bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics lost in translation: the African concept of time as a method to understand African conflicts
Authors: Magdy Ramy 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore John Mbiti’s concept of African time in line with the studies on the crisis of the post-independence African state. Then, how this concept offers new analytical spaces for understanding the modern nation-states inconveniences in African contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyses the Mbitian African concept of time in light of the works on post-independence African state and communalism.

Findings
By using the Mbitian concept of time politically after explaining African communalism and African concepts of personhood and destiny, the paper reached a conclusion. This conclusion claims that due to the highly existential nature of the African concept of destiny and the past-oriented feature of the African concept of time, Africans cannot be restrained by any supernatural claim or any futuristic promises that are irrelevant to their context and cut from the communal values of ancestral past. Africans do not think supernaturally or bet for the future. However, those futuristic and supernatural claims that cannot restrain the African subjectivity – ironically – characterize the modern nation state with its “progress orientation” and “social-contract” metaphysics. Unfortunately, this radical difference in perceptions between the past-oriented African temporality and the future-oriented modern state temporality rendered the post-independence. African state dysfunctional and unable to operate as a medium for authority. This, consequently, opened the door for informal conflict and strife.

Originality/value
The paper is novel with regard to offering a new theory on the conceptual problems of the nation state in African contexts.
An appreciation of Arie de Geus’ contribution to the learning organization
Authors: Robinson Graham 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to locate its appreciation of the life and work of Arie de Geus within the context of developments in approaches to management practice, education and learning since the Second World War. It emphasizes the important influence of top management-led applications of social science (Beckhard) and the impact of crises upon planning and the generation of memories of the future for effective organizational learning. The paper also describes the roles of learning from experience and of reflective practice in shaping de Geus’ contribution.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach traces the development of de Geus' career and thinking from Shell cost accountant, to top line manager in three continents, to Head of Shell Group Planning, to prize winning author, to global adviser to the World bank, etc., and as an inspirational speaker as champion of the learning organization.

Findings
The paper acknowledges Arie de Geus as coining the phrase “The Learning Organization” together with his role in the foundation and development of the Society for Organizational Learning (SOL) and as an international champion of young people's learning through the processes of the Finnish Team Academy model.

Social implications
Arie de Geus was an exemplar of reflective practice and applied learning. As such, his contribution might be considered as that of a sage rather than as a guru.

Originality/value
The paper endeavours to emphasize the importance of the role of both the internal and external contexts for effective organizational learning, suggesting that the contribution of Arie de Geus to the field exemplifies this importance.
Tax Loss Carryovers in a Competitive Environment*
Authors: De Waegenaere Anja , Sansing Richard , Wielhouwer Jacco L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe fact that incumbent firms can immediately deduct research and development (R&D) investments from taxable income is generally believed to give them a strategic advantage over new firms that cannot deduct the investment cost, but instead generate a net operating tax loss carryover. Using an analytical model, we show that this conventional wisdom need not hold in a competitive environment. We examine operating and investment decisions in a duopolistic industry in which an initial investment in R&D yields an immediate tax benefit for one firm, but creates a net operating loss carryover for the other firm. If both firms invest in R&D, the firm with the net operating loss carryover makes more aggressive capital investment decisions following successful R&D. This may deter the incumbent firm from investing in R&D despite the lower aftertax costs of this investment. Changing the tax loss carryover rules would thus not only affects start‐up or loss firms, but would also affect the investment decisions of profitable firms in the same industry.
Numerical modeling and simulations of type B aortic dissection treated by stent‐grafts with different oversizing ratios
Authors: Meng Zhuangyuan , Ma Tao , Cai Yunhan , Liu Xudong , Wang Shengzhang , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRetrograde type A dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair has been a major drawback of endovascular treatment. This study investigated the biomechanical mechanism of stent‐graft‐induced new lesions after implantation and analyzed the relationship between radial force and spring‐back force of the stent‐graft when it was implanted virtually under different oversizing ratios. Based on the computed tomography angiography images, a three‐dimensional geometric model of a patient‐specific aortic dissection was established. The stent was designed in CAD software and the stent‐graft implantation procedure under different oversizing ratios was simulated in the finite element analysis software. Implantation simulations were performed six times for each stent‐graft model under 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% oversizing ratios and the peak stress of the aorta was compared among groups. It was observed that the peak stress of the aorta was located where the proximal bare stent interacted with aortic wall and its value was increased by 62.2% from 0% to 15% oversizing ratio. The conclusions are reached that the long‐term higher stress in the aortic wall may lead to the emergence of new lesions in these areas, and the radial force plays a key role in the formation of a new entry in the real aorta model.
The pharmacotherapy team: A novel strategy to improve appropriate in‐hospital prescribing using a participatory intervention action method
Authors: Mahomedradja Rashudy F. , Sigaloff Kim C.E. , Bekema Jessica K. , Dekker Marieke J.H.J. , Brinkman David J. , Kuijvenhoven Marianne A. , van Beneden Marlou L.H. , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , Tichelaar Jelle , van Agtmael Michiel A. 
Published: June 2020

