bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handheld Ultrasound
Authors: Acuña Josie , Sorenson Jacob , Gades Anthony , Wyatt Ryan , Stea Nicholas , Drachman Maili , Adhikari Srikar 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a handheld ultrasound device for difficult peripheral intravenous (PIV) access performed by nurses and paramedics in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis was a retrospective review at an academic medical center. Participants were ED nurses and paramedics with competence in ultrasound‐guided PIV placement. Participants were asked to log their use of the handheld device when used on patients deemed to have “difficult” access and complete a questionnaire, which consisted of items related to the effectiveness and ease of use of the device. Data were collected over the course of 1 year. An electronic medical record review was performed to track the success rates and the occurrence of any associated complications throughout the hospital stay.ResultsNurses and paramedics logged a total of 483 cases in which PIV access was attempted with the handheld ultrasound device. Ninety‐two percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%–94%) of the ultrasound‐guided PIV lines attempted were placed successfully. Eighty‐four percent (95% CI, 80%–87%) of the lines were placed successfully on the first attempt. In most cases (396 of 483 [82%]), no complications associated with the PIV occurred. A total of 429 questionnaires were completed over the study period. Most of the operators (84%; 95% CI, 80%–87%) stated that the handheld device was adequate to perform ultrasound‐guided PIV access.ConclusionsThe handheld ultrasound device performed well in terms of usability and reliability for PIV access.
Application of infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of nutritional content and quality assessment of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Johnson Joel B. , Walsh Kerry , Naiker Mani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith growing consumer interest and demand for health‐benefiting functional foods such as faba beans, particularly evident in developed countries, commercial production of this crop is increasing. In concert with increased production levels comes an equally great need for the inexpensive rapid measurement of nutritional parameters for quality determining purposes. As an analytical tool, near‐infrared spectroscopy has been well explored for the quantification of proximate nutritional composition, such as protein, starch and oil contents in faba bean and faba bean‐derived products. Near‐infrared spectroscopy has also been demonstrated to have potential for the noninvasive prediction of low‐level micronutrients such as the total polyphenol content in faba bean and faba bean‐derived products, although further exploration in this area is required to provide a more acceptable model. In some instances, the authors may be inadvertently measuring micronutrient concentrations through a secondary correlation with certain macronutrients. It is particularly difficult to determine if this is the case if exacerbated by the lack of an independent validation test set in the paper in question. The associated technique of mid‐infrared spectroscopy shows particular promise for the rapid, noninvasive characterisation of structural components of faba bean, such as carbohydrates and proteins. Complementary applications of these two technologies are likely to yield a wealth of potential applications.
Parallel Generative Topographic Mapping: An Efficient Approach for Big Data Handling
Authors: Lin Arkadii , Baskin Igor I. , Marcou Gilles , Horvath Dragos , Beck Bernd , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenerative Topographic Mapping (GTM) can be efficiently used to visualize, analyze and model large chemical data. The GTM manifold needs to span the chemical space deemed relevant for a given problem. Therefore, the Frame set (FS) of compounds used for the manifold construction must well cover a given chemical space. Intuitively, the FS size must raise with the size and diversity of the target library. At the same time, the GTM training can be very slow or even becomes technically impossible at FS sizes of the order of 105 compounds – which is a very small number compared to today's commercially accessible compounds, and, especially, to the theoretically feasible molecules. In order to solve this problem, we propose a Parallel GTM algorithm based on the merging of “intermediate” manifolds constructed in parallel for different subsets of molecules. An ensemble of these subsets forms a FS for the “final” manifold. In order to assess the efficiency of the new algorithm, 80 GTMs were built on the FSs of different sizes ranging from 10 to 1.8 M compounds selected from the ChEMBL database. Each GTM was challenged to build classification models for up to 712 biological activities (depending on the FS size). With the novel parallel GTM procedure, we could thus cover the entire spectrum of possible FS sizes, whereas previous studies were forced to rely on the working hypothesis that FS sizes of few thousands of compounds are sufficient to describe the ChEMBL chemical space. In fact, this study formally proves this to be true: a FS containing only 5000 randomly picked compounds is sufficient to represent the entire ChEMBL collection (1.8 M molecules), in the sense that a further increase of FS compound numbers has no benefice impact on the predictive propensity of the above‐mentioned 712 activity classification models. Parallel GTM may, however, be required to generate maps based on very large FS, that might improve chemical space cartography of big commercial and virtual libraries, approaching billions of compounds
