bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability of supersonic cold streams feeding galaxies – IV. Survival of radiatively cooling streams
Authors: Mandelker Nir , Nagai Daisuke , Aung Han , Dekel Avishai , Birnboim Yuval , van den Bosch Frank C 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) on the cold streams that feed massive haloes at high redshift, generalizing our earlier results to include the effects of radiative cooling and heating from a UV background, using analytic models and high resolution idealized simulations. We currently do not consider self-shielding, thermal conduction, or gravity. A key parameter in determining the fate of the streams is the ratio of the cooling time in the turbulent mixing layer which forms between the stream and the background following the onset of the instability, $t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$, to the time in which the mixing layer expands to the width of the stream in the non-radiative case, tshear. This can be converted into a critical stream radius, Rs, crit, such that $R_{\rm s}/R_{\rm s,crit}=t_{\rm shear}/t_{\rm cool,\, mix}$. If Rs &lt; Rs, crit, the non-linear evolution proceeds similarly to the non-radiative case studied by Mandelker et al. If Rs &gt; Rs,crit, which we find to almost always be the case for astrophysical cold streams, the stream is not disrupted by KHI. Rather, background mass cools and condenses on to the stream, and can increase the mass of cold gas by a factor of ∼3 within 10 stream sound crossing times. The mass entrainment induces thermal energy losses from the background and kinetic energy losses from the stream, which we model analytically. Roughly half of the dissipated energy is radiated away from gas with $T \lt 5\times 10^4\, {\rm K}$, suggesting much of it will be emitted in Ly α.
Genetic interactions and transcriptomics implicate fission yeast CTD prolyl isomerase Pin1 as an agent of RNA 3′ processing and transcription termination that functions via its effects on CTD phosphatase Ssu72
Authors: Sanchez Ana M , Garg Angad , Shuman Stewart , Schwer Beate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe phosphorylation pattern of Pol2 CTD Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7 repeats comprises an informational code coordinating transcription and RNA processing. cis–trans isomerization of CTD prolines expands the scope of the code in ways that are not well understood. Here we address this issue via analysis of fission yeast peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. A pin1Δ allele that does not affect growth per se is lethal in the absence of cleavage-polyadenylation factor (CPF) subunits Ppn1 and Swd22 and elicits growth defects absent CPF subunits Ctf1 and Dis2 and termination factor Rhn1. Whereas CTD S2A, T4A, and S7A mutants thrive in combination with pin1Δ, a Y1F mutant does not, nor do CTD mutants in which half the Pro3 or Pro6 residues are replaced by alanine. Phosphate-acquisition genes pho1, pho84 and tgp1 are repressed by upstream lncRNAs and are sensitive to changes in lncRNA 3′ processing/termination. pin1Δ hyper-represses PHO gene expression and erases the de-repressive effect of CTD-S7A. Transcriptional profiling delineated sets of 56 and 22 protein-coding genes that are down-regulated and up-regulated in pin1Δ cells, respectively, 77% and 100% of which are downregulated/upregulated when the cis-proline-dependent Ssu72 CTD phosphatase is inactivated. Our results implicate Pin1 as a positive effector of 3′ processing/termination that acts via Ssu72.
Prediction of synonymous corrections by the BE-FF computational tool expands the targeting scope of base editing
Authors: Rabinowitz Roy , Abadi Shiran , Almog Shiri , Offen Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Base editing is a genome-editing approach that employs the CRISPR/Cas system to precisely install point mutations within the genome. A deaminase enzyme is fused to a deactivated Cas and enables transition conversions. The diversified repertoire of base editors provides a wide range of base editing possibilities. However, existing base editors cannot induce transversion substitutions and activate only within a specified region relative to the binding site, thus, they cannot precisely correct every point mutation. Here, we present BE-FF (Base Editors Functional Finder), a novel computational tool that identifies suitable base editors to correct the translated sequence erred by a point mutation. When a precise correction is impossible, BE-FF aims to mutate bystander nucleotides in order to induce synonymous corrections that will correct the coding sequence. To measure BE-FF practicality, we analysed a database of human pathogenic point mutations. Out of the transition mutations, 60.9% coding sequences could be corrected. Notably, 19.4% of the feasible corrections were not achieved by precise corrections but only by synonymous corrections. Moreover, 298 cases of transversion-derived pathogenic mutations were detected to be potentially repairable by base editing via synonymous corrections, although base editing is considered impractical for such mutations.
Evaluation of RAPNO criteria in medulloblastoma and other leptomeningeal seeding tumors using MRI and clinical data
Authors: Peng Jian , Zhou Hao , Tang Oliver , Chang Ken , Wang Panpan , Zeng Xiaowei , Shen Qin , Wu Jing , Xiao Yanhe , Patel Sohil H , Hu Chongyu , Jin Ke , Xiao Bo , Boxerman Jerrold , Gao Xiaoping , Wen Patrick Y , Bai Harrison X , Huang Raymond Y , Yang Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Although the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) working group has made recommendations for response assessment in patients with medulloblastoma (MBL) and leptomeningeal seeding tumors, these criteria have yet to be evaluated.

