bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of granuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease
Authors: Qian Yun , He Wei , Zheng Chu Yi , Xue Jin Hui , Fang Jing Yuan , Chen Xiao Yu , Cui Yun 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo clarify the pathological characteristics of granuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis in patients with non‐neoplastic bowel diseases and to compare their significance in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB).MethodsAltogether 78 cases with CD, 11 with ITB and 33 suffering from other non‐neoplastic bowel diseases were included. All patients underwent a partial enterectomy and histopathological examination. Pathological sections were reviewed retrospectively. Detailed morphological features and the distribution of granulomas and granulomatous lymphangitis in the three groups were analyzed and compared.ResultsSignificant differences in the features of granuloma were observed in CD compared with ITB, including the presence of Langhans giant cells, caseous necrosis, coalescence, hyaline change, onionskin changes, and their frequency and size. Granulomatous lymphangitis was significantly more frequent in CD than in other non‐neoplastic bowel diseases (P < 0.0001). The rate was also higher than that of granuloma in CD (P = 0.0004). It more often manifested within the mucosal layer of the small bowel (55.4%) in CD whereas it tended to be located within the deep layers of the intestinal wall in other diseases. It can be divided into four types, but types 1 and 2 appeared relatively specific to CD.ConclusionsGranuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis were not specific in CD. However, by combining morphology and distribution, their manifestations could assist in the differentiation of CD from other non‐neoplastic bowel diseases. Furthermore, granulomatous lymphangitis showed better diagnostic performance than granulomas in the mucosal layer of the small bowel.
Application of genotyping methods in the investigation of sources of dermatophytosis associated with vaccination in cattle
Authors: Łagowski Dominik , Gnat Sebastian , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Osińska Marcelina , Zięba Przemysław 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVaccines against trichophytosis introduced over 60 years ago contributed to a significant reduction in the prevalence of dermatophyte infections on cattle farms. Currently, vaccination is not obligatory but commonly used and recommended by veterinarians, which is associated with the renaissance of dermatophyte infections in farm animals. Importantly, vaccine administration may cause clinical lesions imitating a virulent form of dermatophytosis. Correct determination of a possible correlation of superficial changes with the vaccine strain plays a key role in taking therapeutic measures. In this study, the usefulness of genotyping methods (melting‐point‐PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism) in identification of the source of dermatophyte infection in cases correlated with vaccine administration is examined. The results revealed that dermatophytes isolated from skin lesions in calves temporarily associated with vaccine administration had an identical electrophoretic profile with the vaccine strain and differed from the reference strain of Trichophyton verrucosum CBS365.53. In conclusion, genotyping methods are a useful tool for rapid and reliable identification of the vaccine source of superficial lesions in calves. Their high resolution, speed of execution and low costs are undoubted advantages in the implementation for routine use in similar cases of dermatophyte infections.
Cannabis use disorder trajectories and their prospective predictors in a large population‐based sample of young Swiss men
Authors: Marmet Simon , Studer Joseph , Wicki Matthias , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use disorder (CUD) is frequent in adolescence and often goes into remission towards adulthood. This study aimed to estimate trajectories of CUD severity (CUDS) in Swiss men aged from 20 to 25 years and to identify prospective predictors of these trajectories.DesignLatent class growth analysis of self‐reported CUDS in a cohort study with three data collection waves.SettingA general population sample of young Swiss men.ParticipantsA total of 5987 Swiss men assessed longitudinally at the mean ages of 20, 21.5 and 25 years.MeasurementsLatent CUDS in the last 12 months was measured at each wave with the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test–Revised (CUDIT‐R). Predictors of CUDS trajectories, measured at age 20, were from six domains: factors related to cannabis use, family, peers, other substance use, mental health and personality.FindingsWe distinguished four CUDS trajectories: stable–low (88.2%), decreasing (5.2%), stable–high (2.6%) and increasing (4.0%). Predictors were generally associated with higher odds of membership in the decreasing and stable–high trajectory (versus the stable–low), and to a lesser degree with higher odds of membership in the increasing trajectory. Bivariate predictors of persistent high CUDS (stable–high versus decreasing trajectory) were major depression severity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.40], attention deficit hyperactivity disorder severity (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.51), antisocial personality disorder severity (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI = 1.04, 1.34), relationship with parents (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.88), number of friends with drug problems (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.60) and the personality dimensions neuroticism–anxiety (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.65) and sociability (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.97).ConclusionsFactors associated with persistent cannabis use disorder in young Swiss men include cannabis use, cannabis use disorder severity, mental health problem severity, relationship with parents (before the age of 18), peers with drug problems and the personality dimensions neuroticism–anxiety and sociability at or before age 20. Effect sizes may be small, and predictors are mainly associated with persistence via higher severity at age 20 years.
