bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells-Derived HMGB1 Facilitates Monocyte Transendothelial Migration Favoring JEV Neuroinvasion
Authors: Zou Song-Song , Zou Qing-Cui , Xiong Wen-Jing , Cui Ning-Yi , Wang Ke , Liu Hao-Xuan , Lou Wen-Juan , Higazy Doaa , Chen Hao-Wei , Zhang Ya-Ge , Cui Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Infection with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) induced high morbidity and mortality, even caused permanent neurological sequelae. However, the pathways and mechanisms of JEV invasion into the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. It is confirmed that extracellular HMGB1 facilitates immune cells transendothelial migration. Furthermore, it is observed that the migration of immune cells into the CNS dramatically increased during JEV infection which may benefit to viral clearance, but paradoxically accompanied by the expedite onset of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in advance. Thus, exploration of JEV neuroinvasion pathways is important for pathogenesis and prevention of JE.Methods: Brain microvascular endothelial cells were utilized for the detection of HMGB1 release in vitro. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) monolayer model (brain microvascular endothelial cells) and recombinant HMGB1 were applied for the measurement of endothelial cell activation and cells adhesion, the integrity of the BBB and the interaction with the immune cells. A genetically modified JEV expressing EGFP (EGFP-JEV) was used to trace the transmigration of JEV-infected immune cells crossing the BBB to mimic the process of neuroinfection.Results: JEV has the characteristic of neurotropism, causing HMGB1 released from BMEC and increasing adhesion molecules. BEMC-derived HMGB1 enhances leukocyte-endothelium adhesion, facilitating the transendothelial migration of JEV-infected monocytes across the BBB entry into the CNS. Thus, JEV successfully utilized the monocyte as a “Trojan horse” to spread the virus to the brain, expanding the brain infection, leading the acceleration of JE onset.Conclusion: JEV-infected monocytes, acting as “Trojan horse”, migrate to the brain, which was facilitated by BMEC-derived HMGB1, contributing to JEV neuroinvasion, and leading neuroinflammation and pathological changes of JE.
WITHDRAWN: The Effect of Hypertriglyceridemia on Arterial Structure and Function Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Rinkūnienė Egidija , Dženkevičiūtė Vilma , Petrulionienė Žaneta , Majauskiene Egle , Ryliškytė Ligita , Puronaitė Roma , Badarienė Jolita , Navickas Rokas , Laucevičius Aleksandras 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) augments risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), but pathophysiological mechanisms of this relation are still under discussion. Overlapping CVD risk factors make it difficult to assess the importance of individual elements. This study aimed to analyze subclinical atherosclerosis based on arterial structure and function parameters in patients with MetS and different triglycerides (TG) levels.Methods: Patients (aged 40-65 years) were divided into two groups: patients with MetS and with or without hypertriglyceridemia (hTG). Noninvasive assessment of vascular parameters—aortic augmentation index adjusted for heart rate 75 bpm (AIxHR75), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT)—were performed.Results: Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) and carotid-radial PWV (crPWV) were significantly higher in patients with hTG. After adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, fasting glucose, smoking status, cardiovascular family history and mean arterial pressure, crPWV (OR: 1.150; CI 95%: 1.04-1.28), cfPWV (OR: 1.283; CI 95%: 1.14-1.42) and CCA IMT (OR: 1.13; CI 95%: 1.02-1.25) were significantly associated with hTG (p<0.05), while AIxHR75 did not show significant association.Conclusion: Increased TG are independently associated with a cfPWV, crPWV, and CCA IMT, but not with a higher AIxHR75.
Expression and Distribution of M1 and M2 Macrophages in the Degeneration Process of Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Histological and Clinical Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Li Xiao-Chuan , Huang Chun-Ming , Luo Shao-Jian , Fan Wu , Zhou Tian-Li , Chen Wen , Wang Mao-Sheng , Bai Xiao-Chun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Macrophages were previously proved to participate in the progression of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but the phenotypic subtypes of macrophages and the association between M1/M2 positivity and clinical efficacy in LDH are not understood. This study aimed to determine the expression and distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in LDH and investigate the association between M1/M2 positivity and outcome of LDH therapy. Methods: Immunohistochemical analyses of M1 and M2 markers were used to identify M1/M2 macrophages and their prevalence and distribution in LDH patients. The association among prevalence, clinical characteristics, and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Differences in the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages with or without modic changes (MCs) and those in the high-intensity zone (HIZ) were also analyzed. Results: The induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD206 were expressed in all 79 LDH patients tested. The morphology and distribution of iNOS+ and CD206+ cells varied at different degenerative LDH stages. iNOS+ cells significantly decreased with increasing Pfirrmann grade and age, whereas CD206 cells increased. iNOS+ cells showed a positive correction with visual analog scale scores, while CD206+ exhibited positive correction with the Oswestry disability index on pre-operative day 3. A significant increase in iNOS+ cells was observed in the HIZ, whereas more CD206+ cells were found in MC tissues. Conclusions: Differences in morphology and distribution of M1/M2 cells in LDH suggested that these cells originated from both recruited and resident macrophages. Significantly different expression in MCs and the HIZ and significant correlation with clinical efficacy indicated the important role of the M1/M2 transition in the immune and inflammatory response in LDH. Management of the M1/M2 transition may be a feasible approach for preventing LDH.
