bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TTVC como método para la preparacion de hidroxiapatita con diferentes areas superficiales
Authors: Peón Avés Eduardo , Llópiz Yurell Julio César , Fuentes Estévez Gastón , Villanueva Álvarez Aníbal , Galván Sierra Juan Carlos , Ruiz Hitzky Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

La imposibilidad de controlar el área superficial específica en cerámicas sintéticas de
hidroxiapatita ha limitado su aplicación dentro del campo de los materiales para implantes óseos.
El presente trabajo presenta resultados que demuestran la eficacia de una variante de la novedosa
técnica de Análisis Térmico a Velocidad Controlada (ATVC), en la formación de polvos de
hidroxiapatita sintética a bajas temperaturas, técnica desarrollada por J. Rouquerol para la preparación
de materiales cerámicos con características texturales controladas. Los tratamientos térmicos
se llevaron a cabo en un dispositivo conectado a ordenador personal con programa de cómputo
capaz de controlar la temperatura y presión del sistema, manteniendo la velocidad de descomposición
constante. Se reportan los resultados al preparar polvos a 300, 400 y 850 °C bajo presión
controlada, a partir de hidroxiapatita sintética con relación molar Ca/P igual a 1.64, lo que fue
comprobado por espectroscopía IR y Difracción de Rayos-X. Se observó en estos análisis que la fase
formada corresponde a la hidroxiapatita pura cristalina, incluso a 300°C de temperatura máxima
del experimento. Al analizar las isotermas de adsorción de nitrógeno, se obtuvieron superficies
específicas (BET) entre 17 y 66 m2/g, con tamaño de poros en el rango de 50-300 Å en todos los
casos.
India and the Antiquarian Image: Richard Payne Knight’s A Discourse on the
Worship of Priapus
Authors: Carter Sarah 
Published: August 2020

À l’aide du livre infâme de Richard Payne Knight, A Discourse on the
Worship of Priapus (1786), cet article révèle les moyens entrepris par les
antiquaires pour lutter à l’échelle mondiale contre la culture matérielle ancienne.
Knight se sert du corpus classique et des techniques de création d’images des
antiquaires pour interpréter de manière emblématique les actes sexuels représentés
sur les artefacts rapportés en Grande-Bretagne par les employés de la Compagnie
britannique des Indes orientales, dont un fragment sculptural associé aux grottes
d’Elephanta. En collaboration avec son graveur, Knight transpose le fragment du
temple fait de grès en une gravure, un processus qui donne à l’exotique un caractère
familier par le recours au langage visuel néoclassique. Knight impose également au
lecteur/spectateur de reconsidérer le sens et le mérite esthétique d’oeuvres d’art
sexuellement explicites. Bien que son livre Discourse ait renforcé les
partis pris coloniaux envers l’Inde et son patrimoine culturel, la méthode
comparative de Knight confère une base philosophique à l’érotisme caractérisant
l’architecture sacrée en Asie du Sud et souligne l’importance du désir sexuel dans
les traditions artistiques anciennes, tant orientales qu’occidentales.
Taxonomic recognition of some species-level lineages circumscribed in nominal Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans s. lat. (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)
Authors: Szczepańska Katarzyna , Urbaniak Jacek , Śliwa Lucyna 
Published: August 2020

Background
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant., a saxicolous, placodioid lichen, is considered to have a worldwide distribution in warm-temperate to boreal-arctic areas in Asia, Europe and North America. However, recent studies have revealed that this species includes five unrecognized species-level lineages—‘subd A, B, C, D and E’. During research focused on the diversity of saxicolous lichens in mountainous areas of southern Poland, some interesting representatives of the genus Rhizoplaca were found. The main aim of our study was to determine the taxonomic status of the collected specimens by means of molecular tools and a comparative analysis of similar herbarium materials.

Methods
Detailed morphological, anatomical and chemical examinations of reference material from Asia, Europe and North and South America focused primarily on a selected group of lecanoroid taxa with a placodioid thallus. In addition, 21 new generated sequences representing Lecanora pseudomellea, Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Rhizoplaca opiniconensis, R. subdiscrepans s. lat. and R. phaedrophthalma were selected for molecular study using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA), together with 95 available GenBank sequences mainly from the genus Rhizoplaca.

