bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIWAS
Authors: Hui Joshua , Knoop Sarah , Schwarz Peter 
Published: June 2020

The information contained in large collections of clinical data can be used for many valuable purposes, such as epidemiological studies, evidence-based medicine, monitoring compliance with best clinical practices, and cost-benefit analyses. However, the emerging standards for the electronic representation of clinical data, such as the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) [4], are very complex and new tools are required to effectively extract and utilize the information contained in these documents.
In this paper, we present HIWAS, a research prototype of a new tool that creates a structural summary of a collection of XML documents, thereby enabling users to find relevant information for a specific purpose within complex XML documents. A HIWAS user can create a target model that contains just the information they need, in a simplified representation that can be queried efficiently and is compatible with existing relational business intelligence technology. By making these complex XML documents digestible with conventional tools, HIWAS lowers a key barrier to meaningful use of aggregated clinical data.
CrowdDB
Authors: Feng Amber , Franklin Michael , Kossmann Donald , Kraska Tim , Madden Samuel , Ramesh Sukriti , Wang Andrew , Xin Reynold 
Published: June 2020

Databases often give incorrect answers when data are missing or semantic understanding of the data is required. Processing such queries requires human input for providing the missing information, for performing computationally difficult functions, and for matching, ranking, or aggregating results based on fuzzy criteria. In this demo we present CrowdDB, a hybrid database system that automatically uses crowdsourcing to integrate human input for processing queries that a normal database system cannot answer.
CrowdDB uses SQL both as a language to ask complex queries and as a way to model data stored electronically and provided by human input. Furthermore, queries are automatically compiled and optimized. Special operators provide user interfaces in order to integrate and cleanse human input. Currently CrowdDB supports two crowdsourcing platforms: Amazon Mechanical Turk and our own mobile phone platform. During the demo, the mobile platform will allow the VLDB crowd to participate as workers and help answer otherwise impossible queries.
Guided interaction
Authors: Nandi Arnab , Jagadish H. V. 
Published: June 2020

Many decades of research, coupled with continuous increases in computing power, have enabled highly efficient execution of queries on large databases. In consequence, for many databases, far more time is spent by users formulating queries than by the system evaluating them. It stands to reason that, looking at the overall query experience we provide users, we should pay attention to how we can assist users in the holistic process of obtaining the information they desire from the database, and not just the constituent activity of efficiently generating a result given a complete precise query.
In this paper, we examine the conventional query-result paradigm employed by databases and demonstrate challenges encountered when following this paradigm for an information seeking task. We recognize that the process of query specification itself is a major stumbling block. With current computational abilities, we are at a point where we can make use of the data in the database to aid in this process.

To this end, we propose a new paradigm,
guided interaction
, to solve the noted challenges, by using interaction to guide the user through the query formulation, query execution and result examination processes. The user can be given advance information during query specification that can not only assist in query formulation, but may also lead to abandonment of an unproductive query direction or the satisfaction of information need even before the query specification is complete. There are significant engineering challenges to constructing the system we envision, and the technological building blocks to address these challenges exist today.
Cystinuria: urine sediment as a diagnostic test
Authors: Pierna María , Abdelgabar Mohamed , Fernández-Rivas Raquel , Fernández-Burriel Miguel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To demonstrate the importance of carrying out the urinary sediment study with the correct interpretation and crystals typification as a clinical laboratory diagnostic tool, as well as the elaboration of protocols that determine the need to realize this type of microscopic urinary sediment examination routinely.

Case presentation
Elderly male patient with no personal or family history of interest that presented with left iliac fossa fixed and non-irradiated pain lasting three days. This is the first time that he suffered pain episodes of this type. The urine analysis reveals proteinuria, hematuria and the sediment shows abundant flat and hexagonal crystals, typical of cystine. Amino acid analysis confirms the finding, showing high dibasic amino acids and cystine concentrations.

