bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent external validation of a nomogram to define risk categories for a significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Bajalia Essa M , Myers Amanda A , Haehn Daniela A , Kahn Amanda E , Ball Colleen T , Thiel David D 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo validate the Martini nomogram predicting the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy.MethodsEstimated glomerular filtration rate of 406 patients from a single surgeon series was calculated before robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy and at postoperative intervals. To determine the risk group, we calculated the total score and corresponding risk of significant estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction at 15 months using the Martini nomogram. The primary outcome was a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥25% from preoperative levels between 1 and 12 months after surgery.ResultsThe median length of follow up for this study was 12 months (interquartile range 6–12 months). Overall, 134 (33%) patients were in the low‐, 143 (35%) in the intermediate‐, 119 (29%) in the high‐ and 10 (2%) in the very high‐risk groups. The Kaplan–Meier estimates for the probability of significant estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction by 12 months after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy was 12.9% in the low‐risk group, 24.0% in the intermediate‐risk group, 49.7% in the high‐risk group and 40.0% in the very high‐risk group. Harrell’s C‐index for discriminating between those with and without a significant reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate 1–12 months after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.78).ConclusionsThe risk groups proposed by the Martini nomogram are accurate in predicting those at higher risk for a >25% decline in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy at 12 months.
Musculoskeletal immune‐related adverse events with the use of checkpoint inhibitors in malignancy
Authors: Dey Abhishikta , Manolios Nicholas , Long Georgina V. , Carlino Matteo S. , Kefford Richard , Schrieber Leslie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of many malignancies. Along with their success, there have been inflammatory and immune‐related adverse events (irAE). There is a paucity of literature describing the Australian experience of rheumatic irAE.AimsTo describe and characterise the Royal North Shore Hospital and Westmead Hospital cohort with rheumatic irAE.MethodsThis case series reports on 17 patients with advanced cancer treated at two sites in Sydney, Australia who were referred for rheumatological evaluation from 2013 to 2016. Data were collected retrospectively and inspected for clinical signs, duration of immunotherapy prior to onset of symptoms, management strategies and cancer outcomes.ResultsPatients presented with arthralgias, myalgias, periarticular and systemic symptoms. Onset of rheumatological symptoms was variable, with a median of 4 months (range 0.2–24) for monotherapy and 5.05 months (range 0.2–6.9) for combination. The predominant findings were of tenosynovitis (23%) and large joint involvement (65%). All patients were seronegative for RF and anti‐CCP. Most patients responded well to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or low‐dose prednisone (59%) and remained on immunotherapy (77%). The majority (76%) of patients experienced concomitant irAE in other organ systems. Sixty‐five percent of patients had complete response of their malignancy to immunotherapy.ConclusionRheumatic irAE are heterogenous clinical entities, which require further evaluation into classification, patient susceptibility and response. From our study, there was no clear clinical pattern. The present case series supports that rheumatic irAE may be associated with tumour response. However, there is still limited experience in rheumatic irAE management and outcomes.
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress prevents high‐fat diet mediated atrial fibrosis and fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Shuwen , Fu Jing , Liu Annan , Liu Deping , Cao Suyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObesity is a significant risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common sustained arrhythmia with increased mortality and morbidity. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity is associated with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the role of ERS in HFD‐induced AF remains elusive. Human atrium samples were examined for the ERS activation test. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, including the control group, the HFD group, the 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA) group, and the HFD + 4‐PBA group. At the age of 4 weeks, the HFD group and the HFD + 4‐PBA group were given HFD to construct the obesity model, while the other two groups were given a normal diet (ND). Transesophageal programmed electrical stimulation was conducted to evaluate the AF inducibility and duration. Atrial fibrosis and ERS activation were also investigated.We found that CHOP and GRP‐78 protein were significantly higher in overweight patients than the controls (both P < 0.05). AF inducibility and duration of the HFD group were significantly higher than the other groups (both P < 0.05), while there was no difference between those groups (P > 0.05). The mice of the HFD group had significantly higher collagen volume fraction (CVF%) than the other groups (P < 0.05). ERS marker protein of GRP78, p‐PERK, ATF6 and CHOP protein expression level was increased in the HFD group, which were significantly mitigated in the HFD + 4‐PBA group. In summary, HFD‐induced ERS activation facilitates atrial fibrosis and AF. The inhibition of ERS might alleviate atrial fibrosis and reduce the incidence of AF‐associated obesity.