Evaluation of the Refeeding Syndrome Criteria in Critically Ill Patients in a Chinese Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: lu kongmiao , zheng xiangxin , wan huqiang , wang qiangwen , han wei , chen xiaomeng , Huang Man 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) was a group of metabolic disorders associated with refeeding after starvation. However, RFS is underdiagnosed in China due to the highly heterogeneous diagnostic criteria. This study was to evaluate the diagnosis of RFS in our intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: Patients monitoring serum phosphate and accepting nutritional treatment more than 3 days were included in our retrospective study. RFS was defined as the new onset hypophosphatemia (<0.87mmol/l) within 72 h after feeding and serum phosphate concentration decreased more than the extent 30%. According to the lowest serum phosphate level within the first 3 days after feeding, all RFS patients were divided into the three groups: Group 1(between 0.65 and 0.87mmol/L as well as more than 30% decrease from baseline), Group 2 (between 0.32 and 0.65mmol/L as well as at least 0.16mmol/L decrease from baseline ) and Group 3 (lower than 0.32mmol/L). The nutritional and prognostic indices were recorded and analyzed within the three groups.Results: A total of 1678 patients were included, of which 150(8.7%) were regularly monitored for serum phosphate. Among these 150 patients, 27 patients were diagnosed the RFS finally. Except for NRS 2002, there were no significant difference in nutritional index such as BMI, percentage of High-risk RFS, total caloric intake, baseline of potassium, magnesium, phosphate and calcium and time to start feeding among three groups. Also, there were no significant differences in clinical outcome, duration of mechanical ventilation and LOS of ICU and hospital. The NRS2002 scores of the three groups were 0.75±0.957, 3.00±1.541 and 4.50±1.049 respectively, and the higher the decline of serum phosphate, the higher the NRS2002 score was (P=0.001). Conclusions: The refeeding hypophosphatemia incidence was not rare in intensive care unit，even serum phosphate has not been monitored regularly. The higher score of NRS2002 might be correlated with greater decline of serum phosphate. However, changes in serum phosphate may be unrelated to prognosis and not be an optimal indicator of low calorie feeding.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov database, NCT04005300. Registered 1 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT04005300
Interaction Between the Dietary Indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) and PPAR-γ Gene Variants on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abaj Faezeh , Soutudeh Guity , Karimi Elmira , Rafiee Masoumeh , Koohdani Fariba 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the interaction between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 diabetic patients. PPAR-γ Pro12Ala was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α) were measured by standard protocol. FFQ was used for dietary indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) calculation.Results: There was no significant relationship between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and CVD risk factors. The rs1801282-DQI interactions were significant on WC (P= 0.01). Thus, C-allele carriers in the higher tertile of DQI had higher WC compared to GG homozygous. Further, an interaction was observed between PPAR rs1801282 polymorphism and DQI on serum IL-18 level (P = 0.03). Besides, a significant rs1801282-DPI interaction was shown on HDL concentration (P Interaction= 0.04), G allele carriers who were in the highest tertile of DPI, had lower HDL. Moreover, there were significant rs1801282-HEI interactions on ghrelin (P= 0.04) in the crude model and serum leptin (P = 0.02) in the adjusted model. Individuals with (CC, CG) genotypes in the higher tertile of HEI, had lower leptin and ghrelin concentration.Conclusions: Higher dietary indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) may affect the relationship between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and waist circumference and ghrelin, leptin, HDL-c, IL-18 concentration in patients with T2DM.
Macrolide and fluoroquinolone associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in a retrospective study of male and female patients seeking care at a&nbsp;STI Clinic in Guangzhou, China, 2016-2018.
