bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orts- und zeitflexibles Arbeiten: Alte Geschlechterungleichheiten und neue Muster der Arbeitsteilung durch Digitalisierung
Authors: Carstensen Tanja 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag verfolgt die Frage, inwiefern sich bei orts- und zeitflexiblem Arbeiten mit digitalen Technologien Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie und Geschlechterungleichheiten in der häuslichen Arbeitsteilung verändern. Grundlage bilden Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt „Wandel der Geschlechterverhältnisse durch Digitalisierung“ (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung). Es zeigen sich verschiedene Effekte: So ermöglichen mobiles Arbeiten und Homeoffice es Teilzeitbeschäftigten, ihre vertraglich vereinbarte Arbeitszeit zu erhöhen; flexible digitale Arbeit sorgt für emotionale und zeitliche Entlastungen bei spontanen Notfällen wie Krankheit der Kinder; aber auch der Umfang unsichtbarer und unbezahlter Mehrarbeit steigt. In der Regel kommt es dabei nicht zu einer Neuorganisation oder Umverteilung der unbezahlten Haus- und Sorgearbeiten. Dennoch zeigen sich in Ansätzen Verschiebungen der häuslichen Arbeitsteilung. Der Beitrag stellt die zentralen Ergebnisse des Projekts vor und diskutiert sie hinsichtlich ihrer Implikationen für Geschlechterungleichheiten.Praktische Relevanz: Der Text gibt Aufschluss über aktuelle Erfahrungen mit orts- und zeitflexiblem Arbeiten aus Geschlechterperspektiven. Er liefert Hinweise auf förderliche und hinderliche Bedingungen für einen Abbau der Ungleichheiten in der Zuständigkeit für Beruf und Familie und der Arbeitsteilung in der Familie. Die Ergebnisse können für die Gestaltung betrieblicher Rahmenbedingungen und Regelungen orts- und zeitflexibler Arbeit genutzt werden.
Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany
Authors: Wendt Ralph , Nagel Stephan , Nickel Olaf , Wolf Johannes , Kalbitz Sven , Kaiser Thorsten , Borte Stephan , Lübbert Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigated potential transmissions of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician in a tertiary-care hospital who worked for 15 cumulative hours without wearing a face mask. No in-hospital transmissions occurred, despite 254 contacts among patients and healthcare workers. In conclusion, exposed hospital staff continued work, accompanied by close clinical and virologic monitoring.
Deciduous trees as lichen phorophytes: biodiversity and colonization patterns under common garden conditions
Authors: Ellegård Larsen Hanne Marie , Hansen Eric Steen , Nord-Larsen Thomas , Rasmussen Hanne Nina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCommon gardens are experimental plantations for comparing the performance of tree species while eliminating many of the variables that prevail in natural tree stands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of corticolous lichens on Danish tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur and Tilia cordata) under common garden conditions and to examine the height distribution of particular lichen species. Observations were recorded through regular sampling of at least 36 lichen species on the main stems (from the base of the stem to the treetops) of 44-year-old trees at four common garden sites. Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior had the greatest lichen species richness and Shannon diversity values while these measures were significantly lower for Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica. The distribution of lichen species appeared biased among tree species. The general lichen distribution and relative sample height were weakly related (nonmetric multidimensional scaling). However, single lichen species showed a clear differential distribution along the tree stem (P < 0.001, non-parametric multiplicative regression and logistic log-binomial regression). Lepraria incana, Pseudosagedia aenea and Arthonia atra were mainly found at the stem base while Lecanora carpinea, L. chlarotera, Lecidella elaeochroma, Physcia tenella and Xanthoria parietina, were most abundant at around 70% of the total tree height. The differential distribution of single lichen species presumably reflects different specific requirements during spore germination and thallus growth. By isolating the unique effect of key variables (tree species and height), this study contributes to the knowledge base of corticolous lichen ecology.
The INECO Frontal Screening for the Evaluation of Executive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Evidence from Quantitative MRI in a CADASIL Cohort from Colombia
Authors: Schoemaker Dorothee , Zuluaga Yesica , Viswanathan Anand , Shrimer Markus , Torrico-Teave Heirangi , Velilla Lina , Ospina Carolina , Ospina Gloria Garcia , Lopera Francisco , Arboleda-Velasquez Joseph F. , Quiroz Yakeel T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives:Executive dysfunction is a predominant cognitive symptom in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The Institute of Cognitive Neurology Frontal Screening (IFS) is a well-validated screening tool allowing the rapid assessment of multiple components of executive function in Spanish-speaking individuals. In this study, we examined performance on the IFS in subjects with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), an inherited condition leading to the early onset of SVD. We further explored associations between performance on the IFS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of SVD.Methods:We recruited 24 asymptomatic CADASIL subjects and 23 noncarriers from Colombia. All subjects underwent a research MRI and a neuropsychological evaluation, including the IFS. Structural MRI markers of SVD were quantified in each subject, together with an SVD Sum Score representing the overall burden of cerebrovascular alterations. General linear model, correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to explore group differences on the IFS and relationships with MRI markers of SVD.Results:CADASIL subjects had a significantly reduced performance on the IFS Total Score. Performance on the IFS correlated with all quantified markers of SVD, except for brain atrophy and perivascular spaces enlargement. Finally, while the IFS Total Score was not able to accurately discriminate between carriers and noncarriers, it showed adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of multiple MRI markers of SVD.Conclusions:These results suggest that the IFS may be a useful screening tool to assess executive function and disease severity in the context of SVD.
