bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse migration under the devolved governance system in Kenya: Subsequent implications for income and occupation
Authors: Okumu Evans Taabu , Moenga Joash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reverse migration is on a steady increase under the devolved system of governance in Kenya. The situation could be attributed to an array of triggers such as; the ongoing rural development programmes, backdrop of non-availability of livelihood and job opportunities in the city. Upon return to the rural areas, it could be perceived that the returnees encounter some socio-economic shocks, which tend to impact their income and career. To ascertain the impact, we use a binomial probit model to estimate the probability of income and occupational change. We postulate that harsh encounters in the city inspire those with savings, newly acquired entrepreneurial acumen, and land to migrate out of the city and exploit rural job opportunities. Study participants were people that had moved from Nairobi to their rural counties. Using snowball sample selection, we obtained 49 adult participants mean age = 41years, SD = 15.95, female 48%, employed 68%, married 59%, and 29% educated up to university Results found that significance for career and income changes varies across participants socio-economics status or demographics. For instance, those aged 35–59 years (r2 = 0.399, ME = 0.421); land size greater than 2.5 acres (r2 = 0.507, ME = 0.473) and postgraduate degree (r2 = 0.513, ME = 0.591) had significant income increment. For 60 + years (r2=-0.369, ME=-0.312), primary-leavers (r2=-0.459, ME=-0.226) had significant decrease in income upon return. Conversely, females (r2 = 0.326, ME = 0.348), and migrants aged 60 + years (r2 = R2 = 0.797, ME = 0.651) were more prone to career change; all at .01 significance level. Attributes such as marital status, age 25-34yrs, secondary or college-level education are weak income or career change determinants. We conclude that rural land size, more than 2.5acres was a significant incentive for reverse migration, since the likelihood of shifting to agriculture and establishing a robust livelihood source and income after assigning other dummy variables, and setting the baseline at two years was evident across groups.
Evaluation of Risk Mitigation Measures for People With Substance Use Disorders to Address the Dual Public Health Crises of COVID-19 and Overdose in British Columbia: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol.
Authors: Nosyk Bohdan , Slaunwhite Amanda , Urbanoski Karen , Hongdilokkul Natt , Palis Heather , Lock Kurt , Min Jeong E , Zhao Bin , Card Kiffer G , Barker Brittany , Meilleur Louise , Burmeister Charlene , Thomson Erica , Beck-McGreevy Phoenix , Pauly Bernie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic was preceded by an ongoing overdose crisis and linked to escalating drug overdose deaths in British Columbia (BC). At the outset of these dual public health emergencies, the BC government announced interim Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) that permitted prescribing medication alternatives to substances, including opioids, alcohol, stimulants, and benzodiazepines, an intervention sometimes referred to as ‘Safe Supply’. This protocol outlines the approach for a study of the implementation of RMG and its impacts on COVID-19 infection, drug-related and systemic harms, continuity of care for people with substance use disorder, as well as their behavioural, psychosocial, and well-being outcomes.MethodsWe conduct a parallel mixed-method study that involves both analysis of population-level administrative health data and primary data collection, including a 10-week longitudinal observational study (target n=200), a cross-sectional survey (target n=200), and qualitative interviews (target n=60). We have implemented a participatory approach to this evaluation, partnering with people with lived or living experience of substance use, as well as researchers and public health decision-makers across the province. Linked population-level administrative databases will analyze data from a cohort of BC residents with an indication of substance use disorder between 1996 and 2000. We will conduct a high-dimensional propensity score matching and marginal structural modeling to construct a control group and assess the impact of RMG dispensation receipt on a collaboratively-determined set of primary and secondary outcomes.DiscussionThis study constitutes the first formal evaluation of a province-wide program providing regulated pharmaceutical alternatives to the toxic drug supply. The study features an integrated knowledge translation approach, including communications with people with lived/living experience of substance use and consortium meetings with various stakeholders. Supported by the unique research context in BC, our selected mixed method study design will provide an exceptionally strong evidence base to judge not only the impact of the initial implementation of RMG, but also critical evidence on the implementation of the program, which can be used to adapt its future iterations if deemed successful.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes the Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia via IL-1β Pathway
