bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Precision Treatment Rule for Remission of Suicide Ideation
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Chalker Samantha A. , Luedtke Alex R. , Sadikova Ekaterina , Jobes David A. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThere is growing interest in the development of composite precision treatment rules (PTRs) to guide the selection of the treatments most likely to be helpful for individual patients. We present here the results of an effort to develop a preliminary PTR for Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) relative to enhanced‐care as usual based on secondary analysis of the Operation Worth Living (OWL) randomized controlled trial. The outcome of interest is eliminating suicide ideation (SI) within 3 months of initiating treatment.MethodA state‐of‐the‐art ensemble machine learning method was used to develop the PTR among the n = 148 U.S. Soldiers (predominately male and White, age range 18–48) OWL patients.ResultsWe estimated that CAMS was the better treatment for 77.8% of patients and that treatment assignment according to the PTR would result in a 13.6% (95% CI: 0.9%–26.3%) increase in 3‐month SI remission compared to random treatment assignment.ConclusionsAlthough promising, results are limited by the small sample size, restrictive baseline assessment, and inability to evaluate effects on suicidal behaviors or disaggregate based on history of suicidal behaviors. Replication is needed in larger samples with comprehensive baseline assessments, longer‐term follow‐ups, and more extensive outcomes.
In vitro and in vivo effects of toceranib phosphate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines and xenograft orthotopic models
Authors: Sánchez‐Céspedes Raquel , Accornero Paolo , Miretti Silvia , Martignani Eugenio , Gattino Francesca , Maniscalco Lorella , Gola Cecilia , Iussich Selina , Martano Marina , Morello Emanuela , Buracco Paolo , Aresu Luca , Maria Raffaella De 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCanine osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs, and it has a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TOC; Palladia, Zoetis) is a veterinary tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR‐2, PDGFRs and c‐Kit, but its efficacy is not yet fully understood in the treatment of canine OSA. Here, we evaluated the functional effects of TOC on six OSA cell lines by transwell, wound healing and colony formation assays. Subsequently, two cell lines (Wall and Penny) were selected and were inoculated in mice by intrafemoral injection to develop an orthotopic xenograft model of canine OSA. For each cell line, 30 mice were xenografted; half of them were used as controls, and the other half were treated with TOC at 40 mg/kg body weight for 20 days. TOC inhibited cell growth of all cell lines, but reduced invasion and migration was only observed in Penny and Wall cell lines. In mice engrafted with Penny cells and subjected to TOC treatment, decreased tumour growth was observed, and PDGFRs and c‐Kit mRNA were downregulated. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction of Ki67 staining in treated mice when compared to controls. The results obtained here demonstrate that TOC is able to slightly inhibit cell growth in vitro, while its effect is evident only in a Penny cell xenograft model, in which TOC significantly reduced tumour size and the Ki67 index without modifying apoptosis markers.
Paramedian incisional complications after prophylactic laparoscopy‐assisted gastropexy in 411 dogs
Authors: Baron Jessica K. , Casale Sue A. , Monnet Eric , Mayhew Philipp D. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Follette Christelle M. , Phipps Kevin , Powell Margaret E. , Reczynska Alicja I. , Squire Nathan T. , Barton Bruce A. , Berg John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and types of paramedian incisional complications after prophylactic laparoscopy‐assisted gastropexy (LAG) in dogs and to evaluate potential risk factors for complications.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (N = 411).MethodsRecords for dogs that underwent single‐incision–port laparoscopy‐assisted gastropexy (SIPLAG) or multiple‐port laparoscopy‐assisted gastropexy (MPLAG) at five veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Information regarding signalment, surgical procedures, perioperative care, and incisional complications was collected. Follow‐up information was obtained by review of medical records and/or communication with owners. Potential risk factors for complications were examined statistically.ResultsParamedian incisional complications were observed in 78 of 411 (19%) dogs. The most common complication was seroma formation, which occurred in 51 (12.4%) dogs. Surgical site infections were observed in 16 (3.9%) dogs, and dehiscence or development of excessive scar tissue at the incision site were each observed in nine (2.2%) dogs. Complications resolved with conservative treatment in 75 of 78 (96.2%) dogs and with surgical treatment in three of 78 (3.8%) dogs. The odds of complications were approximately twice as high in dogs undergoing SIPLAG than in dogs undergoing MPLAG (odds ratio, 2.03;P =.006).ConclusionMinor paramedian incisional complications, particularly seroma formation, were frequently observed after LAG. Most complications were successfully managed conservatively. Single‐incision–port laparoscopy‐assisted gastropexy was associated with a higher complication rate compared with MPLAG.Clinical significanceOwners should be informed that there is a relatively high rate of minor paramedian incisional complications after LAG. The risk of complications appears to be higher for SIPLAG than for MPLAG.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCING STEEL IN RC SLAB CONTAINING CHLORIDES WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AS FLY ASH
Authors: Gupta Sristi Das , Sugiyama Takafumi , Islam Md Shafiqul 
Published: December 2019

