bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Capacity, Plural Forms of Collaboration, and the Performance of Public Initiatives: A Configurational Approach
Authors: Lazzarini Sergio G , Pongeluppe Leandro S , Ito Nobuiuki C , Oliveira Felippe de Medeiros , Ovanessoff Armen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe assess conditions that explain plural forms of public and private action using a comparative study of 24 public initiatives in Brazil, India, and South Africa. Measuring performance as evidence of positive outcomes to their target populations, we compare cases of high and low performance. Our configurational approach examines combinations of conditions leading to positive outcomes: public operational capacity, diverse collaborations nurtured by public units (with for-profit firms, with nonprofit organizations, and with other units in the public bureaucracy), and stakeholder orientation (permeability to multiple sources of input to design and adjust the project). We apply fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to unveil configurations consistent with high performance. Our configurational analysis reveals two distinct paths to high performance. A path with higher private engagement involves concurrent collaborations with for-profit and nonprofit actors, whereas an alternative path with higher internal (public) engagement relies on collaborations within the public bureaucracy complemented by high permeability to inputs from multiple stakeholders. Our results also confirm that strong public capacity is necessary in all high-performance configurations. An important implication is that externalization and multiple forms of collaboration are not substitutes for weak governments. Furthermore, our configurational perspective contributes to the literature by operationalizing a multiple-actor, multiple-logic perspective describing alternative paths to high performance.
Fumarase-deficient uterine leiomyoma: a case of a rare entity and surgical innovation
Authors: Lee Hong , Shafiezadeh Saman , Singh Rajeev 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report a case of a 47-year-old female, with strong preoperative clinical and radiological suspicious of uterine leiomyosarcoma who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. Despite the final histology concluded as benign uterine leiomyoma, the loss of fumarate hydratase expression of the same specimen still put her at risk of having hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome. Intraoperatively, an obstetric vacuum cup was used for uterine manipulation to avoid breaching of the uterine serosa.
Molecular genetic analyses of abiotic stress responses during plant reproductive development
Authors: Ma Xinwei , Su Zhao , Ma Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant responses to abiotic stresses during vegetative growth have been extensively studied for many years. Daily environmental fluctuations can have dramatic effects on plant vegetative growth at multiple levels, resulting in molecular, cellular, physiological, and morphological changes. Plants are even more sensitive to environmental changes during reproductive stages. However, much less is known about how plants respond to abiotic stresses during reproduction. Fortunately, recent advances in this field have begun to provide clues about these important processes, which promise further understanding and a potential contribution to maximize crop yield under adverse environments. Here we summarize information from several plants, focusing on the possible mechanisms that plants use to cope with different types of abiotic stresses during reproductive development, and present a tentative molecular portrait of plant acclimation during reproductive stages. Additionally, we discuss strategies that plants use to balance between survival and productivity, with some comparison among different plants that have adapted to distinct environments.
Zygnematophyceae: from living algae collections to the establishment of future models
Authors: Zhou Hong , von Schwartzenberg Klaus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe class of conjugating green algae, Zygnematophyceae (Conjugatophyceae), is extremely rich in species and has attracted the interest of phycologists for a long time. It is now widely accepted that this class of charophyte algae holds a key position in the phylogenetic tree of streptophytes, where they represent the closest relatives to all land plants (embryophytes). It is increasingly evident that robust model plants that can be easily cultivated and genetically transformed are necessary to better understand the process of terrestrialization and the related molecular, cellular, and physiological adaptations. Living algae collections play an important role, not only for phylogenomic-based taxonomy but also for screening for suitable model organisms. For this review, we screened six major public algae collections for Zygnematophyceae strains and established a cumulative list comprising 738 different taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties, and forms). From the described biodiversity with 8883 registered taxa (AlgaeBase) the cultured Zygnematophyceae taxa worldwide cover only ~8.3%. We review the past research on this clade of algae and discuss it from the perspective of establishing a model organism. We present data on the life cycle of the genera Micrasterias and Spirogyra, representing the orders Desmidiales and Zygnematales, and outline the current status of genetic transformation of Zygnematophyceae algae and future research perspectives.
