bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Your planet needs you”
Authors: Zurru Elisabetta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Against the backdrop of ecocritical and ecolinguistic studies, the chapter advocates a wider engagement with ecological matters of ecostylistics and, consequently, a widening of its aims and scope. In particular, the ecostylistic analysis of the two briefing videos projected at the beginning of the interactive exhibition The Science of Survival: Your Planet Needs You will be analysed to explore how the stylistic choices made in the videos help the intended audience gain or widen their ecological awareness, by making such multifaceted and specialised topics as climate change and sustainability accessible to children and adults alike.
London past and present
Authors: Pillière Linda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cities rely on their historical monuments and past cultural heritage to project their image, and city museums are one means used to achieve this goal. However, the city of the twenty-first century is socially and culturally heterogeneous. How then, can a city museum interact both with the heritage of the past and connect with its present-day multiracial, multilingual population? What are the linguistic tools used to achieve this goal? Using communication theory frameworks and discourse analysis, I will look at the use of exhibition texts at the Museum of London and demonstrate that exhibition texts seek to engage with the public and, in doing so, contribute to reflecting and communicating the city’s many voices.
La explicitación a través de los conectores contrastivos y consecutivos en un corpus de traducción literaria en el par de lenguas francés-español
Authors: Bracho Lapiedra Llum , Peña Martínez Gemma 
Published: November 2020

Resumen
En este estudio pretendemos comparar, en primer lugar, la existencia de un mayor o menor uso de conectores en un subcorpus
literario traducido del francés al español (FRLO-ESLT) y en un subcorpus escrito originalmente en español (ESLO); en segundo lugar,
analizamos la base de las posibles diferencias encontradas en función de la relación semántica discursiva que evidencian estos conectores, y
si responden a la técnica que en traducción se denomina explicitación. Para ello nos hemos centrado en dos tipos de conectores clave, pues
vehiculan relaciones semánticas fundamentales en la comunicación humana: los conectores de carácter contrastivo y aquellos de carácter
consecutivo. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de una de las líneas de investigación del grupo COVALT (Corpus Valencià de Literatura
Traduïda) iniciada con el estudio comparativo de estos mismos conectores en un subcorpus de traducciones del inglés al catalán
frente a un subcorpus literario de catalán lengua original (Marco, 2018).
La unidad verbal cantaría en las gramáticas de ELE
Authors: Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso , Martínez-Atienza de Dios María 
Published: November 2020

Resumen
Con este trabajo pretendemos contribuir a demostrar la necesidad de que los materiales de ELE, en particular las
gramáticas, presenten un adecuado fundamento teórico y metodológico. Para ello, de modo concreto, realizamos un recorrido por la unidad
verbal cantaría en la historia gramatical española. Posteriormente, analizamos el tratamiento de dicha unidad en un corpus constituido por
veinte gramáticas de ELE de distintos niveles de acuerdo con el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas y cuyos
destinatarios son tanto hablantes de cualquier lengua extranjera como hablantes nativos de inglés, francés e italiano. En particular,
estudiamos la variedad terminológica que presenta la unidad cantaría, el contraste que se establece a menudo con otras unidades del sistema
verbal español, así como los ejemplos utilizados para la exposición. A partir del análisis, constatamos la polivalencia que presenta esta
forma verbal en las gramáticas analizadas, la multiplicidad de los valores que denominamos prototípicos y no prototípicos (Zamorano Aguilar y Martínez-Atienza, 2014) y la diversidad en su consideración.
Brewing optimal coffee
Authors: Smith A , Lee W T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coffee is a beverage enjoyed worldwide and an active area of current research. The brewing of coffee also presents an opportunity to demonstrate the model, simulate and optimise paradigm in action. This is done in the context of brewing cafetière coffee. Using a published model and experimental data we show that an existing model can be parameterised to simulate the results of that experiment. From here an optimisation step can be applied in which the experimental recipe can be changed to improve the quality of the coffee produced in the experiment. This activity is implemented in the NUMBAS platform.
Non-stationary multi-layered Gaussian priors for Bayesian inversion
Authors: Emzir Muhammad , Lasanen Sari , Purisha Zenith , Roininen Lassi , Särkkä Simo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we study Bayesian inverse problems with multi-layered Gaussian priors. The aim of the multi-layered hierarchical prior is to provide enough complexity structure to allow for both smoothing and edge-preserving properties at the same time. We first describe the conditionally Gaussian layers in terms of a system of stochastic partial differential equations. We then build the computational inference method using a finite-dimensional Galerkin method. We show that the proposed approximation has a convergence-in-probability property to the solution of the original multi-layered model. We then carry out Bayesian inference using the preconditioned Crank–Nicolson algorithm which is modified to work with multi-layered Gaussian fields. We show via numerical experiments in signal deconvolution and computerized x-ray tomography problems that the proposed method can offer both smoothing and edge preservation at the same time.
