bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harassment, Seclusion and the Status of Women in the Workplace: An Islamic and International Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Balto Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since the mid-nineteenth century, women in Europe, North America and elsewhere have played an increasing role in the workforce. Women started pursuing jobs in factories, offices and businesses instead of being dependent on men for their livelihood. However, along with this significant improvement in the status of women, they still face obstacles, such as the gender pay gab and harassment in the workplace. Although both males and females experience harassment, the available literature clearly suggests that females are more likely to be harassed. Much of the research concerning workplace harassment against women has been conducted in the West while little is known about this phenomenon in workplaces across the Arab and Muslim countries. In fact, gender relations and the nature of workplaces in Arab countries vary significantly from the Western workplace due to religious, social and cultural traditions. Muslim women live in the midst of patriarchal cultures where women’s honour is believed to be sacred. The ideology of women’s seclusion and subordination resulted in the restriction of their ability to participate in the labour force even where females are in urgent need of earned income. In this regard, harassment considers a crucial subject on various international agendas. The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) for instance, reinforces the implementation of legislation that protects women against gender discrimination. Islam in a similar manner respects women and acknowledges their major role within a society. Therefore, as women living in Muslim communities where issues related to sexuality are sensitive, and people are reluctant to discuss such questions in public, this paper aims to discuss women seclusion, the situation of Muslim women with regard to harassment in the workplace, how international human rights deals with harassment as well as the relation between the Islamic jurisprudence and the international human rights with regard harassment in the workplace.
Role of hot electron scattering in epsilon-near-zero optical nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Heng , Du Kang , Liu Ruibin , Dai Xinhai , Zhang Wending , Chua Soo Jin , Mei Ting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The physical origin of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) optical nonlinearity lies in the hot-electron dynamics, in which electron scattering plays an important role. With the damping factor defined by hot electron scattering time, the Drude model could be extended to modeling ENZ optical nonlinearity completely. We proposed a statistical electron scattering model that takes into account the effect of electron distribution in a nonparabolic band and conducted the investigation on indium tin oxide (ITO) with femtosecond-pump continuum-probe experiment. We found that ionized impurity scattering and acoustic phonon scattering are the two major scattering mechanisms, of which the latter had been neglected before. They dominate at low-energy and high-energy electrons, respectively, and are weakened or boosted for high electron temperature, respectively. The electron energy–dependent scattering time contributed from multiple scattering mechanisms shows the electron density–dependent damping factor. The comprehensive understanding of electron scattering in ITO will help to develop a complete model of ENZ optical nonlinearity.
Printing polarization and phase at the optical diffraction limit: near- and far-field optical encryption
Authors: Song Qinghua , Khadir Samira , Vézian Stéphane , Damilano Benjamin , de Mierry Philippe , Chenot Sébastien , Brandli Virginie , Laberdesque Romain , Wattellier Benoit , Genevet Patrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSecuring optical information to avoid counterfeiting and manipulation by unauthorized persons and agencies requires innovation and enhancement of security beyond basic intensity encryption. In this paper, we present a new method for polarization-dependent optical encryption that relies on extremely high-resolution near-field phase encoding at metasurfaces, down to the diffraction limit. Unlike previous intensity or color printing methods, which are detectable by the human eye, analog phase decoding requires specific decryption setup to achieve a higher security level. In this work, quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry is used as a phase decryption method, decrypting binary quick response (QR) phase codes and thus forming phase-contrast images, with phase values as low as 15°. Combining near-field phase imaging and far-field holographic imaging under orthogonal polarization illumination, we enhanced the security level for potential applications in the area of biometric recognition, secure ID cards, secure optical data storage, steganography, and communications.
