bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal circulating human resistin increases in diabetes during pregnancy and impairs placental mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Jiang Shaoning , Teague April M. , Tryggestad Jeanie B. , Lyons Timothy J. , Chernausek Steven D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Diabetes during pregnancy affects placental mitochondrial content and function, which can impact fetal development and the long-term health of offspring. Resistin is a peptide hormone originally discovered in mice as an adipocyte-derived factor that induced insulin resistance. Unlike rodents, human resistin is primarily secreted by monocytes or macrophages. The regulation and roles of human resistin in diabetes during pregnancy remain unclear.

Methods

Human resistin levels were measured in cord blood of women with diabetes during pregnancy (n=42) and healthy controls (n=81). Secretion of resistin from cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were measured. The actions of human resistin in mitochondrial biogenesis were determined on placental trophoblastic cells (BeWo cells) or human placental explant.

Results

Concentrations of human resistin in cord sera were higher in diabetic pregnancies (67 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (50 ng/ml, P< 0.05), and correlated (r=0.4, P=0.002) with a measure of maternal glycemia (glucose concentration 2 h post challenge). Resistin mRNA was most abundant in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). Secretion of resistin from cultured CBMCs was increased in response to high glucose (25 mM). Exposing BeWo cells or human placental explant to resistin decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial abundance, and ATP production.

Conclusions

In summary, we have shown that resistin is increased in fetal circulation of infants exposed to the diabetic milieu potentially reflecting the response of monocytes/macrophages to hyperglycemia and metabolic stresses associated with diabetes during pregnancy. Increased exposure to resistin may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant energy metabolism characteristic of offspring exposed to diabetes in utero .
Ferrofluid Thin Films for Airfoil Lift Generation
Authors: Arias Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, consideration is given to a novel concept for airfoil lift generation and flow control. In this concept, the goal is attained by

