bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the spatial distribution of the accumulated dose uncertainty using the novel delta index
Authors: van den Dobbelsteen Madelon , Hackett Sara L , Bosma Lando S , van Doormaal Renate J A , van Asselen Bram , Fast Martin F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Inter- and intra-fractional anatomical changes during a radiotherapy treatment can cause differences between the initially planned dose and the delivered dose. The total delivered dose can be accumulated over all fractions by using deformable image registration (DIR). However, there is uncertainty in this process which should be accounted for. The aim of this study is to propose a novel metric estimating the spatial distribution of the accumulated dose uncertainty and to evaluate its performance for multi-fraction online adaptive treatments. Approach. We postulate a new metric, the delta (δ) index, to estimate the uncertainties associated with the dose accumulation process. This metric is calculated for each voxel and takes into account the spatial uncertainty in DIR and local dose differences. For the spatial uncertainty of the DIR, the distance discordance metric was used. The accumulated dose and the δ index were determined for ten lung stereotactic body radiation therapy patients. The δ index was complemented by a more understandable metric, the δ index passing rate, which is the percentage of points satisfying the passing criteria in a region. Main results. The spatial distribution of the δ index and the δ index passing rates showed that voxels failing the criteria were predominantly in lower-dose regions. The mean percentage of voxels passing the criterion increased from 65% to 78%, for threshold doses of 20% and 90% of the prescription doses, respectively. Significance. The δ index was postulated to quantify the spatial distribution of the uncertainties associated with the dose accumulation process. The metric gives an intuitive understanding of the reliability of accumulated dose distributions and derived DVH metrics. The performance of the δ index was evaluated for multi-fraction online adaptive treatments, where a case of sub-optimal image registration was identified by the metric.
3-D motion tracking and vascular strain imaging using bistatic dual aperture ultrasound acquisitions
Authors: de Hoop Hein , Maas Esther , Muller Jan-Willem , Schwab Hans-Martin , Lopata Richard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study demonstrates high volume rate bistatic 3-D vascular strain imaging, to overcome well-known challenges caused by the anisotropic resolution and contrast inherent to ultrasound imaging. Approach. Using two synchronized 32 × 32 element matrix arrays (3.5 MHz), coherent 3-D ultrasound images of ex vivo porcine aortas were acquired at 90 Hz during pulsation in a mock circulation loop. The image data of interleaved transmissions were coherently compounded on one densely sampled Cartesian grid to estimate frame-to-frame displacements using 3-D block matching. The radial displacement components were projected onto mesh nodes of the aortic wall, after which local circumferential and radial strain estimates were calculated with a 3-D least squares strain estimator. Main results. The additional reflection content and high-resolution phase information along the axis of the second transducer added more distinctive features for block matching, resulting in an increased coverage of high correlation values and more accurate lateral displacements. Compared to single array results, the mean motion tracking error for one inflation cycle was reduced by a factor 5–8 and circumferential elastographic signal-to-noise ratio increased by 5–10 dB. Radial strain remains difficult to estimate at the transmit frequency used at these imaging depths, but may benefit from more research into strain regularization and sub-pixel interpolation techniques. Significance. These results suggest that multi-aperture ultrasound acquisition sequences can advance the field of vascular strain imaging and elastography by addressing challenges related to estimating local-scale deformation on an acquisition level. Future research into 3-D aberration correction and probe localization techniques is important to extend the method’s applicability towards in vivo use and for a wider range of applications.
Microstructure of superconducting hetero-joints between single-grained Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors
Authors: Gao Z , Congreve J V J , Tutt N , Shi Y , Liu J , Grovenor C R M , Cardwell D A , Durrell J H , Speller S C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A wide range of technologies rely on permanent magnets, including levitation devices, motors, generators and magnetic separators. Replacing permanent magnets with bulk superconductors will enable a step change in performance by providing an order of magnitude increase in the achievable magnetic field. However, the reliable fabrication of large single grained superconducting materials with a high, homogeneously distributed magnetic trapped field remains a barrier to the widespread application of these materials. Limits to the size and geometry of RE–Ba–Cu–O single grain bulk superconductors could be overcome by developing a reliable process to assemble larger components by fabricating superconducting joints between smaller samples. In this work we propose a mechanism of joint formation in GdBCO–Ag bulk superconductors using a YBCO–Ag intermediate that is based on detailed analysis of the joint interfaces. This improved understanding of the joint formation process provides the knowledge required to fully optimise the fabrication parameters, and to produce joints with improved superconducting and mechanical properties.
