bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of oral-health-related quality of life and self-esteem on patients with missing maxillary lateral incisor after orthodontic space closure: a single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Vargas Eduardo Otero Amaral , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo , Lacerda-Santos Rogério , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Background
The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the teeth most likely to suffer agenesis, resulting in spacing between the central incisor and the canine.

Objective
To compare maxillary lateral incisor agenesis with space closure treatment versus non-treatment based on measurements of the self-perceived oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem of the participants.

Subjects and methods
A total of 44 people, aged 17–49 years, with missing lateral incisors were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 22 in each)—a treated group in which the space was orthodontically closed (TG) and a control group that remained untreated (CG). Randomization was performed by a researcher who was not involved in the clinical part of the study. The outcomes were assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, which were applied before (phase 1) and after (phase 2) the orthodontic treatment in the TG, and at baseline (phase 1) and 12 months after (phase 2) in the CG. All the data were blindly evaluated, supporting the single-blinded design of the study.

Results
All participants finished the randomized controlled trial, and the demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. In phase 1, the levels of self-esteem and OHRQoL at baseline were similar (P = 0.079, P = 0.693, respectively). In phase 2, the self-esteem scores of the CG decreased and the OHRQoL increased (P = 0.005, P &lt; 0.001, respectively), while self-esteem increased in the TG and the OHRQoL decreased (P &lt; 0.001). The CG had lower scores than the TG for self-esteem, but the opposite was observed for OHRQoL (P &lt; 0.001).

Limitations
Information bias may have occurred. Since the questionnaires could not have been applied at the same time in both groups, the time difference between the two assessments may have led to random and systematic error.

Conclusions
The spacing resulting from missing maxillary lateral incisors had a negative impact on the OHRQoL and self-esteem of the participants, while orthodontically closing those spaces had a positive impact on those aspects.

Clinical trial registration
This study was not registered.

Protocol
The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
Witnessing interparental violence in childhood and symptoms of depression in adulthood: data from the 2017 French Health Barometer
Authors: Roland Noemie , Leon Christophe , du Roscoat Enguerrand , Panjo Henri , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josephe , Ringa Virginie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvery year, it is estimated that 143 000 French children are exposed to interparental violence (IPV). This exposure may have deleterious lifelong impact on mental health.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between exposure to IPV in childhood and, as adults, the presence of depressive symptoms during the past year, suicidal thoughts and lifetime suicide attempt.MethodsOur study is based on data from the 2017 French Health Barometer, a general population cross-sectional phone survey. 25 319 adults living in Metropolitan France responded. Data were weighted to obtain a representative sample of the French population. Associations between childhood exposure to IPV and each of three outcomes in adulthood—symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation in the past year and lifetime suicide attempt—were studied by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratifying by sex and using multivariate models (logistic regression).ResultsAfter adjustment for age, social variables, negative life events in childhood and lifetime history of sexual violence, reporting witnessed IPV is significantly associated with the presence of symptoms of depression during the past 12 months (aORmen = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.49–2.38, and aORwomen = 2.00, 1.72–2.32), suicidal thoughts in the past 12 months (aORmen = 1.97, 1.48–2.64, and aORwomen = 2.35, 1.89–2.93), and at least one lifetime suicide attempt (aORmen =2.39, 1.83–3.11 and aORwomen = 2.66, 2.25–3.16).ConclusionAssociations shown between a history of exposure to IPV and three mental health indicators in adulthood underline the need to study the lifelong impact of IPV.
The Impact of Intestinal Complications on Health Care Costs Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapies
Authors: Rubin David T , Griffith Jenny , Zhang Qisu , Hepp Zsolt , Keshishian Allison 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Although there is evidence that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) utilization earlier in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) course and before the onset of disease-related complications leads to improved patient outcomes, the health care costs and utilization impact have not been well defined. This study assessed differences in health care utilization and costs among patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFs.

Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn disease (CD) between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2014, were identified from a claims database. Patients were required to have ≥1 claim for a 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroid, or immunomodulator after the IBD diagnosis and ≥1 anti-TNF drug claim after the first IBD treatment. Complication and noncomplication cohorts were identified based on disease-related complications and IBD-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits for 6 months before anti-TNF initiation. Generalized linear models were used to compare health care costs and utilization for the 12 months after anti-TNF initiation (follow-up).

Results
The study included 6329 patients with CD and 4451 patients with UC. In patients with CD with complications, &gt;33.7% had intestinal strictures and 6% had enteroenteric fistula before anti-TNF treatment. Patients with CD with complications incurred significantly higher IBD-related and all-cause health care costs during follow-up, and patients with UC experienced the same trends.

