bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment by HIV status, mode of HIV transmission and migrant status: a nation-wide population-based study
Authors: Carlander Christina , Wagner Philippe , Yilmaz Aylin , Sparén Pär , Svedhem Veronica 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To compare employment in people by HIV status, mode of HIV transmission and migrant status.

Design:
Nation-wide population-based register data from 1996 to 2016.

Methods:
All people born between 1940 and 2000 (n = 8587 629) were identified from the Swedish Total Population Register and linked to the Swedish National HIV Register (n = 9492) and Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies. Adjusted prevalence ratios (adjPR) of employment were calculated using Poisson regression. Trends in employment were illustrated in scatterplots with overlaid prediction plots.

Results:
People with HIV were less likely employed than HIV-negative but with decreasing difference over time [adjPR 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.60 in 1996, adjPR 0.84, 95% CI 0.83–0.86 in 2016]. Female migrants with HIV had the highest increase of employment over time and were more likely employed than HIV-negative female migrants by end of follow-up (adjPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.16). Swedish-born with present/former intravenous drug use had the lowest employment rates. Individuals with undetectable HIV-RNA viral levels showed higher employment rates (adjPR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.38) compared with those with detectable viral levels.

Conclusion:
Employment in people living with HIV (PLWH) increased over time but remained lower than for HIV-negative people. HIV was not associated with lower employment in migrants by end of follow-up, indicating that HIV is not a barrier for employment among migrants in Sweden. The heterogeneity of PLWH needs to be taken into account in interventions, and future studies, focusing on access to the labour market in PLWH.
Myofibrillar Structural Variability Underlies Contractile Function in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ufford Kathryn , Friedline Sabrina , Tong Zhaowen , Tang Vi T. , Dobbs Amani S. , Tsan Yao-Chang , Bielas Stephanie L. , Liu Allen P. , Helms Adam S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDisease modeling and pharmaceutical testing using cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-CMs) requires accurate assessment of contractile function. Micropatterning iPSC-CMs on elastic substrates controls cell shape and alignment to enable contractile studies, but determinants of intrinsic variability in this system have been incompletely characterized. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of myofibrillar structure on contractile function in iPSC-CMs. Automated analysis of micropatterned iPSC-CMs labeled with a cell permeant F-actin dye revealed that myofibrillar abundance is widely variable among iPSC-CMs and strongly correlates with contractile function. This variability is not reduced by subcloning from single iPSCs and is independent of iPSC-CM purification method. Controlling for myofibrillar structure reduces false positive findings related to batch effect and improves sensitivity for pharmacologic testing and disease modeling. This analysis provides compelling evidence that myofibrillar structure should be assessed concurrently in studies investigating contractile function in iPSC-CMs.
Heterogeneous Mediation Analysis on Epigenomic PTSD and Traumatic Stress in a Predominantly African American Cohort
Authors: Xue Fei , Tang Xiwei , Kim Grace , Koenen Karestan C. , Martin Chantel L. , Galea Sandro , Wildman Derek , Uddin Monica , Qu Annie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA methylation (DNAm) has been suggested to play a critical role in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), through mediating the relationship between trauma and PTSD. However, this underlying mechanism of PTSD for African Americans still remains unknown. To fill this gap, in this paper, we investigate how DNAm mediates the effects of traumatic experiences on PTSD symptoms in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS) (2008–2013) which involves primarily African Americans adults. To achieve this, we develop a new mediation analysis approach for high-dimensional potential DNAm mediators. A key novelty of our method is that we consider heterogeneity in mediation effects across sub-populations. Specifically, mediators in different sub-populations could have opposite effects on the outcome, and thus could be difficult to identify under a traditional homogeneous model framework. In contrast, the proposed method can estimate heterogeneous mediation effects and identifies sub-populations in which individuals share similar effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods for both homogeneous and heterogeneous data. We also present our mediation analysis results of a dataset with 125 participants and more than 450, 000 CpG sites from the DNHS study. The proposed method finds three sub-groups of subjects and identifies DNAm mediators corresponding to genes such asHSP90AA1andNFATC1which have been linked to PTSD symptoms in literature. Our finding could be useful in future finer-grained investigation of PTSD mechanism and in the development of new treatments for PTSD.
Disinhibitory and neuromodulatory regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Guerreiro Inês , Gu Zhenglin , Yakel Jerrel L. , Gutkin Boris S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHippocampal synaptic plasticity, particularly in the Schaffer collateral (SC) to CA1 pyramidal excitatory transmission, is considered as the cellular mechanism underlying learning. The CA1 pyramidal neurons are embedded in an intricate local circuitry that contains a variety of interneurons. The roles these interneurons play in the regulation of the excitatory synaptic plasticity remains largely understudied. Our recent experiments showed that repeated cholinergic activation of α7 nACh receptors expressed in oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (OLMα2) interneurons could induce LTP in SC-CA1 synapses, likely through disinhibition by inhibiting stratum radiatum (s.r.) interneurons that provide feedforward inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal neurons, revealing a potential mechanism for local interneurons to regulate SC-CA1 synaptic plasticity. Here, we pairin vitrostudies with biophysically-based modeling to uncover the mechanisms through which cholinergic-activated GABAergic interneurons can disinhibit CA1 pyramidal cells, and how repeated disinhibition modulates hippocampal plasticity at the excitatory synapses. We found that α7 nAChR activation increases OLM activity. OLM neurons, in turn inhibit the fast-spiking interneurons that provide feedforward inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. This disinhibition, paired with tightly timed SC stimulation, can induce potentiation at the excitatory synapses of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our work further describes the pairing of disinhibition with SC stimulation as a general mechanism for the induction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.Disinhibition of the excitatory synapses, paired with SC stimulation, leads to increased NMDAR activation and intracellular calcium concentration sufficient to upregulate AMPAR permeability and potentiate the synapse. Repeated paired disinhibition of the excitatory synapse leads to larger and longer lasting increases of the AMPAR permeability. Our study thus provides a novel mechanism for inhibitory interneurons to directly modify glutamatergic synaptic plasticity. In particular, we show how cholinergic action on OLM interneurons can down-regulate the GABAergic signaling onto CA1 pyramidal cells, and how this shapes local plasticity rules. We identify paired disinhibition with SC stimulation as a general mechanism for the induction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2, a regulator of glycosylation and glycogen, is essential for pancreatic cancer growth
Authors: Wolfe Andrew L. , Zhou Qingwen , Toska Eneda , Galeas Jacqueline , Ku Angel A. , Koche Richard P. , Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Scaltriti Maurizio , Lebrilla Carlito B. , McCormick Frank , Kim Sung Eun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) have enhanced nutrient uptake requirements and rapid metabolic processing. The enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2) rests at the convergence of multiple metabolic pathways, however the role of UGP2 in tumor maintenance and cancer metabolism remains unclear. Here, we identify an essential role for UGP2 in the maintenance of PDAC growth in bothin vitroandin vivotumor models. Transcription of UGP2 is directly regulated by the YAP/TEAD complex. Loss of UGP2 leads to decreased intracellular glycogen and defects in N-glycosylation targets important for cell growth including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In murine xenograft models, knockdown of UGP2 halted tumor growth and repressed expression of EGFR. The critical roles of UGP2 in cancer maintenance, metabolism, and protein glycosylation may offer new avenues of therapy for otherwise intractable PDACs.Impact StatementConvergent findings reveal that UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 has a central role in growth and metabolism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, highlighting novel therapeutic possibilities for this deadly cancer.
Once and future purchasing power, the yellow vests and populist economics
Authors: Richardson Jacques G. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand a spontaneous movement of social mobilization and protest known as the yellow vests and their unrelenting demand for increased buying power.

