bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and monitoring of mental workload in subway train operations using physiological, subjective, and performance measures
Authors: Jafari Mohammad‐Javad , Zaeri Farid , Jafari Amir H. , Payandeh Najafabadi Amir T. , Al‐Qaisi Saif , Hassanzadeh‐Rangi Narmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubway train operation is a complex, sociotechnical system that involves a variety of cognitively demanding tasks. The train operators are responsible for continuously monitoring the surrounding environment, maintaining awareness, processing information, and making decisions under risk. The resulting mental strain on operators can negatively affect their performance and the interaction of the human–machine system. The objective of this study was to evaluate if physiological, subjective, and performance measures could identify the level of mental workloads arising from routine and nonroutine operations in the subway system. A total of 11 subway train operators underwent different driving scenarios in a high‐fidelity simulator. The simulated tasks were divided into two categories: routine operations (preparing to drive and driving between stations without interruptions or emergencies) and nonroutine operation (responding to a tunnel fire, dealing with a high density of passengers, encountering a passenger/technician on the track, and responding to train failure). The mental workload was monitored and evaluated in these tasks using an electrocardiogram, subjective self‐rating scales, and driving performance. Both heart rate variability and performance measures (including reaction time and error rate) detected mental workload variations in the different operations. On the other hand, the subjective ratings (including NASA‐TLX) assessed the overall mental workload associated with a task, without explaining the mental demand variations within the task over time. Subway train drivers experienced different levels of mental workload during routine and nonroutine driving conditions. The findings of this study can be used to extract mental workload limits to optimize workload levels during train operations.
A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Acosta Patricia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focused on the effects of these substances. We sought to determine and compare the subjective effects of various substances.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with 39 adults (75.4% male and 87.2% White) who reported experience using psychedelic phenethylamines and/or tryptamines. Participants described the effects of compounds they have used. We examined the subjective drug effects in a qualitative descriptive manner.ResultsParticipants reported on the use of 36 compounds. The majority (64.1%) reported the use of 2C series drugs, with 2C‐B use being most prevalent; 38.5% reported the use of NBOMe, and 25.6% reported the use of DOx. With regard to tryptamines, 46.2% reported use, and 4‐AcO‐DMT was the most prevalent drug used in this class. 2C‐B was often described as being more favorable than other 2C series compounds with the effects described as being comparable with MDMA and LSD. NBOMe effects were generally described in an unfavorable manner, and the effects of DOx were often described as lasting too long (12–36 hr). The effects of 4‐AcO‐DMT were often described as mimicking psilocybin.ConclusionKnowing the effects of various compounds can inform education, prevention, and harm reduction efforts regarding the use of these drugs.
Liver tissue classification of en face images by fractal dimension‐based support vector machine
Authors: Zhu Yue , Gao Wanrong , Guo Zhenyan , Zhou Yawen , Zhou Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFull‐field optical coherence tomography (FF‐OCT) has been reported with its label‐free subcellular imaging performance. To realize quantitive cancer detection, the support vector machine model of classifying normal and cancerous human liver tissue is proposed with en face tomographic images. Twenty samples (10 normal and 10 cancerous) were operated from humans and composed of 285 en face tomographic images. Six histogram features and one proposed fractal dimension parameter that reveal the refractive index inhomogeneities of tissue were extracted and made up the training set. The other different 16 samples (8 normal and 8 cancerous) were imaged (190 images) and employed as the test set with the same features. First, a subcellular‐resolution tomographic image library for four histopathological areas in liver tissue was established. Second, the area under the receiver operating characteristics of 0.9378, 0.9858, 0.9391, 0.9517 for prediction of the cancerous hepatic cell, central vein, fibrosis, and portal vein were measured with the test set. The results indicate that the proposed classifier from FF‐OCT images shows promise as a label‐free assessment of quantified tumor detection, suggesting the fractal dimension‐based classifier could aid clinicians in detecting tumor boundaries for resection in surgery in the future.
fromage: A library for the study of molecular crystal excited states at the aggregate scale
Authors: Rivera Miguel , Dommett Michael , Sidat Amir , Rahim Warda , Crespo‐Otero Rachel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study of photoexcitations in molecular aggregates faces the twofold problem of the increased computational cost associated with excited states and the complexity of the interactions among the constituent monomers. A mechanistic investigation of these processes requires the analysis of the intermolecular interactions, the effect of the environment, and 3D arrangements or crystal packing on the excited states. A considerable number of techniques have been tailored to navigate these obstacles; however, they are usually restricted to in‐house codes and thus require a disproportionate effort to adopt by researchers approaching the field. Herein, we present the FRamewOrk for Molecular AGgregate Excitations (fromage), which implements a collection of such techniques in a Python library complemented with ready‐to‐use scripts. The program structure is presented and the principal features available to the user are described: geometrical analysis, exciton characterization, and a variety of ONIOM schemes. Each is illustrated by examples of diverse organic molecules in condensed phase settings. The program is available at https://github.com/Crespo-Otero-group/fromage.
