bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary iron intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older adults in urban China: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Shu-Yi , Wang Fan , Lu Xiao-Ting , Zhong Rong-Huan , Long Jing-An , Fang Ai-Ping , Zhu Hui-Lian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe association between dietary Fe intake and diabetes risk remains inconsistent. We aimed to explore the association between dietary Fe intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in middle-aged and older adults in urban China. This study used data from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, an on-going community-based prospective cohort study. Participants were recruited from 2008 to 2013 in Guangzhou community. A total of 2696 participants aged 40–75 years without T2DM at baseline were included in data analyses, with a median of 5·6 (interquartile range 4·1–5·9) years of follow-up. T2DM was identified by self-reported diagnosis, fasting glucose ≥ 7·0 mmol/l or glycosylated Hb ≥ 6·5 %. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. We ascertained 205 incident T2DM cases during 13 476 person-years. The adjusted HR for T2DM risk in the fourth quartile of haem Fe intake was 1·92 (95 % CI 1·07, 3·46; Ptrend = 0·010), compared with the first quartile intake. These significant associations were found in haem Fe intake from total meat (HR 2·74; 95 % CI 1·22, 6·15; Ptrend = 0·011) and haem Fe intake from red meat (HR 1·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·44; Ptrend = 0·034), but not haem Fe intake from processed meat, poultry or fish/shellfish. The association between dietary intake of total Fe or non-haem Fe with T2DM risk had no significance. Our findings suggested that higher dietary intake of haem Fe (especially from red meat), but not total Fe or non-haem Fe, was associated with greater T2DM risk in middle-aged and older adults.
A success story of reduction in childhood stunting and underweight in India: analysis of pooled data from three rounds of Indian Demographic and Health Surveys (1998–2016)
Authors: Srivastava Swati , Upadhyay Ashish Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study used a series of individual-level datasets from National Family Health Surveys conducted in 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16 to assess the factors behind the reduction in childhood stunting and underweight in India between the years 1998–99 and 2015–16. A multivariable decomposition regression analysis was performed. Results showed that the prevalence of childhood stunting declined from 49.4% in 1998–99 to 34.9% in 2015–16. Over the same period, the prevalence of childhood underweight declined from 41.9% in 1998–99 to 33.1% in 2015–16. The reduction in the prevalence of stunting was found to be contributed largely by a reduction in the combined prevalence of stunting and underweight (60%), followed by stunted only (21%) and the combined prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting (19%). Likewise, the reduction in the prevalence of underweight was contributed by a reduction in the combined prevalence of stunting and underweight and the combined prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting. Results of the decomposition analysis showed that over the period 1998–99 to 2015–16, improvement in wealth status and maternal education led to 13% and 12% declines, respectively, in childhood stunting and to 31% and 19% declines, respectively, in childhood underweight. Furthermore, reductions in childhood stunting and underweight were due to an increased average number of antenatal care visits, lower average birth order, decreased share of children with below-average birth size, increased use of clean fuel for cooking and a reduction in the practice of open defecation. These findings suggest that further reduction in the prevalence of childhood stunting and underweight could be attained through more equitable household economic growth, investment in girl’s education, greater access to improved toilet facilities, more widespread use of clean fuel for cooking, reduction in average birth order, increased antenatal care visits and greater consumption of IFA tablets by pregnant women. Policymakers need to prioritize these measures to further reduce malnutrition among Indian children.
Does Government Spending Crowd Out R&D Investment? Evidence from Government-Dependent Firms and Their Peers
Authors: Ngo Phong T. H. , Stanfield Jared 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe provide evidence that managerial incentives to manipulate real activities can influence the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Increases in federal spending lead government-dependent firms to expand research and development (R&D) investment whereas industry-peer firms contract. The net result is a reduction in industry-level R&D investment. We find evidence of a novel mechanism for the crowding out of peer-firm investment: peer-firm managers respond to falling relative performance by cutting R&D to manage current earnings upward. We show that these differential responses manifest in firm value. These findings are robust to endogeneity and selection concerns as well as a battery of alternative explanations.
Jeremy Waldron and the Circumstances of Politics
Authors: Latham-Gambi Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines Jeremy Waldron's concept of the “circumstances of politics” (CoP), which he describes as the felt need for a common decision in the face of disagreement. Waldron uses the CoP to detach certain issues surrounding civic virtue and institutional design from questions about substantive principles such as justice and human rights. While emphasis is often placed on the fact of disagreement, I argue that the other aspect of the CoP, the need for collective action, is in fact the more fundamental. Waldron's arguments rely on an understanding that there is expressive value in citizens affirming commitment to the political community and on an awareness of how the nature of politics as public collective action is structured by the constitutional architecture. I argue that a lopsided focus on disagreement threatens to obscure the fact that the political sphere is itself a fragile achievement that is in need of continual support.
