bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and treatment outcome of head and neck cancer patients with pulmonary oligometastases
Authors: Lardinois Ines , Dequanter Didier , Lechien Jérôme R. , Bouland Cyril , Javadian Rokneddine , Rodriguez Alexandra , Loeb Isabelle , Journe Fabrice , Saussez Sven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients developing lung metastasis.DesignRetrospective study.ParticipantsHNSCC patients with lung metastasis treated between 2001 and 2018 were included.Mean outcomes measuresStatistical analyses described the relationship between patient survival, treatment efficacy and pulmonary metastasis occurrence.ResultsOne hundred HNSCC patients were included in the study. The median overall survival (OS) was 21 months. The median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was seven months. Patient survival with only lung metastases was significantly longer compared to patients with lung metastases and lymph nodes involvement or other metastases. Moreover, patients with a single metastasis had longer post‐RFS and OS than patients with multiple metastases. The local control of metastasis was better when patients presented only lung metastases, and it was more effective in single metastasis. The surgery allowed better metastases local control than supportive care or radio and/or chemotherapy. In case of specific therapy, pulmonary resection was associated with a longer post‐RFS and a longer OS compared to supportive care or radio and/or chemotherapy.ConclusionsWe confirmed, in the current study, the significant survival benefit for HNSCC patients treated by surgery for their pulmonary metastasis. While treatment of multiple metastases required palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care in most of the cases, specific surgical treatment in selected HNSCC patients should be considered.
Liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing colorectal adenomas: Results from a retrospective study
Authors: Herrero José Ignacio , Quiñones Marta , Pérez Xabier , Mora Lorena , Bojórquez Alejandro , Toledo Estefanía , Betés Maite 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplant recipients have an increased incidence of malignancies, but it is unclear whether they have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.AimTo investigate whether liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing colorectal adenomas (a surrogate marker of colorectal cancer risk).Patients and methodsOne hundred thirty‐nine liver transplant recipients (excluding primary sclerosing cholangitis) who underwent a colonoscopy and polypectomy before and after transplantation, and 367 nontransplanted patients who underwent a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening and a second colonoscopy later were retrospectively studied. The risks of incident colorectal adenomas and high‐risk adenomas (advanced or multiple adenomas or carcinomas) were compared between both cohorts.ResultsIncident colorectal adenomas were found in 40.3% of the transplanted patients and 30.0% of the nontransplanted patients (15.1% and 5.5%, respectively, had high‐risk adenomas). After adjusting for age, sex, presence of adenomas in the baseline endoscopy, and interval between colonoscopies, transplant recipients showed a higher risk of developing colorectal adenomas (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05‐2.47; p = .03) and high‐risk adenomas (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.46‐5.65; p = .002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing colorectal adenomas and lesions with high risk of colorectal cancer.
Study drug use among university students in Western Australia: Results of a web survey and their policy and practice implications
Authors: Nelson Marina , Jensen Charmaine , Lenton Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsRecent research and anecdotal reports suggest increased use of ‘study drugs’ or cognitive enhancers (CE) by university students. Evidence suggests students who use CEs tend to perceive them as effective, but whether CEs improve cognition in healthy individuals is unclear and any drug use carries a risk of harm. Two previous studies have investigated the prevalence of use in Australian university student samples and neither assessed university system factors which may contribute to use.Design and MethodsDuring 2016, a convenience sample of 2133 18–29‐year‐old students across all five Western Australian universities completed a quantitative anonymous web survey targeting both users and non‐users of CE.ResultsOf the final sample, 7.9% reported use of a prescription drug for CE purposes in the last 12 months. Prescription CE use was predicted by greater frequency of illicit drug use and among students who reported they had not had a take‐home exam in the last 12 months. Rates of use and predictors of over the counter (28.6%) and illicit drugs (2.4%) were predicted by different individual and contextual factors. There were high rates of reporting positive effects from CE use, but although negative effects were reported less commonly, they were not trivial.Discussion and ConclusionsThese findings have implications for university policy and university health services raising the issue with students and potentially providing clinical interventions addressing CE use. Further research should include representative samples and address both system and individual variables in understanding patterns of CE use among students.
