bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Impact of Proficiency-based Progression Simulation Training on Performance Outcomes
Authors: Mazzone Elio , Puliatti Stefano , Amato Marco , Bunting Brendan , Rocco Bernardo , Montorsi Francesco , Mottrie Alexandre , Gallagher Anthony G. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To analyze all published prospective, randomized, and blinded clinical studies on the proficiency-based progression (PBP) training using objective performance metrics.

Background:
The benefit of PBP methodology to learning clinical skills in comparison to conventional training is not settled.

Methods:
Search of PubMed, Cochrane library's Central, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases, from inception to 1st March 2020. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Results were pooled using biased corrected standardized mean difference and ratio-of-means. Summary effects were evaluated using a series of fixed and random effects models. The primary outcome was the number of procedural errors performed comparing PBP and non-PBP-based training pathways. Secondary outcomes were the number of procedural steps completed and the time to complete the task/procedure.

Results:
From the initial pool of 468 studies, 12 randomized clinical studies with a total of 239 participants were included in the analysis. In comparison to the non-PBP training, ratio-of-means results showed that PBP training reduced the number of performance errors by 60% (P < 0.001) and procedural time by 15% (P = 0.003) and increased the number of steps performed by 47% (P < 0.001).

Conclusions and Relevance:
Our systematic review and meta-analysis confirms that PBP training in comparison to conventional or quality assured training improved trainees’ performances, by decreasing procedural errors and procedural time, while increasing the number of correct steps taken when compared to standard simulation-based training.
Bringing COVID-19 home for Christmas: a need for enhanced testing in healthcare institutions after the holidays
Authors: Smith David R. M. , Duval Audrey , Zahar Jean Ralph , Opatowski Lulla , Temime Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFestive gatherings this 2020 holiday season threaten to cause a surge in new cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitals and long-term care facilities are key hotspots for COVID-19 outbreaks, and may be at elevated risk as patients and staff return from holiday celebrations in the community. Some settings and institutions have proposed fortified post-holiday testing regimes to mitigate this risk. We use an existing model to assess whether implementing a single round of post-holiday screening is sufficient to detect and manage holiday-associated spikes in COVID-19 introductions to the long-term care setting. We show that while testing early helps to detect cases prior to potential onward transmission, it likely to miss a substantial share of introductions owing to false negative test results, which are more probable early in infection. We propose a two-stage post-holiday testing regime as a means to maximize case detection and mitigate the risk of nosocomial COVID-19 outbreaks into the start of the new year. Whether all patients and staff should be screened, or only community-exposed patients, depends on available testing capacity: the former will be more effective, but also more resource-intensive.
Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France: a nationwide study
Authors: Jollant Fabrice , Roussot Adrien , Corruble Emmanuelle , Chauvet-Gelinier Jean-Christophe , Falissard Bruno , Mikaeloff Yann , Quantin Catherine 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionLittle is known to date about the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on self-harm incidence.MethodsThe number of hospitalizations for self-harm in France (mainland and overseas) from January to August 2020 (which includes the first confinement from March 17th to May 11th) was compared to the same period in 2019-2017. Hospital data with the ICD-10 codes X60-84 were extracted from the national administrative database (PMSI).ResultsThere were 53,583 hospitalizations for self-harm in France between January and August 2020. Compared to the same period in 2019, this represents an overall 8.5% decrease. This decrease started the first week of the confinement and the number of hospitalizations remained at lower levels relative to 2019 until the end of August. The decrease was more marked in women (−9.8%) than men (−6.4%). However, an increase in hospitalizations was observed in individuals aged 75 and older (+5.3 to +11.6%). Moreover, the number of self-harm by firearm (+20.3%), jumping from height (+10.5%), and drowning (+4.7%) increased between 2019 and 2020, as well as the number of hospitalizations in intensive care (+3.5%) and deaths at discharge from hospital (+8.0%). No correlation was found between the evolution in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm and the number of severe cases of Covid-19 (hospitalization and mortality rates) across administrative departments.DiscussionDuring the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France - including the first confinement -, a general decrease in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm was observed. However, an increase was found among elderly, a population at higher Covid 19-related mortality risk, and in the number of more severe suicidal acts. These results, therefore, shed light on a complex relationship between the pandemic and self-harm occurrence. This situation may change with time, which requires active suicide prevention strategies.
Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Deep Learning of the Computerized Tomography Scans
Authors: Tabrizchi Hamed , Mosavi Amir , Szabo-Gali Akos , Nadai Laszlo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that COVID-19 may be accompanied by symptoms such as a dry cough, muscle aches, sore throat, and mild to moderate respiratory illness. The symptoms of this disease indicate the fact that COVID-19 causes noticeable negative effects on the lungs. Therefore, considering the health status of the lungs using X-rays and CT scans of the chest can significantly help diagnose COVID-19 infection. Due to the fact that most of the methods that have been proposed to COVID-19 diagnose deal with the lengthy testing time and also might give more false positive and false negative results, this paper aims to review and implement artificial intelligence (AI) image-based diagnosis methods in order to detect coronavirus infection with zero or near to zero false positives and false negatives rates. Besides the already existing AI image-based medical diagnosis method for the other well-known disease, this study aims on finding the most accurate COVID-19 detection method among AI methods such as machine learning (ML) and artificial neural network (ANN), ensemble learning (EL) methods.
Direct RNA nanopore sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 extracted from critical material from swabs
Authors: Vacca Davide , Fiannaca Antonino , Tramuto Fabio , Cancila Valeria , La Paglia Laura , Mazzucco Walter , Gulino Alessandro , La Rosa Massimo , Maida Carmelo Massimo , Morello Gaia , Belmonte Beatrice , Casuccio Alessandra , Maugeri Rosario , Iacopino Gerardo , Vitale Francesco , Tripodo Claudio , Urso Alfonso 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn consideration of the increasing prevalence of COVID-19 cases in several countries and the resulting demand for unbiased sequencing approaches, we performed a direct RNA sequencing experiment using critical oropharyngeal swab samples collected from Italian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the Palermo region in Sicily.MethodsHere, we identified the sequences SARS-CoV-2 directly in RNA extracted from critical samples using the Oxford Nanopore MinION technology without prior cDNA retro-transcription.ResultsUsing an appropriate bioinformatics pipeline, we could identify mutations in the nucleocapisid (N) gene, which have been reported previously in studies conducted in other countries.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, the technique used in this study has not been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection previously owing to the difficulties in the extraction of RNA of sufficient quantity and quality from routine oropharyngeal swabs.Despite these limitations, this approach provides the advantages of true native RNA sequencing, and does not include amplification steps that could introduce systematic errors.This study can provide novel information relevant to the current strategies adopted in SARS-CoV-2 next-generation sequencing.We deposited the gene sequence in the NCBI database under the following URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT457389
HLA-C*04:01 is a Genetic Risk Allele for Severe Course of COVID-19
Authors: January Weiner , Phillip Suwalski , Manuel Holtgrewe , Charlotte Thibeault , Müller Melina , Dimitri Patriki , Claudia Quedenau , Krüger Ulrike , Elisa T. Helbig , Lena Lippert , Paula Stubbemann , Miguel Real Luis , Macias Sanchez Juan , Pineda Juan A. , Marta Fernandez-Fuertes , Xiaomin Wang , Zehra Karadeniz , Jacopo Saccomanno , Jan-Moritz Doehn , Ralf-Harto Hübner , Bernd Hinzmann , Mauricio Salvo , Anja Blueher , Sandra Siemann , Stjepan Jurisic , Hansjuerg Beer , Jonas Rutishauser , Benedikt Wiggli , Hansruedi Schmid , Kathrin Danninger , Ronald Binder , Victor Corman M. , Barbara Mühlemann , Alice Braun , Stephan Ripke , Jones Terry C. , Norbert Suttorp , Martin Witzenrath , Stefan Hippenstiel , Tomasz Zemojtel , Carsten Skurk , Wolfgang Poller , Tatiana Borodina ,   Pa-COVID Study Group, Sander Leif E. , Dieter Beule , Ulf Landmesser , Toumy Guettouche , Florian Kurth , Bettina Heidecker 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been increasing demand to identify predictors of severe clinical course in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human leukocyte antigen alleles (HLA) have been suggested as potential genetic host factors. We sought to evaluate this hypothesis by conducting an international multicenter study using HLA sequencing with subsequent independent validation.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 332 samples. First, we enrolled 233 patients in Germany, Spain, and Switzerland for HLA and whole exome sequencing. Furthermore, we validated our results in a public data set (United States, n=99). Patients older than 18 years presenting with COVID-19 were included, representing the full spectrum of the disease. HLA candidate alleles were identified in the derivation cohort (n=92) and tested in two independent validation cohorts (n=240).ResultsWe identified HLA-C* 04:01 as a novel genetic predictor for severe clinical course in COVID-19. Carriers of HLA-C* 04:01 had twice the risk of intubation when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (hazard ratio 2.1, adjusted p-value=0.0036). Importantly, these findings were successfully replicated in an independent data set. Furthermore, our findings are biologically plausible, as HLA-C* 04:01 has fewer predicted bindings sites with relevant SARS-CoV-2 peptides as compared to other HLA alleles. Exome sequencing confirmed findings from HLA analysis.ConclusionsHLA-C* 04:01 carriage is associated with a twofold increased risk of intubation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Testing for HLA-C* 04:01 could have clinical implications to identify high-risk patients and individualize management.
