bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 “long Covid” patients and draft quality criteria for services
Authors: Ladds Emma , Rushforth Alex , Wieringa Sietse , Taylor Sharon , Rayner Clare , Husain Laiba , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 10% of patients with Covid-19 experience symptoms beyond 3-4 weeks. Patients call this “long Covid”. We sought to document the lived experience of such patients, their accounts of accessing and receiving healthcare, and their ideas for improving services.MethodWe held 55 individual interviews and 8 focus groups (n = 59) with people recruited from UK-based long Covid patient support groups, social media and snowballing. We restricted some focus groups to health professionals since they had already self-organised into online communities. Participants were invited to tell their personal stories and comment on others’ stories. Data were audiotaped, transcribed, anonymised and coded using NVIVO. Analysis incorporated sociological theories of illness, healing, peer support, the clinical relationship, access to care, and service redesign.ResultsThe sample was 70% female, aged 27-73 years, and comprised White British (74%), Asian (11%), White Other (7%), Black (4%), and Mixed (4%). 27 were doctors and 23 other health professionals. 10% had been hospitalised. Analysis revealed a confusing illness with many, varied and often relapsing-remitting symptoms and uncertain prognosis; a heavy sense of loss and stigma; difficulty accessing and navigating services; difficulty being taken seriously and achieving a diagnosis; disjointed and siloed care (including inability to access specialist services); variation in standards (e.g. inconsistent criteria for seeing, investigating and referring patients); variable quality of the therapeutic relationship (some participants felt well supported while others felt “fobbed off”); and possible critical events (e.g. deterioration after being unable to access services). Emotional touch points in participants’ experiences informed ideas for improving services.ConclusionQuality principles for a long Covid service should include ensuring access to care, reducing burden of illness, taking clinical responsibility and providing continuity of care, multi-disciplinary rehabilitation, evidence-based investigation and management, and further development of the knowledge base and clinical services.Study registrationNCT04435041
Association between early discontinuation of endocrine therapy and recurrence of breast cancer among premenopausal women in a Danish population-based cohort
Authors: Collin Lindsay J , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P , Ahern Thomas P , Goodman Michael , McCullough Lauren E , Waller Lance A , Kjærsgaard Anders , Damkier Per , Christiansen Peer M , Ejlertsen Bent , Jensen Maj-Britt , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Lash Timothy L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPurposePremenopausal women diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer are prescribed 5–10 years of endocrine therapy to prevent or delay recurrence. Many women who initiate endocrine therapy fail to complete the recommended course of treatment. In this study, we evaluated the association between early discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy and breast cancer recurrence in a cohort of premenopausal women.Patients and MethodsWe identified 4,503 premenopausal ER+ breast cancer patients who initiated adjuvant endocrine therapy and were registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database (2002–2011). Women were excluded if they had a recurrence or were lost to follow-up less than 1.5 years after breast cancer surgery. Endocrine therapy was considered complete if the patient received at least 4.5 years of treatment or discontinued medication less than 6 months before recurrence. Exposure status was updated annually and modeled as a time-dependent variable. We accounted for baseline and time-varying confounders via time-varying weights, which we calculated from multivariable logistic regression models and included in regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI) associating early discontinuation with breast cancer recurrence.ResultsOver the course of follow-up, 1,001 (22%) women discontinued endocrine therapy. We observed 202 (20%) recurrences among those who discontinued endocrine therapy, and 388 (11%) among those who completed the recommended treatment. The multivariable-adjusted estimated rate of recurrence was higher in women who discontinued endocrine therapy relative to those who completed their treatment (HR=1.67, 95% CI 1.25, 2.14).ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of clinical follow-up and behavioral interventions that support persistence of adjuvant endocrine therapy to prevent breast cancer recurrence.
Product line design with vertical and horizontal consumer heterogeneity: the effect of distribution channel structure on the optimal quality and customization levels
Authors: Tookanlou Parisa Bagheri , Wong Hartanto Wijaya 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of optimal product line design in marketing channels where consumers are heterogeneous in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper develops a model to evaluate when it is preferable for a firm to extend the product line in a vertical or horizontal direction. Consumers are modeled as being vertically heterogeneous with respect to their valuation of quality and horizontally heterogeneous with respect to their preference on the esthetic component of the product. These model characteristics allow us to consider a broader set of product line extension strategies. By considering both a vertically integrated channel and a decentralized channel, this study investigates how channel structure influences optimal product line design. The problem with supplemental numerical analyses is mathematically analyzed.

