bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-related gene polymorphisms associated with Parkinson’s disease: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Ulhaq Zulvikar Syambani , Garcia Cristian Peinado 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Strong evidence supports the involvement of inflammation processes in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), where increasingly correlations have been identified between genetic variations in inflammation-related genes and PD. However, data varies between studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify associations between inflammation-related gene polymorphisms and PD risk.

Methods
All studies were identified through online databases. Pooled and stratified groups based on racial descent were assembled to evaluate associations between polymorphisms and PD.

Results
The pooled results showed that protective effects for PD were observed for (1) IL-1α -889 C/T in Asian populations (T vs. C, OR = 0.831, P = 0.031; TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 0.827, P = 0.049); (2) IL-6 -176 G/C in Caucasian populations (CC + GC vs. GG, OR = 0.656, P = 0.000; GC vs. GG, OR = 0.673, P = 0.000); (3) IL-8 -251 A/T (T vs. A, OR = 0.812, P = 0.041; TT vs. AT + AA, OR = 0.663, P = 0.012), particularly in Caucasian populations (TT vs. AT + AA, OR = 0.639, P = 0.010); (4) IL-10 -819 T/C (C vs. T, OR = 0.742, P = 0.034); (5) IL-18 -607 C/A (AA + CA vs. CC, OR = 0.597, P = 0.015; CA vs. CC, OR = 0.534, P = 0.005), and (6) CCR2 +190 G/A (AA vs. GA + GG, OR = 0.552, P = 0.018; AA vs. GG; OR = 0.554; 95% CI 0.336–0.914, P = 0.005). An increased risk of PD was associated with IL-10 -1082 G/A in Asian populations (A vs. G, OR = 1.731, P = 0.000; AA + GA vs. GG, OR = 1.910, P = 0.000). No significant associations with PD were observed for polymorphisms in IL-1β -511 C/T, IL-10 -592 C/A, IL-18 -137 G/C, TNFα -863 C/A, TNFα -857 C/T, TNFα -308 G/A, IFNΥ +874 T/A, and MCP1/CCL2 +2518 A/G.

Conclusions
We suggest that IL-1α -889, IL-6 -176, IL-8 -251, IL-10 -1082, IL-10 -819, IL-18 -607, and CCR2 +190 polymorphisms may be associated with PD risk; however, further studies must verify these conclusions.
Anticancer effects induced by artichoke extract in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Hassabou Nadia Fathy , Farag Amina Fouad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is occupying the eighth position of all malignant neoplasia worldwide. Nowadays, natural compounds found in vegetables and fruits are important resources of many anticancer drugs especially those with high levels of phytochemicals representing an efficient strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a kind of antioxidant-rich vegetables demonstrated a potential anticancer activity on various types of cancer cells related to its content of phenolic compounds. Anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenolic extracts were reported to cause a reduction in cell viability, inhibition of cell growth, and initiation of apoptotic mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of artichoke extract against the invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Results
A pure extract from the edible part and leaves of fresh artichoke was added to oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and to control group to evaluate the expression of caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax genes. Artichoke extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines which increased in a time-dependent manner. No apparent effects were observed in the normal control group. Expression of Bax and caspase-9 genes revealed a highly significant increase in cancer cell lines (p = 0.0001) when compared to the control group. In addition to a highly significant decrease (p = 0.005) in Bcl-2 of cancer cells. It was demonstrated that artichoke extract induced cell growth arrest at G2/M phase which revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in comparison to the untreated control group.

Conclusion
Artichoke exerts potent cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects on oral squamous carcinoma cell lines.

