bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution to economic load dispatch using quasi-oppositional based CoDE by considering transmission line losses
Authors: Vedik B. , Shiva Chandan Kumar , Vamshidhar K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main objective of economic dispatch problem is to optimally allocate the load demand among the generating stations such that there is decrease in production cost of the power generation. In the present paper, a quasi-oppositional based composite differential evolution (QOCoDE) technique is proposed to economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. The suggested method provides optimal solutions by combining various strategies in generating trial vector with suitable control parameter settings. The proposed technique is applied on various generating units by considering fixed boundary conditions and transmission losses. The obtained results are compared with various evolutionary algorithms. The results demonstrate the capability of QOCoDE to provide optimal solutions when compared to other evolutionary techniques.
Mathematical Modeling of Five-Phase and Three-Phase Induction Motor and their Result Comparison
Authors: Saikumar Veldandi Vamshi , Sathyavani B , Suresh J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
in this paper, the mathematical model of three-phase and five-phase induction motors has been developed using PARK’S Transformation and implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK. This Mathematical modelling plays a key role in analyzing the system and its algorithms. Both the models have been tested under loaded and No load condition to find a comparative analysis. The main focus of this paper is to determine the increased capability of motor in switching from three phase to five phase.
Performance improvement of voltage controlled isolated wind power generation system consisting of linear and non-linear loads
Authors: Rajababu Durgam , Raghu Ram K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In an isolated mode operation of wind power generating system (WPGS), operating voltage and frequency are affected under sudden change of load because of more transient time, higher total harmonic distortion. To minimize the effects, the WEGS should be operated with suitable controller and the inverter should be operated with required pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. In this paper, the proposed WPGS is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink with adaptive voltage controller (AVC) and load current observer (LCO) and the inverter is operating with Unified voltage Space Vector PWM (USVPWM) technique to improve the transient behaviour of the system. The same proposed system is also simulated with conventional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) techniques. The simulation results will be analyzed in various load conditions. The conventional SVPWM results compared with the USVPWM results like transient time, load voltage and load current total harmonic distortion under balanced three-phase load.
A Review And Implementation Of A Sun Position Tracker With A Twin-Axis Control
Authors: Sucharitha P , Subrahmanyam K B V S R , Vinay Kumar Reddy Ch. , Sharvani Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents operation of twin axis sun position system with solar array. The photo voltaic cell is an device which is employed to convert light energy into electricity by photo voltaic effect the facility is stored by using batteries. this is often one among mostly used renewable source of energy. it’s pollution free, causes no greenhouse gases, simple accessibility, convertibility to the electricity and maintenance free. Thanks to its advantages, the system with Light Emitting Diode used for street lighting purpose. A Sun Tracker with a Dual-Axis Control is used to manoeuvre upward or downward to trace the sunshine throughout the day. the automated tracking system is made to regulate the solar array to take care of perpendicular to the sun and to soak up maximum amount of sunshine. These trackers generate 40-45% of power. The working of sun tracking system depends on the sunshine dependent resistors. These resistors are used as sensors which resistance decreases with increase in candlepower. This technique is most reliable, efficient and straight forward in construction.
IoT-based Fire Detection and Prevention System
Authors: Hariveena . Ch , Anitha K. , Ramesh Potharaju 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fire identification in homes is important to prevent property loss due to both natural and triggered fire events. Fire identification will prove to be very critical since the difference between life and death may mean it. Fires will come from anywhere and at any moment, but the existence of a fire alarm device helps to keep the family safe. The need to get a fire alarm device isn’t seen by certain people. They just think they’re going to smell the fire and sprint out of time. The typical time for a building to burn down is just 60 seconds today. So the fire has probably consumed the house by the time you smell the fire and decide to run inside. The Internet of Things ( IoT) is a collection of wired and internet-accessible computers. In the IOT, the ‘Stuff’ may apply to any physical unit, ranging from a toaster to a vehicle. Over the Internet, these machines can be linked and help us manipulate or gather data from them. We will be using a wide range of sensors in this paper to sense the presence of fire and alert the watchman and fire officials to its presence. In addition, a preventive solution is often introduced by putting a sprinkler on it that sprinkles the water when the fire is sensed by smoke sensors.
Raspberry PI Based Smart Walking Stick
Authors: Ganesan M. , Hemanth. R , Gunalan. S , Hemprasad. J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
People with walking disabilities or visually impaired, find it very difficult to function without any support and this makes them feel emotionally down leading to increased stress. The proposed work is an attempt to design and develop a walking stick which helps them to function independently and thereby increasing their morale. The main contribution of this work is to help a person in identifying the presence of an obstacle and take appropriate decision to bypass it. The stick is interfaced with a technology, consisting of a camera, voice recorder, speaker and Raspberry Pi, for making it intelligent. This stick can be of great help even for visually impaired.
