bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desertification in Iraq and how to Combatit
Authors: Farooq Ahmed Fartm Zuhair 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Iraq faces many environmental challenges as a result of its geographical location within arid and semi-arid regions, as well as the economic, political and security conditions it faced. Desertification comes at the forefront of these challenges as it is considered one of the dangerous environmental manifestations because of its direct impact on food security and the impact on human health, which is the goal and main tool for development. This problem has been exacerbated during the last two decades due to several reasons, the most important of which are climate change, low rainfall rates, misuse of natural pastures, overgrazing and urban sprawl at the expense of agricultural lands in addition to unsustainable farming methods and wrong practices in irrigation operations and the increase in land areas affected by salinity and the significant deterioration in vegetation and those Covered by Moving sand dunes as a result of land degradation and erosion. In addition to the phenomenon of drying marshes, as they dried more than more than 90% of its area, and the research dealt with dividing the land of Iraq according to its production capacity into eight comprehensive sections for eight varieties.
Effect addition of the peppermint oil to barley straw in some characteristics of fermentation in the rumen, in vitro digestibility and metabolic energy
Authors: Mustafa Sameen Al-Bayati Mohammad , Hussein Kuttar Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of adding different concentrations of peppermint oil to barley straw in some fermented rumen features, in vitro digestibility and energy of metabolism. The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in the pH of all treatments except T4, during all incubation period in comparison with the control treatment. The results also presented a significant increase (p<0.01) in the concentration of the nitrogen of ammonia in treatments of T3 and T4 and during every part of incubation periods in comparing with the control treatment. Additionally, a significant decrease (p<0.01) was discovered in the in vitro dry matter, digestibility organic substances and metabolic energy compared with the treatment of control.
Comparison the Effect of Adding Waterly Extract of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa ), Chamomile and Fenugreek with Drinking Water on Productive Performance for Broiler
Authors: Mohammad Al-Kerwi Mahdi S. , Amin Al-tawash Ali S. , Salah Almrsomi Tariq 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the effect of adding waterly extract of black seeds(Nigella Sativa ), chamomile and fenugreek seeds individually with drinking water on the productive performance of broilers, the addition started from the age of 8 days. It used 180 unsexed chicks from the Ross 308 strain and randomly distributed the chicks to 4 treatments. The Control treatment where drinking water was provided to the birds free of any addition.T1-Treatment of addition of watery extract of Nigella Sativa with bird drinking water T2-Treatment of adding watery extract of chamomile with bird drinking water. T3-Treatment of adding watery extract of fenugreek with bird drinking . The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant improvement in the rate of final live body weight, the rate of weight gain and feed consumed for T1 and T2 treatments . There were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion ratio, there was no mortality of chicks during duration of the experiment.
Eigenvectors for a Cylindrical Shell under Axial Impact
Authors: Zhang WX , Hu XW 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A lot of research on dnamic buckling of cylindrical shells has been carried out, which greatly promotes the development of dynamic stability theory of shells. However, the existing theoretical analysis methods belong to the Lagrangian system, so it is difficult to apply the traditional variable separation method. In this paper, a symplectic system method for the dynamic buckling of elastic cylindrical shells under axial impact is presented. In symplectic space, the critical buckling load and dynamic buckling mode are simplified as general eigensolutions. In numerical results, the critical buckling load modes of elastic shells under different boundary conditions are given.
Analysis on Poisson’s Ratio of Linear Viscoelastic Solids
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Poisson’s ratio is the absolute value of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain under simple tension or compression, which can reflect the transverse deformation of the solid. Viscoelastic mechanics is to establish the constitutive relationship of stress and deformation components on the premise of fully reflecting the viscous characteristics of materials, so as to solve the problem of stress and deformation analysis.
Timoshenko Beams and the Hamiltonian System
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The significance of the transition from Lagrangian system to Hamiltonian system lies in that it has entered the form of symplectic geometry from the traditional Euclidean geometry and broken through the traditional concept, so that the dual mixed variable method has entered into the vast field of applied mechanics. Thus the Hamiltonian system method is very significant for engineering mechanics system and even mathematical physics method. It provides a powerful tool for discussing this kind of problems and improves the solution of elasticity to a new platform.
A Study on the Dynamic Problems of Cylindrical Shells under the Coupling of Tensile and Torsional Forces
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the critical buckling load and dynamic buckling mode are reduced to symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions in symplectic space according to the non synchronous propagation of axial stress wave and torsional stress wave in cylindrical shell. Moreover, the eigensolutions are numerically solved by using the bifurcation theory of dynamic buckling. In the numerical computation, the influence factors of critical buckling load and the occurrence and development of buckling modes are discussed.
