bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do community scorecards improve utilisation of health services in community clinics: experience from a rural area of Bangladesh
Authors: Hanifi S. M. A. , Hossain Aazia , Chowdhury Asiful Haidar , Hoque Shahidul , Selim Mohammad Abdus , Mahmood Shehrin Shaila , Bhuiya Abbas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The government of Bangladesh initiated community clinics (CC) to extend the reach of public health services and these facilities were planned to be run through community participation. However, utilisation of CC services is still very low. Evidence indicates community score card is an effective tool to increase utilisation of services from health facility through regular interface meeting between service providers and beneficiary. We investigated whether community scorecards (CSC) improve utilisation of health services provided by CCs in rural area of Bangladesh.

Methods
This study was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018. Three intervention and three control CCs were selected from Chakaria, a rural sub-district of Bangladesh. CSC was introduced with the Community Groups and Community Support Groups in intervention CCs between January to October 2018. Data were collected through observation of CCs during operational hours, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and from DHIS2. Utilisation of CC services was compared between intervention and control areas, pre and post CSC intervention.

Results
Post CSC intervention, community awareness about CC services, utilisation of clinic operational hours, and accountability of healthcare providers have increased in the intervention CCs. Utilisation of primary healthcare services including family planning services, antenatal care, postnatal care and basic health services have significantly improved in intervention CCs.

Conclusion
CSC is an effective tool to increase the service utilization provided by CCs by ensuring community awareness and participation, and service providers’ accountability. Policy makers and concerned authorities may take necessary steps to integrate community scorecard in the health system by incorporating it in CCs.
Maple syrup urine disease in Brazilian patients: variants and clinical phenotype heterogeneity
Authors: Margutti Ana Vitoria Barban , Silva Wilson Araújo , Garcia Daniel Fantozzi , de Molfetta Greice Andreotti , Marques Adriana Aparecida , Amorim Tatiana , Prazeres Vânia Mesquita Gadelha , Boy da Silva Raquel Tavares , Miura Irene Kazue , Seda Neto João , Santos Emerson de Santana , Santos Mara Lúcia Schmitz Ferreira , Lourenço Charles Marques , Tonon Tássia , Sperb-Ludwig Fernanda , de Souza Carolina Fischinger Moura , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Döederlein , Camelo José Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by deficient activity of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzymatic complex. BCKD is a mitochondrial complex encoded by BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD genes. MSUD is predominantly caused by Variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes encoding the E1α, E1β, and E2 subunits of BCKD complex, respectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of MSUD by identifying the point variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes in a cohort of Brazilian MSUD patients and to describe their phenotypic heterogeneity. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 21 MSUD patients involving molecular genotyping by Sanger sequencing.

Results
Eight new variants predicted as pathogenic were found between 30 variants (damaging and non-damaging) identified in the 21 patients analyzed: one in the BCKDHA gene (p.Tyr120Ter); five in the BCKDHB gene (p.Gly131Val, p.Glu146Glnfs * 13, p.Phe149Cysfs * 9, p.Cys207Phe, and p.Lys211Asn); and two in the DBT gene (p.Glu148Ter and p.Glu417Val). Seventeen pathogenic variants were previously described and five variants showed no pathogenicity according to in silico analysis.

