bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of formalin preservation on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of seaweeds: A foundation for looking back in time
Authors: Willert Madison S. , France Christine A. M. , Brooks Barrett L. , Baldwin Carole C. , Hay Mark E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStable isotope analysis of preserved natural‐history specimens from long‐term storage can provide useful data about energy flow and trophic structure in ecosystems of the past. Nitrogen isotope values from primary producers are used as critical food web baselines, while both nitrogen and carbon isotopes expose the presence of sewage contamination and nutrient runoff. Seaweed specimens being prepared for long‐term storage are often fixed in formalin prior to being dried or transferred into a storage liquid, but the effects of this fixative on nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values of marine primary producers have not been investigated. We evaluated the effects of formalin on macroalgal and cyanobacterial stable isotope values. For this purpose, we analyzed δ15N and δ13C values of 41 pairs of formalin‐preserved vs. dried seaweed specimens stored for up to 5 yr. While neither isotope was consistently altered by formalin when all seaweeds were pooled, δ15N values were overall less variable than δ13C values. However, formalin preservation lowered δ13C values in Ochrophyta by 0.2% on average. Neither isotope was affected by duration of formalin preservation. Because formalin‐exposed samples show similar δ15N and δ13C values to dried samples, formalin‐exposed specimens can be used to accurately assess nutrient dynamics and food webs of historic marine ecosystems provided that one has sufficient sample sizes of seaweeds.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Organoiron Dendrimers as Antimicrobial and Anti‐Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Abdelghani Amani A. , El‐Ghezlani Ebtehal G. , Abou El‐ezz Doaa , Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel and attractive class of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial organoiron dendrimers attached to the well‐known drug ibuprofen is achieved. The structures of these dendrimers are established by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The antimicrobial activity of these dendrimers is investigated and tested against five human pathogenic Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and minimum inhibitory concentrations are reported. Some of these synthesized dendrimers exhibit higher inhibitory activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus warneri compare to the reference drugs. As well, the in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory activities of these dendrimers are evaluated. The results of in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity and histopathology of inflamed paws show that all dendrimers display considerable anti‐inflammatory activity; however, second‐generation dendrimer (G2‐D6) shows the best anti‐inflammatory activity, which is more potent than the commercial drug ibuprofen at the same tested dose. Results of the toxicity study reveal that G2‐D6 is the safest drug on biological tissues.
Bound state solutions of Choquard equations with a nonlocal operator
Authors: Guo Lun , Li Qi 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study the following Choquard equation with Kirchhoff operator

where a ≥ 0, b > 0, α ∈ (0, N),
is the critical exponent respect to Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality, and
is a given nonnegative function. By using the classical linking theorem and global compactness theorem, we prove that equation (0.1) has at least one bound state solution if
is small. More intriguingly, our result covers a novel feature of Kirchhoff problems, which is the fact that the parameter a can be zero.
Compact 5G millimeter‐wave dual‐band filter with application in filtenna
Authors: Nouri Mahdi , Jafarieh Alireza , Behroozi Hamid , Mallat Nazih Khaddaj , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal , Aghdam Sajjad Abazari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, a dual‐band sixth order double symmetric T‐slot filter is proposed for the 5G communication systems. This filter contains two duplicate square resonators and a T‐shape feedline on the Rogers RT duroid 5880 substrate. Operating at the 28 and 38.5 GHz frequencies from licensed 5G frequency bands and small size make this filter appropriate for different 5G applications. Furthermore, an LC equivalent circuit for the filter has been considered that helps us to have a better sight of this filter. Measurement results show good agreement with simulations. The attenuation on the passband is less than 1 dB. In order to evaluate the filter performance besides other millimeter waves components, a wideband antenna is combined with the filter to form a filtenna. The achieved results show the appropriate performance and well‐matched with other 5G devices.
