bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbol Digit Modalities Test Variant in a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study
Authors: van Oirschot Pim , Heerings Marco , Wendrich Karine , den Teuling Bram , Martens Marijn B , Jongen Peter J 
Published: October 2020

Background
The decline of cognitive processing speed (CPS) is a common dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is widely used to formally quantify CPS. We implemented a variant of the SDMT in MS sherpa, a smartphone app for persons with MS.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the MS sherpa smartphone variant of the SDMT (sSDMT).

Methods
We performed a validation study with 25 persons with relapsing-remitting MS and 79 healthy control (HC) subjects. In the HC group, 21 subjects were matched to the persons with MS with regard to age, gender, and education and they followed the same assessment schedule as the persons with MS (the “HC matched” group) and 58 subjects had a less intense assessment schedule to determine reference values (the “HC normative” group). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined between the paper-and-pencil SDMT and its smartphone variant (sSDMT) on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart. Other ICCs were determined for test-retest reliability, which were derived from 10 smartphone tests per study participant, with 3 days in between each test. Seven study participants with MS were interviewed regarding their experiences with the sSDMT.

Results
The SDMT scores were on average 12.06% higher than the sSDMT scores, with a standard deviation of 10.68%. An ICC of 0.838 was found for the construct validity of the sSDMT in the combined analysis of persons with MS and HC subjects. Average ICCs for test-retest reliability of the sSDMT for persons with MS, the HC matched group, and the HC normative group were 0.874, 0.857, and 0.867, respectively. The practice effect was significant between the first and the second test of the persons with MS and the HC matched group and trivial for all other test-retests. The interviewed study participants expressed a positive attitude toward the sSDMT, but they also discussed the importance of adapting a smartphone cognition test in accordance with the needs of the individual persons with MS.

Conclusions
The high correlation between sSDMT and the conventional SDMT scores indicates a very good construct validity. Similarly, high correlations underpin a very good test-retest reliability of the sSDMT. We conclude that the sSDMT has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor CPS in persons with MS, both in clinical studies and in clinical practice.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE USING IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING ANNONA MURICATA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: JOSE BEENA , THOMAS FEMY 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study is the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Annona muricata aqueous leaf extract, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles and evaluation of the antibacterial, photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity.
Methods: The iron oxide nanoparticle was synthesized using Annona muricata aqueous leaf extract and the crystal structure of the iron oxide nanoparticle was determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated using Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells and the antibacterial assay was conducted using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The UV-Visible spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticle showed a maximum absorption peak at 265 nm. This is the XRD pattern of iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a distinct peak at 26.029 (2θ), accounting for crystal plane (211). SEM images revealed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were aggregated as irregular sphere shapes with rough surfaces. TEM image reveals the size of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are spherical in shape with an average size of 20 nm. Green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract effectively degraded methylene blue dye.
Conclusion: This study showed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Annona muricata aqueous leaf extract exhibited pronounced antibacterial, anticancer and photocatatytic activity and can be used in the textile industry for the purification of water contaminated with carcinogenic textile dyes. It can also be used as an external antiseptic in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF OLDENLANDIA CORYMBOSA AGAINST ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS
Authors: ELWON CAYSANDRA AUDREY MICHELLE , SHAH MUHAMMAD DAWOOD , IQBAL MOHAMMAD 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic potentials of aqueous extract of O. corymbosa against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.
Methods: O. corymbosa extract was tested for phytochemical screening, total phenolic, flavonoids content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (65 mg/kg b. w i. v). The aqueous extract of O. corymbosa at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered through gavage feeding daily to diabetic induced rats for 14 d. The effect of aqueous extract of O. corymbosa was assessed on blood glucose, body weight, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, glutathione and lipid profile. Pancreatic tissues were also examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining methods.
Results: Phytochemical screening shows the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatannins and flavonoids. Total phenolic content was found to be 22.85±0.21 mg/g, IC50 is 450±1.39 µg/ml and total flavonoids content was found to be 4.25±0.09 mg/g of extract. The results of the present study showed that O. corymbosa can lower blood glucose and lipid parameters except for HDL. The levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT and GSH were increased along with the decreased in LPO level by the pre-treatment of animals with O. corymbosa. Microscopic examination of pancreatic sections revealed that diabetic rats treated with O. corymbosa extracts at either dose have normal architecture structure of islets.
Conclusion: These results indicate that O. corymbosa may be effective as a hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic agent.
PdFeCo Supported on N-rGO as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Methanol Oxidation and High Stability Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Vietanti Frizka , Wang Chen-Hao 
Published: October 2020

