bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord herniation following multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sinha Siddharth , George K. Joshi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most commonly performed spinal operations. Spinal cord herniation following these procedures is rare, more typically being described as occurring posteriorly rather than following anterior corpectomy and fusion (e.g., reported in four corpectomy cases). Here, we describe a case in which spinal cord herniation was attributed to a three-level ACDF.

Case Description:
A 31-year-old male initially presented with a 1 year’s duration of increasing myelopathy attributed to MR documented three-level disc disease (C4-C7). He successfully underwent a three-level ACDF without complications/durotomy. One year later, he again presented, with myelopathy (i.e., recurrent neck pain and stiffness) newly attributed to MR documented anterolateral C4-C5 cord herniation. As he declined further surgery, he was treated medically (e.g., utilizing analgesia and physiotherapy) and was no worse 6 months later.

Conclusion:
The occurrence of spinal cord herniation through a prior ACDF defect must be considered when patients present with recurrent myelopathy following previous ACDF surgery.
Late-onset occlusion of the Monro foramina after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults: Case discussion and review of the literature
Authors: Fabbro Sara , Tuniz Francesco , Piccolo Daniele , Cramaro Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Few cases of adult idiopathic occlusion of the foramen of Monro (AIOFM) are described in the literature. The diagnosis of AIOFM after an endoscopic procedure is even more infrequent.

Case Description:
We described the case of a 50-year-old woman who developed bilateral membranous occlusion of both Monro foramina 20 years after an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for triventricular hydrocephalus due to an aqueductal stenosis. The patient underwent an endoscopic treatment (left foraminoplasty and septostomy) to check the patency of the stoma on the floor of the third ventricle. After the endoscopic procedure, the symptoms improved and the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the resolution of the biventricular hydrocephalus.

Conclusion:
Bilateral occlusion of both FM with consequent bilateral lateral ventricles enlargement is an extremely rare condition, especially if we consider the cases of biventricular hydrocephalus after endoscopic procedures. In our opinion, an endoscopic approach should be attempted as first choice procedure, avoiding any intraventricular stent or shunt placement.
“Whiplash” cervical trauma with fracture and migration of carotid stent fragments
Authors: Silva Danilo Almeida , Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de , Jory Maurício , Conti Mario Luiz Marques , Veiga José Carlos Esteves 
Published: October 2020

Background:Angioplasty using a carotid stent is a treatment modality for carotid stenosis, with results similar to those obtained with endarterectomy, as demonstrated by important studies. The increasing use of this procedure has also led to a larger number of reports of complications, stent fractures among those. Stent fracture is a rare manifestation and hence needs further studying so that its actual prevalence can be determined, as well as its associated risk factors and proper clinical management. The current study reports the case of a patient who had previously undergone angioplasty with a carotid stent and, after an automobile accident, presented with a stent fracture and distal embolization of fragments thereof with neurological manifestation.Case Description:A male patient, 40 years old, presented with a history of previously stent carotid angioplasty. He had been involved in an automobile accident and suffered a stent fracture with distal fragment migration. As he was an asymptomatic patient (NIHSS 0, Rankin zero), we opted for a conservative treatment with oral anticoagulant.Conclusion:Angioplasty is an effective treatment for extracranial atherosclerosis and, albeit rare, stent fractures can result in the migration of fragments thereof. This occurrence should be suspected in patients who have sustained severe neck injuries due to sudden deceleration and may be associated with thromboembolism.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KERTAS BERWARNA
Authors: Suyatmiati Suyatmiati 
Published: October 2020

<p><em>This research is aimedÂ to improve mathematics students learning achievement inelementary school, especially inmixed count operation on integer materials through the application of colored paper learning media. This research was a classroom action research refferedto Kemmis and Mc Taggartâ€™s design, which includes planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research subject were all the student of fourth A gradeÂ in SDN Wadungsari Waru Sidoarjo inÂ theÂ the period of 2016/2017. Before the implementation of the action, the classical average value is 58.75. After the action is applied, the results of the test onÂ cycle I is 75 for classical average value and the results of the test onÂ cycle II is 84,38 with student learning completeness</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em><em>colored paper media</em><em>, learning achievement</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
PROSES BERPIKIR ALJABAR SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH GENERALISASI POLA BERDASARKAN GAYA KOGNITIF
Authors: Setyawan Galuh , Hayuhantika Diesty 
Published: October 2020

