bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of burbot Lota lota in Germany: Implications for conservation and management
Authors: Wetjen Maj , Schmidt Thomas , Schrimpf Anne , Schulz Ralf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe genetic structure of the gadiform fish species, burbot Lota lota L., was investigated across Germany to derive management options for facilitating the preservation of genetic diversity. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial control region (n = 244) and microsatellite analysis (n = 861) of specimens from 20 sites revealed genetic structuring between major river basins, and particularly between lake and river habitats. The admixture zone between the Eurasian and West European phylogenetic clades in Lake Constance was confirmed and expanded to include the drainage basins of the rivers Rhine and Schlei/Trave. Haplotype distribution and private haplotypes in single river basins indicated population differentiation and imply that German burbot constituted an important part of the entire species' diversity. The derived genetic structuring has implications for future stocking programmes and the preservation of the adaptive potential of burbot, a guiding species for oligotrophic lakes in Europe.
Oceanographic habitat suitability is positively correlated with the body condition of a coastal‐pelagic fish
Authors: Champion Curtis , Hobday Alistair J. , Pecl Gretta T. , Tracey Sean R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpecies distribution models are commonly used to determine a species’ probability of occurrence but have not been used to examine the effect of environmental habitat suitability on fish condition, which is considered to be an integrated measure of physiological status. Here, we test for a relationship between oceanographic habitat suitability and the body condition of kingfish (Seriola lalandi) from eastern Australia. We (a) test whether individuals sampled from areas of high‐quality habitat were in better condition than individuals sampled from areas of low‐quality habitat, and (b) assess whether the condition of kingfish responded to oceanographic habitat suitability predicted at varying time‐before‐capture periods. Kingfish habitat was modelled as a function of sea surface temperature, sea‐level anomaly and eddy kinetic energy in a generalized additive modelling framework. Model predictions were made over one‐ to six‐week time‐before‐capture periods and compared to field‐derived kingfish condition data measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Oceanographic habitat suitability was significantly correlated with kingfish condition at time‐before‐capture periods ranging from one to four weeks and became increasingly correlated at shorter lead‐times. Our results highlight that (a) fish condition can respond sensitively to environmental variability and this response can be detected using oceanographic habitat suitability models, and (b) climate change may drive extensions in species range limits through spatial shifts in oceanographic habitat quality that allow individuals to persist beyond historical range boundaries without their body condition being compromised.
Environmental constraint of intraguild predation: Inorganic turbidity modulates omnivory in fairy shrimps
Authors: Lukić Dunja , Ptacnik Robert , Vad Csaba F. , Pόda Csenge , Horváth Zsόfia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOmnivory is widespread in food webs, with an important stabilising effect. The strength of omnivorous trophic interactions may change considerably with changes in the local environment.Shallow temporary waters are often characterised by high levels of inorganic turbidity that may directly limit the food uptake of filter‐feeding organisms, but there is little evidence on how it might affect omnivorous species. Anostracans are key species of temporary waters and recent evidence suggests that these organisms are omnivorous consumers of both phyto‐ and zooplankton.UsingBranchinecta orientalisas a model species, our aim was to test how turbidity affects the feeding of an omnivorous anostracan. To do this, we used short‐term feeding experiments and stable isotope analyses, with animals collected from soda pans in eastern Austria. In the feeding experiments, algae and zooplankton were offered as food either separately or in combination. The prey type treatments were crossed with turbidity levels in a factorial design.There was a pronounced decrease in the ingested algal biomass with increasing turbidity. Conversely, ingestion rates on zooplankton were less affected by turbidity. Stable isotope analyses from field material supported our experimental results by showing a positive relationship of the trophic position of anostracans and the trophic niche of the communities with turbidity.Our results show that turbidity modulates the intraguild trophic relationship between anostracans and their prey by shifting the diet of anostracans from more herbivorous in transparent to more carnivorous in turbid waters. Thus, inorganic turbidity might also have a community‐shaping role in plankton communities of temporary waters through altering trophic relationships.
Comparison of susceptibility to a toxic alien toad (Bufo japonicus formosus) between predators in its native and invaded ranges
Authors: Oyake Narumi , Sasaki Nayuta , Yamaguchi Aya , Fujita Hiroyuki , Tagami Masataka , Ikeya Koki , Takagi Masaki , Kobayashi Makoto , Abe Harue , Kishida Osamu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

To manage biological invasions effectively, the impacts of alien species on the demography and traits of native species must be known, but determining those impacts can be challenging. We used a comparative approach to gain insight into the impacts that an alien toad (Bufo japonicus formosus) might have on native Japanese predatory amphibians. We compared the susceptibility of native predator species to alien toad toxins in the alien‐invaded range and the susceptibility of closely related native predator species to the toxins in the alien toad's native range to investigate the impacts of an alien on a native species.

