bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate activation of invariant natural killer T cells and antigen‐presenting cells with the elevation of HMGB1 in preterm births without acute chorioamnionitis
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Negishi Yasuyuki , Shima Yoshio , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Morita Rimpei , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2020

ProblemAcute chorioamnionitis (aCAM) associated with microbial infection is a primary cause of preterm birth (PB). However, recent studies have demonstrated that innate immunity and sterile inflammation are causes of PB in the absence of aCAM. Therefore, we analyzed immune cells in the decidua of early to moderate PB without aCAM.Method of studyDeciduas were obtained from patients with PB at a gestational age of 24+0 to 33+6 weeks without aCAM in pathological diagnosis. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: patients with labor and/or rupture of membrane (ROM) (no aCAM with labor and/or ROM: nCAM‐w‐LR), and patients without labor and/or ROM (no aCAM without labor and/or ROM: nCAM‐w/o‐LR). The immune cells and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in the decidua were analyzed using flow cytometry. Co‐culture of CD56+ cells with dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages obtained from the decidua was also performed in the presence of HMGB1.ResultsThe nCAM‐w‐LR group demonstrated an accumulation of iNKT cells, and increased expression of HMGB1, TLR4, receptors for advanced glycation end products, and CD1d on DCs and macrophages. HMGB1 facilitated the proliferation of iNKT cells co‐cultured with DCs and macrophages, which was found to be inhibited by heparin.ConclusionsInappropriate activation of innate immune cells and increased HMGB1 expression may represent parturition signs in human pregnancy. Therefore, control of these cells and HMGB1 antigenicity may be represent a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of PB.
Recommendations for prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care during COVID‐19 pandemic in India
Authors: Sharma Jai B. , Sharma Eshani , Sharma Sangeeta , Singh Janmeeta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has affected more than 19.7 million persons worldwide with 7 28 013 deaths till August 10, 2020. It has put an unprecedented workload on healthcare systems with special reference to labor rooms and obstetrics as deliveries cannot be stopped or postponed. Preparing their facilities using triage (COVID‐positive patients, COVID‐suspect patients, and COVID‐negative patients) can help to better utilize the limited resources and help in prevention of spread of disease, and improve maternal and perinatal outcome. There is a need for proper training of healthcare providers for judicious use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for optimum outcome. Fortunately, the available literature suggests that there is no substantial increased risk of acquiring COVID‐19 in pregnancy or its increased virulence in pregnancy and labor and there are no adverse effects on fetus and neonate with negligible fetal transmission rate. Nevertheless, utmost care is needed to manage such pregnancies, their prenatal care, and labor. This review aimed to highlight the main recommendations applied in Indian maternities for better management of pregnancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Unpayable debt
Authors: GUÉRIN ISABELLE , KUMAR SANTOSH 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn recent decades rural South India has witnessed the profound effects of financialization, effects that include growing sexual puritanism, changing kinship patterns, and the redefinition of caste hierarchies. For Dalit women, these transformations have given rise to new forms of debt, sexuality, and sexual‐economic exchanges. Although such exchanges can be compatible with sexual desire and pleasure, Dalit women are nonetheless trapped in new forms of unpayable debt. Their debts, though quantifiable and financial, retain a strong moral component associated with new norms of chastity and monogamy. Far from being mere passive objects of exchange, Dalit women challenge their unpayable debt and struggle to exist both as creditworthy financial subjects and as subjects of desire. In contesting the norms of forced sexuality, these women challenge researchers to rethink the concepts of debt and unpayable debt through the lens of gender and sexuality. [debt, unpayable debt, exchange, obligations, sexuality, gender, feminist anthropology, financialization, India]
GeogEd: A new research group founded on the reciprocal relationship between geography education and the geographies of education
Authors: West Harry , Hill Jennifer , Finn Matt , Healey Ruth L. , Marvell Alan , Tebbett Natalie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2019, the Higher Education Research Group (HERG) formally became the Geography and Education Research Group (GeogEd). What may appear as a simple change in name masks a renewed understanding of the synergies between geography education (at all levels) and the geographies of education. In this paper we contextualise that change through the relationships between the two inter‐related fields. We suggest that these fields are integrally linked, iteratively and reciprocally, and that research across both is vital for a truly holistic understanding of each. We reflect on the discussions and process of forming the new Geography and Education Research Group, which we trust is sensitive to the historic remit of HERG while being inclusive to those working in geography and education beyond higher education. We conclude by looking ahead to a renewed, inclusive, and progressive Research Group, aspiring to be more diverse and enabling fruitful discussions across the geography and education nexus.