Crystal structure of (6aR,6a1S,10aS)-2,4a,6a,6a
1,9,10-hexahydro-7H-4,5-methanocyclobuta[4,5]naphtho[8a,1-b]pyran, C15H16O
Authors: Zhai Shengxian , Chen Lunjian , Niu Yongsheng , Han Chuchu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C15H16O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.4371(7) Å, b = 17.567(2) Å, c = 11.8840(18) Å, β = 101.043(9)°, V = 1114.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0422, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1155, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis[μ2-(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylcarbamodithioato-κS:κS,κS′)]-bis(triethylphosphine-P)-di-silver(I), C20H46Ag2N2O2P2S4
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C20H46Ag2N2O2P2S4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.3895(1) Å, b = 13.1597(2) Å, c = 13.1803(2) Å, α = 88.119(1)°, β = 86.601(1)°, γ = 70.173(1)°, V = 1529.22(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0162, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0406, T = 100(2) K.
Evil, Prayer and Transformation
Authors: Burns Elizabeth D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnalytic theodicy commonly suggests an overarching reason why a benevolent, omniscient and omnipotent deity permits the quantity and intensity of suffering in our world. This is often couched in terms of freedom of belief or action, or some other variation of the claim that suffering is “worth the price.” I argue that not even the hope of post-mortem consolation could adequately compensate any individual for the inevitable loss of everything which makes, or might have made, life in this world worth living. By contrast, transformational theodicy argues that suffering is an unfortunate by-product of our evolving world. All living things are connected to other living things by means of networks, symbolised for John Hick by Indra’s Net. Divinity is both the force which brought about the beginning of the universe and sustains its continued existence and an objectively existing standard of goodness which is manifested in varying degrees throughout our world, metaphorically conceived in terms of non-binary personhood. It casts light on human endeavours and provides a source of power on which humankind may draw by means of prayer or meditation to influence the networks of living things in order to prevent or alleviate suffering and promote the flourishing of living beings.
Surface chemistry of structural materials subjected to corrosion
Authors: Pytskii Ivan. S. , Minenkova Irina V. , Kuznetsova Elena S. , Zalavutdinov Rinad Kh. , Uleanov Aleksei V. , Buryak Aleksei K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article describes a comprehensive mass spectrometric approach to the study of surfaces of structural materials. The combined use of thermal desorption mass spectrometry, gas and liquid chromatography, and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI) to provide information about the surface and surface layers of materials is proposed. The suggested method allows one to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of compounds and surface contaminants adsorbed on surfaces, as well as surface layers, to determine the composition of volatile and non-volatile contaminants on the surface, and to determine the nature of the distribution over the surface of these compounds. The method allows to obtain the most complete information about the surface condition and can be used to predict the life of structural materials.
Analysis of the overvoltage cooperative control strategy for the small hydropower distribution network
Authors: Yan Qunmin , Ma Ruiqing , Zhu Juanjuan , Zhang Hang , Li Yujiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn general, the seasonal characteristics of small hydropower (SHP) especially the power transmission during the summer flood season would lead to the steady overvoltage of the distribution network. In order to suppress this steady overvoltage, a strategy for coordinated cooperation between generator phase-in operation and shunt reactors which can be called cooperative control is proposed. The distribution network of SHP stations connected to the 35 kV Bantao substation in southern Shaanxi is taken as an example to study the mechanism of overvoltage after the SHP is connected to the grid. A distribution network model with SHP units is established. Based on the model, the effect of separately installing shunt reactors on the node voltage is studied in the case of generator lag phase operation and the influence of the operation mode of SHP unit on the node voltage is also analyzed separately. Finally, the improvement measures of cooperative control between the generator phase-in operation and the parallel reactors are analyzed by simulation. Results are presented to verify the improvement measures that can effectively restrain the overvoltage of the distribution network in the SHP area.
Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels
Authors: Aktaş Bülent , Toprak Mehmet , Çalık Adnan , Tekgüler Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels were boronized by pack-boriding method at 800, 900, and 1000∘C for 5 h. The phases, microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of boride layers formed on the surface of samples were investigated using XRD, SEM, Micro-Vickers hardness testers, and a pin-on-disc tribotester, respectively. XRD analysis showed that both FeB and Fe2B phases were formed in the borided area of Hardox 450 steel, but only Fe2B phase occurred in the boride layer of the HiTuf steel. Micro-Vickers hardness results indicated that the hardness values of the boride layer decreased from the column-shaped structure to towards the matrix in both of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels. Furthermore, the wear test results showed the coefficients of friction (COF) decreased significantly in the borided samples. The COF of the unborided Hardox 450 steel was reduced considerably from 0.29 to 0.02 by boriding treatment. Similarly, the COF of unborided HiTuf steel was significantly diminished from 0.16 to 0.04 by boriding treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that the wear resistance of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels can be improved by pack-boriding.
Methylmercury-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation and its preventive strategy using anti-inflammation N-acetyl-l-cysteine: a mini-review
Authors: Muniroh Muflihatul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exposure of methylmercury (MeHg) has become a public health concern because of its neurotoxic effect. Various neurological symptoms were detected in Minamata disease patients, who got intoxicated by MeHg, including paresthesia, ataxia, gait disturbance, sensory disturbances, tremors, visual, and hearing impairments, indicating that MeHg could pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cause impairment of neurons and other brain cells. Previous studies have reported some expected mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity including the neuroinflammation pathway. It was characterized by the up-regulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Therefore, the use of anti-inflammatories such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) may act as a preventive compound to protect the brain from MeHg harmful effects. This mini-review will explain detailed information on MeHg-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation as well as possible preventive strategies using anti-inflammation NAC to protect brain cells, particularly in in vivo and in vitro studies.
The biological and diagnostic roles of MicroRNAs in meningiomas
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Shengpan , Liu Yan , Zhang Hongqi , Ren Nianjun , Ma Ruoyu , He Zhengwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Emerging studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, roles and mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of meningioma are not fully understood. Here, we first reviewed existing research of aberrantly expressed miRNAs identified by high throughput microarray profiling in meningioma. We also explored the potential of miRNA as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms of meningiomas. In addition, we summarized recent researches that focused on the possible mechanisms involved in miRNA-mediate meningioma occurrence and progression. This review provides an overview of miRNA deregulation in meningioma and indicates the potential of miRNAs to be used as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets.
Polymorphs of VO(PO3)2: synthesis and crystal structure refinement revisited
Authors: Umlauf Sven , Weber Markus , Glaum Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The monoclinic α-polymorph of (VIVO)(PO3)2 is obtained reproducibly by reaction of V2O5 and H3PO4 (85%) (Au crucible, 380 °C, 4 d). Its crystal structure was refined from X-ray single-crystal data [C2/c, Z = 4, a = 15.1038(7) Å, b = 4.193(2) Å, c = 9.573(9) Å, β = 126.45(3), R

