bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULASI SEDIAAN LOTION ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
Authors: Sartika Widya Ayu Dewi , Taniasari Nungky 
Published: November 2019

Rambutan adalah tanaman musiman yang kulit buahnya kaya dengan kandungan flavonoid berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan, sehingga dapat dipergunakan dan diformulasi sebagai anti aging.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memformulasi sediaan lotion dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah rambutan yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah rambutan diperoleh dengan cara maserasi kulit buah rambutan menggunakan larutan penyari etanol 70% selama 4 hari. Formulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 konsentrasi ekstrak dalam lotion, yaitu F1 (0,5%), F2 (1%) dan F3 (1,5%) untuk mendapatkan lotion yang stabil. Pengamatan kestabilan fisika dilakukan dengan uji organoleptis, homogenitas dan viskositas sementara kestabilan kimia diamati dengan pengamatan pH sediaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula menghasilkan lotion berwarna coklat, kental, homogen dengan pH = 5 dan viskositas terendah sampai tertinggi pada formula F2 = 2147,34 cp; F3 = 2160,07 cp dan F1 = 2694,78 cp. Ketiga formula menghasilkan lotion dengan pH dan viskositas yang sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Pepaya) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli
Authors: Is Tri Puji 
Published: November 2019

Isolasi zat aktif dari herba menimbulkan pandangan baru bahwa tiap herba memiliki zat aktif (satu atau lebih). Carica papaya L memiliki zat aktif yang berhasil diisolasi, zat – zat tersebut dapat menggantikan pemakaian herba untuk tujuan pengobatan. Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri yang banyak terdapat di usus besar (colon) manusia dan sebagai flora normal colon, sifat Escherichia coli dapat menyebabkan infeksi primer pada usus besar sehingga menyebabkan penyakit diare. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Daun Pepaya tua berwarna hijau tua yang diperoleh dari UPT Materia Medika Batu. Dicuci bersih kemudian dikeringkan, kemudian dihaluskan dengan cara diblender. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 konsentrasi dan kontrol negatif. Metode pengujian antibakteri yang digunakan adalah difusi kertas cakram. Diameter zona hambat pada tiap konsentrasi dianalisis menggunakan statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan melakukan replikasi sebanyak 6 kali pada konsentrasi 20 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,25 mm, 40 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,43 mm, 60µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,7 mm, 80 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,8 dan 100 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,9 mm dengan kategori sedang. Dapat dikatakan terdapat pengaruh aktivitas antibakteri pada Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan bakteri Escherichia coli maka, semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka daya hambat yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL PEGAGAN (Centela asiatica L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Hermawati Retna , Asri Milu 
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogen pada manusia yang menyebabkan berbagai manifestasi klinis. Infeksi sering terjadi baik di lingkungan yang didapat masyarakat maupun yang didapat di rumah sakit dan pengobatan tetap sulit untuk dikelola karena munculnya strain yang resistan terhadap beberapa obat seperti MRSA. Salah satu manifestasi klinis akibat infeksi bakteri tyersebut adalah bisul, kulit melepuh, dan jerawat. Jerawat merupkan salah satu masalah kesehatan kulit yang menggangu. Tingkat keparahan jerawat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh jumlah produksi kelenjar minyak. Minyak, kotoran atau debu, dan keringat dapat menyumbat pori serta adanya bakteri penyebab jerawat (P. acne) dapat menimbulkan jerawat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) merupakan tanaman liar yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat. Centella asiatica L. mengandung senyawa glikosida saponin yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini diawali dengan proses ekstraksi kandungan centolloid dari pegagan dengan diekstraksi dengan etanol 96% menggunakan alat soxhlet pada suhu 60-80oC. Kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator pada suhu 60oC sampai diperoleh ekstrak kental. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan gel kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya secara in vitro mengunakan metode difusi agar. Sediaan gel ekstrak etanol pegagan stabil hingga penyimpanan dalam jangka waktu 30 hari terlihat dari organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, dan daya sebar yang tidak berubah dari awal pembuatan. Daya hambat sediaan gel ekstrak etanol pegagan adalah 25 mm termasuk dalam katagori daya hambat kuat yaitu >20 mm, sama dengan daya hambat kontrol positif dalam penelitian ini yaitu clindamicyn sebesar 30 mm.