Modulating electromagnetic properties in three‐dimensional diamond‐structured photonic crystals with double planar defects
Authors: Chen Shibin , Zhao Xin , Yao Yunshi , Gao Yongchang , Shi Xingtai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) diamond structure photonic crystals (PhCs) with planar defects were fabricated with alumina using 3D printing combining gel casting, sintering process, and vacuum freezing‐dry technique. In this article, the influences of twinned planar defect and the positions of planar defect in a single lattice period on the transmission properties of the electromagnetic wave (EM) in the PhCs is studied. The normalized resonant intensities are 0.5 for twinned planar defected photonic crystals (PhCs). When the planar defect position lies in the nonkey positions (key position is n*(a/4)), the band gap becomes narrow and the resonant peak disappears. When the twinned planar defected with different interval periods is integer, obvious resonant peaks can be found in the EM band gap of the planar defects PhCs with 2 and 3 symmetrical periods. When a PhC with two planar defects is constructed, its band gap width increases and the resonant peaks intensities decrease.
A compact multiband dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Guo Qianqian , Zhang Jingwei , Zhu Jiajia , Yan Dandan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA compact multiband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is proposed in this study for worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless local area network, and fifth‐generation applications. The dielectric resonator antenna is fed by a 2‐slot etched coplanar waveguide with a conformal strip feed, a dielectric resonator with a dielectric constant of 37 is used and embedded into the substrate, and a foam substrate is used as a holder. The RDRA exhibits multiband and omnidirectional radiation patterns by generating a monopole mode as well as the typical and modes, which provides impedance bandwidths (|S11| < −10 dB) of 29.0% at the first band, 15.1% at the second band, and 6.2% at the third band. Additionally, the RDRA achieves a maximum total efficiency of 94.4% at 4.8 GHz and an overall total efficiency of 70% at the desired frequency bands.
Dose image prediction for range and width verifications from carbon ion‐induced secondary electron bremsstrahlung x‐rays using deep learning workflow
Authors: Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Liu Chih‐Chieh , Huang Hsuan‐Ming , Yabe Takuya , Akagi Takashi , Kawachi Naoki , Yamamoto Seiichi 
Published: April 2020

PurposeImaging of the secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB) x rays emitted during particle‐ion irradiation is a promising method for beam range estimation. However, the SEB x‐ray images are not directly correlated to the dose images. In addition, limited spatial resolution of the x‐ray camera and low‐count situation may impede correctly estimating the beam range and width in SEB x‐ray images. To overcome these limitations of the SEB x‐ray images measured by the x‐ray camera, a deep learning (DL) approach was proposed in this work to predict the dose images for estimating the range and width of the carbon ion beam on the measured SEB x‐ray images.MethodsTo prepare enough data for the DL training efficiently, 10,000 simulated SEB x‐ray and dose image pairs were generated by our in‐house developed model function for different carbon ion beam energies and doses. The proposed DL neural network consists of two U‐nets for SEB x ray to dose image conversion and super resolution. After the network being trained with these simulated x‐ray and dose image pairs, the dose images were predicted from simulated and measured SEB x‐ray testing images for performance evaluation.ResultsFor the 500 simulated testing images, the average mean squared error (MSE) was 2.5 × 10−5 and average structural similarity index (SSIM) was 0.997 while the error of both beam range and width was within 1 mm FWHM. For the three measured SEB x‐ray images, the MSE was no worse than 5.5 × 10−3 and SSIM was no worse than 0.980 while the error of the beam range and width was 2 mm and 5 mm FWHM, respectively.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the advantages of predicting dose images from not only simulated data but also measured data using our deep learning approach.
