bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust and efficient convolutional deep learning framework for age‐invariant face recognition
Authors: Yousaf Adeel , Khan Muhammad Junaid , Khan Muhammad Jaleed , Siddiqui Adil M. , Khurshid Khurram 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtensive research has been carried out in the past on face recognition, face detection, and age estimation. However, age‐invariant face recognition (AIFR) has not been explored that thoroughly. The facial appearance of a person changes considerably over time that results in introducing significant intraclass variations, which makes AIFR a very challenging task. Most of the face recognition studies that have addressed the ageing problem in the past have employed complex models and handcrafted features with strong parametric assumptions. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning framework that extracts age‐invariant and generalized features from facial images of the subjects. The proposed model trained on facial images from a minor part (20–30%) of lifespan of subjects correctly identifies them throughout their lifespan. A variety of pretrained 2D convolutional neural networks are compared in terms of accuracy, time, and computational complexity to select the most suitable network for AIFR. Extensive experimental results are carried out on the popular and challenging face and gesture recognition network ageing dataset. The proposed method achieves promising results and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art AIFR models by achieving an accuracy of 99%, which proves the effectiveness of deep learning in facial ageing research.
A 3D full‐field study of cracks in a nuclear graphite under mode I and mode II cyclic dwell loading conditions
Authors: Wigger Tim , Lin Bing , Lupton Colin , Marrow James , Tong Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) full‐field deformation around crack tips in a nuclear graphite has been studied under mode I and mode II cyclic dwell loading conditions using digital volume correlation (DVC) and integrated finite element (FE) analysis. A cracked Brazilian disk specimen of Gilsocarbon graphite was tested at selected loading angles to achieve mode I and mode II cyclic dwell loading conditions. Integrated FE analysis was carried out with the 3D displacement fields measured by DVC injected into the FE model, from which the crack driving force J‐integral was obtained using a damaged plasticity material model. The evolution of near‐tip strains and the J‐integral during the cyclic dwell loading was examined. Under cyclic dwell, residual strain accumulation was observed for the first time. The results shed some light on the effect of dwell time on the 3D crack deformation and crack driving force in Gilsocarbon under cyclic mode I and II loading conditions.
Queer geographies of spatial media
Authors: Mearns Graeme W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDigital media scholarship is burgeoning. However, there remains a paucity of queer geographies accounting for hybridity and multi‐directionality of coexisting, variegated and embodied spaces produced through spatial media nor the technologies that enable these media (smartphones, tablet computers, and self‐tracking devices). Bringing together literatures on sexuality and the first and second iterations of the internet, this article extends debate about the uneven and paradoxical queer geographies of location‐aware applications (Tinder and Grindr) and other spatial media now often taken as “composite” of queer cultures globally. The article encourages those with interest in the interrelationships between sexualities and space to emphasise further the historical, cultural, and political specificities of the places in which these diverse media are designed, developed, and consumed. The purpose of doing so, I contend, is to deepen knowledge of heightened commercialisation whilst unravelling complex questions of data ownership, privacy and cultural norms that could exacerbate disparities in sexual citizenship.
Enhancing competitive advantage in Hong Kong higher education: Linking knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and innovation capability
Authors: Lo Man Fung , Tian Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, innovation capability and competitive advantage in Hong Kong Higher Education Industry. A theoretical framework was developed to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and competitive advantage, mediated by absorptive capacity and innovation capability. A questionnaire was used to survey a randomly selected sample of academics from higher education institutions in Hong Kong. A total of 166 usable responses were received and analysed. PLS‐SEM was utilised to test the hypotheses in the theoretical model. The result exhibits that significant positive relationships were identified between knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity, between absorptive capacity and innovation capability and between innovation capability and competitive advantage. Practically, senior management from higher education institutions should develop strategic measures, especially on knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and innovation capability, in order to gain competitive advantage. Policymakers could also develop policies to facilitate knowledge sharing among local and regional higher education institutions. This study contributes to existing literature by identifying the significant mediating role of absorptive capacity in the linkage between knowledge sharing and innovation capability and by strengthening the positive association between innovation capability and competitive advantage.
