bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Vagotopy in the Cervical Vagus Nerve of the Domestic Pig: Implications for the Study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Settell Megan L. , Knudsen Bruce E. , Dingle Aaron M. , McConico Andrea L. , Nicolai Evan N. , Trevathan James K. , Ross Erika K. , Pelot Nicole A. , Grill Warren M. , Gustafson Kenneth J. , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Williams Justin C. , Zeng Weifeng , Poore Samuel O. , Populin Luis C. , Suminski Aaron J. , Ludwig Kip A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven current clinical interest in vagus nerve stimulation, there are surprisingly few studies characterizing the anatomy of the vagus nerve in large animal models as it pertains to on-and off-target engagement of local fibers. We sought to address this gap by evaluating vagal anatomy in the domestic pig, whose vagus nerve organization and size approximates the human cervical vagus nerve. We provide data on key features across the cervical vagus nerve including diameter, number and diameter of fascicles, and distance of fascicles from the epineural surface where stimulating electrodes are placed. We also characterized the relative locations of the superior and recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve that have been implicated in therapy limiting side effects with common electrode placement. We identified key variants across the cohort that may be important for vagus nerve stimulation with respect to changing sympathetic/parasympathetic tone, such as cross-connections to the sympathetic trunk. We discovered that cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar cells aggregate together to form a very distinct grouping within the nodose ganglion. This distinct grouping gives rise to a larger number of smaller fascicles as one moves caudally down the cervical vagus nerve. This often leads to a distinct bimodal organization, or ‘vagotopy’ that may be advantageous to exploit in design of electrodes/stimulation paradigms. Finally, we placed our data in context of historic and recent histology spanning mouse, rat, canine, pig, non-human primate and human models, thus providing a comprehensive resource to understand similarities and differences across species.
Co-ordinated regulation of cell survival and cell cycle pathways by DDR2-dependent SRF transcription factor in cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Titus Allen Sam , Harikrishnan V , Kailasam Shivakumar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRelative resistance to apoptosis and the ability to proliferate and produce a collagen-rich scar determine the critical role of cardiac fibroblasts in wound healing and tissue remodeling following myocardial injury. Identification of cardiac fibroblast-specific factors and mechanisms underlying these aspects of cardiac fibroblast function is therefore of considerable scientific and clinical interest. In the present study, gene knockdown and over-expression approaches, and promoter binding assays, showed that DDR2, a mesenchymal cell-specific collagen receptor tyrosine kinase localized predominantly in fibroblasts in the heart, acts via ERK1/2 MAPK-activated SRF transcription factor to enhance the expression of anti-apoptotic cIAP2 in cardiac fibroblasts, conferring resistance against oxidative injury.Further, DDR2 was found to act via ERK1/2 MAPK-activated SRF to transcriptionally up regulate Skp2 that in turn facilitated post-translational degradation of p27, the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that causes cell cycle arrest, to promote G1-S transition, as evidenced by Rb phosphorylation, increased PCNA levels and flow cytometry. DDR2-dependent ERK1/2 MAPK activation also suppressed FoxO3a-mediated transcriptional induction of p27. Inhibition of the binding of collagen type I to DDR2 using WRG-28 indicated the obligate role of collagen type I in the activation of DDR2 and its regulatory role in cell survival and cell cycle protein expression. Notably, DDR2 levels positively correlated with SRF, cIAP2 and PCNA levels in cardiac fibroblasts from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. To conclude, DDR2-mediated ERK1/2MAPK activation facilitates coordinated regulation of cell survival and cell cycle progression in cardiac fibroblasts via SRF.New & NoteworthyRelative resistance to apoptosis and the ability to proliferate and produce a collagen-rich scar enable cardiac fibroblasts to play a central role in myocardial response to injury. This study reports novel findings that mitogen-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts exploit a common regulatory mechanism involving collagen receptor (DDR2)-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and SRF to achieve coordinated regulation of apoptosis resistance and cell cycle progression, which could facilitate their survival and function in the injured myocardium.
Level of satisfaction and utilization of EBSCOhost among UPHSL students and faculty
Authors: Malabanan Elizabeth , Bayeng Arlyn 
Published: November 2019

