bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Boundary Conditions on Propagation of Non-Equidiffusive Flames
Authors: Akkerman Vyacheslav (Slava) 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Boundary conditions constitute one of the key factors influencing combustion in chambers with large aspect ratios such as narrow channels or pipes. Specifically, the flame shape and propagation velocity are impacted by wall friction and wall heat transfer. Both factors continuously influence the shape of the flame front, thereby resulting in its larger surface area as compared to a planar flame front. Such a corrugated flame consumes more fuel per unit time and thereby propagates faster than the planar flame at the same thermal-chemical conditions. Consequently, a flame accelerates due to the boundary conditions. In the recent years, there have been many studies scrutinizing the role of boundary conditions in flame acceleration scenario by means of analytical formulations, numerical studies or experimental measurements. However, the majority of these works was limited to equidiffusive flames, where the thermal-to-mass diffusivity ratio (the Lewis number; Le) is unity. In this respect, the present work removes this limitation by analyzing non-equidiffusive (Le &lt; 1 or Le &gt; 1) flames propagating in pipes of various widths. Specifically, a parametric study has been conducted by means of simulations of the basic hydrodynamic and combustion equations. In this particular study, two-dimensional channels with smooth walls and different thermal conditions such as isothermal and adiabatic walls, have been employed for various Lewis numbers in the range 0.2 ≤ Le ≤ 2.0, and for various Reynolds number associated with the flame propagation in the range 5 ≤ Re ≤ 30. As a result, a strong coupling between the wall conditions and the variations of the Lewis and Reynolds numbers is demonstrated. Specifically, it is observed that the increase in the Lewis number results in moderation of flame tip acceleration. It is also found that there is a change in the burning rate and surface area of the flame front at the lower Lewis numbers, where flames appear unstable against the diffusional-thermal flame instability. Moreover, a substantial difference between the cases of isothermal and adiabatic wall conditions is demonstrated.
The Campotosto linkage fault zone between the 2009 and 2016 seismic sequences of central Italy: Implications for seismic hazard analysis
Authors: Tondi Emanuele , Jablonská Danica , Volatili Tiziano , Michele Maddalena , Mazzoli Stefano , Pierantoni Pietro Paolo 
Published: December 2020

In the last decade central Italy was struck by devastating seismic sequences resulting in hundreds of casualties (i.e., 2009-L′Aquila moment magnitude [Mw] = 6.3, and 2016-Amatrice-Visso-Norcia Mw max = 6.5). These seismic events were caused by two NW-SE−striking, SW-dipping, seismogenic normal faults that were modeled based on the available focal mechanisms and the seismic moment computed during the relative mainshocks. The seismogenic faults responsible for the 2009-L′Aquila Mw = 6.3 (Paganica Fault—PF) and 2016-Amatrice-Visso-Norcia Mw max = 6.5 (Monte Vettore Fault—MVF) are right-stepping with a negative overlap (i.e., underlap) located at the surface in the Campotosto area. This latter was affected by seismic swarms with magnitude ranging from 5.0 to 5.5 during the 2009 seismic sequence and then in 2017 (i.e., a few months later than the mainshocks related with the 2016 seismic sequence).
In this paper, the seismogenic faults related to the main seismic events that occurred in the Campotosto Seismic Zone (CSZ) were modeled and interpreted as a linkage fault zone between the PF and MVF interacting seismogenic faults. Based on the underlap dimension, the seismogenic potential of the CSZ is in the order of Mw = 6.0, even in the case that all the faults belonging to the zone were activated simultaneously. This has important implications for seismic hazard assessment in an area dominated by the occurrence of a major NW-SE−striking extensional structure, i.e., the Monte Gorzano Fault (MGF). Mainly due to its geomorphologic expression, this fault has been considered as an active and silent structure (therefore representing a seismic gap) able to generate an earthquake of Mw max = 6.5−7.0. However, the geological evidence provided with this study suggests that the MGF is of early (i.e., pre- to syn-thrusting) origin. Therefore, the evaluation of the seismic hazard in the Campotosto area should not be based on the geometrical characteristics of the outcropping MGF. This also generates substantial issues with earthquake geological studies carried out prior to the recent seismic events in central Italy. More in general, the 4-D high-resolution image of a crustal volume hosting an active linkage zone between two large seismogenic structures provides new insights into the behavior of interacting faults in the incipient stages of connection.
Holographic entanglement of purification near a critical point
Authors: Amrahi B. , Ali-Akbari M. , Asadi M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the presence of finite chemical potential $$\mu $$
μ
, we holographically compute the entanglement of purification in a $$2+1$$

2
+
1

- and $$3+1$$

3
+
1

-dimensional field theory and also in a $$3+1$$

3
+
1

-dimensional field theory with a critical point, at which a phase transition takes place. We observe that compared to $$2+1$$

