bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the rotational velocity of Sirius A
Authors: Takeda Yoichi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
With an aim of getting information on the equatorial rotation velocity (ve) of Sirius A separated from the inclination effect (sin i), a detailed profile analysis based on the Fourier transform technique was carried out for a large number of spectral lines, while explicitly taking into account the line-by-line differences in the centre–limb behaviours and the gravity darkening effect (which depend on the physical properties of each line) based on model calculations. The simulations showed that how the first-zero frequencies (q1) of Fourier transform amplitudes depends on ve is essentially determined by the temperature-sensitivity parameter (K) differing from line to line, and that Fe i lines (especially those of very weak ones) are more sensitive to ve than Fe ii lines. The following conclusions were drawn by comparing the theoretical and observed q1 values for many Fe i and Fe ii lines: (1) The projected rotational velocity (vesin i) for Sirius A is fairly well established at 16.3(±0.1) km s−1 by requiring that both Fe i and Fe ii lines yield consistent results. (2) Although precise separation of ve and i is difficult, ve is concluded to be in the range of $16 \le v_{\rm e} \lesssim$ 30–40 km s−1, which corresponds to $25^{\circ } \lesssim i \le 90^{\circ }$. Accordingly, Sirius A is an intrinsically slow rotator for an A-type star, being consistent with its surface chemical peculiarity.
Observations of [OI]63 μm line emission in main-sequence galaxies at z ∼ 1.5
Authors: Wagg J , Aravena M , Brisbin D , Valtchanov I , Carilli C , Daddi E , Dannerbauer H , Decarli R , Díaz-Santos T , Riechers D , Sargent M , Walter F 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present Herschel–PACS spectroscopy of four main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. We detect [OI]63 μm line emission in BzK-21000 at z = 1.5213, and measure a line luminosity, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m} = (3.9\pm 0.7)\times 10^9$ L⊙. Our PDR modelling of the interstellar medium in BzK-21000 suggests a UV radiation field strength, G ∼ 320G0, and gas density, n ∼ 1800 cm−3, consistent with previous LVG modelling of the molecular CO line excitation. The other three targets in our sample are individually undetected in these data, and we perform a spectral stacking analysis which yields a detection of their average emission and an [O i]63 μm line luminosity, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m} = (1.1\pm 0.2)\times 10^9$ L⊙. We find that the implied luminosity ratio, $L_{\rm [O\, {\small I}]63\, \mu m}/L_{\rm IR}$, of the undetected BzK-selected star-forming galaxies broadly agrees with that of low-redshift star-forming galaxies, while BzK-21000 has a similar ratio to that of a dusty star-forming galaxy at z ∼ 6. The high [O i]63 μm line luminosities observed in BzK-21000 and the z ∼ 1−3 dusty and sub-mm luminous star-forming galaxies may be associated with extended reservoirs of low density, cool neutral gas.
A hand-off of DNA between archaeal polymerases allows high-fidelity replication to resume at a discrete intermediate three bases past 8-oxoguanine
Authors: Cranford Matthew T , Kaszubowski Joseph D , Trakselis Michael A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During DNA replication, the presence of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions in the template strand cause the high-fidelity (HiFi) DNA polymerase (Pol) to stall. An early response to 8-oxoG lesions involves ‘on-the-fly’ translesion synthesis (TLS), in which a specialized TLS Pol is recruited and replaces the stalled HiFi Pol for lesion bypass. The length of TLS must be long enough for effective bypass, but it must also be regulated to minimize replication errors by the TLS Pol. The exact position where the TLS Pol ends and the HiFi Pol resumes (i.e. the length of the TLS patch) has not been described. We use steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic assays to characterize lesion bypass intermediates formed by different archaeal polymerase holoenzyme complexes that include PCNA123 and RFC. After bypass of 8-oxoG by TLS PolY, products accumulate at the template position three base pairs beyond the lesion. PolY is catalytically poor for subsequent extension from this +3 position beyond 8-oxoG, but this inefficiency is overcome by rapid extension of HiFi PolB1. The reciprocation of Pol activities at this intermediate indicates a defined position where TLS Pol extension is limited and where the DNA substrate is handed back to the HiFi Pol after bypass of 8-oxoG.
