bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and internal validation of a prediction nomogram for acquired premature ejaculation (APE) in PE patients
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dun Xinlong , Hou Guangdong , Zheng Yu , Ju Dongen , Meng Ping , Liu Fei , Yuan Jiarui , Jin Long , Jiang Tao , Gao Ming , Yuan Jianlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA predictive model for acquired premature ejaculation (APE) in PE patients has not yet been established.ObjectivesThis study was aimed at determining which factors were independently associated with the possibility of predicting APE in PE patients, and whether an effective pre‐treatment nomogram for predicting their individual chances of being APE in PE patients can be developed.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the medical histories of 915 PE patients diagnosed at Xijing Hospital (Xi'an, China) and Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital (Xi'an, China) between May 2019 and May 2020. The diagnostic nomogram was developed using a multivariate logistic regression model by integrating selected significant variables determined through univariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to measure the predictive accuracy of the nomogram and its constituted variables, and calibrations were performed by making a comparison of nomogram‐predicted probability with actual rate of APE.ResultsThe independent predictors for APE that were identified include Age, Intra‐vaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT), Frequency of sexual desire (FSD), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire‐Revised Short Scale for Chinese (psychoticism) [EPQ‐RSC(P)] scores. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was 0.782 (95% CI: 0.723–0.841). Also, excellent agreement was demonstrated between the nomogram‐predicted probability and the actual rate of APE.Discussion and conclusionWe identified 4 independent predictors for APE and demonstrated the potential significant differences in psychoticism between LPE and APE patients. This was the first internally validated predictive APE nomogram where good discrimination and calibration were applied, and it offers a promising role in clinical practice. More studies are necessary for verification of its universal applicability.
Less obesity but higher inequalities in Portuguese children: Trends of childhood obesity between 2002–2016
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Muc Magdalena , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Padez Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo observe the trends of overweight and obesity among Portuguese children from 2002 to 2016, before and during the years of the economic crisis, and compare these trends according to family's socio‐economic position (SEP).MethodsPrevalence rates were calculated using data from six studies providing comparable estimates from 2002, 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2016 for children aged 6–10‐years living in the Portuguese Midlands (n = 7192; 50.2% girls). Height and weight were objectively measured; children and family characteristics were collected by standard questionnaires. A logistic regression was used to test the association between variables.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2016, there was a decrease in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, which reached a statistical significance for girls. The prevalence of overweight, including obesity, was high (low‐SEP = 30.5%; high‐SEP = 20.5%) and a widening of socio‐economic inequalities was found. Socio‐economically disadvantaged children had more than 2 times the odds of having obesity than children from higher‐SEP, even after adjusting for sex, physical activity and screen‐time.ConclusionWhile a decrease in overall rates of overweight and obesity was observed from 2002 to 2016, the social inequalities have been widened which suggest the need for public efforts to promote healthy weight at a population level, especially in lower socio‐economic classes.
Spatial working memory in young adolescents with different childhood trajectories of internalizing, conduct and hyperactivity/inattention problems
Authors: Kuang Ye , Flouri Eirini 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn children, internalizing and externalizing problems impact on learning. However, there is limited research on the specific impact of such problems on spatial working memory (SWM), strongly related to cognitive ability and children’s learning.AimsWe explored distinct trajectories of internalizing problems and externalizing problems (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) in a large general‐population sample of children followed from age 3 to age 11 years. We then assessed their role in SWM performance at age 11 years.SampleData were drawn from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Our analytic sample was children with data on SWM at age 11 years (N = 12,589).MethodsThere were two stages of data analysis. Trajectory group membership was firstly estimated by group‐based trajectory modelling for internalizing problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity/inattention at ages 3–11 years. Multiple regression then assessed the relationship between SWM at age 11 years and trajectory group membership after accounting for confounders.ResultsTrajectories of internalizing, conduct, and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms across ages 3 to 11 years were related to SWM at age 11 years, even after controlling for confounding variables. For each of the three symptom domains, poor SWM was most consistently found in children with chronically high levels of symptoms.ConclusionsIn general, atypical patterns of internalizing problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity/inattention in childhood were related to poorer SWM in early adolescence.
