bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-related cognitive problems at work: experiences of survivors and professionals
Authors: Klaver Kete M. , Duijts Saskia F. A. , Engelhardt Ellen G. , Geusgens Chantal A. V. , Aarts Maureen J. B. , Ponds Rudolf W. H. M. , van der Beek Allard J. , Schagen Sanne B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-related cognitive problems (cancer-related cognitive problems) in working cancer survivors are found to affect work outcomes. We aimed to generate in-depth information regarding cancer-related cognitive problems in working cancer survivors, strategies used to cope with cancer-related cognitive problems at work, and needs of cancer survivors and professionals regarding cancer-related cognitive problems at work.

Methods
Five focus groups were formed, amongst which three focus groups with cancer survivors (n = 8, n = 7, and n = 8) and two focus groups with professionals (n = 7, n = 8). Thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed to create concepts.

Results
Both cancer survivors and professionals confirmed that cancer-related cognitive problems, which occurred in several domains of neurocognitive functioning, affect work functioning. Cancer survivors used several strategies (e.g., applying practical adjustments, re-organization of work, and accepting limitations) to cope with cancer-related cognitive problems at work, as did professionals in their attempt at supporting cancer survivors facing these problems. Various needs of cancer survivors (e.g., supportive care options, acknowledgment by others) and professionals (e.g., improvement of expertise, clarity about referral pathways) regarding cancer-related cognitive problems at work were mentioned.

Conclusions
Due to the growing number of working cancer survivors dealing with cancer-related cognitive problems, it is essential to sustain their employability. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation interventions should be developed, taking functioning at work into account. Knowledge amongst professionals regarding cancer-related cognitive problems, as well as coordination of care for cancer-related cognitive problems, should be improved. Ensuring professional education regarding cancer-related cognitive problems, within both the healthcare and occupational setting, is of utmost importance.

Implications for cancer survivors
Support for working cancer survivors who experience cancer-related cognitive problems might increase their employability in the longer term.
Regularity Estimates for the p-Sobolev Flow
Authors: Kuusi Tuomo , Misawa Masashi , Nakamura Kenta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study doubly nonlinear parabolic equation arising from the gradient flow for p-Sobolev type inequality, referred as p-Sobolev flow from now on, which includes the classical Yamabe flow on a bounded domain in Euclidean space in the special case $$p=2$$p=2. In this article we establish a priori estimates and regularity results for the p-Sobolev type flow, which are necessary for further analysis and classification of limits as time tends to infinity.
Accelerated cuckoo optimization algorithm for the multi-objective welding process
Authors: Mellal Mohamed Arezki , Salhi Abdellah , Williams Edward J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWelding is a well-known process in manufacturing industries due to its importance. Several process parameters should be tuned in order to perform a high-quality welding. Usually, the problem is described as an optimization one and the challenge is to reconcile conflicting objectives. This paper deals with a multi-objective welding process namely the submerged arc welding process, involving five objectives. The weighted sum approach is used to handle it. An accelerated cuckoo optimization algorithm is implemented for this process model and applied to a practical instance of it. On this practical example, the superiority of the proposed optimization technique has been demonstrated in terms of better solutions and fewer required generations of the cuckoos relative to the basic COA and four other optimization algorithms.
NGP 555, a γ‐secretase modulator, shows a beneficial shift in the ratio of amyloid biomarkers in human cerebrospinal fluid at safe doses
Authors: Kounnas Maria Z. , Durakoglugil Murat S. , Herz Joachim , Comer William T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is widely accepted that AD is a complex disease with multiple approaches necessary to prevent and treat the disease.MethodsUsing amyloid biomarkers in human cerebrospinal fluid, pharmacokinetic, safety, and metabolism studies, we investigate the properties of NGP 555, γ‐secretase modulator, for the first time in human clinical trials.ResultsOur preclinical and clinical studies combined show beneficial effects with NGP 555 on synaptic response and amyloid cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers while avoiding negative side effects. Importantly, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters combined with safety outcomes indicate that NGP 555 penetrates the blood‐brain barrier and increases the ratio of amyloid‐β peptide Aβ37 and Aβ38 compared with that of Aβ42, establishing a proof of target engagement in humans in a 14 day, once‐daily oral dosing trial.DiscussionIn humans, NGP 555 has demonstrated a beneficial shift in the production of Aβ37 and Aβ38 versus Aβ42 biomarker levels in the cerebrospinal fluid while maintaining an adequate safety profile. The overall clinical goal is to achieve an optimal balance of efficacy for altering amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) biomarkers while maintaining a safe profile so that NGP 555 can be given early in AD to prevent production of Aβ42 and accumulation of amyloid plaques, in an effort to prevent aggregation of tau and destruction of neurons and synapses resulting in cognitive decline.
