bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pattern Recognition Receptor C-type Lectin-S6 (CTL-S6) is Involved in the Immune Response in the Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Shen Dongxu , Tong Meijin , Guo Jiyun , Mei Xianghan , Xia Dingguo , Qiu Zhiyong , Zhao Qiaoling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Insect innate immunity is initiated by the special recognition and binding of the foreign pathogens, which is accomplished by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As an important type of PRRs, C-type lectins (CTLs) play various roles in insect innate immunity, including pathogen recognition, stimulation of prophenoloxidase, regulation of cellular immunity and so on. In this study, we have cloned the full-length cDNA of a CTL gene named CTL-S6 from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The open reading frame (ORF) of B. mori CTL-S6 encodes 378 amino acids, which contain a secretion signal peptide. The mRNA of CTL-S6 exhibited the highest transcriptional level in the midgut. Its transcriptional level increased dramatically in fat body and hemocytes upon Escherichia coli or Micrococcus luteus challenge. Purified recombinant CTL-S6 could bind to bacterial cell wall components, including peptidoglycan (PGN, from Bacillus subtilis) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from E. coli 0111:B4), and recombinant CTL-S6 was involved in the encapsulation and melanization of hemocytes. Furthermore, the addition of recombinant CTL-S6 to the hemolymph of silkworm resulted in a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity. Overall, our results indicated that B. mori CTL-S6 may serve as a PRR for the recognition of foreign pathogens, prophenoloxidase pathway stimulation and involvement in the innate immunity.
Tissue localization of selenium of parental or dietary origin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry using LA-ICP MS bioimaging
Authors: Wischhusen Pauline , Arnaudguilhem Carine , Bueno Maïté , Vallverdu Germain , Bouyssiere Brice , Briens Mickael , Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip , Geraert Pierre-André , Kaushik Sadasivam J , Fauconneau Benoit , Fontagné-Dicharry Stéphanie , Mounicou Sandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In relation to the decrease of selenium (Se) content in aquafeeds, the impact of level and form of parental and dietary Se supplementation was investigated in rainbow trout fry using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP MS) bioimaging. The offspring of rainbow trout broodstock, fed either a control diet without any Se supplementation (0.3 mg Se/kg diet) or a diet supplemented with Se (0.6 mg Se/kg diet) either as sodium selenite or hydroxy-selenomethionine, were sampled at swim-up fry stage or after 11 weeks of cross-feeding. Total body Se levels were influenced by parental Se nutrition in swim-up fry and by direct Se feeding in 11-week fry with higher levels in the Se-supplemented groups compared with the control and the highest levels in the hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment. The Se retention was lower for dietary sodium selenite. Selenomethionine levels increased when Se was provided as hydroxy-selenomethionine. LA-ICP MS maps revealed yolk in swim-up fry and intestine, liver, and kidney in 11-week fed fry as tissues with high Se abundance. In swim-up fry, muscle Se was the highest abundant when parents were fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. In 11-week fed fry, muscle Se abundance was higher in the head part of fry fed both Se-supplemented diets, but only in the tail part of fry fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. Liver Se abundance was higher in fry fed sodium selenite compared with the control diet supporting the hypothesis that tissue Se distribution can be influenced by parental and dietary Se forms and levels.
Smoking Is an Independent Risk Factor for 90-Day Readmission and Reoperation Following Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Badiee Ryan K , Chan Andrew K , Rivera Joshua , Molinaro Annette , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V , Tan Lee A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCF) is a common procedure used to treat various cervical spine pathologies, but the 90-d outcomes following PCF surgery continue to be incompletely defined.

OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors associated with 90-d readmission and reoperation following PCF surgery.

METHODS
Adults undergoing PCF from 2012 to 2020 were identified. Demographic and radiographic data, surgical characteristics, and 90-d outcomes were collected. Univariate analysis was performed using Student's t-test, chi square, and Fisher exact tests as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression models with lasso penalty were used to analyze various risk factors.

RESULTS
A total of 259 patients were included. The 90-d readmission and reoperation rates were 9.3% and 4.6%, respectively. The most common reason for readmission was surgical site infection (SSI) (33.3%) followed by new neurological deficits (16.7%). Patients who smoked tobacco had 3-fold greater odds of readmission compared to nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR]: 3.48; 95% CI 1.87-6.67; P = .0001). Likewise, the most common reason for reoperation was SSI (33.3%) followed by seroma and implant failure (25.0% each). Smoking was also an independent risk factor for reoperation, associated with nearly 4-fold greater odds of return to the operating room (OR: 3.53; 95% CI 1.53-8.57; P = .003).

