bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eleven isoquinoline alkaloids on inhibiting tissue factor activity: structure-activity relationships and molecular docking
Authors: He Xuhua , Zeng Yongjiang , Jiang Wenwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) which plays a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis appears to be an attractive target and medicinal plants having alkaloids inhibition TF activity benefit to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of study is to explore further knowledge about alkaloids and TF. TF procoagulant activities were determined by the simplified chromogenic assay and their mRNA expression were then examined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Besides, the potential of TF/FVIIa binding with four representative alkaloids were analyzed by molecular docking. The results indicated that these isoquinoline alkaloids with various structures had a different effect on suppression of TF activity. Molecular docking showed four alkaloids including l-corydalmine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, and tetrahydropalmatine were stably posed in the active binding pocket of TF/FVIIa. The SARs analysis showed the structural difference including planar, quaternary nitrogen, and the peripheral functional groups at C-8, C-9, C-10, have strong effect on inhibition of TF activity, which provided effective methods to modify isoquinoline alkaloids for inhibiting TF activity. This study provides a further evidence for the cardiovascular protection of isoquinoline alkaloids, and has physiological significance in the clinical challenge to use isoquinoline alkaloids or their potential analogs in the treatment of CVD.
Intertester and Intratester Reliability of Functional Movement Tests by Trained Testers in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Park Kyue-nam , Kim Si-hyun 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Movement quality of the lower extremities is considered an indicator of functional status in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and visual assessment of movement quality during functional movement tests can identify movement dysfunction and predict factors associated with lower extremity injuries. This study investigated the intertester and intratester reliability of trained testers for functional movement tests in community-dwelling older adults with knee OA.

Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 43 older adults with knee OA were recruited for this study and performed 2 functional movement tests: squat and step-down. Movement quality during the functional movement tests was visually rated in segmental (trunk, pelvic, knee, and foot) and overall regions and was scored from 0 (acceptable) to 3 (marked dysfunction). Percentage of agreement and weighted κ coefficients were used to explore the reliability between and within testers.

Results:
The intertester reliability of the functional movement tests showed weak to strong agreement (weighted κ values from 0.44 to 0.88); the percentage agreement ranged from 52.78% to 93.02%. The intratester reliability of the functional movement tests showed weak to strong agreement (weighted κ values from 0.57 to 0.88); the percentage agreement ranged from 69.77% to 93.02%.

Conclusions:
Visual assessment of functional movement tests showed weak to strong intertester and intratester reliability to examine movement quality in community-dwelling older adults with knee OA. Thus, while it may be useful in a clinical setting to assess movement dysfunction segmentally and generally in older adults with knee OA; greater efforts would be needed to ensure high levels of agreement of functional movement tests.
A Randomized Controlled Study Assessing the Effects of a Shoe Lift Under the Nonparetic Leg on Balance Performance in Individuals With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Sheikh Mania , Hosseini Hossein Asghar 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Improvement of balance and postural stability is an important goal in stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a shoe lift under the nonparetic leg on balance function and balance confidence in persons with chronic stroke.

Methods:
Thirty-six individuals with chronic stroke (21 males and 15 females), who were able to walk independently and showed stance asymmetry, were randomized to a shoe insert and a control group. The interventions included a 6-week balance training program, in conjunction with a shoe lift under the nonaffected leg (shoe insert group, n = 18), or balance training alone (control group, n = 18). The outcome measures were weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA), root mean square (RMS) of anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) center-of-pressure (COP) velocity asymmetry, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. These were measured in both groups at baseline, after the intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. A repeated-measure multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the impact of 2 different interventions on balance measures, across the 3 periods.

Results and Discussion:
No significant between-group differences were found for demographics and stroke-related characteristics of participants (P > .05). The outcome measures between the 2 groups were not significantly different at baseline (P > .05). There were between-group differences for WBA and the RMS of AP COP velocity asymmetry after the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up (P < .05). No significant difference in the RMS of ML COP velocity asymmetry, BBS, and ABC was identified between the 2 groups after the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up (P > .05).

Conclusion:
The results indicated that the use of a shoe lift under the nonaffected leg in the context of a balance training program could result in a greater improvement in static standing balance as compared with balance training alone in an individual with chronic stroke.