Design of Transmission system Layout for an Agriculture Electrical All-Terrain Vehicle
Authors: Vamsi G.D.S. , Sheriff Mohammed Ajmal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tractors are consequential mechanical support in the agricultural field. They break down and authoritatively mandates repair components, implementations, and cognizance on how to effect the rehabilitation. They require routine maintenance and clean fuel (fossil fuels or bio-diesel) and cause air pollution and infelicitous disposal leads to contamination of groundwater. The paper explains the design and development of a new transmission system of an electrical ATV(all-terrain vehicles) to satisfies the desiderata in the agriculture sector and to brief the parameters that are to be considered in the development of the new transmission system layout. This paper discusses the motor situating and the selection of the drive layout which satisfies the needs in the agriculture sector and also other necessary factors.
Effect of buffer layer index on short range surface plasmon polariton based TE pass polarizer
Authors: Sharma Vinod K , Kumar Dharmendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the dependence of the extinction ratio, metal layer thickness and buffer thickness of a short length plasmonic polarizer on the buffer layer index. The polarizer section consists of a thin metal layer above the single mode dielectric waveguide separated by a low index dielectric buffer layer. Strong coupling between the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and the guided mode takes place when their phase constants are matched. The SPP mode being of TM type, interacts with the guided TM mode and is completely absorbed by metal film due to resonant coupling between the two modes. The TE guided mode does not couple to the SPP mode and is passed un-attenuated through the polarizer. The buffer layer thickness can be optimized to maximize the TM mode attenuation and reduce the TE losses, which provides a large extinction ratio. Since the polarizer is based on the interference of the SPP mode and the waveguide mode, a periodic coupling of the field takes place between these two modes. It is shown that for properly optimized layer thicknesses, an extinction ratio exceeding 200 dB can be achieved for various buffer layer indices. Effect of buffer layer index on the polarizer length is also presented.
Invited Commentary: Baby Steps to a Learning Mental Health–Care System—Can We Do the Work?
Authors: Shiner Brian , Watts Bradley V 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are an infinite number of small decisions to be made in routine clinical practice, and most will never be the subject of prospective research studies. Rather than making these decisions arbitrarily, learning health-care systems leverage experience represented by electronic health record data and other sources to inform decision-making and improve clinical practice. While this approach has been elusive in mental health, Coulombe et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(7):1210–1219) use UK National Health Service data to evaluate a decision rule for antidepressant choice created using dynamic weighted survival modeling. Although the results are equivocal in this use case, the work suggests a path forward for data-driven decision-making in routine mental health care. Such approaches will be required to set the stage for a learning mental health care system.
Zooming irresponsibly down the slippery slope
Authors: Coren Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
I show that some famous arguments against moral responsibility — most notably, Galen Strawson’s Basic Argument and Susan Wolf’s Troubling Train of Thought — reason in an unnatural way: if a clearly has some property that results in our saying that a is F, and if b less clearly has that property, then it is the case that b is F. I argue that this problem is not present in reasons-responsiveness theories of responsibility. I do so by applying Boolos’s elegant technique of generating spanning conditionals from universal instantiations of mathematical induction premises.
Island colonization by a ‘rheophilic’ fish: the phylogeography ofGarra ceylonensis(Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sudasinghe Hiranya , Dahanukar Neelesh , Raghavan Rajeev , Senavirathna Tharani , Shewale Dipeshwari J , Paingankar Mandar S , Amarasinghe Anjalie , Pethiyagoda Rohan , Rüber Lukas , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite exhibiting multiple morphological adaptations to living in swiftly flowing water (rheophily), Garra ceylonensis is one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish in Sri Lanka. It is thus an ideal organism to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a widespread, yet morphologically specialized, freshwater fish in a tropical-island setting. We analysed the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of G. ceylonensis based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes. G. ceylonensis is shown to be monophyletic, with a sister-group relationship to the Indian species Garra mullya. Our results suggest a single colonization of Sri Lanka by ancestral Garra, in the late Pliocene. This suggests that the Palk Isthmus, which was exposed for most of the Pleistocene, had a hydroclimate unsuited to the dispersal of fishes such as Garra. G. ceylonensis exhibits strong phylogeographic structure: six subclades are distributed as genetically distinct populations in clusters of contiguous river basins, albeit with two exceptions. Our data reveal one or more Pleistocene extirpation events, evidently driven by aridification, with relict populations subsequently re-colonizing the island. The phylogeographic structure of G. ceylonensis suggests inter-basin dispersal largely through headwater capture, likely facilitated by free-swimming post-larvae. The Peninsular-Indian species G. mullya comprises two genetically distinct parapatric clades, which may represent distinct species.
