bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El Camp y otras ciudades. Una Ciudad-territorio reflejada en otras similares.
Authors: Delclòs Alió Lluís , Sardà Ferran Jordi , Greco Federica , Karamanea Panita 
Published: May 2020

“El Camp és ciutat” (El Campo es ciudad), en referencia al Camp de Tarragona, fue el título que abría el prólogo de la “Guia d’Arquitectura del Camp”, publicada en 1996. Desde entonces, se ha insistido en la aseveración y en reconocer las propiedades y especificidades de esta especialísima Ciudad-territorio. El conocimiento se ha producido a través de estudios sectoriales -más que generales- y en cursos, tesinas y tesis; pero ninguna estructura de gobierno, planeamiento o control explicita la realidad objeto del presente estudio. Así identificaremos realidades urbanas similares al Camp y, desde la comparación de valores, déficits, referencias y ausencias, trataremos de observarlo mediante el reflejo de sus ciudades hermanas, para poder apuntar nuevas fórmulas de ordenación y gobierno. El Mediterráneo puede ser el nexo. Su clima y cultivos o un turismo en auge pero inestable que, instalado sobre la costa, compite con una industria altamente productiva. Deben ser ciudades de ciudades, policéntricas, mezclando viejo y nuevo, con jerarquías más implícitas que explícitas, con buenas comunicaciones, aeropuertos y puertos (casi siempre con refinerías de petróleo dentro) y que, sobre todo, estarán habituadas a convivir con el conflicto y a sacar partido de él. Nos proponemos comparar el Camp con el Campo de Cartagena, Taranto y Eleusis. Buscamos situaciones urbanas donde -sobre territorios de urbanidad antigua- las viejas y las nuevas ciudades asumen roles distintos, sin dejar de trabajar al unísono. Lugares donde fenómenos tan dispares como patrimonio, campo productivo, actividad industrial y desarrollo turístico compiten y comparten urbanidad y beneficio.
The influences of historic lake trophy and mixing regime changes on long-term phosphorus fraction retention in sediments of deep eutrophic lakes: a case study from Lake Burgäschi, Switzerland
Authors: Tu Luyao , Zander Paul , Szidat Sönke , Lloren Ronald , Grosjean Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hypolimnetic anoxia in eutrophic lakes can delay lake recovery to
lower trophic states via the release of sediment phosphorus (P) to surface
waters on short timescales in shallow lakes. However, the long-term effects
of hypolimnetic redox conditions and trophic state on sedimentary P fraction
retention in deep lakes are not clear yet. Hypolimnetic withdrawal of P-rich
water is predicted to diminish sedimentary P and seasonal P recycling from
the lake hypolimnion. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence from
well-dated sediment cores, in particular from deep lakes, about the
long-term impact of hypolimnetic withdrawal on sedimentary P retention. In
this study, long-term sedimentary P fraction data since the early 1900s from
Lake Burgäschi provide information on benthic P retention under the
influence of increasing lake primary productivity (sedimentary
green-pigment proxy), variable hypolimnion oxygenation regimes (Fe∕Mn ratio
proxy), and hypolimnetic withdrawal since 1977. Results show that before
hypolimnetic withdrawal (during the early 1900s to 1977), the redox-sensitive
Fe∕Mn-P fraction comprised ∼50 % of total P (TP) in the sediment
profile. Meanwhile, long-term retention of total P and labile P fractions in
sediments was predominantly affected by past hypolimnetic redox conditions,
and P retention increased in sedimentary Fe- and Mn-enriched layers when the
sediment-overlaying water was seasonally oxic. However, from 1977 to 2017, due to eutrophication-induced persistent anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion and to hypolimnetic water withdrawal increasing the P export out of the
lake, net burial rates of total and labile P fractions decreased
considerably in surface sediments. By contrast, refractory Ca–P fraction
retention was primarily related to lake primary production. Due to lake
restoration since 1977, the Ca–P fraction became the primary P fraction in
sediments (representing ∼39 % of total P), indicating a
lower P bioavailability of surface sediments. Our study implies that in
seasonally stratified eutrophic deep lakes (like Lake Burgäschi),
hypolimnetic withdrawal can effectively reduce P retention in sediments and
potential for sediment P release (internal P loads). However, after more than 40 years of hypolimnetic syphoning, the lake trophic state has not improved nor
has lake productivity decreased. Furthermore, this restoration has not enhanced
water column mixing and oxygenation in hypolimnetic waters. The findings of
this study are relevant regarding the management of deep eutrophic lakes with
mixing regimes typical for temperate zones.
Dipolar order mediated 1H → 13C cross-polarization for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Elliott Stuart J. , Cousin Samuel F. , Chappuis Quentin , Cala Olivier , Ceillier Morgan , Bornet Aurélien , Jannin Sami 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy often suffer from a
low intrinsic sensitivity, which can in some cases be circumvented by the
use of hyperpolarization techniques. Dissolution-dynamic nuclear
polarization offers a way of hyperpolarizing 13C spins in small
molecules, enhancing their sensitivity by up to 4 orders of magnitude.
This is usually performed by direct 13C polarization, which is
straightforward but often takes more than an hour. Alternatively, indirect
1H polarization followed by 1H→13C polarization transfer
can be implemented, which is more efficient and faster but is technically
very challenging and hardly implemented in practice. Here we propose to
remove the main roadblocks of the 1H→13C polarization
transfer process by using alternative schemes with the following: (i) less rf (radiofrequency) power; (ii) less
overall rf energy; (iii) simple rf-pulse shapes; and (iv) no synchronized 1H and
13C rf irradiation. An experimental demonstration of such a simple
1H→13C polarization transfer technique is presented for the
case of [1-13C]sodium acetate, and is compared with the most
sophisticated cross-polarization schemes. A polarization transfer efficiency
of ∼0.43 with respect to cross-polarization was realized,
which resulted in a 13C polarization of ∼8.7 % after
∼10 min of microwave irradiation and a single
polarization transfer step.
Potential influence of overpressurized gas on the induced seismicity in the St. Gallen deep geothermal project (Switzerland)
Authors: Zbinden Dominik , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Diehl Tobias , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In July 2013, the city of St. Gallen conducted a deep geothermal project that aimed to exploit energy for district heating and generating power. A few days after an injection test and two acid stimulations that caused only minor seismicity, a gas kick forced the operators to inject drilling mud to combat the kick. Subsequently, multiple earthquakes were induced on a fault several hundred meters away from the well, including a ML 3.5 event that was felt throughout the nearby population centers. Given the occurrence of a gas kick and a felt seismic sequence with low total injected fluid volumes (∼1200 m3), the St. Gallen deep geothermal project represents a particularly interesting case study of induced seismicity. Here, we first present a conceptual model based on seismic, borehole, and seismological data suggesting a hydraulic connection between the well and the fault. The overpressurized gas, which is assumed to be initially sealed by the fault, may have been released due to the stimulations before entering the well via the hydraulic connection. We test this hypothesis with a numerical model calibrated against the borehole pressure of the injection test. We successfully reproduce the gas kick and spatiotemporal characteristics of the main seismicity sequence following the well control operation. The results indicate that the gas may have destabilized the fault during and after the injection operations and could have enhanced the resulting seismicity. This study may have implications for future deep hydrothermal projects conducted in similar geological conditions with potentially overpressurized in-place gas.
De vrijheden van vestiging en ondernemerschap en de preventieve toetsing van de a-grond door het UWV: is de toetsing in overeenstemming met AGET Iraklis?
Authors: Verburg L.G. 
Published: May 2020

