bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of RN licensure test plans: the United States and China with implications for the Chinese nursing licensure exam
Authors: Yao Ting , Frutchey Cheryl , Alslman Eman , Burton Denise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this paper was to compare test plans between the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) in the United States and the National Nursing Licensure Examination (NNLE) in China, to discuss the influence of passing standards and critical thinking in the test plans on candidates and nursing education, and to provide implications to improve the NNLE test plan.

Methods
After reading the 2019 NCLEX-RN test plan and the 2019 NNLE test plan, a side-by-side comparison was done to evaluate both test plans.

Results
In the NCLEX-RN test plan, a periodical RN practice analysis provides fundamental principles for the development of test content based on the Client Needs framework. Item writing and coding is guided by the theory of Bloom’s taxonomy. The passing standard for the NCLEX-RN is based on a criterion-referenced method to assess candidates’ competencies as newly licensed nurses. In the NNLE test plan, test content comprises primary nursing tasks, nursing knowledge, and knowledge of common diseases. The standard score, a norm-referenced method, is used as the passing standard. The NNLE test plan does not present information concerning principles used in the development of test content, and the guidance related to item writing and coding.

Conclusion
The NCLEX-RN provides systematic and evidence-based procedures to determine and evaluate test content and passing standards as compared with the NNLE. The standard score used in the NNLE disadvantages candidates of secondary nursing education. The lack of principles to guide item writing and coding in the NNLE fails to foster students’ critical thinking. To improve the NNLE test plan, further research should be conducted to improve test content, item writing, and examination evaluation methods.
Identifying Causal Channels of Policy Reforms with Multiple Treatments and Different Types of Selection
Authors: Doerr Annabelle , Strittmatter Anthony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the identification of channels of policy reforms with multiple treatments and different types of selection for each treatment. We disentangle reform effects into policy effects, selection effects, and time effects under the assumption of conditional independence, common trends, and an additional exclusion restriction on the non-treated. Furthermore, we show the identification of direct- and indirect policy effects after imposing additional sequential conditional independence assumptions on mediating variables. We illustrate the approach using the German reform of the allocation system of vocational training for unemployed persons. The reform changed the allocation of training from a mandatory system to a voluntary voucher system. Simultaneously, the selection criteria for participants changed, and the reform altered the composition of course types. We consider the course composition as a mediator of the policy reform. We show that the empirical evidence from previous studies reverses when considering the course composition. This has important implications for policy conclusions.
The groups (2, 𝑚 | 𝑛, 𝑘 | 1, 𝑞): Finiteness and homotopy
Authors: Bennett Edward , Dennis Mark , Edjvet Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We initiate the study of the groups

(
l
,
m
∣
n
,
k
∣
p
,
q
)

(l,m\mid n,k\mid p,q)

defined by the presentation

⟨

a
,
b

∣

a
l

,

b
m

,

(

a
⁢
b

)

n

,

(

a
p

⁢

b
q

)

k

⟩

\langle a,b\mid a^{l},b^{m},(ab)^{n},(a^{p}b^{q})^{k}\rangle

.
When

p
=
1

p=1

and

q
=

m
-
1

q=m-1

, we obtain the group

(
l
,

m
∣

n
,
k

)

(l,m\mid n,k)

, first systematically studied by Coxeter in 1939.
In this paper, we restrict ourselves to the case

l
=
2

l=2

and

1
n

+

1
k

≤

1
2

\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{k}\leq\frac{1}{2}

and give a complete determination as to which of the resulting groups are finite.
We also, under certain broadly defined conditions, calculate generating sets for the second homotopy group

π
2

⁢

(
Z
)

\pi_{2}(Z)

, where 𝑍 is the space formed by attaching 2-cells corresponding to

(

a
⁢
b

)

n

(ab)^{n}

and

(

a
⁢

b
q

)

k

(ab^{q})^{k}

to the wedge sum of the Eilenberg–MacLane spaces 𝑋 and 𝑌, where

π
1

⁢

(
X
)

≅

C
2

\pi_{1}(X)\cong C_{2}

and

π
1

⁢

(
Y
)

≅

C
m

\pi_{1}(Y)\cong C_{m}

; in particular,

π
1

(
Z
)

