bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toeplitz Operators on the Symmetrized Bidisc
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Das B Krishna , Sau Haripada 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The symmetrized bidisc has been a rich field of holomorphic function theory and operator theory. A certain well-known reproducing kernel Hilbert space of holomorphic functions on the symmetrized bidisc resembles the Hardy space of the unit disc in several aspects. This space is known as the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc. We introduce the study of those operators on the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc that are analogous to Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space of the unit disc. More explicitly, we first study multiplication operators on a bigger space (an $L^2$-space) and then study compressions of these multiplication operators to the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc and prove the following major results.
(1) Theorem I analyzes the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc, not just as a Hilbert space, but as a Hilbert module over the polynomial ring and finds three isomorphic copies of it as $\mathbb D^2$-contractive Hilbert modules.
(2) Theorem II provides an algebraic, Brown and Halmos-type characterization of Toeplitz operators.
(3) Theorem III gives several characterizations of an analytic Toeplitz operator.
(4) Theorem IV characterizes asymptotic Toeplitz operators.
(5) Theorem V is a commutant lifting theorem.
(6) Theorem VI yields an algebraic characterization of dual Toeplitz operators.
Every section from Section 2 to Section 7 contains a theorem each, the main result of that section.
Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats
Authors: Zhang Xiu Min , Medrano Rodolfo F , Wang Min , Beauchemin Karen A , Ma Zhi Yuan , Wang Rong , Wen Jiang Nan , Lukuyu Bernard A , Tan Zhi Liang , He Jian Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with &gt;50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P &lt; 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P &lt; 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P &lt; 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P &lt; 0.001) and acetate (P &lt; 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.
Other-Attentiveness in Video Consultation Openings: A Conversation Analysis of Video-Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Consultations
Authors: Stommel Wyke , Goor Harry van , Stommel Martijn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor patients recovering from surgery, a video consultation is a suitable alternative to conventional consultations. Video consultations have been found to be beneficial, but little is known about their organization, compared to face-to-face consultations. In this article, we explore potential extra interactional work conducted by participants in video-mediated consultations. We focus on the beginning of the consultation. Our data consist of 39 recorded, postoperative, oncological consultations, both face-to-face and through video-mediated communication (VMC), which we analyzed using conversation analysis. Although surgeons commonly launched the beginning with an announcement of the pathology report as the reason for the consultation, we found that in VMC, “how are you?” was regularly inserted after the testing of the technology. The question is a suitable strategy, as it displays overt other-attentiveness, while also being medically relevant. However, subsequently, surgeons may unilaterally close the elicited self-report to then address the pathology report. Thus, the “extra interactional work” of other-attentiveness is again attenuated.
Do island populations differ in size and shape compared to mainland counterparts?
Authors: Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul , Nájera-Cortazar Laura A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdaptation and evolution of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting islands have been the topic of many studies, particularly those seeking to identify trends or patterns in body size in mammals, albeit not necessarily in shape, in relation to mainland populations. The spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus, is distributed in the Baja California peninsula and its surrounding islands. Insular populations became isolated ~12,000 due to changes in sea level; these populations’ matrilinear (mitochondrial) DNA shows minor interpopulation variation. We tested the hypothesis that adaptation and evolution in these island populations involve variation in both skull size and skull shape (using geometric morphometrics) relative to mainland populations, rather than only in size as previously assumed. A total of 363 specimens from 15 insular and peninsular populations were used in analysis of the skull length and geometric morphometric analyses. Our findings revealed significant differences related to skull size among population. The skull shape analyses showed two significantly different morphotypes: one for all island specimens and one for all mainland samples. Our analyses support the hypothesis that insular populations may not only vary in size relative to mainland populations, but may also show variations in shape, regardless of differing conditions across islands.
Sensitivity of Medicare Data to Identify Oncologists
Authors: Warren Joan L , Barrett Michael J , White Dolly P , Banks Robert , Cafardi Susannah , Enewold Lindsey 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Health services researchers have studied how care from oncologists impacts treatment and outcomes for cancer patients. These studies frequently identify physician specialty using files from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) or the American Medical Association (AMA). The completeness of the CMS data resources, individually or combined, to identify oncologists is unknown. This study assessed the sensitivity of CMS data to capture oncologists included in the AMA Physician Masterfile.

