bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic patterns and characterizations of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 in Escherichia coli populations
Authors: Shen Cong , Zhong Lan-Lan , Ma Furong , El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Gawad , Doi Yohei , Zhang Guili , Liu Yang , Huang Songyin , Li Hong-Yu , Zhang Liyan , Liao Kang , Xia Yong , Dai Min , Yan Bin , Tian Guo-Bao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence and transmission of the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) threatened the extensive use of polymyxin antimicrobials. Accumulated evidence showed that the banning of colistin additive in livestock feed efficiently reduce mcr-1 prevalence, not only in animals but also in humans and environments. However, our previous study has revealed that a small proportion of Escherichia coli could continually carry chromosomally-encoded mcr-1. The chromosomally-encoded events, indicated the existence of stabilized heritage of mcr-1 and revealed a potential threat in the antimicrobial stewardship interventions, are yet to be investigated. In this study, we systematically investigated the genetic basis of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 in prevalence and potential mechanisms of lineage, plasmid, insertion sequence, and phage. Our results demonstrated that the emergence of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 could originate from multiple mechanisms, but mainly derived through the recombination of ISApl1/Tn6330. We reported a specific transmission mechanism, which is a phage-like region without lysogenic components, could associate with the emergence and stabilization of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1. These results highlighted the potential origin and risks of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1, which could be a heritable repository and thrive again when confronted with new selective pressures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically reveal the genomic basis of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1, and report a specific transmission pattern involved in phage-like region. Overall, we demonstrate the origin mechanisms and risks of chromosomally-encoded mcr-1. It highlights the need of public attention on chromosome-encoded mcr-1 to prevent from its reemergence.
Ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: the EEG with frontal intermittent delta activity, and rapid resolution with methylene blue: A case report
Authors: Hamilton Juliette E. , Alexander Michael , Kelleher Fergal C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEncephalopathy is an established side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, ifosfamide, occurring in 10–30% of cases. The EEG commonly shows non-specific features of encephalopathy, and rarely shows frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA).Case presentationThis is a case report of a 71 year old woman with pleomorphic sarcoma, who developed ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy with her second dose of ifosfamide. It shows the characteristic EEG findings that have been described previously with ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy and additionally the unusual and rare finding of FIRDA. This was followed up by a further EEG showing resolution of the encephalopathy, after administration of methylene blue, coinciding with rapid and complete resolution of her symptoms.ConclusionThe rapid resolution of the encephalopathy on the EEG after administration of methylene blue adds further evidence to its effectiveness as a treatment for the disorder.
A high mannose concentration is well tolerated by colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma cells but toxic to normal human gingival fibroblast: an in vitro investigation
Authors: Mazlan Muhammad Alif , Isa Muhammad Lokman Md. , Ibrahim Moustafa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The primary cause of cancer is gene mutation which allows the growth of abnormal and damaged cells. Nutrition is one of the key factors that either increases or decreases the risk of cancer. Mannose has been found in many fruits such as oranges, apples and berries. Mannose has been linked to increase the risk factors or potential therapeutic for cancers. However, insufficient information is available on the effects of high mannose concentration on the normal and cancer cell lines. This study aimed to evaluate the viability patterns of human cancer and normal cell lines treated with mannose. Human gingival fibroblast (HGF), skin malignant melanoma (A375) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines were cultured and treated with additional mannose in three respective concentrations: 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. Then, cell viability was measured using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)-assay.

Results
The HGF cells’ percentage pattern of viability showed a rapid decline of nearly 95% on the third day of treatment. A375 cells were able to survive in high mannose condition as the cell viability percentage was at the highest value on Day 5. Meanwhile, HT29 cells showed declining cell viability pattern when treated with mannose. The data exhibited significance; the p value was less than 0.001.

