bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new sustained system performance metric for scientific performance evaluation
Authors: Tsuji Miwako , Kramer William T. C. , Weill Jean-Christophe , Nominé Jean-Philippe , Sato Mitsuhisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBecause of the increasing complexities of systems and applications, the performance of many traditional HPC benchmarks, such as HPL or HPCG, no longer correlates strongly with the actual performance of real applications. To address the discrepancy between simple benchmarks and real applications, and to better understand the application performance of systems, some metrics use a set of either real applications or mini applications. In particular, the Sustained System Performance (SSP) metric Kramer et al. (The NERSC sustained system performance (SSP) metric. Tech Rep LBNL-58868, 2005), which indicates the expected throughput of different applications executing with different datasets, is widely used. Whereas such a metric should lead to direct insights on the actual performance of real applications, sometimes more effort is necessary to port and evaluate complex applications. In this study, to obtain the approximate performance of SSP representing real applications, without running real applications, we propose a metric called the Simplified Sustained System Performance (SSSP) metric, which is computed based on several benchmark scores and their respective weighting factors, and we construct a method evaluating the SSSP metric of a system. The weighting factors are obtained by minimizing the gap between the SSP and SSSP scores based on a small set of reference systems. We evaluated the applicability of the SSSP method using eight systems and demonstrated that our proposed SSSP metrics produce appropriate performance projections of the SSP metrics of these systems, even when we adopted a simple method for computing the weighting factors. Additionally, the robustness of our SSSP metric was confirmed via computation of the weighting factors based on a smaller set of reference systems and computation of the SSSP metrics of other systems.
The risk of venous thromboembolism and physical activity level, especially high level: a systematic review
Authors: Danin-Mankowitz H. , Ugarph-Morawski A. , Braunschweig F. , Wändell P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Connection between high level of physical activity (PA) and the onset of VTE is unknown. We searched the literature on the possible association between PA level, especially high levels, and the risk of VTE. A systematic review was carried out to identify relevant articles on the relation between PA level and VTE. The initial search was conducted together with the Karolinska Institutet University Library in February 2018, with follow-up searches after that. In total, 4383 records were found and then screened for exclusion of duplicates and articles outside the area of interest. In total, 16 articles with data on 3 or more levels of PA were included. Of these, 12 were cohort and 4 were case-control studies. Totally 13 studies aimed at investigating VTE cases primarily, while three studies had other primary outcomes. Of the 16 studies, five found a U-shaped association between PA level and VTE risk, although non-significant in three of them. Two articles described an association between a more intense physical activity and a higher risk of VTE, which was significant in one. Nine studies found associations between increasing PA levels and a decreasing VTE risk. Available literature provides diverging results as to the association between high levels of PA and the risk of venous thromboembolism, but with several studies showing an association. Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between high level PA and VTE.
Ozone potential to fight against SAR-COV-2 pandemic: facts and research needs
Authors: Blanco Angeles , Ojembarrena Francisco de Borja , Clavo Bernardino , Negro Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe greatest challenge the world is facing today is to win the battle against COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. Until a vaccine is available, personal protection, social distancing, and disinfection are the main tools against SARS-CoV-2. Although it is quite infectious, the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself is an enveloped virus that is relatively fragile because its protective fatty layer is sensitive to heat, ultraviolet radiation, and certain chemicals. However, heat and liquid treatments can damage some materials, and ultraviolet light is not efficient in shaded areas, so other disinfection alternatives are required to allow safe re-utilization of materials and spaces. As of this writing, evidences are still accumulating for the use of ozone gas as a disinfectant for sanitary materials and ambient disinfection in indoor areas. This paper reviews the most relevant results of virus disinfection by the application of gaseous ozone. The review covers disinfection treatments of both air and surfaces carried out in different volumes, which varies from small boxes and controlled chambers to larger rooms, as a base to develop future ozone protocols against COVID-19. Published papers have been critically analyzed to evaluate trends in the required ozone dosages, as a function of relative humidity (RH), contact time, and viral strains. The data have been classified depending on the disinfection objective and the volume and type of the experimental set-up. Based on these data, conservative dosages and times to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 are estimated. In small chambers, 10–20 mg ozone/m3over 10 to 50 min can be sufficient to significantly reduce the virus load of personal protection equipment. In large rooms, 30 to 50 mg ozone/m3would be required for treatments of 20–30 min. Maximum antiviral activity of ozone is achieved at high humidity, while the same ozone concentrations under low RH could result inefficient. At these ozone levels, safety protocols must be strictly followed. These data can be used for reducing significantly the viral load although for assuring a safe disinfection, the effective dosages under different conditions need to be confirmed with experimental data.
