bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: the role of social inequalities and disease-related factors
Authors: Nigusso Fikadu Tadesse , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct measure of individuals’ health, life expectancy and the impact that the utilization of health care has on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the HRQoL of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and to ascertain its association with the social inequalities and clinical determinants among people living with HIV in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and February 2017; 390 people at two referral hospitals and three health centers participated in the study. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Scale (PROMIS Global 10) was used to measure key HRQoL domains. Physical Health Summary (PHS) and Mental Health Summary (MHS) scores were employed. PHS and MHS scores below 50 (the standardized mean score) were determined to be poor and above 50 to be good. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PHS and MHS scores. Results: This study included 259 (66.4%) females and 131 (33.6%) males. The PHS scores ranged from 16.2 to 67.7 with a mean of 48.8 (SD = 8.9). Almost 44.6% of the study population has a PHS score of below 50; the MHS scores ranged from 28.4 to 67.6 with a mean of 50.8 (SD = 8.1). About 41.8% of the study population has an MHS score of below 50. Unemployment, household food insecurity and comorbidities with HIV were associated with both poor PHS and poor MHS scores. Age below 25 years and being a member of Christian fellowship were inversely associated with poor PHS. The least wealth index score and CD4 count below 350 cells/mL were also associated with poor MHS. Conclusion: Overall, socioeconomic inequalities and HIV-related clinical factors play an important role in improving the HRQoL of PLWHA. Many of these determinants are alterable risk factors. Appropriate strategies can improve the holistic management of chronic HIV care and maximize PLWHAs’ HRQoL. Such strategies require the adoption of comprehensive interventions, including policies and programmes that would improve the health, wellbeing and livelihood of PLWHA.
Associations of participation in organized sports and physical activity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Chu , Sellberg Fanny , Ahlqvist Viktor H. , Neovius Martin , Christiansen Filip , Berglind Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Participation in organized sports is associated with higher physical activity (PA) levels in school-aged-children. Yet, little is known about PA determinants in preschool-aged-children. We examined associations between organized sports participation and preschoolers’ daily PA. Methods The study comprised 290 3-5 years old children and PA was measured for 1 week via accelerometers. Organized sports participation was parent-reported and preschool arrival and departure time was teacher-recorded. The preschool duration reported by teachers was matched with time-stamped accelerometer data to distinguish PA during preschool time and PA outside preschool time. Linear mixed models, nested on preschool level, were used to examine associations between organized sports participation and children’s PA outside preschool time, during preschool time and throughout the day. Results In total, 146 children (50.3%) participated in organized sports at least 1 hour/week. Participation in organized sports was associated with 6.0 more minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (95% CI: 0.6, 11.3) throughout the day and 5.7 more minutes of MVPA (95% CI: 1.6, 9.7) outside preschool time after adjustment. There was no association between organized sports participation and PA during preschool time. Conclusions This is the first study to show positive associations between organized sports participation and preschoolers’ PA levels outside preschool time and throughout the day. In addition, findings from this study do not support PA compensation. Therefore, targeting organized sports may be successful in improving PA, even among preschoolers.
Deep Sequencing Reveals New Roles for MuB in Transposition Immunity and Target-capture, and Redefines the Insular Ter Region of E. coli
Authors: Walker David M , Harshey Rasika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The target capture protein MuB is responsible for the high efficiency of phage Mu transposition within the E. coli genome. However, some targets are off-limits, such as regions immediately outside the Mu ends (cis-immunity) as well as the entire ~37 kb genome of Mu (Mu genome immunity). Paradoxically, MuB is responsible for cis-immunity and is also implicated in Mu genome immunity, but via different mechanisms. This study was undertaken to dissect the role of MuB in target choice in vivo.Results We tracked Mu transposition from six different starting locations on the E. coli genome, in the presence and absence of MuB. The data reveal that Mu’s ability to sample the entire genome during a single hop in a clonal population is independent of MuB, and that MuB is responsible for cis-immunity, plays a minor role in Mu genome immunity, and facilitates insertions into transcriptionally active regions. Unexpectedly, transposition patterns in the absence of MuB have helped extend the boundaries of the insular Ter segment of the E. coli genome.Conclusions The results in this study demonstrate unambiguously the operation of two distinct mechanisms of Mu target immunity, only one of which is wholly dependent on MuB. The study also reveals several interesting and hitherto unknown aspects of Mu target choice in vivo, particularly the role of MuB in facilitating the capture of promoter and translation start site targets, likely by displacing macromolecular complexes engaged in gene expression. So also, MuB facilitates transposition into the restricted Ter region of the genome.