Technical note: Interpolated Pareto surface similarity metrics for multi‐criteria optimization in radiation therapy
Authors: Jensen P. James , Zhang Jiahan , Wu Q. Jackie 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThere is a strong clinical need to evaluate different multi‐criteria optimization (MCO) algorithms, including inverse optimization sampling algorithms and machine learning‐based predictions. This study aims to develop and compare several interpolated Pareto surface similarity metrics.Materials and methodsThe first metric is the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) evaluated between vertices on the interpolated surfaces, augmented by intra‐simplex sampling of the barycentric coordinates of the surfaces’ simplicial complexes. The second metric is the average projected distance (APD), which evaluates the displacements between the vertices and computes their projections along the mean displacement. The third metric is the average nearest‐point distance (ANPD), which numerically integrates point‐to‐simplex distances over the sampled simplices of the interpolated surfaces. These metrics were compared by their convergence rates, the times required to achieve convergence, and their representation of the underlying surface interpolations. For analysis, several interpolated Pareto surface pairs were constructed abstractly, with one pair from a nasopharyngeal treatment planning case using MCO.ResultsConvergence within 1% is typically achieved at approximately 50 and 80 samples per barycentric dimension for the RMSE and the ANPD, respectively. Calculation requires approximately 1 and 10 ms to achieve convergence for the RMSE and the ANPD in two dimensions, respectively, while the APD always requires < 1 ms. These time costs are much higher in higher dimensions for just the RMSE and ANPD. The APD values more closely approximated the ANPD limits than the RMSE limits.ConclusionThe ANPD’s formulation and generality make it likely more meaningful than the RMSE and APD for representing the similarity between the underlying interpolated surfaces rather than the sampling points on the surfaces. However, in situations requiring high‐speed evaluations, the APD may be more desirable due to its speed, independence from a subjectively chosen sampling rate, and similarity to the ANPD limits.
Sample size estimation: Current practice and considerations for original investigations in MRI technical development studies
Authors: Hanspach Jannis , Nagel Armin M. , Hensel Bernhard , Uder Michael , Koros Leon , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo investigate and to provide guidance for sample size selection based on the current practice in MR technical development studies in which healthy volunteers are examined.MethodsAll original articles published in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine between 2017 and 2019 were investigated and categorized according to technique, anatomical region, and magnetic field strength. The number of examined healthy volunteers (ie, the sample size) was collected and evaluated, whereas the number of patients was not considered. Papers solely measuring patients, animals, phantoms, specimens, or studies using existing data, for example, from an open databank, or consisting only of theoretical work or simulations were excluded.ResultsThe median sample size of the 882 included studies was 6. There were some peaks in the sample size distribution (eg, 1, 5, and 10). In 49.9%, 82.1%, and 95.6% of the studies, the sample size was smaller or equal to 5, 10, and 20, respectively.ConclusionWe observed a large variance in sample sizes reflecting the variety of studies published in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is current practice to balance the need for statistical power with the demand to minimize experiments involving healthy humans, often by choosing small sample sizes between 1 and 10. Naturally, this observation does not release an investigator from ensuring that sufficient data are acquired to reach statistical conclusions.
Color generation through plasmonic coupled dissimilar nano‐metals using mask free deposition
Authors: Cheng Ka Y. , Ching Suet Y. , Cheah Kok W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dissimilar nano‐metals were deposited mask free and their plasmonic coupling studied. Coupling between dissimilar nano‐metals can generate a larger red shift in plasmonic resonance when compare to (say) nano‐Ag/Ag coupling of various size. Tunable reflectant color was achieved through plasmonic coupling between nano‐Ag and another nano‐metal. The tunable range is from blue to red; covering the entire optical range. The tunability can be achieved through varying the nano‐metal size and/or through the plasmonic coupling between two dissimilar nano‐metals. The nano‐metals are randomly distributed and packed densely. Hence, the plasmonic coupling effect observed is a collective effect. The distribution of the nano‐particle size, and inter‐particle gap distance were determined. The experimental results show that coupling of nano‐Ag with lighter atom metal such as Mg generates smaller red shift, whereas larger atom metal such as Cr would give larger red shift. The result demonstrates that it is possible to produce reflected color across the optical range using single layer of nano‐metals.
