bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo isolated human vessel perfusion system for the design and assessment of nanomedicines targeted to the endothelium
Authors: Lysyy Taras , Bracaglia Laura G. , Qin Lingfeng , Albert Claire , Pober Jordan S. , Tellides George , Saltzman W. Mark , Tietjen Gregory T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndothelial cells play a central role in the process of inflammation. Their biologic relevance, as well as their accessibility to IV injected therapeutics, make them a strong candidate for treatment with molecularly‐targeted nanomedicines. Typically, the properties of targeted nanomedicines are first optimized in vitro in cell culture and then in vivo in rodent models. While cultured cells are readily available for study, results obtained from isolated cells can lack relevance to more complex in vivo environments. On the other hand, the quantitative assays needed to determine the impact of nanoparticle design on targeting efficacy are difficult to perform in animal models. Moreover, results from animal models often translate poorly to human systems. To address the need for an improved testing platform, we developed an isolated vessel perfusion system to enable dynamic and quantitative study of vascular‐targeted nanomedicines in readily obtainable human vessels isolated from umbilical cords or placenta. We show that this platform technology enables the evaluation of parameters that are critical to targeting efficacy (including flow rate, selection of targeting molecule, and temperature). Furthermore, biologic replicates can be easily produced by evaluating multiple vessel segments from the same human donor in independent, modular chambers. The chambers can also be adapted to house vessels of a variety of sizes, allowing for the subsequent study of vessel segments in vivo following transplantation into immunodeficient mice. We believe this perfusion system can help to address long‐standing issues in endothelial targeted nanomedicines and thereby enable more effective clinical translation.
98% IGHV gene identity is the optimal cutoff to dichotomize the prognosis of Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shi Ke , Sun Qian , Qiao Chun , Zhu Huayuan , Wang Li , Wu Jiazhu , Wang Lili , Fu Jianxin , Young Ken H. , Fan Lei , Xia Yi , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status has been an important prognostic factor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for decades. Patients with unmutated IGHV (≥98% identity to the germline sequence) have inferior prognosis and tend to carry unfavorable genetic markers compared to those with mutated IGHV (<98% identity to the germline sequence). However, 98% as the cutoff for IGHV mutational status is a mathematical choice and remains controversial. We have previously reported distinct IGHV repertoire features between Chinese and western CLL populations. Here, we retrospectively studied 595 Chinese CLL patients to determine the best cutoff value for IGHV in Chinese CLL population. Using 1% as the interval for IGHV identity, we divided the studied cohort into seven subgroups from 95% to 100%. Briefer time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) were observed in cases with ≥98% compared to those with <98%, while the differences were obscure within subgroups ≥98% (98%‐98.99%, 99%‐99.99%, and 100%) and <98% (<94.99%, 95%‐95.99%, 96%‐96.99%, and 97%‐97.99%). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of 98% being the cutoff for IGHV identity in terms of both TTFT and OS. All the prognostic factors, including del(17p13), del(11q22.3), TP53 mutation, MYD88 mutation, NOTCH1 mutation, SF3B1 mutation, CD38, ZAP‐70, Binet staging, gender, and β2‐microglobulin, were significantly different in distribution between group <98% and group ≥98%, but not among subgroups 98%‐98.99%, 99%‐99.99%, and 100%. In conclusion, 98% is the optimal cutoff of IGHV identity for the prognosis evaluation of Chinese CLL patients.
Pyrene‐Based Noncovalent Immobilization of Nitrogenase on Carbon Surfaces
Authors: Patel Janki , Cai Rong , Milton Ross , Chen Hui , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly work with viologen‐mediated nitrogenase bio‐electrochemistry focused on bio‐electrocatalysis with the enzyme in solution, but biocatalyst immobilization at electrode surfaces is favorable as it provides a high effective concentration of biocatalyst at the electrode surface. We have used a pyrene–peptide linker as a method for immobilizing nitrogenase on carbon electrode surfaces for nitrogenase bio‐electrocatalysis.
