bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular elevation of insulin receptor signaling improves memory recall in aged Fischer 344 rats
Authors: Frazier Hilaree N. , Anderson Katie L. , Ghoweri Adam O. , Lin Ruei-Lung , Hawkinson Tara R. , Popa Gabriel J. , Sompol Pradoldej , Mendenhall Michael D. , Norris Christopher M. , Thibault Olivier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs demonstrated by increased hippocampal insulin receptor density following learning in animal models and decreased insulin signaling, receptor density, and memory decline in aging and Alzheimer's diseases, numerous studies have emphasized the importance of insulin in learning and memory processes. This has been further supported by work showing that intranasal delivery of insulin can enhance insulin receptor signaling, alter cerebral blood flow, and improve memory recall. Additionally, inhibition of insulin receptor function or expression using molecular techniques has been associated with reduced learning. Here, we sought a different approach to increase insulin receptor activity without the need for administering the ligand. A constitutively active, modified human insulin receptor (IRβ) was delivered to the hippocampus of young (2 months) and aged (18 months) male Fischer 344 rats in vivo. The impact of increasing hippocampal insulin receptor expression was investigated using several outcome measures, including Morris water maze and ambulatory gait performance, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western immunoblotting. In aged animals, the IRβ construct was associated with enhanced performance on the Morris water maze task, suggesting that this receptor was able to improve memory recall. Additionally, in both age‐groups, a reduced stride length was noted in IRβ‐treated animals along with elevated hippocampal insulin receptor levels. These results provide new insights into the potential impact of increasing neuronal insulin signaling in the hippocampus of aged animals and support the efficacy of molecularly elevating insulin receptor activity in vivo in the absence of the ligand to directly study this process.
Exercise‐induced ventricular tachycardia in a case with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy taking cibenzoline
Authors: Shiohira Shinya , Kawabata Mihoko , Goya Masahiko , Maeda Shingo , Sasano Tetsuo , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a 17‐year‐old woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) successfully resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation while taking cibenzoline. During exercise–stress testing before implanting an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator, ventricular tachycardia was induced and thought to be a proarrhythmia due to the use‐dependent effect of the Na channel blockade with cibenzoline. In patients with arrhythmogenic substrates such as HCM, it is critical to pay attention to the proarrhythmic effects of class I antiarrhythmic drugs while increasing heart rate.
Native plant community recovery after Carpobrotus (ice plant) removal on an island — results of a 10‐year project
Authors: Buisson Elise , Braschi Julie , Chenot‐Lescure Julie , Hess Manon Célia Morgane , Vidaller Christel , Pavon Daniel , Ramone Hervé , Amy‐Krebs Elise , Cottaz Cyril , Passetti Aurélie , Aboucaya Annie , Affre Laurence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuestionSpecies of the genus Carpobrotus, or ice plant, are succulent mat‐forming perennial herbs often introduced for soil stabilization. They are common in coastal environments and may thus threaten island biodiversity. While their effects are well known on soils, plant communities and associated fauna, the effects of Carpobrotus control on vegetation recovery are poorly documented. The aim of the paper is to describe plant community trajectories after Carpobrotus removal.LocationBagaud: a 58‐ha Mediterranean island, southern France.MethodsCarpobrotus and its litter were removed in 2011–2012. Follow‐up controls of germinations and resprouts were carried out from then on. Plant communities were surveyed every year two years before and seven years after Carpobrotus removal: on two ca. 0.5‐ha sites (one coastal and one inland) and in three native plant communities used as potential references. Differences in resprouts, vegetation parameters, and Bray–Curtis similarity indices between years were tested. Plant community dynamics was studied through a non‐metric multidimensional scaling and two recovery indices.ResultsThe removal of Carpobrotus and its litter led to the recovery of diverse native plant communities. To prevent Carpobrotus return and ensure success, follow‐up controls were necessary for a period of at least seven years, but the amount of work decreased with time. The plant community recovering on the coastal site quickly reached a composition and structure similar to that of non‐invaded coastal vegetation, although some slow‐growing native species remain underrepresented (e.g., Crithmum maritimum and Limonium pseudominutum). The plant community recovering on the inland site was still very different from the surrounding matorral vegetation because of its slow colonization dynamics, particularly in the presence of competitive herbaceous species.ConclusionBoth sites now provide diverse native plant communities with a more diversified composition and structure (plant heights, litter, bare ground patches) than the plant communities which used to be associated with Carpobrotus mats.
