bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sourdough starter and fungal proteases on gluten content and sensory properties of tarhana
Authors: İçen Seda , Karakaş‐Budak Barçın , Certel Muharrem 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this study, gluten degradation during prolonged tarhana fermentation was monitored in a traditional dough as well as in dough containing sourdough starter, peptidase additives and combination of both. Gluten content, determined using the sandwich ELISA assay method, was reduced significantly in the first 5 days of fermentation for all formulations. After 30 days into fermentation, approximately 15% and 20% reduction of gluten was observed in the traditional dough and sourdough starter added dough, respectively. In enzyme supplemented formulations, the mean gluten levels were below 20 ppm by 20 days of fermentation. Results showed that proteolytic enzyme addition to the dough mix can potentially render long fermented tarhana a food which conforms to regulations set forth for gluten‐free foods, even though wheat flour is one of the main production ingredients. Sensory evaluation of the 30 day fermented tarhana samples revealed differences in sourness and odour properties of the products.
Effect of microencapsulation on morphology, physicochemical properties and flavour profiles of solid yoghurt‐flavoured bases
Authors: Huang Yan‐yan , Liang Ming‐hua , Sun Li‐na , Brennan Charles S. , Liu Dong‐mei 
Published: November 2020

SummaryYoghurt‐flavoured bases have many applications in food industry, but the poor stability in the volatile compounds limits their applications. In this study, the morphology and physicochemical properties of yoghurt‐flavoured base microcapsules were evaluated with four different wall materials including chitosan, β‐cyclodextrin, octenyl succinate anhydride and maltodextrin solution by spray drying. The encapsulation efficiencies of these four microcapsule formulations exceeded 93%. Microcapsules produced by chitosan possessed the best physical properties with improved encapsulation efficiency and smooth microstructure, so chitosan was selected as the encapsulating material of yoghurt‐flavoured bases. Compared with those without chitosan, the encapsulated yoghurt‐flavoured bases with chitosan had smaller particle size, better water solubility and moisture resistance as well as better stability. Furthermore, microencapsulation and spray drying technology can preserve many volatile compounds and the proportion of ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds increased. Hence, chitosan is a microcapsule material suitable for outputting solid yoghurt‐flavoured bases.
Standardization and harmonization in hematology: Instrument alignment, quality control materials, and commutability issue
Authors: Vidali Matteo , Carobene Anna , Apassiti Esposito Sara , Napolitano Gavino , Caracciolo Alessandra , Seghezzi Michela , Previtali Giulia , Lippi Giuseppe , Buoro Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the hub and spoke laboratory network, the number of hematology analyzers (HAs) within each core center has increased, and the control of HAs alignment is becoming necessary requirement to ensure analytical quality. In this scenario, HA alignment can be assessed by analyzing the same control material used for internal quality control on multiple HAs, assuming its commutability. The aim of the study was to verify the applicability of a protocol for the alignment of HAs based on control material rather than on fresh whole‐blood samples.MethodsThe alignment of five HAs was evaluated for red (RBC, Hb, MCV, RET), white (WBC, NE, LY, MO, EO, BA, IG), and platelet (PLT) series parameters, following a protocol by SIBioC, using human sample (HS) and quality control material (QC), after the verification of commutability, according to the IFCC protocol. Maximum bias was derived from biological variation data.ResultsA complete alignment between instruments was confirmed for the majority of the parameters investigated both for HS and QC material. Partial misalignments or inconcludent results were instead evident for MCV, MO, EO, BA, and IG. Interestingly, QC material was found to be not commutable for LY, MO, and BA.ConclusionThe alignment of hematologic analyzers for main cell population parameters may be verified with both QC and HS, displaying consistent results and interpretation. The evaluation for some white series parameters (EO, BA, and IG) is critical, and particular attention must be paid to the values of the material used for the alignment.
Cross‐sectional comparisons of gut microbiome and short‐chain fatty acid levels among children with varied weight classifications
Authors: Gyarmati Peter , Song Yajing , Dotimas James , Yoshiba Grace , Christison Amy 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundLimited studies associate changes in microbiota composition and metabolites among children and adolescents with obesity. Decreases in compositional diversity, increases in the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) and increases in short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been proposed as contributing factors in the pathophysiology of obesity.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to characterize the faecal microbiota composition, diversity, F/B ratio and SCFA levels in different weight categories (lean, overweight, obesity classes 1‐3) of children ages 5 to 12 years.MethodsWe collected and processed 83 samples from different weight categories (27.7% lean, 11% overweight, 15%, 17% and 17% of obesity classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Microbiota content was determined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and SCFA content was analyzed.ResultsMicrobiota compositions showed no significant differences in diversity or F/B ratios between weight categories. However, a relative abundance of Proteobacteria and lack of Verrucomicrobia were demonstrated when comparing severe obesity to the leaner groups. Faecal butyrate, propionate and isopentanoate concentrations increased progressively with weight category demonstrating significance in the class 3 obesity group.ConclusionsOur results show that severe childhood obesity in our study population was associated with changes in gut microbiome composition correlated to previously reported cardiometabolic disease states in obesity. Increased SCFA levels correlate with obesity‐related microbiome metabolic function without a reduction in diversity characterized at a phyla level. Further characterization of these specimens at a species level and longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these relationships.
