bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A less cloudy picture of the inter-model spread in future global warming projections
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Fan Hanjie , Cai Ming , Sejas Sergio A. , Taylor Patrick , Yang Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModel warming projections, forced by increasing greenhouse gases, have a large inter-model spread in both their geographical warming patterns and global mean values. The inter-model warming pattern spread (WPS) limits our ability to foresee the severity of regional impacts on nature and society. This paper focuses on uncovering the feedbacks responsible for the WPS. Here, we identify two dominant WPS modes whose global mean values also explain 98.7% of the global warming spread (GWS). We show that the ice-albedo feedback spread explains uncertainties in polar regions while the water vapor feedback spread explains uncertainties elsewhere. Other processes, including the cloud feedback, contribute less to the WPS as their spreads tend to cancel each other out in a model-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the WPS and GWS could be significantly reduced by narrowing the inter-model spreads of ice-albedo and water vapor feedbacks, and better understanding the spatial coupling between feedbacks.
Haloarchaea swim slowly for optimal chemotactic efficiency in low nutrient environments
Authors: Thornton Katie L. , Butler Jaimi K. , Davis Seth J. , Baxter Bonnie K. , Wilson Laurence G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArchaea have evolved to survive in some of the most extreme environments on earth. Life in extreme, nutrient-poor conditions gives the opportunity to probe fundamental energy limitations on movement and response to stimuli, two essential markers of living systems. Here we use three-dimensional holographic microscopy and computer simulations to reveal that halophilic archaea achieve chemotaxis with power requirements one hundred-fold lower than common eubacterial model systems. Their swimming direction is stabilised by their flagella (archaella), enhancing directional persistence in a manner similar to that displayed by eubacteria, albeit with a different motility apparatus. Our experiments and simulations reveal that the cells are capable of slow but deterministic chemotaxis up a chemical gradient, in a biased random walk at the thermodynamic limit.
Chromatin modifier MTA1 regulates mitotic transition and tumorigenesis by orchestrating mitotic mRNA processing
Authors: Liu Jian , Li Chunxiao , Wang Jinsong , Xu Dongkui , Wang Haijuan , Wang Ting , Li Lina , Li Hui , Nan Peng , Zhang Jingyao , Wang Yang , Huang Changzhi , Chen Dong , Zhang Yi , Wen Tao , Zhan Qimin , Ma Fei , Qian Haili 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDysregulated alternative splicing (AS) driving carcinogenetic mitosis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that cancer metastasis-associated antigen 1 (MTA1), a well-known oncogenic chromatin modifier, broadly interacts and co-expresses with RBPs across cancers, contributing to cancerous mitosis-related AS. Using developed fCLIP-seq technology, we show that MTA1 binds abundant transcripts, preferentially at splicing-responsible motifs, influencing the abundance and AS pattern of target transcripts. MTA1 regulates the mRNA level and guides the AS of a series of mitosis regulators. MTA1 deletion abrogated the dynamic AS switches of variants for ATRX and MYBL2 at mitotic stage, which are relevant to mitosis-related tumorigenesis. MTA1 dysfunction causes defective mitotic arrest, leads to aberrant chromosome segregation, and results in chromosomal instability (CIN), eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. Currently, little is known about the RNA splicing during mitosis; here, we uncover that MTA1 binds transcripts and orchestrates dynamic splicing of mitosis regulators in tumorigenesis.