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A case report
Authors: Ishiguro Yui , Ishikawa Takahisa , Hamada Takumi , Okada Naoki , Nakagawa Takahito , Kobayashi Seiji , Ogasawara Kazuhiro , Takahashi Hiromasa , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery in patients with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is reportedly associated with increased intracranial pressure secondary to high intraperitoneal pressure and retrograde infection due to intraperitoneal infection. We herein report the first case of transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair without catheter manipulation for a patient with a VP shunt. A 69‐year‐old man with a VP shunt was suspected to have an inguinal hernia based on symptoms and examination findings. With a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 10 mm Hg, the VP shunt was not clamped and mesh was placed while confirming cerebrospinal fluid outflow from the tip of the catheter. The patient developed no shunt‐associated complications and was discharged 3 days postoperatively. TAPP inguinal hernia repair without catheter manipulation is a potential surgical option for patients with a VP shunt.
A cross sectional study of psychotropic medicine use in Australia in 2018: A focus on polypharmacy
Authors: Brett Jonathan , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Daniels Benjamin , Wylie Claire E. , Buckley Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo examine prescribed psychotropic medicine use on a given day in Australia (25 September 2018; World Pharmacists Day), with a focus on psychotropic polypharmacy.MethodsWe used a 10% sample of individual‐level nationwide dispensing claims to examine psychotropic medicine use on a given day. We estimated the prevalence of psychotropic medicine use in all ages stratified by age and sex. We also calculated the observed vs expected (had medicines been randomly combined) prevalence of psychotropic combinations used. We focused on combinations of clinical significance as well combinations of psychotropics with medicines prescribed to manage cardiovascular risk and disease.ResultsSerotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin–noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentinoids dominated psychotropic use. The use of any psychotropic as a proportion of people in the Australian population increased with age, peaking at the 85–89 year age group and declining thereafter. Combinations of medicines from the same subclass generally occurred at lower than expected frequencies. However, combinations including atypical antipsychotics occurred more frequently than expected; e.g. 7.4× with anticonvulsants and 2.2× with other atypical antipsychotics. This was also the case for combinations of sedatives, e.g. anxiolytic with hypnotic benzodiazepines (3.8×). Lipid‐lowering drugs and antidiabetic medicines were combined with psychotropics at frequencies close to those expected had they been randomly combined.ConclusionPsychotropic use in older adults and certain psychotropic combinations that are not well supported with evidence remain prevalent and greater consideration of the drivers of this potentially inappropriate prescribing is required.
Denser brain capillary network with preserved pericytes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fernandez‐Klett Francisco , Brandt Lasse , Fernández‐Zapata Camila , Abuelnor Basim , Middeldorp Jinte , Sluijs Jacqueline A. , Curtis Maurice , Faull Richard , Harris Laura W. , Bahn Sabine , Hol Elly M. , Priller Josef 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPericytes are vascular mural cells that surround capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS). They are crucial for brain development and contribute to CNS homeostasis by regulating blood–brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. It has been suggested that pericytes are lost in Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating this cell type in disease pathology. Here, we have employed state‐of‐the‐art stereological morphometry techniques as well as tissue clearing and two‐photon imaging to assess the distribution of pericytes in two independent cohorts of AD (n = 16 and 13) and non‐demented controls (n = 16 and 4). Stereological quantification revealed increased capillary density with a normal pericyte population in the frontal cortex of AD brains, a region with early amyloid β deposition. Two‐photon analysis of cleared frontal cortex tissue confirmed the preservation of pericytes in AD cases. These results suggest that pericyte demise is not a general hallmark of AD pathology.
Bisphosphonates for delivering drugs to bone
Authors: Sun Shuting , Tao Jianguo , Sedghizadeh Parish P. , Cherian Philip , Junka Adam F. , Sodagar Esmat , Xing Lianping , Boeckman Robert K. , Srinivasan Venkatesan , Yao Zhenqiang , Boyce Brendan F. , Lipe Brea , Neighbors Jeffrey D. , Russell R. Graham G. , McKenna Charles E. , Ebetino Frank H. 
