bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tertiary‐Amine‐Initiated Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides from Carboxylic Acids and CF3SO2OCF3
Authors: Song Hai‐Xia , Tian Ze‐Yu , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Zhang Cheng‐Pan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA convenient method for deoxyfluorination of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with CF3SO2OCF3 in the presence of a suitable base at room temperature has been developed. The reaction allows a straightforward access to a variety of acyl fluorides and proves that CF3SO2OCF3 is an effective deoxyfluorination reagent for carboxylic acids. The method features simplicity, expeditiousness, high efficiency, ease of handling, good functional group tolerance, a wide range of substrates, excellent yields of products, compatibility of many amine initiators, use of environmentally friendly reagents, and effortless removal of byproducts. This reaction represents the first utilization of trifluoromethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a fluorination reagent.
Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines: Insulin Mimetics that Exhibit Potent and Selective Inhibition against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: García‐Marín Javier , Griera Mercedes , Sánchez‐Alonso Patricia , Di Geronimo Bruno , Mendicuti Francisco , Rodríguez‐Puyol Manuel , Alajarín Ramón , de Pascual‐Teresa Beatriz , Vaquero Juan J. , Rodríguez‐Puyol Diego 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPTP1B dephosphorylates insulin receptor and substrates to modulate glucose metabolism. This enzyme is a validated therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, but no current drug candidates have completed clinical trials. Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines substituted at positions C1–C4 and/or C7–C8 were found to be nontoxic to cells and good inhibitors in the low‐ to sub‐micromolar range, with the 4‐benzyl derivative being the most potent inhibitor (0.24 μm). Some analogues bearing chlorine atoms at C7 and/or C8 kept potency and showed good selectivity compared to TCPTP (selectivity index >40). The most potent inhibitors behaved as insulin mimetics by increasing glucose uptake. The 4‐benzyl derivative inhibited insulin receptor substrate 1 and AKT phosphorylation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations supported a putative binding mode for these compounds to the allosteric α3/α6/α7 pocket, but inconsistent results in enzyme inhibition kinetics were obtained due to the high tendency of these inhibitors to form stable aggregates. Computational calculations supported the druggability of inhibitors.
Higher serum PD‐L1 level predicts increased overall survival with lapatinib versus trastuzumab in the CCTG MA.31 phase 3 trial
Authors: Moku Prashanth , Shepherd Lois , Ali Suhail M. , Leitzel Kim , Parulekar Wendy R. , Zhu Liting , Virk Shakeel , Nomikos Dora , Aparicio Samuel , Gelmon Karen , Drabick Joe , Cream Leah , Halstead E. Scott , Umstead Todd M. , Mckeone Dan , Polimera Hyma , Maddukuri Ashok , Ali Aamnah , Nagabhairu Vinod , Poulose Joyson , Pancholy Neha , Spiegel Howard , Chen Bingshu E. , Lipton Allan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this retrospective biomarker study of the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) MA.31 randomized phase 3 trial (lapatinib vs trastuzumab) of HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive biomarker utility of pretreatment serum programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) levels.MethodsCCTG MA.31 accrued 652 HER2‐positive patients; 387 had serum available (185 in the trastuzumab arm and 202 in the lapatinib arm). The Ella immunoassay platform (ProteinSimple, San Jose, California) was used to quantitate serum PD‐L1 levels. Stepwise forward Cox multivariable analyses were performed for progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS).ResultsIn the whole trial population, continuous pretreatment serum PD‐L1 levels were not associated with OS. However, within the trastuzumab arm, a higher continuous pretreatment serum PD‐L1 level was significant for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.85; P = .04), but within the lapatinib arm, pretreatment serum PD‐L1 was not associated with OS (P = .37). In the whole trial, in a multivariable analysis for OS, serum PD‐L1 (median cut point) remained a significant independent covariate (HR, 2.38; P = .001). There was a significant interaction between treatment arm and continuous serum PD‐L1 (bootstrap method; P = .0025): at or above 214.2 pg/mL (the 89th percentile), serum PD‐L1 was associated with significantly shorter OS with trastuzumab treatment versus lapatinib treatment.ConclusionsIn the CCTG MA.31 trial, serum PD‐L1 was a significant predictive factor: a higher pretreatment serum PD‐L1 level was associated with shorter OS with trastuzumab treatment but with longer OS with lapatinib treatment. Immune evasion may decrease the effectiveness of trastuzumab therapy. Further evaluation of elevated serum PD‐L1 in advanced breast cancer is warranted to identify patients with HER2‐positive MBC who may benefit from novel immune‐targeted therapies in addition to trastuzumab.
