bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolitics, Economic Freedom and Economic Performance
Authors: Weede Erich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeopolitics and economics overlap in studying the rise and decline of nations. One influential explanation of the rise of Europe and the West, of them overcoming mass poverty before other civilizations, contrasts the geopolitical fragmentation of Europe with civilizations unified under repressive rule elsewhere, and explains the rise of the West by its greater degree of economic freedom than elsewhere. After World War II, the dominant economy promoted economic freedom globally and thereby granted advantages of backwardness to less fortunate peoples. Although the global expansion of economic freedom lifted at least one billion people out of abject poverty, the same process undermined American economic dominance. The imminent power transition between America and China implies an increased risk of war. If a trade war between China and America ends the era of globalization, then the outlook becomes dark: less economic freedom, less prosperity, less political stability and higher risks of war.
Assessment of wood industrial pollutants based on emission coefficients in China
Authors: Chu Jie , Kumar Anuj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe implementation of circular economy in wood industries is an effective way for future sustainable development. The wood industries in China are not in the direction of circular economy approach due to less availability of assessment/calculation data of pollutants as per life cycle assessment (LCA) criteria. The present study focuses on the calculation of emission and pollutants from wood industries as per LCA; the emission and pollution data were collected from fiberboard Medium-density fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard (PB) production. The comparative analysis of dust emissions, industrial waste gases and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were performed among three wood industries. The results revealed that the fiberboard industry was the highest emitter of dust, industrial waste gas and COD; and particleboard industry was the least emitter. Further, results indicated that pollutant index of wood industries were significantly changed between 2015 and 2017; the industrial waste water discharge increased five folds and the COD, dust and industrial gases increased two times. This study provides with the emission and pollutants data of wood industries as per LCA to promote the sustainable development for circular and low carbon economics.
Influence of cooling rate on the physical properties, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of heat-treated rubberwood
Authors: Chen Chuanfu , Tu Dengyun , Zhao Xiangyu , Zhou Qiaofang , Cherdchim Banyat , Hu Chuanshuang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to reduce the loss of mechanical strength in heat-treated rubberwood by rapid cooling. Heat-treated rubberwood specimens were prepared by controlling their cooling rate during the cooling phase of the heat treatment. The effects of cooling rate on the physical properties, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of heat-treated rubberwood were evaluated. Results indicated that cooling rate significantly influenced mass loss (ML). ML in heat-treated rubberwood cooled at 6 °C min−1 decreased by 23% relative to that in heat-treated rubberwood subjected to natural cooling. Compared with the heat-treated rubberwood subjected to natural cooling, the heat-treated rubberwood that was cooled at 4.5 °C min−1 increased in modulus of rupture (MOR), surface hardness, and screw withdrawal strength (tangential section) by 26, 8, and 16%, respectively. The cool rates exerted less effects on the dimensional stability, surface color, modulus of elasticity (MOE), compressive strength parallel to grain (CS), and screw withdrawal strength (radial section) of the heat-treated rubberwood. The application of rapid cooling to wood heat treatment could efficiently shortened the heat treatment period, thus increasing productivity.
Reduction of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) formation at near-neutral pH chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp
Authors: Starrsjö Sara , Sevastyanova Olena , Sandström Peter , Fiskari Juha , Boman Maria , Lindström Mikael E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recently, a new type of bleaching sequence, Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) light with one D stage, has been developed. It combines the efficiency and high selectivity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) bleaching with more environmental friendly oxygen based bleaching chemicals. This work examines the effect of pH on the formation of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) in an intermediate D stage – a single ClO2 stage at the middle of an ECF light bleaching sequence. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to generate a bicarbonate buffer in situ, stabilizing the pH during the bleaching. Near-neutral pH is hypothesized to decrease the formation of strongly chlorinating species, so that the AOX formation is reduced. The results indicate that a near-neutral pH D stage can reduce the AOX content in the effluents with up to 30%. The ISO brightness was unchanged to a lower ClO2 consumption. The pulp viscosity was slightly higher after near-neutral pH D stage, but to its disadvantage a lesser delignification and removal of HexA was obtained. The degradation of HexA correlated well with the AOX, affirming earlier theories that HexA has a major impact on the AOX formation. The higher amounts of residual HexA and lignin resulted in more thermal yellowing of the pulps bleached with a near-neutral pH D stage.
