bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐stabilized chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with real‐time free‐induction‐decay readout
Authors: Liu Ruibin , Zhang Hongxi , Qian Yue , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Fu Caixia , Sun Yi , Wu Dan , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo correct the temporal B0 drift in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in real‐time with extra free‐induction‐decay (FID) readout.Theory and MethodsThe frequency stabilization module of the recently proposed frequency‐stabilized CEST (FS‐CEST) sequence was further simplified by replacing the original three k‐space lines of gradient‐echo (GRE) readout with a single k‐space line of FID readout. The B0 drift was quantified using the phase difference between the odd and even parts of the FID signal in the frequency stabilization module and then used to update the B0 frequency in the succeeding modules. The proposed FS‐CEST sequence with FID readout (FID FS‐CEST) was validated in phantoms and 16 human subjects on cross‐vendor scanners.ResultsIn the Siemens experiments, the FID FS‐CEST sequence successfully corrected the user‐induced B0 drift, generating consistent amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) images and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) spectra with those from the non‐frequency‐stabilized CEST (NFS‐CEST) sequence without B0 drift. In the Philips experiments, the FID FS‐CEST sequence produced more stable APTw images and MTRasym spectra than the NFS‐CEST sequence in the presence of practical B0 drift. Quantitatively, the SD of the APTw signal values in the deep gray matter from 15 subjects was 0.26% for the FID FS‐CEST sequence compared to 1.03% for the NFS‐CEST sequences, with the fluctuations reduced by nearly three‐quarters.ConclusionsThe proposed FS‐CEST sequence with FID readout can effectively correct the temporal B0 drift on cross‐vendor scanners.
Density-Dependent Changes in Grass Carp Growth and Mortality in Long-Term Aquatic Plant Management
Authors: Caves Stradder , Baumann Jessica R. , Stich Daniel S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella is an herbivorous fish that has been stocked throughout the United States for aquatic plant control, commonly to manage hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata. Triploid Grass Carp were purported to have a mean life span of about 11 years based on otolith-assigned ages and mortality estimates for fish associated with large stocking efforts through which aquatic plants were eliminated. Recent studies in aquatic systems where preferred foods were not eliminated have found that Grass Carp may live up to 30 years or more, but information about growth and mortality is lacking. About 130,000 Grass Carp have been stocked since 1995 to manage hydrilla in combination with fluridone application in Lake Gaston, Virginia–North Carolina, USA. Hydrilla coverage peaked at about 1,300 ha in 2003 and was reduced to about 130 ha by 2014. Since 2006, a total of 419 Grass Carp have been collected for age and growth analysis. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate von Bertalanffy growth function parameters that incorporated the effects of a linear trend in year, hydrilla abundance, or Grass Carp density and to assess population changes. Fish that were stocked in 1995 persisted through 2017. Mean maximum length (L∞) of Grass Carp decreased by about 200 mm with an increasing number of Grass Carp per hectare of hydrilla, and fish reached maximum size earlier in life. Indirect mortality estimates derived from growth parameters increased with Grass Carp density. Because preferred food availability affects mortality rates, stocking numbers should vary accordingly to maximize the effectiveness of hydrilla control programs.
Preconditioned tensor splitting AOR iterative methods for ℋ‐tensor equations
Authors: Wang Xuezhong , Che Maolin , Wei Yimin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBased on the weak regular splitting of tensors, preconditioned technology has shown great advantages in solving tensor equations with nonsingular (strong) ‐tensors. In this article, we introduce H‐splitting and H‐compatible splitting and investigate the relationship between these different splittings and their convergence. Meanwhile, we also consider a preconditioned AOR iterative method for solving tensor equations with nonsingular ‐tensors. We prove its convergence and give a comparison result on the spectral radius of the iteration tensor for the case when is a nonsingular ‐tensor. Numerical examples are also given to illustrate our methods.
