bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXI-17 Influence of hops on in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn grain
Authors: Castillo-Castillo Yamicela , Solis Raul , Quintana Armando A , Arzola Claudio , Olivas-Palacios Ana Luisa , Salinas-Chavira Jaime , Anderson Robin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An in vitro incubation was carried out to evaluate the potential of hops (Humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics for upgrading animal production. Whole pellets of hops (Variety Galena) were ground and incubated in a batch culture of ruminal fluid (2000 mg of ground corn grain + 10 mL of fresh rumen liquor). Ruminal fluid was collected from two beef cows through an esophageal tube. The hops were incubated by 24 h at levels of 0, 800, 1600 and 2400 µg/mL. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance using PROC GLM of SAS. Hops addition linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.01) gas production (GP; 90.89, 61.73, 36.63 and 28.37 µmol/g respectively) and methane production (MP; 9.76, 1.70, 1.30 and 0.46 µmol/g respectively). The CO2 production linearly increased as levels of hops increased (P &lt; 0.02; 87.5, 88.4, 98.1 and 99.3 µmol/g respectively). The ammonia-N production was reduced in treatment 2 with respect to other treatments (P &lt; 0.03; 12.6, 9.2, 13.7 and 13.5 µmol/g). Effects on ruminal fermentation of corn grain were dose dependent of hops. Addition of hops in ruminant feeding may offer a means to decrease ruminal methane production. Further research is needed to test efficacy of hops on other in vivo rumen-fermentation parameters.
PSXII-41 Evaluation of grain sorghum hybrids reveals potential for improving ruminal fermentation
Authors: Johnson James R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In vitro incubations were used to compare fermentation characteristics of corn (uncharacterized hybrid) to 25 sorghum parental lines and hybrids (Clemson University; Richardson Seed Inc., Lubbock, TX; Scott Seed Company, Hereford, TX). Two experiments were conducted as randomized complete block designs using ruminal contents from two ruminally-fistulated steers (blocks). Grains were ground by a 1-mm screen and used as substrates (2 g, dry matter basis) in laboratory fermenters containing strained ruminal contents and bicarbonate buffer. Fermenters were equipped with pressure monitoring devices (ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY) to quantify gas production as an indicator of microbial digestion. Cultures were incubated for 24 (experiment 1) to 30 hours (experiment 2), and gas production was recorded at 15-minute intervals. Dry matter disappearance was determined, and organic acid concentrations in the spent culture media were analyzed by gas chromatography. Experiment 1 compared corn to 24 sorghum cultivars, and experiment 2 compared corn to six sorghum cultivars, five of which were represented in experiment 1, plus one waxy hybrid. Data were analyzed using mixed models with cultivar as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. For gas production data, time and the interaction between time and cultivar also were used as fixed effects. For both experiments, there was an interaction between cultivar and time (P &lt; 0.0001) for gas production, revealing large differences among cultivars with respect to their relative susceptibility to microbial fermentation. Similarly, dry matter disappearance; production of acetate, propionate, and butyrate; and acetate:propionate varied substantially among cultivars (P &lt; 0.01), and in many cases exceeding measurements obtained with control corn. Sorghum cultivars used in these experiments varied widely in their susceptibility to digestion by ruminal microorganisms, revealing potential for development of hybrids that can compete with corn as energy sources while contributing to improved sustainability of feedlot production.
PSX-28 Narasin inclusion and different levels of hay change the cecal parameters in feedlot lambs
Authors: Sardinha Lairana A , Polizel Daniel M , Baggio Marcelo , Limede Arnaldo C , Barroso José P R , Martins André S , Oliveira Gabriela B , Ferraz Marcos V C , Vaz Pires Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Narasin is an antibiotic ionophore that may change rumen fermentation; however, the effects on the post-rumen are unknown. The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of different levels of hay and narasin inclusion on the cecal parameters of lambs. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial BW, in a 2x2 factorial treatment arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis) and the experiment lasted 112 days. At the end of the experimental period, the lambs were slaughtered without fasting, and the cecal fluid was collected to determinate pH and short chain fatty acid (SCFA). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The effects were considered significant when P &lt; 0.05. There was no interaction between forage content and narasin inclusion. Narasin increased the molar concentration of propionate (N0: 19.4; N13: 21.4 mM/100mM; P = 0.02) and decreased isobutyrate (N0: 1.6; N13: 0.7 mM/100mM; P = 0.05) and acetate:propionate ratio (N0: 3.4; N13: 2.9; P = 0.03). The valerate was greater in diets with 10% hay when compared of diets 20% (H10: 2.0; H20: 1.3 mM/100mM; P &lt; 0.01). The experimental diets not affect the molar proportion of acetate (62.7±1.3 mM/100mM), butyrate (12.9 ± 0.7 mM/100mM), isovalerate (1.3 ± 0.5 mM/100mM) total SCFA concentration (68.6 ± 8.5 mM) and cecal pH (6.2 ± 0.14). Therefore, the inclusion of 13 ppm of narasin changes the cecal fermentation in high concentrate diets. In addition, the inclusion of 10 or 20% of hay has a little influence on cecal fermentation.
