bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leak-in dark matter
Authors: Evans Jared A. , Gaidau Cristian , Shelton Jessie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We introduce leak-in dark matter, a novel out-of-equilibrium origin for the dark matter (DM) in the universe. We provide a comprehensive and unified discussion of a minimal, internally-thermalized, hidden sector populated from an out-of-equilibrium, feeble connection to the hotter standard model (SM) sector. We emphasize that when this out-of-equilibrium interaction is renormalizable, the colder sector undergoes an extended phase of non-adiabatic evolution largely independent of initial conditions, which we dub “leak-in.” We discuss the leak-in phase in generality, and establish the general properties of dark matter that freezes out from a radiation bath undergoing such a leak-in phase. As a concrete example, we consider a model where the SM has an out-of-equilibrium B − L vector portal interaction with a minimal hidden sector. We discuss the interplay between leak-in and freezein processes in this theory in detail and demonstrate regions where leak-in yields the full relic abundance. We study observational prospects for B − L vector portal leak-in DM, and find that despite the requisite small coupling to the SM, a variety of experiments can serve as sensitive probes of leak-in dark matter. Additionally, regions allowed by all current constraints yield DM with self-interactions large enough to address small-scale structure anomalies.
New and old fermionic dualities from 3d bosonization
Authors: Aitken Kyle , Choi Changha , Karch Andreas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We construct novel fermion-fermion dualities in 2 + 1-dimensions using 3d bosonization dualities. This is achieved by relating two-node quiver theories using both the flavor-bounded and flavor-violated 3d bosonization dualities. Such quivers can be viewed as a generalization of the fermionic particle-vortex duality. A special case of these quivers exhibits a ℤ2 symmetry under interchange of the two nodes. Using orbifold techniques, we show that such dualities provide a novel way of deriving known 3d bosonization dualities with adjoint matter, thus unifying the non-Abelian bosonization dualities in an even larger duality web. We then use this construction to derive new dualities involving adjoint matter.
Generalizations of the Sommerfield and Schwinger models
Authors: Georgi Howard , Warner Brian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Sommerfield model with a massive vector field coupled to a massless fermion in 1+1 dimensions is an exactly solvable analog of a Bank-Zaks model. The “physics” of the model comprises a massive boson and an unparticle sector that survives at low energy as a conformal field theory (Thirring model). We analyze generalizations of the Sommerfield model, and the corresponding generalizations of the Schwinger model, with more massless fermions and more vector fields.
Stabilizing homogeneous black strings in AdS
Authors: Cisterna Adolfo , Henríquez-Báez Carla , Oliva Julio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is known that homogenous black strings in flat spacetime are unstable under long wavelength perturbations. Recently, by including scalar fields that depend on the extended coordinates only, homogenous black strings have been constructed in the presence of a negative cosmological constant, therefore implying that generic perturbations will contain both metric and scalar fluctuations. Here we show that for such generic perturbations homogeneous black strings with a negative cosmological constant are perturbatively stable at linear level, regardless the size of the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole located on the brane.
Digital Public Health – ein Überblick
Authors:   Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Zeeb Hajo , Pigeot Iris , Schüz Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie rasante Entwicklung neuer digitaler Technologien hat nicht nur die medizinische Praxis verändert, sondern bietet auch große Chancen und Herausforderungen für Public Health, insbesondere in Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention.Gleichzeitig ist dieses neue Feld auch gekennzeichnet durch begriffliche und konzeptuelle Unschärfen, einen bemerkenswerten Mangel an qualitativ hochwertiger Evidenz sowie eine fehlende Diskussion von unerwünschten Effekten und Begleiterscheinungen. Eine weitere Herausforderung liegt darin, dass die Entwicklung von Technologien aktuell durch den technologischen Fortschritt und weniger durch evidenzbasierte und evidenzorientierte Forschung vorangetrieben wird.In diesem Überblicksartikel wird das Feld „Digital Public Health“ konzeptuell beschrieben und anhand von grundlegenden Public-Health-Funktionen als Anforderungsprofil definiert. Wir diskutieren einige Beispiele, wie digitale Technologien aktuell zur Erfüllung von Public-Health-Aufgaben genutzt werden, und schlagen eine bedarfsorientierte Entwicklung von digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien vor.Wir gehen außerdem auf spezifische Herausforderungen, insbesondere sozioökonomische Unterschiede in der Nutzung und in den Effekten von digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien, sowie Datenschutz- und ethische Aspekte ein.
Genomic Breeding of Green Super Rice Varieties and Their Deployment in Asia and Africa
Authors: Yu Sibin , Ali Jauhar , Zhang Chaopu , Li Zhikang , Zhang Qifa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Key message
The “Green Super Rice” (GSR) project aims to fundamentally transform crop production techniques and promote the development of green agriculture based on functional genomics and breeding of GSR varieties by whole-genome breeding platforms.

