bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point of care and oral fluid hepatitis B testing in remote Indigenous communities of northern Australia
Authors: Sullivan Richard P. , Davies Jane , Binks Paula , Dhurrkay Roslyn Gundjirryiir , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Bukulatjpi Sarah Mariyalawuy , McKinnon Melita , Hosking Kelly , Littlejohn Margaret , Jackson Kathy , Locarnini Stephen , Davis Joshua S. , Tong Steven Y. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany Indigenous Australians in northern Australia living with chronic hepatitis B are unaware of their diagnosis due to low screening rates. A venous blood point of care test (POCT) or oral fluid laboratory test could improve testing uptake in this region. The purpose of this study was to assess the field performance of venous blood POCT and laboratory performance of an oral fluid hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test in Indigenous individuals living in remote northern Australian communities. The study was conducted with four very remote communities in the tropical north of Australia's Northern Territory. Community research workers collected venous blood and oral fluid samples. We performed the venous blood POCT for HBsAg in the field. We assessed the venous blood and oral fluid specimens for the presence of HBsAg using standard laboratory assays. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the POCT and oral fluid test, using serum laboratory detection of HBsAg as the gold standard. From 215 enrolled participants, 155 POCT and 197 oral fluid tests had corresponding serum HBsAg results. The POCT had a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 100%. Based on a population prevalence of 6%, the PPV was 100% and NPV was 99.5%. The oral fluid test had a sensitivity of 56.8%, specificity of 98.1%, PPV of 97.3% and NPV of 65.9%. The venous blood POCT has excellent test characteristics and could be used to identify individuals with chronic HBV infection in high prevalence communities with limited access to health care. Oral fluid performance was suboptimal.
Asian consensus recommendations on optimizing the diagnosis and initiation of treatment of hepatitis B virus infection in resource‐limited settings
Authors: Gane Edward John , Charlton Michael R. , Mohamed Rosmawati , Sollano Jose Decena , Tun Kyaw Soe , Pham Thuy Thi Thu , Payawal Diana Alcantara , Gani Rino Alvani , Muljono David Handojo , Acharya Subrat Kumar , Zhuang Hui , Shukla Akash , Madan Kaushal , Saraf Neeraj , Tyagi Satyendra , Singh Karam Romeo , Cua Ian Homer Yee , Jargalsaikhan Ganbolor , Duger Davadoorj , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Purnomo Hery Djagat , Hasan Irsan , Lesmana Laurentius Adrianto , Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya , Kyi Khin Pyone , Naing Win , Ravishankar Allampura Chandrashekar , Hadigal Sanjay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsia has an intermediate‐to‐high prevalence of and high morbidity and mortality from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Optimization of diagnosis and initiation of treatment is one of the crucial strategies for lowering disease burden in this region. Therefore, a panel of 24 experts from 10 Asian countries convened, and reviewed the literature, to develop consensus guidance on diagnosis and initiation of treatment of HBV infection in resource‐limited Asian settings. The panel proposed 11 recommendations related to diagnosis, pre‐treatment assessment, and indications of therapy of HBV infection, and management of HBV‐infected patients with co‐infections. In resource‐limited Asian settings, testing for hepatitis B surface antigen may be considered as the primary test for diagnosis of HBV infection. Pre‐treatment assessments should include tests for complete blood count, liver and renal function, hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg), anti‐HBe, HBV DNA, co‐infection markers and assessment of severity of liver disease. Noninvasive tests such as AST‐to‐platelet ratio index, fibrosis score 4 or transient elastography may be used as alternatives to liver biopsy for assessing disease severity. Considering the high burden of HBV infection in Asia, the panel adopted an aggressive approach, and recommended initiation of antiviral therapy in all HBV‐infected, compensated or decompensated cirrhotic individuals with detectable HBV DNA levels, regardless of HBeAg status or alanine transaminase levels. The panel also developed a simple algorithm for guiding the initiation of treatment in noncirrhotic, HBV‐infected individuals. The recommendations proposed herein, may help guide clinicians, to optimize the diagnosis and improvise the treatment rates for HBV infection in Asia.
Molecular and behavioural evidence that interdependent photo ‐ and chemosensory systems regulate larval settlement in a marine sponge
Authors: Say Tahsha E. , Degnan Sandie M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMarine pelagic larvae use a hierarchy of environmental cues to identify a suitable benthic habitat on which to settle and metamorphose into the adult phase of the life cycle. Most larvae are induced to settle by biochemical cues and many species have long been known to preferentially settle in the dark. Combined, these data suggest that larval responses to light and biochemical cues may be linked, but this has yet to be explored at the molecular level. Here, we track the vertical position of larvae of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica to show that they descend to the benthos at twilight, by which time they are competent to respond to biochemical cues, consistent with them naturally settling in the dark. We use larval settlement assays under three different light regimes, combined with transcriptomics on individual larvae, to identify candidate molecular pathways underlying larval settlement. We find that larvae do not settle in response to biochemical cues if maintained in constant light. Our transcriptome data suggest that constant light actively represses settlement via the sustained up‐regulation of two putative inactivators of chemotransduction in constant light only. Our data suggest that photo‐ and chemosensory systems interact to regulate larval settlement via nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling in this sponge, which belongs to one of the earliest‐branching animal phyla.
Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Chiao‐Ling , Hwang Shiow‐Li , Jiang Ping , Hsiung Nai‐Huan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough music interventions on postoperative pain (POP) have positive effects, limited research has focused on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of its efficacy for orthopedic patients. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of music therapy on pain after orthopedic surgery.MethodThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Nursing Reference Center (NRC), Airiti Library, and National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan were searched up to August 2019. The risk of bias from the Cochrane Handbook for Randomized Controlled Trials of Interventions was used. A standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was applied as a summary effect on postoperative pain and anxiety using RevMan version 5.3. A meta‐analysis was also carried out using subgroup analysis.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials were selected. (1) Music can relieve pain significantly for both music medicine (MM; SMD = −0.41, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.07], P = 0.02) and music therapy (MT; SMD = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.57, 0.04], P = 0.02). (2) Music chosen by the subjects showed significant differences for both MM (P = 0.002) and MT (P = 0.02). (3) Anxiety improved significantly among patients using MT (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.13], P = 0.005). However, the results for the physiologic parameters, opioid requirement, and length of stay showed subtle distinctions.ConclusionMusic can significantly relieve POP, specifically music chosen by the participants.
Effects of DEP1 on grain yield and grain quality in the background of two japonica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars
Authors: Wang YuanZheng , Zhang Nan , Chen HongWei , Wang Feng , Huang YuanCai , Jia BaoYan , Wang Shu , Wang Yun , Xu ZhengJin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant architecture is an accessible approach to achieving high‐yield potential. The DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) gene regulating panicle morphology, grain number per panicle, and nitrogen uptake and metabolism has been widely used for the breeding of high‐yield rice in northern Chinese japonica varieties. However, there has been no consensus on the genetic effects of dep1 on grain yield and quality under different genetic backgrounds and growing environments. In the present study, we developed two sets of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of DEP1 (AKI‐dep1, AKI‐DEP1, LG5‐dep1 and LG5‐DEP1), each carrying the DEP1 region from either 'Liaogeng5' (LG5) or 'Akitakomachi' (AKI) in the AKI and LG5 backgrounds. Our results demonstrated that AKI‐dep1/LG5‐dep1 exhibited erect panicle and enhanced grain number per panicle, thereby consequently increasing grain yield, whereas they possessed inferior grain appearance compared with AKI‐DEP1/LG5‐DEP1 in the same background. However, the effects of dep1 on grain processing quality and eating and cooking quality varied with the background. These results provide useful information for high‐yield erect panicle rice breeding by marker‐assisted selection.
Donald Trump's discursive field: A juncture of stigma contests over race, gender, religion, and democracy
Authors: Silva Eric O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDonald Trump's election to the U.S. Presidency in 2016 qualifies as one of the more shocking events in American political history. This article reviews the literature on the social construction of Donald Trump's political career. It finds prominent ideological laminations over racism, Islamophobia, nativism, sexism, Christianity, and right‐wing populism in Trump's discursive field. This article argues that Trump's discursive field comprises a juncture of stigma contests over the moral worth of numerous collective identities including men, women, racial minorities, immigrants, Muslims, Christians, and the middle class. Such stigma contests likely exacerbate recognition gaps created by neoliberal policies. This review suggests that scholars should continue to examine the connection between Trump's political career and stigmatization. Moreover, cultural sociologists should ready themselves to track the dialectical response to Trump and to assess the lasting impact on the American normative order.
Populism, Neoliberalism and Agrarian Movements in Europe. Understanding Rural Support for Right‐Wing Politics and Looking for Progressive Solutions
Authors: Mamonova Natalia , Franquesa Jaume 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRight‐wing populism has gained ground in Europe in recent years, with the greatest support among rural communities. Yet the European countryside remains largely overlooked in debates on the current political crisis and the ways out of it. This article aims to provide keys for understanding the connection between right‐wing populism and the rural world in Europe. Our analysis unfolds around three main ideas. First, we argue that the root cause of the spread of right‐wing populism is the fundamental, multidimensional crisis of globalised neoliberal capitalism, particularly pronounced in Europe’s countryside. Second, we examine what role historical legacies, trajectories of agrarian change, and other national, regional and local specificities play in shaping populist movements in different rural areas in Europe. Finally, we discuss the constraints and possibilities for the emergence of agrarian (populist) movements that may offer progressive alternatives to right‐wing populism in the countryside.
Sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (juvenile cellulitis) in adult dogs: a retrospective analysis of 90 cases (2004–2018)
Authors: Inga Allison , Griffeth Gregory C. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Goldschmidt Kyle H. , Mauldin Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIt has long been speculated that sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (SGDL) occurs in adult dogs. However, only three published case reports exist.Hypothesis/objectivesTo describe clinical presentation, identify breed predispositions, and assess treatment and outcomes of adult dogs with the histopathological diagnosis of SGDL.AnimalsIncluded are 90 dogs with biopsies submitted to a veterinary teaching hospital with a histopathological diagnosis consistent with SGDL, from 2004 to 2018, of which 35 had medical records available for review.MethodsData were analysed retrospectively from histopathology submission forms, medical records, surveys and telephone calls. Scoring systems were created to aid statistical analysis of outcomes.ResultsHavanese dog (P < 0.0001), Australian shepherd dog (P < 0.0001), Irish setter (P < 0.0001), Dachshund (P = 0.0002), bichon frise (P = 0.0003) and Maltese dog (P = 0.004) were significantly over‐represented breeds. The median age at onset was 1,292 days (3.54 years). Dogs up to five years of age were significantly over‐represented (P < 0.01). Of 35 dogs with medical records available for review, the median treatment duration was 60 days and the median time to remission 28 days. Remission status was not established for five dogs but the remaining 30 dogs reached remission. Nineteen dogs remained in complete remission. Recrudescence occurred in 11 dogs (median follow‐up 60 days).Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study shows a close parallel in clinical appearance, histopathological results and clinical behaviour, of both adult and juvenile onset SGDL; therefore, SGDL should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs of all ages.
First Principles Study of Interlayer Interaction Effect on Graphene Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Dong Yuan , Zhang Chi , Diao Chenghao , Lin Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It is known that the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions will decrease the thermal conductivity of graphene. Single layer graphene (SLG) has the highest thermal conductivities, double layer graphene (DLG) would decrease to about half of the thermal conductivity of SLG. The graphite was measured to have a thermal conductivity of about 2000 W/m-K. Some research shows that graphite differs from SLG within a factor of 2, and DLG has almost the same thermal conductivity with graphite. In theoretical aspect, how to simulate the vdW interaction between graphene layers is a long existing problem. It is only until recently that the vdW interaction is still an active topic in first principle calculations. The popular methods include the Grimme’s DFT-D, vdW-DF and vdW-DFT-R methods. The vdW-DFT-R method was further optimized to increase accuracy by Hamada and was found to predict the most accurate interlayer distance between AB-stacked graphene in our recent study. The motivation of this work is to investigate the effect of vdW interaction on the thermal conductivity of multiple layer graphene from principles. We will calculate firstly the phonon dispersion relations of multiple layer graphene with the vdW interaction included. The obtained phonon properties and force constants will be combined with the ShengBTE method to calculate the thermal conductivity. The results show how vdW interaction causes the dimensional crossover of graphene thermal conductivity.
Ultra-High Speed Vitrification of Prostate Cancer Cells Based on Thin Film Evaporation
Authors: Su Fengmin , Fan Yiming , Xu He , Zhao Nannan , Deng Yangbo , Ji Yulong , Ma Hongbin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thin film evaporation is an efficient phase change heat transfer style, and could achieve ultra-high cooling rate if it was applied for cells vitrification. In this paper, an experimental study for prostate cancer cells vitrification was done. The cells ultra-high speed freezing method was based on thin film evaporation of liquid nitrogen. In order to examine the feasibility of the new method, the comparison experiments, in which the other two generic approaches of cell cryopreservation were used, were done. The methods were respectively the equilibrium freezing method and the open pulled straws vitrification method. At the same time, the influences of the concentration of cryoprotectant on cooling rate and cell survival rate were analyzed. The results showed that the ultra-high speed freezing method based on thin film evaporation can obtain higher cooling rate and better cell survival rate than the other two conventional cryopreservation methods. It preliminarily proved the feasibility of this method applied to the cells vitrification process. In addition, both the cooling rate and the cell survival rate are affected by the concentration of the cryoprotectant in the cell suspension. The cooling rate decreases with the concentration of the cryoprotectant increasing, but cell survival rate increases first and decrease afterwards with the increase of the concentration of the cryoprotectant, in which an optimum value exists. This study will promote the practicality of the new ultra-fast cell freezing method.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Diffusion and Aggregation Behavior of Helium in Tungsten Bulk Materials
Authors: Zhang Jiapei , Li Wei , Yang Zhangcan , He Yingzhao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Controlled thermonuclear fusion is a promising project. If it can be realized, it will certainly replace fossil fuels and solve the problem of energy exhaustion facing humanity. The fusion reaction fuel is a light core, which can be extracted from sea water. The source is very rich, and the fusion reaction of hydrogen and its isotopes is not radioactive, so the fusion energy can be efficient, cheap and clean.
