bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste Recycling in Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Bahrami Amin , Schierning Gabi , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) technology enables the efficient conversion of waste heat generated in homes, transport, and industry into promptly accessible electrical energy. Such technology is thus finding increasing applications given the focus on alternative sources of energy. However, the synthesis of TE materials relies on costly and scarce elements, which are also environmentally damaging to extract. Moreover, spent TE modules lead to a waste of resources and cause severe pollution. To address these issues, many laboratory studies have explored the synthesis of TE materials using wastes and the recovery of scarce elements from spent modules, e.g., utilization of Si slurry as starting materials, development of biodegradable TE papers, and bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from spent TE modules. Yet, the outcomes of such work have not triggered sustainable industrial practices to the extent needed. This paper provides a systematic overview of the state of the art with a view to uncovering the opportunities and challenges for expanded application. Based on this overview, it explores a framework for synthesizing TE materials from waste sources with efficiencies comparable to those made from raw materials.
Efficient photothermal conversion of Fe2O3–RGO guided from ultrafast quenching effect of photoexcited state
Authors: Zhang Yuang , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen , Jin Xin , Tang Bingtao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn solar thermal utilization, effective photo capture and photothermal conversion are crucial. Improving the nonradiative transition rate of photoexcited electrons is important to enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency and develop efficient solar thermal utilization. Herein, we designed a new kind of light absorption‐enhanced and efficient photothermal conversion material, namely, Fe2O3‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Fe2O3–RGO). On the basis of the selective absorption (350–560 nm) of Fe2O3 and the synergistic effect of RGO on the quenching energy transfer of the excited state of Fe2O3 and ultrafast nonradiative thermal decay of RGO, the optical absorption capacity, and photothermal conversion efficiency of the composites were effectively improved. Fe2O3–RGO can be successfully applied to photothermal conversion phase change materials and seawater solar desalination, showing excellent photothermal conversion ability and application prospect.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Homoallylic α‐Tertiary NH2‐Amines by Reactions Facilitated by a Threonine‐Based Boron‐Containing Catalyst
Authors: Fager Diana C. , Morrison Ryan J. , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA method for catalytic regio‐ and enantioselective synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐substituted and aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, alkenyl‐, and alkynyl‐substituted homoallylic α‐tertiary NH2‐amines is introduced. Easy‐to‐synthesize and robust N‐silyl ketimines are converted to NH‐ketimines in situ, which then react with a Z‐allyl boronate. Transformations are promoted by a readily accessible l‐threonine‐derived aminophenol‐based boryl catalyst, affording the desired products in up to 91 % yield, >98:2 α:γ selectivity, >98:2 Z:E selectivity, and >99:1 enantiomeric ratio. A commercially available aminophenol may be used, and allyl boronates, which may contain an alkyl‐, a chloro‐, or a bromo‐substituted Z‐alkene, can either be purchased or prepared by catalytic stereoretentive cross‐metathesis. What is more, Z‐trisubstituted allyl boronates may be used. Various chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselective transformations of the α‐tertiary homoallylic NH2‐amine products highlight the utility of the approach; this includes diastereo‐ and regioselective epoxide formation/trichloroacetic acid cleavage to generate differentiated diol derivatives.
A Reduced‐Symmetry Heterobimetallic [PdPtL4]4+ Cage: Assembly, Guest Binding, and Stimulus‐Induced Switching
Authors: Lisboa Lynn S. , Findlay James A. , Wright L. James , Hartinger Christian G. , Crowley James D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA strategy is presented that enables the quantitative assembly of a heterobimetallic [PdPtL4]4+ cage. The presence of two different metal ions (PdII and PtII) with differing labilities enables the cage to be opened and closed selectively at one end upon treatment with suitable stimuli. Combining an inert PtII tetrapyridylaldehyde complex with a suitably substituted pyridylamine and PdII ions led to the assembly of the cage. 1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry data were consistent with the quantitative formation of the cage, and the heterobimetallic structure was confirmed using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The structure of the host–guest adduct with a 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone guest molecule was determined. Addition of N,N′‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) resulted in the formation of the open‐cage [PtL4]2+ compound and [Pd(DMAP)4]2+ complex. This process could then be reversed, with the reformation of the cage, upon addition of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH).