Conclusions
These results suggest that anti-TNF treatment after, rather than before, a patient develops complications leads to a higher economic burden. However, these findings could also result from patients with more severe disease having early complications that are more difficult to treat.
Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics analysis of transcatheter aortic root replacement with chimney coronary grafts
Authors: Conti Michele , Romarowski Rodrigo M , Ferrarini Anna , Stochino Matteo , Auricchio Ferdinando , Morganti Simone , Segesser Ludwig Karl von , Ferrari Enrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Transcatheter aortic root repair (TARR) consists of the simultaneous endovascular replacement of the aortic valve, the root and the proximal ascending aorta. The aim of the study is to set-up a computational model of TARR to explore the impact of the endovascular procedure on the coronary circulation supported by chimney grafts.

METHODS
Computed tomography of a patient with dilated ascending aorta was segmented to obtain a 3-dimensional representation of the proximal thoracic aorta, including aortic root and supra-aortic branches. Computed assisted design tools were used to modify the geometry to create the post-procedural TARR configuration featuring the main aortic endograft integrated with 2 chimney grafts for coronary circulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were run in both pre- and post-procedural configurations using a pulsatile inflow and lumped parameter models at the outflows to simulate peripheral aortic and coronary circulation. Differences in coronary flow and pressure along the cardiac cycle were evaluated.

RESULTS
After the virtual implant of the TARR device with coronary grafts, the flow became more organized and less recirculation was seen in the ascending aorta. Coronary perfusion was guaranteed with negligible flow differences between pre- and post-procedural configurations. However, despite being well perfused by chimney grafts, the procedure induces an increase of the pressure drop between the coronary ostia and the ascending aorta of 8 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONS
The proposed numerical simulations, in the specific case under investigation, suggest that the TARR technique maintains coronary perfusion through the chimney grafts. This study calls for experimental validation and further analyses of the impact of TARR on cardiac afterload, decrease of aortic compliance and local pressure drop induced by the coronary chimney grafts.
A Tale of Two Countries: The Effectiveness of List Experiments to Measure Drug Consumption in Opposite Contexts
Authors: García-Sánchez Miguel , Queirolo Rosario 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The utility of list experiments in overcoming social desirability bias in surveys may be conditioned on social contexts. Sensitive issues in some countries may be less delicate in others, as with the case of drug use. We test this argument using a list experiment to measure marijuana use in two countries that differ in terms of social progressiveness: Colombia and Uruguay. Using nationally representative samples, we find no differences between the direct and indirect measures of marijuana use in liberal Uruguay, whereas in Colombia, the list experiment failed to produce an estimate of marijuana use. Therefore, social contexts affect the capacity of list experiments to elicit valid estimates.
Optimizing preventive maintenance over a finite planning horizon in a semi-Markov framework
Authors: Sánchez Herguedas Antonio , Crespo Márquez Adolfo , Rodrigo Muñoz Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the optimization of preventive maintenance (PM) over a finite planning horizon in a semi-Markov framework. In this framework, the asset may be operating, and providing income for the asset owner, or not operating and undergoing PM, or not operating and undergoing corrective maintenance following failure. PM is triggered when the asset has been operating for τ time units. A number m of transitions specifies the finite horizon. This system is described with a set of recurrence relations, and their z-transform is used to determine the value of τ that maximizes the average accumulated reward over the horizon. We study under what conditions a solution can be found, and for those specific cases the solution τ* is calculated. Despite the complexity of the mathematical solution, the result obtained allows the analyst to provide a quick and easy-to-use tool for practical application in many real-world cases. To demonstrate this, the method has been implemented for a case study, and its accuracy and practical implementation were tested using Monte Carlo simulation and direct calculation.
Changing Prevalence of Potential Mediators of Aminoquinoline, Antifolate, and Artemisinin Resistance Across Uganda
Authors: Asua Victor , Conrad Melissa D , Aydemir Ozkan , Duvalsaint Marvin , Legac Jennifer , Duarte Elias , Tumwebaze Patrick , Chin Deborah M , Cooper Roland A , Yeka Adoke , Kamya Moses R , Dorsey Grant , Nsobya Sam L , Bailey Jeffrey , Rosenthal Philip J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Uganda, artemether-lumefantrine is recommended for malaria treatment and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for chemoprevention during pregnancy, but drug resistance may limit efficacies.

