bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased bladder sensation without detrusor overactivity revisited: Use of a five‐grade sensory measure
Authors: Tateno Fuyuki , Sakakibara Ryuji , Aiba Yosuke , Takahashi Osamu , Shimizu Ayami , Oki Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsIncreased bladder sensation (IBS) without detrusor overactivity (DO) is still a matter of debate, regarding its clinical relevance, urodynamic nature, underlying pathology, and management. Among these, we present our data focusing on the urodynamic nature of IBS without DO, by applying our five‐grade sensory measure during urodynamics.MethodsWe enrolled 400 individuals who visited our laboratory for screening of lower urinary tract function, mostly with neurogenic etiologies. They included 74 control, 87 DO (irrespective of IBS), and 239 IBS (defined as first sensation <100 mL) without DO. During slow bladder filling, we instructed individuals to indicate their sensation in five grades: 1, first sensation to 5, strong desire to void. We also instructed individuals to report other sensations such as pain.ResultsThe five‐grade measure could be performed in all participants without difficulty. None of the participants reported pain or any qualitatively different sensations. Although we defined DO irrespective of IBS, the sensation interval 0 (start) to 1 (first sensation) of subjects with IBS but without DO was significantly less than that of subjects with DO (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present study results showed that first sensation of subjects with IBS without DO was significantly less than that of subjects with DO (P < 0.05), while the bladder capacities of the two groups were the same. An extremely low‐volume first sensation may suggest the possibility of IBS without DO.
Nutritional ecology provides insights into competitive interactions between closely related Martes species
Authors: Gazzola Andrea , Balestrieri Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Closely related predator species often share several prey items, making it hard to differentiate the effects on their feeding habits of variation in food availability and of competition. We hypothesised that we could overcome this obstacle by quantifying and comparing nutritional niches.

We reviewed dietary studies that assessed the relative bulk of each food item, as either per cent biomass or per cent mean volume, in the diet of two closely related species, pine marten Martes martes and stone marten Martes foina, and calculated the nutrient profiles (intakes of protein, lipids and carbohydrates) of each diet.

Both martens’ diets were tightly clustered (mean values: 47% of energy from protein, 39% from lipid, and 14% from carbohydrate). In allopatry, the nutritional niches of the two species did not differ, but in sympatry, the stone marten ate more carbohydrates and less protein than the pine marten. In allopatry, the protein intake of the stone marten remained high (45–52%) in very different habitats, from cultivated lowland to Alpine forests.

