bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Daily GRACE Mascon Solution for Terrestrial Water Storage
Authors: Croteau M. J. , Nerem R. S. , Loomis B. D. , Sabaka T. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE‐Follow On missions have provided a global history of terrestrial water storage changes since 2002. Traditional GRACE products resolve monthly time‐variable gravity at spatial resolutions of 300–500 km, with many recent efforts focusing on regularized mass concentration (mascon) solutions to better resolve signals spatially. However, monthly resolution inhibits the applicability of GRACE to investigations of sub‐monthly signals. This study presents a new daily mass change solution estimated as deviations from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) converged monthly mascon product and quantifies the fundamental trade‐off between temporal and spatial resolution in GRACE‐only solutions. As an iteration of the GSFC product, this daily solution represents a mixing of monthly information at higher relative spatial resolution with daily information at lower relative spatial resolution, resolving each temporal scale at the best resolution achievable without requiring hydrological model dependencies in the estimation. The resolution of the daily mascons is 300–400 km at high latitudes and 600–1,000 km lower, depending on each daily orbital track and the proximity of each mascon to constraint region boundaries (e.g., coastlines). Through simulations and model comparisons, we demonstrate that daily signals over areas larger than 400,000 km
are recoverable, with basins larger than 800,000 km
exhibiting strong signal recovery relative to leakage. This analysis establishes baselines for daily signal recovery from GRACE in the context of longer time scale solutions, characterizes leakage inherent in daily GRACE information, and creates new opportunities for applying GRACE to investigations of sub‐monthly signals.
On the Spin‐Up Period in WRF Simulations Over Europe: Trade‐Offs Between Length and Seasonality
Authors: Jerez Sonia , López‐Romero Jose María , Turco Marco , Lorente‐Plazas Raquel , Gómez‐Navarro Juan José , Jiménez‐Guerrero Pedro , Montávez Juan Pedro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRegional climate models (RCMs) are usually initialized and driven through the boundaries of their limited area domain by data provided by global models (GCMs). The mismatch between the low‐resolution GCM initial conditions and RCM's high resolution introduces physical inconsistencies between the various components of the RCM. These inconsistencies can be resolved by running the RCM during a period that is considered unreliable: the spin‐up period. There is no deterministic definition of the length that the spin‐up period should have. Here we try to provide general guidelines that can be used to the advantage of the community. We base our analysis on Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations over a Euro‐Cordex compliant domain and find that for 2‐m temperature and precipitation, rather short spin‐up periods (1 week) can be sufficient. Nevertheless, longer periods (6 months) are advisable, and start dates in non‐winter months should be pursued, as this ensures a more realistic representation of the snow cover. Thus, the issue is not only about the spin‐up length. As the soil subsystem evolves slowly and requires longer periods to reach equilibrium than the longest considered here (1 year), seasonality plays an important role in minimizing the impact of the unreliability of the soil initialization. Fortunately, except for goals where the deep soil‐atmosphere feedback are critical, the lack of equilibrium between them can be ignored, as it seems to have little effect on the simulation of the atmospheric variables most frequently used in RCM studies.
Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation Mechanism and Distribution Strategy for Coal Mine Rescue Robot Under the Typical Obstacle Environment
Authors: Xue Xusheng , Cao Xiangang , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Chuanwei , Ma Hongwei , Fan Hongwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter a coal mine disaster, the coal mine roadway often forms an unknown nonstructural environment. Once the normal communication of the roadway is destroyed, the rescue operation of the coal mine rescue robot could be hindered. To restore the emergency wireless communication system in the unstructured environment of the coal mine thus becomes an important prerequisite for the rescue work for the coal mine rescue robot. This paper studies the characteristics of the nonstructural environment and sets up its model. Based on the Maxwell equation and the mechanism of radio electromagnetic wave propagation, this paper researches the electromagnetic characteristics of wireless communication channel in the unstructured environment, and verifies them by numerical simulation. This paper also studies the strategy of repeater's laying for the robot, thereby providing a reliably theoretical foundation to quickly start up the emergency wireless of the coal mine rescue robot.
