bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERSONHOOD-BASED KNOWLEDGE: A NEW CONSTRUCT PREDICTING PERSONAL DEMENTIA FEAR
Authors: Ebert Alexandria R , McFadden Susan , Kulibert Danica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Perhaps because the public is not well-versed on the biological and medical facts of dementia (biomedical knowledge; BK), or the life experiences and capabilities of persons living with dementia (personhood-based knowledge; PBK), dementia is one the most feared and stigmatized terminal illnesses (Alzheimer’s Society, 2007), typically resulting in social isolation (George, 2010). Similar to personal dementia fear (fear of developing dementia; PDF), dementia worry has been associated with suicide ideation (Cui et al., under review), which is a predictor of accepting attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (Wolfgag, 2017). Findings from the development and testing of a conceptual model of social comfort indicated that people with higher levels of PBK had higher levels of social comfort towards persons with dementia (Ebert, Kulibert, & McFadden, 2019). The present study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from Wisconsin residents through an online platform and community outreach efforts (Ebert, Kulibert, and McFadden, 2019; N = 645) to examine whether individuals with higher levels of PBK have lower levels of PDF. A hierarchical linear regression revealed that PBK and BK were significant predictors of PDF (β = -.13, p &lt; .05; β = .108, p &lt; .05, respectively). However, when controlling for age (β = .14, p &lt; .01) and knowing a friend or family member with dementia (β = -.19, p &lt; .001), only PBK remained a significant predictor (β = -.16, p &lt; .01). Results suggest that enhancing PBK through interactions with people living as well as possible with dementia could reduce PDF.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAIR CORTISOL, CHRONIC STRESS, AND WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Kim Eunsaem , Bolkan Cory , Crespi Erica , Madigan Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a new method of measuring chronic stress by analyzing a small sample of hair. Given the strong relationship between chronic stress and quality of life (QOL) in people with dementia, HCC may enhance our understanding of their well-being. Our primary goal was to establish feasibility of HCC testing in people with dementia as a biomarker of chronic stress. To do so, we examined the HCC levels of chronic stress during the transition to memory care. Newly admitted memory care residents (N = 13, mean age = 82) were followed over nine months. Residents’ hair samples and health information were collected at three-month intervals. HCC in individuals with dementia (16.29 pg/mg) were considerably lower than older adults without dementia (30.48-57.8 pg/mg). Transition to memory care was associated with significantly decreased HCC levels (β = -.70, p &lt; .001). Depression (β = -.32, p &lt; .05) and psychotropic medication use (β = -.20, p &lt; .01) facilitated the rate of HCC decline. Additionally, greater fluctuations in HCC over time were associated with higher HCC levels (β = .048, p &lt; .05). Elevated HCC levels were related to poor functional capabilities (β = 8.31, p &lt; .05), low social engagement (β = -6.01, p &lt; 05), and poor overall QOL (β = -3.61, p &lt; .01). These results underscore the significance of positive care environments to minimize chronic stress in individuals with dementia and indicate that HCC may be a useful stress measure in this population.
LINKING VISUAL-SOMATOSENSORY INTEGRATION TO COGNITIVE AND MOTOR OUTCOMES IN AGING
Authors: Mahoney Jeannette R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ability to successfully integrate simultaneous information relayed across multiple sensory systems is an integral aspect of daily functioning. Unisensory impairments have been individually linked to slower gait, functional decline, and increased risks for falls in aging. Yet, research investigating age-related changes in multisensory integration (MSI) processes still remains relatively scarce. To date, there has been converging evidence for larger behavioral multisensory effects in older compared to younger adults; however, the question of whether larger effects are actually beneficial remains largely unanswered. Findings from our studies provide support for differential multisensory processing in aging, where decreased magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration was associated with worse balance, increased falls, and slower gait. Furthermore, we established a link between visual-somatosensory integration and cognition in aging. That is, magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration was largest in older adults with normal cognitive functioning, and presence of MCI/dementia significantly decreased magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration which in turn adversely impacted balance and gait performance. While the effect of MSI has been attributed to basic degenerative changes in neuronal architecture during the aging process, this speculative interpretation has yet to be formally tested. Future studies are clearly needed to establish the structural and functional correlates of MSI in aging, specifically visual-somatosensory integration, in order to further establish the link between differential multisensory effects with other important age-related clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, these studies stress the importance of successful MSI in aging, and highlight the need for multisensory based interventions that could potentially ameliorate disability.
RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Vieira Edgar R , Fontes Fabieli , Filho Bartolomeu , Cavalcanti Fabricia , Gazzola Juliana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the probability of the risk of falls in the older adults with type 2 diabetes. One-hundred and eleven older adults (age: 69±7 years) with type 2 diabetes participated in this cross-sectional observational study. The participants sociodemographics, physical function, cognitive status (Mini Mental State Exam – MEEM and Geriatric Depression Scale – GDS), balance (Mini BEST test), functional performance (WHODAS 2.0) and falls risk (Quick Screen Clinical Falls Risk Assessment – QuickScreen) were evaluated. The data was analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests (p&lt;0.05). Thirty percent of the participants had fallen during the previous 12 months, and 80% of the participants reported fear of falling. The average number of falls risks was 3.5±2. Increased number of falls risks were associated with lower educational level (p=0.005), poorer general health (p=0.001), vision impairment (p=0.017), higher number of diseases (p&lt;0.0001), higher number of medications (p&lt;0.0001), longer diabetes duration (p&lt;0.0001), lower limb pain (p&lt;0.0001), depression (p&lt;0.001), worse functional performance (p&lt;0.0001), and worse balance (p&lt;0.0001). Older adults with type 2 diabetes with lower education, worse health and vision, greater number of diseases and medications, longer diagnosis of diabetes, lower limb pain, depressive symptoms, worse functional performance and balance presented more risks for falls.
FALLS AND NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG RURAL STATE RESIDENTS
Authors: Wingood Mariana , Gell Nancy M , Tarleton Emily 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Vermont continues to have one of the nation’s highest fall rates and its rurality may be a contributing factor. The purpose of our study was to compare fall history and nutritional risk (a fall risk factor also associated with rurality) in participants from rural and metropolitan areas. We collected data at statewide community-based fall risk screenings. During the events, nutritional data was collected using the DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Screening Tool Questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics (chi2) to examine the relationship between fall history, nutritional risk, and rurality. From 123 subjects, 67% were classified as rural residents. There was no relationship between fall history and nutritional risk (p=0.6). Compared to rural residents, a significantly higher percentage of those living in metropolitan areas reported falls (54% versus 35% p=0.05). However, metropolitan residents were not at higher nutritional risk (49% versus 54%, p=0.61). National nutritional risk rates are lacking, but food insecurity is associated with nutritional risk. Our overall reported high nutritional risk (20%) is higher than the prevalence of food insecurity, both nationally (11%) and in Vermont (9%). In conclusion, we did not identify a relationship between fall history and nutritional risk. We did find a higher percentage of metropolitan residents reporting falls. Furthermore, we identified that DETERMINE is a feasible nutritional screening tool to use at fall risk screenings. It can be used to identify community-dwelling older adults at nutritional risk, but it may not have the sensitivity to identify an association between nutritional risk and falls.
