bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-38 Butyric acid and derivatives: In vitro anti-inflammatory effects tested in porcine alveolar macrophages
Authors: Kovanda Lauren L , Hejna Monika , Liu Yanhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of butyric acid, sodium butyrate, monobutyrin and tributyrin using porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). PAMs were isolated from the bronchial lavage of 6 piglets at 6 weeks of age, and then seeded at 106 cells/mL in 24-well plates. After 24 h incubation, cells were treated with different treatments in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. The treatments were in a factorial arrangement with 2 doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0 or 1 μg/mL) and 5 levels of organic acid (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mM for butyric acid and tributyrin and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 mM for sodium butyrate and monobutyrin). Supernatants were collected after another 24 h incubation and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Cell viability was also tested by the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. No cytotoxic effect was observed in LPS challenge and each organic acid with the percentage of live cells was more than 76% in comparison to the sham control. Sodium butyrate at 2 and 4 mM dose exhibited (P &lt; 0.01) a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. LPS challenge remarkably stimulated (P &lt; 0.0001) TNF-α secretion from PAMs. In the non-challenge group, butyric acid, monobutyrin, and tributyrin linearly reduced TNF-α production from PAMs, whereas 2 mM sodium butyrate tended to increase (P = 0.056) TNF-α secretion from PAMs. In the LPS challenge group, all tested organic acid dose-dependently reduced (P &lt; 0.001) TNF-α production from LPS-challenged PAMs, with the strongest inhibiting effect observed at the highest dose. Results indicated that butyric acid and its derivatives that were tested in the current experiment all had strong anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.
PSII-31 Effects of restricted dietary intake on protein expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) in the oviductal ampulla of beef cows
Authors: Reynolds Lawrence P , McCarthy Kacie L , Crouse Matthew S , Kassetas Cierrah J , Baumgaertner Friederike , Dorsam Sheri T , Kirsch James D , Neville Tammi L , Coy Pilar , Caton Joel , Borowicz Pawel P , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In vitro production of embryos (IVP) results in poor pregnancy rates, with 10 to 40% of embryos transferred surviving to term. Inclusion of oviductal fluid (OF) in the culture media improves success of IVP and pregnancy rates, but factors influencing OF composition are not well investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of restricted maternal dietary intake on expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1; or oviductin), a highly conserved glycoprotein involved in fertilization and early embryo cleavage. Multiparous nonpregnant beef cows were randomly assigned to one of 2 intake groups (n = 9 per group) designed to maintain [control (CON)] or lose [0.7 kg/d, negative (NEG)] body weight (BW) for 9 wk; for each cow, initial and final body condition score (BCS; 1–9 scale) and body weight (BW) were determined. Cows were estrus synchronized (Co-Synch + CIDR protocol) and slaughtered 3 d after synchronized ovulation. At slaughter, cross sections of the oviductal ampulla adjacent to the ovary containing the corpus luteum were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using a primary antibody against OVGP1 and fluorescently-labeled secondary antibody. Intensity of immunofluorescent staining for OVGP1 was quantified by image analysis, and differences between intake groups analyzed by t-test. Change (final – initial) in BCS and BW were greater for the NEG compared with CON cows (BCS: -1.06 vs. -0. 50, P&lt; 0.03; and BW: -40.8 vs. -3.6 kg, P &lt; 0.0001). The OVGP1 glycoprotein was expressed in the luminal epithelium of the ampulla, and site of expression did not differ between NEG and CON intake groups. Intensity of staining also did not differ (P &gt;0.30) between NEG and CON intake groups (7.110 vs. 7.153 arbitrary intensity units; SEM = 0.059). Thus, restriction of maternal nutrient intake for 9 weeks did not influence protein expression of OVGP1, a major oviductal glycoprotein.