A pulsed freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator and power management circuit to harvest rotation energy from an automobile brake
Authors: Han Jingbo , Li Hongkai , Fu Tianbo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A lot of mechanical energy is lost in the braking process of automobiles, and it is feasible to harvest the energy and power electronic devices by using the technology of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In this study, we propose a pulsed freestanding TENG (PF-TENG) with a grid structure to harvest mechanical energy in the braking process, and use electric brushes to achieve a unidirectional pulsed output. We also design a passive power management circuit (P-PMC) to process and store the energy output. First, the general analytical solutions of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit charge and output capacitance are derived from the theoretical model. According to the simulation results by using the finite element method, it is proved that the output energy of PF-TENG is independent of the grid number and proportional to the rotation speed. Second, the circuit simulation results demonstrate that P-PMC achieves impedance matching with the PF-TENG. The output power can maintain the maximum value under a wide load range and the optimal conversion efficiency is 94%. It is also found that the charging speed increases when the inductance value or the capacitance value decreases. In addition, a large pulse width makes the PF-TENG discharge completely. Finally, it is demonstrated that the PF-TENG can be used as a sensor to detect the wear depth of the brake pad with the open-circuit voltage.
On relativistic quantum mechanics of the Majorana particle: quaternions, paired plane waves, and orthogonal representations of the Poincaré group
Authors: Arodź H , Świerczyński Z 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The standard momentum operator −i∇ has the trivial domain (the null vector) if the L
2 Hilbert space consists of only real-valued functions. In consequence, it is useless in quantum mechanics of the relativistic Majorana particle which is formulated in such a Hilbert space. Instead, one can consider the axial momentum operator introduced in (2019) Phys. Lett. A
383 1242. In the present paper we report several new results which elucidate usability of the axial momentum observable. First, a new motivation for the axial momentum is given, and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation checked. Next, we show that the general solution of time evolution equation written in the axial momentum basis has a connection with quaternions. Furthermore, it turns out that in the case of massive Majorana particles, single traveling monochromatic plane waves are not possible, but there exist solutions which have the form of two plane waves traveling in opposite directions. Another issue discussed here in detail is relativistic invariance. A single real, orthogonal and irreducible representation of the Poincaré group—consistent with the lack of antiparticle—is unveiled.
How accurate for phonon models to predict the thermodynamics properties of crystals
Authors: Gong Le-Cheng , Ning Bo-Yuan , Ming Chen , Weng Tsu-Chien , Ning Xi-Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previous work has shown that thermodynamics properties calculated by phonon model with quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) may differ badly from experiment in some cases. The inaccuracy was examined in the present work by comparing the results of QHA for argon and copper crystal with the ones of molecular dynamics simulations, partition functions obtained by a new method or experiment. It is shown that QHA works well for the systems of atomic volume smaller than 22 Å3/atom and the accuracy gets lower and lower gradually with increasing of the atomic volume. Based on this fact, the disagreement (or agreement) between the thermodynamics properties of MgO, Si, CaO, ZrO2 calculated in previous work by QHA and the experiments can be well understood.
Characterization of biases between BDS-3 and BDS-2, GPS, Galileo and GLONASS observations and their effect on precise time and frequency transfer
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Tu Rui , Han Junqiang , Gao Yuping , Zhang Rui , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the development of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), from a regional system BDS-2 to a global system BDS-3, more satellites can now be employed in the domain of globally precise time and frequency transfer. However, if the current BDS-3 and BDS-2, Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo and GLObal NAvigation satellite system (GLONASS) are combined for multi-global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) time transfer, the characteristics of inter-system biases (ISBs) remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of ISBs between BDS-3 and BDS-2, GPS, Galileo and GLONASS, and revealed that their ISB series is not constant and that all the daily ISB series of the multi-GNSS show some systematic characteristics among different stations. Therefore, three stochastic models for ISBs of white noise process, random constant process and random walk process expressed as ‘White’, ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’, respectively, were employed to assess the performance of the time and frequency transfer using the time link accuracy and frequency stability indicators. The results show that the models for the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes are notably better than that for the ‘White’ scheme by 10.4% and 16.8%, respectively, for the least noisy time link of WTZZ-BRCH. Furthermore, the improvements in the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes are 2.1% and 3.5%, respectively, for the TP01-BRCH time link, when compared with that of the ‘White’ scheme. With respect to frequency stability, the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes also perform better in terms of frequency stability than the ‘White’ scheme at different time intervals. Similarly, the improvements over the ‘White’ scheme are 5.05% and 4.97% for the TP01-BRCH time link and are 24.01% and 32.48% for the WTZZ-BRCH time link.
