bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Moringa Pods by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Hingmire Sandip , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Moringa pods are known for their nutritional and health benefits. The cultivation of this crop receives frequent pesticide applications. In the absence of risk assessment data, maximum residue limits of pesticides in this crop are considered at the default level (0.01 mg/kg). However, there exists scarcely any validated method for pesticide residue analysis in this matrix.

Objective
This study was undertaken to develop and validate a multiresidue method for the simultaneous analysis of multi-class pesticides in moringa pods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Method
The homogenized sample (10 g) was extracted with acetonitrile (10 mL). The extract was cleaned by dispersive solid-phase extraction using a combination of 50 mg primary secondary amine, 5 mg graphitized carbon black, and 25 mg C18 sorbents, and was directly analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Another portion of the extract was reconstituted in ethyl acetate before GC-MS/MS analysis. The method was validated as per the SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines using GC-MS/MS (180 pesticides) and LC-MS/MS instruments (203 pesticides).

Results
The method provided a satisfactory analysis of the targeted pesticides with good calibration linearity (r2&gt;0.99), high precision (RSD &lt; 20%), and accuracy (recoveries, 70 to 120%). The reconstitution of the acetonitrile extract in ethyl acetate significantly reduced the matrix effects on GC-MS/MS analysis. The use of matrix-matched standards could correct all recoveries.

Conclusions
The method offered a large-scale analysis of multi-class pesticides with high accuracy, and precision at 10 ng/g, and higher levels. The method performance complied with the regulatory requirements, and thus, can be implemented in routine testing purposes.

Highlights
The study reports a validated method for large-scale multiresidue analysis of pesticides in moringa matrix for the first time. The method provided a high throughput analysis of multi-class pesticides with satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision.
The effectiveness of proton beam therapy for liver metastatic recurrence in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisashi , Honda Michitaka , Hamada Koichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Todate Yukitoshi , Seto Ichiro , Takayama Kanako , Suzuki Motohisa , Wada Hitoshi , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Murakami Masao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy for liver metastatic recurrence in gastric cancer patients.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent proton beam therapy from 2010 to 2015 were isolated from our institutional database. Patients with extrahepatic metastatic lesions were excluded. Seven patients were enrolled. The median diameter of target lesions was 31 mm (13–68 mm). The most frequent dosage was 72.6 Gy equivalent in 22 fractions. The effectiveness was assessed based on the local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates. The local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Adverse events were described according to the patients’ medical records.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 41.7 months (20.7–66.3 months). The 3-year local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 85.7, 68.6 and 43%, respectively. All patients completed proton beam therapy without interruption. No grade ≥3 adverse events were observed.ConclusionsProton beam therapy might be a treatment option for patients with liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
Sovereign debt crises and cross-country assistance
Authors: Grisse Christian , Natvik Gisle J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We provide a parsimonious framework to study the interplay between cross-country assistance and expectations-driven sovereign debt crises. Our framework extends the traditional single-country model of how multiple perfect-foresight equilibria are possible when a sovereign attempts to service public debt. The extension is that a self-interested ‘safe’ country may choose to assist a ‘risky’ country which is prone to default. Investors internalize the potential for assistance when lending to fragile countries. If the safe country cannot commit to fixed cross-country transfers or rule them out completely, assistance improves equilibrium outcomes only if the risky country is fundamentally insolvent in the sense that it cannot repay existing debt at the risk-free interest rate. If a default requires pessimistic expectations, an incentive-compatible (IC) assistance policy has adverse side effects.
Automatic sleep staging using heart rate variability, body movements, and recurrent neural networks in a sleep disordered population
Authors: Fonseca Pedro , van Gilst Merel M , Radha Mustafa , Ross Marco , Moreau Arnaud , Cerny Andreas , Anderer Peter , Long Xi , van Dijk Johannes P , Overeem Sebastiaan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo validate a previously developed sleep staging algorithm using heart rate variability (HRV) and body movements in an independent broad cohort of unselected sleep disordered patients.MethodsWe applied a previously designed algorithm for automatic sleep staging using long short-term memory recurrent neural networks to model sleep architecture. The classifier uses 132 HRV features computed from electrocardiography and activity counts from accelerometry. We retrained our algorithm using two public datasets containing both healthy sleepers and sleep disordered patients. We then tested the performance of the algorithm on an independent hold-out validation set of sleep recordings from a wide range of sleep disorders collected in a tertiary sleep medicine center.ResultsThe classifier achieved substantial agreement on four-class sleep staging (wake/N1–N2/N3/rapid eye movement [REM]), with an average κ of 0.60 and accuracy of 75.9%. The performance of the sleep staging algorithm was significantly higher in insomnia patients (κ = 0.62, accuracy = 77.3%). Only in REM parasomnias, the performance was significantly lower (κ = 0.47, accuracy = 70.5%). For two-class wake/sleep classification, the classifier achieved a κ of 0.65, with a sensitivity (to wake) of 72.9% and specificity of 94.0%.ConclusionsThis study shows that the combination of HRV, body movements, and a state-of-the-art deep neural network can reach substantial agreement in automatic sleep staging compared with polysomnography, even in patients suffering from a multitude of sleep disorders. The physiological signals required can be obtained in various ways, including non-obtrusive wrist-worn sensors, opening up new avenues for clinical diagnostics.
Plates by TORTEBAT, 1760 (Paris): an Abstract of Anatomy, for painting and carving
Authors: Le Floch‐Prigent Patrice Pierre , Nguyen Juliette , Gillot Jean‐Bernard 
Published: April 2020