preventing the growth of the boundary layer from the elimination of the zero slip condition between the surface and the air stream. The concept would simulate all effects of a moving wall leading in the appearance of slip velocity in the gas-fluid interface including the injection of momentum into the boundary layer, with one exception: there is no moving wall but instead a ferrofluid thin film attached at the wall by a magnetic field which permit to attain much more higher velocities at the interface which is not allowable if mobil surface wall are used. Utilizing a simplified physical model for the profile velocity of the ferrofluid film and from ferrohydrodynamic stability considerations an analytical expression for the interfacial velocity was derived. Finally, from the available experimental data on moving walls the expected lift and attack angle enhancement was found. Additional R\&D is required in order to explore the possibilities in the use of ferrofluid thin films.
Whether pelvic radiotherapy increased the risk of secondary bladder cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dou WeiChao , Ren ZhengJu , Hu Xu , Shao YanXiang , Lia Thongher , Xiong SanChao , Liu JianBang , Yang WeiXiao , Ren PengWei , Wei Qiang , Zeng Hao , Li Xiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The question whether pelvic radiotherapy increases the risk of secondary bladder cancer remains unclear. In this review, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between exposure to radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies and subsequent second primary bladder cancer risk. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for all associated studies concerning secondary bladder cancer risk and radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers up to 15 th December 2019. We extracted related study characteristics and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Outcomes were synthesized with random effect models and Manhtel-Haenszel weighting. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used for reporting this systematic review and meta-analysis. We use GRADE system to assess the quality of main outcome. Results We identified 3958 references after literature searching and eventually 19 studies were selected for meta-analysis. Most studies were cohort studies with moderate risk of bias. Compared with patients treated without radiotherapy, our results showed an increased risk of secondary bladder cancer after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies (RR 1.75,95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.50-2.05) with moderate quality of evidence. Similar results were also found in organ-specific analysis of radiation therapy for testicular cancer(RR 2.25,95% CI 1.34-3.78),uterine cancer(RR 2.52,95%CI 1.12-5.67) and prostate cancer(RR 1.64 95%CI 1.39-1.93).Although a varied definitions of latency periods used in different studies, the results showed a consistently increased risk of bladder cancer in all analyzed latency periods, and lag time over 10 years ranked as the highest relative risk(RR 2.98,95%CI 1.88-4.71). When compared with no radiotherapy, EBRT and Any RT significantly increased the risk of second primary bladder cancer (RR 2.08,95%CI 1.67-2.61 and RR 1.77,95%CI 1.49-2.10), but not for BT group (RR 1.58,95%CI 0.98-2.55). Conclusion In conclusion, pelvic radiotherapy was associated with higher relative risk of secondary bladder cancer compared with those without radiotherapy. These findings may help outpatient counseling and early detection of secondary cancer after diagnosis and treatment of first primary cancer. Keywords: Secondary Bladder cancer, Pelvic malignancies, Radiotherapy, Meta-analysis
What do we know about financial protection in health in Africa? A systematic review
Authors: Kabaniha Grace Achungura , Afriyie Doris Osei , Mandalia Mayur L , Ataguba John E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Financial protection is one of the main indicators to assess progress towards Universal Health Coverage. Efforts have been made globally to monitor financial protection. However, progress in the African Region is limited. Methods A systematic review was conducted to assess financial protection in health in Africa. The search of five databases was conducted between March and May 2019. Studies were included if they conducted empirical analyses on one or two dimensions of financial protection—catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures, at the national or subnational levels. The review included peer-review articles, grey literature and reports. Data extraction included study characteristics, the dimension of financial protection, including methods and data sources, and the type of analysis (incidence, equity analysis, determinants, trends over time) of financial protection. Results Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria of the review with at least one study in 41 out of the 47 countries in the WHO African Region. The analyses of the included studies showed that catastrophic and impoverishing health spending occurs in all the countries in the region, albeit at different levels. Various national household surveys were used as data sources. Also, the studies used different methods to assess financial protection. The incidence ranged from 0.29% in Zambia in 2010 to 16.4% in Nigeria in 2009 at a 10% threshold. Due to the wide range of data sources and methods, comparison of findings within and across countries was difficult. Furthermore, the majority of the studies focused on in-depth analysis of catastrophic health spending than impoverishing. Trends over time of both catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures were even limited in single-country analysis. Conclusion This review provides evidence that generally, financial protection is being monitored at the national level in the African Region, and the incidence of financial protection has increased generally in the Region. Further research on financial protection should explore methods to harmonize the estimation of OOP from different surveys In addition, analyses should go beyond measuring the incidence of financial protection and also focus on equity analysis, looking at the drivers and trends of both dimensions of financial protection.
New dynamical behaviour of the coronavirus (COVID-19) infection system with nonlocal operator from reservoirs to people
