bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of micturition and bladder volumes can replace routine indwelling urinary catheters in children receiving intravenous opioids: a prospective cohort study
Authors: de Jong Anita C. , Maaskant Jolanda M. , Groen Luitzen A. , van Woensel Job B. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this prospective observational study, the incidence, risk factors and the time to event of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids were evaluated. Urinary retention was confirmed by ultrasound following the inability to void for 8 h or earlier in patients experiencing discomfort. In total, 207 opioid episodes were evaluated, of which 199 (96.1%) concerned morphine, in 187 children admitted to the pediatric ward or pediatric intensive care unit. The median age was 7.6 years (IQR 0.9–13.8), and 123 (59.4%) were male. The incidence of urinary retention was 31/207 (15.0%) opioid episodes, in which 14/32 (43.8%) patients received continuous sedation for mechanical ventilation and 17/175 (9.7%) received no sedation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant association with continuous sedation (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.7–17.4, p 0.001) and highest daily fluid intake (OR 0.8 per 10% deviation of normal intake, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, p 0.01). Opioid dosage, age and gender were not significantly associated. Most events (28/31, 90.3%) occurred within 24 h.Conclusion: The incidence of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids is low, indicating that placement of urinary catheters is not routinely necessary in these patients. However, micturition and bladder volumes must be monitored, especially in sedated children and during the first 24 h of opioid administration.

What is Known:• Great variation exists in the routine placement of urinary catheters in children receiving IV opioids.

What is New:•Confirmed by ultrasound, the incidence of urinary retention in children receiving intravenous opioids in this study was 15%, indicating that placement of urinary catheters is not routinely necessary in these patients.•Children receiving continuous sedation for invasive mechanical ventilation showed a sevenfold greater risk of developing urinary retention than non-sedated patients.
A thermo-mechanical material model for rubber curing and tire manufacturing simulation
Authors: Berger Thomas , Kaliske Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, the phase change of unvulcanized to vulcanized rubber is described by a thermo-mechanical material model within the finite element method (FEM) framework. Before the vulcanization process (curing), rubber exhibits an elasto-visco-plastic behaviour with significant irreversible deformations without a distinct yield surface. After exposing rubber to high temperature, the molecular chains build-up crosslinks among each other and its mechanical behaviour changes to stiffer viscoelastic material. The proposed model assumes, that both phases are present during the vulcanization process. The ratio changes from the uncured phase at the beginning to the cured phase according to the current state of cure. A constitutive curing formulation is introduced into the model, to capture the shape change during the vulcanization and to ensure, that the second law of thermodynamics is fulfilled. A multiplicative split of the deformation gradient is assumed to describe incompressible material. Thermal expansion due to the change of temperature is taken into account in the volumetric part, as well as shrinkage during the vulcanization process. In the isochoric part, the phase change from elasto-visco-plastic to viscoelastic material is described by micro-macro transition based on the micro-sphere model. The consistent formulation of the material model and its tangent are important for a successful implementation into a three-dimensional finite strain FEM framework. The capabilities of the model are shown by the simulation of an axisymmetric tire production process starting at the green tire inserted into the heating press up to a post-cure inflation step.
A new heuristic and an exact approach for a production planning problem
Authors: Auer Peter , Dósa György , Dulai Tibor , Fügenschuh Armin , Näser Peggy , Ortner Ronald , Werner-Stark Ágnes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe deal with a very complex and hard scheduling problem. Two types of products are processed by a heterogeneous resource set, where resources have different operating capabilities and setup times are considered. The processing of the products follows different workflows, allowing also assembly lines. The complexity of the problem arises from having a huge number of products from both types. The goal is to process all products in minimum time, i.e., the makespan is to be minimized. We consider a special case, where there are two job types on four different tasks, and four types of machines. Some of the machines are multi-purpose and some operations can be processed by different machine types. The processing time of an operation may depend also on the machine that processes it. The problem is very difficult to solve even in this special setting. Because of the complexity of the problem an exact solver would require too much running time. We propose a compound method where a heuristic is combined with an exact solver. Our proposed heuristic is composed of several phases applying different smart strategies. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the exact approach, we exploit the makespan determined by the heuristic as an upper bound for the time horizon, which has a direct influence on the instance size used in the exact approach. We demonstrate the efficiency of our combined method on multiple problem classes. With the help of the heuristic the exact solver is able to obtain an optimal solution in a much shorter amount of time.
