bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charpy and Izod impact properties of natural fibre composites
Authors: Abidin N M Z , Sultan M T H , Shah A U M , Safri S N A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Low velocity impact can be divided into several types of evaluation. Charpy and Izod impact testing are two types of testing that mostly used by the industry as it was known as an economical quality control method. In this short review, previous studies on the charpy and izod impact testing on natural fibre composites will be discussed. It was found that the percentage fibre loading is the mostly factors being analysed, besides the treatment applied and size of fibre. It was suggested that the range of 10-30 % fibre loading were the mostly applied in short fibre natural composites.
Mechanical properties evaluation of nonwoven industrial cotton waste produced by needle punching method
Authors: Husain S N H , Rashid A H A , Shaari M F , R M N , Hassan N N M , Ahmad M R , Rashid R A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication method and mechanical characterization of nonwoven fabrics from industrial fabric wastes by different machine variables. Cotton waste fibres underwent the mechanical recycling methods, needle punching process and worked into a continuous web of nonwoven fabrics. The measurement method of full factorial design of experiment was implemented in this study as a systematic and efficient way to distinguish between the interaction of more than one factor which are the fibre feeder speed and the number of stacking layers, respectively. Three different fibre feeder speed of 1.8 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.8 m/s and three levels of stacking layer (4, 5 and 6 layers) were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of the web nonwoven fabrics. The mechanical properties of nonwoven web were measured by bursting strength test and puncture resistance test. The results displayed that the difference in fibre feeder speed and number of stacking layer significantly affect the puncture resistance performance. S26L web resisted the highest load during puncture resistance test which is 70.5 N while S14L resisted the lowest load of 25.5 N. Whereas, bursting strength performance was only affected by the fibre feeder speed. Lower fibre feeder speed produced stronger nonwoven fabric. Hence, the faster the fibre feeder speed and the higher number of stacking layer give good puncture resistance properties of nonwoven fabrics while the bursting properties of nonwoven fabrics shows the opposites results.
Performance of composite sand cement brick containing paddy husk
Authors: Ahmad M H , Arib M N , Mat F , Kassim U 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research concentrates on the performance of composite sand cement brick containing paddy husk also known as rice husk. The main objective of this research is to determine the mechanical properties possess by the composite sand cement brick containing rice husk, such as water absorption and compressive strength. The bricks were designed to contain 0- 4% of RH. The brick specimens were naturally sun dried and be cured for 28-days in protected space. The percentage of water absorbed increases from controlled specimen to 1% of RH and slightly decreases at 2% of RH. The value then increases significantly at 3% and 4% of RH. The optimum amount of the RH percentage in this research would be at 2% correspond to the water absorption of specimens. For the compressive strength, the results show steep decrease from controlled specimen to 1% of RH and began to increase from 2% till 3% of RH and significantly decrease again. The optimum amount of the RH percentage in this research would be at 3% of RH correspond to the compressive strength of specimens. Thus implies that the addition of rice husk into the brick causing the brick to have lower density, subsequently increase water absorption and decrease the compressive strength of the brick
Analysis of macro channel heat exchanger for fever relief cool cap using thermoelectric
Authors: Goh C Y , Rahman M N Y , Razlan Z M , Bakar S A , Wan W K , Zunaidi I , Harun A , Hashim M S M , Faizi M K , Ibrahim I , Kamarrudin N S , Azmi M S Muhamad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fever is happened when the human having infection or other illness which the body temperature is higher than normal body temperature. The heat load released during the fever cause the uncomfortable condition to the human. Thermoelectric is used in the design of heat exchanger to provide cooling by using electricity which reliefs the fever uncomfortable. The thermal comfort zone for human and the analysis of the heat load from the human head surface are determined. The analysis focuses on the fever teenagers aged range from 15 to 25. The range of the thermal comfort zone is from 20 °C to 25 °C whereas the range for the total heat load from the head surface is from 10.56 W to 16.39 W. The findings from the analysis will be used in the design of heat exchanger that suites the requirement from the analysis result. The fluid flow effect of the working fluid and thermal effect of the heat exchanger are simulated by ANSYS Fluent. In addition, the different types of Peltier plate and fluid as well as the different materials of heat exchanger and tube have applied into heat exchanger design model for observing the effect of the fluid flow in heat exchanger. Using ANSYS Fluent, the temperature contours are compared and found that the combination of alumina Al2O3 nanofluid, copper heat exchanger have better performance due to high heat transfer rate while the tube materials show no effect. The best performance of cooling in the design of the heat exchanger is proposed. These design criteria include the selection of the material of heat exchanger, tube and fluid as well as the selection of the device such as Peltier plate, battery, cooler fan and pump.
