bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A newly described cutaneous reaction at sites of insulin pump use in a child with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Perez Victoria A. , Husain Sameera , Magro Cynthia M. , Strom Mark A. , Williams Kristen M. , Levin Laura E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), or insulin pumps, with or without continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have become the standard of care for patients with type 1 diabetes. While increasingly popular, a wide range of reported skin reactions to CSII and CGM devices was found. We present this case of a pyogenic granuloma‐like neutrophilic and granulomatous response to an insulin pump to increase awareness of a previously uncharacterized cutaneous adverse reaction at insulin pump infusion sites.
Reconsidering the Alleged Cases of Knowledge from Falsehood*
Authors: Lee Kok Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA number of philosophers have recently proposed several alleged cases of “knowledge from falsehood,” i.e., cases of inferential knowledge epistemised by an inference with a false crucial premise. This paper examines such cases and argues against interpreting them as cases of knowledge from falsehood. Specifically, I argue that the inferences in play in such cases are in no position to epistemise their conclusions.
Purification of cryopreserved camel spermatozoa following protease‐based semen liquefaction by lectin‐functionalized DNA‐defrag magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Rateb Sherif A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough incorporating proteases into sperm medium is considered the most effective procedure to eliminate camel semen viscosity, it drastically affects viability, morpho‐functional properties and, hence, fertilization potential of spermatozoa. The present work aimed at evaluating adequacy of employing magnetic nanoparticles‐based sperm purification technique for eluting impaired and apoptotic camel spermatozoa from cryopreserved semen doses following protease‐based semen liquefaction. Thirty cryopreserved semen doses (50 x 106 sperm/straw) representing the following liquefaction treatments: control (untreated), 0.1 mg/ml papain or 5 U/ml bromelain were used (n = 10 straws per treatment). Immediately after thawing (38°C for 40 s), sperm concentration of each straw within treatment was readjusted to 15 x 106 sperm/mL by dilution in PBS (37°C). Sperm physical and cytological properties were then assessed (non‐purified semen). Thereafter, each specimen was subjected to lectin‐functionalized DNA‐defrag magnetic nanoparticles sperm purification, and the same sperm traits were re‐evaluated after undergoing purification (purified semen). Sperm DNA fragmentation level within each group, prior to and after magnetic nano‐purification, was also determined by fluorescent imaging. The results showed a dramatic improvement (p < .05) in post‐thaw motility (%), viability (%), normal sperm (%), intact acrosome (%) and HOST‐reacted (%) spermatozoa in protease‐liquefied semen following sperm magnetic nano‐purification. Additionally, the highest (p < .05) DNA fragmentation level was recorded in all cryopreserved semen groups prior to purification, whereas the lowest (p < .05) was observed in the protease‐treated specimens after magnetic nano‐purification. These results indicate that protease‐based semen liquefaction prior to cryopreservation in conjunction with magnetic nano‐purification post‐thawing holds potential for reducing the proportion of damaged and dead spermatozoa, hence improving camel sperm fertilization competence.
Spatiotemporal Modelling using Integro-Difference Equations with Bivariate Stable Kernels
Authors: Richardson Robert , Kottas Athanasios , Sansó Bruno 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAn integro-difference equation can be represented as a hierarchical spatiotemporal dynamic model using appropriate parameterizations. The dynamics of the process defined by an integro-difference equation depends on the choice of a bivariate kernel distribution, where more flexible shapes generally result in more flexible models. Under a Bayesian modelling framework, we consider the use of the stable family of distributions for the kernel, as they are infinitely divisible and offer a variety of tail behaviours, orientations and skewness. Many of the attributes of the bivariate stable distribution are controlled by a measure, which we model using a flexible Bernstein polynomial basis prior. The method is the first attempt to incorporate non-Gaussian kernels in a two-dimensional integro-difference equation model and will be shown to improve prediction over the Gaussian kernel model for a data set of Pacific sea surface temperatures.