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the leading food crops of the world, and the safe production of rice plays a central role in ensuring food security. However, the conflicts between rice production and environmental resources are becoming increasingly acute. For this reason, scientists in China have proposed the concept of Green Super Rice for promoting resource-saving and environment-friendly rice production, while still achieving a yield increase and quality improvement. GSR is becoming one of the major goals for agricultural research and crop improvement worldwide, which aims to mine and use vital genes associated with superior agronomic traits such as high yield, good quality, nutrient efficiency, and resistance against insects and stresses; establish genomic breeding platforms to breed and apply GSR; and set up resource-saving and environment-friendly cultivation management systems. GSR has been introduced into eight African and eight Asian countries and has contributed significantly to rice cultivation and food security in these countries. This article mainly describes the GSR concept and recent research progress, as well as the significant achievements in GSR breeding and its application.
Temporal design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Saliba S. , Kirkman-Brown J. C. , Thomas-Seale L. E. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is expected to generate huge economic revenue by 2025; however, this will only be realised by overcoming the barriers that are preventing its increased adoption to end-use parts. Design for AM (DfAM) is recognised as a multi-faceted problem, exasperated by constraints to creativity, knowledge propagation, insufficiencies in education and a fragmented software pipeline. This study proposes a novel approach to increase the creativity in DfAM. Through comparison between DfAM and in utero human development, the unutilised potential of design through the time domain was identified. Therefore, the aim of the research is to develop a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programme to demonstrate design through the time domain, known as Temporal DfAM (TDfAM). This was achieved through a bespoke MATLAB code which applies a linear function to a process parameter, discretised across the additive build. TDfAM was demonstrated through the variation of extrusion speed combined with the infill angle, through the axial and in-plane directions. It is widely accepted in the literature that AM processing parameters change the properties of AM materials. Thus, the application of the TDfAM approach offers the engineer increased creative scope and control, whilst inherently upskilling knowledge, in the design of AM materials.
LC-MS screening of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil by Kendrick mass analysis
Authors: Bugsel Boris , Zwiener Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application of contaminated paper sludge on arable land in southwest Germany caused the occurrence of a broad range of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on soil. Recently, the dead-end transformation products (TPs) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid were detected in groundwater and drinking water. The precursors and other transformation products mostly remained unknown. Therefore, HRMS screening by Kendrick mass analysis and assignment of homologous series in combination with suspect screening were applied to identify original PFASs and their TPs in four different soil samples from sites where contaminated paper sludge was applied. In total, twelve compound classes comprising more than 61 PFASs could be fully or tentatively identified. The data reveal that contamination mainly originates from polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/14:2), N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol–based phosphate diesters (only C8/C8) and transformation products of these precursors. Contamination patterns can be attributed to PFASs used for paper impregnation and can vary slightly from site to site.
Application of vacuum solid-phase microextraction for the analysis of semi-hard cheese volatiles
Authors: Sýkora M. , Vítová E. , Jeleń H. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a well-established technique in the analysis of food volatile compounds, usually performed for qualitative analysis. This paper presents an elaboration of conditions for SPME analysis of main volatile compounds in hard cheese and an evaluation of suitability of vacuum to improve the transfer of volatile compounds towards SPME fiber. Compounds representing the main groups of hard cheese volatiles were investigated: 1-pentanol, butanoic acid, 2,3-butanedione and 2-heptanone. Parameters for SPME extraction (temperature, water, sodium carbonate addition, time, vacuum) were evaluated. Application of vacuum had a positive effect on all analytes when extraction was performed from water, but in the cheese matrix the effect was significant only for butanoic acid. Extraction time was the most significant factor for extraction efficiency in examined cheeses, while temperature had a minor effect on the amount of extracted volatiles. The method was applied on Edam, Emmentaler, Gouda and Maasdam cheeses obtained from the market.
The importance of oceanic atoll lagoons for coral reef predators
Authors: Skinner Christina , Mill Aileen C. , Newman Steven P. , Alsagoff S. Nadia , Polunin Nicholas V. C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPredators on coral reefs play an important ecological role structuring reef fish communities and are important fishery targets. It is thought that reef predator assemblages increase in density and diversity from inner lagoonal to outer edge reefs. Oceanic atolls may differ though, as nutrients are available throughout. Reef predator populations are declining, but there is little known about how their distributions may vary across oceanic atolls. Using a combination of underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video, this study aimed to compare reef predator populations between inner and outer reefs of North Malé Atoll (Maldives) and determine which reef metrics may drive any differences in assemblage structure. We found that predator assemblages were significantly different between inner and outer atoll. Body sizes of several predator families were consistently larger in the outer atoll, however, abundance, biomass and species richness were similar between outer edge reefs and inner lagoonal reefs suggesting atoll lagoons may be undervalued habitats. Depth and complexity were consistently important predictors of the predator assemblage. Inner atoll lagoonal habitat is equally as important for reef predator assemblages as outer reef slopes, although the dominant species differ. This study provides important information on reef predator populations in the Maldives, where detailed assessments of the reef predator assemblage are lacking but the reef fishery is thriving and annual catch will continue to increase.
Minimal Soft Lattice Theta Functions
Authors: Bétermin Laurent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the minimality properties of a new type of “soft” theta functions. For a lattice $$L\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