Substitute services: a barrier to controlling long-term care expenditures
Authors: Kattenberg Mark , Bakx Pieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn many developed countries, long-term care expenditures are a major source of concern, which has urged policy makers to reduce costs. However, long-term care financing is highly fragmented in most countries and hence reducing total costs might be complicated by spillover effects: spending reductions on one type of care may be offset elsewhere in the system if consumers shop around for substitutes. These spillovers may be substantial, as we show using a reform in the budget for municipalities for the most common type of publicly financed home care in the Netherlands, domestic help. This reform generated an exogenous change in the grant for domestic help that does not depend on changes in its demand. We show that the change in budget affected consumption of this care type, but that this effect was mitigated by offsetting changes in the consumption of three other types of home care that are financed through another public scheme and are organized through regional single payers. We find that a 10 euro increase in the grant for domestic help increased use of domestic help and nursing by 0.13 and 0.03 h per capita (4.4 and 5.2% of use in 2007), whereas it decreases use of individual assistance and personal care by 0.03 and 0.05 h per capita (4.1 and 2.9% of use in 2010 and 2007, respectively). As a result, the total spending effect is closer to zero than the effect on domestic help suggests. This finding means that the fragmentation of long-term care financing limits the ability to control expenditure growth.
The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Vokó Zoltán , Pitter János György 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFollowing the introduction of unprecedented “stay-at-home” national policies, the COVID-19 pandemic recently started declining in Europe. Our research aims were to characterize the changepoint in the flow of the COVID-19 epidemic in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of social distancing with the observed decline in the national epidemics. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted in 28 European countries. Social distance index was calculated based on Google Community Mobility Reports. Changepoints were estimated by threshold regression, national findings were analyzed by Poisson regression, and the effect of social distancing in mixed effects Poisson regression model. Our findings identified the most probable changepoints in 28 European countries. Before changepoint, incidence of new COVID-19 cases grew by 24% per day on average. From the changepoint, this growth rate was reduced to 0.9%, 0.3% increase, and to 0.7% and 1.7% decrease by increasing social distancing quartiles. The beneficial effect of higher social distance quartiles (i.e., turning the increase into decline) was statistically significant for the fourth quartile. Notably, many countries in lower quartiles also achieved a flat epidemic curve. In these countries, other plausible COVID-19 containment measures could contribute to controlling the first wave of the disease. The association of social distance quartiles with viral spread could also be hindered by local bottlenecks in infection control. Our results allow for moderate optimism related to the gradual lifting of social distance measures in the general population, and call for specific attention to the protection of focal micro-societies enriching high-risk elderly subjects, including nursing homes and chronic care facilities.
Reflection on exam grades to improve calibration of secondary school students: a longitudinal study
Authors: Nederhand Marloes L. , Tabbers Huib K. , Jongerling Joran , Rikers Remy M. J. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrades provide students with information about their level of performance. However, grades may also make students more aware of how well they have estimated their performance, their so-called calibration accuracy. This longitudinal quasi-experimental study, set in secondary education, examined how to increase students’ awareness of the accuracy of their grade estimates in order to improve their calibration accuracy. During an entire school year, students from year 1, 2, and 3 provided grade estimates after each of their French exams. Subsequently, when students received their grades, the level of reflection support on their earlier estimates was manipulated. The first group of students just received their grade, the second group had to calculate the difference between their estimate and the actual grade, and the third group also had to reflect on reasons for a possible mismatch. We expected that more reflection support would lead to more improvement in calibration accuracy. Results showed that providing grade estimates already improved calibration accuracy over the school year, regardless of level of reflection support. This finding shows that asking for grade estimates is an easy-to-implement way to improve calibration accuracy of students in secondary education.
Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling
Authors: Ahorsu Daniel Kwasi , Imani Vida , Lin Chung-Ying , Timpka Toomas , Broström Anders , Updegraff John A. , Årestedt Kristofer , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present cross-sectional study examined the actor-partner interdependence effect of fear of COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women and their husbands and its association with their mental health and preventive behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A total of 290 pregnant women and their husbands (N = 580) were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in the Iranian Integrated Health System and were invited to respond to psychometric scales assessing fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. The findings demonstrated significant dyadic relationships between husbands and their pregnant wives' fear of COVID-19, mental health, and preventive behaviours. Pregnant wives’ actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours but not anxiety. Moreover, a husband actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant partner effects observed for both the pregnant wives and their husbands concerning all outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design and so is unable to determine the mechanism or causal ordering of the effects. Also, the data are mainly based on self-reported measures which have some limitations due to its potential for social desirability and recall biases. Based on the findings, couples may benefit from psychoeducation that focuses on the effect of mental health problems on pregnant women and the foetus.
