bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring potato seed lots to control blackleg in fields in Switzerland and southern Germany
Authors: de Werra Patrice , Kopp Christoph , Häberli Martin , Stöcker Ingo , Keil Andrea , Debonneville Christophe , Oberhänsli Thomas , Altenbach Denise , Keiser Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPotato blackleg is a seedborne disease that can cause significant economic losses for growers. Disease development depends mainly on two drivers, namely seed inoculum and local climatic conditions. To better establish the relationship between these two drivers, blackleg development was monitored in Swiss field trials at multiple locations from 2010 to 2013 involving three sets of naturally infected seed lots planted in each of three locations. The seed lot itself was thereby the most important factor explaining differences in disease development, rather than environmental factors. In a further on‐farm project conducted at various locations in Switzerland and southern Germany from 2013 to 2015, the implementation of a seed‐testing procedure was investigated. A total of 177 seed lots were tested for natural latent infection with soft rot Pectobacteriaceae and the corresponding blackleg incidence was tracked in 242 fields. The reliability of the relationship between latent infection and field incidence was found to be strongly linked to the bacterial species. Dickeya spp. field infection could be predicted with an acceptable reliability, whereas Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, even when detected as latent tuber infection, was not consistently expressed as visual blackleg. Moreover, commonly found mixed latent infections with several bacterial species made it even harder to predict which bacteria would cause blackleg symptoms. Finally, variability in the reliability of seed testing may also be explained by differences in local farming practices. These trials over several years with naturally infected potato seed highlight the usefulness and limits of seed testing to manage blackleg.
The Slippery Slope: Struggling for Equity in the Academy in the Era of #MeToo
Authors: Knepper Hillary J. , Scutelnicu Gina , Tekula Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe complexity of the sexual harassment language of the #MeToo movement creates discontinuities that may muddy intended communications. Yet understanding this language provides a fuller picture of the experiences that women face. Gender harassment has persisted in the workplace despite long‐standing antidiscrimination policies, perhaps because of a universal failure to recognize all forms of it—some of which are more pervasive and common than sexual abuse. This article considers the ability of the academy to affect sexual harassment in public administration. It discusses the implications of gender harassment, the least recognized form of sexual harassment, and makes recommendations for overcoming gender barriers in the academy and in practice. Evidence‐based guidance for advancing women in the academy may create more equitable and just spaces for teaching and learning. Public administration classrooms and scholarship represent critical opportunities to recognize patterns of organizational practice and systematically redress gender harassment in the workplace.
Absence of Sirtuin 1 impairs the testicular development in cattleyak by inactivating SF‐1
Authors: Yin Shi , Qin Wenchang , Wang Bin , Zhou Jingwen , Yang Liuqing , Xiong Xianrong , Li Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCattleyak, which are interspecific hybrids between cattle and yak, display much higher growth performances than yak. However, F1 male cattleyak are infertile due to defective testicular development. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase that is essential for various biological processes, while the roles of testicular SIRT1 in yak and cattleyak are still poorly understood. Here, we found that SIRT1 was localized in various kinds of yak testicular cells except elongated spermatids while it was deficient in cattleyak testis. Further studies indicated that cattleyak testis exhibited decreased histone acetylation levels on H3 and H4. One of SIRT1 co‐factors, steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1), was lost in cattleyak testis at protein level. Expressions of several SF‐1 target genes responsible for Sertoli cell development and steroidogenesis, including STAR, CYP11A1, CYP26B1, FDX1 and HSD3B, decreased significantly in cattleyak testis. In addition, SIRT1‐mediated P53 acetylation was not responsible for the cell apoptosis in cattleyak testis. Taken together, our results suggested the deficiency of SIRT1 in yak testis caused inactivation of SF‐1 and the impairment of testicular development. This research provides theoretical bases for understanding the mechanism of cattleyak sterility and gives new insights in revealing the roles of SIRT1 in regulating yak testicular development.
Experimental methodology on the serviceability behaviour of reinforced ultra‐high performance fibre reinforced concrete tensile elements
Authors: Khorami Majid , Navarro‐Gregori Juan , Serna Pedro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesign codes include serviceability limit state (SLS) provisions for stress, crack, and deflection control in concrete structures, which may limit the structural design. When drawing on reinforced ultra‐high performance fibre‐reinforced concrete (R‐UHPFRC), the process of cracking differs significantly from traditional concretes. Thus, it remains unclear whether the traditional provisions are applicable to R‐UHPFRC or should be reviewed. Uniaxial tensile tie test is an excellent option to analyse and review these criteria. This work proposes a novel test methodology to study the behaviour of R‐UHPFRC under serviceability conditions, which lets the study of the global and local deformation behaviour by using different measurement equipment. Two different types of R‐UHPFRC ties with variant fibre content were tested. The global average tensile stress–strain curve, cracking behaviour, number, and width of cracks were obtained. Promising preliminary results admitted that this methodology can be useful to propose design criteria of R‐UHPFRC under SLS.
