bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADULT ACNE: A CLINICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Yadav Shivani , Tripathi Srishti , Agarwal Soumya , Hans Titiksha , Choudhary Anshul , Wadhwa Aditi 
Published: March 2020

Background: According to Global Burden of Skin Disease study data, 2013, Acne affects nearly 85% of adolescents and young adults in the age group 12-25 years.1 traditionally it was considered to be a transitory disease of teenagers and young adults; however recent study reports indicate it to be a disease affecting all age groups in adults.
Aims: To study the clinical profile of adult acne, grade the severity using global acne grading system (GAGS) and to determine the proportion of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in women with adult acne.
Material and Methods: Patients with acne in the age group of 25-60 years were included in the study. A detailed examination of clinical profile of acne was done along with grading of severity of acne using GAGS. Also, documentation of hyperandrogenism using Ferriman Gallwey score for hirsutism and diagnosis of PCOS using Rotterdam criteria was done in all female patients of acne.
Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the study. Among these, 82.9% were women and 17.1% were men. The mean age of the patients was 28.04±3.60 years. Persistent acne was observed in 85.7%, while late onset in 14.3%. Most common site of involvement was cheek (98%), followed by chin (76%), and forehead (64.7%). Mild grade acne was observed in 93.3% patients. Hyperpigmentation was seen in 78.1% while scarring was observed in 52.4% patients. A total of 8% female patients had PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria.
Conclusion: We found a predominance of females and persistent acne. Although the prevalence of PCOS was low in adult female acne patients, they were affected by more severe grades of acne and risk of hyperpigmentation and scarring was higher as compared to non-PCOS patients.
An AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF SLN MAPPING IN PATIENTS OF LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER FOLLOWING NCT
Authors: Garg Ankur , Kathpalia Udbhav , Bansal Shweta , Andley Manoj , Saha Sudipta 
Published: March 2020

Background : Locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) includes a wide range of clinical scenarios- advanced primary tumors (T4), advanced nodal disease and inflammatory carcinomas(1). Traditionally, treatment of LABC included a combination of Chemotherapy, Radiation and Surgery(2). However, there has been a shift to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in recent times.(3)
Histological status and the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors and most powerful predictor of recurrence and survival in patients of breast carcinoma and remains so, even after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. (3) Information derived from the sentinel lymph node is considered valuable, with less discomfort to the patient when compared with axillary dissection.(4) However, its role in detecting nodal metastasis after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in LABC is still debatable and definitive studies to evaluate its role are still evolving. (5)
Materials and Methods: Patients of LABC were evaluated using ultrasonography (USG) of axilla. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was administered and patients were reassessed by USG of axilla. Thirty patients with node negative axillary status were subjected to Sentinel lymph node mapping using isosulfan blue followed by Modified Radical Mastectomy and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection. Histopathological evaluation of stained and unstained lymph nodes done and the data, thus obtained, was statistically analysed.

Results: Sentinel lymph node biopsy performed using Isosulfan Blue dye alone, after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy predicts the status of axillary lymph nodes with low accuracy.

Conclusions: Further studies would be required to establish the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with LABC after NACT.
TO FIND THE INCIDENCE OF TYPE OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION IN UNCOMPLICATED ACUTE APPENDICITIS CASES USING PROPHYLACTIC POST OPERATIVE ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Prashar Vishal , Singh Shamsher 
Published: March 2020

Background: The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing appendectomy has been examined in several randomized and observational studies showing that appropriate use of antibiotics reduces the risk of SSI following appendectomy by 40-60%. These antibiotics are continued in postoperative period with different courses and combinations according to each case.
Methods: This randomized control prospective study was conducted in IGMC SHIMLA from August 2017 to July 2018. Cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis undergoing emergency open appendectomy were included in this study.
Results: All the 9 patients who had wound infection developed superficial surgical site infection. None of the patients developed deep surgical site or intra abdominal infections in either of the two groups.
Conclusion: Frequency of post operative wound infection is generally very low in uncomplicated appendicitis. The prolonged use of antibiotics post operatively is unnecessary, can increase antibiotic resistance, can produce side effects and increase cost of treatment.
Keywords: Wound infection, Antibiotic, Acute appendicitis.
STUDIES ON APOLIPOPROTEINS (APO A1 & APO B) AND LIPOPROTEIN (A) ALONG WITH LIPID PROFILE IN THE PATIENTS OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Rohit Arpita , Haridas N. 
Published: March 2020

