bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physical significance of acoustic parameters and its clinical significance of dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Shu , Wang Fengbo , Yang Liqiong , Xu Fan , Luo Man , Chen Xiaqing , Feng Xixi , Zou Xianwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDysarthria is universal in Parkinson’s disease (PD) during disease progression; however, the quality of vocalization changes is often ignored. Furthermore, the role of changes in the acoustic parameters of phonation in PD patients remains unclear. We recruited 35 PD patients and 26 healthy controls to perform single, double, and multiple syllable tests. A logistic regression was performed to differentiate between protective and risk factors among the acoustic parameters. The results indicated that the mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration of speech and median intensity of speaking for the PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls. These results reveal some promising indicators of dysarthric symptoms consisting of acoustic parameters, and they strengthen our understanding about the significance of changes in phonation by PD patients, which may accelerate the discovery of novel PD biomarkers.
Two-dimensional square lattice polonium stabilized by the spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Ono Shota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolonium is known as the only simple metal that has the simple cubic (SC) lattice in three dimension. There is a debate about whether the stabilized SC structure is attributed to the scalar relativistic effect or the spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Here, we study another phase, two-dimensional (2D) polonium (poloniumene), by performing density-functional theory calculations. We show that the 2D polonium has the square lattice structure as its ground state and demonstrate that the SOC (beyond the scalar relativistic approximation) suppresses the Peierls instability and is necessary to obtain no imaginary phonon frequencies over the Brillouin zone.
Genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes
Authors: Lado Sara , Elbers Jean Pierre , Doskocil Angela , Scaglione Davide , Trucchi Emiliano , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein , Almathen Faisal , Saitou Naruya , Ciani Elena , Burger Pamela Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. With increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. As previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in dromedaries across Asia and Africa by adopting a genome-wide approach. Global patterns of effective migration rates revealed pathways of dispersal after domestication, following historic caravan routes like the Silk and Incense Roads. Our results show that a Pleistocene bottleneck and Medieval expansions during the rise of the Ottoman empire have shaped genome-wide diversity in modern dromedaries. By understanding subtle population structure we recognize the value of small, locally adapted populations and appeal for securing genomic diversity for a sustainable utilization of this key desert species.
48-jähriger Triathlet mit schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie: erfolgreiche und sichere Behandlung mit Sauerstoff und CPAP
Authors: Stais P. , Salloum O. , Kühle D. , Fisteag S. , Kambartel K. , Veelken D. , Ewig S. , Voshaar T. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungWir präsentieren den Fall eines 48-jährigen Patienten und Triathleten mit einer schweren COVID-19- und beidseitiger ausgedehnter Pneumonie. Der Patient präsentierte sich an Tag 7 seit Symptombeginn mit Fieber, Husten, Gliederschmerzen, progredienter Dyspnoe sowie einer schweren hypoxämischen Insuffizienz (PaO2 49,9 mmHg, PaCO2 35,7 mmHg, Horovitz-Index 130). In der CT des Thorax zeigten sich ausgedehnte beidseitige Milchglasinfiltrate. Formal waren die Kriterien eines ARDS nach Berlin-Definition erfüllt. Es erfolgte entlang eines vorbestehenden definierten Behandlungskonzeptes zunächst eine Therapie mit Sauerstoff und nach zwischenzeitlicher Verschlechterung eine CPAP-Behandlung. Der Patient stabilisierte sich und konnte nach 12 Tagen stationärer Behandlung mit einer Normoxämie unter Raumluft entlassen werden. Belastbarkeit, Lungenfunktion und die CT des Thorax waren bei einer Nachuntersuchung 6 Wochen nach der Entlassung wieder normal.Dieser Fall zeigt, dass auch bei einer schweren Hypoxämie infolge einer beidseitigen COVID-19 Pneumonie eine invasive Beatmung erfolgreich vermieden werden kann.
Left Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis after Left Lower Lobectomy in a Case of Adulthood Type 2 Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Presenting with Left Hemiparesis
Authors: Sharma Raghava , Hussain Syed Mohammed , Gopalkrishnan Mundayat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a known complication after lung transplantation but has rarely been reported after lower lobectomy or bilobectomy. We report a case of a left PVT extending into left atrium along with left hemiparesis following an uneventful left lower lobectomy in a case of adult congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation type 2 (CCAM). CCAM being rare in adults further its association with PVT following lower lobectomy makes this case an unusual interesting case.
Oxygen-vacancy-induced atomic and electronic reconstructions in magnetic Sr(Ti0.875Fe0.125)O3-δ thin films
Authors: Liang Yi , Luo Zhongshen , Wu Sihui , Yang Yang , Qin Yi , Wu Shuyang , Ji Yanda , Lu Hao , Liu Guozhen , Jiang Yucheng , Wang Jun , Yang Hao , Zhao Run , Ma Chunlan , Gao Ju 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The atomic and electronic structures have been investigated for the multiferroic behavior in the perovskite oxides, which also can be tuned by oxygen vacancy for enhancing properties. Here epitaxial Sr(Ti0.875Fe0.125)O3-δ
thin films were deposited on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition and were post-annealed in an oxygen atmosphere. We found that the oxygen vacancies formed in high vacuum are the source of the macroscopic crystal distortion as the growth strain along out-of-plane. Moreover, it was determined that the full-filled Fe 3d states induced by oxygen vacancy effect are responsible for the decreased magnetization. This work demonstrates that the oxygen vacancy can both lead to atomic and electronic reconstructions in the perovskite films for manipulating ferroic properties.
Differential Gene Set Enrichment Analysis: a statistical approach to quantify the relative enrichment of two gene sets
Authors: Joly James H , Lowry William E , Graham Nicholas A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is an algorithm widely used to identify statistically enriched gene sets in transcriptomic data. However, GSEA cannot examine the enrichment of two gene sets or pathways relative to one another. Here we present Differential Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (DGSEA), an adaptation of GSEA that quantifies the relative enrichment of two gene sets.

