bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived cognitive challenge predicts eye movements while viewing contemporary paintings
Authors: Ganczarek Joanna , Pietras Karolina , Rosiek Roman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContemporary art is often challenging for the viewer, especially when it violates classic rules of representation. Also, viewers usually have little knowledge about this type of art, making its reception even more difficult. Our main research question was how the cognitive challenge associated with contemporary art affects eye movement. In particular, we aimed to assess the impact on eye movements of (a) object‐related cognitive challenge in terms of image properties (syntactic and semantic violations) and (b) subject‐related cognitive challenge (composite subjective estimate of image inconsistency, ambiguity, and complexity). The eye movements of expert and naive participants were recorded while they freely viewed digital copies of contemporary paintings (four groups of five paintings each, differing in presence of semantic and syntactic violations). We found that neither violations nor art expertise alone predicted eye movements, although perceived, subjectively experienced cognitive challenge did. In particular, subject‐related cognitive challenge was associated with an increase in visual exploration (longer and more numerous fixations, bigger area of exploration, longer viewing time). The roles of object‐related and subject‐related indicators of cognitive challenge in perception of contemporary art are discussed.
Micro‐Drilling with a 5‐Axis Precession Bore System
Authors: Heinzel Udo , Schlüter Holger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRelentless miniaturization in both consumer electronics and mechanical engineering has brought countless changes to the fabrication of such electronic components as PCBs, control elements, and sensors. This development also affects demands placed on laser processing machines used in micromachining. Difficult‐to‐handle materials such as polymers and ceramics present a special challenge. The following will describe how machine builder Posalux deals with these growing requirements. Today's processing limits can be newly defined by employing a precession bore system with a green laser.
Smooth Surfaces by Pulsed Laser Processing with Bursts
Authors: Michalowski Andreas , Nyenhuis Fabian , Kunz Gerhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim in ultrashort‐pulsed materials processing is generally to keep interactions between the effects of the individual laser pulses to a minimum in order to minimize quality‐reducing effects and to avoid exceeding process‐specific thresholds. A contrasting approach aims at exploiting the interaction of consecutively applied laser pulses with the respective material response. In this case, it is possible to use particularly high average laser powers as well as bursts that feature time intervals of only a few nanoseconds.
A Theoretical Method to Compare Relative Bulk Thermal Sensitivities of Several Common High Explosives
Authors: Lee Peter R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSimultaneous numerical solutions of the second and first order partial differential equations describing the first order decomposition of seven explosives are presented. The solutions were used to compare the critical rates of heat production per unit mass of each material. The lower such a rate is the more sensitive is the explosive. The relative sensitivities of Tetryl, PETN, RDX, TNT, HMX and TATB are as might have been predicted. However, PBX9404 shows apparently enhanced thermal sensitivity compared with these six explosives. This provides a warning that some modern low vulnerability composite explosives based partly on propellant ingredients might constitute enhanced thermal threats.
Verzinkbarkeit höher‐ und hochfester MSH‐Profile
Authors: Pinger Thomas , Müller Thomas , Kaucke Christoph , Straetmans Boris , Wessel Waldemar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Feuerverzinkung von Stahlbauteilen ist zur Gewährleistung eines dauerhaften Korrosionsschutzes seit Jahrzehnten bekannt und etabliert. Auch für warmgewalzte Rohre und Hohlprofile ist dieses Verfahren von Vorteil, da durch das Eintauchen in die Zinkschmelze sowohl die äußere wie auch die innere Oberfläche des Bauteils mit einer Zinkschicht vollständig überzogen und geschützt wird. Die im Zuge des Verzinkungsprozesses auftretenden Ein‐ und Wechselwirkungen sind im Hinblick auf die Stahlkonstruktion und den verbauten Stahl selbst, bisher üblicherweise normalfeste Stähle, gut bekannt. Mit dem zunehmenden Aufkommen und Einsatz von höher‐ und hochfesten Stählen stellt sich die Frage, ob die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse im Hinblick auf die Einflüsse der Verzinkung auch auf diese Stähle übertragen werden können und die Verzinkbarkeit bestätigt werden kann. Im Zuge einer ausführlichen Versuchskampagne wurde hierzu an sechs Stahlwerkstoffen die Auswirkung der Feuerverzinkung auf die mechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften und die Ausbildung der Zinkschicht untersucht. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt.
