bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social integration and loneliness among long-term care home residents: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Bethell Jennifer , Babineau Jessica , Iaboni Andrea , Green Robin , Cuaresma-Canlas Rachelle , Karunananthan Roobika , Schon Barbara , Schon Denise , McGilton Katherine S 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionSocial well-being is associated with better physical and mental health. It is also important for quality of life, including from the perspectives of those living in long-term care (LTC) homes. However, given the characteristics of the LTC home environment and the people who live there, the nature and influence of social integration and loneliness, and strategies to address them, may differ in this population compared with those living in the community. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the nature and extent of research on social integration and loneliness among LTC home residents, including a summary of how these concepts have been operationalised and any evidence from specific groups.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes the methods of a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature related to social integration and loneliness among LTC home residents. A literature search was developed by an Information Specialist and will be conducted in MEDLINE(R) ALL (in Ovid, including Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily) and then translated into CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Sociological Abstracts (Proquest), Embase and Embase Classic (Ovid), Emcare Nursing (Ovid) and AgeLine (EBSCO). Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts of articles identified in the search. Two reviewers will then independently review full text articles for inclusion. Data extraction will also be carried out in duplicate. We will engage LTC home community members, including residents, family and staff, to refine the review questions, assist in interpreting the results and participate in knowledge translation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. We will present findings at conferences and publish in a peer-reviewed journal. Ultimately, we hope to inform future observational and interventional research aimed at improving the health and quality of life of LTC home residents.
Instruments that measure psychosocial factors related to vaccination: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kaufman Jessica , Ryan Rebecca , Betsch Cornelia , Parkhill Anne , Shapiro Gilla , Leask Julie , Menning Lisa , Tugwell Peter , Costa Daniel SJ , Danchin Margaret , Rada Gabriel , Hill Sophie 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionAs vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks increase, there is growing international interest in monitoring public attitudes towards vaccination and implementing and evaluating vaccine promotion interventions. Outcome selection and measurement are central to intervention evaluation. Measuring uptake rates alone cannot determine which elements in a multicomponent vaccine-promotion intervention are most effective, why specific populations are undervaccinated or when confidence in vaccines is wavering. To develop targeted and cost-effective interventions and policies, it is necessary to measure vaccination-related psychosocial factors such as knowledge, attitudes and aspects of decision-making. This scoping review aims to identify, compare and summarise the properties and validation of instruments for measuring vaccination-related psychosocial factors and identify gaps where no instruments exist.Methods and analysisWe will search Medline OVID, Embase OVID, CINAHL and PsycINFO with no date restriction, using a pilot-tested search strategy of terms related to vaccination: knowledge, attitudes, trust, acceptance and decision-making and measurement, psychometric testing or validation. This search will be supplemented with manual search and expert consultation. We will include studies that describe instrument development, adaptation or testing and include evaluation of at least two measurement properties (eg, content, criterion, or construct validity; test–retest reliability; internal consistency; sensitivity; responsiveness). Instruments measuring a vaccination-related psychosocial factor in any population will be included. All studies will be screened by one reviewer, with a sample double-screened to confirm accuracy. Disagreements will be resolved with a third reviewer. Data will be synthesised narratively and through summary tables to chart and compare instrument characteristics such as factors measured, date and/or location of development or validation, measurement properties evaluated and population.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review aims to provide an overview of existing instruments and ascertain measurement gaps where no measurement instruments currently exist. The identified instruments will form the basis of an open-access online repository of instruments.
Inline perfusion mapping provides insights into the disease mechanism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Camaioni Claudia , Knott Kristopher D , Augusto Joao B , Seraphim Andreas , Rosmini Stefania , Ricci Fabrizio , Boubertakh Redha , Xue Hui , Hughes Rebecca , Captur Gaby , Lopes Luis Rocha , Brown Louise Anne Elizabeth , Manisty Charlotte , Petersen Steffen Erhard , Plein Sven , Kellman Peter , Mohiddin Saidi A , Moon James C 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveIn patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the role of small vessel disease and myocardial perfusion remains incompletely understood and data on absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF, mL/g/min) are scarce. We measured MBF using cardiovascular magnetic resonance fully quantitative perfusion mapping to determine the relationship between perfusion, hypertrophy and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in HCM.Methods101 patients with HCM with unobstructed epicardial coronary arteries and 30 controls (with matched cardiovascular risk factors) underwent pixel-wise perfusion mapping during adenosine stress and rest. Stress, rest MBF and the myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR, ratio of stress to rest) were calculated globally and segmentally and then associated with segmental wall thickness and LGE.ResultsIn HCM, 79% had a perfusion defect on clinical read. Stress MBF and MPR were reduced compared with controls (mean±SD 1.63±0.60 vs 2.30±0.64 mL/g/min, p<0.0001 and 2.21±0.87 vs 2.90±0.90, p=0.0003, respectively). Globally, stress MBF fell with increasing indexed left ventricle mass (R2for the model 0.186, p=0.036) and segmentally with increasing wall thickness and LGE (both p<0.0001). In 21% of patients with HCM, MBF was lower during stress than rest (MPR <1) in at least one myocardial segment, a phenomenon which was predominantly subendocardial. Apparently normal HCM segments (normal wall thickness, no LGE) had reduced stress MBF and MPR compared with controls (mean±SD 1.88±0.81 mL/g/min vs 2.32±0.78 mL/g/min, p<0.0001).ConclusionsMicrovascular dysfunction is common in HCM and associated with hypertrophy and LGE. Perfusion can fall during vasodilator stress and is abnormal even in apparently normal myocardium suggesting it may be an early disease marker.
Extracellular ATP and Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor Signaling Promote Liver Tumorigenesis in Mice by Exacerbating DNA Damage
Authors: Schulien Isabel , Hockenjos Birgit , van Marck Veerle , Ayata C. Korcan , Follo Marie , Thimme Robert , Hasselblatt Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Release of ATP to the extracellular compartment and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors is a conserved mechanism mediating inflammatory responses and cell fate decisions in various organs including the liver. Previous findings suggest that extracellular ATP may promote liver tumorigenesis, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, our aim was to dissect the functions of extracellular ATP and P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2R) during hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver tumors were induced in wild-type and P2y2r−/− knockout mice by intraperitoneal diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection. Tumorigenesis was analyzed after 8 to 10 months and molecular analyses were performed at different stages of tumorigenesis in vivo, as well as in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Liver tumor incidence and tumor numbers were strongly reduced in P2y2r−/− mice, whereas tumor size and morphology were comparable to wild-type controls, suggesting that P2Y2R contributes to tumor initiation. Mechanistically, hepatocyte proliferation in DEN-treated P2y2r−/− mice was reduced, which correlated with reduced c-JUN and CCND1 but increased p21 expression. Moreover, DNA damage as determined by hepatocellular expression of γH2A.X and of genes related to genotoxic stress, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation, was reduced in the absence of P2y2r. Administration of genotoxic agents to primary hepatocytes in vitro confirmed that DNA damage was indeed exacerbated by extracellular ATP, subsequent P2Y2R activation, and downstream intracellular calcium-dependent signal transduction. In conclusion, our data reveal that extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2R function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Significance:
Extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2 receptor function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure
Authors: Kelly Jacob P. , DeVore Adam D. , Wu JingJing , Hammill Bradley G. , Sharma Abhinav , Cooper Lauren B. , Felker G. Michael , Piccini Jonathan P. , Allen Larry A. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Peterson Eric D. , Yancy Clyde W. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hernandez Adrian F. 
Published: December 2019

