bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The optical spectrum of Aluminum nanoparticles prepared by a laser ablation technique in the liquid
Authors: Ali Al-Kifaie Abbas. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This is research were study an effect of changing an energy of laser and study of an optical properties from aluminum nanoparticle (NPs) processe by a laser ablation technique is present in deionized a water. The results showed absorption at the wavelength 225 and 223 (nm) and increase in absorption with energy because increase in density and number of particles.
Materials recognition based on electromagnetic metamaterial absorber
Authors: Al-badri Khalid Saeed Lateef , Lateef Omar S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, squire ring resonator structure (SRR), which can be used as an materials sensor based on electromagnetic metamaterials absorber in microwave S-band regime. The SRR is contain squire copper ring and hole on the top, FR4 in the middle layer and copper film at the bottom. The sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the material type was numerically examined in the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) environment. In these analyzes, the hole dielectric constant of material was changed from 4.3 to 1. Within the three different materials (FR4, oil and vacuum). It is shown that the absorption wavelength displays worthy blue-shift with the increasing dielectric constant of material. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the sensitivity of SRR is very good, which makes SRR structure be an ideal detection for material type.
Impact Rainfall on the Aerosols Optical Thickness over Selected Stations in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taai Osama T. , Nassif Wedyan G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Aerosols Optical Thickness (AOT) and rainfall are important factors in the physical processes that occur in the atmosphere, such as absorption and dispersion of solar radiation and precipitation composition, and thus affect the radiation balance and water balance in the atmosphere. The methods used in the study depend on the monthly and yearly mean of the aerosol and sum of rainfall, taken from the European Mediterranean Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the time period (2008-2018), for selected stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, Basra). The largest value of the aerosol index was recorded in Basra, and the lowest value was recorded in Mosul the highest value of rainfall recorded in Mosul, and the lowest value in Basra. The relationship between the aerosol index and rainfall is a ten-year inverse relationship for the selected areas (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, and Basra).
Annual Committed Effective dose as a result of daily Consumption of Medicinal Herbs in Iraq
Authors: Alkufi Abdulhussein A , Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Knowledge Expertise of radioactivity levels in the human diet is very important to estimating potential radiological risks to human health. During this research gamma ray spectroscopy technique was used to measure the awareness and amount of the annual effective dose (Eave) due to Uranium, Thorium and Potassium and the lifetime risk factor for cancer (ELCR) in forty samples, of the most widely used medicinal herbs in Iraq and evaluation of ingested doses through herbs consumption, the estimated total annual effective dose received of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium due to the population’s consumption of medicinal herbs ranges (0.0124-0.9632) with a mean (0.1502), (0.0024-5.7334) with a mean (0.4750), (0.8324-7.9970) with a mean (2.9349) in units (μSv/y) respectively, while the lifetime risk factor for cancer was ranges (0.0291-0.2798) with a mean (0.1026). All results indicate that they are within the permissible limits for medical and food use, and when comparing the results with IAEA publications and international and Arab research, it was found that they are significantly less than the permissible global range and therefore do not pose a threat to human health also can be considered as database of these herbs in the future.
Mixing two Organic Dyes to Improvement Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Hassan Adnan F. , Jamil Taghreed N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The solar cell efficiency has been improved by using concentrators having mixing two organic dyes; Pyranine and Triglyceride for Oleic acid. The efficiency of the silicon solar cell was measured before and after mixing.
A Big improvement was noticed in the solar cell efficiency from (21.57) to (34.16). Also, the (fluorescence & absorption), stokes shift (Δη), radiated lifetime (τ
fm
), fluorescence lifetime (τ
f
) and quantum efficiency (Q
fm
) was calculated.
Comparison between the gold nanoparticles prepared by chemically and laser ablation method