Graphical abstract
Alternative Dispute Resolution in SMEs in the Construction Industry in Masvingo Urban, Zimbabwe
Authors: Herbert Tavengahama Tafara , Mashavira Nhamo , Nyanga Takupiwa , Ernest Muchadenyika Chakanaka 
Published: April 2020

Dispute handling may present particular problems for SMEs. The research explored the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods used in SMEs and their implications on the performance of SMEs in the construction industry in Zimbabwe. The study revealed that collective bargaining and negotiation are the main ADR methods used in the SMEs while conciliation and arbitration are utilized externally at NEC and the ministry of labour. It was also noted that most SMEs do not have established ADR structures and collective bargaining and negotiation had an impact on employee performance. Collective Bargaining, Conciliation and Adjudication
Représentation de la réalité et la post-vérité en traduction
Authors: Jerzy Brzozowski  
Published: April 2020

Translation in the Post-truth Era
The paper discusses six examples of “indulgence with the truth” in some recent translations in the fields of literature (Lewis Carrol, Jose Carlos Somoza), film (the “Fawlty Towers” series translated into Spanish), mass communication (« Eurodiagnostic »), Bible “inclusive” translation and a case of legal translation. The author aims to show that, perhaps, such translator’s inventions, manipulations or distortions of the original texts are currently more frequent in the so called Post-truth era than they used to be in the past.
La traduction de l’onomatopée dans les livres pour les tout-petits : la relation texte-image-son
Authors: Natalia Paprocka  , Justyna Wesoła  
Published: April 2020

The Translation of Onomatopoeia in Early-concept Books: The Text-Image-Sound Relationship
The purpose of the study is to observe the functioning of onomatopoeia in the translation of picture books for young children (under three years old). The textual, visual and sound layers remain strongly interdependent in these books, and their conception is often based on onomatopoeia, which is connected to the development of language in children.Taking Soledad Bravi’s Le Livre des bruits and its Spanish and Polish translations as an example, we distinguished several translation problems related to (1) the need to give the onomatopoeia a written form in the target language, (2) the independence of their pronunciation from their written form, and (3) the interdependence of picture and onomatopoeia in terms of meaning. Furthermore, we observed that some onomatopoeia were perceived by adult readers as representations of negative stereotypes in terms of children education, which resulted in a kind of “pedagogical control” on their behalf.
Réflexions sur la traduction du jeu vidéo en tant que nouveau média de représentation littéraire
Authors: Anna Sarapuk  
Published: April 2020

Reflections on Video Games Translation as a Literary Representation in the New Media
Large-scale development of video games can be considered as a somewhat new phenomena, even though video games have been gaining more and more adepts during the last few decades. Since the very beginning, videogames have sought for inspiration in literature, with games such as “The Hobbit” released in 1986 on Amstrad CPC. Back then, it was a raw media that didn’t offer much possibilities to the players as well as to the developers. Today, millions of people – not to say billions – play videogames in the entire world. Technologies related to videogames development are more and more complex. Now, the player doesn’t only have to complete simple objectives like with arcade cabinets back in the 1970’s. He can control complex characters and have them evolve in rich environments. Videogame universes are often based on literature, and thus become a representation of literature that has to consider every aspect of the works it interprets: graphisms (sets and characters), music, gameplay, but also language, the main area of interest for translators. We look into the games ABC Murders and The Witcher III in order to examine different aspects of books transcribed in videogames and their inter-semiotic and interlingual translation.
Headache Associated with Chiari Malformation Type One
Authors: seddeg yasser , Awad Ali , Osman Haytham 
Published: April 2020

Patients with chiari malformation type one ( CM -1 ) headache may be mistaken by chronic migraines or other causes of headache, so analysis of headache related to CM-1 is corner stone in early diagnosis of the disease.
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of headache in the patients with CM-1 to help primary care clinicians better understand the relationship between an individual's presenting symptoms of CM 1, so aiding for early diagnosis and early management and for better outcome.

This was prospective observational analytical study carried out in Khartoum state hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, (NCNS, Neurospine Center-Ribat Teaching Hospital, Military Hospital, and Omdurman Teaching Hospital) from February 2018- September 2019.