Multiple Catalytic C−H Bond Functionalization for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Baudoin Olivier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, multiple catalytic C−H bond functionalization has been successfully applied in natural product synthesis as a strategy to reduce the number of steps, increase overall yield and employ more easily available starting materials. This minireview presents selected examples making use of multiple C−H bond functionalization in conceptually different ways. First, linear syntheses are discussed, wherein multiple C−H functionalization is employed either from simple (hetero)cyclic cores, at a late stage, or to build polycyclic systems. Second, the use of multiple C−H functionalization as a strategic tool in convergent synthesis to access and couple complex fragments is discussed. Information on the scalability of the employed methods is provided when available. The presented cases indicate that multiple C−H functionalization strategies should play a great role to shape the future synthesis of functional complex molecules with improved sustainability.
Ultrafast, Low‐Cost, and Mass Production of High‐Quality Graphene
Authors: Sun Zhuxing , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFast, mass, and low‐cost production of high‐quality graphene, which is alluring, remains a great challenge, even though some approaches have shown potential for mass synthesis of graphene. Very recently a great breakthrough was made by Tour and co‐workers (Nature 2020, 577, 647–651): in just a second, easily exfoliated and highly crystalline graphene was produced from abundant carbon‐containing species by cost‐effective flash Joule heating with a low energy input of 7.2 kJ per gram graphene. Such an ultrafast, economic, and scalable process for high‐quality graphene production can be considered as a milestone in the graphene field and is highlighted in this article.
Multi‐Electron Reactions Enabled by Anion‐Based Redox Chemistry for High‐Energy Multivalent Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Li Zhenyou , Vinayan Bhaghavathi P. , Jankowski Piotr , Njel Christian , Roy Ananyo , Vegge Tejs , Maibach Julia , Lastra Juan Maria García , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of multivalent metal (such as Mg and Ca) based battery systems is hindered by lack of suitable cathode chemistry that shows reversible multi‐electron redox reactions. Cationic redox centres in the classical cathodes can only afford stepwise single‐electron transfer, which are not ideal for multivalent‐ion storage. The charge imbalance during multivalent ion insertion might lead to an additional kinetic barrier for ion mobility. Therefore, multivalent battery cathodes only exhibit slope‐like voltage profiles with insertion/extraction redox of less than one electron. Taking VS4 as a model material, reversible two‐electron redox with cationic–anionic contributions is verified in both rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) and rechargeable Ca batteries (RCBs). The corresponding cells exhibit high capacities of >300 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 in both RMBs and RCBs, resulting in a high energy density of >300 Wh kg−1 for RMBs and >500 Wh kg−1 for RCBs. Mechanistic studies reveal a unique redox activity mainly at anionic sulfides moieties and fast Mg2+ ion diffusion kinetics enabled by the soft structure and flexible electron configuration of VS4.
Adaptive backstepping control for autonomous shipboard landing of a quadrotor with input saturation
Authors: Huang Yanting , Zhu Ming , Sun Liang , Zheng Zewei , Jin Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel autonomous shipboard landing control algorithm of a quadrotor subject to external disturbances and input saturation. A coupled six‐degrees‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) nonlinear relative motion model is derived to facilitate the controller design. To overcome the under‐actuated property of the quadrotor and avoid collision, the shipboard landing process is cooperatively completed by a relative position controller (RPC) and a relative attitude‐altitude controller (RAC). The RPC is proposed for use when the quadrotor is far away from the ship, aiming to drive the quadrotor to the vicinity of the ship. The RAC is used for the situation when the quadrotor is close enough to the ship to land the quadrotor on the ship steadily. An adaptive backstepping technique is proposed for both RPC and RAC, where unknown bounds of the lump disturbances are estimated online by the adaptive laws. To satisfy the input constraint requirement, a smooth model is employed to describe the control input saturation. Stability analysis proves that all states of the closed‐loop systems are uniformly ultimately bounded. A numerical example verifies the performance of the control approach.
Diurnal variation of the duration and environment for heavy rainfall during the warm season in South China
Authors: Zhong Shui‐xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article aims to examine the diurnal variation of heavy rainfall (HR) for various intensities and investigate duration and environment of HR during the warm season over South China. Results show that the HR mainly occurred in the late afternoon over most regions of Guangdong Province (GD) and east of Guangxi Province (GX), as well as the nocturnal‐to‐morning rainfall over the mountainous regions of northwestern GX and contiguous regions among GD. It exhibited two diurnal peaks in the early morning and in the late afternoon. HR which mostly occurred during the late afternoon by 1,700–1,900 LST exhibited longer durations (3–4 hr). The enhanced southerly wind and northerly wind over the mountainous, as well as the enhancement associated with strong horizontal surface‐temperature gradient due to surface heating and stronger vertical wind shear in the lower troposphere, contributed to the high‐frequency occurrences of the rainfall in the late afternoon.