The effect of graphene loading on natural rubber latex/graphene stretchable conductive material
Authors: Che W M , Teh P L , Yeoh C K , Jalilah A J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The demand for the soft and flexible stretchable electronic has been increased due to the flourish development of electronic field nowadays. This can be achieved by incorporating graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) into natural rubber latex (NRL). This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of the GNP content on the properties of the NRL/GNP composites. The incorporating of GNPs into NRL increased the density and modulus of the composite but reduced the tensile strength, elongation at break and crosslink density. On the other hand, the NRL/GNP has reached the percolation threshold at 7phr of GNP, at this content the composite became electrically conductive.
Characterisation of structural and physical properties of cellulose nanofibers from Pennisetum purpureum
Authors: Revati R , Majid M S Abdul , Ridzuan M J M , Nasir N F Mohd 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and its applications gain immense attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high surface area, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with 100% environmental friendliness. Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass fibre is a newly-identify plant which is highly sustainable throughout Malaysia. In this study, the typical extraction of cellulose nanofiber from Pennisetum purpureum method is summarised, in which the cellulose nanofiber extraction concerning alkali treatment and planetary ball milling is mainly introduced. Cellulose nanofiber from Pennisetum purpureum also has been extracted using different concentration acid hydrolysis, such as 20% and 30% to observe the effect towards the fibre bonding. The morphology, chemical structure and crystallinity of the fibre were obtained using scanning electron microscopy SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, and X-ray diffraction XRD. SEM clarifies that the increment of acid hydrolysis lowers the fibre-fibre bonding upon freeze-drying of the cellulose nanofiber suspensions. The result of XRD and SEM shows that 30% of acid hydrolysis gives higher crystallinity and chemical effect towards the structure of cellulose nanofibers.
Optimization of micro-perforated sound absorber using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Authors: Tan W H , Haslina R , Lim E A , Chuah H G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the acoustic properties of micro-perforated panel (MPP) as an alternative to passive noise control. In order to obtain high sound absorption over broad frequency band, the analysis of sound absorption performance of MPP sound absorber should be conducted based on 3 major design parameters, such as perforation diameter, d, air cavity depth, D, and distance between perforations, b, of MPP. Next, the optimization of sound absorption coefficient for MPP sound absorber need to be done by using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and the optimum parameters of a single layer MPP sound absorber should be obtained for achieving higher sound absorption which the sound absorption coefficient, α + 0.5 with a wider frequency band. The PSO is used in order to optimize the panel construction to provide maximum sound absorption coefficient in a determined wide band frequency range. Experiments are carried out at normal sound incidence and plane waves. A good agreement is achieved between the theory and the experiments.
Optimise 3D printing parameter on the mechanical performance of PLA-wood fused filament fabrication
Authors: Khan S F , Zukhi M M , Zakaria H , Saad M A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of printing parameter of tensile and compression specimens on production cost and mechanical performance of the material which is PLA with 20% wood content had been identified. The printing parameters selected are nozzle temperature, raster angle and printing speed. The raster angle and printing speed shows higher impact of tensile specimen on production cost while compression specimen only printing speed. Furthermore, for tensile experiment, raster angle gives highest impact than other parameter while for compression experiment each printing parameter giving an equal reaction to mechanical performance. By plotting the S/N ratio graph, higher nozzle temperature, lower raster angle and printing speed show the optimum printing parameters for tensile specimen. While optimum printing parameters for compression specimen are lower nozzle temperature, higher raster angle and printing speed.
Impact response of Napier fibre reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites
Authors: Ramli W M A Wan , Majid M S Abdul , Ridzuan M J M , Amin N A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effects of nanoclay filler content on the impact properties of Napier fibre reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. The natural fibre based composites were fabricated using either untreated or 5% alkali-treated Napier fibre along with nanomodified epoxy resin which consists of various nanoclay filler contents which were 0, 3, 5 and 10 wt%. The composites were manufactured using cold compression moulding process. Morphological analysis was then conducted to further analyse the fractured specimens following the impact test. The maximum impact properties were recorded by the treated Napier fibre reinforced nanomodified epoxy with 3 wt% of nanoclay filler content. The SEM image of the Napier fibre reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites at the optimal nanofiller content also exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between the epoxy matrix and the fibre reinforcement.
