bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tilted outer and inner structures in edge-on galaxies?
Authors: Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Smirnov Anton A , Sil’chenko Olga K , Rich R Michael , Reshetnikov Vladimir P , Kormendy John 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Tilted and warped discs inside tilted dark matter haloes are predicted from numerical and semi-analytical studies. In this paper, we use deep imaging to demonstrate the likely existence of tilted outer structures in real galaxies. We consider two SB0 edge-on galaxies, NGC 4469 and NGC 4452, which exhibit apparent tilted outer discs with respect to the inner structure. In NGC 4469, this structure has a boxy shape, inclined by ΔPA ≈ 3° with respect to the inner disc, whereas NGC 4452 harbours a discy outer structure with ΔPA ≈ 6°. In spite of the different shapes, both structures have surface brightness profiles close to exponential and make a large contribution (∼30 per cent) to the total galaxy luminosity. In the case of NGC 4452, we propose that its tilted disc likely originates from a former fast tidal encounter (probably with IC 3381). For NGC 4469, a plausible explanation may also be galaxy harassment, which resulted in a tilted or even a tumbling dark matter halo. A less likely possibility is accretion of gas-rich satellites several Gyr ago. New deep observations may potentially reveal more such galaxies with tilted outer structures, especially in clusters. We also consider galaxies, mentioned in the literature, where a central component (a bar or a bulge) is tilted with respect to the stellar disc. According to our numerical simulations, one of the plausible explanations of such observed ‘tilts’ of the bulge/bar is a projection effect due to a not exactly edge-on orientation of the galaxy coupled with a skew angle of the triaxial bulge/bar.
Gaia white dwarfs within 40 pc – I. Spectroscopic observations of new candidates
Authors: Tremblay P-E , Hollands M A , Gentile Fusillo N P , McCleery J , Izquierdo P , Gänsicke B T , Cukanovaite E , Koester D , Brown W R , Charpinet S , Cunningham T , Farihi J , Giammichele N , van Grootel V , Hermes J J , Hoskin M J , Jordan S , Kepler S O , Kleinman S J , Manser C J , Marsh T R , de Martino D , Nitta A , Parsons S G , Pelisoli I , Raddi R , Rebassa-Mansergas A , Ren J-J , Schreiber M R , Silvotti R , Toloza O , Toonen S , Torres S 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a spectroscopic survey of 230 white dwarf candidates within 40 pc of the Sun from the William Herschel Telescope and Gran Telescopio Canarias. All candidates were selected from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and in almost all cases, had no prior spectroscopic classifications. We find a total of 191 confirmed white dwarfs and 39 main-sequence star contaminants. The majority of stellar remnants in the sample are relatively cool (〈Teff〉 = 6200 K), showing either hydrogen Balmer lines or a featureless spectrum, corresponding to 89 DA and 76 DC white dwarfs, respectively. We also recover two DBA white dwarfs and 9–10 magnetic remnants. We find two carbon-bearing DQ stars and 14 new metal-rich white dwarfs. This includes the possible detection of the first ultra-cool white dwarf with metal lines. We describe three DZ stars for which we find at least four different metal species, including one that is strongly Fe- and Ni-rich, indicative of the accretion of a planetesimal with core-Earth composition. We find one extremely massive (1.31 ± 0.01 M⊙) DA white dwarf showing weak Balmer lines, possibly indicating stellar magnetism. Another white dwarf shows strong Balmer line emission but no infrared excess, suggesting a low-mass sub-stellar companion. A high spectroscopic completeness (&gt;99 per cent) has now been reached for Gaia DR2 sources within 40-pc sample, in the Northern hemisphere (δ &gt; 0°) and located on the white dwarf cooling track in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. A statistical study of the full northern sample is presented in a companion paper.
