bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Sustainable Phycoremediation With the Help of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa for Textile Wastewater Analysis Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mishra Shubhangi , Srivast Pradeep Kumar , Singh Virendra , Sharma Monika 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The uncontrolled utilization for the textile products is increasing year by year resulting with the elevating wastewater generated from the textile industries, which makes it among the prevalent sources of critical environmental deteoration issue globally. Products obtained from the dyes used are the primary toxic product for aquatic life, they cause aesthetic pollution, eutrophication, perturbation and increase in BOD and COD in aquatic life. Three types of textile wastewaters (Acid Yellow dye, Acid orange dye and Basic pink dye) has been used for wastewater treatment and microalgal (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) biomass production. Nitrogen content in textile wastewaters is very less, hence urea is used as nitrogen source in wastewater. Optimal growth condition (Urea-0.4g/L, wastewater- 40%(v/v)) is developed through Response surface methodology (RSM). The biomass productivity for chlorella sp. is 1.2-1.5 g/L/day in textile wastewaters. The reduction efficiency of COD, Nitrate-N Ammonia-N, Phosphate-P, and Dye(color) removal for Chlorella is 90-95%, 75-85%, 90-98%, 65-74% and 40-65%.After harvesting the Biomass by flocculation method it can be used for biofuel production by in-situ transesterification.
Mental Health, Potential Minority Stressors And Resilience: Evidence From A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Gay, Bisexual And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Within The Celtic Nations
Authors: McGarty Arlene , McDaid Lisa , Flowers Paul , Riddell Julie , Pachankis John , Frankis Jamie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at a greater risk of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, than heterosexual adults. Numerous factors and stressors have been reported to impact men’s mental health, although it has been suggested that resilience could have a protective effect. The aim of this study is to explore mental health, minority stressors, and resilience among a large online cross-sectional survey of GBMSM in the Celtic nations. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from the Social Media, GBMSM and Sexual and Holistic Health (SMMASH2) self-report online survey. Participants (n=3077) were recruited via gay sociosexual media in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that increased the odds of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression. Potentially relevant variables (p<0.05) were carried forward in hierarchal logistic regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression was 19.9% and 14.4%, respectively. Having a disability (OR = 1.73) and having financial worries sometimes/all of the time (OR = 1.93) increased the odds of having moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety, respectively. No minority stressors were associated with depression, whereas experiencing any form of relationship abuse in the last 12 months significantly increased the odds of anxiety (OR = 1.50). Resilience, namely a sense of coherence, had a protective effect and significantly reduced the odds of moderate-to-severe depression (OR = 0.85) and anxiety (OR = 0.89). Discussion: Disability and financial worries were associated with increased depression and anxiety, respectively, while resilience had a protective effect for GBMSM in the SMMASH2 study. Future research is needed to better understand the role of resilience and the challenges and stresses of everyday life and intersecting health problems. Future research is also needed that incorporates the perspectives of those most affected by mental ill-health to co-develop effective solutions that respond to their contextual surroundings.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Fetal Malformation During Pregnancy: A Case Report of Fetal Autopsy
Authors: Guo Yuping , Ren Jiacai , Yuan Jingping , Lei Di , . Nawsherwan , Yu Ying , Fan Cuifang , Wang Suqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on fetal anomalies. Case presentation: We described a case report of fetal anomalies during second-trimester (25+3 weeks) pregnancy. The fetal autopsy was found with abnormal heart anatomy (including ventricular septal defect, oval hole valve missing, and pericardial effusion), polycystic kidney, and acute chorioamnionitis. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection in second-trimester pregnancy not the direct factor resulted in congenital defects, and multiple risk factors contribute to these changes.
