bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia: prevalence, associated factors, and the risk of mortality and disability in Japanese older adults
Authors: Kitamura Akihiko , Seino Satoshi , Abe Takumi , Nofuji Yu , Yokoyama Yuri , Amano Hidenori , Nishi Mariko , Taniguchi Yu , Narita Miki , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on sarcopenia in Asian populations. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence, associated factors, and the magnitude of association with mortality and incident disability for sarcopenia and combinations of its components among Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe conducted a 5.8 year prospective study of 1851 Japanese residents aged 65 years or older (50.5% women; mean age 72.0 ± 5.9) who participated in health check‐ups. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) was measured using direct segmental multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify associations of sarcopenia and the combinations of its components with all‐cause mortality and incident disability.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5% (105/917) in men and 16.7% (156/934) in women. Significant sarcopenia‐related factors other than ageing were hypoalbuminaemia, cognitive impairment, low activity, and recent hospitalization (all P‐values <0.05) among men and cognitive impairment (P = 0.004) and depressed mood (P < 0.001) among women. Individuals with sarcopenia had higher risks of mortality [hazard ratios (95% confidence interval): 2.0 (1.2–3.5) in men and 2.3 (1.1–4.9) in women] and incident disability [1.6 (1.0–2.7) in men and 1.7 (1.1–2.7) in women]. Compared with the individuals without any sarcopenia components, those having low grip strength and/or slow gait speed without low ALMI tended to have an increased risk of disability [1.4 (1.0–2.0), P = 0.087], but not mortality [1.3 (0.8–2.2)]. We did not find increased risks of these outcomes in participants having low ALMI in the absence of low grip strength and slow gait speed [1.2 (0.8–1.9) for mortality and 0.9 (0.6–1.3) for incident disability].ConclusionsJapanese older men and women meeting Asian criteria of sarcopenia had increased risks of all‐cause mortality and disability. There were no significant increased risks of death or incident disability for both participants with muscle weakness and/or low performance without low muscle mass and those with low muscle mass with neither muscle weakness nor low performance. Further studies are needed to examine the interaction between muscle loss, muscle weakness, and low performance for adverse health‐related outcomes.
Evaluation of natural dyes Curcuma longa and Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis with different mordants on plant tissues under fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Shet Verenkar Nikita G. , Sellappan Krishnan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study reveals the effect of natural dyes Curcuma longa (rhizome) and Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis (corolla tube) on various plant tissues under fluorescence microscopy. The results indicated that the auto‐fluorescence was seen in some of the tissues of unstained monocot and dicot stem sections. The use of Curcuma longa dye along with different chemical mordants leads to various colors and intensity of fluorescence under different excitation filters (violet: 400–450; blue: 450–500; green: 500–570; yellow: 570–610 and red: 610–750 nm) examined. The extract of Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis along with the mordants lead to bluish‐orange fluorescence of vascular tissues under violet excitation filter. Among the dyes evaluated, Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis showed better fluorescence than the Curcuma longa dye. Hence, the dye extracted from the corolla tube of Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis is a potential natural dye and could be used as biological stain for staining plant tissues.
Quantification of carboxyl‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes in plant tissues with programmed thermal analysis
Authors: Nava Valeria , Das Kamol , Amin Vinay , Gronstal Steven , Wang Xiaoliang , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Yang Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, carboxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (c‐MWCNTs) in plant (lettuce [Lactuca sativa Bionda Ricciolina]) tissues were quantitatively analyzed with programmed thermal analysis coupled with a sequential digestion. Programmed thermal analysis evidenced a linear relationship between c‐MWCNT–bound C and elemental C detected. A detection limit of 114–708 μg C g−1 plant tissues (dry mass) was achieved for analysis of c‐MWCNTs. The method was demonstrated using the tissues of lettuce cultured hydroponically for 3 wk with c‐MWCNTs at an exposure of 10 and 20 μg ml−1. This quantitative analysis can be used to provide insights into carbon nanotube exposure through agricultural products and promote its sustainable application.
