bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How management of grief associated with ending the life of an animal is taught to Australasian veterinary students
Authors: Littlewood KE , Beausoleil NJ , Stafford KJ , Stephens C , Collins T , Fawcett A , Hazel S , Lloyd JKF , Mallia C , Richards L , Wedler NK , Zito S 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveVeterinarians have an important role in supporting and understanding their clients' grief. Veterinary schools have a duty to teach students how best to manage grief – both that of the students/future veterinarians and the clients. This study explores how grief management, associated with ending the life of an animal, was taught to students in eight Australasian veterinary schools.MethodsA questionnaire‐style interview guide was used by a representative at each university to conduct structured interviews with educators in a snowball sampling approach. Educators were interviewed about the teaching of grief management for four categories of animals: livestock, equine, companion and avian/wildlife. The terms used by participants to describe what they taught were grouped into common themes. Teaching was defined by individual participants and included structured and unstructured approaches. The stage in the degree (preclinical or clinical years) that grief management was taught in the veterinary curriculum and by whom (e.g. clinicians or psychologists) is also described.ResultsGrief management was taught more in preclinical than clinical years. However, due to how grief was characterised, much of this teaching was general ‘nonspecific' teaching that included all categories of animals. Client grief was taught more generically, whereas, grief of veterinarians was taught using specific examples given by clinicians.ConclusionA more robust end‐of‐life (EoL) management curriculum that includes all aspects of grief management is likely to increase job satisfaction, client happiness and professional satisfaction.
Towards Development‐Oriented Foreign Policy in Latin America: The Cases of Ecuador and Chile
Authors: Minke Contreras Johannes 
Published: May 2020

Latin American nations have, in varying degrees, struggled to form a foreign policy which successfully incorporates developmental issues. Through an institutional analysis, this article identifies the institutional frameworks within which a development‐oriented foreign policy (DOFP) is more prone to emerge. It is argued that DOFP has not been able to be consolidated, as foreign policy has primarily remained a tool for regime survival. This is largely because of the institutional exclusiveness and presidentialism embedded in Latin American diplomacy – making foreign policy notoriously vulnerable to regime appropriation. By conducting a comparison between Ecuadorean and Chilean foreign policy, the article sheds light on the institutional components which have allowed the latter to successfully incorporate a development agenda and the former to stumble in its efforts.
B cells in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system
Authors: Noto Daisuke , Miyake Sachiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractB cells are key players in humoral immune responses and have important roles in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence has shown that antibody‐independent B‐cell functions, antigen presentation to T cells and the production of cytokines, are involved in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases. However, the precise pathomechanisms of impaired B‐cell tolerance and the production of autoantibodies against CNS autoantigens are still unknown. In this review, we summarize the effector functions of B cells in the pathogenesis of the CNS autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Abstracts presented at the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO) Congresses: Publication fate and discrepancies with full‐length articles
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Yan Qi , Riley Philip , Hua Fang , Shi Bin , Glenny Anne‐Marie , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the full publication proportion (FPP) of abstracts presented at the 2010 and 2011 EAO Congresses, analyse the discrepancies between abstracts and their full publications, and explore potential predictors of FPP and discrepancies.MethodsAbstracts presented at the 2010 and 2011 EAO Congresses were retrieved. Associated full publications were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar. Discrepancies between abstracts and full publications were identified, classified and evaluated using a discrepancy score. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to describe cumulative FPP over time. Predictors for FPP and the discrepancy score were analysed using cox regression modelling and a linear regression model, respectively.Results850 abstracts were included. The overall FPP was 36.4% with a median time lapse of 12 months. Higher FPP were significantly associated with oral presentation (HR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.68–3.22; p < .001), multiple affiliations (HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.00–1.73; p = .048) and presence of statistical tests (HR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.36–2.32; p < .001). 91.3% pairs had at least one minor change from the abstract, and 70.9% had at least one major change. Greater discrepancy score was significantly associated with longer time lapse (B = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04–0.08; p < .001) and being clinical research (B = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.52–2.08; p = .001).ConclusionsThirty‐six per cent of abstracts presented at the EAO Congresses were published. Among these, more than two‐thirds showed at least one major change in their full publications. Abstracts presented in oral implantology conferences should not be relied upon to inform practice.
