bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fratura osteocondral de Segond associada a fratura avulsão da cabeça da fíbula – “Sinal do arqueado”
Authors: Pimenta Frederico Silva , Cunha Renata Gabriela Pereira , Rocha Lorran Fabrini de Araújo , Oliveira Arthur Ribeiro , Caldas Marco Túlio Lopes , Gonçalves Thiago Saldanha 
Published: March 2020

ResumoUma fratura osteocondral desviada da tíbia anterolateral associada a avulsão da cabeça da fíbula em um paciente de 50 anos é relatada. A fratura avulsão do trato iliotibial em geral está associada lesões do ligamento cruzado, do menisco, e das estruturas laterais do joelho, como no caso em questão.
Arterial Stiffness as a Measure of Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertensive Women
Authors: Nethi Akshatha , B. Rajiv Kumar , Fatima Farheen , Pauniker Vaishali M. , M. Aswin Kumar , Taranikanti Madhuri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hypertension, affecting a third of the world’s population is associated with many vascular changes in blood vessels, which include rise of peripheral resistance and arterial stiffness. As there are very few studies done on Indian hypertensive women, this project was taken up to determine the prevalence of arterial stiffness in them. In this study, arterial stiffness is determined by assessing the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (C-F PWV). Fifty hypertensive female subjects between the ages 25 and 75 years were selected as subjects after informing the procedure and taking their consent. PWV was obtained from blood (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. They showed that subjects belonged to 3 categories depending on the level of their blood pressure—normal, grade I, and grade II hypertensives. PWV increased progressively with level of hypertension (p values = 0.0171 and <0.0001, which are significant for hypertensives having current BP equal to grade I and II hypertension, respectively). Vascular remodeling leading to loss of elasticity and impaired relaxation is believed to play a key role in development of arterial stiffness and subsequent rise of PWV in hypertensives. Arterial stiffness causes vascular dysfunction and is known to be an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases like ventricular remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and so forth. Control of Blood Pressure and its sequelae by dietary interventions and regular exercise is advisable.
Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions among Breast Cancer Patients in the Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute—Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic
Authors: de Guzman Bobby G. , Cabaya Norman F. , Ting Frederic Ivan L. , Sandoval-Tan Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Breast cancer is a chronic disease and its treatment decisions exist over a relatively long time period. This study was done to identify factors influencing treatment decisions among breast cancer patients in the Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute–Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic.
Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study that made use of a questionnaire and structured interview. Descriptive statistics were utilized in the analysis of the data. This allowed identification of patient demographics, economic profile, cancer profile, sources of financial or medical assistance, and summary of patient’s responses to identify the factors influencing treatment decisions among breast cancer patients.
Results A total of 272 participants were included. This study identified the following factors as having influence on treatment decisions: high level of satisfaction to the consultation with their attending physician, caring and sincere communication about prognosis and likelihood of benefit from treatment, family as person of influence, the patient’s collaborative role in the decision making process, the desire of cure, and trust with their doctors.
Conclusion Health practices and treatment decisions among Filipino breast cancer patients are widely affected by an interplay of the following factors: family, community, doctor’s recommendations, patient’s satisfaction and participation in the decision-making, health care access, and adverse treatments.
Harmonised observations of climate forcing across Africa: an assessment of existing approaches and their applicability
Authors: López-Ballesteros Ana , Beck Johannes , Helmschrot Jörg , Saunders Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A crucial aspect of coordinated climate action is the ability to measure, attribute, report and verify the drivers of climate change not only globally, but down to national level. This requires the enhancement of current observation infrastructures around the world, particularly in less-studied regions such as the African continent. Methodological protocols play an essential role in assuring interoperability among existing and new monitoring stations and networks. However, although the availability and accessibility of the body of existing methodological knowledge is crucial to fill existing observational gaps in a harmonised and resource-efficient way, there are very few efforts documented to systematically compile and assess it. This work aims to identify environmental observation methodologies which, on one hand, are applicable in Africa and, on the other hand, compatible with ongoing international and European monitoring initiatives. It draws from a systematic inventory of 140 environmental methodological protocols related to the measurement and estimation of the main climate forcing components within the atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial domains. In order to identify existing methodologies readily applicable for various observational purposes in under-studied regions, the feasibility of these protocols was determined based on a basic assessment of the financial and human resources needed for their implementation. Finally, a harmonised approach is proposed to enhance observational capacity in Africa with the differentiation of at least two types of sites. ‘Basic’ sites, where highly feasible environmental measurements can be performed to improve spatial coverage of main biomes, anthromes, and land use types, and advanced ‘key sites’, where a large set of variables measured at a high temporal resolution would enable a better understanding of driving processes in representative systems and managements across the continent, albeit requiring the application of less readily feasible methodologies.
