bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical four-point functions in the two-dimensional critical Q-state Potts model: the interchiral conformal bootstrap
Authors: He Yifei , Jacobsen Jesper Lykke , Saleur Hubert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the spectrum identified in our earlier work [1], we numerically solve the bootstrap to determine four-point correlation functions of the geometrical connectivities in the Q-state Potts model. Crucial in our approach is the existence of “interchiral conformal blocks”, which arise from the degeneracy of fields with conformal weight hr,1, with r ∈ ℕ*, and are related to the underlying presence of the “interchiral algebra” introduced in [2]. We also find evidence for the existence of “renormalized” recursions, replacing those that follow from the degeneracy of the field $$ {\Phi}_{12}^D $$

Φ
12
D

in Liouville theory, and obtain the first few such recursions in closed form. This hints at the possibility of the full analytical determination of correlation functions in this model.
Quantum extremal islands made easy. Part II. Black holes on the brane
Authors: Chen Hong Zhe , Myers Robert C. , Neuenfeld Dominik , Reyes Ignacio A. , Sandor Joshua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We discuss holographic models of extremal and non-extremal black holes in contact with a bath in d dimensions, based on a brane world model introduced in [1]. The main benefit of our setup is that it allows for a high degree of analytic control as compared to previous work in higher dimensions. We show that the appearance of quantum extremal islands in those models is a consequence of the well-understood phase transition of RT surfaces, and does not make any direct reference to ensemble averaging. For non-extremal black holes the appearance of quantum extremal islands has the right behaviour to avoid the information paradox in any dimension. We further show that for these models the calculation of the full Page curve is possible in any dimension. The calculation reduces to numerically solving two ODEs. In the case of extremal black holes in higher dimensions, we find no quantum extremal islands for a wide range of parameters. In two dimensions, our results agree with [2] at leading order; however a finite UV cutoff introduced by the brane results in subleading corrections. For example, these corrections result in the quantum extremal surfaces moving further outward from the horizon, and shifting the Page transition to a slightly earlier time.
On polytopes and generalizations of the KLT relations
Authors: Kalyanapuram Nikhil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe combine the technology of the theory of polytopes and twisted intersection theory to derive a large class of double copy relations that generalize the classical relations due to Kawai, Lewellen and Tye (KLT). To do this, we first study a generalization of the scattering equations of Cachazo, He and Yuan. While the scattering equations were defined on ℳ0,n— the moduli space of marked Riemann spheres — the new scattering equations are defined on polytopes known as accordiohedra, realized as hyperplane arrangements. These polytopes encode as patterns of intersection the scattering amplitudes of generic scalar theories. The twisted period relations of such intersection numbers provide a vast generalization of the KLT relations. Differential forms dual to the bounded chambers of the hyperplane arrangements furnish a natural generalization of the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) basis, the number of which can be determined by counting the number of solutions of the generalized scattering equations. In this work the focus is on a generalization of the BCJ expansion to generic scalar theories, although we use the labels KLT and BCJ interchangeably.
Effects of Hydrogen-Enrichment on Flame-Holding of Natural Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Saini Pankaj , Chterev Ianko , Pareja Jhon , Aigner Manfred , Boxx Isaac 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of hydrogen ($$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$

H
2

) enrichment on the flame-holding characteristics of two natural gas jet flames in crossflow is investigated here, experimentally. The flame and flowfield measurements are analyzed using simultaneously acquired high-speed (10 kHz) stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, planar laser-induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl radical, and OH* chemiluminescence. The flames, enriched with 20% and 40% $$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$

H
2

, by volume, are studied at conditions typical of the mixing duct of a modern gas turbine engine; specifically in confinement, at 10 bars, and with a crossflow preheat of 530 K. Consistent with previous findings, the 40% $$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$

H
2

flame was found to be stabilized on the windward and leeward side of the jet, while the 20% $$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$

H
2

flame was stabilized only on the leeward side. Analysis of mean and instantaneous velocity fields showed no major differences in the trajectories and principal compressive strain fields of the two flames. The presence of the windward stabilized flame in the 40% $$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$

