bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of temperament and character traits of patients with severe acne
Authors: Altunisik Nihal , Cansel Neslihan , Turkmen Dursun , Ucuz Ilknur , Cumurcu Hatice Birgül 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The relationship between personality and acne development has not been fully explained, and to the best of our knowledge, there are a limited number of studies in the literature evaluating temperament and character traits of individuals with acne.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate temperament‐character traits of individuals with severe acne and to compare them with healthy controls.Patients/MethodsThis study was conducted on 51 patients who admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic with complaint of acne and were diagnosed with severe AV and 47 healthy individuals, as a control group. All individuals included in the study participated voluntarily. The forms including sociodemographic data, clinical information, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were applied to the patient and control groups.ResultsThe scores of scales/subscales of exploration (NS1), persistence (P), responsibility (S1), purposefulness (S2), resourcefulness (S3), self‐acceptance (S4), enlightened 2nd nature (S5), self‐directedness (S), integrated conscience (C5), and cooperativeness (C) were statistically significantly lower, and the scores of scales/subscales of worry and pessimism (HA1), fear of uncertainty (HA2), shyness (HA3), fatiguability (HA4), and harm avoidance (HA) were statistically significantly higher in the patient group, in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsWhen we evaluated the patients with severe acne in terms of temperament and character features, we concluded that individuals’ feeling of discomfort about their appearance may cause them to be less sociable, more anxious, and to have low resourcefulness and virtues.
Examining the consistency of the good target across contexts and domains of personality
Authors: Wallace Jessica D. , Biesanz Jeremy C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveGood targets are those individuals who are seen more accurately than others. The present study examines the extent to which the good target is consistent across two domains and two contexts as well as how being perceived accurately is moderated by target well‐being.MethodN = 194 participants completed a round‐robin forming first impressions design, wrote short essays on five life domains and completed a self‐report including measures of well‐being. An additional N = 211 participants read the essays to assess the author’s personality. We used the social accuracy model to allow for detailed analysis of individual differences among targets across traits and motives.ResultsWe found support for the theory that the good target generalizes across both contexts and domains and also found evidence for a likable target. Target well‐being was not consistently associated with the good target across contexts and domains, though target well‐being was a consistent moderator for the likable target.ConclusionThe good target is consistent across contexts and domains, but target well‐being is not a consistent moderator of distinctive accuracy beyond in‐person perceptions of traits. The likable target is more consistent across contexts and domains and has stronger links to target well‐being.
Sleep quantity and its relation with physical activity in children with cerebral palsy; insights using actigraphy
Authors: Smit Denise J M , Zwinkels Maremka , Takken Tim , Hulst Raquel Y , de Groot Janke F , Lankhorst Kristel , Verschuren Olaf 
Published: July 2020

AimTo objectively assess the sleep quantity, and explore the relationships between sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted. In total, 36 children with spastic CP (mean age 15y 4mo, SD 2y 6mo; classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I (25), II (9), III (1) and IV (1)) were included. Active time, sedentary time and sleep quantity were measured using an activity monitor for 7 consecutive days.ResultsTotal sleep duration of children with CP ranged between 7.2 and 11.2 h. No significant correlations were found between active time and sleep quantity for total week, weekdays, and weekend days. Moderate negative correlations were found between sedentary time and sleep quantity during total week (r = −0.456, P = 0.005), weekdays (r = −0.453, P = 0.006) and weekend days (r = −0.48, P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that children with CP are getting the recommended sleep duration, and that sedentary behaviour is correlated with sleep quantity in children with CP and may be more applicable to children with better motor functions. Future studies using more elaborate, objective sleep quantity and quality measures are recommended.
