bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of Nurture and Play: a mentalisation-based parenting group intervention for prenatally depressed mothers
Authors: Salo S.J. , Flykt M. , Mäkelä J. , Biringen Z. , Kalland M. , Pajulo M. , Punamäki R.L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim:This randomised control trial (RCT) study examined the effectiveness of a mentalisation-based perinatal group intervention, Nurture and Play (NaP), in improving mother–infant interaction quality and maternal reflective functioning and in decreasing depressive symptoms.Background:Few preventive prenatal interventions have been developed for primary health care settings for mothers with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, previous prenatal intervention studies have only concentrated on reducing depressive symptoms and have not directly addressed enhancing optimal parenting qualities.Methods:The participants were 45 pregnant women with depressive symptoms. Women in the randomly assigned intervention group (n= 24) participated in the manualised, short-term NaP intervention group from pregnancy until the baby’s age of seven months, whereas control group women received treatment as usual (TAU). Maternal emotional availability (EA), reflective functioning (RF) and depressive symptoms were measured before the intervention and at the infants’ 12 months of age, and changes were evaluated using repeated measure analyses of variances (ANOVAs).Findings:The results showed that the intervention group displayed higher maternal sensitivity and RF and more reduction in depressive symptoms than the control group when babies were 12 months old. These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the NaP intervention.
An Alternative Form of Women's Political Representation:Netto, a Proactive Women's Party in Japan
Authors: Shin Ki-Young 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines a Japanese local party,Netto, as a new type of women's party. TheNettois defined as a “proactive women's party” to illustrate how it is different not only from conventional political parties but also from parties organized to promote feminist platforms. The JapaneseNettois a women-dominated party in which women constitute the majority of members and candidates, as well as party leadership. The party platform prioritizes practical women's interests such as safe food and child-rearing over women's labor or feminist issues. The gendered characteristics ofNettoappeal to middle-class housewives and mothers, facilitating the electoral success of the party in urban areas. The party's notable features, such as rotation of deputies, term limits, donation of deputy salary, and volunteerism, distinguishNettofrom conventional political parties. As such, the party provides an alternative model of political representation. TheNettoparty illustrates that not all women's parties use a feminist platform, but they still play an important role in changing male-dominated electoral politics.
All Sins are not Created Equal: The Factors that Drive Perceptions of Corruption Severity
Authors: Martin Lucy E. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite corruption’s effects on citizen welfare, there is substantial variation in when citizens are willing to sanction government wrongdoing. This paper uses a conjoint survey experiment, conducted in Uganda, to test how information about the position a corrupt official holds, and the details of an act of embezzlement affect citizens’ perceptions of corruption severity and willingness to punish. I find that the revenue source of stolen funds and the sector to which the funds had been allocated have the largest impact on perceived severity, followed by whether stolen funds are spent privately or recirculated through patronage or clientelism. The position the corrupt official holds has a smaller impact on severity, including whether the official was elected and whether he was a central or local official.
Sinking of Gelatinous Zooplankton Biomass Increases Deep Carbon Transfer Efficiency Globally
Authors: Lebrato Mario , Pahlow Markus , Frost Jessica R. , Küter Marie , de Jesus Mendes Pedro , Molinero Juan‐Carlos , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Urochordata, namely, Thaliacea) are ubiquitous members of plankton communities linking primary production to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean by serving as food and transferring “jelly‐carbon” (jelly‐C) upon bloom collapse. Global biomass within the upper 200 m reaches 0.038 Pg C, which, with a 2–12 months life span, serves as the lower limit for annual jelly‐C production. Using over 90,000 data points from 1934 to 2011 from the Jellyfish Database Initiative as an indication of global biomass (JeDI: http://jedi.nceas.ucsb.edu, http://www.bco‐dmo.org/dataset/526852), upper ocean jelly‐C biomass and production estimates, organism vertical migration, jelly‐C sinking rates, and water column temperature profiles from GLODAPv2, we quantitatively estimate jelly‐C transfer efficiency based on Longhurst Provinces. From the upper 200 m production estimate of 0.038 Pg C year−1, 59–72% reaches 500 m, 46–54% reaches 1,000 m, 43–48% reaches 2,000 m, 32–40% reaches 3,000 m, and 25–33% reaches 4,500 m. This translates into ~0.03, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 Pg C year−1, transferred down to 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,500 m, respectively. Jelly‐C fluxes and transfer efficiencies can occasionally exceed phytodetrital‐based sediment trap estimates in localized open ocean and continental shelves areas under large gelatinous blooms or jelly‐C mass deposition events, but this remains ephemeral and transient in nature. This transfer of fast and permanently exported carbon reaching the ocean interior via jelly‐C constitutes an important component of the global biological soft‐tissue pump, and should be addressed in ocean biogeochemical models, in particular, at the local and regional scale.
