bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-Pyrolysis of Rice Husk and Chicken Manure
Authors: Espindola Juan , Selim Osama M. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The increase in the production scale of chicken causes an increment in the produced manure. Chicken manure is considered an excellent soil amendment due to the high nitrogen and phosphorous content. However, the high production of manure exceeds the soil requirements. Rice husk is a by-product of rice production. Approximately one hundred forty million tons of rice husk is produced per year worldwide. There are several ways to manage rice husk such as animal bedding, direct combustion, or as a soil fertilizer. The husk's ashes are suitable for construction or as reinforcing material due to the high silica content. However, rice husk has a low volatile matter and high silica content, which makes processes like direct combustion inefficient. Thermochemical processes (such as pyrolysis and gasification) are effective ways to manage waste. The present study investigates the co-pyrolysis of chicken manure and rice husk. The experiments were conducted in a non-isothermal gravimetrical analyzer using nitrogen at a flowrate of 100 ml/min at three different heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C/min). The degradation of individual biomass and biomass blends is investigated. The kinetic parameters are calculated using the Friedman method. Results show a positive synergetic effect for mixing ratios greater than 20% rice husk. The mixing ratio of 40% of rice husk manifested the best performance among all blends. This mixture showed the minimum energy of activation (90.2 kJ/mol). Also, the 40% rice husk mixing ratio showed maximum conversion when compared with chicken manure's conversion.
Revisiting Flexibility in Design: An Analysis of the Impact of Implementation Uncertainty on the Value of Real Options
Authors: Sapol Stephen J. , Szajnfarber Zoe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Flexible design, often embodied as Real Options, has proven valuable in sustaining system performance under operational uncertainty. By building “options,” decision-makers buy the right, but not the obligation, to upgrade at a later time. Prior studies implicitly assume decision-makers can “call” the option in a timely manner, however, in most sociotechnical systems, this is far from certain. Budget cycles, supply chain logistics and separation of authority and budget lead to implementation delays. To test, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation of a representative Army vehicle project. We first replicate prior studies without implementation delays, then incorporate delays for comparison. Once added, the value of flexibility degrades rapidly. The rate of degradation varies based on the flexibility strategy. Our results suggest a need to consider implementation uncertainty in evaluating flexible design options and open a new path for matching flexible design strategies to anticipated sources of implementation uncertainty.
Experimental Investigation of the Heterogeneity Limit for the Application of Polymer Flooding in Reservoirs
Authors: Ding Mingchen , Han Yugui , Wang Yefei , Liu Yigang , Liu Dexin , Qu Zhengtian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is generally accepted that polymer flooding gets less effective as the heterogeneity of a reservoir increases. However, very little experimental information or evidence has been collated to indicate which levels of heterogeneity correspond to reservoirs that can (and cannot) be efficiently developed using polymer flooding. Therefore, to experimentally determine a heterogeneity limit for the application of polymer flooding to reservoirs, a series of flow tests and oil displacements were conducted using parallel sand packs and visual models possessing different heterogeneities. For low-concentration polymer flooding (1.0 g/l), the limit determined corresponds to permeability contrasts (PCs) of 10.8 and 10.2, according to the parallel and visual tests, respectively. A significant increase in oil recovery can be achieved by polymer injection within these limits. Increasing the polymer concentration to 2.0 g/l increased these limiting PCs to 52.8 and 50.0, respectively. Additionally, within or beyond these limits, the combined use of polymer and gel may be the best.
Experimental Investigation of Local Dynamics in a Bolted Lap Joint Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Brøns Marie , Kasper Thomas A. , Chauda Gaurav , Klaassen Steven W. B. , Schwingshackl Christoph W. , Brake Matthew R. W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of structures with joints commonly show nonlinearity in their responses. This nonlinear behavior can arise from the local dynamics of the contact interfaces. The nonlinear mechanisms at an interface are complicated to study due to the lack of observability within the contact interface itself. In this work, digital image correlation (DIC) is used in combination with a high-speed camera to observe the local motion at the edge of the interface of a bolted lap joint. Results demonstrate that it is possible to use this technique to monitor the localized motion of an interface successfully. It is observed that the two beam parts of the studied lap joint separate when undergoing bending vibrations and that there is a clear asymmetry in the response of the left and the right end of the interface. Profilometry indicates that the asymmetry in the response is due to the mesoscale topography of the contact interface, highlighting the importance of accounting for surface features in order to model the nonlinearities of a contact interface accurately.
Broadband Seismic Isolation of Periodic Ladder Frame Structure
