bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling the positive association of phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity with alien bird species richness
Authors: Andrikou‐Charitidou A. , Boutsis G. , Karadimou E. , Kallimanis A. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological mechanisms behind biological invasions remains a major focus of conservation biology and ecosystem management. Several hypotheses highlight that different facets of native biodiversity affect the establishment and spread of alien species. Here, we approach this question by examining the spatiotemporal relationship between alien bird species richness and different facets of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) using breeding bird atlases for three U.S. states and for two time periods in each state. We associated native species richness, and functional and phylogenetic diversity with alien species richness, using generalized least squares models. Our results show that, consistently, across the three states and two time periods examined, alien species richness is positively associated with native diversity, and particularly with phylogenetic diversity. The relative importance of biodiversity metrics reflecting the functional or phylogenetic range occupied by the assemblage seems to advocate in favor of the importance of resource diversity as a main driver of both native and alien diversity. The secondary importance of biodiversity facets reflecting species functional or phylogenetic similarity, along with the lack of importance of functional or phylogenetic clustering or overdispersion, implies that if this relationship is shaped by biotic interactions, then biotic interactions facilitating coexistence (including even processes like predator‐mediated coexistence) are far more important than adversarial interactions like competition, at least at the scale of our analysis. Finally, the dominance of phylogenetic metrics over functional ones highlights the adaptive potential of a community accumulated over long lineage history may play an additional role as a source of information on evolutionary processes driving diversity patterns.
Beyond the numbers: understanding how a diversity mentoring program welcomes students into a scientific community
Authors: Ahern‐Dodson Jennifer , Clark Charlotte R. , Mourad Teresa , Reynolds Julie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrograms designed to broaden participation in science are often deemed “successful” based on quantitative evidence such as student participation rates, retention, and persistence. These numbers alone only explain that a program met its goals; they seldom critically explain how, specifically, the program achieved its success. To address this gap, we studied students’ perspectives about and experiences with the Ecological Society of America's award‐winning education and diversity mentoring program, Strategies for Ecology Education, Diversity and Sustainability (SEEDS). The persistence rate in ecology by SEEDS participants is three times greater than the national average, but the numbers alone do not explain the program's impact. We explored the reasons why this program has been so successful by gathering qualitative data as direct evidence explaining how SEEDS influenced participants’ decisions to study science and pursue science careers, and the resulting integration into a scientific community. We coded open‐ended survey responses from SEEDS alumni against a social influence theoretical framework that proposes three dominant processes that predict students’ integration into a scientific community: scientific self‐efficacy, scientific identity, and shared values with the scientific community. We not only found emergent evidence for all three processes, but we also gained a deeper understanding of how—in participants’ own words—SEEDS achieves its success. Specifically, SEEDS successfully welcomes students into a science community by (1) providing both breadth and depth of programming that offers flexible, multilayered approaches to developing self‐efficacy to fit the needs of diverse students, (2) enabling participants to integrate a science identity into other preexisting identities, and (3) implementing programming that intentionally helps participants to consciously connect their values with those of their communities.
Soil nutrients and precipitation are major drivers of global patterns of grass leaf silicification
Authors: Quigley Kathleen M. , Griffith Daniel M. , Donati George L. , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrasses accumulate high concentrations of silicon (Si) in their tissues, with potential benefits including herbivore defense, improved water balance, and reduced leaf construction costs. Although Si is one of the most widely varying leaf constituents among individuals, species, and ecosystems, the environmental forces driving this variation remain elusive and understudied. To understand relationships between environmental factors and grass Si accumulation better, we analyzed foliar chemistry of grasses from 17 globally distributed sites where nutrient inputs and grazing were manipulated. These sites span natural gradients in temperature, precipitation, and underlying soil properties, which allowed us to assess the relative importance of soil moisture and nutrients across variation in climate. Foliar Si concentration did not respond to large mammalian grazer exclusion, but significant variation in herbivore abundance among sites may have precluded the observation of defoliation effects at these sites. However, nutrient addition consistently reduced leaf Si, especially at sites with low soil nitrogen prior to nutrient addition. Additionally, a leaf‐level trade‐off between Si and carbon (C) existed that was stronger at arid sites than mesic sites. Our results suggest soil nutrient limitation favors investment in Si over C‐based leaf construction, and that fixing C is especially costly relative to assimilating Si when water is limiting. Our results demonstrate the importance of soil nutrients and precipitation as key drivers of global grass silicification patterns.