≅

(
2
,
m
∣
n
,
k
∣
1
,
q
)

\pi_{1}(Z)\cong(2,m\mid n,k\mid 1,q)

.
Ambarzumyan-type theorem for the impulsive Sturm–Liouville operator
Authors: Zhang Ran , Yang Chuan-Fu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We prove that if the Neumann eigenvalues of the impulsive Sturm–Liouville operator

-

D
2

+
q

{-D^{2}+q}

in

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
π
)

{L^{2}(0,\pi)}

coincide with those of the Neumann Laplacian, then

q
=
0

{q=0}

.
After the Backlash: Populism and the Politics and Ethics of Migration
Authors: Macedo Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the U.S., and elsewhere, populism has been democracy’s way of shaking elites up. We can view populism in part as a revolt of the losers, or perceived losers, of globalization. Yet elites have often paid too little heed to the domestic distributive impact of high immigration and globalized trade. Immigration and globalization are also spurring forms of nativism and demagoguery that threaten both democratic deliberation and undermine progressive political coalitions. The challenge now is to find the most reasonable – or least unreasonable – responses to the new politics of resentment: ways that recognize that egalitarian liberalism and social democracy are national projects and preserve progressive political coalitions, while also acknowledging our interconnections, duties, and moral obligations to those beyond our borders.
Divisible extension of probability
Authors: Frič Roman , Eliaš Peter , Papčo Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We outline the transition from classical probability space (Ω, A, p) to its "divisible" extension, where (as proposed by L. A. Zadeh) the σ-field A of Boolean random events is extended to the class 𝓜(A) of all measurable functions into [0,1] and the σ-additive probability measure p on A is extended to the probability integral ∫(·) dp on 𝓜(A). The resulting extension of (Ω, A,p) can be described as an epireflection reflecting A to 𝓜(A) and p to ∫(·) dp.
The transition from A to 𝓜(A), resembling the transition from whole numbers to real numbers, is characterized by the extension of two-valued Boolean logic on A to multivalued Łukasiewicz logic on 𝓜(A) and the divisibility of random events: for each random event u ∈ 𝓜(A) and each positive natural number n we have u/n ∈ 𝓜(A) and ∫(u/n) dp = (1/n) ∫u dp.
From the viewpoint of category theory, objects are of the form 𝓜(A), morphisms are observables from one object into another one and serve as channels through which stochastic information is conveyed.
We study joint random experiments and asymmetrical stochastic dependence/independence of one constituent experiment on the other one. We present a canonical construction of conditional probability so that observables can be viewed as conditional probabilities.
In the present paper we utilize various published results related to "quantum and fuzzy" generalizations of the classical theory, but our ultimate goal is to stress mathematical (categorical) aspects of the transition from classical to what we call divisible probability.
Crystal structure of diethyl 3,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6,12-diphenyl-3,9-diazapentacyclo[6.4.0.02,7.04,11]dodecane-1,5-dicarboxylate, C40H36F2N2O4
Authors: Shao Han-Qiao , Lu Yuan-Ming , Lin Qi-Wei , Wang Yu-Cai , Xie Yue-Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C40H36F2N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.0755(7) Å, b = 19.7663(19) Å, c = 10.1987(9) Å, β = 95.940(2)°, V = 1619.2(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0465, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1188, T = 296 K.
Seasonal and annual variability in chlorophyll-a in the shelf region of the Northern Bay of Bengal using MODIS-Aqua data
