bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Patients, Health Care Professionals, and Developers Toward Blockchain-Based Health Information Exchange: Qualitative Study
Authors: Lee Keehyuck , Lim Kahyun , Jung Se Young , Ji Hyerim , Hong Kyungpyo , Hwang Hee , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: October 2020

Background
Although the electronic health record system adoption rate has reached 96% in the United States, implementation and usage of health information exchange (HIE) is still lagging behind. Blockchain has come into the spotlight as a technology to solve this problem. However, there have been no studies assessing the perspectives of different stakeholders regarding blockchain-based patient-centered HIE.

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the awareness among patients, health care professionals, and information technology developers toward blockchain-based HIE, and compare their different perspectives related to the platform using a qualitative research methodology.

Methods
In this qualitative study, we applied grounded theory and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in the Health Service (PARiHS) framework. We interviewed 7 patients, 7 physicians, and 7 developers, for a total of 21 interviewees.

Results
Regarding the leakage of health information, the patient group did not have concerns in contrast to the physician and developer groups. Physicians were particularly concerned about the fact that errors in the data cannot be easily fixed due to the nature of blockchain technology. Patients were not against the idea of providing information for clinical trials or research institutions. They wished to be provided with the results of clinical research rather than being compensated for providing data. The developers emphasized that blockchain must be technically mature before it can be applied to the health care scene, and standards of medical information to be exchanged must first be established.

Conclusions
The three groups’ perceptions of blockchain were generally positive about the idea of patients having the control of sharing their own health information. However, they were skeptical about the cooperation among various institutions and implementation for data standardization in the establishment process, in addition to how the service will be employed in practice. Taking these factors into consideration during planning, development, and operation of a platform will contribute to establishing practical treatment plans and tracking in a more convenient manner for both patients and physicians. Furthermore, it will help expand the related research and health management industry based on blockchain.
Measurement of Semantic Textual Similarity in Clinical Texts: Comparison of Transformer-Based Models
Authors: Yang Xi , He Xing , Zhang Hansi , Ma Yinghan , Bian Jiang , Wu Yonghui 
Published: October 2020

Background
Semantic textual similarity (STS) is one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). Many shared tasks and corpora for STS have been organized and curated in the general English domain; however, such resources are limited in the biomedical domain. In 2019, the National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) challenge developed a comprehensive clinical STS dataset and organized a community effort to solicit state-of-the-art solutions for clinical STS.

Objective
This study presents our transformer-based clinical STS models developed during this challenge as well as new models we explored after the challenge. This project is part of the 2019 n2c2/Open Health NLP shared task on clinical STS.

Methods
In this study, we explored 3 transformer-based models for clinical STS: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), XLNet, and Robustly optimized BERT approach (RoBERTa). We examined transformer models pretrained using both general English text and clinical text. We also explored using a general English STS dataset as a supplementary corpus in addition to the clinical training set developed in this challenge. Furthermore, we investigated various ensemble methods to combine different transformer models.

Results
Our best submission based on the XLNet model achieved the third-best performance (Pearson correlation of 0.8864) in this challenge. After the challenge, we further explored other transformer models and improved the performance to 0.9065 using a RoBERTa model, which outperformed the best-performing system developed in this challenge (Pearson correlation of 0.9010).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the efficiency of utilizing transformer-based models to measure semantic similarity for clinical text. Our models can be applied to clinical applications such as clinical text deduplication and summarization.
Economic Burden and Health Care Access for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in China: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Yu Qiao , Zhu Chunpeng , Feng Shuyi , Xu Liyi , Hu Shurong , Chen Hao , Chen Hanwen , Yao Sheng , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2020

Background
The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has imposed heavy financial burdens for Chinese patients; however, data about their financial status and access to health care are still lacking. This information is important for informing patients with IBD about disease treatment budgets and health care strategies.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic status and medical care access of patients with IBD through the China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation web-based platform in China.

Methods
Our study was performed in 14 IBD centers in mainland China between 2018 and 2019 through WeChat. Participants were asked to complete a 64-item web-based questionnaire. Data were collected by the Wenjuanxing survey program. We mainly focused on income and insurance status, medical costs, and access to health care providers. Respondents were stratified by income and the associations of income with medical costs and emergency visit times were analyzed.