Study was included
18 adult males and females of different ages diagnosed with Chiari MF -1 who undergoing decompressive surgery.
Symptomatic patients diagnosed with Chiari MF -1Patients with no history of neurological illnesses or history of cranial surgery were included.
Patients with history of any neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and with other causes of headache were excluded from the study.
Evaluation and full analysis of headache were registered including type of headache, site, duration headache, time lasting, radiation of pain, severity using headache scale, associated ocular and visual symptoms.
This study included 18 patients diagnosed with chiari 1 malformation and suffering from headache related to chiari 1 malformation. Full analysis of the headache was obtained. The headache was mostly in the back of the head (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and only in (n=1/18, 5.6%), the headache was in the sides or front of the head. In 12 patients (n=12/18 , 66.7%) headache worsen by bending forward. And in 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) worsen by cough. Regarding the type of headache, mostly pressure in nature (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and it was rarely throbbing in nature(n=1/18, 5.6%),. All patients were asked to evaluate their headache in headache scale from 1 to 10 (10 more severe). The scale ranged between 5 and 9 with mean 6.88. headache could be long or short lasting (from hours to days).Eye symptoms included blurring of vision complained by 9 patients(n=9/18, 50%), light sensitivity in 5 patients ((n=5/18, 27.8%), and 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) there were no eye symptoms. Neck pain was a dominant symptom seen in 17 patients (n=17/18, 94.4%) , and back pain in 18 patients (n=18/18 , 100%) . headache subsided after decompression surgery in all patients included in this study.
Knowledge and understanding the CM-1 headache characters are important for early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease.
Can keratin scaffolds be used for creating three-dimensional cell cultures?
Authors: Bochynska-Czyz Marta , Redkiewicz Patrycja , Kozlowska Hanna , Matalinska Joanna , Konop Marek , Kosson Piotr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures were created with the use of fur keratin associated proteins (F-KAPs) as scaffolds. The procedure of preparation F-KAP involves combinations of chemical activation and enzymatic digestion. The best result in porosity and heterogeneity of F-KAP surface was received during pepsin digestion. The F-KAP had a stable structure, no changes were observed after heat treatment, shaking and washing. The 0.15-0.5 mm fraction had positive effect for formation of 3D scaffolds and cell culturing. Living rat mesenchymal cells on the F-KAP with no abnormal morphology were observed by SEM during 32 days of cell culturing.
The characterization of Enterococcus genus: resistance mechanisms and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Růžičková Michaela , Vítězová Monika , Kushkevych Ivan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The constantly growing bacterial resistance against antibiotics is recently causing serious problems in the field of human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture. The mechanisms of resistance formation and its preventions are not well explored in most bacterial genera. The aim of this review is to analyse recent literature data on the principles of antibiotic resistance formation in bacteria of the Enterococcus genus. Furthermore, the habitat of the Enterococcus genus, its pathogenicity and pathogenicity factors, its epidemiology, genetic and molecular aspects of antibiotic resistance, and the relationship between these bacteria and bowel diseases are discussed. So-called VREfm – vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium and its currently rapidly growing resistance as well as the significance of these bacteria in nosocomial diseases is described.
Hylomorphism and Complex Properties
Authors: Renz Graham 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHylomorphism is the Aristotelian theory according to which objects are composites of form and matter. Form is what unifies the various parts of an object – the matter – into a cohesive whole. Some contemporary hylomorphists argue their theory applies beyond the realm ofconcreta, and that it explains the unity of various abstract entities. Not everyone agrees. Recent criticism alleges that hylomorphism fails to explain the unity of certain abstract entities, namely, complex properties – properties with other properties as proper parts. Here, I both respond to this criticism and show that and how hylomorphism extends to the domain of complex properties. By discussing hylomorphism’s applicability to the hitherto unchartered domain of complex properties, I hope to defend its credentials as a general mereological theory.
