bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financing a risk‐averse manufacturer in a pull contract: early payment versus retailer investment
Authors: Yang Chen , Fang Weiguo , Zhang Baofeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on a two‐level supply chain with a pull contract, where the retailer acts as a leader and the capital‐constrained manufacturer as a follower who undertakes the inventory risk. In the presence of demand uncertainty, the manufacturer is risk‐averse, and the risk is measured by the semideviation method. To finance the capital‐constrained manufacturer, we investigate two collaborative supply chain finance schemes: retailer's early payment (EP) financing and retailer investment (RI) financing. We characterize the manufacturer's optimal production quantity and the retailer's wholesale price under EP and RI. Under the two financing schemes, the manufacturer obtains a higher utility when his risk aversion degree is moderate, while the retailer is worse off in the presence of a higher risk aversion degree. Under RI, both optimal production quantity and wholesale price decrease in the proportion of dividends shared by the manufacturer. For the manufacturer (or the retailer or the total supply chain), we derive the associated parameter region in which RI achieves a higher performance than EP. When RI and EP are available, there exists a common parameter region in which RI is preferred by the manufacturer, retailer, and total supply chain.
Natural radiole damage and regeneration in the feather duster worm Schizobranchia insignis
Authors: Brown Shannon D. , Emlet Richard B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe feather duster worm Schizobranchia insignis is an abundant marine annelid found subtidally and in the low intertidal of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. As in other sabellids, the anterior appendages, used for feeding and respiration, can be damaged by physical or biological means. Limited information is available on the regeneration of radioles leading us to study this process on a worm with radioles that dichotomously branch. First, we documented the occurrence of natural radiole damage in two populations of S. insignis found at environmentally distinct sites: a subtidal marina and an intertidal, rocky bench. All 21 worms collected from the exposed intertidal bench had branchial crown damage, whereas 15 of 22 worms (68%) sampled in the marina exhibited natural radiole damage. In the laboratory, we observed radiole regeneration on individuals of S. insignis from the marina by removing a single radiole. Radiole regrowth was a continuous process in which functionality was restored through radiole bifurcation, elongation, and the development of internal support structures. The regrowth of a single radiole of S. insignis took more than 35 days. However, in one of our studies, after 21 days, although not all individuals recovered, four of 12 worms (33%) had completed bifurcation. Pointed tips on the distal‐most branches signified the end of bifurcation. During recovery, individuals of S. insignis did not consistently regenerate the same number of branches observed prior to damage. In addition, a majority of the radiole elongation during recovery occurred after branching. The radiole regeneration in Eudistylia vancouveri, a closely related species found in the marina, was observed to compare regeneration in co‐occurring species. We found that the radiole regeneration in E. vancouveri was less complex because of the absence of branching. Since Schizobranchia is the only genus in which radioles are branched, our study of S. insignis provides a unique examination of natural radiole damage and regrowth.
Prevention of pressure injury in the operating room: Heels operating room pressure injury trial
Authors: Eberhardt Thaís Dresch , de Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares , de Avila Soares Rhea Silvia , Silveira Lidiana Batista Teixeira Dutra , Rossarola Pozzebon Bruna , Reis Cassia Ribeiro , dos Santos Karla Priscilla Paulino , Alves Paulo Jorge Pereira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the efficacy of multi‐layered silicone foam (intervention) compared with transparent polyurethane film (control) in preventing heel pressure injuries caused by surgical positioning of individuals undergoing elective surgery. It was designed an intra‐patient, open, parallel, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a university hospital in southern Brazil, from March 2019 to February 2020, with patients undergoing elective surgeries of cardiac and gastrointestinal specialties. The patients who met the selection criteria constituted, simultaneously, a single group receiving the intervention and active control, through paired analysis of the cutaneous sites (right heel and left heel). The outcome was the occurrence of PI, within the follow‐up period was 72 hours. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR‐5GKNG5. There was analysis of 135 patients/270 heels, with an overall incidence of 36.7%. The pressure injury incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group (26.7%), compared with the control group (P = .001); relative risk of 0.57. In the intervention group, the estimated pressure injury‐free time (survival) was 57.5 hours and in the control group, 43.9 hours. It was concluded that Multi‐layered silicone foam (intervention) is more efficacious than transparent polyurethane film (control) in the prevention of pressure injuries caused by surgical positioning of individuals undergoing elective surgery.
