bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar and Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT)
Authors: Hossain Nazia , Jalil Rafidah 
Published: March 2020

Various types of carbohydrate-rich plants with several methods have been experimented to produce sugar and bioethanol. Usually, sugar and bioethanol are yielded by fermentation process synthesized from cellulosic and hemi-cellulosic biomass. In this study, Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) sap was utilized to produce sugar and bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) as fermentation agent as well as Alanine amino acid (C3H7NO2) and Epsom salt (MgSO4) as nutritional supplements in anaerobic condition with 96 hours duration. The first objective of this study was to produce sugar and bioethanol from three different parts of OPT sap such as upper, middle and bottom part and identify the most-efficient part to optimize. Another objective was to demonstrate the effect of nutrients on fermentation process to determine highest yield. After experimenting fermentation process of 50 ml concentrated OPT sap with 30 ml warmed distilled water for 96 hours, obtained result indicated that upper part of OPT yielded the highest ethanol amount 58.34% (w/w) and sugar 21.14% (w/w) with nutrients.
Assessment of Perceived Health and Environmental Problems of Household Energy Consumption among Ilese Ijebu Residents Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ayoade Adegbite A. , Salako Sikiru G , Yusuf-Babatunde A. M , Lawal Olubanji A , KuKu M Adeoye 
Published: March 2020

The study was carried out among Ilese-Ijebu residents southwestern Nigeria, to assess their perceived health and environmental problems associated with different sources of household energy use for cooking, then their perception and acceptability of adopting other alternative source of energy (biogas). A focused group discussion and self-structured questionnaire administration methodologies were adopted to elicit information on their current energy sources and adoption for alternative energy source (biogas). The researchers randomly selected twenty five (25) households to include the total sample size of one hundred (100) and organized an interactive session on the subject matter, during which three prepared forms were given out to the participants to filled their demographics characteristics, sources of energy for household cooking with associated health and environmental problems and perception and acceptability of biogas, descriptive statistics and likert scale technique were used to analyze the results obtained. The results of the analysis showed that, the respondents do make use of more than one source of energy for cooking, kerosene stoves (95), firewood (63), charcoal stove(32), while lesser people made use of liquefied gas (12) and electricity (5). Average numbers of respondents 50-60 are aware of associated health and environmental problems with firewood and charcoal, but not ready to use electricity and liquefied gas because of bills and fire hazards when the energy sources is not properly handled. However, the likert scale results of the positive score of 227 and the negative score of 598 on the acceptability of use of biogas for domestic cooking indicating that, presently, the residents are not ready to adopt the biogas as the alternative energy. Therefore, there is need to organize massive awareness campaign, health education talks among the residents on the effect of air pollution associated with household energy sources and consumption, health and financial benefits of adopting other alternative clean energy source.
Impact Assessment of Land use / Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion and Rural Livelihood in Andit Tid Watershed, North Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gessesse Abrham Tezera , Chanie Tilashwork , Feyisa Tesfaye , Jemal Abdlesemed 
Published: March 2020

Land use, which is use of land by human for different purposes, is influenced by two broad sets of forces human needs (socio-economic) and environmental features and processes (biophysical). The study was carried out at Andit Tid watershed one of SCRP research unit founded in 1982, located on 390 43’E 9048’N. This research has aimed to assess the trend and main driving force of land use and land cover change (LULCC) within the catchment / watershed during the last two decades and its impact on soil erosion. Structural questioner was used to collect social data from 8% of the total household. Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and supervised image classification used to identify land use/ land cover change of the study area for 1994 and 2014 years, respectively. TESTMAIN and SPSS version 16 Statistical software’s were used for Soil loss calculation and social data analysis, respectively. The result indicates that, there is expansion of cultivated land by 11.33% (44.55ha) while reduction in natural shrub lands by 7.3 % (35.73ha). The main driving forces of land use land cover change are high number of family member, small land holding size and minimum asset own per household, lower educational level of the household, the household mainly occupied on agriculture and there is lack of animal feed. This change forced farmers to collect cereal crops based on suitability area, sale livestock, use organic and inorganic fertilizer and use improved variety due to low crop productivity. The LULC change has an impact on decline soil fertility, cause serious soil erosion problem with in farmland/watershed. The result also indicated that soil loss reached 3655 ton per annum from the watershed. Therefore, proper handling and land use system need to be implemented, rainwater harvesting structures and soil and water conservation practice need to be encouraged in order reduce soil loss.
Richness of Avifauna in Gorewada International Bio-Park, Nagpur, Central India
Authors: Shende Virendra A. , Patil Kishor G. 
Published: March 2020

