bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distraction from pain: The role of selective attention and pain catastrophizing
Authors: Rischer Katharina M. , González‐Roldán Ana M. , Montoya Pedro , Gigl Sandra , Anton Fernand , van der Meulen Marian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive engagement in reducing concurrent pain. However, little is known about the role of individual differences in inhibitory control abilities and negative pain‐related cognitions in modulating the magnitude of this type of distraction from pain.MethodsIn a pain distraction paradigm, 41 participants completed a working memory task with both a demanding high load condition (2‐back) and an easy low load condition (0‐back), while receiving warm or painful thermal stimuli to their left forearm. To control for individual differences in sensitivity to pain and perceived task difficulty, nociceptive stimulus intensity and task speed were individually calibrated. Additionally, participants completed a set of cognitive inhibition tasks (flanker, go/nogo, Stroop) and questionnaires about negative pain‐related cognitions (fear of pain, pain catastrophizing) prior to the distraction paradigm.ResultsAs expected, engaging in the high load condition significantly reduced perceived intensity and unpleasantness of nociceptive stimuli, compared to the low load condition. The size of the distraction effect correlated significantly with better cognitive inhibition and selective attention abilities, as measured by the flanker task. A moderation analysis revealed a significant interaction between pain catastrophizing and performance in the flanker task in predicting the distraction effect size: Participants who performed well on the flanker task showed more pain reduction, but only when they were average to high pain catastrophizers.ConclusionsSelective attention abilities and pain catastrophizing seem to be important factors in explaining individual differences in the size of the analgesic response to a distractive task.SignificanceUnderstanding which factors influence the effectiveness of cognitive engagement in distracting from pain could help to optimize its therapeutic application in patient care. This study shows that a complex interplay of cognitive inhibition abilities, specifically selective attention, and negative pain‐related cognitions, such as pain catastrophizing, modulate the magnitude of the distraction effect.
Oxidative stability of direct‐expanded chickpea–sorghum snacks
Authors: Bekele Esayas K. , Nosworthy Matthew G. , Henry Carol J. , Shand Phyllis J. , Tyler Robert T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn contrast to other pulses, chickpea has a relatively high fat content (3%–10%). This study was designed to investigate direct‐expanded chickpea–sorghum extruded snacks (50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 chickpea:sorghum, w/w) with respect to: their oxidative stability and sensory properties during accelerated (55°C) and room temperature (25°C) storage; correlations between chemical markers (peroxide value and p‐anisidine value) and sensory data during accelerated storage; and the shelf‐life of snacks extruded at the optimal expansion point as determined by a rotatable central composite design. Peroxide values and p‐anisidine values were in the range of 0–2.5 mEq/Kg and 5–30, respectively, for both accelerated and room temperature storage, and increased during storage (p < .05). 70:30 and 60:40 (w/w) chickpea–sorghum snacks had higher peroxide and p‐anisidine values compared to the 50:50 snack during storage at either temperature (p < .05). Rancid aroma and off‐flavor of 60:40 and 70:30 chickpea–sorghum snacks (slightly intense = 6) also were higher than that of the 50:50 snack (moderately weak = 3) (p < .05). Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between chemical markers and sensory attributes (p < .05). The study illustrated that shelf‐life decreased as the percentage of chickpea in the blend increased. Therefore, in terms of shelf‐life, a 50:50 chickpea–sorghum blend is preferable.
Bioactivity and biochemical efficacy of chitinase and Justicia brandegeana extract against Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Shehawy Ayman A. , Ibrahim Magda T. , Aboutaleb Enas S. , Qari Sameer H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a large polyphagous insect, and this study was carried out to isolate chitinase from Beauveria bassiana as well as phytochemical screening of Justicia brandegeana to elucidate its effect as biocontrol agents against the red palm weevil and its possible effect on enzymatic bioactivity. It is the first time that the lipoid constituents of J. brandegeana were examined by both gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/Mass). The results showed that the highest rates of mortality in treated prepupae were 35.0% and 30.0% with the higher concentration of chitinase (25 ppm) and petroleum ether extract of J. brandegeana (1,200 ppm), respectively. Moreover, changes in enzyme activity of ALP, PO, GPT, and GOT in the prepupal stage after treatment with LC50 chitinase and J. brandegeana extract were 36.63 & 14.32, −21.99 & 41.20, −11.02 & 47.05, and −36.00 & 21.43% compared with untreated control, respectively. This study demonstrated effectiveness of chitinase, and the petroleum ether extract of J. brandegeana has potent effect against Rh. ferrugineus due to its disturbance effect on the enzymatic system, protein as well as DNA damage.
