bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random forest algorithms for recognizing daily life activities using plantar pressure information: a smart-shoe study
Authors: Ren Dian , Aubert-Kato Nathanael , Anzai Emi , Ohta Yuji , Tripette Julien 
Published: October 2020

Background
Wearable activity trackers are regarded as a new opportunity to deliver health promotion interventions. Indeed, while the prediction of active behaviors is currently primarily relying on the processing of accelerometer sensor data, the emergence of smart clothes with multi-sensing capacities is offering new possibilities. Algorithms able to process data from a variety of smart devices and classify daily life activities could therefore be of particular importance to achieve a more accurate evaluation of physical behaviors. This study aims to (1) develop an activity recognition algorithm based on the processing of plantar pressure information provided by a smart-shoe prototype and (2) to determine the optimal hardware and software configurations.

Method
Seventeen subjects wore a pair of smart-shoe prototypes composed of plantar pressure measurement insoles, and they performed the following nine activities: sitting, standing, walking on a flat surface, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, walking up a slope, running, cycling, and completing office work. The insole featured seven pressure sensors. For each activity, at least four minutes of plantar pressure data were collected. The plantar pressure data were cut in overlapping windows of different lengths and 167 features were extracted for each window. Data were split into training and test samples using a subject-wise assignment method. A random forest model was trained to recognize activity. The resulting activity recognition algorithms were evaluated on the test sample. A multi hold-out procedure allowed repeating the operation with 5 different assignments. The analytic conditions were modulated to test (1) different window lengths (1–60 seconds), (2) some selected sensor configurations and (3) different numbers of data features.

Results
A window length of 20 s was found to be optimum and therefore used for the rest of the analysis. Using all the sensors and all 167 features, the smart shoes predicted the activities with an average success of 89%. “Running” demonstrated the highest sensitivity (100%). “Walking up a slope” was linked with the lowest performance (63%), with the majority of the false negatives being “walking on a flat surface” and “walking upstairs.” Some 2- and 3-sensor configurations were linked with an average success rate of 87%. Reducing the number of features down to 20 does not alter significantly the performance of the algorithm.

Conclusion
High-performance human behavior recognition using plantar pressure data only is possible. In the future, smart-shoe devices could contribute to the evaluation of daily physical activities. Minimalist configurations integrating only a small number of sensors and computing a reduced number of selected features could maintain a satisfying performance. Future experiments must include a more heterogeneous population.
Identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family during different developmental stages in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit
Authors: Tiika Richard John , Wei Jia , Ma Rui , Yang Hongshan , Cui Guangxin , Duan Huirong , Ma Yanjun 
Published: October 2020

Background
The WRKY gene family, one of the major transcription factor families in plants, plays crucial regulatory roles in physiological and biological developmental processes, and the adaptation of plants to the environment. However, the systematic study of WRKY structure, expression profiling, and regulatory functions has not been extensively reported in Lycium ruthenicum, although these aspects have been comprehensively studied in most plant species.

Methods
In this study, the WRKY genes were identified from a L. ruthenicum transcriptome database by using bioinformatics. The identification, phylogenetic analysis, zinc-finger structures, and conserved motif prediction were extensively explored. Moreover, the expression levels of 23 selected genes with fragments per kilobase of exons per million mapped reads (FPKM) >5 were assayed during different fruit developmental stages with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results
A total of 73 putative WRKY proteins in the L. ruthenicum transcriptome database were identified and examined. Forty-four proteins with the WRKY domain were identified and divided into three major groups with several subgroups, in accordance with those in other plant species. All 44 LrWRKY proteins contained one or two conserved WRKY domains and a zinc-finger structure. Conserved motif prediction revealed conservation of the WRKY DNA-binding domain in L. ruthenicum proteins. The selected LrWRKY genes exhibited discrete expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages. Interestingly, five LrWRKYs (-20, -21, -28, -30, and -31) were expressed remarkably throughout the fruit developmental stages.

