bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAMENTO DE CAMPANHA: NÍVEL DE REGULAMENTAÇÃO EM PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA (CAMPAIGN FINANCE: LEVEL OF REGULATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE)
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Dalson Britto , Rocha Enivaldo Carvalho da , Silva Júnior José Alexandre da , Paranhos Ranulfo 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa o grau de regulamentação sobre as fontes de financiamento em perspectiva comparada, concedendo especial atenção ao caso do Brasil. Metodologicamente, o desenho de pesquisa adota uma abordagem multimétodo que combina estatística descritiva e multivariada com estudo de caso e análise documental. Além disso, replica-se os dados do Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) para estimar uma medida padronizada de regulação. Os resultados indicam que: (1) a média de regulamentação é de 2,17 com um desvio padrão de 1,69; e (2) comparativamente o Brasil apresenta altos níveis de controle sobre a origem dos recursos que financiam as disputas eleitorais, para as variáveis selecionadas. Com este artigo, espera-se contribuir para que eventuais processos de mudança institucional nas regras de financiamento eleitoral possam ser balizados pela experiência comparada de outros países.
MAIORIDADE PENAL NO BRASIL E NA ESPANHA: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Faria Elaine Marinho , Castro Maria Amélia Da Silva 
Published: December 2020

O trabalho traça um panorama geral da legislação referente à maioridade penal no Brasil e na Espanha. O tema é apresentado sob uma perspectiva histórica e mostra a evolução no tratamento da infância e da adolescência nos dois países. No período anterior ao século XX, tanto no Brasil como na Espanha, as crianças com menos de nove anos eram consideradas inimputáveis. Para os maiores de nove anos, o critério utilizado para a definição da inimputabilidade era a capacidade de discernimento. Esse era um critério bastante subjetivo, e a verificação da aptidão do jovem para distinguir o bem do mal era uma das decisões mais difíceis para os juízes. No início do século XX, começaram a surgir leis específicas sobre menores com o objetivo de resguardar e proteger crianças e jovens. Atualmente, a legislação sobre menores nos dois países segue os princípios previstos pelas normas internacionais. A maioridade penal está fixada em dezoito anos. A lei estabelece uma série de medidas aplicáveis aos menores sob a perspectiva socioeducativa, respeitando sempre a peculiar condição do adolescente como um ser em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do trabalho é comparar a legislação de menores e as medidas socioeducativas adotadas em ambos os países com o intuito de trazer subsídios para a busca de soluções da problemática do aumento da criminalidade infanto-juvenil em nosso país.
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Silva Terezinha Elisabeth da 
Published: December 2020