Authors: Veeresha P. , Prakasha D. G. , Malagi Naveen Sanju , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fundamental aim of the present study is to analyse and find the solution for the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the deadly and most dangerous virus from the lost three months called coronavirus. The mathematical model consisting of six nonlinear ordinary differential equations are exemplified and the corresponding solution is studied within the frame of 𝑞-homotopy analysis transform method (𝑞-HATM). Moreover, a newly defined fractional operator is employed in order to understand more effectively, known as Atangana-Baleanu (AB) operator. For the obtained results, the fixed point theorem is hired to present the exactness as well as uniqueness. For diverse arbitrary order, the behaviour of the outcomes is presented in terms of plots. Finally, the present study may help to examine the wild class of real-world models and also aid to predict their behaviour with respect to parameters considered in the models.
Proteoglycan-depleted regions of anular-injury promote nerve ingrowth in a rabbit disc degeneration model
Authors: Xin Long , Xu Weixing , Wang Jian , Yu Fang , Fan Shunwu , Wang Wei , Liu Jian , yang yang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background To assess the effects of proteoglycan-depleted regions of disrupted annulus on nerves ingrowth into the injury site in Vivo. Our study was designed to provide a test group of polymeric carriers loaded with chABC, using to enzymatically digest CSPGs in a controlled manner at the site of injury. And 2 control groups, one loaded with PBS buffer alone or the other created annular defect. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (n=18) received annular injuries at L3/4, L4/5, and L5/6. The experimental discs were randomly assigned to four groups: a) annular defect was created(1.8 mm diameter; 4 mm depth); b) annular defect implanted PLGA/fibrin/PBS plug; c) annular defect implanted with a PLGA/fibrin/chABC plug; d) uninjured L2/3 disc (control). Disc degeneration was evaluated by radiography, MRI, histology, and analysis of proteoglycan content. And immunohistochemical detection of nerve fibers and chondroitin sulfate was respectively performed with PGP9.5 and CS-56. Results The radiographic, MRI, histological and biochemical changes demonstrated that the injured discs produced progressive and reliable disc degeneration. In the defect discs, lamellated appearance of AF has been replaced by extensive fibrocartilaginous-like tissue formed outside the injured sites. In contrast to be distributed along small fissures within newly formed tissue accompanied with small blood vessels appeared in the outer part of disrupted area in the PLGA/fibrin/PBS discs. Following chABC effectively enzymic deglycosylation, the residual scaffolds were surrounded by newly formed tissues, where more sprouting nerve fibers grew further into the depleted annulus regions in the PLGA/fibrin/chABC discs than control discs and those receiving PLGA/fibrin/PBS. In addition, innervations scores in the PLGA/fibrin/chABC discs showed significantly higher than those of PLGA/fibrin/PBS discs and defected discs. Conclusions ChABC-based PLGA/fibrin gel achieved the bio-integration with native annulus tissue and providing a local source for sustained release of active chABC. Disc-derived proteoglycan inhibited nerves and blood vessels ingrowth were evidently abrogated by chABC enzymic deglycosylation in an annular-injured rabbit disc degeneration model. The inhibitory effects of Neural and vascular ingrowth are inversely associated with the proteoglycan content. CS secreted from discs are potential candidates that could be useful to reduce neurite growth associated with discogenic pain.
Measurement of changes in perfusion after carotid endarterectomy by 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Kong Dongsheng , Xue Zhe , Wu Chen , Wang Wenxin , Sun Zhenghui , YU Xinguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective method for treating cerebral ischemia caused by carotid stenosis, but there may be a risk of perfusion pressure breakthrough during early perfusion recovery. As a non-invasive and contrast-free magnetic resonance examination method, arterial spin labeling can be used for continuous observation and measurement in the early postoperative period of carotid endarterectomy. Results: Nineteen patients with severe unilateral carotid stenosis were examined using 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling before and after CEA, and we found that the pattern of dynamic cerebral blood flow changes is not the same in different regions.Conclusions: 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling might be helpful for the improvement of postoperative treatment and care of severe unilateral carotid stenosis patients.
In silico elucidation revealed SARS CoV and MERS CoV Drug Compounds could be Potential Therapeutic Candidates against Post Fusion Core (S2) Protein of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov)
Authors: Ayaz Zainab , Zainab Bibi , Abbasi Arshad Mehmood 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), since its emergence from Wuhan China in December 31, 2019 is still uncontrolled and has raised attention around the globe. According to World health organization, up to March 20, 2020, globally 209,839 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported along with 8778 deaths. 2019-nCoV is likely to be a recombinant of different coronaviruses such as SARS CoV and MERS CoV. Recent developments revealed that glycosylated spike (S) protein of 2019-nCov is contributing significantly in facilitating 2019- nCov infection in human body. The subunit (S1) of spike protein facilitates 2019-nCov binding with host cells’ receptors, while S2 subunit (post fusion core of 2019-nCov) is a key factor in fusion of 2019-nCov with host cell membrane and subsequent inoculation of its DNA in to the host cell. Therefore, in coronavirus infection, membrane fusion and receptor binding are critical. And if active sites of 2019-nCov spike protein S2 (post fusion core of 2019-nCov) are blocked, this may reduce COVID-19 infections in human. We use clustering based drug-drug interaction (DDI) networks and drug repositioning approach based on modularity to inhibit the membrane fusion and receptor binding capacity of 2019-nCov. About 150 drug compounds effective against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were retrieved, and screened on the basis of Lipinski rule of five. Clusters and strongly interacted DDI networks were generated in accordance to their modularity class, average path length and density. Promising drug candidates were then filtered by toxicity indicator and molecular docking. Our finding reveals that ZINC000029038525 and ZINC000029129064 drug compounds have significant binding potential with active sites of post fusion core of 2019-nCov ‘S2’ subunit and may inhibit membrane fusion and receptor binding capacity of 2019-nCov. Therefore, these drug compounds alone or in amalgamation could be strong and more effective therapeutic candidates against 2019-nCov infections.
Optimization Formulation of Semi-Finished Sponge Cake
