bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Man of High Empire
Authors: Gibson Roy K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPliny the Younger (c. 60–112 CE)—senator and consul in the Rome of Domitian and Trajan, eyewitness to the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE, early ‘persecutor’ of Christians on the Black Sea—remains the best documented Roman individual, other than emperors, between Cicero and Augustine. Standard biographical approaches rarely suit him. But no Roman writer, not even Vergil, ties his identity to the regions of Italy more successfully than Pliny. His individuality can be captured by focusing on the range of locales in which he lived, including Comum, Umbria and Rome. What is Pliny’s attachment or relationship to a region? What is his persona, and what does he do there? What does he see, or not see, in a landscape or its inhabitants? Why does he play Comum up or play Umbria down? A strong thread of linear narration is maintained. In his youth Pliny spent a period of time on the bay of Naples alongside his famous uncle, the Elder Pliny, author of the Natural History. It was while here he witnessed the catastrophe of 79. Pliny spent the last years of his life as governor in the province of Pontus-Bithynia in northwest Turkey, in a landscape and political milieu quite different from the one he had known in Italy. Four figures from the classical past, present, and future accompany Pliny: Cicero, Tacitus, Epictetus, and Augustine.
Campania
Authors: Gibson Roy K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPliny’s narrative of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 C.E. underpins almost all modern accounts. The story is rarely told from his point of view. Scrutiny of the meaning or reliability of Pliny’s details is likewise rarely undertaken. The August date of the eruption is also now contested. There is, in addition, a tension between the apparent trustworthiness of the ‘scientific’ details, and Pliny’s desire to present the Elder Pliny’s rescue mission as heroic rather than misguided. The addressing of Pliny’s epistolary narrative to Tacitus may account for the focus on the Elder Pliny rather than on the masses of other victims in the eruption. The youthful constantia of Pliny, the pyroclastic flows and surges, and the death of the Elder are also treated in the course of the chapter, as are the significant Flavian connections of the Elder, and his continuing role in Pliny’s life as a model to accept or reject, and the role of Pliny’s mother during the eruption.
Umbria and the Laurentine Shore
Authors: Gibson Roy K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPliny owned two important residences outside Rome: one on the Laurentine shore; the other in Umbria. Pliny calls the latter villa ‘Tuscan’: a reference to the ethnicity (rather than geography) of the locality. He was deeply embedded and widely connected in Umbria, but plays the region down, to give Comum prominence. A network of Umbrian friends can be documented, plus marriage to ‘Venuleia’: daughter of an established Umbro-Etruscan senatorial family. Pliny says little about her, to give the later marriage to Calpurnia of Comum more publicity. Pliny’s persona in Umbria is warm, and marked by an interest in religious sites. At the Laurentine villa, Pliny focuses on reading, writing, and improvement of the self. How does Pliny’s persona at his villas relate to ancient conceptions of the ‘true self’? Pliny’s leisure was based on the labour of those who worked his huge Umbrian estates. What were his record and practices as a wealthy landowner?
IDEAL ZETA FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED TO A FAMILY OF CLASS-2-NILPOTENT LIE RINGS
Authors: Voll Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe produce explicit formulae for various ideal zeta functions associated to the members of an infinite family of class-$2$-nilpotent Lie rings, introduced in M. N. Berman, B. Klopsch and U. Onn (A family of class-2 nilpotent groups, their automorphisms and pro-isomorphic zeta functions, Math. Z. 290 (2018), 909935), in terms of Igusa functions. As corollaries we obtain information about analytic properties of global ideal zeta functions, local functional equations, topological, reduced and graded ideal zeta functions, as well as representation zeta functions for the unipotent group schemes associated to the Lie rings in question.
Faculty and Resident Engagement With a Workplace-Based Assessment Tool: Use of Implementation Science to Explore Enablers and Barriers
Authors: Young John Q. , Sugarman Rebekah , Schwartz Jessica , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Implementation of workplace-based assessment programs has encountered significant challenges. Faculty and residents alike often have a negative view of these programs as “tick-box” or “jump through the hoops” exercises. A number of recommendations have been made to address these challenges. To understand the experience with a workplace-based assessment tool that follows many of these recommendations, the authors conducted a qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify enablers and barriers to engagement with the tool.