Phenoscreening: a developmental approach to research domain criteria‐motivated sampling
Authors: Doyle Colleen M. , Lasch Carolyn , Vollman Elayne P. , Desjardins Christopher D. , Helwig Nathaniel E. , Jacob Suma , Wolff Jason J. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo advance early identification efforts, we must detect and characterize neurodevelopmental sequelae of risk among population‐based samples early in development. However, variability across the typical‐to‐atypical continuum and heterogeneity within and across early emerging psychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorders represent fundamental challenges to overcome. Identifying multidimensionally determined profiles of risk, agnostic to DSM categories, via data‐driven computational approaches represents an avenue to improve early identification of risk.MethodsFactor mixture modeling (FMM) was used to identify subgroups and characterize phenotypic risk profiles, derived from multiple parent‐report measures of typical and atypical behaviors common to autism spectrum disorder, in a community‐based sample of 17‐ to 25‐month‐old toddlers (n = 1,570). To examine the utility of risk profile classification, a subsample of toddlers (n = 107) was assessed on a distal, independent outcome examining internalizing, externalizing, and dysregulation at approximately 30 months.ResultsFMM results identified five asymmetrically sized subgroups. The putative high‐ and moderate‐risk groups comprised 6% of the sample. Follow‐up analyses corroborated the utility of the risk profile classification; the high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk groups were differentially stratified (i.e., HR > moderate‐risk > LR) on outcome measures and comparison of high‐ and low‐risk groups revealed large effect sizes for internalizing (d = 0.83), externalizing (d = 1.39), and dysregulation (d = 1.19).ConclusionsThis data‐driven approach yielded five subgroups of toddlers, the utility of which was corroborated by later outcomes. Data‐driven approaches, leveraging multiple developmentally appropriate dimensional RDoC constructs, hold promise for future efforts aimed toward early identification of at‐risk‐phenotypes for a variety of early emerging neurodevelopmental disorders.
Application of ohmic heating for the inactivation of microbiological hazards in food products
Authors: Shin Minjung , Kim Sang‐Soon , Kang Dong‐Hyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOhmic heating has long been used to inactivate pathogens in food products. Several research investigations on the use of ohmic heating technology in the inactivation of microbial hazards in food products are discussed in this review. These studies are discussed under the following sub‐headings: (a) inactivation of microbiological hazards, (b) in combination treatments with other sanitizing technologies, and (c) mathematical modeling, all of which are of long‐standing interest. In this review, we evaluate ohmic heating as a rapid and volumetric heating process that inactivates microbiological hazards in food products. We also examine ohmic heating‐based combination treatments as promising methods to maximize microbial inactivation efficacy and minimize the quality deterioration of food products. We first highlight the fact that most researchers had an interest in the inactivation of vegetative pathogens, whereas only a few focused on the inactivation of bacterial spores. In general, significantly higher treatment conditions were needed to inactivate bacterial spores (>95°C) than vegetative pathogens (>50°C). Studies on the inactivation of viral pathogens by ohmic heating are limited, and further research is needed in this field. In the first part of this review, the nonthermal effects of ohmic heating are also discussed, which is a popular topic in the food industry. Cumulatively, research suggests that that these nonthermal effects are dependent on the treatment conditions and the electrical conductivity of different food samples. Therefore, we suggest that focus should be on the thermal rather than the nonthermal effects of ohmic heating when considering the application of this technology to inactivate pathogens. Finally, we introduced combination technology based on ohmic heating and mathematical modeling, which are of interest recently.
Detecting Delirium: A Systematic Review of Identification Instruments for Non‐ICU Settings
Authors: Helfand Benjamin K. I. , D'Aquila Madeline L. , Tabloski Patricia , Erickson Kristen , Yue Jirong , Fong Tamara G. , Hshieh Tammy T. , Metzger Eran D. , Schmitt Eva M. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Inouye Sharon K. , Jones Richard N. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDelirium manifests clinically in varying ways across settings. More than 40 instruments currently exist for characterizing the different manifestations of delirium. We evaluated all delirium identification instruments according to their psychometric properties and frequency of citation in published research.DESIGNWe conducted the systematic review by searching Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1, 1974, to January 31, 2020, with the keywords “delirium” and “instruments,” along with their known synonyms. We selected only systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, or narrative literature reviews including multiple delirium identification instruments.MEASUREMENTSTwo reviewers assessed the eligibility of articles and extracted data on all potential delirium identification instruments. Using the original publication on each instrument, the psychometric properties were examined using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) framework.RESULTSOf 2,542 articles identified, 75 met eligibility criteria, yielding 30 different delirium identification instruments. A count of citations was determined using Scopus for the original publication for each instrument. Each instrument underwent methodological quality review of psychometric properties using COSMIN definitions. An expert panel categorized key domains for delirium identification based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐III through DSM‐5. Four instruments were notable for having at least two of three of the following: citation count of 200 or more, strong validation methodology in their original publication, and fulfillment of DSM‐5 criteria. These were, alphabetically, Confusion Assessment Method, Delirium Observation Screening Scale, Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98, and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.CONCLUSIONFour commonly used and well‐validated instruments can be recommended for clinical and research use. An important area for future investigation is to harmonize these measures to compare and combine studies on delirium.
