bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Signaling in Bone Marrow Adipocytes
Authors: Tencerova Michaela , Okla Meshail , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to discuss the role of insulin signaling in bone marrow adipocyte formation, metabolic function, and its contribution to cellular senescence in relation to metabolic bone diseases.Recent FindingsInsulin signaling is an evolutionally conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism and longevity. Bone is an insulin-responsive organ that plays a role in whole body energy metabolism. Metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes increase a risk of fragility fractures along with increased bone marrow adiposity. In obesity, there is impaired insulin signaling in peripheral tissues leading to insulin resistance. However, insulin signaling is maintained in bone marrow microenvironment leading to hypermetabolic state of bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells associated with accelerated senescence and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes in obesity.SummaryThis review summarizes current findings on insulin signaling in bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells and its importance for bone and fat metabolism. Moreover, it points out to the existence of differences between bone marrow and peripheral fat metabolism which may be relevant for developing therapeutic strategies for treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients of different age groups: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng S.-Y. , Cui H.-J. , Duan H. , Peng Y.-M. , Li Q. , Sun C.-Y. , Zhang J.-Y. , Shen W. , Zhang X. , Tan K. , Jiang X. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Age is closely related to the efficacy of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Latest clinical trials have proved the better overall survival (OS) for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors verse chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. However, we had no clear idea of the efficacy of them in elderly patients. So we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for NSCLC patients of different age groups and summarized overall treatment-related adverse events.

Materials and methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for all clinical trials in NSCLC until 30th of April 2019. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. The hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OS, progression-free survival or adverse events (AEs) were used.

Results
A total of 4994 patients from 8 RCTs were included. Immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly prolonged the OS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61–0.89) versus chemotherapy in NSCLC patients who were less than 65 years old. Also, they prolonged the OS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.93) in NSCLC patients who were more than 65 years old. However, there was no statistical significance of OS (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.57–1.30) among NSCLC patients who were more than 75 years old. It also showed that the single use of immune checkpoint inhibitors had fewer all-grade AEs.

Conclusion
Regardless of the NSCLC patients who were less or more than 65 years, immune checkpoint inhibitors could achieve better OS than chemotherapy. But there was no significant difference when NSCLC patients who were more than 75 years old. Older patient should be offered immune therapies if it is possible and the mechanism in old age treatment should be further studied.
Evaluation of PiB visual interpretation with CSF Aβ and longitudinal SUVR in J-ADNI study
Authors:   Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Okada Yusuke , Kato Takashi , Iwata Kaori , Kimura Yasuyuki , Nakamura Akinori , Hattori Hideyuki , Toyama Hiroshi , Ishii Kazunari , Ishii Kenji , Senda Michio , Ito Kengo , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
The objectives of the present study were to investigate (1) whether trinary visual interpretation of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (negative/equivocal/positive) reflects quantitative amyloid measurements and the time course of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) amyloid accumulation, and (2) whether visually equivocal scans represent an early stage of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum in terms of an intermediate state of quantitative amyloid measurements and the changes in amyloid accumulation over time.

Methods
From the National Bioscience Database Center Human Database of the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we selected 133 individuals for this study including 33 with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), 52 with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 48 cognitively normal (CN) subjects who underwent clinical assessment, PiB PET, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 2 or 3-years of follow-up. Sixty-eight of the 133 individuals underwent cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β1-42 (CSF-Ab42) analysis at baseline. The standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of PiB PET was calculated with a method using MRI at each visit. The cross-sectional values, longitudinal changes in SUVR, and baseline CSF-Ab42 were compared among groups, which were categorized based on trinary visual reads of amyloid PET (negative/equivocal/positive).

Results
From the trinary visual interpretation of the PiB PET images, 55 subjects were negative, 8 were equivocal, and 70 were positive. Negative interpretation was most frequent in the CN group (70.8/10.4/18.8%: negative/equivocal/positive), and positive was most frequent in the LMCI group (34.6/1.9/63.5%) and in the ADD group (9.1/6.1/84.8%). The baseline SUVRs were 1.08 ± 0.06 in the negative group, 1.23 ± 0.15 in the equivocal group, and 1.86 ± 0.31 in the positive group (F = 174.9, p < 0.001). The baseline CSF-Ab42 level was 463 ± 112 pg/mL in the negative group, 383 ± 125 pg/mL in the equivocal group, and 264 ± 69 pg/mL in the positive group (F = 37, p < 0.001). Over the 3-year follow-up, annual changes in SUVR were − 0.00 ± 0.02 in the negative group, 0.02 ± 0.02 in the equivocal group, and 0.04 ± 0.07 in the positive group (F = 8.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Trinary visual interpretation (negative/equivocal/positive) of amyloid PET imaging reflects quantitative amyloid measurements evaluated with PET and the CSF amyloid test as well as the amyloid accumulation over time evaluated with PET over 3 years. Subjects in the early stage of the AD continuum could be identified with an equivocal scan, because they showed intermediate quantitative amyloid PET, CSF measurements, and the amyloid accumulation over time.