Higher Germline Mutagenesis of Genes with Stronger Testis Expressions Refutes the Transcriptional Scanning Hypothesis
Authors: Liu Haoxuan , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhy are more genes expressed in the testis than in any other organ in mammals? The recently proposed transcriptional scanning hypothesis posits that transcription alleviates mutagenesis through transcription-coupled repair so has been selected in the testis to modulate the germline mutation rate in a gene-specific manner. Here, we show that this hypothesis is theoretically untenable because the selection would be too weak to have an effect in mammals. Furthermore, the analysis purported to support the hypothesis did not control known confounding factors and inappropriately excluded genes with no observed de novo mutations. After remedying these problems, we find the human germline mutation rate of a gene to rise with its testis expression level. This trend also exists for inferred coding strand-originated mutations, suggesting that it arises from transcription-associated mutagenesis. Furthermore, the testis expression level of a gene robustly correlates with its overall expression in other organs, nullifying the need to explain the testis silencing of a minority of genes by adaptive germline mutagenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that human testis transcription increases the germline mutation rate, rejecting the transcriptional scanning hypothesis of extensive gene expressions in the mammalian testis.
Intervention during the first 1000 days in Mexico
Authors: Estrada-Gutiérrez Guadalupe , Zambrano Elena , Polo-Oteyza Ernestina , Cardona-Pérez Arturo , Vadillo-Ortega Felipe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHealth systems and society are facing the growing problem of obesity and its accompanying comorbidities. New approaches to reduce these problems must be oriented to population groups in which long-lasting effects of interventions may occur. Biological processes occurring during the first 1000 days of life, which may be modulated by environmental modifications and result in phenotypes with differential risk for noncommunicable chronic disease, constitute an opportunity for interventions. The nutritional and general health conditions of pregnant women and the fetus, as well as toddlers, can be improved with interventions during the first 1000 days, offering pregnancy care, promoting breastfeeding, instructing on the use of complementary foods, and educating on the adequacy of the family dietary patterns for children. Evidence that interventions during this period result in promotion of children’s growth and development, influencing the risk for development of obesity in infancy, is available. In this article, an ongoing program in Mexico City directed to offer continuum of care during the first 1000 days is described.
Use of plasma-free amino acids as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk
Authors: Nagao Kenji , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews developments regarding the use of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. This work was initiated and first published in 2006 and was subsequently developed by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. After commercialization in 2011, PFAA-based tests were adopted in over 1500 clinics and hospitals in Japan, and numerous clinician-led studies have been performed to validate these tests. Evidence is accumulating that PFAA profiles can be used for diabetes prediction and evaluation of frailty; in particular, decreased plasma essential amino acids could contribute to the pathophysiology of severe frailty. Integration of PFAA evaluation as a biomarker and effective essential amino acid supplementation, which improves physical and mental functions in the elderly, could facilitate the development of precision nutrition, including personalized solutions. This present review provides the background for the technology as well as more recent clinical findings, and offers future possibilities regarding the implementation of precision nutrition.
Population strategy for promoting physical activity
Authors: Kamada Masamitsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Physical inactivity is a globally prevalent phenomenon even though the health benefits of physical activity are well-known. The development of population strategies that effectively promote physical activity is necessary to reduce the individual and social burden of physical inactivity. Quality evidence informing strategies to promote physical activity at scale, however, is limited. Among cluster randomized trials examining the effectiveness of multistrategic, community-wide interventions aimed at promoting physical activity, only 1 trial (the COMMUNICATE study) successfully achieved a population-level increase in physical activity. This trial adopted social marketing techniques and network intervention (eg, word of mouth) in close collaboration with the target population (community residents). Although most previous studies ended their interventions within 1 to 3 years, the COMMUNICATE study took 5 years to achieve a population-level increase in physical activity. These findings suggest the need for a more focused approach (1 behavior at a time) as a basic marketing principle. Promoting physical activity at scale is a tough challenge but not impossible. Sophisticated approaches are necessary.
