bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliativversorgung am Lebensende in Deutschland
Authors:   die SAVOIR-Studiengruppe, Ditscheid Bianka , Krause Markus , Lehmann Thomas , Stichling Kathleen , Jansky Maximiliane , Nauck Friedemann , Wedding Ulrich , Schneider Werner , Marschall Ursula , Meißner Winfried , Freytag Antje 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Angebot an Palliativversorgung hat in Deutschland stark zugenommen. Weitgehend unbekannt ist, wie viele Menschen am Lebensende welche palliativen Versorgungsformen in Anspruch nehmen und welche regionalen Unterschiede bestehen.

Methode
Retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit GKV-Routinedaten (BARMER) über Versicherte mit Sterbedatum im Jahr 2016: Anhand einer mindestens einmalig abgerechneten Leistung in den letzten 6 Lebensmonaten wurde die Inanspruchnahme allgemeiner ambulanter Palliativversorgung (AAPV), spezialisierter ambulanter Palliativversorgung (SAPV) sowie stationärer Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung ermittelt. Erstmals wurden auch Abrechnungsziffern kassenärztlicher Vereinigungen und selektivvertragliche Sonderziffern für palliativmedizinische Leistungen sowie SAPV-Leistungsabrechnungen herangezogen.

Ergebnisse
Von den 95.962 Verstorbenen der Studienpopulation wurden bundesdurchschnittlich 32,7 % palliativ versorgt, mit Schwankungen zwischen 26,4 % in Bremen und 40,8 % in Bayern. AAPV-Leistungen wurden bei 24,4 % abgerechnet (16,9 % in Brandenburg bis 34,1 % in Bayern). SAPV-Leistungen erhielten 13,1 % (6,3 % in Rheinland-Pfalz bis 18,9 % in Brandenburg bzw. 22,9 % in Westfalen-Lippe mit abweichender SAPV-Praxis). Stationär palliativmedizinisch versorgt wurden 8,1 % (6,7 % in Schleswig-Holstein/Hessen bis 13,0 % in Thüringen), Hospizleistungen wurden für 3,3 % abgerechnet (1,6 % in Bremen bis 5,6 % in Berlin).