The present study comprises the biodiversity of birds in Gorewada International bio-park situated at north-west of Nagpur city with geographical location 21°11′N 79°2′E and a good habitat for avian biodiversity. Bird watching and recording were done from March 2011 to February 2014, in the morning and evening hours during Sunday and holidays. 190 species belonging to 128 genera, 51 families and 17 orders (Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Cuculiformes, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, Coraciiformes, Piciformes and Passeriformes) were recorded. The order Passeriformes is the largest order belonging to 20 families and 75 bird species. Out of total bird species, 89 (46.84%) are resident, 77 (40.53%) are resident migrant and 24 (12.63%) are migratory species.
Forest region of this bio-park provides heterogeneity in vegetation and lake is rich in aquatic fauna and other food for avian species. Therefore, this region is well suitable for feeding, resting and roosting site for aves. The report obtains information regarding resident birds, migratory birds and resident migratory birds of Gorewada bio-park.
Aural foreign bodies and their management: our experience
Authors: Harini Padma , Kudamala Suneel 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aural foreign bodies (FB) are a common presentation at ENT outpatient department mostly seen in paediatric population. Some are easily managed while others should be dealt with caution and extreme care. The objectives of the study were to analyze the types of aural FB, their incidence in different age groups and evaluate management methods.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective descriptive study on patients of all age groups with aural FB presenting to the ENT Outpatient Department in a tertiary care centre for a period of 1 year. The clinical presentation, type of FB, incidence in different age groups and management methods were analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 200 patients aged 2-78 years were evaluated. Age group of under 15 years was most affected (70%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.326. Majority (104 out of 200) presented with a history of FB insertion in the ear while others presented with aural pain and discharge. In 10 cases, ear foreign body was an incidental finding. Most common FB was seeds in children and cotton buds, bird feathers in adults. Most of the cases were managed without anaesthesia with use of headlight. Ear probes were used in 45% cases followed by forceps, suction and syringing in remainder.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most of the aural foreign bodies can be managed in the outpatient department itself without any anaesthesia under direct vision of headlight with the help of simple instruments without any complications.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
An analysis of smartphone addiction among MBBS students
Authors: Krishnan Bindu , M Bhalerao Muktpal , J Mokal Smita , G Latti R 
Published: March 2020

Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday life due to its varied and advanced functionality and easy availability. The nearly universal availability of smartphones and the close association of this with humans has led to various concerns about it becoming a part of behavioral addiction. In this study, smartphone addiction was assessed by using the short version of smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV) and an attempt has been made to analyse the behavioral component associated with addiction.Semi-structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic variables were given to 200 students. SAS-SV scale was used to assess smartphone addiction among the study sample.Results showed 26.9% male and 28% of female participants were addicted to smartphones according to SAS-SV scores. 43% male and 19% female participants spend &#62; 5 hrs using smartphones per day and 8% of female participants and 6.4% of males spend &#62; 5 hrs on social media. Withdrawal, conflict, tolerance and salience were the psychological features observed in our study sample.In conclusion, smartphone addiction was found to be around 26.9% and 28% among the male and female respondents by using the SAS-SV scale. In our study 8% of girls and 6.4% of boys agreed that they spend more than 5 hours on social media every day. Instagram, WhatsApp and Facebook were the commonly used social media sites used by them. The findings in our study did correlate with Brown’s well established framework for behavioral addiction especially behavior like withdrawal, conflict, tolerance and salience.
Comparative study of heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young women aged 22-40 years
Authors: G Venkatesh , Rani Y S Usha 
Published: March 2020

