bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Refuge through Employment: Worker Visas as a Complementary Pathway for Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Doyle Michael , Peltz Elie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay identifies and explores an underappreciated win-win policy option that has the potential to address both the needs of refugees for resettlement and the labor demand of destination countries. Building upon provisions of the Model International Mobility Convention—a model convention endorsed by dozens of leading migration and refugee experts—and a program pioneered by Talent Beyond Boundaries, we explore how to scale up valuable measures for identifying job opportunities that can resettle refugees from asylum countries to destination countries. The latter can benefit from the labor of refugees and thereby offer long-term refuge for populations in desperate need of resettlement.
Coronavirus, Catch-up Calls and Case Studies
Authors: Davies Katy , Manning Kate , Wilson Jude 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, three members of the BIALL Publications Committee, Katy Davies, Kate Manning and Jude Wilson, relate their experience of lockdown in their working environments and mention some of the ways that the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL), as a professional organisation, has been supporting its members.
Remote Legal Research Training for the ‘Denmark–Myanmar Programme on Rule of Law and Human Rights’ During the Pandemic
Authors: Bird Ruth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of the Covid 19 lockdown of Western countries has had extensive coverage, but for other countries, like Myanmar, little information has been shared in the Western media. Yet the impact on everyday activities there has been just as great, including closure of workplaces and universities, the wearing of masks, and restrictions on travellers from outside Myanmar. When a planned programme of face-to-face legal research teaching in May 2020 could not be offered, another means had to be found to deliver a course which had been successfully introduced the previous year. In this article Ruth Bird outlines how the course went ahead even though she was in lockdown in Melbourne, while her colleagues and participants were locked down in Yangon.
The Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishioka Yoshiko , Masui Yukie , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Gondo Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a test assessing global cognition in older adults which is often used by researchers and clinicians worldwide, although some of its psychometric properties have yet to be established. We focus on three fundamental aspects: the factorial structure of the MoCA, its general factor saturation, and the measurement invariance of the test. We administered the MoCA to a large sample of Japanese older adults clustered in three cohorts (69–71-year-olds, 79–81-year-olds, and 89–91-year-olds; N = 2,408). Our results show that the test has an overall stable hierarchical factorial structure with a general factor at its apex and satisfactory general-factor saturation. We also found measurement invariance across participants of different ages, educational levels, economic status, and sex. This comprehensive investigation thus supports the idea that the MoCA is a valid tool to assess global cognition in older adults of different socioeconomic status and age ranges.
Near‐Inertial Wave Propagation in the Wake of Super Typhoon Mangkhut: Measurements From a Profiling Float Array
Authors: Johnston T. M. Shaun , Wang Shuguang , Lee Chia‐Ying , Moum James N. , Rudnick Daniel L. , Sobel Adam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNear‐inertial internal waves (NIWs) are generated by inertially‐rotating winds under tropical cyclones (TC). Since NIWs are mostly horizontal, their vertical propagation out of the mixed layer is slow. However, mesoscale vorticity and shear increase vertical group speed by increasing near‐inertial frequency and horizontal wavenumber. To assess NIW propagation, a profiling float array under Super Typhoon Mangkhut in September 2018 made broad and persistent measurements in space and time of density in the upper 200 m and depth‐mean velocity. The TC wake was a region of positive vorticity on its southern side, displayed elevated shear, and thereby enhanced downward propagation of NIWs. The vertical energy flux is estimated as 0.04–0.11 W m−2, which is about 1%–4% (3%–8%) of the mean total (near‐inertial) wind work of 3.0 (1.3) W m−2 calculated from a high‐resolution TC model. Considerable uncertainties arise in the (a) estimated group speed based on wavelength, shear, and frequency and (b) energy density based on depth‐varying density and the NIW polarization relations, which are sensitive to frequency. Following the TC's passage, NIWs propagated southward and horizontal wavelengths decreased from 1,000 to 500 km, as time progressed. Also, we identify an interfacial wave at the mixed layer base, which displaces isopycnals vertically. The following process is suggested. As the North Equatorial Current flows over these displacements, which act as topographic obstacles, secondary NIWs propagate up‐/downward into the mixed layer/thermocline. These waves are 180° out of phase in the mixed layer and thermocline, which can enhance shear at the mixed layer base.
The morphology of VO2/TiO2(001): terraces, facets, and cracks
Authors: Krisponeit Jon-Olaf , Fischer Simon , Esser Sven , Moshnyaga Vasily , Schmidt Thomas , Piper Louis F. J. , Flege Jan Ingo , Falta Jens 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) features a pronounced, thermally-driven metal-to-insulator transition at 340 K. Employing epitaxial stress on rutile $$\text{TiO}_{2}(001)$$