Identification of a unique anti-Ro60 subset with restricted serological and molecular profiles
Authors: Lee A Y S , Beroukas D , Brown L , Lucchesi C , Kaur A , Gyedu L , Hughes N , Ng Y H , Saran O , Gordon T P , Wang J J 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAnti-Ro60 is one of the most common and clinically important serum autoantibodies that has a number of diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Most diagnostic laboratories report this simply as a qualitative positive/negative result. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological relevance of a novel subset of anti-Ro60 in patients who display low levels of anti-Ro60 (anti-Ro60low). We retrospectively identified anti-Ro60 sera during a 12-month period at a major immunopathology diagnostic laboratory in Australia. These all were anti-Ro60-precipitin-positive on the diagnostic gold standard counter-immuno-electrophoresis (CIEP). Lineblot immunoassay was used to stratify patients into either anti-Ro60low or anti-Ro60high subsets. We compared the medical and laboratory parameters associated with each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyse the serological and molecular basis behind the two subsets. Anti-Ro60low patients displayed less serological activity than anti-Ro60high patients with less intermolecular spreading, hypergammaglobulinaemia and less tendency to undergo anti-Ro60 isotype-switching than anti-Ro60high patients. Mass spectrometric typing of the anti-Ro60low subset showed restricted variable heavy chain subfamily usage and amino acid point mutations. This subset also displayed clinical relevance, being present in a number of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). We identify a novel anti-Ro60low patient subset that is distinct from anti-Ro60high patients serologically and molecularly. It is not clear whether they arise from common or separate origins; however, they probably have different developmental pathways to account for the stark difference in immunological maturity. We hence demonstrate significance to anti-Ro60low and justify accurate detection in the diagnostic laboratory.
Two cases of adenodermatofibroma
Authors: Leiphart Paul , Chu Christopher , Helm Klaus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDermatofibromas (DF) are common skin lesions composed of a dermal proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes. Among the variants of DFs, adenodermatofibroma are characterized by a dense proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes admixed with entrapped dilated glandular structures. We report two additional cases of adenodermatofibromas, review the literature, theorize on the histopathogenesis of this variant, and suggest that there are different patterns among adenodermatofibromas, from primarily cystic to primarily glandular.
C‐low threshold mechanoafferent targeted dynamic touch modulates stress resilience in rats exposed to chronic mild stress
Authors: Walker Susannah C. , Cavieres Antonia , Peñaloza‐Sancho Valentín , El‐Deredy Wael , McGlone Francis P. , Dagnino‐Subiabre Alexies 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAffiliative tactile interactions buffer social mammals against neurobiological and behavioral effects of stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the cutaneous mechanisms underlying such beneficial consequences of touch by determining whether daily stroking, specifically targeted to activate a velocity/force tuned class of low‐threshold c‐fiber mechanoreceptor (CLTM), confers resilience against established markers of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 2 weeks of CMS. Throughout the CMS protocol, some rats were stroked daily, either at CLTM optimal velocity (5 cm/s) or outside the CLTM optimal range (30 cm/s). A third CMS exposed group did not receive any tactile stimulation. The effect of CMS on serum corticosterone levels, anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviors in these three groups was assessed in comparison to a control group of non‐CMS exposed rats. While stroking did not mitigate the effects of CMS on body weight gain, CLTM optimal velocity stroking did significantly reduce CMS‐induced elevations in corticosterone following an acute forced‐swim. Rats receiving CLTM optimal stroking also showed significantly fewer anxiety‐like behaviors (elevated plus‐maze) than the other CMS exposed rats. In terms of depressive‐like behavior, whereas the same velocity‐specific resilience was observed in a forced‐swim test and social interaction test both groups of stroked rats spent significantly less time interacting than control rats, though they also spent significantly less time in the corner than non‐stroked CMS rats. Together, these findings support the theory CLTMs play a functional role in regulating the physiological condition of the body.
