bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF EYES COMFORT, EYES SAFETY, PRICE, AND LIFESTYLE ON THE CHOICE OF GLASSES AND SOFTLEN VISION TOOLS
Authors: Novitasari Yuanita 
Published: March 2020

Mata adalah sistem optik yang berfungsi mengfokuskan berkas cahaya. Adanya kelainan refraksi akan menurunkan fungsi dari mata sebagai sistem penglihatan. Kelainan refraksi dapat diatasi dengan koreksi refraksi. Koreksi kelainan refraksi dapat dengan penggunaan kacamata ataupun softlens sebagai alat bantu. Semakin beragam mode kacamata dan softlens yang berkembang di masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Indonesia menyebabkan kacamata dan softlen bukan hanya sebagai alat bantu penglihatan saja tetapi juga untuk kepentingan fashion dan untuk mempercantik penampilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kenyamanan mata, keamanan mata, harga dan gaya hidup terhadap pemilihan alat bantu penglihatan kacamata dan softlens. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien yang datang ke optik di Bekasi dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan terakhir. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa variabel-variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan alat bantu kacamata dan softlens adalah gaya hidup dan harga, sedangkan kenyaman mata dan keamanan mata tidak berpengaruh
Supracondylar fracture, buried vs non buried K wires.
Authors: Saeed Usama Bin , Waseem Muhammad , Hassan Allah Rakha , Khan Zeeshan Ali , Gill Dilshad , Ahmad Shahbaz 
Published: March 2020

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is the second most common fracture in children (16.6%), and is most common fracture around the elbow in children comprise (60%) to (75%) of all elbow fractures. There is very little data available about the burier of wires under the skin reduces the pin tract infection rate as low as 2.27%.2 Objectives: To compare the frequency of pin tract infection between nonburied and buried K-wires after open reduction internal fixation in supracondylar fracture of humerus in children. Study Design: Prospective Cohort Study. Setting: Department of Orthopedics Surgery & Traumatology Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: From June 2014 - June 2017. Material & Methods: Patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. All patients were registered in ER with a history of trauma and having the diagnosis of Supracondylar fracture. Two groups were made; Group A (Buried), Group B (Non-buried). They were followed for the signs of infection. Results: Out of 80 cases 45 (56.3 %) were male and 35 (43.8 %) female. In group A (non-buried) there were 40 patients and Mean age was 7.57± 2.07 years, pin tract were infected in 8 (20%) patients and there were no pin tract infection in 32 (80%) patients. And in group B (buried) there were 40 patients and mean age was 7.38± 2.17 years, Pin tract was infected in 1(2.5%) patient and there were no pin tract infection in 39(97.5%). Conclusion: Our study showed that rate of infection is significantly reduced in burying of K-wires after open reduction and internal fixation of supracondylar fractures as compared to non-burying technique.
Frequency of maternal and neonatal complications associated with second stage caesarean section in Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Ali Sana Mubarak , Karamat Shahida , Jabbar Khawaja Asifa Abdul , Urooj Huma , Shaikh Farheen , Farooq Saima , Zeba Nudrat 
Published: March 2020

Normal vaginal delivery is not replaced by caesarean section over the period of last century in spite of being safer in terms of maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality and even cost. The trend of caesarean section increasing day by day, which is being a huge concern in many parts of the world. Objectives: To assess the frequency of maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with second stage caesarean section. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Study Setting: Gynecology and Obstetrics unit 3, Civil Hospital Karachi. Period: June to November 2015. Material & Methods: A total of 123 pregnant women undergoing second stage caesarean section were included in this study. Data regarding demographic characteristics and complications during caesarean section were identified and noted. Neonatal outcome records were also collected on predesign pro-forma. Results: Primary postpartum hemorrhage was 14.6% cases; extension of a transverse uterine incision 7.3% and need of blood transfusions 17.1% cases as well as 30.1% of the women had a hospital stay of three to five days. There were 86.2% alive babies, 7.3% still births and 13% early neonatal deaths. 13% neonates required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Overall, maternal and neonatal morbidities during second stage caesarean sections were not very high.
