bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Activated Water Catholyte for the Activation of Hydrogen Ions and ATP for Sport’s Shape and Recovery
Authors: Ignatov Ignat , Gencheva Nezabravka , Marinov Todor , Yaneva Iliana , Angelcheva Mariana , Dinkov Georgi , Angushev Ivan 
Published: April 2020

The biological processes of a human body occur in liquid medium. The human body contains around 55-60% of water in young people. At birth the percentage is around 75%, and in elderly people it is - 50-55% (by weight). The state of water in the body of athletes is an indicator for their status during physical exertion and recovery. Dehydration is a natural process developing during the period of training and football match, which influences the functioning of the locomotor, nervous, respiratory and cardio-vascular systems.
The research of Ivaylo Yakimov for the period 2014-2019 from Bulgarian football players confirmed the importance of the requirement for the footballers to start physical workload optimally hydrated, in order to slow down and decrease the influence of the negative effects from the inevitable dehydration during a football match. Yakimov is а medical doctor in the football team Ludogorets.
One of the co-authors considers the possibility for hydration and recovery to be done using water with hydrogen index pH over 8.5, and a negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP). The results show that footballers, who drink Catholyte water have better heart indicators compared to the ones they would have if they drink table water. Analyses are conducted of processes in ATP and mitochondria in the cell for faster achieving of maximum sports performance and recovery.
In Situ Formation of Li3P Layer Enables Fast Li+ Conduction across Li/Solid Polymer Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Wu Nan , Li Yutao , Dolocan Andrei , Li Wei , Xu Henghui , Xu Biyi , Grundish Nicholas S. , Cui Zhiming , Jin Haibo , Goodenough John B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolid‐state polymer electrolytes provide better flexibility and electrode contact than their ceramic counterparts, making them a worthwhile pursuit for all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. However, their large Li/solid state electrolyte interfacial resistance, small critical current density, and rapid lithium dendrite growth during cycling still limit their viability. Owing to these restrictions, all‐solid‐state cells with solid polymer electrolytes must be cycled above room‐temperature and with a small current density. These problems can be mitigated with an in situ formed artificial solid electrolyte interphase that rapidly conducts Li+ ions. Herein, a Li3P layer formed in situ at the Li‐metal/solid polymer electrolyte interphase is reported that significantly reduces the electrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance. Additionally, this layer increases the wettability of the solid polymer by the metallic lithium anode, allowing for the critical current density of lithium symmetric cells to be doubled by homogenizing the current density at the interface. All‐solid‐state Li/Li symmetric cells and Li/LiFePO4 cells with the Li3P layer show improved cycling performance with a high current density.
Training Novices in Generation and Analysis of High‐Dimensional Human Cell Phospho‐Flow Cytometry Data
Authors: Roe Caroline E. , Hayes Madeline J. , Barone Sierra M. , Irish Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents a single experiment designed to introduce a trainee to multiple advanced bench and analysis techniques, including high‐dimensional cytometry, profiling cell signaling networks, functional assays with primary human tissue, and single‐cell analysis with machine learning tools. The trainee is expected to have only minimal laboratory experience and is not required to have any prior training in flow cytometry, immunology, or data science. This article aims to introduce the advanced research areas with a design that is robust enough that novice trainees will succeed, flexible enough to allow some project customization, and fundamental enough that the skills and knowledge gained will provide a template for future experiments. For advanced users, the updated phospho‐flow protocol and the established controls, best practices, and expected outcomes presented here also provide a framework for adapting these tools in new areas with unexplored biology. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Phospho‐protein stimulation and mass cytometry data collectionSupport Protocol: Analysis of signaling mass cytometry data
Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) for the Analysis of Protein Oligomers in Plants
Authors: Na Ayutthaya Pratchaya Pramoj , Lundberg Derek , Weigel Detlef , Li Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions, including oligomerization, are involved in regulation of many cellular processes. Unfortunately, many proteins are expressed at a very low level in vivo, making it challenging to observe oligomerization by size‐exclusion chromatography, also known as gel filtration. In this protocol, we present detailed steps to perform blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE), a method to study protein oligomers in plants. The article describes protein sample preparation from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and running a BN‐PAGE gel followed by direct western blotting or, alternatively, two‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfide–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS‐PAGE). This protocol will be helpful for new researchers conducting related experiments to analyze stable protein interactions including homo‐ or hetero‐oligomerization in plants. © 2020 The Authors.
