bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver Religious Coping and Posttraumatic Responses in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Chardon Marie L , Brammer Caitlin , Madan-Swain Avi , Kazak Anne E , Pai Ahna L H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveCaregivers often experience their child’s hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) treatment as traumatic. Although many caregivers develop posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in response to supporting their child through HCT, other caregivers demonstrate posttraumatic growth (PTG). Religious coping may contribute to these different adjustment trajectories; however, more information is needed to clarify the unique associations of positive versus negative religious coping on caregiver PTSS and PTG in the context of pediatric HCT. This study aimed to examine the relationships between negative and positive religious coping on caregivers PTSS and PTG while controlling for caregiver sex, self-efficacy, and social support.MethodsCaregivers (N = 140) of youth admitted to the hospital for their first HCT were asked to complete self-report measures of their use of positive and negative religious coping, PTSS, PTG, social support, and self-efficacy. Two hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test hypotheses.ResultsGreater positive religious coping, but not negative religious coping, was associated with caregivers reporting more PTG in response to pediatric HCT. More negative religious coping, but not positive religious coping, was associated with caregivers experiencing greater PTSS.ConclusionsEngaging in positive religious coping appears to promote better caregiver adjustment to pediatric HCT, whereas negative religious coping may increase caregiver risk for developing PTSS. Screening caregivers’ religious beliefs, including the type of religious coping they employ, could inform providers regarding the best approach to supporting caregivers towards a growth trajectory and mitigate PTSS.
Introduction—Historical Fiction and the 1960s: Mediating the Past and Reimagining the Future
Authors: Sheffer Jolie A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue on contemporary ethnic historical fiction considers recent trends in the field, as well as the critical history of this popular genre. Over the last two decades, historical fiction, particularly by writers of color, has gone mainstream, gaining large audiences as well as critical admiration. These works challenge the conservatism of the genre, both formally and thematically. Combining historical research with speculative elements, these works tell new stories about US history, centering on the lives of those too often sidelined or ignored in mainstream version of American history and in literary fiction. These various formal and thematic features suggest a distinctive generational moment, shaped by the nation's changing demographics and shifting political conditions. Contemporary ethnic American historical novelists focus simultaneously on the past and the present, bringing current preoccupations—such as the omnipresence of white supremacy, the unresolved trauma of war, and the demonization of refugees and immigrants—to light through their detailed re-creation and reimagining of historical events. In this way, contemporary ethnic American historical fiction operates as a means of representing, and attempting to work through, national traumas.
Planet formation in intermediate-separation binary systems
Authors: Panić O , Haworth T J , Petr-Gotzens M G , Miley J , van den Ancker M , Vioque M , Siess L , Parker R , Clarke C J , Kamp I , Kennedy G , Oudmaijer R D , Pascucci I , Richards A M S , Ratzka T , Qi C 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the first characterization of the individual discs in the intermediate-separation binary systems KK Oph and HD 144668 at millimetre wavelengths. In both systems, the circumprimary and the circumsecondary discs are detected in the millimetre continuum emission, but not in 13CO nor C18O lines. Even though the disc structure is only marginally resolved, we find indications of large-scale asymmetries in the outer regions of the primary discs, most likely due to perturbation by the companion. The derived dust masses are firmly above debris disc level for all stars. The primaries have about three times more dust in their discs than the secondaries. In the case of HD 144668, the opacity spectral index of the primary and secondary differ by a large margin of 0.69, which may be a consequence of the secondary disc being more compact. Upper limits on the gas masses imply less than 0.1 Mjup in any of these discs, meaning that giant planets can no longer form in them. Considering that there have been no massive gas discs identified to date in intermediate-separation binaries (i.e. binaries at a few hundred au separation), this opens space for speculation whether their binarity causes the removal of gas, with tidal interaction truncating the discs and hence shortening the accretion time-scale. More systematic studies in this respect are sorely needed.
The physical and the geometrical properties of simulated cold H i structures
