bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of qualitative research within the PRECISE study in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   the PRECISE Network, Daniele Marina A. S. , Martinez-Alvarez Melisa , Etyang Angela Koech , Vidler Marianne , Salisbury Tatiana , Makanga Prestige Tatenda , Musitia Peris , Flint-O’Kane Meriel , Brown Tanya Wells , Diallo Brahima Amara , Boene Helena , Stones William , von Dadelszen Peter , Magee Laura A. , Sandall Jane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe PRECISE Network is a cohort study established to investigate hypertension, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth (described as “placental disorders”) in Kenya, Mozambique and The Gambia. Several pregnancy or birth cohorts have been set up in low- and middle-income countries, focussed on maternal and child health. Qualitative research methods are sometimes used alongside quantitative data collection from these cohorts. Researchers affiliated with PRECISE are also planning to use qualitative methods, from the perspective of multiple subject areas. This paper provides an overview of the different ways in which qualitative research methods can contribute to achieving PRECISE’s objectives, and discusses the combination of qualitative methods with quantitative cohort studies more generally.We present planned qualitative work in six subject areas (health systems, health geography, mental health, community engagement, the implementation of the TraCer tool, and respectful maternity care). Based on these plans, with reference to other cohort studies on maternal and child health, and in the context of the methodological literature on mixed methods approaches, we find that qualitative work may have several different functions in relation to cohort studies, including informing the quantitative data collection or interpretation. Researchers may also conduct qualitative work in pursuit of a complementary research agenda. The degree to which integration between qualitative and quantitative methods will be sought and achieved within PRECISE remains to be seen. Overall, we conclude that the synergies resulting from the combination of cohort studies with qualitative research are an asset to the field of maternal and child health.
Survey of UK pet owners quantifying internal parasite infection risk and deworming recommendation implications
Authors: Pennelegion Christopher , Drake Jason , Wiseman Scott , Wright Ian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Dogs and cats in the UK are exposed to many internal parasites which can pose risks to the health of both the pet and their owners. By understanding these endemic parasites and the risks they pose, we can assess the lifestyle of pets and recommend the correct deworming frequency. Studies identifying risk factors were discussed in the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) guidelines. To this date, there has been very little information on how pet owners in the UK deworm their pets and if the protocols they follow align with ESCCAP recommendations. The objective of this study was to look at the current deworming protocols of UK cat and dog owners in conjunction with their lifestyle and risk.

Methods
An online survey was conducted in the UK targeting pet owners who own at least one dog and/or cat and were responsible for product purchase, the pet’s health care and veterinary visits. These survey results were analysed against the ESCCAP guidelines and each pet placed into a risk category. By comparing the current deworming frequency with that recommended for their risk category, the compliance of UK pet owners with ESCCAP recommendations was evaluated.

Results
A total of 500 dog owners and 500 cat owners completed surveys. Overall, the study found none of the pets fell into risk group A, with all pets meeting the risk level for at least deworming four times a year (risk group B and above). The majority of animals fell into the highest risk category D with 97% of dogs and 68% of cats. The average deworming per year in the UK was 3.1 for dogs and 3.1 cats, below the minimum recommended by ESCCAP.

Conclusions
For both felines and canines, the dosing frequencies are lower than recommended to both reduce zoonotic risk for reducing Toxocara spp. egg-shedding and improve pet health. This research highlights the need for improved education around dog and cat patient risk assessments and greater adherence to recommended deworming aligned with the ESCCAP guidelines.
Drinking or smoking while breastfeeding and later developmental health outcomes in children
Authors: Gibson Louisa , Porter Melanie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrenatal intake of alcohol and tobacco have been associated with negative outcomes in children. Consumption of alcohol while breastfeeding has also been associated with dose-dependent decreases in abstract reasoning ability and academic scores in children at later ages. Using longitudinal data from The Growing Up in Australia Study, the current study aimed to investigate whether intake of alcohol or tobacco while breastfeeding was related to later developmental health outcomes in children.ResultsMultivariable linear regression analyses were performed on a sample of 2008 babies who were actively breastfeeding at study entry and 4679 babies who had been breastfed at any time (actively breastfed babies combined with babies who had been previously breastfed). Only a diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder and Attention deficit disorder were associated with lower developmental health outcomes. Neither maternal alcohol consumption nor tobacco smoking while breastfeeding were associated with developmental health outcomes at 6–7 years old or 10–11 years old for either sample group. A relationship between maternal consumption of alcohol or tobacco smoking while breastfeeding and later developmental health outcomes in children was not identified.
Self-directed behaviors differentially explain associations between emotion dysregulation and eating disorder psychopathology in patients with or without objective binge-eating
Authors: Monell Elin , Clinton David , Birgegård Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmotion dysregulation and negative self-directed behaviors are key characteristics of eating disorders (EDs), but their interaction in relation to ED psychopathology is insufficiently explored, and empirically robust and clinically relevant models are needed.MethodsThis study examined whether the association between emotion dysregulation and ED psychopathology was mediated by different negative self-directed behaviors in 999 ED patients divided into two sub-samples based on absence or presence of objective binge-eating episodes (OBE). Several simple and extended mediation models were examined using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) as independent variable, the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) as mediator, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) as dependent variable.ResultsAn associational pathway was found where higher emotion dysregulation was associated with more negative self-directed behaviors, which in turn was associated with higher ED psychopathology. Self-directed behaviors of importance differed between patient groups. In participants without OBE, lower self-love and higher self-attack were influential, whereas in participants with OBE, lower self-affirmation and higher self-blame were influential.ConclusionsSelf-directed behaviors may help to explain the association between emotion dysregulation and ED psychopathology. Our findings have both theoretical and clinical implications that are pathology-specific. Addressing specific self-directed behaviors could be an important way of helping patients deal with their emotions in relation to ED psychopathology.
Metallic allergy requiring removal of iliac stent: report of a case
Authors: Guntani Atsushi , Kawakubo Eisuke , Yoshiga Ryosuke , Mii Shinsuke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of metallic stents, which are predominantly composed of nickel, in the treatment of patients with nickel allergy has not been well studied.