Results
After validating the method using synthetic data, we demonstrate that DGSEA accurately captures the hypoxia-induced coordinated upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. We also show that DGSEA is more predictive than GSEA of the metabolic state of cancer cell lines, including lactate secretion and intracellular concentrations of lactate and AMP. Finally, we demonstrate the application of DGSEA to generate hypotheses about differential metabolic pathway activity in cellular senescence. Together, these data demonstrate that DGSEA is a novel tool to examine the relative enrichment of gene sets in transcriptomic data.

Availability and implementation
DGSEA software and tutorials are available at https://jamesjoly.github.io/DGSEA/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring theadjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds
Authors: Magallanes Sergio , Møller Anders Pape , Luján-Vega Charlene , Fong Esteban , Vecco Daniel , Flores-Saavedra Wendy , García-Longoriaa Luz , de Lope Florentino , Iannacone José A , Marzal Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms, which impose important selective forces upon their hosts. Thus, in accordance with the Adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis, it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by parasites. According to the latitudinal gradient in diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the equator. The uropygial gland is an important defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in birds. Size of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their hosts. Therefore, we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher latitudes. However, this hypothesis has not yet been explored. Here, we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical (Peru) and 3 temperate areas (Spain). Relative uropygial gland volume was 12.52% larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate areas. This finding is consistent with the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by parasites. We also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection, showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection, regardless of their geographical origin. This result provides additional support for the assumption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.
Patient-derived cells from recurrent tumors that model the evolution of IDH-mutant glioma
Authors: Jones Lindsey E , Hilz Stephanie , Grimmer Matthew R , Mazor Tali , Najac Chloé , Mukherjee Joydeep , McKinney Andrew , Chow Tracy , Pieper Russell O , Ronen Sabrina M , Chang Susan M , Phillips Joanna J , Costello Joseph F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) evolve under the selective pressure of therapy, but well-characterized patient-derived cells (PDCs) modeling evolutionary stages are lacking. IDH-mutant LGGs may develop therapeutic resistance associated with chemotherapy-driven hypermutation and malignant progression. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize PDCs, single-cell-derived PDCs (scPDCs), and xenografts (PDX) of IDH1-mutant recurrences representing distinct stages of tumor evolution.

Methods
We derived and validated cell cultures from IDH1-mutant recurrences of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. We used exome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction to examine the evolutionary stage represented by PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX relative to corresponding spatiotemporal tumor tissue and germline DNA. PDCs were also characterized for growth and tumor immortality phenotypes, and PDX were examined histologically.

