bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of the acute phase immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge are mitigated by supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in weaned beef calves1,2
Authors: Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Carroll Jeff A , Broadway P Rand , Edrington Tom S , Yoon Ilkyu , Belknap Craig R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine if feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to calves would alter the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Crossbred steer calves [n = 32; 274 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to two treatment diets for 21 d: 1) control, fed RAMP (Cargill, Dalhart, TX) and 2) SCFP, fed the control ration supplemented with NaturSafe at 12 g/hd/d mixed into the TMR (NaturSafe, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA). On day 22, steers were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature monitoring devices and placed in individual bleeding stalls. On day 23, steers were challenged i.v. with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Blood samples were collected at 0.5-h (serum) or 2-h (complete blood counts) intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to the LPS challenge at 0 h. Sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded after the collection of each blood sample. Rectal temperatures were greater in SCFP steers from 6 to 11 h, at 13 h, from 15 to 20 h, and from 22 to 24 h following the LPS challenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P = 0.01). Additionally, SCFP-supplemented steers had reduced (P &lt; 0.01) SBS compared to Control steers. Platelet concentrations remained greater in SCFP-supplemented steers compared to Control steers throughout the study (P = 0.05), while there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for SCFP steers to have greater white blood cells and eosinophils concentrations than Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction for serum cortisol and glucose (P &lt; 0.01). Specifically, cortisol was greater at 0.5 and 2 h postchallenge but was reduced at 3 h for SCFP steers compared to Control steers. Glucose was greater in SCFP steers at −0.5, 2, and 7.5 h compared to Control steers. Serum amyloid A was reduced in SCFP steers at 0.5 h, yet greater at 1 and 7.5 h postchallenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P &lt; 0.01). Fibrinogen concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in SCFP compared to Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) such that concentrations were reduced in SCFP steers from 1 to 2 h postchallenge compared to Control steers. Overall, these data suggest that supplementing calves with SCFP may have primed the innate immune response prior to the challenge, particularly platelets, which resulted in an attenuated sickness behavior and TNF-α response to LPS.
I English Language
Authors: Kostadinova Viktorija , Yáñez-Bouza Nuria , Wiemann Marco , Dreschler Gea , Gregersen Sune , Gyuris Beáta , Allan Kathryn , Scott Maggie , Anderwald Lieselotte , Leuckert Sven , Kraš Tihana , Cogo Alessia , Gan Tian , Parise Ida , Ting Shawnea Sum Pok , Da Silva Juliana Souza , Hansen Beke , Cushing Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter has fourteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology; 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology, and Lexical Semantics; 8. Onomastics; 9. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 10. New Englishes and Creolistics; 11. Second Language Acquisition; 12. English as a Lingua Franca; 13. Pragmatics and Discourse; 14. Stylistics. Section 1 is by Viktorija Kostadinova; section 2 is by Nuria Yáñez-Bouza; section 3 is by Marco Wiemann; sections 4 and 5 are by Gea Dreschler and Sune Gregersen; section 6 is by Beáta Gyuris; section 7 is by Kathryn Allan; section 8 is by Maggie Scott; section 9 is by Lieselotte Anderwald; section 10 is by Sven Leuckert; section 11 is by Tihana Kraš; section 12 is by Shawnea Sum Pok Ting, Tian Gan, Ida Parise, Juliana Souza da Silva, and Alessia Cogo; section 13 is by Beke Hansen; section 14 is by Ian Cushing.
Hymenoptera allergy and anaphylaxis: are warmer temperatures changing the impact?
Authors: Demain Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of reviewClimate change has brought about many changes in our ecosystem. Prolongation of pollen seasons has been reported, related to earlier frost off in the spring and later onset of frost on in the fall. This review considers recent global evidence that stinging insects are redistributing toward the poles, thereby potentially increasing human exposure and risk of sting events.Recent findingsWith changing climate, particularly climate warming, range expansion of insects is occurring in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Likewise, stinging insects, such as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, are also expanding range. Though there is scant data on associated increase of insect-related anaphylaxis, increased insect–human interaction is certain.SummaryIt is likely that climate change will continue to alter the distribution and population of Hymenoptera and other insects. As temperatures warm and regions become suitable for nesting and establishment of colonies, many insects will expand their territory. As already reported in Alaska, one would anticipate expansion of range, especially toward the poles, thereby increasing the probability of human encounters and likewise anaphylaxis.
Can patients with oral allergy syndrome be at risk of anaphylaxis?
Authors: Skypala Isabel J. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of reviewOral allergy syndrome, also known as pollen-food syndrome (PFS), is a condition usually associated with adults and characterized by mild transient oropharyngeal symptoms. The purpose of this review is to determine whether systemic or anaphylactic reactions do occur and if so, who is affected and what are the triggers.Recent findingsAn increasing number of studies demonstrate that PFS occurs all age groups, and a significant number of affected adults do experience systemic and anaphylactic reactions. The upsurge in the adoption of vegan lifestyles, increase in consumption of fruits and vegetables including smoothies and juices, and use of plant foods in nutritional or body-building supplements, could exacerbate this. Changes in pollen and pollution levels, cofactors and sensitization to other plant food allergens may also be involved.SummaryWhile the majority of those with PFS will continue to experience mild symptoms, all individuals should be properly advised regarding the dangers of concentrated or unusual forms of plant food allergens such as smoothies, juices, soy/nut milks and nutritional supplements. Further well characterized studies are needed to determine risk factors for severe reactions, and sensitization patterns to pollens and plant food allergens.
Exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in adults with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lopes Susana , Afreixo Vera , Teixeira Manuel , Garcia Catarina , Leitão Cátia , Gouveia Marisol , Figueiredo Daniela , Alves Alberto J. , Polonia Jorge , Oliveira José , Mesquita-Bastos José , Ribeiro Fernando 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Arterial stiffness, namely pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an emerging biomarker in the assessment of vascular health. This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of exercise training on PWV in patients with hypertension, and to identify the possible moderator variables (e.g. type of exercise) of the effect of exercise on PWV.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched up until July 2019 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of exercise interventions lasting 4 or more weeks on PWV in adults with hypertension. Random-effects modelling was used to compare changes from pre to postintervention in PWV between exercise and control groups. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Protocol registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42019138658.

