bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration of bisphenol a into food simulants and meat rations during initial time of storage
Authors: Stojanović Branislav , Radović Ljubica , Natić Dejan , Dodevska Margarita , Vraštanović‐Pavičević Gordana , Balaban Milica , Stojanović Zdenka , Antić Vesna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to assume the amount of BPA that can migrate to food packed into the cans coated by epoxy‐phenolic lacquer. The assumption was made by determining the amount of BPA which migrates from the inner can coating to different food simulants: 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, their mixture (3% acetic acid +10% ethanol), and 50% ethanol. The examined tinplate cans were made by the special requirements of the Serbian Armed Forces. Further, the effect of the sterilization process and the very initial time of storage (15–105 days), on the level of BPA in the canned meatballs in tomato sauce, which are in the regular use of the Serbian Armed Forces, was examined. The BPA content was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS), and compared with BPA content found in the food simulants.
Autologous adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex cryptoglandular perianal fistula: A randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up
Authors: Garcia-Arranz Mariano , Garcia-Olmo Damián , Herreros María Dolores , Gracia-Solana José , Guadalajara Héctor , Portilla Fernando , Baixauli Jorge , Garcia-Garcia Jacinto , Ramirez José Manuel , Sanchez-Guijo Fermín , Prosper Felipe ,   the FISPAC Collaborative Group
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this clinical trial (ID Number NCT01803347) was to determine the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for treatment of cryptoglandular fistula. This research was conducted following an analysis of the mistakes of a same previous phase III clinical trial. We designed a multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial, recruiting 57 patients. Forty-four patients were categorized as belonging to the intent-to-treat group. Of these, 23 patients received 100 million ASCs plus intralesional fibrin glue (group A) and 21 received intralesional fibrin glue (group B), both after a deeper curettage of tracks and closure of internal openings. Fistula healing was defined as complete re-epithelialization of external openings. Those patients in whom the fistula had not healed after 16 weeks were eligible for retreatment. Patients were evaluated at 1, 4, 16, 36, and 52 weeks and 2 years after treatment. Results were assessed by an evaluator blinded to the type of treatment. After 16 weeks, the healing rate was 30.4% in group A and 42.8% in group B, rising to 55.0% and 63.1%, respectively, at 52 weeks. At the end of the study (2 years after treatment), the healing rate remained at 50.0% in group A and had reduced to 26.3% in group B. The safety of the cellular treatment was confirmed and no impact on fecal continence was detected. The main conclusion was that autologous ASCs for the treatment of cryptoglandular perianal fistula is safe and can favor long-term and sustained fistula healing.

Significance statement Autologous mesenchymal stem cells treatment for complex perianal fistula is safe, but according to the current results, it seems to provide an advantage over a good surgical protocol at 2 years after treatment and then results are similar to those shown with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in previous clinical trials.
Constructing Built‐in Electric Field in Ultrathin Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets by N and O Codoping for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Yan Bo , Du Chun , Yang Guowei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCodoping of N and O in ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets leads to an inner electric field. This field restrains the recombination of photogenerated carriers and, thus, enhances hydrogen evolution. The layered structure of codoped g‐C3N4 nanosheets (N‐O‐CNNS) not only provides abundant sites of contact with the reaction medium, but also decreases the distance over which the photogenerated electron–hole pairs are transported to the reaction interface. Quantum confinement in the ultrathin structure results in an increased bandgap and makes the photocatalytic reaction more favorable than bulk g‐C3N4. Under visible light irradiation, N‐O‐CNNS with 3 wt% Pt achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 9.2 mmol g−1 h−1 and a value of 46.9 mmol g−1 h−1 under AM1.5 with 5 wt% Pt. Thus, this work paves the way for designing efficient nanostructures with increased separation/transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers and, hence, increased photocatalytic activities.
The effect of water to cement ratio and age on the mechanical properties of cement mortar and concrete made of micro‐nano bubbles without adding any admixtures
Authors: Sheikh Hassani Mohammad , Torki Ali , Asadollahfardi Gholamreza , Saghravani Seyed F. , Shafaei Jalil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effect of using water containing micro‐nano bubbles (WMNB) without adding any admixtures and normal water (NW) on the mechanical properties of cement mortar and concrete samples were investigated. Four various water to cement ratios equal to 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.35 (ranging from conventional concrete to high strength concrete), and three different curing ages of 7, 28, and 90 days were considered. The experimental results showed that the initial and final setting time of cement paste, the flow of hydraulic cement mortar and the slump of concrete samples made with WMNB were lower than that of made with NW. However, the compressive strength of cement mortar in using WMNB indicated an increase up to 16 and 7% in at 7 and 28 days, respectively. We also concluded that the optimum percentage of water to cement ratio was 0.35, which in that ratio the compressive strength enhancement of concrete made of WMNB reached the peak of 6, 18.3, and 16.3% at 7, 28, and 90 days age, respectively. Whereas increasing water to cement ratio, resulted in reducing the compressive strength of concrete. Besides, the high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy images with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray analysis were briefly conducted to explore the morphological change.
