bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of diffuse background on the spatially-resolved Schmidt relation in nearby spiral galaxies
Authors: Kumari Nimisha , Irwin Mike J. , James Bethan L. 
Published: November 2019

Context. The global Schmidt law of star formation provides a power-law relation between the surface densities of star-formation rate (SFR) and gas, and successfully explains plausible scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution. However, star formation being a multi-scale process, requires spatially-resolved analysis for a better understanding of the physics of star formation.
Aims. It has been shown that the removal of a diffuse background from SFR tracers, such as Hα, far-ultraviolet (FUV), infrared, leads to an increase in the slope of the sub-galactic Schmidt relation. We reinvestigate the local Schmidt relations in nine nearby spiral galaxies taking into account the effect of inclusion and removal of diffuse background in SFR tracers as well as in the atomic gas.
Methods. We used multiwavelength data obtained as part of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey, Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel, The H I Nearby Galaxy Survey, and HERA CO-Line Extragalactic Survey. Making use of a novel split of the overall light distribution as a function of spatial scale, we subtracted the diffuse background in the SFR tracers as well as the atomic gas. Using aperture photometry, we study the Schmidt relations on background subtracted and unsubtracted data at physical scales varying between 0.5–2 kpc.
Results. The fraction of diffuse background varies from galaxy to galaxy and accounts to ∼34% in Hα, ∼43% in FUV, ∼37% in 24 μm, and ∼75% in H I on average. We find that the inclusion of diffuse background in SFR tracers leads to a linear molecular gas Schmidt relation and a bimodal total gas Schmidt relation. However, the removal of diffuse background in SFR tracers leads to a super-linear molecular gas Schmidt relation. A further removal of the diffuse background from atomic gas results in a slope ∼1.4 ± 0.1, which agrees with dynamical models of star formation accounting for flaring effects in the outer regions of galaxies.
Improved detection of far-side solar active regions using deep learning
Authors: Felipe T. , Asensio Ramos A. 
Published: November 2019

Context.The analysis of waves on the visible side of the Sun allows the detection of active regions on the far side through local helioseismology techniques. Knowing the magnetism in the whole Sun, including the non-visible hemisphere, is fundamental for several space weather forecasting applications.Aims.Seismic identification of far-side active regions is challenged by the reduced signal-to-noise ratio, and only large and strong active regions can be reliable detected. Here we develop a new method to improve the identification of active region signatures in far-side seismic maps.Methods.We constructed a deep neural network that associates the far-side seismic maps obtained from helioseismic holography with the probability that active regions lie on the far side. The network was trained with pairs of helioseismic phase-shift maps and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms acquired half a solar rotation later, which were used as a proxy for the presence of active regions on the far side. The method was validated using a set of artificial data, and it was also applied to actual solar observations during the period of minimum activity of solar cycle 24.Results.Our approach shows a higher sensitivity to the presence of far-side active regions than standard methods that have been applied up to date. The neural network can significantly increase the number of detected far-side active regions, and will potentially improve the application of far-side seismology to space weather forecasting.
Immediate vs. delayed toe-to-thumb transfer: Is the infection rate greater?
Authors: Ornelli Matteo , Ruocco Giovanni , Kaciulyte Juste , Lazzaro Lara , Felici Nicola 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background After loss of a thumb, the big toe is a possible donor site for reconstruction with wrap-around free flap and trimmed-toe transfer techniques. Early reconstructions seem to reduce the risk of post-operative infections, despite several studies that show different infection rates of the recipient site in immediate toe-to-hand transfer. The authors carried out a retrospective analysis of their experience in thumb reconstruction with big toe transfer and evaluated the results achieved with both immediate and delayed reconstructions in terms of infection occurrence.
