bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polarized spectral energy distribution of NGC 4151
Authors: Marin F , Le Cam J , Lopez-Rodriguez E , Kolehmainen M , Babler B L , Meade M R 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
NGC 4151 is among the most well-studied Seyfert galaxies that does not suffer from strong obscuration along the observer’s line of sight. This allows to probe the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) engine with photometry, spectroscopy, reverberation mapping, or interferometry. Yet, the broad-band polarization from NGC 4151 has been poorly examined in the past despite the fact that polarimetry gives us a much cleaner view of the AGN physics than photometry or spectroscopy alone. In this paper, we compile the 0.15–89.0 μm total and polarized fluxes of NGC 4151 from archival and new data in order to examine the physical processes at work in the heart of this AGN. We demonstrate that, from the optical to the near-infrared (IR) band, the polarized spectrum of NGC 4151 shows a much bluer power-law spectral index than that of the total flux, corroborating the presence of an optically thick, locally heated accretion flow, at least in its near-IR emitting radii. Specific signatures from the atmosphere of the accretion structure are tentatively found at the shortest ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, before the onset of absorption opacity. Otherwise, dust scattering appears to be the dominant contributor from the near-UV to near-IR polarized spectrum, superimposed on to a weaker electron component. We also identify a change in the polarization processes from the near-IR to the mid-IR, most likely associated with the transition from Mie scattering to dichroic absorption from aligned dust grains in the dusty torus or narrow-line region. Finally, we present and discuss the very first far-infrared polarization measurement of NGC 4151 at 89 μm.
Constraining X-ray emission in HBL blazars using multiwavelength observations
Authors: Wierzcholska Alicja , Wagner Stefan J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The X-ray spectrum of extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac-type blazars is located in the synchrotron branch of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED), at energies below the peak. A joint fit of the extrapolated X-ray spectra together with a host galaxy template allows characterizing the synchrotron branch in the SED. The X-ray spectrum is usually characterized either with a pure or a curved power-law model. In the latter case, however, it is hard to distinguish an intrinsic curvature from excess absorption. In this paper, we focus on five well-observed blazars: 1ES 0229+200, PKS 0548−322, RX J 1136+6737, 1ES 1741+196, and 1ES 2344+514. We constrain the infrared to X-ray emission of these five blazars using a model that is characterized by the host galaxy, spectral curvature, absorption, and ultraviolet (UV) excess to separate these spectral features. In the case of four sources, namely 1ES 0229+200, PKS 0548−322, 1ES 1741+196, and 1ES 2344+514, the spectral fit with the atomic neutral hydrogen from the Leiden Argentina Bonn Survey results in a significant UV excess present in the broad-band SED. Such excess can be interpreted as an additional component, for example, a blue bump. However, in order to describe spectra of these blazars without such excess, additional absorption to the atomic neutral hydrogen from the Leiden Argentina Bonn Survey is needed.
Testing the reliability of fast methods for weak lensing simulations: wl-moka on pinocchio
Authors: Giocoli Carlo , Monaco Pierluigi , Moscardini Lauro , Castro Tiago , Meneghetti Massimo , Metcalf R Benton , Baldi Marco 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The generation of simulated convergence maps is of key importance in fully exploiting weak lensing by large-scale structure (LSS) from which cosmological parameters can be derived. In this paper, we present an extension of the pinocchio code that produces catalogues of dark matter haloes so that it is capable of simulating weak lensing by Modify LSS into Large Scale Structures (LSS). Like wl-moka, the method starts with a random realization of cosmological initial conditions, creates a halo catalogue and projects it on to the past light-cone, and paints in haloes assuming parametric models for the mass density distribution within them. Large-scale modes that are not accounted for by the haloes are constructed using linear theory. We discuss the systematic errors affecting the convergence power spectra when Lagrangian perturbation theory at increasing order is used to displace the haloes within pinocchio, and how they depend on the grid resolution. Our approximate method is shown to be very fast when compared to full ray-tracing simulations from an N-body run and able to recover the weak lensing signal, at different redshifts, with a few percent accuracy. It also allows for quickly constructing weak lensing covariance matrices, complementing pinocchio’s ability of generating the cluster mass function and galaxy clustering covariances and thus paving the way for calculating cross-covariances between the different probes. This work advances these approximate methods as tools for simulating and analysing survey data for cosmological purposes.
G-quadruplexes offer a conserved structural motif for NONO recruitment to NEAT1 architectural lncRNA
Authors: Simko Eric A J , Liu Honghe , Zhang Tao , Velasquez Adan , Teli Shraddha , Haeusler Aaron R , Wang Jiou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 serves as a scaffold for the assembly of paraspeckles, membraneless nuclear organelles involved in gene regulation. Paraspeckle assembly requires NEAT1 recruitment of the RNA-binding protein NONO, however the NEAT1 elements responsible for recruitment are unknown. Herein we present evidence that previously unrecognized structural features of NEAT1 serve an important role in these interactions. Led by the initial observation that NONO preferentially binds the G-quadruplex conformation of G-rich C9orf72 repeat RNA, we find that G-quadruplex motifs are abundant and conserved features of NEAT1. Furthermore, we determine that NONO binds NEAT1 G-quadruplexes with structural specificity and provide evidence that G-quadruplex motifs mediate NONO-NEAT1 association, with NONO binding sites on NEAT1 corresponding largely to G-quadruplex motifs, and treatment with a G-quadruplex-disrupting small molecule causing dissociation of native NONO-NEAT1 complexes. Together, these findings position G-quadruplexes as a primary candidate for the NONO-recruiting elements of NEAT1 and provide a framework for further investigation into the role of G-quadruplexes in paraspeckle formation and function.
Efficacy of Bezlotoxumab in Participants Receiving Metronidazole, Vancomycin, or Fidaxomicin for Treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection
Authors: Dubberke Erik R , Gerding Dale N , Kelly Ciarán P , Garey Kevin W , Rahav Galia , Mosley Audrey , Tipping Robert , Dorr Mary Beth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
In phase 3 MODIFY I/II trials, bezlotoxumab significantly reduced recurrence of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (rCDI) over 12 weeks. Choice of CDI antibacterial treatment may affect CDI-related outcomes; therefore, this prespecified analysis assessed if the magnitude of bezlotoxumab-induced rCDI reduction was influenced by the antibiotic administered.

