bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Packaging Materials on Storage Quality of Supplementary Food Mix
Authors: Arokiamary S. , Senthilkumar R. , Kanchana S. 
Published: July 2020

Pearl millet based supplementary food mix was prepared with 5.0 per cent incorporation of carrot and araikeerai (Amaranthus dubius) powder. The food mix was packed in polyethylene bags (P1), Metallized Polyethylene Pouches (P2) and Polyethylene terephthalate jars (P3) and stored at room temperature. The initial free fatty acid content of supplementary food mix was 0.231 per cent of oleic acid which had changed to 0.274, 0.257 and 0.248 per cent of oleic acid in P1, P2 and P3, respectively after 180 days of storage. The freshly prepared supplementary food mix contained 1.2 mEq / kg of peroxide value. The corresponding values at the end of the storage were 3.9 (P1), 2.8 (P2) and 2.4 (P3) mEq / kg of peroxide value. Initially the supplementary food mix had 8,048 mg of b-carotene per 100 g and after 180 days of storage period, the b-carotene reduced to 6,586 in P1, 7,236 in P2 and 7,215 mg / 100 g in P3. The freshly prepared supplementary food mix contained 2.85 mg of ascorbic acid, which had reduced to 2.17 (P1), 2.36 (P2) and 2.51 mg / 100 g (P3) at the end of storage period. The study revealed that the supplementary food mix packed in Polyethylene terephthalate jars had undergone minimum changes in physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, it is concluded that the storage of supplementary mix in Polyethylene terephthalate jars extent the shelf life of the product and reduce the nutrient losses during storage.
Assessment of Heavy Metals’ Contamination of Soils and Vegetable from Farmlands on Selected Floodplains in Akure and Environs, Nigeria
Authors: Aiyesanmi Ademola , Chukwunenye Precious , Odukoya Johnson 
Published: July 2020

Aim: Among other absorption pathways, heavy metals affect human health via their introduction into the diet through the soil-food chain. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in soils and plant’s part of Amaranthus hybridus from five farmlands on floodplains in Akure and environs.
Study Design: Soil and A. hybridus samples were obtained from five farmlands for the assessment of their heavy metals’ content and pollution levels.
Place and Duration of Study: The study (six months’ duration) was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The assessment involved the use of standard methods of analyses and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mathematical expressions were employed for estimating the bioconcentration factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index. Statistical difference of the results was evaluated using One-Way Analysis of Variance.
Results: The experimental results revealed that the farmlands’ soils belong to four textural classes in which their heavy metals’ contents are all below the maximum allowable concentrations provided in the considered regulatory guidelines for soil. Evaluation of the geoaccumulation index showed that concentration of all heavy metals in the soils are not enriched above the baseline concentration as most of the soils belong to Class 0 (uncontaminated category). Pollution load index estimated from the contamination factors also indicated no overall pollution of the farmlands. Uptake of the studied heavy metals by A. hybridus was at varied levels while vegetable samples from Ogbese farmland had the highest bioconcentration factor for copper, nickel and chromium.
Conclusion: Although most of the farmland soils have satisfactory physicochemical properties and present safe level of the studied heavy metals, the research revealed the need for cultivation of vegetables which are extremely poor bioaccumulators of heavy metals in these farmlands.
