bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secret life of PETs
Authors: Makin David A. , Ireland Leanna 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent the legal environment influences a user’s choice to employ privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs). Drawing upon existing theoretical frames specific to arbitrariness and uncertainty, this research examines whether interest in PETs is influenced by the legal environment of a country.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from Google Trends, the International Property Rights Index, Freedom House and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the research analyzes interest in Tor, VPN technology and pretty good privacy (PGP) in 153 countries between 2012 and 2016.

Findings
Findings suggest both countries with both higher and lower arbitrariness and uncertainty of law are associated with an increased interest in Tor and PGP. However, interest in VPN technology does not appear influenced by the legal environment and, instead, is influenced by freedom within the press.

Research limitations/implications
The dual use nature of Tor and PGP is influenced by law enforcement and judiciary effectiveness and transparency and arbitrariness contributing to the public’s interest in decentralized technological protections.

Practical implications
Law enforcement should continue to police via the technologies rather than shutting them down to protect the identities of those needing to use these technologies for legitimate purposes. Only by embracing the technologies, as opposed to seeing them as hurdles to be banned, may law enforcement agencies remain vigilant to the threats posted by nefarious actors.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors introduce a more robust measure of interest in PETs, and do so with a larger, more substantive sample. By situating this interest within the context of policing, the authors can document the dual use nature of the technology, which can be useful in guiding future research, specifically in the area of policy development and officer training.
Advances on Vibrio parahaemolyticus research in the postgenomic era
Authors: Matsuda Shigeaki , Hiyoshi Hirotaka , Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Kodama Toshio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood‐borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Since its discovery in 1950, this bacterium has been isolated in widespread outbreaks and in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although the exotoxin, thermostable direct hemolysin, had been the focus of extensive research on the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus, the whole‐genome sequencing of a clinical isolate, RIMD2210633 strain, was a breakthrough in this field. The possession of two sets of gene clusters for type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) was unveiled by that genome project. T3SS is a protein export apparatus that delivers bacterial proteins, called effectors, directly into the host's cytosol, to disrupt host cell function. The subsequent studies have established that T3SS2, which is encoded in an 80 kb pathogenicity island called V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp‐PAI), is closely related to enteropathogenicity. Recent functional analyses of Vp‐PAI‐encoded genes revealed the sophisticated mechanisms in V. parahaemolyticus for sensing the intestinal environment and host cell contact, and a dozen T3SS2‐exported proteins encoded in Vp‐PAI. In this review, we summarize recent advances in V. parahaemolyticus research regarding the control of the expression of Vp‐PAI‐encoded genes, structural components and the secretory regulation of T3SS2, and the biological activities of T3SS2‐exported effectors. Thus, Vp‐PAI‐encoded T3SS2 becomes an important key in the postgenomic era to shed light on the enteropathogenic mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus.
Quantifying the Consistency of ‘Standard’ Old English Spelling
Authors: Faulkner Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents two large datasets, one of over 19,000 morphemes from 100 texts, the other of over 91,000 spellings from 941 texts across 198 manuscripts for one phonological segment, with a view to providing an empirical basis for discussions of the homogeneity with which the vernacular was written in late Anglo‐Saxon England. These show the infinitive morpheme was spelt <‐an> 96.1 per cent of the time and the diphthong /æa, æ:a/ was written <ea> 96.5 per cent of the time. Such consistency, over time and across dialect boundaries, suggests that recent scepticism about the existence of a homogenous, conservative, supraregional variety of written Old English, perhaps a ‘standard’ Old English, is unwarranted.
Human Resource Management Journal: A look to the past, present, and future of the journal and HRM scholarship
Authors: Farndale Elaine , McDonnell Anthony , Scholarios Dora , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis editorial lays out 30 years of history ofHuman Resource Management Journal(HRMJ), charting the journal's roots, reflecting on HRM scholarship today and guiding authors on potential contributions to the journal in the future.HRMJhas achieved high recognition and ranking internationally since its conception originally as a UK‐based journal. The journal's broad‐based approach to the study of the management of people at work, means it appeals to scholars from a multitude of disciplines, not least of all management, industrial relations, psychology and organisational behaviour.HRMJis also highly rigorous in its review process, ensuring reliable, interesting and impactful articles that further our knowledge of theory and practice.
