bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoadenoma of parathyroid gland : report of a rare case
Authors: Shenoy Ranjeetha , Behl Arun , V. Shantharam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParathyroid adenoma is a rare disease. It is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients are commonly mis-diagnosed and treated symptomatically rather than addressing the main cause. Parathyroid lipo-adenoma is a rare clinico-histological variant of parathyroid adenoma which owing to its bulky nature is found at aberrant locations and generally extends into the mediastinum, thus posing difficulty in diagnosis and surgical exploration. Here we present a young lady with classical signs and symptoms of primary hyper-parathyroidism who underwent excision of the single adenoma, and histologically was a lipoadenoma. This case report highlights the importance of appropriate pre-operative and intra-operative planning and execution for better recovery of the patients.
Requirement for epithelial p38α in KRAS-driven lung tumor progression
Authors: Vitos-Faleato Jessica , Real Sebastián M. , Gutierrez-Prat Nuria , Villanueva Alberto , Llonch Elisabet , Drosten Matthias , Barbacid Mariano , Nebreda Angel R. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Nearly half of the cases of lung cancer bear mutations in the RAS pathway. Unfortunately, no specific drugs are available to successfully target many RAS-driven tumors that are not surgically resectable. Despite the sound rationale for targeting oncogene products for cancer therapeutics, this often leads to development of resistance. As an alternative, nononcogenic proteins can sometimes facilitate tumor progression, and, even though they are neither mutated nor overexpressed in the malignant cells, they may represent potential targets for anticancer therapies. We have found that nononcogenic signaling through p38α plays a tumor-promoting function in lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by inducing the expression of TIMP-1, a growth factor-like protein. We propose that p38α inhibition could be therapeutically useful.
Iterative addition of finite Larmor radius effects to finite element models using wavelet decomposition
Authors: Vallejos P , Johnson T , Ragona R , Eester D Van , Zaar B , Hellsten T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Modeling the propagation and damping of electromagnetic waves in a hot magnetized plasma is difficult due to spatial dispersion. In such media, the dielectric response becomes non-local and the wave equation an integro-differential equation. In the application of RF heating and current drive in tokamak plasmas, the finite Larmor radius (FLR) causes spatial dispersion, which gives rise to physical phenomena such as higher harmonic ion cyclotron damping and mode conversion to electrostatic waves. In this paper, a new numerical method based on an iterative wavelet finite element scheme is presented, which is suitable for adding non-local effects to the wave equation by iterations. To verify the method, we apply it to a case of one-dimensional fast wave heating at the second harmonic ion cyclotron resonance, and study mode conversion to ion Bernstein waves (IBW) in a toroidal plasma. Comparison with a local (truncated FLR) model showed good agreement in general. The observed difference is in the damping of the IBW, where the proposed method predicts stronger damping on the IBW.
The emission of energetic electrons from the complex streamer corona adjacent to leader stepping
Authors: Köhn Christoph , Chanrion Olivier , Nishikawa Kenichi , Babich Leonid , Neubert Torsten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We here propose to model the production of energetic electrons serving as a source of x-rays and γ-rays, associated to electric discharges in preionized and perturbed air. During its stepping, the leader tip is accompanied by a corona consisting of multitudinous streamers perturbing the air in its vicinity and leaving residual charge behind. We explore the relative importance of air perturbations and preionization on the production of energetic runaway electrons by 2.5D cylindrical Monte Carlo particle simulations of streamers in ambient fields of 16 and 50 kV cm−1 at ground. We explore preionization levels between 1010 and 1013 m−3, channel widths between 0.5 and 1.5 times the original streamer widths and air perturbation levels between 0% and 50% of ambient air. We observe that streamers in preionized and perturbed air accelerate more efficiently than in non-ionized and uniform air with air perturbation dominating the streamer acceleration. We find that in unperturbed air and in fields above breakdown strength preionization levels of 1011 m−3 are sufficient to explain significant runaway electron rates. In perturbed air, the production rate of runaway electrons varies from 1010 to 1017 s−1 with maximum electron energies from some hundreds of eV up to some hundreds of keV in fields above and below the breakdown strength with only a marginal effect of the channel radius. Conclusively, the complexity of the streamer zone ahead of leader tips allows explaining the emission of energetic electrons and photons from streamer discharges in fields below and above the breakdown magnitudes.