Assessing the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza among children under two hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, 2010‐2013
Authors: Rolsma Stephanie L. , Rankin Danielle A. , Haddadin Zaid , Hamdan Lubna , Rahman Herdi K. , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Williams John V. , Khuri‐Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe disease burden of influenza‐associated hospitalizations among children in Jordan is not well established. We aimed to characterize hospitalizations attributed to influenza in a pediatric population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study from our viral surveillance cohort in children under 2 years hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever from March 2010 to March 2013. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics, and calculated the frequency of children who met the severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) criteria. Nasal specimens were tested using real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect influenza A, B, or C. Further subtyping for influenza A‐positive isolates was conducted.ResultsOf the 3168 children enrolled in our study, 119 (4%) were influenza‐positive. Influenza types and subtypes varied by season but were predominantly detected between December and February. Codetection of multiple respiratory pathogens was identified in 58% of children with the majority occurring among those <6 months. Bronchopneumonia and rule‐out sepsis were the most common admission diagnoses, with influenza A accounting for over 2/3 of children with a rule‐out sepsis admission status. One‐third of children under 6 months compared to 3/4 of children 6‐23 months met the SARI criteria.ConclusionsInfluenza was an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children under 2 years. Children <6 months had the highest burden of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and were less likely to meet the SARI global surveillance case definition. Additional surveillance is needed in the Middle East to determine the true influenza burden on a global scale.
The effect of physical exercise on rheumatoid arthritis: An overview of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Huiling , Xu Anqi , Gao Chao , Wang Zhenqing , Wu Xue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine which outcomes will be improved by different exercise interventions and the evidence quality for each intervention.DesignOverview of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase. Published from the establishment of the database to 3 September 2019.Review methodsAMSTAR 2 and PRISMA were used to evaluate methodological and reporting quality. Evidence quality of the effect of each intervention was assessed according to GRADE guidelines. Meta‐analysis of original studies was conducted for comparison of systematic reviews and to explore the effect of different exercise interventions on the same outcome.ResultsTen systematic reviews were included in the overview. A significant improvement was seen in: aerobic exercise for aerobic capacity; strength training for erythrocyte sedimentation rate and 50‐foot walking time; aerobic exercise combined with strength training for aerobic capacity, physical function, and fatigue; hand exercise for hand function.ConclusionsFor the maximum benefit of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, different exercise methods should be selected according to the symptoms. For RA patients, any exercise is better than no exercise, but the intensity, frequency, and period of exercise for better results are not determined.ImpactWhat problem did the study address is which outcomes will be improved by different exercise interventions. For maximum benefit for RA patients, different exercise methods should be selected according to symptoms. The research summarized the evidence of exercise rehabilitation of RA and will help RA patients or their caregivers choose the appropriate type of exercise, which will play a positive role on the rehabilitation of patients with RA.
Intraspecific differentiation: Implications for niche and distribution modelling
Authors: Collart Flavien , Hedenäs Lars , Broennimann Olivier , Guisan Antoine , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMounting evidence suggests that failure of species distribution models to integrate local adaptation hinders our ability to predict distribution ranges, raising the question of whether modelling should be performed at the level of species (clade models) or intraspecific lineages (subclade models), characterized by the restricted availability of occurrence points. While Ensembles of Small Models (ESMs) offer an attractive framework for small datasets, their evaluation remains critical. We address these issues in the case of very small datasets inherent to subclade models and discuss which modelling strategy should be applied based on niche overlap among lineages.LocationSweden.TaxonMosses.MethodsEnsembles of Small Models were evaluated by null models built from randomly sampled presence points. We compared the extent of suitable area predicted by the projections of clade and subclade models. Niche overlap was quantified using Schoener's D and Hellinger'sImetrics, and the significance of these metrics in terms of niche conservatism or divergence was assessed by similarity tests.ResultsWe introduced a simple procedure for evaluating ESMs based on the pooling of the statistics used to assess model accuracy from the replicates. Despite fairly high AUC and TSS values, 2 of the 23 subclade models did not perform better than null models and should be discarded. Combined predictions from subclade models contributed, on average, five times more than clade models to the total suitable area predicted by the combination of subclade and clade models. The D and I metrics averaged 0.45 and 0.71, with evidence for niche conservatism in half of the species and no signal for niche divergence.Main conclusionsIn addition to the assessment of ESM accuracy based on the simple procedure described here, we recommend that ESMs should be systematically evaluated against null models. Lumping or splitting occurrence data at the intraspecific level substantially impacted model projections. Given the poor performance of models based on small datasets, even when employing ESMs, we pragmatically suggest that, in the absence of evidence for niche divergence during diversification of closely related intraspecific lineages, SDMs should be based on all available occurrence data at the species level.
