bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19: learning from variation in practice and policy identified through a global cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hussain Zaamin B. , Shoman Haitham , Yau Peter W. P , Thevendran Gowreeson , Randelli Filippo , Zhang Mingzhu , Kocher Mininder S. , Norrish Alan , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: October 2020

Aims The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented burden on global healthcare systems, and existing infrastructures must adapt and evolve to meet the challenge. With health systems reliant on the health of their workforce, the importance of protection against disease transmission in healthcare workers (HCWs) is clear. This study collated responses from several countries, provided by clinicians familiar with practice in each location, to identify areas of best practice and policy so as to build consensus of those measures that might reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to HCWs at work. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was designed with ten open and closed questions and sent to a representative sample. The sample was selected on a convenience basis of 27 senior surgeons, members of an international surgical society, who were all frontline workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Results Responses were received by all 27 surgeons from 22 countries across six continents. A number of the study respondents reported COVID-19-related infection and mortality in HCWs in their countries. Differing areas of practice and policy were identified and organized into themes including the specification of units receiving COVID-19 patients, availability and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), other measures to reduce staff exposure, and communicating with and supporting HCWs. Areas more specific to surgery also identified some variation in practice and policy in relation to visitors to the hospital, the outpatient department, and in the operating room for both non-urgent and emergency care. Conclusion COVID-19 presents a disproportionate risk to HCWs, potentially resulting in a diminished health system capacity, and consequently an impairment to population health. Implementation of these recommendations at an international level could provide a framework to reduce this burden.
Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 crisis: a snapshot and recommendations from the frontline of a university teaching hospital
Authors: Key Thomas , Mathai Naveen J. , Venkatesan Aakaash Sethuraman , Farnell Damian , Mohanty Khitish 
Published: October 2020

AimsThe adequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers has come under considerable scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate staff awareness of PPE guidance, perceptions of PPE measures, and concerns regarding PPE use while caring for COVID-19 patients. In addition, responses of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals (OHCPs) were compared.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were all staff working in clinical areas of the hospital. Staff were invited to take part using a link to an online questionnaire advertised by email, posters displayed in clinical areas, and social media. Questions grouped into the three key themes - staff awareness, perceptions, and concerns - were answered using a five-point Likert scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare results across all three groups of staff.ResultsOverall, 315 staff took part in our study. There was a high awareness of PPE guidance at 84.4%, but only 52.4% of staff reported adequate PPE provision. 67.9% were still keen to come to work, despite very high levels of anxiety relating to contracting COVID-19 despite wearing PPE. Doctors had significantly higher ratings for questions relating to PPE awareness compared to other staff groups, while nursing staff and OHCPs had significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to doctors in relation to PPE and contracting COVID-19 (p < 0.05 using a Kruskal-Wallis test).ConclusionWe believe four recommendations are key to improve PPE measures and decrease anxiety: 1) nominated ward/department PPE champions; 2) anonymized reporting for PPE concerns; 3) formal PPE education sessions; and 4) drop-in counselling sessions for staff. We hope the insight and recommendations from this study can improve the PPE situation and maintain the health and wellbeing of the clinical work force, in order to care for COVID-19 patients safely and effectively.
Comparison of medical comorbidities in Medicare patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons throughout the USA
Authors: Beschloss Alexander , Mueller John , Caldwell Jon-Michael E , Ha Alex , Lombardi Joseph M , Ozturk Ali , Lehman Ronald , Saifi Comron 
Published: October 2020