Steel reinforcement in concrete containing fly ash has been practically employed to RC structures in snowy cold region and coastal areas so that the durability of the structures against corrosion can be enhanced. In this research to make the compatibility with RC slab bridge sodium chloride solution of 10[WU1] % in concentration was applied on RC slab and corrosion development was monitored by electrochemical method. Applying fly ash in RC slab at two replacement levels of 15[WU2] % (F15) and 30% (F30) of cement the specimens were observed. The observation result verified that fly ash concrete showed longer period of corrosion initiation (ASTM C876) than normal reinforced concrete. The initiation period of corrosion was 4.5 and 6 times longer for F15 and F30 concrete than normal concrete, as well as 91 days strength of F30 concrete was about 14% higher that of norma concrete. Test result showed that fly ash has better influence on steel corrosion reduction than concrete cover increment. It was observed that fly ash concrete (F15 and F30) with 3 cm concrete cover has better corrosion resistivity than using 4 cm cover of non-fly ash concrete. Furthermore, using the same concrete cover (3 cm) it was found that the actual corrosion rate was decreased about 68 to 82% by adding fly ash 15 to 30% respectively compared to normal reinforced concrete. In addition, a significant attenuation in corrosion area in rebar between fly ash concrete and normal concrete was found. Based on actual corrosion area on rebar surface, actual corrosion current density was larger than corrosion current density found from non-destructive way. Moreover, further analysis was conducted for characterization of different corrosion products using Raman spectroscopy with 532 nm wave length. It revealed that the corrosion product (Oxides and Oxyhydroxides compound) were less in F15 and F30 concrete compared to normal concrete. Considering these results, the possibility of reduction of chloride induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structure using fly ash has confirmed.
First Language Acquisition, Developmental Errors in Vocabulary: A Case Study of a Four -Year- Old Iranian Child
Authors: Sadeghi Nastaran , Hashamdar Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

This case study aims to discover the process of first language acquisition of a 4–year-old Iranian child. The focus of the research is on developmental errors the child has created in his language development, i.e. the words which are not correct. To do so, the researcher, during four months, observed and recorded the subject's produced strange words. The recording was done by two ways, Interval recording strategy and event sampling.Developmental errors or strange words are part of the learning process. These words are created due to different reasons. The research shows that during four months and in thirty three records, eleven strange words and expressions were produced. These eleven errors were investigated in this study in details. A table was presented by the researcher in which these errors were thoroughly described.
An Eddy-Viscosity Model Sensitized to Curvature and Wall-Roughness Effects for Reynolds-Averaged Closure
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Gang , Xu Jiakuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new extension of the realizable K−ε model that accounts for streamline curvature, system rotation, and surface roughness. The model is a type of realizable K−ε model, but the transport equations and the eddy-viscosity damping functions are modified, based on the Richardson number and roughness height; the roughness correction covers both the transitional and fully rough regimes. Flows in a rotating channel and a U-bend duct are used to validate the response of the new model to the system rotation and streamline curvature. The flow in a plane channel and the flow over a dune are used to validate the roughness extension. Finally, a rotating channel with rough walls is studied, to test the new model when both rotation and roughness are present.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rotational Natural Cavitation in Rotational Supercavitating Evaporator for Desalination
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Ying , Wang Lu , Cai Wei-Hua , Zheng Xin , Li Qian , Kunugi Tomoaki , Li Hui , Li Feng-Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel desalination device named rotational supercavitating evaporator (RSCE) has been proposed and designed by utilizing supercavitation effect. With special focus on the spatiotemporal evolution of rotational natural cavitation, the hydrodynamic characteristics of cavitating flows in RSCE under different rotational speeds are studied by the visualization experiments and three-dimensional steady numerical simulations. The results of the visualization experiments show that with increasing rotational speed, the cavity morphology develops from several transient isolated bubbles moving with the blades, to blurred partial cavity, and finally to transparent supercavity with nearly constant size. Numerical simulation can predict the development of the cavity morphology in the experiment qualitatively and quantitatively. Vapor phase structures are shed at the tail of the cavity due to the reentrant jet, which are in the forms of single smaller bubbles and U-shaped vapor phase structures under lower rotational speeds and of cavitation clouds and cavitating filaments containing strings of bubbles under higher rotational speeds. Vortex structure is captured based on Q-criterion and encloses the cavity in the radial direction, wherein the periphery of the cavity is enclosed by a single tip vortex tube which can explain the generation of drifting stripe-shaped cavity under higher rotational speeds due to tip vortex, and the cavity tail is enclosed by two vortex tubes split from the single tip vortex tube. A power-law empirical formula for the dimensionless supercavity length versus the cavitation number considering the effect of rotation is obtained by fitting the experimental data on fully developed supercavitation.
