bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing seasonal anomalies for Israel: evidence from pre- and post-global financial crisis
Authors: Jaisinghani Dinesh , Kaur Muskan , Inamdar Mohd Merajuddin 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze different seasonal anomalies for the Israeli securities markets for the pre- and post-global financial crisis periods.

Design/methodology/approach
The closing values of six indices of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) of Israel have been considered. The time frame ranges from 2000 to 2018. Further, the overall time frame has been segregated into pre- and post-financial crisis periods. The study employs dummy variable regression technique for assessing different calendar anomalies.

Findings
The results show evidence pertaining to different seasonal anomalies for the Israeli markets. The results specifically show that the anomalies change considerably across the pre- and post-financial crisis periods. The results are more apparent for three anomalies including the day of the week effect, the month of the year effect and the holiday effect. However, anomalies including the Halloween effect and the trading month effect are found to be insignificant across both pre- and post-financial crisis periods.

Originality/value
The study is first of its kind that analyzes different seasonal anomalies across pre- and post-financial crisis periods for the Israeli markets. The study provides newer insights about the overall return patterns observed in different indices of the TASE.
Measures of firm risk-taking: revisiting Bowman’s paradox
Authors: Santacruz Lujer 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between firm-level risk and returns and to explore other ways of measuring firm risk-taking. Literature overwhelmingly shows a negative relationship between firm-level risk and returns based on accounting data, which is counter-intuitive from the rational perspective of risk-aversion. This paper revisits this so-called Bowman’s paradox by examining the wealth of literature on the topic and empirically tests alternative measures of firm risk-taking that could provide a counter-argument on the existence of the paradox.Design/methodology/approachAfter formulating the criteria for such a measure, potential measures of firm risk-taking were developed based on variability of some key financial ratios and empirically tested using US listed companies’ data for several time periods from 1992 to 2016. Literature has explored the use of these financial ratios (e.g. R&D expenses as percentage of sales) based only on their magnitude. This paper is novel in that it examines the variability and not just the magnitude of these parameters.FindingsResults showed the same counter-intuitive negative relationship between firm risk-taking and returns but the paper was able to identify an area for future theory development that hopefully will lead to a firm risk-taking measure that would exhibit the elusive positive relationship with returns.Originality/valueThe literature review of this paper brought together and provided a succinct classification of the various explanations for Bowman’s paradox that allowed the identification of a potentially rich area of research. It identified a gap in the literature which is the formulation of suitable measures of firm risk-taking and made investigations in this area.
Analysis on the insect community dynamics of Dokdo Island, Korea from 1978 to 2015
Authors: Kim Yeongbu , Kwon Ohseok 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of the insect community dynamics of Dokdo Island, located at the eastern end of Korean territory, based on the data from the publications from 1978 to 2015 was carried out. A total of 13 orders 166 species of insects was reported to exist in Dokdo by this study. This study is focused on the analysis of the community structure and dynamics of insects in Dokdo Island over the past 40 years. Order Diptera was the only one taxonomic group to be collected in all survey during the period of 1981 to 2015.
Efficacy and safety of iloprost in patients with septic shock‐induced endotheliopathy—Protocol for the multicenter randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, investigator‐initiated trial
Authors: Bestle Morten H. , Clausen Niels E. , Søe‐Jensen Peter , Kristiansen Klaus T. , Lange Theis , Johansson Pär I. , Stensballe Jakob , Perner Anders 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIn Europe 700.000 new cases of sepsis occur annually and more than 100.000 of these patients die due to multiorgan failure (MOF). We have identified shock‐induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) to be associated with development of MOF and mortality. Furthermore, in patients with septic shock those with circulating levels of thrombomodulin (TM) above 10 ng/mL have twice the mortality (56% vs 28%) than those with levels below this level. Pilot studies indicate that infusion of iloprost (1 ng/kg/min) is associated with improved endothelial function in patients with septic shock.Material and MethodsThis is a multicenter, randomized, blinded, investigator‐initiated, adaptive phase 2B trial in up to 384 patients with septic shock‐induced endotheliopathy defined by TM > 10 ng/mL who are allocated 1:1 to 72 hours continuous infusion of iloprost 1 ng/kg/min or placebo (equal volume of saline). The primary outcome is the mean daily modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the ICU up to day 90. Secondary outcomes include 28‐ and 90‐day all‐cause mortality, days alive without vasopressor in the ICU within 90 days, days alive without mechanical ventilation in the ICU within 90 days, days alive without renal replacement therapy in the ICU within 90 days, numbers of serious adverse reactions, and the number of serious adverse events within the first 7 days.DiscussionThis trial tests the safety and efficacy of iloprost vs placebo for 72 hours in patients with septic shock and SHINE. The outcome measures focus on the potential effect of the intervention to mitigate organ failure.Trial registrationCOMBAT‐SHINE trial—EudraCT no. 2019‐001131‐31—Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04123444—Ethics Committee no. H‐19018258.
