bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refleksi Pada Relasi Antara Teologi dan Filsafat Dalam Perspektif Teologi Injili
Authors: Putrawan Bobby Kurnia , Sugianto Edi , Kadang Yan Kristianus 
Published: August 2020

The pros and cons of philosophy and theology have a reputation in the history of Chris-tianity. The importance of understanding philosophy and its importance can be explained correctly. Re-flections on the relationship between philosophy and theology will help Christians sharpen and develop their theology, especially evangelical theology. Therefore, philosophy and theology need to be har-moniously correlated in knowing God through His truth, by always thinking of God and advancing God's word through the perspective of evangelical theology. Philosophy and theology are mutually reinforcing and sharpening. Meanwhile, the relationships offered are mutually constructive in their task as a means of knowing God and also to build insight into the evangelical Christian world. Relasi pro dan kontra mengenai filsafat dan teologi telah tergores di dalam sejarah ke-kristenan. Pentingnya memahami filsafat dan teologi sangatlah penting, sehingga dapat merelasikan ke-duanya secara tepat. Refleksi terhadap relasi antara filsafat dan teologi akan membantu orang Kristen untuk menajamkan dan mengembangkan teologinya, khusus teologi injili. Oleh sebab itu, filsafat dan teologi perlu direlasikan secara harmonis di dalam mengenal Allah melalui kebenaran-Nya, dengan senantiasa bersikap takut akan Allah dan menghargai firman Allah melalui perspektif teologi injili. Keilmuan filsafat dan teologi saling menguatkan dan menajamkan. Adapun relasi yang dimaksud ialah keduanya digunakan saling membangun dalam tugasnya sebagai sarana pengenalan akan Allah serta sebagai kerangka untuk membangun wawasan dunia Kristen yang injili.
Implikasi Pembinaan Pemuda Gereja Atas Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kasus Hamil di Luar Nikah
Authors: Sitorus Theresia Tiodora 
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the implications of fostering church youth on the factors that cause cases of pregnancy out of wedlock. The author uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, and interviews, then in compiling the implications of the author using relevant library sources. The results showed that the factors causing cases of pregnancy out of wedlock are the lack of attention and supervision of parents, then the free association of youth, lack of self-fortification, lack of sexual knowledge, and technological developments that facilitate access to negative sexual information. The implication for church youth coaching is that holistic coaching is needed for both youth and parents. Coaching can be done by organizing groups to grow together, Christian faith seminars, personal care and making catechism curriculum on sexuality. Artikel ini membahas tentang implikasi pembinaan pemuda gereja atas faktor-faktor penyebab kasus hamil di luar nikah. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, dan wawancara, kemudian dalam menyusun implikasi penulis menggunakan sumber-sumber pustaka relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kasus hamil di luar nikah adalah kurangnya perhatian dan pengawasan orang tua, kemudian pergaulan bebas pemuda, kurangnya pembentengan diri, minimnya pengetahuan seksual, dan perkembangan teknologi yang memudahkan akses informasi negatif seksual. Implikasi bagi pembinaan pemuda gereja adalah perlu dilaksanakan pembinaan yang holistik baik pada pemuda maupun orangtua. Pembinaan dapat dilaksanakan dengan menyelenggarakan kelompok tumbuh bersama, seminar iman Kristen, personal care dan pembuatan kurikulum katekisasi tentang seksualitas.
Tugas Pedagogis Gembala Dalam Menyiapkan Warga Gereja Menghadapi Perubahan Sosial
Authors: J.F. Sagala Lenda Dabora 
Published: August 2020