Factors associated with disability in patients with ulcerative colitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Marinelli Carla , Zingone Fabiana , Inferrera Marco , Lorenzon Greta , Rigo Alessandra , Facchin Sonia , Caccaro Roberta , D'Incà Renata , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesUlcerative colitis (UC) can give rise to several restrictions of patients' working and social activities. We aimed to determine the association between disease chronicity and the state of disability in a large population with UC.MethodsWe recruited consecutive patients with UC attending the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit of the Azienda Ospedaliera of Padua between July and December 2017. We collected patients' characteristics and clinical information, and all participants completed the IBD questionnaire (IBDQ) for quality of life assessment and the IBD disability index (IBD‐DI) questionnaire. Using univariate logistic regression models we assessed whether the patients' characteristics and IBD‐related variables were associated with an IBD‐DI score ≤3.5. Statistically significant variables in the univariate analyses were then included in a multivariate regression model. Correlations between IBD‐DI and all the above mentioned characteristics were investigated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsWe included 201 patients. A positive correlation was observed between IBD‐DI and IBDQ (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression modelling identified the following as independent factors related to disability: active disease (partial Mayo score ≥2) (odds ratio [OR] 6.54, 95% CI 3.21‐13.22), the presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) (OR 2.48, 95%, CI 1.11‐5.54) and occasional alcohol consumption (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20‐0.76).ConclusionsImpaired disability is mainly correlated with disease activity, the presence of EIM and no alcohol consumption. Moreover, there is a strong correlation with patients' quality of life. Therefore, in clinical practice, greater awareness of IBD‐related disability is needed to better manage patients' outcomes.
A Decade of C40: Research Insights and Agendas for City Networks
Authors: Davidson Kathryn , Coenen Lars , Gleeson Brendan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been a marked growth in formalised city networks. City networks of late have transcended beyond municipal collaborations towards more complex networked governance arrangements. City networks are noted also to raise the level of ambition among cities learning from and competing with each other with regard to the deployment of low‐carbon technologies and policies. Over the last two decades, at least nine urban climate networks have been established around the world. This article consolidates the academic literature on C40 within the context of three key themes that are drawn upon from earlier work of Davidson et al. with the goal of drawing out the key implications of researching, and putting into practice, urban studies in an age of increasingly networked urban governance and the role of city networks. We conclude the paper with articulating a new research agenda that places a focus on the effects of city networks on institutional relevance of traditional planning in ways that have not yet been considered in practice and scholarship. We argue a key challenge is to align and potentially synthesise these traditional and new forms of city shaping in an urban age era of rapidly unfolding endangerment.
Accuracy of Defining Characteristics for Nursing Diagnoses Related to Patients with Respiratory Deterioration
Authors: Vieira Laura F. , Fernandes Vivian R. , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth , Azzolin Karina de O. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo evaluate accuracy of defining characteristics (DCs) for impaired gas exchange (IGE), impaired spontaneous ventilation (ISV), and ineffective breathing pattern (IBP) in respiratory deterioration.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of medical records. The accuracy and predictive ability of DC or of clusters are calculated.FindingsIn this study, 391 records were evaluated. For IGE, DCs or clusters with higher efficiency were “hypercapnia” (78%), “somnolence” (74.4%), and “hypercapnia + tachycardia” (88%); for ISV, the cluster with higher efficiency was “increased heart rate ± decrease in cooperation” (70.1%); and for IBP, no DC or cluster exceeded 70% efficiency. These were confirmed by logistic regression.ConclusionFew DCs had adequate efficiency for respiratory nursing diagnoses, while in some cases clusters accounted for higher efficiency.Implications for Nursing PracticeClusters of DC may be relevant for respiratory diagnoses.
Price Changes in Washington Following the 2012 Liquor Privatization: An Update Through 2016 With Comparisons to California, Idaho, and Oregon
Authors: Williams Edwina , Kerr William C. , Barnett Sarah Beth L. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWashington State ended their wholesale and retail monopoly on liquor on June 1, 2012, resulting in a 5‐fold increase in liquor outlets in diverse store types. The legislation also included taxes at the wholesale and retail levels. This study seeks to investigate whether prices have changed from 2014 through 2016, as a follow‐up to a previous study finding increases in prices from 2012 to 2014, compared to prices in other states.MethodsWe developed an index of 68 brands that were popular in Washington in early 2012. Data on final liquor prices (including taxes) in Washington and California were obtained through store visits and online sources between November 2013 and March 2014, and again between April and May 2016 for Washington only. Pricing data for Idaho and Oregon were obtained from the Statistics for Alcohol Management Database over both sampling periods. Primary analyses were conducted on the utmost brands available in the majority of the stores sampled.ResultsLiquor prices in Washington rose an average of 3.9% for 750 ml and 6.5% for 1.75‐l containers overall from 2014 to 2016, while bordering states Idaho (+2.9%) and Oregon (+1.5%) experienced smaller increases for 750‐ml and declines for 1.75‐l containers (Idaho: −2.9%, Oregon: −4.9%). In the analyses of spirits prices in Washington compared to California, prices in California were 24.1% lower for 750‐ml containers and 29.6% lower for 1.75‐l containers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate liquor prices in Washington have increased since our 2014 assessment at a larger percentage than prices in the neighboring control states Oregon and Idaho, with varying effects on brands, container sizes, and store types. We demonstrate privatization is associated with a different pattern of prices across store types than seen in California.
