bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catecholamines Induce Trained Immunity in Monocytes In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: van der Heijden Charlotte D.C.C. , Groh Laszlo , Keating Samuel T. , Kaffa Charlotte , Noz Marlies P. , Kersten Simone , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , Hoischen Alexander , Joosten Leo A.B. , Timmers Henri J.L.M. , Netea Mihai G. , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: April 2020

Rationale:
Exposure to high catecholamine levels is associated with inflammatory changes of myeloid cells and atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood.

Objective:
To investigate whether the proinflammatory effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline can, in part, be explained by the induction of an immunologic memory in innate immune cells, termed trained immunity.

Methods and Results:
In vitro, we exposed human primary monocytes to (nor)adrenaline for 24 hours, after which cells were rested and differentiated to macrophages over 5 days. After restimulation with lipopolysaccharide on day 6, (nor)adrenaline-exposed cells showed increased TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) production. This coincided with an increase in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation measured with Seahorse technology on day 6 before restimulation. Inhibition of the β-adrenoreceptor–cAMP signaling pathway prevented the induction of training. In vivo, we studied the functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic impact of peak-wise exposure to high catecholamine levels on monocytes isolated from pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PHEO) patients. In PHEO patients (n=10), the peripheral blood cell composition showed a myeloid bias and an increase of the inflammatory CD14++CD16+ (cluster of differentiation) intermediate monocyte subset compared with controls with essential hypertension (n=14). Ex vivo production of proinflammatory cytokines was higher in PHEO patients. These inflammatory changes persisted for 4 weeks after surgical removal of PHEO. Transcriptome analysis of circulating monocytes at baseline showed various differentially expressed genes in inflammatory pathways in PHEO patients; epigenetic profiling of the promoters of these genes suggests enrichment of the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K4me3 (trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3), indicative of in vivo training.