Maintenance of variation in virulence and reproduction in populations of an agricultural plant pathogen
Authors: Dutta Anik , Croll Daniel , McDonald Bruce A. , Barrett Luke G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic diversity within pathogen populations is critically important for predicting pathogen evolution, disease outcomes and prevalence. However, we lack a good understanding of the processes maintaining genetic variation and constraints on pathogen life‐history evolution. Here, we analysed interactions between 12 wheat host genotypes and 145 strains of Zymoseptoria tritici from five global populations to investigate the evolution and maintenance of variation in pathogen virulence and reproduction. We found a strong positive correlation between virulence (amount of leaf necrosis) and reproduction (pycnidia density within lesions), with substantial variation in both traits maintained within populations. On average, highly virulent isolates exhibited higher reproduction, which might increase transmission potential in agricultural fields planted to homogeneous hosts at a high density. We further showed that pathogen strains with a narrow host range (i.e. specialists) for reproduction were on average less virulent, and those with a broader host range (i.e. generalists) were on average less fecund on a given specific host. These costs associated with adaptation to different host genotypes might constrain the emergence of generalists by disrupting the directional evolution of virulence and fecundity. We conclude that selection favouring pathogen strains that are virulent across diverse hosts, coupled with selection that maximizes fecundity on specific hosts, may explain the maintenance of these pathogenicity traits within and among populations.
Ethiopian indigenous goats offer insights into past and recent demographic dynamics and local adaptation in sub‐Saharan African goats
Authors: Tarekegn Getinet M. , Khayatzadeh Negar , Liu Bin , Osama Sarah , Haile Aynalem , Rischkowsky Barbara , Zhang Wenguang , Tesfaye Kassahun , Dessie Tadelle , Mwai Okeyo A. , Djikeng Appolinaire , Mwacharo Joram M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKnowledge on how adaptive evolution and human socio‐cultural and economic interests shaped livestock genomes particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa remains limited. Ethiopia is in a geographic region that has been critical in the history of African agriculture with ancient and diverse human ethnicity and bio‐climatic conditions. Using 52K genome‐wide data analysed in 646 individuals from 13 Ethiopian indigenous goat populations, we observed high levels of genetic variation. Although runs of homozygosity (ROH) were ubiquitous genome‐wide, there were clear differences in patterns of ROH length and abundance and in effective population sizes illustrating differences in genome homozygosity, evolutionary history, and management. Phylogenetic analysis incorporating patterns of genetic differentiation and gene flow with ancestry modelling highlighted past and recent intermixing and possible two deep ancient genetic ancestries that could have been brought by humans with the first introduction of goats in Africa. We observed four strong selection signatures that were specific to Arsi‐Bale and Nubian goats. These signatures overlapped genomic regions with genes associated with morphological, adaptation, reproduction and production traits due possibly to selection under environmental constraints and/or human preferences. The regions also overlapped uncharacterized genes, calling for a comprehensive annotation of the goat genome. Our results provide insights into mechanisms leading to genome variation and differentiation in sub‐Saharan Africa indigenous goats.
