bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR reflectance spectroscopy and SIMCA for classification of crops flour
Authors: Masithoh R E , Yuliyanda I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The potential of SIMCA technique for crops flour classification was studied based on FT-NIR spectroscopy in this research. A total of 72 spectra of flour samples taken from 6 types of crops, i.e. of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were measured using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at 4000 – 10, 000 cm−1. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. A 2nd derivative Savitzky-Golay (polynomial order 2, 25 smoothing points) followed by a Standard Normal Variate (SNV) were used for pre-treatment data. Characterization of the flours was done using chemometric models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) explained for each group of flour samples of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). SIMCA calibration models were constructed using 6 spectral measurements for each type of flours; classification set were constructed using 6 spectral measurements. The SIMCA accuracy classification were 100% for mocaf, banana, arrowroot, bread fruit, and taro, and 67% for purple sweet potato.
Leaf area index development of local rice varieties as a response to different irrigation management
Authors: Maftukhah R , Suli A S , Annisa H N , Nugroho B D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rice is a semi-aquatic plant and grown under anaerobic condition as long as water is available. Nowadays, water scarcity and climate change issues need to be address with new technology to increase water use efficiency in rice production. In the other hand, rice varieties must be able to adapt climate change in the future, especially drought even during rice growth periods. A shallow water depth irrigation, as a strategy to reduce water use might influence the rice growth development. The aim of this study was to characterize the leaf area index development of three different rice varieties grown in continuous flooding and shallow water depth irrigation. Pot experiments were conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with three different rice varieties, i.e Mutiara, IR 64, and Hitam, and cultivated with two different irrigation system namely shallow water depth (SWD) and continuous flooding (CF). Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured every 10 days and polynomial equation was used to describe LAI development during plant growth. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Ms. Excel to determine significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used to evaluate the performance of mathematical model. Leaf Area Index (LAI) under shallow water depth irrigation in different rice varieties were not significantly different compare to continuous flooding irrigation. LAI development in different treatment were described by polynomial equation, with various correlation value, ranged between 0.46 – 0.88. IR64 variety under control irrigation resulted lowest R (0.46), indicated that prediction value from observation data was not strongly correlated. However, other treatments showed strong relationship between prediction and observation data.
Laboratory performance analysis of Rice Combine Harvester Daedong DSF75GT
Authors: Radi  , Putra R S A , Aji A W , Purwantana B , Sutiarso L , Nugroho A P , Markumningsih S , Masithoh R E , Yun J H , Kim K U , Yeo I C , Lee D G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Combine harvester is one of the most needed agricultural machinery by farmers as it is increasingly difficult to find harvest worker. To develop the machine, Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering collaborated with AGM Systems & Engineering to test the DSF75GT type combine harvester machine. The preliminary test shows that the machine performance is not optimal, especially when it is viewed from the grain damage percentage during the harvesting process. Based on the process, the harvesting principle of the machine includes the stages of cutting, feeding, threshing, and moving the grain from the threshing unit to the grain tank, and finally with unloading stage. Process to grain transfer with screw conveyor system is suspected to be the cause of grain damage. For this reason, this study aims to determine the machine parts which potentially contribute to the grain damage. The test was carried out in laboratory with two sample, i.e. harvested grain samples (GKP) and milled dry grain (GKG). The sample was inserted in to the threshing chamber which is then transferred by screw conveyor to the grain tank before being removed. Observation of the grain damage is carried out at 5 points on the screw conveyors. The results showed that there were 3 screws which contribute significantly to grain damage. From the result, the next step focuses on modification of the parts.
An analysis of irrigated paddy land contribution to maintain regional self sufficiency of food (rice) at Bantul regency of the special province of Yogyakarta
Authors: Susanto S , Suhono A H B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bantul Regency is a rice barn area for the Special Province of Yogyakarta. For a long time, this regency has been self-sufficient in rice. In the last five years, the conversion of irrigated rice fields has changed to become settlements at the rate of 81.2 ha a year as a result of the population growth rate of 2.04% a year. The study aimed to determine the contribution of irrigated land in maintaining regional rice self-sufficiency. The analytical methodology used applies the quantitative analytical description approach to estimate the rice supply-demand balance position for 2006-2015. The results were applied to predict the balance position for the next 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years with 10 scenarios. The results showed that this regency had surplus of rice in 2006-2015 with self-sufficiency rate of 1.08-1.28. The realistic scenario simulation results showed that the rate of population growth causes the rice deficit to be wider and faster to occur. To prevent the occurrence of the rice deficit, control of land conversion and control of the population must be carried out simultaneously. Land use change also had a high risk for irrigation activities carried out because it caused changes in the water balance, losses to irrigation network infrastructure, lack of water in Planting Season II and Plating Season III.