Impact of adjuvant trastuzumab on locoregional failure rates in a randomized clinical trial: North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 (alliance) study
Authors: Vargas Carlos E. , Thorpe Cameron S. , Dueck Amylou C. , Tenner Kathleen S. , Davidson Nancy E. , Martino Silvana , Pisansky Thomas M. , Hwang E. Shelley , Halyard Michele Y. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to assess the impact of trastuzumab on locoregional failure.METHODSThe analysis included 2763 patients with HER2‐positive (HER2+) breast cancer who were randomly assigned to adjuvant doxorubicin (A), cyclophosphamide (C), paclitaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H) (arm A, AC→T [n = 922]; arm B, AC→T→H [n = 988]; arm C, AC→T+H→H [n = 853]). Radiotherapy was given after AC→T concurrently with H. Radiotherapy was given after lumpectomy (L) or after mastectomy (M) with ≥4 positive lymph nodes but was optional for 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes. Locoregional failures at 10 years (LFR10) as first events were compared using competing risk analysis.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 13.0 years. The first site of failure was local‐only in 96 cases, locoregional in 16 cases, regional in 32 cases, and not specified in 2 cases; LFR10 was 4.8% (95% CI 4.1%‐5.7%). LFR10 was 5.5% (95% CI 4.3%‐7.2%), 4.9% (95% CI 3.7%‐6.4%), and 2.8% (95% CI 1.9%‐4.1%) in arms A, B, and C (B vs A: hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, P = .62; C vs A: HR 0.72, P = .12). For estrogen receptor–positive patients, LFR10 was 3.7% (95% CI 2.8%‐4.8%) and for estrogen receptor–negative patients, it was 6.1% (95% CI 5.0%‐7.4%; HR 0.61, P = .004). Local treatment included L+RT (n = 1044 [38%]), M+RT (n = 1025 [37%]), and M (n = 694 [25%]). LFR10 was 6.% (95% CI 5.0%‐7.8%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1%‐4.3%), and 5.5% (95% CI 4.0%‐7.4%) for L+RT, M+RT, and M, respectively (M+RT vs L+RT: HR 0.43, P < .001; M vs L+RT: HR 0.88, P = .57). For 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes, LFR10 was 6.5% (95% CI 4.8%‐8.9%), 4.1% (95% CI 2.4%‐7.0%), and 4.3% (95% CI 2.9%‐6.5%) in L+RT, M+RT, and M, respectively (M vs L+RT: HR 0.68, P = .14; M vs M+RT: HR 1.2, P = .6).ConclusionLow 10‐year LFRs were seen regardless of trastuzumab use. Differences in local therapy in patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes did not appear to improve local control. Local therapy studies for HER2+ and other tumor characteristics are important as the role of local therapies continues to evolve.
Protocol fuzzing to find security vulnerabilities of RabbitMQ
Authors: Kwon Soonhong , Son Sang‐Jin , Choi Yangseo , Lee Jong‐Hyouk 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA message broker is widely used to enable applications, systems, and services to communicate with each other. One of the widely used message brokers is RabbitMQ that provides various functions and stability. However, as presented in this paper, RabbitMQ is vulnerable. In this paper, we present how RabbitMQ is exploited by protocol fuzzing, which is a common way to find unknown vulnerabilities inherent in software. We describe our protocol fuzzing procedures in detail and present conducted results.
