bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of targeted somatic mutations in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung using next‐generation sequencing technique
Authors: Manabe Saki , Kasajima Rika , Murakami Shuji , Miyagi Yohei , Yokose Tomoyuki , Kondo Tetsuro , Saito Haruhiro , Ito Hiroyuki , Kaneko Takeshi , Yamada Kouzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare type of lung cancer with aggressive characteristics and a poor prognosis. Because it is rare, the molecular characteristics of PC remain unclear.MethodsA gene mutation analysis was performed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with PC of the lung who had undergone surgical resection.ResultsA total of nine patients were enrolled in the study. All the patients were male and eight had a history of smoking. Eight tumors contained spindle cells and three contained giant cells. Mutations considered significant were found in eight of the nine patients: in TP53 in five patients, in MET in two patients, and in ALK, ERBB2, PIK3CA, APC, NF1, and CDKN2A in one patient each. No EGFR mutation was detected in our analysis. Co‐mutations were detected in three patients: TP53 with MET and NF1, TP53 with ERBB2, and PIK3CA with CDKN2A.ConclusionsTP53 mutations were detected most frequently in PC of the lung with NGS analysis. Different co‐mutations were seen in several specimens.Key points

Significant findings of the study
This study demonstrates that mutations in the TP53 gene are frequently found and co‐mutations are sometimes found in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung using genomic profiling analysis.

What this study adds
Our results will help to analogize the genetic characteristics and potential target of molecular‐targeted agents of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung.
Right upper lobectomy in lung cancer with double aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Kawamoto Nobutaka , Okita Riki , Inokawa Hidetoshi , Hayashi Masataro , Furukawa Masashi , Okada Masanori , Okabe Kazunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDouble aortic arch (DAA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the heart and aorta in which a vascular ring that surrounds the trachea and esophagus is formed. In most patients, respiratory distress and dysphagia develop in childhood, and asymptomatic adult patients are rarely known. Herein, we describe a patient with lung cancer and DAA. A 66‐year‐old man who had DAA underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for primary lung cancer. Lymph node dissection of the right upper mediastinum revealed that the right recurrent laryngeal nerve branched from the right vagus nerve just beneath the right aortic arch. Additionally, the right aortic arch narrowed the space surrounding the trachea, superior vena cava, and arch of the azygos vein, impeding the stapling of the truncus anterior artery and right upper lobe pulmonary vein with the video‐assisted thoracoscopic approach.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
In double aortic arch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve branches from the vagus nerve just beneath the ipsilateral aortic arch.
The right aortic arch narrows the space surrounding the trachea, superior vena cava, and arch of the azygos vein.
What this study adds
The anatomy of a double aortic arch impedes mediastinal lymph node dissection on the ventral side of the trachea. Handling autosuture devices for stapling pulmonary arteries and veins is also difficult.
Common Institutional Ownership and Earnings Management*
Authors: Ramalingegowda Santhosh , Utke Steven , Yu Yong 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relation between earnings management and block ownership of same‐industry peer firms by a common set of institutional investors (common institutional ownership). This relation is important given the tremendous growth of common institutional ownership and the significant influence of blockholders on financial reporting. We hypothesize that common institutional ownership mitigates earnings management by enhancing institutions' monitoring efficiency and by encouraging institutions to internalize the negative externality of a firm's earnings management on peer firms' investments. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that higher common institutional ownership is related to less earnings management. Analyses of a quasi‐natural experiment based on financial institution mergers show that this negative relation is unlikely to be driven by the endogeneity of common institutional ownership. Cross‐sectional tests provide evidence that the negative relation is stronger among firms for which common institutional ownership is likely to generate a greater reduction in institutions' information acquisition and processing costs, and among firms whose severe financial misstatements are more likely to distort co‐owned peer firms' investments, supporting both mechanisms underlying our hypothesis. Our findings inform the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of common institutional ownership by highlighting an important benefit: the enhanced monitoring of financial reporting.