A comparison of platelet quality between platelets from healthy donors and hereditary hemochromatosis donors over seven‐day storage
Authors: Mikaelsdottir Marta , Vidarsson Brynjar , Runarsson Gudmundur , Bjarnadottir Una , Onundarson Pall T. , Sigurjonsson Olafur E. , Halldorsdottir Anna M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic phlebotomy is the standard treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most common genetic disease in people of Northern European descent. Red cell concentrates from HH donors have been reported safe for transfusion, but little data is available on the storage properties of platelet concentrates from HH donors.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood was collected from 10 healthy individuals and 10 newly diagnosed HH patients with elevated serum ferritin. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was prepared and split into four 20‐mL units. Platelet quality tests were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of storage, including platelet aggregation (ADP, arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine agonists), blood gas analysis, flow cytometry (CD41, CD42b, and CD62P expression), and ELISA (sCD40L and sCD62p in supernatant).ResultsMean serum ferritin levels were higher in HH patients than in controls (847.5 vs 45.8 ng/mL, P < .001). Overall, no difference in quality test results was observed between the two study groups over 7‐day storage (P > .05), including blood gas analysis, platelet aggregation, and expression of surface (CD62p and CD42b) and secreted (sCD62P and sCD40L) activation markers. Expected alterations in metabolic (CO2 and glucose decrease, O2 and lactate increase, P < .001) and platelet activation markers (CD42b decrease, CD62P increase, P < .05) over time were observed in both groups.ConclusionAlthough these findings indicate that platelets of individuals with HH are comparable to platelets from healthy donors, more extensive studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.
Severity of albuminuria as an early indicator for wound healing in type 2 diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ling Xiang‐Wei , Wang Hai‐Shuang , Wan Li , Guo Hai‐Lei , Liu Zheng‐Jun , Lin Cai , Zhang Xing‐Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of albuminuria and wound healing in type 2 diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 121 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were recruited from January 2015 to June 2017 and divided into nonproliferation and proliferation groups according to their healing status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors of wound proliferation. Skin biopsies were also taken from normal tissue near the wound in 54 participants. The microvessel density as well as the relationships among the microvessel density, albuminuria and wound proliferation were evaluated. Results showed that in a multiple linear regression model, factors including body‐mass index, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria showed independently significant association with wound healing in patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated albuminuria as a predicator for wound healing with a cutoff value of 32 mg/g. Meanwhile, normoalbuminuric patients showed significantly higher level of skin microvessels density than microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria patients, while microalbuminuria patients also had statistically more microvessels that macroalbuminuria patients. The microvessel density were statistically significantly higher in the proliferation group than that in the nonproliferation group. In summary, this study suggested that albuminuria can be used as an independent indicator for the healing of type 2 diabetic foot ulcers.
Computational Design of Compositionally Graded Alloys for Property Monotonicity
Authors: Kirk Tanner , Malak Richard , Arroyave Raymundo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) exhibit spatial gradients in properties that can be exploited to satisfy multiple conflicting performance objectives in the same part. Compositionally graded alloys are a subclass of FGMs that have received increased attention with the development of metal additive manufacturing. However, the formation of secondary phases can often lead to cracks or deleterious properties in these materials. In prior work, a computational methodology was presented that can design compositional gradients to avoid these phases at any temperature without the need to visualize phase diagrams (Kirk et al., 2018, “Computational Design of Gradient Paths in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 140(11), p. 111410). The methodology optimizes gradient paths through composition space for a specified cost function, but prior work only considered minimizing path length or maximizing the distance from undesirable phases. In this work, a new cost function is presented to produce compositional paths with optimal property gradients. Specifically, monotonicity is presented as the optimal quality of a pathwise property gradient because monotonic property gradients can be transformed to nearly any form on the part by controlling deposition rate. The proposed cost function uses a metric for non-monotonicity to find the shortest path with monotonic properties and is shown to be compatible with optimal path planners. A synthetic case study examines the effect of a cost function parameter on the trade-off between length and monotonicity. The cost function is also demonstrated in the Fe-Co-Cr system to find a compositional path with monotonic gradients in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The deposition of the path on a hypothetical part is then planned subject to a maximum deposition rate and CTE gradient. Future work is proposed to extend the framework to optimize multiple properties at once and to incorporate multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) techniques into a complete design methodology for functionally graded metal parts.
