bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—ENVIRONMENTAL GERONTOLOGY: PRECARIOUS AGING IN PLACE? CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON AGING IN CONTEXTS OF INSTABILITY
Authors: Finlay Jessica M , Yeh Jarmin C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Population aging and longevity in an era of immense environmental instability raises concerns about the precarity of aging and insecurity in later life. From home- and neighborhood-level insecurities to uncertainties generated by climate change or broad economic and sociopolitical upheaval across the globe, the factors contributing to instabilities relevant to older populations are heterogeneous in scale and cause. This symposium focuses on understanding older people’s needs and experiences in the context of unstable social, economic, political, and natural environments. The first paper investigates effects of socio-environmental disruption on the well-being, recovery, and resilience of older adults in Louisiana and Mississippi deeply affected by Hurricane Katrina. The second paper explores the confinement, exclusion, and loss of autonomy, as well as the creative negotiation and sociopolitical reclamation of space, among disabled older adults experiencing houselessness. The third paper discusses filmmaking with formerly homeless older adults as a method to engage marginalized individuals in community-based participatory research and better understand nuanced meanings of ‘home’. The fourth paper explores how transportation and technology can serve as both facilitators and barriers to accessibility and social connectivity among ethnically diverse low-income older adults. Altogether, the papers critically discuss novel scholarship and applied research in environmental gerontology from the micro to macro scale. The symposium inspires methodological innovation and critical research directions, and informs place-based policymaking to address diverse contexts of aging in place.
COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH FILMMAKING WITH FORMERLY HOMELESS OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Burns Victoria F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This methodological paper discusses the process of co-creating a documentary film with seven formerly homeless older adults, highlighting some of the tensions carrying out community-based participatory research (CBPR). This paper is part of a larger study that explored ‘finding home’ through a series of individual and group audio and video-recorded interviews (including walk and drive alongs) with seven adults (aged 50+) with diverse homeless histories. In addition to the main findings, participants shared their experience of filmmaking and CBPR. Findings revealed four main tensions: 1) openness of sharing stories versus privacy and anonymity; 2) balancing participation/engagement and over-burdening; 3) negotiating interpersonal conflict and community building; and 4) ethical issues surrounding copyright and ownership of the film. Ultimately, we advocate for more CBPR film projects, as they not only provide a rich contextualized window into people’s everyday lives but serve to advance the voices of marginalized populations beyond traditional academic circles.
SOCIAL HEALTH, MOBILITY, AND TECHNOLOGY: ACCESSIBILITY WITHIN AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES
Authors: Gallo Haley B , Marshall Lia W , Levy-Storms Lené , Wilber Kathleen H , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To explore how access to transportation and technology/social media influence social connectivity among an ethnically diverse group of vulnerable low-income older adults, six focus groups were conducted (N=48) in English, Spanish, and Korean at a senior services agency. Qualitative thematic analyses revealed overarching themes that fit within the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Domains of Livability. The sub-theme “barriers and facilitators to accessibility” ran through each of the overarching themes, demonstrating how specific factors of the built, social, and community health environments intersect to promote or hinder social connection. Although transportation and technology uses were linked to social engagement, challenges with the built environment and limited financial resources hindered older adults’ abilities to remain engaged in their communities, both in-person and electronically. Age-Friendly initiatives must continue to consider the community-specific barriers and facilitators for older adults to remain physically and socially connected to the community.
CAN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA MEANINGFULLY PARTICIPATE IN ADVANCE CARE PLANNING CONVERSATIONS? A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
Authors: Song Mi-Kyung , Ward Sandra , Hepburn Ken , Paul Sudeshna , Kim Hyejin , Morhardt Darby , Shah Raj C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies of advance care planning (ACP) in persons living with dementia (PLWDs) are rare. We conducted an intervention development study to adapt an efficacious ACP intervention, SPIRIT (Sharing Patient’s Illness Representations to Increase Trust), for PLWDs in early stages and their surrogates and assessed the feasibility/acceptability of the adapted SPIRIT. SPIRIT was adapted by the investigators and underwent expert panel review. The refined SPIRIT was then evaluated in a randomized trial with 23 dyads of PLWDs and their surrogates. Dyads were randomized to SPIRIT in-person (in a private room in a memory clinic) or SPIRIT remote (via videoconferencing from home). Participants completed preparedness outcome measures (dyad congruence on goals of care, patient decisional conflict, surrogate decision-making confidence) 2-3 days postintervention along with a semi-structured interview. PLWDs’ levels of articulation of end-of-life wishes during SPIRIT sessions were rated (3 = expressed wishes very coherently, 2 = somewhat coherently, 1 = unable to express wishes coherently). Fourteen PLWDs had moderate dementia, but all 23 were able to articulate their end-of-life wishes very or somewhat coherently during the SPIRIT session. While decision-making capacity was higher in PLWDs who articulated their wishes very coherently, global cognitive function did not differ by articulation levels. PLWDs and surrogates perceived SPIRIT as beneficial, but the preparedness outcomes did not change from baseline to postintervention in either group. SPIRIT for PLWDs and surrogates engaged them in meaningful ACP discussions. Further research is warranted to test its efficacy and long-term outcomes with a larger and diverse sample.
