bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Low Sexual Desire with Associated Distress Across the Adult Life Span: An Australian Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zheng Jia , Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Skiba Marina A. , Davis Susan R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Although hypoactive sexual desire dysfunction (HSDD; low sexual desire with personal distress) negatively impacts well-being, contemporary life-course prevalence data for HSDD are lacking.

Aim
To document, in an epidemiologic study, the prevalence of low sexual desire with associated distress (epidemiological HSDD [eHSDD]), and associated psychosocial factors in Australian women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 10,554 women, aged 18–79 years, recruited from the community was performed.

Main Outcome Measures
Low desire was determined by corresponding questions in the Profile of Female Sexual Function and Female Sexual Function Index. HSDD was defined as having a low desire and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised score of ≥11.

Clinical Translation
Clinicians need to be aware that young women often experience sexually related distress whereas low desire with associated distress is most common in women at midlife.

Results
The majority of the participants were partnered (66.5%) and 38.9% were recently sexually inactive. Low desire prevalence increased from age 18–24 years to 75–79 years (27.4%, 95% CI 25.5–29.3 vs 91.6%, 95% CI 88.3–94.1, P &lt; .001). Just over half of all participants aged 25–39 years had sexually related personal distress, after which the prevalence declined with age (P &lt; .001). 10,259 participants provided sufficient information for eHSDD classification. eHSDD increased from age 18–24 years (12.2%, 95% CI 10.8–13.7) to 40–44 years (33.4%, 95% CI 28.5–38.8), remained constant until 60–64 years (33.1%, 95% CI 28.3–38.4), and progressively declined to 7.3% (95% CI 4.8–10.9) by 75–79 years. HSDD was significantly, positively associated with being partnered (P &lt; .001), sexually inactive (P &lt; .001), more educated (P = .001), and psychotropic medication use (P &lt; .001), and negatively with Asian ethnicity (P &lt; .001).

Strengths & Limitations
This study involved the assessment of desire using a single question derived from the Profile of Female Sexual Function or the Female Sexual Function Index.

Conclusion
eHSDD is most prevalent at midlife. Furthermore, the likelihood of eHSDD is greater for women who are partnered, sexually inactive, more educated, or taking psychotropic medications. Taken together these findings should aid health professionals in identifying women most at risk of eHSDD.
Numerical Prediction of Residual Deformation and Failure for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts
Authors: Lyu D.D. , Hu W. , Ren B. , Pan X.F. , Wu C. T. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTResidual deformation and failure are two critical issues in powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) of metal products. Residual deformation caused by the non-uniform residual stress distribution dramatically affects the quality of AM product and can result in catastrophic failure in operation. Therefore, the development of an effective numerical approach to predict residual deformation and failure characteristics of AM product is always a major concern in industrial applications.In this paper, a numerical approach in predicting residual distortion, stress and failure in AM products is presented. The conventional inherent strain method used in welding process is modified to consider the specific characteristic of AM process, such as the influences of reheating and scanning pattern. This approach consists of three simulation steps including a detailed process simulation in small-scale, a onetime static mechanical finite element analysis in part-scale, and a material failure analysis. First, the inherent strains are calculated from a thermo-mechanical process simulation in small-scale, which considers AM process parameters, such as laser power, scanning speed and path. The physical state in deposited materials including powder, liquid and solid states are taken into account in the simulation by specifying the solidus and liquidus temperature and corresponding material properties. Then the inherent strains are applied layer by layer to the part-scale simulation, where the residual distortion and stress can be predicted efficiently. Finally, a Lagrange particle method is utilized to study the failure characteristics of AM products. Numerical examples are studied to investigate the effectiveness and applicability of present approach.
Spraying Small Water Droplets Acts as a Bacteriocide
Authors: Dulay Maria T. , Lee Jae Kyoo , Mody Alison C. , Narasimhan Ramya , Monack Denise M. , Zare Richard N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisinfectants are important for arresting the spread of pathogens in the environment. Frequently used disinfectants are often incompatible with certain surfaces, expensive and can produce hazardous by-products. We report that micron-sized water droplets can act as an effective disinfectant, which were formed by spraying pure bulk water with coaxial nebulizing airflow. Spraying for 20 min onto Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on stainless-steel discs caused inactivation of over 98% of the bacteria. Control experiments resulted in less than 10% inactivation (water stream only and gas only) and 55% inactivation with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Experiments have shown that cell death results from cell wall destruction. We suggest that the combined action of reactive oxygen species present in water droplets (but not in bulk water) along with the droplet surface charge is responsible for the observed bactericidal activity.