Design/methodology/approach
A capsule history of France and the universal struggle for a living wage lead to a post-Marxian process of intensified civic action to support the universal aims of well-being and fair play.

Findings
The yellow vests appear to be assuming the proportions of an unorthodox labor fraternity, a novel pressure network transcending the usual time-and-money quests of integrated trade unions.

Research limitations/implications
Little attention is paid to the changing nature of employment, work itself and labor competitiveness. These require further research.

Originality/value
Internal and external factors are identified, combining to explain the lack of discipline and orderly evolution by both animators and demonstrators.
Antecedents for enhanced level of cyber-security in organisations
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Biswas Baidyanath , Bhatia Manjot Singh , Dora Manoj 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe present study aims to identify and investigate the antecedents of enhanced level of cyber-security at the organisational level from both the technical and the human resource perspective using human–organisation–technology (HOT) theory.Design/methodology/approachThe study has been conducted on 151 professionals who have expertise in dealing with cyber-security in organisations in sectors such as retail, education, healthcare, etc. in India. The analysis of the data is carried out using partial least squares based structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results from the study suggest that “legal consequences” and “technical measures” adopted for securing cyber-security in organisations are the most important antecedents for enhanced cyber-security levels in the organisations. The other significant antecedents for enhanced cyber-security in organisations include “role of senior management” and “proactive information security”.Research limitations/implicationsThis empirical study has significant implications for organisations as they can take pre-emptive measures by focussing on important antecedents and work towards enhancing the level of cyber-security.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is combining both technical and human resource perspective in identifying the determinants of enhanced level of cyber-security in the organisations.
Incentive mechanism for a sustainable public distribution system
Authors: Venkataraman Sri Vanamalla , Hamid Faiz 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Government distributing rationed goods through a public distribution system often do not reach the deserving citizens primarily due to the practice of corruption. This paper aims to design an incentive mechanism to curtail such corrupt practices.