Conclusions
High mannose concentration can be toxic to HGF. In addition, A375 is adaptive to mannose at all concentrations in which it shares the same pattern with the untreated group. However, the cell viability pattern for HT29 cell is declining.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of pharmacological potential of Begonia barbata Wall
Authors: Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Islam Mirazul , Kuddus Md. Ruhul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBegonia barbataWall is an important medicinal plant in Bangladesh used to treat several human diseases. The intention of the existing work was to determine in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of petroleum-ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanol extract ofB. barbatawhole plant (MEBB). The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu test while antioxidant activity assay was performed by DPPH radical quenching process. Tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing methods were utilized to evaluate analgesic effect in albino mice. To evaluate the hypoglycemic potential, glucose tolerance test is used. Castor oil-induced diarrhea method is utilized to figure out the anti-diarrheal action in mice. Thiopental-sodium-induced sleeping time test was exploited for the appraisal of CNS antidepressant action.ResultsAntioxidant activities of the test materials followed the order: dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) > ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) > petroleum-ether fraction (PEF). The EAF yielded maximum amount of phenolic compounds (12.47 mg of GAE/g of sample). The DMF was most effective in terms of thrombolytic activity while the EAF protected the membrane integrity of erythrocyte by 63.47% inhibition of hemolysis induced by heat. Among all fractions, the PEF (400 mg/kg body weight) demonstrated highest analgesic activity in both tail immersion test (maximum elongations as 262.053%) and acetic acid-induced writhing method (66.02% writhing inhibition). During anti-diarrheal test, the plant samples significantly diminished the frequency of diarrheal episodes in mice. Similarly, the plant samples decreased the sleeping duration induced by thiopental sodium.ConclusionThe above outcome exposed thatB. barbatapossesses significant pharmacological potential, which validates its use in Bangladesh folk medicinal practices.
Catecholestradiol Activation of Adrenergic Receptors Induces Endometrial Cell Survival via p38 MAPK Signaling
Authors: Sprague Rachel , Kim Joung W , Kirimlioglu Esma , Guo Xiaofang , Günay Nihan , Guzeloglu-Kayisli Ozlem , Ozmen Asli , Schatz Frederick , Imudia Anthony N , Lockwood Charles J , Magness Ronald R , Kayisli Umit A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Enhanced levels of catecholestradiols, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) or 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), are reported in endometriosis. During gestation, catecholestradiol activation of adrenergic receptors (AR) elevates estrogen receptor (ER)-independent proliferation of uterine arterial endothelial cells.

Objective
To investigate β-AR-mediated catecholestradiol effects on human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) and epithelial cell survival in endometriosis.

Design
β-AR immunostaining of eutopic and ectopic endometria (n = 9). Assays for cell viability, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation, apoptosis, quantitative PCR, and estrogenicity (alkaline phosphatase activity), as well as siRNA β-AR silencing and immunoblot analyses of cultured HESCs or Ishikawa cells treated with control or 2-OHE2 or 4-OHE2 ±β-AR antagonist or ±p38 MAPK inhibitor.

Setting
University research institution.

Patients
Women with or without endometriosis.

Interventions
None.

Main Outcome Measures
β-AR expression in eutopic vs ectopic endometria and regulation of HESC survival by 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2.

Results
Eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal and epithelial cells displayed β2-AR immunoreactivity with increased staining in the functionalis vs basalis layer (P &lt; 0.05). Both 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 enhanced HESC and Ishikawa cell survival (P &lt; 0.05), an effect abrogated by β-AR antagonist propranolol, but not ER antagonist ICI182,780. 2-OHE2 or 4-OHE2 failed to induce cell survival and estrogenic activity in ADRB2-silenced HESCs and in Ishikawa cells, respectively. Although 2-OHE2 inhibited apoptosis and BAX mRNA expression, 4-OHE2 induced proliferation and decreased apoptosis (P &lt; 0.05). Both catecholestradiols elevated phospho-p38 MAPK levels (P &lt; 0.05), which was blocked by propranolol, and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed catecholestradiol-enhanced HESC survival.

Conclusions
Catecholestradiols increase endometrial cell survival by an ER-independent β-AR-mediated p38 MAPK activation, suggesting that agents blocking β-AR (e.g., propranolol) or inhibiting 2-OHE2- or 4-OHE2-generating enzymes (i.e., CYP1A1/B1) could treat endometriosis.
Incidence of Cabergoline-Associated Valvulopathy in Primary Care Patients With Prolactinoma Using Hard Cardiac Endpoints
Authors: Stiles Craig Edward , Lloyd Guy , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Steeds Richard Paul , Boomla Kambiz , Bestwick Jonathan Paul , Drake William Martyn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Controversy exists as to whether low-dose cabergoline is associated with clinically significant valvulopathy. Few studies examine hard cardiac endpoint data, most relying on echocardiographic findings.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of valve surgery or heart failure in patients taking cabergoline for prolactinoma against a matched nonexposed population.

