bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOW SERUM IRON LEVEL AND LYMPHOCYTE DNA DAMAGE AMONG ADULTS
Authors: Samal Pinak , N. Suchetha Kumari , Samal Indira R. , Sathish Kathyayani 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCellular DNA damage has been related to both external and internal factors. Serum Iron is one of the factors which has importance in the oxidative status of the cell. Higher iron levels have been found to be associated with imbalance in the oxidation-antioxidant system and has been associated with DNA damage due to oxidative stress. However, oxidative stress and DNA damage has also been reported in iron deficiency states, in some studies. It appears that the body iron level should be maintained at optimum level for a balanced scenario and both iron excess as well as iron deficiency states may be associated with oxidative stress and attendant DNA damage. In this study, the blood collected from eighty four volunteers (fifty six males and twenty eight females) was subjected to estimation of serum iron (Bathophenanthroline method). Also, Lymphocyte DNA damage was ascertained by Alkaline Comet Assay method (Qualitative assessment only). The range of serum iron in this group was found to be between 39.91 μgm/dl – 93.55 μgm/dl in females and between 37.7 μgm/dl – 133.63 μgm/dl in males. Very high as well as very low serum iron was not found in this study group as the volunteers were all ambulatory and asymptomatic. Among the volunteers who had serum iron less than 50 μgm/dl(N=17), eleven (64.7%) had evidence of DNA damage as per the alkaline comet assay. Among the group having serum iron 51-70 μgm/dl (N=34), fourteen (41%), had evidence of DNA damage. Similarly, among the group, having serum iron 71-90 μgm/dl (N=27), evidence of DNA damage was seen in ten (37%) persons. There were very few persons with serum iron more than 91 μgm/dl (N= 6) and out of them two had evidence of DNA damage. In total, out of 84 persons, thirty seven (44%) had evidence of DNA damage as per alkaline comet assay. This trend of inverse dose response relationship was also noticed separately among males as well as in females. This is a preliminary exploratory study in India (although a few similar reports also exist in studies done in other parts of the world) and admittedly, had not taken into account of other confounding factors. Nevertheless, the findings suggesting association of low serum iron level and DNA damage, which has also been reported in some earlier studies at other parts of the world, need further examination through larger controlled studies.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INFORMATION BOOKLET ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE IMPORTANCE OF BIRTH SPACING
Authors: Chacko Tintu , Fernandes Philomena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an information booklet on knowledge regarding the importance of birth spacing among primi para mothers from 01.08.2011 to 31.10.2011. An evaluative approach with one group pre test post test design was used for the study. 60 samples were selected using purposive sampling method. The present study was conducted in Justice K.S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Distribution of primipara mothers according to their level of knowledge showed that 49 (81.7%) had poor knowledge score [score range 0-12], 11(18.3%) had average knowledge [score range 13-25] and none of them had good knowledge [score range 26-37]. The Mean knowledge score in the pre-test was 7.96 which had increased after administration of the information booklet, with mean knowledge score in the post-test by 31.15. A significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge was found (t=28.945, P < 0.05) among the primi para mothers by providing an information booklet. There was significant association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables such as educational status, income and previous knowledge.
PULMONARY AGENESIS-GROUP I WITH UPAA DIAGNOSED IN ELDERLY GERIATRIC AGE
Authors: Sharma Raghav , Upadhyaya Vidya , Attar Nazir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPulmonary agenesis and UPAA (unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis) is a rare developmental lung defect in which there is complete absence or hypoplasia of one or both lungs. It can be either isolated or associated with other congenital anomalies. The percentage of diagnosis of this condition during life has risen considerably, however it is true that more than 50% of the patients with this condition die in the first year of life. The symptoms and severity of this condition is often variable. Here with we present a male patient with left upper lobe pulmonary agenesis with left unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) which was detected and diagnosed for the first time at the ripe age of 70 years. Here we also review the relevant literature regarding the condition and the radiology including CT scan is described.
Variation in Matukar Panau kinship terminology
Authors: Barth Danielle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReferential kinship terms in Matukar Panau (Oceanic, Papua New Guinea) are obligatorily possessed. Traditionally, kinship terms are directly possessed in Oceanic languages (with an obligatory suffix on the root that agrees with the person and number of the possessor). In Matukar Panau, some kinship terms are also indirectly possessed (with a classifier that agrees with the person and number of the possessor). A third pattern shows double-marking of possessors with directly possessed terms co-occurring with a classifier. I present a multivariate analysis of the predictors that influence the choice of the direct, indirect or double-marked patterns. Older women and younger men are most likely to use the indirect pattern, particularly when discussing their own kin from their households, especially in conversational situations. The indirect possession pattern, then, is used for more integral relationships, what has previously been the semantic domain of direct possession in Oceanic.