Comparison of changes in 2015 to 2019 for socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization among patients with hypertension in Pearl River Delta Region of China
Authors: Liu Yan , Cheng Mengjiao , Peng Xin , Huang Junxuan , Liu Nan , Ma Jinxiang , Wang Peixi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessing inequities in health services utilization contributes to build effective strategies for promotion of health equity. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization among hypertensive patients and explore the changes between 2015 and 2019 in Pearl River Delta region of China.Methods: The cross-sectional surveys were conducted using the questionnaire. In total, 830 and 1166 hypertensive patients in 2015 and 2019 were interviewed, respectively. The concentration index (CI) and the horizontal inequity (HI) were used to access the socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services use. The contribution of influential factors to the overall unfairness was estimated via the concentration index decomposition. Oaxaca-type decomposition technique was utilized to measure the changes in socioeconomic inequalities between the observation periods.Results: From 2015 to 2019, the CIs for outpatient and inpatient utilization decreased from 0.1498 to 0.1198, 0.1982 to 0.1648, respectively, and the HIs for outpatient and inpatient utilization decreased from 0.1478 to 0.1078, 0.1956 to 0.1390, respectively, i.e. obvious pro-rich inequities in utilization of health services by hypertensive patients existed in Pearl River Delta Region even after controlling different needs, but they decreased over time. The inequities in inpatient utilization were higher compared with that in outpatient utilization. Economic status contributed the maximum ratio of the socioeconomic inequalities in the use of health services in these two years (107.54% in 2015, 106.92% in 2019). Oaxaca decomposition revealed that factors such as residential location, registration, health insurance and time to the nearest health facilities, employment status and educational level, etc. made positive contributions to decline the inequalities. While factors pushed the equalities toward deterioration included health needs, economic status and household size.Conclusion: There were certain decline in the socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization by hypertensive patients in Pearl River Delta Region of China by comparison of 2015 and 2019. Although the pro-rich inequities persists, it does suggest that government policies have improved health equity over time.
Iridoid Glycosides From Morinda Officinalis F. C. How Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Associated Bone Deterioration and Protect Against Methotrexate-induced Toxicity in Collagen-induced Arthritic Rats
Authors: Shen Yi , He Yu-qiong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Jian-hua , Liu Meng-qin , Sun Yi-qi , Sun Peng , Liu Kao-hua , Zhang Quan-long , Qin Lu-ping , Zhang Qiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Morinda officinalis F.C.How (MO), also known as “Ba-Ji-Tian” in Chinese, has long been used to treat osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China, knowing that iridoid glycosides (IG) isolated from this plant possess anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic and analgesic activities. The study was to evaluate the ameliorating effect of MOIG on joint swelling and bone destruction and the protective effect against MTX toxicities.Methods: The anti-arthritic activity of MOIG was investigated by clinical arthritis scoring, paw swelling inspection, as well as histological analysis in CIA rats. The anti-bone loss activity of MOIG was evaluated by bone mineral density (BMD) and bone morphometric analysis assessed by Micro-CT and biochemical parameters in serum related with bone metabolism. The serum metabolomics and NF-κB signaling pathway were used to explore and clarify the action mechanism.Results: The results showed that MOIG was able to alleviate the paw swelling and arthritic severity, and reduce the synovial tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the CIA rats. In addition, MOIG decreased bone loss and improved the micro-structure of the bone trabecular in CIA rats through regulating bone formation and bone resorption. MOIG could also reduce effectively protect against MTX-induced damage to the liver, lung and stomach. The result of metabolomics analysis showed that MOIG was involved in the regulation of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Furthermore, MOIG inhibited OC formation and differentiation through participating in LPS-induced NF-κB signaling. Conclusion: MOIG could attenuate the paw swelling and bone loss through regulation of amino acid metabolism, reduce the side effects caused by MTX, and may serve as a novel therapeutic for the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Anlotinib Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Autophagy and Apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3α Signalling Pathway
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Zhu Ping , Wang Xue , Jin Youping , Zhi Xiuling , Yang Huanjun , Zhou Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Anlotinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has already been indicated to have significant anticancer effects on lung cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer in a phase II clinical trial, but its effect on breast cancer (BC) has not been adequately investigated. Methods: The proliferation activity of BC cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with the treatment of anlotinib was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining. We investigated the alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis and autophagy level and the underlying mechanism in the cell lines by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blots, ICC and TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Further, AT-3 cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice, followed by anlotinib intragastrically. The extracted tumours were assessed by qRT-PCR, Western blots and immunohistochemistry.Results: We found that anlotinib suppressed the cell viability and proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and tumour growth in BC xenografts in mice, likely due to abnormal cell cycle arrest and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Then, we further examined the underlying mechanism of anlotinib, and the results indicated that anlotinib induced apoptosis by promoting autophagy in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating the Akt/GSK-3α pathway. The analysis of data from patients with BC collected in TCGA revealed that increased VEGFA expression was related to BC.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that anlotinib inhibited the growth of BC cells via promoting apoptosis through autophagy mediated by Akt/GSK-3α signalling and may be an effective new drug for BC treatment.