From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis
Authors: Lill Roland 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Protein cofactors often are the business ends of proteins, and are either synthesized inside cells or are taken up from the nutrition. A cofactor that strictly needs to be synthesized by cells is the iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster. This evolutionary ancient compound performs numerous biochemical functions including electron transfer, catalysis, sulfur mobilization, regulation and protein stabilization. Since the discovery of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis two decades ago, more than 30 biogenesis factors have been identified in mitochondria and cytosol. They support the synthesis, trafficking and target-specific insertion of Fe/S clusters. In this review, I first summarize what led to the initial discovery of Fe/S protein biogenesis in yeast. I then discuss the function and localization of Fe/S proteins in (non-green) eukaryotes. The major part of the review provides a detailed synopsis of the three major steps of mitochondrial Fe/S protein biogenesis, i.e. the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster on a scaffold protein, the Hsp70 chaperone-mediated transfer of the cluster and integration into [2Fe-2S] recipient apoproteins, and the reductive fusion of [2Fe-2S] to [4Fe-4S] clusters and their subsequent assembly into target apoproteins. Finally, I summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins.
Solidification pathways and phase equilibria in the Mo–Ti–C ternary system
Authors: Ida Shuntaro , Sekido Nobuaki , Yoshimi Kyosuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe liquidus surface projection and isothermal section at 1,800°C in the Mo–Ti–C ternary system are examined using arc-melted alloys. A ternary transition peritectic reaction (L + Mo2C → Mo + TiC) takes place during solidification, which is apparently different from the ternary eutectic reaction (L → Mo + TiC + Mo2C) observed in a previous report. Since the composition of the eutectic reaction (L → Mo + TiC) shifts toward the Mo–Ti binary line with increasing Ti concentration, the volume fraction of the Mo phase and the interlamellar spacing of the Mo and TiC phases increase in the eutectic microstructure. At 1,800°C, the TiC phase in equilibrium with the Mo phase can contain more than 28 at% Mo and a Mo/TiC/Mo2C three-phase region exists at around Mo–15Ti–10C.
„Wie tief der kern dieses Volkes dem antiken wesen verwandt ist“ „Cultural Brokers“ und ihre Strategien zur Vermittlung des Unbekannten
Authors: Schönhärl Korinna 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Aufsatz fragt nach Strategien kultureller Vermittler, den bei der Erstbegegnung mit einer fremden Kultur eintretenden Schock zu verarbeiten und die kulturellen Differenzen neu zu semantisieren und sinnhaft zu deuten. Er greift drei geografisch und chronologisch weit auseinanderliegende Fallbeispiele von kulturellen Vermittlern auf, die vor dem Hintergrund ihres umfassenden antiken Bildungswissens versuchten, die Fremde als „lebende Antike“ zu interpretieren: Missionare in Neuspanien im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, einen Griechenlandreisenden der 1830er und einen Japanreisenden der 1930er Jahre. Der analysierte Vermittlungsprozess wird als „doppelte Allelopoiese“ beschrieben: die brokers stilisierten einerseits die Antike als zwar weit zurückliegenden, aber essentiellen Teil ihrer eigenen kulturellen Identität; sie parallelisierten andererseits die fremde Lebenswelt, mit der sie konfrontiert wurden, mit eben dieser Antike; in einem (nur analytisch zu isolierenden) dritten Schritt konnten sie so Parallelen zwischen der Fremde und dem Eigenen hervorheben und wechselseitige kulturelle Aneignungen (Transformationen) einleiten und rechtfertigen. Der Artikel schlägt eine weitere Ausarbeitung der „doppelten Allelopoiese“ als analytisches Instrument für die Erforschung der cultural brokers vor.
