bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of COVID-19 under-reporting in the Brazilian States through SARI
Authors: Paixão Balthazar , Pedroso Marcel , Baroni Lais , Salles Rebecca , Escobar Luciana , de Sousa Carlos , Saldanha Raphael , Soares Jorge , Coutinho Rafaelli , Porto Fabio , Ogasawara Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDue to its impact, COVID-19 has been stressing the academy to search for curing, mitigating, or controlling it. However, when it comes to control, there are still few studies focused on under-reporting estimates. It is believed that under-reporting is a relevant factor in determining the actual mortality rate and, if not considered, can cause significant misinformation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to estimate the under-reporting of cases and deaths of COVID-19 in Brazilian states using data from the InfoGripe on notification of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). MethodologyThe methodology is based on the combination of data analytics (event detection methods) and time series modeling (inertia and novelty concepts) over hospitalized SARI cases. The estimate of real cases of the disease, called novelty, is calculated by comparing the difference in SARI cases in 2020 (after COVID-19) with the total expected cases in recent years (2016 to 2019). The expected cases are derived from a seasonal exponential moving average. ResultsThe results show that under-reporting rates vary significantly between states and that there are no general patterns for states in the same region in Brazil. The states of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso have the highest rates of under-reporting of cases. The rate of under-reporting of deaths is high in the Rio Grande do Sul and the Minas Gerais. ConclusionsOur work presents the estimation of the under-reporting rates of COVID-19 in Brazilian states. This work can be highlighted for the combination of data analytics and time series modeling. Our calculation of under-reporting rates based on SARI is conservative and better characterized by deaths than for cases.
LncRNA SNHG15 facilitates development of breast cancer (BC) by upregulating c-Myc through sponging miR-451
Authors: Du Jiang , Zhong Hong , Ma Binlin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidences suggested that LncRNA SNHG15 functioned as an oncogene to promote breast cancer (BC) progression, but the detailed mechanisms are still not fully delineated.Methods: The expression levels of the associated genes were examined by using the Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot. Dual-luciferase reporter gene system was performed to validated the potential targeting sites. Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay were used to measure cell proliferation, and trypan blue staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay were performed to determine cell viability and apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were examined by transwell and wound scratch assay, respectively. The tumor-bearing mice models were established, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to examine expression and localization of Ki67 protein in tumor tissues.Results: Here we identified that LncRNA SNHG15 upregulated c-Myc to facilitate BC progression by sponging miR-451 in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LncRNA SNHG15 and c-Myc were upregulated, while miR-451 was downregulated in BC cells and clinical tissues, compared to their normal counterparts. As expected, the Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that miR-451 negatively correlated with LncRNA SNHG15 and c-Myc, and LncRNA SNHG15 was positively relevant to c-Myc in BC tissues. Next, we validated that LncRNA SNHG15 sponged miR-451 to upregulate c-Myc in BC cells. Further gain- and loss-function experiments evidenced that LncRNA SNHG15 promoted, while miR-451 inhibited malignant phenotypes, including cell proliferation, viability, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BC cells. Interestingly, the inhibiting effects of LncRNA SNHG15 ablation on BC progression were abrogated by both silencing miR-451 and overexpressing c-Myc.Conclusions: Collectively, the present study evidenced that targeting LncRNA SNHG15/miR-451/c-Myc signaling cascade was novel to hamper BC progression, and the potential underlying mechanisms were also uncovered, which broadened our knowledge in this field, and provided potential biomarkers for BC diagnosis and treatment.