Growth rate of clinically diagnosed superficial basal cell carcinoma and changes in dermoscopic features over time
Authors: Sykes Adrian Jonathan , Wlodek Christina , Trickey Adam , Clayton Gemma L , Oakley Amanda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly occurring skin cancer. BCCs have been found to generally grow slowly. Data are limited on how the dermoscopic characteristics of BCCs evolve. We set out to determine the growth rate of superficial BCCs (sBCC) and assess the change in dermoscopic features over time.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of clinically diagnosed sBCC. Images, demographic and dermoscopic data were collected by a melanographer. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to investigate sBCC growth and associations between size and dermoscopic/demographic variables. We tested differences in trends over time in dermoscopic features using non‐parametric trend tests.Results100 individual sBCC were evaluated in 70 patients (mean age 62; 59% male), 69% had Fitzpatrick skin phototype 1 or 2, and 81% had some degree of actinic damage. sBCC were present on the back in 58% and 22% of men and women, respectively. The median surface area was 41.9 mm2 with a growth rate of 0.81 mm2/month. Males had larger sBCC than females. There was no association between sBCC size and Fitzpatrick skin phototype, history of skin cancer or family history of melanoma. There is some evidence larger sBCC gain shiny white structures (P = 0.053) over time.ConclusionssBCC grow at a rate unlikely to adversely affect patient outcomes associated with long wait times. Our data suggest that dermoscopy can aid in appropriate treatment selection for sBCC.
Real‐time intraoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy for determining graft orientation during Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Nahum Yoav , Galor Orly , Atar Maya , Bahar Irit , Livny Eitan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the intraoperative use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) during Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) to determine graft's orientation.MethodsProspective interventional study of eight eyes of seven patients who underwent DMEK. Following the identification of correct graft orientation using 'Blue cannula tip' sign during DMEK surgery, UBM was used to ascertain graft's orientation. The rate of successful DMEK graft orientation determined by the UBM was registered and verified postoperatively by anterior segment‐optical coherence tomography (OCT). Intra‐ and postoperative complications, postoperative clearance of the cornea, corrected distance visual acuity and endothelial cell loss were also noted.ResultsThe study included five males and two females aged 54–82 years with corneal oedema due to Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 5), Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (n = 2). In all cases, the technique allowed proper determination of the graft's orientation. In one case, ‘blue cannula tip’ sign showed correct orientation while UBM identified an upside–down graft. The graft was inverted in the anterior chamber using fluid jets, and repeat ‘blue cannula tip’ sign and UBM examination both showed correct orientation. In all cases, postoperative anterior segment‐OCT demonstrated correct graft orientation.ConclusionsUse of intraoperative UBM to determine graft orientation during DMEK correlated with proper graft orientation, as was verified postoperatively by anterior segment‐OCT. The use of UBM can be particularly helpful in cases of poor graft visibility due to opaque corneal stroma, pigment or blood in the anterior chamber during surgery, or when the blue tint of the graft fades rapidly, which may preclude proper determination of graft's orientation.
Testing the Associations among Social Axioms, School Belonging, and Flourishing in University Students: A Two‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Yun , Tong Kwok Kit , Tao Vivienne Y. K. , Zhang Meng Xuan , Wu Anise M. S. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThis longitudinal study investigated the temporal stability of social axioms, which are generalised social beliefs, and tested their prospective effects on individuals' flourishing, among students, as well as the extent to which they can be potentially mediated by perceived sense of belonging at school.MethodsParticipants were 195 Chinese university students, who voluntarily completed a questionnaire measuring social axioms (at baseline, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up studies), school belonging (at 1‐year follow‐up study), and flourishing (at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up studies).ResultsResults showed supportive evidence for five types of social axioms being generally stable across these time intervals. After controlling for baseline flourishing, high baseline social cynicism significantly predicted a lower level of follow‐up flourishing, whereas high baseline reward for application predicted a higher level of follow‐up flourishing. Furthermore, higher levels of social cynicism predicted lower levels of school belonging, and the latter partially mediated the effect of social cynicism on follow‐up flourishing.ConclusionsAll social axioms are relatively stable across time. Social cynicism, reward for applications, and school belonging are the most salient predictors for flourishing among Chinese university students.