Abiraterone acetate plus Prednisone/Prednisolone compared with Enzalutamide in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer before or after chemotherapy: A retrospective study of real‐world data (ACES)
Authors: Das Prantik , Taylor Sarah , Price James , Jones Michael , Martin‐Fernandez Cristina , Ali Akram , Mugunthan Thangrarajh , Mallik Chandrani , Ward Colin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbiraterone acetate combined with Prednisone/Prednisolone (AA+P) and Enzalutamide (ENZ) have proven survival benefit in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in chemotherapy‐naïve and prior chemotherapy patients. There have been no studies directly comparing the effectiveness of ENZ to AA+P in mCRPC patients.MethodsA retrospective, survival analysis study of 143 real‐world mCRPC patients (90 in AA+P and 53 in ENZ group) was conducted. Patients who started their treatment between February 2012 and May 2016 were included. The primary end point was biochemical progression‐free survival (bPFS). Secondary end points were radiological progression‐free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS). Toxicity data were also collected. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) models, adjusting for covariates: prior radical treatment; Gleason score; prostate‐specific antigen; age; and chemotherapy naïve or not.ResultsAfter median follow‐up of 15 months (interquartile range 7 to 23), 112 events of biochemical progression were observed (71 in AA+P and 41 in ENZ). About 41% in AA+P group and 30% patients in ENZ group received prior chemotherapy. The chance of biochemical progression was significantly lower among ENZ patients than AA+P patients, when adjusting for all covariates in the Cox PH model (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35 to 0.82, P = .004). There was a trend implying the chance of rPFS could be higher among ENZ patients than AA+P patients (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.02, P = .4). There is no difference in OS between ENZ and AA+P patients, when adjusting for all covariates in the Cox PH model (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.41, P = .7). About 38% of ENZ patients reported fatigue compared to 16% of AA+P patients, while hypertension was reported slightly more in AA+P patients.ConclusionsThis study showed a statistically significant difference in bPFS, favoring ENZ, but no significant difference in rPFS or OS.
A mass spectrometry‐based high‐throughput screening method for engineering fatty acid synthases with improved production of medium‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Xue Pu , Si Tong , Mishra Shekhar , Zhang Linzixuan , Choe Kisurb , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Zhao Huimin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrobial cell factories have been extensively engineered to produce free fatty acids (FFAs) as key components of crucial nutrients, soaps, industrial chemicals, and fuels. However, our ability to control the composition of microbially synthesized FFAs is still limited, particularly, for producing medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This is mainly due to the lack of high‐throughput approaches for FFA analysis to engineer enzymes with desirable product specificity. Here we report a mass spectrometry (MS)‐based method for rapid profiling of MCFAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using membrane lipids as a proxy. In particular, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐ToF) MS was used to detect shorter acyl chain phosphatidylcholines from membrane lipids and a higher m/z peak ratio at 730 and 758 was used as an indication for improved MCFA production. This colony‐based method can be performed at a rate of ~2 s per sample, representing a substantial improvement over gas chromatography‐MS (typically >30 min per sample) as the gold standard method for FFA detection. To demonstrate the power of this method, we performed site‐saturation mutagenesis of the yeast fatty acid synthase and identified nine missense mutations that resulted in improved MCFA production relative to the wild‐type strain. Colony‐based MALDI‐ToF MS screening provides an effective approach for engineering microbial fatty acid compositions in a high‐throughput manner.
eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuling , Sun Hongri , Qi Xiaoguang , Zhou Minfeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEndothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases, but the results of already published studies regarding relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases were still controversial.MethodsThe authors performed this meta‐analysis to estimate relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in a larger pooled population by combing the results of already published related studies. The authors searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI for already published studies.ResultsEighteen already published studies were pooled analyzed in this meta‐analysis. The pooled meta‐analyses results showed that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism was significantly associated with predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians (dominant comparison: OR = 0.77, p = .01; overdominant comparison: OR = 1.24, p = .04; allele comparison: OR = 0.78, p = .006) Nevertheless, the pooled meta‐analyses did not reveal any positive results for eNOS rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggested that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism, but not rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms, might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians.
Is person‐centred counselling effective when assisting young people who have experienced bullying in schools?
