bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Intravenous Acetaminophen Reduce Opioid Requirement in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients With Acute Sickle Cell Crises?
Authors: Dhebaria Tina , Sivitz Adam , Tejani Cena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the ability of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen to reduce the amount of opioid medication administered in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) having vasoocclusive crisis (VOC) in an emergency department (ED) setting.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial at an academic urban pediatric ED. Participants included patients with SCD, aged 4 to 16 years, with VOC pain. All patients received a 0.1 mg/kg dose of IV morphine, 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac, or both. Patients were randomized to receive either 15 mg/kg IV acetaminophen or placebo. Patients were reassessed every 30 minutes to see whether additional opioid doses were indicated to a maximum of three doses. The total morphine given, pain scores, rates of admissions, 72‐hour return visits, and adverse events were assessed for each group.ResultsOf 71 subjects randomized, 35 patients in the acetaminophen group and 36 patients in the control group were analyzed. Baseline characteristics and initial pain scores were similar in both groups. The mean total amount of morphine given was 8.6 mg (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.5 to 10.8) in the acetaminophen group and 8.0 mg (95% CI = 5.9 to 10.2) in the placebo group. The mean total cumulative morphine dosing was 0.2 mg/kg (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg) in the acetaminophen group and 0.2 mg/kg (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg) in the control group. The mean pain score at time of disposition was 5.5 (95% CI = 4.3 to 6.6) in the acetaminophen group and 5.2 (95% CI = 4.2 to 6.3) in the placebo group. There were no clinical or statistically significant differences between the rates of admission, 72‐hour return visits, or adverse events.ConclusionIn this study, patients who received IV acetaminophen did not receive less morphine than patients in the placebo group. Disposition pain scores for the two groups were also equivalent. We conclude that IV acetaminophen, when used in addition to morphine for pediatric sickle cell VOC pain, does not provide an opioid‐sparing effect. Further searches for adjunctive nonaddictive pain medicines are indicated.
Season and weather affect the mortality of immature stages ofAscia monusteorseis(Lepidoptera: Pieridae) caused by natural factors
Authors: Santos Abraão A , Ribeiro Arthur V , Groom Scott V C , Farias Elizeu S , Carmo Daiane G , Santos Renata C , Picanço Marcelo C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the causes of mortality in immature stages ofAscia monusteorseisGodart 1918 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) over each of four seasons, for 2 years, on an experimental cabbage plot using life tables. We addressed two key questions: (1) Do the mortality rates caused by a factor vary by season? And (2) how does the local weather contribute to such variation? We identified five causes of mortality (failure, pathogens, parasitism, predation and rainfall) that together tended to be higher during wet–warm conditions with values up to 94%. However, each cause and its mortality rate varied among seasons. Failure was observed in all stages and tended to increase during cold conditions with a negative relationship with air temperature and relative humidity and positive for precipitation. Larval and pupal predation increased during warm conditions and was positively associated with both air temperature and relative humidity. Conversely, in seasons with intense precipitation, pupal predation was reduced and had a negative relationship. Rainfall caused mortality of eggs and larvae, mostly during intense events, and egg mortality also showed a positive and significant association with precipitation. Larval parasitism was low, and pathogens were noted in larvae and pupae, but we did not find variation by season for these factors. Our results indicate that mortality caused by failure, predation and rainfall on immature stages ofA. monusteorseiscan vary among seasons and appear to be related to local weather. These findings improve our comprehension of how local weather affects the immature stages of a neotropical pest and the associated mortality factors.
Habitat use of the endangered golden‐rumped sengi Rhynchocyon chrysopygus
Authors: Amin Rajan , Wacher Tim , Ogwoka Bernard , Khayale Cedric , Kariuki Linus , Agwanda Bernard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe endangered golden‐rumped sengi are found only in Arabuko‐Sokoke Forest with 395.4 km2 of forest habitat, and perhaps in a few isolated forest and thicket fragments of total area less than 30 km2 all within central coastal Kenya. Understanding its habitat use is an important requirement to develop better conservation measures for the species and its remaining forest habitat. A more reliable method for monitoring its status is also needed. We used the Bayesian occupancy modelling with camera trap data and habitat mapping to characterise the species habitat use in the Arabuko‐Sokoke Forest. The species uses 328 km2 (95% CI: 289–364 km2) of Arabuko‐Sokoke Forest habitat, and its site use increases with distance from forest edge, with the highest site use in the Cynometra thicket (0.93; 95% CI: 0.82–1). Its use of the mixed forest habitat has been significantly reduced following years of logging of Afzelia quanzensis. We recommend the use of modelled occupancy, interpreted as the proportion of area used by the species, to monitor the species status. Occupancy models account for detection probability, and heterogeneity in site use and detection can be incorporated. Estimated territory sizes can be combined to obtain abundance estimates.
