bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective descriptive study of cranioplasty failure rates and contributing factors in novel 3D printed calcium phosphate implants compared to traditional materials
Authors: Koller Michael , Rafter Daniel , Shok Gillian , Murphy Sean , Kiaei Sheena , Samadani Uzma 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Failure rates with cranioplasty procedures have driven efforts to improve graft material and reduce reoperation. One promising allograft source is a 3D-printed titanium mesh with calcium phosphate filler. This study evaluated failure rates and pertinent characteristics of these novel 3D-grafts compared to traditional materials.

Methods
Sixty patients were retrospectively identified who underwent a cranioplasty between January 2015–December 2017. Specific data points related to graft failure were collected for all surgical admissions, from the primary injury to their most recent. These included, but were not limited to, initial physical exam findings, vitals, comorbid conditions, surgery length, estimated blood loss, incision type, and need for revision. Failure rates of 3D-printed allografts were compared to traditional grafts.

Results
A total of 60 subjects were identified who underwent 71 unique cranioplasty procedures (3D = 13, Synthetic = 12, Autologous = 46). There were 14 total failures, demonstrating a 19.7% overall failure rate. Specifically, 15.4% (n = 2) of 3D, 19.6% (n = 9) of autologous, and 25.0% (n = 3) of synthetic grafts required revision. Patients receiving 3D-grafts had the shortest overall mean surgery times (200.8 ± 54.3 min) and lowest infection rates (7.7%) compared to autologous (210.5 ± 47.9 min | 25.0%) and synthetic models (217.6 ± 77.3 min | 8.7%), though significance was unable to be determined. Tobacco use and trap-door incisions were associated with increased failure rates relative to straight or curved incisions in autologous grafts. Cranioplasties performed less than 3 months after craniectomy appeared to fail more often than those performed at least three months after craniectomy, for the synthetic group.

Conclusion
We concluded that 3D-printed cranioplasty grafts may lead to lower failure rates and shorter surgery times compared to traditional cranioplasty materials in our limited population. 3D-implants hold promise for cranial reconstruction after TBI.
Intraventricular neurocysticercosis presenting as Bruns’ syndrome: An uncommon presentation
Authors: Arshad Faheem , Rao Shilpa , Kenchaiah Raghavendra , Prasad Chandrajit , Shashidhar Abhinith 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Though parenchymal neurocysticercosis is common and a major contributor to burden of seizures in most parts of the world, intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC) comprises 10–20% of cases and poses a diagnostic challenge to the clinician.

Case presentation
We report an adult female presenting with intermittent occipital headache, used to be worse in lying down position, and aggravated with head movements, and there was mild relief in the sitting position. Her physical examination was unremarkable, and laboratory tests were within normal limits. Her multimodal neuroimaging showed cystic lesion in the fourth ventricle suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Patient underwent neuroendoscopic removal of the cyst, and the final diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology. Post removal of cyst patient had complete resolution of her symptoms.

Discussion
Intraventricular neurocysticercosis can present as acute hydrocephalus which may clinically manifest as Bruns’ syndrome in which sudden attacks of headache vertigo and nausea or vomiting are precipitated by abrupt head movements which was observed in our patient. Multimodal neuroimaging supported by histopathology helped in confirmation of the diagnosis, thus averting an inadvertent use of unnecessary medications in such patients. Furthermore, neuroendoscopy has evolved as minimally invasive technique for extirpation of fourth ventricular cysts.
Risk factors for early and late recurrent ischemic strokes
Authors: Elnady Hassan Mohammed , Mohammed Gharib Fawi , Elhewag Hazem Kamal , Mohamed Mohamed Khodery , Borai Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Nationally, information regarding risk factors for early and late recurrence of ischemic stroke is limited.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for early and late recurrent ischemic stroke.

Patients and methods
We prospectively compared data from 58 patients with early (within 1 year after the index stroke) recurrent ischemic stroke with 64 patients with late (1 year or more after the index stroke) recurrent ischemic stroke. Patients in the study were admitted to the Department of Neurology and Psychological Medicine, Sohag University Hospital, in the period between April 2017 and August 2017. The etiology of recurrent stroke was determined according to the TOAST classification. The presence of vascular risk factors was registered and compared in both groups.

