bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Marigold Flower and Pintoi Peanuts on The Natural Enemies of Rice Plant at Antirogo Sub-District Jember Regency
Authors: Erdiansyah Iqbal , Damanhuri Damanhuri , Kusuma Ningrum Dwi Rahmawati 
Published: July 2020

The objective of the research concerning the application of Marigold flower and Pintoi peanuts of the natural enemies on Rice plant is to find out the role of refugia. This research was conducted at Antirogo Village, Sumbersari Sub-District, Jember Regency for 5 months. The research started in November 2017 to March 2018. This research was conducted by using three squares of research area, sized 50 m2. The Treatment were, the first square employed marigold flower as the refugia. The second square used pintoi peanut as the refugia, while the third square was left without any refugia. The data of this research was analyzed statistically by using the t test. The result of this research revealed that through the utilization of marigold flower and pintoi peanut towards the natural enemies of the rice plant, it was founded out that the highest population of the vegetative phase seen on the square where the rice plant is given the pintoi peanut refugia, numbering 92. Meanwhile, the square which utilizes marigold flower showsed the number 50 unit as opposed to the finding which demonstrates that the square of rice plant without refugia showsed the number of natural enemies of 39 unit. The application of marigold flower and pintoi peanuts as the refugia playeds siginificant effect to the population of the natural enemies, respectively.
Conservation Of Juwet (Syzygium Cumini) Plant Using In Vitro Culture Techniques
Authors: Ummah Maslahatul , Mashluhah Kholidatul , Resmisari Ruri Siti 
Published: July 2020

Juwet (Syzygium cumini) is a plant that has benefits as a medicine for type II diabetes mellitus, lungs, coughing, laxative urine. However, juwet is a scarce plant, it needs cultivation as a form of cuonservation. One of them is by utilizing biotechnology, which is of plant tissue culture. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators on the growth of juwet embryonic callus and the effect of the combination NAA and BAP on the growth of axillary bud juwet as a conservation effort. This research is experimental. Using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with combination 2,4-D (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 5) mg/L, and BAP (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1) mg/L and combination NAA (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1) mg/L and BAP (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2) mg/L. Analysis by Two Way ANAVA test α = 5%. If there is a significant difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test with a significant level of 5%. Addition of 2.5 mg/L and 3 mg/L 2.4-D without BAP can induce intermediate callus, brownish yellow and there is a large cell nucleus in each cell. While the results of axillary bud growth is treatment in BAP 1 mg/L without NAA is the most effective interaction on the emergence of buds is 26.6 days after planting with the total of buds as much as 6.66, and the highest buds 5.37 cm and the highest total of leaves, namely 8.33 strands.
Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : La production laitière des ruminants traits
Authors: BARILLET F. , BONAITI B. 
Published: July 2020

La sécrétion lactée, fonction originale et spécifique des mammifères, est adaptée qualitativement et quantitativement aux besoins de survie des jeunes, qui en sont exclusivement dépendants pendant une période plus ou moins longue. De ce fait, le lait est un milieu biologique complexe, qui représente l’élément nutritif du jeune, assure la croissance de la flore intestinale du nouveau-né et contribue à la transmission de l’immunité passive. La sélection des ruminants laitiers, dont la production laitière est utilisée par l’homme (en trayant les femelles deux, voire trois fois par jour), a permis d’induire des fonctions laitières dont l’expression dépasse largement les quantités de lait nécessaires à la survie des espèces concernées. En pratique, la sélection laitière a porté jusqu’à maintenant sur des caractères mesurables sur un grand nombre d’animaux à des coûts acceptables dans le cadre du contrôle laitier : d’une part la quantité de lait, d’autre part pour sa composition les taux de matière grasse ou taux butyreux et taux de protéines.
Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : La production de fibres textiles chez la chèvre, le lapin et le mouton
Authors: ALLAIN D. , THÉBAULT R.G. 
Published: July 2020

Cet article présente l’état actuel de la production de fibres textiles animales en France : le mohair produit par la chèvre angora, l’angora produit par le lapin angora, et la laine produite par le mouton et considérée comme un sous-produit de l’élevage ovin. Chez la chèvre angora, dont la toison est normalement composée d’un seul type de fibres non médullées, et chez le mouton dont la composition de la toison est très diversifiée selon les races, les paramètres zootechniques de la production de fibres sont la quantité individuelle de poils produit, la finesse et la longueur des fibres, et la pureté de la toison (rendement au lavage, taux de fibres médullées grossières, matières végétales). Chez le lapin angora, dont la toison est composée de 3 types de fibres médullées, les paramètres zootechniques de la production d’angora sont le poids de toison, la composition (poil jarreux, poil laineux) et la dureté de la toison, et la longueur des différents types de fibres. Certains critères de qualité font l’objet de mesures objectives normalisées (finesse, longueur), d’autres doivent être précisés (dureté, taux de jarres). Chez la chèvre angora et le lapin angora, la mise en place du contrôle de performances en ferme avec mesures de critères de qualité des toisons et la conduite de travaux expérimentaux en station permettent d’appréhender les composantes et les facteurs de variations de la production et de créer des génotypes particuliers dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec les éleveurs allant du simple appui technique au programme collectif d’amélioration génétique.
Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : Adaptation des ovins aux conditions de milieu difficiles
Authors: BOUIX J. 
Published: July 2020

