bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decreased subchondral trabecular bone tissue elastic modulus is associated with pre‐arthritic cartilage damage
Authors: Day J. S. , Ding M. , van der Linden J. C. , Hvid I. , Sumner D. R. , Weinans H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn osteoarthritis, one postulate is that changes in the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone layer result in cartilage damage. The goal of this study was to examine changes in subchondral trabecular bone properties at the calcified tissue level in the early stages of cartilage damage. Finite element models were constructed from microCT scans of trabecular bone from the proximal tibia of donors with mild cartilage damage and from normal donors. In the donors with cartilage damage, macroscopic damage was present only in the medial compartment. The effective tissue elastic moduli were determined using a combination of finite element models and mechanical testing. The bone tissue modulus was reduced by 60% in the medial condyle of the cases with cartilage damage compared to the control specimens. Neither the presence of cartilage damage nor the anatomic site (medial vs. lateral) affected the elastic modulus at the apparent level. The volume fraction of trabecular bone was higher in the medial compartment compared to the lateral compartment of tibiae with cartilage damage (but not the controls), suggesting that mechanical properties were preserved in part at the apparent level by an increase in the bone volume fraction. It seems likely that the normal equilibrium between cartilage properties, bone tissue properties and bone volume fraction is disrupted early in the development of osteoarthritis. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
P300 event-related brain potential and personality in depression
Authors: Hansenne M. , Pitchot W. , Pinto E. , Reggers J , Papart P. , Ansseau M. 
Published: July 2002

summaryP300 is an event-related brain potential (ERP) particularly interesting to the study of cognitive processes in normal subjects and in psychopathology. P300 has been applied in depression with controversial results. A major source for these controversial results could result from the diversity of depressed patients included in the different studies. Supporting this assumption, impulsivity, blunted affect, suicidal behavior and psychotic features significantly influence P300 amplitude. However, no data are available on the possible influences of the personality of depressed patients on P300. Since personality is related to P300 in normal subjects, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between ERPs (P200, N200, and P300) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 54 depressed patients. The main results of the study concern the absence of major correlations between personality dimensions as assessed by the TCI and ERP parameters among depressed patients. Only weak partial positive correlations relate N200 latency with harm avoidance, and P300 amplitude (Pz) with the self-directedness dimension. N200 amplitude is also negatively correlated to persistence. However, the preliminary nature of the presented results with respect to the weak statistical significance should be underlined.
Measures of anhedonia and hedonic responses to sucrose in depressive and schizophrenic patients in comparison with healthy subjects
Authors: Berlin I , Givry-Steiner L , Lecrubier Y , Puech AJ 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAnhedonia may be considered as a transnosological feature of depression and schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to assess hedonic responses to sucrose solutions and sweet taste perception threshold in patients with major depression and in schizophrenic patients in comparison with healthy subjects (matched for age and gender with depressive patients), and to compare these responses to evaluations by the Physical and Social Anhedonia scale of Chapman and the Pleasure Scale of Fawcett, generally used to quantify anhedonia. Hedonic responses to sucrose solutions were similar in patients with major depression (n = 20), schizophrenia (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20). Sweet taste perception threshold was significantly higher in depressive patients than in controls. Hedonic response to sucrose was inversely correlated with physical Anhedonia Scores and sweet taste perception threshold with Pleasure Scale scores. Measures of hedonia/anhedonia were not related with the intensity of depression or anxiety as measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale, respectively. In 11 depressed patients hospitalised for 17 to 33 days, neither hedonic ratings to sucrose solutions, sweet taste perception threshold, Physical, Social Anhedonia scores nor Pleasure Scale scores were modified in spite of substantial decrease in MADRS or Hamilton Anxiety scores. Hedonic responses to sucrose solutions and sweet taste perception threshold may be used as complementary evaluation to quantify anhedonia.
Comparison of the diagnosis of melancholic and atypical features according to DSM-IV and somatic syndrome according to ICD-10 in patients suffering from major depression
Authors: Fountoulakis K.N. , Iacovides A. , Nimatoudis I. , Kaprinis G. , Ierodiakonou Ch. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWhile melancholic (according to DSM) or somatic syndrome (according to ICD) has strong historical roots and substantial empirical verification, the concept of atypical features is relatively new and not sufficiently studied. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability of these diagnostic subcategories in patients suffering from major depression in Greece. Forty patients (eight males and 32 females) aged 19-60 years (mean 39.3, sd 12.2) suffering from major depression according to DSM-IV criteria were studied. SCAN v.2.0 was used to assess symptomatology. The presence of each criterion according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 was registered. Frequency tables were developed and factor and cluster analysis were performed. The results of the analysis suggest the existence of three syndromes which roughly reflect the melancholic and atypical but also propose a third, which can be considered as an ‘undifferentiated’ syndrome. The DSM demand that the existence of melancholic features be excluded first and then that diagnosis of atypical features be made was confirmed.
Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders
Authors: Serretti A , Cavallini MC , Macciardi F , Namia C , Franchini L , Souery D , Lipp O , Bauwens F , Smeraldi E , Mendlewicz J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryMood disorders are characterized by manic and depressive episodes alternating with normal mood. While social function is heavily impaired during episodes of illness, there are conflicting opinions about inter-episode function. The present paper focuses on self-esteem and social adjustment in remitted mood disorders patients.Patients with mood disorders (99 bipolar and 86 major depressive subjects, in remission) were compared with a group of 100 control subjects. The self-esteem scale (SES) and the social adjustment scale (SAS) were used to measure self-esteem and social adjustment, respectively, in both groups of subjects.Patients with mood disorder exhibited worse social adjustment and lower self-esteem than control subjects.These results strongly confirm previous observations of poor inter-episode function in patients with mood disorder.
Prevalence and aetiology of heart failure in an Arab population
Authors: Agarwal A.K. , Venugopalan P. , de Bono D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:The epidemiology of heart failure in Arabia, with a population different from the West in cultural and ethnic origin, has not been studied before.Aims:To determine the prevalence and aetiologies of symptomatic heart failure in an indigenous Arab population over a 3‐year period.Methods:All patients with heart failure ≥ 13 years of age, treated at the only secondary care hospital of the Dhakliya region of Oman between 1992 and 1994 were evaluated prospectively by clinical history and physical examination. Chest radiograph and echo‐Doppler studies were used to confirm the diagnosis of heart failure. Exercise stress testing and/or coronary angiography were also performed in patients > 30 years of age, or earlier if ischaemic heart disease was suspected.Results:A total of 1164 patients were identified giving a prevalence of 5.17/1000 population during the study period (6.04/1000 among males and 4.21/1000 among females; P < 0.001). The prevalence increased with age from 1.05 / 1000 in age group < 45 years to 15.7/1000 in 45–64 years (P < 0.001) and 25.2 / 1000 in ≥ 65 years (P < 0.001). Common causes of heart failure were ischaemic heart disease (51.7%), hypertensive heart disease (24.9%) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (8.3%). Valvular heart disease and lung diseases causing heart failure were less common.Conclusion:The prevalence of symptomatic heart failure was appreciably significant in the population studied, showed a male preponderance and was frequent in people aged ≥ 45 years. Ischaemic heart disease and hypertension were the commonest aetiologies but idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was also present in a significant number of patients being relatively more prevalent than reported from the West.
Dietary and blood antioxidants in patients with chronic heart failure. Insights into the potential importance of selenium in heart failure
Authors: de Lorgeril Michel , Salen Patricia , Accominotti Michèle , Cadau Monique , Steghens Jean‐Paul , Boucher François , de Leiris Joël 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Chronic heart failure (CHF) seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress. However, the hypothesis that antioxidant nutrients may contribute to the clinical severity of the disease has never been investigated.Aims:To examine whether antioxidant nutrients influence the exercise capacity and left ventricular function in patients with CHF.Methods:Dietary intake and blood levels of major antioxidant nutrients were evaluated in 21 consecutive CHF patients and in healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Two indexes of the severity of CHF, peak exercise oxygen consumption (peak VO2) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were measured and their relations with antioxidants were analysed.Results:Whereas plasma alpha‐tocopherol and retinol were in the normal range, vitamin C (P‐0.005) and beta‐carotene (P‐0.01) were lower in CHF. However, there was no significant association between vitamins and either peak VO2 or LVEF. Dietary intake (P<0.05) and blood levels of selenium (P<0.0005) were lower in CHF. Peak VO2 (but not LVEF) was strongly correlated with blood selenium: r‐0.76 by univariate analysis (polynomial regression) and r‐0.87 (P<0.0005) after adjustment for age, sex and LVEF.Conclusions:Antioxidant defences are altered in patients with CHF. Selenium may play a role in the clinical severity of the disease, rather than in the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to confirm the data in a large sample size and to investigate the mechanisms by which selenium and other antioxidant nutrients are involved in CHF.
