bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A specific method for qualitative medical research: the IPSE (Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience) approach
Authors: Sibeoni Jordan , Verneuil Laurence , Manolios Emilie , Révah-Levy Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reports the construction and use of a specific method for qualitative medical research: TheInductive Process to Analyze the Structure of lived Experience (IPSE),an inductive and phenomenological approach designed to gain the closest access possible to the patients’ experience and to produce concrete recommendations for improving care. This paper describes this innovative method.MethodsIPSE has five steps: 1) set up a research group, 2) ensure the originality of the research, 3) organize recruitment and sampling intended to optimize exemplarity, 4) collect data that enable entry into the subjects’ experience, and 5) analyze the data. This final stage is composed of one individual descriptive phase, followed by two group phases: i) structure the experience, and ii) translate the findings into concrete proposals that make a difference in care.ResultsThis innovative method has provided original findings that have opened up new avenues of research and have important practical implications, including (1) the development of patient-reported outcomes, (2) clinical recommendations concerning assessment and treatment, (3) innovative ways to improve communication between patients and doctors, and (4) new insights for medical pedagogy.ConclusionsIPSE is a qualitative method specifically developed for clinical medical research to reach concrete proposals, easily combined with quantitative research within a mixed-method study design and then directly integrated within evidence-based medicine.
Older adults with lower autobiographical memory abilities report less age-related decline in everyday cognitive function
Authors: Fan Carina L. , Romero Kristoffer , Levine Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals differ in how they remember the past: some richly re-experience specific details of past episodes, whereas others recall only the gist of past events. Little research has examined how such trait mnemonics, or lifelong individual differences in memory capacities, relate to cognitive aging. We specifically examined trait episodic autobiographical memory (AM, the tendency to richly re-experience episodic details of past events) in relation to complaints of everyday cognitive functioning, which are known to increase with age. Although one might predict that individuals reporting higher trait-level episodic AM would be resistant to age-related decline in everyday function, we made the opposite prediction. That is, we predicted that those with lower trait-level episodic AM would be better equipped with compensatory strategies, practiced throughout the lifespan, to cope with age-related memory decline. Those with higher trait-level episodic AM would have enhanced sensitivity to age-related cognitive changes due to their tendency to rely on their perceived above-average memory function.MethodsWe tested these predictions in 959 older adults aged 50–93 using online subjective and objective measures of memory and cognitive function. Our key measures of interest were the Survey of Autobiographical Memory, a measure of autobiographical memory abilities; and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, a measure of everyday cognitive function.ResultsIn keeping with our prediction, we found that complaints of day-to-day memory slips and errors (normally elevated with age) remained stable or even decreased with age among those reporting lower trait-level episodic AM, whereas those reporting higher trait-level episodic AM reported the expected age-related increase in such errors. This finding was specific to episodic AM and not observed for other autobiographical memory capacities (e.g., semantic, spatial). It was further unaccounted for by response bias or objectively assessed cognitive abilities.ConclusionsCongenitally low trait-level episodic AM may paradoxically confer a functional advantage in aging. This could be due to well-developed non-episodic strategies not present in those with higher abilities, who are more sensitive to age-related memory decline attributable to medial temporal lobe changes. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering individual differences when studying cognitive aging trajectories.
Fatal respiratory infection due to ST308 VIM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lung transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Carugati M. , Piazza A. , Peri A. M. , Cariani L. , Brilli M. , Girelli D. , Di Carlo D. , Gramegna A. , Pappalettera M. , Comandatore F. , Grasselli G. , Cantù A. P. , Arghittu M. , Gori A. , Bandi C. , Blasi F. , Bandera A. ,   IFALT working group
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Data regarding the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in cystic fibrosis patients are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge on the effect of MBL production on patient outcomes. Here we describe a fatal respiratory infection due to P. aeruginosa producing VIM-type MBLs in a lung transplant recipient and the results of the subsequent epidemiological investigation.