Psychometric evaluation of the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in young adults with chronic health conditions
Authors: Nearchou F. , Davies A. , Hennessy E. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction.The Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is one of the most widely employed tools for measuring perceived social support from three sources: family, friends and a significant other. This study aimed to establish the factor structure of the MSPSS in young adults living with chronic health conditions (CHCs). It also aimed to examine the reliability and convergent validity of the tool.Methods.A cross-sectional quantitative design was applied. Participants (n = 123, 90 females) were students aged 18–25 years recruited from Colleges of Further Education in Ireland (mean age of 20.1 years, s.d. = 2.43). Participants completed the MSPSS and two subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey that assessed social functioning and emotional well-being.Results.Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution of the MSPSS in young adults living with CHCs. The three factors together explained 83% of the variance in MSPSS scores. All the items had high loadings on the factors (0.72–0.94). The MSPSS showed satisfactory reliability and convergent validity.Conclusions.These findings suggest that the MSPSS is a valid and reliable tool for measuring perceived social support from three sources in young adults living with CHCs. Social support has been associated with positive outcomes in young adults living with CHCs, thus it is imperative for researchers and clinicians to have access to psychometrically sound instruments to evaluate the construct.
Single step Production of graphite from organic Samples for Radiocarbon Measurements
Authors: Elder K L , Roberts M L , Walther T , Xu L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a new low-cost, high-throughput method for converting many types of organic carbon samples into graphite for radiocarbon (14C) measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The method combines sample combustion and reduction to graphite into a single procedure. In the Single Step method, solid samples are placed directly into Pyrex containing zinc, titanium hydride and iron catalyst. The tube is evacuated, flame sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace for 7 hr. A variety of organic samples have been tested including oxalic acid, sucrose, wood, peat, collagen, humic acid, and contamination swipe samples. The method significantly reduces the time required to produce a graphite sample for 14C measurement, with analytical precision and accuracy approaching that of traditional two-step combustion and hydrogen reduction methods. The details and applicability of the method are presented.
Inhibitory control and receptive vocabulary influence aspect comprehension in children
Authors: Blank Andrew , Frush Holt Rachael , Wagner Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough many researchers appeal to performance limitations to account for children’s non-adult-like use of language, few studies have explicitly linked specific cognitive abilities to specific dimensions of language. This study investigated a well-studied underextension in children’s language involving linguistic aspect and tested participants in an aspectual comprehension task as well as a series of assessments evaluating neurocognitive and linguistic skills. Adults (N= 32) and 5-year-old children (N= 32) participated. The results for the children replicated the classic pattern of underextension, with children showing an uneven pattern of success even though all items were equally grammatical. In addition, children’s skill with items that involved overriding lexical information in favor of morphological information was predicted by their performance on an inhibitory control task while children’s skill with items that involved integrating contextual world knowledge was predicted by their performance on a receptive vocabulary task. These results demonstrate how specific dimensions of linguistic processing are supported differentially and sensibly by specific dimensions of cognition.
The penholder system and the rule of law in the Security Council decision-making: Setback or improvement?
Authors: Loiselle Marie-Eve 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the decision-making process of the UN Security Council when it adopts outcome documents, such as resolutions, Presidential statements and press statements. It is commonly assumed that because of their veto power and permanency China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have greater influence than their elected counterparts in shaping those outcomes. In recent years, that control has been strengthened by the penholdership system. Under this practice, one or more members, usually France, the United States or the United Kingdom (P3), take leadership over a situation on the agenda of the Council. When ‘holding the pen’ a member often decides what action the Council should take, then drafts an outcome document that it negotiates with other permanent members before sharing the text with elected members. This article explores the development of this practice and its impact on the respect for the rule of law in the Security Council’s decision-making process. It argues that, while concentrating power in the hands of the P3, hence diminishing transparency and the opportunity for all members to participate in the decision-making of the Council, at the same time the penholdership system also provides an avenue to strengthen elected members’ influence in ways that promote respect for the international rule of law.