Analysis of the Groundwater Resource Pollution of Coal-Fired Power Plants and Its Impact on Geotechnical Engineering Properties by Numerical Simulation Technology
Authors: Hu Zhaoguang , Shan Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: The objective is to investigate the impact of groundwater resource pollution of coal-fired power plants and its impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering based on numerical simulation technology, thereby proving the effectiveness and superiority of numerical simulation technology in preventing groundwater resource pollution and forecasting the related information, which would provide direction and guidance for the treatment and management of groundwater resource pollution. Method: First, the regions to be investigated are divided and generalized. Then, relevant experiments are carried out for the calculations of hydrogeological parameters to establish the hydrogeological conceptual model. Next, the real-time water level data recorded by the observations are used to identify and verify the model effectively. Afterward, the numerical simulation of groundwater solute transportation is carried out again. During the process, the establishment of the groundwater quality model is the focus, followed by the application of numerical simulation technology to forecast the environmental impacts of groundwater pollution, including the forecasting of groundwater environmental pollutions caused by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) leakage, ash yard, and power plants. Results: Through the application of numerical simulation technology, the current information about groundwater pollution, such as the scope of impact and the movement law of pollution, can be understood clearly and timely. Conclusion: By applying the numerical simulation technology in forecasting groundwater pollution, the groundwater pollution problems can be prevented effectively, which offers great help to the correct and reasonable operation and development of coal-fired power plants, which provides a significant reference for the preventive treatment of groundwater pollution.
Research of Advanced Materials for Volatile Organic Compounds Treatment
Authors: Tian Jie , Liu Baoyou , Li Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the important pollutants, which are easy to cause serious harm to the environment and human body. In this paper, solid adsorbents based on carbon-based adsorbents and porous molecular sieves, organic adsorbents and chemical materials based on chemical catalysts and photocatalysts are introduced. The effects of pore structure, specific surface area and acid base functional groups on the saturated adsorption capacity of carbon based adsorbents and porous molecular sieves were discussed. The differences between volatile organic solvents and new microemulsion systems and ionic liquids in terms of volatility, solubility and selectivity were compared. The latest progress of conventional thermal catalysts (noble metals, transition metals) and Photocatalysts (Metal/Nonmetal Doping, Nanomaterial Composite, Dye Sensitization) in VOCs treatment was discussed. The application prospects of new materials around biosurfactants and ionic liquids in the treatment of volatile organic compounds were pointed out.
Preparation and application of a silver deodorant
Authors: Zhang Lin , Dai Shiyu , Leng Chunbo , Sun Zhaonan , Zhang Jingyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on the strong adsorption, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of fulvic acid and silver ions, the preparation of silver alginate deodorizing gel with fulvic acid and its adsorption properties for formaldehyde toxic and harmful gas were studied. In the experiment, silver fulvate was used as the main ingredient, then sodium alginate was used as stabilizer. Under the heating condition, the mixture of fulvic acid silver and sodium alginate was mixed by mass ratio of 0, 0.3:1, 0.5:1, 0.7:1 and 0.9:1, and then immersed in calcium chloride solution to form gel. The new type of silver alginate deodorant gel was prepared and the deodorization of silver fulvate and sodium fulvate silver alginate was prepared. The colloid was characterized. IR analysis showed that fulvic acid was complexed with Ag+. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the stability of the deodorant gel was greatly improved when the mass ratio of fulvic acid to Ag+ was 1:10.
Design of a comprehensive experiment of the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed by CaO
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Liu Huan , Tang Ying , Xiang Yulin , Gao Wenwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An applied chemistry comprehensive experiment has been designed using CaO for synthesis of biodiesel. Effects of calcination temperature, methanol concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst on transesterification reaction are investigated. Based on experiment, the relationship between the catalyst structure and its properties was analyzed. Furthermore, this experiment can cultivate student's abilities of analyzing and solving problem. And it can build up the innovation consciousness, competition and team spirit of students. At the same time, the biodiesel and its preparation are line with the development requirements of green chemistry, so that students can establish environmental protection concept.
Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics and thermal Kinetics of Tea
Authors: Xu Shanfeng , Chen Yuzhu , Xiao Hui , Xia Sanshan , Li Wei , Jin Mingwei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics of tea under nitrogen atmosphere were investigated, and the heating rate was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 °C/min. The Kissinger and FWO methods were used to calculate the pyrolysis activation energy of tea. The results showed that the pyrolysis of tea can be divided into three pyrolysis stages: dehydration stage, rapid pyrolysis stage and carbonization stage. As the heating rate increasing, the peak temperature of the maximum pyrolysis rate shifts to the higher temperature, and the conversion rate increased at the peak of the maximum pyrolysis rate. The average value of pyrolysis activation energy of tea was 193.59 kJ/mol.
Study of a diagnosis method of watershed water problems based on control units-- Taking Ashihe river basin as an example
Authors: Ya Tao , Liang Cheng , Zhao Xiliang , Song Lingling , Yi Xu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The water quality often showed obvious spatial and temporal changes characteristics of a river system in the basin. However, the conventional water quality diagnosis method which based on the standard of cross-section, easily overlook the spatial-temporal characteristics of pollution load in the basin. Under the concept of ecological environment spatial management and control, the method for diagnosing water environmental problems which had been named the Equivalent pollution Load Duration Curve method was proposed. Combining the hydrological process of the main stream with the water quality concentration of the section, it could been used to effectively identify the main over standard pollutants and their sources in different control units of the river basin. From the results of the application evaluation of a certain basin, it showed that the excessive period was concentrated in the flood season. The main excessive factor was total phosphorus (TP) in the upstream area of the basin, which indicates that for the upstream control unit of the Basin, agricultural and other non-point sources were the main pollution sources. Meanwhile the main over standard pollutant was NH3-N, which was over standard in the whole period in the river estuary area. The pollution reduction control scheme of this control unit should focus on the industrial and living sources.
The Cheshire Cat That Is International Law
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This brief article, partly a comment on the articles by Danae Azaria, Kristina Daugirdas and Orfeas Chasapis Tassinis elsewhere in this issue, suggests that when it comes to discussing the sources of international law international legal scholarship would do well to be sensitive to issues related to democracy, representativeness, accountability and other staples of political theory. No matter how brilliant doctrinal sources scholarship may be in its own right, sources doctrine, in particular, is never politically innocent. Such scholarship is both about taming politics and facilitating politics, and this realization, in turn, engages the judgment to realize which to apply when.
The pressures of getting it right: Expertise and victims’ voices in the work of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Authors: Menzel Anne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract∞
This article contributes to scholarship on power, agency and ownership in professional transitional justice. It explores and details the relationship between ‘professional’ agency arising from recognized expertise and ‘unprofessional’ voices relaying lived experiences, concerns and needs. I approach this relationship via a microperspective on the work of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2002-2004), specifically its work on women and sexual violence, which the commission was mandated to pay special attention to. Based on interviews and rich archival materials, I show how this work was driven by the notion that there was a right way of dealing with women and sexual violence. To avoid mistakes, commissioners and staff members demanded and relied on recognized expertise. This led to a marginalization of victims’ voices. I argue that, to some degree at least, such marginalization belongs to professional transitional justice and will persist despite improved victim participation.
In vitro activity of the novel antibacterial agent ibezapolstat (ACX-362E) against Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Murray Beverly , Wolfe Cindy , Marra Andrea , Pillar Chris , Shinabarger Dean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIbezapolstat (ACX-362E) is the first DNA polymerase IIIC inhibitor undergoing clinical development for the oral treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).MethodsIn this study, the in vitro activity of ibezapolstat was evaluated against a panel of 104 isolates of C. difficile, including those with characterized ribotypes (e.g. 027 and 078) and those producing toxin A or B and was shown to have similar activity to those of comparators against these strains.ResultsThe overall MIC50/90 (mg/L) for ibezapolstat against evaluated C. difficile was 2/4, compared with 0.5/4 for metronidazole, 1/4 for vancomycin and 0.5/2 for fidaxomicin. In addition, the bactericidal activity of ibezapolstat was evaluated against actively growing C. difficile by determining the MBC against three C. difficile isolates. Time–kill kinetic assays were additionally performed against the three C. difficile isolates, with metronidazole and vancomycin as comparators.ConclusionsThe killing of C. difficile by ibezapolstat was observed to occur at concentrations similar to its MIC, as demonstrated by MBC:MIC ratios and reflected in time–kill kinetic assays. This activity highlights the therapeutic potential of ibezapolstat for the treatment of CDI.