Abnormal higher order aberrations in anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Zhang Lingyi , Liao Meng , Zhang Wenqiu , Liu Longqian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The study compared ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between monocular anisometropic amblyopia children and similar anisometropia children with normal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The amblyopia eyes could not reach the standard BCVA level of their age even after several months' regular treatment of amblyopia. We tried to find if these intractable amblyopia eyes have abnormal HOAs.
Methods

Fifty school-aged children (5–9 years) with hyperopic anisometropia were recruited at West China hospital clinic. Each subject shall be reexamined once every three months, four consecutive reexaminations for 12 months, of which only 25 subjects with normal BCVA after wearing glasses shall be included in the control group. The rest 25 subjects were treated by glasses and six months’ patching. Their interocular difference of visual acuity was still more than or equal to LogMAR 0.2, and the eyes with poor visual acuity did not reach the normal level in the twelfth month. These subjects were included in the amblyopia group. The BCVA, HOAs (5 mm pupil diameter), and axial length were recorded for all subjects.
Results

There were significant differences of higher order aberrations in C (3, -3) between the amblyopia eyes and the other three groups of eyes with normal BCVA (all p < 0.05). There were significant differences of higher-order aberrations in third-order root-mean-square aberrations(RMS) between the amblyopia eyes and the low-diopter eyes from two subject groups(both p < 0.05). Compared to high-diopter eyes in the control group, there were a significantly higher C(3,-3) in all amblyopia eyes and a significantly higher third-order RMS (p = 0.040) in the moderate-to-severe amblyopia group. In the Pearson correlation test, the C(3,-3) and third order RMS demonstrated statistically significant correlations with BCVA ( (r=-0.19, p = 0.04; r = 0.37, p < 0.01).
Conclusions

The anisometropic amblyopia eyes had different HOAs from the eyes with normal visual acuity. The third-order aberrations were the primary abnormal higher-order aberration in amblyopia eyes.
Development of Molecular Rapid Detection for Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli
Authors: Waturangi Diana Elizabeth , PETRUS JASON , KOSASIH RICO , RAISSA GLORIA 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli were main causative agent foodborne diseases, especially in many developing countries, such as Indonesia. Thereby, rapid detection of these pathogenic bacteria is necessary to quickly detect infection that occurred so it can be treated immediately. In this case, multiplex PCR allows multiple genes amplification in one reaction thereby enable to perform rapid detection of these pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study is to develop rapid molecular detection of V. Cholerae and E. coli and analyze the sensitivity and specificity of this assay.Result: In this study, we used various virulence genes in each pathogenic bacteria as marker to develop rapid molecular detection. Based on this research, optimum results of V. cholerae and E. coli rapid detection were obtained with a primer concentration of 16 µM for ctxA and ompU, 30 µM for ace, and 50 µM for zot, and toxR; 2 µM for elt and 5 µM for stx, respectively. Finally, based on the method standardization by ISO/TS 20836 these assays had 0% false positive, 0% false negative, 100% specificity, and 100% sensitivity; 0% false positive, 4% false negative, 100% specificity, and 96% sensitivity for V. cholerae and E. coli respectively. Conclusion: The optimized method was qualified to be used as a detection method for V. cholerae and E. coli detection according to ISO/TS 20836 (2017) and EHEC and ETEC contamination in drinking water samples.