Spatial predictors of genomic and phenotypic variation differ in a lowland Middle American bird (Icterus gularis)
Authors: Moreira Lucas R. , Hernandez_Ba_os Blanca E. , Smith Brian Tilston 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpatial patterns of intraspecific variation are shaped by geographical distance among populations, historical changes in gene flow and interactions with local environments. Although these factors are not mutually exclusive and operate on both genomic and phenotypic variation, it is unclear how they affect these two axes of variation. We address this question by exploring the predictors of genomic and phenotypic divergence inIcterus gularis, a broadly distributed Middle American bird that exhibits marked geographical variation in body size across its range. We combined a comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism and phenotypic data set to test whether genome_wide genetic and phenotypic differentiation are best explained by (i) isolation by distance, (ii) isolation by history or (iii) isolation by environment. We find that the pronounced genetic and phenotypic variation inI. gularisare only partially correlated and differ regarding spatial predictors. Whereas genomic variation is largely explained by historical barriers to gene flow, phenotypic diversity can be best predicted by contemporary environmental heterogeneity. Our genomic analyses reveal strong phylogeographical structure coinciding with the Chivela Pass at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec that was formed during the Pleistocene, when populations were isolated in north_south refugia. In contrast, we found a strong association between body size and environmental variables, such as temperature and precipitation. The relationship between body size and local climate is consistent with a pattern produced by either natural selection or environmental plasticity. Overall, these results provide empirical evidence for why phenotypic and genomic data are often in conflict in taxonomic and phylogeographical studies.
How do attending physicians describe cognitive overload among their workplace learners?
Authors: Sewell Justin L. , Santhosh Lekshmi , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesCognitive load theory (CLT) focuses on the limited bandwidth of working memory. Core to CLT is the concept of cognitive overload, which occurs when working memory demands exceed working memory capacity, and learning and performance suffer. Within health professions education (HPE), workplace learning settings are very complex, placing learners at high risk of cognitive overload. Although continuous monitoring of physiologic parameters can indicate states of high cognitive load, how to practically identify cognitively overloaded learners within everyday workplace settings is not well understood. We sought to characterise how attending physicians described their perceiving of cognitive overload among learners in two different workplace settings: the gastrointestinal endoscopy suite and the intensive care unit.MethodsWe performed a secondary qualitative analysis of transcripts of interviews with workplace teachers that had been carried out during two previous studies. These studies had addressed different objectives but both were informed by CLT. Each included questions that prompted participants to reflect on how they perceived cognitive overload to manifest among learners in the workplace. To investigate the phenomenon of cognitive overload, we developed a new codebook and performed content analysis.ResultsWe analysed 42 interview transcripts (22 endoscopists, 12 hospitalists, eight intensivists). Participants described four behaviours they had witnessed among learners they thought were cognitively overloaded: poor performance on workplace tasks; non‐verbal physical manifestations (including posture, eye and body movements and autonomic functions); verbal utterances (words and sounds), and interpersonal interactions with team members. Endoscopists often described individually oriented examples, whereas intensivists and hospitalists tended to frame examples within an interpersonal context.ConclusionsWe identified four overarching ways in which HPE workplace teachers perceived learners as appearing to be cognitively overloaded. Workplace teachers and learners should be mindful of and watch for these signs, which may signal states of cognitive overload. Earlier recognition of cognitive overload may facilitate timely action to reduce cognitive overload and promote learning.
Radiofrequency Thoracic Sympathectomy for Sympathetically Maintained Chronic Post‐Mastectomy Pain, a Preliminary Report: 6‐Month Results
Authors: Hetta Diab Fuad , Mohamed Ashraf Amin , Hetta Helal F. , Abd EL‐Hakeem Essam Ezzat , Boshra Madona Misheal , El‐Barody Mohamed Moamen , Fattah Mohammad Montaser A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimEvaluation of the analgesic efficacy of radiofrequency thoracic sympathectomy for sympathetically maintained post‐mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS).MethodsPatients with PMPS randomized to Group TS (n = 33) received radiofrequency thoracic sympathectomy, and those randomized to Group Sham (n = 33) received no radiofrequency current. Postoperative pain treatment consisted of duloxetine, pregabalin, and tramadol for both groups. The outcome variables were the proportion of patients who showed >50% reduction in their VAS pain score, the pain intensity measured by VAS score, and the global perceived effect (GPE) evaluated during the 6‐month follow‐up period.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients experienced >50% reduction in pain in Group TS (Group TS 25/30 [83.3%] vs. Group Sham 18/31 [58%], P = 0.032); the proportion of patients who experienced >50% reduction in their pain without analgesics was significantly higher in Group TS (Group TS 10/25 [40%] vs. Group Sham 0/18 [0%], P = 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of patients treated with tramadol + duloxetine + pregabalin who experienced >50% reduction in their pain was significantly lower in Group TS (Group TS 0/25 [0%] vs. Group Sham 13/18 [75%], P = 0.001). The VAS pain score was significantly lower in Group TS at 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months following the procedure. The GPE was significantly higher in Group TS (Group TS median GPE [interquartile range]) 7 [5, 7] vs. Group Sham median GPE [interquartile range]) 5 [4, 6]) P < 0.001).ConclusionsRadiofrequency thoracic sympathectomy for sympathetically maintained PMPS decreased VAS pain scores and reduced the need for anti‐neuropathic drugs, particularly opioid medications, and provided better patient satisfaction.
