bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word‐of‐mouth information processing routes: The mediating role of message and source characteristics
Authors: Le Tri D. , Robinson Linda J. , Dobele Angela R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates word‐of‐mouth (WOM) information processing routes from active WOM seeking behaviour. Employing the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), the direct and indirect effects of factors within information processing routes are examined in a credence service context. A deeper exploration of the causal chains of each route was conducted using serial mediation models of message quality and source characteristics. Data were collected in the higher education context from a survey of 509 high school students applying for tertiary study. Findings indicate that active WOM seeking and the serial mediation effects elicit two routes of information processing: central and peripheral. This study is amongst the first to intensively reveal the underlying causal chains of WOM processing and supports the application of ELM theory in WOM research.
Characterization of white flour produced from roasted wheats differing in hardness and protein content
Authors: Germishuys Zandré , Delcour Jan A. , Deleu Lomme J. , Manley Marena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesRoasting of cereals can improve sensory properties and increase shelf‐life of products made thereof. Here, the physicochemical properties of white flour from roasted wheats differing in hardness and protein content were characterized.FindingsHard, soft, and intermediate texture wheat kernels were roasted for 140 s at 180°C. Roasting of hard wheat resulted in the largest reduction in hectoliter mass (7.36 kg/hl), flour yield (2.33%), and moisture content (2.87%). The largest increase in flour ash (0.06%) and damaged starch (4.54%) was observed for the soft and hard wheats, respectively. A gluten network did not form during dough mixing with any of the resultant flours. When composite flours were prepared (80% untreated flour and 20% flour from roasted wheat), the water absorption capacity of the medium‐textured wheat composite flour displayed the largest decrease (5.2%) compared to the control. Hard and medium‐textured roasted wheats had improved Chopin P/L ratios and higher levels of free starch than the control.ConclusionsPrior roasting impacts wheat flour milling characteristics. Roasting has a greater effect on hard and medium‐textured wheats than on soft wheat.Significance and noveltyRoasting of wheat prior to milling results in flour which alone or in composites prepared with regular flour has unique functionalities.
Ethanol as a Binder to Fabricate a Highly‐Efficient Capsule‐Structured CuO−ZnO−Al2O3@HZSM‐5 Catalyst for Direct Production of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas
Authors: Guo Yongle , Zhao Zhongkui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work reports a highly efficient capsule‐structured CuO−ZnO−Al2O3@HZSM‐5 (CZA@HZSM‐5‐EtOH) core‐shell catalyst for the direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether by a facile physical coating method with ethanol as a binder through coating micrometer‐sized HZSM‐5 shell on the prior‐shaped millimeter‐sized CZA core, it shows 2.9 times higher CO conversion with the 2.7 times higher turnover frequency and 9.2 times higher dimethyl ether space‐time yield of the CZA@HZSM‐5‐SS catalyst prepared by a similar process but with silica sol as a binder (315.5 vs 34.3 gDME kgcat−1 h−1). The relationship between the structure and performance was explored by a variety of characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and H2‐TPR after oxidation of the samples by N2O. CZA@HZSM‐5‐EtOH can be considered as a highly efficient and practical catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas. This work presents a new avenue to design other bifunctional catalysts for the cascade reactions in which the raw materials can be converted into an intermediate over the core and then the as‐formed intermediate over the core can be subsequently converted into the final product.
Experimental Investigation of Droplet Entrainment in the Feed Section of Distillation Columns
Authors: Darvishsefat Novin , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDroplet entrainment was investigated in the feed section of distillation columns for multiple feed inlet devices under different flow conditions. Entrainments from two‐phase flow regimes were measured in the feed section of a column with an air and water system. A new feed inlet device named demister flash box was developed. Measurements with two‐phase flow regime in the feed pipe indicated that the demister flash box had the lowest entrainment. Experiments with a surfactant in water due to low surface tension demonstrated that the entrainment was higher compared to water. In addition, entrainment determinations with high droplet flow rate from a spray nozzle in feed were conducted. The results indicated that the V baffle had the lowest entrainment.
