bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and nature of resident‐to‐resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care
Authors: Joyce Catherine M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of resident‐to‐resident abuse (RRA) in aged care facilities and to explore the nature, contributing factors and outcomes of abuse incidents.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of residents in 13 aged care facilities between 1 January and 31 December 2017, using data extracted from organisational incident reports.ResultsA total of 169 RRA incidents were recorded, representing 0.56 incidents per 1000 bed days. 7.6% of residents were targets, and 6.9% exhibited aggression, in one or more RRA incidents over one year. In the majority of incidents (152, 89.9%), the aggressor had a cognitive impairment. Impacts on targets were mostly minor. The most common aggressor intervention was behaviour management (142; 84.0%).ConclusionsResident‐to‐resident abuse was found to be lower than in other reports. Typically, it involves residents with cognitive impairment and does not result in serious harm. Managing behavioural symptoms associated with cognitive impairment is critical in preventing and managing RRA.
Changes in mediators of pro‐cell growth, senescence, and inflammation during murine gestation
Authors: Lavu Narmada , Sheller‐Miller Samantha , Kechichian Talar , Cayenne Samir , Bonney Elizabeth A. , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProblemSenescence of the fetal membranes and senescence‐associated inflammation have been associated with parturition at term and pre‐term in both mice and humans. Using a pregnant mouse model, we determined changes in multiple molecular signalers contributing to senescence and inflammation associated with parturition.Method of studyFetal membranes were collected from timed‐pregnant CD‐1 mice on gestation days (E) 13, 15, 17, 18, and 19. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) localized pro‐cell growth factors glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and β‐catenin. Gestational age‐associated changes in pro‐cell growth vs senescence mediators (p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase [p38MAPK]), prooxidants (heme oxygenase‐1 [HO‐1], peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ [PPARγ]), and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐1β) were determined by Western blots and Luminex assays.ResultsFetal membrane expressions of phosphorylated forms of GSK3β (inactivation) and p38MAPK (activation) increased, while β‐catenin expression decreased, as gestation progressed. Antioxidant HO‐1 expression decreased while PPARγ increased toward term gestation. IL‐6 and IL‐8 concentrations were highest on E19 (day of delivery), while IL‐10 and IL‐1β concentrations were highest on E15.ConclusionMouse fetal membranes showed a progressive senescence marker increase coincided with downregulation of cell growth factors. Development of senescence is associated with inflammation. Senescence‐associated changes are natural and physiologic and indicative of fetal membranes' readiness for parturition.
Structural relations of language and cognitive skills, and topic knowledge to written composition: A test of the direct and indirect effects model of writing
Authors: Kim Young‐Suk Grace 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWriting involves multiple processes, drawing on a number of language, cognitive, and print‐related skills, and knowledge. According to the Direct and Indirect Effects model of Writing (DIEW; Kim & Park, 2019,Reading and Writing, 32, 1319), these multiple factors have hierarchical, interactive, and dynamic relations.AimsI examined the hierarchical relations of language and cognitive skills to written composition as well as the relation of topic knowledge to written composition, using DIEW as a theoretical framework.SampleOne hundred thirty‐two English‐speaking students in Grade 4 were assessed on written composition, topic knowledge, oral language (vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, discourse‐level oral production), higher order cognitions (inference, perspective taking [theory of mind], monitoring), domain‐general cognitions (working memory and attention), and transcription skills (spelling and handwriting fluency).MethodsStructural equation modelling was used to compare hierarchical relations models with a direct or flat relations model.ResultsThe hierarchical relations model was supported. Discourse oral language skills and transcription skills completely mediated the relations of the other component skills to written composition, and the included component skills explained 82% of variance in written composition. Substantial total effects were found for discourse language, transcription, attention, working memory, vocabulary, theory of mind, and grammatical knowledge. Topic knowledge was moderately related to writing, but this relation became weak once the other skills were accounted for.ConclusionsComponent skills have hierarchical structural relations and make direct and indirect contributions to written composition. Furthermore, the role of topic knowledge in written composition appears constrained by language and transcription skills for developing writers.