Conclusions
The study of the urinary sediment by the clinical laboratory reveals the presence of a case of cystinuria due to the appearance of their pathognomonic crystals at an advanced age and without a previous history. The case reported in this paper is of interest for clinical laboratory practice, as it demonstrates the utility of urine sediment examination in the diagnosis of a genetic disease that manifests as a simple renal colic.
Tantalum doped SiO2-CaO-P2O5 based bioactive glasses: Investigation of in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial activities
Authors: Tabia Zakaria , Akhtach Sihame , Mabrouk Khalil El , Bricha Meriame , Nouneh Khalid , Ballamurugan Anbalagan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultifunctionality can be achieved for bioactive glasses by endowing them with multiple other properties along with bioactivity. One way to address this topic is by doping these glasses with therapeutic metallic ions. In this work, we put under investigation a series of bioactive glasses doped with tantalum. We aim to study the effect of tantalum, on the structure, bioactivity and antibacterial property of a ternary bioactive glass composition based on SiO2-CaO-P2O5. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Scanning Microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the structural and morphological properties of these glasses and monitor their changes after in vitro acellular bioactivity test. Antibacterial activity was tested against gram positive and negative bacteria. Characterization results confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate crystallites along with the amorphous silica matrix. The assessment of bioactivity in SBF indicated that all compositions showed a fast bioactive response after only six hours of immersion period. However, analytical characterization revealed that tantalum introduced a slight latency in hydroxyapatite deposition at higher concentrations (0.8-1 %mol). Antibacterial test showed that tantalum ions had an inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. This effect was more pronounced in compositions where mol% of tantalum is superior to 0.4%. These results proved that tantalum could be used, in intermediate proportions, as a promising multifunctional dopant element in bioactive glasses for bone regeneration applications.
Operational considerations and challenges of biochemistry laboratories during the COVID-19 outbreak: an IFCC global survey
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Horvath Andrea Rita , Wang Cheng-Bin , Koch David , Adeli Khosrow , Mancini Nicasio , Ferrari Maurizio , Hawkins Robert , Sethi Sunil , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 conducted a global survey to understand how biochemistry laboratories manage the operational challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and methods
An electronic survey was distributed globally to record the operational considerations to mitigate biosafety risks in the laboratory. Additionally, the laboratories were asked to indicate the operational challenges they faced.

Results
A total of 1210 valid submissions were included in this analysis. Most of the survey participants worked in hospital laboratories. Around 15% of laboratories restricted certain tests on patients with clinically suspected or confirmed COVID-19 over biosafety concerns. Just over 10% of the laboratories had to restrict their test menu or services due to resource constraints. Approximately a third of laboratories performed temperature monitoring, while two thirds of laboratories increased the frequency of disinfection. Just less than 50% of the laboratories split their teams. The greatest reported challenge faced by laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic is securing sufficient supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), analytical equipment, including those used at the point of care, as well as reagents, consumables and other laboratory materials. This was followed by having inadequate staff, managing their morale, anxiety and deployment.