Discussion
Our results reveal the characteristics of the LrWRKY gene family, thus laying a foundation for further functional analysis of the WRKY family in L. ruthenicum.
TVA-based modeling of short-term memory capacity, speed of processing and perceptual threshold in chronic stroke patients undergoing cognitive training: case-control differences, reliability, and associations with cognitive performance
Authors: Richard Geneviève , Petersen Anders , Ulrichsen Kristine Moe , Kolskår Knut K. , Alnæs Dag , Sanders Anne-Marthe , Dørum Erlend S. , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Nordvik Jan E. , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: October 2020

Attentional deficits following stroke are common and pervasive, and are important predictors for functional recovery. Attentional functions comprise a set of specific cognitive processes allowing to attend, filter and select among a continuous stream of stimuli. These mechanisms are fundamental for more complex cognitive functions such as learning, planning and cognitive control, all crucial for daily functioning. The distributed functional neuroanatomy of these processes is a likely explanation for the high prevalence of attentional impairments following stroke, and underscores the importance of a clinical implementation of computational approaches allowing for sensitive and specific modeling of attentional sub-processes. The Theory of Visual Attention (TVA) offers a theoretical, computational, neuronal and practical framework to assess the efficiency of visual selection performance and parallel processing of multiple objects. Here, in order to assess the sensitivity and reliability of TVA parameters reflecting short-term memory capacity (K), processing speed (C) and perceptual threshold (t0), we used a whole-report paradigm in a cross-sectional case-control comparison and across six repeated assessments over the course of a three-week computerized cognitive training (CCT) intervention in chronic stroke patients (> 6 months since hospital admission, NIHSS ≤ 7 at hospital discharge). Cross-sectional group comparisons documented lower short-term memory capacity, lower processing speed and higher perceptual threshold in patients (n = 70) compared to age-matched healthy controls (n = 140). Further, longitudinal analyses in stroke patients during the course of CCT (n = 54) revealed high reliability of the TVA parameters, and higher processing speed at baseline was associated with larger cognitive improvement after the intervention. The results support the feasibility, reliability and sensitivity of TVA-based assessment of attentional functions in chronic stroke patients.
Factors Affecting Extent of Haor Livelihood Diversification in Sunamganj District, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Muslima , Ahmed Jasim Uddin , Fatema Kanij , Datta Tumpa , Akter Khadija 
Published: October 2020

The present study aims to examine the contribution of fishing in total income and extent ofhaor livelihood diversification; and identify the factors affecting haorlivelihood diversification of the fishing community.
This study was conducted in Dekhar Haor of Sunamganj district. The data were collected from primary sources by using Simple random sampling from 100 respondents. Tobit model was used to determine the factors affecting the livelihood diversification. Fishing contributed highest to the household income. The estimated Simpson Index showed that fishermen have diversified their livelihood activities at medium level. The results showed that age of the respondents, years of schooling, access to credit and savings had positive effect, while, mode of land ownership, distance from the nearest market and value of household’s assets had negative effects on livelihood diversification. Non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to increasehaor livelihood diversification.
Investigation on Microbiological, Organoleptic and Shelf Life Characteristics of Wheat-cassava Bread
Authors: Okoli C. L. , Efiuvwevwere B. J. O. , Eruteya O. C. 
Published: October 2020

Aim: Microbiology, sensory and shelf life evaluation of wheat-cassava bread from raw materials to finished products.
Study Design: Completely randomized design with two replications and average values calculated for mean comparison.
Place and Duration of Study: Food/Industrial Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Nigeria, from June 2018 to March, 2019.
Methodology: Microbiological, proximate, physicochemical, sensory and shelf-life characteristics of wheat-cassava bread produced using different formulations (90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40) and control 100% wheat-bread were investigated during storage at 32±2°C, using standard methods. Bread were baked at 180°C and 200°C. Two independent determinations were analyzed using ANOVA and significance of the mean differences determined at P=.05.
Results: Mean total heterotrophic counts (THC) of raw flour samples increased from 5.41 to 7.62 log10 cfu g-1; total coliform from, 1.08 to 1.90 log10 cfu g-1; and total fungal counts from 2.46 to 4.88 log10 cfu g-1 with increasing cassava flour substitution. Mean values for THC and total fungal counts of baked bread samples increased from 1.88 to 7.73 log10 cfu g-1 and 0.48 to 4.05 log10 cfu g-1 respectively from day 0 to day 6. However, coliforms were not detected in baked bread. The predominantly isolated bacteria were: Bacillus, Aerococcus and Staphylococcus while fungi were: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Proximate composition showed that carbohydrate and ash contents increased from 46.07 to 55.29% and 1.35 to 3.79% respectively while crude protein and moisture contents decreased from 14.01 to 8.08% and 29.0 to 23.8% respectively and pH from 6.59 to 6.14 with increasing cassava flour substitution.
Conclusion: The overall acceptability of the wheat/cassava bread reduced with increasing cassava flour concentration, however, there was no significant difference (P=.05) in the overall acceptability of the 100% wheat bread and that of 90:10% till day four.
Effect of FSP-inserted Cu on Physicochemical Properties of Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Poosri Charuwan , Chaisuk Choowong , Klysubun Wantana 
Published: October 2020

