bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilocus sequence typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Hainan, China
Authors: Chen Li , Li Na , Guo Yaqiong , Zhao Jianguo , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnterocytozoon bieneusiis one of common intestinal pathogens in humans and animals including non-human primates (NHPs). Many zoonotic pathogens includingE. bieneusihave been found in these animals. However, there are few studies on the population structure ofE. bieneusiin NHPs. To infer the gene diversity and population genetics ofE. bieneusi, we selected 88E. bieneusi-positive samples from crab-eating macaques for multilocus characterizations in this study.MethodsTheE. bieneusiisolates examined belonged to three common genotypes with different host ranges by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS): Type IV (n = 44), Macaque3 (n = 24) and Peru8 (n = 20). They were further characterized by sequence analysis at four microsatellite and minisatellite loci (MS1, MS3, MS4 and MS7). DnaSP, Arlequin and LIAN were used to analyze the sequence data together with those from the ITS locus to infer the population genetics. Subpopulation structure was inferred using phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analyses.ResultsSeventy-two (81.8%), 71 (80.7%), 76 (86.4%) and 79 (89.8%) samples were amplified and sequenced successfully at the MS1, MS3, MS4 and MS7 loci, respectively, with 53 having sequence data at all five MLST loci including ITS. Altogether, 33 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were produced based on concatenated sequences from the 53 samples. In phylogenetic analyses of sequences and allelic data, four major subpopulations (SPs) were observed with different ITS genotypes in each of them: Type IV and Peru8 in SP1 and SP2; Type IV, Macaque3 and Peru8 in SP3; and Type IV and Macaque3 in SP4. SP3 and SP4 were phylogenetically related and might be NHP-specific based on the fact that Macaque3 is mostly found in NHPs. A strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed among the multilocus sequences and allelic data.ConclusionsThe significant LD in the multilocus sequence analysis indicated the presence of an overall clonal population structure ofE. bieneusiin crab-eating macaques. The inconsistent segregation of MLGs among ITS genotypes suggested some occurrence of genetic recombination. These observations should improve our understanding of the population genetics ofE. bieneusiin NHPs.
A UK wide study of current prostate planning practice
Authors: Taylor Timothy , Richmond Neil 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
The objective of this work was to undertake a non-judgemental study of prostate planning practice across the UK by inviting all departments to undertake the same case.

Methods:
An invitation to take part in the study was sent to the Heads of all UK radiotherapy departments and posted on the UK Medical Physics mailbase. Individuals interested in participating were able to access a single anonymised CT dataset for download with the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bladder, rectum, bowel, femoral heads, and penile bulb outlined. A brief patient history was also supplied. Participants were asked to create planning target volumes (PTVs) according to their local clinical protocol and plan to give 60 Gy in 20 fractions to the PTV receiving the highest dose. No guidance was given for acceptable organ at risk doses. Dicom plan and dose information was loaded back into ProKnow for analysis by contributors.

Results:
There were 102 plan submissions made to the study representing 48 different UK radiotherapy departments. Seventeen distinct methodologies for creating the prescription PTV from the prostate and seminal vesicles were identified with the ethos of the CHHIP trial protocol for margin growing followed in nearly two-thirds of cases. Positive correlations were found when assessing the doses received by the bladder and rectum against the volume of the PTV to which 60 Gy was prescribed.

Conclusions:
A national planning study whereby staff from a multitude of radiotherapy departments create plans based solely on a single dataset is feasible. The cohort of data was made available to all participants following the study to enable self-assessment and benchmarking against that of their peers.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first UK wide treatment planning study to investigate local clinical prostate planning practice. This has given UK departments the opportunity to evaluate their planning practices against those of their peers.
<p><strong>Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela</strong></p>
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F 
Published: April 2020

Eight new species of Neotropical cicadas from Venezuela are described and illustrated along with the first records of three additional species for the country. Ariasa venezuelaensis sp. nov., Guyalna pygmaea sp. nov., Parnisa castanepronotum sp. nov., Parnisa licina sp. nov., Calyria minutopercula sp. nov., Carineta maracayensis sp. nov., Carineta seriemaculata sp. nov., and Herrera quadroacuminata sp. nov. are described as new. The first records for Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892), Taphura sauliensis Boulard, 1971, and Carineta socia Uhler, 1875 and the genus Herrera Distant, 1905 are provided for Venezuela. Additional information is provided to distinguish these species from related Venezuelan cicadas. Key words: Taxonomy, Ariasa, Guyalna, Taphura, Parnisa, Calyria, Carineta, Herrera, Neotropics, South America
The situatedness of meaning construction in Wisława Szymborska’s “Cat in an Empty Apartment”
Authors: Stadnik Katarzyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
So far the cognitively-oriented study of literature has largely missed out on the cognitive conception of situatedness, which holds that human mental activity should be seen through the lens of its grounding in the physical, social and cultural milieu of the individual. Accordingly, the article shows the value of this approach in a Cognitive Linguistic analysis of Wisława Szymborska’s poem “Cat in an Empty Apartment”, setting out the ways in which situatedness underlies dynamic meaning construction in the production and reception of the work, giving rise to the singularity (Attridge 2004. The singularity of literature. London-New York: Routledge) of the poem. The paper concludes that situatedness can illuminate how the interplay of cognitive, linguistic, social and cultural factors might be brought to bear on the singularity of a literary work.