Conselho EditorialAndré Freire da Silva, Câmara dos Deputados, DFAndre Luiz Marenco dos Santos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RSAntonio Teixeira de Barros, Câmara dos Deputados, DFFabiano Guilherme Mendes Santos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJLucio Remuzat Rennó Junior, Universidade de Brasília, DFRogerio Ventura Teixeira, Câmara dos Deputados, DFPaulo Antônio Lima Costa, Câmara dos Deputados, DFRicardo de João Braga, Câmara dos Deputados, DFRoberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, Câmara dos Deputados, DFSuylan de Almeida Midlej e Silva, Universidade de Brasília, DF Comissão EditorialAntonio Teixeira de Barros, Câmara dos Deputados, DFTerezinha Elisabeth da Silva, Câmara dos Deputados, DF Conselho CientíficoAda Cristina Machado Silveira, Universidade Federal de Santa MariaAdriano Codato, Universidade Federal do ParanáAlfredo Attié Júnior, Tribunal de Justiça de São PauloAna Cláudia Niedhardt Capella, Universidade Estadual PaulistaAndrea Maria Linhares da Costa, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do NorteAparecido Reis, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulBruno de Castro Rubiatti, Universidade Federal do ParáBruno Pinheiro Wanderley Reis, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCarmen Pineda Nebot, Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica (Espanha)Claudio Reis, Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosCristina Leston-Bandeira, University of LeedsEdnaldo Aparecido Ribeiro, Universidade Estadual de MaringáElinaldo Leal Santos, Universidade Estadual do Sul da BahiaEva Anduiza, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaGuilherme Wagner Ribeiro, Assembleia Legislativa de Minas GeraisHemerson Luiz Pase, Universidade Federal de PelotasJairo Cesar Marconi Nicolau, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroFrancisco Paulo Jamil Marques, Universidade Federal do ParanáJosé Joaquim Dinis Reis,Universidade de CoimbraMarcelo Mella Polanco, Universidad de Santiago de ChileMaria do Rosário de Fátima e Silva, Universidade Federal do PiauíSandra Braman, Texas A&M UniversitySuzy dos Santos, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroSylvia Iasulaitis, Universidade Federal de São CarlosValdemir Aparecido Pires, Universidade Estadual PaulistaVera Chaia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloVitor Braga, Instituto Politécnico do Porto Revisão de TextoIsa Lima, Câmara dos Deputados, DFJairo Luis Brod, Câmara dos Deputados, DFMaristela Martha de Alcantara Silva Sampaio, Câmara dos Deputados, DFRaphael da Silva Cavalcante, Câmara dos Deputados, DFTerezinha Elisabeth da Silva, Câmara dos Deputados, DF Projeto GráficoMárcia Xavier Bandeira, Câmara dos Deputados, DFMarina Camargo Guimarães, Câmara dos Deputados, DF FotografiasBanco de imagens – SEFOT/SECOM, Câmara dos Deputados, DF
Erratum to: Buss, R. R., & Allen, J. G. (2020). Leader scholar communities: Supporting EdD students’ dissertation in practice efforts. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 5(3), 1-7.
Authors: Jones Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2020

The article Buss, R. R., & Allen, J. G. (2020). Leader scholar communities: Supporting EdD students’ dissertation in practice efforts. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 5(3), 1-7 https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2020.98 contained incorrect information for the degree title and college name of author James G. Allen. His degree has been changed from PhD to EdD and his school from College of Education and Human Services to College of Education. This error occurred as a result of inaccurate information in the manuscript which was overlooked during the journal editing phase. The online version has been corrected to reflect this change.
Case Report: General Anesthetic Management for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Paramyotonia Congenita
Authors: McGreal Analise , Slagle Daniel , Dickens Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Background: Paramytonia congenita is a rare disorder affecting skeletal muscle. Patients with this condition experience intermittent episodes of sustained myotonia, though the disease is non-progressive. Due to the predisposition for prolonged muscle contraction, special attention must be paid to anesthetic management during operative procedures to prevent complications similar to those seen in patients with malignant hyperthermia. To date, however, limited reports of anesthetic management in paramyotonia congenita are available.
Case: Therefore, the present report describes successful general anesthetic management in a patient with paramyotonia congenita using propofol and ketamine for induction, non-depolarizing rocuronium for muscle paralysis, and continuous nitric oxide and IV propofol infusion for sedation. The patient remained stable throughout the case without myotonic episodes or other complications.
Conclusion: Our report describes successful anesthetic management in a patient with paramyotonia congenita. This provides a potential management plan that may be applied to PC patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures and eliminates risk associated with succinylcholine and possibly volatile anesthetics. Further research is needed to determine whether this approach is superior to previously reported techniques, and should also aim to identify which agents may be effectively utilized to reverse a myotonic episode in PC patients should one occur intra-operatively.
Fixed Drug Eruption: A Rare Case of Polysensitivity between Two Unrelated Fixed Dose Combination Preparations - A Case Report
Authors: Kaushal Jessica , Rakesh Abhimanyu 
Published: December 2020

