bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Student Motivation to Use a Gamified System in an Immunology and Immunization Training Course
Authors: Barber Connie , Stavroulaki Konstantina , Santanello Catherine 
Published: November 2020

Background: Gamification is the process of adding game elements into classroom activities to encourage student participation and motivation. Classcraft® is a gamified learning system designed to integrate easily with normal classroom activities and to enhance collaboration and teamwork.
Educational activity and setting: This study explored the use of the Classcraft® system in an Immunology and Immunization Training course, specifically examining students’ motivation to use the system and potential impacts on their motivation.
Findings: Results showed that value and enjoyment motivated students to use Classcraft®. Furthermore, the ease of use of the system positively impacted students’ enjoyment of the system. Students’ choice regarding how much they were required to engage with the system positively impacted the value and enjoyment that they experienced with the system.
Summary: Students’ demonstrated motivation to use Classcraft® provides a foundation for further research into the use of gamified learning systems within pharmacy classrooms. Research is needed to understand if use of a gamified learning system positively impacts learning outcomes.
Partnerships in Building a Culture of Reading in South Africa: The case of Nal’ibali
Authors: Mubaiwa Denise 
Published: November 2020

For many years, literacy experts have been concerned about the culture of reading in South Africa. As a result, many reading initiatives have been started in the country. Nal’ibali (isiXhosa for “it starts with a story”) is one such initiative that was started in 2012. This study aims to highlight the way in which Nal’ibali used partnership to significantly influence the culture of reading in South Africa by reaching out to over 159 191 children through reading clubs and 63 per cent of the South African population through media campaigns and initiatives. This qualitative study extracted data from the Nal’ibali’s monitoring and evaluation reports and campaign marketing documentation and internal evaluations to identify the way in which Nal’ibali is creating a culture of reading in South Africa and its impact. It was established that through partnerships, Nal’ibali is able to create the conditions that the campaign believes are important to create a culture of reading in South Africa. These partners include local community members, businesses, government, churches, libraries, and the media. Having seen the impact the Nal’ibali model has had on the people that the campaign reached, it was concluded that if South Africa is to become a reading nation, government and civil society should continue to partner in its literacy initiatives.
Caries burden and suitability for atraumatic restorative treatment among schoolchildren in Indonesia
Authors: Adyatmaka Irene , Patel Jilen 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Dental caries remains among the most prevalent chronic conditions in childhood and remains highly prevalent among schoolchildren in Indonesia. Globally, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) has been used to good effect in the management of carious lesions among high-risk cohorts, particularly in challenging environments. However, in settings, where labor, time, facilities, and materials are particularly limited, strategic triaging of teeth suitable for ART restorations may be valuable to better direct public health expenditure. Therefore, this study aims to (i) describe the prevalence of dental caries among Indonesian schoolchildren and (ii) evaluate the proportion of lesions indicated for ART.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional cohort study of elementary schoolchildren from West Java, Indonesia, was examined and categorized according to Hellman’s dental development stages (Groups 1–4 corresponding to the early mixed dentition through to complete permanent dentition). Descriptive statistics and proportional analysis were conducted with the following variables being evaluated: Teeth with early caries (EC), late/advanced caries (LC), recurrent caries (RC), and total caries experience (TC = EC+ART+LC+RC). In evaluating the suitability for ART, additional variables of ART indicated carious lesions (ART) and lower molars with lesions indicated for ART (LM) were assessed.

Results:
A total of 437 children ranging from 8 to 14 years of age were examined. Out of 8882 teeth examined, 996 had active carious lesions and only 57 had received satisfactory restorative treatment. Children in Hellman’s Group 1 stage of development had the highest prevalence of EC (62%) and ART indicated caries (32%). Meanwhile, older children in Group 4 experienced the highest portion of advanced caries (15%). The proportion of lower molars indicated for ART was 87%, 76%, 70%, and 67% in Groups 1–4, respectively.

