bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of bisfurfurylamine to the development and properties of polyureas
Authors: Trovatti Eliane , Gonçalves Isabela G , Carvalho Antonio JF , Gandini Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyureas are versatile polymers with diversified properties dependent on their chemical composition. Furan diamines can be interesting monomers for such materials because of their renewable character and ready availability from furfural, but they have not been extensively studied. The synthesis of furfurylamine‐based diamine and its condensation with an aliphatic and an aromatic diisocyanate to generate polyureas are described here together with the structure and properties of the ensuing materials. The thermoplastic features of both polymers were exploited through hot pressing of their respective powders, indicating the versatile properties of these polyureas based on a renewable comonomer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Unraveling the role of the enigmatic MatK maturase in chloroplast group IIA intron excision
Authors: Barthet Michelle M. , Pierpont Christopher L. , Tavernier Emilie‐Katherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaturases are prokaryotic enzymes that aid self‐excision of introns in precursor RNAs and have evolutionary ties to the nuclear spliceosome. Both the mitochondria and chloroplast, due to their prokaryotic origin, encode a single intron maturase, MatR for the mitochondria and MatK for the chloroplast. MatK is proposed to aid excision of seven different chloroplast group IIA introns that reside within precursor RNAs for essential elements of chloroplast function. We have developed an in vitro activity assay to test chloroplast group IIA intron excision. Using this assay, we demonstrate self‐excision of the group IIA intron of the second intron of rps12 and the group IIA intron of rpl2. We further show that the addition of heterologously expressed MatK protein increases efficiency of group IIA intron self‐splicing for the second intron of rps12 but not the group IIA intron of rpl2. These data, to our knowledge, provide the first direct evidence of MatK’s maturase activity.
Design and Firing and Safety Performance of Metal Film Igniting Component
Authors: Jiang Xinguang , Zhang Changfu , Yu Hongtao , Yan Zhenghu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe substrate, metal film and heat dissipation zone of metal film igniting component were designed and analyzed. By theoretical analysis and experiment, alumina ceramics were identified as the substrate material, and nickel‐chromium alloy was used as metal film material. The metal film shape is V‐shaped notch. Its size is 1 mm×2.732 mm, the thickness of the metal film is 0.5 μm, and the notch angle is 60°. Deposited copper is used as heat dissipation zone for increasing heat dissipation. Test results show that the metal film igniting component satisfies the safety requests of no firing under the condition of 1A1W5 min. The firing time is about 500 μs at a current of 5 A.
Intriguing generative metabolism discovery of reactive metabolite nitroso of lapatinib and relevant structural modification
Authors: Huang Hong , Bai Xue , Yang Lijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLapatinib is required as a therapy for advanced or metastatic breast cancer. However, its reactive metabolite (RM) nitroso was implicated in idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Density functional theory was performed to explore the metabolism of nitroso formation. Primary hydroxylation amine is a critical intermediate to produce nitroso. Three pathways from secondary alkylamine lapatinib to primary hydroxylation amine were designed and discussed. Calculation results show that it is difficult to form primary hydroxylation amine through common proposed hydrolysis nitrone with a barrier of 36.67 kcal/mol (path A), but it is smoothly formed by paths B and C with moderate determined barriers of 15.09 kcal/mol and 16.56 kcal/mol, respectively. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the mechanism of nitroso formation from primary hydroxylation amine should be a double hydrogen atom transfer rather than the previously proposed hydrolysis primary dihydroxylation amine. The barrier of the former is obviously lower than the latter. Based on metabolism results and structure analysis, several lapatinib derivatives are designed. Molecular docking of designed compounds with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) shows that they share a similar binding mode with lapatinib. In particular, 2a to 2d show similar binding energy to lapatinib. This work showed metabolism details of nitroso formation from lapatinib and its structure modification, which can enrich the metabolism of amine drugs and provide guidance for drug optimization and design.