Appraisal of the diagnostic procedures of acute pancreatitis in the guidelines
Authors: Yi Ke-Qian , Yang Ting , Yang Yan-Min , Lan Guo-Li , An Li-Ya , Qi Yu-Xing , Fan Hong-Bo , Chen Xiong-Zhi , Sun Da-Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the heterogeneity of procedures in the diagnostic guidelines for acute pancreatitis and to identify gaps limiting knowledge in diagnosing this disease.Methods: A systematic search of a number of databases was performed to determine the guidelines for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe pancreatitis. The guidelines for the diagnosis of severe pancreatitis were evaluated by AGREE II. The Measurement Scale of Rate of Agreement (MSRA) was used to assess the guidelines (2015-2020) and extract evidence supporting these recommendations for analysis.Results: Seven diagnostic guidelines for acute pancreatitis were included. Only the 2019 WSES Guidelines for the Management of Severe Acute Pancreatitis and the Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pancreatitis: Japanese Guidelines 2015 had a total score of more than 60%, which is worthy of clinical recommendation. The average scores of the Scope and Purpose domain and the Clarity and Expression domain were the highest at 71.62% and 75.59%, respectively, while the average score of the Applicability area was the lowest at 16.67%. The included guidelines were further analysed to determine the heterogeneity of the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The main reasons for the heterogeneity were the citation of low-quality evidence, the presence of far too many indicators for the classification of acute pancreatitis, unclear depictions of the standard, and poorly comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis of the aetiology in the primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, the severity classification, the aetiological diagnosis, and the diagnosis of comorbidities.Conclusions: The quality of different diagnostic guidelines for severe pancreatitis is uneven. The recommendations are largely based on low-quality evidence, and the guidelines still have much room for improvement to reach a high level of quality. The diagnostic procedures for acute pancreatitis vary widely in different guidelines. There are large differences between them, and resolving the abovementioned reasons would be a very wise choice for guideline developers to revise and upgrade the guidelines in the future.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Associated with Essential Hypertension in Xin Jiang Han Chinese Population
Authors: Jiang Wenxi , Lü Qiang , Li Ronghui , Wang Panpan , Shan Guangle , Jia Xiaodong , Gu Mingliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic factors contribute to essential hypertension (EH) etiology, however, causal genes haven’t been identified. Mitochondrial dysfunction is common in EH. However, evidence supporting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation involved in EH in Chinese Han is lacking. We aimed to characterize relationship between mtDNA mutation and EH in China.Methods: Totally 216 individuals including 151 EH patients and 65 controls from Chinese Han population in Xinjiang were sequenced for whole mtDNA genome. Novel variations and haplogroups were identified for each mtDNA sequence. Frequencies of gene mutations were compared between cases and controls, and functional changes of mtDNA genes associated with EH were predicted.Results: Haplogroups of Chinese Han population in Xinjiang were consistent with those in northern China. No association of mitochondrial haplogroup with EH was observed. Nine novel variations and three EH-associated mutations were identified. Variants in mutation m.12361A>G, m15662A>G and m.1598G>A were predicted to affect functions of ND5, CYTB and 12S rRNA, respectively.Conclusions: Our results have provided a new clue for mitochondrial genetic characteristics in etiology of EH in Chinese Han population in Xinjiang.
Heterogeneity of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Help-seeking Adolescents
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Lerch Stefan , Ghinea Denisa , Fischer-Waldschmidt Gloria , Resch Franz , Koenig Julian , Kaess Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The heterogeneous presentation of borderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a clinical challenge. There is an ongoing scientific debate whether the heterogeneity can best be understood in terms of qualitative (categorical) or quantitative (dimensional) differences between individuals. The present study examined the latent structure of BPD in adolescents.
Methods
Five-hundred and six outpatients aged 12 to 17 years with risk-taking and/or self-harming behavior were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up. Latent class analysis (corresponding with the categorical approach), factor analysis (corresponding with the dimensional approach), and factor mixture models (allowing for both categorical and dimensional aspects) were applied to the DSM-IV BPD criteria.