A corrosion model for the interpretation of cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete sections
Authors: Lavorato Davide , Fiorentino Gabriele , Pelle Angelo , Rasulo Alessandro , Bergami Alessandro Vittorio , Briseghella Bruno , Nuti Camillo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA generalized cyclic steel model characterized by isotropic and kinematic hardening, inelastic buckling in compression and corrosion of rebars in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is presented. The model has been implemented in a fiber code, to perform seismic analyses of RC sections. The model is particularly accurate with respect to experimental cyclic behavior of rebars with buckling in compression when the strain does not exceed 1.5%. Twelve configurations of RC cross sections were selected as case studies for three geometries and different steel arrangements, assumed representative of RC columns or bridge piers (in a suitable scale). Each section was subjected to two groups of cyclic curvature histories representative of severe seismic loads, not far from collapse. Different axial loads and corrosion percentages (no corrosion, moderate, or high) have been selected to perform cyclic parametric analyses. One of the cases was taken from an experimental test on columns, deriving also steel characteristics used in all numerical cases. The results of the comparison among RC sections have been discussed. Numerical results show that the maximum compressive strain for steel rebars is always smaller than 1.5%, therefore the proposed steel model is accurate and represents a valid tool for structural assessment. Corrosion reduces RC section capacity, affecting various rebar mechanical characteristics, in particular buckling behavior.
Effect of fly ash on mechanical properties of magnesium oxychloride cement under water attack
Authors: Guo Yingying , Zhang Yixia , Soe Khin , Hutchison Wayne D. , Timmers Heiko , Poblete Myra R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs an eco‐friendly construction material, magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) has attracted much research interest in recent decades, however, its mechanical properties degrade severely under water attack, which has prevented its wide application in engineering structures. As a widely used mineral waste, fly ash has been applied in civil engineering for decades. The active SiO2 in fly ash is considered to be conductive to improve the water resistance of MOC. In this paper, the influence of fly ash on the mechanical properties of MOC is investigated, especially when subject to water attack. First, the basic mix design of the MOC with a suitable combination of the molar ratios of MgO/MgCl2 and H2O/MgCl2 is developed, and the developed basic MOC mix is modified by adding fly ash to improve its water resistance. Second, the physical and mechanical properties of both the basic MOC and the fly ash modified MOC, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength cured at room temperature, and immersed in water for 28 days at room temperature (25°C) are determined. It is found that the incorporation of fly ash decreases the workability or fluidity, retards the setting time, but improves the compressive strength and water resistance of the MOC. The techniques of X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry are applied to the MOC specimens to discover the mechanism by which fly ash affects on the water resistance of MOC. The microscale analysis shows that the addition of fly ash optimizes the pore distribution in MOC resulting in a denser structure, which contributes to the water repellence.
An a priori DNS analysis of scale similarity based combustion models for LES of non-premixed jet flames
Authors: Shamooni A. , Cuoci A. , Faravelli T. , Sadiki A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, recently developed finite-rate dynamic scale similarity (SS) sub-grid scale (SGS) combustion models have been a priori assessed and compared with the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) and “no model” approaches based on a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of a temporally evolving non-premixed jet flame. Two different filter widths, one placed in the inertial range and the other in the near dissipation range, have been used. The analyses were carried out in two time instants corresponding to instants of maximum local extinction and re-ignition. Conditional averaged filtered chemical source terms, conditioned on different parameters in the composition space, have been presented. Improvements are observed using the dynamic SS models compared to the two other approaches in the prediction of filtered chemical source terms of individual species while using larger filter widths. However, discrepancies still exists using the dynamic SS model on the turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces of the jet, mainly in the prediction of the oxidizer consumption rate.
The impact of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation on the left atrial volume and function: study using three-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Park Hyoung-Seob , Han Seongwook , Jun Seung-Woon , Kang Na-Young , Jeon Jin-Hwa , Choi Sang-Woong , Lee Cheol Hyun , Kim In-Cheol , Cho Yun-Kyeong , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang-Wook , Hur Seung-Ho 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The exact correlation between the baseline left atrial (LA) volume (LAV) and atrial fibrillation (AF) radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) outcomes and changes to the LA after AF RFCA has not yet been fully understood. We sought to evaluate the serial changes in the LAV and LA function after RFCA using 3D echocardiography.