The Soil Water Isotope Storage System (SWISS): An integrated soil water vapor sampling and multiport storage system for stable isotope geochemistry
Authors: Havranek Rachel E. , Snell Kathryn E. , Davidheiser‐Kroll Brett , Bowen Gabriel J. , Vaughn Bruce 
Published: March 2020

RationaleSoil water stable isotopes are a powerful tool for tracking interactions among the hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The challenges associated with creating high‐temporal‐resolution soil water stable isotope datasets from a diversity of sites have limited the utility of stable isotope geochemistry in addressing a range of complex problems. A device that can enable further development of high‐temporal‐resolution soil water isotope datasets that are created with minimal soil profile disruption from remote sites would greatly expand the utility of soil water stable isotope analyses.MethodsWe designed a method for sampling and storing soil water vapor for stable isotope analysis that leverages recent advances in soil water sampling strategies. Here, we test the reliability of the storage system by introducing water vapor of known oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition into the storage system, storing the water vapor for a predetermined amount of time, and then measuring the stable isotope composition of the vapor after the storage period.ResultsWe demonstrate that water vapor stored in our flasks reliably maintains its isotope composition within overall system uncertainty (±0.5‰ for δ18O values and ±2.4‰ for δ2H values) for up to 30 days.ConclusionsThis method has the potential to enable the collection of high‐temporal‐resolution soil water isotope datasets from remote sites that are not accessed daily in a time‐ and cost‐effective manner. All the components used in the system can be easily controlled using open‐source microcontrollers, which will be used in the future to automate sampling routines for remote field deployment. The system is designed to be an open‐source tool for use by other researchers.
Self‐adaptive brainstorming for jobshop scheduling in multicloud environment
Authors: Bhatt Ashutosh , Dimri Priti , Aggarwal Ambika 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCloud computing is a popular platform for processing the tasks by utilizing Virtual Machines as executing elements. The problems such as utilization and makespan persist in task scheduling in cloud which has to be solved and hence this article presents a human‐inspired approach for solving the job shop scheduling issue in the cloud environment. Since the job shop scheduling is challenging under multicloud environment, this article improves the well‐known method which is termed as self‐adaptive Brain Storm Optimization scheme. As a result, the recommendation of solutions is improved and so the desired updating is done. With this context, the scheduling process is performed. Here, the allocation of jobs for resources of heterogeneous cloud is encoded as brain storming process. Furthermore, the resultant scheduling scheme is evaluated for different performance constraints such as resource utilization rate, job completion, and makes span and the outcomes are verified. Next, to the implementation, the proposed model is compared with BSO, Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, and Differential Evolution and the analysis proves its better performance.
Erneuerung des Stahlwasserbaus am Sylvensteinspeicher
Authors: Lang Tobias , Mayer Sabine , Lehmann Steffen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDer Sylvensteinspeicher – Bayerns ältester staatlicher Wasserspeicher – wurde 1954–1959 gebaut und liegt ca. 60 km südlich von München. Die Talsperre, ein 48,5 m hoher Erddamm, schützt die Unterlieger vor Hochwasser, sichert eine ausreichende Niedrigwasseraufhöhung und liefert umweltfreundlichen Strom aus Wasserkraft. Um die Betriebssicherheit der Anlage zu erhalten, wurde bereits 1994 mit umfangreichen Nachrüstungs‐ und Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen begonnen. Diese umfassen den Neubau einer zusätzlichen Hochwasserentlastung, eine Dammerhöhung um 3 m, den Einbau einer zusätzlichen Dichtwand in Damm und Untergrund sowie ein an den Stand der Technik angepasstes neues Sickerwassermesssystem. Die Erneuerung des gesamten Stahlwasserbaus ist derzeit in der letzten Phase. Die besonderen Herausforderungen, speziell für den Stahlwasserbau, waren das Bauen im Bestand unter sehr beengten Platzverhältnissen sowie die zwingenden Vorgaben des laufenden Betriebs der Talsperre.