Methods
We examined MR imaging and clinical data in a multicenter retrospective cohort of 269 patients with MBL diagnoses, high grade glioma, embryonal tumor, germ cell tumor, or choroid plexus papilloma. Interobserver agreement, objective response (OR) rates, and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Landmark analyses were performed for OR and progression status at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 years after treatment initiation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the associations between OR and progression with overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses based on tumor subgroup and treatment modality were performed.

Results
The median follow-up time was 4.0 years. In all patients, the OR rate was .0.565 (95% CI: 0.505–0.625) by RAPNO. The interobserver agreement of OR determination between 2 raters (a neuroradiologist and a neuro-oncologist) for the RAPNO criteria in all patients was 83.8% (k statistic = 0.815; P &lt; 0.001). At 0.5-, 1.0-, and 1.5-year landmarks, both OR status and PFS determined by RAPNO were predictive of OS (hazard ratios [HRs] for 1-year landmark: OR HR = 0.079, P &lt; 0.001; PFS HR = 10.192, P &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analysis, OR status and PFS were predictive of OS for all tumor subtypes and treatment modalities.

Conclusion
RAPNO criteria showed excellent consistency in the treatment response evaluation of MBL and other leptomeningeal seeding tumors. OR and PFS determined by RAPNO criteria correlated with OS.
On theory and methods for advanced detonation-driven hypervelocity shock tunnels
Authors: Jiang Zonglin , Li Jinping , Hu Zongmin , Liu Yunfeng , Yu Hongru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study describes theory and methods for developing detonation-driven shock tunnels in hypervelocity test facilities. The primary concept and equations for high-enthalpy shock tunnels are presented first to demonstrate the unique advantage of shock tubes for aerodynamic ground-based testing. Then, the difficulties in simulating flight conditions in hypervelocity shock tunnels are identified, and discussed in detail to address critical issues underlying these difficulties. Theory and methods for developing detonation drivers are proposed, and relevant progress that has advanced the state of the art in large-scale hypersonic test facilities is presented with experimental verifications. Finally, tailored conditions for detonation-driven shock tunnels are described, laying a solid foundation to achieve long test duration. This interface-matching key issue encountered in developing shock tunnels has been investigated for decades, but not solved for detonation drivers in engineering applications.
Trigonometric parallax of O-rich Mira variable star OZ Gem (IRAS 07308+3037): A confirmation of the difference between the P–L relations of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way
Authors: Urago Riku , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Omodaka Toshihiro , Nagayama Takumi , Chibueze James O , Fujimoto Masayuki Y , Nagayama Takahiro , Nakagawa Akiharu , Ueno Yuji , Kawabata Miho , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Takagi Kengo , Yamanaka Masayuki , Kawabata Koji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