Ex post adjustment for measurement error in stunting calculations: an illustration from Egypt
Authors: Figueroa Jose Luis , Kurdi Sikandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study provides ranges for the magnitude of bias caused by measurement error in stunting rates, a widely used a proxy for long-term nutritional status.Design:Stunting, which is determined by the number of cases that fall below −2 sd from the mean height-for-age in the population, mechanically increases with higher variance. This variance stems from both natural heterogeneity in the population and measurement error. To isolate the effect of measurement error, we model the true distributions which could give rise to the observed distributions after subtracting a simulated measurement error.Setting:We analyse information from three rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Egypt (2005, 2008 and 2014). Egypt ranks high among developing countries with low-quality anthropometric data collected in the DHS, currently the main source of anthropometry in the country.Participants:The study relies on re-analysis of existing DHS data, which record height, weight and age data for children under 5 years old.Results:Under the most conservative assumptions about measurement error, the stunting rate falls by 4 percentage points for the most recent DHS round, while assuming higher levels of measurement error reduces the stunting rate more dramatically.Conclusions:Researchers should be aware of and adjust for data quality concerns in calculating stunting rates for cross-survey comparisons or in communicating to policy makers.
Distribution Differences in the EPSPS Gene in Chromosomes Between Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Authors: Chen Jingchao , Cui Hailan , Ma Xiaoyan , Ma Yan , Li Xiangju 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Glyphosate is a popular herbicide used to control goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], one of the most troublesome weeds in cotton fields. However, high selection pressure has led to some populations being difficult to control in cotton fields in China. In this study, levels of glyphosate resistance were quantified and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) amplification was confirmed. In addition, distribution of the EPSPS gene among the chromosomes was also investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methodology. One population (AHCZ) was confirmed to be glyphosate resistant with a resistance index of 3.4 and significantly reduced shikimate accumulation compared to susceptible population. All examined individuals exhibited no mutations in the EPSPS gene in AHCZ. Expression and copy numbers of EPSPS in the AHCZ population were 5.7 and 15.4 times higher, respectively, than in the susceptible population. A positive correlation was identified between signal intensities of primary anti-EPSPS antibody and copy numbers of the EPSPS protein, as indicated by immunoblot analysis. FISH results revealed that, in mitotic metaphase chromosomes, signals were observed dispersed across two sets of homologous chromosomes in a resistant individual (copy number = 31), while in susceptible individuals, signals were only partially detected in one set of homologous chromosomes. In interphase nuclei, EPSPS signals were brightest in resistant individual compared to those that were susceptible. In conclusion, one E. indica population from a cotton field in the Anhui Province has evolved resistance to glyphosate, and EPSPS gene amplification was confirmed as the resistant mechanism.
Waiting for Forcot: Accelerating FORC Processing 100× Using a Fast‐Fourier‐Transform Algorithm
Authors: Berndt Thomas A. , Chang Liao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFirst‐order reversal‐curves (FORC) are a widely used tool to analyze magnetic mineralogy and domain states, but require extensive processing—in particular, smoothing—to be plotted as FORC diagrams. Currently, smoothing is a computationally complex task involving repeated least squares surface optimization routines, sometimes taking minutes to compute for high‐resolution FORCs (leaving users with the feeling of “waiting for Godot,” who never comes). Here we show how the same computation can be carried out much more efficiently in Fourier space and present a new FORC processing software, called Forcot. The new algorithm, combined with an improved user interface enables users to create print quality FORC diagrams within a few seconds. Processing times are shown to be reduced by factors from 2 to 100 depending on size and smoothing factor compared to existing FORC smoothing algorithms. Additionally, optimal smoothing factor can be determined directly from the noise spectrum in Fourier space and does not require repeated smoothing of diagrams as in previous programs. Finally, formatting of figures is done automatically by our software such that diagrams can be directly used for print.
Probing the Northern Chile Megathrust With Seismicity: The 2014 M8.1 Iquique Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Soto H. , Sippl C. , Schurr B. , Kummerow J. , Asch G. , Tilmann F. , Comte D. , Ruiz S. , Oncken O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe used data from >100 permanent and temporary seismic stations to investigate seismicity patterns related to the 1 April 2014 M8.1 Iquique earthquake in northern Chile. Applying a multistage automatic event location procedure to the seismic data, we detected and located ~19,000 foreshocks, aftershocks, and background seismicity for 1 month preceding and 9 months following the mainshock. Foreshocks skirt around the updip limit of the mainshock asperity; aftershocks occur mainly in two belts updip and downdip of it. The updip seismicity primarily locates in a zone of transitional friction on the megathrust and can be explained by preseismic stress loading due to slow‐slip processes and afterslip driven by increased Coulomb failure stress due to the mainshock and its largest aftershock. Afterslip further south also triggered aftershocks and repeating earthquakes in several EW striking streaks. We interpret the streaks as markers of surrounding creep that could indicate a change in fault mechanics and may have structural origin, caused by fluid‐induced failure along presumed megathrust corrugations. Megathrust aftershocks terminate updip below the seaward frontal prism in the outer continental wedge that probably behaves aseismically under velocity‐strengthening conditions. The inner wedge locates further landward overlying the megathrust's seismogenic zone. Further downdip, aftershocks anticorrelate with the two major afterslip patches resolved geodetically and partially correlate with increased Coulomb failure stress, overall indicating heterogeneous frictional behavior. A region of sparse seismicity at ~40‐ to 50‐km depth is followed by the deepest plate interface aftershocks at ~55‐ to 65‐km depth, which occur in two clusters of significantly different dip.