Results:
We included 14 trials (15 interventions), involving five aerobic, two dynamic resistance, six combined and two isometric resistance groups, totalling 642 participants with hypertension. PWV was significantly reduced by exercise training [(WMD (95% CI) = −0.76 m/s (−1.05 to −0.47)]. Analysis of moderator variables showed that aerobic exercise [WMD (95% CI) = −0.70 m/s (−1.20 to −0.19)], combined exercise [WMD (95% CI) = −0.74 m/s (−1.41 to −0.08)] and isometric resistance exercise [WMD (95% CI) = −0.98 m/s (−1.24 to −0.73)] reduced PWV. There was no significant reduction in PWV in participants undertaking dynamic resistance training [WMD (95% CI) = −0.58 (−1.58 to 0.42)]

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis supports that exercise interventions based on aerobic, combined or isometric exercise are suitable to improve PWV in adults with hypertension.
Bone conduction implants
Authors: Richards John P. , Symms John T. , Beasley Kerry , Coffman Heather M.S. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
To discuss the different types of bone conduction implants available today and describe the types of hearing loss that could benefit from bone conduction implants.

Recent findings
Bone conduction implants have been used successfully for over two decades. However, there have been barriers to their use because of skin complications and limited high-frequency hearing gains. Recently developed technologies, such as active bone conduction implants may overcome some of these limitations, potentially opening the door for improved aided benefit and increased patient satisfaction from bone conduction amplification.

Summary
A variety of bone conduction implants currently exist, with suitable amplification options available for many different types and severities of hearing loss and patient preferences.
Maternal History of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Pregnancy
Authors: Bublitz Margaret H. , Ward Laura G. , Simoes Meera , Stroud Laura R. , Salameh Myriam , Bourjeily Ghada 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to study the association between maternal history of childhood adversity and blood pressure in pregnancy.

