bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Corneal Refractive Surgery in Soldiers from a Specific Region, China
Authors: Shao Wei-Yang , Jia Hong-Zhen , Cui Bei , Cao Li-Qun , Qin Li-Wei , Zang Gui-Ming , Tian Chun-Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing numbers of young people of the appropriate age are joining the army after vision improvement by refractive surgery. However, there is little research on the long-term influence of this population and the potential impact on mission capability. Methods: A cluster sampling survey was conducted. The respondents were soldiers who planned to apply for military academies in a specific region of China in 2020. According to the Physical Examination Standards for Citizens Eligible for Enlistment and the Physical Examination Law for Citizens Eligible for Enlistment, a medical history inquiry, vision examination, color vision examination, slit-lamp examination, and personal interview were performed to obtain information regarding the patients' preoperative myopia, corneal refractive surgery method used, operation time, and symptoms of postoperative discomfort. Results: Among the 1263 soldiers who underwent the physical examination, 435 soldiers (862 eyes) had a history of corneal refractive surgery, accounting for 34.44%. Among the soldiers with a history of corneal refractive surgery, the treatment of preoperative low-grade myopia accounted for 41.61%, moderate-grade myopia accounted for 43.68%, and high-grade myopia accounted for 14.71%. Regarding the surgical methods used, small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) accounted for 23.44%, excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) accounted for 66.67%, and trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) accounted for 9.89%. The postoperative time was 2.76 ± 1.01 years. Soldiers with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) ≤ 4.9 accounted for 3.94%, and soldiers with UCVA > 4.9 accounted for 96.06%. Slit-lamp examination found no surgical complications affecting visual function, such as dry eye syndrome, corneal infection, corneal haze (above grade 3), and corneal epithelial implantation. Conclusion: The proportion of soldiers who have undergone corneal refractive surgery has significantly increased, and LASIK is the main surgical method used. The impact of complications related to corneal refractive surgery on the army should be emphasized, and health education and reasonable training should be strengthened to avoid eye-related diseases.
Effect of Circhipk3 on Polarization of Microglial Cells in Nerve Injury Caused by Heat Radiation
Authors: Lei Wang , Yiming Shen , Baofeng Zhu , Chen Qian , Yi Zhang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Circular RNAs play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of nerve damage and related diseases, but there is little research on non-coding RNAs in heat sickness, especially circRNAs, and there has been no report on the mechanism of fever progression.Methods: 1. Mice were randomly divided into a control group, a heat radiation disease 0.8 h group (HS 0.8), 8 h group (HS 8), 24 h group (HS 24). By establishing a mouse model of heat shock (HS), heat-damaged brain tissue was obtained, microglia were isolated. 2. QPCR was used to detect M1 and M2 marker molecules in microglia, and to evaluate the polarization direction and type of microglia. 3. The expression level of circhipk3 in microglial cells, and the effect of circhipk3 on microglial polarization was determined by determining the expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells.Results: The expressions of CD45 and CD11-b in the HS 8 group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while the expressions of CD45 and CD11-b in the HS 24 group were significantly lower than those in the HS 8 group. At the same time, the expression of CD206, FIZZ, and Arg1 in the HS 8 group began to increase compared with the normal group, while CD206, FIZZ, and Arg1 in the HS 24 group significantly increased when compared with the normal group. Circhipk3 mimics significantly increased the expression of Arg1 and inhibited the expressions of CD45 and HO-1, while the circhipk3 inhibitor promoted the expressions of CD45 and HO-1 and inhibited the expression of Arg1. Conclusion: Microglial cells were the main M1-type in early neurological injury of heat radiation disease. HO-1 may be one of the microglial M1-type markers. The high expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells mainly promoted its transformation to the M2 type.