City object detection from airborne Lidar data with OpenStreetMap‐tagged superpixels
Authors: Mao Bo , Li Bingchan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryLidar‐based city objects detection is an interesting topic along with the development of Laser scan equipment which has been widely applied in various applications such as 3D building reconstruction, navigation, and so on. In this article, we describe a city object detection algorithm for airborne Lidar images using superpixel segmentation and DenseNet classification. Compared with the existing studies, this article has two innovations. First, a DenseNet‐based city object classification model is trained by data sets automatically labeled from the OpenStreetMap. Second, the graph analysis is applied to further improve the classification of the superpixels. The results from an experiment in the London area indicate that the DenseNet‐based classification model trained by OpenStreetMap data can achieve 86% classification accuracy for building objects. With the proposed graph analysis, the detection accuracy of building objects increased to 98.5% in the test areas. Also, we testified that by dividing the city area into different types such as commercial, residential, and rural, the detection accuracy can be further improved. Based on the extensive examinations, it is suggested that the proposed superpixel classification method can be used to detect city objects from large‐scale low‐resolution Lidar image data (50 cm).
Merging Gradient‐Based Methods to Improve Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy: A New Tool for Flow Reaction Optimization
Authors: Kunjir Shrikant , Rodriguez‐Zubiri Mireia , Coeffard Vincent , Felpin François‐Xavier , Giraudeau Patrick , Farjon Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmerging low cost, compact NMR spectrometers that can be connected in‐line to a flow reactor are suited to study reaction mixtures. The main limitation of such spectrometers arises from their lower magnetic field inducing a reduced sensitivity and a weaker spectral resolution. For enhancing the spectral resolution, the merging of Pure‐Shift methods recognized for line narrowing with solvent elimination schemes was implemented in the context of mixtures containing protonated solvents. One more step was achieved to further enhance the resolution power on compact systems, thanks to multiple elimination schemes prior to Pure‐Shift pulse sequence elements. For the first time, we were able to remove up to 6 protonated solvent signals simultaneously by dividing their intensity by 500 to 1700 with a concomitant spectral resolution enhancement for signals of interest from 9 to 12 as compared to the standard 1D 1H. Then, the potential of this new approach was shown on the flow synthesis of a complex benzoxanthenone structure.
Harnessing wild relatives of pearl millet for germplasm enhancement: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Sharma Rajan , Govindaraj Mahalingam , Mahala Rajendra Singh , Satyavathi C. Tara , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Gumma Murali Krishna , Kilian Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the world's hardiest warm‐season cereal crop and is cultivated mainly in the semi‐arid tropics of Asia and Africa for food, feed, fodder, and brewing. It is mainly cultivated for its gluten‐free grains with high content and better quality of nutrients. Pearl millet is a resilient crop that can produce grain and biomass under harsh conditions like low fertility, erratic rainfall, acidic and saline soils, and the hottest climates. However, biotic stresses such as downy mildew and blast diseases and abiotic stresses, especially drought and seedling‐ and flowering‐stage heat stress, pose constant threat to the realization of yield potential of this crop. To make further improvement in threshold level of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, breeders are looking for novel genes in diverse germplasm sources. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) could be a source of novel genes that are important for diversification of the genetic base of pearl millet. A stage‐gate process is proposed for the efficient management of prebreeding programs using CWRs as a source of germplasm diversity and improvement. This article explains the various strategies for capturing and using alleles for climate resilience traits improvement. This article covers breeders’ perspectives on importance of using CWRs as germplasm source for crop improvement. This article also describes the availability of CWRs, characterization of new traits and the strategies to be applied for the identification and introduction of genes of interest in elite breeding lines and commercial varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.
