bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chordome: Gibt es eine molekulargenetische Grundlage für Diagnostik und Therapie?
Authors: Scheipl Susanne , Igrec Jasminka , Leithner Andreas , Smolle Maria , Haybäck Johannes , Liegl Bernadette 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungChordome sind maligne Knochentumoren, die mit einer jährlichen Inzidenz von 0,08 pro 100.000 Personen auftreten. Sie zeigen eine notochordale Differenzierung mit einer nukleären Expression von Brachyury (TBXT). Hauptlokalisation ist das axiale Skelett vom Clivus bis zum Sakrum und dem Os coccygis. Chordome wachsen langsam und lange nur lokal destruierend. Sie werden daher oft erst spät diagnostiziert. Putative Vorläuferläsionen sind Chordareste und der benigne notochordale Zelltumor. Dabei handelt es sich um zumeist mikroskopisch kleine, intraossäre Läsionen. Bei Chordomen werden unterschiedliche histologische Subtypen differenziert, welche sich prognostisch unterscheiden. Wiederkehrende genetische Veränderungen als Tumorauslöser sind nicht bekannt. Brachyury scheint eine noch nicht im Detail geklärte Schlüsselfunktion in der Entstehung von Chordomen zu besitzen. Die chirurgische En-bloc-Resektion mit negativen Resektionsrändern ist die einzige kurative Behandlungsoption. Die Hochdosisbestrahlung, speziell mit Protonen und Carbonionen, ist eine therapeutische Alternative in inoperablen Fällen. Medikamentöse Therapien sind für Chordome derzeit nicht zugelassen. Erste klinische Studien zu neuen Therapiemodalitäten laufen.
The vascularized fascia lata free flap: an anatomical study and clinical considerations
Authors: Janik Stefan , Hirtler Lena , Traxler Hannes , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Seemann Rudolf , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeFascia lata (FL) is often used as fascial component of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in head and neck reconstruction. No distinct data exist on whether the FL has its own reliable vascular supply and whether the fascia alone can be harvested as a fascia lata free flap.MethodsWe dissected 25 thighs of 15 cadavers. The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) was identified, and the size of stained fascia and skin were measured after injection of methylene blue into the descending branch (DB). Finally, topography of fascial vessels was determined.ResultsStaining of fascia and skin paddle was found in all 25 cases. Ascending skin perforators of the DB of the LCFA gave off branches for supply of the FL enabling harvest of a fascia lata free flap. Septo- or musculocutaneous perforators pierced FL and entered skin within the proximal 38.6–60% of the thigh. The mean length and width of stained FL was 15.8 ± 4.1 cm and 8.7 ± 2.0 cm, respectively, and size of stained FL ranged from 40.0 to 336.0 cm2. In 20 cases (80%), skin paddles were 2.4 times larger on average compared to corresponding FL.ConclusionWe could demonstrate that the FL receives its own vascular supply from perforators of the DB originating from the LCFA. Hence, harvest of a fascia lata free flap is possible, reliable, and the size of the fascia is suitable for reconstruction of small and large defects of the head and neck.
Spatiotemporal cluster and incidence analysis of cattle mortality caused by bovine babesiosis in Styria, Austria, between 1998 and 2016
Authors: Schlögl Karoline Stefanie , Hiesel Jörg Anton , Wolf Robert , Kopacka Ian , Wagner Peter , Kastelic John , Deutz Armin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReported fatal cases of bovine babesiosis (syn.: piroplasmosis, red water fever) in cattle were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal clusters of their incidence in the Austrian province of Styria. Data were collected within a governmental babesiosis compensation program. Diagnosis was performed using a standardized necropsy protocol. Between 1998 and 2016, a total of 1257 cases of fatal babesiosis were registered and compensated. Within the study interval, annual numbers of fatal babesiosis differed significantly among municipalities. Spatiotemporal analysis covering the entire study period revealed one high-risk cluster in the western and central northern region of Styria and a low-risk cluster in the southeastern part of Styria. Annual temporal analysis demonstrated that cases accumulated in June. Annual spatial analysis revealed consistently that cases mainly occurred in the western and central northern regions, whereas they occurred rarely in the southeastern regions. These results should increase awareness and facilitate protective actions against ticks during certain time periods and geographic areas.
Non-intersection of transient branching random walks
Authors: Hutchcroft Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet G be a Cayley graph of a nonamenable group with spectral radius $$\rho < 1$$