Simulating the effect of glenohumeral capsulorrhaphy on kinematics and muscle function
Authors: Fox Aaron S. , Bonacci Jason , Gill Stephen D. , Page Richard S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to use a predictive simulation framework to examine shoulder kinematics, muscular effort, and task performance during functional upper limb movements under simulated selective glenohumeral capsulorrhaphy. A musculoskeletal model of the torso and upper limb was adapted to include passive restraints that simulated the changes in shoulder range of motion stemming from selective glenohumeral capsulorrhaphy procedures (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior, and total anterior, inferior, posterior, and superior). Predictive muscle‐driven simulations of three functional movements (upward reach, forward reach, and head touch) were generated with each model. Shoulder kinematics (elevation, elevation plane, and axial rotation), muscle cost (i.e., muscular effort), and task performance time were compared to a baseline model to assess the impact of the capsulorrhaphy procedures. Minimal differences in shoulder kinematics and task performance times were observed, suggesting that task performance could be maintained across the capsulorrhaphy conditions. Increased muscle cost was observed under the selective capsulorrhaphy conditions, however this was dependent on the task and capsulorrhaphy condition. Larger increases in muscle cost were observed under the capsulorrhaphy conditions that incurred the greatest reductions in shoulder range of motion (i.e., total inferior, total anterior, anteroinferior, and total posterior conditions) and during tasks that required shoulder kinematics closer to end range of motion (i.e., upward reach and head touch). The elevated muscle loading observed could present a risk to joint capsule repair. Appropriate rehabilitation following glenohumeral capsulorrhaphy is required to account for the elevated demands placed on muscles, particularly when a significant range of motion loss presents.
An International Survey of Clinicians’ Experience Caring for Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition for Chronic Intestinal Failure During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Allan Philip J. , Pironi Loris , Joly Francisca , Lal Simon , Van Gossum André ,   the Home Artificial Nutrition & Chronic Intestinal Failure special interest group of ESPEN
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThis survey of centers caring for patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was conducted to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis on the management of these patients regarding provision of care, monitoring, regular follow‐up, and any changes to service infrastructure.MethodsA survey was devised and publically published on the Research Electronic Data Capture database management system, with individual centers responding to a public link.ResultsA total of 78 adult and pediatric centers worldwide contributed to the survey, representing ≥3500 patients’ experiences. Centers reported infrastructure maintenance for Parenteral Nutrition (PN) bag deliveries to patients (60, 76.92%) or delivery of ancillary items (57, 73.08%), home delivery and HPN administration (65, 83.33%), and home care nurse shortages (25, 32.05%). Routine follow‐up of HPN patients changed to either all telemed or mixed with emergency clinic review (70, 89.74%). In 26 centers (33.33%), HPN for newly discharged patients with benign conditions was reduced or stopped. Based on clinical history, the centers reported psychological distress for patients (52, 66.67%), with anxiety, worry, concern, and apprehension reported most frequently (37 of 52, 71.15%) but also fear (10 of 52, 19.23%), depression (5 of 52, 9.62%), and issues related to isolation/confinement (12 of 52, 23.08%).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic was reported by clinicians to have had a far‐reaching adverse impact on patients receiving HPN, especially their safety in terms of provision of personal protective equipment, PN bags, available nursing staff, and psychological well‐being. Healthcare systems responded to the challenge and presented new ways of working.
Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide
Authors: Badenes‐Ribera Laura , Molla‐Esparza Cristian , Longobardi Claudio , Sánchez‐Meca Julio , Fabris Matteo Angelo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a growing body of literature on the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after committing homicide that has examined the prevalence of this phenomenon among individuals who have been convicted, but these studies considerably vary. The present study was the first meta‐analysis to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the prevalence of offense‐related PTSD among convicted killers. A total of 691 articles were identified through an initial screening process, and the final analysis included 11 studies that met the analysis criteria. We examined the prevalence of PTSD after committing homicide and explored how these rates varied by sample type, offender type, diagnosis timeframe, and diagnosis type. Among adult offenders, the pooled prevalence was 42.6%, 95% CI [38.0%, 47.4%], for current full‐criteria homicide‐related PTSD and 13.1%, 95% CI [9.9%, 17.2%], for current partial‐criteria homicide‐related PTSD. For mixed offenders (i.e., killers and violent offenders), the pooled prevalence of current full‐criteria offense‐related PTSD was 33.1% (95% CI [14.1, 59.8]). Thus, we found that PTSD prevalence was higher in killers than mixed offenders, although this difference was not statistically significant. Finally, among youth mixed offenders, the pooled prevalence for current full‐criteria offense‐related PTSD was 5.3%, 95% CI [2.9%, 9.5%]. These findings provide evidence of the high rate of this phenomenon, especially among convicted adults.