Chlorine‐Promoted Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Biocarbon Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Cai Xiaosen , Qin Binhao , Li Yuhang , Zhang Qiao , Yang Guangxing , Wang Hongjuan , Cao Yonghai , Yu Hao , Peng Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high value‐added products is a forward‐looking work, and has a good application prospect in mitigating energy crisis and climate problems. Recently, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECRR) has attracted wide attention because of its controllable target products and high conversion efficiency. Here, a sulfur‐nitrogen co‐doped porous biocarbon catalyst derived from biomass lignin is reported, which has a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95.9 % for ECRR to CO at a low overpotential of 490 mV and the corresponding average current density and yield of CO are −1.98 mA cm−2 and 8.8 L m−2 h−1, respectively. During up to 18 hours of stability test, there was no significant change in catalyst activity and selectivity of CO and H2. Besides, we systematically demonstrated that nitrogen doping is beneficial to the selectivity for ECRR to CO, and the adsorbed chlorine on the surface of biocarbon derived from hydrochloric acid washing greatly enhances the activity of ECRR, and thereby increases the yield of CO.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Lithium Carboxylate 2D Compounds as High‐Performance Anodes for Li−Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Lin Yichao , Chen Liang , Wang Deyu , Hu Hefeng , Shen Cai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe large‐scale utilization of Li‐ion batteries in electric vehicles requires urgent development of cost‐effective and high‐performance electrode materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of conjugated carboxylate (Li4C8H2O6) and non‐conjugated carboxylate (Li4C4H2O6) by using a simple solvothermal method and its utilization as anode materials in Li‐ion batteries. Atomic force microscopy reveals that as‐prepared Li4C8H2O6 and Li4C4H2O6 possess a sheet‐like morphology with a thickness of 3–5 nm. An initial discharge capacities of 251.7 mAh/g and 251.6 mAh/g at a current density of 50 mA/g can be obtained for Li4C8H2O6 and Li4C4H2O6, respectively. In addition, Li4C8H2O6 is combined with a small amount (5 wt. %) of graphene and nano‐Si to enhance the cyclic performance and specific capacity. Consequently, Li4C8H2O6/graphene and Li4C8H2O6/nano‐Si composites rendered a high discharge capacity of 350 mAh/g and 240 mAh/g, respectively, at a relatively higher current density of 100 mA/g. These results demonstrate that lithium carboxylates are promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries.
External quality assessment demonstrates that PD‐L1 22C3 and SP263 assays are systematically different
Authors: Dodson Andrew , Parry Suzanne , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit , Haragan Alex , Allen David , O'Grady Anthony , McClean Emma , Hughes Jamie , Miller Keith , Thunnissen Erik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPD‐L1 inhibitors are part of first line treatment options for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer. PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays act as either a companion or a complementary diagnostic. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of external quality assurance (EQA) provider UK NEQAS ICC and ISH with the comparison of different PD‐L1 assays used in daily practice. Three EQA rounds (pilot, run A and run B) were carried out using formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples with sample sets covering a range of epitope concentrations, including ‘critical samples’ near to clinical threshold cut‐offs. An expert panel (n = 4) evaluated all returned slides simultaneously and independently on a multi‐header microscope together with the participants own in‐house control material. The tonsil sample was evaluated as ‘acceptable’ or ‘unacceptable’, and for the other samples the percentage of PD‐L1 stained tumour cells were estimated in predetermined categories (<1%, 1 to <5%, 5 to <10%, 10 to <25%, 25 to <50%, 50 to <80%, 80 to 100%). In the pilot and the two subsequent runs the number of participating laboratories was 43, 69 and 76, respectively. The pass rate for the pilot run was 67%; this increased to 81% at run A and 82% at run B. For two ‘critical samples’, in runs A and B, 22C3 IHC had significantly higher PD‐L1 expression than SP263 IHC (p < 0.001), whilst the PD‐L1 scores for the other six samples were similar for all assays. In run A the laboratory developed tests (LDTs) using 22C3 scored lower than the commercial 22C3 tests (p = 0.01). After the initial testing, improvement in performance of PD‐L1 IHC is shown for approved and LDT PD‐L1 assays. Equivalency of approved PD‐L1 22C3 and SP263 assays cannot be assumed as the scores cross the clinically relevant thresholds of 1% and 50% PD‐L1 expression.