Synthesis, characterization, computational simulation, biological and anticancer evaluation of Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) complexes with 2‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐5‐selenocyanatothiazol ligand
Authors: Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Zaky Rania , Yousef Tarak A. , Nomi Bashar S. , Shaaban Saad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNew Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) complexes were synthesized from the reaction of 4‐phenyl‐5‐selenocyanatothiazol‐2‐amine (PhSeCNH) with metal chlorides. The produced compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The Material Studio program was used to propose the best fit atomic skeletons for the isolated solid compounds by applying density functional theory. Quantum chemical parameters were determined from such modeling. Also, the synthesized complexes were screened for their cytotoxicity in breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) and human cervical (HeLa) cell lines. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of the investigated compounds was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus as a Gram‐positive bacteria as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as Gram‐negative bacteria.
The impact of emotion dysregulation on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Chua Jesselyn Jia‐Xin , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesAccumulating research evidence supports the role of emotion dysregulation in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present systematic review synthesized the extant literature and aimed to determine the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and global emotion dysregulation on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.MethodA comprehensive systematic review was conducted to identify quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2019. A total of 22 studies were included in this review.ResultsOverall, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies of rumination, worry, and suppression were generally related to more positive symptoms, while global emotion dysregulation was related to more positive and negative symptoms.ConclusionsOur results provide preliminary and conceptual evidence on the role of emotion dysregulation in understanding schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychological treatment should further determine the therapeutic value of addressing emotion dysregulation to improve positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Anatomy, micromorphology, and physiochemical analysis of Rhus succedanea var. himalaica root
Authors: Khan Shafqat Ali , Barkatullah  , Khan Behramand 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRoot micromorphology can play a vital role in the systematics of angiosperms to understand the complexity among different genera and species. Present study is about microscopic and physiochemical evaluation of Rhus succedanea root belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Various organoleptic characteristics of root were studied. Microscopy showed that transverse section of the root appeared rounded and presented a typical histological differentiation having different average cells length and width. Under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the powder revealed the existence of pitted xylem vessels, phloem sieve elements, phloem fibers and cork cells, and so forth. Fluorescence study of the powder showed various shades of color that gives a valuable information regarding characterization, authentication, and identification of the plant material. These documented information can be acted as record and monograph of a specific plant materials. Nutritional composition of root showed that Ash, fat, protein, carbohydrates, and total gross energy were higher in summer as compared to winter season. On the other hand, moisture and fibers were higher in winter and declined in summer. Root powder gave highest extractive value (37.3%) in methanol and showed the presence of various groups of secondary metabolites qualitatively while, quantitatively flavonoids (0.18 mg/g) was detected in highest amount. The above parameters, being reported for the first time and are significant toward establishing the microscopic and pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine herbal drug. Root micromorphology can be used as an additional tool to aid description and to distinguish many complex taxa and that is of significant value for the taxonomic assessment of this genera and species.
A causal flow approach for the evaluation of global climate models
Authors: Vázquez‐Patiño Angel , Campozano Lenin , Mendoza Daniel , Samaniego Esteban 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) are generally used to forecast weather, understand the present climate, and project climate change. Their reliability usually rests on their capability to represent climatic processes, and most evaluations directly measure the spatiotemporal agreement of scalar climate variables. However, climate naturally involves complex interactions that are hard to infer and, therefore, difficult to evaluate. Climate networks (CNs) have been used to infer flows of mass and energy in the complex climate system. Here, an Evaluation of Models by Causal Flows (EMCaF) is proposed. EMCaF focuses on the assessment of properties about mass and energy flows in the CNs derived from GCMs. First, causal CNs are inferred from GCMs, and then the capabilities to reproduce characteristic transfer flows are assessed with reference models. A more in‐depth feature is the possibility to assess how climate change disturbs CNs properties. In addition to the quantitative difference between modelled and observed values taken into account in standard evaluations, the EMCaF approach aims to assess the weaknesses and strengths of GCMs to represent climate mechanisms and processes that couple different components of the climate system. The comparison of models through this approach allows having complimentary feedback on model evaluations to understand possible causes of errors and enable a judgement based on processes. The approach is illustrated by evaluating one GCM and subsequently assessing changes of its CNs under future climate projections. Results show that known climatic patterns are assimilated and that causal strength patterns are likely to agree with the wind magnitude as a transfer factor. Significative issues are then explored, showing the capabilities of the approach and allowing understand fundamental structures in transport flows, compare their properties, and assess changes in the future. Different alternatives and considerations in each step of the approach are discussed to expand its applicability.
