bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing Syrians in Turkey: State Control and No Crisis Discourse
Authors: Sert Deniz Ş. , Danış Didem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mass arrival of Syrian refugees and their continuing presence have triggered many new debates regarding migration in Turkey, which – as a result of its open‐door policy – now hosts the highest number of refugees in the world. Yet, when we investigate the ways political institutions and actors have framed migration, we observe, unlike in European discourses, the complete absence of the word “crisis”. In public statements by politicians, “control” emerges instead as a recurrent (albeit implicit) theme. Here, management of the refugee issue becomes a sign of state power, exercised through various mechanisms. Through analysis of state discourse on Syrians in the Turkish media, we find that crisis framing has been deliberately avoided, which we contend is a sign of an implicit “silencing” via media control. This choice of discourse reflects a clear policy to manage public reactions to the mass arrival of refugees.
Two functionally distinct subsets of IL‐17 producing γδ T cells
Authors: O’Brien Rebecca L. , Born Willi K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe γδ T cells play an important role in both mice and humans as a source of the cytokine IL‐17, which is key for immune resistance to certain pathogens. In mice, most of these IL‐17 producers, termed γδT‐17 cells, actually comprise two distinct types: those expressing an invariant Vγ6Vδ1+ TCR and those expressing a Vγ4+ TCR. Murine γδT‐17 cells acquire an inherent bias to produce IL‐17 and other “type 17” cytokines during thymic development. The similarities and differences between the two mouse γδT‐17 types are reviewed here, and the potential implications of their differences are discussed. There is some evidence that two distinct TCR‐defined IL‐17‐producing γδ T cell subsets also exist in humans, but unlike the mouse γδT‐17 cells, these cells are probably not imprinted with an IL‐17 bias during thymic development, but rather acquire an IL‐17 bias in the periphery.
Microencapsulation of cells and molecular therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus: The actual state and future perspectives between promise and progress
Authors: Basta Giuseppe , Montanucci Pia , Calafiore Riccardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe history of microencapsulation of live cells started with an idea of Thomas MS Chang in 1964, thereafter applied to isolated pancreatic islets by Anthony M Sun in 1980. The original aim was to provide isolated cells with an immune‐protective shield, to prevent physical contact between the transplanted cells and the host’s immune system, with retention of the microcapsules’ biocompatibility and physical–chemical properties over time. In particular, this revolutionary approach essentially applied to islet grafts, in diabetic recipients who are not immunosuppressed, at a preclinical (rodents) and, subsequently, clinical level. Among the different chemistries potentially suitable for microencapsulation of live cells, alginic acid‐based polymers, originally proposed by Sun, proved to be superior to all others in the following decades. In fact, only alginic acid‐based microcapsules, containing allogeneic islets, ultimately entered pilot human clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as immuno‐selectiveness and biocompatibility of alginic acid‐hydrogels were never matched by other biopolymers. With problems related to human islet procurement coming into a sharper focus, in conjunction with technical limits of the encapsulated islet grafting procedures, new challenges are actually being pursued, with special regard to developing both new cellular systems – able to release immunomodulatory molecules and insulin itself – and new microencapsulation methods, with the use of novel polymeric formulations, under actual scrutiny. The use of embryonic and adult stem cells, within microcapsules, should address the restricted availability of cadaveric human donor‐derived islets, whereas a new generation of newly‐engineered microcapsules could better fulfill issues with graft site and long‐term retention of biopolymer properties.
Relationships between gut microbiota, plasma glucose and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Ting , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Yiyun , Shan Chunjian , Zhang Yingying , Fang Kacey , Xia Yankai , Shi Zhonghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the changes in the gut microbiome in the second trimester of pregnancy associated with later‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their relationship with fasting serum levels of metabolites, especially glucose.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a case–control study with 110 GDM patients and 220 healthy pregnant women who provided fecal samples for 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing in the second trimester of pregnancy.ResultsOur results showed that GDM patients had lower α‐diversity that was significantly associated with glycemic traits. Principal coordinates analysis showed significantly different microbial communities, as within GDM patients, seven genera within the phylum Firmicutes and two within the phylum Actinobacteria were significantly decreased, and four genera within phylum Bacteroidetes were increased. In addition, microbiota co‐occurrence network analysis was carried out, and decreased genera within the phylum Firmicutes in GDM patients showed a significant negative correlation with oral glucose tolerance test values. Finally, microbial gene functions related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were found to be enriched in GDM patients.ConclusionsOur results show the relationship between changed gut microbiota composition in the second trimester of pregnancy before the diagnosis of GDM and fasting serum levels of metabolites, which might inform the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GDM.
