bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study on the use of a non‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid with associated anti‐oxidant ingredients to improve the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser toning in the treatment of melasma in six patients
Authors: Yip Daniel LK 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common skin disorder. Nd:YAG laser toning is a popular treatment for melanin clearance. Treatment efficacy is limited by factors such as presence of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, TEWL, and skin barrier disruption.AimsThe purpose of this pilot study is to explore the efficacy of a non‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid with anti‐oxidant ingredients in mitigating the above‐stated factors in the treatment of melasma using Nd:YAG laser toning.MethodIn this pilot retrospective study of six cases with melasma, Nd:YAG laser toning was performed for each case until improvement of melasma has plateaued (after 4‐6 sessions) and at which point treatment was paused. After injecting non‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid (9‐12 mL) with anti‐oxidant ingredients into the face with focus on the lesional skin, further sessions (4‐6) of Nd:YAG laser toning was resumed. Before, interim (improvement has plateaued), and after (on completion of the remaining sessions of laser toning after hyaluronic acid injection) photos of the six cases were scored using modified MASI. ANOVA analysis was applied to the scores.ResultsAll six melasma cases had further improvement in melasma clearance after hyaluronic acid injection beyond the point when improvement has plateaued. ANOVA analysis of before, interim, and after scores showed statistical significance in difference between the three groups.ConclusionThis pilot study of six cases suggests that the use of a non‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid with anti‐oxidants may improve the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser toning in the treatment of melasma.
MEASURING SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF RESEARCH WITH ALTMETRICS? COMMON PROBLEMS AND MISTAKES
Authors: Thelwall Mike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact agenda in many countries has led to increased attempts to assess the societal impacts of research. Altmetrics, webometrics, and other alternative indicators have been proposed to support this task, and many journal articles have been written that exploit alternative indicators to investigate societal impacts. Nevertheless, methodological studies of many of these indicators have revealed that extreme care must be taken with gathering, aggregating, and interpreting them. This article gives an overview of current alternative indicators, summarizes empirical research, and reports a series of common problems and mistakes to avoid when using them. The main issues are: selecting indicators to match goals; aggregating them in a way sensitive to field and publication year differences; largely avoiding them in formal evaluations; understanding that they reflect a biased fraction of the activity of interest; and understanding the type of impact reflected rather than interpreting them at face value.
The evolution of temporomandibular disorders: A shift from experience to evidence
Authors: Kandasamy Sanjivan , Greene Charles S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter over 80 years of much obsession as well as avoidance of the subject of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), the dental profession is still divided over what they are and how to deal with them. Over this period, nearly every discipline in dentistry has played some role in the development of this field. Unfortunately, a significant amount of this information has been based on personal opinion, experience‐based philosophies, or poorly conducted research. Furthermore, each dental specialty has been responsible for contributing to the concepts of the etiology and management of TMDs with their own professional bias; for example, orthodontists describe these problems in orthodontic terms and offer orthodontic treatments or solutions for their patients. As various treatment approaches were found to be effective at least some of the time, this has further led to misinformation and confusion within the profession. Advances in research from diverse fields, including neurophysiology, pain pathophysiology, genetics, endocrinology, behavioral sciences, and psychology, have significantly altered our understanding of TMDs and how they should be managed. The rigid mechanical and dental‐based model of the past has been gradually replaced by a biopsychosocial medical model for the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs as well as other acute and chronic pain disorders. This paper discusses the evolution of our understanding of TMDs since they were first described 85 years ago. Contemporary scientific findings and their implications are presented in some detail for clinicians who wish to provide the appropriate management for their orofacial pain patients.