Engineering analysis in manufacturing process of Nori made from mixture of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp
Authors: Kurniawan K , Bintoro N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A research had been conducted regarding the drying of nori made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp. The drying process was carried out at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C using mechanical dryer. Drying rate was evaluated with four thin layer drying models, namely Henderson and Pubis, Lewis, Page and Modified Page. The most suitable model is determined from the the highest R2 value and lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The results indicated that nori could be made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp with a specific method and composition. Drying rate of local nori showed a long constant drying period as compared to it’s falling rate period. Drying rate increased and drying time decreased as the drying temperature increased. The highest drying rate is obtained at 70°C and the Page model was found to be the best suitable model to describe nori drying characteristics.
Physical characteristics of instanised cocholate powder sweetened with sucrose produced using continuous and batch type steam jet agglomerator: A preliminary study
Authors: Diasti D R , Dyaningrum E F , Lutfiyah R A , Karyadi J N W , Saputro A D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical properties of instanised chocolate powder are not only determined by processing method, but also influenced by its ingredients. Thus, proportion of ingredients in cocoa drink should be also highly considered. This work investigated the impact of steam jet type and proportion of sucrose on the solubility and appearance of instanised chocolate powder. In this study, two types of steam jet agglomerator, namely continuous and batch type and three levels of sucrose proportion, namely, 15%, 30%, 45% were used as variables. The results showed that the type of Steam jet agglomerator, sucrose proportion and their interaction influenced the parameters investigated. In general, the solubility of instanised chocolate powder produced with continuous type is slightly higher than the solubility of instanised chocolate powder produced with batch type steam jet agglomerator. With regard to the appearance, it can be observed that the brightness of the cocoa drink produced with batch type is slightly lower than that of the cocoa drink produced with continuous type.
Optimizing pre-cooking treatment condition for reducing lead (Pb) content in Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.)
Authors: Afiah R N , Supartono W , Suwondo E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Seaweeds are increasingly used in Indonesian cuisines due to their nutritional value and health benefits. In contrast to these benefits, they accumulate lead during their growth and exhibit potential health risks upon ingestion. To overcome these risks, some appropriate pre-cooking treatments are desired to reduce lead content. Sample of Gracilaria sp. will be treated by soaking before cooking. This study applied the Taguchi method to determine optimum pre-cooking treatment conditions to reduce the level of lead in Gracilaria sp. The control factors included soaking temperature, time reaction, potential of hydrogen and water volume are used for this research. The levels of lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). After these processes, lead contents were found to be successfully reduced and the results show that the optimal conditions during the soaking process can reduce the levels of lead of Gracilaria sp. until 56%.
Land Evaluation Suitability for Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Lombok Island Province of West Nusa Tenggara with Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Murad  , Sumarsono J , Hidayat AF 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Land degradation consequence utilization of inappropriate causes depreciation watershed performance. the importance of using the land for conservation and cultivation requires wise handling. Tobacco gives good impact to conservation and beneficial to cultivate. Therefore, evaluation of land for tobacco is important. The purpose of this research is to determine land evaluation for tobacco plants at Lombok island with divider rainfall, land slope, temperature and soil depth with the geographic information system. The results of the land evaluation analysis show that 0% S1 (highly suitable), 32.2% S2 (moderately suitable), 66.4% S3 (marginally suitable) and 0.4% (not suitable). With that result, tobacco plants cultivation as land conservation can be developed in Lombok island.
Shelflife Estimation of Seaweed Dodol in OPP Packaging by Using Accelerated Shelf Life Test Method
Authors: Latief R , Amalia ANA , Wulandari R 
Published: November 2019

Abstrac
This research is carried out due to the limited information on the shelf-life of food product in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. In addition, there is no sufficient information on the self-life of packed seaweed dodol which produced by using scientific method. Seaweed dodol has a high economic value. The objective of this research was to estimate the self-life of seaweed dodol which is produced in traditional scale (micro, small, and middle scale bussiness) using the scientific method. Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) Method is one of methods used in determining the shelf life of seaweed dodol based on critical water content and graining as indicators of quality deterioration. The isotermic sorption model of products was obtained from isotermic sorption curve formed from the relationship between the values of water activity (aw) and the equilibrium moisture content (Me). Moreover, five different models of isotermic sorption were tested. They were Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin model. The results showed that the Henderson model was the appropriate model in describing the isotermic sorption phenomena at seaweed dodol with the Mean Relative Deviatian (MRD) of 1.4. By integrating the critical moisture content (Mc), packing permeability (OPP), sample weights (Ws), the surface area of packing (A) and the saturated vapor pressure (Po) into the equation Labuza, the self-life of seaweed dodol at temperature of 30 °C and RH of 78% was 56 days.
