bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land‐use intensification promotes non‐native species in a tropical island bird assemblage
Authors: Soares F. C. , Panisi M. , Sampaio H. , Soares E. , Santana A. , Buchanan G. M. , Leal A. I. , Palmeirim J. M. , de Lima R. F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHabitat loss and non‐native species are two key drivers of biodiversity decline. The importance of their interactions is widely recognized, but remains poorly understood. We used the endemic‐rich bird assemblage of São Tomé Island to study this type of interactions. We built species‐specific binomial generalized linear models for 33 terrestrial bird species, based on presence–absence data from 2398 sampling points. Meta‐analysis techniques revealed that land use was more important in explaining distribution than topographic variables, rainfall, or distance to coast for the studied bird species. Native species were more likely to occur in remote rainy forests at higher altitudes, whereas non‐native species were more likely to occur in non‐forested ecosystems, being associated with humanized lowland areas in the drier flat regions of São Tomé. The susceptibility of anthropogenic ecosystems to the establishment of non‐native birds suggests that disturbance favours these species. An analysis of species feeding guilds further suggests that these habitat associations might be linked to resource availability, as a large proportion of non‐native species rely on seeds, which are clearly more available outside the best‐preserved forests. Contrarily, very few native birds seem to be using this resource, and instead rely on more complex ecological interaction, such as carnivory and frugivory. This difference may reduce the chance of negative interactions between native and non‐native species (e.g. competition), but this should not be misunderstood for a lack of negative effects of the latter. Our results indicate that land‐use intensification is the key driver of biodiversity changes on São Tomé, potentially facilitating the expansion of non‐native species and demoting ecological complexity. Therefore, protecting the best‐preserved forests is the single most important measure to ensure the conservation of native species.
Five myths about unacceptable behaviour in surgical education
Authors: Liang Rhea , Anthony Adrian , Leditschke I. Anne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent evidence of the occurrence of discrimination, bullying and sexual harassment in surgery and more generally within healthcare has led to widespread discussion about the effects of unacceptable behaviour in surgical education and practice. Despite accumulating evidence of the adverse effects of unacceptable behaviour in clinical practice, not only on health care professionals but on patient care and outcomes, many surgeons and other health care professionals continue to embrace false perceptions about appropriate professional behaviour, interactions and approaches to teaching within surgical departments and more generally within healthcare institutions. This article explores five misperceptions about unacceptable behaviour in surgical education and provides evidence that supports a change in practice.
Quality of clinical direct oral anticoagulant prescribing and identification of risk factors for inappropriate prescriptions
Authors: Zhang Zhu Xian , van de Garde Ewoudt M. W. , Söhne Maaike , Harmsze Ankie M. , van den Broek Marcel P. H. 
Published: February 2020

AimsEven though the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is safe based on clinical outcomes, drug safety also depends on appropriateness of drug prescription, which is challenging for DOACs since many patient factors need to be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of DOAC prescriptions and to identify risk factors of determinants for inappropriate DOAC prescriptions.MethodsA retrospective study in a nonuniversity teaching hospital was performed of hospitalized patients (≥18 years) who received an initial DOAC prescription between February and August 2018. Appropriateness of prescribing was evaluated on 8 criteria by using a modified version of the medication appropriateness index.ResultsA total of 770 initial DOAC prescriptions of inpatients were evaluated: 267 patients (34.6%) had at least met 1 inappropriate criterion for a DOAC prescription. The most frequent inappropriate criterion was dosage (17.4%). Of the 4 DOACs, dabigatran (21.6%) and apixaban (21.2%) were mostly inappropriate dosed. In a multivariable analysis, reduced renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min; odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; P < .001), a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.87; P = .004), and ‘prescribed by surgeons' (OR = 1.9; P = .013) were independently associated with inappropriateness of prescribing.ConclusionThis study has highlighted a high degree of inappropriate prescribing of DOACs. These results underline the need for targeted interventions to improve DOAC prescribing.