Degradation pathway of triazole fungicides and synchronous removal of transformation products via photo-electrocatalytic oxidation tandem MoS2 adsorption
Authors: Wang Junwen , Chen Xiaoxin , Sun Xiaoli , Liu Miao , Wu Xingqiang , Gong Yichao , Du Jianfang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA simple and effective tandem process of photo-electrocatalytic oxidation (PECO)-MoS2 adsorption was developed for the synchronous removal of triazole fungicides (TFs) and toxicological transformation products (TPs). In order to accurately identify trace TPs and evaluate degradation pathway during water treatment, a sensitive analytical method was developed on the basis of the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) pretreatment tandem LC-MS/MS technique. Firstly, the typical TFs (PRO, TET, and DIN, C0 = 1.0 mg/L) in actual water samples were treated under the optimal process (bias voltage 1.8 V, pH 4, irradiation intensity 50 mW/cm2, 0.05 g MoS2/100 mL, 350 rpm, adsorption of 5 min). The result indicated that the residues of PRO, TET, and DIN in secondary effluent were 0.0973, 0.0617, and 0.0012 mg/L, respectively, with the removal rates of 90.3%, 93.8%, and 99.9%, respectively, undergoing 30-min photo-electrocatalysis and 5-min adsorption. The alkaline medium was favorable for the adsorption of MoS2 to TFs. The assessment results of potential cancer risk indicated that the residues of TFs in secondary effluent were safe for drinking water consumption. Besides, the major TPs were identified via the SBSE-HRLC-MS/MS technique, and one possible transformation pathway of TFs was proposed. TFs mainly underwent dehydrochlorination, cyclization, hydroxylation, etc. to produce a series of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds that possess higher polarity than parents, hinting that TPs might pose potential aquatic toxicity. However, TPs can be removed synchronously by this tandem technique. The current study can provide a theoretical basis for the harmless treatment of TFs in the water environment.
Students’ multimodal knowledge practices in a makerspace learning environment
Authors: Kajamaa Anu , Kumpulainen Kristiina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aim to widen the understanding of how students’ collaborative knowledge practices are mediated multimodally in a school’s makerspace learning environment. Taking a sociocultural stance, we analyzed students’ knowledge practices while carrying out STEAM learning challenges in small groups in the FUSE Studio, an elementary school’s makerspace. Our findings show how discourse, digital and other “hands on” materials, embodied actions, such as gestures and postures, and the physical space with its arrangements mediated the students’ knowledge practices. Our analysis of these mediational means led us to identifying four types of multimodal knowledge practice, namely orienting, interpreting, concretizing, and expanding knowledge, which guided and facilitated the students’ creation of shared epistemic objects, artifacts, and their collective learning. However, due to the multimodal nature of knowledge practices, carrying out learning challenges in a makerspace can be challenging for students. To enhance the educational potential of makerspaces in supporting students’ knowledge creation and learning, further attention needs to be directed to the development of new pedagogical solutions, to better facilitate multimodal knowledge practices and their collective management.
