bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Enhanced Lymph Node Trafficking of Engineered Interleukin‐10 in Murine Models
Authors: Yuba Eiji , Budina Erica , Katsumata Kiyomitsu , Ishihara Ako , Mansurov Aslan , Alpar Aaron T. , Watkins Elyse A. , Hosseinchi Peyman , Reda Joseph W. , Lauterbach Abigail L. , Nguyen Mindy , Solanki Ani , Kageyama Takahiro , Swartz Melody A. , Ishihara Jun , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a major autoimmune disease that causes synovitis and joint damage. Although clinical trials have been performed using interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an antiinflammatory cytokine, as a potential treatment of RA, the therapeutic effects of IL‐10 have been limited, potentially due to insufficient residence in lymphoid organs, where antigen recognition primarily occurs. This study was undertaken to engineer an IL‐10–serum albumin (SA) fusion protein and evaluate its effects in 2 murine models of RA.MethodsSA‐fused IL‐10 (SA–IL‐10) was recombinantly expressed. Mice with collagen antibody–induced arthritis (n = 4–7 per group) or collagen‐induced arthritis (n = 9–15 per group) were injected intravenously with wild‐type IL‐10 or SA–IL‐10, and the retention of SA–IL‐10 in the lymph nodes (LNs), immune cell composition in the paws, and therapeutic effect of SA–IL‐10 on mice with arthritis were assessed.ResultsSA fusion to IL‐10 led to enhanced accumulation in the mouse LNs compared with unmodified IL‐10. Intravenous SA–IL‐10 treatment restored immune cell composition in the paws to a normal status, elevated the frequency of suppressive alternatively activated macrophages, reduced IL‐17A levels in the paw‐draining LN, and protected joint morphology. Intravenous SA–IL‐10 treatment showed similar efficacy as treatment with an anti–tumor necrosis factor antibody. SA–IL‐10 was equally effective when administered intravenously, locally, or subcutaneously, which is a benefit for clinical translation of this molecule.ConclusionSA fusion to IL‐10 is a simple but effective engineering strategy for RA therapy and has potential for clinical translation.
Ecologically evaluated and FDA‐validated HPTLC method for assay of pregabalin and tramadol in human biological fluids
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A. , Ali Nesma A. , Elroby Fadwa A. , El Ghobashy Mohamed R. , Abdallah Fatma F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe introduced research presents a novelin vivoquantitative method for assay of mixtures of pregabalin and tramadol as a common combinations approved for treatment of neuropathic pain. Green analytical chemistry is a recently emerging science concerned with control of the use of chemicals harmful to the environment in various analytical methods. Consequently, a green high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was achieved for determination of the mixture in human plasma and urine satisfying both analytical and environmental standards. The separation was achieved on HPTLC sheets using a separating mixture of ethanol–ethyl acetate–acetone–ammonia solution (8:2:1:0.05, by volume) as a mobile phase. The sheets were dried in air then scanned at two wavelengths. For tramadol, 220 nm was chosen; however, pregabalin is an unconjugated drug, so its determination was a challenge. Hence for pregabalin, the plates were sprayed with ethanolic solution of ninhydrin (3%, w/v), to obtain a conjugated complex, which could be assessed at 550 nm. Furthermore, the developed method fulfilled the US Food and Drug Administration validation guidelines, and proved to be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring of this combination. The Eco‐scale assessment protocol was implemented to determine the greenness profile of the applied method.