‘We go for a homely feel … not the clinical dementia side’: care home managers’ experiences of supporting residents with dementia to orientate and navigate care environments
Authors: Heward Michelle , Adams Amanda , Hicks Ben , Wiener Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiving with dementia can adversely affect people's spatial (orientation and navigation) and reality (time, date and place) orientation, which can detrimentally impact on their sense of social inclusion and wellbeing. This is an important challenge to address within United Kingdom (UK) care homes where around 70 per cent of the residents are living with dementia or severe memory problems. Care home managers have some autonomy in decision-making that impacts on the daily functioning of residents and are key in enacting the orientation and navigation agenda within a care home environment. Yet a paucity of literature explores their understanding and experiences of this issue. Contributing to this knowledge gap, our exploratory study examined managers’ current practice of supporting residents with dementia to minimise disorientation and their knowledge of dementia-friendly design principles, guidelines and audit tools. Semi-structured telephone interviews with 12 UK care home managers were conducted. Questions started generally targeting residents’ orientation and navigation abilities, followed by specific questions to draw out strategies used to support residents. Thematic analysis identified three higher-order themes: aligning strategies with needs, intuitive learning and managing within the wider business context. The findings demonstrated that managers perceive dementia to impact on a person's spatial and reality orientation. Consequently, the strategies they chose to adopt were tailored towards alleviating both challenges. However, although managers were aware of some design principles, they frequently relied on intuitive learning and past experiences to inform their choice of interventions, reporting a lack of knowledge and/or time to seek out orientation-specific training and guidance, resulting in a low uptake of guidelines and audit tools in practice. This gap between theory and practice highlights a need for accessible guidelines that integrate strategies with neuropsychological theory, and appropriate training to improve orientation and navigation in care home environments. Managers, staff, business owners, architects and designers all play a key role in implementing orientation guidelines into practice and ensuring dementia-friendly care home environments for residents.
The effects of mobile apps on stress, anxiety, and depression: overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Khademian Fatemeh , Aslani Azam , Bastani Peivand 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Despite a large number of mobile apps in the field of mental health, it is difficult to find a useful and reliable one, mainly due to the fact that the effectiveness of many apps has not been assessed scientifically. The present study aimed to assess the effects of mental health apps on managing the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for the papers published from 2000 to 2019. Studies were included if they reviewed articles or mobile apps for their effectiveness in stress, anxiety, and depression. The reviews that had considered mobile apps or web-based mobile applications as an intervention or part of intervention were included, as well.

Results
A total of 4,999 peer-reviewed articles were identified, out of which nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Seven systematic reviews measured depression outcomes, three measured stress, and five systematic reviews measured anxiety symptoms. The applications that used behavior change strategies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Behavioral Activation, reported significant effects on depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion
It seems that mental health apps can be promising media for reducing depressive symptoms. This field is an emerging area of mobile health, and further research should be done in future in order to reach conclusive evidence.
The screening of congenital heart disease by cardiac auscultation and 12-lead electrocardiogram among Indonesian elementary school students
Authors: Dinarti Lucia K. , Murni Indah K. , Anggrahini Dyah W. , Dewanto Vera C. , Pritazahra Armalya , Hadwiono Muhammad R. , Fajarwati Prahesti , Hartopo Anggoro B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Screening for congenital heart disease (CHD) in school students is well-established in high-income countries; however, data from low-to-middle-income countries including Indonesia are limited.Aim:This study aimed to evaluate CHD screening methods by cardiac auscultation and 12-lead electrocardiogram to obtain the prevalence of CHD, confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography, among Indonesian school students.Methods:We conducted a screening programme in elementary school students in the Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The CHD screening was integrated into the annual health screening. The trained general practitioners and nurses participated in the screening. The primary screening was by cardiac auscultation and 12-lead electrocardiogram. The secondary screening was by transthoracic echocardiography performed on school students with abnormal findings in the primary screening.Results:A total of 6116 school students were screened within a 2-year period. As many as 329 (5.38%) school students were detected with abnormalities. Of those, 278 students (84.49%) had an abnormal electrocardiogram, 45 students (13.68%) had heart murmurs, and 6 students (1.82%) had both abnormalities. The primary screening programme was successfully implemented. The secondary screening was accomplished for 260 school students, and 18 students (6.9%) had heart abnormalities with 7 (2.7%) who were confirmed with septal defects and 11 (4.2%) had valve abnormalities. The overall prevalence was 0.29% (18 out of 6116).Conclusions:The primary screening by cardiac auscultation and 12-lead electrocardiogram was feasible and yielded 5.38% of elementary school students who were suspected with CHD. The secondary screening resulted in 6.9% confirmed cardiac abnormalities. The cardiac abnormality prevalence was 0.29%.