Reasoning in the valuation of health‐related quality of life: A qualitative content analysis of deliberations in a pilot study
Authors: Gansen Fabia , Klinger Julian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGroup deliberation can be a pathway to understanding reasons behind judgement decisions. This pilot study implemented a deliberative process to elicit public values about health‐related quality of life. In this study, participants deliberated scales and weights for a German adaption of the Short‐Form Six‐Dimension (SF‐6D) Version 2 from a public perspective.ObjectiveThis article examines the reasons participants stated for health state valuations and investigates the feasibility of eliciting public reasons for judgement decisions in a deliberative setting.MethodsThe 1‐day deliberation was guided by MACBETH as a method of multi‐criteria decision analysis and involved qualitative comparisons of SF‐6D health states and dimensions. Participants deliberated in parallel small groups and a subsequent plenary assembly. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to assess the value judgements and reasons behind them.ResultsA total of 34 students participated in the study. Common reasoning was the level of impairment, marginal benefit, possibility of adjustment and expectation satisfaction. While the small groups agreed on scales for the SF‐6D dimensions, the plenary assembly did not reach consensus on one scale and dimension weights. When dimensions were prioritized, these were pain and mental health.ConclusionsWhile no consented value set was derived, this pilot study presents a promising approach for eliciting public reasoning behind judgements on health state values. Furthermore, it demonstrates that participants consider diverse motives when valuing health‐related quality of life.
Resveratrol attenuates cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and activating AMPK‐Mfn1 pathway
Authors: Gao Jinbao , Wang Haijiang , Li Yunjun , Li Wende 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has not been fully described. Accordingly, there is little effective drug available for the treatment of cerebral IRI. The aim of our study was to explore the exact role played by Mfn1‐mediated mitochondrial protection in cerebral IRI and evaluate the beneficial action of resveratrol on reperfused brain. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia‐reoxygenation (HR) injury caused N2a cell apoptosis and this process was highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and an activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were noted in HR‐treated N2a cells. Interestingly, resveratrol treatment could attenuate N2a cell apoptosis via sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Further, we found that resveratrol modulated mitochondrial performance via activating the Mfn1‐related mitochondrial protective system. Knockdown of Mfn1 could abolish the beneficial effects of resveratrol on HR‐treated N2a cells. Besides, we also report that resveratrol regulated Mfn1 expression via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK pathway also neutralized the anti‐apoptotic effect of resveratrol on N2a cells in the setting of cerebral IRI. Taken together our results show that mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the progression of cerebral IRI. In addition we also demonstrate the protective action played by resveratrol on reperfused brain and show that this effect is achieved via activating the AMPK‐Mfn1 pathway.
High‐temperature flexural strength of SiC ceramics prepared by additive manufacturing
Authors: Xu Teng‐Teng , Cheng Su , Jin Lai‐Zhen , Zhang Kun , Zeng Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) ceramics, as a kind of candidate material for aero‐engine, its high‐temperature performance is a critical factor to determine its applicability. This investigation focuses on studying the high‐temperature properties of SiC ceramics fabricated by using additive manufacturing technology. In this paper, SiC ceramics were prepared by combining selective laser sintering (SLS) with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) technique. The microstructure, phase evolution, and failure mechanism after high‐temperature tests were explored. SiC ceramic samples tested at room temperature (RT), 800°C, 1200°C, 1400°C, and 1600°C demonstrated bending strengths of 220.0, 226.1, 234.9, 215.5, and 203.7 MPa, respectively. The RT strength of this material can be maintained at 1400°C, but it decreased at 1600°C. The strength retention at 1400°C and 1600°C were 98% and 92%, respectively. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of SiC ceramics prepared using this method have excellent stability. As the temperature increases, the bending strength of the specimens increased slightly and reached the peak value at 1200°C, and dropped to 203.7 MPa at 1600°C. Such an evolution could be mainly due to the crack healing, and the softening of the glassy phase.
Measurement of the silica glass fatigue limit
Authors: Aaldenberg Jared S. , Lezzi Peter J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe static fatigue limit, or the threshold stress intensity factor, Ko, for first subcritical crack growth has been measured directly in silica glass for T ≥ 600°C using the double cantilever beam (DCB) crack growth technique. Values measured ranged from 0.48 to 0.61 MPa·m1/2 for a temperature range of 600°C‐850°C, respectively. Cracks growing near the static fatigue limit had a time‐dependence, where the crack growth decreased and appeared to stop at K ≈ Ko. Slow crack growth curves (K‐v) have been measured from room temperature, 50% RH, up to 850°C with subcritical crack growth not measurable for T > 900°C. Increasing temperature was found to first increase, and then decrease the slope of Region I, and a peak in fatigue resistance was found around 150°C‐300°C. At T > 600°C subcritical crack growth was observed for K higher than previously measured KIC values. This observation and the static fatigue limit in silica are explained by a water‐assisted stress relaxation mechanism at the crack tip.
