bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing and Synthesis of Flavonoids Derivatives and Screening of their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Ahuja Dharmendra , Jain Anurekha 
Published: April 2020

The flavonoids present in red wine were responsible this low cardiovascular mortality rate. Epidemiologic studies further suggest that dietary flavonoids are useful to control and protect the CHD. The flavonoids are yellow color substance (pigments) and the name given on the basis of Latin term Flavus which means yellow color. Flavonoids are derivatives of benzo-pyrone. Banzopyrone is a group of heterocyclic aromatic oxygen containing compounds. Finely powdered zinc chloride (8.25) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (18ml) by heating on sand bath then dry resorcinol (appx.5.5 gm) was added with continuous stirring to the mixture at 1400C. Antioxidant Screening by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Hydrogen peroxide solution (40 mini moles) was prepared with standard phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. Different concentration of the compound stock solution and 4ml distilled water was added to 0.6 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution. UV absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 230 nm after 10 min with a blank solution containing phosphate buffer without H2O2. Take 4 ml different concentration of sample solution and 1ml sodium nitroprusside solution, added and incubated for 2.5 hrs at 370C. After incubation baseline was taken with methanol and 1ml sodium nitroprusside solution as blank solution. Griess reagent and methanol was added immediately before recording of readings. The readings were recorded at 546nm wavelenth. In the series of synthesized and evaluated compounds of Flavanoid electron withdrawing group at position four shows good activity. 2,3-dihydroflavan-3-ol derivatives showed lower activity than that of 3- hydroxyflavone derivatives. The 4-oxo (keto double bond at position 4 of the C ring), especially in association with the J2-J3 double bond, increases scavenger activity by delocalizing electrons, 3-hydroxy group on the C ring generates an extremely active scavenger; the combination of J2-J3 double bond,3-hydroxy group and 4-oxo group appears to be the best combination for potent antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, free radicals
Chemical composition, antibacterial activity of essential oil and anatomical study of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: BOUKHEBTI Habiba , Demirtas I. , Omar L. , Chaker A.N. 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to identify the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The analysis and identification of essential oil which obtained by hydrodistilation method were realized by gaz chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was tested by using the agar diffusion test and the Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Kleibseilla pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Shigella sonnei were used to evaluate this activity. This analysis led to the identification of 26 compounds representing 88.40 % of the total essential oil mass. The major compound was Verbenone (17.33 %). Other components present in appreciable contents were: Chrysanthenone (9.71%). 4-epi-cubedol (07.25%) and δ-Cadinol (05.29 %). Essential oil of Chrysanthemum morifolium exhibited an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria, like those observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (35±1.2mm) and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 (21±0.87mm), however Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Kleibseilla pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were resistant. The anatomical study showed the presence of several types of trichomes including the glands secreted for essential oils and protector trichomes.
Keywords: essential oil, antibacterial activity, Chrysanthemum morifolium, anatomical study, chemical composition
Design of Some Benzimidazoles as Target for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Mishra Shweta , Dahima Rashmi , Sharma Rajesh 
Published: April 2020

Diabetes mellitus is rising globally touching more than 180 million people worldwide. This is prevailing mostly in type 2 diabetes and according to WHO report the incidence is likely to be more than doubled by 2030. α-Glucosidase inhibitors work by reducing the amount of glucose that the intestines absorb from food. In this work, forty-five benzimidazole analogues were studied using 3D QSAR, HQSAR, pharmacophore mapping and based on their results 60 compounds were designed. The results show that the best Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) model has q2 = 0.742 and r2 = 0.973, and the best Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) model has q2 = 0.679 and r2 = 0.918. For HQSAR the best model has q2 = 0.773 and r2 = 0.964. The r2 value for boostrap for CoMFA and CoMSIA are 0.98 and 0.97 respectively. Pharmacophore mapping revealed varied bioactive regions of ligand. Thus, these compounds could be used as lead for designing the synthesis of potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
Keywords: Acarbose, Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, Benzimidazoles, Molecular modelling, Post-prandial hyperglycemia
Relation between Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in Cord Blood and Prematurity in the Sidi Bel Abbes Region (West of Algeria)
Authors: Bouhadiba Hadjer , Demmouche Abbassia 
Published: April 2020