New insight into multilevel local refinement in adaptive isogeometric analysis
Authors: Atri Hamidreza , Shojaee Saeed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the most appealing techniques in local refinement for isogeometric analysis (IGA) is hierarchical B‐splines which can be improved by resorting to truncation mechanism called truncated hierarchical B‐splines. Although it has a simple concept, it involves implementing the hierarchical definition of shape functions to existing codes. In this contribution, we present a simple method defined by knot vectors of different levels of hierarchical meshes resulted from knot insertion techniques. In fact, the proposed method is a generalization of the classical Bézier extraction with an element viewpoint which enhances the procedure of adaptive finite element analysis in error estimation based on marking of the elements. This results in an adaptive IGA based on multilevel extraction to the hierarchical overlay of functions. The convergence and computational efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through benchmark examples.
Plasma cystatin C is a marker of renal glomerular injury in children treated with cisplatin or ifosfamide
Authors: Lambert Marie , White‐Koning Melanie , Alonso Mathieu , Garnier Arnaud , Alphonsa Gwennaelle , Puiseux Chloé , Munzer Caroline , Berthier Joseph , Malard Laurence , Pasquet Marlène , Chatelut Etienne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlasma cystatin C is a potential marker of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary cystatin C has been proposed as a marker of tubular dysfunction.ProcedureA prospective study (NCT02822404) was conducted to assess the benefit of considering cystatin C plasma and urinary levels to better evaluate cisplatin and/or ifosfamide renal toxicity in children with cancer. Plasma 51Cr‐EDTA clearance as a marker of GFR and urinary markers of tubular toxicity were monitored in 40 children treated by cisplatin and/or ifosfamide. Several equations previously proposed to estimate GFR, with or without inclusion of plasma cystatin C level, were compared. A population pharmacokinetic approach was also used to analyze plasma 51Cr‐EDTA data, and evaluate the relationship between patient covariates (including plasma cystatin C level) and GFR during the course of chemotherapy treatment.ResultsEquations including plasma cystatin C described GFR changes during chemotherapy better than those without this variable. An equation based on plasma cystatin C, serum creatinine, and body weight enabled us to accurately describe the evolution of GFR during chemotherapy. The urinary cystatin C/creatinine ratio was compared between children with or without tubular toxicity, according to a standard assessment of tubular dysfunction. However, although the urinary cystatin C/creatinine ratio was increased in children with tubular toxicity, this marker does not provide additional information to the well‐known markers of tubulopathy.ConclusionsMonitoring of plasma cystatin C may be substituted to radionucleide glomerular exploration in children treated by cisplatin and/or ifosfamide.
Hepatic adverse drug reactions in Malaysia: An 18‐year review of the national centralized reporting system
Authors: Lee Fei Yee , Wong Hin‐Seng , Chan Huan‐Keat , Mohamed Ali Norleen , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi , Omar Haniza , Abdul Mutalib Noor Aliza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the incidence, demographic profile, background of reporters, causative agents, severity and clinical outcomes of hepatic adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in Malaysia using the national ADR reporting database.MethodsThe ADR reports recorded between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed to identify hepatic ADR reports. The trend and characteristics of hepatic ADR cases were described. Multivariate disproportionality analysis of the causative agents was performed to generate signals of hepatic ADRs.ResultsA total of 2090 hepatic ADRs (1.77% of all ADRs) were reported with mortality rate of 12.7% among cases with known clinical outcomes. The incidence of hepatic ADR reporting in Malaysia increased significantly over 18 years from 0.26 to 9.45 per million population (P < .001). Antituberculosis drugs (n = 268, 12.82%) was the most common suspected class of causative agents with a reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% CI of 8.39 (7.26‐9.70), followed by traditional/complementary medicines or herbal/dietary supplements (TCM/HDS) (n = 235, 11.24%, ROR 3.26 [2.84‐3.75]), systemic antibacterials (n = 159, 7.61%, ROR 2.65 [2.25‐3.13]), lipid modifying agents (n = 142, 6.79%, ROR 2.21 [1.86‐2.63]) and amiodarone (n = 137, 6.56%, ROR 35.25 [28.40‐43.75]). Most (72.9%) of the TCM/HDS were not registered with the authorities.ConclusionsHepatic ADR cases have increased significantly in Malaysia, with antituberculosis drugs, systemic antibacterials, and TCM/HDS being the most common causative agents reported. Most TCM/HDS reported to be associated with hepatic ADR were not registered with the authorities.
