bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the sublingual microcirculation in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Jung Christian , Ferrari Markus , Rödiger Christoph , Fritzenwanger Michael , Goebel Bjoern , Lauten Alexander , Pfeifer Ruediger , Figulla Hans R. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Orthogonal polarized spectral imaging- and sidestream darkfield-technique have enabled visual evaluation of the microcirculation. Different investigators described microcirculatory alterations, especially in surgical patients suffering from septic shock. We investigated the sublingual microcirculation in non-surgical patients admitted to our medical, intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: In 24 severely ill (APACHE-II Score: 27.8±11.3), intubated patients admitted to our ICU the sublingual microcirculation was recorded with a handheld intravital microscope. Sublingual vessels were categorized according to their size (small: 10–25 μm; medium: 26–50 μm; large: 51–100 μm) and the flow in semiquantitative categories (0: no flow; 1: intermittent flow; 2: sluggish flow; 3: continuous flow). Results: Patients with cardiogenic shock (n=7) had lower microflow compared with patients without cardiogenic shock (small p<0.001, medium p<0.001, large p=0.003). Several other diseases, including diabetes and arterial hypertension, age, gender, had no influence. In general, patients with a flow less than 3 in the small vessels showed higher arterial blood lactate levels (p=0.043) compared to continuous flow. Conclusions: A consequence of cardiogenic shock is the impairment of microcirculation with organ hypoperfusion. We observed that cardiac output is correlated to disturbance in microflow in the smallest vessels. On-line evaluation of microcirculation in vivo may be a valid tool for optimizing therapeutic measures in high risk patients. Additional online material may be found at: http://www.kim1.uniklinik-jena.de/Microcirculation.html.
New perfusion imaging of tissue transplants with Contrast Harmonic Ultrasound Imaging (CHI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in comparison with laser-induced Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence angiography
Authors: Jung E.M. , Prantl L. , Schreyer A.G. , Schreyer C.I. , Rennert J. , Walter M. , Jung W. , Hoffstetter P. , Herold T. , Zorger N. , Feuerbach S. , Fellner C. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Evaluation of post-surgery tissue perfusion of free flaps of the lower leg with contrast enhanced harmonic imaging (CHI), laser-induced indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods: 10 patients with free flaps of the lower limb were evaluated with CHI, ICG-fluorescence angiography and perfusion weighted MRI. Perfusion weighted MRI was performed after intravenous bolus injection of 25 ml Gd-DTPA. The ICG fluorescence was detected by a near-infrared-laser device (λem = 780 nm). Ultrasound was carried out by an experienced examiner with a linear probe after intravenous bolus injection of 2.4 ml SonoVue®. For MRI time intensity curves as well as color-coded blood volume maps of the whole free flap were qualitatively evaluated. For CHI and ICG time intensity curves in selected regions of interest were analyzed. A score from 1–5 (1 = low, 5 = excellent) was used for analysis of perfusion images by three independent readers. Results: In 3 cases (radialis, parascapular and lateral thigh flap) CHI, MRI and ICG perfusion imaging showed an excellent (score 4–5) contrast enhancement of the cutaneous and subcutaneous part of the free flaps. In 2 cases of osteocutaneous flaps perfusion in central and distal parts of the free flaps was reduced (score 2). Correlation between CHI, MRI and ICG was 0.69–0.83 for the distal parts of the free flaps and 0.74–0.87 for the center of the flaps (Spearman test). Perfusion in the center of the free flaps was significantly different for MRI and ICG and also for MRI and CHI (p<0.05, Wilcoxon test). Conclusion: These first results introduce CHI and MRI perfusion imaging as a promising post-surgery monitoring in patients with free flaps.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing liver malignancy
Authors: Zuber-Jerger I. , Schacherer D. , Woenckhaus M. , Jung E.M. , Schölmerich J. , Klebl F. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The use of contrast enhancers has widened the possibilities of sonographic imaging, and allows the differentiation of characteristic enhancement patterns leading to diagnosis in focal liver lesions. The aim of our study was to evaluate contrast ultrasound signs in diagnosing malignant liver lesions. Methods: 86 patients with 100 solid liver lesions were enrolled. A baseline gray-scale sonogram was obtained with a multifrequency 4 C convex array probe, followed by contrast-enhanced sonography with a low mechanical index (<0.2) over 300 seconds. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histology or in case of haemangioma by CT/NMR and quantitative contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with perfusion analysis (qontrast). Results: 55 malignant (6 HCC, 46 secondary malignant lesions – 3 of them lymphoma, 3 cholangiocarcinoma), and 45 benign lesions (8 FNH, 1 von Meyenburg complex, 1 granuloma, 3 adenoma, 21 hemangioma, 2 focal fat storage imbalances, 7 abscesses, one scar, and in one case normal liver) were found. 51/55 malignant (all but one filia and three HCC), but also 17/45 benign lesions showed hypoperfusion in the late phase. The ultrasound pattern in the arterial phase differed in malignant lesions: 22 lesions were initially hypervascular, 20 had rim enhancement and in 13 lesions there was a non-specific vascularisation. In all but one malignant lesion a diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue was observed. Only three benign lesions with this later sign were falsely diagnosed as malignant: one adenoma, one epitheloid granuloma, and a scar. Quantitative perfusion pattern was analyzed exemplary. Diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue as a sign for malignancy had a positive predictive value of 95%, a sensitivity of 98%, a negative predictive value of 98%, and a specificity of 93%. Conclusions: Diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue is a helpful sign in contrast enhanced ultrasound to diagnose malignancies.
Alteration of serum thrombopoietin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C under interferon therapy
Authors: Wenzel Folker , Gruber Wolfgang , Giers Günther 
Published: December 2019