The copper inserted on Cu/Al2O3 catalysts with various Cu loading (10-40 wt%) were synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). These catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The XRD results confirmed the formation of copper aluminate spinel (CuAl2O4) on the FSP-inserted Cu catalyst. The CuO crystallite size of the Cu/Al2O3 catalysts was increased with increasing Cu loading during the flame spray pyrolysis step. The incorporation of copper and aluminum precursors during the flame spray pyrolysis step can inhibit the growth of Al2O3 particles resulting in higher BET surface area and smaller particle size than pure Al2O3 support. The data from TPR and XANES results can predict the ratio of CuO and CuAl2O4 in the FSP-made support. Less than 20 wt% loading of the FSP-inserted Cu showed high concentration of CuAl2O4 phase in the FSP-made material. The composition of CuO and CuAl2O4 phase can be controlled by varying Cu loading in flame spray pyrolysis step. This is a promising alternative way to synthesize the desired catalyst. An example was the catalytic testing of the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The presence of both CuO and CuAl2O4 phases in the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst enhanced the catalytic activity and promoted the selectivity to acetol product. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Studies on Epoxidation of Tung oil with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Budiyati Eni , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Budiman Arief , Budhijanto Budhijanto 
Published: October 2020

Tung oil with an iodine value (IV) of 99.63 g I2/100 g was epoxidized in-situ with glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the presence sulfuric acid as catalyst. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mole ratio of H2O2 to unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), reaction time and catalyst concentration in Tung oil epoxidation. The reaction kinetics were also studied. Epoxidation was carried out for 4 h. The reaction rates and side reactions were evaluated based on the IV and the conversion of the epoxidized Tung oil to oxirane. Catalytic reactions resulted in higher reaction rate than did non-catalytic reactions. Increasing the catalyst concentration resulted in a large decrease in the IV and an increase in the conversion to oxirane at the initial reaction stage. However, higher catalyst concentration in the epoxidation reaction caused to a decrease in reaction selectivity. The mole ratio of H2O2 to UFA had an influence identical to the catalyst concentration. The recommended optimum mole ratio and catalyst concentration in this study were 1.6 and 1.5%, respectively. The highest conversion was 48.94% for a mole ratio of 1.6. The proposed kinetic model provided good results and was suitable for all variations in reaction temperature. The activation energy (Ea) values were around 5.7663 to 76.2442 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
NZF Nanoscale Particles: Synthesis, Characterization and its Effective Adsorption of Bromophenol Blue
Authors: Naceur Benhadria , Abdelkader Elaziouti , Nadjia Laouedj , Esmahene Sari 
Published: October 2020

The ferrospinels NixZn1_xFe2O4 (x = 0.0 and 0.6) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method and analyzed by TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM-EDS, UV-Vis-DRS, and pHIEP. The adsorption potential of NZF NPs towards the Bromophenol blue (BPB) dye was investigated. The batch adsorption efficiency parameters were studied including contact time, pH, initial dye concentrations and catalyst dosage. Results indicated that NZF crystallized in single-phase and exhibited smaller crystallite size (49 nm vs. 59.24 nm) than that of the pristine (ZF). The SEM analysis showed that the materials are elongated-like shape. NZF catalyst showed a red-shift of absorption bands and a more narrowed band gap (2.30 eV vs. 1.65 eV) as compared to ZF. The adsorption process was found to be highly dependent to the pH of the solution, dye concentration and adsorbent dose. Under optimum conditions of 5 mg.L–1 BPB, 0.5 g.L–1 NZF catalyst, pH = 6, and 25 °C, up to ≈ 86.30% removal efficiency could be achieved after 60 min. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit with highest correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.99). A high specific surface area, a stabilized dispersion state of NZF NPs and the electrostatic interaction between the BPB-2 anions and the NZF-H3O+active sites on NZF surface were believed to be the main factors that can be responsible for the high adsorption efficiency. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin prevents diabetic kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Li Zi , Murakoshi Maki , Ichikawa Saki , Koshida Takeo , Adachi Eri , Suzuki Chigure , Ueda Seiji , Gohda Tomohito , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: October 2020

