bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application and prospects of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and polymers in the food industry: a review
Authors: Tian Bingren , Xiao Dong , Hei Tingting , Ping Rui , Hua Shiyao , Liu Jiayue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCyclodextrin is an odorless and tasteless cyclic oligosaccharide widely used in various fields such as food, medicine and the environment. Cyclodextrin can improve solubility and stability, and can mask the bad taste of specific substances. Cyclodextrins and their polymers primarily act by forming complexes in foods, and can be applied in food packing, food analysis, enhancing the properties of antioxidants, antibacterials, for stability and so on. The challenges and opportunities facing this area are reviewed. It is hoped that the review will provide useful information for future applications of cyclodextrin in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Al‐Ni‐NiO Pyrotechnic Time‐Delays
Authors: Guo Shasha , Focke Walter W. , Tichapondwa Shepherd M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe time delay elements in conventional mine detonators comprise pyrotechnic compositions pressed in aluminum tubes. Thermite and intermetallic reactions offer the possibility of greener alternatives for current heavy metal‐based compositions. Unfortunately, the high reaction temperatures associated with conventional thermites cause operational failures due to the melting of the metal housings. Similarly, it is difficult to achieve sustained burning with intermetallic systems alone. Combination thermite‐intermetallic systems may offer a solution to both problems. The concept is illustrated through ternary compositions based on powder mixtures of aluminum, nickel and nickel oxide. Progressive dilution of the primary thermite reaction, 5 Al+3 NiO→Al2O3+3 AlNi, with the intermetallic reaction, Al+Ni→AlNi, smoothly reduced the adiabatic reaction temperature by as much as 800 K simultaneously maintaining consistent burn behavior inside both glass and lead tubes. However, in the process the burning rate gradually decreased from ca. 190 mm s−1 to as low as 23 mm s−1.
Parental silencing of a horizontally transferred carotenoid desaturase gene causes a reduction of red pigment and fitness in the pea aphid
Authors: Ding Bi‐Yue , Niu Jinzhi , Shang Feng , Yang Li , Zhang Wei , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAphids obtained carotenoid biosynthesis genes via horizontal gene transfers from fungi. However, the roles of these genes in the contributions of in aphids’adaptation and whether these genes could be used as RNAi‐based pest control targets are not yet clear. Thus, in this study we used parental RNAi to analyze the potential function of a carotenoid desaturase gene (CdeB) by combined molecular and chemical approaches in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum).RESULTSTranscriptional analyses showed that CdeB was significantly more highly expressed in the red morphs compared to the green ones and was associated with the production of red carotenoid. Co‐transferring of pET28a‐CdeB (the CdeB gene was cloned into pET28a) and pACCRT‐EIB (produced lycopene) showed a deep red color in the bacterial precipitate and produced more of a red pigment, lycopene, in vitro. Parental gene‐silencing of CdeB resulted in a lower body color intensity in the treated aphids and following generations in vivo. Interestingly, the dsCdeB treatment also reduced aphid performance as reflected by a delay in nymphal developmental duration, lower weight, smaller number, and altered age structure of the population.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that CdeB is involved in red color formation and the silencing of this gene by parental RNAi reduced fitness in the pea aphid. The results enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis of carotenoid in aphids and provide insights into the potential ecological significance of carotenoids in the adaptation of the aphid's biology to the environment and developing environmentally friendly control strategies for this pest.
Heterotic instantons for monad and extension bundles
Authors: Buchbinder Evgeny I. , Lukas Andre , Ovrut Burt A. , Ruehle Fabian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider non-perturbative superpotentials from world-sheet instantons wrapped on holomorphic genus zero curves in heterotic string theory. These superpotential contributions feature prominently in moduli stabilization and large field axion inflation, which makes their presence or absence, as well as their functional dependence on moduli, an important issue. We develop geometric methods to compute the instanton superpotentials for heterotic string theory with monad and extension bundles. Using our methods, we find a variety of examples with a non-vanishing superpotential. In view of standard vanishing theorems, we speculate that these results are likely to be attributed to the non-compactness of the instanton moduli space. We test this proposal, for the case of monad bundles, by considering gauged linear sigma models where compactness of the instanton moduli space can be explicitly checked. In all such cases, we find that the geometric results are consistent with the vanishing theorems. Surprisingly, linearly dependent Pfaffians even arise for cases with a non-compact instanton moduli space. This suggests some gauged linear sigma models with a non-compact instanton moduli space may still have a vanishing instanton superpotential.
