bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On (not) Watching The Lady in Number 6: Digital Holocaust Film, Copyright Infringement and the Obligation to Remember
Authors: Bayer Gerd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the tension between the legal framework of copyright and the moral obligation, as framed in Holocaust studies, to remember the atrocities of the Nazi murder of European Jewry. Starting with the case study of a recent award-winning film, The Lady in Number 6, the essay takes the movie’s difficult availability as an occasion to reflect upon the need to access and distribute this film, even if this creates conflicts with copyright laws, situating this discussion in the larger discussion about law and literature.
Fiscal austerity in emerging market economies
Authors: Dave Chetan , Ghate Chetan , Gopalakrishnan Pawan , Tarafdar Suchismita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe build a small open economy RBC model with financial frictions to analyse spending and tax based fiscal consolidations in emerging market economies (EMEs). We show that if government spending is a substitute to private consumption in household utility, a spending based fiscal consolidation has an expansionary effect on output. In contrast, tax based consolidations are always contractionary irrespective of the strength of substitutability between government and private consumption. Our findings support the results in the World Economic Outlook (2010), USA: International Monetary Fund, that tax based consolidation measures are more costly (in terms of GDP losses) than spending based consolidations. We calibrate the model to India and calculate the fiscal multipliers associated with spending and tax based fiscal consolidations. Our paper identifies new mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of fiscal reforms and their implications for successful fiscal consolidations.
Justifying the Right of Return
Authors: Miller David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in mind, this Article asks whether there is a human right to return to one’s country, and if so what justifies it. Although such a right is widely recognized in international law, who can claim it and on what basis remains ambiguous; the ambiguity is revealed by asking what “country” means in “return to one’s country.” I argue that to treat the right simply as an adjunct of citizenship is too narrow an approach, even though the right has a role to play in managing inter-state relations. As with other human rights, personal autonomy might be proposed as a justification for the right of return. But although the autonomy interest in developing long-term life-plans may explain the right not to be forcibly displaced from the place where you live, it cannot explain why there is a right to return once displaced, particularly in the case of people who enjoy an adequate set of options elsewhere. Instead we need to invoke the need to belong to a homeland, access to which the right of return protects. The Article explores a homeland’s different dimensions and considers various respects in which the need to belong might be thought too indeterminate to ground a right. Finally it distinguishes and evaluates the return claims of Jews and Palestinians to Israel/ Palestine; only Palestinians whose homeland this remains can claim a human right of return as analyzed and defended here.
A Reference Genome Sequence for Giant Sequoia
Authors: Scott Alison D , Zimin Aleksey V , Puiu Daniela , Workman Rachael , Britton Monica , Zaman Sumaira , Caballero Madison , Read Andrew C , Bogdanove Adam J , Burns Emily , Wegrzyn Jill , Timp Winston , Salzberg Steven L , Neale David B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) of California are massive, long-lived trees that grow along the U.S. Sierra Nevada mountains. Genomic data are limited in giant sequoia and producing a reference genome sequence has been an important goal to allow marker development for restoration and management. Using deep-coverage Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, combined with Dovetail chromosome conformation capture libraries, the genome was assembled into eleven chromosome-scale scaffolds containing 8.125 Gbp of sequence. Iso-Seq transcripts, assembled from three distinct tissues, was used as evidence to annotate a total of 41,632 protein-coding genes. The genome was found to contain, distributed unevenly across all 11 chromosomes and in 63 orthogroups, over 900 complete or partial predicted NLR genes, of which 375 are supported by annotation derived from protein evidence and gene modeling. This giant sequoia reference genome sequence represents the first genome sequenced in the Cupressaceae family, and lays a foundation for using genomic tools to aid in giant sequoia conservation and management.