TiO
2

(
001
)

substrates, the transition can be tuned to occur close to room temperature. Striving for applications in oxide-electronic devices, the lateral homogeneity of such samples must be considered as an important prerequisite for efforts towards miniaturization. Moreover, the preparation of smooth surfaces is crucial for vertically stacked devices and, hence, the design of functional interfaces. Here, the surface morphology of $$\text{VO}_2/\text{TiO}_2(001)$$

VO
2

/

TiO
2

(
001
)

films was analyzed by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction as well as scanning probe microscopy. The formation of large terraces could be achieved under temperature-induced annealing, but also the occurrence of facets was observed and characterized. Further, we report on quasi-periodic arrangements of crack defects which evolve due to thermal stress under cooling. While these might impair some applicational endeavours, they may also present crystallographically well-oriented nano-templates of bulk-like properties for advanced approaches.
DEFECTIVE ENDOSPERM-D1 (Dee-D1) is crucial for endosperm development in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Tikhenko Natalia , Alqudah Ahmad M. , Borisjuk Lioudmilla , Ortleb Stefan , Rutten Twan , Wu DanDan , Nagel Manuela , Himmelbach Axel , Mascher Martin , Röder Marion S. , Ganal Martin W. , Sehmisch Stefanie , Houben Andreas , Börner Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a natural allopolyploid and provides a usable model system to better understand the genetic mechanisms that underlie allopolyploid speciation through the hybrid genome doubling. Here we aimed to identify the contribution of chromosome 1D in the development and evolution of hexaploid wheat. We identified and mapped a novel DEFECTIVE ENDOSPERM–D1 (Dee-D1) locus on 1DL that is involved in the genetic control of endosperm development. The absence of Dee-D1 leads to non-viable grains in distant crosses and alters grain shape, which negatively affects grain number and thousand-grain weight. Dee-D1 can be classified as speciation locus with a positive effect on the function of genes which are involved in endosperm development in hybrid genomes. The presence of Dee-D1 is necessary for the normal development of endosperm, and thus play an important role in the evolution and improvement of grain yield in hexaploid wheat.
Was bringt Public Reporting von Qualitätsdaten?
Authors: Tobler Stephan , Stummer Harald 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungZielsetzung Public Reporting (PR) von Qualitätsdaten gehört zu modernen Gesundheitssystemen. Jedoch zeigen aktuelle Reviews, dass der Nutzen begrenzt ist. Mit dem Nationalen Verein für Qualitätsentwicklung in Spitälern und Kliniken (ANQ) hat man auch in der Schweiz ein Messprogramm etabliert. Er misst in den stationären Sektoren unter anderem die Patientenzufriedenheit. Insbesondere bei den Leistungserbringern interessieren die Verhaltensstrategien auf solche Initiativen, da man idealerweise von einer Übernahme ins interne Qualitätsmanagement ausgeht.Methodik Semistrukturierte Interviewstudie von Seniormanagern in Deutschschweizer Rehabilitationskliniken unter Berücksichtigung des Neo-Institutionalismus.Ergebnisse Seniormanager wenden eine Fülle von Verhaltensstrategien an, wobei zustimmende und ablehnende Strategien gleichzeitig vorkommen.Schlussfolgerungen Externe Qualitätssicherungssysteme, wie der ANQ, führen nicht zwangsläufig zur Berücksichtigung für die interne Qualitätsarbeit. Vor allem lokale Faktoren scheinen erfolgskritisch für PR.
Aortic Thickness: A Forgotten Paradigm in Risk Stratification of Aortic Disease
Authors: Hardikar Ashutosh , Harle Robin , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed at risk-stratifying aortic dilatation using aortic wall thickness (AWT) and comparing methods of AWT assessment.
Methods Demographic, epidemiological, and perioperative data on 72 consecutive aortic surgeries (age = 62 years[standard deviation (SD) = 12] years) performed by a single surgeon were collected from hospital database. Aortic thickness was measured on computed tomography scans, as well as intraoperatively in four quadrants, at the level of aortic sinuses, as well as midascending aorta, using calipers. Aortic wall stress was calculated using standard mathematical formulae.
Results The ascending aorta was 48.2 (SD = 8) mm and the mean thickness at ascending aorta level was 1.9 (SD = 0.3) mm. There was congruence between imaging and intraoperative measurements of thickness, as well as between the radiologist and surgeon. Preoperatively, 16 patients had multiple imaging studies showing an average rate of growth of 1.2 mm per year without significant difference in thickness. The wider the aorta, the thinner was the lateral or convex wall. Aortic stenosis (p = 0.01), lateral to medial wall thickness ratio (p = 0.04), and history of hypertension (p = 0.00), all had protective effect on aortic root stress. The ascending aortic stress was directly affected by age (p = 0.03) and inversely related to lateral to medial wall thickness ratio (p = 0.03).
Conclusion Aortic thickness can be measured preoperatively and easily confirmed intraoperatively. Risk stratification based on both aortic thickness and diameter (stress calculations) would better predict acute aortic events in dilated aortas and define aortic resection criteria more objectively.
The Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Hemostatic Balance