Authors: Gazol Adriana , Villagran Marco A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to help shedding some light on the nature and the properties of the cold structures formed via thermal instability in the magnetized atomic interstellar medium. To this end, we searched for clumps formed in forced (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations with an initial magnetic field ranging from 0 to 8.3 μG. We statistically analysed, through the use of Kernel density estimations, the physical and the morphological properties of a sample containing ∼1500 clumps, as well as the relative alignments between the main direction of clumps and the internal velocity and magnetic field. The density (n ∼ 50–200 cm−3), the thermal pressure (Pth/k ∼ 4.9 × 103–104 K cm−3), the mean magnetic field (∼3–11 μG), and the sonic Mach number of the selected clumps have values comparable to those reported in observations. We find, however, that the cloud sample cannot be described by a single regime concerning their pressure balance and their Alfvénic Mach number. We measured the morphological properties of clumps mainly through the asphericity and the prolatness, which appear to be more sensitive than the aspect ratios. From this analysis, we find that the presence of magnetic field, even if it is weak, does qualitatively affect the morphology of the clumps by increasing the probability of having highly aspherical and highly plolate clumps by a factor of two, that is by producing more filamentary clumps. Finally, we find that the angle between the main direction of the clumps and the local magnetic field lies between ∼π/4 and π/2 and shifts to more perpendicular alignments as the intensity of this field increases, while the relative direction between the local density structure and the local magnetic field transits from parallel to perpendicular.
AU-scale radio imaging of the wind collision region in the brightest and most luminous non-thermal colliding wind binary Apep
Authors: Marcote B , Callingham J R , De Becker M , Edwards P G , Han Y , Schulz R , Stevens J , Tuthill P G 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe recently discovered colliding-wind binary (CWB) Apep has been shown to emit luminously from radio to X-rays, with the emission driven by a binary composed of two Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars of one carbon-sequence (WC8) and one nitrogen-sequence (WN4–6b). Mid-infrared imaging revealed a giant spiral dust plume that is reminiscent of a pinwheel nebula but with additional features that suggest Apep is a unique system. We have conducted observations with the Australian Long Baseline Array to resolve Apep’s radio emission on milliarcsecond scales, allowing us to relate the geometry of the wind-collision region to that of the spiral plume. The observed radio emission shows a bow-shaped structure, confirming its origin as a wind-collision region. The shape and orientation of this region is consistent with being originated by the two stars and with being likely dominated by the stronger wind of the WN4–6b star. This shape allowed us to provide a rough estimation of the opening angle of ∼150○ assuming ideal conditions. The orientation and opening angle of the emission also confirms it as the basis for the spiral dust plume. We also provide estimations for the two stars in the system to milliarcsecond precision. The observed radio emission, one order of magnitude brighter and more luminous than any other known non-thermal radio-emitting CWB, confirms it is produced by an extremely powerful wind collision. Such a powerful wind-collision region is consistent with Apep being a binary composed of two WR stars, so far the first unambiguously confirmed system of its kind.
Defending subjective inflation: an inference to the best explanation
Authors: Knotts J D , Michel Matthias , Odegaard Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In a recent opinion piece, Abid (2019) criticizes the hypothesis that subjective inflation may partly account for apparent phenomenological richness across the visual field and outside the focus of attention. In response, we address three main issues. First, we maintain that inflation should be interpreted as an intraperceptual—and not post-perceptual—phenomenon. Second, we describe how inflation may differ from filling-in. Finally, we contend that, in general, there is sufficient evidence to tip the scales toward intraperceptual interpretations of visibility and confidence judgments.
Large-scale magnetic field structure of NGC 3627 based on a magnetic vector map
Authors: Kurahara Kohei , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Kudoh Yuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We analyzed the data of Stokes I, Q, and U in the C and X bands and investigated the large-scale magnetic field structure of NGC 3627. The polarization intensity and angle in each band were derived using Stokes Q and U maps. The rotation measure was calculated using polarization angle maps. Moreover, the magnetic field strength was calculated by assuming energy equipartition with cosmic ray electrons. The structure of the magnetic field was well aligned with the spiral arms, which were consistent with those in the former studies. We applied the magnetic vector reconstruction method to NGC 3627 to derive a magnetic vector map, which showed that the northern and southern disks were dominant with inward and outward magnetic vectors, respectively. Furthermore, we considered the large-scale structure of the magnetic field in NGC 3627 and observed that the structure is bi-symmetric spiral in nature, and that the number of magnetic field modes is mB = 1 in the outer region of galaxy. In addition, NGC 3627 has a mode of two spiral arms that were clearly visible in an optical image. The ratio of the mode of the spiral arms to that of the magnetic field is 2 : 1. In terms of NGC 3627, the large-scale magnetic field may be generated via the parametric resonance induced by the gravitational potential of the spiral arms.
Commercial weight management programmes for patients living with overweight or obesity prior to elective orthopaedic surgery: an evidence review
Authors: Clark E M , Garner J , Wood S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Increased body mass index is associated with increased operative risk during elective joint replacement surgery. Commercial weight management programmes are designed to achieve weight loss. It is not known whether commercial weight management programmes are effective at achieving weight loss in patients awaiting planned hip or knee replacement surgery, or whether achieving significant planned weight loss prior to surgery is associated with changes in surgical outcome.

