bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia knowledge, art, research and education – Teaching primary school children about dementia
Authors: Burns Pippa , Green Corinne , Eady Michelle , Baker Jess R , Harris Penny , Primmer Jennine , Barkley Carinya , Traynor Victoria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedTo develop, implement and evaluate the impact of a short education intervention on the understanding of dementia through visual art by primary school‐aged children.MethodsA series of three lessons were developed in consultation with a local schoolteacher and community artists and taught in a local primary school. Stage 2 students (8‐10 years old) created an artwork about memory, learned about dementia and adapted their artworks to represent their developing understanding of dementia. Empirical data were collected through pre and postinterventions surveys and content analysis of the artworks.ResultsMatched pre and postintervention survey data were obtained for 74 students and showed a significant improvement in seven domains. This indicated that the students had an increased understanding of dementia and its impact on the individual following the intervention. Matched artwork was analysed from lessons 1 and 3 for 109 students using a coding schema developed specifically for this project. The students developed their artwork to show memories fading or being lost altogether. They also used abstract shapes to create a sense of disorder and chaos.ConclusionParticipation in the intervention was shown to increase students’ understanding and knowledge of dementia using both qualitative and quantitative measures.So what?It is likely that by educating children about dementia, we have the potential to reduce the stigma faced by people living with dementia and their carers. This is important, as the ageing population means that more people within the community, including children, will know someone living with dementia. Further, this represents the cornerstone in creating dementia‐friendly communities.
Alpha7 nicotinic‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate hypothesis in the treatment of schizophrenia and beyond
Authors: Koola Maju Mathew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of novel treatments for positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms continue to be a high‐priority area of schizophrenia research and a major unmet clinical need. Given that all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to date failed with one add‐on medication/mechanism of action, future RCTs with the same approach are not warranted. Even if the field develops a medication for cognition, others are still needed to treat negative and positive symptoms. Therefore, fixing one domain does not completely solve the problem. Also, targeting the cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, and cholinergic plus alpha7 nicotinic and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors failed independently. Hence, targeting other less important pathophysiological mechanisms/targets is unlikely to be successful. Meta‐analyses of RCTs targeting major pathophysiological mechanisms have found some efficacy signal in schizophrenia; thus, combination treatments with different mechanisms of action may enhance the efficacy signal. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of conducting RCTs with novel combination treatments in schizophrenia to develop antischizophrenia treatments. Positive RCTs with novel combination treatments that target the alpha7 nicotinic and NMDA receptors simultaneously may lead to a disease‐modifying therapeutic armamentarium in schizophrenia. Novel combination treatments that concurrently improve the three domains of psychopathology and several prognostic and theranostic biomarkers may facilitate therapeutic discovery in schizophrenia.
Significance of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Packaging
Authors: Curtzwiler Greg W , Silva Paulo , Hall Alexander , Ivey Alexandra , Vorst Keith 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Food safety authorities and the food industry are focused on uses of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various food-contact packaging applications. Not widely known until recently, certain PFAS occur in paper-based packaging materials typically at parts-per-billion to parts-per-million concentrations. These substances are nonintentionally added substances (NIAS) and are attributed to residues from recycled fiber and paperboard used in the manufacture of new food packaging products. Low concentration PFAS detection has generated debate in the food industry and among scientific and governmental organizations about understanding their significance in food-contact products because certain PFAS are intentionally added to some food packaging materials. Distinguishing between both sources of PFAS in food packaging is essential for regulatory compliance purposes. In this paper, we describe ongoing research using contact angle measurement analysis to determine limits of performance (LOP) for perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C4, C6, C8, and C10) on the surface of recycled paper packaging materials. We find that the LOP concentrations for PFCAs ranged from 37 ppm (C10) to higher than 1238 ppm (C4). Because there is no economic justification for the presence of PFAS that do not provide functional performance, these LOP concentrations can reliably be considered as NIAS thresholds. This analytical method and the resulting test data are able to differentiate the source of PFAS in food packaging. Future research will broaden the test method to include measurements of fluorotelomer, sulfonamide, and fluoropolymer substances to develop a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS performance and NIAS concentration thresholds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:7–12. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
This research utilized contact angle measurements to statistically determine limit of performance (LOP) concentration thresholds of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs; C4, C6, C8, and C10) in recycled paper packaging materials. Limit of performance concentration thresholds were defined as below statistical performance enhancements, which would provide no economic advantage to their presence. Therefore, it can be reasonably assumed that their presence was nonintentional (i.e., nonintentionally added substance [NIAS]). This study determined nonintentionally added concentration thresholds for PFCAs from 37 ppm (C10) to higher than 1238 ppm (C4). These data are critical for understanding what concentrations of PFCAs in food packaging can be considered intentionally added for regulatory compliance.