INDOOR AND REAL-LIFE OUTDOOR GAIT SPEED AND ITS ASSOCIATION ON GEOGRAPHIC LIFE-SPACE AND OUTDOOR MOBILITY
Authors: Wong Chek Hooi , Tan Pey June , Chong Mei Sian , Mallya Jagadish U , Ginting Mimaika L , Ng Isabel H , Ho Soon Hoe , Yuen Belinda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Independent outdoor mobility is important to community-dwelling older adults as it enables reach and access to resources for everyday activities, but this becomes increasingly challenging with the progressive decline in physical performance in ageing. We aim to understand the relationship between Indoor (IGS) and Real-Life Outdoor Gait Speed (OGS) with objectively-measured geographic life-space extent and outdoor mobility among community-ambulant older adults in Singapore. Thirty-three participants aged ≥55 years living in three neighbourhoods wore hybrid mobility trackers continuously for 7 days. Baseline 6-metre IGS was measured with a stopwatch, while OGS was from outdoor accelerometer data. Nodes were defined as significant places visited for ≥5 minutes. Multiple linear regressions examined each association between IGS and OGS on geographic life-space extent and outdoor mobility measures adjusting for confounders. Participants’ mean age was 69.2±7.1 years with mean IGS and OGS of 1.11m/s and 0.85m/s respectively. They spent on average 4.7 hours/day out-of-home with the majority (57%) of nodes located within 500m from home. There were no significant associations between gait speeds and geographic life-space measures. Higher OGS was associated with higher total number of nodes/week while higher IGS was significantly associated with lower percentage of nodes within 500m from home. Our findings highlighted the complexity and multi-dimensionality of independent outdoor mobility as both gait speed performances were not significantly associated with geographic life-space extent, but rather with spatiotemporal interaction and opportunities to access locations for older adults’ daily activities.
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL AND KNOWLEDGE AS RISK FACTORS FOR HIGH FEAR OF FALLING IN OLDER AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Tan Pey June , Ng Reuben , Chan Angelique , Mallya Jagadish U , Ismail Noor Hafizah , Wong Chek Hooi , Tay Peter K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fear-of-falling (FOF) can be adaptive or maladaptive depending on one’s appraisal of knowledge and beliefs, but few have elucidated this cognitive process in older adults surrounding falls. We aim to identify risk factors for high FOF amongst community-dwelling older adults (OA) and middle-aged adults (MA) in Singapore. This was a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of OA (≥60 years) and MA (40-59 years) identified by stratified random sampling. Primary outcome was high FOF measured by a single-item (4-point scale). Independent variables were history-of-falls, quality-of-life, fall-related cognitive appraisal (balance problems, importance to restrict activities to prevent falls) and knowledge indicators (knowledge of other OA who fell, ability to identify out of 13 fall risk factors). MA were also asked if they’re caregivers. Multiple logistic regressions identified risk factors for high FOF separately by age-groups, adjusting for socio-demographics and comorbidities. The final analysis included 549 OA (70.6±6.88 years) and 309 MA (49.7±5.89 years). No differences in high FOF was found among OA and MA (37% vs. 38%, p=0.305), but there were more falls among OA (19% vs 12%, p=0.010). Higher knowledge of fall risk factors and self-reported balance problems were significant risk factors for high FOF among OA only, while a history-of-falls and being a caregiver were significant among MA only. Perceived importance to restrict activities was associated with high FOF in both age-groups. Although findings suggest differences in the mechanism of high FOF between OA and MA, both age-groups have maladaptive appraisal tendencies related to restrict activities to prevent falls.
FRESH AND LEAN BEEF INTAKE IN RELATION TO FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AMONG U.S. OLDER ADULTS, 2005-2016
Authors: An Ruopeng , Nickols-Richardson Sharon , Alston Reginald , Shen Sa , Clarke Caitlin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Beef is a key component in the American diet. This study assessed fresh and fresh lean beef intake in relation to functional limitations among U.S. older adults 65 years and older. Logistic regressions were performed on individual-level 24-hour dietary recall and health indicator data (N=6,135) retrieved from 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Approximately 51%, 14%, and 9% of older adults consumed beef, fresh beef, and fresh lean beef, respectively. Daily increase in fresh beef consumption by 1 ounce-equivalent was associated with a reduction in the odds of lower extremity mobility limitation (LEM) by 16% (95% confidence interval=4%–27%), general physical activities limitation by 13% (1%–24%), and any functional limitation by 14% (2%–24%). Daily increase in fresh lean beef consumption by 1 ounce-equivalent was associated with a reduction in the odds of LEM by 22% (7%–34%) and any functional limitation by 15% (1%–28%). No association with activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, or leisure and social activities limitations was identified. In conclusion, preliminary evidence links fresh and fresh lean beef consumption to reduced functional limitation risk. Older beef consumers are encouraged to modestly increase their intakes of fresh and lean beef, rather than total beef, to maximize attributes of functional health associated with beef consumption while concurrently avoiding additional saturated fat and sodium intake. Limitations of this study include measurement errors and cross-sectional study design. Future studies with longitudinal/experimental design are warranted to examine the influence of fresh/lean beef consumption on functional limitations among older adults.
