bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on home birth: Safety, interventionism and satisfaction
Authors: Cruellas Marc , Soler Fina Martinez , Tortosa Avelina , Gimenez-Bonafe Pepita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Home birth is still considered an unusual situation on most developed countries, where it accounts between 0.2 and 25 percent of all births depending of the country. However, the safety of the process and whether it should be offered as a choice makes it a controversial topic with strong opinions on both sides. This review aims to describe the situation of home birth in several developed countries and debate its safety and mothers’ satisfaction, by reviewing studies that compare home vs. hospital births.Methods: A systematic research has been done using different search engines to find publications that portray the current situation on this topic. Protocols and historical facts were selected using no filters, while publications reporting maternal and birth outcomes, as well as levels of satisfaction, were selected using filters that limited the search to articles that had been published in the last 10 years. A total of 45 articles were selected and reviewed.Results: Home birth in each country depends on many factors, including historical and cultural. Some countries have either developed good practice guidelines or included home birth on the already existing ones, while some other countries still do not recognize it as a safe option. While most studies do not show significant differences on neonatal mortality APGAR score and intensive care admissions, they do describe slightly better maternal outcomes on home birth due to lower interventionism. Studies also show that between 13 and 29 percent of home births require transferring the woman or the fetus to the hospital. Satisfaction levels also appear to be higher in women who had a planned home birth.Conclusions: Home birth appears to be a safe choice for women with low risk pregnancies, due to a lower rate of interventionism. However, safety depends on many factors, from professional accreditation, to the presence of protocols and good practice guidelines. Satisfaction also appears to be higher on women who had a planned home birth, although it depends on personal considerations and circumstances.
Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index is a strong prognostic indicator for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatectomy, especially patients with preserved liver function
Authors: Tanemura Akihiro , Mizuno Shugo , Hayasaki Aoi , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Kato Hiroyuki , Murata Yasuhiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Isaji Shuji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Several inflammation-based scores are used to assess the surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy with special attention to preoperative liver functional reserve.Methods Preoperative demographic and tumor-related factors were analyzed in 189 patients with HCC undergoing initial hepatectomy from August 2005 to May 2016 to identify significant prognostic factors.Results Multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that female gender (p=0.005), tumor size (p<0.001) and PNI (p=0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Compared to the High PNI group (PNI ≥37, n=172), the Low PNI group (PNI <37, n=17) had impaired liver function and significantly poorer OS (13% vs. 67% in 5-year survival, p=0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (8 vs. 25 months in median survival time, p=0.002). In the subgroup of patients with a preserved liver function of LHL15 ≥0.9, PNI was also independent prognostic factor, and OS (21% vs. 70% in 5-year survival, p=0.008) and RFS (8 vs. 28 months in median survival time, p=0.018) were significantly poorer in the Low PNI group than the High PNI group.Conclusions PNI was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Patients with PNI lower than 37 were at high risk for early recurrence and poor patient survival, especially in the patients with preserved liver function of LHL ≥0.9.
Gene regulatory network analysis of Trichoderma reesei grown on glucose-lactose mixtures suggests links between development and cellulase production
Authors: Pirayre Aurélie , Duval Laurent , Blugeon Corinne , Firmo Cyril , Perrin Sandrine , Jourdier Etienne , Margeot Antoine , Bidard Frédérique 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose molecules into simpler sugars such as glucose is part of the second generation biofuel production process. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates is usually performed by enzymes produced and secreted by the fungus Trichoderma reesei . Studies identifying transcription factors involved in the regulation of cellulase production have been conducted but no overview of the whole regulation network is available. A transcriptomic approach with mixtures of glucose and lactose, used as a substrate for cellulase induction, was used to help us decipher missing parts in the network.Results: Experimental results confirmed the impact of sugar mixture on the enzymatic cocktail composition. The transcriptomic study shows a temporal regulation of the main transcription factors and a lactose concentration impact on the transcriptional profile. A gene regulatory network built using the BRANE Cut software reveals three sub-networks related to i) a positive correlation between lactose concentration and cellulase production, ii) a particular dependence of the lactose onto the β-glucosidase regulation and iii) a negative regulation of the development process and growth.Conclusions: This work is the first investigating a transcriptomic study regarding the effects of pure and mixed carbon sources in a fed-batch mode. Our study expose a co-orchestration of xyr1 , clr2 and ace3 for cellulase and hemicellulase induction and production, a fine regulation of the β-glucosidase and a decrease of growth in favor of cellulase production. These conclusions provide us with potential targets for further genetic engineering leading to better cellulase-producing strains.
