bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The Role of ATA Nodal Risk Factors in N1b Patients
Authors: Taboni Stefano , Paderno Alberto , Giordano Davide , Albano Domenico , Piana Simonetta , Zanetti Eleonora , Bertagna Francesco , Grammatica Alberto , Ghidini Angelo , Cappelli Carlo , Bozzola Anna , Baronchelli Carla , Nicolai Piero , Lombardi Davide 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisNodal involvement is frequent in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), but its prognostic relevance is not univocal. Some characteristics of nodal metastases can increase the risk of recurrence. We attempted to quantify the impact on survival of nodal factors included in the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification system in N1b patients with DTC.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients affected by DTC who underwent therapeutic lateral neck dissection (ND) was performed. The impact on the prognosis of the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs), dimension of nodal metastasis, and microscopic and macroscopic extranodal extension (miENE and maENE, respectively) was investigated.ResultsThe study included 347 N1b patients who underwent 401 therapeutic lateral NDs. Mean number of positive LNs was nine, mean nodal ratio was 0.27, and mean diameter of metastasis was 15.5 mm. ENE was detected in 25.9% of patients (22.5% miENE and 3.5% maENE). In univariate analysis, the presence of maENE had an impact on disease specific survival (DSS) (P = .023); increasing number of positive LNs affected DSS and locoregional control (LRC) (P = .009 and =.006, respectively); increasing metastatic node dimension was a risk factors for overall survival, DSS, and metastases free survival (MFS) (P = .05, =.013 and =.016). In multivariate analysis, number of positive LNs and LN dimension were independent risk factors for LRC and MFS, respectively (HR 1.1, P = .028; HR 1.1, P = .026).ConclusionsIn our analysis on a cohort of N1b patients, the number of positive LNs and LN dimension were confirmed as independent risk factors for locoregional and distant recurrence, respectively.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1029–E1034, 2021
Structural basis of strict substrate recognition of l‐lysine α‐oxidase from Trichoderma viride
Authors: Kondo Hiroki , Kitagawa Masaki , Matsumoto Yuya , Saito Masaya , Amano Marie , Sugiyama Shigeru , Tamura Takashi , Kusakabe Hitoshi , Inagaki Kenji , Imada Katsumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstractl‐Lysine oxidase (LysOX) is a FAD‐dependent homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l‐lysine to produce α‐keto‐ε‐aminocaproate with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. LysOX shows strict substrate specificity for l‐lysine, whereas most l‐amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) exhibit broad substrate specificity for l‐amino acids. Previous studies of LysOX showed that overall structural similarity to the well‐studied snake venom LAAOs. However, the molecular mechanism of strict specificity for l‐lysine was still unclear. We here determined the structure of LysOX in complex with l‐lysine at 1.7 Å resolution. The structure revealed that the hydrogen bonding network formed by D212, D315, and A440 with two water molecules is responsible for the recognition of the side chain amino group. In addition, a narrow hole formed by five hydrophobic residues in the active site contributes to strict substrate specificity. Mutation studies demonstrated that D212 and D315 are essential for l‐lysine recognition, and the D212A/D315A double mutant LysOX showed different substrate specificity from LysOX. Moreover, the structural basis of the substrate specificity change has also been revealed by the structural analysis of the mutant variant and its substrate complexes. These results clearly explain the molecular mechanism of the strict specificity of LysOX and suggest that LysOX is a potential candidate for a template to design LAAOs specific to other l‐amino acids.
Purification and identification of a new antifungal dipeptide from Bacillus velezensis AR1 culture supernatant
Authors: Bayisa Regassa A , Cho Jeong Yong , Kim Kil Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus velezensis and other Bacillus species are known for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites that are active against plant pathogenic fungi. In view of this, a study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal potential of B. velezensis AR1 culture supernatant.RESULTThe butanol extract concentrate of B. velezensis AR1 was separated into different fractions by column chromatography. A fraction eluted by 9:1 chloroform: methanol caused 25.8–70.2% and 25.2–56.3% growth inhibition of Monilinia fructicola and Colletotricum goeosporioides, respectively. This fraction was subjected to solid‐phase extraction using a Strata SI‐1 column and further purified by prep‐TLC to obtain a pure metabolite showing a single peak on high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR 1H, 13C, HH COSY, HSQC and HMBC) analysis, the metabolite was identified as 5‐N‐tyrosinylornithine. The compound exhibited antifungal activity against two plant pathogenic fungi.CONCLUSION5‐N‐tyrosinylornithine, the secondary metabolite isolated from the culture supernatant of B. velezensis AR1 exhibited significant antifungal activity against two plant pathogenic fungi.
