes of digital health literacy in the context of disparity and inclusion.ResultsLimited digital and traditional health literacy were identified as barriers to digital technology engagement, with a range of difficulties identified for older, younger and socio‐economically or geographically disadvantaged groups. Digital health technology was a potential enabler of health care access and literacy, affording opportunities to increase reach and engagement. Education combined with targeted design and implementation were identified means of addressing health and digital literacy to effectively implement digital health in cancer care.ConclusionsImplementing digital health in cancer care must address the variability of digital health literacy in recipients, including groups living with disadvantage and older and younger people, in order to be effective.So what?If cancer outcome disparity is to be reduced via digital health technologies, they must be implemented strategically to address digital health literacy needs. Health policy should reflect this approach.
Predictors of uptake of general and tailored services to improve employee health and wellbeing
Authors: Talati Zenobia , Grapes Carly , Davey Emily , Shilton Trevor , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedHealthy workplace programs can improve employee health and wellbeing. However, there is little research on how they are adopted by organisations. The study aimed to investigate uptake and predictors of service use amongst organisations utilising a comprehensive government‐funded healthy workplace program.MethodsEmployees taking part in the Healthier Workplaces WA program can access general services (ie, basic information on workplace health and wellbeing) and tailored services (ie, personalised support on implementing changes). A sample of 358 eligible program participants from 204 organisations completed a service experience survey 6 months after engaging with any service. Predictors of service use were analysed using a Kruskal‐Wallis H test.ResultsOn average, respondents accessed 3.4 (out of 7) services. General services were accessed more frequently than tailored services. The Kruskal‐Wallis H test showed that respondents working in Human Resources or Health and Safety and those from large organisations were more likely to access a greater range of services compared to employees in other roles and those working in small to medium organisations. Additionally, greater perceived support from management or co‐workers was associated with greater service use.ConclusionsRespondents reported accessing general services more than tailored services. Service use was greater amongst those who perceived greater support from their managers and/or co‐workers, those who worked in large organisations and those who worked in HR/OHS.So what?These findings are informative for practitioners assisting organisations to improve health and wellbeing initiatives and service providers interested in increasing service uptake. A mix of general and tailored services is likely to be useful in building employees’ capacity to increase health and wellbeing in their workplace. Support from management and co‐workers is an important facilitator, and small organisations may require more focussed targeting due to the lower tendency to engage with these programs and increased benefits.
Progress in organic semiconducting materials with high thermal stability for organic light‐emitting devices
Authors: Lee Sooyong , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) have been extensively studied over the past three decades and are still attracting attention owing to their potential use in flexible and foldable displays. To achieve highly durable OLED displays for flexible devices, constitutive OLED materials need to be stable in various environments, including those with thermally and mechanically severe conditions. To this end, the present review aims to investigate the progress of OLED material research over the past two decades with respect to thermal stability. The literature survey is first conducted using the keyword “OLEDs” and then narrowed down to “high thermal stability materials for OLEDs.” The number of search results indicates that creating OLED materials with high thermal stability is a widely studied topic in the field of OLED research and has undergone an average growth rate of approximately 15% per year over the past two decades. In this review, the OLED materials used as core layers (ie, the hole injection and transport layers, emission layers, and electron injection and transport layers) are thoroughly analyzed, and the best representative materials are discussed in detail by summarizing their major thermal and electronic characteristics. Finally, several previous reports on flexible and foldable OLED displays are analyzed to determine the importance of the stability of their constitutive materials.image
Stimuli‐responsive photofunctional materials for green and security printing
Authors: Ma Yun , Yu Yaxin , Li Jiangang , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInformation recording on paper has always been the most important approach to keep records of human activity and to spread civilization. With the progress of science and technology, paper with different functions should be exploited to conform to the increasing demands in various scenarios. In one aspect, traditional paper can only be used once, and using large amounts of paper causes deforestation, additional solid waste treatment, environmental pollution, and high energy consumption. Consequently, the development of rewritable paper that is environment‐friendly, low cost, and can save resources is significant for green printing. In the other aspect, information leakage brings security issues, which may lead to severe consequences, such as war outbreak, economic loss, social problems, and so on. Therefore, the development of security printing has also attracted wide interests. Stimuli‐responsive photofunctional materials that have reversible variations in absorption or emission in response to changes in the external environmental have a great potential for the achievement of green and security printing. To date, much progress has been made in these research areas. This paper lists different smart materials that respond to various external stimuli, such as light, water, pH, heat, and metal ions, and summarizes the recent advances towards green and security printing. Also, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in this rapidly growing research field. It is expected that this review article will stimulate and guide future studies for the advanced green and security printing.image