In search of well‐being: Factors influencing the movement toward and away from maladaptive consumption
Authors: Boland Wendy Attaya , Martin Ingrid M. , Mason Marlys J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCommon consumption behaviors may become harmful to consumers. Maladaptive consumption is the result of an increase in frequency or amount of everyday, normal consumption (adaptive) behaviors, which may cause significant harm to consumers and society. The authors explore maladaptive behavior and investigate how important insights about maladaptive consumption may lie at the intersection of harm. Consequently, the discussion focuses on how marketers and policymakers, through their strategic approach, can both encourage and mitigate maladaptive behavior. Understanding the transition from adaptive to maladaptive behaviors, and the return to adaptive consumption patterns, is critical for marketers, consumer advocates, and policy researchers, focused on dampening overconsumption with its corresponding harm. A discussion of the implications of maladaptive consumption on consumer health and well‐being sets the foundation for rethinking marketing practice and public policy. Finally, a set of research propositions are offered for future research.
Where and how does fundamental care fit within seminal nursing theories: A narrative review and synthesis of key nursing concepts
Authors: Mudd Alexandra , Feo Rebecca , Conroy Tiffany , Kitson Alison 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo elucidate the synergies between fundamental care and seminal nursing theories.BackgroundNursing theories are often criticised for their limited clinical relevance, with the existence of a theory‐to‐practice gap widely acknowledged. Pervasive examples of poor‐quality care, particularly for people's most fundamental needs, raise questions as to whether nursing theories sufficiently prioritise fundamental care. The Fundamentals of Care Framework (hereinafter “the Framework”) represents a valid, comprehensive and evidence‐based description of fundamental care. The Framework captures the complexity and multidimensionality of fundamental care delivery, predicated on the nurse–patient relationship; integration of physical, psychosocial and relational needs; and a supportive context. Despite strong face validity, the Framework's alignment with seminal nursing theories remains unexplored.DesignNarrative review.MethodTwenty‐nine seminal nursing theories were included. Categories for analysis were developed inductively and deductively, focusing on the themes of relationship, integration of care, context and the theories’ ease of use. Results are reported in accordance with PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.ResultsThough relationship, integration of care and context and were features shared across a number of nursing theories, no single theory depicts these collectively to the same extent as the Framework. In particular, integration of physical, psychosocial and relational aspects of care was found to be poorly described in the theories.ConclusionFailure to account for integration of care means that nursing theories continue to conceptualise fundamental care as a series of discrete tasks. To ensure relevance at the point of care, future nursing theories must accurately reflect the complexities of fundamental care delivery, specifically the need to integrate multiple care needs simultaneously, alongside being straightforward to apply in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceBridging the theory‐to‐practice gap requires a nursing discourse that is relevant at the point of care. We provide suggestions for how future nursing theories can bridge this gap.
Effect of the p38MAPKinhibitor doramapimod on the systemic inflammatory response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide in horses
Authors: Bauquier Jennifer , Tudor Elizabeth , Bailey Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoramapimod, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, is a potent anti‐inflammatory drug that decreases inflammatory cytokine production in equine whole blood in vitro. It may have benefits for treating systemic inflammation in horses.ObjectiveTo determine whether doramapimod is well tolerated when administered IV to horses, and whether it has anti‐inflammatory effects in horses in a low‐dose endotoxemia model.AnimalsSix Standardbred horses.MethodsTolerability study, followed by a blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Horses were given doramapimod, and clinical and clinicopathological variables were monitored for 24 hours. Horses then were treated with doramapimod or placebo, followed by a low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Clinical variables (heart rate, rectal temperature, noninvasive blood pressure), leukocyte count and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) concentrations were measured at multiple time points until 6 hours post‐LPS infusion.ResultsNo adverse effects or clinicopathological changes were seen in the safety study. When treated with doramapimod as compared to placebo, horses had significantly lower heart rates (P= .03), rectal temperatures (P= .03), and cytokine concentrations (P= .03 for TNF‐α and IL‐1β), and a significantly higher white blood cell count (P= .03) after LPS infusion.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDoramapimod has clinically relevant anti‐inflammatory effects in horses, likely mediated by a decrease in leukocyte activation and decrease in the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. To evaluate its potential as a novel treatment for systemic inflammatory response syndrome in horses, clinical trials will be necessary to determine its efficacy in naturally occurring disease.
On utility maximization under model uncertainty in discrete‐time markets
Authors: Rásonyi Miklós , Meireles‐Rodrigues Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of maximizing terminal utility for an agent facing model uncertainty, in a frictionless discrete‐time market with one safe asset and finitely many risky assets. We show that an optimal investment strategy exists if the utility function, defined either on the positive real line or on the whole real line, is bounded from above. We further find that the boundedness assumption can be dropped, provided that we impose suitable integrability conditions, related to some strengthened form of no‐arbitrage. These results are obtained in an alternative framework for model uncertainty, where all possible dynamics of the stock prices are represented by a collection of stochastic processes on the same filtered probability space, rather than by a family of probability measures.
