bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of moisture content in peanut kernels using hyperspectral imaging technology coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Sun Jianfei , Shi Xiaojie , Zhang Hui , Xia Lianming , Guo Yemin , Sun Xia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHyperspectral imaging technology at 416–1000 nm was investigated to detect moisture content in peanut kernels. Four varieties of peanuts were scanned using a “push‐broom” system to acquire hyperspectral images. In this study, three models including partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and support vector machine regression (SVR) were established to detect moisture content in peanut kernels based on full wavelengths. The performance of SVR was the best with determination coefficient (R2) of .9432, root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.7054%, and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 3.9694 for prediction set. In order to simplify modeling process and improve calculation speed of the models, successive projections algorithm (SPA) and regression coefficient were applied for optimal wavelengths selection. Then, PCR, PLSR, and SVR models were established based on these selected wavelengths, respectively. As a result, SPA–SVR generated a satisfied effect with R2 of .9363, RMSE of 0.7021%, and RPD of 3.988 for prediction set. All results in this study indicated that the combination of chemometrics and hyperspectral imaging technology could achieve rapid and nondestructive detection of moisture content in peanut kernels.Practical applicationsThe quality of peanut has a direct relationship with the moisture content in peanut. If moisture content in peanut is over standard, the peanut storage time will be shorter and also easy to be bad. It is harmful to eat this kind of peanut. Traditional methods for detection of peanut moisture content are tedious, time‐consuming, and even greatly influenced by subjective factors. As an emerging technique, hyperspectral imaging technology can detect moisture content in peanut kernels rapidly, accurately, and nondestructive. In this study, we generated a best prediction model, successive projections algorithm–support vector machine regression, which was established based on several characteristic wavelengths. All these results provided a theoretical basis for the detection of portable moisture content in peanut kernels.
Racial Differences in Elevated C‐Reactive Protein Among US Older Adults
Authors: Farmer Heather R. , Wray Linda A. , Xian Ying , Xu Hanzhang , Pagidipati Neha , Peterson Eric D. , Dupre Matthew E. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESTo investigate racial differences in elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the potential factors contributing to these differences in US older men and women.DESIGNNationally representative cohort study.SETTINGHealth and Retirement Study, 2006 to 2014.PARTICIPANTSNoninstitutionalized non‐Hispanic black and white older adults living in the United States (n = 13 517).MEASUREMENTSCRP was categorized as elevated (>3.0 mg/L) and nonelevated (≤3.0 mg/L) as the primary outcome. Measures for demographic background, socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, health behaviors, and physiological health were examined as potential factors contributing to race differences in elevated CRP.RESULTSMedian CRP levels (interquartile range) were 1.67 (3.03) mg/L in whites and 2.62 (4.95) mg/L in blacks. Results from random effects logistic regression models showed that blacks had significantly greater odds of elevated CRP than whites (odds ratio = 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.20‐3.02). Results also showed that racial difference in elevated CRP varied significantly by sex (predicted probability [PP] [white men] = 0.28 [95% CI = 0.27‐0.30]; PP [black men] = 0.38 [95% CI = 0.35‐0.41]; PP [white women] = 0.35 [95% CI = 0.34‐0.36]; PP [black women] = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.47‐0.52]) and remained significant after risk adjustment. In men, the racial differences in elevated CRP were attributable to a combination of socioeconomic (12.3%) and behavioral (16.5%) factors. In women, the racial differences in elevated CRP were primarily attributable to physiological factors (40.0%).CONCLUSIONIn the US older adult population, blacks were significantly more likely to have elevated CRP than whites; and the factors contributing to these differences varied in men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:362–369, 2020
Immunoexpression of alpha smooth muscle actin correlates with serum transforming growth factor‐β1 levels in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Juneja Saurabh , Tandon Ankita , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan , Sethi Aashka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to correlate the immunoexpression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) for myofibroblasts with the serum levels of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).MethodsA total of 100 cases of histopathologically confirmed OSMF were assessed for α‐SMA expression. Clinical data, such as age, sex, mouth opening, and habit history, were obtained for each case. Serum TGF‐β1 levels were recorded in 73 patients with the help of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique.ResultsThe staining index of α‐SMA increased concomitantly with higher myofibroblast count in the increasing histopathological grades of OSMF (P ≤ .05). Serum TGF‐β1 levels were highest in the intermediate grades of OSMF. Clinical parameters, such as mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion, showed a direct correlation with increasing clinical grades of OSMF.ConclusionsThe progressive increase in myofibroblasts from early to advanced stages suggests their potential use as markers for evaluating the severity of OSMF. Additionally, as myofibroblasts are responsible for producing a variety of factors that are involved in the fibrotic processes; they could be the key link in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Interruption of their development, recruitment, or activation could provide a unique therapeutic target for future treatment options in patients with OSMF.
