bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia, Emotion‐Regulation Strategies, and Traumatic Experiences in Prenatally Cocaine‐Exposed Young Adults
Authors: Morie Kristen P. , Zhai Zu Wei , Potenza Marc N. , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesExposure to early‐life trauma may lead to maladaptive characteristics such as alexithymia, and thus to poorer emotional regulation. This relationship may also be influenced by exposure to substances prenatally. We hypothesized that increased alexithymia would be seen in those with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE). Additionally, we hypothesized that early‐life trauma would be associated with alexithymia, and that alexithymia would be associated with poor emotional reappraisal and emotional suppression.MethodsA moderated mediation model was developed to examine whether the hypothesized indirect relationship between trauma and emotional reappraisal through alexithymia was different in young adults with and without PCE (Total N = 57). Thirty‐seven young adults with PCE and 20 with no such exposure, all of whom were members of a longitudinal cohort, were recruited for the study, and data concerning childhood trauma, alexithymia, and emotional regulation were collected. Intercorrelations were performed between the scores on each measure and moderated mediation models were constructed separately with emotional neglect or emotional abuse as the independent variable and emotional reappraisal or emotional suppression as the dependent variable.ResultsPCE status was associated with alexithymia, and alexithymia mediated the relationship between emotional neglect and emotional reappraisal in individuals with PCE but not those without.Discussion and ConclusionsThe data suggest that alexithymia is a mechanism underlying poor use of emotional reappraisal in PCE individuals.Scientific SignificanceIndividuals with early‐life trauma and substance exposure may represent a vulnerable population, and alexithymia may play a key role in the development of emotional regulation skills in this population. (Am J Addict 2020;29:492–499)
Substance Use and Mental Health in Emerging Adult Vs Older Adult Men and Women With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , Campbell Aimee N.C. , Pavlicova Martina , Scodes Jennifer , Burlew A. Kathleen , Hatch‐Maillette Mary , Mennenga Sarah E. , Mitchell Shannon G. , Novo Patricia , Nunes Edward V. , Rotrosen John , Greenfield Shelly F. 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesWe examined age differences across genders in clinical characteristics in emerging adult (≤25 years) vs older adult patients (26+ years) with opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsParticipants (N = 570; 30% female) entering a comparative effectiveness medication trial of buprenorphine vs extended‐release naltrexone.ResultsDifferences in clinical characteristics in emerging adult vs older participants were similar across genders. However, women 26+ years reported more mental health problems compared with women ≤25, while men ≤25 years reported more mental health problems compared with men 26+ years.Discussion and ConclusionDifferent strategies for emerging adult and older patients seeking OUD treatment may be necessary to address psychiatric comorbidities that differ across genders in this population.Scientific SignificanceComprehensive psychiatric assessment should be systematically included in OUD treatment for all genders. Treatment should focus on the emerging adult developmental phase when appropriate, with psychiatric treatment tailored for women and men, separately, across the lifespan. (Am J Addict 2020;29:536–542)
Mixed methods analysis of factors influencing change in clinical behaviours of non‐physician anaesthetists in Kenya following obstetric anaesthesia training
Authors: Lilaonitkul M. , Mishra S. , Pritchard N. , Andhoga J. , Olang’ P. , Kibet E. B. , Walker I. A. , Hart J. , Byrne‐Davis L. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMaternal mortality rates in low‐middle income countries remain high, with sub‐Saharan Africa accounting for two‐thirds of global maternal deaths. Inadequate staff training is one of the main contributors to anaesthesia‐related deaths and the Association of Anaesthetists developed the Safe Anaesthesia from Education course in collaboration with the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists to address this training gap. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this course among Kenyan participants. Mixed methodologies and secondary analyses of anonymised data were used to study translation of learning into practice. In total, 103 participants from 66 facilities who attended courses between 2016 and 2017 were analysed. Ninety (87%) participants who were followed up completed knowledge tests. Baseline median (IQR [range]) knowledge test score was 41 (37–43 [21–46]). There was a significant improvement in median (IQR [range]) knowledge test score immediately post‐course (43 (41–45 [33–48]); p < 0.001) which was sustained at 3–6 month follow‐up (43 (41–45 [32–50]); p < 0.001 compared with baseline). Eighty‐four of the 103 participants were observed in their workplace and capability, opportunity and motivation‐behaviour framework was used to study the barriers and facilitators to practice change. Psychological capability and reflective motivation were the main factors enabling positive behaviour change such as team communication and pre‐operative assessment, whereas physical and social opportunity accounted for the main barriers to behaviours such as performing the surgical safety checklist. Our study demonstrates that the Safe Anaesthesia from Education obstetric course is relevant in the low‐resource setting and may lead to knowledge translation in clinical practice.