Case presentation
P. aeruginosa isolates collected in the index patient and among patients temporally or spatially linked with the index patient were analyzed in terms of antibiotic susceptibility profile and MBL production. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction were also performed for all P. aeruginosa isolates producing VIM-type MBLs. A VIM-producing P. aeruginosa strain was identified in a lung biopsy of a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis. The strain was VIM-1-producer and belonged to the ST308. Despite aggressive treatment, the transplant patient succumbed to the pulmonary infection due to the ST308 strain. A VIM-producing P. aeruginosa strain was also collected from the respiratory samples of a different cystic fibrosis patient attending the same cystic fibrosis center. This isolate harbored the blaVIM-2 gene and belonged to the clone ST175. This patient did not experience an adverse outcome.

Conclusions
This is the first description of a fatal infection due to P. aeruginosa producing VIM-type MBLs in a lung transplant recipient. The circulation of P. aeruginosa isolates harboring MBLs pose a substantial risk to the cystic fibrosis population due to the limited therapeutic options available and their spreading potential.
A longitudinal study of the post-stroke immune response and cognitive functioning: the StrokeCog study protocol
Authors: Drag Lauren L. , Mlynash Michael , Nassar Huda , Osborn Elizabeth , Kim Da E. , Angst Martin S. , Aghaeepour Nima , Buckwalter Marion , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment even several years after the stroke event. The exact mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive decline are unclear, but the immunological response to stroke might play a role. The aims of the StrokeCog study are to examine the associations between immunological responses and long-term post-stroke cognitive trajectories in individuals with ischemic stroke.

Methods
StrokeCog is a single-center, prospective, observational, cohort study. Starting 6–12 months after stroke, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, plasma and serum, and psychosocial variables will be collected at up to 4 annual visits. Single cell sequencing of peripheral blood monocytes and plasma proteomics will be conducted. The primary outcome will be the change in global and domain-specific neuropsychological performance across annual evaluations. To explain the differences in cognitive change amongst participants, we will examine the relationships between comprehensive immunological measures and these cognitive trajectories. It is anticipated that 210 participants will be enrolled during the first 3 years of this 4-year study. Accounting for attrition, an anticipated final sample size of 158 participants with an average of 3 annual study visits will be available at the completion of the study. Power analyses indicate that this sample size will provide 90% power to detect an average cognitive change of at least 0.23 standard deviations in either direction.

Discussion
StrokeCog will provide novel insight into the relationships between immune events and cognitive change late after stroke.
Prediction of iatrogenic preterm birth in patients with scarred uterus: a retrospective cohort study in Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Li Hongtian , Li Jiapo , Hou Yue , Xu Buxuan , Li Na , Yang Tian , Liu Caixia , Qiao Chong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo build a novel and simple model to predict iatrogenic preterm birth in pregnant women with scarred uteri.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational, single-centre cohort study, data from 2315 patients with scarred uteri were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis and mathematical modelling were used to develop a risk evaluation tool for iatrogenic preterm birth. After modelling, the calibration and discrimination of the model along with decision curve analysis were checked and performed to ensure clinical applicability.ResultsAmong the 2315 patients, 417 (18.0%) had iatrogenic preterm births. The following variables were included in the model: interpregnancy interval (0 to < 12 months, OR 5.33 (95% Cl 1.79–15.91),P = 0.003; 13 to < 24 months (reference), 25 to < 60 months, OR 1.80 (95% CI 0.96–3.40),P = 0.068; ≥ 60 months, OR 1.60 (95% Cl 0.86–2.97),P = 0.14), height (OR 0.95, (95% CI 0.92–0.98),P = 0.003), parity (parity ≤1 (reference), parity = 2, OR 2.92 (95% CI 1.71–4.96),P < 0.0001; parity ≥3, OR 8.26, (95% CI 2.29–29.76),P = 0.001), number of vaginal bleeding (OR 1.81, (95% Cl 1.36–2.41),P < 0.0001), hypertension in pregnancy (OR 9.52 (95% CI 6.46–14.03),P < 0.0001), and placenta previa (OR 4.21, (95% CI 2.85–6.22),P < 0.0001). Finally, a nomogram was developed.ConclusionsIn this study, we built a model to predict iatrogenic preterm birth for pregnant women with scarred uteri. The nomogram we created can assist doctors in evaluating the risk of iatrogenic preterm birth and help in making referrals; thus, better medical care can be given to improve the prognosis of patients and foetuses.
The CanMoRe trial – evaluating the effects of an exercise intervention after robotic-assisted radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer: the study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Porserud Andrea , Karlsson Patrik , Rydwik Elisabeth , Aly Markus , Henningsohn Lars , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients who have undergone radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer are not sufficiently physically active and therefore may suffer complications leading to readmissions. A physical rehabilitation programme early postoperatively might prevent or at least alleviate these potential complications and improve physical function. The main aim of the CanMoRe trial is to evaluate the impact of a standardised and individually adapted exercise intervention in primary health care to improve physical function (primary outcome) and habitual physical activity, health-related quality of life, fatigue, psychological wellbeing and readmissions due to complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer.