Strukturelle und personelle Voraussetzungen für die Sicherung einer rationalen Antiinfektivaverordnung in Krankenhäusern
Authors:   Bundesverband Deutscher Krankenhausapotheker e. V. (ADKA),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie e. V. (DGHM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e. V. (DGI),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene e. V. (DGKH),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie e. V. (DGPI),   Kommission Antiinfektiva, Resistenz und Therapie (Kommission ART) beim Robert Koch-Institut,   Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e. V. (PEG),   Robert Koch-Institut, Geschäftsstelle der Kommission ART
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungGesteigertes Bewusstsein für die Problematik zunehmender Antibiotikaresistenzen und drohender Verlust geeigneter Therapieoptionen für Infektionen haben die Rahmenbedingungen in der Patientenversorgung verändert. In internationalen (WHO, ECDC) und nationalen Programmen und evidenzbasierten Leitlinien wurden Maßnahmen und Instrumente von Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS) konkretisiert. In Deutschland ist ABS im Krankenhaus im Infektionsschutzgesetz §23 verankert und Empfehlungen dazu in einer S3-Leitlinie. Das vorliegende Positionspapier stellt Ziele von ABS sowie erforderliche strukturelle und personelle Voraussetzungen für Krankenhäuser dar.Für die erfolgreiche Arbeit des ABS-Teams sind die Sicherung einer qualifizierten Fort- und Weiterbildung, die Mandatierung, die Unterstützung und die Bereitstellung ausreichender Ressourcen durch die Krankenhausleitung unabdingbar. Das ABS-Team soll krankenhausweit und abteilungsübergreifend arbeiten. Aufgaben sind Ausarbeitung und Umsetzung eines auf die lokalen Bedürfnisse und Möglichkeiten des Krankenhauses zugeschnittenen ABS-Programms unter Berücksichtigung von Antiinfektivaeinsatz, Resistenzlage und Patientenschwerpunkten. Dazu kommen Erstellung und Implementierung hausinterner Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, Prophylaxe und Therapie wichtiger Infektionen. Das ABS-Team soll interdisziplinär arbeiten und als Teammitglieder speziell qualifizierte Ärzte und Apotheker umfassen. ABS-beauftragte Ärzte unterstützen das ABS-Team und berücksichtigen abteilungsspezifische Belange. Es wird von einer Mindestpersonalstärke für das ABS-Team von 1 Vollzeitäquivalent (VZÄ) pro 500 Betten ausgegangen. Je nach Krankenhausschwerpunkten und Anforderungen wird ein Zusatzbedarf gesehen. Die Wochenarbeitszeitstunden für einen ABS-beauftragten Arzt einer mittelgroßen Abteilung wurden auf 0,1 VZÄ pro 100 Betten geschätzt.
Synthesis and property of polyurethane elastomer for biomedical applications based on nonaromatic isocyanates, polyesters, and ethylene glycol
Authors: Król Piotr , Uram Łukasz , Król Bożena , Pielichowska Kinga , Sochacka-Piętal Marta , Walczak Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) elastomers were synthesized by the reaction of HDI or IPDI diisocyanates and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL or poly(ethylene adipate) (PA) diols and ethylene glycol as a polymer chain extender. IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis were used for the structural analysis of the formed films. The molecular weight distribution was examined by GPC chromatography. Based on the measured contact angles, free surface energy parameters were calculated. The obtained results were analyzed for the possible use of these polyurethanes as biomaterials. The most promising in this respect was PU-3, which was synthesized from IPDI and PCL. This was due to its high molecular weight of approximately 90,000, the presence of a crystalline phase, and the relatively high hydrophobicity, with a SEP value below 25 mJ/m2. These films showed a good resistance to hydrolysis during incubation in Baxter physiological saline during 6 weeks. Both Gram-positive (Bacillus sp.) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas sp.) types of bacterial strains were used to test the biodegradation property. Synthesized PUs are biodegradable and showed moderate or even mild cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblasts (BJ) and immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT), estimated with direct contact assay. The most biocompatible was PU-3 film, which revealed rather mild reactivity against both cell lines, and the least was PU-2 film, synthesized from HDI and PA (severe toxicity for HaCaTs).
Fast approximate shortest paths in the congested clique
Authors: Censor-Hillel Keren , Dory Michal , Korhonen Janne H. , Leitersdorf Dean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe design fast deterministic algorithms for distance computation in the Congested Clique model. Our key contributions include:

