bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of carbon fiber/hydroxyapatite reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Akgul Yasin , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Turan Muhammet E. , Simsir Hamza , Erden Mehmet A. , Sun Yavuz , Kilic Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the effect of short carbon fiber (SCFs) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) content on mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites. The proposed HDPE/SCFs‐HAp hybrid composites with good mechanical‐tribological behavior and biocompatibility might be used as novel implants in orthopedics. The composites were developed using twin‐screw extrusion and compression molding methods. Hardness, tensile, and 3‐point bending tests were performed to investigate the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. To evaluate wear performance of the samples, three different loads (10, 20, and 30 N) were applied in simulated body fluid. Biological activities of the hybrid composite samples were investigated. Results show that HDPE‐10%SCFs‐10%HAp sample provides optimum mechanical, tribological, and biological properties.
Effectiveness by gender and age of renin‐angiotensin system blockade in heart failure—A national register‐based cohort study
Authors: Ohlsson Anna , Lindahl Bertil , Pingel Ronnie , Hanning Marianne , Westerling Ragnar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeInvestigate effectiveness by gender and age and equity implications of treatment with renin‐angiotensin system blockade (RASb) in heart failure (HF) patients.MethodsIn this population‐based register study, we used inpatient data from 2006 to 2010 for patients age 20 years or older with no HF hospitalisation for minimum of 1 year before an index hospitalisation. A wash‐out period for RASb of 6 months preceding admission was used.Hospital data were linked with drug dispensation data and cause of death data. The associations between time‐dependent RASb exposure and all‐cause death and HF death, respectively, were examined by Cox regression models. Interactions by gender and age were also investigated on the multiplicative and additive scales.ResultsThirty thousand seven hundred twenty‐one patients were analysed. Fifty‐one percent were women. Median age was 83. Fifty‐three percent of women and 64% of men received RASb after the index hospitalisation. Younger patients were more likely to receive RASb than older ones. One‐year mortality was 28%. RASb was associated with an overall hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause death of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69‐0.75), and an HR of 0.85 (0.77‐0.93) for HF death. Interaction analyses showed HRs for all‐cause death associated with RASb between 0.12 (0.10‐0.13) in the youngest, and 0.80 (0.76‐0.84) in the oldest patients.ConclusionsRASb appeared effective for women and men and for patients of all ages in this hospitalised HF cohort. No gender difference in effectiveness was found. RASb exposure was low overall, indicating a need for improved adherence to treatment guidelines. Treatment with RASb may be inequitable for women and older patients.
Registration of glandless ‘NuMex COT 17 GLS’ upland cotton cultivar with Fusarium wilt race 4 resistance
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Idowu Omololu J. , Wedegaertner Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of a glandless ‘NuMex COT 17 GLS’ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Reg. no. CV‐141, PI 691837), which carries the incomplete dominant glandless allele Gl2e. NuMex COT 17 GLS was derived from an advanced backcross progeny of a cross between the Gl2e allele donor ‘Bahtim 110’ (G. barbadense L.) and glanded upland cotton ‘CRI 12’, followed by five backcrosses with glanded upland ‘CRI 35’ as the recurrent parent. It is resistant to Fusarium wilt (FW) race 4, with a level of resistance similar to the resistant checks ‘PHY 802RF’ and ‘PHY 811RF’, when evaluated in two naturally infected fields in California, and it is more resistant than ‘Acala 1517‐08’ when evaluated in the greenhouse in New Mexico. This new cultivar was tested in seven replicated field trials in New Mexico in 2013–2017 and in 11 tests across nine states in 2014. Compared with glandless ‘Acala GLS’, ‘Acala 1517‐18 GLS’, and ‘NuMex COT 15 GLS’, NuMex COT 17 GLS yielded 26, 16, and 13% more lint, respectively, and produced 93% of glanded Acala 1517‐08 yield. It had significantly higher lint percentage than all the check cultivars. It is classified as a medium staple with fiber quality inferior to long‐staple Acala cotton cultivars. NuMex COT 17 GLS is especially adapted to the Mississippi Delta and was the top yielder in the region. It is resistant to four races of bacterial blight and less susceptible to Alternaria leaf spot than Acala 1517‐08. The release of NuMex COT 17 GLS represents one of the first successful introgressions from G. barbadense germplasm with FW race 4 resistance.