Cardiovascular Screening in the U.S. Military: Time to Reconsider the Electrocardiogram
Authors: Magee Charles , Haigney Mark C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The US Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted a model concept of the warrior athlete. Identifying latent disease that could compromise the military operator is critical to the warrior athlete concept. Cardiovascular complaints are the important problem recognized in service members evacuated from combat zones, and the incidence of sudden cardiac death in U.S. military recruits is comparable to or greater than that among National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes. Nevertheless, the mandatory electrocardiogram (ECG) was removed from official U.S. military accession screening policy in 2002. Inclusion of ECG screening in high risk athletics is increasingly recognized as appropriate by professional organizations such as the American Heart Association and American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, though neither recommends ECG for generalized screening in large, low-risk populations.

Materials and Methods
The appropriate DoD instructions were reviewed in the context of recent literature regarding the sensitivity and specificity of ECG screening for prevention of sudden cardiac arrest or debilitating arrhythmias.

Results
Challenges to implementation of ECG as a screening modality in U.S. military accessions include clinician interpretation validity and reliability. Modern interpretation criteria and new interpretation technology each serve to mitigate these recognized limitations. Outside experience with implementation of modern ECG suggest potential benefits are significant in the highest risk military groups.

Conclusion
Prospective study of ECG screening is needed to determine the impact on cardiovascular outcomes in U.S. military populations.
A panchromatic spatially resolved analysis of nearby galaxies – I. Sub-kpc-scale main sequence in grand-design spirals
Authors: Enia A , Rodighiero G , Morselli L , Casasola V , Bianchi S , Rodriguez-Muñoz L , Mancini C , Renzini A , Popesso P , Cassata P , Negrello M , Franceschini A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the spatially resolved relation between stellar mass (M⋆) and star formation rate (SFR) in disc galaxies (i.e. the main sequence, MS). The studied sample includes eight nearby face-on grand-design spirals, e.g. the descendant of high-redshift, rotationally supported star-forming galaxies. We exploit photometric information over 23 bands, from the UV to the far-IR, from the publicly available DustPedia data base to build spatially resolved maps of stellar mass and SFRs on sub-galactic scales of 0.5–1.5 kpc, by performing a spectral energy distribution fitting procedure that accounts for both the observed and obscured star formation processes, over a wide range of internal galaxy environments (bulges, spiral arms, and outskirts). With more than 30 000 physical cells, we have derived a definition of the local spatially resolved MS per unit area for discs, log (ΣSFR) = 0.82log (Σ*) − 8.69. This is consistent with the bulk of recent results based on optical IFU, using the H α line emission as an SFR tracer. Our work extends the analysis at lower sensitivities in both M⋆ and SFR surface densities, up to a factor of ∼10. The self-consistency of the MS relation over different spatial scales, from sub-galactic to galactic, as well as with a rescaled correlation obtained for high-redshift galaxies, clearly proves its universality.
Three discoveries of γ Cas analogues from dedicated XMM–Newton observations of Be stars
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Motch Christian , Rauw Gregor , Kumar Shami , Robrade Jan , Lopes de Oliveira Raimundo , Smith Myron A , Torrejón José M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In the last years, a peculiarity of some Be stars – their association with unusually hard and intense X-ray emission – was shown to extend beyond a mere few cases. In this paper, we continue our search for new cases by performing a limited survey of 18 Be stars using XMM–Newton. The targets were selected either on the basis of a previous X-ray detection (exosat,rosat, XMM-slew survey) without spectral information available or because of the presence of a peculiar spectral variability. Only two targets remain undetected in the new observations and three other stars display only faint and soft X-rays. Short-term and/or long-term variations were found in one third of the sample. The spectral characterization of the X-ray brightest 13 stars of the sample led to the discovery of three new γ Cas (HD 44458, HD 45995, and V558 Lyr), bringing the total to 25 known cases, and another γ Cas candidate (HD 120678), bringing the total to two.