Methods
Oncologists were identified from three CMS data resources: physician claims, the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System Registry, and the Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty file. CMS files and AMA data were linked using a unique physician identifier. Sensitivity to identify any oncologists, radiation oncologists (ROs), surgical oncologists (SOs), and medical oncologists (MOs) was calculated for individual and combined CMS files. For oncologists in the AMA data not identified as oncologists in the CMS data, their CMS specialty was assessed.

Results
Individual CMS files each captured approximately 83% of the 17 934 oncologists in the AMA Masterfile; combined CMS files captured 90.4%. By specialty, combined CMS data captured 98.2% of ROs, 89.3% of MOs, and 70.1% of SOs. For ROs and SOs in the AMA data not identified as oncologists in the CMS data, their CMS specialty was usually similar to the AMA subspecialty; ROs were radiologists and SOs were surgeons.

Conclusion
Using combined files from CMS identified most ROs and MOs found in the AMA, but not most SOs. Determining whether to use the AMA data or CMS files for a particular research project will depend on the specific research question and the type of oncologist included in the study.
Reactions towards Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands: Associations with Right-wing Ideological Attitudes, Threat and Perceptions of Asylum Seekers as Legitimate and Economic
Authors: Onraet Emma , Van Hiel Alain , Valcke Barbara , Assche Jasper Van 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study conducted in the Netherlands examines citizen's attitudes towards asylum seekers. We collected data in a large (N = 993) heterogeneous adult sample in November 2015, in the midst of the European “refugee crisis”. Our first aim was to map the reactions of citizens towards asylum seekers. Our second aim was to examine the role of right-wing ideological attitudes (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation) in explaining these reactions. With respect to the first research aim, it was revealed that, on average, our respondents were rather unwilling to help asylum seekers. Moreover, respondents were more welcoming towards legitimate asylum seekers (who are on the run from war and violence in their home country) compared to economic asylum seekers. With respect to the second research aim, we found that right-wing attitudes were related to stronger negative reactions towards asylum seekers. Moreover, individuals higher on right-wing ideological attitudes were more likely to perceive asylum seekers as being economic asylum seekers and less as legitimate asylum seekers, which related to stronger feelings of threat and ultimately, to more negative reactions towards asylum seekers.
Can There Be a Right of Return?
Authors: Lamey Andy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During long-term refugee displacements, it is common for the refugees’ country of origin to be called on to recognize a right of return. A long-standing tradition of philosophical theorizing is sceptical of such a right. Howard Adelman and Elazar Barkan are contemporary proponents of this view. They argue that, in many cases, it is not feasible for entire refugee populations to return home, and so the notion of a right of return is no right at all. We can call Adelman and Barkan’s view the feasibility objection. Many defenders of rights will deny that empirical facts such as the kind to which Adelman and Barkan appeal are relevant to determining whether a moral entitlement amounts to a right. In contrast, I offer a response to the feasibility objection that does admit the relevance of facts. In my view, considerations of feasibility do matter when determining what rights human beings possess. Nevertheless, the feasibility objection is undone by its failure to acknowledge a distinction between two different kinds of feasibility constraints. ‘Hard’ constraints include logical, nomological and biological considerations. ‘Soft’ constraints include political, cultural and institutional factors. A necessary condition of a moral entitlement achieving the status of a right, I argue, is that it be feasible in the hard sense. Crucially, however, a right need not always be feasible in the soft sense. Refugees can have rights that it is not currently possible to implement politically.
The DEAD-box RNA helicase SHI2 functions in repression of salt-inducible genes and regulation of cold-inducible gene splicing
Authors: Wang Bangshing , Chai Haoxi , Zhong Yingli , Shen Yun , Yang Wannian , Chen Junping , Xin Zhanguo , Shi Huazhong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gene regulation is central for growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes in all living organisms. Many genes are induced by environmental cues, and the expression of these inducible genes is often repressed under normal conditions. Here, we show that the SHINY2 (SHI2) gene is important for repressing salt-inducible genes and also plays a role in cold response. The shi2 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to cold, abscisic acid (ABA), and LiCl. Map-based cloning demonstrates that SHI2 encodes a DEAD- (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box RNA helicase with similarity to a yeast splicing factor. Transcriptomic analysis of the shi2 mutant in response to cold revealed that the shi2 mutation decreased the number of cold-responsive genes and the magnitude of their response, and resulted in the mis-splicing of some cold-responsive genes. Under salt stress, however, the shi2 mutation increased the number of salt-responsive genes but had a negligible effect on mRNA splicing. Our results suggest that SHI2 is a component in a ready-for-transcription repressor complex important for gene repression under normal conditions, and for gene activation and transcription under stress conditions. In addition, SHI2 also serves as a splicing factor required for proper splicing of cold-responsive genes and affects 5' capping and polyadenylation site selection.