A comparison of prostate cancer cell transcriptomes in 2D monoculture vs 3D xenografts identify consistent gene expression alterations associated with tumor microenvironments
Authors: Brady Lauren , Gil da Costa Rui M. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Matson Clinton K. , Risk Michael C. , Coleman Roger T. , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) research has relied heavily on patient‐derived cell lines, which may be used for in vitro (two‐dimensional [2D]) studies or cultivated as three‐dimensional (3D) xenografts in mice. These approaches are likely to have differential impacts on cell phenotypes, with implications for experimental outcomes. Therefore, defining and comparing the transcriptional signatures associated with 2D and 3D approaches may be useful for designing experiments and interpreting research results.MethodsIn this study, LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 human PC cells were either cultivated in monolayers or as xenografts in NOD SCID mice, and their gene transcription profiles were quantitated and compared using microarray and real‐time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate protein expression in cancer cell xenografts.ResultsComparisons of gene expression profiles of tumor cells grown in 2D vs 3D environments identified gene sets featuring similar expression patterns in all three cancer cell lines and unique transcriptional signatures associated with 3D vs 2D growth. Pathways related to cell‐cell interactions, differentiation, and the extracellular matrix were enriched in 3D conditions. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that gene upregulation in xenografts occurred in implanted cancer cells and not in mouse stromal cells. Cultivating cells in vitro in the presence of mouse, rather than bovine serum failed to elicit the gene transcription profile observed in xenografts, further supporting the hypothesis that this profile reflects 3D growth and enhanced microenvironmental interactions, rather than exposure to species‐specific serum factors.ConclusionsOverall, these findings define the expression profiles observed in PC cells cultivated in 2D monolayers and in 3D xenografts, highlighting differentially regulated pathways in each setting and providing information for interpreting research results in model systems.
Time‐Resolved Quantification of Nanoparticle Uptake, Distribution, and Impact in Precision‐Cut Liver Slices
Authors: Bartucci Roberta , Åberg Christoffer , Melgert Barbro N. , Boersma Ykelien L. , Olinga Peter , Salvati Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMuch effort within the nanosafety field is currently focused on the use of advanced in vitro models to reduce the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. Within this context, precision‐cut tissue slices are a unique ex vivo model to investigate nanoparticle impact using live tissue from laboratory animals and even humans. However, several aspects of the basic mechanisms of nanoparticle interactions with tissue have not yet been elucidated. To this end, liver slices are exposed to carboxylated and amino‐modified polystyrene known to have a different impact on cells. As observed in standard cell cultures, amino‐modified polystyrene nanoparticles induce apoptosis, and their impact is affected by the corona forming on their surface in biological fluids. Subsequently, a detailed time‐resolved study of nanoparticle uptake and distribution in the tissue is performed, combining fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry on cells recovered after tissue digestion. As observed in vivo, the Kupffer cells accumulate high nanoparticle amounts and, interestingly, they move within the tissue towards the slice borders. Similar observations are reproduced in liver slices from human tissue. Thus, tissue slices can be used to reproduce ex vivo important features of nanoparticle outcomes in the liver and study nanoparticle impact on real tissue.
Phylogeny, biogeography, and morphological evolution among and within the Neotropical and Asian clades of Schefflera (Araliaceae)
