bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the physiological state of feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana Berg) in subtropical Russia
Authors: Omarova Zuhra , Platonova Nataliia , Belous Oksana , Omarov Magomed 
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of research examining varietal diversity with respect the activity of oxidative enzymes (EC 1.11.1.6) and the dry matter and Proline accumulation of leaves under optimal and stressful conditions. For feijoa, the most stressful period in the subtropics of Russia, with respect to hydrothermal conditions, occurs between July and September. Studies have shown that the highest degree of enzymatic activity is observed in August in the ‘Superba’ variety of feijoa, which was used as a control in this study, and the lowest level of activity was observed in the 'Sentjabrskaja' variety. The long-term water deficit experienced in September coincides with fruiting in feijoa. This causes a change in catalase activity in leaves, which is maintained until it is inhibited. Form ShV-1 of feijoa is characterised by its metabolic stability. In fact, the activity of oxidative enzymes in leaves of the variety is stable. Dry matter content per unit area increases as the leaf grows. During the drought period, which coincides with active fruiting, the leaves of the ‘Dachnaja' variety and the ShV-1 form accumulate significantly less dry matter than other varieties. In the ‘Dagomysskaja' variety, the intensity of organic matter consumption via respiration and outflow exceeds visible photosynthesis, which is expressed as a negative value (average = 1.96 g.dm-2 h). To fully characterise the physiological state of feijoa plants under the influence of abiotic factors and catalase activity in the humid subtropics of Russia, indicators of dry matter accumulation and true photosynthesis intensity can be used.
Lamotrigine Toxicosis Treated with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy in a Dog
Authors: Hagley Simon P. , Epstein Steven E. , Stern Joshua A. , Poppenga Robert 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A female spayed dachshund/mixed-breed dog was evaluated following ingestion of lamotrigine tablets with subsequent rapid onset of vomiting, diarrhea, and generalized tremoring. On initial examination, the dog was moderately obtunded and nonambulatory with intermittent myoclonus and hyperesthesia. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia with prolongation of the QT interval. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) infusion was initiated, with reduction in tremoring and improved patient mentation being noted after ∼20 min of therapy. An elevated cardiac troponin I value measured at 1.02 ng/mL the day after presentation. Serum toxicological assay revealed marked reduction in serum lamotrigine levels following ILE and continued reduction during hospitalization. The dog’s clinical signs resolved, corrected QT interval returned to normal, and the patient was discharged 38 hr after presentation. Individual cases of lamotrigine toxicosis have not been fully reported in veterinary literature. This case report documents the rapid onset of clinical signs including neurologic dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, and transient corrected QT prolongation. Serial serum concentrations of lamotrigine showed a rapid reduction with ILE therapy and corresponded with clinical recovery, suggesting efficacy of ILE treatment in this case.
Successful Treatment of Urinary Bladder Hemangiosarcoma by Partial Cystectomy in a Dog
