bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Antibiotic‐Loaded Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composites Is Dependent on Adsorbability for Treating Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Rats
Authors: Egawa Satoru , Hirai Keigo , Matsumoto Rempei , Yoshii Toshitaka , Yuasa Masato , Okawa Atsushi , Sugo Ken , Sotome Shinichi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTOsteomyelitis remains one of the most challenging disorders for orthopedic doctors despite the advancement of therapeutic techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of local antibiotic administration using hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) as a drug delivery system. We hypothesized that higher adsorbability of antibiotics onto HAp/Col will result in more efficacious activity and therefore, treatment of osteomyelitis. Eight antibiotics were examined in this study: amikacin, cefazolin, cefotiam, daptomycin, minocycline, piperacillin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Aligning with their adsorbability onto HAp/Col, minocycline, teicoplanin, and vancomycin showed antibacterial effects up to 14 days after subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats; while antibiotics with reduced adsorbability (cefazolin, cefotiam, piperacillin) had diminished antibacterial effects. Furthermore, when implanted into a rat femur, vancomycin levels from the Hap/Col were detected in the medullary space above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus for 7 days, while cefazolin levels were undetectable. Aligning with these results, implantation of Hap/Col impregnated with vancomycin to the femur in an acute osteomyelitis rat model had a greater therapeutic effect than cefazolin, as measured by the number of bacteria, the extent of bone destruction, and bone regeneration. These results indicated that the adsorbability of antibiotics onto their carrier is important when locally administered and that HAp/Col scaffolds might be a useful antibiotic delivery system for osteomyelitis. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:843‐851, 2020
In Vivo Pelvic and Hip Joint Kinematics in Patients With Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Dual Fluoroscopy Study
Authors: Atkins Penny R. , Fiorentino Niccolo M. , Hartle Joseph A. , Aoki Stephen K. , Peters Christopher L. , Foreman K. Bo , Anderson Andrew. E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFemoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) may alter the kinematic function of the hip, resulting in pain and tissue damage. Previous motion analysis studies of FAIS have employed skin markers, which are prone to soft tissue artifact and inaccurate calculation of the hip joint center. This may explain why the evidence linking FAIS with deleterious kinematics is contradictory. The purpose of this study was to employ dual fluoroscopy (DF) to quantify in vivo kinematics of patients with cam FAIS relative to asymptomatic, morphologically normal control participants during various activities. Eleven asymptomatic, morphologically normal controls and seven patients with cam FAIS were imaged with DF during standing, level walking, incline walking, and functional range of motion activities. Model‐based tracking calculated the kinematic position of the hip by registering projections of three‐dimensional computed tomography models with DF images. Patients with FAIS stood with their hip extended (mean [95% confidence interval], −2.2 [−7.4, 3.1]°, flexion positive), whereas controls were flexed (5.3 [2.6, 8.0]°; p = 0.013). Male patients with cam FAIS had less peak internal rotation than the male control participants during self‐selected speed level‐walking (−0.2 [−6.5, 6.1]° vs. −9.8 [−12.2, −7.3]°; p = 0.007) and less anterior pelvic tilt at heel‐strike of incline (5°) walking (3.4 [−1.0, −7.9]° vs. 9.8 [6.4, 13.2]°; p = 0.032). Even during submaximal range of motion activities, such as incline walking, patients may alter pelvic motion to avoid positions that approximate the cam lesion and the acetabular labrum. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:823‐833, 2020
Biofilm Producing Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP62A Strain) Inhibits Osseous Integration Without Osteolysis and Histopathology in a Murine Septic Implant Model
Authors: Tomizawa Takuya , Ishikawa Masahiro , Bello‐Irizarry Sheila N. , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Ito Hiromu , Kates Stephen L. , Daiss John L. , Beck Christopher , Matsuda Shuichi , Schwarz Edward M. , Nishitani Kohei 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDespite its presence in orthopaedic infections, Staphylococcus epidermidis's ability to directly induce inflammation and bone destruction is unknown. Thus, we compared a clinical strain of methicillin‐resistant biofilm‐producing S. epidermidis (RP62A) to a highly virulent and osteolytic strain of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) in an established murine implant‐associated osteomyelitis model. Bacterial burden was assessed by colony forming units (CFUs), tissue damage was assessed by histology and micro‐computed tomography, biofilm was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), host gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and osseous integration was assessed via biomechanical push‐out test. While CFUs were recovered from RP62A‐contaminated implants and surrounding tissues after 14 days, the bacterial burden was significantly less than USA300‐infected tibiae (p < 0.001). In addition, RP62A failed to produce any of the gross pathologies induced by USA300 (osteolysis, reactive bone formation, Staphylococcus abscess communities, marrow necrosis, and biofilm). However, fibrous tissue was present at the implant‐host interface, and rigorous SEM confirmed the rare presence of cocci on RP62A‐contaminated implants. Gene expression studies revealed that IL‐1β, IL‐6, RANKL, and TLR‐2 mRNA levels in RP62A‐infected bone were increased versus Sterile controls. Ex vivo push‐out testing showed that RP62A‐infected implants required significantly less force compared with the Sterile group (7.5 ± 3.4 vs. 17.3 ± 4.1 N; p < 0.001), but required 10‐fold greater force than USA300‐infected implants (0.7 ± 0.3 N; p < 0.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that S. epidermidis is a commensal pathogen whose mechanisms to inhibit osseous integration are limited to minimal biofilm formation on the implant, and low‐grade inflammation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:852‐860, 2020
