bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabricating 3D Metastructures by Simultaneous Modulation of Flexible Resist Stencils and Basal Molds
Authors: Cai Hongbing , Meng Qiushi , Chen Qiang , Ding Huaiyi , Dai Yanmeng , Li Sijia , Chen Disheng , Tan Qinghai , Pan Nan , Zeng Changgan , Qi Zeming , Liu Gang , Tian Yangchao , Gao Weibo , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetamaterials have gained much attention thanks to their extraordinary and intriguing optical properties beyond natural materials. However, universal high‐resolution fabrications of 3D micro/nanometastructures with high‐resolution remain a challenge. Here, a novel approach to fabricate sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures with excellent robustness and precise controllability is demonstrated by simultaneously modulating of flexible resist stencils and basal molds. This method allows arbitrary manipulations of morphology, size, and orientation, as well as contact angles of the objects. Combined with a new alignment strategy of high‐resolution, previously inaccessible architectures are fabricated with ultrahigh precision, leading to an excellent spectra response from the fabricated metastructures. This method provides a new possibility to realize true 3D metamaterial fabrications featuring high‐resolution and direct‐compatibility with broad planar lithography platforms.
Single‐Crystal SnSe Thermoelectric Fibers via Laser‐Induced Directional Crystallization: From 1D Fibers to Multidimensional Fabrics
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Ting , Zhang Hang , Wang Zhixun , Li Chen , Wang Zhe , Li Kaiwei , Huang Xingming , Chen Ming , Chen Zhe , Tian Zhiting , Chen Haisheng , Zhao Li‐Dong , Wei Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle‐crystal tin selenide (SnSe), a record holder of high‐performance thermoelectric materials, enables high‐efficient interconversion between heat and electricity for power generation or refrigeration. However, the rigid bulky SnSe cannot satisfy the applications for flexible and wearable devices. Here, a method is demonstrated to achieve ultralong single‐crystal SnSe wire with rock‐salt structure and high thermoelectric performance with diameters from micro‐ to nanoscale. This method starts from thermally drawing SnSe into a flexible fiber‐like substrate, which is polycrystalline, highly flexible, ultralong, and mechanically stable. Then a CO2 laser is employed to recrystallize the SnSe core to single‐crystal over the entire fiber. Both theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the single‐crystal rock‐salt SnSe fibers possess high thermoelectric properties, significantly enhancing the ZT value to 2 at 862 K. This simple and low‐cost approach offers a promising path to engage the fiber‐shaped single‐crystal materials in applications from 1D fiber devices to multidimensional wearable fabrics.
Rational Design of Transparent Nanowire Architectures with Tunable Geometries for Preventing Marine Fouling
Authors: Wang Jing , Lee Sudarat , Bielinski Ashley R. , Meyer Kevin A. , Dhyani Abhishek , Ortiz‐Ortiz Alondra M. , Tuteja Anish , Dasgupta Neil P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMarine biofouling is a sticky global problem that hinders maritime industries. Various microscale surface structures inspired by marine biological species have been explored for their anti‐fouling properties. However, systematic studies of anti‐marine‐fouling performance on surface architectures with characteristic length‐scales spanning from below 100 nm to greater than 10 µm are generally lacking. Herein, a study on the rational design and fabrication of ZnO/Al2O3 core–shell nanowire architectures with tunable geometries (length, spacing, and branching) and surface chemistry is presented. The ability of the nanowires to significantly delay or prevent marine biofouling is demonstrated. Compared to planar surfaces, hydrophilic nanowires can reduce fouling coverage by up to ≈60% after 20 days. The fouling reduction mechanism is mainly due to two geometric effects: reduced effective settlement area and mechanical cell penetration. Additionally, superhydrophobic nanowires can completely prevent marine biofouling for up to 22 days. The nanowire surfaces are transparent across the visible spectrum, making them applicable to windows and oceanographic sensors. Through the rational control of surface nano‐architectures, the coupled relationships between wettability, transparency, and anti‐biofouling performance are identified. It is envisioned that the insights gained from the work can be used to systematically design surfaces that reduce marine biofouling in various industrial settings.