The wettability characteristics of DLC coating for tribological engineering applications
Authors: Sulaiman M H , Farahana R N , Tajul L , Jaafar H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hard coating deposited to tool steel surface can greatly improve wear resistance and reduce sticking. Since solid-liquid interactions are present in every lubricated tribological contact, the present study is aimed to understand the physical phenomena of contact interactions between the DLC coated surface and the liquid. In this study, double-layer DLC/TiAlN coating was prepared via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. The anti-sticking properties were assessed using contact angle measurements using two liquids with distinctly different viscosity – water and oil. No significant differences found in the contact angle values for both liquid properties. The results revealed that the DLC/TiAlN coated tool steel surfaces exhibit hydrophobic behaviour with high contact angle values. With a lower surface energy of the DLC/TiAlN coating in comparison to uncoated surface, this suggests that the DLC/TiAlN coating is a good hard coating candidate since it has a lower adhesion resistance and an improved release performance.
Corrosion resistance of PVD hard coatings for tribological engineering applications
Authors: Sulaiman M H , Sheng A O C , Farahana R N , Bienk K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present paper focuses on corrosion resistance of hard coatings deposited on tool steel via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. Three coating types were investigated – TiN, TiCN and DLC/TiAlN. An immersion corrosion test was performed on the PVD coated tool steels in accordance to ASTM G31 standard. With immersion corrosion test in aggressive media of 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature of 33°C and exposure duration of up to 72 hours, the presence of the PVD coatings on the tool steel surface have improved the corrosion resistance of the tool steel surfaces. The results showed that the DLC/TiAlN coated tool steel has the highest corrosion resistance with corrosion rate of 36.58 mm/year, followed by TiCN and TiN coatings with corrosion rate of 42.10mm/year and 96.86 mm/year, respectively. The uncoated tool steel exhibits the lowest corrosion resistance of 140.61 mm/year. The present study suggests that the DLC coating deposited on SKD11 tool steel substrate has better stability than that of TiCN- and TiN-coated surfaces because the DLC can prevent the corrosion more efficiently than TiCN and TiN.
Optimization of process parameters in fused filament fabrication (FFF) utilizing poly lactic acid (PLA)
Authors: Zakaria H , Khan S F , Zulkafli M I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research was to find an optimum parameter in Fused Deposition Modelling, FDM. They are various type of printing parameter in 3D printing. The parameter that was focused on in this research are orientation, print head and layer thickness while other parameters will be fixed. This parameter was evaluated the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The mechanical properties will be performed on the specimen are tensile test and 3 point-bending tests. The data were analyzed using Taguchi’s Method with orthogonal array of 9 level and Analysis of Variance, ANOVA. The highest of ultimate tensile strength was 34 MPa where the parameter were 34.592 MPa. The highest of flexural strength was 95.542 MPa. The optimum parameter for the tensile test was 25-degree of orientation, 0.4 mm of print head and 0.2 for layer thickness. The optimum parameter for 3-point-bending test was 0-degree of orientation, 0.4 mm of print head and 0.15 mm of layer thickness. This parameter did the mechanical test again for the validation test. The average ultimate tensile strength value for 25-degree of orientation, 0.4 mm of print head and 0.2 for layer thickness was 30.558 MPa. While the average of flexural strength for 0-degree of orientation, 0.4 mm of print head and 0.15 mm of layer thickness was 95.557 MPa.
Pet food autofeeder by using Arduino
Authors: Ibrahim M , Zakaria H , Xian EE Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Automated pet feeder is a product that would replace manual feeding method which can be set at a required feeding amount and feeding time. Innovation of pet feeder is used to overcome forgetful of the pet owner to feed their pet and to avoid extra spending expenses by leaving them at a pet hotel. The objective of this project is to design and develop a mechanism for pet feeder. In this project, Arduino is used as the microcontroller to control the mechanism and to operate the system with a given of set time. Finite element analysis is used to analyze the maximum stress that the designed mechanism can withstand. Furthermore prototype testing on the mechanism with experimental and theoretical was conducted, the result of the analysis is analyzed. The analysis is providing the path to make sure the final concept of the pet feeder is reached.
Displacement response of femur with various deformity angles under vertical load: FEA and experiment
Authors: Zainul S , Basaruddin K S , Khan S F K Mohamad , Som M H Mat , Ridzuan M J M , Daud R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a disease that affect the bone in terms of deformity and brittleness. It is known that after certain deformation angles, OI bone cannot sustain the excessive stress that resulting to bone fracture. Although several studies have been undertaken to analyse the fracture prediction on OI bone due to deformity angles using finite element analysis, however none of them has validated experimentally. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the validity of finite element analysis in predicting the fracture risk of OI-affected femur. For experimental works, the bone specimens were prepared using polylactic acid material through Fuse Deposition Material method at 15°, 20° and 25°deformation angles. Findings of this study show a promising result as the deformation response for the FEA was agreed to experimental result. Hence, it proves that prediction of finite element analysis on bone fracture risk of OI is acceptable. This study also found that femur bone with 25° deformation angle tend to fracture under minimum load. Therefore, patients that have femur bone at 25°deformation angles should be advised to undergo surgical intervention.
