bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoscape of amount-weighted annual mean precipitation tritium (3H) activity from 1976 to 2017 for the Adriatic–Pannonian region – AP3H_v1 database
Authors: Kern Zoltán , Erdélyi Dániel , Vreča Polona , Krajcar Bronić Ines , Fórizs István , Kanduč Tjaša , Štrok Marko , Palcsu László , Süveges Miklós , Czuppon György , Kohán Balázs , Gábor Hatvani István 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Tritium (3H) as a constituent of the water molecule is an
important natural tracer in hydrological sciences. The anthropogenic tritium
introduced into the atmosphere unintentionally became an excellent tracer of
processes on a time scale of up to 100 years. A prerequisite for tritium
applications is to know the distribution of tritium activity in
precipitation. Here we present a database of isoscapes derived from 41
stations for amount-weighted annual mean tritium activity in precipitation
for the period 1976 to 2017 on spatially continuous interpolated 1 km×1 km grids for the Adriatic–Pannonian region (called the AP3H_v1 database), with a special focus on post-2010
years, which are not represented by existing global models. Five stations
were used for out-of-sample evaluation of the model performance,
independently confirming its capability of reproducing the spatiotemporal
tritium variability in the region. The AP3H database is capable of
providing reliable spatiotemporal input for hydrogeological application at
any place within Slovenia, Hungary, and their surroundings. Results also show a
decrease in the average spatial representativity of the stations regarding
tritium activity in precipitation from ∼440 km in 1970s, when
bomb tritium still prevailed in precipitation, to ∼235 km in the 2010s. The post-2010 isoscapes can serve as benchmarks for
background tritium activity for the region, helping to determine potential
future local increases in technogenic tritium from these backgrounds. The
gridded tritium isoscape is available in NetCDF-4 at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896938 (Kern et al., 2019).
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies
Authors: Cucchi Marco , Weedon Graham P. , Amici Alessandro , Bellouin Nicolas , Lange Stefan , Müller Schmied Hannes , Hersbach Hans , Buontempo Carlo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The WFDE5 dataset has been generated using the WATCH Forcing Data (WFD) methodology applied to surface meteorological variables from the ERA5 reanalysis. The WFDEI dataset had previously been generated by applying the WFD methodology to ERA-Interim. The WFDE5 is provided at 0.5∘ spatial resolution but has higher temporal resolution (hourly) compared to WFDEI (3-hourly). It also has higher spatial variability since it was generated by aggregation of the higher-resolution ERA5 rather than by interpolation of the lower-resolution ERA-Interim data. Evaluation against meteorological observations at 13 globally distributed FLUXNET2015 sites shows that, on average, WFDE5 has lower mean absolute error and higher correlation than WFDEI for all variables. Bias-adjusted monthly precipitation totals of WFDE5 result in more plausible global hydrological water balance components when analysed in an uncalibrated hydrological model (WaterGAP) than with the use of raw ERA5 data for model forcing. The dataset, which can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.20d54e34 (C3S, 2020b), is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) through its Climate Data Store (CDS, C3S, 2020a) and currently spans from the start of January 1979 to the end of 2018. The dataset has been produced using a number of CDS Toolbox applications, whose source code is available with the data – allowing users to regenerate part of the dataset or apply the same approach to other data. Future updates are expected spanning from 1950 to the most recent year. A sample of the complete dataset, which covers the whole of the year 2016, is accessible without registration to the CDS at https://doi.org/10.21957/935p-cj60 (Cucchi et al., 2020).
Unmaking the Self-Made Man: Fortune and (Fore)Fathers in the Autobiographies of Langston Hughes
Authors: Horne Abigail 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
In Langston Hughes's autobiographies The Big Sea (1940) and I Wonder as I Wander (1956), he critiques the American mythos of individual, financial uplift in a meritocratic nation. Instead of illustrating the achievability of rising from poverty to riches, Hughes highlights the near-impossibility of such a rise for black Americans and challenges a conflation between money and virtue. His autobiographies voice the role of luck in wealth-building and describe an American son who values freedom and community over capital. In so doing, Hughes distinguishes his self-formation from forefathers of American autobiography, from his most important patron, and from his own father. Examining Hughes's focus on fortune in The Big Sea and I Wonder as I Wander reveals a greater challenge to white supremacist and capitalist values than critics of these books have previously acknowledged, and the narrative structures of the autobiographies enact an alternative, horizontal model as a challenge to the idealized American trajectory of a vertical rise.