Use of objective imaging systems to assess subjective grain appearance traits important to the US rice industry
Authors: McClung Anna M. , Chen Ming‐Hsuan , Jodari Farman , Famoso Adam N. , Addison Christopher K. , Linscombe Steven D. , Ottis Brian V. , Moldenhauer Karen A. K. , Walker Timothy W. , Wilson Lloyd T. , McKenzie Kent S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesMilled rice grain appearance traits, including chalk, determine its grade, price, and marketability. These appearance traits are evaluated visually (VI) in the United States by officially trained inspectors and at commercial mills. Digital imaging systems (IS) provide an alternative means to objectively and rapidly measure these traits. The goals of this study were to compare chalk values determined by VI and IS and to identify IS parameters that are associated with the five grain appearance traits commonly assessed by the US rice industry.FindingsMilled rice chalk determined by three VI methods used by commercial mills, a rice export company, and government inspectors, and three IS, WinSeedle, SeedCount, and S21, differed significantly. However, all six methods agreed on ranking of the best and worst of 20 US cultivars for chalkiness. Multiple linear regression analyses identified quality parameters from each IS that are associated with—bran streaks, chalk, kernel color, uniformity length, and appearance overall as determined by commercial mills.ConclusionsIS can rapidly quantify rice grain appearance traits but agree with subjective ratings for chalkiness only when differences are extreme. Subjective grain appearance traits as determined by commercial mills appear to be based on several parameters detected by IS.Significance and noveltyIS demonstrated that discolored kernels and grain chalkiness are the major factors explaining differences in overall appearance of US long‐grain varieties as subjectively assessed by commercial mills.
Recent Development on Cp*Ir(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Li Xianwei , Ouyang Wensen , Nie Jianhong , Ji Shaomin , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelective functionalization of ubiquitous C−H bonds of molecules would provide novel retrosynthetic insights and powerful tools for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. In this context, Cp*Ir(III) complexes have exhibited versatile reactivity towards the selective conversion of C−H bonds, with key features that include the use of readily transformable raw materials, great selectivity (chemo‐, stereo‐ and regio‐), high efficiency, mild reaction conditions and they enable late‐stage modification of complex molecules. Recently, Cp*Ir(III) catalysis has achieved a broad range of reactions such as multiple dehydrogenations and stereoselective C−X bond formations. These advancements are valuable to organometallic chemists and enable the efficient synthesis of functionalized architectures.
Adsorption of Methyl Chloride on Molecular Sieves, Silica Gels, and Activated Carbon
Authors: Lad Jai B. , Makkawi Yassir T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdsorption of methyl chloride (CH3Cl or MeCl) on five different types of adsorbents was investigated experimentally at increasing pressures and room temperature. Prior to adsorption, all adsorbents were analyzed to assess their physical and chemical characteristics. The experimental data was then used to determine the adsorption isotherms, heats of adsorption, adsorption rates, and their respective theoretical models. The MeCl adsorption capacity was found to reasonably correlate with the adsorbent's surface area. The MeCl adsorption isotherm and adsorption rates were fitted for the first time to a Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo first‐/second‐order kinetic models, respectively. The range of heat of adsorption indicated a physisorption type of bonding; hence, the investigated adsorbents can potentially be regenerated for cyclic adsorption.
Solvent‐Aided Crystallization for Biodiesel Purification
Authors: Samsuri Shafirah , Jian Ngiam Li , Jusoh Farah Wahida , Hernández Yáñez Eduard , Yahya Noor Yahida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe application of solvent‐aided crystallization (SAC) is based on the addition of a solvent, here 1‐butanol, to crude biodiesel to catalyze the purification process by separating biodiesel from contaminants via crystallization process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process parameters of SAC, represented by biodiesel purity. The purified biodiesel was analyzed by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry for the composition of the present fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Under the predicted optimum process conditions within the experimental ranges for the highest biodiesel purity, the predicted biodiesel purity was 99.375 %.