Hubungan Antara Disiplin, Kompensasi Dengan Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pusat Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh Lapan, JakartaTimur
Authors: Syahyuni Dedy 
Published: March 2020

Dalam setiap organisasi baik swasta atau pemerintahan, salah satu perhatian dari bagian atau divisi manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah eningkatan kinerja karyawannya. Hal ini terus diperhatikan dan ditingkatkan sehubungan dengan semakin tingginya tuntutan dari masyatakat. Peningkatan laba atau efektifikas dan efisiensi kerja di perusahaan swasta atau peningkatan mutu pelayanan dari organisasi pemerintah terus diperhatikan oleh stake holder masing masing. Telah banyak penelitian dan tulisan ilmiah yang membahas permaslahan kinerja akan tetapi tulisan ini mencoba membahas bagaimana sebuah organisasi pemerintah meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kinerja dari para karyawanannya. Biasanya kinerja banyak dipengaruhi oleh motivasi dan pelatihan akan tetapi tulisan ini mencoba membahas cara organisasi pemerintah dalam hal ini Pusat Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh (Lapan), JakartaTimur dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dan hubunganya dengan kompensasi dan disiplin kerja. Sebagai responden dari tulisan ini adalah para karyawan yang bekerja Pada Pusat Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh (Lapan), Jakarta Timur. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskrptif dimana mencoba untuk melihat hubungan diantara variabel yaitu variabel Disiplin kerja, kompensasi dan hubungannya dengan kinerja karyawan. Key Word: Disiplin, Kompensasi dan kinerja
Normative policy coherence for development and policy networks
Authors: Häbel Sandra 
Published: March 2020

English abstract: The European Union (EU) is often understood as a normative power. However, based on a case study of European policy networks in Vietnam, this article shows that despite the EU’s commitment to norms and transformative development, norms are not a priority in the implementation of development policies. Rather, norm promotion is delegated to political and diplomatic representatives, whereas development and trade representatives are responsible for technical work. Consequently, policy networks created around these four sectors tend to operate separately from each other, undermining the spillover of norms from diplomatic and political networks to development and trade networks. As a result, this article shows that the structural–institutional separation of sectoral policy networks is one of the EU’s systemic characteristics that restrict normative policy coherence for development.Spanish abstract: La Unión Europea (UE) es considerada un poder normativo, comprometida con las normas y el desarrollo transformativo. En cambio, usando un caso de estudio de redes europeas políticas en Vietnam, este artículo demuestra que las normas no son prioridad en la implementación de políticas de desarrollo. Al contrario, la promoción de normas se delega a representantes políticos y diplomáticos, mientras que los representantes del desarrollo y comercio se hacen cargo del trabajo técnico. Consecuentemente las redes políticas de estos cuatro sectores tienden a aislarse, dificultando la transferencia de las normas de redes políticas y diplomáticas a redes de desarrollo y comercio. El resultado demuestra que la separación estructuro–institucional de las redes políticas sectoriales es una de las características sistémicas de la UE que restringen la coherencia normativa de políticas para el desarrollo.French abstract: L’Union européenne est souvent considérée comme une puissance normative. Cependant, sur la base d’une étude de cas de réseaux de politiques publiques au Vietnam, cet article montre que, malgré son engagement normatif et de développement réformateur, les normes ne sont pas une priorité dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques de développement. Au contraire, leur promotion est déléguée aux représentants politiques et diplomatiques, tandis que les représentants du développement et du commerce sont responsables des travaux techniques. Par conséquent, les réseaux politiques créés autour de ces quatre secteurs ont tendance à fonctionner séparément les uns des autres, ce qui compromet le transfert des normes des réseaux diplomatiques et politiques aux réseaux de développement et du commerce. Ainsi, cet article montre que la séparation structuro-institutionnelle des réseaux sectoriels de politiques publiques est l’une des caractéristiques systémiques de l’UE qui restreint leur cohérence normative en matière de développement.
