bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopsychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary time in adults with severe obesity
Authors: Baillot Aurélie , Black Melissa , Brunet Jennifer , Romain Ahmed J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAdults with severe obesity have poorer health, are less active and spend more time sedentary compared to people with a lower body mass index (BMI). There is a pressing need to understand the factors associated with low physical activity (PA) and excessive sedentary time to develop more effective behaviour change interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to identify biopsychosocial correlates of PA and sedentary time in adults living with severe obesity. Forty‐four adults living with severe obesity (age = 50.5 ± 13.3 years; BMI = 44.3 ± 7.8 kg/m2) completed a survey including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychosocial factors (eg, social physique anxiety [SPA], social support for PA, PA level self‐perception), quality of life, daily pain and self‐reported moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Participants also completed the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) to assess physical fitness and wore an accelerometer to assess objective PA and sedentary time. In stepwise linear multivariate analyses, higher objective MVPA was associated with higher 6MWT distance, being single and lower SPA (R2 = 0.46, P < .001), whereas higher self‐reported MVPA was associated with greater PA level self‐perceptions (R2 = 0.47, P < .001). Greater objective light intensity PA was associated with greater quality of life and self‐efficacy for PA (R2 = 0.26, P = .001). Greater sedentary time was associated with having more comorbidities (R2 = 0.25, P < .001). This study shows that adults living with severe obesity who have more comorbidities, poorer quality of life and/or lower self‐efficacy perception for PA are more likely to be sedentary and to practice less light intensity PA. Additionally, those who were in a relationship, had higher SPA and/or had lower physical fitness practiced less MVPA. Future research is needed to determine causal effects.
Using local ecological knowledge as evidence to guide management: A community‐led harvest calculator for muskoxen in Greenland
Authors: Cuyler Christine , Daniel Colin J. , Enghoff Martin , Levermann Nette , Møller‐Lund Nuka , Hansen Per N. , Damhus Ditlev , Danielsen Finn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndigenous people manage or have tenure rights on over a quarter of the world's land surface. While there is growing interest in “evidence‐based” natural resource management, there are few documented experiences with “evidence‐based” practice in community‐managed lands. We explore the evidence required for decisions about harvesting of a community‐managed muskox herd in Greenland, and the collaboration needed to acquire this evidence. We present the development, application, and outcome of a user‐friendly demographic model—a harvest calculator—and we show how Local Ecological Knowledge was used throughout the process and combined with scientific knowledge. The community members identified suitable harvest scenarios with the use of the calculator. The calculator's predictions corresponded with their own perceptions of declining numbers of muskox bulls and suggested that reversal was possible under an alternative harvest scenario. As a result, the community members used the findings to request a revised muskox harvest quota, which gained immediate approval by the government. We draw on our experience to propose where community‐led harvest calculators can be useful. Community‐led harvest calculators can help indigenous and local communities develop economically within environmentally sustainable limits, while at the same time providing community members a “voice” in natural resource governance. An effective local management regime will require the sustained application of this tool.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging is a predictor of bimanual performance and executive function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Crichton Alison , Ditchfield Michael , Gwini Stellamay , Wallen Margaret , Thorley Megan , Bracken Jenny , Harvey Adrienne , Elliott Catherine , Novak Iona , Hoare Brian 
Published: January 2020

AimTo examine the association between brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and executive function and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodClinical MRI brain scans were classified as: (1) predominant pathological pattern (normal, white matter injury [WMI]; grey matter injury; focal vascular insults [FVI]; malformations; or miscellaneous); and (2) focal lesions (frontal, basal ganglia, and/or thalamus). Assessments included: (1) bimanual performance; (2) unimanual dexterity; and (3) executive function tasks (information processing, attention control, cognitive flexibility, and goal setting) and behavioural ratings (parent).ResultsFrom 131 recruited children, 60 were ineligible for analysis, leaving 71 children (47 males, 24 females) in the final sample (mean age 9y [SD 2y], 6y–12y 8mo). Brain MRIs were WMI (69%) and FVI (31%); and frontal (59%), thalamic (45%), basal ganglia (37%), and basal ganglia plus thalamic (21%). Bimanual performance was lower in FVI versus WMI (p<0.003), and with frontal (p=0.36), basal ganglia (p=0.032), and thalamic/basal ganglia lesions (p=0.013). Other than information processing, executive function tasks were not associated with predominant pattern. Frontal lesions predicted attention control (p=0.049) and cognitive flexibility (p=0.009) but not goal setting, information processing, or behavioural ratings.InterpretationClinical brain MRI predicts cognitive and motor outcomes when focal lesions and predominate lesion patterns are considered.What this paper adds

Early brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predicts bimanual performance and cognitive outcomes.

