bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credit and Punishment: Are Corporate Bankers Disciplined for Risk-Taking?
Authors: Gao Janet , Kleiner Kristoph , Pacelli Joseph 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We examine whether bankers face disciplining consequences for structuring poorly performing corporate loans. We construct a novel data set containing the employment histories and loan portfolios of a large sample of corporate bankers and find that corporate credit events (i.e., downgrades, defaults, bankruptcies) increase banker turnover. The effect is pronounced when bankers issue loans with loose terms or experience severe losses. Credit events prompt bankers to adopt stricter future risk management practices, such as offering restrictive covenant packages. Overall, our findings are consistent with banks disciplining employees as a means to manage their own risk exposure.
Coevolution does not slow the rate of loss of heterozygosity in a stochastic host-parasite model with constant population size
Authors: MacPherson Ailene , Keeling Matthew J. , Otto Sarah P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoevolutionary negative frequency dependent selection has been hypothesized to maintain genetic variation in host and parasites. Despite the extensive literature pertaining to host-parasite coevolution, the effect of matching-alleles (MAM) coevolution on the maintenance of genetic variation has not been explicitly modelled in a finite population. The dynamics of the MAM in an infinite population, in fact, suggests that genetic variation in these coevolving populations behaves neutrally. We find that while this is largely true in finite populations two additional phenomena arise. The first of these effects is that of coevolutionary natural selection on stochastic perturbations in host and pathogen allele frequencies. While this may increase or decrease genetic variation, depending on the parameter conditions, the net effect is small relative to that of the second phenomena. Following fixation in the pathogen, the MAM becomes one of directional selection, which in turn rapidly erodes genetic variation in the host. Hence, rather than maintain it, we find that, on average, matching-alleles coevolution depletes genetic variation.
Prioritizing the forgotten generation: why organizations should make boomers a key part of their talent acquisition strategy in 2020
Authors: Squyres Debra 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Every day, nearly 10,000 employees in the Baby Boomer generation retire from the US job market. However, many in this generation are not ready for a quiet, traditional retirement and are choosing to remain in the workforce – simply on their own terms. With more employment opportunities open to candidates in the US job market than almost ever before, employers should prioritize engaging these seasoned hires in their recruitment strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Beamery’s Vice President of Customer Success Debra Squyres reviewed the most important reasons employers should not disregard the “forgotten generation” of candidates in their hiring strategies, especially when considering the diverse skills and roles Baby Boomers can bring to an enterprising workforce.

Findings
Among other job-specific skills and experience, the greatest benefits of recruiting new hires from the Baby Boomer generation are the candidates’ years of experience and likely leadership roles, propensity for in-person relationship-building and unique perspective in an ever-diverse workforce.