All‐in‐One: Sensing, Adsorptive Removal, and Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitro‐Explosive Contaminants by Microporous Polycarbazole Polymer
Authors: Manna Anupam , Das Monojit , Mukherjee Soumya , Das Sanjib 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA highly multitasking 3D polycarbazole based microporous organic polymer (ACzMOP) is rationally prepared via a low‐cost FeCl3 catalyzed polymerization route utilizing a newly developed Td ‐symmetric adamantane core tetracarbazolic monomer. The nitrogen‐rich ACzMOP integrated with photo‐redox active electron‐rich π‐conjugated polycarbazole modules featuring large BET surface area of 1568 m 2 g −1, pore volume of 1.58 cc g −1, excellent physicochemical stability, and strong fluorescence in both aqueous and solid phases. Aqueous suspension including ACzMOP coated paper strip is highly responsive to the aqueous solution of nitroaromatics especially 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, an unavoidable intermediate of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene contamination, with ultra‐trace level detection capability (up to 0.32 ppb). The thin layer of solid polymer is capable of detecting nitroaromatic vapors, especially nitrotoluenes in a very sensitive manner. Moreover, the polymer exhibit record uptake of nitrotoluenes and nitrophenols with maximum uptake capability up to 510 mg g −1 setting a new benchmark among known porous materials. The polymer efficiently degrades toxic 4‐nitrophenol to the value‐added 4‐aminophenol precursor (TOF = 0.143 h −1) via photocatalytic pathway. For the very first time, ACzMOP as a single material system is capable of efficiently sensing and removing all sorts of nitroaromatic contaminations with regenerability under mild washing/vacuum conditions.
Tough Pill to Swallow: Postextubation Dysphagia and Nutrition Impact in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dobak Stephanie , Kelly Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore than 5 million patients are admitted to US intensive care units (ICUs) each year. Many of these patients have risk factors for dysphagia. Dysphagia must be promptly addressed and appropriately treated to avoid the deleterious impacts of aspiration and malnutrition. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of ways to identify and treat dysphagia. This review will highlight the risk factors, mechanisms, and impact of dysphagia in the ICU as well as provide screening, diagnostic, and management options.
Rot‐free mixed finite elements for gradient elasticity at finite strains
Authors: Riesselmann Johannes , Ketteler Jonas W. , Schedensack Mira , Balzani Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrough enrichment of the elastic potential by the second‐order gradient of deformation, gradient elasticity formulations are capable of taking nonlocal effects into account. Moreover, geometry‐induced singularities, which may appear when using classical elasticity formulations, disappear due to the higher regularity of the solution. In this contribution, a mixed finite element discretization for finite strain gradient elasticity is investigated, in which instead of the displacements, the first‐order gradient of the displacements is the solution variable. Thus, theC1continuity condition of displacement‐based finite elements for gradient elasticity is relaxed toC0. Contrary to existing mixed approaches, the proposed approach incorporates a rot‐free constraint, through which the displacements are decoupled from the problem. This has the advantage of a reduction of the number of solution variables. Furthermore, the fulfillment of mathematical stability conditions is shown for the corresponding small strain setting. Numerical examples verify convergence in two and three dimensions and reveal a reduced computing cost compared to competitive formulations. Additionally, the gradient elasticity features of avoiding singularities and modeling size effects are demonstrated.
A three‐dimensional enhanced dual‐porosity and dual‐permeability approach for hydromechanical modeling of naturally fractured rocks
Authors: Rueda Julio , Mejia Cristian , Noreña Nilthson , Roehl Deane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe natural fracture system plays an important role in the development of naturally fractured reservoirs. Traditionally, those reservoirs are simulated using dual‐porosity and dual‐permeability models. Conventional dual‐porosity models adopt over‐simplifications in terms of characterization of the fractured system. Generally, they focus on the hydraulic problem and do not consider the rock and fracture deformability. Besides, those models assume equally sized block matrix and orthogonal fracture sets with uniform properties. This work proposes a new hydromechanical formulation to represent a fractured porous formation more realistically using the finite element method. The enhanced dual‐porosity and dual‐permeability (EDPDP) model allows incorporating multiblock domains formed by several multiscale fracture sets with arbitrary orientations, permeabilities, and sizes. The fully coupled hydromechanical formulation includes fracture orientations and stress‐induced aperture changes to update stiffness and permeability tensors. The EDPDP model is implemented in an in‐house framework to study the effects of fractures with multiple scales on a hydrocarbon reservoir's hydromechanical behavior. We compare the proposed model against the discrete fracture method to assess its accuracy. The comparative results show excellent agreement and validated the fully coupled hydromechanical formulations. Finally, we present a case study of a reservoir that contains multiple sets of fractures with different scales and arbitrary orientation to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed model.