What constitutes feeling safe at home? A qualitative interview study with frail older people receiving home care
Authors: Silverglow Anastasia , Lidèn Eva , Berglund Heléne , Johansson Lena , Wijk Helle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo highlight experiences of what constitutes feeling safe at home among frail older people receiving home care.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsThe sample consists of 12 individual recorded interviews with frail older people in their homes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The data collection was performed in spring 2018.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three categories: “Having a feeling of ‘at‐homeness’” describes the older people's surrounding environment and their efforts to maintain independence; “being able to influence” describes the importance for older people to shape their care by being in control and having an opportunity for self‐determination in the context of home care; and “being able to trust staff” relates to expecting staff's knowledge and skills and to appreciating the staff's ability to create positive relations.
Nurses' knowledge and practices of physical restraints in intensive care units: An observational study
Authors: Almomani Maysa H. , Khater Wejdan A. , Qasem Baha'a Aldin Abdel‐Latif , Joseph Rachel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the knowledge and practice of physical restraints (PR) among Jordanian intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.DesignA descriptive, observational design was used.MethodsA convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. We examined the knowledge of PR in 301 nurses (knowledge check) and the real‐time practice of PR in 81 nurses (direct observation) in ICU. A knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge about PR use, and data on their practice of PR were observed and documented using an observation checklist.ResultsThe mean scores of nurses' knowledge and practices were 61.5 (SD = 12.1) and 57.4 (SD = 9.7), respectively. More than half of nurses had poor knowledge of PR use and incorrect practice of implementing PR (51.5% and 60.5%, respectively). Results indicated a positive correlation between nurses' knowledge and their use of PR.
Onset of Workplace Bullying and Risk of Weight Gain: A Multicohort Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xu Tianwei , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Clark Alice J. , Ersbøll Annette K. , Westerlund Hugo , Madsen Ida E. H. , Rugulies Reiner , Pentti Jaana , Stenholm Sari , Vahtera Jussi , Sørensen Jeppe K. , Nordentoft Mads , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Hansen Åse M. , Oksanen Tuula , Virtanen Marianna , Kivimäki Mika , Rod Naja H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the onset of workplace bullying as a risk factor for BMI increase.MethodsRepeated biennial survey data from three Nordic cohort studies were used, totaling 46,148 participants (67,337 participant observations) aged between 18 and 65 who did not have obesity and who were not bullied at the baseline. Multinomial logistic regression was applied for the analysis under the framework of generalized estimating equations.ResultsFive percent reported onset of workplace bullying within 2 years from the baseline. In confounder‐adjusted models, onset of workplace bullying was associated with a higher risk of weight gain of ≥ 1 BMI unit (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.19) and of ≥ 2.5 BMI units (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.45). A dose‐response pattern was observed, and those exposed to workplace bullying more frequently showed a higher risk (Ptrend = 0.04). The association was robust to adjustments, restrictions, stratifications, and use of relative/absolute scales for BMI change.ConclusionsParticipants with exposure to the onset of workplace bullying were more likely to gain weight, a possible pathway linking workplace bullying to increased long‐term risk of type 2 diabetes.
Optimizing autocatalysis with uncertainty by derivative‐free estimators
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony S. , Sata Suhairi A. , Othman Mohd Roslee , Aziz Norashid 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA derivative‐free estimator was introduced to alleviate the drawbacks of the conventional Kalman filter when performing nonlinear analyses under different circumstances. In this work, the scaled Unscented Kalman Filter, Divided Difference Kalman filter, and Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) were selected to investigate the effectiveness of these filters in predicting the states of a complex semi‐batch reaction between propionic anhydride and 2‐butanol. The estimator's performance was evaluated under four different case studies, that is, under normal condition, under poor estimator initialization, under disturbances, and under parameter uncertainty. Results from the study show that CKF was the best option for an online dynamic optimization because of its highest degree of accuracy and stability under the normal and noisy conditions. Under normal condition, CKF yielded the lowest root mean square error of 0.61 × 10−2. Under uncertain initial condition, disturbance and parameter uncertainty, the lowest error of 1.83 × 10−2, 1.04 × 10−2, and 0.81 × 10−2 were obtained, respectively.