Results
Polish specimens that clustered with members of a potential species-level lineage ‘subd E’ of Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans complex were recovered. Comprehensive analyses of the lichen group led us to the conclusion that lineage ‘subd E’ represents R. subdiscrepans s. str. and that the taxon appears to have a limited geographical distribution and specific habitat preferences. Furthermore, some of the recently defined species candidates within R. subdiscrepans s. lat.—‘subd D’ and ‘subd A’—should be assigned to two previously known species of Rhizoplaca, namely R. opiniconensis (Brodo) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch and R. phaedrophthalma (Poelt) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, respectively. These two species are characterized by phenotypic features observed as well in analyzed specimens representing lineages ’subd D’ and ’subd A’. Moreover, the representatives of these lineages demonstrate some differences in occupied habitat and geographical range that also correspond with the indicated species. Additionally, it was found that Lecanora pseudomellea B.D. Ryan is a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within Rhizoplaca, and therefore an appropriate new combination for the species is proposed.
Improved normalization of species count data in ecology by scaling with ranked subsampling (SRS): application to microbial communities
Authors: Beule Lukas , Karlovsky Petr 
Published: August 2020

Background
Analysis of species count data in ecology often requires normalization to an identical sample size. Rarefying (random subsampling without replacement), which is the current standard method for normalization, has been widely criticized for its poor reproducibility and potential distortion of the community structure. In the context of microbiome count data, researchers explicitly advised against the use of rarefying. Here we introduce a normalization method for species count data called scaling with ranked subsampling (SRS) and demonstrate its suitability for the analysis of microbial communities.

Methods
SRS consists of two steps. In the scaling step, the counts for all species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are divided by a scaling factor chosen in such a way that the sum of scaled counts equals the selected total number of counts Cmin. The relative frequencies of all OTUs remain unchanged. In the subsequent ranked subsampling step, non-integer count values are converted into integers by an algorithm that minimizes subsampling error with regard to the population structure (relative frequencies of species or OTUs) while keeping the total number of counts equal Cmin. SRS and rarefying were compared by normalizing a test library representing a soil bacterial community. Common parameters of biodiversity and population structure (Shannon index H’, species richness, species composition, and relative abundances of OTUs) were determined for libraries normalized to different size by rarefying as well as SRS with 10,000 replications each. An implementation of SRS in R is available for download (https://doi.org/10.20387/BONARES-2657-1NP3).

Results
SRS showed greater reproducibility and preserved OTU frequencies and alpha diversity better than rarefying. The variance in Shannon diversity increased with the reduction of the library size after rarefying but remained zero for SRS. Relative abundances of OTUs strongly varied among libraries generated by rarefying, whereas libraries normalized by SRS showed only negligible variation. Bray–Curtis index of dissimilarity among replicates of the same library normalized by rarefying revealed a large variation in species composition, which reached complete dissimilarity (not a single OTU shared) among some libraries rarefied to a small size. The dissimilarity among replicated libraries normalized by SRS remained negligibly low at each library size. The variance in dissimilarity increased with the decreasing library size after rarefying, whereas it remained either zero or negligibly low after SRS.