Findings
The analysis shows that a horizontal product line extension strategy that offers the customized product can be used as an alternative to a vertical product line extension strategy. If the fixed cost is not too high, offering the customized product with low quality may be preferred to the quality-based segmentation strategy. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the channel structure is influential as the preference for the horizontal product line extension strategy is more pronounced in the decentralized channel than in the centralized channel.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis presented in this paper is limited by the consideration of full market coverage. Further research is needed to see how the results can be generalized to the case with partial market coverage.

Practical implications
The analysis suggests that a firm may consider product customization as part of its product line strategy. Information regarding market characteristics and channel structure is important when deciding on the optimal product line design.

Originality/value
The model reflects a more realistic marketing strategy and channel structure than previous studies that typically consider product line extension in only one direction and focus on the centralized distribution channel. Combining the standard product line extension and customization strategies also represents an important contribution to the literature. These extensions produce interesting new results and insights into a firm’s optimal product line design strategy.
Characteristics of women's basic bodice pattern formation in relation to the anthropometric references
Authors: Kim In Hwa , Han Hyunsook , Shin Su-Jeong Hwang 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of study is to investigate effectiveness of pattern technique in relation to the use of anthropometric references for drafting women's basic bodice patterns by assessing characteristics of pattern formation, quantification of wearing ease on the transverse plan and actual ease distribution on body forms.Design/methodology/approachThree pattern drafting techniques were analyzed, which have different frequency of using direct body measurements for pattern formulation. Ease quantification and wearing ease distribution were evaluated on the two different body forms: a young female body and a heavy woman body. Women's basic bodice patterns were drafted with YUKA CAD and virtually draped on the two body forms with CLO 3D. Rapidform was used to evaluate garment appearance. Areal ease and its distribution were assessed. A deviation map was used for wrinkle analysis.FindingsCompared to the pattern formation derived from few anthropometric references, patterns using sufficient anthropometric references provided overall better fit for the different body forms. Ease distribution without considering body arcs was found to be a cause of garment fit problems. Patterns with little or no ease caused transverse fine wrinkles and skewed side seams. Pattern techniques those used linear equations caused problems on the bust because the formulation could not reflect bust protrusions in relation to the body torso shape differences.Originality/valueThis study revealed characteristics of pattern formulae and linear equations in relation to anthropometric references and body shapes. The findings may be effective in developing algorithm of the customized pattern formation in the industry.
From global phenomenon to framework for living: using the beautiful game creatively to provide therapeutic care for unaccompanied male adolescents seeking asylum in Ireland
Authors: Hoare Rachel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore, through the composite character of Jaheem, a 16-year-old unaccompanied male from sub Saharan Africa seeking asylum in Ireland (UMSA), the different ways in which football, experienced as a global physical pursuit, a lingua franca and an important site of participation and belonging, can facilitate the development of the therapeutic relationship and the building of coping skills in creative psychotherapy.

Design/methodology/approach
The composite narrative approach draws on notes taken by the author immediately after the psychotherapy sessions of seven UMSA between 2016 and 2019, for whom football became part of the therapy process. The experiences captured in the notes were combined and are re-presented and explored through the composite character of Jaheem.

Findings
Drawing on the different facets of football was a key factor in developing the therapeutic relationship. This progressed naturally into using player images to identify and explore the expression of difficult feelings, using football talk as a lingua franca and exploring experiences through football as a metaphor for life.

Research limitations/implications
The risk of Jaheem not being representative of the seven UMSA was mitigated by the psychotherapist’s expertise in this context which informed her judgement of what to include in a meaningful and representative composite.

