bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing audiometric parameters between crushed and intact cartilage tympanoplasty: a double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial study
Authors: Tajdini A , Hatami N , Rahmaty B , Kouhi A , Dabiri S , Aghazadeh K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate hearing and the take rate of crushed cartilage grafts in tympanoplasty.MethodsIn this double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial, 46 patients with tympanic membrane perforation were enrolled. A conchal cartilage graft was used for reconstruction in both intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, crushed cartilage was used. The success rate and hearing results were ascertained every four months over a one-year follow-up period.ResultsA total of 36 patients – 20 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group – completed one year of follow up. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean air–bone gap, bone conduction threshold, speech discrimination score or speech reception threshold.ConclusionThe reduction in living cells after crushed cartilage tympanoplasty may decrease the rigidity and the volume of the graft, but may not necessarily improve the hearing results.
Associations between inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms and disordered eating risk in a community sample of young adults
Authors: Martin E. , Dourish C. T. , Hook R. , Chamberlain S. R. , Higgs S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and trait impulsivity have been associated with disordered eating but are seldom assessed in community studies, or longitudinally and little is known about the mediating mechanisms.MethodsWe tested associations between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating cross-sectionally and between trait impulsivity and disordered eating longitudinally. We utilised data from a normative cohort of young adults (642 participants: 65% female,Mage= 23 years). Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for disordered eating using the SCOFF instrument. In the first two steps of both cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical logistic regression models, demographics and covariates were entered. For the cross-sectional regression, Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) scores, separated into inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, were entered in the third step. In a separate longitudinal model, Barratt impulsivity scale subscales (attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) were entered in the third step. Depression, as assessed by the moods and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), was examined as a mediator.ResultsCross-sectionally, sex, MFQ score and inattentive symptoms predicted disordered eating risk (modelR2= 20%). Longitudinally, sex, MFQ score and attentional impulsivity predicted disordered eating risk (modelR2= 16%). The relationship between inattentive symptoms and the disordered eating risk was partially mediated by MFQ score, whereas the relationship between attentional impulsivity and the disordered eating risk was fully mediated by MFQ scores.ConclusionsThese data highlight (1) a specific role for inattentive symptoms of ADHD and (2) the importance of both depression and impulsivity in predicting eating disorder risk.
Improved two-step analysis of germination data from complex experimental designs
Authors: Jensen Signe M. , Wolkis Dustin , Keshtkar Eshagh , Streibig Jens C. , Ritz Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGermination experiments are becoming increasingly complex and they are now routinely involving several experimental factors. Recently, a two-step approach utilizing meta-analysis methodology has been proposed for the estimation of hierarchical models suitable for describing data from such complex experiments. Step 1 involves fitting models to data from each sub-experiment, whereas Step 2 involves combination estimates from all model fits obtained in Step 1. However, one shortcoming of this approach was that visualization of resulting fitted germination curves was difficult. Here, we describe in detail an improved two-step analysis that allows visualization of cumulated data together with fitted curves and confidence bands. Also, we demonstrate in detail, through two examples, how to carry out the statistical analysis in practice.
Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract as an initial intervention in Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries
Authors: Abumehdi Mohammad , Sasikumar Deepa , Chaudhari Milind , Bhole Vinay , Botha Phil , Mehta Chetan , Stumper Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectives:To assess the role of right ventricular outflow tract stenting as the primary intervention in Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.Background:The management of a subset of infants with Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries requires a staged approach including rehabilitation of diminutive native pulmonary arteries, conventionally using an aortopulmonary shunt. We share our experience of pulmonary artery rehabilitation with right ventricular outflow tract stenting.Methods:Retrospective review of all patients with Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis who underwent right ventricular outflow tract stenting as primary intervention over an 8-year period.Results:Ten patients underwent right ventricular outflow tract stent insertion at a median age of 61 days (interquartile range (IQR) 8.3–155 days). Median weight at stent deployment was 4.2 kg (IQR 3.2–5.7 kg). Oxygen saturations improved from a median of 79% (IQR 76–80%) to 92% (IQR 90–95%), p = 0.012. The median right and left pulmonary artery z score increased from −3.51 (IQR −4.59 to −2.80) and −2.07 (IQR −3.72 to 0.15) to a median of −1.17 (IQR −2.26 to 0.16) p < 0.05, and 0.24 (IQR −1.09 to 1.84) p < 0.05, respectively, at subsequent angiogram. Nine patients underwent further catheterisation. Four patients underwent complete anatomical repair. Only one patient required unifocalisation, as most patients had a native supply to all-important lung segments.Conclusion:Right ventricular outflow tract stenting is a useful procedure in the subset of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, where native pulmonary arterial growth is required to facilitate repair.