A New Computational Approach for Viscoelasticity
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Viscoelasticity is the basic content of solid mechanics, which has become an important part of continuum mechanics. It usually includes two aspects: one is the description of viscoelastic properties and the expression of constitutive relationship; the other is the establishment and solution of boundary value problem. In this paper, based on Legendre transformation, a new numerical method which can effectively deal with viscoelastic boundary conditions is established.
Stress fitting and forecast model of dams based on BP neural network
Authors: Hou Wenang , Fang Xushun , Li Minghua , Yan Zhikun , Wang Xiaochun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Safety monitoring is significant in the daily management of the dams. Plenty instruments are planted in the dam to collect the health data of the dam. It is essential to evaluate and forecast the condition of the dam. This paper proposed a method to forecast the future stress condition of the dam.
Design and durability analysis of marine concrete
Authors: Zhao Xirui , Gao HuaXi , Fan Wei , Duan Yue , Shang Ziqi , Hou Jinglong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Marine engineering is an important way for a country to go deep blue. In the marine environment, there are many factors that affect the durability of concrete, among which the most harmful one is chloride ion erosion. In order to improve the ability to resist chloride ion permeation, this paper designs, compares and selects the appropriate water cement ratio of marine concrete, with the use of new anticorrosive technologies such as epoxy coating and silane impregnation. The design service life and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient prediction are analysed by establishing models, and this paper verifies whether the engineering design meets the service life requirement.
Analysis and application of interactive supervised classification in Broome County, NY
Authors: Yuan Xingyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Land cover classification is essential in urban sprawl. It helps the urban planners and the policy makers to understand their urban communities. Interactive supervised classification (ISC) function in ArcMap can produce land cover classification map. Based on the analysis and comparison of the accuracy of ISC map and land cover classification products, GLC, GLOBC, and MCD, ISC map has the highest user’s accuracy in identifying developed urban area, forest, water body and crop/pasture, and highest overall accuracy, which provides efficient technical support for urban planning and decision-making.
PHOENICS-based Simulation Study on Winter Wind Environment in Outdoor Space of Old Communities—Taking Sanlihe Community of Beijing as An Example
Authors: Shang Yuqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The quality of wind environment is closely related to the comfort of outdoor space, and the wind environment is an important factor affecting outdoor activities of urban residents in winter. Taking the old Sanlihe Community in Beijing as an example, this paper uses the PHOENICS simulation software to simulate the outdoor wind environment of the community in winter in a physical way, analyse problems existing in the outdoor environment in a more scientific way, and put forward optimization suggestions, so as to provide an objective basis for future practical transformation.
Analysis of Small Fluctuation Stability of Upstream and Downstream Double Surge chamber Diversion Power Generation System
Authors: Geng Qinghua , Liang Chuan , Ju Xiaoming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Installation of upstream and downstream surge chamber is a significant and feasible measure for peak pressure control in the hydropower system with long water diversion and drainage tunnel. This paper presents a study on the fluctuation stability with such a measure. For this system, a complete mathematical model including diversion pipeline, upstream surge tank, hydraulic turbine and downstream surge tank was developed, calculating the hydraulic transition characteristics and analyzing the fluctuation stability with different surge tank cross areas. The calculation shows that, the hydropower system with upstream and downstream surge chamber, can also be stable even if the surge tank cross area is smaller than the calculated value. In practice, in the condition of meeting the stability requirement, multiple schemes should be calculated in order to find out the minimum areas to reduce project investment.
A numerical simulation study on the sedimentation dredging in Lushui Reservoir, part 1: model building and validation
Authors: Ge Hua , Deng Chunyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on the characteristics of the river regime, sediment deposition and the distribution of hydrological stations in Lushui reservoir, a depth-averaged two-dimensional flow mathematical model is established in this paper. Then based on the filed data observed at the hydrological station networks in the reservoir, the mathematical model was verified and calculated. The validation simulation results show that the mathematical model can well reflect the flow movement in the studied reach, and this will provide a good technical support for the influence of sedimentation dredging in the reservoir area.