Authors: Ke Wujian , Li Dongling , Tso Lai Sze , Wei Ran , Lan Yinyuan , Chen Zhengyu , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Liuyuan , Liang Chunmei , Liao Yuying , Chen Huiru , Liu Yahui , Zheng Heping , Yang Ligang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium is a growing clinical problem. We investigated the mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance, two commonly used medical regimens for treatment in China. Our aim is to analyze the prevalence and diversity of mutations among M. genitalium-positive clinical specimens in Guangzhou, south China.MethodsA total of 154 stored M. genitalium positive specimens from men and women attending a STI clinic were tested for macrolide and fluoroquinolone mutations. M. genitalium was detected via TaqMan MGB real-time PCR. Mutations associated with macrolide resistance were detected using primers targeting region V of the 23S rRNA gene. Fluoroquinolone resistant mutations were screened via primers targeting topoisomerase IV (parC) and DNA gyrase (gyrA).Results98.7% (152/154), 95.5% (147/154) and 90.3% (139/154) of M. genitalium positive samples produced sufficient amplicon for detecting resistance mutations in 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC genes, respectively. 66.4% (101/152), 0.7% (1/147) and 77.7% (108/139) samples manifested mutations in 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC genes, respectively. A2072G (59/101, 58.4%) and S83I (79/108, 73.1%) were highly predominating in 23S rRNA and parC genes, respectively. Two samples had amino acid substitutions in gyrA (M95I and A96T, respectively). Two samples had two amino acid substitutions in parC (S83I + D87Y). 48.6% (67/138) of samples harbored both macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations. The most common combination of mutations was A2072G (23S rRNA) and S83I (parC) (40/67, 59.7%). One sample had three amino acid changes in 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC genes (A2072G + A96T + S83I).ConclusionsThe high antimicrobial resistance rate of M. genitalium in Guangzhou is a very worrying problem and suggests that antimicrobial resistance testing and the development of new antibiotic regimens are crucially needed.
Public Perceptions, Individual Characteristics, and Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 in Six Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fujii Ryosuke , Suzuki Kensuke , Niimi Junichiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Public perceptions and personal characteristics are heterogeneous between countries and subgroups, which may have different impacts on health-protective behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To assess whether self-reported perceptions of COVID-19 and personal characteristics are associated with protective behaviors among general adults and to compare patterns in six different countries.Methods: We conducted this study based on a cross-sectional online survey between 15 and 23 April 2020 across six countries (China, Italy, Japan, Korea, UK, and US). A total of 5,945 adults aged 18 years or older was eligible for our analysis. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between personal characteristics, public perception for COVID-19, and three recommended behaviors (wearing a mask, handwashing, and avoiding social gatherings).Results: In most countries, the participants who perceived the preventive behaviors as being extremely effective to curtail the pandemic were more likely to take each preventive behavior. The associations between personal characteristics, living environment, psychological status, and preventive behaviors varied across different countries. Individuals who changed their behavior because of recommendations from doctors/public health officials were more likely to take preventive behaviors in many countries.Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher perceived effectiveness may be a common factor to encourage preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may provide a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of factors related to preventive behaviors and improve public health policies in various countries and groups.
Crack Cocaine User’s Protective Factors for Relapse
Authors: Cruz Joselaine Ida , Albuquerque Rossana Carla Rameh , Nappo Solange Aparecida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although available treatments may reduce the severity of crack cocaine use-related problems, a significant percentage of users resume drug abuse within a relatively short time after treatment. This relapse process is the return to the condition of pre-treatment drug consumption conditions. Crack cocaine users appear to be particularly prone to this dynamic, making relapse one of the biggest challenges for treating crack cocaine dependents. However, in the midst of this disheartening setting regarding the high relapse potential, a negligible part of the population of users remains in abstinence, not following this pattern of relapse, although they belong to contexts similar to relapsing users. This study aimed to identify the main characteristics of crack cocaine users, which protect them from relapse in the first six months after treatment. Methods: This is a study with 700 participants recruited through treatment institutions. Initially, data were analyzed descriptively and the existence of associations was verified by Chi-Square test or Fisher’s exact test. The Student t-test for independent samples was employed to compare the means between two groups. Logistic regressions were used to simultaneously evaluate the effects of demographic characteristics, history of use of crack cocaine on the occurrence of non-relapse. Results: The results of this work returned the following crack cocaine user’s main protective factors for relapse: being single but with a steady partner, or being separated or divorced, Catholic, not living in the streets or “Cracolândia”, not developing binge, withdrawal, dependence, abstinence (more than ten days) and drug late onset. Conclusion: Among these factors, not being abstinent is a protective factor for relapse that deserves attention, considering that the conventional treatment options available in Brazil consider abstinence as the only possible outcome.
