bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Особенности стоимости капитала на рынке зеленых облигаций
Authors: Дорофеев М. Л. 
Published: July 2020

<span>В работе исследуется рынок зеленых облигаций</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>ключевой инструмент финансирования растущего сектора «зеленой» экономики. Анализируются особенности ценообразования на этом рынке в части наличия специфических премий/дисконтов за риск. Методами исследования выступают обзорный анализ и систематизация результатов научных и эмпирических исследований по проблематике оценки премий за риск, предоставляемых финансовым рынком в период с 2007–2019 гг. инвесторам зеленых облигаций. Выявленные значительные расхождения в стоимости привлеченного капитала (от -18 до +12 базисных пунктов к стоимости аналогичных коричневых облигаций) главным образом зависят от деловой репутации и статуса эмитентов этих бумаг. Для мелких и средних частных эмитентов зеленых облигаций стоимость привлеченного капитала может оказаться выше, чем для аналогичных эмитентов классического долгового рынка, не обладающих зеленым статусом.</span>
О производительности труда и одноименном национальном проекте
Authors: Лавровский Б. Л. , Хайруллина М. В. , Волосская К. Н. , Чуваев А. В. 
Published: July 2020

<span>Контекст национальных проектов, судя по структуре их финансирования, состоит в мобилизации накопленных резервов по возможности без серьезных инвестиций. Иначе говоря, добиться повышения уровня жизни предполагается за счет относительно скромных вложений в источники экономического роста. Теоретически это возможно. В рамках восстановительного периода (по окончании 1990-х гг.) такая схема была успешно осуществлена. В промышленности в течение 2000–2004 гг. повсеместно наблюдалось вовлечение резервов накопленных мощностей, заметное систематическое нарастание их нагрузки</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>с 42,1% до 50,8%. Но возможно ли повторить подобный маневр в современных условиях? По данным Росстата, средняя нагрузка мощностей в промышленности в течение 2010–2016 гг. оставалась практически неизменной (чуть более 50%). С учетом застойного характера развития последних лет прирост средней нагрузки мощностей за период действия нацпроекта при благоприятной спросовой конъюнктуре может составить 2–3 п.п. Отсутствие достаточного спроса не превращает потенциал сколь угодно больших объемов свободных мощностей в реальный источник экономического роста. И наоборот. Возрастающее год от года значение национальных проектов для наращивания совокупного спроса не является критически значимым. Скажем, в 2022 г. их финансирование из федерального бюджета будет находиться в пределах 12,5% от общей величины расходов. Сколько-нибудь заметного эффекта от расширения совокупного спроса к настоящему времени не просматривается.</span>
Потребление vs сбережения: выбор россиян в условиях экономической нестабильности 2015–2017 гг.
Authors: Белехова Г. В. 
Published: July 2020

<p class="_1Vvodka">В статье на основе данных официальной статистики и национальных социологических исследований рассматриваются процессы потребления и сбережения денежных средств населением в период нестабильной экономической конъюнктуры 2015–2017 гг. Обращение к данной тематике актуализируется тем, что именно потребительское и сберегательное поведение являются первичными маркерами адаптации населения к изменяющимся внешним условиям. За 2015–2017 гг. структура формирования и распределения доходов, соотношение доходных групп существенно не изменились. Не наблюдается кардинального сокращения сбережений в форме банковских вкладов и объемов потребления, рассматриваемых через розничный товарооборот. Неизменными остаются как самооценки населением материального положения, так и общественные настроения относительно реализации потребительских предпочтений. Несмотря на затянувшийся спад реальных доходов, население стало менее негативно оценивать свою жизнь в целом; сократилось число тех, кто испытывает острую нехватку денег или экономит на текущем потреблении.</p><p class="_2Keys"> </p>
Текущее состояние продовольственной безопасности в странах ЕАЭС
Authors: Ползиков Д. А. 
Published: July 2020

