bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No time for reflection: Patient experiences with treatment‐related decision‐making in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Netsey‐Afedo Mette Margrethe Løwe , Ammentorp Jette , Osther Palle Jørn Sloth , Birkelund Regner 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe rationale of the study was the predominant understanding that patient involvement in treatment‐related decision‐making is essential and that communication with cancer patients can affect their quality of life, satisfaction with care, and psychosocial and medical outcomes positively.AimThis study explored how patients with advanced prostate cancer experience the communication with health professionals and their experiences of how and by whom treatment‐related decisions were made.MethodsA phenomenological‐hermeneutic research design was applied, and data were collected using qualitative interviews supplemented with participant observations in a urological outpatient clinic at a regional hospital in Denmark. Thirteen patients participated. Data were analysed using Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation.FindingsThe patients experienced the course as being routine and that decisions related to treatment were made in advance. Three themes were identified: (1) Fast track diagnosing and treatment, (2) Off course I should have this treatment, and (3) They don't ask about existential issues.ConclusionThe study concluded that patients experienced communication primarily revolved around disease‐ and treatment‐related issues and that it was characterised as efficient and straightforward, but insufficient. The patients experienced that the doctors made treatment‐related decisions without involving them.
A facile approach for elimination of ibuprofen from wastewater: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Reza Ruhul Amin , Ahmaruzzaman M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, we developed the waste‐derived adsorbent, mesoporous Schumannianthus dichotomus (MSD) and used for the exploitation of Ibuprofen (IBP) in an economic and reliable way. The developed adsorbent was characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Relatively higher surface area of 1058 m2/g, pore volume of 0.9909 cm3/g and average article size of 39.09 µm justified the utilization of the developed material for the removal of IBP from aqueous phase. The effect of ionic strength (

, Cl–, and

), divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and surfactant on the removal of IBP onto MSD was investigated. Adsorption equilibrium is attained in 60 min with adsorbent load of 1.8 g/L. The removal efficiency of MSD is around 98% with sequestering capacity of 243.90 mg/g. Thermodynamic investigation revealed the adsorption process to be exothermic, (ΔH = −8.729 kJ/mol) and spontaneous in nature (ΔG = −7.06 kJ/mol) with a decrease in the randomness (ΔS = −5.57 JK/mol) at the solid/liquid interface. The energy recovered from the adsorbent‐loaded IBP in terms of higher heating value (17.15 mJ/kg) further enhanced its utilization. The low cost of MSD (USD 14.39 per kg) also justified its utilization for wastewater treatment in an economic perspective. Density Function Theory studies showed that a weak interaction occurs between IBP and the developed activated carbon, MSD. The exothermic character of IBP adsorption onto MSD was confirmed by experimental investigation.
Reaction Force Generation and Mechanical Demand Imposed on the Shoulder When Initiating Manual Wheelchair Propulsion and at Self-Selected Fast Speeds
Authors: Papp Marisa , Russell Ian , Requejo Philip S. , Furumasu Jan , McNitt-Gray Jill L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Manual wheelchair (WC) users with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience shoulder pain and fatigue associated with their increased reliance on the upper extremity during activities of daily living (Bayley et al. 1987, “The Weight-Bearing Shoulder. The Impingement Syndrome in Paraplegics,” J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am., 69(5), pp. 676–678). We hypothesized that the mechanical demand imposed on the shoulder, represented as resultant shoulder net joint moment (NJM) impulse, would be greater when initiating manual WC propulsion from a stationary position without momentum than when manually propelling at speed on a level sidewalk. Thirty manual WC users with paraplegia participated. Each individual initiated manual WC propulsion from a stationary position and propelled on a level sidewalk at their self-selected fast speed. Upper extremity kinematics and pushrim reaction forces (RFs) were measured and upper extremity joint kinetics were calculated and compared (α = 0.05) between cycle 1, initiated without momentum, and cycle 3 with momentum. Results indicate that multiple factors contributing to the mechanical demand imposed on the shoulder were significantly greater when manual WC propulsion was initiated without momentum than with momentum. Significant differences in resultant shoulder NJM impulse, push duration, orientation of RF relative to forearm, and resultant average shoulder NJMs during push were observed between momentum conditions. No significant differences in average resultant RF during push were found. These results indicate that mechanical loading of the shoulder during manual WC propulsion differs between momentum conditions; these differences in resultant shoulder NJM impulse during push need to be considered when assessing shoulder load exposure in stop-and-start activities.