Adorno, Kant and Enlightenment
Authors: Cook Deborah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTheodor W. Adorno often made reference to Immanuel Kant’s famous essay on enlightenment. Although he denied that immaturity is self-incurred, the first section of this article will show that he adopted many of Kant’s ideas about maturity in his philosophically informed critique of monopoly conditions under late capitalism. The second section will explore Adorno’s claim that the educational system could foster maturity by encouraging critical reflection on the social conditions that have made us what we are. Finally, this article will demonstrate that Adorno links enlightenment to Kant’s idea of a realm of ends.
“You Are a True Progressive”:Red Dead Redemption 2and the Depiction and Reception of Progressive Era Politics
Authors: Locke Hilary Jane , Mackay Thomas Ashley 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince its release in October 2018,Red Dead Redemption 2has generated considerable controversy.Redemption 2, Rockstar Games’ highly popular video game set in a sprawling open world that resembles America’s southern and western states at the turn of the twentieth century, has attracted criticism from players who have disliked the perceived political messages the game presents. With numerous interactions with people of color, Native Americans, and feminist (suffragette) characters, the game prompts players to engage with the ongoing effects of colonialism, sexism, and racism, as well as the rising problems of an industrial and financial capitalist society. As such, the game’s depiction of Gilded Age and Progressive Era politics has resulted in a large amount of online criticism from a group of traditionally white, male, right-wing players. This article argues thatRedemption 2utilizes the Progressive Era as a vehicle to capture and speak to the current political climate, and that it is the game’s dual relationship with the past and the present that has aroused animosity from part of the game’s audience. Ultimately, it demonstrates how contemporary mainstream progressive politics can be interpreted within and projected upon the politics of the Progressive Era.
A Mg Isotopic Perspective on the Mobility of Magnesium During Serpentinization and Carbonation of the Oman Ophiolite
Authors: de Obeso Juan Carlos , Santiago Ramos Danielle P. , Higgins John A. , Kelemen Peter B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlteration of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite forms secondary minerals, mainly serpentine and Mg‐rich carbonates. Magnesium accounts for ∼25 – 30% of peridotite mass and its mobility can be used to trace this alteration. We report the first set of Mg isotope measurements from peridotites and their alteration products in Oman. Partially serpentinized peridotites have Mg isotope ratios that are indistinguishable from estimates for the average mantle and bulk silicate earth (δ26Mg = −0.25 ± 0.04‰). However, more extensively altered peridotite samples show large shifts in Mg isotopic composition. The range of δ26Mg values for our suite of alteration products from the mantle section is ∼4.5‰ (from −3.39‰ to 1.19‰), or >60% of the total range of terrestrial variability in δ26Mg values. Serpentine veins are typically enriched in 26Mg (max δ26Mg value = 0.96‰) whereas Mg‐carbonate veins are associated with low 26Mg/24Mg ratios (magnesite δ26Mg = −3.3‰, dolomite δ26Mg = −1.91‰). Our preferred explanation for the range in δ26Mg values involves coprecipitation of serpentine and carbonates at water‐to‐rock ratios >103. The coincidence of alteration products characterized by δ26Mg values that are both lower and higher than bulk silicate Earth and the finite 14C ages of the carbonates suggest that both serpentinization and carbonation are ongoing in Oman. Rates of calcite precipitation in travertines inferred from Δ26Mgcal‐fl suggest that travertine formation in Oman sequesters a total of 106–107 kg CO2/yr, consistent with previous estimates.
Intrinsic Elastic Anisotropy of Westerly Granite Observed by Ultrasound Measurements, Microstructural Investigations, and Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Lokajíček T. , Vasin R. , Svitek T. , Petružálek M. , Kotrlý M. , Turková I. , Onysko R. , Wenk H. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWesterly granite (WG) has been generally accepted as an isotropic homogeneous rock. Here, we return to WG and observe significant elastic anisotropy using multidirectional ultrasonic sounding on spherical samples at pressures up to 400 MPa. Thermal treatment of WG leads to formation of microcracks that reduce elastic wave velocities and increase its elastic anisotropy. The 3D distribution of P‐wave velocities at low pressure is close to orthorhombic symmetry. Application of hydrostatic pressure closes most of thermally induced microcracks and decreases elastic anisotropy of WG, but at high pressure the anisotropy is practically reversed compared to low pressure: maximum P‐wave velocity direction at low pressures is near minimum velocity direction at high pressure and vice versa. To understand this effect, microstructures of the rock were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Preferred orientations of four major rock‐forming minerals—quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, and biotite—were measured by time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction, which confirms significant crystal alignment. All these data were used to numerically model anisotropic elastic properties of WG. It is shown that WG possesses weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy related mainly to the preferred orientation of feldspars formed during igneous crystallization. Observed microcracks are mostly related to the cleavage planes of feldspars and biotite, and thus also demonstrate preferred orientation. Higher preheating temperatures produce larger quantity of longer microcracks. A numerical model shows that these microcracks act against the weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy of WG, and define the elastic anisotropy at low pressures.
