bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competence of local government Building Board in elimination of the consequences of arbitrary construction
Authors: Luce I , Pukite I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In accordance with the provisions of regulatory enactments of the Republic of Latvia, the law obliges the local governments to establish a Building Board within their administrative territory or, in co-operation with other local governments to develop joint Building Boards and ensure the resources required for the operation of a Building Board, thus providing for the legality of construction process in their administrative territory. Building Board is an institution of special status, established at the local government and it is one of the municipal structures that has been delegated to control the legality of the building process in the administrative territory of local government, therefore, the Building Board is an intermediate administration institution that is bound by external regulatory enactments that are binding on derivative public entity, and, therefore the administrative procedure is binding on them as well.The objective of the article is to study the competence of Building Board in the elimination of the consequences of arbitrary building by determining the principal functions of the Building Board, signs of the detection of the arbitrary building and the competence of the personnel of the Building Board and the competences of the Building Board personnel in the review of arbitrary construction cases. The article evaluates the administrative acts of the Building Board that impose the duty of the addressee of the administrative act to eliminate the consequences of arbitrary building.
Evaluation of adhesion between bitumen and aggregate with the digital image processing method
Authors: Riekstins A , Haritonovs V , Balodis A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Although adhesion in asphalt between bitumen and aggregates is one of the essential properties, it is still evaluated visually. European Standard EN 12697-11 provides 3 test methods for the preparation of samples for evaluation - rolling-bottle method, static method and boiling water stripping method. The method used in Latvia is different from EN 12697-11, but with similarities. Bitumen coverage is evaluated visually for all options. The result is the average value of two parallel operators. This principle of evaluation is much criticized as inaccurate and subjective. Today’s technologies are evolving, and in many fields, they are more reliable than a human. This study aims to determine whether a visual assessment method can be replaced by a digital image processing method. To evaluate the accuracy of the image processing method, four different mineral materials - granite, dolomite, quartz diorite, gravel, were selected. Samples obtained during the test procedure were tested visually and using an image processing method. For image evaluation, a mini photo studio was created, where pictures were taken using a professional camera and a budget smartphone. The smartphone was used to determine if it is possible to get high-quality images and results using budget smartphones in our pockets.
Axial strengthening of RC columns by steel encasement with direct fastening connections
Authors: Su R K L , Shan Z W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are crucial structural members that sustain vertical loads. Their strength may deteriorate due to fire, corrosion of the reinforcements or design errors. In response, a new strengthening method that uses a steel encasement to increase the axial capacity and ductility of RC columns is proposed in this paper. This method is quick and convenient because direct fastening is used to assemble the system. Four columns including one control column and three strengthened columns have been tested to examine the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Although direct fastening plays a crucial role in the structural performance of the proposed method, current design guidelines have not incorporated this new connection technique. Hence, extensive connection tests have been conducted to evaluate the key factors (e.g. fastener type, fastener spacing, protuberance, etc.) that affect the strength of the connections. New design equations are subsequently proposed based on the test results for shear connections that use direct fastening.
Comparison of bond efficiency of various coating materials
Authors: Osifala K B , Akeju T A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper reports an experimental research investigation carried out to compare the bond resistance and efficiency of various coating materials, including epoxy, which were sourced locally. Thirty-four full size beams of varying lengths and sectional dimensions, with lap spliced bars in constant moment region were cast and tested in a four-point bending system. Three varying high yield diameter bars 16 mm, 20 mm and 28 mm were coated with various coating materials such as epoxy, chlorinated rubber, tyrolin, vinyl chloride and zinc ethyl silicate in an attempt to find a cheaper but effective coating material than epoxy. The ultimate moment from the tests were used to determine the stress developed in the steel rods. The bond efficiency, i.e. the ratio of test bond stresses and the theoretical bond stresses was used for the comparison of the various coating materials. The bond resistance and efficiency of vinyl chloride coated bars were found to be higher than that of epoxy and other materials, in all the beams tested. Statistically, there appear not to be significant difference between the bond efficiency of epoxy and vinyl chloride.
Research and algorithmization of the process for completing clothes by materials with electric propertie
Authors: Cherunova I , Kutilina G , Milyutin E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide of automation algorithm of the process for completing clothes by materials with electric properties. The problem of electrostatic safety is included into the field of particular relevance. Analysis of the list of quality indexes of the special protective clothing allowed to form for automation of design works a group of protective properties of clothing to be used for positioning of the rational suit designated for the employees in the northern regions. Developed Structure of protective properties of clothing for automation of design works; Required properties of special anti-electrostatic clothing for the protection from reduced temperatures; additional quality parameters of materials and physical and mechanical properties. Designed and applied a support algorithm of the process for completing clothing by materials with electric properties. Installed normalizing parameters of materials for their automated forming into packages of details for protective clothing with up-to-date electric properties. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.
