bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascading effects from plant to soil elucidate how the invasive Amorpha fruticosa L. impacts dry grasslands
Authors: Boscutti Francesco , Pellegrini Elisa , Casolo Valentino , de Nobili Maria , Buccheri Massimo , Alberti Giorgio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuestionsUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions is a central issue in plant ecology. Considering the invasion process, any alteration of the nutrient cycle is of fundamental importance. We hypothesized that the woody N‐fixing invasive Amorpha fruticosa is indirectly depleting plant diversity by altering ecosystem functions of riverine grasslands, thus producing a conspicuous shift in species composition.LocationTemperate lowland riparian areas of northeast Italy.MethodsIn 12 sites, we selected uninvaded, partially invaded, and invaded grasslands (36 plots). In each plot, we performed a vegetation relevé, measured main A. fruticosa growth traits, light transmittance and soil features. We studied the effects of the invasion of A. fruticosa on grassland properties and plant diversity, examining the interactions between soil nutrient cycles, light availability and plant diversity.ResultsIncreased abundance of A. fruticosa affected main soil properties (i.e. increase in soil mineralization and nitrification) and light availability (i.e. decrease in light). The δ15N of soil organic matter was strongly related to A. fruticosa basal area, thus supporting the hypothesis of an increase in soil nitrogen (N) availability due to invasion by the N‐fixer. Plant taxonomical and functional diversity decreased significantly as A. fruticosa cover increased. Plant diversity was more related with N than light availability or soil organic carbon. Similarly, the shift in species composition (i.e. beta diversity) of invaded grasslands was related to increased soil nitrification rates.ConclusionsOur findings show how a nitrogen‐fixing invasive plant such as A. fruticosa may influence the main ecosystem properties, causing cascading effects on soil functions, decreasing plant diversity. Alteration of the N cycle represents the key process involved in this plant invasion, suggesting that further studies should focus on potential solutions to mitigate the soil N supply, curb the invasion and restore plant diversity of these riverine grasslands.
Reading and writing: Narrative motifs of sexual and epistemic violence in Waiting for the Barbarians
Authors: Qassas Raed A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines J. M. Coetzee's deployment of reading and writing as dominant motifs in Waiting for the Barbarians. The narrative diffusion of the two motifs of reading and writing in the novel suggests that the colonial encounter is primarily an epistemic one. Moreover, these two motifs yield images of physical and sexual violence. Bodily torture is equated with writing and interrogation with reading. Even sexuality in the novel becomes interchangeable with textuality, and the body of the nameless native girl is transformed into a site for reading and writing violence and sex. History, which also involves writing and reading, is contested in the novel. In Waiting for the Barbarians, writing the history of the Empire and reading the history of the colonized Other are intractable, dialectic poles. The tension between the two is resolved by a third synthetic, unprejudiced form of writing outside history: Waiting for the Barbarians itself.
Is it necessary to receive radiation for pT3‐4N0 oral cancer without other adverse risk features?
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Chong , Yuan Xiaohong , Wang Zhen , Kim Kyojin , Li Jinzhong , Cheng Aoming , Han Zhengxue , Feng Zhien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the necessity of adjuvant radiotherapy for well‐differentiated pT3‐4aN0M0 OSCC without other negative features histologically.Patients and MethodsThis is a double‐center, ambispective cohort study enrolling 250 patients with well‐differentiated pT3‐4aN0M0 OSCC.ResultsA total of 250 patients were enrolled in the double‐center study, 155(62.0%) men and 95 (38.0%) women, and the mean age was 60.1 ± 11.1 years. T staging was classified as follows: T3 (n = 99, 39.6%) and T4a (n = 151, 60.4%). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the DSS between patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy (72.2%) and those who did not (77.4%) (p = .615). Specifically, no significant difference was found in the DSS of pT3N0M0 or pT4aN0M0 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy compared with those who did not (pT3N0M0: 71.9% vs. 75.8%, p = .993; pT4aN0M0: 72.4% vs. 78.5%, p = .491). The Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that no factor was independent prognostic factor for pT3‐4aN0M0 patients, or pT3N0M0 subgroup or pT4aN0M0 subgroup in DSS. And no independent prognostic factor was found for the surgery‐alone subgroup and adjuvant radiotherapy subgroup.ConclusionsThe results showed that adjuvant radiotherapy did not obviously improve the prognosis of pT3‐4aN0M0 well‐differentiated OSCC without other negative features.
