bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal neural crest stem cell transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Saied , Pandamooz Sareh , Safari Anahid , Jurek Benjamin , Tamadon Amin , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Dianatpour Mehdi , Dargahi Leila , Azarpira Negar , Fattahi Sadegh , Shid Moosavi Seyed Mostafa , Keshavarz Somaye , Khodabandeh Zahra , Zare Shahrokh , Nazari Somayeh , Heidari Mojdeh , Izadi Sadegh , Poursadeghfard Maryam , Borhani‐Haghighi Afshin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionCell‐based therapy is considered as promising strategy to cure stroke. However, employing appropriate type of stem cell to fulfill many therapeutic needs of cerebral ischemia is still challenging. In this regard, the current study was designed to elucidate therapeutic potential of epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI‐NCSCs) compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) in rat model of ischemic stroke.MethodsIschemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 minutes. Immediately after reperfusion, EPI‐NCSCs or BM‐MSCs were transplanted via intra‐arterial or intravenous route. A test for neurological function was performed before ischemia and 1, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. Also, infarct volume ratio and relative expression of 15 selected target genes were evaluated 7 days after transplantation.ResultsEPI‐NCSCs transplantation (both intra‐arterial and intravenous) and BM‐MSCs transplantation (only intra‐arterial) tended to result in a better functional outcome, compared to the MCAO group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The infarct volume ratio significantly decreased in NCSC‐intra‐arterial, NCSC‐intravenous and MSC‐intra‐arterial groups compared to the control. EPI‐NCSCs interventions led to higher expression levels of Bdnf, nestin, Sox10, doublecortin, β‐III tubulin, Gfap, and interleukin‐6, whereas neurotrophin‐3 and interleukin‐10 were decreased. On the other hand, BM‐MSCs therapy resulted in upregulation of Gdnf, β‐III tubulin, and Gfap and down‐regulation of neurotrophin‐3, interleukin‐1, and interleukin‐10.ConclusionThese findings highlight the therapeutic effects of EPI‐NCSCs transplantation, probably through simultaneous induction of neuronal and glial formation, as well as Bdnf over‐expression in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
Co‐occurrence patterns in diagnostic data
Authors: Piceno Marie Ely , Rodríguez‐Navas Laura , Balcázar José Luis 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe demonstrate how graph decomposition techniques can be employed for the visualization of hierarchical co‐occurrence patterns between medical data items. Our research is based on Gaifman graphs (a mathematical concept introduced in Logic), on specific variants of this concept, and on existing graph decomposition notions, specifically, graph modules and the clan decomposition of so‐called 2‐structures. The construction of the Gaifman graphs from a dataset is based on co‐occurrence, or lack of it, of items in the dataset. We may select a discretization on the edge labels to aim at one among several Gaifman graph variants. Then, the decomposition of the graph may provide us with visual information about the data co‐occurrences, after which one can proceed to more traditional statistical analysis.
Recent advances in supercritical fluid dyeing
Authors: Banchero Mauro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSupercritical fluid dyeing is a promising technology that was first proposed in the 1980s to overcome the high energy demand and water consumption of conventional textile coloration. This review covers its advances from 2014 to the present, from the successful industrial implementation of supercritical fluid dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate to the most recent results obtained for the dyeing of other synthetic and natural textiles. Specific attention is also dedicated to the most innovative applications of supercritical fluid dyeing such as the functionalisation of textile and non‐textile substrates, which may give rise to the development of other sustainable processes or novel advanced materials in the near future.
Comparison of a dual‐frequency bio‐impedance analyser with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for assessment of body composition in geriatric patients
Authors: Gade Josephine , Astrup Arne , Vinther Anders , Zerahn Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesMeasuring body composition is relevant in geriatric medical patients at high risk of sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass/strength) for diagnosis and monitoring efficacy of treatment interventions. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bio‐impedance analysis (BIA) are widely used in research/clinical practices, but their agreement is unknown in this population. Therefore, it was investigated how a dual‐frequency (DF)‐BIA compares to DXA regarding replicability, direct comparisons and monitoring of total/segmental body composition in geriatric medical patients.MethodsMeasurements were taken while admitted to the geriatric medical ward and repeated 12 weeks after discharge for monitoring. Total population and gender‐specific analyses were made.ResultsThirty‐one participants were included (age: 82 ± 6 years, BMI: 26.2 ± 4.3), and ten lost to follow‐up. Replicability was high for both methods (R2; 0.956, 0.999, p < .0001, n = 31), however, with wide 5th–95th percentile ranges for individual agreement. Bland–Altman plots revealed significant fixed systematic and negative proportional biases for body composition variables—both for the direct comparisons (e.g., total LBM, 1.2 kg higher with DF‐BIA, p < .05, n = 31) and for monitoring (total LBM, kg; men [n = 15]: DXA [0.96 ± 2.61] vs. DF‐BIA [−0.35 ± 3.52] and women [n = 16]: DXA [−0.39 ± 1.51] vs. DF‐BIA [−1.05 ± 2.24]). Generally, correlations for direct comparisons were higher than for monitoring (R2; 0.870, 0.947 vs. 0.048, 0.717 [head region not included], n = 31).ConclusionDF‐BIA and DXA cannot be used interchangeably in geriatric medical patients. However, high replicability shows that both methods may be used for monitoring under standardized conditions. Results indicate gender‐specific differences, and segmental analysis can only be recommended with DXA using clear anatomical references.
