bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Relationship with Work Posture among Staff of a Nigerian University
Authors: Ojule I. N. , Dokubo S. S. , Emmanuel B. C. Ephraim- 
Published: September 2020

Background: Improper work postures have been associated with many detrimental health outcomes including musculoskeletal disorders. Emerging evidence however suggests that some of these health concerns may be lessened by reducing sedentary behaviour at work. Musculoskeletal disorders have been ranked top among the most prevalent health problems relating directly to working conditions.
Aim: This study was thus aimed at determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms and their relationship with work posture among staff of the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional design was used in conducting this study among academic and non-academic staff of the University of Port Harcourt. 256 study participants were involved in this study. They were selected using the multistage sampling technique. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was the study instrument. Collected data was transferred to the Microsoft Excel (2016) software for cleaning and coding. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed and statistical significance was set at <0.05.
Results: Majority 172 (54.3%) of the respondents had experienced musculoskeletal pain that involved the head, neck, back and other regions of their bodies. Also, a statistically significant association was found to exist between work posture and the occurrence of pelvic and perineal pain. Dynamic postures while working was found to offer a protective effect against the occurrence of thoracic and abdominal pain (O.R. = 0.88).
Conclusion and Recommendations: Work-related musculoskeletal disorder symptoms were found to be prevalent in this study. The relationship between work postures and the identified symptoms among the staff was also established. It was recommended that health information on alternation between sitting and standing working postures be passed on to staff working in the study area as well as a redesigning of the work-stations of the staff to adopt ergonomic standards necessary for preventing the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Identification and analysis of micro‐exons in AP2/ERF and MADS gene families
Authors: Song Qi , Bari Amna , Li Huan , Chen Ling‐Ling 
Published: September 2020

Micro‐exons are a set of ultrashort exons with lengths ≤ 51 nucleotides. Our previous study revealed that micro‐exons were enriched in AP2 domains and K‐box domains, which are crucial components of AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive element‐binding protein) and MADS‐box (an acronym of MCM1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS and SRF) genes, respectively. In this study, we analyzed micro‐exons in the AP2/ERF family from 63 species and demonstrated that 76.8% of micro‐exons are concentrated in AP2 domains. Most micro‐exons appeared in the AP2 subfamily of all the terrestrial plants, but not algae. In addition, micro‐exons and AP2 domains are conserved and under negative selection. The MIKC gene is a typical MADS‐box gene family in terrestrial plants and includes one MADS‐box domain and one K‐box domain. A total of 92.3% of micro‐exons were observed in K‐box domains, and two micro‐exons usually encoded a region of K‐box domain, which is the key to MADS‐box protein polymerization. Furthermore, the micro‐exons of the K‐box domain had higher ratios of nonsynonymous mutations than those of the AP2 domains. Overall, here we explored the relationships and differences among micro‐exons in AP2/ERF and MADS families, and revealed potential functional roles of micro‐exons in these domains.
Physician review of image registration and normal structure delineation
Authors: Turchan William Tyler , Arya Ritu , Hight Robert , Al‐Hallaq Hania , Dominello Michael , Joyce Dan , McCabe Bradley P. , McCall Anne R. , Perevalova Eugenia , Stepaniak Christopher , Yenice Kamil , Burmeister Jay , Golden Daniel W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionImage registration and delineation of organs at risk (OARs) are key components of three‐dimensional conformal (3DCRT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment planning. This study hypothesized that image registration and OAR delineation are often performed by medical physicists and/or dosimetrists and are not routinely reviewed by treating physicians.MethodsAn anonymous, internet‐based survey of medical physicists and dosimetrists was distributed via the MEDPHYS and MEDDOS listserv groups. Participants were asked to characterize standard practices for completion and review of OAR contouring, target volume contouring, and image registration at their institution along with their personal training in these areas and level of comfort performing these tasks. Likert‐type scales are reported as Median [Interquartile range] with scores ranging from 1 = “Extremely/All of the time” to 5 = “Not at all/Never.”ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐seven individuals responded to the survey. Overall, respondents indicated significantly less frequent physician review (3 [2–4] vs 2 [1–3]), and less confidence in the thoroughness of physician review (3 [2–4] vs 2 [1–3], P < 0.01) of OAR contours compared to image registration. Only 19% (95% CI 14–24%) of respondents reported a formal process by which OAR volumes are reviewed by physicians in their clinic. The presence of a formal review process was also associated with significantly higher perceived thoroughness of review of OAR volumes compared to clinics with no formal review process (2 [2–3] vs 3 [2–4], P < 0.01).ConclusionDespite the critical role of OAR delineation and image registration in the 3DCRT and IMRT treatment planning process, physician review of these tasks is not always optimal. Radiotherapy clinics should consider implementation of formal processes to promote adequate physician review of OARs and image registrations to ensure the quality and safety of radiotherapy treatment plans.