Background: A fixed drug eruption is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to a medication that characteristically re-emerges on the same site each time the specific drug is taken. Antimicrobials (including fixed dose combinations) are frequently implicated in fixed drug eruption while gliptins (as separate drugs or as combined preparations) on the other hand are infrequent triggers. Drugs belonging to similar classification and having similar chemical structures can show cross reactivity, but here we describe a case of cross reactivity between unrelated drug classes, also known as polysensitivity.
The Case: A 58-year-old man presented with painful, burning, and pruritic blisters with ulcerations on the oral mucosa of lips, hard palate, and tip of the tongue. The patient had been on vildagliptin - metformin fixed dose combination tablets for one year. He was asked to stop the drug and lesions started improving thereafter. A week later he suffered from gastroenteritis for which he took a combined preparation of ofloxacin and ornidazole and lesions re-appeared at the same site as before with severe itching and burning.
Conclusion: This case highlights polysensitivity amongst chemically unrelated drugs, especially available in fixed-dose combination. It is an extremely rare occurrence (less than 0.2%). Moreover, there have only been a few cases of such delayed reactions occurring to gliptins, especially vildagliptin. A clinician must keep a high index of suspicion to identify this phenomenon.
Pap Smear Readability on Google: An Analysis of Online Articles Regarding One of the Most Routine Medical Screening Tests
Authors: Parry Mark J. , Dowdle Travis S. , Steadman Jesse N. , Guerra Tiffany R. , Cox Kim L. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The Papanicolau smear (Pap smear, Pap test) is one of the most routine of all screening tests performed in medicine. Its advent and widespread use has brought a considerable decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. Unfortunately, this malignancy continues to convey significant morbidity and mortality. Much of this is the result of inadequate compliance with routine Pap smear screening, in which limited education is thought to play a role, particularly among ethnic minorities.
Methods: A Google search using the phrase “pap smears” was performed and the first fourteen Uniform Resource Locators were analyzed using four standardized readability indices: the Flesh-Kinkaid Grade Level, the SMOG index, the Gunning Fog Index and the Automated Readability Index. An average grade level readability was then obtained and compared to the AMA recommendation that health care information be written at a 5th or 6th grade reading level.
Results: The average grade level readability of the fourteen analyzed sites using four aforementioned indices were 8.86, 8.82, 11.92 and 8.35, respectfully. The total average readability after considering all four indices was 9.49, three grade levels above what the AMA has recommended.
Conclusion: The readability of commonly accessed internet information regarding Pap smears is above what is recommended by the AMA. Physicians should be cognizant of this, particularly given this is a routine healthcare test that should be undergone by nearly fifty percent of the world’s population at various points throughout their lifetime.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Associated with COVID-19 Among School Students in Bharatpur, Chitwan District of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Deepak , Bhandari Suman , Gaire Asmita , Kandel Milan , Subedi Sanju , Karki Surendra 
Published: December 2020

Background: The emergence of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, now named SARS-COV-2, which causes COVID-19 disease has now reached the pandemic level. The ongoing pandemic has already infected more than fifteen million people and over hundred thousand people around the world has died. The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of people towards this disease is important to understand to limit its transmission.
Methods: A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 secondary level students in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to assess their KAP.
Results: The majority of the students were found to be knowledgeable of the timeline of the first outbreak (92.08%) and nearly three-fourth participants were aware of the hand-washing duration of 20 seconds (73.27%). The knowledge of the presence of disease in Nepal (50.50%), the causative agent of disease (65.53%), and symptoms (57.43%) showed that there is significant knowledge gap among participants. The good proportion of participants were found to have a positive attitude towards the prevention and control of the disease. The majority of the respondents reported using face mask (77.23%), adopting handwashing measures (79.21%) as preventive measures for COVID-19. The majority of the students were highly concerned about the disease.
Conclusion: In summary, secondary level students of Chitwan, Nepal were found to have fair knowledge and understanding of the disease, showed a moderately positive attitude towards preventive measure and reported appropriate preventive practices against COVID-19. It is recommended that a similar
Perceptions of Mentors and Mentees in School-based Cross-Age Peer Mentoring in a Low-income Rural Community
Authors: San Antonio Donna Marie , Martel Jeff , Weisbart Cindy 
Published: December 2020