Innenansichten des Bundesrates im Deutschen Kaiserreich 1871–1918
Authors: Haardt Oliver F. R. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz möchte den bisher weitgehend vernachlässigten Bundesrat ins Blickfeld der Forschung zur Politik- und Verfassungsgeschichte des Kaiserreiches rücken. Zu diesem Zweck durchleuchtet er die innere Dynamik des Bundesrates und klärt deren Bezug zu den größeren Entwicklungen des föderalen Regierungssystems. Der erste Abschnitt des Aufsatzes beschreibt die Aufgaben und Arbeitsweisen des Bundesrates. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Reichsverfassung ihm eine zentrale Stellung im nationalen Willensbildungsprozess gab. Danach werden die methodischen Grundlagen einer Analyse vorgestellt, die in den nächsten beiden Abschnitten das Anwesenheitsverhalten der preußischen und kleinstaatlichen Bundesratsdelegationen statistisch untersucht. Der erste Teil dieser Betrachtung zeigt, dass die preußische Bank über die Jahre immer mehr von Vertretern der obersten Reichsverwaltung infiltriert und so zu einem Instrument der Reichsleitung wurde. Der quantitative Nachweis dieser Entwicklung liefert den ersten belastbaren Beleg für die Verreichlichung Preußens. Der zweite Teil der statistischen Analyse deckt ein komplexes Vertretungssystem unter den Kleinstaaten auf. Dieses stellte sicher, dass ein Großteil der kleinen Fürstentümer stets mit Preußen stimmte und so zuverlässige Mehrheiten für die preußische Bundesratsbank bereitstellte. Nachdem diese von Reichsbeamten übernommen worden war, hatte die Reichsleitung den Bundesrat daher fest im Griff. Der letzte Abschnitt des Aufsatzes zeigt, dass diese internen Entwicklungen des Bundesrates in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem Wandel seiner Funktion im Regierungssystem, der Zentralisierung der föderalen Kompetenzstruktur und der schrittweisen Ausdehnung des Einflusses des Reichstags über die Reichsleitung standen.
Una aproximación etnográfica a las narrativas producidas en contextos de migración
Authors: Patiño-Santos Adriana 
Published: May 2020

Resumen
Este artículo sitúa la narrativa, en sus diferentes formas, como uno de los métodos preferidos por los etnógrafos sociolingüistas que trabajan en temas de migración, para recoger las experiencias tanto de las personas migrantes, sus razones para migrar y sus percepciones frente a las sociedades de llegada. Asimismo, busca integrar al análisis cuestiones referidas a dos formas de reflexividad. Por un lado, la reflexividad que se produce en las narraciones de los participantes, al dar cuenta del curso de sus acciones y, por otra, la reflexividad metodológica que tiene que ejercer el etnógrafo en el campo, además de aspectos referidos a las condiciones bajo las cuales estas narrativas son co-producidas. Solo así se podrán comprender las razones de los narradores para contarnos sus historias en el momento y de la forma en la que lo hacen.
Bisphenol S adsorption with activated carbon prepared from corncob: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Han Xiuli , Chang Chun , Li Pan , Li Hongwei , Xu Chunbao (Charles) 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Activated carbon derived from raw corncob (CCAC), which prepared with steam as the activating agent, was used to adsorb bisphenol S (BPS) from aqueous solution. Characterizations of CCAC were measured by using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption conditions including initial BPS concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir and Koble–Corrigan models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of BPS was found to be 617.29 mg g−1 at 298 K. Based on the thermodynamic parameters analysis, the BPS adsorption process was turned out to be spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption process of BPS was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It also found that H-bonding, π–π interaction, and electrostatic interaction were the main mechanisms in the process of BPS adsorption onto the CCAC.
