bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lake Balaton: Water Quality of the Largest Shallow Lake in Central Europe
Authors: Sebestyén Viktor , Németh József , Juzsakova Tatiana , Domokos Endre , Rédey Ákos 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The water quality parameters of the fresh water lakes highly depend on the amount of water in the lake, hence on its depth. The shallowest lakes of the world are evaluated, and the largest shallow lake of Central Europe is chosen for the water quality study.

The
Aquatic Environmental Assessment
(
AEA
) technique is briefly summarized, and the method is demonstrated for the period of years between 1990 and 2016. The different water chemistry parameters are studied, and these are represented along the basins of the lake in the function of time. In addition to this, the aquatic environmental indices are calculated on the basis of the parameters. The measured and calculated indices clearly indicate a significant improvement of the lake that is qualified as good–excellent. On the basis of the water balance, the total nitrogen and phosphorous balances are calculated, and recommendations are given on the measures to mitigate the load of the Lake Balaton.
Nanomaterials in Water: Detection and Characterization
Authors: Gondikas Andreas , Wagner Stephan , Navratilova Jana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The analysis of engineered nanomaterials in environmental waters is a challenging task because nanomaterials are likely to be released gradually, in low numbers, and diluted into large and mobile water bodies, such as creeks, rivers, lakes, and oceans. While engineered nanomaterials are diluted in these waters, they are also mingled with a multitude of natural particles of various sizes and compositions that together with natural organic substances comprise a complex particulate matrix with regional variations. Dissolved components are also likely to adsorb and react on the nanoparticles surface, thus altering their surface characteristics. Detecting nanomaterials in such complex and dynamic systems requires the combination of several analytical techniques. This article offers an overview of the currently available techniques and provides a generic strategy that can be adjusted according to the characteristics and hydrochemical properties of the water sample.
Principles of Gas Solubility in Water: Henry's Law
Authors: Viadero Roger 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Henry's law provides a basis to determine the solubility of gases in liquids. Henry found that at a constant temperature, the concentration of a soluble or semi‐soluble gas in a liquid was proportional to the partial pressure of the gas that is in equilibrium with the liquid. The proportionality constant is known as the Henry's law constant (HLC). Henry's law is applicable when there is chemical equilibrium between the gas and liquid phases, temperature is constant, and the solution is dilute (<1% solute concentration).
Data for HLCs are available for a wide range of inorganic as well as organic elements and compounds. To meet the needs of readers who work in many different fields of water science, comprehensive references to HLCs are provided. While HLC data are abundant, the application of this information is complicated by a general lack of uniformity in the way the constants are defined. Consequently, it is critical for those seeking to apply HLC data to fully understand the assumptions used to develop those data. Likewise, consideration must be given to the units in which HLC data are reported.
Arctic Shipping and Polar Seaways
Authors: Babin Julie , Lasserre Frédéric , Pic Pauline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClimate change in the Arctic triggered a series of discourses about the opening up of a previously unreachable region. Navigation remains, however, difficult in the Arctic, transits are still very limited, as sea ice is still a major constraint. How did the development policies of both the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route unfold? What are the recent trends in Arctic shipping?
Tidal Efficiency
Authors: Rasmussen Todd C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Water levels in coastal aquifers that fluctuate in rhythm with sea levels can be described using the tidal efficiency, which is the ratio of aquifer‐to‐ocean water‐level fluctuations. Unconfined aquifers that are hydraulically connected to the ocean respond due to water moving across the ocean–aquifer interface, whereas confined aquifers fluctuate due to increased surface loading that physically compresses aquifer pores. Noncoastal aquifers also respond to surface loads (e.g. barometric pressure changes, rainfall, flooding), which is termed
Loading Efficiency
.
Dew Deserts
Authors: Kidron Giora J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the addition of relatively substantial amounts of water through dew, dew deserts are characterized by relatively lush flora (and fauna) in comparison to deserts that do not receive dew. While facilitating the growth of plants, dew also facilitates the establishment and growth of micro‐ and small organisms, which have in turn a substantial effect of the food chain. The physical conditions that enable dew formation are discussed, as well as its effect upon lithobionts, biocrusts, and plants. Solid data, principally from the Negev Desert, assist to evaluate the role of dew upon the structure and function of dew desert ecosystems.
Nonorthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA): How It Meets 5G and Beyond
Authors: Islam S.M. Riazul , Zeng Ming , Dobre Octavia A. , Kwak Kyung‐Sup 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to massive connectivity and increasing demands of various services and data‐hungry applications, a full‐scale implementation of the fifth‐generation (5G) wireless systems requires more effective radio access techniques. In this regard, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently gained ever‐growing attention from both academia and industry. Compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques, NOMA is superior in terms of spectral efficiency and is thus appropriate for 5G and beyond. In this article, we provide an overview of NOMA principles and applications. Specifically, the article discusses the fundamentals of power‐domain NOMA with single and multiple antennas in both uplink and downlink settings. In addition, the basic principles of code‐domain NOMA are elaborated. Further, the article explains various resource allocation techniques such as user pairing and power allocation for NOMA systems; discusses the basic form of cooperative NOMA and its variants; and addresses several opportunities and challenges associated with the compatibility of NOMA with other advanced communication paradigms such as heterogeneous networks and millimeter wave communications.
Apparent Potential Difference Boosting Directional Electron Transfer for Full Solar Spectrum‐Irradiated Catalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Lin Zhexing , Zhao Yan , Luo Jinhua , Jiang Shujuan , Sun Chuanzhi , Song Shaoqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDirectional charge transfer among nanolayers of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is still inefficient because of the interlayer electrostatic potential barrier, which tremendously restricts the utilization of charges in conversion of solar energy into fuel. Herein, an apparent potential among nanolayers is introduced to boost interlayer electron transfer by curving planar g‐C3N4 nanosheets into carbon nitride square tubes (C3N4Ts), and Ni2P nanoparticles as electron acceptors are loaded on C3N4Ts (Ni2P/C3N4Ts) for highly efficient H2 evolution. Study results present H2‐evolution efficiency over the constructed Ni2P/C3N4Ts up to 19.25 mmol g−1 h−1 with a large number of visible H2 bubbles, which is more than 1.9 and 2.6 times of that over g‐C3N4 supported 1 wt%Pt and 3 wt%Pd, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and characterizations reveal efficient directional transfer through C3N4T interlayer (001) to Ni2P (111) is achieved under the apparent potential difference of C3N4Ts, which therefore ensures the high H2‐evolution performance of Ni2P/C3N4Ts. These results in the field of material engineering supply a novel strategy to boost directional charge transfer for solar energy conversion efficiency by introducing apparent potential difference.
Non‐Native Block Copolymer Thin Film Nanostructures Derived from Iterative Self‐Assembly Processes
Authors: Demazy Nils , Cummins Cian , Aissou Karim , Fleury Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanostructured block copolymer (BCP) thin films constitute an elegant tool to generate complex periodic patterns with periodicities ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. Such well‐organized nanostructures are foreseen to enable next‐generation nanofabrication research with potent applications in the design of functional materials in biology, optics or microelectronics. This valuable platform is, however, limited by the geometric features attainable from diblock copolymer architectures considering the thermodynamic driving force leaning toward the formation of structures minimizing the interface between the blocks. Therefore, strategies to enrich the variety of structures obtained by BCP self‐assembly processes are gaining momentum and this progress report reviews the opportunities inherent to iterative BCP self‐assembly by considering the emerging strategies for the generation of “non‐native” morphologies.
Experimental characterization of liquid film behavior during droplets–polyethylene particle collision
Authors: Ren Xiang , Sun Jingyuan , Huang Zhengliang , Yang Yao , Tian Sihang , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNowadays, the droplet–particle collision characteristics in the gas‐phase ethylene polymerization process are still unclear. The high‐speed photography and a quasi‐circle imaging approach are employed to study the collision interaction characteristics between liquid droplets and polyethylene particles. The liquid film evolution is studied through variations of the film thickness on the particle north pole, the dynamic contact angle, center angle and film thickness at the maximum extension. Results have found that for n‐hexane the threshold temperature of the recoil happening increases with increasing initial Weber number, but for 1‐hexene it is stable. Over 70°C evaporation and splash occurs immediately. Under low Weber numbers, the water droplet stays for damping oscillations, the reference stable height of which is linearly related to temperatures. Moreover, three regimes of film thickness variation with time are identified and mathematically described, while Regime 3 characteristics are found strongly dependent on the liquid species, Weber number, and particle temperature.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Difunctionalization of Styrenes: An Efficient and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Acyloxyselenides
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Chen Rui , Mei Lan , Yan Shanshu , Wu Yan , Li Qiang , Yuan Binfang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient and green protocol for synthesizing β‐acyloxyselenides was developed through the visible‐light‐induced difunctionalization of styrenes with a binary system of diaryldiselenides and carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions, without using any transition‐metal‐catalysts. This protocol is scalable and tolerates a wide spectrum of styrenes and carboxylic acids to deliver the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields, providing convenient approach to β‐acyloxyselenides.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Approaches to Arylsulfones using Benzylic Ammonium Salts through C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Liu Yishuai , Zhu Haibo , Yang Liu , Xie Zongbo , Jiang Guofang , Le Zhang‐Gao , Tu Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free approach to benzyl sulfones by using sodium sulfinates and benzyl ammonium salts is described. The protocol provides a simple and direct method to realize the C−N bond cleavage in the presence of readily available Cs2CO3. During the reaction process, a range of functional groups with respect to both sodium sulfinates and benzylic ammonium salts were well compatible, leading to various benzyl sulfones in moderate to good yields.
