bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting quality of end-of-life hospital care - a qualitative analysis of free text comments from the i-CODE survey in Norway
Authors: Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Sigurdardottir Katrin Ruth , Kvikstad Anne , Mayland Catriona R. , Schaufel Margrethe Aase ,   on behalf of the ERANet-LAC CODE project group, Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Sigurdardottir Katrin Ruth , Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Leppert Wojciech , Wolszczak Katarzyna , Yanneo Eduardo Garcia , Tripodoro Vilma , Goldraij Gabriel , Weber Martin , Gerlach Christina , Zambon Lair , Passarini Juliana Nalin , Saad Ivete Bredda , Ellershaw John , Ting Grace , Mayland Catriona , Kvikstad Anne , Gravdahl Eva , Bratke Julia , Bakken Janet , Guldhav Kristin Vassbotn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The ERANet-LAC CODE (Care Of the Dying Evaluation) international survey assessed quality of care for dying cancer patients in seven countries, by use of the i-CODE questionnaire completed by bereaved relatives. The aim of this sub study was to explore which factors improve or reduce quality of end-of-life (EOL) care from Norwegian relatives’ point of view, as expressed in free text comments.

Methods
194 relatives of cancer patients dying in seven Norwegian hospitals completed the i-CODE questionnaire 6–8 weeks after bereavement; recruitment period 14 months; response rate 58%. Responders were similar to non-responders in terms of demographic details.104 participants (58% spouse/partner) added free text comments, which were analyzed by systematic text condensation.

Results
Of the 104 comments, 45% contained negative descriptions, 27% positive and 23% mixed. 78% described previous experiences, whereas 22% alluded to the last 2 days of life. 64% of the comments represented medical/surgical/oncological wards and 36% palliative care units. Four main categories were developed from the free text comments: 1) Participants described how attentive care towards the practical needs of patients and relatives promoted dignity at the end of life, which could easily be lost when this awareness was missing. 2) They experienced that lack of staff, care continuity, professional competence or healthcare service coordination caused uncertainty and poor symptom alleviation. 3) Inadequate information to patient and family members generated unpredictable and distressing final illness trajectories. 4) Availability and professional support from healthcare providers created safety and enhanced coping in a difficult situation.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that hospitals caring for cancer patients at the end of life and their relatives, should systematically identify and attend to practical needs, as well as address important organizational issues. Education of staff members ought to emphasize how professional conduct and communication fundamentally affect patient care and relatives’ coping.
Milan criteria in the MELD era—is it justifiable to extend the limits for orthotopic liver transplantation?
Authors: Morgul Mehmet Haluk , Felgendreff Philipp , Kienlein Andreas , Gauger Ulrich , Semmling Katrin , Hau Hans-Michael , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Bartels Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The Milan criteria (MC) are widely used for the indication of liver transplantation (LTx) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Good long-term results have also been reported following LTx for patients exceeding the MC. In this article, we compare the overall and recurrence-free survival of our patients fulfilling and exceeding the MC according to the post-transplant histopathological results.

Patients and methods
Data from 120 patients with HCC (22 females and 98 males) were analyzed. The median patient age was 61 years (Q1, Q3 54.7, 65.4), and the median MELD score was 11 (Q1, Q3 8, 15). The median follow-up period was 53 months (Q1, Q3 16.6, 78). Patients were categorized into established criteria (MC, up-to-seven (UTS), Asan criteria, AFP score), and the outcome of the individual groups was compared.

Results
Seventy-four of 120 patients fulfilled the MC, 86 patients met the UTS criteria, 85 patients fulfilled the Asan criteria, and 79 patients had an AFP score less than or equal to 2. The 1- and 5-year survival rates of all patients were 76.7% and 55.6%, respectively. In total, 14.2% of all patients (5.4% of patients who met the MC, 7% of patients who met the UTS criteria, 5.9% of patients who met the Asan criteria, and 6.3% of patients who had an AFP score less than 2) experienced recurrence.