ρ
<
1

. It is known that branching random walk on G with offspring distribution $$\mu $$
μ
is transient, i.e., visits the origin at most finitely often almost surely, if and only if the expected number of offspring $${\overline{\mu }}$$

μ
¯

satisfies $$\overline{\mu }\le \rho ^{-1}$$

μ
¯

≤

ρ

-
1

. Benjamini and Müller (Groups Geom Dyn, 6:231–247, 2012) conjectured that throughout the transient supercritical phase $$1<\overline{\mu } \le \rho ^{-1}$$

1
<

μ
¯

≤

ρ

-
1

, and in particular at the recurrence threshold $${\overline{\mu }} = \rho ^{-1}$$

μ
¯

=

ρ

-
1

, the trace of the branching random walk is tree-like in the sense that it is infinitely-ended almost surely on the event that the walk survives forever. This is essentially equivalent to the assertion that two independent copies of the branching random walk intersect at most finitely often almost surely. We prove this conjecture, along with several other related conjectures made by the same authors. A central contribution of this work is the introduction of the notion of local unimodularity, which we expect to have several further applications in the future.
Does the external remote controller’s reading correspond to the actual lengthening in magnetic-controlled growing rods?
Authors: Teoh Kar Hao , Moideen Abdul Nazeer , Mukherjee Kausik , Kamath Sridhar , James Stuart H. , Jones Alwyn , Howes John , Davies Paul R. , Ahuja Sashin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeMagnetic-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) are now routinely used in many centres to treat early-onset scoliosis (EOS). MCGR lengthening is done non-invasively by the external remote controller (ERC). Our experience suggests that there may be a discrepancy between the reported rod lengthening on the ERC and the actual rod lengthening. The aim of this study was to investigate this discrepancy.MethodsThis was a prospective series. Eleven patients who were already undergoing treatment for EOS using MCGRs were included in this study.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-two sets of ultrasound readings were obtained (96 episodes of rod lengthening on dual-rod constructs) and compared to their ERC readings. Only 15/192 (7.8%) readings were accurate; 27 readings (14.9%) were false positive; and 8 readings (4.2%) were an underestimation while 142 readings (74.0%) were an overestimation by the ERC. Average over-reporting by the ERC was 5.31 times of the actual/ultrasound reading. When comparing interval radiographs with lengthening obtained on ultrasound, there was a discrepancy with an average overestimation of 1.35 times with ultrasound in our series. There was a significant difference between ERC and USS (p = 0.01) and ERC and XR (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between USS and XR (p > 0.99).ConclusionThe reading on the ERC does not equate to the actual rod lengthening. The authors would recommend that clinicians using the MCGR for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis include pre- and post-extension imaging (radiographs or ultrasound) to confirm extension lengths at each outpatient extension. In centres with ultrasound facilities, we would suggest that patients should have ultrasound to monitor each lengthening after distraction but also 6-month radiographs.Graphic abstractThese slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Patient-reported experience measures in patients undergoing navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS): the introduction of nTMS-PREMs
Authors: Patel Sabina , Ghimire Prajwal , Lavrador José Pedro , Jung Josephine , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani Francesco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are a unique measure of experience of patients which can help address the quality of care of the patients.

Objective
Our aim of the study is to collect quality of care outcomes with our newly navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation patient-reported experience measure (nTMS-PREMs) questionnaire among neurosurgical patients undergoing nTMS.