Solid‐state synthesis of multicomponent equiatomic rare‐earth oxides
Authors: Pianassola Matheus , Loveday Madeline , McMurray Jake W. , Koschan Merry , Melcher Charles L. , Zhuravleva Mariya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhase formation in multicomponent rare‐earth oxides is determined by a combination of composition, sintering atmosphere, and cooling rate. Polycrystalline ceramics comprising various combinations of Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, and Y oxides in equiatomic proportions were synthesized using solid‐state sintering. The effects of composition, sintering atmosphere, and cooling rate on phase formation were investigated. Single cubic or monoclinic structures were obtained with a slow cooling of 3.3°C/min, confirming that rare‐earth oxides follow a different structure stabilization process than transition metal high‐entropy oxides. In an oxidizing atmosphere, both Ce and Pr induce a cubic structure, while only Ce plays that role in an inert or reducing atmosphere. Samples without Ce or Pr develop a single monoclinic structure. The structures formed at initial synthesis may be converted to a different one, when the ceramics are annealed in an additional atmosphere. Phase evolution of a five‐cation composition was also studied as a function of sintering temperature. The binary oxides used as raw materials completely dissolve into a single cubic structure at 1450°C in air.
Scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis of PMN‐PT relaxor ferroelectric ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Xia Xiang , Li Chunbo , Zeng Jiangtao , Zheng Liaoying , Li Guorong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the feature of domains, ferroelectric materials display hysteresis behavior with respect to the change of the applied electric field. Every ferroelectric material has its own unique hysteresis loop reflecting the information of domain reversal under an electric field. In this work, the scaling behaviors of dynamic hysteresis in relaxor (1‐x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐xPbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) ceramics with different compositions were studied systemically. Our results showed that the evolution of scaling behavior in PMN‐PT ceramics can be divided into three stages, which is independent of the phase structure of the ceramics and the testing electric field frequency. The relationship between hysteresis area <A> and field amplitude E0 obeys the power law <A>∝ in the low and high E0 regions, where the reorientations of 180° and non‐180° domain are dominant, respectively. However, the dynamic hysteresis area <A> does not follow the power law in the intermediate E0 regions, which is attributed to the interaction of different domain reversal mechanisms. Furthermore, the hysteresis area <A> decreases gradually with increasing frequency at a certain E0 and the time‐dependent domain reversal process was also discussed.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Group Home Culture Scale
Authors: Humphreys Lincoln , Bigby Christine , Iacono Teresa , Bould Emma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOrganizational culture in group homes for people with intellectual disabilities has been identified as influencing staff behaviour and residents’ quality of life (QOL). Despite this influence, culture has been under‐researched, with no published and validated instrument to measure its dimensions in group homes. The aim was to develop such a measure.MethodThe Group Home Culture Scale (GHCS) was developed using a theory‐driven approach. Items were generated from the research literature, which were reviewed by experts and tested in cognitive interviews. Data from 343 front‐line staff were used for exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe content and face validity of the GHCS were found to be acceptable. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the GHCS measured seven dimensions of group home culture. Cronbach's alpha for the dimensions ranged from 0.81 to 0.92.ConclusionsThe GHCS has potential use in research to determine whether dimensions of group home culture predict the quality of staff support and residents’ QOL.
Efficacy of adjunctive therapies in patients with gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Figuero Elena , Roldán Silvia , Serrano Jorge , Escribano Marta , Martín Conchita , Preshaw Philip M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim:To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in reducing gingivitis and plaque by means of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).Material and Methods:A search protocol was designed to identify 6‐month RCTs that investigated the efficacy of adjuncts to mechanical plaque control on gingivitis and plaque. Following screening, relevant information was extracted, and quality and potential risk of bias were estimated. Mean treatment differences were calculated to obtain standardized mean differences and weighted mean differences (SMD and WMD) as appropriate.Results:Meta‐analyses included 70 studies of adjunctive antiseptics. Compared with mechanical plaque control alone, adjuncts yielded statistically significant reductions in gingival index (n = 72; SMD = −1.268; 95% CI [−1.489; −1.047]; p < .001; I2 = 96.2%), bleeding (%) (n = 26, WMD=−14.62%; 95% CI [−18.01%; −11.23%]; p < .001; I2 = 95.1%), plaque index (n = 93, SMD = −1.017; 95% CI [−1.194; −0.840]; p < .001; I2 = 95.3%) and plaque (%) (n = 23; WMD = −18.20%; 95% CI [−24.00%; −12.50%]; p < .001; I2 = 96.9%). Mouthrinses resulted in greater reductions in per cent plaque compared with dentifrices (meta‐regression, coefficient = 13.80%; 95% CI [2.40%; 25.10%]; p = .020). The antiseptic agents were similarly effective in reducing gingivitis and plaque in patients with dental plaque‐induced gingivitis (intact periodontium) or previously treated periodontitis with gingival inflammation.Conclusion:Adjunctive antiseptics in mouthrinses and dentifrices provide statistically significant reductions in gingival, bleeding and plaque indices.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with incomplete margins demonstrate higher tumour grade on re‐excision