Impact of diet on CVD and diabetes mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a comparative risk assessment analysis
Authors: Sisa Ivan , Abeyá-Gilardon Enrique , Fisberg Regina M , Jackson Maria D , Mangialavori Guadalupe L , Sichieri Rosely , Cudhea Frederick , Bannuru Raveendhara R , Ruthazer Robin , Mozaffarian Dariush , Singh Gitanjali M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To quantify diet-related burdens of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) by country, age and sex in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).Design:Intakes of eleven key dietary factors were obtained from the Global Dietary Database Consortium. Aetiologic effects of dietary factors on CMD outcomes were obtained from meta-analyses. We combined these inputs with cause-specific mortality data to compute country-, age- and sex-specific absolute and proportional CMD mortality of eleven dietary factors in 1990 and 2010.Setting:Thirty-two countries in LAC.Participants:Adults aged 25 years and older.Results:In 2010, an estimated 513 371 (95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 423 286–547 841; 53·8 %) cardiometabolic deaths were related to suboptimal diet. Largest diet-related CMD burdens were related to low intake of nuts/seeds (109 831 deaths (95 % UI 71 920–121 079); 11·5 %), low fruit intake (106 285 deaths (95 % UI 94 904–112 320); 11·1 %) and high processed meat consumption (89 381 deaths (95 % UI 82 984–97 196); 9·4 %). Among countries, highest CMD burdens (deaths per million adults) attributable to diet were in Trinidad and Tobago (1779) and Guyana (1700) and the lowest were in Peru (492) and The Bahamas (504). Between 1990 and 2010, greatest decline (35 %) in diet-attributable CMD mortality was related to greater consumption of fruit, while greatest increase (7·2 %) was related to increased intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages.Conclusions:Suboptimal intakes of commonly consumed foods were associated with substantial CMD mortality in LAC with significant heterogeneity across countries. Improved access to healthful foods, such as nuts and fruits, and limits in availability of unhealthful factors, such as processed foods, would reduce diet-related burdens of CMD in LAC.
The Impact of ISO22000 Standard Diffusion on Agricultural Exports
Authors: Kim Nayung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe WTO SPS Agreement sets a framework of rules that encourages harmonization through international standards. However, there is a lack of empirical research at the macro-level on how such international standards affect trade flows. This study conducts a general impact analysis on one of the most widely used food-related international standards in the world, the ISO22000, accounting for the different product types and country groups. The Codex Alimentarius Commission, one of three sister organizations of the SPS Agreement, notably participated in developing this standard that is based on its Food Code, harmonizing the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). This study employs recent developments in using the gravity model, along with uniquely employed additional specifications to enhance further the reliability of the estimates. Results show that ISO22000 diffusion negatively affects the exports of processed products that are the major export goods of developed countries. Primary and semi-processed products that compose the majority of developing country exports are not significantly affected, providing evidence against the concerns for the compliance burdens of developing countries when being certified to the standard. The burdens may depend more on the degree of processing of the exported goods rather than on a country's development status.
The Federal Elections Bill of 1890: The Continuation of Reconstruction in America
Authors: McConarty Colin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBetween May 1890 and January 1891, members of Congress debated a bill whose sponsors claimed it would shore up voting rights throughout the nation, especially in the South. The Federal Elections Bill of 1890 never became law, but the debate over it drew Americans’ beliefs about voting, race, and the South back to the forefront of U.S. politics. Historians have relied mostly on two types of sources in their explorations of how Americans viewed the bill: newspapers and the words of political leaders. But 202 letters that individuals around the nation sent to Senator George Frisbie Hoar (R-MA) during the bill's nine-month life in Congress open a new window into the debate. These letters challenge the traditional history of the Federal Elections Bill and the late nineteenth century by revealing that issues historians traditionally have limited to the Reconstruction Era, in fact, still mattered profoundly to Americans in 1890.