Primary Cutaneous Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, with Extensive Skin Lesions: A Case Report with Immune Cell Shift
Authors: Hongjian Xie , Yujie Shi , Lingfei Kong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (PC-ENKTL), is a rare entity of malignancies of NK cells or cytotoxic T cells, characterized by an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Despite its aggressive behavior, PC-ENKTL is mostly found as a localized disease. Data regarding PC-ENKTL with generalized skin lesions have only rarely been characterized in clinical studies so far. Case presentation: We present a case of PC-ENKTL, nasal type, in a 38-year–old female with a history of disseminated cutaneous plaques, ulcers and painful nodules that originated in her right leg skin as a small raised papule and expanded quickly over the entire body, ranging in diameter from 1 cm to 6 cm. The patient did not show any involvement of other sites except skin. Histologic, immunophenotypic, genetic and clinical features consistent with the diagnosis of primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. The status of immune cells was analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and revealed negative stain for CD163, CD68, programmed cell death (PD-1)/programmed cell death l ligand 1(PD-L1), and FoxP3. Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was planned but the patient was experienced disease progression and died at 3 months as a result of lymphoma.Conclusions: In contrast to NK/T-cell lymphoma with localized disease, PC-ENKTL with generalized skin lesions tend to be more aggressive, with short survival and extremely poor response to therapy. We propose that the immune cell shift may be related to the severity of the patient.
SWOT Analysis of Risk Communication during COVID-19 Responses in Ethiopian Higher Educations
Authors: Zikargae Mekonnen Hailemariam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: this study aimed to evaluate the risk communication regarding COVID-19 preventions in Ethiopian higher education institutions. Ethiopia is one of the 213 countries which affected by COVID-19. Since it appeared in the country different risk responses are underway to minimize the impacts in different sectors of the country. Ethiopian higher educations are among those sectors that are affected by the pandemic. Universities engaged as a task force in the response process. Universities are engaged in the national response scheme. Every attempt to risk communication is an endeavor to tackle the impact that transcends across the globe. Methods: the study used the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis on the experiences of Ethiopian higher education, task force, risk communication response to COVID-19 pandemic since the announcement of the outbreak by WHO as a pandemic. The government put a huge effort in risk communication to reduce the impact of COVID-19. The data sources include research conducted by the university staffs, risk communication working papers prepared to the Ethiopian contexts, different websites and media sources were used. Web-search approach used to gather most important performances and challenges of higher education. Results: the findings show that higher education as a task force contributed to the national efforts based on research, humanitarian assistance, online meetings, E-learning and conferences. Research conducted focused on KAP’s. There were no clinical based research. The research by academicians are almost nil. E-learning is developed to support disrupted higher education in Ethiopia. Thus, postgraduate could be facilitated out of the campus through E-learning. However, the E-learning has the weakest to support undergraduate and even the postgraduate programs. Internet infrastructure and acculturation of students’ E-Learning are problematic.Conclusion: the total effort of risk communication at Ethiopian higher education is minimal and not well organized. The challenges are the remaining home works to the universities. I suggest that risk communication strategies and research based solutions have to be evaluated and revisited to curb the impacts of COVID-19 in higher education.
Visual Pathway Alterations after Severe Acute Occupational Elemental Mercury Poisoning: Report of a Series of 29 Cases
Authors: Pastor-Idoate Salvador , Coco-Martin Rosa M , Zabalza Iratxe , Lantigua Yrvani , Fernández Itziar , Pérez-Castrillón Jose Luis , Cuadrado Ruben , Lazaro Jose Alberto de , Morejon Angela , Dueñas-Laita Antonio , Pastor Jose Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are almost no available data on retinal involvement after acute exposure to high concentrations mercury and the available reports are on a small number of patients that suffered chronic expposure. The purpose of this paper is to report visual findings in 29 workers exposed to very high concentrations of mercury vapor in a factory in northern Spain in 2012.METHODS: Twenty-nine patients and 16 controls were evaluated in a comparative case series. Fifteen of the 29 workers underwent belated chelation for heavy metal intoxication, only 3 in a prompt way. The mercury levels in blood and urine samples, visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field (VF), color discrimination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were recorded. The pattern reversal visual-evoked potentials (PRVEP), full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ffERG/mfERG), pattern electroretinography (PERG), systemic symptoms, presence of erethism, and electromyography (EMG) were also gathered. A descriptive analysis was performed. The evolution of patients who did not undergo chelation (group 1), those who underwent late chelation (group 2), and those with deep VF defects (group 3) were compared with a control group. The correlations between variables also were studied.RESULTS: The VA was affected slightly. The loss of CS in at least one of four spatial frequencies and color vision alterations occurred in 96.5% (n=28) and 44.8% (n=13), respectively, in the entire group. VF alterations were identified in 72.4% (n=21). No morphologic changes were seen in the OCT scans. Latencies over 100 milliseconds and reduced amplitudes of P100 were found in the PRVEP. The ffERG and PERG results suggested that both the outer and inner retinal processes were involved. The mfERG indicated reduced parafoveal retinal function. Twenty-six workers exhibited symptoms of erethism. The EMG showed sensorimotor polyneuropathy and multiple mononeuropathy alterations. Significant negative correlations among blood mercury levels, VA, and ffERG were observed.CONCLUSION: Advanced visual functions were impaired significantly independent of the mercury levels. Delayed chelation was not beneficial. Although neurologic and visual pathway involvement was clearly demonstrated, this study also showed clear functional retinal participation in impaired vision.