Yukawa ratio predictions in non-renormalizable SO(10) GUT models
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Hohl Christian , Susič Vasja 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since SO(10) GUTs unify all fermions of the Standard Model plus a right-chiral neutrino in a representation 16 per family, they have the potential to be maximally predictive regarding the ratios between the masses (or Yukawa couplings) of different fermion types, i.e. the up-type quarks, down-type quarks, charged leptons and neutrinos. We analyze the predictivity of classes of SO(10) (SUSY) GUT models for the fermion mass ratios, where the Yukawa couplings for each family are dominated by a single effective GUT operator of the schematic form 162 · 45n · 210m · H, for H ∈ {10,120,$$ \overline{\mathbf{126}} $$

126
¯

}. This extends previous works to general vacuum expectation value directions for GUT-scale VEVs and to larger Higgs representations. In addition, we show that the location of the MSSM Higgses in the space of all doublets is a crucial aspect to consider. We discuss highly predictive cases and illustrate the predictive power in toy models consisting of masses for the 3rd and 2nd fermion family.
Behandlungsstrategien und Ergebnisse bei injektionsassoziierten inguinalen perivaskulären Abszessen bei intravenös Drogenabhängigen
Authors: Liebetrau D. , Feder E. , Zerwes S. , Goßlau Y. , Hyhlik-Dürr A. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Langzeitdrogenabhängige präsentieren sich nach dem Verbrauch der oberflächlichen Venen regelmäßig mit tiefen inguinalen vaskulär assoziierten Abszessen infolge fortgesetzter Drogeninjektionen. Die Behandlung dieser Komplikationen stellt anhaltend eine große medizinische Herausforderung dar. Bisher werden keine einheitlichen Therapieregime in der Literatur beschrieben.

Fragestellung
Welche Behandlungsstrategien und Ergebnisse gibt es bei injektionsassoziierten inguinalen perivaskulären Abszessen bei Drogenabhängigen?

Material und Methoden
Die Daten aller im Zeitraum zwischen 01.01.2004 und 31.05.2019 am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg behandelten Drogenkonsumenten wurden retrospektiv aufgearbeitet und mit der vorliegenden Literatur verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 37 Fälle (männlich = 25, weiblich = 12) nach Anwendung der Einschlusskriterien in die Datenerhebung eingeschlossen werden. Das mediane Alter im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv lag bei 34,3 Jahren. Die 30-Tage-Mortalität lag bei 2,7 % (1/37). Die Amputationsrate betrug 2,8 %. Im untersuchten Kollektiv lag bei 13 Patienten eine arterielle Beteiligung vor. In 5 Fällen wurde primär arteriell ligiert. Bei weiteren 5 Fällen wurde primär eine Rekonstruktion mittels autologen Interponats durchgeführt. In weiteren 3 Fällen erfolgte die Anlage eines Obturatorbypasses (1/3) sowie die Durchführung einer Patchplastik (2/3). Die Offenheitsrate nach arterieller Rekonstruktion lag bei 87,5 % bei einem mittleren Follow-up von 421 Tagen. Die Gesamtkomplikationsrate lag bei 51,4 %.

Diskussion
Bei vaskulärer Beteiligung ist ein situationsgerechtes Vorgehen sinnvoll. Neben der Beseitigung komplizierter, septisch-venöser Thrombosen erscheint die Korrektur arterieller Blutungen mittels autologer Rekonstruktionsmaßnahmen aussichtsreich.