Macrophages: an indispensable piece of ovarian health
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Huang Lu , Brayboy Lynae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMacrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the ovary. In addition to their roles in the innate immune system, these heterogeneous tissue-resident cells are responsive to tissue-derived signals, adapt to their local tissue environment, and specialize in unique functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. Research in the past decades has established a strong link between macrophages and various aspects of ovarian physiology, indicating a pivotal role of macrophages in ovarian health. However, unlike other intensively studied organs, the knowledge of ovarian macrophages dates back to the time when the heterogeneity of ontogeny, phenotype, and function of macrophages was not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the biology of ovarian tissue-resident macrophages, highlight their regulatory roles in normal ovarian functions, review the association between certain ovarian pathologies and disturbed macrophage homeostasis, and finally, discuss the technologies that are essential for addressing key questions in the field.
Stoichiometric Ecotoxicology for a Multisubstance World
Authors: Peace Angela , Frost Paul C , Wagner Nicole D , Danger Michael , Accolla Chiara , Antczak Philipp , Brooks Bryan W , Costello David M , Everett Rebecca A , Flores Kevin B , Heggerud Christopher M , Karimi Roxanne , Kang Yun , Kuang Yang , Larson James H , Mathews Teresa , Mayer Gregory D , Murdock Justin N , Murphy Cheryl A , Nisbet Roger M , Pecquerie Laure , Pollesch Nathan , Rutter Erica M , Schulz Kimberly L , Scott J Thad , Stevenson Louise , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nutritional and contaminant stressors influence organismal physiology, trophic interactions, community structure, and ecosystem-level processes; however, the interactions between toxicity and elemental imbalance in food resources have been examined in only a few ecotoxicity studies. Integrating well-developed ecological theories that cross all levels of biological organization can enhance our understanding of ecotoxicology. In the present article, we underline the opportunity to couple concepts and approaches used in the theory of ecological stoichiometry (ES) to ask ecotoxicological questions and introduce stoichiometric ecotoxicology, a subfield in ecology that examines how contaminant stress, nutrient supply, and elemental constraints interact throughout all levels of biological organization. This conceptual framework unifying ecotoxicology with ES offers potential for both empirical and theoretical studies to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the adverse outcomes of chemicals across ecological scales and improve the predictive powers of ecotoxicology.
Instagramming Diasporic Mobilities: The Black Travel Movement and Differential Spatial Racialization
Authors: Peters Charnell 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 2010s saw the onset of the Black Travel Movement—an influx of travel companies aimed at a rising Black customer base, whose travel habits are redefining a traditionally White industry. This study interrogates how Black travel companies produce representations that create new possibilities for Blackness on a global scale. To that end, this article forwards the concept of differential spatial racialization. Differential spatial racialization builds from the Critical Race Theory (CRT) concept of differential racialization to explicate how race and racial meanings change across spatial contexts. This article undertakes a narrative analysis of the Instagram accounts of two prominent Black travel companies, Travel Noire and Nomadness Travel Tribe. Results reveal how Travel Noire and Nomadness Travel Tribe minimize the presence of differential spatial racialization by drawing on discourses of global Blackness. Simultaneously, their homogenous depictions and curated posts erase and idealize processes of differential spatial racialization in Black travel.
Pubertal Testosterone and the Structure of the Cerebral Cortex in Young Men
Authors: Liao Zhijie , Patel Yash , Khairullah Ammar , Parker Nadine , Paus Tomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adolescence is a period of brain maturation that may involve a second wave of organizational effects of sex steroids on the brain. Rodent studies suggest that, overall, organizational effects of gonadal steroid hormones decrease from the prenatal/perinatal period to adulthood. Here we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether 1) testosterone exposure during adolescence (9–17 years) correlates with the structure of cerebral cortex in young men (n = 216, 19 years of age); 2) this relationship is modulated by the timing of testosterone surge during puberty. Our results showed that pubertal testosterone correlates with structural properties of the cerebral cortex, as captured by principal component analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times, myelin water fraction, magnetization transfer ratio, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Many of the correlations between pubertal testosterone and the cortical structure were stronger in individuals with earlier (vs. later) testosterone surge. We also demonstrated that the strength of the relationship between pubertal testosterone and cortical structure across the cerebral cortex varies as a function of inter-regional profiles of gene expression specific to dendrites, axonal cytoskeleton, and myelin. This finding suggests that the cellular substrate underlying the relationships between pubertal testosterone and cerebral cortex involves both dendritic arbor and axon.