Bufo japonicus formosus is native to Honshu, but was recently introduced to Hokkaido and Sado. In laboratory experiments, we compared individual mortality of predators exposed to a toad hatchling between novel predators on the toad‐invaded islands and ecologically similar congeneric or conspecific species on Honshu, where the toad is native. We also compared (1) the percentage of individuals that consumed a toad hatchling and (2) toxin resistance (i.e. survival and growth of individuals after toad consumption) between these two groups of predators, as mechanistic components behind the susceptibility of the predators to the toxic prey.

The mortality of Rana pirica from all populations after consumption of a toad hatchling was almost 100%, and that of Hynobius retardatus ranged from 14 to 90%, depending on the population. In contrast, the mortality of Rana ornativentris and Hynobius nigrescens was near 0% regardless of population. These differences between congeneric predators were mostly due to differences in their toxin resistance.

These results suggest that the alien toad is a potential threat to the novel amphibian predators on Hokkaido, although they also imply that the novel predators on Hokkaido have the potential to develop toxin resistance through adaptive evolution. However, this counteradaptation may have a higher chance of evolving in H. retardatus than in R. pirica because of differences in their genetic backgrounds.
Heritage and the Middle East: Cities, power, and memory
Authors: Hammond Timur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn a moment of global urban change, migration, and political transformation, the politics and practices of cultural heritage might seem to have little import. However, this paper argues that focusing on cultural heritage in the Middle East provides two key insights with much broader relevance. First, examining how heritage is made (and unmade) shows one way that regions are constructed through the articulation of material and symbolic connections. Second, these regions might be better understood not as containers but as complexes in and in relation to which people articulate and communicate shared meanings. These insights build upon and extend recent theorizations of cultural geopolitics. In surveying an interdisciplinary body of scholarship on Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and the Gulf, this article seeks to expand the linkages between geography and Middle East area studies scholarship. It begins by connecting current debates about planetary urbanization in relation to a historiography of the “Middle Eastern city” and suggests that thinking in terms of heritage provides a novel approach for understanding both new and old regional imaginaries. It then highlights three dynamics that make the politics of heritage distinct in this region. It closes with a discussion of the dual role that heritage can play in both contesting and facilitating top‐down projects of dispossession and urban transformation.
Aging is independently associated with an increasing normal respiratory rate among an older adult population in a clinical setting: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Takayama Atsushi , Nagamine Takahiko , Kotani Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2019

AimClinical prediction scores for older patients are inaccurate, partially because they do not account for the effects of aging on the respiratory rate. The principal aim of the present study was to assess the effects of aging on the normal respiratory rate in older patients in a clinical setting.MethodsWe recruited 634 participants aged >59 years to <100 years who presented to our hospital (Iwakuni Municipal Miwa Hospital, for regular appointments without any new symptoms. We assessed the relationship between age and respiratory rate using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Jonckheere–Terpstra test. We carried out multiple linear regression analysis, with sex, age, blood pressure, heart rate and 14 comorbidities as dependent variables, and respiratory rate as the independent variable.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation respiratory rate for all for all participants was 16.1 ± 4.28. The mean ± standard deviation respiratory rates for individuals aged in their 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s were 14.8 ± 4.28, 15.5 ± 3.62, 16.37 ± 4.48 and 17.1 ± 4.45, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient between age and respiratory rate was 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.10–0.25). The Jonckheere–Terpstra test and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive trend between age group and respiratory rate (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough the correlation coefficient between age and respiratory rate was low (R = 0.17), aging was a statistically significant factor in determining the normal respiratory rate in older patients. Furthermore, the respiratory rate increased with age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1179–1183.