PSX-27 Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on lamb ruminal fermentation
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela B , Polizel Daniel M , Biava Janaina S , Pasqualino Letícia , Oliveira Graziela , Bertoloni Analisa , Barroso José P R , Baggio Marcelo , Ferreira Evandro M , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the frequency of narasin supplementation on ruminal fermentation in lambs. Four male lambs (castrated and cannulated in the rumen) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. The experimental diets consisted of 95% coastcross hay (16% CP) and 5% ground corn (DM basis), used as the delivery vehicle for the narasin. The diet was fed daily. The treatments were: C (no additives), N24: narasin offered every 24 hours at 13 ppm; N48: narasin offered every 48 hours, being 26 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second day; N72: narasin offered every 72 hours, being 39 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second and third days. The trial lasted 4 periods of 36 days each. Between the 31st to 36th days of each period, the rumen fluid was collected (hours 0; 6 and 12). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the treatments were compared through the Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no effect at the molar concentration of acetate (76.25 ± 1.22 mM/100mM), butyrate (4.9 ± 0.59 mM/100mM), ammonia (15.17 ± 2.03 mg/dl) and pH (6.36 ± 0.13). There was an effect of the molar concentration of propionate (C = 15.88b; N24 = 17.35a; N48 = 16.91a; N72 = 16.57ab mM/100mM; P &lt; 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio (C = 4.86; a N24 = 4.38 b; N48 = 4.53b; N72 = 4.66ab; P &lt; 0.01) and the total SCFA (C = 88.96b; N24 = 107.43 a; N48 = 100.53a; N72 = 84.62b mM; P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the daily supply of narasin and every 48 hours positively affected ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs, but this effect decreased when used every 72 hours.
PSXIII-29 Farm of origin has a major influence on the colonic microbiome but alterations due to selection for feed efficiency are also evident
Authors: Vigors Stafford , Sweeney Torres 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While the intestinal microbiota is functionally important in nutrient digestibility and animal performance, the role of the microbiome in influencing feed efficiency is not well characterised. The objective of this experiment was to determine the relative influence of feed efficiency and farm of origin on the pig colonic microbiome. Animals were sourced from two geographically distinct locations in Ireland (farm A + B) and evaluated to identify pigs divergent in feed efficiency. The 8 most efficient (LRFI) & 8 least efficient (HRFI) pigs from farm A and 12 LRFI & 12 HRFI pigs from farm B were slaughtered. Colonic digesta was collected for sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Illumina MiSeq. Alpha diversity differed between the farms in this study with pigs from farm A having greater diversity based on Shannon and InvSimpson measures compared to pigs from farm B (P &lt; 0.05). In agreement with this observation, pigs grouped by farm of origin rather than RFI in the beta diversity analysis. However, despite variation between farms, interesting taxonomic differences were identified between RFI groups. Within the phylum Bacteroidetes, the LRFI pigs had increased abundance of two families BS11 (P &lt; 0.05) and a tendency towards increased Bacteroidaceae (P &lt; 0.10) relative to the HRFI group. At genus level, the LRFI pigs had a tendency towards increased Bacteroides and CF231 (P &lt; 0.10). In conclusion, while farm of origin has a substantial influence on microbial diversity in the pig colon, a microbial signature indicative of feed efficiency status was evident.
Shanks v Unilever: the sweet smell of success
Authors: Dunlop Hugh , Strath (Paralegal) Janet 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Shanks v Unilever Plc & Ors [2019] UKSC 45 (23 October 2019)
The UK Supreme Court has allowed an appeal from a Court of Appeal ruling and found that Professor Ian Shanks was entitled to £2 million in employee compensation under sections 40(1) and 41 of the Patents Act 1977.
CMET-07. TUMOR RELATED IMPAIRMENTS OF NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: Zhen Junjie , Li Shaoqun , Peng Zhangrui , Wen Lei , Lai Mingyao , Cai Linbo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To study whether the neurocognitive functions were affected by brain metastases in patients, and what are the potential risk factors.

