bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bliss' and Loewe's additive and synergistic effects in Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibition by AMA1-RON2L, RH5, RIPR and CyRPA antibody combinations
Authors: Azasi Yvonne , Gallagher Shannon K. , Diouf Ababacar , Dabbs Rebecca A. , Jin Jing , Mian Syed Yusuf , Narum David L. , Long Carole A. , Gaur Deepak , Draper Simon J. , Fay Michael P. , Miller Louis H. , Miura Kazutoyo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasmodium invasion of red blood cells involves malaria proteins, such as reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5), RH5 interacting protein (RIPR), cysteine-rich protective antigen (CyRPA), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2), all of which are blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates. So far, vaccines containing AMA1 alone have been unsuccessful in clinical trials. However, immunization with AMA1 bound with RON2L (AMA1-RON2L) induces better protection against P. falciparum malaria in Aotus monkeys. We therefore sought to determine whether combinations of RH5, RIPR, CyRPA and AMA1-RON2L antibodies improve their biological activities and sought to develop a robust method for determination of synergy or additivity in antibody combinations. Rabbit antibodies against AMA1-RON2L, RH5, RIPR or CyRPA were tested either alone or in combinations in P. falciparum growth inhibition assay to determine Bliss' and Loewe's additivities. The AMA1-RON2L/RH5 combination consistently demonstrated an additive effect while the CyRPA/RIPR combination showed a modest synergistic effect with Hewlett’s $$S=1.07 \left[95\% \mathrm{C}\mathrm{I}: 1.03, 1.19\right].$$

S
=
1.07

95
%
C
I
:
1.03
,
1.19

.

Additionally, we provide a publicly-available, online tool to aid researchers in analyzing and planning their own synergy experiments. This study supports future blood-stage vaccine development by providing a solid methodology to evaluate additive and/or synergistic (or antagonistic) effect of vaccine-induced antibodies.
Effect of undissolved Nb carbides on mechanical properties of hydrogen-precharged tempered martensitic steel
Authors: Seo Hyun Joo , Jo Jang Woong , Kim Jae Nam , Kwon Kitae , Lee Junmo , Choi Sangwoo , Lee Taekyung , Lee Chong Soo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNb carbides have attracted significant attention to enhance the resistance of tempered martensitic (TM) steel to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). However, previous studies have elucidated the role of Nb carbides in HE resistance without categorizing their types (i.e., undissolved and newly precipitated). This study focuses on the effect of “undissolved” Nb carbides on the tensile and fatigue properties of hydrogen-precharged TM steels. It validated the following two factors for the HE resistance of the TM steels containing undissolved Nb carbides: hydrogen-trapping by the carbides and refinement of prior austenite grain. The former factor rarely affected the HE resistance owing to the interfacial incoherency between the undissolved carbides and ferritic matrix. Such results are distinguished from previous studies focusing on the newly precipitated carbides. In contrast, the latter factor contributed significantly to the HE resistance via the decrease in hydrogen contents per unit surface of prior austenite grain boundaries.
Effect of the submandibular push exercise using visual feedback from pressure sensor: an electromyography study
Authors: Park Sungwon , Cho Joo Young , Lee Byung Joo , Hwang Jong-Moon , Lee Myunghwan , Hwang Soo Yeon , Kim KwanMyung , Lee Ki Hoon , Park Donghwi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed a new exercise method called the submandibular push exercise that can strengthen the suprahyoid muscle by inducing only the motion of the hyoid bone without neck flexion. In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the muscle activity of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles in the course of performing three different swallowing exercises. Twenty healthy participants and fifteen patients with dysphagia were recruited. Each participant consecutively performed three exercises: Shaker, CTAR, and submandibular push exercises. To investigate muscle activation, surface electromyography was performed on the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, and SCM muscles, during the exercises. Root mean square (RMS) was measured. In healthy participants, the submandibular push exercise showed a significantly higher RMS value in the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles than the Shaker and CTAR exercises using repeated ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). In patients with dysphagia, the submandibular push and Shaker exercises showed significantly higher RMS value in the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles than the CTAR exercise. However, no significant difference was found between the submandibular push and Shaker exercises. In both healthy and patients with dysphagia, the mean RMS values of the SCM muscles during the submandibular push exercise were significantly lower than those during the Shaker exercise using repeated ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). In conclusion, considering the relatively superior selectiveness in suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle contraction, the submandibular push exercise using visual feedback from pressure sensor could be an efficient supplementary exercise to the conventional swallowing muscle exercises. However, further studies may be necessary to confirm the improvement in swallowing difficulty.
Chemokine receptor CXCR7 non-cell-autonomously controls pontine neuronal migration and nucleus formation
Authors: Zhu Yan , Hirata Tatsumi , Mackay Fabienne , Murakami Fujio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong distance tangential migration transports neurons from their birth places to distant destinations to be incorporated into neuronal circuits. How neuronal migration is guided during these long journeys is still not fully understood. We address this issue by studying the migration of pontine nucleus (PN) neurons in the mouse hindbrain. PN neurons migrate from the lower rhombic lip first anteriorly and then turn ventrally near the trigeminal ganglion root towards the anterior ventral hindbrain. Previously we showed that in mouse depleted of chemokine receptor CXCR4 or its ligand CXCL12, PN neurons make their anterior-to-ventral turn at posteriorized positions. However, the mechanism that spatiotemporally controls the anterior-to-ventral turning is still unclear. Furthermore, the role of CXCR7, the atypical receptor of CXCL12, in pontine migration has yet to be examined. Here, we find that the PN is elongated in Cxcr7 knockout due to a broadened anterior-to-ventral turning positions. Cxcr7 is not expressed in migrating PN neurons en route to their destinations, but is strongly expressed in the pial meninges. Neuroepithelium-specific knockout of Cxcr7 does not recapitulate the PN phenotype in Cxcr7 knockout, suggesting that CXCR7 acts non-cell-autonomously possibly from the pial meninges. We show further that CXCR7 regulates pontine migration by modulating CXCL12 protein levels.
Morphological Supports: Investigating Differences in How Morphological Knowledge Supports Reading Comprehension for Middle School Students With Limited Reading Vocabulary
Authors: Goodwin Amanda P. , Petscher Yaacov , Tock Jamie 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The current study takes a practical and theoretically grounded look at assessment of morphological knowledge and its potential to deepen understanding of how morphological knowledge supports reading comprehension for students with limited reading vocabulary. Specifically, we explore how different morphological skills support reading comprehension for students with typical reading vocabulary development compared to students with limited reading vocabulary.

