bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing and Predictors of Subspecialty Career Choice Among Internal Medicine Residents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Jingkun , Singhal Surbhi , Weng Yingjie , Bentley Jason P. , Chari Neel , Liu Teresa , Delgado-Carrasco Karina , Ahuja Neera , Witteles Ronald , Kumar Andre 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Internal medicine residents face numerous career options after residency training. Little is known about when residents make their final career choice.

Objective
We assessed the timing and predictive factors of final career choices among internal medicine residents at graduation, including demographics, pre-residency career preferences, and rotation scheduling.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of graduates of an academic internal medicine residency program from 2014 to 2017. Main measures included demographics, rotation schedules, and self-reported career choices for residents at 5 time points: recruitment day, immediately after Match Day, end of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), end of PGY-2, and at graduation.

Results
Of the 138 residents eligible for the study, 5 were excluded based on participation in a fast-track program for an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education subspecialty fellowship. Among the remaining 133 residents, 48 (36%) pursued general internal medicine fields and 78 (59%) pursued fellowship training. Career choices from recruitment day, Match Day, and PGY-1 were only weakly predictive of the career choice. Many choices demonstrated low concordance throughout training, and general medicine fields (primary care, hospital medicine) were frequently not decided until after PGY-2. Early clinical exposure to subspecialty rotations did not predict final career choice.

Conclusions
Early career choices before and during residency training may have low predictability toward final career choices upon graduation in internal medicine. These choices may continue to have low predictability beyond PGY-2 for many specialties. Early clinical exposure may not predict final career choice for subspecialties.
Análisis de la autopercepción sobre el nivel de competencia digital docente en la formación inicial de maestros/as.
Authors: Girón Escudero Virginia , Cózar Gutiérrez Ramón , González-Calero Somoza José Antonio 
Published: March 2020

La competencia digital en la formación inicial docente es esencial en la actualidad ya que los estudiantes de enseñanza básica están en frecuente contacto con las nuevas tecnologías. Por tanto, sería conveniente que los futuros docentes acabasen el grado con una competencia digital óptima. Los objetivos de este estudio se centran en analizar el grado de competencia digital docente en el alumnado de Grado de Educación Infantil y Primaria mediante el modelo del “Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente” del INTEF (2017b). La metodología seguida ha sido de carácter cuantitativo observacional. Para ello, se ha utilizado un cuestionario online basado en dicho modelo, en el que han participado un total de 117 estudiantes de 4º curso de los Grados de Maestro en Ed. Infantil y Ed. Primaria de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete. Los resultados adquiridos muestran un nivel básico en las áreas estudiadas en ambas titulaciones tanto al inicio como al final del grado. Finalmente, se concluye que se hace necesaria la formación en TIC en los títulos del Grado para la adaptación de los futuros maestros y maestras a las necesidades del alumnado de Educación Infantil y Primaria.
Nowadays, digital competence in the initial training is essential since elementary students are often in touch with ICT. Therefore, it would be advisable that future teachers finish the degree with optimal digital competence. This study aims at analyzing teachers’ digital competence in students of teacher training degrees through the INTEF model (2017) “Common Framework for Teachers’ Digital Competence”. We followed a quantitative and observational methodology. For this purpose, an online questionnaire based on this model was used and 117 students participated. These students were mainly 4th year Early-Childhood and Primary Education students in the Faculty of Education. The results achieved show a basic level in the areas studied both in Early-Childhood and Primary, as well as at the beginning and end of their Education. To conclude, the inclusion of ICT training is necessary in training future Early-Childhood and Primary teachers in order to satisfy the needs of their students.