Direct‐acting antivirals ability to clear intestinal HCV‐RNA in liver transplant patients
Authors: Pietrosi Giada , Russelli Giovanna , Barbera Floriana , Curcio Gabriele , Tuzzolino Fabio , Gallo Alessia , Volpes Riccardo , Vizzini Giovanni , Conaldi Pier Giulio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hepatitis C virus mainly infects the liver but is also able to infect and replicate in other body compartments by creating an extra‐hepatic reservoir that may influence the persistence of the infection after transplantation. It is unknown whether antiviral drugs affect the viral extra‐hepatic sites. We evaluated the ability of pegylated/interferon + ribavirin and sofosbuvir + ribavirin to clear the virus from the gastrointestinal mucosa of liver‐transplanted patients with HCV recurrence after transplantation.A total of 51 liver‐transplanted patients, 30 treated with pegylated/interferon + ribavirin (ERA1) and 21 treated with sofosbuvir + ribavirin (ERA2), were enrolled, and blood serum and gastrointestinal tissues analyzed for the presence of HCV‐RNA.In the ERA1 group, the 46.6% of patients had a sustained viral response to antiviral treatment, and gastrointestinal biopsies were positive for HCV in 73.3% of cases, 54.5% of responders, and 45.5% of non‐responders. In the ERA2 group, the 66.6% had a sustained viral response, and gastrointestinal HCV‐RNA was present in the 14.3% of patients, all relapsers. Sofosbuvir + ribavirin cleared the intestinal HCV in 85.7% of patients with recurrent HCV infection, while pegylated/interferon + ribavirin cleared it in 26.6% of treated patients, demonstrating the better effectiveness of new direct antiviral agents in clearing HCV intestinal reservoir.
Chronic antioxidant administration restores macrovascular function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Bunsawat Kanokwan , Ratchford Stephen M. , Alpenglow Jeremy K. , Park Soung Hun , Jarrett Catherine L. , Stehlik Josef , Drakos Stavros G. , Richardson Russell S. , Wray D. Walter 
Published: June 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We aimed to examine oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and macro‐ and microvascular function in response to 30 days of oral antioxidant administration in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We observed an approximately twofold improvement in macrovascular function, assessed via brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation, and a reduction in oxidative stress after antioxidant administration in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The improvement in macrovascular function was reversed 1 week after treatment cessation. These findings have identified the potential of oral antioxidant administration to optimize macrovascular health in this patient group.

AbstractHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by macrovascular dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress that may be mitigated by antioxidant (AOx) administration. In this prospective study, we assessed flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and reactive hyperaemia responses in 14 healthy, older control participants and 14 patients with HFrEF, followed by 30 days of oral AOx administration (1 g vitamin C, 600 I.U. vitamin E and 0.6 g α‐lipoic acid) in the patient group. Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and AOx capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma) were also assessed. Patients with HFrEF had a lower %FMD (2.63 ± 1.57%) than control participants (5.62 ± 2.60%), and AOx administration improved %FMD in patients with HFrEF (30 days, 4.90 ± 2.38%), effectively restoring macrovascular function to that of control participants. In a subset of patients, we observed a progressive improvement in %FMD across the treatment period (2.62 ± 1.62, 4.23 ± 2.69, 4.33 ± 2.24 and 4.97 ± 2.56% at days 0, 10, 20 and 30, respectively, n = 12) that was abolished 7 days after treatment cessation (2.99 ± 1.78%, n = 9). No difference in reactive hyperaemia was evident between groups or as a consequence of the AOx treatment. Ferric reducing ability of plasma levels increased (from 6.08 ± 2.80 to 6.70 ± 1.59 mm, day 0 versus 30) and malondialdehyde levels decreased (from 6.81 ± 2.80 to 6.22 ± 2.84 μm, day 0 versus 30) after treatment. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of chronic AOx administration in attenuating oxidative stress, improving AOx capacity and restoring macrovascular function in patients with HFrEF.
What Occupational Socialization Factors Influence Preservice Teachers to Possess Fitness Orientations?