OZ Geminorum (OZ Gem) is a galactic Mira variable in the Milky Way (MW). We measured its annual parallax with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry to be π = 0.806 ± 0.039 mas, corresponding to a distance of D = 1.24 ± 0.06 kpc. Based on multi-epoch infrared observations with the Kagoshima University 1 m telescope, we also derived the mean J-, H-, and K′-band magnitudes of OZ Gem to be 5.75 ± 0.47 mag, 4.00 ± 0.16 mag, and 2.65 ± 0.16 mag, respectively. We derived a pulsation period of OZ Gem as 592 ± 1 d from the K′-band lightcurve. From the period–luminosity (P–L) relation and two-color diagram of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the property of OZ Gem suggests that OZ Gem is assigned among the carbon-rich Mira variables. However, our optical spectroscopic observational results (with the 1.5 m Kanata telescope) confirmed OZ Gem to be an oxygen-rich Mira star with the detection of multiple titanium oxide transition absorption lines. We suggest that OZ Gem is a low-mass star evolving to an OH/IR star with large mass loss and dust formation. It is predicted that the lower limit to the initial mass of AGB stars for developing the C-rich surface chemistry is larger in the MW than in the LMC because of larger metallicity, and OZ Gem is likely to be the first example to prove this. Our results highlight the necessity of deriving the PL relation of the Milky Way with high accuracy.
Zooplankton abundance trends and patterns in Shelikof Strait, western Gulf of Alaska, USA, 1990–2017
Authors: Kimmel David G , Duffy-Anderson Janet T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A multivariate approach was used to analyze spring zooplankton abundance in Shelikof Strait, western Gulf of Alaska. abundance of individual zooplankton taxa was related to environmental variables using generalized additive models. The most important variables that correlated with zooplankton abundance were water temperature, salinity and ordinal day (day of year when sample was collected). A long-term increase in abundance was found for the calanoid copepod Calanus pacificus, copepodite stage 5 (C5). A dynamic factor analysis (DFA) indicated one underlying trend in the multivariate environmental data that related to phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. DFA of zooplankton time series also indicated one underlying trend where the positive phase was characterized by increases in the abundance of C. marshallae C5, C. pacificus C5, Eucalanus bungii C4, Pseudocalanus spp. C5 and Limacina helicina and declines in the abundance of Neocalanus cristatus C4 and Neocalanus spp. C4. The environmental and zooplankton DFA trends were not correlated over the length of the entire time period; however, the two time series were correlated post-2004. The strong relationship between environmental conditions, zooplankton abundance and time of sampling suggests that continued warming in the region may lead to changes in zooplankton community composition and timing of life history events during spring.
The impact of smoking on prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Gazel Ummugulsum , Ayan Gizem , Solmaz Dilek , Akar Servet , Aydin Sibel Z 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In this systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Method
We performed a systematic literature review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register databases. The literature included publications from January 1980 to July 2019. The studies that provided clear information on the number of patients with ever smoking data were included in the meta-analysis.