Trial Registration:
The study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190603043808N1).
The Beast with Two Backs
Authors: Wade Erik 
Published: July 2020

Today, the comparison of male homosexuality to bestiality is unfortunately too well-known from homophobic polemics. Yet this comparison has a history in the Anglophone world, and it emerged in the early European Middle Ages seemingly not in order to dehumanize men who had sex with men but in order to make bestiality appear serious by comparing it to male-male sexual acts. The eighth-century Paenitentiale Theodori—which collects the judgments of the Byzantine-born Archbishop Theodore—is the earliest extant English text to connect male-male sexual acts with bestiality. This comparison does not occur in the previous penitentials, but, after its appearance in the Paenitentiale, this comparison traveled throughout Western Europe. No scholarship to date examines the global origins of such a comparison.
This paper argues that later medieval views of bestiality as perverse and as a serious sexual offense emerged from bestiality’s early comparison to same-sex acts (rather than vice-versa). Prior to the Paenitentiale Theodori, European theologians described bestiality as a minor sin akin to masturbation. Theodore borrowed the comparison of bestiality and male-male sex acts from a Latin mistranslation of the 314 Greek Council of Ancyra and from the Byzantine theologian St. Basil the Great. Since the early penitentials accorded male-male sexual acts some of the most serious penances, the comparison of bestiality to these acts elevated bestiality for the first time in Western Europe to the status of a serious and unnatural sin. Through connection to effeminizing male-male sexual acts, bestiality gained a reputation as a serious, boundary-violating sin in its own right.
Correlation of Sport Activities with Dismore Priminore to College Students of Sport Science Faculty Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Eldawaty Eldawaty , Sepriadi Sepriadi 
Published: July 2020

Regular exercise and physical activity have been introduced as effective methods for preventing and treating dysmenorrhea. Exercise can increase the endorphin hormone which causes an increase in the recovery system and reduces the sympathetic system, resulting in a decrease in the effects of demeanor. The purpose of this study was to prove that there was correlation between sports and dysmenorrhea among students at the Faculty of Sport Science Universitas Negeri Padang. This research was an observational study. There were 38 female students of Universitas Negeri Padang who met the inclusion criteria during September to October 2019 filled out the questionnaire. The type of exercise data, frequency, duration and incidences of dysmenorrhea were obtained through interviews with questionnaires created specifically for this study. The Data was described in tabular form, Chi-square test and correlation data was analyzed using computer programs. The results showed that 27 samples, (10.26%) out of 38 study samples, did not have dysmenorrhea. In this study, p value> 0.05 or disapproved on the frequency, duration, and type of sports variables for dysmenorrhea at Universitas Negeri Padang. From this data, it can be concluded that there were no correlation beetween dysmenorrhea and sport among sport science students Universitas Negeri Padang.
The 15th anniversary of the SIEC test under the EU Merger Regulation – where do we stand? (Part 2)
Authors: Kuhn Tilman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
On May 1, 2019, the significant impediment to effective competition (“SIEC”) test pursuant to Article 2(2) and (3) of the EU Merger Regulation (Regulation No. 139/2004; “EUMR”), celebrated its 15th anniversary. The Commission has taken more than 5,000 decisions in merger cases under this new standard in the last decade and a half. Therefore, it seems opportune to pause and take stock. Has the introduction of the SIEC test achieved the desired results? Has it been applied according to the legislator’s plans? Does its application need to change going forward?
After a short recap of the test’s history and genesis (I.) and a reminder of the burden and standard of proof (II.), this article reviews the Commission’s decisional practice (and the limited practice of the EU Courts) systematically, and intends to summarize the various theories of harm covered by the SIEC test’s application in practice (III.). Second, it analyzes the decisional practice and draws conclusions as to whether the test’s application in practice is predictable, persuasive, and in line with the legislator’s intent (IV.). Third and last, after some practical and procedural observations (V.), it concludes with a few proposals for improvement (VI.).
Given the scope of the ground covered, this article is split into two separate parts over two separate volumes of this journal, with Part 1 in the journal’s previous volume having covered sections I. and II., as well as part III. with respect to horizontal mergers and a brief summary in this respect.
This Part 2 of the article continues in this volume in section III. with non-horizontal mergers, and finishes with sections IV. through VI.
Die Relevanz eines Geschlechteraspekts für das Kartellrecht
Authors: Legner Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Auf den ersten Blick erscheint das Geschlecht für die Anwendung des Kartellrechts nicht von Bedeutung. Jedoch unterscheiden Unternehmen zuweilen zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Verbrauchern bei der Differenzierung ihrer Produkte. Um wettbewerbliche Strukturen zutreffend zu ermitteln, kann es daher notwendig sein, weibliche und männliche Produktversionen auseinanderzuhalten. Zahlreiche Studien haben darüber hinaus offenbart, dass Anbieter für weibliche Produktversionen und für an Frauen adressierte Dienstleistungen häufig höhere Preise als für gleiche oder gleichartige Angebote an männliche Verbraucher verlangen (sog. „pink tax“). Hierbei fragt sich, ob und inwieweit dies einen Schaden für die von dem europäischen und deutschen Kartellrecht geschützte Verbraucherwohlfahrt darstellt. Neben der Relevanz eines Geschlechteraspekts für die Schutzziele des Kartellrechts will der Beitrag aufzeigen, inwiefern vice versa funktionsfähiger Wettbewerb positive Auswirkungen auf das politische Ziel der Geschlechtergleichbehandlung haben kann.
Weight as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Ayalon Itay , Woo Jessica G. , Basu Rajit K. , Kaddourah Ahmad , Goldstein Stuart L. , Kaplan Jennifer M. ,   on behalf of the AWARE Investigators
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:To explore the hypothesis that obesity is associated with increased mortality and worse outcomes in children who are critically ill.METHODS:Secondary analysis of the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina, and Epidemiology study, a prospective, multinational observational study. Patients between 3 months and 25 years across Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America were recruited for 3 consecutive months. Patients were divided into 4 groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) on the basis of their BMI percentile for age and sex.RESULTS:A total of 3719 patients were evaluated, of whom 542 (14%) had a primary diagnosis of sepsis. One thousand fifty-nine patients (29%) were underweight, 1649 (44%) were normal weight, 423 (11%) were overweight, and 588 (16%) were obese. The 28-day mortality rate was 3.6% for the overall cohort and 9.1% for the sepsis subcohort and differed significantly by weight status (5.8%, 3.1%, 2.2%, and 1.8% for subjects with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, in the overall cohort [P &lt; .001] and 15.4%, 6.6%, 3.6%, and 4.7% in the sepsis subcohort, respectively [P = .003]). In a fully adjusted model, 28-day mortality risk was 1.8-fold higher in the underweight group versus the normal weight group in the overall cohort and 2.9-fold higher in the sepsis subcohort. Patients who were overweight and obese did not demonstrate increased risk in their respective cohorts. Patients who were underweight had a longer ICU length of stay, increased need for mechanical ventilation support, and a higher frequency of fluid overload.CONCLUSIONS:Patients who are underweight make up a significant proportion of all patients in the PICU, have a higher short-term mortality rate, and have a more complicated ICU course.
Movimientos asociativos en la masonería española en Filipinas
Authors: Cuartero Escobes Susana 
Published: July 2020