The precursor of PI(3,4,5)P3 alleviates aging by activating daf-18(Pten) and independent of daf-16
Authors: Shi Dawei , Xia Xian , Cui Aoyuan , Xiong Zhongxiang , Yan Yizhen , Luo Jing , Chen Guoyu , Zeng Yingying , Cai Donghong , Hou Lei , McDermott Joseph , Li Yu , Zhang Hong , Han Jing-Dong J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging is characterized by the loss of homeostasis and the general decline of physiological functions, accompanied by various degenerative diseases and increased rates of mortality. Aging targeting small molecule screens have been performed many times, however, few have focused on endogenous metabolic intermediates—metabolites. Here, using C. elegans lifespan assays, we conducted a worm metabolite screen and identified an eukaryotes conserved metabolite, myo-inositol (MI), to extend lifespan, increase mobility and reduce fat content. Genetic analysis of enzymes in MI metabolic pathway suggest that MI alleviates aging through its derivative PI(4,5)P2. MI and PI(4,5)P2 are precursors of PI(3,4,5)P3, which is negatively related to longevity. The longevity effect of MI is dependent on the tumor suppressor gene, daf-18 (homologous to mouse Pten), independent of its classical pathway downstream genes, akt or daf-16. Furthermore, we found MI effects on aging and lifespan act through mitophagy regulator PTEN induced kinase-1 (pink-1) and mitophagy. MI’s anti-aging effect is also conserved in mouse, indicating a conserved mechanism in mammals.
Collagen promotes anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance in cancer through LAIR1-dependent CD8+ T cell exhaustion
Authors: Peng David H. , Rodriguez Bertha Leticia , Diao Lixia , Chen Limo , Wang Jing , Byers Lauren A. , Wei Ying , Chapman Harold A. , Yamauchi Mitsuo , Behrens Carmen , Raso Gabriela , Soto Luisa Maren Solis , Cuentes Edwin Roger Parra , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Kurie Jonathan M. , Gibbons Don L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumor extracellular matrix has been associated with drug resistance and immune suppression. Here, proteomic and RNA profiling reveal increased collagen levels in lung tumors resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Additionally, elevated collagen correlates with decreased total CD8+T cells and increased exhausted CD8+T cell subpopulations in murine and human lung tumors. Collagen-induced T cell exhaustion occurs through the receptor LAIR1, which is upregulated following CD18 interaction with collagen, and induces T cell exhaustion through SHP-1. Reduction in tumor collagen deposition through LOXL2 suppression increases T cell infiltration, diminishes exhausted T cells, and abrogates resistance to anti-PD-L1. Abrogating LAIR1 immunosuppression through LAIR2 overexpression or SHP-1 inhibition sensitizes resistant lung tumors to anti-PD-1. Clinically, increased collagen, LAIR1, and TIM-3 expression in melanoma patients treated with PD-1 blockade predict poorer survival and response. Our study identifies collagen and LAIR1 as potential markers for immunotherapy resistance and validates multiple promising therapeutic combinations.
Resolution of R-loops by INO80 promotes DNA replication and maintains cancer cell proliferation and viability
Authors: Prendergast Lisa , McClurg Urszula L. , Hristova Rossitsa , Berlinguer-Palmini Rolando , Greener Sarah , Veitch Katie , Hernandez Inmaculada , Pasero Philippe , Rico Daniel , Higgins Jonathan M. G. , Gospodinov Anastas , Papamichos-Chronakis Manolis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCollisions between the DNA replication machinery and co-transcriptional R-loops can impede DNA synthesis and are a major source of genomic instability in cancer cells. How cancer cells deal with R-loops to proliferate is poorly understood. Here we show that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling INO80 complex promotes resolution of R-loops to prevent replication-associated DNA damage in cancer cells. Depletion of INO80 in prostate cancer PC3 cells leads to increased R-loops. Overexpression of the RNA:DNA endonuclease RNAse H1 rescues the DNA synthesis defects and suppresses DNA damage caused by INO80 depletion. R-loops co-localize with and promote recruitment of INO80 to chromatin. Artificial tethering of INO80 to a LacO locus enabled turnover of R-loops in cis. Finally, counteracting R-loops by INO80 promotes proliferation and averts DNA damage-induced death in cancer cells. Our work suggests that INO80-dependent resolution of R-loops promotes DNA replication in the presence of transcription, thus enabling unlimited proliferation in cancers.