Shared genomic segment analysis with equivalence testing
Authors: Horpaopan Sukanya , Fann Cathy S. J. , Lathrop Mark , Ott Jurg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn important aspect of disease gene mapping is replication, that is, a putative finding in one group of individuals is confirmed in another set of individuals. As it can happen by chance that individuals share an estimated disease position, we developed a statistical approach to determine the p‐value for multiple individuals or families to share a possibly small number of candidate susceptibility variants. Here, we focus on candidate variants for dominant traits that have been obtained by our previously developed heterozygosity analysis, and we are testing the sharing of candidate variants obtained for different individuals. Our approach allows for multiple pathogenic variants in a gene to contribute to disease, and for estimated disease variant positions to be imprecise. Statistically, the method developed here falls into the category of equivalence testing, where the classical null and alternative hypotheses of homogeneity and heterogeneity are reversed. The null hypothesis situation is created by permuting genomic locations of variants for one individual after another. We applied our methodology to the ALSPAC data set of 1,927 whole‐genome sequenced individuals, where some individuals carry a pathogenic variant for the BRCA1 gene, but no two individuals carry the same variant. Our shared genomic segment analysis found significant evidence for BRCA1 pathogenic variants within ±5 kb of a given DNA variant.
‘More than one red herring'? Heterogeneous effects of ageing on health care utilisation
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Vilaplana‐Prieto Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of ageing, defined as an extra year of life, on health care utilisation. We disentangle the direct effect of ageing, from other alternative explanations such as the presence of comorbidities and endogenous time to death (TTD) that are argued to absorb the effect of ageing (so‐called ‘red herring' hypothesis). We exploit individual level end of life data from several European countries that record the use of medicine, outpatient and inpatient care and long‐term care. Consistently with the ‘red herring hypothesis', we find that corrected TTD estimates are significantly different from uncorrected ones, and their effect size exceeds that of an extra year of life, which in turn is moderated by individual comorbidities. Corrected estimates suggest an overall attenuated effect of ageing, which does not influence outpatient care utilisation. These results suggest the presence of ‘more than one red herring' depending on the type of health care examined.
Relationship of lymph node status with survival and recurrence among women with endometrial cancer
Authors: Buldukoglu Osman Cagin , Turker Alev , Usubutun Alp , Salman Mehmet Coskun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship of lymph node ratio (LNR) and other lymph node parameters with disease‐free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival among women with endometrial cancer.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer at Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey, between 2003 and 2013. Women who had their surgical procedure, pathology review, and follow‐up at Hacettepe University Hospitals were included in the study. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the threshold LNR associated with survival.ResultsOverall, 376 women were included in the study. A higher number of excised metastatic lymph nodes was associated with decreased survival. ROC curve analysis determined a threshold LNR of 0.03. Women with LNR higher than 0.03 had decreased DFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001) relative to those with LNR of 0.03 or lower. LNR of 0.1 was found to be a significant cutoff value for DFS (P=0.023) and OS (P=0.036) among women with at least one metastatic lymph node.ConclusionLNR may be used as a prognostic tool in endometrial cancer. Future studies will help to define a precise threshold of LNR in order to implement this prognostic factor in daily practice.
Raman mapping coupled to self‐modelling MCR‐ALS analysis to estimate active cosmetic ingredient penetration profile in skin
Authors: Stella Aline , Bonnier Franck , Tfayli Ali , Yvergnaux Florent , Byrne Hugh J , Chourpa Igor , Munnier Emilie , Tauber Clovis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConfocal Raman mapping (CRM) is a powerful, label free, non‐destructive tool, enabling molecular characterization of human skin with applications in the dermo‐cosmetic field. Coupling CRM to multivariate analysis can be used to monitor the penetration and permeation of active cosmetic ingredients (ACI) after topical application. It is presently illustrated how multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) can be applied to detect and semi‐quantitatively describe the diffusion profile of Delipidol, a commercially available slimming ACI, from Raman spectral maps. Although the analysis outcome can be critically dependent on the a priori selection of the number of regression components, it is demonstrated that profiling of the kinetics of diffusion into the skin can be established with or without additionnal spectral equality constraints in the multivariate analysis, with similar results. Ultimately, MCR‐ALS, applied without spectral equality contraints, specifically identifies the ACI as one of main spectral components enabling to investigate its distribution and penetration into the stratum corneum and underlying epidermis layers.