Results
In this study, 3000 patients with IBD, that is, 1922 patients with Crohn disease, 973 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 105 patients with undetermined colitis were included. During the last 12 months, the mean (SD) direct and indirect costs for per patient with IBD were approximately US $11,668.68 ($7944.44) and US $74.90 ($253.60) in China. The average reimbursement ratios for most outpatient and inpatient costs were less than 50%. However, the income of 85.5% (2565/3000) of the patients was less than ¥10,000 (US $1445) per month. Approximately 96.5% (2894/3000) of the patients were covered by health insurance, but only 24.7% (741/3000) of the patients had private commercial insurance, which has higher imbursement ratios. Nearly 98.0% (2954/3000) of the patients worried about their financial situation. Thus, 79.7% (2392/3000) of the patients with IBD tried to save money for health care and even delayed their medical treatments. About half of the respondents (1282/3000, 42.7%) had no primary care provider, and 52.2% (1567/3000) of the patients had to visit the emergency room 1-4 times per year for the treatment of their IBD. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower income (P=.001) and higher transportation (P=.004) and accommodation costs (P=.001) were significantly associated with the increased number of emergency visits of the patients.

Conclusions
Chinese patients with IBD have enormous financial burdens and difficulties in accessing health care, which have increased their financial anxiety and inevitably influenced their disease outcomes. Early purchase of private insurance, thereby increasing the reimbursement ratio for medical expenses, and developing the use of telemedicine would be effective strategies for saving on health care costs.
Effectiveness of Virtual Medical Teaching During the COVID-19 Crisis: Systematic Review
Authors: Wilcha Robyn-Jenia 
Published: October 2020

Background
In December 2019, COVID-19 emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is high; as a result, countries worldwide have imposed rigorous public health measures, such as quarantine. This has involved the suspension of medical school classes globally. Medical school attachments are vital to aid the progression of students’ confidence and competencies as future physicians. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, medical schools have sought ways to replace medical placements with virtual clinical teaching.

Objective
The objective of this study was to review the advantages and disadvantages of virtual medical teaching for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the current emerging literature.

Methods
A brief qualitative review based on the application and effectiveness of virtual teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted by referencing keywords, including medical student virtual teaching COVID-19, virtual undergraduate medical education, and virtual medical education COVID-19, in the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 201 articles were found, of which 34 were included in the study. Manual searches of the reference lists of the included articles yielded 5 additional articles. The findings were tabulated and assessed under the following headings: summary of virtual teaching offered, strengths of virtual teaching, and weaknesses of virtual teaching.

Results
The strengths of virtual teaching included the variety of web-based resources available. New interactive forms of virtual teaching are being developed to enable students to interact with patients from their homes. Open-access teaching with medical experts has enabled students to remain abreast of the latest medical advancements and to reclaim knowledge lost by the suspension of university classes and clinical attachments. Peer mentoring has been proven to be a valuable tool for medical students with aims of increasing knowledge and providing psychological support. Weaknesses of virtual teaching included technical challenges, confidentiality issues, reduced student engagement, and loss of assessments. The mental well-being of students was found to be negatively affected during the pandemic. Inequalities of virtual teaching services worldwide were also noted to cause differences in medical education.

