bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a participatory organizational intervention improve social capital and organizational readiness to change? Cluster randomized controlled trial at five Danish hospitals
Authors: Jakobsen Markus Due , Clausen Thomas , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigates the effect of a participatory organizational intervention on social capital and organizational readiness for change.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsIn 2016, 27 departments from five hospitals in Denmark were randomly allocated at the department level to 1 year of participatory intervention (14 clusters, 316 healthcare workers) or a control group (13 clusters, 309 healthcare workers). The participatory intervention consisted of 2 × 2 hr workshops, where managers, 2–5 healthcare workers from each department, and the hospital's health and safety staff, developed action plans for implementing solutions for improving the use of assistive devices at the department throughout the 1‐year intervention period. Workplace social capital: (a) within teams (bonding); (b) between teams and nearest leaders (linking A); and (c) between teams and distant leaders (linking B) and organizational readiness for change were measured using questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months.ResultsNo group‐by‐time interaction occurred for any of the outcome measures. However, explorative post hoc analysis showed within‐group improvements in bonding and linking B social capital and organizational readiness for change following the participatory intervention.ConclusionParticipatory organizational interventions may improve social capital within teams and between teams and distant leaders and organizational readiness for change.ImpactImplementing participatory interventions at the workplace may be a cost‐effective strategy as they provide additional benefits, e.g., increased social capital and improved organizational readiness for change, that exceed the primary outcome of the intervention.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02708550) March 2016.
Urinary sodium‐to‐potassium ratio and body mass index in relation to high blood pressure in a national health survey in Chile
Authors: Valentino Giovanna , Hernández Camila , Tagle Rodrigo , Orellana Lorena , Adasme Marcela , Baraona Fernando , Navarrete Carlos , Acevedo Mónica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral lifestyle and sociodemographic factors are associated with blood pressure (BP). The authors conducted a retrospective study of 4870 subjects from the National Health Survey 2009 in Chile to identify exposure factors associated with increasing BP levels. Subjects with isolated urinary excretion of sodium (n = 2873), potassium, and creatinine were included to estimate daily salt intake and urinary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio. Hypertension was defined according to European guidelines 2018 and American guidelines ACC/AHA 2017. Proportional odds models were developed to analyze education level, sedentarism, smoking, alcohol intake, estimated urinary Na/K ratio, estimated daily salt intake, and body mass index (BMI) as factors associated with increasing BP levels (from high‐normal BP to hypertension). Logistic regression models were checked for overdispersion. Mean age and BMI of the population were 42 years old and 27 kg/m2, respectively; 19% had low education level and 27% had hypertension according to European guidelines, whereas 47% according to ACC/AHA criteria. Mean estimated urinary Na/K ratio was 4 ± 2, and mean salt consumption was 10 ± 2 g/day. Estimated urinary Na/K ratio (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.21), BMI (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.13), estimated daily salt intake (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.17), and alcohol intake (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.05) were significantly associated with hypertension. This study highlights that a healthy diet and weight control should be important components of BP management plans, and it suggests that public policies should include close monitoring of these factors to reduce hypertension prevalence and improve its management in a Latino population.
Cladophora glomerata enriched by biosorption with Mn(II) ions alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced osteomyelitis‐like model in MC3T3‐E1, and 4B12 osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Bourebaba Lynda , Michalak Izabela , Baouche Meriem , Kucharczyk Katarzyna , Fal Andrzej M. , Marycz Krzysztof 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic osteomyelitis, a bone infectious disease, is characterized by dysregulation of bone homeostasis, which results in excessive bone resorption. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is a gram‐negative endotoxin was shown to inhibit osteoblast differentiation and to induce apoptosis and osteoclasts formation in vitro. While effective therapy against bacteria‐induced bone destruction is quite limited, the investigation of potential drugs that restore down‐regulated osteoblast function remains a major goal in the prevention of bone destruction in infective bone diseases. This investigation aimed to rescue LPS‐induced MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblastic cell line using the methanolic extract of Cladophora glomerata enriched with Mn(II) ions by biosorption. LPS‐induced MC3T3‐E1 cultures supplemented with C. glomerata methanolic extract were tested for expression of the main genes and microRNAs involved in the osteogenesis pathway using RT‐PCR. Moreover, osteoclastogenesis of 4B12 cells was also investigated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. Treatment with algal extract significantly restored LPS‐suppressed bone mineralization and the mRNA expression levels of osteoblast‐specific genes such as runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), miR‐27a and miR‐29b. The extract also inhibited osteoblast apoptosis, significantly restored the down‐regulated expression of Bcl‐2, and decreased the loss of MMP and reactive oxygen spices (ROS) production in MC3T3‐E1 cells induced by LPS. Furthermore, pre‐treatment with algal extract strongly decreased the activation of osteoclast in MC3T3‐E1‐4B12 coculture system stimulated by LPS. Our findings suggest that C. glomerata enriched with Mn(II) ions may be a potential raw material for the development of drug for preventing abnormal bone loss induced by LPS in bacteria‐induced bone osteomyelitis.