Changes in alcoholic beverage preference and consumption in Taiwan following accession to the World Trade Organization
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Che , Cheng Kai‐Wen , Chang Hsin‐Yi , Chang Shu‐Sen 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsGiven the growing concerns that international trade agreements may increase the supply of health‐harming commodities, including alcohol, this study aimed to investigate the changes in alcoholic beverage preference and consumption after Taiwan's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO).DesignA before‐and‐after comparison analysis using data from two waves (1993–1996 and 2005–2008) of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT), before and after Taiwan's accession to the WTO in 2002.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsA total of 5031 and 2910 participants aged 19 years or older in NAHSIT 1993–1996 and 2005–2008, respectively.MeasurementsAlcohol measures included beverage‐specific preference, mean daily ethanol consumption, and heavy drinking. Logistic regression was used to estimate the prevalence rate ratios and rate differences of beverage preferences between the two waves and the risk ratios of heavy drinking associated with different beverage preferences.FindingsA reduced prevalence rate of drinkers who preferred rice spirits (prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24, 0.91) and Asian wine (PRR = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.29) was found in contrast to an increase in the preference for fruit wine (PRR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.75, 4.79); the preference for Asian spirits showed a non‐significant increase (PRR = 1.63; 95% CI = 0.88, 3.02). Similarly, the mean daily ethanol consumption decreased for Asian wine and increased for Asian spirits. Compared with beer, an increased risk of heavy drinking was associated with rice spirits (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.68, 6.47) and Asian spirits (aRR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.38, 5.01).ConclusionsAfter Taiwan became a member of the World Trade Organization and abolished its alcohol monopoly in 2002, the pattern of alcoholic beverage preference changed markedly, including a decrease in drinkers who preferred rice spirits and Asian wine (53% and 89% decrease, respectively) and an increase in drinkers who preferred fruit wine and Asian spirits (2.9‐fold and 1.6‐fold increase, respectively).
Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taylor Lauren , Claire Ravinder , Campbell Katarzyna , Coleman‐Haynes Tom , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Chamberlain Catherine , Berlin Ivan , Davey Mary‐Ann , Cooper Sue , Coleman Tim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking in pregnancy causes substantial avoidable harm to mothers and offspring; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may prevent this, and is used to help women to quit. A recently updated Cochrane Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating impacts of NRT in pregnancy focuses primarily on efficacy data, but also reports adverse impacts from NRT. Here we identify and summarize NRT impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes reported in non‐randomized controlled trials (non‐RCTs).MethodsSystematic reviews and meta‐analyses of RCTs and non‐RCT studies of NRT in pregnancy, with design‐specific risk of bias assessment and grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) criteria applied to selected outcomes.FindingsRelevant Cochrane Review findings are reported alongside those from this new review. Seven RCTs were included; n = 2340. Nine meta‐analyses were performed; non‐statistically significant estimates indicated potentially reduced risk from NRT compared with smoking for mean birth weight, low birth weight, preterm birth, intensive care admissions, neonatal death, congenital anomalies and caesarean section and potentially increased risks for miscarriage and stillbirth. GRADE assessment for mean birth weight and miscarriage outcomes indicated ‘low’ confidence in findings.Twenty‐three non‐RCTs were included; n = 931 163. Eleven large studies from five routine health‐care cohorts reported clinical outcomes; 12 small studies investigated mainly physiological outcomes within in‐patient women given NRT. Findings from meta‐analyses for congenital anomalies, stillbirth and preterm birth were underpowered and not in a consistent direction; GRADE assessment of confidence in findings was ‘very low’. Routine health‐care studies were of higher quality, but implications of reported findings were unclear as there was inadequate measurement and reporting of women's smoking.ConclusionsAvailable evidence from randomized controlled trials and non‐randomized comparative studies does not currently provide clear evidence as to whether maternal use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus.