Conclusion
Given that most of the patients received late diagnoses, the study results do not allow us to state that the molecular features of MSUD variant phenotypes are predictive of clinical severity.
Mini-review: advances in 3D bioprinting of vascularized constructs
Authors: Bova Lorenzo , Billi Fabrizio , Cimetta Elisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
3D in vitro constructs have gained more and more relevance in tissue engineering and in cancer-modeling. In recent years, with the development of thicker and more physiologically relevant tissue patches, the integration of a vascular network has become pivotal, both for sustaining the construct in vitro and to help the integration with the host tissue once implanted. Since 3D bioprinting is rising to be one of the most versatile methods to create vascularized constructs, we here briefly review the most promising advances in bioprinting techniques.
Assessing the impact of DRS signaling in unlicensed indoor coexistence scenarios
Authors: Baena Eduardo , Fortes Sergio , Barco Raquel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of unlicensed bands is one of the most promising features envisaged to increase capacity in 5G. However, this poses multiple challenges associated with the operation when coexisting networks are present, such as WiFi. Previous coexistence analyses have been focused on the user-plane data-related transmissions and mainly based on abstract models. Meanwhile, the effects of the shared channel signaling defined by the standards have been mostly disregarded, particularly for ultra-dense scenarios. This paper assesses how the shared data channel signaling mechanisms influence the performance of the coexisting technologies operating unlicensed bands in indoor environments. Based on this analysis, some DRS signaling modifications are envisaged to additionally enhance the service provision and fairness towards WiFi in these scenarios.
Are RGB-based salient object detection methods unsuitable for light field data?
Authors: Liu Yu , Xiao Huaxin , Tan Hanlin , Li Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Considering the significant progress made on RGB-based deep salient object detection (SOD) methods, this paper seeks to bridge the gap between those 2D methods and 4D light field data, instead of implementing specific 4D methods. We observe that the performance of 2D methods changes dramatically with the input refocusing on different depths. This paper attempts to make the 2D methods available for light field SOD by learning to select the best single image from the 4D tensor. Given a 2D method, a deep model is proposed to explicitly compare pairs of SOD results on one light field sample. Moreover, a comparator module is designed to integrate the features from a pair, which provides more discriminative representations to classify. Experiments over 13 latest 2D methods and 2 datasets demonstrate the proposed method can bring about 24.0% and 5.3% average improvement of mean absolute error and F-measure, and outperform state-of-the-art 4D methods by a large margin.
First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon
Authors: Yougang Aurelie P. , Kamgang Basile , Bahun Theodel A. Wilson , Tedjou Armel N. , Nguiffo-Nguete Daniel , Njiokou Flobert , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAedesborne viral diseases, notably dengue, are increasingly reported in Cameroon withAedes aegyptibeing a major vector. Data on insecticide resistance of this vector and underlying mechanisms needed for outbreak preparedness remain scarce in Cameroon. Here, we present the nationwide distribution of insecticide resistance inAe. aegyptiand investigate the potential resistance mechanisms involved.MethodsImmature stages ofAe. aegyptiwere collected between March and July 2017 in 13 locations across Cameroon and reared until G1/G2/G3 generation. Larval, adult bioassays, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist assays were carried out according to World Health Organization guidelines. F1534C mutation was genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction in field collected adults (Go) and the polymorphism of the sodium channel gene was assessed. Theχ2test was used to compare the mortality rate between bioassays with insecticides only and bioassays after preexposure to PBO synergist.ResultsLarval bioassay revealed that all the three populations tested with temephos were susceptible. Adult bioassays showed a good level of susceptibility toward both pyrethroids tested, 0.25% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin, with six out of 10 populations susceptible. However, two populations (Douala and Edéa) were resistant (deltamethrin [73.2–92.5% mortality], permethrin [2.6–76.3% mortality]). The resistance to 4% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was observed in four out of 10 populations tested (16.8–87.1% mortality). Resistance was also reported to carbamates including 0.1% propoxur (60.8–87.1% mortality) and to 0.1% bendiocarb (82.9% mortality). All populations tested were fully susceptible to 1% fenitrothion. A partial recovery of susceptibility was observed in the pyrethroid resistant population of Douala after pre-exposed to PBO suggesting the implication of cytochrome P450 monoxygenases permethrin resistance. Genotyping and sequencing detected the F1534Ckdrmutation in the two pyrethroid resistant locations of Edéa and Douala, with allelic frequency of 3.3% and 33.3% respectively. However, the high genetic diversity of the sodium channel gene supports the recent introduction of this mutation in Cameroon.ConclusionsThis study revealed the contrasting resistance profiles to insecticides ofAe. aegyptipopulations in Cameroon suggesting that, instead of a unique nationwide control approach, a regionally adapted strategy will be needed to control this vector. The localised distribution of the F1534Ckdrmutation supports this region-specific control strategy.
Engaging patients and family members to design and implement patient-centered kidney disease research
Authors: Browne Teri , Swoboda Amy , Ephraim Patti L. , Lang-Lindsey Katina , Green Jamie A. , Hill-Briggs Felicia , Jackson George L. , Ruff Suzanne , Schmidt Lana , Woods Peter , Danielson Patty , Bolden Shakur , Bankes Brian , Hauer Chelsie , Strigo Tara , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: November 2020

Plain English summary
We need more research projects that partner and engage with patients and family members as team members. Doing this requires that patients and family members set research priorities and fully participate in research teams. Models for this patient and family member engagement as research partners can help increase patient centered outcomes research. In this article, we describe how we have successfully engaged patients with kidney disease and family members as Co-Investigators on a 5-year research project testing a health system intervention to improve kidney disease care.