Patients with Type II diabetes mellitus or the metabolic syndrome have unique dyslipidemia characterized by hypertriglyceridemia; elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein B; small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Treatment of dyslipidemia associated with these disorders should focus on correcting the abnormal lipoprotein levels as well as LDL and HDL heterogeneity. Statins and fibrates are useful for treating elevated LDL in patients with and without diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. There are few researches on Apolipoprotein A and Apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein (a) in India, in comparison to foreign countries. So this study is aimed to evaluate Apo lipoproteins (Apo A1 & Apo B) and Lipoprotein (a) levels along with Lipid profile in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and in patients with Metabolic Syndrome which can be correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion: Apo lipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B and Lipoprotein (a) can be important marker for the risk developing of heart disease. Statistical relationships between LDL and HDL and their respective Apo lipoproteins, Apo B and Apo A-1, in diabetic and metabolic syndrome can be established.
Keywords: Lipid profile, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Apo lipoproteins (Apo A & Apo B), Lipoprotein (a) and Metabolic Syndrome.
TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRA-AMNIOTIC SALINE INSTILLATION THROUGH FOLEY CATHETER PRIOR TO ORAL MISOPROSTOL WITH ORAL MISOPROSTOL ALONE IN INDUCING LABOUR IN PREGNANCIES >28 WEEKS WITH INTRAUTERINE FOETAL DEATH- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL AT TE
Authors: Yadav Kamlesh , Singh Shilpee 
Published: March 2020

Background: The present study aims to compare the results of EASI followed by oral misoprostol and oral misoprostol alone for induction of labour in pregnancies of more than 28 weeks with intrauterine foetal death.
Methods: The present observational and prospective study is an attempt to compare the efficacy of extra-amniotic saline instillation with Foley catheter prior to oral misoprostol and oral misoprostol alone in induction of labour of pregnancies more than 28 weeks with intrauterine fetal death.
Results: Most of the cases delivered vaginally in both study groups. The mean induction delivery time in group I was higher than group II and the results were statistically significant on comparing both groups. In group I, 78% cases were delivered within 24 hours whereas in group II 96% cases delivered within 24 hours of induction. There was no significant difference in the mean number of required misoprostol in both groups (p>0.05). Need of supplementation with oxytocin was more in group I as compared to group II and the p value is significant (p<0.01). Mean birth weight in group I was 2.25±0.75 kg and in group II was 2.27±0.77 kg. Maximum number of babies had birth weight between 1.52-2.50 kg with 44% in group I and 40% in group II (p>0.05). Only 4 cases had uterine tachysystole and only 1case had postpartum pyrexia. Very few complications were recorded in both the study groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: We concluded that oral misoprostol tablet alone is more effective at inducing and setting up the active labour in pregnancies of >28 weeks with intrauterine foetal death than EASI followed by oral misoprostol. It is inexpensive, has a long shelf life, can be easily stored at room temperature and patient remains ambulatory after induction with oral misoprostol. Oral misoprostol alone seems to have an edge over extra-amniotic saline instillation followed by oral misoprostol in all aspects.
Keywords: Misoprostol, Extra-amniotic saline, Induction of labour.
TO STUDY THE USE OF DISULFIRAM IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME (ICD 10/DSM IV CRITERIA) AT SECONDARY CARE SETTING
Authors: Thakur Anita , Dhiman Shallu , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: March 2020