Simulation of a diesel generator - battery energy system for domestic applications at Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Azizul , Mohd Amin Nasrul Amri , Razlan Zuradzman Mohamad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Design of micropower system that able to fulfil electrical energy demand is challenging due several factors, thus comprehensive and reliable simulation of such system is essential. This paper focuses on simulation of a diesel generator – battery energy system for domestic applications by using HOMER software. The simulation is based on electric load demand for 10 houses in Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Malaysia. The simulation shows that the total cost of the energy (COE) of the system is $179,363 with more than half of it is due to the fuel cost. This system is enough to fulfil the load demand, and the battery could sustain the load independently for about 23.5 hours. Pollutant produces of the system is estimated to be as high as 32,874 kg of carbon dioxide emitted annually. These values would serve as baseline reference to compare the renewable energy systems subjected to the same electric load demands.
A Review on Frequency Selection in Grain Moisture Content Detection
Authors: Ramli N A M , Rahiman M H F , Kamarudin L M , Zakaria A , Mohamed L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A brief review on the dielectric properties of grain and their use in sensing moisture content is presented. Dielectric constant and loss factor were defined generally, and their correlation with grain permittivity from historical studies is presented. References are cited on dielectric measurement techniques using various frequency ranges from radio frequency through microwave frequencies. The described techniques including from the past decades until current studies.
Face recognition using machine vision for Security system
Authors: Saad F S A , Lee M V , Basah S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this project is to design and develop a face recognition based security system using machine vision. In this paper, a face recognition system using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Euclidean distance classifier is proposed. PCA is selected as it is less sensitive to noise and interference, besides reducing the number of variables in face recognition which reduce computational time and increase accuracy. A number of experiments were done to evaluate the performance of the face recognition system. A training database of 20 students is created and used in this project. Overall, the face recognition system on static face images has 86% success rate and 14% error rate which is mainly due to the variation of pose orientation. It is also found that the threshold value is an important factor for the performance of face recognition. The distance of the person to the camera play a role as the further the person is away from the camera, the more blur the face image captured. As for the anti-spoofing approach, the proposed detection of eye blinking is successfully tested with training eyes open and eyes close images.
F-ready: A support device that allows disabled people to play the guitar
Authors: Nishinohira Y , Ikeda M , Oshima C , Matsui H , Nakayama K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Although many people with disabilities have a strong desire to play a musical instrument, there are a few support devices that allow them to play it. We propose four considerations that have been identified for the development of such a support device and developed "F-ready," allowing people with disabilities in their upper limbs to play the guitar. We demonstrate the results of a trial in which a male with a cervical spinal cord injury practiced playing the guitar with F-ready for five weeks. He could make sounds with the guitar using F-ready, even from his first day of practice. Then, he could simultaneously engage in three movements: moving his left hand to the appropriate position on the strings, pressing the F-ready switch, and strumming the strings with his right hand. After only five weeks, he performed a musical piece at a research meeting on the harmonica and guitar using F-ready. In addition, he faced several tasks: deciding on an optimum posture, how to deal with arm pain, and learning the song’s chord progression. The experts solved these tasks together. The experiment demonstrated that F-ready supports players’ ability to play the guitar at will and enthusiastically.
Drag Assessment of Vertical Lift Propeller in Forward Flight for Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Sahwee Z. , Mohd Kamal N. L. , Abdul Hamid S. , Norhashim N. , Lott N. , Mohd Asri M. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A fixed-wing UAV that is capable of vertical takeoff/landing is a hybrid aerial vehicle that could take off as helicopter and then transition into conventional airplane for forward flight. There are several powertrain configurations for the VTOL aircraft, one of them is called Separate Lift Thrust (SLT) configuration where the forward flight uses different powertrain compared to the hover phase. Without complex mechanism to store the inactive hover powertrain, the hover powertrain components added a significant amount of aerodynamic drag during forward flight. This paper presents the assessment of the drag caused by the inactive propellers during the forward cruising flight phase. For this research, 26 propeller samples with diameter from 5 inch to 9 inch were used with various configuration and materials. They were then tested in wind tunnel facility and the resultant drag was measured. The results from the wind tunnel test shows that for lowest drag penalty, smaller propeller diameter with low pitch blade provide the lowest drag. Interestingly, from the results, it shows that there is a flight speed that can provide an optimum drag from the chosen propeller. A selection of optimum motor and battery can be made in the future based on result presented in this paper to further improve the performance of the UAV.