Long-Lasting (65 Ma) Regionally Contrasting Late- to Post-Orogenic Variscan Mantle-derived Potassic Magmatism in the Bohemian Massif
Authors: Krmíček Lukáš , Romer Rolf L , Timmerman Martin J , Ulrych Jaromír , Glodny Johannes , Přichystal Antonín , Sudo Masafumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The orogenic development after the continental collision between Laurussia and Gondwana, led to two contrasting associations of mantle-derived magmatic rocks on the territory of the Bohemian Massif: (i) a 340–310 Ma lamprophyre-lamproite orogenic association; and (ii) a 300–275 Ma lamprophyre association of anorogenic affinity. Major types of potassic mantle-derived magmatic rocks recognized in the orogenic and anorogenic associations include: (i) calc-alkaline to alkaline lamprophyres; (ii) alkaline ‘orthopyroxene minettes’ and geochemically related rocks grouped here under the new term lampyrite; and (iii) peralkaline lamproites. These three types significantly differ with respect to mineral, whole-rock and Sr–Nd–Pb–Li isotope composition and spatial distribution. The calc-alkaline lamprophyres occur throughout the entire Saxo-Thuringian and Moldanubian zones, whereas the different types of malte-derived potassic rocks are spatially restricted to particular zones. Rocks of the Carboniferous lamprophyre-lamproite orogenic association are characterized by variable negative εNd(i) and variably radiogenic Sr(i), whereas the rocks of the Permian lamprophyre association of anorogenic affinity are characterized by positive εNd(i) and relatively young depleted-mantle Nd-model ages reflecting increasing input from upwelling asthenospheric mantle. The small variation in the Pb isotopic composition of post-collisional potassic mantle-derived magmatic rocks (of both the orogenic and anorogenic series) implies that the Pb budget of the mantle beneath the Bohemian Massif is dominated by the same crust-derived material, which itself may include material derived from several sources. The source rocks of ‘orthopyroxene minettes’ are characterized by isotopically light (‘eclogitic’) Li and strongly radiogenic (crustal) Sr and may have been metasomatized by high-pressure fluids along the edge of a subduction zone. In contrast, the strongly Al2O3 and CaO depleted mantle source of the lamproites is characterized by isotopically heavy Li and high SiO2 and extreme K2O contents. This mantle source may have been metasomatized predominantly by melts. The mantle source of the lamprophyres may have undergone metasomatism by both fluids and melts.
Critical Plural Logic†
Authors: Florio Salvatore , Linnebo Øystein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
What is the relation between some things and the set of these things? Mathematical practice does not provide a univocal answer. On the one hand, it relies on ordinary plural talk, which is implicitly committed to a traditional form of plural logic. On the other hand, mathematical practice favors a liberal view of definitions which entails that traditional plural logic must be restricted. We explore this predicament and develop a “critical” alternative to traditional plural logic.
Impact of overweight and obesity on patient-reported health-related quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gomez Alvaro , Hani Butrus Fawz , Johansson Petter , Åkerström Emil , Soukka Sofia , Emamikia Sharzad , Enman Yvonne , Pettersson Susanne , Parodis Ioannis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Associations between BMI and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in SLE have been implied, but data are scarce. We determined the impact of overweight and obesity on HRQoL in a large SLE population.

Methods
We pooled cross-sectional baseline data from the BLISS-52 (NCT00424476) and BLISS-76 (NCT00410384) trials (N = 1684). HRQoL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue scale and the European Quality of Life 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Comparisons between BMI groups were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and adjustments using linear regression. Clinical relevance was determined by minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs).

Results
In total, 43.2% of the patients had BMI above normal and 17.4% were obese. Overweight and obese patients reported worse SF-36 physical component summary (PCS), physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain and FACIT-Fatigue scores than normal weight patients. Divergences were greater than corresponding MCIDs and more prominent with increasing BMI. Despite no clinically important difference in SF-36 mental component summary scores across BMI categories, patients experienced progressively diminished vitality and social functioning with increasing BMI. In linear regression analysis, BMI above normal and obesity were associated with worse PCS (standardized coefficient β = −0.10, P &lt; 0.001 and β = −0.17, P &lt; 0.001, respectively), FACIT-Fatigue (β = −0.11, P &lt; 0.001 and β = −0.16, P &lt; 0.001) and EQ-5D (β = −0.08, P = 0.001 and β = −0.12, P &lt; 0.001) scores, independently of demographic and disease-related factors. The impact of BMI on the PCS and FACIT-Fatigue was more pronounced than that of SLE activity.

