bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current variability in the assessment of component position for the unhappy knee replacement
Authors: Suchowersky Andrew M. , Dickison David , Ashton L. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) has a success rate of 80–90%, but despite this encouraging figure a painful TKA can be a source of dismay for patients and surgeons. Computed tomography (CT) scan has been developed as a tool to collect data in the analysis of TKA component placement. Protocols used to collect such data exist in orthopaedic and radiology practice with little standardization and significant variation. The aim of this review article was to evaluate such variability by sampling a series of protocols from a range of different radiology practices within NSW, Australia in a case‐based manner and to then compare them against any literature standards.MethodsThe literature was surveyed for existing CT scan protocols used in TKA assessment. These were then compared with a series of metropolitan and rural radiology firms across the public and private sectors in NSW, Australia.ResultsConsiderable variability exists between current protocols across NSW, Australia, which differ with proposed literature standards.ConclusionVariabilities encountered when comparing the different scanning protocols in use for the assessment of TKA constitute a large potential source of error in the analysis of TKA component positioning. The reliance surgeons place on such analyses suggests the need for an established scanning protocol with an incorporated grading system and standardized values to allow reproducible data to help assess and predict TKA function.
Population status of Asian elephantsElephas maximusand key threats
Authors: Menon V. , Tiwari S. KR. 
Published: November 2019

The Asian elephantElephas maximusis distributed in 13 countries across South Asia and South East Asia spread over an area of 486 800 km2with a population ofc. 48 323–51 680 in the wild andc. 15 000 in captivity. The major threats to the survival of the species are habitat shrinkage and fragmentation, human–elephant conflict, poaching and illegal trade of elephant body parts. The elephant populations of Vietnam, Sumatra and Myanmar are under great threat with only 100–130 elephants left in the wild in Vietnam. Apart from ivory, the trade of other body parts of elephants, especially the skin trade, has increased in last few years further threatening the elephant population. This trade could result in indiscriminate killing of elephants of both sexes threatening the fragile elephant population in the region. Human–elephant conflict has become a significant threat for the conservation of Asian elephants across their range of distribution and needs to be managed urgently to prevent retaliation. The welfare and care of elephants in captivity is a major concern as are the training methods used with these elephants. There is also a need to create and conform to a uniform registration system for elephants in human care to prevent illegal trade of individuals.
Impact of pulsed electric field on rheological, structural, and physicochemical properties of almond milk
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Ahmad Nazir , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Rahaman Abdul , Ahmed Zahoor , Rehman Abdur , Siddeeg Azhari , Zeng Xin‐An , Manzoor Ahsan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effects of the pulsed electric field (PEF) on the rheological, structural, and physicochemical properties of almond milk were evaluated. Results indicated that there was a significant increase in electrical conductivity, cloud value, and cloud stability, while a significant decrease was observed in viscosity and nonenzymatic browning after PEF treatments. The particle size was significantly reduced and monodisperse distributions were observed, particle size reduction further confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Whiteness Index, clarity, and physical stability of samples were improved, without affecting either protein stability or viscosity. The rheological behavior of all samples was described using a Herschel–Bulky model. PEF treatments increased the apparent viscosity and changed the consistency index (K). The denaturation temperatures and apparent enthalpy of almond milk samples were modified by PEF treatments. This study indicated that dispersive and aggregative properties of PEF treated almond milk were different due to differences in particle coagulation, protein denaturation and morphological characteristic of aggregates.Practical applicationsNow a day, green processing techniques, such as PEF is used for processing the different types of beverages. The outcomes of the recent study described that PEF treatment could improve the physicochemical properties, reduce the particle, physical stability, and whiteness index of almond milk. The results of this research proposed that PEF has an ability to enhance the quality of almond beverage and may be employed for the processing at an industrial scale.
Social creatures: Model animal systems for studying the neuroendocrine mechanisms of social behaviour
Authors: Robinson Kelly J. , Bosch Oliver J. , Levkowitz Gil , Busch Karl Emanuel , Jarman Andrew P. , Ludwig Mike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe interaction of animals with conspecifics, termed social behaviour, has a major impact on the survival of many vertebrate species. Neuropeptide hormones modulate the underlying physiology that governs social interactions, and many findings concerning the neuroendocrine mechanisms of social behaviours have been extrapolated from animal models to humans. Neurones expressing neuropeptides show similar distribution patterns within the hypothalamic nucleus, even when evolutionarily distant species are compared. During evolution, hypothalamic neuropeptides and releasing hormones have retained not only their structures, but also their biological functions, including their effects on behaviour. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of social behaviours in several classes of animals, such as worms, insects and fish, as well as laboratory, wild and domesticated mammals.
Why are Women Less Likely to Negotiate? The Influence of Expectancy Considerations and Contextual Framing on Gender Differences in the Initiation of Negotiation
Authors: Reif Julia A. M. , Kugler Katharina G. , Brodbeck Felix C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccording to social role theory, women are less likely to initiate negotiations and have lower expectancies about negotiation success because the feminine gender role is inconsistent with the negotiator role. However, gender differences should be amplified in masculine contexts (with even more inconsistency between the negotiator role and the feminine gender role) and reduced in feminine contexts (with more consistency between the negotiator role and the feminine gender role). We showed in Study 1 (N = 1,306 students) that negotiators’ expectancies about being successful in negotiations mediated the effect of gender on real retrospective negotiation behavior. In Study 2, an online scenario experiment (N = 167 students and employees), we found that the framing of the negotiation context (feminine vs. masculine) moderated the mediation effect. We provide implications for theory, practice, and research methods by unearthing mechanisms and moderators of gender differences in the area of negotiations.
Establishment of a mitotic model system by transient expression of the D‐type cyclin in differentiated leaf cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana)
Authors: Xu Jie , Lee Yuh‐Ru Julie , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Investigations of plant cell division would greatly benefit from a fast, inducible system. Therefore, we aimed to establish a mitotic model by transiently expressing D‐type cyclins in tobacco leaf cells.