PurposeElectronic resources are becoming an integral part of the academe. It has revolutionized the idea of research, making information more accessible. This study aims to determine the level of utilization and satisfaction on EBSCOhost database among UPHSL students and faculty members. It analyzes the effect of the respondents’ user type, gender and education to the usability and satisfaction of users to EBSCOhost.Design/methodology/approachThe study, which used a survey questionnaire as a primary tool to gather data, had 300 respondents who willingly participated from the faculty and student body of the University of Perpetual Help System – Laguna.FindingsResults revealed that majority of the respondents were found to be female, aging 20-25 with a college degree or taking their degree. The results of the study showed that the students and faculty members of UPHSL are moderately satisfied of the services of EBSCOhost and users are only moderately using it. In addition, the study revealed that the respondents have the same level of satisfaction and utilization of EBSCOhost regardless of their user type, age, gender and educational attainment. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between the respondents’ level of satisfaction and level of utilization of EBSCOhost. The higher is the respondents’ level of satisfaction, the higher is their level of utilization of EBSCOhost.Originality/valueSubscription to online databases is an integral part of the academic library. However, in developing countries, subscription can take a lot from the overall library budget. EBSCOhost, as one of the popular research databases, is among the plethora of databases that libraries subscribe to. This paper analyzes the level utilization and satisfaction of users to EBSCOhost. The analysis presented in this research can provide insight on the usability of among developing countries.
Mining archival genealogy databases to gain new insights into broader historical issues
Authors: Abildgren Kim 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Several genealogical databases are now publicly available on the Web. The information stored in such databases is not only of interest for genealogical research but might also be used in broader historical studies. As a case study, this paper aims to explore what a crowdsourced genealogical online database can tell about income inequality in Denmark during the First World War.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is based on 55,000 family-level records on the payment of local income taxes in a major Danish provincial town (Esbjerg) from a publicly available database on the website of The Esbjerg City Archives combined with official statistics from Statistics Denmark.

Findings
Denmark saw a sharp increase in income inequality during the First World War. The analysis shows that the new riches during the First World War in a harbour city such as Esbjerg were not “goulash barons” or stock-market speculators but fishermen. There were no fishermen in the top 1per cent of the income distribution in 1913. In 1917, more than 37 per cent of the family heads in this part of the income distribution were fishermen.

Originality/value
The paper illustrates how large-scale microdata from publicly available genealogical Web databases might be used to gain new insights into broader historical issues.
Kovin Naidoo and the Brien Holden Institute: achieving the vision of profit and purpose
Authors: Krige Kerryn Ayanda Malindi , Hawarden Verity 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
Teaching objective 1: Students are able to identify and apply characteristics of a social entrepreneur, and social enterprise, as defined by Dees (2001). Teaching objective 2: Students are able to identify and apply the four tensions identified by Smith, Gonin and Besharov (2013) that manifest in social enterprises. Teaching objective 3: Students are able to apply Institutional Theory to social entrepreneurship. Students are able to explain legitimacy and the influence of context on the social enterprise. Teaching objective 4: Students through using the Change Canvas, are able to distinguish between profit and purpose characteristics of the organisation; and are able to make recommendations based on the process they have followed.

Case overview/synopsis
Kovin Naidoo is the CEO Of a multi-national social enterprise, Australia-based The Brien Holden Institute. The case explores Naidoo's journey as a social entrepreneur, and the partnership forged with Brien Holden as they built their multinational social enterprise. Naidoo is catapulted to the position of CEO after the sudden death of his friend, and is trying to balance the competing pressures of profit and purpose. The case introduces the foundational characteristics of social entrepreneurship, before exploring Institutional Theory and the Change Canvas as a tool for managing tensions between profit and purpose.

Complexity academic level
This case study is aimed at students of entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, corporate social investment, development studies, innovative health-care systems, sustainable livelihoods and asset-based development. It is written at an Honours / Masters level and is therefore also appropriate for use in customised or short programmes.

Supplementary Materials
Videos (including a TedX by Naidoo), Web materials and a book chapter are included in the supplementary materials list.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
The good thymes for a good time
Authors: Menhem Nayla , Youakim Liliane Elias , Khoury Aliaa 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
This case focuses on social entrepreneurship where social externalities lie behind a commercial activity. It aims to help students understand the ins and outs of social entrepreneurship concept and justify its application or not to “The Good Thymes”. It leads to an in-depth reflection in the strategic management field but within the framework of a social enterprise. It presents a good foundation to help students applying the strategic tools to this particular context. It aims to help master’s students in the business field to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship by drawing out its elements from the case study, identify and list the components of business development and management, design "The Good Thymes" business model and list its value chain and evaluate the future orientation of a company based on its characteristics.