Method
A sample of 1,140 fifth through eighth graders were assessed via a gamified, computer-adaptive measure of language that contained a morphological knowledge assessment. Links to standardized reading comprehension were explored with a focus on determining differences for the 184 students in the sample who showed limited reading vocabulary knowledge. Specifically, multiple regression analyses were used to test for the relation between morphology skills and standardized reading comprehension, as well as the moderator effect of reading vocabulary on the relation between morphological knowledge and standardized reading comprehension.

Results
Findings indicate that the four instructionally malleable morphological skills identified by the assessment differentially supported reading comprehension. These skills were (a) Morphological Awareness, (b) Syntactic Morphological Knowledge, (c) Semantic Morphological Knowledge, and (d) Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge. Significant interactions for students with limited reading vocabulary were shown in how the skills of Syntactic Morphological Knowledge, Semantic Morphological Knowledge, and Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge supported standardized Reading Comprehension.

Conclusions
Given the challenges students with limited reading vocabulary have with semantic information, Syntactic Morphological Knowledge and Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge were particularly supportive, suggesting the compensatory role of these morphological skills. In contrast, Semantic Morphological Knowledge had a negative relationship with Reading Comprehension for students with limited reading vocabulary. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Integrating Morphological Awareness in a Multilinguistic Structured Literacy Approach to Improve Literacy in Adolescents With Reading and/or Language Disorders
Authors: Collins Ginger , Wolter Julie A. , Meaux Ashley Bourque , Alonzo Crystle N. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeReading and writing are language-based skills, and effective literacy instruction/intervention practices should include an explicit linguistic focus. A multilinguistic structured literacy approach that integrates morphological awareness is proven beneficial to improve reading and writing for students with language literacy deficits. The key components of this approach are explored.MethodAn intensive 2-week clinical summer camp, Camp CHRONICLE, which utilizes a multilinguistic structured literacy intervention model that integrates morphological awareness for adolescents with literacy deficits, is reviewed, and three case examples are included.ConclusionMultilinguistic structured literacy intervention with a morphological awareness focus is an ideal approach to improve literacy skills of children and adolescents with language literacy deficits.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12291029
Forum: Morphological Awareness as a Key Factor in Language-Literacy Success for Academic Achievement
Authors: Meaux Ashley Bourque , Wolter Julie A. , Collins Ginger G. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This article introduces the
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
Forum: Morphological Awareness as a Key Factor in Language-Literacy Success for Academic Achievement. The goal of this forum is to relate the influence morphological awareness (MA) has on overall language and literacy development with morphology acting as the “binding agent” between orthography, phonology, and semantics (
Perfetti, 2007
) in assessment and intervention for school-aged children.

