bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12‐Immobilized Graphene Oxide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction
Authors: Saravanan Natarajan , Balamurugan Mani , Shalini Devi K. S. , Nam Ki Tae , Senthil Kumar Annamalai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA naturally occurring water‐soluble cobalt‐complex cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) has been identified as a new and efficient electrocatalyst for the CO2‐to‐CO reduction reaction in aqueous solution. Heterogeneous B12‐electrocatalysts prepared by a simple electrochemical immobilization technique on graphene‐oxide (GO)‐modified glassy carbon and carbon paper (CP) electrodes, without any non‐degradable polymer‐binders, showed a highly stable and well‐defined surface‐confined redox peak at E’=−0.138 V vs. RHE with a surface‐excess value, ΓB12=4.28 nmol cm−2. This new electrocatalyst exhibits 93 % Faradaic efficiency for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at an electrolysis potential, −0.882 V vs. RHE (an optimal condition) with a high current density, 29.4 mA cm−2 and turn‐over‐frequency value, 5.2 s−1, without any surface‐fouling problem, in 0.5 m KHCO3. In further, it follows an eco‐friendly, sustainable and water‐based approach with the involvement of biodegradable and non‐toxic chemicals/materials like B12, GO and CP.
Axillary lymph node metastasis: Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy sensitivity as a function of node size, percent replacement of lymph node by tumor and tumor deposit size
Authors: Layfield Lester J , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda , Schmidt Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is commonly used to investigate lymphadenopathy of suspected metastatic origin. While diagnostic accuracy of FNA for lymph node disease is well described, the relationship between node size, percent tumor replacement, and size of metastatic deposit with diagnostic accuracy is less well documented.MethodsAll axillary lymph nodes undergoing ultrasound‐guided FNA for suspected breast metastases were correlated with subsequent surgical excision specimens. FNAs were judged as positive or negative for malignancy and the percent of false negative FNAs was correlated with node size, percent tumor replacement and size of metastatic depositResultsSensitivities were calculated for nodes greater than 15 mm (92%), nodes 11 to 14.9 mm (83%), nodes 7 to 10.9 mm (61%), and for nodes less than 7 mm (60%). Sensitivity increases with increasing node size (P = .001). Percent tumor replacement correlated with sensitivity: 90% or greater replacement (85%) 60% to 89.9% replacement (75%), 40% to 59.9% replacement (75%) and less than 39.9% replacement (64%)(P < .001). Metastases size correlated with sensitivity: metastases greater than 10 mm (94%), 6 to 9.9 mm (70%), 4 to 5.9 mm (54%), and less than 4 mm (72%).ConclusionsPercentage of false negative FNAs associate with investigation of metastatic disease correlates with node size, size of metastatic deposit and percentage of nodes replaced by tumor. Lymph nodes smaller than 7 mm, deposit diameter less than 6 mm and percentage replacement of less than 40% have the highest percentage of false negative results.
Resource pulses increase the diversity of successful competitors in a multi‐species stream fish assemblage
Authors: Bailey Colin J. , Moore Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFood resources are often patchily distributed through space and time and are classified as resource pulses when hyperabundant. Resource pulses can benefit growth, reproduction, and abundance of various consumers. Yet, it is relatively unknown how such resources are partitioned among competing consumers and how this is influenced by the magnitude of the pulse. Here, we examined how the magnitude of a pulsed resource influences resource partitioning among diverse sizes and species of consumers in a natural setting over small spatial and temporal scales. We focused on salmon egg subsidies to stream fish consumers. We experimentally added different quantities of pink salmon eggs to five meter long experimental stream sections. Egg additions spanned three orders of magnitude from 6 to 3575 eggs. Stream fish (egg consumers) were captured and gastric lavaged at each experimental section to determine how many eggs each individual fish consumed. We modeled taxon‐specific individual egg consumption as a function of egg availability, individual mass, community composition, number of competitors, and stream velocity using hurdle models in a Bayesian framework. We found that there were diminishing returns for increasing egg abundance increasing egg consumption (i.e., type II functional response) for individual size classes of fish, but that higher egg numbers were needed to benefit diverse consumers. Top models indicated that egg availability and individual fish characteristics (size and taxon) drove egg consumption, while community characteristics (species composition and number of competitors) were not supported. Our results suggest that resource pulses can provide rare opportunities for less dominant sizes and species of fish to consume abundant resources. The current paradigm in the stream fish literature suggests that stream fish communities are structured by dominance hierarchies; however, dominance hierarchies may be less influential where pulsed resources comprise a large portion of the resource base.
