bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biohydrogen production beyond the Thauer limit by precision design of artificial microbial consortia
Authors: Ergal İpek , Gräf Oliver , Hasibar Benedikt , Steiner Michael , Vukotić Sonja , Bochmann Günther , Fuchs Werner , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDark fermentative biohydrogen (H2) production could become a key technology for providing renewable energy. Until now, the H2 yield is restricted to 4 moles of H2 per mole of glucose, referred to as the “Thauer limit”. Here we show, that precision design of artificial microbial consortia increased the H2 yield to 5.6 mol mol−1 glucose, 40% higher than the Thauer limit. In addition, the volumetric H2 production rates of our defined artificial consortia are superior compared to any mono-, co- or multi-culture system reported to date. We hope this study to be a major leap forward in the engineering of artificial microbial consortia through precision design and provide a breakthrough in energy science, biotechnology and ecology. Constructing artificial consortia with this drawing-board approach could in future increase volumetric production rates and yields of other bioprocesses. Our artificial consortia engineering blueprint might pave the way for the development of a H2 production bioindustry.
Maximizing transcription of nucleic acids with efficient T7 promoters
Authors: Conrad Thomas , Plumbom Izabela , Alcobendas Maria , Vidal Ramon , Sauer Sascha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn vitro transcription using T7 bacteriophage polymerase is widely used in molecular biology. Here, we use 5′RACE-Seq to screen a randomized initially transcribed region of the T7 promoter for cross-talk with transcriptional activity. We reveal that sequences from position +4 to +8 downstream of the transcription start site affect T7 promoter activity over a 5-fold range, and identify promoter variants with significantly enhanced transcriptional output that increase the yield of in vitro transcription reactions across a wide range of template concentrations. We furthermore introduce CEL-Seq+ , which uses an optimized T7 promoter to amplify cDNA for single-cell RNA-Sequencing. CEL-Seq+ facilitates scRNA-Seq library preparation, and substantially increases library complexity and the number of expressed genes detected per cell, highlighting a particular value of optimized T7 promoters in bioanalytical applications.
Visualization and quantitation of electronic communication pathways in a series of redox-active pillar[6]arene-based macrocycles
Authors: Rashvand Avei Mehdi , Etezadi Sedigheh , Captain Burjor , Kaifer Angel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile oxidized pillar[5]arenes with 1-5 benzoquinone units are known, very few examples of oxidized pillar[6]arenes have been reported. We describe here the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical behavior of a series of macrocyclic hosts prepared by the stepwise oxidation of 1,4-diethoxypillar[6]arene, resulting in high-yield and high-purity isolation of two constitutional isomers for each macrocycle, in which two, three or four 1,4-diethoxybenzene units are replaced by benzoquinone residues. A careful structural comparison with their counterparts in the pillar[5]arene framework indicates that the geometries of the macrocycles are better described as non-Euclidean hyperbolic hexagons and elliptic pentagons, respectively. A comprehensive computational study to determine anisotropic induced current density (ACID) allows us to visualize and quantify through-space and through-bond communication pathways along the macrocyclic belt. Experimental and simulated voltammetric data, as well as UV-vis spectra, of the new macrocycles afford insights into the various electronic communication pathways in these compounds.
