bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI in acute muscle tears in athletes: can quantitative T2 and DTI predict return to play better than visual assessment?
Authors: Biglands J. D. , Grainger A. J. , Robinson P. , Tanner S. F. , Tan A. L. , Feiweier T. , Evans R. , Emery P. , O’Connor P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the ability of quantitative T2, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and radiologist’s scores to detect muscle changes following acute muscle tear in soccer and rugby players. To assess the ability of these parameters to predict return to play times.

Methods
In this prospective, longitudinal study, 13 male athletes (age 19 to 34 years; mean 25 years) underwent MRI within 1 week of suffering acute muscle tear. Imaging included measurements of T2 and DTI parameters. Images were also assessed using modified Peetrons and British athletics muscle injury classification (BAMIC) scores. Participants returned for a second scan within 1 week of being determined fit to return to play. MRI measurements were compared between visits. Pearson’s correlation between visit 1 measurements and return to play times was assessed.

Results
There were significant differences between visits in BAMIC scores (Z = − 2.088; p = 0.037), modified Peetrons (Z = − 2.530; p = 0.011) and quantitative MRI measurements; T2, 13.12 ms (95% CI, 4.82 ms, 21.42 ms; p = 0.01); mean diffusivity (0.22 (0.04, 0.39); p = 0.02) and fractional anisotropy (0.07 (0.01, 0.14); p = 0.03). BAMIC scores showed a significant correlation with return to play time (Rs = 0.64; p = 0.02), but modified Peetrons scores and quantitative parameters did not.

Conclusions
T2 and DTI measurements in muscle can detect changes due to healing following muscle tear. Although BAMIC scores correlated well with return to play times, in this small study, quantitative MRI values did not, suggesting that T2 and DTI measurements are inferior predictors of return to play time compared with visual scoring.