Representing Intercell Lateral Groundwater Flow and Aquifer Pumping in the Community Land Model
Authors: Felfelani Farshid , Lawrence David M. , Pokhrel Yadu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRepresentation of subsurface hydrology in global land surface models has been advanced but outstanding challenges and opportunities remain, especially in better simulating lateral groundwater flow and aquifer pumping for irrigation. This study improves the representation of groundwater in the latest version of the Community Land Model (version 5) by implementing a prognostic groundwater module that accounts for lateral groundwater flow, aquifer pumping, and conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water for irrigation. In particular, we introduce—for the first time—explicit representation of steady‐state well equation in large‐scale hydrological modeling. Simulations are conducted at ∼5 km resolution over the conterminous US. Groundwater level, terrestrial water storage (TWS), and river discharge are evaluated over the major US aquifers and river basins using in situ observations of groundwater and river discharge and the TWS inferred from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. The implementation of groundwater pumping results in significant improvements in simulation of spatiotemporal water‐level change over the US High Plains and Central Valley Aquifer (CVA) and that of TWS over the CVA. Improvements in river discharge over the major US river basins are also achieved but are not substantial. Furthermore, the representation of pumping leads to certain overestimation in TWS trend compared to GRACE data in regions with high groundwater withdrawals. The consideration of lateral groundwater flow provides improvements in the subsurface response to pumping and natural wet and dry cycles, particularly at the grid cell level. These results provide a basis for improved groundwater modeling over large scales.
A Mahalanobis Distance‐Based Automatic Threshold Selection Method for Peaks Over Threshold Model
Authors: Kiran K. G. , Srinivas V. V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn unresolved problem in statistical analysis of hydrological extremes (e.g., storms, floods) using POT model is identification of optimal threshold. There are various issues affecting performance of different methods available for threshold selection (TS). To overcome those issues, this study contributes a novel Mahalanobis distance‐based automatic TS method. It involves use of proposed transformation to map Generalized Pareto distributed random variable (depicting peaks over tentative thresholds) from the original space to standard exponential (Exp(1)) distributed random variable in a nondimensional space. Optimal threshold is identified as that which minimizes Mahalanobis distance betweenL‐moments of the transformed random variable and those of the population (i.e., Exp(1) distribution) in the nondimensional space. Its effectiveness is demonstrated over four existing automatic TS methods through Monte Carlo simulation experiments and case studies over rainfall and streamflow data sets chosen from India, United Kingdom, and Australia. The four methods include three based on goodness of fit (GoF) test statistics (of Anderson‐Darling and two nonparametric tests), and a recent one based onL‐moment ratio diagram whose potential is unexplored in hydrology. This study further provides insight into properties and effectiveness of the four TS methods, which is scanty in literature. Results indicate that there is inconsistency in performance of GoF test‐based methods across data sets exhibiting fat and thin tail behavior, owing to their theoretical assumptions and uncertainty associated with sampling distribution of test statistics. Issues affecting performance ofL‐moment ratio diagram‐based TS method are also identified. The proposed method overcomes those issues and appears promising for hydrologic applications.
Genetic and epigenetic determinants of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Bakhshi Tanner J. , Georgel Philippe T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma and is notorious for its heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and the frequent development of resistance and/or relapse after treatment with standard chemotherapy. To address these problems, a strong emphasis has been placed on researching the molecular origins and mechanisms of DLBCL to develop effective treatments. One of the major insights produced by such research is that DLBCL almost always stems from genetic damage that occurs during the germinal center (GC) reaction, which is required for the production of high-affinity antibodies. Indeed, there is significant overlap between the mechanisms that govern the GC reaction and those that drive the progression of DLBCL. A second important insight is that some of the most frequent genetic mutations that occur in DLBCL are those related to chromatin and epigenetics, especially those related to proteins that “write” histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Mutation or deletion of these epigenetic writers often renders cells unable to epigenetically “switch on” critical gene sets that are required to exit the GC reaction, differentiate, repair DNA, and other essential cellular functions. Failure to activate these genes locks cells into a genotoxic state that is conducive to oncogenesis and/or relapse.