Authors: Parkes Craig , Hemphill Michael A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the existence of fitness orientations among preservice teachers (PTs) and to identify what has influenced these orientations. Methods: The participants were 14 undergraduate PTs enrolled in a physical education teacher education games methods course in the Northeast United States. Qualitative data were collected through autobiographical essays, orientation of self-identification diagrams, and semistructured interviews. NVivo 11 Pro (QSR International, Burlington, MA) software package was employed to analyze data using analytic induction and constant comparison techniques. Results: Twelve PTs possessed moderate (n = 9) or hardcore (n = 3) fitness orientations. Orientations were influenced by three themes: (a) declining physical education quality, (b) elite sport fitness goals, and (c) former head sports coaches and/or current strength and conditioning coaches. Discussion: Faculty must understand the diverse orientation combinations that PTs can now possess and appreciate the acculturation and professional socialization factors that influence and reinforce the development of these orientations.
Parametrisations of relativistic energy density functionals with tensor couplings
Authors: Typel Stefan , Alvear Terrero Diana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relativistic density functional with minimal density dependent nucleon–meson couplings for nuclei and nuclear matter is extended to include tensor couplings of the nucleons to the vector mesons. The dependence of the minimal couplings on either vector or scalar densities is explored. New parametrisations are obtained by a fit to nuclear observables with uncertainties that are determined self-consistently. The corresponding nuclear matter parameters at saturation are determined including their uncertainties. An improvement in the description of nuclear observables, in particular for binding energies and diffraction radii, is found when tensor couplings are considered, accompanied by an increase of the Dirac effective mass. The equations of state for symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter are studied for all models. The density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy, the Dirac effective masses and scalar densities is explored. Problems at high densities for parametrisations using a scalar density dependence of the couplings are identified due to the rearrangement contributions in the scalar self-energies that lead to vanishing Dirac effective masses.
Physical velocity of particles in relativistic curved momentum space
Authors: Mignemi Salvatore , Rosati Giacomo 
Published: June 2020

We show in general that for a relativistic theory with curved momentum space, i.e. a theory with deformed relativistic symmetries, the physical velocity of particles coincides with their group velocity. This clarifies a long-standing question about the discrepancy between coordinate and group velocity for this kind of theories. The first evidence that this was the case had been obtained at linear order in the deformation parameter in Ref. 1 for the specific case of [Formula: see text]-momentum space. The proof was based on the recent understanding of how relative locality affects these scenarios. Here we rely again on a careful implementation of relative locality effects, and obtain our result for a generic (relativistic) curved momentum space framework at all orders in the deformation/curvature parameter. We also discuss the validity of this result when the deformation depends on the coordinates as well as on the momenta.
Abstract A11: Urine sample-derived cerebral organoids suitable for modeling brain development and pathogenesis
Authors: Hu Jiangnan , Lin Victor , Goldberg Mark , Wang Yu-chieh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human cerebral organoids (COs) have been leveraged in many recent studies that led to significant discoveries regarding developmental biology, disease mechanisms, and pharmacologic responses in the central nervous system. Here, we intend to establish cerebral organoids suitable for modeling brain development and pathogenesis based on somatic cells that are isolated noninvasively. The development of such organoids began with the collection of urinary epithelial cells (UECs) from human urine samples. We have obtained multiple lines of human UEC-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hUEC-iPSCs) by cell reprogramming. COs were generated from hUEC-iPSCs using a protocol optimized by our group. To comprehensively characterize the cellular and molecular features of our COs, we examined samples at different developmental time points. The hUEC-iPSC-developed COs exhibit normal development with neurogenesis and maturation of neuronal cells forming brain layers. These COs produce neurotropic and anti-inflammatory factors that are presumably critical for neurogenesis and neural repair. Several metalloproteases that may facilitate cell migration and microenvironment rearrangement are also present. After transplantation into the mouse cerebrum, vascularization quickly develops in the implanted COs, suggesting their viability and ability to interact with the environment. To gauge cellular plasticity of hUEC-iPSC-developed COs along their development, we exposed the COs that were developed using three different protocols and initially committed to telencephalic development to culture media containing FGF2 and FGF19. Multiple markers of the developing hindbrain were highly upregulated in the COs, indicating that their cellular plasticity and potential to be reprogrammed into noncerebral neural tissue in response to optimized stimuli. Overall, our work begins to reveal the promise of generating personalized COs from cells that are isolated from urine samples. These COs present with cellular plasticity that permits a possibility of generating neural tissue of various brain regions by converting prosencephalic organoids into a mesencephalic or rhombencephalic fate. With further adaptation, this human CO platform could form a unique and personalized model for the investigation of neural development influenced by oncogenic signaling and facilitate the development of novel therapies for treating neurologic malignancy.