Method
The Psychopharmacotherapy-Structured Clinical Observation (P-SCO) is a direct observation tool designed to assess resident performance during a psychiatric medication management visit. From August 2017 to February 2018, the P-SCO was implemented in the outpatient continuity clinics for second- and third-year residents at Zucker Hillside Hospital/Northwell Health. In February and March 2019, the authors conducted semistructured interviews of participating faculty and residents. Interview guides based on the CFIR were used to capture the enablers and barriers to engagement. Interview transcripts were independently coded. Codes were then organized into themes relevant to the domains of the CFIR.

Results
Ten faculty and 10 residents were interviewed. Overall, participants had a positive experience with the P-SCO. Enabling factors for faculty and residents included the ongoing training, design features of the P-SCO, predisposing beliefs, dedicated faculty time, and the perception that the P-SCO improved verbal feedback quality. Barriers for faculty included checklist length and discomfort with feedback that threatens identity, and barriers for residents included faculty variability in timeliness and quality of feedback and minimal review of the feedback after initial receipt.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the negative experience of faculty and residents with workplace-based assessment tools shown in prior studies can be overcome, at least in part, when specific implementation strategies are pursued. The findings provide guidance for future research and implementation efforts.
Personalized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Comparison Between Optimal Distribution of Regional Ventilation and Positive Transpulmonary Pressure
Authors: Scaramuzzo Gaetano , Spadaro Savino , Dalla Corte Francesca , Waldmann Andreas D. , Böhm Stephan H. , Ragazzi Riccardo , Marangoni Elisabetta , Grasselli Giacomo , Pesenti Antonio , Volta Carlo Alberto , Mauri Tommaso 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Different techniques exist to select personalized positive end-expiratory pressure in patients affected by the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The positive end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure strategy aims to counteract dorsal lung collapse, whereas electrical impedance tomography could guide positive end-expiratory pressure selection based on optimal homogeneity of ventilation distribution. We compared the physiologic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure guided by electrical impedance tomography versus transpulmonary pressure in patients affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
Cross-over prospective physiologic study.

Setting:
Two academic ICUs.

Patients:
Twenty ICU patients affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Intervention:
Patients monitored by an esophageal catheter and a 32-electrode electrical impedance tomography monitor underwent two positive end-expiratory pressure titration trials by randomized cross-over design to find the level of positive end-expiratory pressure associated with: 1) positive end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (PEEPPL) and 2) proportion of poorly or nonventilated lung units (Silent Spaces) less than or equal to 15% (PEEPEIT). Each positive end-expiratory pressure level was maintained for 20 minutes, and afterward, lung mechanics, gas exchange, and electrical impedance tomography data were collected.

Measurements and Main Results:
PEEPEIT and PEEPPL differed in all patients, and there was no correlation between the levels identified by the two methods (R

s
= 0.25; p = 0.29). PEEPEIT determined a more homogeneous distribution of ventilation with a lower percentage of dependent Silent Spaces (p = 0.02), whereas PEEPPL was characterized by lower airway—but not transpulmonary—driving pressure (p = 0.04). PEEPEIT was significantly higher than PEEPPL in subjects with extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.006), whereas the opposite was true for pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Personalized positive end-expiratory pressure levels selected by electrical impedance tomography– and transpulmonary pressure–based methods are not correlated at the individual patient level. PEEPPL is associated with lower dynamic stress, whereas PEEPEIT may help to optimize lung recruitment and homogeneity of ventilation. The underlying etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome could deeply influence results from each method.
The genetic variations in SAP97 gene and the risk of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population: a further study
Authors: Xu Xusan , Wang Yajun , Zhou Xia , Yin Jingwen , Yu Huajun , Wen Xia , Lv Dong , Zhu Dongjian , Xiong Susu , Yan Haifeng , Dai Zhun , Lin Zhixiong , Lin Juda , Zhao Bin , Liang Chunmei , Li You , Luo Xudong , Ma Guoda 
Published: June 2020