Modulating mechanical stability of heterodimerization between engineered orthogonal helical domains
Authors: Yu Miao , Zhao Zhihai , Chen Zibo , Le Shimin , Yan Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanically stable specific heterodimerization between small protein domains have a wide scope of applications, from using as a molecular anchorage in single-molecule force spectroscopy studies of protein mechanics, to serving as force-bearing protein linker for modulation of mechanotransduction of cells, and potentially acting as a molecular crosslinker for functional materials. Here, we explore the possibility to develop heterodimerization system with a range of mechanical stability from a set of recently engineered helix-heterotetramers whose mechanical properties have yet to be characterized. We demonstrate this possibility using two randomly chosen helix-heterotetramers, showing that their mechanical properties can be modulated by changing the stretching geometry and the number of interacting helices. These helix-heterotetramers and their derivatives are sufficiently stable over physiological temperature range. Using it as mechanically stable anchorage, we demonstrate the applications in single-molecule manipulation studies of the temperature dependent unfolding and refolding of a titin immunoglobulin domain and α-actinin spectrin repeats.
Canadian permafrost stores large pools of ammonium and optically distinct dissolved organic matter
Authors: Fouché J. , Christiansen C. T. , Lafrenière M. J. , Grogan P. , Lamoureux S. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPermafrost degradation may lead to mobilization of carbon and nutrients and enhance microbial processing rates of previously frozen organic matter. Although the pool size and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are fundamental determinants of the carbon cycle in Arctic watersheds, its source within the seasonally thawing active layer and the underlying permafrost remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we used 25 soil cores that extended down into the permafrost from nine sites across Arctic Canada to quantify dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen stocks, and to characterize DOM optical properties. Organic permafrost stores 5–7 times more DOC and ammonium than the active layer and mineral permafrost. Furthermore, the permafrost layers contain substantial low molecular weight DOM with low aromaticity suggesting high biodegradability. We conclude that soil organic matter stoichiometry and cryogenic processes determine permafrost DOM chemistry, and that thawing will mobilize large amounts of labile DOC and ammonium into Arctic watersheds.
Uncovering the cytochrome P450-catalyzed methylenedioxy bridge formation in streptovaricins biosynthesis
Authors: Sun Guo , Hu Chaoqun , Mei Qing , Luo Minghe , Chen Xu , Li Zhengyuan , Liu Yuanzhen , Deng Zixin , Zhang Zhengyu , Sun Yuhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreptovaricin C is a naphthalenic ansamycin antibiotic structurally similar to rifamycins with potential anti-MRSA bioactivities. However, the formation mechanism of the most fascinating and bioactivity-related methylenedioxy bridge (MDB) moiety in streptovaricins is unclear. Based on genetic and biochemical evidences, we herein clarify that the P450 enzyme StvP2 catalyzes the MDB formation in streptovaricins, with an atypical substrate inhibition kinetics. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures in complex with substrate and structure-based mutagenesis reveal the intrinsic details of the enzymatic reaction. The mechanism of MDB formation is proposed to be an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution resulting from the hydroxylation by the heme core and the keto-enol tautomerization via a crucial catalytic triad (Asp89-His92-Arg72) in StvP2. In addition, in vitro reconstitution uncovers that C6-O-methylation and C4-O-acetylation of streptovaricins are necessary prerequisites for the MDB formation. This work provides insight for the MDB formation and adds evidence in support of the functional versatility of P450 enzymes.
Spatial ultrasound modulation by digitally controlling microbubble arrays
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Melde Kai , Athanassiadis Athanasios G. , Schau Michael , Richter Harald , Qiu Tian , Fischer Peer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcoustic waves, capable of transmitting through optically opaque objects, have been widely used in biomedical imaging, industrial sensing and particle manipulation. High-fidelity wave front shaping is essential to further improve performance in these applications. An acoustic analog to the successful spatial light modulator (SLM) in optics would be highly desirable. To date there have been no techniques shown that provide effective and dynamic modulation of a sound wave and which also support scale-up to a high number of individually addressable pixels. In the present study, we introduce a dynamic spatial ultrasound modulator (SUM), which dynamically reshapes incident plane waves into complex acoustic images. Its transmission function is set with a digitally generated pattern of microbubbles controlled by a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) chip, which results in a binary amplitude acoustic hologram. We employ this device to project sequentially changing acoustic images and demonstrate the first dynamic parallel assembly of microparticles using a SUM.
Engineering multiple species-like genetic incompatibilities in insects
Authors: Maselko Maciej , Feltman Nathan , Upadhyay Ambuj , Hayward Amanda , Das Siba , Myslicki Nathan , Peterson Aidan J. , O’Connor Michael B. , Smanski Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpeciation constrains the flow of genetic information between populations of sexually reproducing organisms. Gaining control over mechanisms of speciation would enable new strategies to manage wild populations of disease vectors, agricultural pests, and invasive species. Additionally, such control would provide safe biocontainment of transgenes and gene drives. Here, we demonstrate a general approach to create engineered genetic incompatibilities (EGIs) in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. EGI couples a dominant lethal transgene with a recessive resistance allele. Strains homozygous for both elements are fertile and fecund when they mate with similarly engineered strains, but incompatible with wild-type strains that lack resistant alleles. EGI genotypes can also be tuned to cause hybrid lethality at different developmental life-stages. Further, we demonstrate that multiple orthogonal EGI strains of D. melanogaster can be engineered to be mutually incompatible with wild-type and with each other. EGI is a simple and robust approach in multiple sexually reproducing organisms.
Persisting volcanic ash particles impact stratospheric SO2 lifetime and aerosol optical properties
Authors: Zhu Yunqian , Toon Owen B. , Jensen Eric J. , Bardeen Charles G. , Mills Michael J. , Tolbert Margaret A. , Yu Pengfei , Woods Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVolcanic ash is often neglected in climate simulations because ash particles are assumed to have a short atmospheric lifetime, and to not participate in sulfur chemistry. After the Mt. Kelut eruption in 2014, stratospheric ash-rich aerosols were observed for months. Here we show that the persistence of super-micron ash is consistent with a density near 0.5 g cm−3, close to pumice. Ash-rich particles dominate the volcanic cloud optical properties for the first 60 days. We also find that the initial SO2 lifetime is determined by SO2 uptake on ash, rather than by reaction with OH as commonly assumed. About 43% more volcanic sulfur is removed from the stratosphere in 2 months with the SO2 heterogeneous chemistry on ash particles than without. This research suggests the need for re-evaluation of factors controlling SO2 lifetime in climate model simulations, and of the impact of volcanic ash on stratospheric chemistry and radiation.
Implicit pattern learning predicts individual differences in belief in God in the United States and Afghanistan
Authors: Weinberger Adam B. , Gallagher Natalie M. , Warren Zachary J. , English Gwendolyn A. , Moghaddam Fathali M. , Green Adam E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost humans believe in a god, but many do not. Differences in belief have profound societal impacts. Anthropological accounts implicate bottom-up perceptual processes in shaping religious belief, suggesting that individual differences in these processes may help explain variation in belief. Here, in findings replicated across socio-religiously disparate samples studied in the U.S. and Afghanistan, implicit learning of patterns/order within visuospatial sequences (IL-pat) in a strongly bottom-up paradigm predict 1) stronger belief in an intervening/ordering god, and 2) increased strength-of-belief from childhood to adulthood, controlling for explicit learning and parental belief. Consistent with research implicating IL-pat as a basis of intuition, and intuition as a basis of belief, mediation models support a hypothesized effect pathway whereby IL-pat leads to intuitions of order which, in turn, lead to belief in ordering gods. The universality and variability of human IL-pat may thus contribute to the global presence and variability of religious belief.
Electrosorption at metal surfaces from first principles
Authors: Hörmann Nicolas G. , Marzari Nicola , Reuter Karsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrosorption of solvated species at metal electrodes is a most fundamental class of processes in interfacial electrochemistry. Here, we use its sensitive dependence on the electric double layer to assess the performance of ab initio thermodynamics approaches increasingly used for the first-principles description of electrocatalysis. We show analytically that computational hydrogen electrode calculations at zero net-charge can be understood as a first-order approximation to a fully grand canonical approach. Notably, higher-order terms in the applied potential caused by the charging of the double layer include contributions from adsorbate-induced changes in the work function and in the interfacial capacitance. These contributions are essential to yield prominent electrochemical phenomena such as non-Nernstian shifts of electrosorption peaks and non-integer electrosorption valencies. We illustrate this by calculating peak shifts for H on Pt electrodes and electrosorption valencies of halide ions on Ag electrodes, obtaining qualitative agreement with experimental data already when considering only second order terms. The results demonstrate the agreement between classical electrochemistry concepts and a first-principles fully grand canonical description of electrified interfaces and shed new light on the widespread computational hydrogen electrode approach.
K-EmoCon, a multimodal sensor dataset for continuous emotion recognition in naturalistic conversations
Authors: Park Cheul Young , Cha Narae , Kang Soowon , Kim Auk , Khandoker Ahsan Habib , Hadjileontiadis Leontios , Oh Alice , Jeong Yong , Lee Uichin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecognizing emotions during social interactions has many potential applications with the popularization of low-cost mobile sensors, but a challenge remains with the lack of naturalistic affective interaction data. Most existing emotion datasets do not support studying idiosyncratic emotions arising in the wild as they were collected in constrained environments. Therefore, studying emotions in the context of social interactions requires a novel dataset, and K-EmoCon is such a multimodal dataset with comprehensive annotations of continuous emotions during naturalistic conversations. The dataset contains multimodal measurements, including audiovisual recordings, EEG, and peripheral physiological signals, acquired with off-the-shelf devices from 16 sessions of approximately 10-minute long paired debates on a social issue. Distinct from previous datasets, it includes emotion annotations from all three available perspectives: self, debate partner, and external observers. Raters annotated emotional displays at intervals of every 5 seconds while viewing the debate footage, in terms of arousal-valence and 18 additional categorical emotions. The resulting K-EmoCon is the first publicly available emotion dataset accommodating the multiperspective assessment of emotions during social interactions.
Experimental database of optical properties of organic compounds
Authors: Joung Joonyoung F. , Han Minhi , Jeong Minseok , Park Sungnam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExperimental databases on the optical properties of organic chromophores are important for the implementation of data-driven chemistry using machine learning. Herein, we present a series of experimental data including various optical properties such as the first absorption and emission maximum wavelengths and their bandwidths (full width at half maximum), extinction coefficient, photoluminescence quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime. A database of 20,236 data points was developed by collecting the optical properties of organic compounds already reported in the literature. A dataset of 7,016 unique organic chromophores in 365 solvents or in solid state is available in CSV format.
Kinematic dataset of actors expressing emotions
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Yu Lu , Zhang Keye , Du Bixuan , Zhan Bin , Chen Shaohua , Jiang Xiuhao , Guo Shuai , Zhao Jiafeng , Wang Yang , Wang Bin , Liu Shenglan , Luo Wenbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman body movements can convey a variety of emotions and even create advantages in some special life situations. However, how emotion is encoded in body movements has remained unclear. One reason is that there is a lack of public human body kinematic dataset regarding the expressing of various emotions. Therefore, we aimed to produce a comprehensive dataset to assist in recognizing cues from all parts of the body that indicate six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) and neutral expression. The present dataset was created using a portable wireless motion capture system. Twenty-two semi-professional actors (half male) completed performances according to the standardized guidance and preferred daily events. A total of 1402 recordings at 125 Hz were collected, consisting of the position and rotation data of 72 anatomical nodes. To our knowledge, this is now the largest emotional kinematic dataset of the human body. We hope this dataset will contribute to multiple fields of research and practice, including social neuroscience, psychiatry, computer vision, and biometric and information forensics.
Access to mass rapid transit in OECD urban areas
Authors: Verbavatz Vincent , Barthelemy Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs mitigating car traffic in cities has become paramount to abate climate change effects, fostering public transport in cities appears ever-more appealing. A key ingredient in that purpose is easy access to mass rapid transit (MRT) systems. So far, we have however few empirical estimates of the coverage of MRT in urban areas, computed as the share of people living in MRT catchment areas, say for instance within walking distance. In this work, we clarify a universal definition of such a metrics - People Near Transit (PNT) - and present measures of this quantity for 85 urban areas in OECD countries – the largest dataset of such a quantity so far. By suggesting a standardized protocol, we make our dataset sound and expandable to other countries and cities in the world, which grounds our work into solid basis for multiple reuses in transport, environmental or economic studies.