Authors: Abdur Rouf Muhammad , Antu Al-Hasan , Noor Imran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is an important issue in ocean ecosystem management and research. This study investigates seasonal and annual variability in Chl-a and its relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) and river discharge in the shelf region of the Northern Bay of Bengal (BoB), as well as validates satellite data against in-situ data. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite data on Chl-a concentration and SST from 2002–2018 were used in this study. River discharge data were obtained from the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). The annual Chl-a concentration ranged from 2.08 to 2.94 mg m−3, with an average of 2.43 ± 0.24 mg m−3. The Chl-a concentration was found higher (2.21 ± 0.56 mg m−3) during the northeast monsoon (October–February) and lower (1.81 ± 1.14 mg m−3) during the pre-monsoon season (March–May). The study revealed a declining trend in Chl-a concentration from 2002 to 2018, and the rate of change was −0.0183 mg m−3 year−1. Chl-a concentration showed a weak inverse relationship with SST, both annually and seasonally, especially in the pre-monsoon season. River discharge masked the effect of SST on Chl-a variability during the southwest and northeast monsoon. A reasonable correlation (r = 0.78) was found between the MODIS-Aqua data and in-situ Chl-a observations.
Assessment of the roles and farmer-preferred traits of sweetpotato in a crop-livestock farming system in Rwanda: implications for breeding dual-purpose varieties
Authors: Shumbusha Damien , Shimelis Hussein , Laing Mark , Rukundo Placide 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Rwanda, sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is a highly valued crop in a crop-livestock mixed farming system. The objective of this study was to assess the role of sweetpotato in the crop-livestock farming system, to identify farmer-preferred traits, and to establish farmer-led priorities in breeding dual-purpose varieties (DPVs) in Rwanda. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted in three selected districts of Rwanda, namely, Bugesera, Huye, and Nyagatare. Data on the uses of sweetpotato and farmers’ trait preferences in sweetpotato varieties were collected and analysed. In Huye District, a high percent (56.7%) of respondents consumed sweetpotato every day, followed by Nyagatare with 53.3% consuming it at least twice a week. Most farmers (52.2%) used sweetpotato vines for livestock feed, depending on their availability. All respondents wanted to grow new sweetpotato varieties with improved root production combined with high aboveground biomass. About 87.7, 66.6, 56.6, and 51.1% of the respondents indicated that root-related traits of the crop such as high dry matter content (DMC), red skin colour, marketable root size, and yellow flesh colour were additional preferred traits, respectively. Therefore, farmers-preferred DPVs with improved root and green fodder yields could be developed to enhance the sustainable production and adoption of sweetpotato in a mixed farming system in Rwanda.
Überdosierungen von Heroin
Authors: Schneider Sven , Beisel Larissa 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Heroinbezogene Überdosierungen machen den Hauptanteil aller Todesfälle durch illegale Substanzen aus. Hierzulande existieren jedoch kaum empirische Studien zu den Risikofaktoren. Wir berichten den internationalen Forschungsstand auf Basis eines narrativen Reviews.
Inferring dynamic gene regulatory networks with low-order conditional independencies – an evaluation of the method
Authors: Ajmal Hamda B. , Madden Michael G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over a decade ago, Lèbre (2009) proposed an inference method, G1DBN, to learn the structure of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from high dimensional, sparse time-series gene expression data. Their approach is based on concept of low-order conditional independence graphs that they extend to dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). They present results to demonstrate that their method yields better structural accuracy compared to the related Lasso and Shrinkage methods, particularly where the data is sparse, that is, the number of time measurements n is much smaller than the number of genes p. This paper challenges these claims using a careful experimental analysis, to show that the GRNs reverse engineered from time-series data using the G1DBN approach are less accurate than claimed by Lèbre (2009). We also show that the Lasso method yields higher structural accuracy for graphs learned from the simulated data, compared to the G1DBN method, particularly when the data is sparse (