Our data suggest that stone marten frugivory may, at least partially, be the result of interspecific competition. By analysing dietary data in the framework of nutritional ecology, we could compare the feeding requirements of pine martens and stone martens more effectively than by using classical estimates of trophic niche overlap at the food item level. This approach may help to shed light on the trophic relationships of other competing species.
Changes in women's dietary diversity before and during pregnancy in Southern Benin
Authors: Djossinou Diane R. A. , Savy Mathilde , Fanou‐Fogny Nadia , Landais Edwige , Accrombessi Manfred , Briand Valérie , Yovo Emmanuel , Hounhouigan D. Joseph , Gartner Agnès , Martin‐Prevel Yves 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDietary diversity before and during pregnancy is crucial to ensure optimal foetal health and development. We carried out a cohort study of women of reproductive age living in the Sô‐Ava and Abomey‐Calavi districts (Southern Benin) to investigate women's changes in dietary diversity and identify their determinants both before and during pregnancy. Nonpregnant women were enrolled (n = 1214) and followed up monthly until they became pregnant (n = 316), then every 3 months during pregnancy. One 24‐hr dietary recall was administered before conception and during each trimester of pregnancy. Women's dietary diversity scores (WDDS) were computed, defined as the number of food groups out of a list of 10 consumed by the women during the past 24 hr. The analysis included 234 women who had complete data. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to examine changes in the WDDS over the entire follow‐up, while controlling for the season, subdistrict, socio‐demographic, and economic factors. At preconception, the mean WDDS was low (4.3 ± 1.1 food groups), and the diet was mainly composed of cereals, oils, vegetables, and fish. The mean WDDS did not change during pregnancy and was equally low at all trimesters. Parity and household wealth index were positively associated with the WDDS before and during pregnancy in the multivariate analysis. Additional research is needed to better understand perceptions of food consumption among populations, and more importantly, efforts must be made to encourage women and communities in Benin to improve the diversity of their diets before and during pregnancy.
Unravelling the association between accelerometer‐derived physical activity and adiposity among preschool children: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Wiersma Rikstje , Haverkamp Barbara F. , van Beek Jasper H. , Riemersma André M.J. , Boezen H. Marike , Smidt Nynke , Corpeleijn Eva , Hartman Esther 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEvidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in young children is inconclusive. A systematic review and meta‐analyses were conducted to examine associations between accelerometer‐derived PA and varying adiposity outcomes in preschool children. Searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify studies on the association between total PA, sedentary behaviour or different PA intensities and adiposity in children aged 2 to 7 years. Separate random effects meta‐analyses were performed for varying PA intensities and adiposity outcomes. Fifty‐six articles were included in the review and 48 in the meta‐analyses. There was substantial evidence of an inverse association between moderate‐to‐vigorous‐ or vigorous PA and body fat percentage (stdβ [SE] = −0.162[0.041]; 5 studies), weight status (r = −0.120, P<.001; 11 studies), fat mass (stdβ [SE] = −0.103[0.051]; 5 studies), fat mass index (stdβ [SE] = −0.121[0.036]; 2 studies) and skinfold thickness (stdβ [SE] = −0.145[0.036]; 4 studies). However, total PA, sedentary behaviour, and different PA intensities were not associated with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Adiposity levels were lower among preschool children engaged in more (moderate‐to‐) vigorous PA compared with their peers, but no associations between PA and BMI or waist circumference were found.
The effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El‐Makaky Yasser , Shalaby Hany K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to monitor the clinical outcomes and the metabolic response of periodontal therapy (non‐surgical) in patients with periodontitis (chronic) and uncontrolled diabetes (type 2).MethodsEighty‐eight subjects with periodontitis (chronic) and uncontrolled diabetes (type 2) were enrolled in this controlled trial and allocated randomly to the test group (44 patients were received immediate periodontal therapy) or the control group (44 patients were received delayed periodontal therapy). The metabolic and clinical evaluations were conducted at baseline and 3 months. This included clinical attachment level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), bleeding on probing, visible plaque, and pocket depth. The periodontal therapy in this study consists of one‐stage scaling and root planning, a combination of systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg), and oral hygiene instructions.ResultsRegarding clinical and metabolic parameters at baseline, no statistically significant differences were displayed between the two groups. However, at 3‐month follow‐up period the patients within the test group demonstrated significantly better clinical and metabolic outcomes than patients in the control group.ConclusionThe non‐surgical periodontal treatment using a combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin significantly improved the metabolic outcome in addition to periodontal health in diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.
Breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat—Progress and challenges
Authors: Buerstmayr Maria , Steiner Barbara , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFusarium head blight is among the most extensively studied fungal diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals due to its impact on yield and quality, but particularly due to its potential to produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to humans and animals. Since our last comprehensive review on QTL mapping and marker‐assisted selection for FHB resistance in wheat in 2009, numerous studies have been conducted to identify, validate or fine‐map resistance QTL. The main aim of this review is to update and summarize findings on FHB resistance breeding of wheat published during the last decade. Furthermore, we compiled a user‐friendly table listing FHB resistance QTL data providing a valuable resource for further FHB resistance research. The role of morphological and phenological traits on FHB resistance and possible consequences for resistance breeding are discussed. This review concentrates current knowledge on breeding for FHB resistance and suggests strategies to enhance resistance by deploying molecular breeding methods, including marker‐assisted and genomic selection.
MiR399d and epigenetic modification comodulate anthocyanin accumulation in Malus leaves suffering from phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Peng Zhen , Tian Ji , Luo Rongli , Kang Yanhui , Lu Yanfen , Hu Yujing , Liu Na , Zhang Jie , Cheng Hao , Niu Shuqing , Zhang Jie , Yao Yuncong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInorganic phosphorus (Pi) deficiency induces anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of some plant species; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been well characterized. Here, we showed that microRNA399d (miR399d), high‐affinity Pi transporter McPHT1;4, and McMYB10 are strongly induced in Malus leaves suffering from Pi deficiency. By culturing explants of transiently transformed plants in MS medium under conditions of Pi sufficiency and Pi deficiency, miR399d and McPHT1;4 were shown to play essential roles in the response to Pi deficiency and to play positive roles in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Silencing of McHDA6 expression and treatment with the inhibitor trichostatin A suggested that the low expression of McHDA6 simultaneously reduced the transcription of McMET1 and decreased the methylation level of the McMYB10 promoter; however, the expression of McMYB10 and anthocyanin content were increased. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two‐hybrid assays revealed that McHDA6 binds directly to McMET1 through its BAH2 and DNMT1‐RFD domains. Based on the results of our study, we propose a mechanism for the molecular regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, namely, the miR399d and epigenetic modification comodulation model, to explain the phenomenon in which leaves turn red under conditions of Pi deficiency.
Kindergarten‐age neurocognitive, functional, and quality‐of‐life outcomes after liver transplantation at under 6 years of age
Authors: Joffe Ari R. , Wong Kerry , Bond Gwen Y. , Khodayari Moez Elham , Acton Bryan V. , Dinu Irina A. , Yap Jason Y. K. , Robertson Charlene M. T. ,   for the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Program
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe school‐entry age neurocognitive, functional, and HRQL outcomes and their predictors after liver transplant done at age <6 years.MethodsA prospective cohort of all (n = 69) children surviving liver transplant from 1999 to 2014 were assessed at age 55.4 (SD 7.2) months and 38.6 (12.4) months after transplant. Assessment included: the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence, Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of VMI, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System caregiver‐completed questionnaire, and PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Univariate and multiple linear regression determined predictors of outcomes at P < .05.ResultsNeurocognitive and functional outcomes were on average within 1 SD of population norms, although shifted to the left (P ≤ .03), with more patients than expected having scores >2 (3.7‐5.9 times more, P ≤ .007) SD below population norms. Total and Summary HRQL scores were statistically significantly lower than the healthy normative population (P ≤ .02) and a congenital heart disease group (P ≤ .02), but similar to children with other chronic health conditions; differences often exceeded the MCID and were lowest in the School functioning domain. There were few predictors on multiple linear regressions, and we could not confirm previous studies that suggested various inconsistent predictors of outcomes. Neurocognitive and functional outcomes scores were highly correlated with HRQL scores except for the School functioning domain, but did not fully explain them.ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up of this vulnerable population is important in order to facilitate support for the patient and family, and early intervention for any difficulties identified.
Epiphyte associations and canopy soil volume: nutrient capital and factors influencing soil retention in the canopy
Authors: Victoriano‐Romero E. , García‐Franco J. G. , Mehltreter K. , Valencia‐Díaz S. , Toledo‐Hernández V. H. , Flores‐Palacios A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Canopy soil (CS) volume reflect epiphyte community maturity, but little is known about the factors that retain CS or species succession within it. Humus fern species (e.g. Phlebodium areolatum) appear capable of retaining CS.