Prediction Scores for Acute Kidney Injury following Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhao Wei , Wang Yuefu , Wang Chunrong , Diao Xiaolin , Wang Weiwei , Gao Yuchen , Wang Sudena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background In the development of scoring systems for acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery, previous investigations have primarily and solely attached importance to preoperative associated risk factors without any consideration for surgery-derived physiopathology. We sought to internally derive and then validate risk score systems using pre- and intraoperative variables to predict the occurrence of any-stage (stage 1-3) and stage-3 AKI within 7 days.Methods Patients undergoing cardiac surgery from Jan 1, 2012, to Jan 1, 2019, were enrolled in our retrospective study. The clinical data were divided into a derivation cohort (n= 43799) and a validation cohort (n= 14600). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the prediction models.Results The overall prevalence of any-stage and stage-3 AKI after cardiac surgery was 34.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Any-stage AKI prediction-model discrimination measured by the area under the curve (AUC) was acceptable (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.69), and the prediction model calibration measured by the Hosmer-Lemshow test was good (P = 0.95). The stage-3 AKI prediction model had an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83, 0.85) and good calibration according to the Hosmer-Lemshow test (P = 0.73).Conclusions Using pre- and intraoperative data, we developed two scoring systems for any-stage AKI and stage-3 AKI in a cardiac surgery population. These scoring systems can potentially be adopted clinically in the field of AKI recognition and therapeutic intervention.
Placental maternal vascular malperfusion affecting late fetuses development and multi-organ infection caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Behling J.A.K. , Zanirati G. , Rodrigues F.V.F. , Grahl M.V.C. , Krimberg F.D. , Pinzetta G. , Borém L.V.B. , Savi D. , Machado D.C. , Costa J.C. Da , Marinowic D.R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Pregnant women are susceptible to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the consequences on the fetus are still uncertain. Here, we present a case of a pregnant woman with subclinical hypothyroidism and PAI-1 4G/5G mutation who was infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: nested PCR were performed to detect the virus, followed by ssDNA sequencing. Results: transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can cause placental inflammation, ischemia and neonatal viremia, with complications such as preterm labor and damage to the placental barrier in patients with PAI-1 4G/5G mutation. Conclusion: we show the possibility of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the last weeks of pregnancy.
Technical and Economic Efficiency of Rice Production in Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Fogera District, Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia.
Authors: Takele Astewel , Tesfaye Ermias , Abelieneh Assefa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Ethiopia, rice is a recently introduced crop which is considered as the “Millennium crop” expected to hugely contribute food security. This paper seeks to measure the technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of rain-fed rice production and identify the factors that affect the efficiency of farmers in Fogera Districts of the Amhara Region. For the study, cross-sectional data were collected from a survey of 230 smallholder rice producers. The study used stochastic frontier production(SFA) and cost function to investigate the variations in the efficiency level of rice producers. The result indicated that the TE was higher as compared with the EE and AE. The average TE ranges between 24% and 93% with a mean of 70%. However, the mean of EE was 24.40 % and the AE 37.30%. Therefore, reduction of cost of production (such as improved input supply systems), warehouse facilities to keep produce and prevent the immediate sale of a product, introducing of a contract marketing system would improve the economic efficiency of the rice farming. Intervention on education and training on female-headed households, reducing family dependency, training of older farmers’ were vital to increase the EE of rice production.Similarly, improving the farmer’s education level to boost knowledge about new rice technology applications, and frequent training of farmers would enhance the TE of farmers in the study area.