Conclusion
Patients with SLE and BMI above normal experienced clinically important HRQoL diminutions in physical aspects, fatigue and social functioning. A survey of potential causality underlying this association is warranted.
In Defense of Intra-Sectarian Divide: Street Mobilization, Coalition Formation, and Rapid Realignments of Sectarian Boundaries in Lebanon
Authors: Majed Rima 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the rapid transformations in the salience of sectarian boundaries despite seemingly deeply entrenched polarization. Lebanon provides an interesting case study where sectarian dichotomies moved relatively quickly from a predominantly “Christian–Muslim” divide to a more recent “Sunni–Shia” split within the context of tumultuous street mobilizations. While this sectarian dichotomy is resonant with the regional intra-Muslim divide, its local dynamics and mechanisms remain unknown. Based on recent literature pointing to street mobilization as an important channel for ethnic politics, this article focuses on co-mobilization—or coalition formation in protests—as a mechanism of sectarianization. It builds on an original and exclusive protest event catalogue (2000–2010), network analysis, and in-depth interview to ask: how does the salience of sectarian dichotomies shift in tandem with transformations in street politics? Through an analysis of momentous street mobilizations and coalition formations, the article traces how sectarian and political fault-lines are (re-)drawn and crystalized. The findings suggest that sectarian polarization emerges when political parties (re-)alignments overlap with the boundaries of sectarian cleavages, thus allowing interchangeability between political and sectarian categories. Contrary to common belief, this finding indicates that intra-sectarian political unity—rather than inter-sectarian divisions—shapes the processes of sectarianization and polarization.
Kin Support of the Black Middle Class: Negotiating Need, Norms, and Class Background
Authors: Hill Jasmine D 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn comparison to middle-class Whites, middle-class African Americans disproportionately provide financial support to their low-income family members. Evidence suggests that this practice is both essential for its low-income recipients and economically detrimental for Black middle-class givers. Scholars often oversimplify Black middle-class identity by describing kin support as motivated solely by racial identity. Gathering insight from 41 in-depth interviews, this article interrogates the conditions under which, despite their financial own vulnerability, middle-class Black families offer kin support. This study explores variations in Black middle-class racial ideology and observes how other dimensions of identity, such as class background, influence attitudes and decision-making towards family. This article demonstrates how socioeconomic background shapes the ways the Black middle class negotiates expectations of kin support and details three kin support approaches as either strategies for social mobility, tools reserved for short-term lending, or opportunities to repay unsettled childhood debts. This work contributes to our understanding of how the Black community deploys kin support, illuminates how the Black middle class makes sense of racial norms around giving, and centers class background in our intersectional understanding of identity.
The Medieval Origins of Smithian Growth: The Proliferation of Occupations and Commodities in Japan, 1261–1638
Authors: SAITO Osamu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile early-modernists tend to believe that the period around 1600 saw a structural break in Japan’s economic history, research by medievalists since the mid-1970s has suggested that a market economy was on the rise from the 14th century onwards. This article examines several listings of occupations and commodities compiled between the 13th and the early 17th centuries to see if a proliferation of non-agricultural activities was underway before c.1600. As Adam Smith envisaged, the separation of one productive activity from another, i.e. an increasing division of labour, will lead to economic growth. Since this type of market-led change, often called Smithian growth, has been considered an ‘early modern’ phenomenon by economic historians, it is worth examining if there were signs of an increasing division of labour in late medieval Japan. The article’s findings indicate that some signs of occupational and product differentiation appeared by the 16th century. As far as Smithian growth is concerned, therefore, the article concludes that there was some degree of continuity between the medieval and the early modern periods.