At present, the realization of this technology still faces many difficult problems that have not been overcome. The Tokamak device is the most promising device for realizing the controlled thermonuclear fusion. It utilizes a toroidal magnetic field to confine the high temperature plasma. Among them, the choice of plasma-facing materials is the key factor that determines whether or not controlled nuclear fusion can be achieved.
For the time being, tungsten is the preferred plasma-facing material. In the case of fusion, tungsten is exposed to extreme conditions such as high temperature and strong radiation, and a large number of defects are generated inside. In this thesis, the molecular dynamics software LAMMPS was used to study one of the defects, interstitial atoms, and the interaction of helium atoms to understand the diffusion and aggregation behavior of helium and the evolution of defects in tungsten. The following aspects are mainly studied: one is the calculation of the binding energy of an interstitial atom and helium atoms, the other is the study of the interstitial and helium atoms’ space configurations, and the third is comparing trap mutation in defective tungsten materials with trap mutation in tungsten materials without defects, and the fourth is the recording of the displacement of the helium atoms and the interstitial atom at temperature control.
The study found that the presence of the interstitial atom will indeed affect the aggregation and diffusion of helium atoms, which will trap the movement of helium atoms and cause the helium atoms to gather near the interstitial atoms and form small clusters of helium. As the cluster grows larger, trap mutations occur like a defect-free tungsten block.
Numerical Investigation of Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of R134A in Rectangular Minichannel
Authors: Lv Di , Li Wei , Zhang Jingzhi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study numerically investigated the condensation heat transfer and flow characteristics of refrigerants R134a in rectangular minichannels. Three-dimensional simulations were carried out at different mass flux values, vapor qualities and gravity conditions through using the VOF model, the turbulence model and the phase transition model. The effects of various parameters on the surface heat transfer coefficient and the friction pressure gradient is clarified. The condensation process is found to be enhanced due to the increase of vapor quality and mass flow, while the friction pressure gradient decreases with the decrease of vapor quality and mass flow. According to the data obtained from the simulation, the liquid film tends to accumulate along the corner of the cross section in retangular minichannel. And the thickness of liquid film increased with the decrease of mass flux and vapor quality.
Condensation Droplet Distribution Affected by Electrowetting Approach
Authors: Yan Run , Chen Chung-Lung (C. L.) 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a visualization of condensation droplet distribution affected by the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) approach. A single-side double-layer-electrode design (grid wire, thin wire, and thick wire) and coplanar-electrode design (zigzag) are discussed. Side-by-side experiments with applied 40V DC electric potential are carried out to compare droplet distribution between charged and uncharged devices with the identical design. The uncharged devices show a random droplet distribution, whereas charged devices have a regulated distribution based on the designed patterns. As droplets on the electrode boundaries become larger, they are likely to slide away and stay in electrode-free regions. The droplets ‘sit’ inside the grid wires and distribute vertically along thin and thick wires. On the coplanar-electrode zigzag device, droplets cover the electrode gaps and are distributed vertically. The charged surfaces lead to a faster droplet growth rate, resulting in larger droplet size and more dispersed droplet distribution. This phenomenon accelerates droplets’ shedding frequency and frees up more condensing areas for small droplets to nucleate and grow. The first shedding moment of the charged surfaces occurs earlier than the uncharged ones for all types of EWOD devices. The detected droplet shedding diameter ranges from 1.2 mm to 2 mm in this study. The work presented in this paper introduces a novel approach to actively influence droplet distribution on microfabricated condensing surfaces and indicates great potential for improving condensation heat transfer rate via EWOD.
The Start-Up Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe With Communicating Pipe at Different Inclination Angles
Authors: Shang Fu-Min , Fan Shi-Long , Liu Jian-Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a passive cooling device, which has the advantages of simple structure, high heat transfer performance and low production cost. The complex vapor-liquid phase change occurs in the in the initial stage of PHP. In this work, we explore the start-up performance of PHP at different inclination angles and the experiment shows that start-up performance is respectively different when the angles are 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°. Since the gravitational auxiliary function, the working fluid in the communicating pipe which takes longer time to vaporize change phase earlier than that in PHP’s loop when the angles are 0° and 45°. Nevertheless, when the angle is 90°, the phase change of working fluid in communicating pipe and in the loop occurs at the same time. Meanwhile, the oscillating mode affects the stability of the starting and heat transfer performance of the PHP.