Social change is an inevitable conversation. Everyone needs to be prepared for social change. Likewise for church members, they need to be prepared for social change and there must be a pastoral pedagogical task in preparing church people for social change. The author conducts research by analyzing literature analysis to examine the issue. To prepare church members for social change, a pastor needs to conduct coaching that emphasizes Christian beliefs, so that these beliefs can be demonstrated in daily life. Then the second pedagogical task is the value of trust in church members. Human needs in the era of society 5.0 are strengthening the value of consideration and understanding in this context based on Christian principles. Gospel communication can fade because of the challenges of the times, but opposes social change in the era of the 5.0 shepherd community in support of providing guidance that leads to gospel communication. Church members need to be equipped to be able to communicate the gospel in the midst of a Christian perspective. Perubahan sosial adalah sebuah situasi yang tidak bisa dihindari. Setiap orang perlu dipersiapkan dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial. Demikian pula bagi warga gereja, mereka perlu dipersiapkan untuk menghadapi perubahan sosial dan tentunya ada tugas pedagogis gembala dalam menyiapkan warga gereja untuk meghadapi perubahan sosial. Penulis melakukan penelitian dengan pendekatan analisis literatur untuk mengkaji isu tersebut. Untuk mempersiapkan warga gereja menghadapi perubahan sosial seorang gembala perlu melakukan pembinaan yang menekankan pada penguatan keyakinan iman Kristen, sehingga keyakinan tersebut dapat didemonstrasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kemudian tugas pedagogis kedua adalah memperkuat nilai kemanusiaan pada warga gereja. Kebutuhan manusia di era masyarakat 5.0 adalah penguatan nilai kemanusiaan dan tentunya dalam konteks ini berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip kekristenan. Komunikasi injil dapat memudar karena tantangan zaman, tetapi menghadapi perubahan sosial di era masyarakat 5.0 gembala berperan untuk memberikan pembinaan yang mengarah pada komunikasi Injil. Warga gereja perlu diperlengkapi untuk dapat mengomunikasikan Injil di tengah perubahan cara pandang tentang kekristenan.
Perempuan: Sumber Dosa atau Sumber Hikmat? Tafsir Ulang Kejadian 3:1-24 dari Perspektif Feminis
Authors: Natar Asnath Niwa 
Published: August 2020

There is an understanding that women and their bodies are the source of sin that must be shunned in our society. It is also evident in Christianity, where themes about women's bodies and their sexuality are also often associated with sin, transgression and punishment. This understanding is rooted in the story of Eve eating fruit in the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3:1-24) which is seen as a story of the "fall" of humans because of women's sin. In other words, women are seen as the cause of humans falling into sin. Of course, this understanding has a negative impact on women dignity. Women then experience discrimination almost in all fields. Their body and sexuality are also controlled by men. In this regard, a re-reading of the text of Genesis 3:1-24 is needed to free women from such kind of understanding. The author interprets the text of Genesis 3:1-24 from a feminist perspective using literature research methods. The result of this interpretation is that women are not the source of sin but rather the source of wisdom. Through the results of this interpretation is expected to change the way of thinking of society to respect women and their bodies better. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat terdapat pemahaman bahwa perempuan dan tubuhnya adalah sumber dosa yang harus dijauhi. Hal ini tampak dalam kekristenan di mana tema tentang tubuh perempuan dan seksualitasnya juga sering dihubungkan dengan dosa, pelanggaran dan hukuman. Pemahaman ini berakar dari kisah Hawa makan buah di taman Eden (Kej. 3:1-24) yang dipandang sebagai cerita “kejatuhan” manusia karena dosa perempuan. Dengan kata lain, perempuan dipandang sebagai penyebab manusia jatuh ke dalam dosa. Pemahaman ini menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap perempuan secara keseluruhan. Perempuan mengalami diskriminasi hampir dalam segala bidang. Tubuh dan seksualitas mereka juga dikontrol oleh laki-laki. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, perlu dilakukan pembacaan ulang terhadap Kejadian 3:1-24 untuk membebaskan kaum perempuan. Penulis menafsirkan Kejadian 3:1-24 dari perspektif feminis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian literatur. Hasil dari penafsiran ini adalah bahwa perempuan bukan sumber dosa melainkan adalah sumber hikmat. Melalui hasil tafsiran ini diharapkan dapat mengubah cara berpikir masyarakat untuk lebih menghargai perempuan dan tubuhnya.
Wars of Historical Memory (to the Statement of the Problem)
Authors: Tkachenko V. , Yakuba V. 
Published: August 2020

The article is a study of historical memory wars. In particular, the director of the Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies of the School of International Relations named after Elliott, George Washington University (Washington) Marlene Larwell most convexly and provocatively outlined the front of the wars of historical memory: “By identifying who can be labeled a ‘fascist’, we get the perfect Europe”. If Russia is fascist(that is, Putin’s regime can be typified as fascist or the Soviet past, which the Kremlin does not want to condemn, is equivalent to Nazism, as Central and Eastern European states claim), then Russia should be excluded from Europe. In addition, it was analyzed that politics continues to interfere with the interpretation of history, sowing antagonism between peoples. It has been found that “wars of historical memory” have become one of the important components of modern geopolitics, and as such they deserve to be the subject of a separate scientific study. Today, this is especially true to those pressing issues of history that flared up on the eve of the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the problem has matured before, and now has simply entered the phase of “wars of historical memory”, there were anniversary events in Moscow in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory five years ago (2015). After Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, these celebrations took place without the presence of Western leaders. This was perceived by the Kremlin (or portrayed by him) as an insult and denial of the great victims of World War II – because they often write about the 27 million “Russians”who laid their lives on the altar of Victory. At the same time, the multinational composition of the Red Army is somehow not specified. And this approach does not improve mutual understanding between peoples. The article concludes that history, unfortunately, has become a political tool through which to legitimize or delegitimize a particular socio-political system.
Australian Policy Regarding the Indigenous Population (End of the XIXth Century – the First Third of the XXth Century)
Authors: Perga T. 
Published: August 2020