Acceleration of Crystallization Kinetics in Ge‐Sb‐Te‐Based Phase‐Change Materials by Substitution of Ge by Sn
Authors: Zalden Peter , Koch Christine , Paulsen Melf , Esters Marco , Johnson David C. , Wuttig Matthias , Lindenberg Aaron M. , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThin films of (Ge1–xSnx)8Sb2Te11 are prepared to study the impact of Sn‐substitution on properties relevant for application in phase‐change memory, a next‐generation electronic data storage technology. It is expected that substitution decreases the crystallization temperature, but it is not known how the maximum crystallization rate is affected. Ge8Sb2Te11 is chosen from the (GeTe)y(Sb2Te3)1–y system of phase‐change materials as a starting point due to its higher crystallization temperature as compared to the common material Ge2Sb2Te5. In situ X‐ray diffraction at 5 K min−1 heating rate is performed to determine the crystallization temperature and the resulting structure. To measure the maximum crystallization rate, femtosecond optical pulses that heat the material repetitively and monitor the resulting increase of optical reflectance are used. Glasses over the entire composition range are prepared using a melt‐quenching process. While at x = 0, 97, subsequent pulses are required for crystallization, one single pulse is enough to achieve the same effect at x = 0.5. The samples are further characterized by optical ellipsometry and calorimetry. The combined electrical and optical contrast and the ability to cycle between states with single femtosecond pulses renders Ge4Sn4Sb2Te11 promising for photonics applications.
Stretchable, Washable, and Ultrathin Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Skin‐Like Highly Sensitive Self‐Powered Haptic Sensors
Authors: Jiang Yang , Dong Kai , Li Xin , An Jie , Wu Dequan , Peng Xiao , Yi Jia , Ning Chuan , Cheng Renwei , Yu Pengtao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccompanying the boom in multifunctional wearable electronics, flexible, sustainable, and wearable power sources are facing great challenges. Here, a stretchable, washable, and ultrathin skin‐inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (SI‐TENG) to harvest human motion energy and act as a highly sensitive self‐powered haptic sensor is reported. With the optimized material selections and structure design, the SI‐TENG is bestowed with some merits, such as stretchability (≈800%), ultrathin (≈89 µm), and light‐weight (≈0.23 g), which conformally attach on human skin without disturbing its contact. A stretchable composite electrode, which is formed by homogenously intertwining silver nanowires (AgNWs) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber networks, is fabricated through synchronous electrospinning of TPU and electrospraying of AgNWs. Based on the triboelectrification effect, the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and power density of the SI‐TENG with a contact area of 2 × 2 cm2 and an applied force of 8 N can reach 95 V, 0.3 µA, and 6 mW m−2, respectively. By integrating the signal‐processing circuits, the SI‐TENG with excellent energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing capability is demonstrated as a haptic sensor array to detect human actions. The SI‐TENG exhibits extensive applications in the fields of human–machine interface and security systems.