Originality/value
Highlighting the greatest benefits of Baby Boomer hires to employers is especially beneficial for those organizational leaders managing talent acquisition and retention.
Dog overpopulation on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos 2018
Authors: Hernandez Jorge A. , Yoak Andrew J. , Walden Heather S. , Thompson Nina , Zuniga Daniela , Criollo Rita , Duque Viviana , Cruz Marilyn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn addition to El Niño events, which can alter the pelagic food chain that supports growth and survival of sea lions, dog overpopulation, and diseases can cause further population declines in sea lions on the Galapagos. Knowledge of baseline data and evaluation of existing strategies to control dog reproduction are required for effective management of dog overpopulation on the archipelago. The main objective of the study reported here was to estimate the human: dog ratio on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos in September 2018. In addition, dog demographic data were used to model the expected annual dog population growth in the next 3 years. The observed human: dog ratio was 756:187 (or 4.04:1) which extrapolates to 3,886 dogs; an increase of 55% in the dog population on Santa Cruz Island from 2014 to 2018. Study results show that current spay‐neuter efforts (about 180 dogs per year in the last 5 years; 57% females, 43% males) are not enough to keep the dog population stable (i.e., current baseline of 3,886 dogs in 2018). Our results justify a revision of current management action plan to control dog reproduction on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.
Investigations on adaptive connectivity and shape prior based fuzzy graph‐cut colour image segmentation
Authors: Celestine Adonu , Peter J Dinesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImage segmentation is a challenging problem in computer vision with wide application. It is a process which considers the similarity criterion required to separate an image into different homogenous connected regions. First, an Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Modified Graph Cut Segmentation method has been applied to handle the structural irregularities in images. Second, an Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Modified Fuzzy Graph Cut Segmentation (Opac‐MFGseg) is proposed to partition the images based on feature values. In this method, a fuzzy rule based system is used with optimization algorithm to provide the information on how much a specific feature is involved in image boundaries. The graph obtained from this fuzzy approach is further used in adaptive shape prior in modified graph cuts framework. Moreover, this method supports moving images (videos). In such a situation, a fully dynamic method called Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Dynamic Fuzzy Graph Cut Segmentation (Opac‐DFGseg) method is proposed for the image segmentation. The effectiveness of the Opac‐MFGseg and Opac‐DFGseg methods is tested in terms of average sensitivity, precision, area overlap measure, relative error, and accuracy and computation time.
Improved Parameter Resolution with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation of Different Aquifer Tests
Authors: Perina Tomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydraulic testing for aquifer characterization at contaminated sites often includes tests of short duration and of different types, such as slug tests and pumping tests, conducted at different phases of investigation. Tests conducted on a well cluster installed in a single aquifer can be combined in aggregate inverse analysis using an analytical model for groundwater flow near a test well. A genetic algorithm performs parallel search of the parameter space and provides starting parameter values for a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the parameter distribution. This sequence of inverse methods avoids guessing of the initial parameter vector and the often encountered difficult convergence of gradient‐based methods and estimates the parameter covariance matrix from a distribution rather than from a single point in the parameter space. Combination of different tests improves the resolution of the estimated aquifer properties and allows an assessment of the uniformity of the aquifer. Estimated parameter correlations and standard deviations are used as relative metrics to distinguish well resolved and poorly resolved parameters. The methodology is demonstrated on example field tests in unconfined and leaky aquifers.
THE USE OF GAME ELEMENTS IN THE STUDY OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
Authors: Savaryn T. V. , Prokop I. A. 
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the possibility of using game elements in the study of medical terminology in Latin and English. Different types of games-exercises are illustrated in the examples. Such requirements for the exercises as novelty, culturological and professional orientation, and providing students in the process of doing exercises-games with necessary non-verbal basis are taken into account.
It is stressed that practical classes with the use of game technologies and elements of problem-based learning develop and improve students’ skills of independent work, ability of critical thinking and acting in creative and constructive way, of fulfilling tasks given by the teacher, as well as of making adequate individual and collective decisions, and of comprehending the outcomes. A game is supposed to contribute to consolidation of a particular subject, to give examples for illustrating theoretical material visually, and to model some training situations.
It is noted that interactive methods in teaching professional terminology are the most effective for perfecting students’ skills and abilities, since they perform the following tasks: 1) development of an interest for medicine on the whole and for the future professional activity particularly; 2) increase in the level of understanding and mastering English and Latin; 3) formation of professional competences a future doctor should possess; 4) development of self-dependence – ability to find methods and ways of solving tasks without assistance; 5) ability to hear an opinion of a crewmate, to be loyal and tolerant of someone else’s viewpoint.
It is emphasized that practical classes with the use of game elements contribute to future doctors’ training activation and effectiveness, alongside with realizing natural aspirations for communication, mutual assistance, and cooperation.
Trend of declining bed net utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopia: new data from the Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System, 2010–2016
Authors: Gultie Teklemariam , Ayele Gistane , Tariku Befikadu , Kondale Mekdes , Zerdo Zerihun , Merdekiyos Behailu , Tsalla Tsegaye , Kote Mesfin , Bekele Alemayehu , Shigaz Mulugeta , Gebremichael Gebrekiros , Gebremeskel Feleke , Baharu Alazar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Bed net utilization is one of the important methods of malaria prevention. Malaria during pregnancy is one of the fatal diseases which mostly leads to the death of the mother and the fetus. Some of the complications of malaria during pregnancy are: intrauterine growth restrictions, intrauterine fetal death, and stillbirth. The main challenge of malaria treatment is that most of the anti-malarial drugs are not safe to use during pregnancy. The use of bed net is the most effective method of prevention of malaria during pregnancy. There is a paucity of information on bed net utilization among pregnant women in the study setting. Hence, this study aims to assess the trends of bed net utilization among pregnant women in Arba Minch Health and Demography Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
The study was conducted in the Arba Minch HDSS. The observation started in 2010 till 2016, using a repeated cross-sectional study design. The data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire biannually with a total of 14 rounds of data collection from 2010 to 2016. A total of 2657 pregnant women were included in the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportion were used to present the findings of each variable.

Results
Out of 2657 mothers included in the study, more than half, 1521 (63.6%), of the study participants were in the age group between 20 and 29 years. About one-third of the study population 793 (29.8) were having no schooling. The trend of bed net utilization decreased from 83.6% in 2010 to 36.5% in 2016.