Citation Format: Jiangnan Hu, Victor Lin, Mark Goldberg, Yu-chieh Wang. Urine sample-derived cerebral organoids suitable for modeling brain development and pathogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A11.
Abstract B03: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival and enriched in JAK2 variants
Authors: Li Marissa , Binder Moritz , Basha Basma , Zhang Ben , Ferrer Alejandro , Liu Yuanhan , Patnaik Mrinal , Viswanatha David , Gangat Naseema 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of two very rare subtypes of AML: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF). Our goal is to describe the clinical-pathologic features of APMF and explore the genomic landscape AMKL to further understand these rare malignancies. We identified 35 patients diagnosed with AMKL (n=27) and APMF (n=8) at Mayo Clinic between 1995 and 2015 by retrospective chart review. For 10 of the AMKL patients, tissue was available for whole-exome sequencing and was analyzed in comparison to a published AML reference population. The median overall survival was shorter in patients with AMKL (3.9 months, 95% CI 1.7-7.4) than in patients with APMF (14.3 months, 95% CI 0.7-NE, p = 0.026,). For both AMKL and APMF, patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had better overall survival (14.3 months, 95% CI 1.9-NE) compared to those not undergoing transplantation (4.6 months, 95% CI 1.5-7.4, p = 0.003). Patients with AMKL presented more frequently with splenomegaly, with higher peripheral blood blast counts, and with higher serum lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. 9 out of 10 AMKL patients with available tissue for sequencing demonstrated variants in 22 of 35 AML driver genes, with JAK2 V617F as the most common mutation. Although our small study numbers preclude firm conclusions, it does reflect the rarity of these AML subtypes. Furthermore, inferior survival in AMKL (compared to APMF) was reflected in its proliferative disease features such as splenomegaly, high blast counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase. Interestingly, the presence of JAK2 V617F variants in 40% of the interrogated samples was higher than expected. Although JAK2 is a known molecular driver in myeloproliferative neoplasms, it is actually very rare in de novo AML (~1%). Despite improved survival with allogeneic stem cell transplant, we can conclude that treatment outcomes for AMKL and APMF with standard-of-care therapy were sobering and that patients with these rare AML subtypes should undergo molecular evaluation to qualify them for clinical trials with novel targeted therapies.
Citation Format: Marissa Li, Moritz Binder, Basma Basha, Ben Zhang, Alejandro Ferrer, Yuanhan Liu, Mrinal Patnaik, David Viswanatha, Naseema Gangat. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival and enriched in JAK2 variants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
Abstract B17: Modeling genomic complexity of colorectal cancer using multigenic Drosophila models
Authors: Gopinath Sindhura , Cagan Ross , Schadt Eric 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death worldwide, with an estimated 53,000 deaths in 2019 in the US alone. Despite significant progress made in elucidating mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, targeted therapies have shown limited efficacy for inoperable or metastatic CRC tumors, especially KRAS or BRAF mutant tumors, which account for more than half (~55%) of CRC tumors. Several targeted inhibitors have failed clinical trials for CRC despite proving effective in preclinical CRC studies and other cancer types. A potential reason for this resistance is the presence of several other mutations in the tumors. CRC patient tumors present significant genetic heterogeneity with mutations in genes in several other major signaling pathways. We address the challenge of genetic complexity by constructing a population of multigenic Drosophila CRC models incorporating 7-15 gene alterations in each line. This population of CRC fly lines models the genetic heterogeneity of CRC by basing the genotype of each fly line on an individual patient’s tumor genotype, with a focus on Ras mutant tumors. Our work has identified multiple combinations of FDA-approved compounds that have shown efficacy in some complex multigenic models and not others. Bangi et al. (2019) discuss the results from the first human CRC patient to be treated with the recommended combination identified from screening the patient-matched fly model. My work aims to uncover the mechanisms of response and resistance presented by the population of heterogeneous CRC genotypes. My results show that there is variability in therapeutic response between different patient genotypes, even when they contain the same known CRC cancer drivers (such as Ras, p53, APC, etc.). I am investigating the downstream transcriptional and signaling networks activated by these genotypes to assess their contribution to resistance or response to specific therapeutic agents.
Citation Format: Sindhura Gopinath, Ross Cagan, Eric Schadt. Modeling genomic complexity of colorectal cancer using multigenic Drosophila models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.