Parameter Estimation for Incompressible Cake Filtration: Advantages of a Modified Fitting Method
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Pergam Philip , Briesen Heiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is a widely used linear strategy to determine the parameters specific cake resistance and filter medium resistance in incompressible cake filtration. In this article, it is intended to demonstrate that this strategy has some disadvantages and should be replaced by an alternative nonlinear approach which yields more exact results. Even though the gains in precision are small for most cases, the nonlinear strategy is favored because it involves no extra effort and is grounded in the same physical theory as the original approach. This claim is based on a broad simulation study using noisy data with known parameter values to compare both fitting strategies and judge their accuracies.
Carbon‐Free Nanocoral‐Structured Platinum Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Methanol Oxidation Reaction Activity with Superior Poison Tolerance
Authors: Barman Sharat Chandra , Zahed Md. Abu , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Kim Jiyoung , Xuan Xing , Nah Joong San , Park Sehkyu , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoisoning from carbonaceous species and poor mass activity of catalysts are two major challenges that should be overcome for the commercial applications of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). In this work, superior poison‐tolerant, carbon‐free nanocoral‐structured platinum (ncs‐Pt) catalysts are successfully synthesized by using a micelle‐directed method. The morphology and pore size of ncs‐Pt are tailored by varying the compositional ratio of Pt in the precursor solutions and by changing the molecular ratios of different surfactant blocks. The physical properties of the ncs‐Pt catalyst are observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, whereas the electrochemical characteristics are analyzed through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The developed ncs‐Pt (5 mM) catalyst exhibits a high density of porous structures, high index facets, lower d‐band center, and a highly negative onset potential (−0.59 V). Therefore, the developed ncs‐Pt catalyst offers enhanced mass activity 6.56 mA/μg and superior poison tolerance 5.62 for the methanol oxidation reaction.
Methanethiosulfonate Derivative of OX063 Trityl: A Promising and Efficient Reagent for Side‐Directed Spin Labeling of Proteins
Authors: Tormyshev Victor M. , Chubarov Alexey S. , Krumkacheva Olesya A. , Trukhin Dmitry V. , Rogozhnikova Olga Yu. , Spitsyna Anna S. , Kuzhelev Andrey A. , Koval Vladimir V. , Fedin Matvey V. , Godovikova Tatyana S. , Bowman Michael K. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTrityl radicals (TAMs) have recently appeared as an alternative source of spin labels for measuring long distances in biological systems. Finland trityl radical (FTAM) served as the basis for this new generation of spin labels, but FTAM is rather lipophilic and susceptible to self‐aggregation, noncovalent binding with lipophilic sites of proteins, and noncovalent docking at the termini of duplex DNA. In this paper the very hydrophilic OX063 TAM with very low toxicity and little tendency for aggregation is used as the basis for a spin label. Human serum albumin (HSA) labeled with OX063 has an intense narrow line typical of TAM radicals in solution, whereas HSA labeled with FTAM shows broad lines and extensive aggregation. In pulse EPR measurements, the measured phase memory time TM for HSA labeled with OX063 is 6.3 μs at 50 K, the longest yet obtained with a TAM‐based spin label. The lowered lipophilicity also decreases side products in the labeling reaction.
Programmed death ligand 1 expression in EBUS aspirates of non–small cell lung cancer: Is interpretation affected by type of fixation?