Nickel Poisoning of a Cracking Catalyst Unravelled by Single‐Particle X‐ray Fluorescence‐Diffraction‐Absorption Tomography
Authors: Gambino Marianna , Veselý Martin , Filez Matthias , Oord Ramon , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Grolimund Daniel , Nesterenko Nikolai , Minoux Delphine , Maquet Marianne , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNi contamination from crude oil in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is one of the primary sources of catalyst deactivation, thereby promoting dehydrogenation–hydrogenation and speeding up coke growth. Herein, single‐particle X‐ray fluorescence, diffraction and absorption (μXRF‐μXRD‐μXAS) tomography is used in combination with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) after thiophene staining to spatially resolve Ni interaction with catalyst components and study zeolite degradation, including the processes of dealumination and Brønsted acid sites distribution changes. The comparison between a Ni‐lean particle, exposed to hydrotreated feedstock, and a Ni‐rich one, exposed to non‐hydrotreated feedstock, reveals a preferential interaction of Ni, found in co‐localization with Fe, with the γ‐Al2O3 matrix, leading to the formation of spinel‐type hotspots. Although both particles show similar surface zeolite degradation, the Ni‐rich particle displays higher dealumination and a clear Brønsted acidity drop.
Orientation‐Controlled 2D Anisotropic and Isotropic Photon Transport in Co‐crystal Polymorph Microplates
Authors: Liu Yong , Hu Huiping , Xu Ling , Qiu Bing , Liang Jie , Ding Fang , Wang Kang , Chu Manman , Zhang Wei , Ma Ming , Chen Bo , Yang Xinzheng , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2D anisotropic transport of photons/electrons is crucial for constructing ultracompact on‐chip circuits. To date, the photons in organic 2D crystals usually exhibit the isotropic propagation, and the anisotropic behaviors have not yet been fully demonstrated. Now, an orientation‐controlled photon–dipole interaction strategy was proposed to rationally realize the anisotropic and isotropic 2D photon transport in two co‐crystal polymorph microplates. The monoclinic microplate adopts a nearly horizontal transition dipole moment (TDM) orientation in 2D plane, exhibiting anisotropic photon–dipole interactions and thus distinct re‐absorption waveguide losses for different 2D directions. By contrast, the triclinic plate with a vertical TDM orientation, shows 2D isotropic photon–dipole interactions and thus the same re‐absorption losses along different directions. Based on this anisotropy, a directional signal outcoupler was designed for the directional transmission of the real signals.
New Promise and Opportunities for Allosteric Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Smaill Jeff B. , Ding Ke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrugs that function through allosteric inhibition of kinase signaling represent a promising approach for the targeted discovery of therapeutics. The majority of developed allosteric kinase inhibitors are characterized as type III and IV inhibitors that show good kinome selectivity but generally lack the subtype selectivity of same kinase family. Recently allosteric inhibitors have been developed that bind outside the catalytic kinase domain with high selectivity for specific kinase subtypes. Allosteric inhibitors that bind to the pseudokinase domain of pseudokinase or the extracellular domain of receptor tyrosine kinases are reviewed. We also review recent developments in the field of allosteric kinase inhibitors including examples of proteolysis targeting chimeras, and highlight the unique binding modes for each type of inhibitors and address future opportunities in this area.
Tailoring Crystalline Structure Using High‐Intensity Ultrasound to Reduce Oil Migration in a Low Saturated Fat
Authors: da Silva Thais L. T. , Cooper Zachary , Lee Juhee , Gibon Veronique , Martini Silvana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to use high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) to change the crystalline structure of an interesterified soybean oil (IESBO) with 33% of saturated fats and to evaluate how these changes affect oil migration. The IESBO was crystallized at different temperatures (26, 28, 30, and 32 °C) with and without HIU. Results show that oil migration was significantly affected by HIU (P < 0.05). HIU promoted crystallization and induced the formation of harder crystalline networks that were more resistant to oil migration with lower melting peak temperatures and sharper melting profiles. Samples processed with HIU had fewer crystalline clusters as observed by microscopy. Changes observed on the physical properties of the IESBO due to sonication that consequently improved oil migration were attributed to the ability of HIU to induce secondary nucleation and crystallize low‐melting point triacyclglycerols (SUU) that would not crystallize without the HIU and to the stronger and stable crystalline network formed capable of entrapping liquid TAG (UUU).