Results
The best fitting model distinguished between a majority class with high probabilities for all BPD criteria (“borderline group”) and a minority class with high probabilities for the impulsivity and anger criteria only (“impulsive group”). Sex significantly affected latent class membership, and both a latent factor and age explained within-class variability. The borderline group primarily consisted of females, frequently reported adverse childhood experiences, scored high on the emotion dysregulation and inhibitedness personality traits, and was associated with internalizing psychopathology. In contrast, the impulsive group primarily consisted of males, scored high on the dissocial behavior personality trait, and was associated with externalizing psychopathology. After one year, the two groups showed similar clinical improvement.
Conclusions
The study provides evidence for two distinct subgroups of adolescents with BPD features that resemble the subtypes of the ICD-10 emotionally instable personality disorder. More research is needed to further investigate the diagnostic stability of the two groups over time and potential differential treatment indications.
Following cytotoxic nanoconjugates from injection to halting the cell cycle machinery and its therapeutic implications in oral cancer
Authors: Hamid Hend Mohamed Abdel , Darwish Zeinab El Sayed , Elsheikh Sahar Mohamed , Mourad Ghada , Donia Hanaa , Afifi Marwa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The concept of personalized therapy has been proven to be a promising approach. A popular approach is to utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as drug delivery vectors for cytotoxic drugs and small molecule inhibitors to target and eradicate oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. While it is currently accepted that the cytotoxic drug’s mode of action remains the key regulator of the therapeutic outcome and toxicity beside nanocarrier design. None of the leading studies have compared multiple chemotherapeutics to their baseline free drugs nor used multiple nanocarriers to calculate drugs impact versus nanocarriers effect. We hypothesized that similarly constructed nanocarriers play a greater role than only acting as cargo-carriers. If proven, AuNPs may have a therapeutic role beyond bypassing cancer cell membrane and delivering their loaded drugs. We propose that similarly constructed AuNPs can flexibly leverage different conjugated drugs irrelevant to their mode of action enhancing the therapeutic outcome.Methods: We conjugated 5- fluorouracil (5Fu), camptothecin (CPT), and a fibroblast growth factor receptor1-inhibitor (FGFR1i) to gold nanospheres (AuNSs). We followed their trajectories in Syrian hamsters with chemically induced buccal carcinomas.Results: Flow cytometry and cell cycle data shows that 5Fu- and CPT- induced a similar ratio of S-phase cell cycle arrest as nanoconjugates and in their free forms. On the other hand, FGFR1i-AuNSs induced significant sub-G1 cell population compared with its free form. Despite cell cycle dynamics variability, there was no significant difference in tumor cells’ proliferation rate between CPT-, 5Fu- and FGFR1i- AuNSs treated groups. Clinically, FGFR1i-AuNSs induced the highest tumor reduction rates followed by 5Fu- AuNSs. CPT-AuNSs induced significantly lower tumor reduction rates compared with the 5Fu- and FGFR1i- AuNSs despite showing similar proliferative rates in tumor cells.Conclusions: Our data indicates that the cellular biological events do not predict the clinical outcome. Furthermore, our results suggest that AuNSs selectively enhances the therapeutic effect of small molecule inhibitors such as FGFR1i than potent anticancer drugs. Future studies are required to better understand the underlying mechanism.
Dynamic Changes in Circulating Plasma B-type Natriuretic peptide levels and its Influencing Factors in Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Ma Ning , Li Yongguo , Huang Yanxin , Xu Mingyan , Zhao Yue , Song Shupeng , Jiang Lisheng , Lan Yinghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Typically, Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurs in five sequential stages: Febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuria, and convalescent stage. The pathophysiological process involves the release of inflammatory mediators, the fluctuation of blood volume and the injury of the Multiple organs, and all the factors mentioned above may cause the elevation of the level of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). In addition, the physiological effects of BNP in regulating blood volume and promoting angiogenesis may in theory alleviate the pathological state of HFRS. So, this study is to explore the clinical application of BNP in HFRS by dynamically monitoring the BNP levels and analyzing the factors associated with BNP expression.Methods: Eighty-six in-patients with HFRS were divided into the mild, moderate and severe groups according to disease severity. Mixed-effects linear model was used to analyze the differences in BNP expression according to disease severity and disease stage. The factors affecting BNP expression were analyzed using a linear regression model for each disease stage.Results: BNP showed dynamic changes that corresponded with disease progression. The more severe the disease, the overall BNP level was higher. Disease severity, neutrophil count and pulse pressure were independent factors for BNP, while cardiac injury related indicators were not.Conclusions: In HFRS the main factors promoting BNP expression were inflammation and blood volume, rather than heart disease. BNP can be regarded as an index for judging the severity of the disease and guiding body fluid treatment.