Aims Medical comorbidities are a critical factor in the decision-making process for operative management and risk-stratification. The Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) risk adjustment model is a powerful measure of illness severity for patients treated by surgeons. The HCC is utilized by Medicare to predict medical expenditure risk and to reimburse physicians accordingly. HCC weighs comorbidities differently to calculate risk. This study determines the prevalence of medical comorbidities and the average HCC score in Medicare patients being evaluated by neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeon, as well as a subset of academic spine surgeons within both specialities, in the USA. Methods The Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Database, which is based on data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ National Claims History Standard Analytic Files, was analyzed for this study. Every surgeon who submitted a valid Medicare Part B non-institutional claim during the 2013 calendar year was included in this study. This database was queried for medical comorbidities and HCC scores of each patient who had, at minimum, a single office visit with a surgeon. This data included 21,204 orthopaedic surgeons and 4,372 neurosurgeons across 54 states/territories in the USA. Results Orthopaedic surgeons evaluated patients with a mean HCC of 1.21, while neurosurgeons evaluated patients with a mean HCC of 1.34 (p < 0.05). The rates of specific comorbidities in patients seen by orthopaedic surgeons/neurosurgeons is as follows: Ischemic heart disease (35%/39%), diabetes (31%/33%), depression (23%/31%), chronic kidney disease (19%/23%), and heart failure (17%/19%). Conclusion Nationally, comorbidity rate and HCC value for these Medicare patients are higher than national averages for the US population, with ischemic heart disease being six-times higher, diabetes two-times higher, depression three- to four-times higher, chronic kidney disease three-times higher, and heart failure nine-times higher among patients evaluated by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:257–260.
Fractured neck of femur: a review of three seminal papers and their implications to clinical management
Authors: Lewis Peter M. , Waddell James P. 
Published: October 2020

It is unusual, if not unique, for three major research papers concerned with the management of the fractured neck of femur (FNOF) to be published in a short period of time, each describing large prospective randomized clinical trials. These studies were conducted in up to 17 countries worldwide, involving up to 80 surgical centers and include large numbers of patients (up to 2,900) with FNOF. Each article investigated common clinical dilemmas; the first paper comparing total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for FNOF, the second as to whether ‘fast track’ care offers improved clinical outcomes and the third, compares sliding hip with multiple cancellous hip screws. Each paper has been deemed of sufficient quality and importance to warrant publication in The Lancet or the New England Journal of Medicine. Although ‘premier’ journals, they only occationally contain orthopaedic studies and thus may not be routinely read by the busy orthopaedic/surgical clinician of any grade. It is therefore our intention with this present article to accurately summarize and combine the results of all three papers, presenting, in our opinion, the most important clinically relevant facts. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:198–202.
Orthopaedic surgery in a time of COVID-19
Authors: Lazizi Mohamed , Marusza Christopher J. , Sexton Shaun A. , Middleton Rory G. 
Published: October 2020

Aims Elective surgery has been severely curtailed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is little evidence to guide surgeons in assessing what processes should be put in place to restart elective surgery safely in a time of endemic COVID-19 in the community. Methods We used data from a stand-alone hospital admitting and operating on 91 trauma patients. All patients were screened on admission and 100% of patients have been followed-up after discharge to assess outcome. Results Overall, 87 (96%) patients remained symptom-free and recovered well following surgery. Four (4%) patients developed symptoms of COVID-19, with polymerase chain reaction ribonucleiuc acid (PCR-RNA) testing confirming infection. Conclusion Based on our findings, we propose that if careful cohorting and screening is carried out in a stand-alone cold operating site, it is reasonable to resume elective operating, in a time of endemic but low community prevalence of SAR-Cov2. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:229–235.
Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with mismatched-basis statistics
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Liu Hongwei , Wang Jipeng , Yang Shunyu , Dou Tianqi , Qu Wenxiu , Zhou Fen , Huang Yuqing , Sun Zhongqi , Han Yanxin , Miao Guoxing , Ma Haiqiang 
Published: October 2020