Postdoctoral Nurses’ Experiences With Leadership and Career Development: A Qualitative Study
Authors: de Lange Wendela , Kars Marijke C. , Poslawsky Irina E. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of Dutch postdoctoral nurses working in research with leadership and career development.Methods and DesignA generic explorative qualitative design with semistructured in‐depth interviews was used. A criterion sample of 13 postdoctoral nurses working in research in the Netherlands was included. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThree themes were identified: (a) developing leadership and identity as a PhD nurse, (b) becoming a valuable member in the scientific world of academe, and (c) continuous search for progression while balancing worlds and tasks. Postdoctoral nurses experienced their leadership and professional development as a serious and conscious process. Their vision of nursing, health care, and research was an important motive regarding future career choices. Although the scientific world of academe was perceived as honorable, the nurses experienced it as a complex work environment. All the postdoctoral nurses had to deal with the demands and pressures of the scientific world. Coping with the tension between enjoying work and handling high workloads and academic achievements was described as challenging. Searching for balance was important, especially because of the different part‐time employment or working activities with various commitments.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that postdoctoral nurses do show considerable progression in their leadership and career development; however, they experience the scientific working environment as challenging. The findings of this study indicate the need for more academic positions, the strengthening of the infrastructure for nursing research, and the development of supportive leadership and mentoring programs for postdoctoral nurses to provide optimal evidence‐based and high‐quality care for patients.Clinical RelevancePostdoctoral nurses need to develop strong leadership competencies to strengthen research, education, and evidence‐based practice in clinical care to improve patient and healthcare outcomes.
Challenges of living with and managing inflammatory bowel disease: A meta‐synthesis of patients’ experiences
Authors: Byron Clodagh , Cornally Nicola , Burton Aileen , Savage Eileen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine qualitative studies which reported on patients’ challenges of living with and managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).BackgroundThere is a growing body of qualitative research focusing on the subjective experiences of patients with IBD. This research points to the daily challenges that patients experience which can relate to their physical and psychological health, as well as their social well‐being, and may impact negatively on their lives. To date, there has been little attempt to synthesise these studies, and little is known about how patients manage the challenges they experience.DesignA meta‐synthesis was conducted, based on guidelines developed by Sandelowski and Barroso (Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research, Springer, New York, NY, 2007) and PRISMA (Int J Surg, 8, 2009, 336).MethodsSearches were conducted within the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection and SocINDEX databases to locate qualitative and mixed methodology studies. The retrieved articles were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for qualitative research (Int J Evid Based Healthc, 13, 2015, 179).ResultsThematic analysis resulted in three themes: the unpredictability of living with IBD, the emotional turmoil of living with IBD and striving to maintain a normal life in managing IBD.ConclusionThe greatest challenges for patients identified in this meta‐synthesis were the physical symptoms associated with IBD. These impacted negatively on their psychological and social well‐being and reduced their quality of life. There is a notable gap in research on patient experiences of managing the challenges identified in everyday life and to what extent they receive support from healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this meta‐synthesis offer insights into how the physical challenges of living with IBD, particularly in relation to symptoms, impact adversely on patients’ psychological and social well‐being. These insights are clinically relevant to healthcare professionals as a basis for supporting patients to manage their challenges.
The Impact of Salience on Investor Behavior: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: FRYDMAN CARY , WANG BAOLIAN 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe test whether the display of information causally affects investor behavior in a high‐stakes trading environment. Using investor‐level brokerage data from China and a natural experiment, we estimate the impact of a shock that increased the salience of a stock's purchase price but did not change the investor's information set. We employ a difference‐in‐differences approach and find that the salience shock causally increased the disposition effect by 17%. We use microdata to document substantial heterogeneity across investors in the treatment effect. A previously documented trading pattern, the “rank effect,” explains heterogeneity in the change in the disposition effect.
On Comparing Asset Pricing Models
Authors: CHIB SIDDHARTHA , ZENG XIAMING , ZHAO LINGXIAO 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTRevisiting the framework of (Barillas, Francisco, and Jay Shanken, 2018, Comparing asset pricing models, The Journal of Finance 73, 715–754). BS henceforth, we show that the Bayesian marginal likelihood‐based model comparison method in that paper is unsound : the priors on the nuisance parameters across models must satisfy a change of variable property for densities that is violated by the Jeffreys priors used in the BS method. Extensive simulation exercises confirm that the BS method performs unsatisfactorily. We derive a new class of improper priors on the nuisance parameters, starting from a single improper prior, which leads to valid marginal likelihoods and model comparisons. The performance of our marginal likelihoods is significantly better, allowing for reliable Bayesian work on which factors are risk factors in asset pricing models.