Design/methodology/approach
The incentive mechanism is developed in a principal-agent framework where the information asymmetry is in the form of moral hazard.

Findings
The mechanism designed through this study sufficiently penalizes the agent who receives bribe and incentivizes if desired level of effort is applied.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the existing literature by developing an incentive mechanism to prevent bureaucratic corruption. Appropriate wages are also quantified in this study.
Realistic design of laser powder bed fusion channels
Authors: Klingaa Christopher Gottlieb , Mohanty Sankhya , Hattel Jesper Henri 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Conformal cooling channels in additively manufactured molds are superior over conventional channels in terms of cooling control, part warpage and lead time. The heat transfer ability of cooling channels is determined by their geometry and surface roughness. Laser powder bed fusion manufactured channels have an inherent process-induced dross formation that may significantly alter the actual shape of nominal channels. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to predict the expected surface roughness and changes in the geometry of metal additively manufactured conformal cooling channels. The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology for predicting the realistic design of laser powder bed fusion channels.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a methodology for making nominal channel design more realistic by the implementation of roughness prediction models. The models are used for altering the nominal shape of a channel to its predicted shape by point cloud analysis and manipulation.

Findings
A straight channel is investigated as a simple case study and validated against X-ray computed tomography measurements. The modified channel geometry is reconstructed and meshed, resulting in a predicted, more realistic version of the nominal geometry. The methodology is successfully tested on a torus shape and a simple conformal cooling channel design. Finally, the methodology is validated through a cooling test experiment and comparison with simulations.

Practical implications
Accurate prediction of channel surface roughness and geometry would lead toward more accurate modeling of cooling performance.

Originality/value
A robust start to finish method for realistic geometrical prediction of metal additive manufacturing cooling channels has yet to be proposed. The current study seeks to fill the gap.
The mediating effects of HRM practices on the relationship between SCM and SMEs firm performance in Thailand
Authors: Kitchot Siriwan , Siengthai Sununta , Sukhotu Vatcharapol 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationships among supply chain management (SCM) implementation, human resource management (HRM) practices and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) firm performance in Thailand. It further examines whether HRM practices have a mediating effect on such relationship.Design/methodology/approachA survey instrument was developed based on the literature review which then was verified by SCM expert opinions. Cross-sectional surveys of sample employees of SMEs in Thailand were undertaken by both direct and mail surveys. Of about 779 questionnaires distributed, 203 usable questionnaires were returned. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the obtained data.FindingsThe statistical results reveal that SCM indirectly improves firm performance of small- and medium-sized firms through HRM practices. The latter, HRM practices, is found to fully mediate the impact of SCM implementation on SME firm performance. These results suggest that SCM cannot enhance SME firm performance if its implementation is undertaken without effective HRM practices.Originality/valueThis study identified the research gap in SCM areas by recognizing the scarcity of research on SCM in SMEs and by identifying and integrating HRM practices as a significant behavioral support system to SCM implementation in SMEs. Its results reveal that HRM practices fully mediates the impact of SCM on SMEs’ firm performance.
Resistance–recovery trade‐off of soil microbial communities under altered rain regimes: An experimental test across European agroecosystems
Authors: Piton Gabin , Foulquier Arnaud , Martinez‐García Laura B. , Legay Nicolas , Arnoldi Cindy , Brussaard Lijbert , Hedlund Katarina , Martins da Silva Pedro , Nascimento Eduardo , Reis Filipa , Sousa José Paulo , Clément Jean‐Christophe , De Deyn Gerlinde B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

With the increased occurrence of climate extremes, there is an urgent need to better understand how management strategies affect the capacity of the soil microbial community to maintain its ecosystem functions (e.g. nutrient cycling).

To address this issue, intact monoliths were extracted from conventional and ecological managed grasslands in three countries across Europe and exposed under common air condition (temperature and moisture) to one of three altered rain regimes (dry, wet and intermittent wet/dry) as compared to a normal regime. Subsequently, we compared the resistance and recovery of the soil microbial biomass, potential enzyme activities and community composition.

The microbial community composition differed with soil management and rain regimes. Soil microbial biomass increased from the wetter to the dryer rain regime, paralleling an increase of available carbon and nutrients, suggesting low sensitivity to soil moisture reduction but nutritional limitations of soil microbes. Conversely, enzyme activities decreased with all altered rain regimes.