Results
The systematic literature review identified 52 and 24 articles for the prevalence of smoking in psoriasis and PsA, respectively. Of these, 16 articles on psoriasis and three and four (general population and psoriasis, respectively) articles on PsA met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of ever smoking was increased in psoriasis compared with the general population (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.3). For PsA the prevalence of ever smoking was reduced in psoriasis patients (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.81), but not changed compared with the general population (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.32).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed that ever smoking increases the risk of psoriasis in the general population, but may reduce the risk of PsA in psoriasis patients. The latter may be also due to the collider effect. Whether smoking cessation neutralizes the risk of developing psoriasis requires a well-defined smoking data collection for the past history and this is currently unavailable in the literature.
Socio-demographic and Household-Level Risk Factors for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Pre-school Children in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Imam Abdulazeez , Hassan-Hanga Fatimah , Sallahdeen Azeezat , Farouk Zubaida L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is disproportionately distributed mainly in developing countries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of SAM in the North-Western region of the country is significantly higher than the national average. In this study, we identified risk factors for SAM in North-Western Nigeria. Identifying such risk factors would be helpful in developing local preventive strategies and providing insights for broader SAM control programs in other high-burden country settings.MethodsWe performed post hoc data analysis, comparing baseline socio-demographic and household-level risk factors in a cohort of 1011 children aged between 6 and 59 months who either had SAM or were well-nourished children. We defined nutritional status using the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standards and investigated the association between SAM and our identified risk factors using multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsChildren aged between 12 and 23 months [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–4.38], household who reared domestic animals (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.40–2.69) and those from polygamous households (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33–2.74) had significantly increased odds of developing SAM. Parental education and being on the household diet reduced the odds of having SAM.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the need to develop optimal complementary feeding nutrition programs and promote adult and general education in our community. Cultural and feeding practices in local polygamous households also need further investigation to understand the association between polygamy with SAM.
Comparison of Thresholds Obtained With the Radioear B-71 and B-81 Bone-Conduction Transducers
Authors: Rao Aparna , Altus Bryce , Schroeder Roselynn , Margolis Robert H. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
A new bone conduction transducer, the Radioear B-81, has been designed to be an improvement over the commonly used transducer, the Radioear B-71. Reference Equivalent Threshold Force Levels (RETFLs) were obtained with the new Radioear B-81.

Design:
Thresholds were obtained in accordance with ANSI-S3.6-2018 (Annex D) and participants were selected as prescribed in ISO 389.9-2009. Thresholds were obtained with automatic audiometry using circumaural earphones (Radioear DD450) and forehead placement of the bone vibrators.

Results:
Mean bone conduction thresholds obtained using the B-81 and B-71 bone oscillators for frequencies from 250 to 4000 Hz were not statistically different. RETFLs for the B-81 are identical to the values in ANSI S3.6-2018 for the B-71 bone vibrator. Air-bone gaps were observed for both transducers at low frequencies (250 and 500 Hz) due to occlusion effects produced by the circumaural earphone and at high frequencies (3000 and 4000 Hz), previously reported in several studies that used standard RETFLs. Test-retest differences for air conduction thresholds were analyzed and the results are presented in the Appendix A (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/EANDH/A639).

Conclusions:
RETFLs in ANSI S3.6-2018 and ISO 389.3-2016 are appropriate for use with the B-81 bone vibrator.
Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis prevention
Authors: Greenblatt H. Karl , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Bettner Leah F. , Deane Kevin D. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of reviewThis review is to provide an update on the current understanding of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development related to disease development prior to the onset clinically apparent synovitis (i.e. Pre-RA), and opportunities for disease prevention.Recent findingsA growing number of studies have demonstrated that serum elevations of autoantibodies rheumatoid factor, antibodies to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens (ACPAs) and antibodies to other posttranslationally modified proteins (e.g. carbamylated proteins) are highly predictive of future development of inflammatory arthritis/RA during a period that can be termed Pre-RA. Other factors including genetic, environmental, symptoms and imaging findings can also enhance prediction. Moreover, several novel biomarkers and changes in autoantibodies (e.g. glycosylation of variable domains) have been identified in Pre-RA. There has also been growing evidence that initiation and propagation of RA-related autoimmunity during the Pre-RA phase may be related to mucosal processes. The discovery of Pre-RA has also underpinned the development of several clinical prevention trials in RA; specifically, the PRAIRI study demonstrated that a single dose of rituximab can delay the onset of clinically apparent IA in at-risk individuals. Additional studies are evaluating the ability of drugs including abatacept, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate to prevent or delay future RA.SummaryThe results from ongoing natural history and prevention trials in RA should further inform several critical issues in RA prevention including identification and enrolment of individuals at high-risk of imminent RA, the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of prevention, and potentially the identification of new targets for prevention.
Counseling Guidelines for Anticipated Postsurgical Improvements in Pain, Function, Mental Health, and Self-image for Different Types of Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Line Breton , Bess Shay , Lafage Virginie , Ames Christopher , Burton Douglas , Kim Han Jo , Gupta Munish , Hart Robert , Klineberg Eric , Kelly Michael , Kebaish Khaled , Hostin Richard , Mundis Gregory , Schwab Frank , Shaffrey Christopher , Smith Justin S. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective adult spinal deformity (ASD) database.