METHODS
A total of 172 patients with brain metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Prior to radiotherapy of brain metastases, the neurocognitive functions were evaluated by a wide range of tests including MOCA, VFT, HVLT-R, TMT-A, TMT-B and TOL. Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of physical examination and neurocognitive assessment results. The related factors were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS
53 out of 172 patients (30.8%) were identified with cognitive impairments by physical examination. The assessment with neurocognitive scales revealed that there were 148 cases of cognitive impairment (86.0%) and 24 cases of normal cognition (14.0%). Kappa=0.025, indicating that the difference between neurocognitive assessment results and physical examination was significant. The univariate analysis on the factors related to neurocognitive impairment revealed that the risk factors that may affect the neurocognitive functions included age, KPS, m-GPA score, RPA classification, whether the original tumor was under control, with or without brain metastases. After adjusting for education, the multivariate analysis showed that age≥45 years old, KPS≤70, RPA classification &gt;2 and m-GPA score&lt; 3 were independent risk factors for neurocognitive impairment.

CONCLUSION
Patients with brain metastases were found to have various degrees of neurocognitive impairment prior to radiotherapy. The neurocognitive functions of patients can be more precisely evaluated by a comprehensive scale assessment. Age, KPS, RPA classification and m-GPA score are the main factors associated with neurocognitive impairment.
GENE-01. THE MUTATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF PRIMARY CHORDOMAS AND THEIR SENSITIVE DETECTION IN PLASMA ctDNA BY MULTIPLE NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Mattox Austin , Jiao Yuchen , Blair Cherie , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CNS-associated tumors are notoriously difficult to detect in plasma. Chordomas are the most common primary spinal column malignancy, and extensive surgical procedures, along with chemotherapy and radiation are required to reduce recurrence. Currently CT, MRI, and PET are used to monitor for recurrence but are limited by surgical sequalae. In addition, needle biopsy risks tumor seeding along the biopsy track. In the largest cohort of chordomas described thus far, we characterize the mutational landscape of these tumors and show that liquid biopsy is a sensitive method for detecting cancers. 34 patients with a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of chordoma had blood drawn before surgery, at the time of surgery, and/or at follow up appointments. Mutations in the primary tumor were identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and/or Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends Sequencing (RACE-Seq) was used to detect one or more of these mutations in plasma ctDNA at concurrent or later time points. The primary endpoint was detection of mutations in ctDNA in biopsy-confirmed chordoma samples. 87.9% of patients were ctDNA positive at the time of initial blood draw (p &lt; 0.001). Follow up blood draws in twenty of the patients demonstrated that ctDNA levels reflected the clinical status of the disease. Patients with positive ctDNA levels were more likely to undergo radiotherapy (p = 0.004), and the presence of ctDNA may predict response to systemic chemotherapy and/or disease recurrence. Given the significant sequelae of biopsy and spinal surgery, liquid biopsy may be the best tool for detection and monitoring of chordomas.
PATH-33. GERMLINE PREDICTORS OF HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Sener Ugur , Bhatia Ankush , DeAngelis Lisa , Mandelker Diana , Yerram Prakirthi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent commonly used in treatment of gliomas. While this agent is generally well-tolerated, hematologic toxicity is a known complication with grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 4% and grade 3/4 neutropenia in 8% of adults. Recent data in several non-CNS malignancies suggested that patients with germline mutations may carry an increased risk of hematological toxicity in the setting of alkylator chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate if germline mutations in glioma patients are associated with myelotoxicity during alkylating chemotherapy.

