bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian network analysis of open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Dong Lin , Qin Yu , Ya Lu , Liang Cao , Tinghui Hu , Pinlin He , Jin Yang , Youliang Wang , Shu Cui , Tao Wu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
We have performed the direct and network meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted (RARC) versus laparoscopic (LRC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer (BCa).

Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was performed up until Dec 20, 2019. Outcome indexes include oncologic outcomes (the recurrence rate, mortality), pathologic outcomes (lymph node yield (LNY), positive lymph node (PLN), positive surgical margins (PSM)), perioperative outcomes (operating time (OP), estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion rate, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the time to regular diet) and postoperative 90-day complications.

Results:
We have analyzed 6 RCTs, 23 prospective studies, and 25 retrospective studies (54 articles: 6382 patients). On one hand, the direct meta-analysis shows RARC is better than LRC or ORC. On the other hand, the clinical effects of the recurrence rate, Morbidity, PSM, LNY, PLN, and postoperative 90-day complications of RARC, LRC and ORC are all no statistical significance by network meta-analysis. Moreover, the probability rank shows that the comprehensive rank of RARC is better than LRC or ORC. The clinical effects of OP, EBL, LOS, blood transfusion rate and the time to regular diet are all statistical significance by network meta-analysis. There are ORC > LRC > RARC in the EBL ranking. Patients with RARC exhibited a decrease of LOS compared to those with LRC or ORC. Patients with RARC exhibited a decrease in blood transfusion rate and the time to regular diet compared to those with ORC. Patients with ORC exhibited an increase of OP compared to those with RARC or LRC. The heterogeneity tests of most studies are < 50%. Most studies have no publication bias and the quality of the selected studies is good.

Conclusion:
The direct meta-analysis and network meta-analysis suggest that RARC is better than LRC or ORC according to comprehensive analysis. However, we need a large sample size and more high-quality studies to verify and improve in the further.
Ovarian Inflammation Mass Mimicking Recurrent Rectal Cancer 17 Years After Surgery
Authors: Shen Guohua , Kuang Anren 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 58-year-old woman diagnosed with rectal cancer received surgery and chemotherapy 17 years ago, and since then, she has been tumor-free. However, 1 month ago, she complained of progressive abdominal and pelvic pain. MRI scans revealed a soft-tissue ovarian mass with heterogeneous signals in the right pelvis, showing obvious enhancement after contrast injection. On PET/CT images, the lesion presented with intense FDG accumulation. Above imaging findings raised the possibility of tumor recurrence, and thus exploratory laparotomy was performed. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of active inflammation with fibrous tissue hyperplasia.
Impact of Cardiac Risk Factors in the Postsurgical Outcomes of Patients With Cleft Lip
Authors: Goodenough Christopher J. , Anderson Kathryn T. , Cepeda Alfredo , Smith Kari E. , Hanfland Robert A. , Wadhwa Nitin , Teichgraeber John F. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Congenital cardiac comorbidities represent a potentially elevated risk for complications in patients undergoing cleft lip repair. National databases, such as the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIP-P) allow for analysis of large national datasets to assess these risks and potential complications. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of complications in patients undergoing cleft lip repair with congenital cardiac co-morbidities using the NSQIP-P.
The 2012 to 2014 NSQIP-P databases were queried for patients undergoing cleft lip repair. Data abstracted for analysis included demographic, clinical, and outcomes data. Patients with cleft lip were stratified based on the presence or absence of congenital cardiac comorbidities. Univariate analysis and step-wise, forward logistic regression were performed to compare these groups.
Nationally, between 2012 and 2014, 2126 patients underwent cleft lip repair, 227 with cardiac disease, and 1899 without cardiac disease. Weights were similar between the groups at the time of surgery, though patients with cardiac comorbidities were older. Postoperatively, cardiac disease patients were more likely to experience an adverse event. Specifically, they were more likely to experience reintubation, reoperation, longer length of stay, and death. Rates of surgical site infection and dehiscence were not different between the groups.
This study demonstrates that cleft lip repair in patients with congenital heart defects is safe. However, patients undergoing cleft lip repair with comorbid congenital cardiac disease were more likely to experience adverse events. Cardiac patients require special preoperative evaluation before repair of their cleft lip, but do not appear to experience worse wound-related outcomes.