AimsPrescribing medication is a complex process that, when done inappropriately, can lead to adverse drug events, resulting in patient harm and hospital admissions. Worldwide cost is estimated at 42 billion USD each year. Despite several efforts in the past years, medication‐related harm has not declined. The aim was to determine whether a prescriber‐focussed participatory action intervention, initiated by a multidisciplinary pharmacotherapy team, is able to reduce the number of in‐hospital prescriptions containing ≥1 prescribing error (PE), by identifying and reducing challenges in appropriate prescribing.MethodsA prospective single‐centre before‐ and after study was conducted in an academic hospital in the Netherlands. Twelve clinical wards (medical, surgical, mixed and paediatric) were recruited.ResultsOverall, 321 patients with a total of 2978 prescriptions at baseline were compared with 201 patients with 2438 prescriptions postintervention. Of these, m456 prescriptions contained ≥1 PE (15.3%) at baseline and 357 prescriptions contained ≥1 PEs (14.6%) postintervention. PEs were determined in multidisciplinary consensus. On some study wards, a trend toward a decreasing number of PEs was observed. The intervention was associated with a nonsignificant difference in PEs (incidence rate ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.10), which was unaltered after correction. The most important identified challenges were insufficient knowledge beyond own expertise, unawareness of guidelines and a heavy workload.ConclusionThe tailored interventions developed with and implemented by stakeholders led to a statistically nonsignificant reduction in inappropriate in‐hospital prescribing after a 6‐month intervention period. Our prescriber‐focussed participatory action intervention identified challenges in appropriate in‐hospital prescribing on prescriber‐ and organizational level.
Not all prostate cancer is the same – patient perceptions: an Asia‐Pacific region study
Authors: Akakura Koichiro , Bolton Damien , Grillo Vince , Mermod Naomi 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of patients living with different stages of prostate cancer across the Asia‐Pacific (APAC) region, as while extensive quantitative research has been undertaken into outcomes of treatments for prostate cancer, little in the way of qualitative research has been performed looking at subjective perceptions of patients in regard to their perceived deficits in the treatment of this condition and such research is particularly lacking in reference to the APAC region.Patients and methodsInitial 45‐min qualitative research interrogatory interviews were conducted with 12 patients from Australia, China and Japan to identify themes that were significant to patients in the management of prostate cancer. Thereafter, 150 patients with different stages of prostate cancer underwent 30‐min online (Australia) or computer‐assisted/personal interviews categorised on the five key themes identified, in order to more fully clarify the nature of patient perceptions of how their prostate cancer had been treated and the issues they felt could be more fully addressed in order to improve the management of this condition.ResultsInterviews indicated common challenges and unmet needs among patients, including: (i) patients’ feelings and emotional state change during their disease journey, (ii) patients lack of knowledge about prostate cancer and disease progression prior to diagnosis, (iii) patients felt shared decision‐making was uncommon, (iv) patients have misperceptions about surgery, and (v) patients have unmet needs for greater information and support to manage their condition.ConclusionsThese patient perceptions of unmet needs in prostate cancer management stand in contrast to patient awareness of other common diseases such as heart failure and diabetes. Such unmet needs vary across disease stages and between different nationalities. Patients with prostate cancer in the APAC region appear to have gaps in knowledge about their disease and wish for greater information, support and public awareness about prostate cancer.
Systematic profiling of alternative splicing signature reveals prognostic predictor for prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Jiyu , Chang Luchen , Gu Xianen , Liu Jia , Sun Bei , Wei Xi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) provides the primary mechanism for producing protein diversity. There is growing evidence that AS is involved in the development and progression of cancers. The rapid accumulation of high‐throughput sequencing technologies and clinical data sets offers an opportunity to systematically profile the relationship between mRNA variants and clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of AS in prostate cancer: Download RNA‐seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Evaluate RNA splicing patterns by SpliceSeq and calculate splicing percentage (PSI) values. Different expressions were identified as differently expressed AS events (DEAs) based on PSI values. Bioinformatics methods were used for further analysis of DEAs and their splicing networks. Kaplan‐Meier, Cox proportional regression, and unsupervised cluster analysis were used to assess the correlation between DEAs and clinical characteristics. In total, 43 834 AS events were identified, of which 1628 AS events were differentially expressed. The parental genes of these DEAs played a significant role in the regulation of prostate cancer‐related processes. In total, 226 DEAs events were found to be associated with disease‐free survival. Four clusters of molecules with different survival modes were revealed by unsupervised cluster analysis of DEAs. AS events may be important determinants of prognosis and bio‐modulation in prostate cancer. In this study, we established strong prognostic predictors, discovered a splicing network that may be a potential mechanism, and provided further validated therapeutic targets.
Identifying a Typology of Emerging Adult Romantic Relationships: Implications for Relationship Education
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Jamison Tyler B. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveOur objective was to use multiple romantic relationship dimensions to identify a typology of emerging adult romantic relationships.BackgroundEmerging adult romantic relationships vary in terms of their relational dynamics, emotional and physical intimacy, and commitment. Understanding the diversity in emerging adult romantic relationships is crucial for developing effective relationship education for emerging adults as they make decisions about their romantic partnerships.MethodUsing data from 396 romantically involved but unmarried emerging adults, we used cluster analysis to identify a typology of romantic relationships based on relational dynamics (i.e., warmth and support and negative interactions), relationship duration, consolidation (i.e., number of nights and percentage of free time spent together), and commitment (i.e., likelihood of marrying partner).ResultsThe results indicated five types of relationships: (a) happily consolidated (30.8%), (b) happily independent (18.9%), (c) exploratory (17.9%), (d) stuck (23.0%), and (e) high intensity (9.3%). Demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, current cohabitation, and cycling within the current relationship varied between the relationship types.ConclusionsThere appear to be meaningful and important variations among the types of romantic relationships that emerging adults pursue. The associations between relationship type and well‐being depends on the interplay between relational dynamics, consolidation, and commitment.ImplicationsIndividuals in different types of relationships may require targeted interventions to help them move out of problematic relationships or to help them build skills for developing and maintaining relationship quality. Suggestions for each type of relationship are provided.
How One Company Drives Ownership Behavior to Innovate and Create Shareholder Value: The Case of Varian Medical Systems
Authors: Bruff J. Michael , Karame Marwaan 
Published: June 2020

