bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between dementia and gut microbiome-associated metabolites: a cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Saji Naoki , Murotani Kenta , Hisada Takayoshi , Kunihiro Tadao , Tsuduki Tsuyoshi , Sugimoto Taiki , Kimura Ai , Niida Shumpei , Toba Kenji , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDysregulation of the gut microbiome is associated with dementia. However, the relationship between microbiome-associated metabolites and dementia has yet to be identified. Outpatients visiting a memory clinic in Japan enrolled in this cross-sectional study; 107 subjects were eligible for the study, 25 of which had dementia. We collected demographics, activities of daily living, risk factors, cognitive function, and brain imaging data. The gut microbiome was assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Concentrations of faecal metabolite were measured. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify whether metabolites were independently related to dementia. The concentrations of metabolites were significantly different between subjects with and those without dementia. Every 1 standard deviation increment in faecal ammonia concentration was associated with around a 1.6-fold risk for the presence of dementia. A higher faecal lactic acid concentration was related to a lower risk of dementia, by around 60%. A combination of higher faecal ammonia and lactic acid concentrations was indicative of the presence of dementia, and had a similar predictive value as traditional biomarkers of dementia. Thus, faecal ammonia and lactic acid are related to dementia, independently of the other risk factors for dementia and dysregulation of the gut microbiome.
Clinical significance of combined circulating TERT promoter mutations and miR-122 expression for screening HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Trung Ngo Tat , Hoan Nghiem Xuan , Trung Pham Quang , Binh Mai Thanh , Van Tong Hoang , Toan Nguyen Linh , Bang Mai Hong , Song Le Huu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTelomerase reverse-transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutations in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as well as the levels of circulating microRNA-122 (miR-122) have been reported as potential noninvasive biomarkers for several. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of potent biomarker-based panels composing of serological AFP, miR-122 and circulating TERT promoter mutations for screening HBV-related HCC. TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) and miR-122 expression were assessed in the plasma samples from 249 patients with HBV-related liver diseases by nested PCR and qRT-PCR assays, respectively. The diagnostic values of TERT promoter mutations, miR-122 expression and biomarker-based panels were assessed by computation of the area under the curve (AUC). Nested-PCR assays were optimized to detect C228T and C250T mutations in TERT promoter with detection limit of 1%. The common hotspot C228T was observed in 22 HCC cases. The triple combinatory panel (AFP@TERT@miR-122) acquired the best diagnostic value to distinguish HCC from CHB (AUC = 0.98), LC (AUC = 0.88) or non-HCC (LC + CHB, AUC = 0.94) compared to the performance of double combinations or single biomarkers, respectively. Notably, among patients with AFP levels≤20 ng/μl, the double combination panel (TERT@miR-122) retains satisfactory diagnostic performance in discriminating HCC from the others (HCC vs. CHB, AUC = 0.96; HCC vs. LC, AUC = 0.88, HCC vs. non-HCC, AUC = 0.94). The triple combination panel AFP@TERT@miR-122 shows a better diagnostic performance for screening HCC in HBV patients, regardless of AFP levels. The newly established panels can be a potential application in clinical practice in Vietnamese setting.
Warming and acidification threaten glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus pumping and reef formation
Authors: Stevenson A. , Archer S. K. , Schultz J. A. , Dunham A. , Marliave J. B. , Martone P. , Harley C. D. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus contributes to the formation of large reefs unique to the Northeast Pacific Ocean. These habitats have tremendous filtration capacity that facilitates flow of carbon between trophic levels. Their sensitivity and resilience to climate change, and thus persistence in the Anthropocene, is unknown. Here we show that ocean acidification and warming, alone and in combination have significant adverse effects on pumping capacity, contribute to irreversible tissue withdrawal, and weaken skeletal strength and stiffness of A. vastus. Within one month sponges exposed to warming (including combined treatment) ceased pumping (50–60%) and exhibited tissue withdrawal (10–25%). Thermal and acidification stress significantly reduced skeletal stiffness, and warming weakened it, potentially curtailing reef formation. Environmental data suggests conditions causing irreversible damage are possible in the field at +0.5 °C above current conditions, indicating that ongoing climate change is a serious and immediate threat to A. vastus, reef dependent communities, and potentially other glass sponges.