De vrijheden van vestiging en ondernemerschap en de preventieve toetsing van de a-grond door het UWV: is de toetsing in overeenstemming met AGET Iraklis?
Deze bijdrage onderzoekt de vraag of ons Nederlandse systeem van de preventieve toetsing door het UWV van ontslagen die het gevolg zijn van bedrijfseconomische omstandigheden als bedoeld in artikel 7:669 lid 3 sub a BW (de a-grond) in overeenstemming is met het Unierecht. Een nauwgezette analyse van de rechtspraak van het HvJ EU, waaronder in het bijzonder het AGET Iraklis-arrest uit 2016, wijst uit dat de aanwijzingen die het HvJ geeft omtrent de uitlegging van het Unierecht, in het bijzonder ten aanzien van de toepassing van de vrijheid van vestiging in samenhang met de vrijheid van ondernemerschap, repercussies hebben voor het Nederlandse systeem van de preventieve toetsing van ontslagen op de a-grond. De conclusie luidt dat de toetsing door het UWV van het besluit van de ondernemer dat de arbeidsplaats van een werknemer is vervallen door beëindiging van de werkzaamheden van de onderneming of structureel vervalt door maatregelen die om bedrijfseconomische redenen noodzakelijk zijn voor een doelmatige bedrijfsvoering, strijdig is met het Unierecht en daarom achterwege moet blijven. De oorzaak ligt bij het ontbreken van concrete, objectieve en controleerbare uitvoeringsbepalingen. De toetsing van de vervolgvraag betreffende de ontslagvolgorde lijkt wel te voldoen aan de eisen die voortvloeien uit de rechtspraak van het HvJ EU.
Trials in absentia of foreign terrorist fighters in the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: Heij Zoë 
Published: May 2020