Background: Exposure to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury during pregnancy carries a great risk to the mother as well as the fetus. Methods: Lead, cadmium and mercury were measured in umbilical cord blood samples of 3 groups women (30 women’s for lead, 30 cadmium and 10 from mercury) in maternity of Sidi Bel Abbes region in Algeria between 2016 and 2017.The objective of this study was to measure in the blood of the umbilical cord the concentration of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd), and to evaluate the relationship between these levels and prematurity. The lead, cadmium and mercury levels were measured by atomic absorption. Results: The study showed obvious variations in, maternal characteristics. The results revealed several factors predisposing to prematurity. The mean concentrations of cord blood lead, cadmium and mercury were; 18.97 µg/L, 0.26 µg/L, and6.20 nmol/L, respectively. There was a highly significant direct correlation between cord lead concentrations and gestational age(r=0.43; P = 0.017), and we found that gestational age and birth weight inversely correlated with cord mercury concentration (r=0.44 and r=0.57 respectively).No correlation was observed between cord cadmium concentrations and gestational age. Conclusion: This study has shown that pregnant women in this region were exposed to high levels for heavy metalswhich need an intervention.
Keywords: Lead. Cadmium, Mercury, Pregnancy, Prematurity, Fetal exposure, Algeria.
Screening of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Leaves Extract of Litsea glutinosa
Authors: Sharma Brijesh K. , Loksh Kavita R. , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: April 2020

Litsea glutinosa (Lour) leaves are deliberated as worthy traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, to evaluate the total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of various extract of Litsea glutinosa (Lour). The phytochemical analysis of each solvent extract was also carried out. Total flavonoid content was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenger methods. Phytochemical screening of various extract revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Diterpenes, Proteins, Carbohydrate and Saponins. The total flavonoid content was found 1.89, 5.01 and 3.16 mg/100mg of dry weight of pet ether, ethanol and aqueous extract respectively, expressed as Quercetin equivalents. Antioxidant activity was performed using three methods DPPH, Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay and Hydrogen Peroxide scavenging activity. Our current results emerged that Litsea glutinosa (Lour) act as an antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging. So, the plant may be further pursued to find out for its pharmacological active natural products.
Keywords: Litsea glutinosa (Lour), Qualitative, Quantitative phytochemical, Antioxidant activity.
A study to assess the effectiveness of a self-instructional module on prevention and control of nosocomial infection in terms of knowledge and practice among staff nurses working in surgical unit of the Civil hospital, Ahmadabad
Authors: Mansuri Mustufa U. , Mansuri Farzana 
Published: April 2020

Background: Nosocomial infection is also called as 'Hospital Acquired- Infection’. It can be defined as an infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff. The nosocomial infection rate is alarming and is estimated at about 30-35 percent of all hospital admissions. Many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. Nosocomial infections are important contributors for morbidity and mortality. They became more important public health problem with increasing economic and human impact.
Aims and objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of the staff nurses working in surgical unit of civil hospital Ahmedabad before and after the administration of self-instruction module on prevention of control of nosocomial infection (HAIs). To find co-relation between pre-test knowledge and post-test knowledge.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted using the quasi experimental research approach and research design used was one group pre and post test.30 staff nurses working in surgical unit of civil hospital Ahmedabad are selected by convenient sampling method. Collection tool used on staff nurse was structured knowledge questionnaire and observational checklist
Results: findings revealed that majority of sample (46.66%) were in the age between 21 to 30 years. According to qualification highest percentages (43.33%) belong to G.N.M. Majority had experience between 5 to 7 years (30%). Study findings revealed that the knowledge score of the sample show marked increase as seen in the post-test score of the experimental group indicates that the self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge and practice of the samples.
Key words: Nosocomial infection, Prevention, control, staff nurse
A study on certain properties of generalized special functions defined by Fox-Wright function
Authors: Ata Enes , Kıymaz İ. Onur 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, motivated by the frequent use of Fox-Wright function in the theory of special functions, we first introduced new generalizations of gamma and beta functions with the help of Fox-Wright function. Then by using these functions, we defined generalized Gauss hypergeometric function and generalized confluent hypergeometric function. For all the generalized functions we have defined, we obtained their integral representations, summation formulas, transformation formulas, derivative formulas and difference formulas. Also, we calculated the Mellin transformations of these functions.
The Solvability of First Type Boundary Value Problem for a Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Aksoy Nigar Yildirim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an first type boundary value problem for a Schrödinger equation. The aim of paper is to give the existence and uniqueness theorems of the boundary value problem using Galerkin’s method. Also, a priori estimate for its solution is given.
Solution of the Maximum of Difference Equation
xn+1=max{Axn−1,ynxn};yn+1=max{Ayn−1,xnyn}\matrix{ {x_{n + 1} = max \left\{ {{A \over {x_{n - 1} }},{{y_n } \over {x_n }}} \right\};} & {y_{n + 1} = max \left\{ {{A \over {y_{n - 1} }},{{x_n } \over {y_n }}} \right\}}}
Authors: Simsek Dagistan , Ogul Burak , Abdullayev Fahreddin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the recent years, there has been a lot of interest in studying the global behavior of, the socalled, max-type difference equations; see, for example, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. The study of max type difference equations has also attracted some attention recently. We study the behaviour of the solutions of the following system of difference equation with the max operator: paper deals with the behaviour of the solutions of the max type system of difference equations,