Low‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Goulding Elizabeth A. , Simcock Bryony , McLachlan Jennifer , van der Griend Rachael , Sykes Peter 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundLow‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a unique entity with clinical and molecular characteristics distinct from high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). To date the majority of research has focused on the more common HGSOC, with treatment recommendations often extrapolated to LGSOC. Women with LGSOC are typically diagnosed younger and have indolent and relatively chemoresistant disease. Recently there have been major research advances in LGSOC.AimsThis systematic review describes the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of LGSOC, with advances in research and novel treatment options also discussed.Materials and MethodsA 10‐year comprehensive systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature was conducted, with a total of 132 abstracts read, 89 articles reviewed and 49 included in this review.ResultsThis review highlights the clinical and molecular features of LGSOC, current and traditional treatment options and areas of current research into targeted agents.ConclusionsOur growing knowledge about LGSOC as a distinct clinical and molecular entity from HGSOC has led to the investigation of more targeted and tailored therapies as their clinical course, optimal management and therapeutic targets differ. There is a need for ongoing collaborative research to provide better treatment options for these patients.
Pain management in children has significantly improved in the Italian emergency departments
Authors: Benini Franca , Castagno Emanuele , Urbino Antonio F. , Fossali Emilio , Mancusi Rossella Letizia , Milani Gregorio P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimPain in children is often poorly assessed and treated in Italian emergency departments (EDs) as found in a survey conducted among the centres of the “Pain in Pediatric Emergency Room (PIPER)” Study Group in 2010. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in pain management in Italian EDs in the last years.MethodA structured questionnaire about pain assessment, protocols, use of local anaesthetics before venipuncture, opioids and adjuvants was mailed to 46 Italian EDs between November 2017 and April 2018.ResultsPain was always assessed at triage in 34 centres (73.9%). Algometric scales were used in over 90% of EDs. Triage protocols were available in 37 centres (80.4%). Local anaesthetics before venipuncture were always used in six centres (13.0%). Protocols included opioids and adjuvants in 73.0% and 47.2%, respectively. Triage pain assessment was always done in 91.0% of the centres joining the PIPER Study Group up to 2015 and 56.5% in ones that joined the Group after 2015 (P = .017). Local anaesthetics before venipuncture were given in 39.1% of the centres joining until up to 2015 and 13.0% in ones that joined the Group after 2015 (P = .003).ConclusionPaediatric pain management has significantly improved in Italian EDs in the last 8 years. The centres joining the PIPER Study Group for longer time have shown better results for the indicators considered in the survey.
Editorial: the emergence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Authors' reply
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Kumada Takashi 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Toyoda et al and Crane et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15490 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15525.
Letter: the gluten‐free diet as a bottom‐up approach for irritable bowel syndrome. Authors' reply
Authors: Tuck Caroline , Vanner Stephen , Camilleri Michael , Jing Wang Xiao 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wang et al and Rej et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15419 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15517.
Letter: is measurement of faecal biomarkers helpful for the early diagnosis and prediction of pouchitis after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Shimoyama Takahiro , Kotze Paulo G. 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kayal et al and Kayal and Ungaro papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15505 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15582.