This edition occured in 1760 and was produced in Paris by the printer J‐B Crépy from 10 (on 12) original copper plates of a first edition published in 1668 which were kept by Charles‐Antoine Jombert. The exact title was “Abrégé d'anatomie, accomodé aux arts de peinture et de sculpture” = Abstract of anatomy, adaptated to the arts of painting and carving. It opened on 4 figures of the skeleton, then 7 figures of myology. They were inspired by Vesalius. The judgment of Cushing was: “by common consent the most beautiful reproduction of Vesalius' illustrations ever to be made”. Six of the plates presented a printed text on the reverse side. This work is probably a collaboration between Roger de Piles (1635–1709) and the engraver François Tortebat (1621–1690). It is discussed if this work is the one of Roger de Piles alone, as a note in his “Cours de peinture par principes” (Paris, 1708, p. 153) assessed: “In the past, I have written under a borrowed name (i.e. Abrégé d'Anatomie by Tortebat) an abstract of anatomy adaptated to the arts of painting and and carving”.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Similar skull morphologies are found in seals and sea lions due to combat or to feeding style
Authors: Smith Michael Lawrence , Dewar Eric Walter 
Published: April 2020

Many carnivorans exhibit sexual dimorphism in the skeleton, variously due to aggression, feeding styles, or other behaviors. Some species of seals and sea lions only use vocal displays between males for access to mates and territory, but other species engage in outright combat between individuals. Species with higher intraspecific aggression are characterized by skulls with more crest development for the emplacement of biting muscles than less‐aggressive species. Are these more prominent skull characteristics due entirely to levels of aggression?To answer this, we observed the placement of 26 bony landmarks on 14 species of seals and sea lions (n = 45, including 29 adult males and 16 adult females) using a geometric morphometric approach. We categorized these species by reported level of intraspecific aggression and diet. We found that skull proportions did differ between males from more‐aggressive and less‐aggressive categories. Particularly, we found that the skulls of most less‐aggressive species were characterized by little dimorphism between sexes, a more rounded cranium, and a relatively narrow zygomatic width. On the other hand, within more‐aggressive species, notable dimorphism in skull morphology existed between males and females. Most males from highly‐aggressive species developed more prominent nuchal and sagittal crests and wider zygomatic arches while females retained a more rounded skull morphology similar to less‐aggressive species.However, there were species that were categorized as being less‐aggressive but still possessed the more developed skull morphology of more‐aggressive species. For example, the Weddell seal and the leopard seal both developed wider zygomatic arches and taller cranial crests and they also lack notable intraspecific sexual dimorphism, but are not reported to engage in frequent combat. We propose that their skull morphologies are more likely due to the emplacement of larger muscles for feeding on larger prey.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Novel Bipartite Trapezius Muscle Variant: Functional and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Schettler Steve P , Griffiths Todd Justin , Soares Airton , Miller Joseph M.A. 
Published: April 2020