Cause‐specific mortality in individuals with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinaemia, 2000–2016
Authors: Dalal Nicole H. , Dores Graça M. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Linet Martha S. , Morton Lindsay M. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryData on cause‐specific mortality after lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) are lacking. We identified causes of death amongst 7289 adults diagnosed with incident first primary LPL (n = 3108) or WM (n = 4181) during 2000–2016 in 17 USA population‐based cancer registries. Based on 3132 deaths, 16‐year cumulative mortality was 23·2% for lymphomas, 8·4% for non‐lymphoma cancers and 14·7% for non‐cancer causes for patients aged <65 years at diagnosis of LPL/WM, versus 33·4%, 11·2% and 48·7%, respectively, for those aged ≥75 years. Compared with the general population, patients with LPL/WM had a 20% higher risk of death due to non‐cancer causes (n = 1341 deaths, standardised mortality ratio [SMR] 1·2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·1–1·2), most commonly from infectious (n = 188; SMR 1·8, 95% CI 1·6–2·1), respiratory (n = 143; SMR 1·2, 95% CI 1·0–1·4), and digestive (n = 80; SMR 1·8, 95% CI 1·4–2·2) diseases, but no excess mortality from cardiovascular diseases (n = 477, SMR 1·1, 95% CI 1·0–1·1). Risks were highest for non‐cancer causes within 1 year of diagnosis (n = 239; SMR<1year 1·3, 95% CI 1·2–1·5), declining thereafter (n = 522; SMR≥5years 1·1, 95% CI 1·1–1·2). Myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia deaths were notably increased (n = 46; SMR 4·4, 95% CI 3·2–5·9), whereas solid neoplasm deaths were only elevated among ≥5‐year survivors (n = 145; SMR≥5years 1·3, 95% CI 1·1–1·5). This work identifies new areas for optimising care and reducing mortality for patients with LPL/WM.
The identification and psychological treatment of panic disorder in adolescents: a survey of CAMHS clinicians
Authors: Baker Holly J. , Waite Polly 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPanic disorder is experienced by around 1% of adolescents and has a significant impact on social and academic functioning. Preliminary evidence supports the effectiveness of panic disorder‐specific treatment in adolescents with panic disorder; however, panic disorder may be overlooked in adolescents due to overlapping symptoms with other anxiety disorders and other difficulties being more noticeable to others. The aim of this study was to establish what training National Health Service (NHS) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) clinicians have received in psychological therapies and panic disorder and how they identify and treat panic disorder in adolescents.MethodCAMHS clinicians from a range of professions (n = 427), who were delivering psychological treatments to children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, participated. They completed a cross‐sectional, online survey, including a vignette describing an adolescent with panic disorder, and were asked to identify the main diagnosis or presenting problem.ResultsLess than half the clinicians (48.6%) identified panic disorder or panic symptoms as the main presenting problem from the vignette. The majority of clinicians suggested CBT would be their treatment approach. However, few identified an evidence‐based treatment protocol for working with young people with panic disorder. Almost half the sample had received no training in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), and around a fifth had received no training in delivering psychological treatments.ConclusionsOnly half of CAMHS clinicians identified panic disorder from a vignette and although CBT treatments are widely offered, only a minority of adolescents with panic disorder are receiving treatments developed for and evaluated with young people with panic disorder. There is a vital need for clinician training, the use of tools that aid identification and the implementation of evidence‐based treatments within CAMHS.Key Practitioner Message

Panic disorder affects around 1% of adolescents, adversely impacting social, academic and long‐term life functioning.

There is preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a panic disorder‐specific treatment of panic disorder in adolescents.

Clinicians struggle to identify panic disorder or suitable treatment protocols for treating adolescents, although most would use CBT as the treatment approach.

There is a vital need for clinician training, tools that aid identification of young people with panic disorder and evidence‐based treatments that can be delivered in routine clinical settings.
Exploring nationality and social identity to explain attitudes toward conservation actions in the United States and Australia
Authors: van Eeden Lily M. , Slagle Kristina , Newsome Thomas M. , Crowther Mathew S. , Dickman Christopher R. , Bruskotter Jeremy T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding human attitudes toward wildlife management is critical to implementing effective conservation action and policy. Understanding the factors that shape public attitudes toward different wildlife management actions is limited, however, which can result in unpredictable public responses to interventions. We drew on comparisons between residents of 2 countries on separate continents to explore differences in attitudes toward wildlife management and determine factors important in shaping these attitudes. We surveyed representative publics via market research panels in Australia (n = 881 respondents) and the United States (n = 1287). We applied a social‐identity approach and demography to identify factors that explained variance between responses about wildlife management. We compared responses between countries overall and within subgroups of respondents who strongly identified as environmentalists, animal rights activists, wildlife conservation advocates, and farmers. We created aggregate scores for the management‐related response items per respondent and used regression analyses to identify the relative importance of country, identity, age, and gender in explaining variance between responses. These factors accounted for 15.3% of variance among responses. Australians overall were generally more accepting of lethal wildlife management actions than U.S. respondents. Differences in national attitudes reflected differences between United States and Australian wildlife management and policy, highlighting the importance of understanding social attitudes in shaping conservation policy. Identifying as a farmer followed by identifying as an animal rights activist most shaped attitudes toward wildlife management. Identity‐related conflicts could be initiated or exacerbated by conservation interventions that fail to consider identity‐related processes.