Subtyping of male breast cancer by PAM50 and immunohistochemistry: a pilot study of a consecutive Danish cohort
Authors: Christensen Lene Gaarsmand , Lautrup Marianne Djernes , Lyng Maria Bibi , Möller Sören , Jylling Anne Marie Bak 
Published: June 2020

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that is still to be fully understood. In female breast cancer, molecular subtyping by gene expression has proven its significance. In this study, we characterize a consecutive cohort of MBC patients surgically treated from 1997 to 2017, identified at our institution (N = 37), and report the association between molecular subtypes found by a surrogate panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, and the PAM50 signature, as well as risk of recurrence score and overall survival for the different subtypes. PAM50 subtypes were determined using the nCounter FLEX system instrument and software. The distribution of molecular subtypes according to the PAM50 signature was as follows: 56% luminal B, 39% luminal A, and 5% basal‐like. None of the tumors were HER2‐enriched. Using IHC surrogate markers, we found 80% luminal B‐like, 15% luminal A‐like, and 5% basal‐like. None were HER2‐positive (non‐luminal). We found a strong statistical association between subtypes found by PAM50 signature and the IHC surrogate markers (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found luminal A tumors to be smaller in size compared to luminal B tumors (p = 0.04). Patients with luminal A subtype tumors had the lowest ROR scores with a mean of 39, whereas patients with luminal B subtype tumors had a mean ROR score of 69. Significant worse overall survival for luminal B tumors compared to luminal A tumors was seen (p = 0.02). Male breast cancer seems to be a mainly luminal disease, with luminal B being the most frequent subtype. Further studies are needed to ensure correct therapeutic strategies for this select group of patients.
Effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve on mastitis pathogens and somatic cell response in quarters from dairy cows with chronic subclinical mastitis
Authors: Nagahata Hajime , Mukai Takuma , Natsume Yo , Okuda Miyuki , Ando Tatsuya , Hisaeda Keiichi , Gondaira Satoshi , Higuchi Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study assessed the effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on mastitis‐causing pathogens and on the somatic cell counts (SCC) in lactating cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. The bacteriological cure rates of 42 quarters from 42 cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium bovis, coagulase‐negative staphylococci, and environmental streptococci were 18.2% (2/11), 14.3% (1/7), 58.8% (10/17), and 28.6% (2/7), respectively, on day 14 after B. breve infusion. In a second trial, B. breve was infused into 18 quarters from 18 cows with chronic subclinical mastitis from which pathogens had not been isolated; the rates of quarters showing SCC > 50 × 104 cells/ml prior to B. breve infusion that decreased to < 30 × 104 cells/ml after infusion were significantly (p < .01) increased to 61.1% (11/18) on day 14 compared to that prior to infusion (0/18). The intramammary infusion of B. breve appears to be a non‐antibiotic approach for elimination of minor pathogens and decreasing SCC in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
Pluripotency‐associated genes reposition during early embryonic developmental stages in pigs
Authors: Nguyen Hiep Thi , Nghia Nguyen Trong , Lien Nghiem Thi Ha , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Men Nguyen Thi , Viet Linh Nguyen , Xuan Nguyen Bui , Noguchi Junko , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examined the allelic expression and positioning of two pluripotency‐associated genes, OCT4 and SOX2, and two housekeeping genes, ACTB and TUBA, in 4‐ and 8‐cell porcine embryos utilizing RNA and DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in single blastomeres. The proportion of blastomeres expressing SOX2 bi‐allelically increased from 45% at the 4‐cell stage to 60% at the 8‐cell stage. Moreover, in 8‐cell embryos, SOX2 was expressed bi‐allelically in significantly more blastomeres than was the case for OCT4, and this was associated with a tendency for SOX2 alleles to move toward the nuclear interior during 4‐ to 8‐cell transition. However, the radial location of OCT4 alleles did not change significantly during this transition. The locations of active and inactive alleles based on DNA and RNA FISH signals were also calculated. Inactive OCT4 alleles were located in very close proximity to the nuclear membrane, whereas active OCT4 alleles were more centrally disposed in the nucleus. Nevertheless, the nuclear location of active and inactive SOX2 alleles did not change in either 4‐ or 8‐cell blastomeres. Our RNA and DNA FISH data provide novel information on the allelic expression patterns and positioning of pluripotency‐associated genes, OCT4 and SOX2, during embryonic genome activation in pigs.