Effects of land use on processes governing water quality in urbanizing catchments: A case study in the Liangjiang New Area, China
Authors: Luo Kun , Wu Conglin , Zheng HeZhen , Hu Xuebin , He Qiang , Shao Junrong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Understanding the effects of land use on processes governing water quality is important for watershed planning and management. This study evaluated the difference in pollution factors due to land use in Liangjiang New Area. Water samples were collected in April (dry season) and September (wet season) of 2014 and 2015 at 20 subcatchments. According to the similarity in land use compositions, cluster analysis divided subcatchments into four land use groups, representing different urbanization levels. The factor analysis identified five pollution factors which explained more than 80% of the variance in data, and revealed nutrients pollutions, anaerobic conditions, soil erosion, effects of eutrophication and oxygen consumption in the rivers, respectively. Using the analysis of principal component scores, we found that the magnitudes of pollution factors were significantly different among the land use groups. Moreover, urban land use had a significantly positive relationship with pollution factors, whereas forest land and farmland displayed opposite effects.
The influence of LUCC on water demand in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain
Authors: Ma Hengli , Sun Jianguo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the spatial distribution and change of domestic water in the economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, understands the influence of LUCC process on domestic water, and provides a scientific basis for sustainable utilization and management of domestic water in arid areas. In this paper, the conventional linear fitting method is used to analyze the temporal and spatial change trend of domestic water use and the impact of land use change on it in 1989-2017 in the northern slope of Tianshan economic belt. The results show that from 1990 to 2018, the area of urban and rural industrial and mining residential areas increased by 1734km2, the population increased by 158.58 × 104, the total domestic water consumption increased from 125 × 106m3 in 1989 to 398 × 106m3 in 2017, and the per capita domestic water consumption also increased rapidly, especially in urban areas. The spatial difference between per capita domestic water consumption and total domestic water consumption in the whole year is obvious. It can be seen that the LUCC process has an important impact on the change of domestic water consumption.
Research Progress on Dynamic Monitoring Technology of Soil Erosion in Sloping Farmland
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Song Yuejun , Xie Songhua , Liao Kaitao , Shi Zheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic monitoring of soil erosion on sloping farmland was systematically summarized and analyzed from the two aspects of research methods and monitoring techniques. In terms of monitoring methods, the main methods are field runoff monitoring test plot observation, indoor and outdoor artificial simulated rainfall observation and water flushing test observation. In terms of monitoring technology, there are mainly contact monitoring technologies such as steel brazing, erosion needle and element tracing, and non-contact monitoring technologies such as three-dimensional laser technology, close range photogrammetry and model simulation prediction. Among them, the field runoff monitoring test plot observation method can obtain the natural soil erosion on the slope, the artificial simulated rainfall and water flushing test can realize the human controlled soil erosion monitoring test on the slope, and the test data has better availability and controllability. In terms of monitoring technology, 3d laser and close-range photogrammetric reconstruction technology have prominent advantages in dynamic monitoring of soil erosion on slope surface, which provides a new monitoring means and ideas for soil erosion monitoring on sloping farmland.
Calculation of Loss Amount from Southeast of the Bay to West of Bay Mouth
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Zhu Hong , Ling Weifeng , Wang Qi , Li Haixia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using survey data of Pb in water body from southeast of Jiaozhou Bay to west of bay mouth, in August 1992 and according to the horizontal change model and the vertical change model of matter content put forward by authors, we calculate the horizontal loss amount, vertical diluted amount and vertical sediment amount of Pb in surface and bottom layer and determine the model diagram of Pb content horizontal and vertical changes. The results showed that in water body from southeast of Jiaozhou Bay to west of bay mouth in August, the absolutely horizontal loss amount of Pb content in surface layer and bottom layer was 4.32 - 5.29μg/L, and the relatively horizontal loss amount of Pb content was 28.01 - 38.23%. The absolutely vertical sediment amount of Pb was 6.61 - 7.58μg/L in both surface and bottom layer, and the relatively vertical sediment amount was 40.14 - 48.63%. In the surface water in August, the main sea current carrying Pb content moved through a ring of nearshore water when the Pb content in the surface and bottom layer deposited to the seabed in large quantities. During the horizontal migration of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters, the loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and bottom layer reached almost 30.00% and that in the surface layer even reached almost 40.00%. It revealed that the high content Pb on the surface could rapidly and continuously settle to the seabed almost 30.00% of the Pb content in the water remained at the bottom of Jiaozhou Bay. In August, in the process of vertical migration, the Pb content transported by main sea current was relatively high. From the waters in the southeast of the bay to the waters in the west of bay mouth, the vertical sediment amount of Pb content in the surface and bottom increased from 40.14% to 48.63%, and the deposition of high Pb content accumulated in the seabed of Jiaozhou Bay.