Do rebel workers in the honeybee Apis mellifera avoid worker policing?
Authors: Rojek Wiktoria , Kuszewska Karolina , Ostap-Chęć Monika , Woyciechowski Michał 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA recent study showed that worker larvae fed in a queenless colony develop into another female polyphenic form—rebel workers. The rebel workers are more queen-like than normal workers because they have higher reproductive potential revealed by more ovarioles in their ovaries. However, it was unclear whether eggs laid by rebel workers avoided worker policing. Worker-laid eggs are normally eaten by other workers in a queenright colony. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of three classes of eggs, namely, those laid by normal workers, rebel workers, and the queen. All eggs were tested in queenright colonies. We expected that rebel workers would avoid policing by laying more queen-like eggs. Contrary to our expectations, eggs laid by rebel workers were eaten by other workers, as were eggs laid by normal workers, and only a few worker-laid eggs (both normal and rebel) survived for more than 3 h. Therefore, in a queenright colony, eggs laid by rebel workers do not avoid policing.
Risk Management and Analytics in Wildfire Response
Authors: Thompson Matthew P. , Wei Yu , Calkin David E. , O’Connor Christopher D. , Dunn Christopher J. , Anderson Nathaniel M. , Hogland John S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe objectives of this paper are to briefly review basic risk management and analytics concepts, describe their nexus in relation to wildfire response, demonstrate real-world application of analytics to support response decisions and organizational learning, and outline an analytics strategy for the future.Recent FindingsAnalytics can improve decision-making and organizational performance across a variety of areas from sports to business to real-time emergency response. A lack of robust descriptive analytics on wildfire incident response effectiveness is a bottleneck for developing operationally relevant and empirically credible predictive and prescriptive analytics to inform and guide strategic response decisions. Capitalizing on technology such as automated resource tracking and machine learning algorithms can help bridge gaps between monitoring, learning, and data-driven decision-making.SummaryBy investing in better collection, documentation, archiving, and analysis of operational data on response effectiveness, fire management organizations can promote systematic learning and provide a better evidence base to support response decisions. We describe an analytics management framework that can provide structure to help deploy analytics within organizations, and provide real-world examples of advanced fire analytics applied in the USA. To fully capitalize on the potential of analytics, organizations may need to catalyze cultural shifts that cultivate stronger appreciation for data-driven decision processes, and develop informed skeptics that effectively balance both judgment and analysis in decision-making.
Examining Patterns in Teacher-Student Classroom Conversations during STEM Lessons
Authors: Wang Hui-Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTeacher-student conversations are central to student learning within the science classroom. Educational literature recommends teachers aim to build a common scientific language and, through dialog, develop shared meanings with students. This study examines teacher-student conversations in the specific situation of an integrated science and engineering curriculum, involving lessons on heat transfer. The findings identify critical nuances and discourse patterns in the conversations that may pose barriers to student engagement and learning. The study illustrates the need for teachers to plan dialogic, authentic interaction with students to build shared meanings about scientific concepts in order to enhance STEM learning.
The Great Pagoda at Kew: Colour and Technical Innovation in Chinoiserie Architecture
Authors: Prosser Lee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Great Pagoda in Kew Gardens is the most important surviving chinoiserie building in Europe. Restoration of the building in 2017–18 was attended by extensive documentary and forensic research, which revealed two markedly different eighteenth-century schemes of decoration undertaken by the architect William Chambers in 1761 and 1784. Both schemes were characterised by the use of innovative and experimental building materials and the application of a varied colour palette which can be shown to have close affinities with temporary, ephemeral buildings. With so few surviving contemporary examples for reference, colour and building materials appear as important characteristics of chinoiserie architecture. The discoveries at Kew demonstrate that these elements were fundamental to the style, which was never constrained by any fixed set of rules. Chambers drew on no single source for the building, but instead imaginatively adapted the Chinese style in a structure of great virtuosity.
