bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hexayne Amphiphiles and Bolaamphiphiles
Authors: Bomal Enzo , Croué Vincent , Yeo Reuben , Scopelliti Rosario , Frauenrath Holger 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOligoynes with two or more conjugated carbon–carbon triple bonds are useful precursors for carbon‐rich nanomaterials. However, their range of applications has so far been severely limited by the challenging syntheses, particularly in the case of oligoynes with functional groups. Here, we report a universal synthetic approach towards both symmetric and unsymmetric, functionalized hexaynes through the use of a modified Eglinton–Galbraith coupling and a sacrificial building block. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach by preparing hexaynes functionalized with phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, ammonium, or thiol head groups, which serve as neutral, cationogenic, or anionogenic interfacially active groups. We show that these hexaynes are carbon‐rich amphiphiles or bolaamphiphiles that self‐assemble at liquid–liquid interfaces, on solid surfaces, as well as in aqueous media.
Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Alcântara Arthur F. P. , Fontana Liniquer A. , Almeida Marlon P. , Rigolin Vitor H. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Barros Wdeson P. , Megiatto Jackson D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 5,15‐bis(1,1′‐biphenyl)porphyrin‐based molecular clip covalently connected to a ditopic aliphatic ester loop moiety yields a semi‐rigid macrocycle with a well‐defined cavity. The resulting macrocycle fits the structural requirements for the preparation of porphyrinates capable of promoting formation of C−C bonds. To demonstrate the usefulness of porphyrin‐based macrocycles, an active‐metal‐template synthesis of rotaxanes through a redox non‐innocent carbene transfer reaction is described. Coordination of CoII ions into the porphyrin subunit followed by addition of appropriate monodentate nitrogen‐based additives to function as axial ligands enables the radical carbene transfer reactions to styrene derivatives to occur exclusively through the cavity of the macrocycle to afford cyclopropane‐linked rotaxanes in excellent 95 % yield. Investigation of the product distribution afforded from the rotaxane assembly reaction reveals how the redox cooperative action between the carbene species and the CoII ions can be manipulated to gain control over the radical‐type mechanism to favor the productive rotaxane forming process.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Regioselective Functionalization of Monophosphino‐o‐Carboranes
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Yang , Zhang Xuepeng , Yuan Jia , Yue Chang‐Duo , Meng Sixuan , Chen Jian , Yu Guang‐Ao , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA facile approach to the synthesis of diaryl‐ and dialkyl‐substituted monophosphino‐o‐carboranes by rhodium(I)‐catalyzed phosphine‐directed B3,6−H activation has been developed for the first time. Upon switching rhodium(I) to palladium(II), C‐arylated and B6‐halogenated products were obtained by using tBuOLi and Li2CO3 as base, respectively. These discoveries provide some simple and efficient approaches to the modification of monophosphino‐o‐carboranes.
Constructive Quantum Interference in Single‐Molecule Benzodichalcogenophene Junctions
Authors: Baghernejad Masoud , Yang Yang , Al‐Owaedi Oday A. , Aeschi Yves , Zeng Biao‐Feng , Abd Dawood Zahra Murtada , Li Xiaohui , Liu Junyang , Shi Jia , Decurtins Silvio , Liu Shi‐Xia , Hong Wenjing , Lambert Colin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeteroatom substitution into the cores of alternant, aromatic hydrocarbons containing only even‐membered rings is attracting increasing interest as a method of tuning their electrical conductance. Here, the effect of heteroatom substitution into molecular cores of non‐alternant hydrocarbons, containing odd‐membered rings, is examined. Benzodichalcogenophene (BDC) compounds are rigid, planar π‐conjugated structures, with molecular cores containing five‐membered rings fused to a six‐membered aryl ring. To probe the sensitivity or resilience of constructive quantum interference (CQI) in these non‐bipartite molecular cores, two C2‐symmetric molecules (I and II) and one asymmetric molecule (III) were investigated. I (II) contains S (O) heteroatoms in each of the five‐membered rings, while III contains an S in one five‐membered ring and an O in the other. Differences in their conductances arise primarily from the longer S−C and shorter O−C bond lengths compared with the C−C bond and the associated changes in their resonance integrals. Although the conductance of III is significantly lower than the conductances of the others, CQI was found to be resilient and persist in all molecules.