Face-selective tungstate ions drive zinc oxide nanowire growth direction and dopant incorporation
Authors: Liu Jiangyang , Nagashima Kazuki , Yamashita Hiroki , Mizukami Wataru , Uzuhashi Jun , Hosomi Takuro , Kanai Masaki , Zhao Xixi , Miura Yoshinori , Zhang Guozhu , Takahashi Tsunaki , Suzuki Masaru , Sakai Daiki , Samransuksamer Benjarong , He Yong , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Yasui Takao , Aoki Yuriko , Ho Johnny C. , Baba Yoshinobu , Yanagida Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTailoring the elemental doping of inorganic nanowires remains an important challenge due to complex dopant incorporation pathways. Here we report that the face-selectivity of tungstate ions controls growth direction and dopant incorporation of hydrothermal zinc oxide nanowires. The introduction of tungstate ions on nanowire surface during synthesis unexpectedly enhances nucleation at sidewall $$\left\{ {10\bar 10} \right\}$$

10

1

¯

0

planes, while dopant incorporation occurs only on (0001) planes. This conflicting face-selective behavior leads to inhomogeneous dopant distribution. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the face-selective behavior can be interpreted in terms of the effect of coordination structure of the tungstate ions on each zinc oxide crystal plane. In addition, we demonstrate a rational strategy to control the morphology and the elemental doping of tungsten-doped zinc oxide nanowires.
Dynamic ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet driven by sustained glacier retreat
Authors: King Michalea D. , Howat Ian M. , Candela Salvatore G. , Noh Myoung J. , Jeong Seongsu , Noël Brice P. Y. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Wouters Bert , Negrete Adelaide 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at accelerated rates in the 21st century, making it the largest single contributor to rising sea levels. Faster flow of outlet glaciers has substantially contributed to this loss, with the cause of speedup, and potential for future change, uncertain. Here we combine more than three decades of remotely sensed observational products of outlet glacier velocity, elevation, and front position changes over the full ice sheet. We compare decadal variability in discharge and calving front position and find that increased glacier discharge was due almost entirely to the retreat of glacier fronts, rather than inland ice sheet processes, with a remarkably consistent speedup of 4–5% per km of retreat across the ice sheet. We show that widespread retreat between 2000 and 2005 resulted in a step-increase in discharge and a switch to a new dynamic state of sustained mass loss that would persist even under a decline in surface melt.
Typhoon-induced megarips as triggers of turbidity currents offshore tropical river deltas
Authors: Porcile Gaetano , Bolla Pittaluga Michele , Frascati Alessandro , Sequeiros Octavio E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones impose stresses on narrow and shallow continental shelves. The interaction of strong wind- and wave-induced currents with the local topography near the shore gives rise to complex flow and sediment transport patterns. Considerable uncertainty remains on the initiation mechanisms of turbidity currents, particularly in coastal oceanic settings subject to extreme weather events. Here we use state-of-the-art numerical models to investigate the implications of tropical cyclone-induced coastal circulation patterns for the generation of turbidity currents. In our simulations tropical cyclones induce megarip currents associated with shoreline curvature and rotation of incoming wave directions. These currents flush water and sediment towards submarine canyons, ultimately triggering turbidity currents into deep waters. Evidence of sediment-laden underflows, which resulted in subsea pipeline displacements, supports our hypothesis that tropical cyclone-induced megarip currents can trigger turbidity currents offshore from tropical river deltas.
Why is getting credit for your data so hard?
Authors: Haak Wouter , Zigoni Alberto , Kardinaal-de Mooij Helen , Zudilova-Seinstra Elena 
Published: August 2020

Institutions, funding bodies, and national research organizations are pushing for more data sharing and FAIR data. Institutions typically implement data policies, frequently supported by an institutional data repository. Funders
typically mandate data sharing. So where does this leave the researcher? How can researchers benefit from doing the additional work to share their data?
In order to make sure that researchers and institutions get credit for sharing their data, the data needs to be tracked and attributed first. In this paper we investigated where the research data ended up for 11 research institutions, and how this data is currently tracked and attributed. Furthermore, we also analysed the gap between the research data that is currently in institutional repositories, and where their researchers truly share their data.
We found that 10 out of 11 institutions have most of their public research data hosted outside of their own institution. Combined, they have 12% of their institutional research data published in the institutional data repositories. According to our data, the typical institution had 5% of their research data (median) published in the institutional repository, but there were 4 universities for which it was 10% or higher.
