bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unter Bedingungen der unvollständigen nuklearen Revolution
Authors: Lutsch Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle und das nuklearstrategische Denken der Bundeswehrführung im Vorfeld des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses sowie Implikationen der kontroversen »Null-Option« im Lichte dieses Denkens. Er stützt sich auf Analysen aus den Bereichen security/strategic studies und offengelegtes Geschäftsschriftgut britischer und US-amerikanischer Provenienzen. Im ersten Teil zeigt der Beitrag Konturen der Forschung, fragt nach militärischer Innovation in der Nuklearstrategie und macht das Konzept »nuclear brinkmanship« fruchtbar. Im zweiten Teil werden drei Befunde zur Rolle und zum nuklearstrategischen Denken der Bundeswehrführung im Vorfeld des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses vorgestellt und jeweils empirisch begründet.
The existence of states on EQ-algebras
Authors: Xin Xiao Long , Ma Ying Cang , Fu Yu Long 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Inspired by the open problems “How to define the notions of fantastic filters and states in EQ-algebras” in [LIU, L. Z.—ZHANG, X. Y.: Implicative and positive implicative prefilters of EQ-algebras, J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 26 (2014), 2087–2097], we introduce the notions of fantastic filters and investigate the existence of Bosbach states and Riečan states on EQ-algebras by use of fantastic filters. Firstly, we prove that a residuated EQ-algebra has a Bosbach state if and only if it has a fantastic filter. We also establish that a good EQ-algebra has a state-morphism if and only if it has a prime fantastic filter. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of QI-EQ-algebras and obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for a residuated QI-EQ-algebra having Riečan states. Finally, we introduce the notion of semi-divisible EQ-algebras and give an example of a semi-divisible residuated EQ-algebra, which is not a semi-divisible residuated lattice. We also prove that every semi-divisible residuated EQ-algebra admits Riečan states. These works generalize a series of existing results about existence of states in several algebras, such as residuated lattices, NM-algebras, MTL-algebras, BL-algebras and so on.
On sidon sequences of farey sequences, square roots and reciprocals
Authors: Surányi Gergő 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I will construct three families of Sidon sequences of certain subsets of ℝ, in particular I will study Farey sequences, square roots, and reciprocals. It will be shown that Sidon sequences over them have cardinality of between

c
1

N

3

/

4

log

N

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
c_1\frac{N^{3/4}} {\log{N}}
\end{array}$

and c
2
N
3/4, c
3
N, and

c
4

N
log

log

N

log

N

.

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
c_4 \frac{N\log{\log{N}}}{\log{N}}.
\end{array}$
Monotone transformations on the cone of all positive semidefinite real matrices
Authors: Golubić Iva , Marovt Janko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Let

H

n

+

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_{n}^{+}
\end{array}$

(ℝ) be the cone of all positive semidefinite (symmetric) n × n real matrices. Matrices from

H

n

+

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_{n}^{+}
\end{array}$

(ℝ) play an important role in many areas of engineering, applied mathematics, and statistics, e.g. every variance-covariance matrix is known to be positive semidefinite and every real positive semidefinite matrix is a variance-covariance matrix of some multivariate distribution. Three of the best known partial orders that were mostly studied on various sets of matrices are the Löwner, the minus, and the star partial orders. Motivated by applications in statistics authors have recently investigated the form of maps on

H

n

+

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_{n}^{+}
\end{array}$

(ℝ) that preserve either the Löwner or the minus partial order in both directions. In this paper we continue with the study of preservers of partial orders on