An analysis of Australia’s governmental policy towards indigenous peoples has been done. The negative consequences of the colonization of the Australian continent have been revealed, in particular, a significant reduction in the number of aborigines due to the spread of alcohol and epidemics, the seizure of their territories. It is concluded that the colonization of Australia was based on the idea of the hierarchy of human society, the superiority and inferiority of different races and groups of people, and accordingly - the supremacy of European culture and civilization. It is demonstrated in the creation of reservations for aborigines and the adoption of legislation aimed at segregating the country's white and colored populations and assimilating certain indigenous peoples into European society, primarily children from mixed marriages. It has been proven that, considering the aborigines an endangered people and seeking to protect them from themselves, Europeans saw the way to their salvation in miscegenation - interracial marriages and the isolation of aboriginal children from their parents. This policy has been pursued since the end of the XIX century by the 1970s and had disrupted cultural and family ties and destroyed aboriginal communities, although government circles positioned it as a policy of caring for indigenous Australians. As a result, the generation of aborigines taken from their parents and raised in boarding schools or families of white Europeans has been dubbed the “lost generation”. The activity of A.O. Neville who for more than two decades held the position of chief defender of the aborigines in Western Australia and in fact became the ideologist of the aborigines’ assimilation policy has been analyzed. He substantiated the idea of the biological absorption of the indigenous Australian race as a key condition for its preservation and extremely harshly implemented the policy of separating Aboriginal children from their parents. It is concluded that the policy towards the indigenous population of Australia in the late XIX – first third of the XX century was based on the principle of discrimination on racial grounds.
THE IMPACT OF CONFUCIAN VALUES ON CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE PERIOD OF “REFORMS AND OPENNESS”
Authors: Meteliova Tetyana , Chghen Vira 
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the role of the Confucian component in shaping China’s foreign policy during the period of “reforms and openness”. The author analyzes the Chinese “soft power” model and its differences from the classical one, the theoretical foundations of which were formulated by J. Nye, and discovers the China’s “soft power” features in foreign policy and establishes its meaningful connection with Confucian values and concepts. The article provides an overview of “soft power” interpretations in the main works of Chinese scholars, examines the reflection of Confucian “soft power” ideas in the state and party documents and decisions of the period of “reforms and openness”, shows the application of Confucian principles in the foreign policy of China.
It is shown that the creation of effective Chinese “soft power” tools is becoming a part of a purposeful and long-term policy of the state. Such tools include the swift reform of leading media, TV and radio companies using modern technologies and focusing on foreign audience abroad, promoting China’s traditional and modern culture in foreign cultural markets, increasing China’s presence on the world market, spreading and promoting the Chinese language, “Education Export” and widening educational contacts, economic ties development and scientific and technical cooperation, public diplomacy development, support of the compatriots living abroad. Geopolitically, China’s soft power strategy is focused on developing relations with its close neighbors and creating a security belt around China.
It has been proved that modern China seeks to proclaim itself as a new “soft power” center, the creation of which is a part of the State purposeful long-term policy. It is accompanied by the active appeal of Chinese ideologists to the country's traditional cultural heritage and basing of this new foreign policy on the conservative values of Confucianism, which is a kind of civilizational code determining all aspects of social life for China.
THE DANGER OF CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA IN THE NEW COLD WAR
Authors: Fesenko Mykola 
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the risks to global security in the face of confrontation, as well as the struggle for world leadership in the United States and China. It is shown that the confrontation and deepening of contradictions between the United States and the People’s Republic of China can lead to a nuclear war. However, many researchers also believe that the image of the Chinese threat is now heavily exaggerated and based on the misunderstanding of China’s intentions. In general, expert and analytical centers are encouraged to start technological cooperation with China, rather than exacerbate confrontation. Therefore, on this day there is no clear answer to the question of whether the PRC really threatens US leadership in the framework of the emerging world order. On the contrary, among scholars, politicians and experts one can see the split that is growing in relation to this problem. Despite the opposite view on the ambitions of the People’s Republic of China to represent serious US competition in all areas, rivalry between countries of the so-called “Group Two” (“G-2”) in the coming years will intensify and more and more to put global security policy tasks.
China will be able to pursue a more independent policy than the United States only if it bypasses them in the areas of armaments and high technology. However, it is here that American leadership will remain undisputed for a long time to come. However, many analysts predict China’s world leadership in the next decade or decades, as it may soon surpass the United States in economic terms. However, being the greatest does not mean being the first one. In addition to being the world’s second largest economy, China is still a long way from taking the lead or competing in other areas (military-strategic, technological, social, etc.).
It has been proved that the optimal choice for China will not be the desire to forcibly introduce its regional, not to mention global, unipolarity, but to actively enter the multipolar world as a major independent center of power.
The new Cold War and its Influence on the Formation of Ukrainian Foreign Policy Priorities
Authors: Demenko O. 
Published: August 2020