Ecological and Evolutionary Alterations in Graves’ Disease Gut Microbiome Reveal Specific Diagnostic Biomarkers
Authors: Zhu Qiyun , Hou Qiangchuan , Huang Shi , Ou Qianying , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Huo Dongxue , Cen Chaoping , Cantu Victor , Estaki Mehrbod , Chang Haibo , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Kim Ho-Cheol , Chen Kaining , Knight Rob , Zhang Jiachao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Graves’ Disease (GD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease and has been linked in small pilot studies to taxonomic markers within the gut microbiome. However, the small sample size and limited resolution of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology limited the universality and significance of these studies. Larger cohorts and integration of different levels of analysis from high-resolution shotgun metagenomics data were therefore needed to explore the GD patients’ alteration in gut microbial taxonomy, genes, pathways and functions, metabolites, and mutational spectra, to establish robust microbial biomarkers at these levels for GD diagnosis.Results: Here, we studied 162 gut microbiomes of mild and severe Graves’ disease (GD) patients and healthy controls. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and inferred metabolomics were applied to describe the intestinal microbial characteristics and microbial mutations of GD patients. Then, combined biomarkers were identified from machine learning. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis to confirm the specificity of these biomarkers across different metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Taxonomic and functional analyses based on metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and MAG-annotated genes, together with predicted metabolic functions and metabolite profiles, revealed a bipartite co-occurrence network of MAGs, genes and clinical indexes separating healthy from GD subjects. A supervised classification model identified a combination of biomarkers including microbial species, MAGs, genes and SNPs, with predictive power superior to models from any single biomarker type (AUC=0.98). Global, cross-disease meta-analysis of gut microbiomes revealed high specificity of these GD biomarkers, notably discriminating against Parkinson’s Disease, and suggesting that non-invasive stool-based diagnostics will be useful for these diseases.Conclusions: This work extended our understanding of the microbial ecology and evolution of GD pathogenesis, and developed a useful predictive model for GD diagnosis based on intestinal microbial biomarkers.
Systematic Analysis of the Function and Prognostic Value of RNA-Binding Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: WU TONG , Yang Zhiyun , Yang Yuying , Jiang Yuyong , Meng Peipei , Liu Huimin , Zhang Qiaoli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and are closely related to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis. The role of RBPs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, we conducted a systematic bioinformatics analysis of abnormally expressed RBPs in HCC, with the aim of identifying the prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.Methods: HCC RNA sequencing data downloaded from TCGA database were used to determine the differentially expressed RBPs in livery cancer and normal tissues, followed by performing functional enrichment analysis and visualization of interaction relationships. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were subsequently used to identify RBPs that were significantly related to the prognosis to construct a prognostic model. The predictive performance of the prognostic model was evaluated by survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and verified in the test cohort. Human protein atlas online database was used to verify the expression level of RBPs in the prognostic model.Results: In total, 82 differentially expressed RBPs were identified, including 55 upregulated and 27 downregulated RBPs. Further functional enrichment and interaction analyses showed that the differentially expressed RBPs were mainly related to regulating of mRNA metabolic process, RNA catabolic, mRNA catabolic process, and macromolecule methylation. Five RBP genes, LIN28B, SMG5, PPARGC1A, LARP1B, and ANG were identified as prognostic-related genes and used to construct the prognostic model. The predictive ability of the prognostic model was verified in the test cohort. ROC curve analysis showed that the prognostic model had good sensitivity and specificity. Independent prognostic analysis showed that the risk score may be an independent prognostic factor for HCC.Conclusion: This study constructed a reliable prognostic prediction model by analyzing the differentially expressed RBPs of HCC, facilitating the identification of HCC prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Risk Perception of COVID-19 in the German Internet Media and its epidemiological consequences during first wave of infections - exploration of possible research topic