UHRF1 predicts poor prognosis by triggering cell cycle in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tu Zhenbo , Deng Xinzhou , Hou Shengqi , Feng Anlin , Zhang Qiuping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that ubiquitin‐like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the expression and function of UHRF1 in the subtype of NSCLC are still unclear. Here, we investigate the expression and prognosis traits of UHRF1 in large NSCLC cohorts and explore the molecular characters during UHRF1 up‐regulation. We find that UHRF1 is predominantly overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Surprisingly, the up‐regulated UHRF1 is only associated with the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and knockdown of UHRF1 dramatically attenuates ADC tumorigenesis. Mechanically, we identify a hub gene that includes a total of 55 UHRF1‐related genes, which are tightly associated with cell cycle pathway and yield to the poor clinical outcome in ADC patients. What's more, we observe knockdown of UHRF1 only affects ADC cells cycle and induces cell apoptosis. These results suggest that up‐regulated UHRF1 only contributes to lung ADC survival by triggering cell cycle pathway, and it may be a prognostic biomarker for lung ADC patients.
Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Taylor Mark J. , Råstam Maria , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Bulik Cynthia M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Gillberg Christopher , Lundström Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN.MethodsIn a population‐based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent‐reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18).ResultsWe did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9‐year‐old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems.ConclusionsCoping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder.
Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes on quality of life issues in dermatologic patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chernyshov P.V. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Augustin M. , Svensson A. , Bewley A. , Poot F. , Szepietowski J.C. , Marron S.E. , Manolache L. , Pustisek N. , Suru A. , Salavastru C.M. , Blome C. , Salek M.S. , Abeni D. , Sampogna F. , Dalgard F. , Linder D. , Evers A.W.M. , Finlay A.Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID‐19 is a global challenge for health care, and dermatologists are not standing apart from trying to meet this challenge. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) has collected recommendations from its Task Forces (TFs) related to COVID‐19. The Journal of the EADV has established a COVID‐19 Special Forum giving free access to related articles. The psychosocial effects of the pandemic, an increase in contact dermatitis and several other skin diseases because of stress, disinfectants and protective equipment use, especially in healthcare workers, the temporary limited access to dermatologic care, the dilemma whether or not to pause immunosuppressive therapy, and, finally, the occurrence of skin lesions in patients infected by COVID‐19 all contribute to significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. Here, we present detailed recommendations of the EADV TF on QoL and patient‐oriented outcomes on how to improve QoL in dermatologic patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic for several different groups of patients and for the general population.