A $$(2+\epsilon )$$

(
2
+
ϵ
)

-approximation for all-pairs shortest paths in $$O(\log ^2{n} / \epsilon )$$

O
(

log
2

n
/
ϵ
)

rounds on unweighted undirected graphs. With a small additional additive factor, this also applies for weighted graphs. This is the first sub-polynomial constant-factor approximation for APSP in this model.

A $$(1+\epsilon )$$

(
1
+
ϵ
)

-approximation for multi-source shortest paths from $$O(\sqrt{n})$$

O
(

n

)

sources in $$O(\log ^2{n} / \epsilon )$$

O
(

log
2

n
/
ϵ
)

rounds on weighted undirected graphs. This is the first sub-polynomial algorithm obtaining this approximation for a set of sources of polynomial size.

Our main techniques are new distance tools that are obtained via improved algorithms for sparse matrix multiplication, which we leverage to construct efficient hopsets and shortest paths. Furthermore, our techniques extend to additional distance problems for which we improve upon the state-of-the-art, including diameter approximation, and an exact single-source shortest paths algorithm for weighted undirected graphs in $$\tilde{O}(n^{1/6})$$

O
~

(

n

1
/
6

)

rounds.
Construction and evaluation of an antibody phage display library targeting heparan sulfate
Authors: Damen Lars A.A. , van de Westerlo Els M.A. , Versteeg Elly M.M. , van Wessel Thierry , Daamen Willeke F. , van Kuppevelt Toin H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide with high structural diversity. Different HS epitopes have been detected and localized using single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from a ‘single pot’ phage display library containing a randomized complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (CDR3). In this study, we created a new library containing anti-HS scFvs that all harbor a dp-38 heavy chain segment where the CDR3 region was engineered to contain the XBBXBX heparin binding consensus site (X = any amino acid, B = R, K or H). The library contained ~1.73 × 106 unique antibodies and was biopanned against HS from several sources. The selected antibodies were sequenced and chemically/immunohistologically characterized. A number of 67 anti-HS scFv antibodies were selected, of which 31 contained a XBBXBX CDR3 sequence. There was a clear preference for glycine at the first and proline at the fourth position of the CDR3. The sequence GZZP(R/K)X (Z = R, K or H, but may also contain N, S, or Q) was unusually overrepresented. Selected antibodies reacted with HS/heparin, but not with other glycosaminoglycans. Antibodies reacted differentially with respect to N-, 2-O, or 6-O-desulfated heparin preparations, and showed distinct topologies of HS epitopes in rat kidney sections. The library may be instrumental in the selection of a large pool of HS epitope-specific antibodies, and - since all antibodies differ only in their 6 amino acid CDR region - may be a tool for a rational design of antibodies recognizing specific HS sulfation patterns.
Silencing trust: confidence and familiarity in re-engineering knowledge infrastructures
Authors: Nydal Rune , Bennett Gaymon , Kuiper Martin , Lægreid Astrid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we tell the story of efforts currently underway, on diverse fronts, to build digital knowledge repositories (‘knowledge-bases’) to support research in the life sciences. If successful, knowledge bases will be part of a new knowledge infrastructure—capable of facilitating ever-more comprehensive, computational models of biological systems. Such an infrastructure would, however, represent a sea-change in the technological management and manipulation of complex data, inducing a generational shift in how questions are asked and answered and results published and circulated. Integrating such knowledge bases into the daily workflow of the lab thus destabilizes a number of well-established habits which biologists rely on to ensure the quality of the knowledge they produce, evaluate, communicate and exploit. As the story we tell here shows, such destabilization introduces a situation of unfamiliarity, one that carries with it epistemic risks. It should elicit—to use Niklas Luhmann’s terms—the question of trust: a shared recognition that the reliability of research practices is being risked, but that such a risk is worth taking in view of what may be gained. And yet, the problem of trust is being unexpectedly silenced. How that silencing has come about, why it matters, and what might yet be done forms the heart of this paper.
Is Routine Preoperative Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Prior to Bariatric Surgery Mandatory? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 10,685 Patients
Authors: El Ansari Walid , El-Menyar Ayman , Sathian Brijesh , Al-Thani Hassan , Al-Kuwari Mohammed , Al-Ansari Abdulla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
This systematic review and meta-analysis searched, retrieved and synthesized the evidence as to whether preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p-EGD) should be routine before bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods
Databases searched for retrospective, prospective, and randomized (RCT) or quasi-RCT studies (01 January 2000–30 April 2019) of outcomes of routine p-EGD before BS. STROBE checklist assessed the quality of the studies. P-EGD findings were categorized: Group 0 (no abnormal findings); Group 1 (abnormal findings that do not necessitate changing the surgical approach or postponing surgery); Group 2 (abnormal findings that change the surgical approach or postpone surgery); and Group 3 (findings that signify absolute contraindications to surgery). We assessed data heterogeneity and publication bias. Random effect model was used.