H

n

+

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_{n}^{+}
\end{array}$

(ℝ). We characterize surjective, additive maps on

H

n

+

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_{n}^{+}
\end{array}$

(ℝ), n ≥ 3, that preserve the star partial order in both directions. We also investigate the form of surjective maps on the set of all symmetric real n × n matrices that preserve the Löwner partial order in both directions.
Locally defined operators in the space of C

k,ω
-functions
Authors: Wróbel Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For a closed set A ⊂ ℝ
n
a representation theorem for locally defined operators maping the space C

k,ω
(A) consisting of all k-times continuously differentiable functions on A whose k-th derivatives have modulus of continuity ω into C
0,ω
(A) is presented.
High-Q dark hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride nanostructures
Authors: Ramer Georg , Tuteja Mohit , Matson Joseph R. , Davanco Marcelo , Folland Thomas G. , Kretinin Andrey , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Novoselov Kostya S. , Caldwell Joshua D. , Centrone Andrea 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The anisotropy of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) gives rise to hyperbolic phonon-polaritons (HPhPs), notable for their volumetric frequency-dependent propagation and strong confinement. For frustum (truncated nanocone) structures, theory predicts five, high-order HPhPs, sets, but only one set was observed previously with far-field reflectance and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. In contrast, the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique has recently permitted sampling of the full HPhP dispersion and observing such elusive predicted modes; however, the mechanism underlying PTIR sensitivity to these weakly-scattering modes, while critical to their understanding, has not yet been clarified. Here, by comparing conventional contact- and newly developed tapping-mode PTIR, we show that the PTIR sensitivity to those weakly-scattering, high-Q (up to ≈280) modes is, contrary to a previous hypothesis, unrelated to the probe operation (contact or tapping) and is instead linked to PTIR ability to detect tip-launched dark, volumetrically-confined polaritons, rather than nanostructure-launched HPhPs modes observed by other techniques. Furthermore, we show that in contrast with plasmons and surface phonon-polaritons, whose Q-factors and optical cross-sections are typically degraded by the proximity of other nanostructures, the high-Q HPhP resonances are preserved even in high-density hBN frustum arrays, which is useful in sensing and quantum emission applications.
Effects of gap thickness and emitter location on the photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS2 in a plasmonic nanoparticle-film coupled system
Authors: Qi Xiaozhuo , Lo Tsz Wing , Liu Di , Feng Lantian , Chen Yang , Wu Yunkun , Ren Hongliang , Guo Guang-Can , Lei Dangyuan , Ren Xifeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities comprised of metal film-coupled nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile nanophotonic platform benefiting from their ultrasmall mode volume and large Purcell factors. In the weak-coupling regime, the particle-film gap thickness affects the photoluminescence (PL) of quantum emitters sandwiched therein. Here, we investigated the Purcell effect-enhanced PL of monolayer MoS2 inserted in the gap of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–alumina (Al2O3)–gold film (Au Film) structure. Under confocal illumination by a 532 nm CW laser, we observed a 7-fold PL peak intensity enhancement for the cavity-sandwiched MoS2 at an optimal Al2O3 thickness of 5 nm, corresponding to a local PL enhancement of ∼350 by normalizing the actual illumination area to the cavity’s effective near-field enhancement area. Full-wave simulations reveal a counterintuitive fact that radiation enhancement comes from the non-central area of the cavity rather than the cavity center. By scanning an electric dipole across the nanocavity, we obtained an average radiation enhancement factor of about 65 for an Al2O3 spacer thickness of 4 nm, agreeing well with the experimental thickness and indicating further PL enhancement optimization. Our results indicate the importance of configuration optimization, emitter location and excitation condition when using such plasmonic nanocavities to modulate the radiation properties of quantum emitters.