Mono‐ and Bis‐Alkylated Lumazine Sensitizers: Synthetic, Molecular Orbital Theory, Nucleophilic Index and Photochemical Studies
Authors: Sosa María José , Urrutia María Noel , Schilardi Patricia L. , Quindt Matías I. , Bonesi Sergio M. , Denburg Dobrushe , Vignoni Mariana , Greer Alexander , Greer Edyta M. , Thomas Andrés H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMono‐ and bis‐decylated lumazines have been synthesized and characterized. Namely, mono‐decyl chain [1‐decylpteridine‐2,4(1,3H)‐dione] 6a and bis‐decyl chain [1,3‐didecylpteridine‐2,4(1,3H)‐dione] 7a conjugates were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of lumazine with 1‐iododecane in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Decyl chain coupling occurred at the N1 site and then the N3 site in a sequential manner, without DMF condensation. Molecular orbital (MO) calculations show a p‐orbital at N1 but not N3, which along with a nucleophilicity parameter (N) analysis predict alkylation at N1 in lumazine. Only after the alkylation at N1 in 6a, does a p‐orbital on N3 emerge thereby reacting with a second equivalent of 1‐iododecane to reach the dialkylated product 7a. Data from NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC), HPLC, TLC, UV‐vis, fluorescence and density functional theory (DFT) provide evidence for the existence of mono‐decyl chain 6a and bis‐decyl chain 7a. These results differ to pterin O‐alkylations (kinetic control), where N‐alkylation of lumazine is preferred and then to dialkylation (thermodynamic control), with an avoidance of DMF solvent condensation. These findings add to the list of alkylation strategies for increasing sensitizer lipophilicity for use in photodynamic therapy.
The effect of trait anxiety on risk‐taking: Functional coupling between right hippocampus and left insula
Authors: Huo Hangfeng , Zhang Rong , Seger Carol A. , Feng Tingyong , Chen Qi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBehavioral research has found that trait anxiety is associated with a lower propensity for risk‐taking. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this relation are still unknown. To address this question, we employed voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis and resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) to examine the influence of trait anxiety on risk‐taking. We theorized that trait anxiety may affect risk‐taking via negative prospection during episodic future thinking, which is known to be mediated by episodic memory systems including the hippocampus. We measured risk‐taking using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and found that risk‐taking in this task was negatively correlated with trait anxiety. The VBM results suggested a positive correlation between trait anxiety and grey matter volumes in the hippocampus, consistent with previous results. Functional connectivity results indicated that functional connectivity between a right hippocampus cortex (RHPC) seed region and left insula (LInsula) was positively correlated with trait anxiety scores but negatively correlated with risk‐taking. Critically, mediation analysis showed that trait anxiety played a completely mediating role in the relation between the functional connectivity of RHPC‐LInsula and risk‐taking. These results suggested that trait anxiety can affect risk‐taking via episodic future thinking mechanisms subserved by the hippocampal cortex acting in concert with emotional and motivational control mechanisms subserved by the insular cortex.
Using Panel Data to Understand the Dynamics of Human Behavior in Response to Flooding
Authors: Bubeck Philip , Berghäuser Lisa , Hudson Paul , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInsights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross‐sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated‐measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents’ perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk‐reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk‐reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors.
Caleb Perry Patterson: Political Scientist and Civic Educator
Authors: Riddlesperger James W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCaleb Perry Patterson was a leader in the discipline of political science during a long career. He is remembered as the founder of the national political science honor society, Pi Sigma Alpha, and as a charter founder of the Southwestern Political Science Association (now the Southwestern Social Science Association). Both were founded a century ago, in 1920. While his role in founding those organizations is one of his legacies, his career was much more than that. He was a notable educator, an activist in the politics of his time, and a prolific scholar. He used an oratorical presentation style to inspire generations of students, and through promotion of constitutional values, he encouraged independence of thought. One prominent Texas political observer summed up his impact as encouraging students of all political stripes to “love the thing that is America” and to provide critical thinking during the McCarthy Era. With Patterson as his reference, he concluded that “the only thing that can save us is the professors, really.”
