bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How General Is the Semantic Structure of Time? A Comparison of Indians and Germans
Authors: Sedlmeier Peter , Rangaiah Babu , Weber Doreen , Winkler Isabell 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeople in different cultures differ in their time-related behaviors and judgments. But do they also differ in how time is represented in their minds, that is, in their semantic structures of time, and if so, how and why? Two studies addressed these questions using participants’ time-related associative responses to compare the semantic structures of time across Indian and German university students. Study 1 compared time-related associations and found only low intercultural agreement, which increased somewhat if associations were grouped into categories. In Study 2, a comparison of the results of multidimensional scaling analyses on a cross-culturally representative selection of stimuli was consistent with the conclusion that differences across cultures are much more pronounced than commonalities. Two cultural aspects in particular might be responsible for the diversity in the semantic structures of time: the monochronic–polychronic distinction and the distinction between linear and cyclical time. Moreover, intercultural differences may be strongly intensified by language effects, especially if the languages in question greatly differ. It is concluded that behavioral and judgmental differences in dealing with time may be grounded in how people intuitively think about it and the language used to do so.
Multiscale analysis of friction behavior at fretting interfaces
Authors: Zhang Zhinan , Pan Shuaihang , Yin Nian , Shen Bin , Song Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFriction behavior at fretting interfaces is of fundamental interest in tribology and is important in material applications. However, friction has contact intervals, which can accurately determine the friction characteristics of a material; however, this has not been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the fretting process with regard to different interfacial configurations have also not been systematically evaluated. To bridge these research gaps, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on Al-Al, diamond-diamond, and diamond-silicon fretting interfaces were performed while considering bidirectional forces. This paper also proposes new energy theories, bonding principles, nanoscale friction laws, and wear rate analyses. With these models, semi-quantitative analyses of coefficient of friction (CoF) were made and simulation outcomes were examined. The results show that the differences in the hardness, stiffness modulus, and the material configuration have a considerable influence on the fretting process. This can potentially lead to the force generated during friction contact intervals along with changes in the CoF. The effect of surface separation can be of great significance in predicting the fretting process, selecting the material, and for optimization.
Accuracy and minor embedding in subqubo decomposition with fully connected large problems: a case study about the number partitioning problem
Authors: Asproni Luca , Caputo Davide , Silva Blanca , Fazzi Giovanni , Magagnini Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the capabilities of a hybrid quantum-classical procedure to explore the solution space using the D-Wave 2000QTMquantum annealer device. Here, we study the ability of the quantum hardware to solve the number partitioning problem, a well-known NP-hard optimization model that poses some challenges typical of those encountered in real-world applications. This represents one of the most complex scenario in terms of qubits connectivity and, by increasing the input problem size, we analyze the scaling properties of the quantum-classical workflow. We find remarkable results in most instances of the model; for the most complex ones, we investigate further the D-Wave Hybrid suite. Specifically, we were able to find the optimal solutions even in the worst cases by fine-tuning the parameters that schedule the annealing time and allowing a pause in the annealing cycle.
THE MAKING OF A NEW RACE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY IMPERIAL IMAGINARY
Authors: QUICK TOM 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article contends that understandings of race and practices of racial differentiation underwent a significant epistemological shift around the first decades of the twentieth century. It reaches this conclusion via consideration of a dog breeding programme conducted by the statistician and hereditarian theorist Karl Pearson. In 1913, Pearson proclaimed that he, along with his collaborators Edward Nettleship and Charles Usher, had created a ‘new race’ of dog. Notable for its complete absence of hair pigmentation, this race appeared to demonstrate the potential that experimental animal breeding had for imperial policy-making. In differentiating his dogs from the Pekingese spaniels from which they had been produced, Pearson sought to show that ‘foreign’ animals could be made to approximate British racial standards. In Pearson's wake, animal breeding became an increasingly persuasive means by which scientists sought to legitimate racial contentions. By the 1920s, established anthropocentric approaches to human differentiation had begun to be replaced by new, animal-centred techniques and practices. Whereas nineteenth-century conceptions of race had primarily been articulated in relation to the study of human bodies, in the new race of the twentieth century, differentiation would involve study of and experimentation with bodies of all kinds – animal and human.