Background and Methods
Based on our previous discovery that SAP97 rs3915512 polymorphism significantly affects the cognitive function of schizophrenia, we further genotyped the other 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capturing the known common haplotype variations of this gene in a sample including 1014 patients with schizophrenia and 1078 matched controls.

Results
There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the 12 SNPs of SAP97 between the patients and the controls (all P > 0.05). But, in the evaluation of the phenotypic effects of these SNPs on the patients’ clinical symptoms and cognitive functions. While patients with minor allele in the rs9843659 polymorphism had higher N5 (difficulty in abstract thinking) scores than that with the main genotype (P = 0.002, Pcor = 0.014), the patients with minor allele in the rs6805920, rs4916461 and rs7638423 had lower verbal memory scores (P = 0.003, 0.003, 0.001, Pcor = 0.021, 0.021, 0.007, respectively) and the P values of these SNPs were still significant after the Bonferroni correction.

Conclusion
Our data are further to indicate that the SAP97 gene polymorphisms may affect neurocognitive function especially verbal memory and the first to suggest that the SAP97 rs9843659 polymorphism may influence abstract thinking of schizophrenic patients in the southern Han Chinese population.
Gemmobacter serpentinus sp. nov., isolated from conserved forages
Authors: Lim Kahao , Kannan Arvind D. , Shobnam Nusrat , Mahmood Maheen , Lee Jaejin , Im Jeongdae 
Published: June 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, long-rod-shaped and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated HB-1T, was isolated from a round hay bale at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit. The results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HB-1T clustered within the genus

Gemmobacter

and its closest relatives were

Gemmobacter aquaticus

A1-9T (98.0 %),

Gemmobacter lutimaris

YJ-T1-11T (98.0 %),

Gemmobacter fontiphilus

JS43T (97.8 %),

Gemmobacter aquatilis

DSM 3857T (97.5 %) and

Gemmobacter lanyuensis

Orc-4T (96.9 %). Additional phylogenomic analysis also indicated that strain HB-1T belongs to the genus

Gemmobacter

. The draft genome of strain HB-1T had a total length of 4.23 Mbp and contained 4071 protein-coding genes. The average nucleotide identity values between the genomes of strain HB-1T and the three most-related type strains ranged from 77.5 to 78.1 %. The DNA G+C content of strain HB-1T was 63.7 mol%. The novel strain grew at 10–37 °C, pH 5–10 and with 0–2 % NaCl. Oxidase and catalase activities were positive. Cells were 0.3–0.4 µm wide, 3.0–7.0 µm long and usually found in pairs or chains of cells. The major respiratory quinone of strain HB-1T was Q-10 (90 %), with a minor amount of Q-9 (10 %). The major fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c (54.6 %) and C16 : 0 (18.2 %). On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain HB-1T (=DSM 109828T=ATCC TSD-211T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Gemmobacter