Electricity production and bacterial communities of microbial fuel cell supplied with oily sludge
Authors: Guo Haiying , Xie Shuixiang , Deng Hao , Geng Xiaoheng , Wang Penghua , Huang Chunfeng , Tang Shanfa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOily sludge is a major problem affecting the quality of oil fields and surrounding environment. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a simple way to treat the oily sludge while generating electricity. To investigate the electrochemical properties of such MFC and the characteristics of bacteria attached to anode, a single‐chamber MFC supplemented with oily sludge was constructed. The electrochemical results showed that the oily sludge is suitable for MFC operation, with a maximum output voltage of 299.13 mV and a maximum output power (Pmax) of 2,255.52 mW/m2. The cyclic voltammetry curve of MFC anode displayed an “S” shape, whereas the main peaks were at 0 and 0.1 V, indicating a strong redox reaction on the anode carbon felt. The limiting current was 0.08 A/cm2. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the bacteria on the anode surface showed that most of bacteria displayed a rod‐shaped morphology, whereas the biological metagenomic classification sequencing showed that the predominant electricity‐producing bacteria were Proteiniciclasticum (15.83%) from Firmicutes and Pseudomonas (11.9%) from Gammaproteobacteria. MFC can effectively utilize the oily sludge to generate electricity at the same time, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of MFCs' pollution control and electricity production.
Effect of copper and iron substitution on the structures and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode materials
Authors: Xi Zhao , Wang Zhixing , Peng Wenjie , Guo Huajun , Wang Jiexi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCu and Fe are the main impurity elements in the hydrometallurgical regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries. Hence, it is important to study the effect of Cu and Fe doping on the structures and electrochemical properties of cathode materials. In this study, a series of Cu‐ and/or Fe‐doped LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode materials are synthesized by spray pyrolysis and high‐temperature solid‐state method. The inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Rietveld refinement results reveal that Cu and Fe can incorporate into the crystal lattice and cation mixing is suppressed. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) results show that the relative ratio of Ni2+/Ni3+ on the surface is effectively decreased. Electrochemical results display that the electrochemical performances of Cu‐ and/or Fe‐doped samples are improved when the atomic ratio of Ni to Cu and Ni to Fe is greater than 79.0 and 399.0, respectively. The dQ/dV, GITT, EIS, XRD, and XPS studies indicate that the structure stability, Li+ diffusion coefficient, and charge transfer can be increased by appropriate Cu and/or Fe substitution. The results suggest that appropriate Cu and Fe can be doped into LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 as beneficial elements rather than removed as impurities.
VGMF: Visual contents and geographical influence enhanced point‐of‐interest recommendation in location‐based social network
Authors: Liu Bo , Meng Qing , Zhang Hengyuan , Xu Kun , Cao Jiuxin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoint‐of‐interest (POI) recommendation system has become an essential part of the location‐based social networks (LBSNs). Existing researches on POI recommendation mostly focus on geographical contents. However, the sparsity of user geographic data impedes the further improvement of POI recommendation performance. We have realized that for LBSNs, which are usually image‐heavy networks, the visual contents are significant clues for users' POI estimation. Based on the above, we propose a novel method to combine both geographical and visual contents for POI recommendation. The advantages of this method are threefold. First, through a fusion of both geographical and visual contents, we greatly alleviate the problem of sparse location data, which can significantly improve the recommendation performance. Second, we characterize the geographical clustering phenomenon more precisely, which can further improve the recommendation quality. Third, different from previous works that treat all locations where users have not visited as negative samples, we put forward an elaborate method to generate negative samples by calculating the inconsistency between users' preferable visual contents and location visual content. In the end, the problem of imbalance of positive and negative data is solved. We extensively evaluate the performance of our algorithm and other competitive baselines, and the evaluation results confirm the superiority of our method. Through the study of users' behaviors and some clues of users' preference in the POI recommendation, it will provide some instructions and references for the privacy protection in the LBSN security research. Furthermore, to render our experiments reproducible, the codes, and the dataset can be found at https://github.com/socialsnail/VGMF.