Accuracy Evaluation of a Three‐Dimensional Model Generated from Patient‐Specific Monocular Video Data for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Matsuo Moe , Mine Yuichi , Kawahara Kazuko , Murayama Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate if the combination of a monoscopic photogrammetry technique and smartphone‐recorded monocular video data could be appropriately applied to maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication.Materials and MethodsSmartphone video and laser scanning data were recorded for five healthy volunteers (24.1 ± 0.7 years). Three‐dimensional (3D) facial models were generated using photogrammetry software and a laser scanner. Smartphone‐recorded video data were used to generate a photogrammetric 3D model. The videos were recorded at two resolutions: 1080 × 1920 (high resolution) and 720 × 1280 pixels (low resolution). The lengths of five nasal component parts (nose height, nasal dorsum length, nasal column length, nasal ala length, and nose breadth) were compared in the photogrammetric 3D models (as the test model) and the laser scanned 3D models (as the validation model) using reverse engineering software.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the nasal dorsum length between the test model and the validation model (high resolution; 95% confidence interval, 2.05‐5.07, Low resolution; confidence interval, 2.19‐5.69). In contrast to the nasal dorsum length, there were no significant differences in nose height, nose breadth, nasal ala length, and nasal column length.ConclusionUsing smartphone‐recorded video data and a photogrammetry technique may be a promising technique to apply in the maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation workflow.
Availability of Health Insurance Literacy Resources Fails to Meet Consumer Needs in Rural, Appalachian Communities: Implications for State Medicaid Waivers
Authors: Edward Jean , Thompson Robin , Jaramillo Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeWith the impending changes to state Medicaid programs and other health reform policies, it is imperative to understand the factors at play in promoting consumer health insurance literacy and health system engagement. This study examines the availability of health system and community‐based programs promoting health insurance literacy and supporting informed consumer health care decision making in rural communities in Kentucky.MethodsForty‐six health systems, community‐based providers, and outreach workers participated in 4 focus groups and 10 semistructured interviews. Descriptive and analytic coding techniques were used to identify 5 major themes and subthemes from interview and focus group transcripts.FindingsConsumers were generally identified as having low health insurance literacy, especially in rural communities, serving as a barrier to accessing health care insurance and services. Participants identified their own lack of knowledge and understanding around health systems, resulting from lack of training and challenges with staying updated on constant changes in health systems and policies. Overall, consumer demand or need for health insurance literacy resources and programs far exceeded supply or availability. Constant changes in the status of Kentucky's Medicaid program and the proposed changes to eligibility, specifically work requirements and copays, have caused increased confusion among both providers and consumers.ConclusionsFindings indicate a pressing need for implementing programs that provide training, tools, and resources to outreach workers to help them better assist consumers with accessing and using health insurance, especially in low‐income, rural areas. Health reform policies need to be responsive to the health insurance literacy needs and abilities of consumers.
Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges
Authors: Boyd Claude E. , D'Abramo Louis R. , Glencross Brent D. , Huyben David C. , Juarez Lorenzo M. , Lockwood George S. , McNevin Aaron A. , Tacon Albert G. J. , Teletchea Fabrice , Tomasso Joseph R. , Tucker Craig S. , Valenti Wagner C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImportant operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.
A CNL protein in wild emmer wheat confers powdery mildew resistance
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Dong Lingli , Li Beibei , Wang Zhengzhong , Xie Jingzhong , Qiu Dan , Li Yahui , Shi Wenqi , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiuhong , Chen Yongxing , Lu Ping , Guo Guanghao , Zhang Huaizhi , Zhang Panpan , Zhu Keyu , Li Yiwen , Zhang Yan , Wang Rongge , Yuan Chengguo , Liu Wei , Yu Dazhao , Luo Ming‐Cheng , Fahima Tzion , Nevo Eviatar , Li Hongjie , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Powdery mildew, a fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), has a serious impact on wheat production. Loss of resistance in cultivars prompts a continuing search for new sources of resistance.

Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, WEW), the progenitor of both modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, harbors many powdery mildew resistance genes. We report here the positional cloning and functional characterization of Pm41, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from WEW, which encodes a coiled‐coil, nucleotide‐binding site and leucine‐rich repeat protein (CNL). Mutagenesis and stable genetic transformation confirmed the function of Pm41 against Bgt infection in wheat.

We demonstrated that Pm41 was present at a very low frequency (1.81%) only in southern WEW populations. It was absent in other WEW populations, domesticated emmer, durum, and common wheat, suggesting that the ancestral Pm41 was restricted to its place of origin and was not incorporated into domesticated wheat.

Our findings emphasize the importance of conservation and exploitation of the primary WEW gene pool, as a valuable resource for discovery of resistance genes for improvement of modern wheat cultivars.
