bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioglycerol (C3) upgrading to 2,3‐butanediol (C4) by cell‐free extracts of Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 2695
Authors: Parate Roopa , Borgave Mrunal , Dharne Mahesh , Rode Chandrashekhar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDProduction of biobased chemicals from renewable resources is a green starring approach that serves as a substitute to petroleum derivatives. Bioglycerol, with its growing production as a co‐product of biodiesel, is an attractive low‐cost feedstock for the synthesis of platform chemicals by microbial fermentation. 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) is amongst the top biorefinery platform chemicals that can be produced by glycerol fermentation.RESULTSThe ‘Circular Economy’ concept is demonstrated by converting the by‐product bioglycerol using a cell‐free extract of Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 2695 (National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, NCIM), yielding 22 g L−1 2,3‐BDO, in 96 h, 98% atom economy and 0.4 g/g E factor. The cell‐free bioglycerol conversion to 2,3‐BDO was proved using a modified procedure for determining glycerol dehydrogenase enzyme assay by protein analysis and it was also shown to be cell‐bounded.CONCLUSIONOur study offers an effective utilization of the leftover material (i.e. cell‐free extract) that biocatalysed C3 to C4 diol, which adds value to the overall economics of the process using only crude glycerol (C3) itself as a fermentative medium. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Incidental sonographic finding of a concealed placental abruption leading to delivery at 37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Sherer David M. , Kheyman Mila , Benayoun Jacqueline , Dalloul Mudar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlacental abruption occurs clinically in approximately 1% of births although placental pathology assessment suggests a higher incidence. Ultrasound rarely plays a role in the diagnosis or clinical management of patients with suspected placental abruption. A patient with an incidental sonographic finding of a large concealed abruption at 36 weeks' gestation, led to induction of labor. This case and the established association of increased stillbirth with placental abruption among patients of advanced maternal age, suggest that at term, following sonographic findings of abruption, consideration should be given to elective delivery of these patients even in the absence of clinical symptomatology.
Application of multimicroscopic techniques (LM and SEM) in comparative palynological study of Asteroideae members, inhabited in Pakistan
Authors: Younis Sidra , Shaheen Shabnum , Harun Nidaa , Abbas Moneeza , Ahmad Mushtaq , Hussain Khadim , Khan Farah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study light and scanning electron microscopic approaches were used to study the palynological variations among 30 Asteroideae members. Variety of qualitative and quantitative palynological characters like pollen shape and type, pollen sculpturing, pollen size, P/E ratio, exine and intine thickness, interspecific difference, colpi size, pore size, spines length, spine width, and pollen fertility were observed. Results reported remarkable variations among pollen characters of studied taxa. The shape of pollen grains in polar and equatorial views varied from specie to specie such as spheroidal, prolate, oblate, subspheroidal, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, suboblate, and sub prolate. Bidens pilosa L. showed maximum pollen size in both polar and equatorial views, whereas minimum pollen size in polar view was found in Tetraneuris scaposa (DC.) Greene. (i.e., 30.5 μm) and in equatorial view was found in Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (25.5 μm).The highest P/E ratio (1.39 μm) was measured in Glebionis coronaria L. The values of exine and intine thickness also varied. Tricolporate, tetracolporate, trizonocolporate, pentoporate, and polypentoporate pollen types were examined. Spinateand echinate pollen sculpturingobserved under SEM. Variations in spine length and width also recorded. The maximum pollen fertility (98%) was measured in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and the lowest (56%) was recorded in Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small. It was concluded that the variations in qualitative and quantitative characters were seemed to be valuable for the taxonomic investigations of Asteroideae taxa.