Conclusion:
Indonesian schoolchildren face a high burden of untreated dental caries from a young age. The younger the developmental stage, the higher the prevalence of early and ART-indicated lesions with the majority being found in lower permanent molars. Although ART and preventive strategies show the highest potential in the early mixed dentition, they alone cannot completely meet the dental needs of populations such as this where the severity and disease burden are extremely high.
Effects of statins as local drug delivery agents in treating chronic periodontitis and their antimicrobial effects using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Singh Ritunja , Singh Gangesh B. , Gupta Soumya , Agrawal Anil 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of statin medication in chronic periodontitis patients and to compare the change in periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level using 1.2% atorvastatin (ATV) gel and scaling and root planning (SRP) compared to SRP alone.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out on a sample size of 40 patients with equal male and female ratio between the age group of 40–60 years having chronic periodontitis with a minimum of 20 teeth that were selected for the study. Bilateral quadrants were selected and a split mouth study was conducted. Supragingival scaling was carried out in each patient in one long appointment. The patient was then recalled after 1 week for subgingival SRP. Root planing was carried out in two consecutive visits. Left side of the mouth on the 1st day followed by right side of the mouth on the next day. On the 2nd day, after completion of the root planning, followed by placement of 1.2% ATV gel and finally the Coe Pak was placed in one quadrant which was called the test site. In the other quadrant which was called control site placebo gel was placed and the treated site was covered by the Coe Pak. The recording of clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss) was done at baseline, 1 month and 3 months. The selected site was sampled for subgingival microflora. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test, and student t-test were used for intergroup and intragroup comparison.

Results:
In our study, when intergroup comparison of mean value for PI at baseline, 1 month and 3 months was found to clinically insignificant for control and test groups, while for GI, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level it was found insignificant at baseline while significant at 1 and 3 months. Similarly, when comparison was made for microbial count it was found clinically insignificant between control and test group at baseline, while significant was noted at 3-month interval.

Conclusion:
Our study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, osteoconductive and antimicrobial effects of atorvastatin giving significant reduction in PI, GI, PPD and gain in CAL along with significant decrease in the microbial load.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of biomedical waste management among clinical dental students
Authors: Khubchandani Kanika , Devi M Kaviya , Gunasekaran Subhathraa , Yeturu Sravan Kumar , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The health-care sector generates enormous amount of biomedical waste (BMW) and dental waste forms a subset of this hazardous waste. It is, therefore, imperative for the upcoming dental health professionals to be aware of the hazards related to improper waste management and the existing rules and regulations for the same. To gauge the gaps in knowledge and find ways to rectify the same, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of biomedical waste management among dental students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a dental teaching hospital, wherein a pre-validated and tested, structured closed-ended questionnaire was adopted and given to the clinical students of dentistry. The responses were self-recorded by the participants after which statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test to compare the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice among the study groups.

Results:
Out of 168 participants, 97% agreed that waste needs to be segregated but 70% were unaware of the legislations regarding BMW management. About half of the participants across all groups gave incorrect responses regarding correct disposal of various types of wastes. Only 10.1% of students correctly disposed mercury. Among the study groups, postgraduate students fared better than house surgeons and students. More than 90% of students believed that they required additional training in BMW management.

Conclusion:
An overall positive attitude was seen among all students toward safe management of BMW. However, their knowledge and practice toward the same calls for attention on the part of educational institutions in providing continuous educational programs and monitoring the correct disposal of wastes. This was validated by the fact that increase in educational qualification showed better performance toward this subject.
Anti-microbial activity of seed extract of Cucumis sativus L., Carica papaya L. and Annona squamosa L.
Authors: Abirami S  , Antony V Samrot  , Emilin Renitta R  , Kanchana S  , Noorudeen M B  , Yamunadevi K  , Dhiva S  , Saigeetha S  
Published: November 2020

