bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic importance of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability for micro- and macrovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study
Authors: Cardoso Claudia R. L. , Leite Nathalie C. , Salles Gil F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The prognostic importance of an increased visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BP-VVV) for the future development of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes has been scarcely investigated and is largely unsettled. We aimed to evaluate it in a prospective long-term follow-up study with 632 individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
BP-VVV parameters (systolic and diastolic standard deviations [SD] and variation coefficients) were measured during the first 24-months. Multivariate Cox analysis, adjusted for risk factors and mean BP levels, examined the associations between BP-VVV and the occurrence of microvascular (retinopathy, microalbuminuria, renal function deterioration, peripheral neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (total cardiovascular events [CVEs], major adverse CVEs [MACE] and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality). Improvement in risk discrimination was assessed by the C-statistic and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 11.3 years, 162 patients had a CVE (132 MACE), and 212 patients died (95 from cardiovascular diseases); 153 newly-developed or worsened diabetic retinopathy, 193 achieved the renal composite outcome (121 newly-developed microalbuminuria and 95 deteriorated renal function), and 171 newly-developed or worsened peripheral neuropathy. Systolic BP-VVV was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio: 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.51 for a 1-SD increase in 24-month SD), but not of total CVEs, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and of any microvascular outcome. However, no BP-VVV parameter significantly improved cardiovascular risk discrimination (increase in C-statistic 0.001, relative IDI 0.9%).

Conclusions
Systolic BP-VVV was an independent predictor of MACE, but it did not improve cardiovascular risk stratification. The goal of anti-hypertensive treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes shall remain in controlling mean BP levels, not on decreasing their visit-to-visit variability.
LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulating miR-129-5p/JAG1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Lei , Yang Jiasheng , Sun Ruilin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most deadly cancer worldwide. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of various tumors, including NSCLC. However, the precise mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in NSCLC requires further investigation.

Methods
The expression levels of KCNQ1OT1, miR-129-5p and JAG1 were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess the correlation between KCNQ1OT1 expression and the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. The targets of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-129-5p were predicted by bioinformatics, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay or pull-down assay.

Results
KCNQ1OT1 expression was significantly enhanced, while miR-129-5p expression was dramatically reduced in NSCLC tissues and cells. Higher KCNQ1OT1 shortened overall survival and was positively associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Inhibition of miR-129-5p attenuated the inhibition of NSCLC cell viability, migration and invasion induced by KCNQ1OT1 knockdown. In addition, JAG1 was confirmed as a target of miR-129-5p. Knockdown of JAG1 reversed the effects of miR-129-5p knockdown on NSCLC progression. KCNQ1OT1 regulated JAG1 expression by sponging miR-129-5p in NSCLC cells.

Conclusion
KCNQ1OT1 induced proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by sponging miR-129-5p and regulating JAG1 expression, indicating that KCNQ1OT1 was a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations are associated with high susceptibility to ovarian cancer: mutation prevalence and precise risk estimates based on a pooled analysis of ~30,000 cases
Authors: Suszynska Malwina , Ratajska Magdalena , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that more than 20% of ovarian cancer cases are associated with a genetic predisposition that is only partially explained by germline mutations in theBRCA1andBRCA2genes. Recently, several pieces of evidence showed that mutations in three genes involved in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway, i.e.,BRIP1,RAD51C, andRAD51D, are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer. To more precisely estimate the ovarian cancer risk attributed toBRIP1,RAD51C, andRAD51Dmutations, we performed a meta-analysis based on a comparison of a total of ~ 29,400 ovarian cancer patients from 63 studies and a total of ~ 116,000 controls from the gnomAD database.ResultsThe analysis allowed precise estimation of ovarian cancer risks attributed to mutations inBRIP1,RAD51C, andRAD51D, confirming that all three genes are ovarian cancer high-risk genes (odds ratio (OR) = 4.94, 95%CIs:4.07–6.00,p < 0.0001; OR = 5.59, 95%CIs:4.42–7.07,p < 0.0001; and OR = 6.94, 95%CIs:5.10–9.44,p < 0.0001, respectively). In the present report, we show, for the first time, a mutation-specific risk analysis associated with distinct, recurrent, mutations in the genes.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the pathogenicity ofBRIP1,RAD51C, andRAD51Dmutations in relation to ovarian cancer. The level of ovarian cancer risk conferred by these mutations is relatively high, indicating that afterBRCA1andBRCA2, theBRIP1,RAD51C, andRAD51Dgenes are the most important ovarian cancer risk genes, cumulatively contributing to ~ 2% of ovarian cancer cases. The inclusion of the genes into routine diagnostic tests may influence both the prevention and the potential treatment of ovarian cancer.
Overlapping Sjogren’s syndrome reduces the probability of reaching target in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a propensity score matched real-world cohort from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Zhang Haoze , Gao Dai , Xie Wenhui , Geng Yan , Zhang Zhuoli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Overlapping Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is not uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and considered as a probable detrimental factor of RA. But data on the impact of overlapping SS on RA therapeutic response is limited. Our current study aimed to identify the effect in a real-world cohort from 2009 to 2019.

