bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ätiologie und Pathogenese der Migräne
Authors: Ganser Bernhard , Leis Stefan 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungMigräne ist eine weltweit sehr häufige Erkrankung, die zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität Betroffener führen kann. Bereits zu Beginn der Migräneattacke konnte eine Aktivierung des Hypothalamus gezeigt werden. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt ist dann die nachfolgende Aktivierung des trigeminovaskulären Systems. Hier spielt das Neuropeptid Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) eine tragende Rolle. Durch die Aktivierung nozizeptiver Fasern kommt es zur Reizweiterleitung nach zentral in den Hirnstamm und über periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung zu den typischen migräneartigen Kopfschmerzen. Durch besseres Verständnis der Pathophysiologie der Migräne ist es zuletzt gelungen, eine medikamentöse Prophylaxe zu entwickeln, die spezifisch in die komplexe Abfolge der Migränekaskade eingreift, indem das CGRP bzw. sein Rezeptor durch spezifische monoklonale Antikörper blockiert werden.
Re-establishment of efficacy of tofacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, after temporary discontinuation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kaine Jeffrey , Tesser John , Takiya Liza , DeMasi Ryan , Wang Lisy , Snyder Mark , Soma Koshika , Fan Haiyun , Bandi Vara , Wollenhaupt Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction/objective
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This post-hoc analysis evaluated the effect of temporary discontinuation and reinitiation of tofacitinib on disease control in patients with RA in the vaccine sub-study of the long-term extension (LTE) study ORAL Sequel (NCT00413699).

Methods
The sub-study of ORAL Sequel was a randomized, parallel-group, open-label study. Patients who received tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily for ≥ 3 months in ORAL Sequel were randomized to receive continuous (tofacitinib monotherapy/with methotrexate) or interrupted (tofacitinib withdrawn for 2 weeks post-randomization then reinitiated as monotherapy/with methotrexate) treatment. Efficacy assessments included ACR20/50/70 response rates, change from baseline (∆) in C-reactive protein (CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-4 [ESR]), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Patient Global Assessment of arthritis (PtGA), Pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), and Physician Global Assessment of arthritis (PGA). Safety was assessed throughout.

Results
The sub-study included 99 patients each in the continuous and interrupted treatment groups. ACR20/50 response rates, ∆CRP, ∆HAQ-DI (day 15), ∆DAS28-4 (ESR), ∆CDAI, ∆PtGA, ∆Pain (VAS), and ∆PGA were significantly worse in interrupted vs continuous patients during dose interruption, but were generally similar to pre-interruption/continuous treatment levels 28 days post-reinitiation. A numerically higher proportion of interrupted patients reported adverse events (49.5%) vs continuous patients (35.4%).

Conclusions
Tofacitinib efficacy can be re-established after temporary withdrawal and reinitiation. The safety profile of patients who temporarily discontinued tofacitinib in the sub-study was consistent with previous tofacitinib LTE studies over 9 years.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT00413699

Key Points• In this sub-study of the long-term extension (LTE) study, ORAL Sequel, the efficacy of tofacitinib was re-established after temporary withdrawal (2 weeks) and reinitation of treatment in patients with RA.• Patients with RA who temporarily discontinued tofacitinib had similar safety events to those reported in previous LTE studies.• The results of this sub-study were consistent with a post-hoc analysis of pooled data from two LTE studies, ORAL Sequel and A3921041, which assessed the efficacy of tofacitinib following a treatment discontinuation period of 14–30 days.
Baroreflex activation therapy reduces frequency and duration of hypertension-related hospitalizations in patients with resistant hypertension
Authors: Halbach Marcel , Grothaus David , Hoffmann Fabian , Madershahian Navid , Kuhr Kathrin , Reuter Hannes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) has been shown to lower blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether this translates into a reduction of more relevant clinical endpoints.

Methods
Patients with resistant hypertension were treated with the second-generation BAT system. Records on hospitalization (dates of admission and discharge, main diagnosis) were obtained from medical insurance companies.