Laparoscopic vs open surgery for colorectal cancer patients with high American Society of Anesthesiologists classes
Authors: Fukuoka Eiji , Matsuda Takeru , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Kimihiro , Arimoto Akira , Takiguchi Gosuke , Yamamoto Masashi , Kanaji Shingo , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery has become popular for colorectal cancer treatment in recent years. However, its success rate even among high‐risk patients remains debatable. The present study aims to compare the short‐ and long‐term outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgeries in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes 3 and 4 patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, cohort study performed at a university hospital, with 78 patients suffering from colorectal cancer who underwent surgery in ASA classes 3 and 4 as respondents. Patient and tumor characteristics, operative outcomes, and prognoses were factors compared between the open and laparoscopic groups.ResultsCompared with the open group, laparoscopic group had longer operation time (median 287.5 vs 204.5 minutes, P = .001), less operative blood loss (median 40 vs 240 mL, P = .020), and fewer postoperative complications (24% vs 55%, P = .011). In addition, operative approach (open vs laparoscopic) served as an independent factor for the occurrence of postoperative complications [HR = 3.963 (1.344‐12.269), P = .013]. In terms of overall survival and recurrence‐free survival (P = .171 and .087, respectively), no significant difference was found between the two groups.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery is thus associated with more favorable short‐time outcomes and could be adopted as treatment even for colorectal cancer ASA class 3 and 4 patients.
Identifying disease‐associated biomarker network features through conditional graphical model
Authors: Xie Shanghong , Li Xiang , McColgan Peter , Scahill Rachael I. , Zeng Donglin , Wang Yuanjia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiomarkers are often organized into networks, in which the strengths of network connections vary across subjects depending on subject‐specific covariates (eg, genetic variants). Variation of network connections, as subject‐specific feature variables, has been found to predict disease clinical outcome. In this work, we develop a two‐stage method to estimate biomarker networks that account for heterogeneity among subjects and evaluate network's association with disease clinical outcome. In the first stage, we propose a conditional Gaussian graphical model with mean and precision matrix depending on covariates to obtain covariate‐dependent networks with connection strengths varying across subjects while assuming homogeneous network structure. In the second stage, we evaluate clinical utility of network measures (connection strengths) estimated from the first stage. The second‐stage analysis provides the relative predictive power of between‐region network measures on clinical impairment in the context of regional biomarkers and existing disease risk factors. We assess the performance of proposed method by extensive simulation studies and application to a Huntington's disease (HD) study to investigate the effect of HD causal gene on the rate of change in motor symptom through affecting brain subcortical and cortical gray matter atrophy connections. We show that cortical network connections and subcortical volumes, but not subcortical connections are identified to be predictive of clinical motor function deterioration. We validate these findings in an independent HD study. Lastly, highly similar patterns seen in the gray matter connections and a previous white matter connectivity study suggest a shared biological mechanism for HD and support the hypothesis that white matter loss is a direct result of neuronal loss as opposed to the loss of myelin or dysmyelination.
Estimating ecological metrics for holistic conservation management in a biodiverse but information‐poor tropical region
Authors: Devenish Christian , Nuñez Cortez Elio , Buchanan Graeme , Smith Graham R. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConservation ecologists face the dual challenge of working with difficult‐to‐study species and providing ecological metrics that support conservation management at global, regional, and local levels. We present metrics identifying distributions, site‐level and global abundance, site‐contextualized habitat requirements, and threats for seven dry forest endemic birds (two threatened, one Near Threatened) in the globally important Tumbes region of Peru. Extents of occurrence ranged from 36,000 to 152,000 km2, and while broad distributions were generally congruent, nearly half of species overlapped <50% of their range with other species. Population sizes ranged from the low thousands in the threatened/Near Threatened taxa to >150,000. Site‐level population estimates varied hugely, reflecting size of site and extreme variation in local abundances. Large tree girths and dense low cover generally promoted bird abundance, but stem density acted in opposite directions for different species, implying the need for site‐ and species‐specific habitat management. Habitat quality varied across sites, further complicating management options at the local level (e.g., reduced grazing). We highlight the suitability of our methods in providing useful conservation metrics for data‐poor regions, and demonstrate their application. Importantly, we propose key sites and priority actions for the region, including extensions of existing protected areas.
Sex differences in head‐fixed voluntary running behavior in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Warner Emily J. , Padmanabhan Krishnan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSex differences in running behaviors between female and male mice occur naturally in the wild. Recent experiments using head‐fixed mice on a voluntary running wheel have exploited analogous locomotor activity to gain insight into the neural underpinnings of a number of behaviors ranging from spatial navigation to decision‐making. It is however largely unknown if sex differences exist between females and males in a head‐fixed experimental paradigm. To address this, we characterized locomotor activity in head‐fixed female and male C57BL/6J mice on a voluntary running wheel. First, we found that over the initial 7‐day period, on average, animals increased both the velocity and the time spent running. Furthermore, we found that female mice habituated to running forward over the initial 2 days of encountering the wheel, while male mice took up to 4 days to habituate to running forward. Taken together, we characterized features of a sexually divergent behavior in head‐fixed running that should be considered in experiments employing female and male mice.