Impact of Free Newborn Care Service package on Out of Pocket Expenditure-Evidence from a multicentric study in Nepal.
Authors: Sunny Avinash K , Basnet Omkar , Acharya Ankit , Paudel Prajwal , Målqvist Mats , KC Ashish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) aspires to improve universal health coverage through reduction of Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) and improving the quality of care. In the last two decades, there have been several efforts to reduce the OOPE for maternal and newborn care. In this paper, we evaluate the change in the OOPE for treatment of sick newborn at hospital before and after implementation of a free newborn care (FNC) program in hospitals of Nepal.
Methods
Ministry of Health and Population implemented a free newborn care program which reimbursed the cost of treatment for sick newborns admitted in public referral hospitals in Nepal after October 2017. We conducted this study with three months of pre-implementation and 12 months of post-implementation of the program in 12 hospitals of Nepal. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test was applied for continuous variables to determine statistically significant differences between pre- and post- intervention period.
Results
A total of 353 sick newborns were admitted into these hospitals before implementation of the FNC program while 1122 sick newborns were admitted after the implementation. Before implementation, 17% of mothers paid for sick newborn care while after implementation 15.3% mothers (p-value = 0.59) paid for care. The OOPE for treatment of sick newborn at hospital before implementation was Mean ± SD: US dollar 14.3 + 12.1 and after implementation was Mean ± SD: USD 13.0 ± 9.6 (p-value = 0.71). There were no significant differences in neonatal morbidity after the implementation of the FNC program. The stay in a hospital bed (in days) decreased after the implementation of FNC program (p-value < 0.001) while the cost for medicine increased (p-value = 0.02). The duration of hospital stay (in days) of sick newborns significantly decreased for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) (p-value = 0.04) and neonatal sepsis (p-value < 0.001) after the FNC program was implemented.
Conclusion
We found no change in the OOPE for sick newborn care following implementation of the FNC Program. There is a need to revisit the FNC program by the type of morbidity and duration of stay. Further studies will be required to explore the health system adequacy to implement such a financing strategy in hospitals of Nepal.
Impact of homologous recombination on core genome phylogenies
Authors: Stott Caroline Marie , Bobay Louis-Marie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Core genome phylogenies are widely used to build the evolutionary history of individual prokaryote species. By using hundreds or thousands of shared genes, these approaches are the gold standard to reconstruct the relationships of large sets of strains. However, there is growing evidence that bacterial strains exchange DNA through homologous recombination at rates that vary widely across prokaryote species, indicating that core genome phylogenies might not be able to reconstruct true phylogenies when recombination rate is high. Few attempts have been made to evaluate the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination, but some analyses suggest that reconstructed trees are not always accurate.Results. In this study, we tested the robustness of core genome phylogenies to various levels of recombination rates. By analyzing simulated and empirical data, we observed that core genome phylogenies are relatively robust to recombination rates; nevertheless, our results suggest that many reconstructed trees are not completely accurate even when bootstrap supports are high. We found that some core genome phylogenies are highly robust to recombination whereas others are strongly impacted by it, and we identified that the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination is highly linked to the levels of selective pressures acting on a species. Stronger selective pressures lead to less accurate tree reconstructions, presumably because selective pressures more strongly bias the routes of DNA transfers, thereby causing phylogenetic artifacts.Conclusions. Overall these results have important implications for the application of core genome phylogenies in prokaryotes.
Short birth interval predicts the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammed Shikur , Abayneh Mahlet , Bekele Delayehu , Chan Grace , Worku Alemayehu , Girma Eshetu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: World health organization recommends that women wait at least 2 years after a live birth to reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes, like preterm birth, in the subsequent pregnancy. However, studies have reported inconsistent finding regarding short birth interval as risk factor for preterm birth. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and estimate the pooled effect of short birth interval on preterm birth among pregnant women with previous live birth.Methods: The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies. The search was conducted from MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of science, MedNar, Google, Google scholar and African Journals online (AJOL). Observational studies which reported the association between short birth interval and preterm birth were included. The methodological quality of selected papers was assessed by two independent individuals prior to their inclusion in the review using standardized Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tools. The analysis was done using RevMan software. A random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled effect with a 95% confidence interval. Forest plot was used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity. Funnel plot was used to check for publication bias.Results: From a total of 234 published and unpublished studies identified, 10 studies that were conducted from 2015 to 2019 in Sub-Saharan African countries were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis result showed that Short birth interval had significant effect on preterm birth. The odds of having preterm birth was 2.21 times higher (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.53, 3.21) among pregnant women with short (less than 2 years) birth interval compared to their counter parts. The sub-group analysis showed that the case-control studies showed statistically significant association between short birth interval and preterm birth, but not the cohort studies.Conclusion: Based on our review findings we may recommend that health planner or clinical practitioners should counsel or educate women, considering the health and economic consequence of premature birth, to increase birth interval to at least two years.