During dissection of the posterior triangle in a human cadaver (Caucasian female, 102 years of age), we observed a novel arrangement of the trapezius muscle on the subject's left side only, where it consisted of two separate muscle masses. The trapezius muscle on the subject's right side appeared normal.Regarding the trapezius muscle on the subject's left side: The superior group of muscle fibers (sometimes referred to as the descending muscle fibers of trapezius) had normal attachments to the medial superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and 7th cervical vertebra. However, the superior group of muscle fibers was completely separate from the remainder of the trapezius muscle and formed a discrete muscle mass that passed antero‐inferiorly, crossing the middle of the posterior triangle of the neck, and attached anomalously to the superior surface of the medial ½ of the clavicle. This muscle mass covered approximately 25% of the surface area of the posterior triangle. To our knowledge, this variant has not been previously described in scientific literature. The inferior part of the trapezius, consisting of middle and inferior trapezius fibers, had normal attachments to the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae, spine and acromion of the scapula.Since the superior group of muscle fibers of the trapezius muscle are normally involved in scapular elevation and superior rotation, variations of the bony attachment of these fibers would inevitably affect the normal function and kinematics of the shoulder girdle and upper limb on the affected side of the body. In addition to functional considerations, this anatomical variation has implications for surgical procedures in the posterior triangle of the neck.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Interplay between the Yes‐Associated protein and the matricellular protein CCN1 Regulates the phenotypical plasticity of endothelial cells in developing blood vessels
Authors: Chaqour Brahim , Leee Sangmi , Ahad Afrouja , Moon Sohyun 
Published: April 2020

CCN1 is a heparin and integrin‐binding matricellular protein which localizes pericellularly and acts primarily on cells that produce it. CCN1 is highly expressed at sites of active angiogenesis and tissue repair. Our studies in conditional knockout mouse models, demonstrate that endothelium‐specific deletion of the CCN1 gene results in severe vascular defects, most notably uncontrolled angiogenic sprouting and increased endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, resulting in the formation of a denser, widely lumenized vascular network. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in CCN1 gene expression and activity during angiogenesis. We found that the CCN1 gene is a target of the transcriptional coactivator Yes‐Associated protein (YAP), which acts in concert with other co‐activators such as myocardin‐related transcription factor (MRTF)‐A to activate the CCN1 promoter in angiogenic ECs. Loss of YAP function in mice is associated with reduced CCN1 promoter enrichment with YAP and decreased CCN1 gene expression. YAP is a key checkpoint of the Hippo pathway controlling cell growth, differentiation and cell‐cell junctions. It comprises a kinase cascade that inactivates by phosphorylation YAP leading to its cytoplasmic sequestration and growth inhibition. Loss of function of CCN1 in mice was associated with accumulation of active nonphosphorylated YAP in developing blood vessels. Consequently, growing ECs incorporate into preformed vessels and are no longer directed toward angiogenic sprouts, resulting in the formation of a thicker denser vasculature. In cultured ECs, a sustained expression of CCN1 through adenoviral gene transfer increases YAP phosphorylation and reduced its localization into the nucleus. CCN1‐integrin signaling through focal adhesion and the actin cytoskeleton provides the cells with a soft compliant matrix putting them in in low contractility, YAP repressive cytoskeletal states. This crosstalk between CCN1 and YAP regulates phenotypical plasticity of ECs and promotes correct sprouting and branching patterns of developing blood vessels.Support or Funding InformationR01EY022091‐05A1R01EY024998‐01A1This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Loss of RGS Control at Gαo Reveals a Balance Between Nociceptin and Mu‐opioid Receptor Systems
Authors: Kandasamy Ram , Senese Nicolas , Chadderdon Aaron , Kohut Kevin , Jutkiewicz Emily , Ingram Susan , Traynor John 
Published: April 2020

Regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins bind to the active GTP‐bound Gα subunit of heterotrimeric G‐proteins to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP and limit signaling downstream of G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Studies have shown that mice expressing Gαo protein that is insensitive to modulation by RGS proteins (RGSi Gαo) are less hyperalgesic due to enhanced signaling at the mu‐opioid receptor (MOPR). In contrast, data suggest these mice have a hyperalgesic response to mechanical stimulation. The goal of the present study was to determine the mechanism behind this apparent contradiction. Baseline mechanical hypersensitivity in naive RGSi Gαo mice was reversed by pretreatment with systemic or central administration of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOPR) selective antagonist J‐113397, while the opioid antagonist naltrexone further intensified the hypersensitivity. Intraplantar injection of λ‐carrageenan produced mechanical hypersensitivity, which was reversed by J‐113397 in wild‐type mice and exacerbated by naltrexone in mutant mice. Whole brain homogenates from RGSi Gαo mice showed no change from wild‐type littermates in levels of NOPR as determined by [3H]N/OFQ saturation binding and no change in the affinity of [3H]N/OFQ for NOPR, while N/OFQ had unaltered potency to activate G‐protein as measured by [35S]GTPγS binding. N/OFQ‐induced inhibition of presynaptic GABA release in the periaqueductal gray was reduced in the mutant mice compared to their wild‐type controls. Together, these results indicate that increased signaling downstream of NOPR leads to hyperalgesia in the RGSi Gαo knock‐in mice, while increased signaling downstream of MOPR reverses NOPR‐mediated hyperalgesia. Similar opposing actions of the systems are present after inflammatory pain in wild‐type mice, signifying that in both cases the balance between MOPR and NOPR signaling is disturbed. These data highlight a delicate homeostatic balance between two receptor systems that is dependent on pain state.Support or Funding InformationFunded by R01 DA035316 and T32 DA007268.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Regulation of Replication Stress Response at ALT telomeres by Timeless‐1
Authors: Niedzwecki Brian , Kambhampati Ooha , Granat Lauren , Zhang Dong 
Published: April 2020