Methods
A systematic literature search of seven databases was conducted. Reference lists and grey literature were searched, including commercial weight management programme and medical association websites. Four relevant primary interventional studies were identified.

Results
There is weak, low-quality evidence from four small studies, of which three demonstrated that commercial weight management programmes initiated between 3 and 6 months prior to elective joint replacement surgery are associated with a statistically significant weight loss and body mass index reduction. There is a weak evidence from two studies that peri- and post-operative complications are similar between control and commercial weight management programme groups.

Conclusion
There is a paucity of studies investigating commercial weight management programmes aiming to reduce weight in patients living with overweight or obesity awaiting total joint replacement. Further, high-quality research is urgently needed.
Technology addiction among school-going adolescents in India: epidemiological analysis from a cluster survey for strengthening adolescent health programs at district level
Authors: Amudhan Senthil , Prakasha Huruli , Mahapatra Payel , Burma Ajit Deo , Mishra Vinayak , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Rao Girish N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on technology addiction among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries where 90% of global adolescents live. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of technology addiction (Internet, gaming, smartphone, television) among school-going adolescents in India.MethodsA cross-sectional survey covering the entire district (administrative unit for health) of India was conducted among representative sample of school-going adolescents using stratified cluster sampling. A total of 1729 adolescents completed the survey (age M = 12.58; SD = 0.97) by responding to Internet Addiction Test-Adolescents, Game Addiction Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale and Television Addiction Scale. Associated factors were analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsAlmost all the participants (99.59%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 99.28–99.91%) were using technology in one or other form. Prevalence of technology addiction among the users was 10.69% (95% CI: 5.26–16.11%). Phone addiction (8.91%; 95% CI: 3.31–14.52%) was the most common type followed by gaming addiction (2.55%; 95% CI: 1.16–3.95%). Technology addiction among adolescents was significantly associated with several risk factors at individual, family and school levels.ConclusionTechnology addiction emerges as an important public health problem among adolescents in India. An integrated socio-ecological framework with multi-level approach that targets risk factors at various levels is required to promote healthy behaviors towards technology.
Central Hub M&A Advisors
Authors: Yawson Alfred , Zhang Huizhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examine how an M&A advisor’s position in the network of investment banks affects its ability to create value for acquirers in takeover transactions. We show that acquirers enlisting the services of more centrally positioned M&A advisors enjoy higher announcement abnormal returns and pay lower takeover premiums. Consistent with the idea that central network positions convey an information advantage, we find that the effects are stronger for acquirers facing greater target information asymmetry and for M&A advisors depending more on networks for target-specific information. The information advantage primarily comes from network contacts that had previously assisted the targets in equity issuance. Centrally positioned advisors charge premium fees; network banks appear to enjoy a significant advantage in the competition for future co-advisory appointments.
Single enzyme RT-PCR of full-length ribosomal RNA
Authors: Hammerling Michael J , Yoesep Danielle J , Jewett Michael C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ribosome is a two-subunit, macromolecular machine composed of RNA and proteins that carries out the polymerization of α-amino acids into polypeptides. Efforts to engineer ribosomal RNA (rRNA) deepen our understanding of molecular translation and provide opportunities to expand the chemistry of life by creating ribosomes with altered properties. Toward these efforts, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of the entire 16S and 23S rRNAs, which make up the 30S small subunit and 50S large subunit, respectively, is important for isolating desired phenotypes. However, reverse transcription of rRNA is challenging due to extensive secondary structure and post-transcriptional modifications. One key challenge is that existing commercial kits for RT-PCR rely on reverse transcriptases that lack the extreme thermostability and processivity found in many commercial DNA polymerases, which can result in subpar performance on challenging templates. Here, we develop methods employing a synthetic thermostable reverse transcriptase (RTX) to enable and optimize RT-PCR of the complete Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNAs. We also characterize the error rate of RTX when traversing the various post-transcriptional modifications of the 23S rRNA. We anticipate that this work will facilitate efforts to study and characterize many naturally occurring long RNAs and to engineer the translation apparatus for synthetic biology.
Management of Nonhealable and Maintenance Wounds: A Systematic Integrative Review and Referral Pathway
Authors: Boersema Geertien C. , Smart Hiske , Giaquinto-Cilliers Maria G. C. , Mulder Magda , Weir Gregory R. , Bruwer Febe A. , Idensohn Patricia J. , Sander Johanna E. , Stavast Anita , Swart Mariette , Thiart Susan , Van der Merwe Zhavandre 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE
To synthesize the evidence regarding nonhealable and maintenance wound management and propose an interprofessional referral pathway for wound management.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After participating in this continuing professional development activity, the participant will apply knowledge gained to:
1. Identify the ideas from the authors’ systematic review that could prove useful in understanding nonhealable and maintenance wound management.
2. Select evidence-based management strategies for nonhealable and maintenance wound management.