Originality/value
Using the rarely used composite narrative approach to capture the potential of engaging with the football theme in a therapeutic setting with UMSA males.
The Spanish paradox: demand growth with productivity stagnation
Authors: Cárdenas del Rey Luis , Fernandez-Sanchez Rafael 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper studies one of the most paradoxical facts of the Spanish economic growth during the period 1982–2007: high growth of investment and aggregate demand accompanied by the stagnation of labor productivity, especially from 1994.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose two hypotheses: first, that the productive structure neutralized the mechanisms that link investment with productivity, essentially due to the low capital efficiency of the job-creating sectors (JCs); and consequently, investment drove production almost exclusively through employment, generating a trade-off between employment and productivity.FindingsThe econometric results find evidence in favor of both hypotheses applying a time-series methodology (ARIMA) to EU KLEMS data for a period of 25 years and 25 industries of the Spanish economy.Originality/valueThe first contribution of this paper is to offer an interpretation of the phenomenon from a perspective that combines elements of productive supply and aggregate demand, representing a novel contribution to the specialized literature. In addition, the authors show how the Kaldor-Verdoorn law could be neutralized due to employment creation (Okun's law) and the presence of a productivity-employment trade-off.
Assessing global systemically important banks and implications for entrepreneurship: a hierarchy stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis
Authors: Angilella Silvia , Mazzù Sebastiano 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe financial crisis of 2007–2008 has brought critical attention to those financial institutions whose high destabilizing effects can have an impact on the financial system. Basel Committee (BIS) has introduced a set of regulations to identify such banks, defined global systemically important banks (G-SIBs). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the robustness of the BIS's methodology.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) approach is considered, specifically HSMAA (hierarchy stochastic multiobjective acceptability analysis), which can take into account uncertainty on BIS's criteria weights as standard SMAA, but also uncertainty with respect to the subcriteria of the considered criteria. The results are analyzed to provide insights into the robustness of the BIS's methodology.FindingsThe obtained results indicate that overall the BIS's methodology does not appear robust. Within the two uncertainty scenarios considered, the results show a great variability in identifying the G-SIBs' systemic risk.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an analytical way to assess the robustness of the BIS's methodology. Moreover, the authors’ analysis reveals a great variability on the results, which highlight different issues for banks, regulators and enterprises.
Multidimensional trait morphology predicts ecology across ant lineages
Authors: Sosiak Christine E. , Barden Phillip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Understanding the link between ecology and morphology is a fundamental goal in biology. Ants are diverse terrestrial organisms, known to exhibit ecologically driven morphological variation. While relationships between individual traits and ecologies have been identified, multidimensional interactions among traits and their cumulative predictive power remain unknown. As selective pressures may generate convergent syndromes spanning multiple traits, we applied multivariate analyses across a wide sampling of taxa to assess ecomorphological variation in an integrative context.

How well does morphology predict ecology? Moreover, are there quantitatively supported ant ecomorphs? We investigated the links between trait morphology and ecology by assembling a morphometric dataset spanning over 160 species within 110 genera. As ants occupy a wide range of ecologies, we compiled natural history data on nesting microhabitat, foraging stratum and functional role into 35 defined niche combinations. This tripartite ecological classification and our morphological dataset were optimized under dimension reduction techniques including principal component analysis, principal coordinate analysis, linear discriminant analysis and random forest supervised machine learning.

Our results describe ant ecomorphospace as comprising regions of shared, generalized morphology as well as unique phenotypic space associated with specialized ecologies. Dimension reduction and model‐based approaches predict ecology with 77%–85% accuracy and Random Forest analysis consistently outperforms LDA. While accounting for shared ancestry, we found eye, antennal scape and leg morphology to be most informative in differentiating among ecologies. We also note some heterogeneity between trait significance in each ecological aspect (nesting niche, foraging niche, functional role). To increase the utility of ecomorphological classification we simplified our 35 observed niche combinations into 10 ecomorph syndromes, which were also predicted by morphology. The predictive power of these machine learning methods underscores the strong role that ecology has in convergently shaping overall body plan morphology across ant lineages. We include a pipeline for predictive ecomorphological modelling using morphometric data, which may be expanded with additional specimen‐based and natural history data.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Support for a relationship between demography and modeled habitat suitability is scale dependent for the purple martinProgne subis
Authors: Williams Heather M. , Siegrist Joe , Wilson Adam M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) estimate habitat suitability for species in geographic space. They are extensively used in conservation under the assumption that there is a positive relationship between habitat suitability and species success and stability.Given the difficulties in obtaining demographic data across a species' range, this assumption is rarely tested. Here we provide a range‐wide test of this relationship for the eastern subspecies of purple martinProgne subis subis.We build a well‐supported SDM for the breeding range of the purple martin, and pair it with an unparalleled demographic dataset of nest success and local and regional abundance data for the species to test the proposed link between habitat suitability and fecundity and demography.We find a positive relationship between regional abundance and habitat suitability but no relationship between local abundance or fecundity and habitat suitability.Our data suggest that local success is driven largely by biotic and stochastic factors and raise the possibility that purple martins are experiencing a time lag in their distribution. More broadly our results call for caution in how we interpret SDMs and do not support the assumption that areas of high habitat suitability are the best areas for species persistence.
Effects of ambient temperatures on evolutionary potential of reproductive timing in boreal passerines
Authors: Vatka Emma , Orell Markku , Rytkönen Seppo , Merilä Juha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Many populations need to adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as warming climate. Changing conditions generate directional selection for traits critical for fitness. For evolutionary responses to occur, these traits need to be heritable. However, changes in environmental conditions can alter the amount of heritable variation a population expresses, making predictions about expected responses difficult.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperatures on evolutionary potential and strength of natural selection on the timing of reproduction in two passerine birds breeding in boreal forests.