In this study, we have synthesized nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) supported ternary PdFeCo nanoparticle by three methods. A hydrothermal method to synthesize N-rGO, an emulsion method to synthesize PdFeCo nanoparticle, and a rota-evaporation to synthesize PdFeCo/N-rGO composite. A bifunctional PdFeCo/N-rGO exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards both methanol oxidation and stability in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). During methanol oxidation reaction, PdFeCo/N-rGO exhibited stronger methanol tolerance than Pt/C. In stability ORR, PdFeCo/N-rGO exhibited 2.85 times greater than Pt/C in ORR stability. The high performance of PdFeCo/N-rGO was attributed by strong bonding of structure. A strong bonding of transition metals in Pd based catalyst can servemethanol tolerance and stability during ORR activity.
ANALISIS MODEL MENTAL SISWA MENGGUNAKAN TES DIAGNOSTIK MODEL MENTAL TWO-TIER (TDM-TWO-TIER) PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Armawita Armawita , Okmarisa Heppy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research was instigated by student mental model that was not intact on Reaction Rate lesson. It aimed at analyzing and knowing student mental model through Two-Tier (TDM-Two-Tier) Mental Model Diagnostics Test instrument (TDM-Two-Tier) on Reaction Rate lesson at State Senir High School 2 Pekanbaru. This research was conducted at the first semester in the Academic Year of 2019/2020. It was Descriptive quantitative research. The data in this research were collected by Two-Tier (TDM-Two-Tier) Mental Model Diagnostics Test instrument, interview, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by using Descriptive analysis. Purposive Sampling technique was used in this research. The samples of this research were 36 students at the eleventh grade of MIPA 2 of State Senior High School 2 Pekanbaru. The research findings showed that student mental model was not intact. It could be seen from the mean score of student mental model that was obtained from TDM-Two-Tier Diagnostics Test, Scientifically Correct (SC) of intact mental model or Scientifics was 47%, Partially Correct (PC) or partial mental model or alternative was 48%, students were able to understand the macroscopic level was 12%, symbolic level was 17% and submicroscopic level was 19% and Specific Misconception (SM) or misconception was 5%. Keywords: Mental Model, TDM-Two-Tier, Reaction Rate
Translation Shift in English into Indonesian Subtitle of Guzaarish Movie
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur 
Published: October 2020

This research aims to find out the types of shift and to know the most dominant type of shifts found in the English to Indonesian subtitle of “Guzaarish” movie. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The analysis shows that there are two types of translation shifts in the Guzarish movie subtitle. The translation shift is related to the various ways of an expression in the source text has been translated into the target text. The type of shifts found is both level and category shift as 242 data. The level shift shows 93 data or 38.43 %. The level shift occurs when an SL item has equivalent in a TL translation at the different linguistic levels of its own such as grammatical or lexical. The category shift shows total data 149 data or 61.57 %. Category shift is related to departures from formal correspondence in translation. The category shift consists of several types, they are structure shift as 80 data or 33.06 %, intra-system shift as 61 data or 25.21 %, rank/unit shift as 7 data or 2.89 %, and class shift as only 1 data or 0.41 %. It shows that the most dominant type of shift in “Guzaarish” movie subtitle is the category shift, especially the structure shift. It usually occurs at all levels. It is indicated by a situation when there are two different languages that have a different structural element.
Dampak Pernikahan Usia Dini Terhadap Pola Asuh Dan Karakter Anak
Authors: Gusnarib Gusnarib , Rosnawati Rosnawati 
Published: October 2020