Evaluation of the National Task Group‐Early Detection Screen for Dementia: Sensitivity to ‘mild cognitive impairment’ in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Silverman Wayne , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Lai Florence , Diana Rosas H. , Hom Christy , Doran Eric , Pulsifer Margaret , Lott Ira , Schupf Nicole ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome (ADDS) Consortium
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of the National Task Group‐Early Detection Screen for Dementia (NTG‐EDSD) was evaluated in a sample of 185 adults with Down syndrome (DS), emphasizing ‘mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐DS)’.MethodKnowledgeable informants were interviewed with the NTG‐EDSD, and findings were compared to an independent dementia status rating based on consensus review of detailed assessments of cognition, functional abilities and health status (including physician examination).ResultsResults indicated that sections of the NTG‐EDSD were sensitive to MCI‐DS, with one or more concerns within the ‘Memory’ or ‘Language and Communication’ domains being most informative.ConclusionsThe NTG‐EDSD is a useful tool for evaluating dementia status, including MCI‐DS. However, estimates of sensitivity and specificity, even for detecting frank dementia, indicated that NTG‐EDSD findings need to be supplemented by additional sources of relevant information to achieve an acceptable level of diagnostic/screening accuracy.
Connecting the dots: Understanding the interrelated impacts of type, quality and children's awareness of design features and the mathematics content learning goals in digital math games and related learning outcomes
Authors: Bullock Emma P. , Roxburgh Allison L. , Moyer‐Packenham Patricia S. , Bektas Elif , Webster Joseph S. , Bullock Kathleen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study focused on an examination of how type, quality and children's awareness of design features in digital math games, along with an awareness of the mathematics goals of the game, were related to learning outcomes. We conducted a parallel conversion mixed methods study with 45 students in Grades 3 and 4 (ages 9–10). Students participated in clinical interviews using three digital math games. The results suggest a moderated mediation relationship in which the quality of the design features moderated the mediating impact of children's awareness of the game's design features, specifically when the child was aware of the mathematics content learning goal (MCLG) of the game. These findings show how important it is that design features are of high quality in a digital math game, and how this is intertwined with children's awareness of the features and the MCLG. When these variables intertwined in just the right way, the interactions between the children and the digital math game afforded mathematical learning growth.
Cost‐effective cellulase production, improvement strategies, and future challenges
Authors: Bhati Nikita , Shreya  , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe most abundant biopolymer accessible on earth is lignocellulose. The hydrolysis of lignocelluloses is completed through enzyme groups such as ligninases, hemicelluloses, and cellulases as independently and together called lignocellulolytic enzymes. This review is focused on dealing with enhanced production of cellulose using modern techniques like strain improvement, consolidated bioprocessing, metabolic engineering, and recombinant technology, and defines the technology to boost the enzyme activity and its yield. Furthermore, the restrains linked with the production of cellulolytic enzyme and the direction of upcoming research to offer a complete strategy to improve cellulase yield with novel properties for industrial application at cost‐effective levels are mentioned.Practical applicationsCellulase is a complex enzyme consisting of an endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β‐D‐glucosidase which acts in combination to release a small unit of glucose. Cellulase has vast potential in the industrial sector especially in the food and beverage as well as paper and pulp industries. The parameters such as strain improvement and heterologous gene expression are involved to enhance the cellulase production. This review discusses the cost‐effective production of cellulolytic enzyme and also emphasizes the limitations and future prospects of this enzyme production on a large scale.