Thrombocytopenia is commonly observed during interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Since thrombopoietin (TPO) is the main regulator of thrombopoiesis, thrombocytopenia may partially be due to a reduced TPO generation. Because of the developments of the second generation of TPO mimetic drugs patients with reduced TPO levels should be identified possibly having a benefit by medicinal stimulation of thrombopoiesis. Therefore, platelet count and serum TPO concentration of patients receiving an interferon-α therapy were determined. Twelve patients treated with IFN-α (daily 10×106 IU s.c. for four weeks) in cause of chronic hepatitis C were examined during the first month of therapy. Serum TPO concentration significantly decreased from 80.8±48.0 to 34.6±24.5 pg/ml (p<0.05, Mann–Whitney test), and platelet count declined from 214,417±48,292 to 151,333±44,726 platelets/μl. During the following three weeks platelet count remained at a low level, while serum TPO increased to normal range. In conclusion, an interferon treatment causes reduced serum TPO level during the first week of therapy accompanied by decreased platelet count. The reduction in TPO synthesis contributes to the development of thrombocytopenia in patients during interferon therapy.
Mortality of iterated piecewise affine functions over the integers: Decidability and complexity
Authors: Ben-Amram Amir M. 
Published: December 2019

In the theory of discrete-time dynamical systems one studies the limiting behaviour of processes defined by iterating a fixed function f over a given space. An important special case involves piecewise affine functions on Rn. Blondel et al., in: Theor. Comput. Sci. 255(1,2) (2001), 687–696, studied the decidability of questions such as global convergence and mortality for such functions with rational coefficients. Mortality means that every trajectory (namely a sequence x0,f(x0),f(f(x0)),…) includes a 0; if the iteration is implemented as a loop while (x≠0) x:=f(x), mortality means that the loop is guaranteed to terminate. Checking the termination of simple loops (under various restrictions of the guard and the update function) is a much-studied topic in automated program analysis. Blondel et al. proved that the problems are undecidable when the state space is Rn (or Qn), and the dimension n is at least two. From a program analysis (and discrete computability) viewpoint, it is more natural to consider functions over the integers. This paper establishes (un)decidability results for the integer setting, while strengthening results for the continuous setting. We show that also over integers, undecidability begins at two dimensions. In both settings, we shown Π02 completeness. We further investigate the effect of several restrictions on the iterated functions. Specifically, we consider bounding the size of the partition defining f, and restricting the coefficients of the linear components. In the decidable cases, we give complexity results: The problem is PSPACE-complete for piecewise-affine functions in one dimension; it is polynomial-time for affine functions in any dimension. The undecidability proofs use some variants of the Collatz problem, which may be of independent interest.
New insights into vestibular neuropharmacology: From bench to bedside
Authors: Chabbert Christian 
Published: December 2019