Operationalization of Utilitarian and Egalitarian Objectives for Optimal Allocation of Health Care Resources
Authors: Hynninen Yrjänä , Vilkkumaa Eeva , Salo Ahti 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTResources for health care interventions, such as tests and treatments, are limited. This makes it necessary to prioritize patient segments (defined in terms of their risk) by allocating resources so that the expected contribution to the chosen population‐level objective is maximized. In this article, we build a model for the optimal allocation of resources in view of two such objectives: maximizing the aggregate health of the population (utilitarian) and limiting differences in the health outcomes for different patient segments (egalitarian). In particular, we build a two‐phase optimization model that (i) first uses dynamic programming to determine what testing and treatment strategies maximize the expected health benefits for each patient segment at different cost levels, and (ii) then solves a binary linear programming problem to determine what resources should be given to each segment to maximize the chosen policy‐level objective subject to the overall resource constraint. Our model supports the specification of patient segments, the development of optimal testing and treatment strategies within each segment, and the allocation of available resources to these segments so that the policy‐objective will be maximized by implementing these strategies. In addition, the model can be used to guide the interpretation of test results and to assess the impacts of new tests and treatments. It also offers insights into the cost of equity by permitting comparisons between the optimal strategies under utilitarian and egalitarian objectives. We illustrate our approach with real data by optimizing the use of traditional risk scores and genetic tests in preventing coronary heart disease events.
Communication ability and communication methods in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kristoffersson Emma , Dahlgren Sandberg Annika , Holck Pernille 
Published: April 2020

AimTo investigate if communication ability and method were related to each other and to age, sex, gross motor function, or manual ability in children with cerebral palsy.MethodThis cross‐sectional study used data registered in the Swedish Cerebral Palsy Surveillance Program registry, involving 3000 children aged 0 to 18 years. Pearson’s χ2test and Spearman’s correlation were used to test associations between variables.ResultsCommunication ability and method were related to each other and to age, gross motor function, and manual ability. Aided communication methods were more frequently used among older children. The more functional the communication was, the less use of unaided communication occurred. Different communication methods were used across all Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels. Speech was most common in more functional levels, used by 72% of the children.Forty‐five per cent were considered effective communicators in all environments. For classification of communication level and method, some recurring registration errors were made by the raters.InterpretationSome raters may need clarification on interpretations of CFCS instructions.Results indicate that children should be presented to aided augmentative and alternative communication and manual signs earlier and to a greater extent.What this paper addsLevel of communicative ability varies depending on the primary method of communication used.Communicative ability and communication methods are related to age, and gross and fine motor ability.Different communication methods are found across all Communication Function Classification System levels.
Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC‐STAMP) is a promising molecular prognostic indicator for multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Zi‐Long , Liu Yang , Zhou Ya‐Lan , Li Jin‐Lan , Sun Qiu‐Yu , Wu Li‐Xin , Wen Lei , Lai Yue‐Yun , Liu Yan‐Rong , Chang Ying‐Jun , Shi Hong‐Xia , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Lu Jin , Ruan Guo‐Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the prognostic stratification and therapeutic evaluation systems for multiple myeloma (MM) lack specific molecular indicators. OC‐STAMP is a new gene and is also highly expressed in MM.MethodsA total of 160 MM patients have been investigated with both quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR), flow cytometry (FCM) and cytogenetic FISH on the same mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow specimens.ResultsWe found that OC‐STAMP mRNA levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed cases of MM than in healthy donors (median, 0.52% vs. 0.02%, P < .001). Moreover, the changes in the OC‐STAMP mRNA levels paralleled the disease stages and minimal residual disease, as detected by FCM. Furthermore, we found that patients with high OC‐STAMP mRNA levels were more likely to develop ≥3 bone lesions, be diagnosed with Durie‐Salmon stages III, and have the P53 (17p13) deletion. In addition, advanced stage patients with high OC‐STAMP mRNA levels had a lower 4‐year progression‐free survival (5.6% vs. 22.9%, P = .0055) and a worse 4‐year overall survival (25.8% vs. 48.8%, P = .0137) compared to patients with low mRNA levels of this indicator.ConclusionsOC‐STAMP may be a promising molecular indicator to monitor treatment effects and participate in the prognostic stratification of MM.