O CASO FAZENDA BRASIL VERDE E O CUMPRIMENTO DA DECISÃO DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Casali Bahia Saulo José 
Published: July 2020

<p>O artigo investiga o cumprimento pelo Estado brasileiro da decisão produzida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CorteIDH) no caso da Fazenda Brasil Verde, julgado em 20 de outubro de 2016. A CorteIDH estabeleceu que o não reconhecimento, no ordenamento interno brasileiro, do trabalho escravo enquanto crime imprescritível constituía um obstáculo relevante para a garantia da proteção judicial, seguindo o seu entendimento jurisprudencial de que graves violações de direitos humanos não prescrevem na esfera internacional. No cumprimento da decisão, no ano de 2018, ocorreu impetração de Habeas Corpus junto ao TRF da 1<sup>a</sup> Região, e o artigo analisa o acórdão produzido, que afastou as alegações de incompetência da CorteIDH e de violação ao contraditório, ampla defesa e presunção de inocência, além da prescrição que se pretendia ver reconhecida. Metodologicamente, o estudo de caso, assim, é utilizado para a realização das inferências que podem ser vislumbradas sobre o problema.</p>
Use of Physical Therapy in Patients With Osteoarthritis in Germany: An Analysis of a Linkage of Claims and Survey Data
Authors: Jacobs Hannes , Callhoff Johanna , Albrecht Katinka , Postler Anne , Saam Joachim , Lange Toni , Goronzy Jens , Günther Klaus-Peter , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the utilization of physical therapy (PT) and predictors for its use in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) while focusing on sociodemographic and disease‐related factors.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, 657,807 patients (age 30–79 years) diagnosed with hip, knee, or polyarticular OA were identified in claims data. In 2016, a questionnaire including information on disease status, demography, and socioeconomics was sent to a random sample of 8,995 patients stratified by sex, age, and type of diagnosis. Claims data from 2016 included the utilization and type of PT, as well as the prescribing medical specialist, and were linked to questionnaire data. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine variables associated with the use of PT.ResultsIn total, 3,564 (40%) patients completed the questionnaire and agreed to linking questionnaire and claims data (69% female, mean age 66.5 years). In 2016, 50% of the study population received PT at least once, and women received it more frequently than men (53% versus 43%). Most PT was prescribed by orthopedists (45%) and general practitioners (32%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that women, higher household income, having both hip and knee OA, lower functional status, higher disease activity, and individuals living in the eastern, southern, and western states of Germany were associated with an increased utilization of PT.ConclusionConsidering current guideline recommendations and that more than one‐third of OA patients with high functional impairment and/or pain did not receive PT in the last 12 months, there is considerable potential for improvement. This is especially true for men and individuals with a low income.
Elucidating the Coordination of Diethyl Sulfide Molecules in Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) Thin Films and Improving Hole Transport by Antisolvent Treatment
Authors: Worakajit Pimpisut , Hamada Fumiya , Sahu Debashis , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich , Harding David J. , Packwood Daniel M. , Saeki Akinori , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCopper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is rising to prominence as a hole‐transporting semiconductor in various opto/electronic applications. Its unique combination of good hole mobility, high optical transparency, and solution‐processability renders it a promising hole‐transport layer for solar cells and p‐type channel in thin‐film transistors. CuSCN is typically deposited from sulfide‐based solutions with diethyl sulfide (DES) being the most widely used. However, little is known regarding the effects of DES on CuSCN films despite the fact that DES can coordinate with Cu(I) and result in a different coordination polymer having a distinct crystal structure when fully coordinated. Herein, the coordination of DES in CuSCN films is thoroughly investigated with a suite of characterization techniques as well as density functional theory. This study reveals that DES directly affects the microstructure of CuSCN by stabilizing the polar crystalline surfaces via the formation of strong coordination bonds. Furthermore, a simple antisolvent treatment is demonstrated to be effective at modifying the microstructure and morphology of CuSCN films. The treatment with tetrahydrofuran or acetone leads to uniform films consisting of CuSCN crystallites with high crystallinity and their surfaces passivated by DES molecules, resulting in an increase in the hole mobility from 0.01 to 0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Multifunctional 3D‐Printed Patches for Long‐Term Drug Release Therapies after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ajdary Rubina , Ezazi Nazanin Zanjanizadeh , Correia Alexandra , Kemell Marianna , Huan Siqi , Ruskoaho Heikki J. , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A. , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA biomaterial system incorporating nanocellulose, poly(glycerol sebacate), and polypyrrole is introduced for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Direct ink writing of the multicomponent aqueous suspensions allows multifunctional lattice structures that not only feature elasticity and electrical conductivity but enable cell growth. They are proposed as cardiac patches given their biocompatibility with H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, which attach extensively at the microstructural level, and induce their proliferation for 28 days. Two model drugs (3i‐1000 and curcumin) are investigated for their integration in the patches, either by loading in the precursor suspension used for extrusion or by direct impregnation of the as‐obtained, dry lattice. In studies of drug release conducted for five months, a slow in vitro degradation of the cardiac patches is observed, which prevents drug burst release and indicates their suitability for long‐term therapy. The combination of biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, flexibility, and electrical conductivity fulfills the requirement of the highly dynamic and functional electroresponsive cardiac tissue. Overall, the proposed cardiac patches are viable alternatives for the regeneration of myocardium after infarction through the effective integration of cardiac cells with the biomaterial.
