bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wealth inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from household survey and rich lists’ data combined*
Authors: Brzeziński Michał , Sałach Katarzyna , Wroński Marcin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study how the problem of the ‘missing rich’, the underrepresentation of the wealthiest in household surveys, affects wealth inequality estimates for the post‐socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The survey data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) are joined with the data from the national rich lists for Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia. Pareto distribution is fitted to the joined survey and rich lists’ data to impute the missing observations for the largest wealth values. We provide the first estimates of the top‐corrected wealth inequality for the CEE region in 2013/2014. Despite a short period of wealth accumulation during the post‐1989 market economy period, our adjustment procedure reveals that wealth inequality in the Baltic countries is comparable to that of Germany (one of the most wealth‐unequal countries in Europe), while in Poland and Hungary it has reached levels observed in France or Spain. We discuss possible explanations of these findings with reference to the speed and range of privatization processes, extent of income inequality, and the role of inheritances and wealth taxes in the region.
Current and emerging treatments targeting the neuroendocrine system for disorders of the skin and its appendages
Authors: Soeberdt Michael , Kilic Ana , Abels Christoph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe skin as a neuroendocrine organ and the role of neuroendocrine signalling in the development of disorders affecting the skin and its appendages has received increasing attention in the last years. Different neuroendocrine systems have been described in the barrier organ skin, including the thyroid system, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, the opioid, the endocannabinoid, the cholinergic, the secosteroidogenic and the serotonergic systems. All of these systems have been implicated in the development of skin diseases, which often have an inflammatory origin. These discoveries have led to an increase in the development of new drugs targeting components of neuroendocrine signalling pathways. Additionally, attempts have been made to repurpose already approved drugs targeting neuroendocrine signalling pathways in other organs for the treatment of skin diseases. Recently published results from preclinical and clinical studies look promising and may offer improved therapies to patients suffering from skin diseases in the near future. In this review, from a pharmaceutical point of view, we focus on recent progress in synthetic drug development of compounds targeting neuroendocrine signalling in the skin and its appendages to treat skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, alopecia areata and hyperhidrosis.
Fatigue analysis of graphene oxide papers fabricated under various processing parameters
Authors: Liu Hsien‐Kuang , Hwang Shun‐Fa , Yang Shih‐Hung , Lei Chung‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of processing parameters on fatigue lives of graphene oxide papers (GOP) and reduced GOP (RGOP) are investigated. The fabrication method could be either vacuum filtration or pressure filtration, and the important processing parameters include graphene weight fraction in suspension, sonication time for suspension and pressure value for pressure filtration. Fatigue performance of the papers are studied by strain‐controlled fatigue test. Under vacuum filtration method, fatigue lives of both GOP and RGOP decrease with increasing graphene weight fraction. The longest fatigue life is 403 284 cycles for the GOP under highest power sonication time and lowest graphene weight fraction. Fatigue lives of most GOP increase with increasing sonication time up to medium level. Under pressure filtration method, all GOP have shorter fatigue lives than those by vacuum filtration. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to carefully analyse the failed papers in order to clarify the fatigue failure mechanism.
Industry tournament incentives and stock price crash risk
Authors: Kubick Thomas R. , Lockhart G. Brandon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTheoretical and empirical studies argue that managerial hoarding of negative firm‐specific information can result in large negative stock price corrections once the accumulated information is revealed. A managerial labor market with tournament‐like progression provides managers with the incentive to withhold negative information. We find that chief executive officers with stronger incentives to progress in the managerial labor market tournament have significantly greater stock price crash risk, consistent with a greater propensity for these executives to withhold negative firm‐specific information. The empirical patterns that we document suggest a negative externality to the positive incentive effects provided by the managerial labor market.
Unfamiliar partnerships limit cnidarian holobiont acclimation to warming
Authors: Herrera Marcela , Klein Shannon G. , Schmidt‐Roach Sebastian , Campana Sara , Cziesielski Maha J. , Chen Jit Ern , Duarte Carlos M. , Aranda Manuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnhancing the resilience of corals to rising temperatures is now a matter of urgency, leading to growing efforts to explore the use of heat tolerant symbiont species to improve their thermal resilience. The notion that adaptive traits can be retained by transferring the symbionts alone, however, challenges the holobiont concept, a fundamental paradigm in coral research. Holobiont traits are products of a specific community (holobiont) and all its co‐evolutionary and local adaptations, which might limit the retention or transference of holobiont traits by exchanging only one partner. Here we evaluate how interchanging partners affect the short‐ and long‐term performance of holobionts under heat stress using clonal lineages of the cnidarian model system Aiptasia (host and Symbiodiniaceae strains) originating from distinct thermal environments. Our results show that holobionts from more thermally variable environments have higher plasticity to heat stress, but this resilience could not be transferred to other host genotypes through the exchange of symbionts. Importantly, our findings highlight the role of the host in determining holobiont productivity in response to thermal stress and indicate that local adaptations of holobionts will likely limit the efficacy of interchanging unfamiliar compartments to enhance thermal tolerance.