Authors: Prasad Rajan , Sarkar Abhijit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ladder frame structures are used as models for multistorey buildings. These periodic structures exhibit alternating propagating and attenuating frequency bands. Of the six different wave modes of propagation, two modes strongly attenuate at all frequencies. The other four modes have nonoverlapping stop band characteristics. Thus, it is challenging to isolate such structures when subjected to broadband, multimodal base excitation. In this study, we seek to synthesize a periodic ladder frame structure that has attenuation characteristics over the maximal range of frequencies for all the modes of wave propagation. We synthesize a unit cell of the periodic structure, which comprises two distinct regions having different inertial, stiffness, and geometric properties. The eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of the unit cell determines the attenuating or the nonattenuating characteristics of the structure. A novel pictorial presentation in the form of eigenvalue map is developed. This is used to synthesize the optimal unit cell. Also, design guidelines for suitable selection of the design parameters are presented. It is shown that a large finite periodic structure comprising a unit cell synthesized using the present approach has significantly better isolation characteristics in comparison to the homogeneous or any other arbitrarily chosen periodic structure.
Interpreting and reporting 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data
Authors: Schaen Allen J. , Jicha Brian R. , Hodges Kip V. , Vermeesch Pieter , Stelten Mark E. , Mercer Cameron M. , Phillips David , Rivera Tiffany A. , Jourdan Fred , Matchan Erin L. , Hemming Sidney R. , Morgan Leah E. , Kelley Simon P. , Cassata William S. , Heizler Matt T. , Vasconcelos Paulo M. , Benowitz Jeff A. , Koppers Anthony A.P. , Mark Darren F. , Niespolo Elizabeth M. , Sprain Courtney J. , Hames Willis E. , Kuiper Klaudia F. , Turrin Brent D. , Renne Paul R. , Ross Jake , Nomade Sebastien , Guillou Hervé , Webb Laura E. , Cohen Barbara A. , Calvert Andrew T. , Joyce Nancy , Ganerød Morgan , Wijbrans Jan , Ishizuka Osamu , He Huaiyu , Ramirez Adán , Pfänder Jörg A. , Lopez-Martínez Margarita , Qiu Huaning , Singer Brad S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 40Ar/39Ar dating method is among the most versatile of geochronometers, having the potential to date a broad variety of K-bearing materials spanning from the time of Earth’s formation into the historical realm. Measurements using modern noble-gas mass spectrometers are now producing 40Ar/39Ar dates with analytical uncertainties of ∼0.1%, thereby providing precise time constraints for a wide range of geologic and extraterrestrial processes. Analyses of increasingly smaller subsamples have revealed age dispersion in many materials, including some minerals used as neutron fluence monitors. Accordingly, interpretive strategies are evolving to address observed dispersion in dates from a single sample. Moreover, inferring a geologically meaningful “age” from a measured “date” or set of dates is dependent on the geological problem being addressed and the salient assumptions associated with each set of data. We highlight requirements for collateral information that will better constrain the interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar data sets, including those associated with single-crystal fusion analyses, incremental heating experiments, and in situ analyses of microsampled domains. To ensure the utility and viability of published results, we emphasize previous recommendations for reporting 40Ar/39Ar data and the related essential metadata, with the amendment that data conform to evolving standards of being findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) by both humans and computers. Our examples provide guidance for the presentation and interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar dates to maximize their interdisciplinary usage, reproducibility, and longevity.
Prenatal regenerative fetoscopic interventions for congenital anomalies
Authors: Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFetal intervention has progressed in the past two decades from experimental proof-of-concept to practice-adopted, life saving interventions in human fetuses with congenital anomalies. This progress is informed by advances in innovative research, prenatal diagnosis, and fetal surgical techniques. Invasive open hysterotomy, associated with notable maternal-fetal risks, is steadily replaced by less invasive fetoscopic alternatives. A better understanding of the natural history and pathophysiology of congenital diseases has advanced the prenatal regenerative paradigm. By altering the natural course of disease through regrowth or redevelopment of malformed fetal organs, prenatal regenerative medicine has transformed maternal-fetal care. This review discusses the uses of regenerative medicine in the prenatal diagnosis and management of three congenital diseases: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, lower urinary tract obstruction, and spina bifida.
Clinical academic leadership in COVID-19: a rapid response to sharing emerging insights in intensive care
Authors: Rehill Nirandeep , Begley Amanda , Mantell Katie , Roberts C Michael 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has raised a wide range of challenges for health systems around the world and the National Health Service in England has been no exception. A significant proportion of infected cases require intensive care unit support and have a high mortality rate. In the early stages of the pandemic, there was neither an evidence base nor a clinical consensus on the optimal management of patients in this setting.InterventionsResponding to requests for assistance to address this evidence gap, UCLPartners, an Academic Health Science Partnership, working in collaboration with other organisations including National Institute of Health Research Applied Research Collaboration North Thames, developed a clinical academic team to synthesise clinical learning in real time. This was then disseminated using existing networks and social media to local, regional, national and international clinical teams.ConclusionAn Academic Health Science Partnership was able to respond quickly through adapting and expediting traditional methods of evidence gathering, supporting organisations to work collaboratively across their networks and so meet an urgent clinical need to the benefit of clinicians and patients.
Paramedic utilization of Vision, Aphasia, Neglect (VAN) stroke severity scale in the prehospital setting predicts emergent large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Birnbaum Lee , Wampler David , Shadman Arash , de Leonni Stanonik Mateja , Patterson Michele , Kidd Emily , Tovar Jeanette , Garza Ashley , Blanchard Bonnie , Slesnick Lara , Blanchette Adam , Miramontes David 
Published: July 2020