Conclusions
The outcomes of the patients were comparable to those reported in the current literature. In our population, similar recurrence and survival rates of the patients were noted for patients fulfilling the UTS criteria irrespective of fulfilling or exceeding the MC. Consequently, we consider using UTS criteria as the extended criterion for LTx indication.
TREM2 ectodomain and its soluble form in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yang Jiaolong , Fu Zhihui , Zhang Xingyu , Xiong Min , Meng Lanxia , Zhang Zhentao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a receptor mainly expressed on the surface of microglia. It mediates multiple pathophysiological processes in various diseases. Recently, TREM2 has been found to play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TREM2 is a transmembrane protein that is specifically expressed on microglia in the brain. It contains a long ectodomain that directly interacts with the extracellular environment to regulate microglial function. The ectodomain of TREM2 is processed by a disintegrin and metalloprotease, resulting in the release of a soluble form of TREM2 (sTREM2). Recent studies have demonstrated that sTREM2 is a bioactive molecule capable of binding ligands, activating microglia, and regulating immune responses during the AD continuum. Clinical studies revealed that sTREM2 level is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients, and the sTREM2 level is positively correlated with the levels of classical CSF biomarkers, namely t-tau and p-tau, indicating that it is a reliable predictor of the early stages of AD. Herein, we summarize the key results on the generation, structure, and function of sTREM2 to provide new insights into TREM2-related mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and to promote the development of TREM2-based therapeutic strategy.
The polyphenol-rich extract from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) modulates gut microbiota and improves lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Zhu Yue , Zhang Jia-ying , Wei Yu-long , Hao Jing-yi , Lei Yu-qing , Zhao Wan-bin , Xiao Yu-hang , Sun Ai-dong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays a critical role in obesity and lipid metabolism disorder. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) are rich in polyphenols with various physiological and pharmacological activities. We determined serum physiological parameters and fecal microbial components by using related kits, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing every 10 days. Real-time PCR analysis was used to measure gene expression of bile acids (BAs) and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissues. We analyzed the effects of different Chokeberry polyphenol (CBPs) treatment time on obesity and lipid metabolism in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The results indicated that CBPs treatment prevents obesity, liver steatosis and improves dyslipidemia in HFD-fed rats. CBPs modulated the composition of the gut microbiota with the extended treatment time, reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Akkermansia and other bacterial species associated with anti-obesity properties. We found that CBPs treatment gradually decreased the total BAs pool and particularly reduced the relative content of cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and enhanced the relative content of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). These changes were positively correlated Bacteroides, Prevotella and negatively correlated with Clostridium, Eubacterium, Ruminococcaceae. In liver and white adipose tissues, the gene expression of lipogenesis, lipolysis and BAs metabolism were regulated after CBPs treatment in HFD-fed rats, which was most likely mediated through FXR and TGR-5 signaling pathway to improve lipid metabolism. In addition, the mRNA expression of PPARγ, UCP1 and PGC-1α were upregulated markedly in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) after CBPs treatment. We confirmed that CBPs could reduce the body weight of HFD-fed rats by accelerating energy homeostasis and thermogenesis in iBAT. Finally, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment results demonstrated that FMT from CBPs-treated rats failed to reduce the weight of HFD-fed rats. However, FMT from CBPs-treated rats improved dyslipidemia and reshaped gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, CBPs treatment improved obesity and complications by regulating gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. The gut microbiota plays an important role in BAs metabolism after CBPs treatment, and BAs have therefore emerged as major effectors in microbe-host signaling events that influence host lipid metabolism, energy metabolism and thermogenesis.
Density and size of lymphoid follicles are useful clues in differentiating primary intestinal follicular lymphoma from intestinal reactive lymphoid hyperplasia
Authors: Li Hsin-Ni , Wang Ren Ching , Chen Jun-Peng , Chang Sheng-Tsung , Chuang Shih-Sung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary intestinal follicular lymphoma (PI-FL) is a rare and indolent lymphoma and is challenging for diagnosis with endoscopic biopsy specimens. Whole slide imaging (WSI) has been increasingly used for assisting pathologic diagnosis, but not for lymphoma yet, probably because there are usually too many immunostained sections in a single case. In this study we attempted to identify morphological clues of PI-FL in the endoscopic biopsy specimens by measuring various parameters using WSI.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 21 PI-FL cases, and scanned the HE sections from 17 of these cases with endoscopic biopsy specimens. Sections from 17 intestinal biopsies showing reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were scanned for comparison. The density and diameter of lymphoid follicles and the shortest distance of these follicles to the surface epithelia were measured on WSI. Comparisons of the aforementioned parameters were made between the neoplastic and reactive follicles.ResultsThe density of follicles was significantly higher in PI-FL than that of reactive hyperplasia (median 0.5 vs. 0.2/mm2;p < 0.01). Furthermore, the neoplastic follicles were significantly larger (median diameter 756.9 vs. 479.7 μm;p < 0.01). The shortest distance of follicles to the surface epithelia tended to be closer in PI-FL (104.7 vs. 177.8 μm,p = 0.056), but not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this study we found that in PI-FL the density and diameter of lymphoid follicles as measured from WSI were significantly different from that of intestinal reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. When facing the diagnostic challenge between these two entities in routine practice, pathologists might be alerted by these morphological clues and request for immunohistochemistry for differential diagnosis.
Publication of data collection forms from NHLBI funded sickle cell disease implementation consortium (SCDIC) registry
Authors: Glassberg Jeffrey A. , Linton Elizabeth A. , Burson Katrina , Hendershot Tabitha , Telfair Joseph , Kanter Julie , Gordeuk Victor R. , King Allison A. , Melvin Cathy L. , Shah Nirmish , Hankins Jane S. , Epié Axel Yannick , Richardson Lynne D. ,   for the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder affecting approximately 100,000 Americans and 3.1 million people globally. The scarcity of relevant knowledge and experience with rare diseases creates a unique need for cooperation and infrastructure to overcome challenges in translating basic research advances into clinical advances. Despite registry initiatives in SCD, the unavailability of descriptions of the selection process and copies of final data collection tools, coupled with incomplete representation of the SCD population hampers further research progress. This manuscript describes the SCDIC (Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium) Registry development and makes the SCDIC Registry baseline and first follow-up data collection forms available for other SCD research efforts.