Authors: Danese Elisa , Montagnana Martina , Gelati Matteo , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpigenetics, a term conventionally used to explain the intricate interplay between genes and the environment, is now regarded as the fundament of developmental biology. Several lines of evidence garnered over the past decades suggest that epigenetic alterations, mostly encompassing DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and generation of microRNAs, play an important, though still incompletely explored, role in both primary and secondary hemostasis. Epigenetic variations may interplay with platelet functions and their responsiveness to antiplatelet drugs, and they may also exert a substantial contribution in modulating the production and release into the bloodstream of proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. This emerging evidence may have substantial biological and clinical implications. An enhanced understanding of posttranscriptional mechanisms would help to clarify some remaining enigmatic issues in primary and secondary hemostasis, which cannot be thoughtfully explained by genetics or biochemistry alone. Increased understanding would also pave the way to developing innovative tests for better assessment of individual risk of bleeding or thrombosis. The accurate recognition of key epigenetic mechanisms in hemostasis would then contribute to identify new putative therapeutic targets, and develop innovative agents that could be helpful for preventing or managing a vast array of hemostasis disturbances.
Differential Diagnosis of Central Neurocytoma: Two Cases
Authors: Steinsiepe V.K , Frick H , Jochum W , Fournier J.Y 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCentral neurocytoma are rare primary brain tumors of the young and middle-aged adult, typically located in the lateral ventricles. Diagnosis has historically been difficult due to histomorphologic similarities to oligodendroglioma and ependymal tumors and remains a challenge even today. We present two cases of intraventricular central neurocytoma in which careful consideration of the clinical and radiological findings led to reevaluation of the preliminary histological interpretation, highlighting the importance of a meticulous differential diagnosis.
Mammalian molar complexity follows simple, predictable patterns
Authors: Selig Keegan R. , Khalid Waqqas , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Recent studies have sought simple developmental models to explain variation in complex structures like mammalian teeth. The inhibitory cascade model (ICM) provides an explanation for the “morphogenetic gradient” of molar size, where a balance between signaling molecules in developing teeth produces predictable, linear proportions across the molars. However, it is unknown if molar form (specifically complexity) can be explained by the ICM. We demonstrate that molar complexity follows a linear, predictable gradient along the molar row. Moreover, whether the pattern is of increasing or decreasing complexity moving from front to back is dependent on the animal’s diet. This study provides a developmental framework for explaining patterns of morphological complexity in molars and for testing developmental and ecological hypotheses in mammals.
Structural and molecular basis of cross-seeding barriers in amyloids
Authors: Daskalov Asen , Martinez Denis , Coustou Virginie , El Mammeri Nadia , Berbon Mélanie , Andreas Loren B. , Bardiaux Benjamin , Stanek Jan , Noubhani Abdelmajid , Kauffmann Brice , Wall Joseph S. , Pintacuda Guido , Saupe Sven J. , Habenstein Birgit , Loquet Antoine 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Amyloid folds, while performing functional roles in most domains of life, remain a key factor in the emergence and development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in humans. The significance of our study is twofold: first, by structurally characterizing highly divergent natural prion amyloids, we uncovered that functional amyloids can evolve in a regime of fold conservation, withstanding extreme sequence diversification. Second, we found that virtually identical amyloid backbone structures might not be sufficient for cross-seeding and that key side-chain positions could determine the seeding specificity of an amyloid fold. This work thus sheds light on the fundamental properties of a major category of pathogenic agents.
Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Oldenlandia corymbosa is a widespread polymorphic weed with a pantropical distribution. It is fast-growing and can rapidly colonize disturbed areas, open sites, gardens, farmlands, forest edges, grasslands, roadsides and riverbanks. O. corymbosa also produces large volumes of tiny seeds that can be easily dispersed by water, animals and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce. Its weedy habit, preference for disturbed sites and tiny seeds all facilitate its spread and colonization of new habitats.
Gmelina arborea (candahar).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Due to its rapid growth rate, G. arborea is a tree which has been widely used in reforestation programs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and as a source of commercial timber and cellulose (Dvorak, 2004; Rojas-Rodríguez et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2005; USDA-ARS, 2016). This species produces large numbers of fertile fruits that are easily dispersed by birds and bats, spreading seedlings quite far from the parent tree (Orwa et al., 2009). In this way, G. arborea has escaped from plantations and entered wild habitats where it is now replacing native trees and becoming invasive (IUCN, 2013). Currently, it is listed as invasive in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Australia and the Cook Islands (Chacón and Saborío, 2012; Mir, 2012; IUCN, 2013; PIER, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). It is also separately reported as invasive in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia.