CircRNA-ENO1 promoted glycolysis and tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma through upregulating its host gene ENO1
Authors: Zhou Jiayu , Zhang Shizhen , Chen Zhoumiao , He Zhengfu , Xu Yong , Li Zhijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has long been one of the predominant reasons for the global cancer-linked mortality. The tumor progression is shown by several studies to be promoted by increased glycolysis. Enolase 1 (ENO1), as a glycolysis enzyme, performs pivotal role in glucose metabolism and contributes to tumor progression of numerous cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are catching increasing attentions for their surging roles in regulating gene expression in cancers. Our work is to uncover the regulatory mechanism circ-ENO1 on its host gene ENO1 and its function in glycolysis and tumor progression. Circ-ENO1 and its host gene ENO1 were identified to be upregulated in LUAD cells. Functionally, silencing circ-ENO1 retarded glycolysis, inhibited proliferation, migration and EMT, induced apoptosis. The cytoplasmic localization of circ-ENO1 was determined by FISH and subcellular fractionation. Mechanistically, circ-ENO1 acted as a ceRNA to interact with miR-22-3p and upregulate ENO1 expression. In vivo experiments certified that circ-ENO1 drove tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In summary, current study elucidated that circ-ENO1 promoted glycolysis and tumor progression in LUAD by miR-22-3p/ENO1 axis, indicating circ-ENO1 as a promising treatment target for LUAD patients.
Prediabetes and diabetes prevalence and risk factors comparison between ethnic groups in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hamoudi Rifat , Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes , Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh , Abusnana Salah , Aljaibeji Hayat , Taneera Jalal , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe economic growth has paralleled the rise of diabetes and its complications in multiethnic population of United Arab Emirates (UAE). Previous studies have shown that characteristics of diabetes is variable across different ethnicities. The objective of this study was to compare diabetes prevalence and risk factors between UAE nationals and different expatriate’s ethnic groups in UAE using data from UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB). The UAE nationals made one-fourth (n = 797, 25%) of total cohort and the remaining 75% belonged to immigrants. Across different ethnicities, adjusted prevalence of prediabetes ranged from 8% to 17%, while adjusted prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes ranged from 3% to 13%. UAE nationals, Arabs non-nationals and Asians had the highest number of pre-diabetic as well as newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Adjusted prevalence of diabetes was highest in UAE nationals (male 21% and female 23%) as well as Asian non-Arabs (male 23% and female 20%), where 40% of both groups fell under the range of either prediabetes or diabetes conditions. Multivariate factors of diabetes versus non-diabetes included older age, ethnicities of Asian non-Arabs and local UAE nationals, family history of diabetes, obesity, snoring, decreased level of high density lipoprotein, elevated levels of triglycerides and blood pressure. In conclusion, diabetes prevalence and risk factors vary across the different ethnic groups in UAE, and hence interventions towards identification and prevention of diabetes should not treat all patients alike.
Effort Perception is Made More Accurate with More Effort and When Cooperating with Slackers
Authors: Ibbotson Paul , Hauert Christoph , Walker Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent research on the conditions that facilitate cooperation is limited by a factor that has yet to be established: the accuracy of effort perception. Accuracy matters because the fitness of cooperative strategies depends not just on being able to perceive others’ effort but to perceive their true effort. In an experiment using a novel effort-tracker methodology, we calculate the accuracy of human effort perceptions and show that accuracy is boosted by more absolute effort (regardless of relative effort) and when cooperating with a “slacker” rather than an “altruist”. A formal model shows how such an effort-prober strategy is likely to be an adaptive solution because it gives would-be collaborators information on when to abort ventures that are not in their interest and opt for ones that are. This serves as a precautionary measure against systematic exploitation by extortionist strategies and a descent into uncooperativeness. As such, it is likely that humans have a bias to minimize mistakes in effort perception that would commit them to a disadvantageous effort-reward relationship. Overall we find support for the idea that humans have evolved smart effort detection systems that are made more accurate by those contexts most relevant for cooperative tasks.