Periodic transit timing variations and refined system parameters of the exoplanet XO-6b
Authors: Garai Zoltán , Pribulla Theodor , Komžík Richard , Kundra Emil , Hambálek Ľubomír , Szabó Gyula M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Only a few exoplanets are known to orbit around fast rotating stars. One of them is XO-6b, which orbits an F5V-type star. Shortly after the discovery, we started multicolor photometric and radial-velocity follow-up observations of XO-6b, using the telescopes of Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Our main scientific goals were to better characterize the planetary system and to search for transit timing variations. We refined several planetary and orbital parameters. Based on our measurements, the planet XO-6b seems to be about 10% larger, which is, however, only about 2σ difference, but its orbit inclination angle, with respect to the plane of the sky, seems to be significantly smaller, than it was determined originally by the discoverers. In this case we found about 9.5σ difference. Moreover, we observed periodic transit timing variations of XO-6b with a semi-amplitude of about 14 min and with a period of about 450 days. There are two plausible explanations of such transit timing variations: (1) a third object in the system XO-6 causing light-time effect, or (2) resonant perturbations between the transiting planet XO-6b and another unknown low-mass planet in this system. From the O-C diagram we derived that the assumed third object in the system should have a stellar mass, therefore significant variations are expected in the radial-velocity measurements of XO-6. Since this is not the case, and since all attempts to fit radial velocities and O-C data simultaneously failed to provide a consistent solution, more realistic is the second explanation.
ASASSN-14ho: Longest-period dwarf nova with multiple rebrightenings
Authors: Kato Taichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The post-outburst rebrightening phenomenon in dwarf novae and X-ray novae is still one of the most challenging subjects for theories of accretion disks. It has been widely recognized that post-outburst rebrightenings are a key feature of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, which predominantly have short (≲0.06 d) orbital periods. The author found four post-outburst rebrightenings in ASASSN-14ho during its 2014 outburst, whose orbital period was recently measured to be exceptionally long [0.24315(10) d]. Using the formal solution of the radial velocity study in the literature, this paper discusses the possibility that this object could be an SU UMa-type dwarf nova near the stability border of the 3 : 1 resonance, despite its exceptionally long orbital period. Such objects are considered to be produced if mass transfer occurs after the secondary has undergone significant nuclear evolution, and they may be hidden in a significant number of dwarf novae showing multiple post-outburst rebrightenings.
DOSE DEPENDENCE OF RADIATION INDUCED DAMAGE IN THE THERMOLUMINESCENT RESPONSE OF LIF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100)
Authors: Reshes G , Biderman S , Horowitz Y S , Oster L , Eliyahu I , Ginsburg D , Shapiro A , Assor Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of previous irradiation on the sensitivity of the glow peaks of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) is investigated up to levels of dose of 400 Gy in both slow-cooled and naturally cooled materials following the 400°C/1 hour pre-irradiation anneal. It is demonstrated that the naturally cooled samples can be re-used up to accumulated levels of dose of 50 Gy without recalibration. At 400 Gy a significant decrease in sensitivity of approximately 25% is observed for all the glow peaks (excluding peak 3). In slow-cooled materials even 100 Gy does not alter the sensitivity of the material.
Developments in Germany concerning the Taxation of Trusts
Authors: von Oertzen Christian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on recent court decisions and rulings from the German revenue services, the article highlights the current developments in Germany regarding trusts. The number of court cases and revenue rulings dealing with trusts has substantially increased in the last two years. Nevertheless, they show that using trusts for wealth planning raises complicated and complex tax questions for German-based beneficiaries.
