bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate to severe maternal anaemia in pregnancy and its impact on perinatal outcome in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khatana Ashram , Verma Suniti , Sehra Ram Narain , Yadav Kanti 
Published: March 2020

Background: Anaemia is the commonest medical disorder in pregnancy and has a varied prevalence, etiology and degree of severity in different populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of maternal anaemia in pregnancy and its impact on perinatal outcome.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology JLN Hospital Ajmer, Rajasthan, India from October 2015 to December 2016. Total 325 pregnant women were included in the study who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and found to have moderate to severe anaemia.Results: Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was 80% in present study. Perinatal mortality was 13.3% in moderate anaemia and in severe anaemia 42%. In present study maximum 56% of cases were in the age group of 20-25 years, and maximum number of cases were primigravida (33.84%). Out of 225 cases of moderate anaemia only 50 cases (22.22%) had antenatal check-up once or twice. Out of 225 cases of moderate anaemia, 66.66% cases were rural and 33.33% cases were of urban group. Fetal outcome in present study was in form of 49.23% premature birth with 33.12% perinatal mortality.Conclusions: Maternal anaemia in pregnancy is associated with illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, multiparity, inadequate antenatal care and rural geographic area. Severe anaemia was associated with high perinatal mortality.
Rudimentary horn pregnancy: a rare entity
Authors: Jacob Sujamol , Karunakaran Lalithambica , Devasia Neena 
Published: March 2020

Unicornuate uterus is the type 2 variety of mullerian duct anomaly resulting in unilateral agenesis or hypoplasia. The hypoplastic (Rudimentary) horn can be functioning or non-functioning and communicating or noncommunicating with the main uterine cavity. Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn is an extremely rare entity. It is often missed at ultrasound in the early trimester, presenting later with massive hemoperitoneum and shock from rupture of the horn. A “high index of suspicion” is essential to derive at the correct diagnosis. Hence reporting this rare case for emphasizing the importance in early diagnosis and prompt management.
Impact of different centroid means on the accuracy of orthometric height modelling by geometric geoid method
Authors: Dare Oluyori P. , Okiemute Eteje S. 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Orthometric height, as well as geoid modelling using the geometric method, requires centroid computation. And this can be obtained using various models, as well as methods. These methods of centroid mean computation have impacts on the accuracy of the geoid model since the basis of the development of the theory of each centroid mean type is different. This paper presents the impact of different centroid means on the accuracy of orthometric height modelling by geometric geoid method.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> DGPS observation was carried out to obtain the coordinates and ellipsoidal heights of selected points. The centroid means were computed with the coordinates using three different centroid means models (arithmetic mean, root mean square and harmonic mean). The computed centroid means were entered accordingly into a Microsoft Excel program developed using the Multiquadratic surface to obtain the model orthometric heights at various centroid means. The root means square error (RMSE) index was applied to obtain the accuracy of the model using the known and the model orthometric heights obtained at various centroid means. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The computed accuracy shows that the arithmetic mean method is the best among the three centroid means types.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that the arithmetic mean method should be adopted for centroid computation, as well as orthometric height modelling using the geometric method.</p>
Study of preventable causes of blindness in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow
Authors: Jauhari Nidhi , Chopra Deepak , Ahmad Siraj 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, released the estimates which show that approximately 80% of the causes of blindness and severely reduced visual acuity are preventable and avoidable. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of preventable causes of blindness in an OPD setup in the city of Lucknow.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Descriptive cross-sectional study was done from January, 2019 to March, 2019 at the ophthalmology department OPD, Dr Ram Manohar lohia hospital, Lucknow. Patient presenting with complains of Blurring of vision or blindness during the defined OPD days at the study place, sample size- 550. Convenience sampling, all the eligible patients who were attending the OPD on defined days during the study period. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The current study found the prevalence of blindness in the OPD based patients to be 13.5% and 25% (WHO and NPCB standards) respectively which is higher than the other reported statistics and found cataract to be the single most contributor of cause of blindness in accordance with other literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study demonstrates that even after the implementation of a national program (NPCB), the prevalence of blindness continues to be on the higher side and cataract remains to the most common cause of preventable blindness.</p>
Investigating the moderating role of intercultural factors on consumer cross-shopping behavior
Authors: Hino Hayiel 
Published: March 2020