2
+
1

- and $$3+1$$

3
+
1

-dimensional field theories, the behavior of entanglement of purification near critical point is different and it is not a monotonic function of $$\frac{\mu }{T}$$

μ
T

where T is the temperature of the field theory. Therefore, the entanglement of purification distinguishes the critical point in the field theory. We also discuss the dependence of the holographic entanglement of purification on the various parameters of the theories. Moreover, the critical exponent is calculated.
Enhanced tensor non-Gaussianities in presence of a source
Authors: Naskar Abhishek , Pal Supratik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe address the possibility of having an enhanced signal for tensor non-Gaussianities in presence of a source, as a signature of Primordial Gravitational Waves. We employ a nearly model-independent framework based on Effective Field Theory of inflation and compute tensor non-Gaussianities therefrom sourced by particle production during (p)reheating to arrive at an enhanced signal strength. We obtain the non-linearity parameters and also find that squeezed limit bispectra are more enhanced than equilateral limit.
Design of Evolutionary Adaptive Notch Filter for GPS Anti-Jamming System
Authors: Tahouri M. A. , Abbasi M. , Mosavi M. R. 
Published: December 2020

GPS signals can be affected easily by interference due to the low power of signals and the long way between the satellites and receivers. Interference cancellation is one of the major challenges in using GPS. One of the most common intentional interferences is Continuous Wave Interference (CWI) jamming and the most popular way to reduce the impact of it on the GPS signal is using an Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF). Two kinds of heuristic Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are used to design second-order IIR Evolutionary Adaptive Notch Filter (EANF). The first algorithm is the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the second one is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. EAs are used to find answers to the problems in which there is no specific solution, and this is exactly what is needed to fix the digital filter design problems. NF is implemented in FPGA hardware according to the obtained filter coefficients. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed methods is compared with similar methods in terms of different evaluation metrics. The simulation results show about 12% SNR improvement by using GA and 97% RMS improvement by using the PSO method for higher than 50-dB JSRs.
SWI/SNF Complex Mutations Promote Thyroid Tumor Progression and Insensitivity to Redifferentiation Therapies
Authors: Saqcena Mahesh , Leandro-Garcia Luis Javier , Maag Jesper L.V. , Tchekmedyian Vatche , Krishnamoorthy Gnana P. , Tamarapu Prasanna P. , Tiedje Vera , Reuter Vincent , Knauf Jeffrey A. , de Stanchina Elisa , Xu Bin , Liao Xiao-Hui , Refetoff Samuel , Ghossein Ronald , Chi Ping , Ho Alan L. , Koche Richard P. , Fagin James A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Mutations of subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes occur commonly in cancers of different lineages, including advanced thyroid cancers. Here we show that thyroid-specific loss of Arid1a, Arid2, or Smarcb1 in mouse BRAFV600E-mutant tumors promotes disease progression and decreased survival, associated with lesion-specific effects on chromatin accessibility and differentiation. As compared with normal thyrocytes, BRAFV600E-mutant mouse papillary thyroid cancers have decreased lineage transcription factor expression and accessibility to their target DNA binding sites, leading to impairment of thyroid-differentiated gene expression and radioiodine incorporation, which is rescued by MAPK inhibition. Loss of individual SWI/SNF subunits in BRAF tumors leads to a repressive chromatin state that cannot be reversed by MAPK pathway blockade, rendering them insensitive to its redifferentiation effects. Our results show that SWI/SNF complexes are central to the maintenance of differentiated function in thyroid cancers, and their loss confers radioiodine refractoriness and resistance to MAPK inhibitor–based redifferentiation therapies.

Significance:
Reprogramming cancer differentiation confers therapeutic benefit in various disease contexts. Oncogenic BRAF silences genes required for radioiodine responsiveness in thyroid cancer. Mutations in SWI/SNF genes result in loss of chromatin accessibility at thyroid lineage specification genes in BRAF-mutant thyroid tumors, rendering them insensitive to the redifferentiation effects of MAPK blockade.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995
Lifelong Reduction in LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol due to a Gain-of-Function Mutation in
LDLR
Authors: Bjornsson Eythor , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Jonsson Hakon , Olafsdottir Eva F. , Niehus Sebastian , Kehr Birte , Sveinbjörnsson Gardar , Gudmundsdottir Steinunn , Helgadottir Anna , Andersen Karl , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Eyjolfsson Gudmundur I. , Olafsson Isleifur , Sigurdardottir Olof , Saemundsdottir Jona , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Magnusson Olafur Th. , Masson Gisli , Stefansson Hreinn , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Holm Hilma , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Melsted Pall , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Sulem Patrick , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Kari 
Published: December 2020

Background:

Loss-of-function mutations in the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor gene (
LDLR
) cause elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease. To date, a gain-of-function mutation in
LDLR
with a large effect on LDL cholesterol levels has not been described. Here, we searched for sequence variants in
LDLR
that have a large effect on LDL cholesterol levels.