Conceptualising trust in aged care
Authors: Gilbert Andrew Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article calls for a sociological understanding of the importance of trust to aged care. It connects existing theories of trust to empirical evidence from gerontology and nursing research. Trust is defined as a response to and management of social vulnerability. It is argued this makes trust a fundamental concept for understanding human service and social care institutions, including aged care. In light of Australia's Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, as well as generational shifts in consumer expectations and care ethics, the article highlights four distinct yet interrelated forms of trust: interpersonal, institutional, organisational and public trust. All of these forms are shown to be critical in conceptualising and evaluating the perceived trust deficit facing contemporary aged-care systems, and existing evidence shows how these forms of trust can reinforce, conflict and misalign with each other. Efforts to rebuild trust in aged care at an organisational and institutional level should ensure mechanisms facilitate rather than hinder the formation of interpersonal trust relations between individual service users, their families and aged care staff. Broader social policy reforms must also consider and address the way cultural understandings of ageing, and media representations of aged care, have diminished the public's trust in the sector, and how the cycle of scandals, reviews and piecemeal reforms contributes to this.
A taste for knottiness: skaldic art at Cnut’s court
Authors: Frank Roberta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring Cnut’s two decades on the throne, his English court was the most vibrant centre in the North for the production and performance of skaldic praise poetry. Icelandic poets composing for earlier Anglo-Saxon kings had focused on the predictive power of royal ‘speaking’ names: for example, Æthelstan (‘Noble-Rock’) and Æthelred (‘Noble-Counsel’). The name Cnut presented problems, vulnerable as it was to cross-linguistic gaffes and embarrassing associations. This article reviews the difficulties faced by Cnut’s skalds when referring in verse to their patron and the solutions they devised. Similar techniques were used when naming other figures in the king’s vicinity. The article concludes with a look at two cruces in an anonymous praise poem celebrating Cnut’s victory in battle in 1016/17 against the English. Both onomastic allusions — to a famed local hero and a female onlooker — seem to poke fun at the ‘colonial’ pronunciation of Danish names in Anglo-Scandinavian England. Norse court poetry was nothing if not a combative game.
The potential distribution of wintering and breeding populations of Asian HoubaraChlamydotis macqueeniiin Iran
Authors: PAKNIAT DAVOOD , HEMAMI MAHMOUD-REZA , SHAHNASERI GILDA , MALEKI SAEIDEH , ADIBI MOHAMMAD-ALI , BESMELI MOHAMMAD REZA , SEHATISABET MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM , ABBASIAN HOSSEIN , AKBARI HOSSEIN , TOHIDI MAHBOOBEH 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAsian HoubaraChlamydotis macqueeniiis a vulnerable flagship species specific to steppe, desert and semi-desert habitats of the Middle East and Central Asia. Iran provides a critical corridor in the middle of Asian Houbara’s migratory route and also hosts a relatively large proportion of wintering and breeding populations. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and habitat suitability of both wintering and breeding populations of Asian Houbara in Iran and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing protected area network for long-term protection of the species. For this purpose, 644 occurrence points for wintering and 216 points for breeding birds were collected from 17 Iranian provinces during 2015 to 2017. We then used a consensus species distribution modelling (SDM) approach using 11 uncorrelated environmental variables to explore the distribution of Asian Houbara habitats. Results showed that climatic and topographic variations have the most significant influence on the regional-scale distribution of Asian Houbara. Of the suitable habitats recognised for the wintering and breeding populations, 40.6% and 29.6% respectively overlapped with the extent of the protected network. A high level of spatial niche similarity (78%) was observed between wintering and breeding populations. The central, eastern and south-central Iranian semi-arid regions and desert landscapes hosted the majority of both wintering and breeding houbara occurrences. Results of this study could be used for adopting direct management planning and raising the protection level of important no-hunting areas.