A Self‐Powered Angle Sensor at Nanoradian‐Resolution for Robotic Arms and Personalized Medicare
Authors: Wang Ziming , An Jie , Nie Jinhui , Luo Jianjun , Shao Jiajia , Jiang Tao , Chen Baodong , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the dominant component for precise motion measurement, angle sensors play a vital role in robotics, machine control, and personalized rehabilitation. Various forms of angle sensors have been developed and optimized over the past decades, but none of them would function without an electric power. Here, a highly sensitive triboelectric self‐powered angle sensor (SPAS) exhibiting the highest resolution (2.03 nano‐radian) after a comprehensive optimization is reported. In addition, the SPAS holds merits of light weight and thin thickness, which enables its extensive integrated applications with minimized energy consumption: a palletizing robotic arm equipped with the SPAS can precisely reproduce traditional Chinese calligraphy via angular data it collects. In addition, the SPAS can be assembled in a medicare brace to record the flexion/extension of joints, which may benefit personalized orthopedic recuperation. The SPAS paves a new approach for applications in the emerging fields of robotics, sensing, personalized medicare, and artificial intelligence.
Polarized Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Anisotropic Excitons in Few‐Layer ReS2
Authors: Wang Junyong , Zhou Yong Justin , Xiang Du , Ng Shiuan Jun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Eda Goki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn on‐chip polarized light source is desirable in signal processing, optical communication, and display applications. Layered semiconductors with reduced in‐plane symmetry have inherent anisotropic excitons that are attractive candidates as polarized dipole emitters. Herein, the demonstration of polarized light‐emitting diode based on anisotropic excitons in few‐layer ReS2, a 2D semiconductor with excitonic transition energy of 1.5–1.6 eV, is reported. The light‐emitting device is based on minority carrier (hole) injection into n‐type ReS2 through a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) tunnel barrier in a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) van der Waals heterostack. Two distinct emission peaks from excitons are observed at near‐infrared wavelength regime from few‐layer ReS2. The emissions exhibit a degree of polarization of 80% reflecting the nearly 1D nature of excitons in ReS2.
High Resolution Soft and Stretchable Circuits with PVA/Liquid‐Metal Mediated Printing
Authors: Silva André F. , Paisana Hugo , Fernandes Tânia , Góis Joana , Serra Arménio , Coelho Jorge F. J. , de Almeida Aníbal T. , Majidi Carmel , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel technique that permits, for the first time, fabrication of stretchable traces with linewidths as low as 20 µm and line‐spacing of 30 µm, based on simple coating and printing techniques, performed entirely at ambient condition, is demonstrated. By relying on existing inkjet printing technique, the proposed sinter‐free method is a step toward scalable fabrication of high‐resolution stretchable circuits, with application in logic gates, transparent conductors, and solar panels. This is accomplished by coating a layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) over an elastic substrate, inkjet printing a circuit with silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink, and then coating the printed circuit with a thin film of eutectic gallium‐indium‐tin (Galinstan) alloy. The Galinstan coating selectively wets to the printed AgNPs, resulting in highly conductive (6.65 × 106 S m−1) circuits that can withstand over 100% of strain with a modest gauge factor of ≈2.7. The process does not need thermal sintering, thanks to the Galinstan fusion with AgNPs, thus being compatible with heat‐sensitive substrates. The PVA coating has a critical role as a hydrophilic surface that absorbs the water‐based ink but resists wetting of the Galinstan. This method is demonstrated over a variety of substrates, including ultrasoft polyurethanes, ultra‐stretchable styrene–ethylene/butylynestyrene, and polyimide.