Variable number marking in Vera’a
Authors: Schnell Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The number interpretation of Noun Phrase structures (NPs) with different animacy values and variable overt marking
of number is investigated in a corpus from the Oceanic language Vera’a. It is found that number marking is optional for all nouns
and that number marking is essentially semantic, expressing collectivity and distributivity. While statistical patterns of greater
likelihood of number marking comply with the animacy hierarchy, the central motivating factor for number marking is found to be
likelihood of individuatedness. This study thus contributes to a functionalist account of cross-linguistically observed patterns
of hierarchical number marking.
The spatialization and temporalization of environmental suffering
Authors: Sullivan Daniel , Palitsky Roman , Schmitt Harrison 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany people live in circumstances of environmental suffering: exposure to contaminated natural resources and toxic chemicals due to a history of accident or misuse. Environmental suffering is disproportionately experienced by politically, ethnically, and economically disadvantaged group members. An analysis rooted in the concept offalse consciousness(Gabel, 1975) suggests that environmental suffering narratives tend toward perspectival distortions. Although narratives from disadvantaged group members may contain defensive distortions, these are warranted by experiences of environmental suffering, and expert narratives also regularly contain distortions. Disadvantaged narratives of environmental suffering tend towardspatializingdistortions: emphasizing spatial aspects, objectifying people and agents, and fixating on a tragic past. Advantaged narratives of environmental suffering tend towardtemporalizingdistortions: emphasizing temporal aspects, refusing to clearly assign blame, and fixating on a “miraculous” future. We present a preliminary supporting study, using quantitative text analysis, of parallel environmental suffering narratives from community members, EPA officials, and other experts.
“And in Israel we became Russians straight away”
Authors: Maydell Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSocial constructionism suggests that identities are created through interactions with others, as well as the wider socio-cultural environment. This research employs constructionist narrative analysis for a case study of a Russian-Jewish woman who emigrated from Russia to Israel and then to New Zealand. Lara’s first two societies of settlement, Russia and Israel, seem pre-occupied with the ethnic demarcation of their members, which contradicts to how she feels “deep inside”. Ascribed an inferior identity in both, Lara provides rich explanations for her husband’s remark that in Russia they were “bloody Jews” and in Israel they became “bloody Russians”. While making sense of her life experiences, she articulates the complex process of changes and assigns positive meanings to her identity using available cultural resources. Her fascinating narrative provides a unique in-depth account, allowing for a better understanding of the interplay between such notions as identity, agency, and community across different cultural environments.
Investigation of optical fiber-tip probes for common and ultrafast SERS
Authors: Morozov Yevhenii M , Lapchuk Anatoliy S , Prygun Alexander V , Kryuchyn Andriy A , Dostalek Jakub 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, we performed a three-dimensional computational experiment on ultrashort pulse propagation in an optical fiber-tip probe that is decorated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) using a constant structure for the probe’s dielectric taper and different spatial configurations of the gold nanoparticles. Interestingly, a hot spot with the highest amplitude of the electric field was found not along the same chain of the NPs but between terminal NPs of neighboring chains of NPs at the probe’s tip (the amplitude of the electric field in the hot spots between the NPs along the same chain was of the order of 101, while that between terminal NPs of neighboring chains was of the order of 103). We eventually identified a configuration with only six terminal nanoparticles (Config4) which is characterized by the highest electric field amplitude enhancement and can provide the highest spatial resolution in the SERS interrogation of an object of interest. The ultrashort temporal responses of the hot spots for all configurations exhibited relatively high pulse elongation (relative elongation was greater than 4.3%). At the same time, due to the reflection of the incident pulse and consequent interference, the temporal responses of most hot spots contained several peaks for all configurations except for the optimum Config4. Nonetheless, the ultrashort temporal responses of all hot spots for Config4 were characterized by a single peak but with a relatively large pulse elongation (relative elongation was 234.1%). The results indicate that further examination of this new structure of a nanoparticles-coated optical fiber-tip probe with only six terminal NPs may provide attractive characteristics for its practical applications.