Authors: Gosney John R. , Haragan Alexander , Chadwick Claire , Giles Tom E. , Grundy Seamus , Tippett Victoria , Gumparthy Krishna P. , Wight Andrew , Tan Hock G. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMuch of the reluctance about using cytology specimens rather than histology specimens to assess programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression for guiding the use of immune modulating drugs in the management of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on the belief that the alcohol‐based fixatives favored by cytopathologists might reduce the antigenicity of PD‐L1 and lead to artifactually low expression levels and false‐negative reporting. Therefore, this study was performed to determine whether there is any difference in PD‐L1 expression between endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)–guided aspirates of NSCLC fixed in alcohol‐based fixatives and those fixed in neutral buffered formalin (NBF), the standard laboratory fixative for histology specimens.MethodsThe expression of PD‐L1 was compared in 50 paired EBUS aspirates of NSCLC taken from the same lymph node during the same procedure. One aspirate of each pair was fixed in an alcohol‐based fixative, and the other was fixed in NBF.ResultsIn none of the 50 pairs was there any significant difference, qualitative or quantitative, in the strength, pattern, or extent of PD‐L1 expression. In the great majority, the expression was identical, regardless of fixation.ConclusionsThere is no evidence from this study showing that the use of alcohol‐based fixatives has any effect on the expression of PD‐L1 or its interpretation. Notwithstanding the general challenges in accurately assessing such expression in cytology specimens, pathologists should feel able to interpret them with confidence, and clinicians should feel able to rely on the results.
Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction: A Route‐Dependent Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Kalamaras Evangelos , Wang Huizhi , Mercedes Maroto‐Valer M. , Andresen John M. , Xuan Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolar‐fuel formation via photoelectrochemical (PEC) routes using water and CO2 as feedstock has attracted much attention. Most PEC CO2 reduction studies have been focused on the development of novel photoactive materials; however, there is still a lack of understanding of the key limiting factors of this process. In this study, the theoretical limits of Solar‐to‐Fuel (STF) efficiencies of single‐ and dual‐junction photo‐absorbing materials are illustrated for single‐step multi‐electron CO2 reduction into fuels including HCOO−, CO, CH3OH and C2H5OH. It is also highlighted that STF efficiency depends on the route of two‐step PEC CO2 reduction process using CH3OH as a model fuel. Finally, it is illustrated the beneficial role of alternative strategies such as dual‐junction photo‐absorbing electrodes, externally applied bias and subsequent reactor chambers on the maximum theoretical efficiencies of PEC CO2 reduction.
Effective Singlet Oxygen Generation in Silica‐Coated CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots through Energy Transfer for Photocatalysis
Authors: Gu Kailun , Wang Yu , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Jingrun , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere, silica‐coated CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) were demonstrated to be effective photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The silica encapsulation improved the stability of the perovskite QDs while also preserving an excellent light‐harvesting capability in the visible‐light region. The appropriate exciton binding energy and dark exciton generation characteristics of perovskite QDs may be responsible for the energy transfer. The high oxidizability of 1O2 makes the material attractive for application in decomposition of organic dyes such as methyl orange. This work provides new insight for designing excellent perovskite‐based photocatalysts.
Phenothiazine‐Functionalized Poly(norbornene)s as High‐Rate Cathode Materials for Organic Batteries
Authors: Otteny Fabian , Studer Gauthier , Kolek Martin , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin , Esser Birgit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganic cathode materials are handled as promising candidates for new energy‐storage solutions based on their transition‐metal‐free composition. Phenothiazine‐based polymers are attractive owing to their redox potential of 3.5 V vs. Li/Li+ and high cycling stabilities. Herein, three types of poly(norbornene)s were investigated, functionalized with phenothiazine units through either a direct connection or ester linkages, as well as their crosslinked derivatives. The directly linked poly(3‐norbornylphenothiazine)s demonstrated excellent rate capability and cycling stability with a capacity retention of 73 % after 10 000 cycles at a C‐rate of 100 C for the crosslinked polymer. The polymer network structure of the crosslinked poly(3‐norbornylphenothiazine) was beneficial for its rate performance.