Product architecture and product market internationalization: A conceptualization and extension
Authors: Burton Nicholas , Nyuur Richard , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Sarpong David , O'Regan Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDesigning a modular product architecture and corresponding organization design may enable firms to internationalize more effectively and efficiently. Open and closed, integrated, and modular product architectures may be associated with increasing product market and firm internationalization. We postulate that the more open and modular the product architecture, the easier product market internationalization becomes. We hypothesize that an open and modular product architecture may permit international product markets to become “components” within a strategy of “modular internationalization.”
Variation in flavonoids in a collection of peppers (Capsicum sp.) under organic and conventional cultivation: effect of the genotype, ripening stage, and growing system
Authors: Ribes‐Moya Ana M , Adalid Ana M , Raigón Maria D , Hellín Pilar , Fita Ana , Rodríguez‐Burruezo Adrián 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, the acreage used for organic agriculture and the demand for organic fruit and vegetables have increased considerably. Given this scenario, landraces, such as Capsicum landraces, can provide valuable germplasm. Capsicum peppers are very interesting because of their high phenolic content, and particularly their flavonoid content, which provides a high added value. Moreover, the broad genetic diversity in local varieties expands the opportunities for adaptation to organic production and for exploiting genotype × environment interactions to select peppers with the highest phenolic content.RESULTSIn this work, the main flavonoids of peppers were exhaustively evaluated over 2 years in a wide collection of heirlooms, both unripe and fully ripe, under organic and conventional cultivation. The genotype and ripening stage contributed to a high degree to the variation in flavonoids. The growing system influenced this variation to a lesser extent. Luteolin and quercetin showed the highest contributions to total phenolic content (70% and > 20%, respectively) at both ripening stages, while myricetin, apigenin, and kaempferol showed lower contributrions. The average flavonoid content was higher in ripe fruits, and organic management significantly increased the accumulation of total flavonoids and luteolin. Positive correlations between flavonoids were found at both ripening stages, especially between main flavonoids luteolin and quercetin and between kaempferol and quercetin (ρ > 0.7).CONCLUSIONGenotype × environment interaction enabled the identification of accessions with high flavonoid content grown under organic conditions at both ripening stages, particularly total flavonoids and luteolin at the fully ripe stage. Our results reinforce the importance of a wide genetic variation and of considering different ripening stages and growing conditions for breeding high‐quality peppers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Liver resection as a component of en‐bloc multivisceral resection for upper abdominal tumors is associated with increased morbidity
Authors: Morris Paul David , Coker David , Crawford Michael , Yeo David , Sandroussi Charbel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and MethodsComplex en‐bloc multivisceral and oncovascular resections for upper abdominal tumors remain rare, but there is increasing interest in their role. We analyze complications and survival for these operations. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent en‐bloc upper abdominal resections for tumors involving multiple organs. Primary outcomes were complications as per the Clavien‐Dindo Classification and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). Secondary outcome was overall survival (OS).ResultsWe identified 60 consecutive patients who underwent resection from 2011 to 2018. Histopathology was heterogeneous, the most common being renal cell carcinoma. Eighteen patients had major complications. Mean (interquartile range) CCI was 29.6 (9.6‐43.9). Liver resection was significantly associated with an increased CCI and increased the odds of a major complication (odds ratio: 4.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31‐16.59; P = .017). Charlson Comorbidity Score was significantly associated with the presence of at least one major complication. Mean OS was 47.1 months (95% CI: 37.6‐56.6).ConclusionIn appropriately selected patients, and when undertaken in centers with appropriate subspecialist surgical teams and intensive care services, en‐bloc multivisceral resection of upper abdominal tumors is safe, but liver resection is associated with an increase in major complications.