SMM J04135+10277: a distant QSO–starburst system caught by ALMA
Authors: Fogasy Judit , Knudsen K K , Drouart G , Lagos C D P , Fan L 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The gas content of galaxies is a key factor for their growth, starting from star formation and black hole accretion to galaxy mergers. Thus, characterizing its properties through observations of tracers like the CO emission line is of big importance in order to understand the bigger picture of galaxy evolution. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of dust continuum, CO(5–4) and CO(8–7) line emission in the quasar–star-forming companion system SMM J04135+10277 (z = 2.84). Earlier low-J CO studies of this system found a huge molecular gas reservoir associated with the companion galaxy, while the quasar appeared gas-poor. Our CO observations revealed that the host galaxy of the quasar is also gas-rich, with an estimated molecular gas mass of $\sim (0.7{\!-\!}2.3)\times 10^{10}\, \rm M_{\odot}$. The CO line profiles of the companion galaxy are very broad ($\sim 1000\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$), and show signs of rotation of a compact, massive system. In contrast to previous far-infrared observations, we resolve the continuum emission and detect both sources, with the companion galaxy dominating the dust continuum and the quasar having a $\sim 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ contribution to the total dust emission. By fitting the infrared spectral energy distribution of the sources with mr-moose and empirical templates, the infrared luminosities of the quasar and the companion are in the range of $L_{\rm IR, QSO}\sim (2.1{\!-\!}9.6)\times 10^{12}\, \rm L_{\odot}$ and $L_{\rm IR, Comp.}\sim (2.4{\!-\!}24)\times 10^{12}\, \rm L_{\odot}$, while the estimated star formation rates are $\sim 210{\!-\!}960$ and $\sim 240{\!-\!}2400\, \rm M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}$, respectively. Our results demonstrate that non-detection of low-J CO transition lines in similar sources does not necessarily imply the absence of massive molecular gas reservoir but that the excitation conditions favour the excitation of high-J transitions.
Mass loss and the Eddington parameter: a new mass-loss recipe for hot and massive stars
Authors: Bestenlehner Joachim M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Mass loss through stellar winds plays a dominant role in the evolution of massive stars. In particular, the mass-loss rates of very massive stars ($\gt 100\, M_{\odot}$) are highly uncertain. Such stars display Wolf–Rayet spectral morphologies (WNh), whilst on the main sequence. Metal-poor very massive stars are progenitors of gamma-ray bursts and pair instability supernovae. In this study, we extended the widely used stellar wind theory by Castor, Abbott & Klein from the optically thin (O star) to the optically thick main-sequence (WNh) wind regime. In particular, we modify the mass-loss rate formula in a way that we are able to explain the empirical mass-loss dependence on the Eddington parameter (Γe). The new mass-loss recipe is suitable for incorporation into current stellar evolution models for massive and very massive stars. It makes verifiable predictions, namely how the mass-loss rate scales with metallicity and at which Eddington parameter the transition from optically thin O star to optically thick WNh star winds occurs. In the case of the star cluster R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud we find in the optically thin wind regime $\dot{M} \propto \Gamma _{\rm e}^{3}$, while in the optically thick wind regime $\dot{M} \propto 1/ (1 - \Gamma _{\rm e})^{3.5}$. The transition from optically thin to optically thick winds occurs at Γe, trans ≈ 0.47. The transition mass-loss rate is $\log \dot{M}~(\mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}) \approx -4.76 \pm 0.18$, which is in line with the prediction by Vink & Gräfener assuming a volume filling factor of $f_{\rm V} = 0.23_{-0.15}^{+0.40}$.