By combining existing data-to-article graphs with existing article-to- researcher and article-to-institution graphs it becomes possible to increase tracking of public research data and therefore the visibility of researchers sharing their data typically by 17x. The tracking algorithm that was used to perform analysis and report on potential improvements has subsequently been implemented as a standard method in the Mendeley Data Monitor product. The improvement is most likely an under-estimate because, while the recall for datasets in institutional repositories is 100%, that is not the case for datasets published outside the institutions, so there are even more datasets still to be discovered.
Osteoporose
Authors: Kurth Andreas , Rauschmann Michael , Hadji Peyman 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungEtwa 50 % der Frauen und 20 % der Mann ab 50 Jahren erleiden eine osteoporosebedingte Fraktur. Knochenbrüche im Alter sind die Ursache für ein erhöhtes Risiko für weitere Frakturen, eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit, zusätzliche Erkrankungen und Einschränkung der körperlichen Funktionen und dadurch reduzierte Lebensqualität und Verlust der Unabhängigkeit im täglichen Leben. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Osteoporosepatienten besteht darin, Frakturen zu verhindern.
Infiltrationen und Radiofrequenztherapie der lumbalen und zervikalen Facettengelenke und der Iliosakralgelenke: Überblick, Evidenz und Ergebnisse
Authors: Wiechert K. , Redder A. , Lohmann J. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Infiltrationen der Facettengelenke der HWS und LWS als auch der Iliosakralgelenke sind weltweit verbreitet und lang etabliert. Techniken, basierend auf röntgengestützter als auch sonografischer Bildgebung, stellen den Standard dar. Bez. der Indikationsstellung und der Ergebnisse sind die diagnostischen Infiltrationen von den therapeutischen Indikationen klar zu unterscheiden.Diagnostische Infiltrationen Die diagnostischen Infiltrationen kommen im Rahmen einer funktionellen Diagnostik zum Einsatz, um eine arthrogene Schmerzursache zu sichern. Hier sind Ramus medialis Infiltrationen und intraartikuläre Infiltrationen in Ihrer Aussagekraft identisch anzusehen. Um die Rate falsch positiver Befunde zu reduzieren, sind serielle Infiltrationsprotokolle mit unterschiedlich lang wirksamen Lokalanästhetika bzw. Placebo zu bevorzugen. Die Evidenz der Studienlage ist überschaubar, da das Ausmaß der Schmerzreduktion das entscheidende Outcome-Kriterium darstellt und Schmerz per se multifaktoriell ist. Lumbale und zervikale Facettengelenksinfiltrationen zeigen unterschiedliche Raten falsch-positiver Befunde.Therapeutische Infiltration Bei gesichert arthrogenem Schmerz können leitliniengerecht Facettengelenks- und Iliosakralgelenksinfiltrationen durchgeführt werden. Die Evidenz ist hierbei bei methodisch schwacher Studienlage allgemein mittel bis schlecht, insbesondere in Bezug auf langfristige Ergebnisse.Radiofrequenztherapie Die Radiofrequenztherapie stellt ein etabliertes Verfahren bei vertebragenen Gelenkschmerzen dar. Hier ist vorab eine gesicherte Diagnose für die Indikationsstellung unabdingbar. Es gibt unterschiedliche Behandlungstechniken. Aufgrund methodischer Probleme und einer Vielzahl von Durchführungstechniken und Begleitpathologien ist die Studienlage auch hier schwach.
Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf kardiale Amyloidose
Authors: Feldmann Korinna , Hamm Christian W. , Aßmus Birgit 
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?
Klinische Manifestation Die kardiale Transthyretin-Amyloidose (ATTR) ist als seltene Ursache einer Kardiomyopathie Teil einer unterdiagnostizierten Systemerkrankung. Für die kardiale Transthyretin-Amyloidose, bei der es zur Ablagerung von fehlgefaltetem Transthyretin kommt, entweder als Wildtyp (wtATTR) oder mutierte (mATTR) Form, sind seit kurzem evidenzbasierte Therapiemöglichkeiten mit Verlangsamung der Kardiomyopathie-Progression und deutlicher Reduktion der Hospitalisierungsraten verfügbar. Daher ist es wichtig, diese schwerwiegende Erkrankung frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren.