Achieving Adaptive Governance of Forest Wildfire Risk Using Competitive Grants: Insights From the Colorado Wildfire Risk Reduction Grant Program
Authors: Cheng Antony S. , Dale Lisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompetitive grants are increasingly used to induce proactive collaborative action by a range of actors to reduce forest wildfire risks. Given the rigidity of past wildfire risk governance, it is important to assess the adaptability of competitive grants as a new governance approach. Adaptive governance theory is used as a lens to assess the adaptability of the Colorado Wildfire Risk Reduction Grant (WRRG) program, which awards funds to successful applicants to reduce fuel on non‐federal lands at a community scale. Four best practices from the theory were applied: participation of and collaboration among diverse actors; co‐production of knowledge and learning toward adaptive management; cross‐scale interactions and fit between the scale of governance and the scale of the ecological problem; and the capacity for innovation and re‐organization. Using data and information about the WRRG structure and processes, awarded grantees from the first five granting cycles from 2013 to 2016, our direct participation‐observation as part of the Advisory Committee, and results from the WRRG effectiveness monitoring report, we examine the extent to which the WRRG program exhibited adaptive governance attributes. For each adaptive governance attribute, we found evidence of factors facilitating and frustrating adaptiveness of the WRRG program. We situate our findings within the broader context of using competitive grants as a forest wildfire risk governance approach and address additional directions for adaptive governance research.
Tropical pyomyositis: an update
Authors: Shittu Adebayo , Deinhardt‐Emmer Stefanie , Vas Nunes Jonathan , Niemann Silke , Grobusch Martin P. , Schaumburg Frieder 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTropical pyomyositis (TP) is a life‐threatening bacterial infection of the skeletal muscle that occurs particularly among children, young adults and those with immunocompromised conditions. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment are often delayed due to its non‐specific signs, leading to fatal consequences. Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus, is responsible for most TP cases. However, other bacteria (i.e. streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Candida spp., Mycobacterium spp.) have been reported. This narrative review provides an update on the epidemiology and clinical course of TP. A special focus is laid on the role of toxins (i.e. Panton‐Valentine Leucocidin and α‐toxin) in the pathogenesis of TP and their implication for the clinical management of infection.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Oscar William 
Published: March 2020

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 1Alexandra Ingram, University of Tennessee, USAÁlvaro Manzano Redondo, UCJC University, SpainAurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesBlessing Dwumah Manu, Jiangsu University, GhanaBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaBruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira, CEFET-MG, BrazilDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFroilan Delute Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesGraziano Serragiotto, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ItalyIosif Fragkoulis, Hellenic Open University, GreeceLi Li, Bath Spa University, UKMatthew Schatt, University of Florida, USAMurat Tezer, Near East University, CyprusNesrin Ozturk, Ege University, TurkeyRaymond Aaron Younis, ACU Australia, AustraliaSuriadi Samsuri, Institute of Islamic Religion Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas, IndonesiaTeresa Pozo-Rico, University of Alicante, SpainVassilios Papadimitriou, University of Thessaly, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education---------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Light-Emitting Diodes Filament Lamp
Authors: Liu Jie , Zou Jinglong , Liu Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Due to the high efficiency, light-emitting diodes (LED) filament lamps have become more and more popular alternative to the incandescent lamp. However, the heat generated by the LED chips is traditionally dissipated by relying on the natural convection within lamps, resulting in poor heat dissipation performance for LED filament lamps. A numerical simulation model of the typical LED filament lamp was established to simulate and analyze the heat dissipation and airflow phenomenon of LED filament lamps in this study. In addition, increasing lamp sizes, increasing phosphor diameters, and using finned phosphor layers were considered as optimization measures to improve the heat dissipation performance of LED filament lamps. When these optimization measures are applied, chip junction temperatures are reduced. A reduction of 6.9 °C is seen when the lamp radius is increased from 25 mm to 31 mm. When the phosphor diameter is increased to 4 mm from 2 mm, the junction temperature is reduced by 17.2 °C. Integration of a finned phosphor layer where there are 12 fins at a height of 1 mm and thickness of 0.2 mm in the layer decreased the junction temperature by 10.9 °C. These optimization results provide technical support for the design and manufacture of LED filament lamps, and thermal analysis results provide theoretical support for the promotion of these optimization methods.
A Simplified Two-Phase Flow Model for Riser Gas Management With Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids
Authors: Nwaka Nnamdi , Wei Chen , Chen Yuanhang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gas-in-riser events can lead to rapid unloading if not timely controlled in a proper manner. When gas influx enters a wellbore with non-aqueous muds (NAMs), the ability of gas being dissolved in NAMs increases the difficulty in gas kick detection and significantly alters gas migration and unloading behavior from the predictions based on water-based muds (WBMs) assumptions.