Background
Limited data exist to guide treatment for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation, including the important decision regarding rate versus rhythm control.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure (GWTG‐HF) registry linked to Medicare claims data from 2008 to 2014 to describe current treatments for rate versus rhythm control and subsequent outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation using inverse probability weighted analysis. Rhythm control was defined as use of an antiarrhythmic medication, cardioversion, or
AF
ablation or surgery. Rate control was defined as use of any combination of β‐blocker, calcium channel blocker, and digoxin without evidence of rhythm control. Among 15 682 fee‐for‐service Medicare patients, at the time of discharge, 1857 were treated with rhythm control and 13 825 with rate control, with minimal differences in baseline characteristics between groups. There was higher all‐cause death at 1 year in the rate control compared with the rhythm control group (37.5% and 30.8%, respectively,
P
<0.01). The lower 1‐year all‐cause death in the rhythm control group remained after risk adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95%
CI
, 0.75–0.98;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Rhythm control in patients aged 65 and older with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and
AF
was associated with a lower risk of 1 year all‐cause mortality. Future prospective randomized studies are needed to explore this potential benefit.
Association of High‐Density Lipoprotein Particles and High‐Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein C‐III Content With Cardiovascular Disease Risk According to Kidney Function: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lamprea‐Montealegre Julio A. , McClelland Robyn L. , Otvos James D. , Mora Samia , Koch Manja , Jensen Majken K. , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: December 2019

Background

Chronic kidney disease is associated with structural and compositional abnormalities in high‐density lipoprotein particles (HDLp). We examined associations of HDLp size, particle subfractions, and apolipoprotein C‐
III
content with incident cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) events across categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
).