Results
Records on hospitalization were available for a period of 1 year before BAT in two patients and 2 years in 22 patients. The total number of hospitalizations per patient was 3.3 ± 3.5/year before BAT and 2.2 ± 2.7/year after BAT (p = 0.03). Hospitalizations related to hypertension were significantly decreased from 1.5 ± 1.6/year before BAT to 0.5 ± 0.9/year after BAT (p < 0.01). The cumulative duration of hypertension-related hospital stays was significantly reduced from 8.0 ± 8.7 days/year before BAT to 1.8 ± 4.8 days/year after BAT (p < 0.01). Office cuff blood pressure was 183 ± 27 mmHg over 102 ± 17 mmHg under 6.6 ± 2.0 antihypertensive drugs before BAT and 157 ± 32 mmHg over 91 ± 20 mmHg (both p < 0.01) under 5.9 ± 1.9 antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.09 for number of drugs) at latest follow-up. Daytime ambulatory blood pressure was 164 ± 21 mmHg over 91 ± 14 mmHg before BAT and 153 ± 21 mmHg (p = 0.03) over 89 ± 15 mmHg (p = 0.56) at latest follow-up. Heart rate was 75 ± 16 bpm before BAT and 72 ± 12 bpm at latest follow-up (p = 0.35).

Conclusions
Rate and duration of hypertension-related hospitalizations in patients with severe resistant hypertension were lowered after BAT. Whether the response is mediated through improvements in blood pressure control requires further studies.
Factors modifying the structural configuration of oxyanions and organic acids adsorbed on iron (hydr)oxides in soils. A review
Authors: Han Junho , Kim Minhee , Ro Hee-Myong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOxyanions are ubiquitous in soils, organisms and the environment. Due to their unique chemical structure, oxyanions can be easily transferred into other systems. Carbonate (CO32−), nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (PO43−), silicate (SiO42−) and sulfate (SO42−) are the major oxyanions in organisms and the soil environment, whereas arsenate (AsO43−), antimonate (SbO43−), borate (BO33−), selenate (SeO42−), and tellurate (TeO42−) are generally reported as toxic chemicals found at trace levels. Excessive oxyanions leached from soils into water have caused severe environmental problems. Here, we review the factors affecting the structural configuration of oxyanions and organic acids adsorbed on iron oxides and hydroxides. The configuration of oxyanions on iron (hydr)oxides is controlled by surface loading, pH, sample phase, competing ions and organic acids. Under conditions of low surface loading and low pH at the interface in the absence of competing ions, oxyanions with high affinity possibly form a complex with higher denticity. But an increase in pH decreases the number of sorption sites; thus, a transition from a tri- or bidentate complex to monodentate and outer-sphere complexes occurs.
Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population
Authors: Tibubos Ana Nanette , Burghardt Juliane , Klein Eva M. , Brähler Elmar , Jünger Claus , Michal Matthias , Wiltink Jörg , Wild Philipp S. , Münzel Thomas , Singer Susanne , Pfeiffer Norbert , Beutel Manfred E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimWe aim to determine the frequency of stressful life events (SLEs) and investigate the association of single and aggregated SLEs with mental health and general subjective health, which has not been reported for an aging representative sample to date.Subjects and methodsA total of 12,947 participants (35–74 years old) of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) in Germany were analyzed. SLEs were analyzed at the item and aggregated level with unweighted and weighted sum scores. Additionally, the survey included measures of mental health, general subjective health and demographics. Descriptive analyses were stratified by sex, age and socioeconomic status.ResultsMultivariate analyses of variance with SLE at the item level revealed large main effects for sex (ηp2 = 0.30) and age (ηp2 = 0.30); a moderate effect was found for socioeconomic status (ηp2 = 0.08). Interaction effects of sex with age and SES were also significant, but with negligible effect sizes. Regression analyses revealed similar results for unweighted and weighted SLE sum scores controlling for sociodemographic variables, supporting the detrimental relations among cumulated SLEs, depression (β = 0.18/0.19) and anxiety (β =0.17/0.17), but not general health. Mental health indicators showed the highest correlations with single SLEs such as change of sleep habits or personal finances. Severe SLEs according to proposed weight scores showed no or only weak associations with mental health.ConclusionRepresentative data support a more distinct impact of SLEs on mental health than on general health. Single SLEs show strong associations with mental health outcome (e.g., change of sleep habits). The low associations between severe single SLEs and mental health merit further attention.