The concept of prejudice has become increasingly important to scientific thinking about relations between groups. Yet, despite extensive research, little is known about how prejudice affects consumer buying behavior, especially regarding activities that involve purchasing products and services thereby crossing to suppliers from the dominant community. The purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the influence of both positive and negative prejudices on cross-shopping intention in the context of an ethnic minority-majority group relationship; and, to investigate the moderating influence of intercultural-related factors (i.e. online contact, social interaction, and acculturation) on the relationship between negative prejudice and cross-shopping intention. A sample consisting of 202 respondents was obtained from across ethnic-minority consumers (the Israeli Arabs) who routinely interact online and offline with individuals from the majority population (Israeli Jews). The conceptual framework and hypothesis are tested using the partial least squares analyses (PLS). The study results provide a better understanding of the conflicting effects of positive and negative prejudice on cross-shopping intention. Additionally, results shed light on the moderating role of intercultural factors on the relationship between negative prejudice and cross-shopping intention. Implications are identified together with consideration of the study limitations and avenues for future research.
Time To Depth: Where Geologists and Geophysicists Meet
Authors: Medvin Evelyn , Rennie Julie 
Published: March 2020

Accurate depth conversions are critical in any exploration area to avoid time-consuming and costly errors in a drilling program. Onshore and offshore, detailed well prognoses from the explorationist are key for the drilling engineer to develop an economical and safe well plan. ln addition, depth conversion is used to calculate the burial depths required for determining geothermal history, provide a depth model for accurate geosteering, and provide for fluid flow simulation. This article explores the necessary steps an interpreter uses to derive and qualify the depth conversion of the seismic interpretation within the workstation environment.
Geophysical interpretation begins by identifying regional seismic markers, basinal unconformities, and sequence boundaries to develop a general structural framework. Once the basic framework is established, the task of identifying the seismically represented geologic zones begins. To accurately match geologic tops to seismic reflectors, the interpreter needs a high-quality sonic Jog from which a synthetic seismogram is generated. Check-shot or vertical seismic profile (VSP) data are used to calibrate the sonic curve; the final calibration will define the time and depth relationship along the borehole path. Often the interpreter must rely on other sources for velocity information, i.e., apparent velocities from depth markers tied to regional seismic markers, processing velocities, or a known regional velocity function.

Better Synthetic Seismograms
Sonic Log Calibration. The sonic log data is critical for accurately creating a synthetic seismogram used in the initial time-to-depth correlations. A density Jog is also important, although standard density values can be applied when no Jog is available. ln the absence of sonic information, a pseudo-sonic Jog may be computed from other logs, such as resistivity. Several activities are commonly performed before the synthetic seismogram is created: editing of the check-shot or velocity information for sonic calibration, generation of a reflectivity series (RC curve), and selection of analytical and extracted wavelets for synthetic convolution.
An assessment of the level of awareness of e-health among Saudi medical students
Authors: Aldebasi Bader , Alhassan Abdulaziz I. , Al-Nasser Sami , Abolfotouh Mostafa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground Background. Many studies are available in the literature about e-health in Saudi Arabia, however, data is limited to a few organizations and does not necessarily reflect the the current and potential use of e-health for health care organizations in the country. The aims of this study were 1)To determine the levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students on e-health, and 2) To identify the predictors of e-health practice. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 440 medical students at the college of medicine, King Saud bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was conducted, during October/November 2019, using a previously validated questionnaire, to assess: (1) knowledge in three domains; e-health definition (13 statements), fields of application of e-health (8 statements), methods of using e-health (7 statements), (2) attitude toward using e-health (8 statements) and (3) reported practice of e-health in medical training (5 statements). A scoring system was used to calculate the total and percentage score of knowledge, attitude and practice for each student. Multiple regression analysis was applied to identify predictors of e-health practice. Significance was considered at p<0.05. Results. Of 440 medical students surveyed, the majority were females (55.7%), of stream type1 (79.8%) and from families whose monthly income was more than 10,000SR (82.8%). Overall knowledge about e-health was unsatisfactory (PMS=71.6%), with only 43.6% of students reporting satisfactory level. However, this level was satisfactory for fields of application (Percentage mean score-PMS=76.6%) and unsatisfactory for definition of e-health (PMS=70.7%) and methods of its use (PMS=65.69%) domains. Overall attitude towads e-health use was positive (PMS=82.3%), with nearly three-quarters of students (73.4%) reporting positive attitude. Generally, good level of practice of e-health was reported by students (PMS=84.3%), with more than three-quarters of students (78.4%) reporting good practice. Adjusting for age, gender, stream, educational grade and family monthly income, good practice was significantly predicted with higher knowledge (t=2.219, p=0.027) and attitude (t=2.114, p=0.035) scores. Conclusion. This study provides basic information regarding medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on e-health. More resources should be directed to elevate medical students’ knowledge and to motivate them to practice e-health using the available tools.
Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the simplified Chinese version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability questionnaire in Chinese-speaking patients with chronic ankle instability disorders
Authors: Wang Wei , Sheng Jun , Tang Yinchao , Xie Qingyun , Wei Meng , Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to adapt the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) questionnaire into a simplified Chinese version and to assess its reliability, validity, and responsiveness in Chinese-speaking patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) disorders.
Methods: The simplified Chinese version of the IdFAI (SC-IdFAI) questionnaire was developed with a five-step procedure involving cross-cultural translation and adaptation. Three questionnaires, including the SC-IdFAI, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), were administered to the recruited patients. Then, the Cronbach’s alpha value, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), Spearman’s correlation coefficient ( r s ), effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM) were calculated to evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the SC-IdFAI questionnaire.
Results: A total of 131, 119, and 86 patients with CAI successfully completed the first, second, and third rounds of the questionnaires, respectively. Good or excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability were found for the overall scale and subscales of the SC-IdFAI questionnaire. The values for the SEM (1.346) and MDC (3.73) were low, indicating that small clinical changes can be detected by the SC-IdFAI questionnaire. The correlations of the SC-IdFAI with FAAM and SF-36 were generally in agreement with the a priori hypotheses (85%, 34/40), suggesting the SC-IdFAI questionnaire has good construct validity. Moreover, the results suggest that the SC-IdFAI (ES=1.123 and SRM=1.554) has an acceptable level of responsiveness.
Conclusion: The SC-IdFAI scale may be an effective tool, and it is responsive, reliable and valid for the assessment of Chinese patients suffering from CAI.
Fear of falling and cognitive impairment in elderly with different social support levels: Findings from a community survey in Central Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thi Hue Man , Nakamura Keiko , Seino Kaoruko , Nguyen Hoang Thuy Linh , Vo Thang Van 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Fear of falling (FoF) in the elderly is one of the major public health concerns in this era of aging of the population. As there is limited evidence on how cognitive function may differ by social support level in relation to FoF among the elderly, this cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence of FoF and the associations between cognitive impairment and FoF by the social support level, after adjustments for potential confounders.
Methods : Data from the “Health needs assessment of elderly in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam in 2018” survey of 725 elderly aged 60 years or older were used for analysis. FoF was assessed using the Fall Efficacy Scale - International. High FoF was defined as a score above 28. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was used to measure the perception of support. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between cognitive function and FoF by social support levels (p <0.05).
Results: The prevalence of high FoF among the elderly was 40.8%. Female gender, advanced age, a marital status of single or formerly married, living alone, history of injury, history of falls, chronic diseases (arthritis and/or hypertension), limitations of the IADL and BADL, visual difficulty and walking difficulty, low social support, and cognitive impairment were all significantly associated with a high FoF. After adjustments for the age, gender, marital status, history of falls and health-related factors, cognitive impairment remained significantly associated with a high FoF among the elderly with a low to moderate social support level (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.49-5.89), but not in those with a high social support level.