Entanglement-assisted tunneling dynamics of impurities in a double well immersed in a bath of lattice trapped bosons
Authors: Theel Friethjof , Keiler Kevin , Mistakidis Simeon I , Schmelcher Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We unravel the correlated tunneling dynamics of an impurity trapped in a double well and interacting repulsively with a majority species of lattice trapped bosons. Upon quenching the tilt of the double well it is found that the quench-induced tunneling dynamics depends crucially on the interspecies interaction strength and the presence of entanglement inherent in the system. In particular, for weak couplings the impurity performs a rather irregular tunneling process in the double well. Increasing the interspecies coupling it is possible to control the response of the impurity which undergoes a delayed tunneling while the majority species effectively acts as a material barrier. For very strong interspecies interaction strengths the impurity exhibits a self-trapping behavior. We showcase that a similar tunneling dynamics takes place for two weakly interacting impurities and identify its underlying transport mechanisms in terms of pair and single-particle tunneling processes.
Accelerated weathering studies of bioepoxy/ionic liquid blends: influence on physical, thermo-mechanical, morphology and surface properties
Authors: Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Radoor Sabarish , Hameed Nishar , Siengchin Suchart , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ionic liquids are promising candidates with huge potential in combination with thermosetting polymers. However, the behavior of ionic liquid modified epoxy system towards outdoor environmental conditions are seldom reported. Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of accelerated weathering on ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends. In this work, bio-based epoxy resin and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM[Cl]) ionic liquid blends were prepared by melt mixing method. The concentration of ionic liquid used was 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 phr. The miscibility, morphology, thermo-mechanical, and surface hydrophilicity of the ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends were studied before and after the accelerated weathering test. The miscibility of the blends was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR results demonstrate the presence of charge transfer complexation reaction between ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin. The tensile strength and modulus were reduced while the elongation at break is increased with the addition of ionic liquid. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the bioepoxy blends were reduced with the addition of ionic liquid. The contact angle value increases with the incorporation of up to 10 phr ionic liquid, this is followed by a decrease. The interaction between the ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin has vanished after the weathering test. The elongation at break was reduced dramatically after the weathering test, especially for 20 and 30 phr blends. The thermal stability of the weathered samples is similar to that of the samples before weathering. While the T

g
values of the blends are stable with respect to neat bioepoxy resin. On the other hand, the contact angle value of the bioepoxy blends increased after the weathering test due to the increased surface roughness after weathering.
Topological analysis of pattern formation in cooling granular gases confined by elastic wall
Authors: Yano Ryosuke , Kim Minkyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the topological characteristics of the pattern formation in the cooling granular gases confined by the elastic wall. The persistent homology and Voronoi’s analysis and its derivative analyses are applied to accomplish our aim. The growth of the pattern formation can be identified by the switch between the logarithmic concave and logarithmic convex in the life-span-distribution obtained using the persistence diagram. Furthermore, three phases are identified by the zeroth or first order Betti number, when a form of the wall is the square. Finally, the characteristics of the coordination of granular particles condensing around the elastic wall are investigated by the Voronoi’s analysis, bond-angle analysis, and polyhedral template matching. We confirm that some clusters of the granular particles condensing around the elastic spherical-wall certainly attribute to their crystallization categorized as the typical coordination.
Benchmark solutions of the stabilized computations of flows of fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive model
Authors: Abuga J G , Chinyoka T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that flow induced non-uniformities of concentration can trigger shear banding in the flow of certain viscoelastic fluids. These studies show that the driving mechanisms for such shear banding are related to the coupling of the polymer stresses to an inhomogeneous concentration profile. The Rolie-Poly (RP) viscoelastic constitutive model has been used in such studies since it has been comprehensively subjected to extensive experimental validation with regards to shear banding and has the demonstrated ability to accurately express the rheology of polymer solutions for a wide range of strain rates. The primary aim of this work is to develop an efficient computational methodology that could be used to accurately simulate the flow of complex fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive equation. The development of such a computational platform is crucially important for the purposes of our follow up studies on the computational analysis of shear banding phenomena by coupling polymer stress with inhomogeneous concentration profile. Our numerical algorithms will be based on the finite volume method (FVM) and will be implemented on the open source software package OpenFOAM®. In this paper, we will present both validation results as well as new benchmark results from our FVM based OpenFOAM® numerical solver for flow of fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive model. We use two well-known benchmark problems, the lid-driven cavity flow and the 4:1 planar contraction flow problems. In order to stabilize the numerical algorithm at high Weissenberg numbers, we employ either of two stabilization techniques; the Discrete Elastic Viscous Stress Splitting (DEVSS) technique as well as the Log-Conformation Reformulation (LCR) methodology. Validation of our results is done by comparing our (stabilized) numerical results, against data from existing literature. The numerical results obtained for the contraction flow using the LCR stabilization approach are in good agreement with the existing literature for a wider range of Weissenberg numbers. The DEVSS method shows a good agreement only for lower Weissenberg numbers. For the lid-driven cavity flow, good agreement with the existing literature is observed for low Weissenberg numbers using either of the two stabilization techniques.