In recent days, threat related to infectious and antibiotic-resistant pathogens are increasing widely, and this created an urge to search for an alternative way of producing drugs. The sources selected for the production of drugs must have some attributes like readily available, available in bulk quantities, easy processing and containing less or negligible toxic effects. Herbal medications and drugs derived from medicinal plants may serve as a smart and an alternate way. In this study, ethanolic seed extracts have been used from three readily available plants like Cucumis sativus L., Carica papaya L., Annona squamosa L. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic seed extracts was performed against the pathogens present in the pus sample using agar disc diffusion method. It was found that the ethanolic seed extracts of Cucumis sativus L. were found to have a maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm at conc., of 900 µg against S. aureus, Carica papaya L. was found to have maximum inhibition of 13mm at conc., of 900µg against S. aureus and Annona squamosa showed negligible resistance to all pus pathogens. From the various bioactive compounds present in the plants, an efficient drug can be manufactured, and it may find a great place in the pharmaceutical industry.
Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon nardus</i>) Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Nurcholis Waras , Takene Mira , Puspita Ratna , Tumanggor Lisnawati , Qomariyah Eka Nurul , Maftuchin Sholeh Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

Infectious diseases are a disease caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One way to overcome the disease by using antibiotics. However, wise use can lead to antibiotic resistance, so many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Therefore it is necessary to search the natural compounds as antibacterials, one of them by using lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of leaf extracts, stems, and roots lemongrass as antibacterial. The method used in this research is the disc method. Bacteria used are E. coli and S. aureus. The results show extracts of roots, stems, and leaf has activity against S. aureus, while E. coli shows no activity as antibacterial, it can be possible because of the different properties of the bacteria.

Keywords: anti-bacteria, lemongrass, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
A Study on Thermal Performance of Palladium as Material for Passive Heat Transfer Enhancement Devices in Thermal and Electronics Systems
Authors: Sobamowo M. G. , Ibrahim S. A. , Salami M. O. 
Published: November 2020

In this work, the thermal behavior of fin made of palladium material under the influences of thermal radiation and internal heat generation is investigated. The thermal model for the extended surface made of palladium as the fin material is first developed and solved numerically using finite difference method. The influences of the thermal model parameters on the heat transfer behaviour of the extended surface are investigated. The results show that the rate of heat transfer through the fin and the thermal efficiency of the fin increase as the thermal conductivity of the fin material increases. This shows that fin is more efficient and effective for a larger value of thermal conductivity. However, the thermal conductivity of the fin with palladium material is low and constant at the value of approximately 75 W/mK in a wider temperature range of -100℃ and 227℃ . Also, it is shown that the thermal efficiencies of potential materials (except for stainless steel and brass) for fins decrease as the fin temperatures increase. This is because the thermal conductivities of most of the materials used for fins decreases as temperature increases.However, keeping other fin properties and the external conditions constant, the thermal efficiency of the palladium is constant as the temperature of the fin increases within the temperature range of -100℃ and 227℃. And outside the given range of temperature, the thermal conductivity of the material increases which increases the efficiency of the fin. The study will assist in the selection of proper material for the fin and in the design of passive heat enhancement devices under different applications and conditions.
Removal of methylene blue (MB) by bimetallic- metal organic framework
Authors: Al Amery Naser , Abid Hussein Rasool , Wang Shaobin , Liu Shaomin 
Published: November 2020