Diskussion
SAPV wird häufiger in Anspruch genommen als bisher berichtet, AAPV ist rückläufig. Die jeweilige Inanspruchnahme scheint weniger durch objektiven Bedarf als durch regionalspezifische Rahmenbedingungen begründet. Die Weiterentwicklung der Palliativversorgung sollte zukünftig neben Bedarfskriterien mehr an Outcomes sowie dafür relevanten Rahmenbedingungen orientiert werden.
Fernlehren und Fernlernen von Objektorientierter Programmierung (OOP)
Authors: Ellmann Mathias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieses Papier beschreibt unsere Lehrerfahrungen in einer virtuellen Lehr- und Lernumgebung für eine Vorlesung über objektorientierte Programmierung (OOP) in Java. Wir verwenden die Live-Meeting-Anwendung Adobe Connect sowie Lern- und Lehrmethoden für OOP-Vorlesungen wie Online-Coding, Online-Debugging, Online-Gruppenräume, Online-White-Boards und Online-Fragebögen, um unsere Lehr- und Lernziele zu messen und zu erreichen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass Online-Coding in Kombination mit Online-Debugging oder einem Codebeispiel das mit einem Kommentar versehen ist, in dieser virtuellen Lehr- und Lernumgebung am effektivsten funktioniert, um den Studierenden ein besseres Verständnis der Programmierkonzepte und -methoden zu vermitteln. Online-Coding und Online-Debugging sollten unmittelbar nach der Vermittlung der OOP-Konzepte und -Methoden durchgeführt werden. Andere Lehrmethoden wie das Unterrichten der OOP-Konzepte ohne ein konkretes Beispiel oder eine Anwendung führen zu Frustration und Unzufriedenheit bei den Studierenden.
Diet and breeding habitat preferences of White-tailed Eagles in a northern inland environment
Authors: Ekblad Camilla , Tikkanen Hannu , Sulkava Seppo , Laaksonen Toni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany apex predator populations are recolonizing old areas and dispersing to new ones, with potential consequences for their prey species and for livestock. An increasing population of the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) has settled north of the Arctic Circle in northern Finland, mainly at two big water reservoirs but also in areas with mainly terrestrial habitat. We examined nesting habitat preferences and prey use of White-tailed Eagles in this environment, where reindeer husbandry is a traditional livelihood and concerns are rising that the growing White-tailed Eagle population poses a threat to reindeer calves. Lakes, peat bogs, and marshlands were preferred habitats in the nesting territories. Fish constituted 64.3% of the identified prey items, with birds accounting for 28.5% and mammals 7.2%. The nesting territory habitat within a 10 km radius and the latitude influenced the prey composition at both the group and species level. The occurrence of reindeer calves as prey increased with latitude but was not associated with any habitat. Knowledge of the diet and territory preferences can be used to predict future dispersal and local prey use of this species. Nesting White-tailed Eagles do not seem to pose a threat to traditional reindeer herding, but further research is needed regarding non-breeding sub-adults and whether the White-tailed Eagles actually kill reindeer calves or simply exploit their carcasses.
Current state of research on psychotherapy for home-living vulnerable older adults with depression
Authors: Tegeler Christina , Beyer Ann-Kristin , Hoppmann Fee , Ludwig Valentina , Kessler Eva‑Marie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOlder home-living vulnerable adults often suffer from chronic conditions accompanied by restrictions in mobility, social participation and reduced independence. Among this rapidly growing population depression is a common and serious health problem; however, there are shortcomings in the diagnosis of depression and provision of psychotherapy. Despite growing evidence in treating depression among the group of nursing home residents or the “young-old”, there is a research gap regarding needs-oriented healthcare strategies for very old, frail or care-dependent older adults living at home. The present article provides an overview of different outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment approaches for vulnerable older adults with depression, in particular adaptations tailored to those who are homebound or in need of care. Based on the current state of research, this article derives recommendations for psychotherapy in this special setting to consider the physical and psychosocial resources of this patient group. Furthermore, healthcare strategies for embedding psychotherapy in collaborative, telehealth or home-delivered healthcare services are described and their applicability as psychosocial support for older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is discussed. Psychotherapy is an efficacious treatment for depression in home-living vulnerable older adults. Further implementing telehealth or home delivered settings, individually tailored psychotherapeutic approaches as well as collaborative and stepped care approaches can increase utilization and medical supply of this patient group. More research and innovative programs are needed to improve access to and provision of psychotherapeutic care as well as their social inclusion.
Complex dystonias: an update on diagnosis and care
Authors: Herzog Rebecca , Weissbach Anne , Bäumer Tobias , Münchau Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComplex dystonias are defined as dystonias that are accompanied by neurologic or systemic manifestations beyond movement disorders. Many syndromes or diseases can present with complex dystonia, either as the cardinal sign or as part of a multi-systemic manifestation. Complex dystonia often gradually develops in the disease course, but can also be present from the outset. If available, the diagnostic workup, disease-specific treatment, and management of patients with complex dystonias require a multi-disciplinary approach. This article summarizes current knowledge on complex dystonias with a particular view of recent developments with respect to advances in diagnosis and management, including causative treatments.
Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence: co-occurring psychopathology and psychosocial problems
Authors: Seim Astrid R. , Jozefiak Thomas , Wichstrøm Lars , Lydersen Stian , Kayed Nanna S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsufficient care is associated with most psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems, and is part of the etiology of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, and aid treatment and care, clinicians need to know to which degree RAD and DSED co-occur with other psychopathology and psychosocial problems, a topic little researched in adolescence. In a national study of all adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old; 58% girls) in Norwegian residential youth care, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview yielded information about psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial problems categorized as present/absent, and the Child Behavior Check List questionnaire was applied for dimensional measures of psychopathology. Most adolescents with a RAD or DSED diagnosis had several cooccurring psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems. Prevalence rates of both emotional and behavioral disorders were high in adolescent RAD and DSED, as were rates of suicidality, self-harm, victimization from bullying, contact with police, risky sexual behavior and alcohol or drug misuse. Although categorical measures of co-occurring disorders and psychosocial problems revealed few and weak associations with RAD and DSED, dimensional measures uncovered associations between both emotional and behavioral problems and RAD/DSED symptom loads, as well as DSED diagnosis. Given the high degree of comorbidity, adolescents with RAD or DSED—or symptoms thereof—should be assessed for co-occurring psychopathology and related psychosocial problems. Treatment plans should be adjusted accordingly.
Predict the Effects of Forming Tool Characteristics on Surface Roughness of Aluminum Foil Components Formed by SPIF Using ANN and SVR
Authors: Najm Sherwan Mohammed , Paniti Imre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present work, multiple forming tests were conducted under different forming conditions by Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). In which surface roughness, arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) and the ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of AlMn1Mg1 sheet were experimentally measured. Also, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the (Ra) and (Rz) by adopting the data collected from 108 components that were formed by SPIF. Forming tool characteristics played a key role in all the predictions and their effect on the final product surface roughness. In the aim to explore the proper materials and geometry of forming tools, different ANN structures, different training, and transfer functions have been applied to predict (Ra) and (Rz) as an output argument. Furthermore, Support Vector Regression (SVR) with different kernel types have been used for prediction, together with Gradient Boosting regression to sort the effective parameters on the surface roughness. The input arguments were tool materials, tool shape, tool end/corner radius, and tool surface roughness (Ra and Rz). The actual data subjected to a fit regression model to generate prediction equations of Ra and Rz. The results showed that ANN with one output gives the best R-Square (R2). Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (Trainlm) training function recorded the highest value of R2, 0.9628 for prediction Ra using Softmax transfer function whereas 0.9972 for Rz by Log- Sigmoid transfer function. Furthermore, tool materials, together with tool surface (Ra), are playing a significant importance role, affecting the sheet surface roughness (Ra). Whereas tool roughness Rz was the critical parameter effected on the Rz of the product. Also, there was a significant positive effect of tool geometry on the sheet surface roughness.
Nanocarbon-Enhanced 2D Photoelectrodes: A New Paradigm in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ke Jun , He Fan , Wu Hui , Lyu Siliu , Liu Jie , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Jian , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang , Ostrikov Kostya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical energy. In such PEC systems, an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy, an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers, and a co-catalyst for triggering redox reactions. Thus, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is crucial. Here we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes, including graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets, and MXenes, combined with advanced nanocarbons (carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphdiyne) as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution reactions. The fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are analyzed. Elaborate strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are introduced. The mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting.
On equicontinuous factors of flows on locally path-connected compact spaces
Authors: EDEKO NIKOLAI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider a locally path-connected compact metric space K with finite first Betti number