Natural language markers of social phenotype in girls with autism
Authors: Song Amber , Cola Meredith , Plate Samantha , Petrulla Victoria , Yankowitz Lisa , Pandey Juhi , Schultz Robert T. , Parish‐Morris Julia 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundGirls with autism spectrum condition (ASC) are chronically underdiagnosed compared to boys, which may be due to poorly understood sex differences in a variety of domains, including social interest and motivation. In this study, we use natural language processing to identify objective markers of social phenotype that are easily obtained from a brief conversation with a nonexpert.Methods87 school‐aged children and adolescents with ASC (17 girls, 33 boys) or typical development (TD; 15 girls, 22 boys) were matched on age (mean = 11.35 years), IQ estimates (mean = 107), and – for ASC participants – level of social impairment. Participants engaged in an informal 5‐min ‘get to know you’ conversation with a nonexpert conversation partner. To measure attention to social groups, we analyzed first‐person plural pronoun variants (e.g., ‘we’ and ‘us’) and third‐person plural pronoun variants (e.g., ‘they’ and ‘them’).ResultsConsistent with prior research suggesting greater social motivation in autistic girls, autistic girls talked more about social groups than did ASC boys. Compared to TD girls, autistic girls demonstrated atypically heightened discussion of groups they were not a part of (‘they’, ‘them’), indicating potential awareness of social exclusion. Pronoun use predicted individual differences in the social phenotypes of autistic girls.ConclusionsRelatively heightened but atypical social group focus is evident in autistic girls during spontaneous conversation, which contrasts with patterns observed in autistic boys and TD girls. Quantifying subtle linguistic differences in verbally fluent autistic girls is an important step toward improved identification and support for this understudied sector of the autism spectrum.
Is an 8‐week regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir sufficient for all hepatitis C virus infected patients in the real‐world experience?
Authors: Zarębska‐Michaluk Dorota , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Pabjan Paweł , Łapiński Tadeusz W , Mazur Włodzimierz , Krygier Rafał , Dybowska Dorota , Halota Waldemar , Pawłowska Małgorzata , Janczewska Ewa , Buczyńska Iwona , Simon Krzysztof , Dobracka Beata , Citko Jolanta , Laurans Łukasz , Tudrujek‐Zdunek Magdalena , Tomasiewicz Krzysztof , Piekarska Anna , Sitko Marek , Białkowska‐Warzecha Jolanta , Klapaczyński Jakub , Sobala‐Szczygieł Barbara , Horban Andrzej , Berak Hanna , Deroń Zbigniew , Lorenc Beata , Socha Łukasz , Tronina Olga , Flisiak Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe revolution of the antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection resulting in higher effectiveness came with the introduction of direct‐acting antivirals with pangenotypic regimens as a final touch. Among them, the combination of glecaprevir (GLE) and pibrentasvir (PIB) provides the opportunity for shortening therapy to 8 weeks in the majority of patients. Because of still insufficient evaluation of this regimen in the real‐world experience, our study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 8‐week GLE/PIB in chronic hepatitis C patients depending on liver fibrosis and genotype (GT).MethodsThe analysis included patients who received GLE/PIB for 8 weeks selected from the EpiTer‐2 database, large retrospective national real‐world study evaluating antiviral treatment in 12 584 individuals in 22 Polish hepatology centers.ResultsA total of 1034 patients with female predominance (52%) were enrolled in the analysis. The majority of them were treatment naïve (94%), presented liver fibrosis (F) of F0–F3 (92%), with the most common GT1b, followed by GT3. The overall sustained virologic response after exclusion of nonvirologic failures was achieved in 95.8% and 98%, respectively (P = 0.19). In multivariate logistic regression HCV GT‐3 (beta = 0.07, P = 0.02) and HIV infection (beta = −0.14, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of nonresponse.ConclusionsWe demonstrated high effectiveness of 8‐week GLE/PIB treatment in a non‐GT3 population irrespective of liver fibrosis stage. Comparable efficacy was achieved in non‐cirrhotic patients regardless of the genotype, including GT3 HCV.