Authors: Jones Callum 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of bullying on children have profoundly been researched; however, there is a gap in research on how therapy can assist children who are bullied. The aim of this research was to understand how person‐centred therapy may assist individuals who are being bullied within the school environment.MethodologyPerson‐centred therapy was chosen as it is the author's profession. When pursuing his master's degree and the allied research programme, the author conducted the therapy. This research was performed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The researcher worked with four research participants, and the contributors were individuals who had left school due to childhood bullying. The participants also underwent person‐centred therapy to work through the issues that bullying had caused them. A series of interviews were conducted with the participants using pre‐decided questions. These interviews were then transcribed, and key themes were found within the text.The themes, and the subordinate themes, include the following:Childhood bullying in the context of the experience of support, and the absence of support leading to trauma.Bullying as a multifaceted experience, and bullying as an emotional communication.Childhood bullying and its association to adult mental health and adult experiences of anxiety.How person‐centred counselling helped participants, and gaining support in schools.ConclusionsThe article found that in the school environment a lack of emotional support added to the trauma that the victims experienced from bullying. Bullying was experienced individually, but each participant reported it being an emotional way of communicating. The bullying the participants experienced during school lead to mental health problems in adulthood, the most reported mental health condition was anxiety. Finally, the article explored how the person‐centred approach assisted participants, whilst most participants found the approach to be very useful. A few participants believed that the limitations of the person‐centred approach lead to less exploration, many wished for techniques to help them cope with their bullying experiences something that CBT might be more adequate for.
The Child Protection in Sport Unit – Supporting National Governing Bodies in Hearing the Voices of Children: An Evaluation of Current Practice
Authors: Everley Suzanne 
Published: March 2020

Sporting environments provide contexts in which a range of abuses of children has occurred. While there is an increasing awareness of the need to improve child protection in sport, the extent to which listening to children's voices can support this has yet to be explored. This paper reports on research commissioned by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's Child Protection in Sport Unit to understand the way in which the expression of children's voices is facilitated in sport. Thirty‐four national governing bodies of sport in the UK responded to an electronic questionnaire exploring expression of children's voices in their organisations. Findings indicate that challenges concern: children's perceived lack of interest; confidence in self‐expression; time, resources and logistics; organisational culture and attitudinal change. ‘Good practice’ was identified in: formal structural communications; tailoring contributions to interests and strengths; use of primary research; and sharing ideas remotely. The projected value of listening to children's voices includes understanding children's perspectives and identification of potential concerns. The expression of children's voices is of value to national governing bodies in sport and there is potential for this to prevent elements of abuse in sport.Key Practitioner Messages

National governing bodies of sport believe that the expression of children's voices in sport can positively inform child protection practice.
Material and cultural limitations can prevent the expression of children's voices.
There is potential for an embedded expression of children's voices that could support intervention prior to abuse occurring.
Physicochemical and functional properties of medium‐sized broken rice kernels and their potential in instant rice production
Authors: Bruce Rebecca M. , Atungulu Griffiths G. , Sadaka Sammy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesMedium‐sized broken rice (brokens) is the most abundant fraction of brokens from the rice milling process. This research seeks to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of medium‐sized broken rice, their potential in instant rice production, and effects of aging on the properties. Medium‐sized brokens from rough rice (XL753) dried at three different drying temperatures (25, 45, and 60°C) were stored for 6 months at 0 and 25°C representing nonaged and aged samples, respectively. Instant rice was produced by cooking and drying the brokens after storage. The physicochemical and functional properties of raw (noninstantized) and instantized rice from the brokens were determined.FindingsRice aging had significant impacts on pasting properties of raw medium‐sized brokens. Aged samples had consistently higher trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and pasting temperature than nonaged samples across all drying temperatures. Aging status had a significant impact on whiteness index and oil absorption capacity of brokens. There was no significant effect of aging on protein content, bulk density, water absorption capacity, and emulsification capacity of raw brokens. Rehydrated instant nonaged medium‐sized brokens were harder, more adhesive, cohesive, gummy, chewy, and resilient than rehydrated instant aged samples. The textural profile of rehydrated instant aged broken rice is consistent with the textural properties of cooked rice reported in the literature by other researchers, indicating the feasibility of instant rice production from brokens.ConclusionsThe use of brokens for the production of instant rice is feasible and can reduce the cost of raw materials and improve upon cooked rice sensory characteristic. It is recommended that consumer sensory studies be conducted to determine product acceptability.Significance and noveltyThe study provides information on the enhancement of the value of broken rice as a commodity by accessing novel applications. It also provides science‐based information on the characteristics of medium‐sized broken rice, which is useful in new product development.