Authors: Jarynowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and COVID-19 disease, there is an urgent need to analyze epidemic perception in Germany. This would enable authorities for preparation of specific actions minimizing public health and economic risks. The aim of this article is to singal possible research activities for future research.The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate perception of COVID-19 in German Media (Twitter, Google, Youtube and selection of news articles) in the Internet by infodemiological approach. We proposed quantitative Media analysis as Retrospective and for future Prospective observatory analysis of secondary data. We attempt to analyze main discourses via natural language processing tools (such as topic modelling and sentiment analysis), multilayer and temporal network analysis of accounts/words/topics and time series analysis.There were just a few previous works quantitatively linking Internet activities and risk perception of infectious diseases in Germany. Traditional and social media do not only reflect reality, but also create it. German authorities, having a reliable analysis of the perception of the problem, could optimally prepare and manage the social dimension of the epidemic.The analysis of electronic media makes it possible to analyze the problem perception in Germany and early detect possible behavioral changes (e.g. fear, anxiety) associated with the epidemic, which is crucial for a targeted response and tailored containment scenarios to minimize public health risks. Mistrust of governmental measures implementation has fulled Querdenken movement - an unlikely alliance of far-right and left-wing, as well as conspiracy theorists.Being aware of many shortcomings of computational/digital epidemiology and its exploratory approach, it provides us with an opportunity to analyze a huge amount of digital footprint data at low cost and in a short time.There is no confict of interest.
Characteristic of mutant sequences&nbsp;in human cancers
Authors: Hongchen Ji , Junjie Li , Qiong Zhang , Jingyue Yang , Xiaowen Wang , Shuang Bai , Fei Tian , Hongmei Zhang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mutation processes leave different signatures in genes. Previous studies suggested that both the mutated and flanking bases influence somatic mutation characteristics. However, the understanding of how flanking sequences influence somatic mutation characteristics is limited. Here, we constructed A long short-term memory – self organizing map (LSTM-SOM) unsupervised neural network. By extracting mutated sequence features via LSTM and clustering similar features with SOM, we obtained 10 classes of mutant sequences (named mutation blots, MBs) from 2,141,527 somatic mutations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differences features were revealed among MBs. MBs were related to clinical features, including age, sex, and cancer stage. Different kinds of MBs for specific genes may affect patient survival. Finally, we clustered the patients into 7 classes by MB composition. Significant differences in survival and clinical features were observed among different patient classes. This study provides a novel method for understanding mutant sequences and revealing the extensive relationships among mutant sequences, clinical features, and cancer patient survival.
Dynamic changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community in monoculture and intercropping maize and soybean during various crop growth stages&nbsp;
Authors: Li Han , Luo Luyun , Tang Bin , Guo Huanle , Cao Zhongyang , Zeng Qiang , Chen Songlin , Chen Zhihui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although rhizosphere microorganisms have been studied for a long time, rhizosphere microbial communities based on monoculture and intercropping soybean and maize have rarely been studied. To define the effect of crop monoculture and intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities, field experiments were conducted using maize and soybean cultivars at five different crop growth stages, including monoculture maize, monoculture soybean and maize-soybean intercropping. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by using the 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. The pH and soil organic matter (SOM) were the key factors affecting crop rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The intercropping soybean-maize increased the available phosphorus (AP) content at five different crop growth stages. And the available potassium (AK) content in the intercropping soybean soil samples was higher than corresponding monoculture soil samples. The content of available cadmium (ACd) in monoculture soybean rhizosphere soil samples decreased and then increased, but the intercropping soybean soil samples indicated an opposite trend. Proteobacteria, Chloroﬂexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the soybean and maize rhizosphere soil samples. Crops of the same plant species showed little difference in the bacterial community diversity under the two planting modes. The results indicated the intercropping planting pattern altered the absorption of ACd in the maize and soybean soil since the S2 stage and showed a different change in different crop growth stages. And the maize-soybean intercropping system also changed the bacterial community and soil physicochemical properties.