Heterogeneous Bimetallic Phosphide Ni2P‐Fe2P as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Water/Seawater Splitting
Authors: Wu Libo , Yu Luo , Zhang Fanghao , McElhenny Brian , Luo Dan , Karim Alamgir , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance and cost‐effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for large‐scale water electrolysis is desirable but remains a significant challenge. Most existing nano‐ and micro‐structured electrocatalysts require complex synthetic procedures, making scale‐up highly challenging. Here, a heterogeneous Ni2P‐Fe2P microsheet is synthesized by directly soaking Ni foam in hydrochloric acid and an iron nitrate solution, followed by phosphidation. Benefiting from high intrinsic activity, abundant active sites, and a superior transfer coefficient, this self‐supported Ni2P‐Fe2P electrocatalyst shows superb catalytic activity toward overall water splitting, requiring low voltages of 1.682 and 1.865 V to attain current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, respectively. Such catalytic performance is superior to the benchmark IrO2 || Pt/C pair and also places this electrocatalyst among the best bifunctional catalysts reported thus far. Furthermore, its enhanced corrosion resistance and hydrophilic surface make it suitable for seawater splitting. It is able to achieve current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH seawater at voltages of 1.811 and 2.004 V, respectively, which, together with its robust durability, demonstrates its great potential for realistic seawater electrolysis. This work presents a general and economic approach toward the fabrication of heterogeneous metallic phosphide catalysts for water/seawater electrocatalysis.
Air‐Stable Low‐Symmetry Narrow‐Bandgap 2D Sulfide Niobium for Polarization Photodetection
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Peisong , Wang Zhen , Luo Man , Zhong Fang , Ge Xun , Zhang Kun , Peng Meng , Ye Yan , Li Qing , Ge Haonan , Ye Jiafu , He Ting , Chen Yunfeng , Xu Tengfei , Yu Chenhui , Wang Yueming , Hu Zhigao , Zhou Xiaohao , Shan Chongxin , Long Mingsheng , Wang Peng , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐symmetry 2D materials with unique anisotropic optical and optoelectronic characteristics have attracted a lot of interest in fundamental research and manufacturing of novel optoelectronic devices. Exploring new and low‐symmetry narrow‐bandgap 2D materials will be rewarding for the development of nanoelectronics and nano‐optoelectronics. Herein, sulfide niobium (NbS3), a novel transition metal trichalcogenide semiconductor with low‐symmetry structure, is introduced into a narrowband 2D material with strong anisotropic physical properties both experimentally and theoretically. The indirect bandgap of NbS3 with highly anisotropic band structures slowly decreases from 0.42 eV (monolayer) to 0.26 eV (bulk). Moreover, NbS3 Schottky photodetectors have excellent photoelectric performance, which enables fast photoresponse (11.6 µs), low specific noise current (4.6 × 10−25 A2 Hz−1), photoelectrical dichroic ratio (1.84) and high‐quality reflective polarization imaging (637 nm and 830 nm). A room‐temperature specific detectivity exceeding 107 Jones can be obtained at the wavelength of 3 µm. These excellent unique characteristics will make low‐symmetry narrow‐bandgap 2D materials become highly competitive candidates for future anisotropic optical investigations and mid‐infrared optoelectronic applications.
Spontaneously Formed Mott‐Schottky Electrocatalyst for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Zhang Ruifang , Sun Zehui , Wu Hu , Lu Shiyao , Wang Jianan , Yu Wei , Liu Jiamei , Gao Guoxin , Ding Shujiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping effective electrocatalyst and deciphering its mechanism in modulating sulfur‐species‐conversion is still an important but challenging part for lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Here, a “spontaneous formed” strategy is presented to construct hierarchical CNT@ surface oxidized TiN nanoparticles (CNT@TiON) and the detailed interfaces mediation mechanism of Mott‐Schottky effect is disclosed on Li‐S chemistries. The results indicate the redistribution of local electron density in TiON is critical to enhancing the sulfur‐species utilization, lowering the energy barriers of intermediate step, and facilitating the conversion of PS. As a result, CNT@TiON‐S cathodes deliver significantly improved electrochemical performance, including low polarization, fleet reaction kinetics, and lasting cycle stability. This work embraces the local electronic state at heterojunction interface and paves a new way toward the design and understanding of efficient catalysts for Li‐S batteries.