Conclusions:
Catecholamines induce long-lasting proinflammatory changes in monocytes in vitro and in vivo, indicating trained immunity. Our data contribute to the understanding of pathways driving inflammatory changes in conditions characterized by high catecholamine levels and propose that trained immunity underlies the increased cardiovascular event rate in PHEO patients.
Has Exploitation Transformed? A Critical Analysis of the Theory of Cognitive Capitalism
Authors: Murray Georgina , Peetz David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this article we critically analyze the theory of cognitive capitalism as developed by Yann Moulier Boutang in his book of that name. He emphasizes a new category of exploitation, seeks to explain the behavior of finance capital, and foretells a coming dominance by cognitive capitalism over industrial capitalism. While his theory has merit and is a useful starting point for further analysis of the interaction between digital technology and capitalism, it has major flaws in: its treatment of financialization, the employment relationship, and the power and dominance of large industrial corporations; its claims regarding the alleged superiority of cognitive capitalism; and its exposition of a second category of exploitation.
Bangladesh and Globalization: the Impact of Technology on Work and Class
Authors: Bowler Michael Barry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How does technology obtained via globalization affect work and class in Bangladesh? Despite the many technological innovations deployed within a village in the southwest near the Indian border, for the poorest families the inequality gap continues to grow, although many are better off financially than 25 years ago. Even with more employment and much more digital technology, with mobile phones and online money transfers, the impacts of climate change and the lack of health care threaten to mitigate the gains from work and the increasing value of land.
The Ontology of Globalization and Sensemaking of Industrial Work in the Age of Digital Electronics
Authors: Kleiner Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Today industrial production is performed across national boundaries in real time with great accuracy and precision using digital information communication technologies. Manufacturing in one location is possible as it receives digital signals and messages transmissions from remote activities across borders. But who are these magicians behind the curtain? They are the highly skilled and educated knowledge workers of the global, blue-collar, working class. A generation ago working in industrial settings we would have likely shared close physical proximity as well as a common language and culture. Today we share the interconnectedness of our global village across national, cultural, and linguistic boundaries.
Popular Culture’s AI Fantasies: Killers and Exploiters or Assistants and Companions?
Authors: Pollard Tom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article examines popular culture’s depictions of Artificial Intelligence. It begins with Hollywood’s sci-fi robot characters that were often depicted as dangerous and inimical to human existence. It identifies major Hollywood movies that depict artificial intelligence, starting with Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), James Cameron’s The Terminator (1984), Steven Spielberg’s Minority Report (2002), Garth Jennings’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Spike Jonze’s Her (2014), Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014), and Toby Hanes’ Brexit (2019). These films illustrate artificial intelligence issues, including self-aware computers, facial recognition, crime prevention, and personal assistants. These technologies are depicted both positively and negatively in popular culture, and their depictions in these films reveals popular culture’s pervasive stereotypes and occasional timely warnings about emerging technology.
Capital Accumulation, Environmental Pollution, and Public Health Challenges in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Lessons on Market Criminology
Authors: Ezeonu Ifeanyi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Petroleum exploration activities started in Nigeria’s Niger Delta in the early twentieth century as part of the expansive process of primitive accumulation instituted by the British colonial administration to advance its economic interest. Since petroleum resources were discovered in commercial quantities in the region in 1956, transnational extraction corporations (including Shell, Chevron, and ExxonMobil) in collaboration with the emergent domestic compradors have plundered the resource wealth. While decades of crude oil and gas production in the region have enormously enriched the captors of the petroleum industry, the host communities have suffered debilitating economic and health consequences.
This article discusses the public health challenges resulting from this predatory political economy, along the lines of a bourgeoning body of literature that conceptualizes preventable market-driven harms as criminal.
Teaching the Faith in Early Christianity: Divine and Human Agency
Authors: Gemeinhardt Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present paper investigates the relationship between divine and human agency in teaching the Christian faith. While Christian education actually was conveyed by human beings (apostles, teachers, catechists, bishops), many authors claimed that the one and only teacher of Christianity is Jesus Christ, referring to Matt 23:8-9. By examining texts from the 2nd to the 5th century, different configurations of divine and human teaching are identified and discussed. The paper thereby highlights a crucial tension in Early and Late Antique Christianity relating to the possibilities and limitations of communicating the faith.
Characterization and Corrections of Relative Humidity Measurement from Meteomodem M10 Radiosondes at Midlatitude Stations
Authors: Dupont Jean-Charles , Haeffelin Martial , Badosa Jordi , Clain Gaelle , Raux Christophe , Vignelles Damien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeasurement of water vapor or humidity in the atmosphere is fundamental for many applications. Relative humidity measurements with a capacitive sensor in radiosondes are affected by several factors that need to be assessed and corrected. This work aims to address corrections for the main effects for the Meteomodem M10 radiosonde as a step to meet the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) requirements. The considered corrections are 1) the calibration correction; 2) a slow regime due to the slow diffusion of molecules through the sensor, especially at very high and very low relative humidity conditions; 3) the relative humidity sensor dependence on the gradient of temperature; and 4) the time lag at cold temperatures, which affects measurements in regions of strong relative humidity gradients. These corrections were tested for 26 nighttime and 25 daytime radiosondes in two midlatitude locations for which both Meteomodem M10 and Vaisala RS92 measurements were available. The results show that, after correcting for the four effects, M10 relative humidity measurements are, on average, consistent with the Vaisala RS92 relative humidity values within 2% RH at all altitudes for the nighttime launches (against 6% RH before the correction) and within 5% RH at all altitudes for the daytime launches (against 9% RH before the correction).
Research Progress Regarding Surgical Margins, Molecular Margins, and Prognosis of Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Beibei Ye , Rong Yang , Yunfei Yan , Wenchao Zhang 
Published: April 2020