Methods and Results

Analyses included 6699 participants in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with measurements of HDLp and 5723 participants with measurements of
HDL
apolipoprotein C‐
III
. Cox‐regression methods were used to evaluate associations between HDLp and apolipoproteins with
CVD
events. Larger HDLp size was associated with lower
CVD
risk in participants with lower
eGFR
: hazard ratio (95%
CI
) per SD higher mean
HDL
size was 1.00 (0.90–1.11) in
eGFR
≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, 0.65 (0.48–0.86) in
eGFR
45 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, and 0.48 (0.25–0.93) in
eGFR
<45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(
P
for interaction=0.05). Associations of HDLp subfractions with
CVD
varied significantly by
eGFR
(
P
for interaction=0.04), with significant inverse associations between higher concentrations of large HDLp and
CVD
events across categories of kidney function, but nonsignificant results for small HDLp. Only HDLp without apolipoprotein C‐
III
was associated with lower risk of
CVD
events, with seemingly (albeit not statistically significant) stronger associations among participants with lower
eGFR
(
P
for interaction=0.19).

Conclusions

HDL
particles of larger size and higher concentrations of large
HDL
and of
HDL
without apolipoprotein C‐
III
were associated with lower
CVD
risk, with risk estimates seemingly stronger among participants with lower
eGFR
. Future larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Novel Self‐Report Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Authors: Mansoor Hend , Jo Ara , Beau De Rochars V. Madsen , Pepine Carl J. , Mainous Arch G. 
Published: December 2019

Background
The currently used atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator relies on several measured variables and does not incorporate some well‐established risk factors such as family history of premature myocardial infarction and other nontraditional risk factors. Our study aimed to develop and validate a simple risk score to predict 10‐year risk of incident cardiovascular events using patient‐reported information.

Methods and Results
Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort, we identified adults with no previous history of cardiovascular disease and randomly divided the cohort into “development” (70%) and “validation” (30%) subgroups. Adjusted Cox regression modeling was used to develop a prediction model. The predictive performance of the new risk score was compared with the score derived from the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator. A total of 9285 individuals met the inclusion criteria. During follow‐up (median 8.93 years), a total of 694 (7.47%) incident cardiovascular events occurred. The following 6 factors were included: male sex, age, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and family history of premature myocardial infarction. The C‐statistic was 0.72 in the validation cohort with good calibration. The area under the curve for the simple risk score was comparable to the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score.

Conclusions
The novel simple risk score is an easy‐to‐use tool to predict cardiovascular events in adults from self‐reported information without need for laboratory or physical examination data. This risk score included 6‐items and had comparable predictive performance to the guideline recommended atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score but relies solely on self‐reported information.
Patient‐Specific 3‐Dimensional–Bioprinted Model for In Vitro Analysis and Treatment Planning of Pulmonary Artery Atresia in Tetralogy of Fallot and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Tomov Martin L. , Cetnar Alexander , Do Katherine , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Serpooshan Vahid 
Published: December 2019

Background
Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a heterogeneous form of pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis that requires multiple forms of intervention. We present a patient‐specific in vitro platform capable of sustained flow that can be used to train proceduralists and surgical teams in current interventions, as well as in developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat various vascular anomalies. Our objective is to develop an in vitro model of PA stenosis based on patient data that can be used as an in vitro phantom to model cardiovascular disease and explore potential interventions.

Methods and Results

From patient‐specific scans obtained via computer tomography or 3‐dimensional (3D) rotational angiography, we generated digital 3D models of the arteries. Subsequently, in vitro models of tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were first 3D printed using biocompatible resins and next bioprinted using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel to simulate neonatal vasculature or second‐order branches of an older patient with tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Printed models were used to study creation of extraluminal connection between an atretic PA and a major aortopulmonary collateral artery using a catheter‐based interventional method. Following the recanalization, engineered
PA
constructs were perfused and flow was visualized using contrast agents and x‐ray angiography. Further, computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to analyze flow in the recanalized model.