Conclusions
In the unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools have a duty to provide ongoing education to medical students. The continuation of teaching is crucial to enable the graduation of future physicians into society. The evidence suggests that virtual teaching is effective, and institutions are working to further develop these resources to improve student engagement and interactivity. Moving forward, medical faculties must adopt a more holistic approach to student education and consider the mental impact of COVID-19 on students as well as improve the security and technology of virtual platforms.
Parámetros de selección para el rendimiento en melón (Cucumis melo) cultivado bajo invernadero
Authors: Monge Pérez José Eladio , Loría Coto Michelle 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: No se ha realizado análisis de sendero para el rendimiento, en el cultivo de melón en invernadero. Objetivo: establecer correlaciones de Pearson entre doce variables, para 10 genotipos de melón producidos bajo invernadero, y realizar el análisis de sendero para el rendimiento. Las variables fueron: edad al inicio de cosecha (días después del trasplante-ddt), peso del fruto (PF, en g), número de frutos por planta (NFP), rendimiento (kg/planta), firmeza de pulpa del fruto (N), porcentaje de sólidos solubles totales (°Brix), diámetro ecuatorial del fruto (DE, en mm), diámetro polar del fruto (DP, en mm), relación DP/DE, grosor de pulpa del fruto (GP, en mm), grosor de cavidad del fruto (GC, en mm), y relación 2GP/GC. Métodos: El cultivo se manejó con fertirrigación, en sustrato de fibra de coco. Resultados: Se obtuvo una correlación positiva y altamente significativa entre el rendimiento y: NFP (r=0,97**), relación DP/DE (r=0,65**) y DP (r=0,45**). El principal efecto directo positivo sobre el rendimiento fue ejercido por NFP (coeficiente de sendero-CS=1,05), seguido por PF (CS=0,20), DP (CS=0,16), relación 2GP/GC (CS=0,11), y GC (CS=0,06), mientras que los máximos efectos indirectos positivos sobre el rendimiento fueron ejercidos por relación DP/DE (CS=0,69) y DP (CS=0,48) a través de NFP. Por otra parte, las siguientes variables ejercieron un efecto directo negativo sobre el rendimiento: relación DP/DE (CS=-0,19), GP (CS=-0,15), y DE (CS=-0,05). Los resultados obtenidos de la correlación y el análisis de sendero mostraron que la eficiencia en la selección para rendimiento en melón puede ser aumentada a través de la selección de NFP. Conclusiones: NFP fue la variable principal que contribuyó con el rendimiento, y es un criterio de selección fundamental en fitomejoramiento de melón cultivado bajo invernadero.
New routes in the study of Aviation and Aeronautical English
Authors: Tosqui-Lucks Patrícia , Prado Malila Carvalho de Almeida 
Published: October 2020

We begin this editorial inspired by the words of Santos Dumont, the Brazilian most illustrious aviator, “a flying poet, a dreaming and persevering designer, who through his creations made a difference to history, and who is therefore able to teach us lessons even today (BORGES, 2016, p. 01). Indeed, this project of an Aviation English[1] special edition began as a dream and took us a dose of perseverance to be accomplished. The idea was sparked two years ago, when we were launching the book of our research group GEIA[2], entitled Pesquisas sobre Inglês Aeronáutico no Brasil (SCARAMUCCI, TOSQUI-LUCKS, DAMIÃO, 2018), during the 5th GEIA Seminar, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. At that moment, we wanted to gather research results from the dissertations and theses of GEIA[3]members, most of them written in Portuguese, since it is a policy of most Brazilian Federal and State Universities, at least in the area of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, that they are written in our national language. We felt fulfilled to share our findings with the aviation English community in Brazil, but it was about time to dream bigger and share our research results with the international community.[1] Some authors use Aviation English and Aeronautical English with capital letters, while others prefer aviation English and aeronautical English. We consider it just a stylistic choice.[2] GEIA stands for Grupo de Estudos em Inglês Aeronáutico (Aeronautical English Research Group), located at the Airspace Control Institute (ICEA), in Brazil, and validated by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -CNPq) since 2013.[3] The publications of group members are constantly updated on our website: https://geia.icea.gov.br/geia/papers.php
A brief analysis of language tasks used by air traffic controllers in radiotelephony communications in Brazil
Authors: Aragão Beatriz Faria , Scaramucci Matilde Virginia Ricardi 
Published: October 2020

This article reports the results of a study, conducted by the EPLIS (the SISCEAB Aeronautical English Language Proficiency Exam) development team, which consisted, among other things, of an analysis followed by discussion of the language tasks listed in Appendix B of the Manual on the Implementation of Language Proficiency Requirements (Doc 9835, ICAO, 2010). Although those language tasks supposedly represented language used by air traffic controllers, they were considered too vague to be used to improve the exam or to develop teaching and assessment materials. The study was carried out by a team of five experienced and proficient air traffic controllers from different facilities and a language expert with experience in teaching and assessing English for specific purposes using a focus group methodology. The results have shown that the most frequently used language tasks are related to traffic management, mostly covered by phraseology. On the other hand, language tasks involving explanation and clarifications, which are highly recurrent in radiotelephony communications, require the use of plain language. Additionally, the analysis has revealed that although some language tasks might not be so complex in terms of language, nor so frequently used, they play an important role in the safety of operation.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO DEFINING THE NOTION OF “PERSONAL SELF-DETERMINTAION” IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Селиванова Юлия Викторовна , Коновалова Марина Дмитриевна , Щетинина Елена Борисовна 
Published: October 2020