Turkey's sectoral exports: A competitiveness approach
Authors: Bayar Güzin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a sectoral export determination equation of Turkey is estimated using a very detailed panel data of 1,029 sectors in SITC Rev 3 four digit level for the period 1995–2015. In addition to standard export determination variables; the variables showing technology and sophistication level of the export products of Turkey were included among the independent variables; using both some traditional classification measures (Lall (2000), Oxford Development Studies, 2, 100–109) and a new measure developed by Hidalgo et al., (2009), “The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(26): 10570–10575. Moreover, also some indicators of competitiveness in world markets were included among independent variables. Method of estimation is augmented mean group, which takes into consideration cross sectional dependencies and parameter heterogeneities. Results of the regression suggest that product quality and design are becoming more important and price competition becomes less important in gaining competitive edge in world markets for Turkey. There is a transition of Turkey's exports towards medium technology products.
Follow‐up of offspring and mothers with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or glibenclamide: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paul Praveen , Priyambada Leena , Abraham Anuja , Manimegalai Babuji , Paul Thomas V. , Princy Sneha , Antonisamy Balevendra , Thomas Nihal , Yenuberi Hilda , Mathews Jiji E. 
Published: September 2020

SynopsisA 9‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial showed metformin to have better neonatal outcomes than glibenclamide.
Laparoscopic sentinel lymph node dissection followed by open radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Michaan Nadav , Laskov Ido , Aizic Asaf , Brautbar Oded , Grisaru Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo propose a treatment algorithm, after the LACC trial, of laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy with frozen section, followed by immediate open radical hysterectomy in node‐negative cases, for early stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively collected all cases of cervical cancer that were surgically treated between 2019–2020. In all cases, surgery began with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy ± ovarian transposition. Node‐negative cases continued with open radical hysterectomy. In node‐positive cases, surgery was discontinued, sparing the patient a laparotomy incision.ResultsNine patients with cervical cancer were referred for surgery. Laparoscopic bilateral lymph node identification was achieved in all. In two cases, sentinel lymph nodes were positive for metastatic cancer and surgery was discontinued. For the other seven, node‐negative patients, open radical hysterectomy was completed. Four patients had laparoscopic ovarian transposition. There were no cases where nodes were negative on frozen section but positive on final pathology.ConclusionLaparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy before open radical hysterectomy may spare a considerable number of laparotomies on the one hand and bi‐modal treatment with surgery and radiation on the other, for node‐positive patients. The oncological safety of this approach is yet to be determined.
REBACIN® is an optional intervention for persistent high‐risk human papillomavirus infection: A retrospective analysis of 364 patients
Authors: Yang Ying , Hu Tingwenyi , Ming Xiu , Yang E. , Min Wenjiao , Li Zhengyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of REBACIN® in patients with persistent high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) infection. Persistent hrHPV infection is a crucial cause of cervical cancer, for which optimal pharmacological intervention remains unavailable.MethodsA retrospective analysis and a meta‐analysis were carried out. The retrospective analysis included 364 patients who were persistently infected with HPV for at least 12 months, between September 2015 and February 2019, and only received the REBACIN® intervention. HPV DNA typing, HC2 hrHPV DNA, and ThinPrep cytologic tests were performed before and after the REBACIN® intervention, to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. The meta‐analysis included trials evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of interferons.ResultsAfter a follow‐up period of 3–6 months, the overall rate of efficacy of REBACIN® was 74.73% (272/364), which was higher than that of interferon (61.50%). The efficacy of REBACIN® was correlated with HPV type (odds ratio [OR] 0.549, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.367–0.822, P=0.004) and pretreatment cytology (OR 0.358, 95% CI 0.173–0.739, P=0.005).ConclusionREBACIN® is potently efficacious at clearing persistent hrHPV infection; hence, it can serve as an optional intervention for persistent hrHPV infection.
Mind‐mindedness and parenting stress in mothers of preterm and full‐term infants: The moderating role of perceived social support
Authors: Suttora Chiara , Salerni Nicoletta , Selvagno Elena , Porro Matteo , Gangi Silvana , Squarza Chiara , Gardon Laura , Picciolini Odoardo 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to examine the effects of preterm birth and maternal childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress and parenting stress on maternal mind‐mindedness (MM). The study also investigated the effects of perceived social support on parenting stress and MM. Sixty‐five preterm (N = 32) and full‐term (N = 33) mother–infant dyads were observed at 6 months. Measures of maternal MM were obtained from observations of mother–infant interaction. Mothers also provided ratings of their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, parenting stress, and perceived social support via an online survey. Experiencing a preterm birth did not affect mothers’ use of mental state descriptors during mother–infant interaction. Neither childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress nor parenting stress directly affected maternal ability to comment on the child's mental states appropriately. However, at medium and high levels of perceived social support, a negative association between parenting stress and MM was observed. Maternal perception of being emotionally supported by significant others promoted MM in mothers showing low or mild levels of parenting stress, but not in mothers experiencing high stress in parenting their infants. Results suggest that a proclivity to MM might be affected by the interaction between parenting stress and social support, rather than by childbirth‐related variables, such as prematurity.