Design
Population-based cohort study based on North East London primary care records.

Methods
Data were drawn from ~1.5 million patients’ primary care records. We identified 646 patients taking cabergoline for &gt;6 months for prolactinoma. These were matched to up to 5 control individuals matched for age, gender, ethnicity, location, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and smoking status. Cumulative doses/durations of treatment were calculated. Cardiac endpoints were defined as cardiac valve surgery or heart failure diagnosis (either diagnostic code or prescription code for associated medications).

Results
A total of 18 (2.8%) cabergoline-treated patients and 62 (2.33%) controls reached a cardiac endpoint. Median cumulative cabergoline dose was 56 mg (interquartile range [IQR] 27-123). Median treatment duration was 27 months (IQR 15-46). Median weekly dose was 2.1 mg. Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between cabergoline treatment at any cumulative dosage/duration and an increased incidence of cardiac endpoints. In a matched analysis, the relative risk for cardiac complications in the cabergoline-treated group was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.41-1.48; P = 0.446). Reanalysis of echocardiograms for 6/18 affected cabergoline-treated patients showed no evidence of ergot-derived drug valvulopathy.

Conclusions
The data did not support an association between clinically significant valvulopathy and low-dose cabergoline treatment and provide further evidence for a reduction in frequency of surveillance echocardiography.
Efficacy of Sex Steroid Therapy Without Progestin or GnRH Agonist for Gonadal Suppression in Adult Transgender Patients
Authors: Pappas India I , Craig Wendy Y , Spratt Lindsey V , Spratt Daniel I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Testosterone (T) or estradiol (E2) are administered to suppress gonadal function in female-to-male (FTM) and male-to-female (MTF) transgender patients. How often sex steroids cause adequate suppression without GnRH agonist (GnRHa) or progestin therapy has not been reported.

Objectives
(1) To determine how often T and E2 therapy alone can effectively suppress gonadal function in MTF and FTM transgender patients, and (2) to determine the frequency and range of serum E2 levels above the normal male range in FTM patients receiving T therapy.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Outpatient reproductive endocrinology clinic at an academic medical center.

Patients
A total of 65 FTM and 33 MTF patients were included who were &gt; 18 years of age and not receiving progestin or GnRHa therapy.

Intervention
Female-to-male patients were receiving T through injections or gel. Male-to-female patients were receiving oral or subcutaneous E2.

Main Outcome Measurements
In FTM patients the indicator of ovary suppression was amenorrhea. In MTF patients, the indicator of testes suppression was T levels &lt;50 ng/dL.

Results
Median serum total T level for FTM patients was 712 ng/dL (range, 370–1164 ng/dL). On T therapy alone, 90.8% of patients achieved amenorrhea and 49.2% of patients had serum E2 levels above the normal range for women. For MTF patients, the median serum E2 level was 129.2 pg/mL (range, 75–197 pg/mL). On E2 therapy alone, 84.8% of MTF patients had adequate suppression of testicular function.

Conclusions
Testosterone and E2 therapy are usually effective without progestin or GnRHa therapy to suppress gonadal function in transgender patients. Progestin and/or GnRHa therapy should only be initiated in those patients who do not have adequate gonadal suppression on optimized doses of T or E2 alone.
Screening of a Large Cohort of Asymptomatic SDHx Mutation Carriers in Routine Practice
Authors: Saie Clotilde , Buffet Alexandre , Abeillon Juliette , Drui Delphine , Leboulleux Sophie , Bertherat Jérôme , Zenaty Delphine , Storey Caroline , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Burnichon Nelly , Vincent Marie , Favier Judith , Baudin Eric , Giraud Sophie , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Amar Laurence , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
When an SDHx mutation is identified in a patient with a pheochromocytoma (PCC) or a paraganglioma (PGL), predictive genetic testing can detect mutation carriers that would benefit from screening protocols.

Objective
To define the tumor detection rate in a large cohort of asymptomatic SDHX mutation carriers.

Design and Setting
Retrospective multicentric study in 6 referral centers.

Patients
Between 2005 and 2019, 249 asymptomatic SDHx (171 SDHB, 31 SDHC, 47 SDHD) mutation carriers, with at least 1 imaging work-up were enrolled.

Results
Initial work-up, including anatomical (98% of subjects [97–100% according to center]) and/or functional imaging (67% [14–90%]) detected 48 tumors in 40 patients. After a negative initial work-up, 124 patients benefited from 1 to 9 subsequent follow-up assessments (mean: 1.9 per patient), with a median follow-up time of 5 (1–13) years. Anatomical (86% [49–100 %]) and/or functional imaging (36% [7–60 %]) identified 10 new tumors (mean size: 16 mm [4–50]) in 10 patients. Altogether, 58 tumors (55 paraganglioma [PGL], including 45 head and neck PGL, 2 pheochromocytoma [PCC], 1 gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST]), were detected in 50 patients (22 [13%] SDHB, 1 [3.2%] SDHC, and 27 [57%] SDHD), with a median age of 41 years old [11–86], 76% without catecholamine secretion and 80% during initial imaging work-up.

Conclusions
Imaging screening enabled detection of tumors in 20% of asymptomatic SDHx mutation carriers, with a higher detection rate in SDHD (57%) than in SDHB (13%) and SDHC (3%) mutation carriers, arguing for a gene-by-gene approach. Prospective studies using well-defined protocols are needed to obtain strong and useful data.
Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Piccoli Giovana F , Mesquita Leonardo A , Stein Cinara , Aziz Marina , Zoldan Maira , Degobi Nathália A H , Spiazzi Bernardo F , Lopes Junior Gilberto L , Colpani Verônica , Gerchman Fernando 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Risk of cancer is a major concern in the development of drugs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the Liraglutide Clinical Development Program, subjects treated with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) had a higher absolute number of breast cancer events.

Objective
To assess whether patients treated with GLP-1RAs had a higher risk of breast neoplasms.

Data Sources
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL from July 31, 2019 to February 8, 2020.

Study Selection
Reviewers assessed abstracts and full-text articles for RCTs of GLP-1RAs in adults with excessive weight and/or diabetes and a minimum follow-up of 24 weeks.

Data Extraction
Researchers extracted study-level data and assessed within-study risk of bias with the RoB 2.0 tool and quality of evidence with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Data Synthesis
We included 52 trials, of which 50 reported breast cancer events and 11 reported benign breast neoplasms. Overall methodological quality was high. Among 48 267 subjects treated with GLP-1RAs, 130 developed breast cancer compared with 107 of 40 755 controls (relative risk [RR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.26). Subset analyses according to follow-up, participant/investigator blinding, and type of GLP-1RA did not reveal any differences. The risk of benign breast neoplasms also did not differ between groups (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.48–2.01). Trial sequential analysis provided evidence that the sample size was sufficient to avoid missing alternative results.