Large area chemical vapour deposition grown transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers automatically characterized through photoluminescence imaging
Authors: Severs Millard Toby , Genco Armando , Alexeev Evgeny M. , Randerson Sam , Ahn Seongjoon , Jang A-Rang , Suk Shin Hyeon , Tartakovskii Alexander I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth is capable of producing multiple single-crystal islands of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) over large areas. Subsequent merging of perfectly epitaxial domains can lead to single-crystal monolayer sheets, a step towards scalable production of high quality TMDs. For CVD growth to be effectively harnessed for such production it is necessary to be able to rapidly assess the quality of material across entire large area substrates. To date, characterisation has been limited to sub-0.1-mm2 areas, where the properties measured are not necessarily representative of an entire sample. Here, we apply photoluminescence (PL) imaging and computer vision techniques to create an automated analysis for large area samples of monolayer TMDs, measuring the properties of island size, density of islands, relative PL intensity and homogeneity, and orientation of triangular domains. The analysis is applied to ×20 magnification optical microscopy images that completely map samples of WSe2 on hBN, 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm in size, and MoSe2–WS2 on SiO2/Si, 11.2 mm × 5.8 mm in size. Two prevailing orientations of epitaxial growth were observed in WSe2 grown on hBN and four predominant orientations were observed in MoSe2, initially grown on c-plane sapphire. The proposed analysis will greatly reduce the time needed to study freshly synthesised material over large area substrates and provide feedback to optimise growth conditions, advancing techniques to produce high quality TMD monolayer sheets for commercial applications.
AI-doscopist: a real-time deep-learning-based algorithm for localising polyps in colonoscopy videos with edge computing devices
Authors: Poon Carmen C. Y. , Jiang Yuqi , Zhang Ruikai , Lo Winnie W. Y. , Cheung Maggie S. H. , Yu Ruoxi , Zheng Yali , Wong John C. T. , Liu Qing , Wong Sunny H. , Mak Tony W. C. , Lau James Y. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have designed a deep-learning model, an “Artificial Intelligent Endoscopist (a.k.a. AI-doscopist)”, to localise colonic neoplasia during colonoscopy. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between endoscopists and AI-doscopist for colorectal neoplasm localisation. AI-doscopist was pre-trained by 1.2 million non-medical images and fine-tuned by 291,090 colonoscopy and non-medical images. The colonoscopy images were obtained from six databases, where the colonoscopy images were classified into 13 categories and the polyps’ locations were marked image-by-image by the smallest bounding boxes. Seven categories of non-medical images, which were believed to share some common features with colorectal polyps, were downloaded from an online search engine. Written informed consent were obtained from 144 patients who underwent colonoscopy and their full colonoscopy videos were prospectively recorded for evaluation. A total of 128 suspicious lesions were resected or biopsied for histological confirmation. When evaluated image-by-image on the 144 full colonoscopies, the specificity of AI-doscopist was 93.3%. AI-doscopist were able to localise 124 out of 128 polyps (polyp-based sensitivity = 96.9%). Furthermore, after reviewing the suspected regions highlighted by AI-doscopist in a 102-patient cohort, an endoscopist has high confidence in recognizing four missed polyps in three patients who were not diagnosed with any lesion during their original colonoscopies. In summary, AI-doscopist can localise 96.9% of the polyps resected by the endoscopists. If AI-doscopist were to be used in real-time, it can potentially assist endoscopists in detecting one more patient with polyp in every 20–33 colonoscopies.
mTOR up-regulation of SNRPA1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Feng Jing , Guo Jian , Zhao Pengyu , Shen Jing , Chai Baofeng , Wang Junping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent studies showed that snRNPs were implicated in human cancer development. The role of SNRPA1, which is a member of U2 snRNPs, in HCC, remains undocumented. Here, we found that SNRPA1 was highly expressed in HCC tissue compared with normal adjacent liver tissues. Up-regulation of SNRPA1 was correlated with the clinical stage of HCC and the overall survival of HCC patients. In vitro and in vivo results showed that knockdown of SNPRA1 inhibited the cell proliferation, colony formation and xenografted tumorigenesis of HCC cells. Apoptosis was induced by SNPRA1 down-regulation. Mechanistically, SNPRA1 was stimulated by mTOR activation. In addition, whole-genome microarray analysis identified that 262 genes were up-regulated and 462 genes were down-regulated by SNPRA1 knockdown in HCC cells. qPCR analysis suggested that the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), β-catenin, Ki-67 and cyclin B1 were down-regulated and caspase 3, p53 as well as p21 were up-regulated after SNRPA1 knockdown. Taken together, our findings implicate that SNPRA1 functions as an oncogene in HCC.