Trials on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes have consistently demonstrated that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. However, their renal protective mechanisms have yet to be completely understood and the effect on albuminuria reduction in animal models is controversial. We investigated these issues using KK and KK‐Ay mice as a control (CTRL) and as a model for type 2 diabetes (DKD), respectively. KK‐Ay mice were treated with 0.015% tofogliflozin, which is an SGLT2 inhibitor, starting at seven weeks of age for eight weeks. Compared with the CTRL mice, the DKD mice had higher HbA1c levels and albuminuria. Although tofogliflozin treatment significantly lowered HbA1c levels, it did not reverse albuminuria. Tofogliflozin treatment enhanced damage in both the glomerular (i.e., enlarged mesangial area, increased foot process effacement rate, and decreased number of WT‐1‐positive cells) and tubulointerstitial (increased protein levels of KIM‐1 and MCP‐1, increased number of macrophages, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology) areas. Our results suggest that tofogliflozin may prevent glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, partly by ameliorating hyperglycemia, renal inflammation, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology.
Reference Intervals for Blood Analytes of Adult Aquarium Housed Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Authors: Cassle Stephen E. , Yanong Roy P. E. , Pouder Deborah B. , Rodriguez Carlos , Mylniczenko Natalie , Thompson Patrick M. , Stilwell Natalie K. , Heym Kathy J. , Harmon Todd , Stacy Nicole I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii are an important, critically endangered, roe producing species. Despite a wealth of knowledge pertaining to other members of family Acipenseridae, there is very limited published information regarding baseline blood analytes in Russian Sturgeon. The objectives of this study were (1) to establish reference intervals for a suite of hematological and biochemical data and (2) to compare plasma chemistry data to two point of care (POC) cartridges, tested on the VetScan iSTAT 1 analyzer, that use heparinized whole blood for the assessment of clinically normal, aquacultured adult Russian Sturgeon sedated with eugenol (AQUI S 20E) at a single institution. Reference intervals are reported. The calculated hematocrit measured by the POC analyzer tended 4–5% lower than the spun packed cell volume, confirming the importance of spun packed cell volume as a reliable measurement of red blood cell mass. Various analytes, notably whole blood urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, total carbon dioxide, chloride, ionized calcium, and anion gap, were significantly different by both POC cartridges. This study successfully produced reference intervals for blood analytes in adult Russian Sturgeon under managed care and creates a foundation for future studies into the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors and variations of analytical methodologies on blood analytes in this species.
Hematology and Clinical Biochemistry Profiles in Antillean Manatee Trichechus manatus manatus from Different Types of Captivity and Free Living in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Mendonça Marcos A. , Fonseca Maisa S. , Attademo Fernanda L. N. , Marques Franciane S. , Ayres Maria C. C. , Barral Thiago D. , Meyer Roberto , Portela Ricardo D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus can be found along the northern and northeastern coasts of Brazil. Previous studies on the clinical biochemistry of these animals were conducted in North America and the Caribbean, whereas little is known regarding these parameters in South American manatee populations. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to examine the hematology and clinical biochemistry of Antillean manatees of different sexes and from different environments in northeast Brazil. Whole-blood and serum samples were obtained from healthy individuals. The hemogram analysis was performed and the levels of blood biochemical components were determined using an automated platform. The only statistically significant difference observed in the hemogram was a higher number of heterophils in manatees that were screened during the dry season of the year. Clinical biochemistry profiling revealed that free-ranging manatees presented lower levels of creatinine. Albumin was detected in higher concentrations in animals from rehabilitation captivity, and amylase presented higher levels in manatees that were kept in acclimation captivity. Free-ranging manatees showed higher serum aspartate aminotransferase levels than manatees in rehabilitation captivity. These results can aid veterinarians and conservation professionals in the development of better captive management procedures and in the clinical approach to manatees.
Reproducibility of the Six‐Minute Walk Test in Children and Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pritchard Lesley , Verschuren Olaf , Roy Michelle , Kaup Cara , Rumsey Dax G. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveWhile the 6‐minute walk test is increasingly being used in research to evaluate submaximal exercise capacity of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), psychometric properties with this population have not been well evaluated. We undertook this study to evaluate reproducibility (agreement and test–retest reliability) and to determine standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) in children and youth with JIA.MethodsParticipants (n = 22, mean ± SD age 13.1 ± 1.1 years, 63.6% female) completed a 6‐minute walk test as part of their routine clinical assessment, and then repeated the 6‐minute walk test at mean ± SD 8 ± 1.2 days later, in the same clinical setting with the same rater.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.86 (0.66–0.94); the SEM and SDD were 23.5 and 65.1 meters, respectively.ConclusionThese results provide evidence of good–excellent reproducibility of the 6‐minute walk test with children and youth with JIA and support the use of the 6‐minute walk test as a measure of submaximal exercise capacity in clinical practice and research.