Background: Disulfiram blocks the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). If alcohol is present, acetaldehyde accumulates usually resulting in an unpleasant reaction, the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER), consisting primarily of tachycardia, flushing, nausea, and vomiting.
Methods: A consecutive sampling method was used (meeting inclusion criteria and willing to participate in study) twelve -month follow-up study was conducted in which 75 patients visiting Outpatient department in secondary care setting with diagnosis Alcohol dependence Syndrome (ICD 10/DSM IV criteria) received 250 mg disulfiram after consent from both patient and caregiver.
Results: Out of 75 patients 13(17.4%) patients completed one year of supervised disulfiram treatment and remained abstinent. Out of 62 remained abstinent, 22(29.4%) of remained abstinent and on regular treatment for 6 months. 19 (25.4%) patients relapsed after 3 months of treatment. 17 (22.4%)patients relapsed within 2 week to 2 months of treatment. Unwanted effects due to disulfiram and no response at 500 mg in one patient led to stopping of treatment in 4(5.4%) patients.
Conclusion: The study concludes with the role of disulfiram in the present day and long-term pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence along with future research needs in this area.
Keywords: Disulfiram; Alcohol Dependence; Alcohol; Deterrent; Pharmacotherapy.
MECHANISM ACTION AND RESISTANCE STYLE OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Hashim Saba T. , Saleh Tahreer H. , Abdul Fatima R. , Rubaii Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah AL- 
Published: March 2020

Antibiotics are the natural, synthetic or semi synthetic compound .For decades it used as weapon in the battle against pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasite, etc.) that attach the life of agriculture and animal husbandry. For that, the antimicrobial agents used in therapeutic and prophylactic purpose. Unfortunately, the microbes have become resistant to different antibiotics by development of their mechanism action. The lists of infectious diseases were grown due to increase of resistance at an alarming rate and the then antibiotics are less effective. High morbidity and mortality ratio come from wrong diagnosis of pathogen that lead to wrong treated by antibiotics because appeared new strains called multidrug-resistant bacteria .The aim of this review is to explore the Mechanism action and resistance style of antibiotics
Keywords: β-lactam, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Macrolide, Quinolones
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF VARICOCELE
Authors: Dadhich Anil Kumar , Meena Ramgopal 
Published: March 2020

Background: Varicocele, an abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus of veins is found in about 15% of the general population with a marked left sided predominance. However this incidence rises to 35% in men with primary infertility and 70 to 80% in men with secondary infertility.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted on 100 cases reporting to General surgery department within the study duration and eligible as per inclusion criteria was included in study.
Results: In our study out of Out of 100 patients maximum 42.00% patients were farmer followed by 22.00% patients were Coolies and Rickshaw Pullers, 17.00% patients were students, 10.00% were laborer and 9.00% were policemen.
Conclusion: It conclude that Varicocele epidemiology remains incompletely understood. We need well‑designed, large‑scale studies that include evaluation of important clinical factors to comprehend fully the epidemiological aspects of this condition.
EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORE IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: Dadhich Anil Kumar , Sharma Atul Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Background: Acute abdominal pain is a common complaint among emergency department patients.
Methods: A 100 consecutive patients suspected of acute appendicitis who were admitted in department of surgery. They were prospectively evaluated using the modified Alvarado scoring (MAS) to determine whether or not they had acute appendicitis.
Result: In present study, out of total 100 patients 78(78%) were have MAS score 7-9, 20% were have 5-6 and 2% have MAS score 1-4.
Conclusion: The study shows that use of MASS in patients suspected to have acute appendicitis provides a high degree of diagnostic accuracy.
Keywords: Modified Alvarado Score (MAS), acute appendicitis, Patients.
EFFECT OF OM MANTRA CHANTING DURING EXAMINATION STRESS IN STUDENTS
Authors: Surlya Bittoo Kumar , Jain Manila , Priyamvada Richa , Chandel M. S. , Chalak Shivaji 
Published: March 2020