Langston Hughes: When Language Turns History
Authors: Miller R. Baxter 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn Hughes's literary world, history is not a forward line into a utopian future. Neither is it a perfect circle, turning precisely back upon the exact same point in space and time where it has already been. Rather, it is a spiral at once backward and forward, open to new guidance. Despite the past's often being torturous (twisted horribly), it can certainly be channeled well. Hence, to Langston Hughes, black writers facilitate an advance into future time. It is possible to appreciate the temporal trajectory and impact of his writing. First, this article tests in The Big Sea, Hughes's first autobiography, the African American collegian's worthiness in 1929 to redirect the stream of history. Then it details the heroic properties of a tragic mulatto, who despite great revolutionary promise in Ways of White Folks (1934), dies before he can complete his public mission to redirect the stream. Finally, it closes with the celebration of Hughes in Ask Your Mama (1961) of two black women abolitionists with whom the poet endows historic, even sacred voice.
On Brenda Marie Osbey, “whom [we] have every right to love”
Authors: Vrana Laura 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This article reviews the recent edited collection Summoning Our Saints: The Poetry and Prose of Brenda Marie Osbey, edited by John Wharton Lowe (2019), arguing with reference to the indispensable pieces contained in that text that Brenda Marie Osbey's oeuvre and especially her History and Other Poems (2012) merits significantly greater attention than it has thus far received. It proposes reasons for that scholarly neglect, highlighting ways that institutional preferences in black poetic criticism tend to disfavor Osbey's aesthetic choices. Ultimately, it frames Osbey as a contemporary griot whose poetic speaker and formal devices differ substantially from those deployed by living black poets, like Rita Dove and Natasha Trethewey, who have garnered greater scholarly attention.
Reseña de la obra "Kant´s Doctrine of Right in the Twenty-first Century"
Authors: Vázquez Peñas Aarón 
Published: September 2020

Reseña de / Book review of: Krasnoff, Larry; Sánchez Madrid, Nuria; Satne, Paula (eds.) (2018). Kant´s Doctrine of Right in the Twenty-first Century. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 244 pp.
Diagnóstico de hanseníase em Porto Nacional/TO no período de 2013 a 2017
Authors: Almeida Felipe Alior Fernandes Louzada de , Milan George 
Published: September 2020

A hanseníase é uma doença crônica e insidiosa cujo agente etiológico é a bactéria Mycobacterium leprae, de elevada infectividade, porém de baixa patogenicidade. Sua transmissão ocorre pelo ar, liberado por indivíduos contaminados e infectando indivíduos susceptíveis. As manifestações clínicas, geralmente, demoram a aparecer, levando a um diagnóstico tardio sendo que, nesse período, o infectado é o transmissor da doença. O tratamento se faz por meio de poliquimioterapia, por um tempo prolongado, que ocorre, principalmente, na unidade básica de saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar os dados estatísticos de diagnóstico de hanseníase no município de Porto Nacional/TO entre o período de 2013 a 2017. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de investigação epidemiológica e revisão de literatura de dados presentes no SINAN (Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação) juntamente à Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, dados do banco de informações do DataSUS e levantamentos bibliográficos eletrônicos de bibliotecas virtuais. Foi observado grande variação de diagnóstico de hanseníase entre o período de estudo, prevalência da forma multibacilar, prevalência de diagnóstico de hanseníase sem acometimento do tronco nervoso e predisposição ao sexo masculino. Os níveis de diagnósticos permaneceram variáveis, com maioria masculino, de forma multibacilar, sendo 12 recidivas
Predictors of Heart Failure in Nigerian Children with Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects and Associated Structural Defects
Authors: Duru Chika O. , Chinawa Josephat M. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Atrial septal defects are common congenital heart defects which could be discovered incidentally during cardiac screening of a child in heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of heart failure in children with ostium secundum Atrial Septal Defects (os-sec ASD) and other associated structural lesions.