Towards more intimacy: moderate elevation of temperature drives increases in foraging and mutualistic interactions between Lasius niger and Aphis fabae
Authors: Blanchard Solène , Van Offelen Julie , Verheggen François , Detrain Claire 
Published: November 2020

1. Climate change will likely affect the association between species interacting at different trophic levels. However, studies focusing on the impact of an elevation of temperature on ant‐hemipteran mutualism remain scarce.2. In the present study we investigated, in laboratory conditions, the foraging behaviour of the ant Lasius niger and its mutualistic interaction with the aphid Aphis fabae under three conditions of temperatures (i.e. 20°C, 23°C, and 26°C), as predicted by climatic scenarios.3. Aphids were more mobile but as likely to release honeydew droplets at higher temperatures. As regards the ants, a moderate 3°C increase of temperature positively impacted their mutualistic interaction with aphids. Such reinforcement was achieved through an increase in the walking speed of ant foragers, in the number of mobilised ants as well as in the total amount of honeydew harvested by the colony.4. A further elevation of temperature to 26°C reduced the benefits gained by the aphid‐tending ants, in terms of lower amount of collected honeydew.5. Based on our results, we hypothesise that, in temperate regions, a moderate increase of ambient atmospheric temperature by 3°C will benefit to the L. niger ‐ A. fabae mutualistic interaction. A more marked elevation of 6°C may represent a threshold thermal value above which a switch of partners or a disruption of the interaction may occur under the temperatures predicted for the end of the century. These results demonstrate the fragility of mutualistic interactions, and more particularly their sensitivity to temperature increases predicted by realistic forecast models.
Reflection before and after clinical practice—Enhancing and broadening experience through self‐, peer‐ and teacher‐guided learning
Authors: Botelho Michael , Bhuyan Sangeeta Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis paper explores a novel pedagogy surrounding students’ clinical practice sessions. Before each clinical session, student clinical groups meet and each student presents their treatment planned for that session. The teachers question their understanding and explore “what‐if” and other management scenarios. Peers in the clinical group observe the presentation and learning dialogue. After the clinical session, students gather on the clinic to debrief their performance with the tutor. Peers observe this dialogue, the shared clinical experience. This paper explores students’ perceptions of reflection before action and reflection on action surrounding their clinical practice.MethodsFocus groups were conducted to explore this phenomenon and to create a questionnaire, which was administered to the whole class. Transcriptions of the focus groups and open‐ended response in the questionnaire were subjected to a thematic analysis to identify emerging themes and supported by closed‐ended question responses.ResultsBriefing sessions before clinical sessions helped students identify problems and clear doubts before entering clinics. Students were able to recall and rehearse the clinical procedural knowledge and felt well prepared and confident for patient care. Student sharing of knowledge with peers provided a broader learning experience and helped gain confidence. Students also reported to learn from the teacher facilitating their preparation for the session. Debriefing sessions after the clinical session allowed reflection and learning including error correction on their own and peer experiences. Students learnt personally, from peers and from the teacher, and emphasised the importance of the student‐teacher relation.ConclusionsBriefing and debriefing sessions were highly valued by students for preparation and learning on clinics and in learning from peers. Briefing sessions cleared misunderstanding, prevented errors, broadened procedural knowledge and improved both confidence and clinical experience. Debriefing sessions facilitated reflective practice, error correction and prevention, and helped gain insights from teachers’ own experience and perspectives.
Locus coeruleus in memory formation and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: James Tony , Kula Bartosz , Choi Seowon , Khan Shahzad S. , Bekar Lane K. , Smith Nathan A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCatecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) in the dorsal pontine tegmentum innervate the entire neuroaxis, with signaling actions implicated in the regulation of attention, arousal, sleep–wake cycle, learning, memory, anxiety, pain, mood, and brain metabolism. The co‐release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) from LC terminals in the hippocampus plays a role in all stages of hippocampal‐memory processing. This catecholaminergic regulation modulates the encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and reversal of hippocampus‐based memory. LC neurons in awake animals have two distinct firing modes: tonic firing (explorative) and phasic firing (exploitative). These two firing modes exert different modulatory effects on post‐synaptic dendritic spines. In the hippocampus, the firing modes regulate long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression, which differentially regulate the mRNA expression and transcription of plasticity‐related proteins (PRPs). These proteins aid in structural alterations of dendritic spines, that is, structural long‐term potentiation (sLTP), via expansion and structural long‐term depression (sLTD) via contraction of post‐synaptic dendritic spines. Given the LC's role in all phases of memory processing, the degeneration of 50% of the LC neuron population occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a clinically relevant aspect of disease pathology. The loss of catecholaminergic regulation contributes to dysfunction in memory processes along with impaired functions associated with attention and task completion. The multifaceted role of the LC in memory and general task performance and the close correlation of LC degeneration with neurodegenerative disease progression together implicate it as a target for new clinical assessment tools.