Two different D‐type cyclins, CYCD3;1 and CYCD4;2 from Arabidopsis thaliana, were expressed by agrobacterial infiltration in the cells of expanded leaves in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Leaf pavement cells were examined after cyclin expression while target and reference (histone or tubulin) proteins were marked by fluorescent protein‐tagging.

Ectopic expression of the D‐type cyclin induced pavement cells to re‐enter cell division by establishing mitotic microtubule arrays. The induced leaf cells expressed M phase‐specific genes of Arabidopsis encoding the mitotic kinase AtAurora 1, the microtubule‐associated proteins AtEDE1 and AtMAP65‐4, and the vesicle fusion protein AtKNOLLE by recognizing their genomic elements. Their distinct localizations at spindle poles (AtAurora1), spindle microtubules (AtEDE1), phragmoplast microtubules (AtMAP65‐4) and the cell plate (AtKNOLLE) were indistinguishable from those in their native Arabidopsis cells. The dividing cells also revealed two rice (Oryza sativa) microtubule‐associated proteins in the phragmoplast and uncovered a novel spindle‐associated microtubule motor protein.

Hence, this cell division‐enabled leaf system predicts hypothesized cell cycle‐dependent functions of heterologous genes by reporting the dynamics of encoded proteins.
Male age affects female mating preference but not fitness in the monandrous mothDendrolimus punctatusWalker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Lai Meng , Zhang Shi‐Yu , Zhang Yan‐Fang , Liu Xing‐Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is widely accepted that male age can influence female mating preference and subsequent fitness consequences in many polyandrous species, yet this is seldom investigated in monandrous species. In the present study, we use the monandrous pine mothDendrolimus punctatusto examine the effects of male age on female mating preference and future reproductive potential. In multiple male trials, when permitted free mating from an aggregation consisting of virgin males aged 0 (young), 2 (middle‐aged) and 4 (old) days, virgin females preferentially mate with young and middle‐aged males, although mating latency and mating duration are independent of male age. In single male trials, when virgin females are randomly assigned single virgin males of known age, a negative correlation is found between mating success and male age in this species. However, we find that male age also has no effect on mating latency and mating duration. Further fitness analysis reveals that females do not receive benefits in terms of oviposition period, total egg production, average daily egg production, percentage of egg hatching, longevity, expected reproduction and relative expected reproduction from mating with young and middle‐aged males compared with mating with old males. The results of the present study are the first demonstrate that females mated preferentially with younger males but gain no apparent fitness benefits in a monandrous moth species.
What are the health outcomes of trans and gender diverse young people in Australia? Study protocol for the Trans20 longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tollit Michelle Anne , Pace Carmen C , Telfer Michelle , Hoq Monsurul , Bryson Janet , Fulkoski Nicholas , Cooper Charlie , Pang Ken C 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionBeing transgender is frequently accompanied by gender dysphoria, which often coexists with mental health concerns. Increased referrals of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth to gender clinics have been observed in many countries. Nevertheless, there are limited empirical data on the presentation and outcomes of these patients, and there is an urgent need for more evidence to ensure optimal medical and psychosocial interventions. Here, we describe Trans20, a longitudinal study of TGD patients attending a multidisciplinary paediatric gender service in Melbourne, Australia. Trans20 aims to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients, to document the natural history of gender diversity presenting in childhood and to investigate long-term outcomes for those receiving interventions.Methods and analysisTrans20 is a prospective cohort study based on children and adolescents first seen at the Royal Children’s Hospital Gender Service (RCHGS) between February 2017 and February 2020. Current estimates indicate the final sample size will be approximately 600. Patients and their parents complete online questionnaires prior to the first appointment with RCHGS and regularly thereafter as part of routine clinical care. On discharge from RCHGS, patients are invited to continue undertaking questionnaires biennially. In this way, a naturally forming cohort study has been created. The primary outcomes include gender dysphoria, physical and mental health, schooling, family functioning and quality of life. Subgroup analyses based on factors such as gender identity, birth-assigned sex and treatment received will be performed using bivariate and multivariate modelling as appropriate, and relevant statistical methods will be applied for the repeated measures over time.Ethics and disseminationThe Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study (#36323). Findings from Trans20 will have translational impact by informing future treatment guidelines and gender affirming healthcare practices and will be disseminated through conferences and peer reviewed journals.