Careful history taking detects initially unknown underlying causes of aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yuki , Tobino Kazunori , Ko Yuki , Yasuda Mina , Ide Hiromi , Oku Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2020

AimThe majority of pneumonia in the elderly is attributed to aspiration. Identifying the cause of aspiration is essential for efficient treatment and prevention. However, the methodology on how to investigate the causes is not established. Therefore, we studied cases that were initially admitted for pneumonia and were newly diagnosed with an underlying cause of aspiration. This is the first study to analyze such cases collectively.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Patients aged 65 years or older admitted for pneumonia from October 2012 to November 2018 and were newly diagnosed with a cause of aspiration after admission was included. Patients were excluded if they had hospital‐acquired pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, or obstructive pneumonia or were immunocompromised.ResultsIn total, 4043 patients were admitted for pneumonia and 125 cases who were newly diagnosed with causes of aspiration after admission were included in the study. This constituted 30.7% of suspected aspiration pneumonia cases in which there was no known cause of aspiration on admission. The most common conditions newly identified were neurologic disorders, upper gastrointestinal disorders, drug‐induced conditions, and head and neck disease. Some were lethal. The diagnosis enabled treatment of the underlying condition and prevention of aspiration in most cases. The most common sign that lead to the diagnosis was symptoms seen from admission, followed by chronic symptoms.ConclusionIn 30.7% of those with suspected aspiration pneumonia with an unknown cause, a cause of aspiration was newly diagnosed. Careful history taking concerning neurological, gastrointestinal and drug‐induced disorders is essential in elderly patients with pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 785–790.
Evaluation of factors affecting the association between thickening of sinus mucosa and the presence of periapical lesions using cone beam CT
Authors: Gürhan C. , Şener E. , Mert A. , Şen G. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of various parameters of periapical lesion(s) on the amount and type of mucosal thickening using cone beam CT images.MethodologyCBCT scans of 1000 patients were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of apical lesions in maxillary posterior teeth associated with sinus mucosal thickening. The number of cases with pathological mucosal thickening was recorded and classified according to the amount and type of mucosal thickening. The parameters evaluated as the cause of mucosal thickening were the type and number of posterior teeth, number of root(s), diameter of the periapical lesion and distance between maxillary sinus and lesion. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression was used for data analyses. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for pair‐wise comparisons. Intrarater reliability was tested by Cohen’s kappa.ResultsMucosal thickening associated with periapical lesions was determined in 48% of 202 cases. The most frequently detected extent of mucosal thickening was type 3 (42%), whereas flat type thickening (59%) was the most frequent type. The tooth most frequently associated with mucosal thickening was the maxillary first molar (44%). Parameters significantly affecting the extent of mucosal thickening were gender, number of roots, number of teeth with periapical lesions and diameter of periapical lesions (P < 0.05). The single parameter with an association with the type of mucosal thickening was the number of roots with an apical lesion (P < 0.05).ConclusionMucosal thickening associated with periapical lesions was observed in almost 50% of all mucosal thickening cases. Therefore, collaboration amongst endodontists and otolaryngologists is mandatory to provide successful treatment and prevent recurrence of maxillary sinusitis.
The use of therapeutic untruths by staff supporting people with an intellectual disability who display behaviours that challenge
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Armitage Bethan , Murray George , James Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic untruths (TU) are used in dementia services to de‐escalate distressing situations. The present authors explored the use of TU by care staff supporting people with an intellectual disability who displayed behaviours that challenged.MethodData were collected from 126 staff (female = 72.2%; mean age = 41.9 years, SD = 10.7) via an online survey in relation to three areas: responses to three scenarios, reported use of different forms of TU and ratings of perceived effectiveness of, and level of comfort using, each type.Results96% of participants reported using TU themselves and observing their colleagues doing likewise. Models that included perceived effectiveness of, and level of staff comfort with using, different TU were significant, although only perceived effectiveness significantly independently contributed to the model.ConclusionThe use of TU was common, with levels consistent with those found in dementia services. The limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.