Les qualités d’adaptation des animaux aux conditions de milieu ne sont pas prises en compte actuellement de façon explicite dans les schémas de sélection, ni dans l’organisation du croisement, ni dans la production ovine en général. Ces caractères d’adaptation ou de rusticité sont cependant a priori des facteurs primordiaux de réussite économique de l’élevage en milieu contraignant ou peu maîtrisé. De telles formes d’élevage sont appelées à se développer dans le cadre des grandes orientations européennes de revalorisation de zones marginales et de protection de l’environnement, et il importe d’adapter sinon de redéfinir les programmes génétiques en fonction de ces nouvelles données. Une approche de ces problèmes (Bibé et Vissac) consiste à faire l’hypothèse que les performances zootechniques sont la résultante, sinon la somme, des expressions globales de "gènes de production" et de "gènes d’adaptation" dans le milieu d’élevage ; une sélection basée sur le contrôle des performances dans les conditions de la production permettrait alors de progresser globalement sans trop d’erreurs, à la fois sur les aptitudes de production et les qualités d’adaptation requises. Cette démarche est cependant imparfaite, particulièrement dans le cas de productions en milieux difficiles, car les contraintes d’environnement y sont par définition mal maîtrisées, et par conséquent les parts respectives des qualités d’adaptation et de production dans l’expression des performances sont fluctuantes. D’un autre point de vue, il est a priori plus efficace de travailler sur les composantes d’un phénomène plutôt que sur leur résultante dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas étroitement corrélées. Une autre approche consiste donc à étudier les éléments de la rusticité au même titre que les performances zootechniques classiques, pour tenter de valoriser leur éventuelle variabilité génétique intra ou inter races selon les méthodes d’amélioration génétique adéquates. Les actions dans lesquelles la SAGA (Station d’amélioration génétique des animaux - INRA) est impliquée, portant sur les caractères d’adaptation des ovins relèvent de cette double réflexion.
L’évaluation des reproducteurs : Complications des modèles d’évaluation : exemples des performances répétées et des effets maternels
Authors: LALOË D. 
Published: July 2020

Les hypothèses classiques du modèle simple d’évaluation génétique, à savoir normalité des effets génétiques, distributions normales, identiques et indépendantes, des résiduelles, indépendance des effets génétiques et des résiduelles, sont rappelées. Ces hypothèses peuvent être mises en défaut par des considérations zootechniques et génétiques concernant les phénomènes biologiques sous-jacents. Il est alors nécessaire d’adapter ce modèle simple. Le propos est illustré par deux exemples :- répétition des performances et nécessité de passer à un modèle multicaractère,- effets maternels et nécessité d’inclure ces effets sous une forme particulière dans le modèle. Le modèle avec effets maternels et l’interprétation des résultats qu’il fournit sont plus spécialement développés. On rappelle enfin l’équilibre à trouver entre rigueur et simplicité dans l’élaboration d’un modèle : les meilleurs modèles ne sont pas les plus compliqués.
La gestion des populations : La diversité des plans d’amélioration génétique
Authors: SELLIER P. 
Published: July 2020

La diversité des programmes d’amélioration génétique des animaux domestiques concerne à la fois les plans de croisement et les plans de sélection. L’intérêt du croisement et les formes d’utilisation du croisement (création d’une nouvelle population ou croisement systématique de type discontinu ou continu) dépendent de l’importance des effets d’hétérosis, du degré d’antagonisme génétique entre la performance de production et la performance de reproduction et de l’excédent de fécondité de l’espèce par rapport à ce qui est nécessaire pour le maintien d’une population de race pure. De nombreux facteurs contribuent à la diversité des plans de sélection : la nature des caractères sélectionnés (notamment leur déterminisme génétique), les paramètres de reproduction de l’espèce (notamment le nombre de produits par femelle et par cycle de reproduction), les modalités du contrôle de performances chez les candidats à la sélection et/ou leurs apparentés, les méthodes d’estimation des valeurs génétiques des reproducteurs, la structure de la population (noyau de sélection et troupeaux de production).
A new, more accurate, and easier to use Jacob's staff
Authors: Holland Steven M. , Regan Anik K. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
A new Jacob's staff using 3D printed brackets, a laser pointer, and an iOS app is described here. The staff offers improved accuracy of sighting, especially in situations where the rock exposure is not in the direction of dip, or where a lateral offset in a stratigraphic section is needed. Although the Jacob's staff will also work with a pocket transit or other inclinometer, the iOS app makes it easier to simultaneously maintain the correct dip angle and direction of the staff. The laser pointer substantially reduces error in sighting. The availability and low cost of 3D printing make this staff more accessible than similar apparatuses that require machined or welded metal parts. Field tests by students demonstrate greater accuracy than a traditional Jacob's staff combined with a transit.
Perceptions on Blended Learning in Higher Education among Academics and Learners in SEGI College Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Kumarasamy Krishnamoorthy , Kalimuthu Kalaivani , Narayanansamy Mahalecumy 
Published: July 2020