Authors: AbdUl Aziz Salah M. , Almusawe A. J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Noble metal gold nanoparticles were prepared by tow method. The first method gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) synthesised by the reduction of chloroauric acid ( HAuCl4) with a solution for sodium borohydride. The second method the gold mineral plates were ablation by pulsed laser when it was immersed in filtered H2O. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by using UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectra in the visible regions of the gold nanoparticles appear intense absorptions a result of surface plasmon resonance (spr) vibrations in noble mineral nanoparticles. From X-ray diffraction and TEM tests the particle size for the laser ablation method calculated was found to be lie between (15- 20 nm) and for chemical method approximately lie between (13-16 nm).
A study of Boron Concentration in samples which are taken from the waters of the Shatt al-Arab River in Basrah Governorates (Southern Iraq) by using ICP-OES Technique
Authors: Salman Thaer M. , Habeeb Ali F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research aims to know the boron concentration in samples taken from water which collected from the river of Shatt al-Arab. It passage through Faw and Abu Al-khaseeb district in Basrah governorate located in southern Iraq. The measurements were made by analyzing the samples were taken from 24 different sites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Technique. The concentration of Boron in the study was Between (0.30206) ppm in (Al-Doweb) and (1.1918) ppm in (near of Abadan refinery) within the Shatt al-Arab. The results of this research can be used to help implement the water quality standard by the competent departments in order to keep water sources free from pollution. The study showed that the boron concentration is most samples taken from the studied sites are not high, with the exception of some samples that may indicate the possibility of pollution in the future may pose a danger to humans and the environment.
Chemical Toxicity Risk Assessment of Uranium in the Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plant (GNDTPP) of Bathinda City, India
Authors: Alrakabi Muhanad , Kumar Sanjeev , Mehta Devineder 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Uranium can be released into the environment from various activities such as the use of phosphate fertilizers, combustion of coal in thermal power plants, mining, and depleted uranium used in the wars. One of the talked about sources for such water contamination in Bathinda city is the fly ash from the coal-fired thermal power plants. To assess the role of fly ash and Chemical toxicity risk associated with uranium from the fly ash to the water, the coal, dry fly ash, ash slurry and water samples collected from the surrounding of Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant (GNDTPP) in the Bathinda city of Punjab state, India. The samples were analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence set up. In the present work, we found that uranium concentrations in the dry fly ash and coal samples were higher than permissible limit i.e. < 2 ppm but the concentrations in the ash slurry and water samples was below the safe limit of 30 μg l−1 as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The 38Sr concentrations are also found to be 0.103-1.210 ppm and with average value 0.576 ppm in the various types of water in surrounding of the thermal power plant. The concentrations of 42Mo are found to be 0.002-0.050 ppm and the average value 0.022 ppm below the safe limit of 0.07 mg/l as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012). Chemical toxicity risk calculated in the form of lifetime average daily dose (LAAD) and hazard quotient. The lifetime average daily dose (LAAD) values of ash slurry and water samples were found to be lower than WHO (2011) recommended level of 1 μg kg−1 d−1, and the values of hazard quotient of the study samples were found to be lower than unity expect dry fly ash and coal samples were higher than permissible limit. The present study is concluded that uranium contamination in water of Bathinda city is not due to the Thermal Power Plant, and there is indicating no chemical toxicity risk due to uranium from the fly ash to the water.
WBCs detection depending based on a binary conversion of the color component in a Ycbcr color space
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H. , Daway Hazim G. , Jouda Jamela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Detection of white blood cells (WBCs) automatically is an important issue that has many applications in the field of medical imaging, in this research, we tend to detect white blood cells depending on the Ycbcr color space. The proposed method has been used for the binary conversion of color compounds cbcr depending on the certain threshold limits. In the experimental results from microscopy images of blood samples, the proposed algorithm was compared with several other algorithms for detection by using a quality scale that compares manual cell count with automatic detection of algorithms where the proposed algorithm obtained a high distinction accuracy reached to 100% compared to other methods.
Ions energy loss measurements in low and high temperature plasma
Authors: Ahmed Baida M. , Sultan Murtadha Faaiz , Hasan Abbas Kamal , Ahmad Shayma Muhsen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stopping power due to collisions ions with free and bound electrons in a plasma targets, is analyzed dependent on the classical-Bohr and quantized-Bloch for different temperatures. The energy loss and stopping power of ions calculated by using dielectric formalism