In this study, three improved versions of UiO-66 metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesised successfully: Different ratios of Ca+2/Zr+4 were used to synthesise UiO-66, UiO-66-10%Ca and UiO-66-30%Ca. Batch adsorption experiments were achieved to remove MB from wastewater by UiO-66-Ca. UiO-66-10%Ca exhibited the highest adsorption capacity with maximum MB adsorption capacity of 15 mg. g–1 in UiO-66-30%Ca while UiO-66 demonstrated lower MB loading. Langmuir and Freundlich models have been employed to describe isotherms. A kinetics study indicated pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. In addition, an intraparticle diffusion model was utilised. The results presented here may facilitate the further enhancement of UiO-66 MOFs and advance the synthesis of multimetal MOFs in future research.
Investigation on mechanical properties of solution strengthened and austempered ferritic ductile irons
Authors: Teker Tanju , Osman Yilmaz Serdar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of austempering on the mechanical properties of solutionstrengthened ferritic cast ductile irons. The microstructural examinations of the samples were conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Hardness, impact, and tensile tests were performed to determine the mechanical features. After the impact test, the fracture surface morphology was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The austempering results showed that the matrix structure with 70% ferrite and 30% bainite had the highest fracture toughness and yield strength. The ausferrite phase in microstructure played a positive role in ductility, toughness, and strain rates. The mechanical properties were strongly related to the amounts of ausferrite and retained ferrite ratio.
Effect of martensite volume fraction on abnormal work hardening behavior of a low carbon low alloy ferrite–martensite dual-phase steel
Authors: Ghasemi Banadkouki Seyed Sadegh , Reza Pakzaman Hamid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the work hardening behavior of a low carbon low alloy steel under various ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) microstructures. For this purpose, several DP microstructures containing 23- 87% martensite volume fraction (MVF) were developed by application of inter-critical annealing heat treatment processes. The Hollomon analysis was employed in conjunction with mechanical testing and electron microscopy observation to describe the work hardening behavior of DP samples. The experimental results indicated that the DP specimens containing lower than 36% MVF were associated with a ‘single stage’ of work hardening behavior while those of higher than 36% of martensitic microconstituents were related to a ‘double stage’ of work hardening pattern. With increasing the MVF from 23 to 87%, the strain hardening exponent for the first stage of work hardening showed a peak value of 0.111 at MVF = 73%, while those for the second stage of strain hardening exponents were continuously increased from 0.162 to 0.197. This abnormal trend of strain hardening exponents with MVF was correlated with the variable hardening responses of ferrite and martensite microconstituents.
Investigations on pressure dependent physical properties of cubic AMoO3 (A = Ca, Sr) perovskites: A DFT calculation
Authors: Hasan Zahid , Rasheduzzaman  , Monower Hossain Khandaker 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive theoretical investigation on pressure-dependent physical properties of AMoO3 (A = Ca, Sr) perovskites is accomplished in this paper by employing density functional theory calculations. Lattice parameters under pressure have been calculated, and all have resemblance with the available experimental and theoretical data. The detailed mechanical properties are discussed here. There is a clear indication of the pressure effect on the band structure. Total density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level comes from Mo-4d and O-2p states indicating the bonding between Mo and O. Charge density and bond overlap population reveal the ionic and covalent nature of Mo-O bonding respectively. The optical properties of AMoO3, also discussed for the first time, show some interesting results.
Jan Dybowski (1856–1928) i jego podróże po północnej Afryce
Authors: Kamińska Krystyna Danuta 
Published: November 2020

Jedną z pierwszych wypraw afrykańskich Jana Dybowskiego była podróż do Algierii w 1889 roku. Ponownie przybył do Algierii rok później. Obie jego podróże były bardzo wysoko ocenionez punktu widzenia poznawczego ze strony francuskich badaczy. Wyniki algierskich eksploracji i poszukiwań badawczych opublikował Dybowski w kilku ówcześnie wydanych książkach. Zarówno jego sukcesy naukowe, jak i znajomość zagadnień agrotechnicznych sprawiły, że w tamtym okresie Dybowski był uznawany za wybitnego znawcę rolnictwa tropikalnego.
Represje komunistycznego aparatu bezpieczeństwa w powiecie kętrzyńskim (1945–1956)
Authors: Gieszczyński Witold 
Published: November 2020