Structural and functional insights into Archaeoglobus fulgidus m2G10 tRNA methyltransferase Trm11 and its Trm112 activator
Authors: Wang Can , van Tran Nhan , Jactel Vincent , Guérineau Vincent , Graille Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstracttRNAs play a central role during the translation process and are heavily post-transcriptionally modified to ensure optimal and faithful mRNA decoding. These epitranscriptomics marks are added by largely conserved proteins and defects in the function of some of these enzymes are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. Here, we focus on the Trm11 enzyme, which forms N2-methylguanosine (m2G) at position 10 of several tRNAs in both archaea and eukaryotes. While eukaryotic Trm11 enzyme is only active as a complex with Trm112, an allosteric activator of methyltransferases modifying factors (RNAs and proteins) involved in mRNA translation, former studies have shown that some archaeal Trm11 proteins are active on their own. As these studies were performed on Trm11 enzymes originating from archaeal organisms lacking TRM112 gene, we have characterized Trm11 (AfTrm11) from the Archaeoglobus fulgidus archaeon, which genome encodes for a Trm112 protein (AfTrm112). We show that AfTrm11 interacts directly with AfTrm112 similarly to eukaryotic enzymes and that although AfTrm11 is active as a single protein, its enzymatic activity is strongly enhanced by AfTrm112. We finally describe the first crystal structures of the AfTrm11-Trm112 complex and of Trm11, alone or bound to the methyltransferase inhibitor sinefungin.
Open Targets Genetics: systematic identification of trait-associated genes using large-scale genetics and functional genomics
Authors: Ghoussaini Maya , Mountjoy Edward , Carmona Miguel , Peat Gareth , Schmidt Ellen M , Hercules Andrew , Fumis Luca , Miranda Alfredo , Carvalho-Silva Denise , Buniello Annalisa , Burdett Tony , Hayhurst James , Baker Jarrod , Ferrer Javier , Gonzalez-Uriarte Asier , Jupp Simon , Karim Mohd Anisul , Koscielny Gautier , Machlitt-Northen Sandra , Malangone Cinzia , Pendlington Zoe May , Roncaglia Paola , Suveges Daniel , Wright Daniel , Vrousgou Olga , Papa Eliseo , Parkinson Helen , MacArthur Jacqueline A L , Todd John A , Barrett Jeffrey C , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Hulcoop David G , Ochoa David , McDonagh Ellen M , Dunham Ian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Open Targets Genetics (https://genetics.opentargets.org) is an open-access integrative resource that aggregates human GWAS and functional genomics data including gene expression, protein abundance, chromatin interaction and conformation data from a wide range of cell types and tissues to make robust connections between GWAS-associated loci, variants and likely causal genes. This enables systematic identification and prioritisation of likely causal variants and genes across all published trait-associated loci. In this paper, we describe the public resources we aggregate, the technology and analyses we use, and the functionality that the portal offers. Open Targets Genetics can be searched by variant, gene or study/phenotype. It offers tools that enable users to prioritise causal variants and genes at disease-associated loci and access systematic cross-disease and disease-molecular trait colocalization analysis across 92 cell types and tissues including the eQTL Catalogue. Data visualizations such as Manhattan-like plots, regional plots, credible sets overlap between studies and PheWAS plots enable users to explore GWAS signals in depth. The integrated data is made available through the web portal, for bulk download and via a GraphQL API, and the software is open source. Applications of this integrated data include identification of novel targets for drug discovery and drug repurposing.