Diagnostik Mittels Bildgebung (kardiale MRT oder szintigrafische Verfahren) sowie Immunfixation mit Bestimmung der freien Leichtketten ist ein klinisches Screening einfach möglich, bevor mittels Biopsie und/oder Genetik die definitive Diagnose gestellt wird. Eine interdisziplinäre Aufarbeitung bei Verdacht auf kardiale Amylodiose unter Einbezug von Hämatoonkologie, Nephrologie, Neurologie und weiteren Disziplinen ist hierbei unabdingbar.
Therapie Bei Patienten mit einer kardialen Amyloidose kann eine Herzinsuffizienz-Therapie mit Betablocker, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Inhibitoren und Diuretika erfolgen, sollte allerdings aufgrund unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen vorsichtig erfolgen. Studien haben in den letzten Jahren die Wirksamkeit eines Tetramer-Stabilisators sowie von TTR-mRNA-interferierenden Therapeutika zur medikamentösen Therapie der ATTR-Amyloidose gezeigt – 9
10. Eine spezifische Zulassung zur Therapie der kardialen ATTR-Amyloidose existiert seit neuestem für den Tetramer-Stabilisator Tafamidis 11
12.
Targeted RNAseq of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue to
Differentiate Among Benign and Malignant Adrenal Cortical Tumors
Authors: Plaska Samuel W. , Liu Chia-Jen , Lim Jung Soo , Rege Juilee , Bick Nolan R. , Lerario Antonio M. , Hammer Gary D. , Giordano Thomas J. , Else Tobias , Tomlins Scott A. , Rainey William E. , Udager Aaron M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLack of routine fresh or frozen tissue is a barrier to widespread transcriptomic
analysis of adrenal cortical tumors and an impediment to translational research
in endocrinology and endocrine oncology. Our group has previously pioneered the
use of targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing for archival
formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) adrenal tissue specimens to characterize
the spectrum of somatic mutations in various forms of primary aldosteronism.
Herein, we developed and validated a novel 194-amplicon targeted next-generation
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) assay for transcriptomic analysis of adrenal tumors
using clinical-grade FFPE specimens. Targeted RNAseq-derived expression values
for 27 adrenal cortical tumors, including aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA;
n=8), cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA; n=11), and adrenal
cortical carcinomas (ACC; n=8), highlighted known
differentially-expressed genes (DEGs; i. e., CYP11B2,
IGF2, etc.) and tumor type-specific transcriptional modules
(i. e., high cell cycle/proliferation transcript expression in
ACC, etc.), and a subset of DEGs was validated orthogonally using quantitative
reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, unsupervised hierarchical
clustering using a subset of high-confidence DEGs revealed three discrete
clusters representing APA, CPA, and ACC tumors with corresponding unique gene
expression signatures, suggesting potential clinical utility for a
transcriptomic-based approach to tumor classification. Overall, these data
support the use of targeted amplicon-based RNAseq for comprehensive
transcriptomic profiling of archival FFPE adrenal tumor material and indicate
that this approach may facilitate important translational research opportunities
for the study of these tumors.
Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance of Sepsis Pathogens at a
University Hospital in New Delhi, India
Authors: Alam Md Shamshir , Kapur Prem , Pillai ParuKutty , Pillai Krishna Kolappa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the aetiological agents and its susceptibility to antimicrobial
agents enables the clinician to initiate appropriate empirical antimicrobial
therapy and guides diagnostic procedures. The aims of the study were to
identify prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing sepsis and observe their
antimicrobial resistance trends in hospitalized patients. A prospective
cohort study was conducted on patients of sepsis admitted at a university
hospital over a period of six months. Pathogens were identified by
morphological, biochemical and serological tests as per the American Society
for Microbiology. Antibacterial sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated
from clinically diagnosed sepsis was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disk
diffusion method and interpreted according Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute guidelines. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package
for Social Sciences, version 16.0 (SPSS 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Coagulase
negative Staphylococcus (63.5%) and Staphylococcus
aureus (23.1%) were the most frequently isolated Gram
positive bacteria. Acinetobacter species (31%) and
Salmonella typhi (24.1%) were the most frequently
isolated Gram negative bacteria. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus
showed significant resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Acinetobacter species showed significant resistance to
ampicillin, amoxicillin and amoxiclav. Salmonella typhi showed
significant resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, netilmicin
and, tetracycline. Escherichia coli showed significant resistance to
ampicillin and netilmicin. All the stains of Staphylococcus aureus
were resistant to amoxicillin. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and
Acinetobacter species were predominant Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria, respectively, causing sepsis. Increasing rates of
bacterial resistance to commonly use antimicrobial agents were observed.
The Impact of Cold Storage on Adenosine Diphosphate-Mediated Platelet Responsiveness
Authors: Koessler Juergen , Klingler Philipp , Niklaus Marius , Weber Katja , Koessler Angela , Boeck Markus , Kobsar Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction Cold storage of platelets is considered to contribute to lower risk of bacterial growth and to more efficient hemostatic capacity. For the optimization of storage strategies, it is required to further elucidate the influence of refrigeration on platelet integrity. This study focused on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related platelet responsiveness.Materials and Methods Platelets were prepared from apheresis-derived platelet concentrates or from peripheral whole blood, stored either at room temperature or at 4°C. ADP-induced aggregation was tested with light transmission. Activation markers, purinergic receptor expression, and P2Y12 receptor function were determined by flow cytometry. P2Y1 and P2X1 function was assessed by fluorescence assays, cyclic nucleotide concentrations by immunoassays, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)-phosphorylation levels by Western blot analysis.Results In contrast to room temperature, ADP-induced aggregation was maintained under cold storage for 6 days, associated with elevated activation markers like fibrinogen binding or CD62P expression. Purinergic receptor expression was not essentially different, whereas P2Y1 function deteriorated rapidly at cold storage, but not P2Y12 activity. Inhibitory pathways of cold-stored platelets were characterized by reduced responses to nitric oxide and prostaglandin E1. Refrigeration of citrated whole blood also led to the attenuation of induced inhibition of platelet aggregation, detectable within 24 hours.Conclusion ADP responsiveness is preserved under cold storage for 6 days due to stable P2Y12 activity and concomitant disintegration of inhibitory pathways enabling a higher reactivity of stored platelets. The ideal storage time at cold temperature for the highest hemostatic effect of platelets should be evaluated in further studies.
Special Considerations for Diabetic Foot Reconstruction
Authors: Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Park Changsik John , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuccessful reconstruction of diabetic ulcers using free flap surgery can prevent further amputation and promote limb salvage to maintain normal gait of the patient and increase the quality of life after surgery. To minimize the postoperative complication and days of stay in hospital, surgeons should thoroughly investigate the risk factors and underlying conditions, including the general condition and local factors.
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: A Series of Genetically Confirmed Four Cases from Southern India with Review of Published Literature
Authors: Bhardwaj Naveen Kumar , Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Sardesai Ashwin Vivek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with mutation on ATP1A3 gene. Delay in diagnosis and inappropriate diagnosis are common. In this article, we described four genetically confirmed AHC patients to provide an improved understanding of the disorder. First symptom in two patients was seizures and in other two patients was abnormal eye deviation. All had onset of plegic attacks within the first 18 months of their life. Tone abnormalities and movement disorders were present in all patients. Electroencephalogram was abnormal in two patients and all had normal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Response to treatment of plegic attacks was poor and also epilepsy was drug resistant. All cases had significant development delay and disability as of last follow-up. Although there is no effective treatment so far, early diagnosis is required to avoid unnecessary treatment.