Cross-age peer mentoring programs are not always effective, and some researchers have questioned the effectiveness of this model. In this article, we use evaluation data to describe a project that has been going for twenty years. The project enrolls high school students as mentors to struggling elementary school students. The article reviews the current literature and details the perceptions of mentors and mentees regarding relational and academic benefits and disappointments. Both mentors and mentees report that the project gave them purpose, motivation, and a sense of belonging in the school and community. They also describe frustrations and regrets. Some findings echo previous studies; however, by presenting a twenty-year retrospective, and including mentor and mentee voices, the article provides a unique contribution to the field. The article provides an appendix with resources and recommendations for effective practices to those seeking to implement such a program.
Spices on the Edges of the Empire. A Pepper Pot from Roman Histria
Authors: Țârlea Alexandra , Lițu Alexandra , Dabîca Mircea , Iliescu Iulia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Roman-age pepper pots are among the rarer archaeological finds and, on occasion, have been tentatively identified as such. This paper presents a gilded bronze container found during excavations in Histria, on the western coast of the Black Sea. In our opinion, its physical characteristics (intentional perforation of its bottom, the presence of legs that allow for display on a table/support, and its particular, aquatic plant shape) strongly encourage its identification as a piperatorium. The container was subjected to physicochemical analyses, whose results are also presented here. Finally, we extended our perspective to the cultural aspects of the consumption of spices at the edges of the Roman Empire and their corresponding apparel, focusing on pepper as the most popular, accesible, but still luxurious spice available.
The Cult of St. Olaf in the Latin and Greek Churches between the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Authors: Dragnea Mihai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate how the cult of St. Olaf, the most famous Nordic saint, was instrumentalized after the Great Schism. We can observe a theological tendency of the papacy to centralize and standardize the Latin rite in Scandinavia by eliminating all Orthodox influences within the Scandinavian churches. This measure would ensure the Catholicization of the cult of St. Olaf by passing over in silence any Eastern ecclesiastical connection. In what follows, we will see that as St. Olaf was increasingly assimilated by the Latin church, the Byzantines in Constantinople reduced his spiritual power within the imperial political ideology.
The Inochentism: Faith, Ritual Practices, and Sacred Spaces. New Data and Approaches
Authors: Onica Dorina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Movement of the Hieromonk Inochentie of Balta, known in historiography as Inochentism, has attracted the attention of several disciplines, including cultural anthropology. This religious movement took place between 1909 and 1917 in Bessarabia, Podolia, the Kherson regions, and other areas of the Russian Empire, and it continues to have followers to the present day in the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, and Romania. The documentary base of the research in this field is provided by references to the relevant scientific studies published, oral history data recorded in the ethnographic fieldwork, and the press. The objectives of this article are to analyze synthetically the historical context in which the movement appears, the changes of exposure, and its forms; to mention and explain the attributions of the leaders and status within the group; to study the catechesis and ritual practices; and to describe the sacred spaces. Also, the eschatological prophecies, imagology representations, apocryphal sources and sacred texts, and behavioral and aggregation gestures are analyzed.
Diálogo multinivel en los sistemas internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos: ¿Hacia dónde vamos?
Authors: Fuchs Marie-Christine , Barboza López Miguel 
Published: December 2020

El diálogo multinivel en los sistemas de protección de los derechos humanos presenta desafíos tanto a nivel técnico-metodológico, jurisprudencial y político. A
partir del principio pro homine y de solidaridad, es necesario que exista una comunicación constante entre los diferentes tribunales regionales de derechos humanos que
coadyuven a la defensa de la persona humana. En el presente artículo abordaremos este
tema desde diferentes posturas jurisprudenciales y académicas.
Algunas reflexiones acerca de las violaciones sistemáticas de derechos humanos de las mujeres en América Latina y su relación con la problemática de la igualdad
Authors: Sabadell Ana Lucia 
Published: December 2020

