bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with PML-RARα positive: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zheng Xiaolong , Shen Huafei , Zhu Mingyu , Shi Yuanfei , Wang Huanping , Chen Zhimei , Huang Xin , Wang Yungui , Jin Jie , Xie Wanzhuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is an uncommon type of leukemia. It is one kind of malignant clonal diseases that expresses more than one genealogical specific antigen simultaneously. Most MPAL patients are associated with clonal chromosomal abnormalities and molecular genetic changes, such as t(9;22) (q34;q11) and KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement. These specific abnormalities usually have important guiding significance in MPAL diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis judgment. In this paper, we reported a case of MPAL, T/myeloid (M5) with an unfrequent combination of PML-RARα positivity and t(15;17). The treatment was successful with chemotherapy for both AML and ALL with daunorubicin, cytarabine (DA) and vincristine, prednisone (VP). We reported here this suggestive MPAL case of rare disease condition and effective treatment, in order to provide experience for the early diagnosis and treatment of similar patients.
Perception of Post-partum Women Towards Birth Companions at a Tertiary Hospital and Its Catchment Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gizachew Kidist , Bekele Delayehu , Getinet Tewodros 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Birth companion refers to a person who provides support to laboring women during child birth. Various studies have shown the benefits of birth companions. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude of mothers towards the involvement of birth companions during child birth at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and its selected catchment health centers. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional study to determine the perception of postpartum mothers on the involvement of birth companions during child birth. Result: The study included a total of 393 postpartum women. The finding from the study showed majority of the post-partum women (98.7%) were not allowed to have companions during labor. Among postpartum women 27.3 % has negative attitude towards involvement of birth companions. The commonest reasons mentioned by post-partum women for having negative attitude to this practice included need for privacy, religious values and fear of overburdening family members with stress. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that majority of women were denied the option of having a birth companion. The study has also shown the desire to have birth companion isn’t universal among laboring women in our setup. There is a need to understand the socio-cultural values of the community before embarking on widespread implementation of involvement of birth companions.
Overcoming Hybrid Lethality Induced by Chromosomal Instability in an Interspecific Hybrid of Genus Nicotiana
Authors: Nakata Kouki , Nagashima Hiroki , Yamashita Haruka , Inaba Natsuki , Shinozaki Yoshihito Shinozaki , Kanekatsu Motoki , Marubashi Wataru , Yamada Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hybrid lethality is a type of reproductive isolation in which hybrids die before maturation, due to the interaction between the two causative genes derived from each of the hybrid parents. The interspecific hybrid of Nicotiana suaveolens x Nicotiana tabacum is a model plant for studies of hybrid lethality. In this cross, most hybrid seedlings die, but rare individuals grow normally and mature. Separately, a technique for producing mature hybrids by artificial culture has been developed. However, the mechanism by which hybrids overcome lethality, either spontaneously or by artificial culture, remains unclear. In the present study, we found that some hybrids that overcome lethality, either spontaneously or by artificial culture, lack the distal part of the Q chromosome, a region that includes the gene responsible for lethality. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the distal deletion of the Q chromosome, detected in some hybrid seedlings that overcome lethality, is caused by reciprocal translocations between homoeologous chromosomes. These results indicated that the chromosomal instability during meiosis of the amphidiploid N. tabacum and during artificial culturing of hybrid seedlings is involved in overcoming hybrid lethality in interspecific hybrids of the genus Nicotiana.
A Method for Continuous Study of Soaring and Windhovering Birds
Authors: Penn Matthew , Yi George , Mohamed Abdulghani , Watkins Simon , Windsor Shane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Avian flight continues to inspire aircraft designers. As the scales of autonomous aircraft reduce to those of birds and large insects, new control challenges are apparent when attempting to hold steady flight in turbulent atmospheric wind. Some birds, however, are capable of remarkably stable hovering flight in the same conditions. This work describes the development of a wind tunnel configuration that facilitates the study of flapless windhovering (hanging) and soaring bird flight in wind conditions replicating those in nature. Updrafts were generated by flow over replica “hills” and turbulence was introduced through upstream grids. Successful flight tests with windhovering nankeen kestrels (Falco cenchroides) were conducted, verifying that the facility is suitable for future studies investigating the flight of soaring and windhovering birds in smooth and turbulent flows. The wind tunnel allows the flow characteristics to be carefully controlled and measured, providing great advantages over outdoor flight tests. Also, existing wind tunnels may be readily configured using this method, eliminating the need for the development of dedicated bird flight wind tunnels.