Optimization of multiple parameters of coking wastewater (CWW): catalytic thermolysis (CT) at high pressure reactor (HPR)
Authors: Verma Vibha , Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar , Mazumdar Bidyut 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPresent study deals with the treatment of coking waste water (CWW) for the reduction of pollutants COD, phenol and cyanide using catalytic thermolysis (CT). For screening of catalyst and optimization of pH the CT was performed at 100 °C, pH = 3–11 using catalyst mass loading Cw = 3 g/L. In this study Cu (NO3)2gave best performance. Further, CT was carried out using Cu (NO3)2catalyst in high pressure reactor (HPR). The investigated parameters range were initial pH (pHi) = 3–11, Cw = 1–5 g/L, temperature (T) = 100–160 °C and treatment time (tR) = 6 h. The maximum percentage reduction for COD, phenol and cyanide were 83.33, 80.57 and 97.61%, respectively at pH = 9, Cw = 4 g/L, T = 140 °C and tR = 6 h. The CT did not give complete reduction of pollutant; therefore it was further treated using adsorption process as second stage treatment. The initial value of COD = 610 mg/L, phenol = 70.58 mg/L and cyanide = 0.45 mg/L were further reduced to 98.85, 100.00 and 55.55%, respectively, when adsorption process was performed at pH = 9, adsorbents dose Aw = 4 g/L, tR = 2 h. The response surface methodology (RSM) was performed through central composite design (CCD) for the designing of experiments and optimization of both the process. The kinetics studies of CT at HPR showed first order with respect to COD and phenol, and 0.24–0.608 order with respect to CW.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill. var. Drymifolia): optimization and modeling
Authors: Che-Galicia Gamaliel , Váquiro-Herrera Henry A. , Sampieri Álvaro , Corona-Jiménez Edith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUltrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed to extract the total phenolic compounds from avocado (Persea americana Mill. var. Drymifolia; Lauraceae) leaves with different electric powers (UAE 0%, UAE 60%, and UAE 100%) and extraction times. Ultrasonic extraction parameters were optimized by using a mathematical model made by stepwise regression (SWR) for the determination of the maximum total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity. Moreover, TPC extraction was modeled applying heterogeneous models to elucidate the involved mechanisms phenomena that determine the extraction rates. Optimization results found that the maximum value of TPC reached 48,732 mg GAE/100 g D.M. at 84.5% electric power and 29.7 min of extraction, which was superior to 0% electric power UAE. It was also found that the ultrasound causes the degradation of phenolic compounds, whereas the final extraction yield of TPC increases and their antioxidant activity decreased with the increase of ultrasound electric power. Proposed models gave a satisfactory quality of fit data using a second-order reaction for the degradation kinetics of TPC under ultrasound application. The estimated effective diffusivity values were in a range from 1.3889 × 10−11 m2/s to 2.2128 × 10−11 m2/s for the UAE 0% and UAE 100%, respectively. UAE significantly increased the extraction yield through the enhancement of the effective diffusivity, demonstrating that it is a promising technology to extract phenolic substances from avocado leaves.
Copper-chelating peptide from salmon by-product proteolysate
Authors: Vo Tam D.L. , Pham Khoa Trong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aims of this study included evaluation of copper-binding capacity (CBC) and amino acid composition of salmon by-product proteolysate and its peptide fractions, optimization of hydrolysis condition, and identification of copper-binding peptides from the proteolysate. The result was that under the ideal hydrolysis (Neutrase, temperature of 45 °C, pH 7, enzyme:substrate (E:S) proportion of 72.24 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 8.02 h), the proteolysate had the indispensable amino acid content at approximately 38.7% and also displayed the maximal CBC of 15163.6 µg Cu2+/g protein. Besides, four peptide fractions of 10–30 kDa, 3–10 kDa, 1–3 kDa, and <1 kDa were recovered using ultrafiltration, among which the <1 kDa fraction had the highest CBC of 10852.00 ± 895.06 µgCu2+/g protein. A copper-binding peptide, Phe-Ile-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ala-Phe-Ile-Arg (1110 Da), was identified from this fraction using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). As a whole, the proteolysate/peptides could be used for copper enhancement that could shield human body from copper inadequacy disorders.
Chemometric analysis reveals influences of hot air drying on the degradation of polyphenols in red radish
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Bi Jiao , Li Yuhong , Chen Chunlian , Zhao Xin , Zheng Qiaoran , Tan Si , Gao Xiaoxv 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hot air drying is a commonly used technology in the preservation of red radish. This study was designed to investigate the correlations among total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and polyphenol compounds in hot air dried red radish via chemometric analysis. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis detected nine non-anthocyanin polyphenols and one anthocyanin in fresh and dried red radish samples, and found that hot air drying at 80 °C caused an increase in the p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid content of the red radish. The integral effect of hot air drying on the polyphenol profile of red radish was analyzed by principle component analysis, while sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that hot air drying induced changes mainly in the contents of poncirin, naringenin, phloetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside. These polyphenol degradations occurred as non-spontaneous and endothermic reactions during the hot air drying process, following first-order reaction kinetics.