COVID‐19 and arterial hypertension: Hypothesis or evidence?
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Cuspidi Cesare , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigations reported that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent comorbidities among the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Hypertension appeared consistently as the most prevalent risk factors in COVID‐19 patients. Some investigations speculated about the association between renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and susceptibility to COVID‐19, as well as the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and increased mortality in these patients. This raised concern about the potential association between hypertension (and its treatment) and propensity for COVID‐19. There are only a few follow‐up studies that investigated the impact of comorbidities on outcome in these patients with conflicting findings. Hypertension has been proven to be more prevalent in patients with an adverse outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death). So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of hypertension on mortality in COVID‐19 patients. There are many speculations about this coronavirus and its relation with different risk factors and underlying diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between hypertension and COVID‐19 and the role of hypertension on outcome in these patients.
Protective role of NRF2 in macrovascular complications of diabetes
Authors: Wu Junduo , Sun Xiaodan , Jiang Ziping , Jiang Jun , Xu Linlin , Tian Ao , Sun Xuechun , Meng Huali , Li Ying , Huang Wenlin , Jia Ye , Wu Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMacrovascular complications develop in over a half of the diabetic individuals, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. This poses a severe threat to public health and a heavy burden to social economy. It is therefore important to develop effective approaches to prevent or slow down the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular complications of diabetes (MCD). Oxidative stress is a major contributor to MCD. Nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2) governs cellular antioxidant defence system by activating the transcription of various antioxidant genes, combating diabetes‐induced oxidative stress. Accumulating experimental evidence has demonstrated that NRF2 activation protects against MCD. Structural inhibition of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is a canonical way to activate NRF2. More recently, novel approaches, such as activation of the Nfe2l2 gene transcription, decreasing KEAP1 protein level by microRNA‐induced degradation of Keap1 mRNA, prevention of proteasomal degradation of NRF2 protein and modulation of other upstream regulators of NRF2, have emerged in prevention of MCD. This review provides a brief introduction of the pathophysiology of MCD and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of MCD. By reviewing previous work on the activation of NRF2 in MCD, we summarize strategies to activate NRF2, providing clues for future intervention of MCD. Controversies over NRF2 activation and future perspectives are also provided in this review.
Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes to a reduced cell motility in vitro
Authors: Armando Federico , Gambini Matteo , Corradi Attilio , Becker Kathrin , Marek Katarzyna , Pfankuche Vanessa Maria , Mergani Ahmed Elmonastir , Brogden Graham , de Buhr Nicole , von Köckritz‐Blickwede Maren , Naim Hassan Y. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Puff Christina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSarcomas especially of histiocytic origin often possess a poor prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Interestingly, tumours undergoing mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are often associated with a favourable clinical outcome. This process is characterized by an increased expression of epithelial markers leading to a decreased invasion and metastatic rate. Based on the failure of conventional therapies, viral oncolysis might represent a promising alternative with canine distemper virus (CDV) as a possible candidate. This study hypothesizes that a CDV infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) triggers the MET process leading to a decreased cellular motility. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to investigate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers followed by scratch assay and an invasion assay as functional confirmation. Furthermore, microarray data were analysed for genes associated with the MET process, invasion and angiogenesis. CDV‐infected cells exhibited an increased expression of epithelial markers such as E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 8 compared to controls, indicating a MET process. This was accompanied by a reduced cell motility and invasiveness. Summarized, these results suggest that CDV infection of DH82 cells triggers the MET process by an increased expression of epithelial markers resulting in a decreased cell motility in vitro.
Cell cycle exit during bortezomib‐induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was mediated by Xbp1s‐upregulated p21Cip1 and p27Kip1
Authors: Zhang Dan , Fan Rong , Lei Li , Lei Lei , Wang Yanmeng , Lv Nan , Chen Ping , Williamson Ramone A. , Wang Baiyan , Hu Jinsong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. Bortezomib, the first approved proteasome inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), has been shown to induce osteoblast differentiation, making it beneficial for myeloma bone disease. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of bortezomib on the cell cycle during osteogenic differentiation. We confirmed that low doses of bortezomib can induce MSCs towards osteogenic differentiation, but high doses are toxic. In the course of bortezomib‐induced osteogenic differentiation, we observed cell cycle exit characterized by G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest with a significant reduction in cell proliferation. Additionally, we found that the cell cycle exit was tightly related to the induction of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. Notably, we further demonstrated that the up‐regulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 is transcriptionally dependent on the bortezomib‐activated ER stress signalling branch Ire1α/Xbp1s. Taken together, these findings reveal an intracellular pathway that integrates proteasome inhibition, osteogenic differentiation and the cell cycle through activation of the ER stress signalling branch Ire1α/Xbp1s.