Future Projection of Extreme Heavy Snowfall Events With a 5‐km Large Ensemble Regional Climate Simulation
Authors: Sasai T. , Kawase H. , Kanno Y. , Yamaguchi J. , Sugimoto S. , Yamazaki T. , Sasaki H. , Fujita M. , Iwasaki T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have recently experienced several heavy snowfall events, but still do not sufficiently understand how global warming will impact changes in local extreme snowfall events. The analysis relevant to the extreme events requires ensemble experiments with high‐resolution regional climate modeling. In this study, we use a large number of ensemble warming projections downscaled dynamically to 5‐km grids to examine the differences in distribution and mechanism in extreme snowfall events over Japan between present and future climates. Japan has two typical snowfall patterns, the winter monsoon and the south coast cyclone patterns. The domain‐averaged amount of extreme snowfall in the south coast cyclone pattern regions appear to decrease with the rise in temperatures. Meanwhile, the winter monsoon pattern regions showed little change as the increases in extreme snowfall in the mountainous areas are canceled out by the decrease in the coastal areas. Based on the existing mechanism of normal snowfall, the increase in mountain snow is caused by a temporary intensification of cold air outbreaks. The amount of the cold air blowing from Japan Sea clearly increases only during the days preceding the extreme snowfall event, and as the cold dry air obtains more latent heat over the ocean, the precipitable water vapor increases. The winter monsoon then transports this air over land where the intensification of precipitation results from orographic updraft. This sequence of processes beginning with cold air outbreaks may have a stronger control over extreme snowfall phenomena on the warmer field.
Meteorological Imagery for the Geostationary Lightning Mapper
Authors: Bruning Eric C. , Tillier Clemens E. , Edgington Samantha F. , Rudlosky Scott D. , Zajic Joe , Gravelle Chad , Foster Matt , Calhoun Kristin M. , Campbell P. Adrian , Stano Geoffrey T. , Schultz Christopher J. , Meyer Tiffany C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐R series of weather satellites provides point geolocations of lightning flashes that are further comprised of a hierarchy of geolocated groups and events. This study describes an open‐source method for reconstruction of imagery from those point detections that retains the quantitative physical measurements made by GLM, restores the spatial footprint of the events, and connects that spatial footprint to the groups and flashes. Meteorological signals are demonstrated to be more apparent in the gridded imagery than in the point detections, leading to their adoption by the United States National Weather Service as the first GLM product available in their real‐time displays. Analysis of a mesoscale convective system over Argentina confirms that there is a class of propagating lightning observed by GLM (distinct from that in storm cores) that can be visualized and quantified using our imagery‐based approach.