Heart Rate Variability analysis has gained much importance in recent years, as a technique employed to explore the activity of autonomic nervous system (ANS), and as an important early marker for identifying different pathological conditions. Autonomic nervous activities fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the changes in the ANS activity measured by the frequency domain analysis during different phases of menstrual cycle. The subjects consisted of 50 healthy adult females aged 22-40 years who had regular menstrual cycles. The electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were taken during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by means of two main frequency components that is the low frequency (LF) and the high frequency (HF) components using appropriate software. Heart rate (HR) and blood pr essure (BP) were also recorded. In the frequency domain analysis, the low frequency component (LF) was significantly higher (p&#60;0.01) during the luteal phase and the high frequency component (HF) was significantly higher (p&#60;0.01) in follicular phase. The LF/HF ratio was significantly greater in (p&#60;0.01) the luteal phase compared to follicular and menstrual phases (p&#60;0.001). Changes in Heart rate (HR) were maximum in the luteal phase and minimum in the follicular phase. Blood pressure (BP) did not show any significant change during different phases of menstrual cycle. These findings indicate that sympathetic nervous activity in the luteal phase is greater than in the follicular phase, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity is predominant in the follicular phase.
Effects and impact of an innovative pair and share learning strategy on academic performance of slow learners in I MBBS
Authors: Lohitashwa Renu , B A Soumya , K Suneeta 
Published: March 2020

Identifying a slow learner and involving him/her in an active learning process like pair and share has shown to build a meaningful understanding of subject and also beneficial for long term learning and self directed learning skills. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects and impact of an innovative pair and share learning strategy on academic performance of slow learners. 42 Slow learners in Department of Physiology were identified with a score of &#60;35% following a formative assessment and were exposed to an innovative pair & share learning strategy which included internal discussion & presenting their pair’s topic in front of whole group. Activity included pretest, posttest and feedback questionnaire. Statistical analyses were done using Student’s paired t test and SPSS. There was slight improvement in the pretest and posttest scores but was not statistically significant. Majority of the students were satisfied and some were very satisfies with this type of learning strategy. Many of the students expressed that this method of learning module was enjoyable, improved their knowledge, helped them understand and remember specific information effectively and provided positive feedback because of peer feedback. The innovative pair and share learning strategy will facilitate slow learners to develop valuable learning skills for lifelong and more efforts need to be geared towards popularizing this module for improving productivity.
Waist hip ratio as predictor of incident diabetes in young adults
Authors: Singh Sonia , Acharya Sanju 
Published: March 2020

Obesity is associated with impaired glucose tolerance which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Central obesity (approximated by waist/hip ratio) is more informative than general obesity (body mass index). Thus, central obesity markers can be used to predict diabetes. To find a correlation between blood sugar level and waist hip ratio in young adult males and females. A cross sectional study was conducted among 60 students (30 males and 30 females) of first year MBBS in the department of Physiology of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences. Their WHR was measured and their venous blood sample was drawn in fasting and 2 hr post lunch. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. According to WHR criteria, post prandial blood sugar level was significantly raised in males ‘at risk level’ (WHR ≥ 0.90) as compared to males ‘below risk level’ (WHR ≤ 0.90). WHR is a good predictor of post prandial hyperglycemia and both are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease.
Use of multiple choice questions to assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS - A core competency, among first and second MBBS students of KBNIMS, Gulbarga
Authors: V Shashidhar , N Shilpa 
Published: March 2020

Multiple choice questions (MCQ’s) are a reliable and an efficient method of assessment. It is an objective type of assessment where, its efficiency depends on the item and the options given. A well framed MCQ is a very good tool for formative and summative assessment of the student. It is also been introduced in medical education, different entrance exams. The student can be assessed for the depth of the knowledge he/she has using MCQs. Also, the MCQs are less time consuming, cost effective and efficient and reliable. To compare the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS in 1 and 2 MBBS students using MCQs as an assessment method The study comprised 100 1 MBBS and 100 2 MBBS students from KBNIMS, Gulbarga. Students were given 14 MCQs on HIV/AIDS and were asked to tick the correct answers. In our study we found that the performance of 2 MBBS students was better compared to 1 MBBS students in majority of the MCQs In this study we found that MCQs can be used as assessment tool to compare the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS among UG medical students. We found that the knowledge and awareness of AIDS is better among 2 year students who have the topic as core competency to learn.
Radio anatomical analysis of positional relation between anterior ethmoid artery canal and ethmoid skull base in correlation with olfactory fossa
Authors: S Gugapriya T , Vinay Kumar N 
Published: March 2020