Conclusions
The restriction of tests and services may have undesirable clinical consequences as clinicians are deprived of important information to deliver appropriate care to their patients. Staff rostering and biosafety concerns require longer-term solutions as they are crucial for the continued operation of the laboratory during what may well be a prolonged pandemic.
Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Li Hongya , Yan Biao , Ma Yajun , Ma Xiangrong , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhao Binxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by cation-exchange resin 001 × 7 was studied in a batch system. The adsorbent dosage, shaking speed, and adsorption temperature were investigated. An adsorption efficiency of more than 99.4% was obtained under optimal conditions. The kinetic data evaluated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data better than those evaluated by the pseudo-first-order model. The rate constant k2 increased when the temperature increased, indicating the adsorption was endothermic in nature. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data, and it was found that the experimental data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔG0), free energy change (ΔH0), and entropy change (ΔS0), were calculated. The value of ΔG0 was found to be in the range of −5.09 to −14.20 kJ mol−1, indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous and basically physisorption, and the positive values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 exhibited that the adsorption was endothermic and the randomness of the system increased during the adsorption.
Comparison of Optimization-Modelling Methods for Metabolites Production inEscherichia coli
Authors: Lee Mee K. , Mohamad Mohd Saberi , Choon Yee Wen , Mohd Daud Kauthar , Nasarudin Nurul Athirah , Ismail Mohd Arfian , Ibrahim Zuwairie , Napis Suhaimi , Sinnott Richard O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe metabolic network is the reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of an organism that is used to represent the interaction between enzymes and metabolites in genome level. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering is a process that modifies the metabolic network of a cell to increase the production of metabolites. However, the metabolic networks are too complex that cause problem in identifying near-optimal knockout genes/reactions for maximizing the metabolite’s production. Therefore, through constraint-based modelling, various metaheuristic algorithms have been improvised to optimize the desired phenotypes. In this paper, PSOMOMA was compared with CSMOMA and ABCMOMA for maximizing the production of succinic acid inE. coli. Furthermore, the results obtained from PSOMOMA were validated with results from the wet lab experiment.
Schillers zwei Arten der Freiheit. Eine ästhetische Transformation von Reinholds Theorie der Willensfreiheit
Authors: Bondeli Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn his treatment of a Kantian concept of moral freedom, Schiller argues for two kinds of freedom: freedom in the spirit of autonomous practical reason and freedom in which man is considered a mixed (sensual and rational) being. It is apparent that Schiller is on a Reinholdian path. He follows Reinhold’s theory of free will in conceiving of moral freedom primarily as the capacity to decide between the material drive as a sensible, self-interested drive and the formal drive as a rational, unselfish drive. But it is also obvious that Schiller modifies Reinhold’s results in order to obtain a concept of aesthetic freedom. This project is important in view of a deeper understanding of the concept of aesthetic consciousness but is of little use in achieving a better understanding of the concept of moral freedom.
Zinc biofortification as an innovative technology to alleviate the zinc deficiency in human health: a review
Authors: Bhatt Rajan , Hossain Akbar , Sharma Pardeep 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPaddy-wheat crop rotation is responsible for declining soil health, underground water table, arising new micronutrient deficiencies, new weed flora, and resistance to herbicides, declining both land and water productivity and is claimed to be capital and energy-intensive, more particularly in emerging countries. This is further aggravated when micronutrients are deficient, particularly zinc (Zn), which plays an important role in human health, especially in developing countries. Zn biofortification is a technique in which the inherent Zn status of the edible portion of plants is improved by simply spraying a Zn solution onto the crop or through a soil application at a predetermined stage and a proper dose. The concentration of Zn within a wheat grain is genotype-dependent and