Informed Trading and Intertemporal Substitution
Authors: XIAO YIZHOU 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTI examine the possibility of information‐based trading in a multiperiod consumption setting. I develop a necessary and sufficient condition for trade to occur. Intertemporal substitution introduces a desire to correlate current consumption with future aggregate shocks. When agents have heterogeneous time‐inseparable preferences, information differentially affects relative preferences for current and future consumption, making information‐based trading mutually acceptable. The no‐trade result continues to hold if there is no aggregate shock, or if agents have either homogeneous or time‐separable preferences.
Periodontal disease is associated with carotid plaque area: the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS)
Authors: Jönsson D. , Orho‐Melander M. , Demmer R. T. , Engström G. , Melander O. , Klinge B. , Nilsson P. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but it is unknown if periodontal disease severity is associated with asymptomatic carotid plaque. The aim of the current population‐based, observational study was to investigate if signs of periodontal disease are associated with the occurrence of carotid plaque and total plaque area (TPA).MethodsThe Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) is a population‐based study. MOS participants underwent a thorough cardiovascular phenotyping, including carotid ultrasonography. The Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) invited participants of MOS for dental examination, including periodontal charting. Multivariable regression models were used to analyse the presence of carotid plaque and TPA in relation to periodontal parameters.ResultsIn all, 831 MODS participants were recruited, out of which 495 belonged to the children generation with mean age of 53 years, 63% had carotid plaque and 38% had moderate or severe periodontal disease. In models adjusted for CVD risk factors, the OR for having carotid plaque in subjects with vs without periodontal disease was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.11–2.78). In a linear model with TPA as dependent and number of periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm as independent variable, the adjusted beta‐coefficient was 0.34 mm2 (95% CI 0.16–0.52).ConclusionIndividuals within the highest quartile of periodontal pockets are expected to have 9 mm2 larger TPA compared to those without pockets. Our results suggest that intervention studies addressing periodontal disease could be useful for prevention of CVD.
Profiling of immune‐related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Narverud I. , Christensen J. J. , Bakke S. S. , Ulven S. M. , Rundblad A. , Aukrust P. , Espevik T. , Bogsrud M. P. , Retterstøl K. , Ueland T. , Halvorsen B. , Holven K. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInnate and adaptive immune responses are pivotal in atherosclerosis, but their association with early‐stage atherosclerosis in humans is incompletely understood. In this regard, untreated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia may serve as a human model to investigate the effect of elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the immunological and inflammatory pathways involved in early atherosclerosis by examining mRNA molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with FH.MethodsWe analysed the level of 587 immune‐related mRNA molecules using state‐of‐the‐art Nanostring technology in PBMCs from children with (n = 30) and without (n = 21) FH, and from FH children before and after statin therapy (n = 10).Results176 genes (30%) were differentially expressed between the FH and healthy children at P < 0.05. Compared to healthy children, the dysregulated pathways in FH children included the following: T cells (18/19); B cells (5/6); tumour necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) (6/8); cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (5/7); interleukins (5/9); toll‐like receptors (2/5); apoptosis (3/7) and antigen presentation (1/7), where the ratio denotes higher expressed genes to total number of genes. Statin therapy reversed expression of thirteen of these mRNAs in FH children.ConclusionFH children display higher PBMC expression of immune‐related genes mapped to several pathways, including T and B cells, and TNFSF than healthy children. Our results suggest that LDL‐C plays an important role in modulating expression of different immune‐related genes, and novel data on the involvement of these pathways in the early atherosclerosis may represent future therapeutic targets for prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
Potential of bioinsecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum to suppress gray mold in tomato based on induced systemic resistance
Authors: Yoshida Shigenobu , Koitabashi Motoo , Yaginuma Dai , Anzai Masato , Fukuda Minoru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe potential of the active ingredient of a commercial bioinsecticide, XenTari® (Bacillus thuringiensis [BT] serovar aizawai strain ABTS‐1857), to suppress gray mold in tomato plants was elucidated. First, a suspension of the active ingredient of XenTari® and a liquid culture of the bacterial strain as BT inocula were sprayed onto detached leaves or drenched into pots of tomato seedlings, and then, propagules of the gray mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea, were inoculated onto the leaves. The gray mold disease was significantly suppressed when rhizospheres were drenched with either inoculum, but not when inocula were sprayed onto detached leaves of seedlings. Both BT inocula were verified not to directly inhibit the mycelial growth of B. cinerea based on in vitro culture plate assays. Additionally, real‐time RT‐PCR analysis verified that the active ingredient increased the expression levels of defence‐related genes, such as PR‐1(P6) and P4, in the leaves of tomato seedlings. These results suggest that the active ingredient has the potential to suppress gray mold disease in tomato, not through direct antagonistic interactions with B. cinerea, but rather through systemic activation of the plant defence system by increased expression of several defence‐related genes.