Skull base (SB) injuries happens mostly either in the thinnest or the least resistant part of skull base. The lateral lamella of cribriform plate is one of the common sites of injury during endoscopic anterior skull base surgeries. The anterior ethmoid artery (AEA) visualization is considered as a significant anatomical landmark in such surgeries. Studies correlating their positional relation with morphology of olfactory fossa remains limited. This study aims to look into the relation of AEA to that of SB in different types of olfactory fossa morphology.A retrospective radiological study was done on 100 coronal CT images from patients who were subjected to paranasal CT imaging. In bone window of coronal CT scans, the position of AEA in relation to SB was noted and the vertical distance between them was measured. Based on the distance of AEA from SB, 3 groups were subdivided as follows: Group A - &#60; 2.5 mm, Group B – 2.5 to 5 mm and Group C - &#62; 5 mm. The depth of the olfactory fossa was measured and categorized according to Keros classification.Out of 200 sides, AEA was found below SB in 167 out of 200 (83.5%) with majority belonging to Group A (101 out of 167). Keros type II was commonly observed among all the groups. The position of AEA below SB was seen at a greater frequency as the height of SB increased with the Keros classification and was statistically significant (P = .006)The knowledge of presence of anterior ethmoid artery outside the skull base with long lateral lamella preoperatively would help the surgeon to avoid intraoperative complications during endoscopic skull base or sinus surgeries.
Sleep pattern and life style habits in medical students and interns
Authors: Gowda N R Vikram , Maria Paul Ashita , S Sumadevi V 
Published: March 2020

Sleep pattern and behavior plays an important role in personality. It becomes very essential in profession where decision making has to be precise. Health care profession is always a challenging filed, with evolving science every day the people in this profession are at risk of sleep deprivation either due to work schedule or stressors. Hence sleep pattern study in their study period will help in predicting pattern developed in sleep. 261 subjects participated in study constituting self-reporting questionnaire which included sleepiness, acute insomnia and chronic insomnia, activities in bed and sleep environment responses was obtained which determined life style habits and individual sleep pattern and behavior 40% of study participants had sleep onset delay more than 30minutes and among them 4% of participants needed pharmacological intervention. On comparison among different phases of course and interns using ANOVA there was no statistical significant difference in sleep patterns but interns had poor sleep quality as per the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) criteria. The study indicated altered sleep patterns in the group of interns and in first year students of the course though it was not statistically significant.
Cognitive performance and Heart rate variability: The influence of menstrual cycle in young subjects
Authors: Gowda N R Vikram , Sree Nath Pavithra 
Published: March 2020

Menstrual cycle characterized by various dynamic alterations in sex steroidal hormones not only alters the reproductive organs but also various systemic organs and hence higher functions are one among them. This study is an attempt to determine the influence of various hormones on cognitive function using short term heart rate variability analysis in different phases of menstrual cycle. Thirty participants were subjected for the baseline recording of HRV and psychomotor vigilance test and short term memory test along with HRV recording in three subsequent numbers of times to study variations in three different phases of menstrual cycle . Both time domain and frequency domain parameters were studied during resting state and while performing psychomotor vigilance test and short term memory test. The time domain and frequency domain parameters on comparison with resting state to during psychomotor vigilance test and short term memory test parameters were statistically insignificant in all three phases recorded. Unlikely on comparison of heart rate variability parameters both times domain and frequency domain values of RRI, RMSSD and LF (nu) values were statistically significant across the different phases suggesting upper hand of sympathetic tone. The present study indicated increased sympathetic discharge during follicular phase on comparison to luteal and menstrual phase. The results also indicated a change in cognitive functioning during different phases due to hormonal variations.
Types of pulmonary fissures and its surgical implications: A cadaveric study
Authors: Channabasanagouda  , Halagatti Manjunath 
Published: March 2020

Being the essential organs of respiration, pair of lungs are situated on either side of the mediastinum. Each lung is divided into lobes by the fissures. These fissures allow for proper expansion of lungs and on the other hand fissures may have a role in restricting infection to a particular lobe. Fissures may be complete, incomplete or absent.To study the variations in the fissures of lung, compare the results with the available data and to discuss the surgical importance of this study. 37 pairs of lungs (37 right and 37 left) from formalin fixed cadavers were observed and classified into different grades of fissures ( as per Craig and Walker criteria). Presence of accessory fissures was noted.Out of the 37 right lungs, 3 showed absence of horizontal fissure and the same fissure was incomplete in right sided 17 lungs. Among the left lungs, 9 had incomplete oblique fissure. Accessory fissure were found in 2 right and 1 left lungs.The current study showed that right lung may be without horizontal fissure or fissures may be incomplete. Thus, a light on these variations by the cardiothoracic surgeons will help in better planning of surgeries like lobectomy. Knowledge about the fissures will aid in arriving at better diagnosis for the clinicians and radiologists.