The GreatestAporiain theParmenides(133b-134e) and the Reciprocity ofProsRelations
Authors: Abaci Uygar 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe extant attempts in the literature to refute the greatest difficulty argument in theParmenideshave focused on denying the parallelism between theprosrelations among Forms and those among particulars. However, these attempts are unsatisfactory, for the argument can reach its conclusion that we cannot know any Forms without relying on this parallelism. I argue that a more effective strategy is to deny the more essential premise that the knowledge-object relation is aprosrelation. This premise is false becauseprosrelations require definitional and ontological codependence between the relata, and the knowledge-object relation does not satisfy this reciprocity condition.
Community grid management is an important measure to contain the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)
Authors: Ling Chen , Wen Xianjie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), declared as a ‘global pandemic’ by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The outbreak in multiple locations shows a trend of accelerating spread around the world. China has taken a series of powerful measures to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to actively finding effective treatment drugs and developing vaccines, it is more important to identify the source of infection at the community level as soon as possible to block the transmission path of the virus to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The implementation of grid management in the community and the adoption of precise management and control measures to reduce unnecessary personnel movement can effectively reduce the risk of pandemic spread. This paper mainly describes that the grid management mode can promote the refinement and comprehensiveness of community management. As a management system with potential to improve the governance ability of community affairs, it may be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic in the community.
A focused solution to the avoidance problem
Authors: CRARY KARL 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn ML-style module type theory, sealing often leads to situations in which type variables must leave scope, and this creates a need for signatures that avoid such variables. Unfortunately, in general, there is no best signature that avoids a variable, so modules do not always enjoy principal signatures. This observation is called theavoidance problem.In the past, the problem has been circumvented using a variety of devices for moving variables so they can remain in scope. These devices work, but have heretofore lacked a logical foundation. They have also lacked a presentation in which the dynamic semantics is given on the same phrases as the static semantics, which limits their applications. We can provide a best supersignature avoiding a variable by fiat, by adding an existential signature that is the least upper bound of its instances. This idea is old, but a workable metatheory has not previously been worked out. This work resolves the metatheoretic issues using ideas borrowed from focused logic. We show that the new theory results in a type discipline very similar to the aforementioned devices used in prior work. In passing, this gives a type-theoretic justification for the generative stamps used in the early days of the static semantics of ML modules. All the proofs are formalized in Coq.
Preserving social equity in marketized primary care: strategies in Sweden
Authors: Winblad Ulrika , Isaksson David , Blomqvist Paula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA primary care choice reform launched in Sweden in 2010 led to a rapid growth of private providers. Critics feared that the reform would lead to an increased tendency among new, profit-driven, providers, to select patients with lower health risks. Even if open risk selection is prohibited, providers can select patients in more subtle ways, such as establishing their practices in areas with higher health status. This paper investigates to what extent strategies were employed by local governments to avoid risk selection and whether there were any differences between left- and right-wing governments in this regard. Three main strategies were used: risk adjustment of the financial reimbursements on the basis of health and/or socio-economic status of listed patients; design of patient listing systems; and regulatory requirements regarding the scope and content of the services that had to be offered by all providers. Additionally, left-wing local governments were more prone than right-wing governments to adopt risk adjustment strategies at the onset of the reform but these differences diminished over time. The findings of the paper contribute to our understanding of how social inequalities may be avoided in tax-based health care systems when market-like steering models such as patient choice are introduced.
Subduction of the Indian Plate and the Nature of the Crust Beneath Western Tibet: Insights From Seismic Imaging
Authors: Li Lun , Murphy Michael A. , Gao Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe northward extent of subducted Indian plate is a fundamental component of hypotheses explaining deformation and magmatism within the Tibetan Plateau. Yet, these aspects of the plate are debated in west Tibet. Here we report a new three‐dimensional lithospheric structure of seismic velocity and radial anisotropy under west Tibet constructed from Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps at periods of 20–167 and 20–125 s, respectively. Our results show the Indian lithospheric mantle to be subhorizontally subducted under west Tibet across the Bangong‐Nujiang suture to the Qiangtang terrane, as indicated by a prominent fast velocity anomaly accompanied with positive radial anisotropy (Vsh > Vsv). We find a positive spatial correlation of this result with information on the distribution of late Cenozoic potassic‐adakitic rocks in western Tibet. Additionally, we show that the midcrust of west Tibet is characterized by an anomalously low shear wave velocity (3.2–3.4 km/s at ~30‐km depth) and positive anisotropy, which is consistent with an estimated ~3% fraction of partial melt. We suggest that the midcrust of this region is capable of flowing and that its three‐dimensional structure shows it to extend south of the Karakoram fault (KKF), a shear zone interpreted as a barrier to crustal flow. Instead, our results are consistent with the KKF embedded in weak middle crust along with several other structures that display a pattern of distributed deformation in the western portion of the Tibetan Plateau.