Spatially Sparse Emitters Localization With QVBEM Algorithm
Authors: Ramezani Esmaeil , Sabahi Mohamad Farzan , Saberali Seyyed Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the estimation of the spatially sparse radio emitter locations from space, via the proposed Quad‐tree variational Bayesian expectation maximization (QVBEM) algorithm. First, we assume that the emitters are approximately placed on a uniform grid points in the region under surveillance. The VBEM algorithm is applied and the points exceeding the threshold level are considered as potential targets. Then, the grids are refined around the potential targets via the Quad‐tree algorithm, and the process is iterated. It allows us to find the location of sparse emitters with much less computational complexity due to the use of fewer grid points. Simulation results show the superiority of the QVBEM to existing methods. The impact of threshold value on the performance of QVBEM is also studied.
Integration of amorphous ferromagnetic oxides with multiferroic materials for room temperature magnetoelectric spintronics
Authors: Taz Humaira , Prasad Bhagwati , Huang Yen-Lin , Chen Zuhuang , Hsu Shang-Lin , Xu Ruijuan , Thakare Vishal , Sakthivel Tamil Selvan , Liu Chenze , Hettick Mark , Mukherjee Rupam , Seal Sudipta , Martin Lane W. , Javey Ali , Duscher Gerd , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Kalyanaraman Ramki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA room temperature amorphous ferromagnetic oxide semiconductor can substantially reduce the cost and complexity associated with utilizing crystalline materials for spintronic devices. We report a new material (Fe0.66Dy0.24Tb0.1)3O7-x (FDTO), which shows semiconducting behavior with reasonable electrical conductivity (~500 mOhm-cm), an optical band-gap (2.4 eV), and a large enough magnetic moment (~200 emu/cc), all of which can be tuned by varying the oxygen content during deposition. Magnetoelectric devices were made by integrating ultrathin FDTO with multiferroic BiFeO3. A strong enhancement in the magnetic coercive field of FDTO grown on BiFeO3 validated a large exchange coupling between them. Additionally, FDTO served as an excellent top electrode for ferroelectric switching in BiFeO3 with no sign of degradation after ~1010 switching cycles. RT magneto-electric coupling was demonstrated by modulating the resistance states of spin-valve structures using electric fields.
Epistatic Effect of Regulators to the Adaptive Growth of Escherichia coli
Authors: Miyake Yukari , Yamamoto Kaneyoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBacteria survive in the environment with three steps: a sensing environmental conditions, a responding to sensed signals, and an adaptation for proper survival in the environment. An adapting bacterial cell occurs cell division to increase the number of sister cells, termed adaptive growth. Two-component systems (TCSs), representing the main bacterial signal transduction systems, consist of a pair of one sensor kinase (SK) and one response regulator (RR), and RR genes are abundant in most bacterial genomes as part of the core genome. The OmpR gene family, a group of RR genes, is conserved in 95% of known bacterial genomes. The Escherichia coli genome has an estimated 34 RR genes in total, including 14 genes of OmpR family genes. To reveal the contribution of TCSs for fast growth as an adaptive growth strategy of E. coli, we isolated a set of gene knockout strains by using newly developed genome editing technology, the HoSeI (Homologous Sequence Integration) method, based on CRISPR-Cas9. The statistics of single cell observation show a knockout of an arbitrary pair of phoP, phoB, and ompR genes, stably expressed by positive feedback regulation, dramatically inhibit the optimum adaptive growth of E. coli. These insights suggest that the adaptive growth of bacteria is fulfilled by the optimum high intracellular level of regulators acquired during growth under environmental conditions.