Incidence of the diagnosis of factitious disorders – Nationwide comparison study between Germany and Norway
Authors: Geile Julian , Aasly Jan , Madea Burkhard , Schrader Harald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFactitious disorders (FD) like Munchausen syndrome are well known to most physicians, yet the corresponding ICD-10 diagnosis F68.1 remains severely under-assigned and often misdiagnosed. To approach this problem, we conducted a nationwide inquiry for Germany and Norway as well as a comparison between these two countries regarding the incidence of diagnosis of FD. The assignment rates of F68.1 in somatic hospitals from 2008 to 2016 were analyzed based on the Diagnosis Related Groups statistic from the German Federal Statistical Office and the data provided from the Norwegian Patient Registry. The Norwegian data also included information on individual patients whereas the German data only contained the total number of F68.1 assignment due to strict medical confidentiality laws. The incidence of the diagnosis of FD in Germany and Norway showed similar assignment rates with 3.71 and 3.18 per 100,000, respectively. The mean age was 39.4 years for German patients and 35.6 years for Norwegian patients. The gender distribution was almost equal for the individual patients’ rate (49% female and 51% male). Furthermore, our results indicate that female patients with FD tend to demand healthcare services more frequently than male patients. Smaller studies focusing on the diagnosis of FD have significantly higher assignment rates compared to nationwide inquiries. Our results illustrate substantial differences between estimations of the incidence of FD and the need for further studies. Besides the many obstacles associated with diagnosis of FD, strict medical confidentiality laws prevent reliable and scientific investigations of this matter.
On the boomerang uniformity of some permutation polynomials
Authors: Calderini Marco , Villa Irene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe boomerang attack, introduced by Wagner in 1999, is a cryptanalysis technique against block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. In particular it takes into consideration two differentials, one for the upper part of the cipher and one for the lower part, and it exploits the dependency of these two differentials. At Eurocrypt’18, Cid et al. introduced a new tool, called the Boomerang Connectivity Table (BCT), that permits to simplify this analysis. Next, Boura and Canteaut introduced an important parameter for cryptographic S-boxes called boomerang uniformity, that is the maximum value in the BCT. Very recently, the boomerang uniformity of some classes of permutations (in particular quadratic functions) have been studied by Li, Qu, Sun and Li, and by Mesnager, Tang and Xiong. In this paper we further study the boomerang uniformity of some non-quadratic differentially 4-uniform functions. In particular, we consider the case of the Bracken-Leander cubic function and three classes of 4-uniform functions constructed by Li, Wang and Yu, obtained from modifying the inverse functions.
Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Decker Sebastian , Wanninger Andreas , Schwaha Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe epiphytic community on the endemic seagrassPosidonia oceanicafrom the Mediterranean Sea is well studied, but still harbors some little investigated epiphytic bryozoans. Numerous, yet always small colonies ofPherusellasp. were recently encountered in the Northern Adriatic Sea. The aim of this study was to generate data on the life history, colonial development, and reproduction of the Mediterranean population of thisPherusellaspecies in order to gain a better understanding of the biology of this understudied species. The morphology of adult zooids was also studied due to the lack of recent data on the family with state-of-the-art techniques. Long-term observation shows that this species is highly adapted to an epiphytic life cycle with short generation time throughout the year. First laboratory cultures appear promising in establishing a reliable model system for developmental and ecological studies. Larvae are easily obtainable, and metamorphosis and colonial growth patterns are documented here for the first time. The morphology of adults shows distinct similarities with other pheruselllids and, along with the neuromuscular system, is similar to other alcyonidioideans supporting the close relationship of these taxa. This study constitutes one of the first long-time observations of the life cycle and colonial growth of a pherusellid bryozoan, including morphological data about the neuromuscular system of an otherwise incompletely known group of bryozoans.Pherusellasp. appears to be a promising candidate for future studies since it is easy to collect and maintain under laboratory conditions as well as to obtain different developmental stages.
