bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring contraception myths and misconceptions among young men and women in Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Mwaisaka Jefferson , Gonsalves Lianne , Thiongo Mary , Waithaka Michael , Sidha Hellen , Agwanda Alfred , Mukiira Carol , Gichangi Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Myths and misconceptions around modern contraceptives have been associated with low contraceptive uptake in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya in particular. Addressing persistent contraceptive knowledge gaps can make a significant contribution towards improved contraceptive uptake among young women. This qualitative study therefore sought to explore and understand young people’s knowledge of modern contraception and to identify their key concerns regarding these methods. Methods We used focus group discussions (FGD) with vignette and writing activities to explore key myths and misconceptions around the use of contraceptives. Six FGDs (three for young men and three for young women) were conducted with a total of 28 young women and 30 young men from Kwale County, Kenya. We included 10 discussants aged 18-24 per FGD, one FGD had 8 participants. Predefined codes reflecting the discussion guides and emerging issues in the FGDs were used to develop the thematic coding framework. Our analysis followed a pattern of association on the key preset themes focusing on myths and misconceptions around contraceptive use.Results Results are presented under three key themes: awareness of contraception, myths and misconceptions around contraception, and males’ contraceptive narratives. Both men and women participants reported basic awareness of contraceptives. A mixture of biological and social misconceptions were discussed and included perceptions that modern contraception: jeopardized future fertility, prolonged menstrual bleeding, could result in problems conceiving or birth defects, made women promiscuous, was ‘un-African’, and would deny couples their sexual freedom. Compared to female respondents in the study, young men appeared to be strong believers of the perceived socio-cultural effects of contraceptives.Conclusions This study revealed the presence of a mixture of biological and social myths and misconceptions around contraception, with young men also strongly adhering to these misconceptions. The low level of contraceptive knowledge, particularly on contraceptive fears as revealed by the study demonstrate critical gaps in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge among young people. Improved SRH literacy to address contraceptives’ fears through appropriate and gender specific interventions to reach out to young men and women with factual SRH information may therefore contribute to increased uptake of SRH services including modern contraceptive methods.
18F-FDG PET and DCE kinetic modeling and their correlations in primary NSCLC: First voxel-wise correlative analysis of human simultaneous [18F]FDG PET-MRI data
Authors: Besson Florent L , Fernandez Brice , Faure Sylvain , Mercier Olaf , Seferian Andrei , Mignard Xavier , Mussot Sacha , Péchoux Cécile le , Caramella Caroline , Botticella Angela , Levy Antonin , Parent Florence , Bulifon Sophie , Montani David , Mitilian Delphine , Fadel Elie , Planchard David , Besse Benjamin , Ghigna-Bellinzoni Maria-Rosa , Comtat Claude , Lebon Vincent , Durand Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To decipher the correlations between PET and DCE kinetic parameters in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by using voxel-wise analysis of dynamic simultaneous [18F]FDG PET-MRI. Material and methods: Fourteen treatment-naïve patients with biopsy-proven NSCLC prospectively underwent a one-hour dynamic [18F]FDG thoracic PET-MRI scan including DCE. The PET and DCE data were normalized to their corresponding T1-weighted MR morphological space, and tumors were masked semi-automatically. Voxel-wise parametric maps of PET and DCE kinetic parameters were computed by fitting the dynamic PET and DCE tumor data to the Sokoloff and Extended Tofts models respectively, by using in-house developed procedures. Curve-fitting errors were assessed by computing the relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of the estimated PET and DCE signals at the voxel level. For each tumor, Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) between all the pairs of PET and DCE kinetic parameters were estimated on a voxel-wise basis, along with their respective bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (n = 1000 iterations).Results: Curve-fitting metrics provided fit errors under 20% for almost 90% of the PET voxels (median rRMSE= 10.3, interquartile ranges IQR = 8.1; 14.3), whereas 73.3% of the DCE voxels showed fit errors under 45% (median rRMSE = 31.8%, IQR = 22.4; 46.6). The PET-PET, DCE-DCE and PET-DCE voxel-wise correlations varied according to individual tumor behaviors. Beyond this wide variability, the PET-PET and DCE-DCE correlations were mainly high (absolute rs values > 0.7), whereas the PET-DCE correlations were mainly low to moderate (absolute rs values < 0.7). Half the tumors showed a hypometabolism with low perfused/vascularized profile, a hallmark of hypoxia and tumor aggressiveness. Conclusion: A dynamic “one-stop shop” procedure applied to NSCLC is technically feasible in clinical practice. PET and DCE kinetic parameters assessed simultaneously are not highly correlated in NSCLC, and these correlations showed a wide variability among tumors and patients. These results tend to suggest that PET and DCE kinetic parameters might provide complementary information. In the future, this might make PET-MRI a unique tool to characterize the individual tumor biological behavior in NSCLC.