Use of Keystone Flaps in Consideration of the Facial Aesthetic Subunit Concept as an Alternative Reconstructive Option for Nasal Defect Coverage
Authors: Lee Hyun Gun , Kong Yu Taek , Kim Kyu Nam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nasal defect coverage has some challenging aspects for plastic surgeons because of the midfacial location of the nose and the relationship between convexities and concavities of nasal subunits. The authors described our experience with performing keystone flap (KF) nasal reconstruction in accordance with the facial aesthetic subunit concept and demonstrated the expanding versatility of KFs in nasal reconstruction. Between January 2017 and February 2020, 15 patients (average age, 72.07 ± 13.00 years, range: 38–88 years) underwent KF reconstruction for nasal defects. We performed KF reconstruction in accordance with the facial aesthetic subunit concept. Data, including the defect causes and locations, defect sizes, flap sites and sizes, types of KFs, flap survival, complications, and follow-up period for each patient were reviewed retrospectively. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by independent plastic surgeons and patients through satisfactory postoperative surveys. Sixteen defects occurred in 15 patients. The defect sizes ranged from 0.8 × 1 cm to 2.5 × 3 cm. The flap sizes ranged from 1.5 × 3.5 cm to 4 × 6 cm. All defects were successfully covered with KFs from adjacent subunits. All flaps survived without any postoperative complications. At the mean follow-up period of 8.33 ± 2.92 months, the objective cosmetic outcomes were rated favorably, and the average subjective patient satisfaction score was 7.93 ± 1.28 on a scale of 1 to 10. We suggest that using KF reconstruction in consideration of the facial aesthetic subunit concept can be a promising alternative modality for covering nasal defects with outstanding aesthetic outcomes.
Flumazenil for Successful Seizure Induction With Electroconvulsive Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Uchinuma Niina , Yasuda Kazuyuki , Iwata Yusuke , Hirata Takashi , Uemura Takuji , Tamaoki Toshio , Suzuki Takefumi 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated for various psychiatric situations that are difficult to manage otherwise and may be regarded as a last resort but seizure induction is sometimes difficult, resulting in inadequate trials and futile outcomes.

Method
We report on a 72-year-old female patient with bipolar depression whose seizure induction with ECT was challenging but the use of flumazenil was deemed effective to obtain remission in the end. We also provide a literature review on this topic.

Results
Seizure induction was managed with the use of flumazenil, a selective GABA-A receptor antagonist to neutralize the effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics, together with decreasing the amount of anesthesia, increasing the pulse width, and adding chlorpromazine. A PubMed search with keywords of flumazenil and ECT yielded only 14 hits (December 2020) and found some indication that flumazenil might be of use for this purpose even in the absence of benzodiazepines, although evidence base has remained very limited.

Conclusions
Flumazenil, an antidote of benzodiazepines, may be effective regardless of whether benzodiazepines are in use. Because inefficient ECT is clinically problematic, more studies are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of flumazenil for successful seizure induction with ECT.
Modelling of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and herd immunity, in scenarios of limited and full vaccine supply in NSW, Australia
Authors: MacIntyre C Raina , Costantino Valentina , Trent Mallory 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are expected to be available in Australia in 2021. Initial supply is likely to be limited, and will require a judicious vaccination strategy until supply is unrestricted. If vaccines have efficacy as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in contacts, this provides more policy options. We used a deterministic mathematical model of epidemic response with limited supply (age-targeted or ring vaccination) and mass vaccination for the State of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia. For targeted vaccination, the effectiveness of vaccinating health workers, young people and older adults was compared. For mass vaccination, we tested varying vaccine efficacy (VE) and distribution capacities. With a limited vaccine stockpile of 1 million doses in NSW, if there is efficacy as PEP, the most efficient way to control COVID-19 will be ring vaccination, however at least 90% of contacts per case needs to be traced and vaccinated. Health worker vaccination is required for health system resilience. Age based strategies with restricted doses make minimal impact on the epidemic, but vaccinating older people prevents more deaths. Herd immunity can only be achieved with mass vaccination. With 90% VE, herd immunity can be achieved by vaccinating 66% of the population. A vaccine with less than 70% VE cannot achieve herd immunity and will result in ongoing risk of outbreaks. For mass vaccination, distributing at least 60,000 doses per day is required to achieve control. Slower rates of vaccination will result in the population living with COVID-19 longer, and higher cases and deaths.
