bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative and negative sexual experiences of transgender identifying adolescents in the community
Authors: Heino Elias , Fröjd Sari , Marttunen Mauri , Kaltiala Riittakerttu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Sexuality is a major facet of development during adolescence. Apace with normal sexual development, sexual experiences become more common and intimate. Recent research reports mixed results as to whether this is the case among transgender identifying adolescents. Recent research also suggests that trans youth experience negative sexual experiences (such as dating violence and sexual harassment) more often than their cisgender identifying peers. However, most studies have had clinical or selected samples.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to compare the normative as well as negative sexual experiences of trans youth with their cisgender peers in the general population.

Method:
Our study included 1386 pupils of the ninth year of comprehensive school in Finland, mean age (SD) 15.59 (0.41) years. We compared sexual experiences, sexual harassment and dating violence among trans youth and their cisgender identifying peers. Distributions of the outcome variables were calculated among the whole sample and by sex. Next, multivariate associations were studied using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, honesty of responding and depression. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are given.

Results:
After adjusting for age, sex, honesty of responding and ultimately for depression, normative sexual experiences of trans youth did not differ systematically from those of the mainstream, cisgender identifying youth. After adjusting for sex, age and honesty, transgender youth had increased Odds Ratios for experiences of sexual coercion and dating violence perpetration. In the final models however, no statistically significant differences were detected in the negative sexual experiences between transgender and cisgender youth.

Conclusions:
Transgender identifying adolescents presented neither with delayed nor with excessively advanced sexual experiences. However, transgender youth seem to be more susceptible to subjection to sexual coercion and, unexpectedly, dating violence perpetration than their cisgender peers. However, these associations may in fact relate more closely to depression, a prevalent phenomenon among trans youth, than transgender identity itself.
COVID-19 and Domestic Animals: Exploring the Species Barrier Crossing, Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Harilal Seetha , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Behl Tapan , Mathew Githa E. , Mathew Bijo 
Published: November 2020

Background:
To date, more than thirty animals have been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; all of
them infected by humans with COVID-19. Some animal experiments suggested the possibility of animal to animal
transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that was seen in some cases of infected animals. Animal to human transmission
was considered unlikely until investigations revealed the possibility of mink to human transmission of
SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands.

Objective:
The current study aims at highlighting the predominance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various animal
species, reverse zoonotic transmission and proposing possible animal models that might aid in the study
and development of a vaccine against Covid-19.

Methods:
The authors have gathered information on various animal species infected with SARS-CoV-2 and
possible tests conducted via online news reports, websites and Scopus indexed journals.

Results:
The study of the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to domestic animals concluded that pigs, chicken, and
ducks were not vulnerable to Covid-19; dogs showed less susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and cats as well as ferrets
were seen susceptible to Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 has been seen crossing the species barrier, infecting humans
from the wild with the yet unclear source, spreading from humans to humans quickly, humans to animals,
animals to animals, and is likely to spread from animals to humans even though minimally. Animals appear
somewhat resistant to SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to humans who globally crossed eight million infection
cases, and the infected animals mostly do not show many complications and recover quickly.

Conclusion:
Precautions are advised to prevent human to animal transmission of the virus, and in some areas,
to avoid animal to human spread of the virus. Further monitoring is required to assess the SARS-CoV-2 infection
in animals as COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving condition worldwide. Cats and ferrets have physiological
resemblance and genome sequencing studies propose the possibility of these species to be used as animal models
for investigating the SARS-CoV-2 infection and this might aid in further studies and vaccine development
against Covid-19.
Growth and Oleanolic Acid Accumulation of Polyscias fruticosa Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Kim Phan T.A. , An Le T.B. , Chung Nguyen T. , Truong Nguyen T. , Thu Le T.A. , Huan Le V.T. , Loc Nguyen H. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Oleanolic acid is an oleanane triterpene found in many plant species all over the world. This compound is also a major saponin in leaves of Polyscias fruticosa and possess several promising pharmacological activities,
such as hepatoprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or anticancer activities.

Objective:
The objective of the present work is to establish cell suspension culture of P. fruticosa, investigate influence of
several factors such as plant growth regulators and carbon source on cell growth, and determine their oleanolic acid content.

Method:
Cell culture was carried out by using 2 g fresh weight of 30 day old friable callus derived from in vitro stem segment in 50 mL of liquid medium with a shaking speed of 120 rpm. Culture was then incubated at 25±2ºC with a shaking speed of 120 rpm in the period of 12 h daylight at light intensity of about 6.75 µmol/m2
/s. Cell growth was measured by fresh and dry biomass at 16h day. Oleanolic acid content was determined using HPLC analysis.