Methods
A single-centre prospective nTMS-PREMs 19-item questionnaire study was performed between February 2018 and December 2018 on patient referred for nTMS at our hospital. The Data was analysed using Likert scale, linear and logistic regression using statistical software (STATA 13.0®).

Results
Fifty patient questionnaires were collected (30 males, 20 females, mean age of 47.6 ± 2.1 years) among which 74% of patients underwent both motor and language mapping with a mean duration of 103.3 ± 5.1 min. An overall positive response was noted from the results of the questionnaire, tiredness and anxiety being the common effects noted. Patients with the left-sided disease appreciated more the conditions provided in our laboratory (Q4, p = 0.040) and increasing age was related to less confidence and trust (Q6, p = 0.038) in the staff performing the exam. Younger patients tolerated nTMS better than older patients (> 65 years). PubMed literature search resulted in no relevant articles on the use of PREMs in nTMS patients.

Conclusion
nTMS is a well-tolerated non-invasive tool and nTMS-PREMS provides a promising role in identifying the unmet needs of the patients and improving the quality of their care.
A multi-method approach to explore environmental governance: a case study of a large, densely populated dry forest region of the neotropics
Authors: Siegmund-Schultze Marianna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSemiarid regions are often secondary on the national to global (scientific) agenda, especially if abundant vegetation elsewhere draws attention and the local population is considered backwards thinking and poverty-stricken. The Caatinga, our case study, is such a region, home to millions of Brazilians and a vast biodiversity. Unfortunately, a widely uncoordinated land use change and biodiversity decline are happening, while farmers’ livelihoods are at risk. We hypothesize substantial weaknesses in the current governance practices. To explore governance of the less noticed region, we conducted interviews and field visits and complemented the findings with the literature and internet resources. Our multi-method approach combines the social–ecological systems framework with constellation analysis and dynamic modeling. The aim was to understand the current state of governance in the region and identify clues for more sustainable land management. The use and conservation of Caatinga are negotiated at multiple levels, which are only sporadically interlinked. The conversion of forest land into alternative land uses shifts and shares responsibility among different sectors, while cross-sectoral cooperation is rarely observed. The region and its population face massive prejudices. Obstructing attitudes, such as thinking in dichotomies, and paternalistic and opportunistic approaches, are being addressed by some new coalitions taking alternative action. It is unlikely that these isolated initiatives will converge by themselves to a larger transformation toward sustainable resource use. There is a need to bring the dispersed actions in a more focused and coordinated approach, integrating socioeconomic and ecological concerns, values, and partnerships.
Effects of Water Cleaning on Different Deposit Types: An Experimental Study Combined with Mathematical Investigations
Authors: Graube-Kühne Franziska , Heißen Nina , Grahl Sebastian , Beckmann Michael , Patel Bhaumik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe deposits in waste incinerators are commonly removed with cleaning systems. Hitherto, the power plants lack the possibility to adjust the cleaning optimally to the specific situation. As a result, the cleaning sometimes has no effect and the deposits remain on the walls, while another time, the cleaning is applied too frequently and may result in damage of the water walls. The current paper evaluates investigations of the cleaning effects of water cleaning systems and their dependency on deposit properties. Real deposits are classified regarding their properties with focus on water cleaning systems. A mathematical model is established which calculates the dominating cleaning effect for known deposits and firing parameters. Firstly, a parameter study analyzes the influence of the deposit’s porosity, material properties, structure and layer thickness on the cleaning results. Afterwards, the model is applied to a real incinerator and three actual cleaning procedures are evaluated concerning their suitability to the existing impurification. The results demonstrate the principal assessment ability of the cleaning cycle and reveal weak points that have to be considered in cleaning setups.
Graphic Abstract
Hypothesis paper: electroacupuncture targeting the gut–brain axis to modulate neurocognitive determinants of eating behavior—toward a proof of concept in the obese minipig model