Effects of acetyl L‐carnitine on zebrafish embryos: Phenotypic and gene expression studies
Authors: Gu Qiang , Ali Syed F. , Kanungo Jyotshna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcetyl L‐carnitine (ALCAR), a dietary supplement and an antioxidant, plays a vital role in the bioenergetic process that produces ATP. Although there are reports on antioxidant toxicity, there is no information on the potential toxicity of ALCAR. Here, using zebrafish embryos, we explored whether ALCAR modulated ATP synthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of specific genes related to major signaling pathways that control metabolism, growth, differentiation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, we show that ALCAR elicits a physiologic response, as ATP levels increased after ALCAR treatment. Simultaneously, an increase in the expression of ROS, a by‐product of ATP synthesis, was observed in the ALCAR‐treated embryos. Consistent with higher ROS expression, the level of cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, was significantly reduced. ALCAR did not have any drastic effect on overall development and heart rate. Polymerase chain reaction‐based gene expression array analyses showed no significant change in the expression of 83 genes related to 10 major signaling pathways including: the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), Wingless and Int‐1 (Wnt), nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), p53, Notch, Hedgehog, Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR), oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathways. Our results show that the expression of 83 genes related to these major signaling pathways did not change significantly.
Modulation of adipocyte size and fat pad weight via resveratrol releasing scaffolds implanted into the epididymal adipose tissue
Authors: Murphy Kendall P. , Hendley Michael A. , Patterson Alexandra T. , Hall Hayley E. , Carter Griffin J. , Isely Christopher , Gower R. Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLipid overload of the adipose tissue, which can be caused by overnutrition, underlies metabolic disease. We hypothesized that increasing the energy demand of adipose tissue is a promising strategy to combat excessive lipid accumulation. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, activates lipid catabolism in fat tissue; however, its clinical success is hindered by poor bioavailability. Here, we implanted resveratrol releasing poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds into epididymal fat to overcome its poor bioavailability with the goal of enhancing local lipid catabolism. In lean mice, resveratrol scaffolds decreased adipocyte size relative to scaffolds with no drug, a response that correlated with AMP kinase activation. Immunohistochemistry indicated that macrophages and multinucleated giant cells within the scaffold expressed carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) at higher levels than other cells in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, resveratrol increased CPT1 levels in cultured macrophages. Taken together, we propose that resveratrol scaffolds decrease adipocyte size because resveratrol increases lipid utilization in scaffold‐infiltrating immune cells, possibly through elevating CPT1 levels or activity. In a follow‐up study, mice that received resveratrol scaffolds 28‐day prior to a high‐fat diet exhibited decreased weight gain, adipose tissue expansion, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to mice with control scaffolds. Notably, this scaffold‐based strategy required a single resveratrol administration compared to the daily regiment generally needed for oral administration. These results indicate that localized delivery of metabolism modulating agents to the adipose tissue may overcome issues with bioavailability and that the role of biomaterials should be further investigated in this therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
Fluorescent multiplexing of 3D spheroids: Analysis of biomarkers using automated immunohistochemistry staining platform and multispectral imaging
Authors: Bhaumik Srabani , Boyer Jean , Banerjee Chaitali , Clark Samantha , Sebastiao Noemi , Vela Elizabeth , Towne Penny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn preclinical cancer studies, three‐dimensional (3D) cell spheroids and aggregates are preferred over monolayer cell cultures due to their architectural and functional similarity to solid tumors. We performed a proof‐of‐concept study to generate physiologically relevant and predictive preclinical models using non–small cell lung adenocarcinoma, and colon and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line‐derived 3D spheroids and aggregates. Distinct panels were designed to determine the expression profiles of frequently studied biomarkers of the two cancer subtypes. The lung adenocarcinoma panel included ALK, EGFR, TTF‐1, and CK7 biomarkers, and the colon and colorectal adenocarcinoma panel included BRAF V600E, MSH2, MSH6, and CK20. Recent advances in immunofluorescence (IF) multiplexing and imaging technology enable simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple biomarkers on a single slide. In this study, we performed IF staining of multiple biomarkers per section on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded 3D spheroids and aggregates. We optimized protocol parameters for automated IF and demonstrated staining concordance with automated chromogenic immunohistochemistry performed with validated protocols. Next, post‐acquisition spectral unmixing of the captured fluorescent signals were utilized to delineate four differently stained biomarkers within a single multiplex IF image, followed by automated quantification of the expressed markers. This workflow has the potential to be adapted to preclinical high‐throughput screening and drug efficacy studies utilizing 3D spheroids from cancer cell lines and patient‐derived organoids. The process allows for cost, time, and resource savings through concurrent staining of several biomarkers on a single slide, the ability to study the interactions of multiple expressed proteins within a single region of interest, and enable quantitative assessment of biomarkers in cancer cells.