Soft tissue reconstruction with anterior pedicled inferior turbinate flap in conjunction with palatal flap for standard inferior maxillectomy with hard palate resection
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Nomura Kazuhiro , Aoki Satoshi , Otori Nobuyoshi , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe defect after surgical resection of sinonasal malignant tumors is normally reconstructed using free flaps obtained from donor sites. There is no report of using the palatal island flap to reconstruct defects after surgery. We aimed to describe our technique of soft tissue reconstruction through anterior pedicled inferior turbinate (APIT) flap in conjunction with palatal flap for standard inferior maxillectomy with hard palate resection and its outcomes and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages compared with free‐flap reconstruction.MethodsFor resection of malignant tumors arising from the anterior nasal septum, we preserved the hard palate during maxillectomy using a palatal island flap and an anterior pedicled inferior turbinate flap.ResultsOne patient developed a small oroantral fistula, which was sealed with a denture. The other patient had a good outcome.ConclusionOur technique of maxillectomy is useful for selected cases of sinonasal malignancy that require maxillary floor resection.
Risk of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Cancer in Patients With NAFLD and Normal Liver Enzymes
Authors: Natarajan Yamini , Kramer Jennifer R. , Yu Xian , Li Liang , Thrift Aaron P. , El‐Serag Hashem B. , Kanwal Fasiha 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
The long‐term risk of disease for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of elevated enzymes is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Corporate Data Warehouse of the Veterans Health Administration.

Approach and Results
We classified patients into three groups: patients with steatosis/normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), steatosis/elevated ALT, and no steatosis/normal ALT. We examined incidence rates for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and conducted cause‐specific hazard models to evaluate the risk of cirrhosis and HCC. We identified 3,522 patients with steatosis/normal ALT, 15,419 patients with steatosis/elevated ALT, and 9,267 patients with no steatosis/normal ALT. The mean age in each group was 58.9, 54.7 and 59.3 years, respectively; over 90% were men. Compared to patients with hepatic steatosis/normal ALT, those with steatosis/elevated ALT were younger and more likely to be obese (both P < 0.01). In patients with steatosis/normal ALT, the incidence rates of cirrhosis and HCC were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83‐1.74) and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06‐0.46) per 1,000 person‐years, respectively; this was lower than in patients with steatosis/elevated ALT (cirrhosis: 3.85; 95% CI: 3.50‐4.23, and HCC: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.26‐0.49). Patients with steatosis/elevated ALT had a higher risk of developing cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.37; 95% CI: 2.34‐4.86; P < 0.01) than patients with steatosis/normal ALT; they also had a higher risk of HCC, although it did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio: 2.07; 95% CI: 0.82‐5.28; P = 0.13). The risk of cirrhosis and HCC in patients with steatosis/normal ALT and those without steatosis was not significantly different.

Conclusions
Patients with hepatic steatosis with persistently normal ALT are at lower risk for cirrhosis compared to those with steatosis and elevated ALT and not different from the risk in a clinical cohort without hepatic steatosis.
Bisphenol A induces a shift in sex differentiation gene expression with testis‐ova or sex reversal in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Kanazawa Nobuhiko , Takahashi Chiho , Tatarazako Norihisa , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), a very important raw material in the plastics industry, is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical in teleost fish. Although BPA induces testis‐ova and sex reversal in teleost fish species, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of BPA (measured concentrations: 45, 92, 326, 1030 and 3406 μg/L) on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using OECD TG234 (2011, Fish Sexual Development Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2). BPA at 1030 and 3406 μg/L induced testis‐ova and sex reversal with female‐type secondary sexual characteristics in XY males at 30 and 60 days posthatching (dph). Then we examined the BPA effect on the expression of sex differentiation genes related to the testis‐ova and sex reversal in XY medaka. BPA exposure (1030 and 3406 μg/L) suppressed gsdf mRNA expression and increased cyp19a1a mRNA expression in XY individuals at stage 38 and 30 dph, although foxl2 mRNA expression showed no change. Interestingly, the concentration of BPA that suppressed gsdf mRNA expression at the larval stage was consistent with that needed to induce testis‐ova and sex reversal. These results suggest that the gsdf gene at the embryonic stage can be used as a useful biomarker for predicting the impact of estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemicals on sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka.