A case of oncocytic lipoadenoma of the submandibular gland and its diagnostic cytology challenges
Authors: Murshed Khaled A. , Khalafalla Ammar , Alani Belal , Farghaly Hanan , Alkhalil Moustafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLipomatous tumors of the salivary gland in general are rare and oncocytic lipoadenomas are even much rarer. Most of the reported cases of oncocytic lipoadenoma were located in the parotid gland and to the best of our knowledge, only four cases reported to arise from the submandibular gland. The preoperative interpretation of the aspirates taken from these lesions can be difficult and challenging. We report a case of a 41 year old gentleman who presented with submandibular gland swelling. CT scan of the neck revealed an oval‐shape enhancing mass in the inferior aspect of the right submandibular gland measuring 19 × 12 mm. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showed hypocellular smears with few clusters of epithelial cells having oncocytic appearance. The cytologic findings were interpreted as “oncocytic lesion.” Submandibular gland excision was done. Histologically, a final diagnosis of oncocytic lipoadenoma was rendered. We present this rare entity to add to the few cases reported to date and to upsurge awareness during cytologic examination of oncocytic salivary gland lesions.
Psychosocial research in the diabetic foot: Are we making progress?
Authors: Vileikyte Loretta , Pouwer Frans , Gonzalez Jeffrey S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/MethodsThis review summarizes recent advances regarding the role of psychological factors in people with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). It describes the detrimental effects of diabeticfoot complications and in particular, Charcot Neuroarthropathy (CN), on health status and quality of life (QoL) and emphasizes the importance of utilizing DFU‐specific assessment tools.ResultsDiabetic neuropathy (DN)‐related postural instability is key in generating depression in high DFU risk patients and in predicting offloading non‐adherence those with active DFUs. Patients' views of their own DFU risk are largely inconsistent with biomedical models, resulting in a lack of preventive foot self‐care. Furthermore, DFUs are a source of specific emotional responses, with fear of amputation predominant. While fear of amputation is associated with better preventive foot self‐care, it appears to be linked to DFU non‐healing, though mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Until now, systemically released stress hormones were recognized as the only biological mechanism through which psychological stress influences healing. Recently, the skin has been found to be an extra‐adrenal site for glucocorticoid synthesis with local, tissue‐specific cortisol implicated in DFU non‐healing.ConclusionsThese observations could potentially lead to future targets for therapeutic and psychological interventions.
Snagfall the first decade after severe bark beetle infestation of high‐elevation forests in Colorado, USA
Authors: Rhoades Charles C. , Hubbard Robert M. , Hood Paul R. , Starr Banning J. , Tinker Daniel B. , Elder Kelly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe persistence and fall rate of snags (standing dead trees) generated during bark beetle outbreaks have consequences for the behavior, effects, and suppression of potential wildfires, hazard tree and timber salvage operations, wildlife habitat, and numerous ecosystem processes. However, post‐beetle snagfall dynamics are poorly understood in most forest types. We tagged standing live and dead lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), including beetle‐killed pine snags following the peak of a recent mountain pine bark beetle outbreak in watersheds at the Fraser Experimental Forest in northcentral Colorado and sampled snagfall 10 and 12 years later. Bark beetle attacks began in 2003, peaked by 2006, and killed 78% of overstory lodgepole pine in 133 plots distributed across a range of stand and site conditions. Of those snags, only 17% fell between 2007 and 2018. Most snags broke at ground level, due to butt rot, and were oriented downhill. In contrast, snags that tipped up or snapped off above the ground were oriented with the prevailing winds. Equal numbers of snags fell singly and in multiple‐tree groups, and equal numbers remained elevated rather than in contact with the ground. Lodgepole pine snagfall was 1.6‐times higher on steep slopes (>40%) where dead pine density was higher, compared to flatter sites. Based on our findings and previous research, we estimate that one‐half the beetle‐killed lodgepole pine in high‐elevation forests such as those at Fraser may fall within 15–20 yr of beetle infestation, but that some pine snags are likely to persist for decades longer. Post‐outbreak snagfall dynamics create a multiple‐decade legacy of bark beetle outbreaks that will persist longer in high‐elevation compared to lower‐elevation forests.