Mn2+/Yb3+ Codoped CsPbCl3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Triple‐Wavelength Emission for Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Cai Tong , Wang Junyu , Li Wenhao , Hills‐Kimball Katie , Yang Hanjun , Nagaoka Yasutaka , Yuan Yucheng , Zia Rashid , Chen Ou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoping metal ions into lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has attracted great attention over the past few years due to the emergence of novel properties relevant to optoelectronic applications. Here, the synthesis of Mn2+/Yb3+ codoped CsPbCl3 NCs through a hot‐injection technique is reported. The resulting NCs show a unique triple‐wavelength emission covering ultraviolet/blue, visible, and near‐infrared regions. By optimizing the dopant concentrations, the total photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the codoped NCs can reach ≈125.3% due to quantum cutting effects. Mechanism studies reveal the efficient energy transfer processes from host NCs to Mn2+ and Yb3+ dopant ions, as well as a possible inter‐dopant energy transfer from Mn2+ to Yb3+ ion centers. Owing to the high PL QYs and minimal reabsorption loss, the codoped perovskite NCs are demonstrated to be used as efficient emitters in luminescent solar concentrators, with greatly enhanced external optical efficiency compared to that of using solely Mn2+ doped CsPbCl3 NCs. This study presents a new model system for enriching doping chemistry studies and future applications of perovskite NCs.
Why Biomass Residue Is Not as Plentiful as It Looks: Case Study on Economic Supply of Logging Residues
Authors: Swinton Scott M. , Dulys Felix , Klammer Sarah S.H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiomass inventories and techno‐economic supply studies tend to overestimate economic supply of crop and timber residues, because they ignore human decisions on whether to permit residue removal. By combining information about biophysical availability, production and delivery costs, and the willingness of different types of decision maker to permit removal of logging residues, we develop a realistic prediction of economic supply that becomes very price inelastic. Because managers of only 52% of Michigan and Wisconsin forestland studied would allow the removal of logging residues, we conclude that most forecasts overestimate residue biomass supply by 50 to 100%.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Remote C−H Chlorination of Aliphatic Sulfonamides with Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Zhu Yanshuo , Wang Juan‐Juan , Wu Danhua , Yu Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe C(sp3)−H chlorination of aliphatic sulfonamides was realized by visible‐light photoredox catalysis with Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as photocatalsyt and NaOCl⋅5H2O crystals as the chlorinating agent. The reaction proceeds in a tandem pattern of N−H chlorination and Hofmann‐Löffler‐Freytag chlorination. A variety of differently substituted sulfonamides were chlorinated in this way in high yield. A radical‐chain mechanism is proposed for the reaction on the basis of experimental evidence.
Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Xia Yong , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the synergistic “push–pull” effect of vicinal electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups, donor–acceptor (D‐A) cyclopropanes have been recognized as one of the most powerful building blocks to generate polyfunctional reactive intermediates after a strain‐driven ring cleavage. Enantioselective reactions of D‐A cyclopropanes provide an efficient approach to enantioenriched acyclic and cyclic compounds. A number of chiral Lewis/Brønsted acids, transition metals, and organocatalysts have been designed for such transformations, including ring‐openings, annulations, and rearrangements. This minireview highlights the developments and new advances in this field and describes new synthetic opportunities offered by these interesting methodologies.
Solar Reforming of Biomass with Homogeneous Carbon Dots
Authors: Achilleos Demetra S. , Yang Wenxing , Kasap Hatice , Savateev Aleksandr , Markushyna Yevheniia , Durrant James R. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA sunlight‐powered process is reported that employs carbon dots (CDs) as light absorbers for the conversion of lignocellulose into sustainable H2 fuel and organics. This photocatalytic system operates in pure and untreated sea water at benign pH (2–8) and ambient temperature and pressure. The CDs can be produced in a scalable synthesis directly from biomass itself and their solubility allows for good interactions with the insoluble biomass substrates. They also display excellent photophysical properties with a high fraction of long‐lived charge carriers and the availability of a reductive and an oxidative quenching pathway. The presented CD‐based biomass photoconversion system opens new avenues for sustainable, practical, and renewable fuel production through biomass valorization.
Rational Manipulation of Stacking Arrangements in Three‐Dimensional Zeolites Built from Two‐Dimensional Zeolitic Nanosheets
Authors: Xu Le , Ma Tianqiong , Shen Yihan , Wang Yong , Han Lu , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Sun Junliang , Wakihara Toru , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnit‐cell‐thin zeolitic nanosheets have emerged as fascinating materials for catalysis and separation. The controllability of nanosheet stacking is extremely challenging in the chemistry of two‐dimensional zeolitic materials. To date, the organization of zeolitic nanosheets in hydrothermal synthesis has been limited by the lack of tunable control over the guest–host interactions between organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) and zeolitic nanosheets. A direct synthetic methodology is reported that enables systematic manipulation of the aluminosilicate MWW‐type nanosheet stacking. Variable control of guest–host interactions is rationally achieved by synergistically altering the charge density of OSDAs and synthetic silica‐to‐alumina composition. These finely controlled interactions allow successful preparation of a series of three‐dimensional (3D) zeolites, with MWW‐layer stacking in wide ranges from variably disorder to fully ordered, leading to tunable catalytic activity in the cracking reaction. These results highlight unprecedented opportunities to modulate zeolitic nanosheets arrangement in 3D zeolites whose structure can be tailored for catalysis and separation.