Primary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, coeliac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Saettini Francesco , Cattoni Alessandro , Redaelli Martina , Silvestri Daniela , Ferrari Giulia Maria , Biondi Andrea , Jankovic Momcilo , Spinelli Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cumulative prevalence of coeliac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hyperthyroidism and primary immunodeficiencies in children with either newly diagnosed/persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).MethodsMonocentric retrospective analysis of the clinical and biochemical features of 330 consecutive patients with ITP referred to our Pediatric Hematology Unit between January 2009 and December 2018.ResultsThe prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (0.3%), coeliac disease (0.3%) and autoimmune hyperthyroidism (0.6%) was not increased compared to general paediatric population. Of note, the prevalence of underlying primary immunodeficiencies was 2.4%, remarkably higher than the general paediatric population (P = .005). All the patients diagnosed with immunodeficiency developed either bi‐/trilinear cytopenia or splenomegaly.ConclusionWhilst autoimmune and immunological screening is already recommended at the onset of immune thrombocytopenia, we recommend that primary immunodeficiencies be regularly screened during follow‐up, especially in case of additional cytopenia or lymphoproliferation.
Digital pathology: accurate technique for quantitative assessment of histological features in metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Marti‐Aguado David , Rodríguez‐Ortega Alejandro , Mestre‐Alagarda Claudia , Bauza Mónica , Valero‐Pérez Elena , Alfaro‐Cervello Clara , Benlloch Salvador , Pérez‐Rojas Judith , Ferrández Antonio , Alemany‐Monraval Pilar , Escudero‐García Desamparados , Monton Cristina , Aguilera Victoria , Alberich‐Bayarri Ángel , Serra Miguel Ángel , Marti‐Bonmati Luis 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundHistological evaluation of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) biopsies is subjective, descriptive and with interobserver variability.AimsTo examine the relationship between different histological features (fibrosis, steatosis, inflammation and iron) measured with automated whole‐slide quantitative digital pathology and corresponding semiquantitative scoring systems, and the distribution of digital pathology measurements across Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progression (FLIP) algorithm and Steatosis, Activity and Fibrosis (SAF) scoring systemMethodsWe prospectively included 136 consecutive patients who underwent liver biopsy for MAFLD at three Spanish centres (January 2017‐January 2020). Biopsies were scored by two blinded pathologists according to the Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network system for fibrosis staging, the FLIP/SAF classification for steatosis and inflammation grading and Deugnier score for iron grading. Proportionate areas of collagen, fat, inflammatory cells and iron deposits were measured with computer‐assisted digital image analysis. A test‐retest experiment was performed for precision repeatability evaluation.ResultsDigital pathology showed strong correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.79; P < 0.001), steatosis (r = 0.85; P < 0.001) and iron (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). Performance was lower when assessing the degree of inflammation (r = 0.35; P < 0.001). NASH cases had a higher proportion of collagen and fat compared to non‐NASH cases (P < 0.005), whereas inflammation and iron quantification did not show significant differences between categories. Repeatability evaluation showed that all the coefficients of variation were ≤1.1% and all intraclass correlation coefficient values were ≥0.99, except those of collagen.ConclusionDigital pathology allows an automated, precise, objective and quantitative assessment of MAFLD histological features. Digital analysis measurements show good concordance with pathologists´ scores.
Association between residual feed intake, digestion, ingestive behavior, enteric methane emission and nitrogen metabolism in Nellore beef cattle
Authors: Delveaux Araujo Batalha Camila , Morelli Marcela , Branco Renata Helena , dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo Joslaine Noely , Carrilho Canesin Roberta , Zerlotti Mercadante Maria Eugênia , Figueiredo Martins Bonilha Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility, enteric methane emission and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Nellore cattle ranked by residual feed intake (RFI). Twenty‐four Nellore bulls at 466 ± 24 days of age and with 352 ± 14.6 kg of body weight, classified as low and high RFI, were evaluated. Animals were kept in individual pens for three periods of 28 days and variables were measured. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time, considering as fixed effects RFI class, period and RFI class x period interaction, and linear (co)variate of age. No significant differences in dry matter or nutrient intake were detected between RFI classes, but total digestible nutrients intake tended to be lower in low RFI animals, and apparent nutrient digestibility was higher in high RFI animals. Partial efficiency of growth tended to be lower in high RFI animals. RFI class did not interfere with enteric methane production or microbial protein synthesis, but fecal nitrogen output was higher in low RFI animals. The greater efficiency of low RFI animals is consequence of lower maintenance requirements, since energy from higher nutrients digestibility in high RFI animals was spent on metabolic processes other than body tissue deposition.