Sex Ratio Is Synergistically Modulated by Local Resource Competition and Enhancement: the Case of a Primitively Eusocial Wasp Under Female Philopatry
Authors: Tsuchida Koji , Ishiguro Norio , Saito-Morooka Fuki , Kojima Jun-Ichi , Spradbery Philip 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn animals, the offspring sex ratio is modulated by kin conflict and cooperation, and determining the ratio is a main concern in evolutionary biology. Male competition for access to local mates is predictive of a female-biased sex ratio in the offspring (local mate competition; LMC). Conversely, female competition for access to local resources is predictive of a male-biased sex ratio in the offspring (local resource competition; LRC). However, several factors other than competition should synergistically operate in real-world populations. In the Australian paper wasp Ropalidia plebeiana, LRC and local resource enhancement (LRE) may operate simultaneously. To determine whether this is the case, we evaluated colony sex ratios and examined whether competition and/or enhancement operates at the population level in this species. ResultsIn spring, many foundress queens started their colonies by comb-cutting, in which nest combs from the previous season were divided into several combs to be reused. Genetic relatedness among foundresses did not differ before and after comb-cutting. Relatedness among foundresses was 0.339, whereas relatedness among new foundresses was 0.589, revealing nearly functional monogyny. The global FST value calculated with mtDNA markers was higher than that calculated with microsatellite markers, even after we corrected for differences in effective population sizes between sexes. This finding indicates female philopatry, which was also confirmed by mark–release–recapture before and after the hibernation of new foundresses. The colony sex ratio of reproductives became slightly biased toward males in larger colonies. In addition, both the number of foundresses and number of workers were positively associated with the number of reproductives, which indicates that LRE was also operating.ConclusionsOur results suggest that although the population structure seems to meet the requirements of LRC, the sex ratio is not modulated solely by LRC. Instead, the availability of female helpers at the founding stage likely mitigates the sex ratio predicted by LRC through LRE. Thus, LRC at the founding stage and LRE at the reproductive stage synergistically modulate the colony sex ratio in R. plebeiana.
Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Tfr/Tfh Cell Balance by Low-Dose-IL-2 in Active SLE: A Post-Hoc Analysis from a Double-Blind RCT Study
Authors: Miao Miao , Xiao Xian , Tian Jiayi , Zhufeng Yunzhi , Feng Ruiling , Zhang Ruijun , Chen Jiali , Zhang Xiaoying , Huang Bo , Jin Yuebo , Sun Xiaolin , He Jing , Li Zhanguo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulation of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) and T follicular (Tfh) cell subtypes by low-dose IL-2 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Methods: A post-hoc analysis was performed in a randomized cohort of SLE patients (n=60) receiving low-dose IL-2 therapy (n=30) or placebo (n=30), along with standard of care treatment. The primary end point was attainment of SLE responder index-4 (SRI-4) at week 12 in the trial. Twenty three healthy controls were enrolled for T cell subsets detection at the same time with the trial. The t-stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis of CD4 T subsets based on immune cells flow cytometry markers was performed to distinguish Tfh, Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17 and Tfr cell subsets. Results: Compared with HC, the frequency of Tfr (CXCR5+PD-1lowTreg and CXCR5+PD-1highTreg) cells was significantly reduced, while the pro-inflammatory Tfh cells were increased in patients with SLE. The imbalanced Tfh cell was associated with several pathogenic factors (anti-dsDNA antibodies (r=0.309, P=0.027) and serum IL-17 (r=0.328, P=0.021)) and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (r=0.273, P=0.052). Decreased CXCR5+PD-1lowTreg/Tfh and CXCR5+PD-1lowTreg/Tfh17 were both associated with increased immunoglobulin M (IgM) (r=-0.448, P=0.002 and r=-0.336, P=0.024 respectively). Efficacy of low-dose IL-2 therapy was associated with a restored Tfr/Tfh cell balance.Conclusion: These data supports the hypothesis that promotion of Tfr associated with decreased disease activities, and that low-dose IL-2 therapy can recover Tfr/Tfh immune balance.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registries (NCT02465580).