Necrotising enterocolitis in newborns receiving diazoxide
Authors: Prado Laura A , Castro Marina , Weisz Dany E , Jain Amish , Belik Jaques 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFrequent and severe gastrointestinal disturbances have been reported with the use of diazoxide in adults and older children. However, no studies have investigated the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in diazoxide-exposed newborns.ObjectiveTo evaluate a possible association between diazoxide treatment for neonatal hypoglycaemia and the occurrence of NEC.DesignMulticentre retrospective cohort study.SettingThree tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Toronto, Canada.PatientsAll patients treated with diazoxide for persistent hypoglycaemia between July 2012 and June 2017 were included. Overall incidence of NEC during those years on the participating units was obtained for comparison from the Canadian Neonatal Network database.Main outcomeIncidence of NEC after diazoxide exposure.ResultsFifty-five neonates were exposed to diazoxide during the study period. Eighteen patients (33%) showed signs of feeding intolerance, and 7 developed NEC (13%). A diagnosis of NEC was more prevalent in the diazoxide-exposed, as compared with non-exposed infants of similar gestational age (OR 5.07, 95% CI 2.27 to 11.27; p<0.001), and greatest among infants born at 33–36 weeks’ gestation (OR 13.76, 95% CI 3.77 to 50.23; p<0.001). All but one of the neonates diagnosed with NEC developed the disease within 7 days from initiation of diazoxide treatment.ConclusionThe present data suggest a possible association between diazoxide exposure and the development of NEC in neonates. Further evaluation of the diazoxide-associated risk of NEC in neonates treated for persistent hypoglycaemia is warranted.
Duration of and trends in respiratory support among extremely preterm infants
Authors: Weisz Dany E , Yoon Eugene , Dunn Michael , Emberley Julie , Mukerji Amit , Read Brooke , Shah Prakeshkumar S 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate annual trends in the administration and duration of respiratory support among preterm infants.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary neonatal intensive care units in the Canadian Neonatal Network.Patients8881 extremely preterm infants born from 2010 to 2017 treated with endotracheal and/or non-invasive positive pressure support (PPS).Main outcome measuresCompeting risks methods were used to investigate the outcomes of mortality and time to first successful extubation, definitive extubation, weaning off PPS, and weaning PPS and/or low-flow oxygen, according to gestational age (GA). Cox proportional hazards and regression models were fitted to evaluate the trend in duration of respiratory support, survival and surfactant treatment over the study period.ResultsThe percentages of infants who died or were weaned from respiratory support were presented graphically over time by GA. Advancing GA was associated with ordinally earlier weaning from respiratory support. Year over year, infants born at 23 weeks were initially and definitively weaned from endotracheal and all PPS earlier (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11, for all outcomes), while survival simultaneously increased (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.18). Infants born at 26 and 27 weeks remained on non-invasive PPS longer (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98 and HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, respectively). Early surfactant treatment declined among infants born at 24–27 weeks GA.ConclusionsInfants at the borderline of viability have experienced improved survival and earlier weaning from all forms of PPS, while those born at 26 and 27 weeks are spending more time on PPS in recent years. GA-based estimates of the duration of respiratory support and survival may assist in counselling, benchmarking, quality improvement and resource planning.
Association of maternal diabetes mellitus with preterm infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul , Faden Maheer 
Published: November 2020

ContextThe association between maternal diabetes and outcomes of infants who are born preterm is unclear.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies exploring the association between maternal diabetes and preterm infant outcomes.MethodsMedline, PubMed and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched without language restriction from 1 January 2000 until 19 August 2019. Studies examining preterm infants <37 weeks gestational age and reporting prespecified outcomes of this review based on maternal diabetes as primary exposure variable were included.ResultsOf 7956 records identified through database searches, 9 studies were included in the study. No significant association was found between maternal diabetes and in-hospital mortality (adjusted RR (aRR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.11); 6 studies; participants=1 191 226; I2=83%). Similarly, no significant association was found between maternal diabetes and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (aRR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.07); 4 studies; participants=107 902; I2=0%), intraventricular haemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia (aRR 0.91 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.03); 3 studies; participants=115 050; I2=0%), necrotising enterocolitis (aRR 1.13 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.42); 5 studies; participants=142 579; I2=56%) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (aRR 1.17 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.61); 5 studies; participants=126 672; I2=84). A sensitivity analysis where low risk of bias studies were included in the meta-analyses showed similar results; however, the heterogeneity was lower for in-hospital mortality and ROP.ConclusionMaternal diabetes was not associated with in-hospital mortality and severe neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. Future studies should explore the association between the severity of maternal diabetes with preterm infant outcomes.