n
<
<
p

$n{< }{< }p$

). The Lasso method is also better than G1DBN at identifying the transcription factors (TFs) involved in the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Malerei als Augentrug. Alexander Roslins Selbstporträt mit Marie-Suzanne Giroust-Roslin an der Staffelei
Authors: Koos Marianne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines the unique self-portrait of Alexander Roslin and his artist wife, Marie- Suzanne Giroust-Roslin (1767, Stockholm, Nationalmuseum), in which a male painter for once leaves the place at the easel to a painting woman. This complex multi-figure painting not only commemorates the couple’s friendship with the sitter, Henrik Villhelm Peill. Rather, it is conceived as a double image of love and advertisement – especially for her art. Further, with this painting Roslin takes a programmatic stand for his own concept of painting as much as for that of his wife: Criticized by Denis Diderot in 1765 for not painting but – like women at the toilet table – literally applying makeup, in this selfportrait with his painting wife Roslin undertakes a conspicuous narrowing of these (so different) activities. Roslin takes up the reproach of beautiful appearance and deception in order to let this criticism collapse in a second moment in the artistic concept of the artful deception of the eye – in a deceptively real painting, which – unlike women’s makeup – negates all difference between being and appearance. An in-depth analysis of the extraordinarily refined self-portrait of Madame Roslin with the laughing self-portrait of Maurice-Quentin de La Tour supports this interpretation. In a broader perspective this study is understood as a contribution to the investigation into the metaphorization of painting layers, picture surfaces, and forms of color application in pre-modern art and art criticism.
EFECTOS DE LA INTENSIDAD DE NADO EN EL RENDIMIENTO DEL TRIATLON
Authors: Barragán R. , González-Ravé J.M. , González-Mohíno F. , Yustres I. , Juárez Santos-García D. 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de diferentes intensidades de nado en los sectores de ciclismo y carrera a pie y en el rendimiento final del triatlón sprint. Métodos: Siete triatletas sub23 y Absolutos (altura de 1,74 ± 0,04 m, peso de 70,82 ± 6,76 kg, edad de 23,42 ± 3,25 años, VO2 max de 63,54 ± 5,23 ml·kg-1·min-1) participaron en este estudio. Realizaron tres triatlones completos a intensidades de nado diferentes (70%, 80% y 90% de un test de 750m previo). Se midió la frecuencia cardíaca y el lactato al finalizar cada sector y el triatlón completo. Resultados: La intensidad de nado del 90% obtuvo el mejor rendimiento final. El lactato y frecuencia cardíaca en el sector de nado para esta condición incrementó significativamente, sin diferencias en los sectores siguientes. Conclusiones: Basándonos en la muestra estudiada, el rendimiento final en un triatlón sprint parece estar condicionado por la intensidad de nado, siendo el 90% la mejor intensidad observada en triatletas moderadamente entrenados.
Importations andalouses et valenciennes de céramiques au bleu de cobalt et lustre en domaine Zayyānide (Tlemcen)
Authors: Djellid Akila 
Published: December 2020

Les céramiques bleues et lustrées ont connu une grande diffusion dans le bassin méditerranéen entre le XIIIe et le XVe siècle, atteignant l’Europe du Nord, le Proche-Orient et l’Égypte. Les ateliers de la Péninsule Ibérique, en particulier ceux situés à Malaga et à Valence ont été les principales provenances de différents sites maghrébins, tels que Tunis et Bejaïa, où a été trouvé ce type de céramique, dont l’origine est toujours controversée. À ces derniers, vient s’ajouter le petit lot bleu et/ou lustré découvert à Tlemcen dans la citadelle zayyanide d’al-Mishwār. Ces découvertes attestent de la circulation de ce type de vaisselle au Maghreb central et témoignent des relations culturelles et commerciales entre les Nasrides de Grenade, le royaume d’Aragon et les Zayyānides de Tlemcen. Nous essayerons d’aborder ces céramiques principalement du point de vue morphologique et stylistique afin d’en déterminer l’origine ou le centre de production.
Role of thrombophilia testing in retinal vein occlusion: single centre experience from Oman
Authors: Al Hashmi Khalid N , Al-Ghafri Fahad , Pathare Anil 
Published: December 2020

Thrombophilia is a known predisposition to venous thromboembolism however there was no significant relationship with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Herein, we aimed to study the prevalence of thrombophilia among Omani patients presented with RVO. In a retrospective study, 11 consecutive patients diagnosed by the ophthalmologists at Armed Forces Hospital with RVO (central RVO, n=7; branch RVO, n=4) were included. Thrombophilia testing including factor V Leiden, Prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A) and Janus Kinase-2 (JAK2 V617F) mutation analysis; presence of autoantibodies including Anti-nuclear antibody(ANA), Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), Lupus anticoagulant (LA), Anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA), Anti-B2 glycoprotein positivity; abnormal coagulation protein levels including protein S, Protein C, Anti-thrombin and Factor VIII as well as biochemical parameters like elevated serum lipoprotein 1a, triglycerides, total cholesterol and homocysteine levels were performed. Patient’s ages ranged between 25 to 75 years (mean + SD; 48.8 + 13.6) with a mild male preponderance (54.5%). None of them gave history of smoking. However, 27.3% and 45.5% had history of diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Amongst the thrombophilia tests evaluated, only one patient was positive for an underlying Prothrombin gene (G20210A) heterozygosity, another patient was positive for Anti-beta2 glycoprotein antibody and one patient with high serum homocystine. Our study demonstrated that thrombophilia is not prevalent in omani patients diagnosed with RVO in the armed forces hospital. Furthermore, 27.3% and 45.5% of those patients were suffering from diabetes and hypertension, respectively which are known risk factors for RVO.
Evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness by optical coherence tomography in emmetropic and myopic patients
Authors: Mehrotra Gopesh , Tripathi Vanchha , Chander Ashish , Ansari Munavvar 
Published: December 2020