Brain MRI may identify children requiring targeted interventions.

Basal ganglia with/without thalamic lesions predicted bimanual performance.

Frontal lesions were associated with attention control and cognitive flexibility.

Brain MRI predominant patterns predicted motor, not cognitive outcomes, other than information processing.
Comparison of attitudes towards persons with dementia, knowledge of dementia and ageism amongst students in Taiwan and Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Akifusa Sumio , Liu Hsiu‐Yueh , Huang Mao‐Suan , Funahara Madoka , Izumi Maya , Harada Kazuaki , Shono Yasuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare the attitudes towards people with dementia, knowledge of dementia and ageism amongst Taiwanese and Japanese dental hygiene students.Material and MethodsA total of 328 students participated in this cross‐sectional study. Attitudes, knowledge and ageism were assessed using self‐reports. Participants’ association with older adults or persons with dementia was also assessed. Primary outcomes included attitude, knowledge and ageism amongst students. Secondary outcomes were the factors related to their desire to work with persons with dementia.ResultsData of 175 Taiwanese and 91 Japanese students were analysed. There were significantly more Japanese (69.2%) than Taiwanese (33.2%) students without experience of cohabitation with older adults. More Taiwanese (45.1%) than Japanese students (30.8%) gave a neutral answer regarding their desire to work with persons with dementia. Japanese students scored significantly higher on the attitude and ageism scales than did Taiwanese students; however, the scores of knowledge assessment were approximately the same. Attitude or ageism did not correlate with knowledge amongst students from either country. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the desire to work with persons having dementia was related to ageism and the relationship with these people, irrespective of country.ConclusionAlthough the students had comparable levels of knowledge, there existed significant difference in the attitudes and the degree of ageism between students from Taiwan vs Japan. This finding may prompt improvement of education on dementia, where differences in nationality and lifestyle, including the rate of ageing and family structure, are taken into consideration.
Elucidating the role of protein synthesis in hippocampus‐dependent memory consolidation across the day and night
Authors: Raven Frank , Bolsius Youri G. , van Renssen Lara V. , Meijer Elroy L. , van der Zee Eddy A. , Meerlo Peter , Havekes Robbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that de novo protein synthesis is crucial for the formation and consolidation of long‐term memories. While the basal activity of many signaling cascades that modulate protein synthesis fluctuates in a circadian fashion, it is unclear whether the temporal dynamics of protein synthesis‐dependent memory consolidation vary depending on the time of day. More specifically, it is unclear whether protein synthesis inhibition affects hippocampus‐dependent memory consolidation in rodents differentially across the day (i.e., the inactive phase with an abundance of sleep) and night (i.e., the active phase with little sleep). To address this question, male and female C57Bl6/J mice were trained in a contextual fear conditioning task at the beginning or the end of the light phase. Animals received a single systemic injection with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin or vehicle directly, 4, 8 hr, or 11.5 hr following training, and memory was assessed after 24 hr. Here, we show that protein synthesis inhibition impaired the consolidation of context–fear memories selectively when the protein synthesis inhibitor was administered at the first three time points, irrespective of timing of training. Even though the basal activity of signaling pathways regulating de novo protein synthesis may fluctuate across the 24‐hr cycle, these results suggest that the temporal dynamics of protein synthesis‐dependent memory consolidation are similar for day‐time and night‐time learning.
Global warming and chromosomal inversion adaptation in isolated islands:Drosophila subobscurapopulations from Madeira
Authors: Madrenas Raquel , Balanyà Joan , Arenas Concepció , Khadem Manhaz , Mestres Francesc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal warming is an environmental phenomenon to which species must adapt to survive.Drosophila subobscurapresents an adaptive capacity due to its chromosomal inversion polymorphism. Until now, the impact of global warming on this polymorphism has been studied inD. subobscurapopulations located either on a continental mainland or on islands not far from a continent. In this context, gene flow could be a relevant mechanism allowing the movement of thermally adapted inversions between populations. Our aim was to sample and study the chromosomal polymorphism on Madeira, a small isolated island in the Atlantic Ocean. We compared our findings with those reported in the same location approximately four and five decades ago. Moreover, we studied whether global warming has occurred on this island by analyzing mean, maximum and minimum temperatures over a 55‐year period. All atmospheric parameters have increased significantly, consistent with climate change expectations. Frequencies and chromosomal thermal index values of thermal adapted inversions remained quite stable over years. Furthermore, J, U and O chromosomes are almost fixed for “warm” adapted inversions. Thus, if there is little genetic variability remaining and temperatures continue increasing, island populations ofD. subobscuramight be on the threshold of endangerment. However, apart from selection, genetic drift and inbreeding, other processes, such as phenotypic plasticity or thermoregulatory behavior, could be involved in the survival of the species’ populations. Finally, although in danger,D. subobscurais a generalist that lives in humanized environments, and this fact could favor its persistence on Madeira Island.