Analysis of chemical variations between raw and wine‐processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q‐Exactive Orbitrap/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis approach
Authors: Zhang Danjie , Sun Linlin , Mao Beibei , Zhao Dongsheng , Cui Yueli , Sun Le , Zhang Yanxue , Zhao Xin , Zhao Pan , Zhang Xuelan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLigustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) is the dried and mature fruit of Ligubtrum lucidum Ait., which has the effect of nourishing the liver and kidney, brightening the eyes and promoting the growth of black hair. Wine‐processed LLF is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine; however, the processing mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, a system data acquisition and mining strategy was designed to investigate the chemical profile differences between the raw and wine‐processed LLF, based on high‐performance liquid chromatography–Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis and partial least square analysis. Afterwars, a total of 55 components were found to be the main contributors to the significant difference between raw and wine‐processed LLF by comparison with chromatographic behaviors, intact precursor ions, and characteristic MS fragmentation patterns. In addition, 10 main constituents of raw and wine‐processed LLF were simultaneously determined by UHPLC–MS/MS for analyzing the content variations. Some structural transformation mechanisms during wine processing were deduced from the results. The results may provide a scientific foundation for deeply elucidating the wine‐processing mechanism of LLF.
Differentiation of Pt−Fe and Pt−Ni3 Surface Catalytic Mechanisms towards Contrasting Products in Chemoselective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Ning Liangmin , Zhang Mingtao , Liao Shengyun , Zhang Yuting , Jia Dandan , Yan Yunfang , Gu Wen , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNoble‐metal catalysts serve as an irreplaceable role in pharmaceutical, perfume and fine chemicals fields. However, there still remains a grand challenge in controlling chemoselectivity. Herein, we have synthesized a bimetallic nanostructure supported on porous metal‐organic frameworks (Pt−Fe/UiO‐66, Pt‐Ni3/UiO‐66), in which Pt nanoparticles was modified with non‐noble metal (Fe or Ni) directly. The as‐synthesized catalysts can function as a switch for selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to afford the potential products on‐demand. In comparison with the conventional Pt‐based catalysts, Pt−Fe/UiO‐66 and Pt‐Ni3/UiO‐66 catalysts exhibit excellently catalytic activity, enhanced selectivity and improved stability for selectivity hydrogenation. The partial charge reconfiguration and electronic coupling effect existing in such distinctive bicomponent nanocatalysts was confirmed by some comprehensive characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The developed method for precisely modification the composition and interaction between the noble metal and non‐noble metal provides a feasible avenue to design the advanced catalysts.
Atrazine biodegradation in soil by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Herrera‐Gallardo Brenda E. , Guzmán‐Gil Raymundo , Colín‐Luna José A. , García‐Martínez Julio C. , León‐Santiesteban Héctor H. , González‐Brambila Oscar M. , González‐Brambila Margarita M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtrazine is a commonly used herbicide in the Mexican agricultural industry even though it is hazardous for human and animal health. Before reaching its mineralization, this herbicide infiltrates through soil, producing toxic compounds and contaminating groundwater sources. Considering that Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is a filamentous fungus that degrades pectin, cellulose, and other organic polymers, this study analyzes its use to accelerate atrazine mineralization under optimal parameters of temperature, soil humidity, and a co‐substrate for bio‐stimulation. Different atrazine concentrations were used, from 0 ppm to 1000 ppm, in order to measure the growth of its filaments. Glucose and Opuntia ficus indica residues were analyzed as co‐substrates for A. niger biodegradation improvement. A DOE analysis was used to establish optimal treatment conditions. The findings in this study show that a 10 wt% of O. ficus indica as a co‐substrate with 80% humidity achieved atrazine biodegradation in the order of 70% to 75% in 6 days.
Discovery of Natural Co‐occurring Enantiomers of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Yu Yang , Bao Mei‐Fen , Cai Xiang‐Hai 
Published: November 2020

Main observation and conclusionTwo new pairs of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) enantiomers as well as their new congeners were isolated from stems of Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. (Apocynaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and confirmed by X‐ray diffractions and computational calculations. Tabovine A, tabovine B and tabovines C—D possessed unprecedented 6/5/5/6/6, 6/5/5/6/5 and 6/5/6/6/6 ring systems, respectively. It is the first time to report co‐occurring enantiomers of MIAs. Additionally, the explanation concerning biogenesis of MIAs was provided. The findings would open a new window where we could disclose more diverse MIAs.
