bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice‐Controlled Intelligent Personal Assistants to Support Aging in Place
Authors: O'Brien Katherine , Liggett Anna , Ramirez‐Zohfeld Vanessa , Sunkara Priya , Lindquist Lee A. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMany older adults wish to age in place, and voice‐controlled intelligent personal assistants (VIPAs; eg, Amazon Echo and Google Home) potentially could support unmet home needs. No prior studies have researched the real‐world use of VIPAs among older adults. We sought to explore how older adults and caregivers utilize VIPAs.DESIGN/MEASUREMENTRetrospective review of all verified purchase reviews of the Amazon Echo posted on Amazon.com between January 2015 and January 2018, with filtering for health‐related older adult key words. Open‐ended reviews were qualitatively analyzed to identify relevant themes.RESULTSOn retrieval, there were 73 549 reviews; and with subsequent key word filtering, 125 total reviews were subsequently analyzed. Five major themes were identified: (1) entertainment (“For two very senior citizens…we have really had fun with Echo. She tells us jokes, answers questions, plays music.); (2) companionship (“A senior living alone…I now have Alex to talk to.”); (3) home control; (4) reminders (“I needed something that would provide me with information I couldn't remember well, such as the date, day, or my schedule…I highly recommend for anyone with memory challenges”); and (5) emergency communication. Several felt it reduced burdening caregivers. “…You also feel guilt from fear of overburdening your caregivers. Alexa has alleviated much of this.” Specifically, caregivers found that: “By making playlists of songs from her youth whoever is providing care, family or professional caregiver, can simply request the right song for the moment in order to sooth, redirect, or distract Mom.” Alternatively, negative reviewers felt the VIPA misunderstood them or could not adequately respond to specific health questions.CONCLUSIONVIPAs are a low‐cost artificial intelligence that can support older adults in the home and potentially reduce caregiver burden. This study is the first to explore VIPA use among older adults, and further studies are needed to examine the direct benefits of VIPAs in supporting aging in place. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:176–179, 2019
Impact of social support in preventing burnout syndrome in nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Velando‐Soriano Almudena , Ortega‐Campos Elena , Gómez‐Urquiza José L. , Ramírez‐Baena Lucía , De La Fuente Emilia I. , Cañadas‐De La Fuente Guilllermo A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimBurnout is a reality in the nursing profession. It is composed of three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, and results from being subjected to chronic stress in the healthcare context. Social support (SS), that is, the assistance and protection given by others, is a predictive and protective factor against burnout syndrome. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between SS, in its different forms, and burnout syndrome in nurses, and to identify the risk factors for burnout.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out, following the PRISMA recommendations. The databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, Proquest Platform (Proquest Health & Medical Complete), Pubmed and Scopus were consulted, using the descriptors: “burnout, professional AND social support AND nursing”. To minimize potential publication bias, the search had no time or sample size limitation.ResultsBurnout was reported, to a greater or lesser extent, in all the articles analyzed, and the SS received by nurses in the workplace from supervisors and coworkers was found to play a fundamental role in preventing the syndrome. However, to date the bibliography on this issue is scant, and there is little consensus as to the degree of SS received.ConclusionsBurnout prevention plans, with particular attention to SS, should be developed to improve nurses' quality of life and to enhance the care they provide.
Taking the longer view: Explaining Multicultural London English and Multicultural Paris French
Authors: Cheshire Jenny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article explores the perplexing outcomes of comparative research projects in London and Paris on language change in multilingual areas of the cities populated by large numbers of recent immigrants with very diverse language backgrounds. In London, as in many other northern European cities, language contact on such a large scale has resulted in the emergence of a “multiethnolect”: a repertoire of innovative linguistic forms used by young people of all ethnicities, including monolingual non‐immigrant speakers. In Paris, however, there was no such repertoire. I propose four factors that are necessary for a multiethnolect to emerge and that explain why similar processes of population movement, immigration, and globalization have produced such different linguistic outcomes in London and Paris. These factors remind us that language evolution, like language use, is constrained not only by the social characteristics of individuals but also by the socio‐cultural historical contexts in which individuals live.