Authors: Townsend Sarah , Regier Penny J. , More Sunil N. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA 6 yr old neutered male German shepherd dog was evaluated at a veterinary referral hospital following diagnosis of uroabdomen of unknown origin. A positive-contrast retrograde urethrogram identified diffusely irregular margins of the urinary bladder but no active leakage of urine into the peritoneal cavity. An abdominal ultrasound identified severe thickening and loss of wall layering of the apex of the bladder. The dog was initially managed with an indwelling urinary catheter; however, when the catheter was removed 5 days later, the dog developed a recurrent uroabdomen after an episode of dysuria. Subsequent surgical exploration identified numerous (&gt;5), small (1–2 cm), black cyst-like nodules within the bladder wall at the apex of the bladder. A partial cystectomy, removing approximately 65% of the cranial bladder, was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the bladder identified hemangiosarcoma of the bladder wall with chronic neutrophilic and hemorrhagic cystitis. The dog recovered from surgery without major complication and is still alive 9 mo following surgery. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of canine bladder hemangiosarcoma by partial cystectomy in a dog.
Caudal Auricular Axial Pattern Flap for the Reconstruction of the Upper Eyelid in Three Cats
Authors: Del Magno Sara , Giuseppe Paludi , Pisani Guido , Morello Emanuela , Piras Lisa Adele , Buracco Paolo , Martano Marina 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThree cats bearing malignant tumors (two squamous cell carcinomas and one peripheral nerve sheath tumor) affecting the upper eyelid (UE) were treated by en bloc tumor removal. A caudal auricular axial pattern flap was used for reconstruction, and its margin was sutured to only the medial and lateral canthus in two cats; in the third cat, a narrow strip of spared conjunctiva was sutured to the flap margin. Postoperatively, superficial corneal ulcers occurred in two cats, but they healed with topical treatment. Apart from a reduced ability to blink, no further functional deficits persisted, and the long-term cosmetic appearance was considered satisfactory by the owners. Tumor-free excisional margins were achieved in two cases. Tumor recurrence in the long-term was observed for two cats, 350 and 380 days after surgery, one of whom had excisional noninfiltrated margins on histologic examination. UE reconstruction to preserve eyelid function following tumor excision without exenteration is challenging. In selected cases, caudal auricular axial pattern flap is one of the surgical options available to reconstruct the defect resulting from en bloc UE removal without any replacement of the mucosal layer.
STAFF TURNOVER IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO
Authors: Caldera González Diana Del Consuelo , Arredondo Hidalgo María Guadalupe , Zárate Negrete Laura Elena 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Identificar las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato, México. Método: La investigación es cualitativa con alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 67 encargados de personal de hoteles en Guanajuato capital. Relevancia: En México la actividad turística es considerada un motor para el desarrollo económico por su gran aportación al Producto Interno Bruto. Esta actividad se caracteriza por el alto empleo de recursos humanos que intervienen en el proceso de prestación de servicios, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un alto nivel de rotación de personal en esta industria, por lo cual estudiar las causas de este fenómeno resulta relevante. Resultados: Las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato México son: a) el sistema de compensaciones; b) el reclutamiento y selección de personal; y c) la desmotivación de los empleados. Contribuciones: Además del diagnóstico, se diseñaron algunas estrategias de bajo costo para atacar cada uno de los factores detonadores de la rotación de personal en esta industria.
Os graus de ambiguidade e conflito de uma política educacional na perspectiva dos agentes de linha de frente: o caso do Saerj
Authors: Mota Diego , Mota Maria Océlia 
Published: May 2020