Malebranche on Intelligible Extension: A Programmatic Interpretation
Authors: Bassford Andrew Dennis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is exegesis. I explicate Nicholas Malebranche’s concept of intelligible extension. I begin by detailing how the concept matured throughout Malebranche’s work, and the new functions it took on within his metaphysical system. I then examine Gustav Bergmann’s (1956. “Some Remarks on the Philosophy of Malebranche.”The Review of Metaphysics10(2): 207–26) “axiomatic” interpretation, as well as the criticism of it offered by Daise Radner (1994. “Malebranche and the Individuation of Perceptual Objects.” InIndividuation and Identity in Early Modern Philosophy, edited by Kenneth F. Barber, and Jorge J. E. Gracia, New York: SUNY Press). I argue that Radner’s criticism of the interpretation is only partly successful; some of her objections can be met; others cannot. I then develop a novel interpretation of the concept, given insights from this dispute. I call it the “programmatic interpretation.” I argue that this interpretation coheres well with Malebranche’s famous Vision in God thesis, as well as many of his other commitments. I conclude by considering a certain pertinent objection to my proposal, summarizing the dialectic, and forcefully restating my case.
Novel layered 2D materials for ultrafast photonics
Authors: Li Shi , Wang Cong , Yin Yu , Lewis Elfed , Wang Pengfei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A range of new 2D materials have recently been reported, including topological insulators, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and metal-organic frameworks, which have demonstrated high optical nonlinearity and Pauli blocking for widespread use as saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers. 2D materials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrashort-pulse fiber laser technology. This review presents a catalog of the various pulsed laser applications based on the series of emerging 2D materials. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical switches, and all-optical devices, are also included. It is anticipated that the development of 2D materials will intensify in the future, providing potentially new and wide-ranging efficacy for 2D materials in ultrafast photonic technology.
Material characterisation for natural fibres: compressibility, permeability and friction
Authors: George Keller J. H. , Ahmed Aly , Hrymak Andrew N. , El Naggar M. Hesham 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although fibrous suspensions are finding increasing use in many applications, holistic studies investigating their material properties are essentially non-existent due to a lack of simple and reliable measurement techniques. To address this, geotechnical techniques have been considered for the characterisation of an extruded suspension of poplar fibres. Use of such characterization techniques was thought suitable since the extruded fibres share many physical similarities with fibrous peats, and since both materials are primarily derived from plants. In the present study, oedometer and direct shear tests were employed to evaluate the compressibility, permeability and friction properties of poplar fibres. Triplicates of each test were carried out for two differently prepared poplar fibres at several different initial water contents. All measurements were found to be in good agreement with the values typical of fibrous peats, justifying direct cross-over of geotechnical techniques as an alternative method for characterising and modelling fibrous suspensions in manufacturing applications.
The impact of foliar feeding on the yield components of three winter rape morphotypes (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Sikorska Anna , Gugała Marek , Zarzecka Krystyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of foliar fertilizers containing amino acids, sulphur, boron on the number of productive branches, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds in pods and the length of pods of three winter rape (Brassica napus) varieties (Monolit, PX115, PT248). The research was carried out in 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52o03’N and 22o33’E) belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. The field experiment was set up in a split-plot layout in triplicate. The area of one plot for harvest was 21 m2. The examined factors were I - morphotipe of winter rape: population variety (Monolit), hybrid restored with a semi-dwarf growth type (PX115), hybrid restored with a traditional growth type (PT248). II - types of foliar feeding: 1. treatment without biostimulator and foliar feeding, 2. Bioregulator Aminoplant, 3. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag with foliar fertilizer Bormax, 4. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag with foliar fertilizer Bormax and Aminoplant. Variable climatic conditions in the years of the experiment affected the studied components of seed yield of three L. morphotypes. In the year 2016-2017 of research, the plants produced the most productive branches, had the longest pods filled with the largest number of seeds. Foliar nutrition with a biostimulator containing amino acids did not significantly affect the increase of the number of productive branches, pods per plant and pod length compared to the variant on which no foliar fertilization was applied. Foliar fertilization with S and B in combination with bio-stimulators was the most effective in increasing the components of seed yield, while the number of productive branches and length of pods under the influence of foliar fertilizers was the same regardless of the application of the biostimulator. The long-stem variety had longer pods that were filled with more seeds than the others.
Grammar and levels of addressivity
Authors: Spronck Stef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvans et al. (2018a,b) introduce the notion of ‘engagement’ as a new grammatical domain related to intersubjective coordination of knowledge. The present paper applies this notion to data from the Australian Aboriginal language Ungarinyin. It identifies three markers/construction types in the language as expressions of engagement and develops a descriptive framework rooted in Bakhtinian Dialogism in order to demonstrate why these expressions represent the category. It is argued that the main problems that arise in the analysis of engagement are very similar to those that have been encountered in the description of (other) TAME-categories as well, and that these may be overcome by applying Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of ‘addressivity’. It concludes that a better understanding of the category of engagement that explores its relation to addressivity may contribute to the development of an approach to grammar in which sociality takes priority, a Dialogic linguistics.
The basic rules for coexistence: The possible applicability of metalaw for human-AGI relations
Authors: Muzyka Kamil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman-AGI relations are soon going to be a subject to number of policies and regulations. Although most current Blue Sky de lege ferenda postulates towards robot and artificial intelligence regulatory framework are focused on the liability of the producer or the owner of the AI based product, one might try to conceptualize the legal relations and rules for the coexistence between humans and an anthropocognitive AI’s (AGI) possessing proper capacity. The main purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of applying the principles of Metalaw to mentioned relations. The scope shall consider a non-chattel and non-property based status of those types of AIs, as well as sufficient advancement of such entities, or the emergence of advanced non-human based intelligence.
Fünf Fragen (und Antworten) zur Gesundheitsökonomik
Authors: Zweifel Peter 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Übersichtsartikel beschreibt Peter Zweifel die Entwicklung des Fachgebiets „Gesundheitsökonomik“ an Hand von Antworten auf fünf Fragen: Ist das Gut „Gesundheit“ wirklich anders als alle andern? Geht es zentral um die „Kostenexplosion“? Was ist die Bedeutung des moralischen Risikos im Vergleich zur adversen Selektion auf Märkten für Krankenversicherung mit Wettbewerb? Wie bedeutsam ist die anbieterinduzierte Nachfrage? Und schließlich, gibt es eine Begründung für den außerordentlich hohen Grad der Regulierung im Gesundheitswesen? Die Antworten sind solide in der Mikroökonomik verankert; sie sollten jedoch verdeutlichen, dass Ökonomen mit Interesse am Gesundheitsverhalten und am Gesundheitswesen der Karikatur des „erbsenzählenden Elefanten im Porzellanladen“ (Gbadebo und Reinhardt 2001) überhaupt nicht entsprechen.
Prognosen und empirische Befunde: Wie groß ist die Kluft beim Mindestlohn wirklich?
Authors: Knabe Andreas , Schöb Ronnie , Thum Marcel 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die sehr negativen Prognosen zur Beschäftigungswirkung der Einführung des Mindestlohns in Deutschland hätten sich nicht bewahrheitet, schrieben Oliver Bruttel, Arne Baumann und Matthias Dütsch in den PWP 3/2019. Andreas Knabe, Ronnie Schöb und Marcel Thum halten dem in diesem Beitrag entgegen, dass sich Prognosen und tatsächliche Beschäftigungswirkungen des Mindestlohns gar nicht wesentlich unterschieden. Zum einen hätten sich die Beschäftigungsverluste bisher stark in einer Reduktion der Zahl der Arbeitsstunden je Beschäftigten niedergeschlagen. Zum anderen erhielten weiterhin viele Arbeitnehmer weniger als den Mindestlohn, was die bislang messbaren negativen Beschäftigungswirkungen mindere.