Clinicopathological Evaluation of Dry eyes and Ocular surface in Newly diagnosed patients of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism and its Comparison to Healthy Subjects
Authors: Paharia Nidhi , Agrawal Nikhil , Agrawal Shruti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate tear function test, corneal surface disorder in recently diagnosed hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients and to compare results with healthy subjects.Setting/VenueMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaMethodsCross sectional analytical study. 30 recently diagnosed (within 3 months of diagnosis) patients of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism each and 30 healthy age matched controls were included. All patients and controls underwent assessment of proptosis, Palpebral fissure-height (PFH), tear function test (OSDI questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and Tear Break-up-time (TBUT) and Impression Cytology for ocular surface assessment. These parameters were compared between cases and controls. Standard statistical analysis was used.ResultsMean Proptosis and PFH showed no significant difference among groups (P value =0.071). Mean value of OSDI was 42.33+22.67, 41.15+16.03 and 29.33+6.84 in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid & Controls respectively, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.001).Mean TBUT was 7.13+3.28 sec, 6.38+2.46 sec, and 11.15+2.39 sec in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and controls respectively (p=0.001). Mean value of Schirmer tear test was 12.93+5.81mm, 13.30+4.44mm, and 17.55+7.35mm in hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism and controls respectively (p=0.001). 80% of patients in hyperthyroidism group had grade 2-3 squamous metaplasia as compared to 70% in hypothyroidism patients and 24.4% in controls, signifying ocular surface damage (p<0.05).ConclusionsMean PFH and proptosis did not differ between three groups. However, increased OSDI score, decreased Schirmer’s test value, decreased TBUT and grade 2-3 squamous metaplasia in patients of thyroid dysfunction suggests presence of dry eyes. Despite no clinically visible signs of thyroid ophthalmopathy, there is ocular surface damage right from the early stages of thyroid dysfunction. This is attributable to evaporative mechanism as well as ocular surface inflammation and hyperosmolarity of tear film.
Cohort profile: The Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot cohort: a prospective study for the late adolescence
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Wei , Liu Ke-Qi , Wang Ping-Yu , Liu Jun-Quan , Chen Jin-Yang , Xu Xue-Jin , Xu Jin-Jian , Qiu Mo-Chang , Sun Yi , Liu Chun , Bai Wei-Yang , Zhao Pian-Pian , Xia Jiangwei , Gai Si-Rui , Guan Peng-Lin , Qian Yu , Cong Pei-Kuan , Xie Shu-Yang , Wang Bin , Zheng Hou-Feng 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot cohort is a population-based prospective study with its major purpose to better understand the effect of genetic and environmental factors on growth and development from adolescents to adults. The dataset comprises a wide range of demographics, anthropometric measures, physical activity, sleep quality, age at menarche and bone mineral density.ParticipantsA total of 14,726 participants (4,751 males and 9975 females) aged 14 to 25 years were recruited and the baseline survey was carried out from 2017 to 2019. The pilot cohort contains rich range of information regarding of demographics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and heart rate, lifestyle and sleep patterns, biological, clinical and health outcomes.Findings to dateThere were most of the participants were Chinese Han ethnic (97.78%), and more than 60% of them were originally from rural areas. For anthropometry measurements, the mean height and weight were 172.92 cm and 65.81 kg for men, and 160.13 cm and 52.85 kg for women; the mean waist, hip and thigh circumference were 75.51cm, 90.75cm and 51.56 cm in men, and 71.67cm, 89.75cm and 51.68 among women. Results indicated that the prevalence of underweight in female was much higher than male, but the prevalence of overweight and obesity in female was lower than male. The mean of serum 25(OH)D level in the 14,726 young participants was 22.39 ng/ml, and male had higher level of serum 25(OH)D than female, overall, 33.47% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency and even more participants suffered from vitamin D insufficiency (58.17%). The proportion of deficiency in women was much higher than that in men (41.83 vs. 16.35%).Future plansWBBC is designed as a prospective cohort study and provides a unique and rich data set analyzing health trajectories of Chinese adolescents to young adults.
Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality
Authors: Morgenlander William , Henson Stephanie , Monaco Daniel , Chen Athena , Littlefield Kirsten , Bloch Evan M. , Fujimura Eric , Ruczinski Ingo , Crowley Andrew R. , Natarajan Harini , Butler Savannah E. , Weiner Joshua A. , Li Mamie Z. , Bonny Tania S. , Benner Sarah E. , Balagopal Ashwin , Sullivan David , Shoham Shmuel , Quinn Thomas C. , Eshleman Susan , Casadevall Arturo , Redd Andrew D. , Laeyendecker Oliver , Ackerman Margaret E. , Pekosz Andrew , Elledge Stephen J. , Robinson Matthew , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Larman H. Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 convalescent plasma, particularly plasma with high-titer SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibodies, has been successfully used for treatment of COVID-19. The functionality of convalescent plasma varies greatly, but the association of antibody epitope specificities with plasma functionality remains uncharacterized. We assessed antibody functionality and reactivities to peptides across the CoV2 and the four endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) genomes in 126 COVID-19 convalescent plasma donations. We found strong correlation between plasma functionality and polyclonal antibody targeting of CoV2 spike protein peptides. Antibody reactivity to many HCoV spike peptides also displayed strong correlation with plasma functionality, including pan-coronavirus cross-reactive epitopes located in a conserved region of the fusion peptide. After accounting for antibody cross-reactivity, we identified an association between greater alphacoronavirus NL63 antibody responses and development of highly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. We also found that plasma preferentially reactive to the CoV2 receptor binding domain (RBD), versus the betacoronavirus HKU1 RBD, had higher neutralizing titer. Finally, we developed a two-peptide serosignature that identifies plasma donations with high anti-S titer but that suffer from low neutralizing activity. These results suggest that analysis of coronavirus antibody fine specificities may be useful for selecting therapeutic plasma with desired functionalities.