Results
The integrated astrocytoma phylogeny revealed 2 independent founder clonal expansions of hypermutated (HM) cells in tumor tissue that are faithfully represented by independent PDCs. The oligodendroglioma phylogeny showed more than 4000 temozolomide-associated mutations shared among tumor samples, PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX, suggesting a shared monoclonal origin. The PDCs from both subtypes exhibited hallmarks of tumorigenesis, retention of subtype-defining genomic features, production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, and subtype-specific telomere maintenance mechanisms that confer tumor cell immortality. The oligodendroglioma PDCs formed infiltrative intracranial tumors with characteristic histology.

Conclusions
These PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX are unique and versatile community resources that model the heterogeneous clonal origins and functions of recurrent IDH1-mutant LGGs. The integrated phylogenies advance our knowledge of the complex evolution and immense mutational load of IDH1-mutant HM glioma.
Determining medical decision-making capacity in brain tumor patients: why and how?
Authors: Pace Andrea , Koekkoek Johan A F , van den Bent Martin J , Bulbeck Helen J , Fleming Jane , Grant Robin , Golla Heidrun , Henriksson Roger , Kerrigan Simon , Marosi Christine , Oberg Ingela , Oberndorfer Stefan , Oliver Kathy , Pasman H Roeline W , Le Rhun Emilie , Rooney Alasdair G , Rudà Roberta , Veronese Simone , Walbert Tobias , Weller Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Taphoorn Martin J B , Dirven Linda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain tumor patients are at high risk of impaired medical decision-making capacity (MDC), which can be ethically challenging because it limits their ability to give informed consent to medical treatments or participation in research. The European Association of Neuro-Oncology Palliative Care Multidisciplinary Task Force performed a systematic review to identify relevant evidence with respect to MDC that could be used to give recommendations on how to cope with reduced MDC in brain tumor patients.MethodsA literature search in several electronic databases was conducted up to September 2019, including studies with brain tumor and other neurological patients. Information related to the following topics was extracted: tools to measure MDC, consent to treatment or research, predictive patient- and treatment-related factors, surrogate decision making, and interventions to improve MDC.ResultsA total of 138 articles were deemed eligible. Several structured capacity-assessment instruments are available to aid clinical decision making. These instruments revealed a high incidence of impaired MDC both in brain tumors and other neurological diseases for treatment- and research-related decisions. Incapacity appeared to be mostly determined by the level of cognitive impairment. Surrogate decision making should be considered in case a patient lacks capacity, ensuring that the patient’s “best interests” and wishes are guaranteed. Several methods are available that may help to enhance patients’ consent capacity.ConclusionsClinical recommendations on how to detect and manage reduced MDC in brain tumor patients were formulated, reflecting among others the timing of MDC assessments, methods to enhance patients’ consent capacity, and alternative procedures, including surrogate consent.
Future directions for screening and treatment in congenital hearing loss
Authors: Thorpe Ryan K , Smith Richard J H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common neurosensory deficit. It results from a variety of heritable and acquired causes and is linked to multiple deleterious effects on a child's development that can be ameliorated by prompt identification and individualized therapies. Diagnosing hearing loss in newborns is challenging, especially in mild or progressive cases, and its management requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers comprising audiologists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and genetic counselors. While physiologic newborn hearing screening has resulted in earlier diagnosis of hearing loss than ever before, a growing body of knowledge supports the concurrent implementation of genetic and cytomegalovirus testing to offset the limitations inherent to a singular screening modality. In this review, we discuss the contemporary role of screening for hearing loss in newborns as well as future directions in its diagnosis and treatment.
In ovo feeding of nicotinamide riboside affects broiler pectoralis major muscle development1,2
Authors: Gonzalez John M , Jackson Ashunti R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on pectoralis major muscle (PM) development and growth. Fertilized Cobb 500 broiler eggs (N = 156; average weight of 70.3 g) were ordered by weight, and within each four egg strata, eggs were randomly assigned to treatments within a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factor 1 consisted of NR treatment with eggs receiving 0 or 250 mM NR. Factor 2 consisted of injection location, with treatments injected into either the yolk sac or albumen. Eggs were incubated at a temperature of 37 °C and a relative humidity of 40 ± 2% for the first 18 d of incubation and humidity was increased to 60 ± 2 °C for the final 3 d. On day 10 of incubation, eggs were injected in their designated location with 100 µL of 0.9% sterile saline containing the assigned NR dose. Chicks were hatched, euthanized, and morphometric measurements of the body and left PM were collected. The left PM was also analyzed for muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and density. There were no treatment × location or main effects for all body morphometric measurements (P &gt; 0.07), except chest width of chicks from eggs injected in the yolk were wider (P = 0.01) than chicks from eggs injected in the albumen. There were only treatment × location interactions for PM weight and length (P &lt; 0.01). When NR was injected into the albumen, PM weight did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, PM weight increased (P &lt; 0.01). When NR was injected into both locations, PM length increased (P &lt; 0.01), but increased to a greater extent when NR was injected into the yolk sac. There were treatment main effects for PM width and depth (P &lt; 0.01), with NR injected chicks having PM with greater width and depth. There were no treatment × location or main effects for PM fiber CSA (P &gt; 0.06). There was a treatment × location interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for fiber density. When NR was injected into the albumen, fiber density did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, fiber density increased (P &lt; 0.01). Injecting NR into the yolk sac of the developing embryo at day 10 of incubation increased PM development which was due to an increase in muscle density.
The Role of Power in Health Care Conflict: Recommendations for Shifting Toward Constructive Approaches
Authors: Bochatay Naike , Kuna Ágnes , Csupor Éva , Pintér Judit Nora , Muller-Juge Virginie , Hudelson Patricia , Nendaz Mathieu R. , Csabai Marta , Bajwa Nadia M. , Kim Sara 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The combination of power and conflict is frequently reported to have a detrimental impact on communication and on patient care, and it is avoided and perceived negatively by health care professionals. In view of recent recommendations to explicitly address power and conflict in health professions education, adopting more constructive approaches toward power and conflict may be helpful. This study examined the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural contexts to make recommendations for promoting more constructive approaches.