Trials in absentia of foreign terrorist fighters in the Netherlands and Belgium
Judgements rendered in the accused’s absence form a special category of criminal judgements that undoubtedly do not provide for the same safeguards that would be in place when a judgement is rendered in the accused’s presence. Nonetheless, provided that strict conditions are adhered to, trials in absentia can be compatible with the accused’s right to be present. This article examines the standards that have been developed under international human rights law, providing for the normative framework, to see to what extent the trials in absentia of foreign terrorist fighters in the Netherlands and Belgium comply therewith. By pointing to analogies and contrasts, this article wishes to contribute to finding answers to this dilemma.
De WAMCA onder de loep genomen
Authors: Oving A.A.L. 
Published: May 2020

De WAMCA onder de loep genomen
In maart 2019 heeft de Eerste Kamer de Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie (WAMCA) aangenomen en per 1 januari 2020 is zij in werking getreden. In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur welke (procesrechtelijke) wijzigingen de WAMCA met zich brengt, en of de WAMCA de in de praktijk meest voorkomende knelpunten bij het afwikkelen van massaschade ondervangt.
Enhancement of specific T-lymphocyte responses by monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with E2 protein of human papillomavirus 16 and human p16INK4A
Authors: Sunthamala Nuchsupha , Sankla Neeranuch , Chuerduangphui Jureeporn , Swangphon Piyawut , Boontun Wanchareeporn , Ngaochaiyaphum Supakpong , Wongjampa Weerayut , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Pientong Chamsai 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Prophylactic vaccines are already available for prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, we still await development of therapeutic vaccines with high efficiency for stimulating specific T lymphocytes to clear HPV infection.

Objective
This study investigates the potential for subunits of human p16INK4a protein and E2 protein of HPV16 to stimulate dendritic cells and enhance the specific response of T lymphocytes against HPV-infected cells.

Methodology
Immunogenic epitopes of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins were predicted through the common HLA class I and II alleles present in the Thai population. Then, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) were pulsed with HPV16 E2 and/or p16INK4a protein s and their maturity assessed. MDCs pulsed with either or both of these proteins at optimal concentrations were used for activation of autologous T lymphocytes and IFN-γ production was measured for specific response function.