Current status of neutron electric dipole moment experiments
Authors: Martin J.W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
New precise measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) are strongly motivated by the tight constraints they will place on new sources of CP violation. A number of experiments are commencing in the next few years that aim to reduce the experimental uncertainty on the nEDM by more than an order of magnitude. The experiments pursue a variety of complementary techniques. The TUCAN (TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron) EDM experiment is one such experiment which combines a spallation-driven superthermal He-II source of ultracold neutrons with a room-temperature nEDM spectrometer.
The surprising heavy hadrons production in pp and AA collisions: hadronization within coalescence and fragmentation
Authors: Minissale Vincenzo , Plumari Salvatore , Coci Gabriele , Galesi Giuseppe , Greco Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The hadronization process of heavy hadrons with bottom and charm quarks, especially for baryons Λ
c
and Λ
b
, in a dense QGP medium is largely not understood. We present within a coalescence plus fragmentation model the predictions for D
0, Ds, Λ
c
, B and Λ
b
spectra and the related baryon to meson ratios at RHIC and LHC in a wide range of transverse momentum region up to 10 GeV, moreover we show the effect of the hadronization mechanism which plays a fundamental role to describe simultaneously the experimental data for the nuclear suppression factor RAA
and the elliptic flow υ
2(pT) of heavy hadrons from RHIC to LHC energies. In particular, we show the considerable change of the Nuclear modification factor of D mesons due to the large Ac production, explaining the RAA
(pT) < 1 observed by STAR at low momenta. We will discuss how our model can naturally predict values of the order of O(1) for Λ
c
/D
0 as recently measured at both RHIC and LHC, and we present the novel predictions for Λ
b
/B not yet measured, which are much larger than the expectations from fragmentation. Moreover assuming that ar the LHC top energies there can be the formation of QGP, we show that in the same scheme due to considerable volume effect a still large Λ
c
/D
0 ≈ 0.5 is predicted as seen by ALICE in pp and pA collisions Furthermore in the same scheme can be predicted a baryon to meson ratio Λ
c
/D
0 in pp collisions assuming that at the LHC top energies there can be the formation of QGP matter. The results show a considerable volume effects that significantly reduce the ratios, but still predict quite larger values with respect to fragmentation, in agreement with recent data from ALICE in pp collisions.
Neutrino-nucleus reactions and their role in supernova nucleosynthesis
Authors: Langanke K. , Martínez-Pinedo G. , Sieverding A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neutrino reactions on nuclei play important roles for the dynamics of supernovae and their associated nucleosynthesis. This manuscript summarizes the current status in deriving the relevant cross sections for supernova neutrinos and discusses the importance of neutrino-nucleus reactions for supernova nucleosynthesis. In particular we report on the first study of neutrino nucleosynthesis which consistently considers time-dependent spectra for all neutrino flavors as predicted by supernova simulations.
Experimental programme with high-brilliance gamma beams at ELI-NP
Authors: Balabanski Dimiter L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The emerging experimental program with brilliant gamma beams at the Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility is presented with emphasis on the day-one experiments which are under preparation. Experiments at ELI-NP will cover nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements, studies of large-amplitude motions in nuclei, photo-fission and photonuclear reactions of astrophysics interest, and measurements of photonuclear reaction cross-sections. The physics cases of the flagship experiments at ELI-NP and the performance of the related instruments, which are under construction for their realization, are discussed.
Development of a photoionisation spectrometer for detection of atmospheric 85Kr
Authors: Perrett H A , Cooper B S , Edwards G E , Flanagan K T , Ricketts C M , Alsufyani S , Dowd N , Shah A-A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A higher than baseline atmospheric concentration of the radioactive fission product 85Kr is considered to be the best indicator of clandestine plutonium separation. Additionally, its high volatility makes it suitable for detecting leaks in nuclear waste containers and damaged fuel cladding. A spectrometer for ultra-trace analysis is currently under development and will be optimised for atmospheric monitoring of 85Kr. This device is based on an adapted form of collinear resonance ionisation spectroscopy, a technique developed at ISOLDE-CERN for performing precision measurements on exotic nuclei. The motivation for this device is explored, along with an overview of progress and future developments.