The stomach of the wild herbivorous hystricomorph rodent Lagostomus maximus: A comparative histomorphological and histochemical study of the cardiac and pyloric regions
Authors: Tano de la Hoz María Florencia , Longo María Victoria , Vidal Mariana Elena , Flamini Mirta Alicia , Díaz Alcira Ofelia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe plain viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) has been used as an animal model because it has unusual anatomical–physiological characteristics in eutherian mammals. The aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the digestion of L. maximus based on the description of the macroscopic structure of the stomach, and the histologic characterization and glycosylation pattern of the cardiac and pyloric regions. The stomach of L. maximus is monocavitary with an entirely glandular mucosa. This organ presented an acute angular incisura, so the cardiac and the pyloric regions got close together forming a “U” shaped stomach. The techniques applied put into evidence marked variations—according to the anatomical region analysed—in the histochemical profile of the mucous cells of the secreting epithelium, the gastric pits and glands. Moreover, the glycosylation pattern of mucous cells varied along the longitudinal axis of the cardiac and pyloric glands: differences between cells near the gastric pits (superficial zone of the glands) and those near the muscularis mucosae (deep zone of the glands) were observed. The information produced in the present work could be used as a relevant biological tool, contributing to the morphological bases for future anatomical and histophysiological analyses of the species.
Ethanol consumption and sedation are altered in mice lacking the glycine receptor α2 subunit
Authors: San Martin Loreto , Gallegos Scarlet , Araya Anibal , Romero Nicol , Morelli Giovanni , Comhair Joris , Harvey Robert J. , Rigo Jean‐Michel , Brone Bert , Aguayo Luis G. 
Published: May 2020

Background and PurposeThe precise mechanism/s of action of ethanol, although studied for many years, are not well understood. Like other drugs of abuse, ethanol affects dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), an important region of the mesolimbic system, causing a reinforcing effect. It has been shown that glycine receptors (GlyRs) present in the nAc are potentiated by clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol, where α1 and α2 are the predominant subunits expressed.Experimental ApproachUsing a combination of electrophysiology and behavioural assays, we studied the involvement of GlyR α2 subunits on the effects of low and high doses of ethanol, as well as on consumption using mice lacking the GlyR α2 subunit (maleGlra2−/Yand femaleGlra2−/−).Key ResultsGlyR α2 subunits exist in accumbal neurons, since the glycine‐evoked currents and glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) inGlra2−/Ymice were drastically decreased. In behavioural studies, differences in ethanol consumption and sedation were observed between wild‐type (WT) andGlra2knockout (KO) mice. Using the drinking in the dark (DID) paradigm, we found thatGlra2−/Ymice presented a binge‐like drinking behaviour immediately when exposed to ethanol rather than the gradual consumption seen in WT animals. Interestingly, the effect of knocking outGlra2in female (Glra2−/−) mice was less evident, since WT female mice already showed higher DID.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe differences in ethanol consumption between WT and KO mice provide additional evidence supporting the conclusion that GlyRs are biologically relevant targets for the sedative and rewarding properties of ethanol.
Extracellular vesicle long non–coding RNA‐mediated crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: Tiny molecules, huge roles
Authors: Zhang Wei‐long , Liu Yan , Jiang Jian , Tang Ya‐Jie , Tang Ya‐ling , Liang Xin‐hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence has shown that dynamic crosstalk among cells in the tumor microenvironment modulates the progression and chemotherapeutic responses of cancer. Extracellular vesicles comprise a crucial form of intracellular communication through horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules, including long non–coding RNA (lncRNA), to neighboring cells. Three main types of extracellular vesicles are exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, exhibiting a wide range of sizes and different biogenesis. Over the last decade, dysregulation of extracellular vesicle lncRNA has been revealed to remodel the tumor microenvironment and induce aggressive phenotypes of tumor cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth and development. This review will focus on extracellular vesicle lncRNA‐mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and recipient cells, including tumor cells as well as stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and overview the mechanisms by which lncRNA are selectively sorted into extracellular vesicles, which may pave the way for their clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Experience‐Driven Semantic Differentiation: Effects of a Naturalistic Experience on Within‐ and Across‐Domain Differentiation in Children
Authors: Vales Catarina , States Sarah L. , Fisher Anna V. 
Published: May 2020

Organized semantic networks reflecting distinctions within and across domains of knowledge are critical for higher‐level cognition. Thus, understanding how semantic structure changes with experience is a fundamental question in developmental science. This study probed changes in semantic structure in 4–6 year‐old children (N = 29) as a result of participating in an enrichment program at a local botanical garden. This study presents the first direct evidence that (a) the accumulation of experience with items in a domain promoted increases in both within‐ and across‐domain semantic differentiation, and that (b) this experience‐driven semantic differentiation generalized to nonexperienced items. These findings have implications for understanding the role of experience in building semantic networks, and for conceptualizing the contribution of enrichment experiences to academic success.