Pt Anchored on Mn(Co)CO3/MnCo2O4 Heterostructure for Complete Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Nenghuan , Xu Zhihua , Luo Tingting , Yan Zhaoxiong , Jin Mei , Shi Ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMn(Co)CO3/MnCo2O4 hybrids were prepared via a hydrothermal following by heat‐treatment process and used as novel supports of Pt nanoparticles for formaldehyde (HCHO) removal at room temperature. The catalyst heat‐treated at 150 °C had a primary nanorod‐like morphology, however, its well‐defined structure was obviously collapsed when the heat‐treatment temperature was above 350 °C. In the static experiment where indoor HCHO removal was simulated at room temperature, the catalyst heat‐treated at 150 °C with only 0.4 wt % Pt showed the best catalytic activity among the investigated samples, which possessed a HCHO removal efficiency of 92.2 % in 60 min under the initial HCHO concentration at approximately 180 ppm. The unique nanorod feature and heterogeneous interface between MnCo2O4 and Mn(Co)CO3 (MnCO3 and CoCO3) with a proper weight ratio are the main contributions to the superior catalytic performance of the catalyst by boosting the charge transfer and active oxygen species formation in the process of HCHO catalytic oxidation reaction. Our work indicates that well‐defined morphological heterostructures which facilitate the charge migration and formation of reactive oxygen species, could be the potential alternative catalysts in the enhancement of HCHO decomposition at room temperature.
Trinion conformal blocks from topological strings
Authors: Coman Ioana , Pomoni Elli , Teschner Joerg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the relation between conformal blocks of Liouville CFT and the topological string partition functions of the rank one trinion theory T2. The partition functions exhibit jumps when passing from one chamber in the parameter space to another. Such jumps can be attributed to a change of the integration contour in the free field representation of Liouville conformal blocks. We compare the partition functions of the T2 theories representing trifundamental half hypermultiplets in N = 2, d = 4 field theories to the partition functions associated to bifundamental hypermultiplets. We find that both are related to the same Liouville conformal blocks up to inessential factors. In order to establish this picture we combine and compare results obtained using topological vertex techniques, matrix models and topological recursion. We furthermore check that the partition functions obtained by gluing two T2 vertices can be represented in terms of a four point Liouville conformal block. Our results indicate that the T2 vertex offers a useful starting point for developing an analog of the instanton calculus for SUSY gauge theories with trifundamental hypermultiplets.
Quartic Horndeski, planar black holes, holographic aspects and universal bounds
Authors: Figueroa Jose Pablo , Pallikaris Konstantinos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we consider a specific shift-invariant quartic Horndeski model, deriving new planar black hole solutions with axionic hair. We explore these solutions in terms of their horizon structure and their thermodynamic properties. We use the gauge/gravity dictionary to derive the DC transport coefficients of the holographic dual with the aim of investigating how the new deformation affects the universality of some renown bound proposals. Although most of them are found to hold true, we nevertheless find a highly interesting parametric violation of the heat conductivity-to-temperature lower bound which acquires a dependence on both the scale and the coupling. Finally, using a perturbative approach, a more brutal violation of the viscocity-to-entropy ratio is demonstrated.
4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Kaluza-Klein superspace
Authors: Becker Katrin , Butter Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Motivated by recent efforts to encode 11D supergravity in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superfields, we introduce a general covariant framework relevant for describing any higher dimensional supergravity theory in external 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superspace with n additional internal coordinates. The superspace geometry admits both external and internal diffeomorphisms and provides the superfields necessary to encode the components of the higher dimensional vielbein, except for the purely internal sector, in a universal way that depends only on the internal dimension n. In contrast, the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superfield content of the internal sector of the metric is expected to be highly case dependent and involve covariant matter superfields, with additional hidden higher dimensional Lorentz and supersymmetry transformations realized in a non-linear manner.
Early thromboelastography in acute traumatic coagulopathy: an observational study focusing on pre-hospital trauma care
Authors: Spasiano Alessandra , Barbarino Cristina , Marangone Anna , Orso Daniele , Trillò Giulio , Giacomello Roberta , Bove Tiziana , Della Rocca Giorgio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Major brain injury and uncontrolled blood loss remain the primary causes of early trauma-related mortality. One-quarter to one-third of trauma patients exhibit trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thrombelastography (TEG) are valuable alternatives to standard coagulation testing, providing a more comprehensive overview of the coagulation process.