This paper serves as an exploration into finding the perceptions of students and academics on blended learning approach over a course, also to identify the perceived benefits, challenges and limitations in teaching and learning among students and academics. To examine the students’ and academics’ perceptions, this paper has used mixed methodology of questionnaire to the students and structured interview survey to the academics. Both data was analysed at the end of the course after all the content, assessment strategies and learning processes taken place with blended approach. Results indicated that the students’ perceptions are more likely to show positive association towards blended learning approach with some concerns on the format of blended learning approach. Likewise, the academics who have carried blended learning approach into their teaching have shown similar association. Besides that, the academics also shared their insights on the benefits, challenges and limitations respectively towards blended learning approach.
A Stochastic Method to Estimate the Anisotropic Stress-Dependent Coal Permeability by Pore-Volume Distribution and Stress-Strain Measurements
Authors: Raza Syed Shabbar , Rudolph Victor , Rufford Tom , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: July 2020

Summary
A novel, simple, economical, and time-effective method to estimate the anisotropic permeability of coal is presented in this paper. This method estimates the coal’s anisotropic permeability by avoiding the tedious experimentation using triaxial permeameter or history-matching exercises. This method calculates the absolute magnitude of the permeability of the sample. In this regard, it is unlike other analytical permeability models, such as given by Palmer and Mansoori (1998) and Shi and Durucan (2014), that only calculate the permeability ratio (k/k0). The motivation is to find a method by which the permeability of the coal may be determined with reasonable accuracy by using only two easy measurements: mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and anisotropic stress-strain (σ-ɛ) measurement. The main blocks of the method are based on cleat size that is obtained from MIP and randomly allocated to form flow channels/cleats through the coal; these cleats form parallel paths in the orthogonal face and butt cleat directions that provide the permeability; and the cleat width (b) is stress dependent. This method is further validated by comparing with the experimentally measured stress-dependent permeability of Surat Basin (Australia) coal and German coal in face cleat and butt cleat directions.
Relocation experiences of the elderly to a long-term care facility in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Authors: Wu Chia-Shan , Rong Jiin-Ru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRelocation to a long-term care (LTC) facility is a major life change for most elderly people. Following relocation, many elderly experience difficulties in adapting to changes in the living environment. Taiwan is increasingly becoming an "aging society” and the numbers of those who relocate from family residences to long-term residential care facilities have increased over years. However, in-depth evidence on the experiences of the elderly of their stay in LTC facilities in Taiwan is relatively sparse. This study aimed to explore the relocation experiences of the elderly to a LTC facility to inform policy and practice to address their needs effectively.MethodsA qualitative study, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, was conducted to explore the experiences of 16 elderly people who have relocated to and lived in a LTC facility in Taiwan for up to a period of 12 months. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory approach.ResultsParticipants’ accounts reflected four interrelated key themes: wish to minimize the burden, but stay connected with the family; perceived barriers to adaptation; valuing tailored care; and acceptance and engagement. Each theme included interrelated subthemes that influenced one another and represented the different stages in the relocation journey. Most participants viewed relocation as a way of minimizing the burden of their care from family members, but desired to keep a close connection with family and friends. Participants recounted experiences of psychological resistance while making the decision to relocate. Fear of losing autonomy and the ability to perform self-care was a major reason for resistance to adapt. Provision of tailored care was accorded much value by the participants. The decision to accept the relocation and to adapt themselves to the new environment due to their needs for constant care was explicit in some accounts.ConclusionsRelocation to LTC facility is a dynamic process in the first year of moving into the facility, and involves a range of emotions, feelings and experiences. Adaptation of the elderly into the LTC facility can be maximized if the relocation is well planned with provisions for individually tailored care and family involvement.
Anthropometrical measurements and maternal visceral fat during first half of pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kretzer Daniela Cortés , Matos Salete , Von Diemen Lisia , Magalhães José Antônio de Azevedo , Schöffel Alice Carvalhal , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Rocha Alexandre da Silva , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Determining anthropometric measures that indicate different fat deposits can be useful to predict metabolic risk and set specific treatment goals, reducing negative consequences for maternal and fetal health. In cases where pre-gestational weight measure and subsequent body mass index (BMI) values cannot be determined, other anthropometric measurements may be ideal for measuring the nutritional status of pregnant women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to identify which anthropometric measurements correlate better with the maternal fat deposits measured by ultrasound.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women from the city of Porto Alegre (city), capital of Rio Grande do Sul (state), southern Brazil, from October 2016 until January 2018. Anthropometrical variables (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], circumferences of calf and neck and triceps skinfolds [TSF] and subscapular skinfolds [SBSF]), and ultrasound variables (visceral adipose tissue [VAT] and total adipose tissue [TAT]) were collected. To verify the correlation of anthropometric and ultrasound measurements, a non-adjusted and adjusted Spearman correlation was used. The study was approved by the ethics committees.