The Elephant in the Room: Nurses’ Views of Communication Failure and Recommendations for Improvement in Perioperative Care
Authors: Işık Işıl , Gümüşkaya Oya , Şen Sevim , Arslan Özkan Hediye 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPerioperative communication failures endanger patient safety and may reduce efficiency. The objective of our phenomenological research study was to determine the reasons for and consequences of perioperative communication failures and to seek recommendations for improvement. Fourteen perioperative nurses participated in this study. We conducted in‐depth interviews with a semi‐structured questionnaire following Colaizzi's seven‐step methodology to extract themes. We organized the themes into categories: causes, consequences, and recommendations for preventing communication failure. Some themes for causes were inadequate time for preoperative preparation, lack of personnel, and disruptive behaviors of physicians. Consequences of communication failure were decreased staff retention, avoidance of colleagues, threats to patient safety, and intra‐team violence. Two recommendations included enforcing institutional regulations and creating team spirit. The study revealed that nurses believe that institutional regulations should not only be present but enforced. Further, nurses believe that strengthening employees’ interpersonal skills is essential to preventing communication issues.
Effect of incorporation of microstructured carbonized cellulose on surface and mechanical properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Bartoli Mattia , Rosso Carlo , Giorcelli Mauro , Rovere Massimo , Jagdale Pravin , Tagliaferro Alberto , Chae Michael , Bressler David C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we reported the use of cellulose derived microstructured biochars for the production of reinforced plastics. Cellulose nanocrystals and wasted cotton fibers were used as cellulose template structures and converted into carbonaceous materials under pyrolytic conditions. Biochars particles were produced with the shape of deformed spheres or rods and dispersed into an epoxy matrix with a loading ranging from 1 wt % to 10 wt %. Biochar‐based composites showed remarkably elongation properties of up to 8.2% using 2 wt % of carbonized cellulose nanocrystals and a very low friction coefficient of 0.22 using 10 wt % of carbonized cotton fibers. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48896.HIGHLIGHTS
Carbon spheres and carbon rods were produced through pyrolytic conversion of cellulose nanocrystals and wasted cotton fibers.
Mechanical properties of carbon spheres and carbon rods epoxy composites were studied showing the differences induced by the particle shapes.
An ultimate tensile strength improvement of 57% was reached using 5 wt % of carbonized cellulose nanocrystals.
A maximum elongation improvement of 100% was reached using 2 wt % of carbonized cellulose nanocrystals.
A friction coefficient reduction of 61% was reached using 10 wt % of carbonized cotton fibers.
Simple and efficient anionic polymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide with fluorides as an initiator
Authors: Wu Jingbo , Sun Shasha , Novak Bruce M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe facile anionic polymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide (N‐PMI) using fluorides as an initiator has been discovered and systematically investigated. Effect of different solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N‐methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, toluene, and acetone and effect of anionic initiators such as tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), cesium fluoride, and potassium fluoride have been studied. The kinetics of polymerization using TBAF as an initiator in DMSO is also studied. Some of the resulting poly(PMI)s are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, solubility test, attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C‐NMR spectral analysis. The thermal behaviors are studied by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. A proposed polymerization mechanism is also discussed. Our results show fluoride can effectively induce the polymerization of N‐PMI in various solvents under very mild conditions with good to excellent yields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48909.
Synthesis and anti‐inflammatory effects of novel emodin derivatives bearing azole moieties
Authors: Zhu Xiaokang , Chen Qifang , Yang Yujin , Ai Xixi , Chen Si , Song Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwelve azole derivatives of emodin were designed to possess anti‐inflammatory activity and synthesized via a two‐step sequence composed of the Williamson ether reaction and N‐alkylation. The anti‐inflammatory properties of these compounds were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The introduction of imidazole and four carbons into the scaffold of emodin led to the discovery of the potent compound 7e, which showed the best inhibition of NO production among twelve analogs. In our experiential setting, the IC50 of compound 7e in NO production is 1.35 µM, which is lower than that of indomethacin. Mechanically, compound 7e effectively inhibited the protein and messenger RNA expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible NO synthase, as well as that of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6, and the cytokines interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 7e exerted inhibitory effects on the nuclear factor κB pathway by reducing the LPS‐induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF‐κB and the nuclear translation of p‐p65. These results suggest the potential of compound 7e in improving inflammatory conditions and diseases.
Optically Active Helical Lanthanide Complexes: Storable Chiral Lewis Acidic Catalysts for Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reaction of Siloxydienes
Authors: Harada Shinji , Nakashima Saki , Sekino Shihori , Oishi Wakana , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLanthanide triflates and a series of hexadentate chiral ligand complexes were synthesized. X‐ray‐quality crystals were obtained from mixtures of the lanthanide complexes, which were helical in shape. The complexes showed Lewis acidity and catalyzed the enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of electron‐rich siloxydienes. The complexes were stable enough to be stored at ambient temperature on a laboratory bench and retained their Lewis acidity even after a month.