Regeneration of β‐Cyclodextrin Based Membrane by Photodynamic Disulfide Exchange — Steroid Hormone Removal from Water
Authors: Dong Zheqin , Tagliavini Matteo , Darmadi Jason , Trouillet Vanessa , Schäfer Andrea I. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of steroid hormones in water and their serious impact on human and ecosystem demand high performance materials for efficient removal of such micropollutants. Here, an affinity membrane is developed for hormone removal with regenerable binding sites. By using photodynamic disulfides as a linker, UV induced detachment of β‐CD ligands from the membrane surface is demonstrated. The macroporous base membrane is first fabricated via a polymerization induced phase separation method using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene dimethylacrylate (EDMA) monomers. Then the affinity membranes are prepared by immobilizing β‐CD ligands to the poly(HEMA‐co‐EDMA) base membrane through the 2‐carboxyethyl disulfide linker. The β‐CD functionalized affinity membrane shows a 30% increase of E2 hormone uptake compared with the base membrane, attributed to the formation of CD‐hormone host–guest inclusion complexes. The photodynamic disulfide linkers enable UV‐induced detachment of blocked β‐CD ligands from and reattachment of fresh β‐CD ligands to the membrane surface after each adsorption cycle, thus conferring the affinity membrane with excellent regenerative properties. It is anticipated that the use of dynamic covalent bonds for binding ligands will be of interest for developing smart affinity membranes with regenerable and readjustable surface properties.
Interfacing Catalytic DNA with Nanomaterials
Authors: Moon Woohyun J. , Liu Juewen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDNAzymes are catalytic DNA strands with interesting features such as high stability, versatile activity, and programmability. Interfacing DNAzymes with nanomaterials has boosted their function to achieve biosensing, intracellular imaging, smart materials, cleavage of viral/cancer RNA, and enhancing substrate specificity. This review starts with the introduction of a few commonly used DNAzymes for RNA cleavage, DNA cleavage, and peroxidation. The interactions of DNA and DNAzymes with various inorganic surfaces including gold, metal oxides, carbon‐based nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks, and hydrogels are then discussed. DNAzymes can be adsorbed, covalently linked, or entrapped in these nanomaterials. After that, representative examples of applications are reviewed with an emphasis on the DNA/nanomaterials’ interfaces and fundamental chemical interactions. These examples include using nanomaterials for adsorbing DNAzymes and fluorescence quenching, producing a color change, assisting DNAzymes entering cells, supplying extra metal ions, and for molecularly imprinting target molecules. Finally, some key challenges in the field are discussed, and future research opportunities addressing these challenges are proposed.
Organic Ligands Armored ZnO Enhances Efficiency and Stability of CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Pang , Wang Hui , Mao Yuchao , Zhang Huijun , Ye Fanghao , Liu Dan , Wang Tao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed great progress in recent years due to their superior thermal stability. As a representative, CsPbI2Br is attracting considerable attention as it can balance the high efficiency of CsPbI3 and the stability of CsPbBr3. However, most research employs doped charge transport materials or applies bilayer transport layers to obtain decent performance, which vastly complicates the fabrication process and scarcely satisfies the commercial production requirement. In this work, all‐layer‐doping‐free inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs using organic ligands armored ZnO as the electron transport materials achieve an encouraging performance of 16.84%, which is one of the highest efficiencies among published works. Meanwhile, both the ZnO‐based CsPbI2Br film and device show superior photostability under continuous white light‐emitting diode illumination and improved thermal stability under 85 °C. The remarkable enhanced performance arises from the favorable organic ligands (acetate ions) residue in the ZnO film, which not only can conduce to maintain high crystallinity of perovskite, but also passivate traps at the interface through cesium/acetate interactions, thus suppressing the photo‐ and thermal‐ induced perovskite degradation.