Evaluation of measurement equivalence of the Family Satisfaction with the End-of-Life Care (FAMCARE): Tests of differential item functioning between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White caregivers
Authors: Teresi Jeanne A. , Ocepek-Welikson Katja , Ramirez Mildred , Kleinman Marjorie , Ornstein Katherine , Siu Albert , Luchsinger Jose 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the psychometric properties of the Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care measure have been examined in diverse settings internationally; little evidence exists regarding measurement equivalence in Hispanic caregivers. The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of a short-form of the FAMCARE in Hispanics using latent variable models and place information on differential item functioning (DIF) in an existing family satisfaction item bank.MethodThe graded form of the item response theory model was used for the analyses of DIF; sensitivity analyses were performed using a latent variable logistic regression approach. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine dimensionality were performed within each subgroup studied. The sample included 1,834 respondents: 317 Hispanic and 1,517 non-Hispanic White caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and cancer, respectively.ResultsThere was strong support for essential unidimensionality for both Hispanic and non-Hispanic White subgroups. Modest DIF of low magnitude and impact was observed; flagged items related to information sharing. Only 1 item was flagged with significant DIF by both a primary and sensitivity method after correction for multiple comparisons: “The way the family is included in treatment and care decisions.” This item was more discriminating for the non-Hispanic, White responders than for the Hispanic subsample, and was also a more severe indicator at some levels of the trait; the Hispanic respondents located at higher satisfaction levels were more likely than White non-Hispanic respondents to report satisfaction.Significance of resultsThe magnitude of DIF was below the salience threshold for all items. Evidence supported the measurement equivalence and use for cross-cultural comparisons of the short-form FAMCARE among Hispanic caregivers, including those interviewed in Spanish.
Long‐Term Storage and Age‐Biased Export of Fluvial Organic Carbon: Field Evidence From West Iceland
Authors: Torres Mark A. , Kemeny Preston C. , Lamb Michael P. , Cole Trevor L. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTerrestrial organic carbon (OC) plays an important role in the carbon cycle, but questions remain regarding the controls and timescale(s) over which atmospheric CO2 remains sequestered as particulate OC (POC). Motivated by observations that terrestrial POC is physically stored within soils and other shallow sedimentary deposits, we examined the role that sediment storage plays in the terrestrial OC cycle. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that sediment storage impacts the age of terrestrial POC. We focused on the Efri Haukadalsá River catchment in Iceland as it lacks ancient sedimentary bedrock that would otherwise bias radiocarbon‐based determinations of POC storage duration by supplying pre‐aged “petrogenic” POC.Our radiocarbon measurements of riverine suspended sediments and deposits implicated millennial‐scale storage times. Comparison between the sample types (suspended and deposits) suggested an age offset between transported (suspended sediments) and stored (deposits) POC at the time of sampling, which is predicted by theory for the sediment age distribution in floodplains. We also observed that POC in suspended sediments is younger than the predicted mean storage duration generated from independent geomorphological data, which suggested an additional role for OC cycling. Consistent with this, we observed interparticle heterogeneity in the composition of POC by imaging our samples at the microscale using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, we found that particles within individual samples differed in their sulfur oxidation state, which is indicative of multiple origins and/or diagenetic histories. Altogether, our results support recent coupled sediment storage and OC cycling models and indicate that the physical drivers of sediment storage are important factors controlling the cadence of carbon cycling.
