bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Graphene‐Based Macroscopic Assemblies for Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Chang , Chen Kaiyue , Wang Ying , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRapid development of portable and wearable electronic devices has triggered increased research interest in small‐scale power sources, especially in micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) because of their high power densities, long service life, and ability to be charged and discharged quickly. Graphene, an ideal two‐dimensional energy‐storage electrode material with good conductivity, high quantum capacitance, and large specific surface area, can be used as a building block for MSCs with multi‐dimensional architectures. Considerable efforts have been devoted to constructing structures with different dimensions for advanced graphene‐based MSCs (GMSCS). In this Review, we summarize the recent progress of graphene‐based macroscopic assemblies in MSCs, including 1D fiber GMSCs, 2D planar GMSCs; and 3D in‐plane or stacked GMSCs, and discuss the relationship between the structures and applications of the devices. In addition, future prospects and challenges in the MSCs are also discussed.
Land use alters relationships of grassland productivity with plant and arthropod diversity in Inner Mongolian grassland
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Frank Yonghong , Tang Kuanyan , Wang Yanan , Suri Guga , Bai Zheng , Baoyin Taogetao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe threats of land‐use intensification to biodiversity have motivated considerable research directed toward understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). Functional diversity is deemed a better indicator than species diversity to clarify the BEF relationships. However, most tests of the BEF relationship have been conducted in highly controlled plant communities, with terrestrial animal communities largely unexplored. Additionally, most BEF studies examined the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions, with the effects of ecosystem functioning strength on biodiversity hardly considered. Based on a 6‐yr grassland experiment in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, we examined the variation of taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD) of both plant and arthropod communities, and their relations with grassland productivity, across three land management types (moderate grazing, mowing, and enclosure). We aimed to clarify the interrelations among plant FD, arthropod FD, grassland productivity, and soil factors. We found the following: (1) Grassland under mowing performed best in terms of sustaining a high TD and FD of plants and arthropods compared to that under grazing and enclosure. (2) The relationships between plant and arthropod diversity and productivity varied with management types. Plant TD and FD were negatively related, whereas arthropod FD was positively related with productivity under enclosure; plant FD, but not arthropod FD, was positively related with productivity under grazing; arthropod FD, but not plant FD, was negatively related with productivity under mowing. (3) Grassland productivity was positively interrelated with plant FD, but not plant TD; and was negatively interrelated with arthropod TD, but not arthropod FD across different management types. The respective positive vs. negative bidirectional relationships of productivity with plant diversity vs. arthropod diversity, were majorly a consequence of divergent grazing/mowing effects on plant vs. arthropod diversity. The results indicate that grazing increases plant diversity, but decreases arthropod diversity, whereas fall mowing provides a management strategy for conservation of both trophic levels. These results also provide new insights into the effects of land‐use changes on biodiversity and ecosystem processes, and indicate the importance of incorporating the functional interrelations among different trophic groups in sustainable grassland management.
Modeling avian full annual cycle distribution and population trends with citizen science data
Authors: Fink Daniel , Auer Tom , Johnston Alison , Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana , Hochachka Wesley M. , Kelling Steve 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInformation on species’ distributions, abundances, and how they change over time is central to the study of the ecology and conservation of animal populations. This information is challenging to obtain at landscape scales across range‐wide extents for two main reasons. First, landscape‐scale processes that affect populations vary throughout the year and across species’ ranges, requiring high‐resolution, year‐round data across broad, sometimes hemispheric, spatial extents. Second, while citizen science projects can collect data at these resolutions and extents, using these data requires appropriate analysis to address known sources of bias. Here, we present an analytical framework to address these challenges and generate year‐round, range‐wide distributional information using citizen science data. To illustrate this approach, we apply the framework to Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), a long‐distance Neotropical migrant and species of conservation concern, using data from the citizen science project eBird. We estimate occurrence and abundance across a range of spatial scales throughout the annual cycle. Additionally, we generate intra‐annual estimates of the range, intra‐annual estimates of the associations between species and characteristics of the landscape, and interannual trends in abundance for breeding and non‐breeding seasons. The range‐wide population trajectories for Wood Thrush show a close correspondence between breeding and non‐breeding seasons with steep declines between 2010 and 2013 followed by shallower rates of decline from 2013 to 2016. The breeding season range‐wide population trajectory based on the independently collected and analyzed North American Breeding Bird Survey data also shows this pattern. The information provided here fills important knowledge gaps for Wood Thrush, especially during the less studied migration and non‐breeding periods. More generally, the modeling framework presented here can be used to accurately capture landscape scale intra‐ and interannual distributional dynamics for broadly distributed, highly mobile species.
