bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Fluid Assessment in Haemodialysis: Development and Validation of A Decision Aid
Authors: Stenberg Jenny , Keane David , Lindberg Magnus , Furuland Hans 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundAbout a third of patients undergoing haemodialysis have poorly controlled fluid status, which may affect survival. Clinical assessment is subjective and imprecise, which has led to the increasing use of devices based on bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). However, BIS cannot provide a simple target applicable to all patients. Our aim was to develop and validate a decision aid combining clinical assessment of fluid status with information from BIS in target weight determination.MethodsThe decision aid was based on empirical experience and a literature review identifying physiological parameters already used in the clinical assessment of fluid status. Content validity was established by patient representatives, interdisciplinary stakeholders and external experts, who assessed item relevance and comprehensiveness. Reliability was assessed by inter‐rater agreement analysis between nurses assessing typical patient cases.ResultsThe decision aid for Recognition and Correction of Volume Alterations (RECOVA) consists of three parts (1) a scoring system; (2) thresholds and triggers; (3) a decision aid algorithm. Agreement between raters in the assessment of symptoms was almost perfect, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.90. Agreement in clinical response was only fair, but increased to moderate, with training and self‐reported confidence.ConclusionRECOVA may enable systematic clinical assessment of fluid status, facilitating early recognition of fluid alterations, and incorporation of bioimpedance into target weight management. However, implementation into clinical practice will require training of staff. Clinical intervention studies are required to evaluate if RECOVA facilitates response to and correction of recognised fluid alterations.
A two‐enzyme constituted mixture to improve the degradation of Arthrospira platensis microalga cell wall for monogastric diets
Authors: Coelho Diogo , Lopes Paula A. , Cardoso Vânia , Ponte Patrícia , Brás Joana , Madeira Marta S. , Alfaia Cristina M. , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Fontes Carlos M. G. A. , Prates José A. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to test a rational combination of pre‐selected carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) and sulphatases, individually or in combination, in order to evaluate its capacity to disrupt Arthrospira platensis cell wall, allowing the release of its valuable nutritional bioactive compounds. By the end, a two‐enzyme constituted mixture (Mix), composed by a lysozyme and a α‐amylase, was incubated with A. platensis suspension. The microalga cell wall disruption was evaluated through the amount of reducing sugars released from the cell wall complemented with the oligosaccharide profile by HPLC. An increase of the amount of reducing sugars up to 2.42 g/L in microalgae treated with the Mix relative to no treatment (p < .05), as well as a 7‐fold increase of oligosaccharides amount (p < .001), were obtained. With resort of fluorescence microscopy, a 36% reduction of fluorescence intensity (p < .001) was observed using Calcofluor White staining. In the supernatant, the Mix caused a 1.34‐fold increase in protein content (p = .018) relative to the control. Similarly, n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = .007), in particular 18:2n‐6 (p = .016), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = .049) and chlorophyll a (p = .025) contents were higher in the supernatant of microalgae treated with the enzyme mixture in relation to the control. Taken together, these results point towards the disclosure of a novel two‐enzyme mixture able to partial degrade A. platensis cell wall, improving its nutrients bioavailability for monogastric diets with the cost‐effective advantage use of microalgae in animal feed industry.
Investigating Supported Decision‐Making for Persons With Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability Using Institutional Ethnography
Authors: Devi Nandini , Prodinger Birgit , Pennycott Andrew , Sooben Roja , Bickenbach Jerome 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaking one's own choices is an important part of leading a fulfilling life within society. However, people with IDs often face significant obstacles when making their own decisions. Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) aims to ensure firstly that people with IDs and others with compromised capacity are nonetheless recognized as legal individuals, and secondly that assistance is provided in the form of supported decision‐making in order to exercise this resulting legal capacity. It is unclear whether current national legislation in any country satisfies these requirements in practice. This study utilizes institutional ethnography to reveal how decision‐making is coordinated in practice for people with mild to moderate IDs living in supported residential environments in England, and to determine whether these processes are compliant with Article 12 of the CRPD. Data collection was based on observations, semi‐structured interviews, and documentary analysis, involving 29 participants including people with mild to moderate IDs. The results point to the complexity of supported decision‐making and identify three main categories of decision‐making: spontaneous decisions, mid‐term decisions, and strategic decisions. The data also show that people with mild to moderate IDs are able to exercise their legal capacity through support decision‐making in their everyday life. Immediate and informal supported decision‐making exists in daily practice for people with mild to moderate IDs living in supported residential environments. Although there are structures in place for implementing supported decision‐making, various barriers persist that limit the overall efficacy and consistency of the realization of supported decision‐making, for example, multiple use of mental capacity assessments. Such practices move away from the supported decision‐making model toward substituted decision‐making.
