bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Policy Uncertainty and International Trade: A Gravity Model Approach
Authors: MAWUSI Charles 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Considering the increasing exposure of firms to global policy shocks, this paper study the bilateral trade adjustments to the increases in economic policy uncertainty (EPU) of 126 countries over the period 1996-2014. We employ a gravity model and a robust Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator that mitigates the problem of heteroscedasticity and zero trade flows. The results show that large variations in bilateral trade can be explained by the changes in economic policy uncertainty. Whereas heightened EPU from partner countries has a positive spillover effect on imports to the reporting country, we find a negative and statistically significant effect of domestic EPU on exports.
Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over
Authors: Souza Dyego L. B. , Oliveras-Fabregas Albert , Minobes-Molina Eduard , Cancela Marianna de Camargo , Galbany-Estragués Paola , Roig Javier Jerez 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this work was to analyse the prevalence trends of multimorbidity among European community-dwelling adults.Methods: A temporal series study based on waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, and community-dwelling participants aged 50+ (n=274,614) from 15 European countries were selected for the period 2004-2017. Prevalence, adjusted by age, Average Annual Percentage Change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were all calculated. Trend analyses were realised by period, age groups and groups of diseases. Results: The results showed a large variability in the prevalence of multimorbidity in adults aged 50 and over among European countries. Increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity in the countries of central Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany and Switzerland) and Spain in both sexes, and in the Netherlands among men. Stability was observed in northern and eastern European countries. Musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative groups showed more significant changes in the trend analyses. Conclusions: This information can be useful for policy makers when planning health promotion and prevention policies addressing modifiable risk factors in health.
Qualitative study exploring the barriers to menstrual hygiene management faced by adolescents and young people with a disability, and their carers in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal&nbsp;
Authors: Wilbur Jane , Kayastha Shubha , Mahon Thérèse , Torondel Belen , Hameed Shaffa , Sigdel Anita , Gyawali Amrita , Kuper Hannah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a recognised public health, social and educational issue, which must be achieved to allow the realisation of human rights. People with disabilities are likely to experience layers of discrimination when they are menstruating, but little evidence exists. Methods: The study aims to investigate barriers to MHM that people with disabilities and their carers, face in the Kavrepalanchok, Nepal, using qualitative methods. Twenty people with disabilities, aged 15-24, who menstruate and experience ‘a lot of difficulty’ or more across one or more of the Washington Group functional domains were included, as well as 13 carers who provide menstrual support to these individuals. Purposeful sampling was applied to select participants. Different approaches were used to investigating barriers to MHM and triangulate data: in-depth interviews, observation, PhotoVoice and ranking. We analysed data thematically, using Nvivo 11. Results: Barriers to MHM experienced by people with disabilities differ according to the impairment. Inaccessible WASH facilities were a major challenge for people with mobility, self-care and visual impairments. People with intellectual impairments had difficulty accessing MHM information and their carers despaired when they showed their menstrual blood to others, which could result in abuse. No support mechanisms existed for carers for MHM, who overwhelmed and isolated. Menstrual discomfort was a major challenge; these were managed with home remedies, or not at all. Most participants followed menstrual restrictions, which were widespread and expected, for fear of being cursed if they did not. As disability is often viewed as a curse, this demonstrates the layers of discrimination faced. Conclusion: Issues related to MHM for people with disabilities is more complex than for others in the population due to the additional disability discrimination and impairment experienced. Research exploring these issues must be conducted in different settings, and MHM interventions, tailored for impairment type and carers requirements, must be developed. Attention to, and resourcing for disability inclusive MHM must be prioritised to ensure ‘no one is left behind’.
Age determination of oriented rutile inclusions in sapphire and of moonstone from the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar
Authors: Shi Guanghai , Zhang Xiaochong , Wang Yu , Li Qiuli , Wu Fuyuan , He Huaiyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Mogok metamorphic belt (MMB), Myanmar, is one of the most well-known gemological belts on Earth. Previously, 40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar, and U-Pb dating have yielded Jurassic-Miocene magmatic and metamorphic ages of the MMB and adjacent areas; however, no reported age data are closely related to the sapphire and moonstone deposits. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb dating of acicular rutile inclusions in sapphire and furnace step-heating 40Ar/39Ar dating of moonstone (antiperthite) in syenites from the MMB yield ages of 13.43 ± 0.92 and 13.55 ± 0.08 Ma, respectively, indicating both Myanmar sapphire and moonstone formed at the same time, and the ages are the youngest published in the region. The ages provide insight into the complex histories and processes of magmatism and metamorphism of the MMB, the formation of gemstone species in this belt, and the collision between India and Asia. In addition, our high field strength element data for the oriented rutile inclusions suggest an origin by co-precipitation rather than exsolution. In situ age determination of this nature is particularly significant since rutile inclusions in other gemstones, such as rubies, can be used to help constrain the geological history of their host rocks elsewhere.
Phase diagram and thermal expansion of orthopyroxene-, clinopyroxene-, and ilmenite-structured MgGeO3
Authors: Hunt Simon A. , Santangeli James R. , Dobson David P. , Wood Ian G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The MgGeO3 system is a low-pressure analog for the Earth-forming (Mg,Fe)SiO3 system and exhibits recoverable orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite structures below 6 GPa. The pressure-temperature conditions of the clinopyroxene to ilmenite phase transition are reasonably consistent between studies, having a positive Clapeyron slope and occurring between 4 and 7 GPa in the temperature range 900–1600 K. There are, though, significant discrepancies in the Clapeyron slope of the orthopyroxene to clinopyroxene phase transition in existing works that also disagree on the stable phase at ambient conditions. The most significant factor in these differences is the method used; high-pressure experiments and thermophysical property measurements yield apparently contradicting results. Here, we perform both high pressure and temperature experiments as well as thermal expansion measurements to reconcile the measurements. High-pressure and -temperature experiments yield a Clapeyron slope of −1.0−0.7+1.0 MPa/K for the MgGeO3 orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene phase transition, consistent with previous high-pressure and -temperature experiments. The MgGeO3 orthopyroxene-clinopyroxeneilmenite triple point is determined to be at 0.98 GPa and 752 K, with the ilmenite phase stable at ambient conditions. The high-temperature (&gt;600 K) thermal expansion of the clinopyroxene phase is greater than that of the other phases. Debye-Grüneisen relationships fitted to the volume-temperature data give Debye temperatures for the orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite phases of 602(7), 693(10), and 758(13) K and V0 of 897.299(16), 433.192(10), and 289.156(6) Å3, respectively. The Clapeyron slopes calculated directly from the Debye-Grüneisen relationships are consistent with previous thermophysical property measurements. The presence of significant anharmonicity and/or formation of defects in the clinopyroxene phase at high-temperatures, which is not apparent in the other phases, accounts for the previous contradictions between studies. The inferred increased heat capacity of the clinopyroxene corresponds to an increase in entropy and an expanded phase field at high temperatures.
Strain-induced partial serpentinization of germanate olivine with a small amount of water
Authors: Sawa Sando , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Muto Jun , Nagahama Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntigorite, a high-pressure polymorph of serpentine, is considered to be the most abundant hydrous mineral in subduction zones. Although antigorite dehydration is presumed as one of the origins of intermediate-depth earthquakes in the subduction zone, the amount of antigorite is uncertain because the amount of water infiltrated into the oceanic lithosphere is still debated. To investigate whether antigorite can be formed even with limited water availability, we conducted the axial deformation experiments of magnesium germanate at 1.2 GPa and T = 500–800 °C using a Griggs-type deformation apparatus. Magnesium germanate is an analog material of magnesium silicate, and the starting material was dried prior to experimentation. Nevertheless, the samples had initially high porosity, and hence a small amount of water (about 200 ppm wt H2O) was retained in the samples. In the samples deformed at 600 °C, stable slip occurred, and TEM analysis revealed that fine-grained platelets of germanate antigorite existed along the faults. A sharp absorption band assigned to the OH-stretching vibration of antigorite in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis also implies that antigorite was formed in the samples deformed at a temperature lower than 600 °C. Our results indicate that strain-induced hydration of germanate olivine results in antigorite formation even with only a small amount of water present. Thus, partial serpentinization in the oceanic lithosphere can occur under slight water infiltration due to the high strain accumulated by subduction.
Possibilities, Problems, and Perspectives of Data Collection by Mobile Apps in Longitudinal Epidemiological Studies: Scoping Review
Authors: Fischer Florian , Kleen Sina 
Published: December 2020

