bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching from mesopredator to apex predator: how do responses vary in amphibians adapted to cave living?
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Melotto Andrea , Guillaume Olivier , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Lunghi Enrico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effective detection of both prey and predators is pivotal for the survival of mesopredators. However, the condition of being a mesopredator is strongly context dependent. Here we focus on two aquatic caudate species that have colonised caves: the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper) and the olm (Proteus anguinus). The former maintains both surface and subterranean populations, while only cave-adapted populations of the latter exist. Both species are apex predators in underground waterbodies, while the Pyrenean newt is a mesopredator in surface waterbodies. Shifting to a higher level of the trophic web through colonising caves may promote the loss of anti-predator response against surface apex predators, and an increase in the ability to detect prey. To test these two non-exclusive hypotheses, we integrated classical behavioural characterisations with a novel approach: the assessment of lateralisation (i.e. preference for one body side exposure). Behavioural experiments were performed using laboratory-reared individuals. We performed 684 trials on 39 Pyrenean newts and eight olms. Under darkness and light conditions, we tested how exposure to different chemical cues (predatory fish, prey and unknown scent) affected individuals’ activity and lateralisation. Both cave and surface Pyrenean newts responded to predator cues, while olms did not. In Pyrenean newts, predator cues reduced the time spent in movement and time spent in lateralisation associated with hunting. Our results show that predator recognition is maintained in a species where recently separated populations inhabit environments lacking of higher predators, while such behaviour tends to be lost in populations with longer history of adaptation.Significance statementPredator recognition can be maintained in animals adapted to predator free habitats, but varies with their history of adaptation. Species that are not at the apex of the food web can become top predators if they colonise subterranean environments. We compared the behavioural responses of the olm, a strictly cave species with a long underground evolutionary history, and of the Pyrenean newt, a facultative cave species that also has stream-dwelling populations. Moreover, we integrated a classical behavioural characterisation, such as movement detection, with a novel approach: the assessment of lateralisation. While olms do not respond to external predators scent, cave-dwelling newts still recognise it. This clearly indicates that predator recognition is still maintained in species that have colonised predator-free environments more recently.
Time-dependent solution of the NIMFA equations around the epidemic threshold
Authors: Prasse Bastian , Van Mieghem Piet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe majority of epidemic models are described by non-linear differential equations which do not have a closed-form solution. Due to the absence of a closed-form solution, the understanding of the precise dynamics of a virus is rather limited. We solve the differential equations of the N-intertwined mean-field approximation of the susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic process with heterogeneous spreading parameters around the epidemic threshold for an arbitrary contact network, provided that the initial viral state vector is small or parallel to the steady-state vector. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the solution around the epidemic threshold is accurate, also above the epidemic threshold and for general initial viral states that are below the steady-state.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of ANA/anti-dsDNA positive patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Wen Qiong , Qiu Yagui , Huang Fengxian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) consists of a group of systemic autoimmune diseases. The roles of serum anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies in AAV patients remain unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of serum ANAs and anti-dsDNA antibodies in AAV patients and characterized the clinical and pathological features of these patients. A total of 218 AAV patients were enrolled. Clinical and pathological data of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 218 AAV patients, 109 (50.0%) were positive for ANA, 45 (20.6%) were positive for anti-dsDNA, and 43 (19.7%) were positive for both. The AAV patients with ANA had severer kidney damage and more chronic renal histopathological changes compared to those who were negative for ANA. Specifically, patients positive for ANA had more hypertension, higher levels of urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), more end-stage renal disease (ESRD), severer proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, tubular interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and were more likely to receive renal biopsies compared to ANA negative patients. The study found ANA and anti-dsDNA in AVV patients were not rare, ANA-positive AAV patients had severer kidney damage and more chronic renal histopathological changes compared to ANA-negative AAV patients. Renal biopsy is strongly recommended for differential diagnosis in such cases.
Radiation dose management systems—requirements and recommendations for users from the ESR EuroSafe Imaging initiative
Authors: Loose Reinhard W. , Vano Eliseo , Mildenberger Peter , Tsapaki Virginia , Caramella Davide , Sjöberg Johan , Paulo Graciano , Torresin Alberto , Schindera Sebastian , Frija Guy , Damilakis John ,   on behalf of the European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The European Directive 2013/59/Euratom requires member states of the European Union to ensure justification and optimisation of radiological procedures and store information on patient exposure for analysis and quality assurance. The EuroSafe Imaging campaign of the European Society of Radiology created a working group (WG) on “Dose Management” with the aim to provide European recommendations on the implementation of dose management systems (DMS) in clinical practice. The WG follows Action 4: “Promote dose management systems to establish local, national, and European diagnostic reference levels (DRL)” of the EuroSafe Imaging Call for Action 2018. DMS are designed for medical practitioners, radiographers, medical physics experts (MPE) and other health professionals involved in imaging to support their tasks and duties of radiation protection in accordance with local and national requirements. The WG analysed requirements and critical points when installing a DMS and classified the individual functions at different performance levels.