A Pilot Study of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tsung Irene , Worden Francis P. , Fontana Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in various solid organ malignancies. However, there are limited data regarding their safety and efficacy in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The aim of this study was to review our experience with ICIs in SOT recipients with advanced head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Methods
A retrospective review of ICIs used in SOT recipients from April 2011 to September 2019 was undertaken. Patient clinical and demographic features, ICI regimen, immunosuppression, treatment efficacy, and adverse events were reviewed.

Results
The seven SOT recipients (four kidney, two liver, one lung) were diagnosed with metastatic head and neck cSCC. All had undergone prior locoregional surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. At a median of 10.8 years (range, 6.6–18.1) post-transplant, six were treated with cemiplimab and one with pembrolizumab after minimizing calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) or conversion of CNI to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. During a median follow-up of 7.1 months, overall tumor response rate was 57.1% with one complete responder and three partial responders. Four patients died at a median of 135 days after starting ICI with two dying from tumor progression and two dying from other causes. Regarding adverse events, one lung transplant recipient developed severe pneumonitis that resolved with high-dose steroids, and one renal transplant patient developed progressive renal injury and died of unrelated causes. The three patients who received prophylactic prednisone all responded to cemiplimab with preserved allograft function and no adverse events.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that minimization of CNI and conversion of CNI to mTOR inhibitors along with judicious use of prophylactic steroids may allow for the safe use of ICIs in SOT recipients with advanced cSCC. Short-term efficacy appears promising, but prospective studies with further follow-up and a standardized protocol for prophylactic steroids are needed.

Implications for Practice
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of developing malignancy because of long-term post-transplant immunosuppression. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly shown to be successful in treating multiple types of cancer, SOT recipients have been excluded from clinical trials because of concerns regarding potential allograft rejection. This pilot study provides evidence that ICIs along with prophylactic steroids may be a safe and efficacious treatment option for selected SOT recipients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, further prospective studies using ICIs in this high-risk patient population are needed.
D-Dimer Enhances Risk-Targeted Thromboprophylaxis in Ambulatory Patients with Cancer
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Shaw Joseph R. , Key Nigel S. , Ilich Anton , Mallick Ranjeeta , Wells Philip S. , Carrier Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Thromboprophylaxis for ambulatory patients with cancer is effective, although uncertainties remain on who should be targeted. Using D-dimer values from individuals enrolled to the AVERT trial, we sought to identify and validate a more efficient venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk threshold for thromboprophylaxis.

Materials and Methods
The AVERT trial compared thromboprophylaxis with apixaban with placebo among patients with cancer with a Khorana Risk Score ≥2. The D-dimer measured at randomization was used to calculate an individualized 6-month VTE risk using the validated CATScore. A modified intention-to-treat analysis was used to assess efficacy (VTE) and safety (major and overall bleeding) in the (a) complete cohort and (b) ≥8% and &lt; 8% 6-month VTE risk thresholds.

Results
Five hundred seventy-four patients were randomized in the AVERT trial; 466 (81%) with baseline D-dimer were included in the study. Two hundred thirty-seven subjects received apixaban; 229 received placebo. In the complete cohort, there were 13 (5.5%) VTE events in the apixaban arm compared with 26 (11.4%) events in the placebo arm (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.49 [0.25–0.95], p &lt; .05). Number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one VTE = 17. Eighty-two (35%) and 72 (31%) patients in the apixaban and placebo arms, respectively, had a 6-month VTE risk ≥8%. In this subgroup, 7 (8.4%) VTE events occurred with apixaban and 19 (26.3%) events with placebo (aHR 0.33 [0.14-0.81], p &lt; .05), NNT = 6. Individuals with a VTE risk &lt;8% derived no benefit from apixaban thromboprophylaxis (aHR 0.89 [0.30–2.65), p = .84). Increased rates of overall bleeding were observed with apixaban in both the complete (aHR 2.11 [1.09–4.09], p &lt; .05) and ≥ 8% predicted risk cohorts (aHR 2.87 [0.91–9.13], p = .07).