Methods
Consecutive patients who received RFCA of paroxysmal (PAF) or persistent AF (PeAF) at our center between January 2013 and March 2016 were included. Real-time 3D apical full-volume images were acquired, and a 3D volumetric assessment was performed using an automated three-beat averaging method. The LAV index (LAVI) was calculated and the LA ejection fraction (LAEF) was calculated as [LAVmax − LAVmin]/LAVmax.

Results
Ninety-nine total patients were enrolled, and the mean age was 58.0 ± 8.2 years and 75 (74.7%) were male. There were 59 (59.6%) PAF patients and the remaining 40 (40.4%) had PeAF. AF recurred in 5 of 59 (8.5%) PAF and in 10 of 40 (25%) PeAF patients. The LAVImax increased on 1 day, decreased at 3 months, and then increased again at 1 year but was lower than that at baseline. The LAEF changes were similar to the volume changes but were more prominent in PeAF than PAF patients. The baseline 3D LAVImax was an independent predictor of AF recurrence after RFCA and the cut-off value was 44.13 ml/m2.

Conclusion
In our study, even after 3 months of scar formation due to ablation, structural remodeling of the LA continued. The changes were more prominent in the non-recurrent, PeAF patients.
Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanowires as a Substrate for Neural Cultures
Authors: Walls Anne B. , Dimaki Maria , Korsgaard Tanya , Swiniarska Małgorzata M. , Castillo-León Jaime , Waagepetersen Helle S. , Svendsen Winnie E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary brain cells cultured on flat surfaces, i.e., in a two-dimensional fashion, have a long history of use as an experimental model system in neuroscience research. However, it is questionable to which extent these cultured brain cells resemble their in vivo counterparts. Mainly, it has been claimed that the non-oxidative glucose metabolism reflected by lactate production is unphysiologically high. Furthermore, it is known that culturing in 2D alters the phenotype of cells. Here we present diphenylalanine peptide nanowires (PNWs) as a culturing substrate for primary neocortical neurons from mice. The topology of the PNWs leads to neuronal cultures developing in 2.5D environment and hence improved culturing conditions. We investigate the effect of different concentrations of PNWs and different cell densities of neurons on the culturing conditions. The neocortical neurons were examined through scanning electron microscopy in order to study the effect of PNW concentrations and neuron densities on the structural appearance of the cells. Then employing the optimal combination of neuron density and PNW concentration, the neurons were evaluated functionally and metabolically by comparison with neocortical neurons standard culturing methods in 2D. Specifically, we tested neuronal viability, capacity for vesicular release of neurotransmitter GABA, as well as oxidative and non-oxidative glucose metabolism. It was evident that neurons cultured on PNWs exhibited increased viability combined with an increased capacity for neurotransmitter release and a lower fraction of non-oxidative metabolism than neurons cultured in 2D. Hence, neocortical neurons cultured in 2.5D on PNWs appear to be healthier and less glycolytic than neurons cultured in 2D.
Cerebral Organoids Repair Ischemic Stroke Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Shu-Na , Wang Zhi , Xu Tian-Ying , Cheng Ming-He , Li Wen-Lin , Miao Chao-Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and main cause of disability worldwide, but with few effective therapies. Although stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as an exciting regenerative medicine strategy for brain injury, there are limitations. The developed cerebral organoids (COs) represent a promising transplantation source for stroke that remains to be answered. Here, we transplanted COs at 55 days and explored the feasibility in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. COs transplantation at 6 h or even 24 h after MCAO significantly reduces brain infarct volume and improves neurological motor function. Transplanted COs show the potential of multilineage differentiation to mimic in vivo cortical development, support motor cortex region-specific reconstruction, form neurotransmitter-related neurons, and achieve synaptic connection with host brain via in situ differentiation and cell replacement in stroke. Cells from transplanted COs show extensive migration into different brain regions along corpus callosum. The mechanisms underlying COs transplantation therapy are also associated with enhanced neurogenesis, synaptic reconstruction, axonal regeneration and angiogenesis, and decreased neural apoptosis with more survival neurons after stroke. Moreover, COs transplantation promotes predominantly exogenous neurogenesis in the transplantation periphery of ipsilateral cortex and predominantly endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone. Together, we demonstrate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of COs transplantation in stroke. This preliminary but promising study provides first-hand preclinical evidence for COs transplantation as a potential and effective intervention for stroke treatment.