Tajik Basin and Southwestern Tian Shan, Northwestern India‐Asia Collision Zone: 2. Timing of Basin Inversion, Tian Shan Mountain Building, and Relation to Pamir‐Plateau Advance and Deep India‐Asia Indentation
Authors: Abdulhameed Sanaa , Ratschbacher Lothar , Jonckheere Raymond , Gągała Łukasz , Enkelmann Eva , Käßner Alexandra , Kars Myriam A. C. , Szulc Adam , Kufner Sofia‐Katerina , Schurr Bernd , Ringenbach Jean‐Claude , Nakapelyukh Mykhaylo , Khan Jahanzeb , Gadoev Mustafo , Oimahmadov Ilhomjon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Tajik basin and southwestern Tian Shan constitute the northwestern tip of the India‐Asia collision zone. Basin inversion formed the thin‐skinned Tajik fold‐thrust belt, outlined by westward convex fold trains, underlain by a décollement in Jurassic evaporites. The belt's leading edge—the Uzbek Gissar—and its transpressional northern lateral margin—the Tajik Gissar—constitute the thick‐skinned foreland buttresses. Apatite fission‐track data indicate ~40‐ to 15‐Ma reheating by sediment burial in the Tian Shan. In the Gissar and the Tajik fold‐thrust belt, apatite fission‐track and (U,Th)/He ages date the major phase of shortening/erosion between ~12 and 1 Ma, with exhumation to 2‐ to 3‐km crustal depths within a few Myr after onset of shortening. Shortening spread immediately across the fold‐thrust belt, typical for belts floored by a detachment in ductile rocks, and into the foreland buttresses. Reactivation concentrated in the internal (eastern) fold‐thrust belt with the thickest evaporates. The youngest ages (~6.6–1.6 Ma) occur along the Vakhsh thrust, the active erosional front of the fold‐thrust belt in the northeastern Tajik basin, where it narrows between the converging Tian Shan and Pamir. Our study links major events in the Pamir hinterland with the Tajik basin and Tian Shan foreland. In the late Eocene–early Miocene, the advancing Pamir‐plateau crust loaded the foreland, inducing subsidence, reheating, and early shortening. Basin inversion and major shortening/transpression in the foreland buttresses from ~12 Ma onward were synchronous with the subcrustal indentation of Indian lithosphere into the Tajik‐Tarim basin lithosphere and the onset of its rollback beneath the Pamir.
Tajik Basin and Southwestern Tian Shan, Northwestern India‐Asia Collision Zone: 3. Preorogenic to Synorogenic Retro‐foreland Basin Evolution in the Eastern Tajik Depression and Linkage to the Pamir Hinterland
Authors: Dedow Ralf , Franz Matthias , Szulc Adam , Schneider Jörg W. , Brückner Jan , Ratschbacher Lothar , Gągała Łukasz , Ringenbach Jean‐Claude , Rajabov Negmat , Gadoev Mustafo , Oimahmadov Ilhomjon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Tajik basin archives the orogenic evolution of the Pamir hinterland. Stratigraphic‐sedimentologic observations from Cretaceous‐Pliocene strata along its eastern margin describe the depositional environment and basin‐formation stages in reaction to hinterland exhumation and basin inversion. During the Late Cretaceous‐Eocene (preorogenic stage: ~100–34 Ma), a shallow‐marine to terrestrial basin extended throughout Central Asia. An alluvial plain with influx of conglomerate bodies (Baljuvon Formation) indicates a first pulse of hinterland erosion and foreland‐basin formation in the late Oligocene‐early Miocene (synorogenic stage Ia: ~34–23 Ma). Further hinterland exhumation deposited massive alluvial conglomerates (Khingou Formation) in the early‐middle Miocene (synorogenic stage Ib: ~23–15 Ma). Westward thickening growth strata suggest transformation of the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold‐thrust belt in the middle‐late Miocene (synorogenic stage IIa: ~15–5 Ma). Increased water supply led to the formation of fluvial mega‐fans (Tavildara Formation). Latest Miocene‐Pliocene shortening constructed basin morphology that blocked sediment bypass into the central basin from the east (Karanak Formation), triggering drainage‐system reorganization from transverse to longitudinal sediment transport (synorogenic stage IIb: < ~5 Ma). Accelerated shortening (~27–20 Ma) and foreland‐directed collapse (~23–12 Ma) of Pamir‐plateau crust loaded the foreland and induced synorogenic stages Ia and Ib. Coupling of Indian and Asian cratonic lithospheres and onset of northward and westward delamination/rollback of Asian lithosphere (i.e., lithosphere of the Tajik basin) beneath the Pamir at ~12–11 Ma transformed the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold‐thrust belt (synorogenic stage IIa). The timing of the sedimentologically derived basin reconfiguration matches the thermochronologically derived onset of Tajik‐basin inversion at ~12 Ma.