Tricoordinate Coinage Metal Complexes with a Redox‐Active Tris‐(Ferrocenyl)triazine Backbone Feature Triazine–Metal Interactions
Authors: Straube Axel , Coburger Peter , Ringenberg Mark R. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2,4,6‐Tris(1‐diphenylphosphanyl‐1’‐ferrocenylene)‐1,3,5‐triazine (1) coordinates all three coinage metal(I) ions in a 1:1 tridentate coordination mode. The C3‐symmetric coordination in both solid state and solution is stabilised by an uncommon cation–π interaction between the triazine core and the metal cation. Intramolecular dynamic behaviour was observed by variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy. The borane adduct of 1, 1BH3, displays four accessible oxidation states, suggesting complexes of 1 to be intriguing candidates for redox‐switchable catalysis. Complexes 1Cu, 1Ag, and 1Au display a more complicated electrochemical behaviour, and the electrochemical mechanism was studied by temperature‐resolved UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry and chemical oxidation.
A Mechanistically and Operationally Simple Route to Metal–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes
Authors: Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Nahra Fady , Falivene Laura , Cavallo Luigi , Saab Marina , Van Hecke Kristof , Collado Alba , Collett Christopher J. , Smith Andrew D. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have been puzzled by the involvement of weak organic and inorganic bases in the synthesis of metal–N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Such bases are insufficiently strong to permit the presumed required deprotonation of the azolium salt (the carbene precursor) prior to metal binding. Experimental and computational studies provide support for a base‐assisted concerted process that does not require free NHC formation. The synthetic protocol was found applicable to a number of transition‐metal‐ and main‐group‐centered NHC compounds and could become the synthetic route of choice to form M–NHC bonds.
A Combinatorial Virtual Screening Approach Driving the Synthesis of 2,4‐Thiazolidinedione‐Based Molecules as New Dual mPGES‐1/5‐LO Inhibitors
Authors: Lauro Gianluigi , Terracciano Stefania , Cantone Vincenza , Ruggiero Dafne , Fischer Katrin , Pace Simona , Werz Oliver , Bruno Ines , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO), two key enzymes involved in pro‐inflammatory eicosanoid biosynthesis, represents a new strategy for treating inflammatory disorders. Herein we report the discovery of 2,4‐thiazolidinedione‐based mPGES‐1/5‐LO dual inhibitors following a multidisciplinary protocol, involving virtual combinatorial screening, chemical synthesis, and validation of the biological activities for the selected compounds. Following the multicomponent‐based chemical route for the decoration of the 2,4‐thiazolidinedione core, a large library of virtual compounds was built (∼2.0×104 items) and submitted to virtual screening. Nine selected molecules were synthesized and biologically evaluated, disclosing among them four compounds able to reduce the activity of both enzymes in the mid‐ and low‐ micromolar range of activities. These results are of interest for further expanding the chemical diversity around the 2,4‐thiazolidinedione central core, facilitating the identification of novel anti‐inflammatory agents endowed with a promising and safer pharmacological profile.