Psychological impact of working in paediatric intensive care. A UK-wide prevalence study
Authors: Jones Gareth A L , Colville Gillian A , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Woolfall Kerry , Heward Yvonne , Morrison Rachael , Savage Amy , Fraser James , Griksaitis Michael J , Inwald David P 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of work-related psychological distress in staff working in UK paediatric intensive care units (PICU).DesignOnline (Qualtrics) staff questionnaire, conducted April to May 2018.SettingStaff working in 29 PICUs and 10 PICU transport services were invited to participate.Participants1656 staff completed the survey: 1194 nurses, 270 physicians and 192 others. 234 (14%) respondents were male. Median age was 35 (IQR 28–44).Main outcome measuresThe Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) was used to look at moral distress, the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory to examine the depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion domains of burnout, and the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to assess risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Results435/1194 (36%) nurses, 48/270 (18%) physicians and 19/192 (10%) other staff scored above the study threshold for moral distress (≥90 on MDS-R) (χ2 test, p<0.00001). 594/1194 (50%) nurses, 99/270 (37%) physicians and 86/192 (45%) other staff had high burnout scores (χ2 test, p=0.0004). 366/1194 (31%) nurses, 42/270 (16%) physicians and 21/192 (11%) other staff scored at risk for PTSD (χ2 test, p<0.00001). Junior nurses were at highest risk of moral distress and PTSD, and junior doctors of burnout. Larger unit size was associated with higher MDS-R, burnout and TSQ scores.ConclusionsThese results suggest that UK PICU staff are experiencing work-related distress. Further studies are needed to understand causation and to develop strategies for prevention and treatment.
Intent to have a second child among Chinese women of childbearing age following China’s new universal two-child policy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Jue , Liu Min , Zhang Shikun , Ma Qiuyue , Wang Qiaomei 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionChina’s one-child policy was replaced by a new universal two-child policy in 2015; however, few studies have addressed the intent to have a second child and resulting related issues.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study on 11 991 Chinese women, 18–49 years of age, from 11 provinces in 2016–2017, in order to assess the intent for a second child among Chinese women of childbearing age and other related factors after the introduction of China’s new universal two-child policy.ResultsWe found that the overall prevalence of the intent to have a second child was 39.4% and that economic, childrearing, and health barriers affected fertility intent. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the age range of 25–39 years (aOR 1.28–1.30), living in Eastern (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.50) or Central China (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.78), living in a rural area (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.78), being a farmer (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.88), having a higher household income (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28), having a history of abortion (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31), and already having one child (aOR 3.65 for girls, aOR 2.70 for boys) were associated with a greater intent to have a second child (all p<0.05). Conversely, economic, health, childrearing, and educational barriers were associated with a lower intent to have a second child (aOR 0.65–0.75).ConclusionFour in ten women of childbearing age demonstrated an intent for a second child. We maintain that fertility-related factors be given full consideration when promoting the two-child policy.
Controlled field study evaluating the clinical efficacy of a topical formulation containing emodepside and praziquantel in the treatment of natural cat aelurostrongylosis
Authors: Crisi Paolo Emidio , Di Cesare Angela , Traversa Donato , Vignoli Massimo , Morelli Simone , Di Tommaso Morena , De Santis Francesca , Pampurini Fabrizio , Schaper Roland , Boari Andrea 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important nematode affecting the respiratory tract of cats in terms of prevalence and clinical relevance. The aim of this randomised controlled field study was to confirm the efficacy of the spot‐on containing emodepside/praziquantel (Profender, Bayer Animal Health) in the treatment of aelurostrongylosis.MethodsSeventeen cats with aelurostrongylosis and presenting with clinical and/or radiographic signs were included in the study. Eight cats received two biweekly doses of emodepside/praziquantel, while nine cats were allocated to a control group and received a rescue treatment at the end of the study. Clinical response was the primary outcome, while the secondary end point was the reduction of larval shedding in faeces.ResultsTwo weeks after the first application, the cats showed a significant, though partial, recovery of clinical signs with complete clinical and parasitological resolution. The resolution of inflammatory leucogram and a significant reduction of radiographic lesions were observed two weeks after the second treatment. Red blood cells and albumin values significantly increased after eight weeks from the second application, together with the complete regression of radiographic patterns.ConclusionTwo applications of this spot‐on solution two weeks apart assured complete cessation of larval shedding and led to a complete clinical, clinicopathological and radiographic recovery.