El texto presenta un análisis de violaciones de derechos humanos de las
mujeres en países de América Latina, a la luz de las teorías de la igualdad jurídica en
confrontación con los textos constitucionales.
Una nueva forma de hacer política: dar la voz a la militancia ¿realidad o mera apariencia?
Authors: Catalá i Bas Alexandre H. 
Published: December 2020

Se ha tachado a los partidos políticos de estar controlados por una élite o casta que ha mirado más por sus propios intereses que por los intereses generales. Ha aparecido una nueva forma de hacer política y nuevos partidos cuyo objetivo declarado ha sido devolver la voz a la militancia dando por sentado que ésta había sido secuestrada por las élites endogámicas de los partidos. Este trabajo analiza si verdaderamente los partidos, cuyo poder se ha construido tradicionalmente de arriba a abajo, han asumido este cambio que comportaría que el poder fluya de abajo arriba o simplemente se ha llevado una operación cosmética que en apariencia responde a esa nueva forma de hacer política, aunque realmente el poder sigue en manos de una minoría.
Democracia paritaria e impacto de género en las políticas públicas: análisis del caso de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca
Authors: Goizueta Vértiz Juana 
Published: December 2020

El modelo de democracia representativa previsto en la Constitución de 1978 adolece de un cierto déficit en el sentido que impide a las mujeres lograr la necesaria participación en condiciones de igualdad en los centros de toma de decisión política. A los efectos de corregir la fallida representación de las mujeres, la Ley 4/2005, de 18 de febrero, para la Igualdad de Mujeres y Hombres incorpora la necesidad de respetar la paridad. El trabajo analiza los efectos que tiene el mandato de la paridad en el ámbito autonómico vasco. Se trata de determinar si la mayor presencia de mujeres en el Parlamento y en el Gobierno autonómico se ha reflejado en políticas públicas capaces de transformar esta sociedad en una más igualitaria. Y para precisar si la presencia de mujeres en puestos de decisión política va más allá de una mera participación formal se ha llamado la atención sobre los siguientes 2 indicadores: la evaluación del impacto de género de las políticas públicas autonómicas; y, las iniciativas parlamentarias y gubernamentales impulsadas en materia de igualdad.
Límites a la libertad de expresión de los políticos. Los casos Féret c. Bélgica y Perinçek c. Suiza
Authors: Roca María J. 
Published: December 2020

Los fundamentos jurídicos y los votos particulares de la primera sentencia ponen de manifiesto que, en la ponderación de los límites a la libertad de expresión de los políticos, se ha de tener en cuenta la circunstancia de que las manifestaciones hayan sido difundidas en campaña electoral así como la relación entre el contenido de las manifestaciones y el programa político de su partido. En el segundo caso analizado, en cambio, las circunstancias que modalizan los límites a la libertad de expresión de un político son valoradas por el daño real de la minoría que se siente lesionada por las declaraciones políticas así como por la gravedad de la sanción impuesta al político. En las dos sentencias que se ha comparado se muestra la dificultad para elaborar criterios generales en la interpretación de los límites a la libertad de expresión de los representantes políticos. La formulación de criterios generales demasiado abstractos, puede que no garantice que se impida el ejercicio abusivo e ilícito de tal derecho. Aún no hay suficiente jurisprudencia como para proponer una construcción dogmática sólida sobre el abuso de derecho en el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión. Asimismo, conviene ser conscientes tanto de las ventajas como de los riesgos que entrañan los conceptos jurídicos convencionales que ya cuentan con una interpretación estable.
Rule of Law versus soft Rule of Law
Authors: Méndez Reátegui Rubén , Sumar Albujar Oscar 
Published: December 2020

This article refers to a theoretical revision of the term Rule of Law and the concept of soft rule of law. It focuses on human rights as an essential element of the Rule of Law, the interaction between democracy and the challenges faced by the Rule of Law in a consolidated democracy. Finally, as an example, it introduces a brief reflection on the current institutional problems of Peru and Ecuador, pertinent for a better understanding of the interactions between the Rule of Law and the Soft Rule of Law.