Coupling 3D Printing and Novel Replica Molding for In House Fabrication of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Devices
Authors: Iuliano Alessandro , van der Wal Erik , Ruijmbeek Claudine W. B. , in ‘t Groen Stijn L. M. , Pijnappel W. W. M. Pim , de Greef Jessica C. , Saggiomo Vittorio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transition from 2D to 3D engineered tissue cultures is changing the way biologists can perform in vitro functional studies. However, there has been a paucity in the establishment of methods required for the generation of microdevices and cost‐effective scaling up. To date, approaches including multistep photolithography, milling and 3D printing have been used that involve specialized and expensive equipment or time‐consuming steps with variable success. Here, a fabrication pipeline is presented based on affordable off‐the‐shelf 3D printers and novel replica molding strategies for rapid and easy in‐house production of hundreds of 3D culture devices per day, with customizable size and geometry. This pipeline is applied to generate tissue engineered skeletal muscles in vitro using human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived myogenic progenitors. These production methods can be employed in any standard biomedical laboratory.
Enhanced Fractional Acoustic Vortices by an Annulus Acoustic Metasurface with Multi‐Layered Rings
Authors: Luo Yanchun , Jia Yurou , Yao Jie , Wu Dajian , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn annulus acoustic metasurface (AAM) with multi‐layered rings is proposed to achieve the enhanced fractional acoustic vortices (FAVs). It is found that the enhancement of the transmitted FAV through the AAM is sensitive to the radial interval between adjacent ring‐structures. A greatly enhanced FAV is theoretically obtained by the optimized AAM. Then finite element models based on composite labyrinthine structures are established and the generation of the enhanced FAV is confirmed by simulations. Furthermore, the optimized AAM samples are fabricated and experimentally generate the enhanced FAV with topological charge of 1.5. The FAV generated by the optimized AAM with three‐rings is ≈5.4 times stronger than that generated by the classical AAM with one‐ring. Finally, experimental results show that the greatly enhanced FAV can capture micro‐particles and rotate a sound absorbing disk easily. The greatly enhanced FAV by the AAM may be more efficient for the micro‐particle manipulation, edge‐detection image, and acoustic communication.
Ultralow Broadband Reflectivity in Black Silicon via Synergy between Hierarchical Texture and Specific‐Size Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zengxing , Martinsen Thomas , Liu Guohua , Tayyib Muhammad , Cui Danfeng , de Boer Meint J. , Karlsen Frank , Jakobsen Henrik , Xue Chenyang , Wang Kaiying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAntireflectivity is one of the critical factors defining the performance of black silicon in optical, photothermal, photochemical, and optoelectronic applications. The photonic applications under visible light illumination are commonly tuned through surface texturing; however, their promising performance under longer wavelength (>1100 nm) requires either intrinsic lattice modifications or additional substance enhancement. Recent advances in microfabrication and material engineering have enabled in‐depth exploration into the synergy between surface texturing and material reinforcement. In this study, black silicon with novel chimney‐like hierarchical micro/nanostructures is fabricated via two‐step reactive ion etching, and subsequently gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are loaded on the black silicon by magnetron sputtering deposition. The micro/nanostructures result in synergy effect with the Au NPs on suppression of light reflection. An ultralow broadband reflection (<1%, wavelength 220–2600 nm) is achieved from the Au‐loaded black silicon substrates. The impact of Au NPs and structural design such as size, spacing, shape, and etching duration on antireflectivity of black silicon is investigated. This study opens up new avenue for high‐efficiency applications of black silicon in the fields of sustainable energy and photonics/microelectronics.