Authors: Zhang Xuwen , Chen Hanwei , Val-Laillet David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcupuncture has thousands of years of history and perspective for the treatment of many health problems and disorders. Beneficial effects of acupuncture on obesity have been demonstrated at various levels in animals and clinical trials, with almost no adverse effect, even when combined with local electrical stimulation, i.e., electroacupuncture (EA), a way to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. However, there is still scattered evidence about the impact of EA on brain functions related to the control of eating behavior, and notably on the gut–brain axis mechanisms involved in these putative central modulations. During the past 10 years, we have described a convincing diet-induced obese minipig model, and successfully implemented brain imaging and neurocognitive approaches to challenge mechanistic hypotheses and innovative therapeutic strategies. In the present article, we propose to confront the current literature on the acupuncture and EA effects on the gut–brain axis and obesity with the latest developments in nutrition and neuroscience research using the minipig model. Our aims are to (a) elaborate functional hypotheses on the gut–brain mechanisms underlying EA effects on obesity, and especially on the role of the vagus nerve, and (b) present the rational for testing these hypotheses in the minipig model.
Emic and essentialist perspectives on Gaelic heritage: New speakers, language policy, and cultural identity in Nova Scotia and Scotland
Authors: Dunmore Stuart S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of the ‘new speaker’ has gained currency in the sociolinguistics of minority languages in the past decade, referring to individuals who have acquired an additional language outside of the home and who make frequent use of it in the course of their daily lives. Policymakers and language advocates in both Scotland and Canada make frequent reference to the role that new speakers may play in the future of the Gaelic language on both sides of the Atlantic, and Gaelic language teaching of various kinds has been prioritised by policymakers as a mechanism for revitalising the language. This article examines reflexes of this policy in the two countries, juxtaposing the ongoing fragility of Gaelic communities with new speaker discourses around heritage, identity, and language learning motivations. In particular, I consider Nova Scotian new speakers’ sense of identity as ‘Gaels’, an ethnonym largely avoided or problematised by Scottish new speakers. (Ethnolinguistic identity, heritage, language revitalisation, new speakers)*
Hagen Bræ: A Surging Glacier in North Greenland—35 Years of Observations
Authors: Solgaard A. M. , Simonsen S. B. , Grinsted A. , Mottram R. , Karlsson N. B. , Hansen K. , Kusk A. , Sørensen L. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe use remotely sensed ice velocities in combination with observations of surface elevation and glacier area change to investigate the dynamics of Hagen Bræ, North Greenland in high detail over the last 35 years. From our data, we can establish for the first time that Hagen Bræ is a surge‐type glacier with characteristics of both Alaskan‐ and Svalbard‐type surging glaciers. We argue that the observed surge was preconditioned by the glacier geometry and triggered by englacially stored meltwater. At present, the glacier is in a transitional state between active and quiescence phases and is not building up to its pre‐surge geometry. We suggest that the glacier is adjusting to the loss of its floating section, general thinning, and changes in fjord conditions that occurred over the study period which are unrelated to the surge behavior. The high temporal resolution of the ice velocity data gives insight to the sub‐annual glacier flow.
Bias‐Free Estimation of Ice Nucleation Efficiencies
Authors: Barahona Donifan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIce nucleation efficiencies, expressed in terms of either the active site density or the ice nucleation rate coefficient, are widely used to estimate ice formation rates in atmospheric models. Most estimates are, however, subject to bias since composition and surface area variation between particles is commonly neglected. This may amount to several orders of magnitude error in active site densities and introduce substantial error in cloud freezing temperatures impacting the accuracy of atmospheric models. Here it is shown that by performing droplet freezing experiments, varying mean particle surface area along with the temperature removes such a bias. The proposed method offers, for the first time, a solution to the long‐standing problem of differentiating the “freezing rate” from the ice nucleation rate, or the apparent and the actual active site density of a material, and will likely improve the estimation of ice crystal formation rates in clouds.
Warm Temperature Extremes Across Greenland Connected to Clouds