Expertise-based decision makers’ importance weights for solving group decision making problems under fuzzy preference relations
Authors: Herowati E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The quality of a decision is influenced by the level of expertise of the Decision Makers (DMs). In Group Decision Making, alternatives’ scores are obtained by integrating the DMs opinions and the importance weights of the DMs greatly affect the resulted value. Expertise level is defined as the ability to differentiate consistently and expressed as the CWS-Index, a ratio between the Discrimination and Inconsistency. The DMs give their evaluations in pairwise comparison of Fuzzy Preference Relations (FPR) and the additivity property of FPR generates the estimators needed to get the CWS-Indexes and the expertise-based ranking of DMs. The weights of the DMs are obtained by using Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) operator and Basic Unit Monotonic Increasing functions and the resulted weights are used to evaluate the available alternatives to get the best one based on Fuzzy Majority and IOWA operators. This paper proposes an expertise-based weight allocation method for DMs and a numerical example is discussed to illustrate this expertise-based model to get the best alternative and it is concluded that the higher the DMs’ expertise level, the higher his/her weight would be, and these weights affect the alternatives’ score and the rank of the alternatives.
Surface morphology analysis of oxide layers formed on 10CrMo9-10 steel used in the power industry
Authors: Gwoździk Monika , Bramowicz Mirosław , Kulesza Sławomir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The knowledge about high-temperature corrosion of steels operating at elevated temperatures is important due to the durability of power equipment. The paper demonstrated the fractal analysis of oxide layers formed on 10CrMo9-10 steel under the operating temperature of 545 °C for 200 000 h employed in the power industry. The studies were carried out on elements taken from the inner and outer surface of the tube wall on the outlet both on the fire and counter-fire side of the tube wall surface. Thorough examinations of the oxide layer comprised microscopic examinations using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The fractal geometry of oxidized surfaces was characterized by providing the fractal dimension D. Using the methods of numerical analysis of the surface, the texture anisotropy ratio Str was also determined. The corner frequency τ and grain size dg were also determined. The obtained results of performed fractal analysis showed that the studied surface on the tube wall outside was more developed as compared with the inside. In addition it was shown that directly on the flue gas inflow side (the fire side) the oxides/deposits layer was built of densely arranged spherical deposits, which formed an unfavourable barrier between the component (tube) and the atmosphere surrounding it.
The effects of Zn incorporation on electrical, photoluminescence and spectral sensitivity of SILAR deposited CdS thin films
Authors: V K Ashith , K Priya , A V Muhammed Ali , Keshav Rashmitha , Rao Gowrish K , M G Mahesha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The SILAR deposited CdS films were incorporated with various concentrations of zinc using zinc acetate and zinc chloride precursors. The presence of zinc was found to alter the crystal structure and energy bandgap of the films. The bandgap increased by nearly 44% with the increase of zinc concentration in the films. The photoluminescence spectra of the films revealed the presence of several localized defects levels within the forbidden bandgap. The peak spectral response wavelength was found to vary from 500 nm to 400 nm with the increase of zinc. The photocurrent was found to increase with the Cd:Zn ratio. The films with relatively high concentrations of zinc were found to be better suited for the photodetector applications due to their higher photocurrent to dark current ratio.
Study on the continuous phase evolution and physical properties of gas-atomized high-entropy alloy powders
Authors: Liang Jui-Ting , Cheng Kuei-Chung , Chen Shih-Hsun , Chen Jing-Han , Stadler Shane , Li Chia-Lin , Hsueh Chun-Hway 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) powders were fabricated by gas atomization process, and the effects of annealing heat treatment on phase evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. The as-atomized powders have pure BCC phase with a spherical shape and equal composition distribution, and then the FCC and sigma phase sequentially generated after annealing. The mechanical property such as hardness was evidently enhanced, which was caused by precipitation hardening effect. After the raw powders were annealed at 600 °C, the FCC (Al–Ni) phase began to precipitate, the its phase intensity raised with the annealing temperature. Then, the sigma phase (Fe–Cr) formed as the annealing temperature reached 800 °C. Both mechanical properties and lattice constant were influenced by heating effect. According to the results, the lattice became loose with the increasing temperature. In summary, the mechanical properties and phase constitutions of gas-atomized AlCoCrFeNi HEA powders can be adjusted via annealing process, resulting in precipitation hardening effect.