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies in adults: Clinical and genetic features
Authors: Di Bella Daniela , Magri Stefania , Benzoni Chiara , Farina Laura , Maccagnano Carmelo , Sarto Elisa , Moscatelli Marco , Baratta Silvia , Ciano Claudia , Piacentini Sylvie H. M. J. , Draghi Lara , Mauro Elena , Pareyson Davide , Gellera Cinzia , Taroni Franco , Salsano Ettore 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is known about hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate HLD occurrence, clinical features, and etiology among undefined leukoencephalopathies in adulthood.MethodsWe recruited the patients with cerebral hypomyelinating magnetic resonance imaging pattern (mild T2 hyperintensity with normal or near‐normal T1 signal) from our cohort of 62 adult index cases with undefined leukoencephalopathies, reviewed their clinical features, and used a leukoencephalopathy‐targeted next generation sequencing panel.ResultsWe identified 25/62 patients (~40%) with hypomyelination. Cardinal manifestations were spastic gait and varying degree of cognitive impairment. Etiology was determined in 44% (definite, 10/25; likely, 1/25). Specifically, we found pathogenic variants in the POLR3A (n = 2), POLR1C (n = 1), RARS1 (n = 1), and TUBB4A (n = 1) genes, which are typically associated with severe early‐onset HLDs, and in the GJA1 gene (n = 1), which is associated with oculodentodigital dysplasia. Duplication of a large chromosome X region encompassing PLP1 and a pathogenic GJC2 variant were found in two patients, both females, with early‐onset HLDs persisting into adulthood. Finally, we found likely pathogenic variants in PEX3 (n = 1) and PEX13 (n = 1) and potentially relevant variants of unknown significance in TBCD (n = 1), which are genes associated with severe, early‐onset diseases with central hypomyelination/dysmyelination.ConclusionsA hypomyelinating pattern characterizes a relevant number of undefined leukoencephalopathies in adulthood. A comprehensive genetic screening allows definite diagnosis in about half of patients, and demonstrates the involvement of many disease‐causing genes, including genes associated with severe early‐onset HLDs, and genes causing peroxisome biogenesis disorders.
Why women have more autoimmune diseases than men: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Kronzer Vanessa L. , Bridges Stanley Louis , Davis John M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWomen have up to a fourfold increase in risk for autoimmune disease compared to men. Many explanations have been proposed, including sex hormones, the X chromosome, microchimerism, environmental factors, and the microbiome. However, the mechanism for this autoimmune sex bias remains obscure. In this manuscript, we evaluate the hypothesis that qualitative or quantitative differences in circulating antibodies may explain, at least in part, the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and its sex bias—especially when considering an evolutionary perspective. Indeed, women have higher absolute levels of antibodies than men, and (auto)antibodies are also associated with most autoimmune diseases. Several facts suggest differences in antibodies may cause increased prevalence of autoimmune disease in women. First, the association between increased quantities of serum antibodies and increased prevalence of autoimmunity is found not only in women, but also in men with Klinefelter syndrome. Second, both serum antibody levels and autoimmunity spike in the postpartum period. Third, a dose–response effect exists between parity and both serum antibodies and prevalence of autoimmune disease. Fourth, many biologically plausible mechanisms explain the association, such as T cell‐dependent activation of B cells and/or VGLL3. The evolutionary underpinning of increased antibodies in women is likely to be protection of offspring from infections. Overall, this evolutionary paradigm can help explain why the phenomenon of autoimmunity occurs preferentially in women and raises the possibility of new treatment options.
Diadromous fish modified timing of upstream migration over the last 30 years in France
Authors: Legrand Marion , Briand Cédric , Buisson Laëtitia , Besse Timothée , Artur Gwenaël , Azam Didier , Baisez Aurore , Barracou David , Bourré Nicolas , Carry Laurent , Caudal Anne‐Laure , Corre Jérémie , Croguennec Eric , Der Mikaélian Sophie , Josset Quentin , Le Gurun Laëtitia , Schaeffer Frédéric , Toussaint Romuald , Laffaille Pascal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Numerous studies have documented a change in the phenology of migration of diadromous fish in response to climate change. Only few studies have, however, been conducted simultaneously for multiple species and at a large spatial scale.

We investigated the change in the timing of upstream migration of diadromous fish species in France. We used an original dataset collected from 40 fish‐counting devices in 28 French rivers over 10–30 years for five diadromous taxa: Alosa spp., Anguilla anguilla (with a distinction between glass eel and yellow eel), Petromyzon marinus, Salmo salar, and Salmo trutta.