Eliminating high-intensity activity during growth reduces mechanical power capacity but not submaximal metabolic cost in a bipedal animal model
Authors: Cox Suzanne Michelle , Salzano Matthew Q. , Piazza Stephen J. , Rubenson Jonas 
Published: November 2019

Decreases in activity levels in children worldwide are feared to have long-term health repercussions. Yet, because of the difficulty of performing controlled long-term studies in humans, we do not yet understand how decreases in childhood activity influence adult functional capacity. Here, in an avian bipedal model, we evaluated the elimination of all high-intensity activity during growth on adult performance. We evaluated three alternative hypotheses: Elimination of high-intensity activity 1) does not influence adult function, 2) results in task-specific deficits in adulthood, or 3) results in deficits that generalize across locomotor tasks. We found that animals restricted from jumping and sprinting during growth showed detriments as adults in maximal jump performance in comparison to controls, but did not require more metabolic energy during steady-state running or standing. From this, we conclude that functional deficits from elimination of high-intensity exercise are task specific and do not generalize across all locomotor functions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Decreasing childhood activity levels are feared to have long-term health repercussions, but testing this hypothesis is hampered by restrictions of human experimentation. Here, in a bipedal animal model, we examine how the elimination of high-intensity activity during all of maturation influences adult locomotor capacity. We found restricted activity during growth reduced mechanical power capacity but not submaximal metabolic cost. This suggests that reduced childhood activity may result in task-specific, rather than generalized locomotor deficits.
Preoperative β-Blockade with Propranolol Reduces Biomarkers of Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Trial
Authors: Hiller Jonathan G. , Cole Steven W. , Crone Elizabeth M. , Byrne David J. , Shackleford David M. , Pang Jia-Min B. , Henderson Michael A. , Nightingale Sophie S. , Ho Kwok M. , Myles Paul S. , Fox Stephen , Riedel Bernhard , Sloan Erica K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The majority of deaths from breast cancer occur following the development of metastatic disease, a process inhibited by β-blockers in preclinical studies. This phase II randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of preoperative β-blockade with propranolol on biomarkers of metastatic potential and the immune cell profile within the primary tumor of patients with breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:
In this triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive an escalating dose of oral propranolol (n = 30; 80–160 mg daily) or placebo (n = 30) for 7 days prior to surgery. The primary endpoint investigated the effect of propranolol on prometastatic and proinflammatory gene expression within the primary tumor.

Results:
Propranolol downregulated primary tumor expression of mesenchymal genes (P = 0.002) without affecting epithelial gene expression (P = 0.21). Bioinformatic analyses implicated downregulation of Snail/Slug (P = 0.03), NF-κB/Rel (P &lt; 0.01), and AP-1 (P &lt; 0.01) transcription factors in structuring the observed transcriptome alterations, and identified changes in intratumoral neutrophil, natural killer cell, and dendritic cell recruitment (all P &lt; 0.01). Patients with clinical evidence of drug response (lowered heart rate and blood pressure) demonstrated elevated tumor infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:
One week of β-blockade with propranolol reduced intratumoral mesenchymal polarization and promoted immune cell infiltration in early-stage surgically-resectable breast cancer. These results show that β-blockade reduces biomarkers associated with metastatic potential, and support the need for larger phase III clinical trials powered to detect the impact of β-blockade on cancer recurrence and survival.
See related commentary by Blaes et al., p. 1781
Development of a Novel Multi-Isoform ALDH Inhibitor Effective as an Antimelanoma Agent
Authors: Dinavahi Saketh S. , Gowda Raghavendra , Gowda Krishne , Bazewicz Christopher G. , Chirasani Venkat R. , Battu Madhu Babu , Berg Arthur , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Amin Shantu , Robertson Gavin P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are a major family of detoxifying enzymes that contribute to cancer progression and therapy resistance. ALDH overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in many cancer types. The use of multi-ALDH isoform or isoform-specific ALDH inhibitors as anticancer agents is currently hindered by the lack of viable candidates. Most multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors lack bioavailability and are nonspecific or toxic, whereas most isoform-specific inhibitors are not effective as monotherapy due to the overlapping functions of ALDH family members. The present study details the development of a novel, potent, multi-isoform ALDH inhibitor, called KS100. The rationale for drug development was that inhibition of multiple ALDH isoforms might be more efficacious for cancer compared with isoform-specific inhibition. Enzymatic IC50s of KS100 were 207, 1,410, and 240 nmol/L toward ALDH1A1, 2, and 3A1, respectively. Toxicity of KS100 was mitigated by development of a nanoliposomal formulation, called NanoKS100. NanoKS100 had a loading efficiency of approximately 69% and was stable long-term. NanoKS100 was 5-fold more selective for killing melanoma cells compared with normal human fibroblasts. NanoKS100 administered intravenously at a submaximal dose (3-fold lower) was effective at inhibiting xenografted melanoma tumor growth by approximately 65% without organ-related toxicity. Mechanistically, inhibition by KS100 significantly reduced total cellular ALDH activity to increase reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of toxic aldehydes leading to apoptosis and autophagy. Collectively, these data suggest the successful preclinical development of a nontoxic, bioavailable, nanoliposomal formulation containing a novel multi-ALDH isoform inhibitor effective in the treatment of cancer.
