bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine increases peripheral fatigue in low- but not in high-performing cyclists
Authors: Santos Pamela S. , Felippe Leandro C. , Ferreira Guilherme A. , Learsi Sara K. , Couto Patrícia G. , Bertuzzi Romulo , Pereira Gleber , Lima-Silva Adriano E. 
Published: May 2020

The influence of cyclists’ performance levels on caffeine-induced increases in neuromuscular fatigue after a 4-km cycling time trial (TT) was investigated. Nineteen cyclists performed a 4-km cycling TT 1 h after ingesting caffeine (5 mg·kg−1) or placebo (cellulose). Changes from baseline to after exercise in voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated 1 Hz force twitch (Qtw,pot) were used as markers of central and peripheral fatigue, respectively. Participants were classified as “high performing” (HP, n = 8) or “low performing” (LP, n = 8) in accordance with their performance in a placebo trial. Compared with placebo, caffeine increased the power, anaerobic mechanical power, and anaerobic work, reducing the time to complete the trial in both groups (p < 0.05). There was a group versus supplement and a group versus supplement versus trial interaction for Qtw,pot, in which the postexercise reduction was greater after caffeine compared with placebo in the LP group (Qtw,pot = −34% ± 17% vs. −21% ± 11%, p = 0.02) but not in the HP group (Qtw,pot = −22% ± 8% vs. −23% ± 10%, p = 0.64). There was no effect of caffeine on VA, but there was a group versus trial interaction with lower postexercise values in the LP group than in the HP group (p = 0.03). Caffeine-induced improvement in 4-km cycling TT performance seems to come at the expense of greater locomotor muscle fatigue in LP but not in HP cyclists. Novelty Caffeine improves exercise performance at the expense of a greater end-exercise peripheral fatigue in low-performing athletes. Caffeine-induced improvement in exercise performance does not affect end-exercise peripheral fatigue in high-performing athletes. High-performing athletes seem to have augmented tolerance to central fatigue during a high-intensity time trial.
Neutrino phenomenology and dark matter in an $$A_4$$ flavour extended $$B-L$$ model
Authors: Mishra Subhasmita , Behera Mitesh Kumar , Mohanta Rukmani , Patra Sudhanwa , Singirala Shivaramakrishna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present an $${\mathrm{A}}_4$$A4 flavor extended $${\mathrm{B-L}}$$B-L model for realization of eV scale sterile neutrinos, motivated by the recent experimental hints from both particle physics and cosmology. The framework considered here is a gauged $${\mathrm{B-L}}$$B-L extension of standard model without the introduction of right-handed neutrinos, where the gauge triangle anomalies are canceled with the inclusion of three exotic neutral fermions $$N_{i}$$Ni ($$i=1,2,3$$i=1,2,3) with $${\mathrm{B-L}}$$B-L charges $$-\,4,-\,4$$-4,-4 and 5. The usual Dirac Yukawa couplings between the SM neutrinos and the exotic fermions are absent and thus, the model allows natural realization of eV scale sterile-like neutrino and its mixing with standard model neutrinos by invoking $${\mathrm{A}}_4$$A4 flavor symmetry. We demonstrate how the exact tri-bimaximal mixing pattern is perturbed due to active-sterile mixing by analyzing $$1+3$$1+3 case in detail. We also show the implication of eV scale sterile-like neutrino on various observables in neutrino oscillation experiments and the effective mass in neutrinoless double beta decay. Another interesting feature of the model is that one of three exotic fermions is required to explain eV scale phenomena, while other two fermions form stable dark matter candidates and their total relic density satisfy the observed $$3\sigma $$3σ limit of Planck data. We constrain the gauge parameters associated with U(1) gauge extension, using relic density and collider bounds.
The 𝒩 = 4 coset model and the higher spin algebra
Authors: Ahn Changhyun , Kim Dong-gyu , Kim Man Hea 
Published: May 2020