Background: Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck. Researchers have refined the study of surgical margin in the anatomical subarea of the larynx to determine the most appropriate distance of the surgical margin for laryngeal carcinoma, to achieve accurate resection of laryngeal carcinoma and to improve the possibility of retention of laryngeal function. Methods: A comprehensive review of the primary literature was performed from 2009 to 2019 utilizing keywords laryngeal carcinoma, surgical margin, molecular margin, and prognostic factor. Articles were included at the discretion of the authors based on novel and/or contributions to the literature. Results: The prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma significantly correlates with the status of surgical margins. Patients with positive surgical margins have higher recurrence and metastasis rates and worse prognosis. Patients with negative pathological surgical margin but with the expression or altered expression levels of one or more tumor-related molecular biomarkers had high rates of recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Conclusions: Clinical intervention can improve the prognosis of patients with positive surgical margins. Patients with close margins should be followed closely. Among patients with negative surgical margins, patients with abnormal molecular margin results should be closely followed up. However, the specific selection of one or several molecular biomarkers as the detection index of molecular margin currently requires multicenter prospective or retrospective large sample study as guidance.
Profiling of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in an Acute Care Hospital Setting
Authors: Matar Nayla , Smaily Hussein , Cherfane Patrick , Hanna Cyril 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To identify the main complaints, diagnostic tools, as well as the treatment plan in patients presenting with oropharyngeal dysphagia in the acute care settings. Methods: The electronic medical chart of 100 consecutive hospitalized patients who presented an oropharyngeal dysphagia were retrospectively reviewed from January 2017 to January 2019. Results: The mean age of patients was 76.03 (standard deviation = 16.06) years old with 71% of patients being males. The most common admission diagnosis was pneumonia (30%), followed by stroke (28%). The swallowing evaluation was performed on the regular floor in 85% of patients and in the intensive care unit in 15% of patients. The main reasons for the swallowing evaluation are suspicion of aspiration by the medical or nursing teams (60%), systematic evaluation (20%), ear, nose and throat (ENT) complaints by the patient (14%), and aspiration pneumonia (6%). Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensitivity testing was the most common diagnostic tool used alone in 88% of patients. Diet and postural modifications were prescribed to 71% and 62% of the patients, respectively. Swallowing exercises were performed in 43% of patients. Overall, otolaryngologist interventions resulted in an increased rate of patients getting oral intake compared to nonoral feeding routes ( P = .05). Conclusions: This study adds knowledge about the causes and characteristics of oropharyngeal dysphagia in an acute tertiary medical setting. It also provides insights regarding the role, and the consequences of a swallowing intervention led by an ENT specialist in collaboration with the members of the health team.
Gendered caregiving and structural constraints: An empirical ethical study
Authors: Zou Xiang , Nie Jing-Bao , Fitzgerald Ruth 
Published: April 2020

Background: The pressing issue of aged care has made gendered caregiving a growing subject of feminist bioethical enquiry. However, the impact of feminism on empirical studies in the area of gendered care in Chinese sociocultural contexts has been less influential. Objectives: To examine female members’ lived experiences of gendered care in rural China and offer proper normative evaluation based on their experiences. Research design: This article adopted an empirical ethical approach that integrates ethnographical investigation and feminist ethical inquiry. Participants and research context: This article focused on three cases of gendered caregiving for sick older members collected from a 6-month fieldwork conducted in a primary hospital in rural China. Ethical consideration: Approval was obtained from the university ethics committee. Findings: The empirical work highlights caregivers’ voices of weiqu (a sense of unfairness) resulting from their constrained choice when being pressured to engage in caregiving, which is associated with a disadvantageous socio-institutional and structural backdrop in current rural China. Informed by the conception of structural injustice, the normative analysis of this article traced various forms of social norms, structural deficiencies and ageing welfare institutions, as they intertwine and transmit into additional care deficiencies against rural families and their female caregivers. Conclusion: This article identified the constraint of gender hierarchy and its intersection with external social structure that exacerbate gendered oppression and exploitation of female labour in rural China. Normatively, this article argues that the current configuration of rural family care, featured by structural impediments and exploration of female labour, is unjust. Some policy recommendations are proposed to empower caregivers and advance care for rural older people.
Virtual Gaming Simulation: An Interview Study of Nurse Educators
Authors: Verkuyl Margaret , Atack Lynda , Kamstra-Cooper Krista , Mastrilli Paula 
Published: April 2020