Solidification phenomena in creep resistant 9Cr weld metals and their implications on mechanical properties
Authors: Nitsche A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMartensitic 9% Cr steels play an important role in the implementation of modern and efficiency-enhanced power generation technologies. In the presented study, metallurgical solidification phenomena in heat-resistant 9% Cr filler metals and their effects on the mechanical properties of the weld metal were analysed. The focus was on welded joints of steel grades P91 and CB2, which were welded with flux-cored wires. The investigation of welded joints and weld metals in the creep-damaged and unloaded condition provided detailed inspects into the formation and development of inhomogeneous areas. The microstructure of the individual weld metals was characterized in detail in the as-welded and in the heat-treated condition. It became apparent that inhomogeneities were formed in large areas of the weld metal. In particular, EDX measurements made it possible to explain these solidification phenomena and trace their development within the manufacturing process of the welded joints. It was found that even a slight uneven distribution of chromium and a diffusion of carbon caused extensive negative effects on the development of weld metal microstructures. In addition, the influence of these microstructural inhomogeneities on both the mechanical weld metal properties and the creep rupture strength is discussed. Finally, test welds were performed to optimize the microstructure of the flux-cored wire weld metal and possibilities to avoid microstructural inhomogeneities were derived. The results show that the short-term and long-term properties of the weld metal are affected by the inhomogeneous areas within the weld metal. In summary, it can be assumed that for steel grades P91 and CB2 the safety of plants in high-temperature operation is not endangered.
HHV-6A Infection of Endometrial Epithelial Cells Affects miRNA Expression and Trophoblast Cell Attachment
Authors: Bortolotti Daria , Soffritti Irene , D’Accolti Maria , Gentili Valentina , Di Luca Dario , Rizzo Roberta , Caselli Elisabetta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe recently reported that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection is frequently present in endometrial tissue of women with unexplained infertility, and that virus infection induces a profound remodulation of miRNA expression in human cells of different origin. Since specific miRNA patterns have been associated with specific pregnancy outcomes, we aimed to analyze the impact of HHV-6A infection on miRNAs expression and trophoblast receptivity in human endometrial cells. To this purpose, a human endometrial cell line (HEC-1A) was infected with HHV-6A and analyzed for alterations in the expression of miRNAs and for permissiveness to the attachment of a human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cell line (JEG-3). The results showed that HHV-6A infection of endometrial cells up-modulates miR22 (26-fold), miR15 (19.5-fold), and miR196-5p (12.1 fold), that are correlated with implant failure, and down-modulates miR18 (11.4 fold), miR101-3p (4.6 fold), miR181-5p (4.9 fold), miR92 (3.3 fold), and miR1207-5p (3.9 fold), characterized by a low expression in preeclampsia. Moreover, HHV-6A-infected endometrial cells infected resulted less permissive to the attachment of trophoblast cells. In conclusion, collected data suggest that HHV-6A infection could modify miRNA expression pattern and control of trophoblast cell adhesion of endometrial cells, undermining a correct trophoblast cell attachment on endometrial cells.
Fifty-five years of Russian radio-echo sounding investigations in Antarctica
Authors: Popov Sergey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRussian (former Soviet) systematic studies of Antarctica by radio-echo sounding (RES) and ground-penetrating radar technique (GPR) were commenced in 1964. Since that time airborne RES surveys have covered about 5.5 × 106km2of the icy continent discovering remarkable geographic objects such as Subglacial Gamburtsev Mountains, and allowed studies of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Amery Ice Shelf and Lambert Glacier. Ground-based investigations during the 1990s and 2000s revealed the structure of the Lake Vostok area and surveyed along the Mirny to Vostok and Progress to Vostok traverse routes. GPR studies during the 2010s were to select the site for a new snow-runway at Mirny Station, with the resumption of the aviation after a 25 year hiatus.