Key Points
• Muscle changes following acute muscle tear can be measured using T2 and diffusion measurements on MRI.
• Measurements of T2 and diffusion using MRI are not as good as a radiologist’s visual report at predicting return to play time after acute muscle tear.
The importance of North Atlantic Ocean transports for seasonal forecasts
Authors: Tietsche Steffen , Balmaseda Magdalena , Zuo Hao , Roberts Christopher , Mayer Michael , Ferranti Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a main driver for predictability at decadal time scales, but has been largely ignored in the context of seasonal forecasts. Here, we show compelling evidence that AMOC initialization can have a direct and strong impact on seasonal forecasts. Winter reforecasts with SEAS5, the current operational seasonal forecasting system by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, exhibit errors of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the western part of the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre that are strongly correlated with decadal variations in the AMOC initial conditions. In the early reforecast period 1981–1996, too warm SST coincide with an overly strong AMOC transporting excessive heat into the region. In the ocean reanalyses providing the forecast initial conditions, excessive heat transport is balanced by additional surface cooling from relaxing towards observed SST, and therefore the fit to observations is acceptable. However, the additional surface cooling contributes to enhanced deep convection and strengthens the AMOC, thereby establishing a feedback loop. In the forecasts, where the SST relaxation is absent, the balance is disrupted, and fast growth of SST errors ensues. The warm SST bias has a strong local impact on surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure, and precipitation patterns, but remote impact is small. In the late reforecast period 2001–2016, neither the SST in the western North Atlantic nor the AMOC show large biases. The non-stationarity of the bias prevents an effective forecast calibration and causes an apparent loss of skill in the affected region. The case presented here demonstrates the importance of correctly initializing slowly varying aspects of the Earth System such as the AMOC in order to improve forecasts on seasonal and shorter time scales.
The identification of differentially expressed genes in male and female gametophytes of simple thalloid liverwort Pellia endiviifolia sp. B using an RNA-seq approach
Authors: Sierocka Izabela , Alaba Sylwia , Jarmolowski Artur , Karlowski Wojciech M. , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMain conclusionThis study shows differences in gene expression between male and female gametophytes of the simple thalloid liverwort with a distinction between the vegetative and reproductive phases of growth.AbstractPellia endiviifoliais a simple thalloid liverwort that, together with hornworts and mosses, represents the oldest living land plants. The limited taxon sampling for genomic and functional studies hampers our understanding of processes governing evolution of these plants. RNA sequencing represents an attractive way to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of non-model species development. In the present study, RNA-seq was used to profile the differences in gene expression betweenP. endiviifoliamale and female gametophytes, with a distinction between the vegetative and reproductive phases of growth. By comparison of the gene expression profiles from individuals producing sex organs with the remaining thalli types, we have determined a set of genes whose expression might be important for the development ofP. endiviifoliareproductive organs. The selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorized into five main pathways: metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems. A comparison of the obtained data with theMarchantia polymorphatranscriptome resulted in the identification of genes exhibiting a similar expression pattern during the reproductive phase of growth between members of the two distinct liverwort classes. The common expression profile of 87 selected genes suggests a common mechanism governing sex organ development in both liverwort species. The obtained RNA-seq results were confirmed by RT-qPCR for the DEGs with the highest differences in expression level. FivePellia-female-specific and twoPellia-male-specific DEGs showed enriched expression in archegonia and antheridia, respectively. The identified genes are promising candidates for functional studies of their involvement in liverwort sexual reproduction.
Assessment of an isogeometric approach with Catmull–Clark subdivision surfaces using the Laplace–Beltrami problems
Authors: Liu Zhaowei , McBride Andrew , Saxena Prashant , Steinmann Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn isogeometric approach for solving the Laplace–Beltrami equation on a two-dimensional manifold embedded in three-dimensional space using a Galerkin method based on Catmull–Clark subdivision surfaces is presented and assessed. The scalar-valued Laplace–Beltrami equation requires only$$C^0$$C0continuity and is adopted to elucidate key features and properties of the isogeometric method using Catmull–Clark subdivision surfaces. Catmull–Clark subdivision bases are used to discretise both the geometry and the physical field. A fitting method generates control meshes to approximate any given geometry with Catmull–Clark subdivision surfaces. The performance of the Catmull–Clark subdivision method is compared to the conventional finite element method. Subdivision surfaces without extraordinary vertices show the optimal convergence rate. However, extraordinary vertices introduce error, which decreases the convergence rate. A comparative study shows the effect of the number and valences of the extraordinary vertices on accuracy and convergence. An adaptive quadrature scheme is shown to reduce the error.
A novel method for assessing climate change impacts in ecotron experiments
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , Zscheischler Jakob , Gudmundsson Lukas , Keuler Klaus , Rineau Francois , Beenaerts Natalie , Vangronsveld Jaco , Vicca Sara , Thiery Wim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEcotron facilities allow accurate control of many environmental variables coupled with extensive monitoring of ecosystem processes. They therefore require multivariate perturbation of climate variables, close to what is observed in the field and projections for the future. Here, we present a new method for creating realistic climate forcing for manipulation experiments and apply it to the UHasselt Ecotron experiment. The new methodology uses data derived from the best available regional climate model projection and consists of generating climate forcing along a gradient representative of increasingly high global mean air temperature anomalies. We first identified the best-performing regional climate model simulation for the ecotron site from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble based on two criteria: (i) highest skill compared to observations from a nearby weather station and (ii) representativeness of the multi-model mean in future projections. The time window is subsequently selected from the model projection for each ecotron unit based on the global mean air temperature of the driving global climate model. The ecotron units are forced with 3-hourly output from the projections of the 5-year period in which the global mean air temperature crosses the predefined values. With the new approach, Ecotron facilities become able to assess ecosystem responses on changing climatic conditions, while accounting for the co-variation between climatic variables and their projection in variability, well representing possible compound events. The presented methodology can also be applied to other manipulation experiments, aiming at investigating ecosystem responses to realistic future climate change.
A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for the offline Bin Packing Problem
Authors: Borgulya Istvan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present an evolutionary heuristic for the offline one-dimensional Bin Packing Problem. In this problem we have to pack a set of items into bins of the same capacity, and the objective is to minimize the number of bins used. Our algorithm is a hybrid evolutionary algorithm where an individual is a feasible solution, and it contains the description of the bins. The algorithm works without recombination; it uses two new mutation operators and improves the quality of the solutions with local search procedures. The mutation operators’ work is based on a relative pair frequency matrix, and, based on this matrix, we know the frequency of every pair of items i.e. how often they are included in the same bin in the best solutions. The frequency matrix helps to pack items into subsets of items; these subsets are the bins in our problem. The algorithm was tested on well-known benchmark instances from the literature and was compared with both evolutionary and state-of-the-art algorithms. Our algorithm achieved a valuable result with the difficult hard28 test set, and in most of the test problems it reached the optimum.
The Poisson equation on Riemannian manifolds with weighted Poincaré inequality at infinity