The political cost of public–private partnerships: Theory and evidence from Colombian infrastructure development
Authors: Angulo Amaya Maria Camila , Bertelli Anthony Michael , Woodhouse Eleanor Florence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfrastructure public–private partnerships (PPPs) eschew traditional public management to provide distributive goods worldwide. Yet, in Colombia, the context of our study, both the promise of and voters' experience with PPPs hinder incumbent parties in elections when theories of distributive politics expect otherwise. We argue that negative experiences with PPPs introduce a sociotropic turn in individual voting: bad experience crowds out the possibility that promising a new project will improve a voter's own welfare. Studying what are, to our knowledge, all 109 Colombian PPP projects between 1998 and 2014, and over 8,700 individual survey responses, our evidence shows that vote intention for the incumbent executive or his party decreases as experience with more PPPs in respondents' districts increases. Our analysis and results introduce an important agenda for research into the political significance of these legacies of new public management.
On the Fringes of Social Protection: New Southern European Labour Migration to Germany
Authors: Castellani Simone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe last economic recession has exposed significant differences among EU countries revealing strong core–periphery dynamics. Freedom of movement in the EU has represented an opportunity for workers from peripheral countries to find better employment opportunities in the core countries. However, the mobility of EU workers has been questioned and “welfare chauvinism” has become stronger in most EU countries. Drawing from two extensive studies driven by a qualitative–ethnographic methodology with Southern EU citizens who moved to Germany for working reasons since 2008, this paper aims to inquire whether the legal status of European citizens is still a guarantee of social protection for these people by itself. Findings show the magnitude of Southern EU migrants entering the lower part of the German labour market and how they experience increasing difficulties accessing welfare coverage. Despite that, these migrants do not accept passively these welfare exclusions and adopt transnational tactics for achieving social protection.
Comparison of Arteriolar Blood Flow in the Hamster Cheek Pouch at Two Different Oxygen Tensions
Authors: Svensjö E. , Tuma R. F. , Arfors K.‐E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSvensjö, E., R. F. Tuma and K.‐E. Arfors. Comparison of arteriolar blood flow in the hamster cheek pouch at two different oxygen tensions. Acta physiol. scand. 1977. 100. 404‐411.Red cell velocity and diameter were measured in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch microvasculature. The cheek pouch tissue was exposed to two different oxygen tensions, PO2 <30 mmHg and PO2 > 150 mmHg. Blood flow was calculated from velocity and diameter measurements and was found to be significantly reduced (44%) when cheek pouch was exposed to room oxygen superfusant. This reduction was the combined result of a significant decrease in both diameter (17%) and red cell velocity (17%) as compared to the measurements during the initial low oxygen period.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF p53 AND PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN (PCNA) IN BLADDER CANCER: POSITIVE IMMUNOSTAINING AND RADIOSENSITIVITY
Authors: Ogura Keiji , Habuchi Tomonori , Yamada Hitoshi , Ogawa Osamu , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPreoperative radiation therapy followed by radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer has been considered beneficial for selected patients whose tumors display a pronounced initial response to radiotherapy.MethodsIn order to determine whether overexpression of p53 gene products or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can be used to predict the response of invasive bladder cancer to radiotherapy, an immunohistochemical study of bladder cancers with monoclonal antibodies to p53 or PCNA (PAb 1801 or PC10) was performed. The results of immunostaining of pretreatment biopsy specimens from 60 invasive bladder cancers were analyzed to determine the relationship between labeling for p53 or PCNA and radiosensitivity as determined by histopathological examination of cystectomy specimens obtained after preoperative radiation.ResultsThe group with a good response to preoperative radiation therapy had better progression‐free rates than did the group with a poor response (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in radiosensitivity between patients with primary tumors with negative and positive immunostaining for p53. On the other hand, the PCNA labeling index (LI) differed significantly between tumors with poor and good histopathological responses to radiation therapy (P < 0.05).ConclusionNo correlation was found between immunohistochemically detectable alterations of p53 gene products and the radiosensitivity of invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, PCNA immunostaining may be useful for identifying patients for whom preoperative radiation might prove beneficial.