Deformation‐induced cordierite breakdown–An example from western Maine, USA
Authors: Sanislav Ioan V. , Abu Sharib Ahmed S. A. A. , Quentin de Gromard Raphael S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreservation of partially completed metamorphic reactions in the form of partial pseudomorphs is very important as it provides direct insight onto the reaction mechanism and the phases involved in the reaction. The staurolite and andalusite grade rocks in western Maine, USA, contain cordierite porphyroblasts partly pseudomorphed by coarse‐grained muscovite and biotite. The pseudomorphs consist of a cordierite core surrounded by a reaction rim. Modal mineralogy, calculated using the ImageJ processing software based on backscatter images and X‐ray compositional maps, reveals that the core consists of cordierite (53.5%), muscovite (22.8%), biotite (9.1%), quartz (1 0.4%), plagioclase (3.1%) and ilmenite/pyrrhotite and apatite (1.1%) whereas the reaction rim consists of cordierite (1.8%), muscovite (51.6%), biotite (30.4%), quartz (4.3%), plagioclase (10%), garnet (1.2%), ilmenite/pyrrhotite and apatite (0.8%). The net effect of the cordierite breakdown reaction is an increase of 226% in muscovite, 334% in biotite and 323% in plagioclase content and a decrease of 97% in cordierite. The reaction involved exchange of components with the matrix requiring addition of H2O, K+, Na+ and Ti4+ and removal of SiO2, Mg2+ and PO43‐ from the reaction site. PT estimates using the garnet–biotite, Ti‐in‐biotite, Na‐in‐cordierite thermometers and the garnet–biotite–muscovite–plagioclase barometer indicate that cordierite breakdown occurred at ~550°C and 3.5 kbar. thermocalc modelling using the bulk rock composition suggests that cordierite is not stable at these conditions, whereas modelling using a thin section‐derived bulk composition indicates that cordierite stability extends to higher pressures, and most likely that the cordierite breakdown was not PT dependent. The incorporation of Na (up to 0.18 a.f.u.) into the cordierite structure has the effect of stabilizing the cordierite under a variety of H2O activity and limiting the role of fluids into destabilizing it. The cordierite cores contain evidence of plastic and brittle deformation in the form of subgrains and microcracks, which facilitated the infiltration of fluids that destabilized cordierite at constant PT conditions by leaching Na and introducing K. New mica growth along these structural heterogeneities suggests that deformation played an important role promoting breakdown of cordierite to muscovite and biotite.
Traumatic brain injury patients’ family members’ evaluations of the social support provided by healthcare professionals in acute care hospitals
Authors: Choustikova Julia , Turunen Hannele , Tuominen‐Salo Hanna , Coco Kirsi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aimed to examine traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient family members’ (FMs) experiences of the support they received from healthcare professionals in acute care hospitals.BackgroundThe length of hospitalisation following TBI is constantly decreasing, and patients may return home with several problems. FMs care for the patients at home although they may not be prepared for the patient's medical needs or financial burden of the illness. The burden which some FMs experience can impair patient care and rehabilitation outcomes. Therefore, FMs require support during acute phases of TBI treatment.DesignA structured questionnaire was sent to 216 TBI patients FMs. The response rate was 47% (n = 102).MethodsA structured questionnaire—based on a systematic literature review and a previous questionnaire on TBI patient FMs’ perceptions of support—was developed and used in the data collection. The questionnaire included 46 statements and 11 background questions. Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was followed in reporting the study.ResultsA factor analysis identified five factors that describe the guidance of TBI patient FMs: guidance of TBI patients’ symptoms and survival; benefits of guidance; needs‐based guidance; guidance for use of services; and guidance methods. Most of the FMs (51%–88%) felt that they had not received enough guidance from healthcare professionals in acute care hospitals across all five aspects of support.ConclusionsThe content of guidance should be developed, and healthcare staff should be trained to consider a FM’s starting point when providing guidance. A calm environment, proper timing, sufficient information in different forms and professional healthcare staff were found to be key factors to comprehensive guidance. Involving FMs in the discharge process and rehabilitation of their loved ones both supports the abilities of caregivers and promotes the outcome of the patient's rehabilitation.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides varied information on the need for social support of TBI patients FMs in the early stages of treatment from the FMs’ perspective. This research adopted the FM’s perspective to identify various areas of social support that need to be developed so that the FMs of TBI patients receive enough support during the early stages of TBI treatment.
Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID‐19 patients in Michigan, United States
Authors: Imam Z. , Odish F. , Gill I. , O’Connor D. , Armstrong J. , Vanood A. , Ibironke O. , Hanna A. , Ranski A. , Halalau A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHigher comorbidity and older age have been reported as correlates of poor outcomes in COVID‐19 patients worldwide; however, US data are scarce. We evaluated mortality predictors of COVID‐19 in a large cohort of hospitalized patients in the United States.DesignRetrospective, multicenter cohort of inpatients diagnosed with COVID‐19 by RT‐PCR from 1 March to 17 April 2020 was performed, and outcome data evaluated from 1 March to 17 April 2020. Measures included demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, laboratory values and imaging on admission. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, time to death and development of acute kidney injury in the first 48‐h.ResultsThe 1305 patients were hospitalized during the evaluation period. Mean age was 61.0 ± 16.3, 53.8% were male and 66.1% African American. Mean BMI was 33.2 ± 8.8 kg m−2. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (1–4), and 72.6% of patients had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension (56.2%) and diabetes mellitus (30.1%) being the most prevalent. ACE‐I/ARB use and NSAIDs use were widely prevalent (43.3% and 35.7%, respectively). Mortality occurred in 200 (15.3%) of patients with median time of 10 (6–14) days. Age > 60 (aOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.26–2.94) and CCI > 3 (aOR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.85–3.97) were independently associated with mortality by multivariate analyses. NSAIDs and ACE‐I/ARB use had no significant effects on renal failure in the first 48 h.ConclusionAdvanced age and an increasing number of comorbidities are independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality for COVID‐19 patients. NSAIDs and ACE‐I/ARB use prior to admission is not associated with renal failure or increased mortality.
