bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Zhundong subbituminous coal in aqueous Fe2+/ glacial acetic acid solution with H2O2
Authors: Chen Shuai , Zhou Wei , Zhao Guang-Bo , Gao Jihui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The improvement of the reactivity of H2O2 and Zhundong subbituminous coal (ZS) was focused on in this work. The mild oxidation of ZS was carried out under different conditions. The liquid oxidation products were analyzed using gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results suggest that Fe2+ and glacial acetic acid (GAA) have a synergistic effect on the H2O2 oxidation of ZS, which can significantly promote the conversion of ZS and the production of liquid products. In total, 40 compounds are identified, which could be categorized as 8 group components. Most of them are valued-added chemicals. Among the detected compounds, carboxylic acids (CAs) is the most abundant, accounting for 47.22% of all the group components in TRC. Moreover, according to the compounds detected by GC/MS, condensed aromatic rings are significantly abundant than aliphatic moieties in organic matter of ZS. -CH2CH2- are predominant bridged linkages connecting aromatic rings in ZS. The existing forms of organic nitrogen and sulfur species contain quinolins, pyrroles, pyrimidins, quinoxalines, enamides, oxazoles, isoquinolines, thiazols, sulfonamides in ZS.
Raspberry ketone improves diabetic nephropathy in mice by inhibiting streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Wang Xin , Chang Ying , Wang Yan , Liu Yuxin , Hu Xiyu , Sun Yucheng , Du Peng , Xu Na , Song Hui , Liu Wensen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Raspberry ketone (RK) is one of the main active substances in raspberry and has a variety of medicinal values. Nevertheless, its protective effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy mice has not been reported. In this study, we researched if RK improves oxidative stress and inflammation of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy mice.
Methods

The model of diabetic nephropathy mice was established by a single injection of STZ (130 mg/kg). Diabetic nephropathy mice were treated orally with 400 mg/kg/day raspberry ketone extract to eight weeks. The expression levels of serum creatinine (Scr), urine micro-albumin (mALB), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Renal structural changes were investigated by using animal diagnostic ultrasound system.
Results

RK obviously ameliorated as observed in the visible decrease levels of serum creatinine (Scr), urine micro-albumin (mALB). Furthermore, RK improved expression levels of antioxidant enzyme markers (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT) and obviously reduced MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory divisors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in diabetic nephropathy mice. After treatment with RK, we observed that the size of the kidneys and the damage of renal interstitial of mice were obviously improved, as well as the loss of integrity of basement membrane and the renal interstitial edema in diabetic nephropathy mice by using animal diagnostic ultrasound system.
Conclusion

This study strongly indicates that raspberry ketone provides a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in improving oxidative stress and inflammation.
125 I seeds irradiation inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis by Ki-67, P21, Survivin，Livin and Caspase-9 expression in lung carcinoma xenografts
Authors: Wang Lijun , Lin Cunzhi , Jin Qing , Zhu Xinhong , Cao Yiwei , Guo Caihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a fatal disease and a serious health problem worldwide. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, with the effectiveness of chemotherapy for such patients being very limited. Iodine 125 seed(125I) irradiation can be used as an important adjuvant treatment for lung carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of irradiation by 125I seeds in human lung cancer xenograft model and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved, with a focus on apoptosis. Methods: A group of 40 mice bearing A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n=10), sham seed (0 mCi) implant group (n=10), 125I seed (0.6 mCi) implant group (n=10) and 125I seed (0.8 mCi) implant group (n=10), respectively. The body weight and tumor volume, was recorded every four days until the end of the study. Apoptotic cells were checked with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 enzyme were tested. Expression of P21, survivin, livin, caspase-9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) was detected with immunohistochemical staining. Results: The results of TUNEL staining assays shows that 125I seed irradiation suppresses the growth of lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and induces apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was significantly higher. The expression levels Ki67, survivin and livin were substantially downregulated, while P21 and caspase-9 protein expression was significantly increased following 125I seed irradiation. This study revealed that 125I seed irradiation could significantly change apoptosis-related protein in human lung cancer xenograft. Conclusions: Overall, our study demonstrates that radiation exposure by 125I seeds has been expected as a new treatment option for lung cancer.
Preoperative Tumor Biopsy Results In More Detected Sentinel Node Than Intraoperative Biopsy In Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: yuan chenxi , wang xinzhao , liu zhaoyun , li chao , bian mengxue , shan jing , song xiang , Yu Zhi-yong , yu jinming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) acts as a vital role in the breast cancer surgery, and the identified number of sentinel nodes determines its accuracy to represent the status of axillae. There remain two tumor biopsy modes in breast cancer, preoperative and intraoperative biopsy. We compared the effect of the two different biopsies on the result of SLNB. Methods Patients with clinical stage T1-3, N0 tumor were enrolled in this study. 53% received preoperative tumor biopsy and 47% received intraoperative excisional biopsy. For search of the sentinel lymph node, patients received dual tracer injection. The number of SLNs detected and false negative rate were compared between groups. Results 204 patients were enrolled, 108 received preoperative tumor biopsy and 96 received intraoperative excisional biopsy. Among all the patients, 160 received ALND following SLNB. Preoperative tumor biopsy detected more SLNs than intraoperative biopsy (mean rank 113.87 vs. 90.9, p= 0.004). False negative rate in preoperative and intraoperative tumor biopsy was 3% and 18%, respectively. Conclusions Patients in preoperative tumor biopsy group could find more SLNs than intraoperative biopsy patients. False negative rate was also lower in preoperative biopsy group.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and chondroblastic osteosarcoma: a population-based analysis
Authors: Bian Yiying , Zeng Ziliang , Yao Hao , Zou Yutong , Tu Jian , Wang Bo , Jin Qinglin , Lv Dongming , Shen Jingnan , Xie Xianbiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDC) and chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS) have some common morphological characteristics by pathology and involve the same surgical methods and chemotherapy regimen. We explored the prognostic differences and factors of patients with DDC and COS with similar pathological features to analyze the prognostic factors and effect of chemotherapy on the prognosis of each type.
Methods