Methods:
We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 43 202 Icelanders. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and structural variants including deletions, insertions, and duplications were genotyped using whole-genome sequencing-based data. LDL cholesterol associations were carried out in a sample of >100 000 Icelanders with genetic information (imputed or whole-genome sequencing). Molecular analyses were performed using RNA sequencing and protein expression assays in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes.

Results:

We discovered a 2.5-kb deletion (del2.5) overlapping the 3′ untranslated region of
LDLR
in 7 heterozygous carriers from a single family. Mean level of LDL cholesterol was 74% lower in del2.5 carriers than in 101 851 noncarriers, a difference of 2.48 mmol/L (96 mg/dL;
P
=8.4×10
−
8
). Del2.5 results in production of an alternative mRNA isoform with a truncated 3′ untranslated region. The truncation leads to a loss of target sites for microRNAs known to repress translation of
LDLR
. In Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes derived from del2.5 carriers, expression of alternative mRNA isoform was 1.84-fold higher than the wild-type isoform (
P
=0.0013), and there was 1.79-fold higher surface expression of the LDL receptor than in noncarriers (
P
=0.0086). We did not find a highly penetrant detrimental impact of lifelong very low levels of LDL cholesterol due to del2.5 on health of the carriers.

Conclusions:

Del2.5 is the first reported gain-of-function mutation in
LDLR
causing a large reduction in LDL cholesterol. These data point to a role for alternative polyadenylation of
LDLR
mRNA as a potent regulator of LDL receptor expression in humans.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Takeover Performance During Conditionally Automated Driving
Authors: Weaver Bradley W. , DeLucia Patricia R. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of this paper was to synthesize the experimental research on factors that affect takeover performance during conditionally automated driving. Background For conditionally automated driving, the automated driving system (ADS) can handle the entire dynamic driving task but only for limited domains. When the system reaches a limit, the driver is responsible for taking over vehicle control, which may be affected by how much time they are provided to take over, what they were doing prior to the takeover, or the type of information provided to them during the takeover. Method Out of 8446 articles identified by a systematic literature search, 48 articles containing 51 experiments were included in the meta-analysis. Coded independent variables were time budget, non-driving related task engagement and resource demands, and information support during the takeover. Coded dependent variables were takeover timing and quality measures. Results Engaging in non-driving related tasks results in degraded takeover performance, particularly if it has overlapping resource demands with the driving task. Weak evidence suggests takeover performance is impaired with shorter time budgets. Current implementations of information support did not affect takeover performance. Conclusion Future research and implementation should focus on providing the driver more time to take over while automation is active and should further explore information support. Application The results of the current paper indicate the need for the development and deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services and driver monitoring.
First Bite Syndrome After Parotidectomy: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Xu Vivian , Gill Kurren S. , Goldfarb Jared , Bovenzi Cory , Moayer Roxana , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: First bite syndrome (FBS) is a rare but potentially debilitating complication observed after surgery involving the upper cervical region. Patients classically complain of severe facial pain in the ipsilateral parotid region with the first few bites of a meal. Objective: The aim of this study is to shed light on the incidence and potential risk factors of FBS, including a series of cases depicting FBS observed after parotidectomy. Methods: Retrospective review of 419 patients who underwent parotidectomy at a single tertiary care facility between December 2016 and June 2020. Results: With a mean follow-up time of 16.5 months, 8 (2%) patients were documented to have symptoms of FBS after parotid gland surgery. Six of these patients underwent partial parotidectomy by dissection of the deep lobe of the parotid (DLP). Conclusion: Patients undergoing dissection of the DLP are particularly at risk for the development of FBS. All patients should be appropriately counseled during informed consent discussions, especially in high-risk cases.
Impact of COVID Lockdown on the Presentation of Nasal Foreign Bodies to a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Roy Suparna , Jain Neha , Narang Ekta , Singh Jyoti , Gupta Natasha 
Published: December 2020

Background: India announced nationwide lockdown on March 24, 2020, to control the COVID crisis. Due to lockdown, the health care system, that is, delivery and utilization of the health facilities were adversely affected. Clinical Setting: Presentation and management of nasal foreign body cases over 3 months post COVID lockdown has been discussed. Factors for delayed diagnosis and management are assessed and compared with pre-COVID era. Result/Outcome: Due to lockdown and COVID phobia, more complicated cases of nasal foreign body are presented in post lockdown period. Conclusion: We need to formulate and standardize the management strategies to avoid such unfortunate circumstances so that even non-COVID cases are managed more appropriately and in a timely manner.
Identification of a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profile as potential noninvasive biomarkers for chronic kidney disease using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Liu Xinying , Wang Weijie , Bai Yaling , Zhang Huiran , Zhang Shenglei , He Lei , Zhou Wei , Zhang Dongxue , Xu Jinsheng 
Published: December 2020