Abstract[English]: The problems discussed in this research are what is the impact that occurs on parenting and the character of children born from early marriage? What factors support and inhibit early marriage?. The method used in this study is qualitative research, research location in the village of Lumbu Tarombo, South Banawa District, Donggala Regency. Data collection techniques used are field research. The results of the research was : (1) The impact that occurs on parenting and character of children born from early marriage. Early marriage has an impact on children's parenting that is not good, rough and hard and sometimes too spoils children so that children are born with whiny, temperamental, spoiled and stubborn characters. (2) Factors supporting the occurrence of early marriage in the research location include: economic factors, love, matchmaking and due to promiscuity and the factors that hinder the occurrence of early marriage in that location, namely: the application of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and the number of local children who take formal education so that they can add insight into the early marriage that can be minimized Abstrak[Indonesia]: Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dampak yang terjadi pada pola asuh dan karakter anak yang terlahir dari pernikahan usia dini? Faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan menghambat terjadinya pernikahan usia dini?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di desa Lumbu Tarombo Kecamatan Banawa Selatan, Kabupaten Donggala. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu : (1) Dampak yang terjadi pada pola asuh dan karakter anak yang terlahir dari pernikahan usia dini. Pernikahan usia dini berdampak pada pola asuh anak yang kurang baik, kasar dan keras serta terkadang terlalu memanjakan anak sehingga terlahir anak-anak dengan karakter yang cengeng, tempramen, manja dan keras kepala. (2) Faktor-faktor pendukung terjadinya pernikahan usia dini di lokasi penelitian antara lain: faktor ekonomi, cinta, perjodohan dan akibat pergaulan bebas serta faktor-faktor yang menghambat terjadinya pernikahan usia dini di lokasi tersebut yaitu: penerapan UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan dan banyaknya anak-anak daerah yang menempuh pendidikan formal sehingga menambah wawasan mereka pada akhirnya pernikahan usia dini dapat diminimalisirkan
Tokoh Lintas Agama Merawat Kerukunan Umat (Belajar Multikultural Dari Kota Malang)
Authors: Ikhwan M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract[English]: This study explains the experience of interfaith leaders in realizing religious harmony in Malang. The theory will be used the idea of spiritual connection and the meaning of religious peace on sharia and human rights theory. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological research approach. The research subject is an interfaith figure in Malang, who is incorporated in the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB). The type of data presented is primary data from the results of in-depth interviews with the research subjects. The data that has been collected is analyzed in five stages, namely transcribing data as it is, reducing and eliminating data, classifying data, validating data, and making a description as a final report. The results of this study are twofold: The first, Malang City interfaith leaders are active in anticipating and resolving conflicts and maintaining religious harmony that has been created in various ways such as dialogue, silaturrahim and cooperation. The second, the interfaith leaders of Malang interpret religious harmony by mutual tolerance, mutual respect, and mutual freedom in terms of social and humanity but still in their faith by not uniting them.Abstrak[Indonesia]: Penelitian in menjelaskan pengalaman tokoh lintas agama dalam mewujudkan kerukunan umat beragama di Kota Malang. Teori yang akan digunakan adalah teori kerukunan umat beragama, teori hukum islam dan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian fenomenologi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah tokoh lintas agama di Kota Malang yang tergabung di Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB). Jenis data yang disajikan adalah data primer dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan para subjek penelitian. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan lima tahapan yaitu mentranskrip data apa adanya, mereduksi dan mengeliminasi data, mengklasifikasi data, memvalidasi data, dan membuat deskripsi sebagai laporan akhir. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ada dua: Pertama, tokoh lintas agama Kota Malang aktif dalam mengantisipasi dan menyelesaiakan konflik serta memelihara kerukunan umat beragama yang sudah tercipta dengan berbagai cara seperti berdialog, silaturrahim dan gotong royong. Kedua, tokoh lintas agama Kota Malang memaknai kerukunan umat beragama dengan saling toleran, saling menghormati, dan saling memberi kebebasan dalam hal sosial dan kemanusiaan namun tetap dalam iman masing-masing dengan tidak menyatukannya.
Evaluating the Benefits of Kinetic Monte Carlo and Microkinetic Modeling for Catalyst Design Studies in the Presence of Lateral Interactions
Authors: Li Xiao , Grabow Lars 
Published: October 2020