Molecular characterization of the highest risk adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through multi-omics clustering
Authors: nguyen trinh , Pepper John , Nguyen Cu , Fan Yu , Hu Ying , Chen Qingrong , Yan Chunhua , Meerzaman Daoud 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases with poor outcomes that are partly due to its complex and poorly understood heterogeneity. Methods: Here, we use a multi-omics approach to identify a molecular subgroup with the worst response to chemotherapy, and to identify promising drug targets specifically for this AML subgroup. Results: Among the three primary clusters of 166 AML adult TCGA cancer cases, we found a High Risk Molecular Subgroup with the worst overall survival at two years – only about 10% survival. TP53 was mutated in most patients in this High Risk Molecular Subgroup , but not in any other patients, constituting a highly significant difference. The top 5 Genes over-expressed in the High Risk Molecular Subgroup included E2F4, CD34, CD109, MN1, and MMLT3. This High Risk Molecular Subgroup also showed higher activation than other patients of molecular pathways related to immune function, cell proliferation, and DNA damage. Conclusion: Some AML patients are not successfully treated with the current standard of care chemotherapy, and urgently need targeted therapeutics. Potential drug targets include over-expressed genes E2F4 , and MN1 , as well as mutations in TP53, and several molecular pathways .
EasyIDP: A python package for intermediate data processing in 3D based plant phenotyping
Authors: HAOZHOU WANG , Duan Yunlin , Shi Yun , Kato Yoichiro , Ninomiya Seish , Guo Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:The use of 3D based high-throughput phenotyping improves theefficiency of crop management and monitoring practices. Thestructure-from-motion and multi-view stereo photogrammetry (SfM-MVS)technique, applicable to common RGB digital cameras, has been widely used forthis and can be implemented by many commercial and open-source tools. Byusing such tools, several outputs such as digital orthophoto map (DOM), digitalsurface model (DSM), and point cloud data (PCD) can be generated. However,there is a gap between these outputs and the final 3D plant phenotyping. Forexample, calculating plant height and canopy ground cover requires thesegmentation of each plot from the whole DOM, DSM, or original image. Theseintermediate processes are time-consuming, and to the best of our knowledge,there are no easy-to-use alternatives currently available.Results:In this study, a software package called EasyIDP (easy intermediatedata processor) was developed to link the products of SfM-MVS techniques with3D based plant phenotyping. A lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) breeding field was usedto demonstrate the following points: 1) clipping (segmenting) SfM-MVS productsaccording to a given plot boundary or region of interest (ROI); 2) transformingthe ROI of the SfM-MVS products into high-quality raw images to assist inobject detection; and 3) evaluating the accuracy of the previous transformationusing manual annotation.Conclusions:The proposed intermediate data processing tool showed anacceptable accuracy and potential to process the products from SfM-MVStechniques. By using the EasyIDP, a bridge between SfM-MVS products andplant phenotyping was conveniently achieved.
Maternal Lipidomic Signatures in Relation to Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Large-For-Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Aung Max , Ashrap Pahriya , Watkins Deborah , Mukherjee Bhramar , Rosario Zaira , Vélez-Vega Carmen , Alshawabkeh Akram , Cordero José , Meeker John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lipidome-wide metabolites may be useful biomarkers of pregnancy outcomes. We sought to characterize maternal lipidomic signatures associated with preterm birth and neonatal anthropometric parameters. Methods: Plasma samples were collected 24-28 weeks gestation, and lipidomic profiling was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Lipid metabolites were analyzed individually and as whole lipid classes and subgroups based on degree of hydrocarbon chain saturation. Associations were estimated using linear and logistic regression.Results: After false discovery adjustment (q<0.15), four plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamines and three free fatty acids associated with increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth. Five phosphatidylinositols, two phosphatidylglycerols, and one phosphatidic acid were associated with large for gestational age neonates. The saturated plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamines held the association with increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth. Both the mono- and poly-unsaturated free fatty acids held the association for increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth. Mono- and poly-unsaturated phosphatidylinositols were associated with large for gestational age neonates. Whole lipid classes (plasmenyl-phophatidylcholines and plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamines) were associated with increased risk for large for gestational age at delivery.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that finer omics-scale analysis of the maternal lipidome may be more informative biomarkers of pregnancy outcomes compared to whole class level lipid analysis.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Genes During the Interaction With Moderately Resistant and Highly Susceptible Chickpea Lines