Results
Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher among those with late recurrence compared to those with early recurrence (p = 0.026). Patients with early recurrent ischemic stroke were more likely to be aphasic (p = 0.047). Regarding the TOAST classification, small vessel disease and undetermined etiology were significantly higher among patients with late recurrence, while cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis were significantly higher among those with early recurrence (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
Patients with large artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism are at increased risk of early recurrence and warrant special efforts for secondary prevention.
New stroke prognostic factors
Authors: Elsheikh Wafeek M. , Alahmar Ibrahim E. , Salem Gelan Mahmoud , Matar Eman S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Understanding ischemic stroke pathogenesis helps in prevention, prognosis, and treatment. Stroke is greatly related to inflammation and thrombo-genesis as inflammatory cells (as neutrophils-lymphocytes) and thrombo-genic agents as von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF: Ag) and epicardial fat.

Objectives of the study
Evaluation of epicardial fat thickness (EFT), neutrophil/lymphocytic ratio (NLR), and (VWF: Ag) levels as predisposing and prognostic factors of ischemic stroke.

Patients and methods
Sixty acute ischemic stroke patients were subjected to clinical assessment (Oxford stroke sheet), National Institute Health Stroke Scale: NIHSS), Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), NLR and VWF: Ag levels, transthoracic echo, duplex on carotid and vertebro-basilar arteries, and brain computed tomography (CT). Thirty-five healthy controls matched for age and sex were subjected to the same steps except NIHSS and MRS.

Results
EFT, NLR, and VWF among patients were significantly higher than control group. NLR ≥ 2 and VWF: Ag were significant risk factors among stroke patients with VWF: Ag had the higher risk than NLR ≥ 2. NLR was a high valid prognostic marker in predicting stroke outcome (MRS) with (optimal cutoff value 2.05) for prediction of primary unfavorable outcome. There was no statistical significance between (MRS) and EFT or VWF: Ag level.

Conclusion
EFT represents inexpensive and readily available clinical marker that may be useful in estimating risk of ischemic stroke. NLR is non-expensive easy marker for predicting stroke severity and primary unfavorable outcome. High VWF level increases ischemic stroke risk.
Zinc-oxide and nano ZnO oxide effects on growth, some biochemical aspects, yield quantity, and quality of flax (Linum uitatissimum L.) in absence and presence of compost under sandy soil
Authors: Sadak Mervat Shamoon , Bakry Bakry Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Nanofertilizers have been provided a new efficient alternative to normal regular fertilizers. Nano-particles can help in increasing reactive points of these nanoparticles, which increases the absorption of these fertilizers in plants.

Materials and methods
Thus, a field experiment was conducted in sandy soil during two winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at experimental station of National conditions, El-Behira Governorate-Egypt. The objective of this study was the effect of ZnO as normal chelated micronutrient and ZnO as nanoparticle foliar application at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L, with two rates of compost (0.0 and 3.00 ton/fed) on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, yield, and chemical analysis of flax (Linum usitatissimum L cv., Sakha-2) plants.

Results
The obtained results showed that adding of compost to the sandy soil by 3.0 ton/fed, increased markedly growth parameters (shoot and root length (cm), fresh and dry weights (g), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total pigments (μg/g fresh wt)), free amino acids and proline (mg/100 g dry wt), total carbohydrate percentage, yield quantity and quality (technical shoot, fruiting zone lengths and plant height (cm), No. of fruiting branches/plant and No. of capsules/plant, weight of straw (g), weight of 1000 seeds (g), biological yield (kg/fed), seed yield (kg/fed), and straw yield (kg/fed)), oil percentage, and oil yield (kg/fed) compared to control treatments (without compost). Also, the obtained data clarified that applied foliar treatment with normal ZnO with rates 40 mg/L significantly increased the yield and all parameters of flax plant during studied growing seasons. The interaction between compost addition and different concentrations of either ZnO or nano ZnO revealed that different concentrations increased different studied parameters without or with the addition of compost to sandy soil as compared with untreated plants.

Conclusion
Treatment of flax plant with ZnO and nano ZnO improved the studied growth parameters, biochemical aspects, and consequent yield in the absence and presence of compost.
Clinical and neurophysiological correlation in axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Hewedi Kamel Mahmoud Ali , Monzer Mahmoud Abdelmoety , Sobh Khaled Mohammad , Aboelmakarem Mohammad Abdelhady M. , Mohammady Amir Abdelghaffar , Hasan Mahmoud Mohamad , Abdulsalam Mohammad Fathi , Helal Suzette Ibrahim Ibrahim Ibrahim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The neurophysiological examination provides valuable pathophysiological information for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of patients with polyneuropathy (Fuglsang- Fredriksen A., Pugdahl K. Clin Neurophysilogy 122:440–455, 2011). Nerve conduction study (NCS) is the most objective and reliable measure of peripheral nerve function and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of most neuropathies.

Aim of the study
To evaluate the clinical usefulness of nerve conduction study (NCS) in the differentiation between axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies.

