bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging role of nanosuspensions in drug delivery systems
Authors: Jacob Shery , Nair Anroop B. , Shah Jigar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rapid advancement in drug discovery process is leading to a number of potential new drug candidates having excellent drug efficacy but limited aqueous solubility. By virtue of the submicron particle size and distinct physicochemical properties, nanosuspension has the potential ability to tackle many formulation and drug delivery issues typically associated with poorly water and lipid soluble drugs. Conventional size reduction equipment such as media mill and high-pressure homogenizers and formulation approaches such as precipitation, emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent diffusion and microemulsion techniques can be successfully implemented to prepare and scale-up nanosuspensions. Maintaining the stability in solution as well as in solid state, resuspendability without aggregation are the key factors to be considered for the successful production and scale-up of nanosuspensions. Due to the considerable enhancement of bioavailability, adaptability for surface modification and mucoadhesion for drug targeting have significantly expanded the scope of this novel formulation strategy. The application of nanosuspensions in different drug delivery systems such as oral, ocular, brain, topical, buccal, nasal and transdermal routes are currently undergoing extensive research. Oral drug delivery of nanosuspension with receptor mediated endocytosis has the promising ability to resolve most permeability limited absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism related issues adversely affecting bioavailability. Advancement of enabling technologies such as nanosuspension can solve many formulation challenges currently faced among protein and peptide-based pharmaceuticals.
Successful treatment of extensive spinal epidural abscess with fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous drainage: a case report
Authors: Fujii Masashi , Shirakawa Tsutomu , Shime Nobuaki , Kawabata Yasuyo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical drainage and antimicrobial therapy are the most accepted empirical treatments for spinal epidural abscess. However, surgery may not be indicated when patient’s general health condition is poor. Percutaneous drainage has been reported as a non-surgical treatment for children or patients with no or minor neurological deficits. Here we describe the successful treatment of an extensive spinal epidural abscess with fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous drainage in an elderly man with progressive muscle weakness who could not be operated because of a poor general health condition.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old man presented with fever, back pain, and progressive muscle weakness in bilateral legs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive fluid retention in the spinal epidural space (Th6 to L3). Paraplegia due to an epidural abscess was suspected. We considered an emergency operation; however, the patient’s general condition was poor. Therefore, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous epidural drainage was performed. After drainage, his back pain and muscle weakness gradually resolved. After 3 weeks, MRI showed that the abscesses had completely disappeared.

Discussion
Compared with surgical drainage, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous epidural drainage is a less invasive treatment option for patients with a poor general condition.
Proposal of peritoneal biopsy procedures for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Authors:   on behalf of the Peritoneal Biopsy Study Group of the Japanese Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, Mizumasa Tohru , Honda Kazuho , Aoki Shigehisa , Hamada Chieko , Miyazaki Masanobu , Ito Yasuhiko , Tanno Yudo , Nakano Toshiaki , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProlonged peritoneal dialysis (PD) is responsible for progressive morphological changes such as deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. These changes increase the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). Histological assessments of peritoneal membrane biopsy samples are fundamental for the evaluation of the peritoneal damage caused by PD. For evaluating serial morphological changes induced in the peritoneum by PD, we recommend to perform peritoneal biopsy examinations not only after the cessation of PD but also before performing PD. At the time of PD catheter insertion, the parietal peritoneum (1.5 × 1.5 cm) and rectus abdominal muscle posterior sheath is sampled at a point 3 cm below the PD catheter insertion site. Furthermore, at the time of PD catheter removal, the parietal peritoneum is sampled at a point 3 cm apart from the PD catheter insertion site to avoid artifacts. The peritoneum should be evaluated to detect mesothelial cell denudation, acellular sclerotic changes and thickness of the submesothelial connective tissue, vasculopathy of the post-capillary venules, vascular angiogenesis, and new encapsulating membrane. The method presented herein allows the minimization of surgical invasiveness and artifacts of the specimens and safe performance of peritoneal biopsy examinations. Morphological evaluation of the peritoneum involving an appropriate biopsy strategy, in conjunction with functional markers of deterioration, such as peritoneal permeability or cytokine levels, is a useful approach for examining peritoneal damage and predicting the prognosis of PD patients, especially the onset of EPS.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis—our experience
Authors: Manogna Pamulapati , Dev Bhawna , Joseph Leena Dennis , Ramakrishnan Ramya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory condition of the breast and is most commonly seen in women of childbearing age. The etiology is uncertain, and an autoimmune association has been suggested with the diagnosis usually made by exclusion. The clinical and radiological features often mimic that of breast cancer and hence confirmed early diagnosis is required to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary delay in the treatment.

Results
The most common clinical presentation of granulomatous mastitis is unilateral palpable breast lump with or without associated pain. The typical ultrasound finding is an ill-defined, irregular heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic lesion with multiple tentacles. Histologic features show a well-defined non-necrotizing epitheloid granulomas along with Langhans type giant cells.