Patients and Methods From 2000 to 2017, patients who presented cut, crush and avulsion injuries in the thumb were selected and 33 toe-to-thumb transfers were performed. Patients were divided into two groups: in group A, patients underwent immediate reconstruction, while in group B delayed reconstructions were performed. The two groups received identical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Reliability of the immediate or delayed reconstruction was compared in terms of flap survival, requirement for a secondary intention healing and, in particular, rate of infection.
Results 29 male and 4 female patients were treated. Toe-to-thumb transfers were performed in both groups: in group A, 8 wrap-around free flaps and 4 trimmed toe transfers; in group B, 11 wrap-around and 10 trimmed toe transfers. No flap loss occurred in either groups. No cases of infection were detected in the transferred toes.
Conclusion For toe-to-thumb transfer, there are published reports of a wide range of infection rates of the recipient sites. The authors compared their results in terms of infection rate between immediate reconstruction, group A, and delayed reconstruction, group B. Immediate toe-to-thumb transfer showed equal success rates to delayed transfer. No statistically significant difference in risk of infection between the two groups was found. Results showed that the immediate reconstruction was as safe and reliable as the delayed one.
Internetbezogene Störungen
Authors: Wölfling Klaus 
Published: November 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,seit 30 Jahren durchdringt das Internet zunehmend alle unsere Lebensbereiche und wird omnipräsent in allen Alters- und Bevölkerungsgruppen genutzt. Seit etwa 20 Jahren wird im wissenschaftlichen Sinn die suchtartige Nutzung des Internets mit ihren negativen Auswirkungen auf die Psyche, die geistigen Funktionen und den Körper diskutiert. Vor 6 Jahren wurde im DSM-5 die Forschungsdiagnose Internet Gaming Disorder als erste Unterform der suchtartigen Internetnutzung in ein Klassifikationssystem psychischer Erkrankungen aufgenommen.
Wirtschaftlichkeit der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie: Positionspapier der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie – (DAM)
Authors: Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Fansa Hisham , Lehnhardt Markus , Djedovic Gabriel , Harder Yves , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Vogt Peter Maria 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Wirtschaftlichkeit von Therapien hat im Gesundheitswesen zunehmenden Stellenwert erlangt und wird dadurch auch für Mikrochirurgen ein relevanterer Aspekt ihrer Arbeit. Vor allem der verbundene Kostendruck, langfristig wirtschaftlich zu agieren, nötigt Mikrochirurgen ihre oftmals komplexen Behandlungen gegenüber Krankenversicherungen und Krankenhausträgern zu rechtfertigen. In diesem Positionspaper der deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM) wird der derzeitige Status Quo der Wirtschaftlichkeit in der mikrochirurgischen Extremitäten- und Brustrekonstruktion analysiert, sowie auch die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen auf Therapiewahl und Weiterbildung. Ebenfalls wurde eine Analyse der Literatur gelegt, welche oftmals gesenkte Folgekosten nach komplexen Rekonstruktionen im Vergleich zu chirurgisch günstigeren Alternativverfahren beschreibt. Die beschriebenen Inhalte wurden auf einem Konsensusworkshop anlässlich der 40. Jahrestagung der DAM 2018 in Lugano erarbeitet.
3-Iodothyronamine Induces Diverse Signaling Effects at Different
Aminergic and Non-Aminergic G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Authors: Biebermann Heike , Kleinau Gunnar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe thyroid hormone metabolite 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) exerts diverse
physiological reactions such as a decrease of body temperature, and negative
inotropic and chronotropic effects. This observed pleomorphic effect in
physiology can be barely explained by interaction with only one target protein
such as the trace-amine receptor 1 (TAAR1), a class A G-protein coupled receptor
(GPCR). Moreover, Taar1 knock-out mice still react to 3-T1AM through
physiological responses with a rapid decrease in body temperature. These facts
propelled our group and others to search for further targets for this
molecule.The group of TAARs evolved early in evolution and, according to sequence
similarities, they are closely related to adrenoceptors and other aminergic
receptors. Therefore, several of these receptors were characterized by their
potential to interplay with 3-T1AM. Indeed, 3-T1AM acts as a positive allosteric
modulator on the beta2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2) and as a biased agonist on the
serotonin receptor 1B (5HT1b) and the alpha2-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A). In addition,
3-T1AM was reported to be a weak antagonist at a non-aminergic muscarinic
receptor (M3).These findings impressively reflect that such trace amines can unselectively and
simultaneously function at different receptors expressed by one cell or at
different tissues. In conclusion, the role of 3-T1AM is hypothesized to concert
the fine-tuning of specific cell reactions by the accentuation of certain
pathways dependent on distinct receptors. 3-T1AM acts as a regulator of signals
by blocking, modulating, or inducing simultaneously distinct intracellular
signaling cascades via different GPCRs.