The Data Analysis Pipeline for the SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU Galaxy Survey: Overview
Authors: Westfall Kyle B. , Cappellari Michele , Bershady Matthew A. , Bundy Kevin , Belfiore Francesco , Ji Xihan , Law David R. , Schaefer Adam , Shetty Shravan , Tremonti Christy A. , Yan Renbin , Andrews Brett H. , Brownstein Joel R. , Cherinka Brian , Coccato Lodovico , Drory Niv , Maraston Claudia , Parikh Taniya , Sánchez-Gallego José R. , Thomas Daniel , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge , Du Cheng , Goddard Daniel , Li Niu , Masters Karen , Ibarra Medel Héctor Javier , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Yang Meng , Zheng Zheng , Zhou Shuang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is currently acquiring integral-field spectroscopy for the largest sample of galaxies to date. By 2020, the MaNGA Survey—which is one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV)—will have observed a statistically representative sample of 104 galaxies in the local universe (z ≲ 0.15). In addition to a robust data-reduction pipeline (DRP), MaNGA has developed a data-analysis pipeline (DAP) that provides higher-level data products. To accompany the first public release of its code base and data products, we provide an overview of the MaNGA DAP, including its software design, workflow, measurement procedures and algorithms, performance, and output data model. In conjunction with our companion paper (Belfiore et al.), we also assess the DAP output provided for 4718 observations of 4648 unique galaxies in the recent SDSS Data Release 15 (DR15). These analysis products focus on measurements that are close to the data and require minimal model-based assumptions. Namely, we provide stellar kinematics (velocity and velocity dispersion), emission-line properties (kinematics, fluxes, and equivalent widths), and spectral indices (e.g., D4000 and the Lick indices). We find that the DAP provides robust measurements and errors for the vast majority (>99%) of analyzed spectra. We summarize assessments of the precision and accuracy of our measurements as a function of signal-to-noise. We also provide specific guidance to users regarding the limitations of the data. The MaNGA DAP software is publicly available and we encourage community involvement in its development.
The Large-scale Ionization Cones in the Galaxy
Authors: Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Maloney Philip R. , Sutherland Ralph , Groves Brent , Guglielmo Magda , Li Wenhao , Curzons Andrew , Cecil Gerald , Fox Andrew J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is compelling evidence for a highly energetic Seyfert explosion (1056–57 erg) that occurred in the Galactic center a few million years ago. The clearest indications are the X-ray/γ-ray “10 kpc bubbles” identified by the ROSAT and Fermi satellites. In an earlier paper, we suggested another manifestation of this nuclear activity, i.e., elevated Hα emission along a section of the Magellanic Stream due to a burst (or flare) of ionizing radiation from Sgr A*. We now provide further evidence for a powerful flare event: UV absorption line ratios (in particular

/

, Si iv/Si ii) observed by the Hubble Space Telescope reveal that some Magellanic Stream clouds toward both galactic poles are highly ionized by a source capable of producing ionization energies up to at least 50 eV. We show how these are clouds caught in a beam of bipolar, radiative “ionization cones” from a Seyfert nucleus associated with Sgr A*. In our model, the biconic axis is tilted by about 15° from the south Galactic pole with an opening angle of roughly 60°. For the Magellanic Stream at such large Galactic distances (D ≳ 75 kpc), nuclear activity is a plausible explanation for all of the observed signatures: elevated Hα emission and H ionization fraction (x

e
≳ 0.5), enhanced

/

and Si iv/Si ii ratios, and high

and Si iv column densities. Wind-driven “shock cones” are ruled out because the Fermi bubbles lose their momentum and energy to the Galactic corona long before reaching the Magellanic Stream. Our time-dependent Galactic ionization model (stellar populations, hot coronal gas, cloud–halo interaction) is too weak to explain the Magellanic Stream’s ionization. Instead, the nuclear flare event must have had a radiative UV luminosity close to the Eddington limit (f