De novo polyamine synthesis supports metabolic and functional responses in activated murine NK cells
Authors: O'Brien Katie L. , Assmann Nadine , O'Connor Eimear , Keane Cathal , Walls Jessica , Choi Chloe , Oefner Peter J. , Gardiner Clair M. , Dettmer Katja , Finlay David K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCellular metabolism is dynamically regulated in NK cells and strongly influences their responses. Metabolic dysfunction is linked to defective NK cell responses in diseases such as obesity and cancer. The transcription factors, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and cMyc, are crucial for controlling NK cell metabolic and functional responses, though the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study reveals a new role for SREBP in NK cells in supporting de novo polyamine synthesis through facilitating elevated cMyc expression. Polyamines have diverse roles and their de novo synthesis is required for NK cell glycolytic and oxidative metabolism and to support optimal NK cell effector functions. When NK cells with impaired SREBP activity were supplemented with exogenous polyamines, NK cell metabolic defects were not rescued but these NK cells displayed significant improvement in some effector functions. One role for polyamines is in the control of protein translation where spermidine supports the posttranslational hypusination of translation factor eIF5a. Pharmacological inhibition of hypusination also impacts upon NK cell metabolism and effector function. Considering recent evidence that cholesterol‐rich tumor microenvironments inhibit SREBP activation and drive lymphocyte dysfunction, this study provides key mechanistic insight into this tumor‐evasion strategy.
Simulated pool fire testing and modeling of a composite metal foam
Authors: Rabiei Afsaneh , Karimpour Kamellia , Janssens Marc , Basu Debashis 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA series of simulated pool fire testing and modeling were conducted on steel‐steel composite metal foam (S‐S CMF) panels according to the procedure described in appendix B of 49 CFR Part 179, Specification for Tank Cars. This paper describes a series of 3‐D heat transfer calculations using the finite‐element software COMSOL Multiphysics. The purpose of the COMSOL calculations is to determine up to what extent the FDS neglects lateral heat conduction due to heat losses at the perimeter of the exposed area. To gauge the effect of the latter, the COMSOL model assumes that the heat flux at the exposed surface of the specimen is uniform. The 3‐D heat transfer calculations show that lateral heat conduction indeed needs to be included in the model to improve the accuracy of the predicted temperature distribution but that the non‐uniformity of the heat flux in the test also should be accounted for. Based on the experimental and both 1D and 3D simulation modeling results, the steel‐steel composite metal foams tested as novel insulation system met the acceptance criteria for the simulated pool fire test in 49 CFR 179 appendix B by a large margin.
Integration of multiomic annotation data to prioritize and characterize inflammation and immune‐related risk variants in squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Ryan , Xu Miao , Li Xihao , Gaynor Sheila , Zhou Hufeng , Li Zilin , Bossé Yohan , Lam Stephen , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Tardon Adonina , Chen Chu , Doherty Jennifer , Goodman Gary , Bojesen Stig E. , Landi Maria T. , Johansson Mattias , Field John K. , Bickeböller Heike , Wichmann H‐Erich , Risch Angela , Rennert Gadi , Arnold Suzanne , Wu Xifeng , Melander Olle , Brunnström Hans , Le Marchand Loic , Liu Geoffrey , Andrew Angeline , Duell Eric , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Shen Hongbing , Haugen Aage , Johansson Mikael , Grankvist Kjell , Caporaso Neil , Woll Penella , Dawn Teare M. , Scelo Ghislaine , Hong Yun‐Chul , Yuan Jian‐Min , Lazarus Philip , Schabath Matthew B. , Aldrich Melinda C. , Albanes Demetrios , Mak Raymond , Barbie David , Brennan Paul , Hung Rayjean J. , Amos Christopher I. , Christiani David C. , Lin Xihong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinical trial results have recently demonstrated that inhibiting inflammation by targeting the interleukin‐1β pathway can offer a significant reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality, highlighting a pressing and unmet need to understand the benefits of inflammation‐focused lung cancer therapies at the genetic level. While numerous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have explored the genetic etiology of lung cancer, there remains a large gap between the type of information that may be gleaned from an association study and the depth of understanding necessary to explain and drive translational findings. Thus, in this study we jointly model and integrate extensive multiomics data sources, utilizing a total of 40 genome‐wide functional annotations that augment previously published results from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) GWAS, to prioritize and characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that increase risk of squamous cell lung cancer through the inflammatory and immune responses. Our work bridges the gap between correlative analysis and translational follow‐up research, refining GWAS association measures in an interpretable and systematic manner. In particular, reanalysis of the ILCCO data highlights the impact of highly associated SNPs from nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway genes as well as major histocompatibility complex mediated variation in immune responses. One consequence of prioritizing likely functional SNPs is the pruning of variants that might be selected for follow‐up work by over an order of magnitude, from potentially tens of thousands to hundreds. The strategies we introduce provide informative and interpretable approaches for incorporating extensive genome‐wide annotation data in analysis of genetic association studies.