Therapeutic potential of neurogenesis and melatonin regulation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mihardja Mazel , Roy Jaydeep , Wong Kan Yin , Aquili Luca , Heng Boon Chin , Chan Ying‐Shing , Fung Man Lung , Lim Lee Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the hallmark pathologies of amyloid‐beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Symptoms of this devastating disease include behavioral changes and deterioration of higher cognitive functions. Impairment of neurogenesis has also been shown to occur in AD, which adversely impacts new neuronal cell growth, differentiation, and survival. This impairment possibly results from the cumulative effects of the various pathologies of AD. Preclinical studies have suggested that the administration of melatonin—the pineal hormone primarily responsible for the regulation of the circadian rhythm—targets the effects of AD pathologies and improves cognitive impairment. It is postulated that by mitigating the effect of these pathologies, melatonin can also rescue neurogenesis impairment. This review aims to explore the effect of AD pathologies on neurogenesis, as well as the mechanisms by which melatonin is able to ameliorate AD pathologies to potentially promote neurogenesis.
Prevalence of complicated grief and related factors in elderly individuals in Sabzevar City, Iran
Authors: Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Alizadeh Azam , Bidaki Reza , Jambarsang Sara , Hosseini‐Sharifabad Mahdieh 
Published: July 2020

AimAlthough often undiagnosed and untreated, prolonged grief and its conversion to complicated grief (CG) can lead to functional impairment. Given the impact of CG on mortality and quality of life in elderly individuals, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of CG and its related factors among the elderly in the city of Sabzevar in Iran.MethodsThe subjects of this cross‐sectional study were elderly individuals aged 60 years and older who lived Sabzevar in 2019. Participants were randomly selected in two stages. First, the grief experience of 823 elderly individuals was investigated. Second, the 247 individuals who met the inclusion criteria and had experienced grief were assessed for CG. Data were collected with a demographic information questionnaire, the Brief Grief Questionnaire, and the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of CG among the participants who had experienced grief was 18.6%. Significant differences in CG prevalence were observed among participants according to age, gender, marital status, occupation, and relationship to the deceased person (P < 0.05). The prevalence of CG was also significantly associated with the deceased person's age, gender, and cause of death; the participant being the deceased's primary caregiver and the participant being with the deceased at the time of death(P < 0.05). Furthermore, CG was significantly higher in people with mild or severe depression than in non‐depressed participants (P = 0.01). The odds of CG and sub‐threshold CG incidence were 2.94 times higher in women than in men and 3.64 times higher in participants with severe depression than in non‐depressed participants.ConclusionComplicated grief is relatively prevalent among the elderly, and it is associated with age, gender, marital status, depression status, and some variables related to the deat time of the deceased. Given the negative effects of CG on individuals and the community, appropriate planning is needed to reduce its incidence in elderly individuals who have experienced grief.
Kidney transplant recipients infected by COVID‐19: Review of the initial published experience
Authors: Moris Dimitrios , Kesseli Samuel J. , Barbas Andrew S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is an accumulating body of literature surrounding the impact of COVID‐19 infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The aim of this review was to summarize the existing literature specifically in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, post‐operative outcomes, and therapeutic strategies currently employed. We identified thirty‐seven studies published between January 1, 2020, and June 10, 2020, that were included in our analysis. As is reported in the general population, there is a wide variation in COVID‐19 presentation among KTx patients, ranging from asymptomatic to life‐threatening end‐organ failure. The most common symptoms are predominantly respiratory and associated with fever. On laboratory evaluation, many patients present with lymphopenia and increased CRP, which are both associated with inferior outcomes. The majority of patients with severe symptoms have been managed with reduction of immunosuppression, including decreased doses of CNIs and withdrawal of MMF. Lastly, although there are no high‐level data supporting the use of immunomodulatory drugs, such as IL‐6 inhibitors, early experiences have suggested these drugs may improve outcomes in KTx patients with severe COVID‐19.