Knowledge and attitudes about sudden death in epilepsy among people living with epilepsy and their healthcare providers in Mulago Hospital, Uganda: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kaddumukasa Mark , Mwesiga Emmanuel , Sewankambo Nelson , Blixen Carol , Lhatoo Samden , Sajatovic Martha , Katabira Elly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess level of knowledge and attitudes of SUDEP among people living with epilepsy (PLWE) and healthcare workers providing epilepsy care in Uganda.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study of 48 PLWE and 19 epilepsy care providers used a tailored questionnaire to evaluate epilepsy and SUDEP knowledge, frequency of SUDEP discussion, reasons for not discussing SUDEP, timing of SUDEP discussions, and perceived patient reactions to being provided information on SUDEP.ResultsMedian PLWE sample age was 25 (IQR; 19‐34) years, 10 (20.8%) were male, median age of onset of epilepsy 12 (IQR; 6‐18) years. Half of the PLWE reported that they had never heard of SUDEP. Most PLWE desired detailed information regarding SUDEP and preferred this information during the subsequent visits. Healthcare provider sample mean age was 35.7 (22.8) years, 12 (63.2%) were male and composed of 4 physicians (21.1%). Only 15% (3/20) of providers discussed SUDEP with their patients while 85% (17/20) have never discussed it. The main reasons for not discussing SUDEP were not knowing enough about SUDEP (89.5%) and no adequate support network available (30%). Providers that discussed SUDEP (100%) reported that negative reactions were the most common patient response.SignificanceIn this Ugandan sample, most PLWE are not aware of SUDEP and epilepsy care providers rarely discuss SUDEP with their patients or patient caregivers. Negative reactions to SUDEP discussions are common but not universal. There is an urgent need for epilepsy educational programs in clinics and targeted communities addressing SUDEP.
Mitigation of DIS flooding attacks in RPL‐based 6LoWPAN networks
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Ranga Virender 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the de facto routing protocol for IPv6‐based Low‐Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN). In RPL protocol, DODAG Information Solicitation (DIS) messages are sent by the node to join the network. A malicious node can exploit this mechanism to send illegitimate DIS messages to the neighbor nodes to perform a DIS flooding attack. In this research paper, it is observed that the DIS flooding attack increases the control packet overhead of the network, which significantly degrades the network's performance. This further increases the power consumption of the nodes in the network. To address this problem, a mitigation scheme named Secure‐RPL is proposed. The proposed scheme mitigates significantly the effects of DIS flooding attack on the network's performance. The effectiveness of the proposed Secure‐RPL scheme is compared with standard RPL protocol. The experimental results show that Secure‐RPL detects and mitigates DIS flooding attack quickly and efficiently in both static and dynamic network scenarios, without adding any significant overhead to the nodes.