E
≈ 0.1–1). Our time-dependent Seyfert flare models adequately explain the observations and indicate that the Seyfert flare event took place T

o
= 3.5 ± 1 Myr ago. The timing estimates are consistent with the mechanical timescales needed to explain the X-ray/γ-ray bubbles in leptonic jet/wind models (≈2–8 Myr).
Dust Rotational Dynamics in Nonstationary Shock: Rotational Disruption of Nanoparticles by Stochastic Mechanical Torques and Spinning Dust Emission
Authors: Tram Le Ngoc , Hoang Thiem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In a previous work, Hoang and Tram discovered a new mechanism for destruction of nanoparticles due to suprathermal rotation of grains in stationary C-shocks, which is termed rotational disruption. In this paper, we extend our previous study for nonstationary shocks driven by outflows and young supernova remnants that have dynamical ages shorter than the time required to establish a stationary C-shock, which is composed of a C-shock and a J-shock tail (referred to as CJ-shock). For the C-shock component, we find that the smallest nanoparticles (size ≲1 nm) of weak materials (i.e., tensile strength S
max ≲ 109 erg cm−3) can be rotationally disrupted owing to suprathermal rotation induced by supersonic neutral drift. For the J-shock component, although nanoparticles are rotating thermally, the smallest ones can still be disrupted because the gas is heated to higher temperatures by J-shocks. We then model microwave emission from rapidly spinning nanoparticles where the grain size distribution has the lower cutoff determined by rotational disruption for the different shock models. We also calculate the spectral flux of microwave emission from a shocked region at a distance of 100 pc from the observer for the different gas density, shock age, and shock velocities. We suggest that microwave emission from spinning dust can be used to trace nanoparticles and shock velocities in dense molecular outflows. Finally, we discuss a new way that can release molecules from the nanoparticle surface into the gas in the shocked regions, which we name rotational desorption.
Comet 240P/NEAT Is Stirring
Authors: Kelley Michael S. P. , Bodewits Dennis , Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Farnham Tony L. , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Helou George , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Prince Thomas A. , Rusholme Ben , Shupe David L. , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Zolkower Jeffry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Comets are primitive objects that formed in the protoplanetary disk, and have been largely preserved over the history of the solar system. However, they are not pristine, and surfaces of cometary nuclei do evolve. In order to understand the extent of their primitive nature, we must define the mechanisms that affect their surfaces and comae. We examine the lightcurve of comet 240P/NEAT over three consecutive orbits, and investigate three events of significant brightening (Δm ∼ −2 mag). Unlike typical cometary outbursts, each of the three events are long-lived, with enhanced activity for at least 3–6 months. The third event, observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility, occurred in at least two stages. The anomalous behavior appears to have started after the comet was perturbed by Jupiter in 2007, reducing its perihelion distance from 2.53 to 2.12 au. We suggest that the brightening events are temporary transitions to a higher baseline activity level, brought on by the increased insolation, which has warmed previously insulated sub-surface layers. The new activity is isolated to one or two locations on the nucleus, indicating that the surface or immediate sub-surface is heterogeneous. Further study of this phenomenon may provide insight into cometary outbursts, the structure of the near-surface nucleus, and cometary nucleus mantling.
Quantitative analysis of qualitative data: Using voyant tools to investigate the sales-marketing interface
Authors: Hetenyi Gabor , Dr. Lengyel Attila , Dr. Szilasi Magdolna 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The present study aims to give a short introduction into the possibilities offered by Voyant Tools to quantitatively explore qualitative data on the Sales-Marketing Interface (SMI).Design/methodology/approach: The study is exploratory in nature. The sample consists of sales and marketing employees of six manufacturing companies. Answers to three open-ended questions were analysed quantitatively and visualised in various ways using the online toolset of Voyant Tools. We experimented with four different tools out of the twenty four offered by Voyant Tools. These tools were: Cyrrus tool, Correlation tool, Topics tool and Scatter plot tool. All four tools that were tested on the data have scalable parameters. Various settings were tested to demonstrate how input conditions influence modelling of the textual data.Findings: It was demonstrated that the four selected text analysis tools can yield valuable information depicted in the form of attractive visualisation formats. It is also highlighted how rushed conclusions can be arrived at by falsely interpreting the visualised data. It is shown how setting different input parameters can affect results. Out of the four examined tools the Scatter plot tool offering an analysis and modelling method based on t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding) proved to yield the most complex information about the text. Research limitations/implications: As the study aimed to be exploratory a sample of convenience was used to collect qualitative data. Although quantitative methods can be invaluable tools of preliminary analysis and hypothesis adjustment in the processing of qualitative data, their results should always be checked against the traditional content analysis techniques which are more sensitive to the complex structure of semantic units. These quantitative techniques are to help early exploration of textual data.Practical implications: Managerial implications might be connected to the fact that in a fast changing global business environment managers and corporate decision makers in general might find the attractive visualisation outputs of Voyant Tool easy to analyse and interprete various aspects of business. As Voyant Tools is an open source, free online sofware not even requiring regsitration and at the same time has an impressive array of sophisticated statistical tools, it might be a cost-effective way of analysing qualitative data. Originality/value: As there is virtually no earlier literature on how quantitative data visualisation techniques can be used in marketing research, especially in the analysis of the SMI, utilisation possibilities of Voyant Tools and other quantitative data analysis and visualisation software for handling qualitative data is definitely a worthwhile area for further research.
