bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of multi-lineage gene expression dynamics during primordial germ cell induction from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fang Fang , Li Zili , Zhao Qian , Xiong Chengliang , Ni Ke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In mammals, specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is established in the early post­implantation embryo. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD and WNT3-β-catenin signaling initiate the gene regulatory network for PGC specification. The activation of SOX17-BLIMP1 axis is critical for human PGC program. Moreover, EpCAM and INTEGRINα6 were identified as surface markers of human PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) recently. However, the signaling mechanism for PGC specification in non­rodent mammals remains to be clarified.

Methods
We differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into PGCLCs in vitro in response to Activin A and BMP4. The percentage of EpCAM/INTEGRINα6 double-positive cells (PGCLCs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of PGC genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The expression dynamic of multi-lineage genes during the differentiation process was evaluated by qRT-PCR.

Results
Under the stimulation for PGCLC induction, the embryoids derived from hiPSCs initiated significant upregulation of the early PGC genes (BLIMP1, TFAP2C, and NANOS3), but maintained low or no levels of DPPA3 and late PGC genes (DAZL and DDX4). The percentage of EpCAM/INTEGRINα6 double-positive PGCLCs reached the highest at day 6 of induction. After pre-induction, the incipient mesoderm-like cells (iMeLCs) upregulated most of the mesoderm genes (EOMES, T, MSXI, RUNX2, and MIXL1). The differentiating embryoids showed high levels of key pluripotency genes, OCT4 and NANOG, but became negative for SOX2. In contrast to iMeLCs, the differentiating embryoids downregulated mesoderm genes RUNX2 and EOMES, and ectoderm gene PAX6, but increased the expression of endoderm gene SOX17.

Conclusions
During PGCLC induction process in vitro, the differentiating embryoids not only activated the PGC-related genes, but also displayed complex regulation of pluripotency genes and multi-lineage genes. These results would be meaningful for future research investigating the regulation of human early germ line development.
Standardized GMP-compliant scalable production of human pancreas organoids
Authors: Dossena Marta , Piras Roberta , Cherubini Alessandro , Barilani Mario , Dugnani Erica , Salanitro Francesca , Moreth Till , Pampaloni Francesco , Piemonti Lorenzo , Lazzari Lorenza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro-grown cell clusters that recapitulate key features of native organs. In regenerative medicine, organoid technology represents a promising approach for the replacement of severely damaged organs, such as the pancreas in patients with type 1 diabetes. Isolation human pancreas organoids (hPOs) in chemically defined serum-free culture media would be a major milestone for this approach.

Methods
Starting from discarded pancreatic tissues, we developed a large-scale process for obtaining clinically relevant quantities of undifferentiated organoids, obviating enzymatic digestion and operator-dependent pancreatic ducts picking steps. hPO identity was characterized by molecular and flow cytometry analysis.

Results
This work demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a large-scale production of organoids. We introduced some innovations in the isolation, expansion, and freezing of hPOs from five donors. First of all, the choice of the starting material (islet-depleted pancreas) that allows obtaining a high quantity of hPOs at low passages. On the other hand, we introduced mechanical dissociation and we eliminated the picking step to exclude the operator-depending steps, without affecting the success of the culture (100% success rate). Another important improvement was to replace R-spondin-1 (Rspo1) conditioned medium with Rspo1 recombinant molecule to obtain a well-defined composition of the expansion medium. Finally, we implemented a GMP-compliant freezing protocol. hPOs showed exponential growth with diameter and area that increased three- and eight-fold in 7 days, respectively. Immunophenotypic profile and gene expression analysis revealed that hPOs were composed of ductal (82.33 ± 8.37%), acinar (2.80 ± 1.25%) cells, and pancreatic progenitors (5.81 ± 2.65%).