Methods
Genetic polymorphisms associated with sensitivities to key drugs were characterized in samples collected from 16 sites across Uganda in 2018 and 2019 by ligase detection reaction fluorescent microsphere, molecular inversion probe, dideoxy sequencing, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results
Considering transporter polymorphisms associated with resistance to aminoquinolines, the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) 76T decreased, but varied markedly between sites (0–46% in 2018; 0–23% in 2019); additional PfCRT polymorphisms and plasmepsin-2/3 amplifications associated elsewhere with resistance to piperaquine were not seen. For P. falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1, in 2019 the 86Y mutation was absent at all sites, the 1246Y mutation had prevalence ≤20% at 14 of 16 sites, and gene amplification was not seen. Considering mutations associated with high-level sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, prevalences of P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase 164L (up to 80%) and dihydropteroate synthase 581G (up to 67%) were high at multiple sites. Considering P. falciparum kelch protein propeller domain mutations associated with artemisinin delayed clearance, prevalence of the 469Y and 675V mutations has increased at multiple sites in northern Uganda (up to 23% and 41%, respectively).

Conclusions
We demonstrate concerning spread of mutations that may limit efficacies of key antimalarial drugs.
Current Capabilities of Gut Microbiome–Based Diagnostics and the Promise of Clinical Application
Authors: Damhorst Gregory L , Adelman Max W , Woodworth Michael H , Kraft Colleen S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the importance of the gut microbiome in human health and disease. Traditional and modern technologies - from cell culture to next generation sequencing - have facilitated these advances in knowledge. Each of the tools employed in measuring the microbiome exhibits unique capabilities that may be leveraged for clinical diagnostics. However, much still needs to be done to standardize the language and metrics by which a microbiome is characterized. Here we review the capabilities of gut microbiome-based diagnostics, review selected examples, and discuss the outlook towards clinical application.
The Cognitive Science of Religion and Islamic Theology: An Analysis Based on the Works of al-Ghazālī
Authors: Nakissa Aria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecialists in Islamic studies have taken virtually no interest in the influential emerging field of cognitive science of religion (CSR). The present article addresses this problem by considering how insights from CSR can be used to reconceptualize classical Islamic theology. The article analyzes a number of theological topics, including predestination and the uncreated Qurʾān. However, it focuses on five key Islamic theological claims, namely (1) God is a single first cause who brings the universe into being; (2) God lacks an anthropomorphic body; (3) it is possible to arrive at some knowledge of God independently of scripture through human nature (fiṭra) and reason; (4) God is a bringer of benefit and harm, thereby rewarding, punishing, testing, and blessing human beings; and (5) prophethood exists and it is proven through miracles. In analyzing the preceding theological issues, the article utilizes the Arabic writings of the renowned medieval theologian Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī.
Using indication embeddings to represent patient health for drug safety studies
Authors: Melamed Rachel D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe electronic health record is a rising resource for quantifying medical practice, discovering the adverse effects of drugs, and studying comparative effectiveness. One of the challenges of applying these methods to health care data is the high dimensionality of the health record. Methods to discover the effects of drugs in health data must account for tens of thousands of potentially relevant confounders. Our goal in this work is to reduce the dimensionality of the health data with the aim of accelerating the application of retrospective cohort studies to this data.Materials and methodsHere, we develop indication embeddings, a way to reduce the dimensionality of health data while capturing information relevant to treatment decisions. We evaluate these embeddings using external data on drug indications. Then, we use the embeddings as a substitute for medical history to match patients and develop evaluation metrics for these matches.ResultsWe demonstrate that these embeddings recover the therapeutic uses of drugs. We use embeddings as an informative representation of relationships between drugs, between health history events and drug prescriptions, and between patients at a particular time in their health history. We show that using embeddings to match cohorts improves the balance of the cohorts, even in terms of poorly measured risk factors like smoking.Discussion and conclusionUnlike other embeddings inspired by word2vec, indication embeddings are specifically designed to capture the medical history leading to the prescription of a new drug. For retrospective cohort studies, our low-dimensional representation helps in finding comparator drugs and constructing comparator cohorts.
Preoperative fall risk assessment score as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy
Authors: Kouzu Keita , Tsujimoto Hironori , Nagata Hiromi , Sugasawa Hidekazu , Ishibashi Yusuke , Hase Kazuo , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Falls are related to frailty, which is known as an unfavorable prognosticator of gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the influence of the fall risk assessment score on short- and long-term prognoses in patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy.

Methods
A total of 430 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in this retrospective study. The fall risk assessment score was scored by nursing staffs on admission. We investigated the relationships between the fall risk assessment score and clinicopathological findings, postoperative outcomes and prognoses. We assigned patients with a fall risk assessment score ≥7 to the high-risk group (92 cases, 21.4%) and those with a fall risk assessment score &lt;6 to the low-risk group (338 cases, 78.6%).