Does Cannabis Dependence Add on to the Neurocognitive Impairment Among Patients With Opioid Dependence? A Cross‐Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Basu Debasish , Mattoo S.K. , Kumar Rana Devender , Roub Fazle 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesChronic opioid exposure has been linked with neurocognitive impairments. Evidence of residual impairment with cannabis use is less consistent. We investigated whether patients with opioid and cannabis dependence perform poorly compared with those with opioid dependence alone.MethodsWe recruited three groups of participants aged 18 to 55 years: opioid and cannabis dependence (OCaD; n = 21), only opioid dependence (OD; n = 19), and a control group (HC; n = 20). Subjects with other substance use, human immunodeficiency virus, head injury, epilepsy, and severe mental illness were excluded. Cognitive tests, performed after at least 1 week of abstinence, consisted of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Iowa gambling task (IGT), trail making tests A and B (TMT‐A and B), verbal and visual N‐back test (NBT), and standard progressive matrices for intelligence quotient (IQ). The general linear model was used to compare the groups with age and years of education as covariates.ResultsIQ and severity of opioid dependence were comparable in the three groups. The mean duration of cannabis use was 76.2 (±39.4) months. Compared with the HC, both OD and OCaD had significant impairment on the IGT, WCST, TMTs, and NBT. No significant group difference was observed between the OD and OCaD groups.Discussion and ConclusionsOpioid dependence is associated with impairments in decision making, executive function, working memory, and attention. Co‐morbid cannabis dependence had similar profiles of cognitive impairments.Scientific SignificanceCo‐morbid cannabis dependence might not add on to the existing cognitive dysfunction in opioid dependence. Further studies should be done with a larger sample. (Am J Addict 2020;29:120–128)
Paternalism and certitude
Authors: Cohen Shlomo , Cohen Noam , Gabbay Ezra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen paternalism is deemed morally justified, weak paternalism—which restricts itself to assisting the target of paternalism realize his own preferences—is the preferred (less problematic) alternative. In determining the appropriateness of weak paternalism, the level of certitude of the paternalist regarding the correctness of her assessment of the true preferences of the one‐paternalized is obviously a crucial factor. Yet in the ethics of paternalism this parameter has escaped systematic treatment. This paper aims to initiate discussion on this indispensable consideration for weak paternalism. Analysing a real‐life dilemma of paternalism in healthcare, the paper focuses on the theoretical question of how the paternalist can optimize her certitude by combining personal knowledge of the individual patient with population data on treatment refusal/consent of patients facing similar decisions. The paper presents an outline of a decision‐making scheme that can be valuable in medical ethics and beyond.
AR videos as scaffolding to foster students’ learning achievements and motivation in EFL learning
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) is capable of providing students with proper situated scaffolding via overlaying rich media objects on the real‐world learning context. This paper examines the potential of AR to address existing problems with insufficient scaffolding in video learning materials for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Thus, an AR video‐enhanced learning (ARVEL) method was designed to assist students’ EFL learning. Furthermore, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influences of the implemented method on students' EFL learning outcomes. The experimental results displayed that the ARVEL method significantly improved the students' learning achievements and intrinsic motivation, and enhanced their satisfaction with EFL learning, compared to the students learning EFL with conventional video‐based learning.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Learning experience of English as a foreign language (EFL) is highly related to the experience in actual learning contexts.
The significance of providing students with proper assistance in a situated learning environment has been emphasized.
Just observing videos might be inadequate for advancing students' reflection on learning tasks in video‐based learning.
What this paper adds

An augmented reality (AR) video‐enhanced learning method was proposed to assist students' EFL learning.
An AR video‐enhanced learning (ARVEL) system was designed based on the implemented method.
It was evidenced that the implemented method effectively improved students' learning achievements and motivation.
The students display a higher degree of satisfaction with EFL learning than with the video‐enhanced learning method.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The ARVEL method could be a good reference for implementing an EFL learning environment.
More kinds of assistance could be designed as scaffolding for assisting students' EFL learning.
It is worth probing the influences of the ARVEL on students' learning of more abstract vocabulary and concepts.