Metformin inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation by modulating PI3K/Akt-induced major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A gene expression
Authors: Xia Chenglai , Liu Chang , He Zhihong , Cai Yantao , Chen Jinman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that the classic hypoglycemic drug metformin inhibits tumor growth; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously showed that metformin disrupts the sponge effect of long non-coding RNA MALAT1/miR-142-3p to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we interrogated the ability of metformin to modulate the anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer. Methods:The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the viability of cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry assays were performed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay was used to detect NK Cell Cytotoxicity. Relative protein levels were determined by immunoblotting and relative gene levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor Xenograft Modeling was used to evaluate the effect of metformin in vivo.Results: Metformin inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, cervical cancer xenograft growth, expression of PCNA, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Moreover metformin induced cervical cancer cell apoptosis and caused cancer cell cycle arrest. In addition, metformin upregulated the expression of DDR-1 and p53 in human cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, metformin also regulated the mRNA and protein expression of MICA and HSP70 on the surface of human cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that metformin may be used as immunopotentiator to inhibit cervical cancer progression and may be considered a viable candidate for combination therapy with immunotherapy.
Job preferences for medical and nursing students to work in rural Guizhou Province, China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Bao Meiling , Huang Cunrui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Maldistribution of health workers between urban and rural areas has been a critical difficulty in China. The shortage of health workers in disadvantaged areas reduces access to essential health services delivery, and adversely affects the population health. Policies on attracting health workers to locate in rural areas are needed to be explored. In order to identify the appropriate incentives, we conducted a discrete choice experiment to determine how specific job attributes might be valued by final year students in medical university in Guizhou Province, China. Methods Attributes of potential job were developed through literature review, in-depth semi-structured interviews and pretest. Salary, education opportunity, transportation, job location, workload, essential equipment, medical order, and identification ('bianzhi') were included. The questionnaire was formulated through a fractional factorial experiment design using %MktRuns macros of SAS 9.4. All medical and nursing students in the final year at Guizhou Medical University were invited to participate in the study. Mixed logit model was used to estimate stated preferences of attributes. Willingness to pay and uptake rates for a defined job were also calculated based on the mixed logit estimates. Results The final sample comprised 787 respondents, including 388 medical students and 399 nursing students. Attributes were statistically significant (with the exception of once every two years for education opportunity) and had expected signs. The results indicate that physical conflict between doctors and patients and identification ('bianzhi') were two of the most important non-monetary job characteristics for both medical and nursing students. And nursing students placed more value on identification ('bianzhi'). Policy simulation suggests that as for the individual incentive respondents were most sensitive to salary increasing. Incentive packages effects were stronger for students from rural background. Conclusions Strategies on medical order, identification ('bianzhi') and salary should be considered to attract final year medical and nursing students to work in rural areas. In addition, specific recruitment policy design tailored for subgroups should be taken into account.
Analyzing the Impact of a State Concussion Law using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Intervention Analysis
Authors: Huang Lihong , Sullivan Lindsay , Yang Jingzhen (Ginger) 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Existing studies analyzing the impact of state concussion laws have found an increase in concussion-related healthcare utilization post-law, in some instances, such increases were observed during the pre-law period due to a potential “spillover” effect. However, few studies have accounted for such an effect when assessing the impact of concussion laws. This study aimed to assess the effects of Ohio’s concussion law on monthly rates of concussion-related medical encounters in Medicaid insured children, using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analysis. Methods: We analyzed claim data obtained from the Partners For Kids database, a pediatric accountable care organization in Ohio. Concussion-related medical encounters for Medicaid-insured children (ages 0-18 years) treated between April 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016 were selected and analyzed. The pre- and post-law trends in concussion-related medical encounters were assessed using an ARIMA intervention model. Results: A total of 16,943 concussion-related medical encounters sustained by 15,545 unique patients were identified. Three upward breaks in the monthly rates of concussion-related medical encounters were observed during the study period, with two breaks observed during the pre-law period. A seasonal trend was observed with the highest rates in September and October of each year. Conclusions: Using an ARIMA intervention model, we identified three upward breaks in the monthly rate of concussion-related medical encounters between 2009 and 2016 and an associated seasonal trend. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of state concussion laws on concussion-related medical encounters in children with other types of medical insurance.