Authors: Plunkett Gregory M. , Lowry Porter P. , Fiaschi Pedro , Frodin David G. , Nicolas Antoine N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSchefflera is the largest and most complex genus of Araliaceae, with ~600 described species (and many additional species awaiting formal description), but recent studies indicate that it is polyphyletic, forming five geographically centered clades spread across the major lineages of the family. Significant progress has been made in revising the three smallest clades, but the two largest groups, centered in Asia and the Neotropics, remain poorly understood. To advance our knowledge of these groups, a taxon set of 211 Schefflera samples and 38 samples representing other genera of Araliaceae (including all genera of the “Asian Palmate clade”) was assembled, from which sequences were obtained for six DNA spacer regions, including two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and four plastid markers (rpl32‐trnL, trnF‐rpl32, trnK‐rpl16, psbA‐trnH). Results were compared to an informal system of classification based on morphology. They confirm the monophyly of both the Asian and Neotropical groups, and their inclusion within the Asian Palmate clade, but not as sister groups. In the Neotropical clade, five major subclades can be recognized, four corresponding closely to morphological groupings (Cephalopanax, Crepinella, Didymopanax, Sciodaphyllum) and one that is geographically coherent (Gleasonia). Within Asian Schefflera, there are four major subclades, corresponding closely to currently recognized informal groups (Agalma, Heptaphyllum, Heptapleurum, Hypoleucoi). Biogeographic analyses suggest that both the Asian and Neotropical groups can trace their origins to SE Asia, where Asian Schefflera is still well represented and where Chengiopanax, the possible sister group of Neotropical Schefflera, is native. Trait‐evolution analyses of a remarkable series of convergences in habit, foliar, and reproductive characters suggest multiple independent origins (and some reversals), both within and between the Neotropical and Asian clades of Schefflera.
Super-exceptional geometry: origin of heterotic M-theory and super-exceptional embedding construction of M5
Authors: Fiorenza Domenico , Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the quest for the mathematical formulation of M-theory, we consider three major open problems: a first-principles construction of the single (abelian) M5-brane Lagrangian density, the origin of the gauge field in heterotic M-theory, and the supersymmetric enhancement of exceptional M-geometry. By combining techniques from homotopy theory and from supergeometry to what we call super-exceptional geometry within super-homotopy theory, we present an elegant joint solution to all three problems. This leads to a unified description of the Nambu-Goto, Perry-Schwarz, and topological Yang-Mills Lagrangians in the topologically nontrivial setting. After explaining how charge quantization of the C-field in Cohomotopy reveals D’Auria-Fré’s “hidden supergroup” of 11d supergravity as the super-exceptional target space, in the sense of Bandos, for M5-brane sigma-models, we prove, in exceptional generalization of the doubly-supersymmetric super-embedding formalism, that a Perry-Schwarz-type Lagrangian for single (abelian) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) M5-branes emerges as the super-exceptional trivialization of the M5-brane cocycle along the super-exceptional embedding of the “half ” M5-brane locus, super-exceptionally compactified on the Hořava-Witten circle fiber. From inspection of the resulting 5d super Yang-Mills Lagrangian we find that the extra fermion field appearing in super-exceptional M-geometry, whose physical interpretation had remained open, is the M-theoretic avatar of the gaugino field.
Quantization of a self-dual conformal theory in (2 + 1) dimensions
Authors: Andreucci Francesco , Cappelli Andrea , Maffi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Compact nonlocal Abelian gauge theory in (2 + 1) dimensions, also known as loop model, is a massless theory with a critical line that is explicitly covariant under duality transformations. It corresponds to the large NF limit of self-dual electrodynamics in mixed three-four dimensions. It also provides a bosonic description for surface excitations of three-dimensional topological insulators. Upon mapping the model to a local gauge theory in (3 + 1) dimensions, we compute the spectrum of electric and magnetic solitonic excitations and the partition function on the three torus $$ {\mathbbm{T}}_3 $$