Methods
In total, 120 patients will be included and assigned to either intervention or control arm of the study. All patients will receive preoperative information on the importance of early mobilisation and during the hospital stay they will follow a standard protocol for enhanced mobilisation. The intervention group will be given a referral to a physiotherapist in primary health care close to their home. Within the third week after discharge, the intervention group will begin 12 weeks of biweekly exercise. The exercise programme includes aerobic and strengthening exercises. The control group will receive oral and written information about a home-based exercise programme.
Physical function will serve as the primary outcome and will be measured using the Six-minute walk test. Secondary outcomes are gait speed, handgrip strength, leg strength, habitual physical activity, health-related quality of life, fatigue, psychological wellbeing and readmissions due to complications. The measurements will be conducted at discharge (i.e. baseline), post-intervention and 1 year after surgery. To evaluate the effects of the intervention mixed or linear regression models according to the intention to treat procedure will be used.

Discussion
This proposed randomised controlled trial has the potential to provide new knowledge within rehabilitation after radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer. The programme should be easy to apply to other patient groups undergoing abdominal surgery for cancer and has the potential to change the health care chain for these patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical trial registration number NCT03998579. First posted June 26, 2019.
The impact of order with radiation therapy in stage IIIA pathologic N2 NSCLC patients: a population-based study
Authors: Duan Hongxia , Liang Long , Xie Shuanshuan , Wang Changhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal order of radiation therapy in patients affected by stage IIIA pathologic N2 (IIIA/N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to identify its potential risk factors.

Methods
17,654 (8786 men and 8868 women) diagnosed with NSCLC stage IIIA-N2 from 2004 to 2015 patients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Among the relevant clinical parameters, we evaluated overall survival (OS), lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and other variables such as age, sex and tumor size in patients who were treated with different combinations of surgery and radiotherapy strategies.

Results
We discovered that surgery benefit in younger IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients (age ≤ 75), and compared with surgery only, preoperative radiotherapy significantly improved the survival rate most (p < 0.001). When we performed the OS and LCSS analysis in the subgroup of patients’ age > 75 years old, who underwent postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) had the highest survival rate (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that the following parameters had a negative impact on survival: female sex, older age, no chemotherapy, large tumor size, high tumor grade, no surgery or radiotherapy.

Conclusions
In IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were associated with improved OS and LCSS. Younger patients underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy, the main population we studied, benefited most from preoperative radiotherapy in all orders with radiation therapy (p < 0.001). In patients more than 75 years old, there was no clear benefit from only surgery, and PORT was recommended in case of having surgery.
Outcomes of prior cervical cytology and HR-HPV testing in women subsequently diagnosed with CIN1, CIN2/3, and invasive cervical cancer: a 4-year routine clinical experience after implementation of systematic training and quality control programs
Authors: Zhao Dongman , Zhang Liran , Xie Fengxiang , Peng Dezhi , Wei Jie , Jiang Lingbo , Zhang Shoudu , Qi Debo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2013, Jinan KingMed Diagnostics (JKD) first established a systematic cervical cytology training and quality control (QC) program in Shandong Province, China. We compared the efficacy of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection, cytology, and their combination in routine clinical practice after the implementation of the training and QC program to identify the optimal first-line screening method in this region.