Case presentation
A patient who suffered from contact dermatitis due to implantation of an iliac stent was successfully treated by removing the stent that caused nickel allergy. The patient has exhibited no symptoms of claudication or severe pruritic rash in the 2-year follow-up period after iliac stent removal.

Conclusions
We herein report a case of nickel allergy in which a metallic iliac stent that was predominantly composed of nickel was removed. The patient showed a marked recovery from her contact dermatitis. In cases of suspected metallic allergy, it is necessary to consider revascularization without using a metal device.
Overweight & obese Australian adults and micronutrient deficiency
Authors: McKay Jenny , Ho Suleen , Jane Monica , Pal Sebely 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Micronutrients have been implicated as an important factor in regulating various metabolic processes and thus playing a role in the aetiology of obesity. Many studies have been conducted worldwide that clearly show a direct link between obesity and micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of overweight and obese Australian adults to see if there were any associations between BMI and serum micronutrient levels.

Methods
Baseline serum micronutrient data of overweight and obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 and aged between 18 and 65 years was compared to the clinical micronutrient reference ranges for associations between BMI and micronutrient status.

Results
There were significant negative associations between BMI and serum vitamin D (p = 0.044), folate (p = 0.025), magnesium (p = 0.010) and potassium (p = 0.023).

Conclusions
Overweight and obesity appears to impact on the bioavailability and utilisation of micronutrients with absorption, excretion, storage/distribution (fat sequestering, tissue dispersion), metabolism (catabolic losses, possibly oxidative), increased physiologic requirements, and lower absolute total dietary intake being the current theory for observed differences. While vitamins D, folate, magnesium and potassium showed a negative relationship to BMI, other micronutrients did not. This may be explained by the fortification of certain processed foods, or the possibility of overweight and obese people eating more to satisfy their nutritional requirements.
Improving social function with real-world social-cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Results from the RemedRugby quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Dubreucq Julien , Gabayet Franck , Ycart Bernard , Faraldo Megane , Melis Fanny , Lucas Thierry , Arnaud Benjamin , Bacconnier Mickael , Bakri Motassem , Cambier Gentiane , Carmona Florian , Chereau Isabelle , Challe Titaua , Morel Sophie , Pires Sylvie , Roussel Celine , Lamy Philippe , Legrand Guillaume , Pages Emmanuelle , Pommier Romain , Rey Romain , Souchet Yohan , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Massoubre Catherine ,   the RemedRugby Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground.Functional capacity (FC) has been identified as a key outcome to improve real-world functioning in schizophrenia. FC is influenced by cognitive impairments, negative symptoms, self-stigma and reduced physical activity (PA). Psychosocial interventions targeting FC are still under-developed.Methods.we conducted a quasi-experimental study evaluating the effects of an exercise-enriched integrated social cognitive remediation (SCR) intervention (RemedRugby [RR]) compared with an active control group practicing Touch Rugby (TR). To our knowledge, this is the first trial to date evaluating the effectiveness of such a program provided in a real-life environment.Results.Eighty-seven people with schizophrenia were included and allocated to either the RR group (n= 57) or the TR group (n= 30) according to the routine clinical practice of the recruiting center. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and post-treatment in both groups and after 6 months of follow-up in the RR group using standardized scales for symptom severity, social functioning, self-stigma, and a large cognitive battery. After treatment we observed moderate to large improvements in social function (Personal and Social Performance Scale [PSP],p< 0.001,d= 1.255), symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] negative,p< 0.001,d= 0.827; PANSS GP,p< 0.001,d= 0.991; PANSS positive,p= 0.009,d= 0.594), verbal abstraction (p= 0.008,d= 0.554), aggression bias (p= 0.008,d= 0.627), and self-stigma (stereotype endorsement,p= 0.019,d= 0.495; discrimination experiences,p= 0.047;d= 0.389) that were specific to the RR group and were not observed in participants playing only TR. Effects were persistent over time and even larger between post-treatment and follow-up.Conclusions.Exercise-enriched integrated SCR appears promising to improve real-life functioning in schizophrenia. Future research should investigate the potential effects of this intervention on neuroplasticity and physical fitness.
