bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to the EM algorithm for ML estimation of location, scatter matrix, and degree of freedom of the Student t distribution
Authors: Hasannasab Marzieh , Hertrich Johannes , Laus Friederike , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider maximum likelihood estimations of the degree of freedom parameterν, the location parameterμand the scatter matrixΣof the multivariate Studenttdistribution. In particular, we are interested in estimating the degree of freedom parameterνthat determines the tails of the corresponding probability density function and was rarely considered in detail in the literature so far. We prove that under certain assumptions a minimizer of the negative log-likelihood function exists, where we have to take special care of the case$\nu \rightarrow \infty $ν→∞, for which the Studenttdistribution approaches the Gaussian distribution. As alternatives to the classical EM algorithm we propose three other algorithms which cannot be interpreted as EM algorithm. For fixedν, the first algorithm is an accelerated EM algorithm known from the literature. However, since we do not fixν, we cannot apply standard convergence results for the EM algorithm. The other two algorithms differ from this algorithm in the iteration step forν. We show how the objective function behaves for the different updates ofνand prove for all three algorithms that it decreases in each iteration step. We compare the algorithms as well as some accelerated versions by numerical simulation and apply one of them for estimating the degree of freedom parameter in images corrupted by Studenttnoise.
Snowpack-stored atmospheric surface-active contaminants traced with snowmelt water surface film rheology
Authors: Pogorzelski Stanisław J. , Rochowski Paweł , Grzegorczyk Maciej , Boniewicz-Szmyt Katarzyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to quantify the adsorptive and thermo-elastic properties of snowmelt water surface films and their spatial-temporal evolution with snowpack structure characteristics and the entrapped surface-active organic composition. Surface pressure–area (π-A)T isotherms, surface pressure-temperature (π-T)A isochors, and stress–relaxation (π-t) measurements were performed using a Langmuir trough system on snowmelt water samples collected in a large-scale field studies performed at several industrialized and rural Tricity (Gdansk, Poland) areas at various environmental conditions and subsequent stages of the snowpack melting progress. Since the snow-melted water composition and concentrations of surface active organic matter fractions therein are largely undetermined, the force-area isotherm scaling formalisms (2D virial equation and 2D film scaling theory of polymeric films) were adapted to the complex mixture of surfactants. The surface film parameters and their spatial and temporal evolution turned out to be unequivocally related to principal signatures of the film-forming materials: surfactant concentrations (π, Alim), surface activity (Eisoth, |E|), film material solubility (R), surface material miscibility and 2D architecture complexity (y, βs), molecular thermal mobility (πk), and a timescale of the relaxation processes within the film (τi, |E|). Moreover, the parameters appeared to be correlated with snowpack structure characteristics (snow density ρ, specific snow area SSA, snow cover thickness), sample age time, and anthropogenic atmospheric contamination pressure source locations. In particular, Eisoth was found to be related to ρ and SSA, while R correlated with the solubility of film-forming organics which turned out to be long-chain fatty acids; similarly, spatial profiles of Eisoth revealed the peak values next to the areas being under a severe anthropogenic air pollution pressure. Snowmelt water films stand for a structurally heterogeneous (y > 10) interfacial system where several transition processes of differentiated time-scales (relaxation times from 7 to 63 s) took place leading to the apparent surface viscoelasticity. To sum up, the established surface rheological parameters could serve as novel indicators, based solely on physical attributes, allowing to follow the snowpack evolution, and its melting polymorphism in order to test or improve the existing snow-entrapped organics release models based on chemical analyses. The cross-correlation functional dependences of practical value remain to be established on the larger data set.