The optical properties of the Woodburytype—an alternative printing technique based on a gelatine/pigment matrix
Authors: Leech D J , Guy W , Klein S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Woodburytype is a 19th century photomechanical printing method, producing high-quality continuous-tone images that use a suspension of carbon black in gelatine as a relief print, in which the variation in height of the print produces the grayscale and contrast. We propose a phenomenological optical model for the process based on Kubelka-Munk theory that considers the ink formulation, the print height and the substrate surface in order to provide the ideal combination of printing depth and contrast.
Sets of universal sequences for the symmetric group and analogous semigroups
Authors: Hyde J. , Jonušas J. , Mitchell J. , Péresse Y. 
Published: January 2020

Auniversal sequencefor a group or semigroupSSis a sequence of wordsw1,w2,…w_1, w_2, \ldotssuch that for any sequences1,s2,…∈Ss_1, s_2, \ldots \in S, the equationswn=snw_n = s_n,n∈Nn\in \mathbb {N}, can be solved simultaneously inSS. For example, Galvin showed that the sequence(a−1(anba−n)b−1(anb−1a−n)ba)n∈N(a^{-1}(a^nba^{-n})b^{-1}(a^nb^{-1}a^{-n})ba)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}is universal for the symmetric groupSym⁡(X)\operatorname {Sym}(X)whenXXis infinite, and Sierpiński showed that(a2b3(abab3)n+1ab2ab3)n∈N(a ^2 b ^3 (abab ^3) ^{n + 1} ab ^2 ab ^3)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}is universal for the monoidXXX ^Xof functions from the infinite setXXto itself.

In this paper, we show that under some conditions, the set of universal sequences for the symmetric group on an infinite setXXis independent of the cardinality ofXX. More precisely, we show that ifYYis any set such that|Y|≥|X||Y| \geq |X|, then every universal sequence forSym⁡(X)\operatorname {Sym}(X)is also universal forSym⁡(Y)\operatorname {Sym}(Y). If|X|>2ℵ0|X| > 2 ^{\aleph _0}, then the converse also holds. It is shown that an analogue of this theorem holds in the context of inverse semigroups, where the role of the symmetric group is played by the symmetric inverse monoid. In the general context of semigroups, the full transformation monoidXXX ^Xis the natural analogue of the symmetric group and the symmetric inverse monoid. IfXXandYYare arbitrary infinite sets, then it is an open question as to whether or not every sequence that is universal forXXX ^Xis also universal forYYY ^Y. However, we obtain a sufficient condition for a sequence to be universal forXXX ^Xwhich does not depend on the cardinality ofXX. A large class of sequences satisfies this condition, and hence is universal forXXX ^Xfor every infinite setXX.
Dietary vitamin D in female rock lizards induces condition-transfer effects in their offspring
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Gonzalo , López Pilar , Martín José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne way that maternal effects may benefit the offspring is by informing them about the characteristics of the environment. Through gestation, environmentally induced maternal effects might promote in the offspring-specific behavioral responses like dispersal or residence according to their new habitat characteristics. Females of the Carpetan rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni) seem to choose their home ranges using the smell of provitamin D3 in scent marks produced by males. Here, we supplemented gravid females of I. cyreni with dietary provitamin D3 or vitamin D3 to examine whether these food resources, also associated with the scent of males, affect the motivation to disperse and the locomotor performance of their offspring. Our results suggest that the supplementary availability of the resource (vitamin D3) to mothers may provoke condition-transfer maternal effects that motivate the residence or the dispersal of the offspring in their postnatal habitat. Thus, hatchlings of supplemented females had a lower dispersal trend in spite of having a greater climbing ability than hatchlings from nonsupplemented females. This suggests that the levels of provitamin D3 and vitamin D3 inside the body of the mother could act as an informative compound of the habitat quality for the offspring.
Toward a high-quality pan-genome landscape ofBacillus subtilisby removal of confounding strains
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Dan , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPan-genome analysis is widely used to study the evolution and genetic diversity of species, particularly in bacteria. However, the impact of strain selection on the outcome of pan-genome analysis is poorly understood. Furthermore, a standard protocol to ensure high-quality pan-genome results is lacking. In this study, we carried out a series of pan-genome analyses of different strain sets of Bacillus subtilis to understand the impact of various strains on the performance and output quality of pan-genome analyses. Consequently, we found that the results obtained by pan-genome analyses of B. subtilis can be influenced by the inclusion of incorrectly classified Bacillus subspecies strains, phylogenetically distinct strains, engineered genome-reduced strains, chimeric strains, strains with a large number of unique genes or a large proportion of pseudogenes, and multiple clonal strains. Since the presence of these confounding strains can seriously affect the quality and true landscape of the pan-genome, we should remove these deviations in the process of pan-genome analyses. Our study provides new insights into the removal of biases from confounding strains in pan-genome analyses at the beginning of data processing, which enables the achievement of a closer representation of a high-quality pan-genome landscape of B. subtilis that better reflects the performance and credibility of the B. subtilis pan-genome. This procedure could be added as an important quality control step in pan-genome analyses for improving the efficiency of analyses, and ultimately contributing to a better understanding of genome function, evolution and genome-reduction strategies for B. subtilis in the future.