Locke's equivocal category of substance
Authors: Wörner David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJohn Locke famously claimed that our idea of substance is but a confused idea of “something we know not what.” However, he also thought that the idea of substance is a fundamental part of our ideas of ourselves and the objects surrounding us—of objects we do know. Interpreting this apparently ambivalent stance has long been a major challenge for Locke scholarship. In this article, I argue that the leading interpretations of Locke's conception of substance have failed to resolve this tension because they have misconstrued the source of Locke's skepticism about our knowledge of what substance is. This skepticism, I argue, issues from an observation about the signification of the term “substance”: Locke maintained that the philosophical usage of the term is irremediably equivocal. This reading allows us to acknowledge that Locke could consistently hold that ordinary objects, such as persons, horses, or trees, are paradigmatic examples of substances. It also points to a better appreciation of how Locke's discussion of substance relates to the scholastic conceptions of substance he tried to overcome.
How pulse disturbances shape size‐abundance pyramids
Authors: Jacquet Claire , Gounand Isabelle , Altermatt Florian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEcological pyramids represent the distribution of abundance and biomass of living organisms across body‐sizes. Our understanding of their expected shape relies on the assumption of invariant steady‐state conditions. However, most of the world’s ecosystems experience disturbances that keep them far from such a steady state. Here, using the allometric scaling between population growth rate and body‐size, we predict the response of size‐abundance pyramids within a trophic guild to any combination of disturbance frequency and intensity affecting all species in a similar way. We show that disturbances narrow the base of size‐abundance pyramids, lower their height and decrease total community biomass in a nonlinear way. An experimental test using microbial communities demonstrates that the model captures well the effect of disturbances on empirical pyramids. Overall, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally how disturbances that are not size‐selective can nonetheless have disproportionate impacts on large species.
Moving Beyond the Brag Sheet: A Meta‐Analysis of Biodata Measures Predicting Student Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Charlene , Kuncel Nathan R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeasures of biographical data, or biodata, provide indicators of one's life history and past experiences. Biodata information is often available in various forms during processes of academic admissions to higher education. Such information can be used, in combination with other factors, to predict students’ future academic and extra‐curricular accomplishments. There is a scattered body of literature investigating relationships between standardized biodata measures and a number of student criteria in college. The current study uses meta‐analysis methods to summarize findings on how various biodata measures—overall scores or scale scores—predict student accomplishments, including grades, self‐ and other‐rated performances, persistence, and extracurricular accomplishments. Data from 46 independent samples, consisting of 38,478 students and resulting in 74 individual predictor–criterion relationships were analyzed. Results indicate, generally, that biodata measures predict substantially students’ academic and extra‐curricular accomplishments. Overall biodata scores correlate with grades at .39, persistence at .25, and point‐hour ratios at .35. Students’ accomplishments in leadership, visual and performing arts, music, and science were predicted best by biodata measures developed specifically to target those outcomes. This meta‐analytic study provides support for the predictive validity of biographical data inventories with respect to student outcomes and adds justification to the use of biodata in academic selection.
Examining Effectiveness and Validity of Accommodations for English Language Learners in Mathematics: An Evidence‐Based Computer Accommodation Decision System
Authors: Abedi Jamal , Zhang Yu , Rowe Susan E. , Lee Hansol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch indicates that the performance‐gap between English Language Learners (ELLs) and their non‐ELL peers is partly due to ELLs' difficulty in understanding assessment language. Accommodations have been shown to narrow this performance‐gap, but many accommodations studies have not used a randomized design and are based on relatively small sample sizes. Addressing such issues, we administered a standard‐based mathematics assessment to approximately 3,000 Grade 9 ELL and non‐ELL students under five different language‐based accommodations. Results indicate that many of these accommodations did not produce significant gains for the recipients. Some even had a negative impact. We believe several factors may explain these findings. First, newer assessments, including those developed for this study, may have been linguistically modified to the point that further modification has only a limited effect. Second, the language of instruction may have not adequately prepared students for the assessment. If the language of instruction (textbook, etc.) contains unnecessary linguistic complexity, then students may not have had the opportunity to learn the assessed content. A third factor is students’ unfamiliarity with these accommodations because they are seldom used in classroom instruction and teacher assessments. We discuss our findings and implications for policymakers, assessment developers, practitioners, and researchers.
Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide is elevated in the acute phase after ischaemic stroke and decreases within the first days
Authors: Schneider C. , Okun J. G. , Schwarz K. V. , Hauke J. , Zorn M. , Nürnberg C. , Ungerer M. , Ringleb P. A. , Mundiyanapurath S. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeTrimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker of the gut microbiome and correlates with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, conflicting data exist on the specific role of TMAO in ischaemic stroke patients. We aimed to analyze the time course of TMAO levels in stroke patients compared with controls.MethodsIn this prospective, case‐control study, patients suffering from ischaemic stroke (onset <24 h) and control patients with less than two cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled. Plasma TMAO levels were analyzed on admission, after 48 h and after 3 months. The primary endpoint was the difference in TMAO levels on admission between stroke patients and controls.ResultsA total of 196 patients with ischaemic stroke and 100 controls were included between February 2018 and April 2019. Plasma TMAO levels on admission were significantly higher in stroke patients than in controls [median value 4.09 (2.87–6.49) vs. 3.16 (2.08–5.16) µmol/L, P = 0.001]. There was a significant decrease in TMAO levels in stroke patients after 48 h [median at 48 h, 3.49 (2.30–5.39) µmol/L, P = 0.027]. TMAO levels increased again 3 months after stroke [median 4.23 (2.92–8.13) µmol/L, P = 0.047]. In controls, TMAO levels did not change between admission and after 48 h [median at 48 h, 3.14 (1.63–4.61) µmol/L, P = 0.11]. An inverse correlation between TMAO values and kidney function was found (Spearman rho −0.334, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the importance of the time course of TMAO levels after ischaemic stroke. Future studies should define the time point of TMAO analysis, preferably in the acute phase (<24 h).
Dealers' incentives to reveal their names
Authors: Karam Arzé 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research investigates dealers' motivation to disclose their names when quoting on the NASDAQ over the years. NASDAQ enables dealers to quote limit orders either anonymously or with a feature that reveals their names. Results are consistent with dealers advertising by revealing their identities so as to develop and maintain their reputation for reliable pricing. Dealers strategically choose to reveal their identities when order flow is profitable. Post‐name disclosure analysis further suggests that named quotations are likely to be driven by informational considerations. This research contributes to our understanding of the use of non‐anonymity in electronic trading.
Influence of water quality, local knowledge and river–floodplain connectivity on commercial wild crayfish harvesting in the Atchafalaya River Basin
Authors: Vargas‐Lopez Ivan A. , Kelso William E. , Bonvillain Christopher P. , Keim Richard F. , Kaller Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater quality and river connectivity influence fisheries, but their role is not understood in wild crayfish harvest, or how water quality and river connectivity are incorporated into crayfish harvest strategies. In Louisiana, wild harvesting practices were evaluated with field observations and interviews with individual harvesters. Field observations included trap locations, water quality, water stable isotopes (2016) and habitat components over two seasons (2015 and 2016). Traps were set in less turbid water (NTU < 69.4), in depths from 1 to 3 m or 3 to 3.6 m and in locations associated with river water inputs. Harvester interviews indicated the importance of tradition (35%‐47% respondents), depth (88% respondents) and water colour (>40% respondents; a surrogate for turbidity and connectivity) in harvesting initiation and trap locations. Harvesters appeared to follow lateral water movements onto and within the floodplain, likely based on local environmental knowledge.
Inter‐ and intra‐specific interactions affecting crustacean trap fisheries—Implications for management
Authors: Skerritt Daniel J. , Bannister R. Colin A. , Polunin Nicholas V. C. , Fitzsimmons Clare 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe UK coastal trap fisheries target two key species, European lobster Homarus gammarus (L.) and brown crab Cancer pagurus L. Their stock status is assessed periodically using size‐based, yield‐per‐recruit analysis. Fishery trends are described using landings and, where available, effort data to estimate catch per unit of effort (CPUE), nominally proportional to abundance. Despite being caught together, assessments assume that concurrent capture of these species does not distort their individual CPUE estimates. Here, an in situ experiment tested impacts of inter‐specific and intra‐specific interactions by pre‐loading baited traps with different species and observing subsequent catches. Pre‐loaded European lobster significantly reduced brown crab catches, whereas, other species produced no such effects. The findings highlight the likely inconsistency of using CPUE as an index of abundance if landings data originate from a mixed‐species fishery in which species interactions and targeting behaviour of fishers are unknown or un‐quantified.