bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Al-Nahwu 'Inda al-Bashriyyiin wa al-Kufiyyiin (al-Qarn al-Awwal ila al-Tsalits al-Hijriy)
Authors: Bachmid Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

كانت في نشأة النحو العربي أدوار، الدور الأول الوضع والتكوين، وهذا من دور البصرة، وهي أول مدينة عينت بالنحو واللغة، تبدأ مدرسة البصرة من أبي أسود الدؤالي الذي توفي بها سنة 67هــ إلى عهد الخليل بن أحمد (ت 175 هـ). ولقد ظهر اللحن في صدر الإسلام بسبب اختلاط العرب وامتزاجهم بالأعاجم، مما جعل علماء البصرة يحرصون على رسم أوضاعها خوفا عليها من الفناء والذوبان في اللغة الأعجمية. الطبقة الأولى من البصريين تبدأ من عهد نصر بن عاصم (ت 89 ه) إلى يحى بن يعمر (ت 129 ه)، والطبقة الثانية من البصريين فى الدور الأول تبدأ هذه الطبقة من عهد عبد الله بن إسحاق (ت 117 ه) إلى عهد أبى عمرو بن العلاء (ت 154 ه). الدور الثانى : دور النمو والنشوء والارتقاء، وهذا من دور البصرة والكوفة، وقد سبقت البصرة بنحو مائة عام الكوفة التي جاءت بعدها لتأسس مذهبا خاصا في النحو. تقابل الطبقة الثالثة من البصريين الطبقة الأولى من الكوفيين، ومن أشهر علمائها أبو جعفر الرؤاسي (ت 175 هــ) ومعاذ الهراء (ت 178 هــ)، ومن علماء البصريين في هذا الدور الأخفش الأكبر (ت 172 ه) وسيبويه (ت 180 ه). الدور الثالث دور النضج والكمال، لقد بلغ النحو نضجه وكماله فأصبحت القضايا النحوية علما مستقلا---Abstrak Dalam perkembangan ilmu nahwu, terdapat beberapa fase, fase pertama peletakan dan penyusunan. Ini berpusat di Bashrah, sejak peletakan pertama oleh Abu al-Aswad sampai al-Khalil ibn Ahmad. Pada waktu itu lahn telah tersebar luas sehingga menuntut mereka untuk segera mengkodifikasi nahwu. Terjadinya lahn diseabkan oleh interaksi bangsa arab dengan bangsa-bangsa lain di dunia. Periode pertanma bashrah dimulai pada masa Nasr Ibn Ashim (w.89 M) sampai masa Yahya Ibn Ya'mur (w. 129 H). Periode kedua Bashrah dimulai dari masa Abdullah Ibn Ishaq (w. 117 H) Sampai masa Amr Ibn al-Ala (w. 154 H). Kedua, masa pertumbuhan, yaitu masa perkembangan di mana nahwu bukan hanya berkembang di Bashrah melainkan pula di Kufah. Tokoh Kufah pada fase ini antara lain Abu Ja’far al-Ru’asi (w. 175 H) dan Muazd al-Harra (w. 178 H), sedangkan tokoh Bashrah antara lain al-Akhfasy al-Akbar (w. 172 H) dan Imam Sibawaih (w. 180 H). Ketiga, fase kematangan dan penyempurnaan, dimana ilmu nahwu telah telah dikodifikasi oleh ulama-ulama di kedua kota tersebut.