USING INNOVATIVE INTERGENERATIONAL STRATEGIES TO BOOST CAREERS IN AGING
Authors: Hanks Roma S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Educational pipelines are effective in medical education with minority student populations. The University of South Alabama has a successful medical pipeline in the NIH/NIMHD-funded USA Center of Excellence – but no formal pipeline to support entry into careers in aging. In Gerontology and Geriatrics, the preponderance of pipelines focuses on students in advanced degree programs. The need remains largely unmet to inform young students about careers and research pathways in Gerontology before career and academic plans are established. The USA Gerontology Club initiated a student-led outreach to deliver information about careers in aging and academic programs in Gerontology and Geriatrics to high schools in communities with high health disparities. The program seeks to develop peer relationships with high school students to introduce them to careers in aging and related academic opportunities. The presentation includes barriers identified and development of a multi-phased, multi-disciplinary model leading to a formal pipeline for Gerontology.
NARRATIVES ENHANCING TRAINEES’ ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING
Authors: Powers James S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We analyzed narratives from graduate students trained in aging themes who then interviewed older hospitalized adults about their life experiences. Three Discovery Fellows given a 90-minute training on open-ended interviewing, the medical care system, empathy, and aging themes derived from the Reframing Aging Program performed semi-structured interviews of 30-90 minutes. Subjects were hospitalized older veterans receiving care by an interdisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation team. Narratives were composed following the interviews and electronically uploaded to a secure site. Qualitative analysis was performed with each statement treated as a separate quote using a hierarchical coding system. A total of 774 codes were used to describe the themes present in 582 quotes. A conceptual framework from the narrative themes emerged with 5 groupings: 1) personal experience, 2) people important in life, 3) self-reflection, 4) medical condition, and 5) health maintenance. Concepts displayed included openness, compassion, and morality, as components of wisdom.
AGEISM AT WORK: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL CONSIDERATION
Authors: Vickerstaff Sarah A , van der Horst Mariska , Street Debra A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ageism at work is becoming an increasingly popular research topic. It has been claimed that ageism is a serious threat to the extending working lives agenda that is prevalent in many Western countries, including the US and many countries in the EU. In this symposium, we consider this concept from a variety of perspectives in order to better understand what ageism is as well as how it affects older workers. To get a better grip on the concept, Sarah Vickerstaff and Mariska van der Horst look at the intersectionality of this concept, by assessing its relationships with gender and disability. Clary Krekula uses the concept of age coding to look at how both age normality and ageism are constructed. Jaap Oude Mulders assesses how age-related stereotypes translate into employment preferences of employers. Hannah Swift et al., testing social psychological theories, uses results from two experiments to analyse the role of ageism in recruitment practices. This symposium is inter-disciplinary combining sociologists, social psychologists and gerontologists and further combines quantitative (Jaap Oude Mulders), qualitative (Clary Krekula, Sarah Vickerstaff, and Mariska van der Horst) and experimental (Hannah Swift) methods. Together, the papers in this symposium show various dimensions of the concept ‘ageism’ and how it affects older workers in three European countries: Sweden, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
DOING AGE AS MARGINALIZATION AND EXCLUSION: ON AGE CODING AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF AGE NORMALITIES AND AGEISM
Authors: Krekula Clary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Early definitions of ageism as prejudice, attitudes and discrimination tend to stress the cognitive aspects of the processes where groups of people are being marginalized and/or excluded because of their age. This differ from recurrent studies which emphazise social categorization such as age and gender as a dynamic social positioning practice and as a complex form of doing age as marginalization and exclusion. Based on qualitative interviews with eleven men between the ages of 56 and 74, who work with manual labour at a steel company in Sweden, this paper discusses the processes where age normality and ageism are constructed in parallel. Departing from the concept age coding; distinctive practices associating a context or a phenomenon with demarcated ages, it shows the disciplining dimension of ageism. The paper concludes with a reflection on the central position which ageism can have in neo-liberal governance by creating social insecurity among older workers.