The Relationship Between Lexical and Phonological Development in French-Speaking Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kehoe Margaret M. , Patrucco-Nanchen Tamara , Friend Margaret , Zesiger Pascal 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study examines the influence of lexical and phonological factors on expressive lexicon size in 40 French-speaking children tested longitudinally from 22 to 48 months. The factors include those based on the lexical and phonological properties of words in the children's lexicons (phonetic complexity, word length, neighborhood density [ND], and word frequency [WF]) as well as variables measuring phonological production (percent consonants correct and phonetic inventory size). Specifically, we investigate the relative influence of these factors at individual ages, namely, 22, 29, 36, and 48 months, and which factors measured at 22 and 29 months influence lexicon size at 36 and 48 months.MethodChildren were selected based on parent-reported vocabulary size. We included children with low, medium, and high vocabulary scores. The children's lexicons were coded in terms of phonetic complexity, word length, ND, and WF, and their phonological production skills were based on measures of percent consonants correct and phonetic inventory size extracted from spontaneous speech samples at 29, 36, and 48 months. In the case of ND and WF, we focused on one- and two-syllable nouns.ResultsAcross the age range, the most important factor that explained variance in lexicon size was the WF of nouns. Children who selected low-frequency nouns had larger vocabularies across all ages (22–48 months). The WF of two-syllable nouns and phonological production measured at 29 months influenced lexicon size at 36 months, whereas the WF (of one- and two-syllable words) influenced lexicon size at 48 months.ConclusionsThe findings support the role of WF and phonological production in explaining expressive vocabulary development. Children enlarge their vocabularies by adding nouns of increasingly lower frequency. Phonological production plays a role in accounting for vocabulary size up until the age of 36 months.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12291074
Effects of an injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin on Onchocerca ochengi in zebu cattle
Authors: Boussinesq Michel , Enyong Peter , Chounna-Ndongmo Patrick , Njouendou Abdel-Jelil , Pion Sébastien David , Rech Anthony , Roberge Christophe , Gaudriault Georges , Wanji Samuel 
Published: May 2020

The availability of a safe macrofilaricidal drug would help to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination. A trial was conducted in Cameroon to evaluate the effects of a subcutaneous injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin (LAFI) on the microfilariae (mf) and adult stages of Onchocerca ochengi. Ten zebu cattle naturally infected with the parasite were injected subcutaneously with either 500 mg (group A, N = 4), or 1000 mg long-acting ivermectin (group B, N = 4) or the vehicle (group C, N = 2). Skin samples were collected from each animal before, and 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment to measure microfilarial densities (MFDs). Nodules excised before, and 6 and 12 months after treatment were examined histologically to assess the adult worms’ viability and reproductive status. Blood samples were collected at pre-determined time-points to obtain pharmacokinetic data. Before treatment, the average O. ochengi MFDs were similar in the three groups. Six months after treatment, all animals in groups A and B were free of skin mf, whereas those in group C still showed high MFDs (mean = 324.5 mf/g). Only one ivermectin-treated animal (belonging to group A) had skin mf 12 months after treatment (0.9 mf/g). At 24 months, another animal in group A showed skin mf (10.0 mf/g). The histologic examination of nodules at 6 and 12 months showed that LAFI was not macrofilaricidal but had a strong effect on embryogenesis. The new LAFI regimen might be an additional tool to accelerate the elimination of human onchocerciasis in specific settings.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Bein Berthold , Bachmann Martin , Huggett Susanne , Wegermann Petra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic posing serious challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 – 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Mortality is about 1 – 2%. Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and adequate management of organ failure are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies are evolving with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, no evidence-based recommendation is possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported.
Herbal Products in Postsurgical Wound Healing – Incision, Excision and Dead Space Wound Models
Authors: Herman Anna , Herman Andrzej P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge acquired on preclinical (incision, excision, and dead space wound models) and clinical studies regarding topically used herbal products with wound healing activity. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms of their action as well as the adverse effects of herbal therapy will be described. Numerous preclinical and few clinical trials have confirmed the activity of herbal products in the stimulation of wound healing. In contrast to synthetic drugs, for which chemical compositions, purity, efficacy, minimal active concentration, and toxicity are well specified, several herbal formulations require further investigations. Nevertheless, it cannot be precluded that herbal products may be considered as an important support during conventional wound healing therapy or even as synthetic medicament replacements.
INCIDENCE OF LOSS OF ANTERIOR TEETH DUE TO CARIES IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION IN 2009
Authors: Ashwitha Punja , Hegde Mithra N. , Hegde Nidarsh D. , Hegde Nanditha , Prince Jemsily 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the incidence of loss of anterior teeth due to caries in 2000 patients randomly selected from the South Indian population in 2009.
Material and Methods: 2000 patients were examined for incidence of loss of anterior teeth due to caries and the recorded data was statistically analysed using Pearson Chi-Square test.
Results:Incidence of loss of anterior teeth due to caries in the population of South Canara district was found to be 16.3 %. It was observed that there was increased incidence of loss of anterior teeth in age group above 65 years. No difference in incidence of anterior tooth loss was observed between urban and rural patients and also between males and females. There was high rate of replacement for the missing lost anterior teeth.
Conclusion: This study showed that less than one fourth population of South Canara district had missing anterior tooth due to caries. Since anterior teeth occupies a strategic position in the dental arch, it is necessary to know the caries prevalence in this tooth and take adequate measures to prevent its progression and/or development of new carious lesions.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER SPECIES AMONG HOSPITALISED PATIENTS
Authors: H. Sanjeev , N. Swathi , Pai Asha , R. Rekha , K. Vimal , R. Ganesh H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction:Acinetobacter species have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens and have been known to cause different kinds of opportunistic infections. Acinetobacter species cause a wide variety of illness in debilitated and hospitalized patients especially in intensive care units (ICU). Because of frequent resistance to aminoglycoside's, fluoroquinolone's, ureidopenicillin's and third generation cephalosporin's, carbapenem are important agents in managing Acinetobacter infections.
Material and Methods: A systematic retrospective analysis was performed on culture positive urinary tract infections among hospitalized patients between January 2010-December 2012. Significant isolates of Acinetobacter species were included in the study and was further analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility, associated risk factors, underlying debility and co-morbid conditions.
Results:Among the 2240 culture positive samples, Acinetobacter species was isolated from 46 patients with UTI. Tigecyline was found to be the antibiotic with highest susceptibility (91%) followed by Imipenem(69.5%), Meropenem (67.3%) and Gatilfoxacin (63%). The six patients who expired had disseminated infection with highly resistant strains of Acinetobacter species. Mechanical ventilation was the predominant risk factor for severe and disseminated infection.
Conclusion:Acinetobacter infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter are common in hospitals, especially in ICU's. A feasible hospital antibiotic policy and strict adherence to it, rigorous surveillance and good hospital infection control programme is needed to control the increasing incidence of highly resistant Acinetobacter infections.
CULTURAL BELIEFS AND SPIRITUAL WELLBEING AMONG WOMEN EXPERIENCING RELIGIOUS TRANCE
Authors: Blessy Valsarj Prabha ,   Savitha
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Every culture has unique ways of beliefs and practices with regard to religion and spirituality. Many rituals like possession, religious trance that are prevalent in society are considered normal especially when performed in a close community or group. Spirit possession is a culturally sanctioned, heavily institutionalized and symbolically invested means of expression in action for various ego dystonic impulses and thoughts.1

Aim: was to assess the cultural beliefs and spiritual wellbeing among women experiencing religious trance.
Methods: A descriptive correlative survey design was used. Thirty one women who had experienced religious trance on the day of 'Siri jaatre' (Annual festival held in the temple) at Sree Veerabhadra Swamy temple, Hiriadka were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for the study were Demographic Proforma, Cultural Belief Scale and Spiritual Wellbeing Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of the data.
Results: Majority women were illiterate (67.7%), coolie workers (61.3%) and married (93.5%). All the women (100%) had high cultural beliefs and high spiritual wellbeing. There was high correlation (r=0.624) between cultural beliefs and spiritual wellbeing.
CHELOSCOPY-A UNIQUE FORENSIC TOOL
Authors: M. Sharma S. , Shalini Krishnan , Akshari Anchan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdentity is a characteristic that is unique to every individual. It is an important factor in cases of theft, criminal investigations of the dead or missing, mass disasters both by natural causes and by criminal intent – with this as our day to day reality, the establishment and verification of human identity has become extremely important. DNA and fingerprints are clearly the favored methods of identification, but, they require a prior record and verifiable baseline for comparison. When these tools cannot be used it is necessary to employ those biological factors with higher variation and lower diagnostic probability. Chelioscopy is one among them.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF UNDER NUTRITION AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN A RURAL COMMUNITY
Authors: M. Shreyaswi Sathyanath , Rashmi Rashmi , Kiran N. Udaya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildren of today are citizens of tomorrow; the young child under 5 years is most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. Hence the assessment of the ground reality as reflected by the statistics on nutritional status of children becomes very significant in this context.The study was done to determine the prevalence of under-5 under nutrition and to identify the major child factors contributing to the development of under nutrition among the under 5 children.This was a cross sectional study conducted in the rural community of Nitte, a field practice area of Department of Community medicine, K S Hegde Medical Academy among all the children of the anganwadis under ICDS scheme. A total of 133 under 5 children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect nutritional status.The overall prevalence of under-5 under nutrition was found to be high at 63.16%. More girls were undernourished compared to boys, lower grades of undernourishment were more common and the prevalence of under nutrition increased with increasing age. There was a higher prevalence of underweight in children born with low birth weight, born premature, those children not exclusively breast fed and on improper complementary feeds. Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation of the under-5 children status was highly satisfactory.