Congenital Ocular Aberrant Innervation-New Concepts
Authors: Freedman Howard L , Kushner Burton J 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: We have the impression that congenital aberrant innervations are more common than previously reported. Many varieties exist and typically involve the sixth nerve. The most common ocular miswjrings are Duane's syndrome and Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis. The second most common miswiring involves lateral rectus activation in upgaze causing a "Y" pattern exotropia (pseudo inferior oblique overaction). This commonly is confused with inferior oblique overaction but surgery on the obliques does not cure the condition. Lateral rectus recession and elevation are required.
Methods: We selected demonstrative cases from our practices to illustrate a variety of congenital aberrant innervations. A literature search for previous reported cases of aberrant innervations was performed. This report is an eclectic collection of observations of individual selected cases.
Results: We found aberrant innervations of unusual varieties. These miswirings involve simultaneous firing of the lateral rectus with other muscles, including: the ipsilateral superior rectus, causing "pseudo inferior oblique overaction"; the contralateral lateral rectus, causing synergistic divergence; the ipsilateral superior rectus, in upward saccades only; and the masticatory muscles, causing exotropia with sucking.
The third nerve by itself rarely is involved in congenital miswirings, but commonly shows aberrant regeneration after traumatic injuries. We know of no cases of aberrant innervation involving the fourth nerve.
Summary: We present cases describing these congenital aberrant innervations and discuss a unifying hypothesis as to their typical involvement of the sixth nerve.
Neuropilin-1 Expression on CD4 T Cells Is Atherogenic and Facilitates T Cell Migration to the Aorta in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gaddis Dalia E. , E. Padgett Lindsey , Wu Runpei , Hedrick Catherine C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) is a type I transmembrane protein that plays important roles in axonal guidance, neuronal development, and angiogenesis. Nrp1 also helps migrate thymus-derived regulatory T cells to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-producing tumors. However, little is known about the role of Nrp1 on CD4 T cells in atherosclerosis. In ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet for 15 wk, we found a 2-fold increase in Nrp1+Foxp3− CD4 T cells in their spleens, periaortic lymph nodes, and aortas, compared with chow-fed mice. Nrp1+Foxp3− CD4 T cells had higher proliferation potential, expressed higher levels of the memory marker CD44, and produced more IFN-γ when compared with Nrp1− CD4 T cells. Treatment of CD4 T cells with oxLDL increased Nrp1 expression. Furthermore, atherosclerosis-susceptible mice selectively deficient for Nrp1 expression on T cells developed less atherosclerosis than their Nrp1-sufficient counterparts. Mechanistically, we found that CD4 T cells that express Nrp1 have an increased capacity to migrate to the aorta and periaortic lymph nodes compared to Nrp1− T cells, suggesting that the expression of Nrp1 facilitates the recruitment of CD4 T cells into the aorta where they can be pathogenic. Thus, we have identified a novel role of Nrp1 on CD4 T cells in atherosclerosis. These results suggest that manipulation of Nrp1 expression on T cells can affect the outcome of atherosclerosis and lower disease incidence.
DOCK2 Sets the Threshold for Entry into the Virtual Memory CD8+ T Cell Compartment by Negatively Regulating Tonic TCR Triggering
Authors: Mahajan Vinay S. , Demissie Ezana , Alsufyani Faisal , Kumari Sudha , Yuen Grace J. , Viswanadham Vinayak , Huang Andrew , Tran Johnson Q. , Moon James J. , Irvine Darrell J. , Pillai Shiv 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The control of cytoskeletal dynamics by dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), a hematopoietic cell–specific actin effector protein, has been implicated in TCR signaling and T cell migration. Biallelic mutations in Dock2 have been identified in patients with a recessive form of combined immunodeficiency with defects in T, B, and NK cell activation. Surprisingly, we show in this study that certain immune functions of CD8+ T cells are enhanced in the absence of DOCK2. Dock2-deficient mice have a pronounced expansion of their memory T cell compartment. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer studies indicate that these memory T cells develop in a cell-intrinsic manner following thymic egress. Transcriptional profiling, TCR repertoire analyses, and cell surface marker expression indicate that Dock2-deficient naive CD8+ T cells directly convert into virtual memory cells without clonal effector T cell expansion. This direct conversion to memory is associated with a selective increase in TCR sensitivity to self-peptide MHC in vivo and an enhanced response to weak agonist peptides ex vivo. In contrast, the response to strong agonist peptides remains unaltered in Dock2-deficient T cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that the regulation of the actin dynamics by DOCK2 enhances the threshold for entry into the virtual memory compartment by negatively regulating tonic TCR triggering in response to weak agonists.
Aplicación de ideas del utopismo clásico a la creación de una matriz política global que permita el desacuerdo, la pluralidad y la diversidad organizativa.
Authors: Gallastegui Gonzalez Samuel 
Published: November 2019