High‐Throughput Nanofabrication of Metasurfaces with Polarization‐Dependent Response
Authors: Matricardi Cristiano , Garcia‐Pomar Juan Luis , Molet Pau , Pérez Luis Alberto , Alonso Maria Isabel , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Mihi Agustín 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal nanostructures offer exciting ways to manage light at the nanoscale exploited in fields such as imaging, sensing, energy conversion, and information processing. The optical response of the metallic architectures can be engineered to exhibit photonic properties that span from plasmon resonances to more complex phenomena such as negative refractive index, optical chirality, artificial magnetism, and more. However, the latter optical properties are only observed in intricate architectures, which are highly demanding in terms of nanofabrication and hence less scalable and far away from device implementation. Here, a series of metasurfaces covering centimeter areas and operating in the visible spectrum are presented, which are produced from the combination of nanoimprinting lithography and oblique angle metal evaporation. The potential of this scalable approach is illustrated by easily fabricating metasurfaces engineered to exhibit artificial optical magnetism, tunable linear polarization dependent response, chirality with g‐factor of 0.2, and photoluminescence enhancement of 20 times over a 9 mm2 area.
Ultrabroadband, Fast, and Flexible Photodetector Based on HfTe5 Crystal
Authors: Niu Yingying , Wang Yingxin , Wu Weidong , Wang Pengfei , Sun Jialin , Wen Jianguo , Lu Xiaowei , Jiang Peng , Zhang Sijie , Wang Nanlin , Wu Dong , Zhao Ziran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltrabroad spectrum detection has a wide range of photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as spectroscopy, optical communication, imaging, and sensing. 3D topological insulator candidates are promising materials for fast high‐performance photodetectors owing to their linear dispersion band structure and high carrier mobility. In this study, an ultrabroadband photothermoelectric (PTE) self‐powered detector based on the topological insulator candidate HfTe5 is reported for the first time. The photosensitive properties are characterized in an ultrabroadband range from the ultraviolet (375 nm) to terahertz (118.8 µm) wavelengths, and the responsivities at all examined wavelengths are found to be greater than 1 V W−1 at room temperature. Owing to the Dirac band dispersion of HfTe5, the response time (τ) of the proposed detector is as short as ≈1 ms, which is 1–3 orders of magnitude faster than that of recently reported PTE detectors based on millimeter‐scale graphene, 3D graphene, EuBiSe3 single crystal, and SrTiO3 crystal. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the HfTe5 detector to the light intensity and direction of linearly‐polarized light is demonstrated. Thus, the proposed device demonstrates outstanding flexibility, air stability, and long‐term photostability as well, displaying high potential for practical applications in wearable optoelectronics.
Chemical Artificial Internalizing Receptors for Primary T Cells
Authors: Monge Pere , Tvilum Anne , Søgaard Ane Bretschneider , Løvschall Kaja Borup , Jarlstad Olesen Morten T. , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe newest generation of cell‐based technologies relies heavily on methods to communicate to the engineered cells using artificial receptors, specifically to deactivate the cells administered to a patient in the event of adverse effects. Herein, artificial synthetic internalizing receptors are engineered that function in mammalian cells in 2D and in 3D and afford targeted, specific intracellular drug delivery with nanomolar potency in the most challenging cell type, namely primary, donor‐derived T cells. Receptor design comprises a lipid bilayer anchor for receptor integration into cell membrane and a small xenobiotic molecule as a recognition ligand. Artificial receptors are successfully targeted by the corresponding antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) and exhibit efficient cargo cell entry with ensuing intracellular effects. Receptor integration into cells is fast and robust and affords targeted cell entry in under 2 h. Through a combination of the receptor design and the use of ADC, combined benefits previously made available by chimeric artificial receptors (performance in T cells) and the chemical counterpart (robustness and simplicity) in a single functional platform is achieved. Artificial synthetic receptors are poised to facilitate the maturation of engineered cells as tools of biotechnology and biomedicine.
