bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cost and Yield of Photoscreening: Impact of Photoscreening on Overall Pediatric Ophthalmic Costs
Authors: Arnold Robert W. , Armitage M. Diane , Gionet Elisha G. , Balinger Adam , Kovtoun Tatiana A. , Machida Christy , Coon Lynn J. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Approximately 5% of preschool-age children suffer from amblyopia. Many of them have high or unequal hyperopia. Amblyogenic risk factors frequently can be detected by photo-screening.Methods:Free photoscreening was offered to Alaskan children ages 1 to 5 from urban and rural screening hubs. Screened images were mailed to the Alaska Blind Child Discovery coordinating center for physician photoscreen interpretation, specifically seeking latent or anisometropic hyperopia. Parents and screeners then were mailed results and information about amblyopia. Follow-up examination data were tallied, and a cost-consequence analysis was developed for various vision screening paradigms and eye care.Results:From 1996 through 2003, a total of 13,255 screenings were performed with a positive interpretation rate of 4.7%. Penetrance of screening was 22% in urban and 44% in rural communities. Positive predictive value was estimated to be more than 90%. Average cost to screen and inform an Alaskan preschooler was approximately $10.67, and cost to detect amblyogenic risk factors by photoscreening in an Alaskan was approximately $206. Compared to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 1995 guidelines, implementing photoscreening added 9%, while mandating complete prekindergarten examination added 49% to overall eye care.Conclusions:MTI photoscreening achieved high community penetrance and high positive predictive value for latent hyperopia and other amblyogenic factors. When follow-up costs are considered, adding photoscreening to current AAP guidelines may add $112 per child over 10 years, but probably would assist in the reduction of amblyopia. Penetrance of urban photoscreening likely will remain low unless pediatric vision screening guidelines and reimbursement are revised.J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus2005;42: 103–111.
Ocular Growth Pattern in Cryotherapy- and Laser-Treated Infants With Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Azad Raj Vardhan , Lakshminarayana Pasumala , Kumar Harsh , Talwar Dinesh , Pal Nikhil , Chandra Parijat 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To study the ocular growth pattern in cryotherapy- and laser-treated prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its effect on scleral rigidity.

Methods:
In a prospective study, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and scleral rigidity were assessed in 12 eyes with no ROP, 12 eyes with spontaneously regressed ROP, 12 eyes with cryo-therapy-treated prethreshold ROP, and 14 eyes with diode laser-treated prethreshold ROP at 36 weeks, 40 weeks, and 52 weeks postconceptional age.

Results:
Cryotherapy- and laser-treated ROP eyes at prethreshold stage exhibited shorter axial lengths and shallower anterior chamber depth compared to eyes with no ROP or spontaneously regressed ROP. Scleral rigidity was not altered in ROP eyes including those that underwent cryo-therapy or laser treatment.

Conclusions:
Growth of eyes with ROP is arrested including those treated with cryotherapy or laser at prethreshold stage. Cryotherapy or laser treatment has no weakening effect on the scleral coat.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:149–154.
Newborn Primary Congenital Glaucoma: 2005 Update
Authors: Walton David S. , Katsavounidou Garyfallia 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an unusual and important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. Affected patients typically manifest specific signs that facilitate its recognition at birth and become important in the assessment and determination of appropriate treatment for this severe expression of primary congenital glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
The medical records of 35 patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma were reviewed to determine its clinical manifestations and response to therapy. The published literature related to newborn primary congenital glaucoma was reviewed and referenced.

Results:
Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is recognized at birth because of the associated corneal opacification. Ocular examination reveals anterior segment abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and filtration angle as well as related elevated intraocular pressure. Genetic analysis of a subset of patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma confirmed its relationship with the less severe infantile form of primary congenital glaucoma, which is characterized by favorable results after goniosurgery. In contrast, goniosurgery was found to have unfavorable results and be less successful compared with trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage tube shunts as initial therapy for newborn primary congenital glaucoma.

Conclusions:
Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. It can be differentiated from the more frequent and familiar infantile type by history and careful anterior segment examinations to enable and support appropriate choices for its successful surgical treatment.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:333–341.
Randot Stereoacuity Testing in Young Children
Authors: Kulp Marjean Taylor , Mitchell G. Lynn 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The Randot test is a commonly used stereoacuity test with child-friendly targets; however, little has been published about its use for young children. We sought to determine the completion rate of the Randot test among young children with normal vision and to calculate normative values.

Subjects and Methods:
The Randot stereoacuity test was administered to 264 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 7 years. Because this was an investigation to determine the percentage of children who could complete the Randot test, children who failed a vision screening modified from the Modified Clinical Technique were excluded to minimize confounding factors (ie, a lack of measurable stereopsis due to vision problems rather than inability to understand the test). Completion rates and cumulative percentages were calculated by age.