Structure and Mechanism of Iodothyronine Deiodinases – What
We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What Would Be Nice to
Know
Authors: Steegborn Clemens , Schweizer Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeiodinases catalyze the specific removal of iodine atoms from one of the two
iodinated phenyl rings in iodothyronines. They thereby fine-regulate local
thyroid hormone concentrations in organs or cells. The chemical reaction is
unique in the sense that in metazoans the reductive elimination of iodide
depends on the rare amino acid selenocysteine in the enzymes’ active
centers. While there is no prokaryotic homologue of such deiodinases, the
solution of the crystal structure of a catalytic domain of mouse deiodinase 3
has revealed that the ancient peroxiredoxin structure has been repurposed, and
improved using selenocysteine, as a deiodinase during metazoan evolution.
Likewise, many biochemical findings obtained over decades can now be interpreted
in light of the molecular structure. Despite this leap in our understanding of
deiodinase structure, there are still several open questions that need to be
addressed in order to fully understand substrate binding, catalytic mechanism,
and regulation of deiodinases. We surmise that these issues as well as
differences between the three highly homologous isoenzymes must be understood in
order to develop modulators of deiodinases that could be valuable in clinical
use.
Factors Affecting Hospital Length of Stay following Total Knee Replacement: A Retrospective Analysis in a Regional Hospital
Authors: Scholes Corey , Cowley MacDougal , Ebrahimi Milad , Genon Michel , Martin Samuel J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn an effort to reduce hospital length of stay (LoS) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patient management strategies have evolved over time. The aims of this study were threefold: first, to quantify the reduction in LoS for TKA in a regional hospital; second, to identify the patient, surgical and management factors associated with hospital LoS; and lastly, to assess the change in complications incidence and hospital readmission as a function of LoS. A retrospective chart review was conducted on a consecutive series of primary and revision TKAs from January 2012 to March 2018. Factors describing patient demographics, as well as preoperative, intraoperative, surgical, and postoperative management, were extracted from paper and electronic medical records by a team of reviewers. Multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the association between these factors and LoS. In total, 362 procedures were included, which were reduced to 329 admissions once simultaneous bilateral procedures were taken into account. Median LoS reduced significantly (p = 0.001) from 6 to 2 days over the period of review. A stepwise regression analysis identified patient characteristics (age, gender, comorbidities, discharge barriers), perioperative management (anesthesia type), surgical characteristics (approach, alignment method), and postoperative management (mobilization timing, postoperative narcotic use, complication prior to discharge) as factors explaining 58.3% of the variance in LoS. Representation to emergency (6%) and hospital readmission (3%) remained low for the reviewed period. Efforts to reduce hospital LoS following TKA within a regional hospital setting can be achieved over time without significant increases in the rate or severity of complications or representation to acute care and subsequent readmission. The findings establish the role of patient, surgical and management factors in the context of agreed discharge criteria between care providers.