Authors: Catino Giovanni , Monticelli Dario D. , Punzo Fabio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe prove an existence result for the Poisson equation on non-compact Riemannian manifolds satisfying weighted Poincaré inequalities outside compact sets. Our result applies to a large class of manifolds including, for instance, all non-parabolic manifolds with minimal positive Green’s function vanishing at infinity. On the source function, we assume a sharp pointwise decay depending on the weight appearing in the Poincaré inequality and on the behavior of the Ricci curvature at infinity. We do not require any curvature or spectral assumptions on the manifold. In comparison with previous works, we can deal with a more general setting on the curvature bounds and without any spectral assumption.
Psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism and commitment among self-initiated expatriates vs. host country nationals in the Chinese and Malaysian transnational education sector
Authors: Lapointe Émilie , Vandenberghe Christian , Fan Shea X. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn today’s global economy, self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) and host country nationals (HCNs) both represent critical human resources for organizations operating globally. Yet, because these two groups of employees have been studied separately, little is known about how SIEs’ and HCNs’ perceptions of, and attitudes towards the organization compare and diverge (vs. converge) in terms of implications for human resource management. This study aims to contribute to fill this gap by examining psychological contract breach, organizational cynicism, and organizational commitment components (i.e., affective, normative, and continuance) among a sample of 156 SIEs and HCNs working in the Chinese and Malaysian transnational education sector. Using a one-year time-lagged study, we found that compared to HCNs, SIEs experienced more organizational cynicism and less affective, normative, and continuance commitment. Moreover, the breach-organizational cynicism relationship was stronger (i.e., more positive) among SIEs than HCNs. The indirect relationships between breach and affective and continuance commitment, as mediated by organizational cynicism, were also stronger (i.e., more negative) among SIEs than HCNs. Implications for human resource management are discussed under the lens of Conservation of Resources theory.
Accuracy of fully coupled and sequential approaches for modeling hydro- and geomechanical processes
Authors: Beck M. , Rinaldi A. P. , Flemisch B. , Class H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubsurface flow and geomechanics are often modeled with sequential approaches. This can be computationally beneficial compared with fully coupled schemes, while it requires usually compromises in numerical accuracy, at least when the sequential scheme is non-iterative. We discuss the influence of the choice of scheme on the numerical accuracy and the expected computational effort based on a comparison of a fully coupled scheme, a scheme employing a one-way coupling, and an iterative scheme using a fixed-stress split for two subsurface injection scenarios. All these schemes were implemented in the numerical simulator DuMux. This study identifies conditions of problem settings where differences due to the choice of the model approach are as important as differences in geologic features. It is shown that in particular transient and multiphase flow, effects can be causing significant deviations between non-iterative and iterative sequential schemes, which might be in the same order of magnitude as geologic uncertainty. An iterated fixed-stress split has the same numerical accuracy as a fully coupled scheme but only for a certain number of iterations which might use up the computational advantage of solving two smaller systems of equations rather than a big monolithical one.
Linking Human Destruction of Nature to COVID-19 Increases Support for Wildlife Conservation Policies
Authors: Shreedhar Ganga , Mourato Susana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates if narratives varying the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic affects pro-wildlife conservation outcomes. In a pre-registered online experiment (N = 1081), we randomly allocated subjects to either a control group or to one of three narrative treatment groups, each presenting a different likely cause of the COVID-19 outbreak: an animal cause; an animal and human cause (AHC); and an animal, human or lab cause. We found that the AHC narrative elicited significantly greater pro-conservation policy support, especially for bans in the commercial trade of wildlife, when compared to the control group. Possible mechanisms driving this effect are that AHC narratives were less familiar, elicited higher mental and emotional engagement, and induced feelings that firms and governments are responsible for mitigating wildlife extinction.
Effects of two kinds of fishery drugs on the expressions of GAD and GABA-T mRNA in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)
Authors: Zhang Fan , Hu Kun , Huang Jianzhen , Tan Zhi , Ruan Jiming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of difloxacin (DIF) and avermectin (AVM) on glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in different tissues of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). After the treatments of DIF and AVM, the mRNA expressions of GAD and GABA-T in different tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the mRNA expressions of GAD65, GAD67, and GABA-T in the telencephalon (Tel), mesencephalon (Mes), cerebella (Cer), and medulla oblongata (Med) were downregulated significantly with the safe dose (SD, 20 mg/kg) of DIF (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). While the expressions of GAD65 and GAD67 in the kidney at 12 h had strikingly upregulated to 13.81 ± 1.06** and 150.67 ± 12.85** times. Treated with the lethal dose of 50% (LD50, 2840 mg/kg b. W.) of DIF, the mRNA expressions of GAD65, GAD67, and GABA-T in all tissues were increased significantly (P < 0.01). The results of AVM group showed that the mRNA expressions of GAD65, GAD67, and GABA-T both in the central and peripheral tissues were all remarkably downregulated at the safe concentration (SC, 0.0039 mg/L) and the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50, 0.039 mg/L), except for the mRNA inhibitions of GAD65, GAD67, and GABA-T in the muscle at 2 h which sharply downregulated to 0.20 ± 0.02ΔΔ × 10−2, 0.57 ± 0.06ΔΔ × 10−1 and 0.44 ± 0.02ΔΔ × 10−1, respectively (P < 0.01).
Airborne reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with nano TiO2 concentrations in aerosolized cement particles during simulated work activities
Authors: Batsungnoen Kiattisak , Riediker Michael , Hopf Nancy B. , Suárez Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic cement is self-cleaning due to the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, which react with sunlight (UV) and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Construction workers using photocatalytic cement are exposed not only to cement particles that are irritants but also to nano TiO2 and UV, both carcinogens, as well as the generated ROS. Quantifying ROS generated from added nano TiO2 in photocatalytic cement is necessary to efficiently assess combined health risks. We designed and built an experimental setup to generate, under controlled environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, UV irradiance), both regular and photocatalytic cement aerosols. In addition, cement working activities—namely bag emptying and concrete cutting—were simulated in an exposure chamber while continuously measuring particle size distribution/concentration with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). ROS production was measured with a newly developed photonic sensing system based on a colorimetric assay. ROS production generated from the photocatalytic cement aerosol exposed to UV (3.3∙10−9 nmol/pt) was significantly higher than for regular cement aerosol, either UV-exposed (0.5∙10−9 nmol/pt) or not (1.1∙10−9 nmol/pt). Quantitatively, the level of photocatalytic activity measured for nano TiO2-containing cement aerosol was in good agreement with the one obtained with only nano TiO2 aerosol at similar experimental conditions of temperature and relative humidity (around 60%). As a consequence, we recommend that exposure reduction strategies, in addition to cement particle exposures, also consider nano TiO2 and in situ–generated ROS, in particular if the work is done in sunny environments.
Ist Bewegung eine Frage des Geldes? Eine Analyse des Kostengeschehens kommunaler Prävention für Kinder aus Nutzerperspektive
Authors: Weyers S. , Dintsios C. M. , Lisak-Wahl S. , Götz S. , Nguyen T. , Kreffter K. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kinder mit niedrigem Sozialstatus haben häufiger motorische Defizite, gleichzeitig nehmen sie Angebote zur Bewegungsförderung seltener wahr. Die Gründe dafür sind unklar. Im Zusammenhang mit finanziellen Barrieren ist das objektive Kostengeschehen aus Nutzerperspektive bisher kaum erforscht, insbesondere nicht im Hinblick auf soziale Ungleichheit.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie soll zwei Fragen beantworten: Welche Kosten müssen Eltern für die Bewegungsangebote ihrer Kinder erbringen? Wie erschwinglich sind diese Angebote für sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Familien?