Auxin-induced signaling protein nanoclustering contributes to cell polarity formation
Authors: Pan Xue , Fang Linjing , Liu Jianfeng , Senay-Aras Betul , Lin Wenwei , Zheng Shuan , Zhang Tong , Guo Jingzhe , Manor Uri , Van Norman Jaimie , Chen Weitao , Yang Zhenbiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCell polarity is fundamental to the development of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, yet the mechanisms behind its formation are not well understood. Here we found that, phytohormone auxin-induced, sterol-dependent nanoclustering of cell surface transmembrane receptor kinase 1 (TMK1) is critical for the formation of polarized domains at the plasma membrane (PM) during the morphogenesis of cotyledon pavement cells (PC) in Arabidopsis. Auxin-induced TMK1 nanoclustering stabilizes flotillin1-associated ordered nanodomains, which in turn promote the nanoclustering of ROP6 GTPase that acts downstream of TMK1 to regulate cortical microtubule organization. In turn, cortical microtubules further stabilize TMK1- and flotillin1-containing nanoclusters at the PM. Hence, we propose a new paradigm for polarity formation: A diffusive signal triggers cell polarization by promoting cell surface receptor-mediated nanoclustering of signaling components and cytoskeleton-mediated positive feedback that reinforces these nanodomains into polarized domains.
Nanoproteomics enables proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins in human serum
Authors: Tiambeng Timothy N. , Roberts David S. , Brown Kyle A. , Zhu Yanlong , Chen Bifan , Wu Zhijie , Mitchell Stanford D. , Guardado-Alvarez Tania M. , Jin Song , Ge Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTop-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics provides a comprehensive analysis of proteoforms to achieve a proteome-wide understanding of protein functions. However, the MS detection of low-abundance proteins from blood remains an unsolved challenge due to the extraordinary dynamic range of the blood proteome. Here, we develop an integrated nanoproteomics method coupling peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with top-down MS for the enrichment and comprehensive analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a gold-standard cardiac biomarker, directly from serum. These NPs enable the sensitive enrichment of cTnI (<1 ng/mL) with high specificity and reproducibility, while simultaneously depleting highly abundant proteins such as human serum albumin (>1010more abundant than cTnI). We demonstrate that top-down nanoproteomics can provide high-resolution proteoform-resolved molecular fingerprints of diverse cTnI proteoforms to establish proteoform-pathophysiology relationships. This scalable and reproducible antibody-free strategy can generally enable the proteoform-resolved analysis of low-abundance proteins directly from serum to reveal previously unachievable molecular details.
Immune phenotyping of diverse syngeneic murine brain tumors identifies immunologically distinct types
Authors: Khalsa Jasneet Kaur , Cheng Nina , Keegan Joshua , Chaudry Ameen , Driver Joseph , Bi Wenya Linda , Lederer James , Shah Khalid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, however, its efficacy in highly malignant brain-tumors, glioblastomas (GBM), is limited. Here, we generate distinct imageable syngeneic mouse GBM-tumor models and utilize RNA-sequencing, CyTOF and correlative immunohistochemistry to assess immune-profiles in these models. We identify immunologically-inert and -active syngeneic-tumor types and show that inert tumors have an immune-suppressive phenotype with numerous exhausted CD8 T cells and resident macrophages; fewer eosinophils and SiglecF+ macrophages. To mimic the clinical-settings of first line of GBM-treatment, we show that tumor-resection invigorates an anti-tumor response via increasing T cells, activated microglia and SiglecF+ macrophages and decreasing resident macrophages. A comparative CyTOF analysis of resected-tumor samples from GBM-patients and mouse GBM-tumors show stark similarities in one of the mouse GBM-tumors tested. These findings guide informed choices for use of GBM models for immunotherapeutic interventions and offer a potential to facilitate immune-therapies in GBM patients.
Subwavelength pixelated CMOS color sensors based on anti-Hermitian metasurface
Authors: Smalley Joseph S. T. , Ren Xuexin , Lee Jeong Yub , Ko Woong , Joo Won-Jae , Park Hongkyu , Yang Sui , Wang Yuan , Lee Chang Seung , Choo Hyuck , Hwang Sungwoo , Zhang Xiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand for essential pixel components with ever-decreasing size and enhanced performance is central to current optoelectronic applications, including imaging, sensing, photovoltaics and communications. The size of the pixels, however, are severely limited by the fundamental constraints of lightwave diffraction. Current development using transmissive filters and planar absorbing layers can shrink the pixel size, yet there are two major issues, optical and electrical crosstalk, that need to be addressed when the pixel dimension approaches wavelength scale. All these fundamental constraints preclude the continual reduction of pixel dimensions and enhanced performance. Here we demonstrate subwavelength scale color pixels in a CMOS compatible platform based on anti-Hermitian metasurfaces. In stark contrast to conventional pixels, spectral filtering is achieved through structural color rather than transmissive filters leading to simultaneously high color purity and quantum efficiency. As a result, this subwavelength anti-Hermitian metasurface sensor, over 28,000 pixels, is able to sort three colors over a 100 nm bandwidth in the visible regime, independently of the polarization of normally-incident light. Furthermore, the quantum yield approaches that of commercial silicon photodiodes, with a responsivity exceeding 0.25 A/W for each channel. Our demonstration opens a new door to sub-wavelength pixelated CMOS sensors and promises future high-performance optoelectronic systems.