Authors: Mwape Virginia , Mobegi Fredrick , Regmi Roshan , Newman Toby , Kamphuis Lars , Derbyshire Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the cause of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), is a host generalist necrotrophic fungus that can cause major yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) production. This study used RNA sequencing to conduct a timecourse transcriptional analysis of S. sclerotiorum gene expression during chickpea infection. The study explored S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity and developmental factors employed during chickpea infection. Results: During infection of moderately resistant and highly susceptible chickpea lines, 9,491 and 10,487 S. sclerotiorum genes, respectively, were significantly differentially expressed relative to in vitro. Analysis of the upregulated genes revealed enrichment of Gene Ontology biological processes, such as oxidation-reduction process, metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, response to stimulus, and signal transduction. Several gene functional categories were upregulated in planta, including carbohydrate-active enzymes, secondary metabolite biosynthesis clusters, transcription factors and candidate secreted effectors. Differences in S. sclerotiorum genes expressed on varieties with different levels of susceptibility were also observed. Conclusion: These findings provide a framework for a better understanding of S. sclerotiorum interactions with hosts of varying susceptibility levels. Here, we report for the first time on the S. sclerotiorum transcriptome during chickpea infection, which could be important for further studies on this pathogen's molecular biology.
Risk Factors for Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With the Zero-P Implant System: a Retrospective Study With Minimum of 2 Years Follow-up
Authors: Xue Rong , Li Ningdao , Ji Zhurong , Cheng Xingdong , Zhang Zhuqiu , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysphagia is one of the most common complications after anterior cervical spine surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero-P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero-P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow-up ware performed. All patients were divided into a non-dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft-tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O-C2 angle, C2–7 angle, T1 slope and segmental angle were analyzed. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to analyze the predictive value of each dimension for dysphagia. Results: In total, the non-dysphagia group comprised 170 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 90 patients. Chi-square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO-C2 angle, dC2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.Conclusions: Number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia. In additionally, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combining with proficient and precise treatment measures are suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF is performed.
Decreased Complications but a Distinctive Fixation Loosening Mechanism of Fully Threaded Headless Cannulated Screw Fixation for Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Adults.
Authors: Sun Hui , Shu Lin-Yuan , Matthew Sherrier , Zhu Yi , Liu Jing-Wen , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite being a commonly encountered injury in orthopaedic practice, controversy surrounds the methods of optimal internal fixation for femoral neck fractures (FNF) in young patients. The objective of the present study is to compare complication rates and failure mechanisms for surgical fixation of FNF using fully threaded headless cannulated screws (FTHCS) versus partial threaded cannulated screws (PTS) in young adults.Methods: A total of 75 patients (18-65 years old) with FNF were prospectively treated with close reduction and internal fixation using three parallel FTHCS and compared to a historical control case-matched group (75 patients) with FNF treated by PTS fixation. After two years follow-up, rates of fixation failure (including varus collapse, fracture displacement, and femoral neck shortening), nonunion, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) were compared between the two cohorts. The demographic, follow-up information, and radiological images were assessed by independent blinded investigators. Results: Patient demographics and fracture patterns were similar in the two patient groups. The overall fixation failure rates were 8% (6/75) in the FTHCS cohort, which was significantly lower than the 25.3% (19/75) seen in the PTS group. Rates of nonunion and ANFH were significantly lower in the FTHCS group when compared to the PTS control group. When stratified by injury severity (high-energy versus low-energy fractures), the rate of fixation failure was significant lower with the use of FTHCS when compared with PTS for high-energy fractures while there was no difference in the rates of nonunion or ANFH for high or low-energy fracture patterns. Unique to the FTHCS cohort was an atypical screw migration pattern with varus collapse (6/75, 8%). Conclusions: The results show that FTHCS fixation could significantly reduce the complication rate of young patients with FNF, especially in high-energy fracture patterns (Garden III-IV, Pauwels III or vertical of the neck axis (VN) angle ≥ 15°). There was also confirmation that the modes of fixation loosening in the FTCHS group, including screw “medial migration” and superior cutout, were different from the screw withdrawal pattern seen in the PTS cohort. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at www.Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-IPR-1900025851) on September 11, 2019.