Integrating Biomass into the Organonitrogen Chemical Supply Chain: Production of Pyrrole and d‐Proline from Furfural
Authors: Song Song , Fung Kin Yuen Vincent , Di Lu , Sun Qiming , Zhou Kang , Yan Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProduction of renewable, high‐value N‐containing chemicals from lignocellulose will expand product diversity and increase the economic competitiveness of the biorefinery. Herein, we report a single‐step conversion of furfural to pyrrole in 75 % yield as a key N‐containing building block, achieved via tandem decarbonylation–amination reactions over tailor‐designed Pd@S‐1 and H‐beta zeolite catalytic system. Pyrrole was further transformed into dl‐proline in two steps following carboxylation with CO2 and hydrogenation over Rh/C catalyst. After treating with Escherichia coli, valuable d‐proline was obtained in theoretically maximum yield (50 %) bearing 99 % ee. The report here establishes a route bridging commercial commodity feedstock from biomass with high‐value organonitrogen chemicals through pyrrole as a hub molecule.
Light‐Controlled Regioselective Synthesis of Fullerene Bis‐Adducts
Authors: Ðorđević Luka , Casimiro Lorenzo , Demitri Nicola , Baroncini Massimo , Silvi Serena , Arcudi Francesca , Credi Alberto , Prato Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulti‐functionalization and isomer‐purity of fullerenes are crucial tasks for the development of their chemistry in various fields. In both current main approaches—tether‐directed covalent functionalization and supramolecular masks—the control of regioselectivity requires multi‐step synthetic procedures to prepare the desired tether or mask. Herein, we describe light‐responsive tethers, containing an azobenzene photoswitch and two malonate groups, in the double cyclopropanation of [60]fullerene. The formation of the bis‐adducts and their spectroscopic and photochemical properties, as well as the effect of azobenzene photoswitching on the regiochemistry of the bis‐addition, have been studied. The behavior of the tethers depends on the geometry of the connection between the photoactive core and the malonate moieties. One tether lead to a strikingly different adduct distribution for the E and Z isomers, indicating that the covalent bis‐functionalization of C60 can be controlled by light.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the photodegradation of copolyester model compounds
Authors: Arangdad Kiarash , Yildirim Erol , Detwiler Andrew , Cleven Curtis D. , Burk Christopher , Shamey Renzo , Pasquinelli Melissa A. , Freeman Harold , El‐Shafei Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe photodegradation of irradiated PETG and PCCT model compounds namely Tm‐CHDM‐Tm and Tm‐TMCD‐Tm, where Tm refers to the methyl ester of terephthalic acid, CHDM refers to 1, 4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, and TMCD refers to tetramethyl‐1, 3‐cyclobutanediol, was analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photodegradation products were characterized based on high resolution O1s x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and the spectra of irradiated model compounds showed a decrease in the relative intensity of CO compared to the CO peak. The percentage of CO formation in irradiated model compounds changed in proportion to irradiation time and showed that the model compound containing CHDM was slightly more UV stable than the TMCD based model compound. Photodegradation mechanisms for model compounds were proposed based on XPS spectra. In parallel studies, density functional theory calculations were performed as an approach to predict degradation products, to help interpreting the XPS spectra of model compounds and characterize the reactivity of model compounds.
Role of aqueous extract of saffron in ameliorating effect of sofosbuvir on the cerebellar cortex in rat
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa A. A. , Sharaf Eldin Heba E. M. , Elswaidy Noha R. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSofosbuvir is a promising antiviral drug against chronic hepatitis C virus. Although it is characterized by its high efficacy, its adverse effects on nervous tissue are still unclear. Saffron is known for its neuroprotective property. This is a biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of sofosbuvir on the cerebellar cortex of rat and the possible ameliorating role of saffron's aqueous extract. Twenty‐four adult male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control, saffron extract‐treated, sofosbuvir‐treated (41.1 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and group concomitantly treated with saffron extract and sofosbuvir. Sofosbuvir‐treated group recorded a significant increase in cerebellar malondialdehyde level coupling with a significant decrease in tissue glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Light microscopy revealed reduced number of Purkinje cells. The granular layer depicted many granular cells and Bergmann astrocytes with nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations. Electron microscopy revealed disorganized molecular layer with disarranged myelinated axons and disrupted mitochondria. Few shrunken Purkinje cells showed electron‐dense cytoplasm and rarefied nuclei, indistinct nuclear envelope and dilated perinuclear space, areas of vacuolated cytoplasm, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum and few dark mitochondria. Some axons with tiny mitochondria were detected. A significant upregulation in immunohistochemical expression of GFAP‐positive astrocytes was recorded. Concomitant administration of saffron extract significantly improved all studied parameters. Saffron extract is beneficial in ameliorating sofosbuvir‐induced cerebellar morphological changes mainly through its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.