DATAMAN: A global database of nitrous oxide and ammonia emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land‐applied manure
Authors: Beltran Ignacio , van der Weerden Tony J. , Alfaro Marta A. , Amon Barbara , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Grace Peter , Hafner Sasha , Hassouna Mélynda , Hutchings Nicholas , Krol Dominika J. , Leytem April B. , Noble Alasdair , Salazar Francisco , Thorman Rachel E. , Velthof Gerard L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and methane (CH4) emissions from the manure management chain of livestock production systems are important contributors to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and NH3 emitted by human activities. Several studies have evaluated manure‐related emissions and associated key variables at regional, national, or continental scales. However, there have been few studies focusing on the drivers of these emissions using a global dataset. An international project was created (DATAMAN) to develop a global database on GHG and NH3 emissions from the manure management chain (housing, storage, and field) to identify key variables influencing emissions and ultimately to refine emission factors (EFs) for future national GHG inventories and NH3 emission reporting. This paper describes the “field” database that focuses on N2O and NH3 EFs from land‐applied manure and excreta deposited by grazing livestock. We collated relevant information (EFs, manure characteristics, soil properties, and climatic conditions) from published peer‐reviewed research, conference papers, and existing databases. The database, containing 5,632 observations compiled from 184 studies, was relatively evenly split between N2O and NH3 (56 and 44% of the EF values, respectively). The N2O data were derived from studies conducted in 21 countries on five continents, with New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Brazil representing 86% of the data. The NH3 data originated from studies conducted in 17 countries on four continents, with the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, and The Netherlands representing 79% of the data. Wet temperate climates represented 90% of the total database. The DATAMAN field database is available at http://www.dataman.co.nz.
An automated real‐time PCR assay for synovial fluid improves the preoperative etiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection and septic arthritis
Authors: Yang Fan , Choe Hyonmin , Kobayashi Naomi , Tezuka Taro , Oba Masatoshi , Miyamae Yushi , Morita Akira , Abe Koki , Inaba Yutaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSynovial fluid is important for the preoperative etiological diagnosis of suspected periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or septic arthritis (SA). GENECUBE, an automated real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, was used to detect bacterial mecA (methicillin resistance) and was compared with microbiological cultures for preoperatively diagnosing PJI and SA in 74 patients suspected of these infections and thus earmarked for surgery. PJI and SA were diagnosed in 21 and 6 cases, respectively, using modified ICM 2018 diagnostic criteria. Microbiological cultures determined methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus (MRS) as the causative organism in six samples, which were all positive in the GENECUBE assay. Significantly also, the GENECUBE assay detected six MRS infections in culture‐negative but infection‐diagnosed patients, and in one inconclusive case, suggesting a higher sensitivity of this assay. Compared with microbiological culture, the sensitivity and specificity of the GENECUBE assay for mecAwas 100% and 92.2%, respectively. However, GENECUBE also produced invalid results in three cases, suggesting possible PCR inhibitors in the synovial fluid samples. We additionally validated the accuracy of pan‐bacterial real‐time PCR targeting 16S rRNA and other tests. Pan‐bacterial real‐time PCR was as effective as preoperative bacterial culture testing, although the α‐defensin assay had the highest sensitivity at 100%. Hence, fully automated real‐time PCR targeting of the bacterial mecA gene improves the etiological diagnosis of PJI and SA by reducing the testing time and lowering the false‐positive detection rates. A screening approach for α‐defensin followed by bacterial mecA gene testing in synovial fluids is therefore a more efficient method of preoperatively diagnosing PJI and SA.
Ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreatments of Monascus fermentation byproduct for a sustainable production of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Feipeng , Wang Yang , Shi Xiangzhu , Fan Rong , Ni Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonascus fermentation byproduct (MFB) is a biowaste generated after food colorants are extracted. Using MFB to produce probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) is a sustainable way for the entire production to be used as food or animal feed additives. However, due to the rigidity of the Monascus mycelium cell wall, B. subtilis cannot sufficiently utilize the nutrients in MFB, leading to low biomass production efficiency. We studied the effects of ultrasonic treatment, papain, β‐glucanase, and chitosanase, and their combinations on improving the levels of soluble components from MFB. The effects of these treatments on mycelium cell walls were visualized using scanning electron microscopy, and their influence on B. subtilis production was analyzed.RESULTSUltrasonic treatment increased the soluble components by 210 g kg−1, including 50 g kg−1 protein and 120 g kg−1 carbohydrates. An enzyme mixture increased the soluble components by 160 g kg−1, including 30 g kg−1 protein and 90 g kg−1 carbohydrates. The combination of the two methods achieved the highest increase of soluble components (up to 400 g kg−1) leading to a maximum B. subtilis production of 1 × 1011 colony‐forming unit mL−1. This yield was about 20 times greater than that using untreated MFB and about eight times greater than treatments using only ultrasonic or enzymatic methods.CONCLUSIONThe productivity of B. subtilis production using MFB as the sole medium can be greatly improved by ultrasound or enzymes, which cause the release of intercellular components or cell wall components. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The sustainability of rice‐crayfish coculture systems: a mini review of evidence from Jianghan plain in China
Authors: Hou Jun , Styles David , Cao Yuxian , Ye Xinxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice‐crayfish coculture (RC) uses 10% of the paddy field area for crayfish ditches, with rice cultivated in the remaining area, providing staple carbohydrates alongside fish rich in protein and essential oils. These systems rely on complex interactions, involving nutrient cycling, fish feeding, soil physicochemical modification, and insect‐pest predation, and have important socio‐economic effects. Past studies have considered only one or a few of these aspects pertinent to food system sustainability, and there remains a need for an integrated assessment of RC systems. In this mini‐review, we collate data from two field experiments and three field surveys published across eight papers to synthesize the overall sustainability of RC systems in Jianghan Plain in China.RESULTSIn deep groundwater fields, the RC rice yield was 30–55% lower than for typical rice‐rapeseed (RR) rotations, while CH4 emission and pesticide use were 41–96% and 50% lower, respectively. In shallow groundwater fields, RC rice yield was similar to typical rice monoculture (RM) cultivation, while CH4 emission and pesticide use were 28–41% and 17% lower for RC cultivation. Field survey data indicated that RC can improve soil nutrient and organic matter content significantly compared with RM cultivation, and also increase the diversity of fauna and flora in the paddy field whilst reducing the incidence of chilo suppressalis (a major rice pest). Feed inputs to RC systems increased crayfish yield by 31–71% and reduced the fraction of N inputs lost to the environment from 71% to 41%.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that RC systems with feed inputs in areas with shallow groundwater can deliver improved food security, sustainability, and resilience through ecological intensification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high pressure pre‐treatment on raw ewes' milk and on subsequently produced cheese throughout ripening
Authors: Inácio Rita S , Pinto Carlos A , Saraiva Jorge A , Gomes Ana MP 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRaw ewe's milk, as used to manufacture Serra da Estrela Protected Designation of Origin cheese, was pre‐treated by high pressure processing (HPP), using previously optimized conditions (121 MPa for 30 min), aiming to evaluate its effect on milk technological properties for subsequent cheese production, namely the impact on resulting curd, whey and cheese throughout ripening.RESULTSThe cheese yield increased 10.4% as a result of milk pre‐treated by HPP, which also yielded inactivation of beneficial microbial groups. After 60 days of ripening, both treated and control cheeses showed no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) with respect to quantified microbial load or basic physicochemical quality parameters.CONCLUSIONHPP appears to be a promising non‐thermal treatment for ewes' milk to inactivate contaminant bacteria but with no negative effect on lactic acid bacteria, which is very important for the unique characteristics of Serra da Estrela cheese. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of climate change and mechanized harvesting on maize (Zea mays L.) planting and northern limits in northeast China