Methods
The medical records of RA patients who visited the rheumatology clinic of our medical center from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. Their composite disease activity scores at each follow-up point were collected. The therapeutic response between RA patients with SS (RA-SS) and without (RA-noSS) was compared. To correct confounders which may affect the therapeutic response, both propensity score matched and unmatched cohorts were analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Among the 1099 RA patients, 129 (11.7%) overlapped with SS were validated by positive anti-SSA or a minor salivary gland biopsy with histological changes suggestive of SS. After propensity score matching based on their baseline characteristics, 126 of 129 RA-SS and 126 of 970 RA-noSS patients were statistically extracted. Overlapping SS was associated with a 29%, 26%, 18%, and 22% lower probability of reaching remission defined by DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, SDAI, and CDAI in RA patients, respectively. Similar decreased probability of reaching low disease activity was also observed. Although ESR was most significantly affected (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.79), other component of composite RA disease activity score was also affected by overlapping SS. Stratification by age, RF/ACPA status, or baseline DAS28-CRP was not associated with change of results.

Conclusions
Overlapping SS is associated with lower probability of reaching remission or low disease activity in RA patients and should be regarded as one of the poor prognostic factors.
Deep learning based classification of solid lipid-poor contrast enhancing renal masses using contrast enhanced CT
Authors: Oberai Assad , Varghese Bino , Cen Steven , Angelini Tomas , Hwang Darryl , Gill Inderbir , Aron Manju , Lau Christopher , Duddalwar Vinay 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Establish a workflow that utilizes convolutional neural nets (CNN) to classify solid, lipid-poor, contrast enhancing renal masses using multiphase contrast enhanced CT (CECT) images and to assess the performance of the resulting network.

Methods:
In this institutional review board approved study of 143 patients with predominantly solid, lipid-poor, contrast enhancing renal lesions (46 benign and 97 malignant), patients with a pre-operative multiphase CECT of the abdomen and pelvis obtained between June 2009 and June 2015 were retrospectively queried. Benign renal masses included oncocytoma and lipid-poor angiomyolipoma and the malignant group included clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe carcinomas.
Region of interests of whole tumor volumes were manually segmented, and CT phase images with the largest cross-section of the segmented tumor in the axial plane were used for assessment. Post-surgical pathological evaluation was used to establish diagnosis.
The segmented images of renal masses were used as input to a CNN. The data were augmented and split into training (83.9%) and validation sets (16.1%) to determine the hyperparameters of the CNN. Thereafter. the performance of the resulting CNN was quantified using eightfold cross-validation.

Results:
The CNN-based classifier demonstrated an overall accuracy of 78% (95% confidence interval: 76–80%), sensitivity of 70% (95% confidence interval: 66–74%), specificity of 81% (79–83%) and an area under the curve of 0.82.

Conclusion:
A CNN-based classifier to diagnose solid enhancing malignant renal masses based on multiphase CECT images was developed.

Advances in knowledge:
It was established that a CNN-based classifier could be trained to accurately distinguish malignant renal lesions.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic Impact
Authors: Ahmad Tauseef , Haroon Haroon , Baig Mukhtiar , Hui Jin 
Published: May 2020

In less than two decades, the world has experienced three outbreaks of deadly Coronaviruses, including the recent pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. COVID-19 posed an emergency of international concerns, and cases have been reported in more than 200 countries/regions that resulted in health, lives, and economic losses. China’s economic growth is projected to fall to 5.6% this year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected that policy investment and tax policies to implement $3.3 trillion and contributes further $4.5 trillion. IMF forecasts grow from 3.7% of global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 to 9.9% in 2020. GDP ratio projected from 3.0% in 2019 to grow 10.7% in 2020, the US ratio expected to increase from 5.8% to 15.7%. France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom (UK) each reported public sector funding programs totalling > 10% of their yearly GDP. There is a dire need for regional and international co-operation to extend hands to prevent further spreading of COVID-19.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638
How to cite this:Ahmad T, Haroon, Baig M, Hui J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic Impact. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S73-S78. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Are Online Job Postings Informative to Investors?
Authors: Gutiérrez Elizabeth , Lourie Ben , Nekrasov Alexander , Shevlin Terry 
Published: May 2020