Effects of adding different concentrations of block copolymers in epoxy matrix nanocomposites with carbon allotropic nanoparticles
Authors: Schuster Marcia Bär , Abreu Iury Körting de , Becker Daniela , Coelho Luiz A. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the role of different concentrations of a polyester‐polyurethane‐based block copolymer (BCP) on epoxy resin nanocomposites with allotropic carbon nanoparticles (graphene nanoplatelets [GNPs] or carbon nanotubes [CNTs]) on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties, focusing on fracture toughness and its mechanisms. Amounts of BCP corresponding to 1x, 5x, and 10x the mass of nanoparticles were added. Nanocomposites with a low concentration of BCP (1x) were stronger than the neat epoxy, while high concentrations of BCP (10x) yielded a negative effect for both studied carbon nanoparticles. Fracture toughness (KIc) performed better at a 5x BCP concentration and this effect was greater for the system with CNTs. Likewise, for the GIc, the best results were seen in nanocomposites with 5x BCP, with a greater increase in the system with GNPs. In all nanocomposite systems with BCPs, the soft phase self‐arrangement mechanisms, that is, debonding/cavitation and consequent voids on the fracture surface, were verified.
Electromagnetic interference shielding response of multiwall carbon nanotube/polypropylene nanocomposites prepared via melt processing technique
Authors: Kaushal Ashish , Singh Vishal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study tells about dc conductivity, mechanical, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding response of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites prepared via melt processing technique using a twin‐screw extruder. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites shows improvement by 27% compared to the sample with no filler added (PCN0). The incorporation of MWCNT leads to a boost in electrical conductivity from 2.07 × 10−10 to 4.21 × 10−6 S/cm. The maximum EMI shielding effectiveness obtained at 5 wt% of MWCNT load valued −21.07 in the X‐band (8.2‐12.4 GHz) frequency range, measured using the vector network analyzer. The results concluded that the prepared nanocomposite is suitable to be used as a mechanically durable shielding material to fulfill the industrial needs of shielding.
Fetal teratomas – A retrospective observational single‐center study
Authors: Simonini Corinna , Strizek Brigitte , Berg Christoph , Gembruch Ulrich , Mueller Andreas , Heydweiller Andreas , Geipel Annegret 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of course and outcome of pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed fetal teratomas of various locations in a single center between 2002 and 2019.MethodsRetrospective observational single‐center study including prenatally suspected or diagnosed fetal teratomas. Focus was put on ultrasound findings during pregnancy. Complications, need for intervention and outcomes were compared according to tumor location.Results79 cases of fetal teratomas were seen at our center between 2002 and 2019. Most frequent tumor locations were the sacrococcygeal region (59.5%), neck (20.2%) and oropharynx (7.6%). Complications mainly included polyhydramnios and cardiac compromise. Need for intervention during pregnancy was significantly higher in pericardial teratomas. Preterm birth before 37 and early preterm birth before 32 weeks occurred in 72.7% and 29.1%, respectively. Major causes of perinatal death were tumor bleeding in sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) and respiratory failure in cervical and oropharyngeal teratomas.ConclusionThere is a high need for intervention in pregnancies complicated by fetal teratomas. Pericardiocentesis in pericardial teratomas is often inevitable to reduce the risk of intrauterine demise. Amniotic fluid drainage in associated severe polyhydramnios helps to reduce the risk of preterm birth, a major cause of additional morbidity and mortality. MRI in supplement to prenatal ultrasound is useful in fetal teratomas of the neck and oropharynx in order to plan delivery.
Let your maps be fuzzy!—Class probabilities and floristic gradients as alternatives to crisp mapping for remote sensing of vegetation
Authors: Feilhauer Hannes , Zlinszky András , Kania Adam , Foody Giles M. , Doktor Daniel , Lausch Angela , Schmidtlein Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMapping vegetation as hard classes based on remote sensing data is a frequently applied approach, even though this crisp, categorical representation is not in line with nature's fuzziness. Gradual transitions in plant species composition in ecotones and faint compositional differences across different patches are thus poorly described in the resulting maps. Several concepts promise to provide better vegetation maps. These include (1) fuzzy classification (a.k.a. soft classification) that takes the probability of an image pixel's class membership into account and (2) gradient mapping based on ordination, which describes plant species composition as a floristic continuum and avoids a categorical description of vegetation patterns. A systematic and comprehensive comparison of these approaches is missing to date. This paper hence gives an overview of the state of the art in fuzzy classification and gradient mapping and compares the approaches in a case study. The advantages and disadvantages of the approaches are discussed and their performance is compared to hard classification (a.k.a. crisp or boolean classification). Gradient mapping best conserves the information in the original data and does not require an a priori categorization. Fuzzy classification comes close in terms of information loss and likewise preserves the continuous nature of vegetation, however, still relying on a priori classification. The need for a priori classification may be a disadvantage or, in other cases, an advantage because it allows using categorical input data instead of the detailed vegetation records required for ordination. Both approaches support spatially explicit accuracy analyses, which further improves the usefulness of the output maps. Gradient mapping and fuzzy classification offer various advantages over hard classification, can always be transformed into a crisp map and are generally applicable to various data structures. We thus recommend the use of these approaches over hard classification for applications in ecological research.