Hexagonal BN‐Assisted Epitaxy of Strain Released GaN Films for True Green Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Fang , Yu Ye , Zhang Yuantao , Rong Xin , Wang Tao , Zheng Xiantong , Sheng Bowen , Yang Liuyun , Wei Jiaqi , Wang Xuepeng , Li Xianbin , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Qin Zhixin , Zhang Zhaohui , Shen Bo , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpitaxial growth of III‐nitrides on 2D materials enables the realization of flexible optoelectronic devices for next‐generation wearable applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain high‐quality III‐nitride epilayers on 2D materials such as hexagonal BN (h‐BN) due to different atom hybridizations. Here, the epitaxy of single‐crystalline GaN films on the chemically activated h‐BN/Al2O3 substrates is reported, paying attention to interface atomic configuration. It is found that chemical‐activated h‐BN provides BON and NO bonds, where the latter ones act as effective artificial dangling bonds for following GaN nucleation, leading to Ga‐polar GaN films with a flat surface. The h‐BN is also found to be effective in modifying the compressive strain in GaN film and thus improves indium incorporation during the growth of InGaN quantum wells, resulting in the achievement of pure green light‐emitting diodes. This work provides an effective way for III‐nitrides epitaxy on h‐BN and a possible route to overcome the epitaxial bottleneck of high indium content III‐nitride light‐emitting devices.
A Fully Aqueous Hybrid Electrolyte Rechargeable Battery with High Voltage and High Energy Density
Authors: Yuan Xinhai , Wu Xiongwei , Zeng Xian‐Xiang , Wang Faxing , Wang Jing , Zhu Yusong , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) offer advantages in terms of safety, environmental friendliness and cost over their non‐aqueous counterparts. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window of water inherently limits the output voltage and energy density of ARBs. Here, a system with an aqueous hybrid electrolyte containing a Zn anode in alkaline solution and LiMn2O4 cathode in neutral solution is reported. Combining the separated electrode‐electrolyte with a Li+‐conducting membrane, the potential window is effectively widened to enable an aqueous hybrid electrolyte rechargeable battery (AHERB) above 2.3 V. This battery system delivers a steady energy density of 208 Wh kg−1 (based on the total weight of active materials) at 1.69 C with a high average output voltage up to 2.31 V, cycled for over 1000 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of >98%.
Polymers for Battery Applications—Active Materials, Membranes, and Binders
Authors: Saal Adrian , Hagemann Tino , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the light of an ever‐increasing energy demand, the rising number of portable applications, the growing market of electric vehicles, and the necessity to store energy from renewable sources on large scale, there is an urgent need for suitable energy storage systems. In most batteries, the energy is stored by exploiting metals or metal‐ion‐based reactions. However, nearly every modern battery would not function without the help of polymers. Polymers fulfill several important tasks in battery cells. They are applied as binders for the electrode slurries, in separators and membranes, and as active materials, where charge is stored in organic moieties. This review concentrates on recent research on polymers utilized for every aspect of a battery, discussing state‐of‐the‐art lithium cells, current redox‐flow systems, and polymeric thin‐film batteries. The focus is on the properties of the polymers applied in different battery systems and how they affect their overall performance.
Highly Stable Pt‐Based Ternary Systems for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Jun , Hong Yongju , Lee Kwangyeol , Kim Jin Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the era of the global rise of energy consumption and the accompanying environmental issues, energy production via fuel cells plays a vital role in a clean, secure, and affordable energy future. The development of Pt‐based binary alloy catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has contributed significantly to the commercial realization of fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs). However, the short lifetime of the Pt‐based binary alloy catalyst remains a significant gap between lab‐scale and real‐device evaluation systems, calling for the development of catalysts that do not have stability issues. Among the various catalyst systems developed as alternatives to Pt‐based binary alloy catalysts, Pt‐based ternary systems with an additional element to the binary systems seem to provide the much‐awaited answer toward enhanced catalyst stability. Here, this progress report focuses on fundamental challenges of industrial fuel cell applications and provides broad and balanced insights on remarkable progress to date. Finally, it presents several perspectives on ideal ternary system design of efficient and robust Pt‐based electrocatalysts and guidance for future development beyond the academic level.