Conclusions: A high FoF was associated with impairment of cognitive function among the elderly who perceived themselves as having low or moderate support levels, even after adjustments for socio demographic and physical functional factors. However, this association was not observed among the elderly who perceived themselves as having high social support levels. Fall prevention programs for the elderly with various levels of social support should be carefully devised, keeping in mind the cognitive function levels of the target recipients.
Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Jiayu , Wang Ying , Du Zhicheng , New Jing Liao , He Na , Hao Yuantao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Peer education has become a strategy for health promotion among high-risk groups for HIV infection worldwide. However, the extent to which peer education could have an impact on HIV prevention or the long-term effect of this impact is still unknown. This study thus quantifies the impact of peer education over time among high-risk HIV groups globally.
Method: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was used to assess the effects and duration of peer education. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library was performed, and studies about peer education on high-risk HIV groups were reviewed. Pooled effects were calculated and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis.
Results: A total of 60 articles with 96484 subjects were identified, and peer education was associated with 36% decreased rates of HIV infection among overall high risk groups (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.87). Peer education can promote HIV testing (OR=3.19; 95%CI:2.13,4.79) and condom use (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 2.11-3.36) while reduce equipment sharing (OR=0.50; 95%CI:0.33,0.75) and unprotected sex (OR=0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94). Time trend analysis revealed that peer education had a consistent effect on behavior change for over 24 months and the different follow-up times were a source of heterogeneity.
Conclusion: Our study shows that peer education is an effective tool with long-term impact for behavior change among high-risk HIV groups worldwide. Low and middle-income countries are encouraged to conduct large-scale peer education.
Magnitude of iodine deficiency disorder and associated factors in Dawro zone, southwest Ethiopia; the hidden hunger: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Asfaw Agize , Belachew Tefera 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is continued to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The problem is worse but the data is scarce in some pocket areas of the country. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of IDD and associated factors in southwest Ethiopia by using different biochemical and clinical indicators.
Methods: Both community and school based cross- sectional study was conducted on school age children (6-12 years) from March 1 to 24, 2017. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were applied to select districts and eligible children respectively. Household data was collected from children’s primary care takers by using structured questionnaire. A trained surgeon examined all children (n=652) for goiter. Urine sample was collected from 20% of children (n=130).
Results: A total of 652 school children were participated in the study. Total goiter rate and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 54.8 % and 96.12μg/l respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses student’s age was significantly (P<0 05) associated with both goiter and median UIC. However; sex of students and family income were significantly (P<0.001) associated with goiter and cassava consumption was significantly (P<0.001) associated with UIC.
Conclusion: As indicated by the median UIC, there was mild iodine deficiency in this study community. However; chronic iodine deficiency was still a severe public health problem (high goiter prevalence). In addition, there was low concentration of iodine in the salt and increased cassava cultivation and consumption indicating the potential risk in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify IDD elimination activities along with teaching communities on techniques of cassava processing for household consumption.
Trial registration: PACTR201809544276357. Retrospectively registered on 14, Sept 2018.
Putting RFMix and ADMIXTURE to the test in a complex admixed population
Authors: Uren Caitlin , Hoal Eileen G. , Möller Marlo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Global and local ancestry inference in admixed human populations can be performed using computational tools implementing distinct algorithms. The development and resulting accuracy of these tools has been tested largely on populations with relatively straightforward admixture histories but little is known about how well they perform in more complex admixture scenarios. Results Using simulations, we show that RFMix outperforms ADMIXTURE in determining global ancestry proportions even in a complex 5-way admixed population, in addition to assigning local ancestry with an accuracy of 89%. The ability of RFMix to determine global and local ancestry to a high degree of accuracy, particularly in admixed populations provides the opportunity for more accurate association analyses. Conclusion This study highlights the utility of the extension of computational tools to become more compatible to genetically structured populations, as well as the need to expand the sampling of diverse world-wide populations. This is particularly noteworthy as modern-day societies are becoming increasingly genetically complex and some genetic tools and commonly used ancestral populations are less appropriate. Based on these caveats and the results presented here, we suggest that RFMix be used for both global and local ancestry estimation in world-wide complex admixture scenarios particularly when including these estimates in association studies.