Using ranked set sampling with binary outcomes in cluster randomized designs
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Wang Mumu , Lim Johan , Ahn Soohyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study the use of ranked set sampling (RSS) with binary outcomes in cluster‐randomized designs (CRDs), where a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is used to model the hierarchical data structure involved. Under the GLMM‐based framework, we propose three different approaches to estimate the treatment effect, including the nonparametric (NP), maximum likelihood (ML) and pseudo likelihood (PL) estimators. We investigate their asymptotic properties and examine their finite‐sample performance via simulation. Based on these three RSS estimators, we further develop procedures for testing the existence of the treatment effect. We examine the power and size of our proposed RSS tests and compare them with existing tests based on simple random sampling (SRS). All the proposed RSS estimation and test methods are illustrated with two data examples, one for rare events and the other for non‐extreme events. Throughout our investigations, we also consider the possible effect of imperfect ranking. Among the proposed methods, we provide recommendations on whether to use RSS rather than SRS with binary outcomes in CRDs and, if yes, when to use which RSS method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 342–365; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Integrated Photo‐Responsive Batteries for Solar Energy Harnessing: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Fang Zhengsong , Hu Xuanhe , Yu Dingshan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhoto‐responsive batteries that enable the effective combination of solar harvesting and energy conversion/storage functionalities render a potential solution to achieve the large‐scale utilization of unlimited and cost‐effective solar energy and alleviate the limits of conventional energy storage devices. The internal integration of photo‐responsive electrodes into rechargeable batteries with the simplest two‐electrode configuration is regarded as a reliable and appealing strategy for highly‐efficient and low‐cost utilization of solar energy by simplifying the device architecture and improving the energy efficiency. This progress report provides a brief review on photo‐responsive batteries with integrated two‐electrode configuration that can achieve solar energy conversion/storage in one single device. The basic device architecture, operating principles and practical performance of various photo‐responsive systems based on solar energy harvesting in various batteries including Li ion batteries, Li−S batteries, Li−I batteries, dual‐liquid redox batteries, Li−O2 batteries, non‐Li anode‐O2/air batteries are summarized and discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges regarding the two‐electrode photo‐responsive batteries are proposed.
A Functional Assay to Assess Toxicity During Murine B Cell Development In Vitro
Authors: Guilbert Cynthia , Chou Hsiang , Bolt Alicia M. , Wu Ting Hua , Luo Vincent Mingyi , Orthwein Alexandre , Mann Koren K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractB lymphocytes, or B cells, are important players in immunity that produce antigen‐specific immunoglobulins. As a result, they are involved in various immune‐linked pathologies. To better understand, prevent, or treat B cell–associated disease and immunotoxicity, we developed an in vitro assay to model early murine B cell differentiation within the bone marrow. This model uses sorted B cell precursors cultured on a supporting stromal cell layer, which over time acquire markers of further differentiated B cells, such as surface antigens and rearranged immunoglobulin light chain. Importantly, we utilized our in vitro model to validate our previous observations that xenobiotics, such as tungsten and organotins, alter B cell development in vivo. Furthermore, gene expression can be modulated in this model using retroviral transduction, making it amenable to investigating signaling pathways involved in disruption of B cell differentiation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Assessment of early B lymphocyte differentiation in vitroSupport Protocol: Isolation of murine bone marrowAlternate Protocol 1: Addition of recombinant interleukin‐7Alternate Protocol 2: Genetic manipulation via retroviral transduction
Entrepreneurial orientation and corporate social responsibility performance: An empirical study of state‐controlled and privately controlled firms in China
Authors: Zhuang Yiming , Lee Younggeun , Chang Xinyue , Kim Renee B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role of a firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the advancement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. We argue that a firm's innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking would lead it to employ more socially responsible practices and generate benefits to society. Moreover, we theorize that this influence would differ, depending on the firm ownership. Specifically, our argument is based on the Chinese context where state‐controlled firms dominate the economy. We test our hypotheses by utilizing secondary data on 738 Chinese public firms over an 8‐year period (2008–2015). Our empirical results demonstrate a positive and significant relationship between EO and CSR performance among state‐controlled firms. However, this relationship is not significant among privately controlled firms.
Energy efficiency optimization for device‐to‐device communication underlaying cellular networks in millimeter‐wave
Authors: Zabetian Negar , Mohammadi Abbas , Kazemi Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper studies energy efficiency maximization in device‐to‐device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks in millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) band. A stochastic geometry framework has been used to extract the results. First, cellular and D2D users are modeled by independent homogeneous Poisson point process; then, exact expressions for successful transmission probability of D2D and cellular users have been derived. Furthermore, the average sum rate and energy efficiency for a typical D2D scenario have been presented. An optimization problem subject to transmission power and quality of service constraints for both cellular and D2D users has been defined, and energy efficiency of D2D communication is maximized. Simulation results reveal that by working in millimeter‐wave, significant energy efficiency improvement can be attained, e.g., 20% energy efficiency improvement compared with Rayleigh distribution in the practical scenarios by considering circuit power. Finally, to verify our analytical expressions, the simulation studies are carried out, and the excellent agreements have been achieved.