Dietary B vitamin and methionine intakes and risk for colorectal cancer: a case–control study in China
Authors: Huang Chu-Yi , Abulimiti Alinuer , Zhang Xin , Feng Xiao-Li , Luo Hong , Chen Yu-Ming , Fang Yu-Jing , Zhang Cai-Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractB vitamins (including folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) and methionine are essential for methylation reactions, nucleotide synthesis, DNA stability and DNA repair. However, epidemiological evidence among Chinese populations is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate B vitamins and methionine in relation to colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. A case–control study was conducted from July 2010 to April 2019. A total of 2502 patients with colorectal cancer were recruited along with 2538 age- (5-year interval) and sex-matched controls. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess OR and 95 % CI. The intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The multivariable OR for the highest quartile v. the lowest quartile were 0·62 (95 % CI 0·51, 0·74; Ptrend < 0·001) for folate, 0·46 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·55; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B2, 0·55 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·76; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B6 and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·86; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B12. No statistically significant association was found between methionine intake and colorectal cancer risk. Stratified analysis by sex showed that the inverse associations between vitamin B12 and methionine intake and colorectal cancer risk were found only among women. This study indicated that higher intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 was associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population.
Market Exclusivity and the Right to Health in South Africa: A Primer for Tackling the Paradox
Authors: Ajibo Collins C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSouth Africa remains confronted with challenges to the realization of the right to healthcare services, shaped by both national and global dynamics. The proliferation of exclusivity regimes in intellectual property (IP) rule-making poses a threat to affordable healthcare services. Although South Africa is not a signatory to any of these enhanced IP norms, it may still be at risk through transposition, given that the current norm-setting constitutes the future direction of rule-making. These global dynamics are compounded by overly protective measures in South Africa's patent law as well as non-IP factors, particularly the prevalent weak health infrastructure. Although South Africa's IP Policy Phase I incorporates a raft of changes to address the situation, capacity constraints could thwart effective outcomes. Consequently, beyond the current patent law reform, there should be a roadmap for how to manage global IP norm-setting as well as non-IP factors, to foster universal healthcare coverage in South Africa.
Power line routing and configuration as major drivers of collision risk in two bustard species
Authors: Marques Ana Teresa , Martins Ricardo C. , Silva João Paulo , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Moreira Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCollision with power lines is a major cause of mortality for many bird species. Understanding the biotic and abiotic factors that increase collision risk is therefore important for implementing mitigation measures to minimize mortality, such as power line rerouting or wire marking. Here, we used collision events registered during 2003–2015 along 280 km of transmission power lines in southern Portugal to analyse spatio-temporal patterns and collision risk factors in two sympatric, threatened, and collision-prone species: the great bustard Otis tarda and the little bustard Tetrax tetrax. The occurrence of collisions was not uniform across space and time, and variations could be explained by the species' ecological requirements, distribution patterns and behaviour. Although both species fly considerable distances between areas of suitable habitat, collisions were far more likely in power line sections with > 20% (for the little bustard) or > 50% (for the great bustard) of open farmland habitat in the surroundings. Power line configuration was also important: taller pylons and those with a higher number of wire levels posed a higher risk for both species. Wire marking had a small but significant effect for the little bustard, reducing collisions risk. There was, however, no similar effect for the great bustard, possibly a result of limited data. Mitigation measures should be implemented to prevent bustard collisions, including adequate route planning, ideally avoiding areas with > 20% of open habitat. Line configuration and wire marking are particularly important where such localities cannot be avoided and power lines cross areas with a high proportion of bustard habitat, including outside protected areas.
Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of a novel species, Mycobacterium hubeiense sp., isolated from the sputum of a patient with secondary tuberculosis in Hubei of China
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Zheng Hui , Zhou Fang , Hu Peng , Wang Hualin , Li Na , He Juncai , Wang Peidong , Zhang Lu , Men Hongsheng , Xiang Jie , Zhang Shulin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new fast-growing mycobacterium, designated strain QGD101T, was isolated from the sputum of an 84-year-old man suspected of tuberculosis in Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Hubei, China. This strain was a gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and catalase-positive bacterium, which was further identified as the NTM by PNB and TCH tests. The moxifloxacin and levofloxacin exhibited strong suppressing function against QGD101T with MIC values of 0.06 and 0.125 µg/ml after drug susceptibility testing of six main antimicrobial agents on mycobacteria. Based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65 and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer, the strain QGD101T could not be identified to a species level. Mycobacterium moriokaense ATCC43059T that shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98%) with strain QGD101T was actually different in genomes average nucleotide identity (78.74%). In addition, the major cellular fatty acids of QGD101T were determined as C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and C18:2ω6c. The DNA G + C content was 64.9% measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Therefore, the phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of this strain led us to the conclusion that it represents a novel species of mycobacteria, for which the name Mycobacterium hubeiense sp. nov. (type strain QGD101T = CCTCCAA 2017003T = KCTC39927T) was proposed. Thus, the results of this study are very significant for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis and future personalised medicine.