Differential gene expression in scrub typhus compared to other acute febrile infections by bioinformatic approaches
Authors: Mandal Manisha , Mandal Shyamapada 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScrub typhus (ST), caused with the infection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, without eschar, is a febrile illness that mimics malaria (ML), dengue (DG), and other rickettsioses such as murine typhus (MT). Comparative analysis of microarray gene expression profiles of GSE16463 dataset, from O. tsutsugamushi infected monocytes, was performed to identify transcriptional signatures in ST discriminated from other acute febrile infections, accompanied by functional pathways and enrichment analysis in disease pathogenesis. A unique 31 ST-associated signature genes obtained in this study could help distinguish ST from other febrile illnesses DG, ML and MT. The functional pathways significantly enriched in ST disease group included translocation of ZAP-70 to immunological synapse, and phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains, involving PTPN22 and CD3G genes, which could further help in the understanding of molecular pathophysiology of ST and discovering novel drug targets as well as vaccine developments.
Identification of Key Genes and Signaling Pathways Associated with the Progression of Glioblastoma multiform
Authors: Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Iranna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenomic features have been gradually regarded as part of the basics to the clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for glioblastoma multform (GBM). However, the molecular modifications taking place during the advancement of GBM remain unclear. Therefore, recognition of potential important genes and pathways in the gastric cancer progression is important to clinical practices. In the present study, gene expression dataset (GSE116520) of GBM were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were further used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were conducted, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to explore the potential mechanism of GBM carcinogenesis. Significant modules were discovered using the PEWCC1 plugin for Cytoscape. In addition, a target gene - miRNA regulatory network and target gene - TF regulatory network in GBM were constructed using common deregulated miRNAs, TFs and DEGs. Finally, we carried on validation of hub genes by UALCAN, cBioporta, human protein atlas, ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis, RT-PCR and immune infiltration analysis. The results indicated that a total of 947 differential expressed genes (DEGs) (477 up regulated and 470 down regulated) was identified in microarray profiles. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs (up and down regulated) were mainly associated in reactive oxygen species degradation, ribosome, homocarnosine biosynthesis and GABAergic synapse, whereas GO enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs (up and down regulated) were mainly associated in macromolecule catabolic process, cytosolic part, synaptic signaling and synapse part as the main pathways associated in these processes. Finally, we filtered out hub genes, including MYC, ARRB1, RPL7A, SNAP25, SOD2, SVOP, ABCC3 and ABCA2, from the all networks. Validation of hub genes suggested the robustness of the above results. In conclusion, these results provided novel and reliable biomarkers for GBM, which will be useful for further clinical applications in GBM diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy.
Towards understanding interindividual differences in cortical morphological brain networks
Authors: Li Zhen , Li Junle , Wang Ningkai , Wang Jinhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividual-level morphological brain networks are becoming an important approach for studying human connectome; however, their interindividual differences are not well understood with respect to behavioral and cognitive relevance, individual identification, and genetic origin. Using three publicly available datasets that involved cross-sectional and longitudinal structural magnetic resonance scans of adults and children, we constructed four morphological brain networks for each of 1,451 images from 1,329 participants on the basis of cerebral surface-based, vertex-wise cortical thickness, fractal dimension, gyrification index and sulcal depth, respectively. The morphological index-dependent networks were further fused via multiplex network model, and fed into community detection. We found that the multiplex morphological brain networks 1) accounted for significant proportions of interindividual variance in and were predictive of multiple behavioral and cognitive domains, in particular Cognition and Motor domains (P< 0.05, corrected), 2) distinguished individuals from each other with high accuracies even for twin subjects (accuracies > 96%), and 3) exhibited low-moderate heritability with the highest for sulcal depth-based morphological brain networks. Intriguingly, compared with intra-module morphological connectivity, inter-module connections explained more behavioral and cognitive variance and were associated with higher heritability. Further comparisons revealed that multiplex morphological brain networks outperformed each type of single-layer morphological brain networks in the performance of behavioral and cognitive association and prediction, and individual identification. Finally, all the findings were generally reproducible over different datasets. Altogether, our findings indicate that interindividual differences in individual-level morphological brain networks are biologically meaningful, which underpins their usage as fingerprints for individualized studies in health and disease.