Authors: Zhong Chaoqin , Wang Ruiqing , Hua Mingqiang , Zhang Chen , Han Fengjiao , Xu Miao , Yang Xinyu , Li Guosheng , Hu Xiang , Sun Tao , Ji Chunyan , Ma Daoxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple solid tumors. However, the role of NLRP3 inﬂammasome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Methods: NLRP3 inflammasome expression in AML bone marrow samples was investigated via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays and further determined in a cohort of AML bone marrow via Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays were performed to confirm the roles of NLRP3 in AML proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. A mouse model with up-regulated NLRP3 expression was constructed by lentiviral transfection and a model with down-regulated expression was established by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Results: NLRP3 inflammasome is over-expressed and highly activated in AML bone marrow leukemia cells, which is correlated with poor prognosis. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in AML cells promotes leukemia cells proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and increases resistance to chemotherapy, while inactivation of NLRP3 by caspase-1 or NF-κB inhibitor shows leukemia-suppressing effects. Bayesian networks analysis and cell co-culture tests further suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome acts through IL-1β but not IL-18 in AML. Knocking down endogenous IL-1β or anti-IL-1β antibody inhibits leukemia cells whereas IL-1β cytokine enhances leukemia proliferation. In AML murine model, up-regulation of NLRP3 increases the leukemia burden in bone marrow, spleen and liver, and shortens the survival time; furthermore, knocking out NLRP3 inhibits leukemia progression. Conclusions: Collectively, all these evidences demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome promotes AML progression in an IL-1β dependent manner, and targeting NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a novel therapeutic option for AML.
Dickkopf-1 Promotes Angiogenesis by Upregulating VEGF Receptor 2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Seo Sang Hyun , Cho Kyung Joo , Park Hye Jung , Kim Hyemi , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the tumorigenic and angiogenic potential of DKK1 in HCC.Methods: Stable cell lines were established using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based DKK1 knock-out system in Hep3B cells and the tetracycline-based DKK1 inducible system in Huh7 cells. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) were cultured using Hep3B stable cells. We also employed xenografts generated using Hep3B stable cells and transgenic mouse models established using hydrodynamic tail vein injection.Results: The angiogenic potential increased in HUVECs treated with CM from Huh7 stable cells with high DKK1 expression and Hep3B wild-type cells. There was an increase in the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which are downstream proteins of VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling. MCTSs generated using Hep3B wild-type cells promoted compact spheroid formation and raised expression of CD31 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, compared to the controls (all P<0.01). Xenograft tumors generated using Hep3B cells with DKK1 knock-out (n=10) exhibited slower growth than, the controls (n=10) and the expression of Ki-67, VEGFR2, CD31 and EMT markers decreased (all P<0.05). In addition, forced DKK1 expression with HRAS in transgenic mouse livers (n=5) resulted in the formation of more tumors and increased expression of Ki-67, VEGFR2, CD31, and fibronectin, compared to the controls (n=5) (all P<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that DKK1 facilitates angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by upregulating VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling in HCC.
Reciprocal Regulation of AMPK-SIRT1&nbsp;Complex Control of Colorectal Cancer Cell Metastasis by Metformin
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Dan-yang , Qiu Zhu , Zeng Di , Wei Qiang , Li Xiao-peng , Ran Jian-hua , Chen Di-long , Li Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background： Liver and lung metastases of Colorectal cancer (CRC) make it as the world’s fourth most deadly cancer. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key cellular sensor of metabolism that regulate cellular acetylation levels through distinct mechanisms. However, the acetylation of AMPK and its contribution to regulating CRC metastasis remain poorly understood. This aim of this study was to explore the underlying relationship between AMPK acetylation and CRC metastasis. MethodsImmunoprecipitation method was used to detected the level of AMPK acetylation in clinical tumor samples and cell samples. Spleen injection model was used to detect the effect of AMPK activator Metformin on liver and lung metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to investigate the complex mechanism that reciprocal regulation of AMPK-SIRT1 Complex on CRC metastasis.ResultsIn advanced stages of CRC, we observed the increased acetylation of AMPK subunit AMPKβ2. Metformin, an AMPK activator, suppressed the metastasis of HCT-116 cells in the metastasis model. Furthermore, metformin also reduced the migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. Mechanistic investigation revealed that metformin activated AMPK and induced the deacetylation of AMPKβ2 which was relayed through SIRT1 accumulation. Phosphorylated AMPKα increased the deacetylating activity of SIRT1 by directly phosphorylating SIRT1 at Ser47, and the elevated SIRT1 deacetylated AMPKβ2 to further increase the selective activity of AMPKα on p300 in return. Subsequently, phosphorylated SIRT1 at Ser47 was relocated to the nucleus, and reduced the transcriptional activity of NF-kB/p65 on MMP-9 by deacetylating NF-kB/p65. SIRT1 knockdown or inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation impaired AMPK self-regulatory deacetylation and the anti-metastasis effect of metformin. ConclusionsOverall, our findings provide new insights into the self-regulatory deacetylation of AMPK in inhibiting CRC metastasis and suggest that metformin has potential therapeutic application against CRC metastasis.