RARE two‐point Dixon with dual bandwidths
Authors: Rydén Henric , Berglund Johan , Norbeck Ola , Avventi Enrico , Sprenger Tim , van Niekerk Adam , Skare Stefan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo investigate the impact of dual readout bandwidths (dBW) in a dual echo fat/water acquisition and describe a dBW‐rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence where the concept is used to improve SNR by removing dead times between refocusing pulses and avoiding redundant Chemical‐shift encoded.MethodsCramér‐Rao bounds and Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate a two‐point fat/water model where the difference in bandwidths is incorporated. In vivo images were acquired at 1.5 and 3 T with the dBW‐rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence. Typical bandwidth ratios were 1:2. SNR was compared with a single bandwidth sequence under identical scan parameters at 3T.ResultsMonte Carlo simulations and Cramér‐Rao analysis demonstrate that number of signal averages can be improved with dual bandwidths compared to conventional single bandwidth acquisitions. The dBW‐rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence can acquire images with high readout resolutions with well‐conditioned sampling. An SNR improvement of 52% was measured, in line with the theoretical gain of 54%.ConclusionsThe proposed dBW‐rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence is a highly SNR‐efficient two‐point rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence without dead times, and can acquire images at higher resolutions than current vendor‐supplied alternatives.
Echo planar time‐resolved imaging with subspace reconstruction and optimized spatiotemporal encoding
Authors: Dong Zijing , Wang Fuyixue , Reese Timothy G. , Bilgic Berkin , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop new encoding and reconstruction techniques for fast multi‐contrast/quantitative imaging.MethodsThe recently proposed Echo Planar Time‐resolved Imaging (EPTI) technique can achieve fast distortion‐ and blurring‐free multi‐contrast/quantitative imaging. In this work, a subspace reconstruction framework is developed to improve the reconstruction accuracy of EPTI at high encoding accelerations. The number of unknowns in the reconstruction is significantly reduced by modeling the temporal signal evolutions using low‐rank subspace. As part of the proposed reconstruction approach, a B0‐update algorithm and a shot‐to‐shot B0 variation correction method are developed to enable the reconstruction of high‐resolution tissue phase images and to mitigate artifacts from shot‐to‐shot phase variations. Moreover, the EPTI concept is extended to 3D k‐space for 3D GE‐EPTI, where a new “temporal‐variant” of CAIPI encoding is proposed to further improve performance.ResultsThe effectiveness of the proposed subspace reconstruction was demonstrated first in 2D GESE EPTI, where the reconstruction achieved higher accuracy when compared to conventional B0‐informed GRAPPA. For 3D GE‐EPTI, a retrospective undersampling experiment demonstrates that the new temporal‐variant CAIPI encoding can achieve up to 72× acceleration with close to 2× reduction in reconstruction error when compared to conventional spatiotemporal‐CAIPI encoding. In a prospective undersampling experiment, high‐quality whole‐brain
and tissue phase maps at 1 mm isotropic resolution were acquired in 52 seconds at 3T using 3D GE‐EPTI with temporal‐variant CAIPI encoding.ConclusionThe proposed subspace reconstruction and optimized temporal‐variant CAIPI encoding can further improve the performance of EPTI for fast quantitative mapping.