Genome-wide Characterization, Evolution and Expression Profiling of Udp-glycosyltransferase Family in Pomelo (Citrus Grandis) Fruit
Authors: Wu Boping , Liu Xiaohong , xu kai , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pomelo is one of the three major species of citrus. The fruit accumulates a variety of abundant secondary metabolites that affect the flavor. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in the glycosylation of secondary metabolites.Results: In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of pomelo UGT family, a total of 145 UGTs was identified based on the conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif. These UGT genes were clustered into 16 major groups through phylogenetic analysis of these genes with other plant UGTs (A-P). Pomelo UGTs were distributed unevenly among the chromosomes. At least 10 intron insertion events were observed in these UGT genome sequences, and I-5 was identified to be the highest conserved one. The expression profile analysis of pomelo UGT genes in different fruit tissues during development and ripening was carried out by RNA-seq.Conclusions: We identified 145 UGTs in pomelo fruit through transcriptome data and citrus genome database. Our research provides available information on UGTs studies in pomelo, and provides an important research foundation for screening and identification of functional UGT genes.
Risk Perception and Behavioral Responses Related to COVID-19 Among the Iranian General Population: An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Bakhtari Fatemeh , Sohrabi Zahara , Reihani Parvin , Samei Sirous , Ponnet Koen , Montazeri Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global public health challenge. Psychosocial and cultural factors affect adherence to health advice. This study aims to investigate how people have perceived the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of EPPM (i.e., recommended response efficacy, self-efficacy, susceptibility, and severity) and how their behavioral responses contributed to the prevention and control of the disease.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online in Iran in March and April. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire via Porsline. Participants were recruited using online applications and posts on platforms such as Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram asking people to take part. The posts asked people aged 15 years and over to take part in a study investigating the control and prevention of COVID-19. EPPM was used to develop a questionnaire measuring the risk perception of and behavioral responses to COVID-19. We used a 29-item, standardized, structured format. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare groups. In all tests, a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 3,727 individuals with a mean age (SD) of 37.0 (11.1) years participated in the study. The results by age category revealed significant progressive increases in perceived susceptibility, perceived self-efficacy, and avoidance response scores, particularly among those aged 60 and over. A total of 56.4% of participants were engaging in danger control processes and 43.6% in fear control processes. Women had significantly higher scores than men for self-efficacy, reactance, and avoidance defensive responses; men had higher perceived susceptibility scores for COVID-19 than women. We also found significantly higher scores for behavioral responses among people with advanced educational backgrounds. Conclusion: more than half of all participants motivated by danger control. This indicates that more than half of participants had high perceived efficacy (i.e., self-efficacy and response efficacy) scores. Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher among participants who were older, female, single, lived in rural areas, or had good economic status. The results of our study suggest that socioeconomic and demographic factors are the main determinants of psychological responses to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mortality is Not Increased with Diabetes in Hospitalized Very Elderly A multi-site Review.
Authors: Smerdely Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: As there is little data about hospital outcomes in people with diabetes aged beyond 75, this study aimed to explore the association of diabetes with hospital outcome of patients aged greater than 65 years.Design: A retrospective review was conducted of all presentation of patients age 65 years or more admitted to 3 Sydney teaching hospitals over a 6 year period (2012-2018) exploring primarily the outcomes of in hospital mortality and secondarily the outcomes of length of stay, the development of hospital acquired adverse events and unplanned re-admission to hospital within 28 days of discharge. Demographic and outcome data, the presence of diabetes and co-morbidities was determined from ICD10 coding within the hospital’s electronic medical record. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to assess association of diabetes with outcome. Results: Of the 139130 separations included, the mean age was 80 years (range 65 to 107 years); 51% were female, 49% had comorbidities. 26.1% had a diagnosis of diabetes. When compared to people without diabetes, diabetes was not associated with increased odds of mortality (OR: 0.89 SE(0.02), p<0.001). Further, because of a significant interaction with age, diabetes was associated with decreased odds of mortality beyond 80 years of age. While diabetics overall had longer lengths of stay (10.2 days SD (13.4) v 9.4 days SD (12.3), p<0.001), increasing age was associated with shorter lengths of stay in people aged more than 90 years. Diabetes was associated with increased odds of hospital acquired adverse events (OR: 1.09 SE (0.02), p<0.001) and but not 28 day readmission (OR: 0.88 SE(0.18), p=0.523).Conclusion: Diabetes has not been shown to have a negative impact on mortality or length of stay in the hospitalized very elderly from data derived from hospital administrative records.