MHD natural convection flow of Casson fluid in an annular microchannel containing porous medium with heat generation/absorption
Authors: Gireesha B.J. , Sindhu S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study has been conducted to focus on natural convection flow of Casson fluid through an annular microchannel formed by two cylinders in the presence of magnetic field. The process of heat generation/absorption is taken into consideration. Combined effects of various parameters such as porous medium, velocity slip and temperature jump are considered. Solution of the present mathematical model is obtained numerically using fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The flow velocity, thermal field, skin friction and Nusselt number are scrutinized with respect to the involved parameters of interest such as fluid wall interaction parameter, rarefaction parameter, Casson parameter and Darcy number with the aid of graphs. It is established that higher values of Casson parameter increases the skin friction coefficient. Further it is obtained that rate of heat transfer diminishes as fluid wall interaction parameter increases.
Civil Society Regimes and School Choice Reforms: Evidence from Sweden and Milwaukee
Authors: Henrekson Ebba , Andersson Fredrik O. , Wijkström Filip , Ford Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examine the effects of school choice reforms implemented in the early 1990s in two different settings: Sweden and Milwaukee (WI, U.S.). We show how both the ideological and theoretical arguments for choice reform were similar in the two contexts, yet the consequences in terms of the organizational outcome and institutional sector configuration ended up strikingly dissimilar. While the new group of actors in the Swedish school system consisted primarily of large-scale for-profit schools, with only a minor share of the expansion being catered to by nonprofit actors, the Milwaukee school choice program became dominated by small-scale nonprofit schools operated by religious communities. We seek to explicate these differences by drawing on the welfare state literature and social origins theory, as well as from organizational and historical institutional theory. We argue that the resulting composition of providers is directly related to the deep-seated differences in the civil society regimes operating in the two contexts.
Digital Humanities and Ritual Space: A Reappraisal
Authors: Papantoniou Giorgos , Sarris Apostolos , Morris Christine E. , Vionis Athanasios K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this editorial article for the Special Issue onUnlocking Sacred Landscapes: Digital Humanities and Ritual Space, we introduce the applicability of digital humanities to the study of ritual space. The Issue focuses on digital approaches both to ritual space and to artefacts relating to ritual practice and cult. The terms ritual and cult are used broadly to include sanctuaries, temples and churches, as well as the domestic and funerary spheres of life. We include contributions with a strong methodological focus on computational developments, digitisation processes and spatial analyses. Although the main focus of theUnlocking Sacred Landscapes(UnSaLa) Research Network is the Mediterranean region, we have also encouraged colleagues working in other areas of the world to contribute to this volume, with a view to stimulating wider methodological dialogues and comparative approaches. The chronological span ranges from prehistory to the recent past, and includes cultural heritage management.
An analysis of American public libraries’ policies on patron use of Internet pornography