Methods: Seventy-five children with os-sec ASD seen in two tertiary centres in Southern Nigeria were recruited prospectively. Details of age, gender, anthropometric parameters and echocardiographic findings were entered into a proforma. The sizes of the ASDs were categorized into 3 groups; small size=<5 mm, moderate size=5-9mm and large size=≥10 mm. The modified Ross Classification was used to determine the presence of heart failure. Data were analyzed using SPSS v 25.0 software.
Results: The ages of the children ranged from 0.25 months to 242 months with a mean age of 3.2±1.7 months and a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. Forty (53.3%) children had isolated os-sec ASD while 35 (46.7%) children had os-sec ASD with other structural defects. Thirty-eight (50.7%) of the children had features of heart failure at presentation out of which 50% were infants and 88.0% were mildly wasted. There was no significant association between the presence of heart failure in the study subjects and age, gender or nutritional status (p> 0.05). There was however a significant association between the presence of heart failure and other structural defects co-existing with ASD (p = 0.038) and Large sized os-sec ASD of greater than 10mm (p = 0.0001) in those with isolated os-sec ASD.
Conclusion: Children with ostium secundum Atrial septal defects could present with heart failure, which is more likely if the defect is >10mm or associated with other structural heart lesions.
Ranitidine Prescription Pattern of Outpatient in a Public Hospital in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The study of prescribing pattern is essential since it gives an idea to physicians about the process of monitoring and assessment of the drugs and endorses the required modifications. This study aimed to assess the outpatient prescribing pattern of ranitidine in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study was conducted at the outpatient setting in a public hospital in Alkharj. The outpatient electronic prescriptions were reviewed to evaluate the prescription patterns of ranitidine drug by the help of pharmacy department in the hospital.
Results: Throughout the study, 697 patients received ranitidine. About 51.65 % of the patients were females. Most of the patients who were included in the study were in the age level between 20-49 (61.68%). Moreover, most of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (70.30%).
Conclusion: Prescribing of ranitidine drug is indeed popular among outpatients in the study. This study investigated the frequency of ranitidine use but further studies are warranted to investigate the appropriateness of its prescriptions.
Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Perception and Attitude towards Certain Medication Administration Time
Authors: Albassam Ahmed A. , Al-Saikhan Fahad I. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess the pharmacists’ perception and knowledge regarding the use of some chronic medication and appropriate administration timing.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and randomly distributed to local retail pharmacies in the western region of Saudi Arabi between February 2019 to May 2019. We randomly selected 500 pharmacists at different shifts.
Results: The response was 86% of the sample we have selected. 90.7% responded that patients' daily routine plays a major role in their disease statuse such as diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. More than 76.3% of respondents did not know that blood pressure peaks in the mid-morning and in the evening but goes lower early in the morning. Only 40.9% knew that calcium channel blockers will be more effective if given in the late evening than in the morning.
Conclusion: The findings here suggest that more training, education and/or workshops will be beneficial in understanding medication time to produce an optimal effect.
An Intelligent AIEgen with Nonmonotonic Multiresponses to Multistimuli
Authors: Tu Yujie , Yu Yeqing , Xiao Diwen , Liu Junkai , Zhao Zheng , Liu Zhiyang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntelligent stimulus–response (S/R) systems are the basis of natural process and machine control, which are intensively explored in biomimetic design and analytical/biological applications. However, nonmonotonic multi‐S/R systems are still rarely studied so far. In this work, a rational design strategy is proposed to achieve such a unique S/R system by integrating opposite luminescence behaviors in one molecule. When solvent polarity increases, many heterocyclic or carbonyl‐containing compounds often become more emissive due to the suppression of the proximity effect, whereas molecules with donor–acceptor (D–A) structures tend to be less emissive because of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Meanwhile, protonation on D/A moieties will weaken/strengthen the D–A interaction to result in blue/redshifted emissions. By combining a protonatable heterocyclic acceptor and a protonatable donor together in one molecule, nonmonotonic brightness responses to polarity stimuli and nonmonotonic color responses to pH stimuli can be achieved. The design strategy is successfully verified by a simple molecule named 4‐(dimethylamino)styryl)quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one (ASQ). ASQ exhibits nonmonotonic responses to polarity and pH stimuli, and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with a nonmonotonic AIE curve. Meanwhile, ASQ can be adjusted to emit white light in an acidic environment, and it shows multivalent functionalities including albumin protein sensing, ratiometric pH sensing, and amine gas sensing.
