bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and dynamic behavior of micrometric agro Prunus amygdalus particulate distributed interpolymer layer‐kenaf composite
Authors: Sabarinathan P. , Rajkumar K. , Annamalai V. E. , Vishal K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNatural fibers and fillers are playing a predominant role in enlightening the damping and mechanical properties of polymer material. The hybrid kenaf polymer composite was prepared using compression molding technique with the micrometric sized Prunus amygdalus fillers of 0, 5, 10, and 15 vol%, evenly distributed in the vinyl ester polymer interlayers. This work deals with the effect of variation in P. amygdalus content and the effect of chemical treatments like silane and alkaline treatment on the dynamic characteristics of fabricated composites. The kenaf woven fabric and P. amygdalus fillers were chemically treated using tri vinyl ethoxy silane and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to modify their surface characteristics. The effect of chemical treatment on the kenaf fiber and P. amygdalus filler was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From experiments, it is observed that chemical treatment removes the strength reducing substances like lignin, hemicellulose and wax from the kenaf fiber and P. amygdalus filler surfaces. The addition of filler and chemical treatment increase the tensile strength to 56 MPa and flexural strength to 89 MPa. Silane‐treatedP. amygdalus filler with 10% composite, reveals higher storage modulus of 4.71 GPa than the alkaline and untreated composites in all tested frequencies. This may be due to enhanced tensile modulus and better interfacial bonding between P. amygdalus filler and vinyl ester matrix. Fractography was studied using micrographs of the scanning electron microscope. The result shows the predominance of brittle mode of failure in all types of fabricated composites. This kind of industrial agro waste hybrid composite can be considered as an effective damping material.
Structural, thermal, and linear optical properties of SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films
Authors: Soliman Tarek S. , Vshivkov Sergey A. , Elkalashy Shimaa I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were prepared for polymer optoelectronic applications, in which the SiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated through a sonication technique followed by a solution casting method. The structure of PVA/SiO2 films was evaluated using the experimental results attained by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. A thermal stability study of the nanocomposite films was performed. UV‐vis spectra were used to investigate the optical properties of PVA/SiO2 nanocomposite films. The XRD results confirmed the semicrystalline nature of the PVA. The SEM results ascertained the homogeneity of the SiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. From the study, a simultaneous increase of SiO2 nanoparticle content decreased the direct optical band gap and Urbach energy; however, the refractive index and extinction coefficient were increased. The acquired nanocomposite films could be utilized in polymer optoelectronic applications.
Envy and emotional intelligence: Evidence from a cross‐lagged analysis
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Li Qi , Dong Xia , Yuan Rong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe association between envy and emotional intelligence (EI) has been documented. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between envy and EI based on evolutionary theory and an emotional intelligence ability model in a cross‐lagged longitudinal design. Using the revised Chinese version of the Dispositional Envy Scale and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, a 1‐year follow‐up study was conducted on 260 Chinese university students (56 males and 204 females). Longitudinal analysis indicated that envy and EI tracked over time. Cross‐lagged analysis found that envy could significantly predict the generation and development of EI as well as its four dimensions (self‐emotional appraisal, emotional regulation, othersʼ emotional appraisal, and emotional use). Our findings provide better understanding of the link between envy and EI. These results are helpful for improving undergraduatesʼ social adaptation levels.
A quantitative bias analysis of the confounding effects due to smoking on the association between fluoroquinolones and risk of aortic aneurysm
Authors: Zhang Mingfeng , Falconer Monique , Taylor Lockwood 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeEpidemiologic studies consistently report an increased risk of aortic aneurysm (AA) among users of fluoroquinolones (FQ), but confounding by smoking could explain all or some of the observed risk. Therefore, to better elucidate the potential causal impact of FQ on AA, we quantitatively evaluated the potential confounding effect of smoking on this observed association.MethodsWe conducted a series of quantitative bias analyses using three previously published approaches: the E‐value approach, the rule‐out approach, and the array approach. We additionally conducted a numerical comparison between the rule‐out approach and the E‐value approach.ResultsFor an apparent relative risk of 2, the E‐value is 3.41, suggesting that smoking needs to be associated with both FQ and AA with a minimal magnitude of 3.41 to explain away the observed twofold FQ‐AA association. The array approach found that the prevalence of smoking among FQ users would need to be at least 2.9 times higher (43%) than the nonusers (15%), assuming smoking increases the risk of AA by 7.6‐fold. A numerical comparison demonstrated that the results from the rule‐out approach are similar to that of the E‐value approach when there is a lack of prior data on bias parameters.ConclusionsUsing three different approaches, we demonstrate that the strengths of association between smoking and both FQ and AA need to be unusually strong to fully account for the twofold increased risk between FQ and AA. Therefore, it is unlikely that smoking alone would explain away the association reported in the epidemiologic studies.
A Promising Fuel for Variable Thrust Motor: HTPB Propellant with High Pressure Exponent