Zygomatic implant survival in 9 ectodermal dysplasia patients with 3.5‐ to 7‐year follow‐up
Authors: Goker Funda , Grecchi Emma , Mancini Evangelista Giovanni , Del Fabbro Massimo , Grecchi Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveEctodermal dysplasia syndrome is a complex group of genetic disorders identified by the abnormal development of the ectodermal structures. The aim of this retrospective clinical case series report was to evaluate the outcomes of the ectodermal dysplasia syndrome patients that underwent zygomatic implant surgery.Materials and MethodsA total of 9 ectodermal dysplasia syndrome patients aged between 21 and 56 years (mean age 36.8) with severely atrophic maxilla were included in this study. All the patients were treated with a total of 19 zygomatic implants. The mean follow‐up of the patients was 55 months (with a range of 44–84 months). The implant survival rate was evaluated as a primary outcome. The intra‐ and postoperative complications were evaluated as additional criteria for success.ResultsThe overall implant survival rate was 100% without any complications. Final or provisional prosthesis was delivered on the same day of surgery, which resulted in an improvement of the quality of life of the patients.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, zygomatic surgery can be considered as a viable and safe alternative to conventional treatment modalities for oral rehabilitation of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome patients.
10‐kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Postsurgical Pain: Results From a 12‐Month Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Scowcroft James , Kloster Daniel , Guirguis Maged , Carlson Jonathan , McJunkin Tory , Chaiban Gassan , Israel Atef , Subbaroyan Jeyakumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) can be caused by peripheral nerve injury (PNI) resulting from surgical procedures and has a significant neuropathic component. This prospective, single‐arm study was conducted to document the effectiveness of 10‐kHz spinal cord stimulation (10‐kHz SCS) as a treatment for patients with CPSP.MethodsSubjects with CPSP who were refractory to conventional medical interventions and reported pain scores of ≥5 cm on a 10‐cm VAS underwent trial stimulations lasting up to 14 days. Epidural leads were implanted at locations appropriate for the primary area of pain, and trials resulting in ≥40% pain relief were considered successful. Subjects with successful trials underwent implantation with a permanent 10‐kHz SCS system and were followed for 12 months after implantation.ResultsOf the 34 subjects who underwent trial stimulation, 1 was withdrawn early and 29 (87.9%) had a successful trial and received a permanent implant. After 12 months of treatment, the mean VAS score decreased by 6.5 cm, the response rate was 88.0% (22/25), and 18 subjects (62.1%) were remitters with VAS scores sustained at ≤3.0 cm. Scores for all components of the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 were significantly reduced, including affective descriptors of pain. Pain catastrophizing and vigilance, patient function, physical and mental well‐being, and sleep quality all improved over the course of the study. No neurologic deficits reported in the study.Conclusions10‐kHz SCS is effective and tolerated in patients with CPSP, and further study of its clinical application in this population is warranted.
Factors Associated With Long‐Term Risk of Recurrence After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia Involving the Ophthalmic Division: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Xiuhua , Zheng Shuyue , Cao Zhao , He Liangliang , Yang Liqiang , Ni Jiaxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors associated with recurrence after radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of the gasserian ganglion among patients with ophthalmic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and prognostic factors in terms of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) during a long‐term follow‐up.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2017, 300 patients with ophthalmic TN underwent RFT. A retrospective analysis of 14‐year outcomes was performed. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used for RFS after the procedure. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pain recurrence.ResultsThe initial effective rate of RFT for ophthalmic TN was 92%. The mean follow‐up time was 77.38 ± 43.24 months. The cumulative probability of RFS was 86.94% at 1 year, 80.03% at 2 years, 77.27% at 3 years, 74.01% at 5 years, and 59.92% at 10 years after RFT. The mean duration of RFS was 114.67 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 106.27 to 123.06 months). In multivariate analysis, atypical pain (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.831, 95% CI 1.759 to 4.554, P < 0.001) and mild facial hypesthesia (HR = 2.540, 95% CI 1.309 to 4.931, P = 0.006) before RFT were independently associated with pain recurrence. Patients with a prognostic index (PI) > 1.27 were at high risk for pain recurrence. Major complications included troublesome dysesthesia (0.7%), keratitis (10.9%), diplopia (0.4%), facial paresthesia (6.2%), and masseter weakness (12.7%). Masseter weakness was more common in patients with V3 branch involvement. Three patients lost their sight due to keratitis.ConclusionOur study investigated long‐term outcomes and complications of RFT for ophthalmic TN. Patients at high risk for pain recurrence were identified, which might provide a basis for clinical decision making before RFT.