Mobility advice to help prevent re‐ulceration in diabetes
Authors: Mueller Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClinicians and patients face a dilemma in understanding how best to resume walking after a healed diabetic neuropathic ulcer. The objectives of this brief review are to: provide context for the patient's health and mobility status; propose 5 suggestions to safely and effectively progress mobility following a healed foot ulcer; and to consider topics for future research to improve care in this area. Rates of ulcer recurrence and mortality are high, and activity is low following a diabetic foot wound. Medical and rehabilitation approaches have emphasized protection of the insensitive, fragile foot with the hope to prevent subsequent harm to the foot and person. In particular, the 1–2 months following wound unloading and “healing” have the greatest risk for ulcer recurrence. While early protection should be emphasized, a growing body of evidence suggests that over‐protection of the foot and limited walking can be harmful, presumably because of the negative effects of prolonged immobility and stress protection. Multiple recent studies report the ability of exercise and walking to have a positive effect on various diabetic foot outcomes without additional harm. Much less is known about how an ulcerated foot can resume walking after the wound is healed. This review integrates available guidelines, evidence, and precautions to suggest advice on how best to resume and progress walking in this population at high risk for ulcer recurrence.
Will the climate of plant origins influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on leaves of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment?
Authors: Li Yang , Hou Xiangyang , Li Xiaoting , Zhao Xiao , Wu Zinian , Xiao Yu , Guo Yanjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCuticular wax covering the leaf surface plays important roles in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding the way in which plant leaf cuticles reflect their growing environment could give an insight into plant resilience to future climate change. Here, we analyzed the variations of cuticular waxes among 59 populations of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment, aiming to verify how environmental conditions influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes. In total, eight cuticular wax classes were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, primary alcohols, alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, β‐diketones, and alkylresorcinols, with β‐diketones the predominant compounds in all populations (averaged 67.36% across all populations). Great intraspecific trait variations (ITV) were observed for total wax coverage, wax compositions, and the relative abundance of homologues within each wax class. Cluster analysis based on wax characteristics could separate 59 populations into different clades. However, the populations could not be separated according to their original longitudes, latitudes, annual temperature, or annual precipitation. Redundancy analysis showed that latitude, arid index, and the precipitation from June to August were the most important parameters contributing to the variations of the amount of total wax coverage and wax composition and the relative abundance of wax classes. Pearson's correlation analysis further indicated that the relative abundance of wax classes, homologues in each wax class, and even isomers of certain compound differed in their responses to environmental factors. These results suggested that wax deposition patterns of L. chinensis populations formed during adaptations to their long‐term growing environments could inherit in their progenies and exhibit such inheritance even these progenies were exported to new environments.
Genetic diversity of Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) in Germany, a Crop Wild Relative of celery
Authors: Herden Tobias , Bönisch Maria , Friesen Nikolai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch is threatened by genetic erosion. It is a Crop Wild Relative (CWR) of celery and celeriac and a potentially valuable genetic resource for plant breeding. The objective of this study was the analysis of distribution of genetic diversity with a set of selected populations in Germany. The results of the genetic analysis and data obtained during the site visits were used to identify a subset which was chosen to best represent the genetic diversity of H. repens in Germany. The chance of long‐term conservation by securing the identified populations in genetic reserves is distinctly possible.

Seven hundred and fifteen individuals from 27 sites were assessed using six simple sequence repeat markers. Discriminant analysis of principal components was used to identify six clusters of genetically similar individuals. The complementary compositional genetic differentiation Δj was calculated to designate a subset of populations chosen to best represent the overall genetic diversity. Entry 18R (Δ18R = 0.2498) represented its pooled remainder the best, while entry 22R (Δ22R = 0.4902) differed the most from its complement.

Based on the results of the genetic analysis and information regarding the current conservation status, 14 most appropriate wild populations for potential genetic reserve were identified. The used markers display a low level of genetic variation between the analyzed populations, and a split between Northern and Southern populations was observed.

CWR species are essential genetic resources for plant breeding and food security. However, 11.5% of the European CWRs are threatened. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to determine their genetic compositions. These insights will provide the fundamental basis for making crucial decisions concerning future conservation strategies for H. repens.