(1)

x

n
+
1

=
max

{

A

x

n
−
1

,

y
n

x
n

}

;

y

n
+
1

=
max

{

A

y

n
−
1

,

x
n

y
n

}
,

\matrix{ {x_{n + 1} = max \left\{ {{A \over {x_{n - 1} }},{{y_n } \over {x_n }}} \right\};} & {y_{n + 1} = max \left\{ {{A \over {y_{n - 1} }},{{x_n } \over {y_n }}} \right\},}}

where the parametr A and initial conditions x
−1,x
0, y
−1,y
0 are positive reel numbers.
ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN JALUR EVAKUASI BENCANA TSUNAMI DI KECAMATAN KUTA ALAM KOTA BANDA ACEH (STUDI KASUS LAMPULO, KAMPUNG MULIA, LAMDINGIN )
Authors: Sahwilliza Sahwilliza , Isya Muhammad , Fatimah Eldina 
Published: April 2020

Kecamatan Kuta Alam mempunyai luas wilayah 10,05 Km2 dengan tinggi rata-rata 0,80 meter diatas permukaan laut. Lokasi bukit yang cukup jauh dari pinggir pantai (±10 Km), dengan jumlah penduduk 42.217 jiwa dan kepadatan penduduk 4200.70 jiwa/km², hal ini menimbulkan masalah yang serius bila mana bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami melanda, yaitu pada saat warga berusaha menyelamatkan diri ke bukit atau dataran tinggi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi jalan Gampong Lampulo, Gampong Mulia dan Lamdingin, yang digunakan sebagai jalur evakuasi, mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap efektivitas jalur evakuasi yang tersedia, dan analisis tingkat efektivitas penggunaan jalan desa sebagai jalur evakuasi pada saat terjadi bencana. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran secara langsung di lokasi penelitian, membagikan quesioner untuk mengetahui persepsi responden. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebar dan kondisi jalan Gampong Lampulo, Gampong Mulia dan Lamdingin yang diteliti memenuhi kriteria sebagai jalur evakuasi sebagaimana diisyaratkan oleh SDC (Sea Defense Consultant) dan penelitian ITS ( Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November ). Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disarankan antara lain perlu diadakan sosialisasi mengenai pentingnya melakukan evakuasi pada saat terjadi gempa bumi dan pengenalan kepada masyarakat mengenai jalan gampong yang efektif untuk digunakan sebagai jalur evakuasi.
KAJIAN KEANDALAN UTILITAS BANGUNAN GEDUNG RUSUNAWA DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Idin Raja , Munir Abdul , Afifuddin Mochammad 
Published: April 2020

Pembangunan Rumah Susun Sewa (RUSUNAWA) kian meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk di kawasan perkotaan. Pemerintah menyediakan Rusunawa sebagai hunian layak bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah (MBR), terutama yang selama ini tinggal di kawasan yang dianggap kumuh. Hampir seluruh Rusunawa di Kota Banda Aceh yang mengalami permasalahan pada utilitas baik plumbing maupun pencahayaan/penerangan yang mengakibatkan kurangnya kenyamanan bagi penghuni Rusunawa. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana keandalan utilitas Rusunawa di Kota Banda Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat keandalan masing-masing gedung sekaligus mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan baik secara umum maupun khusus terhadap utilitas, instalasi plumbing dan instalasi penerangan /pencahayaan dalam penggunaan bangunan Rusunawa dan mengkaji kelayakan utilitas pada bangunan Rusunawa yang ada di Kota Banda Aceh. Metodologi penelitian ini awalnya dimulai dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder, observasi ditulis secara deskriptif mengenai aktivitas yang terjadi, juga direkam dengan kamera foto mengenai gambaran kondisi kerusakan Rusunawa di Kota Banda Aceh. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode random sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel dari anggota populasi dengan cara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata (tingkatan) dalam anggota populasi tersebut, artinya siapa saja yang secara tidak sengaja bertemu dengan peneliti dan sesuai dengan karakteristiknya maka orang tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai sampel (responden). Jumlah rusunawa 2 tower berada di UIN Ar raniry Banda Aceh dan Asrama Polisi Lamtemen Banda Aceh. Responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 responden serta menggunakan rumus slovin dengan tingkat kesalahan 5%. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan nilai variabel keandalan utilitas dan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu diketahuinya kerusakan yang diklasifikasi berdasarkan tingkat keandalan utilitas, meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang tingkat keandalan bangunan serta meminimalisir setiap kesalahan-kesalahan pada tahap perencanaan dan pembangunan Rusunawa yang ada di Kota Banda Aceh.
EVALUASI INLET DRAINASE JALAN POROS UTAMA KECAMATAN KUALA KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Fatimah Eldina , Azmeri Azmeri 
Published: April 2020