Conclusion
Imaging features mimic that of breast cancer, and final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis always requires specific pathologic findings while excluding other causes.
PET/CT implication on bronchogenic carcinoma TNM staging and follow-up using RECIST/PERCIST criteria: a comparative study with CT
Authors: Osman Ahmed M. , Korashi Hazem I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the role of PET/CT on bronchogenic carcinoma staging as well as treatment response evaluation on follow-up compared to CT study alone.

Methods
A prospective study of 60 patients confirmed histopathologically to have non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, 30 of them came for staging (group T) while the rest 30 came for follow-up (group F) to assess therapy response. All patients underwent PET/CT with data analysis done using the eighth edition tumor, nodal, metastatic staging (TNM) staging for group T and RECIST/PERCIST criteria for group F. The CT data alone transferred to a blind radiologist for analysis using the same parameters. The results were collected and compared.

Results
Regarding group T, 12 patients showed different TNM staging between PET/CT and CT alone, 5 cases with different T stagings, 4 cases with different N stagings, and 5 cases with different M stagings. Also, 8 cases showed different surgical stagings. Regarding group F, 9 cases showed a difference between RECIST obtained by CT and PERCIST obtained by PET/CT with most of the cases (6 cases) showed change from partial or stable response to progressive response.

Conclusion
PET/CT has a significant role in TNM staging of bronchogenic carcinoma more at T2 staging due to its ability to differentiate the tumoral mass from the nearby pulmonary reaction. Also, PET/CT makes a difference in tumoral follow-up by its ability to detect the functional changes even before structural changes. Finally, PET/CT is a very important tool in management strategy.
WD40 protein Wuho controls germline homeostasis via TRIM-NHL tumor suppressor Mei-p26 in Drosophila
Authors: Rastegari Elham , Kajal Kreeti , Tan Boon-Shing , Huang Fu , Chen Ruey-Hwa , Hsieh Tao-Shieh , Hsu Hwei-Jan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
WD40 proteins control many cellular processes via protein interactions. Drosophila Wuho (Wh, a WD40 protein) controls fertility, although the involved mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that Wh promotion of Mei-p26 (a human TRIM32 ortholog) function maintains ovarian germ cell homeostasis. Wh and Mei-p26 are epistatically linked, with wh and mei-p26 mutants showing nearly identical phenotypes, including germline stem cell (GSC) loss, stem-cyst formation due to incomplete cytokinesis between GSCs and daughter cells, and overproliferation of GSC progeny. Mechanistically, Wh interacts with Mei-p26 in different cellular contexts to induce cell type-specific effects. In GSCs, Wh and Mei-p26 promote BMP stemness signaling for proper GSC division and maintenance. In GSC progeny, Wh and Mei-p26 silence nanos translation, downregulate a subset of microRNAs involved in germ cell differentiation and suppress ribosomal biogenesis via dMyc to limit germ cell mitosis. We also found that the human ortholog of Wh (WDR4) interacts with TRIM32 in human cells. Our results show that Wh is a regulator of Mei-p26 in Drosophila germ cells and suggest that the WD40-TRIM interaction may also control tissue homeostasis in other stem cell systems.
Feasibility and Effects on Muscle Function of an Exercise Program for Older Adults
Authors: MINETT MAGGIE M. , BINKLEY TERESA L. , HOLM RICHARD P. , RUNGE MARTIN , SPECKER BONNY L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Study objective was to determine feasibility and compliance with a 3-month exercise intervention in older adults, and if peripheral quantitative computed tomography muscle measures and jumping mechanography could detect changes in muscle mass and function.

Methods
A parallel group, nonblinded, pilot trial with individuals 70 yr or older randomized to control group of walking-only (WALK) or an intervention group of walking combined with exercises to improve balance and strength (W + EX). Both groups attended similar weekly nutrition education sessions. Body composition, muscle density, intramuscular adipose tissue area, and muscle function were assessed before and after the intervention using dual-energy x-ray, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, functional tests, and mechanography.

Results
Eighty-five (90%) of 94 individuals enrolled completed (41WALK, 44W + EX). Eighty-six percent of participants attended seven or more nutrition sessions, and log sheets, used to assess exercise compliance, were returned by 66% of participants, and of those, 88% logged activity on 50%+ days. Sixty-seven percent of participants stated that they increased activity levels, and 82% stated that they felt better overall. Both groups increased lean and lost fat mass, resulting in decreases in fat percentage (all, P < 0.05). Intramuscular adipose tissue area decreased and muscle density increased among WALK (P < 0.05 and P = 0.056, respectively) but were not different between groups. Improvement in force efficiency and chair-rise power were greater among W + EX group than WALK (5.9% ± 1.8% vs −1.2% ± 2.0% [P = 0.01] and 0.25 ± 0.19 W·kg−1 and −0.37 ± 0.23 W·kg−1 [P = 0.04], respectively). Differences in mechanography results became greater in a per-protocol analysis.