Media Coverage of Economic Inequality
Authors: Rieder Maria , Silke Henry , Theine Hendrik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 at first introduces the design of the empirical study (research agenda, approach, and methods adopted) of newspaper coverage of economic inequality in four countries. It describes the key selections and methods which defined the corpus of empirical materials at the heart of the authors’ original primary research. It then provides a summary overview of key aspects of our empirical research findings. Next, there is a summary discussion of the overall findings from the authors’ corpus of news media materials and data collection strategies. The chapter proceeds to examine the particular arguments in Piketty’s book which are either highlighted or neglected by the coverage in the newspaper articles forming the corpus of primary materials. It then moves on to present overall assessments of the coverage of Piketty’s book by the selected news media in the four countries. The authors identify and discuss how individual newspapers in the sample tend to agree or disagree with the key themes and argument in Piketty’s book. Responses engaging with the methods and data informing Piketty’s research and publications are also considered. Next, the chapter considers the newspapers’ engagement with discourses on economic inequality and the authors’ stances on whether or not economic inequality is problematic for the economy and society. An initial summary overview of trends in the discussion of Piketty’s policy proposals is presented, and the chapter concludes with the importance of sourcing. The following tables/graphs and figures—unless otherwise declared—are derived out of our empirical project and refer to original data generated throughout the project.
Meritocracy, Markets, Social Mobility
Authors: Grisold Andrea , Silke Henry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the subset of the corpus of newspaper articles which reacted negatively with respect to key features of Piketty’s analysis and findings. The chapter focuses on those articles which advanced defensive discourses on inequality, seeking to either downplay, deny, or conflate the key findings related to the secular trend of growing inequality. The approach and treatment in this chapter proposes that such discourses can be found in a number of categories: firstly, where the challenges focus on the method used in Piketty’s research and/or the data; secondly, where inequality is defined and treated not as a problem but rather a necessity (i.e., for innovation); and finally, discourses that oppose regulation or other intervention (such as redistribution policies) with the argument or assumption that any regulation would make matters worse.
Conclusion
Authors: Perillo J. Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The conclusion reflect on the meaning of Hip-Hop dance as witnessed in the U.S. embassy’s diplomatic convention “America in 3D: Diplomacy, Development, and Defense” (2011) in the Philippines. It argues for more engagement between Black feminist theory and Filipina performances, like “Pinays Rise,” a dance within the convention that challenged gender and class stereotypes of Filipinas as caregivers. The conclusion first analyzes “Pinays Rise,” and then connects the convention’s theme to the historical significance of stereoscopy, or the depth-enhancing imaging technique. The conclusion reviews the book’s main arguments and addresses the potential uses for performative euphemism in academic studies of culture and race. Finally, it calls for a holistic approach to Hip-Hop that reckons with discourses of Filipino cultural politics and dance.
Foot Voting in the Private Sector
Authors: Somin Ilya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains how foot voting in the private sector can expand political freedom. Some 69 million Americans currently live in private planned communities, and such arrangements can offer better and more diverse foot-voting opportunities than public jurisdictions alone. This type of foot voting is not as clearly “political” as others, but it still enhances political freedom in the sense that it provides an alternative to the government. Much can be done to increase the availability of private planned communities, including for the poor. The chapter also addresses claims that private sector foot voting does not qualify as genuine political choice, that it can only benefit the affluent, and that it has severe limitations of scale.
Problems and Keyhole Solutions
Authors: Somin Ilya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses claims that expanded foot voting—particularly through international migration—must be prevented because it would have various negative side effects. These include negative effects on public policy, the spread of harmful cultural values, displacement of workers, burdens on the welfare state, increased crime and terrorism, and damage to the environment. The chapter outlines a three-part framework for dealing with such objections: (1) determine how severe the problem really is, (2) use “keyhole” solutions (fixes that do not require migration restrictions) to mitigate it, if necessary and (3) tap the vast wealth created by migration to mitigate negative side effects that are not susceptible to keyhole solutions.