Evolution of the universe prior to inflation in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Shahalam M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We studied the dynamics of pre-inflation with generic potentials, namely

and

, in the context of loop quantum cosmology, where the initial singularity is resolved by a non-singular quantum bounce. Initially, the background evolution is dominated by either kinetic or potential energy at the quantum bounce. In the case of kinetic energy dominated evolution at the bounce, we found three generic phases, namely bouncing, transition, and slow-roll inflation. The first two regimes vanish in the case of potential energy dominated evolution; however, slow-roll inflation remains. Therefore, we found physically viable initial conditions of the inflaton field, which must have a minimum number of

-folds of 60 to be compatible with observations. Additionally, we analyzed the phase space diagram for the models under consideration; we found that all the trajectories of the inflaton field start from the bounce and move toward stable attractor points.
Short-term load forecasting method based on multiple meteorological factors and improved TCN-LSTM
Authors: Song Mingshu , Su Changsheng , Wang Yong , Du Long , Li Fengting 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Effective scheduling plans, optimized energy deployment, and grid stability assurance hinge on precisely forecasting short-term power loads. Therefore, this paper introduces an innovative approach to short-term load forecasting that integrates meteorological factors with an enhanced TCN-LSTM methodology. Firstly, the impact of meteorological factors on loads is quantified using Pearson’s phase relationship, facilitating the identification of meteorological input variables for the short-term load forecasting model. Secondly, a novel time-series convolutional neural network (TCN) tailored to power load characteristics is developed. The introduction of a network structure adapted to the characteristics of power loads improves the TCN model, enabling the effective capture of the long-term dependence and short-term fluctuation in load data. Finally, the paper details the construction of the improved TCN-LSTM model for short-term load forecasting. The new vectors, formed based on the load data features extracted by the improved TCN, are used as inputs for LSTM for load forecasting. The proposed short-term load forecasting method is validated using load-meteorological data from a typical period in a specific area, and the results demonstrate a notable enhancement in forecasting.
Comparative study of earthquake – resistant building design according to SNI 03-1726-2019 in Jakarta and Aceh regions
Authors: Husen Muhamad Fitra , Mentari Sekar , Nursani Rosi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indonesia’s unique geological setting necessitates region-specific approaches to earthquake-resistant building design. This study investigates the comparative structural behavior and design requirements of buildings in Jakarta and Aceh, two regions with contrasting seismic hazards, adhering to the Indonesian seismic code SNI 03-1726-2019. Utilizing ETABS software and the response spectrum method, the research reveals that structures in Aceh, due to the heightened seismic risk, demand larger dimensions (up to 40% increase in column size) compared to those in Jakarta. The analysis also uncovers similar patterns of horizontal and vertical irregularity in both regions. The base shear, a crucial indicator of seismic demand, is notably higher in Aceh (742,781.6 kN) than in Jakarta (588,980.6 kN). Additionally, roof displacement values exhibit variations between the two regions, with Jakarta recording 31.895 mm and 61.518 mm, and Aceh showing 30.542 mm and 56.936 mm. This study shows that regions with higher seismic acceleration necessitate greater building capacity to withstand the increased seismic forces. The research concludes that effective earthquake-resistant design must be tailored to the specific seismic context of each region, ensuring the safety and resilience of buildings across Indonesia.