Kinetic prediction of reverse intersystem crossing in organic donor–acceptor molecules
Authors: Aizawa Naoya , Harabuchi Yu , Maeda Satoshi , Pu Yong-Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the uphill spin-flip process from a triplet to a singlet excited state, plays a key role in a wide range of photochemical applications. Understanding and predicting the kinetics of such processes in vastly different molecular structures would facilitate the rational material design. Here, we demonstrate a theoretical expression that successfully reproduces experimental RISC rate constants ranging over five orders of magnitude in twenty different molecules. We show that the spin flip occurs across the singlet–triplet crossing seam involving a higher-lying triplet excited state where the semi-classical Marcus parabola is no longer valid. The present model explains the counterintuitive substitution effects of bromine on the RISC rate constants of previously unknown molecules, providing a predictive tool for material design.
The natural function of the malaria parasite’s chloroquine resistance transporter
Authors: Shafik Sarah H. , Cobbold Simon A. , Barkat Kawthar , Richards Sashika N. , Lancaster Nicole S. , Llinás Manuel , Hogg Simon J. , Summers Robert L. , McConville Malcolm J. , Martin Rowena E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThePlasmodium falciparumchloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) is a key contributor to multidrug resistance and is also essential for the survival of the malaria parasite, yet its natural function remains unresolved. We identify host-derived peptides of 4-11 residues, varying in both charge and composition, as the substrates of PfCRT in vitro and in situ, and show that PfCRT does not mediate the non-specific transport of other metabolites and/or ions. We find that drug-resistance-conferring mutations reduce both the peptide transport capacity and substrate range of PfCRT, explaining the impaired fitness of drug-resistant parasites. Our results indicate that PfCRT transports peptides from the lumen of the parasite’s digestive vacuole to the cytosol, thereby providing a source of amino acids for parasite metabolism and preventing osmotic stress of this organelle. The resolution of PfCRT’s native substrates will aid the development of drugs that target PfCRT and/or restore the efficacy of existing antimalarials.
Adaptation to feedback representation of illusory orientation produced from flash grab effect
Authors: Ge Yijun , Zhou Hao , Qian Chencan , Zhang Peng , Wang Lan , He Sheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdaptation is a ubiquitous property of sensory systems. It is typically considered that neurons adapt to dominant energy in the ambient environment to function optimally. However, perceptual representation of the stimulus, often modulated by feedback signals, sometimes do not correspond to the input state of the stimulus, which tends to be more linked with feedforward signals. Here we investigated the relative contributions to cortical adaptation from feedforward and feedback signals, taking advantage of a visual illusion, the Flash-Grab Effect, to disassociate the feedforward and feedback representation of an adaptor. Results reveal that orientation adaptation is exclusively dependent on the perceived rather than the retinal orientation of the adaptor. Combined fMRI and EEG measurements demonstrate that the perceived orientation of the Flash-Grab Effect is indeed supported by feedback signals in the cortex. These findings highlight the important contribution of feedback signals for cortical neurons to recalibrate their sensitivity.
High-performance coherent optical modulators based on thin-film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Xu Mengyue , He Mingbo , Zhang Hongguang , Jian Jian , Pan Ying , Liu Xiaoyue , Chen Lifeng , Meng Xiangyu , Chen Hui , Li Zhaohui , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coherent transmission technology using digital signal processing and advanced modulation formats, is bringing networks closer to the theoretical capacity limit of optical fibres, the Shannon limit. The in-phase/quadrature electro-optic modulator that encodes information on both the amplitude and the phase of light, is one of the underpinning devices for the coherent transmission technology. Ideally, such modulator should feature a low loss, low drive voltage, large bandwidth, low chirp and compact footprint. However, these requirements have been only met on separate occasions. Here, we demonstrate integrated thin-film lithium niobate in-phase/quadrature modulators that fulfil these requirements simultaneously. The presented devices exhibit greatly improved overall performance (half-wave voltage, bandwidth and optical loss) over traditional lithium niobate counterparts, and support modulation data rate up to 320 Gbit s−1. Our devices pave new routes for future high-speed, energy-efficient, and cost-effective communication networks.