I express my experience and importance of OM mantra chanting through this Paper, its methods and benefits of chanting in stress. I was relatively surprised at how easy and natural it felt to participate in chanting and make happy and relax. The method share with medical students for relieve from high stress which is due to academic, and for get better result without stress. Though, the sound of Om evolves on its own, so it is seen as the sound of the universe, made up of all that it is. As Maharshi Yoganand put it, to chant Om is “to represent all of consciousness.”
Keywords: Chant Om Mantra, Yoga.
RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY AND VENTILATORY FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT AMONG CEMENT FACTORY EMPLOYEES
Authors: S Giridharan , S Shankar 
Published: March 2020

Background: Cement is one of the most important building materials of the world. More than 250 000 people work in concrete manufacturing. Cement factory workers are exposed to dust during various manufacturing and production process, such as quarrying and handling of raw materials.
Methods: This cross sectional study aims at determining the prevalence of respiratory morbidity and ventilatory function impairment among the cement factory employees and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Results: The mean age was 33.8±11.4 and most of them belonged to 21-30 age groups. The major respiratory symptoms were shortness of breath (18%), coughing out phlegm (22%), coughing that wakes up in the morning (14%) and wheezing (6%).Though study had its focus on respiratory morbidity, a significant proportion of the workers had other chronic non communicable diseases including diabetes (37%), blood pressure (10%) and cardio-vascular diseases/symptoms (26.6%). Conclusion: Though everyone was aware about the PPE some lacked the use of it due to discomfort leading to lung function impairment. The percentage predicted lung volumes and the respiratory symptoms helped to create awareness about the use of PPE and using proper ventilation systems, to protect the workers from developing chronic respiratory diseases in future.
Keywords: Cement factory workers, respiration, morbidity
USE OF AVERSION THERAPY IN DISSOCIATIVE PSEUDO-SEIZURE PATIENTS
Authors: Paswan Rakesh Kumar , Aswal Siddharth , Pushp Brajesh , Motwani Yogesh , Salvi Indra Pal 
Published: March 2020

Background: psychological methods are less commonly used in treatment of psychiatric illnesses in hospital setup. In some psychiatric illnesses drug use has limiting effect in full cure of illness due to psychosocial dynamics associated with those illnesses.
Aim: In dissociative conversion disorder one theory states that primary gain is conversion of mental or emotional feeling into physical symptoms and secondary gain is any other external benefit from physical symptom occurred in primary gain. Like in a disturbed marital conflict wife develops episodic unresponsiveness (pseudo seizures) as primary gain and revived attention and care of husband due to this episodic unresponsiveness (pseudo seizures) as secondary gain. It is hypothesized that dissociative conversion reaction develops and become resistant by getting these two primary and secondary gains. Our study aim at providing unpleasant mild aversive electric current to the subjects along with standard pharmacotherapy to make patient condition to this painful stimulus and end their maladaptive behavior.
Material and Methods: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 was used for making diagnosis and Dissociative Experiences Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) for evaluating the response of treatment. Mild electric current (30 mili columb) was used in test group along with standard treatment group.
Results: In test group improvement in terms of Dissociative Experiences Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and number of episodes of unresponsiveness was better.
Conclusion: Use of mild electric current as aversive stimulus as compared to standard treatment group was found more affective mode of treatment
Keywords: dissociative, conversion, aversion therapy, pseudo seizures, electric current
ROLE OF IMAGING IN PRIMARY AMENORRHEA- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: Posh Sheema , Rafiq Suhail , Bashir Iqbal , Aslam Rassieq , Hakeem Aijaz 
Published: March 2020