From the SEER database, we included 228 patients with DDC and 631 patients with COS who underwent surgery from 1975 to 2016. Patient age was stratified with X-tile, and prognosis was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression.
Results

The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for DDC were 33.3% and 26.5%, respectively, and the 3- and 5-year OS rates for COS were 71.5% and 63.8%, respectively. Compared with COS, DDC had an older onset age, a higher proportion of white patients, an increased likelihood of occurrence in soft tissue, a higher pathological grade, a larger tumor volume, more patients with M1-stage, a higher AJCC stage and a lower chemotherapy utilization rate. Univariate analysis showed that age, M1 stage and high tumor stage were negatively correlated with DDC patient prognosis, with a worse prognosis for patients with lung metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, higher tumor stage was an independent factor for reducing OS in DDC. Univariate analysis showed that COS patients were older and male; had tumors located in the pelvis; had high T-, M-, and AJCC-stage tumors; and had lung metastasis. Moreover, no chemotherapy was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Furthermore, age, male sex and high tumor stage were independent factors for reducing OS in COS.
Conclusion

The OS of DDC patients is worse than that of COS patients. Chemotherapy cannot benefit patients with DDC. For COS patients, further exploration of the survival benefits of chemotherapy is needed.
TNF-α secreted by myeloid cells in ascites regulate colorectal cancer
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuki , Munakata Shinya , Ishihara Haruna , Ueyama Takae , Honjo Kumpei , Sugimoto Kiichi , Tomiki Yuichi , Sakamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

CD14 + macrophages within a tumor or in peripheral blood are cytotoxic to during the early stages but support cancer cell proliferation in the late stages. We investigated the role of inflammatory cells in ascites in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
Methods

We prospectively enrolled 18 consecutive CRC patients who required surgery and 5 patients (healthy donors) requiring inguinal hernia surgery. Inflammatory cells in the peritoneal fluid were enumerated using FACS. Demographic and clinical characteristic such as age, gender, peritoneal inflammatory CD14+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19 + cells in ascites were compared between the two groups. The M1 (TNF-α iNOS CCR2) and M2 (ARG1 IL-10 TGF- β) characteristics of macrophages in ascites in cancer patients and those from the peripheral blood (PB) of healthy donors were investigated. HCT116 cells (colon cancer) were co-cultured with CD14 + from ascites and PB of CRC patients and with CD14 + macrophages from healthy donors.
Results

There were no significant differences in CD14 + cell numbers (mean, 5.5 vs. 10.1%) in the peritoneal fluid of the two groups, but TNF-α levels in CRC ascites macrophages were significantly higher than those from PB of healthy donors (p < 0.01). CD14 + cells from ascites of CRC patients better suppressed cancer cell proliferation (p < 0.01), but cancer cell proliferation persisted in the presence of TNF-α antibodies (p < 0.01).
Conclusions