H
2

case was, however, found to decrease the centerline velocity decay and greatly reduce or eliminate large scale vortices along the windward shear layer. The difference in the flame-holding here was attributed to the difference in the extinction strain rate from the addition of hydrogen, which would impact the local and global extinction of the flame along the high shear windward region of the flame.
The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bathini Mayukha , Raghushaker Chandavalli Ramappa , Mahato Krishna Kishore 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
Characterization of the Petrographic and Physicomechanical Properties of Rocks from Otanmäki, Finland
Authors: Aladejare Adeyemi Emman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntact rock properties are important for mining and geotechnical engineering because they are important design parameters for tunnels, rock foundations, rock slopes, among others. Some of the properties are also used as input parameters in some rock mass classification systems. Therefore, as rock properties are site-specific, there is need to investigate rock properties at a site especially when such site is used for engineering purpose. This paper documents the petrographic and X-ray fluorescence analyses, and physical and mechanical tests conducted to estimate the physical and mechanical properties of the two rock types (i.e. gabbro and granite) selected from quarries at Otanmäki, Finland. Mineral composition, grain size and chemical composition, water content, porosity, Brazilian tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson ratio of the rock types were determined. Both gabbro and granite samples have fine to medium grained texture. The results of laboratory experiments conducted show that rock properties investigated have low to high variability. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed and useful predictive models for estimating Brazilian tensile strength from physical test results were developed and validated.
The Role of Defending Norms in Victims’ Classroom Climate Perceptions and Psychosocial Maladjustment in Secondary School
Authors: Laninga-Wijnen Lydia , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Mainhard Tim , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVictims of bullying are at increased risk of developing psychosocial problems. It is often claimed that it helps victims when others stand up against the bullying and when defending is typical (descriptive norm) or rewarded with popularity (popularity norm) in classrooms. However, recent work on the healthy context paradox suggests that victims – paradoxically – tend to do worse in more positive classrooms. Therefore, it is possible that defending norms are counterproductive and exacerbate victims’ adjustment difficulties, possibly because social maladjustment is more apparent in classrooms where everybody else is doing well. The current study examined whether descriptive and popularity norms for defending predicted victims’ classroom climate perceptions and psychosocial adjustment. Using data of 1,206 secondary school students from 45 classrooms (Mage = 13.61), multi-level analyses indicated that descriptive norms for defending increased rather than decreased negative classroom climate perceptions and maladjustment of victimized youths. In contrast, popularity norms for defending positively predicted all students’ classroom climate perceptions and feelings of belonging, except victims’ self-esteem. Interventions may benefit more from promoting popularity norms for defending rather than descriptive norms for defending in secondary schools.
Multi-scale phase analyses of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) using neutron diffraction and transmission techniques
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Soria Sergio , Gan Weimin , Hofmann Michael , Schulz Michael , Hoelzel Markus , Brokmeier Heinz-Günter , Petry Winfried 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe content of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile iron has been quantitatively determined using three different kinds of neutron methods: (1) high-resolution powder diffraction with subsequent standard Rietveld refinement, (2) phase quantification using pole figure measurements and (3) Bragg edge neutron transmission. The accuracy and scope of applications of these neutron diffraction and imaging techniques for phase quantification have been compared and discussed in detail. Combination of these methods has been confirmed as effective for dealing with problems like peak overlap in multi-phase materials and texture formation after plastic deformation. Further, the results highlight the potential of using single peak pole figure data for quantitative phase analysis with high accuracy.
Developing a system for in vivo imaging of maize roots containing iodinated contrast media in soil using synchrotron XCT and XRF
Authors: Scotson Callum P. , van Veelen Arjen , Williams Katherine A. , Koebernick Nicolai , McKay Fletcher Dan , Roose Tiina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aims
We sought to develop a novel experimental system which enabled application of iodinated contrast media to in vivo plant roots intact in soil and was compatible with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray computed tomography imaging. The system was developed to overcome issues of low contrast to noise within X-ray computed tomography images of plant roots and soil environments, the latter of which can complicate image processing and result in the loss of anatomical information.

Methods
To demonstrate the efficacy of the system we employ the novel use of both synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping to capture the translocation of the contrast media through root vasculature into the leaves.

Results
With the application of contrast media we identify fluid flow in root vasculature and visualise anatomical features, which are otherwise often only observable in ex vivo microscopy, including: the xylem, metaxylem, pith, fibres in aerenchyma and leaf venation. We are also able to observe interactions between aerenchyma cross sectional area and solute transport in the root vasculature with depth.