Hydrogenation of the Martian Core by Hydrated Mantle Minerals With Implications for the Early Dynamo
Authors: O'Rourke J. G. , Shim S. ‐H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMars lacks an internally generated magnetic field today. Crustal remanent magnetism and meteorites indicate that a dynamo existed after accretion but died roughly four billion years ago. Standard models rely on core/mantle heat flow dropping below the adiabatic limit for thermal convection in the core. However, rapid core cooling after the Noachian is favored instead to produce long‐lived mantle plumes and magmatism at volcanic provinces such as Tharsis and Elysium. Hydrogenation of the core could resolve this apparent contradiction by impeding the dynamo while core/mantle heat flow is superadiabatic. Here we present parameterized models for the rate at which mantle convection delivers hydrogen into the core. Our models suggest that most of the water that the mantle initially contained was effectively lost to the core. We predict that the mantle became increasingly ironrich over time and a stratified layer awaits detection in the uppermost core—analogous to the E′ layer atop Earth's core but likely thicker than alternative sources of stratification in the Martian core such as iron snow. Entraining buoyant, hydrogen‐rich fluid downward in the core subtracts gravitational energy from the total dissipation budget for the dynamo. The calculated fluxes of hydrogen are high enough to potentially reduce the lifetime of the dynamo by several hundred million years or longer relative to conventional model predictions. Future work should address the complicated interactions between the stratified, hydrogen‐rich layer and convection in the underlying core.
Water Vapor Vertical Profiles on Mars in Dust Storms Observed by TGO/NOMAD
Authors: Aoki S. , Vandaele A. C. , Daerden F. , Villanueva G. L. , Liuzzi G. , Thomas I. R. , Erwin J. T. , Trompet L. , Robert S. , Neary L. , Viscardy S. , Clancy R. T. , Smith M. D. , Lopez‐Valverde M. A. , Hill B. , Ristic B. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J. ,   the NOMAD team
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt has been suggested that dust storms efficiently transport water vapor from the near‐surface to the middle atmosphere on Mars. Knowledge of the water vapor vertical profile during dust storms is important to understand water escape. During Martian Year 34, two dust storms occurred on Mars: a global dust storm (June to mid‐September 2018) and a regional storm (January 2019). Here we present water vapor vertical profiles in the periods of the two dust storms (Ls = 162–260° and Ls = 298–345°) from the solar occultation measurements by Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). We show a significant increase of water vapor abundance in the middle atmosphere (40–100 km) during the global dust storm. The water enhancement rapidly occurs following the onset of the storm (Ls~190°) and has a peak at the most active period (Ls~200°). Water vapor reaches very high altitudes (up to 100 km) with a volume mixing ratio of ~50 ppm. The water vapor abundance in the middle atmosphere shows high values consistently at 60°S‐60°N at the growth phase of the dust storm (Ls = 195°–220°), and peaks at latitudes greater than 60°S at the decay phase (Ls = 220°–260°). This is explained by the seasonal change of meridional circulation: from equinoctial Hadley circulation (two cells) to the solstitial one (a single pole‐to‐pole cell). We also find a conspicuous increase of water vapor density in the middle atmosphere at the period of the regional dust storm (Ls = 322–327°), in particular at latitudes greater than 60°S.
Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study
Authors: Parkes Alison , Green Michael , Pearce Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate how mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens are associated with different trajectories of child overweight and obesity, using a population sample.

Methods
Growth mixture modelling used data from children in the Growing Up in Scotland Study born in 2004/5 (boys n = 2085, girls n = 1991) to identify trajectories of overweight or obesity across four time points, from 46 to 122 months. Using data from children present at all sweeps, and combining sexes (n = 2810), mutually adjusted associations between primary exposures (mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens) and trajectory class were explored in multinomial models; controlling for early life factors, household organisation and routines, and children’s diet patterns, overall screen use, physical activity and sleep.