Genetic association between two Estrogen Receptor 2 (ER2) Gene Polymorphism (rs4986938 and rs1256049) and SYNTAX Score in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Report from Southern Iran
Authors: Foroughinia Farzaneh , Dehghani Pooyan , Dianatpour Mehdi , Amiri Arghavan , Jamhiri Iman , Ghasemiyeh Parisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

One of the most common causes of death in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Estrogen, the most important early sex hormones in women, plays an important role in the risk reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Expression of estrogen as well as its receptorsˈ including estrogen receptor alpha (ER1) and estrogen receptor beta (ER2) might have an association with the severity or complexity of CAD. Since most articles have focused on the relationship between ER1 gene polymorphism and CAD, in this study we aimed to evaluate the association of two ER2 gene polymorphisms, AluI and RsaI, with severity of CAD.
Methods

148 patients with confirmed CAD who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before coronary angiography and ER2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. The STNTAX Score (SS), grading system for CAD complexity, was evaluated by an interventional cardiologist who was blinded to other data.
Results

110 men and 38 women were participated in this study. Our results revealed a statistically significant relationship between SS and RsaI polymorphism of ER2 (p = 0.01). In contrast, there was no association between AluI genotypes and SS.
Conclusions

Besides to estrogen level, the genetic variation of its receptors might play an important role in the severity or complexity of CAD. According to our results, RsaI polymorphism of ER2 gene may assert a pivotal role in the severity of CAD; however this assumption needs to be proved in studies with a larger population.
Observations of On-Demand Quantum Correlation Using Poisson-Distributed Photon Pairs
Authors: Kim Sangbae , Ham Byoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Complementarity or wave-particle duality has been the basis of quantum mechanics over the last century. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments in 1956, the particle nature of single photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation. Regarding the fundamental question on quantumness or nonclassicality, however, no clear answer exists for what quantum entanglement should be and how to generate it. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the secrete of quantumness using the wave nature of single photons.
On-demand quantum correlation control using coherent photons
Authors: Ham Byoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the last several decades, quantum entanglement has been intensively studied for potential applications in quantum information science. Although intensive studies have progressed for nonlocal correlation, fundamental understanding of entanglement itself is still limited. Here, the quantum feature of anticorrelation, the so-called HOM dip, based on probabilistic entangled photon pairs is analyzed for its fundamental physics and compared with a new method of on-demand entangled photon pair generations using coherent light. The fundamental physics why there is no correlation in HOM dip measurements is answered, and new coherence quantum physics is proposed for macroscopic quantum entanglement generations.
Anti-invasion and anti-proliferation effects of 3-acetyl-5,8-dichloro-2-((2,4-di-chlorophenyl)amino)quinolin-4(1H)-one (ADQ) via regulation of Akt and Twist1 in liver cancer cells
Authors: Ha Jain , Lee Sewoong , Park Jiyoung , Seo Jihye , Kang Eunjeong , Yoon Haelim , Kim Ba Reum , Lee Hyeon Kyu , Ryu Seong Eon , Cho Sayeon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When primary cancer faces limited oxygen and nutrient supply, it undergoes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which increases cancer cell motility and invasiveness. The migratory and invasive cancer cells often exert aggressive cancer development or even cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated a novel compound, 3-acetyl-5,8-dichloro-2-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino)quinolin-4(1H)-one (ADQ), that showed significant suppression of wound healing and cellular invasion. This compound also inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth, multicellular tumor spheroid survival/invasion, and metalloprotease activities. The anti-proliferative effects of ADQ were mediated by inhibition of the Akt pathway. In addition, ADQ reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers of cancer cells, which was associated with the suppressed expression of Twist1. In conclusion, ADQ successfully suppressed carcinogenic activity by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway and Twist1, which suggests that ADQ may be an efficient candidate for cancer drug development.