Abstract
Background
This article describes a method for successful engagement of patients and family members in all stages of a 5-year comparative effectiveness research trial to improve transitions of care for patients from chronic kidney disease to end-stage kidney disease.
Methods
This project utilized the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute’s conceptual model for engagement with patients and family members. We conducted a qualitative analysis of grant planning meetings to determine patient and family member Co-Investigators’ priorities for research and to include these engagement efforts in the research design. Patient and family member Co-Investigators partnered in writing this paper.
Results
Patients and family members were successfully engaged in remote and in-person meetings to contribute actively to research planning and implementation stages. Three patient-centered themes emerged from our data related to engagement that informed our research plan: kidney disease treatment decision-making, care transitions from chronic to end-stage kidney disease, and patient-centered outcomes.
Conclusions
The model we have employed represents a new paradigm for kidney disease research in the United States, with patients and family members engaged as full research partners. As a result, the study tests an intervention that directly responds to their needs, and it prioritizes the collection of outcomes data most relevant to patient and family member Co-Investigators.
Trial registration
NCT02722382.
The nexus between education and fertility in six European countries
Authors: Impicciatore Roberto , Tomatis Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the many linkages between education and family behaviour, the expansion of higher education especially among women in recent decades may have important consequences for fertility in Europe. This is a crucial factor in both the New Home Economics (NHE) theory and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) that predict a negative association between fertility and education. However, more recently, the Gender Revolution (GR) approach has emphasised the role of gender egalitarianism both in society and within households as a boost for fertility. By adopting a comparative perspective on six European countries, this paper reports our research on the effect of education on the fertility choices in light of the foregoing three different theoretical explanations. Using data from the second wave of Generation and Gender surveys (GGS) for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Poland, and the ISTAT survey “Famiglie e Soggetti Sociali” for Italy, we estimated the propensity to have the first and the second child birth on women born between 1940 and 1979 by means of multiprocess hazard models.For the first childbirth, the influence of education on fertility behaviours not only remains important but also tends to increase among younger cohorts. This result matches the NHE and SDT explanation, suggesting a similar evolution towards an erosion of the family. Conversely, for the second childbirth we found marked differences among countries suggesting an East-West polarisation giving support to the GR approach. However, peculiarities for the Italian case linked to a tempo effect emphasize the need to go beyond the West-East dichotomy.
Effect of cultural conditions on the growth and linamarase production by a local species of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from cassava effluent
Authors: Fadahunsi Ilesanmi Festus , Busari Nafisat Kemi , Fadahunsi Olumide Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the effect of cultural conditions on growth and production of linamarase by a local species ofLactobacillus fermentumisolated from cassava effluent. Isolation and identification of bacteria from cassava effluent were carried out using the culture-dependent method and polyphasic taxonomy, respectively, while screening for cyanide degradation, and the effects of cultural conditions on the growth and linamarase activity ofL. fermentumwere investigated based on standard procedures.ResultsA total of twenty-one bacterial isolates were obtained from cassava effluent, and isolate MA 9 had the highest growth of 2.8 × 1010 cfu/ml in minimum medium, confirmed as safe, identified asLactobacillus fermentumand selected for further study. The highest growth of 2.498 OD and linamarase activity of 2.49 U/ml were observed at inoculums volume of 0.10 ml at 48-h incubation period, while optimum growth of 1.926 OD and linamarase activity of 1.66 U/ml occurred at pH 5.5. At 37 °C, the optimum growth of 0.34 OD was recorded with the highest linamarase activity of 0.81 U/ml at 30 °C. However, the incubation period of 48 h stimulated an optimum growth of 3.091 OD with corresponding linamarase activity of 1.81 U/ml, while the substrate concentration of 400 ppm favours a maximum growth of 2.783 OD with linamarase activity of 1.86 U/ml at 48 h of incubation. The supplemented of 10 mM calcium ions stimulated optimum linamarase activity of 2.65 U/ml.ConclusionLactobacillus fermentumcould be used as starter culture in cassava fermentation for the production cassava-based product with reduced cyanide content.
Monogenic Diabetes in a Child with Cystic Fibrosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Scully Kevin J , Sawicki Gregory , Kremen Jessica , Putman Melissa S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with worsening pulmonary function, lower body mass index, increased infection frequency, and earlier mortality. While the incidence of CFRD is rising, its development in patients under the age of 10 years is uncommon.
We present a 9-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis (CF) who presented with a 5-year history of nonprogressive hyperglycemia, demonstrated by abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels consistently &gt;6.5%, and negative pancreatic autoantibodies. Subsequent genetic testing revealed a pathogenic heterozygous recessive mutation in the GCK gene at c.667G&gt;A (p.Gly223Ser), consistent with a diagnosis of GCK-MODY.
Significant dysglycemia in young children with CF should raise suspicion for alternative etiologies of diabetes and warrants further investigation. The clinical impact of underlying monogenic diabetes in patients with CF is unclear, and close follow-up is warranted. This case also offers unique insight on the impact of hyperglycemia in the absence of insulin deficiency on CF-specific outcomes.
Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Torigoe Takeru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Strategies for regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation of heteroaromatic compounds are summarized herein. This review article consists of four sections: (1) Introduction; (2) C-H trifluoromethylation of five-membered heteroaromatic compounds; (3) C-H trifluoromethylation of six-membered heteroaromatic compounds; and (4) Conclusion. Each section is categorized by the reaction sites.
Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain
Authors: Kuznetsova I. , Gillies M. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The estimation of the radiation risk of leukemia incidence and mortality for occupational exposure.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in the pooled cohort comprised 45,817 workers from the two enterprises; 23,443 radiation workers first employed in 1947–2002 from the Sellafield plant (Great Britain) and 22,774 workers from the Mayak PA (Russia) first employed at the main plants in 1948–1982. The period of follow-up was terminated at the end of 2008 for Mayak workers who were Ozyorsk city residents, and at the end of 2005 for Sellafield workers and Mayak workers who had migrated from Ozyorsk.
Results: Comparable radiation risk estimates of leukemia incidence and mortality were found among Mayak PA and Sellafield workers as for the whole dose range and separate dose intervals. Averaged by attained age estimate of excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma-dose was 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.3–6.3) under the assumption of the linear dose–effect model. The quadratic model with attained age modification showed the best quality of fit. Risk estimates were statistically significant in the dose range 0.15–1.5 Gy. There was no evidence of any relationship between leukemia risks and accumulated red bone marrow dose of internal alpha-exposure due to incorporated Pu-239.
Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of the pooled cohort data has demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of a research project looking at leukemia risks in a joint cohort of Mayak and Sellafield workers. The current study provides further evidence about the already well established link between external-gamma exposure and leukemia risk. However, it fails to provide any firm further evidence about the absence or presence of relationship between plutonium exposure and leukemia risk.
Managing diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morris David 
Published: November 2020