1
= 0.052, wR

2
= 0.189 for 976 unique reflections with F

o
> 4σ(F

o
), 48 variables]. A single-phase powder of the β-polymorph is obtained by the reaction of V2O5, H3PO4 (85%) and oxalic acid, evaporating the mixture, and subsequent annealing (porcelain crucible, 800 °C in air, 2 d). Single crystals of β-(VIVO)(PO3)2 were grown in a sealed silica ampoule with chlorine as mineralizer. The crystal structure of the orthorhombic (pseudo-tetragonal) β-polymorph was refined from X-ray single-crystal data [pseudo-merohedral twin, Fdd2, Z = 8, a = 15.536(2) Å, b = 15.586(2) Å, c = 4.2611(5) Å, R

1
= 0.032, wR

2

= 0.068 for 1072 unique reflections with F

o
> 4σ(F

o
), 50 variables]. Earlier reports on a tetragonal polymorph with unusual geometric structure of the [(V≡O)O5] polyhedron are corrected.
Site-preferential copper substitution for silicon leads to Cu-chains in the new ternary silicide Ir4−x
CuSi2
Authors: Scheifers Jan P. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The binary Ru4Si3 remained the only compound in its structure type for more than 60 years. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of the first ternary silicide (Ir4−x
CuSi2) in the Ru4Si3-type structure, which can be derived from RuSi by unit cell twinning. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Ir vacancies exist along the twin boundary. Ir4−x
CuSi2 exhibits a distorted structure compared to Ru4Si3, as the larger Cu selectively replaces Si on only one of three possible sites, leading to zigzag chains with short Cu–Cu distances. Furthermore, DFT calculations show that the rigid band approximation does not apply to this structure type, but the similarities of electronic structures of the ideal binary and ternary compositions suggest that this structure type can accommodate a large variety of elemental substitutions without a significant change of its electronic structure if a similar valence electron count is maintained, hinting at a potentially rich substitutional chemistry.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, C. Vinyloge Guanidiniumsalz-basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten sowie phenyloge Guanidiniumsalze und Orthoamide
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Malik Heinz , Kreß Ralf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cyclopropylacetylene and N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-hexamethylguanidinium chloride (1a) react to give the orthoamide derivative 8c, in the presence of sodium hydride. 8c is transformed by elemental iodine to the vinylogous guanidinium salt 6f. Anion metathesis with the salts 5a, 5e, 6g delivers vinylogous guanidinium salts 5e–5i, 12a with counter ions derived from carbon acids (tricyanomethane, 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-propene). Phenylogous amidinium salts 15 guanidinium salts 19, 21 and the phenylogous orthoamide derivatives of formic acid 18 and carbonic acid 33 have been prepared.
Modelle öffentlicher Arbeitsvermittlung: Vermittlungsstrategien und deren Organisation
Authors: Aurich-Beerheide Patrizia , Brussig Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDie Arbeitsvermittlung gehört zu den Kernaufgaben der öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung, und ihre Gestaltung ist eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Beide Seiten des Arbeitsmarktes, also Arbeitsangebot und Arbeitsnachfrage, müssen von der Arbeitsvermittlung zusammengeführt werden, wobei dies auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise geschehen kann. Die bisherige Forschung zu Arbeitsvermittlung ist meist von aktuellen sozialpolitischen Veränderungen geprägt und fokussiert deshalb oft eher Einzelaspekte von Arbeitsvermittlung (z. B. Fallmanagement, Arbeitgeberservice o. ä.). Im Gegensatz hierzu schlägt der vorliegende Beitrag vor, Grundprobleme einer öffentlichen Arbeitsvermittlung auf einem freien Arbeitsmarkt zu ermitteln und davon ausgehend heuristische Modelle von Arbeitsvermittlung zu unterscheiden. Es werden sechs Modelle öffentlicher Arbeitsvermittlung entwickelt, die auf unterschiedlichen Annahmen über das Zustandekommen neuer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse beruhen und unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für die Organisation des Vermittlungsprozesses in der öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung nahelegen.
PEEK Polimerinin Dişhekimliğinde Kullanımı
Authors: SEFERLİ Ziya , SARIDAĞ Serkan 
Published: July 2020