When the chains do not break: the role of USP10 in physiology and pathology
Authors: Bhattacharya Udayan , Neizer-Ashun Fiifi , Mukherjee Priyabrata , Bhattacharya Resham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeubiquitination is now understood to be as important as its partner ubiquitination for the maintenance of protein half-life, activity, and localization under both normal and pathological conditions. The enzymes that remove ubiquitin from target proteins are called deubiquitinases (DUBs) and they regulate a plethora of cellular processes. DUBs are essential enzymes that maintain intracellular protein homeostasis by recycling ubiquitin. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification where ubiquitin molecules are added to proteins thus influencing activation, localization, and complex formation. Ubiquitin also acts as a tag for protein degradation, especially by proteasomal or lysosomal degradation systems. With ~100 members, DUBs are a large enzyme family; the ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) being the largest group. USP10, an important member of this family, has enormous significance in diverse cellular processes and many human diseases. In this review, we discuss recent studies that define the roles of USP10 in maintaining cellular function, its involvement in human pathologies, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its association with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss efforts to modulate USPs as therapy in these diseases.
Muscle progenitor specification and myogenic differentiation are associated with changes in chromatin topology
Authors: Zhang Nan , Mendieta-Esteban Julen , Magli Alessandro , Lilja Karin C. , Perlingeiro Rita C. R. , Marti-Renom Marc A. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Dynlacht Brian David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing Hi-C, promoter-capture Hi-C (pCHi-C), and other genome-wide approaches in skeletal muscle progenitors that inducibly express a master transcription factor, Pax7, we systematically characterize at high-resolution the spatio-temporal re-organization of compartments and promoter-anchored interactions as a consequence of myogenic commitment and differentiation. We identify key promoter-enhancer interaction motifs, namely, cliques and networks, and interactions that are dependent on Pax7 binding. Remarkably, Pax7 binds to a majority of super-enhancers, and together with a cadre of interacting transcription factors, assembles feed-forward regulatory loops. During differentiation, epigenetic memory and persistent looping are maintained at a subset of Pax7 enhancers in the absence of Pax7. We also identify and functionally validate a previously uncharacterized Pax7-bound enhancer hub that regulates the essential myosin heavy chain cluster during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Our studies lay the groundwork for understanding the role of Pax7 in orchestrating changes in the three-dimensional chromatin conformation in muscle progenitors.
Weak tides during Cryogenian glaciations
Authors: Green J. A. Mattias , Davies Hannah S. , Duarte Joao C. , Creveling Jessica R. , Scotese Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe severe “Snowball Earth” glaciations proposed to have existed during the Cryogenian period (720 to 635 million years ago) coincided with the breakup of one supercontinent and assembly of another. Whereas the presence of extensive continental ice sheets predicts a tidally energetic Snowball ocean due to the reduced ocean depth, the supercontinent palaeogeography predicts weak tides because the surrounding ocean is too large to host tidal resonances. Here we show, using an established numerical global tidal model and paleogeographic reconstructions, that the Cryogenian ocean hosted diminished tidal amplitudes and associated energy dissipation rates, reaching 10–50% of today’s rates, during the Snowball glaciations. We argue that the near-absence of Cryogenian tidal processes may have been one contributor to the prolonged glaciations if these were near-global. These results also constrain lunar distance and orbital evolution throughout the Cryogenian, and highlight that simulations of past oceans should include explicit tidally driven mixing processes.
A conserved regulator controls asexual sporulation in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Hernández-Cervantes Arturo , Znaidi Sadri , van Wijlick Lasse , Denega Iryna , Basso Virginia , Ropars Jeanne , Sertour Natacha , Sullivan Derek , Moran Gary , Basmaciyan Louise , Bon Fabienne , Dalle Frédéric , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , Boekhout Teun , Yang Ying , Li Zongwei , Bachellier-Bassi Sophie , d’Enfert Christophe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscription factor Rme1 is conserved among ascomycetes and regulates meiosis and pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genome of the meiosis-defective pathogen Candida albicans encodes an Rme1 homolog that is part of a transcriptional circuitry controlling hyphal growth. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome-wide expression analyses to study a possible role of Rme1 in C. albicans morphogenesis. We find that Rme1 binds upstream and activates the expression of genes that are upregulated during chlamydosporulation, an asexual process leading to formation of large, spherical, thick-walled cells during nutrient starvation. RME1 deletion abolishes chlamydosporulation in three Candida species, whereas its overexpression bypasses the requirement for chlamydosporulation cues and regulators. RME1 expression levels correlate with chlamydosporulation efficiency across clinical isolates. Interestingly, RME1 displays a biphasic pattern of expression, with a first phase independent of Rme1 function and dependent on chlamydospore-inducing cues, and a second phase dependent on Rme1 function and independent of chlamydospore-inducing cues. Our results indicate that Rme1 plays a central role in chlamydospore development in Candida species.