The Relation of Kinematic Synergy to Stabilize the Center of Mass During Walking With Future Falls: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yamagata Momoko , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Shimizu Itsuroh , Saeki Junya , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: An incorrect transfer of center of mass (CoM) to outside the base of support is a frequent cause of falls, and segmental coordination to control CoM is crucial during walking. Uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis is a method of examining the relation between variances in segmental coordination and the CoM stability. However, no study has investigated through a prospective cohort study how variance in segmental configurations to stabilize CoM relates to future falls. This study explored whether variances to stabilize the CoM were related to future falls.Methods: At the baseline visit, 30 community-dwelling older adults walked 20 times on a 6-m walkway. Using kinematic data during walking, UCM analysis was performed to investigate how segmental configuration contributes to the CoM stability in the frontal plane. One year after the baseline visit, we evaluated whether the subjects experienced falls; 12 had experienced falls and 16 had not. Comparisons of variances between older adults with and without falls were conducted by covariate analysis.Results: No significant differences in variances were found in the mediolateral direction, whereas in the vertical direction, older adults with fall experiences had a greater variance, reflecting unstable CoM, than those with no fall experiences.Conclusions: We verified that the high variance in segmental configurations that destabilize CoM in the vertical direction was related to future falls. The variables of UCM analysis can be useful to evaluate fall risks.
Research on the impact of payoff reflection mechanism on cooperation evolution
Authors: Wang Bin , Huang Bo , Sheng Jinfang , Dong Qiangqiang , Kang Wenjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Taking into account the results of historical behavior in real life on the choice of strategy, we proposes a payoff reflection mechanism. In the process of cooperation evolution, the game individuals will judge whether to learn each other's strategies based on the historical payoff of himself and his neighbors, that is, the strategy learning is affected by the historical payoff. If the current strategy can bring greater payoff in historical behavior, the game players will change the current strategy with less possibility. For this reason, the historical payoff reference coefficients w and u of the game individuals and their neighbors are proposed to measure the degree of reference of game individuals to their own and neighbors' historical payoff. The memory interval length is expressed by M. The experimental results show that the payoff reflection mechanism can greatly improve the cooperation level of the group. However, the reference rate of historical payoff is not the bigger the better. The strength of memory ability and the level of betrayal temptation will affect the optimal value of w and u.
Framework Design and Material Processing of Gymnastics Teaching Network Courseware
Authors: Chen Bingxin , Kuang Lifei , He Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of the economy, science and technology have achieved unprecedented development along with the improvement of the economy. The first thing to bear is the continuous popularization and application of the Internet, which drives the development of Internet technology. Many online learning platforms currently used by universities only focus on the teacher system and teaching system. Compared with other subjects, there are fewer learning materials on the Internet for gymnastics teaching, and the lack of systematic teaching is the primary problem that most schools need to overcome. The current method of online learning has changed the relatively scarce phenomenon of resources in face-to-face teaching in the past, and has excellent improvements in the organization and improvement of resources. By constructing the framework of a professional teaching resource library, collecting and properly sorting out learning materials, and at the same time designing and producing network multimedia courseware to facilitate the learning of scholars. Network teaching technology is realized by the combination of Internet and multimedia equipment. This technology can not only give play to the advantages of computers in network data transmission, but also embody a new teaching model with teachers and students as the main body. Therefore, adjusting teaching methods, building a better learning space, and using CAI courseware learning resources connected by campus network is an important way for students to make compensatory learning, and it is also the main direction for scientific and technological progress in gymnastics teaching. The experimental results prove that the online multimedia learning platform can provide students with more gymnastics learning resources, increase students' interest and time in learning; it can effectively improve the teaching quality of teachers, and use the convenient interactivity of the network to realize a resource library The rapid update of the content enables the teaching content to keep up with the needs and pace of the development of the times.