Activation robustness with directional leads and multi-lead configurations in deep brain stimulation
Authors: Janson Andrew P , Anderson Daria Nesterovich , Butson Christopher R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective. Clinical outcomes from deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be highly variable, and two critical factors underlying this variability are the location and type of stimulation. In this study we quantified how robustly DBS activates a target region when taking into account a range of different lead designs and realistic variations in placement. The objective of the study is to assess the likelihood of achieving target activation. Approach. We performed finite element computational modeling and established a metric of performance robustness to evaluate the ability of directional and multi-lead configurations to activate target fiber pathways while taking into account location variability. A more robust lead configuration produces less variability in activation across all stimulation locations around the target. Main results. Directional leads demonstrated higher overall performance robustness compared to axisymmetric leads, primarily 1–2 mm outside of the target. Multi-lead configurations demonstrated higher levels of robustness compared to any single lead due to distribution of electrodes in a broader region around the target. Significance. Robustness measures can be used to evaluate the performance of existing DBS lead designs and aid in the development of novel lead designs to better accommodate known variability in lead location and orientation. This type of analysis may also be useful to understand how DBS clinical outcome variability is influenced by lead location among groups of patients.
Retracted: Induced cell migration based on a bioactive hydrogel sheet combined with a perfused microfluidic system
Authors: Jafarkhani Mahboubeh , Salehi Zeinab , Mashayekhan Shohreh , Kowsari-Esfahan Reza , Orive Gorka , Dolatshahi-Pirouz Alireza , Bonakdar Shahin , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Endothelial cell migration is a crucial step in the process of new blood vessel formation—a necessary process to maintain cell viability inside thick tissue constructs. Here, we report a new method for maintaining cell viability and inducing cell migration using a perfused microfluidic platform based on collagen gel and a gradient hydrogel sheet. Due to the helpful role of the extracellular matrix components in cell viability, we developed a hydrogel sheet from decellularized tissue (DT) of the bovine heart and chitosan (CS). The results showed that hydrogel sheets with an optimum weight ratio of CS/DT = 2 possess a porosity of around 75%, a mechanical strength of 23 kPa, and display cell viability up to 78%. Then, we immobilized a radial gradient of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the hydrogel sheet to promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration. Finally, we incorporated the whole system as an entirety on the top of the microfluidic platform and studied cell migration through the hydrogel sheet in the presence of soluble and immobilized VEGF. The results demonstrated that immobilized VEGF stimulated cell migration in the hydrogel sheet at all depths compared with soluble VEGF. The results also showed that applying a VEGF gradient in both soluble and immobilized states had a significant effect on cell migration at limited depths (<100 μm). The main finding of this study is a significant improvement in cell migration using an in vivo imitating, cost-efficient and highly reproducible platform, which may open up a new perspective for tissue engineering applications.
Using remote sensing to detect, validate, and quantify methane emissions from California solid waste operations
Authors: Cusworth Daniel H , Duren Riley M , Thorpe Andrew K , Tseng Eugene , Thompson David , Guha Abhinav , Newman Sally , Foster Kelsey T , Miller Charles E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Solid waste management represents one of the largest anthropogenic methane emission sources. However, precise quantification of landfill and composting emissions remains difficult due to variety of site-specific factors that contribute to landfill gas generation and effective capture. Remote sensing is an avenue to quantify process-level emissions from waste management facilities. The California Methane Survey flew the Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) over 270 landfills and 166 organic waste facilities repeatedly during 2016–2018 to quantify their contribution to the statewide methane budget. We use representative methane retrievals from this campaign to present three specific findings where remote sensing enabled better landfill and composting methane monitoring: (1) Quantification of strong point source emissions from the active face landfills that are difficult to capture by in situ monitoring or landfill models, (2) emissions that result from changes in landfill infrastructure (design, construction, and operations), and (3) unexpected large emissions from two organic waste management methods (composting and digesting) that were originally intended to help mitigate solid waste emissions. Our results show that remotely-sensed emission estimates reveal processes that are difficult to capture in biogas generation models. Furthermore, we find that airborne remote sensing provides an effective avenue to study the temporally changing dynamics of landfills. This capability will be further improved with future spaceborne imaging spectrometers set to launch in the 2020s.
Economic losses from extreme weather in the U.S. Gulf Coast region: spatially differential contributions of climate hazard and socioeconomic exposure and vulnerability
Authors: Surendran Nair Sujithkumar , King Anthony W , Gulledge Jay , Preston Benjamin L , McManamay Ryan A , Clark Christopher D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Worldwide economic losses from extreme weather events (EWE) have increased over recent decades, with significant geographic heterogeneity in damages. The IPCC defines the risk from EWE as a function of the climate hazard, socioeconomic exposure, and vulnerability. Although these three drivers vary at fine spatial scales, spatial variability largely has been overlooked in assessments of the drivers of economic loss from EWE. Using cluster analysis, we developed a novel socio-climate hazard typology (SCT) that integrates locally defined climate hazard and socioeconomic exposure and social vulnerability typologies. The results identified 838 unique SCT types impacted by EWE across the Gulf Coastal United States during 1981–2010. We regressed the SCT types and their constituent hazard and socioeconomic components against the cumulative economic loss (1981–2010) from EWE for each SCT type. Across the landscape, economic damages of SCT types were determined by unique, spatially explicit combinations of different risk factors, even in explaining the same level of economic loss. For example, multi-billion-dollar damages in the central Gulf Coast and peninsular Florida were explained by different drivers of risk, with damages in the former explained by additive interaction between climate hazard and multiplicative interaction between climate hazard and socioeconomic exposure and vulnerability, and in the latter explained by socioeconomic exposure and vulnerability. These results highlight the need to diagnose additive and multiplicative interactions among drivers of EWE risk in a spatially explicit context.