Method
The authors used social bases of power (positional, expert, informational, reward, coercive, referent) identified in the literature to examine the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural settings. They drew upon semistructured interviews conducted from 2013 to 2016 with 249 health care professionals working at health centers in the United States, Switzerland, and Hungary, in which participants shared stories of conflict they had experienced with coworkers. The authors used a directed approach to content analysis to analyze the data.

Results
The social bases of power tended to be comparable across sites and included positional, expert, and coercive power. The rigid hierarchies that divide health care professionals, their professions, and their specialties contributed to negative experiences in conflicts. In addition, the presence of an audience, such as supervisors, coworkers, patients, and patients’ families, prevented health care professionals from addressing conflicts when they occurred, resulting in conflict escalation.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that fostering more positive approaches toward power and conflict could be achieved by using social bases of power such as referent power and by addressing conflicts in a more private, backstage, manner.
Medical-Grade Honey for the Treatment of Extravasation-Induced Injuries in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Smaropoulos Eleftherios , Cremers Niels A. J. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Preterm neonates often depend on peripheral intravenous administration of nutrition and medication. Since their skin is not fully developed and very vulnerable, extravasation injury is a risk. Medical-grade honey (MGH) possesses antimicrobial activity and stimulates wound healing; although its use in neonatal patients is limited.Clinical Findings:We present a case series of 7 preterm neonates (28-36 weeks of gestation) with extravasation injuries secondary to peripheral intravenous administration of total parental nutrition and medication.Primary Diagnosis:Extravasation injury following the unintentional leakage of total parenteral nutrition, and medication into the surrounding tissue. Signs of extravasation include local pain, erythema, burning, pruritus, and/or swelling.Interventions:All extravasation injuries were treated with daily cleaning and application of MGH. Some of the cases needed additional surgical intervention or assisted debridement.Outcomes:After treatment, all extravasation injury wounds presented with granulation tissue formation progressed to normal epithelialization and closed in 7 to 67 days (median: 32 days). Upon initial application, peripheral edema and inflammation decreased. When present, necrotic tissue was effectively debrided, slough was removed, and no signs of infection were detected, irrespective of initial wound presentations. Cicatrization was minimal, and the full range of motion was preserved in all cases.Practice Recommendations:Continuous and thorough assessment of peripheral intravenous line placement for malposition, leaking, and signs of extravasation is needed for fast discovery and prevention of further damage.Conclusion:Medical-grade honey possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activity, enhancing wound healing. Medical-grade honey was safe and effective for treating extravasation-induced injuries, independent of location and severity. We recommend MGH for treating extravasation wounds and consideration for other types of wounds.