The mass fraction of halo stars contributed by the disruption of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
Authors: Reina-Campos Marta , Hughes Meghan E , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Pfeffer Joel L , Bastian Nate , Crain Robert A , Koch Andreas , Grebel Eva K 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Globular clusters (GCs) have been posited, alongside dwarf galaxies, as significant contributors to the field stellar population of the Galactic halo. In order to quantify their contribution, we examine the fraction of halo stars formed in stellar clusters in the suite of 25 present-day Milky Way-mass cosmological zoom simulations from the E-MOSAICS project. We find that a median of 2.3 and 0.3 per cent of the mass in halo field stars formed in clusters and GCs, defined as clusters more massive than 5 × 103 and 105 M⊙, respectively, with the 25–75th percentiles spanning 1.9–3.0 and 0.2–0.5 per cent being caused by differences in the assembly histories of the host galaxies. Under the extreme assumption that no stellar cluster survives to the present day, the mass fractions increase to a median of 5.9 and 1.8 per cent. These small fractions indicate that the disruption of GCs plays a subdominant role in the build-up of the stellar halo. We also determine the contributed halo mass fraction that would present signatures of light-element abundance variations considered to be unique to GCs, and find that clusters and GCs would contribute a median of 1.1 and 0.2 per cent, respectively. We estimate the contributed fraction of GC stars to the Milky Way halo, based on recent surveys, and find upper limits of 2–5 per cent (significantly lower than previous estimates), suggesting that models other than those invoking strong mass loss are required to describe the formation of chemically enriched stellar populations in GCs.
Constraining the intergalactic medium at z ≈ 9.1 using LOFAR Epoch of Reionization observations
Authors: Ghara R , Giri S K , Mellema G , Ciardi B , Zaroubi S , Iliev I T , Koopmans L V E , Chapman E , Gazagnes S , Gehlot B K , Ghosh A , Jelić V , Mertens F G , Mondal R , Schaye J , Silva M B , Asad K M B , Kooistra R , Mevius M , Offringa A R , Pandey V N , Yatawatta S 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We derive constraints on the thermal and ionization states of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift ≈ 9.1 using new upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum measured by the LOFAR radio telescope and a prior on the ionized fraction at that redshift estimated from recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. We have used results from the reionization simulation code grizzly and a Bayesian inference framework to constrain the parameters which describe the physical state of the IGM. We find that, if the gas heating remains negligible, an IGM with ionized fraction ≳0.13 and a distribution of the ionized regions with a characteristic size ≳ 8 h−1 comoving megaparsec (Mpc) and a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ≳16 h−1 Mpc is ruled out. For an IGM with a uniform spin temperature TS ≳ 3 K, no constraints on the ionized component can be computed. If the large-scale fluctuations of the signal are driven by spin temperature fluctuations, an IGM with a volume fraction ≲0.34 of heated regions with a temperature larger than CMB, average gas temperature 7–160 K, and a distribution of the heated regions with characteristic size 3.5–70 h−1 Mpc and FWHM of ≲110 h−1 Mpc is ruled out. These constraints are within the 95 per cent credible intervals. With more stringent future upper limits from LOFAR at multiple redshifts, the constraints will become tighter and will exclude an increasingly large region of the parameter space.
Heating of the real polar cap of radio pulsars
Authors: Sznajder M , Geppert U 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The heating of the real polar cap surface of radio pulsars by the bombardment of ultra-relativistic charges is studied. The real polar cap is a significantly smaller area within or close by the conventional polar cap, which is encircled by the last open field lines of the dipolar field $\vec{B}_\mathrm{ d}$. It is surrounded by those field lines of the small-scale local surface field $\vec{B}_\mathrm{ s}$ that join the last open field lines of $\vec{B}_\mathrm{ d}$ in a height of ∼105 cm above the cap. As the ratio of radii of the conventional and real polar cap Rdip/Rpc ∼ 10, flux conservation requires Bs/Bd ∼ 100. For rotational periods P ∼ 0.5 s, Bs ∼ 1014 G creates a strong electric potential gap that forms the inner accelerating region (IAR) in which charges gain kinetic energies ∼3 × 1014 eV. This sets an upper limit for the energy that backflowing charges can release as heat in the surface layers of the real polar cap. Within the IAR, which is flown through with a dense stream of extremely energetic charges, no stable atmosphere of hydrogen can survive. Therefore, we consider the polar cap as a solidified ‘naked’ surface consisting of fully ionized iron ions. We discuss the physical situation at the real polar cap, calculate its surface temperatures Ts as functions of Bs and P, and compare the results with X-ray observations of radio pulsars.