A chicken protein hydrolysate exerts anti‐atherosclerotic effect beyond plasma cholesterol‐lowering activity in Apoe−/− mice
Authors: Bjørndal Bodil , Aloysius Thomas A. , Lund Anders , Slizyte Rasa , Bohov Pavol , Carvajal Ana Karina , Berge Rolf K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChicken protein hydrolysates (CPHs) generated from rest raw materials through enzymatic hydrolysis using Corolase PP or Alcalase were shown to reduce inflammation and stimulate hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in high‐fat‐fed mice. This study investigates the effect of CPH diets in atherosclerosis‐prone apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Apoe−/− mice were divided into three groups of 12 animals and fed high‐fat diets with casein (control), Alcalase CPH, or Corolase PP CPH. After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were collected, and aorta was dissected for subsequent én face analysis. Mice fed Corolase PP CPH but not Alcalase CPH had significantly lower % atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic arch compared to controls (p = .015 and p = .077, respectively). Plasma and liver cholesterol and triacylglycerol remained constant, but levels of the fatty acid C20:5n‐3 were increased, accompanied by an elevated delta‐5 desaturase index in both CPHs groups. Moreover, a significant reduction of plasma MCP‐1 was detected in Corolase PP CPH compared to control. Overall, our data show that protein hydrolysates from chicken reduced atherosclerosis and attenuated systemic risk factors related to atherosclerotic disorders, not related to changes in the level of plasma cholesterol.
Changes of bioactive compounds in barley industry by‐products during submerged and solid state fermentation with antimicrobial Pediococcus acidilactici strain LUHS29
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Mozuriene Erika , Lele Vita , Zokaityte Egle , Gruzauskas Romas , Jakobsone Ida , Juodeikiene Grazina , Ruibys Romas , Bartkevics Vadims 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, changes of bioactive compounds (crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), dietary fiber (DF), fatty acids (FAs), free amino acids (FAAs), phenolic compounds (PCs), biogenic amines (BAs), lignans, and alkylresorcinols) in barley industry by‐products (BB) during submerged and solid state fermentation (SSF) with Pediococcus acidilactici were analyzed. It was established that both fermentation conditions reduce the CP and CF content in BB (by 25.8% and 35.9%, respectively) and increase DF content (on average by 25.0%). Fermentation increases the oleic, arachidic, eicosadienoic, behenic, and lignoceric FA in BB samples. The highest total BA content was found in untreated samples (290.6 mg/kg). Solid state fermentation increased the content of the alkylresorcinol C19:0. Finally, collecting data about the changes of these compounds during technological processes is very important, because according to the specific compounds formed during fermentation, further recommendations for by‐product valorization and uses in food, pharmaceutical, or feed industries can be suggested.
Influence of the formula on the properties of a fast dispersible fruit tablet made from mango, Chlorella, and cactus powder
Authors: Sun Hanying , Wang Xin , Wang Jiangyu , Shi Gengqiang , Chen Lan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTableting of fruit powders is gaining popularity because of the advantages it brings in, such as ease of storage, transportation, and use, and effervescent tablets could be a good alternative to accomplish fast dissolving. The present study provides a specific effervescent tablet formulation that is appropriate for the delivery of mango, cactus, and Chlorella fruit powder. The direct compression method was employed. A series of disintegration time, tensile strength, and moisture content tests were performed on the different formulations at each stage. The effects of effervescent agents' ratio, fruit powder proportion, acid and alkali content, and mannitol and lactose content on tablet properties were investigated. The results indicated that the tablet properties were highly influenced by formulation, especially the ratios of effervescent agents, fruit powders, acid to alkali ratio, as well as mannitol to lactose ratio. The best performing formulation was as follows, 45% effervescent agents (citric acid monohydrate:sodium bicarbonate = 1.3:1), 35% adhesives (mannitol:lactose = 1:8), and 20% mixed fruit powders (mango:cactus:Chlorella fruit powders = 14:5:1). With this formula, the moisture content was 3.62% and the disintegration time was 154 s, as well as a sufficient tensile strength of 2.32 MPa. Our study presented useful findings regarding the specific effects of changing ingredient ratios on tablet strength and other properties and provided a basis for the potential of using mango, cactus and microalgae powders as novel functional ingredients for fruit powder effervescent tablets. This may be used as a basis for further research on tableting.