Análisis de la orientación académica y profesional en Educación Secundaria y su adaptación al alumnado con necesidad específica de apoyo educativo
Authors: Costa Jiménez Patricia , Martínez Ramón Juan Pedro , Ruiz Esteban Cecilia , Méndez Mateo Inmaculada 
Published: March 2020

Esta investigaciónanaliza el desarrollo de la orientación académica y profesional en Educación Secundaria y su adaptación al alumnado con necesidad específica de apoyo educativo (ACNEAE). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de diseño ex post facto. El muestreo ha sido intencional y por conveniencia. La muestra fue de N=13 Institutos de Educación Secundaria (IES) de titularidad pública del municipio de Murcia (España). El cuestionario aplicado mide las características de los centros estudiados, el procedimiento de la orientación académica y profesional y analiza la respuesta dada por la comunidad educativa al ACNEAE a través del programa de orientación académico y profesional (POAP). Los resultados muestran la situación actual de la orientación educativa, la participación de los agentes educativos y el grado de inclusión de los elementos del POAP. Las conclusiones del estudio giran en torno a la necesidad de una mayor participación de la comunidad educativa en el proceso de orientación académica y profesional y adaptación del plan de orientación académica y profesional a las necesidades del alumnado. La información derivada de esta investigación puede ser de utilidad para diseñar programas específicos de desarrollo de la madurez vocacional.
This research analyzes the development of academic and vocational guidance in secondary education, especially students with special educational needs. This is a descriptive study of ex post facto design. Sampling was intentional and convenience. The sample attained was composed of N=13 public Secondary Schools of the municipity of Murcia. The questionnaire implemented measures the characteristics of the centers studied, the procedure of academic and professional guidance and analyzes the response of this process in students with educational needs by means of the academic and professional orientation program. The results show the current situation of educational orientation, the participation of educational agents in the POAP and the analysis of the main elements that compose this program. The conclusions of this paper revolve around the following themes: the need for greater participation of the educational community in the process of academic and professional guidance and a greater adaptation of plan for academic and vocational guidance according to the needs presented by the students. The information derived from this research can be useful for designing specific programs so students with educational needs can develop their vocational attitude.
Aprender a emprender bajo el binomio familia-escuela
Authors: Caballero García Presentación Ángeles , Jiménez Martínez Mª Pilar , Guillén Tortajada Esmeralda 
Published: March 2020

La discusión sobre si escuela y familia influyen en la formación continua del discente para el desarrollo laboral, ha despertado gran interés social. La competencia emprendedora no se trabaja suficientemente desde la escuela y, sin embargo, facilita la inserción laboral futura. Defendemos su impulso conjunto desde el núcleo familiar y la escuela, involucrando a la comunidad. La investigación demuestra que estos programas educativos integrados estimulan el éxito académico, la inclusión social y la inserción laboral. El artículo revisa la literatura sobre el tema, ofreciendo una propuesta de práctica exitosa de desarrollo de la competencia emprendedora, basada en la sinergia familia-escuela.
The discussion about how education and family influence the continuous training of the student for the development of the labour market, has aroused great social interest. The entrepreneurial competence is not worked enough from the school environment and, however, facilitates the future employability. We advocate for the joint impulse of the family and the school nucleus, involving the community. Researches show that these integrated educational programs stimulate academic success, social inclusion and employment insertion. The article reviews the literature about the subject, offering a successful practice proposal of developing entrepreneurial competence, based on family-school synergy.