Wie viel Religion und Nation braucht der Staat? Administrativ-rechtsförmige Solidaritäten und ihre identitätsbasierten Grundlagen in Europa
Authors: Schnabel Annette 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht das Verhältnis zwischen administrativer wohlfahrtsstaatlicher und identitär-partikularer Solidarität. Zunächst wird der Solidaritätsbegriff theoretisch in seiner Mehrdimensionalität entfaltet und dann die beiden Modi der administrativen und der identitär-partikularen Solidarität unterschieden. Diese theoriegeleitete Differenzierung wird im empirischen Teil mit den Daten aus der fünften Welle der European Values Study verknüpft. In einer Mehrebenenanalyse wird für die Mitgliedsländer der Europäischen Union untersucht, wie sich Religiosität und nationenbezogene Zugehörigkeit auf Einstellungen zur administrativen Solidarität in unterschiedlichen staatlichen Kontexten auswirken. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine mehrdimensionale Untersuchung von Solidarität das komplexe Verhältnis von administrativer und identitär-partikularer Solidarität näher aufschlüsseln kann und Religiosität und nationenbezogene Zugehörigkeit die Dimensionen der administrativen Solidarität je unterschiedlich beeinflussen: Während Religion teils konkurrierende Einflüsse aufweist, scheint Nation eher unterstützend zu wirken.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel myricetin derivatives containing sulfonylpiperazine
Authors: He Jun , Tang Xue-Mei , Liu Ting-Ting , Peng Feng , Zhou Qing , Liu Li-Wei , He Ming , Xue Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyricetin derivatives containing sulfonylpiperazine were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS. The antibacterial activity results indicated that some compounds showed good antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodispv. citri (Xac) and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs). Among them, compounds 4m and 4p revealed excellent antibacterial activities against Rs with a concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) value of 4 and 4 μg/mL, which were better than the control drugs bismerthiazol (13 μg/mL) and thiodiazole-copper (185 μg/mL). As observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), these compounds act by causing folding and deformation of the bacterial surface, resulting in incomplete bacterial structure, so as to achieve the goal of bacteriostasis. The myricetin derivatives synthesized are expected to guide the research direction of new antibacterial agents.
Slice Dirac operator over octonions
Authors: Jin Ming , Ren Guangbin , Sabadini Irene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe slice Dirac operator over octonions is a slice counterpart of the Dirac operator over quaternions. It involves a new theory of stem functions, which is the extension from the commutative O(1) case to the non-commutative O(3) case. For functions in the kernel of the slice Dirac operator over octonions, we establish the representation formula, the Cauchy integral formula (and, more in general, the Cauchy-Pompeiu formula), and the Taylor as well as the Laurent series expansion formulas.
Anthracycline-Related Heart Failure: Certain Knowledge and Open Questions
Authors: Robinson Emma Louise , Azodi Maral , Heymans Stephane , Heggermont Ward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, cardio-oncology has become a discipline on its own, with tremendous research going on to unravel the mechanisms underpinning different manifestations of cardiotoxicity caused by anticancer drugs. Although this domain is much broader than the effect of chemotherapy alone, a lot of questions about anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. In this invited review, we provide insights in molecular mechanisms behind anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and put it in a clinical framework emphasizing the need for patients to understand, detect, and treat this detrimental condition.
Singular ideals of skew Hurwitz polynomial rings
Authors: Ahmadi Morteza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For a ring R and an endomorphism $$\alpha $$
α
of R, we provide a full description of left and right singular ideals of the skew Hurwitz polynomial ring $$(hR,\alpha )$$