Associations of baseline patient‐reported outcomes with treatment outcomes in advanced gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: van Seventer Emily E. , Fish Madeleine G. , Fosbenner Kathryn , Kanter Katie , Mojtahed Amirkasra , Allen Jill N. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence , Clark Jeffrey W. , Dubois Jon , Franses Joseph W. , Giantonio Bruce J. , Goyal Lipika , Klempner Samuel J. , Roeland Eric J. , Ryan David P. , Weekes Colin D. , Mulvey Therese , El‐Jawahri Areej , Horick Nora , Corcoran Ryan B. , Parikh Aparna R. , Nipp Ryan D. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) assessing quality of life (QOL) and symptom burden correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, data regarding associations between PROs and treatment response are lacking.MethodsThe authors prospectively approached consecutive patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer who were initiating a new treatment. Prior to treatment, patients reported their QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General [FACT‐G], 4 subscales: Functional, Physical, Emotional, Social; higher scores indicate better QOL) and symptom burden (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS], Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 [PHQ‐4]; higher scores represent greater symptoms). Regression models were used to examine associations of baseline PROs with treatment response (clinical benefit or progressive disease [PD] at time of first scan), healthcare utilization, and survival.ResultsFrom May 2019 to April 2020, a total of 112 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were enrolled. For treatment response, 64.3% had CB and 35.7% had PD. Higher baseline ESAS‐Physical (odds ratio, 1.04; P = .027) and lower FACT‐G Functional (odds ratio, 0.92; P = .038) scores were associated with PD. Higher ESAS‐Physical (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; P = .044) and lower FACT‐G Total (HR, 0.96; P = .005), FACT‐G Physical (HR, 0.89; P < .001), and FACT‐G Functional (HR, 0.87; P < .001) scores were associated with a greater hospitalization risk. Lower FACT‐G Total (HR, 0.96; P = .009) and FACT‐G Emotional (HR, 0.86; P = .012) scores as well as higher ESAS‐Total (HR, 1.03; P = .014) and ESAS‐Physical (HR, 1.04; P = .032) scores were associated with worse survival.ConclusionsBaseline PROs are associated with treatment response in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, namely physical symptoms and functional QOL, in addition to health care use and survival. The findings of the current study support the association between PROs and important clinical outcomes, including the novel finding of treatment response.
Metacognitive Training for Depression: Feasibility, safety and acceptability of two new treatment modules to reduce suicidality
Authors: Jelinek Lena , Peth Judith , Runde Anne , Arlt Sönke , Scheunemann Jakob , Gallinat Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent evidence favours psychological interventions explicitly targeting suicidality; however, group treatments on suicidality are rare and are assumed to have unfavourable effects. We developed two modules specifically addressing suicidality that replace two existing modules in the Metacognitive Training for Depression (D‐MCT). The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of this intervention (D‐MCT/S). Forty‐eight inpatients with depression received eight sessions of D‐MCT/S over 4 weeks in addition to standard treatment. Patients were assessed before the training, 4 and 8 weeks later regarding suicidality (primary outcome: Beck Suicide Scale [BSS]), hopelessness, depression (e.g. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS]), dysfunctional attitudes, and self‐esteem. Negative effects of the modules and subjective appraisal were assessed. Suicidality, hopelessness, and depression decreased over time. Whereas the effects on the BSS only reached trend level, a large effect was observed when the suicide item of the HDRS was used. Two of the 46 patients (4%) reported a deterioration in their symptoms, but this was not associated with the D‐MCT/S. Negative effects of the general training were rather low, and acceptability was high. In general, patients evaluated the two new modules on suicidality similarly to the established modules. However, both modules were assessed as distressing by 39% of the patients. When we addressed suicidality in the D‐MCT/S, we did not observe any contagious effects. In fact, the pilot versions of the two modules on suicidality are promising in terms of feasibility, safety, and acceptability. The results will be used to improve current shortcomings. The trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (#DRKS‐ID: DRKS00010543) on 23 August 2016.