Conclusions
Normalization of OTU or species counts by scaling with ranked subsampling preserves the original community structure by minimizing subsampling errors. We therefore propose SRS for the normalization of biological count data.
Influencing Factors of Maize Production in South Africa: The Case of Mpumalanga, Free State and North West Provinces
Authors: Diko Andisiwe , Jun Wang 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Maize is of great significance in the national food security of South Africa. Maize production levels in South Africa continue to decline, further deteriorating the situation of increased food insecurity, unemployment and increased poverty levels in the face of increasing population. This paper investigated fundamental variables influencing maize yield in the South African major maize producing regions.
Study Design: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was employed to select maize producing farmers in the major maize producing provinces, namely Mpumalanga, Free State and North West provinces of South Africa. Furthermore, three districts were selected from which maize farmers were then selected.
Methodology: Using linear multiple regression for a sample of 202 maize farmers, maize yield as a dependent variable was regressed against land size, fertilizer usage, labour, herbicides and seeds as independent variables. The paper employed the Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate parameters. The data obtained from the field were subjected to analysis using inferential statistics using SPSS v20.
Results: The study showed that fertilizer, labour, and herbicides used in the production of maize in the study area were positively and statistically significant at a 5% confidence interval (P<0.05) with elasticity coefficients of 0.55, 0.47 and 0.198 respectively. The independent variables computed in the model had positive elasticity coefficients indicating a direct positive relationship between the input variables and maize output. The study also revealed that farmers in the study area were applying fewer amounts of fertilizer than the recommended rates per hectare.
Conclusion: The study recommends that the South African government should supply inputs to maize farmers at subsidized rates to promote correct application rates and attain higher yields. The promotion of good quality extension services to foster good agricultural practices in the production of maize is also recommended.
Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral Contents of Aframomum danielli (Ataiko) Seed
Authors: Emmanuel Peters Dikioye , Sarah Kojo, 
Published: August 2020

Background: Plant seeds are rich in nutrients and antinutrients which interfere with bioavailability of minerals.
Objective: This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate, anti-nutrients and minerals compositions and estimation of relative mineral bioavailability of Aframomum danielli seed (Ataiko).
Methods: Proximate composition was assessed by AOAC methods, minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anti-nutrients by titrimetric methods.
Results: Proximate compositions in percentage revealed carbohydrate with (51.95±0.15), crude fibre (16.00±0.10) and fat (2.35±0.15) was least. Caloric value (kcal 100 g) was 286.55±2.75 Phytate (1.98±0.03%) was higher than oxalate (0.06±0.00%). Major mineral percentage included phosphorus (7401.43 ± 318.24) and sulphur (1926.58 ± 21.49), minor minerals were in trace amounts. Molar ratios of phytate: Fe, Zn and Ca and oxalate:Ca were above their critical values.
Conclusion: A. daneilli seed is rich in nutrients, has high caloric value. High intake could lead to micronutrient malnutrition.
Efficacy of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens and Moringa oleifera in the Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens
Authors: Augusta Okoro, Chisom , Nwakaego Onaebi, Chiemeka 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Soil-borne diseases are difficult to control because they are caused by pathogens that can survive for long periods in the absence of the normal crop host and often have a wide host range including weeds. This present study was design to assess the antifungal assay dependent effect of methanolic extracts of Hyptis suaveolens and Moringa oleifera on Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum.
Methods: The presence of biologically active ingredients (alkaloid, saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, hydrogen cyanides, phenols and glycoside) in the leaf extracts was investigated using standard procedures. The antifungal activities of the plant extract were tested against Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum using disc and well diffusion assays.
Results: The results of the phytochemical evaluated showed that H. suaveolens, contained significantly higher alkaloids, saponins, hydrogen cyanide, flavonoids and phenols than M. oleifera, while on the other hand, M. oleifera contained significantly higher terpenoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides. Consequently, H. suaveolens extract similarly recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher inhibition on the organisms as compared to M. oleifera. The disc diffusion assay method was more sensitive than the well diffusion assay. H. suaveolens at 100 mg/ml using disc diffusion assay method showed higher inhibition on both P. colocasiae and F. oxysporum. While M. oleifera recorded higher inhibition on F. oxysporum at 50 mg/ml and P. colocasiae at 100 mg/ml using the disc diffusion assay method. MIC was lowest with H. suaveolens (12.5 mg/ml) against F. oxysporum.
Conclusion: These results promote the identification of actives substances from these plants for use as lead molecules in the development of new fungicides for the control of Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum.
Level of Some Mineral Elements in Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Drink Consumed within Gombe Metropolis
Authors: Umar S. M. , Maigari F. U. , Idi J. J. , Salome J. 
Published: August 2020