Case of suspected theobromine poisoning in dairy cattle
Authors: Klein Carmen , Feist Melanie , Knubben‐Schweizer Gabriela , Dobenecker Britta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐yielding dairy cows collapsed and died displaying signs of a disturbed central nervous system (muscle tremor, convulsion) and a considerably reduced body condition score. An intense diagnostic screening did not allow to confirm a definite diagnosis. Therefore, further analyses including an evaluation of feeds and feeding were initiated. The herd was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on corn and grass silage of moderate nutritive value supplemented with various amounts of chocolate chips. In retrospect, the amount of chocolate chips added to the respective TMR batches could not be quantified. These chips were purchased from a company producing bakery and chocolate products for human consumption and added to the silage and therefore to the TMR in order to increase the energy intake of the animals. Because the TMR, which was fed during the time of the incidence, was no longer available, a sample of a later batch of silage was examined. The amount of chocolate chips was quantified (0.44% per fresh matter), and a theobromine analysis was performed in the chocolate chips of the available batch (69.7 mg/100 g fresh matter). Because of the possible link between chocolate intake and observed signs, an immediate cessation of using the chocolate chips was recommended in addition to an optimisation of the TMR, that is an increase of the energy density. Even though the theobromine intake during the time of the incidence is unknown and information about toxicity of theobromine in ruminants is limited, we suspect that the feeding of chocolate in this case caused all signs including the sudden death of the cows. Further reasons are that no differential diagnoses were established and the problems at the farm stopped after removing the chocolate from the TMR.
Determining the therapeutic range for ribavirin in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Mulder Midas B. , de Man Robert A. , Kamar Nassim , Durmaz Gűlcan , de Bruijne Joep , Vanwolleghem Thomas , Izopet Jacques , Gandia Peggy , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , van Gelder Teun , Hesselink Dennis A. , de Winter Brenda C.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to define the therapeutic range for ribavirin (RBV) in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. In this retrospective multicentre cohort study, data of adult transplant recipients with chronic HEV infection, who had been treated with RBV monotherapy between 01‐3‐2008 and 01‐08‐2018, were included. ROC curve analyses were performed, and the half‐maximal effective RBV concentration was calculated to determine a representative therapeutic range. In 96 patients, RBV monotherapy for a median of three months resulted in a sustained virologic response in 63.5% of the patients, while 88.5% of the patients developed anaemia. RBV plasma concentrations at steady state were significantly higher in clinical responders compared with clinical non‐responders: median 1.96 (IQR 1.81‐2.70) versus 0.49 (IQR 0.45‐0.73) mg/L, P = .0004. RBV caused a dose‐dependent haemoglobin reduction with higher RBV plasma concentrations resulting in more haemoglobin reduction. The therapeutic range for RBV for chronic HEV infection in transplant recipients ranges between 1.8 and 2.3 mg/L.
Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations in dogs with seizure disorders
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Nye Carolyn J. , Ruterbories Laura , Tokarz Debra A. , Green Lauren , Lau Jeanie , Zidan Natalia , Early Peter J. , Muñana Karen R. , Olby Natasha J. , Lee Chun‐Sheng , Guevar Julien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate concentrations increase after seizure activity in many human patients independent of the underlying disease process. The effect of seizure activity on CSF lactate concentration in dogs is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration is unaffected by seizure activity in dogs and is more dependent on the underlying disease process causing the seizures.AnimalsOne‐hundred eighteen client‐owned dogs with seizure disorders.MethodsCase series. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration was determined using a commercially available lactate monitor. Seizure semiology, time from last seizure to CSF collection, number of seizures within the 72 hours preceding CSF collection, and clinical diagnosis were recorded.ResultsDogs with focal seizures had higher CSF lactate concentrations than did those with generalized seizures (P= .03). No differences in lactate concentrations were found among dogs with single seizures, cluster seizures or status epilepticus (P= .12), among dogs with CSF collection at different time points after the last seizure activity (P= .39) or among dogs having different numbers of seizures within the 72 hours preceding CSF collection (P= .42). A significant difference (P= .001) was found in CSF lactate concentrations among diagnostic groups, and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic disease had higher concentrations than did dogs with idiopathic or unknown epilepsy.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration is minimally affected by seizure activity in dogs and increased concentrations are more likely associated with the underlying disease process.