Combining Auxin-Induced Degradation and RNAi Screening Identifies Novel Genes Involved in Lipid Bilayer Stress Sensing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Venz Richard , Korosteleva Anastasiia , Jongsma Elisabeth , Ewald Collin Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Alteration of the lipid composition of biological membranes interferes with their function and can cause tissue damage by triggering apoptosis. Upon lipid bilayer stress, the endoplasmic reticulum mounts a stress response similar to the unfolded protein response. However, only a few genes are known to regulate lipid bilayer stress. We performed a suppressor screen that combined the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system with conventional RNAi in C. elegans to identify members of the lipid bilayer stress response. AID-mediated degradation of the mediator MDT-15, a protein required for the upregulation of fatty acid desaturases, induced the activation of lipid bilayer stress-sensitive reporters. We screened through most C. elegans kinases and transcription factors by feeding RNAi. We discovered nine genes that suppressed the lipid bilayer stress response in C. elegans. These suppressor genes included drl-1/MAP3K3, gsk-3/GSK3, let-607/CREB3, ire-1/IRE1, and skn-1/NRF1,2,3. Our candidate suppressor genes suggest a network of transcription factors and the integration of multiple tissues for a centralized lipotoxicity response in the intestine. Thus, we demonstrated proof-of-concept for combining AID and RNAi as a new screening strategy and identified eight conserved genes that had not previously been implicated in the lipid bilayer stress response.
The use of baropodometric analysis in musculoskeletal disorders of dentists working in orthostatic posture – a series of 3 cases
Authors: Cosoroabă Mioara Raluca , Cirin Liviu , Farkas Andrei Zoltan , Argeșanu Veronica , Talpos-Niculescu Ioana Cristina , Anghel Mirella Dorina , Romînu Mihai , Negrutiu Meda-Lavinia 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by incorrect working posture among dentists is a serious issue and one that leads to decreased productivity and quality of life.
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MSDs caused by postural errors in dental healthcare professionals on the body’s center of gravity through a new and innovative technique – baropodometry.
Methods. In this study we included 3 oral healthcare specialists with over 20 years experience of practicing in orthostatism, with confirmed work-related MSDs, and performed a baropodometric analysis on them.
Results. According to the analysis, all 3 test subjects had alterations of the body’s center of gravity, with uneven distribution of pressures on the feet being recorded by the baropodometer.
Conclusion. In an effort to maintain a good field of view and workplace in orthostatism, the subject is forced to adopt an non-ergonomic position that leads to uneven weight distribution, shifted center of gravity that eventually cause musculoskeletal disorders.
Hacking Colonialism
Authors: Cohen Matt 
Published: September 2020

Listen: Dread, panic, and horror are the great teasers, and tragic wisdom is our best chance in a dangerous world.—Gerald Vizenor, Postindian ConversationsUntil that day . . .Until all are one . . .Continue the struggle . . .—Optimus Prime, in The Transformers: The Movie“American people are being pushed into new social forms because of the complex nature of modern communications and transportation, and the competing forms are neotribalism and neofeudalism,” the Standing Rock Sioux thinker Vine Deloria, Jr., wrote in 1970 (14). That insight was inspired in part by the work of Marshall McLuhan, which also led Deloria to suggest something even more provocative:Indian people are just as subject to the deluge of information as are other people. In the last decade most reservations have come within the reach of televisions and computers. In many ways Indian people are just as directed by the electric nature of our universe as any other group. But the tribal viewpoint simply absorbs what is reported to it and immediately integrates it into the experience of the group. . . . The more that happens, the better the tribe seems to function and the stronger it appears to get. Of all the groups in the modern world Indians are best able to cope with the modern situation.