Immunoreactive insulin stability in horses at risk of insulin dysregulation
Authors: Leschke Dakota H. , Muir Genevieve S. , Hodgson Jack K. , Coyle Mitchell , Horn Remona , Bertin François‐René 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiseases associated with insulin dysregulation (ID), such as equine metabolic syndrome and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, are of interest to practitioners because of their association with laminitis. Accurate insulin concentration assessment is critical in diagnosing and managing these diseases.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the effect of time, temperature, and collection tube type on insulin concentrations in horses at risk of ID.AnimalsEight adult horses with body condition score >6/9.MethodsIn this prospective study, subjects underwent an infeed oral glucose test 2 hours before blood collection. Blood samples were divided into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, heparinized, or serum tubes and stored at 4 or 20°C. Tubes were centrifuged and analyzed for insulin by a chemiluminescent assay over 8 days. Changes in insulin concentrations were compared with a linear mixed effects model.ResultsAn overall effect of time, tube type and temperature was identified (P = .01, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). Serum and heparinized samples had similar concentrations for 3 days at 20°C and 8 days at 4°C; however, after 3 days at 20°C, heparinized samples had significantly higher insulin concentrations (P = .004, P = .03, and P = .03 on consecutive days). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid samples had significantly lower insulin concentrations regardless of time and temperature (P = .001 for all comparisons).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results suggest an ideal protocol to determine insulin concentrations involves using serum or heparinized samples with analysis occurring within 3 days at 20°C or 8 days at 4°C.
Interaction among ploidy, breeding system and lineage diversification
Authors: Zenil‐Ferguson Rosana , Burleigh J. Gordon , Freyman William A. , Igić Boris , Mayrose Itay , Goldberg Emma E. 
Published: October 2019

Summary

If particular traits consistently affect rates of speciation and extinction, broad macroevolutionary patterns can be interpreted as consequences of selection at high levels of the biological hierarchy. Identifying traits associated with diversification rates is difficult because of the wide variety of characters under consideration and the statistical challenges of testing for associations from comparative phylogenetic data. Ploidy (diploid vs polyploid states) and breeding system (self‐incompatible vs self‐compatible states) are both thought to be drivers of differential diversification in angiosperms.

We fit 29 diversification models to extensive trait and phylogenetic data in Solanaceae and investigate how speciation and extinction rate differences are associated with ploidy, breeding system, and the interaction between these traits.

We show that diversification patterns in Solanaceae are better explained by breeding system and an additional unobserved factor, rather than by ploidy. We also find that the most common evolutionary pathway to polyploidy in Solanaceae occurs via direct breakdown of self‐incompatibility by whole genome duplication, rather than indirectly via breakdown followed by polyploidization.

Comparing multiple stochastic diversification models that include complex trait interactions alongside hidden states enhances our understanding of the macroevolutionary patterns in plant phylogenies.
The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications
Authors: Ryan Jennifer D. , Shen Kelly , Liu Zhong‐Xu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDecades of cognitive neuroscience research has shown that where we look is intimately connected to what we remember. In this article, we review findings from human and nonhuman animals, using behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and computational modeling methods, to show that the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems interact in a reciprocal manner, on a moment‐to‐moment basis, mediated by a vast structural and functional network. Visual exploration serves to efficiently gather information from the environment for the purpose of creating new memories, updating existing memories, and reconstructing the rich, vivid details from memory. Conversely, memory increases the efficiency of visual exploration. We call for models of oculomotor control to consider the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the cognitive control of eye movements, and for models of hippocampal and broader medial temporal lobe function to consider the influence of the oculomotor system on the development and expression of memory. We describe eye movement–based applications for the detection of neurodegeneration and delivery of therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders for which the hippocampus is implicated and memory dysfunctions are at the forefront.
Prognostic role of RECK in pathological outcome‐dependent buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chih , Tseng Yu‐Kai , Shu Chih‐Wen , Fu Ting‐Ying , Liou Huei‐Han , Huang Cheng‐Hui , Chen Chien‐Chou , Wang Jyh‐Seng , Wu Pi‐Chuang , Ger Luo‐Ping , Hung Wen‐Chun , Liu Pei‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBuccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) is an aggressive oral cancer. Moreover, reversion‐inducing cysteine‐rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a well‐known tumor suppressor in many cancers. Our aim was to investigate the association of RECK expression with prognosis in BMSCC patients with different clinicopathological features.Materials and MethodsThe expression level of RECK was determined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing specimens from 193 BMSCC patients. The association of RECK expression with outcomes in BMSCC patients stratified by different clinicopathological features was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe low expression level of RECK was associated with shorter disease‐specific survival, especially in patients with age >40 years, moderate or poor cell differentiation, advanced pathological stage, and history of postoperative radiotherapy. However, the low expression level of RECK was not associated with poor disease‐free survival, except in BMSCC patients with age ≦40 years, advanced pathological stage and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, RECK‐knockdowned cells showed higher cell viability and abilities of invasion/migration, indicating that RECK might be a tumor suppressor for tumor progression in oral cancer.ConclusionThe low expression of RECK might be a potential prognostic biomarker for pathological outcome‐dependent BMSCC patients.