The influence of atmospheric circulation conditions on Betula and Alnus pollen concentrations in Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Ojrzyńska Hanna , Bilińska Daria , Werner Małgorzata , Kryza Maciej , Malkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influence of atmospheric circulation conditions on pollen concentrations of two taxons (Betula and Alnus) in Wroclaw, Poland, for the years 2005–2014 was analysed. Pollen concentration was analysed separately for twenty circulation types that were determined using objective classification. The results indicate the atmospheric circulation conditions favourable for both low and high pollen concentrations over Central Europe. Pollen concentrations vary significantly according to circulation types. The highest pollen concentrations for both taxons are typical for warm, sunny, and dry anticyclonic circulation types with anticyclone in the lower and upper troposphere, especially for types with advection from the SW. The lowest pollen concentrations are observed for cold, wet, and cloudy cyclonic types with advection from the northern sectors. There is also a positive and statistically significant trend in the frequency of circulation types favourable for high concentrations of Betula and Alnus.
Acceptability of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir (CAB LA) in HIV-Uninfected Individuals: HPTN 077
Authors: Tolley Elizabeth E. , Zangeneh Sahar Z. , Chau Gordon , Eron Joe , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Humphries Hilton , Liu Albert , Siegel Marc , Bertha Maseko , Panchia Ravindre , Li Sue , Cottle Leslie , Rinehart Alex , Margolis David , Jennings Andrea , McCauley Marybeth , Landovitz Raphael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong-acting injectable PrEP could offer an alternative to daily oral PrEP, improve adherence and protection, if found acceptable, safe and effective. HPTN 077 evaluated injectable cabotegravir safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics among HIV-uninfected males and females in sequentially-enrolled cohorts of two dosing strategies. We compared acceptability of product attributes, prevention preferences and future interest in injectable PrEP (FIIP) by region, sex-at-birth, arm and cohort and used multivariable analysis to identify FIIP determinants. Baseline injectable PrEP preferences were higher in non-U.S. sites and increased in both regions over time. In multivariable models, FIIP was most strongly associated with acceptability of product attributes, was higher in non-U.S. sites and more altruistic participants. Treatment arm and report of pain were not associated with FIIP. Injectable acceptability was highest in non-U.S. sites. Preferences for injectable versus other PrEP methods were higher among U.S. males than females, but higher among males and females in non-U.S. settings.
Problems with using stability, specificity, and proportionality as criteria for evaluating strength of scientific causal explanations: commentary on Lynch et al. (2019)
Authors: Oftedal Gry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLynch et al. (Biol Philos 34:62, 2019) employ stability, specificity, and proportionality as criteria for evaluating microbiome causal explanations. Although these causal characteristics signify relevant differences between causal roles, I suggest that they should not be used as general criteria for strong or good causal explanations.
Association Between Psychosocial Problems and Unhealthy Health Behavior Patterns Among Finnish Adolescents
Authors: Marttila-Tornio Kaisa , Ruotsalainen Heidi , Miettunen Jouko , Männikkö Niko , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate how psychosocial problems in childhood and adolescence associate with an unhealthy health behavior pattern among adolescents in Northern Finland. The study population consisted of 4350 participants, drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study. Health behavior patterns were assessed in adolescence and psychosocial problems in childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations. Several psychosocial problems predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy health behavior pattern. Externalizing problems in childhood predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behavior patterns for girls. For both genders, externalizing problems and inattention in adolescence were associated with unhealthy health behavior patterns. Boys and girls with externalizing problems both in childhood and adolescence had an increased risk of unhealthy patterns. Psychosocial problems contribute to unhealthy lifestyles and should therefore be acknowledged when designing and targeting health promotion strategies aimed at adolescents.