Method
This introduction provides a foundation for MA development and explores the influence MA has over the course of school-aged language and literacy development. Through summaries of the 11 articles in this forum, school-based speech-language pathologists will be able to convey the importance of MA to promote successful educational outcomes for kindergarten to adolescent students. The forum explores researcher-developed assessments used to help identify MA skill level in first- through eighth-grade students at risk for literacy failure to support instructional needs. The forum also provides school-based speech-language pathologists with details to design and implement MA interventions to support academic success for school-aged students with varying speech-language needs (e.g., dual language emersion, vocabulary development, reading comprehension) using various service delivery models (e.g., small group, classroom-based, intensive summer camps).

Conclusion
MA is effective in facilitating language and literacy development and as such can be an ideally focused on using multilinguistic approaches for assessment and intervention. The articles in this issue highlight the importance in assessment measures and intervention approaches that focus on students' MA to improve overall academic success in children of all ages and abilities.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Diabetes Group Prenatal Care
Authors: Carter Ebony B. , Barbier Kate , Hill Pamela K. , Cahill Alison G. , Colditz Graham A. , Macones George A. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Mazzoni Sara E. 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Diabetes Group Prenatal Care to increase patient engagement in diabetes self-care activities.Study Design A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted at two sites. Inclusion criteria were English or Spanish speaking, type 2 or gestational diabetes, 22 to 34 weeks of gestational age at first study visit, ability to attend group care at specified times, and willingness to be randomized. Exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes, multiple gestation, major fetal anomaly, serious medical comorbidity, and serious psychiatric illness. Women were randomized to Diabetes Group Prenatal Care or individual prenatal care. The primary outcome was completion of diabetes self-care activities, including diet, exercise, blood sugar testing, and medication adherence. Secondary outcomes included antenatal care characteristics, and maternal, neonatal, and diabetes management outcomes. Analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle.Results Of 159 eligible women, 84 (53%) consented to participate in the study and were randomized to group (n = 42) or individual (n = 42) prenatal care. Demographic characteristics were similar between study arms. Completion of diabetes self-care activities was similar overall, but women in group care ate the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables on more days per week (5.1 days/week ± 2.0 standard deviation [SD] in group care vs. 3.4 days ± 2.6 SD in individual care; p < 0.01) and gained less weight per week during the study period (0.2 lbs/week [interquartile range: 0–0.7] vs. 0.5 lbs/week [interquartile range: 0.2–0.9]; p = 0.03) than women in individual care. Women with gestational diabetes randomized to group care were 3.5 times more likely to have postpartum glucose tolerance testing than those in individual care (70 vs. 21%; relative risk: 3.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–8.8). Other maternal, neonatal, and pregnancy outcomes were similar between study arms.Conclusion Diabetes group care is feasible and shows promise for decreasing gestational weight gain, improving diet, and increasing postpartum diabetes testing among women with pregnancies complicated by diabetes.Key Points
Dimensional analysis and the correspondence between classical and quantum uncertainty
Authors: Gattus V , Karamitsos S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is often cited as an example of a ‘purely quantum’ relation with no analogue in the classical limit where ℏ → 0. However, this formulation of the classical limit is problematic for many reasons, one of which is dimensional analysis. Since ℏ is a dimensionful constant, we may always work in natural units in which ℏ = 1. Dimensional analysis teaches us that all physical laws can be expressed purely in terms of dimensionless quantities. This indicates that the existence of a dimensionally consistent constraint on ΔxΔp requires the existence of a dimensionful parameter with units of action, and that any definition of the classical limit must be formulated in terms of dimensionless quantities (such as quantum numbers). Therefore, bounds on classical uncertainty (formulated in terms of statistical ensembles) can only be written in terms of dimensionful scales of the system under consideration, and can be readily compared to their quantum counterparts after being non-dimensionalized. We compare the uncertainty of certain coupled classical systems and their quantum counterparts (such as harmonic oscillators and particles in a box), and show that they converge in the classical limit. We find that since these systems feature additional dimensionful scales, the uncertainty bounds are dependent on multiple dimensionless parameters, in accordance with dimensional considerations.
Development of NVW-SAEs with nonlinear correlation metrics for quality-relevant feature learning in process data modeling