∈

−
1

(

q
,

q
→

⋅

v
→

)

and study different affects plasma parameters on the movement ions channeling in plasma target, at low (1, 1.5) eV and high (103) eV temperatures, density (ne=1020 ) cm–3 and Debye length (λD = 0.2) a.u. The results are obtained for dielectric function equation. Showed the sopping power and energy loss dependent on the plasma parameters and movement ions increases about 30%.
The Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Speed of Healing of Wounds Similar to battle wounds
Authors: Reath Tayiba , Humud Hammad R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cold plasma has been successfully applied in several fields of medicine. Previous studies have provided evidence that plasma supports the healing of wounds. This work was done to study the effect of cold plasma on the speed of wounds recovery for wounds Similar to battle wounds implemented on rats. The rats were divided into four groups; the control group was injured and left untreated, in order to compare it with the groups that were treated. And the second group was treated with penicillin only Six hours after applying the wound. And the third group was treated with an argon plasma jet immediately after the wound is applied and polluted with dust. The fourth group was treated with penicillin and plasma, the plasma was used immediately, but the penicillin was used after six hours. The wound was 1 cm long and 0.5 mm deep. The rats were treated by plasm jet for three days 15 minutes per day, and the penicillin was used daily once according to the protocol. The wounds were photographed as soon as they were performed; it was visually monitored, and documented with photos after three days, seven days, and fourteen days later. It was found that wounds treated with plasma and penicillin are the best case of treatment with penicillin alone or with plasma alone, and treatment with plasma alone is better than treatment with penicillin alone. Where the wound size was became smaller and fully healed. That was by comparison with the control group that was left untreated. From this we can conclude that plasma is a possible way to speed of healing of wounds similar to battle wounds.
Preparation of Polymer Nano-composite Materials to Sensing and Absorption Harmful Waves
Authors: Al-Mamoori Ammar Yahya , Hadi Najlaa Mohamed , Al-Nesrawy Sameer Hassan , Al-Issue Jassim Mohammed , Al-Maamori Mohammed Hamza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, prepared nano-composite materials to absorption and sensing harmful waves for human health, it made of polyester were prepared with a fixation hardener ratio of 0.1 g per 10 ml of polyester. This percentage was constant in all samples and addition of both chlorophyll(CLL) and lead oxide (PbO<100nm) as well as lead oxide with chlorophyll by weight percentage (0.2,0.5, 0.2 (CLL) with 0.5(PbO)wt.% receptivity, then study coefficient of loss of reflectivity of all samples where the results indicated that most prepared materials correct for use attenuation materials of microwaves where is the reflection coefficient of all samples larger than (10dB) this show that absorption of composite materials consistence larger than 90%, then study reflection coefficient and also definition complex permittivity in the range frequencies (3-5)GHz were observed that value of the complex permittivity larger than one(μR
> 1).
Computer Simulation of MPPT Converter to Control PV Panel-Battery System
Authors: Raji Shahad , Kubba Zainab M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research intends to build and simulate a small renewable energy system consists of PV panel, lead-acid battery, and bidirectional DC-DC converter. Bidirectional Buck-Boost converter was used to regulating the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery and vice versa. It operates a Buck converter which charges the battery from the PV panel when State of charge (SOC) reaches less than 0.4. The battery needs 100 ms to charge from 12.2 V to 13 V with duty cycle 0.5 and 1 A. Also work as a Boost converter when SOC reaches 1 the battery was discharge for 100 ms and SOC decreases from 1 to 0.4.A PSPICE PV panel model (consists of 20 solar cells, 12 V and 60 W maximum power at 25 °C with 1000 W/m2solar irradiation) has been used as a source of energy to the power circuit. The output of PV panel relates to Boost converter, which is the key for changing the PV’s terminal voltage to track the maximum power, it was rising a PV panel voltage from 10 V to 22 V for all variation of surface temperature from 300 K to 350 K at frequency 10 kHz and ΔVo = 1.1 V.
Determination of radon gas concentration 222Rn from rock models of selected oil wells from Basra oil fields - Iraq
Authors: Ali Master A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, 56 rocks samples were taken from 8 welled oil wells from the oil fields in Basra Governorate - southern Iraq at deep depths of up to 3500m from the surface of the earth, to determine radon gas concentrations 222Rn emitted from the models of oil wells rocks. The Rational Application Developer (RAD7), an active measurement method, used rapid electronic technology. The results of this study showed that the largest concentration of radon gas in oil well rock (Rocks) is 53861Bq.m−3 in a rock sample at a depth of 3500 m from the Ru-205 well in the southern Rumaila oil field and the lowest concentration is248 Bq.m−3 in the rock sample. From WQ-94 well in West Qurna field. The effective annual dose that oil workers can be exposed to upon contact has been calculated to the highest concentration of radon gas 107.772 μSvh−1 which is higher than the permitted dose level 50 μSv h−1 proposed by the EPA in the United States, and may pose risks to the health of workers in Oil Fields, and therefore, measures must be taken to preserve the health and safety of workers. The possibility of developing cancer as a result of exposure to radon gas per million people was found to be high compared to the permissible limits (170-230) per million people previously.
Study of background radiation in soil and water samples from many regions from Al-Fallujah city