Rye Flour and Cellulose Reinforced Starch Biocomposite: A Green Approach to Improve Water Vapor Permeability and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Beigmohammadi Faranak , Barzoki Zahra Mahdizadeh , Shabanian Meisam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch on starch‐based biopolymers has increased because of their potential as environmentally friendly biodegradable substitutes to typical plastics. This study investigates the effect of rye flour as a main reinforcement agent as well as cellulose and citric acid in biocomposite starches on improving their water vapor permeability (WPF) and mechanical properties. The optimum point of the starch biocomposites obtained by Design of Experiments software 7.1.5 is run with 10% cellulose,and 10% rye flour with a WPF value equal to 8.7E‐10 g s−1m−1Pa−1, water uptake (WU) of 3.42%, and good mechanical properties. Validation of the optimum point does not show significant difference between the predicted and the actual values. There is some strong hydrogen and physical bonding in the optimized starch biocomposite that changes the intensity of the absorption bands and improves the mechanical properties.
Commercial Starch Behavior When Impregnated with Food Additives by Moderate Temperature Supercritical CO2 Processing
Authors: Villegas Maria Eugenia , Aredo Victor , Asevedo Kayque Julio Egg , Lourenço Rodrigo Vinicius , Bazito Reinaldo Camino , Oliveira Alessandra Lopes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe behavioral analysis of carrier materials in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) is important for particle formation applications. In this work, the behavior of modified starches (Hi‐Cap 100, Purity Gum Ultra, and Fluidex) in supercritical CO2 at 15 MPa and 60 °C is studied. Morphology and size profile of starch particles before and after contact with supercritical CO2 and their solubility and volumetric expansion in supercritical CO2 are analyzed. Morphology and size profiles of starch particles show physical changes; Purity Gum Ultra and Fluidex particularly show incremental changes in particle size. Solubility values for Hi‐Cap 100 and Purity Gum Ultra are 0.06 g/kg of CO2; for Fluidex it is 0.14 g/kg of CO2. No volumetric expansion of pure starches mixed with ethanol is visibly detected; alterations are observed only in starches mixed with hydrated ethanol. Although the starches are chemically modified, which gives them hydrophobicity, their interaction with supercritical CO2 is minimal.
Optical imaging techniques for vulnerable plaque detection
Authors: Eldomi Suleiman , Zafar Junaid , Sengupta Ritasree , Sharif Faisal , Zafar Haroon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVulnerable plaque rupture is the most important cause of myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, identifying vulnerable plaques is of prime importance, which will in turn aid in the development of treatments to stabilise them. Currently, there are a number of techniques to detect vulnerable plaques. This review article gives a brief understanding about the current optical imaging techniques used to detect vulnerable plaques. The methods used currently are spectroscopy, angioscopy, near‐infrared spectroscopy, photoacoustic imaging and, optical coherence tomography. Moreover, this article aims at assessing the state‐of‐the‐art optical imaging techniques used for vulnerable plaque detection.
Protective effects of valproic acid on 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced neuroinjury
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Wei , Hsu Pei‐Chen , Chang Wen‐Shin , Yu Chien‐Chih , Wang Yun‐Chi , Yang Jai‐Sing , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chen Kai‐Yuan , Tsai Chia‐Wen , Bau Da‐Tian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxidative stress may play critically important roles in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6‐Hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) is a physiological neurotoxin reported to induce oxidative‐induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in PD mice models. Valproic acid (VPA), a clinical mood stabilizer, is a HDAC inhibitor with neuroprotective capacities. In the study, we aim at examining the feasibility of VPA as a protector for dopaminergic neurons against damage from 6‐OHDA, and the intracellular mechanisms. The 6‐OHDA‐induced neurotoxicity to the human dopaminergic cell line SH‐SY5Y was applied for examining VPA protective effects. Pretreatment with VPA was able to improve cell viability and reduce 6‐OHDA‐induced reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, a significant suppression of apoptotic caspases including cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐7, and caspase‐9 was observed. The results also revealed VPA decreased the 6‐OHDA‐induced Bax/Bcl2 ratio, as measured at protein level. These novel findings indicate that VPA may be capable of protecting the SH‐SY5Y dopaminergic neuronal cells from 6‐OHDA‐induced toxicity via the deceasing of apoptotic caspases (cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐7, and caspase‐9) and reducing of the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Very possibly, VPA could serve as not only a mood stabilizer but also a potential antidote for PD prevention.