T
3

. Analogous results for the S2 × S1 geometry show that the theory is conformal invariant and determine the manifestly self-dual spectrum of conformal fields, corresponding to order-disorder excitations with fractional statistics.
Aussehensbezogene Zurückweisungssensitivität bei körperdysmorpher Störung und Essstörungen
Authors: Schmidt M. , Grocholewski A. , Kollei I. , Ritter V. , Hartmann A. S. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) und die Essstörungen (ESS) weisen erhebliche Symptomüberschneidungen auf, was die Differenzialdiagnose erschwert. Die Psychopathologie der beiden Störungen deutet auf die aussehensbezogene Zurückweisungssensitivität („appearance-based rejection sensitivity“, ARS) als mögliches differenzierendes Merkmal hin.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie soll Hinweise zu einer Verbesserung der Differenzialdiagnostik zwischen KDS und ESS geben. Dazu wurden die Störungen hinsichtlich der ARS miteinander verglichen. Auf Basis der bisherigen empirischen Forschung wurde davon ausgegangen, dass bei KDS höhere ARS-Werte vorliegen als bei ESS. Weiterhin sollte eine höhere Varianzaufklärung von KDS an der ARS unter Konstanthaltung von Störvariablen (sozialängstliche Symptome, Body-Mass-Index, Geschlecht) geprüft werden.

Material und Methoden
Eine Verfügbarkeitsstichprobe (n = 736) füllte online die Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale, die Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, den Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire und ein DSM-5-Screening zu KDS aus.

Ergebnisse
Teilnehmer mit komorbid positivem KDS-ESS-Screening erzielten den höchsten ARS-Gesamtwert aber ähnlich hohe Werte wie Teilnehmer mit positivem ESS-Screening. Beide Gruppen erzielten signifikant höhere Werte als Teilnehmer mit positivem KDS-Screening, welche wiederum signifikant höhere Werte erzielten als symptomfreie Teilnehmer. Die Regressionsanalyse bestätigte eine höhere Varianzaufklärung an der ARS durch ESS als durch KDS bei Konstanthaltung von Störvariablen.