Gestational diabetes mellitus by maternal country of birth and length of residence in immigrant women in Norway
Authors: Strandberg Ragnhild B. , Iversen Marjolein M. , Jenum Anne K. , Sørbye Linn Marie , Vik Eline S. , Schytt Erica , Aasheim Vigdis , Nilsen Roy M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsImmigrant women are at higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than non‐immigrant women. This study described the prevalence of GDM in immigrant women by maternal country of birth and examined the associations between immigrants’ length of residence in Norway and GDM.MethodsThis Norwegian national population‐based study included 192,892 pregnancies to immigrant and 1,116,954 pregnancies to non‐immigrant women giving birth during the period 1990–2013. Associations were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression models, adjusted for year of delivery, maternal age, marital status, health region, parity, education and income.ResultsThe prevalence and adjusted OR [CI] for GDM were substantially higher in immigrant women from Bangladesh (7.4%, OR 8.38 [5.41, 12.97]), Sri Lanka (6.3%, OR 7.60 [6.71, 8.60]), Pakistan (4.3%, OR 5.47 [4.90, 6.11]), India (4.4%, OR 5.18 [4.30, 6.24]) and Morocco (4.3%, OR 4.35 [3.63, 5.20]) compared to non‐immigrants (prevalence 0.8%). Overall, GDM prevalence increased from 1.3% (OR 1.25 [1.14, 1.36]) to 3.3% (OR 2.55 [2.39, 2.71]) after 9 years of residence in immigrants compared to non‐immigrant women. This association was particularly strong for women from South Asia.ConclusionsGestational diabetes mellitus prevalence varied substantially between countries of maternal birth and was particularly high in immigrants from Asian countries. GDM appeared to increase with longer length of residence in certain immigrant groups.
Cluster headache: state of the art of pharmacological treatments and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Courault Pierre , Demarquay Geneviève , Zimmer Luc , Lancelot Sophie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCluster headache (CH) is the most common form of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Current treatments have several limitations, and new drugs are required. This article first briefly reviews present acute and preventive treatments in CH, their mechanism of action and limitations, then describes the state of the art in recent clinical drug trials since 2015, and ends with a critique of trials in the CH field. Research is limited by lack of knowledge of pathophysiology and lack of animal models. In the past 5 years, no brand‐new treatment has emerged, but promising drugs, such as CGRP(R) antibodies, are under study. According to the literature and guidelines, clinicians and researchers should be aware of many limitations in study protocols: concomitant medication, patient sample size, patients’ protocol compliance, and study designs that tend to restrict patient recruitment.
Re‐thinking urban infrastructures as spaces of learning
Authors: Tuitjer Leonie , Müller Anna‐Lisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch on urban infrastructure has advanced to the forefront of human geography inquiry in the last two decades. Among other topics, geographers have looked into the privatization and neo‐liberal splintering of urban infrastructures; the failings of infrastructures and the power relations revealed within these failings; the political ecology of infrastructural provisions; the specific infrastructural challenges of cities within the so‐called Global South; and the entanglements of everyday experiences, affects and emotions with infrastructures. Yet, little attention has been drawn to the ways in which infrastructures need to be learned to fulfil their role of smoothly providing people with diverse services. Given the increasing spatial mobility of populations (e.g., as refugees, migrants, expatriates, and tourists), as well as the accelerating pace of infrastructural change (e.g., in the name of Smart City developments) however, it has become more salient than ever to open‐up urban infrastructural research more explicitly towards critical inquiries of learning. Thus, this paper proposes to re‐think urban infrastructures not only as socio‐material configurations, but more specifically as important spaces for learning.
Physiological effects of cutting on Secale cereale L. seedlings under freeze–thaw and alkaline salt stress
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Bao Guozhang , Yan Bairu , Chang Yixin , Tang Wenyi , Qu Yan , Guo Jiancai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSecale cereale L. (rye) as an overwinter forage usually harvested in the autumn, widely grows in the northeastern China, where the temperature varies widely from day to night. In this area, the crop is confronted with not only freeze–thaw stress, but also the soil salinization. In this study, the rye seedlings under alkaline salt (AS) stress were subjected to both cutting treatment (CT) after growing for 7 days and freeze–thaw (FT) stress（10/−5°C) after 6 days regrowth. The changes of soluble protein (SP), malondialdehyde (MDA), relative water content (RWC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in seedlings were studied to analyze the physiological effects of FT and AS stress with CT. The results indicated, under the combined stress, the enzyme activity and RWC decreased and the soluble protein and MDA content increased. Cutting treatment led to the accumulated of MDA, increase of enzyme activity and decrease of RWC in seedlings. The finding from the study indicates that the CT could aggravate the membrane peroxidation under the combined stress of FT and AS and enhance the osmotic adjustment ability of rye and activated the antioxidant enzyme system. The rye having been cut is more sensitive to the compound stress.