Turbulent Properties of Triple Elliptic Free Jets With Various Nozzle Orientation
Authors: Morris Ella Marie , Aleyasin Seyed Sobhan , Biswas Neelakash , Tachie Mark Francis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental investigation of nozzle orientation effects on turbulent characteristics of elliptic triple free jets was carried out for three nozzle configurations. The first configuration had each nozzle oriented along the minor plane (3_Minor), the next had two nozzles oriented along the minor plane and one along the major plane (Min_Maj_Min) and the last configuration had one nozzle oriented along the minor plane and two along the major plane (Maj_Min_Maj). The experiments were conducted using modified contoured nozzles with a sharp linear contraction for a nozzle spacing ratio of 4.1d, a nozzle equivalent diameter of 9 mm, and Reynolds number of 10,000. Nozzle orientation effects on the mean velocity, turbulent intensity, and Reynolds shear stress were discussed. The velocity decay, jet spread, merging point (MP), combined point (CP), and potential core length were used to characterize the effects of nozzle orientation on the mixing performance. The 3_Minor configuration had shorter potential core length and closer MP location which are indicative of a faster mixing in the converging region. The early merging of 3_Minor led to higher levels of streamwise turbulent intensity. One-dimensional plots revealed that jets approached self-similarity at a faster rate in the major axis. The orientation of the middle jet was found to be a key factor in determining transverse diffusion of the Reynolds shear stress in the plane of observation. Two-point correlations were used to provide insight into the effects of nozzle orientation on the spatial coherence of the large-scale turbulence structure and integral length scale.
Thermal Step Response of N-Layer Composite Walls—Accurate Approximative Formulas
Authors: Hagentoft Carl-Eric , Pallin Simon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For many industrial applications, heat flow through composites relates directly to energy usage and thus is of highest interest. For multilayer composites, the heat flow is a result of multiple variables, such as the temperature gradient over the surface boundaries and each material's thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thickness. In addition, the transient heat flux also depends on how the materials are aligned together. The heat flow through composites can be estimated using advanced computer simulations for applied heat transfer. Although these tools are powerful, they are also time consuming. Therefore, approximations that allow the estimation of heat flow through composites can be very useful. This paper presents approximations to solve transient heat transfer in multilayer composites, with and without an interior surface resistance. Since the energy use for various applications relates to the heat transferred at the surface boundary, the main focus of this paper is to define approximate solutions for interior heat flow. In other words, these approximations are found by applying a unit step change in temperature on one side of a composite and then in real-time emulating the surface heat flux on the opposite side from which the step change occurs. The approximations are presented based on lumped analyses and Laplace network solutions and are validated against analytical and numerical solutions.
Capillary Instability of Viscoelastic Liquid Film With Heat and Mass Transfer
Authors: Awasthi Mukesh Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of transfer of heat and mass on the capillary instability between a viscoelastic liquid and a viscous gas. The viscoelastic liquid obeys the Oldroyd B-model. These two fluid layers considered in coaxial cylinders and viscoelastic–viscous potential flow theory are used for investigation. To study the stability of the interface, the normal-mode procedure is employed and a cubic dispersion equation in terms of growth rate has been obtained. We observe that the viscoelastic liquid–viscous gas interface is more unstable than the viscous liquid–viscous gas interface. Additionally, we show that the unstable axisymmetric wave modes are stabilized by allowing heat transfer at the interface.
Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Enhancement by Acoustic Resonance Excitations in Turbulated Heat Exchangers
Authors: Gendebien Samuel , Kleiman Alex , Leizeronok Boris , Cukurel Beni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present research deals with enhancing the thermal performance of turbulated heat exchangers through the application of sound pressure waves at acoustic resonance frequencies. Extending the findings of prior wind tunnel studies, where a standing wave greatly improved the forced convection in reattaching flows, this paper exploits such a phenomenon in a practical heat exchanger setting. The current experiments are conducted in representative turbulated plate and double-pipe heat exchanger geometries, mounted in a dedicated facility. After identifying the inherent acoustic resonance frequencies of the passageways, the impact of excitation is studied in various sound pressure levels, blockage ratios, as well as Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. The acoustic resonance excitation resulted in heat transfer enhancement of 20% and 10% in the plate and double-pipe designs, respectively, absence of additional pressure penalties. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first demonstration of acoustic forced convection enhancement in turbulated heat exchanger geometries. Such a technology can pave the way toward future designs that require low-pressure losses, minimal form factor, and/or process controllability.