Published: September 2020

Advances in the design of potential bone‐selective drugs for the treatment of various bone‐related diseases are creating exciting new directions for multiple unmet medical needs. For bone‐related cancers, off‐target/non‐bone toxicities with current drugs represent a significant barrier to the quality of life of affected patients. For bone infections and osteomyelitis, bacterial biofilms on infected bones limit the efficacy of antibiotics because it is hard to access the bacteria with current approaches. Promising new experimental approaches to therapy, based on bone‐targeting of drugs, have been used in animal models of these conditions and demonstrate improved efficacy and safety. The success of these drug‐design strategies bodes well for the development of therapies with improved efficacy for the treatment of diseases affecting the skeleton.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer‐related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc
Synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CD19 CAR‐T cells on Raji cells in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Liu Meijing , Wang Xuelin , Li Zheng , Zhang Rui , Mu Juan , Jiang Yanyu , Deng Qi , Sun Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIbrutinib might improve the efficacy of anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CD19 CAR) T‐cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We studied the possibility and mechanism of the synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CAR‐T cells in other types of lymphoma. In this study, we selected the CD19 CAR‐T cells of a patient with lymphoma who failed in his CD19 CAR‐T‐cell therapy and a dose of 8 mg/kg/d ibrutinib. Subcutaneous and tail vein tumorigenic mice were established with Raji cells. The differences in the synergistic effect between these 2 models were compared by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) monitoring and flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of the STAT‐3 signaling pathway was assessed by western blot analysis. There was no synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CD19 CAR‐T cells in vitro. Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) was expressed in 0.23 ± 0.06% of Raji cells. In the subcutaneous tumorigenic model, the luciferase signal was reduced significantly in the group receiving ibrutinib combined with CD19 CAR‐T cells. Moreover, the proportion of CD19 CAR‐T cells was higher in the polytherapy group than in the CAR‐T‐cell monotherapy group. However, we did not get an analogous synergistic effect in the tail vein tumorigenic model. STAT‐3 signaling pathway expression in the residual tumor cells did not differ between those with and those without ibrutinib, suggesting that the IL‐10/STAT‐3/PD‐L1 pathway was not involved in the synergistic effect. Therefore, some other mechanism might be a target for ibrutinib. Our results provide evidence for the use of ibrutinib in polytherapy for other types of B‐cell lymphoma.
Creating a culture of participation: Early childhood education and care educators in the face of change
Authors: Weckström Elina , Karlsson Liisa , Pöllänen Sinikka , Lastikka Anna‐Leena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study reports on critical participatory research in an early childhood education and care centre in Finland. The objective was to study which elements are critical in the development and construction of a culture of participation. The data comprise conversations, team meetings and educators' diaries. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that a culture of participation requires four elements: (a) a shared understanding of the image of the child, (b) a shared understanding of professional development, (c) leadership and (d) a shared we‐narrative that enables the comprehensive understanding, promotion and maintenance of a culture of participation.
Marginal soft tissue recession after lateral guided bone regeneration at implant site: A long‐term study with at least 5 years of loading
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Nieri Michele , Cavalcanti Raffaele , Landi Luca , Rupe Antonio , Sforza Nicola Marco , Pace Riccardo , Barbato Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground/aimThis study evaluated marginal soft tissue recession at implants with simultaneous lateral guided bone regeneration (GBR), at least five years after prosthetic loading.Material and methodsPatients treated with GBR at the time of implant placement and adherent to supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) program with at least 5 years of follow‐up were re‐examined in 5 clinical centers. At the last follow‐up, clinical and radiographic data on peri‐implant hard and soft tissue were collected. Multilevel analysis considering center, patient, and implant (brand, length, diameter, position) was performed.ResultsA total of 96 patients and 195 augmented implants were included. The mean duration of SPT was 8.3 ± 3.1 years, while mean recall frequency was 4.5 ± 1.3 months. Sixty‐five (33%) implants received soft tissue graft before prosthetic delivery. Twenty‐one (11%) implants developed biological complications during the follow‐up. No implant failure was reported. Mean difference in bone levels (ΔBL) was −0.7 ± 0.9 mm, while mean difference in keratinized tissue (ΔKT) was −0.4 ± 0.9 mm. Eighty‐five (44%) implants showed recession (REC) of soft tissue margin (mean 0.6 ± 0.8 mm). The presence of REC was associated with use of non‐resorbable membrane (p < .0001) and wider implant diameter (p = .0305), while use of soft tissue graft significantly predicted higher stability of peri‐implant mucosal margin (p = .0003).ConclusionPeri‐implant mucosal recession is a common feature 5 years after lateral GBR. The risk of recession may be reduced using GBR with resorbable membranes, small diameter implants, and soft tissue grafting before prosthetic treatment.