The current drug discovery landscape for trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis: Challenges and strategies to identify drug targets
Authors: Altamura Fernando , Rajesh Rishi , Catta‐Preta Carolina M. C. , Moretti Nilmar S. , Cestari Igor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are vector‐borne neglected tropical diseases caused by infection with the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., respectively. Once restricted to endemic areas, these diseases are now distributed worldwide due to human migration, climate change, and anthropogenic disturbance, causing significant health and economic burden globally. The current chemotherapy used to treat these diseases has limited efficacy, and drug resistance is spreading. Hence, new drugs are urgently needed. Phenotypic compound screenings have prevailed as the leading method to discover new drug candidates against these diseases. However, the publication of the complete genome sequences of multiple strains, advances in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and in vivo bioluminescence‐based imaging have set the stage for advancing target‐based drug discovery. This review analyses the limitations of the narrow pool of available drugs presently used for treating these diseases. It describes the current drug‐based clinical trials highlighting the most promising leads. Furthermore, the review presents a focused discussion on the most important biological and pharmacological challenges that target‐based drug discovery programs must overcome to advance drug candidates. Finally, it examines the advantages and limitations of modern research tools designed to identify and validate essential genes as drug targets, including genomic editing applications and in vivo imaging.
Effects of nutrient fertilization on root decomposition and carbon accumulation in intensively managed grassland soils
Authors: Fornara Dario A. , Flynn David , Caruso Tancredi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur knowledge of root mass decomposition processes has greatly benefited from studies carried out in natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. It is less known, however, how root mass loss might occur in intensively managed ecosystems, such as agricultural grasslands, which receive chronic additions of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Key questions remain about (1) how repeated N applications either in organic or inorganic forms might influence fine root mass decomposition, and (2) what implications root mass loss might have for soil carbon (C) storage. Here, we use a long‐term grassland experiment established in 1970 at Hillsborough, Northern Ireland (UK), to address how repeated additions of organic (i.e., liquid manures) and inorganic (i.e., NPK) fertilizers over >45 yr might influence fine root mass decomposition and how. We found that after a 10‐month incubation period under field conditions, highest root mass loss (~43%) was associated with highest additions of organic slurries, whereas lowest root mass loss (~29%) occurred in inorganically N‐fertilized and unfertilized soils. Root decomposition was significantly and negatively related to root C:N ratios and fungal‐to‐bacterial (F:B) ratios. Root decomposition, however, was not related to changes in soil C stocks or rates of soil C accumulation. N applications either maintained or increased (up to three times) soil C accumulation compared to unfertilized soils after five decades of intensive management. Our findings suggest that in the short‐term organic fertilization can enhance root detritus decomposition (thus promoting N release in soils for plant uptake) while contributing in the long‐term to soil C accumulation either through extra C inputs from manures or through N‐induced effects on microbial activity or both. Further studies need to address how this dual effect of organic fertilization could contribute making grassland intensification more sustainable by reducing the use of artificial NPK fertilizers.
Impact of pulsed electric field treatments on the growth parameters of wheat seeds and nutritional properties of their wheat plantlets juice
Authors: Ahmed Zahoor , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Ahmad Nazir , Zeng Xin‐An , Din Zia ud , Roobab Ume , Qayum Abdul , Siddique Rabia , Siddeeg Azhari , Rahaman Abdul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the impacts of the pulsed electric field (PEF; 2 to 6 kV/cm; a number of pulses 25 and 50) on wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) seeds before imbibition to improve the germination, growth, and their nutritional profile in juice form. It was observed that the PEF treatment at 6 kV/cm at 50 pulses increased water uptake, germination of seeds, and growth parameters of seedlings. A significant increase in total phenolic contents, DPPH, chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins, minerals, and amino acids in PEF‐treated seeds plantlets juice as compared to the untreated seeds plantlets juice was observed. The results indicate that the PEF may effectively stimulate the growth of the wheat kernels and positively affect their metabolism, optimize the nutrients, and enhance the strength of the wheat kernels plantlets.
Taking Racism to Heart: Race‐Related Stressors and Cardiovascular Reactivity for Multiracial People
Authors: Franco Marisa , O'Brien Karen M. 
Published: April 2020

Multiracial people experience an accumulation of racial stress for both their minority and their multiracial identities, yet no research has examined the physiological impact of this stress. This within‐groups experimental study examined whether two race‐related stressors—identity invalidation and discrimination from family—affect cardiovascular reactivity for Black/White multiracial adults (N = 60). The authors found a Condition × Phase interaction effect indicating that discrimination from family affected blood pressure. Invalidation had no effect on blood pressure.Las personas multirraciales experimentan una acumulación de estrés racial tanto a causa de su identidad multirracial como de su identidad como minoría, pero no hay investigaciones que hayan examinado el impacto psicológico de este estrés. Este estudio experimental dentro de grupos examinó si dos factores causantes de estrés relacionados con la raza (la invalidación de la identidad y la discriminación por parte de la familia) afectan a la reactividad cardiovascular de personas adultas multirraciales blancas/negras (N = 60). Los autores hallaron un efecto de interacción Condición × Fase que indica que la discriminación por parte de la familia tuvo un efecto sobre la presión sanguínea. La invalidación no tuvo efecto sobre la presión sanguínea.