Deficits of urothelial cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, and barrier function protein expressions in patients with recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections
Authors: Jhang Jia‐Fong , Lin Teng‐Yi , Ho Han‐Chen , Jiang Yuan‐Hong , Hsu Yung‐Hsiang , Birder Lori A. , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesRecurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is a common infectious disease in women. This study investigated the urothelial cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, barrier proteins, and inflammatory protein expression in women with rUTIs.MethodsFemale patients with recurrent or persistent UTIs were recruited. Bladder mucosal specimens were investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining for the urothelial cytoskeleton proteins cytokeratin 5 (CK5), CK14, and CK20; proteins involved in cellular proliferation, including CD34, sonic hedgehog (SHH), and tumor protein 63 (TP63); barrier proteins zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1) and E‐cadherin; inflammatory proteins p38 and tryptase; and proapoptotic proteins Bcl2‐associated agonist of cell death protein (BAD), Bcl2‐associated X protein (BAX), and caspase‐3. Women with stress urinary incontinence without bladder symptoms served as controls. Bladder specimens from 18 recurrent UTI patients with rUTIs and 12 persistent UTIs, and 17 controls were analyzed, and protein expressions were compared between the three groups.ResultsCell proliferation protein expression for CD34, SHH, and TP63 was significantly lower in the urothelium of patients with rUTIs than in controls. Expression of CK5 increased, whereas CK20 decreased significantly in rUTIs compared with those of controls. Apoptotic proteins BAD, BAX, and caspase‐3 were significantly higher in patients with rUTIs. However, barrier proteins ZO‐1 and E‐cadherin, and tryptase were not significantly lower in patients with rUTIs.ConclusionDeficits in expression of proteins involved in urothelial cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, and barrier function were noted in patients with rUTIs. These urothelial deficits may be due to deficient proliferation and differentiation resulting in inadequate urothelial barrier function and further in rUTIs.
Successful management to prevent early graft loss due to Seventh‐day Syndrome after liver retransplantation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Matsuura Toshiharu , Kohashi Kenichi , Kawano Yuki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Oda Yoshinao , Mori Masaki , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGraft loss characterized by sudden deterioration after initial favorable recovery of the allograft function within the first week after liver transplantation was reported as “seventh‐day syndrome.” The outcome of seventh‐day syndrome is extremely poor, and its etiology and management are not still established. We herein reported a seventh‐day syndrome case who was successfully managed by immediate desensitization after liver retransplantation and reviewed by English literature. A 19‐year‐old woman who had underwent the first liver transplantation when she was 2‐year‐old. She developed graft failure due to chronic rejection and was on the waiting list for retransplantation. An evaluation of panel‐reactive antibody showed high positivity, but there were no preformed donor‐specific antibodies. Plasma exchange was performed one‐time just before retransplantation and the mean fluorescence intensity significantly decreased. The second liver was successfully transplanted, and post‐operative course was uneventful. However, on post‐operative day 5, her body temperature elevated and thereafter, her liver enzymes dramatically elevated. We immediately started a desensitization consisted of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and anti‐CD20 antibody. The peak level of AST and ALT was 5799 IU/L and 3960 IU/L, respectively. The pathological findings of liver biopsy revealed some central venous endotheliitis and massive centrilobular hemorrhagic hepatocellular necrosis. These findings were not typical for antibody‐mediated rejection, but the desensitization was effective and liver graft was successfully rescued. The only way to prevent early graft loss due to seventh‐day syndrome is thought to be an immediate decision to start intensive desensitization.
Educational justice
Authors: Culp Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhilosophical conceptions of educational justice are centered at the intersection of political philosophy and philosophy of education. They justify moral‐political rights to education and sometimes also determine who is responsible for their realization through which kinds of pedagogical practices or systemic educational reform. This article concentrates on contemporary conceptions of educational justice in primary and secondary education and highlights central practical implications that the various conceptions of educational justice have under non‐ideal circumstances. Section 2 explains the conceptions of fair and luck‐egalitarian equal educational opportunity, Section 3 the conception of educational priority for the least‐advantaged students, and Section 4 the conception of democratically adequate education. Finally, Section 5 presents a philosophical conception of global justice in school education. Section 6 concludes.