A new storage medium containing amphotericin B versus Optisol-GS for preservation of human donor corneas
Authors: Mistò Raffaela , Giurgola Laura , Pateri Francesca , Limongelli Anna , Ragazzi Eugenio , D’Amato Tóthová Jana 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimWe compared the quality of human donor corneas stored in a cold storage medium containing 2.5 μg/ml of amphotericin B (Kerasave, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Ponte San Nicolò, Italy) and Optisol-GS (Bausch & Lomb Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, USA) for 14 days.MethodsSixteen pairs of human donor corneas were collected in Eusol-C (AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Ponte San Nicolò, Italy). Next, all tissues underwent the first evaluation that included the assessments of central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD) measured using both trypan blue staining and specular microscopy, endothelial cell (EC) mortality and morphology, and corneal transparency within 24 hours from recovery (Day 1). Afterwards, one cornea of each pair was transferred into Kerasave or Optisol-GS. ECD and CCT were also assessed at Day 7, and all the metrics were evaluated again at the end of the storage period (Day 14).ResultsAt all tested time points, no differences were found in the qualitative (corneal transparency, EC morphology) and quantitative metrics (ECD, CCT, EC mortality) between the Kerasave and the Optisol-GS storage groups. At Day 14, the corneas stored in Kerasave and Optisol-GS showed ECD of 2312±98 and 2335±128 cells/mm2(p=0.886), CCT of 717±17 and 697±19 μm (p=0.454) and central EC mortality of 0.54%±0.40% and 0.14%±0.14% (p=0.719), respectively.ConclusionsThe new amphotericin B−containing medium Kerasave was comparable to Optisol-GS in terms of preservation of corneal characteristics at 2–8°C for 14 days.
Disorganisation of retinal inner layers is associated with reduced contrast sensitivity in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Wang Jay , Cui Ying , Vingopoulos Filippos , Kasetty Megan , Silverman Rebecca F , Katz Raviv , Kim Leo , Miller John B 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimsTo determine if disorganisation of retinal inner layers (DRIL) is associated with reduced contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with a history of macular oedema (ME).MethodsProspective, observational cohort study. Patients with a history of ME secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) from October 2017 to July 2019 at a single institution were included. Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and CS testing using the quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method. Eyes with coexisting macular disease were excluded. SD-OCT images were analysed for presence and extent of DRIL, intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), hyperreflective foci, epiretinal membrane (ERM), external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, central macular thickness (CMT) and central foveal thickness (CFT). Multivariable mixed-effect linear regressions were performed for the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) using Stata (StataCorp). P values <0.05 were considered significant.Results58 visits from 31 patients were included (1.9±1.2 visits per patient). 29 (50%) were for CRVO. The average age was 63.9±10.5 years. On multivariable analysis, DRIL extent (p<0.001), CMT (p=0.007), CFT (p=0.024) and moderate cataract (p=0.001) were significantly associated with worse AULCSF.ConclusionsDRIL extent is associated with reduced CS in eyes with ME secondary to RVO. DRIL is an imaging feature that has important implications for visual function.
Association of race and ethnicity in the receipt of regional anesthesia following mastectomy
Authors: Beletsky Alexander , Burton Brittany Nicole , Finneran IV John J , Alexander Brenton S , Macias Alvaro , Gabriel Rodney Allanigue 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRegional anesthetic techniques have become increasingly used for the purpose of pain management following mastectomy. Although a variety of beneficial techniques have been described, the delivery of regional anesthesia following mastectomy has yet to be examined for racial or ethnic disparities. We aimed to examine the association of race and ethnicity on the delivery of regional anesthesia in patients undergoing surgical mastectomy using a large national database.MethodsWe used the American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify adult patients aged ≥18 years old who underwent mastectomy from 2014 to 2016. We reported unadjusted estimates of regional anesthesia accordingly to race and ethnicity and examined differences in sociodemographic characteristics and health status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to report the association of race and ethnicity with use of regional anesthesia.ResultsA total of 81 345 patients who underwent mastectomy were included, 14 887 (18.3%) of whom underwent regional anesthesia. The unadjusted rate of use of regional anesthesia was 18.9% for white patients, 16.8% for black patients, 15.6% for Asian patients, 16.5% for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients, 17.8% for American Indian or Alaska Native and 17.4% for unknown race (p<0.001). With respect to ethnicity, the unadjusted rate of regional anesthesia use was 18.4% for non-Hispanic patients vs 16.1% for Hispanic patients vs 18.6% for the unknown ethnicity cohort (p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds of receipt of regional anesthesia was 12% lower in black patients and 21% lower in Asian patients compared with white patients (p<0.001). The odds of regional anesthesia use were 13% lower in Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic patients (p<0.001).ConclusionBlack and Asian patients had lower odds of undergoing regional anesthesia following mastectomy compared with white counterparts. In addition, Hispanic patients had lower odds of undergoing regional anesthesia than non-Hispanic counterparts. These differences underlie the importance of working to deliver equitable healthcare irrespective of race or ethnicity.