The study was conducted to determine the levels of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium present in Zobo Drink consumed in Gombe metropolis. Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink has been consumed for decades as a non-alcoholic beverage, thus, the knowledge of its nutritional value is of huge interest. Hence, it is important to determine the level of some minerals present in the beverage. Ten samples were bought from different retailers within Gombe metropolis and were digested using Aqua regia (1:3 of HNO3 and HCL) in the laboratory and the levels of the various elements in each sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained showed that the sample from Gombe State University commercial area 1 has the highest (P<0.05) magnesium content (9.38.±0.02 mg/kg). Calcium (2.90.±0.02 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (9.11.±0.02 mg/kg) were found to be highest in samples obtained from Arawa market and Gombe State University commercial area 2 respectively. Potassium was (14.45.±0.05 mg/kg) was highest in the beverage gotten from Gombe State University commercial area 2. The results showed that Zobo drink sold in Gombe metropolis possess some amount of the assayed minerals but are lower than the Regular Dietary Intake (RDI) permissible by the World Health Organisation.
Effects of Thymus schimperi and Moringa stenopetala Leaf Extracts on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Status in Pre-eclampsia Rat Models
Authors: Mergiaw Kumlachew , Mengesha Yoseph A. , Tolessa Tesfaye , Makonnen Eyasu , Genet Solomon , Abebe Abiy , Gebreyesus Kidist , Tadele Ashenif , Debella Asfaw , Ashencho Demeke 
Published: August 2020

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are common pregnancy complications, with a cumulative incidence of 7%. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is the most common clinical type of HDP and one of the five top leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. There is imbalance between lipid peroxides and antioxidant system in PE. Established PE is associated with increased concentrations of oxidative stress markers including lipid peroxidation products, and a reduction in antioxidant concentrations.
Methods: A case control experimental method was employed on Wistar rats with induced pre-eclampsia using nitric oxide-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Lipid peroxide content was estimated according to the method of Ohkawa et al. 1979. Total antioxidant capacity was assayed using colorimetric azinobis 2, 2′3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical cathion decolorization assay.
Results: Lipid peroxides of untreated PE rat models were significantly (p<0.01) higher (0.57±0.08 nmol of malondyaldehide (MDA) per gram tissue weight) compared to normal pregnant controls (0.11±0.03 nmol). PE rat models that received aqueous leaf extracts of Thymus schimperi (ALETS) had (0.09±0.01, 0.07±0.002 and 0.02±0.002 nmol) (p<0.05) while, those PE rat models that received aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa stenopetala (ALEMS) had (0.36±0.08, 0.20±0.003 and 0.13±0.02 nmol) (p<0.05) with daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively. On the other hand, untreated PE rat models had significantly (p<0.01) lower levels of serum total anti-oxidants (24.5±0.9 μg/ml of ascorbic acid equivalent) compared to normal pregnant controls (28.1±0.4 μg/ml). ALETS or ALEMS treated PE rat models had significantly (p<0.01) higher levels of serum total anti-oxidants in a dose dependent manner compared to untreated PE controls; (27.6±0.3, 29.5±0.3, 31.2±0.4 μg/ml and 29.2±0.3, 29.7±0.3, 30.6±0.4 μg/ml) with daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively. ALETS treated PE rat models had significantly (p<0.05) reduced total lipid peroxides compared to ALEMS treated counterparts.
Conclusion: ALETS and ALEMS might have significant therapeutic effects against PE syndrome through reducing lipid peroxides and increasing total anti-oxidants.
A Study on Mode of Injury, Types of Fractures and Associated Trauma in Unstable Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Arshad A. R. , Rajashekar M. R. , Srinivasan . 
Published: August 2020

Aim: The present study was aimed to analyze the mode of injury, different type of fractures and associated injuries in patients with unstable pelvic fractures who are later managed by surgical interventions.
Materials and Methods: The study involved 21 cases of unstable pelvic injuries (Tile type B and C) managed surgically patients.
Results: The result showed that out of 21 patients, 6 patients (28.6%) had associated skeletal and/or soft tissue injuries. Of which 9.4% (n=2) patients had nerve injury. Despite aggressive resuscitation including application of external fixators, the mortality of 10-20% remain unchanged.
Conclusion: Anatomic reduction and internal fixation of unstable pelvic injuries gives excellent stability, allows for early mobility with good functional outcome.
Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Different Bioactive Fractions Present in Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Root Extract: An in-vitro Approach
Authors: Khalid Mohammad , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Foudah Ahmed I. , Akhtar Juber , . Badruddeen , Shoaib Ambreen , Alam Prawez 
Published: August 2020