All cancer cells need to maintain their telomeres in order to continue proliferating. In 85–90% of all human cancers, maintenance and extension of these telomeres is accomplished by telomerase, which adds a short repetitive sequence to the ends of chromosomes. 10–15% of cancers adopt another method, called the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway. ALT pathway uses homologous recombination to maintain the telomere length of ALT cancers and is vital for the continued growth of ALT cancers. Previously, our lab reported that depletion of FANCM, a key member of the Fanconi Anemia family of genes, induced replication stress response primarily at the ALT telomeres (Pan, PNAS 2017). The objectives of our study were: (1) Elucidate the biological function of human Timeless (Tim1) protein, a very important DNA repair protein, in DNA replication stress response at ALT telomeres. (2) Determine whether depletion of Tim1 affects the viability of ALT cells. To accomplish these goals, we first used siRNA transfection to deplete either Tim1, or FANCM, or both in ALT cells. These cells were then co‐stained with antibodies recognizing TRF2 (a telomere marker) and either BLM (a DNA repair marker) or pRPA (a DNA damage checkpoint marker). The percentage of cells with TRF2 & BLM as well as TRF2 & pRPA foci were quantified. In addition, we also monitored the amount of micronuclei formed in those cells. Formation of micronuclei often represent the unrepaired DNA damages. Finally, cell viability assays of the siRNA transfected cells were done. Cells were allowed to grow for 10 days, fixed and stained with crystal violet. Our results show that:

siRNA depletion of FANCM and Tim1 in ALT cells had synergistic/additive foci formation for TRF2 & BLM, and TRF2 & pRPA.
siRNA depletion of FANCM and Tim1 in ALT cells had no significant effect on micronuclei formation alone, but increased formation when combined.
siRNA depletion of FANCM and Tim1 in ALT cells appears to decrease cell viability to the greatest extent when co‐depleted, as opposed to either one depleted alone.
Our findings suggest: (1) ALT cancer cells utilize both FANCM and Tim1 to resolve the replication stress at ALT telomeres; (2) co‐depletion of FANCM and Tim1 is synthetically lethal in ALT cancers. (3) Targeting both FANCM and Tim1 is a potential efficacious strategy in treating ALT cancers.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
FoxO1 regulates beige adipogenesis and adiposity via autophagy
Authors: Cheng Zhiyong , Tao Zhipeng , Liu Longhua , Zheng Louise 
Published: April 2020

The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) plays an important role in autophagy and metabolic homeostasis. Previous studies from our lab and others have shown that FoxO1 is required for autophagy and white adipocyte differentiation. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how FoxO1 mediates beige adipogenesis, a cellular event that promotes energy expenditure through mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenesis. To address this question, we modulated FoxO1 activity in primary white adipocytes in vitro with FoxO1 antagonist (AS1842856). AS1842856 increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1, concomitant with upregulation of mitochondrial respiration chain proteins. These changes were associated with suppressed autophagy as evaluated by LC3 and p62. Interestingly, treatment of white adipocytes with classic autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 also increased UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration chain protein, suggesting that FoxO1 may regulate beiging of white adipocytes via autophagy. Indeed, knockout (KO) of FoxO1 in mouse adipose tissue dampens autophagy and promotes beiging phenotype (i.e., upregulation of UCP1 and other mitochondrial contents). In line with beige adipogenesis priming energy expenditure through thermogenesis, the FoxO1‐KO mice showed significantly higher body temperature and lower adiposity. Together, our data reveals a role for FoxO1 to mediate beiging of white adipocytes by regulating autophagy, and suggests that targeting adipocyte FoxO1 may lead to new strategies to treat or prevent obesity.Support or Funding InformationUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1007334 (Z.C.) and American Heart Association Grant 18TPA34230082 (Z.C.)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.