Does a lack of social support and perceived stigma influence the relationship between motor neurone disease‐related stress and psychological distress?
Authors: Leigh Natalie , Simpson Jane , Eccles Fiona J.R. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the mechanisms through which social support and felt stigma influence the relationship between motor neurone disease (MND)‐related stress and psychological distress for people with MND. Although a lack of social support has been identified as a significant predictor of psychological distress for individuals with MND, the mechanisms through which this relationship exists have not been assessed, nor have the predictive nature of stigma. Furthermore, the theoretical model specifying the effects of enacted stigma on self‐stigma has not been tested in individuals with MND.DesignA cross‐sectional design utilizing an online survey method was used. It was hypothesized that social support would moderate the relationship between MND‐related stress (operationalized as enacted stigma or physical functioning) and psychological distress (operationalized as depression, anxiety, and stress). Furthermore, felt stigma would significantly mediate the relationship between MND‐related stress (enacted stigma) and psychological distress.MethodsIndividuals with a diagnosis of MND were recruited internationally through social media and through various organizations and support services. Seventy‐seven participants completed the online survey.ResultsSignificant correlations were identified between social support, felt, and enacted stigma and psychological distress. Moderation analysis was not significant. However, the mediation analyses identified felt stigma as a significant mediator of the relationship between enacted stigma and psychological distress. A direct relationship between enacted stigma and stress (but not depression and anxiety) was also evident.ConclusionsA comprehensive approach to tackling stigma is important in ameliorating psychological distress for people with MND. Limitations of the current study are discussed, along with implications for clinical practice.
Sedimentology and provenance of newly identified Upper Cretaceous trench basin strata, Dênggar, southern Tibet: Implications for development of the Eurasian margin prior to India–Asia collision
Authors: Orme Devon A. , Laskowski Andrew K. , Zilinsky Misia F. , Chao Wang , Guo Xudong , Cai Fulong , Lin Ding 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrench basins preserved along the southern margin of the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet, are sedimentologic records of convergent margin processes preceding Cenozoic India–Asia collision. We present new sedimentologic, petrographic and geochronologic data from the Rongmawa Formation and surrounding strata near Dênggar, Tibet, to determine depositional environment, provenance and age. Depositional ages range from ca. 92 to 87 Ma and lithofacies are consistent with deposition by low‐ and high‐density turbidity currents and suspension settling of pelagic detritus in a deep‐marine, trench basin setting. Sandstone modal analyses and U–Pb geochronology indicate that trench basin detritus in this region was derived from the Lhasa Terrane. We interpret that the Cretaceous subduction trench received detritus from an axial sediment dispersal system that transported sediment from headwaters in the central‐southern Lhasa terrane near Lhasa City directly to the trench and then flowed westwards parallel to the trench. The preservation of trench basin strata deposited during Late Cretaceous time compared with the lack of trench deposits prior to ca. 92 Ma and after ca. 80 Ma suggests the margin experienced a period of significant accretion during this interval. In addition, deposition of trench basin strata occurred during Late Cretaceous adakitic magmatism and high‐temperature metamorphism, which are hypothesized to be explained by subduction of an oceanic ridge or subduction zone retreat and related upper plate extension along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane. Subduction of an oceanic ridge may provide a mechanism to potentially erode forearc basin strata and promote increased sediment delivery directly to the trench.