Conclusion
This work represents a milestone for a GMP-compliance hPO production and, ultimately, their clinical application as a type 1 diabetes therapy.
The challenge of developing human 3D organoids into medicines
Authors: Vives Joaquim , Batlle-Morera Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe capacity of organoids to generate complex 3D structures resembling organs is revolutionizing the fields of developmental and stem cell biology. We are currently establishing the foundations for translational applications of organoids such as drug screening, personalized medicine and launching the future of cell therapy using organoids. However, clinical translation of organoids into cell replacement therapies is halted due to (A) a few preclinical studies demonstrating their efficacy and (B) the lack of robust, reproducible, and scalable methods of production in compliance with current pharmaceutical standards. In this issue of Stem Cell Research & Therapy [ref], Dossena and collaborators present a validated bioprocess design for large-scale production of human pancreatic organoids from cadaveric tissue in accordance with current good manufacturing practice. The authors also propose a set of specifications of starting materials and critical quality attributes of final products that are of interest to other developments provided that this type of medicines are different than any other medicinal product due to their complex composition and living nature of the active ingredient. Although large-scale production of functional cells secreting insulin is still a challenge, the development of methods such as the one presented by Dossena and collaborators contributes to move toward clinical use of organoids in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and opens avenues for future clinical use of organoids in degenerative pathologies.
Joint beamforming and power allocation for wireless powered UAV-assisted cooperative NOMA systems
Authors: Mu Guangchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, where UAV acts as a full-duplex (FD) relay to help the communication between the base station (BS) and two NOMA users. Assume that the UAV follows a circular trajectory and applies decode-and-forward (DF) strategy. Using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), the UAV harvests energy from the BS in the first time slot and self-interference due to FD mode in the second time slot. By the joint optimization of beamforming and time allocation ratio, we aim at maximizing sum throughput of the whole system and harvested energy at UAV. To solve two highly non-convex problem, we propose the corresponding algorithms based on inner approximation method, respectively, which can converge to at least optimal solutions in few steps. In terms of two different system performances, numerical results can verify that the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. We also find the optimal azimuth angle of UAV’s circular trajectory by simulation.
Health-risk behavior differences between boarding and non-resident students: Brazilian adolescent National School Health Survey
Authors: Noll Matias , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva , Tiggemann Carlos Leandro , Custodio Daniela Costa , Silveira Erika Aparecida 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies that evaluated health-risk behaviors with boarding students are scarce. There are no studies with representative samples among adolescents residing in educational institutions in Latin America. To better assess the role of resident status on such behaviors, this study aimed to compare health-risk behaviors between boarding and non-resident students assessed by the Brazilian National Adolescent School Health Survey (PeNSE).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2015 PeNSE database. A sample of 101,788 students (aged 11–19 years) from both public and private schools throughout all the Brazilian states completed the survey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate multiple health-related behaviors (sociodemographic characteristics; sexual behavior; cigarette use; drug use; and alcohol use). Poisson regression model-based analyses were performed and the effects measured through the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Boarding residents reported more health-risk behaviors than non-residents: previous sexual intercourse (PR 1.17, 1.10–1.25), smoking experience (PR 1.12, 1.03–1.21), monthly smoking frequency (PR 1.68, 1.42–1.99), monthly alcohol intake (PR 2.12, 1.79–2.50), inebriation (PR 1.51, 1.35–1.71), drug use experience (PR 1.23, 1.10–1.38), and monthly drug use frequency (PR 1.59, 1.31–1.94).