Changes in treatment trends in the early glottic cancer population after the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Panuganti Bharat Akhanda , Stuart Emelia , Weissbrod Philip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical impact of Medicaid expansion in otolaryngology is uncertain. Herein, we evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion on treatment patterns (primary radiotherapy vs surgery) in the early glottic cancer population.MethodsData regarding adults with Tis‐T2N0M0 glottic cancer that were treated with either surgery or radiotherapy between January 2010 and December 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer database. Changes in treatment trends and survival in the Medicaid expansion setting were discerned.ResultsThe proportion of patients undergoing radiotherapy decreased from 64.8% to 59% after the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was implemented. State Medicaid expansion status was associated with reduced odds of radiation therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66). Patients were diagnosed more often with earlier stage disease (20.6% vs 17.0% T2 diagnoses) in the Medicaid expansion cohort.ConclusionThe implementation of the PPACA was associated with a significant increase in surgical therapy for and earlier diagnosis of glottic cancer.
Why do sukuks (Islamic bonds) need a different pricing model?
Authors: Uddin Md Hamid , Kabir Sarkar H. , Kabir Hassan Mohammad , Hossain Mohammed S. , Liu Jia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe global interest in sukuk, an Islamic alternative to bond financing, has grown rapidly, particularly after the 2008 global financial crisis, due to its distinctive features and investment quality. Sukuk were first launched in Malaysia and are presently available in 29 countries, including the United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Luxembourg. Despite the global market prevalence of sukuk, asset pricing literature has not yet addressed the pricing mechanism of sukuk, which is inherently different from bonds and equity due to the contractual differences. However, analysts use LIBOR, or the Islamic interbank benchmark rate, as the ad‐hoc benchmark to evaluate sukuk performance. In this study, we develop a basic pricing model that captures the common risks in sukuk returns. We identify two risk factors for sukuk that require risk premiums: (a) sukuk market risk and (b) information asymmetry risk. Using these two common sukuk risks factors, investment analysts can estimate the fair value of sukuk more precisely than other ad hoc measures available.
Efficient and Economical Allocation of Irrigation Water under a Changing Environment: a Stochastic Multi‐Objective Nonlinear Programming Model*
Authors: Yan Zehao , Li Mo , Li Zhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater scarcity causes conflicts between natural resources and socio‐economic development which reinforces the need for optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. Irrigation water resource allocation is a complex problem due to various uncertainties in natural conditions. In this study, a stochastic multi‐objective nonlinear programming model is developed for irrigation water allocation under uncertainty. The model is capable of balancing the conflicting objectives of maximizing both net economic benefit (NEB) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Moreover, it can reflect the random nature of water availability, and provide alternative water allocation schemes in response to climate change. The applicability of the developed model is demonstrated by a case study in north‐west China. Trade‐offs between NEB and IWUE are presented. Irrigation water allocation schemes to cope with changing environments, including climate change and varying water availability, are also proposed. The results demonstrate that the developed model can generate solutions that save irrigation water while ensuring NEB. This model is a useful tool to support the formulation of optimized water resources management policies in a changing environment.
Electrochemical aptamer sensor for highly sensitive detection of mercury ion with Au/Pt@carbon nanofiber‐modified electrode
Authors: Xie Hui , Niu Yanyan , Deng Ying , Cheng Hui , Ruan Chengxiang , Li Guangjiu , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an electrochemical aptamer sensor was proposed for the highly sensitive detection of mercury ion (Hg2+). Carbon nanofiber (CNF) was prepared by electrospinning and high‐temperature carbonization, which was used for the loading of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) by the hydrothermal method. The Pt@CNF nanocomposite was modified on the surface of carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) to obtain Pt@CNF/CILE, which was further decorated by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through electrodeposition to get Au/Pt@CNF/CILE. Self‐assembling of the thiol‐based aptamer was further realized by the formation of Au‐S bond to get an electrochemical aptamer sensor (Aptamer/Au/Pt@CNF/CILE). Due to the specific binding of aptamer probe to Hg2+ with the formation of T‐Hg2+‐T structure, a highly sensitive quantitative detection of Hg2+ could be achieved by recording the changes of current signal after reacting with Hg2+ within the concentration range from 1.0 × 10−15 mol/L to 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L and the detection limit of 3.33 × 10−16 mol/L (3σ). Real water samples were successfully analyzed by this method.