Methods
In MODIFY I/II (NCT01241552/NCT01513239), participants received a single infusion of bezlotoxumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo during anti-CDI treatment. Using pooled data from MODIFY I/II, initial clinical cure (ICC) and rCDI were assessed in metronidazole-, vancomycin-, and fidaxomicin-treated subgroups.

Results
Of 1554 participants in MODIFY I/II, 753 (48.5%) received metronidazole, 745 (47.9%) vancomycin, and 56 (3.6%) fidaxomicin. Fewer participants receiving metronidazole had a prior CDI episode in the previous 6 months (12.9%) or ≥1 risk factor for rCDI (66.0%) vs participants receiving vancomycin (41.2% and 83.6%, respectively) and fidaxomicin (55.4% and 89.3%, respectively). ICC rates were similar in the bezlotoxumab (metronidazole, 81.0%; vancomycin, 78.5%; fidaxomicin, 86.7%) and placebo groups (metronidazole, 81.3%; vancomycin, 79.6%; fidaxomicin, 76.9%). In placebo-treated participants, the rCDI was lower in the metronidazole subgroup vs the vancomycin and fidaxomicin subgroups (metronidazole, 28.0%; vancomycin, 38.4%; fidaxomicin, 35.0%). When analyzed by subsets based on history of CDI, rCDI rates were similar in the metronidazole and vancomycin groups. rCDI rates were lower in all antibiotic subgroups for bezlotoxumab vs placebo (metronidazole: rate difference [RD], –9.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –16.4% to –3.1%; vancomycin: RD, –15.4%; 95% CI, –22.7% to –8.0%; fidaxomicin: RD, –11.9%; 95% CI, –38.1% to 14.3%).