How to improve&nbsp;participant compliance&nbsp;in clinical trials: A Scoping Review of process factors
Authors: Yu Mingkun , Lin Ziyi , Liang Changhao , Li Chengze , Zhang Zhijia , Liu Kexin , Li Xun , Liu Jianping , Fei Yutong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The reliability of results can be compromised when subsets of participants who remain on a study differ from those who drop out. Although recent studies have investigated approaches for improving compliance, there has been very little investigation of process factors, regardless of the type of literature and the publication date. factors that may influence how and why compliance may be successful (or not).
Aim

To identify process factors that may influence participant compliance retention in clinical trials, and potential approaches to improve the compliance, from published studies, to facilitate future design and implementation of trials.
Methods

Six databases and two clinical trial registries were searched on November 29, 2019. Surveys, interviews, retrospective data analyses, theoretical research, reviews and clinical studies aiming at investigating factors influencing participant compliance and potential approaches for improving compliance retention were included. Data synthesis followed an iterative process to develop a list of process factors and potential retention approaches. Results were analysed descriptively, including visualization using word cloud.
Results

181 publications were included in this review, composed of 58 retrospective analysis of RCTs based on 1,132 clinical trials with 177804 participants, 27 implementation researches, 22 theoretical researches, 20 interviews, 18 surveys, 17 randomized controlled trials, 8 literature reviews, 5 systematic review and meta analysis, 3 mixed methods researches, 2 case report and 1 cohort study. We identified 70 process factors that may affect the compliance. The most commonly addressed factors were age, education, economy, trust in clinical trials, supporting from surrounding people, safety concerns and effectiveness. We found 44 potential approaches to improve compliance. Approaches reported most frequently were that researchers should pay attention to the changes on participants' psychological condition, try their best to build good relationships, provide some compensation and educate the participants about compliance.
Conclusion

These factors that may affect the compliance can help researchers predict participants who are less likely to adhere and develop screening tools to find efficiently their suitable participants. These potential approaches that may improve the compliance provide suggestions for improving compliance.
Association between Colic and sleep problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavioral problems: A Longitudinal study
Authors: Valla Lisbeth , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Andenæs Randi , Misvær Nina , Olbjørn Christine , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sleep and Colic problems in infancy have been linked to adverse health outcome, but there is limited knowledge of the association between sleep and colic problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavior problems in young children. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is an associations between infants’ crying and sleep problems at 6 months and behavioral and development problems at 18 months, 3 and 5 years Methods: A population-based longitudinal study, using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from June 1999, to December 2008. A total of 86,724 children were included. Colic and sleep (sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings and easy to put to bed) was assessed by mother-reports. Z-scores were used to assess differences between groups of children (e.g. having colic or not, having a sleep problem or not). Emotional and behavioral problems were measured with items from the Child Behavior Checklist. Development problems were measured with items from The Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Results: Infants with colic scored significantly lower on development at 5 years (B=-0.10, CI [-0.14-; - 0.06]) and higher on internalizing problems both at 18 months (B=-0.06 .CI [-0.09-; - 0.03]) and 3 years (B=-0.05 .CI [0.08-; - 0.01]) than the reference population. Children who awoke frequently (≥ 3 times) and were more difficult to put to bed at 6 months scored significantly lower on development at 18 months and 3 and 5 years, and higher on internalizing behavior problems at 18 months and 3 years (B=0.18 and B=0.16), and children with shorter sleep duration (≤ 10 hours) at 6 months had more internalizing behavior problems at 18 months (B=-0.14. CI [0.07; - 0.02]) and 3 years (B=-0.15 .CI [0.05-; - 0.25]) than the reference population.Conclusions: Colic and disruptive sleep early in life are risk factors for development, emotional and behavioral problems within the first five years of a child’s life. It is important to be aware that disruptive sleep and colic in infancy may have long-term negative consequences.