Aim and Objectives: Boerhavia diffusa (B. diffusa) frequently known as punarnava is specifically used to replenish the body. The present work was designed to evaluate the scavenging potential of its bioactive constituents.
Materials and Methods: The different fractions of B. diffusa root methanolic extract were examined for phenolic, flavonoids contents, DPPH free radical and Nitric oxide scavenging activities. Further antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS free radical scavenging method and also from the reducing potential scavenging activity. The total phenolic content in different fractions by using various solvent like ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were carried out to find the antioxidant activities.
Results: The phenolic content was highest in ethanolic fraction that was significantly comparable with ascorbic acid. The flavonoid content was highest in ethanol fraction (41.93 ± 3.92 µg/mL) followed by n-butanol fraction (31.68 ± 1.72 µg/mL), then ethyl acetate fraction (29.67 ± 2.83 µg/mL) and least in chloroform fraction (16.91 ± 2.74 µg/mL). The ethanolic fraction of B. diffusa also showed highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (101.29 ± 3.78) when compared with other fractions of same extract using different solvent phases. Moreover the nitric oxide scavenging activity of ethanolic fraction was maximum (82.31 ± 2.83) than different fractions. The ethanolic fraction also showed improved ABTS radical scavenging activity (81.73 ± 2.73 mg/mL) while chloroform fraction showed poor ABTS radical cation scavenging activity (29.51 ± 2.79 mg/mL).
Conclusions: The study concludes that Boerhavia diffusa has rich and ample source of phenolic acid and flavonoids. Among all fractions the ethanolic has potent antioxidant activity, which shows its significance for a better novel approach.
Association of Lympho-vascular Invasion with Various Known Prognostic Markers in Breast Carcinomna
Authors: Dam Moumita , Ganapathy Hemalatha 
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer is the one of the most frequent neoplasm in women. In the last decades, detection of disease in earlier clinical stages has improved prognosis, however five-year disease-free survival still remains at about 72%. For this reason, continuing efforts to establish reliable prognostic markers are made. The presence of lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Studies show that D2-40 immuno-stain demonstrated a significant higher detection of LVI as compared with routine H&E staining in early breast cancer. LVI is associated with axillary lymph node metastases and a long-term prognostic factor. A precise identification of LVI would have a strong clinical impact for breast cancer patients. In this study, we aim to demonstrated.
LVI as a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with lymph node- negative patients with primary invasive breast cancer and its association with other known parameters such as tumour size, tumour grade, nodal metastasis and age.
Engineering Wavy‐Nanostructured Anode Interphases with Fast Ion Transfer Kinetics: Toward Practical Li‐Metal Full Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Shen Zeyu , Li Siyuan , Fan Lei , Wang Xinyang , Chen Fang , Zang Xiaoxian , Wu Tian , Ma Fuyuan , Lu Yingying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFast Li‐metal depletion and severe anode pulverization are the most critical obstacles for the energy‐dense Li‐metal full batteries using thin Li‐metal anodes (<50 µm). Here, a wavy‐nanostructured solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with fast ion transfer kinetics is reported, which can promote high‐efficiency Li‐metal plating/stripping (>98% at 4 mAh cm−2) in conventional carbonate electrolyte. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) further reveals the fundamental relationship between wavy‐nanostructured SEI, function, and the electrochemical performance. The wavy SEI with greatly decreased surface diffusion resistance can realize grain coarsening of Li‐metal deposition and exhaustive dissolution of active Li‐metal during the stripping process, which can effectively alleviate “dead Li” accumulation and anode pulverization problems in practical full cells. Under highly challenging conditions (45 µm Li‐metal anodes, 4.3 mAh cm−2 high capacity LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes), full cells exhibit significantly improved cycling lifespan (170 cycles; 20 cycles for control cells) via the application of wavy SEI.