Key Points
• DMS are very helpful software tools for monitoring patient exposure, optimisation, compliance with DRLs and quality assurance.
• DMS can help to fulfil dosimetric aspects of the European Directive 2013/59/Euratom.
• The EuroSafe WG analyses DMS requirements and gives recommendations for users.
Laser-guided real-time automatic target identification for endoscopic stone lithotripsy: a two-arm in vivo porcine comparison study
Authors: Schlager Daniel , Schulte Antonia , Schütz Jan , Brandenburg Albrecht , Schell Christoph , Lamrini Samir , Vogel Markus , Teichmann Heinrich-Otto , Miernik Arkadiusz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction and objective
Thermal injuries associated with Holmium laser lithotripsy of the urinary tract are an underestimated problem in stone therapy. Surgical precision relies exclusively on visual target identification when applying laser energy for stone disintegration. This study evaluates a laser system that enables target identification automatically during bladder stone lithotripsy, URS, and PCNL in a porcine animal model.

Methods
Holmium laser lithotripsy was performed on two domestic pigs by an experienced endourology surgeon in vivo. Human stone fragments (4–6 mm) were inserted in both ureters, renal pelvises, and bladders. Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy was conducted as a two-arm comparison study, evaluating the target identification system against common lithotripsy. We assessed the ureters’ lesions according to PULS and the other locations descriptively. Post-mortem nephroureterectomy and cystectomy specimens were examined by a pathologist.

Results
The sufficient disintegration of stone samples was achieved in both setups. Endoscopic examination revealed numerous lesions in the urinary tract after the commercial Holmium laser system. The extent of lesions with the feedback system was semi-quantitatively and qualitatively lower. The energy applied was significantly less, with a mean reduction of more than 30% (URS 27.1%, PCNL 52.2%, bladder stone lithotripsy 17.1%). Pathology examination revealed only superficial lesions in both animals. There was no evidence of organ perforation in either study arm.

Conclusions
Our study provides proof-of-concept for a laser system enabling automatic real-time target identification during lithotripsy on human urinary stones. Further studies in humans are necessary, and to objectively quantify this new system’s advantages, investigations involving a large number of cases are mandatory.
Psychosocial emergency care in times of COVID-19: the Essen University Hospital concept for corona-infected patients, their relatives, and medical staff
Authors: Rentrop Vanessa , Schneider Johanna Sophie , Bäuerle Alexander , Junne Florian , Dörrie Nora , Skoda Eva-Maria , Schedlowski Manfred , Mallmann Bernhard , Benecke Anke-Verena , Kohler Hannah , Gerigk Monja , Teigelack Per , Emler Tobias , Scherbaum Norbert , Gradl-Dietsch Gertraud , Scheer Karin , Teufel Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19), anxiety, distress, and insecurity occur more frequently. In particular, infected individuals, their relatives, and medical staff face an increased risk of high psychological distress as a result of the ongoing pandemic. Thus, structured psychosocial emergency concepts are needed. The University hospital of Essen has taken up this challenge by creating the PEC concept to reduce psychosocial long-term consequences for infected patients, relatives, and medical staff at the university hospital. The concept includes professional medical as well as psychological support to convey constructive coping strategies and the provision of adequate tools such as the low-threshold online training program (CoPE It), which is accessible via the webpage www.cope-corona.de.