From the Archetypical Archive to Cultures of Documentation
Authors: Pickett James , Sartori Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay argues that recent theoretical literature on the archive contains critical insights for studies of Islamic documents, while also pushing to move beyond some of the core assumptions of that same literature. There is no question that the fundamental concerns of an “archival turn” are every bit as relevant to studies of Islamic societies, past and present, as they are to European-dominated ones. Yet investigating Islamic “archives” presents the challenge of coming to terms with a concept—the archive—and an attending set of assumptions and theoretical baggage derived almost exclusively from European history. To address this challenge, we propose that employing the term “cultures of documentation” offers a way of having one’s cake and eating it too. In deploying this expression, we signal that there existed multitudes of textual practices and record-keeping activities in the pre-industrial Islamic world, and that it is possible to move away from “archive” as a term without abandoning the core insights and questions of the historical literature built around it.
Go Out and Reconnect
Authors: Posio Pilvi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article contributes to research on community resilience by discussing the relationship of sense of place and social capital. On 11 March 2011, Japan was struck by the Great East Japan Disaster, also known as the 3.11 disaster, which greatly damaged, if not entirely destroyed, built environments and dislocated pre-disaster community networks. Although researchers have increasingly emphasised the importance of social capital to community resilience, the reconstruction of people–place relations in post-disaster settings has remained understudied. Based on an analysis of data collected during eight months of ethnographic fieldwork on long-term recovery in Yamamoto, Japan, this article explains how locals there have renegotiated social networks and their sense of place during their temporal, spatial, and social reorientation following the disaster. Overall, the findings reveal how community resilience can be characterised by a co-constructive relationship of sense of place and social capital.
Predictability of Extratropical Upper-Tropospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere by Its Main Modes of Variability
Authors: Osman Marisol , Vera Carolina S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe predictability and forecast skill of the models participating in the Climate Historical Forecast Project (CHFP) database is assessed through evaluating the representation of the upper-tropospheric extratropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter and summer and its main modes of variability. In summer, the predictability of 200-hPa geopotential height anomalies mainly comes from the ability of the multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) to forecast the first three modes of interannual variability with high fidelity. The MMEM can reproduce not only the spatial patterns of these modes but also their temporal evolution. On the other hand, in JJA only the second and fourth modes of variability are predictable by the MMEM. These seasonal differences in the performance of the MMEM seem to be related to the role that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have in influencing the variability of each mode. Accordingly, modes that are strongly linked to tropical SST anomalies are better forecast by the MMEM and show less spread among models. The analysis of both 2-m temperature and precipitation anomalies in the SH associated with the predictable modes reveals that DJF predictable modes are accompanied by significant temperature anomalies. In particular, temperatures at polar (tropical) latitudes are significantly correlated with the first (second) mode. Furthermore, these links obtained with observations are also well forecast by the MMEM and can help to improve seasonal forecast of climate anomalies in those regions with low skill.
Experimental Study of the Statistical Properties of Directionally Spread Ocean Waves Measured by Buoys
Authors: McAllister M. L. , van den Bremer T. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWave-following buoys are used to provide measurements of free surface elevation across the oceans. The measurements they produce are widely used to derive wave-averaged parameters such as significant wave height and peak period, alongside wave-by-wave statistics such as crest height distributions. Particularly concerning the measurement of extreme wave crests, these measurements are often perceived to be less accurate. We directly assess this through a side-by-side laboratory comparison of measurements made using Eulerian wave gauges and model wave-following buoys for randomly generated directionally spread irregular waves representative of extreme conditions on deep water. This study builds on the recent work of McAllister and van den Bremer (2019, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-19-0170.1), in which buoy measurements of steep directionally spread focused waves groups were considered. Our experiments confirm that the motion of a wave-following buoy should not significantly affect the measured wave crest statistics or spectral parameters and that the discrepancies observed for in situ buoy data are most likely a result of filtering. This filtering occurs when accelerations that are measured by the sensors within a buoy are converted to displacements. We present an approximate means of correcting the resulting measured crest height distributions, which is shown to be effective using our experimental data.