Predicting experimental electrophilicities from quantum and topological descriptors: A machine learning approach
Authors: Hoffmann Guillaume , Balcilar Muhammet , Tognetti Vincent , Héroux Pierre , Gaüzère Benoît , Adam Sébastien , Joubert Laurent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the ability of various machine learning methods, either linear or non‐linear, to efficiently predict Mayr's experimental scale for electrophilicity. To this aim, molecular and atomic descriptors rooted in conceptual density functional theory and in the quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules as well as topological features defined within graph theory were evaluated for a large set of molecules widely used in organic chemistry. State‐of‐the‐art regression tools belonging to the support vector machines family and decision tree models were in particular considered and implemented. They afforded a promising predictive model, validating the use of such methodologies for the study of chemical reactivity.
Peripheral blood cell count ratios are predictive biomarkers of clinical response and prognosis for non‐surgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Zhi Xiaohui , Jiang Kan , Shen Yue , Su Xinyu , Wang Ke , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhou Liqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood cell count ratios, including the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), have been reported to be prognostic factors in many malignancies as markers of inflammation and immune status. The aim of this study was to determine whether NLR, PLR, or LMR can be clinical response and prognostic biomarkers of non‐surgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with radiotherapy.Methods193 non‐surgical ESCC patients who underwent radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The peripheral blood cell count ratios were obtained before, during (weekly) and at the end of the treatment. Then, we compared the subsequent results with the corresponding pretreatment values and computed the rates of change, which were defined as cNLR, cPLR, and cLMR. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for overall survival (OS). Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the clinical response.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, cNLR at week 4(P = .026) and week 5(P = .025) during radiotherapy were significantly associated with OS, along with BMI, tumor stage, tumor length, tumor location, and grade of adverse events. Besides, BMI, tumor stage, tumor length, adverse event grade, cNLR at week 4(P = .044) and week 5(P = .013), and cPLR at week 4(P = .034) and week 5(P = .015) were significantly associated with the clinical response in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe cNLR at weeks 4 and 5 was negatively correlated with the OS and clinical response of non‐surgical ESCC patients treated with radiotherapy. The elevated cPLR at weeks 4 and 5 was only related to poor clinical response.
The mRNA expression of visfatin and lipocalin‐2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Li Hong‐Miao , Huang Qian , Chen Shuang‐Shuang , Zhang Gen‐You , Shi Si‐Jiu , Hua Wang  , Li Ye , Zhang Tian‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to assess mRNA expressions of visfatin and lipocalin‐2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).MethodsOverall, 79 PTB patients and 71 healthy controls were enrolled. In PBMCs, mRNA expressions of visfatin and lipocalin‐2 were detected using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and the diagnostic value of these adipokine mRNAs in PTB patients was calculated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsIn PBMCs from PTB patients, the visfatin mRNA level was significantly higher than in healthy controls (P < .001), with no significant association between the lipocalin‐2 mRNA level and PTB patients (P = .933). In PTB patients, lipocalin‐2 mRNA expression positively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = .010). However, the visfatin mRNA level was not associated with any major clinical and laboratory parameter in PTB patients. The ROC curve demonstrated that visfatin could help distinguish PTB patients from healthy controls, with an optimal cutoff value of 0.645 and a corresponding sensitivity of 79.7%.ConclusionsThe altered visfatin mRNA expression indicated that this adipokine might play a role in PTB and could be an auxiliary biomarker for PTB diagnosis.