Authors: Gallagher Michael R. , Chepfer Hélène , Shupe Matthew D. , Guzman Rodrigo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGreenland ice sheet melt is a large contributor to rising global sea level and melt is dependent on surface air temperature. Arctic temperatures are strongly coupled to clouds but spatial connections between clouds and temperature have yet to be established across Greenland. By mapping spaceborne lidar measurements and surface observations, it is shown that radiatively opaque clouds generally coincide with anomalously warm near‐surface temperatures at Greenland sites. These results indicate that both temperatures over 0 °C as well as positive daily temperature anomalies relate to spatially extensive opaque cloud cover. While prior studies indicate that clouds enhance extreme melt events, this research shows that opaque cloud cover and surface warming are closely related across the Greenland ice sheet, particularly in the ablation region. These findings establish broadly the spatial relationships between opaque clouds and temperatures and demonstrate the importance of direct observations across Greenland.
Assessment of the JMA Serial Observation Lines in the Northwestern Pacific in OSSE Studies with the GFDL Ensemble Coupled Data Assimilation System
Authors: Lee Jae‐Ho , Chang You‐Soon , Zhang Shaoqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo major serial observational positions (137°E and 165°E, operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency [JMA] in the Northwestern Pacific) were assessed using observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) ensemble coupled data assimilation system. In the OSSEs, the “True Ocean” is a simulation time series of the fully coupled GFDL climate model (CM2.1), and the “control ocean” is defined as the same CM2.1 simulation result using different initial conditions and ensemble members. The sea surface temperature, subsurface temperature, and salinity data that were drawn from the “truth” were assimilated into the “control.” The degree by which the assimilation recovers the “truth” is an assessment of the representation of the serial observation lines for regional circulations and their variability in the Northwestern Pacific. Results show that the assimilation effect of sea surface temperature is maintained to the deeper ocean by adjusting the interannual variability of the ocean temperature in the Northwestern Pacific. The root mean square error in the western area of each observational system was much lower than that in the eastern area. This is closely related to the anomalous geostrophic clockwise flow pattern strengthened throughout the assimilation process of the JMA data. We confirmed this result using a reverse bias experiment. Therefore, the assimilation effect of 165°E appearing larger western areas is also stronger than 137°E. However, the assimilation performances of the two observation systems were not significantly different in the long‐term simulations of more than 25 years in the Northwestern Pacific.
Isotopic Equilibrium Between Precipitation and Water Vapor in Northern Patagonia and Its Consequences on δ18Ocellulose Estimate
Authors: Penchenat Tiphaine , Vimeux Françoise , Daux Valérie , Cattani Olivier , Viale Maximiliano , Villalba Ricardo , Srur Ana , Outrequin Clément 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModeling work of the isotopic composition of tree ring cellulose (δ18Ocell) relies on the isotopic equilibrium assumption between atmospheric water vapor and tree source water, frequently assimilated to integrated precipitation. Here, we explore the veracity of this assumption based on observations collected during a field campaign in Río Negro province (Argentina) in February–March 2017. We examine how the observed isotopic composition of water vapor deviates from equilibrium with precipitation. This deviation, named isotopic disequilibrium (Δ18Ovap_eq), is low (between −2.0‰ and 4.1‰) and a significant relationship is observed between the isotopic composition of water vapor and its expected value at equilibrium. Negative Δ18Ovap_eq can be explained by evaporation of small raindrops (from 1% to 5% of initial droplet mass). Positive Δ18Ovap_eq can result from vegetation transpiration with transpired water accounting for 14% to 29% to ambient water vapor. The low Δ18Ovap_eq at the study site may be due to the high level of relative humidity (from 70% to 96%) favoring isotopic diffusive exchanges between the two water phases and thus promoting the isotopic equilibrium. We examine the impact of the isotopic equilibrium assumption on the calculation of δ18Ocell. A perfect agreement is shown between observed and calculated δ18Ocell provided that the isotopic composition of source water is significantly higher than the expected averaged isotopic composition of precipitation over the tree growing period.