The source flaw associated with the basis vector in the reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) has not been systematically studied. As a result, it is often assumed that bit error is equal to phase error, which is not theoretically rigorous. Here, we propose a postprocessing method to estimate the phase error rate from the discarded mismatched-basis statistics, where the qubit source does not need to be characterized in detail. The source flaw in the basis vector of the RFI-MDI-QKD protocol can thus be corrected using this method. The numerical simulation results clearly demonstrate that the RFI-MDI-QKD protocol with uncharacterized sources is also insensitive to the misalignment of the reference frame.
DAMPAK BISNIS ONLINE TERHADAP SOSIAL-EKONOMI DAN KARAKTERISTIK RUANG DALAM RUMAH TINGGAL DI CIBADUYUT, KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Widya Amelia T. , Bachtiar Jasmine C. U.. , Rahmadyan Helfa , Rahardiyan Aristyo , B. P Theodorus Ananda , Abadi Agustinus A. 
Published: October 2020

Revolusi industri 4.0 yang diinisiasi oleh perkembangan teknologi informasi digital mendorong perkembangan dalam segala bidang termasuk industri komersial. Penerapan teknologi ini berimplikasi pada perubahan pola kegiatan jual-beli secara ‘online’ tanpa adanya batasan jarak, waktu, dan tempat. Peluang kegiatan jual-beli ‘online’ tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian orang di rumah. Perubahan kegiatan ini telah berimplikasi pada perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan karakteristik fisik ruang dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan karakteristik fisik ruang dalam rumah tinggal akibat kegiatan bisnis ‘online’. Penelitian dilakukan di Sentra Kerajinan Sepatu Cibaduyut, Kota Bandung pada tiga orang responden yang memiliki bisnis usaha kerajinan sepatu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pengambilan data yang dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan fisik yang meliputi transformasi fungsi ruang, ‘layout’ ruang, dan ‘layout’ perabot di ruang dalam rumah akibat bisnis ‘online’. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh arsitek atau pengembang perumahan untuk mempertimbangkan pola perilaku dan kebutuhan para pelaku industri dalam rumah tinggal di era industri 4.0.
Emergence of New Tourist Destinations in the Mediterranean Hinterlands – The Case of the Chefchaouen Region (Morocco)
Authors: Berriane Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Morocco, public policies continue to favor the seaside model, while the reality of both demand and offer shows that tourist destinations in the hinterlands are increasingly emerging. The purpose of this article is to focus on the process of emergence of new tourist destinations in rural Morocco. It tries to analyze the quite particular conditions of the triggering of a demand and an offer in rural tourism, by assuming that whatever the potential, the emergence or otherwise of a destination depends mainly on the convergence of three actors. It is the tourist who invents the destination through his expectations and his Vision, local actors who many accept or reject this request and public policies that may or may not accompany local initiatives that seek to meet this demand.
Thus, after having recalled the conditions for the development of rural tourism in Morocco, the article focuses on the process of emergence of a destination of rural tourism through the case of the region of Chefchaouen, small town in the Western Rif, by analyzing the arrival of demand, the mobilization of international cooperation, the initiatives of the local associative movement and the hesitations of public policies.
The crystal structure of ZrCr2D≈4 at 50 K ≤ T ≤ 200 K
Authors: Kohlmann Holger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many Laves phases take up considerable amounts of hydrogen to form metallic Laves phase hydrides. They frequently undergo phase transitions driven by ordering phenomena for the hydrogen atom distribution. The cubic Laves phase ZrCr2 takes up hydrogen to form a hydride with almost four hydrogen atoms per formula unit, which undergoes a phase transition to a monoclinic modification at a critical temperature T
c = 250.2 K. Its crystal structure was refined based on neutron powder diffraction data on the deuteride (ZrCr2D3.8 type [T = 1.6 K, C2/c]) at four temperatures in the range 50 K ≤ T ≤ 200 K. The monoclinic low-temperature modification features a strongly distorted square anti-prism ZrD8 and three CrD4 polyhedra with almost fully occupied deuterium sites in saddle-like, distorted tetrahedral and planar configurations. Zr–D distances are in the range 201.4(7) pm ≤ d(Zr–D) ≤ 208.5(8) pm and Cr–D distances in the range 172.9(7) pm ≤ d(Cr–D) ≤ 182.4(8) pm.
SEED GERMINATION AND MICROPROPAGATION STUDIES OF MAMMEA SURIGA KOSTERM
Authors: Shastri Sudhesh , Venkatarangaiah Krishna , Sheshagiri Ajith 
Published: October 2020