Comparative Analysis of Main Clinical Features and Survival in Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with and without Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Strahil Strashilov , Simeonova Joana Ivanova , Konsoulova Assia Andrianova , Vasileva-Slaveva Mariela Borisova , Yordanov Angel Dancev 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy is fundamental in the treatment and prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The aim of this study is to identify differences in baseline clinical characteristics and survival of patients with melanoma with and without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) performed. Methods In 2018, a retrospective study of 151 patients with malignant melanoma (MM) was conducted. The patients were hospitalized at the Second Clinic of University Hospital – Pleven, for the period 2012 to 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A included 58 (38.4%) patients with SLNB performed; Group B included 93 (61.6%) patients who did not undergo SLNB. A double-detection method was used while performing SLNB. Results The incidence of achromatic malignant melanoma is significantly higher in patients without SLNB performed (12 or 12.9%), than in patients with SLNB performed (2 or 3.4%) – χ2 = 3.796, df = 1, p = 0.051. Of all 151 patients in the study, 46 died, representing 30.5 per 100 patients with melanoma. Mortality rate is higher in patients without SLNB (32.3% versus 27.6% in Group A). However, the differences in the two groups are not statistically significant. Conclusions Patients with achromatic melanoma have significantly fewer SLN biopsies performed because of a late diagnosis. Most of our patients are diagnosed at a later stage when lymphatic metastases are already present which leads to a significant increase in lymph node dissections performed. There is no significant difference in mortality and survival in the SLNB and non-SLNB groups.
Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty
Authors: Jeong Eue Jin , Edmondson Dennis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have speculated the possibility, then neutrons must also have a magnetic monopole charge, and the Earth should show signs of having a magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the magnetic monopole's effect near the equator by measuring the Earth's radial magnetic force using two balanced high strength neodymium rods magnets that successfully identified the magnetic monopole charge. From this observation, we conclude that at least the electron neutrino which is a byproduct of weak decay of the neutron must be magnetic monopole. We present mathematical expressions for the vacuum electric field based on the findings and discuss various physical consequences related to the symmetry in Maxwell's equations, the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space, and the logistic distribution of the massive number of magnetic monopoles in the universe. We elaborate on how these seemingly unrelated mysteries in physics are intimately intertwined together around magnetic monopoles.
Wild Animals Used as Food Source in the Region of the Serra do Conduru State Park – PESC, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Joanison Vicente dos Santos , Santos Jade Silva dos , Guanaes Deyna Hulda Arêas , Rocha Wesley Duarte da , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The consumption of wild animals through hunting performs an essential role in human eating habits in different tropical areas. However, the frequent and consistent use of hunting is indicated as one of the main causes of extinction and/or population decline in various species. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the wild animals used as food source in five locations in the region of the Serra do Conduru State Park, Bahia, Brazil.Methods: The field survey was carried out from June 2016 to July 2017 by conducting semi-structured interviews, complemented by informal conversations with 45 hunters (44 men and one women), who provided information on hunted species, the purpose of hunting, capture techniques, and other aspects of hunting. We characterized the composition of the species used for feeding in the five locations through permutation multivariate analyses of variance. Generalized linear models were built to assess whether the socio-demographic variables of the hunters affect the number of captured species.Results: A total of 67 species (34 families and 22 orders) of hunting importance were registered in the region, 41 of which are captured for eating. The taxa most represented were: mammals (32), birds (21), reptiles (13) and amphibia (1). Pecari tajacu, Dasypus novemcinctus, and Cuniculus paca are the most hunted species for food. Hunters who still reside within the conservation unit capture a greater number of wild animals. Older hunters and hunters with a smaller family size hunt more species. The rifle and domestic dogs are the most used techniques in the region.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that illegal hunting is a practice that still occurs in the region of the Serra do Conduru State Park. This reinforces the need for measures aimed at the conservation of hunted species, especially those found to be under some degree of threat in nature. Future research is necessary to estimate the pressure hunting exerts on the region and to assess its impact on local fauna.
Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients with Optimal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Feng Xiaojie , Chen Hongmin , Li Lei , Gao Ling , Bai Xupeng , Wang Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Few studies investigated the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in patients with optimal response to neoadjuvant CT (NACT), and an optimal number of treatment cycles for these patients remains unknown. Methods. A total of 261 Chinese patients with FIGO stage Ib2–IIb cervical cancer who showed an optimal response to NACT were included after radical surgery (RS), and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with different cycles of postoperative adjuvant CT were compared. Results. We found that patients treated with different cycles of postoperative adjuvant CT were significantly better than those without further therapy. The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative adjuvant CT was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. However, there was no significant difference in the DFS and OS between patients who had 3 cycles of adjuvant CT and those with 6 cycles. Further analysis revealed a significant association of 6 cycles of adjuvant CT with increased risk of leukopenia, nausea/vomiting, and rash. Conclusion. These data suggest that additional 3 cycles of adjuvant CT after NACT + RS may improve the clinical outcome of optimal responders in terms of DFS, OS, and drug toxicity.