Long‐term data on individually marked Willow Tits Poecile montanus (1975–2018) and Great Tits Parus major (1969–2018) were analysed with random regression animal models to assess if spring temperatures affect the expressed amount of additive genetic variation (VA) and heritability (h2) in the timing of breeding. We assessed if ambient temperatures of different seasons influenced the direction and strength of selection on breeding time. We also evaluated if the strength of selection covaried with evolutionary potential.

Levels of VA or h2 expressed in laying date were unaffected by spring temperatures in both study species. Selection for earlier breeding was found in the Willow Tit, but not in the Great Tit. In the Willow Tit, selection for earlier breeding was more intense when the temperatures of following autumns and winters were low. Different measures of evolutionary potential did not covary strongly with the strength of selection in either species.

We conclude that there is no or little evidence that climate warming would either constrain or promote evolutionary potential in timing of breeding through changes in amount of genetic variance expressed in boreal Willow and Great Tits. However, selection on the timing of breeding, a life‐history event taking place in springtime, is regulated by temperatures of autumns and winters. Rapid warming of these periods have thus potential to reduce the rate of expected evolutionary response in reproductive timing.
Lupine allergens: Clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross‐reactivity, and detection strategies
Authors: Villa Caterina , Costa Joana , Mafra Isabel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLupine is commonly utilized as a technological food and ingredient in a great variety of processed products (snacks, bakery, meat, and dairy products) principally owing to its nutritional value and technological properties. However, its ingestion, even at trace amounts (in the range of mg protein per kg of food), can lead to severe adverse reactions in allergic individuals. Lupine belongs to the Leguminosae family, having the conglutins (α‐, β‐, δ‐, and γ‐) as allergens, among other proteins. Cross‐sensitization of lupine‐sensitized individuals with other legume species, mainly peanut, can occur, but the associated clinical reactivity is still unclear. The protection of the sensitized individuals should depend on an avoidance diet, which should rely on the compliance of food labeling and, as such, on their verification by analytical methods. Food processing, such as heat treatments, has an important influence on the structural properties of lupine proteins, altering their detectability and allergenicity. In this review, different aspects related with lupine allergy are described, namely, the overall prevalence, clinical relevance, diagnosis, and treatment. The characterization of lupine allergens and their potential cross‐reactivity with other legumes are critically discussed. The effects of food matrix, processing, and digestibility on lupine proteins, as well as the available analytical tools for detecting lupine at trace levels in foods, are also herein emphasized.
Novel O‐propyl, S‐propyl, and N‐propyl substituted 1,4‐naphthoquinones and 1,4‐anthraquinones as potential fingermark development reagents for porous surfaces
Authors: Berkil Akar Kıymet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLawsone is a 2‐substituted‐1,4‐naphthoquinone derivative, which has been proposed as an alternative to the reagents currently used for fingermark detection on porous surfaces. 2‐substituted‐anthraquinones, which contain an additional conjugated benzene ring, have a similar chemical structure to that of lawsone. In this study, a new series of 2‐substituted‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and 2‐substituted‐1,4‐anthraquinones were synthesized and completely characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, IR, and HPLC‐TOF/MS analyses. All newly synthesized 2‐substituted‐1,4‐quinones were investigated for their ability to develop latent fingermarks on porous surfaces, and this ability was compared with that of lawsone. Each fingermark developed was graded using an established method; thus, quantitative data were attributed to each fingermark. It has been demonstrated that the 1,4‐quinones react with amino acids present in latent fingermarks on selected paper surfaces to produce faint yellow‐orange impressions, which exhibit strong photoluminescence when illuminated with a forensic light source at 440 nm and observed through a red filter. None of the compounds caused background darkening. The results obtained were generally similar to those of lawsone, however, 8‐dibromo‐2‐(propylamino)naphthalene‐1,4‐dione and 5,8‐dibromo‐2‐(propylthio)naphthalene‐1,4‐dione yielded better results for copier paper and colored (blue) copier paper used in this analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of 1,4‐anthraquinone derivatives as potential fingermark development reagents. The results indicate that 1,4‐quinones have a potential to be used as reagents for enhancement of latent fingermarks.