Popular computational catalyst design strategies rely on the identification of reactivity descriptors, which can be used along with Brønsted−Evans−Polanyi (BEP) and scaling relations as input to a microkinetic model (MKM) to make predictions for activity or selectivity trends. The main benefit of this approach is related to the inherent dimensionality reduction of the large material space to just a few catalyst descriptors. Conversely, it is well documented that a small set of descriptors is insufficient to capture the intricacies and complexities of a real catalytic system. The inclusion of coverage effects through lateral adsorbate-adsorbate interactions can narrow the gap between simplified descriptor predictions and real systems, but mean-field MKMs cannot properly account for local coverage effects. This shortcoming of the mean-field approximation can be rectified by switching to a lattice-based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method using cluster expansion representation of adsorbate−adsorbate lateral interactions. Using the prototypical CO oxidation reaction as an example, we critically evaluate the benefits of kMC over MKM in terms of trend prediction accuracy and computational cost. After confirming that in the absence of lateral interactions the kMC and MKM approaches yield identical trends and mechanistic information, we observed substantial differences between the two kinetic models when lateral interactions were introduced. The difference, however, is mainly manifested in the absolute rates, surface coverages and the optimal descriptor values, whereas relative activity trends remain largely intact. Moreover, the nature of the rate-determining step as identified using Campbell’s degree of rate control is also consistent between both approaches. Considering that the computational cost of MKM is ca. three orders of magnitude lower than for a kMC simulation, the MKM approach does provide the best balance between accuracy and efficiency when used in the context of computational catalyst screening.
POBREZA AGRARIA Y SHOCK DE INGRESOS EN PUNO: UN ANÁLISIS EN BASE A LA ENAHO
Authors: Zegarra Mendez Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se analiza la evolución de la pobreza monetaria en las unidades de agricultura familiar en Puno para el periodo 2007 al 2015 en base a datos de la ENAHO. La importante reducción de pobreza en la región entre 2007 y 2012 empieza a detenerse en 2013, y entre 2014 y 2015 se observa por primera vez un aumento en la tasa de pobreza general y en la de los hogares agropecuarios. Dada la forma que toma este incremento de pobreza, planteamos que se habría originado en un shock negativo de ingresos en las zonas urbanas afectadas por la desaceleración económica, el cual ha tenido efectos adversos en los ingresos agropecuarios, especialmente de los más articulados al mercado. Adicionalmente, generamos una estimación tipo Probit para analizar el perfil de pobreza de los hogares agropecuarios de Puno de acuerdo a características como rango de edad y tamaño, lengua materna, género y educación del jefe de hogar, entre otras variables. El análisis sugiere algunos temas a incorporar a la agenda de políticas para reducir de manera más efectiva y sostenible la pobreza en el campo de Puno en los próximos años.
Pengembangan Profil Outlet Pada Pusat Perbelanjaan Mataram Mall
Authors: Zuhaedi Lalu Arkan , Priyanto Dadang 
Published: October 2020

Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi informasi berkembang cukup pesat dan menghasilkan inovasi-inovasi baru yang senantiasa terus berubah ke arah yang lebih baik. Pada kenyataannya masih banyak pusat perbelanjaan atau toko yang membuat pembelinya kesusahan untuk mengetahui dan mencari produk yang diinginkan, karena bangunan pusat perbelanjaan yang begitu luas dengan banyak toko atau outlet yang berjejer didalamnya. Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas penulis akan mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi profil outlet pada pusat perbelanjaan berbasis multimedia. Agar informasi dari masing-masing toko atau outlet tersebut dapat di sampaikan dengan lebih interaktif, menarik, dan mempermudah pengunjung mencari barang yang di butuhkan. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan oleh penulis pada penelitian ini adalah metode versi Luther Sutopo yang memiliki enam tahap yaitu tahap Concept (Konsep), Design (Perancangan), Material Collecting (Pengumpulan Bahan), Assembly (Pembuatan), Testing (Ujicoba) dan Distribution (Distribusi). Hasil atau keluaran yang akan dicapai yaitu sebuah aplikasi profil outlet pada pusat perbelanjaan mataram mall berbasis multimedia yang melibatkan elemen-elemen multimedia seperti teks, gambar, suara, dan animasi yang dikemas dalam media penyimpanan DVD yang dapat dijalankan di media elektronik yaitu PC (Personal Computer). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh selama melakukan penelitian ini, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa aplikasi yang dibangun sangat membantu pengunjung dalam proses pencarian informasi toko atau outlet dengan lebih mudah dan cepat.
Perancangan Media Kampanye Komunikasi Persuasif Dampak Pernikahan Dini Di Lombok Barat
Authors: Yasa Miyarta , Azis Muhammad Fathul 
Published: October 2020

Marriage is identical with happiness, every couple who goes through marriage hopes that their marriage will go well. To achieve this requires readiness, both in terms of thinking and financial maturity. A good age according to experts, a person to get married is 25 years for men and 21 years for women. But unfortunately many in the marriage community occur at a very young age, which we often call early marriage. . Based on the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) the number of child marriages (18 years and under) in Indonesia is increasing. Early marriages occur usually not based on mature considerations, but are more dominated by personal needs, family economic factors, educational factors, hereditary adat factors, and mental factors of adolescents. Persuasive communication is one of the effective communication methods to influence someone in this case persuasive communication with video media is expected to be able to influence the public to suppress underage marriages. Data collection methods in this case use the Design Thingking method. the design of public service video advertisements about the risk of early marriage in West Lombok is Soft Sell, namely the concept of conveying the contents of messages indirectly to the intended target audience, and also having a comedy or comedy genre concept in it. The concepts used to influence the audience include the choice of color, font and also every scene in the video. For the color itself the authors use bright colors, cheerful and pleasant, also the selection of fonts that look relaxed and light. so this public service ad is easy to remember and influences the target audience following the advice in the campaign video.

Keywords: campaign, persuasive communication, early marriage.