A Domain-General Cognitive Core Defined in Multimodally Parcellated Human Cortex
Authors: Assem Moataz , Glasser Matthew F , Van Essen David C , Duncan John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Numerous brain imaging studies identified a domain-general or “multiple-demand” (MD) activation pattern accompanying many tasks and may play a core role in cognitive control. Though this finding is well established, the limited spatial localization provided by traditional imaging methods precluded a consensus regarding the precise anatomy, functional differentiation, and connectivity of the MD system. To address these limitations, we used data from 449 subjects from the Human Connectome Project, with the cortex of each individual parcellated using neurobiologically grounded multimodal MRI features. The conjunction of three cognitive contrasts reveals a core of 10 widely distributed MD parcels per hemisphere that are most strongly activated and functionally interconnected, surrounded by a penumbra of 17 additional areas. Outside cerebral cortex, MD activation is most prominent in the caudate and cerebellum. Comparison with canonical resting-state networks shows MD regions concentrated in the fronto-parietal network but also engaging three other networks. MD activations show modest relative task preferences accompanying strong co-recruitment. With distributed anatomical organization, mosaic functional preferences, and strong interconnectivity, we suggest MD regions are well positioned to integrate and assemble the diverse components of cognitive operations. Our precise delineation of MD regions provides a basis for refined analyses of their functions.
Clinical Significance of the Magnesium : Calcium Ratio
Authors: Friedman Howard S , Rubin Martin A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. The Schwartzenbach method has been adapted for the simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in serum and spinal fluid. The method appears to be adaptable to all body fluids, including thoracic and abdominal transudates and exudates. Its use in the clinical laboratory is recommended because of the great saving of time, particularly in the determination of magnesium.
2. A series of 100 pathologic cases of various clinical entities has been analyzed by the new method and checked with the standard methods. A calculation and statistical analysis has revealed the Mg/Ca molar ratio to be of possible clinical significance.
Estimation of Hydrocortisone Secretion
Authors: Silber Robert H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method has been described for the estimation of the secretion of hydrocortisone by the adrenals of man, based exclusively upon urinary-excretion data. In an 8-hour period (8:30 A.M.-4:30 P.M.)5 subjects secreted an average of 13.8 mg. of hydrocortisone. In 1 subject ACTH was found to increase the adrenal output whereas aspirin, ascorbic acid, and Pyribenzamine had little, if any, effect.
The possible application of the approach to the measurement of the formation of other substances in the body has been noted.
Quantitative Identification of Urinary Calculi
Authors: Leonard Reid H , Butt Arthur J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quantitative determination of calcium, phosphorus, and oxalic acid, assisted by occasional determination of ammonia nitrogen and insoluble nitrogen when indicated by qualitative tests, provides a means of computing the component substances of calculi. The determinations may be performed by slight modifications of the methods in use in the routine clinical chemistry laboratory, although flame photometry is particularly convenient for the determination of calcium.
The Correspondence with Beer's Law for the Optical Density of Stained Protein Patterns on Filter Paper as a Function of Surface Protein Concentration
Authors: Rees V H , Laurence D J R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The results obtained here consistently failed to show deviations from Beer's law for optical densities less than 1.4, and the use of scanning as a convenient method for differential protein estimations would appear to be justified. The methods described may enable other workers to make similar tests of the method with a minimum of preliminary development, and some may succeed in obtaining significant failure of Beer's law in their apparatus. The use of apparatus of this type would enable the variation of the deviations with arrangement of the optical system, etc., to be worked out, but the following experimental conditions are already known to lead to significant deviations:
1. Use of dry paper instead of lightly oiled paper.
2. An inadequate light ifiter for the photocell.
3. An illuminated slit too long to be completely covered by the protein pattern.
4. Variations in protein density over the slit, either because the slit is too wide or because the protein pattern has been applied unevenly.
5. Use of low quality ifiter paper containing "pin holes."
6. A dye uptake which is not proportional to protein content of the paper [Martin and Franglen (14)].
The failure of Crook, Harris, and Warren (4) to substantiate Beer's law does not indicate the most general situation for the application of the scanning method.
The application of Beer's logarithmic law to the scanning of dyed protein patterns has been investigated by methods described in detail. No deviations could be found for optical densities less than 1.4 for amidoschwarz 1OB or less than 1.1 for azocarmine B staining. The scanning method can be used for evaluation of protein fractions if care is taken.