Climate-water governance: a systematic analysis of the water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan
Authors: Yasin Hafiz Qaisar , Breadsell Jessica , Tahir Muhammad Naveed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change and water security have become the most challenging global issues of this era, especially for developing countries like Pakistan. Amid many hindrances, poor governance has been identified as one of the most pressing reasons for ineffective action to tackle multifaceted and integrative climate-water issues in Pakistan. This article, therefore, applied a systematic literature review methodology to examine the current climate-water governance archetype, including key areas, major elements, critical gaps, and potential strategy in Pakistan. This study found that key climate-water governance areas in Pakistan are: river basin and watershed management, agriculture and irrigation management, urban and domestic water issues, floods, droughts and disaster management, groundwater management, and transboundary management. Moreover, it is revealed that the major governance elements are political commitment and leadership, policy formulation and regulation, institutional capacity and coordination, stakeholder engagement, and resource management, technology, and infrastructure development. The article also discusses how Pakistan has not effectively employed most of the identified governance elements to tackle its climate-water problems, lacking mostly in political, policy, institutional, coordination, and infrastructure aspects. In conclusion, a four-dimensional governance strategy, encompassing leadership, policy, institutions, and stakeholders is proposed to improve water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan.
Effects of solvent sort on casting solution and morphology of poly(ether sulfones) filtration membrane
Authors: Fan Kai , Liu Chun , Yang Haijun , Hou Zhengchi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Four kinds of solvent were chosen to prepare poly(ether sulfones) (PES) filtration membranes by the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Ternary phase diagram and shear viscosity measurement were conducted to analyse the formation of prepared membrane from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. The micro-structure of the membranes with different solvents were analysed, and the result showed a high relevance to the thermodynamics and dynamics of the casting solutions, and promoted the proposal of a reasonable membrane formation mechanism.
A hydrological model for Ayamama watershed in Istanbul, Turkey, using HEC-HMS
Authors: Kazezyılmaz-Alhan C. M. , Yalçın İ. , Javanshour K. , Aytekin M. , Gülbaz S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to overcome the flood risk in urbanized regions with high population density, generation of hydrological models is essential. The aim of this study is to generate a hydrological model for the Ayamama watershed by using HEC-HMS, simulate the flood event that occurred in Ayamama River in Istanbul, Turkey, on September 9, 2009 and evaluate the modeling performance of the HEC-HMS. For this purpose, the basin area is divided into the subbasins; the sections and parameters of the natural water channel are defined; infiltration is taken into account with the Green-Ampt method and the Clark Unit-Hydrograph method is used for calculation of the hydrograph over the watershed. The rainfall data measured during the aforementioned flood event is used in simulation. Peak flow of the hydrographs for the subbasins, which were heavily affected by the flood, are obtained and compared with the results of the calibrated hydrological model generated by Rational Method in WMS in a former study. The results obtained by HEC-HMS model are in good agreement with the results obtained by Rational Method in WMS. The strength of the HEC-HMS model over Rational Method is emphasized. Moreover, the subbasins located downstream of the Ayamama River are determined as the most critical region.
The Role of Serum Calprotectin as a New Marker in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms – A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hauzer Willy , Ferenc Stanisław , Rosińczuk Joanna , Gnus Jan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) remains a surgical challenge. There are
many recognizable markers associated with the formation of AAA. Previous experiments carried out
on animal models have shown a correlation between serum calprotectin and the occurrence of AAA.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the level of calprotectin as a potential diagnostic biomarker in
patients with diagnosed AAA.

Methods:
The study group consisted of 75 patients aged 35-75 years assigned to two groups: a control
group (n=43) of healthy subjects without AAA and a study group (n=32) of patients with a diagnosed
AAA. The first calprotectin test was performed upon patient admission to the hospital, and the second
control test was performed after three months. The concentration of calprotectin in plasma was determined
using the Immunoenzymatic Method (ELISA) with the commercially available Assaypro Kit
(AssayMax™ Human Calprotectin ELISA Kit), as well as the sandwich method with polyclonal antibodies
to human calprotectin and peroxidase enzyme.

Results & Discussion:
Serum calprotectin levels in AAA patients were three times higher than in
healthy subjects (p<0.05). A statistically significant twofold decrease in calprotectin concentration was
observed after AAA surgery compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Calprotectin levels can be an important marker in the detection of AAA. In conclusion,
AAA patients showed a threefold increase in serum calprotectin level and a twofold decrease in this
marker after AAA surgery.
Postpartum Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient Suspected to COVID-19
Authors: Ramezanpour Fatemeh , Zarvani Ashraf , Sharifi-Razavi Athena 
Published: November 2020

:
The effect of a novel beta coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 on pregnancy
outcomes and the neonatal prognosis is not fully documented yet.

Case Presentation:
In this article, we describe a patient presented with frequent seizure and blurred
vision 6 days after delivery without symptoms and laboratory data in favor of preeclampsia/eclampsia
and evaluations consistent with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Also, there was mild
clinical and radiological evidence of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, as pregnancy is a high-risk state, pregnant women may be more vulnerable
to severe COVID-19 infection and also pregnancy complications.