, for which the name Gemmobacter serpentinus sp. nov. is proposed.
Mouse thy1-positive spermatogonia suppress the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells by Extracellular vesicles in vitro
Authors: Lin Yu , Fang Qian , He Yue , Gong Xiaowen , Wang Yinjuan , Liang Ajuan , Wang Guishuan , Gong Shengnan , Wu Ji , Sun Fei 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe self-renewal of mammalian spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) supports spermatogenesis to produce spermatozoa, and this is precisely controlled in a stem niche microenvironment in the seminiferous tubules. Although studies have revealed the role of the surrounding factors in SSCs, little is known about whether the division of SSCs is controlled by extracellular vesicles. Here, extracellular vesicles were found in the basal compartment of seminiferous tubules in mouse, rat, rabbit and human testes. In the mice, the testicular extracellular vesicles are secreted by spermatogonia and are taken up by SSCs. Further, the extracellular vesicles from thy1-positive spermatogonia were purified by anti-Thy1-coupled magnetic beads, and which suppress their proliferation of SSCs but not lead to the apoptosis in vitro.
State-wise estimates of current hospital beds, intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators in India: Are we prepared for a surge in COVID-19 hospitalizations?
Authors: Kapoor Geetanjali , Hauck Stephanie , Sriram Aditi , Joshi Jyoti , Schueller Emily , Frost Isabel , Balasubramanian Ruchita , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Nandi Arindam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid spread of COVID-19 globally has prompted policymakers to evaluate the capacity of health care infrastructure in their communities. Many hard-hit localities have witnessed a large influx of severe cases that strained existing hospitals. As COVID-19 spreads in India, it is essential to evaluate the country’s capacity to treat severe cases.MethodsWe combined data on public and private sector hospitals in India to produce state level estimates of hospital beds, ICU beds, and mechanical ventilators. Based on the number of public sector hospitals from the 2019 National Health Profile (NHP) of India and the relative proportions of public and private health care facilities from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 75th round (2017-2018), we estimated capacity in each Indian state and union territory (UT). We assumed that 5% of all hospital beds were ICU beds and that 50% of ICU beds were equipped with ventilators.ResultsWe estimated that India has approximately 1.9 million hospital beds, 95,000 ICU beds and 48,000 ventilators. Nationally, resources are concentrated in the private sector (hospital beds: 1,185,242 private vs 713,986 public; ICU beds: 59,262 private vs 35,699 public; ventilators: 29,631 private vs. 17,850 public). Our findings suggest substantial variation in available resources across states and UTs.ConclusionSome projections shave suggested a potential need for approximately 270,000 ICU beds in an optimistic scenario, over 2.8 times the estimated number of total available ICU beds in India. Additional resources will likely be required to accommodate patients with severe COVID-19 infections in India.
Detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in both serum and saliva enhances detection of infection
Authors: Faustini Sian E. , Jossi Sian E. , Perez-Toledo Marisol , Shields Adrian M. , Allen Joel D. , Watanabe Yasunori , Newby Maddy L. , Cook Alex , Willcox Carrie R , Salim Mahboob , Goodall Margaret , Heaney Jennifer L. , Marcial-Juarez Edith , Morley Gabriella L. , Torlinska Barbara , Wraith David C. , Veenith Tonny V. , Harding Stephen , Jolles Stephen , Ponsford Mark J. , Plant Tim , Huissoon Aarnoud , O’Shea Matthew K. , Willcox Benjamin E. , Drayson Mark T. , Crispin Max , Cunningham Adam F. , Richter Alex G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDetecting antibody responses during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect.MethodsWe systemically developed an ELISA assay, optimising different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects.ResultsUsing trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti-spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti-spike, but not nucleocapsid, IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from non-hospitalized symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Antibody responses in saliva and serum were largely independent of each other and symptom reporting.ConclusionsDetecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum is optimal for determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection.FundingThis work was funded by the University of Birmingham, the National Institute for Health Research (UK), the NIH National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the University of Southampton.
Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin suggests aster positioning by surface forces in frog eggs