Background
Numerous stroke severity scales have been published, but few have been studied with emergency medical services (EMS) in the prehospital setting. We studied the Vision, Aphasia, Neglect (VAN) stroke assessment scale in the prehospital setting for its simplicity to both teach and perform. This prospective prehospital cohort study was designed to validate the use and efficacy of VAN within our stroke systems of care, which includes multiple comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) and EMS agencies.

Methods
The performances of VAN and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥6 for the presence of both emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) alone and ELVO or any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) combined were reported with positive predictive value, sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, and overall accuracy. For subjects with intraparenchymal hemorrhage, volume was calculated based on the ABC/2 formula and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was recorded.

Results

Both VAN and NIHSS ≥6 were significantly associated with ELVO alone and with ELVO or any ICH combined using χ
2
analysis. Overall, hospital NIHSS ≥6 performed better than prehospital VAN based on statistical measures. Of the 34 cases of intraparenchymal hemorrhage, mean±SD hemorrhage volumes were 2.5±4.0 mL for the five VAN-negative cases and 17.5±14.2 mL for the 29 VAN-positive cases.

Conclusions
Our VAN study adds to the published evidence that prehospital EMS scales can be effectively taught and implemented in stroke systems with multiple EMS agencies and CSCs. In addition to ELVO, prehospital scales such as VAN may also serve as an effective ICH bypass tool.
A Prospective Analysis of Intake of Red and Processed Meat in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer among African American Women
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Castro-Webb Nelsy , Gerlovin Hanna , Bethea Traci N. , Li Shanshan , Ruiz-Narváez Edward A. , Rosenberg Lynn , Palmer Julie R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
African Americans have the highest incidence of pancreatic cancer of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. There is evidence that consumption of red or processed meat and foods containing saturated fats may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, but there is limited evidence in African Americans.

Methods:
Utilizing the Black Women's Health Study (1995–2018), we prospectively investigated the associations of red and processed meat and saturated fats with incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 168). A food frequency questionnaire was completed by 52,706 participants in 1995 and 2001. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We observed interactions with age (Pinteraction = 0.01). Thus, results were stratified at age 50 (&lt;50, ≥50).

Results:
Based on 148 cases among women aged ≥50 years, total red meat intake was associated with a 65% increased pancreatic cancer risk (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI, 0.98–2.78; Ptrend = 0.05), primarily due to unprocessed red meat. There was also a nonsignificant association between total saturated fat and pancreatic cancer (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.85; 95% CI, 0.92–3.72; Ptrend = 0.08). Red meat and saturated fat intakes were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in younger women, and there was no association with processed meat in either age group.

Conclusions:
Red meat—specifically, unprocessed red meat—and saturated fat intakes were associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in African-American women aged 50 and older, but not among younger women.