Aesthetic evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment – Perception among university students
Authors: Alves Luís , Mesaros Anca , Ponces Maria João , Pollmann Maria Cristina Figueiredo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionAesthetics is a relevant part of procedures in healthcare, often influencing treatment planning in tandem with a healthy function. Orthodontic treatment (OT) is one of many solutions and is, sometimes, wanted purely for aesthetic reasons. In 1989, Brook and Shaw proposed the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which has been largely used.This study aims to verify the main motivations of university students to look for OT and, based on the Aesthetic Component of the IOTN, weigh the aesthetics influence to seek for it. It was compared the opinion of students from various areas of study - Dentistry, Science and Nature (ScN), Arts and Humanity (AtH) - at the beginning (Initiated Students) and end (Advanced Students) of their graduation; the same question was also analysed taking into account their nationalities and training schools.Materials and MethodsIn a collaboration between the University of Porto (Portugal) and the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca (Romania), a sample of 1071 individuals was gathered. Participants responded to an online survey, based on IOTN pictures, about what would motivate them to seek OT. The ratings were analysed using the T-Test and alpha error of 5%.ResultsThe results showed that the total Dentistry students registered a higher Oral Esthetical Sensibility (OES) than the total ScN and AtH students. All groups, except Dentistry Advanced Students, registered a higher OES for Self-Perception than for Perception of Others.DiscussionAmong other factors, the pictures used from the IOTN, taken in 1989, may have influenced the participants’ responses. However, it is the most used index, and it is validated.ConclusionIn conclusion, for the studied populations, the main motivations for OT demand are primarily and respectively in this order: functional reasons, doctor’s advice, and aesthetical reasons. OES is influenced by Dentistry studies, specifically in Advanced Students. OES is not influenced by the country of the students’ origin nor the country they are graduating at.
Psychiatric morbidities and Coping strategies in patients with different Coronavirus disease-2019 severities and chronic medical diseases: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Shousha Hend Ibrahim , Madbouly Nagwan , Afify Shaimaa , Asem Noha , Maher Rabab , Moussa Suaad Sayed , Abdelazeem Amr , Youssif Eslam Mohamed , Harhira Khalid Yousef , Elmorsy Hazem , Elgarem Hassan , Omran Dalia , Hassany Mohamed , Elsayed Bassem , El kassas Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 patients, especially those with chronic medical illnesses (CMI), may use different coping strategies, to reduce their psychological distress while facing the COVID-19 infection. The aim was to compare anxiety, depression and coping styles between patients infected with COVID-19 disease with and without CMI during the peak of COVID-19 disease in Egypt. This is a cross sectional study, that included an online survey consisting of Arabic versions of General Health Questionnaire-12, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Brief-COPE scale. Questionnaires were distributed to adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection during their quarantine in Egypt. One hundred ninety-nine patients responded to the survey, where 46.73% of them had CMI. Religion, emotional support, use of informational support and acceptance were the most used coping strategies by participants. Avoidant coping strategies were frequently used by divorced patients, home quarantined individuals, patients who developed COVID-19 related anxiety/depression and patients who didn’t receive hydroxyl-chloroquine. Approach strategies were frequently used by patients with mild COVID-19. Understanding the used coping strategies has implications for how individuals might be helped to manage their illness during the current presentation and intervene with development of serious long-term mental health conditions.
Adenovirus and RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: perceptions and acceptance among healthcare workers
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Barry Mazin , Aljamaan Fadi , Alhuzaimi Abdullah , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Saddik Basema , Alrabiaah Abdulkarim , Alsohime Fahad , Alhaboob Ali , Alhasan Khalid , Alaraj Ali , Halwani Rabih , Alamro Nurah , Al-Shahrani Fatimah S , Jamal Amr , Alsubaie Sarah , Memish Ziad A , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the perception, confidence, hesitancy, and acceptance rate of various COVID-19 vaccine types among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia, a nation with MERS-CoV experience.DesignNational cross-sectional, pilot-validated questionnaire.SettingOnline, self-administered questionnaire among HCWs.ParticipantsA total of 2,007 HCWs working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participated; 75.3% completed the survey and were included in the analysis.InterventionData were collected through an online survey sent to HCWs during November 1-15, 2020. The main outcome measure was HCW acceptance of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. The associated factors of vaccination acceptance were identified through a logistic regression analysis and via measurement of the level of anxiety, using the generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD7) scale.ResultsAmong the 1512 HCWs who were included, 62.4% were women, 70.3% were between 21 and 40 years of age, and the majority (62.2%) were from tertiary hospitals. In addition, 59.5% reported knowing about at least one vaccine; 24.4% of the participants were sure about their willingness to receive the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, and 20.9% were willing to receive the RNA BNT162b2 vaccine. However, 18.3% reported that they would refuse to receive the Ad5-vectored vaccine, and 17.9% would refuse the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine. Factors that influenced the differential readiness of HCWs included their perceptions of the vaccine’s efficiency in preventing the infection (33%), their personal preferences (29%), and the vaccine’s manufacturing country (28.6%).ConclusionsAwareness by HCWs of the several COVID-19 candidate vaccines could improve their perceptions and acceptance of vaccination. Reliable sources on vaccine efficiency could improve vaccine uptake, so healthcare authorities should use reliable information to decrease vaccine hesitancy among frontline healthcare providers.