Results:

A completion rate of 98.5% was found. Median Randot stereoacuities were 100 seconds of arc for the 3-year-old children, 70 seconds of arc for the 4-year-old children, 50 seconds of arc for the 5-year-old children, 40 seconds of arc for the 6-year-old children, and 45 seconds of arc for the 7-year-old children. Kruskal–Wallis testing revealed a significant change in stereoacuity with age (chi-square, 35.55;
df
= 4;
P
< .001), and pairwise comparisons (alpha = 0.05) revealed that the 3- and 4-year-old children were significantly different from the 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old children.

Conclusions:
Randot stereoacuity can be assessed for most preschool children and all young school-aged children. In the absence of significant refractive error, strabismus, or reduced or unequal acuity, most 4-year-old children should have a Randot stereoacuity of 70 seconds of arc or better and most young school-aged children should have a Randot stereoacuity of 50 seconds of arc.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:360–364.
A Real-time Mobile Notification System for Inventory Stock out Detection using SIFT and RANSAC
Authors: Merrad Yacine , Hadi Habaebi Mohamed , Islam Md Rafiqul , Gunawan Teddy Surya 
Published: April 2020

<p>Object detection and tracking is one of the most relevant computer technologies related to computer vision and image processing. It may mean the detection of an object within a frame and classify it (human, animal, vehicle, building, etc) by the use of some algorithms. It may also be the detection of a reference object within different frames (under different angles, different scales, etc.). The applications of the object detection and tracking are numerous; most of them are in the security field. It is also used in our daily life applications, especially in developing and enhancing business management. Inventory or stock management is one of these applications. It is considered to be an important process in warehousing and storage business because it allows for stock in and stock out products control. The stock-out situation, however, is a very serious issue that can be detrimental to the bottom line of any business. It causes an increased risk of lost sales as well as it leads to reduced customer satisfaction and lowered loyalty levels. On this note, a smart solution for stock-out detection in warehouses is proposed in this paper, to automate the process using inventory management software. The proposed method is a machine learning based real-time notification system using the exciting Scale Invariant Feature Transform feature detector (SIFT) and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithms. Consequently, the comparative study shows the overall good performance of the system achieving 100% detection accuracy with features’ rich model and 90% detection accuracy with features’ poor model, indicating the viability of the proposed solution.</p>
Statues des dieux, statues des hommes. La mention de statues dans les inscriptions de Gaule Narbonnaise
Authors: Agusta-Boularot Sandrine 
Published: April 2020

Cet article recense les mentions de statues dans les inscriptions de Gaule Narbonnaise : elles s’élèvent à 36 mentions sur 34 inscriptions, ce qui est fort peu si l’on songe à la multitude de statues qui peuplaient les espaces publics antiques. Le terme de statua est de loin le plus attesté devant signum  ; imago et simulacrum sont très rares. Aucune des statues mentionnées n’a été conservée. L’étude de cette documentation s’intéresse à la nature des supports et à leur matériau, à leur répartition géographique dans la province et à leur localisation dans l’espace urbain. Ces inscriptions fournissent également des indications sur les sujets représentés (dieux, notables, empereurs), l’origine de leur financement et les mécanismes sociaux qui ont présidé à leur réalisation et à leur mise en place.
Le cénotaphe de Clarensac : un somptueux décor autour de l’épitaphe de M. ATTIVS PATERNVS
Authors: Christol Michel , Terrer Danièle 
Published: April 2020