Zum Erwerb des Deutschen als Zweitsprache durch zugewanderte Kinder im Grundschulalter: Entwicklungsstand im Bereich der Verbstellung nach zwölf Kontaktmonaten
Authors: Pagonis Giulio , Karas-Bauer Monika 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
In dem Beitrag wird die Verbstellungskompetenz von zwölf neu zugewanderten Grundschulkindern nach einem Jahr Kontakt zum Deutschen dokumentiert. Die Ergebnisse belegen zielsprachliche Kompetenz bei Hauptsätzen mit einfachem und komplexem Prädikat. Auch die Verbzweitstellung ist, anders als die Verbendstellung in Nebensätzen, für die meisten Kinder belegbar. Damit wird die Annahme implikativer Erwerbsabfolgen bestätigt, gleichzeitig relativieren die hier vorgestellten Daten frühere Befunde zur Erwerbsgeschwindigkeit.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations and Food Retail Market Structure: Is There a Connection?
Authors: Volpe Richard , Cai Xiaowei , Schroeter Christiane , Mancino Lisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We pair IRI household purchase records with Nielsen TDLinx data on the retail food environment to investigate the associations between retail market structure and Americans’ adherence to the Dietary Guidelines. We focus specifically on fruit and vegetable consumption, as proxied by purchases. Controlling for various household characteristics, we find that increased market concentration is associated with lower produce consumption and weaker adherence to recommendations. We also find a number of small but significant associations with respect to the presence of nontraditional retail formats.
Short-term analysis of internal and external CORS clocks
Authors: Maciuk Kamil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides high-accuracy clock products for both GNSS satellites and stations. On board of each GNSS satellite are located 3–4 atomic oscillators. In the case of CORS oscillators, the majority of them are equipped with internal oscillators and a part uses external, high-rate clocks. In the IGS network there are four types of external oscillators: quartz, rubidium, caesium and H-maser. These CORS are often reference stations for precise GNSS measurements or for time transfer. In this paper the author provides analyses of the internal and external stability of the reference stations oscillators via the usage of Allan variations. The results show a strong advantage of the external clocks over internal ones by about five orders of magnitude.
Ferulic acid through mitigation of NMDA receptor pathway exerts anxiolytic-like effect in mouse model of maternal separation stress
Authors: Lorigooini Zahra , Nouri Ali , mottaghinia Faezeh , Balali-Dehkordi Shima , Bijad Elham , Dehkordi Saeid Habibian , Soltani Amin , Amini-Khoei Hossein 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Experiencing early-life stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Ferulic acid is a phenolic compound found in some plants which has several pharmacological properties. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In this study we aimed to assess the anxiolytic-like effect of ferulic acid in a mouse model of maternal separation (MS) stress by focusing on the possible involvement of NMDA receptors.

Methods
Mice were treated with ferulic acid (5 and 40 mg/kg) alone and in combination with NMDA receptor agonist/antagonist. Valid behavioral tests were performed, including open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM), while quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate gene expression of NMDA subunits (GluN2A and GluN2B) in the hippocampus.

Results
Findings showed that treatment of MS mice with ferulic acid increased the time spent in the central zone of the OFT and increased both open arm time and the percent of open arm entries in the EPM. Ferulic acid reduced the expression of NMDA receptor subunit genes. We showed that administration of NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA) and antagonist (ketamine) exerted anxiogenic and anxiolytic-like effects, correspondingly. Results showed that co-administration of a sub-effective dose of ferulic acid plus ketamine potentiated the anxiolytic-like effect of ferulic acid. Furthermore, co-administration of an effective dose of ferulic acid plus NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA) attenuated the anxiolytic-like effect of ferulic acid.

Conclusions
In deduction, our findings showed that NMDA, partially at least, is involved in the anxiolytic-like effect of ferulic acid in the OFT and EPM tests.