Numerical comparison of Rayleigh and Love full waveform inversion in characterizing soil spatial variability for near‐surface engineering applications
Authors: Mahvelati Siavash , Coe Joseph Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe use of surface wave testing for near‐surface engineering applications has increased in recent years. Typical surface wave analysis is based on the dispersion of surface waves in one‐dimensional layered models. One‐dimensional models are inappropriate for measurements at sites with appreciable lateral variability, a likely scenario in many engineering applications. Use of such models can subsequently undermine the reliability and accuracy of the surface wave results. Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a high‐resolution imaging technique that is proven to outperform the conventional dispersion‐based analysis of surface waves. Much of the near‐surface literature has focused on full waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves developed by the interaction of primary‐ and vertically polarized shear waves (P‐SV), and the capabilities of surface waves generated by horizontally polarized shear waves (Love waves) in mapping near‐surface spatial variabilities have not been fully explored. In this numerical study, full waveform inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves was performed on two different spatially correlated Gaussian random fields (meanVSof 200 and 500 m/s) to mimic the natural spatial variability of geologic materials. Each soil structure was produced at a low and high level of stiffness variability. Two sources with different frequency contents, 25 and 50 Hz, were used to evaluate the effects of source characteristics on the resolution of Rayleigh and Love waveform inversions. The inverted results from the high‐velocity domain demonstrated that Love waveform inversion using high‐frequency seismic sources outperforms Rayleigh full waveform inversion in detecting the shape and the velocities of horizontally deposited geologic materials. Results from the low‐velocity domain also confirmed that Love full waveform inversion was comparable or superior to Rayleigh full waveform inversion, though the performance difference was less significant. However, the 25‐Hz frequency inversions yielded superior results than the 50‐Hz frequency inversions for the low‐velocity domain because the dominant wavelength of the high‐frequency signals becomes so small that it offers an impractically small investigation depth.
Tumour‐suppressive effect of oestrogen receptor β in colorectal cancer patients, colon cancer cells, and a zebrafish model
Authors: Topi Geriolda , Satapathy Shakti Ranjan , Dash Pujarini , Fred Mehrabi Syrina , Ehrnström Roy , Olsson Roger , Lydrup Marie‐Louise , Sjölander Anita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOestrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been suggested to have anti‐proliferative and anti‐tumour effects in breast and prostate cancer cells, but other studies have indicated its tumour‐promoting effects. Understanding the complex effects of this receptor in different contexts requires further study. We reported that high ERβ expression is independently associated with improved prognosis in female colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Herein, we investigated the possible anti‐tumour effect of ERβ and its selective agonist. CRC patients with high ERβ expression had significantly higher levels of membrane‐associated β‐catenin, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT2R), and 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH), which have anti‐tumour effects, but lower levels of nuclear β‐catenin, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), which have tumour‐promoting effects. These interesting findings were further supported by two different publicly available CRC mRNA datasets that showed a significant positive correlation between ERβ expression and 15‐PGDH and CysLT2R expression and a negative correlation between ERβ expression and β‐catenin, CysLT1R, and COX‐2 expression. We next evaluated ERβ expression in three different colon cancer mouse models; ERβ expression was negatively correlated with tumourigenesis. Furthermore, treatment with the ERβ‐agonist ERB‐041 reduced CysLT1R, active β‐catenin, and COX‐2 levels but increased phospho‐β‐catenin, CysLT2R, and 15‐PGDH levels in HCT‐116, Caco‐2, and SW‐480 colon cancer cells compared to vehicle‐treated cells. Interestingly, ERB‐041‐treated cells showed significantly decreased migration, survival, and colonosphere formation and increased apoptotic activity, as indicated by increased CASPASE‐3 and apoptotic blebs. Finally, patients with low ERβ expression had significantly more distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis than patients with high ERβ expression. Therefore, we studied the effects of ERB‐041‐treated colon cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. We found significantly less distant metastasis of ERB‐041‐treated cells compared to vehicle‐treated cells. These results further support ERβʼs anti‐tumour role in CRC and the possible use of its agonist in CRC patients. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evaluation of VTP‐50469, a menin‐MLL1 inhibitor, against Ewing sarcoma xenograft models by the pediatric preclinical testing consortium
Authors: Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Bandyopadhyay Abhik , Favours Edward , Pozo Vanessa Del , Ghilu Samson , Phelps Doris A. , McGeehan Gerard M. , Erickson Stephen W. , Smith Malcolm A. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundVTP‐50469 is a potent inhibitor of the menin‐MLL1 interaction and is implicated in signaling downstream of EWSR1‐FLI1.ProcedureVTP‐50469 was evaluated against seven Ewing sarcoma (EwS) xenograft models and in vitro against EwS cell lines.ResultsVTP‐50469 showed limited antitumor activity, statistically significantly slowing tumor progression in four tumor models but with no evidence of tumor regression. In vitro, the IC50 concentration was 10 nM for the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)‐rearranged leukemia cell line MV4;11, but > 3 μM for EwS cell lines.ConclusionsIn contrast to its high level of activity against MLL1‐rearranged leukemia xenografts, VTP‐50469 shows little activity against EwS models.