Holotomographic microscopy: A new approach to detect apoptotic cell features
Authors: Salucci Sara , Battistelli Michela , Burattini Sabrina , Sbrana Francesca , Falcieri Elisabetta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHolotomographic (HT) microscopy, combines two techniques, holography and tomography, and, in this way, it allows to quantitatively and noninvasively investigate cells and thin tissue slices, by obtaining three‐dimensional (3D) images and by monitoring inner morphological changes. HT has indeed two significant advantages: it is label‐free and low‐energy light passes through the specimen with minimal perturbation. Using quantitative phase imaging with optical diffraction tomography, it can produce 3D images by measuring the refraction index (RI). Therefore, based on RI values, HT can provide structural and chemical cell information, such as dry mass values, morphological changes, or cellular membrane dynamics. In this study, suspended and adherent culture cells have been processed for HT analyses. Some of them have been treated with known apoptotic drugs or pro‐oxidant agents and cell response has been investigated both by conventional microscopic approaches and by HT. The ultrastructural and fluorescence images have been compared to those obtained by HT and their congruence has been discussed, with particular attention to apoptotic cell death and on correlated plasma membrane changes. HT appears a valid approach to further characterize well‐known apoptotic features such as cell blebbing, chromatin condensation, micronuclei, and apoptotic bodies. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HT appears suitable to highlight suspended or adherent cell behavior under different conditions. In particular, this technique appears an important new tool to distinguish healthy cells from the apoptotic ones, as well as to monitor outer and inner cell changes in a rapid way and with a noninvasive, label‐free, approach.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2‐(4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐5‐ylsulfonyl)piperazine‐1‐yl)‐N‐substituted acetamide derivatives
Authors: Shinde Ravindra R. , Gaikwad Dattatray , Farooqui Mazahar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new series of 2‐(4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐5‐ylsulfonyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐substituted acetamide (5a‐5k) compounds have been synthesized, and these compounds were characterized with spectral data like IR, NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using ciprofloxacin as a standard and fungal strains like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus as compared with standard drug Clotrimazole, and Molecular docking study shows that all these compounds were having good to excellent correlation binding energy as compared with binding energy of standard drugs.
International consensus guidelines for phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency (PGM1‐CDG): Diagnosis, follow‐up, and management
Authors: Altassan Ruqaiah , Radenkovic Silvia , Edmondson Andrew C. , Barone Rita , Brasil Sandra , Cechova Anna , Coman David , Donoghue Sarah , Falkenstein Kristina , Ferreira Vanessa , Ferreira Carlos , Fiumara Agata , Francisco Rita , Freeze Hudson , Grunewald Stephanie , Honzik Tomas , Jaeken Jaak , Krasnewich Donna , Lam Christina , Lee Joy , Lefeber Dirk , Marques‐da‐Silva Dorinda , Pascoal Carlota , Quelhas Dulce , Raymond Kimiyo M. , Rymen Daisy , Seroczynska Malgorzata , Serrano Mercedes , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Thiel Christian , Tort Frederic , Vals Mari‐Anne , Videira Paula , Voermans Nicol , Witters Peter , Morava Eva 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, and protein glycosylation. Previously known as GSD XIV, it was recently reclassified as a congenital disorder of glycosylation, PGM1‐CDG. PGM1‐CDG usually manifests as a multisystem disease. Most patients present as infants with cleft palate, liver function abnormalities and hypoglycemia, but some patients present in adulthood with isolated muscle involvement. Some patients develop life‐threatening cardiomyopathy. Unlike most other CDG, PGM1‐CDG has an effective treatment option, d‐galactose, which has been shown to improve many of the patients' symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PGM1‐CDG patients are crucial decisions. In this article, our group of international experts suggests diagnostic, follow‐up, and management guidelines for PGM1‐CDG. These guidelines are based on the best available evidence‐based data and experts' opinions aiming to provide a practical resource for health care providers to facilitate successful diagnosis and optimal management of PGM1‐CDG patients.