Early Growth Response Genes Increases Rapidly After Mechanical Overloading and Unloading in Tendon Constructs
Authors: Herchenhan Andreas , Dietrich‐Zagonel Franciele , Schjerling Peter , Kjær Michael , Eliasson Pernilla 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTTendon cells exist in a dense extracellular matrix and mechanical loading is important for the strength development of this matrix. We therefore use a three‐dimensional (3D) culture system for tendon formation in vitro. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the temporal expression of tendon‐related genes during the formation of artificial tendons in vitro and to investigate if early growth response‐1 (EGR1), EGR2, FOS, and cyclooxygenase‐1 and ‐2 (PTGS1 and PTGS2) are sensitive to mechanical loading. First, we studied messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of several tendon‐related genes during formation of tendon constructs. Second, we studied the mRNA levels of, for example, EGR1 and EGR2 after different degrees of loading; dynamic physiologic‐range loading (2.5% strain), dynamic overloading (approximately 10% strain), or tension release. The gene expression for tendon‐related genes (i.e., EGR2, MKX, TNMD, COL3A1) increased with time after seeding into this 3D model. EGR1, EGR2, FOS, PTGS1, and PTGS2 did not respond to physiologic‐range loading. But overloading (and tension release) lead to elevated levels of EGR1 and EGR2 (p ≤ 0.006). FOS and PTGS2 were increased after overloading (both p < 0.007) but not after tension release (p = 0.06 and 0.08). In conclusion, the expression of tendon‐related genes increases during the formation of artificial tendons in vitro, including EGR2. Furthermore, the gene expression of EGR1 and EGR2 in human tendon cells appear to be sensitive to overloading and unloading but did not respond to the single episode of physiologic‐range loading. These findings could be helpful for the understanding of tendon tensional homeostasis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:173–181, 2020
Effect of gingival phenotype on the maintenance of periodontal health: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review
Authors: Kim David M. , Bassir Seyed Hossein , Nguyen Thomas T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and bone morphotype are three important parameters used to categorize periodontal phenotypes. These elements all play an important role in the maintenance of periodontal health. The aim of this review is to explore the importance of converting thin phenotype into a thick phenotype for periodontal health maintenance.MethodsThree clinically relevant focused questions were defined to understand the role of gingival phenotype around teeth. 1) What are the factors affecting gingival phenotype (e.g., age, sex, dental arch, race, crown forms, etc.)? 2) Is there a difference between thin versus thick gingival phenotype in terms of gingival health? 3) Does the conversion of gingivae from a thin to thick gingival phenotype in sites without mucogingival defects help with periodontal health maintenance?ResultsExtensive electronic and manual literature search identified a total of 1,129 citations. After title, abstract, and full‐text screenings, 30 articles were included in the present review. Twenty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria and provided data for focused question 1. It was found that periodontal phenotype varies among different individuals and different areas of the mouth within the same individual. Asian individuals tend to have thinner gingival phenotype compared with white subjects. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the focused question 2. Prevalence and severity of gingival recession was higher at the sites with thin gingiva compared with the sites with thicker gingiva. No studies provided data for focused question 3.ConclusionsAvailable evidence indicates that subjects with thin and narrow gingiva tend to have more gingival recession compared with those with thick and wide gingiva. Currently, there is no published evidence to support conversion of thin to thick gingival phenotype in sites without gingival recession or mucogingival deformity.
Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl methacrylate/N‐vinylcaprolactam) for selective extraction of imatinib mesylate in human biological fluid
Authors: Kazemi Atefeh , Ahmad Panahi Homayon , Safaeijavan Raheleh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of a molecularly imprinted polymer as a selective packing material for the solid‐phase extraction of imatinib mesylate sorption was investigated. The molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a cross‐linker agent, N‐vinylcaprolactam as a thermo‐sensitive monomer, 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate as functional monomers, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and imatinib mesylate as a template. The drug‐imprinted polymer was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that this polymer can be used for determination of trace levels of imatinib mesylate with a recovery percentage that could reach over 90%. Furthermore, the synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer indicated higher selectivity towards imatinib mesylate than other compounds. From isotherm study, the equilibrium adsorption data of imatinib mesylate by imprinted polymer were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The developed method was used for determination of imatinib mesylate in human fluid samples by high performance liquid chromatography with excellent results.