Powiatowy Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego (PUBP) w Kętrzynie został utworzony w lipcu 1945 r. Do zadań komunistycznego aparatu bezpieczeństwa należało m.in. zwalczanie Kościoła katolickiego oraz walka z wrogami ustroju. Zakładano przy tym, że część mieszkańców powiatu kętrzyńskiego nie akceptuje ustroju i dlatego mogą oni stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla władz komunistycznych. Wraz z postępującą sowietyzacją Polski i rozbudową aparatu represji rosła także lista działań, które traktowano jako przejaw opozycji i oporu społecznego. Zgodnie w otrzymywanymi instrukcjami i wytycznymi funkcjonariusze kętrzyńskiego PUBP rozpracowywali poszczególne środowiska społeczne głównie poprzez stale rozbudowywaną sieć tajnych informatorów i agentów. W następstwie tego wśród osób podejrzanych o tzw. wrogą działalność dokonywano licznych aresztowań, natomiast komunistyczny wymiar sprawiedliwości ferował surowe kary pozbawienia wolności. W systemie totalitarnym terror był podstawowym elementem podporządkowania społeczeństwa władzy.
Celebration of 11 November in the Republic of Poland
Authors: Kowalczyk Marta 
Published: November 2020

In 2018 the Poles celebrated not only the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I but above all regaining of independence after 123 years of partitions. Revering the memory of our fathers, sons and grandfathers who shed blood for Polish lands, flowers were led in the commemoration places, oaks were planted, independence runs and marches were organized, patriotic contests and shows were held. 11 November also witnessed ecumenical payers for the homeland which recalled St. Martin. This figure recalling former folk traditions which forecast the approach of winter is still associated with obligatory consumption of goose meat and sweet St. Martin’s croissants.
Dwa listy polskich misjonarzy w dokumentach Armanda Davida w zbiorach archiwum Zgromadzenia Księży Misjonarzy Lazarystów w Paryżu
Authors: Daszkiewicz Piotr 
Published: November 2020

Artykuł przestawia listy polskich misjonarzy odnalezione w archiwum Armanda Davida w Paryżu. List wysłany przez Franciszka Grzegdalę dotyczy zakupu książek oraz sprawy księdza Michała Stasionisa. Tematem drugiego listu, wysłanego przez Kaspra Słomińskiego jest krakowska kolekcja przyrodnicza zgromadzona przez misjonarzy. List jest ważnym dla historii nauki świadectwem jednej z ostatnich kolekcji zgromadzonych przez Armanda Davida i przesłanych z Paryża do Krakowa.
CTangoPsy : le tango argentin, une danse à deux, au service d’un processus d’accompagnement à visée thérapeutique
Authors: Nabaïs L. 
Published: November 2020

Objectif: Raviver l’élan vital dans une posture thérapeutique autre que celle d’une offre de parole qui n’est pas toujours le moyen privilégié des malades pour dire leurs souffrances.Matériel et méthode: Un atelier fermé, hebdomadaire, de tango, coanimé, proposé à des patients touchés par le cancer. Durée : six mois.Résultats: Permet de se réapproprier son corps, de modifier l’image corporelle blessée. Stimule la sensorialité, vitalise la confiance, l’estime de soi. Favorise les liens conjugaux et sociaux.Conclusion: Effets thérapeutiques constatés.
SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTION AND EOSINOFIL COUNT IN STUDENTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Wikandari Ririh Jatmi , Qomariyah Nurul , Sunarto Sunarto 
Published: November 2020

Helminth infections are common in children. This infection attacks more children because their activities are more related to the soil, and the child's diet does not recognize hygiene and hygienic food quality. Diagnosis is done by stool examination to find helminthÂ eggs, can also be supported by eosinophil examination. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of helminthiasis with the number of peripheral blood eosinophilsÂ in studentâ€™s elementary schoolÂ Gebangsari 01. This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional approach.Â The population was 40 students in grades 3 and 4. The sample is a total population of 40 people.Â FourteenÂ students were not infected with soil transmitted helminthÂ and the eosinophil count was normal. Most students have a clean and healthy lifestyle until 100% negative worm infections. There is no relationship between behavior with the number of eosinophils of studentâ€™s in elementary school Gebangsari 01.