Recent epidemiological investigations have highlighted the high prevalence of vestibular dysfunctions in the adult population and its association with aging. Despite a large and unmet medical need, the pharmaceutical options of targeted and efficient drugs to reduce the symptoms associated with vestibular deficits remains largely insufficient. This special issue of the Journal of Vestibular Research is devoted to the session: New insights on vestibular neuropharmacology: From bench to bedside, that was organized at the 2012 Midwinter Meeting of the Association of Research in Otolaryngology. This special issue intends 1. to emphasize the current state of the medical need for potent pharmacological treatments of vestibular deficits while highlighting questions regarding the molecular targets, the therapeutic window and the role of pharmacological treatment versus physiotherapy; 2. to give an overview of the fundamental mechanisms of vestibular system function and the mechanism of action of the drugs currently used in the treatment of vestibular disorders and 3. to present recent discoveries in basic research, that may lead to future drug identification to efficiently alleviate the vertigo crisis and protect the vestibule. This theme should target a broad audience ranging from ENT clinicians to scientists, including pharmacologists and pharmacists.
APPLYING PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AT HIGHLANDS INTERNATIONAL BOARDING SCHOOL (HIBS) MALAYSIA
Authors: Gusfa Henni , Gultom Yofrina Octika 
Published: December 2019

Good governance is one of the factors in improving the quality of education. Some points of good governance in school are to involve all participations of school management, to ensure the use of funds appropriately, and to cooperate with school principals, teachers, and school staffs. The purposes of this program are to inform the significant use of internal communication and to encourage the school members in applying good governance in school. This study is to identify the internal communication existing, the application of good governance, and teacher’s competences. The result of this program is to deliver some comprehension and knowledge related to the awareness of good governance in which the benefits are given to the school. This study was applied at Highland International Boarding School (HIBS) Malaysia. The target program of the community service was one day-training and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which was held at Highlands International Boarding School (HIBS) in Malaysia. The aim of this program is to gain a better management system based on good governancein its work environment. It was found that applying principles of good governance and building internal communication among school members are essential in increasing the school quality.
SOCIALIZATION AND TRAINING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT SELECTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Thamrin Hakiman 
Published: December 2019

There are only 29.66% of Indonesia population who really understand and know about financial products and services. From this number, those who truly understand the capital market are only 4.4% and those who invest in the new capital market are around 0.4%. That number is very low if we compare to neighboring countries, for example in Malaysia, the population participating invested in capital market has reached 3.8 million or 12.8%. While in Singapore 1.5 million or 30% of the population has invested in stock market and in China 100.4 million or 13.7% of the population has invested in the stock market. There are only small number of people who invested in the Indonesia stock Exchange, it means there is a big potential to increase the number of investors in IDX. All parties, not only governments and IDX must conribute to encourage people to invest in the capital market. Therefore, the community needs to be given knowledge about what types of investments can be chosen, especially those on the IDX, how to invest, how to assess the performance of the investment, and the risks that may arise.
The Analysis of Students' Difficulties In Speaking English at the Tenth Grade of SMK N 2 Purworejo
Authors: Asworo Catur Widy 
Published: December 2019