By computing the operator product expansions between the first two [Formula: see text] higher spin multiplets in the unitary coset model, the (anti-)commutators of higher spin currents are obtained under the large [Formula: see text] ’t Hooft-like limit. The free field realization with complex bosons and fermions is presented. The (anti-)commutators for generic spins [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with manifest [Formula: see text] symmetry at vanishing ’t Hooft-like coupling constant are completely determined. The structure constants can be written in terms of the ones in the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] algebra found by Bergshoeff, Pope, Romans, Sezgin and Shen previously, in addition to the spin-dependent fractional coefficients and two [Formula: see text] invariant tensors. We also describe the [Formula: see text] higher spin generators, by using the above coset construction results, for general superspin [Formula: see text] in terms of oscillators in the matrix generalization of [Formula: see text] Vasiliev higher spin theory at nonzero ’t Hooft-like coupling constant. We obtain the [Formula: see text] higher spin algebra for low spins and present how to determine the structure constants, which depend on the higher spin algebra parameter, in general, for fixed spins [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Population-based Genetic Testing for Precision Prevention
Authors: Evans Olivia , Manchanda Ranjit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Global interest in genetic testing for cancer susceptibility genes (CSG) has surged with falling costs, increasing awareness, and celebrity endorsement. Current access to genetic testing is based on clinical criteria/risk model assessment which uses family history as a surrogate. However, this approach is fraught with inequality, massive underutilization, and misses 50% CSG carriers. This reflects huge missed opportunities for precision prevention. Early CSG identification enables uptake of risk-reducing strategies in unaffected individuals to reduce cancer risk. Population-based genetic testing (PGT) can overcome limitations of clinical criteria/family history–based testing. Jewish population studies show population-based BRCA testing is feasible, acceptable, has high satisfaction, does not harm psychologic well-being/quality of life, and is extremely cost-effective, arguing for changing paradigm to PGT in the Jewish population. Innovative approaches for delivering pretest information/education are needed to facilitate informed decision-making for PGT. Different health systems will need context-specific implementation strategies and management pathways, while maintaining principles of population screening. Data on general population PGT are beginning to emerge, prompting evaluation of wider implementation. Sophisticated risk prediction models incorporating genetic and nongenetic data are being used to stratify populations for ovarian cancer and breast cancer risk and risk-adapted screening/prevention. PGT is potentially cost-effective for panel testing of breast and ovarian CSGs and for risk-adapted breast cancer screening. Further research/implementation studies evaluating the impact, clinical efficacy, psychologic and socio–ethical consequences, and cost-effectiveness of PGT are needed.
Comparison of Robotic Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Traditional Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Patel Tejas M. , Shah Sanjay C. , Soni Yash Y. , Radadiya Rajni C. , Patel Gaurav A. , Tiwari Pradyot O. , Pancholy Samir B. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) has been shown to benefit the operator but has not shown any significant benefit to the patient. We sought to compare a large cohort of R-PCI to traditional percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures performed at a tertiary care center in the same time frame.

Methods:
A total of 996 consecutive patients referred for PCI between December 2017 and March 2019 were studied, of which 310 (31.1%) patients were selected to undergo R-PCI and 686 (68.9%) patients underwent traditional PCI. The coprimary study outcome measures were air kerma, dose-area product, fluoroscopy time, volume of contrast, and total procedural time. Caliper propensity-matching technique was used (caliper, 0.05) to match each R-PCI patient to the nearest traditional PCI patient without replacement.

Results:

Air kerma (mGy; median [interquartile range];
P
; 884 [537–1398] versus 1110 [699–1498];
P
=0.002) and dose-area product (cGycm
2
; 4734 [2695–7746] versus 5746 [3751–7833];
P
=0.003) were significantly lower in the R-PCI group. There was no difference in fluoroscopy time (minutes; 5.51 [3.53–8.31] versus 5.48 [3.31–9.37];
P
=0.936) and contrast volume (mL; 130 [103–170] versus 140 [100–180];
P
=0.905). Total procedural time (minutes) was significantly higher in the R-PCI group (27 [21–40] versus 37 [27–50];
P
<0.0005).