Implications for International Law and Global Governance
Authors: Somin Ilya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains the implications of the book’s arguments for international law and governance. Foot voting can be strengthened by expanding refugee status to cover a broader category of victims of oppression, increasing the range of people who can use foot voting to escape the tyranny of repressive regimes; they would qualify as “refugees” under international law and thus cannot be forcibly returned to their countries of origin. On the other hand, we should be wary of plans for world government and strong “global governance” as these could create a government that turns out be repressive, or even totalitarian, one from which there is no exit and thus no possibility of escape through foot voting.
An Overview of Newly Emerging Viral Plagues: The Hemorrhagic Fevers and a Newly Mysterious Suspect of Viral Disease, Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter highlights three of the recently identified viruses: Lassa fever virus, Ebola virus, and hantavirus. All three are equally lethal infectious agents, but they are members of different viral families. They share the ability to cause hemorrhagic fever. Once infected with any of these viruses, the victim soon suffers profuse breaks in small blood vessels, causing blood to ooze from the skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and rectum. Internally, blood flows into the pleural cavity where the lungs are located, into the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, into the abdomen, and into organs like the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and lungs. Eventually, this uncontrolled bleeding causes unconsciousness and death. There is currently no established vaccine to prevent these potential plagues, although several are in various stages of development, and an Ebola vaccine is currently undergoing trial in Africa. The chapter also considers a newly emerging and undefined but serious disease of children, which arose primarily in 2014. Based on clinical observations, the disease is identified by the signs and symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis.
Lassa Fever
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses Lassa fever virus in detail. Lassa fever virus was first recognized in West Africa in 1969, but it has likely existed in that region for much longer. Lassa fever virus causes persistent infection in its natural rodent host, that is, a long-term infection that does not directly kill. The rodent host carries these viruses in its blood and passes them in its urine and feces. It is by contact with such excretions from the rodent that humans become infected. The rodent-to-human transmission is augmented by human-to-human transmission, which spreads the viruses via contaminated blood, excreta, or saliva. After the virus enters its host, a 4- to 12-day incubation period passes; then the symptoms of disease suddenly begin. Usually, a flu-like syndrome of fever, chills, and malaise with muscle and headaches is followed by abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The terminal stage adds poor coagulation, increased vascular permeability, hemorrhage, and neurologic symptoms. Those progressing to death have extremely large amounts of virus in their blood. Currently, a very modest amount of research is under way in the West African countries where Lassa fever virus is endemic.
Ebola
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the Ebola virus in detail. Since 1976, with the exception of the 2013–2016 epidemic in West Africa, all outbreaks of Ebola virus infection have occurred in central Africa. The initial 1976 eruption of Ebola in Zaire in central Africa provided lessons for how to control future outbreaks of this disease. Unfortunately, those lessons were not well learned or sufficiently applied to the massive Ebola outbreak that followed in 2013–2016 in western Africa. Ebola virus can spread either through the air or by exposure to contaminated blood of infected humans. The clinical course of Ebola virus infection is that of a severe hemorrhagic fever. An Ebola vaccine was developed and administered to over 40,000 individuals for the 2018–2019 outbreak. However, the vaccine’s effectiveness in the outbreak has not been formally assessed, and critical scientific assessment will be difficult to achieve. Ultimately, Ebola virus remains endemic in Africa. Whether the fruit bat is the only natural reservoir for such viruses, how Ebola is transmitted, and where it lurks are still unresolved.