(
h
R
,
α
)

. We obtain that if $$\alpha $$
α
is an automorphism of R, then R is right (resp., left) nonsingular if and only if $$ (hR,\alpha ) $$

(
h
R
,
α
)

is right (resp., left) nonsingular. We give an example of a ring R and an endomorphism $$\alpha $$
α
of R such that the skew Hurwitz polynomial ring $$(hR,\alpha )$$

(
h
R
,
α
)

is left nonsingular, but not right nonsingular.
Sobolev regular solutions for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in higher dimensions: asymptotics and representation formulae
Authors: Yan Weiping , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a smooth bounded domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$$

Ω
⊂

R
n

with the dimension $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. We first establish asymptotic expansion formulae of Sobolev regular finite energy solutions in $$\Omega$$
Ω
. In the second part of this paper, explicit representation formulae of Sobolev regular solutions are showed in the regular polyhedron $$\Omega :=[0,T]^n$$

Ω
:
=

[
0
,
T
]

n

.
On a Durrmeyer-type modification of the Exponential sampling series
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Mantellini Ilaria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the exponential sampling Durrmeyer series. We discuss pointwise and uniform convergence properties and an asymptotic formula of Voronovskaja type. Quantitative results are given, using the usual modulus of continuity for uniformly continuous functions. Some examples are also described.
Quantifying the impacts of land use/land cover change on the water balance in the afforested River Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Saddique Naeem , Mahmood Talha , Bernhofer Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLand use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the key driving elements responsible for altering the hydrology of a watershed. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal LULC changes between 2001 and 2018 and their impacts on the water balance of the Jhelum River Basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to analyze the impacts on water yield (WY) and evapotranspiration (ET). The model was calibrated and validated with discharge data between 1995 and 2005 and then simulated with different land use. The increase was observed in forest, settlement and water areas during the study period. At the catchment scale, we found that afforestation has reduced the WY and surface runoff, while enhanced the ET. Moreover, this change was more pronounced at the sub-basin scale. Some sub-basins, especially in the northern part of the study area, exhibited an increase in WY due to an increase in the snow cover area. Similarly, extremes land use scenarios also showed significant impact on water balance components. The basin WY has decreased by 38 mm/year and ET has increased about 36 mm/year. The findings of this study could guide the watershed manager in the development of sustainable LULC planning and water resources management.
Dalbavancin as long-term suppressive therapy for patients with Gram-positive bacteremia due to an intravascular source—a series of four cases
Authors: Hitzenbichler Florian , Mohr Arno , Camboni Daniele , Simon Michaela , Salzberger Bernd , Hanses Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present four cases with Gram-positive bacteremia (pathogens: MRSA n = 1, Enterococcus spp. n = 3) due to an intravascular source (left ventricular assist device: n = 2, transfemoral aortic valve implantation n = 1, prosthetic aortic valve: n = 1) where no curative treatment was available. These patients received indefinite, chronic suppressive (palliative) therapy with dalbavancin (500 mg weekly or 1000 mg biweekly regimens). Outcomes and clinical characteristics are described; treatment was effective in suppression of bacteremia in all patients over several months (range: 1 to more than 12 months), we observed no relevant side effects.
Sequential lidar sensor system simulation: a modular approach for simulation-based safety validation of automated driving
Authors: Rosenberger Philipp , Holder Martin Friedrich , Cianciaruso Nicodemo , Aust Philip , Tamm-Morschel Jonas Franz , Linnhoff Clemens , Winner Hermann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractValidating safety is an unsolved challenge before autonomous driving on public roads is possible. Since only the use of simulation-based test procedures can lead to an economically viable solution for safety validation, computationally efficient simulation models with validated fidelity are demanded. A central part of the overall simulation tool chain is the simulation of the perception components. In this work, a sequential modular approach for simulation of active perception sensor systems is presented on the example of lidar. It enables the required level of fidelity of synthetic object list data for safety validation using beforehand simulated point clouds. The elaborated framework around the sequential modules provides standardized interfaces packaging for co-simulation such as Open Simulation Interface (OSI) and Functional Mockup Interface (FMI), while providing a new level of modularity, testability, interchangeability, and distributability. The fidelity of the sequential approach is demonstrated on an everyday scenario at an intersection that is performed in reality at first and reproduced in simulation afterwards. The synthetic point cloud is generated by a sensor model with high fidelity and processed by a tracking model afterwards, which, therefore, outputs bounding boxes and trajectories that are close to reality.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in wild oat grown in soils amended with sediment dredged from the Joumine Dam in Bizerte, Tunisia