The effects of malvidin on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced human THP‐1 cells
Authors: Bastin Alireza , Sadeghi Asie , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi , Abolhassani Moslem , Mohammadi Abbas , Akbari Hamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMalvidin is an anthocyanin which is involved in inhibiting inflammatory‐related mediators in inflammatory diseases; however, its mechanism of action in THP‐1 cells is not yet known. THP‐1 is a human monocytic cell line that is derived from patients with acute monocytic leukemia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of malvidin on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced THP‐1 cells. THP‐1 cells were stimulated with LPS (50 ng/ml) to induce inflammation in the presence or absence of malvidin. The anti/proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total protein levels/phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), P65‐NF‐κB, and IKKα/IKKβ were evaluated by western blot analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total thiol (T‐SH) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of malvidin in THP‐1 cells. Treatment of LPS‐stimulated THP‐1 cells with malvidin (100 and 200 μM) led to the significant inhibition of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐1β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein levels as well as a significant increase in the IL‐10 mRNA expression and protein secretion. Moreover, 200 μM malvidin treatment reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, IKKα/IKKβ, and P65‐NF‐κB. These findings showed that malvidin not only decreased the MDA and NO metabolite levels but also increased the FRAP and T‐SH content as well as SOD and GPx activities. The findings of the present study demonstrated the potential role of malvidin in blocking inflammation and oxidative stress induced by LPS in THP‐1 cell line, suggesting that malvidin is likely to be a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
Antimicrobial peptides in the gut–brain axis: A straightforward review to unravel some missing links
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Fabiano , Vinicius Macarini Bruzaferro Ewerton , Olsen Saraiva Câmara Niels 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are intriguing molecules, able to directly kill several microorganisms and to regulate multiple aspects of the immune response. Despite the extensive studies on the role of AMPs in the epithelial barrier, placing them as a pivotal line of defense against pathogen invasion, little attention has been directed to their role in the maintenance and modulation of the gut microbiota and, by consequence, of the homeostasis of extra intestinal tissues. Here, we review the recent literature about the microbiome–gut–brain axis, focusing on the role of AMPs in this scenario. We provide a straightforward revision of current data in order to provide an overview of the subject, discussing more in depth some points that, in our opinion, are crucial and have received little attention.
Patient experience of autogenous soft tissue grafting has an implication for future treatment: A 10‐ to 15‐year cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Kneifati Anas , Majzoub Jad , Stefanini Martina , Zucchelli Giovanni , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes have received a great deal of interest in periodontal plastic procedures. However, their evaluation has mainly been short‐term. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of soft tissue grafting procedures conducted over a decade ago on the willingness of a patients to undergo the surgery again.MethodsSubjects that received an autogenous soft tissue graft over 10 years ago were screened and invited for a survey. Their response was only analyzed if they were able to correctly identify the sites of the surgical procedures. Dichotomous questions and visual analogue scales (VASs) were used to assess self‐reported pain, willingness to retreat and satisfaction.ResultsFifty‐two patients were included in the analyses. Higher pain was reported for mandibular sites, and treated areas including ≥ 3 teeth (P < 0.01). Willingness to retreatment was 84.6% and it was negatively associated with self‐reported pain measures, the arch location (mandible), and number of treated sites (≥3 teeth) (P < 0.01). Mean satisfaction rate was 86.9 ± 13.65 (VAS) and showed a positive correlation with willingness to retreat (P < 0.01). Having a complete root coverage at the recall visit was also significantly associated with higher patient satisfaction scores (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPatient experience of previous autogenous soft tissue grafting has an influence on their decision to undergo future treatment. Willingness to retreat was negatively affected by mandibular sites, larger treated areas and the perceived pain, while presenting with complete root coverage was significantly associated with patient satisfaction.
Pain After Ear Surgery: A Prospective Evaluation of Endoscopic and Microscopic Approaches
Authors: Baazil Adrianus H. A. , van Spronsen Erik , Ebbens Fenna A. , Dikkers Frederik G. , De Wolf Maarten J. F. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAssumed advantages of a minimally invasive endoscopic transmeatal approach in ear surgery are less postoperative pain, faster healing, and preservation of functional anatomy. We evaluated pain after ear surgery and compared endoscopic transmeatal, microscopic endaural, and retroauricular approaches.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA prospective evaluation of pain during 3 weeks after ear surgery was performed. Three groups were defined: endoscopic transmeatal, microscopic endaural, and retroauricular. Data from 20 fully completed questionnaires (Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form) per group were analyzed with Bayesian and frequentist statistics.ResultsFor all approaches, low pain scores were found, not exceeding 4 on a scale of 0 to 10. Analysis of the worst, least, and average pain scores documented per 24 hours showed no statistically significant difference nor equality between groups. With Bayesian statistics, a Bayes factor of 1.07, 0.25, and 0.51 was found, respectively. With frequentist statistics a p value of .092, .783, and 0.291 was found, respectively. Small, but statistically significant, differences were found for sleep, natural sleeping position, normal work, and pain medication taken. The location of pain correlates with the incision site.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the surgical approach has no clinically relevant influence on postoperative pain after ear surgery. The statistically significant differences on natural sleeping position, sleep, normal work, and amount of pain medication taken are small and should be interpreted with caution. Therefore, these should not be decisive factors in the choice of surgical approach in ear surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1127–1131, 2021