Authors: Yuan Xiaofeng , Ou Chen , Wang Yalin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Soft sensors have become reliable tools for predicting difficult-to-measure quality variables in modern industrial process modeling. Feature representation is a key step to construct accurate soft sensor models. In the past decade, deep learning has shown great capacity of feature extractor for soft sensor modeling. However, most existing deep networks cannot capture quality-related features for output prediction. To deal with this problem, a variable-wise weighted stacked autoencoder (VW-SAE) was previously proposed to learn deep quality-related features, in which a variable weighted objective function is designed to learn quality-related features layer by layer. However, only linear correlation is considered for variable weighting, which is insufficient to extract quality-related features fully. In this paper, nonlinear VW-SAEs (NVW-SAEs) are constructed to enhance the learning capability for deep quality-related features, in which three correlation metrics are utilized to measure the nonlinear variable relationships and learn deep quality-related features. The prediction results show that NVW-SAEs can effectively extract quality-related features from process data. Two public data sets and an industrial debutanizer are used to validate the effectiveness of the NVW-SAEs.
Conductive filament evolution dynamics revealed by cryogenic (1.5 K) multilevel switching of CMOS-compatible Al2O3/TiO2 resistive memories
Authors: Beilliard Yann , Paquette François , Brousseau Frédéric , Ecoffey Serge , Alibart Fabien , Drouin Dominique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Non-volatile resistive switching devices are considered as prime candidates for next-generation memory applications operating at room temperature and above, such as resistive random-access memories or brain-inspired in-memory computing. However, their operability in cryogenic conditions remains to be mastered to adopt these devices as building blocks enabling large-scale quantum technologies via quantum–classical electronics co-integration. This study demonstrates multilevel switching at 1.5 K of Al2O3/TiO2-x
resistive memory devices fabricated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconducto-compatible processes and materials. The I–V characteristics exhibit a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect due to a Joule-heating-induced metal-insulator transition of the Ti4O7 conductive filament. Carrier transport analysis of all multilevel switching I–V curves show that while the insulating regime follows the space charge limited current (SCLC) model for all resistance states, the conduction in the metallic regime is dominated by SCLC and trap-assisted tunneling for low- and high-resistance states respectively. A non-monotonic conductance evolution is observed in the insulating regime, as opposed to the continuous and gradual conductance increase and decrease obtained in the metallic regime during the multilevel SET and RESET operations. Cryogenic transport analysis coupled to an analytical model accounting for the metal-insulator-transition-induced NDR effects and the resistance states of the device provide new insights on the conductive filament evolution dynamics and resistive switching mechanisms. Our findings suggest that the non-monotonic conductance evolution in the insulating regime is due to the combined effects of longitudinal and radial variations of the Ti4O7 conductive filament during the switching. This behavior results from the interplay between temperature- and field-dependent geometrical and physical characteristics of the filament.
Boundary element modelling of ultrasonic Lamb waves for structural health monitoring
Authors: Li Jun , Sharif Khodaei Zahra , Aliabadi M H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel boundary element plate formulation is proposed to model ultrasonic Lamb waves in both pristine and cracked plates for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Lamb waves are generated and sensed by piezoelectric discs. An equivalent pin-force model is newly proposed to represent the actuation effect of piezoelectric discs, which is more accurate than the classical pin-force model. The boundary element formulation is presented in the Laplace-transform domain based on plate theories, which allows three-dimensional analysis of Lamb wave behaviours, such as propagation and interaction with cracks, in thin-walled structures. A damage detection algorithm is used for crack localization alongside the BEM-simulated data. The BEM solutions show excellent agreement with both 3D finite element simulation and experimental results.
Determination of Fluorescence Quantum Yields in Scattering Media
Authors: Lagorio María Gabriela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The fluorescence quantum yield is a measure of the efficiency of photon emission and quantifies the luminescent performance of a given sample. The determination of fluorescence quantum yields, particularly in scattering media, is relevant in the areas of materials science, technology and photonics. It is equally crucial when studying fluorescent bioanalytical probes and biological systems either for medical applications, physiological analyses or the interpretation of optical signals in nature. This type of determination represents a challenge since light scattering introduces an appreciable complexity in the measurements. Hence, the use of experimentally accurate methods and the understanding of their basis and principles is indispensable for obtaining reliable results. In addition, light re-absorption processes are usually very significant in these systems and the experimental quantum yields normally differ from the true quantum yields of the fluorophore. The first purpose of this work is to provide a clear and comprehensive compilation of the various optical methods that can be used for the determination of quantum yields in scattering media. A second purpose is to present the correction models to account for light re-absorption processes, applicable in each case. The advantages and disadvantages of each methodology are comparatively discussed, the difference between experimental and true quantum yield is clarified and it is explained which should be used depending on the case. Several examples previously published in literature are illustrated. The methods presented here are adequate for the study of very diverse samples such as suspensions, solid powders, films, animal tissues and even plant material.