What kind of hominin first left Africa?
Authors: Scardia Giancarlo , Neves Walter A. , Tattersall Ian , Blumrich Lukas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent discoveries of stone tools from Jordan (2.5 Ma) and China (2.1 Ma) document hominin presence in Asia at the beginning of the Pleistocene, well before the conventional Dmanisi datum at 1.8 Ma. Although no fossil hominins documenting this earliest Out of Africa phase have been found, on chronological grounds a pre‐Homo erectus hominin must be considered the most likely maker of those artifacts. If so, this sheds new light on at least two disputed subjects in paleoanthropology, namely the remarkable variation among the five Dmanisi skulls, and the ancestry of Homo floresiensis.
Hydrosoluble phosphonic acid functionalized poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) chelating polymers for the sorption of metallic cations
Authors: Benkhaled Belkacem Tarek , Montheil Titouan , Lapinte Vincent , Monge Sophie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present contribution, the synthesis of well‐defined water‐soluble phosphonic‐acid based poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and the preliminary study of their sorption properties were reported. For such purpose, poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (POx) was first prepared. Then, controlled hydrolysis allowed the obtaining of statistical poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐stat‐poly(ethyleneimine) (POx‐st‐PEI) with 20% of ethyleneimine units, which allowed maintaining water solubility of the copolymers. The latter were successfully functionalized with either dimethyl(acryloyloxymethyl) phosphonate (APC1) or diethyl‐2‐(acrylamido)ethylphosphonate (DAAmEP) using Michael reaction. Phosphonated esters were hydrolyzed to produce phosphonic acid groups, thus, leading to hPOx‐st‐PEI‐APC1 and hPOx‐st‐PEI‐DAAmEP copolymers. Finally, functionalized statistical copolymers were successfully used for the sorption of divalent or trivalent metallic cations. The reported work aims at reporting the synthesis of original polyoxazoline materials functionalized with phosphonic acid groups that could be further employed for water treatment in polymer enhanced ultrafiltration processes.
A comprehensive study: Theoretical and experimental investigation of heteroatom and substituent effects on frontier orbitals and polymer solar cell performances
Authors: Cevher Sevki Can , Hizalan Gonul , Alemdar Yilmaz Eda , Cevher Duygu , Udum Arslan Yasemin , Toppare Levent , Yıldırım Erol , Cirpan Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBenzochalcogendiazole derivatives are incorporated with thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) acceptor and 4,8‐diethoxybenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene donor to synthesize tree‐component random copolymers. Four different copolymers are synthesized and their electronic, optical and photovoltaic properties are compared. Comparisons are aligned in the course of two different strategies, which are the replacement of benzochalcogendiazole moiety and the modification of side group on benzothiadiazole. Theoretical calculations by comparing the HOMO‐LUMO levels, band gaps and other electronic descriptors of pristine and 2 + 2 two acceptor‐based copolymers are investigated. Random copolymer bearing benzoxadiazole moiety, PO exhibits the highest photovoltaic performance of 8.29% with a Jsc of 14.96 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.87 V, fill factor (FF) of 63.70%. PF possesses the highest Voc with a value of 0.88 V, Jsc of 14.40 mA cm−2, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.32% with 58% FF. PS exhibits average feature with Jsc 11.82 mA cm−2, Voc 0.80 V, FF 50%, and 4.72% PCE. Lowest performing selenadiazole containing random copolymer (PSe) copolymer exhibits maximum PCE as 3.65%. These results demonstrate the promising effectiveness of benzoxadiazole selection as an alternative acceptor unit and F atom substitution for the design of (A1‐D)‐(A2‐D) type random copolymers for organic solar cells.