Conclusions
A larger trial is feasible, and the program was well accepted. Both groups showed improvements, the program that included strength and balance lead to greater jump force efficiency and power than walking only. Whether these differences lead to differences in fall rates need to be determined in a larger trial.
Contemporary Finnish drama in Estonian Theatre in the 21st century
Authors: Epner Luule 
Published: January 2020

After regaining independence in 1991 Estonia, like other Baltic states, went through a transition period which can be described as a return to the West, i.e. Europe. By now, Estonia has joined European community and is successfully integrated with Europe. However, in regard to the country’s cultural and political identity, the process of self-determination continues, particularly on the level of regional identity: whether the newly independent Baltic countries belong to Eastern or Northern Europe? Estonia tends to position itself among Nordic countries, primarily by reason of close historical ties and linguistic kinship with Finland.
In the light of current identity processes the cultural interaction between Estonia and Finland deserves attention. This paper examines only one aspect: the reception of contemporary Finnish dramaturgy in the 21st century Estonian theatre. Finnish dramas had been staged in Estonian theatres since the end of the 19th century. However, it is noticeable that their number has significantly increased since the 2000s, and the repertoire of the major Estonian theatres contains far more new, contemporary Finnish plays than well-known classics. Plays by Leea Klemola, Sirkku Peltola, Juha Jokela, Mika Myllyaho, Pipsa Lonka and others enjoy great popularity among Estonian audiences. How do these plays represent Finnish society? How were they interpreted and received in Estonian theatre? How do stage productions of Finnish plays contribute to the construction of shared Nordic identity? The paper looks for answers to these questions.
BICHAS PRETAS E NEGÕES: SEUS FAZERES CURRICULARES EM ESCOLAS DAS PERIFERIAS
Authors: Caetano Marcio Rodrigo Vale , Teixeira Tarciso Manfrenatti de Souza , Silva Junior Paulo Melgaço da 
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, debateremos os limites e possibilidades das masculinidades negras imersas em normas curriculares cisheteropatriarcaisde duas escolas públicas localizadas nas periferias das cidades de Duque de Caxias e Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Para tanto, asexperiências autoetnográficas de dois docentes serão as bases para narrar as tensões e acordos emergentes a partir dos deslocamentos produzidos a partir das normas escolares, nos denunciando que, obstante ao controle, emergem ricas polissêmicas performatividades que habitam os cotidianos das escolas e disputam seus currículos.
Equinovarus foot in stroke survivors with spasticity: a narrative review of muscle–tendon morphology and force production adaptation
Authors: Freire Bruno , Abou Libak , Dias Caroline Pieta 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims Spastic paresis is the most common motor disorder in stroke survivors and can cause various types of muscle overactivity. This can lead to the development of spastic equinovarus foot, producing an inadequate base of support that limits locomotion and weight transfers. Physical therapists require better knowledge of the effects of spastic equinovarus foot in order to administer effective clinical treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to describe changes in the muscle morphology and force production of stroke survivors with spastic equinovarus foot in relation to gait performance. Methods A narrative review of research into the effects of spastic paresis and equinovarus foot in stroke survivors was undertaken. Results There were a total of 20 identified studies that observed muscle-tendon morphology and force production in stroke survivors. All studies included in the present review reported several changes in muscle and tendon biomechanical properties as results of the spastic muscle overactivity. Conclusions Stroke survivors with spastic equinovarus foot experience muscle and tendon morphology that result in decreased force production, muscle power and gait performance.
Prehospital amputation: a scoping review
Authors: Gander Bradley 
Published: January 2020

Background: Where limbs or extremities become entrapped and it is not possible to extricate a patient in time to prevent death, or because of a deterioration or scene safety emergency, prehospital amputation is an option to enable extrication. Aims: This study aimed to analyse accounts of prehospital amputation and identify factors that may influence practice as well as areas for further research. Methods: A search of multiple databases (AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMCARE, Google Scholar and PubMed) and additional literature for accounts of prehospital amputation was carried out. Results: Thirteen sources of evidence describing 20 cases of prehospital amputation (18) or dismemberment (2) in a variety of settings between 1975 and 2019 were identified. Prehospital amputation was reported following structural collapse (8), industrial accidents (6), road traffic crashes (5) and rail incidents (1). The procedure was undertaken for a range of reasons, including unsuccessful traditional extrication attempts (7), time-critical patient condition (6), a risk of further extrication attempts causing structural destabilisation (5) and dismemberment of deceased victims (2). The equipment used to perform the amputation was not reported in 14 cases. Outcomes were reported in 17 accounts, with all patients surviving to hospital. Conclusion: Prehospital amputation is performed extremely rarely and accounts in the literature are limited. The situations and environments in which prehospital amputation is reported vary and specialist teams are often required. Further review of guidance and studies on techniques may be beneficial.
Evaluation method for the optical feedback factor and linewidth enhancement factor using phase discontinuities in self-mixing interferometry signals
Authors: Ri Chol-Yong , Kim Chol-Su , Ri Guk-Chol , Kang Jong-Chol , Pak Chol-Min , O Jin-Myong 
Published: January 2020

Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is a reliable method that has been applied to measuring displacements, absolute distances, and velocities of remote targets. Evaluating the optical feedback factor

C

and the linewidth enhancement factor

α

is a vital step in calculating laser diode parameters and in processing SMI signals using phase unwrapping. This paper proposes an evaluation method for the optical feedback factor and the linewidth enhancement factor of arbitrary waveforms by investigating the slopes of phase discontinuity distribution in the optical feedback regime of

1

<

C

. First of all, the effects that the slope of phase discontinuity distribution has on the prediction of the optical feedback factor and the linewidth enhancement factor are clarified. Next, an algorithm is proposed to evaluate the optical feedback factor and the linewidth enhancement factor using the slope variation of phase discontinuity distribution, along with a method to select discontinuities in order to improve measurement accuracy using the cumulative effect of discontinuity distribution. The proposed method is verified through simulations as well as experiments with a low-cost semiconductor laser.
Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in an AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide
Authors: Kuyken Bart , Billet Maximilien , Leo Francois , Yvind Kresten , Pu Minhao 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate supercontinuum generation over an octave spaning from 1055 to 2155 nm on the highly nonlinear aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-on-insulator platform. This is enabled by the generation of two dispersive waves in a 3-mm-long dispersion-engineered nano-waveguide. The waveguide is pumped at telecom wavelengths (1555 nm) with 3.6 pJ femtosecond pulses. We experimentally validate the coherence of the generated supercontinuum around the pump wavelength (1450–1750 nm), and our numerical simulation shows a high degree of coherence over the full spectrum.
Recurso educacional aberto: saberes necessários sobre Notificação Compulsória
Authors: Silva Geraedson Aristides da , Teixeira Geraldo Magella , Lucena Kerle Dayana Tavares de 
Published: January 2020

A Notificação Compulsória oferece um meio valioso para monitorar a saúde populacional e indicar prioridades para as políticas de saúde e alocação de recursos financeiros. Deste modo, evidencia-se também a necessidade de estimulação de uma formação adequada seja ainda na graduação ou durante o exercício profissional. Este estudo objetivou apresentar o processo de construção de um Recurso Educacional Aberto sobre Notificação Compulsória, criado em decorrência da falta de conhecimento da maioria dos estudantes e profissionais da saúde e da deficiência no ensino pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior sobre o tema. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, cuja abordagem foi qualitativa, realizado no mês de novembro de 2018, a partir de uma disciplina cursada em uma pós-graduação stricto sensu. Resultados: A construção do recurso ocorreu através de seis etapas distintas apresentadas ao longo deste artigo e cujo produto final foi o e-book acerca da Notificação Compulsória. Conclusão: O processo de construção do recurso educacional aberto apresentado neste artigo, juntamente com as demais informações sobre Notificação Compulsória oferecem suporte para aprendizagem de profissionais e estudantes da saúde, que muitas vezes precisam superar as dificuldades no próprio conhecimento e contribuir com as estratégias de promoção e prevenção da saúde da população brasileira.
A profound view and discourse on the typification and status of three confused taxa: Ruppia maritima, R. spiralis and R. cirrhosa
Authors: den Hartog Cornelis , Triest Ludwig 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTaxonomic difficulties have persisted within the genus Ruppia for a long time. We first unravel misconceptions as perceived on different continents and subsequently present a revised interpretation of the identity and typification of three European taxa at species level: Ruppia maritima L., Ruppia spiralis L. ex Dumortier, and Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande. To do this, historical specimens, illustrations and original descriptions were studied. We supersede a previous choice of the figure of Buccaferrea maritima, foliis minus acutis Micheli (1729) as the lectotype of R. maritima and type species of the genus Ruppia owing to a serious conflict with the protologue. Based on a meticulous interpretation of protologues and figures in a historical context, we reject the recent view of assigning R. cirrhosa and its proposed lectotype (iconotype) as a homotypic synonym of R. maritima. We agree with an earlier lectotypification of R. spiralis, though for another reason than the above-mentioned abused homotypy. Consequently, R. cirrhosa is a synonym of neither R. maritima or R. spiralis, based on material from Petagna in the Herbarium of Naples designated as the holotype of R. cirrhosa. We argue for three species to be considered as fully independent taxa: R. maritima, R. spiralis and R. cirrhosa.