EMPLOYERS’ AGE-RELATED NORMS, STEREOTYPES, AND AGEIST PREFERENCES IN EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Mulders Jaap Oude 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social norms about retirement timing and stereotypes about qualities of younger and older workers are pervasive, but it is unclear how they relate to employers’ ageist preferences. Analyzing 2017 survey data from 960 Dutch employers, I study effects of employers’ retirement age norms and age-related stereotypes on their preferences for younger or older workers in three employment decisions: (1) hiring a new employee; (2) offering training; and (3) offering a permanent contract. Higher retirement age norms are related to lower preferences for younger workers in all employment decisions. More positive views about older workers’ soft qualities (such as reliability), but not about hard qualities (such as physical capacities), lead to managers being more favourable towards older workers for hiring and training, but not providing a permanent contract. The results show how ageist preferences of high-level organisational actors can influence outcomes in different employment decisions at the organisational level.
GENDERED AGEISM: OLDER WORKERS’ NARRATIVES ABOUT AGE
Authors: Vickerstaff Sarah A , van der Horst Mariska F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Existing research has highlighted that ageism in the workplace may take gendered forms with women ‘never being the right age’ (Duncan & Loretto, 2004). It is further known that individuals have internalised age stereotypes and self-stereotype when being older themselves, also referred to as stereotype embodiment. In this work place based study, through analysis of older workers talk, we examine the extent to which narratives of age differ by gender and work setting. The data base includes 185 participants in five different work settings and different kinds of jobs: blue collar, white collar, managerial, manufacturing and services sectors. Whilst many of the fears about ‘being old’ at work are common across women and men there are some distinct nuances related to the kind of work that people do and others that we argue are gender based.
TO WHAT DEGREE IS AGEISM ACTUALLY DISABLEISM? A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Horst Mariska van der , Vickerstaff Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ageism has been identified as a possible threat to the extending working lives agenda that is prevalent in many Western countries. It recently became a popular topic of research, but is not yet well understood. In this article we explore to what degree ageism is actually hidden disableism. We suggest that not all ageism is likely to be disableism, but a large part is, with the difference that it is not (necessarily) about actual impairments, but expected impairments. Using data from a large case study based project in the UK (containing 185 participants), we further assess to what degree older workers link ageism to disableism in their own accounts of future work plans. We conclude that even though we would still expect ageism to affect employment of older workers, without disableism it is unlikely that ageism would be as detrimental to the employment of older workers as it is now.
WHOM WOULD YOU HIRE? AGEISM IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Swift Hannah , Dias Vanessa , Abrams Dominic 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
People want to work at older ages, yet ageism and discrimination remain a barrier. Using theories of prejudice, social role theory, and conceptual models of age diversity in organisational contexts, we explore age-bias in hiring practices (Study 1) and how to reduce it (Study 2). Study 1 (N=150) investigated pro-youth bias in hiring practices and how this manifests depending on job/occupation. Study 2 (N=150) investigated whether pro-youth bias is reduced by manipulating organisational culture. In both studies, participants were given a fictional organisation, a job ad, and two applicants’ profiles manipulated to represent men one each in their 30s and 50s. Study 1 supported the social role theory hypothesis: people match candidates to the age profile of the job. In the age-neutral job occupation participants chose equally between candidates. Study 2 supported the hypothesis that pro-youth bias can be mitigated when age-diverse nature of the organisational culture is made salient.