Confirmation Based on Analogical Inference: Bayes Meets Jeffrey
Authors: Feldbacher-Escamilla Christian J. , Gebharter Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCertain hypotheses cannot be directly confirmed for theoretical, practical, or moral reasons. For some of these hypotheses, however, there might be a workaround: confirmation based on analogical reasoning. In this paper we take up Dardashti, Hartmann, Thébault, and Winsberg’s (2019) idea of analyzing confirmation based on analogical inference Bayesian style. We identify three types of confirmation by analogy and show that Dardashti et al.’s approach can cover two of them. We then highlight possible problems with their model as a general approach to analogical inference and argue that these problems can be avoided by supplementing Bayesian update with Jeffrey conditionalization.
Power/Memory: New Elite, Old Intelligentsia, and Fixing of the Georgian Mind
Authors: Batiashvili Nutsa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines an ideological and a narrative rift between two elitist formations and two forms of nationalism that a practice of memory-making embodies. In the subterranean polemic where Soviet generation intelligentsia and liberal intellectuals animate the past on Russian–Georgian relations in two distinct ways, past becomes a critical terrain where the struggle over Georgia’s geopolitical belonging and the resulting disputes on national identity take place. This analysis not only flashes out recent discursive rifts, linking them to the broader political processes, but traces the genealogies of the narrative practices that enable two idioms of nationalist discourse. It is both an analysis of post-socialist class formations and of the semantic fields within which their idioms are embedded.
GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey II: Galactic plane 345° <l< 67°, 180° <l< 240°
Authors: Hurley-Walker N. , Hancock P. J. , Franzen T. M. O. , Callingham J. R. , Offringa A. R. , Hindson L. , Wu C. , Bell M. E. , For B.-Q. , Gaensler B. M. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , Morgan J. , Murphy T. , McKinley B. , Procopio P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wayth R. B. , Zheng Q. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work makes available a further$2\,860~\text{deg}^2$of the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey, covering half of the accessible galactic plane, across 20 frequency bands sampling 72–231 MHz, with resolution$4\,\text{arcmin}-2\,\text{arcmin}$. Unlike previous GLEAM data releases, we used multi-scaleCLEANto better deconvolve large-scale galactic structure. For the galactic longitude ranges$345^\circ < l < 67^\circ$,$180^\circ < l < 240^\circ$, we provide a compact source catalogue of 22 037 components selected from a 60-MHz bandwidth image centred at 200 MHz, with RMS noise$\approx10-20\,\text{mJy}\,\text{beam}^{-1}$and position accuracy better than 2 arcsec. The catalogue has a completeness of 50% at${\approx}120\,\text{mJy}$, and a reliability of 99.86%. It covers galactic latitudes$1^\circ\leq|b|\leq10^\circ$towards the galactic centre and$|b|\leq10^\circ$for other regions, and is available from Vizier; images covering$|b|\leq10^\circ$for all longitudes are made available on the GLEAM Virtual Observatory (VO).server and SkyView.
Reforming the Purposes of Sentencing to Affirm African Values in Namibia
Authors: Ndeunyema Ndjodi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers the current sentencing purposes in Namibia. It discusses the legislator's failure to articulate these purposes, leaving this to the judiciary, and identifies the dangers that arise from this legislative lacuna. It establishes that current sentencing purposes are fundamentally premised upon a retributivist philosophy, transplanted into Namibia during the colonial period. The article thus advocates for sentencing reform, aimed at restoring a paradigm based on African values. It does so by analysing African indigenous justice systems, usingUbuntuas an Afrocentric value. The article establishes howUbuntuis contemporarily mirrored by restorative notions of justice that prioritize victims, offenders and the community, thereby asserting sentencing purposes that promote reconciliation, reparation and offender re-integration. In juxtaposing this with other sentencing purposes, the article critiques comparable jurisdictions that have recently incorporated restorative justice and proposes a set of draft sentencing purposes in the appendix.
Explaining historical change in terms of LHT: A pluralistic causal framework is needed
Authors: Allard Aurélien , Marie Antoine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Baumard suggests that the advent, through phenotypic plasticity mechanisms, of future-oriented preferences and creative mindsets in eighteenth-century Great Britain explains the wave of innovations that drove the British Industrial Revolution. We argue that, although this approach is promising, Baumard's model would benefit from being supplemented by demographic, economic, and sociological explanations independent of Life History Theory (LHT).