Neste texto aborda-se a política de avaliação de desempenho das escolas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, levada a efeito no âmbito do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Saerj - no período de 2008 a 2016, com o objetivo de conhecer o processo de implantação segundo os professores. Para isso analisou-se o sistema de avaliação utilizado pela Secretaria de Educação sob a perspectiva das agências burocráticas e do modelo analítico de Matland (1995). Os resultados indicam que o grau de conflito relacionado aos instrumentos de ação colaboraram significativamente para que sua implantação se aproximasse de uma perspectiva política. Os meios de regulação da política tiveram efeitos indutores negativos, de acordo com os agentes envolvidos. Essa condição foi uma das reivindicações manifestas na pauta da greve dos professores em 2016, contribuindo para a descontinuidade da política educacional.Palavras-chave: políticas educacionais; avaliação em larga escala; avaliação da educação.
Knowing Machines
Authors: MacKenzie Donald 
Published: May 2020

Ranging from broad inquiries into the roles of economics and sociology in the explanation of technological change to an argument for the possibility of "uninventing" nuclear weapons, this selection of Donald MacKenzie's essays provides a solid introduction to the style and the substance of the sociology of technology.
The essays are tied together by their explorations of connections (primarily among technology, society, and knowledge) and by their general focus on modern "high" technology. They also share an emphasis on the complexity of technological formation and fixation and on the role of belief (especially self-validating belief) in technological change.
Two of the articles won major prizes on their original journal publication, and all but one date from 1991 or later. A substantial new introduction outlines the common themes underlying this body of work and places it in the context of recent debates in technology studies. Two conceptual essays are followed by seven empirical essays focusing on the laser gyroscopes that are central to modern aircraft navigation technology, supercomputers (with a particular emphasis on their use in the design of nuclear weapons), the application of mathematical proof in the design of computer systems, computer-related accidental deaths, and the nature of the knowledge that is needed to design a nuclear bomb.
Participating in Explanatory Dialogues
Authors: Moore Johanna D. 
Published: May 2020

While much has been written about the areas of text generation, text planning, discourse modeling, and user modeling, Johanna Moore's book is one of the first to tackle modeling the complex dynamics of explanatory dialogues. It describes an explanation-planning architecture that enables a computational system to participate in an interactive dialogue with its users, focusing on the knowledge structures that a system must build in order to elaborate or clarify prior utterances, or to answer follow-up questions in the context of an ongoing dialogue.
Moore develops a model of explanation generation and describes a fully implemented natural-language system that is embedded in an existing expert system and that includes a generation component. Her main thesis is that shallow approaches to explanation such as paraphrasing the expert system's line of reasoning or filling in an explanation "schema" are not adequate for supporting dialogue, and that a more flexible approach is needed, one that is adaptive to context, aware of what is being said, and of what has gone before in the user's dialogue with the expert system. She argues that the problem with prior approaches is that they do not provide a representation of the intended effects of the components of an explanation, nor how these intentions are related to one another or to the rhetorical structure of the text. She proposes a computational solution to the question of how explanations can be synthesized in such a way that a system can later reason about the explanations it has produced to affect its subsequent utterances.
ACL-MIT Series in Natural Language Processing
White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for Alice
Authors: Millikan Ruth Garrett 
Published: May 2020

This collection of essays serves both as an introduction to Ruth Millikan's Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories and as an extension and application of Millikan's central and controversial themes, especially in the philosophy of psychology.
Ruth Millikan's extended argument for a biological view of the study of cognition in Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories caught the attention of the philosophical community. Universally regarded as an important, even brilliant, work, its complexity and dense presentation made it difficult to plumb. This collection of essays serves both as an introduction to that much discussed volume and as an extension and application of Millikan's central and controversial themes, especially in the philosophy of psychology.
The title essay, referring to the White Queen's practice of exercising her mind by believing impossible things, discusses meaning rationalism and argues that rationality is not in the head, indeed, that there is no legitimate interpretation under which logical possibility and necessity are known a priori. Nor are there any laws of rational psychology. Rationality is not a lawful occurrence but a biological norm that is effected in an integrated head-world system under biologically ideal conditions.
In other essays, Millikan clarifies her views on the nature of mental representation, explores whether human thought is a product of natural selection, examines the nature of behavior as studied by the behavioral sciences, and discusses the issues of individualism in psychology, psychological explanation, indexicality in thought, what knowledge is, and the realism/antirealism debate.
Bradford Books imprint
Without Miracles
Authors: Cziko Gary A. 
Published: May 2020