The Shadow and the Substance of Lenin after 150 Years
Authors: Mаршалл Aлекс 
Published: September 2020

Citation: Marshall A. (2020) The Shadow and the Substance of Lenin after 150 Years. Mir Rossii, vol. 29, no 4, pp. 134–149. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-134-149
150 years since Lenin’s birth marks an anniversary that raises questions around Lenin’s meaning today and his ultimate historical legacy. By distinguishing both Lenin the man, and the cult of commemoration that for 60 years surrounded him, from the core method behind Lenin’s own thought, this article addresses the question of if and why Lenin still matters in Europe today. It does so by arguing for an Ilyenkovian reading of Lenin’s main ideas and contributions. The current condition of European politics is, to a significant degree, still a by-product of the rejection of ‘Leninism’ after 1989, Leninism having evolved after 1924 into a sociological construct designed predominantly to facilitate the accelerated industrialization of backward societies. The rejection of Leninism as an alternate form of modernity led, via a consciously post-modern moment in central and eastern Europe, to the substitution of ‘memory politics’, fostering a more openly competitive political culture focused around race, identity, religious faith, and often radical ethnic nationalism. The dangers of such an outcome were foreshadowed in the concerns of the Soviet philosopher Evald Ilyenkov, who sought in the 1960s and 1970s to counterbalance the rise of neopositivist thinking in his era by revisiting the dialectics of the ideal first explored by Marx and Lenin. Whilst Ilyenkov saw mechanistic materialism as the greater latent danger in his own day, he also opposed the subjective idealism of ‘socialism with a human face’, and the idealist currents that arose in response to neopositivist rhetoric in Soviet social life. He found in Lenin an intellectual ally of his own belief that the true definition of the ideal emerges via the collaborative collective activity of society as a whole in a particular historical moment, rather than via embracing one or other of these two extremes. Through Ilyenkov, Lenin continues to speak to our own times.
Средний класс в фокусе экономического и социологического подходов: границы и внутренняя структура (на примере России)
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна 
Published: September 2020

Цитирование: Тихонова Н.Е. (2020) Средний класс в фокусе экономического и социологического подходов: границы и внутренняя структура (на примере России) // Мир России. Т. 29. № 4. С. 34–56. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-34-56
Основные подходы к изучению среднего класса – экономический и социологический – исходят из разных теоретических предпосылок и используются для решения различных исследовательских задач. Если экономический подход важен прежде всего для целей социальной политики, то социологический позволяет лучше понять сущность определенного социума и характер его социальной структуры, выявить основные противоречия в развитии последней. Каждый из них существует во множестве вариантов, однако выделенный в рамках экономического подхода средний класс – это всегда средние по их благосостоянию или текущим доходам слои, включающие нижний средний и собственно средний классы. В России понимаемый таким образом средний класс составляет около двух третей населения. Выделенный в рамках социологического подхода средний класс, напротив, объединяет индивидов, занимающих срединные позиции в основных иерархиях социальных статусов, различающихся престижностью различных позиций в них. Ключевыми из них являются иерархии власти, собственности, текущих экономических возможностей/образа жизни и определяемого ими престижа. Как всякая социальная группа, средний класс характеризуется наличием в нем ядра и периферии этого ядра, но может быть структурирован и по слоям (в рамках вертикальной модели стратификации). В статье показано, что срединные позиции сразу во всех основных статусных иерархиях сейчас занимает сравнительно небольшая (около 8%) часть массовых слоев российского общества. В силу консистентности их статусов можно говорить о них как о ядре среднего класса. Однако более типичной для современной России является ситуация, когда эти позиции в большей или меньшей степени не совпадают (неконсистентны). В этом случае важно понять, какие из групп с неконсистентными статусами могут быть отнесены к среднему классу и почему. Пример такого анализа, приведенный в статье, демонстрирует, что в России численность среднего класса составляет сейчас около 40% населения.
Kameradan Alınan Görüntünün CNC Tezgâhında Gerçek Zamanlı Olarak İşlenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sıtkı , KUNCAN Melih 
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılan bilgisayar
destekli sayısal kontrolöre (CNC (Computer Numerik Control)) koordinat desteği
ile görüntünün ölçekli olarak çizdirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bilgisayar ortamında
alınan görüntünün görsel olarak benzetiminden sonra elde edilen iskelet yörünge
koordinatları, CNC hareket yörünge komutlarına dönüştürülmekte ve CNC ünitesine
yüklenen hareket komutları makinede otomatik olarak işlenmektedir. Bu çalışma
sayesinde görüntü işlemenin kullanım alanları ile programlanabilir makinelerin
çalışma alanları birleştirilerek, yararlı bir çalışma oluşturulması
amaçlanmıştır.

Görüntünün kameradan alınarak, üzerinde belirli
işlemlerin uygulanılması sonucunda, kullanılacak gerekli bilgiler alınmıştır.