Authors: Marinina Ekaterina , Sadygova Madina , Kirillova Tatiana , Kanevskaya Irina 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The research improved the formulation of semi-finished sponge cake by using the method of generalized desirability function. Traditional components were substituted with new advantageous rye varieties of local selection. The main advantage of the rye variety “Memory to Bambyshev” is that rye flour obtained from the whole grain of this variety has a lower trypsin inhibitor (1.7 mg/g) compared to flour from such varieties as “Saratov 6” (2.16 mg/g). Thus, the digestibility of the grain of this variety is higher by 0.26%. The rye can be used in baking to produce dietary breads, low-calorie bakery products with bran, and animal feed.
Study objects and methods. Cakes and pastries make 34.5% of the total volume of flour confectionery products. The study developed a new semi-finished sponge-cake product, which can serve as the basis for cakes and pastries. However, flour confectionery products are oversaturated with carbohydrates and fats, which increases their calorie content. A set of experiments was performed to study the effect of reducing the amount of sugar in the formulation and replacing wheat flour with rye flour on the quality of semi-finished sponge-cake product. A basic formulation for sponge cake was used as control sample. The test semples varied in content of sugar and flour made from various types of rye. The technological additives included Ovalet emulsifier (1.5% to flour) and Duo baking powder (0.1% to flour). Emulsifier “OVALET SUPER” (Bakels, Sweden) is a pasty substance that consists of emulsifying agents, water, and stabilizers and acts as an improver, stabilizer, and structurizer designed for the production of semi-finished sponge cakes, rolls, muffins, and cookies. Duo baking powder is a special highly effective tool that does not contain tartaric acid. It can be used for the production of various varieties of bread and confectionery, e.g. biscuits, rolls, gingerbread, etc. The obtained dough was easy to process. The new formulation increased the volume and color of the product, as well as slowed down the process of hardening.
Results and discussion. The highest value of the generalized function of desirability belonged to the sample where white wheat flour was subsituted with 30% of rye flour and the sample with 100% of rye flour with a 40% sugar reduction. According to the specific desirability indicators, the mass fraction of moisture, the mass fraction of total sugar, energy value, and foaming ability of the semifinished product were higher than those of the control sample.
Conclusion. The developed formulation and technology can expand the range of functional products.
Improving the Line of Instant Starch Soft Drinks
Authors: Plotnikov Konstantin , Popov Anatoly , Plotnikov Igor , Kryuk Roman , Rudnev Sergey 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. By 2030, Russia will have abandoned the export-dependent economy and moved on to the innovation-based development, as it is stated in the Long-Term Plan for Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation issued by the Ministry of Economic Development. Improving the production of products reduces the cost of finished products and increases their biological value. Working population often fails to maintain a balanced diet. Therefore, it is necessary to develop products that contain a large number of biologically active substances, e.g. instant drinks of plant origin.
Study objects and methods. The level of integrity of the technological production line for instant starch drinks depends on the level of integrity of each of its subsystems. By comparing the monitored parameters with the given values, one can assess the integrity level of the entire system. The subsystem that is responsible for the semi-finished product causes the greatest perturbation in the stability of the entire system. According to the theory of the technological flow proposed by Dr. V.A. Panfilov, this is subsystem B. The problem is associated with the instability of the granulation process, i.e. unstable particle size distribution in the finished product. The instability may occur due to the principle of operation and design features of dish-shaped granulators. As a result, the quality of the
finished product decreases.
Results and discussion. The team developed a new hardware design of a machine-hardware scheme for the production of instantiated granular food products (IGPP). They conducted a repeated assessment of the integrity level of the entire technological system. The analysis of the production technology of IHPP employed a systematic approach, which made it possible to determine the level of its organization and increase it. The positive changes took place after the introduction of a new subsystem of the solid-state mechanochemical activation of potato starch. The activation changed the physical and mechanical properties of native starches, thus intensifying the process of structure formation. In addition, the integrity of the entire subsystem could be increased by changing the principle of structure formation of granules. A new granulator and a new operating principle made it possible to perform granulation by pelletizing in controlled segregated flows.
Conclusion. The stability of subsystem B increased by 0.31, while the stability of the whole system increased by 0.56. The success was directly related to the new granulation technologies and a change in the technological flow of production of instant starch drinks.
Benchmarking for sewer operators as a first step towards performance evaluation in Austria
Authors: Dane Peter , Herda R. , Haberl R. 
Published: March 2020

Public operators of wastewater utilities will have to justify their costs more and more to their customers. One possibility to do this in a standardised way is to participate in a com-parison among each other, by investigating not only the cost-efficiency but also the effec-tiveness of the used means. The Austrian benchmarking internet platform www.abwasserbenchmarking.at was used 2005 for its first year and offers under the guid-ance of the Austrian Water and Waste Association (ÖWAV) a continuous benchmarking process for sewerage and wastewater treatment operators, established on the basis of the refined methodology of the year 2000 research project.
The further developed methodology provides better interpretation of the results and com-parability among the operators. The results should lead to improvements for operation. The limits of such a comparison can be seen especially with distinctive local influences and a high portion of contracted service. The feedback of the participants attested im-provement of insight in their system already by the standardised data collection and ag-gregation. The number of participants (30 wastewater treatment and 6 sewer operators) should be increased in the following years to make it a powerful instrument for the national water management.