Inventory management and performance of Brazilian firms
Authors: Cardoso Guilherme , Quirós Dannie Carr , Souza Guilherme Santos , Ribeiro Karem Cristina de Sousa 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The inventory management faces a trade-off which affects firms in the relationship between whether maintaining high inventories and decreasing the probability of stock-outs or keeping inventory levels lower and applying the excess cash to other investments. Thus, this paper investigates the relationship between inventory management and performance.
Method: The sample is comprised of non-financial Brazilian firms listed in the BM&FBovespa from 2010 to 2016, and due to inventory is not to be a relevant factor in the revenues of all the firms of the initial sample, it was applied a procedure to refine the sample through a simple linear regression to only comprise firms with a significant relationship between inventory and sales. To test the assumptions declared by the study, we used a quantitative approach based in a regression analysis.
Results: The results indicate that the model which considers value added measurement of performance shows that there is no relationship between inventory and performance. However, a robustness check was done using the ROA to measure the performance and, in this scenario, there was a statistically inverted U-shaped relation between the profitability, the net trade cycle and its square. This means that a non-linear relationship between the variables were found, which follows the idea of an optimal level of inventory and performance.
Contributions: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates an inflection point between inventory management and performance in Brazilian firms. The findings have relevant practical guidelines to the Brazilian firms and researchers in the analysis of the performance related to the net trade cycle, which it can be suggested that the Brazilian shareholders are not concerned about internal factors, as the inventory management, but if the firm is being managed profitable.
Estudio de la diferenciación prenatal del útero de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos) entre el primer y segundo tercio de gestación
Authors: Ferradas Cusi , Mendoza Galy , Llerena Cielo , Barbeito Claudio , Castro Alejandra , Ghezzi Marcelo 
Published: April 2020

En la alpaca adulta y en fetos de tercer tercio de gestación, el cuerno uterino izquierdo es más grande que el derecho, además de que presenta ventaja en cuanto a la irrigación. El presente trabajo buscó identificar el momento de diferenciación del tamaño de los cuernos uterinos y los factores anatómicos que influencian esta diferencia, basándose en las relaciones topográficas de éstos con los órganos vecinos y en las características vasculares. Con tal fin, se trabajaron muestras de fetos hembras de diferentes tamaños obtenidos en el Camal Municipal de la Ciudad de Huancavelica, Perú. Los resultados del estudio topográfico indicaron la influencia del desarrollo del estómago y del bazo sobre la forma y la posición del útero, así como la influencia de la flexura del colon sigmoideo sobre el menor tamaño del cuerno uterino derecho. Además, se encontró diferencia significativa entre las medidas del ancho de ambos conductos paramesonéfricos durante el primer tercio de gestación, y entre las medidas del largo y el ancho de los cuernos uterinos en fetos al inicio del segundo tercio gestacional. Macroscópicamente, se observó un patrón vascular similar al de úteros de tercer tercio de gestación y de animales adultos, encontrando una rama comunicante entre las arterias uterinas. Se concluye que la diferenciación del tamaño de los cuernos uterinos es evidente en el inicio del segundo tercio gestacional y que esta condición está influenciada por la posición y el tamaño de las vísceras abdominales, lo que permite un mayor desarrollo del cuerno uterino izquierdo.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil using Bio piles System
Authors: Et al. Jabbar 
Published: April 2020

This study was focused on biotreatment of soil which polluted by petroleum compounds (Diesel) which caused serious environmental problems. One of the most effective and promising ways to treat diesel-contaminated soil is bioremediation. It is a choice that offers the potential to destroy harmful pollutants using biological activity.
Four bacterial strains were isolated from diesel contaminated soil samples. The isolates were identified by the Vitek 2 system, as Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pentoae species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae. The potential of biological surfactant production was tested using the Sigma 703D stand-alone tensiometer showed that these isolates are biological surfactant producers. The better results of the surface tension reduction test were obtained using the mixed bacterial culture which reduced the surface tension of the medium from 66mN/m to 33.89mN/m. For further evidence of the biodegradation effect of these isolates individually and as a mixed culture, which was supported by the use of Gas-Chromatography technology confirming the occurrence of biodegradation.