Background. Two methods that provide high fidelity experiences outside of clinical settings are laboratory simulation and virtual simulation. Virtual gaming simulations are emerging and currently, there are no guidelines regarding the process. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to conduct interviews with nursing educators who use virtual gaming simulation in education to better understand the extent of use, the process, the challenges and benefits they experience, and their recommendations. Design. A qualitative, descriptive study, using purposive maximum variation sampling and interviews was conducted. Setting/Participant. Participants were selected from nursing programs in different Canadian and American educational institutions who had teaching experience using virtual gaming simulations with nursing students in higher education. Methods. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide with opened-ended questions. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was completed using a thematic approach. Results. The final sample consisted of 17 participants, 11(65%) were from Canada and the remaining 6(35%) were from the United States. The data yielded three themes: Benefits of gaming for the student; Preparing students and educators for success and, The virtual gaming simulation process. Participants described the challenges of using virtual gaming simulation in education and made recommendations for best practice and future research. Conclusion. The results of this study can be used as guideposts for educators who embark on this new learning experience and researchers who wish to expand the body of knowledge in this emerging field.
Disseminating Knowledge to Providers on Exercise Training After Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Janaudis-Ferreira Tania , Mathur Sunita , Tansey Catherine M. , Blydt-Hansen Tom , Hartell David 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The objectives of our dissemination project were (1) to disseminate the evidence supporting exercise training in solid organ transplantation to exercise professionals, health-care professionals, physicians, and directors of transplant programs in order to enhance their ability to apply evidence to practice and (2) to build a community of exercise professionals and researchers across Canada. Methods: We used the 5-step Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute model for knowledge translation to guide our project: (1) evidence assessment, (2) audience and partner identification, (3) dissemination, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. After meeting with experts in the field, conducting a literature review, and identifying an appropriate audience, we took our presentations on the road across Canada. Results: We visited 10 transplant centers and held interactive knowledge translation sessions in each center. To provide sustainability and to facilitate the adoption of the research evidence, we founded the Canadian Network for Rehabilitation and Exercise for Solid Organ Transplant Optimal Recovery network and created its website. Conclusions: Our project raised awareness of the importance of exercise among many health professionals in Canada and built a community of exercise professionals and researchers in the field of transplantation through the rehabilitation network. It also led to the creation of online resources that will facilitate the implementation of rehabilitation programs in transplant centers.
Renal replacement anticoagulant management: Protocol and analysis plan for an observational comparative effectiveness study of linked data sources
Authors: Gould Doug W , Doidge James , Zia Sadique M , Borthwick Mark , Caskey Fergus J , Forni Lui , Lawrence Robert F , MacEwen Clare , Mouncey Paul R , Ostermann Marlies , Harrison David A , Rowan Kathryn M , Duncan Young J , Watkinson Peter J 
Published: April 2020

Acute kidney injury is common in critical illness. In patients with severe acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy is needed to prevent harm from metabolic and electrolyte disturbances and fluid overload. In the UK, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the preferred modality, which requires anticoagulation. Over the last decade, conventional systemic heparin anticoagulation has started being replaced by regional citrate anticoagulation for CRRT, which is now used in approximately 50% of ICUs. This shift towards regional citrate anticoagulation for CRRT is occurring with little evidence of safety or longer term effectiveness. Renal replacement anticoagulant management (RRAM) is an observational comparative effectiveness study, utilising existing data sources to address the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the change to regional citrate anticoagulation for CRRT in UK ICUs. The study will use data from approximately 85,000 patients who were treated in adult, general ICUs participating in the case mix programme national clinical audit between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2017. A survey of health service providers’ anticoagulation practices will be combined with treatment and hospital outcome data from the case mix programme and linked with long-term outcomes from the Civil Registrations (deaths), Hospital Episodes Statistics for England, Patient Episodes Data for Wales, and the UK Renal Registry datasets. The primary clinical effectiveness outcome is all-cause mortality at 90-days. The study will incorporate an economic evaluation with micro-costing of both regional citrate anticoagulation and systemic heparin anticoagulation. Study registration: NCT03545750
2D perfusion-angiography during endovascular intervention for critical limb threatening ischemia – A feasibility study
Authors: Pärsson Håkan N , Lundin Niklas , Lindgren Hans 
Published: April 2020

Purpose Two-dimensional perfusion angiography is a new method to quantify and evaluate tissue perfusion during endovascular intervention. The aim was to evaluate time-patterns and dynamics of contrast arrival and distribution before and after endovascular intervention in patients with critical limb threatening ischemia. Methods Data were collected from 37 patients with critical limb threatening ischemia due to infra-inguinal occlusive disease having a successful endovascular procedure. two-dimensional perfusion angiography was used as a post-processing software with analysis of numeric parameters related to arrival and distribution patterns of contrast. Results Thirty-three patients were successfully analysed whereas four patients were excluded due to motion artefacts. All patients were successfully treated with recanalization of the superficial femoral, popliteal, below the knee-vessels or a combination. Short-term improvement at 30-day follow-up was noted both clinically and by ankle-brachial index and toe pressure measurements. A significant reduction in contrast arrival time between pre-and post-angioplasty runs was noted as measured by arrival time median 3.2 and interquartile range (2.5–4.2) vs. 2.6 (1.6–3.4) and time-to-peak 4.1 (3.6–5.0) vs. 3.1 (2.3–3.9) p = 0.009. An increased wash-in rate was also observed 18.3 (12.6–21) vs. 30.1 (22–30.5) p = 0.001 between pre-and post-angioplasty runs. Conclusions The use of perfusion angiography for evaluation of foot-circulation during endovascular interventions provides new information regarding quantitative assessment of contrast inflow before and after endovascular intervention without the need for extra contrast or runs. No selective catheterisation is necessary. The technique is easily adopted in a clinical setting. Further studies are necessary to create robust clinical endpoints.