Results & Discussion:
The study results showed that MS medium containing 2% sucrose as a carbon source, supplemented
with 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was the most appropriate growth medium. Cell biomass and oleanolic acid content reached the highest values of 0.43 g dry weight/flask and 25.4 mg/g dry weight,
respectively.

Conclusion:
These results indicated the potential production of oleanolic acid, a compound with high pharmacological value, from P. fruticosa cell culture.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine- nitrone Derivatives as Antioxidants
Authors: Chen Haiyun , Yan Chunyan , Cao Jie , Liu Zheng , Sun Yewei , Wang Yuqiang 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the two main therapeutic
strategies for ischemic stroke in clinic. However, reperfusion injury causes oxidative stress leading
to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death.

Methods:
We designed and synthesized two tetramethylpyrazine-nitrone derivatives (T-003 and T-
005) and investigated their abilities for scavenging free radicals and protective effects as well as
neurite outgrowth promotion in vitro.

Results:
Both of them showed potent radical-scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects
against iodoacetic acid-induced cell injury. Furthermore, T-003 and T-005 significantly promoted
neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that compound T-003 and T-005 could be potent antioxidants for
the treatment of neurological disease, particularly ischemic stroke.
A Cross-entropy-based Method for Essential Protein Identification in Yeast Protein-protein Interaction Network
Authors: Sun Weimiao , Wang Lei , Peng Jiaxin , Zhang Zhen , Pei Tingrui , Tan Yihong , Li Xueyong , Chen Zhiping 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Research has shown that essential proteins play important roles in the development
and survival of organisms. Because of the high costs of traditional biological experiments, several
computational prediction methods based on known protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been
recently proposed to detect essential proteins.

Objective:
Here, a novel prediction model called IoMCD is proposed to identify essential proteins by combining known
PPIs with a variety of biological information about proteins, including gene expression data and homologous information
of proteins.

Methods:
Compared to the traditional state-of-the-art prediction models, IoMCD involves two kinds of
weights that are obtained, respectively, by extracting topological features of proteins from the original
known protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients
(PCCs) between the gene expression data of proteins. Based on these two kinds of weights and adopting
a cross-entropy method, a unique weight is assigned to each protein. Subsequently, the homologous
information of proteins is used to calculate an initial score for each protein. Finally, based on the
unique weights and initial score of proteins, an iterative method is designed to measure the essentialities
of proteins.

Results:
Intensive experiments were performed, and simulation results showed that the prediction accuracy
of IoMCD, based on the dataset downloaded from the DIP and Gavin databases, was 92.16% and
89.71%, respectively, in the top 1% of the predicted essential proteins.

Conclusion:
Both simulation results demonstrated that IoMCD can achieve excellent prediction accuracy
and could be an effective method for essential protein prediction.
Anti-Fungal Activity of Cressa cretica, Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Pulicaria crispa, Indigenous Plants of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan
Authors: Hadi Faheem , Maqbool Tahir , Khurshid Sameera , Nawaz Aisha , Aftab Saira , Tahir Sehrish , Awan Sana J. , Malik Arif 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Fungal infections have always remained a problem and they are getting
worse with the passage of each year due to their resistance against available antibiotics. Natural
ways of treatment with homeopathic medicines made of mother tinctures of plants have no reported
side effects and have been proved effective against many bacterial and fungal infections.

Materials & Methods:
Preparation of mother tinctures of plants Cressa cretica, Leptadenia pyrotechnica,
and Pulicaria crispa was done and used to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of these
plants against potentially pathogenic fungal species like Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus
ustus, and Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion method. Each tincture was evaluated
at 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, and 1 ml volume per disc and zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters
and compared with commercial drug Fluconazole (2 mg/ml), which was used as standard.

Results:
The results showed the satisfactory anti-fungal activity of these plants in comparison to
the standard drug Fluconazole. The ratio of anti-fungal activity of Cressa cretica measured as the
zone of growth inhibition of these cultures against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus
ustus, and Candida albicans was 24 mm / 27 mm, 30mm / 28 mm, 23 mm/ 30 mm, and 32 mm/
30 mm, respectively. In the case of Leptadenia pyrotechnica, the mother tincture’s antifungal activity
was 32 mm / 27 mm, 30 mm / 28 mm, 17 mm/ 30 mm, and 24 mm/ 30 mm, respectively. In the
case of our third plant Pulicaria crispa, anti-fungal activity was found to be 23 mm/ 27 mm, 26
mm/ 28 mm, 26 mm / 30 mm and 24 mm/ 30 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our study proved that the mother tincture of these plants could be a potential new therapy
to treat fungal infections and has the potential to rule out fungal problems. Further research using
the mother tincture of these plants against other fungal species has the potential to prove them a
safer and widespread anti-fungal homeopathic medicine.
Recent Advances on Robot Visual Servo Control Methods
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Li Meng , Ma Shaowei , Jiang Hanghang , Wang Hongyu 
Published: November 2020

Background:
In order to enable robots to complete complex tasks, robots are required to
have higher intelligence and adaptability. RVSC (Robot Visual Servo Control) is an organic combination
of machine vision and servo control and is a complex system with strong coupling and nonlinearity,
which improves the performance of robots and provides feasible solutions for solving practical
problems in many fields.