Human capital is a key factor in value creation in the modern corporation. Yet the disclosure of investment in human capital is scant. We propose that a company’s online job postings are disclosures made outside of the investor-relations channel that contain forward-looking information that could be informative to investors about future growth. We find that changes in the number of job postings are positively associated with changes in future performance and that this relation is stronger when postings likely represent growth rather than replacement. Consistent with job postings providing new information to the market, investors react positively to changes in the number of job postings. The market reaction to postings is stronger when firms are likely to be hiring for growth rather than replacement and for firms with low labor intensity (and therefore high marginal productivity of labor). This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Dimension-Corrected Somers’ D for the Item Analysis Settings
Authors: Metsämuuronen Jari 
Published: May 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">A new index of item discrimination power (IDP), dimension-corrected Somers’ D (D2) is proposed. Somers’ D is one of the superior alternatives for item–total- (Rit) and item–rest correlation (Rir) in reflecting the real IDP with items with scales 0/1 and 0/1/2, that is, up to three categories. D also reaches the extreme value +1 and ‒1 correctly while Rit and Rir cannot reach the ultimate values in the real-life testing settings. However, when the item has four categories or more, Somers’ D underestimates IDP more than Pearson correlation. A simple correction to Somers’ D in the polytomous case seems to lead to be effective in item analysis settings. In the simulation with real-life items, D2 showed very few cases of obvious underestimation and practically no cases of obvious overestimation. With certain restrictions discussed in the article, D2 seems to be a good alternative for these classic estimators not only with dichotomous items but also with the polytomous ones. In general, the magnitudes of the estimates by D2 are higher than those by Rit, Rir, and polychoric correlation and they seem to be close of those of bi- and polyserial correlation coefficients without out-of-range values.</p>
Distal humerus nonunion: evaluation and management
Authors: Vauclair Frédéric , Goetti Patrick , Nguyen Ngoc Tram V. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: May 2020