Effect of the sampling method on the results of melt quality assessment of aluminum alloys with computed tomography
Authors: Gyarmati G , Fegyverneki Gy , Tokár M , Mende T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Liquid metal quality is one of the key factors which determine the soundness of cast parts. This is the reason why the assessment of the melt quality is of critical importance prior to casting. The most common and most deleterious defects of liquid aluminum alloys are the so-called bifilms whose quantity can be characterized by the computed tomographic porosity analysis of reduced pressure test pieces. During the sampling of these specimens, however, generally pouring is involved, which is known to damage melt quality and introduce bifilms into the liquid metal. For this reason, a new sampling method was tested and compared with conventional pouring. It was found, that by using the new sampling method, the pore volume fraction of the test pieces can be lowered, however, regarding the pore number density, no clear difference could be observed. The results also suggest that fluxes have a remarkable effect on the structure of double oxide films, and in this way, on the susceptibility to pore formation.
Development of new cladding types for nuclear fuel
Authors: Hózer Z , Novotny T , Perez-Feró E , Horváth M , Pintér Csordás A , Szabó P , Illés L , Schyns M , Delville R , Kim D , Kim W J , Ševeček M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Three different cladding types were tested for nuclear fuel in traditional light water reactors and generation IV gas-cooled fast reactors. Cr coated Zr cladding was tested in steam atmosphere up to 1200 °C to demonstrate moderate oxidation and hydrogen production in accident conditions. 15-15Ti stainless steel alloy and SiCf/SiC cladding tube samples were treated in helium atmosphere with different impurities for several hours at 1000 °C. Additional mechanical testing and microstructure examinations were carried out with as-received samples and with specimens after high temperature treatments. The experiments results indicated the applicability of the tested materials for reactor conditions in the investigated range of parameters.
Influence of 3D printing parameters
Authors: Ficzere P , Lukács N L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the influence of printing parameters have been investigated. The inner structure of 3D printed specimens were captured by a scanning electron microscope and these records were investigated by a CAD software. The mechanical properties of 3D printed parts can be determined by the size changing of failures between layers. Additive manufacturing technologies have become widely used, for this reason the influence of printing parameters must be well known. Optimisation of production time and mechanical strength is possible with this method.
The effect of titanium dioxide on the moisture absorption of polyamide 6 prepared by T-RTM
Authors: Viktória Semperger Orsolya , Suplicz András 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the replacement of metal components with composites is becoming more and more common in the automotive industry. Thermoplastic composites are recyclable, which meets requirements. Impregnating the reinforcing material is difficult but caprolactam is a good choice because in melt state, it has similar viscosity to that of water. Polyamide 6 can be produced from caprolactam by ring opening in-situ polymerisation. We produced PA 6 samples from caprolactam using T-RTM. We examined the effects of the manufacturing parameters on morphology on residual monomer content and crystalline proportion. Then we filled the samples with TiO2and examined the same parameters. Finally, we tested the effects of crystallinity, residual monomer content and the filler on moisture absorption.
Deformability Tests of Pure Niobium
Authors: Mertinger V , Aviles Santillana I , Benke M , Gallifa Terricabras A , Hlavács A , Janovszky D , Kárpáti V , Krállics Gy , Mikó T , Palotás A B , Sepsi M , Szabó G , Szobota P , Szűcs M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A research team at the University of Miskolc’s Faculty of Materials Science and Technology has signed a cooperation agreement with the Geneva-based European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for testing of the materials employed in the Crab Cavities will be installed in the next generation of the LHC (the so-called High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider – HL-LHC). At the University of Miskolc, high purity niobium rolling experiments were carried out in conventional (unidirectional) and cross-rolled manners in order to increase the deep drawability of the final sheet. The deformability of niobium was measured by Watts-Ford and compression tests. The microstructure and anisotropy (texture) results of the initial material and the straight-rolled products are reported.
The effect of microstructure on the dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber and carbon nanotube reinforced multi-scale composites with a polyamide 6 matrix
Authors: Petrény R , Mészáros L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigated the microstructure and the related dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced, polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix multi-scale composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that in composites reinforced with only carbon nanotubes, the aggregated nanotubes have a moderate crystal nucleating effect. However, in the hybrids, the carbon fibers and the uniformly dispersed CNTs have a notable crystal nucleating effect. It means that a crystalline interphase is formed around both the carbon fibers and the carbon nanotubes. As the interphase has higher modulus than the bulk matrix, it has an additional reinforcing effect and transfers the load better to the microfibers. We confirmed this theory by dynamic mechanical analysis.