METHODS
In this retrospective single-institution study, we reviewed patients with glioma treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who had confirmed germline mutations identified by the institution’s Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) testing. MSK-IMPACT evaluates DNA for mutations in 76 genes known to be associated with hereditary cancer predisposition.

RESULTS
In 283 patients with glioma who underwent MSK-IMPACT testing, 16 distinct germline mutations were identified in 40 (14%) individuals. 27 had high-grade and 13 had low-grade glioma. Median age was 47 (range 1–79), 12 patients were women. 30 patients received temozolomide chemotherapy. Of the patients treated, four (13%) developed severe hematologic toxicity. Two cases of grade 3 neutropenia and four cases of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia were identified. Temozolomide was stopped during radiation therapy for three patients with grade 4 thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, and dose-reduced in one patient with grade 3 thrombocytopenia. In patients who had hematologic toxicity, germline mutations were identified in genes NBN, ATM, EPCAM, and FANCC. NBN, ATM, and FANCC are involved in DNA repair. EPCAM is involved in cell adhesion.

CONCLUSIONS
Hematologic toxicity is a known complication with alkylator chemotherapy. Germline testing may identify patients at increased risk, leading to closer monitoring, modified dosing regimens to minimize myelosuppression, and quicker intervention to prevent interruptions in treatment.
QOLP-38. PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES IN GLIOMA: THE ROLE OF IDH MUTATION ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND MOOD
Authors: Parsons Michael , Bunevicius Adomas , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH) mutation has important clinical prognostic value in glioma patients conferring improved survival and better neurocognitive function (NCF) compared to IDH wild type (IDH-WT) patients. It is not known whether IDH mutation status has an impact on patient reported outcomes (PRO). The goal of this single institution retrospective study was to examine the impact of IDH-mutation status on PRO’s in patients who also completed neuropsychological evaluation.

METHODS
Out of 101 glioma patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation between 2018–2019, 73 completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br; non-completion due to severe cognitive impairment, poor English). In addition to the total score, the FACT-Br includes 5 subscales of wellbeing (Physical, Social, Emotional, Functional, and Brain specific symptoms). 69 patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and 61 completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Self-reported symptoms were compared between those with IDH-Mut vs IDH-WT by ANOVA.

RESULTS
Diagnoses included glioblastoma (20), diffuse astrocytoma grade II/III (29) and oligodendroglioma grade II/III (24). 29/73 (40%) patients were IDH-mut. FACT-Br total scores did not differ between IDH-WT and IDH-Mut glioma patients (F=2.685; p=ns). Separate analyses of the 5 FACT-Br subscales showed that only the emotional functioning subscale differed significantly, with IDH-Mut patients reporting better emotional functioning than IDH-WT patients (F=7.4; p&lt; 0.05). BDI and BAI scores did not differ by group (F= 2.2 and 1.9, respectively; p=NS).