Authors: Ma Song , Xu Huixiang , Shi Xiaobing , Li Yang , Li Yonghong , Zeng Liyuan , Fan Hongjie , Ran Xiulun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we developed a HTPB propellant containing energetic compound hydrated‐tetra‐(‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole) copper perchlorate (ACP) as the fuel for variable thrust motor with the purpose of controlling gas flow. Formulation of the propellant was designed and then various performances of this propellant were investigated. Results show that HTPB propellant containing 2 % ACP has a pressure exponent of 0.57 (static) or 0.56 (dynamic), suggesting an excellent capacity to control the burning rate. Thermal decomposition of ACP and the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) in high temperature are demonstrated to be sensitive to pressure by PDSC analysis, moreover, decomposition of AP in high temperature (around 400 °C) could be accelerated by ACP, φ 50 mm motors charged with this propellant work stably in the pressure range from 1.18 MPa to 21.72 MPa and less aluminum (Al) deposits in chambers and nozzles. Mechanical performance of the propellant in −40 °C and 20 °C turns out to be excellent with σm≥0.96 MPa and ϵb≥20.92 %, and is better than that in 50 °C. Low impact sensitivity (H50, 72 cm) and friction sensitivity (P, 31 %) of HTPB propellant containing 2 % ACP are found in the security tests, the propellant is also insensitive to shock wave (G50, 23.8 mm).
Efficient Gene Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer via a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)‐Loaded Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) Nanoplatform
Authors: Yu Zhiguo , Hu Ping , Xu Yingying , Bao Qunqun , Ni Dalong , Wei Chenyang , Shi Jianlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors with extremely poor prognosis due to the later stage diagnosis when surgical resection is no longer applicable. Alternatively, the traditional gene therapy which drives pancreatic cancer cells into an inactive state and inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis, presents potentials to safely inhibit pancreatic cancer progression, but unfortunately has received limited success to date. Here, an efficient gene therapy of pancreatic cancer is shown via a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)‐loaded layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoplatform. Compared with the traditional DNA‐ or RNA‐based gene therapies, the gene therapy using PNA features great advantages in recognizing and hybridizing with the target mutant sequences to form PNA–DNA hybrids with significantly enhanced stability due to the absence of electrostatic repulsion, and the constrained flexibility of the polyamide backbone. Moreover, ultrasmall LDHs are engineered to load PNA and the obtained PNA‐loaded LDH platform (LDHs/PNA) is capable of efficiently and selectively targeting the intranuclear mutant sequences thanks to the proton sponge effect. Treatments with LDHs/PNA demonstrate markedly inhibited growth of pancreatic cancer xenografts via a cancer cell proliferation suppression mechanism. The results demonstrate the great potentials of LDHs/PNA as a highly promising gene therapy agent for PDAC.
Mesoporous Silica Supported Silver–Bismuth Nanoparticles as Photothermal Agents for Skin Infection Synergistic Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Cao Changyu , Ge Wei , Yin Jiajia , Yang Dongliang , Wang Wenjun , Song Xuejiao , Hu Yanling , Yin Jie , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria has resulted in plenty of stubborn nosocomial infections and severely threatens human health. Developing novel bactericide and therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. Herein, mesoporous silica supported silver–bismuth nanoparticles (Ag‐Bi@SiO2 NPs) are constructed for synergistic antibacterial therapy. In vitro experiments indicate that the hyperthermia originating from Bi NPs can disrupt cell integrity and accelerate the Ag ions release, further exhibiting an excellent antibacterial performance toward methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Besides, under laser irradiation, Ag‐Bi@SiO2 NPs at 100 µg mL−1 can effectively obliterate mature MRSA biofilm and cause a 69.5% decrease in the biomass, showing a better therapeutic effect than Bi@SiO2 NPs with laser (26.8%) or Ag‐Bi@SiO2 NPs without laser treatment (30.8%) groups. More importantly, in vivo results confirm that ≈95.4% of bacteria in abscess are killed and the abscess ablation is accelerated using the Ag‐Bi@SiO2 NPs antibacterial platform. Therefore, Ag‐Bi@SiO2 NPs with photothermal‐enhanced antibacterial activity are a potential nano‐antibacterial agent for the treatment of skin infections.
Does publicly subsidized health insurance affect the birth rate?
Authors: Palmer Makayla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe affordable care act (ACA) greatly expanded subsidized health insurance opportunities for low‐income childless women through Medicaid and the Marketplace. This insurance provides better access to prescription‐based contraception, which could reduce the number of births. At the same time, it lowers childbirth costs for women who previously would not have qualified for Medicaid‐paid pregnancies. I examine how Medicaid and non‐Medicaid subsidized insurance (NMSI) eligibility have impacted insurance enrollment and the birth rate for childless women from 2011 through 2016 using the American Community Survey and birth information from the Vital Statistics. To estimate the causal effects of subsidized insurance, I use simulated eligibility to utilize variation in the timing and income eligibility thresholds for Medicaid, the Marketplace, and other pre‐ACA state subsidized insurance programs. My results indicate expanding Medicaid had no significant effect on the birth rate, but that a 10 percentage point increase in NMSI eligibility increased the birth rate between 1.60 and 2.30%, depending on the age group. These findings indicate that expanding Medicaid to childless adults did not produce cost savings from fewer Medicaid paid births, but improvements in the nongroup insurance market increased births.
Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using Box–Behnken experimental design: Mineralization and mechanism
Authors: Madjene Farid , Assassi Mirvet , Chokri Imene , Enteghar Tanina , Lebik Hafida 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using a four‐factor Box–Behnken experimental design, and the study was carried out under artificial irradiation (24‐W UV lamp) using ZnO in suspension. The Box–Behnken model has been validated with an error less than 5%. A total (100%) RhB removal and COD abatement rates were reached under optimal conditions of treatment time, ZnO dose, and stirring speed at different concentrations of dye. The study of the effect of irradiation type (solar and UV lamp) on the degradation of RhB showed that solar irradiation gave a better rate of degradation with complete discoloration after 2 hr. The study of RhB degradation mechanism indicates that