S2k guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Gross Gerd E. , Eisert Lisa , Doerr Hans Wilhelm , Fickenscher Helmut , Knuf Markus , Maier Philip , Maschke Matthias , Müller Rainer , Pleyer Uwe , Schäfer Michael , Sunderkötter Cord , Werner Ricardo N. , Wutzler Peter , Nast Alexander 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe present guidelines are aimed at residents and board‐certified specialists in the fields of dermatology, ophthalmology, ENT, pediatrics, neurology, virology, infectious diseases, anesthesiology, general medicine and any other medical specialties involved in the management of patients with herpes zoster. They are also intended as a guide for policymakers and health insurance funds. The guidelines were developed by dermatologists, virologists, ophthalmologists, ENT physicians, neurologists, pediatricians and anesthesiologists/pain specialists using a formal consensus process (S2k).Readers are provided with an overview of the clinical and molecular diagnostic workup, including antigen detection, antibody tests and viral culture. Special diagnostic situations and complicated disease courses are discussed. The authors address general and special aspects of antiviral therapy for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. Furthermore, the guidelines provide detailed information on pain management including a schematic overview, and they conclude with a discussion of topical treatment options.
Oral and nail pigmentations: a useful parallelism for the clinician
Authors: Dika Emi , Starace Michela , Lambertini Martina , Patrizi Annalisa , Veronesi Giulia , Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: January 2020

SummaryOral (OP) and nail (NP) pigmentations may occur simultaneously in physiological or pathological conditions, and may be a sign of underlying syndromic conditions that necessitate further investigation and treatment. Interestingly, the nail unit and oral cavity show a clinical parallelism that may help the clinician to conduct a correct examination and reach a prompt diagnosis.Both OP and NP can manifest clinically with focal or diffuse involvement and are due to external factors (exogenous pigmentation, drug‐induced pigmentation) or endogenous factors (racial pigmentation, post‐inflammatory pigmentation, nevi, genetic conditions and other disorders). The most concerning differential diagnosis is melanoma.Here we report the pathogenetic basis of OP and NP, together with the description of similar clinical features. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper to summarize and describe the causes of pigmentation of both the oral cavity and the nail unit.
A 5‐year retrospective evaluation of undergraduate dental research projects in a Nigerian University: Graduates' perceptions of their learning experiences
Authors: Otuyemi Olayinka D. , Olaniyi Emmanuel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionUndergraduate research projects have never been evaluated despite six decades of dental training in Nigeria. This study evaluated dental graduates' perceptions of the research project from 2013 to 2017.MethodsA cohort of 93 graduates from a Nigerian University was investigated through the use of self‐administered questionnaires on a Google form platform. Analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistics on SPSS version 16. Statistical significant level was set at P < .05.ResultsThe cohort showed a very good understanding of research project objectives during their undergraduate training with more male and older students independently choosing their research topics (P > .05). Students' research topics were changed by supervisors in about one‐quarter and one‐tenth of the male and female students, respectively. About one‐third of the students met set deadlines with no significant differences amongst gender and age groups (P > .05). However, only two‐thirds of the students submitted their projects before the deadline due to other contending academic works. More males and older age group sought assistance from other academic staff for information on their projects. About one‐half of the students reportedly acquired additional knowledge as a direct benefit from the project. Of all the variables associated with the research project, only the level of preparedness to undertake the project was highly statistically significant (P < .05) and this varied significantly amongst gender and age group (P < .05).ConclusionThe students demonstrated a good understanding of research project. The perceived level of preparedness to undertake the project was low but significantly higher in male and older age groups.
Pathophysiological dissociation of the interaction between time pressure and trait anxiety during spatial orientation judgments
Authors: Bednarczuk Nadja F. , Bradshaw Jacob M. , Mian Shan Y. , Papoutselou Efstratia , Mahmoud Sami , Ahn keunhwi , Chudenkov Ilya , Fuentealba Constanza , Hussain Shahvaiz , Castro Patricia , Bronstein Adolfo M. , Kaski Diego , Arshad Qadeer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpatial orientation is achieved by integrating visual, vestibular and proprioceptive cues. Individuals that rely strongly upon visual cues to facilitate spatial orientation are termed visually dependent. Heightened visual reliance commonly occurs in patients following vestibular dysfunction and can influence clinical outcome. Additionally, psychological factors, including anxiety, are associated with poorer clinical outcome following vestibular dysfunction. Given that visual dependency measures are affected by psychological and contextual influences, such as time pressure, we investigated the interaction between time pressure and anxiety upon visual dependency in healthy controls and vestibular migraine patients. Visual dependency was assessed using a “Rod and Disk” task at baseline and under time pressure (3 s to complete the task). Non‐situational (trait) and situational (state) anxiety levels were quantified using the Spielberg State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. We calculated the change in visual dependency (VD) [∆VD = VDtime pressure − VDbaseline] and correlated it with participants’ trait anxiety scores. We observed a significant negative correlation between trait anxiety and the change in VD (R2 = .393, p < .001) in healthy controls and a positive correlation in dizzy patients (R2 = .317, p < .001). That is, healthy individuals that were more anxious became less visually dependent under time pressure (i.e., more accurate), whereas less anxious individuals became more visually dependent. The reverse was observed in vestibular migraine patients. Our results illustrate that anxiety can differentially modulate task performance during spatial orientation judgements under time pressure in healthy individuals and dizzy patients. These findings have potential implications for individualised patient rehabilitation therapies.