Results
Study data on 2400 enrolled patients across eight sites was stored and managed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Standardized data collection instruments, recruitment and enrollment were refined through consensus of consortium sites. Data points included measures taken from a variety of validated sources (PHENX, PROMIS and others). Surveys were directly administered by research staff and longitudinal follow-up was coordinated through the DCC. Appended registry forms track medical records, event-related patient invalidation, pregnancy, lab reporting, cardiopulmonary and renal functions.

Conclusions
The SCDIC Registry strives to provide an accurate, updated characterization of the adult and adolescent SCD population as well as standardized, validated data collecting tools to guide evidence-based research and practice.
Extra-adrenal, non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma presenting with acute abdomen: a case report
Authors: Mirsharifi Alireza , Vasei Mohammad , Sadeghian Ehsan , Ghorbani-Abdehgah Ali , Naybandi Atashi Sara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy, with 43% being non-functional. These may arise from adrenal rest anywhere in the embryonic pathway of the adrenal glands. In the context of extra-adrenal and retroperitoneal tumors, the exact pathologic diagnosis is challenging. The case reported here, to the best of our knowledge, is the seventh reported case of extra-adrenal non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma.

Case presentation
We report a case of extra-adrenal non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma in a 15-year-old Persian boy who presented with an acute abdomen. He underwent surgical resection. Pathologic findings based on immunohistochemistry and cellular morphology confirmed adrenocortical carcinoma. He was treated with mitotane for 24 months. During a follow-up period of 30 months, no recurrence or metastases were found.

Conclusion
Despite the rarity of extra-adrenal adrenocortical carcinoma, presentation with an acute abdomen may occur, and the tumor may be found anywhere in the adrenal embryonic pathway. On the other hand, tumor behavior and prognosis in children may be different from what we expect in adults.
Common variants in LAMC1 confer risk for pelvic organ prolapse in Chinese population
Authors: Chen Juan , Li Lei , Lang Jinghe , Zhu Lan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects around 15% of postmenopausal women in China. Although it has been widely accepted that genetic variants could confer risk for POP, the genetic susceptibility variants remain largely unknown. Previous studies indicated that LAMC1, which encodes the laminin gamma 1 chain and is critical for extracellular matrix, might be a susceptibility gene for POP. The study is to test the correlation of common variants across the LAMC1 gene with POP susceptibility in Chinese population.

Methods
A total of 396 individuals, including 161 unrelated patients of POP and 235 healthy controls, were recruited. Ten SNPs, including rs20558, rs20563, rs10911193, rs6424889, rs10911241, rs3768617, rs12073936, rs729819, rs10911214 and rs869133, of LAMC1, were genotyped using standard Sanger sequencing. The UNPHASED program (version 3.1.5) was used to analyze the genotyping data for allelic and genotypic associations.

Results
SNP rs10911241 was significantly associated with POP risk (χ2 = 10.70, P = 1.1 E-03). The minor allele (rs10911241-G) carriers exhibited an increased risk of the disease (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.24–2.36).