Functionally Relevant Maculopathy and Optic Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1
Authors: Oertel Frederike Cosima , Zeitz Oliver , Rönnefarth Maria , Bereuter Charlotte , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Kuchling Joseph , Grosch Anne Sophie , Doss Sarah , Browne Andrew , Paul Friedemann , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Brandt Alexander U. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA‐ATXN1) is an inherited progressive ataxia disorder characterized by an adult‐onset cerebellar syndrome combined with nonataxia signs. Retinal or optic nerve affection are not systematically described.ObjectivesTo describe a retinal phenotype and its functional relevance in SCA‐ATXN1.MethodsWe applied optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 20 index cases with SCA‐ATXN1 and 22 healthy controls (HCs), investigating qualitative changes and quantifying the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP) volume as markers of optic atrophy and outer retinal layers as markers of maculopathy. Visual function was assessed by high‐ (HC‐VA) and low‐contrast visual acuity (LC‐VA) and the Hardy‐Rand‐Rittler pseudoisochromatic test for color vision.ResultsFive patients (25%) showed distinct maculopathies in the ellipsoid zone (EZ). Furthermore, pRNFL (P < 0.001) and GCIP (P = 0.002) were reduced in patients (pRNFL, 80.86 ± 9.49 μm; GCIP, 1.84 ± 0.16 mm3) compared with HCs (pRNFL, 97.02 ± 8.34 μm; GCIP, 1.98 ± 0.12 mm3). Outer macular layers were similar between groups, but reduced in patients with maculopathies. HC‐VA (P = 0.002) and LC‐VA (P < 0.001) were reduced in patients (HC‐VA [logMAR]: 0.01 ± 010; LC‐VA [logMAR]: 0.44 ± 0.16) compared with HCs (HC‐VA [logMAR]: –0.12 ± 0.08; LC‐VA [logMAR]: 0.25 ± 0.05). Color vision was abnormal in 2 patients with maculopathies.ConclusionsA distinct maculopathy, termed EZ disruption, as well as optic atrophy add to the known nonataxia features in SCA‐ATXN1. Whereas optic atrophy may be understood as part of a widespread neurodegeneration, EZ disruption may be explained by effects of ataxin‐1 gene or protein on photoreceptors. Our findings extend the spectrum of nonataxia signs in SCA‐ATXN1 with potential relevance for diagnosis and monitoring.
N2–H2 plasma functionalization of carbon fiber fabric for polyaniline grafting
Authors: Ceregatti Thayara , Kunicki Lucas , Biaggio Sonia R. , Fontana Luis C. , Dalmolin Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber fabric was treated with radiofrequency plasma in a N2/H2 gas mixture to create functional groups with –NHx or –N, thus promoting conditions for polyaniline (PAni) grafting. The morphology and chemical structure of PAni on the carbon fiber surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, showing strong interactions between the PAni and the carbon fiber, especially for the 5‐min plasma‐treated substrate. The electrochemical activity of electrodes consisting of carbon fiber fabric and PAni was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which showed fast polarization response and lower charge transfer resistance for electrodes with better interactions between the PAni and the carbon fiber substrate, indicating the occurrence of grafting.
Biomimicry of Cellular Motility and Communication Based on Synthetic Soft‐Architectures
Authors: Wang Lei , Song Shidong , van Hest Jan , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , Huang Xin , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCells, sophisticated membrane‐bound units that contain the fundamental molecules of life, provide a precious library for inspiration and motivation for both society and academia. Scientists from various disciplines have made great endeavors toward the understanding of the cellular evolution by engineering artificial counterparts (protocells) that mimic or initiate structural or functional cellular aspects. In this regard, several works have discussed possible building blocks, designs, functions, or dynamics that can be applied to achieve this goal. Although great progress has been made, fundamental—yet complex—behaviors such as cellular communication, responsiveness to environmental cues, and motility remain a challenge, yet to be resolved. Herein, recent efforts toward utilizing soft systems for cellular mimicry are summarized—following the main outline of cellular evolution, from basic compartmentalization, and biological reactions for energy production, to motility and communicative behaviors between artificial cell communities or between artificial and natural cell communities. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the field are discussed, hoping to inspire more future research and to help the further advancement of this field.