Civil War in El Salvador and the origins of rights-based humanitarianism
Authors: O’Sullivan Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article traces the global humanitarian sector’s late twentieth-century embrace of human rights to the brutal civil conflict in El Salvador in the 1980s. Drawing on evidence from NGOs in three Anglophone states (Britain, Canada, and Ireland), it examines the moral and political debates that accompanied the breakthrough for human rights activism in that period, and how they conditioned contemporaneous understandings of ‘aid’. From that foundation, the article makes two claims. First, it argues that the ‘triumph’ of human rights in the late twentieth century was the product of a complex set of diplomatic, intellectual, and ideological factors that were of global, rather than simply of Western, origin. Second, by tracing what could and could not be done in the name of humanitarianism, the article brings us closer to understanding how even the most outwardly progressive vision of intervention was produced within a very specific – hierarchical and paternalistic – imagining of the Global South.
Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models
Authors: Souza Luana Lopes , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity and its complications occur at alarming rates worldwide. Epidemiological data have associated perinatal conditions, such as malnutrition, with the development of some disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, in childhood and adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with protection against long-term chronic diseases. However, in humans, the interruption of breastfeeding before the recommended period of 6 months is a common practice and can increase the risk of several metabolic disturbances. Nutritional and environmental changes within a critical window of development, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, can induce permanent changes in metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to diseases later in life via a phenomenon known as programming or developmental plasticity. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which precocious weaning can result in adipose tissue dysfunction and endocrine profile alterations. Here, the authors give a comprehensive report of the different animal models of early weaning and programming that can result in the development of metabolic syndrome. In rats, for example, pharmacological and nonpharmacological early weaning models are associated with the development of overweight and visceral fat accumulation, leptin and insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine and hepatic changes in adult progeny. Sex-related differences seem to influence this phenotype. Therefore, precocious weaning seems to be obesogenic for offspring. A better understanding of this condition seems essential to reducing the risk for diseases. Additionally, this knowledge can generate new insights into therapeutic strategies for obesity management, improving health outcomes.
Anhydrite‐Assisted Hydrothermal Metal Transport to the Ocean Floor—Insights From Thermo‐Hydro‐Chemical Modeling
Authors: Guo Zhikui , Rüpke Lars H. , Fuchs Sebastian , Iyer Karthik , Hannington Mark D. , Chen Chao , Tao Chunhui , Hasenclever Jörg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature hydrothermal venting has been discovered on all modern mid‐ocean ridges at all spreading rates. Although significant strides have been made in understanding the underlying processes that shape such systems, several first‐order discrepancies between model predictions and observations remain. One key paradox is that numerical experiments consistently show entrainment of cold ambient seawater in shallow high permeability ocean crust causing a temperature drop that is difficult to reconcile with high vent temperatures. We investigate this conundrum using a thermo‐hydro‐chemical model that couples hydrothermal fluid flow with anhydrite‐ and pyrite‐forming reactions in the shallow subseafloor. The models show that precipitation of anhydrite in warming seawater and in cooling hydrothermal fluids during mixing results in the formation of a chimney‐like subseafloor structure around the upwelling, high‐temperature plume. The establishment of such anhydrite‐sealed zones reduces mixing between the hydrothermal fluid and seawater and results in an increase in vent temperature. Pyrite subsequently precipitates close to the seafloor within the anhydrite chimney. Although anhydrite thus formed may be dissolved when colder seawater circulates through the crust away from the spreading axis, the inside pyrite walls would be preserved as veins in present‐day metal deposits, thereby preserving the history of hydrothermal circulation through shallow oceanic crust.
Late Paleozoic Chingiz and Saur Arc Amalgamation in West Junggar (NW China): Implications for Accretionary Tectonics in the Southern Altaids
Authors: Song Shuaihua , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Collins A. S. , Chen Yichao , Zhang Ji'en , Schulmann Karel , Han Chunming , Wan Bo , Ao Songjian , Zhang Zhiyong , Song Dongfang , Li Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Saur‐Chingiz Belt (SCB) in northern West Junggar is regarded as the amalgamation zone of the Saur and Chingiz arcs. It contains diagnostic rocks of accretionary origin, providing critical information about the evolution of the southern Paleo‐Asian Ocean. We recognize various lithologies in the SCB, including an ophiolitic mélange, turbidites, conglomerates, rhyolites, breccias, and diorites, and investigate the structures of the Hebukesaier ophiolitic mélange. Kinematic analysis indicates top‐to‐the‐N thrusting. A coarse‐grained gabbro (ca. 490 Ma) and a fine‐grained gabbro (ca. 318 Ma) have normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB)‐type geochemical signatures, and three groups of pillow basalts exhibit N‐MORB, enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalt (E‐MORB), and ocean island basalts (OIB) fingerprints, respectively. Detrital zircons in tuffs, conglomerates, and turbidites associated with the Hebukesaier mélange display predominant ages of 410–440 Ma, which are consistent with the age of the Chingiz Arc. This suggests that the mafic rocks (ophiolitic components) in the Hebukesaier mélange were generated at a mid‐ocean ridge and were later accreted to the Chingiz Arc, which formed above a southward‐dipping subduction zone that consumed the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. The predominant zircon age peaks of turbidites from the Saur area, north of the Hebukesaier mélange, range from 326 to 360 Ma, which areconsistent with a provenance from the Saur Arc. The distinctive detrital zircons of the Chingiz and Saur arcs indicate that the northern boundary of the Hebukesaier mélange is the tectonic boundary between the Chingiz and Saur arcs. We suggest that Paleo‐Asian Ocean closed before Late Triassic as indicated by a diorite vein (ca. 218 Ma) that intruded the Hebukesaier mélange.