Dengue disease in a pediatric patient with severe idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Díaz Gabriel , Devia Claudia P. , De La Hoz Orlando M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDengue virus can affect the heart, with complications as bradycardia, arrhythmias, and death. We present a case of a 15-year-old patient, diagnosed 4 years before with severe idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, confirmed by catheterism, with continuous follow up. At that time, she was living in Bogotá (2640 m above sea level). Sildenafil and Macitentan were started. She was recommended to live at low altitude and she moved. The patient was transferred back to Bogota, from that place, due to flu-like symptoms and fever. Immunoglobulin M for dengue was confirmed and second-degree atrioventricular block Mobitz I with bradycardia (40 beats/minute) was documented throughout the clinical course. She recovered.
Micturition syncope with asystole in a paediatric patient
Authors: Trivedi Mira K. , Arora Gaurav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSyncope occurs frequently in children, and the differential includes situational syncope, specifically micturition syncope. We report the youngest child to our knowledge to have micturition syncope associated with a prolonged asystolic pause. He underwent a neurological and cardiovascular evaluation without additional findings. Behavioural modifications were instituted with no recurrent syncope.
Catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia in children using three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system: a 6-year single-centre experience
Authors: Sahin Gulhan Tunca , Kafali Hasan Candas , Ozturk Erkut , Guzeltas Alper , Ergul Yakup 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:This study demonstrates the clinical and electrophysiological details of catheter ablation conducted in children with focal atrial tachycardia using three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping systems.Patients and methods:Electrophysiological procedures were performed using the EnSite™ system.Results:Between 2014 and 2020, 60 children (median age 12.01 years [16 days–18 years]; median weight 41.5 kg [3–98 kg]) with focal atrial tachycardia and treated with catheter ablation were evaluated retrospectively. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy was developed in 15 patients (25%). Most of the focal atrial tachycardia foci were right-sided (75%), and more than one focus was found in four patients. Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 47 patients (irrigated radiofrequency ablation in seven cases), cryoablation in 9, and radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation in the same session in 4 patients. The median procedural time was 163.5 minutes (82–473 minutes). Fluoroscopy was used in 29 of (48.3%) patients (especially for left-side substrate) with a mean time of 8.6 ± 6.2 minutes. The acute success rate was 95%. The procedure failed in three patients, and recurrence was observed in 3.5% of patients (2/57) during a median follow-up of 17 months (2–69 months). The second ablation was performed in four cases, of which three were successful. Overall success rate was 96.6% with no major complications observed, except in one patient with minimal pericardial effusion.Conclusion:Catheter ablation seems to be an effective and safe treatment in focal atrial tachycardia. Electroanatomic mapping system can facilitate the ablation procedure and minimise radiation exposure.
Proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with prediabetes in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Møller Marco , Fredholm Simon , Jensen Mathias E. , Wörtwein Gitta , Larsen Julie R. , Vilsbøll Tina , Ødum Niels , Fink-Jensen Anders 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers are present in patients with T2D. We previously demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide significantly reduced glucometabolic disturbances and body weight in prediabetic, overweight/obese schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine. This study aims to assess the involvement of cytokines in the therapeutic effects of liraglutide.MethodsSerum concentrations of 10 cytokines (interferon-γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13) from fasting prediabetic and normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were measured using multiplexed immunoassays. Prediabetic patients were randomized to 16 weeks of treatment with liraglutide or placebo, and cytokines were measured again at the end of the treatment.ResultsIFN-γ (1.98 vs 1.17 pg/ml, P = .001), IL-4 (0.02 vs 0.01 pg/ml, P < .001), and IL-6 (0.73 vs 0.46 pg/ml, P < .001) were significantly higher in prediabetic (n = 77) vs NGT patients (n = 31). No significant changes in cytokine levels following treatment with liraglutide (n = 37) vs placebo (n = 40) were found.ConclusionPrediabetic vs NGT patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or olanzapine had increased serum levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, further substantiating the link between inflammation and T2D. Treatment with liraglutide did not affect the investigated cytokines. Further testing of these findings in larger numbers of individuals is needed.
