bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal plasticity of thermal tolerance in ants
Authors: Bujan Jelena , Roeder Karl A. , Yanoviak Stephen P. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnalyses of heat tolerance in insects often suggest that this trait is relatively invariant, leading to the use of fixed thermal maxima in models predicting future distribution of species in a warming world. Seasonal environments expose populations to a wide annual temperature variation. To evaluate the simplifying assumption of invariant thermal maxima, we quantified heat tolerance of 26 ant species across three seasons that vary two‐fold in mean temperature. Our ultimate goal was to test the hypothesis that heat tolerance tracks monthly temperature. Ant foragers tested at the end of the summer, in September, had higher average critical thermal maximum (CTmax) compared to those in March and December. Four out of five seasonal generalists, species actively foraging in all three focal months, had, on average, 6°C higher CTmax in September. The invasive fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was among the thermally plastic species, but the native thermal specialists still maintained higher CTmax than S. invicta. Our study shows that heat tolerance can be plastic, and this should be considered when examining species‐level adaptations. Moreover, the plasticity of thermal traits, while potentially costly, may also generate a competitive advantage over species with fixed traits and promote resilience to climate change.
Tree diversity promotes growth of late successional species despite increasing deer damage in a restored forest
Authors: Devaney John L. , Pullen Jamie , Cook‐Patton Susan C. , Burghardt Karin T. , Parker John D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of tree diversity in restored forests and its impact on key ecological processes like growth and resistance to herbivory has become increasingly important. We analyzed height growth and white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus browsing damage to saplings of 16 broadleaved tree species in a large‐scale (13 ha) reforestation experiment in Maryland, USA, where we manipulated tree diversity in 70 1,225‐m2 plots. After four growing seasons, higher plot‐level tree richness led to increased deer browsing damage (i.e., associational susceptibility). Despite increased deer damage to saplings in mixed plots, tree richness had no overall effect on sapling height growth. However, diversity–height relationships were related to species functional traits. Light demanding species with large leaves and faster growth rates had reduced heights in mixtures, whereas shade‐tolerant, slower‐growing species generally had either increased or unchanged height growth in diverse tree communities, likely related to increased canopy closure in mixtures relative to monocultures. We show that tree diversity can improve growth of late successional species despite exacerbated mammalian herbivore damage. By facilitating the establishment of species with a range of life‐history strategies, increased tree diversity may enhance ecosystem multi‐functionality in the early stages of forest restoration.
Research on motor with nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy stator cores
Authors: Nonaka Tsuyoshi , Zeze Shingo , Makino Shogo , Ohto Motomichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe built a prototype motor with NANOMET stator cores. NANOMET is one of the several nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys [1]. The motor iron loss and other characteristics of NANOMET were compared with 35A360, which is one of the widely used conventional electromagnetic steel sheets, and the effectiveness of the new material is shown. This paper describes the methods to build NANOMET stator cores, and presents the evaluation results of the prototype motor.
Heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction: pro and cons of the new classification of Heart Failure by European Society of Cardiology guidelines
Authors: Branca Luca , Sbolli Marco , Metra Marco , Fudim Marat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrently, the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the cornerstone of the classification of patients with heart failure (HF). The mid‐range LVEF (HFmrEF) category was identified in an attempt to uncover specific characteristics of these patients. So far, the analysis of trials, registries, and observational studies have demonstrated that patients with mid‐range LVEF belong to a patient cohort with generally intermediate clinical profile as compared with other groups but with a remarkable variety of intrinsic phenotypes. This is due to the limitations of LVEF as the sole criterion to categorize patients with HF and characterize their prognosis, above all when it is >40%. To better define the HFmrEF phenotype, it is reasonable to consider other parameters, such as LVEF changes over time, HF aetiology, co‐morbidities, and other imaging parameters. A multiparametric evaluation may contextualize a patient with HFmrEF in a more defined phenotype with a specific prognosis.
Mitochondrial Respiratory Inhibition Promoted by Pyraclostrobin in Fungi is Also Observed in Honey Bees
Authors: Nicodemo Daniel , Mingatto Fábio Erminio , De Jong David , Bizerra Paulo Francisco Veiga , Tavares Marco Aurélio , Bellini William Cesar , Vicente Eduardo Festozo , de Carvalho Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There is no use restriction associated with bees for many fungicides used in agriculture; however, this does not always mean that these pesticides are harmless for these nontarget organisms. We investigated whether the fungicide pyraclostrobin, which acts on fungal mitochondria, also negatively affects honey bee mitochondrial bioenergetics. Honey bees were collected from 5 hives and anesthetized at 4 °C. The thoraces were separated, and mitochondria were isolated by grinding, filtering, and differential centrifugation. An aliquot of 0.5 mg of mitochondrial proteins was added to 0.5 mL of a standard reaction medium with 4 mM succinate (complex II substrate) plus 50 nM rotenone (complex I inhibitor), and mitochondrial respiration was measured at 30 °C using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined spectrofluorimetrically using safranin O as a probe, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis was determined by chemiluminescence. Pyraclostrobin at 0 to 50 μM was tested on the mitochondrial preparations, with 3 repetitions. Pyraclostrobin inhibited mitochondrial respiration in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10 μM and above, demonstrating typical inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Pyraclostrobin also promoted a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential at doses of 5 μM and above and in ATP synthesis at 15 μM and above. We conclude that pyraclostrobin interferes with honey bee mitochondrial function, which is especially critical for the energy-demanding flight activity of foraging bees. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1267–1272. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
When the fungicide pyraclostrobin is applied to crops, bees can also be affected, as this pesticide, whose mode of action is inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in fungi, has a similar effect on bee mitochondria. ATP = adenosine triphosphate.
Superpixel with nanoscale imaging and boosted deep convolutional neural network concept for lung tumor classification
Authors: Rani K. Vijila , Jawhar S. Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung tumor is a complex illness caused by irregular lung cell growth. Earlier tumor detection is a key factor in effective treatment planning. When assessing the lung computed tomography, the doctor has many difficulties when determining the precise tumor boundaries. By offering the radiologist a second opinion and helping to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of tumor detection, the use of computer‐aided diagnosis could be near as effective. In this research article, the proposed Lung Tumor Detection Algorithm consists of four phases: image acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, and classification. The Advance Target Map Superpixel‐based Region Segmentation Algorithm is proposed for segmentation purposes, and then the tumor region is measured using the nanoimaging theory. Using the concept of boosted deep convolutional neural network yields 97.3% precision, image recognition can be achieved. In the types of literature with the current method, which shows the study's proposed efficacy, the implementation of the proposed approach is found dramatically.
Utility of clinical‐focused multiple mini interviews during postgraduate year one pharmacy residency interviews
Authors: Austin Szwak Jennifer , Bondi Deborah S. , Knoebel Randall , Soni Hailey P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionDetermining a candidate's clinical skills from an interview can be challenging with traditional interviewing techniques. Identifying techniques to objectively, reliably, and efficiently screen candidates is critical given the increasing number of postgraduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy residency applicants. Multiple mini interviews (MMIs) are one technique shown to correlate with clinical performance in the medical field; however, limited data exists for evaluating pharmacy residency candidates.ObjectivesTo determine if incorporating a clinical‐focused MMI would distinguish candidates who demonstrate stronger clinical skills during their PGY1 residency.MethodsThis retrospective review compared the clinical MMI and traditional interview scores of all interviewed candidates from January 2015 to March 2017 and clinical performance of residents who matched at our institution. For candidates who matched at our institution, a clinical performance ranking (CPR) of each resident was determined by the PGY1 Residency Program Director based on a subjective rank of overall clinical skills. All candidates who matched at our institution had clinical MMI and traditional interview scores compared with the CPR using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Clinical MMI and traditional interview scores were also compared with the final rank list quartiles for all candidates with a one‐way ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively.ResultsFor candidates matching at our institutions, clinical MMI scores strongly correlated with their CPR during the residency year (R2 = 0.7149), while traditional interview scores were very weak (R2 = 0.0818). Both clinical MMI and traditional interview scores of all candidates differed significantly between each quartile on the final rank list (P < .05 for all comparisons).ConclusionFor residency candidates that matched at our institution, clinical MMI interview performance strongly correlated with CPR while traditional interview scores did not. Data from multiple centers is needed to better assess if clinical MMI scores can reliably predict a residency candidate's future clinical performance.
lncRNA SNHG11 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration via activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Shaoxia , Yang Ningning , Wang Li , Wei Bing , Chen Jiayao , Gao Yonghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung cancer ranks topmost among the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Despite increasing research, there are still unresolved mysteries in the molecular mechanism of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 (SNHG11) was found to be upregulated in lung cancer and facilitated lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition progression while suppressed cell apoptosis. Moreover, the high expression of SNHG11 was correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients, TNM stage, and tumor size. Further assays demonstrated that SNHG11 functioned in lung cancer cells via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Subsequently, Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was found to be activated through SNHG11/miR‐4436a/CTNNB1 ceRNA axis. As inhibiting miR‐4436 could only partly rescue the suppression of cell function induced by silencing SNHG11, it was suspected that β‐catenin might enter cell nucleus through other pathways. Mechanism investigation proved that SNHG11 would directly bind with β‐catenin to activate classic Wnt pathway. Subsequently, in vivo tumorigenesis was also demonstrated to be enhanced by SNHG11. Hence, SNHG11 was found to promote lung cancer progression by activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in two different patterns, implying that SNHG11 might contribute to lung cancer treatment by acting as a therapeutic target.
Cytoprotective effects of antioxidant supplementation on mesenchymal stem cell therapy
Authors: Panahi Mohammad , Rahimi Bahareh , Rahimi Golbarg , Yew Low Teck , Saraygord‐Afshari Neda , Alizadeh Effat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are earmarked as perfect candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate into different cell types. However, their potential for application in regenerative medicine declines when the levels of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) increase from the physiological levels, a phenomenon which is at least inevitable in ex vivo cultures and air‐exposed damaged tissues. Increased levels of RONS can alter the patterns of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and inhibit proliferation, as well. Besides, oxidative stress enhances senescence and cell death, thus lowering the success rates of the MSC engraftment. Hence, in this review, we have selected some representatives of antioxidants and newly emerged nano antioxidants in three main categories, including chemical compounds, biometabolites, and protein precursors/proteins, which are proved to be effective in the treatment of MSCs. We will focus on how antioxidants can be applied to optimize the clinical usage of the MSCs and their associated signaling pathways. We have also reviewed several paralleled properties of some antioxidants and nano antioxidants which can be simultaneously used in real‐time imaging, scaffolding techniques, and other applications in addition to their primary antioxidative function.
LncRNA SNHG6 plays an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer and can be used as a prognostic biomarker for solid tumors
Authors: Yao Xiang , Lan Zhixian , Lai Qiuhua , Li Aimin , Liu Side , Wang Xinke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) has been recognized as an oncogene in numerous cancers and overexpression of SNHG6 was found to promote colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, we performed a meta‐analysis to examine the clinical importance of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG6. Moreover, comprehensive identification of RNA‐binding proteins‐mass spectrometry (ChIRP‐MS) was conducted to explore the carcinogenic mechanism of lncRNA SNHG6 in CRC. Fourteen studies conducted on 1,139 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. We also constructed the protein–protein interactive (PPI) network in string based on the ChIRP‐MS results and cytoscape was used to identify core modules in the PPI network, which were then analyzed using the bioinformatics websites, cancer single‐cell state atlas (CancerSEA) and G:profilter. The clinical outcomes of the meta‐analysis indicated that higher expression of SNHG6 was related with a poorer survival outcome (overall survival: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.48, 2.49; p < .0001; disease‐free survival: HR = 1.84; 95% Cl: 1.02, 3.34; p = .044), higher tumor stage (odds ratio [OR] = 3.35; 95% Cl: 2.57, 4.37; p < .0001), distant metastasis (OR = 1.83; 95% Cl: 1.11, 2.99; p = .017) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.33; 95% Cl: 0.93, 1.89; p = .119). The ChIRP‐MS results showed that core Module 1 of the PPI was significant in ribosomes and core Module 2 was mainly related to spliceosomes and messenger RNA processing. In conclusion, a higher expression of SNHG6 was found to be associated with a poorer survival outcome, high tumor stage, and distant metastasis in various solid tumors. SNHG6 was also found to be able to affect the processes of transcription and translation to promote CRC.
RETRACTED: RFC2, a direct target of miR‐744, modulates the cell cycle and promotes the proliferation of CRC cells
Authors: Hu Tao , Shen Hengyang , Li Jie , Yang Peng , Gu Qiou , Fu Zan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common digestive tract malignancy, which is characterized by high mortality, morbidity, and poor prognosis. Replication factor C subunit 2 (RFC2), one RFC family member, was reported to be related to various malignancies and plays an important role in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Nonetheless, the RFC2 biological role within CRC is still unknown. RFC2 expression profiles in CRC tissues were collected based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, whereas miR‐744 and RFC2 expression levels were detected in human CRC tissues. miR‐744 and RFC2 effects on the proliferation of CRC were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. RFC2 was recognized to be a direct miR‐744 target through luciferase reporter assay. RFC2 upregulation was observed within CRC tissues, and a high RFC2 level showed a correlation with poor clinicopathological symptoms. RFC2 knockdown inhibited CRC cell proliferation through promoting cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, which was achieved by cyclin E2 (CCNE2) downregulation in vivo and in vitro. miR‐744 was identified to be the tumor suppressor microRNA, which targeted RFC2 directly for inhibiting the proliferation of CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. miR‐744 downregulation was detected within CRC tissue, and messenger RNA expression showed a negative correlation with RFC2 expression within CRC tissues. Our study demonstrates that the miR‐744/RFC2/CCNE2 axis potentially provides a candidate for a treatment strategy for CRC.
β2 adrenoceptor signaling regulates ion transport in 16HBE14o‐ human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Gang , Yip Chung‐Yin , Pan Ke‐wu , Cai Meng‐yun , Ko Wing‐Hung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the regulation of Cl− secretion by adrenoceptors in polarized 16HBE14o‐ human bronchial epithelial cells. Treatment with the nonselective β adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline stimulated an increase in short‐circuit current (ISC), which was inhibited by the β adrenoceptor blocker propranolol. Treatment with procaterol, an agonist specific for the β2 adrenoceptor subtype, stimulated a similar increase in ISC, which was inhibited by the β2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118551. Inhibitors of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium‐activated Cl− channel (CaCC), but not K+ channel blockers, were able to inhibit the increase in ISC. “Trimultaneous” recording of ISC and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca2+ levels in 16HBE14o‐ epithelia confirmed that the ISC induced by isoprenaline or procaterol involved both cAMP and Ca2+ signaling. Our results demonstrate that β2 adrenoceptors regulate Cl− secretion in the human airway epithelium by activating apical CFTRs and CaCCs via cAMP‐dependent and intracellular Ca2+‐dependent mechanisms, respectively.
A simple methodology to estimate plant volume in nitrous oxide emission studies
Authors: Mateo‐Marín Noemí , Isla Ramón , Quílez Dolores 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClosed‐chamber methodology is widely used for the estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agricultural systems. The volume displaced by plants inside chambers influences GHG flux estimation, although generally it is not discounted from chamber headspace in the calculation. A novel image analysis–based procedure is proposed to estimate plant volume and to assess its impact on nitrous oxide (N2O) flux estimations in a wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Rimbaud’) crop. A maximum of 2.2% of the 13‐L chambers was displaced by plants, leading to a systematic 0.9% overestimation in cumulative N2O emissions if plant volume was not considered. Thus, plant canopy volume should be taken into account for improving the accuracy of emissions.
The evolution of specialized dentition in the deep‐sea lanternfishes (Myctophiformes)
Authors: Martin Rene P. , Davis Matthew P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe evolution of heterodonty, the possession of varied tooth morphologies on the jaws of animals, has been relatively unexplored in ray‐finned fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates, and to an even lesser degree in deep‐sea fish lineages. Lanternfishes (Myctophiformes) are an abundant and species‐rich group endemic to deep‐sea pelagic habitats. In this study, we document the presence of heterodonty on the oral jaws of lanternfishes, identifying differing anatomical and positional variations of dentition. We survey the anatomical variation in tooth morphology on the oral jaws of 114 lanternfish species across 37 genera and integrate our findings with a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships of lanternfishes to infer the number of times heterodonty evolved in this lineage. Our results indicate that heterodonty evolved at least six separate times on the oral jaws of lanternfishes, occurring as variable tooth morphologies in combination with villiform teeth. These combinations of tooth types include villiform plus hooked teeth, villiform plus hooked and recurved teeth, villiform plus spade, tricuspid, and hooked teeth, and villiform plus caniniform teeth. The reoccurring evolution of hooked teeth on the premaxilla and dentary in lanternfishes suggests heterodonty may serve an important functional role in their pelagic deep‐sea environment. Hooked teeth could aid in securing and retaining prey in the oral cavity and allow for species to specialize on differing food resources, vital attributes for organisms living in open‐ocean habitats.
Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Yinghao , Liu Xiaoling , Xiong Lijuan , Cai Kailin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has begun to spread worldwide. We aim to explore reliable evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of the COVID‐19 by analyzing all the published studies by Chinese scholars on the clinical and imaging features in novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsWe searched five medical databases including two Chinese and three English databases for all published articles on COVID‐19 since the outbreak. A random‐effects model was designed, and the imaging and clinical data from all studies were collected for meta‐analysis.ResultsOverall, 31 articles and 46 959 patients were included, including 10 English articles and 21 Chinese articles. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the most common clinical manifestations were fever (87.3%; 0.838‐0.909), cough (58.1%; 0.502‐0.660), dyspnea (38.3%; 0.246‐0.520), muscle soreness or fatigue (35.5%; 0.253‐0.456), and chest distress (31.2%; −0.024 to 0.648). The main imaging findings were bilateral pneumonia (75.7%; 0.639‐0.871) and ground‐glass opacification (69.9%; 0.602‐0.796). Among the patients, the incidence that required intensive care unit (ICU) was (29.3%; 0.190‐0.395), the incidence with acute respiratory distress syndrome was (28.8%; 0.147‐0.429), the incidence with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was (8.5%; −0.008 to 0.179), and the case fatality rate of patients with COVID‐19 was (6.8%; 0.044‐0.093).ConclusionCOVID‐19 is a new clinical infectious disease that mainly causes bilateral pneumonia and lung function deteriorates rapidly. Nearly a third of patients need to be admitted to the ICU, and patients are likely to present respiratory failure or even death.