"The fish's streamlined shape reveals functional knowledge of the physical properties of water.... The deadly effectiveness of the cobra's venom shows useful knowledge of the physiology of its prey.... Indeed, knowledge itself may be broadly conceived as the fit of some aspect of an organism to some aspect of its environment, whether it be the fit of the butterfly's long siphon of a mouth to theflowers from which it feeds or the fit of the astrophysicist's theories to the structure of the universe.... But how did such remarkable instances of fit arise? How did the animate world obtain its impressive knowledge of its surroundings? And how do organismscontinue to acquire knowledge and thereby increase their fit during their lifetimes?"
In this sweeping account of the emergence of fit, Gary Cziko integrates numerous scientific disciplines within the perspective of a universal selection theory that attempts to account for all cases of fit involving living organisms, including those that might appear miraculous. Cziko's bold assertion is that all novel forms of adapted complexity—whether single-celled organisms or scientific theories—emerge from an evolutionary process involving cumulative blind variation and selection.
Without Miracles describes many remarkable examples of the fit of various structures, behaviors, and products of living organisms to their environments in a broad synthesis of humankind's attempt to understand the emergence of complex, adapted entities. These explanations range from the providential accounts of the early philosophers and "natural theologians," through instructionist theories of the type proposed by Lamarck, to an ongoing "second Darwinian revolution" in which natural and artificial selection are being applied to many fields of science to both explain the emergence of naturally occurring adapted complexity and to facilitate the design of useful products ranging from microbes to computer programs.
The evolution of explanations of fit from providential through instructionist to selectionist theories, Cziko argues, has occurred repeatedly in many different fields of knowledge along with a growing realization that the Darwinian mechanism of cumulative blind variation and selection is the only tenable nonmiraculous explanation for the emergence of any kind of functional complexity.
Cziko applies this provocative selectionist thesis to a stunning range of domains including biology, immunology, neuroscience, ethology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, education, linguistics, and computer science. The result is an up-to-date, clearly summarized collection of selectionist arguments that shows how our knowledge of the emergence of fit has itself evolved and continues to do so.
Bradford Books imprint
Words, Thoughts, and Theories
Authors: Gopnik Alison , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: May 2020

Words, Thoughts, and Theories articulates and defends the "theory theory" of cognitive and semantic development, the idea that infants and young children, like scientists, learn about the world by forming and revising theories, a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science.
Gopnik and Meltzoff interweave philosophical arguments and empirical data from their own and other's research. Both the philosophy and the psychology, the arguments and the data, address the same fundamental epistemological question: How do we come to understand the world around us?
Recently, the theory theory has led to much interesting research. However, this is the first book to look at the theory in extensive detail and to systematically contrast it with other theories. It is also the first to apply the theory to infancy and early childhood, to use the theory to provide a framework for understanding semantic development, and to demonstrate that language acquisition influences theory change in children.The authors show that children just beginning to talk are engaged in profound restructurings of several domains of knowledge. These restructurings are similar to theory changes in science, and they influence children's early semantic development, since children's cognitive concerns shape and motivate their use of very early words. But, in addition, children pay attention to the language they hear around them and this too reshapes their cognition, and causes them to reorganize their theories.
Bradford Books imprint
Spirometric traits show quantile-dependent heritability, which may contribute to their gene-environment interactions with smoking and pollution
Authors: Williams Paul T. 
Published: May 2020

Background
“Quantile-dependent expressivity” refers to a genetic effect that is dependent upon whether the phenotype (e.g., spirometric data) is high or low relative to its population distribution. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio are moderately heritable spirometric traits. The aim of the analyses is to test whether their heritability (h2) is constant over all quantiles of their distribution.

Methods
Quantile regression was applied to the mean age, sex, height and smoking-adjusted spirometric data over multiple visits in 9,993 offspring-parent pairs and 1,930 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study to obtain robust estimates of offspring-parent (βOP), offspring-midparent (βOM), and full-sib regression slopes (βFS). Nonparametric significance levels were obtained from 1,000 bootstrap samples. βOPs were used as simple indicators of quantile-specific heritability (i.e., h2 = 2βOP/(1+rspouse), where rspouse was the correlation between spouses).