Association of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes with intestinal-type gastric cancer molecular subtypes and outcome
Authors: Mansuri Naziha , Birkman Eva-Maria , Heuser Vanina D. , Lintunen Minnamaija , Ålgars Annika , Sundström Jari , Ristamäki Raija , Lehtinen Laura , Carpén Olli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile host immune response is likely to be important for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, detailed information on the T lymphocyte infiltration in different gastric cancer subtypes is lacking. Here, we studied the presence of CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 (Forkhead box p3) expressing T lymphocytes in a retrospective cohort of 190 intestinal gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. The cancers represented four distinct molecular subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus–positive (EBV+), mismatch-repair-deficient (MMR-D), aberrant TP53, and the “other” subtype. The absolute numbers of CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T lymphocytes were analyzed in relation with these molecular subtypes and selected clinicopathological parameters. Overall, there was a large variation in the amount of infiltrating T lymphocyte in all molecular subtypes. Among the subtypes, EBV+ cancers differed from the other subtypes in increased lymphocyte infiltration and high CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio. While the TP53 aberrant subtype did not differ in the absolute amount of T lymphocyte, the ratio of CD8+/FOXP3+ and CD3+/FOXP3+ cells was highest in this subtype, possibly reflecting immunosuppression associated with genomic instability. Increased CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltrates were associated with better survival, and remained as independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. This study is the first to investigate lymphocytic infiltration within four molecular subtypes of intestinal-type gastric cancer in a European cohort. The results provide an important addition to the current knowledge of T lymphocyte–dependent immune response in gastric cancer and its prognostic significance.
‘I don’t talk about my distress to others; I feel that I have to suffer my problems...’ Voices of Indian women with breast cancer: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Daniel Sunitha , Venkateswaran Chitra , Hutchinson Ann , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the commonest form of cancer among women globally, including in India. The rising incidence in the developing world is thought to be due to increased life expectancy, urbanisation, and adoption of western lifestyles. A recent systematic review found that Indian women living in India or as immigrants in Canada experienced a range of psychological distresses both ameliorated and exacerbated by cultural issues personally, within the family, within their community, and in the context of faith, and only two of the five qualitative studies explored the experience of women with breast cancer living in India. Distress may also affect treatment compliance.AimThe aim of the study was to explore the psychological distresses experienced by Indian women with breast cancer living in Kerala, South India, during and after treatment and to understand better what helped to relieve or increase these distresses.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 20 consenting women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Purposive sampling was used to obtain maximum variation in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interviews were verbatim transcribed, translated into English, and back-translated to Malayalam to ensure that the meaning had not been lost. English data were analysed using thematic frame work analysis and synthesised to provide a deeper understanding of the individuals’ experience.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the data. The first major theme was ‘far-reaching psychological distress’. This included anxiety, guilt, anger, and depression in response to the disease and physical side effects of treatment and issues relating to body image, especially hair loss and sexuality. The second major theme was ‘getting on with life’. Women tried to make sense of the disease, by actively seeking information, the role of medical professionals, and their practical adaptations. Many found a new future and a new way to live normal. The third major theme was the ‘support system’ strongly based on family, friends, faith, and the community which affect them positively as well as negatively.ConclusionPsychological concerns related to disease and treatment are common in Indian women with particular emphasis on body image issues associated with hair loss. Family and faith were key support systems for almost all the women, although it could also be the causes of distress.
Modeling human thinking about similarities by neuromatrices in the perspective of fuzzy logic
Authors: Grobelny Jerzy , Michalski Rafał , Weber Gerhard-Wilhelm 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a new method for modeling human reasoning about objects’ similarities. We assume that similarity depends on perceived intensities of objects’ attributes expressed by natural language expressions such as low, medium, and high. We show how to find the underlying structure of the matrix with intensities of objects’ similarities in the factor-analysis-like manner. The demonstrated approach is based on fuzzy logic and set theory principles, and it uses only maximum and minimum operators. Similarly to classic eigenvector decomposition, we aim at representing the initial linguistic ordinal-scale (LOS) matrix as a max–min product of other LOS matrix and its transpose. We call this reconstructing matrix a neuromatrix because we assume that such a process takes place at the neural level in our brain. We show and discuss on simple, illustrative examples, how the presented way of modeling grasps natural way of reasoning about similarities. The unique characteristics of our approach are treating smaller attribute intensities as less important in making decisions about similarities. This feature is consistent with how the human brain is functioning at a biological level. A neuron fires and passes information further only if input signals are strong enough. The proposal of the heuristic algorithm for finding the decomposition in practice is also introduced and applied to exemplary data from classic psychological studies on perceived similarities between colors and between nations. Finally, we perform a series of simulation experiments showing the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic.