OBJECTIVE
This systematic integrative review aims to identify, appraise, analyze, and synthesize evidence regarding nonhealable and maintenance wound management to guide clinical practice. An interprofessional referral pathway for wound management is proposed.

DATA SOURCES
An electronic search of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, Africa-Wide Information, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature database with Full Text, Health Source: Consumer
Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and MEDLINE was conducted for publications from 2011 to 2019. Search terms included (nonhealable/nonhealing, chronic, stalled, recurring, delayed healing, hard-to-heal) and wound types most associated with nonhealable or maintenance wounds. Published studies were hand searched by the authors.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were appraised using two quality appraisal tools. Thirteen reviews, six best-practice guidelines, three consensus studies, and six original nonexperimental studies were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted using a coding framework including treatment of underlying causes, patient-centered concerns, local wound care, alternative outcomes, health dialogue needs, challenges within resource restricted contexts, and prevention.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Data were clustered by five wound types and local wound bed factors; further, commonalities were identified and reported as themes and subthemes.

CONCLUSIONS
Strong evidence on the clinical management of nonhealable wounds is limited. Few studies describe outcomes specific to maintenance care. Patient-centered care, timely intervention by skilled healthcare providers, and involvement of the interprofessional team emerged as the central themes of effective management of maintenance and nonhealable wounds.
Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor in Skin and the Implications for COVID-19
Authors: Al-Benna Sammy 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a critical step for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter target cells. This enzyme is expressed in many human tissues including the lungs, but no research has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect human skin or subcutaneous fat tissue, despite the increasing number of reported skin manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate ACE2 gene expression in skin using a public database.

METHODS
A search of transcriptomic data sets from a public gene expression database to investigate ACE2 gene expression in human tissues.

RESULTS
Human skin keratinocytes and basal cells express more ACE2 than lung epithelial cells. In contrast, both fibroblasts and melanocytes from human skin express less ACE2 than human lung epithelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS
The high expression of ACE2 in keratinocytes and basal cells of human skin indicates that they may be directly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection via the ACE2 receptor, especially in conditions of skin barrier dysfunction, and are therefore a potential target for the coronavirus.
Retrospective Clinical Evaluation of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Infection Prevention Following Malignant Pelvic Bone Tumor Resection Reconstruction
Authors: Cai Tao , Zhang Lei , Zhu Kunpeng , Hu Jianping , Zhan Taichen , Liu Liwei , Li Cheng , Zhang Chunlin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for infection prevention following pelvic reconstruction after malignant bone tumor resection.

METHODS
The study involved 82 patients who underwent pelvic reconstruction following en-bloc resection of malignant bone tumors between January 2003 and January 2016. Forty patients were treated with NPWT via implantation of vacuum-sealing drainage (VSD) materials into the pelvic cavity to prevent infection and wound problems (VSD group), and the remaining 42 patients underwent conventional treatment (control group). Study authors compared the inpatient length of stay, antibiotic use, drainage volume, time to wound closure, and infection rates between groups. Investigators also conducted cell cultures of the wound cavity washing fluid and hematoxylin-eosin staining for VSD materials to find recurrent tumor cells.

RESULTS
In the VSD group, one patient (2.5%) had a superficial wound problem. In the control group, 18 patients (42.9%) had deep infection or wound problems. The VSD group had a significantly decreased infection rate, duration of antibiotic administration and inpatient stay, as well as increased wound healing compared with the control group (P < .05). Further, no tumor cells were observed in the VSD material or the wound cavity washing fluid.

CONCLUSIONS
The application of NPWT with VSD material may be an effective and reliable method for preventing infection in patients who undergo pelvic reconstruction following malignant tumor resection.