Conclusions:
R-PCI is associated with a significant decrease in radiation exposure to the patient with no increase in fluoroscopy time, as well as contrast utilization, and a minor increase in procedure duration compared with traditional PCI.
Low Insulin Is an Independent Predictor of All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Death in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nogi Maki , Kawakami Rika , Ishihara Satomi , Hirai Kaeko , Nakada Yasuki , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Ueda Tomoya , Nishida Taku , Onoue Kenji , Soeda Tsunenari , Okayama Satoshi , Watanabe Makoto , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2020

Background

Insulin beneficially affects myocardial functions during myocardial ischemia. It increases glucose‐derived
ATP
production, decreases oxygen consumption, suppresses apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and promotes the survival of cardiomyocytes. Patients with chronic heart failure generally have high insulin resistance, which is correlated with poor outcomes. The role of insulin in acute decompensated heart failure (
ADHF
) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum insulin level at the time of admission for long‐term outcomes in patients with
ADHF
.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 1074 consecutive patients who were admitted to our department for
ADHF
. Of these 1074 patients, we studied the impact of insulin on the prognosis of
ADHF
in 241 patients without diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into groups according to low, intermediate, and high tertiles of serum insulin levels. Primary end points were all‐cause death and cardiovascular death. During a mean follow‐up of 21.8 months, 71 all‐cause deaths and 38 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in the low‐insulin group than those in the intermediate‐ and high‐insulin groups (log‐rank
P
=0.0046 and
P
=0.038, respectively). Moreover, according to the multivariable analysis, low serum insulin was an independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.24–4.65;
P
=0.009] and 2.94 [95%
CI,
1.12–8.19;
P
=0.028], respectively).

Conclusions

Low serum insulin levels were associated with increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death in
ADHF
patients without diabetes mellitus.
High Salt Intake Augments Blood Pressure Responses During Submaximal Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Babcock Matthew C. , Robinson Austin T. , Migdal Kamila U. , Watso Joseph C. , Martens Christopher R. , Edwards David G. , Pescatello Linda S. , Farquhar William B. 
Published: May 2020

Background

High sodium (Na
+
) intake is a widespread cardiovascular disease risk factor. High Na
+
intake impairs endothelial function and exaggerates sympathetic reflexes, which may augment exercising blood pressure (BP) responses. Therefore, this study examined the influence of high dietary Na
+
on BP responses during submaximal aerobic exercise.

Methods and Results

Twenty adults (8F/12M, age=24±4 years; body mass index 23.0±0.6 kg·m
−2
; VO
2
peak=39.7±9.8 mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
; systolic BP=111±10 mm Hg; diastolic BP=64±8 mm Hg) participated in this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study. Total Na
+
intake was manipulated via ingestion of capsules containing either a placebo (dextrose) or table salt (3900 mg Na
+
/day) for 10 days each, separated by ≥2 weeks. On day 10 of each intervention, endothelial function was assessed via flow‐mediated dilation followed by BP measurement at rest and during 50 minutes of cycling at 60% VO
2peak
. Throughout exercise, BP was assessed continuously via finger photoplethysmography and every 5 minutes via auscultation. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and during the final 10 minutes of exercise for assessment of norepinephrine. High Na
+
intake increased urinary Na
+
excretion (placebo=140±68 versus Na
+
=282±70 mmol·24H
−1
;
P
<0.001) and reduced flow‐mediated dilation (placebo=7.2±2.4 versus Na
+
=4.2±1.7%;
P
<0.001). Average exercising systolic BP was augmented following high Na
+
(placebo=Δ30.0±16.3 versus Na
+
=Δ38.3±16.2 mm Hg;
P
=0.03) and correlated to the reduction in flow‐mediated dilation (
R
=−0.71,
P
=0.002). Resting norepinephrine concentration was not different between conditions (
P
=0.82). Norepinephrine increased during exercise (
P
=0.002), but there was no Na
+
effect (
P
=0.26).