Influence of resting before sonographic examination on Doppler measurements of renal blood flow
Authors: Shibasaki Shohei , Kishino Tomonori , Fujiwara Yukako , Suzuki Yuka , Harashima Keiichiro , Nakajima Satoshi , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRenal artery stenosis (RAS) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, via increases in plasma renin–angiotensin–aldosterone levels. Renal artery stenosis is diagnosed from blood examinations such as renin activity and from imaging examinations such as sonography. Patients are required to lie on the bed for 30 min before and during phlebotomy, since plasma renin activity is easily altered by posture. However, no such pre‐examination rest is required for sonography. The present study therefore investigated the possible influence of resting before examination on Doppler parameters used for the diagnosis of RAS. Subjects comprised 55 healthy young adults (24 males, 31 females; mean age, 22 ± 1 years). Sonographic measurements were made shortly after subjects entered the examination room and again after 30 min of rest lying on a bed. Median peak systolic velocity in the renal artery was significantly decreased after rest (106 cm/s, interquartile range (IQR) 96–121 cm/s) compared with before rest (120 cm/s, IQR 107–135 cm/s; p < .001). Median acceleration time in the intra‐renal segmental artery was also significantly shorter after rest (49 ms, IQR 38–54 ms) compared to before rest (50 ms, IQR 38–59 ms; p = .039). The present results suggest that serious consideration should be given regarding whether pre‐examination resting is needed to accurately interpret Doppler measurements of renal blood flow when diagnosing RAS from sonography.
Volumetrics and fit assessments for donor to recipient size matching in pediatric heart transplantation: Is it time for a new paradigm?
Authors: Ploutz Michelle S. , Plasencia Jonathan D. , Mirea Lucia , Pophal Stephen G. , Velez Daniel A. , Zangwill Steven D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPediatric heart transplant patients face the highest waitlist mortality in solid organ transplantation. Given the relatively fixed number of donor organs becoming available each year, improving donor organ utilization could potentially have significant impact on reducing waitlist mortality. Donor to recipient weight ratio has historically been used to identify suitable donors; however, this method does not take into account the potential for significant variance in heart size due to complex congenital heart disease or underlying cardiomyopathy. We believe, based on our experience to date, that donor matching based upon weight ratios should be augmented by improved methodologies that provide a more accurate assessment of heart volumes. Herein we describe the rationale for these methodologies and our single‐center experience using volumetrics as an alternative for donor fit assessments.
Multi‐actor Initiatives after Rana Plaza: Factory Managers’ Views
Authors: Rahman Shahidur , Rahman Kazi Mahmudur 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe Rana Plaza factory disaster in April 2013, which resulted in the death of a large number of factory workers and injured many more in Bangladesh's ready‐made garment industry, highlighted the sustained failure of the government of Bangladesh to address safety in the workplace. In the wake of the tragedy two significant transnational governance initiatives emerged — the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (hereafter the Accord) and the Alliance for Bangladesh Workers’ Safety (hereafter the Alliance). For the first time, different key stakeholders worked together to address fire, electrical and structural safety of factory buildings. This study analyses the perceptions of factory managers in Bangladesh regarding the Accord and Alliance agreements. The article argues that although there have been significant breakthroughs in terms of developing a culture of safety adhered to by the government and entrepreneurs, the suppliers have encountered difficulties in implementing these initiatives. The limited support from buyers has posed a major challenge for the sustainability of these two multi‐stakeholder agreements.
Incidence of lower extremity amputations among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the United States from 2010 to 2014
Authors: Déruaz‐Luyet Anouk , Raabe Christina , Garry Elizabeth M. , Brodovicz Kimberly G. , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the incidence of lower extremity amputation (LEA) among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with those without diabetes using US commercial claims and to assess the presence of key co‐morbidities and precipitating factors at the time of the LEA.MethodsCohorts were defined via IBM MarketScan research databases for beneficiaries with T1D and T2D during 2010‐2014. For each T1D and T2D patient, one patient without a prior diabetic claim matched on calendar time, sex and age, was randomly selected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAmong the matched cohorts of 120 129 T1D patients and 1.7 million T2D patients, the incidence of LEA was higher among patients with T1D than patients with T2D, with the most frequent cases being minor LEAs (4.85 and 1.53 per 1000 patient years [PY], respectively), largely toe amputations (4.49 and 1.43 per 1000 PY, respectively). Compared with non‐diabetic patients matched on age, sex and calendar time, T1D and T2D patients had more co‐morbidities and a higher incidence of LEA (6.02 vs. 0.14 per 1000 PY; aHR, 22.47 [16.42‐30.73] and 1.90 vs. 0.23 per 1000 PY; aHR, 4.64 [4.32‐4.98]).ConclusionsOur data showed a higher incidence of LEA, especially minor LEA, in patients with T1D and T2D compared with those without diabetes, with a greater risk among patients with T1D than patients with T2D. Accounting for known and measurable risk factors for LEA reduced the relative hazard by nearly 50%; the majority of LEA cases were minor LEAs and toe amputations.