Conclusion
Bezlotoxumab reduces rCDI vs placebo in participants receiving metronidazole and vancomycin, with a similar effect size in participants receiving fidaxomicin.
Incidence of Tuberculosis During the First Year of Antiretroviral Treatment in West African HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Tchakounte Youngui Boris , Coffie Patrick , Messou Eugène , Poda Armel , Fortes Deguenonvo Louise , Hawerlander Denise , Minga Albert , Balestre Eric , Dabis François , Marcy Olivier 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We estimated tuberculosis incidence during the first year on antriretroviral therapy without isoniazid-preventive treatment in 6938 West African HIV-infected adults at 3.33 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI, 2.85–3.80). In multivariate Poisson models, sites in Cote d’Ivoire, male gender, low body mass index, low hemoglobin, low CD4 count, and young age were significantly associated with higher incidence.
A Second Population-Based Cohort Study in Cameroon Confirms the Temporal Relationship Between Onchocerciasis and Epilepsy
Authors: Chesnais Cédric B , Bizet Charlotte , Campillo Jérémy T , Njamnshi Wepnyu Y , Bopda Jean , Nwane Philippe , Pion Sébastien D , Njamnshi Alfred K , Boussinesq Michel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To confirm our earlier evidence of a temporal and dose–response relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy, we conducted another cohort study in a different setting in Cameroon. Individuals whose Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial density (Ov-MFD) was measured in 1992–1994 when they were children were revisited in 2019 to determine if they acquired epilepsy. With reference to individuals with no microfilariae in 1992–1994, the relative risks of acquiring epilepsy were 0.96, 2.76, 3.67, and 11.87 in subjects with initial Ov-MFD of 1–7, 8–70, 71–200, and &gt; 200 microfilariae per skin snip, respectively. This study further demonstrates reproducibility using the Bradford Hill’s criteria for causality.
Serum syndecan-1, hyaluronan and thrombomodulin levels in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Yu Kelvin Y C , Yung Susan , Chau Mel K M , Tang Colin S O , Yap Desmond Y H , Tang Alexander H N , Ying Shirley K Y , Lee Cheuk Kwong , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated circulating syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels in patients with biopsy-proven Class III/IV ± V LN and their clinico-pathological associations. Patients with non-renal SLE or non-lupus chronic kidney disease, and healthy subjects served as controls.

Methods
Serum syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels were determined by ELISAs.