Results
βOP ± standard error (SE) decreased by 0.0009 ± 0.0003 (P = 0.003) with every one-percent increment in the population distribution of FEV1/FVC, i.e., βOP ± SE were: 0.182 ± 0.031, 0.152 ± 0.015; 0.136 ± 0.011; 0.121 ± 0.013; and 0.099 ± 0.013 at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the FEV1/FVC distribution, respectively. These correspond to h2 ± SEs of 0.350 ± 0.060 at the 10th, 0.292 ± 0.029 at the 25th, 0.262 ± 0.020 at the 50th, 0.234 ± 0.025 at the 75th, and 0.191 ± 0.025 at the 90th percentiles of the FEV1/FVC ratio. Maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) h2 ± SEs increased 0.0025 ± 0.0007 (P = 0.0004) with every one-percent increment in its distribution, i.e.: 0.467 ± 0.046, 0.467 ± 0.033, 0.554 ± 0.038, 0.615 ± 0.042, and 0.675 ± 0.060 at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of its distribution. This was due to forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%), whose quantile-specific h2 increased an average of 0.0042 ± 0.0008 for every one-percent increment in its distribution. It is speculated that previously reported gene-environment interactions may be partially attributable to quantile-specific h2, i.e., greater heritability in individuals with lower FEV1/FVC due to smoking or airborne particles exposure vs. nonsmoking, unexposed individuals.

Conclusion
Heritabilities of FEV1/FVC, MMEF, and FEF75% from quantile-regression of offspring-parent and sibling spirometric data suggest their quantile-dependent expressivity.
The prevalence of low back pain among female hospital staff at childbearing age
Authors: Al-Hadidi Fadi , Bsisu Isam , Haddad Bassem , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , Shaban Mamoun , Matani Nada , Dehidi Sondos , Khater Yasmeen , Shahrouri Rana , Al Muzayen Tasnim , Al Hawamdeh Hashem 
Published: May 2020

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is considered the most common work-related musculoskeletal disorder among female healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of LBP and non-ergonomic risk factors between female nurses, office workers, and patient transporters, and the effect of pain on job performance.

Methods
Based on semi-structured interviews, we conducted a cross-sectional study on Jordanian female hospital workers between January and July, 2017.

Results
We included 209 participants with a mean age of 35.57 ± 8 years from four Jordanian medical centers. Nurses have significantly higher frequency of LBP (82.5%; p = 0.05) compared to both office workers (67.5%) and patient transporters (68.6%). The mean difference in pain score using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after treatment varied significantly (p = 0.003), since it was 28.2 (±35.4) for office workers, compared to 22.8 (±26.5) for nurses and 6.5 (±33.7) for patient transporters. A higher frequency of nurses reported that LBP affected their job performance (64.9%; p = 0.013), and 43.3% of them reported having previous sick leaves due to LBP (p = 0.008).

Conclusions
LBP is common among female hospital workers, with significantly higher prevalence among female nurses when compared to other female hospital staff.
Recent Progress on Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Nonpolymeric Materials
Authors: Matsuki Keiichiro , Pu Jiang , Takenobu Taishi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have emerged as some of the simplest light‐emitting devices. Indeed, numerous LECs have been produced using fluorescent polymers; however, initial LEC structures require a mixture of polymers and electrolytes, thus strictly limiting their applicability. In contrast, recent advances in device technologies and material synthesis have opened a route for LECs using nonpolymeric materials. This progress report focuses on current developments in the device concepts, mechanisms, and characteristics of LECs that allow the utilization of nonpolymeric materials. First, the three primary device types, namely, electrochemically doped, ionic‐material, and electrostatically doped LECs, are categorized, and their distinct features are described. Second, electrochemically doped LECs based on small molecules and branched molecules are introduced. Then, an overview of the rapidly growing field of ionic‐material LECs, especially ionic transition metal complexes, ionic small molecules and perovskites, and their characteristics are provided. Following these results, recent achievements in solid‐state materials, such as inorganic single crystals, quantum dots, and 2D materials, as electrostatically doped LECs are highlighted. Finally, an overview and evaluation of these LECs reveal the key directions and remaining issues that must be overcome to further functionalize LECs, which provide a versatile approach for new lighting applications comprising emergent materials.