Conclusion
A 6-month VTE risk threshold of ≥8% increases the efficiency of risk-targeted thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with cancer.

Implications for Practice
Ambulatory patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A Khorana Risk Score (KRS) ≥2 is currently the suggested threshold for thromboprophylaxis. Using baseline D-dimer values from individuals enrolled to the AVERT trial, this retrospective validation study identifies a 6-month VTE risk of ≥8% as a more efficient threshold for thromboprophylaxis. At this threshold, the number needed to treat to prevent one VTE is 6, compared with 17 when using a KRS ≥2. Conversely, individuals with a predicted risk of &lt;8% derive no clinical benefit from thromboprophylaxis. Future prospective studies should validate this threshold for outpatient thromboprophylaxis.
Genomic analysis of low‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma to identify key drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Cheasley Dane , Nigam Abhimanyu , Zethoven Magnus , Hunter Sally , Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Semple Timothy , Allan Prue , Carey Mark S , Fernandez Marta L , Dawson Amy , Köbel Martin , Huntsman David G , Le Page Cécile , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Provencher Diane , Hacker Neville , Gao Yunkai , Bowtell David , deFazio Anna , Gorringe Kylie L , Campbell Ian G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is associated with a poor response to existing chemotherapy, highlighting the need to perform comprehensive genomic analysis and identify new therapeutic vulnerabilities. The data presented here represent the largest genetic study of LGSOCs to date (n = 71), analysing 127 candidate genes derived from whole exome sequencing cohorts to generate mutation and copy‐number variation data. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed on our LGSOC cohort assessing oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, TP53, and CDKN2A status. Targeted sequencing identified 47% of cases with mutations in keyRAS/RAFpathway genes (KRAS,BRAF, andNRAS), as well as mutations in putative novel driver genes includingUSP9X(27%),MACF1(11%),ARID1A(9%),NF2(4%),DOT1L(6%), andASH1L(4%). Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed frequent oestrogen/progesterone receptor positivity (85%), along with CDKN2A protein loss (10%) and CDKN2A protein overexpression (6%), which were linked to shorter disease outcomes. Indeed, 90% of LGSOC samples harboured at least one potentially actionable alteration, which in 19/71 (27%) cases were predictive of clinical benefit from a standard treatment, either in another cancer's indication or in LGSOC specifically. In addition, we validated ubiquitin‐specific protease 9X (USP9X), which is a chromosome X‐linked substrate‐specific deubiquitinase and tumour suppressor, as a relevant therapeutic target for LGSOC. Our comprehensive genomic study highlighted that there is an addiction to a limited number of unique ‘driver’ aberrations that could be translated into improved therapeutic paths. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dexamethasone dosing for prevention of acute chemotherapy‐induced vomiting in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Patel Priya , Olteanu Ana , Cabral Sandra , Santesso Nancy , Robinson Paula D. , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA systematic review was undertaken to describe dexamethasone doses studied for chemotherapy‐induced vomiting (CIV) prophylaxis in pediatric patients and their effects on achieving complete acute CIV control. No dose‐finding studies were identified. However, 16 studies assessing pediatric patients who received dexamethasone were included and classified according to the emetogenicity of chemotherapy administered. Eight different total daily dexamethasone doses were administered to patients on day 1 of highly emetogenic chemotherapy: three in conjunction with aprepitant/fosaprepitant plus a 5HT3 antagonist and five in conjunction with a 5HT3 antagonist. Five different total daily dexamethasone doses were administered in conjunction with a 5HT3 antagonist to patients on day 1 of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity of studies identified, meta‐analysis was not possible. The optimal dexamethasone dose to control acute CIV and to minimize harms in pediatric patients remains uncertain. This is a key area for future research.