Role of host genetic diversity for susceptibility-to-infection in the evolution of virulence of a plant virus†
Authors: González Rubén , Butković Anamarija , Elena Santiago F 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPredicting viral emergence is difficult due to the stochastic nature of the underlying processes and the many factors that govern pathogen evolution. Environmental factors affecting the host, the pathogen and the interaction between both are key in emergence. In particular, infectious disease dynamics are affected by spatiotemporal heterogeneity in their environments. A broad knowledge of these factors will allow better estimating where and when viral emergence is more likely to occur. Here, we investigate how the population structure for susceptibility-to-infection genes of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana shapes the evolution of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). For doing so we have evolved TuMV lineages in two radically different host population structures: (1) a metapopulation subdivided into six demes (subpopulations); each one being composed of individuals from only one of six possible A. thaliana ecotypes and (2) a well-mixed population constituted by equal number of plants from the same six A. thaliana ecotypes. These two populations were evolved for twelve serial passages. At the end of the experimental evolution, we found faster adaptation of TuMV to each ecotype in the metapopulation than in the well-mixed heterogeneous host populations. However, viruses evolved in well-mixed populations were more pathogenic and infectious than viruses evolved in the metapopulation. Furthermore, the viruses evolved in the demes showed stronger signatures of local specialization than viruses evolved in the well-mixed populations. These results illustrate how the genetic diversity of hosts in an experimental ecosystem favors the evolution of virulence of a pathogen.
Neuromedin U suppresses insulin secretion by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Sakoda Hideyuki , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeuromedin U (NMU), a highly conserved peptide in mammals, is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes. NMU, which is synthesized in β‐cells and co‐localizes with insulin, directly acts on β‐cells via NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) to suppress glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The mechanism underlying this insulinostatic effect has yet to be elucidated. We observed that NMU caused mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in β‐cell‐derived MIN6‐K8 cells. NMU administration induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as reflected by the activation of ER stress signaling pathways involving ATF6, XBP‐1s, and PERK‐ATF4‐CHOP. Nmu knockdown in MIN6‐K8 cells increased the number of insulin granules and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function. NMU was upregulated in both the islets of db/db mice and palmitate‐treated MIN6‐K8 cells. Our results highlight the crucial role of NMU in the maintenance of β‐cell function and glucose metabolism through regulation of mitochondria dysfunction and ER stress. In pathological stages that develop into diabetes, upregulation of NMU could suppress the insulin secretion by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which may contribute to subsequent β‐cell dysfunction.
Dysmetabolic circulating tumor cells are prognostic in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Brisotto Giulia , Biscontin Eva , Rossi Elisabetta , Bulfoni Michela , Piruska Aigars , Spazzapan Simon , Poggiana Cristina , Vidotto Riccardo , Steffan Agostino , Colombatti Alfonso , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Cesselli Daniela , Zamarchi Rita , Turetta Matteo , Ben Fabio Del 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe prognostic value of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs), defined as EpCAM+, Cytokeratin (8, 18, 19)+ and CD45-nucleated cells, has been provided in metastatic breast cancer (mBC), with Level I of evidence. However, CTCs belong to a heterogeneous pool of rare cells, and there isn’t consensus on an univocal definition of CTCs. Here, we present a definition of metabolically altered CTCs (MBA-CTC) as CD45-negative cells with an increased extracellular acidification rate (iECAR), supported by the presence of iECAR among the hallmarks of cancer. We tested the prognostic value of MBA-CTC present in mBC patients before starting a new systemic therapy (T0) and 3-4 weeks after (T1). Samples were analyzed in parallel with CellSearch platform (CS). Standard RECIST criteria were used to determine patients’ responses to treatment.In our cohort of n=31 mBC patients, a level of MBA-CTCs above the cut-off was associated with: i) a shorter median PFS both pre-therapy (123 days vs 306; p<0.0001) and during therapy (139 vs 266 days; p= 0.0009); ii) a worse OS both pre-therapy (p=0.0003, 82% survival vs 20%) and during therapy (p=0.0301, 67% survival vs 38%); iii) good agreement with therapy response (kappa=0.685). Both the trend of MBA-CTCs over time and the combined results of the two assays (MBA and CS) enabled more accurate stratification. MBA and CS results showed fair (K=0.33) and poor (K=0.077) agreement at T0 and T1, respectively. This fact and the increased accuracy in combining results suggest that the assays detect different CTC subsets. In conclusion, MBA-CTCs does provide prognostic information at least equivalent to CS, and are even more informative when analyzed over time or combined with CS-CTCs.