Conclusions
Boarding residents reported more health-risk behaviors than did non-residents. The results provide insights into an under-researched subject, helping to highlight potential points of intervention for supporting public health programs within the boarding-school student population.
Shedding light on pediatric diseases: multispectral optoacoustic tomography at the doorway to clinical applications
Authors: Regensburger Adrian P. , Wagner Alexandra L. , Claussen Jing , Waldner Maximilian J. , Knieling Ferdinand 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOptoacoustic imaging (OAI), or photoacoustic imaging (PAI), has fundamentally influenced basic science by providing high-resolution visualization of biological mechanisms. With the introduction of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), these technologies have now moved closer to clinical applications. MSOT utilizes short-pulsed near-infrared laser light to induce thermoelastic expansion in targeted tissues. This results in acoustic pressure waves, which are used to resolve specific endo- and exogenous chromophores. Especially in the pediatric population, this non-invasive imaging approach might hold fundamental advantages compared to conventional cross-sectional imaging modalities. As this technology allows the visualization of quantitative molecular tissue composition at high spatial resolution non-invasively in sufficient penetration depth, it paves the way to personalized medicine in pediatric diseases.
Pediatric cerebellar malformations: magnetic resonance diagnostic merits and correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Ibrahim Rania S. M. , Hachem Rania H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In spite of having many classifications for pediatric cerebellar malformations (PCMs), no broadly accepted classification is recommended. Associated neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with PCMs remain poorly defined. Neuroimaging is compulsory for the diagnosis of cerebellar malformation and their associated abnormalities. This article emphasizes on the clinical and radiological traits of PCMs. It proposes a radiological classification and a diagnostic approach and assesses whether specific neuroimaging features in patients with PCM correlate with their neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results
Fifty-eight pediatric patients were classified as follows: The majority of about 51 cases (88%) showed cerebellar hypoplasia and the remaining 7 cases (12%) showed cerebellar dysplasia. Twenty-six patients (45%) remained undiagnosed, while 32 patients (55%) were having a final diagnosis (24% Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) (n = 14), 7% isolated vermian hypoplasia (n = 4), 7% congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) (n = 4), 5% congenital muscular dystrophy (n = 3), 5% congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (n = 30), 3% rhombencephalosynapsis (n = 2), 2% Lhermitte-Duclos syndrome (n = 1), and 2% DWM with Joubert syndrome (n = 1)). Overall, for the neurodevelopmental outcome, the majority of patients 90% (52/58) had a global developmental delay (GDD) which is a delay in two or more developmental domains. Both motor and language delay represented about 72% (37/58), intellectual disability was present in 59% (34/58), epilepsy in 53% (31/58), ataxic gait in 57% (33/58), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 19% (11/58), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 17% (10/58), nystagmus and tremors in 15% (9/58), and behavioral changes in 7% (6/58). Most of the children with cerebellar hypoplasia, about 93%, had GDD. Also, patients with PCH associated with a severe GDD, 75% had a language delay, 50% had intellectual and motor delay, and about 25% had epilepsy. However, we observed mild GDD in half of the vermian hypoplasia cases and half of them had a mild fine motor delay.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pediatric brain provides key information to categorize and classify cerebellar malformations. A neurodevelopmental deficit is highly associated with different types of PCMs. Severe GDD was associated with cerebellar and brain stem involvement. However, children with vermis mal-development were likely to have mild GDD. Familiarity with their diagnostic criteria is mandatory for correct diagnosis and prognosis for patients.
Integrated transmitter devices on InP exploiting electro-absorption modulation
Authors: Baier M. , Grote N. , Moehrle M. , Sigmund A. , Soares F. M. , Theurer M. , Troppenz U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInP technology is the principal enabler for implementing fully monolithic photonic integrated circuits (PIC), uniquely including transmitter elements. In this article we present an overview of recent achievements on ultra-high speed electro-absorption modulated lasers (EML) which represent a simple transmitter PIC comprising a single-mode laser diode and an electro-absorption modulator. Using a so-called identical-layer approach single-wavelength modulation rates up to 100 Gb/s have been accomplished. By additionally integrating an optical amplifier section modulated optical output power of > 10 dBm has been achieved. Multi-level amplitude modulation was successfully demonstrated. Extended EML chips designed for wavelength-division and space-division multiplexing, respectively, will be presented. For dual-polarization transmission a novel EML related transmitter as well as a corresponding receiver PIC have been introduced. The latter devices were made on a generic PIC platform that is available for open-access foundry service.
The plant–pathogen haustorial interface at a glance
Authors: Bozkurt Tolga O. , Kamoun Sophien 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Many filamentous pathogens invade plant cells through specialized hyphae called haustoria. These infection structures are enveloped by a newly synthesized plant-derived membrane called the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM). This specialized membrane is the ultimate interface between the plant and pathogen, and is key to the success or failure of infection. Strikingly, the EHM is reminiscent of host-derived membrane interfaces that engulf intracellular metazoan parasites. These perimicrobial interfaces are critical sites where pathogens facilitate nutrient uptake and deploy virulence factors to disarm cellular defenses mounted by their hosts. Although the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and functions of these host–microbe interfaces are poorly understood, recent studies have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we summarize these recent advances with a specific focus on the haustorial interfaces associated with filamentous plant pathogens. We highlight the progress in the field that fundamentally underpin this research topic. Furthermore, we relate our knowledge of plant–filamentous pathogen interfaces to those generated by other plant-associated organisms. Finally, we compare the similarities between host–pathogen interfaces in plants and animals, and emphasize the key questions in this research area.