Authors: Ben Chabchoubi Imen , Mtibaa Slim , Ksibi Mohamed , Hentati Olfa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Joumine Dam located in northern Tunisia has lost more than 20% of its initial storage capacity due to sedimentation, meaning that sediment management is necessary. The sediments at the reservoir bottom act as a sink for nutrients and chemicals originating from the upper agricultural lands and take the form of suspended particles. We proposed that the dredged sediments could be used to amend arid to semiarid soils, as this would partially cover the financial burden of dredging works and reduce the volume of these deposits. However, to check the feasibility of using the sediments as a fertilizer, it was necessary to assess the potential health risks from contaminants in the sediments. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the human health risk (i.e., the hazard quotient, HQ) from heavy metals consumed due to the ingestion of Bromus ramosus (wild oat) grown in soil amended with the Joumine Dam sediments. Plant growth was monitored in macrocosm (amendment rate of 1.17%) and microcosm (amendment rate ≤ 10%) bioassays to elucidate the metal concentrations in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations were analyzed in the plants grown in the macrocosm experiments, while the follow-up was only performed for Zn in the plants grown in the microcosm experiments. The human exposure to soil pollutants (HESP) evaluation model was adopted to evaluate the health risk (HQ) to humans through direct and indirect oral exposure to heavy metals in wild oat. At the macrocosm scale, Cu was found to be the main source of risk (HQ = 1.86) to children. At the microcosm scale, utilization of the sediment reduced the mobility and bioavailability of copper in the soil, thus decreasing the potential health risk from this metal.
Graphic abstract
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Dissolution of Hematite in Mixtures of Oxalic and Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Vehmaanperä Paula , Salmimies Riina , Häkkinen Antti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dissolution of iron oxides in mixtures of acids is fairly uncommon but can result in a more efficient dissolution process. The objective in this work was to investigate the dissolution of synthetic hematite powder in mixtures of oxalic and sulfuric acid. Experiments were done at different acid ratios and temperatures. An increase in temperature from 15 to 35 °C increased solubility, whereas an increase from 35 to 50 °C did not change the solubility but had a profound effect on the kinetics. An important finding was that oxalic acid advanced the dissolution process since increasing the amount of oxalic acid in the system resulted in faster kinetics and higher solubilities. The dissolution kinetics were well described with the Kabai model, which was the only studied model able to describe the whole reaction time. However, the solid specific constant a varied for the different acid ratios and this is argued to be a result of changes in the solid phase. The changes in the constant a were not in line with the original study of Kabai, which indicates that a cannot be the solid specific constant but it can be the constant connected to dissolving media describing the changes in the dissolution mechanism.
Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit, physisches Selbstkonzept und deren reziproke Zusammenhänge mit dem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) vom Kindergarten bis zur Grundschule
Authors: Dreiskämper Dennis , Utesch Till , Henning Lena , Ferrari Nina , Graf Christine , Tietjens Maike , Naul Roland 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungSowohl die Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit (MLF) als auch das physische Selbstkonzept (PSK) sind bereits im frühen Kindesalter mit verschiedenen Faktoren gelingender Entwicklung wie beispielsweise der körperlichen Aktivität und dem globalen Selbstwert verbunden. Die Frage nach altersabhängigen wechselseitigen Effekten zwischen der MLF, dem PSK und der physischen Gesundheit, zum Beispiel dem BMI, ist im Kindesalter jedoch bislang unzureichend untersucht. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, zunächst die Stabilität der MLF, des PSK und des BMI sowie das Realitätsmaß zwischen der tatsächlichen motorischen Leistung und der subjektiven Selbsteinschätzung zu untersuchen und anschließend zu prüfen, ob über die Spanne des Kindesalters reziproke Effekte zwischen diesen Faktoren bestehen. In dem BMBF-geförderten Projekt „Gesund aufwachsen“ wurden die motorische Leistung, das PSK sowie der BMI als Faktor der physischen Gesundheit von insgesamt 1378 Kindern aus neun Kindergärten (n = 403) sowie der ersten (n = 456) und dritten Klasse (n = 519, insgesamt acht Grundschulen) am Anfang und Ende eines Schuljahres erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen bereits im frühen bis mittleren Kindesalter erhöhte Prävalenzraten für Übergewicht und Schwächen in der MLF. Der BMI erweist sich in allen drei Altersklassen als sehr stabil (β = 0,81–0,88). Zudem zeigt sich, dass sowohl das Stabilitätsmaß der motorischen Leistung und des PSK als auch das Realitätsmaß im Vergleich verschiedener Altersklassen im Kindergarten geringer ist als in Klasse 1 und Klasse 3 (Kindergarten: β = 0,36–0,82; p < 0,001; Klasse 1: β = 0,44–0,88; p < 0,001; Klasse 3: β = 0,61–0,85; p < 0,001). Die Ergebnisse deuten auf das Potenzial und die Notwendigkeit hin, das physische Selbstkonzept von Kindern im Grundschulalter zu fördern.
Inpatient fluoroquinolone use in Veterans’ Affairs hospitals is a predictor of Clostridioides difficile infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant ribotype 027 strains
Authors: Silva Sandra Y. , Wilson Brigid M. , Redmond Sarah N. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Reduction in the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics has been associated with reductions in Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) due to fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.Objective:To determine whether facility-level fluoroquinolone use predicts healthcare facility-associated (HCFA) CDI due to fluoroquinolone-resistant 027 strains.Methods:Using a nationwide cohort of hospitalized patients in the Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, we identified hospitals that categorized >80% of CDI cases as positive or negative for the 027 strain for at least one-quarter of fiscal years 2011–2018. Within these facilities, we used visual summaries and multilevel logistic regression models to assess the association between facility-level fluoroquinolone use and rates of HCFA-CDI due to 027 strains, controlling for time and facility complexity level, and adjusting for correlated outcomes within facilities.Results:Between 2011 and 2018, 55 hospitals met criteria for reporting 027 results, including a total of 5,091 HCFA-CDI cases, with 1,017 infections (20.0%) due to 027 strains. Across these facilities, the use of fluoroquinolones decreased by 52% from 2011 to 2018, with concurrent reductions in the overall HCFA-CDI rate and the proportion of HCFA-CDI cases due to the 027 strain of 13% and 55%, respectively. A multilevel logistic model demonstrated a significant effect of facility-level fluoroquinolone use on the proportion of infections in the facility due to the 027 strain, most noticeably in low-complexity facilities.Conclusions:Our findings provide support for interventions to reduce use of fluroquinolones as a control measure for CDI, particularly in settings where fluoroquinolone use is high and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains are common causes of infection.
SPECTRAL CONDITIONS FOR UNIFORM P-ERGODICITIES OF MARKOV OPERATORS ON ABSTRACT STATES SPACES
Authors: ERKURŞUN-ÖZCAN NAZIFE , MUKHAMEDOV FARRUKH 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we deal with asymptotical stability of Markov operators acting on abstract state spaces (i.e. an ordered Banach space, where the norm has an additivity property on the cone of positive elements). Basically, we are interested in the rate of convergence when a Markov operator T satisfies the uniform P-ergodicity, i.e.
$\|T^n-P\|\to 0$
, here P is a projection. We have showed that T is uniformly P-ergodic if and only if
$\|T^n-P\|\leq C\beta^n$
,
$0<\beta<1$
. In this paper, we prove that such a β is characterized by the spectral radius of T − P. Moreover, we give Deoblin’s kind of conditions for the uniform P-ergodicity of Markov operators.
Performative Governance
Authors: Ding Iza 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe state often struggles to meet citizens’ demands but confronts strong public pressure to do so. What does the state do when public expectations exceed its actual governing capacity? This article shows that the state can respond by engaging in performative governance—the theatrical deployment of language, symbols, and gestures to foster an impression of good governance among citizens. Performative governance should be distinguished from other types of state behavior, such as inertia, paternalism, and the substantive satisfaction of citizens’ demands. The author illustrates this concept in the realm of environmental governance in China. Given the severity of China’s environmental pollution, the resulting public outcry, and the logistical and political challenges involved in solving the problem, how can the state redeem itself? Ethnographic evidence from participant observation at a municipal environmental protection bureau reveals that when bureaucrats are confronted with the dual burdens of low state capacity and high public scrutiny, they engage in performative governance to assuage citizens’ complaints. This study draws attention to the double meaning of “performance” in political contexts, and the essential distinction between the substantive and the theatrical.