Background
The broad availability of smartphones and the number of health apps in app stores have risen in recent years. Health apps have benefits for individuals (eg, the ability to monitor one’s health) as well as for researchers (eg, the ability to collect data in population-based, clinical, and observational studies). Although the number of health apps on the global app market is huge and the associated potential seems to be great, app-based questionnaires for collecting patient-related data have not played an important role in epidemiological studies so far.

Objective
This study aims to provide an overview of studies that have collected patient data using an app-based approach, with a particular focus on longitudinal studies. This literature review describes the current extent to which smartphones have been used for collecting (patient) data for research purposes, and the potential benefits and challenges associated with this approach.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of studies that used data collection via apps. PubMed was used to identify studies describing the use of smartphone app questionnaires for collecting data over time. Overall, 17 articles were included in the summary.

Results
Based on the results of this scoping review, there are only a few studies that integrate smartphone apps into data-collection approaches. Studies dealing with the collection of health-related data via smartphone apps have mainly been developed with regard to psychosomatic, neurodegenerative, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as malign neoplasm. Among the identified studies, the duration of data collection ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months, and the participants’ mean ages ranged from 7 to 69 years.
Potential can be seen for real-time information transfer, fast data synchronization (which saves time and increases effectivity), and the possibility of tracking responses longitudinally. Furthermore, smartphone-based data-collection techniques might prevent biases, such as reminder bias or mistakes occurring during manual data transfers. In chronic diseases, real-time communication with physicians and early detection of symptoms enables rapid modifications in disease management.

Conclusions
The results indicate that using mobile technologies can help to overcome challenges linked with data collection in epidemiological research. However, further feasibility studies need to be conducted in the near future to test the applicability and acceptance of these mobile apps for epidemiological research in various subpopulations.
Perspectives From Underserved African Americans and Their Health Care Providers on the Development of a Diabetes Self-Management Smartphone App: Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Barber-Gumbs Tai , Trolle Lagerros Ylva , Sena Laura M , Gittelsohn Joel , Chang Larry W , Zachary Wayne W , Surkan Pamela J 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects approximately 10% of the US population, disproportionately afflicting African Americans. Smartphone apps have emerged as promising tools to improve diabetes self-management, yet little is known about the use of this approach in low-income minority communities.ObjectiveThe goal of the study was to explore which features of an app were prioritized for people with T2DM in a low-income African American community.MethodsBetween February 2016 and May 2018, we conducted formative qualitative research with 78 participants to explore how a smartphone app could be used to improve diabetes self-management. Information was gathered on desired features, and app mock-ups were presented to receive comments and suggestions of improvements from smartphone users with prediabetes and T2DM, their friends and family members, and health care providers; data were collected from six interactive forums, one focus group, and 15 in-depth interviews. We carried out thematic data analysis using an inductive approach.ResultsAll three types of participants reported that difficulty with accessing health care was a main problem and suggested that an app could help address this. Participants also indicated that an app could provide information for diabetes education and self-management. Other suggestions included that the app should allow people with T2DM to log and track diabetes care–related behaviors and receive feedback on their progress in a way that would increase engagement in self-management among persons with T2DM.ConclusionsWe identified educational and tracking smartphone features that can guide development of diabetes self-management apps for a low-income African American population. Considering those features in combination gives rise to opportunities for more advanced support, such as determining self-management recommendations based on data in users’ logs.
Contactos y cambios culturales en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo 
Published: December 2020

En una serie de publicaciones anteriores (38, 39, 40, 42), he presentado un voluminoso material descriptivo sobre diferentes aspectos de las culturas indígenas del Departamento del Magdalena. Dicho material consta principalmente de los resultados de investigaciones arqueológicas, de datos etnográficos sobre las culturas aborígenes en el siglo XVI y los siguientes, y de un estudio sobre los Kogi, la tribu menos aculturada entre los tres grupos étnicos que actualmente habitan las faldas de la Sierra Nevada.
En el presente trabajo me propongo correlacionar algunos de estos aspectos en un continuum histórico-cultural. Trataré en primer lugar de trazar los parentescos entre los antiguos Tairona y los actuales indios de la Sierra Nevada y seguir luégo el desarrollo de su cultura, bajo la influencia de contactos foráneos, desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad. La Cultura Tairona de comienzos del siglo XVI, fue indudablemente una de las más avanzadas de Colombia pero por falta de investigaciones, ha quedado hasta la fecha poco conocida. Los estudios efectuados en los últimos años nos proporcionan sin embargo una serie de datos nuevos que nos permiten seguir su trayectoria más reciente. Aunque estos datos tal vez no son suficientes como para eliminar muchos errores especulativos que un tal estudio implica necesariamente, ellos representan de todas maneras un material cuya validez se puede verificar en futuras investigaciones.
Fertility Lifetables of Glasshouse Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) on French Bean cv. Contender at Different Temperatures
Authors:   Dept. of Biotechnology, Kanoria P.G Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jaipur, Rajasthan (302 004), India, Kapil Jyoti , Tomar Manica ,   Directorate of Extension Education, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan,  Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