COMPARISON OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS WITH MALIGNANT POTENTIALS AND INFLUENCE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN UROTHELIAL CANCERS
Authors: Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Kim Wun‐Jae , Arao Shinji , Fukumoto Manabu , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundWe sought to determine how often P‐glycoprotein is involved in the drug‐resistance of urothelial cancer, and whether MDR1 gene expression is correlated with tumor grade, invasiveness, or metastasis.MethodsForty‐two tumor specimens and two normal bladder mucosal samples obtained from 34 urothelial cancer patients were analyzed. Reverse‐transcription and polymerase chain reaction were conducted. MDR1 mRNA levels were determined by measuring the relative ratio of the MDR1 to beta‐2‐microglobulin (b2 m) mRNA specific PCR products.ResultsThe MDR1/b2 m in two normal urothelial samples were 0.044 and 0.045. For untreated primary tumors, levels of MDR1 gene expression in 46% tumor samples were less than that of normal urothelium, while 27% showed expression levels with a MDR1/b2 m ratio more than 0.1. There was no statistical correlation between MDR1 mRNA level and tumor grade, stage, or metastatic status. There was higher MDR1 gene expression in two lymph node metastasis specimens and almost equal expressions in two more. There was no significant difference in the mean MDR1/b2 m ratio between postchemotherapy and untreated tumors. A remarkable elevation of the MDR1 mRNA level (15 times greater than prechemotherapy) was found in one tumor; mRNA levels of the multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP) gene, glutathione S‐transferase π (GST‐π) gene or DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) gene did not increase.ConclusionsIt is still unclear whether the MDR1 gene expression in urothelial tumor cells is inducible by the current combination chemotherapy regimens. RT‐PCR quantitation is useful for determining the expression level of MDR1 gene in urothelial cancer.
MAXIMUM FLOW RATE — THE SINGLE UROFLOWMETRIC PARAMETER IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA?
Authors: Homma Yukio , Imajo Chieko , Kawabe Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundUroflowmetry parameters should be examined for both reliability and optimal test conditions in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), since the difference between one pre‐ and one post‐intervention uroflow rate is usually evaluated in clinical trials of BPH.Patients and Methods:Reproducibility of maximum flow rate (Qmax) or its modified forms, and the effects of urinary volume on the reproducibility were examined in terms of Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) in 67 BPH patients.Results:Qmax had a higher r (0.672) as compared to other uroflow rates, such as mathematically modified forms of Qmax and adjusted values of Qmax on nomograms. Reliability was improved by bladder instillation (r = 0.811) or when voided volume was ≥ 150 ml or the ratio of volumes was < 2.0 (r = 0.690–0.736).Conclusion(s):Qmax, preferably performed with urinary volumes of more than 150 ml or the ratio of volumes less than 2.0, is the most practical single parameter at present in the comparison of two uroflowmetric tests in BPH treatment.
Three‐factor structure of the eHealth Literacy Scale and its relationship with nurses' health‐promoting behaviours and performance quality
Authors: Gartrell Kyungsook , Han Kihye , Trinkoff Alison , Cho Hyeonmi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the factorial validity of the eHealth Literacy Scale among hospital nurses and to investigate the associations of its components with health‐promoting behaviours and nursing performance quality.DesignThis cross‐sectional study used survey data of 484 Korean hospital nurses, which were collected between March–May 2016.MethodsThe three‐factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analyses. Multiple linear regression was conducted to test associations of the three components' scores with health‐promoting behaviours and self‐rated nursing performance quality.ResultsThe eHealth Literacy Scale supported a three‐factor structure: awareness of internet health resources (awareness), having skills needed to access resources (skills), and the ability to evaluate the quality of internet health resources (evaluation). All the three components were significantly associated with higher quality of nursing performance and better interpersonal relations. Stress management, spiritual growth, and health responsibility were linked with evaluation or skills but physical activity and nutrition were not.ConclusionStrategies to enhance eHealth literacy among nurses could improve nurses' health and further patient care. Training to build nurses' self‐efficacy to evaluate internet health information could improve eHealth literacy and should be developed and examined.ImpactTo improve nurses' health and patient care, training programs to build nurses' self‐efficacy to access and evaluate internet health information should be developed.