Nanoscale morphology and fractal analysis of TiO2 coatings on ITO substrate by electrodeposition
Authors: Amâncio Moíses Amaral , Pinto Erveton Pinheiro , Matos Robert Saraiva , Nobre Francisco Xavier , Brito Walter Ricardo , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduced an advanced discussion of the 3D morphology of TiO2 coatings deposited on ITO substrate by electrodeposition under different deposition times. Atomic force microscopy was applied for obtaining topographic images of the samples. The images were processed using the MountainsMap 8.0 commercial software according to ISO 25178‐2:2012. Moreover, fractal theory was applied to study the surface microtexture of coatings. The morphology was affected by the deposition time, where the grain size decreased with the increase of the time, making film's surfaces smoother. In addition, the surface roughness exhibited a random behaviour, but does not presented significant difference between samples. The fractal dimension showed similar values for all coatings. In contrast, surface texture isotropy also exhibited random behaviour. However, advanced fractal parameters revealed that when the deposition time increased, the coatings microtexture has become uniform and less porous. Furthermore, all coatings presented high topographic uniformity, regardless of deposition time. These results revealed that the morphology and microtexture of TiO2‐based coatings can be controlled by the deposition time.Lay DescriptionAn advanced characterization on the micromorphology of 3D morphology, using AFM images, of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings deposited on ITO substrate by electrodeposition under different deposition times. TiO2 is one of the most studied semiconductors to make photovoltaic devices. The versatility of this semiconductor is associated with low toxicity, high photochemical stability, abundance, and the facility to obtain by conventional synthesis routes. The obtention of a homogeneous and stable layer in the semiconductor TiO2 film deposition is a crucial stage in the assembly of sensitized photovoltaic devices. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a technique which can magnify up to a billion times and it uses a tip or probe which touches the sample surface point by point. The tip deflection is interpreted as the surface topography by the software, producing 2D or 3D images that generate several tribological parameters such as roughness in respect to a scanned area, has been a technique widely reported in the morphological characterization, determination of thickness, roughness, and particle size in thin films. Therefore, in this paper, the morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy using MountainsMap commercial software. The main goal was to study the influence of the deposition time on the morphology and microtexture of the material. New parameters such as surface entropy, fractal succolarity and fractal lacunarity were obtained for studying coatings microtexture's complexity.
Indentation probe with optical fibre array‐based optical coherence tomography for material deformation
Authors: Marrese Marica , Paardekam E.J. , Iannuzzi Davide 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a new optomechanical probe for mechanical testing of soft matter. The probe consists of a micromachined cantilever equipped with an indenting sphere, and an array of 16 single‐mode optical fibres, which are connected to an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system that allows subsurface analysis of the sample during the indentation stroke. To test our device and its capability, we performed indentation on a PDMS‐based phantom. Our findings demonstrate that Common Path (CP)‐OCT via lensed optical fibres can be successfully combined with a microindentation sensor to visualise the phantom's deformation profile at different indentation depths and locations in real time.Lay DescriptionThis work presents a new approach to simultaneously perform micro‐indentation experiments and OCT imaging. An optical fiber array‐based sensor is used to develop a new hybrid tool where micro‐indentation is combined with optical coherence tomography. The sensor is therefore capable of compressing a sample with a small force and simultaneously collecting OCT depth profiles underneath and around the indentation point. This method offers the opportunity to characterize the mechanical properties of soft materials and simultaneously visualize their deformation profile. The ability to integrate OCT imaging with indentation technology is promising for the non‐invasive and precise characterization of different soft materials.
Linking Physiology To Ecological Function: Environmental Conditions Affect Performance And Size Of The Intertidal Kelp Hedophyllum Sessile (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Burnaford Jennifer L. , Nguyen Tuong‐Vy T. , Henderson Scottie Y. , Van Alstyne Kathryn L. 
Published: December 2020

For autogenic ecosystem engineers, body size is an aspect of individual performance that has direct connections to community structure; yet the complex morphology of these species can make it difficult to draw clear connections between the environment and performance. We combined laboratory experiments and field surveys to test the hypothesis that individual body size was determined by disparate localized physiological responses to environmental conditions across the complex thallus of the intertidal kelp Hedophyllum sessile, a canopy‐forming physical ecosystem engineer. We documented substantial (> 40%) declines in whole‐thallus photosynthetic potential (as Maximum Quantum Yield, MQY) as a consequence of emersion, which were related to greater than 10‐fold increases in intra‐thallus MQY variability (as Coefficient of Variation). In laboratory experiments, desiccation and high light levels during emersion led to lasting impairment of photosynthetic potential and an immediate > 25% reduction in area due to tissue contraction, which was followed by complete loss of structural integrity after three days of submersion. Tissue exposed to desiccation and high light during emersion had higher nitrogen concentrations and lower phlorotannin concentrations than tissue in control treatments (on average 1.36 and 0.1x controls, respectively), suggesting that conditions during emersion have the potential to affect food quality for consumers. Our data indicate that the complex thallus morphology of H. sessile may be critical to this kelp’s ability to persist in the intertidal zone despite the physiological challenges of emersion and encourage a more nuanced view of the concept of “sub‐lethal stress” on the scale of the whole individual.
Intertidal Canopy‐forming Seaweeds Modulate Understory Seaweed Photoprotective Compounds
Authors: Roberts Emily A. , Bracken Matthew E.S. 