were the main active species for the degradation of this pollutant. The comparison between the degradation of RhB alone and RhB prepared with varnish (as it is usually used in industry) revealed that degradation of RhB alone is faster comparing than that of RhB/varnish mixture. The results showed that the biodegradability was improved after a contact time of 60 min with a BOD5/COD ratio increasing from 0.23 to 0.90.Practitioner points

Optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using a four‐factor Box–Behnken experimental design.

Investigation of dye mineralization.

The degradation mechanism of rhodamine.

Biodegradability assessment based on the BOD5/COD ratio.
The adjoint trigonometric representation of displacements and a closed‐form solution to the IKP of general 3C chains
Authors: Bongardt Bertold 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on the representation of rigid body displacements as adjoint matrices, the article introduces the adjoint trigonometric representation of displacements (ATRD) as a further generalization of the trigonometric representation of rotations. In comparison to the dual Rodrigues–Euler–Gauß–Gelman equation, recently reported for affine screw displacements with arbitrary, fixed pitches, the ATRD is built upon a product of a unit line and a dual angle, instead of upon a product of a unit screw and a real angle. Due to this conceptual difference, the ATRD requires four independent parameters of a unit line instead of five when parametrizing a displacement along a unit screw. As a consequence for computational kinematics, the ATRD permits transferring the analytic solution to the inverse kinematics problem (IKP) of 3‐DOF, general, spherical 3R‐chains into a closed‐form solution to the IKP of 6‐DOF, general, affine 3C‐chains.
A gradient theory of porous elastic solids
Authors: Ieşan D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a theory of elastic materials with voids where the second gradient of deformation and the second gradient of volume fraction field are added to the set of independent constitutive variables. First, we establish the nonlinear theory and study the continuous dependence of solutions upon initial state and body loads. Then, we derive the linear theory and establish a uniqueness theorem with no definiteness assumption on the constitutive coefficients. We present the equations for homogeneous and isotropic solids and establish a counterpart of the Boussinesq‐Somigliana‐Galerkin solution in the classical elastostatics. The effects of concentrated body loads acting in an infinite space are investigated.
Term cesarean breech delivery in the first pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity in the subsequent delivery: a national cohort study
Authors: Macharey Georg , Toijonen Anna , Hinnenberg Pia , Gissler Mika , Heinonen Seppo , Ziller Volker 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether there is an association between term cesarean breech delivery in the first pregnancy and maternal and neonatal morbidities in the subsequent pregnancy and delivery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, nationwide Finnish population-based cohort study, including all deliveries from January 2000 to December 2017. We included all women with the first two consecutive singleton deliveries of which the first one was a breech delivery regardless of mode of delivery (n = 11,953), and constructed a data set in which the first two deliveries for these women were connected. The outcomes of the second delivery of the women with a first pregnancy that resulted in cesarean breech delivery at term were compared with women whose first pregnancy resulted in a vaginal breech delivery at term. P-value, odds ratio, and adjusted odds ratio were calculated.