Except for glass eel, we found that taxa shifted their migration for earlier arrival dates. This result is consistent with numerous studies reporting advancement of the phenology of species life‐events. On average, we highlighted a phenological change of −2.3 days per decade (min = −0.2, max = −3.7). Moreover, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index, sea surface temperature, air temperature, and river discharge were found to explain the timing of upstream migration of diadromous fish taxa, highlighting the importance of factors acting at different spatial scales.

Given the important phenological changes observed in our study and more widely in the scientific literature, we recommend that managers incorporate these changes into the management rules; in particular, in the case of dams whose migratory transparency (i.e. the possibility for the fishes to cross the dam) is ensured by adaptive water management and gate operations.

This study benefited from large‐scale monitoring of migratory phenology of multiple species and environmental variables. These monitoring data are valuable and could allow better predictive modelling of the response of species to climate change.
Acid‐etched Pt/Al‐MCM‐41 catalysts for fuel production by one‐step hydrotreatment of Jatropha oil
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Chen Yubao , Zhuang Shiyun , Li Ruifan , Hu Liangdong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffective catalysts are indispensable for the preparation of fuel components from vegetable oils via the one‐step hydrothermal method. In this study, the Pt/MCM‐41 catalysts were prepared by etching with sulfuric acid, citric acid, or hydrochloric acid. The performance of the obtained Pt/MCM‐41 catalysts for the hydrothermal treatment of vegetable oils was evaluated in a fixed‐bed reactor using Jatropha oil as a model raw material (temperature = 360°C, liquid hourly space velocity = 1 h−1, hydrogen–oil ratio = 1000, and hydrogen pressure = 4 MPa). The modified catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, CO chemisorption, and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the selectivity of various fuel components, including C8–C16 alkanes, C8–C16 iso‐alkanes, C8–C16 arenes, and C17–C18 alkanes, were analyzed based on the catalyst characteristics. Acid etching was found to decrease the surface area of Al‐MCM‐41 but increase the amount of acid sites, and among these acids, citric acid was proved as the priority additives, with better catalytic performance. Moreover, this catalyst exhibited the best conversion and the highest C8–C16 and C17–C18 selectivities.
Potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for paired phytoremediation and bioenergy production
Authors: Rheay Hanah T. , Omondi Emmanuel C. , Brewer Catherine E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multi‐use crop that has been investigated for its potential use in phytoremediation of heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic contaminants, and as a feedstock for bioenergy production. A review of research literature indicates that hemp is a suitable crop for phytoremediation, and a competitive option for bioenergy. Coupling phytoremediation and bioenergy production from a single hemp crop is a potential solution to overcoming the economic constraints of phytoremediation projects. The current challenge is ensuring that the extracted contaminants are not introduced into the consumer marketplace. After several decades of limited research on hemp in the United States, the purpose of this review is to identify the knowledge available for hemp applications in phytoremediation or in production of bioenergy, and if and how those two purposes have been combined. The literature shows that hemp growth has been demonstrated successfully at the field scale for phytoremediation and in several bioenergy conversion technologies. Little is known about the fate of contaminants during hemp growth or during post‐harvest processing, especially the relationships between hemp genetics, metabolomics, and contaminant partitioning. Complicating the understanding is the expectation that contaminant fate will be dependent on the contaminant type, the concentration in the material, and the processing methods. Before hemp from phytoremediation applications can be used for bioenergy, the fractionation of heavy metals, radionuclides, and/or organic compounds during transesterification, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and/or combustion of hemp must be evaluated.
HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment in stable people living with HIV on ART in rural Tanzania
Authors: Sanmartí M , Meyer AC , Jaen A , Robertson K , Tan N , Mapesi H , Samson L , Ndaki R , Battegay M , Tanner M , Weisser M , Dalmau D , Letang E ,   the KIULARCO Group
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesFew studies have assessed cognitive impairment among healthy people living with HIV (PLWH) who are stable on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among a random sample of stable adult PLWH from rural Tanzania on ART for more than 1 year and without immunological failure or pre‐existing neurological disease. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for neurocognitive impairment (NCI), assessed through neuropsychological tests, functional and depression questionnaires and defined as a mean Z‐score ≤ −1 in two or more cognitive domains.ResultsAmong 243 participants [median age = 44.3 years (interquartile range: 36–52] and 71% female] we found a rate of NCI of 19.3% (95% confidence interval: 14.8–24.8%). Memory and psychomotor domains demonstrated the highest impairment. Independent predictors of NCI were age and self‐reported alcohol use. Other classical risk factors were not associated with HIV‐associated NCI.ConclusionDespite effective ART roll‐out, NCI remained a prevalent condition in this healthy rural Tanzanian population of PLWH on ART. Age and alcohol use were key risk factors.