Implementation of Dropout Neuronal Units Based on Stochastic Memristive Devices in Neural Networks with High Classification Accuracy
Authors: Huang He‐Ming , Xiao Yu , Yang Rui , Yu Ye‐Tian , He Hui‐Kai , Wang Zhe , Guo Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeural networks based on memristive devices have achieved great progress recently. However, memristive synapses with nonlinearity and asymmetry seriously limit the classification accuracy. Moreover, insufficient number of training samples in many cases also have negative effect on the classification accuracy of neural networks due to overfitting. In this work, dropout neuronal units are developed based on stochastic volatile memristive devices of Ag/Ta2O5:Ag/Pt. The memristive neural network using the dropout neuronal units effectively solves the problem of overfitting and mitigates the negative effects of the nonideality of memristive synapses, eventually achieves a classification accuracy comparable to the theoretical limit. The stochastic and volatile switching performances of the Ag/Ta2O5:Ag/Pt device are attributed to the stochastical rupture of the Ag filament under high electrical stress in the Ta2O5 layer, according to the TEM observation and the kinetic Monte Carlo simulation.
Double the Capacity of Manganese Spinel for Lithium‐Ion Storage by Suppression of Cooperative Jahn–Teller Distortion
Authors: Zuo Changjian , Hu Zongxiang , Qi Rui , Liu Jiajie , Li Zhibo , Lu Junliang , Dong Cheng , Yang Kai , Huang Weiyuan , Chen Cong , Song Zhibo , Song Sicheng , Yu Yaoming , Zheng Jiaxin , Pan Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relatively low capacity and capacity fade of spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) limit its application as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Extending the potential window of LMO below 3 V to access double capacity would be fantastic but hard to be realized, as it will lead to fast capacity loss due to the serious Jahn–Teller distortion. Here using experiments combined with extensive ab initio calculations, it is proved that there is a cooperative effect among individual Jahn–Teller distortions of Mn3+O6 octahedrons in LMO, named as cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion (CJTD) in the text, which is the difficulty to access the capacity beyond one lithium intercalation. It is further proposed that the cationic disordering (excess Li at Mn sites and Li/Mn exchange) can intrinsically suppress the CJTD of Mn3+O6 octahedrons. The cationic disordering can break the symmetry of Mn3+ arrangements to disrupt the correlation of distortions arising from individual JT centers and prevent the Mn3+O bonds distorting along one direction. Interestingly, with the suppressed CJTD, the original octahedral vacancies in spinel LMO are activated and can serve as extra Li‐ion storage sites to access the double capacity with good reversible cycling stability in microsized LMO.
Membranes with Well‐Defined Selective Layer Regulated by Controlled Solvent Diffusion for High Power Density Flow Battery
Authors: Shi Mengqi , Dai Qing , Li Fan , Li Tianyu , Hou Guangjin , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMembranes with precise control of selective layer are designed and prepared by adjusting diffusion of solvents. Combining experiments and theoretical calculations, the formation mechanism of ion conductive membranes prepared by a non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method is found to be related to internal diffusion flux of solvent to the non‐solvent bath and external diffusion flux of non‐solvent to the casting solution. By regulating the internal and external diffusion rates via a two‐step NIPS method, a series of polybenzimidazole (PBI) porous membranes with independently controlled thin selective skin layers and highly porous support layers are fabricated, which achieve a simultaneous improvement in ion selectivity and proton conductivity. A vanadium flow battery assembled with a PBI membrane demonstrates an energy efficiency of 80% at a current density of 220 mA cm−2, which is the highest value among the reported PBI membranes. This provides a simple and effective way to fabricate membranes with well‐defined morphologies.