A partir de 1880 España no fue capaz de manejar el Pacífico español debido a su caduco sistema administrativo. La brecha entre peninsulares y nativos se fue agrandando y entre ellos se situó una emergente élite de filipinos educados en centros españoles, con una cuidada ilustración, que comenzó a tener ideas propias. La estancia de varios de ellos en la Península les brindó la oportunidad de agruparse en asociaciones e instituciones como la masonería y alrededor de destacados personajes como José Rizal o Miguel Morayta, con el único fin de dar a conocer la problemática filipina y conseguir reformas modernizadoras.
Visceral adiposity index in patients with coronary artery disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khorlampenko A. A. , Karetnikova V. N. , Kochergina A. M. , Ignatova Yu. S. , Belik E. V. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Brel N. K. , Kokov A. N. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To assess visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and overweight or obesity, as well as to determine its relationship with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and inflammatory markers, depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD).Material and methods. The study included 95 patients with CAD and overweight (body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), of which 59 patients had type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 36 were without CMD. All patients were assessed for obesity; VAI was calculated. Following laboratory parameters were evaluated: glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, lipid panel. In patients without history of CMD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed.Results. Compared with patients without CMD, subjects with T2D had significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, as well as the body fat percentage, area and volume of visceral adipose tissue estimated by computed tomography. Analysis of lipid profile, C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels did not reveal significant differences between the groups. VAI also did not significantly differ in both groups. VAI had the most correlations with clinical and metabolic parameters in both patients with T2D and without CMD. Other methods for assessing obesity were less correlated with laboratory parameters in both groups. Only VAI significantly correlated with adiponectin in both groups.Conclusion. The obtained correlations between VAI and clinical and metabolic parameters confirm the practicability of using it to determine adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with/without CMD. The effect of increased VAI on the cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients requires further study.
Cytokine status in patients with myocardial infarction as a possible predictor of coronary atherosclerosis severity
Authors: Khlynova O. V. , Shishkina E. A. , Abgaryan N. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study the association of cytokine status with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Material and methods. Between 11.2018 and 07.2019, 92 patients hospitalized with MI in Perm Clinical Cardiology Dispensary were included in the study. The control group consisted of 23 patients with stable coronary artery disease. In addition to the standard examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of interleukins (IL)-6, -10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein.Results. Significant increase in plasma IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein levels in MI patients compared with the control group. The increase in the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, as well as the IL-6/IL-10 ratio occurs in proportion to coronary atherosclerosis severity. A direct correlation of Gensini score with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio was established.Conclusion. Further study of cytokine profile parameters in MI patients will help a clearer understanding pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis. An increase in concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio is associated with an increase in coronary atherosclerosis severity and can be used in practice for its prediction.
The relationship of obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Part 1
Authors: Agaltsov М. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2020