Methods
A total of 127 pregnant women completed measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and prenatal stress between June 2015 and April 2019. At 11 weeks’ gestation (range, 6–17 weeks), we measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. All women were considered to be at risk for pregnancy complications due to elevated body mass index and self-reporting snoring in pregnancy.

Results
Women were, on average, 30 years old (range, 19–40 years), and average (standard deviation) body mass index in this sample was 34 (7) kg/m2 (range, 27–55 kg/m2). Higher ACE scores were associated with higher nighttime blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: β = 0.23, p = .013; diastolic blood pressure: β = 0.22, p = .028). There were no significant associations between the ACE score and daytime blood pressure. Women with four or more ACEs were more likely to display nocturnal blood pressure nondipping (odds ratio = 3.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–11.40). Associations between ACE and nocturnal blood pressure remained significant after adjusting for symptoms of prenatal stress.

Conclusions
Results indicate that experiences of childhood adversity are associated with elevated nocturnal blood pressure and loss of a typical decline in blood pressure between day and night.
Optimism and Cardiovascular Health: Longitudinal Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Boehm Julia K. , Qureshi Farah , Chen Ying , Soo Jackie , Umukoro Peter , Hernandez Rosalba , Lloyd-Jones Donald , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Favorable cardiovascular health is associated with greater longevity free of cardiovascular disease. Although the prevalence of cardiovascular health decreases with age, less is known about protective factors that promote and preserve it over time. We investigated whether optimism was associated with better cardiovascular health over a 10-year period.

Methods
Participants included 3188 Black and White men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Self-reported optimism was assessed in 2000 (this study’s baseline) with the revised Life Orientation Test. Favorable cardiovascular health was defined by healthy status on five components of cardiovascular functioning that were repeatedly assessed through 2010 either clinically or via self-report (blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking status). Linear mixed-effects models examined whether optimism predicted cardiovascular health over time, adjusting for covariates such as sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, health status, and depression diagnosis.

Results
In models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, optimism was associated with better cardiovascular health across all time points (β = 0.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.11, p ≤ .001) but not with rate of change in cardiovascular health. Findings were similar when adjusting for additional covariates. Optimism did not interact significantly with race (p = .85) but did with sex, such that associations seemed stronger for women than for men (p = .03).

Conclusions
Optimism may contribute to establishing future patterns of cardiovascular health in adulthood, but other factors may be more strongly related to how slowly or quickly cardiovascular health deteriorates over time.
Survival in ANCA-Associated Vasculitides in a Peruvian Center
Authors: Pimentel-Quiroz Victor R. , Sánchez-Torres Alfredo , Acevedo-Vásquez Eduardo , Gamboa-Cárdenas Rocío V. , Reátegui-Sokolova Cristina , Medina-Chinchón Mariela , Zevallos Francisco , Noriega-Zapata Erika , Alfaro-Lozano José , Cucho-Venegas Jorge M. , Sánchez-Schwartz César , Rodríguez-Bellido Zoila , Perich-Campos Risto , Pastor-Asurza César A. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Ugarte-Gil Manuel F. 
Published: August 2020

Aim
The aim of this study was to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for mortality in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies–associated vasculitides (AAVs) in a Peruvian tertiary referral hospital.

Methods
Medical records of patients with AAV according to classification criteria or diagnosed by an experienced rheumatologist, covering the period between January 1990 and December 2018, were reviewed. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and renal-limited vasculitis were included. Potential predictors of mortality were demographic factors, clinical manifestations, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies status, diagnosis, disease categorization, the 2009 Five Factor Score (FFS), and treatment. Cox regression models were used to determine the risk factors for mortality. Univariable and multivariable analyses using a backward selection method were performed.