Cet article est consacré à un autel de marbre blanc aux dimensions imposantes et à la riche décoration (CIL XII, 3200) provenant de Clarensac, situé sur le territoire antique de Nîmes. Cet autel ne signalait pas une sépulture, mais un cénotaphe dressé en l’honneur d’un personnage de haut rang, M. Attius Paternus, originaire de la cité de Riez.
Translating JAKs to Jakinibs
Authors: Gadina Massimo , Chisolm Danielle A. , Philips Rachael L. , McInness Iain B. , Changelian Paul S. , O’Shea John J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The discovery of JAKs and STATs and their roles in cytokine and IFN action represented a significant basic advance and a new paradigm in cell signaling. This was quickly followed by discoveries pointing to their essential functions, including identification of JAK3 mutations as a cause of SCID. This and other findings predicted the use of therapeutically targeting JAKs as a new strategy for treating immune and inflammatory diseases. This now is a reality with seven approved jakinibs being used to treat multiple forms of arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and myeloproliferative neoplasms, and numerous ongoing clinical trials in other settings. This story provides interesting insights into the process of translating basic discoveries and also reveals the need to return to basic work to fill gaps that now become apparent.
Dehydration and low ozone in the tropopause layer over the Asian monsoon caused by tropical cyclones: Lagrangian transport calculations using ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis data
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Bian Jianchun , Günther Gebhard , Ploeger Felix , Li Qian , Zhang Jinqiang , Bai Zhixuan , Vömel Holger , Riese Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Low ozone and high water vapour mixing ratios are common features in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone; however, low ozone and low water vapour values were observed near the tropopause over Kunming, China, within the ASM using balloon-borne measurements performed during the SWOP (sounding water vapour, ozone, and particle) campaign in August 2009 and 2015.
Here, we investigate low ozone and water vapour signatures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) using FengYun-2D, FengYun-2G, and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite measurements and backward trajectory calculations.
Trajectories with kinematic and diabatic vertical velocities were calculated using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) trajectory module driven by both ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis data. All trajectory calculations show that air parcels with low ozone and low water vapour values in the UTLS over Kunming measured by balloon-borne instruments originate from the western Pacific boundary layer.
Deep convection associated with tropical cyclones over the western Pacific transports ozone-poor air from the marine boundary layer to the cold tropopause region.
Subsequently, these air parcels are mixed into the strong easterlies on the southern side of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.
Air parcels are dehydrated when passing the lowest temperature region (< 190 K) at the convective outflow of tropical cyclones.
However, trajectory calculations show different vertical transport via deep convection depending on the employed reanalysis data (ERA-Interim, ERA5) and vertical velocities (diabatic, kinematic).
Both the kinematic and the diabatic trajectory calculations using ERA5 data show much faster and stronger vertical transport than ERA-Interim primarily because of ERA5's better spatial and temporal resolution, which likely resolves convective events more accurately.
Our findings show that the interplay between the ASM anticyclone and tropical cyclones has a significant impact on the chemical composition of the UTLS during summer.
Perfil microbiológico das meningites em um hospital público universitário
Authors: Horner Rosmari , Cattelan Márcia Pavanello , Bertoncheli Cláudia De Mello , Righi Roselene Alves , Oliveira Loiva Therezinha Ottonelli de , Meneghetti Bettina Holzschuh , Dal Forno Nara Lucia Frasson , Salla Adenilde 
Published: April 2020

As meningites infecciosas constituem um importante problema de saúde pública sendo responsáveis por elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência dos principais patógenos responsáveis por meningites isolados em pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM - Santa Maria - RS). Foram analisadas 437 amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de pacientes internados com suspeita de meningite, no período de 01/10/2003 a 31/01/2005. Este estudo retrospectivo foi efetuado utilizando os resultados constantes nas fichas de trabalho das amostras de LCR analisadas empregando-se técnica de rotina no Laboratório de Bacteriologia do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Em 64 (14,64%) das amostras foi identificado o agente etiológico. Os organismos mais comumente identificados foram Staphylococcus epidermidis (n= 13; 19,7%), Cryptococcus neoformans (n= 10; 15,50%) e Staphylococcus aureus (n= 6; 9,09%). Todos os casos que apresentaram etiologia por Cryptococcus neoformans estavam associados à infecção por HIV. É aconselhável que seja efetuado o monitoramento contínuo do perfil etiológico das meningites: cada instituição deve se basear em seus dados para direcionar a terapia antimicrobiana empírica e a identificação da infecção versus contaminação.
Installing Automobility
Authors: Gopakumar Govind 
Published: April 2020

An examination of the process of prioritizing private motorized transportation in Bengaluru, a rapidly growing megacity of the Global South.
Automobiles and their associated infrastructures, deeply embedded in Western cities, have become a rapidly growing presence in the mega-cities of the Global South. Streets, once crowded with pedestrians, pushcarts, vendors, and bicyclists, are now choked with motor vehicles, many of them private automobiles. In this book, Govind Gopakumar examines this shift, analyzing the phenomenon of automobility in Bengaluru (formerly known as Bangalore), a rapidly growing city of about ten million people in southern India. He finds that the advent of automobility in Bengaluru has privileged the mobility needs of the elite while marginalizing those of the rest of the population.
Gopakumar connects Bengaluru's burgeoning automobility to the city's history and to the spatial, technological, and social interventions of a variety of urban actors. Automobility becomes a juggernaut, threatening to reorder the city to enhance automotive travel. He discusses the evolution of congestion and urban change in Bengaluru; the “regimes of congestion” that emerge to address the issue; an “infrastructurescape” that shapes the mobile behavior of all residents but is largely governed by the privileged; and the enfranchisement of an “automotive citizenship” (and the disenfranchisement of non-automobile-using publics). Gopakumar also finds that automobility in Bengaluru faces ongoing challenges from such diverse sources as waste flows, popular religiosity, and political leadership. These challenges, however, introduce messiness without upsetting automobility. He therefore calls for efforts to displace automobility that are grounded in reordering the mobility regime, relandscaping the city and its infrastructures, and reclaiming streets for other uses.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
In vitro and in vivo Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from the Root of Curcuma longa Linn
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrashid , Usman Muhammad Ibrahim , Wudil Alhassan Muhammad , Alhassan Adamu Jibrin , Abubakar Salisu Maiwada , Lat Ngwen Anthony 
Published: April 2020