Soil organic matter determination based on artificial olfactory system and PLSR-BPNN
Authors: Huang Dongyan , Liu He , Zhu Longtu , Li Mingwei , Xia Xiaomeng , Qi Jiangtao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator of soil fertility. For accurate measurement of SOM, a novel method based on an artificial olfactory system (AOS) was proposed. The response curves of soil volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a metal-oxide semiconductor sensor array, and four features (including maximum value, mean differential coefficient, response area, and the transient value at the 20th second) were obtained from the curves and used to build olfactory feature space. Then, prediction models were established using the pattern recognition algorithm. To further enhance the accuracy of AOS measurement, we used Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV) to identify and eliminate the abnormal samples of the soil olfactory feature space. Then, the dimension reduction method of the genetic algorithm (GA)back-propagation (BP) was used to find the appropriate feature vectors, and two types of hybrid models were presented. One was the support vector machine (SVM) and group method of data handling (GMDH) combined model—SVM-GMDH. The other was a combination of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN)—PLSR-BPNN. The forecasting performances of three single models (BPNN, PLSR, support vector regression: SVR) and two combined models (PLSR-BPNN, SVM-GMDH) were comparatively evaluated. The evaluation indices included coefficient of determination (R
2), root mean square error (RMSE), ratio of performance to deviation and relative prediction error (RPE). It was found that the predictive capabilities of all five tested models were improved after elimination of abnormal samples and feature reduction. Moreover, PLSR-BPNN performed the best in predicting SOM concentrations, with R
2 = 0.952, RMSE = 1.771, PRD = 4.291, and slight variation of RPE within 0–0.185, and thus can offer a reference for predicting SOM via AOS.
A reconstruction method for cone-beam computed laminography based on projection transformation
Authors: Sun Liang , Zhou Guangjin , Qin Zerui , Yuan Songmei , Lin Qiang , Gui Zhiguo , Yang Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely popular nondestructive testing technique for engineering and medical purposes, but its limitation is openly recognized in the inspection of large components, particularly for plate-type structures. Computed laminography (CL) avoids this defect. Nowadays, most of the existing analytical CL reconstruction approaches ignore the problem that the projection data under the CL scanning structure does not strictly meet the conditions of the standard filtered back-projection (FBP) or Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK) method. Since the original CL data are directly filtered without considering the influence of the tilt angle of the CL rotation axis, this will affect the quality of the reconstructed images. In view of this situation, a conversion method of cone-beam CL data based on projection transformation is proposed, which is also referred to as the CL re-projection (CLRP). The collected CL projections can be corrected to satisfy the filtering requirements. We establish a virtual CT detector and use the CLRP to convert the known CL data into the projection on the virtual detector. Then, the FDK method commonly used in cone-beam CT is applied to reconstruct the converted data. Through the above two steps to achieve CL reconstruction. Computer simulations and experimental results show that the CLRP algorithm can accurately convert the raw CL data into those which satisfying the FDK method. The CLRP can decline the information aliasing to a certain extent. Compared with the existing CL-FBP algorithm, the CLRP-FDK method for CL reconstruction can effectively reduce image artifacts. The CLRP algorithm provides a new idea for CL reconstruction and plays an important role in practical engineering applications.
Classification of 12-lead ECGs: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020
Authors: Perez Alday Erick A , Gu Annie , J Shah Amit , Robichaux Chad , Ian Wong An-Kwok , Liu Chengyu , Liu Feifei , Bahrami Rad Ali , Elola Andoni , Seyedi Salman , Li Qiao , Sharma Ashish , Clifford Gari D , Reyna Matthew A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: Vast 12-lead ECGs repositories provide opportunities to develop new machine learning approaches for creating accurate and automatic diagnostic systems for cardiac abnormalities. However, most 12-lead ECG classification studies are trained, tested, or developed in single, small, or relatively homogeneous datasets. In addition, most algorithms focus on identifying small numbers of cardiac arrhythmias that do not represent the complexity and difficulty of ECG interpretation. This work addresses these issues by providing a standard, multi-institutional database and a novel scoring metric through a public competition: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020. Approach: A total of 66 361 12-lead ECG recordings were sourced from six hospital systems from four countries across three continents; 43 101 recordings were posted publicly with a focus on 27 diagnoses. For the first time in a public competition, we required teams to publish open-source code for both training and testing their algorithms, ensuring full scientific reproducibility. Main results: A total of 217 teams submitted 1395 algorithms during the Challenge, representing a diversity of approaches for identifying cardiac abnormalities from both academia and industry. As with previous Challenges, high-performing algorithms exhibited significant drops (

≲

10%) in performance on the hidden test data. Significance: Data from diverse institutions allowed us to assess algorithmic generalizability. A novel evaluation metric considered different misclassification errors for different cardiac abnormalities, capturing the outcomes and risks of different diagnoses. Requiring both trained models and code for training models improved the generalizability of submissions, setting a new bar in reproducibility for public data science competitions.