Methods
In the present study, 125 patients with polyneuropathy were studied ranging age from 9 to 79 years. Thirty-six patients were classified as axonal polyneuropathy, 23 patients as demyelinating, and 9 as mixed, while 57 patients were classified as neuropathic. Nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) were performed using Nihon Kochden electromyography machine with surface recording and stimulating electrodes.

Results
There is statistically significant linear correlation between reduction in sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and decrease in sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of median and ulnar nerves. Also, there is statistically significant inverse correlation between reduction in compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude and increase in distal motor latency (DML). There is statistically significant linear correlation between reduction in compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude and decrease in motor conduction velocity (MCV). There is statistically significant linear correlation between reduction in compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude and decreased grade of power in both axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy; statistically significant linear correlation was found between decrease in conduction velocity and decrease in grade of power.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates significant correlation between amplitude reduction and conduction slowing in demyelinating as well as axonal polyneuropathy.
Effect of garlic extract, ascorbic acid and nicotinamide on growth, some biochemical aspects, yield and its components of three faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars under sandy soil conditions
Authors: Mohamed Magda H. , Badr Elham A. , Sadak Mervat Sh. , Khedr Howida H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGarlic extract is a highly nutritive value extract; it contains large number of important enzymes and more than 200 biochemical compounds such as antioxidants and vitamins. Ascorbic acid and nicotinamide are considered as antioxidants and also known as growth-regulating compounds that influence different physiological and biochemical processes in plants.MethodologyA field experiment was conducted in sandy soil during two successive seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Research and Production Station, National Research Centre, El-Nubaria Province, El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of foliar application of garlic extract (5%), ascorbic acid (200 ppm) and nicotinamide (50 ppm) compared with tap water on growth, some biochemical aspects, yield, yield components and some chemical components of three faba bean cultivars (Vicia fabaL, cv., Nubaria-1, Nubaria-2 and Giza-843).ResultsThe obtained results showed that Nubaria-1 was superior to Nubaria-2 and Giza-843 in all growth and yield criteria in the growing seasons except plant height was superior in Nubaria-2. Foliar treatment of garlic extract had the superiority effect in all characters of growth and yield and its components, and consequently increased significantly all yield criteria of Nubaria-1 cultivar. Data clearly showed that the effect of different treatments caused marked increases in photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, phenolics, carbohydrate constituents, free amino acids and proline contents of Nubaria 1 cultivar which was sprayed by garlic extract at 5% followed by nicotinamide and ascorbic acid, respectively.ConclusionsIn general, the current research suggested that garlic extract at 5% as a foliar application increased the quantity of faba bean cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions. Therefore, garlic extract at the rate of 5% and Nubaria1 encourage the farmers to use of garlic extract to give promising seed yield under reclaimed sandy soil.
Clinical and genetic relationships between the QTc interval and risk of a stroke among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Hong Myunghee , Chun Kyeong-Hyeon , Hwang Inseok , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives
A prolonged QTc interval is associated with an increased risk of a stroke or atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its direct causal relationship with AF associated a stroke has not been proven yet. To examine whether QTc interval is causally linked with risk of stroke in AF patients, we used the Mendelian randomization analysis.

Subjects and methods
Among 2742 patients (73.6% male; 58.2 ± 11.0 years old; 69.5% with paroxysmal AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation, we analyzed 1766 patients who had preablation sinus rhythm electrocardiograms off antiarrhythmic drugs after excluding amiodarone users. Among them, 1213 subjects had genome-wide association study dataset analyzable for the Mendelian randomization. We explored the mechanistic relationships between QTc interval (ms) and the risk of a stroke by analyzing the Mendelian randomization (1213 subjects) after reviewing 35 genetic polymorphisms associated with the QTc in 31 European descent studies.

Results
Among the patients in the higher quartile with a higher QTc, CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001), and age (p < 0.001), the proportions of a prior stroke (p < 0.001), females, heart failure, and persistent AF were significantly higher than in those in the lower quartile. The QTc was independently associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score (β, 4.63E−5; 95% confidence interval, 3.57E−6–8.90E−5; p = 0.034) and ischemic strokes (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.01; p = 0.027). However, there was no direct causal relationship between the QTc and CHA2DS2-VASc score or a prior stroke in either the one-sample or two-sample Mendelian randomizations.