Realisasi Strategi Kesantunan dalam Wacana Dakwah
Authors: Saefudin Saefudin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract The research dealing with the speech acts and politeness strategy in the texts of religius speech/Khutbah Jum’at aims at describing the kinds of illocutionary speech acts and politeness strategy used by da’i in making speech text or discourse. The method used in the reasearch is qualitative and descriptive method. This researh is a contectual one by deciding the research components. The speech acts study is mainly based on the searle’s theory, and the other suppoting theories, especilaly related to the functional language theory. The data is taken from the collection of Islamic speeh, which were published by Masjid Agung Sunda Kelapa Jakarta. Furthermore, based on the analysis, the data found in the texts involve speech acts modes, kinds of illocitionary speech acts, and the politeness strategy as well.. However, the meaning or massage implied in the texts is still informative expressions, but not able to touch an important aspect of the other different speech acts and the politeness strategies suitable to the context of situation and culture. Abstrak Penelitian tentang kesantunan berbahasa pada teks ceramah/khutbah Jumat ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jenis tindak tutur ilokusi dan strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh penceramah/khotib dalam pembuatan teks atau wacana ceramah/khutbahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian ini bersifat kontekstual dengan mempertimbangan komponen tutur. Kajian tindak tutur berlandaskan pada teori J.L Austin dan Searle, serta teori-teori pendukung lainnya, terutama yang terkait dengan bahasa fungsional. Data diambil dari kumpulan ceramah/khutbah Jum’at yang diterbitkan oleh Masjid Agung Sunda Kelapa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pemaparan data-data yang ditemukan dalam wacana ceramah/khotbah Jum’at meliputi; modus tuturan, jenis tuturan ilokusioner, serta strategi kesantunan. Namun demikian, pesan yang terkandung dalam teks ceramah/Khutbah Jum’at masih bersifat informatif, belum sampai menyentuh persoalan pentingnya tindak tutur yang lain dan strategi kesantunan sesuai dengan konteks situasi dan budaya. DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.5159
Engagement in Early Intervention Services Among Mothers in Recovery From Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Peacock-Chambers Elizabeth , Feinberg Emily , Senn-McNally Molly , Clark Maria Carolina , Jurkowski Briana , Suchman Nancy E. , Byatt Nancy , Friedmann Peter D. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Opioid-exposed infants frequently qualify for early intervention (EI). However, many eligible families choose not to enroll in this voluntary service. This study aims to understand the perceptions and experiences that may impact engagement with, and the potential benefits of, EI services among mothers in recovery from opioid use disorders (OUDs).

METHODS:
We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (n = 22) and 1 focus group (n = 6) with mothers in recovery from OUDs in western Massachusetts. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by using a descriptive approach.

RESULTS:
The mean participant age was 32 years, and 13 had a high school degree or less. Five major themes emerged revealing mothers’ development through stages of engagement in EI services: (1) fear, guilt, and shame related to drug use (emotions acting as barriers to enrollment); (2) the question of whether it is “needed” (deciding whether there is value in EI for opioid-exposed infants); (3) starting with “judgment” (baseline level of perceived stigma that parents in recovery associate with EI); (4) breaking down the “wall” (how parents overcome the fear and perceived judgment to build partnerships with providers); and (5) “above and beyond” (need for a personal connection with mothers and concrete supports through EI in addition to the child-focused services provided).

CONCLUSIONS:
Barriers to engagement in EI among mothers in recovery from OUDs include a range of emotions, perceived stigma, and ambivalence. An effort to purposefully listen to and care for mothers through a strengths-based, bigenerational approach may help establish greater connections and foster stronger EI engagement among families affected by OUDs.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Multikultural di Majelis Taklim An Najach Magelang
Authors: Huda Imamul 
Published: January 2020

This research aims to describe the lecture of An Najach majelis taklim and its function for people empowerment activities. The research method uses qualitative-descriptive methods through the interview, observation, and documentation. The place of the research is at An Najach majelis taklim located in An Najach Islamic boarding school in Magelang. The results showed that first, the lecture materials are normative, emphasizing individual piety and not prioritizing issues related to living together in pluralism and multiculturalism; second, in addition to multicultural values, religious lectures contain some anti-multicultural values, such as truth claims, prejudices, stereotypes against other groups, stigma and judgment, and hate speech; and third, An Najach represents the capable majelis taklim to empower people in the spiritual, economic, educational, and social aspects. This research recommends the importance of professionalism in managing majelis taklim and good communication with the audience and people. This research enriches studies on the development of Islamic societies, especially in people empowerment based on majelis taklim.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POHON ANGKA UNTUK ASPEK KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TKK NEGERI BUNGA BANGSA TUDE KECAMATAN JEREBUU KABUPATEN NGADA