Association of Tramadol Use With Risk of Hip Fracture
Authors: Wei Jie , Lane Nancy E , Bolster Marcy B , Dubreuil Maureen , Zeng Chao , Misra Devyani , Lu Na , Choi Hyon K , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Several professional organizations have recommended tramadol as one of the first-line or second-line therapies for patients with chronic noncancer pain and its prescription has been increasing rapidly worldwide; however, the safety profile of tramadol, such as risk of fracture, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association of tramadol with risk of hip fracture. Among individuals age 50 years or older without a history of hip fracture, cancer, or opioid use disorder in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in the United Kingdom general practice (2000–2017), five sequential propensity score–matched cohort studies were assembled, ie, participants who initiated tramadol or those who initiated one of the following medications: codeine (n = 146,956) (another commonly used weak opioid), naproxen (n = 115,109) or ibuprofen (n = 107,438) (commonly used nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), celecoxib (n = 43,130), or etoricoxib (n = 27,689) (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors). The outcome was incident hip fracture over 1 year. After propensity-score matching, the included participants had a mean age of 65.7 years and 56.9% were women. During the 1-year follow-up, 518 hip fracture (3.7/1000 person-years) occurred in the tramadol cohort and 401 (2.9/1000 person-years) occurred in the codeine cohort. Compared with codeine, hazard ratio (HR) of hip fracture for tramadol was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 1.46). Risk of hip fracture was also higher in the tramadol cohort than in the naproxen (2.9/1000 person-years for tramadol, 1.7/1000 person-years for naproxen; HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.03), ibuprofen (3.4/1000 person-years for tramadol, 2.0/1000 person-years for ibuprofen; HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.96), celecoxib (3.4/1000 person-years for tramadol, 1.8/1000 person-years for celecoxib; HR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.44), or etoricoxib (2.9/1000 person-years for tramadol, 1.5/1000 person-years for etoricoxib; HR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.87) cohort. In this population-based cohort study, the initiation of tramadol was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture than initiation of codeine and commonly used NSAIDs, suggesting a need to revisit several guidelines on tramadol use in clinical practice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prediction of catalytic activities of bis(imino)pyridine metal complexes by machine learning
Authors: Yang Wenhong , Fidelis Timothy Tizhe , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work demonstrates the potential of machine learning (ML) method to predict catalytic activity of transition metal complex precatalyst toward ethylene polymerization. For this purpose, 294 complexes and 15 molecular descriptors were selected to build the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The catalytic activity can be well predicted by the obtained ANN model, which was further validated by external complexes. Boruta algorithm was employed to explicitly decipher the importance of descriptors, illustrating the conjugated bond structure, and bulky substitutions are favorable for catalytic activity. The present work indicates that ML could give useful guidance for the new design of homogenous polyolefin catalyst.
The effect of vitamin D on sarcopenia depends on the level of physical activity in older adults
Authors: Yang Aolin , Lv Qingqing , Chen Feng , Wang Yingfang , Liu Yixuan , Shi Wanying , Liu Ying , Wang Difei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSarcopenia in older adults is closely related to vitamin D deficiency and reduced levels of physical activity, but little has been reported on the interaction between physical activity and the positive effects of vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to explore the interactive effect of vitamin D and physical activity on muscle mass and function through animal experiments and population surveys.MethodsMale 4‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed different purified diets: a vitamin D‐deficient diet (with increased calcium and phosphorus to prevent the effects of abnormal mineral levels on muscle) or a 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)‐supplemented diet. After 24 weeks on the assigned diets, the mice were immobilized. The level of skeletal muscle atrophy in the mice was determined by grip strength, gastrocnemius (GA) muscle mass and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA); additionally, the protein expression levels of FOXO3a and the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx were detected. A cross‐sectional study included data from 4139 older adults (64.9% women, 67.9 ± 6.7 years) as part of a survey in Shenyang, Northeast China. The associations of serum 25(OH)D3 and physical activity with timed up and go test (TUG) performance, handgrip strength, calf circumference, and body muscle mass were assessed by a linear regression analysis that was adjusted for covariates.ResultsIn activity‐limited mice, vitamin D deficiency accelerated the decrease in GA muscle weight, muscle fiber CSA, and grip strength and increased the protein expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, and FOXO3a (all P < 0.05). In addition, 1,25D supplementation may inhibit the grip‐strength reduction induced by limited activity (P = 0.069). Serum 25(OH)D3 and physical activity were linearly related to TUG time (P < 0.001) and handgrip strength (P < 0.05) after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education level, smoking status, and serum calcium level. Serum 25(OH)D3 and physical activity had interactive effects on TUG (P < 0.001) and handgrip strength (P < 0.05) but not calf circumference or body muscle mass in older adults.ConclusionsThe effect of vitamin D on muscle strength and physical performance depends on physical activity level in the elderly. It is recommended that older adults strive to avoid both physical inactivity and vitamin D deficiency. Because physical inactivity and vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate muscle atrophy, the biological mechanism may involve synergistic effects of vitamin D and physical activity on the promotion of muscle protein ubiquitination and degradation.