Adsorption characteristics of Cu (II) onto CaCl2 pretreated algerian bentonite
Authors: Ouakouak A , Rihani K , Youcef L , Hamdi N , Guergazi S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Calcium treated bentonite clay (CTBC) was prepared by CaCl2 impregnation of Algerian bentonite clay. The prepared adsorbent was characterized and successfully used to remove Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions at different conditions (pH, stirring time and initial copper concentration). Results showed that the raw bentonite was changed completely into Ca-bentonite, which exhibits a high adsorption capacity (qt = 19.98 mg g−1) at pH = 5.0. It appeared that the sorption mechanisms are simultaneous and strongly depend on pH value. In the pH range from 3–10, the removal of copper occurs mainly by ion exchange, surface metal complexation and precipitation of Cu (OH)2. It was also found that the experimental data of kinetic adsorption are well fitted by the pseudo-first order model. Equilibrium data obeyed the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 55.48 mg g−1. The mean adsorption energy predicted by Dubinin-Radushkevich model (E = 1.55 Kj/mol) shows the physical nature of the adsorption interactions. Results of this study suggest the potential of the prepared CTBC which can be used easily for fast decontamination of wastewater containing toxic metal ions.
Optical spectroscopy studies of atom intermixing in the core versus growth temperature of the claddings in MOCVD-grown quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Kurka M , Badura M , Dyksik M , Ryczko K , Kopaczek J , Misiewicz J , Ściana B , Tłaczała M , Sankowska I , Pierściński K , Motyka M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Here we present optical spectroscopy studies to examine structural and optical properties of active region of quantum cascade lasers grown fully by MOCVD technique. The active part is InGaAs/AlInAs based multilayer structure nominally lattice matched to InP substrate. In this communication we study a set of structures with different growth temperature of the cladding layers and its influence on the properties of active core. The x-ray spectroscopy (XRD) allowed to determine the widths of constituent layers and compare obtained values with nominal ones. Fourier-transformed photoluminescence (FTPL) and photoreflectance (PR) measurements provided high signal to noise spectra, proving good optical and structural properties of investigated samples. A model of atoms interdiffusion processes was presented to explain observed small energy shifts of the transitions energies within the investigated multilayer structures.
The balance between efficiency, stability and environmental impacts in perovskite solar cells: a review
Authors: Urbina Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Photovoltaic technology is progressing very fast, both in a new installed capacity, now reaching a total of more than 400 GW worldwide, and in a big research effort to develop more efficient and sustainable technologies. Organic and hybrid solar cells have been pointed out as a technological breakthrough due to their potential for low economical cost and low environmental impact; but despite impressive laboratory progress, the market is still beyond reach for these technologies, especially for perovskite-based technology. In this review, the historical evolution and relationship of efficiency and stability is addressed, including Life Cycle Assessment studies which provide a quantitative evaluation of environmental impacts in several categories, such as human health or freshwater ecotoxicity, with special focus on lead toxicity. The main conclusion is that there is no unsurmountable barrier for the massive deployment of photovoltaic systems with perovskite solar modules, if the stability is extended to lifetimes similar to technologies already in the market. The results of this review provide some recommendations mainly focused on the best options for improved stability (avoiding mainly moisture and oxygen degradation) by using metal oxides, ternary or quaternary cations, or the novel 2D/3D approach, and the encapsulation effort which should also take into account the recyclability of the materials and the low environmental impact processes for up-scaled industrial production. Research guidelines should take into account the end-of-life of the devices and cleaner routes for production avoiding toxic solvents.
Gender, Social Value Orientation, and Tax Compliance
Authors: D’Attoma John W , Volintiru Clara , Malézieux Antoine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article brings an important empirical contribution to the academic literature by examining whether gender differences in tax compliance are due to higher prosociality among women. We conducted a large cross-national tax compliance experiment carried out in different countries—Italy, UK, USA, Sweden, and Romania. We uncover that women declare a significantly higher percentage of their income than men in all five countries. While some scholars have argued that differences in honesty between men and women are mediated by prosociality, we find that women are not more prosocial than men in all countries and we do not find a mediating effect of prosocial behaviour on tax compliance. Though tax evasion is a form of dishonesty, the tax compliance experiment is quite different from an honesty experiment, which is certainly one explanation for the different results. We conclude that although differences in prosociality between men and women seem to be context-dependent, differences in tax compliance are indeed much more consistent.