Methods
The data of patients histologically diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN2/3, and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrieved from the JKD database. Cytology and/or HR-HPV testing results within 3 months preceding the CIN1 diagnoses and 6 months preceding the CIN2/3 and ICC diagnoses were analyzed.

Results
Prior screening data were available for 1829 CIN1 patients, 2309 CIN2/3 patients, and 680 ICC patients. Cytology alone and HR-HPV testing alone had similar rates of positive results for CIN2/3 (97.2% [854/879] vs. 95.4% [864/906], P = 0.105) and ICC detection (89.1% [205/230] vs. 92.7% [204/220], P = 0.185). Compared with either method alone, co-testing slightly increased the screening sensitivity for CIN2/3 (99.8% [523/524], all P < 0.001) and ICC (99.6% [229/230], all P < 0.001) detection. In the CIN1 group, cervical cytology alone (92.9% [520/560]) was more sensitive than HR-HPV testing alone (79.9% [570/713], P < 0.001), and co-testing (95.3% [530/556]) did not significantly improve the screening sensitivity (P = 0.105).

Conclusions
After the implementation of a systematic training and QC program, both cytology and HR-HPV testing may be adopted for primary cervical cancer screening in Shandong Province.
Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Bihonegn Woldemichael Tadesse 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Trachoma is a neglected eye disease and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood and following a recurrent episodes, it progresses to scarring and visual impairment. Trachoma disappeared from high income countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a challenge in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Methods
In this study, 596 children were screened for signs of active trachoma by using cluster-sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were delivered for heads of households. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening for one month, performed eye examination. The logistic regression model was used to look for associations of active trachoma.

Results
The prevalence of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]3.8 (95%CI 1.3–11.4), being 37–48 months old (4.2;1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in a home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap (4.5;1.8–11.3) had association to active trachoma.

Conclusion
The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children in Wadla district was high. This indicates that Trachoma is still a public health problem in the district. This high prevalence calls for further interventions to prevent future trachomatis blindness.
Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among school-aged children and adolescents in 6 districts of Changsha city: a population-based survey
Authors: Liao Menglian , Cai Zehuai , Khan Muhammad Ahmad , Miao Wenjie , Lin Ding , Tang Qiongyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To calculate and evaluate the prevalence of reduced uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA) in primary, middle and high schools in 6 districts of Changsha, Hunan, China.

Methods
A population-based retrospective study was conducted in 239 schools in 6 districts of Changsha. After routine eye examination to rule out diseases that can affect refraction, 250,980 eligible students from primary, middle and high schools were enrolled in the survey. Then the uncorrected distant and near visual acuity of each eye were measured. Categories of schools, districts, grades, eye exercises and sports time were also documented and analyzed.

Results
The overall prevalence of reduced UCDVA was 51.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6–52.0%) in 6 districts of Changsha. Results of individual districts were as follows: Furong district 59.9%(95% CI: 57.9–61.8%), Tianxin district 62.3%(95% CI: 60.5–64.0%), Wangcheng district 47.8%(95% CI: 46.8–48.8%), Kaifu district 58.5%(95% CI: 58.0–58.9%), Yuhua district 47.0%(95% CI: 46.7–47.4%) and Yuelu district 52.6%(95% CI: 52.3–52.9%). The proportion of normal VA is seen to decrease from primary grade 3. The proportion of mildly reduced UCDVA is higher in primary grade 1 and 2. The proportion of moderately reduced UCDVA remains similar during 12 grades. The proportion of severely reduced UCDVA increases with grades. Multivariate analysis shows that the prevalence of reduced UCDVA is higher in key schools (risk ratio [RR] = 1.47, 95% CI 1.44–1.50) than non-key schools.

Conclusions
According to the existing data analysis results, the prevalence of reduced UCDVA among primary, middle and high school students in Changsha is very high. Some effective measures need to be taken to prevent it.