Results
Syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels were significantly higher during active LN compared with remission (P &lt; 0.01, for all), and correlated with the level of proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, anti-dsDNA antibodies, complement 3 and serum creatinine. Longitudinal studies showed that syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels increased prior to clinical renal flare by 3.6 months, while HA level increased at the time of nephritic flare, and the levels decreased in parallel with treatment response. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels distinguished patients with active LN from healthy subjects, LN patients in remission, patients with active non-renal lupus and patients with non-lupus chronic kidney disease (receiver operating characteristic area under curve of 0.98, 0.91, 0.82 and 0.95, respectively, for syndecan-1; and area under curve of 1.00, 0.84, 0.97 and 0.79, respectively, for thrombomodulin). HA level distinguished active LN from healthy subjects, LN patients in remission and non-lupus chronic kidney disease (receiver operating characteristic area under curve of 0.82, 0.71 and 0.90, respectively) but did not distinguish between renal vs non-renal lupus. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels correlated with the severity of interstitial inflammation, while HA level correlated with chronicity grading in kidney biopsies of active LN.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest potential utility of serum syndecan-1, thrombomodulin and HA levels in clinical management, and their potential contribution to LN pathogenesis.
Genomics-enabled analysis of specialized metabolism in bioenergy crops: Current progress and challenges
Authors: Tiedge Kira , Muchlinski Andrew , Zerbe Philipp 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plants produce a staggering diversity of specialized small molecule metabolites that play vital roles in mediating environmental interactions and stress adaptation. This chemical diversity derives from dynamic biosynthetic pathway networks that are often species-specific and operate under tight spatiotemporal and environmental control. A growing divide between demand and environmental challenges in food and bioenergy crop production have intensified research on these complex metabolite networks and their contribution to crop fitness. High-throughput omics technologies provide access to ever-increasing data resources for investigating plant metabolism. However, the efficiency of using such system-wide data to decode the gene and enzyme functions controlling specialized metabolism has remained limited; due largely to the recalcitrance of many plants to genetic approaches and the lack of ‘user-friendly’ biochemical tools for studying the diverse enzyme classes involved in specialized metabolism. With emphasis on terpenoid metabolism in the bioenergy crop switchgrass as an example, this review aims to illustrate current advances and challenges in the application of DNA synthesis and synthetic biology tools for accelerating the functional discovery of genes, enzymes and pathways in plant specialized metabolism. These technologies have accelerated knowledge development on the biosynthesis and physiological roles of diverse metabolite networks across many ecologically and economically important plant species and can provide resources for application to precision breeding and natural product metabolic engineering.
Speciation patterns in theForficula auriculariaspecies complex: cryptic and not so cryptic taxa across the western Palaearctic region
Authors: González-Miguéns Rubén , Muñoz-Nozal Eva , Jiménez-Ruiz Yolanda , Mas-Peinado Paloma , Ghanavi Hamid R , García-París Mario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForficula auricularia (the European earwig) is possibly a complex of cryptic species. To test this hypothesis, we performed: (1) a phylogeographic study based on fragments of the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear ITS2 markers on a wide geographic sampling, (2) morphometric analyses of lineages present in Spain and (3) niche overlap analyses. We recovered five reciprocally monophyletic ancient phylogroups with unique historical patterns of distribution, climatic niches and diversification. External morphology was conserved and not correlated with speciation events, except in one case. Phylogenetic placement of the morphologically distinct taxon renders F. auricularia paraphyletic. Based on the congruence of the phylogenetic units defined by mtDNA and nuclear sequence data, we conclude that phylogroups have their own historical and future evolutionary trajectory and represent independent taxonomic units. Forficula auricularia is a complex of at least four species: the morphologically diagnosable Forficula aeolica González-Miguéns & García-París sp. nov., and the cryptic taxa: Forficula mediterranea González-Miguéns & García-París sp. nov., Forficula dentataFabricius, 1775stat. nov. and Forficula auriculariaLinnaeus, 1758s.s. We also provide new synonymy for F. dentata.
Perioperative Interventions to Minimize Blood Loss at the Time of Hysterectomy for Uterine Leiomyomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gingold Julian A. , Chichura Anna , Harnegie Mary Pat , Kho Rosanne M. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;26:1234–1252)
Almost 70% of white and more than 80% of black premenopausal women are affected by uterine leiomyomas. Medical or conservative procedures can manage many leiomyoma-related symptoms.
Computerized Analysis of Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Adverse Outcomes in the INFANT Trial
Authors: Steer P. J. , Kovar I. , McKenzie C. , Griffin M. , Linsell L. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from BJOG 2019;126:1354–1361)
During the 1960s and 1970s, intermittent auscultation was replaced by the alternative method of continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) and cardiotocography (electronic monitoring of the fetal heart rate [FHR] and uterine contractions, or CTG). Meta-analyses have reported a 59% drop in intrapartum deaths attributable to hypoxia and a reduced risk of neonatal seizures, but a 2017 Cochrane review concluded that while EFM did reduce the rates of neonatal seizures, it did not provide “clear differences in cerebral palsy, infant mortality, or other standard measures of neonatal well-being.” Human error in interpreting the FHR pattern is a possible explanation for the ineffectiveness of EFM.
Association of Early Postnatal Transfer and Birth Outside a Tertiary Hospital With Mortality and Severe Brain Injury in Extremely Preterm Infants: Observational Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Helenius Kjell , Longford Nicholas , Lehtonen Liisa , Modi Neena , Gale Chris 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from BMJ 2019;367:l5678)
Approximately 1 in 20 preterm infants in high-income countries are born at less than 28 weeks' gestation with increased risk of death and morbidity. Previous studies have shown improved outcomes when care is provided in tertiary hospitals as compared with nontertiary hospitals; this study aims to examine the rate of adverse outcomes for those preterm infants who underwent postnatal transfer to a tertiary facility in England.
Identifying Occult Maternal Malignancies From 1.93 Million Pregnant Women Undergoing Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Tests
Authors: Ji Xing , Li Jia , Huang Yonghua , Sung Pi-Lin , Yuan Yuying , Liu Qiang , Chen Yan , Ju Jia , Zhou Yafeng , Huang Shujia , Chen Fang , Han Yuan , Yuan Wen , Fan Cheng , Zhao Qiang , Wu Haitao , Feng Suihua , Liu Weiqiang , Li Zhihua , Chen Jingsi , Chen Min , Yao Hong , Zeng Li , Ma Tao , Fan Shushu , Zhang Jinman , Yuen Ka Yiu , Cheng So Hin , Shan Chik Irene Wing , Liu Nien-Tzu , Zhu Jianyu , Lin Siyuan , Cao Jeremy , Tong Steve , Shan Zhiyuan , Li Wenyan , Hekmat Mohammad Reza , Garshasbi Masoud , Suela Javier , Torres Yaima , Cigudosa Juan C. , Pérez Ruiz F. J. , Rodríguez Laura , García Mónica , Bernik Janez , Traven Eva , Reš Uršula , Tul Nataša , Tseng Ching-Fong , Zhao Depeng , Sun Luming , Pan Qiong , Shen Li , Dai Mengyao , Wang Yuying , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Yin Ye , Duan Tao , Zhu Baosheng , Choolani Mahesh , Jin Xin , Chen Yingwei , Mao Mao 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2019;21:2293–2302)
Noninvasive prenatal screening for aneuploidy using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been used since 2011 to identify fetal genetic disorders such as trisomies 13, 18, and 21. However, these tests can give false-positive results or fail all together when other conditions, such as maternal cancer, are present.
Prevalence of Survival Without Major Comorbidities Among Adults Born Prematurely
Authors: Crump Casey , Winkleby Marilyn A. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from JAMA 2019;322(16):1580–1588)
More than 95% of preterm infants in developed countries now survive into adulthood. However, with a worldwide preterm birth rate of 10.6%, associated increased relative risks of cardiometabolic, respiratory, and neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood prove concerning.
Postoperative Hypotension after Noncardiac Surgery and the Association with Myocardial Injury
Authors: Liem Victor G. B. , Hoeks Sanne E. , Mol Kristin H. J. M. , Potters Jan Willem , Grüne Frank , Stolker Robert Jan , van Lier Felix 
Published: June 2020