Leveraging Monostable and Bistable Pre‐Curved Bilayer Actuators for High‐Performance Multitask Soft Robots
Authors: Chi Yinding , Tang Yichao , Liu Haijun , Yin Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoft actuators are typically designed to be inherently stress‐free and stable. Relaxing such a design constraint allows exploration of harnessing mechanical prestress and elastic instability to achieve potential high‐performance soft robots. Here, the strategy of prestrain relaxation is leveraged to design pre‐curved soft actuators in 2D and 3D with tunable monostability and bistability that can be implemented for multifunctional soft robotics. By bonding stress‐free active layer with embedded pneumatic channels to a uniaxially or biaxially pre‐stretched elastomeric strip or disk, pre‐curved 2D beam‐like bending actuators and 3D doming actuators are generated after prestrain release, respectively. Such pre‐curved soft actuators exhibit tunable monostable and bistable behavior under actuation by simply manipulating the prestrain and the biased bilayer thickness ratio. Their implications in multifunctional soft robotics are demonstrated in achieving high performance in manipulation and locomotion, including energy‐efficient soft gripper to holding objects through prestress, fast‐speed larva‐like jumping soft crawler with average locomotion speed of 0.65 body‐length s−1 (51.4 mm s−1), and fast swimming bistable jellyfish‐like soft robot with an average speed of 53.3 mm s−1.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐Derived Monomers and Dimers over a Ru Supported Solid Super Acid Catalyst for Cycloalkane Production
Authors: Zhang Xing , Yan Hui , Zhu Lingjun , Li Tian , Wang Shurong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe monomers and dimers produced via lignin depolymerization are a promising alternative to transportation fuels after hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). However, these compounds contain numerous oxygen‐containing functional groups that are strongly bonded to aromatic rings. Therefore, the conventional HDO of lignin‐derived compounds faces serious problems of catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition and low hydrocarbon yields. A metal–solid super acid catalyst, i.e., Ru(SO42−)/ZrO2–CeO2, is synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the HDO of various lignin‐derived monomers and dimers in a biphasic n‐dodecane/H2O system. A high cyclohexane yield of 98.5% is obtained by the HDO of phenol performed at 200 °C and 5 MPa. The “hydrated” configuration can be formed between the hydrogenation intermediates and H2O on the Ru sites. In addition, the anionic vacancies of ZrO2–CeO2 can be occupied by H− derived from the heterolytic cleavage of H2, leading to the formation of metal hydrides. The strong acidity of SO42−/ZrO2–CeO2 is beneficial for the subsequent deoxygenation of the hydrotreated products. In addition, the biphasic system can minimize the side reactions induced by the strong acidity of the catalyst. The catalytic system also exhibits a good catalytic performance for the HDO of other lignin‐derived monomers and dimers to produce cycloalkanes.
Achieving 17.4% Efficiency of Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Two Well‐Compatible Nonfullerene Acceptors for Minimizing Energy Loss
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Wang Jian , Gao Jinhua , Hu Zhenghao , Xu Chunyu , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Fujun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.2% is achieved in PM6:BTP‐4F‐12 based organic photovoltaics (OPVs). On the basis of efficient binary OPVs, a series of ternary OPVs are constructed by incorporating MeIC as the third component. The open circuit voltages (VOCs) of ternary OPVs can be gradually increased along with the incorporation of MeIC, suggesting the formation of an alloy state between BTP‐4F‐12 and MeIC with good compatibility. The energy loss (Eloss) of ternary OPVs can be decreased compared with that of two binary OPVs, contributing to the VOC improvement of ternary OPVs. The short circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) of ternary OPVs can also be simultaneously enhanced with MeIC content up to 10 wt% in acceptors, leading to 17.4% PCE of the optimized ternary OPVs. The JSC and FF improvement of ternary OPVs is thought to result from the optimized ternary active layers with more efficient photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport. The 17.4% PCE and 79.2% FF is among the top values of ternary OPVs. This work indicates that a ternary strategy is an emerging method to simultaneously minimize Eloss and optimize photon harvesting as well as improve the morphology of active layers for realizing performance improvement for OPVs.