Coal-bearing strata sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene Meihe Formation, Meihe Basin, NE China
Authors: Bai Yueyue , Lü Qingtian , Liu Zhaojun , Sun Pingchang , Liu Rong , Yao Shuqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Meihe Basin is an important Paleogene coal-bearing basin located in the Dunhua-Mishan Fault Zone, northeastern China. Based on a comprehensive study of well logs, seismic profiles, cores and rock geochemical properties, three third-order sequences were identified in the Paleogene Meihe Formation of Meihe Basin. The two coal-bearing sequences are the Lower Coal-bearing Member of Sequence I and the Upper Coal-bearing Member of Sequence III. All three types of system tracts are developed in both sequences, i.e., the lowstand systems tract (LST), the transgressive systems tract (TST), and the highstand systems tract (HST). Typically, coal seams developed in the lake swamp environments with good thicknesses and continuity are economically attractive for mining. In the study area, they are primarily found in the TST and HST of Sequence I. These nice thick coal seams usually develop in an ideal stable depositional environment where organic matter accommodation space grows at a balanced rate with peat, in other words, free of sediment input or channel migration. The key findings of this study could provide guidance for the exploration of coal seams in the Meihe Basin and other similar basins.
Metagenomic insights into the diversity of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes in the yak fecal microbial community
Authors: Gong Ga , Zhou Saisai , Luo Runbo , Gesang Zhuoma , Suolang Sizhu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: As a special herbivorous ruminant, yak is supposed to utilize the gastrointestinal microbiota to digest plant materials. Although the cellulolytic bacteria in the yak rumen have been reported, there is still limited information on the diversity of the major microorganisms and putative carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes for the degradation of complex lignocellulosic biomass in its gut ecosystem. Results: Here, this study aimed to decode biomass-degrading genes and genomes in the yak fecal microbiota using deep metagenome sequencing. A comprehensive catalog comprising 4.5 million microbial genes from the yak feces was established based on metagenomic assemblies from 92 Gb sequencing data. We identified a full spectrum of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, three-quarters of which were assigned to highly diversified enzyme families involved in the breakdown of complex dietary carbohydrates, including 120 families of glycoside hydrolases, 25 families of polysaccharide lyases, and 15 families of carbohydrate esterases. Inference of taxonomic assignments to the carbohydrate-degrading genes revealed the major microbial contributors were Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Prevotellaceae. Furthermore, 68 prokaryotic genomes were reconstructed and the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases involved in plant-derived polysaccharide degradation were identified in these uncultured genomes, many of which were novel species with lignocellulolytic capability. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on a great diversity of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes in the yak gut microbial community and uncultured species, which provides a useful genetic resource for future studies on the discovery of novel enzymes for industrial applications.
Genome-scale metabolic modelling underscores the potential of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a cell factory for biofuel production
Authors: Pham Nhung TT , Reijnders Maarten , Suarez-Diez Maria , Nijsse Bart , Springer Jan , Eggink Gerrit , Schaap Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 is a fast growing oleaginous basidiomycete yeast that is able to grow in a wide range of low-cost carbon sources including crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production. When glycerol is used as a carbon source, this yeast can accumulate more than 50% lipids (w/w) with high concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids.
Results: To increase our understanding of this yeast and to provide a knowledge base for further industrial use, a FAIR re-annotated genome was used to build a genome-scale, constraint-based metabolic model containing 1553 reactions involving 1373 metabolites in 11 compartments. A new description of the biomass synthesis reaction was introduced to account for massive lipid accumulation in conditions with high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the media. This condition-speciﬁc biomass objective function is shown to better predict conditions with high lipid accumulation using glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and glycerol as sole carbon source.
Conclusion: Contributing to the economic viability of biodiesel as renewable fuel, C. oleaginosus ATCC 20509 can eﬀectively convert crude glycerol waste streams in lipids as a potential bioenergy source. Performance simulations are essential to identify optimal production conditions and to develop and ﬁne tune a cost-eﬀective production process. Our model suggests ATP-citrate lyase as a target for further improve lipid production.