Transurethral en bloc submucosal hydrodissection vs conventional resection for resection of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (HYBRIDBLUE): a randomised, multicentre trial
Authors: Gakis Georgios , Karl Alexander , Bertz Simone , Burger Maximillian , Fritsche Hans‐Martin , Hartmann Arndt , Jokisch Friedrich , Kempkensteffen Carsten , Miller Kurt , Mundhenk Jens , Schneevoigt Birte‐Swantje , Schubert Tina , Schwentner Christian , Wullich Bernd , Stenzl Arnulf 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether transurethral en bloc submucosal hydrodissection of bladder tumours (TUEB) improves the quality of the resection compared to conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Patients and MethodsA randomised, multicentre trial (HYBRIDBLUE) was conducted with a superiority design. Six German academic centres participated between September 2012 and August 2015. Based on literature analysis, a sample size for accurate histopathological assessment concerning muscle invasion was assumed to be feasible in 50% (P0 = 0.5) of TURBT and 80% of TUEB cases. After pre‐screening of a total of 305 patients, participants were allocated to two study arms: Group I: hexaminolevulinate (HAL)‐guided TUEB; Group II: conventional HAL‐guided TURBT. The primary endpoint was the proportion of specimens that could be reliably evaluated pathologically concerning muscle invasiveness. Secondary endpoints included rates of histopathological completeness of the resection, muscularis propria content, recurrence, and complication rates.ResultsA total of 115 patients (TUEB 56; TURBT 59) were eligible for final analysis. Adequate histopathological assessment, which included muscularis propria content and tumour margins (R0 vs R1), was present in 48/56 (86%) TUEB patients compared to 37/59 (63%; P = 0.006) in the TURBT group. R0 was confirmed in 30/56 TUEB patients (57%) and five of 59 TURBT patients (9%; P < 0.001). No complications of Grade ≥III were observed in both arms. At 3 and 12 months, three and 19 patients recurred in the TUEB group vs seven and 11 patients in the TURBT group, respectively (P = 0.33 and P = 0.08).ConclusionsIn this randomised study, TUEB was shown to be clinically safe regarding perioperative endpoints. An adequate histopathological assessment concerning muscle invasion was significantly better assessable in the TUEB arm compared to standard TURBT. This finding indicates the clinical potential for reducing the rate of early re‐resections. Yet, a larger study with recurrence‐free survival as the primary endpoint is needed to assess the oncological efficacy between both techniques.
Abnormal scaffold attachment factor 1 expression and localization in spinocerebellar ataxias and Huntington’s chorea
Authors: Buckner Nicola , Kemp Kevin C. , Scott Helen L. , Shi Gongyu , Rivers Caroline , Gialeli Andriana , Wong Liang-Fong , Cordero-LLana Oscar , Allen Nicholas , Wilkins Alastair , Uney James B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSAFB1 is a DNA and RNA binding protein that is highly expressed in the cerebellum and hippocampus and is involved in the processing of coding and non‐coding RNAs, splicing and dendritic function. We analyzed SAFB1 expression in the post‐mortem brain tissue of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Huntington’s disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease patients and controls. In SCA cases, the expression of SAFB1 in the nucleus was increased and there was abnormal and extensive expression in the cytoplasm where it co‐localized with the markers of Purkinje cell injury. Significantly, no SAFB1 expression was found in the cerebellar neurons of the dentate nucleus in control or MS patients; however, in SCA patients, SAFB1 expression was increased significantly in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of dentate neurons. In HD, we found that SAFB1 expression was increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of striatal neurons; however, there was no SAFB1 staining in the striatal neurons of controls. In PD substantia nigra, we did not see any changes in neuronal SAFB1 expression. iCLIP analysis found that SAFB1 crosslink sites within ATXN1 RNA were adjacent to the start and within the glutamine repeat sequence. Further investigation found increased binding of SAFB1 to pathogenic ATXN1‐85Q mRNA. These novel data strongly suggest SAFB1 contributes to the etiology of SCA and Huntington’s chorea and that it may be a pathological marker of polyglutamine repeat expansion diseases.