<span> В статье рассматриваются принятые концепции продовольственной безопасности и оценивается её актуальное состояние в странах Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС). Представлен анализ экономической и физической доступности продовольствия, зависимости внутреннего рынка от импорта. Приводятся данные о среднедушевом потреблении продуктов питания (в сравнении с установленными нормативами), энергетической ценности рациона, доле расходов на продовольствие в структуре потребительских расходов населения, а также авторские оценки относительно фактических и нормативных потребительских расходов домашних хозяйств в разрезе 10%-х доходных групп. На основе данных балансов ресурсов и использования основных видов агропродовольственной продукции рассчитана доля импорта в их внутреннем потреблении. Автор делает вывод о том, что действующие критерии продовольственной безопасности формально выполняются по большинству продуктов питания во всех странах ЕАЭС, кроме Кыргызстана. Вместе с тем сохраняется проблема недостаточной экономической доступности продовольствия в требуемых объёмах и ассортименте для значительной части населения. Показано, что основную часть импорта сельхозсырья и продовольствия составляют поставки из стран-партнёров по ЕАЭС. Это уменьшает риски внешних шоков предложения агропродовольственной продукции и создаёт предпосылки для смягчения целевых установок концепции продовольственной безопасности в странах ЕАЭС в отношении минимальных уровней продовольственного самообеспечения.</span>
Будущее российской экономики глазами «отцов» и «детей». Взгляд шестой
Authors: Берсенева Д. А. , Шмат В. В. 
Published: July 2020

<span>Статья продолжает цикл публикаций в «ЭКО» с краткими отчетами о результатах исследования по сценарному прогнозированию развития российской экономики с применением экспертно-статистического байесовского метода. Особенность метода состоит в том, что на основе экспертных оценок он позволяет строить прогнозы в условиях сильной неопределенности. На шестом этапе исследования сформирована содержательная модельная конструкция, отражающая проблематику модернизации экономики, инновационного развития во взаимосвязи с экономическим ростом. По результатам экспертного опроса и их интерпретации «нарисован» эскиз наиболее вероятного будущего с преобладанием застойно-пессимистических черт. Математическое моделирование прогноза выявило высокие шансы реализации сценариев «На периферии мира», «Ресурсная держава» и «Лицом к Востоку».</span>
Development and Optimization of Amoxicillin Floating Raft System to effectively treat Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kamsali Akhil , Eranti Bhargav , CH Mounika , Manne Ravi , G Chaitanya Barghav , P Subba Reddy 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to develop and to characterize the Floating raft system (FRS) of Amoxicillin to enhance gastric residence time and drug release to target Helicobacter pylori effectively. Method: In the present study, guar gum, Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS), Calcium carbonate were selected as factors. Gelation duration (h), floating lag time (min), and % Cumulative drug release (CDR) were selected as responses. 23 factorial design with replicates was selected for experimentation. Results: It was observed that Guar gum and GMS were the major factors affecting gelation duration, increase in the quantity of both Guar gum and GMS increased gelation duration i.e., sustained gelation period (24 h). Floating time increased with an increase in the amount of guar gum and calcium carbonate, whereas an increase in the quantity of GMS decreased floating time. Guar gum, calcium carbonate, and GMS exhibited an antagonistic effect on % CDR. Contour plots were used to identify design space; further numerical analysis yielded 12 best solutions based on desirability. FRS exhibited greater AUCo-t, Cmax, tmax, and t1/2 when compared to marketed formulation approximately 2.30 folds enhancement and prolongation with a sustained release for greater than 24 h that might be due to better gelation. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the floating raft system was successfully developed by the Design of experiment (DoE) application with fewer trails and by utilizing easily available excipients for better floating, gelation, and sustained delivery of the drug.
Formulation and evaluation of baclofen liposome vesicles using lecithin
Authors: Keservani Raj K. , Gautam Surya Prakash 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The main aim of present study was to prepare and characterize liposomal formulation of baclofen to improve the effectiveness of the topically applied formulation. Method: For the preparation of liposomes, different ratio of lecithin, cholesterol and ethanol were taken but ratio of drug and stearic acid were kept constant and prepared by ethanol injection method. Liposomes were characterized for vesicle size, vesicle shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro studies, stability studies and in vivo studies. Results: The average particle size of formulated liposome was in the range of 3.98±0.45-4.24±0.65 µm and small unilamellar vesicles with spherical in shape observed. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 58.67±0.81 %. The maximum % cumulative drug release behaviours were 67.66±5.32 % after 10 h. formulation stored in 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (64.19±0.26) compared to elevated temperature. Swiss albino mice were used for the in vivo study and exhibit muscle relaxant activity in terms of no. of falls from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001). Conclusions: Baclofen loaded liposomal formulation have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity in mice suggesting delivery of baclofen from liposomes in the therapeutic range.
A qualitative study of partnership between woman and midwife within midwife-led care clinic
Authors: Vaira Rizky , Yanti Yanti , Hidayat Asri 
Published: July 2020