Hardware‐efficient approximate logarithmic division with improved accuracy
Authors: Subhasri Chitlu , Jammu Bhaskara Rao , Guna Sekhar Sai Harsha L. , Bodasingi Nalini , Samoju Visweswara Rao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong all the arithmeticoperations,division operation takes most of the clock cycles resulting in more path delay and higher power consumption. Many algorithms, including logarithmic division (LD), have been implemented to reduce the critical path delay and power consumption of division operation. However, there is a high possibility to further reduce these vital issues by using the novel approximate LD (ALD) algorithm. In the proposed ALD, a truncation adder is used for mantissa addition. Using this adder, the power delay product (PDP) and normalized mean error distance (NMED) are minimized. From the error analysis and hardware evaluation, it is observed that the proposed ALD using truncation adder (ALD‐TA) with an appropriate number of inexact bits achieve lower power consumption and higher accuracy than existing LDs with exact units. The normalized mean error distance of 8‐, 16‐, and 32‐bit ALD‐TA is compared with LDs of same bits and observed a decrease of up to 21%, 20%, and 21%, and the PDP has a reduction of up to 33%, 51%, and 72%, respectively. Application of ALD‐TA to image processing shows that high performance can be achieved by using ALDs than exact LDs.
Surface receptor‐mediated targeted drug delivery systems for enhanced cancer treatment: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Pavadai Parasuraman , Vellaichamy Sivakumar , Ram Kumar Pandian Sureshbabu , Ravishankar Vigneshwaran , Palanisamy Ponnusamy , Govindaraj Saravanan , Srinivasan Gowshiki , Premanand Adhvitha , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Theivendren Panneerselvam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhanced cancer treatment remains as one of the focused areas for researchers around the world. Hence, the progress in this direction will be a challenge and an opportunity in, inter‐disciplinary field to mitigate the suffering of millions in the upcoming decades. As we see, cancer death rate has also progressively increased despite the current impressive treatment regimens but also due to the non‐availability of vaccines and the re‐occurring of cancer in substantially recovered patients. Currently, numerous treatment strategies like surgical removal of solid tumors followed by radiation with a combination of immunotherapy/chemotherapy by the researchers and clinicians are routinely being followed. However, recurrence and distant metastasis often occur following radiation therapy, commonly due to the generation of radio‐resistance through deregulation of the cell cycle, cell death, and inhibition of DNA damage repair mechanisms. Thus, chemotherapeutic/immunotherapeutic treatment systems have progressed remarkably in the latest years owing to destroying tumors, noninvasive, and affordable charge of therapy. But, traditional chemotherapeutic approaches target the DNA of mutated and normal healthy cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of toxicity and drug resistance. Thus, many receptors targeted therapies are in the developmental phase of discovery. Cancer cells have a specialized set of surface receptors that provide potential targets for cancer therapeutics. Cell surface receptor‐dependent endocytosis is well a known major mechanism for the internalization of macromolecular drugs. This review emphasizes the recent development of several surface receptors mediated cancer‐targeting approaches for the effective delivery of various therapeutic formulations.
First‐principles based simulation of electron and hole transfer in PET oligmer
Authors: Sato Masahiro , Kumada Akiko , Hidaka Kunihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, we have developed a first‐principles based multiscale modeling approach for studying carrier transport properties in polymeric dielectric, and have successfully modeled hole transfer in polyethylene (PE). In this study, in order to see if we can model carrier transport in more complex polymers, we have utilized the multiscale modeling method to simulate electron and hole transfer in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The agreement between computed and experimental electron and hole mobilities in PET demonstrated the robustness of the modeling technique. The multiscale modeling approach enabled us to understand the microscopic origin of the carrier transport properties; unlike carrier transport in PE where the energetic disorder is dominated by the conformational disorder of the polymer chain, that in PET was strongly affected by the electrostatic disorder (disorder of the electrostatic potential due to surrounding environment). It is shown that this difference comes from the fact that (1) the charge localized region in PE chain is determined by the conformational disorder whereas that in PET is determined by the chemical structure of the polymer chain, and (2) PET chain has large local dipole compared to PE chain.