The Scattering Map on Oppenheimer–Snyder Space-Time
Authors: Alford Fred 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the boundedness of solutions $$\phi $$ϕ of the wave equation in the Oppenheimer–Snyder model of gravitational collapse in both the case of a reflective dust cloud and a permeating dust cloud. We then proceed to define the scattering map on this space-time and look at the implications of our boundedness results on this scattering map. Specifically, it is shown that the energy of $$\phi $$ϕ remains uniformly bounded going forwards in time and going backwards in time for both the reflective and the permeating cases. It is then shown that the scattering map is bounded going forwards, but not backwards. Therefore, the scattering map is not surjective onto the space of finite energy on $$\mathcal {I}^+\cup \mathcal {H}^+$$I+∪H+. Thus, there does not exist a backwards scattering map from finite energy radiation fields on $$\mathcal {I}^+\cup \mathcal {H}^+$$I+∪H+ to finite energy radiation fields on $$\mathcal {I}^-$$I-. We will then contrast this with the situation for scattering in pure Schwarzschild.
A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing
Authors: Krogerus Kristoffer , Gibson Brian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Diastatic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae possess the unique ability to hydrolyze and ferment long-chain oligosaccharides like dextrin and starch. They have long been regarded as important spoilage microbes in beer, but recent studies have inspired a re-evaluation of the significance of the group. Rather than being merely wild-yeast contaminants, they are highly specialized, domesticated yeasts belonging to a major brewing yeast lineage. In fact, many diastatic strains have unknowingly been used as production strains for decades. These yeasts are used in the production of traditional beer styles, like saison, but also show potential for creation of new beers with novel chemical and physical properties. Herein, we review results of the most recent studies and provide a detailed account of the structure, regulation, and functional role of the glucoamylase-encoding STA1 gene in relation to brewing and other fermentation industries. The state of the art in detecting diastatic yeast in the brewery is also summarized. In summary, these latest results highlight that having diastatic S. cerevisiae in your brewery is not necessarily a bad thing.

Key Points
•Diastatic S. cerevisiae strains are important spoilage microbes in brewery fermentations.
•These strains belong to the ‘Beer 2’ or ‘Mosaic beer’ brewing yeast lineage.
•Diastatic strains have unknowingly been used as production strains in breweries.
•The STA1-encoded glucoamylase enables efficient maltotriose use.
Prospective evaluation of changes in choroidal vascularity index after half-dose photodynamic therapy versus micropulse laser treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: van Rijssen Thomas J. , Singh Sumit Randhir , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Rasheed Mohammed A. , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Boon Camiel J. F. , Chhablani Jay 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and high-density subthreshold micropulse laser (HSML) results in choroidal vascularity index (CVI) changes that may account for the treatment effect.

Methods
Patients with cCSC were prospectively included and analyzed. Patients received either half-dose PDT or HSML treatment. CVI of the affected and unaffected eye was obtained before treatment, 6 to 8 weeks after treatment, and 7 to 8 months after treatment.

Results
At baseline, 29 eyes (29 patients) were included both in the PDT and in the HSML group. The mean (± standard deviation) CVI change in the HSML group between before PDT and 6 to 8 weeks after PDT was − 0.009 ± 0.032 (p = 0.127), whereas this was 0.0025 ± 0.037 (p = 0.723) between the visit before PDT and final visit. The patients in the PDT group had a CVI change of − 0.0025 ± 0.037 (p = 0.723) between the visit before PDT and first visit after PDT, and a mean CVI change of − 0.013 ± 0.038 (p = 0.080) between the visit before PDT and final visit. There was no significant correlation between CVI and BCVA at the measured time points, in both the HSML group (p = 0.885), and in the PDT group (p = 0.904). Moreover, no significant changes in CVI occurred in the unaffected eye at any time point.

Conclusions
PDT and HSML do not significantly affect CVI, and therefore a CVI change may not be primarily responsible for the treatment effect. The positive treatment effect of both interventions may rely on other mechanisms, such as an effect on choriocapillaris and/or retinal pigment epithelium function.