Academics' perceptions of students' motivation for learning and their own motivation for teaching in a marketized higher education context
Authors: King Naomi , Bunce Louise 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe marketization of higher education (HE), which positions students as consumers and academics as service providers, may adversely affect students’ motivation for learning and academics’ motivation for teaching. According to self‐determination theory (SDT), high‐quality forms of motivation are achieved when individuals experience fulfilment of three psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.AimsThis study applied SDT to examine academics’ perceptions of whether the marketized HE context in England, UK, supported or undermined these three psychological needs for their students and for themselves. It also examined their perceptions of the impact that this context had on their teaching.SampleParticipants were 10 academics teaching at five post‐1992 HE institutions in England, UK.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAcademics observed that students identifying as consumers seemed to display lower levels of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. This contributed to an HE environment that diminished the academics’ own psychological needs. Although some felt able to improve student motivation through their teaching, others felt demotivated and disempowered by top‐down pressure from managers and bottom‐up pressure from students.ConclusionsThe marketized HE context may undermine high‐quality motivation for students’ learning and academics’ teaching. Academics should be supported to teach in ways that facilitate competence, autonomy, and relatedness in their students and themselves.
Understanding Social Display Rules: Using One Person’s Emotional Expressions to Infer the Desires of Another
Authors: Wu Yang , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: December 2019

In social contexts, people’s emotional expressions may disguise their true feelings but still be revealing about the probable desires of their intended audience. This study investigates whether children can use emotional expressions in social contexts to recover the desires of the person observing, rather than displaying the emotion. Children (7.0–10.9 years, N = 211 across five experiments) saw a protagonist express one emotional expression in front of her social partner, and a different expression behind her partner’s back. Although the protagonist expressed contradictory emotions (and the partner expressed none), even 7‐year‐olds inferred both the protagonist’s and social partner’s desires. These results suggest that children can recover not only the desire of the person displaying emotion but also of the person observing it.
A systematic review of oral health in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Manchery Nithin , Henry Julie D. , Nangle Matthew R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesDespite more than 25 years of research focused on this topic, it remains unclear whether people with multiple sclerosis are more likely to present with oral health problems. The aim of this study was to provide the first systematic review of this literature.MethodsA literature search for studies focused on oral health and multiple sclerosis was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and CINAHL) were searched up until February 2019. Two independent coders extracted data, and study quality graded using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsFrom 1281 articles identified, 17 met all the eligibility criteria. Of the seventeen studies, more than half included a nonclinical control group, and the majority were observational studies. The included studies were of poor to moderate quality. Taken together, the results provided only very limited evidence that people with multiple sclerosis are more likely to present with dental caries and gingival disease. There was suggestive evidence that people with multiple sclerosis may be at higher risk of periodontal disease and present with poorer oral hygiene, and moderate evidence for an association between multiple sclerosis and temporomandibular disorders.ConclusionsThis systematic review provides evidence of an association between multiple sclerosis and at least some oral health problems. When temporomandibular disorders and periodontal status specifically have been assessed, most studies provide evidence of an association with multiple sclerosis. However, this review also clearly highlights the need for further, high‐quality studies in this area.
Making Parameter Dependencies of Time‐Series Segmentation Visually Understandable
Authors: Eichner Christian , Schumann Heidrun , Tominski Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work presents an approach to support the visual analysis of parameter dependencies of time‐series segmentation. The goal is to help analysts understand which parameters have high influence and which segmentation properties are highly sensitive to parameter changes. Our approach first derives features from the segmentation output and then calculates correlations between the features and the parameters, more precisely, in parameter subranges to capture global and local dependencies. Dedicated overviews visualize the correlations to help users understand parameter impact and recognize distinct regions of influence in the parameter space. A detailed inspection of the segmentations is supported by means of visually emphasizing parameter ranges and segments participating in a dependency. This involves linking and highlighting, and also a special sorting mechanism that adjusts the visualization dynamically as users interactively explore individual dependencies. The approach is applied in the context of segmenting time series for activity recognition. Informal feedback from a domain expert suggests that our approach is a useful addition to the analyst's toolbox for time‐series segmentation.
Integrated analysis of exosomal lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles reveals the involvement of lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Qiao , Han Chun‐Lei , Wang Kai‐Liang , Sui Yun‐Peng , Li Zhi‐Bao , Chen Ning , Fan Shi‐Ying , Shimabukuro Michitomo , Wang Feng , Meng Fan‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder for which diagnosis mainly depends on the medical history and clinical symptoms. Exosomes are now considered an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Long noncoding (lnc) RNA in exosomes plays a critical role in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disease.AimTo study expression differences for lncRNAs in peripheral blood exosomes of PD patients compared with healthy individuals and to look for lncRNAs that might be related to the pathogenesis of PD.Materials and MethodsWe recruited PD patients along with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals as healthy controls and evaluated levels of lncRNAs extracted from exosomes in plasma samples via next‐generation sequencing and real‐time quantitative PCR. Correlation analysis was conducted for the clinical characteristics of PD patients and the expression of selected lncRNAs.ResultsWe found 15 upregulated and 24 downregulated exosomal lncRNAs in the PD group. According to bioinformatics analyses, we chose lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 for further study. Interestingly, lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 was positively correlated with the MDS‐UPDRS III score for PD patients.ConclusionOur study suggested that lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of PD.