Quadratus lumborum block vs. transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis*
Authors: El‐Boghdadly K. , Desai N. , Halpern S. , Blake L. , Odor P. M. , Bampoe S. , Carvalho B. , Sultan P. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCaesarean delivery is the most commonly performed inpatient surgical procedure globally. Pain after caesarean delivery is moderate to severe if not adequately treated, and is a primary anaesthetic concern for patients. Transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum blocks are fascial plane blocks that have the potential to improve analgesia following caesarean delivery. Although proponents of the quadratus lumborum block suggest that this technique may provide better analgesia compared with transversus abdominis plane block, there are limited data directly comparing these two techniques. We, therefore, performed a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to compare transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum block approaches, seeking randomised controlled trials comparing both techniques to each other, or to control, with or without intrathecal morphine. In all, 31 trials with 2188 patients were included and our primary outcome, the cumulative intravenous morphine equivalent consumption at 24 h, was reported in 12 trials. In the absence of intrathecal morphine, transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum blocks were equivalent, and both were superior to control (moderate‐quality evidence). In the presence of intrathecal morphine, no differences were found between control, transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum blocks (moderate‐quality evidence). Similar results were found for resting and active pain scores at 4–6 h, 8–12 h, 24 h and 36 h, although quadratus lumborum block was associated with lower pain scores at 36 h when compared with transversus abdominis plane block (very low‐quality evidence). However, transversus abdominis plane block was associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (moderate‐quality evidence) and sedation when compared with inactive control following intrathecal morphine administration (low‐quality evidence). There are insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions, but transversus abdominis plane and quadratus lumborum block appear to be superior to control in the absence of intrathecal morphine, but provide limited additional benefit over inactive control when intrathecal morphine is also used.
Equals in Solidarity: Orfanotrofio’s Housing Squat as a Site for Political Subjectification Across Differences Amid the “Greek Crisis”
Authors: Karaliotas Lazaros , Kapsali Matina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article engages with the political struggles staged by illegalised migrants and activists in solidarity amid the long summer of migration and the “Greek crisis”. Grounding its analysis on Orfanotrofio’s housing squat in Thessaloniki, it narrates how such struggles are articulated to politicise migration and stage the equality of newcomers—migrants and refugees—and locals. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s political writings and contemporary geographical work on solidarity, the article argues that such struggles not only disrupt the exclusionary ordering of our cities but also construct political spaces and infrastructures of dissensus wherein equals in solidarity discuss common political problems and devise common political strategies. Through the notion of equals in solidarity, the article investigates how the performative enactment of equality can form the basis for solidarities across differences and analyses how some of the tensions that emerge around collective political subjectification are negotiated. Building on this, it explores some of the challenges and limitations that these struggles face in their efforts to transform the existing order of the city.
The influence of stage of illness on functional outcomes after psychological treatment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Tremain Hailey , Fletcher Kathryn , Scott Jan , McEnery Carla , Berk Michael , Murray Greg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to advance understanding of stage of illness in bipolar disorder (BD), by interrogating the literature for evidence of an influence of stage of illness on functional (ie non‐symptom) outcomes following psychosocial intervention.MethodsA systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify empirical studies of psychosocial interventions for established BD. To investigate stage as a predictor of three functional outcomes (general/social functioning, cognitive functioning and quality of life [QoL]), study samples were dichotomised into earlier and later stage using proxy measures identified in existing staging models. Findings were integrated using data‐based convergent synthesis.ResultsA total of 88 analyses from 62 studies were identified. Synthesis across studies suggested that psychosocial intervention was more likely to be effective for general functioning outcomes earlier in the course of established BD. No stage‐related differences were found for cognitive or QoL outcomes. Exploratory investigations found some evidence of an interaction between specific intervention type and stage of illness in predicting outcomes.ConclusionsA novel systematic review provided preliminary evidence that benefits general/social functioning may be more pronounced in earlier versus later stages of established BD. The review also generated hypotheses about a potential three‐way interaction, whereby specific psychosocial interventions may be best placed to target functional outcomes in earlier versus later stage BD. The strength of conclusions is limited by the overall low‐quality and significant heterogeneity of studies. Further research is urgently required to understand the impact of illness stage on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions.
Students' perception of corporate social responsibility: Analyzing the influence of gender, academic status, and exposure to business ethics education
Authors: Ugwuozor Felix Okechukwu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStudies on students' perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been growing in western scholarship. For students in African countries, such as Nigeria, there is little that is known about how and whether gender, level of study, and being enrolled in business education courses impact their perception of and disposition towards CSR. This study explores the significance of gender, academic status or level of study, and exposure to business ethics education (BEE) on Nigerian students' perception of CSR as a veritable business ethic. Specifically, the effects of these factors on students' perception of CSR are examined using analysis of variance. The results show a significant effect of exposure to BEE and gender on CSR‐sensitivity, and a mild, but significant effect of academic status. This implies that male students and female students had different perspectives on CSR issues. Students who took ethics courses and those who did not would run businesses differently. However, age and experience on campus did not influence students' perception or position on CSR. The study recommends that more behavioral models be estimated with the inclusion of more demographic and socioeconomic variables to elicit more robust results.