Effect of daily periodic human movement on dengue dynamics: the case of the 2010 outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico
Authors: Tocto-Erazo Mayra R. , Olmos-Liceaga Daniel , Montoya José A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe human movement plays an important rol in the spread of infectious diseases. On an urban scale, people move daily to workplaces, schools, among others. Here, we are interested in exploring the effect of the daily local stay on the variations of some characteristics of dengue dynamics such as the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers. For this, we use a two-patch mathematical model that explicitly considers that daily mobility of people and real data from the 2010 dengue outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico. Based on a preliminary cluster analysis, we divide the city into two regions, the south and north sides, which determine each patch of the model. We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers of some urban mobility scenarios where residents of each patch spend daily the 100% (no human movement between patches), 75% and 50% of their day at their place of residence. For the north side, estimates of transmission rates do not vary and it is more likely that the local basic reproductive number to be greater than one for all three different scenarios. On the contrary, tranmission rates of the south side have more weight in lower values when consider the human movement between patches compared to the uncoupled case. In fact, local basic reproductive numbers less than 1 are not negligible for the south side. If information about commuting is known, this work might be useful to obtain better estimates of some contagion local properties of a patch, such as the basic reproductive number.
Non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal aneuploidies using a new method based on digital droplet PCR and cell free fetal DNA
Authors: Haidong Wang , Zhijie Yang , Picchiassi Elena , Tarquini Federica , Coata Giuliana , You Wang , Youxiang Wang , Yu Chen , Di Renzo Gian Carlo 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent next generation sequencing (NGS) and microarray based Non-Invasive Prenatal Tests (NIPT), used for the detection of common fetal trisomies, are still expensive, time consuming and need to be performed in centralized laboratories. To improve NIPT in clinical routine practice as universal prenatal screening, we have developed a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) based assay called iSAFE NIPT using cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) for detection of fetal trisomies 13, 18 and 21 in a single reaction with advantage of high diagnostic accuracy and reduced cost.Materials and MethodsWe first used artificial DNA samples to evaluate analytical sensitivity and specificity of the iSAFE NIPT. Next, we analysed 269 plasma samples for the clinical validation of iSAFE NIPT. Fifty-eight of these, including five trisomies 21, two trisomies 18 and one trisomy 13 were utilised to establish the assay cut-off values based on ratios between chromosome counts. The remaining 211 plasma samples, including 10 trisomies 21, were analysed to evaluate iSAFE NIPT clinical performance.ResultsiSAFE NIPT achieved a 100% analytical sensitivity (95% CI 94.9-100% trisomy 21; 79.4-100% trisomy 18; 73.5-100% trisomy 13) and 100% specificity (95% CI 96.3-100% trisomy 21; 97.6-100% trisomy 18; 97.6-100% trisomy 13). It also achieved a 100% clinical sensitivity and specificity for trisomy 21 detection in the 211 clinical samples (95% CI for sensitivity is 69.1-100%, and 95% CI for specificity is 98.2-100%).ConclusionsThe iSAFE NIPT is a highly multiplexed ddPCR based assay for detection of fetal trisomies from maternal blood. Based on clinical validation, the iSAFE NIPT has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. It can be decentralized in routine clinical laboratories, is fast, easy to use and economical comparing to current NIPT.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination: a cross-sectional study of college students’ knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in Villanova, PA
Authors: Goldfarb Jennifer A. , Comber Joseph D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses are major causative agents of multiple cancers including cervical, penial, and oropharyngeal cancers. Almost all sexually active individuals are exposed to HPV in their lifetime and although not all HPV subtypes are capable of causing cancers, several high-risk subtypes widely circulate. Several HPV vaccines have been developed and successfully utilized to limit the spread of these viruses and reduce rates of associated cancers. Despite their success, HPV vaccination rates remain low. Studies estimate the highest prevalence of HPV in the United States is among college students. This makes college students an ideal target for interventions that promote HPV vaccination and prevention. To this end, we were interested in investigating the relationship between low HPV vaccine uptake and attitudes and awareness about HPV vaccination among college aged students. We designed a survey to assess knowledge and perception of HPV and HPV vaccination that could help pinpoint correlations between this knowledge and vaccination status. We find that more robust education focusing on the benefits of HPV vaccination could be utilized to improve vaccination rates.