Myeloid-derived CD14 + cells in the environment of ascites can infiltrate it in CRC patients, they appear to be M1 macrophages, and secreted TNF-α can suppress the growth of CRC cells.
Effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells on induction of axonal sprouting in cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal pathways in an animal model of cortical ablation.
Authors: Sampaio Maria de Fatima dos Santos , Guimarães Arthur Giraldi , Lourenço Camila da Silva , Pereira Messias Gonzaga , Coimbra Norberto Cysne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many therapies have been proposed in order to investigate the mechanisms of neural repair associated with neurological diseases, including BMMC (bone marrow mononuclear cells) transplantation. However, studies show that some brain injuries are less responsive to neural repair, such as, for example, cortical ablation. On the other hand, models of cortical ablation have shown functional recovery after BMMC transplantation. Thus, it is relevant to expand knowledge about BMMC, also, in the induction of neuroplasticity, in this model, considering treating a promising event for the rehabilitation of neurological diseases. Using the experimental model of cortical ablation of the sensorimotor cortex, which is known to be poorly responsive to neuroplasticity, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BMMC on axonal sprouting induction in cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal projections. An anterograde neurotracer was used to evaluate the distribution of axonal fibers. Quantitative analyzes were performed and the results showed that BMMC were not able to significantly induce axonal sprouting in the evaluated areas. Our results reinforced the idea that cortical ablation may be less responsive to neuplasticity and the beneficial effects of BMMC therapy depend on the particularities of a neural microenvironment intrinsic to a given lesion.
Process integration models for emerging challenges: Optimal allocation of antivirals under resource constraints
Authors: Sy Charlle , Aviso Kathleen , Cayamanda Christina , Chiu Anthony , Lucas Rochelle , Promentilla Michael , Razon Luis , Tan Raymond , Tapia John Frederick , Torneo Ador , Ubando Aristotle , Yu Derrick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The global scientific community has intensified efforts to develop, test, and commercialize pharmaceutical products to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Trials for both antivirals and vaccines are in progress; candidates include existing repurposed drugs that were originally developed for other ailments. Once these products are shown to be effective, their production will need to be ramped up rapidly to keep pace with the growing demand as the pandemic progresses. It is highly likely that the drugs will be in short supply in the interim, which leaves policy makers and medical personnel with the difficult task of determining how to allocate them. Under such conditions, mathematical models can provide valuable decision support. In particular, useful models can be derived from process integration (PI) techniques that deal with tight resource constraints. In this paper, a linear programming (LP) model is developed to determine the allocation of COVID-19 drugs that minimizes patient mortality, taking into account additional hospital capacity constraints. Two hypothetical case studies are solved to illustrate the computational capability of the model, which can generate an allocation plan with outcomes that are superior to simple ad hoc allocation.
Artificial intelligence-based CT metrics in relation with clinical outcome of COVID-19 in young and middle-aged adults
Authors: Zeng Sihui , Liu Weihong , Yu Xudong , Li Yanli , Gao Jiao , Li Jiawei , Li Hanhui , Mao Liang , Xie Chuanmiao , Liang Jianye 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purposes: Currently, most researchers mainly analyzed COVID-19 pneumonia visually or qualitatively, probably somewhat time-consuming and not precise enough. This study aimed to excavate more information, such as differences in distribution, density, and severity of pneumonia lesions between males and females in a specific age group using artificial intelligence (AI)-based CT metrics. Besides, these metrics were incorporated into a clinical regression model to predict the short-term outcome.Methods: The clinical, laboratory information and a series of HRCT images from 49 patients, aged from 20 to 50 years and confirmed with COVID-19, were collected. The volumes and percentages of infection (POI) among bilateral lungs and each bronchopulmonary segment were extracted using uAI-Discover-NCP software (version R001). The POI in three HU ranges, (i.e. <-300, -300~49 and ≥50 HU representing ground-glass opacity (GGO), mixed opacity and consolidation), were also extracted. Hospital stay was predicted with several POIs after adjusting days from illness onset to admission, leucocytes, lymphocytes, c-reactive protein, age and gender using a multiple linear regression model.Results: Right lower lobes had the highest POI, followed by left lower lobes, right upper lobes, middle lobes and left upper lobes. The distributions in lung lobes and segments were different between the sexes. Men had a higher total POI and GGO of the lungs, but less consolidation than women in initial CT (all p<0.05). The total POI, percentage of consolidation on initial CT and changed POI were positively correlated with hospital stay in the model.Conclusion: Both men and women had characteristic distributions in lung lobes and bronchopulmonary segments. AI-based CT quantitative metrics can provide more precise information regarding lesion distribution and severity to predict clinical outcome.