Results
Neonates of a subsequent delivery after cesarean breech delivery had an increased risk for arterial umbilical cord pH below seven, a higher rate of a 5 min APGAR score < 7 and a higher rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission. The women with a history of cesarean section with the fetus in breech presentation were more often in need of a blood transfusion and suffered more often a uterus rupture. In this group, the second delivery was more often a planned cesarean section, an emergency cesarean section, or an instrumental vaginal delivery.

Conclusions
Primary cesarean breech section in the first pregnancy is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes in the subsequent delivery.
Minding the gap in HIV host genetics: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Gingras Shanelle N. , Tang David , Tuff Jeffrey , McLaren Paul J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying and confirming novel genetic variants that are associated with diverse HIV phenotypes. However, these studies have predominantly focused on European cohorts. HLA molecules have been consistently associated with HIV outcomes, some of which have been found to be population specific, underscoring the need for diversity in GWAS. Recently, there has been a concerted effort to address this gap that leads to health care (disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment) disparities with marginal improvement. As precision medicine becomes more utilized, non-European individuals will be more and more disadvantaged, as the genetic variants identified in genomic research based on European populations may not accurately reflect that of non-European individuals. Leveraging pre-existing, large, multiethnic cohorts, such as the UK Biobank, 23andMe, and the National Institute of Health’s All of Us Research Program, can contribute in raising genomic research in non-European populations and ultimately lead to better health outcomes.
A novel approach to intra-individual performance variability in ADHD
Authors: Bluschke Annet , Zink Nicolas , Mückschel Moritz , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with attention deficit/(hyperactivity) disorder (AD(H)D) show increased intra-individual variability (IIV) in behavioral performance. This likely reflects dopaminergic deficiencies. However, the precise performance profile across time and the pattern of fluctuations within it have not yet been considered, partly due to insufficient methods. Yet, such an analysis may yield important theory-based implications for clinical practice. Thus, in a case–control cross-sectional study, we introduce a new method to investigate performance fluctuations in patients with ADD (n = 76) and ADHD (n = 67) compared to healthy controls (n = 45) in a time estimation task. In addition, we also evaluate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on this performance pattern in 29 patients with AD(H)D. Trial-by-trial differences in performance between healthy controls and patients with AD(H)D do not persist continuously over longer time periods. Periods during which no differences in performance between healthy controls and patients occur alternate with periods in which such differences are present. AD(H)D subtype and surprisingly also medication status does not affect this pattern. The presented findings likely reflect (phasic) deficiencies of the dopaminergic system in patients with AD(H)D which are not sufficiently ameliorated by first-line pharmacological treatment. The presented findings carry important clinical and scientific implications.
Topological Properties of the Set of Functions Generated by Neural Networks of Fixed Size
Authors: Petersen Philipp , Raslan Mones , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze the topological properties of the set of functions that can be implemented by neural networks of a fixed size. Surprisingly, this set has many undesirable properties. It is highly non-convex, except possibly for a few exotic activation functions. Moreover, the set is not closed with respect to$$L^p$$Lp-norms,$$0< p < \infty $$0<p<∞, for all practically used activation functions, and also not closed with respect to the$$L^\infty $$L∞-norm for all practically used activation functions except for the ReLU and the parametric ReLU. Finally, the function that maps a family of weights to the function computed by the associated network is not inverse stable for every practically used activation function. In other words, if$$f_1, f_2$$f1,f2are two functions realized by neural networks and if$$f_1, f_2$$f1,f2are close in the sense that$$\Vert f_1 - f_2\Vert _{L^\infty } \le \varepsilon $$‖f1-f2‖L∞≤εfor$$\varepsilon > 0$$ε>0, it is, regardless of the size of$$\varepsilon $$ε, usually not possible to find weights$$w_1, w_2$$w1,w2close together such that each$$f_i$$fiis realized by a neural network with weights$$w_i$$wi. Overall, our findings identify potential causes for issues in the training procedure of deep learning such as no guaranteed convergence, explosion of parameters, and slow convergence.
Time-Warping Invariants of Multidimensional Time Series
Authors: Diehl Joscha , Ebrahimi-Fard Kurusch , Tapia Nikolas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn data science, one is often confronted with a time series representing measurements of some quantity of interest. Usually, in a first step, features of the time series need to be extracted. These are numerical quantities that aim to succinctly describe the data and to dampen the influence of noise.In some applications, these features are also required to satisfy some invariance properties. In this paper, we concentrate on time-warping invariants. We show that these correspond to a certain family of iterated sums of the increments of the time series, known as quasisymmetric functions in the mathematics literature. We present these invariant features in an algebraic framework, and we develop some of their basic properties.