SIRT1 Gene SNP rs932658 Is Associated With Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Yang Guang , Collins Joseph M , Rafiee Roya , Singh Sonal , Langaee Taimour , McDonough Caitrin W , Holliday L Shannon , Wang Danxin , Lamba Jatinder K , Kim Young Sick , Pelliccioni Gian Andrea , Vaszilko Mihaly , Kosa Janos P , Balla Bernadett , Lakatos Peter A , Katz Joseph , Moreb Jan , Gong Yan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction. Our previous whole-exome sequencing study found SIRT1 intronic region single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7896005 to be associated with MRONJ in cancer patients treated with intravenous (iv) bisphosphonates (BPs). This study aimed to identify causal variants for this association. In silico analyses identified three SNPs (rs3758391, rs932658, and rs2394443) in the SIRT1 promoter region that are in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 &gt; 0.8) with rs7896005. To validate the association between these SNPs and MRONJ, we genotyped these three SNPs on the germline DNA from 104 cancer patients of European ancestry treated with iv BPs (46 cases and 58 controls). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the minor alleles of these three SNPs were associated with lower odds for MRONJ. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and p values were 0.351 (0.164–0.751; p = 0.007) for rs3758391, 0.351 (0.164–0.751; p = 0.007) for rs932658, and 0.331 (0.157–0.697; p = 0.0036) for rs2394443, respectively. In the reporter gene assays, constructs containing rs932658 with variant allele A had higher luciferase activity than the reference allele, whereas constructs containing SNP rs3758391 and/or rs2394443 did not significantly affect activity. These results indicate that the promoter SNP rs932658 regulates the expression of SIRT1 and presumably lowers the risk of MRONJ by increasing SIRT1 expression. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yu Hui , Pang Zhonghao , Li Gang , Gu Tianyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contains 85% of lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the largest NSCLC subgroups. The aim of the study was to investigate the underlying mechanism in developing more effective subtype‐specific molecular therapeutic procedures.MethodsA total of 876 specimens were used in this study: 494 LUAD tissues (ie, 449 LUAD tissues and 45 matched normal tissues) and 382 LUSC tissues (ie, 337 LUSC tissues and 45 matched normal tissues). The miRNA sequencing data were processed using R. The differential expressed miRNAs between lung cancer and normal tissues were analyzed using the limma package in R. Gene expression, Western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and luciferase assay were used to test LUAD and LUSC.ResultsLUAD and LUSC appear sharply distinct at molecular and pathological level. Let‐7a‐5p, miR‐338, miR‐375, miR‐217, miR‐627, miR‐140, miR‐147b, miR‐138‐2, miR‐584, and miR‐197 are top 10 relevant miRNAs and CLDN3, DSG3, KRT17, TMEM125, KRT5, NKX2‐1, KRT7, ABCC5, KRAS, and PLCG2 are top 10 relevant genes in NSCLC. At the same time, the miRNAs expression levels were also quite different between the two groups. Among the differential expressed miRNAs, let‐7a‐5p was significantly down‐regulated in LUAD while miR‐338 was markedly down‐regulated in LUSC. Bioinformatics analyses appeared that let‐7a‐5p directly targets high–molecular weight keratin 5 (KRT5) which were shown to be a strong risk factor for LUAD. And NK2 homeobox 1(NKX2‐1) which was associated with tumor progression in LUSC was identified as a target gene of miR‐338.ConclusionsDistinct profile of miRNAs can take a part in the development of LUAD and LUSC and thus could serve as a subtype‐specific molecular therapeutic target to protect against LUAD and LUSC.