Diskussion
Die ARS konnte nicht als differenzierendes Merkmal zwischen KDS und ESS im Sinne der Hypothesen bestätigt werden. Allerdings könnten hohe ARS-Werte einen Hinweis auf eine ESS oder KDS darstellen, sehr hohe Werte für komorbide ESS-KDS-Symptome. Dies sollte diagnostisch abgesichert und ggf. in der Therapie berücksichtigt werden.
The consistency of market beliefs as a determinant of economic freedom
Authors: Czeglédi Pál 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccepting the view that beliefs about the market determine the policies and institutions of economic freedom, this paper considers the cross-country consequences of the fact that these beliefs are not one-dimensional and they may be inconsistently distributed over these dimensions. The paper asks the question of whether cross-country differences in the consistency of market beliefs help explain the cross-country differences in areas of economic freedom, especially the contrasting cross-country pattern of the size of government and the legal system and property rights area. It shows that under some plausible conditions in a probabilistic voting framework, a higher consistency leads to higher economic freedom in some areas and lower economic freedom in other areas. Therefore, the concept of the consistency of market beliefs helps us understand why countries with higher economic freedom score for legal system and property rights usually have a lower economic freedom score for the size of government. Using Cronbach’s (coefficient) alpha of four different market beliefs as a measure of consistency in cross-country regressions, the paper finds that consistency is an explanatory factor of the two economic freedom areas.
Modelling the functional connectivity of landscapes for greater horseshoe bats Rhinolophus ferrumequinum at a local scale
Authors: Finch Domhnall , Corbacho Diana P. , Schofield Henry , Davison Sophie , Wright Patrick G. R. , Broughton Richard K. , Mathews Fiona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextThe importance of habitat connectivity for wildlife is widely recognised. However, assessing the movement of species tends to rely on radio-tracking or GPS evidence, which is difficult and costly to gather.ObjectivesTo examine functional connectivity of greater horseshoe bats (GHS,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) at a local scale using Circuitscape software; comparing our results against expert opinion ‘fly ways’.MethodsExpert opinions were used to rank and score five environmental layers influencing GHS movement, generating resistance scores. The slope and resistance scores of these layers were varied, and validated against independent ground truthed GHS activity data, until a unimodal peak in correlation was identified for each layer. The layers were combined into a multivariate model and re-evaluated. Radio-tracking studies were used to further validate the model, and the transferability was tested at other roost locations.ResultsFunctional connectivity models could be created using bat activity data. Models had the ability to be transferred between roost locations, although site-specific validation is strongly recommended. For all other bat species recorded, markedly more (125%) bat passes occurred in the top quartile of functional connectivity compared to any of the lower three quartiles.ConclusionThe model predictions identify areas of key conservation importance to habitat connectivity for GHS that are not recognised by expert opinion. By highlighting landscape features that act as barriers to movement, this approach can be used by decision-makers as a tool to inform local management strategies.
Alkaloid Constituents of Ficus hispida and Their Antiinflammatory Activity
Authors: Jia Xin-Yu , Wu Yong-Mei , Li Jing-Ya , Lei Chun , Hou Ai-Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFour new alkaloids, ficuhismines A–D (1–4), together with three known ones, were isolated from Ficus hispida. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical method. The new compounds represent the first amine alkaloids with a rhamnosyl moiety (1–2) or with a N-oxide motif (2–4) from the genus Ficus. Compound 2 showed potent inhibitory effect in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway luciferase assay with IC50 value of 0.52 ± 0.11 μM.
Estimation of different entropies via Lidstone polynomial using Jensen-type functionals
Authors: Khan Khuram Ali , Niaz Tasadduq , Pečarić Đilda , Pečarić Josip 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, some new functional of Jensen-type inequalities are constructed using Shannon entropy, f-divergence, and Rényi divergence, and some estimates are obtained for these new functionals. Also using the Zipf–Mandelbrot law and hybrid Zipf–Mandelbrot law, we investigate some bounds for these new functionals. Furthermore, we generalize these new functionals for m-convex function using Lidstone polynomial.
The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Buspirone After Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Buspirone Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects
Authors: Gerritsen Jeroen , Bloemers Jos , van Rooij Kim , de Leede Leo , van der Geest Ronald , Frijlink Henderik W. , Koppeschaar Hans P.F. , Olivier Berend , Tuiten Adriaan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A new combination tablet containing sublingual testosterone and oral buspirone (T+B) was developed to benefit a subgroup of women suffering from female sexual interest/arousal disorder, caused by dysfunctionally overactive sexual inhibition.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of buspirone, administered as a dual-route, dual-release combination tablet containing 0.5 mg testosterone (T) and 10 mg buspirone (B).

Methods
19 healthy women took T+B under fed and fasted conditions during 2 overnight visits. The blood was sampled over a 24-hour period to determine the pharmacokinetics of buspirone and its active metabolite 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP). Total testosterone levels were also assessed, at 5 time points and for quality control purposes only, as sublingual testosterone uptake is not expected to be influenced by prior food intake.

Main Outcome Measure
PK profiles of buspirone and 1-PP.

Results
For buspirone, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the observed fed/fasted ratios for the plasma area under the curve (AUC)0-last, AUC0-inf, and Cmax after administration of T+B were not contained within the prespecified bounds of 80% and 125%, except for the lower bound of AUC0-inf. However, the 90% CIs of the observed fed/fasted ratios for the plasma AUC0-last, AUC0-inf, and Cmax of 1-PP were contained within the prespecified bounds, with the exception of the upper bound for Cmax. The mean AUCs and Cmax for 1-PP did not differ between fed and fasted conditions.

Conclusions
Administration of T+B after high-caloric food intake increased the bioavailability of buspirone but did not result in differences in Tmax when compared with fasted conditions. Both in fed and fasted conditions, T+B was generally well tolerated and safe. Exposure of 1-PP in fed and fasted conditions was comparable in both conditions. These results demonstrate that T+B can safely and effectively be used in both fed and fasted states.
Gerritsen J, Bloemers J, van Rooi j K, et al. The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Buspirone After Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Buspirone Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects. J Sex Med 2020;8:186–194.