Grasping at digitalisation: turning imagination into fact in the sugarcane farming community
Authors: Fielke Simon J. , Taylor Bruce M. , Jakku Emma , Mooij Martijn , Stitzlein Cara , Fleming Aysha , Thorburn Peter J. , Webster Anthony J. , Davis Aaron , Vilas Maria P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNutrient runoff from catchments that drain into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a significant source of stress for this World Heritage Area. An alliance of collaborative on-ground water quality monitoring (Project 25) and technologically driven digital application development (Digiscape GBR) projects were formulated to provide data that highlighted the contribution of a network of Australian sugar cane farmers, amongst other sources, to nutrient runoff. This environmental data and subsequent information were extended to the farming community through scientist-led feedback sessions and the development of specialised digital technology (1622™WQ) that help build an understanding of the nutrient movements, in this case nitrogen, such that farmers might think about and eventually act to alter their fertilizer application practices. This paper reflects on a socio-environmental sustainability challenge that emerged during this case study, by utilising the nascent concept of digi-grasping. We highlight the importance of the entire agricultural knowledge and advice network being part of an innovation journey to increase the utility of digital agricultural technologies developed to increase overall sustainability. We develop the digi-MAST analytical framework, which explores modes of being and doing in the digital world, ranging from ‘the everyday mystery of the digital world (M)’, through digital ‘awareness (A)’, digitally ‘sparked’ being/s (S), and finally the ability of individuals and/or groups to ‘transform (T)’ utilising digital technologies and human imaginations. Our digi-MAST framework allows us to compare agricultural actors, in this case, to understand present modes of digi-grasping to help determine the resources and actions likely to be required to achieve impact from the development of various forms of digital technological research outputs.
Transdisciplinary sustainability research in real-world labs: success factors and methods for change
Authors: Bergmann Matthias , Schäpke Niko , Marg Oskar , Stelzer Franziska , Lang Daniel J. , Bossert Michael , Gantert Marius , Häußler Elke , Marquardt Editha , Piontek Felix M. , Potthast Thomas , Rhodius Regina , Rudolph Matthias , Ruddat Michael , Seebacher Andreas , Sußmann Nico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe transdisciplinary research mode has gained prominence in the research on and for sustainability transformations. Yet, solution-oriented research addressing complex sustainability problems has become complex itself, with new transdisciplinary research formats being developed and tested for this purpose. Application of new formats offers learning potentials from experience. To this end, we accompanied fourteen research projects conceptualized as real-world labs (RwLs) from 2015 to 2018. RwLs were part of a funding program on ‘Science for Sustainability’ in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. Here, we combine conceptual and empirical work to a structured collection of experiences and provide a comprehensive account of RwLs. First, we outline characteristics of RwLs as transformation oriented, transdisciplinary research approach, using experiments, enabling learning and having a long-term orientation. Second, we outline eleven success factors and concrete design notes we gained through a survey of the 14 RwLs: (1) find the right balance between scientific and societal aims, (2) address the practitioners needs and restrictions, (3) make use of the experimentation concept, (4) actively communicate, (5) develop a ‘collaboration culture’, (6) be attached to concrete sites, (7) create lasting impact and transferability, (8) plan for sufficient time and financial means, (9) adaptability, (10) research-based learning, and (11) recognize dependency on external actors. Characteristics and success factors are combined to illustrate practical challenges in RwLs. Third, we show which methods could be used to cope with challenges in RwLs. We conclude discussing the state of debate on RwLs and outline future avenues of research.
Proteins moonlighting in tumor metabolism and epigenetics
Authors: Lv Lei , Lei Qunying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCancer development is a complicated process controlled by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways and restrained by oxygen and nutrient accessibility in the tumor microenvironment. High plasticity in using diverse nutrients to adapt to metabolic stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. To respond to nutrient stress and to meet the requirements for rapid cell proliferation, cancer cells reprogram metabolic pathways to take up more glucose and coordinate the production of energy and intermediates for biosynthesis. Such actions involve gene expression and activity regulation by the moonlighting function of oncoproteins and metabolic enzymes. The signal — moonlighting protein — metabolism axis facilitates the adaptation of tumor cells under varying environment conditions and can be therapeutically targeted for cancer treatment.
An enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Azadi Kakavand Mohammad Reza , Taciroglu Ertugrul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSome of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes, while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables. Models with a single variable have an inherent difficulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners, and their mutual dependencies. In the current models that adopt two damage variables, the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and vice-versa. This study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive model. The model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile response. The proposed model, dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model (ECDPM), is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage mechanics. Unlike most prior studies on models in the same category, the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined compression. The performance of the model is observed to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.