Resistance and recovery (considering absolute distance between normal and altered rain regime) of the microbial communities depended on soil management. Conventional‐intensive management showed higher resistance of two fundamental properties for nutrient cycling (i.e. bacterial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities) yet associated with more important changes in microbial community composition. This suggests an internal community reorganization promoting biomass and activity resistance. Conversely, under ecological management bacterial biomass and enzyme activities showed better recovery capacity, whereas no or very low recovery of these properties was observed under conventional management. These management effects were consistent across the three altered rain regimes investigated, indicating common factors controlling microbial communities’ response to different climate‐related stresses.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides experimental evidence for an important trade‐off for agroecosystem management between (a) stabilizing nutrient cycling potential during an altered rain regime period at the expense of very low recovery capacity and potential long‐term effect (conventional sites) and (b) promoting the capacity of the microbial community to recover its functional potential after the end of the stress (ecological sites). Thus, management based on ecologically sound principles may be the best option to sustain long‐term soil functioning under climate change.
The effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on endothelial function after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Ekeloef Sarah , Gundel Ossian , Falkenberg Andreas , Mathiesen Ole , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial dysfunction seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of myocardial injury after surgery. The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to examine whether remote ischaemic preconditioning in relation to hip fracture surgery ameliorates post‐operative systemic endothelial dysfunction.MethodsThis was a planned single‐centre pilot sub‐study of a multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Patients ≥45 years with a cardiovascular risk factor were randomised to remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) or control (standard treatment) performed in relation with their hip fracture operation. RIPC consisted of four cycles of 5 minutes forearm ischaemia and reperfusion. The procedure was performed non‐invasively with a tourniquet. The endothelial function was assessed with non‐invasive digital pulse amplitude tonometry on post‐operative day 1 and expressed as the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI). Endothelial dysfunction was defined as RHI < 1.22.ResultsBetween February 2015 and December 2016, 18 patients were allocated to the RIPC group and 20 patients to the control group. The endothelial function was impaired in both groups on post‐operative day 1. RHI did not differ between the groups, 1.47 (95% CI 1.20‐1.75) in the RIPC group vs. 1.54 (95% CI 1.17‐1.91) in the control group, P = .76. Endothelial dysfunction was present in 3/18 patients (16.7%) in the RIPC group and 8/20 patients (40%) in the control group, P = .11.ConclusionNo beneficial effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the systemic endothelial dysfunction, assessed at a single time point on post‐operative day one, was detected after hip fracture surgery.
Effectiveness of different lures for attracting Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Sukovata Lidia , Jaworski Tomasz , Plewa Radosław 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ips acuminatus (the sharp‐toothed bark beetle, STBB) is currently considered to be one of the most serious pests of Scots pine in many European countries. STBB management is among the most challenging tasks in pine forests; the development of methods for monitoring, predicting and managing outbreaks of this bark beetle is therefore crucial.
Pheromone‐baited traps have been widely recommended as a valuable tool for the monitoring and mass trapping of bark beetles. Although different suppliers offer a variety of STBB lures, their effectiveness has rarely, if ever, been evaluated under natural conditions.
We evaluated the attractiveness of three commercially available and five experimental synthetic lures by comparing the numbers of STBBs captured in white, six‐funnel traps. The studies were conducted in 2017–2019 in Poland, in Scots pine‐dominated forests affected by STBB outbreaks.
Our study demonstrated significant differences in the effectiveness of the lures. The experimental lure produced by the Witasek company (Austria) and the recently marketed lure Acumodor Micro from Chemipan (Poland) were the most attractive to STBB. Among the least effective were two commercial lures (Acuwit and Acumodor), hitherto used in Central Europe.
The results will be useful in developing methods for the monitoring and management of STBB populations.
Policy Deliberation and Voter Persuasion: Experimental Evidence from an Election in the Philippines
Authors: López‐Moctezuma Gabriel , Wantchekon Leonard , Rubenson Daniel , Fujiwara Thomas , Pe Lero Cecilia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a randomized experiment in cooperation with two national parties competing in a congressional election in the Philippines, we estimate the causal effect on voting behavior of a town‐hall style campaign in which candidates discuss their campaign platform with small groups of citizens. Keeping the parties' platform fixed, we find that town‐hall meetings have a positive effect on parties' vote shares compared to the status quo, in which voters play a passive role. Consistent with the parties' advocacy for underprivileged groups, we observe heterogeneous effects by income, education, and gender. Deliberative campaigns increase voters' awareness on the issues parties campaign on, affecting the vote of the direct beneficiaries of the parties' platform.