L
⊂

R

d

, an L-periodic distribution of mass $$\mu _L$$

μ
L

, and another mass $$\nu _z$$

ν
z

centered at $$z\in {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

z
∈

R

d

, we define, for all scaling parameters $$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

, the translated lattice theta function $$\theta _{\mu _L+\nu _z}(\alpha )$$

θ

μ
L

+

ν
z

(
α
)

as the Gaussian interaction energy between $$\nu _z$$

ν
z

and $$\mu _L$$

μ
L

. We show that any strict local or global minimality result that is true in the point case $$\mu =\nu =\delta _0$$

μ
=
ν
=

δ
0

also holds for $$L\mapsto \theta _{\mu _L+\nu _0}(\alpha )$$

L
↦

θ

μ
L

+

ν
0

(
α
)

and $$z\mapsto \theta _{\mu _L+\nu _z}(\alpha )$$

z
↦

θ

μ
L

+

ν
z

(
α
)

when the measures are radially symmetric with respect to the points of $$L\cup \{z\}$$

L
∪
{
z
}

and sufficiently rescaled around them (i.e., at a low scale). The minimality at all scales is also proved when the radially symmetric measures are generated by a completely monotone kernel. The method is based on a generalized Jacobi transformation formula, some standard integral representations for lattice energies, and an approximation argument. Furthermore, for the honeycomb lattice $${\mathsf {H}}$$
H
, the center of any primitive honeycomb is shown to minimize $$z\mapsto \theta _{\mu _{{\mathsf {H}}}+\nu _z}(\alpha )$$

z
↦

θ

μ
H

+

ν
z

(
α
)