PSII-23 Aflatoxin B1 influences expression of TRPM8 in SKOV, ovarian epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Boss Kristina S , Austin Kathleen J , Alexander Brenda M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aflatoxins are mold products of Aspergillus flavus. They are common food contaminants that affect dietary staples. Aflatoxins are most prevalent in emerging countries and negatively impact the health and reproduction of several animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) affects fertility in many species by decreasing the number of gametes. The mechanism for aflatoxin’s effect on gamete production has not been fully elucidated. In aflatoxin treated rats, steroidogenesis is affected by the competitive binding of aflatoxin to the StAR protein. The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a nonselective cation channel highly expressed in male reproductive tracts, and sheep ovaries. TRPM8 binds testosterone and is responsive to steroids. The objective of these experiments is to determine if AFB1 influenced the expression of TRPM8 channels in an ovarian cell line. Human epithelial ovarian cells, SKOV, were seeded into chamber slides and treated in triplicate with media containing ethanol, 5µg/ml AFB1, 10µg/ml AFB1, or 20µg/ml AFB1 for 24 hours. The cells were stained for TRPM8 using immunocytochemistry and in a replicate experiment, analyzed for mRNA using Real Time RT-PCR protocols. Images were captured at 200x magnification and analyzed. Mean gray scale intensity was used to determine staining intensity as a reflection of TRPM8 expression. SKOV cells treated with AFB1 had increased staining (P ≤ 0.001) compared to ethanol treated cells. Relative TRPM8 mRNA did not differ with AFB1 treatments (P = 0.2). Inconsistency between mRNA and protein expression may be due to the timing of mRNA synthesis and translation of the protein. Based on these results, expression of TRPM8 in SKOV cells increased in response to AFB1. Although it is not certain if this effect is restricted to these transformed cells, the possibility remains that changes in TRPM8 expression may contribute to the negative reproductive consequences of AFB1 exposure in humans and livestock species.
PSXI-19 Investigating the Relationship Between Temperament and Performance Traits in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Bouffiou Jesse , Boles Jane A , Thomson Jennifer M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Temperament in cattle, is defined as behavioral changes in response to humans or changes in the environment, and has been associated with reduced feed efficiency, reduced growth rate, and poor feedlot health. The objective of the study was to determine if temperament affected the performance, growth and health of feedlot cattle. One-hundred and thirty-one Angus x Simmental steers from a single ranch were sampled at a commercial feedlot in Chappell, NE. Blood samples for metabolite analysis, exit velocity, and blood lactate concentration for temperament classification were collected in addition to feedlot performance data and carcass quality measurements. The GLM and LSM procedures of SAS (SAS 9.4, 2014) were used to evaluate differences between temperament classifications. Pearson correlations were calculated between temperament and performance variables. Steers were divided into three exit velocity classifications, with fast animals (n = 27) having exit velocity greater than one standard deviation from the mean and slow animals (n = 26) having exit velocities lower than one standard deviation from the mean. Feed intake and behavior was monitored for 42 days with GrowSafe feed bunks and average daily gain, dry matter intake and residual feed intake calculated. There were significant differences between the temperament classifications of fast, medium and slow for both exit velocity and blood lactate (P &lt; 0.0001), indicating there was a difference in responses from the classifications. Exit velocity had no effect on any of the growth parameters measured. There was a significant positive correlation between exit velocity and blood lactate (P &lt; 0.0001). RFI was significantly correlated with exit velocity (P = 0. 051) and blood lactate (P &lt; 0.05). This suggests that animals with higher RFI or less efficient animals had more flighty temperaments as determined by blood lactate and exit velocity.
PSXI-2 An update on the development of the Ruminant Farm Systems (RuFaS) model
Authors: Hansen Tayler L , Tricarico Juan , Reed Kristan F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research, extension, and education communities often focus on the adoption of single strategies because they lack the tools to integrate opportunities at a farm level. Modeling is the best approach to synchronize the complex linkages between animal health, animal-based protein production, water resources, and soil health on dairy farms. Available farm systems models have limitations that prevent scalability and adaptation to evolving technologies and scientific knowledge. Participatory modeling with corporate partners and farmers is being used to create the Ruminant Farm Systems (RuFaS) model. RuFaS tracks the flows of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through four biophysical modules: soil and crop, feed storage, animal herd, and manure. Users input farm variables through tiered files, from general farm information (e.g., crop type, animal numbers, field characteristics) to advanced inputs (e.g., soil characteristics, milk production parameters). The soil and crop module predicts alfalfa, corn, and soybean growth. The animal module uses a Monte-Carlo approach to determine individual animal characteristics and production, incorporating breed traits, reproduction protocols, and animal management decisions. RuFaS calculates animal nutrient requirements from NRC equations, which are averaged on a pen basis to reflect industry practices. A nutritional grouping algorithm can allocate lactating cows to different pens. Manure processing and feed storage modules are currently being developed. RuFaS is coded in python, a general-purpose programming language emphasizing readability. Pool and flux values are stored daily and transferred to an output generator before being cleared annually. Simulation data can be summarized to determine resource use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the cost of production. RuFaS will be available as open-source software to radically change users’ access to dairy farm systems models. The completed RuFaS model will be an essential tool for researchers to evaluate strategies for farm sustainability, and we anticipate the first version of RuFaS will be available in 2021.
PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)
Authors: Tamayao Paul , Ribeiro Gabriel O , McAllister Tim A , Yang Hee-Eun , Saleem A M , Ominski Kim , Okine Erasmus , McGeough E J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.
PSII-3 Carbohydrases enzymes improve the productive performance of grazing Nellore steers fed different nutritional plans during dry season
Authors: Acosta Anderson P , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Perdigão Alexandre , de Carvalho Victor V Valério , Acedo Tiago S , Pedrini Cibeli A , Gandra Jefferson R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of dosages of carbohydrases enzyme blend on productive performance of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. A total of 102 Nellore bulls (BW = 294.10 ± 3.35 kg) were equally distributed in six paddocks (17 bulls/paddock) following a completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, being the factors different nutritional plans (2): mineral-proteic supplementation (PS; Fosbovi® Proteico 35) offered at 0,1% BW or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (PES; Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25) offered at 0.3% BW; and levels of enzymatic carbohydrases blend (3):0,00 (control), 4,75 or 9,50 g/animal/day. The enzymatic blend was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX) and included in the supplements (both enzymes and supplements provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A.). Supplement intake and animal weighting were carried out daily and individually by an automatic scale system installed in each paddock, thus, animal was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and means were compared by polynomial regression. A quadratic effect was observed on enzyme level for ADG in both nutritional plans (P = 0.014), with intermediary dosages presenting the highest values of ADG for PS (0,283 vs. 0,188 kg/day) and PES (0.429 vs. 0.391 kg/day), over control respectively. Although no linear and quadratic enzyme effect was observed for final BW (FBW), animals supplemented with PES presented 20,06 kg higher FBW compared to PS (341,63 vs. 321,57 kg, P &lt; 0.001). An increasing linear effect was observed for supplement intake (kg/day), for both PS and PES (P = 0.020). According the polynomial regression, it is recommended to include 4.67 g/day of carbohydrases blend in PS and 3.77 g/day in PES, being the carbohydrases blend a viable technology to grazing cattle. Moreover, mineral-protein-energetic supplementation can optimize Nellore bulls performance during dry season.
PSII-19 Effect of zinc and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers
Authors: Hallmark Harrison D , Zervoudakis Joanis T , Torrecilhas Juliana Akamine , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana K , Toller Henrique , Guimaraes Octavio , Engle Terry E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One hundred and sixty-five crossbred steers were used in this experiment to investigate the influence of supplemental zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Steers were blocked by initial BW (518.9 ± 8.4 kg) within cattle source (2 sources) and housed in pens containing 6–7 steers per pen. Pens within blocks were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 30 or 90 mg of Zn/kg DM and 0.0 or 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Treatments consisted of: 1) 30 mg Zn/kg DM; 2) 90 mg Zn/kg DM; 3) 30 mg Zn + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM; and 4) 90 mg Zn/kg + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4 and Cr supplemented as Cr propionate. Steers were individually weighted on 2 consecutive days prior to initiating dietary treatment and on 2 consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Dietary treatment were initiated 64 days prior to slaughter (total days on feed = 240). All cattle were transported to a commercial abattoir on the same day and slaughtered. Steers receiving supplemental Cr had greater final BW (P &lt; 0.02) and ADG (P &lt; 0.03) when compared to non-Cr supplemented steers. Additionally, hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.005) and marbling score (P &lt; 0.03) were greater (P &lt; 0.005) for steers receiving 30 mg Zn/kg DM + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM when compared with all other treatments. Dry matter intake, morbidity and mortality, and all the other carcass measurements were similar across treatments. These data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, Zn and Cr supplementation may influence feedlot cattle growth and carcass characteristics.