Management of orbital complications in palatomaxillary reconstruction: A review of preemptive and corrective measures
Authors: Griffin Martha J. , Sims John R. , Spaulding Sarah L. , Baik Fred M. , Elahi Ebrahim , Urken Mark L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of orbit‐sparing palatomaxillary defects requires consideration of globe dystopia, orbital volume, eyelid position and function, and the nasolacrimal system to preserve and optimize vision, globe protection, and appearance. We describe the fundamentals of orbital and eyelid anatomy, common orbital complications related to palatomaxillary reconstruction, and preemptive and corrective surgical techniques to be utilized during and after globe‐sparing palatomaxillary reconstruction.MethodsWe present a review of the literature supplemented by clinical case examples.ResultsWe advocate for the use of preemptive and corrective techniques to ensure optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients with orbital defects.ConclusionsRecognition and anticipation of problems in patients undergoing midface ablative and reconstructive procedures are vital to the implementation of corrective measures. Incision choice, orbital volume restoration, appropriate orbital floor reconstruction, and permanent or temporary lower eyelid suspension during the primary surgery can all significantly impact the development of long‐term orbital complications.
Driving performance and neurocognitive skills of long‐term users of benzodiazepine anxiolytics and hypnotics
Authors: van der Sluiszen Nick N.J.J.M. , Vermeeren Annemiek , Verster Joris C. , van de Loo Aurora J.A.E. , van Dijken Joke H. , Veldstra Janet L. , Brookhuis Karel A. , de Waard Dick , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare actual driving performance and skills related to driving of patients using benzodiazepine anxiolytics or hypnotics for at least 6 months to that of healthy controls.MethodsParticipants were 44 long‐term users of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine‐related anxiolytics (n = 12) and hypnotics (n = 32) and 65 matched healthy controls. Performance was assessed using an on‐the‐road driving test measuring standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP, in cm) and a battery of neurocognitive tasks. Performance differences between groups were compared with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5 mg/ml to determine clinical relevance.ResultsCompared with controls, SDLP was significantly increased in hypnotic users (+1.70 cm) but not in anxiolytic users (+1.48 cm). Anxiolytic and hypnotic users showed significant and clinically relevant impairment on neurocognitive task measuring executive functioning, vigilance, and reaction time. For patients using hypnotics for at least 3 years, no significant driving impairment was observed.ConclusionImpairing effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics on driving performance may mitigate over time following longer term use (i.e. 3 years or more) although neurocognitive impairments may remain.
Model‐based analysis of therapeutic efficacy of blonanserin and risperidone in schizophrenia patients and effects on prolactin: A randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , Lei Lei , Yu Yimin , Li Yan , Shen Yifeng , Li Huafang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined randomized controlled trial data for blonanserin and risperidone in Chinese schizophrenia patients (N = 264). Data related to historical changes in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to successfully construct a longitudinal Emax model. Results: (a) The efficacy of the two drugs was similar after week 8, showing a small difference in PANSS reduction. (b) Using the model, we predicted that each 5‐point increase in the baseline FPOS (positive score in PANSS five‐factor subscales) leads to a decrease in the PANSS total scores at week 8 for 2 points in patients administered blonanserin. (c) The effect of blonanserin on prolactin (PRL) elevation was less. The model was used to predict that prolactin elevations in patients administered risperidone were 2.41‐fold of those in patients administered blonanserin. (d) Model quantitation showed that gender is a risk factor for prolactin elevation. Prolactin elevations in female patients were 2.95‐fold of the value in male patients administered the same drug. The model demonstrated Blonanserin has similar antischizophrenic efficacy and less serum prolactin rising compared to risperidone in Chinese patients.