CONCLUSION
Smoking is a significant predictor of 90-d readmission and reoperation in patients undergoing PCF surgery. Smoking cessation should be strongly considered preoperatively in elective PCF cases to minimize the risk of 90-d readmission and reoperation.
Case of an unusual diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome with multiple clinical complications
Authors: Tsiakas Stathis , Skalioti Chrysanthi , Kotsi Paraskevi , Boletis Ioannis , Marinaki Smaragdi 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in association with thrombotic events and/or obstetric complications. Renal involvement is not infrequent in both primary and secondary APS. Kidney manifestations comprise a wide range of clinical features, including hypertension, major renal vessel thrombosis or microvascular endothelial injury, also described as APS nephropathy. In the absence of a thrombotic event, clinical manifestations of APS are often non-specific. We recently encountered a case of primary APS in a young male with newly diagnosed hypertension and renal impairment. The diagnosis of APS was initially suspected by his kidney biopsy findings, when electron microscopy examination showed the features of chronic microangiopathy, and was later confirmed by a triple positive antiphospholipid antibody profile and multiple organ involvement.
Competency-Based Interprofessional Continuing Education Focusing on Systems Thinking and Health Care Delivery for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Will Kristen K. , Essary Alison 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Comprehensive, high-value patient-centered care incorporates many facets of the health care system that are beyond the realm of traditional medical knowledge and/or clinical skills.

Methods:
We describe a novel, learning program integrating systems-based practice curricula into competency-based interprofessional continuing education curriculum for health care professionals. The program incorporated experiential, team-based learning through the development of quality improvement projects. Presurveys and postsurveys assessed participant knowledge and skills. Mixed-level modeling analysis was used to examine the differences across all participants and each cohort.

Results:
Across all individuals in all cohorts, postsurvey scores significantly improved (pretest score 2.65) (P ≤ .001). Controlling for cohort year, postsurvey scores increased between cohorts 1 and 2 (B = 0.52; P = .01) and between cohorts 2 and 3 (B = 0.24; P = .15), although increased were nonsignificant. Cohort participants also participated in health systems improvement projects and leveraged improved patient outcomes.

Discussion:
This project signifies a unique approach to delivering systems-based curricula to interprofessional learners in the health care system. Participants became more engaged in systems change, influenced network-level QI initiatives and improvement projects, and positively influenced patient-centered outcomes. Health systems can model this program by partnering with academic organizations to scale and disseminate best practices.
Magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease: automated quantification and clinical application
Authors: Zhao Lei , Lee Allan , Fan Yu-Hua , Mok Vincent C.T. , Shi Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The common cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) neuroimaging features visible on conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging include recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain atrophy. The CSVD neuroimaging features have shared and distinct clinical consequences, and the automatic quantification methods for these features are increasingly used in research and clinical settings. This review article explores the recent progress in CSVD neuroimaging feature quantification and provides an overview of the clinical consequences of these CSVD features as well as the possibilities of using these features as endpoints in clinical trials. The added value of CSVD neuroimaging quantification is also discussed for researches focused on the mechanism of CSVD and the prognosis in subjects with CSVD.
Light therapy: a new option for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Liu Yu-Lu , Gong Si-Yi , Xia Shu-Ting , Wang Ya-Li , Peng Hao , Shen Yun , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disease (ND), recent research efforts have intensified the search for curative treatments. Despite significant research, however, existing therapeutic options for ND can only slow down the progression of the disease, but not provide a cure. Light therapy (LT) has been used to treat some mental and sleep disorders. This review illustrates recent studies of the use of LT in patients with ND and highlights its potential for clinical applications. The literature was collected from PubMed through June 2020. Selected studies were primarily English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and Chinese main text. Articles were not limited by type. Additional potential publications were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors’ reference libraries. The identified literature suggests that LT is a safe and convenient physical method of treatment. It may alleviate sleep disorders, depression, cognitive function, and other clinical symptoms. However, some studies have reported limited or no effects. Therefore, LT represents an attractive therapeutic approach for further investigation in ND. LT is an effective physical form of therapy and a new direction for research into treatments for ND. However, it requires further animal experiments to elucidate mechanisms of action and large, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trials to explore true efficacy in patients with ND.
Fatigue correlates with sleep disturbances in Parkinson disease
Authors: Cao Xiang-Yang , Zhang Jin-Ru , Shen Yun , Mao Cheng-Jie , Shen Yu-Bing , Cao Yu-Lan , Gu Han-Ying , Wang Fen , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Many Parkinson disease (PD) patients complain about chronic fatigue and sleep disturbances during the night. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between fatigue and sleep disturbances by using polysomnography (PSG) in PD patients.

Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-two PD patients (152 with mild fatigue and 80 with severe fatigue) were recruited in this study. Demographic information and clinical symptoms were collected. Fatigue severity scale (FSS) was applied to evaluate the severity of fatigue, and PSG was conducted in all PD patients. FSS ≥4 was defined as severe fatigue, and FSS <4 was defined as mild fatigue. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between fatigue and sleep disturbances.

Results:
Patients with severe fatigue tended to have a longer duration of disease, higher Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale score, more advanced Hoehn and Yahr stage, higher daily levodopa equivalent dose, worse depression, anxiety, and higher daytime sleepiness score. In addition, they had lower percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P = 0.009) and were more likely to have REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (P = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that the presence of RBD and proportion of REM sleep were the independent predictors for fatigue. After the adjustment of age, sex, duration, body mass index, severity of disease, scores of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and other sleep disorders, proportion of REM sleep and degree of REM sleep without atonia in patients with PD were still associated with FSS score.

Conclusion:
Considering the association between fatigue, RBD, and the altered sleep architecture, fatigue is a special subtype in PD and more studies should be focused on this debilitating symptom.
Clinical Implications for Cardiovascular Compromise in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia, Cardiac Pacing Abnormality, and Orthostatic Hypotension in Contemporary Physical Therapy Management
Authors: Stam Daniel , Pernu Jenna 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Although recent advances in the neurological care of spinal cord injury have made great strides, cardiovascular disease has emerged as a leading contributor to mortality within this population. Achieving a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of acute cardiovascular dysfunction may aid the physical therapist in establishing more effective clinical care and decision making. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology of acute cardiovascular dysfunction after cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (injuries above the T6 vertebrae) and translate this knowledge to the clinical management of a medically complex patient case.

Methods:
A 62-year-old man sustained a traumatic sensory and motor complete T2 spinal cord injury. During the course of acute hospitalization, the patient suffered multiple episodes of cardiac arrest, and a permanent pacemaker was implanted. Inpatient rehabilitation was further complicated by orthostatic hypotension and emergence of autonomic dysreflexia.

Results:
Orthostatic hypotension was addressed with a combination of positional tolerance progression and patient education. Autonomic dysreflexia episodes required prompt recognition and appropriate response. After a 6-month hospitalization, the patient was discharged to home.

Conclusion:
Cardiovascular concerns after spinal cord injury have become increasingly prevalent leading to significant implications to physical therapists. Understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions as well as normal and abnormal cardiovascular responses to activity is crucial for establishing safe patient outcomes.
Overlapping Effects of miR-21 Inhibition and Drugs for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Rationale for Repurposing Nintedanib as a Novel Treatment for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Egea Oriol I. , Emdin Michele , Bayes-Genis Antoni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
A specific anti-miR-21 has emerged as an effective treatment for ischemia/reperfusion injury in a pig model of myocardial infarction (MI), but the perspectives for clinical translation are limited. Anti-miR-21 blunts profibrotic pathways, whose excessive activation is detrimental in the post-MI setting. Repurposing antifibrotic drugs approved for other indications is a possible strategy. We compared the molecular effects of anti-miR-21 and the 2 drugs approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (nintedanib and pirfenidone) through a bioinformatic approach. We report that nintedanib and anti-miR-21 share many targets, including the proto-oncogene Rous sarcoma oncogene cellular homolog. Conversely, pirfenidone and anti-miR-21 do not have common mechanisms of action. In summary, the molecular mechanisms activated by nintedanib are partially overlapping with those elicited by anti-miR-21. Nintedanib could be evaluated in animal studies or clinical trials on MI.
Mitral valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease: replace, repair, retrain?
Authors: Vervoort Dominique , Ouzounian Maral , Yanagawa Bobby 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) affects over 30 million people worldwide. Substantial variation exists in the surgical treatment of patients with RHD. Here, we aim to review the surgical techniques to treat RHD with a focus on rheumatic mitral valve (MV) repair. We introduce novel educational paradigms to embrace repair-oriented techniques in cardiac centers.

Recent findings
Due to the low prevalence of RHD in high-income countries, limited expertise in MV surgery for RHD, technical complexity of MV repair for RHD and concerns about durability, most surgeons elect for MV replacement. However, in some series, MV repair is associated with improved outcomes, fewer reinterventions, and avoidance of anticoagulation-related complications. In low- and middle-income countries, the RHD burden is large and MV repair is more commonly performed due to high rates of loss-to-follow-up and barriers associated with anticoagulation, international normalized ratio monitoring, and risk of reintervention.