Conclusions
New 3D‐printed and computational fluid dynamics models for vascular atresia were successfully created. We demonstrated the unique capability of a printed model to develop a novel technique for establishing blood flow in atretic vessels using clinical imaging, together with 3D bioprinting–based tissue engineering techniques. Additive biomanufacturing technologies can enable fabrication of functional vascular phantoms to model PA stenosis conditions that can help develop novel clinical applications.
Differences in Admission Blood Pressure Among Causes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Jessica , Piran Pirouz , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Ong Hanley , Gupta Ajay , Murthy Santosh B. , Díaz Iván , Stieg Philip E. , Knopman Jared , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N. , Fink Matthew E. , Merkler Alexander E. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
It is unknown whether admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) differs among causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We sought to elucidate an association between admission BP and ICH cause.

Methods—
We compared admission SBP across ICH causes among patients in the Cornell Acute Stroke Academic Registry, which includes all adults with ICH at our center from 2011 through 2017. Trained analysts prospectively collected demographics, comorbidities, and admission SBP, defined as the first recorded value in the emergency department or on transfer from another hospital. ICH cause was adjudicated by a panel of neurologists using the SMASH-U criteria. We used ANOVA to compare mean admission SBP among ICH causes. We used multiple linear regression to adjust for age, sex, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hematoma size. In secondary analyses, we compared hourly SBP measurements during the first 72 hours after admission, using mixed-effects linear models adjusted for the covariates above plus antihypertensive agents.

Results—

Among 484 patients with ICH, admission SBP varied significantly across ICH causes, ranging from 138 (±24) mm Hg in those with structural vascular lesions to 167 (±35) mm Hg in those with hypertensive ICH (
P
<0.001). The mean admission SBP in hypertensive ICH was 17 (95% CI, 11–24) mm Hg higher than in ICH of all other causes combined. These differences remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hematoma size (
P
<0.001), and this persisted throughout the first 72 hours of hospitalization (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
In a single-center ICH registry, SBP varied significantly among ICH causes, both on admission and during hospitalization. Our results suggest that BP in the acute post-ICH setting is at least partly associated with ICH cause rather than simply representing a physiological reaction to the ICH itself.
Using Action-congruent Language Facilitates the Motor Response during Action Observation: A Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Eye-tracking Study
Authors: Franklin Zoë Claire , Wright David James , Holmes Paul Stewart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is evidence that action observation (AO) and the processing of action-related words are associated with increased activity in cortical motor regions. Research has examined the effects of AO and action verb processing on activity in the motor system independently. The aim of this experiment was to investigate, for the first time, the modulation of corticospinal excitability and visual attention during the concurrent processing of action verbs and AO stimuli. Twenty participants took part in an integrated transcranial magnetic stimulation and eye-tracking protocol. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered to the hand representation of the left motor cortex during (i) observation of a static hand, (ii) AO of a hand squeezing a sponge, (iii) AO of the same action with an audio recording of the word “squeeze,” and (iv) AO of the same action with an audio recording of the word “green”. Motor evoked potentials were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles of the right hand. Eye gaze was recorded throughout the four conditions as a proxy for visual attention. Interviews were conducted to discuss participants' preferences and imagery use for each condition. The AO and action verb condition resulted in significantly increased motor evoked potential amplitudes in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle; participants also made significantly more fixations on the sponge and reported wanting to move their hand more in the action verb condition. The inclusion of auditory action verbs, alongside AO stimuli, in movement simulation interventions could have implications for the delivery of AO interventions for motor (re)learning.
The water flea Daphnia pulex (Cladocera, Daphniidae), a possible model organism to evaluate aspects of freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Norambuena Juan-Alejandro , Farías Jorge , De los Ríos Patricio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Daphnia pulex is a freshwater planktonic crustacean, allegedly a cosmopolitan species, which is found in lentic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of D. pulex related to its life history and genetic variability, in order to mark a route for future studies. We noted that D. pulex is a model species on which ecological studies have been carried out, as well as molecular studies, in which its molecular diversity has been characterized and such in specimens from different environments: both pristine and under human influence. In particular those studies are highlighted, in which molecular tools have been used to construct phylogenetic trees for study intraspecific differences. Also, in some of these molecular studies, analyses of genetic, inter- and intraspecific diversity have been performed. In addition, analyses of protein expression in D. pulex and related species seem promising in evaluating the detailed role of this species.