Risk factors and pregnancy outcome in women aged over 40 years at Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Oppong Samuel A. , Torto Magdalene , Beyuo Titus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women aged 40 years and older at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.MethodsA descriptive case–control study comparing women aged 40 years and older at the time of delivery with those between 20 and 34 who delivered at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015. Data were collected using interviewer‐administered questionnaires and supplemented with information from patients’ medical records. A multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval of various risk factors and complications associated with delivery in women aged 40 years or older. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.ResultsThere were 339 women in the study of which 113 were aged 40 years or older and 226 were aged between 20 and 34 years. Delivery at age 40 years or older was associated with grand multiparity, and unplanned and undesirable pregnancy. There was a higher incidence of gestational diabetes (7.1% vs 2.2%, P=0.036), cesarean delivery (70.1% vs 57.1%, P=0.018), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) (7.1% vs 1.3%, P=0.008) among women older than 40 years. VTE risk was increased sixfold in the women older than 40 years compared with the younger ones.ConclusionWomen delivering after age 40 years had a higher incidence of gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, and VTE compared with younger women. VTE risk increased sixfold in the older women.
Synthesis, structural, DFT investigations and antibacterial activity assessment of pyrazoline‐thiocyanatoethanone derivatives as thymidylate kinase inhibitors
Authors: Saminathan Murugavel , Kanagarajan Saranya , Chandrasekaran Ravikumar , Sivasubramaniyan Archana , Raja Ranganathan , Alagusundaram Ponnusamy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo novel compounds 1‐(5‐[4‐fluorophenyl]‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐thiocyanatoethanone (FSCN) and 1‐(5‐[4‐chlorophenyl]‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐thiocyanatoethanone (ClSCN) were synthesized and characterized by SC‐XRD, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV methods. The X‐ray diffraction studies were utilized to prove the 3D crystal structures of FSCN and ClSCN. In both the compounds, the packing is mostly driven by CH⋯N, CH⋯O, and CH⋯π (benzene ring as an acceptor) interactions. In ClSCN, additionally, the π⋯π interaction is observed between the pyrazole ring of one molecule and the benzene ring of the other molecule. The experimental values were compared with the results of DFT/B3LYP/6‐311G++(d,p) theoretical computations. The pharmacological screening for FSCN and ClSCN was performed using molinspiration and PreADMET web server. To analyze antibacterial inhibition of the synthesized ligands and Ciprofloxacin (control drug) were interacted with antibacterial protein Thymidylate Kinase (TMK) (PDB ID: 4QGG) with the help of AutoDock Vina tool. The ADMET and docking results of FSCN and ClSCN pointed out the better drug likeness nature and good inhibition behavior with TMK protein. The antibacterial in vitro studies suggested that FSCN compound inhibited well with antibacterial strains than that of ClSCN. The current investigation suggests that with further improvements, our compounds could be preferred as substitute medicine for bacterial diseases.
Corrosion‐resistant coating of iron: A synergistic effect of electroactive poly(triphenylamine) coating with posttreatment for high‐corrosion‐protection efficiency
Authors: Tsai Jen‐Hao , Tsai Ming‐Chia , Lee Ting‐Hsuan , Huang Ping‐Tsung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbstractAn electroactive poly(triphenylamine) (PTPA‐C6) is applied to the surface of iron as a corrosion‐protection layer. The iron substrate coated with PTPA‐C6 is thermally treated at different temperatures (up to 80°C) to study the effect of thermal treatment of PTPA‐C6 on the corrosion behavior of iron. Experimental results indicate that the contact angle of the PTPA‐C6 film increases from 81.6° at room temperature to 100° after thermal treatment at 80°C for 1 hr. The surface becomes more hydrophobic after thermal treatment, which will lower the penetration of water to the iron surface. Adhesion tests (ASTM 3359) indicate that adhesion between the PTPA‐C6 and iron substrate is enhanced after thermal treatment. Additionally, a thin iron oxide layer formed between the PTPA‐C6 and iron substrate as a passivation layer. The synergistic effect of these factors makes PTPA‐C6 a very effective corrosion protection layer on iron substrate after appropriate thermal treatment. Corrosion protection efficiency increases from 90% of the pristine PTPA‐C6 to 99.9% of the 80°C treated PTPA‐C6.