Endosperm color inheritance pattern of black Toraja rice
Authors: Muchlis A R , Haring F , Riadi M , Rafiuddin  , Sjahril R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to obtain information about the endosperm color inheritance pattern of Toraja black rice. This research was conducted by the experimental farm, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture, from August 2017 to February 2018. This study was designed using a Randomized Block Design. The color of the seed as a treatment consists of full black (the outer and inner parts of rice), medium black (the outer part and a small portion of inner part of rice), and thin black (only the outer part of rice), with 8 replications so there were 24 experimental units. The seedling were planted in a bucket, one seedling for each bucket. The inheritance pattern of full black and thin black genotypes follows the Mendel inheritance pattern with a ratio of genotype 1 : 2 : 1. Percentage of full black endosperm color has a high heritability, while percentage of medium black and the percentage of thin black have moderate heritability.
Irrigation network information system for irrigation area management (Case study in Tapango Polewali District, West Sulawesi)
Authors: Faridah S N , Samsuar  , Sapsal M T , Suhardi  , Alfiani S H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Success in implement irrigation area management activities is highly dependent on data availability. The existence of a realtime, fast, and accurate information is very important. The data and information needed must be easily accessible to interested parties. Development of an irrigation network information system is carried out by converting data into coordinate form using ArcGIS software. Visual studio software is used to display all data that has been processed. Spatial-based irrigation network information systems built using ArcGIS and Visual Studio software can easily obtain information about channel conditions, rating curves, channel profiles and channel photos. the availability of spatial-based irrigation network information systems facilitates the management of irrigation networks.
GNSS-based PWV Application for Short Term Rainfall Prediction in Mountainous Region
Authors: Mawandha H G , Kishimoto M , Sulistiyani  , Oishi S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rainfall in the mountainous region has unique characteristics related to time-varying and spatial distribution. In Mt. Merapi region, located at the border of Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and Central Java Province, Indonesia, rainfalls are typically classified as the deep-convective type, which occurs in a short period with high intensity. Therefore, short term rainfall predictions in a proper way remain challenging tasks. The use of remote monitoring instruments such as the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is believed to provide a better measurement accuracy through the identification of water vapor variation in the process of deep convection weather. GNSS observes the geodetic position of the GNSS antenna or receiver while it broadcasts microwave signals continuously through the atmosphere to the ground-based receivers. As they travel through the atmosphere, the microwave signals are mostly influenced by ionospheric and neutral atmospheric effects, which cause some delays. By using a sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers, the impact of the neutral atmosphere delay can be estimated as a by-product of the geodetic processing. These delays can be regarded as an integrated water vapor along the path, namely Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), which can be indirectly measured by Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). By studying the relationship between time-varying PWV and rainfall, it can be found that the PWV level increases sharply before raining. Through the deployment of GNSS receivers, the spatial feature of rainfall characteristics is also depicted. The initial results showed that the increase of PWV is strongly correlated to rainfall occurrence based on the rain gauge measurement around Mt. Merapi region. The results show that the correct forecasted rate is about 47%-62% with the PWV increment time is three hours.
The effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on advance vegetative phase to the water stress and water productivity of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plant
Authors: Rosadi RAB , Triyono S , Lanya B , Mahmud S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on advance vegetative phase to the water productivity of Soybean. This research was conducted under plastic house on the field laboratory of Lampung University from October 2018 to January 2019. The water stress treatments in regulated deficit irrigation levels were DI1 (0 – 100 %) of total available water as a control, DI2 (0 – 80 %), DI3 (0 – 60 %), DI4 (0 – 40 %) and DI5 (0 – 20 %) of total available water (TAW) arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the soybean plant started to experience stress from week IV, the soybean plant started to experience stress within 0-40 % of total available water and continuing to stress until the end of growth, even the RDI treatment was stop at week VI. It means that the soybean plant which experience to tress at vegetative advance can’t be recovered even the soybean plant was irrigated to bring back the water to the field capacity. The (p) value was 0.6 and the Ks value were 0.84; 0.70; 0.68; 0.80, 0.86 and 0.88 at week IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX, respectively. The average Ks value was 0.79. There was no significant different between DI1 DI2, and DI3 in water productivity of soybean plant. The value of water productivity were 0.65, 0.49, 0.48, 0.40 and 0.42 at DI1, DI2, DI3, DI4, DI5, respectively. The optimum water management which the high crop water productivity (WP=0.48) was reach by RDI at DI3 treatment which maintain the available water between 0-60 % or the soybean plant must be irrigate by bring back the water to the 60 % of total available water. The optimum yield of soybean (Anjasmoro veriety) was 17.9 g/pot and crop water requirement was 36746.5 ml or equal to 566.08 mm.