Mammea suriga Kosterm. is a RET species distributed in Malnad region of the Western Ghats, which is over exploited for flowers, seeds and timbers, hence the population is declined. The study was conducted to evaluate the germination potency of the seeds in both in vivo and in vitro conditions to derive a regeneration protocol for the ex situ conservation. Among the pre-treated seeds, the decoated seeds pre-treated with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA for 24 h resulted in 86 % of germination. In in vitro condition, culture of decoated seeds on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 TDZ resulted 91.67 % of germination. Micropropagation studies showed that the interaction of 2-3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg L-1 TDZ induced multiple shoots from cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants. Mass of callus induced from the leaf explants at the concentration of 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 3 mg L-1 BAP. Later on the photosynthetic callus, organise in to shoot buds at the concentration of 3 mg L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg L-1 TDZ. The excised micro shoots showed rhizogenesis on the media fortified with 1.5 mg L-1 IBA. The regenerants derived from both direct and indirect organogenesis exhibited similar morphological features.
Motivational Interviewing for Overweight Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suire Kameron B. , Kavookjian Jan , Wadsworth Danielle D. 
Published: October 2020

CONTEXT:Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication method to help facilitate adherence to health behaviors through a series of person-centered strategies. MI’s evidence base supports its use as a potential intervention strategy at the parental decision-maker level to impact young children’s lifestyle behaviors to address childhood obesity; however, clarity is needed on the literature.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature examining the use of MI at the parental level to impact young children’s weight status.DATA SOURCES:A modified Cochrane method of systematic search and review was conducted in several databases (eg, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and SPORTDiscus).STUDY SELECTION:Criteria for retention included randomized controlled trials and studies using varied settings, methods, interventionists, target behaviors, and outcomes.DATA EXTRACTION:Extraction domains included study characteristics and risk of bias.RESULTS:Of the 352 references initially identified, 7 studies were included in the review. In most studies, authors reported significant anthropometric changes as well as significant changes in nonanthropometric outcomes related to weight management compared to usual care.LIMITATIONS:The heterogeneity of the included studies and lack of comparison with attention control groups may cloud generalizations. Studies not written in English were excluded, possibly biasing the results.CONCLUSIONS:MI, compared to usual care, revealed positive effects for parent influence on young child anthropometric measures when applied. Future research should be focused on sample diversity, using attention control groups, using exercise physiologists for MI delivery, and reporting sex-specific results.
COVID-19 Transmission in US Child Care Programs
Authors: Gilliam Walter S. , Malik Amyn A. , Shafiq Mehr , Klotz Madeline , Reyes Chin , Humphries John Eric , Murray Thomas , Elharake Jad A. , Wilkinson David , Omer Saad B. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Central to the debate over school and child care reopening is whether children are efficient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmitters and are likely to increase community spread when programs reopen. We compared COVID-19 outcomes in child care providers who continued to provide direct in-person child care during the first 3 months of the US COVID-19 pandemic with outcomes in those who did not.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from US child care providers (N = 57 335) reporting whether they had ever tested positive or been hospitalized for COVID-19 (n = 427 cases) along with their degree of exposure to child care. Background transmission rates were controlled statistically, and other demographic, programmatic, and community variables were explored as potential confounders. Logistic regression analysis was used in both unmatched and propensity score–matched case-control analyses.

RESULTS:
No association was found between exposure to child care and COVID-19 in both unmatched (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–1.38) and matched (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73–1.21) analyses. In matched analysis, being a home-based provider (as opposed to a center-based provider) was associated with COVID-19 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14–2.23) but revealed no interaction with exposure.