interacts with the environment, inducing variation in a grain’s concentration of micronutrients. Grain quality parameters are positively correlated with a higher dose of nitrogen in the late reproductive stage. Broadcasting of ZnSO4·7H2O at 62.5 kg ha−1and foliar application of Zn chelates such as Zn–HEDP (C) at 2 g L−1, Zn–HEDP (L) at 3 g L−1, or a 0.4–0.5% ZnSO4solution during grain development stage enhanced the growth, productivity, and micronutrients concentration in the edible portion of the plant which further improves the quality of wheat grains and ultimately improves human health in the region. Given the central importance to Zn in cereal-based nutrition, zinc biofortification appears as an innovative technology to alleviate the zinc deficiency in human health, especially on the Indian subcontinent, by applying Zn either as a foliar or soil application.
Kriege und Kriegsgefahren im kommenden Jahrzehnt
Authors: Krause Joachim 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der Vorhersage von Kriegen und deren wahrscheinlichen Verläufen. Zwar lassen sich Kriege in den seltensten Fällen konkret vorhersagen, aber anhand von zwei bereits von Clausewitz genannten Indikatoren kann man zumindest eine erhöhte Kriegswahrscheinlichkeit feststellen: wenigstens ein Akteur muss den Willen zum Krieg aufweisen und er muss die dazu benötigten Rüstungsaufwendungen tätigen. Auch lassen sich Abläufe von Kriegen in Kenntnis der vorhandenen Waffen und Doktrinen auf mögliche Szenarien reduzieren. Der Beitrag gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass im nächsten Jahrzehnt ein großer Krieg am ehesten um die Kontrolle von Taiwan ausbrechen könnte oder um die Verfügungsgewalt des Irans über Kernwaffen. Zudem muss mit regional begrenzten Kriegen in Europa gerechnet werden, die von Russland ausgehen. Das denkbar unangenehmste Szenario würde eintreten, wenn Russland und China sich verabreden zum gleichen Zeitpunkt regionale Kriege an ihren Peripherien anzufangen.
Structure study of the chalcogens and chalcogenides by X-ray absorption fine structure
Authors: Ikemoto Hiroyuki , Miyanaga Takafumi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this review, we make a survey of the structure studies for the chalcogen elements and several chalcogenides in liquid, amorphous and nanosized state by using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The chalcogen elements have hierarchic structures; the chain structure constructed with the strong covalent bond as a primary structure, and the weaker interaction between chains as a secondary one. Existence of these two kinds of interactions induces exotic behaviors in the liquid, amorphous and nanosized state of the chalcogen and chalcogenides. XAFS is a powerful structure analysis technique for multi-element systems and the disordered materials, so it is suitable for the study of such as liquid, amorphous and nanosized mixtures. In section 2, the structures for the liquid state are discussed, which show the interesting semiconductor-metal transition depending on their temperatures and components. In section 3, the structure for the amorphous states are discussed. Especially, some of chalcogens and chalcogenides present the photostructural change, which is important industrial application. In section 4, the structures of nanosized state, nanoparticles and isolated chain confined into the narrow channel, are discussed. The studies of the nanoparticle and the isolated chain reveal the alternative role between the intrachain covalent bonds and the interchain interaction.
GFR in Healthy Aging: an Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Iohexol Clearance in European Population-Based Cohorts
Authors: Eriksen Bjørn O. , Palsson Runolfur , Ebert Natalie , Melsom Toralf , van der Giet Markus , Gudnason Vilmundur , Indridason Olafur S. , Inker Lesley A. , Jenssen Trond G. , Levey Andrew S. , Solbu Marit D. , Tighiouart Hocine , Schaeffner Elke 
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement
In populations, mean GFR is lower in older age, but whether healthy aging is associated with preserved rather than lower GFR in some individuals is unknown. In a meta-analysis of three large European-based cohorts, the authors investigated the cross-sectional association of being healthy (defined as having no major chronic disease or risk factors for CKD), age, and iohexol clearance measurements. The mean and the 97.5th percentile of the GFR distribution were higher in older persons who were healthy than in those who were unhealthy, but lower than in middle-aged people who were healthy. The GFR-age association was more negative in women than in men. These results suggest that, although being healthy is associated with higher GFR in old age, healthy aging is probably not associated with preserved GFR in old age.