Objective:
To review the latest development of RVSC methods and provide references for researchers
in related fields.

Methods:
RVSC related patents and literature were analyzed from the aspects of the algorithm, innovation
and application. In addition, the typical RVSC methods are summarized.

Results:
This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in many patents and
literature. Moreover, the typical applications, potential problems and future development directions of
this field is put forward.

Conclusion:
RVSC has better performance than traditional control methods. In addition, it can also be combined with some algorithms or knowledge to further improve performance. But, the further improvements of RVSC are needed in the following areas: the convenience of operation, the optimization of trajectory planning, the combination of multiple sensors, etc. Furthermore, more patents of the RVSC also should be invented.
0 SETOR ELÉTRICO E SUAS RELAÇÕES... A indústria da construção
Authors: Fernandes Almir , Turnowski Salomon 
Published: November 2020

Na opção adotada pelo Brasil, para tornar-se auto-suficiente na produção de fontes nobres de energia, permitindo manter um ritmo sustentado e acelerado de desenvolvimento industrial, privilegiouse a construção de grandes barragens hidrelétricas. Esta opção era a que melhor se adequava à realidade geográfica brasileira. Com efeito, predominando no Brasil as áreas de planalto, bastante regadas pelas chuvas tropicais e com desníveis nos cursos fluviais, a construção de barragens revelou-se a forma mais imediata para obtenção de grandes recursos energéticos. Outras alternativas esbarraram nas carências naturais do país. O desconhecimento da ocorrência de grandes jazidas de petróleo e de carvão mineral, tornavam desvantajosas possíveis opções pela termeletricidade. Por seu turno, importantes jazidas de turfa e xisto betuminoso, se bem que disponíveis, pouco significam face ao atraso tecnológico nos processos de sua transformação em energia.
CLOSE: NEARING THE FUTURE BY MEANS OF SYMBIOGENESIS AND HYPEROBJECTIVITY
Authors: BOBOESCU Ioan-Cristian 
Published: November 2020