Background: Amenorrhea is the sixth major cause of female infertility affecting 2–5% of women in reproductive age. Primary amenorrhea affects 2–5% of adolescent girls. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent complications and social consequences. Imaging plays a vital role in etiology of primary amenorrhea. Ultrasound is the first line investigation while Magnetic resonance imaging is important for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.
Aim and Objective: Determine etiology of primary amenorrhea in Kashmiri tertiary care centre and assess role of imaging (USG, CT, MRI) in determining its etiology.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study done by departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Radiodiagnosis and Imaging done in SKIMS hospital from Febuary to December 2019. 46 adolescent girls with primary complain of primary amenorrhea visited hospital’s out patient department.
Results: Eugonadism was the most common cause of primary amenorrhea in our study accounting for 60.8% cases followed by Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in 28.2% cases and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in 10.8% cases. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome was the most common cause of primary amenorrhea accounting for 21.7% cases followed by constitutional delay in 17.3% cases and polycystic ovarian disease in 13% cases.
Radiological investigations primarily ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were directly or indirectly involved in diagnosing 65.5% cases of primary amenorrhea. Radiological Imaging was least useful in patients with constitutional delay.
Conclusion: Radiology should be the first referral department in primary amenorrhea patients. Imaging is helpful in identifying cause of primary amenorrhea in majority of patients. Other modalities like karyotyping, laboratory investigations, clinical examination etc are helpful as well in addition to imaging.
Keywords: Primary Amenorrhea, ultrasound(USG), Magnetic resonance Imaging(MRI), Computerized tomography(CT), Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH).
INDIVIDUALIZED HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT OF CONTACT DERMATITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Shah Indrajeet 
Published: March 2020

Contact dermatitis is a type of skin eruption. It is caused by chemical or physical substance comes in contact with skin that causes allergic reaction. Contact dermatitis can be caused by different compound in home or work. It is chronic or continuous, non-contagious in nature. Here, a18 year’s old girl presented with a popular eruption over flexor aspect of wrist joint and over both ear lobes over last 3 to 4 years. It was a diagnosed case of contact dermatitis. She was successfully treated by individualized Homoeopathic treatment with single medicine Calcarea Carb over 4 to 5 months. She initially did not show stable improvement on homoeopathic medicine selected on the basis of symptoms. On changing the medicine considering mental symptoms and physical general, she gradually showed good improvement and reached remission by 3 months. Remission maintained without any recurrence over the next 2 years. It shows positive role of Homoeopathic treatment in contact dermatitis in a young woman.
Keywords: Homoeopathy, Dermatitis, Contact, Treatment.
USE OF CORROSION CASTS OF RENAL VASCULATURE FOR UG TEACHING
Authors: Shrivastava Tripti , Subhash B , Banerjee A 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The internal three-dimensional structure of organs and patterns of blood vessels is complex and it is often difficult for medical students to visualize and interpret them. The corrosion cast technique is used to study the vascular patterns in kidney as it is one of the powerful tools with anatomical accuracy and durability.
Aim: Preparation of corrosion casts of kidney using CAB (cellulose acetyl butyrate) granules for greater understanding of the spatial relationship of renal vasculature
Objectives

To accelerate knowledge acquisition
To determine student’s perception to the utility of corrosion casts of kidney in UG teaching

Methodology: Corrosion cast technique involves injection of the cast material (CAB granules) dissolved in acetone into the renal vessels. Gradually, the volatile solvent evaporates and the solute solidifies inside the vessel forming solid permanent cast. The unwanted tissues are then washed away using corrosive agents like conc HCl resulting in three-dimensional representation of blood vessels.
The UG students were divided in 2 groups randomly having 50 students each. Half of the total participants received teaching lessons through a lecture discussing renal blood supply using corrosion casts while the rest with 2D images. The other aspects of teaching session, including content, teaching slides were kept identical in both batches. Crossing over was done.
Results & Conclusion: Post session questionnaires were applied to assess knowledge acquisition and learner satisfaction. Feedback was taken of student’s perception on the utility of corrosion casts as an effective teaching – learning method. Analysis of feedback was done. Corrosion casts enhance the student’s skills in spatial visualisation of complex vascular relationships. This can be used for other topics as well.
Keywords: corrosion casts, kidney, feedback