For the past 70 years, Varian Medical Systems has helped lead the fight against cancer by developing new and more effective cancer treatments and is today's market leader in radiation therapy, treating over four million cancer patients last year. From its founding in 1948, Varian's competitive advantage has been seen as deriving from its “culture of innovation“—a culture that has been fueled by significant investment in research and development. But after a long run of innovation that extended Varian's therapeutic reach and resulted in strong growth, the company's shareholder returns began to sag. And as a number of analysts noted, the stagnation of the share price appears to have been highly correlated with a slowdown in the company's release of new, innovative products.To help steer the company back toward the success of its old ways, Varian's management put in place a new measure of periodic corporate operating performance that helped management gain more insight into the most promising areas for allocating resources and investment in different business lines and regions. The intent behind adopting this new measure, which also became the basis for the incentive pay of the company's executive team, was to restore and reinforce the company's high‐investment strategy while instilling strong discipline for earning market returns on those investments and, at the same time, meeting the short‐term demands of quarterly earnings (EPS) targets.In this article, the company's CFO and one of the company's advisors describe the thinking behind, the actual implementation of, and the early returns derived from Varian's adoption of a new performance measurement and reward system. The effects go beyond those normally associated with adopting a “merely financial” measure, including a reinvigoration of ownership spirit and a much admired corporate culture of innovation and growth.
Increased expression of in situ IL‐31RA and circulating CXCL8 and CCL2 in pemphigus herpetiformis suggests participation of the IL‐31 family in the pathogenesis of the disease
Authors: Morais K.L. , Miyamoto D. , Orfali R.L. , Maruta C.W. , Santi C.G. , Sotto M.N. , da Silva L.F.F. , Branco A.C.C.C , Sato M.N. , Aoki V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is a rare clinical subtype of pemphigus with the presence of urticarial plaques, severe pruritus, rare acantholysis and eosinophilic spongiosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IL‐31 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the pathogenesis of PH.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with PH and three groups: pemphigus foliaceus (PF = 14), pemphigus vulgaris (PV = 15) and healthy controls (HC = 20) were selected for this study. The groups were analysed by immunohistochemistry utilizing IL‐31, IL‐31RA, IL‐4, IL‐17 and TNF‐α antibodies. Serum levels of IL‐4, IL‐13, TNF, CXCL8, CCL5 and CCL2 were evaluated by cytometric bead array.ResultsAnalysis of IL‐31 family of PH patients revealed the following findings: (i) Enhanced in situ expression of IL‐31 in PH samples, compared to PF and to PV (epidermis); (ii) Cutaneous IL‐31RA expression in PH samples was higher than in PF, PV and HC groups (epidermis and dermis); (iii) PF patients that evolved to PH showed significant increased IL‐31RA epidermal expression during the PH phase. Profile of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐17 and TNF‐α) in PH patients’ skin exhibited: (i) Enhanced IL‐4 expression, when compared to patients with PF (epidermis and dermis) and with PV (epidermis); (ii) Augmented IL‐17 expression than PF and PV patients (epidermis); (iii) Augmented expression of TNF‐α when compared to PF at the epidermal level. Evaluation of circulating cytokines and chemokines showed higher levels of CXCL8 and CCL2 in PH sera compared to HC group.ConclusionsIL‐31 and IL‐31RA, cytokines related to pruritus, and pro‐inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8 and CCL2) seem to exert a role in the pathogenesis of PH. These findings support future studies to clarify the role of IL‐31 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for patients with PH.
Minimally invasive procedures for deficient interdental papillae: A review