Results
One hundred ninety-six patients were included; female-to-male ratio was 2:1. The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis and follow-up were 60.0 (51.0–68.0) and 4.8 (1.3–11.6) years, respectively. One hundred forty-eight patients (75.5%) had microscopic polyangiitis, 37 (18.9%) granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 5 (2.6%) eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and 6 (3.0%) renal-limited vasculitis. Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 83.4%, 68.2%, and 51.7%, respectively. Ocular involvement was protective (hazards ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.74; p = 0.006), whereas renal (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.33–3.28; p = 0.001) and lung involvement (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.31–3.28; p = 0.002) and the 2009 FFSs were predictive of mortality (2009 FFS = 1: HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.50–4.04; p < 0.001; 2009 FFS = 2: HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.54–6.10; p = 0.001; 2009 FFS = 3: HR, 13.29; 95% CI, 3.69–47.88; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Ocular involvement was protective, whereas 2009 FFS ≥ 1 and renal and lung involvement were predictive factors of mortality in Peruvian AAV patients.
Ex Vivo Resection and Autotransplantation for Conventionally Unresectable Tumors – An 11-year Single Center Experience
Authors: Kato Tomoaki , Hwang Regina , Liou Peter , Weiner Joshua , Griesemer Adam , Samstein Benjamin , Halazun Karim , Mathur Abhishek , Schwartz Gary , Cherqui Daniel , Emond Jean 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims:
Ex vivo surgery may provide a chance at R0 resection for conventionally unresectable tumors. However, long-term outcomes have not been well documented. In this study, we analyze our 11-year outcomes to define its role.

Study Design:
We retrospectively analyzed 46 consecutive patients who underwent ex vivo surgery at our institution 2008–2019.

Results:
The types of tumors were: carcinoma (n = 20), sarcoma (n = 20) and benign to low grade tumor (n = 6). The type of ex vivo surgery was chosen based on tumor location and vascular involvement. The most commonly performed procedure was ex vivo hepatectomy (n = 18), followed by ex vivo resection and intestinal autotransplantation (n = 12), ex vivo Whipple procedure and liver autotransplantation (n = 8) and multivisceral ex vivo procedure (n = 7). Twenty-three patients (50%) are currently alive with median follow-up of 4.0-years (11 months–11.8 years). The overall survival was 70%/59%/52%, at 1-/3-/5-years, respectively. Patient survival for benign to low grade tumors, sarcoma, and carcinoma was 100%/100%/100%, 65%/60%/50%, and 65%/45%/40%, at 1-/3-/5-years, respectively. Ninety-one percent patients had R0 resection, and 57% had no recurrence to date with median follow-up of 3.1-years. Two patients (4.3%) died within 30 days due to sepsis and gastroduodenal artety (GDA) stump blowout. Two additional patients died between 30 and 90 days due to sepsis. Perioperative mortality in the last 23 consecutive cases was limited to 1 patient who died of sepsis between 30 and 90 days.

Conclusions:
For a selected group of patients with conventionally unresectable tumors, ex vivo surgery can offer effective surgical removal with a reasonably low perioperative mortality at experienced centers.
3D Versus 4K Display System – Influence of “State-of-the-art”-Display Technique on Surgical Performance (IDOSP-study) in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Wahba Roger , Datta Rabi , Bußhoff Jana , Bruns Thomas , Hedergott Andrea , Gietzelt Caroline , Dieplinger Georg , Fuchs Hans , Morgenstern Bernd , Möller Desdemona , Hellmich Martin , Bruns Christiane J. , Stippel Dirk L. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate if “state-of-the-art” 3D- versus 4K-display techniques could influence surgical performance.

Background:
High quality minimally invasive surgery is challenging. Therefore excellent vision is crucial. 3D display technique (3D) and 2D-4K technique (4K) are designed to facilitate surgical performance, either due to spatial resolution (3D) or due to very high resolution (4K).

Methods:
In randomized cross-over trial the surgical performance of medical students (MS), non-board certified surgeons (NBC), and board certified surgeons (BC) was compared using 3D versus 4K display technique at a minimally invasive training Parkour.