Reconstructing temporal and spatial dynamics from single-cell pseudotime using prior knowledge of real scale cell densities
Authors: Kuritz Karsten , Stöhr Daniela , Maichl Daniela Simone , Pollak Nadine , Rehm Markus , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModern cytometry methods allow collecting complex, multi-dimensional data sets from heterogeneous cell populations at single-cell resolution. While methods exist to describe the progression and order of cellular processes from snapshots of such populations, these descriptions are limited to arbitrary pseudotime scales. Here we describe MAPiT, an universal transformation method that recovers real-time dynamics of cellular processes from pseudotime scales by utilising knowledge of the distributions on the real scales. As use cases, we applied MAPiT to two prominent problems in the flow-cytometric analysis of heterogeneous cell populations: (1) recovering the kinetics of cell cycle progression in unsynchronised and thus unperturbed cell populations, and (2) recovering the spatial arrangement of cells within multi-cellular spheroids prior to spheroid dissociation for cytometric analysis. Since MAPiT provides a theoretic basis for the relation of pseudotime values to real temporal and spatial scales, it can be used broadly in the analysis of cellular processes with snapshot data from heterogeneous cell populations.
Urethral Instillation of Povidone-Iodine Reduces Post-Cystoscopy Urinary Tract Infection in Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nayyar Rishi , Dadhwal Rohit , Kapil Arti , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Dogra PremNath 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOffice cystoscopy may be associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in up to 10–20% of patients. Current practice of surgical part preparation in males with povidone-iodine excludes distal urethra in males, leaving a possibility for resident intra-urethral flora to cause post-procedural UTI. We designed this randomized study to assess whether additional cleaning of distal urethra with povidone-iodine solution can help reduce post-procedural incidence of UTIs in this setting. Additionally, urethral swab culture was done in the entire cohort to identify the prevalent microflora in the distal male urethra and to evaluate its role in causation of post-procedural UTI. Using a specialized urethral swab culture methodology, 85% males demonstrated some bacteria and 16% showed common uro-pathogens. 28 (14.5%) cases had post-procedure culture positive UTI. The incidence of UTI in control group (22%) was significantly more than the intervention group (7%) (p value <0.007). This result strongly supports inclusion of distal urethral irrigation with povidone-iodine in males before office cystoscopy, even when pre-procedure mid-stream urine culture is sterile.
Endothelin-1 Mediated Decrease in Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Bioenergetics Contribute to Neurodegeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Chaphalkar Renuka M. , Stankowska Dorota L. , He Shaoqing , Kodati Bindu , Phillips Nicole , Prah Jude , Yang Shaohua , Krishnamoorthy Raghu R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide that is elevated in aqueous humor as well as circulation of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. ET-1 has been shown to promote degeneration of optic nerve axons and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), however, the precise mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was used to assess changes in ET-1 mediated gene expression in primary RGCs, which revealed that 23 out of 156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) had known or predicted mitochondrial function, of which oxidative phosphorylation emerged as the top-most enriched pathway. ET-1 treatment significantly decreased protein expression of key mitochondrial genes including cytochrome C oxidase copper chaperone (COX17) and ATP Synthase, H+ transporting, Mitochondrial Fo Complex (ATP5H) in primary RGCs and in vivo following intravitreal ET-1 injection in rats. A Seahorse ATP rate assay revealed a significant decrease in the rate of mitochondrial ATP production following ET-1 treatment. IOP elevation in Brown Norway rats showed a trend towards decreased expression of ATP5H. Our results demonstrate that ET-1 produced a decrease in expression of vital components of mitochondrial electron transport chain, which compromise bioenergetics and suggest a mechanism by which ET-1 promotes neurodegeneration of RGCs in glaucoma.