A socio-ecological analysis of risk, protective and promotive factors for the mental health of Burundian refugee children living in refugee camps
Authors: Scharpf Florian , Mkinga Getrude , Masath Faustine Bwire , Hecker Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChildren and adolescents’ mental health risk and resilience arise from a complex interplay of factors on several socio-ecological levels. However, little is known about the factors that shape the mental health of refugee youth living in refugee camps close to ongoing conflict. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 217 Burundian refugee children aged 7–15 and their mothers residing in refugee camps in Tanzania to investigate associations between risk, protective and promotive factors from various ecological levels (individual, microsystem, exosystem), and children’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. Data were collected using structured clinical interviews and analyzed using multiple regression models. Exposure to violence across all contexts and engagement coping were risk factors for PTSD symptoms and internalizing problems, while only violence by mothers seemed to increase children’s vulnerability for externalizing problems. A differential impact of violence exposures on prosocial behavior was observed. Higher-quality friendships appeared to protect youth from PTSD symptoms and externalizing problems, while they also promoted children’s prosocial behavior, just as mothers’ social support networks. Prevention and intervention approaches should integrate risk, protective and promotive factors for refugee youth’s mental health across multiple ecological contexts and take into account context-specific and adaptive responses to war and displacement.
Local experience, knowledge, and community adaptations to environmental change: the case of a fishing village in central Vietnam
Authors: Leithäuser Henner , Holzhacker Ronald Lindsey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLocal ecological knowledge (LEK) represents an important link between resource users and their social-ecological system and plays a key role regarding the sustainable planning of environmental resources. This study investigates the nature of LEK in the case of a fishing village at the Tam Giang Lagoon in central Vietnam by applying an ethnographic participant observer approach. The research demonstrates a means to understand a complex, self-organized local network with a multitude of actors with different interests and adaptive behaviors, interfering in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways in the same environmental context. It concludes with two understandings about LEK. (1) It is important to recognize it as a concept that is not fixed in time and space as it is coevolving with broader system changes. (2) Only if approached through careful immersion and participation at the local level can it provide a valuable source of science-based information for improved decision-making.
Implementation of a continuous delivery pipeline for enterprise architecture model evolution
Authors: Sabau Alex R. , Hacks Simon , Steffens Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe discipline of enterprise architecture (EA) is an established approach to model and manage the interaction of business processes and IT in an organization. Thereby, the EA model as a central artifact of EA is subject to a continuous evolution caused by multiple sources of changes. The continuous evolution requires a lot of effort in controlling and managing the evolution of the EA model. This is especially true when merging the induced changes from different sources in the EA model. Additionally, the lack of tool and automation support makes this a very time-consuming and error-prone task. The evolutionary character and the automated quality assessment of artifacts is a well-known challenge in the software development domain as well. To meet these challenges, the discipline of continuous delivery (CD) has emerged to be very useful. The evolution of EA model artifacts shows similarities to the evolution of software artifacts. Therefore, we leveraged practices of CD to practices of EA maintenance. Thus, we created a conceptual framework for automated EA model maintenance. The concepts were realized in a first prototype and were evaluated in a fictitious case study against equivalence classes based on EA model metrics and a set of several requirements for automated EA model maintenance from research. Overall, the concepts prove to be a promising basis for further refinement, implementation, and evaluation in research in an industrial context.
Circumventing the Crabtree effect: forcing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) via galactose medium increases sensitivity of HepG2 cells to the purine derivative kinetin riboside
Authors: Orlicka-Płocka Marta , Gurda-Wozna Dorota , Fedoruk-Wyszomirska Agnieszka , Wyszko Eliza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall-molecule compound-based therapies have provided new insights into cancer treatment against mitochondrial impairment. N6-furfuryladenosine (kinetin riboside, KR) is a purine derivative and an anticancer agent that selectively affects the molecular pathways crucial for cell growth and apoptosis by interfering with mitochondrial functions and thus might be a potential mitotoxicant. Metabolism of cancer cells is predominantly based on the Crabtree effect that relies on glucose-induced inhibition of cell respiration and thus on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which supports the survival of cancer cells in metabolic stress conditions. The simplest way to circumvent this phenomenon is to replace glucose with galactose in the culture environment. Consequently, cells become more sensitive to mitochondrial perturbations caused by mitotoxicants. In the present study, we evaluated several cellular parameters and investigated the effect of KR on mitochondrial functions in HepG2 cells forced to rely mainly on OXPHOS. We showed that KR in the galactose environment is a more potent apoptosis-inducing agent. KR decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduces glutathione level, depletes cellular ATP, and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the OXPHOS state, leading to the loss of cell viability. Taken together, these results demonstrate that KR directly acts on the mitochondria to limit their function and that the sensitivity of cells is dependent on their ability to cope with energetic stress.