Progression of Pregnancy Induced Diabetes Mellitus to type two Diabetes Mellitus, an Ambidirectional cohort study.
Authors: feleke berhanu elfu , Feleke Teferi Elfu , Kassahun Melkamu Beyene , Adane Wondemu Gebrekirose , Achenefe Desalegn Nigatu , Genetu Abere , Nigussie Azezu Asres , Engedaw Hailemariam Awoke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated level of blood glucose. It affects more than 422 million people globally. In resource limited settings, the progression of gestational diabetes (GDM) to DM was not well investigated and this research work was conducted to estimate the incidence of DM after GDM and their predictors in resource limited settings.
Methods
Both retrospective and Prospective cohort studies were implemented from January 2010 until December 2019. The data were collected using patients chart review, interview and collecting blood sample. Initially, baseline data were collected from GDM and GDM free women and update data were collected every 3 months. Clinical nurses were used to extract the necessary data from medical charts and to collect the data using patient interview. Laboratory technologists were used to measure the blood glucose level of the study participants. The study was conducted in pregnant women presenting themselves in the referral hospitals of Amhara regional state. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of study participants. Kaplan Meier survival curve and life-table were used to estimate the survivals of study participants. Incidence density was used to estimate the incidence of DM. Cox regression was used to identify the predictors DM.
Results
A total of 4892 women were followed giving for the response rate of 88.62%. The mean age of study participants at the start of the study was 28.34 years with standard deviation [SD] ± 7.48 years. DM was associated with Gestational diabetes mellitus [AHR(adjusted hazard ratio) ;2.53, 95% CI: 2.14–2.99], Frequency of breastfeeding [AHR; 0.72, 95% CI: 0.69–0.74], age [AHR; 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03–1.05], Parity [AHR; 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.21], Regular physical exercise [AHR; 0.45, 95% CI: 0.37–0.55], Family history of DM [AHR; 2.04, 95% CI: 1.76–2.37],Stillbirth increases [AHR;1.67: 95% CI: 1.34–2.07], Abortion [AHR; 2.64, 95%CI: 2.25–3.09].
Conclusion
The progression of GDM to DM was very high and special follow up should be implemented for women with a history of abortion, stillbirth, and family history of DM.
Evaluation of a Multi-disciplinary Medical Model in Vancomycin Treatment in Chinese Adult Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ma Lingyun , Zhou Ying , Chen Chaoyang , Gao Feifei , Li Xueying , Que Chengli , Jiao Hongmei , Li Shuangling , Zheng Xizi , Lv Jicheng , Cui Yimin , Yang Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse drug reaction of vancomycin which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. To investigate the roles of a multi-disciplinary medical model in preventing vancomycin-induced AKI (VI-AKI) through a standardized clinical path. Methods This study was a single center open-label randomized clinical trial which included adult pneumonia patients using vancomycin in Peking University First Hospital. In the intervention group (multi-disciplinary medical model), a standardized clinical path was conducted as (1) pharmacists-driven PopPK formula-based vancomycin regimen. (2) pharmacists-driven TDM monitor. (3) physicians-driven SCr monitor. (4) nephrologists-driven multi-disciplinary kidney protection. Pharmacists or nephrologists did not intervene patients; treatment in the control group (routine medical model). The primary outcome was the incidence of VI-AKI. Results145 patients including 72 in the intervention arm and 73 in the control arm, aged 69.0 (60.0-79.0) years with male in 74.5%, were included in the outcome analysis. The incidence of AKI was 23.6% (17/72) in the intervention arm and 34.2% (25/73) in the control arm (P=0.16). Among the 57 patients in the intervention arm who accepted PopPK based vancomycin regimen, AKI incidence was significantly decreased compared to patients in the control arm (15.8% vs. 34.2%, P=0.02). Conclusions Intervention with a multi-disciplinary medical model through standardized clinical path has the potential to reduce the incidence of VI-AKI. Multicenter and large sample size studies are warranted. This trial is registered with chictr.org (number ChiCTR1900021115, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35376&htm=4) on 29th Jan 2019 by retrospective registration.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Enhancing Provider Well-Being in a Metropolitan Medical Group
Authors: Shields Lisa Barbara , Jennings James T. , Honaker Joshua T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Physician burnout refers to depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and a sense of lower personal accomplishment. Affecting approximately 50% of physicians in the United States, physician burnout negatively impacts both the physician and patient. Over a 3-year-period, this prospective study evaluated the multidisciplinary approach to decreasing provider burnout and improving provider well-being in our metropolitan community.