AGHE PROGRAM OF MERIT: HEALTH PROFESSIONS PROGRAMS OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Gugliucci Marilyn R , Weinreich Donna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 2015, the Program of Merit was expanded and adapted to implement a voluntary evaluation process for health professions programs that are choosing to integrate gerontology/geriatrics competencies in order to prepare students for working with older adults as well as their informal care partners. These programs are now eligible to apply for the Program of Merit designation. The Program of Merit for Health Professions Programs is based on the AGHE Standards and Guidelines for Gerontology/ Geriatrics in Higher Education, Sixth Edition (2015), specifically Chapters 11 and 12. This session will provide the information and support systems in place for health professions programs to be recognized with the AGHE Program of Merit designation.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS OF PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Hiatt Shirin O , Lee John , Hansen Lissi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background/aims: Similar to many chronic diseases, depression is common in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), although gender differences are less known. Understanding the burden of depression in this population may help identify at-risk patients who would benefit from early intervention. The purpose of this work, therefore, is to describe gender differences in depressive symptoms in patients with ESLD. Methods: Patient data were collected as part of a larger study (NINR: 1R01NR016017-01). Patients (≥ 21 years) diagnosed with ESLD from the outpatient hepatology clinics of two healthcare systems in Pacific Northwest completed Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Sample included 154 participants, 101 males (65.6%), average age 57 years (SD=10.92), and 53 females (34.4%), average age 55 years (SD=11.28). More than 75% of the sample (78% females and 77% males) reported at least mild depression (PHQ score ≥ 5); mean PHQ-9 scores were higher for males (M=9.26±5.86) than females (M=9.10±5.07), but were not statistically different (U=2396, p=0.99). There was no significant relationship between depression severity and gender [X2 (4, N=147)=1.90, p=0.594]. Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of depression in patients. A higher percentage of females reported mild to moderate depression and had higher clinically significant levels of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) than males, indicating females may be at a greater risk for depression. Females may, therefore, gain greater benefit from interventions to improve depressive symptoms. Future studies should examine the benefit of interventions on depression severity in this patient population.
UNIVERSAL FAMILY CARE: DECISION POINTS FOR STATES IN IMPROVING THE CARE INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH SOCIAL INSURANCE
Authors: Veghte Benjamin , Bradley Alexandra L , Cohen Marc , Hartmann Heidi , Veghte Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This report presents policy options for a new social insurance program – akin to Social Security or Medicare – that would provide an integrated approach to protecting against the risk of needing to provide or receive care across the lifespan: Universal Family Care. The program would allow individuals and families to access caregiving supports at various points throughout the life course, from the arrival of a child to end-of-life care for a family member or oneself. The program covers three specific caregiving needs: long-term services and supports, paid leave, and early child care and education. This report identifies key design questions for states to consider in crafting a UFC program, outlines a range of vetted approaches, and describes the building blocks and tradeoffs involved. This analysis was developed during a year of deliberations by a Study Panel of 30 experts in care policies from a variety of perspectives.
FRAILTY
Authors: Addison Odessa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The ability to safely maintain mobility function with aging is critical as immobility and falls are among the top reasons for long-term care admissions. One potential cause for these functional deficits are muscle composition changes resulting in reductions in muscle mass, strength and power, ultimately contributing to the development of frailty. While the majority of work examining muscle composition and mobility changes with aging have focused on the quadriceps and ankle plantarflexor/dorsiflexor muscles, accumulating evidence suggests that deficits involving the proximal hip muscles may be particularly harmful to balance and mobility functions leading to falls, hip fractures, and frailty. We will discuss muscle changes that occur with aging and frailty, the implications on mobility, and the effects of potential exercise interventions on muscle structure and function as well as their ability to improve functional mobility.
AEROBIC TRAINING, THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK, AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Crockett Rachel A , Hsu Chun Liang , Barha Cindy , Hsiung Ging-Yuek Robin , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aerobic training has been shown to be effective at improving cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults with mild subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI). However, uncertainty remains regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise elicits these improvements in cognition. Increased aberrant functional connectivity of the default mode network has been highlighted as a factor contributing to cognitive decline in older adults with cognitive impairment. Greater connectivity of the DMN at rest is associated with poorer performance on attention-demanding tasks, indicative of a lack of ability to deactivate the network on task. Our previous work on a randomized controlled trial of participants with mild SIVCI, demonstrated that 6-months of thrice weekly aerobic training led to improved global cognitive function, as measured by Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), compared with a health education program. Thus, we conducted secondary analyses to investigate whether these changes in global cognitive function were associated with changes in resting state DMN connectivity. A subsample of 21 participants underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before and after trial completion. Change in resting state DMN connectivity was found to significantly predict change in ADAS-Cog score (β = -.442, p=.038) after controlling for age, intervention group, and baseline functional capacity (R2=.467, F(4,16)= 3.507, p=.031). These findings suggest that functional connectivity of the DMN may underlie changes in global cognitive function. Furthermore, aerobic exercise is a promising intervention by which to elicit these changes in older adults with mild SIVCI.