Theophylline exerts complex anti‐ageing and anti‐cytotoxicity effects in human skin ex vivo
Authors: Bertolini M. , Ramot Y. , Gherardini J. , Heinen G. , Chéret J. , Welss T. , Giesen M. , Funk W. , Paus R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTheophylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is being used clinically for asthma therapy. In addition, it is recognized as a cosmetic agent with possible anti‐ageing and anti‐oxidative properties. Nevertheless, how it affects human skin is still poorly examined.MethodsTheophylline (10 or 100 µM) was administered to the culture medium of full‐thickness human skin ex vivo for 24 or 72 h.ResultsTheophylline stimulated protein expression of the anti‐oxidant metallothionein‐1 and mRNA levels of collagen I and III. Assessment of fibrillin‐1 immunohistology revealed enhanced structural stability of dermal microfibrils. Theophylline also exerted extracellular matrix‐protective effects by decreasing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 mRNA levels, partially antagonizing the effects of menadione, the potent, toxic ROS donor. In addition, it decreased menadione‐stimulated epidermal keratinocytes apoptosis. Interestingly, theophylline also increased the level of intracutaneously produced melatonin, that is the most potent ROS‐protective and DNA damage repair neuromediator, and tendentially increased protein expression of MT1, the melatonin receptor. Theophylline also increased the expression of keratin 15, the stem cell marker, in the epidermal basal layer but did not change mitochondrial activity or epidermal pigmentation.ConclusionThis ex vivo pilot study in human skin shows that theophylline possesses several interesting complex skin‐protective properties. It encourages further examination of theophylline as a topical candidate for anti‐ageing treatment.
IgG from atopic dermatitis patients induces non‐atopic infant thymic invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to produce IL‐4, IL‐17, and IL‐10
Authors: Santos Ludimila S. , Sgnotto Fabio da Ressureição , Sousa Thamires R. , Orfali Raquel L. , Aoki Valéria , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Victor Jefferson R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated, but invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell involvement was already described by several groups. Our group has demonstrated that IgG antibodies purified from AD patients can modulate cytokine production by thymic T cells. Here we aimed to investigate if IgG from AD patients can modulate infant non‐atopic thymic iNKT cells cytokine production in order to collaborate with the elucidation of AD development in infancy.MethodsThymic tissues were obtained from children from non‐atopic mothers, and IgG was purified from AD patients diagnosed as moderate or severe and, as controls, from subjects clinically classified as non‐atopic individuals. PBMCs from non‐atopic individuals were also used in this study.ResultsOur results demonstrated that IgG from AD patients could induce non‐atopic children thymic iNKT cells to produce higher levels of intracellular IL‐4, IL‐10, and IL‐17 when compared to all control conditions. No effect was observed in non‐atopic adults peripheral iNKT. We also observed that IgG from AD patients induces an increase in the expression of CD4 and Rorγt transcription factor in non‐atopic children thymic iNKT cells compared to the condition of all controls.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that IgG from AD patients can induce a cytokine profile by thymic iNKT cells from non‐atopic infants compatible with the observations in AD development, which can collaborate with the elucidation of AD pathogenesis.
Effects of temperature, humidity, and diurnal temperature range on influenza incidence in a temperate region
Authors: Park Ji‐Eun , Son Woo‐Sik , Ryu Yeonhee , Choi Soo Beom , Kwon Okyu , Ahn Insung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of temperature and humidity on the incidence of influenza may differ by climate region. In addition, the effect of diurnal temperature range on influenza incidence is unclear, according to previous study findings.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of temperature, humidity, and diurnal temperature range on the incidence of influenza in Seoul, Republic of Korea, which is located in a temperate region.MethodsWe used Korean National Health insurance data to assess the weekly influenza incidence between 2010 and 2016, and used meteorological data from Seoul. To investigate the effect of temperature, relative humidity, and diurnal temperature range levels on influenza incidence, we used a distributed lag non‐linear model.ResultsThe risk of influenza incidence was significantly increased with low daily temperatures of 0‐5°C and low (30%–40%) or high (70%) relative humidity. We found a positive significant association between diurnal temperature range and influenza incidence in this study.ConclusionsInfluenza incidence increased with low temperature and low/high humidity in a temperate region. Influenza incidence also increased with high diurnal temperature range, after considering temperature and humidity.