Authors: Spyropoulou G.‐A. , Pavlidis L. , Trakatelli M. , Foroglou P. , Pagkalos A. , Tsimponis A. , Lampros E. , Delimpaltas A. , Demiri E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe retrospectively evaluated all our cases of re‐excised cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs) in the last 10 years to examine whether they change grade in re‐excision histology reports.MethodsThe medical files of 525 patients, which had surgical excision of CSCCs in the Plastic Surgery Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. All primary and recurrent tumours that were incompletely excised were included in the study. The tumour's grade of both the initial and re‐excision histological reports (Broders classification: well, moderate, or poor), age, sex, tumour location, size, infiltration borders (deep or lateral), and perineural invasion was documented.ResultsFrom a total number of 525 CSCCs, 24 patients with 24 incompletely excised lesions were identified. Perineural invasion was noticed in 16 (66%) of patients. In 15 cases (62, 5%), poorer differentiation was recorded following re‐excision (group A), whilst in nine patients (37, 5%), the grade remained the same (group B). No statistical significance was observed on age (P = 0.106), tumour size (P = 0.382) and perineural invasion (P = 0.658) in both groups. A positive correlation between male gender and infiltrated border location (deep) and change of grade was observed (P = 0.014, P = 0.000).ConclusionsWe would strongly advise re‐excision in incompletely excised lesions except in patients that are unwilling or unfit to undergo another surgical procedure as incompletely excised lesions may change into a poorer degree of differentiation in re‐excision histology reports.
Health literacy assessment: Translation and cultural adaptation to the Portuguese population
Authors: Espírito‐Santo Margarida , Nascimento Tânia , Pinto Ezequiel , De Sousa‐Coelho Ana Luísa , Newman Jeff 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesHealth literacy (HL) has been widely referenced as a determinant of health outcomes, making the assessment of low HL a fundamental step to plan educational interventions. This study aimed to translate and adapt the Short Assessment of Health Literacy—Spanish and English (SAHL‐S&E) questionnaire into European Portuguese.MethodsThe SAHL‐S&E questionnaire was translated using the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. One hundred fifty‐three Portuguese native speakers aged over 18 years old were included in this study, enrolled among users of community pharmacies in the Algarve region (Portugal).ResultsThe translation of the questionnaire used showed a good internal consistency (Cronbachα: .812), and a statistically significant (F= 5.05P< .001) interrater reliability. Over a third of subjects (37.9%) achieved a score less than or equal to 14, which is indicative of low HL.ConclusionThis tool, intended to be used in the European Portuguese population, can be used for low HL screening.
Drying characteristics of maize grain in solar bubble dryer
Authors: Asemu Aynadis M. , Habtu Nigus G. , Delele Mulugeta A. , Subramanyam Bhadriraju , Alavi Sajid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA newly designed solar bubble dryer was used to study the drying behavior of freshly harvested maize grain. The performance of the dryer was tested at sample loads of 10.87 kg/m2 (thin layer), 16.3 kg/m2 (medium layer), and 21.74 kg/m2 (thick layer) under two mixing conditions, 2 and 3 hr intervals. BH‐540 and BH‐660 maize varieties at 22–29% (w.b.) moisture content were used. A temperature rise of about 30°C was recorded in the dryer with respect to the ambient air. The required drying time was highly dependent on sample load. About 24 hr were required to dry the grain to 13% (w.b.) moisture in thin layer compared to 39 hr in thick layer. More frequent mixing of grain (2 hr interval) shortened the drying time by 5–17%. The thin layer experimental data were fitted to drying models and the goodness fit of each model was evaluated using R2, sum square error, and root mean square error. The Verma et al. and diffusion approach models gave better prediction for both varieties and mixing conditions. Fick's second law and anomalous diffusion models were considered for effective diffusion (Deff) calculation. The anomalous diffusion mechanism fitted the experimental data better than Fick's second law and showed a subdiffusive behavior (α < 1).Practical ApplicationsIn developing countries, there is a high percentage of postharvest loss of grains due to traditional/open sun drying method after maturity stage of the plant. Solar drying is a good option to reduce the loss and to produce good quality grains after harvesting. In this study, the performance of newly designed solar bubble dryer and a thin‐layer drying mathematical modeling for freshly harvested maize grain is presented. This study will be useful not only for small holder farmers, but also for all agricultural cooperatives in giving a sustainable and low‐cost grain drying technology. It will be important to produce safe grain products for consumers and for different food industries. In addition, it may be helpful in the design, modeling, and performance assessment of solar dryers and can be used as a reference for solar drying applications for grain crops.