Humic and fulvic acids against boxwood blight disease caused byCalonectria pseudonaviculata
Authors: Samavat Samaneh , Samavat Saeed , Wyka Stephen A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe most recent outbreaks of boxwood blight caused byCalonectria pseudonaviculata, in Hyrcanian forests of Iran, have sparked the need for research to identify eco‐friendly fungicides for management purposes. Our study was conducted to test the efficacy of humic substances againstC. pseudonaviculataunder both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) extracted from tea waste compost (HAT & FAT), sawdust compost (HAW & FAW) and manure compost (HAM & FAM) were tested against hyphal growth and conidial germination ofC. pseudonaviculata. In addition, EC50and MIC50were determined for all humic substances tested. While none of the substances caused complete inhibition of the fungus, they showed a range of antifungal activities. Based on the high inhibitory efficacy and low related EC50and MIC50, HAT and FAT provided the highest efficacy against the pathogen. In the greenhouse, curative and protective effects of the humic treatments at 2,000 mg/L were also investigated against disease severity. Of the substances tested, FAW and FAM showed the weakest antifungal effects and HAT had the greatest curative and protective effects. These results indicate that HAT application can be used as an eco‐friendly control method for boxwood blight epidemics in the disease hotspots of Hyrcanian forests.
Electrophysiological responses to regularity show specificity to global form: The case of Glass patterns
Authors: Rampone Giulia , Makin Alexis D. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe holographic weight of evidence model (van der Helm & Leeuwenberg, J Math Psychol, 35, 1991, 151; van der Helm & Leeuwenberg, Psychol Rev, 103, 1996, 429) estimates that the perceptual goodness of moiré structures (Glass patterns), irrespective of their global form, is comparable to that of reflection symmetry. However, both behavioural and neuroscience evidences suggest that certain Glass forms (i.e. circular and radial structures) are perceptually more salient than others (i.e. translation structures) and may recruit different perceptual mechanisms. In this study, we tested whether brain responses for circular, radial and translation Glass patterns are comparable to the response for onefold bilateral reflection symmetry. We recorded an event‐related potential (ERP), called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN), which has been shown to index perceptual goodness of a range of regularities. We found that circular and radial Glass patterns generated a comparable SPN amplitude to onefold reflection symmetry (in line with the prediction of the holographic model), starting approx. 180 ms after stimulus onset. Conversely, the SPN response to translation Glass patterns had a longer latency (approx. 400 ms). These results show that Glass patterns are a special case of visual regularity, and perceptual goodness may not be fully explained by the holographic identities that constitute it. Specialised processing mechanisms might exist in the regularity‐sensitive extrastriate areas, which are tuned to global form configurations.
Recent advances in the understanding of the aetiology and therapeutic strategies in burning mouth syndrome: Focus on the actions of cannabinoids
Authors: Pereira Sónia R. , Tello Velasquez Johana , Duggan Sarah , Ivanisevic Bojana , McKenna Joseph P. , McCreary Christine , Downer Eric J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a neuropathic pain disorder associated with a burning sensation on oral mucosal surfaces with frequently reported xerostomia, dysgeusia and tingling or paraesthetic sensations. However, patients present no clinically evident causative lesions. The poor classification of the disorder has resulted in a diagnostic challenge, particularly for the clinician/dentist evaluating these individuals. Major research developments have been made in the BMS field in recent years to address this concern, principally in terms of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disorder, in addition to therapeutic advancements. For the purpose of this review, an update on the pathophysiological mechanisms will be discussed from a neuropathic, immunological, hormonal and psychological perspective. This review will also focus on the many therapeutic strategies that have been explored for BMS, including antidepressants/antipsychotics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatories, hormone replacement therapies, phytotherapeutic compounds and non‐pharmacological interventions, overall highlighting the lack of controlled clinical studies to support the effectiveness of such therapeutic avenues. Particular focus is given to the cannabinoid system and the potential of cannabis‐based therapeutics in managing BMS patients.