Pesticide pollution in freshwater paves the way for schistosomiasis transmission
Authors: Becker Jeremias M. , Ganatra Akbar A. , Kandie Faith , Mühlbauer Lina , Ahlheim Jörg , Brack Werner , Torto Baldwyn , Agola Eric L. , McOdimba Francis , Hollert Henner , Fillinger Ulrike , Liess Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a severe neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes and transmitted by freshwater snails. Snails are known to be highly tolerant to agricultural pesticides. However, little attention has been paid to the ecological consequences of pesticide pollution in areas endemic for schistosomiasis, where people live in close contact with non-sanitized freshwaters. In complementary laboratory and field studies on Kenyan inland areas along Lake Victoria, we show that pesticide pollution is a major driver in increasing the occurrence of host snails and thus the risk of schistosomiasis transmission. In the laboratory, snails showed higher insecticide tolerance to commonly found pesticides than associated invertebrates, in particular to the neonicotinoid Imidacloprid and the organophosphate Diazinon. In the field, we demonstrated at 48 sites that snails were present exclusively in habitats characterized by pesticide pollution and eutrophication. Our analysis revealed that insensitive snails dominated over their less tolerant competitors. The study shows for the first time that in the field, pesticide concentrations considered “safe” in environmental risk assessment have indirect effects on human health. Thus we conclude there is a need for rethinking the environmental risk of low pesticide concentrations and of integrating agricultural mitigation measures in the control of schistosomiasis.
Interleukin-17A induces vascular remodeling of small arteries and blood pressure elevation
Authors: Orejudo Macarena , García-Redondo Ana B. , Rodrigues-Diez Raúl R. , Rodrigues-Díez Raquel , Santos-Sanchez Laura , Tejera-Muñoz Antonio , Egido Jesús , Selgas Rafael , Salaices Mercedes , Briones Ana M. , Ruiz-Ortega Marta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn important link exists between hypertension and inflammation. Hypertensive patients present elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A). This cytokine participates in host defense, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory pathologies, and cardiovascular diseases, mainly through the regulation of proinflammatory factors. Emerging evidence also suggests that IL-17A could play a role in regulating blood pressure and end-organ damage. Here, our preclinical studies in a murine model of systemic IL-17A administration showed that increased levels of circulating IL-17A raised blood pressure induced inward remodeling of small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) and arterial stiffness. In IL-17A-infused mice, treatment with hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide diminished blood pressure elevation, without modifying mechanical and structural properties of SMA, suggesting a direct vascular effect of IL-17A. The mechanisms of IL-17A seem to involve an induction of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy and phenotype changes, in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins accumulation. Accordingly, treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody diminished SMA remodeling in a model of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Moreover, in vitro studies in VSMCs reported here, provide further evidence of the direct effects of IL-17A on cell growth responses. Our experimental data suggest that IL-17A is a key mediator of vascular remodeling of the small arteries, which might contribute, at least in part, to blood pressure elevation.
Das Telenotarztsystem – Potentiale für die präklinische Notfallversorgung im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Süss Rebekka , Dewenter Caterina , Ekinci Aylin , Laslo Timm , Fleßa Steffen 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Der Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald steht aufgrund seiner ländlichen Prägung vor steigenden Herausforderungen in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung. Der Telenotarzt als Innovation ist in diesem Bereich seit 2017 im Landkreis im Rahmen eines Projektes im Einsatz. Mittels einer Analyse realer Einsatzdaten sollte die avisierte Verbesserung der Notfallversorgung durch das Telenotarztsystem untersucht werden.
Methodik Die Datenbasis stellen die Einsatzdaten aus dem Eigenbetrieb Rettungsdienst Greifswald dar und umfassen Informationen zu den Rettungswagen und Notarzteinsatzfahrzeugen. Diese Daten aus den Jahren 2016 und 2018 wurden bereinigt und gegenübergestellt. Anschließend erfolgte die Verknüpfung mit den Einsatzdaten des Telenotarztes aus dem Jahr 2018. Insbesondere wurden dabei die Einsatzhäufigkeiten und die Bindungsdauern des Personals Notarzt und Telenotarzt analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Anteil der Notarztbeteiligung an allen Fällen im Jahr 2016 bei 14 458 von 27 302 Fällen beträgt und im Jahr 2018 14 683 von 30 927 Fällen. Es ergibt sich eine Reduktion um 5,5 %. Zusätzlich war in 86,6 % aller Telenotarzt-Einsätze kein konventioneller Notarzt beteiligt. In Bezug auf die Bindungsdauer der Ressource Notarztpersonal und Telenotarzt zeigt sich deutlich, dass ein Notarzt im Mittel mehr als doppelt so lang im Einsatz gebunden ist wie ein Telenotarzt.