Esta propuesta de investigación parte del problema que genera la hegemonía del mecanismo capitalista sobre las diversidad de matrices políticas, constriñendo su poder y efectividad ante los problemas sociales y ecológicos globales. La pregunta que nos hacemos es ¿Cómo podrían los poderes políticos dar una respuesta eficaz a dichos problemas?Planteamos como hipótesis que es posible invertir la figura y dar forma a una matriz política con unos principios éticos políticos y comunes, pero que permita diferentes modelos y mecanismos de organización social y económica. Y que, para ello, podemos aplicar algunas de las ideas del utopismo clásico. La siguiente metodología empleada consiste en analizar los textos y analizar las ideas políticas que permitirían la creación de una matriz política y las que no. Como resultado nos hemos encontrado con la dificultad inicial de que que los modelos clásicos aparecen como perfectos y homogéneos, lo cual está en contra de la propia diversidad humana y del objetivo que se pretende conseguir. Sin embargo, hemos descubierto en dichos modelos utópicos ideas constructivas que admiten la diversidad, la pluralidad y el desacuerdo. Entre otros se estudian los siguientes conceptos: prevalencia de la racionalidad, esencialidad jurídica, organización modular, origen común de la propiedad y trascendencia abierta. Posteriormente se desarrollan dichos conceptos dentro del contexto político actual. Bibliografía fundamentalLaclau, E. &amp; Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy. New York, NY: Verso.Moro, T., Campanella, T., Bacon, F. (2012). Utopías del Renacimiento. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica