bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts and its components, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, increase claudin 1 expression in human keratinocytes, enhancing intercellular tight junction capacity
Authors: Kim Jaewhan , Cho Namjoon , Kim Eun-Mi , Park Ki-Sun , Kang Yeon Woo , Nam Joong Hyeon , Nam Myoung Soo , Kim Kee K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDysfunction of tight junctions and their components can cause diverse skin diseases. Here, we investigated the expression of claudin 1, a major tight junction protein, and changes of tight junction capacity upon treatment of the extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) and its components, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin. The effects of ethanol extracts of C. tricuspidata (EECT) and water extracts of C. tricuspidata (WECT) on the viability of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were assessed by cell proliferation assay. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the expression of claudin 1 mRNA. The protein expression of claudin 1 was analyzed by western blot and its tight junctional distribution was observed with immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. The tight junction capacity was analyzed by dispase assay. Upon treatment of WECT to HaCaT cells, the mRNA and protein expressions of claudin 1 were increased. In addition, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin increased claudin 1 protein expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. WECT and these three compounds enhanced the tight junction capacity of HaCaT cells in dispase assay. WECT, and its components, such as chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, upregulates both mRNA and protein expressions of claudin 1, which leads to the enhancement of tight junction capacity. Thus, WECT could be a therapeutic approach for treating tight junction-disrupted conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Tax structure and economic growth: a study of selected Indian states
Authors: Neog Yadawananda , Gaur Achal Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study examines the long-run and short-run relationship between tax structure and state-level growth performance in India for the period 1991–2016. The analysis in this paper is based on the model of Acosta-Ormaechea and Yoo (2012), and for the verification of the relationship between taxation and economic growth the panel regression method is used. With the use of 14 Indian states data, Panel Pool mean group estimation indicates that income tax and commodity–service tax have negative effects whilst property and capital transaction tax have a significant positive effect on state economic growth. This study finds ‘U’ shape relationship between tax structure and growth performance. Based on the analysis, we conclude that for faster growth of Indian states, policymakers should give more focus on property taxes along with the reduction in income taxes.
Effect of evaporation through nanoporous medium on diffusiophoresis
Authors: Lee Dokeun , Kim Junsuk , Lee Hyomin , Kim Sung Jae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiffusiophoresis near a nanoporous medium is the phenomenon that particles were spontaneously moved from low concentration region to high concentration region. However, unidirectional particle motion impeded further application of this phenomenon and lack of studies about the external convective flow effect such as evaporation through a nanoporous medium were reported. In this work, we investigated the evaporation effect through a nanoporous medium on spontaneous particle exclusion zone induced by diffusiophoresis. Consequently, particle’s motion was divided into three regimes: diffusiophoresis regime, transition regime, and evaporation regime depending on the evaporation effect. The experiment in which the time of initiating evaporation effect was controlled by adjusting the region of PDMS on a nanoporous medium showed that evaporation plays a critical role in studying the spontaneous particle exclusion zone. This rigorous analysis would provide a useful strategy for optimizing a spontaneous particle preconcentration/detection platform.
A comparison of different oxidative pretreatments on polysaccharide hydrolyzability and cell wall structure for interpreting the greatly improved enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by delignification
Authors: Han Yazhu , Bai Yuchen , Zhang Jingzhi , Liu Dehua , Zhao Xuebing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to confirm the contribution of delignification to the increase in lignocellulosic cellulose digestibility, several laboratory oxidative pretreatments under mild conditions, including alkaline-hydrogen peroxide (AP), two-step alkaline/peracetic acid (APAA) and sodium chlorite (SC) pretreatments were employed to achieve selective delignification of sugarcane bagasse and retained most of the hemicelluloses (xylan) in the pretreated solids. Four commercial cellulase cocktails were used to test the enzymatic hydrolyzability of pretreated substrates. Results revealed that delignification indeed could greatly improve the final (120 h) cellulose hydrolysis with relatively high final (120 h) glucan conversion (> 90%) by different cellulase cocktails even if the substrates still had a high hemicelluloses content. However, the xylan conversion seemed to be more greatly dependent on the pretreatments and cellulase cocktails used. AP and APAA pretreatments resulted in the disappearance of middle lamella and liberation of cellulose fibers with significant etching, deformation and fracture of cell wall structure. SC pretreatment greatly modified the sugar bagasse surface morphology to make the surface much coarser. The cell wall also underwent serious fracture and deformation with some middle lamella disappearing. However, no significant alteration on the structure of pure cellulose was observed by SC oxidative pretreatment of filter paper. Oxidative pretreatment might also modify lignin structure and surface properties thus greatly reducing the non-specific adsorption of enzymes. The obtained results strongly support the conclusion that delignification under mild pretreatment condition can be very helpful to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic cellulose by commercial cellulase cocktails even if the substrates has a high hemicelluloses content.
Accuracy assessment and error analysis for diameter at breast height measurement of trees obtained using a novel backpack LiDAR system
Authors: Xie Yuyang , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiangwu , Pang Shuxin , Zeng Hui , Shen Zehao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe LiBackpack is a recently developed backpack light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system that combines the flexibility of human walking with the nearby measurement in all directions to provide a novel and efficient approach to LiDAR remote sensing, especially useful for forest structure inventory. However, the measurement accuracy and error sources have not been systematically explored for this system.MethodIn this study, we used the LiBackpack D-50 system to measure the diameter at breast height (DBH) for aPinus sylvestristree population in the Saihanba National Forest Park of China, and estimated the accuracy of LiBackpack measurements of DBH based on comparisons with manually measured DBH values in the field. We determined the optimal vertical slice thickness of the point cloud sample for achieving the most stable and accurate LiBackpack measurements of DBH for this tree species, and explored the effects of different factors on the measurement error.Result1) A vertical thickness of 30 cm for the point cloud sample slice provided the highest fitting accuracy (adjusted R2 = 0.89, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 20.85 mm); 2) the point cloud density had a significant negative, logarithmic relationship with measurement error of DBH and it explained 35.1% of the measurement error; 3) the LiBackpack measurements of DBH were generally smaller than the manually measured values, and the corresponding measurement errors increased for larger trees; and 4) by considering the effect of the point cloud density correction, a transitional model can be fitted to approximate field measured DBH using LiBackpack- scanned value with satisfactory accuracy (adjusted R2 = 0.920; RMSE = 14.77 mm), and decrease the predicting error by 29.2%. Our study confirmed the reliability of the novel LiBackpack system in accurate forestry inventory, set up a useful transitional model between scanning data and the traditional manual-measured data specifically forP. sylvestris, and implied the applicable substitution of this new approach for more species, with necessary parameter calibration.
A case of successful anesthetic management in a patient with Trousseau’s syndrome who underwent surgery for malignant ovarian tumor
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Matsunuma Kayoko , Kaneda Toru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Trousseau’s syndrome, also known as cancer-associated thrombosis, has several perioperative considerations, including the timing of surgery, anticoagulant therapy, and anesthetic technique. While appropriate anesthetic management is critical, few clinical reports have addressed the issue. Here, we report a patient with Trousseau’s syndrome who successfully underwent gynecological surgery 1 month after a massive cerebral infarction.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old woman with malignant ovarian tumor and deep venous thrombosis developed systemic thromboembolism, including a massive right cerebral infarction, despite receiving direct oral anticoagulant therapy. She was diagnosed with Trousseau’s syndrome and was transferred to our hospital 17 days after the onset of cerebral infarction with left incomplete hemiparesis. Semi-radical gynecological surgery was scheduled in another 14 days (31 days after the cerebral infarction). A temporary inferior vena cava filter was placed, and both direct oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs were substituted with unfractionated heparin infusion. She underwent surgery uneventfully under general anesthesia with desflurane and remifentanil. Postoperative analgesia was achieved with a peripheral nerve block and continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl. The tumors were fully resected, thereby only anticoagulant therapy for residual venous thrombus was continued. She had a good perioperative course and was discharged without cerebral complications or thromboembolism.

Conclusions
In patients with Trousseau’s syndrome, both early radical surgery and preventing perioperative cerebrovascular complications are critical. In our present case, Trousseau’s syndrome was successfully operated under general anesthesia 1 month after a massive cerebral infarction.
Endolymphatic sac tumor: case report and literature review
Authors: Ge Hongliang , Wang Hongyao , Cai Jiawei , Zhang Xinting , Mei Wenzhong , Wu Xiyue , Kang Dezhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is one of neuroectodermal tumor which arising from endolymphatic sac and duct. It is actually quite rare, with less than 200 cases reported. Although ELST presents benign appearance in histopathology, it can present aggressive destructive behavior in clinical. The cornerstone of treatment for ELST is complete surgical excision. However, it is almost impossible to completely resect the advanced stage tumor. There is still controversy about other treatments, such as radiotherapy and gamma knife surgery.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old man was admitted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University with a 7-year history of progressive hearing loss and near 6-month repeated attacks of headache. Preoperative CT revealed a massive intracranial lesion and associated hydrocephalus. MR scanning demonstrated a 7.2 cm × 4.6 cm × 4.2 cm bulky mass located in left-sided posterior cranial fossa and temporo-occipital region which showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted images. There was no neither clinical manifestation nor family history of Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (VHL).Due to the mass that was large and invading the bone of skull base, it was difficult to extirpate surgically, so the ventriculoperitoneal shunt combined with local biopsy was performed. The postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the lesion was an endolymphatic sac tumor. After operation, the patient regularly received radiotherapy.

Conclusion
The widely accepted management of ELST is complete surgical resection. However, it is difficult for surgeons to achieve radical resection with late-stage ELST. Currently, there is much dispute about the role of radiotherapy for the management of ELST in academic circles. In this case where the mass cannot be surgical removed, radiotherapy has the curative effect for ELST in terms of disease control and quality of life.
Microbial formulation and growth of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetable crops
Authors: Naik Kalyani , Mishra Snehasish , Srichandan Haragobinda , Singh Puneet Kumar , Choudhary Abhishek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEffective microbes (EM) are the coexisting naturally occurring useful microbes applied as inoculant to enhance the beneficial microflora of the soil ecosystem to facilitate agricultural production. The participating microbial consortium includes lactic acid and photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, fermenting fungi, and yeast, among others. These microbes are physiologically well-matched and coexist in a provided medium. EM formulation could be applied to a target crop in the most appropriate manner and form, and is easy to handle. It could be applied in several manners, as soil application, foliar application and as seed treatment. Microbial formulation in agricultural practices for enhancing productivity is sustainable and eco-friendly approach. When applied, EM formulations reportedly have positive effect on several crop growth parameters. It enhances the productivity, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidative response to abiotic stress in rice. EM formulations reportedly augment the trace elements contents, root and shoot weight, nodulation and pod yield in rajmah, while it boosts the root and shoot weight, nodulation and seed yields in bean, and drought and virus tolerance, shoot weight, pod number and biomass in soybean. Reportedly, formulated EM perks up the chlorophyll, N, P, carbohydrate and protein contents in sunflower, whereas it stimulates the root and shoot growth, leaf number, fungal disease resistance in groundnut. It could lead to an improved root growth, plant height, chlorophyll content, pod yield, fungal disease resistance, Cr-resistance and pest resistance in okra. This review compiles and provides critical insight to the effects of EM formulations on various crops, particularly the cereals (rice), pulses (rajmah, bean and soybean), oilseeds (sunflower and groundnut) and vegetable (okra).
Preoperative Topical Estrogen Treatment vs Placebo in 244 Children With Midshaft and Posterior Hypospadias
Authors: Gorduza Daniela , Plotton Ingrid , Remontet Laurent , Gay Claire-Lise , El Jani Meriem , Cheikhelard Alaa , Blanc Thomas , El Ghoneimi Alaa , Leclair Marc-David , Roy Pascal , Pirot Fabrice , Mimouni Yanis , Gaillard, Segolene , Chatelain Pierre , Morel Yves , Kassai Behrouz , Mouriquand Pierre 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Urethral fistula and dehiscence are common after hypospadias surgery. Preoperative androgens have been considered to reduce these complications although this consideration is not evidence-based. Dermatologists have reported the benefits of topical estrogens on skin healing. We investigated whether the preoperative use of topical promestriene could reduce healing complications in hypospadias surgery. Our primary objective was to demonstrate a reduction of healing complications with promestriene vs placebo. Impact on reoperations and other complications, clinical tolerance, bone growth, and biological systemic effects of the treatment were also considered.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial between 2011 and 2015 in 4 French centers. One-stage transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty (onlay urethroplasty) was selected for severe hypospadias. Promestriene or placebo was applied on the penis for 2 months prior to surgery. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative urethral fistula or dehiscence in the first year postsurgery. For safety reasons, hormonal and anatomical screenings were performed.

Results
Out of 241 patients who received surgery, 122 patients were randomized to receive placebo, and 119 patients received promestriene. The primary outcome was unavailable for 11 patients. Healing complications were assessed at 16.4% (19/116) in the placebo vs 14.9% (17/114) in the promestriene arm, and the odds ratio adjusted on center was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.45-1.94), P = 0.86.

Conclusions and relevance
Although we observed an overall lower risk of complications compared to previous publications, postsurgery complications were not different between promestriene and placebo, because of a lack of power of the study or the inefficacy of promestriene.
Alu-Mediated MEN1 Gene Deletion and Loss of Heterozygosity in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Yoshiji Satoshi , Iwasaki Yorihiro , Iwasaki Kanako , Honjo Sachiko , Hirano Koichi , Ono Katsuhiko , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Hamasaki Akihiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. Most of the germline MEN1 gene mutations have been small mutations, and the whole gene deletion is rarely observed. In the present study, we revealed Alu retrotransposon-mediated de novo germline deletion of the whole MEN1 gene and somatic copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a patient with MEN1. The patient is a 39-year-old woman who was referred to our department for the management of prolactinoma. She was also diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism and suspected of MEN1. Although nucleotide sequencing did not detect any MEN1 gene mutations, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) revealed a large germline deletion of the MEN1 gene. Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)–based copy number mapping showed a monoallelic loss of approximately 18.5-kilobase region containing the whole MEN1 gene. Intriguingly, the 2 breakpoints were flanked by Alu repetitive elements, suggesting the contribution of Alu/Alu-mediated rearrangements (AAMR) to the whole MEN1 gene deletion. Furthermore, copy number mapping using MLPA and qPCR in combination with single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed copy-neutral LOH as a somatic event for parathyroid tumorigenesis. In conclusion, copy number mapping revealed a novel combination of Alu/Alu-mediated de novo germline deletion of the MEN1 gene and somatic copy-neutral LOH as a cytogenetic basis for the MEN1 pathogenesis. Moreover, subsequent in silico analysis highlighted the possible predisposition of the MEN1 gene to Alu retrotransposon-mediated genomic deletion.
Treatment and Survival of Elderly Patients with Stage I–II Pancreatic Cancer: A Report of the EURECCA Pancreas Consortium
Authors:   on behalf of the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group, Groen Jesse V. , Douwes Tom A. , van Eycken Elizabeth , van der Geest Lydia G. M. , Johannesen Tom B. , Besselink Marc G. , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Wilmink Johanna W. , Bonsing Bert A. , Portielje Johanna E. A. , van de Velde Cornelus J. H. , Bastiaannet Esther , Mieog J. Sven D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Elderly patients with pancreatic cancer are underrepresented in clinical trials, resulting in a lack of evidence.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare treatment and overall survival (OS) of patients aged ≥ 70 years with stage I–II pancreatic cancer in the EURECCA Pancreas Consortium.

Methods
This was an observational cohort study of the Belgian (BE), Dutch (NL), and Norwegian (NOR) cancer registries. The primary outcome was OS, while secondary outcomes were resection, 90-day mortality after resection, and (neo)adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy.

Results
In total, 3624 patients were included. Resection (BE: 50.2%; NL: 36.2%; NOR: 41.3%; p < 0.001), use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (BE: 55.9%; NL: 41.9%; NOR: 13.8%; p < 0.001), palliative chemotherapy (BE: 39.5%; NL: 6.0%; NOR: 15.7%; p < 0.001), and 90-day mortality differed (BE: 11.7%; NL: 8.0%; NOR: 5.2%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, median OS in patients with (BE: 17.4; NL: 15.9; NOR: 25.4 months; p < 0.001) and without resection (BE: 7.0; NL: 3.9; NOR: 6.5 months; p < 0.001) also differed.

Conclusions
Differences were observed in treatment and OS in patients aged ≥ 70 years with stage I–II pancreatic cancer, between the population-based cancer registries. Future studies should focus on selection criteria for (non)surgical treatment in older patients so that clinicians can tailor treatment.
Novel Coronavirus Disease: A delicate balancing act between health and the economy
Authors: Moti Ukertor Gabriel , Goon Daniel Ter 
Published: May 2020

The emergence of the deadly novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has resuscitated global attention on the state of health governance and well-being of citizens. Worldwide, countries are in dire dilemma of safeguarding the health of their citizens and equally salvaging economy, arising from the social distancing and lockdown strategies, which affects negatively the economic activities. This paper examines the intricate balance between health and the economy in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and the policy options needed to assist countries to implement strategies to protect the health of their citizens and promote economic recovery in this unprecedented global crisis situation. There is need for a coordinated public-private sector partnership in the recovery plan of each country, taking into account their contextual and country specific health system and economy, but not discarding the universal application thereof. Global, regional, national geo-political and public health collaboration is needed to save the world from COVID-19 catastrophic consequences.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2751
How to cite this:Moti UG, Goon DT. Novel Coronavirus Disease: A delicate balancing act between health and the economy. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S134-S137. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2751
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.