Results
Five trajectories were identified in both sexes: Low Risk (68% of sample), Decreasing Overweight (9%), Increasing Overweight (12%), High/Stable Overweight (6%) and High/Increasing Obesity (5%). Compared with the Low Risk trajectory, High/Increasing Obesity and High/Stable Overweight trajectories were characterised by early increases in bedroom screen access (respective relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.55 [1.30–5.00]; 1.62 [1.01–2.57]). An informal meal setting (involving mealtime screen use, not eating in a dining area and not sitting at a table) characterised the High/Increasing Obesity and Increasing Overweight trajectories (respective RRRs compared with Low Risk trajectory: 3.67 [1.99–6.77]; 1.75 [1.17–2.62]). Positive mealtime interaction was associated with membership of the Increasing Overweight trajectory (RRR 1.64 [1.13–2.36]).

Conclusion
Bedroom screen access and informal mealtime environments were associated with higher-risk overweight and obesity trajectories in a representative sample of Scottish children, after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. Findings may challenge the notion that positive mealtime interaction is protective. Promoting mealtimes in a screen-free dining area and removing screens from bedrooms may help combat childhood obesity.
Colloidal quantum dot molecules manifesting quantum coupling at room temperature
Authors: Cui Jiabin , Panfil Yossef E. , Koley Somnath , Shamalia Doaa , Waiskopf Nir , Remennik Sergei , Popov Inna , Oded Meirav , Banin Uri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoupling of atoms is the basis of chemistry, yielding the beauty and richness of molecules. We utilize semiconductor nanocrystals as artificial atoms to form nanocrystal molecules that are structurally and electronically coupled. CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals are linked to form dimers which are then fused via constrained oriented attachment. The possible nanocrystal facets in which such fusion takes place are analyzed with atomic resolution revealing the distribution of possible crystal fusion scenarios. Coherent coupling and wave-function hybridization are manifested by a redshift of the band gap, in agreement with quantum mechanical simulations. Single nanoparticle spectroscopy unravels the attributes of coupled nanocrystal dimers related to the unique combination of quantum mechanical tunneling and energy transfer mechanisms. This sets the stage for nanocrystal chemistry to yield a diverse selection of coupled nanocrystal molecules constructed from controlled core/shell nanocrystal building blocks. These are of direct relevance for numerous applications in displays, sensing, biological tagging and emerging quantum technologies.
Sexual dimorphism and the role of estrogen in the immune microenvironment of liver metastases
Authors: Milette Simon , Hashimoto Masakazu , Perrino Stephanie , Qi Shu , Chen Michely , Ham Boram , Wang Ni , Istomine Roman , Lowy Andrew M. , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Brodt Pnina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiver metastases (LM) remain a major cause of cancer-associated death and a clinical challenge. Here we explore a sexual dimorphism observed in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of LM, wherein the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells in colon and lung carcinoma LM is TNFR2-dependent in female, but not in male mice. In ovariectomized mice, a marked reduction is observed in colorectal, lung and pancreatic carcinoma LM that is reversible by estradiol reconstitution. This is associated with reduced liver MDSC accumulation, increased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and granzyme B production in CD8+ T cells and reduced TNFR2, IDO2, TDO and Serpin B9 expression levels. Treatment with tamoxifen increases liver cytotoxic T cell accumulation and reduces colon cancer LM. The results identify estrogen as a regulator of a pro-metastatic immune microenvironment in the liver and a potential target in the management of liver metastatic disease.
A transposable element insertion is associated with an alternative life history strategy
Authors: Woronik Alyssa , Tunström Kalle , Perry Michael W. , Neethiraj Ramprasad , Stefanescu Constanti , Celorio-Mancera Maria de la Paz , Brattström Oskar , Hill Jason , Lehmann Philipp , Käkelä Reijo , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTradeoffs affect resource allocation during development and result in fitness consequences that drive the evolution of life history strategies. Yet despite their importance, we know little about the mechanisms underlying life history tradeoffs. Many species of Colias butterflies exhibit an alternative life history strategy (ALHS) where females divert resources from wing pigment synthesis to reproductive and somatic development. Due to this reallocation, a wing color polymorphism is associated with the ALHS: either yellow/orange or white. Here we map the locus associated with this ALHS in Colias crocea to a transposable element insertion located downstream of the Colias homolog of BarH-1, a homeobox transcription factor. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, antibody staining, and electron microscopy we find white-specific expression of BarH-1 suppresses the formation of pigment granules in wing scales and gives rise to white wing color. Lipid and transcriptome analyses reveal physiological differences associated with the ALHS. Together, these findings characterize a mechanism for a female-limited ALHS.