Composite effects of temperature increase and snow cover change on litter decomposition and microbial community in cool‐temperate grassland
Authors: Yoshitake Shinpei , Suminokura Nobuhiko , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki , Koizumi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to clarify the individual and interactive effects of temperature increase during snow‐free seasons and snow depth change (increase/decrease) on litter decomposition and microbial community in cool‐temperate semi‐natural grassland. We conducted a 2‐year in situ composite warming experiment comprising temperature increase (ca. 2°C) using infrared heaters during snow‐free seasons and manual snow depth manipulation (±50% in snow depth) in Japanese grassland. Changes in litter mass remaining and litter carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) were assessed by litter bag methods. Microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Litter decomposition constant (k) was low in the plots with temperature increase during snow‐free seasons (0.56) and with less snow cover (0.57), but combining these two treatments resulted in acceleration of decomposition (k = 0.70); probably, decreased decomposition in the cold climate of early spring resulting from advanced snow melting was compensated for by higher temperature. Differences in mass loss among the treatments were well explained by litter C/N, microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The plots with a high mass loss showed lower litter C/N ratio, larger microbial biomass and different microbial community structure comparing to the plots with low mass loss. Our results showed the complex responses of litter decomposition to summer and winter climate change and combination of less snow cover and summer warming seemed to accelerate the decomposition in cool‐temperate semi‐natural grassland.
Measurements of immature platelet fraction and inflammatory markers in atrial fibrillation patients ‐ Does persistency or ablation affect results?
Authors: Perelshtein Brezinov Olga , Sevylia Ziv , Rahkovich Michael , Kakzanov Yana , Yahud Ella , Fortis Lior , Kogan Yonatan , Asher Elad , Lev Eli , Laish‐Farkash Avishag 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with platelet hyperactivity and a higher proportion of immature platelets. We aimed to examine whether immature platelet fraction (IPF) and inflammatory markers differ between AF types and whether they are affected by ablation.MethodsA prospective study included patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AFL). We excluded patients with hematologic, inflammatory, or acute coronary states. Blood samples for IPF, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were collected at baseline, within one‐hour postablation in those undergoing ablations, and the day after ablation. IPF was measured by an autoanalyzer (Sysmex 2100 XE).ResultsOne hundred and four patients were included (paroxysmal AF‐63, persistent AF‐36, AF and AFL‐7, AFL alone‐5), (Mean age 67.7 ± 12.8 years, 54.8% male, CHA2D2‐VASC2 3.2 ± 1.8). Seventy‐two patients underwent ablation (cryoballoon AF ablation‐60, AFL radiofrequency ablation‐5, both‐7). There was no difference between paroxysmal and persistent AF regarding baseline markers. There was a significant change in the following parameters after ablation: WBC (baseline 6.9 ± 2.0, 1‐h post 8.0 ± 2.4, and 1‐day post 9.0 ± 2.8 ×109/L), NLR (2.9 ± 2.2, 3.0 ± 2.4, 4.2 ± 2.9, respectively), and CRP (3.6 ± 3.7, 3.6 ± 3.5, 12.4 ± 9.0 mg/L, respectively) (P < .05 for all). However, there were no differences in immature platelet count (8.6 ± 4.8, 8.5 ± 4.9, 8.4 ± 5.2 ×109/L) or IPF (4.6 ± 3.2, 4.7 ± 3.3, 4.9 ± 3.6%) from baseline to postablation (p = NS).ConclusionsAF persistency does not affect IPF and inflammation. In patients undergoing cryoablation of AF, there is a postablation inflammatory process; however, platelet activation is probably not affected.
No obvious transcriptome‐wide signature of indirect selection in termites
Authors: Harrison Mark C. , Chernyshova Anna M. , Thompson Graham J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolution of sterile helper castes in social insects implies selection on genes that underlie variation in this nonreproductive phenotype. These focal genes confer no direct fitness and are presumed to evolve through indirect fitness effects on the helper's reproducing relatives. This separation of a gene's phenotypic effect on one caste and its fitness effect on another suggests that genes for this and other forms of reproductive altruism are buffered from selection and will thus evolve closer to the neutral rate than genes directly selected for selfish reproduction. We test this hypothesis by comparing the strength of selection at loci associated in their expression with reproductive versus sterile castes in termites. Specifically, we gather caste‐biased gene expression data from four termite transcriptomes and measure the globaldN/dSratio across gene sets and phylogenetic lineages. We find that the majority of examined orthologous gene groups show patterns of nucleotide substitution that are consistent with strong purifying selection and display little evidence for distinct signatures of direct versus indirect selection in reproductive and sterile castes. For one particular species (Reticulitermes flavipes), the strength of purifying selection is relaxed in a reproductive nymph‐biased gene set, which opposes the nearly neutral idea. In other species, the synonymous rate (dS) alone was often found to be the highest in the sterile worker caste, suggesting a more subtle signature of indirect selection or an altogether different relationship between caste‐biased expression and rates of molecular evolution.