Fabrication and characterization of hexadecyl acrylate cross-linked phase change microspheres
Authors: Yun Haoran , Zhang Xingxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Microspheres with phase change properties were fabricated by polymerization of hexadecyl acrylate (HA) and different cross-linking agents. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that, the samples that added cross-linking agents have a smooth surface and the latent heat of them is different. The experiments show that all of the cross-linked copolymer shells can be made into temperature controlled release microspheres. These materials can be potentially applied in the field of thermal energy storage. β-tricalcium phosphate was encapsulated in microspheres to obtain one with a fast release effect. It will effectively promote bone conduction when these microspheres were implanted into a bone defect. This microsphere can be used for orthopedic implant or coating of instrument in the future.
“She didn’t expect to get a slap”: Modeling “proper” conduct among teachers and students in training classes for care workers in Sweden
Authors: Jansson Gunilla , Majlesi Ali Reza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current study is carried out in an ethnically diverse three-semester vocational adult education programme in Sweden for those who aspire to register as assistant nurses. The data is based on field notes taken during participant observations and video-recordings of the classroom interaction in a course on dementia care in the autumn of 2014. In Sweden, care work is framed by the goals stated in The Swedish Social Services Act, which is to promote the elderly’s right to self-determination and independence. In the class in which this study was carried out, this policy informed the teaching of “good” communication practices. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the strategies taught in school that embody this policy come into conflict with the seemingly unavoidable dilemmas experienced by trainee students on the work floor. We analyse two examples of teachers acting out hypothetical scenes for the purpose of modeling proper caregiver conduct in dealing with frail, powerless individuals with dementia. The students’ descriptions of their own conduct in managing challenging resident behaviour are thereby considered as accountable actions. The article brings into focus the complexity of the power relations and institutional asymmetries at play concerning the teaching situation in training classes for care workers.
Language competence, identity construction and discursive boundary-making: Distancing and alignment in domestic migrant worker narratives
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany people in developing countries are faced with a dilemma. If they stay at home, their children are kept in poverty with no prospects of a better future; if they become migrant workers, they will suffer long-term separation from their families. This article focuses on one of the weakest groups in the global economy: domestic migrant workers. It draws on a corpus of more than 400 narratives recorded at a church shelter in Hong Kong and among migrant worker returnees in rural Indonesia and the Philippines. In sharing sessions, migrant women share their experiences of working for abusive employers, and the article analyses how language is used to include and exclude. The women tell how their employers construct them as “incompetent” and “stupid” because they do not speak Chinese. However, faced by repression and marginalisation, the women use their superior English language skills to get back at their employers and momentarily gain the upper hand. Drawing on ideologies of language as the theoretical concept, the article provides a discourse analysis of selected excerpts focusing on language competence and identity construction.
A distributed data exchange engine for polystores
Authors: Kaitoua Abdulrahman , Rabl Tilmann , Markl Volker 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in fusing data from heterogeneous sources. Combining data sources increases the utility of existing datasets, generating new information and creating services of higher quality. A central issue in working with heterogeneous sources is data migration: In order to share and process data in different engines, resource intensive and complex movements and transformations between computing engines, services, and stores are necessary.
Muses is a distributed, high-performance data migration engine that is able to interconnect distributed data stores by forwarding, transforming, repartitioning, or broadcasting data among distributed engines’ instances in a resource-, cost-, and performance-adaptive manner. As such, it performs seamless information sharing across all participating resources in a standard, modular manner. We show an overall improvement of 30 % for pipelining jobs across multiple engines, even when we count the overhead of Muses in the execution time. This performance gain implies that Muses can be used to optimise large pipelines that leverage multiple engines.
Heat flow thermography for non-destructive testing of composites and natural materials – An application-oriented overview
Authors: Aderhold Jochen , Meinlschmidt Peter , Schlüter Friedrich 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Heat flow thermography is a non-destructive testing method that offers a number of advantages. These include the relatively quick inspection of larger areas, the ease of interpretation of the results and the absence of potential hazards such as ionizing radiation. The disadvantage is, depending on the application, its limited penetration depth. The present article explains the physical principles of the process and provides examples of concrete realizations, mainly in the field of composites and natural materials. One focus is on the evaluation of the acquired thermal images and image series, since they often contain more information than is visible at first glance, and a suitable post-processing of the data is the key to a successful application.
A «Place in the Sun»?
Authors: Kleinöder Nina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article «A ‹Place in the Sun›? German Rails and Sleepers in Colonial Railway Building in Africa, 1905 to 1914» takes up Bernhard von Bülow’s imperialistic claim that was closely connected to economic protagonists. Today, these protagonists are still fairly unknown and overlooked by (economic) colonial research. Therefore, the article is an approach to outline a first example for German entrepreneurial engagement in colonial railway building, by analyzing the case of Fried. Krupp/Friedrich-Alfred-Hütte. Looking at Krupp’s activities in (West-)Africa, the article explores which paths the German railway building followed, and tries to identify protagonists and their networks. We assume that the distinct markets of colonies were a vehicle for the internationalization of the firms involved. In questions of agency and as part of the imperial project, German enterprises participated in the colonization of Africa, but at the same time, they followed their own economic agenda.