Effect of tacticity of poly(methyl methacrylate) on interfacial region with silica in polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Matsuura Kazuki , Kuboyama Keiichi , Ougizawa Toshiaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of tacticity on the interfacial region between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica in a PMMA/silica nanocomposite was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The glass transition temperature (Tg) values of the syndiotactic (st‐) and atactic (at‐) PMMA/silica nanocomposites are higher than those of the neat PMMA. Conversely, the Tg of the isotactic (it‐) PMMA/silica nanocomposite is slightly higher than that of the neat it‐PMMA. DSC and XRD results suggest that the restriction of the PMMA chain mobility in the silica nanoparticle interfacial region heightens as the syndiotactic content increases. FT‐IR results show that this phenomenon is caused by the interaction between the carbonyl group of PMMA and the silanol group on the silicon dioxide surface. Therefore, it can be concluded that the syndiotactic‐rich PMMA has a significantly different molecular mobility from that of the neat PMMA in the interfacial region with silica nanoparticle surface than isotactic‐rich PMMA.
Asthma control and psychological health in pediatric severe asthma
Authors: Griffiths Delaney , Giancola Lauren M. , Welsh Kelly , MacGlashing Kristen , Thayer Christine , Gunnlaugsson Sigfus , Stamatiadis Natalie P. , Sierra Gabriella C. , Hammond Adam , Greco Kimberly F. , Simoneau Tregony , Baxi Sachin N. , Gaffin Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPsychological comorbidities have been associated with asthma in adults and children, but have not been studied in a population of children with severe asthma. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that symptoms of anxiety or depression are highly prevalent in pediatric severe asthma and negatively effects asthma control.MethodsLongitudinal assessments of anxiety or depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 [PHQ‐4]), asthma control (Asthma Control Test [ACT]), and lung function were performed in a single‐center pediatric severe asthma clinic. Participant data were collected during routine clinical care. Primary outcomes were ACT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC).ResultsAmong 43 subjects (with total 93 observations), 58.1% reported at least one anxious or depressive symptom and 18.6% had a PHQ‐4 more than 2, the threshold for an abnormal test result. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and asthma medication step, there was a significant reduction in ACT for girls with PHQ‐4 more than 2 (adjusted mean [SE] ACT for PHQ‐4 > 2: 13.64 [0.59], ACT for PHQ‐4 ≤ 2: 20.64 [1.25], p = .02) but not boys. Moreover, there was a significant differential effect of mental health impairment for girls than boys. ACT for girls with PHQ more than 2: 13.64 (0.59) compared with boys with PHQ‐4 more than 2: 17.82 (0.95), adjusted mean difference ACT by sex = 4.18 points; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–7.73; p = .033. In adjusted models, there was no association between PHQ‐4 more than 2 and FEV1/FVC.ConclusionsSymptoms of anxiety and depression are common. In children with severe asthma, a PHQ‐4 score more than 2 is associated with worse asthma symptom control in girls, but not boys.
Ergonomic design of display systems in control rooms of complex systems in Serbia
Authors: Grozdanovic Miroljub , Bijelic Bojan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an ergonomic design of the display system in control rooms of four complex systems in Serbia, railway, mining, electric power, and soybean flakes production. Research of display panels analyses the visual information coding, characters' visual angles, and existing standards and recommendation in the period when this research took place. Operators' visual angles, the distance between the operator's eyes and display panels, the size of visual signs, comparative analysis of display panel and video display units used in the control room are given. The main goal of this paper is to apply the result obtained in designing a new control room in Serbia since the adequate design of display systems in control rooms has a significant impact on the efficiency and functionality of the operator's work in control centers.