Nagan Raya District Government undertook the construction of roads, including the Poros Utama Road of Kuala Subdistrict. At the time of rain, in certain locations are still formed puddles above the surface of the asphalt. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and duration of draining flow through the inlet on the road. The data required are the type, distance and dimensions of the existing inlet and the location map, the maximum daily annual rainfall data, cross and longitudinal sectional drawing. Calculations start by calculating the design flow of rainfall data processing. Furthermore, the calculation of the gutter flow as well as the efficiency and the inlet draining time. Based on calculations, the efficiency of the existing inlet in the form of a curb opening inlet is in the range between 4,93% to 6,51% with 0,64-3,92 minutes of draining time. This value indicates that the inlet on the road produces very low efficiency. Inlet is expected to drain all the water or 100% efficiency. The inundation disturbs the movement of the vehicle and affects the pavement resistance. Therefore, the flow of water above the road surface is expected not to create a puddle.
TINJAUAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA JALUR PEDESTRIAN DI KAWASAN PEUNAYONG, BANDA ACEH
Authors: Handayani Sri , Irwansyah Mirza , Isya Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Pedestrian path is one of the important elements in urban areas that support mobility of pedestrian movement. Pedestrian accessibility is largely determined by pedestrian track conditions. Pedestrian paths must meet the physical criteria in terms of facilities and infrastructure. The existence of pedestrian path in Peunayong area which is one of the central business area, trade and service center and heritage area still not equipped with facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the provisions and requirements of the Ministry of Public Works plus the density of activity that occurred in this region caused a change function of the pedestrian itself. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the condition of pedestrian path facilities and infrastructure in Peunayong area is related to the terms, requirements and reviews of the library and accessibility for pedestrians including pedestrians with special needs or have physical limitations. The discussion is based on the results of observations on the condition of pedestrian path facilities and infrastructure in Peunayong area, comparing it with standard, rules and literature review. Data of observation result will be analyzed by qualitative descriptive method.
ANALISIS BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN, ABILITY TO PAY DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY UNTUK PENENTUAN TARIF BUS TRANS KOETARADJA KORIDOR III
Authors: Jalil Erlinawati , Anggraini Renni , Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: April 2020

The Government of Aceh through the Department of Transportation develop the transportation system, especially in the means of transportation one of them improve the urban transport system with the mass transit system that is Trans Koetaradja of 6 (six) corridors. Trans Koetaradja transportation is carefully planned so that it has the same direction and destination point and is bound to a predetermined schedule by using transportation cost concept which regulates fare setting so as to provide services for mutual interest, safe, fast, convenient and cheap. This research is conducted to determine the fare of Trans Koetaradja based on vehicle operational cost (VOC), Ability To Pay and Willingness To Pay from its passenger. Primary data were obtained from interviews and field surveys using state preference method in public and student respondents around Corridor III. Sampling was conducted in stratified random sampling to household (home interview survey) with total sample amounted to 110 samples. Data analysis was done by using 3 (three) method of DEPHUB method to calculate VOC, Household Budget Method to get Ability To Pay (ATP) value and perception method to get Willingness To Pay (WTP) value. The results of this study obtained the fare for corridor III based on VOC was Rp. 5,900.00, the general public ATP was Rp. 5,400.00 and student/college student was Rp. 5,200.00, public WTP was Rp. 3.000.00, and student/college student was Rp. 2,800.00
PERBANDINGAN NILAI PARAMETER MARSHALL ASPAL MODIFIKASI BUTON NATURAL ASPHALT CRUMB RUBBER TYPE 1 (BNA CR1) 10% DAN BNA CR1 20% TERHADAP ASPAL PEN.60/70
Authors: Zaki Muhammad , M. Saleh Sofyan , Afifuddin Mochammad 
Published: April 2020

here was an urgent need to accelerate the project duration in project MYC WIL.I-2C, however, inconsistent policy towards the predefined specification was taken by using 10% Buton Natural Asphalt Rubber (BNA-R), whereas the specification should be 20% BNA-R. The objective of this research is to compare the strength performance between BNA-R 1 10% and BNA-R 1 20%, compared to BNA-R1 0% (pen.60/70). The lab analysis was done in Jalan Raya Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The method that were used are Marshall method and durability at optimum asphalt content by using wet method. The results showed that stability value of BNA-R without substitutes was 1164 kg, BNA-R 10% was 1440 kg, and the highest was found in BNA-R 20% i.e. 1462 kg. Durability value without substitutes was 105.17%, whereas, durability of BNA CR 1 10% was 101.14% and BNA CR 1 20% was 100.81%. All Marshall parameters in BNA-R with and without substitutes, including stability, flow, MQ, density, VIM, VMA and VFA were still fulfill the specification set by the Directorate General of Highways (Bina Marga) rev 3 in 2014 and interim 3 rev 2 in 2015.