Femoral Trochlear Geometry in Patients with Trochlear Dysplasia Using MRI Oblique Trochlear View
Authors: Ambra Luiz Felipe , Galvão Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves Ferreira , Mameri Enzo Salviatto , Farr Jack , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate trochlear morphology in patients with trochlear dysplasia using a new oblique trochlear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) view (OTV) in comparison with standard axial MRI sequences. MRI exam of 73 patients with patellofemoral instability (PFI) and the same number of controls were retrospectively reviewed. The oblique trochlear sequence was acquired by inclining the axial plane parallel to the intercondylar roof of the sagittal image, showing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in its entire length. Trochlear morphology was assessed on axial and oblique trochlear sequences at three levels: level 1 at 25%, level 2 at 50%, and level 3 at 75% of the length of the trochlear groove. Trochlear sulcus angle and sulcus depth were measured at these three levels and compared between the new trochlear and standard axial sequences. Trochlear sulcus angle and sulcus depth were statistically different between axial and oblique trochlear views at all three levels (p < 0,05). Additionally, OTV displayed more uniform sulcus angle and depth along the trochlea. The oblique trochlear view on the MRI can more accurately evaluate trochlear morphology and also better characterize trochlear dysplasia in patients with PFI. This is Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) expression in uveal melanoma – possible contributor during uveal melanoma progression
Authors: Yang Pan-Pan , Yu Xiao-Hui , Zhou Jiao 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the influence of Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) expression on the proliferation and migration of uveal melanoma (UM) cells, and the potential mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database showed that WARS expression in metastatic cancer was significantly higher than that in no-metastatic group. Kaplan-Meier analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed that high WARS expression was associated with lower survival. Biological function experiments showed that overexpression of WARS in OCM-1A cells can promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas knockdown of WARS in C918 cells showed the opposite effect. Finally, we observed that the up-regulation of WARS induced the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) signaling, whilst depletion of WARS resulted in opponent outcomes. Taken together, our results illustrated that WARS was overexpressed in UM cells and contributed to the viability and motility of UM cells via modulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Small RNA‐sequence analysis of plasma‐derived extracellular vesicle miRNAs in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as circulating biomarkers
Authors: Sundar Isaac Kirubakaran , Li Dongmei , Rahman Irfan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in normal lung physiology to maintain homeostasis in the airways via intercellular communication. EVs include exosomes and microvesicles, and are characterized by their phospholipid bilayers. EVs have been recognized as novel circulating biomarkers of disease, which are released by different cell types. In this study, we used different EV isolation and purification methods to characterize the plasma‐derived EV miRNAs from non‐smokers, smokers and patients with COPD. A small RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) approach was adapted to identify novel circulating EV miRNAs. We found that plasma‐derived EVs from non‐smokers, smokers and patients with COPD vary in their size, concentration, distribution and phenotypic characteristics as confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis of EV surface markers. RNA‐seq analysis confirmed the most abundant types of small RNAs, such as miRNAs, tRNAs, piRNAs snRNAs, snoRNAs and other biotypes in plasma‐derived EVs. We mainly focused on miRNAs as novel biomarkers in smokers and patients with COPD for further analysis. Differential expression by DESeq2 identified distinct miRNA profiles (up‐regulated: miR‐22‐3p, miR‐99a‐5p, miR‐151a‐5p, miR‐320b, miR‐320d; and down‐regulated: miR‐335‐5p, miR‐628‐3p, miR‐887‐5p and miR‐937‐3p) in COPD versus smokers or non‐smokers in a pairwise comparison. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed miRNAs revealed the top pathways, gene ontology and diseases associated with smokers and patients with COPD. We selectively validated miRNAs in EVs isolated from BEAS‐2B cells treated with cigarette smoke extract by quantitative PCR analysis. For the first time, we report that plasma‐derived EV miRNAs are novel circulating pulmonary disease biomarkers. Thus, molecular profiling of EV miRNAs has great translational potential for the development of biomarkers that may be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of COPD.