Sensitization of glutamate receptor‐mediated pain behaviour via nerve growth factor‐dependent phosphorylation of transient receptor potential V1 under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Masuoka Takayoshi , Yamashita Yuka , Yoshida Junko , Nakano Katsuya , Tawa Masashi , Nishio Matomo , Ishibashi Takaharu 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeGlutamate and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors on primary sensory neurons are crucial in modulating pain sensitivity. However, it is unclear how inflammation affects mGlu receptor‐mediated nociceptive responses. We therefore investigated the effects of mGlu1/5 receptor agonists on pain‐related behaviour during persistent inflammation and their underlying mechanisms.Experimental ApproachEffects of a mGlu1/5 receptor agonist on pain‐related behaviour during inflammation was assessed in mice. Intracellular calcium responses, membrane current responses, and protein expression in primary sensory neurons were examined using cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, dissociated from wild‐type and gene knockout mice.Key ResultsPersistent inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant increased the duration of mGlu1/5 receptor‐mediated pain behaviour, which was antagonized by inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF)–tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signalling. Calcium imaging revealed that NGF treatment increased the number of cultured DRG neurons responding to mGlu1/5 receptor activation. Stimulation of mGlu1/5 receptors in NGF‐treated DRG neurons induced inward currents through TRPV1 channels in association with PLC but not with IP3 receptors. NGF treatment also increased the number of neurons responding to a DAG analogue via TRPV1 channel activation. Furthermore, NGF up‐regulated expression of TRPV1 and A‐kinase anchoring protein 5 (AKAP5), resulting in increased AKAP5‐dependent TRPV1 phosphorylation. AKAP5 knockout mice did not exhibit mGlu1/5 receptor‐mediated excitation in NGF‐treated DRG neurons or pain response facilitation under inflammatory conditions.Conclusions and ImplicationsNGF augments glutamate‐ and mGlu1/5 receptor‐mediated excitation of nociceptive neurons by AKAP5‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPV1 channels, potentiating hypersensitivity to glutamate in inflamed tissues.
Dental implant‐based oral rehabilitation in patients reconstructed with free fibula flaps: Clinical study with a follow‐up 3 to 6 years
Authors: Goker Funda , Baj Alessandro , Bolzoni Alessandro Remigio , Maiorana Carlo , Giannì Aldo Bruno , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral rehabilitation of patients after maxillofacial reconstructive surgery represents a challenge and stable prosthetic retention can be achieved with the use of dental implants.PurposeThis retrospective report aimed to evaluate implant‐based oral rehabilitation following maxillofacial reconstruction with free fibula flaps.Materials and MethodsA total of 14 patients who had reconstruction with fibula flaps either by CAD/CAM or conventional surgery were included in this study. A total of 56 implants (40 in flaps, 16 in native bone) were evaluated. Follow‐up after reconstructive surgery ranged between 3.25 and 6.3 years. Follow‐up after implant surgery ranged between 1.5 and 3.8 years.ResultsOverall survival rate was 85.7% in free fibula flaps and 85.6% in dental implants. Eight implants were lost in three patients and all of these failures were in dental implants inserted in free flaps. According to the results on patient basis, the implant survival was not influenced by any variable.ConclusionsThe maxillofacial reconstruction with free fibula flap and oral rehabilitation with implant‐supported prostheses after ablative surgery can be considered as an effective and safe procedure with successful aesthetic and functional outcomes.