Results
There were no significant differences between the two groups in pathological stage of gastric cancer and postoperative complications, but the high-risk group had significantly longer postoperative hospital stays than the low-risk group (P &lt; 0.001). The overall and the relapse-free survival rates in the high-risk group were significantly lower than those in the low-risk group. The high-risk group was one of the independent poor prognostic factors for overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 2.91 (P ≤ 0.001) in univariate analysis and a hazard ratio of 2.74 (P = 0.008) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
While the fall risk assessment score is an objective and easy-to-use method to assess fall risk and frailty, it may present a prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
Jaguars and pumas exhibit distinct spatiotemporal responses to human disturbances in Colombia’s most imperiled ecoregion
Authors: Figel Joe J , Botero-Cañola Sebastián , Sánchez-Londoño Juan David , Racero-Casarrubia Javier 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coexistence of sympatric felids is facilitated by mutual avoidance and the partitioning of habitats, prey, and time. Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt this coexistence in fragmented landscapes, potentially triggering cascading influences in ecological communities. We used photographic data from 8,717 trap nights (November 2014–June 2016) at 87 camera trap sites in Colombia’s middle Magdalena River basin to compare spatiotemporal overlap among jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), their prey, and humans, at sites of high and low disturbance, as determined by the human influence index. Human disturbance events (e.g., domestic dogs, livestock, and humans, including armed hunters) comprised 38% of all photographs at high disturbance sites and 29% of all photographs at low disturbance sites. Differential spatiotemporal overlaps were recorded between felids and their prey at high versus low disturbance sites, with jaguars exhibiting only 13% temporal overlap with humans at high disturbance sites. Among prey, temporal overlap was greater than spatial overlap for both felids across the study area. Compared to jaguars, pumas displayed more temporal overlap with all anthropogenic variables and more spatial overlap with most anthropogenic variables, suggesting lesser sensitivity to human disturbances. This study provides the first insights into the responses of a threatened large carnivore, jaguar, to camera trap-derived human disturbance variables in an unprotected landscape. It also highlights the importance of using multiple disturbance types for evaluating human impacts on large carnivores.
A unique cricetid experiment in the northern high-Andean Páramos deserves tribal recognition
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F J , Curay Jenny , Brito Jorge , Cañón Carola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While hypsodonty mostly is associated with medium to large body sizes in sigmodontine rodents, high-crowned molars combined with small bodies rarely are recorded. This latter condition is present in Neomicroxus (Sigmodontinae, incertae sedis), a genus of high-Andean cricetids also characterized by a noticeable set of cranial traits, including enlarged turbinals and rostrum, slanting zygomatic plate, and a marked backward displacement of the vertical ramus of the dentary, linked with an enlargement of the basicranial region. These morphological features, combined with the isolated position of this lineage in molecular-based phylogenies, indicate that Neomicroxus should be situated in a new tribe. We name and describe this Páramo novelty monotypic clade here. As a working hypothesis, the hypsodonty displayed by this group is considered an evolutionary response to continued volcanic ash falls that characterized the region during the Neogene. A reappraisal of tribe recognition within the two cricetid largest subfamilies, arvicolines and sigmodontines, is made, coupled with a discussion about the role of morphological convergence in “long-nose” cricetids.
Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Associated to Systemic Inflammatory Response and Pericardial Effusion in the Newborn: A Case Report
Authors: Lima Andressa R O , Cardoso Cynthia C , Bentim Priscilla R B , Voloch Carolina M , Rossi Átila D , da Costa Raissa Mirella M S C , da Paz Juliana Aparecida S , Agostinho Rafael F , Figueiredo Valéria R F S , Júnior Jarba S S , de Almeida Luiz G P , Gerber Alexandra L , Abuassi Clarissa A , Rodrigues Natalia F , Tanuri Amilcar , Bozza Patricia T , Bastos Cesar S , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R , Kruger Stella Beatriz , Vallim Giovanna Geórgia P C A , Nishihara Roberto J , Barroso Shana Priscila C , Morrot Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has already been described, while clinical consequences to the fetus are still under investigation. This article reports a case of systemic fetal inflammatory response and pericardial effusion. As far as is known, this is the first case of fetal/neonatal cardiac complications related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Choosing Wisely: Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Adolescents With Intrathoracic Tuberculosis
Authors: Kakalia Spenta , Chakravarty Aparna , Manson David , Lam Ray , Waters Valerie , Kitai Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In a retrospective study of adolescents with intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), 26 out of the 81 (32%) patients had undergone chest computed tomography (CT). Chest CT was considered unnecessary in 7 (27%), necessary in 7 (27%), and possibly/probably helpful in 12 (46%). Promptly obtaining specimens for sputum smear microscopy, molecular testing, as well as culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis could avoid several unnecessary CTs.