Published: December 2020

Foundation species provide physical structure that enhances the diversity and abundance of associated organisms. Canopy‐forming seaweeds are known to act as foundation species on rocky shores by lowering temperature and desiccation stress. Direct solar radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) light, can also reduce photosynthetic rates in algae, cause oxidative stress and DNA damage. The reduction in UV exposure provided by an algal canopy could therefore be important for understory organisms, including the red alga Chondrus crispus on New England’s (USA) rocky shores, and this relationship may be more important at higher tidal elevations with increased low‐tide exposure time. In field experiments, we investigated the relationship between tidal elevation and an index of C. crispus UV exposure, the concentration of UV‐absorbing pigments. Low on the shore, C. crispus grew without a canopy. Higher on the shore, in the mid‐intertidal zone, C. crispus was found under the canopy‐forming rockweed, Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens. At this elevation, C. crispus was shaded (>50%; >1 m above MLLW). We performed a canopy removal experiment that spanned the mid‐zone where C. crispus and F. distichus subsp. evanescens co‐occur and the low‐zone (no canopy). Following canopy removal in the mid‐zone, UV pigment concentrations increased with tidal elevation. After accounting for the effect of elevation, removal of the algal canopy resulted in UV‐protective pigment concentrations 2‐fold higher than in un‐manipulated control plots. These results suggest that amelioration of solar UV exposure might be another mechanism by which canopy seaweeds, acting as foundation species, facilitate understory seaweeds on rocky shores.
Validating the textural characteristics of soft fish‐based paste through International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative recommended tests
Authors: Xie Yisha , Zhao Wenyu , Yu Wanying , Lin Xiaoyu , Tao Shuaifei , Prakash Sangeeta , Dong Xiuping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne in every twelve people worldwide suffers from dysphagia that affects the swallowing mechanism and some patients require a special texture‐modified food for their sustenance. Fish is a great source of nutrients and proteins, however the commercially dysphagia diet made from fish is limited. This study investigated the textural characteristics of a soft fish paste produced from steamed grass carp fillet with different the water addition, grinding cycles and ratio of starch with the mixture of steamed fillet and water, following International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) guidelines and other instruments. The water addition and particle size affected the physical properties, and the starch had a certain masking effect on fishy odor. The mixture of steamed fish fillets and water (91:9 wt/wt) was ground in a colloid mill for 3 cycles. The fish paste was then sterilized by adding sugar, salt, and starch in the mixture (ratios of 0.5:100, 0.5:100, and 0.6:100, wt/wt, respectively) and mixing well. The paste conformed to Level 4‐pureed and extremely thick of IDDSI framework. The fish paste product had a light fishy odor that was acceptable to sensory specialists.
Assessment of pyloric sphincter distensibility and pressure in patients with diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Desprez Charlotte , Chambaz Marion , Melchior Chloé , Basile Paul , Prevost Gaetan , Jacques Jérémie , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Gourcerol Guillaume 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that pyloric distensibility is altered in 30–50% of gastroparetic patients but the number of diabetic patients included in prior reports has been small. The aim of the present study was to assess pyloric sphincter measurements in diabetic patients with gastroparesis and to determine whether diabetes characteristics were correlated to pyloric disfunction.MethodsPyloric distensibility and pressure were measured using EndoFLIP® system in 46 patients with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) and compared with 21 healthy volunteers (HV), and 33 patients with idiopathic gastroparesis (IGP). Altered pyloric distensibility was defined as the measurement below 10 mm2/mmHg at 40 ml of inflation. In diabetic patients, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, duration, complications, and treatments were collected.Key ResultsMean pyloric distensibility at 40 ml of inflation was lower in DGP and IGP groups with, respectively, 10.8 ± 0.9 mm2/mmHg and 14.8 ± 2.2 mm2/mmHg in comparison with the HV group (25.2 ± 2.3 mm2/mmHg; p < 0.005). 56.5% of patients had a decreased pyloric distensibility in the DGP group, 51.5% of patients in the IGP group, and 10% of patients in the HV group. No correlation was found between pyloric sphincter measurements and diabetes characteristics, including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, diabetes mellitus type, neuropathy, or GLP1 agonists intake.Conclusion and InterferencesPyloric sphincter distensibility and pressure were altered both in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Pyloric sphincter distensibility was not correlated to diabetes parameters.