Results
HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins contain various immunogenic epitopes which can be presented by antigen-presenting cells via both HLA class I and II molecules. The stimulation of MDCs with either HPV16 E2 or p16INK4a proteins increased percentages and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD83+ MDCs in a dose-dependent manner. An optimum concentration of 250 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins, respectively, stimulated MDCs via the MAPK pathway (confirmed by use of MAPK inhibitors). T lymphocytes could be activated by MDCs pulsed with these proteins, leading to high percentages of both CD4+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes. The production of IFN-γ was higher in co-cultures containing MDCs pulsed with HPV16 E2 protein than those pulsed with p16INK4a. Interestingly, MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a significantly increased IFN-γ production of T lymphocytes. The IFN-γ production was inhibited by both HLA class I and II blockade, particularly in co-cultures with MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a.

Conclusions
This suggests that MDCs pulsed with both proteins enhances specific response of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This study might provide a strategy for further in vivo study of stimulation of T lymphocytes for therapy of HPV-associated cancer.
Glucose metabolism in cholinoceptive cortical ratbrain regions after basal forebrain cholinergic lesion
Authors: Mehlhorn Gaby , Löffler Thomas , Apelt Jenny , Robner Steffen , Urabe Takao , Hattori Nobutaka , Nagamatsu Shinya , Bigl Volker , Schliebs Reinhard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo address the question whether the changes in cortical glucose metabolism observedin patients with Alzheimers disease are interrelated with, or consequences of, basal forebraincholinergic cell loss, an experimental approach was employed to produce cortical cholinergicdysfunction in rat brain by administration of the cholinergic immunotoxin 192IgG‐saporin. [14C]d‐glucose utilization in brain homogenates, d‐glucose‐displaceable [3H]cytochalasin B binding to glucose transporters (GLUT),Northern and Western analyses, as well as in vivo [14]2‐deoxyglucoseautoradiography were used to quantify the regional glucose metabolism.Basal forebrain cholinergic lesion resulted in transient increases in glucose transporterbinding in cortical regions displaying reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, already detectableseven days after lesion with peak values around 30 days post lesion. Western analysis revealedthat the changes in total glucose transporter binding are mainly due to changes in the GLUT3subtype only, while the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA (Northern analysis) were notaffected by cholinergic lesion. Both immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridizationdemonstrated preferential localizations of GLUT1 on brain capillaries and GLUT3 on neurons,respectively. A lesion‐induced transient decrease in [14C]d‐glucoseutilization seven days post lesion was detected in the lesion site, whereas cholinoceptive corticalregions were not affected. In vivo [14C]deoxyglucose uptake was transientlyincreased in cholinoceptive cortical regions and in the lesion site being highest between three toseven days after lesion.The cholinergic lesion‐induced transient up‐regulation of cortical glucose transporters anddeoxyglucose uptake reflects an increased glucose demand in regions depleted by acetylcholinesuggesting functional links between cortical cholinergic activity and glucose metabolism incholinoceptive target regions.
The role of protein kinase Cα in U‐87 glioma invasion
Authors: Cho Kyung‐Keun , Mikkelsen Tom , Lee Yong J. , Jiang Feng , Chopp Michael , Rosenblum Mark L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo investigate the hypothesis that protein kinase Cα (PKCα) is functional glial tumor cell invasion, stable PKCα sense and antisense transfected U‐87 cell lines were established and PKCα expression characterized by Western blot and PKC activity assays. Invasion assays including barrier migration (Koochekpour et al., Extracellular matrix proteins inhibit proliferation, upregulate migration and induce morphological changes in human glioma lines. Eur. J. Cancer,1995, 31, 375–380; Merzak et al., CD44 mediates human glioma cell adhesion and invasion in vitro. Cancer Res., 1994, 54, 3988–3992; Merzak et al., Cell surface gangliosides are involved in the control of human glioma cell invasion in vitro. Neurosci. Lett., 1994, 177, 11–16), and spheroid confrontation were used to study the relationship between PKCα expression and invasiveness. PKCα overexpressing clones show increased barrier migration (1.5×) relative to the control transfected clones. PKCα inhibited clones exhibited reduced invasiveness, to <50%. In coculture with PKCα overexpressing clones, the remaining normal fetal rat brain aggregate volume was significantly decreased (up to 20%) but 90% of the initial brain volume was left in PKCα inhibited clone in the rat brain aggregate tumor spheroid confrontation. This effect was not associated with significant growth inhibition. We conclude that expression of PKCα in glioma‐derived cell lines appears to be central to glioma invasion in vitro.
Clinical features of panic attacks in schizophrenia
Authors: Baylé F.J. , Krebs M.O. , Epelbaum C. , Levy D. , Hardy P. 
Published: July 2002