Financial toxicity of childhood cancer and changes to parents’ employment after treatment completion
Authors: Kelada Lauren , Wakefield Claire E. , Vetsch Janine , Schofield Deborah , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Hetherington Kate , O'Brien Tracey , Cohn Richard J. , Anazodo Antoinette , Viney Rosalie , Zeppel Melanie J.B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveChildhood cancer can have short‐ and long‐term impacts on parents’ finances and employment. It is important to understand how families adjust to the financial and employment changes caused by childhood cancer, the ongoing impacts after treatment completion, and which families need more targeted support. Qualitative research is necessary to facilitate an in‐depth understanding of the employment and financial impacts on families and to capture parents’ complex and nuanced experiences and perspectives.MethodsWe interviewed 56 parents of childhood cancer survivors (M = 2.13 years after treatment completion; 89% mothers) using the vocational and financial impact section of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale–Carer Interview Form. We analyzed interviews using content analysis.ResultsParents reported multiple sources of financial toxicity including travel to and from the hospital and needing to reduce their working hours during their child's cancer treatment. Workplace flexibility was an important factor to protect against unwanted vocational changes. After treatment completion, families living in low socioeconomic areas commonly reported ongoing financial difficulties. Mothers, particularly those who were on maternity leave when their child was diagnosed with cancer, reported ongoing employment impacts including unemployment.ConclusionsClinical staff including social workers could more consistently assess families’ financial distress and refer to professional services who can offer guidance for financial decision‐making as standard care. Flexible workplace agreements appear important for parents of children with cancer. Our findings can assist organizations to understand that cancer‐related disruptions are likely to continue after treatment completion, and therefore should offer benefits to parents where possible.
Rapid whole exome sequencing in pregnancies to identify the underlying genetic cause in fetuses with congenital anomalies detected by ultrasound imaging
Authors: Deden Chantal , Neveling Kornelia , Zafeiropopoulou Dimitra , Gilissen Christian , Pfundt Rolph , Rinne Tuula , de Leeuw Nicole , Faas Brigitte , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Sallevelt Suzanne C. E. H. , Paulussen Aimee , Stevens Servi J. C. , Sikkel Esther , Elting Mariet W. , van Maarle Merel C. , Diderich Karin E. M. , Corsten‐Janssen Nicole , Lichtenbelt Klaske D. , Lachmeijer Guus , Vissers Lisenka E. L. M. , Yntema Helger G. , Nelen Marcel , Feenstra Ilse , van Zelst‐Stams Wendy A. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic yield and clinical utility of trio‐based rapid whole exome sequencing (rWES) in pregnancies of fetuses with a wide range of congenital anomalies detected by ultrasound imaging.MethodsIn this observational study, we analyzed the first 54 cases referred to our laboratory for prenatal rWES to support clinical decision making, after the sonographic detection of fetal congenital anomalies. The most common identified congenital anomalies were skeletal dysplasia (n = 20), multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 17) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 7).ResultsA conclusive diagnosis was identified in 18 of the 54 cases (33%). Pathogenic variants were detected most often in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia (n = 11) followed by fetuses with multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 4) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 3). A survey, completed by the physicians for 37 of 54 cases, indicated that the rWES results impacted clinical decision making in 68% of cases.ConclusionsThese results suggest that rWES improves prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with congenital anomalies, and has an important impact on prenatal and peripartum parental and clinical decision making.