Recent Advances on Metalloporphyrin‐Based Materials for Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zou Lei , Sa Rongjian , Lv Haowei , Zhong Hong , Wang Ruihu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction is a promising technology to mitigate environmental issue and the energy crisis. The four nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin ring can incorporate transition metals to form stable active sites for CO2 activation and photoreduction. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic efficiency of metalloporphyrins is still low due to the insufficient photoelectron injection to drive CO2 photoreduction upon visible light irradiation. To address this issue, considerable efforts have been made to introduce photosensitizers for constructing homogeneous or heterogeneous metalloporphyrin‐based photocatalytic systems. In this Review, recent advances of metalloporphyrin‐based materials for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction were summarized. The methods for the modulation of photosensitizing process at molecular level were presented for the promotion of photocatalytic performance. The mechanism of CO2 activation and photocatalytic conversion was illustrated. Better insight into the structure‐activity relationship provides guidance to the design of metalloporphyrin‐related photocatalytic systems.
Grafting Nature‐Inspired and Bio‐Based Phenolic Esters onto Cellulose Nanocrystals Gives Biomaterials with Photostable Anti‐UV Properties
Authors: Joram Mendoza David , Mouterde Louis M. M. , Browne Christine , Singh Raghuwanshi Vikram , Simon George P. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNew nature‐inspired and plant‐derived p‐hydroxycinnamate esters and p‐hydroxycinnamate diesters provide excellent protection against UV radiation when incorporated into a matrix. Herein, an efficient and sustainable pathway is reported to graft these phenolic compounds onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via click‐type copper‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The successful grafting of the phenolic esters on CNC surface was evidenced by a range of chemical analyses, and the degrees of substitution (DS) of the CNC were found to depend on the structure of the phenolic ester grafted. Moreover, aqueous suspensions of the phenolic ester‐grafted CNCs not only strongly absorb in both the UVA and UVB regions, but they also exhibit average to very high photostability. Their wide spectrum UV‐absorbing properties and their stability upon exposure to UV are highly influenced by the structure of the phenolic ester, particularly by the extra ester group in p‐hydroxycinnamate diesters. These findings demonstrate that cellulose nanocrystals decorated with such plant‐derived and nature‐inspired phenolic esters are promising sustainable nanomaterials for anti‐UV applications.
Increased epigenetic diversity and transient epigenetic memory in response to salinity stress in Thlaspi arvense
Authors: Geng Yupeng , Chang Na , Zhao Yuewan , Qin Xiaoying , Lu Shugang , Crabbe M. James C. , Guan Yabin , Zhang Ticao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpigenetic diversity could play an important role in adaptive evolution of organisms, especially for plant species occurring in new and stressful environments. Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), a valuable oilseed crop, is widespread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity stress on the epigenetic variation of DNA methylation and epigenetic stress memory in pennycress using methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) markers. We examined how the status of DNA methylation changes across individuals in response to salinity stress and whether such an effect of maternal stress could be transferred to offspring for one or two generations in nonstressed environments. Our results based on 306 epiloci indicated no consistent change of DNA methylation status in specific epiloci across individuals within the same conditions. In contrast, we found that the epigenetic diversity at population level increased significantly in response to the stimulation of salinity stress; and this “stimulation effect” could be transferred partially in the form of stress memory to at least two generations of offspring in nonstressed environments. In addition, we observed a parallel change in functionally important traits, that is, phenotypic variation was significantly higher in plants grown under salinity stress compared with those of control groups. Taken together, our results provide novel clues for the increased spontaneous epimutation rate in response to stress in plants, of potential adaptive significance.