Establishing temperate crustose early Holocene coralline algae as archives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the shallow water habitats of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ragazzola Federica , Caragnano Annalisa , Basso Daniela , Schmidt Daniela N. , Fietzke Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past decades, coralline algae have increasingly been used as archives of palaeoclimate information due to their seasonal growth bands and their vast distribution from high latitudes to the tropics. Traditionally, these reconstructions have been performed mainly on high latitude species, limiting the geographical area of their potential use. Here we assess the use of temperate crustose fossil coralline algae from shallow water habitats for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to generate records of past climate change. We determine the potential of three different species of coralline algae, Lithothamnion minervae, Lithophyllum stictaeforme and Mesophyllum philippii, with different growth patterns, as archives for pH (δ11B) and temperature (Mg/Ca) reconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. Mg concentration is driven by temperature but modulated by growth rate, which is controlled by species‐specific and intraspecific growth patterns. L. minervae is a good temperature recorder, showing a moderate warming trend in specimens from 11.37 cal ka BP (from 14.2 ± 0.4°C to 14.9 ± 0.15°C) to today. In contrast to Mg, all genera showed consistent values of boron isotopes (δ11B) suggesting a common control on boron incorporation. The recorded δ11B in modern and fossil coralline specimens is in agreement with literature data about early Holocene pH, opening new perspectives of coralline‐based, high‐resolution pH reconstructions in deep time.
Engineering plant virus resistance: from RNA silencing to genome editing strategies
Authors: Zhao Yaling , Yang Xin , Zhou Guohui , Zhang Tong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryViral diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant virus resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. In the last decades, several modern technologies were applied in plant antiviral engineering. Here we summarized breakthroughs of the two major antiviral strategies, RNA silencing and genome editing. RNA silencing strategy has been used in antiviral breeding for more than thirty years, and many crops engineered to stably express small RNAs targeting various viruses have been approved for commercial release. Genome editing technology has emerged in the past decade, especially CRISPR/Cas, which provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant virus resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Finally, we discuss the potential of these technologies for breeding crops, and the challenges and solutions they may face in the future.
Syndromes associated with multiple pilomatricomas: When should clinicians be concerned?
Authors: Ciriacks Kevin , Knabel Daniel , Waite Megan Brittany 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple pilomatricomas have been linked to various syndromes. However, these associations are poorly defined, leaving practitioners conflicted on management of these patients.ObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive review to clarify the strength of these relationships and identify which patients may benefit from additional screening and/or genetic screening.MethodsA literature search was performed using the PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases. Syndromic, familial, and sporadic cases of multiple pilomatricomas were stratified based on number of pilomatricomas. This information was graphed for visual comparison.ResultsSixty‐six syndromic cases from 52 publications were identified, with the majority (54) of cases representing myotonic dystrophy, familial adenomatous polyposis‐related syndromes (including Gardner syndrome), Turner syndrome, or Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome. Twenty‐five of the 54 cases (46.3%) had six or more pilomatricomas. Of sporadic cases, 128 out of 134 (95.5%) had five or less pilomatricomas.LimitationsMost articles were case reports and series, which are vulnerable to publication bias. Specific details were not explicitly noted in some original articles, and incomplete data could not always be included in analysis. Syndromes may have been missed in sporadic cases.ConclusionThe presence of six or more pilomatricomas is highly suggestive of an underlying syndrome (>95% specificity). These patients should undergo additional screening. Patients with less than six pilomatricomas and family history of myotonic dystrophy, first‐degree relative with colon cancer or FAP‐related syndrome, or family history of pilomatricomas should also undergo further screening.
Comparative analysis of the phototoxicity induced by BRAF inhibitors and alleviation through antioxidants
Authors: Heppt Markus V. , Clanner‐Engelshofen Benjamin M. , Marsela Enklajd , Wessely Anja , Kammerbauer Claudia , Przybilla Bernhard , French Lars E. , Berking Carola , Reinholz Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmall molecules tackling mutated BRAF (BRAFi) are an important mainstay of targeted therapy in a variety of cancers including melanoma. Albeit commonly reported as side effect, the phototoxic potential of many BRAFi is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the phototoxicity of 17 distinct agents and investigated whether BRAFi‐induced phototoxicity can be alleviated by antioxidants.MethodsThe ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance of 17 BRAFi was determined. Their phototoxic potential was investigated independently with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in vitro. To test for a possible phototoxicity alleviation by antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E phosphate, trolox, and glutathione (GSH) were added to the 3T3 assay of selected inhibitors.ResultsThe highest cumulative absorbance for both UVA and UVB was detected for vemurafenib. The formation of ROS was more pronounced for all compounds after irradiation with UVA than with UVB. In the 3T3 NRU assay, 8 agents were classified as phototoxic, including vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib. There was a significant correlation between the formation of singlet oxygen (P = .026) and superoxide anion (P < .001) and the phototoxicity observed in the 3T3 NRU assay. The phototoxicity of vemurafenib was fully rescued in the 3T3 NRU assay after GSH was added at different concentrations.ConclusionOur study confirms that most of the BRAF inhibitors exhibited a considerable phototoxic potential, predominantly after exposure to UVA. GSH may help treat and prevent the phototoxicity induced by vemurafenib.