Conclusions
Treatment with GLP-1RAs for obesity and diabetes does not increase the risk of breast neoplasms.
Uso de una matriz autóloga en el tratamiento de úlceras de pie diabético, con espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano y medidor de pH dérmico
Authors: Vallejo Leticia , Achterberg Jean 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una matriz autóloga en el tratamiento de úlceras de pie diabético (UPD) de difícil cicatrización, y analizar la respuesta inmune a la aplicación de la matriz con un escáner de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS, por sus siglas en inglés) y un medidor de pH dérmico. Método: Tres pacientes fueron tratados con una matriz de coágulo de sangre completa (WBC, por sus siglas en inglés) autóloga. La matriz se realizó en el punto de atención, mezclando la sangre del paciente con una suspensión coloidal de gluconato de calcio/caolín, e inyectándola en una bandeja de coagulación. Se formó un gel de WBC y se aplicó a las heridas. El gel de WBC se mantuvo en su lugar con apósitos primarios y secundarios. Resultados: Hubo una reducción del tamaño de las UPD de 70% tras dos aplicaciones, 97,6% después de tres aplicaciones, y 90,9% tras cuatro aplicaciones. El NIRS midió un aumento en la saturación de oxígeno tisular. No hubo reacciones adversas. Conclusión: La matriz autóloga fue eficaz en el tratamiento de las UPD. La superficie de las UPD se redujo después de cada aplicación y se logró el cierre completo de las heridas. Se necesitan más ensayos clínicos para comprender mejor los beneficios de la matriz de WBC en UPD. Conflicto de interés: RedDress Ltd. (Pardes-Hanna, Israel) proporcionó los suministros y materiales del estudio. Bennett Health Inc. ayudó con el desarrollo del protocolo y capacitó al personal sobre la aplicación del producto para coágulos sanguíneos. JA es accionista de Bennett Health Inc. No hubo interés financiero para ninguno de los investigadores o participantes.
Casos de pioderma gangrenoso en pacientes con quemaduras: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gaviria-Castellanos Jorge Luis , Cardozo Alexander Carvajal , Rubiano Andrea del Pilar Cruz 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura de casos de pioderma gangrenoso (PG) asociados con quemaduras, y comparar los resultados con un caso clínico de PG en un paciente con quemaduras, presentado por los autores en este mismo artículo. Método: Se revisó la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y ClinicalKey, entre junio de 2006 y julio de 2020. De los 831 artículos encontrados, sólo 43 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Nueve artículos, con 17 casos de estudio, fueron seleccionados. Se evaluó, además, el caso de estudio realizado por los autores (C18). Resultados: De los 18 casos totales, 50% fue mujer y, el restante 50%, hombre. En el 55% de los casos, las zonas con lesiones más afectadas fueron las del miembro inferior. El tratamiento más frecuentemente empleado fue con corticoides, en 88,9% de los casos. Hubo similitudes entre los casos estudiados. Conclusión: En lesiones traumáticas, como las quemaduras, el PG se presenta mayoritariamente en áreas sanas, ya cicatrizadas. Ocurre, con frecuencia, en los miembros inferiores, pero puede aparecer en cualquier área anatómica. Se presenta a cualquier edad, incluso en menores de edad, con mayor frecuencia en la quinta década de la vida. Conflicto de interés: Ninguno.
Cinco complicaciones comunes en heridas quirúrgicas: prevención y manejo
Authors: Freire Juan Francisco Benalcázar 
Published: November 2020

Sinopsis: El 3 de septiembre de 2020, durante la conferencia virtual Semana HEI (heridas, estomas e incontinencias), el cirujano vascular Juan Francisco Benalcázar Freire, del Hospital de Especialidades de las Fuerzas Armadas en Quito, Ecuador, presentó un webinar que describió las complicaciones más frecuentes en heridas quirúrgicas. En este reporte, el Dr Benalcázar resume los puntos más relevantes de su ponencia y alienta a los profesionales de la salud a enfocarse no sólo en la profilaxis de la infección del sitio quirúrgico, sino también en los cinco problemas más comunes de la herida quirúrgica. Conflicto de interés: JFBF ha trabajado como presentador en conferencias organizadas o auspiciadas por Essity.
Trajetória e implementação de Disciplina Interprofissional para cursos da Área de Saúde
Authors: Miguel Edson Arpini , Bicudo Angélica Maria , Albiero Adriana Meyer , Alves Rozilda Neves , Rocha Najara 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Na Educação Interprofissional duas ou mais profissões de saúde aprendem uma sobre a outra, aprimorando atitudes, conhecimento, habilidades e comportamentos para a prática colaborativa. Na Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) os cursos de saúde apresentam currículos com disciplinas, hierarquizados e centrados no professor. Justificam- se mudanças em busca de uma formação integral. Objetivo: Este trabalho descreve a criação e implementação de disciplinas interprofissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Método: Os componentes curriculares denominados Atenção em Saúde I e II foram introduzidos, de forma obrigatória, na matriz curricular nos cursos de Medicina, Enfermagem, Odontologia, Farmácia, Educação Física, Biomedicina e Psicologia. O total de estudantes matriculados é de aproximadamente 440 por ano, com 42 professores/tutores vinculados às disciplinas. Nas atividades é utilizada problematização, conforme tutorial previamente construído pelos docente e profissionais dos serviços. Resultados: Os estudantes em grupos, pelo menos um de cada curso, tem como cenários de ensino a rede APS. O total de alunos que cumpriram a disciplina está em torno de 1500 com 140 projetos de intervenção executados. A avaliação formativa é composta de eixos cognitivos, psicomotor e afetivo, articulados, contínuos e sistemáticos. Conclusão: a inovação da interprofissionalidade na graduação na primeira série dos cursos tem proporcionado maior integração entre os estudantes e realização de práticas colaborativas, além da aproximação da universidade com os serviços de saúde.