Environmental conditions influence eDNA particle size distribution in aquatic systems
Authors: Barnes Matthew A. , Chadderton W. Lindsay , Jerde Christopher L. , Mahon Andrew R. , Turner Cameron R. , Lodge David M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnowledge about the size of environmental DNA (eDNA) and eDNA‐bearing particles in aquatic environments is integral to efficient and sensitive analyses. To explore the influence of environmental factors on eDNA particle size distribution (PSD), we manipulated fish communities across nine experimental ponds, which led to differences in a suite of environmental covariates (biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a concentration, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and turbidity) over 5 months. At the end of the experiment, we serially filtered water samples from each pond through 5 filter sizes (20, 10, 5, 1, and 0.2 µm) followed by eDNA precipitation. We used quantitative PCR to determine the proportion of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) or bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) eDNA captured within each size fraction. Based on eDNA concentrations recorded at each size fraction, we parameterized a Weibull distribution to describe the eDNA PSD of each species in each pond. Likelihood ratio tests suggested that PSD did not differ between species but did differ across ponds. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated that the specific environmental factors with the greatest influence on PSD differed depending on the pore size of the filter used for capture. Notably, positive associations with chlorophyll and turbidity were most important for predicting capture with a 10‐µm filter, suggesting that eDNA is sticky, and the presence of relatively large particles such as algal cells or other suspended sediments can dramatically alter eDNA PSD. Therefore, we advocate that researchers and managers consider analysis of eDNA PSD within their study systems to optimize eDNA capture efficiencies and increase detection probabilities across variable biotic and abiotic conditions. Furthermore, reporting eDNA PSD evaluations across more diverse systems has the potential to reveal broader patterns of eDNA capture efficiency and improve research and natural resource management with eDNA applications.
Risk of stroke in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm: data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Hjalmarsson Clara , Fu Michael , Zverkova Sandström Tatiana , Schaufelberger Maria , Ljungman Charlotta , Andersson Björn , Bollano Entela , Dahlström Ulf , Rosengren Annika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsWe investigated the 2 year rate of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (IS) in patients with heart failure (HF) who were in sinus rhythm (HF‐SR) and aimed to develop a score for stratifying risk of IS in this population.Methods and resultsA total of 15 425 patients (mean age 71.5 years, 39% women) with HF‐SR enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Register were included; 28 815 age‐matched and sex‐matched controls, without a registered diagnosis of HF, were selected from the Swedish Population Register. The 2 year rate of IS was 3.0% in patients and 1.4% in controls. In the patient group, a risk score including age (1p for 65–74 years; 2p for 75–84 years; 3p for ≥85 years), previous IS (2p), ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, kidney dysfunction, and New York Heart Association III/IV class (1p each) was generated. Over a mean follow‐up of 20.1 (SD 7.5) months, the cumulative incidences (per 1000 person‐years) of IS in patients with score 0 to ≥7 were 2.2, 5.3, 8.9, 13.2, 15.7, 20.4, 26.4, and 33.0, with hazard ratios for score 1 to ≥7 (with 0 as reference): 2.4, 4.1, 6.1, 7.2, 9.4, 12.2, and 15.3. The risk score performed modestly (area under the curve 63.7%; P = 0.4711 for lack of fit with a logistic model; P = 0.7062 with Poisson, scaled by deviance).ConclusionsIn terms of absolute risk, only 27.6% of patients had an annual IS incidence of ≤1%. To which extent this would be amenable to anticoagulant treatment remains conjectural. A score compiling age and specific co‐morbidities identified HF‐SR patients with increased risk of IS with modest discriminative ability.