bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunism in Corporate Management
Authors: Rudolf Stanislaw 
Published: February 2020

A growing interest in the phenomenon of economic opportunism can be mainly explained by new institutional economics (NIE). It has changed the limitation of that phenomenon into the main method of increasing the efficiency of business entities. Opportunistic attitudes and behaviour can be particularly observed in a business entity. A tendency towards opportunism should be considered both while entering contracts and while developing a strategy for a company. The article is aimed at presenting the essence of opportunism and at defining its place in new institutional economics.
It is also aimed at identifying opportunistic attitudes in corporate operation and at indicating the ways to limit such attitudes.
While analysing the role of opportunism in corporate management, the main focus shall be set on opportunistic interdependencies in corporate governance. Opportunistic attitudes may be presented not only by the management board of a company but also by its other stakeholders. They may use incompleteness of agreements that have been entered into or asymmetry of information in order to increase their gain at the expense of others. The article provides a more detailed analysis of opportunistic attitudes presented by employee organisations in highly developed countries as well as in post‑communist countries, where opportunism is manifested in demanding attitudes or in protection of monopolist positions.
Evaluación de Collect Earth como herramienta para estimar datos de actividad para el programa REDD+ de Costa Rica
Authors: Romero-Badilla David , Ortiz-Malavasi Edgar , Obando-Vargas German , Arce-Benavides Hector , Herrera-Ugalde María Elena , Quirós-Ramírez Guisella 
Published: February 2020

Con el fin de demostrar la capacidad de la herramienta Collect Earth para generar datos de actividad para el programa REDD+ Costa Rica, se realizaron estimaciones de uso y cambios de uso de la tierra en Costa Rica para el periodo 2014-15 según los enfoques de cálculo del sistema de medición, reporte y verificación (MRV) del programa REDD+ de Costa Rica. Los datos de uso de la tierra fueron obtenidos mediante evaluación visual multitemporal (EVM) de puntos de muestreo utilizando imágenes satelitales de alta resolución a través de Collect Earth. Las estimaciones de áreas de cambio de uso se realizaron según categorías generales de cambio, y según las actividades específicas de REDD+, además de evaluar distintos tipos de estratificaciones. Se demostró que es posible hacer las estimaciones de datos de actividad requeridas para el MRV de REDD+ CR a partir de Collect Earth, sin embargo, es necesario intensificar el muestreo en las áreas de interés para reducir las incertidumbres, y mejorar la disponibilidad de imágenes de alta resolución en Collect earth para disminuir la cantidad de puntos clasificados como “sin información”.

Palabras clave: Evaluación visual multitemporal, imágenes satelitales de alta resolución, cambio de uso de la tierra, deforestación, datos de referencia
Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia Dini di PAUD/KB Al-Munawwarah Pamekasan
Authors: Maghfiroh Anna Shihatul , Usman Jamiludin , Nisa Luthfatun 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan proses penerapan metode bermain peran dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada anak, (2) faktor-faktor yang mendukung dalam penerapan metode bermain peran, (3) faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam penerapan metode bermain peran. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penerapan metode bermain peran pada perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, sumber data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak Kelompok Bermain (KB) di Sekolah Al-Munawwarah Pamekasan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kegiatan bermian peran pada KB Al-Munawwarah merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan aspek sosial-emosional anak dan teradapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mendukung dan menghambat proses penerapan metode bermain peran ini. Beberapa faktor pendukung diantaranya, media, kreatifitas guru, teknik mengajar, dan antusiasme anak. Sedangkan faktor pengambat meliputi, egosentrisme anak, anak belum disiplin, anak cenderung pemalu.
Study of a silica glass SiO2-Na2O refractive index to fabrication of fiber optic with Brewster method
Authors: Syukron Ahmad Aftah , Elviyanti Isnaini Lilis 
Published: February 2020

<p align="justify">One of the critical parameters in the fabrication of fiber optic is refractive index value from the fiber optic material. That is because the main requirement phase of critical angle on the fiber optic waveguide is a core refractive index higher than the cladding. Therefore, refractive index values must be calculated first. The research aim is to study refractive index value of fiber optic material on the fiber optic fabrication. Refractive index value determined by using the brewster method. For this aim, the first step is an establish glass silica to a thin plate. Then thin plate inserts to the sketch of brewster experiment. The brewster method has the aim to determine the reflectance value of the light on transfer magnetic (TM) polarization. The Brewster angle determined by searching the minimum reflectance value of the light on this TM polarization. In this research, the brewster angle obtained by 55.333 degrees. This brewster angle used to calculate the refractive index value from the fiber optic material glass silica. The result of refractive index value at 1.446.</p>
FREQUENT COLLOCATION OF ADJECTIVE-NOUN AND NOUN-ADJECTIVE: CORPUS ANALYSIS
Authors: Wulandari Fransiska Selvy , Bram Barli 
Published: February 2020