CONCLUSIONS
IDH mutation was related to patient reported emotional status on the FACT-Br in this mixed clinical sample of glioma patients. Analysis is complicated by the heterogeneity of the sample and retrospective nature of the study. Routine inclusion of PRO’s as standard of care may allow a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of IDH throughout the natural history of glioma.
Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Pain and Social Support in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans
Authors: Herbert Matthew S , Hernandez Jeffrey , Dochat Cara , Pittman James O E , Afari Niloofar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Although past research has identified differences in pain between non-Latino white (NLW) and Latino persons, few studies have focused on the influence of social support. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the association between the number of social support sources and ratings of pain intensity and pain interference differed as a function of ethnicity.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System

Subjects
Participants were NLW (N = 389) and Latino (N = 207) Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

Methods
Linear regression analyses were used to examine the interaction between ethnicity and number of social support sources on pain intensity and pain interference as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain inventory.

Results
The association between number of social support sources and pain intensity and interference significantly differed by ethnicity (P &lt; 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). Among NLW veterans, there was a significant negative association between number of social support sources and pain intensity. Among Latino veterans, there was a significant positive association between number of social support sources and pain intensity and interference.

Conclusions
These findings suggest important differences between NLW and Latino Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in the association between social support and pain. Future research should examine ethnic differences in pain-specific support received from the social environment.
TRANSBOUNDARY RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A HYPOTHETICAL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT IN NORTHEAST ASIA
Authors: Musauddin Ashraf , Kim Juyoul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Offsite radiological consequence investigation using computerized software has been considered as an important quantitative risk communication in order to recognize and discuss public concerns about nuclear safety and health risk in case of hypothetical nuclear accidents around specific nuclear power plants (NPPs), with guideline of lessons learned from previous nuclear disasters. In this study, Northeast Asia nuclear accident simulator (NANAS) developed by Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in Korea was used to quantify the offsite radiological consequences from Haiyang unit 1 NPP in China and to examine the emergency protective measures for the public around regions of Korea as NPPs operating in Northeast Asia countries contributed to about 25% of the industry. Broad simulations of radiological source term estimation, atmospheric dispersion analysis and radiation dose assessment to the public have been performed in case of hypothetical nuclear accident involving source term of radionuclides release taken from Fukushima accident.
Factors Related to Agreement Between Child and Caregiver Report of Child Functioning With Chronic Pain
Authors: Birnie Kathryn A. , Richardson Patricia A. , Rajagopalan Adithi V. , Bhandari Rashmi P. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Valid and efficient assessment of patient-reported outcomes remains a priority to guide pain treatment and research. PROMIS pediatric self-report and parent proxy measures offer feasible and rigorous evaluation of functioning in children with chronic conditions, including pain. A key challenge is determining the usefulness of multisource information from children and caregivers for understanding pain and function. Our primary aim examined child-caregiver agreement across child functioning domains. Our secondary aim examined child and caregiver factors associated with the child-caregiver agreement.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 806 children with chronic pain (M
age=14.50 y; 72% female individuals) and a caregiver (M
age=45.82 y; 85% mothers) completed PROMIS pediatric self-report and parent proxy measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, and mobility before intake in an interdisciplinary outpatient pediatric chronic pain program.

Results:
The agreement was poor to good depending on the evaluation method (effect size, intraclass correlation, and clinical significance interpretation). Caregivers generally reported worse child symptoms across domains compared with child self-report. The greatest discrepancy was observed for child anxiety, pain interference, and peer relations, with the greatest agreement for child mobility. The greater caregiver-child discrepancy was found for younger children, girls, with a higher child or caregiver pain catastrophizing, and poorer caregiver physical or mental health.

Discussion:
Findings are discussed within the interpersonal context of pain and indicate the relevance of both child and caregiver perspectives to personalize chronic pain assessment and treatment. Findings can be used by clinicians and researchers to guide whether and how to integrate multi-informant reports about child chronic pain functioning.