Controls on Continental Strain Partitioning Above an Oblique Subduction Zone, Northern Andes
Authors: Schütt J. M. , Whipp D. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrain partitioning onto margin‐parallel thrust and strike‐slip faults is a common process at obliquely convergent plate margins, leading to the formation and migration of crustal slivers. The degree of strain partitioning and rate of sliver migration can be linked to several factors including the angle of convergence obliquity, the dip angle of subduction, frictional coupling between the plates and the strength of the upper plate, among others. Although these factors are known to be important, their relative influence on strain partitioning is unclear, particularly at natural margins where the factors often vary along strike. Here we use a 3‐D mechanical finite‐element model to investigate the relationship between continental crustal strength, the convergence obliquity angle, the subduction angle, and strain partitioning in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of the Andes (5°N–3°S). In the NVZ the subduction dip and obliquity angles both vary along strike, weaknesses in the continental crust may be present in suture zones or regions of arc volcanism, and strain partitioning is only observed in some regions. Thus, it is an ideal location to gain insight in which of the factors have the largest influence on deformation and sliver formation in the upper plate. Our numerical experiments confirm that a moderately high obliquity angle is needed for partitioning and that a continental crustal weakness is also required for movement of a coherent continental sliver at rates similar to geodetic observations from the NVZ. In contrast, the subduction dip angle is only of secondary importance in controlling strain partitioning behavior.
A Mechanism for the STEVE Continuum Emission
Authors: Harding Brian J. , Mende Stephen B. , Triplett Colin C. , Wu Yen‐Jung Joanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a mechanism to explain the subauroral emission feature called STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement), with a focus on its continuum spectrum. Spacecraft observations show that emissions co‐occur with typically invisible plasma flows known as subauroral ion drifts. If these flows are fast enough, nitrogen molecules are vibrationally excited by collisions with ions, overcoming the activation energy of the N2+O→NO+N reaction. The resulting NO combines with ambient O, producing NO2 and spectrally broad light. Importantly, this mechanism also produces N, which reduces the lifetime of NO from hours to seconds and thus explains why the emission is confined to a discrete arc. The predicted emission altitude (
130 km) and occurrence conditions (
4‐km/s flows) match well with observations. We simulate this mechanism using a simple photochemical model to demonstrate its validity. This mechanism is initiated by fast ion flows and is thus distinct from auroral and airglow processes.
Application of an antibody chip for screening differentially expressed proteins during peach ripening and identification of a metabolon in the SAM cycle to generate a peach ethylene biosynthesis model
Authors: Zeng Wenfang , Niu Liang , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Xiaobei , Wang Yan , Pan Lei , Lu Zhenhua , Cui Guochao , Weng Weining , Wang Mingqiao , Meng Xun , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeach (Prunus persica) is a typical climacteric fruit that produces ethylene rapidly during ripening, and its fruit softens quickly. Stony hard peach cultivars, however, do not produce large amounts of ethylene, and the fruit remains firm until fully ripe, thus differing from melting flesh peach cultivars. To identify the key proteins involved in peach fruit ripening, an antibody-based proteomic analysis was conducted. A mega-monoclonal antibody (mAb) library was generated and arrayed on a chip (mAbArray) at a high density, covering ~4950 different proteins of peach. Through the screening of peach fruit proteins with the mAbArray chip, differentially expressed proteins recognized by 1587 mAbs were identified, and 33 corresponding antigens were ultimately identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. These proteins included not only important enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, such as ACO1, SAHH, SAMS, and MetE, but also novel factors such as NUDT2. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction analysis identified a metabolon containing SAHH and MetE. By combining the antibody-based proteomic data with the transcriptomic and metabolic data, a mathematical model of ethylene biosynthesis in peach was constructed. Simulation results showed that MetE is an important regulator during peach ripening, partially through interaction with SAHH.