Purpose
Evaluating thromboelastographic profile, the incidence of fibrinolysis (defined as Ly30 > 3%) in severe trauma patients, and factors influencing pathological coagulation pattern.

Methods
Prospective observational 2 years cohort study on severe trauma patients assisted by Helicopter Emergency Medical System (HEMS) and Level 1 Trauma Center, in a tertiary referral University Hospital.

Results
Eighty three patients were enrolled, mean NISS (new injury severity score) 36 (± 13). Mean R value decreased from 7.25 (± 2.6) to 6.19 (± 2.5) min (p < 0.03); 48 (60%) patients had a reduction in R from T0 to T1. In NISS 25–40 and NISS > 40 groups, changes in R value increased their significance (p = 0.04 and p < 0.03, respectively). Pathological TEG was found in 71 (88.8%) patients at T0 and 74 (92.5%) at T1. Hypercoagulation was present in 57 (71.3%) patients at T0, and in 66(82.5%) at T1. 9 (11.3%) patients had hyperfibrinolysis at T0, 7 (8.8%) patients at T1. Prevalence of StO2 < 75% at T0 was greater in patients whose TEG worsened (7 patients, 46.7%) against whose TEG remained stable or improved (8 patients, 17.4%) from T0 to T1 (p = 0.02). 48 (57.8%) patients received < 1000 mL of fluids, while 35 (42.2%) received ≥ 1000 mL. The first group had fewer patients with hypercoagulation (20, 41.6%) than the second (6, 17.6%) at T1 (p < 0.03). No differences were found for same TEG pattern at T0, nor other TEG pattern.

Conclusion
Our population is representative of a non-hemorrhagic severe injury subgroup. Almost all of our trauma population had coagulation abnormalities immediately after the trauma; pro-coagulant changes were the most represented regardless of the severity of injury. NISS appears to affect only R parameter on TEG. Hyperfibrinolysis has been found in a low percentage of patients. Hypoperfusion parameters do not help to identify patients with ongoing coagulation impairment. Small volume resuscitation and mild hypotermia does not affect coagulation, at least in the early post-traumatic phase.
Ultrasonography for the Prediction of High‐Volume Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Should Surgeons Believe Ultrasound Results?
Authors: Liu Chunhao , Zhang Lei , Liu Yuewu , Xia Yu , Cao Yue , Liu Ziwen , Chen Ge , Liu Ning , Shang Zhonghua , Yang Jinbao , Sun Qinghe , Li Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) often occurs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); the efficacy of ultrasound for predicting high‐volume lymph node metastases (LNMs) in patients with PTC remains unexplored.MethodsThe medical records of 2073 consecutive PTC patients were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound. Risk factors for LNM/high‐volume LNMs and lymph node involvement on ultrasound (usLNM) were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf all the patients, 936 (45.2%) patients had LNMs, and 254 (12.3%) patients had high‐volume LNMs. The sensitivity of ultrasound for detecting LNM/high‐volume LNMs was 27.9% and 63.8%, respectively; the specificity was 93.1% and 90.3%, respectively. The NPV for ultrasound in detecting high‐volume LNMs was 94.7%. In multivariate analysis, male sex (OR = 2.108, p < 0.001), tumor diameter > 1.0 cm (OR = 2.304, p < 0.001) and usLNM (+) (OR = 12.553, p < 0.001) were independent clinical risk factors for high‐volume LNMs. Tumor diameter > 1 cm (OR = 3.036, p < 0.001) and male sex (OR = 1.642, p < 0.001) were independent clinical risk factors for usLNM; a skilled sonographer (OR = 1.121, p = 0.358) was not significantly associated with usLNM.ConclusionsLymph node involvement found by ultrasound has great predictive value for high‐volume LNMs; the NPV is very high for patients without lymph node involvement on ultrasound. The ultrasound results do not appear to be influenced by the experience of the sonographer.
Treatment patterns and bleeding outcomes in persons with severe hemophilia A and B in a real-world setting
Authors: Ay Cihan , Perschy Leonard , Rejtö Judit , Kaider Alexandra , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current standard of care treatment for severe hemophilia A and B (SHA and SHB) is the prophylactic intravenous replacement of coagulation factor VIII or IX (FVIII/FIX) to prevent spontaneous bleeding. Persons with hemophilia without prophylactic treatment receive therapy in case of bleeding, i.e., on demand. To assess treatment patterns, utilization of products, and bleeding outcomes in a real-world cohort of persons with SHA and SHB, defined as FVIII or FIX activity < 1%, data was retrospectively collected from hemophilia-specific patient diaries used for home treatment, medical records, and entries into the Austrian Hemophilia Registry from the year 2012 to 2017. Fifty-three male persons with SHA (n= 47) and SHB (n= 6) were included; 26 with SHA and 5 with SHB were on prophylaxis, 8 and 1 switched therapy regimen, and 13 and 0 received on-demand therapy. Persons on prophylaxis used a mean factor FVIII or FIX dose of 71.7 and 40.1 IU/kg/week. Median (IQR) annualized bleeding rates (ABR) in SHA were 28.0 (23.4–31.3) in the on-demand, 4.9 (1.6–13.5) in the prophylaxis group, and 3.0 (2.0–6.8) in the prophylactic group of SHB. Three persons with SHA had zero bleeds during the observation period. On-demand therapy and hepatitis B and C were associated with higher ABR but not age, weight, and HIV positivity. Bleeding rates and the proportion of on-demand therapy in persons with hemophilia were high in our real-world cohort. Further improvement is needed, which might be facilitated with the advent of factor products with extended half-life or non-factor therapies.
Management of delayed-onset skin flap complications after pediatric cochlear implantation
Authors: Bi Qingling , Chen Zhongyan , Lv Yong , Luo Jie , Wang Naya , Li Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To review delayed-onset skin flap complications associated with pediatric cochlear implantation (CI) in our institute, analyze the etiology, and explore effective treatment strategies.