Nitrogen concentration in the upper leaves of the canopy is a reliable indicator of plant N nutrition in both pure and mixed grassland swards
Authors: Louarn Gaëtan , Chabbi Abad , Gastal François 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEffective indicators of plant nitrogen (N) nutrition are needed to improve N management in grasslands. This is particularly the case for mixtures that rely on N fixation by legumes as a major N input, because no reference tool such as the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) exists under these conditions. The aims of this study were to test the reliability of a plant‐based index, the N concentration of upper leaves in the canopy (Nup), as a possible alternative for NNI in both pure and mixed grasslands. Data were gathered from four experiments covering a range of pure and mixed grasslands under different N fertilization levels. A cross‐validation of Nup predictions against NNI in pure stands, and against two NNI‐derived indices in mixtures, was performed. The Nup values appeared to be linearly related to NNI in pure stands of both grasses and legumes. The relationship was identical for the two groups of species and explained up to 86% of NNI variability. In mixtures, Nup also displayed a linear relationship with the two other tested indices, explaining 65% and 78% of variability. The conclusions of the three indices diverged with respect to strongly unbalanced mixtures, where the assumptions regarding the computation of NNI‐derived indices were not met. Excluding these situations, the overall relationship between Nup and NNI proved to be identical for mixtures and pure stands. The results suggest that Nup is a valid criterion for plant N nutrition which applies to a broad range of grassland species and to mixture conditions.
Does a leopard change its spots? Auditors and lawyers as valuation experts for minority shareholders in the judicial appraisal of private firms
Authors: Saastamoinen Jani , Savolainen Hanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAgency theory suggests that minority shareholders in private firms are vulnerable to shareholder oppression, which necessitates shareholder protection. This paper investigates a form of shareholder protection, the special representative of minority shareholders, which is used in Finland and Sweden. The special representative is a valuation expert, typically an auditor or a lawyer, who assists minority shareholders in shareholder dissent cases which require judicial appraisal of the minority interest in a firm. The different codes of conduct associated with these professions may manifest themselves in their performance as valuation experts. We examine a comprehensive data set of judicial valuation cases of Finnish private firms, in which the judge learns the valuation estimates of the controlling shareholder, the minority shareholder and the special representative and then issues a verdict on the fair price of the firm's shares. Our findings indicate that the special representative benefits minority shareholders by reducing the gap between the minority shareholders’ and the judge's valuation estimates. Our results also suggest that the special representative's professional background may affect how he or she values the company. We find that special representatives who are auditors propose more conservative valuation estimates than lawyers do.
Estimating patient‐reported outcomes for glaucoma management: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Uruthiramoorthy Lavanya , Hutnik Cindy M.L. , Speechley Kathy N. , Malvankar‐Mehta Monali S. , Lizotte Daniel J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo identify important explanatory variables of four patient‐reported outcomes (PROs): vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL), preference‐based health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), social support and community integration and depressive symptoms.MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted at one ophthalmic practice in a hospital setting. Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect (n = 250) were sequentially recruited. Patients with language restrictions were excluded. Data were collected through medical chart reviews and face‐to‐face interviews. The PROs were measured using validated tools. Candidate models for predicting PROs from explanatory variables were constructed using linear and logistic regression, as well as classification and regression trees. Through leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, the performance of each model was assessed in terms of mean absolute error.ResultsUse of mobility aids, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), income, and living arrangements were most predictive of VRQoL, social support, and community integration. Use of mobility aids was also most predictive of the presence of depressive symptoms, and BCVA with preference‐based HRQoL.ConclusionAlthough promising associations were discovered, the models based on commonly collected clinical variables had limited ability to accurately predict individual patient PROs. Thus, although this study identifies clinical and demographic variables that are most predictive of PROs, routine collection of PROs in clinical practice may be necessary to obtain a complete picture of the quality of life of glaucoma patients.