A scoping review of studies exploring leisure-time physical activity in adults diagnosed with advanced cancer
Authors: Shallwani Shirin M. , Ranger Marie-Christine , Thomas Roanne , Brosseau Lucie , Poitras Stéphane , Sikora Lindsey , King Judy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesDespite improving survival rates, people with advanced cancer face several physical and psychosocial concerns. Leisure-time physical activity (LPA) has been found to be beneficial after cancer diagnosis, but little is known about the current state of research exploring LPA in advanced cancer. Our objectives were to (a) map the literature examining LPA in people with advanced cancer, (b) report on the terms used to describe the advanced cancer population within the literature, and (c) examine how the concept of LPA is operationalized within the literature.MethodOur scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. We performed a search of 11 electronic databases and supplementary sources (February 2018; database search updated January 2020). Two reviewers independently reviewed and selected articles according to the inclusion criteria: English-language journal articles on original primary research studies exploring LPA in adults diagnosed with advanced cancer. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed.ResultsNinety-two articles met our criteria. Most included studies were published in the last decade (80%) and used quantitative methods (77%). Many study populations included mixed (40%), breast (21%), or lung (17%) cancers. Stages 3–4 or metastatic disease were frequently indicated to describe study populations (77%). Several studies (68%) described LPA programs or interventions. Of these, 78% involved structured aerobic/resistance exercise, while 16% explored other LPA types.Significance of resultsThis review demonstrates a recent surge in research exploring LPA in advanced cancer, particularly studies examining exercise interventions with traditional quantitative methods. There remains insufficient knowledge about patient experiences and perceptions toward LPA. Moreover, little is known about other leisure activities (e.g., Tai Chi, dance, and sports) for this population. To optimize the benefits of LPA in people with advanced cancer, research is needed to address the gaps in the current literature and to develop personalized, evidence-based supportive care strategies in cancer care.
Dynamic DNA methylation changes in early versus late adulthood suggest nondeterministic effects of childhood adversity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Artigas Rocio , Vega-Tapia Fabián , Hamilton James , Krause Bernardo J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a high risk of developing chronic diseases and decreased life expectancy, but no ACE epigenetic biomarkers have been identified until now. The latter may result from the interaction of multiple factors such as age, sex, degree of adversity, and lack of transcriptional effects of DNA methylation changes. We hypothesize that DNA methylation changes are related to childhood adversity levels and current age, and these markers evolve as aging proceeds. Two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, regarding ACE, were selected (GSE72680 and GSE70603), considering raw- and meta-data availability, including validated ACE index (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) score). For DNA methylation, analyzed probes were restricted to those laying within promoters and first exons, and samples were grouped by CTQ scores terciles, to compare highly (ACE) with non-abused (control) cases. Comparison of control and ACE methylome profile did not retrieve differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) after correcting by false discovery rate < 0.05, and this was also observed when samples were separated by sex. In contrast, grouping by decade age ranges (i.e., the 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s) showed a progressive increase in the number of DMCs and the intensity of changes, mainly related with hypomethylation. Comparison with transcriptome data for ACE subjects in the 40s, and 50s showed a similar age-dependent effect. This study provides evidence that epigenetic markers of ACE are age-dependent, but not defined in the long term. These differences among early, middle, and late adulthood epigenomic profiles suggest a window for interventions aimed to prevent the detrimental effects of ACE.
Multiple Linear Regression Models for Reconstructing and Exploring Processes Controlling the Carbonate System of the Northeast US From Basic Hydrographic Data
Authors: McGarry K. , Siedlecki S. A. , Salisbury J. , Alin S. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the coastal ocean, local carbonate system variability is determined by the interaction between ocean acidification and local processes. Sporadic observations indicate that biological metabolism, river input, and water mass mixing are dominant local processes driving carbonate system variability in northeast US shelf waters. These processes are also reflected in the variability of observed temperature (T), salinity (S), oxygen concentration (O2), and nitrate concentration (NO3−). Therefore, regionally specific empirical models can be developed, which relate carbonate system parameters to a combination of basic hydrographic parameters. Here, we develop multiple linear regression models that represent the processes that drive carbonate system variability in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine using observations obtained on three hydrographic surveys in summers between 2007 and 2015. The empirical model equations reveal the observation‐based relationships between carbonate parameters and basic hydrographic variables. Unlike other regions where empirical models have been developed, salinity appears in all models. T is the most important parameter for predicting aragonite saturation state (ΩAR), while S and O2 are most important for predicting pH on total scale (pHT). The basic hydrographic variables explain over 98% of the variability in total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and ΩAR and 89% of the variability in pHT in the calibration data. We recommend applying models that depend on T, S, O2, and NO3− as predictors, which reproduce TA and DIC with R2 > 0.97, ΩAR with R2 > 0.93, and pHT with R2 > 0.77, to reconstruct carbonate system parameters in the region.