Conclusion
The QTc was independently associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score and strokes among the patients with AF who underwent catheter ablation, despite no genetically direct causal relationship.
Pulmonary ct manifestations of COVID-19: changes within 2 weeks duration from presentation
Authors: Sultan Omar Muayad , Al-Tameemi Haider , Alghazali Dhia Mahdey , Abed Mohammed , Ghniem Muthana Naser Abu , Hawiji Dhaffer Abdullah , Alwateefee Enas Abdulhussain , Shubbar Hayder Dhajir Abbas , Tauah Amal Hussein , Ibraheem Nisreen Mohammed , Abdulwahab Ahmed D. , Abedtwfeq Raad Hefdhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the evaluation of COVID-19. This retrospective study aims to determine and compare the pulmonary changes in Iraqi patients with COVID-19 disease across the first two weeks after onset of symptoms using computerized tomography (CT) scan.
Ninety-six patients with COVID-19 disease were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of symptoms (the first group has been scanned within the first week of presentation while the second group has been scanned in the second week).

Results
The CT findings in the first and second group were as follows: ground glass opacity (GGO) were 94.3% vs. 88.5%, consolidation were 25.7% vs. 34.6%, broncho vascular thickening were 18.6% vs. 7.7%, crazy paving appearance were 15.7% vs. 3.8%, tree-in-bud appearance were 4.3% vs. 10.7%, pulmonary nodules were 5.1% vs. 7.7%, and bronchiectasis were 5.5% vs. 7.7%. Pleural effusion and cavitation were seen only in the first group (2.9% and 1.4% respectively).
The distribution of CT changes across the two groups were as follows: bilateral changes were 85.7% vs. 100%; central distribution were 11.4% vs. 11.5%; peripheral distribution were 64.3% vs. 42.3%, and diffuse (central and peripheral) distribution were 24.3% vs. 46.2% while multilobar distribution were 70% vs. 80.8%.

Conclusion
The type, extent, and distributions of pulmonary manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection are significantly different between the two groups who have been scanned in different stages of the disease.
Growth spillover: a spatial dynamic panel data and spatial cross section data approaches in selected Asian countries
Authors: Amidi Sahar , Fagheh Majidi Ali , Javaheri Bakhtiar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the most fundamental issues worldwide is the economic interdependence of countries which affects their economic growth. Some new growth theorists such as Mankiw et al., Islam, Ertur and Koch, Lee, Yu and Yu Ho et al. consider geographical proximity and trade as spatial variables. This study aims to investigate the spatial effects of geographical distance on economic growth using the spatial dynamic panel data model and the spatial cross section data model for the period 1992–2016 in selected Asian countries. The findings demonstrate that the effect of spatial spillover or spatial dependency is one of the main causes of economic growth spillovers. In the spatial dynamic panel data model, log of gross domestic product (GDP), gross fixed capital formation and growth rate of labor force had negative, positive and negative impacts on economic growth, respectively. In the spatial cross-sectional data models including human capital, log of GDP, gross fixed capital formation and growth rate of labor force had negative impacts on economic growth, while in a model without human capital log of GDP, gross fixed capital formation and growth rate of labor force, respectively, had positive and negative effects on economic growth.
Perspective of Oncology Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Observational Study From India
Authors: Ghosh Joydeep , Ganguly Sandip , Mondal Debapriya , Pandey Prashant , Dabkara Deepak , Biswas Bivas 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed a unique challenge to oncology patients and their treatment. There is no study related to the patients’ preference for systemic therapy during this pandemic. We have conducted a prospective study to analyze that aspect. METHODS All consecutive patients who visited during the lockdown period from April 1-10, 2020, for systemic chemotherapy were included in the study for a questionnaire-based survey to evaluate the willingness to continue chemotherapy during this pandemic and factors influencing the decisions. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were included (median age, 56 years; range, 21-77 years). Most common sites of cancer were breast (n = 114), lung (n = 44), ovary (n = 34), and colon (n = 20). Home address was within the city for 125 patients (42%), outside the city for 138 (46%), and outside the state for 37 (12%). Treatment was curative in 150 patients and palliative in 152. Educational status was primary and above for 231 patients and no formal schooling for 71. A total of 203 patients wanted to continue chemotherapy, 40 wanted to defer, and 56 wanted the physician to decide. Knowledge about COVID-19 strongly correlated with intent of treatment ( P = .01), disease status ( P = .02), knowledge about immunosuppression ( P < .001), home location ( P = .02), and education status ( P = .003). The worry about catching SARS-CoV-2 was high in those with controlled disease ( P = .06) and knowledge about immunosuppression ( P = .02). Worry about disease progression was more with palliative intent ( P < .001). CONCLUSION This study shows that oncology patients in our country are more worried about disease progression than the SARS-CoV-2 and wish to continue chemotherapy during this pandemic. The treatment guidelines in the COVID-19 scenario should incorporate patients’ perspectives.