Vulnerable species and ecosystems are falling through the cracks of environmental impact assessments
Authors: Simmonds Jeremy S. , Reside April E. , Stone Zoe , Walsh Jessica C. , Ward Michelle S. , Maron Martine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProponents of development projects (e.g., new roads, mines, dams) are frequently required to assess and manage their impacts on threatened biodiversity. Here, we propose that the environmental legislation and standards that mandate such assessments are failing those threatened species and ecological communities listed as vulnerable. Using a case study of Australia's key environmental legislation, we highlight that vulnerable ecological communities receive no statutory protection, while vulnerable species are held to a less stringent standard in the impact assessment process compared with those that are endangered or critically endangered. In the 19 years since Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was enacted, four times as many vulnerable species have declined in their threat status than have improved. Beyond Australia, we demonstrate the global relevance of this issue, as it applies to internationally recognized best practice impact assessment guidelines. These cases provide a cautionary tale: without greater attention and stricter assessment criteria in the impact assessment process, the vulnerable species of today risk becoming the endangered species of tomorrow, with all the attendant costs and missed opportunities for recovery that this implies.
Effect of two different early rescue surfactant treatments on mortality in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kadıoğlu Şimşek Gülsüm , Kanmaz Kutman Hayriye Gözde , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Oğuz Şerife Suna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough current evidence suggests that initial dose of 200 mg/kg poractant alfa reduces mortality in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), these data were obtained in a highly heterogeneous group of patients and neither of them addressed mortality as primary outcome.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of poractant alfa and beractant on mortality when administered as early rescue surfactant therapy in very preterm infants.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated preterm infants followed in our unit between May 2017 and November 2018 whose gestational age (GA) was ≤28 weeks and received surfactant within the first 2 hours of life. Morbidities and mortality rates were compared between infants who received initial doses of 200 mg/kg poractant alfa and 100 mg/kg beractant.ResultsData from 200 infants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. There were 112 patients in the poractant alfa group and 88 patients in beractant group. Mean gestational age in these groups was 26 ± 2 and 25.8 ± 1.8 weeks (P = 0.45) and mean birth weight was 812 ± 243 and 840 ± 208 g (P = 0.39), respectively. The poractant alfa and beractant groups had similar rates of overall mortality (53.5% vs 56.8%), mortality in first 7 days (30.5% vs 25.8%), and beyond day 7 (16.4% vs 13.3%) (P > 0.05). There were no differences in the incidence of preterm morbidities among the two groups.ConclusionWe were unable to demonstrate the superiority of poractant in terms of mortality in very preterm infants with RDS. These findings need to be supported by multicenter, randomized controlled trials.
Biomarker discovery in cardiac allograft vasculopathy using targeted aptamer proteomics
Authors: Almufleh Aws , Zhang Liyong , Mielniczuk Lisa M. , Stadnick Ellamae , Davies Ross A. , Du Qiujiang , Rayner Katey , Liu Peter P. , Chih Sharon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits long‐term survival after heart transplantation. Non‐invasive evaluation is challenging, and currently, there is no validated biomarker for CAV diagnosis or prognostication. To identify potential candidate CAV biomarkers, we utilized the Slow Off‐rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAscan) assay, which evaluates over 1000 serum proteins, including many relevant to biological pathways in CAV. We evaluated three heart transplant patient groups according to angiographic ISHLT CAV grade: CAV1‐2 (mild‐moderate CAV), CAV3 (severe CAV), and CAV0 (normal control). SOMAscan assays were performed and proteins quantitated. Comparisons of proteins between study groups were performed using one‐way ANOVA (false discovery rate q‐value < 0.10). Thirty‐one patients (12 mild‐moderate CAV, 9 severe CAV, 10 controls) were included: 81% male, median age 57 years and median 1.1 years post‐transplant. Compared to controls, patients with mild‐moderate CAV had similar characteristics, while patients with severe CAV had longer time from transplant and increased allosensitization. Statistical/bioinformatics analysis identified 14 novel biomarkers for CAV, including 4 specific for mild‐moderate CAV. These proteins demonstrated important actions including apoptosis, inflammation, and platelet/coagulation activation. Upon preliminary receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, our protein biomarkers showed moderate‐to‐high discriminative ability for CAV (area under curve: 0.72 to 0.94). These candidate biomarkers are being validated in prospective studies.