Two distinctive regimes in the charge transport of a magnetic topological ultra thin film
Authors: Sabzalipour Amir , Mir Moslem , Zarenia Mohammad , Partoens Bart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of the magnetic impurities on the charge transport in a magnetic topological ultra-thin film (MTF) is analytically investigated by applying the semi-classical Boltzmann framework through a modified relaxation-time approximation. Our results for the relaxation time of electrons as well as the charge conductivity of the system exhibit two distinct regimes of transport. We show that the generated charge current in a MTF is always dissipative and anisotropic when both conduction bands are involved in the charge transport. The magnetic impurities induce a chirality selection rule for the transitions of electrons which can be altered by changing the orientation of the magnetic impurities. On the other hand, when a single conduction band participates in the charge transport, the resistivity is isotropic and can be entirely suppressed due to the corresponding chirality selection rule. Our findings propose a method to determine an onset thickness at which a crossover from a three-dimensional magnetic topological insulator to a (two-dimensional) MTF occurs.
Basin stability and limit cycles in a conceptual model for climate tipping cascades
Authors: Wunderling Nico , Gelbrecht Maximilian , Winkelmann Ricarda , Kurths Jürgen , Donges Jonathan F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tipping elements in the climate system are large-scale subregions of the Earth that might possess threshold behavior under global warming with large potential impacts on human societies. Here, we study a subset of five tipping elements and their interactions in a conceptual and easily extendable framework: the Greenland Ice Sheets (GIS) and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the El–Niño Southern Oscillation and the Amazon rainforest. In this nonlinear and multistable system, we perform a basin stability analysis to detect its stable states and their associated Earth system resilience. By combining these two methodologies with a large-scale Monte Carlo approach, we are able to propagate the many uncertainties associated with the critical temperature thresholds and the interaction strengths of the tipping elements. Using this approach, we perform a system-wide and comprehensive robustness analysis with more than 3.5 billion ensemble members. Further, we investigate dynamic regimes where some of the states lose stability and oscillations appear using a newly developed basin bifurcation analysis methodology. Our results reveal that the state of four or five tipped elements has the largest basin volume for large levels of global warming beyond 4 °C above pre-industrial climate conditions, representing a highly undesired state where a majority of the tipping elements reside in the transitioned regime. For lower levels of warming, states including disintegrated ice sheets on west Antarctica and Greenland have higher basin volume than other state configurations. Therefore in our model, we find that the large ice sheets are of particular importance for Earth system resilience. We also detect the emergence of limit cycles for 0.6% of all ensemble members at rare parameter combinations. Such limit cycle oscillations mainly occur between the GIS and AMOC (86%), due to their negative feedback coupling. These limit cycles point to possibly dangerous internal modes of variability in the climate system that could have played a role in paleoclimatic dynamics such as those unfolding during the Pleistocene ice age cycles.
Weyl geometry, topology of space-time and reality of electromagnetic potentials, and new perspective on particle physics
Authors: Tiwari S C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Consistency of Weyl natural gauge, Lorentz gauge and nonlinear gauge is studied in Weyl geometry. Field equations in generalized Weyl-Dirac theory show that spinless electron and photon are topological defects. Statistical metric and fluctuating metric in 3D space with time as a measure of spatial relations are discussed to propose a statistical interpretation of Maxwell field equations. It is argued that physical geometry is an approximation to mathematical geometry, and 4D relativistic spacetime is essentially 3D space with changing spatial relations. The present work is suggested to have radical new outlook on elementary particle physics.
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-based quantum private comparison protocol with bit-flipping
Authors: Ji Zhaoxu , Fan Peiru , Zhang Huanguo , Wang Houzhen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By introducing a semi-honest third party (TP), this paper proposes a novel quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol using (n + 1)-qubit (n ≥ 2) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as information carriers. The parameter n not only determines the number of qubits contained in a GHZ state, but also determines the probability that TP can successfully steal the participants’ data and the qubit efficiency. In the proposed protocol, any other quantum technologies (e.g., entanglement swapping and unitary operation) except necessary technologies such as preparing quantum states and quantum measurements are employed, which can reduce the need for quantum devices. The proposed protocol uses the keys generated by quantum key distribution and bit-flipping for privacy protection, and decoy photons for eavesdropping checking, making both external and internal attacks invalid. Specifically, for external attacks, several well-known attack means (e.g., the intercept-resend attack and the measurement-resend attack) are taken as examples to show that the attackers outside the protocol can not steal the participants’ data successfully, in which the security proof of the protocol against the entanglement-measurement attack is provided. For internal attacks, it is shown that TP cannot steal the participants’ data and the participants cannot steal each other’s data. It is also shown that the existing attack means against QPC protocols are invalid for our protocol.