Teams That Work
Authors: Tannenbaum Scott , Salas Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Why do some teams thrive, while others struggle? If you are a team leader, team member, senior leader, or consultant, you need to know what really drives team effectiveness. Many books and consultants offer advice about teamwork based on opinion or conjecture. Some of that advice is useful, but much of it is overly simplistic or even misleading. Fortunately, a growing body of research is now available with which to separate the myths from the facts. For example, is it possible to “team away” talent deficiencies? Will more frequent communications improve performance? Is a team likely to perform better when members know each other? What do great team members know, do, and think? When and how can conflict be constructive? In Teams That Work, Scott Tannenbaum and Eduardo Salas answer these and other questions about team effectiveness. While reading the book you’ll learn: Eleven desirable team member competencies and three traits you’ll want to avoid; Four cooperative beliefs that consistently impact team effectiveness; Four coordination behaviors that you’ll want your teams to demonstrate; Eight types of shared cognitions team members need to possess; A dozen conditions that enable collaboration; and seven essential team leadership functions. The book culminates with specific, evidence-based tips along with tangible tools for putting the science of teamwork into practice.
Challenging University “Lad Culture”
Authors: Stenson Annis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The National Union of Students report Hidden Marks, which found that one in seven female students experience a serious physical or sexual assault during their time at college, impelled a call to arms from many feminist academics that sexual violence at universities must be investigated and challenged. The report from the Universities UK taskforce prompted university campaigns, demanding transformative changes to university culture requiring collaboration from activists, students, and university staff. This chapter draws on semistructured interviews with 10 activists at a collegiate university in England, describing their involvement with anti-lad culture campaigns. Thematic analysis draws out the strengths of, and difficulties in, university activism seeking to challenge cultures of sexual violence. In particular, this chapter discusses students’ strategies for transformation and their reflections on the successes of campaigns that oppose lad culture.
Feminist Activism Among Academic Staff in the Movement to Address Gender-Based Violence on Campus
Authors: Donovan Catherine , Chantler Khatidja , Fenton Rachel , Bracewell Kelly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Three ingredients underpin feminist campaigns against violence against women in universities: research, public activism, and political lobbying. Often discussed as if they are separate activities, this chapter demonstrates that conducting research constitutes activism resulting in and/or requiring lobbying and other activist activities. The chapter analyzes qualitative data collected in a UK national multimethod study exploring barriers and facilitators to implementing the recommendations of the 2016 Universities UK report on violence against women. Interviews with academics reveal how, in becoming cognizant of the power structures within their universities, participants identified how power operated to stall or block the gender-based violence agenda and pointed to transformative measures to circumvent barriers. These measures involve the three ingredients listed here. Collective action is apparent throughout their accounts with alliances being developed with students, external partners, and key individuals, as well as committees and services within their institutions. Cumulatively, the activism of these participants can be seen as transformative.
Slavery in the Early Church
Authors: Sommar Mary E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This is the story of how the church sought to establish norms for slave ownership on the part of ecclesiastical institutions and personnel and for others’ behavior toward such slaves. Chronicles, letters, and other documents from each of the various historical periods, along with an analysis of the various policies and statutes, provide insight into the situations of these unfree ecclesiastical dependents. Although this book is a serious scholarly monograph about the history of church law, it has been written in such a way that no specialist knowledge is required of the reader, whether a scholar in another field or a general reader interested in church history or the history of slavery. Historical background is provided, and there is a short Latin lexicon. This chapter discusses slavery in the first three centuries of Christianity.
Ecclesiastical Slavery in the Germanic Kingdoms
Authors: Sommar Mary E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This is the story of how the church sought to establish norms for slave ownership on the part of ecclesiastical institutions and personnel and for others’ behavior toward such slaves. Chronicles, letters, and other documents from each of the various historical periods, along with an analysis of the various policies and statutes, provide insight into the situations of these unfree ecclesiastical dependents. Although this book is a serious scholarly monograph about the history of church law, it has been written in such a way that no specialist knowledge is required of the reader, whether a scholar in another field or a general reader interested in church history or the history of slavery. Historical background is provided, and there is a short Latin lexicon. This chapter discusses slavery in the kingdoms of the Visigoths, the Franks, the Lombards, and other Germanic peoples from about 500 CE to the eighth century.