Morphological assessment of the sensilla of the antennal flagellum in different castes of the stingless bee Tetragonisca fiebrigi
Authors: Month-Juris E. , Ravaiano S. Veiga , Lopes D. M. , Fernandes Salomão T. M. , Martins G. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe antennae of the insects have cuticular structures called sensilla that play a pivotal role in the perception of stimuli and in communication. The morphology of antennal sensilla has been characterized in eusocial bees; however, there is little information on bees of the genus Tetragonisca. Using scanning electron microscopy, 11 types of antennal sensilla were identified in Tetragonisca fiebrigi: trichodea (ST, subtypes I‐VI), placodea, basiconica, coeloconica, ampullacea, and campaniformia. The largest diversity of sensilla was observed in females. The STI was the most abundant, followed by the placodea and the STII. The STI and the sensila placodea were more abundant in males than females, while the STII were more abundant in workers. Significant differences were found in the length of the different types of sensilla among the classes of individuals, with these differences being greater for the STI in males and the STV in queen; for the STII, STIII, and STIV in queen and workers; and for sensila placodea in queens, workers, and soldiers. Multivariate analysis (PCA and UPGMA) showed that the soldier subcaste was separated from the other females. This study advanced our understanding of sensilla morphology, including the number and distribution of sensilla across sexes and castes, and the sensory structures of T. fiebrigi. The results presented provide relevant information for elucidating the communication mechanisms of social insects.
Hamartomas and midline anomalies in association with infantile hemangiomas, PHACE, and LUMBAR syndromes
Authors: Stefanko Nicole S. , Davies Olivia M.T. , Beato Maria Jose , Blei Francine , Drolet Beth A. , Fairley Janet , Frieden Ilona J. , Galligan Eloise R. , Goddard Deborah , Howard Renee , Husain Sameera , Lauren Christine T. , Lopez‐Gutierrez Juan Carlos , MacArthur Carol , Metry Denise W. , Morel Kimberly D. , Niedt George W. , Garzon Maria C. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Siegel Dawn H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of infantile hemangiomas (IH), PHACE, and LUMBAR syndromes remains unknown. We aim to describe histopathologic features of midline anomalies associated with IH, including patients with PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes.MethodsA multicenter retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with IH, PHACE, and LUMBAR syndrome with histopathologic specimens from sternal or midline anomalies. A total of 18 midline lesions from 13 patients were included. Out of 18, 14 midline lesions underwent both histopathologic and clinical review. Three hamartoma‐like chin plaques and one supraumbilical raphe underwent only clinical review.ResultsAll 13 patients had midline lesions and IH. Histopathologic diagnoses were as follows: rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (3), folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (1), fibroepithelial polyp (1), verrucous epidermal hyperplasia with vascular proliferation and fibroplasia (1), congenital midline cervical cleft (1), pericardium with fibrosis (1), fibrous components with increased collagen (1), atrophic skin/membrane (3), angiolipomatous mass with neural components (1), and lipomatous mass (1). Due to the retrospective nature of this study, it was not possible to obtain pathology slides for all midline lesions that had previously been biopsied or resected. We show clinically and histopathologically a new association between PHACE syndrome and rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH), in addition to demonstrating the association between PHACE syndrome and chin hamartomas. We also display histopathologic findings seen in midline lesions resected from LUMBAR patients.ConclusionRhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma is thought to be related to aberrations of mesenchymal cells during development; therefore, this may provide clues to the pathogenesis of IH and related syndromes.
Acquired port‐wine stains in six pediatric patients
Authors: Stephens Michael R. , Putterman Elana , Yan Albert C. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Perman Marissa J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/objectivesPort‐wine stains, also known as capillary malformations, are due to dermal vascular ectasia and dilation and are most commonly congenital; however, acquired port‐wine stains (APWS) developing later in life have been noted in the literature, most commonly in the context of trauma.Methods/resultsThis case series presents 6 pediatric patients with APWS who first developed lesions between ages 3 and 11 years in the absence of a traumatic or other etiologic trigger.ConclusionsThe epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment response of these patients are compared to what has been previously described in other cases in the literature.