Juxtacrine signalling via Notch and ErbB receptors in the switch to fate commitment of bone marrow‐derived Schwann cells
Authors: Shea Graham Ka‐Hon , Tai Evelyn Wing‐Yin , Leung Katherine Ho‐Yan , Mung Alan Kwan‐Long , Li Maximilian Tak‐Sui , Tsui Alex Yat‐Ping , Tam Anthony Kin‐Wai , Shum Daisy Kwok‐Yan , Chan Ying‐Shing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe phenotypic instability of adult tissue‐derived Schwann cell‐like cells (SCLCs) as revealed upon withdrawal of glia‐inducing culture supplements limits their clinical utility for cell therapy and disease modelling. We previously overcame this limitation by co‐culturing bone marrow‐derived SCLCs with neurons purified from developing rat and subsequently human sensory neurons such that direct contact between cell types accomplished the cell‐intrinsic switch to the Schwann cell fate. Here, our search for juxtacrine instructive signals found both Notch ligands and neuregulin‐1 type III localized on the surface of DRG neurons via live cell immunocytochemistry. Bypassing ligand‐induced release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) by transient transfection of SCLCs with the pAdlox/V5‐His‐NICD construct was shown to upregulate ErbB2/3. Interaction of ErbB2/3 with neuregulin‐1 type III (NRG1 type III) as presented on neurons then mediated the switch to the Schwann cell fate as demonstrated by expression of S100β/p75/ Sox10/Krox20. In contrast, treatment of cocultures with γ‐secretase inhibitor perturbed Notch signalling in SCLCs and consequently deterred both upregulation of ErbB2/3 and the transition to the Schwann cell fate. Taken together, juxtacrine signalling via Notch is key to the upregulation of ErbB receptors for neuregulin‐driven commitment of SCLCs to the Schwann cell fate.
Contrasted patterns of local adaptation to climate change across the range of an evergreen oak, Quercus aquifolioides
Authors: Du Fang K. , Wang Tianrui , Wang Yuyao , Ueno Saneyoshi , de Lafontaine Guillaume 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong‐lived tree species are genetically differentiated and locally adapted with respect to fitness‐related traits, but the genetic basis of local adaptation remains largely unresolved. Recent advances in population genetics and landscape genomic analyses enable identification of putative adaptive loci and specific selective pressures acting on local adaptation. Here, we sampled 60 evergreen oak (Quercus aquifolioides) populations throughout the species' range and pool‐sequenced 587 individuals at drought‐stress candidate genes. We analyzed patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation for 381 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 65 candidate genes and eight microsatellites. Outlier loci were identified by genetic differentiation analysis and genome–environment associations. The response pattern of genetic variation to environmental gradient was assessed by linear isolation‐by‐distance/environment tests, redundancy analysis, and nonlinear methods. SNPs and microsatellites revealed two genetic lineages: Tibet and Hengduan Mountains–Western Sichuan Plateau (HDM‐WSP), with reduced genetic diversity in Tibet lineage. More outlier loci were detected in HDM‐WSP lineage than Tibet lineage. Among these, three SNPs in two genes responded to dry season precipitation in the HDM‐WSP lineage but not in Tibet. By contrast, genetic variation in the Tibet lineage was related to geographic distance instead of the environment. Furthermore, risk of nonadaptedness (RONA) analyses suggested HDM‐WSP lineage will have a better capacity to adapt in the predicted future climate compared with the Tibet lineage. We detected genetic imprints consistent with natural selection and molecular adaptation to drought on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) over a range of long‐lived and widely distributed oak species in a changing environment. Our results suggest that different within‐species adaptation processes occur in species occurring in heterogeneous environments.
Micro‐ and nano‐scale mineralogical characterization of Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacterial stalks
Authors: Vigliaturo Ruggero , Marengo Alessandra , Bittarello Erica , Pérez‐Rodríguez Ileana , Dražić Goran , Gieré Reto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeutrophilic, microaerobic Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) from marine and freshwater environments are known to generate twisted ribbon‐like organo‐mineral stalks. These structures, which are extracellularly precipitated, are susceptible to chemical influences in the environment once synthesized. In this paper, we characterize the minerals associated with freshwater FeOB stalks in order to evaluate key organo‐mineral mechanisms involved in biomineral formation. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that FeOB isolated from drinking water wells in Sweden produced stalks with ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite and goethite as main mineral components. Based on our observations made by micro‐Raman Spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscope combined with electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, we propose a model that describes the crystal‐growth mechanism, the Fe‐oxidation state, and the mineralogical state of the stalks, as well as the biogenic contribution to these features. Our study suggests that the main crystal‐growth mechanism in stalks includes nanoparticle aggregation and dissolution/re‐precipitation reactions, which are dominant near the organic exopolymeric material produced by the microorganism and in the peripheral region of the stalk, respectively.