Validity, potential clinical utility and comparison of a consumer activity tracker and a research‐grade activity tracker in insomnia disorder II: Outside the laboratory
Authors: Hamill Kellie , Jumabhoy Ria , Kahawage Piyumi , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Walters Elizabeth M , Drummond Sean P. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate assessment of sleep can be fundamental for monitoring, managing and evaluating treatment outcomes within diseases. A proliferation of consumer activity trackers gives easy access to objective sleep. We evaluated the performance of a commercial device (Fitbit Alta HR) relative to a research‐grade actigraph (Actiwatch Spectrum Pro) in measuring sleep before and after a cognitive behavioural intervention in insomnia disorder. Twenty‐five individuals with DSM‐5 insomnia disorder (M = 50.6 ± 15.9 years) wore Fitbit and Actiwatch and completed a sleep diary during an in‐laboratory polysomnogram, and for 1 week preceding and following seven weekly sessions of cognitive‐behavioural intervention for insomnia. Device performance was compared for sleep outcomes (total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset). The analyses assessed (a) agreement between devices across days and pre‐ to post‐treatment, and (b) whether pre‐ to post‐treatment changes in sleep assessed by devices correlated with clinical measures of change. Devices generally did not significantly differ from each other on sleep variable estimates, either night to night, in response to sleep manipulation (pre‐ to post‐treatment) or in response to changes in environment (in the laboratory versus at home). Change in sleep measures across time from each device showed some correlation with common clinical measures of change in insomnia, but not insomnia diagnosis as a categorical variable. Overall, the Fitbit provides similar estimates of sleep outside the laboratory to a research grade actigraph. Despite the similarity between Fitbit and Actiwatch performance, the use of consumer technology is still in its infancy and caution should be taken in its interpretation.
Beyond the Brain: Intercorporeality and Co‐Operative Action for SLA Studies
Authors: ATKINSON DWIGHT 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the cognitivist era is over in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) studies. This critical review essay (a) questions this assumption, (b) presents alternative views from beyond the field to help it move in a noncognitivist direction, and (c) discusses prospects for a noncognitivist future in SLA studies. I begin by briefly reviewing the history of cognitivism, by which I mean a mind/brain‐centric view of human existence and behavior. I then argue that SLA studies remain under cognitivist influence. Next, I review 2 recent books that offer strong theoretical and empirical bases for studying the embodied, affective, social, and ecological nature of human action, including learning and teaching. The first book, Meyer, Streeck, and Jordan's (2017) co‐edited Intercorporeality, explores the consequences of being a body in a world of other such bodies, versus the cognitivist vision of disembodied mind/brain. The second book, Goodwin's (2018a) Co‐operative Action, develops and empirically illustrates a theory of social action wherein heterogeneous, multimodal cultural tools and practices including language combine, accumulate, and transform in moment‐to‐moment use. Both books view human existence and action as fundamentally “ecosocial”—embodied, affective, and adaptive to human and nonhuman environments—yet they differ markedly in content and implications. Goodwin's painstaking empirical analyses, for instance, including of teaching and learning, show co‐operative action unfolding in real time. I conclude by discussing current developments in SLA studies that point toward a noncognitive future for the field.
Two cases of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw with extension to the cranial base
Authors: Yoshizawa Y. , Tomita R. , Kitamura N. , Yamamoto T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is no established treatment for medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Advanced MRONJ of the maxilla dose not cure with conservative treatment, and progression may cause neurological symptoms. We herein report two cases in which MRONJ of the maxilla spread to the skull base despite conservative treatment, causing abducens paralysis in one case and hydrocephalus in the second. Case 1: A 50‐year‐old woman who received denosumab for 2 years for multiple bone metastases of breast cancer developed MRONJ in the left maxilla after tooth extraction. MRONJ of the maxillae can progress to the skull and may cause neurological symptoms. Abducens paralysis developed for MRONJ. Magnetic resonance images revealed narrowing of the internal carotid artery and necrosis of the sphenoid bone and clivus. Sequestrectomy was performed. Two weeks after surgery, abducens paralysis resolved. Magnetic resonance imaging 3 months after surgery showed improvement of internal carotid artery narrowing. Case 2: A 73‐year‐old woman who received zoledronic acid for 2 years for multiple bone metastases of breast cancer developed MRONJ in the left maxilla that spread broadly despite conservative treatment. Sequestrectomy was planned, but the patient developed altered consciousness and a stiff neck; ventricular enlargement was observed on magnetic resonance images of the brain. We diagnosed hydrocephalus resulting from bacterial meningitis caused by MRONJ; ventricular drainage was performed. After drainage followed by 2 weeks of antibiotics, the sequestrum was removed. These cases suggest that some patients with maxillary MRONJ might not respond to conservative therapy and the need for early surgical intervention should be considered in order to reduce the risk of necrosis progressing and the associated infection spreading to the base of skull.