Genomic selection helps accelerate popcorn population breeding
Authors: Schwantes Ismael Albino , do Amaral Júnior Antônio Teixeira , de Almeida Filho Janeo Eustáquio , Vivas Marcelo , Silva Cabral Pablo Diego , Gonçalves Guimarães Amanda , de Lima e Silva Fernando Higino , Araújo Diniz Santos Pedro Henrique , Gonzaga Pereira Messias , Pio Viana Alexandre , Ferreira Pena Guilherme , Alves Ferreira Fernando Rafael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecurrent selection is a method for developing new popcorn (Zea mays L.) cultivars. We aimed to determine the selection accuracy and genetic gains for different selection strategies: estimates based exclusively on phenotypic data (PhEN), estimates based on phenotypic and genotypic data (PhEN + GEN), and estimates based exclusively on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotyping (GEN). For the GEN strategy, we tested, via simulation, the possibility of reducing the number of SNPs and increasing the training population. The traits evaluated were 100‐grain weight, ear height, grain yield, popping expansion, plant height, and popping volume. Field trials were undertaken with 98 S1 progenies at two locations in an incomplete block design with three replications. The progenies’ parents were genotyped with a panel of ∼10,507 SNPs. As predicted by the GEN strategy at different selection intensities, the average annual genetic gain for the different traits were 29.1 and 25.2% higher than those of PhEN and GEN + PhEN for 98 candidates; 148.3 and 140.9% higher for 500; and 187.9 and 179.4% higher for 1,000 selection candidates, respectively. Recurrent genomic selection may result in high genetic gain, provided that: (a) phenotyping is accurate; (b) selection intensity is explored by genotyping several progenies and increasing the number of candidates; (c) genomic selection is used for early selection; and (d) the model is adjusted for a few more cycles of phenotyping. The simulation suggests that desirable values of genetic gain may be obtained by reducing the number of SNPs and increasing the training population size.
Electrochemically Driven Formation of Sponge‐Like Porous Silver Nanocubes Toward Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to CO
Authors: Fan Tingting , Wu Qiuling , Yang Zhou , Song Yipeng , Zhang Jiguang , Huang Pingping , Chen Zhou , Dong Yunyun , Fang Weiping , Yi Xiaodong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable products by utilizing renewable electricity is a thriving research field. For electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO, uniform sponge‐like porous Ag nanocubes (SPC‐Ag) integrated on carbon paper are prepared by using an electrochemically driven method. The SPC‐Ag has a 3 D porous structure and a large specific surface area, which affords abundant active sites for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), as well as reducing impedance to accelerate the CO2RR kinetics. This distinctive organization affords SPC‐Ag with outstanding electrocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction to CO. High faradaic efficiency (>90 %) and large partial current density for CO with excellent durability are observed in a wide potential window, with a maximum value of 93 % at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.
IEEE 802.11n: Joint modulation‐coding and guard interval adaptation scheme for throughput enhancement
Authors: Patil Pravinkumar , Patil Meenakshi , Itraj Santosh , Bombale Uttam 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIEEE 802.11n is a high‐speed wireless broadband local area networking standard. IEEE 802.11n‐based devices are using some kind of adaptive modulation‐coding (AMC) scheme to adjust its transmission rate according to the radio channel condition. In these devices, however, the concept of guard interval adaptation is not been considered. Normally, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology‐based systems are using the guard interval much greater than the length of the channel impulse response. However, many previous works have shown that the choice of the larger guard interval is inefficient in terms of achievable throughput. IEEE802.11n supports using two guard intervals (short = 400 ns or long = 800 ns). Indeed, the shorter guard interval evidently results in intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI), but the gain offered by shortened guard interval may exceed the loss caused by interference. In this paper, we propose a novel but simple solution for the guard interval adaptation joint with an adaptive modulation‐coding scheme to optimize the throughput performance of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. This paper aims to analyze the effect of joint adaptive modulation‐coding and the guard interval (JAMCGI) algorithm on the WLAN system under bit‐error‐rate (BER) constraints. Simulation results and their analysis show a significant increase in the throughput performance of the WLAN system with our proposed algorithm.