Results:
One hundred twenty-eight participants were included (February 2018 through October 2019, 49 MS, 39 NBC, 40 BC). The overall Parkour time (s) 3D versus 4K was 712.5 s ± 17.5 s versus 999.5 s ± 25.1 s (P < 0.001) for all levels of experience. It was (3D vs 4K) for MS (30 tasks) 555.4 s ± 28.9 s versus 858.7 s ± 41.6 s, (P < 0.0001), for NBC (42 tasks) 935.9 s ± 31.5 s versus 1274.1 s ± 45.1 s (P =< 0.001) and for BC (42 task) 646.3 s ± 30.9 s versus 865.7 s ± 43.7 s (P < 0.001). The overall number of mistakes was (3D vs 4K) 10.0 ± 0.5 versus 13.3 ± 0.7 (P < 0.001), for MS 8.9 ± 0.9 versus 13.1 ± 1.1 (P < 0.001), for NBC 12.45 ± 1.0 versus 16.7 ± 1.2 (P < 0.001) and for BC 8.8 ± 1.0 versus 10.0 ± 1.2 (P = 0.18). MS, BC, and NBC showed shorter performance time in 100% of the task with 3D (significantly in 6/7 tasks). For number of mistakes the effect was less pronounced for more experienced surgeons. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index was lower with 3D.

Conclusion:
3D laparoscopic display technique optimizes surgical performance compared to the 4K technique. Surgeons benefit from the improved visualization regardless of their individual surgical expertise.
Self-organized cytoskeletal alignment duringDrosophilamesoderm invagination
Authors: Martin Adam C. 
Published: August 2020

During tissue morphogenesis, mechanical forces are propagated across tissues, resulting in tissue shape changes. These forces in turn can influence cell behaviour, leading to a feedback process that can be described as self-organizing. Here, I discuss cytoskeletal self-organization and point to evidence that suggests its role in directing force during morphogenesis. DuringDrosophilamesoderm invagination, the shape of the region of cells that initiates constriction creates a mechanical pattern that in turn aligns the cytoskeleton with the axis of greatest resistance to contraction. The wild-type direction of the force controls the shape and orientation of the invaginating mesoderm. Given the ability of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to self-organize, these types of feedback mechanisms are likely to play important roles in a range of different morphogenetic events.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis'.
Cell intercalation in a simple epithelium
Authors: Rauzi Matteo 
Published: August 2020

Cell intercalation is a key topological transformation driving tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and diseases such as cancer cell invasion. In recent years, much work has been undertaken to better elucidate the fundamental mechanisms controlling intercalation. Cells often use protrusions to propel themselves in between cell neighbours, resulting in topology changes. Nevertheless, in simple epithelial tissues, formed by a single layer of densely packed prism-shaped cells, topology change takes place in an astonishing fashion: cells exchange neighbours medio-laterally by conserving their apical–basal architecture and by maintaining an intact epithelial layer. Medio-lateral cell intercalation in simple epithelia is thus an exemplary case of both robustness and plasticity. Interestingly, in simple epithelia, cells use a combinatory set of mechanisms to ensure a topological transformation at the apical and basal sides.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis’.
Arf6 determines tissue architecture by stabilizing intercellular adhesion
Authors: Greig Joshua , Bulgakova Natalia A. 
Published: August 2020

Correct cell shape is indispensable for tissue architecture, with cell shape being determined by cortical actin and surface adhesion. The role of adhesion in remodelling tissue is to counteract the deformation of cells by force, resulting from actomyosin contractility, and to maintain tissue integrity. The dynamics of this adhesion are critical to the processes of cell shape formation and maintenance. Here, we show that the trafficking molecule Arf6 has a direct impact on cell elongation, by acting to stabilize E-cadherin-based adhesion complexes at the cell surface, in addition to its canonical role in endocytosis. We demonstrate that these functions of Arf6 are dependent on the molecule Flotillin1, which recruits Arf6 to the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that Arf6 and Flotillin1 operate in a pathway distinct from clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Altogether, we demonstrate that Arf6- and Flotillin1-dependent regulation of the dynamics of cell adhesion contribute to moulding tissuein vivo.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis’.