Authors: Zhang Yiding , Hong Guang , Zhang Yifan , Sasaki Keiichi , Wu Hongkun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveDeficient interdental papillae cause a series of problems, including food impaction, phonetic difficulties, and esthetic concerns. The purpose of this article is to provide valid clinical recommendations for clinicians to address these problems in a predictable and less invasive way.OverviewNumerous treatments are available for interdental papillae reconstruction, but most of them involve surgery and yield unpredictable outcomes. Minimally invasive treatments have the advantages of being effective, predictable, and involving only slight injury as compared to surgical treatments. We included 66 studies obtained after searching for relevant papers in PubMed and Web of Science. The etiology and classification of deficient interdental papillae are explained and minimally invasive procedures for deficient interdental papillae reconstruction are summarized.ConclusionsMinimally invasive procedures are promising ways to reconstruct deficient interdental papillae, and have the advantages of slight pain and rapid recovery. It should be noticed that some of the minimally invasive treatments still require further long‐term observation to confirm their efficacy.Clinical significanceFamiliarity with etiology and classification of deficient interdental papillae can help clinicians to choose the appropriate minimally invasive approach as well as help with case collection to enhance esthetics status in patients with deficient interdental papillae.
First record of the opal chimaera, Chimaera opalescens (Holocephali: Chimaeridae) and revision of the occurrence of the rabbitfish Chimaera monstrosa in the Azores waters
Authors: Catarino Diana , Jakobsen Kirsten , Jakobsen Joachim , Giacomello Eva , Menezes Gui M. , Diogo Hugo , Canha Ângela , Porteiro Filipe M. , Melo Octávio , Stefanni Sergio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe presence of the opal chimaera, Chimaera opalescens, is reported for the first time in the deep waters of the Azores, with the capture of four specimens by fishermen and the video recording of an additional five individuals. Species identification was supported by the 646 bp sequenced fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Because C. opalescens is a recently recognised species that had been recurrently misidentified as rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa, the historical data of C. monstrosa in the Azores were reviewed to assess the possible presence of both Chimaera species in the region. Although several authors have reported the occurrence of C. monstrosa in the Azorean waters since the 1800s, the majority of these are based on only three specimens caught during the late 1800s. The investigation performed using literature and examination of the museum specimens still available concluded that the most likely scenario is that C. monstrosa is absent from the Azores and past records of that species in the region are most likely misidentifications of C. opalescens.
Catching Air: Risk and Embodied Ocean Health among Dominican Diver Fishermen
Authors: Mallon Andrews Kyrstin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the connections between bodily health and environmental health among diver fishermen in the Dominican Republic, and how these relationships are excluded from broader conversations about marine conservation at the national and global levels. As changing ocean environments refigure marine ecosystems, making fish scarce in the shallows, diver fishermen must dive deeper and stay longer in risky conditions, using a compressor to pump an unlimited supply of air to the diver below. As a result, decompression sickness (the bends) has become a pervasive injury and a way that coastal communities experience changing ocean health. The article analyzes injury narratives from divers who “caught air,” the local term for the bends, arguing that decompression sickness is a symptom of failing ecologies and strained human relations with the sea, where environments at risk become embodied through parallel risky practices at sea.