Perfusion decellularization of porcine esophagus: Study of two processing factors affecting the folded mucosal structure of the esophageal scaffold
Authors: Sitthisang Sonthikan , Leong Meng Fatt , Chian Kerm Sin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcellular scaffolds from decellularized donor organs are showing promising clinical results in tissue and organ repair and regeneration. A successful decellularization process is determined by (a) its capability to decellularize complete organs of large animals, (b) retention of the extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and morphologies, and (c) minimal loss of ECM proteins. In this study, porcine esophagi were perfused in full thickness with 0.25% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate at perfusion rates 0.1–0.2 ml/min for up to 5 days. Decellularized tissues were characterized for their residual DNA, histological staining for their matrix structures, immunohistochemical staining for collagen type IV and laminin, and scanning electron microscopy for structural integrity. Our results showed that full thickness esophageal tissues treated using the horizontal perfusion setup were decellularized with good structural and biochemical integrity in the ECM. Residual DNA content in decellularized tissues was found to be 36 ± 12 ng/mg of tissues (n = 6) which was significantly lower than that of native tissues (p = .00022). Our study showed that the organ must be decellularized in full thickness and perfusion pressure must be controlled to minimize radial expansion. These factors were found to be critical in preserving the folded mucosa in the decellularized tissues.
Microneedle‐based transdermal electrochemical biosensors based on Prussian blue‐gold nanohybrid modified screen‐printed electrodes
Authors: Pandey Prem C. , Pandey Govind , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of a microneedle‐based electrochemical biosensor for use in transdermal biosensing, which includes a screen‐printed electrode containing a Prussian blue‐gold nanohybrid as the working electrode. The Prussian blue gold nanohybrid is made from polyethylenime (PEI)‐ mediated simultaneous synthesis of Prussian blue (PBNP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP), which forms a PBNP‐AuNP nanohybrid with a remarkable change in the Prussian blue character. PEI‐protected polycrystalline PBNPs can be synthesized in acidic media from the single precursor potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6] at 60°C. Since PEI also enables the controlled formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of formaldehyde, nanohybrids containing PBNPs and AuNPs may be prepared. Two different methods of PEI mediated synthesis of AuNP in the presence of PBNP were considered. In Method 1, AuNP and PBNP were made independently and mixed together in an appropriate ratio. In Method 2, PBNPs were made first, followed by PEI‐ and formaldehyde‐mediated reduction of gold cations in the presence of PBNP. PBNP‐AuNPs display a remarkable change in Prussian blue behavior such that the absorption maxima of PBNP‐AuNPs made through Method 1 tend to increase at 670 nm as a function of gold concentration as compared with the control; the reverse was observed when PBNP‐AuNPs were made through Method 2. As made PBNPs and PBNP‐AuNPs made through Method 1 display excellent catalytic activity toward both reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide based on peroxidase mimetic activity. In addition, the as‐synthesized PBNPs displayed superparamagnetic behavior that can be manipulated in the presence of AuNPs. The results from peroxidase mimetic activity, chemiluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry showed suitable analytical performance of the as‐made PBNP‐AuNP nanohybrid for biomedical applications.
Failure of Oral Risedronate Therapy to Prevent Spontaneous Vertebral Fracture in a Patient Ceasing Denosumab: A Cautionary Case
Authors: Davidoff Dahlia F , Girgis Christian M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDenosumab is a highly effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, significantly improving BMD and reducing risk of fracture. However, denosumab's effect is transient with the risk of a rebound increase in bone turnover following withdrawal of this potent RANKL inhibitor. This poses challenges, particularly in individuals seeking to discontinue denosumab, such as those experiencing a direct complication of prolonged antiresorptive therapy or those in whom an antiresorptive drug holiday would be ordinarily considered. Bisphosphonate strategies to mitigate postdenosumab bone loss are being actively studied. We describe the case of a 73‐year‐old woman who developed a spontaneous vertebral fracture following denosumab discontinuation, despite prolonged treatment with bisphosphonate therapy both before her course of denosumab (20 years of use) and following denosumab discontinuation (1 year of use). This is a cautionary case seeking to highlight uncertainties around the safe withdrawal of denosumab therapy despite intervening treatment with bisphosphonates. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting
Authors: de Klein Cecile A. M. , Alfaro Marta A. , Giltrap Donna , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Simon Priscila L. , Noble Alasdair D. L. , van der Weerden Tony J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStatic chambers are often used for measuring nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from soils, but statistical analysis of chamber data is challenged by the inherently heterogeneous nature of N2O fluxes. Because N2O chamber measurements are commonly used to assess N2O mitigation strategies or to determine country‐specific emission factors (EFs) for calculating national greenhouse gas inventories, it is important that statistical analysis of the data is sound and that EFs are robustly estimated. This paper is one of a series of articles that provide guidance on different aspects of N2O chamber methodologies. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with statistical analysis of heterogeneous data, by summarizing statistical approaches used in recent publications and providing guidance on assessing normality and options for transforming data that follow a non‐normal distribution. We also recommend minimum requirements for reporting of experimental and metadata of N2O studies to ensure that the robustness of the results can be reliably evaluated. This includes detailed information on the experimental site, methodology and measurement procedures, gas analysis, data and statistical analyses, and approaches to generate EFs, as well as results of ancillary measurements. The reliability, robustness, and comparability of soil N2O emissions data will be improved through (a) application, and reporting, of more rigorous methodological standards by researchers and (b) greater vigilance by reviewers and scientific editors to ensure that all necessary information is reported in scientific publications.