Accuracy of Implant Placement Position Using Nondental Open‐Source Software: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Talmazov Georgi , Bencharit Sompop , Waldrop Thomas C. , Ammoun Rami 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of implant placement position using two different dental implant planning software.Materials and MethodsA set of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files from a cone beam computed tomography of a patient missing maxillary right first premolar was used. Implant planning was done using two open‐source programs: A nondental 3D Slicer/Blender (3DSB) software and a commercial dental implant treatment planning program: Blue Sky Plan 4 (BSP4). An intraoral scan of the same patient was used to create a standard tessellation language (STL) file of the maxillary arch and later printed into 20 identical casts. Ten surgical guides were printed for each group as well. A dental implant (3.8 mm × 12 mm, Biohorizons) was placed into each cast using fully guided surgical protocol. The horizontal displacements at the implant cervical platform and at the implant apex as well as the angulation displacements were measured using digital scanning of the implant scan bodies and were analyzed using a 3D compare software. Statistical analyses were conducted (⍺ = 0.05) using t‐test and F‐test to examine differences in trueness and precision, respectively.ResultsThe average horizontal deviations for the platform and the apex, respectively, were 0.33 ± 0.12 mm and 0.76 ± 0.30 mm for 3DSB and 0.44 ± 0.21 mm and 0.98 ± 0.48 mm for BSP4. The average angulation deviations for 3DSB and BSB4 were 2.34 ± 0.93° and 3.07 ± 1.57°, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the means (t‐test) of the platform, apex, and angulation deviations (p = 0.16, p = 0.19, and p = 0.18, respectively). There were statistical differences in the variances (F test) of the platform (p = 0.043) and angulation (p = 0.049) deviations but not the apex (p = 0.059) deviations.ConclusionsThe combination of nondental open‐source software, 3D Slicer/Blender can be used to plan implant guided surgery with an accuracy similar to commercial dental software with slightly higher precision. Open‐source nondental software can be considered as an alternative in dental implant treatment planning and guided surgery.
The evolution of key functional floral traits in the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae
Authors: Saunders Richard M. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPotential key functional floral traits are assessed in the species‐rich early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae. Pollinators (generally beetles) are attracted by various cues (particularly visual, olfactory, and thermogenic), with pollinators rewarded by nectar (generally as stigmatic exudate), heat, and protection within the partially enclosed floral chamber. Petals sometimes function as pollinator brood sites, although this could be deceptive. Annonaceae species are self‐compatible, with outcrossing promoted by a combination of protogyny, herkogamy, floral synchrony, and dicliny. Pollination efficiency is enhanced by pollen aggregation, changes in anthesis duration, and pollinator trapping involving a close alignment between petal movements and the circadian rhythms of pollinators. Most Annonaceae flowers are apocarpous, with syncarpy restricted to very few lineages; fertilization is therefore optimized by intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes, either by stigmatic exudate (suprastylar extragynoecial compitum) or possibly the floral receptacle (infrastylar extragynoecial compitum). Although Annonaceae lack a distinct style, the stigmas in several lineages are elongated to form “pseudostyles” that are hypothesized to function as sites for pollen competition. Flowers can be regarded as immature fruits in which the ovules are yet to be fertilized, with floral traits that may have little selective advantage during anthesis theoretically promoting fruit and seed dispersal. The plesiomorphic apocarpous trait may have been perpetuated in Annonaceae flowers as it promotes the independent dispersal of fruit monocarps (derived from separate carpels), thereby maximizing the spatial/temporal distance between seedlings. This might compensate for the lack of genetic diversity among seeds within fruits arising from the limited diversity of pollen donors.