Methods
Retrospective analyses of 811 children who had undergone cochlear implantation between January 2003 and March 2019 were performed. Twelve (1.48%) patients developed skin flap complications after CI. We present a classification of flap issues and wound histopathology following cochlear implantation. The interventions for flap problems included drug treatment, aspiration, local wound care, revision surgery, and explantation depending on the clinical situation. The temporalis myofascial reconstructive option is discussed.

Results
Seven subjects were cured with conservative treatment. Five cases with flap infection or necrosis underwent revision surgery, with wound closure in three cases (60%) and revision surgery with explantation in the remaining two cases (40%). Explantation ultimately led to wound healing in all cases. They all achieved excellent performance through re-implantation.

Conclusion
Flap complications after CI are rare but treatable. Comprehensive treatments should be developed to achieve a stable and healed wound for CI.
The gait disorder in primary orthostatic tremor
Authors: Möhwald Ken , Wuehr Max , Schenkel Fabian , Feil Katharina , Strupp Michael , Schniepp Roman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To uncover possible impairments of walking and dynamic postural stability in patients with primary orthostatic tremor (OT).

Methods
Spatiotemporal gait characteristics were quantified in 18 patients with primary OT (mean age 70.5 ± 5.9 years, 10 females) and 18 age-matched healthy controls. One-third of patients reported disease-related fall events. Walking performance was assessed on a pressure-sensitive carpet under seven conditions: walking at preferred, slow, and maximal speed, with head reclination or eyes closed, and while performing a cognitive or motor dual-task paradigm.

Results
Patients exhibited a significant gait impairment characterized by a broadened base of support (p = 0.018) with increased spatiotemporal gait variability (p = 0.010). Walking speed was moderately reduced (p = 0.026) with shortened stride length (p = 0.001) and increased periods of double support (p = 0.001). Gait dysfunction became more pronounced during slow walking (p < 0.001); this was not present during fast walking. Walking with eyes closed aggravated gait disability as did walking during cognitive dual task (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
OT is associated with a specific gait disorder with a staggering wide-based walking pattern indicative of a sensory and/or a cerebellar ataxic gait. The aggravation of gait instability during visual withdrawal and the normalization of walking with faster speeds further suggest a proprioceptive or vestibulo-cerebellar deficit as the primary source of gait disturbance in OT. In addition, the gait decline during cognitive dual task may imply cognitive processing deficits. In the end, OT is presumably a complex network disorder resulting in a specific spino-cerebello-frontocortical gait disorder that goes beyond mere tremor networks.
New 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives and their antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities
Authors: Hoffelner Michael , Hassan Usama , Seebacher Werner , Dolensky Johanna , Hochegger Patrick , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Saf Robert , Weis Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were prepared from acyclic starting materials, benzylidene acetones and ammonium thiocyanates, via 5 steps, including ring closure, aromatization, S-methylation, oxidation to methylsulfonyl compounds, and formation of guanidines with suitable amines. The prepared compounds differ from each other by the substitutions of their amino group and of their phenyl ring. The 2-aminopyrimidines were tested by use of microplate assays for their in vitro activities against a causative organism of sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, as well as against a causative organism of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum NF54. Their cytotoxic properties were determined with L-6 cells (rat skeletal myoblasts). Some of the compounds exhibited quite good antitrypanosomal activity, and others showed excellent antiplasmodial activity. The influence of the structural modifications on these activities is discussed.

Graphic abstract
Wave motion compensation in dynamic positioning of small autonomous vessels
Authors: Halvorsen Håkon S. , Øveraas Henning , Landstad Olav , Smines Vidar , Fossen Thor I. , Johansen Tor A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventional dynamic positioning (DP) systems on larger ships compensate primarily for slowly time-varying environmental forces. In doing so, they use wave filtering to prevent the DP from compensating for the first-order wave motions. This reduces wear and tear of the thruster and machinery systems. In the case of smaller autonomous vessels, the oscillatory motion of the vessel in waves may be more significant, and the thrusters can be more dynamic. This motivates the use of DP to compensate for horizontal wave motions in certain operations. We study the design of DP control and filtering algorithms that employ acceleration feedback, roll damping, wave motion prediction, and optimal tuning. Six control strategies are compared in the case study, which is a small autonomous surface vessel where the critical mode of operation is launch and recovery of an ROV through the wave zone.