Adult Manifestation of Milder Forms of Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic and Non-autistic Psychopathology
Authors: Horwitz E. H. , Schoevers R. A. , Greaves-Lord K. , de Bildt A. , Hartman C. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compared the presence of autistic and comorbid psychopathology and functional impairments in young adults who received a clinical diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Not Otherwise Specified or Asperger’s Disorder during childhood to that of a referred comparison group. While the Autism Spectrum Disorder group on average scored higher on a dimensional ASD self- and other-report measure than clinical controls, the majority did not exceed the ASD cutoff according to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Part of the individuals with an ASD diagnosis in their youth no longer show behaviors that underscribe a clinical ASD diagnosis in adulthood, but have subtle difficulties in social functioning and a vulnerability for a range of other psychiatric disorders.
The effect of grazing on the microbiome of two commercially important agarophytes, Gracilaria firma and G. salicornia (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Tan Teck-Toh , Song Sze-Looi , Poong Sze-Wan , Ward Georgia M. , Brodie Juliet , Lim Phaik-Eem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrazing, which leads to losses in biomass and drastic declines in total crop production, is one of the main concerns in seaweed aquaculture. This is also thought to affect the composition of the associated bacterial communities which are believed to play a crucial role in determining the host’s health and development. Apart from morphological impairment, studying changes in the prokaryotic microbiome composition and predicted functional responses to grazing will allow us to understand the underlying effects of grazing on the seaweed host. This study is the first report of the effect of grazing on the prokaryotic microbiome of two economically important agarophytes,Gracilaria firmaandGracilaria salicornia, by high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated that forG. firma, the microbiome composition of tissues grazed by marine herbivores had significantly more agarolytic bacteriaMarinagarivoranssp. andAlgisphaerasp. than in ungrazed tissues. The predictive functional metagenomics for this species revealed that grazing escalated the pathway activities related to nucleotide degradation, aromatic compound degradation and aerobic sugar metabolism, while pathways associated with cell wall synthesis, aerobic respiration, vitamin biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis were reduced. However, forG. salicornia, the bacterial communities were not significantly affected by grazing. Nevertheless, pathways relating to anaerobic respiration and amino acid, coenzyme and vitamin B-6 biosynthesis in this species were predicted to be more active in grazed tissues, whereas the microbiome of ungrazed tissues had higher activities in bacteriochlorophylla, fatty acid, secondary metabolite and heme biosynthesis.
Generalized Visual Information Analysis Via Tensorial Algebra
Authors: Liao Liang , Maybank Stephen John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh-order data are modeled using matrices whose entries are numerical arrays of a fixed size. These arrays, called t-scalars, form a commutative ring under the convolution product. Matrices with elements in the ring of t-scalars are referred to as t-matrices. The t-matrices can be scaled, added and multiplied in the usual way. There are t-matrix generalizations of positive matrices, orthogonal matrices and Hermitian symmetric matrices. With the t-matrix model, it is possible to generalize many well-known matrix algorithms. In particular, the t-matrices are used to generalize the singular value decomposition (SVD), high-order SVD (HOSVD), principal component analysis (PCA), two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) and Grassmannian component analysis (GCA). The generalized t-matrix algorithms, namely TSVD, THOSVD, TPCA, T2DPCA and TGCA, are applied to low-rank approximation, reconstruction and supervised classification of images. Experiments show that the t-matrix algorithms compare favorably with standard matrix algorithms.
Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Plant Volatiles and Pheromone Compounds in the Lucerne Weevil, Sitona discoideus
Authors: Park Kye Chung , McNeill Mark R. , Suckling David M. , Unelius C. Rikard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntennal olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) for pheromone-related and plant volatile compounds were identified and characterized in the lucerne weevil, Sitona discoideus (Gyllenhal), using the single sensillum recording technique. Our study using five pheromone-related compounds and 42 plant volatile compounds indicates that S. discoideus have highly specialized ORNs for pheromone and plant volatile compounds. Different groups of ORNs present in both males and females of S. discoideus were highly sensitive to 4-methylheptane-3,5-dione (diketone) and four isomers (RR, RS, SR and SS) of 5-hydroxy-4-methylheptan-3-one, respectively. Our results also indicate that male S. discoideus, using the sensory input from antennal ORNs, can distinguish both diketone and the RR-isomer from others, and RS- and SS-isomers from others, although it was unclear if they can distinguish between RS-isomer and SS-isomer, or between diketone and the SR-isomer. It also appeared that female S. discoideus could distinguish between RS-isomer and SS-isomers. The antennae of S. discoideus thus contain sex-specific sets of ORNs for host- and non-host plant volatile compounds. Both sexes of S. discoideus have highly sensitive and selective ORNs for some green-leaf volatiles, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-2-hexenal. In contrast, male antennae of S. discoideus house three distinct groups of ORNs specialized for myrcene and (E)-β-ocimene, 2-phenylethanol, and phenylacetaldehyde, respectively, whereas female antennae contain three groups of ORNs specialized for (±)-linalool and (±)-α-terpineol, myrcene and (E)-β-ocimene, (±)-1-octen-3-ol, and 3-octanone. Our results suggest that S. discoideus use a multi-component pheromone communication system, and a sex-specific set of ORNs with a narrow range of response spectra for host-plant location.
Influence of modified biopolymers on thermal properties and biodegradation processes of carboxylated nitrile-butadiene (XNBR) nanocomposities
Authors: Prochon M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presented study includes a comparison of the effect of fillers used in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber XNBR on the properties of the obtained polymer materials. Fillers used in this study originated from the tanning industry waste: cattle hair keratin, enzymatic hydrolyzate of cattle hair keratin and condensate of enzymatic hydrolyzate of cattle hair keratin. The use of commonly found in nature phyllosilicates allows to obtain nanocomposites. That is why in the presented study we used different mass fraction of layered silicate—montmorillonite. The dispersion of silicates in polymer matrices can be influenced by their physical and chemical modifications that lead to changes in the properties of the polymer matrices themselves. In the presented study the kinetics of vulcanization of elastomer blends was investigated, and the obtained XNBR rubber vulcanizates were analyzed for mechanical, optical, rheological, thermal analysis and their resistance to accelerated thermo-oxidative aging (S) and susceptibility to biodegrade were tested. The produced elastomer composites may be used in the rubber industry in the assortment of various types of washers, elastomer seals or conveyor belts—materials that often work under elevated temperature conditions. Therefore, it seems advisable to understand the thermal properties of this type of materials, eg for suitability in real conditions. Therefore, Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Oxygen Index (IO) analyzes have been carried out, showing that different mechanisms of decomposition occur in layers of fiber-enriched polymer composites than unrecoverable ones. The modified keratin also slightly decreases the glass transition temperature. In addition, the presence of a modified keratin in the XNBR elastomer structure increases the composites compliance with the biodegradation process.
Some New Characterizations of Intrinsic Transversality in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Thao Nguyen Hieu , Bui Hoa T. , Cuong Nguyen Duy , Verhaegen Michel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivated by a number of questions concerning transversality-type properties of pairs of sets recently raised by Ioffe and Kruger, this paper reports several new characterizations of the intrinsic transversality property in Hilbert spaces. New results in terms of normal vectors clarify the picture of intrinsic transversality, its variants and sufficient conditions for subtransversality, and unify several of them. For the first time, intrinsic transversality is characterized by an equivalent condition which does not involve normal vectors. This characterization offers another perspective on intrinsic transversality. As a consequence, the obtained results allow us to answer a number of important questions about transversality-type properties.