Authors: Edlund Hannah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrawing on and expanding previous graduate course research, this paper investigated and analyzed public libraries’ policies regarding patron use of legal, visual Internet pornography on public computers. Pornographic imagery that falls within legal boundaries is protected by the First Amendment. Incidents of, and library responses to, pornography viewing are not a new issue and have caused turmoil across the field of library and information science. In an attempt to understand the problem, the research question asks: how do public libraries respond to patrons viewing legal Internet pornography, while upholding First Amendment rights as well as the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) and other legal requirements? Libraries tread a fine line to protect First Amendment rights, respect community laws, and uphold CIPA. Research indicated that responding to Internet pornography use in public libraries is heavily dependent on individual, community and library values. Policies are more likely to prohibit patrons from accessing Internet pornography, and most libraries have at least some Internet filtering software restricting what content may be accessed on public use computers. However, evidence also suggests that regardless of policy or filters, library staff will at some point encounter a patron accessing Internet pornography.
Ion exchange in downstream processing in biotechnology
Authors: Beschkov Venko N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIon exchange is one of the promising methods for downstream processing in biotechnology. Its advantages are based on selectivity and therefore obtaining of products with reasonable concentration and purity, mild conditions, simple operation and saving of time and energy for product separation. Additional advantage is the possiblein situextraction of ionogenic products from the fermentation broth, including removal of potential inhibitors during the fermentation process.In the case of biotechnology, ion exchange could be considered in two separate ways: ion-exchange solvent extraction and traditional liquid/solid ion exchange by ion-exchange resins. Both approaches have been studied.In this paper, this approach is shown on two important case studies: L(+)-lactic acid and L-lysine recovery from fermentation processes.
Computer-based techniques for lead identification and optimization II: Advanced search methods
Authors: Lupia Antonio , Moraca Federica , Bagetta Donatella , Maruca Annalisa , Ambrosio Francesca Alessandra , Rocca Roberta , Catalano Raffaella , Romeo Isabella , Talarico Carmine , Ortuso Francesco , Artese Anna , Alcaro Stefano 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on advanced computational techniques for identifying and optimizing lead molecules, such as metadynamics and a novel dynamic 3D pharmacophore analysis method called Dynophores. In this paper, the first application of the funnel metadynamics of the Berberine binding to G-quadruplex DNA is depicted, disclosing hints for drug design, in particular clarifying water’s role and suggesting the design of derivatives able to replace the solvent-mediated interactions between ligand and DNA to achieve more potent and selective activity. Secondly, the novel dynamic pharmacophore approach is an extension of the classic 3D pharmacophores, with statistical and sequential information about the conformational flexibility of a molecular system derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Spectroscopic and DFT studies of 2,4-dichloro-N-phenethylbenzenesulfonamide
Authors: Kavipriya R. , Kavitha Helen P. , Vennila Jasmine P. , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of 2,4-dichloro-N-phenethylbenzenesulfonamide (DPBS) was obtained and the compound was studied theoretically. The optimized geometry, total electronic energy and vibrational wavenumbers of DPBS were examined using Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) method such as B3LYP, BP86 and M06 functionals with the basis set of 6-311++G(d,p) for all atoms. A complete vibrational assignment was studied for DPBS. The molecular orbital energies, polarizability and thermodynamic properties of DPBS were also computed. Analysis of molecular orbitals reveals the parameters such as chemical potential, chemical hardness and electrophilicity index. The molecular properties such as electric dipole moment µ, polarizability α, and hyperpolarizability β reveal the non-linear optical (NLO) property of DPBS. Natural bond analysis study reveals charge delocalization of the molecule. The experimental and computational results are found to have good agreement among themselves. The results of this work will pave the way for further insight in the study of the applications of DPBS.Graphical Abstract:
Effect of Folate-deficient Diet and 5-Fluorouracil Treatment In the zn VlVO Model of Mice L1210 Leukemia
Authors: Graczyk Julita 
Published: May 2020