<p><em>This research is aimed to describe </em><em>algebra thinking of the students in solving problems on pattern generalization in terms of cognitive style of visualizer and verbalizer. </em><em>This descriptive qualitative research is conducted using questionnaire, tests, and interview. </em><em>The research subjects used were the students of class VII J, 2 students of cognitive visualizer style and 2 students of cognitive verbalizer style. The results shows, visualizer students on pattern seeking can filter information, on pattern recognizing can finding pattern, on generalizing can generalize general rules. While, verbalizer students on on pattern seeking can filter information, on pattern recognizing can not finding pattern, on generalizing can notgeneralize of the problems. So, students have cognitive style visualizer and verbalizer different in algebraic thinking, visualizer students can passing through all three stages on algebraic thinking, while verbalizer students only to stage on pattern seeking.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Â </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>algebra thinking</em><em>, visualizer and verbalizer</em><em></em></p>
Komparasi model pembelajaran TAI dan TGT terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar
Authors: Vristyaningtyas Riska , Rahayu Dwi Shinta 
Published: October 2020

<em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI pada materi garis singgung lingkaran di SMPN 1 Ngantru. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui analisis data menggunakan Independent-samples T-Test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan analisis data mengenai hasil belajar diperoleh P-value / Asymp sig. sebesar 0,002 sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI. Selain itu, analisis data mengenai motivasi belajar memperoleh nilai P-value / Asymp sig. sebesar 0,031, sehingga motivasi belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TA</em>I
Using regression tree analysis to determine size class intervals and sexual dimorphism in the Morelet's crocodile Crocodylus moreletii
Authors: Padilla Sergio E. , González‐Jáuregui Mauricio , Von Osten Jaime Rendón , Valdespino Carolina , López Luna Marco A. , Quiróz Gabriel Barrios , Barão‐Nóbrega José António L. 
Published: October 2020

Assignment of Morelet's crocodile Crocodylus moreletii individuals into size groups or classes based on ecological and morphological similarities has not yet been associated with species‐specific ontogeny related changes. Age or size of first reproductive behavior is not precisely known for C. moreletii, but differences in allometric patterns and relative cranial size between juveniles and adults might be used as an indicator of sexual maturity. In this study, a regression tree analysis was used to investigate the relationship between age and body size in 1266 crocodiles by using both simple and generalized linear models, with gender and origin (captivity or wild) as factors. Total length (TL), snout–vent length (SVL) and cranial length (CL) were used as predictor variables and the logarithm of body mass as the response variable. Four length intervals with well‐defined thresholds (514, 899 and 1497 mm of TL) were established using all three predictors (TL, SVL and CL). Relationship between SVL and TL was described, and a strong positive relationship (r2 = 0.98), unaffected by crocodile gender, was observed. The observed CL–TL and CL–SVL relationships were also positive but significantly different between males and females (p < 0.001) and length interval classes (p = 0.01). These results suggest that our estimated size thresholds seem to correspond to important ontogenetic changes in C. moreletii and that sexual maturity is closely related to size in this species, where sexual dimorphism in body length occurs, particularly in large individuals (size group IV).
Grey seal Halichoerus grypus recolonisation of the southern Baltic Sea, Danish Straits and Kattegat
Authors: Galatius Anders , Teilmann Jonas , Dähne Michael , Ahola Markus , Westphal Linda , Kyhn Line A. , Pawliczka Iwona , Olsen Morten Tange , Dietz Rune 
Published: October 2020

The grey seal became locally extinct in the southern Baltic Sea, Danish Straits and Kattegat in the early 1900s after prolonged culling campaigns. Here, we combine national monitoring and anecdotal data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Poland to report on the grey seal's recolonisation of those areas and the initial reestablishment of breeding colonies. Grey seal occurrence has steadily increased since year 2003 as evidenced by the coordinated Baltic Sea moult censuses. At the first census in 2003, there were 146 grey seals along the southern Baltic coasts of Sweden and Denmark, ca 1% of the total Baltic Sea population count. Since 2015, this has increased to 2000–2600 grey seals, or ca 7% of the total population count. Since the local extinction, there have been sporadic breeding events in the 1940s on sea ice around Bornholm and in the 1980s and 1990s on haul‐outs in Kattegat. In 2003, the first two pups in the southern Baltic Sea were recorded at R⊘dsand, Denmark. This is to date the only site in the southern Baltic Sea with regular annual pupping since the recolonisation. Since 2000, there have also been sporadic breeding events in Danish Kattegat, southern Sweden, Poland and Germany. At R⊘dsand, there have been at least 3–10 pups recorded every year since initiation of monitoring in 2011, with an increasing tendency until 2017 with 10 pups counted, which subsequently decreased to 5–6 pups annually in 2018–2020. Compared to recolonising events in the Atlantic, the numbers of pups are low. This may be caused by differences in population dynamics, recolonisation distances, habitat and mortality and effects of rehabilitation programmes. It is likely that the breeding distribution will spread throughout the southern Baltic, Danish Straits and Kattegat if appropriate protection measures of seals and haul‐outs are installed.
English Debate Technique in Senior High School in Improving Student’s Speaking Ability and Applying Knowledge Insight
Authors: Rohadi Rohadi 
Published: October 2020