Conclusions
Our novel system was capable of successfully delivering sufficient contrast media into root and leaf tissues such that anatomical features could be visualised and internal fluid transport observed. We propose that our system could be used in future to study internal plant transport mechanisms and parameterise models for fluid flow in plants.
Robust inference in risk elicitation tasks
Authors: Andersson Ola , Holm Håkan J. , Tyran Jean-Robert , Wengström Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent experimental evidence suggests that noisy behavior correlates strongly with personal characteristics. Since decision noise leads to bias in most elicitation tasks, there is a risk of falsely interpreting noise-driven relationships as preference driven. This puts previous studies that found a negative relation between personality measures and risk aversion into perspective and in particular raises the question of how to achieve robust inference in this domain. This paper shows, by way of an economic experiment with subjects from all walks of life, that using structural estimation to model heterogeneity of noise in combination with a balanced design allows us to mitigate the bias problem. Our estimations show that cognitive ability is related to noisy behavior rather than risk preferences. We also find age and education to be strongly related to noise, but the personality characteristics obtained using the Big Five inventory are less related to noise and more robustly correlated to risk preferences.
Blood Pressure Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gąsecki Dariusz , Kwarciany Mariusz , Kowalczyk Kamil , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Karaszewski Bartosz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewAbrupt blood pressure (BP) rise is the most common clinical symptom of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, BP alterations during AIS reflect many diverse mechanisms, both stroke-related and nonspecific epiphenomena, which change over time and across patients. While extremes of BP as well as high BP variability have been related with worse outcomes in observational studies, optimal BP management after AIS remains challenging.Recent FindingsThis review discusses the complexity of the factors linking BP changes to the clinical outcomes of patients with AIS, depending on the treatment strategy and local vessel status and, in particular, the degree of reperfusion achieved. The evidence for possible additional clinical markers, including the presence of arterial hypertension, and comorbid organ dysfunction in individuals with AIS, as informative and helpful factors in therapeutic decision-making concerning BP will be reviewed, as well as recent data on neurovascular monitoring targeting person-specific local cerebral perfusion and metabolic demand, instead of the global traditional parameters (BP among others) alone.SummaryThe individualization of BP management protocols based on a complex evaluation of the homeostatic response to focal cerebral ischemia, including but not limited to BP changes, may be a valuable novel goal proposed in AIS, but further trials are warranted.
Understanding permaculturist motivations among residents of the “PermaKulturRaum” in Goettingen, Germany: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Petri Heinrich , Faust Heiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy using an inductive qualitative approach, investigating the micro scale, that is, the individual level, we conducted a case study on the PermaKulturRaum in Goettingen, Germany—an experimental space for students to explore alternative lifedesigns. On the supposition that only a radical transition can achieve sustainability on a global scale, we identified permaculture as an appropriate method to achieve this. However, permaculture is not widely spread and largely ignored by scientific research. We started a first attempt to understand the underlying motivations of permaculturists. Using behavioral studies as our theoretical framework, we found out that behavioral determinants, like biospheric values, green-identity, and the intention to act green were extraordinarily high and that the core of their pro-environmental behavior is most likely their strong intrinsic motivation. Regarding the PermaKulturRaum, we could formulate following theses: (1) a comprehensive implementation of permacultural aspects requires an urge for an alternative lifedesign, (2) a radical lifedesign attracts primarily like-minded people, which creates isolated spaces, (3) early childhood experiences or single key moments are important to trigger a pro-environmental interest.
Do gifts of roses have a lingering fragrance? Evidence from altruistic interventions into adolescents’ subjective well‐being
Authors: Lu Caixia , Liang Lichan , Chen Wenting , Bian Yufang 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionStudies have found that adolescents' subjective well‐being (SWB) shows a downward trend with age. The improvement of adolescents' SWB is therefore an urgent problem. According to previous studies, altruism may be an effective way to improve adolescents' SWB. We conducted an Integrative Educational Intervention of Altruism (IEIA) for the first time to determine whether altruism intervention can effectively improve adolescents’ SWB.MethodsWe conducted an IEIA on adolescents in an experimental group for 14 weeks using pre‐ and post‐test experimental designs with peer groups. The participants were randomly recruited from a junior high school in East China and included 280 Grade 8 students (138 boys and 142 girls; mean age: 14.53 years). Before and after the experiment, the adolescents completed measures of SWB using the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale and Happiness Scale.ResultsFrom the pretest, we found no significant differences in friendship, academic, freedom, school and social satisfaction or positive emotions between the control and experimental groups. However, in the post‐test, the life satisfaction and positive emotions of the experimental group were rated significantly higher than those of the control group. These results show that experimental intervention can effectively improve adolescents’ life satisfaction and positive emotions.ConclusionsAltruistic intervention was identified as an effective way to improve adolescents’ SWB. It is thus necessary to cultivate altruistic environments, to enrich altruistic education programs, and to carry out voluntary services for the benefit of the public. Altruistic adolescents themselves may benefit when helping others.
Sounds Better? Potential Implications of Obscure American Viticultural Areas to Consumers
Authors: Lim Kar H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe American Viticultural Area (AVA) allows designated wine regions to be created, marketed, and protected. But many of the now 248 AVAs may be meaningless to consumers. Are AVAs thus meritless? Can AVAs affect consumers despite low recognition? A choice experiment examines three appellations that are applicable to the same wine: New Jersey, USA; Pilesgrove, New Jersey; and Outer Coastal Plain (OCP)—a New Jersey AVA. The results show that consumers prefer OCP wines over the former alternatives, affirming the marketing potential of AVAs that omit state names. Nevertheless, AVA may have exploited consumers’ lack of information.
Women and Genre in Calpurnius Siculus’Eclogues
Authors: Paraskeviotis George C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article aims to examine the ways in which the Calpurnian text converses with the earlier pastoral tradition focusing on the women identified in the collection. Leaving aside the mythical female figures who are also traced in the collection (e.g. Pales and Venus), this study focuses on all the female characters mentioned by male figures, trying to show that women in theEclogues, among other elements (such as subjects, motifs, intertexts, language and style), constitute a significant means by which Calpurnius shows originality and generic evolution.It is argued that the female characters in Calpurnian pastoral are the erotic objects of the herdsmen and the recipients of their songs and in that sense they recall the pastoral tradition (Greek and Roman) that Calpurnius inherited. What is more, they are central metapoetic elements which show Calpurnius’ metaliterary engagement with gender in a collection that stresses the originality of the Neronian pastoral. Most importantly, however, they incorporate features and elements from other literary genres (mostly from Roman comedy and love elegy) and in that sense they constitute a significant means by which Calpurnius maintains the generic tensions employed by his literary antecedents (i.e. Vergil) and broadens the limits of pastoral.
Knowledge and Power: Perspectives on the Production and Decolonization of African/ist Knowledges
Authors: Grosz-Ngaté Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfrican scholarship on epistemic decolonization and African self-determination has generated reflection and debate among African Studies scholars for several decades. The debate has gained new force in recent years and has resonated in African studies in new ways, prompted in part by political events and social activism around enduring racism. Grosz-Ngaté’s 2019 Presidential Lecture provides an opportunity to reflect further on these issues. It explores questions related to the production and decolonization of knowledge in conversations with colleagues in Mali and Senegal and draws out the implications of these discussions for African Studies Association members and for the Association at large.
Reading alchemically: guides to ‘philosophical’ practice in early modern England
Authors: Rampling Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDozens of early modern treatises claim to offer straightforward instructions on the theory and practice of alchemy, including all the steps necessary to produce the philosophers’ stone and a range of medicinal elixirs. Yet the resulting works often seem to obfuscate more than they explain: omitting vital information, disguising ingredients and practices behind cover names, and describing outcomes that seem, to modern eyes, impossible. Were such ‘instruction manuals’ ever intended to offer guides for actual practice, or did they serve other ends – from attracting patrons to persuading sceptics of the truth of alchemy? Drawing upon alchemical dialogues written, compiled and annotated by English alchemists in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, I argue that these works of ‘philosophical’ alchemy could indeed serve as technical manuals, although not always of the kind we might expect. Such writings offer advice not only on practical techniques, but also on the process of reading alchemically: guiding readers through the exegetical minefield of alchemical writing, in order both to extract meaningful chemical recipes from obscure texts, and to craft the practitioner's own persona as an alchemical philosopher.