Connection between seminiferous tubules and epididymal duct is originally induced before sex differentiation in a sex‐independent manner
Authors: Omotehara Takuya , Wu Xi , Kuramasu Miyuki , Itoh Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpermatozoa in mammals develop in seminiferous tubules in a testis and are transported through the male reproductive tract. Their developmental origins are, however, different from each other; the seminiferous tubules are testicular (gonadal) structure but the subsequent ducts stem from the mesonephros. Although some mechanisms should function for the connection between these ducts, there are few reports on them. In the present study, basic information such as timing, localization, and cell types involved in the connection was obtained by sequential immunohistochemistry.ResultsAt the time when the undifferentiated gonad differentiates into the testis or ovary, Adrenal‐4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor‐1 (Ad4BP/SF‐1)‐positive gonadal cells were noted in the mesonephric tubules (MT) in both sexes. At an earlier stage, although Ad4BP/SF‐1‐positive coelomic epithelial cells were adjacent to the MT, a basal membrane around them was not observed.ConclusionsThe connection between the testis cords and MT is suggested to be induced between Ad4BP/SF‐1‐positive gonadal cells and the MT before sex differentiation in a sex‐independent manner.
Body appreciation and intuitive eating in eating disorder recovery
Authors: Koller Katherine A. , Thompson Katherine A. , Miller Alexandra J. , Walsh Emily C. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder recovery research has emphasized the absence of symptoms over the presence of adaptive aspects like positive body image and healthy eating attitudes. The current study examined how body appreciation and intuitive eating related to eating disorder recovery using a comprehensive recovery definition (physical, behavioral, and cognitive recovery).MethodData were collected from 66 women with an eating disorder history and 31 controls with no history of eating pathology. Participants completed an online survey followed by a phone interview.ResultsThe fully recovered group did not differ from controls on body appreciation, with both groups endorsing significantly higher levels of body appreciation than the partially recovered and current eating disorder groups. Similarly, the fully recovered group did not differ from controls on overall intuitive eating, with both groups endorsing significantly higher levels of overall intuitive eating than the partially recovered and current eating disorder groups.DiscussionPositive psychological constructs such as body appreciation and intuitive eating relate to eating disorder recovery status. Understanding recovery within a strengths‐based framework may inform intervention and relapse prevention.
Influence of density and salinity on larval development of salt‐adapted and salt‐naïve frog populations
Authors: Albecker Molly A. , Pahl Matthew , Smith Melanie , Wilson Jefferson G. , McCoy Michael W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnvironmental change and habitat fragmentation will affect population densities for many species. For those species that have locally adapted to persist in changed or stressful habitats, it is uncertain how density dependence will affect adaptive responses. Anurans (frogs and toads) are typically freshwater organisms, but some coastal populations of green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) have adapted to brackish, coastal wetlands. Tadpoles from coastal populations metamorphose sooner and demonstrate faster growth rates than inland populations when reared solitarily. Although saltwater exposure has adaptively reduced the duration of the larval period for coastal populations, increases in densities during larval development typically increase time to metamorphosis and reduce rates of growth and survival. We test how combined stressors of density and salinity affect larval development between salt‐adapted (“coastal”) and nonsalt‐adapted (“inland”) populations by measuring various developmental and metamorphic phenotypes. We found that increased tadpole density strongly affected coastal and inland tadpole populations similarly. In high‐density treatments, both coastal and inland populations had reduced growth rates, greater exponential decay of growth, a smaller size at metamorphosis, took longer to reach metamorphosis, and had lower survivorship at metamorphosis. Salinity only exaggerated the effects of density on the time to reach metamorphosis and exponential decay of growth. Location of origin affected length at metamorphosis, with coastal tadpoles metamorphosing slightly longer than inland tadpoles across densities and salinities. These findings confirm that density has a strong and central influence on larval development even across divergent populations and habitat types and may mitigate the expression (and therefore detection) of locally adapted phenotypes.