This research is to improve students’ speaking ability in giving opinions and responding to another’s opinion through debate. The goal of language learning is to communicate. Therefore, it will be useless for a language learner who cannot use the language at the end of the study. As one of the English skills to learn, speaking stands as an important aspect to be learned and surely it can apply knowledge insight. Through English Debate as a technique, the students are expected to be more confident in delivering their point of view in many issues in whatever circumstances. The methodology of this research is a classroom action research which consisted of 3 cycles. The subject of this research was the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Baros, the class consists of 36 students. To collect the data, the researcher used the observation checklist and field notes. Through an observation checklist, the researcher observed students’ activity in the classroom and by using field notes, the researcher reflected the problem found. Based on the research findings, the debate technique which was applied to the subjects of research showed the improvement of students’ speaking ability. Based on the result of the researcher’s observation using the observation checklist and form of field notes, it can be seen that students’ speaking ability in giving opinions and responding to another’s opinion has been improved. The percentage of students’ activity in the classroom when debate, in the first cycle, was 57%, in the second cycle was 67% and the third cycle was 76%. It indicated that the debate technique had improved students’ speaking ability in giving opinions and responding to another’s opinion. The debate in language teaching contains the principles of the debate teaching-learning process, and the teaching procedures, which will discuss how it is conducted procedurally in the classroom.
Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis on the Prognosis of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Han Shang-Zhi , Lv Xin , Chen Xi-Bo , Xu Ying-Ying , Liu Rui , Zhang Xing-Le 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a common salivary gland malignancy. As studies reported on large cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid glands are few, this paper aims to research the effects of clinical and pathological factors, such as applying concentrated growth factor (CGF) on repairing and cervical lymph node metastasis, on the prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.
Methods: The retrospective analysis of prognostic factors was conducted based on 176 cases with mucoepidermoidcarcinoma of the parotid gland, who received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College during the period of March 2000 to March 2012.
Results: The Five-year overall survival rate was 75.57%, while the Five-year tumor-free survival rate was 64.77%. Univariate analysis showed that the influential factors for the prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland included surgical approach, tumor size, clinical stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, etc; among which pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were indicated by multivariate analysis to be the independent risk factors.
Conclusion: The survival rate of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland is relatively high. Lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, and distant metastasis are the independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with mucous epidermis carcinoma of the parotid gland.
Upper Esophageal Schwannoma: Rare Differential Diagnosis of Dysphagia
Authors: Acharya Bigyan , Thakur Binay , Devkota Mukti , Pandey Greta , Shrestha Anup , Chaudhary Manish 
Published: October 2020

Esophageal schwannomas are rare primary sub mucosal tumors, 45 cases have been reported so far. We herein report the 46th case of an esophageal schwannoma from Nepal. A 60-year-old woman presented with progressivedysphagia. Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (OGD) showed a sub mucosal mass with mucosal puckering in the upper esophagus; Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed an upper esophageal mass of size 8x7x6cm3compressing the trachea. Bronchoscopy showed external compression of the mid trachea. The patient under went three incision VATS esophagectomy. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma.
Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Dermatophytosis
Authors: Varshney Ajitesh Prakash , Gahalaut Pratik , Pardal Pavan Kumar , Mishra Nitin , Rastogi Madhur Kant , Thapa Manisha 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The term “chronic dermatophytosis” can be described as patients who have suffered tinea infections for more than 6 months, with or without recurrence. Since last few years we are facing an onslaught of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis. These infections are increasingly becoming debilitating with severe symptoms like itching and increasingly showing lack of response to traditional treatment, hence it has become utmost important to assess impact of dermatophytosis today on quality of life of patients.
Objectives: To determine quality of life in patients with chronic dermatophytosis using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
Materials and Methods: Adult literate patients having chronic dermatophytosis which was confirmed by KOH mount were included in the study. History, clinical features and other relevant details were included in a proforma. All patients were asked to fill DLQI questionnaire in Hindi. Controls having disease for less than six months were also included. Data thus obtained was collected and tabulated. The data was analysed using SPSS software and relevant statistical tests were used.
Results: Total number of cases collected were 263, 137 controls were also included. In gender distribution, cases had 71.86% males and 28.14% female while controls had 63.5% males and 36.5% females. Mean DLQI of cases was 14.28+/-5.16 and controls was 11.56+/-3.60. DLQI distribution of cases -162(61.6%) had very large effect, 64(24.33%) had moderate effect, and 32(12.17%) had extremely large effect on DLQI. Domains of Symptoms and feelings (72.67%), work and school related activities (69%) and treatment related problems (67.67%) posed maximum impairment. Quality of life derangement increased significantly with presence of lesions on both exposed and non exposed sites and increase in body surface area.
Conclusion: While superficial dermatophytosis affects quality of life (QoL) in all patients, chronic dermatophytosis has a significantly more derogatory effect on the QoL of a person with some of the patient also showing extremely large effect on QoL.
Blistering Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 10-year Audit
Authors: Parajuli Niraj , Lama Laila , Karki Anupama , Shrestha Rushma , Tiwari Sumida , Kayastha Bhaskar MM 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Cutaneous blisters can occur in variety of conditions. They are broadly classified as immunobullous or non-immunobullous. Immunobullous blistering diseases can further classify as intraepidermal or subepidermal. Non-immunobullous blistering disease are commonly due to infections, drugs among others. Some of the blistering disease carry significant mortality and morbidity. There are only limited data on blistering diseases from Nepal, so this study will provide details on the prevalence of this rare dermatological disease from one of the tertiary care referral hospital in the country.
Objective: To assess the clinical pattern and prevalence of various blistering diseases in a tertiary care referral hospital.
Materials and Methods: All of the data were obtained from the admission register maintained at department of dermatology and venereology, National Academy of Medical Sciences. All the patients admitted with blistering disease from year April 2008 till March 2018 were included. The details including age, sex, type of blistering disease and length of hospital stay were recorded.
Results: A total of 710 patients were admitted in the dermatology ward over the period of 10 years. There were a total of 193 blistering disease admitted during this period. Autoimmune blistering disease was diagnosed in 59 patients whereas 100 patients had non-immunobullous disease. The age grouped range from 4- 93 years with the mean age of 43± 19.71 years. The average number of hospital stay of all blistering diseases was 11.73±11.36 days.
Conclusion: Blistering diseases are one of the most common conditions requiring admission in dermatology ward. Some of these diseases carry a significant morbidity and mortality. So, prompt diagnosis and treatment is of utmost importance.
Non-Veneral Genital Dermatoses: A Study from Western Nepal
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Pun Jenny , Neupane Deepika , Subedi Saujan , Mohammad Asim , Sathian Brijesh 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The etiology of dermatoses involving genital areas could be venereal or on-venereal. These disorders are responsible for mental distress and guilt which can be minimized by appropriate diagnosis and information to the patients.
Objectives: To assess the clinical pattern and prevalence of various non venereal genital dermatoses in a referral center.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive study involving patients with non-venereal diseases visiting outpatient clinics of Department of Dermatology. After informed consent, all the parameters were recorded in a proforma and analyzed.
Results: Total of 70 patients with non-venereal genital dermatoses were included. Mean age of the patients was 33 years. Majority were male, married and had history of irregular use of contraceptives. Duration of symptoms ranged from one to 36 months with mean of four months.
Total 19 types of non-venereal skin diseases were noted with major complaint of itching in genitalia in 22 (31.4%). Primary site of involvement/complaint was vulva in 19 (27.1%), scrotum in 17 (24.3%), groin in 18 (25.7%) and penile area in 14 (20.0%). The most common final dermatological diagnosis in majority was fungal infections and neurodermatitis in 12.9% each. Extramarital relationship was reported by 37 out of 70 patients (52.9%), while 31 patients correlated their symptoms with sexual exposure.
Conclusions: Itching was the most common presenting complaint with infective etiology. The current study highlighted the relevance of addressing non-venereal genital dermatoses in order to avoid the general misconception that all genital lesions are sexually transmitted.