Keywords: Genome-scale metabolic model; Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509; lipid accumulation; Crude glycerol; biodiesel production; ﬂux balance analysis; oleaginous yeast
Bacillus subtilis spore vaccines displaying protective antigen induce functional antibodies and protective potency
Authors: Oh Yeonsu , Kim Jung Ae , Kim Chang-Hwan , Choi Soo-Keun , Pan Jae-Gu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease of both humans and various animal species, and can be used as a bioterror agent. Effective vaccines are available, but those could benefit from improvements, including increasing the immunity duration, reducing the shot frequency and adverse reactions. In addition, more sophisticated antigen delivery and potentiation systems are urgently required. The protective antigen (PA), one of three major virulence factors associated with anthrax was displayed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores, which is a vaccine production host and delivery vector with several advantages such as a low production cost, straightforward administration as it is safe for human consumption and the particulate adjuvanticity. Mice were immunized orally (PO), intranasally (IN), sublingually (SL) or intraperitoneally (IP) with the PA displaying probiotic spore vaccine. Clinical observation, serological analysis and challenge experiment were conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Results: A/J mice immunized with the PA spore vaccine via PO, IN, SL, and IP were observed to have increased levels of active antibody titer, isotype profiles and toxin neutralizing antibody in sera, and IgA in saliva. The immunized mice were demonstrated to raise protective immunity against the challenge with lethal B. anthracis spores. Conclusions: In this study, we developed a B. subtilis spore vaccine that displays the PA on its surface and showed that the PA-displaying spore vaccine was able to confer active immunity to a murine model based on the results of antibody isotype titration, mucosal antibody identification, and a lethal challenge experiment.
Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression are associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Chen Yulian , Qiu Xingdi , Wang Wenjing , Li Dong , Wu Anyue , Hong Zubei , Di Wen , Qiu Lihua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal microbiome was evaluated in Chinese cohorts. Methods: The vaginal bacterial composition of five groups, HPV-infected women without CINs (HPV, n=78), women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n=51), women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n=23), women with invasive cervical cancer (Cancer, n=9) and healthy women without HPV infection (Normal, n=68), was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V3-4) using Illumina MiSeq. Results: HPV infection increased vaginal bacterial richness and diversity regardless of the status of CINs. The vaginal bacterial richness and diversity were further augmented in women with cervical cancer. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in all groups. HPV infection had a negative influence on the abundances of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella and Atopobium. Accordingly, HPV infection increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacillus, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus and Anaerococcus. The increased proportions of Bacillus, Anaerococcus and the reduced abundance of Gradnerella vaginalis were probably related with the progression of CINs severity. HPV infection without CINs or cancerous lesions was strongly associated with Megasphaera. The most abundant bacterium in the LSIL group was Prevotella amnii. However, Prevotella timonensis, Shuttleworthia and Streptococcaceae at the family level were three taxa related to HSIL. Furthermore, more taxa were associated with the Cancer group including Bacillus, Sneathia, Acidovorax, Oceanobacillus profundus, Fusobacterium, Veillonellaceae at the family level, Anaerococcus and Porphyromonas uenonis. Samples in the Normal group were mostly assigned to CST III. HPV infection converted the vaginal bacterial community structure from CST III to CST IV. Furthermore, the proportions of CST IV were gradually augmented with the progression of the severity of CINs.Conclusions: This work interpreted the differential vaginal bacteria under HPV infection and various precancerous or cancerous lesions in a Chinese cohort. We distinguished the specific microbes and the vaginal bacterial structure that were related with the progression of CINs severity in Chinese women.
Study of Economic Management Forecast and Optimized Resource Allocation Based on Cloud Computing and Neural Network
Authors: He Pinzhen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As various factors which affect the development of global market economy become increasingly uncertain, economy and commodity will become more and more fluctuating in economic operation. With its strong non-linear mapping capacity, artificial neural network has already been applied in many fields, time series analysis and trend prediction. Cloud computing can interact fast with service provider at the minimum management cost. This paper proposes an economic forecast and optimized resource allocation model based on cloud computing and BP neural network. Its main goal is to break down a complex prediction task into several sub-tasks, effectively reduce the workload of a single computer and enhance the operating efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method does not rely on gradient information, and has strong optimization calculation ability. At the same time, it can analyze and predict economic management, so as to provide strong decision support for decision makers.
In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Combined Effect of Kalanchoe Crenata and Vernonia Amygdalina on Salmonella Species
Authors: Effah-Yeboah Emmanuel , Asare Emmanuel Agyapong , Balali Gadafi Iddrisu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThe major breakthrough in the treatment of pathogenic diseases was the unearthing of naturally occurring antipathogenic agents or antibiotics. There have been upsurges in antibiotic-resistant strains of clinically important pathogens, which made way to the emergence of new-fangled bacterial strains that are multi-resistant. The major aim of scientists is to develop new antibiotics or other therapeutic strategies at a pace greater than that at which bacteria are developing resistance. Development of resistance to first-line antimicrobial therapies made way to recommendations for combination therapies for the treatment of some infections and some of this form of chemotherapy seems to be very successful.ObjectivesThis research was carried out the determine the effect of Kalanchoe crenata extract on salmonella Tyhi load. It was carried out to also assess the potency of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella typhi and also to ascertain the effect of the combined extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina on salmonella typhi.MethodIn this research, Salmonella typhi was exposed to a crude extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina and also the combination of the two extracts. Agar wells diffusion method was employed.ResultsThe combined effect was not sensitive to the Salmonella strain. The Salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. K. cranata had the strongest activity against S. typhi with its highest zone of growth inhibition of 20 mm and lowest zone of inhibition of 7 mm while V. amygdalina produced consistent zone of growth inhibition of 5–6 mm; The combined effect produced a zone inhibition diameter only at the 100 mg/ml with zone of inhibition value of 14 mm. The subsequent lower concentrations did not show any activity against the microbes. At P-value = 0.05 two-way ANOVA statistics exhibited significant difference amongst the effects produced by the different extracts, though there were no substantial differences in the effects produced by the various concentrations.ConclusionThe salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. At P-value = 0.05 there was a substantial difference in the sensitivity of the bacteria to the different extracts.