Characteristics of within-household varicella transmission events associated with school outbreaks in Shanghai, China, 2009–2018
Authors: Chen Yuan-Fang , Zhou Qi , Liu Jing-Yi , Gong Rui-Jie , Mao Shu-Qian , Ye Zhuo-Jun , Wu Qiang-Song 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Transmission of varicella occurs frequently in schools and households. We investigated the characteristics of varicella cases derived from within-household transmission and the modes of varicella transmission between school and household settings in Shanghai, China, from 2009 to 2018. Within-household transmission occurred in 278 households, of which 134 transmission events were between children. Sixty-one household varicella transmission events may be attributed to isolation procedures for infected students during school outbreaks, and 7.6% of school outbreaks were caused by schoolchildren cases derived from within-household transmission. The frequency of ‘school-household-school’ transmission adds an additional layer of complexity to the control of school varicella outbreaks. Administration of varicella vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis after exposure is considered to be an effective measure to control varicella spread within households and schools.
Resolving the “Dispute” Under Article 119(1) of the Rome Statute
Authors: KUMAR Aman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe decision of the Office of the Prosecutor to seek a ruling in the “Bangladesh/Myanmar Situation” on jurisdiction under Article 19(3) of the Rome Statute was lauded for its drafting. The ICC granted the request in a very controversial judgment. This paper focuses on self-invocation and misinterpretation of Article 119(1) of the Statute (paragraph one disputes). The Court thus created and lost a unique chance to explain one of the untouched provisions of the Statute. The two paragraphs of the Article envisage different types of disputes. The Chamber was divided on the meaning of the very term “dispute”. However, what is noteworthy is that nowhere in her request had the Prosecutor accepted that there exists a dispute in this situation. In fact, the term “dispute” was not mentioned even once in her request. Why then did the Court delve into it?
Differential effects of 11 years of long-term injectable testosterone undecanoate therapy on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in hypogonadal men with normal weight, overweight and obesity in comparison with untreated controls: real-world data from a controlled registry study
Authors: Saad F. , Doros G. , Haider K. S. , Haider A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and significance
Obesity is a chronic disease, warranting long-term medical intervention. We evaluated effects of testosterone (T) therapy (Th) in men with T deficiency with normal weight, overweight and obesity on anthropometric and metabolic parameters, compared with untreated men.

Methods
Hypogonadal men (n = 823) with total T ≤ 12.1 nmol/L (age: 60.6 ± 7.0 years) participated in an ongoing registry study. Among these men 474 (57.6%) were obese, 286 (34.8%) overweight and 63 (7.7%) had normal weight. T undecanoate injections were administered to 428 men and 395 remained untreated. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured at least twice a year and changes adjusted for confounding factors to account for baseline differences between groups.

Results
Long-term TTh in hypogonadal men, irrespective of weight at baseline, produced improvements in body weight, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, TTh decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and improved lipid profiles. Gradual decreases in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse pressure occurred in men treated with T in each group. Marked reductions in mortality and major cardiovascular events were recorded in men receiving TTh.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that TTh produces reductions in weight, WC, and BMI. There were 77 (19.5%) deaths in the untreated groups and 23 (5.4%) in the T-groups. Based on these findings we suggest that long-term TTh in overweight and obese hypogonadal men produces progressive and sustained clinically meaningful weight loss and that TTh may contribute to reductions in mortality and incident major adverse cardiovascular events.