The capability of mixed bacterial culture was examined to remediate the diesel contaminated soil in bio piles system. Two pilot scale bio piles (25 kg soil each) were constructed containing soils contaminated with approximately 2140 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Both systems were equipped with oxygen to provide aerobic conditions, incubated at ambient temperature and weekly sampling within 35 days (during summer season). Overall 75.71 % of the total petroleum hydrocarbons were removed from the amended soil and 33.18 % of the control soil at the end of study period. The study concluded that the ex-situ bioremediation (bio piles) is a good option for treating the soil contaminated with diesel as economical and environmentally friendly.
Comparing Empathy in Medical Students of two Portuguese Medicine Schools
Authors: Santiago Luiz Miguel , Silva Inês Rosendo , Coutinho Mona Lisa , Maurício Kati , Neto Isabel , Simões José Augusto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate differences in empathy between the Integrated Master’s degree in Medicine (MIM) students from the Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra (FMUC) and the Faculty of Health Sciences - University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI). Methodology Cross-sectional observational study with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy – students’ Portuguese version (JSPE – spv) to 1st, 3rd and 6th year students of the 2017/2018 academic year with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results Size representative sample of 795 students. Higher total empathy score (TES) (p=0.008) and "Perspective taking" (p=0.001) in FCS-UBI were found. JSPE-TES was higher in FCS-UBI, 3rd year (p=0.038). Higher FCS-UBI "Perspective taking" in the 1st year (p=0.030) and 6th year (p=0.044), for "Compassionate care" in the 3rd (p=0.019) and for "Standing in the patient’s shoes" in the 1st year (p=0.018) and in FMUC for "Compassionate care" in the 1st year (p=0.037) and the "Standing in the patient’s shoes" in the 3rd year (p=0.002) were found. Higher levels of empathy were found in FCS-UBI female students, for JSPE-TES (p=0.045) and "Perspective taking" (p=0.001).Conclusion Higher e mpathy levels in FCS-UBI were found, with different results in the third year suggesting influence of the medical course teaching characteristics.
Modulation of SIRT3 expression through CDK4/6 enhances the anti-cancer effect of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Jo HanHee , Park Yusun , Kim Taehun , Kim Jisu , Lee JongSook , Kim Seon yoo , Chung Jee-in , Ko Hae yong , Pyun Jae-Chul , Kim Kyung Sik , Lee Misu , Yun Mijin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The only drug currently approved for clinical use in the treatment of advanced HCC is sorafenib. However, many patients with HCC show reduced sensitivity to sorafenib during treatment. SIRT3, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, is a tumor suppressor in certain tumor types. However, only few studies have investigated the effects of SIRT3 on tumor prognosis and sorafenib sensitivity in patients with HCC. Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between SIRT3 expression and glucose metabolism and proliferation in HCC and discover effective compounds that increase endogenous SIRT3 modulation effect of sorafenib.
Methods: To determine the correlation between SIRT3 and glucose related proteins, immunostaining was performed with liver cancer tissue using various antibodies. To investigate whether the expression of SIRT3 in HCC is related to the resistance to sorafenib, we treated sorafenib after the modulation of SIRT3 levels in HCC cell lines (overexpression in Huh7, knockdown in HepG2). We also employed PD0332991 to modulate the SIRT3 expression in HCC cell and conducted functional assays.
Results: SIRT3 expression was downregulated in high glycolytic and proliferative HCC cells of human patients, xenograft model and HCC cell lines. Moreover, SIRT3 expression was downregulated after sorafenib treatment, resulting in reduced drug sensitivity in HCC cell lines. To enhance the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib, we employed PD0332991 (CDK4/6-Rb inhibitor) based on the correlation between SIRT3 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein in HCC. Notably, combined treatment with sorafenib and PD0332991 showed an enhancement of the anti-tumor effect in HCC cells.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that the modulation of SIRT3 by CDK4/6 inhibition might be useful for HCC therapy together with sorafenib, which, unfortunately, has limited efficacy and whose use is often associated with drug resistance.