Background
Population mean GFR is lower in older age, but it is unknown whether healthy aging is associated with preserved rather than lower GFR in some individuals.

Methods
We investigated the cross-sectional association between measured GFR, age, and health in persons aged 50–97 years in the general population through a meta-analysis of iohexol clearance measurements in three large European population-based cohorts. We defined a healthy person as having no major chronic disease or risk factors for CKD and all others as unhealthy. We used a generalized additive model to study GFR distribution by age according to health status.

Results
There were 935 (22%) GFR measurements in persons who were healthy and 3274 (78%) in persons who were unhealthy. The mean GFR was lower in older age by −0.72 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.96 to −0.48) for men who were healthy versus −1.03 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (95% CI, −1.25 to −0.80) for men who were unhealthy, and by −0.92 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (95% CI, −1.14 to −0.70) for women who were healthy versus −1.22 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (95% CI, −1.43 to −1.02) for women who were unhealthy. For healthy and unhealthy people of both sexes, both the 97.5th and 2.5th GFR percentiles exhibited a negative linear association with age.

Conclusions
Healthy aging is associated with a higher mean GFR compared with unhealthy aging. However, both the mean and 97.5 percentiles of the GFR distribution are lower in older persons who are healthy than in middle-aged persons who are healthy. This suggests that healthy aging is not associated with preserved GFR in old age.
A ciência e o sujeito da psicanálise
Authors: Cabral André Fernando Gil Alcon 
Published: June 2020

Este escrito visa debater em que medida o sujeito com o qual a psicanálise opera pode ser visto como o sujeito da ciência. Primeiramente, retomamos a influência de Galileu e Descartes para compreender o formalismo matemático da ciência moderna. No racionalismo, o cogito representa a reciprocidade entre o ser matemático e a verdade. Em seguida, interpretamos o conceito de sujeito como exclusão interna ao objeto a, pois, trata-se de sustentar o sujeito como incalculável. Eis, que a partir de uma torção na própria ciência moderna, o autor apresenta a verdade como causa da ciência psicanalítica. Veremos que Lacan formaliza a causa material pela divisão entre saber e verdade.
Pratiques De Tableaux De Bord Dans Les PME : Une Etude Des Caracteristiques Et Raisons Dâ€™utilisation En CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: Seydou Tuo KatiÃ©nÃ©foa 
Published: June 2020

Lâ€™objectif de cet article est de comprendre les caractÃ©ristiques des tableaux de bord des PME ivoiriennes et les raisons de leur utilisation. Une Ã©tude qualitative exploratoire sur un Ã©chantillon de 21 PME rÃ©vÃ¨le diverses caractÃ©ristiques et raisons dâ€™utilisations ou non des tableaux de bord. Les rÃ©sultats ont montrÃ© deux types dâ€™entreprises. Celles dont les dirigeants affirment utiliser un TDB et celles dont les dirigeants ne lâ€™utilisent pas Ã priori. Pour les premiÃ¨res entreprises, les tableaux de bord utilisÃ©s sont rÃ©actifs avec une frÃ©quence de production pouvant aller du mensuel Ã lâ€™annÃ©e. Et un dÃ©lai dâ€™un jour en temps rÃ©el Ã un mois. Ils sont utilisÃ©s pour le suivi des activitÃ©s, entrainer la compÃ©tition entre les employÃ©s, lâ€™efficacitÃ© et lâ€™obligation de rÃ©sultat et la cohÃ©sion entre la hiÃ©rarchie et les opÃ©rationnels. Pour lessecondes entreprises, contrairement Ã lâ€™affirmation des membres des Ã©quipes dirigeantes enquÃªtÃ©s, le TDB existe sous forme physique en compte de rÃ©sultat ou sous forme invisible dans le cognitif du dirigeant. Ils perÃ§oivent lâ€™outil comme rÃ©servÃ© aux grandes entreprises, au dÃ©veloppement de leur activitÃ©. Les pratiques informelles coexistent avec les pratiques formelles. Ce rapport serait en partie lâ€™effet des empreintes de la culture dâ€™oralitÃ© des peuples africains.
The purpose of this article is to understand the forms that dashboards take in an SME context and the reasons for their use. A qualitative exploratory study on a sample of 21 SMEs reveals various forms and reasons for using dashboards or not. The results showed two types of businesses. Those whose leaders claim to use a dashboards and those who do not use it a priori. For the first companies, the dashboards used are reactive with a production frequency that can range from monthly to year. And from one day in real time to one month. They are used for monitoring activities, training competition between employees, efficiency and the obligation to achieve results, and cohesion between the hierarchy and operational staff. For the second companies, contrary to the assertion of the members of the surveyed management teams, this exists in physical form in income statement or in invisible form in the managerâ€™s cognitive. They perceive the tool as reserved for large companies, for the development of their activity. Informal practices coexist with formal practices. This report would be in part the effect of the imprints of the oral culture of the African peoples.