Objective To identify serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We collected serum samples from healthy controls, CKD stage 1 (CKD1), and stage 5 (CKD5) patients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN), screened differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and confirmed the sequencing data using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results We identified 20 and 42 DEMs in the CKD1 and CKD5 patients compared with the controls, respectively, and 70 DEMs in the CKD5 compared with the CKD1 patients. The qRT-PCR results showed that miR-483-5p was up-regulated in the CKD1 and CKD5 patients compared with controls (fold change = 2.56 and 18.77, respectively). miR-363-3p was down-regulated in the CKD5 patients compared with the controls and CKD1 patients (fold change = 0.27 and 0.48, respectively). Conclusion We identified a genome-wide serum miRNA expression profile in CKD patients, and serum miR-483-5p and miR-363-3p may act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for CKD.
Triggering business responses to climate policy in Australia
Authors: Markey Raymond , McIvor Joseph , O’Brien Martin , Wright Chris F 
Published: December 2020

The ‘Porter hypothesis’ predicts that well-designed environmental regulations will stimulate businesses to innovate to reduce their environmental impact for efficiency reasons. This article analyses the impacts and anticipation effects of Australia’s carbon price on firms’ carbon reduction activities, through survey data on 466 medium-to-large Australian businesses. We build upon the Porter hypothesis by demonstrating that the anticipated impact of regulation may be as important as its implementation in triggering environmental innovation, thus developing the notion of a ‘signal’ effect. JEL Classification: D22 and 033
A scoping review of acupuncture insurance coverage in the United States
Authors: Bleck Roselle , Marquez Emma , Gold Melanie A , Westhoff Carolyn L 
Published: December 2020

Background: Increasing access to non-pharmacologic pain management modalities, including acupuncture, has the potential to reduce opioid overuse. A lack of insurance coverage for acupuncture could present a barrier for both patients and providers. The objective of this scoping review was to assess the existing literature on acupuncture insurance coverage in the United States and to identify knowledge gaps and research priorities. Methods: We utilized the Arksey and O’Malley framework to guide our scoping review methodology. We followed a pre-determined study protocol for the level-one abstract and level-two full text screenings. We synthesized information into subject-area domains and identified knowledge gaps. Results: We found a lack of published data on acupuncture coverage in 44 states, especially in the Midwest and the South. Where data were available, a large proportion of acupuncture users did not have insurance coverage. Consumer demand, state mandates, and efforts to reduce opioid use were motivations to cover acupuncture. Licensed acupuncturists were less likely to be reimbursed and were reimbursed at lower rates compared to physicians. Reported barriers encountered when implementing coverage included a lack of providers, challenges determining when to offer non-pharmacologic treatments, and a lack of evidence for clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: We found a lack of recent publications and data comparing regional coverage in the United States. A key challenge is that commercial insurance plan data are not in the public domain. Further research should assess insurance coverage implementation for acupuncture and measure the impact of policy changes on acupuncture utilization and rates of opioid overuse.
Moderating Effects of Gender Among Collegiate Student-Athletes Receiving a Novel Peer Concussion Education Program
Authors: Kneavel Meredith , Ernst William , McCarthy Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Background More than 460,000 female and male student-athletes compete in college sports each year, with 5.5 concussions reported per 1,000 athlete exposures. The majority of these concussions occurred during competition and are somewhat more likely to be reported by female athletes. Aims To evaluate moderating effects of gender differences in response to a Peer Concussion Education Program (PCEP). Method A total of 1,100 male and 511 female student-athletes from 60 teams (30 experimental, 30 control) representing all National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions from high-concussive sports participated before, postintervention, and 1-month following the intervention. Participants completed assessments of symptom and return-to-play knowledge, reporting behavior, and reporting attitudes. Results The PCEP was more effective than control on all measures, females in the PCEP showed significantly greater changes than males in return to play knowledge, intention to report self and teammate, and indirect attitudes for self and teammate. PCEP females were more likely to discuss concussions with athletic trainers, peers, and teammates. In addition, females had a higher likelihood of reporting their own suspected concussion. Discussion Females had greater rates of change in understanding of some key components of the PCEP. Conclusion These findings suggest that females may learn differently in a peer environment and have different attitudes toward reporting and safety when consideration is given to the well-being of others.