Summary
Increased consideration for MV repair in the setting of RHD may be warranted, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We suggest some avenues for increased exposure and training in rheumatic valve surgery through international bilateral partnership models in endemic regions, visiting surgeons from endemic regions, simulation training, and courses by professional societies.
COVID-19 Pandemic Leading to the Accelerated Development of a Virtual Health Model for Isotretinoin
Authors: Kane Sierra , Admani Shehla 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Isotretinoin is a highly efficacious medication for the treatment of acne vulgaris; however, its prescription is subject to the strict requirements of the iPLEDGE restricted distribution program. These requirements have placed significant financial, time, and logistical burdens on patients taking the medication. The stay-at-home ordinances enacted by many states during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic have accelerated previous trends toward utilization of telehealth and decreased laboratory monitoring in the care of patients on isotretinoin. Recent changes to the iPLEDGE program allowing use of at-home pregnancy tests to meet monthly pregnancy test requirements during the pandemic have increased availability of testing options for patients of child-bearing potential on isotretinoin. The change to use of at-home pregnancy test monitoring as well as long-term trends toward increasing access to isotretinoin through the use of telehealth are discussed.
Advancements and critical steps for statistical analyses in blood pressure response to resistance training in hypertensive older women: a methodological approach
Authors: da Cunha Nascimento Dahan , Neto Ivo Vieira de Sousa , Saraiva Bruno , Lima Adamor da Silva , Navalta James Wilfred , Pereira Guilherme Borges , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Rodrigues Beal Fabiani Lage , Prestes Jonato 
Published: December 2020

Background
Repeated measures analysis of covariance and three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures are common statistical methods. For a valid interpretation of blood pressure (BP) response to exercise, a variety of additional statistical methods must be implemented. Four additional statistical methods are presented: technical error of measurement (SEM), smallest real difference (SRD), magnitude-based inference and mixed effect modeling technique (MEM). The aim of this perspective article is to demonstrate how to apply already known statistical analyses regarding BP responsiveness in order to improve interpretation and achieve higher reliability for future studies in exercise science.

Methods
A total of 27 hypertensive older women (aged 68.37 ± 5.55 years) participated in the present study. A whole-body resistance training (RT) program was performed on two nonconsecutive days per week for 10 weeks. BP was monitored during the 10-week RT intervention and after 15 weeks of detraining. First, individuals were classified as high and low responders, then statistical methods to analyze data included the use of SEM, SRD, magnitude-based inference and MEM.

Results
When magnitude-based inference was used to classify responsiveness, most participants displayed a trivial response. Decrements in SBP between 1 and 10 mmHg were not clinically meaningful but fell within the measurement error of the SBP measurements. Baseline SBP and time of training predicted post-SBP response.

Conclusion
Changes over time and declines in SBP might not be a SRD and fell in the SEM. Moreover, SBP responsiveness was the result of inappropriate control of covariates such as period of training.
Clinical and health status outcomes among patients treated with single as compared to multivessel angioplasty during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: a report from the OPEN CTO registry
Authors: Riley Robert F. , Sapontis James , Karmpaliotis Dimiti , Nicholson William J. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Gosch Kensey , Lombardi William L. , Salisbury Adam C. , McCabe James M. , Grantham J. Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Background
Patients with coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) often have multivessel coronary artery disease. We utilized the OPEN CTO study to evaluate patients who underwent single-vessel versus multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during CTO PCI.

Methods
Patients were considered to have undergone single-vessel CTO PCI if they underwent target-vessel only CTO PCI. Patients who underwent multivessel PCI during their index CTO PCI procedure were considered to have undergone multivessel PCI. The additional lesions treated in the multivessel group could be either a separate CTO lesion in a separate epicardial vessel or PCI attempt of any non-CTO stenosis during the same index procedure. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate predictors of technical success, in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and health status measures.

Results
Eighty hundred twenty-one patients underwent single-vessel CTO PCI and 179 (17.9%) underwent multivessel PCI during their CTO PCI procedure. Baseline comorbidities, index CTO lesion complexity, and successful crossing strategies used were similar between the two groups. Total procedural time (142.6 versus 115.9 minutes, P < 0.01) and contrast administered (293.8 versus 255.0 ml, P < 0.01) were increased in the multivessel CTO PCI group. Single-vessel versus multivessel PCI during these cases did not affect the likelihood of achieving technical success [odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.75] nor the risk for MACCE (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.72–2.11). Quality of life (QOL) metrics were similar between the two groups at baseline and 30-day follow-up.

Conclusion
There were no significant differences in technical success, in-hospital MACCE rates, or QOL metrics at 30-day follow-up for patients who underwent single-vessel versus multivessel PCI during CTO PCI.