People with diabetes are known to be more severely affected by COVID-19 than the general population. David Morris provides an overview of how to manage the illness in this group The outbreak of a new viral infection in Wuhan, a city in Habei Province, China, became evident in December 2019. For most individuals who contract COVID-19 the disease is mild to moderate. Older people are disproportionately affected with serious disease, while children appear less likely to experience serious illness. A number of conditions are linked to increased severity of disease and poorer outcomes including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This article looks at why those with diabetes are at higher risk, and how to manage diabetes during the pandemic.
A case review to describe variation in care following diagnosis of Perthes' disease
Authors: Galloway Adam M. , Holton Colin , Parnami Varun , Wood Michelle , Craven Joanna , Green Nick , Siddle Heidi J. , Richards Suzanne , Comer Christine 
Published: November 2020

Aims Perthes’ disease is a condition which leads to necrosis of the femoral head. It is most commonly reported in children aged four to nine years, with recent statistics suggesting it affects around five per 100,000 children in the UK. Current treatment for the condition aims to maintain the best possible environment for the disease process to run its natural course. Management typically includes physiotherapy with or without surgical intervention. Physiotherapy intervention often will include strengthening/stretching programmes, exercise/activity advice, and, in some centres, will include intervention, such as hydrotherapy. There is significant variation in care with no consensus on which treatment option is best. The importance of work in this area has been demonstrated by the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery through the James Lind Alliance’s prioritization of work to determine/identify surgical versus non-surgical management of Perthes’ disease. It was identified as the fourth-highest priority for paediatric lower limb surgery research in 2018. Methods Five UK NHS centres, including those from the NEWS (North, East, West and South Yorkshire) orthopaedic group, contributed to this case review, with each entre providing clinical data from a minimum of five children. Information regarding both orthopaedic and physiotherapeutic management over a two-year post-diagnosis period was reviewed. Results Data were extracted from the clinical records of 32 children diagnosed with Perthes’ disease; seven boys and 25 girls. The mean age of the children at diagnosis was 6.16 years (standard deviation (SD) 3.001). In all, 26 children were referred for physiotherapy. In the two-year period following diagnosis, children were seen a median of 7.5 times (interquartile range (IQR) 4.25 to 11) by an orthopaedic surgeon, and a median of 9.5 times (IQR 8 to 18.25) by a physiotherapist. One centre had operated on all of their children, while another had operated on none. Overall, 17 (53%) of the children were managed conservatively in the two-year follow-up period, and 15 (47%) of the children underwent surgery in the two-year follow-up period. Conclusion The results of this case review demonstrate a variation of care provided to children in the UK with Perthes’ disease. Further national and international understanding of current care is required to underpin the rationale for different treatment options in children with Perthes’ disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-11:691–695.