Case overview/synopsis
Young, ambitious, in love with his native village "Kfarhouna", in Southern Lebanon, Fady Aziz, a branding specialist living in the capital Beirut, proposed in January 2016, in a friendly discussion, to the priest of the monastery of Saint-Georges to rent him an agricultural land. He aims to have a reason, at the end of the week, to go up in his village with his family. Skeptical to the idea, the priest accused him of "not understanding anything about agriculture" and challenged him to propose a valuable agricultural project likely to make him change his mind. M. Fady Aziz fought to meet this challenge which will allow him not only to reinvigorate his abandoned village but also to reconnect with his origins. He obtained the right to exploit a plot of land belonging to the Monastery of St. Georges. He had the idea of planting thyme and transformed his "hobby" into the outset of a long journey where his products crossed the borders, under a purely artisanal brand: "The Good Thymes". Today, M. Aziz is facing a new challenge: Would he be able to fulfill all these orders and remain faithful to the philosophy that led him to invest in his village without impairing the natural and artisanal aspect of his thyme?

Complexity academic level
Master in Business.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
The lipstick effect: turning around XT Beauty
Authors: Khvatova Tatiana , Thakur-Weigold Sarbani Bublu 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
Upon completion of this case study, students will have learned to identify and analyze pending organizational failure, based upon company data. They will have formulated a business strategy (either cost leadership, differentiation or focus), as well as propose process improvements to cope with changing macroeconomic factors, costs, supplier conditions, and especially talent management and retention. Students will practice the logical organization of information, articulating the key facts and assumptions underlying their solutions. They will practice communicating with a possibly hostile executive team, to whom they defend their proposal based on its merits.

Case overview/synopsis
This case recounts the recent history of the XT Beauty, a fictionalized but real company headquartered in Moscow, selling professional cosmetics, electrical instruments and equipment for beauty salons in St. Petersburg, and other cities in Russia. XT Beauty enjoyed successful growth until the onset of the 2014 economic crisis when consumer purchasing power plummeted. Students consider both the obstacles and opportunities presented by an emerging Russian market, customer behavior in a recession, managing sales talent, the leadership style of women, as well as key operational, and financial issues as the company react to a deepening economic crisis in an uncoordinated manner. The case is an introduction to the Russian business culture and operational environment. It focuses not only on challenges but also the opportunities in the anti-cyclical market for beauty products.

Complexity academic level
Master’s students in international business, human resources, operations and MBA candidates.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance
Cash holdings, corporate performance and viability of Greek SMEs
Authors: Dimitropoulos Panagiotis , Koronios Konstantinos , Thrassou Alkis , Vrontis Demetris 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Several theories have been developed trying to explain the corporate decisions on cash holdings. Stakeholder theory is one of the arguments that urge firms with strong stakeholder relationships to hold more cash. The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on this issue by examining the impact of cash holdings on the financial performance and viability of Greek Small-Medium Enterprises before and after the Greek sovereign debt crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected a large sample from Small-Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and a comparable sample from large firms operating in Greece during the period 2003–2016. Panel regression analysis was performed before and after the Greek debt crisis.

Findings
Results indicated that cash holdings contribute positively to the profitability and viability of firms validating the precautionary theory of cash holdings in Greece. Before the crisis, SMEs and large firms both benefited significantly by cash holdings but after the crisis that positive impact of cash is more evident and significant for SMEs.

Practical implications
These findings corroborate the hypotheses that during a period of limited lending (and severe financial turmoil); cash holdings (and effective cash management) could be a vital tool for sustaining SMEs’ viability and financial performance. This study offers useful managerial implications and contributes to the ongoing debate about the impact of cash holdings on corporate performance.