Heritability of Functional Connectivity in Resting State: Assessment of the Dynamic Mean, Dynamic Variance, and Static Connectivity across Networks
Authors: Barber Anita D , Hegarty Catherine E , Lindquist Martin , Karlsgodt Katherine H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent efforts to evaluate the heritability of the brain’s functional connectome have predominantly focused on static connectivity. However, evaluating connectivity changes across time can provide valuable insight about the inherent dynamic nature of brain function. Here, the heritability of Human Connectome Project resting-state fMRI data was examined to determine whether there is a genetic basis for dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity. The dynamic connectivity variance, in addition to the dynamic mean and standard static connectivity, was evaluated. Heritability was estimated using Accelerated Permutation Inference for the ACE (APACE), which models the additive genetic (h2), common environmental (c2), and unique environmental (e2) variance. Heritability was moderate (mean h2: dynamic mean = 0.35, dynamic variance = 0.45, and static = 0.37) and tended to be greater for dynamic variance compared to either dynamic mean or static connectivity. Further, heritability of dynamic variance was reliable across both sessions for several network connections, particularly between higher-order cognitive and visual networks. For both dynamic mean and static connectivity, similar patterns of heritability were found across networks. The findings support the notion that dynamic connectivity is genetically influenced. The flexibility of network connections, not just their strength, is a heritable endophenotype that may predispose trait behavior.
The physiological potential of anammox bacteria as revealed by their core genome structure
Authors: Okubo Takashi , Toyoda Atsushi , Fukuhara Kohei , Uchiyama Ikuo , Harigaya Yuhki , Kuroiwa Megumi , Suzuki Takuma , Murakami Yuka , Suwa Yuichi , Takami Hideto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present here the second complete genome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, Candidatus (Ca.) Brocadia pituitae, along with those of a nitrite oxidizer and two incomplete denitrifiers from the anammox bacterial community (ABC) metagenome. Although NO2− reduction to NO is considered to be the first step in anammox, Ca. B. pituitae lacks nitrite reductase genes (nirK and nirS) responsible for this reaction. Comparative genomics of Ca. B. pituitae with Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and six other anammox bacteria with nearly complete genomes revealed that their core genome structure contains 1,152 syntenic orthologues. But nitrite reductase genes were absent from the core, whereas two other Brocadia species possess nirK and these genes were horizontally acquired from multiple lineages. In contrast, at least five paralogous hydroxylamine oxidoreductase genes containing candidate ones (hao2 and hao3) encoding another nitrite reductase were observed in the core. Indeed, these two genes were also significantly expressed in Ca. B. pituitae as in other anammox bacteria. Because many nirS and nirK genes have been detected in the ABC metagenome, Ca. B. pituitae presumably utilises not only NO supplied by the ABC members but also NO and/or NH2OH by self-production for anammox metabolism.
The Economic Legacy of Expulsion: Lessons from Post-War Czechoslovakia
Authors: Testa Patrick A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the long-run effects of forced migration on economic development in the origin economy, using Czechoslovakia’s expulsion of three million Germans after WWII. For identification, I use the discontinuity in ethnic composition at the border of the Sudetenland region where Germans lived. Germans had similar characteristics to Czechs, bypassing factors driving effects in other cases of forced migration, such as differences in human capital. The expulsion produced persistent disparities in population density, sector composition and educational attainment. I trace effects to selective initial resettlements and capital extraction following the expulsion, culminating in urban decay and human capital decline.
Aging Narratives Over 210 Years (1810–2019)
Authors: Ng Reuben , Chow Ting Yu Joanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The World Health Organization launched a recent global campaign to combat ageism, citing its ubiquity and insidious threat to health. The historical context that promoted this pernicious threat is understudied, and such studies lay the critical foundation for designing societal-level campaigns to combat it. We analyzed the trend and content of aging narratives over 210 years across multiple genres—newspaper, magazines, fiction, nonfiction books—and modeled the predictors of the observed trend.

Method
A 600-million-word dataset was created from the Corpus of Historical American English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English to form the largest structured historical corpus with over 150,000 texts from multiple genres. Computational linguistics and statistical techniques were applied to study the trend, content, and predictors of aging narratives.

Results
Aging narratives have become more negative, in a linear fashion (p = .003), over 210 years. There are distinct shifts: From uplifting narratives of heroism and kinship in the 1800s to darker tones of illness, death, and burden in the 1900s across newspapers, magazines, and nonfiction books. Fiction defied this trend by portraying older adults positively through romantic courtship and war heroism. Significant predictors of ageism over 210 years are the medicalization of aging, loss of status, warmth, competence, and social ostracism.

Discussion
Though it is unrealistic to reverse the course of ageism, its declining trajectory can be ameliorated. Our unprecedented study lay the groundwork for a societal-level campaign to tackle ageism. The need to act is more pressing given the Covid-19 pandemic where older adults are constantly portrayed as vulnerable.