Conclusion
Association of LAMC1 with POP risk in Chinese population strongly supported the involvement of LAMC1 in POP development.
Safety and Acceptability of Thermal Ablation for Treatment of Human Papillomavirus Among Women Living With HIV in Western Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Osongo Cirilus Ogollah , Ambaka Jeniffer , Randa Magdalene A. , Omoto Jackton , Cohen Craig R. , Huchko Megan 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE The WHO now recommends thermal ablation as an alternative to cryotherapy within “screen-and-treat” cervical cancer programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a safety and acceptability clinical trial of thermal ablation in a Kenyan Ministry of Health hospital among women living with HIV (WLWH; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04191967 ). METHODS Between August 2019 and February 2020, WLWH age 25-65 years underwent human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection in western Kenya. HPV-positive women underwent visual inspection with acetic acid, biopsy, and treatment with thermal ablation performed by a nonphysician clinician, if eligible by standard guidelines. A questionnaire was administered after treatment to assess for pain and treatment acceptability. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated 4-6 weeks after treatment with a standardized grading tool. RESULTS A total of 293 HPV-positive WLWH underwent thermal ablation in the study period. The mean age was 40.4 years (standard deviation, 8.7 years). After treatment, 15 (5.1%), 231 (78.8%), 42 (14.3%), and 5 (1.8%) reported none, mild, moderate, and severe pain with treatment, respectively. At follow-up, spotting, vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain were reported by 99 (37.8%), 258 (98.5%), and 46 (17.6%), respectively, for a median of 3.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2-3), 14 (IQR, 7-21), and 7 (IQR, 3-7) days, respectively. Most participants graded their AEs as mild (grade 1): 94 (95.0%) for bleeding, 125 (48.5%) for vaginal discharge, and 37 (80.4%) for pelvic pain. No grade 3 or 4 AEs were reported. The vast majority (99.2%) were satisfied with the treatment and would recommend it to a friend. CONCLUSION Thermal ablation performed by nonphysicians in the public health sector in Kenya proved safe and highly acceptable in treating HPV-positive WLWH.
Scientific basis for the use of psychological influence in personnel work
Authors: Sepiashvili Ekaterina , Rozikov Manuchehr , Aydarmamadov Ruzador 
Published: July 2020

The problem of psychological influence on people is relevant for research both in theoretical and applied terms. A significant increase in interest in the study of communication processes is one of the characteristic features of the development of the modern world. Projects are being carried out in the course of which the features of communication in the educational, industrial, official, political and other social spheres are studied. At present, several methodological approaches that have formed in science can be identified in which the phenomenon of “manipulation” is understood differently.
The paper presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of psychological influence, outlines the guidelines of the studies carried out to date on this issue. Existing theories and methodologies dictate a different understanding of how to relate to manipulations, how to work with manipulative behavior, what is considered an effective solution to the problem of manipulation. In the broadest sense, manipulation is any personal influence on someone or something.
As part of the writing of the article, an empirical study of employees and managers of personnel services of organizations was conducted. The subjects were 50 people aged 22 to 45 years, organizations and enterprises whose profession is of the type “person-person”, because the tendency to manipulate in this case is especially strong. Based on the study, among all the psychological manipulations in the professional activities of the personnel service, nine methods of psychological manipulations (constructive and destructive) created in the course of professional activity were identified.
Minería ilegal aurífera en la Amazonia colombiana: impactos sociales, ambientales y su relación con los cultivos de uso ilícito, a partir del estudio de caso de San José del Fragua, Caquetá
Authors: Romero Peñuela Natalia , Ríos Monroy Julián Camilo , Güiza Suárez Leonardo 
Published: July 2020

Las características geográficas de la Amazonía colombiana, sumadas a las dificultades de acceso al territorio y la baja presencia gubernamental, han creado un escenario en el que resulta posible el desarrollo de economías ilícitas, que en muchas ocasiones son fuente de financiación de agrupaciones criminales. En este orden de ideas, en este artículo se caracteriza la dimensión de la minería aurífera en la región, sus impactos en materia ambiental y social, y su relación con los cultivos de uso ilícito. Todo esto, a partir del análisis de bases de datos oficiales, revisión de la producción científica existente, entrevistas semiestructuradas a mineros y cocaleros que se realizaron en el marco de un estudio de caso en San José del Fragua, Caquetá y derechos de petición a las autoridades ambientales.
Prehospital sepsis care in Ireland: an audit
Authors: Mulrooney Nicola , McCluskey Patrick , O'Reilly Martin , Collins Niamh 
Published: July 2020

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening illness that requires early recognition and treatment. In Ireland, mortality, while improving, remains at 17% for adults and in a range of 2–4% in children aged under16 years. Prompt, accurate recognition of severe sepsis in the prehospital period could improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis. Aim: This study aimed to audit the prehospital care of patients with sepsis against national Irish sepsis clinical practice guidelines and identify areas for improvement. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all Dublin Fire Brigade patient care reports over a 1-week period was carried out and patients with potential sepsis and potential severe sepsis were identified. Care was assessed against the national prehospital clinical practice guidelines. Call-taking and dispatch information were cross-checked. Findings: The incidence of potential sepsis was 3.7%. It is a condition of extremes of age; 8.5% of patients were aged less than 1 year and 58% were aged above 65 years. While 48% of calls were categorised as high priority, about one-third (32%) were put in a low-priority category, and 37% of the latter were potential cases of severe sepsis. The most common chief complaints at the call-taking stage were ‘breathing problems’ and ‘sick person’. Conclusion: Potential sepsis is not infrequent and call-taking information may not capture the potential or severity of sepsis. Education must emphasise the risk in old and young patients. To ensure patients receive timely advanced interventions, call-taking and dispatch systems should ensure that practitioners with the skills to identify and manage sepsis are dispatched to these patients.