Energy-dense, low-volume paediatric oral nutritional supplements improve total nutrient intake and increase growth in paediatric patients requiring nutritional support: results of a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Hubbard Gary P. , Fry Catherine , Sorensen Katy , Casewell Catherine , Collins Lydia , Cunjamalay Annaruby , Simpson Michelle , Wall Amanda , Van Wyk Elmarie , Ward Matthew , Hallowes Sophie , Duggan Hannah , Robison Jennifer , Gane Helen , Pope Lucy , Clark Jennifer , Stratton Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChildren with or at risk of faltering growth require nutritional support and are often prescribed oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of energy-dense paediatric ONS (2.4 kcal/ml, 125 ml: cONS) versus 1.5 kcal/ml, 200 ml ONS (sONS) in community-based paediatric patients requiring oral nutritional support. Fifty-one patients (mean age 5.8 years (SD 3)) with faltering growth and/or requiring ONS to meet their nutritional requirements were randomised to cONS (n = 27) or sONS (n = 24) for 28 days. Nutrient intake, growth, ONS compliance and acceptability, appetite and gastro-intestinal tolerance were assessed. Use of the cONS resulted in significantly greater mean total daily energy (+ 531 kcal/day), protein (+ 10.1 g/day) and key micronutrient intakes compared with the sONS group at day 28 and over time, due to high ONS compliance (81% of patients ≥ 75%), maintained intake from diet alone and improved appetite in the cONS group, compared with the sONS group. Although growth increased in both intervention groups, results were significant in the cONS group (weight (p = 0.007), height (p < 0.001) and height z-score (p = 0.006)).Conclusions: This study shows that use of energy-dense (2.4 kcal/ml) low-volume paediatric-specific ONS leads to improved nutrient intakes, growth and appetite in paediatric patients requiring oral nutrition support compared with standard energy density ONS.Trial registration: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, identification number NCT02419599.

What is Known:• Faltering growth is the failure of children to achieve adequate growth at a normal rate for their age and requires nutritional support, including the use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS).• Energy-dense, low-volume ONS have benefits over standard ONS in adults.

What is New:• This is the first RCT to investigate the effects of energy-dense, low-volume ONS (2.4 kcal/ml, 125 ml) in children with faltering growth, showing significant improvements in total nutrient intake and increased growth.• Energy-dense, low-volume ONS can play a key role in the management of faltering growth.
How Do Academic Elites March Through Departments? A Comparison of the Most Eminent Economists and Sociologists’ Career Trajectories
Authors: Korom Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article compares the career trajectories and mobility patterns of Nobel Laureates in economics with those of highly cited sociologists to evaluate a theory advanced by Richard Whitley that postulates a nexus between the overall intellectual structure of a discipline and the composition of its elite. The theory predicts that the most eminent scholars in internally fragmented disciplines such as sociology will vary in their departmental affiliations and academic career paths, while disciplines such as economics with strong linkages between specialties and shared standards of excellence will be dominated by a more homogeneous elite. The comparison provides strong empirical evidence in favor of Whitley’s theory. The careers of the most eminent economists are closely tied to the top five departments of the discipline, whereas the career pathways to eminence in sociology are largely unpredictable.
Insisting on Action in Education: Students are Unique but not Irreplaceable
Authors: Noordegraaf-Eelens Liesbeth , Kloeg Julien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiesta distinguishes three functions of education: qualification, socialization and subjectification. We focus on subjectification. When first addressing this concept, Biesta referred to action as defined by Arendt, thereby stressing the importance of ‘the question of freedom’. More recently, the question of freedom (Arendt) is replaced by ‘the question of responsibility’ (Levinas). For Levinas responsibility is related to irreplaceability. While the concept of responsibility is valuable, we question the call upon irreplaceability in education. Actively taking responsibility where irreplaceability might not be either present or felt should be central to education. Unlike the morally clear examples invoked by Biesta, complex societal issues like the climate and refugee crisis are not accessible as an immediate appeal to a specific subject. Therefore, we propose a return to Arendt and her concept of action. Action allows and requires students to create the world anew, to take a position without pretending that the outcome can be controlled. Biesta refers to this as the impossibility of education. However, rather than repeating the theme of impossibility, we focus on the possibilities of education: there are several ways to create the world anew.