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Yin Xiaogang , Zou Xiaoman , Chen Fu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNortheast China is one of the most important maize producing areas in China. Due to limitations on crop growth resulting from temperature, whether this area can realize mechanical kernel harvesting maize (MKHM) will directly affect the stable development of maize in the region. The effects of climate change on the northern limits of early maturing MKHM were also analyzed in the study.RESULTSThe mean temperature during the maize growth period increased at a rate of 0.22 °C/10a from 1960 to 2018. The average growth periods for early, middle‐ and late‐maturing common harvest maize (CHM) were 123, 135, and 140 days, respectively, and the accumulated temperature above 10 °C (AAT10) was 2400 °C, 2800 °C, and 3100 °C. The early maturing MKHM growth period was about 20 days longer than that of early maturing CHM, and thus the AAT10 of the MKHM was 2700 °C. From 2000–2018, the northern limits for the early maturing CHM maize planting were located from south of Nenjiang and Wudalianchi (47° 98′ N–49° 74′ N), while the northern limits for the early maturing MKHM maize were located in south Keshan, Nehe, and Hailun (46° 32′ N–48° 70′ N), which was about 148 km southward compared to the northern limits of the early maturing CHM maize.CONCLUSIONThis study not only confirmed the northern limits of early maturing MKHM maize but also indicated that the development of MKHM offsets the influences of climate change on the northern limits of maize planting. This is very important for the sustainable development of maize in the region. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Anatomy and physiology of the sentinel lymph nodes of the upper extremity: Implications for axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer
Authors: Coroneos Christopher J. , Woodward Wendy A. , Wong Franklin C. , Caudle Abigail S. , Shaitelman Simona F. , Kuerer Henry M. , Schaverien Mark V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterizes the physiological drainage of the normal upper extremity using single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) lymphoscintigraphy axillary reverse lymphatic mapping (ARM).MethodsA consecutive series of patients assessed with SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy ARM of the upper extremity were included. Anatomical localization of the axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) was completed in normal axillae in relation to consistent anatomic landmarks. Retrospective case note analysis was performed to collect patient demographic data.ResultsA total of 169 patients underwent SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy, and imaging of 182 normal axillae was obtained. All patients (100%) had an axillary SLN identified: 19% had a single contrast‐enhanced SLN in the axilla and the remainder had multiple. The SLN(s) of the upper extremity was located in the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) of the axilla in 97% of cases (177 axillae). When the SLN(s) was found in the UOQ of the axilla, second‐tier lymph nodes were found predominantly in the upper inner quadrant (50% of cases).ConclusionsThe upper extremity SLN(s) is located in a constant region of the axilla. This study provides the most complete investigation to date and results can be directly applied clinically to ARM techniques and adjuvant radiation planning.
CASC2 inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells through sponging miR‐18a‐5p/FIH1 axis
Authors: Liu Qi‐Yu , Gao Ling‐Yi , Xu Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Zhang Li‐Jun , Gong Xiao‐Lei , Luo Shi‐Bi , Zhao Rong , Cheng Ruo‐Chuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Cancer Susceptibility 2 (CASC2) has been proved to contribute to the development of cancers. However, the mechanism behind the action of CASC2 in thyroid cancer is not quite clear. We demonstrated that CASC2 was downregulated in thyroid cancer. We noted that CASC2 overexpression restrained the growth, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, whereas CASC2 depletion caused opposite trends. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha inhibitor (FIH‐1) was potentially targeted by miR‐18a‐5p, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Upregulation of FIH‐1 abrogated the promotive effect of miR‐18a‐5p on the growth and invasion of thyroid cancer cells. In addition, CASC2 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and a ''sponge'' for miR‐18a‐5p, thereby regulating the expression of FIH‐1. These data elucidated the CASC2/miR‐18a‐5p ceRNA network in thyroid cancer pathogenesis.