Authors: Noge Maria Desidaria , Meo Matilde , Ngura Elisabeth Tantiana 
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pohon angka sebagai media untuk kemampuan aspek berbahasa pada Anak Usia Dini di TKK Negeri Bunga Bangsa Tude. Metode penelitian dikaji menggunakan jenis penelitian model pengembangan ADDIE, model ini terdiri atas lima tahap yaitu, (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation.Dalam penjabaran diantaranya: 1) pada tahap analyze (analisis) dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu analisis kurikulum, analisis kebutuhan siswa, dan analisis kompetensi; 2) pada tahap design (desain), peneliti membuat perencanaan desain produk ( pohon angka) dengan desain awal yaitu ranting kayu; 3) pada tahap Development (pengembangan), peneliti membuat suatu pengembangan media pohon angka yang utuh yang sudah didesain awal dan juga buku panduan yang direvisi oleh ahli 4) pada tahap Implementation (implementasi), peneliti menerapkan produk yang sudah direvisi untuk diuji coba 5) pada tahap Evaluation (evaluasi), dilakukan untuk merevisi tiap tahap-tahap lainya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji coba produk terdiri atas 5 instrumen dengan nilai rata-rata dari instrumen ahli materi 93% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen ahli media 76% pada kategori valid, instrumen ahli desain 80% pada kategori valid, instrumen uji coba perorangan 95% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen uji kelompok kecil 98% pada kategori sangat valid. Kata-kata kunci: kemampuan berbahasa, media pohon angkaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pohon angka sebagai media untuk kemampuan aspek berbahasa pada Anak Usia Dini di TKK Negeri Bunga Bangsa Tude. Metode penelitian dikaji menggunakan jenis penelitian model pengembangan ADDIE, model ini terdiri atas lima tahap yaitu, (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation.Dalam penjabaran diantaranya: 1) pada tahap analyze (analisis) dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu analisis kurikulum, analisis kebutuhan siswa, dan analisis kompetensi; 2) pada tahap design (desain), peneliti membuat perencanaan desain produk ( pohon angka) dengan desain awal yaitu ranting kayu; 3) pada tahap Development (pengembangan), peneliti membuat suatu pengembangan media pohon angka yang utuh yang sudah didesain awal dan juga buku panduan yang direvisi oleh ahli 4) pada tahap Implementation (implementasi), peneliti menerapkan produk yang sudah direvisi untuk diuji coba 5) pada tahap Evaluation (evaluasi), dilakukan untuk merevisi tiap tahap-tahap lainya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji coba produk terdiri atas 5 instrumen dengan nilai rata-rata dari instrumen ahli materi 93% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen ahli media 76% pada kategori valid, instrumen ahli desain 80% pada kategori valid, instrumen uji coba perorangan 95% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen uji kelompok kecil 98% pada kategori sangat valid. Kata-kata kunci: kemampuan berbahasa, media pohon angka
Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce Corruption, Transnational Crime, and Eradication Measures
Authors: Prakasa Satria Unggul Wicaksana 
Published: January 2020

The appointment of Emirsyah Satar, former President Director of PT Garuda Indonesia, and former Director of PT Mugi Rekso Abadi, Soetikno Soearjo who was the beneficial owner of Connaught International Pte. Ltd. as an intermediary for bribery against the Emirsyah in the alleged bribery case of aircraft and aircraft engine procurement from Airbus SAS and Rolls Royce PLC by PT. Garuda. Cross-border corruption carried out by Rolls-Royce is not only corruption committed by a private entity, but the case is also related to efforts to recognize the concept of Foreign Affairs Bribery as a new type of corruption. This research aims to find out the corruption as a transnational crime committed by multinational corporations and how inter-state cooperative actions can prosecute corruption cases. Legal questions raised are: (1) how can the United Nations Convention Against Corruption mechanism be used in exposing the Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce corruption case as a transnational crime, and (2) what legal remedies which can be applied to punish corruption committed between Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce? This study argues that, as part of transnational crime, of course, Garuda Indonesia and Rolls-Royce's corruption is an extraordinary crime that is not only detrimental to business practices but also the rule of law in Indonesia and other countries involved. Corruption done by Rolls-Royce, which involved Emirsyah Satar as a former director of Garuda Indonesia, has harmed Indonesia. Thus, Jurisdiction of criminal acts of corruption is needed. It should be under the legal system of corruption eradication in Indonesia. There is a need for interpretation because Indonesia is part of the state which ratified UNCAC through Law No. 7 of 2006. Therefore, recognizing the Foreign Affairs Bribery concept as part of a judge's rechtvinding (finding of law) of the Criminal Court that multinational/transnational corporations comply with and respect the rule of law and eradication of corruption in Indonesia. It includes in making lex specialis (law governing a specific subject matter) related to Foreign Affairs Bribery so that similar cases do not occur in the future for Indonesia.