Coffee farmers' perception of bat guano as fertilizer in agroecosystems of Mexico
Authors: Torres-Jiménez M. Guadalupe , Murrieta-Galindo Rene , Bolívar-Cimé Beatriz , Wojtarowski-Leal Astrid , Piñar-Álvarez M. Angeles 
Published: March 2020

English abstract:
The abuse of inorganic fertilizers in coffee agroecosystems is a worldwide problem. In central Mexico, organic fertilizers are being introduced as an alternative way to restore soil fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate coffee farmers from central Veracruz’s perceptions of bat guano as organic fertilizer. Surveys were conducted with closed and open questions followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Eighty-eight percent of the farmers surveyed negatively perceived bat guano. Factors influencing this perception were bats’ physical appearance, their role as disease transmitters, and the difficulties in procuring guano, including the resources needed to extract it, handle it, and transport it safely to their workplaces.Spanish abstract:
El abuso de fertilizantes inorgánicos en los agroecosistemas del café es un problema mundial. En el centro de México se comienzan a emplear fertilizantes orgánicos como alternativa para restaurar los suelos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la percepción de los caficultores sobre el empleo del guano de murciélago como fertilizante. Se realizaron encuestas con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se analizaron cuantitativa y cualtitativamente. El ochenta y ocho por ciento de los cafeticultores encuestados percibieron negativamente al guano de murciélago. Los factores que influyeron en esta percepción fueron: la apariencia física de los murciélagos, su rol como transmisores de enfermedades y las dificultades para adquirir el guano, incluyendo los recursos necesarios para extraerlo, manipularlo y transportarlo de manera segura a sus fincas cafetaleras.French abstract:
L’abus d’engrais inorganiques dans les agroécosystèmes de café est un problème mondial. Dans le centre du Mexique, les engrais biologiques commencent à être utilisés pour restaurer les sols. Notre recherche se proposait d’étudier la perception de l’utilisation du guano de chauve-souris comme engrais organique par les caféiculteurs. Des enquêtes semi-structurées (comprenant des questions ouvertes et fermées) ont été menées à partir de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Quatrevingt-huit pour cent des agriculteurs interrogés perçoivent ce guano de manière négative. Parmi les facteurs qui influencent cette perception se trouvent l’apparence physique des chauves-souris, la transmission de maladies et les difficultés pour acquérir le guano, y compris les ressources nécessaires pour l’extraire, le manipuler et le transporter en toute sécurité vers leurs exploitations.
Functional multi-track and multilevel economic diplomacy to strengthen trade relations between Indonesia, Chile, and Peru
Authors: Tobing Fredy B.L. , Virgianita Asra 
Published: March 2020

English abstract:
This article analyzes the causes of low trade relations between Indonesia and Latin American states, arguing that dynamics of international political economy have opened opportunities to increase trade relations between those countries. Having good diplomatic and political relations with similar emerging economies, like Peru and Chile, should drive closer economic relations among them. A qualitative study was conducted using literature reviews, archival analysis, and in-depth interviews. Political will and lack of knowledge pertaining to the business character of each country hamper external relations. Thus, a functional multi-track diplomacy that incorporates state and non-state actors from various fields is crucial for enhancing economic relations among these countries. Trade relations can be particularly strengthened by maximizing cooperation among actors at various levels.Spanish abstract:
Este artículo analiza las débiles relaciones comerciales entre Indonesia y América Latina, argumentando que la dinámica de la economía política abre oportunidades para mejorar estas relaciones. Las buenas relaciones diplomáticas y políticas entre Perú y Chile, debería estrechar sus relaciones económicas. Pero la escasa voluntad política y falta de conocimiento del carácter empresarial de cada país, obstaculizan sus relaciones externas. La investigación incluyó revisión de literatura, análisis de archivos y entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de una diplomacia funcional de múltiples rutas que incorpore instituciones estatales y no estatales de diversos campos para mejorar las relaciones económicas. Las relaciones comerciales particularmente pueden fortalecerse entre países maximizando su recíproca cooperación en cada nivel (diplomacia multinivel).French abstract:
Cet article analyse les causes de la faiblesse des relations commerciales entre l’Indonésie et les pays d’Amérique latine en faisant valoir que la dynamique de l’économie politique internationale a ouvert des opportunités pour stimuler les relations commerciales entre ces pays. Cette étude qualitative a été menée sur la base d’une étude de la littérature existante, d’analyses archivistiques et d’entretiens approfondis. Le manque de volonté politique et surtout de connaissances réciproques des atouts commerciaux de ces pays entravent leurs relations extérieures. Ainsi, une diplomatie fonctionnelle à plusieurs voies qui intègre des diplomaties étatiques et non-étatiques dans divers domaines est-elle cruciale pour améliorer leurs relations économiques. Les relations commerciales peuvent notamment être renforcées en maximisant la coopération entre ces pays à chaque niveau (diplomatie multi-niveaux).