Objective.
Quantify postoperative improvements in pain, function, mental health, and self-image for different ASD types.

Summary of Background Data.
Medical providers are commonly requested to counsel patients on anticipated improvements in specific health domains including pain, function, and self-image following surgery. ASD is a heterogeneous condition; therefore, health domain improvements may vary according to deformity type. Few studies have quantified outcomes for specific ASD types.

Methods.
Surgically treated ASD patients (≥4 levels fused) prospectively enrolled into a multicenter database, minimum 2-year follow-up, were categorized into ASD types according to Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab ASD classification (THORACIC, LUMBAR, DOUBLE, SAGITTAL, MIXED). Demographic, radiographic, operative, and patient reported outcome measures (NRS back and leg pain, SRS-22r, SF-36) data were evaluated. Preoperative and last postoperative values for pain, physical and social function, mental health, and self-image were evaluated, improvements in each domain were quantified, and domain scores compared to generational normative values. Postoperative improvements were also calculated for three age cohorts (<45 yr, 45–65 yr, and >65 yr) within each deformity type.

Results.
359 of 564 patients eligible for study (mean age 57.9 yr, mean scoliosis 43.4°, mean SVA 63.3 mm, mean 11.7 levels fused) had ≥2 yr follow-up. Domain improvements for the entire ASD population were 45.1% for back pain, 41.3% for leg pain, 27.1% for physical function, 35.9% for social function, 62.0% for self-image, and 22.6% for mental health (P < 0.05). LUMBAR, SAGITTAL, and MIXED had greatest improvements in pain and function, while THORACIC and DOUBLE had greatest improvements in self-image. Self-image was the most impacted preoperative domain and demonstrated the greatest postoperative improvement for all ASD types.

Conclusion.
ASD patients demonstrated quantifiable postoperative improvements in pain, self-image, physical and social function, and mental health; however, improvements differed between ASD types. Further research is needed to understand specific patient expectations for ASD treatment.

Level of Evidence: 3
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis
Authors: Kuzu Duygu , Berk Hanife Özlem Sertel , Şimşek Ömer Faruk 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
It is cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Body Image Disturbances Questionnaire.

Objective.
The purpose of the study was to adopt the English version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) into Turkish language.

Summary of Background Data.
BIDQ-S is originally adopted from BIDQ scale which is designed to be used for healthy subjects in order to assess concerns and distress about physical appearance, and impairment on daily functioning. However, there is no culturally adopted and validated BIDQ-S for the Turkish population.

Method.
Translation and back translation method was used to guide the translation process of the BIDQ-S from English to Turkish. In order to determine and confirm the factor structure of the Turkish BIDQ-S exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Convergent validity of the Turkish BIDQ-S- was determined by calculating the correlations of BIDQ-S, and the factors emerged, with the indicators of subjective well-being which consists of three components: positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and satisfaction with life (SWL) and of health related quality of life measured by Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-22).

Results.
The data from the present study demonstrated that different from the original, German and Chinese versions two factor solutions were found. The Turkish BIDQ-S also showed satisfactory internal consistency value with Cronbach α equals to 0.88 construct validity.

Conclusion.
In conclusion, current study shows that Turkish BIDQ-S is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the body image concerns in patients with scoliosis in Turkish population.

Level of Evidence: 4