Industrializing an Oil‐Based Economy: Evidence from Iran's Auto Industry
Authors: Movahed Masoud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo theoretical paradigms namely, the ‘resource curse’ and ‘developmental state’ would predict that industrial development in countries with abundance of capital‐intensive natural resources and in states with patrimonial tendencies is doomed to failure. Iran's success in developing a dynamic auto industry, which in 2011 became the world's 12th largest automobile manufacturer with 1.6 million vehicles produced per year seems to contradict these perspectives. How was this technical capacity created in an oil‐based economy—which provides little incentive for industrialization—and, in a country that has been under the United States and international sanctions since 1979 Revolution? In this paper, I will expand on the implications of these theoretical traditions to identify the structural factors that enabled the Iranian state to develop a large automobile sector and relatively diversify the economy. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural products and their derivatives: Promising modulators of tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Deng Li-Juan , Qi Ming , Li Nan , Lei Yu-He , Zhang Dong-Mei , Chen Jia-Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A wealth of evidence supports the role of tumor immunotherapy as a vital therapeutic option in cancer. In recent decades, accumulated studies have revealed the anticancer activities of natural products and their derivatives. Increasing interest has been driven toward finding novel potential modulators of tumor immunotherapy from natural products, a hot research topic worldwide. These works of research mainly focused on natural products, including polyphenols (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol), cardiotonic steroids (e.g., bufalin and digoxin), terpenoids (e.g., paclitaxel and artemisinins), and polysaccharide extracts (e.g., lentinan). Compelling data highlight that natural products have a promising future in tumor immunotherapy. Considering the importance and significance of this topic, we initially discussed the integrated research progress of natural products and their derivatives, including target T cells, macrophages, B cells, NKs, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immunogenic cell death, and immune checkpoints. Furthermore, these natural compounds inactivate several key pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. Here, we performed a deep generalization, analysis, and summarization of the previous achievements, recent progress, and the bottlenecks in the development of natural products as tumor immunotherapy. We expect this review to provide some insight for guiding future research.
Macrophage dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: Nature or nurture?
Authors: Turton Keren B , Ingram Rebecca J , Valvano Miguel A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) affect the homeostasis of chloride flux by epithelial cells. This has deleterious consequences, especially in respiratory epithelia, where the defect results in mucus accumulation distinctive of cystic fibrosis. CFTR is, however, also expressed in phagocytic cells, like macrophages. Immune cells are highly sensitive to conditioning by their environment; thus, CFTR dysfunction in epithelia influences macrophages by affecting the lung milieu, but the mutations also appear to be directly consequential for intrinsic macrophage functions. Particular mutations can alter CFTR’s folding, traffic of the protein to the membrane and function. As such, understanding the intrinsic effects of CFTR mutation requires distinguishing the secondary effects of misfolded CFTR on cell stress pathways from the primary defect of CFTR dysfunction/absence. Investigations into CFTR’s role in macrophages have exploited various models, each with their own advantages and limitations. This review summarizes these methodologic approaches, discussing their physiological correspondence and highlighting key findings. The controversy surrounding CFTR-dependent acidification is used as a case study to highlight difficulties in commensurability across model systems. Recent work in macrophage biology, including polarization and host–pathogen interaction studies, brought into the context of CFTR research, offers potential explanations for observed discrepancies between studies. Moreover, the rapid advancement of novel gene editing technologies and new macrophage model systems makes this assessment of the field’s models and methodologies timely.