In myopic eyes, the elongation of the globe leads to mechanical stretching and thinning of the retina. Therefore, it is conceivable that the extent of the elongation would be related to the degree of retinal thinning, although it is yet to be ascertained whether the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness is decreased at the histologic level. To evaluate RNFL by OCT in Emmetropic and Myopic patients and evaluate the relationship between RNFL thickness and the grade of myopia and Axial Length. The present study was carried out at the department of ophthalmology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad. Peripapillary RNFL thickness of all subjects were tabulated for group 1 (emmetropics) and Group 2 comparing them to grades of myopia, axial length, age, refractive status and cup disc ratio. The mean right and left side axial length was significantly more among myopic subjects compared to emmetropic subjects. The mean RNFL superior, Inferior, Temporal and Nasal was significantly more among emmetropic compared to low myopia which was significantly more than moderate myopia which was significantly more than high myopia thereby showing a decrease in the RNFL thickness with grades of myopia. We observed that with increasing grades of myopia the RNFL thickness decreased. On comparing emmetropes and myopes on the basis of axial length, we observed that with increasing axial length in various degrees of myopia, the average RNFL thickness also decreased in various quadrants.
Study of dry eye in diabetes mellitus type II and it’s association with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Reddy O Revana , Asritha B , Sushma K 
Published: December 2020

Dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy are complications in diabetes mellitus. However association between diabetes mellitus type II and dry eye disease are still unclear. Objectives of this study objective is was to analyse association between dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A prospective study on seventy patients of diabetis mellitus type II/patients undergone indirect ophthalmoscopy and retinal photography, and the dry eye syndrome analysis using tear break up time and Schirmer tests. Diabetic retinopathy was graded.: In this study, there was no association identified among the age, sex & duration of diabetes mellitus type II disease and diabetic retinopathy. 52.8% (n=37) patients were observed to be suffering from dry eye syndrome and it was common in older and female patients. Diabetic retniopathy observed in 67.1%(n=47) patients. Upon classification, 34.2% (n=24) belongs to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 27.1% (n=19)belong to severe NPDR and 5.7% (n=4) belongs to proliferative DR. TBUP was observed as ≤10 seconds. Moderate NPDR was significantly high in diabetes mellitus type II patients with dry eye disease. Statistically significant association observed between diabetic retinopathy and dry eye disease. The dry eye disease prevalence observed as 52.8% patients. Statistically significant association observed between severity of dry eye disease with duration of diabetes mellitus disease and the degree of diabetic retinopathy. There was significant association identified between diabetic retinopathy and dry eye disease.
Research on Cultivation Ways of New-Type Professional Farmers under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy
Authors: Chen Shijie 
Published: December 2020

<p>Due to the focus on solving the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and peasantry, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed a rural revitalization strategy. In this era, new-type professional farmers came into being. They helped the development of agriculture and accelerated the process of rural revitalization. However, there are still some obvious problems which urgently need to take corresponding improvement measures in the cultivation and development of new-type professional farmers. To solve these problems, it is required to set a premium on basic education in rural areas and promote advanced technology; cultivate correct professional values and improve the social status of farmers; adhere to the training model that combines theory with practice and enrich teaching methods; pay attention to the targeted training of talents at different levels and form reasonable teaching structures; coordinate agricultural development planning and develop regional characteristic agriculture.</p>