Application of Convolution Optimization Algorithm Based on Neural Network in Web Attack Test
Authors: Nan Li , Sheng Guan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As society enters the process of information development, the demand for information services in various industries is increasing. Various types of software based on Web services have been widely used in various system platforms, and also bring greater security service requirements. All kinds of network hackers will cause serious damage to the attacks on port access information data. Based on the security of Web services, the paper starts with the characteristics of Web attacks, and studies the structure scheme of Web information feature extraction as a vector model, which is brought into the neural network to calculate by convolution optimization algorithm. The feature vector extraction proposed in the paper is a multi-dimensional training method for convolution input layer. It is suitable for information structure changes in different network environments. By setting the nodes of the Web network as elements of neurons, the connection of several neurons for the model matrix is selected to simulate the effect against web attacks. In the test process, the multi-dimensional space of the proposed algorithm is superior to other algorithms, and has the characteristics of adaptability and controllability. The result of the analysis proves the accurate effect of the research content.
Research of the Attractiveness Factors of MOBA Mobile Games Based on Evaluation Grid Method
Authors: Qi Shen , Chun-Chih Chen , Shu-Ming Wu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the game player’s experience and preference for MOBA (multiplayer online battle arena) mobile games, and to identify the attractiveness quality factors that affect the MOBA mobile game design. In this paper, Honor of Kings is the subject of discussion and research; qualitative research methods are adopted to go deeper into interviews involving deeper gamers; the attractiveness of the MOBA mobile game is summarized; the evaluation grid is constructed and analyzed, which provides a reference for the subsequent MOBA mobile game design and improvement.
A Framework for Multi-Variant Execution Environment
Authors: Junchao Wang , Zhenwu Liu , Hao Liu , Jianmin Pang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Software diversity has been proven to be an effective approach to enhance system security. To make the best of the advantage brought by software diversity, a multi-variant execution environment is needed. However, although some MVEEs have been proposed, most of them are either too simple or only focusing one aspect which limits their widely adoption in industry. In this paper we propose a framework for multi-variant execution environment to enhance the security of software systems. The framework addresses different aspects when implementing a MVEE and can help to make the best of software diversity to enhance the system’s security.
A comprehensive study on robustness of HOG and LBP towards image distortions
Authors: Ren Hanwen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Autonomous driving has been attracting increasing attention in modern society. Lots of work have been conducted in this field focused on vehicle detection. Existing vehicle detection algorithms are developed based on the assumption that data come with good quality. However, the physical world is never free of distortions. In this paper, a comprehensive review study of vehicle detection feature extractors is conducted to test and compare their robustness towards image distortions in practical applications. The two tested mainstream feature extraction methods are Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The specific tested distortion type includes Gaussian noise, Salt and Pepper noise, Gaussian blur, change of color saturation, change of contrast and change of brightness. The review test result shows that: 1). Gaussian noise has negative effects on both HOG and LBP; 2). A certain level of Gaussian Blur and decreasing contrast can do help to increase detection accuracy for LBP, HOG is not affected by them; 3). Color Saturation change, increasing contrast and brightness change will not affect the performance of both feature extraction methods too much when the intensity of these distortions stays in reasonable range; 4). The effect of Salt and Pepper noise is still uncovered based on our experiments.
The Problem of Hopf Bifurcation in a Special Three-dimensional System
Authors: Huang Ruiping , Deng Lei , Wang Na , Gao Cuicui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper, by combining the central manifold theorem with the plane bifurcation theory, conducted a research on the homoclinic bifurcation limit circles of a class of three-dimensional system. The conditions for the existence of stable limit circles were given, and the results of the existing plane systems were generalized.
Chaos Synchronization of a Class of Fractional-order Economic Systems with Time-delay
Authors: Lu Ya , Zhao Xiaoshan , Guo Yongfeng , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the chaos Synchronization problem of a class of economic systems with time delays was studied on Lyapunov stability theory and fractional-order calculus theory. Two methods of fractional-order active sliding mode control and single controller sliding mode control are used, and the differences between the two methods are compared. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility of the two methods. Results show that active sliding mode control scheme is highly resistant to interference.