Comparison of the active components of Aster tataricus from different regions and related processed products by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Wenjuan , Yao Guangzhe , Huang Xuhua , Jia Qi , Shen Jiayuan , Chang Yanxu , Ouyang Huizi , He Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigated crude Aster tataricus, vinegar‐processed Aster tataricus, honey‐processed Aster tataricus, and steamed Aster tataricus as a case study and developed a comprehensive strategy integrating quantitative analysis and chemical pattern recognition methods for the evaluation and differentiation of Aster tataricus from different regions, as well as related processed products. In the study, 15 batches of raw Aster tataricus collected from seven provinces were analyzed. A sensitive and rapid ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 15 compounds was established to evaluate the quality of raw and processed Aster tataricus. Furthermore, multivariate statistical techniques were applied to compare the differences among Aster tataricus samples. As a result, the herbs collected from seven provinces were divided into two categories, and chlorogenic acid was the most important component distinguishing between the regions. Moreover, all of the raw and processed samples were classified by partial least squares discriminant analysis based on the 15 analyzed compounds. Results showed that raw Aster tataricus, vinegar‐processed Aster tataricus, honey‐processed Aster tataricus, and steamed Aster tataricus were clustered in four different areas. Shionone, chlorogenic acid and kaempferol were the significant constituents differentiating the raw and differently processed Aster tataricus samples.
Recent developments of monolithic and open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017–2019)
Authors: Hu Lin‐Feng , Yin Shi‐Jun , Zhang Hao , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCapillary electrochromatography, which combined the high selectivity of high‐performance liquid chromatography and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis, is an attractive separation tool. In this review, the developments on monolithic and open tubular capillary electrochromatography during 2017 to August 2019 are summarized. Considering the development of novel stationary phases is the most active research field in capillary electrochromatography, monolithic capillary electrochromatography is classified according to the polymer‐based and hybrid monolithic columns, while open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography is categorized by cyclodextrin, silica, polymer, nanomaterials, microporous materials, and biomaterials‐based open tubular columns.
Analysis of Abdominal Dermal‐Fat Grafting to Repair Parotidectomy Defects: An 18‐Year Cohort Study
Authors: Gruszczynski Nelson R. , Anderies Barrett J. , Dey Jacob K. , Price Daniel L. , Moore Eric J. , Janus Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the outcomes of abdominal dermal‐fat grafting following superficial and total parotidectomy.MethodsA retrospective chart review of parotidectomy patients was performed. Patients were divided into four groups based on surgical extent and grafting status: superficial parotidectomy (SP), superficial parotidectomy with grafting (SPg), total parotidectomy (TP), and total parotidectomy with grafting (TPg). Complication rates and operative times were then compared between surgically matched groups (SP vs. SPg, TP vs. TPg). Complications included graft necrosis, gustatory sweating, first‐bite syndrome, infection, hematoma, sialocele, and seroma. Data was analyzed via chi‐square and two‐sample t testing, logistic regression, and one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 330 patients: 106 SP (32.12%), 61 SPg (18.48%), 82 TP (24.85%), and 81 TPg (24.55%). No donor site complications occurred. TPg resulted in seven graft necroses (8.64%), and 22 reported gustatory sweating (27.20% vs. 10 TP patients (12.2%), P = 0.016); SPg resulted in two necroses (3.28%). There were no other statistically significant differences in complication rates. Graft recipients receiving adjuvant radiation were more likely to develop necrosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.60, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–18.27, P = .0194). Patients who developed gustatory sweating were 8.38 years younger (95% CI 2.66–14.10, P = 0.002, follow‐up time > 48 days). Grafting did not increase operative times (TP/TPg: mean = 275.91/263.65 minutes, standard error of the mean = 41.96/33.75, P = 0.822).ConclusionAn abdominal dermal‐fat graft is an excellent reconstructive choice for a parotidectomy defect and is not associated with increased complication rates or prolonged operative time.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2144–2147, 2020
Feeding behavior is the main driver for microparticle intake in mangrove crabs
Authors: Not Christelle , Lui Cheuk Yan Iris , Cannicci Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs marine plastic debris is primarily sourced from terrestrial input, coastal environments are particularly affected by deposition. Because of their pneumatophores, mangroves have been recognized for their importance in confining plastic waste. Crabs are a dominant component of the mangrove ecosystem and play a critical role in maintaining healthy and resilient mangrove forests. Therefore, the presence of debris fragmented from waste, in their habitat is a potential threat. However, the potential ingestion of microplastic pieces by mangrove crabs has not yet been investigated. Here, we quantified microparticles found in the cardiac stomachs and gill chambers of four species of crabs. All specimens collected had anthropogenic microparticles present either via their digestive or respiratory systems. We observed significant variability in the abundance and types of anthropogenic microparticles across sites and species. Interspecific differences appear to be explained by their particular feeding habits, with less selective species ingesting more particles.