Conclusion
The trends of bed net utilization decreased from 2010 to 2016 in Arba Minch HDSS. Utilization of bed net by pregnant women in the area need to be increased as it is malaria endemic. The government should strengthen the existing bed net distribution strategy. Further research is needed to investigate the cause of decreasing bed net utilization.
Perspectives about the baby friendly hospital/health initiative in Australia: an online survey
Authors: Esbati Anahita , Taylor Jane , Henderson Amanda , Barnes Margaret , Kearney Lauren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence supports the health and economic benefits of breastfeeding, and the positive impact of the Baby Friendly Health Initiative (BFHI) on increasing breastfeeding rates and improving breastfeeding outcomes. The BFHI is a World Health Organization and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund initiative to promote, support and maintain breastfeeding. The BFHI was updated in 2018 and includes the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (the Ten Steps 2018) and the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the WHO Code). Despite policy and guideline support for breastfeeding and the BFHI, there are currently only 70 accredited hospitals, healthcare centres and regional clusters in Australia, accounting for 23% of maternity facilities. This research aimed to explore health professionals and other stakeholders’ perspectives on the uptake and implementation of the BFHI in Australia from an organisational change perspective.

Methods
An online survey administered via relevant Australian-based professional associations was fully or partially completed by 332 participants who support mothers and newborns in their roles. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data.

Results
The majority of participants supported legislating the WHO Code, closely monitoring BFHI compliance, ensuring sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding and the BFHI among staff, improving care within maternity facilities, continuous support of mothers’ post-discharge, and improving social media support of breastfeeding. It was also perceived that an interdisciplinary team approach and multidisciplinary involvement were important requirements for successfully implementing the BFHI. There was no consensus among participants that Australian health policies support breastfeeding and the implementation of the BFHI.

Conclusions
This study emphasised the significance of legislation around the Code, executive and leadership support and culture, and providing adequate resources concerning uptake and implementation of the BFHI. Considering that uptake of the BFHI has been limited and no formal government support has been provided to further develop the BFHI and support the Code in Australia, findings of this research may help with potential future actions to facilitate the BFHI uptake and Code implementation.
Karakteristik Sedimentologi dan Geokimia Endapan Tsunami di Teluk Busong, Pulau Simeulue
Authors: Kusumastuti Yani , Marin Jenian , Putra Purna Sulastya , Nugroho Septriono Hari 
Published: April 2020

Sejarah tsunami modern di Pulau Simeulue tercatat telah terjadi tahun 1861, 1907, 2004 dan 2005. Teluk Busong yang terletak di pesisir barat Pulau Simeulue menjadi salah satu wilayah terdampak. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui karakteristik endapan tsunami tersebut di Teluk Busong. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis granulometri, paleontologi, analisis loss on ignition, geokimia XRF, dan FTIR pada sampel inti sedimen. Endapan tsunami pada daerah penelitian memiliki sortasi buruk dengan ukuran butir pasir sedang – kasar yang terdistribusi bimodal. Analisis LOI menunjukkan bahwa endapan tsunami memiliki kandungan material organik dan karbonat yang tinggi, menunjukkan pengaruh darat dan laut. Pengaruh laut ditunjukkan kandungan material karbonat yang signifikan, terkonfirmasi dari keberadaan cangkang foraminifera. Secara geokimia, terdapat anomali kelimpahan unsur pada endapan tsunami dibanding dengan endapan nontsunami. Unsur kimia Zr, Sr, Fe, Ti, K, Cr, dan Rb menunjukkan anomali pada endapan tsunami yaitu cenderung naik, terutama Sr yang menjadi penciri pengaruh laut. Berdasarkan analisis FTIR, ditemukan mineral kuarsa, kalsit, feldspar, aragonit, monmorilonit, paligorskit, dan magnetit pada endapan tsunami yang menunjukkan asosiasi mineral asal darat dan laut.
Silicate-germanate K2Y[(Si3Ge)O10(OH)] with unusual complex corrugated layer and its correlation to ring silicate gerenite and chain silicate chkalovite
Authors: Topnikova Anastasiia P. , Belokoneva Elena L. , Dimitrova Olga V. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Zorina Leokadiya V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new silicate-germanate K2Y[(Si3Ge)O10(OH)] was synthesized hydrothermally in a system Y2O3:GeO2:SiO2 = 1:1:2 (T = 280 °C; P = 90–100 atm.); K2CO3 was added to the solution as a mineralizer. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment was carried out at low temperature (150 K). The unit cell parameters are a = 10.4975(4), b = 6.9567(2), c = 15.4001(6) Å, β = 104.894(4)°; V = 1086.86(7) Å3; space group is P 21/c. A novel complex anion is presented by corrugated (Si,Ge) tetrahedral layers connected by couples of YO6 octahedra into the mixed microporous framework with the channels along b and a axes, the maximal size of cross-section is ~5.6 Å. This structure has similarity with the two minerals: ring silicate gerenite (Ca,Na)2(Y,REE)3Si6O18 · 2H2O and chain silicate chkalovite Na2BeSi2O6. Six-member rings with 1̅ symmetry as in gerenite are distinguished in the new layer. They are mutually perpendicular to each other and connected by additional tetrahedra. Straight crossing chains in chkalovite change to zigzag four-link chains in the new silicate-germanate layer.
Modeling the Impact of Hamiltonian Perturbations on Expectation Value Dynamics
Authors: Heveling Robin , Knipschild Lars , Gemmer Jochen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Evidently, some relaxation dynamics, e.g. exponential decays, are much more common in nature than others. Recently there have been attempts to explain this observation on the basis of “typicality of perturbations” with respect to their impact on expectation value dynamics. These theories suggest that a majority of the very numerous, possible Hamiltonian perturbations entail more or less the same type of alteration of the decay dynamics. Thus, in this paper, we study how the approach towards equilibrium in closed quantum systems is altered due to weak perturbations. To this end, we perform numerical experiments on a particular, exemplary spin system. We compare our numerical data to predictions from three particular theories. We find satisfying agreement in the weak perturbation regime for one of these approaches.
DEBATES NECESSÁRIOS: AMBIENTE, EDUCAÇÃO E DIVERSIDADES
Authors: Andrade Roberta Ferreira Coelho de , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques 
Published: April 2020