Pelvic Rotation Parameters Related to In-Brace Correction in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: li kepeng , Miao Jun , Jing-an Zhang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To identify the pelvic parameters affecting in-brace correction (IBC) in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). METHODS: Patients with IS receiving Chêneau brace treatment in our scoliosis center from January 2019 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Pelvic rotation parameters, including Pelvic incidence (PI), Sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), L/R ratio, were collected. Other radiographic data, such as Risser sign, coronal and sagittal balance, curve location, kyphosis, lordosis of each patient was also recorded to analyze their correlations with IBC. Correlation analyses were performed to identify the classified variables influencing IBC. The principal component analysis was used to extract common factors of radiographic parameters to eliminate interaction effects. The linear regression equation was established using principal components, the variables influencing IBC were identified.RESULTS: A cohort of 44 patients with IS (36 girls and 8 boys) were included in the present study. The mean IBC was 49.87% (range, 3%∽100%). IBC of lumbar IS was negatively correlated with apical rotate factor (ARF, B=-0.385), mainly consisted of pelvic coronal plane rotation (PCPR, 0.449), cobb angle (CA,0.575), apical vertebral rotation (AVR, 0.918), and pelvic rotate factor (PRF, B=-0.387), mainly consisted of PT (0.861), PI (0.728), PCPR (-0.570). The regression equation of lumbar IS had statistical significance (F=6.500, P=0.005，R2=0.317). Whereas statistically significance was not found in the regression equation of thoracic IS (F=2.913, P=0.106). The remaining parameters were not related to IBC.CONCLUSIONS: For lumbar IS, ARF and PRF have negative effects on IBC, Coronal and sagittal rotation of the pelvis is related to IBC.
Distinguishing Adenocarcinomas From Granulomas in the CT Scan of the Chest: Performance Degradation Evaluation in the Automatic Segmentation Framework
Authors: Tavakoli Mahsa Bank , Orooji Mahdi , Teimouri Mehdi , Shahabifar Ramita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:The most common histopathologic malignant and benign nodules are Adenocarcinoma and Granuloma, respectively, which have different standards of care. However, distinguishing Adenocarcinoma from Granuloma in the CT scan of the chest is a challenging task, due to the similar appearance in shape and appearance. Indeed, biopsies are needed for the diagnosis. The radiomic features of pulmonary nodules, along with the torsion of the vessels attached to the nodules are accepted by expert radiologists as the biomarker for discriminating the benign nodules from the malignant ones. In this paper, we propose an automatic framework for the distinction of the Adenocarcinomas and the Granulomas in CTs using the radiomic features of nodules and the attached vessel tortuosity.Methods:To automatically segment the delineated nodule area and the attached vessels area, we apply a morphological-based approach. For distinguishing the malignancy of the segmented nodule, two texture features of the nodule, the curvature mean and the number of the attached vessels are extracted. Then, we apply a trained SVM classifier to identify the segmented nodule as the Adenocarcinoma or the Granuloma.Results:The proposed framework is evaluated on a private dataset, including 22 CTs for each nodule type, i.e., adenocarcinoma and granuloma (44 CTs for both nodule types). The dataset contains the CTs of the non-smoker patients who are between 30 and 60 years old. Compared to the state-of-the-art feature selection methods which employ only the shape features of the nodule, the texture features of the nodule, or the torsion features of the attached vessels along with the radiomic features of the nodule for differentiating Adenocarcinomas from Granulomas, the accuracy of our framework is improved by 21:39%, 3:72%, and 8:27%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the introduced framework for the manually and automatically segmented nodules is 0:8874 and 0:7583, respectively.Conclusions:The AUC value for the automatically segmented nodules is lower than that of the manual ones labeled by a radiologist. However, the time run of the introduced framework for the automatically segmented nodules is much lower than that of the manual ones.