Functional outcomes at 2 years of age following treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: what do we know at the time of consult?
Authors: McClugage Samuel G. , Laskay Nicholas M. B. , Donahue Brian N. , Arynchyna Anastasia , Zimmerman Kathrin , Aban Inmaculada B. , Alford Elizabeth N. , Peralta-Carcelen Myriam , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Johnston James M. , Rocque Brandon G. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEPosthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity remains a significant problem in preterm infants. In the literature, there is a scarcity of data on the early disease process, when neurosurgeons are typically consulted for recommendations on treatment. Here, the authors sought to evaluate functional outcomes in premature infants at 2 years of age following treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Their goal was to determine the relationship between factors identifiable at the time of the initial neurosurgical consult and outcomes of patients when they are 2 years of age.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective chart review of premature infants treated for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity (grade III and IV) between 2003 and 2014. Information from three time points (birth, first neurosurgical consult, and 2 years of age) was collected on each patient. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between variables known at the time of the first neurosurgical consult and each of the outcome variables.RESULTSOne hundred thirty patients were selected for analysis. At 2 years of age, 16% of the patients had died, 88% had cerebral palsy/developmental delay (CP), 48% were nonverbal, 55% were nonambulatory, 33% had epilepsy, and 41% had visual impairment. In the logistic regression analysis, IVH grade was an independent predictor of CP (p = 0.004), which had an estimated probability of occurrence of 74% in grade III and 96% in grade IV. Sepsis at or before the time of consult was an independent predictor of visual impairment (p = 0.024), which had an estimated probability of 58%. IVH grade was an independent predictor of epilepsy (p = 0.026), which had an estimated probability of 18% in grade III and 43% in grade IV. The IVH grade was also an independent predictor of verbal function (p = 0.007), which had an estimated probability of 68% in grade III versus 41% in grade IV. A higher weeks gestational age (WGA) at birth was an independent predictor of the ability to ambulate (p = 0.0014), which had an estimated probability of 15% at 22 WGA and up to 98% at 36 WGA. The need for oscillating ventilation at consult was an independent predictor of death before 2 years of age (p = 0.001), which had an estimated probability of 42% in patients needing oscillating ventilation versus 13% in those who did not.CONCLUSIONSIVH grade was consistently an independent predictor of functional outcomes at 2 years. Gestational age at birth, sepsis, and the need for oscillating ventilation may also predict worse functional outcomes.
Retrospective review of 290 small carotid cave aneurysms over 17 years
Authors: Kalluri Aravind G. , Sukumaran Madhav , Nazari Pouya , Golnari Pedram , Ansari Sameer A. , Hurley Michael C. , Shaibani Ali , Jahromi Babak S. , Potts Matthew B. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEThe carotid cave is a unique intradural region located along the medial aspect of the internal carotid artery. Small carotid cave aneurysms confined within this space are bound by the carotid sulcus of the sphenoid bone and are thought to have a low risk of rupture or growth. However, there is a lack of data on the natural history of this subset of aneurysms.METHODSThe authors present a retrospective case series of 290 small (≤ 4 mm) carotid cave aneurysms evaluated and managed at their institution between January 2000 and June 2017.RESULTSNo patient presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage attributable to a carotid cave aneurysm, and there were no instances of aneurysm rupture or growth during 911.0 aneurysm-years of clinical follow-up or 726.3 aneurysm-years of imaging follow-up, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis series demonstrates the benign nature of small carotid cave aneurysms.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS FOR FIREFIGHTERS
Authors: Lushch V. , Voitovych D. , Lazarenko O. , Shtangret N. 