Enteroids Derived From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Display Dysregulated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways, Leading to Differential Inflammatory Responses and Dendritic Cell Maturation
Authors: Rees William D , Stahl Martin , Jacobson Kevan , Bressler Brian , Sly Laura M , Vallance Bruce A , Steiner Theodore S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress in intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We hypothesized that ER stress changes innate signalling in human IECs, augmenting toll-like receptor [TLR] responses and inducing pro-inflammatory changes in underlying dendritic cells [DCs].

Methods
Caco-2 cells and primary human colon-derived enteroid monolayers were exposed to ATP [control stressor] or thapsigargin [Tg] [ER stress inducer], and were stimulated with the TLR5 agonist flagellin. Cytokine release was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. ER stress markers CHOP, GRP78 and XBP1s/u were measured via quantitative PCR and Western blot. Monocyte-derived DCs [moDCs] were cultured with the IEC supernatants and their activation state was measured. Responses from enteroids derived from IBD patients and healthy control participants were compared.

Results
ER stress enhanced flagellin-induced IL-8 release from Caco-2 cells and enteroids. Moreover, conditioned media activated DCs to become pro-inflammatory, with increased expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII, IL-6, IL-15 and IL-12p70 and decreased expression of CD103 and IL-10. Flagellin-induced IL-8 production correlated with DC activation, suggesting a common stress pathway. Moreover, there were distinct differences in cytokine expression and basal ER stress between IBD and healthy subject-derived enteroid monolayers, suggesting a dysregulated ER stress pathway in IBD-derived enteroids.

Conclusions
Cellular stress enhances TLR5 responses in IECs, leading to increased DC activation, indicating a previously unknown mechanistic link between epithelial ER stress and immune activation in IBD. Furthermore, dysregulated ER stress may be propagated from the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche in IBD patients.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dyspnoea on clinical outcomes in ticagrelor treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the randomized GLOBAL LEADERS trial
Authors: Tomaniak Mariusz , Chichareon Ply , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kogame Norihiro , Modolo Rodrigo , Chang Chun Chin , Spitzer Ernest , Neumann Franz-Josef , Plante Sylvain , Hernández Antolin Rosana , Jambrik Zoltan , Gelev Valeri , Brunel Philippe , Konteva Mariana , Beygui Farzin , Morelle Jean-Francois , Filipiak Krzysztof J , van Geuns Robert-Jan , Soliman Osama , Tijssen Jan , Rademaker-Havinga Tessa , Storey Robert F , Hamm Christian , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Windecker Stephan , Onuma Yoshinobu , Valgimigli Marco , Serruys Patrick W ,   for the GLOBAL LEADERS Study Investigators
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of ticagrelor monotherapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at baseline and the occurrence of dyspnoea reported as adverse event (AE) that may lead to treatment non-adherence.

Methods and results
This is a non-prespecified, post hoc analysis of the randomized GLOBAL LEADERS trial (n = 15 991), comparing the experimental strategy of 23-month ticagrelor monotherapy following 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after PCI with the reference strategy of 12-month DAPT followed by 12-month aspirin monotherapy. Impact of COPD and dyspnoea AE (as a time-dependent covariate) on clinical outcomes was evaluated up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was a 2-year all-cause mortality or non-fatal, centrally adjudicated, new Q-wave myocardial infarction. The presence of COPD (n = 832) was the strongest clinical predictor of 2-year all-cause mortality after PCI [hazard ratio (HR) 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21–3.66; P adjusted = 0.001] in this cohort (n = 15 991). No differential treatment effects on 2-year clinical outcomes were found in patients with and without COPD (primary endpoint: HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.58–1.35; P = 0.562; P int = 0.952). Overall, at 2 years dyspnoea was reported as an AE in 2101 patients, more frequently among COPD patients, irrespective of treatment allocation (27.2% in experimental arm vs. 14.5% in reference arm, P = 0.001). Its occurrence was not associated with a higher rate of the primary endpoint (P adjusted = 0.640) in the experimental vs. the reference arm.

Conclusion
In this exploratory analysis, COPD negatively impacted long-term prognosis after PCI. Despite higher incidence of dyspnoea in the experimental arm, in particular among COPD patients, the safety of the experimental treatment strategy appeared not to be affected.

Clinical trial registration unique identifier
NCT01813435.