Independent risk factors for acute hospital patients' reduced ability to hear electronic axillary thermometer alarms
Authors: Koyano Yuiko , Noguchi Hiroshi , Hatoya Ayumi , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimHearing loss prevalence increases dramatically with age. However, no prior studies exist regarding the prevalence and factors related to reduced ability to hear alarm sounds using electronic axillary thermometers. This study aimed to investigate the number of individuals with a reduced ability to hear the alarm sound of the electronic axillary thermometers among participants over 20 and 65 years old (Objective 1) and to identify the factors associated with reduced ability to hear the alarm sound (Objective 2).MethodsIn this 5‐month cross‐sectional study, the participants, aged ≥20 years, were recruited from samples of patients at an acute hospital. The outcome measured was the average number of seconds for each participant between the axillary placement of a thermometer tip and their report of hearing the alarm, performed three times per patient.ResultsComplete data were obtained from 107 participants, with 58 (54.2%) showing a reduced ability to hear the alarm. The prevalence of reduced ability to hear the alarm was 69.5% (>65 years older). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age was the factor most significantly associated with reduced hearing ability. Age 70 was determined as the cut‐off point for ability to hear the alarm.ConclusionsThis is a serious issue, as many individuals with the inability to hear the alarm sound use the electronic axillary thermometer with the alarm sound. For a reliable measurement of body temperature, digital thermometers need alternative alarm signals, (e.g., vibration) for self‐use by adults ≥70 years to correctly measure body temperature.
Clinical effectiveness of metacognitive training as a transdiagnostic program in routine clinical settings: A prospective, multicenter, single‐group study
Authors: Tanoue Hiroki , Yoshinaga Naoki , Hayashi Yuta , Ishikawa Ryotaro , Ishigaki Takuma , Ishida Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of metacognitive training (MCT) as a transdiagnostic program, on a diverse population with mental disorders in routine Japanese day‐care settings.MethodsThis study employed a prospective, multicenter, single‐group pre‐post design. Participants diagnosed with various mental disorders received 10 MCT group sessions. We set transdiagnostic outcomes to assess quality of life, global functioning, cognitive insight, and depressive symptoms. At the end of the MCT, we also evaluated participants' satisfaction with treatment. Assessments were conducted at baseline (Pre), Week 5 (Mid), Week 10 (Post), and Week 14 (follow‐up: FU).ResultsThirty‐four participants enrolled in the study and received MCT (schizophrenia = 22, non‐schizophrenia = 12). Intent‐to‐treat analyses revealed significant improvements in quality of life/global functioning during the intervention period, and further improvements were observed during the follow‐up (all p < .05). The Pre–FU treatment effect sizes for quality of life and global functioning were small (Hedge's g = 0.44 and 0.47, respectively). Significant improvements were also found in depressive symptoms during both the intervention and follow‐up periods (all p < .05), but not in cognitive insight. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the MCT content and format. Scores on almost all outcomes (except for depression) at each assessment point were not significantly different between the schizophrenic and non‐schizophrenic sub‐groups.ConclusionsDespite several limitations, mainly due to small sample size and having no control conditions, our results suggest that MCT for a diverse population with mental disorders is a potentially effective approach in improving quality of life/global functioning and other clinical outcomes in routine day‐care settings.
Psychometric examination of the Japanese translation of the Satter eating competence Inventory‐2.0™ for parents of fifth and sixth grade students
Authors: Yasuzato Maiko , Kikuchi Ryota , Kawahara Tae , Nakayama Yuichi , Yamazaki Akemi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo verify the reliability and validity of a Japanese translation of the Satter eating competence Inventory‐2.0™ (ecSI‐2.0™) for parents of fifth and sixth grade elementary school students.MethodsParticipants were parents who prepared meals for their children aged 10–12 years. A preliminary study was conducted with 11 parents using semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires, followed by a main study of 2,825 parents. Internal consistency and test–retest methods were used to verify reliability. Face and content validity were confirmed in the preliminary study, and feasibility was examined by the valid response rate and response time. Construct validity was verified using factor validity and known population validity.ResultsOf the 2,825 persons surveyed, 626 returned valid responses, and among the 60 persons who received the re‐survey, 48 returned valid responses. The average score of the Japanese translation of the ecSI‐2.0™ was 33.1 (SD ± 7.8) points. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was .87 and ranged from .67–.79 for the four subscales. The test–retest method confirmed the scale's stability. Factor analysis confirmed that reproducibility of the four factors was similar to the original version. In the examination of known population validity, the same correlation as the original edition was confirmed.ConclusionsThe Japanese translation of the ecSI‐2.0™ may be reliable and valid for understanding eating competence related to behavior of parents of school‐age children.