Раскрываются концептуальные подходы к трактовке личностного самоопределения. Основные положения теории самоопределения являются актуальными с точки зрения современной науки. Результаты рассмотрения этого понятия помогут задать направления исследования характеристик личностного самоопределения в инклюзивном образовательном пространстве. Данный объектно-процессуальный феномен находится в фокусе изучения философии, социологии, психологии и педагогики. Контексты каждой науки используются для решения актуальных комплексных задач исследования. Научный дискурс различных философских концепций основан на размышлениях о том, какова степень свободы человека в определении личностных и профессиональных устремлений, каким образом внешние социальные обстоятельства детерминируют выбор человека, как на поведенческие стратегии и выборы влияют сценарии личностного, родового и социального прошлого. Социологический подход раскрывает специфику самоопределения как элемента целеполагания и результата социально-ролевого поведения. Психологический подход определяет процессуальные характеристики самоопределения и детерминирующие его внутренние факторы. Личностный и субъектно-деятельностный психологические подходы являются наиболее продуктивными основами рассмотрения проблем личностного самоопределения лиц с ограничениями жизнедеятельности в период их профессионального становления в образовательной инклюзивной среде.
The article uncovers the conceptual approaches to interpreting of personal selfdetermination. The fundamental statements, as the authors state, continue to be relevant from the modern scientific point of view. The authors assume that this notion research results may steer the direction of further research of the personal self-determination characteristics within the inclusive education field. The given object/process phenomenon is in focus of philosophical, sociological and pedagogical studies. The contexts of each of those sciences are used to address the actual complex tasks of the research. The discussion touching different philosophical concepts is based on the speculation in regards to: what it the level of personal freedom impact on the professional growth of a person, how do the external social circumstances affect the personal choices, how do family, personal and social factors of the past affect the behavioral strategies. The sociological approach evaluates the specifics of selfdetermination as an element of goal-establishment and a social role-based behavior. The psychological approach defines the procedural characteristics of self-determination and its determining internal factors. The personal and subject-behavioral psychological approaches are the most productive bases in considering the issue of the self-determination for people with limiting life circumstances during the period of their professional establishment in the inclusive educational environment.
FOREIGN ADAPTIVE TECHNICS FOR CREATION OF EDUCATIONAL ROUTE FOR EXCEPTIONAL LEARNERS IN CONDITIONS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Мельник Юлия Владимировна 
Published: October 2020

Рассмотрена актуальная проблема адаптации маршрута обучения в соответствии с особыми образовательными потребностями лица, находящегося в условиях инклюзивного учебно-воспитательного континуума. Проанализированы зарубежные концепции возможной адаптации образовательного маршрута для нетипичных лиц: комбинаторно-сигнификационная трактовка создания индивидуальной образовательной траектории и теория адаптивного эмфатического дискурса как компонента целостного образовательного маршрута. Охарактеризована роль адекватных транслятивных техник передачи информации между всеми участниками инклюзивного обучения в вузе при формировании ими механизма сигнификации, предполагающего создание инновационной культуры принятия любых форм нетипичности. Раскрыто значение позитивной эмфатизации как ключевого условия для достижения нетипичным обучающимся положительных академических результатов и становления устойчивой траектории его социализации. Дано авторское понимание термина «нетипичность». Представлен рекомендательный перечень техник адаптации образовательного маршрута с точки зрения междисциплинарного подхода и выделения функциональной роли специалиста по социальной работе в данном процессе. Определены ключевые функции специалиста по социальной работе в ходе построения положительного эмотивного дискурса как ключевого элемента адаптации образовательного маршрута.
The article deals with the actual problem of creation of adaptive educational route that is adequate to special educational needs of person who is in inclusive educational continuum. The author analyses the following foreign concepts of possible adaptation of educational route for exceptional persons: combinatorially-significated interpretation of creation of individual educational path and theory of adaptive emphatic discourse that is a component of holistic educational route. This research characterizes the role of adequate translative technics of communication between all participants of inclusive education in high educational institute in process of development of signified mechanism which implies creation of acceptance innovative culture in relation to any forms of exceptionality. The author clarifies importance of positive emphatization as a key condition for achievement of exceptional learner’s good academic results and development of his sustainable path of socialization as well as shows her own understanding of the term “exceptionality”. The article considers in the recommended range of adaptive technics for creation of educational route from the positions of multidisciplinary approach and description of specialist’s on social work functional role in this process. The author determines key specialist’s on social work functions in the process of creation of positive emphatic discourse, which is basic condition for successful adaptation of educational route.