Need for tracheostomy after lung transplant predicts decreased mid‐ and long‐term survival
Authors: Huddleston Stephen J. , Brown Roland , Rudser Kyle , Goswami Umesh , Tomic Rade , Lemke Nicholas T. , Shaffer Andrew W. , Soule Matthew , Hertz Marshall , Shumway Sara , Kelly Rose , Loor Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTracheostomy is an important adjunct for lung transplant patients requiring prolonged ventilation. We explored the effects of post‐transplant tracheostomy on survival and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplant.MethodsA retrospective, single center analysis was performed on all lung transplant recipients during the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) era. Risk factors for post‐transplant tracheostomy or death within 30 days were assessed. Kaplan‐Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between tracheostomy within 30 days after transplant and survival at 1 and 3 years. A total of 403 patients underwent single or bilateral lung transplant between May 2005 and February 2016 with complete data for 352 cases, and 35 patients (9.9%) underwent tracheostomy or died (N = 10, 2.8%) within 30 days.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, primary graft dysfunction grade 3 (PGD3) was associated with a composite end point of tracheostomy or death within 30 days (HR 3.11 (1.69, 5.71), P‐value < .001). Tracheostomy within 30 days was associated with decreased survival at 1(HR 4.25 [1.75, 10.35] P‐value = .001) and 3 years (HR 2.74 [1.30, 5.76], P‐value = .008), as well as decreased bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS)‐free survival at 1 (HR 1.87 [1.02, 3.41] P‐value = .042) and 3 years (HR 2.15 [1.33, 3.5], P‐value = .002).ConclusionPost‐transplant tracheostomy is a marker for advanced lung allograft dysfunction with significant reduction in long‐term overall and BOS‐free survival.
Young people and gambling content in social media: An experimental insight
Authors: Kaakinen Markus , Sirola Anu , Savolainen Iina , Oksanen Atte 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOnline gambling advertising and user‐generated gambling content have increased. This study used a social psychological online experiment to analyse young people's reactions towards and self‐reported interests in social media gambling messages.Design and MethodsA vignette experiment with a two‐level between‐subjects factor (group condition or control condition) and three two‐level within‐subjects factors (expressed stance on gambling, narrative perspective and majority opinion) was conducted with two samples of young Finnish people aged 15 to 25 years (N = 1200, 50% female, mean age 21.29 years) and 15 to 30 years (N = 230, 53% female, mean age 24.35 years). Participants were asked to indicate how they would react to presented gambling messages (i.e. like or dislike the content) and how interesting would the content appear to them. In addition to experimental factors, the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale and a global self‐esteem measure were used as the independent variables. A statistical analysis included multilevel linear and logistic regressions.ResultsYoung people preferred anti‐gambling messages instead of pro‐gambling messages. This effect was moderated by personal gambling attitudes as participants with highly positive gambling attitudes preferred pro‐gambling content. Fact‐driven messages were favoured over experience‐driven messages. Positive majority opinions predicted more favourable reactions and positive interest.Discussion and ConclusionsYoung people prefer anti‐gambling content and factual argumentation but their online behaviour is also influenced by perceived group norms. The potential risks of online gambling promotion mainly concern young people already interested in gambling.
Influence of placebo effects on quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Jockenhöfer Finja , Knust Christopher , Benson Sven , Schedlowski Manfred , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIntroductionPlacebo effects are used in the treatment of various medical conditions. To date, there is little scientific data in this regard as it relates to skin diseases in general and hardly any data with respect to wound healing in particular.Material and methodsIn a prospective randomized controlled trial, patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were observed for a period of 14 weeks. The objective was to investigate whether raising patients’ expectations with regard to a novel wound treatment might have an effect on wound healing processes as well as wound‐related quality of life, anxiety, depression and pain.ResultsOverall, 20 patients were included in the trial. They were stratified based on gender and randomized to either the intervention (IG) or the control group (CG). In both groups, the wound area decreased significantly over the course of the observation period. Unlike patients in the CG, those in the IG experienced significant improvement in wound‐related quality of life (wound‐QoL) in terms of both the overall score and the various subscales. Neither group showed significant changes with respect to pain, anxiety and depression.ConclusionsOur study is the first to show that – merely by raising patients’ expectations for a novel treatment – placebo effects can significantly improve quality of life in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. In the future, our findings should be integrated into the development of treatment concepts for patients with chronic wounds and should be investigated in larger cohorts.