White Daughter of Empire
Authors: Durber Susan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a white British woman, drawing on a Pilgrim Team Visit to Bangladesh in 2019, I reflect on racism, Empire, and white privilege and on how my eyes have been opened to the history that has shaped me, the wider world, and the Christian faith I have inherited. Through personal memoir, critical reflection on experience, and academic reading, I confront how racism, as a combination of power and prejudice, provides the lens through which I see the world, as a white British woman, and how experience and faith must both challenge and redeem.
The Liberating Awareness
Authors: do Nascimento Cunha Magali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to reflect on the search for racial justice as a call from God, using biblical readings and documents produced by the World Council of Churches (WCC). It is anchored in the increasingly intense challenges that emerge in this respect in Brazil, a country whose Indigenous peoples were annihilated in its colonization process, and which up until the 19th century received the largest flow of enslaved Africans in the world. The article combines the Latin American methodology “See, Judge, Act” with the theological methodology of the WCC's Pilgrimage of Justice and Peace and its three steps: “Celebrating Gifts,” “Visiting the Wounds,” and “Transforming Injustice.” The first part of the paper reflects the “See” and exposes the expressions of everyday racism in Brazil. The second part presents the “Judge,” seeking references to the challenge of racial justice in the Bible and in ecumenical reflection. The third and final section, “Act,” reflects on the possibility for transforming racial injustices, sharing experiences from Brazil as well as one of the Pilgrim Team Visits organized by the WCC in 2019.
“Now We Will Have the Dalit Perspective”
Authors: Peacock Philip Vinod 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to resolve the present impasse within Dalit theology generated by an overreliance on and undertheorizing of the question of Dalit identity. It argues that the implicit location of Dalit theology as a theology of identity does a disservice to Dalit theology itself. Rather, what is needed is to nuance the question of Dalit identity and then flesh out what we mean when we speak of “the Dalit perspective.” Key to doing this is to reconceptualize Dalit identity as a fluid identity: that is, an identity that both destabilizes and allows for the assemblage of alliances among all afflicted.
Banks' home bias in government bond holdings: Will banks in low‐rated countries invest in European safe bonds (ESBies)?
Authors: Dermine Jean 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper offers two new explanations for banks' home bias in government bond holdings: a sovereign‐based rating cap on corporates and the existence of a ‘bank tax.’ These are complementary to the four explanations offered in the literature: risk‐shifting, gambling for resurrection, moral suasion, and a means to store liquidity for financing future investment. Collectively, they cast doubt on the European Union's demand‐led approach to investment in European safe bonds (ESBies) by banks in low‐rated countries. Bank regulations such as constraints on large exposure or risk‐based capital on credit risk concentration will be needed if the objective is to break the so‐called ‘deadly embrace.’
Communicating cancer risk in the primary care consultation when using a cancer risk assessment tool: Qualitative study with service users and practitioners
Authors: Akanuwe Joseph N. A. , Black Sharon , Owen Sara , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer risk assessment tools are designed to help detect cancer risk in symptomatic individuals presenting to primary care. An early detection of cancer risk could mean early referral for investigations, diagnosis and treatment, helping to address late diagnosis of cancer. It is not clear how best cancer risk may be communicated to patients when using a cancer risk assessment tool to assess their risk of developing cancer.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the perspectives of service users and primary care practitioners on communicating cancer risk information to patients, when using QCancer, a cancer risk assessment tool.DesignA qualitative study involving the use of individual interviews and focus groups.Setting and participantsConducted in primary care settings in Lincolnshire with a convenience sample of 36 participants (19 service users who were members of the public) and 17 primary care practitioners (general practitioners and practice nurses).ResultsParticipants suggested ways to improve communication of cancer risk information: personalizing risk information; involving patients in use of the tool; sharing risk information openly; and providing sufficient time when using the tool during consultations.ConclusionCommunication of cancer risk information is complex and difficult. We identified strategies for improving communication with patients involving cancer risk estimations in primary care consultations.
Patients' experiences of the caring encounter with the psychiatric emergency response team in the emergency medical service—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Lindström Veronica , Sturesson Lars , Carlborg Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMental illnesses are increasing in the population; consequently, the number of psychiatric emergencies handled by the emergency medical services (EMS) has also increased. Alternative response systems have been developed and evaluated, but there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the patients' experiences of being cared for in the EMS by a psychiatric emergency response unit (In Swedish: Psykiatrisk Akut Mobilitet [PAM]).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore patients' experiences of the caring encounter with the PAM team.DesignA qualitative study design with 14 patients' interviews and content analysis was used.ResultsThe patients expressed that the PAM team created a safe environment and actively involved the patient in their care by creating an open and safe place for dialogue. In this safe environment, the patients described how they participated in the decision making and received care without fear of being dismissed, ignored or judged.Discussion and ConclusionThe patients' experiences of being cared for by the PAM team show that person‐centred care was achieved by involving the patients in their own care. This participation was possible because mutual trust and confidence existed, and the patients acknowledged the specialist response unit to be a valuable part of the EMS. However, further studies are needed to explore whether the PAM as a response unit in the EMS decreases the risk of suicide and to examine different health economic aspects of using PAM in the EMS.
Improving the quality of care for people who had a stroke in a low‐/middle‐income country: A qualitative analysis of health‐care professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Baatiema Leonard , de‐Graft Aikins Ama , Sarfo Fred S. , Abimbola Seye , Ganle John K. , Somerset Shawn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEfforts to improve the adoption of evidence‐based interventions for optimal patient outcomes in low‐/middle‐income countries (LMICs) are persistently hampered by a plethora of barriers. Yet, little is known about strategies to address such barriers to improve quality stroke care. This study seeks to explore health professionals’ views on strategies to improve quality stroke care for people who had a stroke in a LMIC.MethodsA qualitative interview study design was adopted. A semi‐structured interview guide was used to conduct in‐depth interviews among forty stroke care providers in major referral centres in Ghana. Participants were from nursing, medical, specialist and allied health professional groups. A purposive sample was recruited to share their views on practical strategies to improve quality stroke care in clinical settings. A thematic analysis approach was utilized to inductively analyse the data.ResultsA number of overarching themes of strategies to improve quality stroke care were identified: computerization and digitization of medical practice, allocation of adequate resources, increase the human resource capacity to deliver stroke care, development of clinical guideline/treatment protocols, institutionalization of multidisciplinary care and professional development opportunities. These strategies were however differentially prioritized among different categories of stroke care providers.ConclusionClosing the gap between existing knowledge on how to improve quality of stroke care in LMICs has the potential to be successful if unique and context‐specific measures from the views of stroke care providers are considered in developing quality improvement strategies and health systems and policy reforms. However, for optimal outcomes, further research into the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategies by stroke care providers is needed.
Corrosion mechanism of MgO‐C bricks used as linings in a vanadium extraction converter
Authors: Huang Weijun , Liu Yajing , Chen Min , Wang Nan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo extend the service life of MgO‐C bricks used as linings in vanadium extraction converters, their corrosion mechanism was investigated using stationary immersion and rotary crucible methods at 1673 K. The effects of oxides in vanadium slag were studied using the slag invasion method. The results showed that a decarburization layer was formed but was not effectively sintered under vanadium extraction conditions, resulting in it having a loose structure and poor binding strength. When slag‐splashing technology was applied to protect the converter, the decarburization layer and slag‐splashing layer easily fell off due to scouring by the molten pool. Consequently, the poor strength of the decarburization layer was the main reason for the poor anti‐erosion performance of the MgO‐C bricks and the weak effect of slag‐splashing technology. In addition, higher contents of SiO2 and TiO2 in vanadium slag could form low melting point compounds and increase the thickness of the decarburization layer, thereby accelerating the MgO‐C brick corrosion rate. Higher contents of FeO in the vanadium slag not only formed low melting point compounds but also caused a decarburization reaction with the MgO‐C bricks. However, with increases of V2O3 in the slag, the formation of high melting point compounds decreased the corrosion rate and corrosion depths.
Glass as a joining material for ceramic matrix composites: 25 years of research at Politecnico di Torino
Authors: Ferraris Monica , Casalegno Valentina , Smeacetto Federico , Salvo Milena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA revision and update about the research activity done in the past 25 years at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) on design and testing of glasses and glass‐ceramics for the joining of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) will be presented and discussed. The “glass‐ceramic method” to obtain a thermo‐mechanically stable joint starting from a glass will be detailed with some examples. Several new glass compositions will be presented together with their characterization and behavior as joining materials for oxide‐based and nonoxide‐based CMC.