PSII-7 Complete genome analysis of a novel mucolytic bacterium, Prevotella mucinisolvens sp. nov., isolated from bovine rumen epithelium
Authors: Hong Soo Jong , Kim Do Hyun , Jung Da Jin Sol , Haque Md Najmul , Baik Myunggi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of a novel mucolytic bacterium, Prevotella mucinisolvens sp. nov. Mucolytic bacteria were isolated from rumen epithelium of the dorsal sac of Korean cattle steer using a targeted cultivation on a mucin defined medium as a sole carbon source in anaerobic conditions. The genome of P. mucinisolvens was sequenced by means of both the Illumina HiSeq™ X and PacBio RSII platforms. The genome (2,730,135 bp) was found to contain 2,445 genes, 2,374 coding sequences, 61 transfer RNA, 1 transfer-messenger RNA, and 9 ribosomal RNA. The P. mucinisolvens had a total 51 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), of which 14 GHs, including β-galactosidases (GH2, GH20), α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases (GH101), α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GH89), sialidase (GH33), and fucosidases (GH29, GH95), were identified as enzymes involved in mucin degradation. Following the KEGG pathways, the putative mucolytic pathway was constructed, including the metabolism of carbon sources such as galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), and mannose. The presence of putative extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways, including Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway (4 putative glycosyltransferases, 3 acetyltransferases, 1 flippase, 1 polymerase, 1 polysaccharide co-polymerase, and 1 outer membrane transport protein) and synthase-dependent pathway (1 putative synthase, 3 precursors of synthesis), was confirmed in P. mucinisolvens. Twelve putative virulence factors associated with adherence (hasB, KpsF, and htpB), stress reactions (clpP and clpC), antiphagocytosis (hasB and bcs1), O-antigen (gmd, fcl, and galE), and metabolic adaption (panD) were identified. This study contributes to a better understanding of epimural bacteria in putative mucin-degrading ability.
PSII-4 Changes in abundance of ruminal bacteria associated with urea level and tannin supplementation in grazing beef cattle
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Salcedo Yury G , Alves Kenia L G C , Prados Laura F , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flávio D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing beef cattle on ruminal bacterial abundance. Were used eight rumen cannulated Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW) in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four periods of 28 each and four supplements: LU = low urea without TN; LUT = low urea plus TN; HU = high urea without TN and HUT = high urea plus TN). Steers grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW cwith soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of urea (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). Samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+ 3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). DESeq2 differential abundance analysis were performed using each steer on LU supplement as own control on others supplements and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test considering statistical significance at P &lt; 0.10. Only 5 OTUs differed significantly between treatments. Enterorhabdus.spp population were less abundant in HU, but TN was able to reduce the abundance in both LUT and HUT(P = 0.049). The ruminal abundance of Streptococcus.spp (P = 0.026), Fusobacterium.spp (P = 0.053) and Synergistes.spp (P = 0.048) was reduced by TN, but had no effect of urea level. Enterorhabdus.spp, Streptococcus.spp and Fusobacterium.spp are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, ruminal acidosis and to liver abscesses in cattle, respectively. Betaproteobacteria class were less abundant in HU treatment (P = 0.048), this heterogeneous class bacterial content some nitrogen fixing bacteria and some pathogens important in plants and animals. In conclusion, TN reduced the ruminal population of important ruminal pathogens bacterial.
PSII-13 Effect of corn stover silages inoculated with effective microorganisms (EM®) on digestibility of sheeps
Authors: Pérez- Manuel , Márquez-Mota Claudia C , Romero-Pérez Atmir , Avilés-Nieto Jonathan , Corona Luis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of corn stover silages with two sources of energy (cane molasses or milk whey) and EM (effective microorganisms, 1 mL/kg DM) on the digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation. We hypothesized that inoculation with EM (lactobacillus spp and Rhodopseudomona palustris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the silage process of corn stover coud improve the in vivo digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Six male sheep with cannula in the rumen were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Experimental periods consisted of 11 d for diet adjustment followed by 5 d for collection. The animals were housed in metabolic cages, with a harness to collect faeces individually. Diets consisted of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, mineral salt) 55% and corn stover 45% dry basis. The treatments were: CS-AMW= Corn stover with acid milk whey, CS-CM= corn stover with sugar cane molasses, SIL-AMW= corn stover silage with acid milk whey, SIL-CM= corn stover silage with cane molasses, SIL-AMW-EM= corn stover silage with acid milk whey and EMand SIL-CM-EM= Corn stover silage with cane molasses and EM. The results were analyzed with PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. The inoculation of corn stover with EM increased (P &lt; 0.05) the content of CP in SIL-AMW-EM and SIL-CM-EM respect CS-CM (Table 1). SIL-CM-EM increase (P &lt; 0.05) the ruminal N-NH3 and pH (Table 2) but no effect was observed for digestibility (Table 3). However, the SIL-AMW improved (5.8%, P &lt; 0.05) the OM digestion compared with CS-AMW. A diet with 45% corn stover silage with EM was not sufficient to improve in vivo digestibility of nutrients in sheep. This project was supported by UNAM,DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120)