Authors: Pelletier James , Field Christine , Fürthauer Sebastian , Sonnett Matthew , Mitchison Timothy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters inXenopus laevisand other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed dynein-based organelle transport generates length-dependent forces on astral MTs that pull centrosomes through the cytoplasm, away from the midplane. InXenopusegg extracts, we co-imaged MTs, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, acidic organelles, F-actin, keratin, and fluorescein in moving and stationary asters. In asters that were moving in response to dynein and actomyosin forces, we observed that all cytoplasmic components moved together, i.e., as a continuum. Dynein-mediated organelle transport was restricted by interior MTs and F-actin. Organelles exhibited a burst of dynein-dependent inward movement at the growing aster surface, then mostly halted inside the aster. Dynein-coated beads were slowed by F-actin, but in contrast to organelles, beads did not halt inside asters. These observations call for new models of aster positioning based on surface forces and internal stresses.
The innate sensor ZBP1-IRF3 axis regulates cell proliferation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ponnusamy Kanagaraju , Tzioni Maria Myrsini , Begum Murshida , Robinson Mark E , Caputo Valentina S , Katsarou Alexia , Trasanidis Nikolaos , Xiao Xiaolin , Kostopoulos Ioannis V , Iskander Deena , Roberts Irene , Trivedi Pritesh , Auner Holger W , Naresh Kikkeri , Chaidos Aristeidis , Karadimitris Anastasios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZBP1 is an inducible, non-constitutively expressed cellular nucleic acid sensor that triggers type I interferon (IFN) responses via phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor (TF) IRF3 by TBK1. However, the role of the ZBP1-IRF3 axis in cancer is not known. Here we show that ZBP1 is selectively and constitutively expressed in late B cell development and it is required for optimal T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. In the plasma cell (PC) cancer multiple myeloma, interaction of constitutively expressed ZBP1 with TBK1 and IRF3 results in IRF3 phosphorylation. Notably, rather than IFN type I response genes, IRF3 directly activates, in part through co-operation with the PC lineage-defining TF IRF4, cell cycle genes thus promoting myeloma cell proliferation. This generates a novel, potentially therapeutically targetable and relatively selective myeloma cell addiction to the ZBP1-IRF3 axis. These data expand our knowledge of the role of cellular immune sensors in cancer biology.
Effect of evacuation of Japanese residents from Wuhan, China, on preventing transmission of novel coronavirus infection: a modelling study
Authors: Asai Yusuke , Tsuzuki Shinya , Kutsuna Satoshi , Hayakawa Kayoko , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn late January 2020, the Japanese government carried out three evacuations by aircraft from Wuhan, China, to avoid further cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Wuhan’s Japanese residents. Evacuation by aircraft may be an effective countermeasure against outbreaks of infectious diseases, but evidence of its effect is scarce. This study estimated how many COVID-19 cases were prevented among the Japanese residents of Wuhan by the evacuation countermeasure.ResultsEleven imported COVID-19 cases were reported on Feb 1 from among the total 566 evacuees who returned to Japan. In the case of no evacuations being made, the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases among Wuhan’s Japanese residents was estimated to reach 25 (95% CI [20, 29]) on Feb 8 and 34 (95% CI [28, 40]) on Feb 15. A 1-week delay in the evacuation might be led to 14 additional cases and a 2-week delay to 23 additional cases. Evacuation by aircraft can contribute substantially to reducing the number of infected cases in the initial stage of the outbreak.
Principal leadership preparation towards high-performing school leadership in Malaysia
Authors: Adams Donnie , Yoon Mooi Ashley Ng , Muniandy Vasu 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the Malaysian National Professional Qualification for Educational Leaders (NPQEL), a principal leadership preparation programme and the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013–2025, a comprehensive plan for a rapid and sustainable transformation of our education system through to 2025 to ensure high-performing school leaders in every school.Design/methodology/approachIn understanding how the NPQEL operates and its effectiveness in preparing high performing school leaders, a research instrument of open-ended questions were administered to 102 principals from government-funded secondary schools, to establish how they were prepared for their leadership roles and their views of their leadership practices.FindingsThe NPQEL programme provides evidence of strong outcomes in preparing school leaders towards high-performing school leadership in Malaysia in combination of a variety of approaches with respect to its designs and competency standards. Findings indicate that the NPQEL contributes towards the development of the school leaders' attributes or skills for their leadership roles; and the NPQEL fulfils the aspirations set out in the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013–2025.Originality/valueThis paper explores the potential influence of Malaysian NPQEL and the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013–2025 on preparing high-performing school leaders in every school.