Electronic clinical decision support to facilitate a change in clinical practice: Small details can make or break success
Authors: Connor Joseph P. , Medow Joshua E. , Ehlenfeldt Bradley D. , Rose Anne E. , Raife Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of electronic clinical decision support (CDS) is becoming common to change historically common clinical practices considered outdated by current guidelines. Preimplementation design of CDS tools is key to their success in changing clinical behaviors. Unfortunately, there are no established protocols for CDS tool development, and CDS failure can result from even small design flaws. This paper describes an example of a design oversight and how correction resulted in CDS success.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of compliance with a CDS tool to encourage the use of prothrombin complex concentrate over plasma transfusion for the emergent reversal of warfarin. We identified a potential design flaw, made the necessary modifications, and repeated the compliance review.ResultsAfter CDS, plasma orders declined by 150 units/mo; however, 48% of orders placed for non‐warfarin coagulopathy were still for warfarin reversal. Hospital‐wide, this noncompliance was 36% and was 80% in the emergency department. By simply relocating the qualifier “NOT on warfarin” from the end to the beginning of the order, noncompliance for warfarin reversal was reduced to 5% (P < .0001 by chi‐square).ConclusionsThe successful use of electronic clinical decision support in the electronic medical record can depend on optimal design. Missing even small design elements such as the positioning of key terms within the tool can result in an ineffective CDS. Important design strategies to avoid poor performance are discussed as they relate to the CDS tool we describe.
Optimizing corneal riboflavin administration in ex vivo horse, dog, rabbit, and pig samples for use in corneal collagen cross‐linking
Authors: Zibura Ashley E. , Cullen Megan A. , Rutledge Haley , Lassalle Laura , Salmon Jacklyn H. , Gilger Brian C. , Westermeyer Hans D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeDetermine optimal iontophoresis times for riboflavin delivery to the corneal stroma across different species and compare these to corneal injection.MethodsEx vivo horse, dog, rabbit, and pig globes were treated with riboflavin administered with either iontophoresis for 2.5‐20 minutes with or without corneal epithelium; or with purpose‐designed precise corneal injection (PCI) application with intact epithelium. Immediately following riboflavin administration, samples were harvested, frozen, and sectioned. Riboflavin penetration was imaged using fluorescence microscopy.ResultsHorse samples processed with iontophoresis without epithelium for 2.5, 5, and 7.5 minutes, and processed with intact epithelium for 20 minutes, had mean percent stromal penetration (%SPmean) of 63.4%, 93.8%, 100.0%, and 0.0% (respectively). Dog samples processed with iontophoresis without epithelium for 2.5 and 5 minutes, had %SPmean of 60.7% and 82.1% (respectively). Pig samples processed with iontophoresis for 5 minutes without and with epithelium had %SPmean of 63.3% and 35.1% (respectively). Rabbit samples processed with iontophoresis without epithelium for 2.5 and 5 minutes, had %SPmean of 81.8% and 100.0% (respectively). For all injected volumes, riboflavin was observed spanning throughout the corneal stroma, and lamellar separation was noted surrounding all sites of injection.ConclusionsBoth iontophoresis and injection via PCI needles provide efficient and effective means of riboflavin administration in ex vivo horse, dog, rabbit, and pig corneas. Epithelial debridement is required for stromal delivery of riboflavin using iontophoresis in horses. Following epithelial removal, riboflavin penetrated through the horse corneal stroma faster than all other species tested.
“Hands-On, Minds-On, and Science-Up”: A Concept-Based Learning Laboratory With a Taste of Research Experience for an Undergraduate Biomedical Engineering Course
Authors: Sigaeva Taisiya , Fiori Cyrus J. B. M. , Pino Alban Maria J. , Beauferris Youssef , Stagg Donovan , Di Martino Elena S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we bridged faculty research expertise with concept-based learning pedagogy to design and implement a unique laboratory experience for biomedical engineering undergraduate students enrolled in the biomechanics of tissues course at the University of Calgary. This laboratory aimed to increase student engagement, facilitate deeper understanding of course content, and provide an opportunity for accelerated undergraduate research through “hands-on,” “minds-on,” and “science-up” learning components, respectively. The laboratory exercise involves testing aortic tissues using a novel miniaturized planar biaxial machine. This type of machine is normally reserved for use in the context of research. The relevance of the proposed laboratory as a teaching tool was assessed using student feedback. Results indicate an overall valuable and positive learning experience for students.
Youth Sport Organizational Structure and Athlete Development
Authors: Armentrout Suzannah Mork , Dutove Julia 
Published: July 2020

Chris Johansen is on the board for the Rockton Yuba Hockey Association, a robust and growing youth hockey association near St. Paul, MN. Parents in the association have brought to his attention a couple issues with the structural organization. Specifically, (1) some think athletes are limited in their opportunity to develop to their fullest potential because of the current structure of the association, and (2) others feel that if the youth hockey association was organized differently this would facilitate retention of players through high school. Chris has been charged by the president of the association to learn more about potential organizational changes and how these changes could impact the players and organization. Based on this information, the advisory committee has been asked to submit a recommendation to the board regarding potential organizational changes. The Integrative Model for Organizational Theory will be used to gain a better understanding of the organizational change process.