This paper investigated frequent collocations used by English learners. Specifically, it is a corpus-based study which focuses on the frequencies of 15 pairs of adjective-noun and noun-adjective collocations. The frequency was examined in two corpora, namely the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the British National Corpus managed by Brigham Young University (BYU-BNC). The collocations are presented in the form of pairs to give the comparisons of frequencies between frequently used collocations and less frequently used ones, as seen in the corpora although they have a similar meaning. The present study aims to help English learners to be familiar with the more appropriate word choice used in their writing and speaking.
Keywords: collocation, corpus, COCA, BYU-BNC, English learner
Pemikiran Kierkegaard Tentang Manusia Agony dan Proses Penyembuhan Diri
Authors: Gultom Andri Fransiskus , Munir Misnal , Ariani Iva 
Published: February 2020

Satu hal yang tampaknya terabaikan dalam situasi manusia kontemporer yaitu derita batin (agony). Manusia mengalami situasi batin yang agak kacau, tidak stabil, tertekan dan yang kerap kali berada dalam pengawasan superego yang menjadikan tubuh menjadi lentur patuh. Pola hidup era modern mensyaratkan kepastian, disiplin, ketaatan, keterukuran, dan semua berada dalam kontrol kekuasaan dengan basis data algoritmik dan sistem yang ketat. Situasi ini belum mereka sadari karena derita batin itu mesti ditutup karena untuk kebutuhan bertahan hidup. Bila derita batin tidak diatasi, akan terjadi katastropi baik bagi diri dan relasi dengan yang lain. Hidup bisa berada dalam situasi bahaya. Kierkegaard dalam konteks ini memberikan suatu energi baru dengan gagasan rekoleksi dan repetisi bagi manusia agony untuk bisa mengenal lebih dalam dirinya. Penelitian ini berciri kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode-metode filosofis yaitu verstehen, komparasi, dan interpretasi. Penelitian ini akan berupaya mengungkap sisi-sisi terdalam dalam kondisi manusia modern yang telah mengalami kerapuhan pada dimensi internal diri yang berimplikasi pada dimensi eksternal yakni kebertubuhan dan sosialitas. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) upaya refleksi diri terus-menerus diupayakan dengan menelisik situasi kedalaman batin untuk memahami problem yang mengarah pada diri sendiri; (2) rekoleksi dan repetisi menjadi proses penyembuhan diri.
Evaluation of Work Efficiency of the Solar Power Plant Installed on the Roof of a House in Hanoi City
Authors: Nguyen T. N. , Sizov V. D. , Vu M. P. , Cu T. T. H. 
Published: February 2020

Vietnam is a country of a great solar potential; solar technology is growing rapidly in Vietnam and investors are very interested in building solar power plants. Construction of the rooftop solar power stations can help owners reduce monthly electricity costs and even get economic benefits by selling excess electricity coming from a solar power plant (PV) to the utility grid. In this study, the design results of a rooftop grid-tied solar power station with the capacity of 26 kWp for a commercial building were introduced to have a basis to assess the operation ability of solar power station under solar radiation conditions in Hanoi city, Vietnam. The simulation results using the PVsyst program have made it possible to calculate the solar energy potential in Hanoi city, the power generation and efficiency of the grid-tied solar power station. Solar power has been applied in Vietnam since the 1990s but is mainly used for areas that were far from national power grid such as mountainous areas, islands. Small scale grid-tied solar power has been developed since 2010 and mainly is used for residential applications or small and medium scale consumers. The total capacity of electricity produced by solar power plants in Vietnam by 2017 was only about 8 MW; this value is very low as compared to the potential of solar power in Vietnam. This is due to the absence of the government support for the policy of developing solar power. In accordance with the current roadmap of raising electricity prices in Vietnam, construction investment of rooftop solar power stations is economically feasible while contributing to environmental protection and counteracting climate change phenomenon by reducing the amount of CO2 emitted into the environment.
Simulation of Thin-Film Solar Cells with a CuInSe2 Chalcopyrite Structure
Authors: Esman A. K. , Zykov G. L. , Potachits V. A. , Kuleshov V. K. 
Published: February 2020