Schlussfolgerung Es konnte erfolgreich gezeigt werden, dass die Ressource Notarztpersonal durch die Einführung eines Telenotarztsystems effizienter eingesetzt werden kann. Das große Potential des Telenotarztes, den Notarzt zukünftig zu unterstützten und zu entlasten, stellt insbesondere für den ländlichen Raum eine vielversprechende Lösung in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung dar.
Anti-amoebic Activity of Leaf Extracts and Aporphine Alkaloids Obtained from Annona purpurea
Authors: Díaz-Godínez César , Ontiveros-Rodríguez Julio C. , Ríos-Valencia Diana G. , Herbert-Pucheta José Enrique , Zepeda-Vallejo L. Gerardo , Carrero Julio César 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Annona purpurea has been traditionally used by indigenous and socioeconomically disadvantaged people to treat infectious and parasitic diseases, including amoebiasis. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a crude methanolic extract, an alkaloid extract, and aporphine alkaloids from leaves of A. purpurea on the viability of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite cultures and to identify the mechanism of action. Different concentrations of the extracts and alkaloids purpureine (1), 3-hydroxyglaucine (2), norpurpureine (3) glaziovine (4), and oxopurpureine (5) were added to the cultures, and dead parasites were counted after 24 h using a tetrazolium dye reduction assay and analyzed by flow cytometry. The crude extract did not affect the viability of amoebae, but the alkaloid extract and the derived alkaloid glaziovine (4) had important anti-amoebic activity with an IC50 of 33.5 µM compared to that shown by metronidazole (6.8 µM). The treatments induced significant morphological changes in the trophozoites, and most parasites killed by the alkaloid extract were positive for Annexin V, suggesting that apoptosis was the main mechanism of action. In contrast, glaziovine (4) induced less apoptosis with more amoebic lysis. This study supports the idea that aporphine alkaloids from A. purpurea, mainly (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4), could contribute to the development of new formulations for the treatment of amoebiasis. In addition, X-ray diffraction structural analysis and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4) were performed and reported for the first time.
Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de pacientes com síndrome do impacto femoroacetabular: Há diferença entre quadril sintomático e assintomático?
Authors: Silva Andreza Maroneze , Nakatake Flávia Marques , Neves Maria Cristina Arruda , Alves Vera Lúcia Santos , Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli 
Published: February 2020

Resumo
Objetivos Comparar características clínicas e radiográficas entre quadril sintomático e assintomático em pacientes com síndrome do impacto femoroacetabular unilateral e estabelecer correlações entre os achados.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, que consultou prontuários de pacientes com síndrome do impacto femoroacetabular, entre janeiro de 2014 e abril de 2017. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente pelo questionário International Hip Outcome Tool 33 (iHOT33), escala visual analógica de dor, amplitude de rotação de quadril e força muscular de quadril e joelho. A avaliação radiográfica foi composta por mensurações do ângulo alfa, sinal do cruzamento, índice de retroversão acetabular, sinal da espinha isquiática e sinal da parede posterior do acetábulo.
Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 45 prontuários de pacientes, com tempo médio de sintomas até o diagnóstico de 28,6 meses e pontuação média no iHOT33 de 39,9. O valor médio de rotação medial do quadril sintomático foi de 20,5° e do assintomático 27,2°, com (p < 0,001). A positividade do sinal do cruzamento para quadril sintomático foi de 68,9% e do assintomático 55,6% (p = 0,03). Para índice de retroversão, o valor médio do quadril sintomático foi de 0,15 e do quadril assintomático foi 0,11 (p = 0,02). Encontramos correlação positiva entre o tempo de sintomas e a redução de amplitude de rotação medial de quadril (p = 0,04) e entre o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e a redução amplitude de rotação medial de quadril (p = 0,02).
Conclusão Ao comparar características clínicas e radiográficas, observamos redução de rotação medial e aumento do índice de retroversão acetabular no quadril sintomático, bem como associação entre o longo tempo de sintoma e o IMC elevado com perda de rotação medial dos quadris.