Originality/value
This is the first study in the Greek business setting trying to examine the impact of cash holdings on financial performance within stakeholder-oriented firms during a period of financial turmoil.
Effects of a changing climate on livelihoods of forest dependent communities
Authors: Saalu Faith Nyangute , Oriaso Silas , Gyampoh Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

PurposeClimate change and variability present different challenges to the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. This paper aims to determine climate variability/change and its effects on the livelihoods of the Buyangu community, which depends on Kakamega tropical rain forest in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachRainfall and temperature trends were analysed using Mann–Kendall tests and Sen’s slope estimator. The effects of climate variability on the community were determined using household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders.FindingsTemperature trend analyses represent statistically significant trends for the period of 1980-2015. Results reveal a warming trend for both mean annual maximum temperatures and mean annual minimum temperatures by 0.04°C/year and 0.02°C/year, respectively. Moreover, analysis of annual precipitation (1923-2015) indicated an increase of 0.068 mm/year; however, the mean monthly rainfall showed a decreasing trend. As a result, crop production and livestock rearing are negatively affected. Although there is a high level of awareness of climate variability and its related effects on livelihoods, a majority of the Buyangu community still do not understand the influence of climate change on forests and the provision of forest products. Lack of knowledge on this subject will consequently limit adaptation responses.Originality/valueThis research fulfills the need to study climate variability and its effects on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. The study calls for all-round stakeholder participation of local and national players in formulating coherent adaptation strategies that will enhance the resilience of forest-dependent communities to a changing climate.
Use of viscoelastic links for seismic pounding mitigation under random input
Authors: Ahmadi Taleshian Hamed , Mirzagoltabar Roshan Alireza , Vaseghi Amiri Javad 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of viscoelastic links between two adjacent buildings for pounding mitigation under white-noise seismic input.

Design/methodology/approach
A formulation is first extracted for the effective modal damping ratios of the system. Then, two single DOF linear buildings connected by viscoelastic links are considered with both classical and non-classical damping schemes. The inelastic behavior is also taken into account by using equivalent natural frequencies and damping ratios of the buildings. The effect of ground dominant frequency and damping on the displacement response is also investigated by using Kanai‒Tajimi filtered white noise as the random input.

Findings
The difference between classical and non-classical damping is shown to be less than 20 percent, implying the permission in using the simpler classical damping scheme. Finally, the problem is extended to two-storey buildings, where using viscoelastic links only at the top story level of the buildings is shown to be sufficient for controlling individual, as well as relative, motions of the structures.

Originality/value
Results demonstrate that the use of link with a moderate stiffness may reduce the stiffer building displacement up to approximately 20 percent in comparison to the free displacement, while the seismic pounding of the adjacent buildings is effectively controlled. Further, an upper limit of link stiffness is obtained for preventing the increase in the stiffer building displacement, which may be exceeded by the minimum link stiffness necessary for pounding prevention if small gap size exists.
The impact of leadership churn on quality management in Australian hospitals
Authors: Leggat Sandra , Balding Cathy 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between frequent turnover (churn) of the chief executive officer (CEO), quality manager and members of the governing board with the management of quality in eight Australian hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed method three-year longitudinal study was conducted using validated quality system scales, quality indicators and focus groups involving over 800 board members, managers and clinical staff.

Findings
There were unexpected high levels of both governance and management churn over the three years. Churn among CEOs and quality managers was negatively associated with compliance in aspects of the quality system used to plan, monitor and improve quality of care. There was no relationship with the quality of care indicators. Staff identified lack of vision and changing priorities with high levels of churn, which they described as confusing and demotivating. There was no relationship with quality processes or quality indicators detected for churn among governing board members.

Practical implications
Governing boards must recognise the risks associated with management change and minimise these risks with robust clinical governance processes.

Originality/value
This research is the first that we are aware of that identifies the impact of frequent leadership turnover in the health sector on quality management.
Effects of data feedback in the teacher training community
Authors: Tas Tamar , Houtveen Thoni , Van de Grift Wim 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to answer the question, what progress student teachers make during one academic year, while being trained in a professional learning community, using objective classroom observation, using lesson preparation templates that match their developmental stage and stage-focused mentor feedback.

Design/methodology/approach
The teaching skills of the student teachers (n=101) were measured at the start and at the end of the academic year. For the measurements, the standardized and psychometrically tested International Comparative Analysis of Learning and Teaching observation instrument is used.

Findings
The student teachers achieved a small growth on the basic teaching skills and a medium growth on two of the three advanced skills for teachers.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the lack of a control group, causal conclusions cannot be made. This research provides knowledge on the actual observed level of teaching skills of student teachers trained in a close collaborating professional learning community.

Originality/value
Little is known about the actual growth of observable teaching skills of student teachers in elementary education. Teacher training colleges and internship schools in the Netherlands are in search of better ways to collaborate more closely in order to improve the quality of teaching of their student teachers. These findings can inspire teacher training communities to improve their own teaching quality and the teaching quality of their student teachers.