, and many applications are stated for other particular physically relevant lattices including the triangular, square, cubic, orthorhombic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic lattices.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of bilastine in children aged 6 to 11 years with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or chronic urticaria
Authors: Rodríguez Mónica , Vozmediano Valvanera , García-Bea Aintzane , Novák Zoltán , Yáñez Anahí , Campo Cristina , Labeaga Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBilastine, a second-generation antihistamine, is approved in Europe for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria in adults and children aged ≥ 6 years. Pharmacokinetic data for children aged 6–11 years were extracted post hoc from a study in which children (2–11 years) with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or urticaria received oral bilastine (10 mg/day). Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) data were compared with adult pharmacokinetic data from seven clinical studies (bilastine 20 mg/day). Safety data for children aged 6–11 years were extracted post hoc from a phase III randomized controlled trial of children (2–11 years) with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or chronic urticaria receiving once-daily bilastine 10 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Exposure and Cmax values were similar for children (6–11 years) and adults: median pediatric/adult ratios for AUC0–24 and Cmax were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse in children (6–11 years) receiving bilastine 10 mg or placebo.Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic and safety analyses in children aged 6–11 years support the suitability of the pediatric dose of bilastine 10 mg and confirm that the safety profiles of bilastine and placebo are similar.What is Known:• Bilastine, a second-generation antihistamine, is approved in Europe for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria in adults (20 mg/day) and children aged ≥ 6 years (10 mg/day).• An ontogenic model based on adult data and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulations supported the selection of a bilastine dose of 10 mg/day in children aged 2–11 years. Bilastine 10 mg/day was shown to have a safety profile similar to that of placebo in a large phase III randomized clinical trial in children aged 2–11 years.What is New:• As bilastine is approved in Europe for children aged ≥6 years, the current study reports the results of two post hoc analyses of pharmacokinetic and safety data in children aged 6–11 years.• Analysis of pharmacokinetic and safety data in children aged 6–11 years supports the suitability of the pediatric dose of bilastine 10 mg and confirms that its safety profile is similar to that of placebo.
Effect of cannabinoid-serotonin interactions in the regulation of neuropeptide Y1 receptors expression in rats: the role of CB1 and 5-HT2C receptor
Authors: Khansari Mohammad Reza , Panahi Negar , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Zendehdel Morteza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in a diversity of critical functions such as circadian rhythms, energy homeostasis, and appetite regulation in the hypothalamus. It has identified as a crucial participant in adjusting energy intake and energy storage as fat via central neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R), leading to obesity and metabolic disorders. The present study was expected to investigate the interaction between 2-AG (CB1R agonist), m-CPP (5HT2CR agonist), SB-242084 (5HT2CR antagonist), and SR-141716A (CB1R antagonist) by mediating through the NPY1R for treating or preventing obesity, metabolic disorders, and other abnormalities. The expression level of NPY1R mRNA has studied on the rat brain by real-time quantitative PCR assay. Based on our findings, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of combined 2-AG (1 μg) + m-CPP (2.5 μg) has antagonistic interaction in the expression of the NPY1R gene (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ICV co-injection of SB-242084 (3 μg) + SR-141716A (1 μg) has antagonistic interaction in the NPY1R gene expression (P < 0.001). Co-administration of 2-AG (1 μg) + SB-242084 (3 μg) amplified NPY1R gene expression (P < 0.001), while the ICV co-injection of m-CPP (2.5 μg) + SR-141716A (1 μg) decreased NPY1R gene expression in the hypothalamus (P < 0.001). These results revealed the interference in cannabinoid and serotonergic systems via CB1 and 5HT2C receptors in the expression of NPY1R mRNA in the hypothalamic area of rats.
Recent Growth and Expansion of Birch Shrubs Across a Low Arctic Landscape in Continental Canada: Are These Responses More a Consequence of the Severely Declining Caribou Herd than of Climate Warming?