Application of the Common-Feeding Injection System Layout to Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Diesel Engines
Authors: Ferrari A. , Jin Z. , Mittica A. , Vento O. , Zhang T. , Ouyang L. , Tan S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The innovative Common Feeding (CF) fuel injection system has been designed for a light duty commercial vehicle diesel engine in order to reduce production costs and allow easy installation on the engine, compared to a traditional Common Rail system. In the CF apparatus, a delivery chamber with a volume around 10 cm3 is integrated in the high-pressure pump. The chamber at one side is connected to the pump, and at the other side is linked to the solenoid injectors by means of pipes (the rail is removed from the hydraulic circuit).
Experimental tests have been carried out on a hydraulic test rig at the Politecnico di Torino in order to compare the general performance of the prototypal CF system with that of a Common Rail (CR) system equipped with different rail volume sizes (realized by manufacturing rails of the same length but with different internal diameter). The injected mass flow-rates of single injections as well as of pilot-main injections have been captured by instantaneous flow-rate meters. In the case of the double injection schedules, the dependence of the injected mass pertaining to the second injection shot has been investigated during dwell time sweeps and design solutions have been provided to minimize the oscillations of such injected mass with respect to dwell time for the CF system.
Furthermore, the injector inlet pressure time histories, the static and dynamic injector leakages, the nozzle opening and closure delays and the injected volume cycle-to-cycle dispersion have been evaluated for both CR and CF systems.
In general, the injection performance of the injection systems with different hydraulic capacitances or shapes of the accumulator is similar. One significant difference is that the injection rate feature slightly different slopes during the rising phases. Furthermore, cycle-to-cycle dispersion in the injected mass increase to some extent when the accumulation volume of the high-pressure circuit is dramatically decreased. Finally, the frequencies of the free pressure waves that are originated by the water hammer, which occurs at the end of a hydraulic injection, are different when the shape of the accumulation volume change, whereas these frequencies are basically independent of the accumulation volume size.
A Comparison of Low-Load Efficiency Optimization on a Heavy-Duty Engine Operated With Gasoline-Diesel RCCI and CDC
Authors: Willems R. C. , Willems F. P. T. , Deen N. G. , Somers L. M. T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Upcoming CO2 legislation in Europe is driving heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers to develop highly efficient engines more than ever before. Further improvements to conventional diesel combustion, or adopting the reactivity controlled compression ignition concept are both plausible strategies to comply with mandated targets. This work compares these two combustion regimes by performing an optimization on both using Design of Experiments. The tests are conducted on a heavy-duty, single-cylinder engine fueled with either only diesel, or a combination of diesel and gasoline. Analysis of variance is used to reveal the most influential operating parameters with respect to indicated efficiency. Attention is also directed towards the distribution of fuel energy to quantify individual loss channels. A load-speed combination typical for highway cruising is selected given its substantial contribution to the total fuel consumption of long haul trucks. Experiments show that when the intake manifold pressure is limited to levels that are similar to contemporary turbocharger capabilities, the conventional diesel combustion regime outperforms the dual fuel mode. Yet, the latter displays superior low levels of nitrogen oxides. Suboptimal combustion phasing was identified as main cause for this lower efficiency. By leaving the intake manifold pressure unrestricted, reactivity controlled compression ignition surpasses conventional diesel combustion regarding both the emissions of nitrogen oxides and indicated efficiency.
On the Effects of Injection Strategy, EGR, and Intake Boost on TSCI With Wet Ethanol
Authors: Gainey Brian , Yan Ziming , Rahimi-Boldaji Mozhgan , Lawler Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using a split injection of wet ethanol, where a portion of the fuel is injected during the compression stroke, has been shown to be an effective way to enable thermally stratified compression ignition (TSCI), an advanced, low temperature combustion (LTC) mode that aims to control the heat release process by enhancing thermal stratification, thereby extending the load range of LTC. Wet ethanol is the ideal fuel candidate to enable TSCI because it has a high latent heat of vaporization and low equivalence ratio sensitivity. Previous work has shown “early” compression stroke injections (−150 to −100 deg aTDC) have the potential to control the start of combustion while “mid” compression stroke injections (−90 to −30 deg aTDC) have the potential to control in-cylinder thermal stratification, thereby controlling the heat release rate.
In this work, a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water by mass is used to further study the injection strategy of TSCI combustion. Additionally, the impact of external, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boost level on the effectiveness of a split injection of wet ethanol to control the heat release process are investigated. It was found that neither external, cooled EGR, nor intake boost level has any impact on the effectiveness of the compression stroke injection(s) at controlling the burn rate of TSCI. It was also seen that external, cooled EGR has the potential to increase the overall tailpipe combustion efficiency, while intake boost has the potential to decrease NOx emissions at the expense of combustion efficiency by lowering the global equivalence ratio.