Close: Nearing the Future by Means of Symbiogenesis and Hyperobjectivity. At the beginning of the 21st century we find a call for philosophers to join a new alliance: with artists and architects rather than linguists or physicists. In order to see the ecosystem, we need to switch concepts, look away from nature and move towards ambiance and hyperobjects. Along with this rehabilitation of Aristotle (by speculative realism and, more specifically, object-oriented ontology) comes a call for a fresh start as post-humanistic symbionts. These are proposals for alternatives to the catastrophic end of the short-lived drama of the Anthropocene. All this aids the here introduction of near-future hyperobjectivity.
International Legal Basis of Using Sports for Development and Peace
Authors: Iglin A. V. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION. The article examines globalization processes in terms of their impact on sport, namely the integration of sport into current UN programmes based on the acts of the General Assembly and the accompanying framework standards. The author analyses the practices of Member States, the United Nations system and international sports organizations to lay the groundwork for joint action in the field of sport. The relevance of the study in the analysis of the latest UN incentive standards: the Kazan Action Plan and the Global Action Plan to increase the level of physical activity for 2018-2030, thus Russia plays an active role in their implementation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. In conducting the study, the author relies on foreign doctrine, the practice of the subjects involved in the international sports movement, UN acts. Research methods: a dialectical approach to the knowledge of the WORK of the UN, allowing to analyze it in historical development and functioning in the context of coordination of cooperation in the field of sports. Comparative-legal method and dialectic determined the choice of specific methods of research: comparative and formal-legal.RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the analysis of UN acts affecting the impact of globalization on sport, the development of international relations in the systems of integration sports relations is considered, it is concluded that in the field of international tools A new model for regulating sport is being developed, a holistic conglomeration of rules and regulations that drives the globalism of sport and the achievement of the UN's socially significant goals.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author has proven the potential of the UN's analysis of international sporting events, and has come to the conclusion that it is necessary to promote it through sports initiatives as a means of promoting development and peace and topics it is inevitable that permanent cooperation of nations within the world sporting movement is on the development agenda. The arguments in the article in favor of a new model of sports-legal regulation are intended to streamline the international legal set of rules affecting sport.
International legal regulation of the employment of artificial-intelligence-related technologies in armed conflict
Authors: Lewis D. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION. In recent years, increased attention has been dedicated at the international level to legal issues concerning the possible employment of artificialintelligence-related technologies in hostilities in armed conflict. Most prominently, discussions in the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) have addressed juridical aspects relative to emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems.MATERIALS AND METHODS. I analyze contemporary intergovernmental debates in the context of the CCW, international legal frameworks pertaining to armed conflict, and developments in relevant technologies. I do so to trace current trajectories and generate an analytical framework to help apply legal responsibility.RESEARCH RESULTS. A disagreement has arisen among certain States in the context of the CCW as to whether to develop a new primary legal norm or whether existing international humanitarian law is suffi ent. Taking account of that current normative impasse, I propose an analytical framework aimed at ensuring the applicability of international legal responsibility in respect of the employment of AI-related technologies in armed conflict.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Given the range of relevant technologies, the employment of AI in armed conflict may occur across diverse thematic and functional areas: not only in the conduct of hostilities, including weapons, but also detention, humanitarian services, maritime systems, and many other areas. Identification of the general concepts and specific attributes necessary to apply international legal responsibility across the array of implicated areas may help provide a framework through which to respect the law, guide behavior, pursue accountability, and generate areas of greater normative consensus.
Key Issues of International Legal Regulation of Autonomous Maritime Navigation
Authors: Gavrilov V. V. , Dremliuga R. I. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION.Onthebasisofprovisionsofthe1982UNConventionontheLawoftheSeaandotherlegaldocuments, the article analyzes topical issues of the current and future international legal regulation of the use of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), which are capable of completely transforming the shipping and international maritime transportation industry in the near future.MATERIALSANDMETHODS.Theissues raisedinthearticlearestructurallydividedintothreemaingroups.Thefirstoneisconnectedwiththeanthropocentrismofthe‘pre-digitalera’law– that is, with its inability to work with other autonomous subjects except for people and various forms of their organization. The second is determined by specific characteristics of autonomous systems themselves, among which their non-determinism and ability to self-study should be noted. The third group is directly related to the legal support of MASS cybersecurity in the new conditions.RESEARCHRESULTS.Whenwriting the article, the authors proceeded from the fact that the issue of extending the application of international maritime law to MASS cannot be solved by simply transferring its regulatory impact to new subjects (objects) – artificial intelligence systems or autonomous ships themselves. Such a transfer is impossible, since human and artificial intelligence use completely different decisionmaking algorithms.DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONS.Th mainconclusionofthearticleisthatthewidespreadintegrationofMASSintothepracticeofinternationalmaritimetransportationwillbea turning point not only for the very procedure for its performance, but also for the algorithm of legal regulation of this sphere of public relations. Since the emergence of autonomous ships will mainly result in a gradual decrease of the human component in managing them in favor of artificial intelligence and related automated systems, international law of the sea is unlikely to continue to operate in its current form. It will take a lot of work to adapt and changeitsnormsinaccordancewiththenewrealitiesofthe‘digitalera’ofhumandevelopment.
A Renaissance mathematician’s art
Authors: Mirek Ryszard 
Published: November 2020

Piero della Francesca is best known as a painter but he was also a mathematician. His treatise
De prospectiva pingendi is a superb example of a union between the fne arts and mathemati‑
cal sciences of arithmetic and geometry. In this paper, I explain some reasons why his paint‑
ing is considered as a part of perspective and, therefore, can be identifed with a branch of
geometry.
CUSTOMER VALUE TOWARD PURCHASE INTENTION ON LUXURY BRAND
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Hertanto Hertanto , Rafiq Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

This research discusses various aspects related to Luxury Brand, where in order to research this issue, an in-depth analysis is needed because it relates to psychological factors of purchase.The research variables discussed in this research are Functionalism Values, Hedonics Value, Symbolic/Expressive Values and Financials Values of Purchases Intentions of famous brand users.The sample used in this research amounted to 180 respondents and collected by purposive sampling method.The test is carried out by the Structurally Equations Models (SEM) method. The results of this research are (1) Functional Value has a positive influence on Purchase Intention, (2) Hedonic Value has a positive influence on Purchase Intention, (3) Symbolic / expressive Value has a positive influence on Purchase Intention, (4) Financial Value does not have a positive influence on Purchase Intention. The implications obtained in this researchcan provide input for future brand development, especially for Luxury Brands.