One indirect causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia is "Three Delays", delays in: (1) deciding to seek appropriate medical help for an obstetric emergency; (2) reaching an appropriate obstetric facility; and (3) receiving adequate care when a facility is reached, which has relation with the lack of women's ability in empowering herself to actively participate and to make suitable decisions about midwifery care they need. The research aims to explore the partnership between woman and midwife in midwifery care. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using a convenience sample of six low-risk women after they had given birth and six midwives from six geographically distinct midwife-led care clinic in Bantul Regency. Data were collected through semiâ€‘structured inâ€‘depth interviews. The interview was conducted twoÂ to three times and recorded by audio record. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by the thematic analysis according to Cresswell approach. Seven major themes were identified: (a) midwives ability to partner with women, (b) equality and reciprocity, (c) negotiation, (d) empowerment, (e) trust and time, (f) sharing power and responsibility, and (g) professional friendship. Most of the women are not capable to empower themselves such as less participating in decision making, less considerate in choosing a birthing position, and worsen by the limitations of midwives availability during the delivery process. Midwives need to reflect more the philosophy meaning inside the midwifery care and strengthen the midwifery professionals curriculum in order to persuade women as a partner who capable to empower themselves and to participate actively.
Biofilm Production by Uropathogens like Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp and their Antibiotic Susceptibility
Authors: Mahato Sanjay , Mandal Pinki , Mahato Ajay 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causes inflammation which is a common, painful and sometimes life-threatening condition as well. Despite high prevalence of bacteriuria, the information on biofilm forming bacteria is negligible.
Objectives: This study aims at understanding the status of the biofilm forming nature of Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas SPP and their drug resistance property with several class of antibiotics with a prime focus on resistance pattern against few penicillin based drugs to few empirical drugs in today's time.
Methodology: Urine samples were analyzed and the isolates were biochemically identified. Then, the isolates were tested for several drugs so as to identify multidrug resistance nature of isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disc method. Biofilm forming nature was examined on Congo Red Agar.
Results Out of 35 urine samples, 13 isolates (37.1%) were found to be positive with significant bacteriuria. Eight samples (22.8%) showed incidence of Klebsiella spp. and 5 samples (14.3%) showed P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of Klebsiella spp. (Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.2%) and K. oxytoca(15.4%)) and P. aeruginosa was found to be 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. 66.6% of K. pneumoniae and 50% K. oxytocawere biofilm forming pathogen.K. pneumoniae andK. oxytoca were resistant to amoxycillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, and cefoxitin; while were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and azithromycin.P. aeruginosa were sensitive to azithromycin(100%), but showed 60% resistance to levofloxacin and ofloxacin. Eight (61.5%) isolates were found to be MDR. 100% of Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2), 66.7% of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4), and 40% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=2)were multidrug resistant (MDR).Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of bacteria revealed that all the 13 isolates were Multi-Antibiotics Resistance strains.
Conclusion Biofilm forming nature is now much greater in Klebsiella spp; while most of the isolates like Klebsiella and Pseudomon as are multidrug resistant.
Nutritional Status of School-Going Adolescents in Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Kafle Tika Kumari , Kafle Tara Kumari , Hawlader Md. Delwer Hossain , Rimal Hem Sagar , Sapkota Durga 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Nutrition is one of the key factors that affects every sphere of human health. Its effect on physical and cognitive development is vital for performance and productivity especially among the children and adolescents. Hemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) are key factors to assess the nutritional status among adolescents.
Objectives:
This study aims to examine the nutritional status and its associated factors among school-going adolescents
Methodology:
Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted with sample size 810 involving 11 to 17 years’ school going adolescents in Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Multistage probability sampling technique was used to draw the sample and pre-designed structured questionnaire and standard measurement tools were used to assess the nutritional status. Ethical approval and written informed consent were taken from concerned authorities. Data were entered in EPI Data and analyzed by SPSS. Chi-square test was used to find association.
Results:
Among 810 adolescents, 52.5 % were females and 47.5 % were males. The mean age of participants was 14.5 years. Mean hemoglobin and BMI were measured 11.13 mg/dl with SD 1.57 and 18.87 with SD 2.79 respectively. Variation measured significant by sex, ethnicity, parents’ education, family type and ecological belts for BMI (p<.05). Similarly, age, sex, ethnicity, property index, parents’ education and occupation were significantly associated with hemoglobin (p<.05).
Conclusion:
The low BMI as well asanemia were widely prevalent among school-going adolescents in Eastern part of Nepal. The females had better BMI than males but males were less anemic than females.
Functional Evaluation of Fracture Shaft of Humerus Treated By Antegrade Closed Interlocking Nail
Authors: Gupta Pradip Kumar , Chaudhary Ajay 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Management of fractures shaft of humerus is always a challenging problem to deal with as they are very frequently associated with complex multiple injuries. Interlocking nails have gained popularity now a days for stabilization of humeral shaft fractures due to load sharing nature of implant, preservation of fracture hematoma, minimal exposures and rigid fixation with early mobilization.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the outcome of the fracture shaft of humerus stabilized with interlocking nail.
Methodology: A Prospective clinical study was done on fifty patients of fractures shaft of humerus stabilized using antegrade interlocking nail.
Results: The most common causes of fractures shaft of humerus was road traffic accident (66%). The average union time was 12.7± 1.3 weeks. About 8% had delayed union and 10% had non-union which were treated with bone graft. There was no deep infection but two (4%)had superficial infection in open Gustilo grade II fracture. Four cases (8%) had radial nerve injury, mostly neuropraxias, which recovered in three months. There were 12 cases of significant restriction of shoulder movements which was resolved in six weeks after guarded physiotherapy.
Conclusion: Closed interlocking nailing is a least invasive surgical option available to manage complex humeral shaft fractures.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Local Buckling Behavior of the Concrete-filled Thin-walled Welded Steel Columns
Authors: Martinavičius Deividas , Augonis Mindaugas , Rui Tiago Arruda Mário 
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the concrete filled thin-walled welded steel tubes. Square and rectangular columns are tested with and without the bond between the steel profile and concrete. In order to remove the bond in the latter columns a polyethylene (PE) film is placed inside of the steel profiles. Experimental results are verified via the finite element analysis and compared to the results obtained using the analytical calculation methods. The significance of the steel–concrete bond is evaluated, referring to the differences of the critical loads, ultimate loads and effective cross-sectional areas of the columns with and without the PE film inside and the differences are found to be considerable. It is found that the columns without the film had an up to 47 % higher effective cross-sectional area to full cross-sectional area ratio. The average reduction of the effective cross-sectional area of the column having a poor bond is found to be 12 %. It is also found that the resistance is often overestimated when using the analytical formulas, especially for the columns with the PE film inside.
Radiation-induced side effects in breast cancer patients and factors affecting them
Authors: Chowdhury Afrin Sultana , Tamanna Saheda 
Published: July 2020