Target calorie intake achievements for patients treated in the surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Kim Min Kyoon , Choi Yoo Shin , Suh Suk-Won , Kang Hyun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAdequate nutritional therapy in critically ill patients is integral to an optimal outcome. This study determined which clinical factors affect the target calorie approach during SICU admission.MethodsConsecutive patients that were provided with nutritional support during their hospitalization in the Chung-Ang university hospital SICU from August 2014 to July 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Data on demographics, supplied calorie amount and method, lengths of stay in the hospital and the intensive care unit, and mortality outcomes when discharged from the SICU were collected and analyzed. ResultsIn 279 patients, 36.9% approached target calorie intake during SICU stay. In multivariate regression analysis, patients’ sex and nasogastric tube insertion were significant factors affecting target calorie approach. (OR 2.00 for female sex, 2.03 for nasogastric tube insertion; p-value 0.012 and 0.024 for each, respectively) When we divide the patients into two groups by SICU stay length, nasogastric tube insertion is more important variable in ≤7days of SICU stay for achieve the target calorie goal. (OR 4.13; p-value 0.006) As higher amounts of calories are supplied to the patients, total lymphocyte count (TLC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels improved significantly without changes in mortality.ConclusionExistence of nasogastric tube and patient sex were important clinical factors to reach target calorie supply for SICU patients and their importance is different according to SICU stay length.
Extra-Hepatic Comorbidity Burden Significantly Increases 90-day Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis and High Model for Endstage Liver Disease
Authors: Coppel Scott , Mathur Karan , Ekser Burcin , Patidar Kavish R , Orman Eric , Desai Archita P , Gomez Eduardo Vilar , Kubal Chandrashekhar , Chalasani Naga P , Nephew Lauren , Ghabril Marwan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background & aims
We examined how extra-hepatic comorbidity burden impacts mortality in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation (LT).
Methods
Adults with cirrhosis evaluated for their first LT in 2012 were followed through their clinical course with last follow up in 2019. Extra-hepatic comorbidity burden was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The endpoints were 90-day transplant free survival ( Cox-Proportional Hazard regression), and overall mortality (competing risk analysis).
Results
The study included 340 patients, mean age 56 ± 11, 63% male and MELD-Na 17.2 ± 6.6. The CCI was 0 (no comorbidities) in 44%, 1–2 in 44% and > 2 (highest decile) in 12%, with no differences based on gender but higher CCI in patients with fatty and cryptogenic liver disease. Thirty-three (10%) of 332 patients not receiving LT within 90 days died. Beyond MELD-Na, the CCI was independently associated with 90-day mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.72). Ninety-day mortality was specifically increased with higher CCI category and MELD ≥ 18 (12% (CCI = 0), 22% (CCI = 1–2) and 33% (CCI > 2), (p = 0.002)) but not MELD-Na ≤ 17. At last follow-up, 69 patients were alive, 100 underwent LT and 171 died without LT. CCI was associated with increased overall mortality in the competing risk analysis (Sub-HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.1–1.4 ).
Conclusions
Extra-hepatic comorbidity burden significantly impacts short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis and high MELD-Na. This has implications in determining urgency of LT and mortality models in cirrhosis and LT waitlisting, especially with an ageing population with increasing prevalence of fatty liver disease.