SAM-VI riboswitch structure and signature for ligand discrimination
Authors: Sun Aiai , Gasser Catherina , Li Fudong , Chen Hao , Mair Stefan , Krasheninina Olga , Micura Ronald , Ren Aiming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRiboswitches are metabolite-sensing, conserved domains located in non-coding regions of mRNA that are central to regulation of gene expression. Here we report the first three-dimensional structure of the recently discovered S-adenosyl-L-methionine responsive SAM-VI riboswitch. SAM-VI adopts a unique fold and ligand pocket that are distinct from all other known SAM riboswitch classes. The ligand binds to the junctional region with its adenine tightly intercalated and Hoogsteen base-paired. Furthermore, we reveal the ligand discrimination mode of SAM-VI by additional X-ray structures of this riboswitch bound to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and a synthetic ligand mimic, in combination with isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy to explore binding thermodynamics and kinetics. The structure is further evaluated by analysis of ligand binding to SAM-VI mutants. It thus provides a thorough basis for developing synthetic SAM cofactors for applications in chemical and synthetic RNA biology.
Elimination of fukutin reveals cellular and molecular pathomechanisms in muscular dystrophy-associated heart failure
Authors: Ujihara Yoshihiro , Kanagawa Motoi , Mohri Satoshi , Takatsu Satomi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Toda Tatsushi , Naruse Keiji , Katanosaka Yuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeart failure is the major cause of death for muscular dystrophy patients, however, the molecular pathomechanism remains unknown. Here, we show the detailed molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the fukutin gene (Fktn), the causative gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Although cardiac Fktn elimination markedly reduced α-dystroglycan glycosylation and dystrophin-glycoprotein complex proteins in sarcolemma at all developmental stages, cardiac dysfunction was observed only in later adulthood, suggesting that membrane fragility is not the sole etiology of cardiac dysfunction. During young adulthood, Fktn-deficient mice were vulnerable to pathological hypertrophic stress with downregulation of Akt and the MEF2-histone deacetylase axis. Acute Fktn elimination caused severe cardiac dysfunction and accelerated mortality with myocyte contractile dysfunction and disordered Golgi-microtubule networks, which were ameliorated with colchicine treatment. These data reveal fukutin is crucial for maintaining myocyte physiology to prevent heart failure, and thus, the results may lead to strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Impacts of Zika emergence in Latin America on endemic dengue transmission
Authors: Borchering Rebecca K. , Huang Angkana T. , Mier-y-Teran-Romero Luis , Rojas Diana P. , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Katzelnick Leah C. , Martinez Silvio D. , King Gregory D. , Cinkovich Stephanie C. , Lessler Justin , Cummings Derek A. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2015 and 2016, Zika virus (ZIKV) swept through dengue virus (DENV) endemic areas of Latin America. These viruses are of the same family, share a vector and may interact competitively or synergistically through human immune responses. We examine dengue incidence from Brazil and Colombia before, during, and after the Zika epidemic. We find evidence that dengue incidence was atypically low in 2017 in both countries. We investigate whether subnational Zika incidence is associated with changes in dengue incidence and find mixed results. Using simulations with multiple assumptions of interactions between DENV and ZIKV, we find cross-protection suppresses incidence of dengue following Zika outbreaks and low periods of dengue incidence are followed by resurgence. Our simulations suggest correlations in DENV and ZIKV reproduction numbers could complicate associations between ZIKV incidence and post-ZIKV DENV incidence and that periods of low dengue incidence are followed by large increases in dengue incidence.