Authors: Mtlak Dhameer A. , Aumran Fadhil A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of the radiological background calculation, by characterizing the radio nuclides and calculating their specific efficacy in the environment of the city of Fallujah (water and surface soil), using the nuclear impact detector technique in the case. Seven samples of water were collected using the system (GBS ). Determine the concentration of uranium accounts based on comparison with standard models were used detector nuclear impact (CR-39) as a method for the detection of uranium in soil samples for study. The specific efficacy rate of the radon-222 antibody was very close to that of other studies. Knowing the level of natural and industrial radioactivity in the environment of the city of Fallujah using appropriate and different nuclear analysis methods and comparing the results of the measurements with the radiation ackground, which was previously studied and proved to be a radiation background. The results of radioactive material from the soil and water samples record the highest rate of uranium concentration in comparison with the standards reference of(ICRP) (International Commission Radiation Protection. The highest of background radiations of those regions were suffering of military operations. The total mean dose rate of the surveyed areas is found to be roughly thrice that of the world average, and found to be higher than that of other places compared with except. The Results of Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) measurements of natural radioactivity using contact autoradiography for the determination of uranium and non-contact autoradiography for radon emanation are presented.
Optical Limiting Properties of Nano-composite Gold Nanoparticles / Epoxy Resin
Authors: Raheem Azhr Abdulzuhraa , AL-Hamdani Ali H. , Madlool Rajaa A. , Abdulazeez Noor Zaid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, We prepared nanoparticles using the Turkevich process. The characterization of gold nanoparticles is carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Linear optical properties studied by UV-visible Spectroscopy. Investigation of the optical limiting properties (OL) of nanocomposite (AuNPs / Epoxy resin) at different thicknesses (2.5, 9, 10.5, 14.3, 20.5, and 34) μm is performed. The threshold and optical clamping were calculated from optical limiting operation implemented by the Z-scan technique using CW Nd: YAG laser at (532 nm). The samples showed low optical limiting thresholds, which can be demonstrated by the strong absorption of the two photons in these samples. The nanocomposite displays the lowest optical limiting threshold (66 mW) at a thickness (2.5) μm. We notice that the nonlinear light-induced absorption results in an optical limited.
Structural Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanocomposites based Conducting Polymer
Authors: Saleh Manal A. , Jawad Mohammed K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A simple, inexpensive, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique excimer source Nd:YAG laser was used for the preparation of the all films irradiation targets and deposite of nickel oxide NiO, polypyrrole PPy, carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT), [PPy:(f-MWCNT)] nanocomposite, [NiO/PPy:(f-MWCNT)] and [PPy:(f-MWCNT)/NiO] films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Surface morphology of all films and nanocomposite was investigated by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) display various morphology on the surface of the all films and nanocomposites, but the predominant structure is granular morphology, x-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the peaks of all films are broadening expect for PPy are sharp peaks, the optical absorbance spectra for the studied all films showed the maximum values around (425, 333, 347, and 397) nm refer to type transitions (π*-π) and (polaron-π*) and the maximum value of NiO around 346 nm. The optical energy gap of all films was determined and values around (2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2) eV. It has been observed that the measurements for films [NiO/PPy:(f- MWCNT)] and [PPy:(f-MWCNT)/NiO] may be identical and NiO nanoparticles are a good adhesion to nanocomposite films and interconnected in structure.
Improve the Performance of Porous Silicon for solar application by the embedding of Lithium Oxide nanoparticle
Authors: Abd Al Hussan Shahlaa M. , Bakr Nabeel A. , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present research concerns the manufacture of porous silicon (PSi) by means of electrochemical etching method at (10 mA.cm−2)current density and approximately 10 minute etching time. The porous silicone layer was investigated by XRD, AFM and FTIR, and then Li2O nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple chemical method. And freshly embedding three drops of (Li2O) solution using the drop casting technique on the 40°C porous silicon(n-Psi) method to produce the heterojunction Al / Li2O / PSi / Al. The results of current-voltage ( I-V) test showed that the solar cell’s maximum power conversion efficiency ( PCE) was 2.49% and thus the fill factor was 66.12%. A diffusion of Li2O NPs on PSi solar cell characteristics assures an improvement on their properties.
Metal type Effect on Plasmonic Fiber Properties
Authors: John Ali Hussein T. , Ammar Hashim A. , Yasser Hassan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the properties of plasmonic fiber have been studied, in which the core is one of the noble metals (Au,Ag,Cu,Al). The modes and the effective refractive index associated with each wavelength were derived using the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS based on the Finite Element Method. The electrical permetivity was studied using the relationship Lorentz derode to determine the real part for the refractive index and the imaginary part responsible for the attenuation coefficient. Where a frequency range was chosen to hold negative values for the real part. The results show that when drawing the relationship between (εr
) or (εi
) a function of the wavelength that gold has the highest value and then silver, copper and then aluminum, but in the case of (nr
) or (ni
) we notice that aluminum has the highest elements.
(neff
) has also drawn as a function of the wavelength, the four metals, and different of the core radius (a=100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for the three modes (LP
01,LP
11,LP
21) and the metal used. It is observed that increasing the mode index increases the lobes where the mode (LP
01) is one spot and the mode (LP11) is two spot and the mode (LP
21) is four spot,
where the power index increase is the increase in red and yellow color, and this applies to all modes. In other words, by controlling the radius of the core and wavelength, we can balance the ratio of power that propagation forward and backward. The refractive index (neff) has the highest value at small wavelengths and then begins to decrease with increasing wavelength, and has the highest value in the case of gold, then silver, then copper. Then aluminum, which is less than the rest of the elements.