Quantum‐phase transitions in 1D Heisenberg spin systems
Authors: Cheranovskii Vladyslav O. , Slavin Viktor V. , Klein Douglas J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFocusing on novel highly correlated low‐dimensional systems, we investigate a class of quasione‐dimensional systems with an even number of spin‐½ sites per unit cell, for which we find, here, that it does not give a gap in the exact excitation spectrum. The unit cells of these systems are formed by two different structural units, each with an odd number of sites. We find the instability of these systems against the regular oscillations of the interactions between structural units and estimate numerically the corresponding critical exponents for the ground‐state energies. In contrast to the well‐known spin‐Peierls instability, this type of structural instability does not change the symmetry of the above systems. We also present a class of disordered one‐dimensional spin systems formed by different types of structural units with odd numbers of spins to demonstrate a critical behavior similar to a homogeneous spin‐½ chain in the limit of weak interactions between structural units.
Social and environmental development: Fresh concepts and soft measures towards sustainable development
Authors: Farooq Qamar , Hao Jie , Liu Xuan , Xiao Di , Hao Yunhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the incremental growth in overall world population, environmental related aftermaths of industrial development are becoming challenges for sustainability. In social perspective, poverty eradication is still the biggest global need which is an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable development (SD). As a solution, business organizations in various industries need to do the efforts with zero‐sum competition for a trailblazing initiative of SD in context of social and environmental protection. Based on triple bottom line theory, this paper introduces the terminologies of social and environmental collective protection (SECP) and social and environmental collective development (SECD) by answering the research question as how the nonprofit orientation can be promoted and sustained within the for‐profit businesses. Using textual analytical approach, this research achieves the main objective to highlight the impact of mutual corporate initiatives as a business strategy on social and environmental sustainability. This article finds that social and environmental development depends upon social and environmental protection when it is measured in terms of collective SD goals. In addition to initiating the new terminologies contributing to the literature of SD measures for society and environment, this paper has practical implications for United Nations (UN) for their 2030 vision of social development for SD. Utilization of this paper is not limited till 2030 because it is expected that a broad range of researchers will use our described concepts for scholarly discussions and future empirical studies.
Graphene Oxide Thin Films: Synthesis and Optical Characterization
Authors: Prías Barragán J. J. , Gross K. , Darío Perea José , Killilea Niall , Heiss Wolfgang , Brabec Christoph J. , Calderón H. Ariza , Prieto Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe oxidized derivative of graphene named Graphene oxide (GO) are attractive materials as optoelectronic devices due to their optical response in the mid‐infrared wavelength spectral range; however, very large‐scaled synthesis methods and optical characterization are required. Here, GO thin films are fabricated on quartz by implementing simple two‐step pyrolysis processes by using renewable bamboo as source material. The effect of carbonization temperature (TCA) on the compositional, vibrational, and optoelectronic properties of the system are investigated. It was found that as TCA increases, graphite conversion rises, oxygen coverage reduces from 17 % to 4 %, and the band‐gap energy monotonically decreases from 0.30 to 0.11 eV. Theoretical predictions of the energy band‐gap variations with the oxide coverage obtained via density functional theory (DFT) computational simulations agree well with the experimental results, providing evidence of oxygen‐mediated charge‐transport scattering. Interestingly, in the optical response, increased TCA results in a blue‐shift of the absorption and the absorbance spectrum can be correlated with the large size distribution of the graphitic nano‐crystals of the samples. These results suggest that graphene oxide‐bamboo pyroligneous acid (GO) thin films exhibit optoelectronic response useful in developing photodetectors and emitter devices in the mid‐infrared (MIR) spectral range.