Keywords: Corruption, Transnational Crime, Garuda Indonesia, Rolls-Royce.
The Principle of Utilization of Rahn in Non-Cash Transaction of Gold at Islamic Banks
Authors: Ali Moh. , Rahma Siska Hidayatur 
Published: January 2020

Non-cash transaction of gold is one type of service by Islamic banks. Non-cash transactions of gold using the contract as a binder between Islamic banks and customers. The contract consists of a murabahah and rahn contract; this contract is contained in a Proof of Ownership of Gold (SBKE). In the rahn contract, there is a stipulation that gold, which is the object of cash, is used as collateral for Islamic banks. This study aims to analyze the validity and suitability of the rahn contract and future conceptions of noncash transactions of gold trading using the principle of benefit. The results showed that the rahn contract on the non-cash transaction of gold cash did not meet the validity of the contract contained in Article 21 KHES (Compilation of Sharia Economic Law) because there were provisions that contradicted Article 18 paragraph (1) item h of Law Number 8 of 1998 about Consumer Protection. Rahn in the non-cash transaction of gold is generally the same as the pawn only in the non-cash transaction of gold; there is an initial transaction in the form of murabahah. The next conception regarding the sale and purchase of gold in cash is a guarantee used no longer in the form of gold, but in the form of proof of ownership of gold or gold certificate, this is based on the MUI DSN fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008 concerning (rahn) Tasjily.
Keywords: Non-cash Transaction of Gold, Rahn Contract, Principle of Utility
Offset Fracture Events Made Simple: An Operator's Collaborative Approach to Observe Parent Child Interactions, Measure Frac Hit Severity and Test Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Johnson David C. , Yeager Bryce B. , Roberts Christopher D. , Fowler Brett W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It has long been postulated that complicated problems can usually be solved with simple solutions. While this is not always the case, one might, at least, ask for a simple framework to guide a team through a technically difficult issue. When one private oil & gas operator was faced with the common industry challenge of Parent/Child well interactions in an unconventional, dry-gas shale, a collaborative team applied a simple workflow in the form of the scientific method. The iterative workflow provided a simple approach to utilize common data, clearly calculate economic risk and ultimately reveal major performance indicators of offset well development.
The study area focuses on the northeast region of Pennsylvania, specifically in the dry gas window of the Marcellus Shale. More specifically, five counties in Pennsylvania (Bradford, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Wyoming and Lycoming) are studied after the operating company moved into full time development and started offsetting older appraisal wells. The impact from these offset events were varied ranging from parents and children losing reserves to parents and children gaining reserves. However, value loss was more common. As this risk grew, management charged the technical team and service partners with the goal of empirically mitigating offset frac interference to 1) protect the Parent well's original completion and 2) maximize a Child well's completion effectiveness.
To accomplish these goals, the team employed the scientific method to observe offset events, measure the impact to reserves and experiment with mitigation techniques. To date, the team has cataloged &gt; 70 offset events, classified over 350 frac hits and tested one mitigation technique. In addition to an offset frac workflow, this paper will highlight statistical correlations of high value variables and detail an economic Monte Carlo Simulator to quantify the risk of a parent/child event.
The effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on high-risk sexual behaviors among patients with human papillomavirus infection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pourgholamamiji Nima , Shahsavari Hooman , Manookian Arpi , Soori Tahereh , zandkarimkhani Maryam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem in all countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in both genders. High-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs) are among the major risk factors for HPV infection. Lack of knowledge can contribute to HRSBs and hence, education can potentially reduce HRSB risk. This study evaluated the effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on HRSBs among patients with HPV. Methods: This two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2017-2018. The educational program was developed based on the results of a survey into the most important components of the Theory of Reasoned Action contributing to HRSBs among 100 patients recruited from Razi hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, 110 patients from the same hospital were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 55) and an intervention (n = 55) group and all of them completed a demographic questionnaire and the Sexual Risk Scale. Then, each participant in the intervention group was provided with the developed educational program which consisted of two face-to-face educational sessions in the first and the thirtieth days of the intervention, an educational booklet, and biweekly follow-up telephone contacts. Their counterparts in the control group solely received routine care services. Three months after the first educational session, HRSBs were reassessed in both groups. Results: There were no significant between-group differences respecting participants’ baseline characteristics and mean score of HRSBs (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of HRSBs significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.70). The posttest mean score of HRSBs in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Education based on the Theory of Reasoned Action is effective in significantly reducing HRSBs among patients with HPV infection. Nurses can develop and use educational interventions based on this theory to reduce HRSBs and HPV infection. Trial registration: IRCT2016121831453N1 (8 Oct 2017) Keywords: Theory of Reasoned Action, High-risk sexual behaviors, Human papillomavirus
The Optimum Resistance of Small Intestine Fusion by Pulse Source
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Kefu , Xiang Xiaowei , Zhu Caihui , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The radiofrequency (RF)-induced intestine-fusion, as a replacement method for traditional suture in surgery, has been studied for years. The present study reports the optimum resistance of small intestine fusion. As the feedback signal, resistance will be the indicator of the fusion completion for device design of intestine-fusion, and in-depth study of microstructure change. Materials and methods A self-design pulse source is used for small intestine fusion with adjustable voltage, duty ratio, frequency and output time. In this study, the frequency is 440 kHz; voltage, output time and compression pressure (CP) on the small intestine are independent variables for the experiment. The differences of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining slices are discussed. The real time current is measured and recorded during the fusion for calculation of resistance. The burst pressure (BP) is measured with a pressure gauge and a peristaltic pump after the fusion completion. Results The highest BP is 38.9 mmHg with CP of 900 kPa, voltage of 50 v and time of 5 s. The optimum resistance is 71.1 Ω. Conclusions The quality of fusion is a result of combined influence of CP, voltage and time. The optimum resistance of 71.1 Ω is proposed for the highest BPs and automatically fusion.
Activation of SIRT1 Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in The Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis in a Rat Model of Chronic Migraine
Authors: liang jie , zhou xue , wang jiang , fei zhaoyang , qin guangcheng , zhang dunke , zhou jiying , Chen Li-Xue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The mechanism of chronic migraine (CM) is still unclear and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a possible role in migraine pathophysiology. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in mitochondrial dysfunction in many diseases, but there is no information about SIRT1 in CM.The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 in mitochondrial dysfunction in CM. Methods： A rat model was established through repeated dural infusions of inflammatory soup (IS) for seven days to simulate CM attacks. Cutaneous hyperalgesia caused by the repeated infusions of IS was detected using the von Frey test. Then, we detected SIRT1 expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). To explore the effect of SIRT1 on mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats, we examined whether SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1, altered mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats. Results： Repeated infusions of IS resulted in cutaneous hyperalgesia accompanied bydownregulation of SIRT1.SRT1720 significantly alleviated the cutaneous hyperalgesia induced by repeated infusions of IS. Furthermore, activation of SIRT1 markedly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α), transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and nuclear respiratory factor 2(NRF-2) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and increased the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions ：Our results indicate that SIRT1 may have an effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats. Activation of SIRT1 has a protective effect on mitochondrial function in CM rats.