Dealing with Lead in Hybrid Perovskite: A Challenge to Tackle for a Bright Future of This Technology?
Authors: Dedecker Kevin , Grancini Giulia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHybrid Perovskite (HP) semiconductors have been skyrocketing the field of new generation photovoltaics and expanding into advanced optoelectronics. Perovskite photovoltaics (PV) can give a tremendous push to the green energy transition, which calls for efficient, low cost, but also environmentally friendly solutions. Halide perovskites present a serious drawback related to the presence of toxic materials, i.e., lead, with its associated health and environment concerns. These concerns severely hamper their commercialization. So far, only a few viable alternatives to Pb have been found, which lag behind in terms of power conversion efficiency. Here, a forward‐looking perspective is developed presenting different potential strategies to overcome the environmental and health issues related to the use and release of lead for operative HP solar cells. The possible lead‐leakage paths and related “remediation” tools are reviewed, and possible strategies are collated with a view to beginning a new era of lead containing HP devices. Finally, through a comparison with existing lead‐based technology, a comparative study is presented to provide the tools that are essential for a real evaluation of the impact of lead content on HP commercialization.
Iron Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Tetrahydroisoquinoline: Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Liu Si‐Wei , Ma Dan‐Dan , Zhu Xin‐Xin , Luo Cheng‐Dan , Tan Hui‐Lin , Ju Xiao‐Li , Tan Xue , Tang Xiao‐Hui , Huang Jie , Wang Jia , Wang Xian‐Xun , Cui Hai‐Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have developed an iron(III) chloride hexahydrate catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition of tetrahydroisoquinolines with amide group‐bearing Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) carbonates. A range of highly functionalized dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines could be prepared through SN2’/oxidation/electrocyclization/aromatization cascade (32–62% yield).
Excitonic Effects in Polymeric Photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Hui , Jin Sen , Zhang Xiaodong , Xie Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the intrinsically low dielectric properties, robust Coulomb interactions between photoinduced electrons and holes lead to dramatically strong exciton effects in polymeric photocatalysts. Such effects endow polymeric matrixes with nontrivial photoexcitation processes determining photocatalytic energy utilization. In this Minireview, we describe recent progress in the investigation of the excitonic effect in polymeric photocatalysts. On the basis of the understanding of excitonic effects in polymeric systems, we outline the relationships between excitonic behaviors and photocatalytic performance. Advances in optimizing the excitonic effect for gaining high‐efficiency polymer‐based photocatalysis are summarized. We also discuss the challenges in the field and forecast the directions for future research.
Fast and Long‐Lasting Iron(III) Reduction by Boron Toward Green and Accelerated Fenton Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Peng , Ren Wei , Nie Gang , Li Xiaojie , Duan Xiaoguang , Zhang Yongli , Wang Shaobin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeneration of hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton system (FeII/H2O2) is seriously limited by the sluggish kinetics of FeIII reduction and fast FeIII precipitation. Here, boron crystals (C‐Boron) remarkably accelerate the FeIII/FeII circulation in Fenton‐like systems (C‐Boron/FeIII/H2O2) to produce a myriad of hydroxyl radicals with excellent efficiencies in oxidative degradation of various pollutants. The surface B−B bonds and interfacial suboxide boron in the surface B12 icosahedra are the active sites to donate electrons to promote fast FeIII reduction to FeII and further enhance hydroxyl radical production via Fenton chemistry. The C‐Boron/FeIII/H2O2 system outperforms the benchmark Fenton (FeII/H2O2) and FeIII‐based sulfate radical systems. The reactivity and stability of crystalline boron is much higher than the popular molecular reducing agents, nanocarbons, and other metal/metal‐free nanomaterials.