Smoke on the water: CO and H2O in a circumnuclear disc around a quasar at redshift 2.64
Authors: Stacey H R , Lafontaine A , McKean J P 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of observations with the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array (ALMA) of the 380 GHz water emission line and CO (11–10) emission line from MG J0414+0534, a gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxy that hosts a type 1 quasar. We also present observations at 1.6 GHz with global very long baseline interferometry of the radio source. We confirm the previously reported detection of the 380 GHz water line and that the flux density ratio between the two merging lensed images is reversed with respect to the radio/mm continuum. We further find tentative evidence of variability in the integrated line intensity on time-scales of days. We show that the 380 GHz water line has two components of emission: a disc that is around 35 pc in diameter around the quasar, and another component of emission that is offset ∼600 pc perpendicular to the disc that lies close to the lensing caustic. With lens modelling of the multiwavelength data sets, we construct a model for the quasar system consisting of a circumnuclear disc of molecular gas with a size of about 60 pc bisected by radio jets extending to a distance of about 200 pc from the radio core. Our findings suggest that observations with ALMA of high-excitation molecular lines from strongly lensed quasars could allow detailed studies of active galactic nucleus accretion and feedback at the cosmic peak of black hole and galaxy growth.
A user-friendly, high-throughput tool for the precise fluorescent quantification of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates from biological samples
Authors: Szabó Judit Eszter , Surányi Éva Viola , Mébold Bence Sándor , Trombitás Tamás , Cserepes Mihály , Tóth Judit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cells maintain a fine-tuned, dynamic concentration balance in the pool of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs). This balance is essential for physiological processes including cell cycle control or antiviral defense. Its perturbation results in increased mutation frequencies, replication arrest and may promote cancer development. An easily accessible and relatively high-throughput method would greatly accelerate the exploration of the diversified consequences of dNTP imbalances. The dNTP incorporation based, fluorescent TaqMan-like assay published by Wilson et al. has the aforementioned advantages over mass spectrometry, radioactive or chromatography based dNTP quantification methods. Nevertheless, the assay failed to produce reliable data in several biological samples. Therefore, we applied enzyme kinetics analysis on the fluorescent dNTP incorporation curves and found that the Taq polymerase exhibits a dNTP independent exonuclease activity that decouples signal generation from dNTP incorporation. Furthermore, we found that both polymerization and exonuclease activities are unpredictably inhibited by the sample matrix. To resolve these issues, we established a kinetics based data analysis method which identifies the signal generated by dNTP incorporation. We automated the analysis process in the nucleoTIDY software which enables even the inexperienced user to calculate the final and accurate dNTP amounts in a 96-well-plate setup within minutes.
Cu2+-based distance measurements by pulsed EPR provide distance constraints for DNA backbone conformations in solution
Authors: Ghosh Shreya , Lawless Matthew J , Brubaker Hanna J , Singewald Kevin , Kurpiewski Michael R , Jen-Jacobson Linda , Saxena Sunil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has become an important tool to probe conformational changes in nucleic acids. An array of EPR labels for nucleic acids are available, but they often come at the cost of long tethers, are dependent on the presence of a particular nucleotide or can be placed only at the termini. Site directed incorporation of Cu2+-chelated to a ligand, 2,2′dipicolylamine (DPA) is potentially an attractive strategy for site-specific, nucleotide independent Cu2+-labelling in DNA. To fully understand the potential of this label, we undertook a systematic and detailed analysis of the Cu2+-DPA motif using EPR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We used continuous wave EPR experiments to characterize Cu2+ binding to DPA as well as optimize Cu2+ loading conditions. We performed double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiments at two frequencies to elucidate orientational selectivity effects. Furthermore, comparison of DEER and MD simulated distance distributions reveal a remarkable agreement in the most probable distances. The results illustrate the efficacy of the Cu2+-DPA in reporting on DNA backbone conformations for sufficiently long base pair separations. This labelling strategy can serve as an important tool for probing conformational changes in DNA upon interaction with other macromolecules.