Results
Twenty-five eligible studies were included (10,685 patients). Studies were heterogeneous, and there was publication bias. Group 0 comprised 5424 patients (56%, 95% CI: 45–67%); Group 1, 2064 patients (26%, 95% CI: 23–50%); Group 2, 1351 patients (16%, 95% CI: 11–21%); and Group 3 included 31 patients (0.4%, 95% CI: 0–1%).

Conclusion
For 82% of patients, routine p-EGD did not change surgical plan/ postpone surgery. For 16% of patients, p-EGD findings necessitated changing the surgical approach/ postponing surgery, but the proportion of postponements due to medical treatment of H Pylori as opposed to “necessary” substantial change in surgical approach is unclear. For 0.4% patients, p-EGD findings signified absolute contraindication to surgery. These findings invite a revisit to whether p-EGD should be routine before BS, and whether it is judicious to expose many obese patients to an invasive procedure that has potential risk and insufficient evidence of effectiveness. Further justification is required.
Investigating microscopic seepage characteristics and fracture effectiveness of tight sandstones: a digital core approach
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xiao-Rong , Song Ming-Shui , Liu Hui-Min , Feng Yong-Cun , Liu Chen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroscopic seepage characteristics are critical for the evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs. In this study, a digital core approach integrating microscopic seepage simulation and CT scanning was developed to characterize microscopic seepage and fracture effectiveness (the ratio of micro-fractures that contributes to fluid flow) of tight sandstones. Numerical simulations were carried out for characterizations of tight sandstones. The results show that the axial permeability of the investigated cylindrical tight sandstone from Junggar Basin in China is 0.460 μm2, while the radial permeability is 0.3723 μm2, and the axial and radial effective fracture ratios are 0.4387 and 0.4806, respectively, indicating that cracks are not fully developed and the connectivity between micro-cracks is poor. Directional permeability that is difficult to measure by laboratory experiments can be obtained readily using the proposed method in this paper. The results provide important information for improving the exploration and development of tight sandstone reservoirs.
Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Plasmonic Bow Tie Configuration
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali , Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose a highly refractive index sensor based on plasmonic Bow Tie configuration. The sensitivity of the resonator design is enhanced by incorporating a nanowall (NW) in a modified Bow Tie design where sharp tips of V-junction are flattened. This approach provides high confinement of electric field distribution of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode in the narrow region of the cavity. Consequently, the effective refractive index (neff) of the mode increases and is highly responsive to the ambient medium. The sensitivity analysis of the SPP mode is calculated for six resonator schemes. The results suggest that the NW embedded cavity offers the highest mode sensitivity due to the large shift of effective index when exposed to a slight change in the medium refractive index. Moreover, the device sensitivity of the proposed design is approximated at 2300 nm/RIU which is much higher than the sensitivity of the standard Bow Tie configuration.
Analysis of radiological alignment and functional outcomes of pediatric patients after surgery with displaced supracondylar humerus fracture: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kitta Muh Ihsan , Ismiarto Yoyos Dias , Saleh Ruksal M. , Sakti Muhammad , Abidin Moh Asri , Putra Luky Tandio 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fracture is the most common type of elbow joint fracture (50–70%) in children aged 3–10 years. Treatment of displaced SCH fracture are surgery using Kirschner wire. The outcome of SCH fracture in pediatric population can be assessed clinically and radiologically.