Elevated serum miR‐3129‐5p contributes to the progression of coronary heart disease via targeting mTOR
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Yu , Zhao Ting , Zhou Jing , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current study aims to explore the miRNA changes that occur in the serum of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls using a microarray technique, thereby exploring the potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of CHD and the underlying mechanism. Clinical data were reviewed, and venous blood samples were collected from 66 cases of CHD and 58 cases of healthy controls. MicroRNA‐wide expression profiling identified 16 miRNAs that were aberrantly decreased by ~2‐fold in the serum of patients with CHD compared to that of healthy controls. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that the expression of miR‐3129‐5p was increased the most in patients with CHD compared with that of controls. Moreover, serum miR‐3129‐5p was found to be highest in the severe stenosis group, followed by the moderate stenosis group and mild stenosis group. ROC analysis showed that serum miR‐3129‐5p could differentiate patients with CHD from controls. Further study showed that mTOR was a target gene of miR‐3129‐5p. Western blot assays demonstrated that miR‐3129‐5p significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 levels. Consistently, GFP‐LC3 and TEM assays indicated that miR‐3129 increased autophagy puncta in H9C2 cells. More importantly, silencing mTOR significantly decreased the expression of p‐S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin expression even in H9C2 cells transfected with miR‐3129‐5p inhibitor, indicating that miR‐3129‐5p‐induced cell autophagy was mediated via mTOR in H9C2 cells. In summary, elevated serum miR‐3129‐5p contributes to CHD by targeting mTOR signaling and may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of CHD.
MiR‐10a‐5p restrains the aggressive phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting HOXA1
Authors: Liu Li‐Jun , Sun Xiao‐Yan , Yang Chen‐Xi , Zou Xiao‐Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in human ovarian carcinoma (OC). But the mechanism underlying miR‐10a‐5p in regulating the progression of OC need deeply explored. In the current study, we observed that miR‐10a‐5p was down‐expressed in OC samples and OC cell lines. In addition, miR‐10a‐5p restrained the viability, colony formation, migration ability and invasiveness of OC cells. We further ascertained Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) was a downstream gene of miR‐10a‐5p. Furthermore, HOXA1 was distinctly upregulated in OC samples. Finally, upregulation of HOXA1 abolished the suppressive effects of miR‐10a‐5p on OC cells. These observations suggested that miR‐10a‐5p suppressed the aggressive phenotypes of OC cells via regulating HOXA1.
Future thinking: A marketing perspective on reducing wildlife crime
Authors: Rayburn Steven W. , Anderson Sidney , Sierra Jeremy J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses how, using both a futures studies perspective and social contract theory, marketing is uniquely positioned to help reduce crimes against wildlife. The futures studies perspective involves predicting probable, preferable, and possible futures. Moreover, marketers have an obligation (i.e., a social contract) to society—wildlife included—to meet consumer needs through well‐rounded, morally robust strategies. Using face‐to‐face and digital data collection methods, a broad set of consumers were asked about their perspectives on the future wildlife. Grounded theory was used to analyze responses until a point of thematic saturation. The results indicate that consumers take a broad, inclusive view of wildlife crime. Participants describe the immediate probable future where micro‐, meso‐, and macrolevel wildlife crimes persist, and a preferred future of wildlife, including among others, reduced wildlife crime, decreased animal cruelty, and human–wildlife symbiosis. Respondents expressed a desire to reduce what they view as wildlife crime and presented viable paths to reduce such crimes. Theoretical and managerial implications are offered.
Reducing crimes against wildlife through promoting animal–human continuity beliefs: The role of consumers' religiosity
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWildlife crime is a worldwide issue, but marketing research has been mostly silent on the topic. In particular, research has yet to understand how a consumer's level of religiosity may help to explain views toward and participation in crimes against wildlife. Thus, through three studies, these challenges are addressed. Study 1 shows that religiosity positively influences acceptability views and participation in crimes against wildlife, and this relationship is mediated by animal–human continuity beliefs (i.e., believing animals and humans are one of the same). Study 2 primes religion to show that religiously primed consumers are more likely to view crimes against wildlife as acceptable, thereby supporting religiosity as a primary mechanism in explaining crimes against wildlife. Additionally, animal–human continuity beliefs again mediate this relationship, with religiously primed consumers reporting lower animal–human continuity beliefs. Lastly, Study 3 provides practical implications through marketing messaging aimed at reducing attitudes toward and participation in crimes against wildlife. Findings reveal that religious‐based messaging is the most effective. Findings build on belief congruence theory and provide implications for marketing practice and the preservation of wildlife.