In this study, a new mathematical model for riser gas management in NAMs is developed. In this model, the desorption of dissolved gas influx from NAMs is accounted for as an instantaneous process using a solubility-based mass transfer submodel. The effects of surface backpressures and circulation rates on the unloading behavior in both WBMs and NAMs were studied. This model was validated using data obtained from a drift-flux model (DFM) based simulator. Results show that with the same amount of free gas in the risers at the mudline level, the severity of unloading is significantly more severe in the cases of NAMs. Applied backpressure can effectively control the desorption of the gas influx from the mud, and the unloading occurs later and at shallower depth with higher backpressure. The behavior of unloading tends to be independent on the time when backpressures are applied but highly dependent on the magnitude of the backpressure and the circulation rates. The new two-phase model can accurately simulate riser gas kick events utilizing a simplified approach with improved numerical stability, making it more applicable for real-time riser gas management.
Experimental Study of Premixed-Charge Compression Ignition Mode in Low Load Fueled With Butanol Isomers and Diesel Binary Fuels in a Common-Rail Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Zilong , Huang Guan , Jiang Chenxu , Qian Yong , He Zhuoyao , Lu Xingcai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Low NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions are simultaneously attempted to implement via an experimental study on diesel/butanol isomers binary fuels in premixed-charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode. N-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol were blended with diesel in a certain volume ratio of 0.24:0.76, denoted as N24, I24, S24, and T24, respectively. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of binary fuels in PCCI mode decreases slightly than that in direction injection (DI) mode. T24 obtains higher ITE than the other three test fuels with 50% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). NOx formation is certainly inhibited more than 60% in PCCI mode, especially when the EGR rate is 50%. PCCI mode produces more CO, HC, and carbonyl emissions than DI mode to varying degrees; under these circumstances, T24 tends to have the lowest emissions among four test fuels, reflecting the potential of tert-butanol as a diesel alternative fuel. Butanol isomers have a vital contribution on particulate matter emissions inhibition for both PM total number and total mass. Tert-butanol tends to form accumulation mode particle, and n-butanol tends to form nucleation mode mainly caused by molecular structure diversity of isomers. The geometric mean diameter of diesel/butanol isomers increases in PCCI mode compared with that in DI mode.
The Effectiveness of Transdermal Iron Patches in Athletes With Suboptimal Iron Status (Part 1)
Authors: McCormick Rachel , Dawson Brian , Sim Marc , Lester Leanne , Goodman Carmel , Peeling Peter 
Published: March 2020

The authors compared the effectiveness of two modes of daily iron supplementation in athletes with suboptimal iron stores: oral iron (PILL) versus transdermal iron (PATCH). Endurance-trained runners (nine males and 20 females), with serum ferritin concentrations <50 μg/L, supplemented with oral iron or iron patches for 8 weeks, in a parallel group study design. Serum ferritin was measured at baseline and fortnightly intervals. Hemoglobin mass and maximal oxygen consumption () were measured preintervention and postintervention in PATCH. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess the effectiveness of each mode of supplementation on sFer. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess hemoglobin mass and outcomes in PATCH. There was a significant time effect (p < .001), sex effect (p = .013), and Time × Group interaction (p = .009) for sFer. At Week 6, PILL had significantly greater sFer compared with PATCH (15.27 μg/L greater in PILL; p = .019). Serum ferritin was 15.53 μg/L greater overall in males compared with females (p = .013). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin mass (p = .727) or (p = .929) preintervention to postintervention in PATCH. Finally, there were six complaints of severe gastrointestinal side effects in PILL and none in PATCH. Therefore, this study concluded that PILL effectively increased sFer in athletes with suboptimal iron stores, whereas PATCH showed no beneficial effects.
Risk of colorectal cancer in a population-based study 20 years after diagnosis of ulcerative colitis: results from the IBSEN study
Authors: Klepp Pasquale , Brackmann Stephan , Cvancarova Milada , Hoivik Marte Lie , Hovde Øistein , Henriksen Magne , Huppertz-Hauss Gert , Bernklev Tomm , Hoie Ole , Kempski-Monstad Iril , Solberg Inger Camilla , Stray Njaal , Jahnsen Jorgen , Vatn Morten H , Moum Bjorn 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted, although attenuated risk has been reported in recent years. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended with intervals based on established clinical risk factors. Nevertheless, a significant number of patients develop interval cancers, indicating the need of improved individualised assessment. In the present study, we evaluated clinical risk factors associated with CRC during a prescheduled follow-up 20 years after diagnosis, the IBSEN study.DesignA population-based inception cohort of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease from 1 January 1990 until 31 December 1993, prospectively followed at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years after diagnosis. A total of 517 patients with UC were included; 264 (51 %) men; median age at inclusion 37.4 years (4–88).ResultsThe overall incidence of CRC was 1.6% (8/517) at a 20-year follow-up. The total lifetime risk of CRC prior to or after UC diagnosis was 2.3%. (12/517). Patients older than 70 years at diagnosis had a 15-fold higher risk of CRC compared with those diagnosed when younger than 40 years, with HR 15.68 (95% CI: 1.31 to 187.92). Neither sex, first-degree relative with CRC, extent of colitis nor primary sclerosing cholangitis affected the risk of CRC.ConclusionThe risk of CRC in UC was low and comparable with the risk of CRC in the background population of Norway.
Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
Authors: Bohadana Abraham , Azulai Hava , Jarjoui Amir , Kalak George , Izbicki Gabriel 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIn contrast with the technical progress of the stethoscope, lung sound terminology has remained confused, weakening the usefulness of auscultation. We examined how observer preferences regarding terminology and auscultatory skill influenced the choice of terms used to describe lung sounds.MethodsThirty-one staff physicians (SP), 65 residents (R) and 47 medical students (MS) spontaneously described the audio recordings of 5 lung sounds classified acoustically as: (1) normal breath sound; (2) wheezes; (3) crackles; (4) stridor and (5) pleural friction rub. A rating was considered correct if a correct term or synonym was used to describe it (term use ascribed to preference). The use of any incorrect terms was ascribed to deficient auscultatory skill.ResultsRates of correct sound identification were: (i) normal breath sound: SP=21.4%; R=11.6%; MS=17.1%; (ii) wheezes: SP=82.8%; R=85.2%; MS=86.4%; (iii) crackles: SP=63%; R=68.5%; MS=70.7%; (iv) stridor: SP=92.8%; R=90%; MS=72.1% and (v) pleural friction rub: SP=35.7%; R=6.2%; MS=3.2%. The 3 groups used 66 descriptive terms: 17 were ascribed to preferences regarding terminology, and 49 to deficient auscultatory skill. Three-group agreement on use of a term occurred on 107 occasions: 70 involved correct terms (65.4%) and 37 (34.6%) incorrect ones. Rate of use of recommended terms, rather than accepted synonyms, was 100% for the wheezes and the stridor, 55% for the normal breath sound, 22% for the crackles and 14% for the pleural friction rub.ConclusionsThe observers’ ability to describe lung sounds was high for the wheezes and the stridor, fair for the crackles and poor for the normal breath sound and the pleural friction rub. Lack of auscultatory skill largely surpassed observer preference as a factor determining the choice of terminology. Wide dissemination of educational programs on lung auscultation (eg, self-learning via computer-assisted learning tools) is urgently needed to promote use of standardised lung sound terminology.
Abnormal expression of p-ATM/CHK2 in nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, is correlated with poor prognosis
Authors: Ye Qiurong , Chen Huiling , Wen Zonghua , Guo Wenwen , Huang Yongta , Mo Xianglan 
Published: March 2020

AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins in nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL).MethodsThe expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins were assessed with a cell cycle antibody array and validated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between the expression levels of proteins and clinical outcomes of patients with nasal ENKTCL were evaluated.ResultsThe expression of full length ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in nasal ENKTCL significantly decreased compared with that in nasal benign lymphoid proliferative disease (NBLPD), but the expression levels of p-ATM, CHK2 and RAD51 significantly increased in nasal ENKTCL compared with that in NBLPD. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression levels of p-ATM and CHK2 in nasal ENKTCL were inversely related to overall survival (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively).ConclusionAbnormalities in the ATM pathway may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance of nasal ENKTCL.
Review of pathology and cost benefit analysis of hernia sacs processed over a 19-year period
Authors: Kazerouni Arshia , Nowak Klaudia M , Serra Stefano , Vajpeyi Rajkumar , Chieu Kenny , Chetty Runjan 
Published: March 2020

AimHernia sacs with pathological evaluation over a 19-year period were analysed with regards to pathological diagnoses, full costing and the impact on patient management.Materials and methodsThe database of the Department of Pathology were searched over the study period (2001 to 2019 inclusive) for hernia sacs. The total cost of complete pathology examination was calculated on average numbers and rates of pay that existed over the study period.ResultsA total of 3619 hernia sacs from the abdominal, hiatus/diaphragmatic, inguinal and femoral hernias were retrieved. Of these 3592 cases (99.25%) had sections taken for histological evaluation. A total of 3437 cases representing 95.7% of all hernia sacs did not show any pathological abnormality. If non-neoplastic clinically insignificant lesions seen in hernia sacs is included, then 3552 of 3592 (98.9%) hernia sacs underwent full pathological evaluation for no patient benefit.On average two blocks or tissue sections per case were processed incurring a technical cost of $53 175.00. The total pathologist cost in reporting the 3592 cases was approximately $39 870.00 and rose to $40 410.00 when interpretation of ancillary tests was factored in. $95 328.90 (average $26.90 per specimen with a yearly average total cost of $5 017.31) was spent over the 19-year period in full pathological examination of 3592 hernia sacs.ConclusionGiven the low return on investment and the difficult to quantify time savings and reallocation, we do not advocate the routine sampling of hernia sacs. Gross examination will suffice in 99% of the cases. Selective cases may be sampled if clinically indicated.