CONCLUSIONS:
Within the context of considerable infection mitigation efforts in US child care programs, exposure to child care during the early months of the US pandemic was not associated with an elevated risk for COVID-19 transmission to providers. These findings must be interpreted only within the context of background transmission rates and the considerable infection mitigation efforts implemented in child care programs.
Microsurgical resection of giant T11/T12 conus cauda equine schwannoma
Authors: Arnautovic Alisa , Pojskic Mirza , Arnautovic Kenan 
Published: October 2020

In this video, we highlight the anatomy involved with microsurgical resection of a giant T11/T12 conus cauda equine schwannoma. Spinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor. Tumors undergoing gross total resection usually do not recur. To our knowledge, this is the first video case report of giant cauda equina schwannoma resection. A 55-year-old female presented with paraparesis and urinary retention. Lumbar spine MRI revealed contrast-enhancing intradural extramedullary tumor at the T11/T12 level. Surgery was performed in a prone position with intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring (somatosensory and motor evoked potentials - SSEP and MEP). T11/T12 laminectomies were performed. After opening the dura and arachnoid, the tumor was found covered with cauda equina nerve roots. We delineated the inferior pole of the tumor, followed by opening of the capsule and debulking the tumor. Subsequently, the cranial pole was dissected from the corresponding cauda equina nerve roots. Finally, the tumor nerve origin was identified and divided after nerve stimulation confirmed the tumor arose from a sensory nerve root. The tumor was removed; histological analysis revealed a schwannoma (WHO Grade I). Postoperative MRI revealed complete resection. The patient fully recovered her neurological function. This case highlights the importance of careful microsurgical technique and gross total resection of the tumor in the view of favorable postoperative neurological recovery of the patient. Intraoperative use of ultrasound is helpful to delineate preoperatively tumor extension and confirm postoperative tumor resection.
YETİŞKİN DİSTAL HUMERUS EKLEM İÇİ UZANIMLI KIRIKLARDA PARATRİSİPİTAL YAKLAŞIMLA ÇİFT PLAK UYGULANAN HASTALARIN KLİNİK SONUÇLARI
Authors: DİNÇER Recep , PINAR Hasan , ATAY Tolga , BAYKAL Yakup 
Published: October 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı distal humerus AO/OTA tip C1 ve C2 kırıklarında triceps koruyucu paratrisipital yaklaşımla opere edilen hastaların klinik, radyolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.
Materyal ve Metod: Kliniğimizde 2013-2018 yılları arası AO/OTA tip C1 ve C2 intraartiküler distal humerus kırığı olup triceps koruyucu paratrisipital yaklaşım kullanılarak 2 faklı planda çift plak uygulanarak ameliyat edilen ve takip süresi en az 12 ay olan 21 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların son kontrollerinde eklem hareket aralığı ölçümü (EHA) ve fonksiyonel değerlendirme Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) ile yapıldı ve dirsek hareketleri kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Olguların 13’ü (%61,9) erkek, 8’i (%38,1) kadın olup ortalama yaş 43,2 yıl idi. 12 hastada 90° açılarla çift plak uygulaması yapılırken, 9 hastada ise 180° açılarla çift plak kullanıldı. Tüm hastalar triceps koruyucu paratrisipital yaklaşımla opere edildi. Hastalar ortalama (12-23) 18 ay takip edildi. Tüm kırıklarda kaynama tespit edildi. Hastaların %81’inde hareket açıklığı, fonksiyonel hareket açıklığı olarak kabul edilen 30°-130° üzerindeydi. Ortalama MEPS skoru 86,9 puan olarak belirlendi, kategorik olarak; 10 hasta (%47,6) çok iyi, 7 hasta (%33,3) iyi, 4 olgu (%19,1) orta sonuç elde edildiği görüldü.
Sonuç: Ekstansör mekanizma koruyucu paratrisipital yaklaşım, AO/OTA tip C1 ve C2 intraartiküler distal humerus kırıklarının fiksasyonunda eklem yüzü hakimiyeti kısıtlı olmakla birlikte yeterli ekspojur sağlar ve hasta için fonksiyonel sonuçları memnun edicidir.