Association between neonatal birthweight and risk of maternal glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Zhuyu , Wang Dongyu , Cheng Yunjiu , Chen Peisong , Ding Wenjing , Wang Zilian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate whether the neonatal birthweight (NBW) is associated with early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,113 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus who completed an oral glucose tolerance test at 6–9 weeks postpartum between 1 April 2014 and 8 January 2020 were included in this observational prospective cohort study. They were grouped by neonatal birthweight quartiles, and the odds ratios of postpartum glucose intolerance for different levels of neonatal birthweight were assessed.ResultsA lower NBW quartile was associated with an increased maternal risk of postpartum glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus. The adjusted odds ratios for maternal glucose intolerance were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13–2.51) in the lowest NBW quartile (NBW 1,980–2,930 g) when compared with the highest NBW quartile (NBW 3,410–4,610 g). The association between lower NBW and maternal glucose intolerance was significantly stronger in women who delivered a girl. Additionally, NBW ≥3,100 g appears to be associated with a lower risk of maternal glucose intolerance postpartum.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that low NBW is a previously unrecognized risk factor for maternal glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes in early postpartum in South China.
Morph‐dependent fitness and directional change of morph frequencies over time in a Dutch population of Common buzzards Buteo buteo
Authors: Kappers Elena Frederika , de Vries Christiaan , Alberda Anneke , Kuhn Sylvia , Valcu Mihai , Kempenaers Bart , Both Christiaan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow genetic polymorphisms are maintained in a population is a key question in evolutionary ecology. Previous work on a plumage colour polymorphism in the common buzzard Buteo buteo suggested heterozygote advantage as the mechanism maintaining the co‐existence of three morphs (light, intermediate and dark). We took advantage of 20 years of life‐history data collected in a Dutch population to replicate earlier studies on the relationship between colour morph and fitness in this species. We examined differences between morphs in adult apparent survival, breeding success, annual number of fledglings produced and cumulative reproductive success. We found that cumulative reproductive success differed among morphs, with the intermediate morph having highest fitness. We also found assortative mating for colour morph, whereby assortative pairs were more likely to produce offspring and had longer‐lasting pair bonds than disassortative pairs. Over the 20‐year study period, the proportion of individuals with an intermediate morph increased. This apparent evolutionary change did not just arise from selection on individual phenotypes, but also from fitness benefits of assortative mating. The increased frequency of intermediates might also be due to immigration or drift. We hypothesize that genetic variation is maintained through spatial variation in selection pressures. Further studies should investigate morph‐dependent dispersal behaviour and habitat choice.
Comparison of the combination of recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone and recombinant luteinizing hormone protocol versus human menopausal gonadotropin protocol in controlled ovarian stimulation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yuning , Li Ling , Deng Ke , Liu Jiali , Liu Yanmei , Zou Kang , Hao Guimin , Sun Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of a combination of recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) and recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) protocol versus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) protocol in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data were searched to collect studies published prior to January 2019 on the efficacy of rFSH combined with rLH versus hMG alone in COS. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, conducted the data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias for all selected studies. Then, Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsThere were 2767 patients from 9 studies. The results showed that among patients aged >30 years for IUI, the combination of rFSH and rLH was superior to hMG alone in clinical pregnancy rate per patient (relative risk [RR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.12) and endometrial thickness (mean difference [MD] = 0.34, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.64). In patients over 30 years old who received IVF, the results tended to favor the combination of rFSH and rLH in clinical pregnancy rate per patient (RR = 4.48, 95% CI 1.15 to 17.46) and live birth rate per started cycle (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.71). In patients less than 30 years old who received IVF, the combination of rFSH and rLH was superior to hMG in the number of retrieved oocytes (MD = 3.70, 95% CI 3.27 to 4.13) and inferior to hMG in number of high‐quality embryos (MD = –0.60, 95% CI –0.91 to –0.29).ConclusionThe combination of rFSH and rLH may have better efficacy than hMG alone in COS. However, considering the limited sample size of the included studies, the current evidence is not definitive.