(Re)Considering the Sources of Economic Perceptions
Authors: Anderson Cameron 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDo voters hold accurate perceptions about economic conditions and what factors drive those perceptions? Some work suggests that voters are too hopelessly biased by partisanship or other commitments to be able to develop accurate perceptions of the economy upon which to base judgments of incumbent performance (Evans and Andersen, 2006). By contrast, other work shows that voters do a good job of developing accurate perceptions about economic conditions in which partisan bias is a minor influence (Lewis‐Beck et al., 2013).MethodsThe research note draws on a pooled data set of Canadian Election Studies from nine national elections for the period 1988–2015 to explore the relative influence of both approaches using multilevel modeling.ResultsFindings indicate evidence for both camps: partisan bias does exert some independent influence on shaping national economic evaluations and national economic evaluations reflect actual real‐world economic conditions.ConclusionsImplications of these results suggest that economic perceptions have mixed origins that lend some, not insignificant, support to the claim that economic voting remains a viable scholarly enterprise.
Evaluation of donor informed consents and associated predonation educational materials in the United States and Canada: variability in elements of consent and measures of readability and reading burden
Authors: Townsend Mary , Buccino Terri , Katz Louis 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDEvery day, approximately 30,000 donors present to blood collection establishments in the United States or Canada, where they are provided information about donation and asked to sign a consent before donating. We evaluated elements of informational and consent documents and measures of readability that may influence their comprehension.MATERIALS AND METHODSConsents for whole blood (WB) and automated collections and predonation reading materials (PRMs) representing over 93% of WB collections in the United States and Canada were evaluated. Elements, including risks of donation, were cataloged. Word count, Flesch‐Kinkaid (F‐K) reading ease/grade level scores, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook grade, and percentage of complex words were measured.RESULTSF‐K grade levels ranged from 9.2 to 16.9 for WB consents, 7.8 to 16.0 for apheresis consents, and 6.7 to 10.9 for PRMs, above the recommended level of eighth grade or lower for general audiences. F‐K reading ease scores were below the cutoff of 60 for readability. Reading burden was substantial, with word count ranging from 131 to 885, 131 to 996, and 649 to 2743 for WB and apheresis consents and PRMs, respectively. Use of jargon and the absence of consent elements such as confidentiality, voluntariness, ability to withdraw consent, and risks of deferral were common.CONCLUSIONSDonor consent documents and associated materials vary widely, are written at challenging grade levels, present considerable reading burden, contain substantial jargon, and are missing key elements of consent. The authors recommend an organized effort, including blood donors, legal experts, and blood collection experts, to reach consensus on the minimal requirements for standardized clear and concise consent documents in an optimized format.
An Alternative History of the Arctic: The Origins of Ethnographic Filmmaking, the Fifth Thule Expedition, and Indigenous Cinema
Authors: MacKenzie Scott , Stenport Anna Westerstahl 
Published: July 2020

The Fifth Thule Expedition (1921–24) generated extensive international attention through publications such as Knud Rasmussen’s best seller, Across Arctic America (1927). It also appropriated thousands of Indigenous artifacts, shipped mostly to the National Museum of Denmark. The collection includes a little‐known film, Med Hundeslæde gennem Alaska (With Dog Sled Through Alaska, 1927) shot in 1923–24 by Danish filmmaker and photographer Leo Hansen, in close collaboration with Rasmussen. The extant film materials reflect Rasmussen’s status as an embedded ethnographic explorer because of his Greenlandic heritage and Indigenous language capacity. Through archival research, this article examines early Arctic cinema and early twentieth‐century representation of Inuit cultures.
Comparison of methods for estimating loss from water storage by evaporation and impacts on reservoir management
Authors: Bozorgi Atiyeh , Bozorg‐Haddad Omid , Sima Somayeh , Loáiciga Hugo A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReservoirs are the key infrastructure of water resources management. A controlling variable of reservoir operation is evaporation, which in semi‐arid and arid regions may consume a large fraction of reservoir storage annually. This paper assesses the role of evaporation and the choice of evaporation methods on reservoir operation. The operation of the reservoir is calculated with the standard operation policy (SOP). Several efficiency criteria are employed to rank the evaporation‐calculation methods with the technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The method presented in this paper is illustrated by applying its application to Karkheh reservoir, the largest in Iran.