Fluorophosphates: Next Generation Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Adiga Shashishekar P. , Alshareef Husam N. , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCost, safety, and cycle life have emerged as prime concerns to build robust batteries to cater to the global energy demand. These concerns are impacted by all battery components, but the realizable energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is limited by the performance of cathodes. Thus, cathode materials have a significant role to play in advancing the performance and economics of secondary batteries. To realize next generation Li‐ion and post Li‐ion batteries, a variety of cathode insertion materials have been explored, but finding a cost effective and stable cathode material that can deliver high energy density has been a daunting task. Oxide cathode materials are ubiquitous in commercial applications, as they can deliver high capacity. In comparison, polyanionic insertion materials can offer tuneable (high) redox potential, operational safety, and structural as well as thermal stability. Indeed, a wide range of polyanionic materials like phosphates, borates, sulfates, and their complexes have been reported. In this article, the alkali metal fluorophosphates class of polyanionic cathodes for secondary batteries is discussed. The various reported fluorophosphate insertion materials are discussed in terms of their electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. The historical overview, recent progress, and remaining challenges for polyanionic fluorophosphates are presented along with suggested future research directions and potential application.
Current Challenges in the Development of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mora‐Seró Iván 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have experienced a continuous performance growth in the past years presenting a photoconversion efficiency >13%. QDSSCs constitute a smart approach to take advantage of the properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), mitigating the transport constrains. In contrast with other QD solar cell configurations, for QDSSCs, the record efficiencies have been reported with Pb and Cd‐free based sensitizers. The development of techniques in order to provide photoanodes with very high QD loading and the discovery of new electrolytes, including all solid configurations, are the most important future challenges that this technology must address to further increase cell performance and stability.
Greenhouse gases emissions from tropical grasslands affected by nitrogen fertilizer management
Authors: Raposo Elisamara , Brito Liziane F. , Janusckiewicz Estella R. , Oliveira Luíza F. , Versuti Jonathan , Assumpção Fabiana M. , Cardoso Abmael S. , Siniscalchi Débora , Delevatti Lutti M. , Malheiros Euclides B. , Reis Ricardo A. , Ruggieri Ana Cláudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGreenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from livestock systems are important because of their significant contribution to global warming. Nitrogen fertilization can improve system production; however, it alters soil gas emissions. We evaluated soil nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to investigate how they are affected by increasing levels of N fertilizer (urea) in a productive Marandu grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst ex A. Rich) Stapf] pasture subjected to continuous grazing by young Nellore beef cattle (Bos indicus). The N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions were significantly affected by increasing N fertilizer levels. The seasons also affected GHGs emissions. Nitrogen fertilizer favored CH4 consumption relative to the control plot without N, with mean emission of 23.7 μg CH4−C m−2 h−1 in the fertilized plots compared to 61.6 μg CH4−C m−2 h−1 in the control. The N‐fertilized areas presented higher CO2 emissions compared to the control plot without N. The areas that received N fertilization showed a positive linear association between the water‐filled pore space and N2O emission. Soil temperature drove CO2 emissions. Increasing N fertilization in grazed marandu grass increases N2O and CO2 emissions during the growing season, while reducing CH4. The effect of fertilization during the transition season was not apparent, and perhaps other factors could provide a better explanation for the GHG emissions during this period.
Validation of online functional measures in cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Nosheny Rachel L. , Camacho Monica R. , Jin Chengshi , Neuhaus John , Truran Diana , Flenniken Derek , Ashford Miriam , Carrillo Maria C. , Fargo Keith N. , Hendrix James , Hanna Lucy , Rabinovici Gil , Maruff Paul , Mackin R. Scott , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of functional status is associated with risk of cognitive decline and diagnosis of dementia, and can be assessed by participants and study partners (SPs).MethodsIn 770 older adults enrolled in the Imaging Dementia‐Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) study and the online Brain Health Registry (BHR), we estimated associations between online assessments and clinical variables related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.ResultsWorse online learning scores and SP‐reported functional decline were associated with higher probability of AD dementia diagnosis and poor in‐clinic cognitive assessment, and with higher odds of amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity when combined with participants’ report of less decline. SP report of functional decline conferred predictive value independent of online cognitive assessments. Participants underreported decline compared to SPs.DiscussionThe results support the validity of online assessments and their greater utilization in healthcare and research settings. Online SP‐reported functional decline is an indicator of dementia and AD risk.