Incidence of Cardiac Injury and Associated Poor Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zou Fengwei , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing number of studies have indicated a link between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute cardiac injury. However, there is currently no consensus on the incidence of cardiac injury and its associated prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies that evaluated cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Demographic information, co-morbidities, and relevant laboratory values were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed.Results: Ten studies with 1637 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall incidence of cardiac injury was 23.2% (380/1637) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The incidence was higher (58.5%) in patients who were critically ill, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or died. The composite mortality rate of patients with cardiac injury was 75.1% (251/334). Cardiac injury was significantly associated with increased mortality (OR=21.71, 95% CI 9.16-51.46) in those patients. When combining death with ICU admission and patients who were critically ill, patients with cardiac injury was again strongly associated with worse outcomes (OR=22.18, 95% CI 11.68-42.10). In subgroup analyses, hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were older and had history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and diabetes were associated with increased risk of developing cardiac injury. Conclusion: Cardiac injury is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and is significantly associated with poor outcomes. Patients who are older and have hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are prone to develop cardiac injury. When appropriate, early screening, triage and cardiac monitoring are needed for these patients.
What is the normal range of obstetric shock index in the immediate postpartum period in a low resource setting?
Authors: Nwafor Johnbosco Ifunanya , Obi Chuka Nobert , Onuorah Olisah Elvis , Onwe Blessing Idzuinya , Ibo Chukwunenye Chukwu , Onuchukwu Victor Uchenna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
AbstractObjective: To determine the normal range of shock index (SI), blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) among postpartum women and to compare shock index with the normal range in the current literature.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study evaluating vital signs collected at one hour of delivery in women with normal blood loss delivered in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Results: The median (95% reference range) was 120 (100 - 155.8) for systolic BP, 70 (60 - 94) for diastolic BP, 90 (66.5 - 116.6) for MAP, 82 (65 - 102) for HR, and 0.69 (0.48 - 0.89) for SI. The upper limit of SI of 0.89 in this study did support the current literature suggesting a threshold of 0.9 as upper limit of normal. However, the lower limit of SI of 0.48 in this study corresponds to the lower limit of 0.5 for non-obstetric population. Over half (56%) of the study cohorts maintained shock index values within the normal range (0.5 - 0.7) for non-obstetric population. Conclusion: Although haemodynamic changes of pregnancy widens the range of shock index in obstetric population, 56% of the participants maintained normal shock index within the reference range for non-obstetric population. We recommend that the normal obstetric shock index range of 0.7 - 0.9 in current literature be changed to 0.5 - 0.9 to accommodate this lower threshold.
A Survey Analysis of Psychological Impact on Chinese during Quarantine against COVID-19
Authors: Qiao Chun Hong , Wang Li Zhong , Lin Jin Ran , Yao Xiao Tian , Chen Gang , Yao Yin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Few studies have investigated the psychological impact throughout a major epidemic, such as COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological state of individuals experienced quarantine and to provide evidence to reduce the impact of quarantine after COVID-19.Methods: A questionnaire-based survey conducted by using an internet site using 631 individuals who lived in China in the year 2020. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for the data analysis.Results: Approximately 9.97% of the study participants reported that they did not feel good about his or her health condition. Approximately 50.16% of participants had experienced various levels of anxious and nervous feelings. Approximately 5.91% of participants reported anxious or nervous feelings almost every day. By using the spearman rank correlation analysis, we observed that anxious and nervous feelings appeared to be correlated with the frequency of receiving negative news, current health situation and time spent on receiving information related to COVID-19.Conclusion: A long-term quarantine is likely to have some level of impact on health conditions among relatively healthy individuals. The survey study may suggest that government and hospital workers should pay close attention to the psychological change experienced by quarantined individuals.
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the root zone of hop cultivars planted in a Florida field soil
Authors: Watson Tristan T. , Suarez Marco , Deng Zhanao , Desaeger Johan A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In early 2016, hop plants were introduced into Florida. By late 2016, the hop plants were showing stunted growth and were heavily parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica. In this study, we determined host susceptibility of 14 hop cultivars to M. javanica in a greenhouse experiment and monitored population development of plant-parasitic nematode species in the root zone of 17 hop cultivars planted in three newly established hop yards in Florida. Plant-parasitic nematodes in the rooting zone soil of field grown hop plants included M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Paratrichodorus minor, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Xiphinema setariae/vulgare complex, Mesocriconema xenoplax, and Helicotylenchus dihystera; however, soil population densities of P. minor, B. longicaudatus, X. setariae/vulgare complex, M. xenoplax, and H. dihystera remained low through the study. Root galling, M. javanica egg production, and soil population densities of M. javanica were consistently large on the ‘Canadian Red Vine’, ‘Centennial’, ‘Chinook’, and ‘Comet’ cultivars, and small on the ‘Galena’ and ‘Triple Perle’ cultivars. No differences were observed in soil population densities of P. brachyurus among hop cultivars. Overall, our study provides the first report of plant-parasitic nematode population development in the root zone on hop cultivars planted in Florida.