Conflict resolution as cultural brokerage: how refugee leaders mediate disputes in Uganda’s refugee settlements
Authors: Vancluysen Sarah , Ingelaere Bert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Looking through the lens of disputes and their resolution, this article examines the efforts undertaken by refugees to guarantee peaceful coexistence within and around settlements in northern Uganda. Based on extensive fieldwork, we examine which disputes occur within and around the settlements and which actors intervene to mediate and solve them. We identify a hierarchy among the different formal and informal actors involved in the resolution of disputes and show how refugee leaders operate as brokers between Ugandan law and South-Sudanese customs, between here and there, a recent past and imagined future in the home country. This finding comes to clarify the process of local integration, by foregrounding the link between law and culture. Some of the dispute-settlement outcomes facilitate the refugees’ integration into Uganda as a host country, while other resolution strategies are geared towards a long-awaited return to South-Sudan.
Emphysematous cholecystitis following routine colonoscopy
Authors: Campbell Cassidy , Cooper Edward A , Kennedy Philip 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cholecystitis is a rare sequela of colonoscopy, the relationship between which has not yet been defined. This case study reviews a rural elderly patient who developed right upper quadrant pain following routine colonoscopy. He developed emphysematous cholecystitis, which required laparoscopy with conversion to open via Kocher’s incision and underwent a subtotal cholecystectomy due to the severity of necrosis and inflammation. He had an uncomplicated recovery. Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic procedure, the most common complications of which are haemorrhage and perforation. There are less than 10 cases of associated cholecystitis and no reports of emphysematous cholecystitis. The hypothesized pathogenesis is dehydration and lithogenesis associated with traumatic translocation of organisms, however, no definitive correlation has been determined. Due to the potential health impact, cholecystitis cannot be excluded regarding post-colonoscopy abdominal pain, however, the correlation between procedure and pathology remains unclear.
Physician Assistants Employed by the Federal Government
Authors: Smith Noël E , Kozikowski Andrzej , Hooker Roderick S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Physician assistants (PAs) are health professionals who have received advance medical training and are licensed to diagnose illness, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as principal health care provider. Although the U.S. federal government is the largest single employer of PAs, at the same time little is known about them across the wide array of diverse settings and agencies. The objective of this project was to determine the census of PAs in federal employment, their location, and personal characteristics. This included approximating the number of uniformed PAs. Taking stock of a unique labor force sets the stage for more granular analyses of how and where PAs are utilized and are deployed.

Methods
No one central database identifies all federally employed PAs. To undertake this project, three sources were examined. Data were derived from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants. Uniformed PA numbers were the result of networking with senior chiefs in the military services and the U.S. Public Health Service. The data were collolated and summarized for comparison and discussion.

Results
As of 2018, approximately 5,200 PAs were dispersed in most branches and agencies of the government that provide health care services, including the Departments of Defense, Veterans Affairs, Health and Human Services, Justice, and Homeland Security. Federally employed PAs are civil servants or hold a commission in the uniformed services (ie, Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Public Health Service). Most PAs are in clinical roles, although a few hundred are in management positions. Approximately 81% of civilian PAs have had less than 15 years of federal employment.

Conclusion
The diverse utilization and deployment of PAs validate the importance of the role they serve as medical professionals in the federal government. From 2008 to 2019, PA employment in the federal government grew by approximately 50% supporting the forecast that substantial national PA growth is on track.
Massive Nambu–Goldstone fermions and bosons for non-relativistic superconformal symmetry: Jackiw–Pi vortices in a trap
Authors: Fujimori Toshiaki , Nitta Muneto , Ohashi Keisuke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We discuss a supersymmetric extension of a non-relativistic Chern–Simons matter theory, known as the supersymmetric Jackiw–Pi model, in a harmonic trap. We show that the non-relativistic version of the superconformal symmetry, called the super-Schrödinger symmetry, is not spoiled by an external field including the harmonic potential. It survives as a modified symmetry whose generators have explicit time dependences determined by the strength of the trap, the rotation velocity of the system, and the fermion number chemical potential. We construct 1/3 Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) states of trapped Jackiw–Pi vortices preserving part of the modified superconformal symmetry and discuss fluctuations around static BPS configurations. In addition to the bosonic massive Nambu–Goldstone modes, we find that there exist massive Nambu–Goldstone fermions associated with broken generators of the modified super-Schrödinger symmetry. Furthermore, we find that eigenmodes form supermultiplets of a modified supersymmetry preserved by the static BPS backgrounds. As a consequence of the modified supersymmetry, infinite towers of explicit spectra can be found for eigenmodes corresponding to bosonic and fermionic lowest Landau levels.