Killing G(+) or G(−) Bacteria? The Important Role of Molecular Charge in AIE‐Active Photosensitizers
Authors: Shi Xiujuan , Sung Simon H. P. , Chau Joe H. C. , Li Ying , Liu Zhiyang , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Liu Junkai , Xiao Peihong , Zhang Jiangjiang , Liu Bin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. Photodynamic therapy is an effective medical treatment to solve the problems raised by antibiotic resistant bacteria. But it is not easy to have photosensitizers (PSs) that can simultaneously produce efficient fluorescence and reactive oxygen species. Traditional PSs show compromised performances due to the aggregation‐caused quenching effect in aqueous media, however, luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) can inherently achieve high fluorescence and efficient ROS generation. In addition, electrostatic interaction is generally accepted to be responsible for initial targeting of bacteria. But for AIE PSs, the roles of molecular charges on antibacterial efficiency are rarely considered. Herein, two red‐emissive AIE PSs with the same luminogenic core but carrying different number of positive charges are designed, and their antibacterial performance and the killing mechanism toward Gram‐positive (G(+)) and Gram‐negative (G(−)) bacteria are investigated. The AIE PSs with highly efficient singlet oxygen generation can clearly image and selectively kill bacteria over mammalian cells. With the increase in the positive charges of AIE PSs, the improvement in antibacterial efficiency is great against G(−) bacteria, but it is negligible against G(+) bacteria. This research will provide new insight into the rational design of new antibacterial materials.
Safety requirements vs. crashing ethically: what matters most for policies on autonomous vehicles
Authors: Lundgren Björn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe philosophical–ethical literature and the public debate on autonomous vehicles have been obsessed with ethical issues related to crashing. In this article, these discussions, including more empirical investigations, will be critically assessed. It is argued that a related and more pressing issue is questions concerning safety. For example, what should we require from autonomous vehicles when it comes to safety? What do we mean by ‘safety’? How do we measure it? In response to these questions, the article will present a foundation for a continued discussion on these issues and an argument for why discussions about safety should be prioritized over ethical concerns related to crashing.
A role for tetraspanin proteins in regulating fusion induced by Burkholderia thailandensis
Authors: Elgawidi Atiga , Mohsin Muslim Idan , Ali Fawwaz , Watts Amyleigh , Monk Peter N. , Thomas Mark S. , Partridge Lynda J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBurkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with high morbidity that is endemic in South East Asia and northern Australia. An unusual feature of the bacterium is its ability to induce multinucleated giant cell formation (MNGC), which appears to be related to bacterial pathogenicity. The mechanism of MNGC formation is not fully understood, but host cell factors as well as known bacterial virulence determinants are likely to contribute. Since members of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins are involved in various types of cell:cell fusion, their role in MNGC formation induced by Burkholderia thailandensis, a mildly pathogenic species closely related to B. pseudomallei, was investigated. The effect of antibodies to tetraspanins CD9, CD81, and CD63 in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis in infected mouse J774.2 and RAW macrophage cell lines was assessed along with that of recombinant proteins corresponding to the large extracellular domain (EC2) of the tetraspanins. B. thailandensis-induced fusion was also examined in macrophages derived from CD9 null and corresponding WT mice, and in J774.2 macrophages over-expressing CD9. Antibodies to CD9 and CD81 promoted MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis, whereas EC2 proteins of CD9, CD81, and CD63 inhibited MNGC formation. Enhanced MNGC formation was observed in CD9 null macrophages, whereas a decrease in MNGC formation was associated with overexpression of CD9. Overall our findings show that tetraspanins are involved in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis and by implication, B. pseudomallei, with CD9 and CD81 acting as negative regulators of this process.
Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding on Corrosion and Surface Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32205
Authors: Núñez de la Rosa Yamid E. , Palma Calabokis Oriana , Borges Paulo César , Ballesteros Ballesteros Vladimir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe duplex stainless steel UNS S32205 was plasma nitrided at 380 °C for 10 h using a gas mixture of 25% N2-75% H2. The thickness of the nitrided layer was 4.5 ± 0.5 μm, composed mainly of nitrogen-expanded austenite and iron nitrides precipitates. There was an increase in surface hardness around 2.6 and 3.8 times in the nitrided layer formed on the austenite and the ferrite phases, respectively, in relation to the untreated samples. The surface texture parameters skewness (Ssk), maximum peak height (Sp) and texture aspect ratio (Str) were the most appropriate parameters for studying the topography changes after treatment. An improvement in the localized corrosion properties after the nitriding treatment was revealed by the cyclic polarization curves. The nitrided samples showed higher pitting corrosion and repassivation potentials compared to the untreated material. The ferritic phases and grain boundaries were more susceptible to corrosion in the nitrided samples. The potentiodynamic curves of the nitrided samples exhibited a hillside on the passive-to-transpassive transition. This feature was already observed by other researchers, but it has not been well investigated. Potentiostatic studies demonstrated that metastable pitting took place on this transition.