Despite recent improvements in surgical implants and techniques, distal humerus nonunion does occur between 8% and 25% of the time. Careful identification and improvement of any modifiable risk factors such as smoking, metabolic disorders, immunosuppressant medications, poor nutritional status and infection is mandatory. A recent computed tomography scan is paramount to determine the nonunion pattern, assess residual bone stock, identify previously placed hardware, and determine whether there is evidence of osteoarthritis or malunion of the articular surface. Internal fixation is the treatment of choice in the majority of patients presenting with reasonable bone stock and preserved articular cartilage; total elbow arthroplasty is an appealing alternative for elbows with severe destruction of the articular cartilage or severe bone loss at the articular segment, especially in older, female patients. Internal fixation requires not only achieving a stable fixation, but also releasing associated elbow contractures and the liberal use of bone graft or substitutes. Although reported union rates after internal fixation of distal humerus nonunions are excellent (over 95%), the complication rate remains very high, and unsatisfactory results do occur. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:289-298. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190050
Large-Scale Field Study of Impact-Based Yield Monitor Performance
Authors: McNaull Robert P , Darr M. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The grain yield monitor is the most common evaluation tool for determining the productivity of grain cropping systems. Most evaluations of grain yield monitors have focused on lab scale tests of the sensor performance and its ability to be calibrated in field trials. This study focused on the performance of the impact-based grain yield monitor during a full corn harvest season with observations and conclusions drawn on the load-to-load variation, field level, and full season accuracy from data collected over five seasons and encompassing over 2,000 evaluation loads. The load variance expectation of the impact-based yield monitor was characterized and the yield difference requirements for statistical significance were developed to aid in yield monitor based evaluations of agronomic strip trials. Following manufacturer recommended calibrations, a single cropping season calibration in corn produced field mean errors of ±5% and a season mean error of 1%. Results showed statistically significant shift in the yield monitor accuracy for grain moisture content greater than 22.5% and a load accuracy dependency on the mean mass flow rate during the full harvest season calibration evaluation. Keywords: Combine harvesters, Mass flow, Precision agriculture, Real-time sensor, Yield map, Yield monitor.
Social Capital and the Reciprocal Nature of Family Relationships: The Perspective of Individuals With Mild Intellectual Disability
Authors: Giesbers Sanne A. H. , Hendriks Alexander H. C. , Hastings Richard P. , Jahoda Andrew , Tournier Tess , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Even though family plays a significant role in the lives of people with intellectual disability, little research has included their own views about their families. This study examined how 138 people with mild intellectual disability describe their family group, with a focus on the reciprocal nature of the emotional support in relationships with family members. Participants reported “significant” family members beyond the nuclear family, and parents were seen as the main provider of support. Only half of participants had a support relationship with siblings and just 13% of participants reported partners. About 30% of support was reciprocal, and reciprocity varied greatly with the types of family connection (e.g., siblings, peers). Implications for future research as well as practice are discussed.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among U.S. Children With and Without Down Syndrome: The National Survey of Children's Health
Authors: Diaz Keith M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is unclear whether children with Down syndrome have differing physical activity and sedentary behavior levels compared to typical children. This study addressed this evidence gap in a national sample. Physical activity/sedentary behavior were ascertained by parental report. Findings highlighted that children with Down syndrome were less likely to engage in regular physical activity compared to typical children and had the lowest likelihood of regular physical activity among all subgroups with developmental disabilities/special healthcare needs. Children with Down syndrome were also more likely to watch high volumes of television compared to typical children, although this was nonsignificant upon adjustment for general health. It was concluded that children with Down syndrome are in urgent need for interventions/programs that promote physical activity.
Efficiently Summarizing Relationships in Large Samples: A General Duality Between Statistics of Genealogies and Genomes
Authors: Ralph Peter , Thornton Kevin , Kelleher Jerome 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a genetic mutation is passed down across generations, it distinguishes those genomes that have inherited it from those that have not, providing a glimpse of the genealogical tree relating the genomes to each other at that site. Statistical summaries of genetic variation therefore also describe the underlying genealogies. We use this correspondence to define a general framework that efficiently computes single-site population genetic statistics using the succinct tree sequence encoding of genealogies and genome sequence. The general approach accumulates sample weights within the genealogical tree at each position on the genome, which are then combined using a summary function; different statistics result from different choices of weight and function. Results can be reported in three ways: by site, which corresponds to statistics calculated as usual from genome sequence; by branch, which gives the expected value of the dual site statistic under the infinite sites model of mutation, and by node, which summarizes the contribution of each ancestor to these statistics. We use the framework to implement many currently defined statistics of genome sequence (making the statistics’ relationship to the underlying genealogical trees concrete and explicit), as well as the corresponding branch statistics of tree shape. We evaluate computational performance using simulated data, and show that calculating statistics from tree sequences using this general framework is several orders of magnitude more efficient than optimized matrix-based methods in terms of both run time and memory requirements. We also explore how well the duality between site and branch statistics holds in practice on trees inferred from the 1000 Genomes Project data set, and discuss ways in which deviations may encode interesting biological signals.
Optimal Antibiotics at Hospital Discharge for Children With Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Fusco Nicholas M. , Islam Shamim , Polischuk Emily 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Antibiotic stewardship at hospital discharge is an area of need. We assessed the rate of optimal antibiotic prescriptions at hospital discharge, on the basis of urine culture and susceptibility data, for children diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI).

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study of patients ≤18 years of age who were admitted to a general pediatrics service at a freestanding children’s hospital during 2017 with a diagnosis of UTI and received an antibiotic prescription at discharge. For the primary analysis, optimal antibiotic at hospital discharge was determined by evaluating if the cultured urinary pathogen was susceptible to the prescribed antibiotic and if the antibiotic was the narrowest-spectrum option available. Secondary objectives included assessment of antibiotic dosing accuracy and description of antibiotic treatment duration.

RESULTS:
A total of 78 cases were included. Sixty-eight (83%) cases were caused by cefazolin-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Thirty-one (40%) cases had a discharge antibiotic prescription that was determined to be optimal. Of the 47 (60%) cases that were suboptimal, 44 (94%) were considered to be excessively broad spectrum. In 3 (6%) cases, the causative organism was nonsusceptible to the prescribed antibiotic. Ten (13%) discharge antibiotic prescriptions had inaccurate dosing and/or frequency.

CONCLUSIONS:
Missed opportunities for narrow-spectrum antibiotic selection at hospital discharge for pediatric UTIs frequently occurred. In particular, higher-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin were often prescribed for cephalexin-susceptible cases. Antibiotic stewardship attention, specifically at hospital discharge for pediatric UTIs, is likely to have a high impact.