Rotary-screen printing with improved registration and dimensional stability for flexible electronics
Authors: Välimäki Marja , Happonen Tuomas , Karhu Toni , Ontero Pekka , Luoma Enni , Ollila Jyrki , Korhonen Pentti , Takaluoma Antti , Rooms Harmen , Kraft Thomas M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A key aspect of printed electronics manufacturing is layer-layer registration and potential deformation of the substrate during processing (e.g. printing) which involves thermal treatment under tension or steps without any tension (e.g. surface mount hybrid integration of electronics). The influence of thermal processing on the registration control and material interfaces for printed and hybrid processing was evaluated on a pilot printing line using roll-to-roll screen-printed silver microflakes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) inks. The registration was not fully stabilized on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) whereas on thermally pre-treated PET (PET_t) it reached ±60 µm accuracy in the machine direction (MD) and ±100 µm in the cross-machine direction (CD) after settling. The print on PET deviated 0.18% in MD and −0.01% in CD, implying that the print dimensions were changing along the MD elongation, whereas the changes on PET_t occurred during the pre-treatment, thus, the print deviated only −0.01% in MD and 0.08% in CD. Silver-substrate interface obtained good adhesion, however partial delamination was detected after thermal post-treatment at zero tension, most likely due to substrate shrinkage. Differences in the thermal response may partially delaminate the silver. Delamination of PEDOT:PSS was not observed, which may be related to its polymeric nature. Silver resistance on PET was 8% higher than on PET_t in MD, due to the elongation of the PET that occurs during print curing. Respectively, the silver resistance on PET was 2% lower in CD, with the dimensions slightly below the nominal layout value. Thermal post-treatment at zero tension reduced the resistance on both substrates, being greater in the MD as well as the substrate shrinkage. The impacts of thermal treatment are particularly important if the hybrid electronics processing is utilizing manufacturing lines with different web tension, such as printing and surface mount technology assembly, since the dimensional changes of the substrate can cause significant reduction in accuracy and reliability.
Development of bioengineered 3D patient derived breast cancer organoid model focusing dynamic fibroblast–stem cell reciprocity
Authors: Roy Nakka Sharmila , Kumari Mamta , Alam Kamare , Bhattacharya Anamitra , Kaity Santanu , Kaur Kulwinder , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Roy Subhadeep 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) models, such as tumor spheroids and organoids, are increasingly developed by integrating tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and personalized therapy strategies. These advanced 3D in-vitro models are not merely endpoint-driven but also offer the flexibility to be customized or modulated according to specific disease parameters. Unlike traditional 2D monolayer cultures, which inadequately capture the complexities of solid tumors, 3D co-culture systems provide a more accurate representation of the tumor microenvironment. This includes critical interactions with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which significantly modulate cancer cell behavior and therapeutic responses. Most of the findings from the co-culture of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cells and MSC showed the formation of monolayers. Although changes in the plasticity of MSCs and iPSCs caused by other cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively researched, the effect of MSCs on cancer stem cell (CSC) aggressiveness is still controversial and contradictory among different research communities. Some researchers have argued that CSCs proliferate more, while others have proposed that cancer spread occurs through dormancy. This highlights the need for further investigation into how these interactions shape cancer aggressiveness. The objective of this review is to explore changes in cancer cell behavior within a 3D microenvironment enriched with MSCs, iPSCs, and ECM components. By describing various MSC and iPSC-derived 3D breast cancer models that replicate tumor biology, we aim to elucidate potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer. A particular focus of this review is the Transwell system, which facilitates understanding how MSCs and iPSCs affect critical processes such as migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The gradient formed between the two chambers is based on diffusion, as seen in the human body. Once optimized, this Transwell model can serve as a high-throughput screening platform for evaluating various anticancer agents. In the future, primary cell-based and patient-derived 3D organoid models hold promise for advancing personalized medicine and accelerating drug development processes.
Investigations on the effect of vapor smoothing process in trichloromethane (chloroform) on the surface characteristics, mechanical properties and chemical structure of 3D printed Poly-Lactic-Acid (PLA)
Authors: Pitale Sameer , Keche Ashok J , Chopra Swamini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
3D printing has become a prominent method for prototyping and manufacturing intricate geometric components. However, the inherent staircase effect often leaves 3D printed parts with suboptimal surface smoothness. To address this issue, post-processing techniques like vapor smoothing, involving the use of trichloromethane (chloroform) vapors, are employed. This paper presents experimental investigations on 3D printed PLA parts subjected to vapor smoothing, with a focus on varying the process time. Experimental determinations of elongation, tensile strength, and surface finish provide insights into the influence of process time on these critical features of 3D printed PLA components. The selection of an optimal process time emerges as a crucial factor in achieving a harmonious balance between surface characteristics and mechanical properties. The novelty of this research lies in establishing correlations between changes in PLA elongation, tensile strength, and surface finish post-vapor smoothing and the corresponding alterations in the chemical structure of PLA. The study reveals the synergistic physical and chemical interactions between chloroform vapors and PLA structure that result in enhanced surface finish. Simultaneously, the process time is identified as a key determinant governing the extent of changes in mechanical properties. Consequently, this work aims to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the observed combination of properties and surface characteristics through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis concerning vapor smoothing process time.