Isolated trees support lower bird taxonomic richness than trees within habitat patches but similar functional diversity
Authors: de‐Carvalho Mariana , Prevedello Jayme Augusto , Pardini Renata , Lindenmayer David , Almeida‐Gomes Mauricio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge isolated trees are keystone structures that can help maintain biodiversity in fragmented landscapes, with evidence that open areas with isolated trees may support similar levels of taxonomic diversity to nearby patches of habitat. However, it is not clear if isolated trees can support the same diversity of ecological functions as trees in habitat patches. We compared species richness, community composition, and functional diversity of birds in trees at forest edges and isolated trees. Twenty isolated trees and ten edge trees of American muskwood (Guarea guidonia) were selected, and sampled on 11 occasions, each of 20 min, over four months. All individual birds that landed at trees were recorded using a standardized protocol. Species richness was, on average, almost twice as high at edge trees than at isolated trees. Taxonomic composition differed between edge and isolated trees, with many forest‐dependent birds restricted to edge trees, and some open‐area birds restricted to isolated trees. Overall functional diversity was similar at edge and isolated trees, but some ecological functions (e.g., frugivory) were less frequent, while others (e.g., granivory) were more frequent at isolated compared with edge trees. Isolated trees are important for supporting many ecological functions in modified areas. However, the maintenance of forest patches is essential to complement the provision of such functions in modified landscapes.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
The community structure of bird assemblages on urban strangler figs
Authors: Chong Kwek Yan , Ng Wen Qing , Yee Alex T. K. , Yong Ding Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFigs have been regarded as keystone plant resources that support diverse tropical vertebrate frugivore communities. Planting or conserving large fig trees, such as stranglers, have therefore been proposed for enhancing urban biodiversity. We compared the diversity and community structure of bird assemblages on strangler figs with non‐fig urban trees as well as between the fruiting and non‐fruiting fig trees in an urban setting in Singapore. The total bird abundance across all the fig trees when in fruit was 4.5‐fold higher than on non‐fig trees and 3.5‐fold higher than when the same fig trees were not fruiting, but only attracted two more species. On individual trees, after accounting for the presence of mistletoes, tree height, the area covered by buildings, road lane density, and the distance to natural vegetation, mean diversity was not different between non‐fig trees and fig trees when they were not in fruit. On the other hand, when fruiting, each fig tree on average had 1.4 more species, 3 more counts of non‐native birds, and 1.6 more counts of insectivorous birds than when not fruiting. There was significant compositional turnover between non‐fig trees and non‐fruiting fig trees, while community dispersion was significantly lower among fig trees in fruit. Our results demonstrate that fig trees provide fruit and non‐fruit resources for birds in an urban landscape but do not necessarily support more diverse total bird assemblages than non‐fig trees. Instead, bird communities on fruiting urban figs would be highly homogeneous and dominated by a few species.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Association between primary heath care and dental service use among supportive housing tenants with behavioral health conditions
Authors: Hall Gerod , Dai Wei Fang , Lim Sungwoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveHomeless persons are at high risk for poor oral health. Supportive housing can improve housing stability for persons with behavioural health conditions, but its impact on dental service use has been little studied.MethodsData for this evaluation come from matched public service records for eligible applicants to a New York City supportive housing program (NY III) targeting chronic homelessness. NY III tenants (N = 5678) were compared with applicants not placed in housing (N = 6536) and applicants placed in other supportive housing programmes (N = 4823). Regression analysis was used to assess the association between supportive housing, primary care use, clinical severity and the likelihood of dental visits.ResultsOver four observation years, 71% of applicants had at least one dental visit for any cause and 57% for preventive dental care. Incidence of dental visits was lower for persons with physical disability (IRR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.85, 0.97, P = .003), psychiatric hospital stays (IRR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.88, P < .001) and age over 54. Persons engaged in primary care (IRR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.31, P < .001) and outpatient mental health care (IRR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.21, P < .001) had greater incidence of dental visits.ConclusionsSupportive housing was associated with greater dental service use. The positive association between primary care, mental health care and dental care suggests important points of entry for dental care. Oral health education and service referrals in supportive housing and primary care settings may improve oral health service delivery to persons experiencing social exclusion due to homelessness, mental illness and poor oral health.
Temporally Dense Exploration of Moving and Deforming Shapes
Authors: Frey S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present our approach for the dense visualization and temporal exploration of moving and deforming shapes from scientific experiments and simulations. Our image space representation is created by convolving a noise texture along shape contours (akin to LIC). Beyond indicating spatial structure via luminosity, we additionally use colour to depict time or classes of shapes via automatically customized maps. This representation summarizes temporal evolution, and provides the basis for interactive user navigation in the spatial and temporal domain in combination with traditional renderings. Our efficient implementation supports the quick and progressive generation of our representation in parallel as well as adaptive temporal splits to reduce overlap. We discuss and demonstrate the utility of our approach using 2D and 3D scalar fields from experiments and simulations.