Navigating the southern seas with small fins: Genetic connectivity of seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) across the Tasman Sea
Authors: Ashe Jimiane L. , Wilson Anthony B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimHistorical patterns of ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere have been well‐studied, but the effects of coastal oceanography on marine biogeography in this region remain poorly understood relative to northern latitudes. Our study investigates historical and contemporary patterns of migration and dispersal across the Tasman Sea.LocationCoastal regions of the Tasman Sea including southeastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.TaxonHippocampus abdominalis, the pot‐bellied seahorse, one of the most broadly distributed seahorse species, and the only seahorse to have successfully colonized New Zealand from Australia across 2,000 km of open ocean.MethodsWe used a multilocus genetic dataset to measure population diversity and differentiation from seahorses across the full species range to investigate contemporary and historical demography, and to reconstruct colonization routes across the Tasman Sea.ResultsGenetic data indicate that seahorses colonized New Zealand from Australia during the previous interglacial‐glacial cycle (12,000–120,000 ybp), and have evolved in relative isolation since the initial establishment event. Contemporary effective population sizes in the newly colonized range are substantially larger than those inferred in Australia, and both appear to be reduced relative to ancestral levels. Australian seahorses are genetically diverse and show high levels of population connectivity, while the distribution of genetic variation in New Zealand suggests an initial colonization of the South Island following by northward migration. Importantly, despite clear evidence that New Zealand seahorses are descendent from Australian ancestors, patterns of contemporary genetic diversity are consistent with trans‐Tasman migration from New Zealand to Australia, suggesting that genetic variation accumulated in the newly colonized range may be contributing to the genetic diversity of Australian seahorses.Main conclusionsDespite a largely independent evolutionary trajectory of seahorses separated by the Tasman Sea, haplotype sharing between populations in Australia and New Zealand suggests that secondary genetic exchange is contributing to the contemporary phylogeography of the species. Patterns of genetic structure in H. abdominalis mirror those found in other rafting species, suggesting that adult dispersal via rafting has been an important vector of marine dispersal in this species.
Sexual isolation with and without ecological isolation in marine isopods Jaera albifrons and J. praehirsuta
Authors: Ribardière Ambre , Pabion Elsa , Coudret Jérôme , Daguin‐Thiébaut Claire , Houbin Céline , Loisel Stéphane , Henry Sébastien , Broquet Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSexual barriers associated with mate choice are often found to be associated with some level of ecological isolation between species. The independence and relative strength of sexual isolation are thus difficult to assess. Here, we take advantage of a pair of marine isopod species (Jaera albifrons and J. praehirsuta) that show sexual isolation and coexist in populations where they share the same microhabitat or not (i.e. without or with ecological isolation). We estimated the strength of sexual isolation between J. albifrons and J. praehirsuta using no‐choice trials and a multiple‐choice experimental population. We found that sexual isolation is strong in both the presence and the absence of ecological isolation, but that it is asymmetric and fails to prevent interspecific gene flow entirely. First‐generation intrinsic post‐zygotic barriers were low, and there was no sexual isolation within J. praehirsuta across habitats. The J. albifrons/J. praehirsuta species pair thus provides an example where the role of sexual isolation as a barrier to gene flow (a) does not depend upon current ecological isolation, (b) seems to have evolved independently of local ecological conditions, but (c) is insufficient to complete speciation entirely on its own.
Differential expression of activin βA and βB genes in female allotriploid and diploid red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var
Authors: Tao Min , Hu Hong , Huang Lu , Li Shengnan , Yuan Liujiao , Zhou Tian , Song Can , Zhao Rurong , Liu Shaojun 
Published: October 2019

Abstractactivin βA and βB from diploid and allotriploid crucian carp were cloned.The differential expression of activin βA and βB genes in female allotriploid and diploid red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var. were studied and found to be expressed in all the tested tissues; particularly, the expression of activin βA and βB was elevated in the ovaries of allotriploids and differential expression in pituitaries during the non‐breeding season and the breeding season period. The immunohistochemistry indicated that the abnormal triploid ovaries were dominated by small oogonium‐like cells with dense signals and that the elevated expression of activin βA and βB in the ovaries of allotriploids may be related to allotriploid sterility.
EARNINGS CONFERENCE CALLS AND INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING: EVIDENCE FROM TEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Amoozegar Arash , Berger Dave , Cao Xueli , Pukthuanthong Kuntara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe document the effects of institutional investors on the qualitative information disclosure of firms during earnings conference calls. Using conference call and institutional ownership data between 2005 and 2016, we find that aggregate institutional ownership dampens conference call tone. The effects of institutional investors on tone are causal based on results from indexed firms. Consistent with hypotheses regarding investors' horizons, short‐term institutional investors are associated with a more positive conference call tone, as well as more opportunistic trading, whereas long‐term investors are associated with a more negative tone. Market participants can generally disentangle the impact of institutional investors on tone based on investor type.