Num contexto em que o mundo é assombrado por uma pandemia, mais do que nunca precisamos defender os pesquisadores e as instituições que se ocupam em fazer ciência, pois, graças ao conhecimento científico, ao longo da história, tem sido possível responder a demandas sociais, explicar e interpretar a realidade e indicar caminhos e respostas para o enfrentamento dos grandes problemas que assolam a humanidade. A Revista Relações Sociais acredita que a socialização do conhecimento é um meio relevante e necessário para superação das visões estreitas e enviesadas da realidade, para a não resignação ante à lógica dominante, pois, nessa perspectiva, a troca, a reflexão, o questionamento e a construção de novas proposições favorecem a caminhada rumo a uma educação emancipatória, que tem em seu horizonte a superação das estruturas sociais desiguais, a construção de uma sociedade que vá além do capital, como propõe Mészaros (2008). Neste primeiro número do terceiro volume temos a oportunidade de refletir sobre uma diversidade de temáticas: ambiente, educação, gênero, discurso midiático e história. Tais temáticas nos evidenciam a necessidade de superação dos estereótipos, dos preconceitos (de classe, raça/etnia, de orientação sexual etc.), da lógica destrutiva do ambiente, o que implica caminhar em direção à construção de uma sociedade mais justa, menos desigual, em suma, rumo à emancipação humana do jugo do capital que escraviza e coisifica a existência.
De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphological differences
Authors: Qi yong , Yao Xinzhuan , Zhao Degang , Lu Litang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gains Result: In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. we identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development.Conclusion: This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of high quality and yield tea varieties. Furthermore, it gives information that may enhance understanding of triploid physiology.
A Rational Design of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 capable of Anaerobic Respiration
Authors: Kampers Linde F. C. , Koehorst Jasper J. , Heck Ruben G. A. van , Suarez-Diez Maria , Stams Alfons J. M. , Schaap Peter J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile, HV1-certified, genetically accessible, and thus interesting microbial chassis for biotechnological applications. However, its obligate aerobic nature hampers production of oxygen sensitive products and drives up costs in large scale fermentation. The inability to perform anaerobic fermentation has been attributed to insufficient ATP production and an inability to produce pyrimidines under these conditions. Addressing these bottlenecks enabled growth under micro-oxic conditions, but does not lead to growth or survival under anoxic conditions. Here, a data-driven approach was used to develop a rational design for aP. putida KT2440 derivative strain capable of anaerobic respiration. To come to the design, data derived from a genome comparison of 1628 Pseudomonas strains was combined with genome-scale metabolic modelling simulations and a transcriptome dataset of 47 samples representing 14 environmental conditions from the facultative anaerobe Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicate that the implementation of anaerobic respiration inP. putida KT2440 would require at least 61 additional genes of known function, at least 8 genes encoding proteins of unknown function, and 3 externally added vitamins.