The results of prospective studies, meta-analyzes and systematic reviews on the associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analyzed. Currently, the mechanisms related to high prevalence of breathing-related sleep disorders among population of economically developed countries are clear, and an increase in the number of OSA patients has been shown. The relationship between OSA and CVD has been widely confirmed in large cohort studies. The first review part discusses the relationship of hypertension (HTN) and various heart arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation (AF), bradyarrhythmias, premature ventricular contraction, sudden death during sleep) with breathing-related sleep disorders. These groups of cardiovascular disorders currently show the most proven relationship with sleep apnea. In addition to cross-sectional studies indicating the high prevalence of OSA in patients with HTN and AF, some observational studies indicate an increase in the number of patients with HTN and paroxysmal AF with history of untreated sleep apnea. An analysis of the current issues of OSA phenotypes (in particular, REM-related OSA in hypertensive patients) as the most unfavorable cardiovascular factors is carried out.
Prediction of small-diameter arterial fibrosis in patients with hypertension and primary chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Levitskaya E. S. , Batyushin M. M. , Bondarenko O. K. , Kekukh E. S. , Bondarenko D. B. , Israelyan E. R. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study clinical, laboratory, and morphological risk factors for small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with hypertension (HTN) and primary chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN).Material and methods. The study included 102 patients with primary CGN. The first group consisted of 62 patients with small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis according to renal biopsy; the second group included 40 patients without vascular fibrosis. All patients signed informed consent.Results. A comparative analysis revealed the most significant differences between groups 1 and 2: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) — 131,85±17,56 mm Hg and 119,65±22,2 mm Hg, respectively (p=0,0008); mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) — 84,11±10,7 and 79,63±9,7 mm Hg (p=0,03), respectively; peak SBP — 158,61±23,76 mm Hg and 144,25±23,56 mm Hg (p=0,002), respectively; peak DBP — 95,66±10,33 mm Hg and 90,63±10,74 mm Hg (p=0,02), respectively; HTN stage — 1,85 [1; 3] and 1,38 [1; 3] (p=0,03), respectively; HTN grade — 1,73 [1; 3] and 1,13 [1; 3] (p=0,004), respectively; left ventricular hypertrophy — 15 patients and 2 patients (p=0,006), respectively; blood urea nitrogen — 8,98±7,31 and 6,42±4,02 mmol/L (p=0,03), respectively. Significant morphological differences between first and second groups were as follows: tubulointerstitial fibrosis — 56% and 21% (p<0,001), respectively; tubulointerstitial inflamemation — 44% and 16% (p=0,002), respectively; interstitial fibrosis — 24,9±20,5% and 9,89±19,8% (p=0,001), respectively.Conclusion. The presented analysis emphasizes a significant contribution of hemodynamics in small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with HTN and CGN. It manifested by a persistent increase of SBP and involvement of target organs. Systemic hemodynamic changes are fundamental in the development of small-diameter renal arterial fibrosis in patients with HTN and primary CGN, while the isolated progression of CGN does not significantly affect the structure of small-diameter renal arteries.
Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up
Authors: Vilkov V. G. , Shalnova S. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Muromtseva G. A. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.