Varying aggregate sizes, plasticizers, and supplementary cementitious materials to efficiently use Portland clinker in concrete
Authors: Amitani Asahi , Miller Sabbie A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the production of concrete, a critical infrastructure material around the world, has been highlighted as necessary to meet climate change goals. Concrete is made of water, aggregates (e.g. crushed rocks), and Portland cement (PC), a hydraulic binder. PC is the primary source of GHG emissions from concrete, a function of the emissions derived from the production of its clinker, a kilned, quenched material composed of calcium silicates that, by mass, makes up the majority of PC. While considerable attention has been given to reducing the GHG emissions from PC manufacture, better utilization of other resources used in concrete can lower the demand for the level of clinker necessary in any given mixture. In this work, we examine how changing the size of aggregates, the use of a superplasticizer (SP), and the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can lower GHG emissions from concrete. We derive a system of equations based fundamentally on standard mixture proportioning guidelines to determine the most efficient use of PC in a concrete mixture for specified strength and workability, and we quantify GHG emissions using life cycle assessment methods. Findings show that the use of reactive SCMs can contribute to reduced GHG emissions, as can the use of a higher maximum aggregate diameter and higher SP dosage. Our models also suggest that a concrete producer could follow standard mixture proportioning guidelines and yield a mixture that has over 2 times the PC content needed. The efficient use of PC within concrete mixtures by appropriately selecting other constituents can lower GHG emissions, contributing to climate change goals.
Introduction
Authors: Ross Janice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Introduction to Choreography of Environments sets up the context for this book’s exploration of the use of ordinary objects from a private residence as lenses into viewing dance innovation. It provides an overview of how this book posits the 1950s iconic mid-century modern home and expansive gardens of the California dancer Anna Halprin and landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, as a hidden archive. It includes a brief summary of how chapter is devoted to one of four pivotal objects from the Halprin house and grounds (staircase, chair, window and deck). Close readings of these objects are then used to trace how, despite the conservative postwar climate, this intimate domestic space became a radical template reshaping postmodern dance invention and its expansion into civic, social, and environmental engagement in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The fifth, and concluding chapter, explores how these four objects continue as forceful presences in the Halprins’ lives as prominent elements in their second home at The Sea Ranch on the Northern California Coastline.
Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica at an underground copper mine in Zambia
Authors: Nabiwa Lubinda , Linde Stephanus J L , Habanyama Adrian , Hayumbu Patrick , Sifanu Mwaba , Masekameni Masilu Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Overexposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) can lead to the development of silicosis and other respiratory diseases. The mine under study was reported to have the highest number of certified cases of pneumoconiosis in Zambia in 2015, and in 2008, a study revealed that 56% of the RCS samples exceeded 0.05 mg/m3. This study aims to assess occupational exposure to RCS at this underground copper mine.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, personal exposure monitoring was conducted using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s methods 0600 and 7602 (KBr pellet), and 114 samples were collected. Gravimetric analysis of respirable dust (RD) samples and quantification of RCS were performed at an ISO 17025:2005 accredited analytical laboratory. BOHS-NVvA 2022 standard was used for determining activity areas’ overexposure.

Results
The median, 95th percentile (P95), and maximum (Max) RD concentrations were 0.279, 1.650, and 3.7 mg/m3, respectively. For the RCS exposure, the median, P95, and Max RCS exposure concentrations were 0.02, 0.179, and 0.548 mg/m3, respectively. Thirteen (11.7%) of the 111 samples had exposure exceeding the Republic of South Africa (RSA) TWA-OEL of 0.1 mg/m3, and 11 out of 18 activity areas were statistically overexposed to RCS when applying the BOHS-NVvA 2022 standard.

Discussion
The number of RCS samples exceeding 0.05 mg/m3 reduced from the 67% recorded in 2008 to 32.4% in this study. One factor that could have led to this reduction is the mine not working at full capacity during the sampling period. However, the lack of adherence to the occupational health and safety (OHS) guidelines by the miners still leads to personal exposure above the limits set by various countries.

Conclusion
Exposure to RCS in more than half of the activity areas was not under control. Routine RCS monitoring in Zambian mines should be mandatory, as this is not an isolated case, though it is more of a challenge at this mine because of the high percentage of RCS in RD samples (18.5%). Miners should be continuously trained on the importance of adhering to the OHS guidelines. Furthermore, Zambia should consider adopting the RSA occupational exposure limit for RCS and the BOHS-NVvA 2022 standard for exposure level compliance testing.