FDG‐PET/CT after two cycles of R‐CHOP in DLBCL predicts complete remission but has limited value in identifying patients with poor outcome – final result of a UK National Cancer Research Institute prospective study
Authors: Mikhaeel N. George , Cunningham David , Counsell Nicholas , McMillan Andrew , Radford John A. , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Lawrie Anthony , Smith Paul , Clifton‐Hadley Laura , O'Doherty Michael J. , Barrington Sally F. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe UK National Cancer Research Institute initiated a prospective study (UKCRN‐ID 1760) to assess the prognostic value of early fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In total, 189 patients with DLBCL treated with R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) had baseline and post‐cycle‐2 PET (PET2) within a quality assurance framework. Treatment decisions were based on CT; PET2 was archived for central blinded reporting after treatment completion. The association of PET2 response with end‐of‐treatment CT, progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was explored. The end‐of‐treatment complete response rate on CT was 83·9%, 75·0%, 70·5%, 40·4% and 36·4% for Deauville score (DS) 1 (n = 34), 2 (n = 39), 3 (n = 46), 4 (n = 56) and 5 (n = 14) (P < 0·001); and 64·1% and 50·0% for the maximum standardised uptake value (∆SUVmax) of ≥66% (n = 168) and <66% (n = 21), respectively (P = 0·25). After a median 5·4 years of follow‐up, the 5‐year PFS was 69·4%, 72·8%, 76·7%, 71·2% and 47·6% by DS 1–5 (P = 0·01); and 72·6% and 57·1% by ∆SUVmax of ≥66% and <66% (P = 0·03), respectively. The association with DS remained in multivariable analyses, and was consistent for OS. Early complete metabolic response (DS 1–3) at interim PET/CT after two cycles of R‐CHOP in DLBCL was associated with a higher end‐of‐treatment complete and overall response rate; however, only DS‐5 patients had inferior PFS and OS.
Cumulative outcome of pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis for sickle cell disease: a 5‐year review
Authors: Vali Saaliha , Mukhtar Sunbal , Nandi Anupa , Wilson Kieren , Oakley Laura , El‐Toukhy Tarek , Oteng‐Ntim Eugene 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTo review the cumulative outcome of pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles performed for prevention of sickle cell disease (SCD). Couples referred for PGD for SCD between April 2012 and October 2017 were included. Ovarian stimulation was performed using a short gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol and follicle‐stimulating hormone injections. The GnRH agonist was used to trigger oocyte maturation. Oocytes were fertilised using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Trophectoderm biopsy was performed on day 5 or 6 followed by vitrification. Genetic testing was done using pre‐implantation genetic haplotyping. A total of 60 couples started 70 fresh PGD cycles (mean 1·2 cycles/couple) and underwent a total of 74 frozen‐embryo‐transfer (FET) cycles (mean 1·3 FET/couple). The mean (SD) female age was 33 (4·4) years and the mean (SD) anti‐müllerian hormone level was 22·9 (2·8) pmol/l. The cumulative live‐birth rate was 54%/PGD cycle started and 63%/couple embarking on PGD. The rate of multiple births was 8%. The cumulative outcome of PGD treatment for prevention of SCD transmission is high and PGD treatment should be offered to all at‐risk couples.
Heterogeneity in reporting venous thromboembolic phenotypes in COVID‐19: methodological issues and clinical implications
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Stergiou George S. , Syrigos Konstantinos 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCOVID‐19 is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). However, there is significant heterogeneity in the thromboembolic phenotypes of COVID‐19 patients (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism/thrombosis). The latter might be partly attributed to the variation in VTE risk factors in COVID‐19 patients including: (i) patients’ characteristics; (ii) hospitalization conditions and interventions; and (iii) SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific factors (coagulopathy, endothelial injury/microthrombosis). Furthermore, there is methodological heterogeneity in relation to the assessment of VTE (indications for screening, diagnostic methodology, etc). Physicians should be aware of the increased VTE risk, strongly consider VTE screening, and use thromboprophylaxis in all hospitalized patients.