Fertility Life tables and characteristics of the Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) were assessed on French bean cv. Contender at different temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. The life table analysis showed that the females lived for a maximum of 58 days at 15 °C. The trend of oviposition showed a peak on 32nd day at 25 °C as the highest number of eggs produced per female per day was 9.98. The true Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) values were 0.123 and 0.121 at 20 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The rate of natural increase (rc) was 0.120 at 20 °C and 25 °C. The highest net reproductive rate (45.86) was obtained at 20 °C. The population doubling time (DT) was maximum (10.42 days) at 15 °C and minimum (5.64 days) at 20 °C. Generation time was 47.17 days at 15 °C which decreased to 24.82 days at 30 °C.
Text Genres in Cardiac Emergency: from activity to typology
Authors: Ciapuscio Guiomar Elena 
Published: December 2020

Different lines and research traditions from contemporary Linguistics share an interest for text genres. The aims of this article are, firstly, briefly presenting some fundamental antecedents on the subject for Linguistics and reviewing the main research perspectives and traditions. Secondly, it intends to introduce conceptual developments elaborated within the German Text Linguistics (TL) framework, which in my opinion offer a global and explanatory vision of text genres. Thirdly, the article illustrates the corresponding theoretical aspects, based on a corpus of verbal interviews from an Argentine public hospital, during the treatment of cardiac emergencies. The analysis performed applies a qualitative methodology, which combines the conversational analysis methods (GÜLICH; SCHÖNDIENST; SURMANN, 2003; GÜLICH, 2007) in the case of oral data, and the methods of genre linguistics for the typologizing of texts (HEINEMANN, 2000; ADAMZIK, 2004; CIAPUSCIO, 2005). The theoretical-descriptive paper describes and addresses two complementary angles of analysis for text genre, developed within the TL framework: both as speakers’ communicative activities and theoretical-analytical instruments for the typologizing of texts.
Metode Komunikatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Maharah Al-Kalam di Kelas Bahasa Center for Languages and Academic Development
Authors: Yunita Yenni , Pebrian Rojja 
Published: December 2020

Maharah al-kalam merupakan kemahiran yang sifatnya produktif, menyampaikan informasi kepada orang lain dalam bentuk bunyi bahasa, untuk mewujudkannya di butuhkan suatu metode yang tepat yaitu metode komunikatif. Di FAI UIR ada lembaga pusat bahasa yang merupakan sarana untuk pengajaran dan pengembangan bahasa asing diantaranya bahasa Arab yang bernama CELAD. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tutor pusat bahasa CELAD yang berjumlah 5 orang dan objeknya adalah Mahasiswa FAI terdiri dari program studi PAI, Ekis, PIAUD dan PBSy yang berjumlah 327orang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab CELAD FAI UIR menggunakan metode komunikatif, yang menekankan aspek keaktifan mahasiswa dalam berbicara, lebih banyak praktis secara lisan dibandingkan tulisan, dan menghafalkan mufradat kemudian mempraktekkannya. Proses Pembelajarannya sangat kreatif, Inovatif dan menyenangkan sehingga mahasiswa bisa lancar dan mahir dalam berbahasa Arab. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu Pimpinan (Kebijakan), Tutor (Metode), Mahasiswa (Motivasi), Modul (Buku Teks).
Health data and global power inequalities: challenging the world data order
Authors: Couldry Nick , Mejías Ulises Ali 
Published: December 2020

Today’s global media infrastructures involve not just media, but the continual extraction and circulation of data across digital platforms, with health data being an important data domain. The extraction and use of health data raises particular human rights issues. This paper reviews, fist, the basic risks to individuals from unconstrained collection, use and transfer of their personal health data; second, the implications of the fast-growing health data sector for social power generally; and third, the wider implications if current trends related to commercial exploitation of personal health data are not interrupted. A new global debate is needed to address these trends and their basis in a highly unequal political economy which benefis the same countries that profied from historical colonialism. We articulate here — in new ways — the challenges addressed by the 1980 MacBride Report, but for a very differently confiured world.
KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI BESI DALAM LARUTAN HCl
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Kayadoe Victor , Rahawarin Prima D 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
There was already an experiment to test the capability of moringa seed extract in inhibiting corrosion of iron using the method of weight reduction. Inhibit power is obtained based on the inhibition efficiency of moringa seed extract concentration variation of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% as well as temperature variations, namely 35, 40, 45, and 50 based on the results of research obtained the data and the rate of corrosion inhibition efficiency the concentration variation in a row l: 82.92%; 86.87%; 91.02%; 93.74% and 0.4342; 0.3032; 0.2235; 0.1710.In the temperature variation data obtained and the rate of corrosion inhibition efficiency in a row