Published: March 2020

Issues of combating hazardous fire factors such as smoke and heat, which are being fought by the firefighters whit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA units) of State Emergency Service of Ukraine, remains one of the complicated tasks which should be solved by the operational units. The concentration of toxic substances in the first minutes of the fire are 12-100 times above the maximum. The average volume temperature in the first 5-10 minutes of fire can reach 140-900 оС. The rate of smoke spreading and toxic substances is very high. Every year, about 16 per 1 million people worldwide die from the cause of poisoning by combustion products during the fire, moreover, this trend is increasing every year.
Therefore, the effectiveness of rescuing people, eliminating fires and carrying out rescue operations in the non-breathable environment depends, largely, on the speed of carrying out such operative actions, with the help of technical means one of which is a thermal imaging camera (TIC). As foreign practice shows, firefighters have widely used TICs during firefighting, searching victims and reconnaissance, however, in Ukraine, these devices have only just begun to appear in SES units. Thus, the study of the assessment of the parameters of TICs and their subsequent comparison is an urgent scientific task. The solving of which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of fire elimination during firefighting with zero visibility and a large number of combustion products by the SCBA units. Accordingly, there is a need for developing an assessment technique of the TIC parameters, which ensure the effectiveness of reconnaissance, searching the sources of fire and rescue operations by the SCBA units.
The article describes the assessment methodology for estimating the parameters of TICs, according to which will be conducted experimental studies based on the fire module of Lviv State University of Life Safety. The aims of this study will identify the influence of fire environmental on the parameters of the TICs and on the efficiency of the reconnaissance process by the SCBA units in order to detect the fire cell and other issues. After conducting the research, comparative data will be presented that will allow to evaluate and select the most optimal variant of the TICs for the SES of Ukraine.
METHOD OF USING POLYSPAST SYSTEM FOR CONDUCTING EMERGENCY AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN A CONFINED SPACE (UNDERGROUND COLLECTORS, WELLS)
Authors: Smolyak D. , Baran Yu. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. According to the information of the State Labor Office of Ukraine, over the 12 months of 2018, 59 persons were injured at the enterprises of the water supply and sewerage system of Ukraine, including 2 persons were fatally injured. Within 5 months of 2019, 16 people were injured, with 4 deaths.
Water and sewerage managements of Ukraine is one of the most important systems of life support of settlements. Much of the water supply and sewerage network is in a state of disrepair and needs to be replaced and repaired. With the onset of summer, the intensity of repair, excavation and cleaning works, work in wells, ditches, trenches, closed spaces increases, which in turn increases the likelihood of accidents occurring during their execution.
Appointment. Limited (closed) spaces include tanks (tanks, tanks, boilers), wells, chimneys, narrow passageways in tunnels and cellars, and the like.
EAOUW - emergency and other urgent work.
Feature of EAOUW in confined spaces is:
- the possibility of accumulation of gaseous hazardous chemicals in high concentrations, explosive and poisonous gases, as a con- the difficulty of accessing rescuers to victims;
- limited amount of time for EAOUW;
- probability of landslides (landslides) during actions in earth wells;
- a sharp rise in groundwater and displacement of the well rings;
- threat of explosion or fire.
Methods. As the equipment of the climbing and special rescue equipment of the units of the operational and rescue service of civil protection is different, we will consider the use of the system of polyspast during rescue operations in a limited space (underground collectors, wells).
Results. Three experiments were conducted on the use of the polyspast system during emergency rescue and other emergency work in a confined space (underground collectors, wells).
Conclusion.Having analyzed the above-mentioned facts of accidents at work in underground collectors, wells and standard of accessory, costs and terms of operation of fire-rescue, technological and garage equipment, tools, individual armament and equipment, repair and operational materials of subdivisions of Ukraine mounting method of polyspast system with different equipment. Particular attention should be paid to the third experience, namely the mounting of a polyspast system using six fire carbines and a rope.