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Radiation therapy (RT) is a widely used approach for its treatment. About 50% of patients with malignant breast tumors receive radiation therapy and most of them appear to tolerate it, but some experience severe side effects induced by this therapy. This variability of response may be caused by several factors, like age, inflammatory responses, body weight and variation in genes involved in the response to radiation-induced DNA damage. To limit radiotherapy side effects in breast cancer patients it is therefore important to have a good knowledge of these associated factors. This review discussed about the radiotherapy-related side effects in breast cancer patients and the factors affecting them.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 138-148
Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh
Authors: Sumona Nasrin Akter , Alam Khondoker Jahengir , Arafat Md Yeasin , Hasan Imam 
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 155-167
Incidence of reproductive disorders of goat in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Kulsum Umme , Juli Mst Sogra Banu , Zohara Begum Fatema , Islam Md Nurnoby , Akther Mahfuza 
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted at Upazila Livestock Office, Sadar, Dinajpur of Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2018 to investigate the incidence of reproductive disorders in goat. Data on reproductive disorders were collected on the basis of owner’s complain and observed clinical signs. Age and season wise occurrences of reproductive disorders were also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Out of 2484 clinical cases, a total of 107 reproductive disorders of goat were recorded. Incidence of abortion (38.3%) was higher and pyometra (0.9%) was lower among reproductive disorder in goat. The incidence of reproductive disorders of goat was higher in group-2 (above 1-2 years) (36.4%) followed by group-1 (upto 1 year) (21.6%), group-3 (above 23 years) (21.5%), group-5 (above 4 years) (15.3%) and group-4 (above 3-4 years) (3.6%). Among reproductive disorders, the incidence of abortion was higher in group-2 (58.9%) followed by retained placenta (50%) in group-4, metritis (47%) and dystocia (23.5%) in group-5, repeat breeding (17.4%) and anestrus (4.3%) in group-3, and pyometra (2.5%) in group-2. Slight seasonal variation among individual case of reproductive disorders were recorded, highest in winter (34.5%) than summer (32.4%) and rainy season (31.7%). The incidence rate of abortion was high in each season (summer 25%, rainy 32.3% and winter 56.7%). In case of retained placenta and dystocia, the incidence was high in summer season (22.2%). But in case of metritis and repeat breeding, the incidence was high in rainy season (32.3% and 14.7% respectively). For treatment of reproductive disorders in goat, antibiotics drugs (35%) were used most commonly and hormonal drugs (3%) used in lower percentages. It was concluded that the most pressing constraint on goat reproduction in Bangladesh is abortion, retained placenta, dystocia and metritis. Strategies should be taken to minimize their occurrence.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 212-221