Summary The present study investigated the effect of reduced folic acid content in the organism, due to deficient diet, on the survival time of mice with L1210 leukemia, treated with fluorouracil. One of the mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of fluorouracil is the inhibition of thymidylate synthase by binding fluorodeoxyuridylate, a 5-fluorouracil metabolite. Tetrahydrofoliane factor, for which folic acid is the substrate, takes part in this process. From the presented study it follows that the synthetic diet prepared without the addition of folic acid caused significantly lower blood serum folic acid levels, reduction of vitamin Bl2 level, anemia, as well as lowered leukocyte count. The antineoplastic effect of fluorouracil on L1210 leukemia was in that group of mice weaker than the effect of fluorouracil in mice receiving synthetic diet which met their folic acid requirement.
Plasma Neopterin in Hepatitis C Virus Antibody -positive and -negative Donors with Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Activity
Authors: Mazda Toshio , Noriyuki Nojiri , Kimura Hiroshi , Iino Teruhiko , Ohbayashi Akira 
Published: May 2020

Summary Plasma neopterin was assayed in units from HBs antigen-negative male donors with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (AL T, above 35 Karmen units) who were divided into two groups according to whether they were negative (N = 162) or positive (N =-= RO) for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV Ab). Male donors with no abnormalities reflected in screening tests were selected as controls (N98). The average values of plasma neopterin were 5.6 nmolll in the HCV Ab-negative group, 7.9 nmolll in the HCV Ab-positive group and 5.9 nmolll in the control group. Significant differences were only found between the HCVAb-positive group and each of the other two groups. From the results. the elevated ALT levels in the majority of HCVAb-negative donors with elevated AL T were considered to be clue to liver injuries caused by metabolic disturbances such as steatosis due to excess body weight and/or alcohol consumption.
Die Chancen und Risiken eines Experience rating in der Arbeitslosenversicherung
Authors: Eppel Rainer , Mahringer Helmut 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungRainer Eppel und Helmut Mahringer beleuchten die Chancen und Risiken unterschiedlicher Gestaltungsvarianten eines Experience rating in der Arbeitslosenversicherung. Hintergrund dafür ist der Befund, dass eine durch pauschale Arbeitgeberbeiträge finanzierte Arbeitslosenversicherung unerwünschte Umverteilungseffekte produziert und Anreize zu vermehrten, häufig nur vorübergehenden Beschäftigungsbeendigungen setzt. Studien zeigen für die Vereinigten Staaten, Kanada und einige Länder Europas, dass dies einen substanziellen Teil der Arbeitslosigkeit verursacht. Ein Experience rating in der Form erfahrungsbasierter und risikoabhängiger Arbeitgeberbeiträge birgt die Chance, ein Übermaß an vorübergehenden Kündigungen zu vermeiden und die Arbeitslosigkeit sowie die Folgebelastungen für die Arbeitslosenversicherung zu mindern. Risikofaktoren, die bei der Beitragsgestaltung berücksichtigt werden sollten, liegen besonders in einer zu starken Einschränkung der Flexibilität der Unternehmen, einer Verschärfung von Unternehmenskrisen und einer Hemmung von Neueinstellungen auf Kosten der Jobchancen von Arbeitslosen.
Neptunium extraction by N,N-dialkylamides
Authors: Gogolski Jarrod M. , Zalupski Peter R. , Grimes Travis S. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Separation of neptunium by solvent extraction has been based on tributylphosphate (TBP) for decades, but TBP is not fully incinerable, which adds to the burden of long-lived radioactive waste. Alternatives to TBP for uranium and plutonium extraction, such as the N,N-diakylamides, previously have been explored in the hopes of transitioning to an extractant that is incinerable. Four N,N-diakylamides, N,N-dihexylhexanamide (DHHA), N,N-dihexyloctanamide (DHOA), N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)butanamide (DEHBA), and N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-iso-butanamide (DEHiBA) were considered in this work for their potential to extract millimolar concentrations of Np(IV), Np(V), and Np(VI) from nitric acid solutions into organic solutions containing 1 M extractant in Exxsol D60. Under these conditions the branching of the alkyl substituents affects the extractability of Np(VI) and Np(IV), causing three of the dialkylamides, DHHA, DHOA and DEHBA, to extract neptunium in the expected order Np(VI) > Np(IV) > > Np(V). In contrast, branched DEHiBA is so poor an extractant for Np(IV) that the extraction order becomes Np(VI) > > Np(V) > Np(IV) between 0.1 and 5.6 M HNO3 due to partial oxidation of the Np(V) in nitric acid.
Mechanical properties of geopolymer foam at high temperature
Authors: Le Van Su , Szczypinski Michal M. , Hájková Pavlína , Kovacic Vladimir , Bakalova Totka , Volesky Lukas , Hiep Le Chi , Louda Petr 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, geopolymer foam composites containing waste basalt fibre (10, 30, and 50%wt) were exposed to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000∘C. With an increase in high temperature, the geopolymer foams material exhibits a decrease in compressive strength and bending strength. When heated above 600∘C, geopolymer foams materials exhibit a significant reduction in mechanical properties. It shows clearly with the naked eye that surface cracks in case of samples containing 10% of basalt filler. However, when increasing fillers with basalt fibres up to 30% and 50%, the cracking of the sample surface is no longer visible to the naked eye. Especially when the temperature increases, the mechanical properties also increase without decreasing in the sample of 50% by weighing to the binder. The results show that reinforcing the geopolymer foams with basalt ground fibre improves the mechanical properties at high temperatures.