Methods:
This study aims to analyze the correlation between radiological alignment and functional outcome in displaced SCH fracture in children under internal fixation. Study design was cross sectional with analytical approach. Medical records of children with displaced SCH fracture from January 2016 to December 2018 were taken for the study. The data included in this study were at six weeks after removal of implant. The parameter of radiological alignment used in this study was Baumann's angle and the functional outcome based on Flynn's criteria. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation test.

Results:
Of the thirty samples enrolled in this study, 63.3% were boys. The mean age was 6.4 ± 2.0 years with peak incidence 5–6 years. Left side and non-dominant arm were more commonly injured with percentage of 63.3% and 70%. The mean of Baumann's angle and functional outcome were 73.5 ± 7.18 and 6.44 ± 4.7 degrees, respectively. There was a significant positive Pearson correlation (r = 0.491) between radiological alignment and functional outcome (p value = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Radiological alignment had a significant positive correlation with functional outcome after surgery in displaced SCH patients.

Highlights:
Optimising storage processes to reduce the risk of ransomware
Authors: Malecki Florian 
Published: May 2020

Modern-day hackers and cyber criminals are smarter than ever. With the global cost of cybercrime estimated to be around $6tr per year, it's evident that digital crime is just as lucrative for criminals as it is destructive for businesses. 1 What's more, hackers are capitalising on advances in technology to launch more-advanced and destructive attacks that are even harder to detect. It's evident that digital crime is just as lucrative for criminals as it is destructive for businesses. What's more, hackers are capitalising on advances in technology to launch more-advanced and destructive attacks that are even harder to detect. The simple universal rules of this game are that all organisations face the danger of hackers destroying their data. The pressure is on for organisations to not only focus on the prevention, but also on the protection of the data itself, including its restoration. Businesses need a back-up solution that makes critical data easily recoverable in the event of a loss. In addition to reviewing security processes, organisations should re-examine their storage infrastructure to optimise their protection against attacks. Florian Malecki of StorageCraft provides a series of steps for businesses to take to ensure that they have the right elements in place to protect their data.
Hybrid intrusion detection system using machine learning
Authors: Meryem Amar , Ouahidi Bouabid EL 
Published: May 2020

Recent technologies and innovations have encouraged users to adopt cloud-based architectures. 1,2 This has reduced IT barriers and provided new capabilities of dynamic provisioning, monitoring and managing resources by providing immediate access to resources, enabling easy scaling up of services and implementation of new classes of existing applications. However, sharing the same pool when requesting services involves the risk of data breaches, account compromises, injection vulnerabilities, abusive use of features such as the use of trial periods and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. 3,4 As a result, many customers rank cloud security as a major challenge that threatens their work and reduces their trust in cloud service providers. Cloud-based architectures have reduced IT barriers and provided new capabilities of dynamic provisioning, monitoring and managing resources by providing immediate access to resources, enabling the easy scaling up of services. However, sharing the same pool when requesting services involves the risk of data breaches, account compromises, injection vulnerabilities and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. As a result, many customers rank cloud security as a major challenge that threatens their work and reduces their trust in cloud service providers. Amar Meryem and Bouabid EL Ouahidi propose an architecture that eradicates malicious behaviours by detecting known attacks using log files; blocks suspicious behaviours in real time; secures sensitive data; and establishes better adaptations of security measures by dynamically updating security rules.