Hypervitaminosis D has no positive effects on goat tuberculosis and may cause chronic renal lesions
Authors: Risalde Maria Angeles , Roy Álvaro , Bezos Javier , Pineda Carmen , Casal Carmen , Díez‐Guerrier Alberto , Lopez‐Villalba Ignacio , Fernández‐Manzano Álvaro , Moreno Inmaculada , De Juan Lucía , Domínguez Lucas , Gortazar Christian 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThere is evidence for a link between vitamin D deficiency and active tuberculosis (TB). In human beings, several trials have evaluated the role of vitamin D supplementation in TB treatment with conflicting results. However, the role of vitamin D supplementation in animal TB control has received less attention. The authors evaluated the beneﬁt of vitamin D supplementation for preventing mycobacterial infection or reducing TB lesions (TBL) in a controlled trial with goats naturally exposed to Mycobacterium caprae.MethodsTwo groups of goats, a vitamin D‐supplemented group and a non‐supplemented control group, were housed for 10 months in direct contact with M caprae‐infected adult goats. Upon contact with the infected adult goats, all animals were TB‐tested every two months.ResultsNo experimental evidence of a protective effect of vitamin D supplementation based on M caprae culture prevalence, TBL prevalence, median TBL score or the proportion of single versus multiple organs presenting TBL was observed.ConclusionThe results indicate that, in the conditions used in this study, vitamin D supplementation in goats does not reduce TB infection risk nor the diffusion and severity of TBL. In addition, vitamin D‐supplemented goats presented hyperphosphataemia and renal injury with calcifications suggestive of vitamin D intoxication.
Evidence That the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rubiadin-1-methyl Ether Has an Immunomodulatory Context
Authors: Mohr Eduarda Talita Bramorski , dos Santos Nascimento Marcus Vinicius Pereira , da Rosa Júlia Salvan , Vieira Guilherme Nicácio , Kretzer Iara Fabricia , Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott 
Published: November 2019

Background. In spite of the latest therapeutic developments, no effective treatments for handling critical conditions such as acute lung injuries have yet been found. Such conditions, which may result from lung infections, sepsis, multiple trauma, or shock, represent a significant challenge in intensive care medicine. Seeking ways to better deal with this challenge, the scientific community has recently devoted much attention to small molecules derived from natural products with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Aims. In this context, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Rubiadin-1-methyl ether isolated fromPentas schimperi, using anin vitromodel of RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS and anin vivomodel of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS.Methods. The macrophages were pretreated with the compound and induced by LPS (1 μg/mL). After 24 h, using the supernatant, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, NOx, and IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-αlevels, as well as the effect of the compound on macrophage apoptosis. Next, the compound was administered in mice with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS (5 mg/kg), and the pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters were analyzed after 12 h using the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).Results. Rubiadin-1-methyl ether was able to inhibit the pro-inflammatory parameters studied in thein vitroassays (NOx, IL-6, and IL-1β) and, at the same time, increased the macrophage apoptosis rate. In thein vivoexperiments, this compound was capable of decreasing leukocyte infiltration; fluid leakage; NOx; IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels; and MPO activity. In addition, Rubiadin-1-methyl ether increased the IL-10 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).Conclusions. These findings support the evidence that Rubiadin-1-methyl ether has important anti-inflammatory activity, with evidence of an immunomodulatory effect.
On the identity of Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968 (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Authors: Ferreira Luciane Augusto De Azevedo , Tavares Marcos 
Published: November 2019

Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968, described from southeastern Brazil (São Sebastião, São Paulo), is morphologically similar to the eastern Atlantic P. platycheles (Pennant, 1777), and also to the west African P. africana Chace, 1956. The synonymy between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. platycheles was proposed by previous authors without examination of any specimens of P. platycheles, nor did they considered the morphological similarities between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. africana. This synonymy has been implicitly accepted without further analysis. The recent discovery of one male and two females syntypes of P. paivacarvalhoi has prompted new investigations into the status of P. paivacarvalhoi as a junior synonym either of P. platycheles or P. africana. Porcellana paivacarvalhoi is redescribed and illustrated based upon its lectotype herein designated. It is confirmed to be a junior synonym of P. platycheles; all evidence suggests that P. africana is a distinct, separate species. All previous records of P. platycheles from the Brazilian coast are reviewed. Its presence in southeastern Brazil in the late 1960’s most probably represents an historical case of human-mediated introduction by shipping activities. Porcellana platycheles did not manage to establish itself in São Sebastião, nor has it been recorded subsequently elsewhere in Brazil.
CTA-for-All
Authors: Mayer Stephan A. , Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Panyavachiraporn Nicha , Brady Megan , Scozzari Dawn , Van Harn Meredith , Miller Daniel , Katramados Angelos , Hefzy Hebah , Malik Shaneela , Marin Horia , Kole Maximilian , Chebl Alex , Lewandowski Christopher , Mitsias Panayiotis D. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
We sought to evaluate the impact of a Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) for All emergency stroke imaging protocol on outcome after large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods—
On July 1, 2017, the Henry Ford Health System implemented the policy of performing CTA and noncontrast computed tomography together as an initial imaging study for all patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting within 24 hours of last known well, regardless of baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Previously, CTA was reserved for patients presenting within 6 hours with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6. We compared treatment processes and outcomes between patients with AIS admitted 1 year before (n=388) and after (n=515) protocol implementation.

Results—

After protocol implementation, more AIS patients underwent CTA (91% versus 61%;
P
<0.001) and had CTA performed at the same time as the initial noncontrast computed tomography scan (78% versus 35%;
P
<0.001). Median time from emergency department arrival to CTA was also shorter (29 [interquartile range, 16–53] versus 43 [interquartile range, 29–112] minutes;
P
<0.001), more cases of LVO were detected (166 versus 96; 32% versus 25% of all AIS;
P
=0.014), and more mechanical thrombectomy procedures were performed (108 versus 68; 21% versus 18% of all AIS;
P
=0.196). Among LVO patients who presented within 6 hours of last known well, median time from last known well to mechanical thrombectomy was shorter (3.5 [interquartile range, 2.8–4.8] versus 4.1 [interquartile range, 3.3–5.6] hours;
P
=0.038), and more patients were discharged with a favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4–5, 53% versus 37%;
P
=0.029). The odds of having a favorable outcome after protocol implementation was not significant (odds ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 0.98–3.45];
P
=0.059) after controlling for age and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.

Conclusions—
Performing CTA and noncontrast computed tomography together as an initial assessment for all AIS patients presenting within 24 hours of last known well improved LVO detection, increased the mechanical thrombectomy treatment population, hastened intervention, and was associated with a trend toward improved outcome among LVO patients presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset.
A Prospective Study of Community Mediators on the Risk of Sepsis After Cancer
Authors: Moore Justin Xavier , Akinyemiju Tomi , Bartolucci Alfred , Wang Henry E. , Waterbor John , Griffin Russell 
Published: November 2019

Background: Few studies have examined whether community factors mediate the relationship between patients surviving cancer and future development of sepsis. We determined the influence of community characteristics upon risk of sepsis after cancer, and whether there are differences by race. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort years 2003 to 2012 complemented with county-level community characteristics from the American Community Survey and County Health Rankings. We categorized those with a self-reported prior cancer diagnosis as “cancer survivors” and those without a history of cancer as “no cancer history.” We defined sepsis as hospitalization for a serious infection with ≥2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We examined the mediation effect of community characteristics on the association between cancer survivorship and sepsis incidence using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, and total number of comorbidities. We repeated analysis stratified by race. Results: There were 28 840 eligible participants, of which 2860 (9.92%) were cancer survivors, and 25 289 (90.08%) were no cancer history participants. The only observed community-level mediation effects were from income (% mediated 0.07%; natural indirect effect [NIE] on hazard scale] = 1.001, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.000-1.005) and prevalence of adult smoking (% mediated = 0.21%; NIE = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.004). We observed similar effects when stratified by race. Conclusion: Cancer survivors are at increased risk of sepsis; however, this association is weakly mediated by community poverty and smoking prevalence.