Heat priming improved heat tolerance of photosynthesis, enhanced terpenoid and benzenoid emission and phenolics accumulation in Achillea millefolium
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Lu , Rusalepp Linda , Kaurilind Eve , Sulaiman Hassan Yusuf , Püssa Tõnu , Niinemets Ülo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of heat priming, triggering alteration of secondary metabolite pathway fluxes and pools to enhance heat tolerance is not well understood. Achillea millefolium is an important medicinal herbal plant, rich in terpenoids and phenolics. In this study, the potential of heat priming treatment (35°C for 1 hr) to enhance tolerance of Achillea plants upon subsequent heat shock (45°C for 5 min) stress was investigated through recovery (0.5–72 hr). The priming treatment itself had minor impacts on photosynthesis, led to moderate increases in the emission of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles and isoprene, and to major elicitation of monoterpene and benzaldehyde emissions in late stages of recovery. Upon subsequent heat shock, in primed plants, the rise in LOX and reduction in photosynthetic rate (A) was much less, stomatal conductance (gs) was initially enhanced, terpene emissions were greater and recovery of A occurred faster, indicating enhanced heat tolerance. Additionally, primed plants accumulated higher contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins at the end of the recovery. These results collectively indicate that heat priming improved photosynthesis upon subsequent heat shock by enhancing gs and synthesis of volatile and non‐volatile secondary compounds with antioxidative characteristics, thereby maintaining the integrity of leaf membranes under stress.
The Paranoid Style in American Politics Revisited: An Ideological Asymmetry in Conspiratorial Thinking
Authors: van der Linden Sander , Panagopoulos Costas , Azevedo Flávio , Jost John T. 
Published: June 2020

It is often claimed that conspiracy theories are endorsed with the same level of intensity across the left‐right ideological spectrum. But do liberals and conservatives in the United States embrace conspiratorial thinking to an equivalent degree? There are important historical, philosophical, and scientific reasons dating back to Richard Hofstadter's bookThe Paranoid Style in American Politicsto doubt this claim. In four large studies of U.S. adults (totalN = 5049)—including national samples—we investigated the relationship between political ideology, measured in both symbolic and operational terms, and conspiratorial thinking in general. Results reveal that conservatives in the United States were not only more likely than liberals to endorse specific conspiracy theories, but they were also more likely to espouse conspiratorial worldviews in general (r = .27, 95% CI: .24, .30). Importantly, extreme conservatives were significantly more likely to engage in conspiratorial thinking than extreme liberals (Hedges'g = .77,SE = .07,p < .001). The relationship between ideology and conspiratorial thinking was mediated by a strong distrust of officialdom and paranoid ideation, both of which were higher among conservatives, consistent with Hofstadter's account of the paranoid style in American politics.
Prevention not cure: a review of methods to avoid sea lice infestations in salmon aquaculture
Authors: Barrett Luke T. , Oppedal Frode , Robinson Nick , Dempster Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry still struggles with ectoparasitic sea lice despite decades of research and development invested into louse removal methods. In contrast, methods to prevent infestations before they occur have received relatively little research effort, yet may offer key benefits over treatment‐focused methods. Here, we summarise the range of potential and existing preventative methods, conduct a meta‐analysis of studies trialling the efficacy of existing preventative methods and discuss the rationale for a shift to the prevention‐focused louse management paradigm. Barrier technologies that minimise host–parasite encounter rates provide the greatest protection against lice, with a weighted median 76% reduction in infestation density in cages with plankton mesh ‘snorkels’ or ‘skirts’, and up to a 100% reduction for fully enclosed cages. Other methods such as geographic spatiotemporal management, manipulation of swimming depth, functional feeds, repellents and host cue masking can drive smaller reductions that may be additive when used in combination with barrier technologies. Finally, ongoing development of louse‐resistant salmon lineages may lead to long‐term improvements if genetic gain is maintained, while the development of an effective vaccine remains a key target. Preventative methods emphasise host resistance traits while simultaneously reducing host–parasite encounters. Effective implementation has the potential to dramatically reduce the need for delousing and thus improve fish welfare, productivity and sustainability in louse‐prone salmon farming regions.