Authors: Andruko Rhett , Danby Ryan , Grogan Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent widespread expansion of deciduous shrubs across much of the Arctic has been largely attributed to climate warming. This study investigated decadal growth rates of dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) across a low Arctic landscape in the continental interior of Canada. Detailed birch cover (100 m2replicate plots) and individual shrub stature measurement datasets for five representative habitat-types were compared between 2006 and 2016, and evaluated in relation to environmental characteristics. Furthermore, dendrochronologically-based annual growth rates were assessed in relation to the 20-year climate record. Birch height, lateral dimensions, and patch groundcover all increased 20–25% relative to 2006 values, but these increases were similar among the habitat-types. Together, the limited evidence of recent warming at this site, the absence of significant habitat-type growth rate differences, and the lack of correlation between annual climate and stem secondary growth strongly suggest that climate change was not the principal cause. Instead, we propose that release from caribou impacts following the recent severe herd decline may explain the net shrub growth. Individual shrub growth rates were correlated with soil nutrient availability, but the latter was highly variable, suggesting that growth rates are primarily determined by fine-scale rather than habitat-scale spatial heterogeneity in nutrient supply. Together, our results demonstrate that birch growth has been enhanced across a variety of habitat-types in the Daring Lake landscape over the decade since 2006, and suggest that the recent severe caribou herd declines may be at least as significant as climate warming in driving birch shrub expansion in the Canadian central low Arctic.
Advanced therapy medicinal products: value judgement and ethical evaluation in health technology assessment
Authors: Gonçalves Elisabete 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdvanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a heterogeneous class of medicinal products that by offering the potential of cure represent a paradigm shift in the approach of many life-threatening diseases. Although a common regulatory framework for ATMPs has been established in the EU, the health technology assessment (HTA) and financing decisions remain local. The aim of this article is to present an integrated analysis of the current status of the value judgment of ATMPs and the integration of ethical evaluation in the HTA process. It has been identified that approaching the specificities of ATMPs in terms of market access will require a broadening of the definition of value to be able to systematically capture elements of value not traditionally considered. Outcomes modelling will play an important role in the pricing and reimbursement of ATMPs, providing a way to bridge the gap caused by the absence of data from clinical studies or real-world data. Given the nature and disruptive consequences of ATMPs the assessment and adoption of these medicinal products raises important ethical questions, both at a policy and at society level that should be properly addressed. HTA can be made more transparent and reliable, and simultaneously promote robust and accountable decision making, by turning explicit the value judgments implicit in HTA. Ultimately, there should be no core conflict between ethical requirements and HTA in a scenario where the goal is to promote equity and access of patients to truly innovative therapies such as ATMPs, while assuring the sustainability of healthcare systems.
Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for ocular chemical injuries in Shanghai from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Li Tao , Jiang Bo , Zhou Xiaodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with ocular chemical injuries and evaluate their potential relationship with the visual outcome by analyzing the medical records of these patients from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017.

Methods
This is a retrospective case series study. Patient data included age, gender, occupational classification, location of ocular chemical injury, initial and final best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), nature and chemical phase, distribution and severity of chemical injury, management methods, and complications. All variables were evaluated for their potential relationship with visual outcome.

Results
A total of 160 patients were hospitalized with ocular chemical injuries. Majority of the patients were factory workers and arrived at the consultation room less than 24 h after injury. The most common ocular injury setting, classification of severity, causative chemical, chemical phase, and complications were workplace, grade II, unknown and mixed substance, liquid, and elevated IOP, respectively. The risk factors for poor final BCDVA were identified as older age, poor initial BCDVA, and irrigation 24 h after injury (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusions
We elaborate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ocular chemical injuries in Jinshan District, Shanghai. A comprehensive education program should be established and the use of protective eyewear should be promoted to prevent occupation-related ocular chemical injuries.