Many plants possess antioxidants that exhibit additive or synergistic activities. The antioxidant activities of the root of Curcuma longa Linn extracts extracted different solvents were investigated by using several established in vitro systems: α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen Peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA), nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NOSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result showed that methanol extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity in vitro which was statistically significant compared to the other extracts. Based on the in vitro results, the methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography. Six pooled fractions (FI-FVI) were evaluated for in vivo antioxidant activity in liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats using a total of forty-five (45) rats which were grouped into nine (9) groups of five (5) rats. The in vivo antioxidants showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx) levels in both liver and kidney of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. These changes were significantly reversed after treatment with methanol fraction II and the standard drug. Thus, Curcuma longa Linn may be useful in the management of diabetes and oxidative stress.
RIGIDIFIED TORSOR COCYCLES, HYPERCOVERINGS AND BUNDLE GERBES
Authors: SCHRÖER STEFAN 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe give a geometric interpretation of sheaf cohomology for higher degrees $n\geq 1$ in terms of torsors on the member of degree $d=n-1$ in hypercoverings of type $r=n-2$, endowed with an additional datum, the so-called rigidification. This generalizes the fact that cohomology in degree one is the group of isomorphism classes of torsors, where the rigidification becomes vacuous, and that cohomology in degree two can be expressed in terms of bundle gerbes, where the rigidification becomes an associativity constraint.
On the likelihood of Gravitational Wave emission during the Tidal Disruption of stars by Super Massive Black Holes
Authors: Toscani Martina , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are a common feature between Active and Quiescent Galactic Nuclei; the study of these events is a very useful tool to probe phenomena that relate to the formation of an accretion disc or a jet. Also, the accretion rate at the beginning of the tidal flare is expected to be significantly super-Eddington and might result in high energy emission (in soft X-rays but sometimes up to the gamma regime, as in the the case of Swift J1644, see Komossa 2015). These events may even play an important role in the newborn field of the Multimessenger Astronomy. This work is set within this context. Indeed, it is a study of generation of Gravitational Waves (GWs) from the hot accreting torus resulting after a TDE. Since the torus has only formed recently, magnetic fields are not expected to be strong enough, so that the torus is likely to be unstable to the Papaloizou-Pringle Instability (PPI), producing a strongly varying mass quadrupole. Here, the study of the evolution of such tori is developed, using both analytical calculation and a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulation (SPH). In particular the goal of this work is to determine the GW waveform and to compute the characteristic strain of these GWs in order to see if they are detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
Radio-loud AGNs with peculiar shape of hard X-ray spectrum: figuring out the reasons
Authors: Fedorova E. , Hnatyk B. I. , Zhdanov V. I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe analyze the hard X-ray properties of five radio-loud active galactic nuclei with peculiar spectral shape. High-energy exponential cut-offs (HEC) in their hard X-ray 3-500 keV spectra are too high for radio loud AGNs (above 100 keV) or even absent.The probable reason of such visible spectral “peculiarity” can be due to the “jet contamination”, i.e we see some mixture of the jet and nuclear emission, but not pure emission of the innermost nucleus. Here we try to estimate the jet and nuclear components of the spectra for a sample of “peculiar” RL AGNs to find out whether these are real or fake features.
Neutrino and γ-ray Emission from the Core of NGC1275 by Magnetic Reconnection: GRMHD Simulations and Radiative Transfer/Particle Calculations
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez J. C. , de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M. , Alves Batista R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVery high energy (VHE) emission has been detected from the radio galaxy NGC1275, establishing it as a potential cosmic-ray (CR) accelerator and a high energy neutrino source. We here study neutrino and γ-ray emission from the core of NGC1275 simulating the interactions of CRs assumed to be accelerated by magnetic reconnection, with the accreting plasma environment. To do this, we combine (i) numerical general relativistic (GR) magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD), (ii) Monte Carlo GR leptonic radiative transfer and, (iii) Monte Carlo interaction of CRs. A leptonic emission model that reproduces the SED in the [103-1010.5] eV energy range is used as the background target for photo-pion interactions+electromagnetic cascading. CRs injected with the power-law index Îº=1.3 produce an emission profile that matches the VHE tail of NGC1275. The associated neutrino flux, below the IceCube limits, peaks at ∼PeV energies. However, coming from a single source, this neutrino flux may be an over-estimation.