The aims of the study are mainly to know the students’ difficulties in speaking, and to know the strategy used by teacher to overcome the speaking problems.The participants of the study were 36 students of the tenth grade of SMK N 2 Purworejo.The instruments used in this research were questionnaire, interview and documentation. After getting the data, the writer analyzed them to determine category of students’ speaking skill, students’ speaking difficulties and teacher strategies.The result of the study shows that the mean score of students skill in speaking is 64.8. It belongs to sufficient category. The students’ speaking difficulties covered linguistic and non linguistics problems. The linguistic problems include lack of vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar knowledge, while non linguistic problems, namely inhibition, nothing to say, uneven participant, mother tounge interference,anxiety, shyness, lack of self confident and low motivation. To solve the problems, the teacher has strategies such as drilling, brainstorming, role playing and giving the students motivation.
4-6 YAŞ GRUBU KUR’AN KURSLARININ EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM FAALİYETLERİ VE PROBLEMLERİ (ZONGULDAK İLİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: AYBEY Salih 
Published: December 2019

Gerek Kur’an ve sünnet gerekse on
dört asırlık İslam medeniyeti birikimi ve yapılan araştırmalar, küçük yaşlardan
itibaren din eğitiminin gerekliliği hususunda birçok örnekler sunmaktadır. Ülkemizde
toplumu dini konularda aydınlatma ve rehberlik etme görevi yüklenen Diyanet
İşleri Başkanlığı, Kur’an öğrenmede yaş sınırının kaldırılmasının ardından
toplumun beklentilerini de göz önüne alarak bireyin gelişiminin en önemli
dönemlerinden biri kabul edilen okul öncesi döneme yönelik din hizmeti sunmak
amacıyla 4-6 Yaş Grubu Kur’an Kursları öğretim programını faaliyete
geçirmiştir.

Bu
çalışma, 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında uygulamaya konulan ve günümüze kadar
sayıları hızla artan 4-6 Yaş Grubu Kur’an Kurslarında eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin durumunu ve
bu kursların problemlerini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaçla
Zonguldak merkez ve Çaycuma ilçesinde görev yapan 32 öğreticiye uygulanan anket
ve 11 öğreticiyle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Elde edilen
verilerden hareketle, kurslarda eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin birtakım
eksiklerle birlikte amacına uygun olarak ilerlediği ve kursların öğretim
programının öğrenci seviyesine yeterince uygun olmadığı, gerek fiziki durum
gerekse yöneticilerin kendinden ve öğrencilerden kaynaklanan bazı problemlerin
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
PERAN TATA KELOLA LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BAGI SISWA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Gunawan Ronny 
Published: December 2019

Guidance and Counseling in schools is a service that is held as one of the support of teaching and learning activities in schools. In its day-to-day activities guidance and counseling is organized by Guidance and Counseling teachers to implement four areas of counseling, counseling services, support activities that all can assist students in learning in school and living everyday life as learners. Based on its activities a Guidance and Counseling teacher needs to master the governance of Guidance and Counseling services in school, because a teacher Guidance and Counseling is a manager and implementer of every Guidance and Counseling service in school. Guidance and Counseling Teachers should be able to design Guidance and Counseling programs, make measurements, archive all counseling data relating to students to the evaluation. All such activities are called governance of Guidance and Counseling services in schools. Thus a Guidance and Counseling teacher has a significant role in governance of counseling and guidance services for students at school. A significant role of teachers Guidance and Counseling can help students in developing personality and ultimately students can plan their future according to capabilities possessed.
Keywords: guidance and counseling, management, service, school, students
GLYPROLINE PEPTIDE PHARMACODYNAMICS IN RATS IN THE SETTING OF METABOLIC SYNDROME BY THE PARAMETERS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND TROMBOELASTOGRAMMA
Authors: Obergan T. Yu. , Lyapina M. G. , Grigorjeva M. E. , Lyapina L. A. 
Published: December 2019