Pain, sensitization and physical performances in patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis or chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty: An explorative study
Authors: Bie Larsen Jesper , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Simonsen Ole , Madeleine Pascal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess clinical pain, pain sensitization and physical performances to profile patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) or pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Examining the interactions between pain mechanisms and physical performances would enable us to investigate the underlying explanatory relationships between these parameters.MethodsIn this explorative study, 70 patients with chronic painful knee OA (N = 46) or chronic pain after TKA (N = 24) were assessed for clinical pain, quantitative sensory profiling (mechanical pinprick pain sensitivity, temporal summation (TS) and conditioned pain modulation), physical performances (chair stand, walk and stair climb tests) and self‐reported outcomes. Between‐group comparisons were made using ANCOVA tests and associations between outcomes were analysed using multivariate linear regression models.ResultsOverall, no differences between groups regarding clinical pain and quantitative sensory profiling outcomes were observed. Physical performances were lower in the TKA group compared with the OA group with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes, and a tendency towards better scores in self‐reported outcomes for the OA group was observed with small‐to‐moderate effect sizes. Self‐reported function seems to be associated with physical performances in the TKA group. Sensitization (TS) appears to be associated with poorer physical performances in the OA group.ConclusionsSimilar profiles for pain intensity, signs of sensitization and conditioned pain modulation were observed. Patients with TKA seems to have impaired physical performances compared with the OA group, underlining the importance of targeting physical performances. Only the OA patients showed an association between sensitization (TS) and physical performance.SignificanceQuantitative pain profiling assessment was used to assess pain intensities and pain mechanisms. We observed associations between physical performances and temporal summation in the OA group underlining the importance of assessing motor functions and pain mechanisms in the same trial. We observed lower levels of physical performances in the TKA group compared with the OA group, suggesting that examination and rehabilitation of physical performances is essential for TKA patients with chronic pain.
Green preparation of hydrogel particles‐in‐emulsions for simultaneous enhancement of humoral and cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Zou Yongjuan , Li Shuai , Ngai To , Zhang Songping , Ma Guanghui , Wu Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmulsions are one of the most often used vaccine adjuvant formulations. Although they promote high humoral immunity, the induced cellular immunity is often poor, which restrict their application. To enhance the cellular immunity, some researchers have prepared mixed formulations by adding particles into the aqueous phase of emulsions. However, the particle preparation process usually involves the addition and removal of organic reagents, which is environmentally unfriendly and cumbersome. Moreover, the obtained vaccine adjuvant only induces limited cell‐mediated immunity and humoral immunity compared with emulsion‐adjuvanted vaccines. Herein, we developed a green and simple method for fabricating a novel nanoparticles‐in‐emulsions (NPE) formulation. Firstly, a temperature‐sensitive hydrogel was used to prepare particles by self‐solidification without additional crosslinking reagents. Secondly, the white oil was used as organic phase to avoid the particle washing procedures and organic solvent residues. Moreover, the effect of NPE as vaccine adjuvant was evaluated by using two veterinary vaccines as model antigens. NPE showed advantages than the conventional vaccine formulations in inducing both humoral and cellular immunity. This work provides a facile and broadly applicable approach for preparing nanoparticles‐in‐emulsions formulation, and presents an effective adjuvant for enhancing immunity against infectious diseases.
Leveraging recommendation systems for improving caching emerging short video in content delivery network
Authors: Li Shuangyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShort video applications have rapidly become one of the most popular online entertainments. It is also one of the most important ways of social networking. However, the request pattern of short videos shows the characteristics of highly dynamic compared to traditional video. First, the access of short video is changing quickly, that is, user shows less preferences. Second, most short videos have no tag descriptions. These result in a significant reduction in caching efficiency of content delivery network (CDN) server, which is used to cache short videos. To address these challenges, this article proposes a recommendation system to optimize short video caching. For lack of tag description, this article proposes event detection method to recognize tags based on improved dense trajectory and concept dictionary video feature extraction. Then the collaborative filtering method is used to generate caching recommendation list for CDN to guide short video caching. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of short video caching for CDN.
The End(s) of marriage: Feminists, antifeminists, and Indian law
Authors: Basu Srimati 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFeminist anthropology sought to transform the sex‐gender systems that enabled marriage. This essay considers the complications of that promise in the context of my recent research with antifeminist marriage resisters called Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOWs). Despite a history of marriage resistance in the Indian women's movement, contemporary women's organizations rely on civil and criminal law relating to marriage to secure resources for their clients and thus cannot afford to transform its heteronormative patriarchal logic. MGTOWs challenge gender roles and paid labor within marriage and seek alternatives to conjugality, but do so on terms that highlight their pain and disavow their privileges.