Dopamine neurons in the ventral periaqueductal gray modulate isoflurane anesthesia in rats
Authors: Liu Chengxi , Zhou Xiao , Zhu Qiuyu , Fu Bao , Cao Song , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yi , Yu Tian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsGeneral anesthesia has been applied in surgery for more than 170 years, and there is little doubt that GABAA receptors have an important role as anesthetic molecular targets, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear. Increasing researchers have shown that dopaminergic pathways in the brain are crucial for sleep and wake. General anesthesia‐induced unconsciousness and natural sleep share some neural correlates. However, the role of GABAA receptors in ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) dopamine (DA) neurons in the isoflurane‐induced unconsciousness has yet to be identified.MethodsIn the present study, we used calcium fiber photometry recording to explore that the activity of ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) neurons. Then, rats were unilaterally microinjected with 6‐hydroxydopamine into the vPAG area to determine the role of vPAG‐DA neurons in isoflurane‐induced‐anesthesia. Furthermore, thirty SD rats were divided into three groups: a GABAAR agonist‐muscimol group, a GABAAR antagonist‐gabazine group, and a control group. Finally, whole‐cell patch clamp was used to examine the effects of isoflurane and GABAA receptor agonist/antagonist on vPAG‐DA neurons.ResultsThe vPAG neurons were markedly inhibited during isoflurane anesthesia induction and that these neurons were activated during emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Lesion to the vPAG‐DA neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the emergence time while increasing δ power in isoflurane anesthesia. Intracerebral injection of the GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol) into the vPAG accelerated the induction of anesthesia and delayed recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, with a decrease of δ power and an augment of β power. Injection of GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine generated the opposite effects. Isoflurane enhanced GABAergic transmission, and GABAA receptor agonist partly increased isoflurane‐induced inhibition of vPAG‐DA neurons, while GABAA receptor antagonist evidently attenuated GABAergic transmission.ConclusionOur results suggest that vPAG‐DA neurons are involved in isoflurane anesthesia through activation of the GABAA receptor.
Automating smart Internet of Things devices in modern homes using context‐based fuzzy logic
Authors: Ming Chen , Kadry Seifedine , Dasel A. Antony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is mainly used to connect different embedded objects over the internet to make communication between them possible. With the help of IoT, devices find a way to interact, work together, and study from each other's experiences just like humans do. IoT finds its way in applications such as smart home, smart city, healthcare, agriculture, and so on. The name smart home arises due to the automation of the normal home appliances to make it smart. When the devices of the normal smart home are connected via the internet, they become a part of the IoT. The smart home should ensure the following characteristics such as security, comfort, convenience, and energy saving. The article presents a technique for IoT controlled devices in a smart home using context‐based fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is mainly used to monitor and analyze the real‐time data collected from the sensors in the smart homes from various environments. Context‐based fuzzy logic uses a multivalued logic principle which differs from the normal Boolean logic, where the truth value lies between only zero and one (ie, true or false). The proposed smart home is implemented in a real case scenario where it yields an accuracy of 90.5%, response time of 6.41 milliseconds, and an F‐measure of 97%.
Three Key considerations for biodiversity conservation in multilateral agreements
Authors: Burgass Michael J. , Larrosa Cecilia , Tittensor Derek P. , Arlidge William N. S. , Caceres Hernan , Camaclang Abbey , Hampton Shannon , McLaverty Ciaran , Nicholson Emily , Muposhi Victor K. , Pinto Carolina M. , Rowland Jessica A. , Stevenson Simone L. , Watermeyer Kate E. , Milner‐Gulland E.J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is nearly three decades since the world recognized the need for a global multilateral treaty aiming to address accelerating biodiversity loss. However, biodiversity continues to decline at a concerning rate. Drawing on lessons from the implementation of the current strategic plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the 2010 Aichi Targets, we highlight three interlinked core areas, which require attention and improvement in the development of the post‐2020 Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. They are: (1) developing robust theories of change which define agreed, adaptive plans for achieving targets; (2) using models to evaluate assumptions and effectiveness of different plans and targets; and (3) identifying the common but differentiated responsibilities of different actors/states/countries within these plans. We demonstrate how future multilateral agreements must not focus only on what needs to be done but also on how it should be done, using measurable steps, which make sense at the scales at which biodiversity change happens.
Expression of connexin 43 by atypical fibroxanthoma
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Varela‐Vazquez Adrian , Mayan Maria D. , Fonseca Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionConnexins are transmembrane channel proteins that interconnect adjacent cells and allow the exchange of signaling molecules between cells and the extracellular milieu. They have been investigated in many tumors to obtain information about tumor nature, behavior, and prognosis.MethodsHerein, we present a study on the immunohistochemical expression of connexin (Cx) 43 in 16 cases of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). For the immunohistochemical staining, a tissue array was obtained from the paraffin‐embedded blocks.ResultsThe expression was membranous and cytoplasmic in all cases. Thirteen cases (81.25%) showed strong staining. In the other three cases (18.75%), the staining was medium. None of the cases showed nuclear staining. Fifteen out of 16 cases showed a diffuse pattern, and only one case showed a focal pattern.ConclusionsOur results suggest that Cx43 may play an important role in the natural behavior of AFX.