A missense mutation sheds light on a novel structure–function relationship of RANKL
Authors: Qiu Heng , Qin An , Cheng Taksum , Chim Shek M. , Smithers Luke , Chen Kai , Song Dezhi , Liu Qian , Zhao Jinmin , Wang Chao , Teguh Dian , Zhang Ge , Tickner Jennifer , Vrielink Alice , Pavlos Nathan J. , Xu Jiake 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like core domain of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) is a functional domain critical for osteoclast differentiation. One of the missense mutations identified in patients with osteoclast‐poor autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is located in residue methionine 199 that is replaced with lysine (M199K) amid the TNF‐like core domain. However, the structure–function relationship of this mutation is not clear. Sequence‐based alignment revealed that the fragment containing human M199 is highly conserved and equivalent to M200 in rat. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, we generated three recombinant RANKL mutants M200K/A/E (M200s) by replacing the methionine 200 with lysine (M200K), alanine (M200A), and glutamic acid (M200E), representative of distinct physical properties. TRAcP staining and bone pit assay showed that M200s failed to support osteoclast formation and bone resorption, accompanied by impaired osteoclast‐related signal transduction. However, no antagonistic effect was found in M200s against wild‐type rat RANKL. Analysis of the crystal structure of RANKL predicted that this methionine residue is located within the hydrophobic core of the protein, thus, likely to be crucial for protein folding and stability. Consistently, differential scanning fluorimetry analysis suggested that M200s were less stable. Western blot analysis analyses further revealed impaired RANKL trimerization by M200s. Furthermore, receptor–ligand binding assay displayed interrupted interaction of M200s to its intrinsic receptors. Collectively, our studies revealed the molecular basis of human M199‐induced ARO and elucidated the indispensable role of rodent residue M200 (equivalent to human M199) for the RANKL function.
Pilot Study of Peak Plasma Concentration After High‐Dose Oral Montelukast in Children With Acute Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Arnold Donald H. , Van Driest Sara L. , Reiss Theodore F. , King Jennifer C. , Akers Wendell S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute asthma exacerbations are primarily due to airway inflammation and remain one of the most frequent reasons for childhood hospitalizations. Although systemic corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy because of their anti‐inflammatory properties, not all inflammatory pathways are responsive to systemic corticosteroids, necessitating hospital admission for further management. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs) are proinflammatory mediators that play an important role in systemic corticosteroids non‐responsiveness. Montelukast is a potent LT‐receptor antagonist, and an intravenous preparation caused rapid, sustained improvement of acute asthma exacerbations in adults. We hypothesized that a 30‐mg dose of oral montelukast achieves peak plasma concentrations (Cmax), comparable to the intravenous preparation (1700 ng/mL) and would be well tolerated in 15 children aged 5 to 12 years with acute asthma exacerbations. After administration of montelukast chewable tablets, blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Plasma was separated and frozen at −80°C until analysis for montelukast concentration using liquid chromatography‐ tandem mass spectrometry. Median time to Cmax (tmax) was 3.0 hours. Six participants (40%) achieved Cmax of 1700 ng/mL or higher. However, there was high interindividual variability in peak plasma concentration (median Cmax of 1378 ng/mL; range, 16‐4895 ng/mL). No participant had side effects or adverse events. Plasma concentrations from this pilot study support the design of a weight‐based dose‐finding study aimed at selecting an optimal dose for future clinical trials to assess the efficacy of high‐dose oral montelukast in children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations.
Seasonal ultrastructural changes in apocrine gland cells in back skin of male brown bears (Ursus arctos)
Authors: Tomiyasu Jumpei , Bochimoto Hiroki , Kondoh Daisuke , Sato Yoshikazu , Matsumoto Naoya , Sasaki Kazuyoshi , Haneda Shingo , Matsui Motozumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOily secretions from the back skin are involved in the marking behavior of male brown bears (Ursus arctos), and apocrine glands in back skin are activated during the breeding season. Here, we investigated seasonal changes in the intracellular organelles of apocrine gland cells in the back skin of male brown bears using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and osmium‐maceration scanning electron microscopy (OM‐SEM). The morphological features of mitochondria and intracellular granules, and secretory mechanisms obviously differed between breeding and non‐breeding seasons. The TEM findings showed that contents of low‐density granules were released into the glandular lumen by frequent exocytosis, and sausage‐shaped mitochondria were located in the perinuclear region during the non‐breeding season. In contrast, high‐density granules appeared in the apical region and in projections during the breeding season, and swollen mitochondria and lysosome‐like organelles separating into high‐density granules were located in the perinuclear region. The OM‐SEM findings revealed swollen mitochondria with only a few partially developed cristae, and small mitochondria with cristae shaped like those in swollen mitochondria in the apical regions during the breeding season. These findings indicated that the small mitochondria corresponded to the high‐density granules identified by TEM. These findings suggested that mitochondria in apocrine gland cells swell, degenerate, fracture into small pieces, and are finally released by apocrine secretions during the breeding season. Small mitochondria released in this secretory manner might function as the source of chemical signals in the oily secretions of brown bears during the breeding season.