PATTERNS OF DISABILITY ACCORDING TO ENROLLMENT TO HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AMONG ADULTS AGE 50 AND OLDER IN MEXICO
Authors: Castro Eduardo Cabrero 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim is to describe and analyze the progression of the limitation in the Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in the period 2012 - 2015, in adults over 50, grouped by their enrollment to public health services and private health institutions in Mexico (6 groups). The sociodemographic and health characteristics of each set of adults are included in this study. Disability is measured using the ADL scale. Data come from the longitudinal Mexican Health and Aging Study in the years 2012 and 2015. Multinomial logistic regressions and multi-state life tables were carried out for the analysis. Between 35% and 50% of the participants with disabilities at the beginning of the study, recovered their functionality regardless of which health institution they were enrolled to. Those individuals enrolled in two or more institutions are .33 times more likely to have no disability, compared to those who are not enrolled in any institution. Transition probabilities from active life to ADL disability rise sharply with age until 86 years old (21%), from which it begins to descend. Conditional life expectancy estimates for those initially healthy at the age 60 is 30.07 years. Of the above, 4.74 years are lived with disabilities. The disability process follows different trajectories in each group of enrollees. These trajectories were associated with socioeconomic and health factors (age, sex, diabetes and cognition). Being enrolled in 2 or more institutions is related to the prevention of disability. This is probably due to the increased access to health services.
FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS FOR ELDER ABUSE VICTIMS SEEKING HELP: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL ELDER MISTREATMENT STUDY
Authors: Burnes David , Acierno Ron , Hernandez-Tejada Melba 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Understanding help-seeking among victims of elder abuse is a critical challenge in the field. The vast majority of elder abuse victims remain hidden from formal support/protective response systems, such as adult protective services, legal/justice, law enforcement, or other agencies responsible for addressing this issue in the community. Guided by the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, this study examined factors that facilitate or impede formal help-seeking among victims of elder emotional, physical and sexual abuse, represented by a call for help in the form of a report to police or other authorities. Data came from a national, population-based elder abuse study in the U.S. with a representative sample (n=304) of victims reporting abuse in the past year. Gold-standard measurement strategies were used to assess each elder abuse subtype. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify help-seeking facilitators/barriers. Help-seeking through reporting to police or other authorities occurred among only 15.4% of elder abuse victims nationwide. Help-seeking was predicted by factors attached to the victim (abuse type, poly-victimization), perpetrator (prior police trouble, social network size), and victim-perpetrator relationship (victim dependence on perpetrator). This study highlights the extremely hidden nature of elder abuse in our society, as well as the need to develop strategies that incorporate victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator relationship factors to promote greater help-seeking among victims.
ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND EXPLOITATION IN ASSISTED LIVING: AN EXAMINATION OF LONG-TERM CARE OMBUDSMAN COMPLAINT DATA
Authors: Magruder Karen , Xu Ling , Fields Noelle L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adult Protective Services (APS) has seen cases of elder abuse increase recently and older adults living in long-term care facilities are subject to abuse, neglect and exploitation (ANE) at higher rates than community-dwelling seniors. However, there is scant empirical literature about ANE in assisted living (AL) settings and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). The purpose of this study is to examine ANE complaints in AL and SNFs as recorded by Long-term Care Ombudsman Programs (LTCOPs) utilizing secondary data from a statewide database as well as an agency database used by staff ombudsmen who work in a large Metropolitan city in Texas. The sample included 140,497 complaints made at 1,940 licensed ALs with approximately 45,107 residents and 1,231 SNFs with 93,932 residents in Texas from 2010-2017. The percent of total complaints coded as ANE was higher in AL (2.01%) than in SNFs (1.46%) (p &lt; .001). However, after controlling for number of residents, the rate of total ANE complaints per resident was higher (0.019) in SNF compared to AL (0.007) (z = -17.221, p &lt;. 001). The incidence of financial exploitation was significantly higher in AL (23.46%) than in SNF (11.90%) (z = 5.582, p &lt; .001). The percentage of verbal/psychological abuse in SNF (34.78%) was significantly higher than that in AL (23.4%) (z = -2.238, p &lt; .05). Study findings contribute to the knowledge about the prevalence and nature of ANE in long-term care communities and bolster support for increased AL ombudsman presence, staff training, resident-centered care models, and AL oversight.
POLICIES AND PREVENTION OF U.S. WOMEN’S VIOLENT DEATH ACROSS AGES
Authors: Salari Sonia L , Sillito Carrie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
U.S. violent death rates (homicide and suicide) are the highest in the developed world. Of all female murders (femicide), the majority are male perpetrated, intimate partner violence (IPV- 55-63%). Men are more often killed and by other male acquaintances, with only 2.8% IPV. Proportionally, older women (50+) have the top homicide victim rate (26%) among women. The baby boom cohort has been suicidal and aging has exacerbated the problem. Women are less likely to kill themselves, and the methods differ. We ask are mid and later life women’s lethal victimization similar to younger women? What are policy implications for prevention? Our research uses national level data from news surveillance of 728 intimate partner homicide suicide (IPHS) events and the State Firearm Law Database (SFLD) to improve our understanding of violent cause mortality by sex, age, method and location. IPHS patterns show 90% of events used firearm and 90% were male perpetrated. Results of multivariate analyses show young women had greater awareness and fear before IPHS. Evidence finds older men sometimes decided to kill their IP as part of their own suicide, without a history of known domestic violence. Older women have disproportionately low use of shelters, police and protective orders. SFLD shows population adjusted states with more DV firearms laws have significantly fewer IPHS events. Firearm culture has restricted research, blocked law enforcement and has done little to reduce gun access in households with vulnerable populations (e.g., suicidal husbands). Lethality Assessment Protocols could be modified for elder women’s unique situation.
ADVANCING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE OF AGING THROUGH A PRACTICE-BASED DATA SCIENCE APPROACH
Authors: Lucero Robert , Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two hundred and fifty thousand older adults die annually in United States hospitals because of iatrogenic conditions (ICs). Clinicians, aging experts, patient advocates and federal policy makers agree that there is a need to enhance the safety of hospitalized older adults through improved identification and prevention of ICs. To this end, we are building a research program with the goal of enhancing the safety of hospitalized older adults by reducing ICs through an effective learning health system. Leveraging unique electronic data and healthcare system and human resources at the University of Florida, we are applying a state-of-the-art practice-based data science approach to identify risk factors of ICs (e.g., falls) from structured (i.e., nursing, clinical, administrative) and unstructured or text (i.e., registered nurse’s progress notes) data. Our interdisciplinary academic-clinical partnership includes scientific and clinical experts in patient safety, care quality, health outcomes, nursing and health informatics, natural language processing, data science, aging, standardized terminology, clinical decision support, statistics, machine learning, and hospital operations. Results to date have uncovered previously unknown fall risk factors within nursing (i.e., physical therapy initiation), clinical (i.e., number of fall risk increasing drugs, hemoglobin level), and administrative (i.e., Charlson Comorbidity Index, nurse skill mix, and registered nurse staffing ratio) structured data as well as patient cognitive, environmental, workflow, and communication factors in text data. The application of data science methods (i.e., machine learning and text-mining) and findings from this research will be used to develop text-mining pipelines to support sustained data-driven interdisciplinary aging studies to reduce ICs.