By using numerical simulation, the operating temperatures of a thin-film solar cell based on CuInSe2 have been determined and the solar radiation density values, at which stabilization of the temperature operating conditions of the thin-film solar cell is not required, have been optimized. The maximum possible efficiency value of ~14.8 % is achieved under actual operating conditions, and is maintained by the incoming thermal energy as both emitted in this cell and infrared radiation of the sun and the environment. A model of the proposed thin-film solar cell was implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics program environment with the use of the Heat Transfer Module. The operating temperatures of the solar cell without thermal stabilization under conditions of the diurnal and seasonal variations of both the ambient temperature and the power density of the AM1.5 solar spectrum have been determined. The maximum value of this power density was varied from 1.0 to 500 kW/m2 when using concentrators. The obtained values of operating temperatures of the thin-film solar cell were used to determine its main parameters in the SCAPS-1D program. The graphs of the operating temperature, efficiency and fill factor of the thin-film solar cell versus the solar radiation density are provided. It is shown that in order to obtain the highest possible efficiency of a solar cell, it is necessary to use concentrated solar radiation with a power density, the maximum value of which should be 8 kW/m2 in July and 10 kW/m2 in January. In the case of lower and higher values of power density, an appropriate thermal stabilization of the cell under consideration is necessary. The dependencies of efficiency, fill factor and open-circuit voltage versus the stabilization temperature of the solar cell, temperature gradients at the interfaces of the thermoelectric layer were also calculated. It is shown that by choosing optimal values of the thermal stabilization, the efficiency of the proposed solar cell may be about 15 % or more.
Calculation of Heat Exchange on the Surface of a Flexible Heat Exchanger for Use in Mobile Hospitals
Authors: Lokova I. L. , Kalinichenko A. S. 
Published: February 2020

Currently, the world is characterized by quite a large number of military conflicts, manmade disasters and natural disasters. Every year, about 50 thousand people die from various natural disasters in the world. The report of the UNISDR notes that natural disasters that occurred in the world between 1998 and 2017 led to the death of 1.3 million people (more than half of them – due to earthquakes). The analysis shows that human losses could be significantly less with rapid first aid. This requires the presence of a field hospital located as close as possible to the lesion. Currently, field hospitals for various purposes are produced. The heating system of the field hospital modules plays an important role in the operation. A heating system is proposed, which includes a vortex heat generator and heating devices made of polyvinyl chloride. The system is characterized by low weight and quick access to the operating mode. However, in the literature there is no method for calculating the heat exchange coefficient in a closed space, which is formed by flexible heater surface and an enclosing wall. Based on the analysis of criterion dependences and experimental data, new criterion equations for calculating the heat exchange coefficient for an arbitrary location of heaters in space are obtained. The following dependence is built lgNu = f(lg(Gr×Pr)), which allows to determine value of heat exchange coefficient for given range of temperature. A method of intensification of the heat exchange process by creating an artificial roughness is proposed. Graph is done to determine growth rate of heat exchange СK, which is included in criterion equation. The use of artificial roughness allowed increasing the heat transfer coefficient by 28 % and the thermal power of the heating device by about 26 %.
Laser Research of the Fuel Atomization Process of Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Stężycki P. , Kowalski M. , Jankowski A. , Sławinski Z. 
Published: February 2020