Impact:
The accumulating evidence—including now in African-American women—suggests that diet, a modifiable factor, plays a role in the etiology of pancreatic cancer, suggesting opportunities for prevention.
Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase Renders Prostate Cancer Cells Dependent on CDK9
Authors: Itkonen Harri M. , Poulose Ninu , Steele Rebecca E. , Martin Sara E.S. , Levine Zebulon G. , Duveau Damien Y. , Carelli Ryan , Singh Reema , Urbanucci Alfonso , Loda Massimo , Thomas Craig J. , Mills Ian G. , Walker Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractO-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a nutrient-sensitive glycosyltransferase that is overexpressed in prostate cancer, the most common cancer in males. We recently developed a specific and potent inhibitor targeting this enzyme, and here, we report a synthetic lethality screen using this compound. Our screen identified pan-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor AT7519 as lethal in combination with OGT inhibition. Follow-up chemical and genetic approaches identified CDK9 as the major target for synthetic lethality with OGT inhibition in prostate cancer cells. OGT expression is regulated through retention of the fourth intron in the gene and CDK9 inhibition blunted this regulatory mechanism. CDK9 phosphorylates carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II to promote transcription elongation. We show that OGT inhibition augments effects of CDK9 inhibitors on CTD phosphorylation and general transcription. Finally, the combined inhibition of both OGT and CDK9 blocked growth of organoids derived from patients with metastatic prostate cancer, but had minimal effects on normal prostate spheroids. We report a novel synthetic lethal interaction between inhibitors of OGT and CDK9 that specifically kills prostate cancer cells, but not normal cells. Our study highlights the potential of combining OGT inhibitors with other treatments to exploit cancer-specific vulnerabilities.Implications:The primary contribution of OGT to cell proliferation is unknown, and in this study, we used a compound screen to indicate that OGT and CDK9 collaborate to sustain a cancer cell–specific pro-proliferative program. A better understanding of how OGT and CDK9 cross-talk will refine our understanding of this novel synthetic lethal interaction.
Fusing the Genetic Landscape of Infantile High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Szulzewsky Frank , Cimino Patrick J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Clarke and colleagues define the genetic landscape of infantile cerebral high-grade gliomas, which frequently contain alterations in the MAPK pathway, as well as recurrent gene fusions in receptor tyrosine kinases (ALK, ROS1, MET) and neurotrophic receptor kinases (NTRK1–3). Combining their multi-omic profiling data with functional preclinical and clinical studies, this large multi-institutional study provides strong rationale for future classification and molecular subtype–specific therapeutic management of infantile high-grade glioma.
See related article by Clarke et al., p. 942.
Divergent Roles of miR-3162-3p in Pulmonary Inflammation in Normal and Asthmatic Mice as well as Antagonism of miR-3162-3p in Asthma Treatment
Authors: Liu Juman , Chen Yinhui , Zhang Feng , Peng Xi , Mao Xiaoning , Lu Weihong , Wu Ruijian , Huang Binglong , Bao Yanmin , Ma Lian , Huang Yuge , Zhang Xingliang 
Published: July 2020

MicroRNA (miRNA) mimics or antagomirs hold great promise for asthma treatment compared with glucocorticoids as mainstay therapy for asthma. But the role of miRNA in regulating asthmatic inflammation is largely unclear. We previously reported that miR-3162-3p in the peripheral blood of children with asthma was obviously upregulated compared to that in healthy children. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-3162-3p in pulmonary inflammation in normal and asthmatic mice as well as preliminarily explore the potential of miR-3162-3p antagomir in asthma treatment. A noninvasive whole-body plethysmograph measured airway responsiveness. Both qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miRNA, mRNA, or protein. Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted by platelet counting and Wright’s staining. Inflammatory infiltration and mucus secretion were identified by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. Cytokines in the lungs were detected by ELISA. The miR-3162-3p mimic intraperitoneally administered to normal mice decreased β-catenin levels in the lungs without obviously altering the lung histology and cytokine levels. Antagonizing miR-3162-3p in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice effectively alleviated the typical features of asthma, such as airway hyper­responsiveness, airway inflammation, and Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance, and concomitantly rescued the total and active β-catenin expression. Collectively, we discovered divergent roles of miR-3162-3p in lung inflammation between normal and asthmatic mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of the miR-3162-3p antagomir were comparable to those of glucocorticoid treatment. Our study helped in understanding the contribution of miRNAs to the pathogenesis of asthma.
¿Dar la mano o darle cuello? Construcciones metafóricas con sustantivos corporales.
Authors: Herrera Alma Rocío Guzmán , Paredes María del Refugio Pérez , Maldonado Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

El verbo dar suele combinarse con sustantivos anatómicos para formar expresiones de interpretación metafórica. En este trabajo intentaremos explicar cómo es que dicho verbo puede construirse con estos sustantivos y qué implicaciones semántico-sintácticas acarrea sus resultados construccionales. El propósito es ir más allá del presupuesto de que se trata de metáforas. Intentaremos explicar este fenómeno policonstruccional desde la confluencia de tres modos de aproximación: la lingüística cognoscitiva, la gramática de construcciones y la semántica de marcos. Sostenemos que las expresiones con sustantivos anatómicos provienen de la construcción esquemática del verbo dar, la transferencia, que pasa por un proceso de cambio semántico, pero que conserva algunas de las propiedades de la construcción original.