ÖZ: Polietereterketon (PEEK) polimeri
yarı kristalin termoplastik polimer sınıfının öne çıkan polimerlerinden
biridir. PEEK materyali kimyasal ve fiziksel dayanıklılık, biouyumluluk ve insan kemiğine yakın elastik modülüs (4
GPa) gibi uygun mekanik özelliklerden dolayı dişhekimliğinde yaygın bir şekilde
kullanılmaktadır. Dişhekimliğinde sabit ve hareketli protezlerde alt yapı
malzemesi, geçici abutmentler, iyileşme başlıkları ve diş implantları gibi pek
çok alanda kullanılır. PEEK, kompozit, seramik veya zirkonya'ya kıyasla
dişhekimliğinde oldukça yeni bir materyal olduğundan özelliklerini
özetlemek önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı
dişhekimlğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan PEEK polimerinin karakterik
özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: PEEK (Polietereterketon),
PEEK implant, PEEK abutment, PEEK kron
Temporomandibular eklem iç düzensizliğinin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, iş durumu ve medeni durum ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: ERASLAN Ravza , KILIÇ Kerem 
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı;
temporomandibular eklem iç düzensizliği olan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, medeni
durum, iş durumu ve eğitim durumu gibi demografik bilgilerinin incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya dahil edilen hastalar Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği
Fakültesi’ne temporomandibular eklemindeki problemden dolayı başvuran kişiler arasından
randomize olarak seçilmiştir. Hastalardan bilgilendirilmiş onam formu
alınmıştır. Çalışma toplamda 80 kişiyi kapsamaktadır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 13
– 61 yaşları arasındaki bireylerin yaş ortalamaları 26.90 ± 10.33’dür. Temporomandibular iç düzensizliği bulunan hastalar
cinsiyet dağılımını açısından incelendiğinde, kadınlarda hastalığın erkeklere
oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde fazla görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir (p&lt;0.001).
Eğitim durumu ilişkisi incelendiğinde, üniversite mezunu olan bireylerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde daha fazla hastalığa
yakalandığı saptanmıştır (p&lt;0.001).
Temporomandibular iç düzensizliğin herhangi bir işte çalışmayanlarda
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p&lt;0.001). Medeni durum ilişkisi incelendiğinde,
evli olmayan bireylerde hastalığın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda fazla
görüldüğü bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.001).Sonuçlar: Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde temporomandibular eklem iç
düzensizliğinin kadınlarda erkeklere oranla
(3.7/1) daha çok görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Yaş ortalamasının 26.90
± 10.33 olması, temporomandibular
eklem iç düzensizliğinin gençlerde daha sık görüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu
çalışmada evli olmayan, üniversite mezunu ve herhangi bir işte çalışmayan
bireylerin hastalığa yakalanma oranı daha fazla bulunmuştur.
Estimation of the trabecular structure of alveolar bone before implant planning in orthodontic treated patients by using fractal analysis method
Authors: USTAOĞLU Gülbahar , GÖLLER BULUT Duygu , KURŞUN ÇAKMAK Emine Şebnem , SARIOĞLU Burak , ANKARALI Handan 
Published: July 2020

Background:The aim of this study was to assess the trabecular bone pattern changes of orthodontically treated patients before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) the treatment by using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in order to guide implant applications. Methods:Totally 32 orthodontic patients who had one missing tooth were included in the study. Patients were treated to align the teeth and to create a dimensionally appropriate space for implant placement. Panoramic radiographs were taken with standard protocols at the time periods of before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) treatment. FD analysis was performed using Image J 1.3 software with the box-counting method. Results:The highest FD value measured before treatment (T0=1.47±0.14). Mean FD values of T2 was found statistically significantly higher (1.32±0.14) than T1 (1.19±0.15) (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions:It is suggested not to plan implant surgery immediately after the end of orthodontic treatment because trabecular bone gains more complex nature over time. FD analysis is a simple and cost-effective tool for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs.
A Meta-Analysis of Wolbachia Transcriptomics Reveals a Stage-Specific Wolbachia Transcriptional Response Shared Across Different Hosts
Authors: Chung Matthew , Basting Preston J , Patkus Rayanna S , Grote Alexandra , Luck Ashley N , Ghedin Elodie , Slatko Barton E , Michalski Michelle , Foster Jeremy M , Bergman Casey M , Hotopp Julie C Dunning 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wolbachia is a genus containing obligate, intracellular endosymbionts with arthropod and nematode hosts. Numerous studies have identified differentially expressed transcripts in Wolbachia endosymbionts that potentially inform the biological interplay between these endosymbionts and their hosts, albeit with discordant results. Here, we re-analyze previously published Wolbachia RNA-Seq transcriptomics data sets using a single workflow consisting of the most up-to-date algorithms and techniques, with the aim of identifying trends or patterns in the pan-Wolbachia transcriptional response. We find that data from one of the early studies in filarial nematodes did not allow for robust conclusions about Wolbachia differential expression with these methods, suggesting the original interpretations should be reconsidered. Across datasets analyzed with this unified workflow, there is a general lack of global gene regulation with the exception of a weak transcriptional response resulting in the upregulation of ribosomal proteins in early larval stages. This weak response is observed across diverse Wolbachia strains from both nematode and insect hosts suggesting a potential pan-Wolbachia transcriptional response during host development that diverged more than 700 million years ago.