Ultrathin Near‐Infrared Light Activated Nano‐Hotplate Catalyst
Authors: Wu Xiangyang , Yeow Edwin K. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA combined photothermal‐catalytic system that contains a single active element, without using different entities for separate roles (catalytic vs photothermal), is designed here for efficient catalytic reactions. Herein, ultrathin (sub‐6 nm) rectangular‐like KNdF4 nanoplates consisting of 3–4 unit cell layers are prepared where the Nd3+ ions act as a Lewis acid catalyst. In addition, the nanoplates undergo light‐to‐heat conversion when irradiated with NIR light due to cross‐relaxation and nonradiative relaxation processes from excited Nd3+. The cyanosilylation of a series of ketones is performed using the nano‐hotplate catalysts to give near quantitative yields of the cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers. This is because of the high surface area‐to‐volume ratio of the thin nanoplates that provides a large number of surface Nd3+ catalytic sites for reaction. The reaction kinetics are enhanced by the photothermal effect, leading to the observed > 10‐fold increase in product yields.
Substrate oxidation in primary human skeletal muscle cells is influenced by donor age
Authors: Aas Vigdis , Thoresen G. Hege , Rustan Arild C. , Lund Jenny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrimary human myotubes represent an alternative system to intact skeletal muscle for the study of human diseases related to changes in muscle energy metabolism. This work aimed to study if fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human myotubes in vitro were related to muscle of origin, donor gender, age, or body mass index (BMI). Myotubes from a total of 82 donors were established from three different skeletal muscles, i.e., musculus vastus lateralis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis, and musculi interspinales, and cellular energy metabolism was evaluated. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that donor age had a significant effect on glucose and oleic acid oxidation after correcting for gender, BMI, and muscle of origin. Donor BMI was the only significant contributor to cellular oleic acid uptake, whereas cellular glucose uptake did not rely on any of the variables examined. Despite the effect of age on substrate oxidation, cellular mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) did not correlate with donor age. In conclusion, donor age significantly impacts substrate oxidation in cultured human myotubes, whereas donor BMI affects cellular oleic acid uptake.
GDNF synthesis, signaling, and retrograde transport in motor neurons
Authors: Cintrón-Colón Alberto F. , Almeida-Alves Gabriel , Boynton Alicia M. , Spitsbergen John M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a 134 amino acid protein belonging in the GDNF family ligands (GFLs). GDNF was originally isolated from rat glial cell lines and identified as a neurotrophic factor with the ability to promote dopamine uptake within midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Since its discovery, the potential neuroprotective effects of GDNF have been researched extensively, and the effect of GDNF on motor neurons will be discussed herein. Similar to other members of the TGF-β superfamily, GDNF is first synthesized as a precursor protein (pro-GDNF). After a series of protein cleavage and processing, the 211 amino acid pro-GDNF is finally converted into the active and mature form of GDNF. GDNF has the ability to trigger receptor tyrosine kinase RET phosphorylation, whose downstream effects have been found to promote neuronal health and survival. The binding of GDNF to its receptors triggers several intracellular signaling pathways which play roles in promoting the development, survival, and maintenance of neuron-neuron and neuron-target tissue interactions. The synthesis and regulation of GDNF have been shown to be altered in many diseases, aging, exercise, and addiction. The neuroprotective effects of GDNF may be used to develop treatments and therapies to ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the general roles of GDNF and its production, delivery, secretion, and neuroprotective effects on motor neurons within the mammalian neuromuscular system.
Elliptic classes, McKay correspondence and theta identities
Authors: Mikosz Małgorzata , Weber Andrzej 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe revisit the construction of elliptic class given by Borisov and Libgober for singular algebraic varieties. Assuming torus action we adjust the theory to the equivariant local situation. We study theta function identities having a geometric origin. In the case of quotient singularities $${\mathbb {C}}^n/G$$

C

n

/
G

, where G is a finite group the theta identities arise from McKay correspondence. The symplectic singularities are of special interest. The Du Val surface singularity $$A_n$$

A
n

leads to a remarkable formula.