Warming-induced unprecedented high-elevation forest growth over the monsoonal Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shi Chunming , Schneider Lea , Hu Yuan , Shen Miaogen , Sun Cheng , Xia Jianyang , Forbes Bruce C , Shi Peili , Zhang Yuandong , Ciais Philippe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Growth of high-elevation forests is generally temperature-limited and thus sensitive to warming. The Tibetan Plateau has experienced fast warming rates associated with decreased summer monsoon rainfall over the last century. However, whether such warming and monsoon-induced drought could offset a potential warming-driven enhancement of forest growth has not been examined. Here, we have compiled high-elevation forest growth data at 40 sites over the monsoonal Tibetan Plateau (MTP), and combined them in a high-elevation forest growth index (HEFGI) spanning 1567–2010. Tree growth in this region was significantly and positively correlated with July–October minimum temperatures during 1950–2010 (R
2 = 0.53 P < 0.001), and insignificantly coherent with soil moisture and precipitation. The HEFGI of MTP reaches its highest values from the 2000s onwards. This result suggests that the mean HEFGI of MTP has not been negatively affected by the current drying trend and responded positively to increased temperatures.
Classical antennas, quantum emitters, and densities of optical states
Authors: Barnes William L , Horsley Simon A R , Vos Willem L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We provide a pedagogical introduction to the concept of the local density of optical states (LDOS), illustrating its application to both the classical and quantum theory of radiation. We show that the LDOS governs the efficiency of a macroscopic classical antenna, determining how the antenna’s emission depends on its environment. The LDOS is shown to similarly modify the spontaneous emission rate of a quantum emitter, such as an excited atom, molecule, ion, or quantum dot that is embedded in a nanostructured optical environment. The difference between the number density of optical states, the LDOS, and the partial LDOS is elaborated and examples are provided for each density of states to illustrate where these are required. We illustrate the universal effect of the LDOS on emission by comparing systems with emission wavelengths that differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and systems whose decay rates differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude. To conclude we discuss and resolve an apparent difference between the classical and quantum expressions for the spontaneous emission rate that often seems to be overlooked, and discuss the experimental determination of the LDOS.
Tailoring complex permittivity and permeability to enhance microwave absorption properties of FeCo alloy particles through adjusting hydrazine reduction process parameters
Authors: Zare Y , Shams M H , Jazirehpour M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Owing to their high permeability, metallic soft magnetic materials exhibit high potential as microwave absorbers. The great challenge in designing desirable absorption properties from these materials is their large electrical permittivity at microwave frequencies. So, decreasing their permittivity within acceptable limits while keeping permeability at sufficiently high or improved levels is considered an important requirement for matching impedance and obtaining excellent electromagnetic (EM) absorption properties. In the present research, FeCo alloy particles produced employing by a simple wet chemical reduction process with the intention of investigating dependence of their EM properties on synthesis parameters. The characterizations were done with the help of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The intrinsic EM properties (ε

r
, μ

r
) in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz were measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA) for the paraffin composites containing obtained products. The results indicated that the concentration of NaOH and metallic salts as the synthesis precursors can tune the permittivity and permeability. Under optimum conditions, bandwidths of 7.3 and 5.5 GHz with thicknesses of only 1.2 and 1.5 mm were obtained respectively. Also, Reflection loss (RL) of −45 dB was attained. The excellent EM absorption properties demonstrated that the synthesized FeCo alloy may be an ideal absorber having both a wide absorption bandwidth and a low thickness.
Electronic transport in high magnetic fields of thin film MnSi
Authors: Steinki N , Schroeter D , Wächter N , Menzel D , Schumacher H W , Sheikin I , Süllow S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a study of the magnetoresistivity of thin film MnSi in high magnetic fields. We establish that the magnetoresistivity can be understood in terms of spin fluctuation theory, allowing us to compare our data to studies of bulk material. Despite of a close qualitative resemblance of bulk and thin film data, there are clear quantitative differences. We propose that these reflect a difference of the spin fluctuation spectra in thin film and bulk material MnSi, and discuss possible causes.