Central nervous system lesions in Fanconi anemia: Experience from a research center for Fanconi anemia patients
Authors: Aksu Tekin , Gümrük Fatma , Bayhan Turan , Coşkun Çağrı , Oğuz Kader K. , Unal Sule 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain atrophy, abnormal pituitary morphology, corpus callosum, and posterior fossa abnormalities have been described in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). We aimed to provide an overview of cranial neuroimaging findings and to evaluate the clinical implications in FA patients.ProcedureCranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 34 patients with FA were retrospectively evaluated, and patients’ clinical data were correlated with the imaging findings.ResultsThe patients’ median age was 17.6 (range, 3.9‐28) years. At least one pathological brain imaging finding was demonstrated in 22 (65%) patients. These findings included corpus callosum abnormalities and other related supratentorial malformations in nine, pituitary abnormalities in eight, craniovertebral junction and posterior fossa abnormalities in eight, vascular lesions in six, and intracerebral calcifications in two patients. Among the 22 patients who had abnormal cranial MRI findings, six (27%) had mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID), three (14%) had epilepsy, one (5%) had mild hearing loss, and one patient (5%) had hemiplegia. Among these 34 patients, 14 (41%) were transfusion dependent. There was no significant difference between patients with congenital and acquired neuroimaging findings and patients with normal neuroimaging regarding transfusion dependency.ConclusionsAcquired abnormalities in brain tissue, such as white matter intensity changes, white matter T2 hyperintense discrete foci, or infarcts along with congenital abnormalities, were identified in this study. Variable abnormal brain imaging findings in FA patients, although some were not associated with clinical neurological manifestations, suggest that brain imaging could be part of screening in FA.
Corticosteroid and Local Anesthetic Use Trends for Large Joint and Bursa Injections: Results of a Survey of Sports Medicine Physicians
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Teramoto Masaru , Asay Alexandra , Clements Nathan D. , McCormick Zachary L. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPhysician decision‐making surrounding choices for large joint and bursa injections is poorly defined, yet influences patient safety and treatment effectiveness.ObjectiveTo identify practice patterns and rationale related to injectate choices for large joint and bursal injections performed by physician members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM).DesignAn electronic survey was sent to 3400 members of the AMSSM. Demographic variables were collected: primary specialty (residency), training location, practice location, years of clinical experience, current practice type, and rationale for choosing an injectate.ParticipantsA total of 674 physicians responded (minimum response rate of 20%).InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcomes of interest included corticosteroid type and dose, local anesthetic type, and total injectate volume for each large joint or bursa (hip, knee, and shoulder).ResultsMost respondents used triamcinolone (50% to 56% of physicians, depending on injection location) or methylprednisolone (25% to 29% of physicians), 21 to 40 mg (53% to 60% of physicians), diluted with lidocaine (79% to 87%) for all large joint or bursa injections. It was noted that 36.2% (244/674) of respondents reported using >40 mg for at least one injection type. Most (90.5%, 610/674) reported using an anesthetic other than ropivacaine for at least one type of joint or bursa injection. Physicians who reported lidocaine use were less likely to report that their injectate choice was based on the literature that they reviewed (odds ratio [OR] 0.41 [0.27‐0.62], P < .001). Respondents predominantly used 5 to 7 mL of total injectate for all large joints or bursae (45% to 54% of respondents), except for the pes anserine bursa, where 3‐4 mL was more common (51% of physicians).ConclusionsIt appears that triamcinolone and methylprednisolone are the most commonly used corticosteroids for sports medicine physicians; most physicians use 21 to 40 mg of corticosteroid for all injections, and lidocaine is the most‐often used local anesthetic; very few use ropivacaine. Over one‐third of respondents used high‐dose (>40 mg triamcinolone or methylprednisolone) for at least one joint or bursa.