A Review on Binderless Tungsten Carbide: Development and Application
Authors: Sun Jialin , Zhao Jun , Huang Zhifu , Yan Ke , Shen Xuehui , Xing Jiandong , Gao Yimin , Jian Yongxin , Yang Hejie , Li Bo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWC-Co alloys have enjoyed great practical significance owing to their excellent properties during the past decades. Despite the advantages, however, recently there have been concerns about the challenges associated with the use of Co, i.e. price instability, toxicity and properties degeneration, which necessitates the fabrication of binderless tungsten carbide (BTC). On the other hand, BTC or BTC composites, none of them, to date has been commercialized and produced on an industrial scale, but only used to a limited extent for specialized applications, such as mechanical seals undergoing high burthen as well as high temperature electrical contacts. There are two challenges in developing BTC: fully densifying the sintered body together with achieving a high toughness. Thus, this review applies towards comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of sintering behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of BTC, highlighting the densification improving strategies as well as toughening methods, so as to provide reference for those who would like to enhance the performance of BTC with better reliability advancing them to further wide applications and prepare the material in a way that is environment friendly, harmless to human health and low in production cost. This paper shows that the fabrication of highly dense and high-performance BTC is economically and technically feasible. The properties of BTC can be tailored by judiciously selecting the chemical composition coupled with taking into careful account the effects of processing techniques and parameters.
Learning versus optimal intervention in random Boolean networks
Authors: Karlsen Matthew R. , Moschoyiannis Sotiris K. , Georgiev Vlad B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRandom Boolean Networks (RBNs) are an arguably simple model which can be used to express rather complex behaviour, and have been applied in various domains. RBNs may be controlled using rule-based machine learning, specifically through the use of a learning classifier system (LCS) – an eXtended Classifier System (XCS) can evolve a set ofcondition-actionrules that direct an RBN from any state to a target state (attractor). However, the rules evolved by XCS may not be optimal, in terms of minimising the total cost along the paths used to direct the network from any state to a specified attractor. In this paper, we present an algorithm for uncovering the optimal set of control rules for controlling random Boolean networks. We assign relative costs for interventions and ‘natural’ steps. We then compare the performance of this optimal rule calculator algorithm (ORC) and the XCS variant of learning classifier systems. We find that the rules evolved by XCS are not optimal in terms of total cost. The results provide a benchmark for future improvement.
Determining the hospital cost of anterior epistaxis treatment modalities at a Canadian tertiary care centre
Authors: Nithianandan Harrish , Thavorn Kednapa , Banaz Fatmahalzahra , Macdonald Kristian , Lasso Andrea , Kilty Shaun J. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the hospital costs of managing anterior epistaxis in the Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care centre in Canada.Material and methodsA cost analysis was conducted based on a retrospective review of Emergency Department visits from January 2012 to May 2014. A consecutive sample of adult patients with a diagnosis of anterior epistaxis was included. Anterior epistaxis was managed via one of: Nasal clip, Merocel®, Silver Nitrate cautery, Vaseline packing, other treatment or no treatment. Both the direct and indirect hospital costs ($CDN) for anterior epistaxis treatment were calculated from the hospital's perspective. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between treatment modalities and total hospital costs while controlling for potential confounding factors.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐three patients (49% female) with a mean age of (69.9 ± 18.5) years were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile ranges) costs of treatment ranged from C$227.83 (C$167.96, C$328.69) for observation to C$763.98 (C$632.25,C$830.23) for Merocel®. The overall median total hospital costs incurred across all modalities was C$566.24 (C$459.61, C$753.46) for the management of anterior epistaxis. Silver Nitrate, nasal clip, and observation were statistically associated with a lower cost when compared to Merocel® (P < 0.001) even after potential confounding factors were controlled.ConclusionsOur results show wide difference in the hospital cost of epistaxis across treatment modalities. These cost estimates can help inform future economic evaluation studies aiming to guide the allocation of health care resources for patients with epistaxis.
Condominium Government and the Right to Live in the City
Authors: Harris Douglas C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCondominium is an architecture of land ownership that produces separate, privately owned units within multi-unit developments. Condominium also constructs a form of private, democratic government, described as a fourth order of government, that acts beneath federal and provincial governments, and alongside municipal government, to govern owners and their property. This article considers a conflict between residential-unit owners and a commercial-unit owner within a condominium development in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. Drawing from material produced in litigation, the article situates the dispute within its property and urban contexts to argue that condominium government requires attention, and not just for its impact on owners, or even residents within, but also because cities must now account for, work alongside, and, in some circumstances, contend with these rapidly proliferating sites of government that are helping to shape who has the right to live in the city.