In ten Quercus spp. we sampled 987 epiphyte mats to examine the role of the common epiphyte species and crown traits determining CS volume, in order to infer successional stages and identify pioneer and late successional species. Branch traits (height, diameter and slope), CS volume and cover of the epiphyte species were determined for each mat. Nutrient content was determined in CS random samples of 12 epiphyte associations and sizes (one sample from each size quintile).

A total of 60% of the mats lack CS. Cover of P. areolatum was the main variable explaining CS volume, and this species was present in 46.8% of those with CS. Epiphyte composition was highly variable, but pioneer (species appearing in monospecific mats, without CS) and late successional species could be identified. Canopy soil nutrient content was similar among the associations of epiphytes. Magnesium, Ca and pH decreased with CS volume, while P and N increased.

Phlebodium areolatum is associated with high CS volumes and could act as a key species in its retention. Monospecific mats of pioneer species lack CS or have low volumes, while CS is much higher in mats with late successional species, but the mechanisms of CS formation and nutrient retention in response to interactions between epiphyte species remain to be tested.
The politics of regulatory enforcement and compliance: Theorizing and operationalizing political influences
Authors: Short Jodi L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is broad consensus in the literature on regulatory enforcement and compliance that politics matters. However, there is little scholarly convergence on what politics is or rigorous theorization and empirical testing of how politics matters. Many enforcement and compliance studies omit political variables altogether. Among those that address political influences on regulatory outcomes, politics has been defined in myriad ways and, too often, left undefined. Even when political constructs are explicitly operationalized, the mechanisms by which they influence regulatory outcomes are thinly hypothesized or simply ignored. If politics is truly as important to enforcement and compliance outcomes as everyone in the field seems to agree, regulatory scholarship must make a more sustained and systematic effort to understand their relationship, because overlooking this connection risks missing what is actually driving regulatory outcomes. This article examines how the construct of “politics” has been conceptualized in regulatory theory and analyzes how it has been operationalized in empirical studies of regulatory enforcement and compliance outcomes. It brings together scholarship across disciplines that rarely speak but have much to say to one another on this subject in order to constitute a field around the politics of regulation. The goal is to sharpen theoretical and empirical understandings of when and how regulation works by better accounting for the role politics plays in its enforcement.
Parental origin of the allotetraploid tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Schiavinato Matteo , Marcet‐Houben Marina , Dohm Juliane C. , Gabaldón Toni , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: December 2019