Morphological disparity in theropod jaws: comparing discrete characters and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Schaeffer Joep , Benton Michael J. , Rayfield Emily J. , Stubbs Thomas L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisparity, the diversity of form and function of organisms, can be assessed from cladistic or phenetic characters, and from discrete characters or continuous characters such as landmarks, outlines, or ratios. But do these different methods of assessing disparity provide comparable results? Here we provide evidence that all metrics correlate significantly with each other and capture similar patterns of morphological variation. We compare three methods of capturing morphological disparity (discrete characters, geometric morphometric outlines and geometric morphometric landmarks) in coelurosaurian dinosaurs. We standardize our study by focusing all our metrics on the mandible, so avoiding the risk of confounding disparity methods with anatomical coverage of the taxa. The correlation is strongest between the two geometric morphometric methods, and weaker between the morphometric methods and the discrete characters. By using phylogenetic simulations of discrete character and geometric morphometric data sets, we show that the strength of these correlations is significantly greater than expected from the evolution of random data under Brownian motion. All disparity metrics confirm that Maniraptoriformes had the highest disparity of all coelurosaurians, and omnivores and herbivores had higher disparity than carnivores.
Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield‐related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Yi Qiang , Liu Yinghong , Hou Xianbin , Zhang Xiangge , Zhang Junjie , Liu Hanmei , Hu Yufeng , Yu Guowu , Li Yangping , Wang Yongbin , Huang Yubi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAverage maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high‐density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield‐related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield‐related traits responded differently to high‐density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2‐2, were identified across low‐ and high‐density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3‐3, qRN7‐2, qRN9‐2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9‐1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low‐ and high‐density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield‐related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield‐related traits for high‐density tolerance.
Feeling activated and acting unethically: The influence of activated mood on unethical behavior to benefit a teammate
Authors: Umphress Elizabeth E. , Gardner Richard G. , Stoverink Adam C. , Leavitt Keith 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on the effects of mood in organizations tends to focus on the valence dimension of mood (positive vs. negative), overlooking the activation dimension (activated vs. deactivated). We suggest that activation level prompts unethical behavior. Based on the affective infusion model (AIM; Forgas, 1995), we predict that positive activated and negative activated moods facilitate unethical behavior to benefit a teammate, via the mediating mechanism of a creative mindset. We test our full model using an experience sampling method over 2 weeks, in which mood and creative mindset were assessed in the morning and unethical behavior conducted that day was assessed in the evening. We found that activated moods (both positive and negative) were positively related to unethical behavior to benefit a teammate. Further, creative mindset mediated the relationship between positive activated mood and unethical behavior to benefit a teammate. Consistent with AIM's claim that mood should influence decisions more when they are not personally relevant, we found that moral disengagement propensity moderated this indirect effect. In addition, we conducted two experiments to examine further the mood‐creative mindset and creative mindset‐unethical behavior to benefit a teammate relationship. Our findings affirm that activated versus deactivated moods facilitate a creative mindset, and that a creative mindset encourages unethical behavior to benefit a teammate. Our findings suggest that activation level of mood plays a critical role in unethical behavior.
Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011‐2018
Authors: Elisofon Scott A. , Magee John C. , Ng Vicky L. , Horslen Simon P. , Fioravanti Vicki , Economides Julie , Erinjeri Jinson , Anand Ravinder , Mazariegos George V. ,   the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation Research Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSPLIT was founded in 1995 in order to collect comprehensive prospective data on pediatric liver transplantation, including waiting list data, transplant, and early and late outcomes. Since 2011, data collection of the current registry has been refined to focus on prospective data and outcomes only after transplant to serve as a foundation for the future development of targeted clinical studies.ObjectiveTo report the outcomes of the SPLIT registry from 2011 to 2018.MethodsThis is a multicenter, cross‐sectional analysis characterizing patients transplanted and enrolled in the SPLIT registry between 2011 and 2018. All patients, <18 years of age, received a first liver‐only, a combined liver‐kidney, or a combined liver‐pancreas transplant during this study period.ResultsA total of 1911 recipients from 39 participating centers in North America were registered. Indications included biliary atresia (38.5%), metabolic disease (19.1%), tumors (11.7%), and fulminant liver failure (11.5%). Greater than 50% of recipients were transplanted as either Status 1A/1B or with a MELD/PELD exception score. Incompatible transplants were performed in 4.1%. Kaplan‐Meier estimates of 1‐year patient and graft survival were 97.3% and 96.6%. First 30 days of surgical complications included reoperation (31.7%), hepatic artery thrombosis (6.3%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.2%). In the first 90 days, biliary tract complications were reported in 13.6%. Acute cellular rejection during first year was 34.7%. At 1 and 2 years of follow‐up, 39.2% and 50.6% had normal liver tests on monotherapy (tacrolimus or sirolimus). Further surgical, survival, allograft function, and complications are detailed.
Where the girls are: Examining and explaining the gender gap in the nursing major
Authors: Speer Jamin D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nursing major, at almost 90% female, has one of the largest gender gaps of any US college major. In trying to explain this gap, I sort through candidate explanations and show that nursing is an outlier on many dimensions. Relative to other majors, it has some of the slowest earnings growth, by far the highest occupational concentration, among the lowest penalties for part‐time work, among the lowest unemployment rates, and the highest level of job tasks focused on "helping others" and "interacting with people". These factors collectively account for most of nursing's huge gender gap. While I cannot determine causal mechanisms, a major's associated job tasks (especially "helping others") account for most (55%) of the variance in majors' gender composition, while nursing's low part‐time penalty is also important. Earnings growth, earnings variance, and the share of women out of the labor force from the major are less important, and academic factors like course requirements and test scores are unrelated to major gender gaps.
Biochar effects on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in paddy soil
Authors: Jing Feng , Chen Xiaomin , Wen Xin , Liu Wei , Hu Shimin , Yang Zhijiang , Guo Bilin , Luo Yao , Yu Qingxin , Xu Yanling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study focused on the effects of biochar (BC) application on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the paddy soil. BC was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha−1, respectively. BC application caused a significant increase in soil organic carbon contents (SOC), pH, nitrate–nitrogen (‐N),and available phosphorus contents (AP) in the top and subsurface soil, while SOC contents in the subsurface soil decreased with increasing rate of BC. BC40 effectively reduced the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the subsurface soil, while concentrations of Cd and Pb in the topsoil remained unchanged. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient AP was highest; SOC, ‐N and AP had a negative direct effect on the Cd and Pb in subsurface soil. Soil pH and ‐N had a high negative indirect effect through AP. The decision coefficient decreased in the following order: pH, AP, SOC, ‐N and ‐N. Regression analysis showed that soil Cd and Pb had a significant linear correlation with soil AP, whereas soil Pb also had a significant linear correlation with soil pH. In conclusion, BC40 can alter soil chemical properties and reduce the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the lower subsurface of the paddy soil.
The application of a haemorrhage assessment tool in evaluating control of bleeding in a pilot trauma haemorrhage trial
Authors: Curry N. , Foley C. , Wong H. , Mora A. , Curnow E. , Zarankaite A. , Hodge R. , Hopkins V. , Deary A. , Ray J. , Moss P. , Reed M. J. , Kellett S. , Davenport R. , Stanworth S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo determine whether it was feasible to use a haemorrhage assessment tool (HAT) within a trauma trial and whether the data obtained could differentiate patients who had achieved haemostasis.BackgroundMajor haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting 40% of trauma patients. Clinical trials evaluating haemostatic interventions often use transfusion outcomes as a primary endpoint. Transfusion is highly dependent on local practice, limiting its reliability as a robust, transferable endpoint.MethodsA five‐point HAT questionnaire was applied to participants enrolled into the EFIT‐1 trial. This RCT evaluated the feasibility of administering a 6 g fibrinogen concentrate to patients with severe trauma haemorrhage.ResultsOf participants, 98% completed a HAT; 75% participants had ‘achieved haemostasis’ at the time of tool completion, as determined by clinical acumen alone. HAT scores were able to differentiate which participants required transfusion after 3 h. Of participants, 56% were transfused red blood cells when they scored 0–2, compared to 17% with HAT scores between 3 and 5.ConclusionThis study has confirmed the feasibility of using a HAT during the emergency care of patients suffering trauma haemorrhage, and future studies should be conducted to determine its value as an endpoint in haemostasis studies.