Association of endocrine active environmental compounds with body mass index and weight loss following bariatric surgery
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Aylward Lesa L. , Rose Martin , Fernandes Alwyn , Sedman Peter , Thatcher Natalie J. , Atkin Stephen L. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to study associations of a wide range of halogenated biphenyls, dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans and diphenylethers with body mass index (BMI) and evaluate changes in their concentration following bariatric surgery.MethodsSubcutaneous fat, visceral fat and liver tissue samples were collected from 106 patients undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery for weight loss or patients who were undergoing abdominal surgery for nonbariatric reasons. We measured concentrations of an extensive panel of chlorinated and brominated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans, and brominated diphenylethers in the samples. We conducted linear regression to examine associations with BMI, adjusting for age and gender. Changes in concentration for indicator chemicals were evaluated in samples collected following bariatric surgery in a small subpopulation.ResultsAfter adjustments for age and gender and correction for multiple testing, seven ortho‐chlorinated biphenyls, one nonortho‐chlorinated biphenyl, four PCDD/Fs and one ortho‐brominated biphenyl were associated with BMI. The strongest associations between BMI and lipid‐adjusted concentrations were seen with PCB‐105 in subcutaneous fat (beta = 16.838 P‐val = 1.45E‐06) PCB‐126 in visceral fat (beta = 15.067 P‐val = 7.72E‐06) and PCB‐118 (beta = 14.101 P‐val = 2.66E‐05) in liver. The concentrations of sum PCBs, chlorinated toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ's) and brominated compounds increased significantly with weight loss in subcutaneous fat in a group of ten individuals resampled up to five years after bariatric surgery and substantial weight loss.ConclusionWe show that selected polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and structurally related polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were associated with BMI. Concentrations of these lipophilic compounds in subcutaneous fat increased following bariatric surgery.
Long‐term results of a randomized study comparing parathyroidectomy with cinacalcet for treating tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Moreno Pablo , Coloma Ana , Torregrosa José V. , Montero Nuria , Francos José , Codina Sergi , Manonelles Anna , Bestard Oriol , García‐Barrasa Arantxa , Melilli Edoardo , Cruzado Josep M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTertiary hyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia after kidney transplantation (KT) and has been associated with renal dysfunction, bone mineral density loss, and increased risk of fracture and cardiovascular events. In a previous 12‐month clinical trial, we demonstrated that subtotal parathyroidectomy was more effective than cinacalcet for controlling hypercalcemia. In the current study, we retrospectively evaluate whether this effect is maintained after 5 years of follow‐up. In total, 24 patients had data available at 5 years, 13 in the cinacalcet group and 11 in the parathyroidectomy group. At 5 years, 7 of 11 patients (64%) in the parathyroidectomy group and 6 of 13 patients (46%) in the cinacalcet group (P = .44) showed normocalcemia. However, recurrence of hypercalcemia was only observed in the cinacalcet group (P = .016). Subtotal parathyroidectomy retained a greater reduction in intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) compared with cinacalcet group. No differences were observed in kidney function and incidence of fragility fractures between both groups. Cinacalcet was discontinued in 5 out of 13 patients. In conclusion, in kidney transplant patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism recurrence of hypercalcemia after 5‐year follow‐up is more frequent in cinacalcet than after subtotal parathyroidectomy.
Facing the option for the legalisation of cannabis use and supply in New Zealand: An overview of relevant evidence, concepts and considerations
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Daldegan‐Bueno Dimitri , Boden Joseph M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIssuesNon‐medical cannabis policies are changing, including towards legalisation‐with‐regulation frameworks. New Zealand will hold a public referendum on cannabis legalisation in 2020. We reviewed data on cannabis use and health/social harms; policy reform options; experiences with and outcomes of reforms elsewhere; and other relevant considerations towards informing policy choices in the upcoming referendum.ApproachRelevant epidemiological, health, social, criminal justice and policy studies and data were identified and comprehensively reviewed.Key FindingsCannabis use is common (including in New Zealand) and associated with risks for health and social harms, mainly concentrated in young users; key harms are attributable to criminalisation. ‘Decriminalisation’ reforms have produced ambivalent results. Existing cannabis legalisation frameworks vary considerably in main parameters. Legalisation offers some distinct advantages, for example regulated use, products and user education, yet outcomes depend on essential regulation parameters, including commercialisation, and policy ecologies. While major changes in use are not observed, legalisation experiences are inconclusive to date, including mixed health and social outcomes, with select harms increasing and resilient illegal markets. It is unclear whether legalisation reduces cannabis exposure or social harms (e.g. from enforcement) for youth.Implications/ConclusionsNo conclusive overall evidence on the outcomes of legalisation elsewhere exists, nor is evidence easily transferable to other settings. Legalisation offers direct social justice benefits for adults, yet overall public health impacts are uncertain. Legalisation may not categorically improve health or social outcomes for youth. Legalisation remains a well‐intended, while experimental policy option towards more measured and sensible cannabis control and overall greater policy coherence, requiring close monitoring and possible adjustments depending on setting‐specific outcomes.