Imaging Cerebral Glucose Metabolism during Dual‐Task Walking in Patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Szturm Tony , Beheshti Iman , Mahana Bhuvan , Hobson Douglas E , Goertzen Andrew , Ko Ji Hyun 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEGait impairment is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Natural walking involves more cognitive demand than treadmill walking or in‐laboratory walking tests because patients have to actively work on navigation and top‐down cognitive control which taxes cognitive reserve in the prefrontal cortex. To mimic the prefrontal engagement occurring with natural walking in a controlled and safe environment, dual‐task (DT) treadmill walking has been developed. In this study, we tested the feasibility of imaging DT walking‐related changes in brain glucose metabolism in patients with PD.METHODSFifteen patients with PD were scanned with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography. Five patients performed DT walking, and 10 patients were rested during the FDG uptake period. First, the images were contrasted between the groups. Second, the walking‐related brain glucose metabolism was inspected at the individual level.RESULTSConsistently increased glucose metabolism was identified in DT walking versus rest in the primary visual/sensorimotor areas, thalamus, superior colliculus, and cerebellum. In individual level analysis, patients with less progressed disease (n = 3) showed prefrontal activity during DT walking while patients with more progressed disease (n = 2) did not.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms the feasibility of imaging glucose metabolism during DT walking in patients with PD. We also report that during DT walking, there is a lesser degree of prefrontal engagement in the patients with more progressed disease compared to those with less progressed disease, implying increased degrees of frontal dysfunction with PD progression.
Cultural Factors in HIV Risk Among Gay/Bisexual Men in Hungary: A Rapid Assessment Study
Authors: Feldman Douglas A. , Ketonen Irene 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines the sexual culture of gay men in Budapest, Hungary, based on research in 2011. HIV prevalence in Hungary is relatively low, compared with the United States, Western Europe, and parts of Eastern Europe (where injecting drug use is common, elevating the HIV rate). This preliminary, qualitative study of 21 gay and bisexual men, examines their social and sexual culture (their norms and values) in order to explain their low HIV prevalence rate. This low rate is particularly interesting because Hungarian homophobia and inconsistent condom use among gay and bisexual men are cultural factors that would appear to raise the HIV rate. Cultural and subcultural differences are important in understanding Hungarian gay male behavior, for example, the emphasis on romance and monogamy as an ideal, the importance of one's personal reputation, a perceived lack of a strong gay community, a failure to use condoms when in love, and infrequent HIV testing. The anthropological concept of romantic love plays a decisive role in sexual decision‐making among same‐sex couples. As Nanda indicates, “Romantic love [like marriage] also appears to be universal, but it is not the basis of marriage in most societies…. Romantic love as a basis for marriage has over time, become more widespread across cultures. This phenomenon is integrated in different societies in different ways, depending on local contexts and global connections.” Despite widespread reluctance to use condoms while “in love,” there is also an accurate knowledge of safer sex among gay men in Hungary. One possible solution to this seemingly contradictory situation, not available at the time of the study, is to promote the use of preexposure prophylaxis (or PrEP). PrEP is a daily pill shown to be even more effective than condom use. [sexual culture, HIV prevalence, AIDS risk, Hungary, gay and bisexual men]
Perineural invasion, lactate dehydrogenase, globulin, and serum sodium predicting occult metastasis in oral cancer
Authors: Jin Wanyong , Zhu Mo , Zheng Yang , Wu Yuanyuan , Ding Xu , Wu Heming , Ye Jinhai , Wu Yunong , Zhu Zaiou , Song Xiaomeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the neck occult metastasis in early (T1‐T2 cN0) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsThe nomogram was developed in a training cohort of 336 early OSCC patients and was validated in a validation cohort including 88 patients. Independent predictors were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn univariate logistical regression analysis, gender, perineural invasion (PNI), blood vessel invasion, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, prealbumin, globulin (GLO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum sodium (NA), and serum chloride were significant associated with neck occult metastasis. Multivariate logistical regression analysis identified PNI (p < .001), LDH (p = .003), GLO (p = .019), and NA (p = .020) as independent predictors of neck occult metastasis. Cut‐off values for LDH, GLO, and NA obtained from AUC were 142.5, 26.35, and 139.5, respectively. The nomogram based on PNI and categorical GLO, LDH, and NA exhibited a strong discrimination, with a C‐indexes of 0.748 (95%CI = 0.688 to 0.810) in the training cohort and 0.751 (95%CI = 0.639 to 0.863) in the validation cohort.ConclusionsA nomogram based on PNI, LDH, GLO, and NA for predicting the risk of neck lymph nodes occult metastasis in OSCC could help surgeons with therapy decision‐making.