SummaryNicotiana section Suaveolentes is an almost all‐Australian clade of allopolyploid tobacco species including the important plant model Nicotiana benthamiana. The homology relationships of this clade and its formation are not completely understood. To address this gap, we assessed phylogenies of all individual genes of N. benthamiana and the well studied N. tabacum (section Nicotiana) and their homologues in six diploid Nicotiana species. We generated sets of 44 424 and 65 457 phylogenetic trees of N. benthamiana and N. tabacum genes, respectively, each collectively called a phylome. Members of Nicotiana sections Noctiflorae and Sylvestres were represented as the species closest to N. benthamiana in most of the gene trees. Analyzing the gene trees of the phylome we: (i) dated the hybridization event giving rise to N. benthamiana to 4–5 MyA, and (ii) separated the subgenomes. We assigned 1.42 Gbp of the genome sequence to section Noctiflorae and 0.97 Gbp to section Sylvestres based on phylome analysis. In contrast, read mapping of the donor species did not succeed in separating the subgenomes of N. benthamiana. We show that the maternal progenitor of N. benthamiana was a member of section Noctiflorae, and confirm a member of section Sylvestres as paternal subgenome donor. We also demonstrate that the advanced stage of long‐term genome diploidization in N. benthamiana is reflected in its subgenome organization. Taken together, our results underscore the usefulness of phylome analysis for subgenome characterization in hybrid species.
Photosynthesis and photosynthetic efficiencies along the terrestrial plant’s phylogeny: lessons for improving crop photosynthesis
Authors: Flexas Jaume , Carriquí Marc 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPhotosynthesis is the basis of all life on Earth. Surprisingly, until very recently, data on photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiencies, and photosynthesis limitations in terrestrial land plants other than spermatophytes were very scarce. Here we provide an updated data compilation showing that maximum photosynthesis rates (expressed either on an area or dry mass basis) progressively scale along the land plant’s phylogeny, from lowest values in bryophytes to largest in angiosperms. Unexpectedly, both photosynthetic water (WUE) and nitrogen (PNUE) use efficiencies also scale positively through the phylogeny, for which it has been commonly reported that these two efficiencies tend to trade‐off between them when comparing different genotypes or a single species subject to different environmental conditions. After providing experimental evidence that these observed trends are mostly due to an increased mesophyll conductance to CO2 – associated with specific anatomical changes – along the phylogeny, we discuss how these findings on a large phylogenetic scale can provide useful information to address potential photosynthetic improvements in crops in the near future.
Functional organization of vestibulospinal inputs on thoracic motoneurons responsible for trunk postural control in Xenopus
Authors: Olechowski‐Bessaguet Anne , Grandemange Raphaël , Cardoit Laura , Courty Elric , Lambert François M. , Le Ray Didier 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Vestibulospinal reflexes participate in postural control. How this is achieved has not been investigated fully.
We combined electrophysiological, neuroanatomical and imaging techniques to decipher the vestibulospinal network controlling the activation of back and limb muscles responsible for postural adjustments.
We describe two distinct pathways activating either thoracic postural motoneurons alone or thoracic and lumbar motoneurons together, with the latter co‐ordinating specifically hindlimb extensors and postural back muscles.
AbstractIn vertebrates, trunk postural stabilization is known to rely mainly on direct vestibulospinal inputs on spinal axial motoneurons. However, a substantial role of central spinal commands ascending from lumbar segments is not excluded during active locomotion. In the adult Xenopus, a lumbar drive dramatically overwhelms the descending inputs onto thoracic postural motoneurons during swimming. Given that vestibulospinal fibres also project onto the lumbar segments that shelter the locomotor generators, we investigated whether such a lumbo‐thoracic pathway may relay vestibular information and consequently, also be involved in the control of posture at rest. We show that thoracic postural motoneurons exhibit particular dendritic spatial organization allowing them to gather information from both sides of the cord. In response to passive head motion, these motoneurons display both early and delayed discharges, with the latter occurring in phase with ipsilateral hindlimb extensor bursts. We demonstrate that both vestibulospinal and lumbar ascending fibres converge onto postural motoneurons, and that thoracic motoneurons monosynaptically respond to the electrical stimulation of either pathway. Finally, we show that vestibulospinal fibres project to and activate lumbar interneurons with thoracic projections. Taken together, our results complete the scheme of the vestibulospinal control of posture by illustrating the existence of a novel, indirect pathway, which implicates lumbar interneurons relaying vestibular inputs to thoracic motoneurons, and participating in global body postural stabilization in the absence of active locomotion.