$\textrm {b}_1(K)$
and a flow

$(K, G)$
on K such that G is abelian and all G-invariant functions

$f\,{\in}\, \textrm{C}(K)$
are constant. We prove that every equicontinuous factor of the flow

$(K, G)$
is isomorphic to a flow on a compact abelian Lie group of dimension less than

${\textrm {b}_1(K)}/{\textrm {b}_0(K)}$
. For this purpose, we use and provide a new proof for Theorem 2.12 of Hauser and Jäger [Monotonicity of maximal equicontinuous factors and an application to toral flows. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.147 (2019), 4539–4554], which states that for a flow on a locally connected compact space the quotient map onto the maximal equicontinuous factor is monotone, i.e., has connected fibers. Our alternative proof is a simple consequence of a new characterization of the monotonicity of a quotient map

$p\colon K\to L$
between locally connected compact spaces K and L that we obtain by characterizing the local connectedness of K in terms of the Banach lattice

$\textrm {C}(K)$
.
Effect of testing methods on incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection rates in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers
Authors: McCauley Brian P. , Evans Martin E. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Gamage Shantini D. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Roselle Gary A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClostridioidesdifficile infection rates from 7 facilities that used nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) alone for 12 months then switched to NAAT plus toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reported the latter result for 12 months were compared to 70 facilities that used NAAT alone for all 24 months. There was no significant difference in rates between facility groups over the first 12 months (P = .21, linear regression), but we detected a decrease in rates for the facilities that changed to NAAT+EIA (P < .0001).
Geoarchaeological investigation of occupation deposits in Blombos Cave in South Africa indicate changes in site use and settlement dynamics in the southern Cape during MIS 5b-4
Authors: Haaland Magnus M. , Miller Christopher E. , Unhammer Ole F. , Reynard Jerome P. , van Niekerk Karen L. , Ligouis Bertrand , Mentzer Susan M. , Henshilwood Christopher S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe archaeological assemblage recovered from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels in Blombos Cave, South Africa, is central to our understanding of the development of early modern humans. Here, we demonstrate that the cultural and technological innovations inferred from the Blombos Cave MSA record also correlate with significant shifts in site use and occupational intensity. Through a comprehensive geoarchaeological investigation of three MSA occupation phases, we identified distinct diachronic trends in the frequency of visits and the modes of occupation. During the earliest phases (ca. 88–82 ka), humans inhabited the cave for more extended periods, but cave visits were not frequent. During the later phases (ca. 77–72 ka), the cave was more regularly visited but for shorter periods each time. We argue that these changes in local occupational intensity, which also coincide with shifts in vegetation, sea levels, and subsistence, can best be explained by broader changes in hunter-gatherer mobility strategies and occupation patterns. Fundamental changes in regional settlement dynamics during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 5b-4 would have significantly affected the nature and frequency of social interaction within and between prehistoric populations living in the southern Cape, a scenario that ultimately may explain some of the social and technological advances that occurred there during this time frame.
Geomorphological record and equilibrium line altitude of glaciers during the last glacial maximum in the Rodna Mountains (eastern Carpathians)
Authors: Kłapyta Piotr , Mîndrescu Marcel , Zasadni Jerzy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the eastern Carpathians the legacy of glaciation is preserved in several isolated mountain massifs. This paper presents new mapping results of glaciated valley land systems in the Rodna Mountains, the highest part of the eastern Carpathians (2303 m above seal level). In most of the glacial valleys, the maximal Pleistocene extent is marked by freshly shaped moraines, which are referred in this study as the Pietroasa glacial stage and regarded as the last glacial maximum (LGM) advance. Only in three valleys do older Şesura glacial stage moraines (pre-LGM, likely Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6) occur. On the basis of the geomorphological record, we reconstruct the extent, surface geometry, and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of Pietroasa-stage glaciers. The local ELA pattern of north-exposed glaciers in the Rodna Mountains shows a rising trend towards the southeast, which suggests dominant snow-bearing winds and orographically induced precipitation from the west. This finding fits well with the dominant palaeo-wind direction inferred from other Carpathian proxies and confirms the dominance of zonal circulation pattern during the global LGM in central eastern Europe.
Backcross breeding for improvement of heat tolerance at reproductive phase in Thai rice (Oryza sativaL.) varieties
Authors: Malumpong C. , Buadchee R. , Thammasamisorn B. , Moung-ngam P. , Wasuri B. , Saensuk C. , Arikit S. , Vannavichit A. , Cheabu S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeat stress during the reproductive and grain-filling stages leads to severe yield losses in rice, especially in irrigated areas during the dry season in Thailand. Thus, breeding for heat-tolerant rice is one of the strategies for developing rice crops adapted to the effects of high temperature in major growing regions. M9962, a fast neutron-induced mutant, was identified as a heat-tolerant line that was then used as a donor parent and crossed with the Phisanulok 2 (PSL2) cultivar (the recurrent parent) in a backcross breeding programme. Heat tolerance scoring under controlled greenhouse and field conditions was based on the percentage of spikelet fertility. Yield trials for the BC2F7and BC3F6lines were subsequently conducted under field conditions at three locations and under controlled greenhouse conditions during the dry season of 2019 (DS2019). In the early generation, 210 plants of the BC1F1population and 440 plants of BC2F1population were evaluated for their heat tolerance, and the spikelet fertility distribution within the BC1F1, BC2F1and BC3F1populations showed a skewed-right pattern. In addition, most rice plants in every generation were heat sensitive. Finally, compared with PSL2, the four-candidate heat-tolerant lines exhibited a high percentage of spikelet fertility and high yield. In addition, the one candidate line, BC2F7-6-5-4-1-1-21 was most similar to PSL2 in terms of genetic background, plant type and grain quality. Thus, backcross breeding programmes via the spikelet fertility can be used as an indirect trait to select for heat tolerance.
Functional disconnection between subsystems of the default mode network in schizophrenia
Authors: Fan Fengmei , Tan Shuping , Huang Junchao , Chen Song , Fan Hongzhen , Wang Zhiren , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Tan Yunlong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA dysfunctional default mode network (DMN) has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, the stability of the deficits has not been determined across different stages of the disorder.MethodsWe examined the functional connectivity of the DMN subsystems of 125 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) or recurrent schizophrenia (RES), compared to that of 82 healthy controls. We tested the robustness of the findings in an independent cohort of 158 patients and 39 healthy controls. We performed resting-state functional connectivity analysis, and examined the strength of the connections within and between the three subsystems of the DMN (core, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [dMPFC], and medial temporal lobe [MTL]). We also analyzed the connectivity correlations to symptoms and illness duration.ResultsWe found reduced connectivity strength between the core and MTL subsystems in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, with no differences between the FES and RES patient groups; these findings were validated in the second sample. Schizophrenia patients also showed a significant reduction in connectivity within the MTL and between the dMPFC−MTL subsystems, similarly between FES and RES groups. The connectivity strength within the core subsystem was negatively correlated with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. There was no significant correlation between the DMN subsystem connectivity and illness duration.ConclusionsDMN subsystem connectivity deficits are present in schizophrenia, and the homochronicity of their appearance indicates the trait-like nature of these alterations. The DMN deficit may be useful for early diagnosis, and MTL dysfunction may be a crucial mechanism underlying schizophrenia.