Native tree and shrub canopy facilitates oak seedling regeneration in semiarid woodland
Authors: O'Donnell Lisa , Pickles Brian J. , Campbell Cristina M. , Moulton Laurel L. , Hauwert Nico M. , Gorzelak Monika A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOaks (Quercusspp.) are currently declining worldwide due to a multitude of threats. Woodland management is often heavily focused on thinning and burning nontarget species to reduce competition and promote oak dominance in the overstory. These techniques have typically been developed in temperate regions, such as eastern U.S. forests, but whether they are the most effective strategy for promoting oak regeneration in semiarid woodlands has not been sufficiently examined. We conducted our study on the eastern Edwards Plateau in central Texas, where several oak species are codominant with Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) over karst limestone terrane. These juniper‐oak woodlands provide habitat for many endemic species and play an essential role in the maintenance of key aquifers. A history of canopy clearing and a severe drought in 2011 generated patches of living and dead juniper‐oak canopy interspersed with canopy gaps in our study area. In November 2013, we planted 200 shin oak (Quercus sinuatavar.breviloba) acorns in each of three habitat treatments, replicated six times: (1) live canopy, (2) dead canopy, and (3) open invasive grassland. We monitored emergence and survival each year, harvesting five seedlings from each replicate in October 2017 to assess shoot height, rooting depth, biomass, ectomycorrhizal colonization, and foliar nutrients. Canopy trees, living or dead, significantly enhanced seedling emergence and survival. Survival was positively associated with increasing Ashe juniper and oak basal area, shrub cover, and soil organic matter, and negatively associated with increasing canopy gap size (complete mortality in gaps >220 m2). Seedling biomass increased significantly in dead and open treatments along with foliar nutrients N, P, and S (dead treatments) or S and Fe (open treatments), whereas ectomycorrhizal colonization and foliar nutrients Ca, Mg, and Mn increased under living canopy. Our findings suggest that oak regeneration in these juniper‐oak woodlands closely resembles that of Mediterranean regions, where canopy facilitates seedling survival. Both living and dead trees and shrubs enhanced oak regeneration, with seedling survival depending on proximity to larger trees, living roots, shrubs, and juniper‐oak canopy. Planting acorns under canopy is an inexpensive, sustainable, and effective restoration practice in drought‐prone ecosystems.
Effects of species traits, motif profiles, and environment on spatial variation in multi‐trophic antagonistic networks
Authors: McLeod Anne M. , Leroux Shawn J. , Chu Cindy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of antagonistic interactions across temporal and spatial scales is important for predicting community structure. In particular, studies examining spatial variation in ecological networks are critical for anticipating community responses to anthropogenic change. Most studies examining spatial interaction turnover focus on bipartite networks begging the question of whether the results are also reflected in unipartite, multi‐trophic networks. To examine the spatial turnover in food web interactions, the environmental and ecological drivers of this, and the influence of interaction turnover on the preservation of individual species’ roles, we used a spatially expansive multi‐trophic antagonistic ecological network data set of 129 lakes spanning over 1000 kms. We used β‐diversity metrics to quantify spatial turnover in interactions and calculated the relative contributions of interaction rewiring and turnover in top, intermediate, and basal species to network turnover. We then investigated the relative and combined role of multiple ecological drivers (e.g., abundance, thermal tolerance) and environmental drivers (e.g., latitude, total phosphorus) on internal network structure. Finally, we used a motif analysis to measure the effect of spatial interaction turnover on the variation in individual species’ roles. We observed high interaction turnover across lakes, driven primarily by turnover in basal species but also the rewiring of interactions among shared species, driven, in part by underlying environmental gradients (e.g., species richness). Contrary to previous food web models applied to single sites, none of the ecological drivers we considered were effective predictors of lake‐specific interactions perhaps indicating an important distinction between network model accuracy at regional and local extents. Finally, despite high spatial turnover in interactions, species’ roles were highly conserved across the study lakes demonstrating the potential of species’ roles for predicting community structure. These findings demonstrate how integrating species’ fundamental roles into trait‐based approaches may improve our predictions of ecological networks at local scales.