CEO research orientation, organizational context, and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: van de Wal Nino , Boone Christophe , Gilsing Victor , Walrave Bob 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study develops and tests a comprehensive framework that explains what, when, and how CEO characteristics influence firms’ innovation outcomes in R&D‐intensive industries. Empirical evidence from 109 CEOs from 87 U.S.‐based pharmaceutical firms over the period 2001–2013 reveals that research‐oriented CEOs – those with ability and motivation for science and technology – increase their firms’ innovation outcomes. The results indicate that the CEO–innovation relationship strongly depends on the extent of CEOs’ managerial discretion, which is shaped by the organizational context. We contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of CEOs in firms´ innovation performance differentials.
Diclofenac attenuates inflammation through TLR4 pathway and improves exercise performance after exhaustive swimming
Authors: Steckling Flávia M. , Lima Frederico D. , Farinha Juliano B. , Rosa Pamela Carvalho , Royes Luiz Fernando Freire , Cuevas Maria J. , Bresciani Guilherme , Soares Félix Alexandre , González‐Gallego Javier , Barcelos Rômulo P. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe use of NSAIDs has become a common practice to counteract the pro‐inflammatory acute effects of exercise, in order to improve sports performance. The liver, due to its central role in energy metabolism, may be involved primarily in the process of ROS generation and consequently inflammation after exhaustive exercise.ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of diclofenac on the liver TLR4 pathway and time to exhaustion in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming.MethodsAn exhaustive test was performed in order to mimic athletes’ routine, and inflammatory status and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in the liver. Animals were divided into sedentary and exhaustion groups, with this last performing three exhaustive swimming bouts. At the same time, diclofenac or saline was pre‐administered once a day for nine days.ResultsData showed significantly increased COX‐2, TLR4, and MyD88 protein content in the liver after exhaustive swimming bouts. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines also increased after exhaustive exercise, while these effects were attenuated in the group treated with diclofenac plus exhaustive swimming bouts. The anti‐inflammatory modulation provoked by diclofenac treatment was associated with an increased time to exhaustion in the exercise bouts. The exhaustive exercise increased TBARS formation, but diclofenac treatment blunted this elevation, while GSH/GSSG ratios in both exhaustion‐saline and exhaustion‐diclofenac‐treated groups were lower than in the sedentary‐saline group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that diclofenac may improve exercise performance and represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro‐inflammatory status in liver when associated with exhaustive exercise, and the liver may be a possible therapeutic target.
Accuracy of placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs with spinal deformities with three‐dimensionally printed patient‐specific drill guides
Authors: Elford James H. , Oxley Bill , Behr Sebastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine of dogs with spinal deformities with three‐dimensionally (3D) printed patient‐specific drill guides.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationSix dogs in which sixty pedicle screws were placed in the thoracolumbar spine.MethodsMedical records were searched between June 2017 and June 2018 for dogs with clinical signs associated with a thoracolumbar vertebral malformation. Inclusion criteria included MRI and computed tomography (CT) data that were used to create 3D printed patient‐specific drill guides. All dogs were stabilized dorsally with guided bicortical pedicle screws and polymethylmethacrylate. Accuracy of screw placement was assessed by immediately postoperative CT according to a modified Zdichavsky classification.ResultsFive pugs and one French bulldog met the inclusion criteria. Sixty bicortical pedicle screws were placed; 96.7% were graded as I (optimal placement), and 3.3% were classified as IIa (partial penetration of the medial pedicle wall) according to a modified Zdichavsky classification.ConclusionThree‐dimensionally printed patient‐specific drill guides allowed safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine in dogs with vertebral malformation.Clinical significanceThree‐dimensionally printed patient‐specific drill guides are a safe and effective method of placing pedicle screws in dogs with thoracolumbar vertebral malformations.