Material und Methoden
Zunächst wurden 36 Angebote freigemeinnütziger Träger in Düsseldorf für Kinder bis 6 Jahre identifiziert. Zu diesen Angeboten wurde jeweils der Preis pro Kurseinheit, pro Zeitstunde und pro Monat berechnet. Für die Bestimmung der Erschwinglichkeit wurden das günstigste und das teuerste Angebot nach Ermäßigung in Relation zum frei verfügbaren Einkommen einer alleinerziehenden Familie mit Arbeitslosengeld(ALG)-II-Bezug gesetzt.

Ergebnisse
Preise für Eltern-Baby-Kurse rangieren zwischen 20,00 und 48,00 € pro Monat, für Eltern-Kind-Kurse zwischen 4,00 und 44,00 € und für Wasser- und Schwimmangebote zwischen 18,00 und 28,86 €. Ermäßigte Kurspreise können zwischen 4,10 und 21,60 % des frei zur Verfügung stehenden Einkommens einer alleinerziehenden Familie mit ALG-II-Bezug ausmachen.

Diskussion
Kommunale Bewegungsangebote werden an die finanziellen Bedürfnisse von Familien angepasst. Für sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Familien sind sie jedoch nicht immer erschwinglich. Weitere Ermäßigungen bei ausgewählten Angeboten könnten die Inanspruchnahme von Kindern mit niedrigem Sozialstatus an Bewegungsangeboten erhöhen.
Trade Shows and SME Internationalisation: Networking for Performance
Authors: Gerschewski Stephan , Evers Natasha , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Froese Fabian Jintae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrade shows are a key vehicle where SMEs often develop networks, through which valuable resources for internationalisation can be acquired. However, there tends to be a scarcity of research on the performance outcomes of network development of international SMEs (ISMEs), particularly, in trade show forums. Adopting a network-based view, we investigate the influence of trade shows on the performance of ISMEs. Results from a survey of 229 Australian and New Zealand SMEs indicate that proactiveness is positively associated with the development of networks through trade shows, which, in turn, increases the firms’ operational performance, but not financial performance. In addition, the effect of trade shows is generally more beneficial for ISMEs in the service industry, compared to other industries.