The paper presents test methods (mechanical, electrical and optical) for the fuel spray research in combustion engines. Optical methods, imaging and non-imaging can be used in laboratory and engine tests. Imaging methods include flash photography and holography. Their use is limited to testing droplet dimensions larger than 5 µm. Imaging methods have an advantage over non-imaging ones because they allow the droplet to be seen at the point and time where its measurement is required. Non-imaging methods can be divided into two groups: the first, which counts and measures, individual droplets one at a time, and the second, which measures a large number of droplets simultaneously. Exemplary results of research of droplet size distribution in fuel sprays are shown. In tests of atomized fuel spray, in conditions reflecting the conditions of the internal combustion engine, the size of droplets, their distribution in the spray and the velocity of individual droplets are presented. To determine the quality of the fuel spray, two substitute diameters Sauter (D32) and Herdan (D43) were selected, the first of which refers to heat transfer and the second to combustion processes. Laser research equipment including Particle Image Velocimetry laser equipment (PIV), Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) were applied for testing fuel spray distribution for two kind of fuel. The atomization process from the point of view of combustion and ignition processes, as well as emission levels, is characterized by the best substitute diameter D43, which value is close to the median volume. The most harmful droplets of fuel in the spray are large droplets. Even a few such droplets significantly change the combustion process and emission of toxic exhaust components, mainly NOx.
Child Characteristics and Early Intervention Referral and Receipt of Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McManus Beth , Richardson Zachary , Schenkman Margaret , Murphy Natalie , Everhart Rachel , Hambidge Simon , Morrato Elaine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Early Intervention (EI) is a federally mandated, state-administered system of care for children with developmental delays and disabilities under the age of three. Gaps exist in the process of accessing EI through pediatric primary care, and low rates of EI access are well documented and disproportionately affect poor and minority children. The aims of this paper are to examine child characteristics associated with gaps in EI (1) referral, (2) access and (3) service use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to leverage linked safety net health system pediatric primary care and EI records data to follow EI-referred children longitudinally to understand EI service use gaps from EI referral to EI service utilization. Methods In a retrospective cohort design (14,710 children with developmental disability or delay), we linked pediatric primary care records between a large, integrated safety net health system in metro Denver and its corresponding EI program (2014-2016). Using adjusted marginal effects [ME, (95% CI)], we estimated gaps in EI referral, access, and service type (i.e., physical [PT], occupational [OT], speech therapy [ST] and developmental intervention [DI]). Analyses accounted for child characteristics including socio-demographics, diagnosis, condition severity, and baseline function. Results Only 18.7% of EI-eligible children (N=2,726) received a referral; 26% of those (N=722) received services for a net enrollment rate of 5% among EI-eligible children. Having the most severe developmental condition was positively associated with EI referral [ME=0.334 [0.249, 0.420]) and Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP) receipt [ME=0.156 [0.088, 0.223]). Children less likely to be EI-referred were Black, non-Hispanic (BNH) [ME=-0.029 (-0.054, -0.004)] and had a diagnosed condition ([ME=-0.046 (-0.087, -0.005)]. Children with a diagnosis and those with higher income were more likely to receive PT or OT. Higher baseline cognitive and adaptive skills were associated with lower likelihood of PT [ME=-0.029 (-0.054, -0.004)], OT [ME=-0.029 (-0.054, -0.004)], and ST [ME=-0.029 (-0.054, -0.004)]. Conclusions We identified and characterized gaps in EI referral, access, and service use in an urban safety-net population of children with high rates of developmental delay. Interventions are needed to improve integrated systems of care affecting primary care and EI processes and coordination.
Sugammadex versus neostigmine after rocuronium continuous infusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Authors: DEANA CRISTIAN , Barbariol Federico , D’Incà’ Stefano , Pompei Livia , Rocca Giorgio Della 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Rapid neuromuscular block reversal at the end of major abdominal surgery is recommended to avoid any postoperative residual block. To date, no study has evaluated sugammadex performance after rocuronium administration in patients undergoing liver transplantation. This is a randomized controlled trial with the primary objective of assessing the neuromuscular transmission recovery time obtained with sugammadex versus neostigmine after rocuronium induced neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods The TOF-Watch SX®, calibrated and linked to a portable computer equipped with TOF-Watch SX Monitor Software®, was used to monitor and record intraoperative neuromuscular block maintained with a continuous infusion of rocuronium. Anaesthetic management was standardized as per our institution's internal protocol. At the end of surgery, neuromuscular moderate block reversal was obtained by administration of 2 mg/kg of sugammadex or 50 mcg/kg of neostigmine (plus 10 mcg/kg of atropine). Results Data from 41 patients undergoing liver transplantation were analysed. In this population, recovery from neuromuscular block was faster following sugammadex administration than neostigmine administration, with mean times±SD of 9.4±4.6 min and 34.6±24.9 min, respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusion Sugammadex is able to reverse neuromuscular block maintained by rocuronium continuous infusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation. The mean reversal time obtained with sugammadex was significantly faster than that for neostigmine. It is important to note that the sugammadex recovery time in this population was found to be considerably longer than in other surgical settings, and should be considered in clinical practice. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02697929. Keywords: rocuronium, neostigmine, reversal, recovery time, liver transplantation.
Mental distress, perceived need and barriers to receive professional mental health care among university students
Authors: Negash Assegid , Ahmed Matloob , Medhin Girmay , Wondimagegn Dawit , Araya Mesfin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Context: There is limited evidence on the extent of the perceived need for professional mental health care and barriers to the delivery of mental distress services among university students in low and middle-income countries. Objective: The current study was designed to assess the prevalence of mental distress, perceived need for professional mental health care and barriers to the delivery of the service for regular undergraduate university students. Methods: A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 1135 regular undergraduate university students. Symptoms of mental distress were evaluated using the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a score of eight and above was used to identify positive cases. The perceived need for professional mental health care was assessed using one question with binary responses, whereas barriers to mental health care were assessed using Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE-30) tool. The association of demographic variables with total mean scores of BACE-III sub-scales was modeled using multiple linear regression. Results: The prevalence of mental distress symptoms was 34.6% and the perceived need for professional mental health care was 70.5%. The top five barriers to receiving professional mental health service were (a) thinking the problem would get better by itself, (b) being unsure where to go to get professional care, (c) wanting to solve the problem by own, (d) denying mental health problem, and (e) preferring to get alternative forms of mental care. Conclusions: The high prevalence of mental distress, mental health care gap, and the report of barriers to professional mental health care among Ethiopian regular undergraduate students is a call for action. Keywords: Mental distress, Perceived need, Barrier, and Professional mental health care.