Methods
A multidisciplinary Well-Being Task Force was established at our Institution in 2017 to assess the myriad factors that may play a role in provider burnout and offer solutions to mitigate the stressors that may lead to decreased provider well-being. Providers at our Institution took the Mayo Clinic’s well-being index survey on 3 occasions over 3 years. Their scores were compared to those of providers nationally at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after implementing organizational and individualized techniques to enhance provider well-being. Lower well-being index scores reflected better well-being.
Results
The average overall well-being index scores of our Institution’s providers decreased from 1.76 at baseline to 1.32 2 years later compared to an increase in well-being index scores of physicians nationally (1.73 to 1.85). Both male and female providers’ average well-being index scores at our Institution decreased over the 3 years of this study, from 1.72 to 1.58 for males and 1.78 to 1.21 for females, while physicians’ scores nationally increased for both genders. The average well-being index scores were highest for providers at our Institution who graduated from medical school less than 5 years earlier (2.0) and who graduated 15–24 years earlier (2.3), whereas the average lowest scores were observed in providers who graduated ≥25 years earlier (1.37). Obstetricians/gynecologists and internal medicine physicians had the highest average well-being index scores (2.48 and 2.4, respectively) compared to other medical specialties. The turnover rate of our Institution’s providers was 5.6% in 2017 and 3.9% in 2019, reflecting a 30% decrease.
Conclusion
This study serves as a model to reduce provider burnout and enhance well-being through both organizational and individual interventions by the following multifaceted strategies: (1) provider engagement & growth; (2) workflow/office efficiencies; (3) relationship building; and (4) communication.
Sex differences in gut microbiome in high-fat-diet fed rats.
Authors: Shi Ying , Yue Fangzhi , Xing Lin , Wu Shanyu , Wei Lin , Xiang Xingwei , Lam Sin Man , Shui Guanghou , Russell Ryan , Xia Ke , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Sex differences in obesity and related metabolic diseases are well recognized, however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. Gut microbiota and its metabolites may play a vital role in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in gut microbiota and its metabolites in a high-fat-diet (HFD) obesity rats and identify microbiota genera potentially contributing to such differences in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility.

Results

Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (seven animals per group): (1) male rats on a normal diet (MND), (2) male rats on HFD (MHFD), (3) female rats on a normal diet (FND), and (4) female rats on HFD (FHFD). HFD induced more body weight gain and fat storage in female rats, however, lower hepatic steatosis in FHFD than in MHFD rats was observed. When considering gut microbiota composition, FHFD rats had lower microbiome diversity than MHFD. A significant increase of Firmicutes phylum and Bilophila genus was detected in MHFD rats, as compared with FHFD, which showed increased relative abundance of Murimonas and Roseburia . Moreover, propionic and lauric acid levels were higher in FHFD than those in MHFD rats.

Conclusion

HFD induced sex-related alterations in gut microbiome and fatty acids. Furthermore, the genus Bilophila and Roseburia might contribute to sex differences observed in obesity and NAFLD susceptibility.
Development and validation of genome-wide InDel markers with high levels of polymorphism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
Authors: Cui Junjie , Peng Jiazhu , Cheng Jiaowen , Hu Kailin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The preferred choice for molecular marker development is identifying existing variation in populations through DNA sequencing. With the genome resources currently available for bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia ), it is now possible to detect genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms among bitter gourd populations, which guides the efficient development of InDel markers. Results: Here, using bioinformatics technology, we detected 389,487 InDels from 61 Chinese bitter gourd accessions with an average density of approximately 1,298 InDels/Mb. Then we developed a total of 2,502 unique InDel primer pairs with a polymorphism information content (PIC) ≥0.6 distributed across the whole genome. Amplification of InDels in two bitter gourd lines ‘47-2-1-1-3’ and ‘04-17,’ indicated that the InDel markers were reliable and accurate. To highlight their utilization, the InDel markers were employed to construct a genetic map using 113 ‘47-2-1-1-3’×‘04-17’ F 2 individuals. This InDel genetic map of bitter gourd consisted of 164 new InDel markers distributed on 15 linkage groups with a coverage of approximately half of the genome. Conclusions: This is the first report on the development of genome-wide InDel markers for bitter gourd. The validation of the amplification and genetic map construction suggests that these unique InDel markers may enhance the efficiency of genetic studies and marker-assisted selection for bitter gourd.