Conclusions

High dietary Na
+
augments BP responses during submaximal aerobic exercise, which may be mediated, in part, by impaired endothelial function.
Distinct Commensal Bacterial Signature in the Gut Is Associated With Acute and Long-Term Protection From Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Benakis Corinne , Poon Carrie , Lane Diane , Brea David , Sita Giulia , Moore Jamie , Murphy Michelle , Racchumi Gianfranco , Iadecola Costantino , Anrather Josef 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
Commensal gut bacteria have a profound impact on stroke pathophysiology. Here, we investigated whether modification of the microbiota influences acute and long-term outcome in mice subjected to stroke.

Methods—
C57BL/6 male mice received a cocktail of antibiotics or single antibiotic. After 4 weeks, fecal bacterial density of the 16S rRNA gene was quantitated by qPCR, and phylogenetic classification was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Infarct volume and hemispheric volume loss were measured 3 days and 5 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, respectively. Neurological deficits were tested by the Tape Test and the open field test.

Results—
Mice treated with a cocktail of antibiotics displayed a significant reduction of the infarct volume in the acute phase of stroke. The neuroprotective effect was abolished in mice recolonized with a wild-type microbiota. Single antibiotic treatment with either ampicillin or vancomycin, but not neomycin, was sufficient to reduce the infarct volume and improved motorsensory function 3 days after stroke. This neuroprotective effect was correlated with a specific microbial population rather than the total bacterial density. In particular, random forest analysis trained for the severity of the brain damage revealed that Bacteroidetes S24.7 and the enzymatic pathway for aromatic metabolism discriminate between large versus small infarct size. Additionally, the microbiota signature in the ampicillin-treated mice was associated with a reduced gut inflammation, long-term favorable outcome shown by an amelioration of the stereotypic behavior, and a reduction of brain tissue loss in comparison to control and was predictive of a regulation of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan pathways.