Disparate Disruptions: Intersectional COVID-19 Employment Effects by Age, Gender, Education, and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Moen Phyllis , Pedtke Joseph H , Flood Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
These are unprecedented times, as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupts public health, social interaction, and employment attachments. Evidence to date has been about broad shifts in unemployment rates as a percent of the labor force. We draw on monthly Current Population Survey data to examine subpopulation changes in employment states across the life course, from January through April 2020. COVID-19 downturns produced disparate life-course impacts. There are increases in unemployment and being out of the workforce at all ages, but especially among young adults, with young women most at risk. Intersectional analyses document conjoint life-course vulnerabilities by gender, educational attainment, and race/ethnicity. For example, Black men aged 20–29 with a college degree experienced a 12.4 percentage point increase in being not in the labor force for other reasons (NILF-other). Individuals with less than a college degree in their 50s and 60s were more likely to become unemployed, regardless of race. And more non-college-educated Asian men in their 60s and 70s reported being retired (6.6 and 8.9 percentage point increases, respectively). Repercussions from the pandemic may well challenge assumptions and possibilities for older adults’ working longer.
For Whom the Pandemic Tolls: A Person-Centric Analysis of Older Workers
Authors: Kanfer Ruth , Lyndgaard Sibley F , Tatel Corey E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We offer a worker-centric perspective on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the aging workforce. We briefly describe 3 broad characteristics of pandemics—mortality salience, isolation from the workplace, and rising unemployment—in terms of their associated pathways of influence on older workers, and recommendations for future research.
Impact of L4/5 Posterior Interbody Fusion With or Without Decompression on Spinopelvic Alignment and Health-related Quality-of-Life Outcomes
Authors: Lugue Marvin Karlo T. , Watanabe Kei , Yamazaki Akiyoshi , Izumi Tomohiro , Tashi Hideki , Wakasugi Masashi , Katsumi Keiichi , Ohashi Masayuki , Endo Naoto 
Published: July 2020

Study Design:
This was a retrospective case control study.

Objective:
The objective was to determine the impact of single-level interbody fusion at L4/5 with or without concomitant decompression on various spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
Recently, focus has swayed from a regional concern to a global sagittal alignment, more comprehensive approach in multilevel, corrective fusion for adult spinal deformity. However, only a few comprehensive studies have investigated the relationships between the various related spinopelvic parameters and HRQOL outcomes using single-level interbody fusion.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 119 patients with lumbar degenerative disorders (mean age, 68 y; 38 males and 81 females) who underwent L4/5 single-level posterior interbody fusion with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative sagittal modifiers of the SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification. The correlation between spinopelvic parameters and HRQOL outcomes was investigated. Negative or positive values indicated lordosis. HRQOL outcomes were assessed using visual analog scale scores, Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaires (JOABPEQ), and short form-36 (SF-36).

Results:
L4/5 local lordosis increased from 6.4±4.4 degrees preoperatively to 11.3±4.5 degrees at 2 years postoperatively (P<0.0001). Further analysis of the results also showed a correlation between change in L4/5 local lordosis and change in lumbar lordosis (LL) (r
s=0.229, P=0.0143). The high pelvic incidence-LL (≥20 degrees, n=28) and high sagittal vertical axis groups (≥5 cm, n=29) had lower scores in walking ability, social life domains of JOABPEQ, and physical component summary scores of SF-36 preoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively. Fusion status did not affect the HRQOL outcomes, except that concomitant decompression at the adjacent disk level yielded lower SF-36 physical component summary scores 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Improvement in L4/5 local lordosis possibly triggers a simultaneous sequence of change in total LL after posterior single-level fusion. HRQOL outcomes were negatively affected by both preoperative and postoperative pelvic incidence-LL mismatch and global sagittal malalignment.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.