Lean Lobectomy: Streamlining Video-Assisted Lobectomy to Increase the Value of Lung Cancer Care
Authors: Yeo Jane H. , Shariati Nazly M. , Pelz Geoffrey B. , Dozier Jordan M. , Rizk Nabil P. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE: A review of the outcomes of patients who received our video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lung lobectomy in 2015 revealed long lengths of stay, inefficient care transitions, and overuse of resources. Focused process redesign offers a proven method for instituting improvement and changes in health care. We sought to use systems process improvement to streamline VATS lobectomies at our institution, and we targeted cost drivers to optimize quality of care and minimize overuse of resources. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of perioperative practices between January 2015 and March 2016 for patients undergoing VATS lobectomy that helped establish a value stream map, used a granular cost database, and performed real-time analysis. We used an outcomes database, which allowed us to identify cost drivers, practice variability, and rent seeking. We implemented process redesign with constant review and formal value stream reanalysis at 6-month intervals over a 2-year period. RESULTS: We ultimately experienced an overall 187% reduction of time in the operating room (297 v 159 minutes). Our process redesign also resulted in significantly fewer chest x-rays per patient (mean, 6.7 v 2), laboratory draws (100% v 5.7%), and consultations (100% v 5.7%), which resulted in a 234% reduction in mean length of stay (4.4 v 1.88 days) and an overall cost reduction of 40%. These changes did not have a detrimental effect on patient outcomes: pulmonary complications (16.9% v 8.6%), cardiac complications (13.2% v 8.6%), and readmission rates (13.6% v 2.9%) all decreased. CONCLUSION: By using value stream analysis and process redesign methodologies, closely paired with highly granular cost and outcomes data, we were able to achieve significant improvements in patient outcomes and use of resources.
Electric field effect on spin waves: Role of magnetic moment current
Authors: Basso Vittorio , Ansalone Patrizio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We show that a static electric field E

x
gives rise to a shift of the spin wave dispersion relation

in the direction of the wave number q

y
of the quantity

. This effect is caused by the magnetic moment current carried by the spin wave itself which generates an additional phase proportional to the electric field, as in the Aharonov-Casher effect. This effect is independent of the possibly present magneto-electric effects of insulating ferromagnets and superimposes to them.
Effect of Spacer Length in Naphthobispyrazine-Based π-Conjugated Polymers on Properties, Thin Film Structures, and Photovoltaic Performances
Authors: Mikie Tsubasa , Teshima Yoshikazu , Okamoto Kenta , Osaka Itaru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Incorporation of an electron-deficient building unit based on a large π-system into the polymer backbone is a powerful strategy for the development of high-performance π-conjugated polymers. The naphthobispyrazine (NPz) tetracyclic π-electron system is a promising electron-deficient building unit but its use in π-conjugated polymers has seldom been investigated. Here, we synthesized four NPz-based π-conjugated polymers with different donor units, namely thiophene (P1), bithiophene (P2), terthiophene (P3), and quaterthiophene (P4), and systematically studied their structure-property relationships. The absorption range was significantly red-shifted when the spacer length was longer than bithiophene due to the decreased steric hindrance between the NPz moieties. Furthermore, the crystallinity in the polymer thin films was dramatically improved when the spacer length was longer than terthiophene. These results clearly affect the efficiency of polymer/fullerene-based solar cells, with the maximum efficiency of 4.4% obtained using P3. This study may be helpful for the design of NPz-based π-conjugated polymers with improved performance.
How Credible Is Online Physical Activity Advice? The Accuracy of Free Adult Educational Materials
Authors: Thomas Jafrā D. , Cardinal Bradley J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The study purpose was to determine the rate that free online educational resources presented at least one message consistent with national physical activity guidelines (PAGs). We also tested if message consistency varied by production source.

Methods
The Google search engine and lay adult search strategies were used to locate freely available web articles focused on physical activity promotion, written in English, used text as the primary communication medium, and produced by a commercial, government, professional association, or voluntary health agency organization. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 18 to 64 yr of age were used to appraise the credibility of messages in web articles.

Results
A sample of 72 web articles published or updated between 2008 and 2018 (M = 2016.34, SD = 2.02) was obtained, all of which presented PAG-related messages. The rate that web articles lacked at least one consistent message ranged from 61.1% to 100% for the 17 PAGs considered. Per the χ
2 goodness-of-fit test, the level of inconsistency was significant for 15 PAGs (P < 0.05). Per the χ
2 test, production source was associated with consistency for five PAGs, all related to aerobic (endurance) physical activity (P ≤ 0.05, V ≥ 0.30); otherwise, the rate of web article inconsistency was similar between production sources (P > 0.05, V = 0.11–0.26). The lowest rate of web article consistency (M ≈ 3%) involved PAGs for adults with sedentary or modestly active lifestyles.

Conclusion
Knowledge translation of PAGs is low in free resources that are available online, irrespective of production source. Implications of our results to physical activity equity are discussed, and future research recommendations are provided.
Evaluation of basic surgical skill workshop at undergraduate level in the discipline of surgery
Authors: Yunus Maliha , Ghani Zeeshan , Muhammad Ch. Ihtasham , Akram Ayesha 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of basic surgical skill workshop at under graduate level.
Methods: This was randomized controlled study (cross-over design) conducted at Al-Nafees Medical College and hospital from 1st January to November 30th 2017. Undergraduate medical students of Year-5 MBBS were randomized into two groups to undergo surgical skills training. One was workshop or interventional Group-A, other was traditional teaching or control Group-B. Online random sampling calculator was used for randomization. Both groups were given a pretest and post-test in the form of two OSATS station.
Results: Total 49 students were enrolled in the study; Group-A had 25 whereas Group-B had 24 students. There was significant difference (p=0.000) in mean post-test scores of Group-A (36.28±6.75) and Group-B (24.17±5.09) out of 53 on OSATS station-1. Significant statistical difference (p=0.000) in the mean score of post-tests of Group-A (26.08±18.34) and Group-B (14.42±9.24) out of 37 was also noted on OSATS station-2. There was no significant difference in mean pretest scores on both stations in both groups.
Conclusions: This study has suggestions in development of curriculum as it provides a quantitative substantiation indicating that workshop teaching as a learning strategy can essentially augment traditional teaching of technical skills to undergraduate medical students.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1792
How to cite this:Yunus M, Ghani Z, Muhammad Ch. I, Akram A. Evaluation of basic surgical skill workshop at undergraduate level in the discipline of surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):609-614. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1792
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Metallothionein expression on oysters (Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java
Authors: Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Kusriani Kusriani , Indrayani Erlinda , Yona Defri , Putra Renanda Baghaz Dzulhamdhani Surya 
Published: April 2020

Background:This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oystersCrassostrea cuculataandCrassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both species of oysters.Methods:The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.Results:Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in stomach tissue compared to gill tissue.Conclusions:The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.
DESCOBRINDO O GOSTO PELA LEITURA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM O PROJETO “LEITURA EM FAMÍLIA” / Discovering a taste for reading: an experience with the “family reading” project
Authors: Pereira Chagas Rafaella , Leite Lopes Saldanha Diana Maria , Pessoa Sampaio Maria Lucia 
Published: April 2020

Esse trabalho versa sobre as mediações de leitura realizadas no projeto “Leitura em família”, aplicado em uma escola pública do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Objetivou-se compreender em que medida o projeto contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do gosto pela leitura de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo participante, tendo como instrumentos para construção dos dados a observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e diário de campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os alunos, a professora e três mães de estudantes da turma investigada. A proposta fundamentou-se nas ideias de Cosson (2009), Martins (2007), Silva (2009) e Saldanha(2013), que apresentam o conceito de leitura como uma prática social; Villardi (1999), que discute sobre a importância do desenvolvimento do gosto pela leitura literária para a formação do leitor; Vygotsky (2007) e Garcia (2007), para entender a mediação de leitura na escola. O estudo evidenciou a relevância de se trabalhar com mediações e projetos de leitura em sala de aula, considerando-se, de acordo com os sujeitos investigados, que esses tipos de atividades viabilizam o despertar do gosto pela leitura e possibilitam que seja ativado o processo de formação de leitores. Nesse processo, a cada ação desenvolvida os alunos são estimulados a novas leituras, motivados pelo prazer e pelas descobertas presentes no ato de ler.