Results

The age median of the 149 pregnant women was 25 years [21 - 31], pre-pregnancy BMI was 26.22kg/m² [22.16 – 31.21] and gestational age was 16.2 weeks [13.05 – 18.10]. The best measurements correlated with VAT and TAT were MUAC and SBSF, both of which showed a higher correlation than pre-pregnancy BMI.

Conclusion

It is possible to provide a practical and reliable estimate of VAT and TAT from the anthropometric evaluation (MUAC or SBSF) that is low cost, efficient and replicable in an outpatient clinic environment, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Antibacterial Activity of Cu(II) and Co(II) Porphyrins: Role of Ligand Modification
Authors: Beyene belete , Wassie Getaneh A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we report antibacterial activity of metalloporphyrins; 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis ( para -X phenyl)porphyrinato M (II) [where X= H, NH 2 and COOMe for M = Cu and X= COOH and OMe for M = Co] . The activity study of the as-synthesized metalloporphyrins toward two Gram-positive ( S. aureus and S. pyogenes) and two Gram-negative ( E. coli and K. pneumoniae ) bacteria showed a promising inhibitory activity . Among the complexes under study, the highest antibacterial activity is observed for 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato cobalt (II), with inhibition zone of 16.5mm against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). This activity could be attributed to the high binding ability of COOH group to cellular components, membranes, proteins, and DNA as well as the lipophilicity of the complex. Moreover, consistent with literature report, the study revealed that metalloporphyrins with electron withdrawing group at para-positions have better antibacterial activity than metalloporphyrin which possess electron donating group at para position.
Measuring Clinical Uncertainty and Equipoise by Applying the Agreement Study Methodology to Patient Management Decisions
Authors: FAHED Robert , DARSAUT Tim E. , FARZIN Behzad , CHAGNON Miguel , Raymond Jean 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical uncertainty and equipoise are vague notions that play important roles in contemporary problems of medical care and research, including the design and conduct of pragmatic trials. Our goal was to show how the reliability study methods normally used to assess diagnostic tests can be applied to particular management decisions to measure the degree of uncertainty and equipoise regarding the use of rival management options.Methods: We first use thrombectomy in acute stroke as an illustrative example of the method we propose. We then review, item by item, how the various design elements of diagnostic reliability studies can be modified in order to measure clinical uncertainty.Results: The thrombectomy example shows sufficient disagreement and uncertainty to warrant the conduct of additional randomized trials. The general method we propose is that a sufficient number of diverse individual cases sharing a similar clinical problem and covering a wide spectrum of clinical presentations be assembled into a portfolio that is submitted to a variety of clinicians who routinely manage patients with the clinical problem. Clinicians are asked to independently choose one of the predefined management options, which are selected from those that would be compared within a randomized trial that would address the clinical dilemma. Intra-rater agreement can be assessed at a later time with a second evaluation. Various professional judgments concerning individual patients can then be compared and analyzed using kappa statistics or similar methods. Interpretation of results can be facilitated by providing examples or by translating the results into clinically meaningful summary sentences.Conclusions: Measuring the uncertainty regarding management options for clinical problems may reveal substantial disagreement, provide an empirical foundation for the notion of equipoise, and inform or facilitate the design/conduct of clinical trials to address the clinical dilemma.
The algal selenoproteomes
Authors: Jiang Liang , Lu Yiqian , Zheng Lin , Li Gaopeng , Chen Lianchang , Zhang Maona , Ni Jiazuan , Liu Qiong , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Selenium is an important trace element, and selenocysteine is its predominant form in vivo. The protein containing selenocysteine is selenoprotein, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding selenocysteine, but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of selenocysteine flanking region. These special features have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods for the prediction and research of selenoprotein genes. There are some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, is very limited. Results: In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to hold these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families. Conclusions: This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to build the whole evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins for all life.