Expanding on prior conceptualizations of teacher noticing
Authors: van Es Elizabeth A. , Sherin Miriam G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile recent research demonstrates that teacher noticing is a core construct of teaching, it also raises new questions about this construct. Here, we offer an expanded framework that addresses three key questions. Specifically, we suggest that attending involves not only selecting particular features of instruction to observe, but also disregarding aspects of classroom interactions that are less consequential. In addition, we propose that a stance of inquiry about observed phenomena is central to drawing inferences about observed phenomena. Finally, we extend the boundaries of teacher noticing to include shaping, the act of creating interactions that provide increased opportunities to attend to and interpret noteworthy mathematical interactions. In other words, teachers are not simply passive bystanders in the act of noticing, rather they shape interactions to gain access to additional information to allow for further observation and interpretation of student thinking.
High Expression of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Patients with Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kocinaj Altin , Chaudhury Tabassum , Uddin Mohammed S. , Junaid Rashad R. , Ramsden David B. , Hondhamuni Geshanthi , Klamt Fábio , Parsons Linda , Parsons Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe have previously shown that the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is significantly increased in the brains of patients who have died of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we have compared the expression of NNMT in post-mortem medial temporal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum of 10 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 9 non-disease control subjects using a combination of quantitative Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and dual-label confocal microscopy coupled with quantitative analysis of colocalisation. NNMT was detected as a single protein of 29 kDa in both AD and non-disease control brains, which was significantly increased in AD medial temporal lobe compared to non-disease controls (7.5-fold, P < 0.026). There was no significant difference in expression in the cerebellum (P = 0.91). NNMT expression in AD medial temporal lobe and hippocampus was present in cholinergic neurones with no glial localisation. Cell-type expression was identical in both non-disease control and AD tissues. These results are the first to show, in a proof-of-concept study using a small patient cohort, that NNMT protein expression is increased in the AD brain and is present in neurones which degenerate in AD. These results suggest that the elevation of NNMT may be a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Confirmation of this overexpression using a larger AD patient cohort will drive the future development of NNMT-targetting therapeutics which may slow or stop the disease pathogenesis, in contrast to current therapies which solely address AD symptoms.
Do Older Employees Have a Lower Individual Productivity Potential than Younger Employees?
Authors: Børing Pål , Grøgaard Jens B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between employees’ age and their individual productivity potential (IPP). IPP is measured by individual characteristics which are related to skills utilisation at work. Using PIAAC data for 27 European and non-European countries, we find that the oldest employees have a lower IPP score than the middle-aged employees in 17 of the 27 countries. It seems to be most demanding for the oldest workers to keep up with the IPP of younger workers in countries with high average skill loss for the oldest age group or high average skills level for all age groups (or both). The significant positive effects of formal education and the absence of significant effects of skills on the IPP score in many of the countries (the individual level), are easier to adapt to the human capital perspective on the importance of formal education than to the perspective of the signalling theory.
Internet-based tailored virtual human health intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening: design guidelines from two user studies
Authors: Zalake Mohan , Tavassoli Fatemeh , Duke Kyle , George Thomas , Modave Francois , Neil Jordan , Krieger Janice , Lok Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo influence user behaviors, Internet-based virtual humans (VH) have been used to deliver health interventions. When developing Internet-based VH health interventions, the developers have to make several design decisions on VH’s appearance, role, language, or medium. The design decisions can affect the outcomes of the Internet-based VH health intervention. To help make design decisions, the current paper presents design guidelines drawn from two studies. The two studies used Internet-based VH health intervention to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The two studies examined the influence of visual design and the influence of the information medium on user intentions to pursue more health information. In the first study, the qualitative analysis of the focus group (n = 73 users in 13 focus groups) transcripts shows that the VH’s visual realism, the VH’s healthcare role, and the presence of a local healthcare provider’s logo influenced the user perceptions of the intervention. The findings from the focus groups were used to iterate the intervention and derive design guidelines. In the second study (n = 1400), the analysis of online surveys from users after the VH-based intervention showed that to positively influence the user intentions to pursue the health topic further, the results recommend the use of an animated VH to deliver health information compared to other mediums of information delivery, such as text. The analysis also shows that very few user comments were related to the VH’s appearance after visual design iterations in the second study. The design guidelines from the two studies can be used by developers when using VH-based interventions to positively influence users’ intention to change behaviors.