Use of water treatment residuals for colour removal from real textile dye wastewater
Authors: Gadekar Mahesh R. , Ahammed M. Mansoor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of readily available water treatment residuals (WTR) as a low-cost material for removal of colour from real textile wastewater was investigated. WTR was used in three forms, namely in raw wet form as a coagulant, in the dried form as an adsorbent and as a filtration media in column tests. The results showed a maximum colour removal of 55 and 36% by coagulation and adsorption, respectively, and the corresponding COD removals were 35 and 37%. Coagulation and batch sorption tests showed the effect of initial pH on the colour removal, and maximum colour removal was obtained at an initial pH of 3.0. Long-duration continuous-flow column test using WTR as a filtration/sorption media showed that a maximum colour removal of 60% can be achieved. In column studies, complete exhaustion of the media occurred at 180 and 120 bed volumes, respectively, for initial pHs of 3.0 and 6.2. The study thus shows the potential of WTR for primary treatment of real textile dye wastewater.
Water-reduction potential of air-cooled condensers in coal power plants in India and anticipated trade-offs
Authors: Nazar Roshna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWet cooling towers (WCT) are widely used to reject the unutilized heat in coal thermal power plants (TPPs). But this comes at the cost of excessive water consumption. Adoption of air-cooled condensers (ACC), also known as dry cooling systems, in all proposed Indian TPPs would reduce their water consumption by 26% in 2030. However, power producers are reluctant to install ACC due to technical and economic disadvantages such as high capital investment and land footprint. This study evaluates the major challenges in implementing ACC by quantifying them in terms of cost of electricity generation. Critical parameters of WCT and ACC, such as water and auxiliary consumption, are also estimated at varying ambient air conditions. The study shows that cost of electricity generation in TPPs with ACC would increase by 0.26–0.30 INR/kWh (0.37–0.42 US cents/kWh) compared to those TPPs with WCT. Despite this, installation of ACC would still be economically viable for those TPPs that are susceptible to at least 1 month of shutdown annually due to water shortages. On an average, Indian plants that are located at high water-stressed regions operate 1.5 months lesser than those at low and medium water-stressed regions. Such TPPs would see an increase in cost of electricity generation by 0.17 INR/kWh (0.24 US cents/kWh) compared to TPPs with ACC.
Reflectivity and spectral attribute-based reservoir characterization: a case study from "MUN" onshore Niger delta field, Nigeria
Authors: Munyithya J. M. , Ehirim C. N. , Dagogo T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReservoir characterization plays a significant role in the exploration, development, and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The use of integrated approach in characterization improves on the accuracy, certainty, and robust interpretation of reflectivity data. The study aimed to integrate reflectivity and spectral attributes to adequately characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs in MUN onshore Niger delta field. Well log and rock physics analyses identified and delineated reservoirs, discriminated lithology, characterized fluid, and established relations between elastic and reservoir properties for field-wide interpretation of the reflectivity data. The wells were tied to the reflectivity data, and H4 seismic horizon was mapped. Subsequently, sweetness, reflectivity and spectral attributes were extracted along H4 horizon after inversion and spectral decomposition of the reflectivity data and independently interpreted. Channel-like structure with high-amplitudes, low-to-moderate acoustic impedance (Ip), lambda–rho (λρ) and mu–rho (µρ) attribute values, and high-amplitude low-frequency spectral attributes (15–35 Hz), respectively, characteristics of hydrocarbon saturated channel sands were delineated. The channel reservoir sand is thick, porous with low volume of shale and low to moderate water saturation. Analysis of data further shows that reflectivity attributes provided a better description of fluid characteristics than the sweetness and spectral attributes, but are less sensitive to structure and exaggerated the shape and limits of the channel sands. However, the spectral attributes seem to be more robust than the reflectivity attributes in providing subtle structural and stratigraphic details of the reservoir as well as delineating by-passed hydrocarbons in the field.
Impact of physical phenomena and cyclical reinjection in miscible CO2-WAG recovery in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Sampaio Marcio Augusto , de Mello Samuel Ferreira , Schiozer Denis José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbonated reservoirs with high percentage of CO2have been discovered and produced in the Brazilian pre-salt cluster. Recovery techniques, such as CO2-WAG, have hence been evaluated and applied, as in the Lula field. Although studies demonstrate the advantages of this technique, it is still difficult to estimate an increase in oil recovery. Thus, this work presents a methodology to evaluate the impacts of the main phenomena that occur and how CO2recycling can benefit the management of these fields. The results showed an increase in recovery with the modeling of the main phenomena such as relative permeability hysteresis and aqueous solubility of CO2, accompanied by a significant increase in CO2injection. However, the recycling of the CO2produced was shown to be fundamental in the reduction in this injection and to increase the NPV. The results showed a 4% increase in oil production and 9% in NPV, considering a producer–injector pair.