The Design of Automatic Sprinkler based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller
Authors: Priyati A , Sahbandi M , Putra GMD , Setiawati DA 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultrasonic sensors (measure the distance of rotary direction regulator for DC motors). Arduino board is preferable as the main controller due to its simplicity. Tool testing was conducted through trials on soil samples and performance tests when the tool was operating. The parameters observed were solar intensity (Lux), ambient temperature (°C), RH (%), water discharge (ml/s), DC motor axis rotation (rpm), AC and DC voltage (Volt), and soil moisture (%). The tool testing showed that the designed watering system could works properly with less than 10% MAPE. When the sensor read the soil moisture value below 70% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned on. Whereas, when the soil moisture value achieved 80% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned off. Performance test was conducted for three days of observation. The founding shows that the designed automatic watering system could successfully provide as much as 2.52 litre of water during approximately 6 minutes of watering period.
The Effect of Sonication Time on Physicochemical Profiles of The Nanocalsium from Snake-Head Fish Bone (Channa striata)
Authors: Tawali AB , Wakiah N , Qanitah K , Asfar M , Sukendar NK , Metusalach  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Snake-Head Fish bone is one of the fishery wastes that is potentially used as the raw material for calcium supplement products. In order to make the calcium products easily absorbed and utilized rapidly by human body, supplement products need to be made in nano form. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of the sonication time in the production of Snake-Head Fish bone nano calcium on the physical profile of the resulted nano calcium, and to obtain the best sonication time. The development of nanocalcium utilized sonication method with 405 Powersonic Ultrasonic Cleaner. The result showed that the best particle size distribution was found on 45 minutes sonication treatment which was 842.3 nm with the highest particle size ranging from 461,6 to 487,5 nm. The average value of the polydispersity index is 1.527. The yield of nano calcium produced from whole fish is 1.331%. The resulting nano calcium has an average white degree of 86.622% and average density of 0.73 g / ml. Some other mineral content also showed a not significant difference.
Characterization of Sulfited Fat From Limed Hides Fleshing as a Leather Fatliquor
Authors: Sugihartono  , Rahmawati D , Priatni A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The limed fleshing is generated in the beam house process, is the largest amount of waste, rots easily and causes a pungent smell that pollutes the environment. The use of limed fleshing in fatliquor is an effort to suppress the occurrence of pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the physico-chemical properties of fatliquor from limed fleshing. Delimed fleshing with ammonium sulfate and water on a rotating drum. Fat was extracted from delimed fleshing using the wet rendering method and purified using n-hexane. The fat from delimed fleshing was characterized and then processed into a fatliquor. The fatliquors is prepared by reacting fat with aqueous sodium bisulfite (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol/kg based on fatty matters) at a temperature of 85° C for 2 hours. The results showed that fat from limed fleshing can be used to produce fatliquors substances. Based on the physico-chemical properties, the best fatliquors agent is prepared by treating sodium bisulfite with 2.0 mol/kg based on fatty matters.
Simulation Study of Kalman-Bucy filter Based Optimal Yaw Rate Control System for Autonomous Tractor
Authors: Purbowaskito W , Telaumbanua M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Unstructured agricultural field environment and varying jobs need to be done by a tractor bring the autonomous tractor subjected into the changes of its system dynamics. Due to this condition, development of autonomous tractor yaw rate dynamics control system is a challenging study. An observer based optimal controller is employed to control the autonomous tractor yaw rate dynamics control system in this simulation study. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used as the optimal control algorithm, while the Kalman-Bucy filter is used as the state observer of the autonomous tractor. This Kalman based LQR method works by combination of optimization and state estimation approaches. Based on the proposed method, the LQR controller provides satisfactory yaw rate controller results. The yaw rate estimation error which is ranged at ± 0.05 deg/sec proves that Kalman-Bucy filter provides satisfactory estimation results.