Conclusions—
The findings highlight the importance of the intestinal microbiota in short- and long-term outcomes of ischemic stroke and raises the possibility that targeted modification of the microbiome associated with specific microbial enzymatic pathways may provide a preventive strategy in patients at high risk for stroke.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
The Nature of Haptic Working Memory Capacity and Its Relation to Visual Working Memory
Authors: Morimoto Taku 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
I conducted three experiments to investigate haptic working memory capacity using a haptic change detection task with 2D stimuli. I adopted a single-task paradigm comprising haptic single-feature (orientation or texture) and haptic multifeature (orientation and texture) conditions in Experiment 1 and a dual-task paradigm with a primary haptic orientation or texture change detection task and a concurrent secondary visual shape or colour change detection task in Experiments 2–3. I observed that in the single-task paradigm, haptic change detection capacity was higher for single features than it was for multiple features. In haptic working memory, unlike in visual working memory, features of two different dimensions within an object cannot be integrated. In the dual-task paradigm, interference was observed when the concurrent visual shape change detection task was combined with the haptic orientation change detection task although interference was not observed when the concurrent visual colour change detection task was combined with it. In addition, the concurrent visual shape or colour change detection task did not interfere with the capacity for haptic texture memory, which was higher than that for haptic orientation memory. These findings demonstrate that geometric properties perhaps retained a common storage system shared between haptic working memory and visual working memory; however, haptic texture might be retained in an independent stable storage system that is haptic-specific.
Mechanisms for the Dipolar Patterns of Rainfall Variability over Large Islands in the Maritime Continent Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Qian Jian-Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBefore the eastward-propagating rainy envelope of a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) arrives at the Maritime Continent (MC), some islands in the MC experience dipolar patterns of rainfall variability with opposite signs of rainfall anomalies in two neighboring regions within an island. Similar incoherent rainfall anomalies are also observed after the MJO passed the MC. The mechanisms for these dipolar patterns of rainfall anomalies are investigated by using observed and reanalysis data. It is found that the response of rainfall in the MC depends on the direction of wind anomalies and the availability of atmospheric moisture in different phases of the MJO. The low-level wind anomalies over the MC are easterlies in MJO phases 1–3, which cause above-normal rainfall over the mountainous areas in Java, and in western Borneo, western Sumatra, and western Malay Peninsula, respectively. In phases 5–6, the low-level wind anomalies are westerlies and the positive rainfall anomalies are over the eastern part of the islands. Two physical mechanisms are responsible for this phenomenon of the dipolar patterns of rainfall anomalies: 1) the monsoonal damping effect on rainfall over elongated narrow islands—an inverse relationship between the intensity of the diurnal cycle of sea breezes and valley breezes and the large-scale monsoonal wind speed, and 2) the wake effect on rainfall over large and wide islands—above-normal rainfall on the downwind wake side of an island or mountain range with respect to large-scale wind anomalies.
Uncertainties Caused by Resistances in Evapotranspiration Estimation Using High-Density Eddy Covariance Measurements
Authors: Zhao Wen Li , Qiu Guo Yu , Xiong Yu Jiu , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Gentine Pierre , Chen Bao Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantifying the uncertainties caused by resistance parameterizations is fundamental for understanding, improving, and developing terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models. Using high-density eddy covariance (EC) tower observations in a heterogeneous oasis in northwest China, this study evaluates the impacts of resistances on the estimation of latent heat flux (LE), the energy equivalent of ET, by comparing resistance parameterizations with different complexities under one- and two-source Penman–Monteith (PM) equations. The results showed that the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) for the LE estimates from the one- and two-source PM equations varied from 32% to 53%, and the uncertainties were caused mainly by the resistance parameterizations. Calibrating the parameters required in the resistance estimations could improve the performance of the PM equations; specifically, the MAPEs for the one-source PM equations were approximately 16%, whereas they were 38% for the two-source PM equations, emphasizing that multiple resistances result in increased uncertainties. The following conclusions were reached: 1) the empirical and biophysical parameters required in resistance estimations were responsible for the uncertainty; 2) increasingly complex resistance parameterizations resulted in greater uncertainties in LE estimates; and 3) models without resistance parameterizations exhibited reduced uncertainties in LE estimates.
The Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System Version 2 (CanSIPSv2)
Authors: Lin Hai , Merryfield William J. , Muncaster Ryan , Smith Gregory C. , Markovic Marko , Dupont Frédéric , Roy François , Lemieux Jean-François , Dirkson Arlan , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Lee Woo-Sung , Charron Martin , Erfani Amin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe second version of the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPSv2) was implemented operationally at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in July 2019. Like its predecessors, CanSIPSv2 applies a multimodel ensemble approach with two coupled atmosphere–ocean models, CanCM4i and GEM-NEMO. While CanCM4i is a climate model, which is upgraded from CanCM4 of the previous CanSIPSv1 with improved sea ice initialization, GEM-NEMO is a newly developed numerical weather prediction (NWP)-based global atmosphere–ocean coupled model. In this paper, CanSIPSv2 is introduced, and its performance is assessed based on the reforecast of 30 years from 1981 to 2010, with 10 ensemble members of 12-month integrations for each model. Ensemble seasonal forecast skill of 2-m air temperature, 500-hPa geopotential height, precipitation rate, sea surface temperature, and sea ice concentration is assessed. Verification is also performed for the Niño-3.4, the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) indices. It is found that CanSIPSv2 outperforms the previous CanSIPSv1 system in many aspects. Atmospheric teleconnections associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are reasonably well captured by the two CanSIPSv2 models, and a large part of the seasonal forecast skill in boreal winter can be attributed to the ENSO impact. The two models are also able to simulate the Northern Hemisphere teleconnection associated with the tropical MJO, which likely provides another source of skill on the subseasonal to seasonal time scale.