Community stakeholders' perspectives on youth mental health in India: Problems, challenges and recommendations
Authors: Dhandapani Vijaya Raghavan , Chandrasekaran Sangeetha , Singh Saurabh , Sood Mamta , Chadda Rakesh K , Shah Jai , Iyer Srividya , Meyer Caroline , Mohan Mohapradeep , Birchwood Max , Madan Jason , Currie Graeme , Ramachandran Padmavati , Rangaswamy Thara , Singh Swaran Preet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndia has a large youth population whose mental health needs must be addressed. This includes promotion of positive mental health, with early detection and effective intervention for mental health disorders. Understanding the perspectives of community stakeholders working with youth is pivotal to this effort. Current study aimed to bring together a group of community stakeholders (eg, parents, teachers, policy makers) to understand their perspectives on youth mental health problems, challenges in provision of care, and to provide recommendations to address these concerns at national level.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted across two sites in India: Chennai and New Delhi. Three group meetings were conducted involving 52 participants, including governmental, non‐governmental and community representatives working with youth. The proceedings were manually recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis method.ResultsMany youth mental health problems were similar across the two sites. The commonest drivers of mental health problems were reported to be academic pressure, substance use and problematic internet/social media use. Stigma and lack of awareness were identified as the most important challenges acting as barriers to seeking mental health help by youth. Prioritizing youth mental health as a national programmes along with strong political will were the major recommendations suggested by the stakeholders.ConclusionInitial findings suggest that prioritizing youth mental health programmes in India would be advantageous. Inclusive and collaborative approach, involving community stakeholders working with youth in providing services that promote mental health and early access to care will help in developing healthy young citizens.
Historic and modern genomes unveil a domestic introgression gradient in a wild red junglefowl population
Authors: Wu Meng Yue , Low Gabriel Weijie , Forcina Giovanni , van Grouw Hein , Lee Benjamin P. Y‐H. , Oh Rachel Rui Ying , Rheindt Frank E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe red junglefowl Gallus gallus is the ancestor of the domestic chicken and arguably the most important bird species on Earth. Continual gene flow between domestic and wild populations has compromised its gene pool, especially since the last century when human encroachment and habitat loss would have led to increased contact opportunities. We present the first combined genomic and morphological admixture assessment of a native population of red junglefowl, sampled from recolonized parts of its former range in Singapore, partly using whole genomes resequenced from dozens of individuals. Crucially, this population was genomically anchored to museum samples from adjacent Peninsular Malaysia collected ~110–150 years ago to infer the magnitude of modern domestic introgression across individuals. We detected a strong feral–wild genomic continuum with varying levels of domestic introgression in different subpopulations across Singapore. Using a trait scoring scheme, we determined morphological thresholds that can be used by conservation managers to successfully identify individuals with low levels of domestic introgression, and selected traits that were particularly useful for predicting domesticity in genomic profiles. Our study underscores the utility of combined genomic and morphological approaches in population management and suggests a way forward to safeguard the allelic integrity of wild red junglefowl in perpetuity.
Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Meitern Richard , Fort Jérôme , Giraudeau Mathieu , Rattiste Kalev , Sild Elin , Sepp Tuul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular mechanisms of natural cancer resistance can lead to new insights into the evolution of protective mechanisms against neoplastic processes and to a wider understanding of natural cancer defense mechanisms. Such knowledge could then eventually be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies. We suggest here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages. We here apply a novel, intraspecific approach of comparing old and young seabirds for improving our understanding of aging and neoplastic processes in natural settings. We used the long‐lived common gulls (Larus canus) for studying the age‐related pattern of expression of cancer‐related genes, based on transcriptome analysis and databases of orthologues of human cancer genes. The analysis of differently expressed cancer‐related genes between young and old gulls indicated that similarly to humans, age is potentially affecting cancer risk in this species. Out of eleven differentially expressed cancer‐related genes between the groups, three were likely artifactually linked to cancer. The remaining eight were downregulated in old gulls compared to young ones. The downregulation of five of them could be interpreted as a mechanism suppressing neoplasia risk and three as increasing the risk. Based on these results, we suggest that old gulls differ from young ones both from the aspect of cancer susceptibility and tumor suppression at the genetic level.