Comment on “Tectono Metamorphic Evolution of the Central Ribeira Belt, Brazil: A Case of Late Neoproterozoic Intracontinental Orogeny and Flow of Partially Molten Deep Crust During the Assembly of West by Meira et al.
Authors: Heilbron Monica , de Morisson Valeriano Claudio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe commented article contributes with new metamorphic petrology and U‐Pb geochronology data concerning the sin‐collisional stage of two terranes (Embu and Costeiro) belonging to the southern Ribeira orogen (not Central Ribeira belt, as the title suggests), in order to propose an intracontinental evolution for the Ribeira‐Araçuaí orogenic system. Several issues regarding their review of the literature and interpretation of data should be considered in face of the proposition for an intracontinental evolution of an orogenic system that has long been considered as having developed through a Wilsonian sequence of events, involving continental rifting and ocean development, subduction and building of magmatic arc, terrane accretion, and continental collision in the context of amalgamation of Gondwana. In order to contribute to a comprehensive discussion of the tectonic evolution of the Ribeira‐Araçuaí orogenic system, we bring forward the following points that have not been properly acknowledged by the authors in their proposed tectonic scheme. Without substantial new data set and without integrating all the available age, petrologic and deformational data, there seems not to be commented enough evidence for the proposal of an intracontinental evolution for the Ribeira‐Araçuaí orogenic system. In contrary, an accretionary to collisional model is preferred because it in fact integrates all the documented tectonic features: subduction of passive São Francisco paleocontinental margin, generation of magmatic arcs with typical signatures of modern ones elsewhere in the world, three accretionary‐collisional episodes, and an episode of orogenic collapse in the Cambro‐Ordovician transition, associated to slab breakoff and upwelling of asthenosphere.
Depth-dependent mycoplankton glycoside hydrolase gene activity in the open ocean—evidence from the Tara Oceans eukaryote metatranscriptomes
Authors: Chrismas Nathan , Cunliffe Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mycoplankton are widespread components of marine ecosystems, yet the full extent of their functional role remains poorly known. Marine mycoplankton are likely functionally analogous to their terrestrial counterparts, including performing saprotrophy and degrading high-molecular weight organic substrates using carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). We investigated the prevalence of transcribed oceanic fungal CAZyme genes using the Marine Atlas of Tara Ocean Unigenes database. We revealed an abundance of unique transcribed fungal glycoside hydrolases in the open ocean, including a particularly high number that act upon cellulose in surface waters and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). A variety of other glycoside hydrolases acting on a range of biogeochemically important polysaccharides including β-glucans and chitin were also found. This analysis demonstrates that mycoplankton are active saprotrophs in the open ocean and paves the way for future research into the depth-dependent roles of marine fungi in oceanic carbon cycling, including the biological carbon pump.
Resistance training and total and site-specific cancer risk: a prospective cohort study of 33,787 US men
Authors: Rezende Leandro F. M. , Lee Dong Hoon , Keum NaNa , Wu Kana , Eluf-Neto José , Tabung Fred K. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Muscle-strengthening activities have been recommended for health benefits. However, it is unclear whether resistance training is associated with cancer risk, independent of total physical activity.

Methods
A prospective cohort study followed 33,787 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992–2014). Cumulative average of resistance training (hours/week) was assessed through biennial questionnaires up to 2 years before cancer diagnosis. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
During 521,221 person-years of follow-up, we documented 5,158 cancer cases. Resistance training was not associated with total cancer risk (HR per 1-h/week increase: 1.01; 95% CI 0.97, 1.05). We found an inverse association between resistance training and bladder cancer (HR per 1-h/week increase: 0.80; 95% CI 0.66, 0.96) and kidney cancer (HR per 1-h/week increase 0.77; 95% CI 0.58, 1.03; Ptrend = 0.06), but the association was marginal for the latter after adjustment for confounders and total physical activity. Compared to participants engaging in aerobic activities only, combined resistance training and aerobic activities showed stronger inverse associations with kidney cancer risk.

Conclusions
Resistance training was associated with lower risk of bladder and kidney cancers. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings.