bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors in Orthopaedic Residency Decision-making for Female Applicants: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Goss Madison L. , McNutt Sarah E. , Hallan David R. , Bible Jesse E. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Orthopaedics continues to remain the medical specialty with the lowest sex diversity in the United States. Orthopaedic residency programs are highly motivated to attract the best female candidates in an effort to improve their program diversity, but no studies currently exist that examine the factors of highest importance to female applicants for orthopaedic residency selection.

Methods:
A two-part survey was sent to female orthopaedic residents by e-mails available in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery directory, residency program coordinators, Doximity, and institutional websites. The survey included 17 characteristics of residency programs that participants were asked to score for importance and then asked to rank their top five most influential factors when selecting an orthopaedic surgery residency.

Results:
The most important factors included camaraderie among residents, happiness of current residents, variety/number of cases, fellowship placement, and early surgical/clinical experience, respectively. The least important factors included sex diversity of faculty and residents, number of female residents, concurrent fellows, number of female faculty geographic location near spouse, and finally, attitudes toward maternity leave.

Discussion:
These data support the notion that efforts by orthopaedic residency programs to improve desirability for female applicants should focus on highlighting some of the more universal, nonsex-related factors such as the happiness and camaraderie among residents and the anticipated clinical experiences. This is opposed to showcasing features, such as maternity leave and number of current female faculty or residents, which would seemingly appeal to female applicants.
Foresight Development Strategy of the Financial Capacity: Comparative Study of the Ukrainian Agricultural Sector
Authors: Radchenko Oksana , Semenyshena Nataliia , Sadovska Iryna , Nahirska Kateryna , Pokotylska Nataliia 
Published: April 2020

The system of foresight methods is most often used to solve research problems that are distinguished from the continuity of historical chronology. The aim of our study is to search for new approaches to measuring, assessing and forecasting the economic and financial potential of the agricultural sector, in order to develop an adequate public administration strategy. We have set the task to answer what effect this trend will have for the agricultural sector and the economy of Ukraine in the coming years. We used normative-system analysis - an approach that allows to identify measures that stimulate or limit the implementation of a particular scenario for a particular research subject. This method is aimed at formulating policies and foresight strategies, which are implemented by calculating the financial potential of the agricultural industry. The basis of the research was the hypothesis that the financial potential of the macro level should be analyzed according to the current foresight strategy method, which involves (i) identifying the object of forecasting (agrarian sector), (ii) determining the essential conditions (targets that the financial potential for sustainable development should correspond to), (iii) scanning the environment (what resources and types of potential are related to financial), and (v) identifying alternatives and possible future scenarios (building a balance sheet of financial resources). The results of the statistical analysis suggested that the main determinants of the financial potential are: the volumes, structure, and proportions of reproduction. Furthermore, the efficiency and strength of financial potential are compared with the main macroeconomic indicators of rural development. The results revealed that the necessity of state regulation of financial flows connected with the agrarian sector is substantiated by monitoring the process of forming financial flows in a number of key parameters with the aim of observing the equivalence of all management forms to financial resources. This research contributes to the previous literature on Ukraine context, where we proposed ways to improve the quality of financial potential, the conditions for its formation and distribution and redistribution in accordance with the National Concept for the Development of the Agrarian Sector (2015). Additionally, this research will pave the way for the adaptation of foreign experience, including international comparisons of financial flows and state support.
Evaluation of chemical control for nonnative crayfish at a warm-water fish production hatchery
Authors: Allert Ann L. , McKee Michael J. , DiStefano Robert J. , Fairchild James F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Invasive crayfish are known to displace native crayfish species, alter aquatic habitat and community structure and function, and are serious pests for fish hatcheries. White River Crawfish (WRC; Procambarus acutus) were inadvertently introduced to a warm-water fish hatchery in Missouri, USA, possibly in an incoming fish shipment. We evaluated the use of chemical control for crayfish to ensure incoming and outgoing fish shipments from hatcheries do not contain live crayfish. We conducted acute (≤ 24 hr) static toxicity tests to determine potency, dose-response, and selectivity of pesticides to WRC, Virile Crayfish (VC; Orconectes virilis), and Fathead Minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas). Testing identified a formulation of cypermethrin (Cynoff®) as the most potent of five pesticides evaluated for toxicity to crayfish. A 4-hr exposure to a cypermethrin concentration of 100 μg·L-1 was found to kill 100% of juvenile and adult WRC; however, adult VC were not consistently killed. Concentrations of cypermethrin ≤ 100 μg·L-1 did not cause significant (> 10%) mortality in juvenile FHM. Additional testing is needed to examine selectivity between crayfish and hatchery fish species. Biosecurity protocols at hatcheries that use chemical control have the potential to reliably prevent inadvertent transfers of live crayfish in fish shipments.
Basic psychological needs and subjective well-being in Portuguese older people
Authors: Couto Nuno , Antunes Raul , Monteiro Diogo , Moutão João , Marinho Daniel A. , Cid Luís 
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es la validación de la versión en portugués de la Escala General de Satisfacción de Necesidades Básicas (BNSG-S: Sousa, Pais Ribeiro, Palmeira, Teixeira, y Silva, 2012) en una muestra de personas mayores portuguesas, y analizarlas mediante ecuaciones estructurales modelar el efecto de la percepción global de los ancianos portugueses sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas en el bienestar subjetivo. En este estudio se recorreou dos muestras de ancianos portugueses de entre 60 y 90 años de edad.
Los resultados revelan que solo el Modelo 3 del BNSG-S (3 factores, 11 ítems) mostró buenos resultados de ajuste a los datos (χ² = 103,16, df = 41, SRMR = .05, TLI = .90, CFI = .93, RMSEA = .07, 90% CI = .05-.08). En la segunda parte del estudio, verificamos que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas tiene un efecto positivo en el bienestar subjetivo en los ancianos portugueses.
En presencia de esta evidencia, llegamos a la conclusión de que la versión portuguesa del BNSG-S puede utilizarse como un medio para evaluar la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de la población de mayor edad y su satisfacción tiene un efecto positivo sobre el bienestar subjetivo en La población portuguesa de más edad.
This study’s goal is the validation of the Portuguese version of the Basic Need Satisfaction General Scale (BNSG-S: Sousa, Pais Ribeiro, Palmeira, Teixeira, & Silva, 2012) in a sample of Portuguese older people, and analyze through a structural equations model the effect of the Portuguese elderly individuals’ global perception about the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on subjective well-being. Two samples of Portuguese elderly people aged between 60 and 90 years old were considered in this study.
The results reveal that only Model 3 of the BNSG-S (3 factors, 11 items) showed good results of adjustment to the data (χ²=103,16, df=41, SRMR=.05, TLI=.90, CFI=.93, RMSEA=.07, 90% CI=.05-.08). In the second part of the study, we verified that satisfaction of basic psychological needs has a positive effect on subjective well-being in Portuguese elderly people.
In the presence of this evidence, we concluded that the Portuguese version of the BNSG-S can be used as a means to evaluate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of the older population and their satisfaction has a positive effect on subjective well-being in the Portuguese older population.
Social Support, Self-Esteem and Quality of Life among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Jammu & Kashmir India
Authors: Wani Mohammad Amin 
Published: April 2020

Background: The cardinal aim of the present study was to assess the level of social support, self esteem and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jammu and Kashmir State of India. Further, the study strived to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Method: The study consists a sample of 460 AIDS patients selected through purposive sampling technique, out of them 177 (38.3%) were male, 283 (61.5%) were female patients; 295 (64.1%) were married and 165 (35.9%) were unmarried. Measures included Enriched Social Support Inventory by Mitchell et al., (2003), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and Quality of Life Scale by Sharma & Nasreen (2014). For the statistical analysis of data Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency distribution, t-test, one way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and Scheffe’s post hoc test was applied by SPSS 20.0 version. Findings: The findings illustrated that majority of patients have poor social support, lower self-esteem and poor quality of life; also it reveals that patient’s social support, and self-esteem differs by age, occupation, duration of illness, gender, and marital status. However their quality of life differs only by their age, occupation, duration of illness, and marital status. Further the result shows social support and self-esteem are positively correlated with quality of life.
Background: The cardinal aim of the present study was to assess the level of social support, self esteem and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jammu and Kashmir State of India. Further, the study strived to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Method: The study consists a sample of 460 AIDS patients selected through purposive sampling technique, out of them 177 (38.3%) were male, 283 (61.5%) were female patients; 295 (64.1%) were married and 165 (35.9%) were unmarried. Measures included Enriched Social Support Inventory by Mitchell et al., (2003), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and Quality of Life Scale by Sharma & Nasreen (2014). For the statistical analysis of data Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency distribution, t-test, one way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and Scheffe’s post hoc test was applied by SPSS 20.0 version. Findings: The findings illustrated that majority of patients have poor social support, lower self-esteem and poor quality of life; also it reveals that patient’s social support, and self-esteem differs by age, occupation, duration of illness, gender, and marital status. However their quality of life differs only by their age, occupation, duration of illness, and marital status. Further the result shows social support and self-esteem are positively correlated with quality of life.
The effect of perception of organizational politics on professionals’ engagement: the moderating role of the psychological safety climate
Authors: Chinelato Renata Silva de Carvalho , Tavares Susana Maria de Oliveira e Mota , Ferreira Maria Cristina , Valentini Felipe 
Published: April 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue probar empíricamente la hipótesis de que el clima de seguridad psicológica de la organización y la percepción de las políticas de la organización predicen hasta qué punto los empleados se sienten comprometidos con su trabajo. El uso de modelos jerárquicos lineales y los datos recopilados de 1,244 empleados en 64 organizaciones, el clima de seguridad psicológica a nivel organizativo y la percepción de la política organizacional a nivel de los empleados predijo la participación laboral de los empleados. También hubo una interacción significativa en todos los niveles, de modo que el efecto negativo de la percepción de las políticas organizacionales se amplificó en organizaciones con un clima de seguridad psicológica positivo. En otras palabras, la seguridad psicológica organizacional beneficia más el compromiso laboral de los individuos cuando perciben la existencia de políticas organizacionales bajas. Los resultados ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos por los cuales el contexto organizativo percibido puede influir en el compromiso laboral de los empleados y resaltar la importancia de la coherencia organizativa percibida en la promoción del compromiso laboral dentro de su organización. Los profesionales y gerentes de Recursos Humanos deben promover reuniones frecuentes con los trabajadores y aplicar otras prácticas que puedan impulsar un clima seguro para los empleados.
The purpose of this research was to empirically test the hypothesis that the organizational psychological safety climate and the perception of organizational politics predict the extent to which employees feel engaged in their work. Using hierarchical linear modeling and data collected from 1,244 employees in 64 organizations, organizational level psychological safety climate and employee-level perception of organizational politics predicted employee work engagement. There was also significant cross-level interaction, so that the negative effect of the perception of organizational politics was amplified in organizations with a positive psychological safety climate. In other words, organizational psychological safety benefits the work engagement of individuals more when they perceive the existence of low organizational politics. The results offer insight into the mechanisms by which the perceived organizational context may influence employees’ work engagement and highlight the importance for the perceived organizational consistency in the promotion of work engagement within their organization. Human Resource professionals and managers should promote frequent meetings with the workers and apply other practices that can boost a safe climate for the employees.
L’influence des médias sur la formation de la confiance du public en l’administration de la justice pénale
Authors: Dzierlatka Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

La prolifération et la modernisation des moyens de communication par voie écrite ou audiovisuelle, ou plus récemment les communications au public en ligne, par l’entremise du réseau Internet, n’ont eu de cesse que d’accroître la médiatisation des affaires pénales, ces dernières occupant dorénavant une place singulière dans la sphère médiatique. La publicisation de certaines affaires judiciaires poursuit deux objectifs : l’un de transparence, attribut nécessaire à toute société libre et démocratique ; l’autre pédagogique, permettant aux citoyens, profanes du fonctionnement de l’administration de la justice, de se familiariser avec cette technicité. Ces attributs sont tous deux essentiels à la promotion de la confiance du public.
La procédure en matière criminelle et pénale, vulgarisée par les médias pour en faciliter la compréhension, reflète un cheminement complexe et pluriel, allant de la comparution à la détermination de la peine en passant par la communication de la preuve. Sans remettre en question la nécessité d’une visibilité et d’une transparence des affaires judiciaires, il faut néanmoins se préserver d’en simplifier irréductiblement la complexité, et ce, pour éviter toute dénaturation prêtant à confusion dans l’esprit du public. Galvanisant l’activité judiciaire en cultivant le « sensationnel », les médias font courir le risque de ternir l’image de l’administration de la justice pénale, ce qui entretient alors la défiance et le scepticisme du public à l’égard du système judiciaire. L’auteur a choisi d’analyser le rapport entre les médias et la justice sous l’angle de la confiance du public : il présente ainsi un regard croisé sur le droit et le journalisme à travers une étude des systèmes judiciaires de la France et du Canada.
Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaverGasteracantha cancriformis
Authors: Chamberland Lisa , Salgado-Roa Fabian C. , Basco Alma , Crastz-Flores Amanda , Binford Greta J. , Agnarsson Ingi 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundModern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesisGasteracantha cancriformiscircumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics,G. cancriformisis the only morphological species ofGasteracanthain the New World in this globally distributed genus.MethodsWe inferred phylogenetic relationships across Neotropical populations ofGasteracanthausing three target genes. Within the Caribbean, we estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among island populations.ResultsOur findings revealed a single widespread species ofGasteracanthathroughout the Caribbean,G. cancriformis, while suggesting two recently divergent mainland populations that may represent separate species, diverging linages, or geographically isolated demes. The concatenated andCOI(Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) phylogeny supported a Caribbean clade nested within the New World. Genetic variability was high between island populations for ourCOIdataset; however, gene flow was also high, especially between large, adjacent islands. We found structured genetic and morphological variation withinG. cancriformisisland populations; however, this variation does not reflect genealogical relationships. Rather, isolation by distance and local morphological adaptation may explain the observed variation.
Returns to Investing in Commodity Futures: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff
Authors: Irwin Scott H. , Sanders Dwight R. , Smith Aaron , Main Scott 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCommodity futures investment grew rapidly after its popularity exploded in the mid‐2000s. However, real‐time performance has been disappointing. Our analysis shows that the disappointing commodity returns were not driven mechanically by contango or negative “roll yields.” We show that the expected return to individual commodity futures is near zero before expenses, which implies net losses (before interest earnings) will be equal to order execution and operating costs estimated at 3%–4% per year. Finally, it is likely that rapid increases in commodity prices during 2004–2008 skewed investor return expectations upward much like it did in the early 1970s.
The mediating role of visceral adiposity in the relationship among schooling, physical inactivity, and unhealthy metabolic phenotype
Authors: Ferreira Fabrícia Geralda , Juvanhol Leidjaira Lopes , Silva‐Costa Aline , Longo Giana Zarbato 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of visceral adiposity, as assessed by the visceral adiposity index (VAI), in the relationship among schooling, physical inactivity, and unhealthy metabolic phenotype (UMP).MethodsA cross‐sectional population‐based study was conducted with 854 adult individuals of both sexes from a Brazilian city. Data were collected through interviews, anthropometric evaluation, and clinical and laboratorial tests. We used multivariate path analysis, which simultaneously analyzes multiple relationships between variables. The analyses were adjusted by sex and age and stratified according to nutritional status.ResultsA positive direct effect of visceral adiposity on the UMP was observed for normal weight, standardized estimate (SE) = 0.632; confidence interval (CI 95%) = 0.547, 0.707) and overweight individuals (SE = 0.732; CI 95% = 0.647, 0.808), and negative direct effect of schooling on physical inactivity (normal weight: SE = −0.408; CI 95% = −0.550, −0.265) and overweight (SE = −0.304; CI 95% = −0.479, −0.129). Among normal‐weight individuals, there was a positive direct effect (SE = 0.193; CI 95% = 0.059, 0.328) of physical inactivity on VAI. In relation to indirect effects, there was a mediating role of visceral adiposity in the association of schooling level and physical inactivity with the UMP only among normal‐weight individuals.ConclusionsVisceral adiposity has a direct effect on the UMP regardless of nutritional status, and there is a mediating effect of VAI on the relationship among schooling, physical inactivity, and UMP in normal‐weight individuals.
Strong Visible‐Light‐Absorbing Cuprous Sensitizers for Dramatically Boosting Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Kai‐Kai , Guo Song , Liu Heyuan , Li Xiyou , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeveloping strong visible‐light‐absorbing (SVLA) earth‐abundant photosensitizers (PSs) for significantly improving the utilization of solar energy is highly desirable, yet it remains a great challenge. Herein, we adopt a through‐bond energy transfer (TBET) strategy by bridging boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) and a CuI complex with an electronically conjugated bridge, resulting in the first SVLA CuI PSs (Cu‐2 and Cu‐3). Cu‐3 has an extremely high molar extinction coefficient of 162 260 m−1 cm−1 at 518 nm, over 62 times higher than that of traditional CuI PS (Cu‐1). The photooxidation activity of Cu‐3 is much greater than that of Cu‐1 and noble‐metal PSs (Ru(bpy)32+ and Ir(ppy)3+) for both energy‐ and electron‐transfer reactions. Femto‐ and nanosecond transient absorption and theoretical investigations demonstrate that a “ping‐pong” energy‐transfer process in Cu‐3 involving a forward singlet TBET from Bodipy to the CuI complex and a backward triplet‐triplet energy transfer greatly contribute to the long‐lived and Bodipy‐localized triplet excited state.