Precipitation‐drainage cycles lead to hot moments in soil carbon dioxide dynamics in a Neotropical wet forest
Authors: Fernandez‐Bou Angel Santiago , Dierick Diego , Allen Michael F. , Harmon Thomas C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil CO2concentrations and emissions from tropical forests are modulated seasonally by precipitation. However, subseasonal responses to meteorological events (e.g., storms, drought) are less well known. Here, we present the effects of meteorological variability on short‐term (hours to months) dynamics of soil CO2concentrations and emissions in a Neotropical wet forest. We continuously monitored soil temperature, moisture, and CO2for a three‐year period (2015–2017), encompassing normal conditions, floods, a dry El Niño period, and a hurricane. We used a coupled model (Hydrus‐1D) for soil water propagation, heat transfer, and diffusive gas transport to explain observed soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil CO2concentration responses to meteorology, and we estimated soil CO2efflux with a gradient‐flux model. Then, we predicted changes in soil CO2concentrations and emissions under different warming climate change scenarios. Observed short‐term (hourly to daily) soil CO2concentration responded more to precipitation than to other meteorological variables (including lower pressure during the hurricane). Observed soil CO2failed to exhibit diel patterns (associated with diel temperature fluctuations in drier climates), except during the drier El Niño period. Climate change scenarios showed enhanced soil CO2due to warmer conditions, while precipitation played a critical role in moderating the balance between concentrations and emissions. The scenario with increased precipitation (based on a regional model projection) led to increases of +11% in soil CO2concentrations and +4% in soil CO2emissions. The scenario with decreased precipitation (based on global circulation model projections) resulted in increases of +4% in soil CO2concentrations and +18% in soil CO2emissions, and presented more prominent hot moments in soil CO2outgassing. These findings suggest that soil CO2will increase under warmer climate in tropical wet forests, and precipitation patterns will define the intensity of CO2outgassing hot moments.
The Stereotypical Image of a Person With Migraine According to Mass Media
Authors: Gvantseladze Khatia , Do Thien Phu , Hansen Jakob Møller , Shapiro Robert E. , Ashina Messoud 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPeople with migraine have historically been depicted as “frail and perfectionist women.” While these presentations are from a different cultural context, we may today still be at risk of stereotyping and stigmatizing this patient group. Portrayals of people with migraine on the Internet and in mass media offer a window of how society today views this patient group. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with migraine are being portrayed according to 2 popular sources of photographic images.MethodsUsing the search term “migraine,” we retrieved the 200 highest‐indexed images of people with migraine from each of 2 popular image‐searching websites, Shutterstock and Google Images. For each included image, we analyzed different attributes including (1) gender; (2) age; (3) race; (4) body type; (5) posture; (6) extent of eye closure; (7) clothing attire; (8) environment/setting; (9) lighting; (10) position of left hand; and (11) position of right hand.ResultsWe included 283 images. The 283 images depicted 305 persons with migraine. The images representing persons with migraine were predominately female (82%), of adult age (90%), white (64%), and with an ectomorph body type (86%). The eyes were closed in most of the portrayals (82%). The hands were on both temporal regions at the same time in half of the portrayals (49%).ConclusionThe demographics in terms of gender, race, and age reflect large population studies of migraine; however, we are concerned about the stereotypical depiction of “acute pain behavior” (ie, eye closed, hands on temples) on these images as this is inconsistent with the actual presentations of people with migraine in our clinical experience. This disparity may both derive from, and further contribute to, social stigmatization and lack of public and employer validation of migraine‐related disability. We suggest that future efforts in migraine advocacy may focus on ensuring the portrayal in mass media of an accurate representation of people with migraine.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of omega unsaturated fatty acids and dialysable leucocyte extracts on collagen‐induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice
Authors: Pérez‐Martínez Pamela I. , Rojas‐Espinosa Oscar , Hernández‐Chávez Víctor G. , Arce‐Paredes Patricia , Estrada‐Parra Sergio 
Published: May 2020

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis is a disabling autoimmune disease with a high global prevalence. Treatment with disease‐modifying anti‐arthritic drugs (DIMARDs) has been routinely used with beneficial effects but with adverse long‐term consequences; novel targeted biologics and small‐molecule inhibitors are promising options. In this study, we investigated whether purified omega unsaturated fatty acids (ω‐UFAs) and dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLEs) prevented the development of arthritis in a model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. We also investigated whether the transcription factor NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome were involved in the process and whether their activity was modulated by treatment. The development of arthritis was evaluated for 84 days following treatment with nothing, dexamethasone, DLEs, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and oleic acid. Progression of CIA was monitored by evaluating clinical manifestations, inflammatory changes, and histological alterations in the pads’ articular tissues. Both DLEs and ω‐UFAs led to an almost complete inhibition of the inflammatory histopathology of CIA and this was concomitant with the inhibition of NF‐kB and the inhibition of the activation of NLRP3. These data suggest that ω‐UFAs and DLEs might have NF‐κB as a common target and that they might be used as ancillary medicines in the treatment of arthritis.
Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Tan Mingkai , Liu Yanxia , Zhou Ruiping , Deng Xilong , Li Fang , Liang Kaiyan , Shi Yaling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory disorder caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The immunopathological characteristics of patients with COVID‐19, either systemic or local, have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, we analysed both the changes in the number of various immune cell types as well as cytokines important for immune reactions and inflammation. Our data indicate that patients with severe COVID‐19 exhibited an overall decline of lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. The number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells was moderately increased in patients with mild COVID‐19. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10 and C‐reactive protein were remarkably up‐regulated in patients with severe COVID‐19. In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, and the elevation of IL‐6, IL‐10 and C‐reactive protein are reliable indicators of severe COVID‐19.
Psychological distance reduces the effect of internalized stigma on mental health treatment decisions
Authors: Hughes Colleen , Fujita Kentaro , Krendl Anne C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough stigma is a major barrier to treatment for those with mental health concerns, it is poorly understood when stigma is more or less influential in mental health treatment decisions. In the current work, we examined whether psychological distance—the removal of an event from direct experience—reduced the influence of internalized stigma on willingness to seek treatment. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that psychological distance versus proximity (e.g., seeking treatment in three months vs. in two days, respectively) decreases the negative influence of stigma on willingness to seek treatment. We focused on a population for whom mental health treatment decisions are personally‐relevant: individuals who had previously sought mental health treatment. Experiment 1 showed that the extent to which these individuals internalized (i.e., personally endorsed) stigma about mental illness predicted lower intentions to make an appointment with a mental health care provider for themselves (but not another person). Experiment 2 replicated this result using a different measure of psychological distance (temporal distance) and extended this finding to behavior (time spent reading mental health resources). Overall, this research demonstrated that internalized stigma disrupts mental health treatment‐seeking intentions and behaviors when they are psychologically proximal, but not when they are distant. Potential applications of these results are discussed.
Establishment and characterization of a novel ‘double‐hit’ follicular lymphoma cell line, FL‐SJC
Authors: Chen Min , Jiang Guoxiong , Liu Yichen , Li Dongya , Li Tiantian , Peng Jie , Jiang Qian , You Haiyan , Ba Rong , Pan Jinlan , Li Mei , Long Weiguo , Yan Jinsong , Zhu Yan , Wang Yun , Xi Xiaodong , Mao Jianhua , Shi Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbout 5 per cent of follicular lymphoma (FL) cases are double‐hit (DH) lymphomas. Double‐hit follicular lymphoma (DHFL) cell lines can improve our understanding and drug development on FL. But there are only few DHFL cell lines. Here, we established a new MYC/BCL2 DHFL cell line, FL‐SJC. The cells were obtained from the hydrothorax of a patient with MYC/BCL2 DHFL and cultured for 140 passages in vitro. FL‐SJC cells demonstrated CD19++, CD20+, CD22++, HLA‐DR+, CD10+, CD38+, Lambda+ CD23‐, CD5‐ and Kappa‐. The chromosome karyotypic analysis confirmed the co‐existence of t(8;22)(q24;q11) and t(14;18)(q32;q21), as well as additional abnormalities involving chromosomes 2 and 3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) showed IGH/BCL2 fusion gene and the MYC rearrangement. In addition, the FL‐SJC cells displayed KMT2D/MLL2 and CREBBP gene mutations. After subcutaneous inoculation of FL‐SJC cells, the SCID mice developed solid tumour masses within 6‐8 weeks. FL‐SJC cells were proven to be free of Epstein‐Barr (EB) virus infection and be multidrug‐resistant. In a conclusion, the FL‐SJC cell line has been identified as a novel MYC/BCL2 double‐hit follicular lymphoma that can be used as a potentially available tool for the clinical and basic research, together with the drug development for MYC/BCL2 DHFL.
Evolution of treefrogs' calls in tropical islands might be under directional selection
Authors: Rebouças Raoni , Augusto‐Alves Guilherme , Toledo Luís Felipe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnimals that present migration restrictions are especially interesting to study isolation effects in the context of island biogeography theory. Among these effects, behavioral traits are one of the least studied subjects. The treefrog Boana albomarginata presents gigantism in some Atlantic islands and, therefore, examining its advertisement calls may be an opportunity to test the Island Rule with a behavioral trait. Hence, we compared calls, body and tympanum sizes of populations of this species in Brazilian islands and mainland sites. We tested if call frequencies of island individuals differed from mainland ones, also considering the influence of body size and its relationship with tympanum diameter. One of the island population had larger body size and lower call frequencies than any other populations. We suggest that to be a result of directional selection. We also observed lack of correlation between body size and advertisement call frequencies in some populations, implying that males and females cannot use calls as a proxy of the calling male's size, which may indicate a rare case of relaxed selection. Therefore, this is the first evidence of relaxed selection in animal communication, as a consequence of recent insularity.