The role of human papillomavirus genotyping for detecting high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer in HPV-positive women with normal cytology: a study from a hospital in northeastern China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Deyu , Yang Zhuo , Wang Xiaobin , Wang Danbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for detecting cervical cancer and its precursors. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes and evaluate the role of HPV genotyping triage for detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, adenocarcinoma in situ and cervical cancer (HSIL+) in HPV-positive women with normal cytology.Methods: A retrospective study was performed in women who had undergone co-screening at the China Medical University-affiliated Shengjing Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Results: Of the 34,587 women, 2,665 HPV-positive women with normal cytology who had received colposcopy were eligible for analysis. In HSIL+ groups of 204 women, the common genotypes were HPV16, HPV52, HPV58, HPV33, HPV31 and HPV18 in order of prevalence. The proportion of histological HSIL+ in women infected with HPV33 or HPV31 was not significantly different compared to women infected with HPV16 (P= 0.30, P= 0.19, respectively). The odds ratios for histological HSIL+ were 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41–4.40) in women with HPV16/18, 4.21 (95% CI: 2.99–5.93) in those with HPV16/18/31/33, and 5.73 (95% CI: 3.30–9.97) in those with HPV16/18/31/33/52/58. Including HPV31/33 genotyping together with HPV16/18 significantly increased the proportion of HSIL+ detection from 63.2% to 77.5% (P = 0.002) without significantly increasing the colposcopy per HSIL+ detection ratio (7.7 to 8.1, P = 0.66). Conclusion: HPV genotyping played an important role in managing HPV-positive women with normal cytology. Genotyping for HPV31/33 should be added to the previously recommended HPV16/18 genotyping in triaging HPV-positive women in northeastern China.
Identification of the Eutrema Salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Qi Yuting , Gu Caihong , Wang Xingjun , Gao Shiqing , Li Changsheng , Zhao Chuanzhi , Li Chuanshun , Ma Changle , Zhang Quan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum.Result: Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator EsMYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum, which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that EsMYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by EsMYB90 in 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that EsMYB90 promoted expression of early (PAL, CHS, and CHI) and late (DFR, ANS, and UFGT) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants.Conclusions: Our results indicated that EsMYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants.
Autophagy suppression of trophoblast cells induces pregnancy loss by activating decidual NK cytotoxicity and inhibiting trophoblast invasion
Authors: Tan¹ Haixia , Yang¹ Shaoliang , Wang¹´⁴ Haiyan , Li¹´³´⁴ Mingqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The crosstalk between trophoblast cells and decidual NK cells plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. Recent studies reported that autophagy can induce immune tolerance at the maternal fetal interface, while the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Autophagy levels in the villi of normal and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients were detected by transmission electron microscopy. After co-cultured with trophoblast cells pretreated with 3-MA or rapamycin, NK cells were collected and the expression of killer receptors was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The invasiveness of trophoblasts was tested by Cell invasion assay. Results: Compared with elective pregnancy termination patients, the level of autophagy in the villi of RSA patients was significantly decreased. Inducing the autophagy level in trophoblast cells with rapamycin could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells in the co-culture system, and supplement of IGF-2 could rectify this effect. Meanwhile, autophagy suppression of trophoblasts reduced the level of Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10), leading to the impairment of trophoblast cell invasion. In addition, NK cells educated by autophagy-inhibited trophoblasts further decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of trophoblasts. In pregnant mice model, injection with 3-MA promoted the cytotoxicity of uterine NK cells, and increased the embryo absorption rate. Conclusion: Autophagy suppression of trophoblasts increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells and damage the trophoblasts invasion possibly by targeting IGF-2 and PEG10, respectively, which ultimately leads to miscarriage.
Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein Perform Better Than Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio on Evaluation of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Zheng Nan , New Dongmei Zhu , HAN YI 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between biomarkers and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is under studied, especially those severe cases admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Compared with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), HAP might have different traits regarding biomarkers due to the previous history in the hospitals. Methods: 593 adult patients were enrolled into this retrospective cohort study to determine neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum lactate level at the admission of ICU. According to the diagnosis, patients were divided into two groups: non-infection and HAP. Discriminant analysis was performed based on better outcomes of diagnostic performance and severity evaluation. The diagnostic performance of each individual biomarker was assessed by construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculation of the area under each ROC curves (AUROC). Multivariable analysis was also applied to determine most appropriate prognostic factors. Results: NLCR, PCT and CRP between non-infection and HAP group showed remarkable differences. Because of discriminant ability of severe infection, the AUROC of NLCR (0.626; 95%CI 0.581-0.671) was not comparative with conventional markers such as CRP (0.685; 95% CI 0.641-0.730) and PCT (0.661; 95% CI 0.615-0.707). Besides, AUROC of composite biomarkers, especially the combination of NLCR, CRP and WBC, were significantly greater than the single biomarkers. Conclusions: NLCR was not comparable to conventional single biomarkers such as CRP and PCT regarding to diagnosis or severity evaluation of HAP. Composite biomarkers could prompt early diagnosis and severity evaluation with improved accessibility, especially the combination of NLCR, CRP and WBC.