SummarySince reports have underscored that panic attacks (PA) may be an identifiable state occurring in schizophrenia, we studied the symptomatology of PA in a group of schizophrenic patients. Of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females) attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, 19 (36.8%) had a lifetime history of PA. Seven among those 19 patients (36.8%) had or had had spontaneous panic attacks, not related to phobic fears or delusional fears, and for the 12 remaining patients, the PA were related to paranoid ideas. Moreover, the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia tends to be more often associated with a history of panic attack than other subtypes of schizophrenia (52.6% vs 23.8%; χ2 = 3.5, P = .06). It seems that there are at least two types of PA in schizophrenic patients. The first one could be independent from the psychotic feature, with no psychopathological link. The second kind of PA could be directly related to a schizophrenic disorder, and found in patients with the paranoid subtype.
Methodological issues in the design of clinical studies of new drugs for
the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Holland RL 
Published: July 2002

Summary
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is increasingly recognised to be
relatively common and responsive to some drug treatments (serotonin reuptake
inhibitors). Clinical studies utilising recognised diagnostic criteria have
identified some relevant negative prognostic factors: early age at disease
onset, severe baseline disease, and failure of previous drug treatments all
of which reduce the apparent success rates of SRI drugs. Furthermore,
patients with comorbid tics seem to respond best to a combination of SRI
activity and dopamine blockade. Short term efficacy studies are best
performed with a parallel group design and a duration of around 3 months.
Long term efficacy studies should probably use the relapse prevention
design, with open label responders randomised to double blind continuation
or placebo. Does finding has not been properly explored, and any one fixed
dose will only be optimal for some patients. Efficacy can be reliably
measured using the YBOCs, NIMH-OC and CGI rating scales.
Economics of chronic heart failure
Authors: Berry Colin , Murdoch David R. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) is now recognized as a major and escalating public health problem. The costs of this syndrome, both in economic and personal terms, are considerable. The prevalence of CHF is 1–2% and appears to be increasing, in part because of ageing of the population. Economic analyses of CHF should include both direct and indirect costs of care. Healthcare expenditure on CHF in developed countries consumes 1–2% of the total health care budget. The cost of hospitalization represents the greatest proportion of total expenditure. Optimization of drug therapy represents the most effective way of reducing costs. Recent economic analyses in the Netherlands and Sweden suggest the costs of care are rising.
Early estimation soil‐cement for enlarged bases in bored precast piling method based on cement‐water ratio
Authors: Yoda Yuya , Asaka Yoshiharu , Yamato Yuka , Kimura Takumi , Kishida Satoru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bored precast piling method is used to obtain bearing loads via construction of an enlarged base and a pile fixture part by injecting and agitating cement milk into mud in an excavated hole, whereby the pile tip reaches the bearing stratum. Achieving the requisite strength of the soil‐cement mix, from which the enlarged base is constructed, is critical for ensuring that the bearing load is withstood. In this study, several aspects of this piling method were investigated to assess its applicability to a wide range of soil types and to construct a rapid and highly accurate quality control method. First, the material composition of the soil‐cement mix used in the enlarged base of a bored precast pile was investigated. Next, the parameters affecting the evaluation of the strength of the soil‐cement mix were identified via laboratory mixing tests, and an equation for strength estimation was established. Finally, a method was proposed for analyzing the material composition of the soil‐cement mix at the site, and technology was developed to enable early estimation of the 28‐ day(s) compressive strength based on the material composition. Ultimately, the estimation accuracy of this methodology was verified at 80 sites.