Time-resolved studies of low-temperature, EUV-induced plasmas: EUV emission in selected spectral ranges
Authors: Bartnik A. , Fiedorowicz H. , Wachulak P. , Fok T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInteraction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses of high intensity with gases results in the creation of non-thermalized plasmas. Energies of the driving photons and photoelectrons are sufficient for creation of excited states, followed by emission of the EUV photons. In most cases, decay times of these states are short comparing to the driving EUV pulse. It means that just after stopping of the driving pulse, the EUV emission corresponding to the excited states should also stop. From our earlier measurements in the optical range, however, it can be concluded that lifetimes of such plasmas exceed a time duration of the driving pulse even two orders of magnitude. Hence, it can be expected that the time duration of the EUV emission can be also significantly longer than the irradiation time. In this work, EUV-induced, low-temperature helium (He), krypton, and xenon plasmas were investigated. EUV emission from these plasmas was studied, using a specially prepared detection system, allowing for time-resolved measurements, in selected spectral ranges. The detection system was based on a paraboloidal collector and a semiconductor photodiode, sensitive for the EUV photons. For spectral selection, the corresponding filters or multilayer mirrors were employed. In most cases, the time duration of the EUV emission was significantly longer than the driving EUV pulse. In case of He plasmas, the emission corresponding to excited atoms was detected even hundreds of nanoseconds after the irradiation. It was also shown that the corresponding time profiles depended on densities of gases to be ionized.
“Nothing About Us, without Us.” How Community-Based Participatory Research Methods Were Adapted in an Indigenous End-of-Life Study Using Previously Collected Data
Authors: Funnell Sarah , Tanuseputro Peter , Letendre Angeline , Bearskin Lisa Bourque , Walker Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

RÉSUMÉLa recherche en santé autochtone au Canada a été négligée dans le passé et qualifiée de problématique, notamment en raison du manque de collaboration avec les peuples autochtones. L’Énoncé de politique des trois Conseils sur l’éthique de la recherche avec des êtres humains décrit au chapitre 9 la conduite éthique de la recherche axée sur les Premières nations, les Inuits et les Métis. Les principes PCAP® des Premières nations (propriété, contrôle, accès et possession) soulignent l’importance majeure de l’engagement et de la gouvernance autochtones. En vue d’assurer que les buts et les activités de la recherche développée soient réalisés en partenariat complet et significatif avec les peuples et les communautés autochtones, il est possible de faire appel à des méthodes de recherche participative communautaire (RPC) intégrant leur plein engagement. Les recherches utilisant des ensembles de données secondaires, telles que les données administratives sur la santé recueillies en routine, ne devraient plus être exclues de cette approche. Notre objectif était de décrire comment notre équipe de chercheurs universitaires, alliée à un organisme national de santé autochtone, a adapté les méthodes de RPC dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche utilisant des données recueillies antérieurement pour examiner les lacunes dans la prestation de soins de fin de vie aux peuples autochtones en Ontario. Nous décrivons le processus d’élaboration de ce partenariat de recherche et expliquons comment l’intégration des principes de base et des processus de formation du savoir autochtones ont guidé cette collaboration. Notre partenariat de recherche, qui implique l’adaptation de méthodes de RPC, illustre un processus d’engagement qui pourrait guider d’autres chercheurs désirant mener des recherches en santé autochtone à l’aide de données déjà recueillies. Nous faisons aussi état d’une entente de recherche transparente, négociée équitablement entre un organisme national de santé autochtone et des chercheurs, qui pourrait servir de cadre pour des collaborations de recherche similaires. Il est essentiel de s’assurer que les perspectives autochtones soient au cœur des processus de recherche et qu’elles soient reflétées dans ceux-ci lorsque des données administratives sur la santé sont utilisées.
Interference of Annual Sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in Wheat
Authors: Manalil Sudheesh , Haider Ali Hafiz , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) is a broadleaf weed that is increasing in prevalence in the northern cropping regions of Australia. Being a member of Asteraceae family, this weed possesses many biological attributes needed to thrive in varying environments and weed management pressure. Interference of this weed was examined in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop through field studies in 2016 and 2017. Different densities of S. oleraceus were evaluated for their potential to cause yield loss in wheat: 0.0 (weed free), low (9 to 15 plants m−2), medium (29 to 38 plants m−2), and high (62 to 63 plants m−2). Based on the exponential decay model, 43 and 52 plants m−2 caused a yield reduction of 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Yield components such as panicles m−2 and grains per panicles were affected by weed density. At the high weed infestation level, S. oleraceus produced a maximum of 182,940 and 192,657 seeds m−2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sonchus oleraceus exhibited poor seed retention at harvest as more than 95% of seeds were blown away by wind. Adverse effects on crop, high seed production and wind-blown dispersal may lead to an increased prevalence of this weed in the absence of an integrated weed management strategy utilizing both herbicides and non-chemical options.