Background
Intraoperative hypotension has been associated with postoperative morbidity and early mortality. Postoperative hypotension, however, has been less studied. This study examines postoperative hypotension, hypothesizing that both the degree of hypotension severity and longer durations would be associated with myocardial injury.

Methods
This single-center observational cohort was comprised of 1,710 patients aged 60 yr or more undergoing intermediate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery. Frequent sampling of hemodynamic monitoring on a postoperative high-dependency ward during the first 24 h after surgery was recorded. Multiple mean arterial pressure (MAP) absolute thresholds (50 to 75 mmHg) were used to define hypotension characterized by cumulative minutes, duration, area, and time-weighted-average under MAP. Zero time spent under a threshold was used as the reference group. The primary outcome was myocardial injury (a peak high-sensitive troponin T measurement 50 ng/l or greater) during the first 3 postoperative days.

Results
Postoperative hypotension was common, e.g., 2 cumulative hours below a threshold of 60 mmHg occurred in 144 (8%) patients while 4 h less than 75 mmHg occurred in 824 (48%) patients. Patients with myocardial injury had higher prolonged exposures for all characterizations. After adjusting for confounders, postoperative duration below a threshold of 75 mmHg for more than 635 min was associated with myocardial injury (adjusted odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.46 to 5.07, P = 0.002). Comparing multiple thresholds, cumulative durations of 2 to 4 h below a MAP threshold of 60 mmHg (adjusted odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.57 to 6.48, P = 0.001) and durations of more than 4 h less than 65 mmHg (adjusted odds ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.78 to 4.98, P < 0.001) and 70 mmHg (adjusted odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.37 to 3.51, P < 0.001) were also associated with myocardial injury. Associations remained significant after adjusting for intraoperative hypotension, which independently was not associated with myocardial injury.

Conclusions
In this study, postoperative hypotension was common and was independently associated with myocardial injury.

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