Chromatography: An important tool for drug discovery
Authors: Ahmad Dar Alamgir , Sangwan P.L. , Kumar Anil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite substantial developments of extraction and separation techniques, isolation of natural products from natural sources is still a challenging task. Undoubtedly hybrid methods like liquid chromatography with NMR spectroscopy or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry made on‐line structure elucidation possible and provided impressive examples of natural product identification without prior isolation, however, in many cases the necessity to get the purified compounds in hand is still a fact. The process begins with the collection of desired plant material which is subjected to the suitable extraction process. The complex crude extracts are then monitored by various chromatographic procedures to separate and quantify the desired compounds. The active plant extracts are then fractionated to isolate the bioactive compounds in their pure form. The fully identified compound is used as a lead for the production of related analogues to modulate the biological activity and to carry out structure‐activity relationship. The major isolated bioactive compound is used for semi‐synthetic modification or total synthesis should be carried out such that it is relatively easy to modify the structure of the lead compound. This is a simple and cost‐effective way to increase the chance to discover lead compounds. The biological activity in vitro and in vivo has to be done after purification.
The current response of soil thermal regime and carbon exchange of a paraglacial coastal land system in maritime Antarctica
Authors: Thomazini André , Francelino Márcio Rocha , Pereira Antonio Batista , Schünemann Adriano Luis , Mendonça Eduardo de Sá , Michel Roberto Ferreira Machado , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIce‐free areas of maritime Antarctica (MA) are undergoing rapid environmental adjustment due to climate change because glaciers retreated. In recently deglaciated areas, sensitive indicators related to soil can be used as proxies of the transition phase from glacial to nonglacial conditions at paraglacial coastal systems. This work aims at comprehending how paraglacial coastal land systems respond to adjustment processes in highly dynamic deglaciated areas, based on net ecosystem exchange, soil temperature (ST), and soil moisture (SM) temporal series in two different vegetation communities on a paraglacial coastal land system in MA. We selected a moss community (MC) and a mixed community with mosses and lichens (MLC). MC is located on a hydromorphic area with buffered ST regime, compared with MLC, where greater SM variation range and freezing conditions were observed. MC and MLC are currently acting as an atmospheric CO2 sink. In this work, MC showed a greater capacity of CO2 uptake during measurements (711.20 g CO2 m−2). In this part of Antarctica, where a recent trend of decreasing ST occurs, less permafrost and surface land degradation, combined with enhanced carbon storage, are expected. However, in the long term, following the readjustment of the paraglacial period, thawing is expected, coupled with permafrost degradation and carbon release to the atmosphere, under the predicted warming scenario in MA.
Exploring soil amendment strategies with polyacrylamide to improve soil health and oat productivity in a dryland farming ecosystem: One‐time versus repeated annual application
Authors: Ma Bin , Ma Bao‐Luo , McLaughlin Neil B. , Mi Junzhen , Yang Yanming , Liu Jinghui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDegraded lands resulting from human and natural causes are widespread in arid and semiarid regions throughout the world. Polyacrylamide (PAM) soil amendments are increasingly used to remediate these degraded lands with the potential benefits on soil health and crop production. However, the scientific evidence of farm‐scale use of one‐time versus repeated application of PAM has not been reported. The specific objective of this research was to determine the effects of single versus multiple annual PAM application on (a) the dynamic changes in soil quality parameters and (b) oat crop productivity indicators in a dryland farming ecosystem. Our data illustrated that multiple years of annual application of PAM significantly increased soil profile water storage, whereas it reduced soil bulk density and electrical conductivity in the top (0–20 cm) and deeper layers (20–60 cm) over those for the control or single PAM application. The improved soil microecological environments led to increased activities of soil enzymes urease (up to 106%), invertase (94%), and catalase (45%). These in turn promoted soil nutrient turnover and availability (e.g., 76% higher soil alkaline N) and crop growth leading to the improvement in grain protein (up to 31%), protein yield (58%), and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (20%), than did the control treatment. Taken together, these soil and crop performance indicators suggest that repeated annual PAM application for a minimum of 2–3 years would be an effective strategy to combat drought and land degradation and foster sustainable crop production in dryland agriculture under a changing climate scenario.
Thyroid lobe size predicts risk of postoperative temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
Authors: Tsuzuki Nobuyoshi , Wasano Koichiro , Kawasaki Taiji , Sasaki Shun‐ichi , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in Japan for benign tumor, we determined whether thyroid lobe size correlates with temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (T‐RLNP).MethodsWe retrospectively collected medical record data on usage of intraoperative neuromonitoring, laterality of thyroidectomy, amount of bleeding during surgery, duration of surgery, and whether the surgeon was a board certified otorhinolaryngologist as determined by the Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngological Society of Japan. Thyroid size was measured in preoperative axial computed tomography (CT) images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the thyroid size that predicted a high risk of T‐RLNP or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (P‐RLNP).ResultsOf the 146 eligible patients identified, 9 (6.2%) developed T‐RLNP and 2 (1.4%) developed P‐RLNP. The amount of bleeding during thyroidectomy was significantly greater in T‐RLNP patients than in P‐RLNP patients. Thyroid sizes in CT images were significantly larger in T‐RLNP patients compared to patients who did not develop RLNP (referred to hereafter as N‐RLNP). ROC analysis revealed that 1.3% of thyroid lobes with an area of less than 1000.0 mm2, and 9.9% of thyroid lobes with an area of greater than 1000.0 mm2 were at risk for T‐RLNP.ConclusionWe presented evidence that thyroid sizes, as measured on preoperative axial CT images, were larger in T‐RLNP patients than in N‐RLNP patients. Our results indicate a connection between benign thyroid tumor stretch injuries and T‐RLNP.Level of EvidenceIV.
Accounting for seasonal and composition‐related variability in acoustic material properties in estimating copepod and krill target strength
Authors: Sakinan Serdar , Lawson Gareth L. , Wiebe Peter H. , Chu Dezhang , Copley Nancy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEstimation of abundance or biomass, using acoustic techniques requires knowledge of the frequency dependent acoustic backscatter characteristics, or target strength, of organisms. Target strength of zooplankton is typically estimated from physics‐based models that involve multiple parameters, notably including the acoustic material properties (i.e., the contrasts in density and sound speed between the animal and surrounding seawater). In this work, variability in the acoustic material properties of two zooplankton species in the Gulf of Maine, the copepod (Calanus finmarchicus) and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), was investigated relative to changing season as well as, for the copepod, temperature and depth. Increases in the density and sound speed contrasts of these species from fall to spring were observed. Target strength predictions based on these measurements varied between fall and spring by 2‐3 dB in krill. Measurements were also conducted on C. finmarchicus lipid extract at changing temperature and pressure. The density contrast of the extract varied negatively with temperature, while the sound speed contrast changed by more than 10 % over the temperature and pressure ranges that the organism expected to occupy. C. finmarchicus target strength predictions showed that the combined effect of temperature and pressure can be significant (more than 10 dB) due to the varying response of lipids. The large vertical migration ranges and lipid accumulation characteristics of these species (e.g., the diapause behaviour of Calanus copepods) suggest that it is necessary for seasonal and environmental variability in material properties to be taken into account to achieve reliable measurements.
Vanishing for Hodge ideals on toric varieties
Authors: Dutta Yajnaseni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article we construct a Koszul‐type resolution of the exterior power of the sheaf of holomorphic differential forms on smooth toric varieties and use this to prove a Nadel‐type vanishing theorem for Hodge ideals associated to effective ‐divisors on smooth projective toric varieties. This extends earlier results of Mustaţă and Popa.
Lab‐on‐a‐Chip for hydrogen sulphide detection—Part II: Integrated with screen‐printed electrode
Authors: Baniya Ashok , Thapa Suvhashis , Borquist Eric , Bailey Davis , Wood Deborah , Kevil Chris , Arumugam Prabhu , Weiss Leland 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe measurement of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has held the attention of the analytical community due to its unique physiological and pathophysiological roles in biological systems. This work reports fabrication and characterization of screen‐printed electrode (SPE) integrated lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOAC) for H2S detection. The device has been designed to detect all forms of H2S present in the plasma; however, current work is a proof of concept of device operation for free sulphide. The device consists of three distinct layers for H2S separation and SPE to detect H2S. It operates with pH‐dependent liberation and trapping from samples introduced. The first layer, the releasing layer, consists of a releasing chamber for the liberation of H2S. The second layer, a silicone membrane, is where gas diffuses from the sample layer to the third layer. The third layer, the trapping layer, is integrated with SPE to determine the concentration of H2S. The device uses an electrochemical technique. First, electrode performances are tested on the cell vial to establish suitability for subsequent LOAC incorporation. Common metal electrodes are compared with boron‐doped ultra‐nano‐crystalline diamond (BDUNCD) electrode and SPE. The range of detection, detection limit, and sensitivity of the electrode are characterized. In conclusion, a proof of concept of an electrochemical sensing of H2S in a LOAC is reported. The device is portable, robust and can easily be fabricated. Transfer data indicated that 10% sulphide detected into the trapping chamber in a reproducible manner at 20 min. The SPE integrated LOAC shows a huge advantage over conventional techniques.