In this study, experimental data on the biological action of glyproline peptides — Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-ArgPro, Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu — on the processes of blood coagulation and lipid metabolism were obtained using animal models of metabolic syndrome. Under the conditions of increased blood clotting and hypercholesterolemia, the regulatory peptides under study were administered intranasally for 7 days once every 24 hours. 20 hours after the last peptide administration, thromboelastogram parameters confi rmed the restoration of the functional state of the coagulating and anticoagulant systems. In addition, a simultaneous positive shift in the parameters of lipid metabolism was observed. These changes lasted for 7 days following the withdrawal of the drugs. It is found that the biological action of the peptides under study consists in their simultaneous regulatory impact on the processes of hemostasis and lipid metabolism.
Methods of Assessing Fusarium Damage to Wheat Kernels
Authors: M. Khaeim Hussein , Clark Anthony , Pearson Tom , Van Sanford Dr. David 
Published: December 2019

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), or head scab, primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum Schw., is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It has reemerged worldwide as a disease of economic importance. Damage produced by the fungus includes: reduction of yield, mycotoxin contamination (DON), discolored, shriveled “tombstone” kernels and reduction in seed quality. The disease also reduces the test weight and lowers the market grade. Thus, there is great interest among breeders in selecting for resistance to both traits of DON and fusarium damaged kernel (FDK). This study was conducted to determine the effect of mass selection for FHB resistance using an image-based optical sorter compared to other methods. Fusariun damaged kernel (FDK) percentage on a count basis is more accurate than the weight basis, which was obvious in the visual estimate method although they were highly correlated. Visually adjusting the scabby portion (output of air separation machine) increases the accuracy of FDK percentage. Moderate correlations existed between FDK and DON measured by using traditional methods (FDK on basis of visual estimate, FDK on basis of air-separation, traditional methods of DON measurement), NIR, and image-based optical sorter. DON was correlated better with FDK measured by the image-based optical sorter than FDK measured by the air
separation machine, NIR, or a visual estimate. The image-based optical sorter is easier to run, not time
consuming compared to other methods since the speed of sorting can be adjusted according to the user, and its ability to detect variation among the populations at 0.05 level of significance. Over the twenty populations tested, the data suggest that the image-based optical sorter effectively provides a better way to assess FDK and DON. This method could accelerate FDK and DON assessment, and can be a great tool for breeding programs to assess and select for low FDK and DON.
Compléments gallo-grecs
Authors: Lejeune Michel 
Published: December 2019

New Gallo-greek inscriptions.
New documents found in Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône) and Alise-Sainte-Reine (Côte-d’Or) : owners' marks on earthware. From Martigues, an ample series of owner’s signatures left by Ριτυμος (17 complete, 3 abridged) ; apart from some other abridged signatures, each site has produced a double denomination (idionym + patronym), which is exceptional amongst property marks : Martigues Βιτουκλοβιος Αισιανιος·, Alise Ατεο[ Ερικκ[ .
Testaments of Resistance and Resilience: An Analysis of Trevor Noah’s Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood
Authors: Rubiya S , K Swamy Sumathy 
Published: December 2019

Where there is Oppression, there is going to be resistance. This is the story of almost every Independence struggle history has ever seen. Such was also the story of one the most shocking and horrendous tale of oppression the world has come to know, the apartheid system of South Africa. It was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that divided the whites and blacks living in South Africa, which gave the former full rights to enjoy all the privileges that the natives ought to enjoy rightfully, depriving the latter of every good thing the country had to offer. This paper will attempt to throw some light on the whole system by analysing a work of art not written by an outsider, but through the eyes of a person who was born into it and saw apartheid for what it was and what it did to the blacks living in South Africa. It is a memoir written by South African comedian Trevor Noah titled Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood, an autobiographical work published in the year 2016 where Noah narrates instances from his childhood living in post-apartheid South Africa.
The book is a kind of dedication to Noah’s mother, Patricia Nombuyiselo Noah, a symbol of resistance. Patricia Noah broke almost every rule imposed by the White government, from having a good education and moving in to a house in a white neighbourhood to having a relationship with a white person resulting in giving birth to child of mixed race, a crime for which the punishment was death. The paper will attempt to bring out the struggles and tales of resilience of the black people under apartheid by analysing the experiences of the Noah Family with special emphasis on Patricia Noah who can be seen as an embodiment of Resistance, resilience and above all sheer stubbornness to comply with the rules of the colonizers.