The article explores the state and development trends of modern international relations. It is noted that modern scientific thought has not yet developed unified approaches to characterizing the current stage in the development of international relations. At the same time, many scientists and political analysts assess the current state of international relations as a new “cold war”. In support of this position, they point out that in recent years a whole network of clashes, wars and contradictions has developed around the world, at the center of which were disagreements of the same nature as during the years of the first Cold War. At the same time, there is an opinion that the current relations between the West and the Russian Federation cannot be characterized as a new “cold war”. The status of Russia today cannot be compared with the status of the USSR, China is much stronger than the Russian Federation, and the United States remains the dominant force in the world.
It is noted that, although the current conflict in many respects differs from the first Cold War, there are a number of general signs that suggest the similarity of modern international relations with the conflict of the previous historical period. The tools that participants in the conflict can use have changed, the role of ideology has decreased, and, on the contrary, the importance of the economy, technologies and the information sphere has increased, nuclear weapons have a different influence and geography, and the processes of globalization significantly affect the dynamics of international relations. But in a sense, the current conflict can be called a continuation of the first Cold War.
Ukraine, along with some other post-Soviet countries, has become an arena of confrontation between the collective West and the Russian Federation in the context of the new Cold War. Based on this, the main priority of Ukraine’s foreign policy should be the effective implementation of the European and Euro-Atlantic integration strategy. Joining the Euro-Atlantic security system and approaching Western standards of democracy, law and socio-economic development will be the main guarantee of independence and further progressive development of the Ukrainian state.
General Patterns and National Features of the Identity Formation in the Post-Soviet Space: the Experience of Moldova
Authors: Dobrovolskaya A. 
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the processes of searching for the national identity of the Republic of Moldova during the post-communist transit. The conditions in which the reforms took place in the country and the factors that influenced the directions and priorities of the development of Moldavian society are analyzed. It is shown that the processes of the formation of a political nation in the Republic proceeded in an environment of socio-political crises and conflicts, fluctuations in domestic and foreign policy and had a non-linear wave-like character. The search for national identity in Moldova was accompanied by the emergence of ideological, political and value splits in the political elite and among the masses of Moldavian society, which intensified and softened with a certain frequency. It is stated that the Republic of Moldova is practically the only country in Europe where identification differences were a determining factor in the polarization of political forces, and identity conflicts became a significant factor in political mobilization. It is noted that the incompleteness of the process of national self-identification in Moldova is largely determined by external factors, as a result of which the state acts as an object of influence of more significant subjects of international politics. It is concluded that although the political system of the Republic of Moldova supports the existence of democratic trends, the achievement of value consensus through the creation of a broad dialogue in the public space and general civil discourse remains an urgent task for the national elites.
The experience of the political transit of the Republic of Moldova has confirmed the fact that during the formation of political nations there are frequent cases when the confrontation of symbols, meanings and historical dates does not occur between different states, but takes place within society itself. Moldova has become a classic example of an identification split that divides the country into East and West, North and South, whose residents appeal to different versions of national history.
Matéria escura, energia escura e a busca por uma nova teoria para a gravitação
Authors: Velten Hermano 
Published: August 2020

Vamos discutir como a teoria da relatividade geral (RG) de Einstein nos conduz aos conceitos de matéria escura e energia escura que, juntas, devem compor cerca de 95% do universo. O desconhecimento da natureza destas componentes escuras nos leva a um delicado questionamento: Será que a RG é correta? Existiriam outras teorias para a gravitação?