Changes of cellular stress response relatedhsp70andabcb1transcript and Hsp70 protein levels in Siberian freshwater amphipods upon exposure to cadmium chloride in the lethal concentration range
Authors: Protopopova Marina V. , Pavlichenko Vasiliy V. , Luckenbach Till 
Published: March 2020

The induction of cellular stress response systems, heat shock proteinhsp70/Hsp70 and multixenobiotic transporterabcb1, by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was explored in amphipod species with different stress adaptation strategies from the Lake Baikal area. Based on the lethal concentrations (LC) of CdCl2, the sensitivities of the different species to CdCl2were ranked (24 hr LC50 in mg/L CdCl2(mean/95% confidence interval)):Gammarus lacustris(1.7/1.3–2.4) <Eulimnogammarus cyaneus(2.9/2.1–4.0) <Eulimnogammarus verrucosus(5.7/3.8–8.7) <Eulimnogammarus vittatus(18.1/12.4–26.6). Conjugated dienes, indicating lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased after 24 hr exposures to 5 mg/L CdCl2only in the more CdCl2-sensitive speciesG. lacustrisandE. cyaneus. Upon treatment with 0.54 to 5.8 mg/L CdCl2for 1, 6 and 24 hrs,hsp70transcript levels were generally more increased after the longer exposure times and in the more CdCl2-sensitive species. Relating the CdCl2exposure concentrations to LCx values revealed that across the species the increases ofhsp70transcript levels were comparatively low (up to 2.6-fold) at CdCl2concentrations ≤LC50. Relativehsp70transcript levels were maximally increased inE. cyaneusby 5 mg/L CdCl2($\hat {=}$LC70) at 24 hrs (9.1-fold increase above the respective control). WhenG. lacustriswas exposed to 5 mg/L CdCl2($\hat {=}$LC90) for 24 hrs, the increase inhsp70was in comparison toE. cyaneusconsiderably less pronounced (3.0-fold increase inhsp70levels relative to control). Upon exposure of amphipods to 5 mg/L CdCl2, increases in Hsp70 protein levels compared to untreated controls were highest inE. cyaneusat 1 and 6 hrs (5 mg/L CdCl2$\hat {=}$ LC70) and inE. verrucosusat 24 hrs (5 mg/L CdCl2$\hat {=}$ LC45). Thus, when the fold increases in Hsp70 protein levels in the different amphipod species were related to the respective species-specific LCx values a similar bell-shaped trend as forhsp70transcript levels was seen across the species. Transcript levels ofabcb1in CdCl2exposed individuals of the different amphipod species varied up to 4.7-fold in relation to the respective controls. In contrast tohsp70/Hsp70,abcb1transcripts in CdCl2exposed individuals of the different amphipod species did not indicate similar levels of induction ofabcb1at equal LCx levels across the species. Induction ofhsp70andabcb1genes and Hsp70 proteins by CdCl2in the lethal concentration range shows that these cellular responses are rather insensitive to CdCl2stress in the examined amphipod species. Furthermore, the increase of expression of these cellular defense systems at such high stress levels suggests that induction of these genes is not related to the maintenance of normal metabolism but to mitigation of the effects of severe toxic stress.
Relationship between healthcare seeking and pain expansion in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain
Authors: Grande-Alonso Mónica , Muñoz-García Daniel , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Delgado-Sanz Laura , Prieto-Aldana María , La Touche Roy , Gil-Martínez Alfonso 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal problem, which implies a high rate of chronicity. The chronicity of symptoms can lead to pain expansion. The main objective of this study was to assess whether there were differences between patients with nonspecific chronic LBP (CLBP) who sought healthcare compared to those who did not in terms of pain expansion.MethodsNinety individuals participated in the study and were divided into three groups: 30 patients who sought care; 30 patients who did not seek care; and 30 asymptomatic individuals. The primary variable analyzed was pain expansion. Secondary physical and psychological variables were assessed later, and a regression analysis was performed.ResultsPatients who sought help showed significant differences in pain expansion and pain intensity compared with the group who did not seek help, with a medium effect size (0.50–0.79). The regression model for the care-seeking group showed that dynamic balance with the left leg and depression were predictors of percentage pain surface area (34.6%). The combination of dynamic balance, range of movement in flexoextension and depression were predictors of widespread pain (48.5%).ConclusionPatients who soughtcare presented greater pain expansion than patients whodidnot. A combination of functional and psychological variables can significantly predict pain expansion in patients with nonspecific CLBP who seek help.
A Polymerization‐Assisted Grain Growth Strategy for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yepin , Zhu Pengchen , Wang Minhuan , Huang Shu , Zhao Zipeng , Tan Shaun , Han Tae‐Hee , Lee Jin‐Wook , Huang Tianyi , Wang Rui , Xue Jingjing , Meng Dong , Huang Yu , Marian Jaime , Zhu Jia , Yang Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntrinsically, detrimental defects accumulating at the surface and grain boundaries limit both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Small molecules and bulkier polymers with functional groups are utilized to passivate these ionic defects but usually suffer from volatility and precipitation issues, respectively. Here, starting from the addition of small monomers in the PbI2 precursor, a polymerization‐assisted grain growth strategy is introduced in the sequential deposition method. With a polymerization process triggered during the PbI2 film annealing, the bulkier polymers formed will be adhered to the grain boundaries, retaining the previously established interactions with PbI2. After perovskite formation, the polymers anchored on the boundaries can effectively passivate undercoordinated lead ions and reduce the defect density. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.0% is obtained, together with a prolonged lifetime where 85.7% and 91.8% of the initial PCE remain after 504 h continuous illumination and 2208 h shelf storage, respectively.
Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructure Induced Polarization Photoresponse for MoS2‐Based Photodetector
Authors: Chen Si , Cao Rui , Chen Xing , Wu Qing , Zeng Yonghong , Gao Shan , Guo Zhinan , Zhao Jinlai , Zhang Meng , Zhang Han 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTechniques that give anisotropic properties to 2D materials with isotropic crystal structures will enable 2D material based photodetectors to possess polarization sensitivity in the detection of polarization, which will greatly improve the spatial resolution of photodetectors. Here, an MoS2‐based polarization photodetector induced by anisotropic plasmonic nanostructure is prepared. The integrating anisotropic plasmonic structures on a few‐layer MoS2 nanosheet can induce polarization photoresponse and enhance the responsivity of MoS2 device at the same time. The ratio of the maximum to minimum photocurrents reached 1.45 along two perpendicular polarizations. It proves that anisotropic nanostructure induced polarization sensitivity will pave a new way for the fabrication of polarization photodetectors.
Deubiquitylase OTUD6B Governs pVHL Stability in an Enzyme‐Independent Manner and Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Zhiqiang , Li Chunnan , Wang Ze , Wang Chanjuan , Deng Zhikang , Wu Bo , Cui Yu , Wang Zhanxin , Cui Chun‐Ping , Zheng Min , Zhang Lingqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the key transcription factors that allow cancer cells to survive hypoxia. HIF's stability is mainly controlled by von Hippel–Lindau (pVHL)‐mediated ubiquitylation. Unlike sporadic clear‐cell renal carcinomas, VHL mutation is rarely observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanisms of pVHL‐HIF signaling remain elusive. Here, it is shown that deubiquitylase ovarian tumor domain‐containing 6B (OTUD6B) suppresses HCC metastasis through inhibiting the HIF activity. OTUD6B directly interacts with pVHL, decreases its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation to reduce HIF‐1α accumulation in HCC cells under hypoxia. Surprisingly, OTUD6B limits the ubiquitylation of pVHL independent of its deubiquitylase activity. OTUD6B couples pVHL and elongin B/C to form more CBCVHL ligase complex, which protects pVHL from proteasomal degradation. Depletion of OTUD6B results in the dissociation of CBCVHL complex and the degradation of pVHL by Trp Asp repeat and suppressors of cytokine signaling box‐containing protein 1 (WSB1). In human HCC tissues, the protein level of OTUD6B is positively correlated with pVHL, but negatively with HIF‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Low expression of OTUD6B predicts poor patient survival. Furthermore, OTUD6B gene is a direct transcriptional target of HIF‐1α and upregulated upon hypoxia. These results indicate a previously unrecognized feedback loop consisting of OTUD6B, pVHL, and HIF‐1α, and provide insights into the targeted hypoxic microenvironment for HCC therapy.
Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium‐Powder‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Kolesnikov Aleksei , Kolek Martin , Dohmann Jan Frederik , Horsthemke Fabian , Börner Markus , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin , Stan Marian Cristian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode for the next generation of batteries if the issues related to safety and low coulombic efficiency can be overcome. It is known that the initial morphology of the lithium metal anode has a great influence on the cycling characteristics of a lithium metal battery (LMB). Lithium‐powder‐based electrodes (Lip‐electrodes) are reported to diminish the occurrence of high surface area lithium deposits. Usually, ultra‐thin lithium foils (<50 µm) and Lip‐electrodes are prepared on a copper substrate, thus a metal–metal contact area is generated. The combination of these two metals in the presence of an electrolyte, however, can lead to galvanic corrosion. Herein, the corrosion behavior of Lip‐electrodes is studied. The porosity of such electrodes leads to a high amount of accessible Cu surface in contact with electrolyte. As a consequence, Lip‐electrodes aged for 1 week in the electrolyte show spontaneous lithium dissolution near the junction to copper and void formation on the lithium‐powder particles. This corrosion process affects the delivered capacity of Lip‐electrodes and increases the overvoltage of the lithium electrodissolution process. The occurrence of corrosion at the Cu|Lip interface raises concerns about the practicality of multi‐metallic component systems for LMBs.
A Bayesian seamless phase I–II trial design with two stages for cancer clinical trials with drug combinations
Authors: Jiménez José L. , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of drug combinations in clinical trials is increasingly common during the last years since a more favorable therapeutic response may be obtained by combining drugs. In phase I clinical trials, most of the existing methodology recommends a one unique dose combination as “optimal,” which may result in a subsequent failed phase II clinical trial since other dose combinations may present higher treatment efficacy for the same level of toxicity. We are particularly interested in the setting where it is necessary to wait a few cycles of therapy to observe an efficacy outcome and the phase I and II population of patients are different with respect to treatment efficacy. Under these circumstances, it is common practice to implement two‐stage designs where a set of maximum tolerated dose combinations is selected in a first stage, and then studied in a second stage for treatment efficacy. In this article we present a new two‐stage design for early phase clinical trials with drug combinations. In the first stage, binary toxicity data is used to guide the dose escalation and set the maximum tolerated dose combinations. In the second stage, we take the set of maximum tolerated dose combinations recommended from the first stage, which remains fixed along the entire second stage, and through adaptive randomization, we allocate subsequent cohorts of patients in dose combinations that are likely to have high posterior median time to progression. The methodology is assessed with extensive simulations and exemplified with a real trial.
PROMOTION OF ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY IN EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS ‐ A NEW APPROACH OF THE ENERGY INDICATOR
Authors: Reyes Nieto Jocelyn E. , Rigueiro Constança , da Silva Luís Simões , Murtinho Vítor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA complete panorama of the analysis and evaluation for the energy indicator, the enhancement of the importance of this indicator when a sustainable assessment of existing neighborhoods is being done, and the introduction of a logical calculation process based on an index are the main contributions of this paper. Additionally, it is presented the implementation of this new approach into two case studies from the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results of the energy assessments to the neighborhoods of Baixa and Alta yielded important data on the areas where these neighborhoods need to be improved.
WEB BUCKLING OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL PLATE GIRDERS INDUCED BY BENDING CURVATURE
Authors: Nascimento Sérgio , Oliveira Pedro José , Biscaya André 
Published: March 2020

ResumeSimplified formula of the web slenderness limit given in EN 1993‐1‐5 to prevent the flange‐induced buckling does not usually govern the web design other than very slender Class 4 plate girder webs in steel S235 to S355. However, the same formula applied to plate girders designed in HSS S690 gives lower slenderness limits likely to govern web's design and restrains the possibilities of reducing their thickness. This paper reviews the background of the simplified formula currently used and compares the web slenderness limits obtained with numerical results from full nonlinear analysis of slender high strength steel girders.
NEW STEEL‐TIMBER COMPOSITE BEAM, NORDIC SYSTEM
Authors: Heinisuo Markku , Mela Kristo , Pajunen Sami , Malaska Mikko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe design of new steel‐timber composite beam, called Nordic system, is proposed. The beam consists of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) slabs that are installed on the bottom flanges of an asymmetric welded steel box. The composite action is achieved through connection the slabs to the steel beam by steel plates which are screwed to the timber and bolted to the top flange of the beam. The composite action reduces the stresses of the steel beam compared to the pure steel beam without composite action. This means that there exists a large potential to search lightweight, dry slim floor, low emission and cost optimal solutions using this composite beam due to large variations for available steel grades of the welded beam, as has been shown previously for pure welded steel beams.