Bunun için sırasıyla alınan görüntüye belirli bir eşik değeri uygulanarak siyah
beyaz (binary) bir görüntü oluşturulmuş ve iskelet çıkarımları yapılarak
görüntünün koordinat değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, iskelet çıkarımı
için Matlab programında görüntünün iskeletini oluşturma (skeleton)
fonksiyonundan yararlanılmış, koordinat değerleri ise sınır çıkarma
fonksiyonları ile (bwboundaries) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen koordinat
değerlerini CNC’de hareket komutuna dönüştürebilmek için 'g kod' una
dönüştürmek gerekmektedir. Bu işlem basamağı Matlab programı kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. g kodu çıktı dosyası USB bellek yardımı ile CNC’ye aktarılarak
x-y düzleminde görüntüyü istenen şekilde talaş kaldırarak çizdirilmiştir

Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, kameradan alınan görüntünün
koordinatlarının hesaplanması sayesinde istenen şekilde CNC tezgah tarafından
işlemenin yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
Görüntü işleme aşamasında Matlab programı kullanılmış, işlenen görüntüyü
istenen şekilde talaş kaldırarak çizdirebilmek için Siemens’in Sinumerik CNC
tezgâhı kullanılmıştır. Prototip makinede gerçekleştirilen işleme çıktıları
üzerinde yapılan ölçüm testleri sonucunda işlemenin orijinal resme uygun hatasız
bir şekilde gerçekleştiği gözlenmiştir. Yapılan karşılaştırma ve
değerlendirmelerde teorik sonuçlarla pratik sonuçların büyük oranda örtüştüğü
sonucuna varılmıştır.
Is the Aftershock Zone Area a Good Proxy for the Mainshock Rupture Area?
Authors: Neo Jing Ci , Huang Yihe , Yao Dongdong , Wei Shengji 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe locations of aftershocks are often observed to be on the same fault plane as the mainshock and used as proxies for its rupture area. Recent developments in earthquake relocation techniques have led to great improvements in the accuracy of earthquake locations, offering an unprecedented opportunity to quantify both the aftershock distribution and the mainshock rupture area. In this study, we design a consistent approach to calculate the area enclosed by aftershocks of 12 Mw≥5.4 mainshocks in California, normalized by the mainshock rupture area derived from slip contours. We also investigate the Coulomb stress change from mainshock slip and compare it with the aftershock zone. We find that overall, the ratios of aftershock zone area to mainshock rupture area, hereinafter referred to as “aftershock ratio”, lie within a range of 0.5–5.4, with most values being larger than 1. Using different slip-inversion models for the same mainshock can have a large impact on the results, but the ratios estimated from both the relocated catalogs and Advanced National Seismic System catalog have similar patterns. The aftershock ratios based on relocated catalogs of southern California fall between 0.5 and 4.3, whereas they exhibit a wider range from 1 to 5.4 for northern California. Aftershock ratios for the early aftershock window (within one-day) show a similar range but of smaller values than using the entire aftershock duration, and we propose that continuing afterslip could contribute to the expanding aftershock zone area following several mainshocks. Our results show that areas with positive Coulomb stress change scale with aftershock zone areas, and spatial distribution of aftershocks represents stress release from mainshock rupture and continuing postseismic slip.
Strain-Estimated Ground Motions Associated with Recent Earthquakes in California
Authors: Farghal Noha , Baltay Annemarie , Langbein John 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTPeak ground velocity (PGV) is a commonly used parameter in earthquake ground-motion models (GMMs) and hazard analyses, because it is closely related to structural damage and felt ground shaking, and is typically measured on broadband seismometers. Here, we demonstrate that strainmeters, which directly measure in situ strain in the bulk rock, can easily be related to ground velocity by a factor of bulk shear-wave velocity and, thus, can be used to measure strain-estimated PGV. We demonstrate the parity of velocity to strain utilizing data from borehole strainmeters deployed along the plate boundaries of the west coast of the United States for nine recent M 4.4–7.1 earthquakes in California, including the largest two events of the July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. PGVs derived from maximum horizontal shear strains fall within the range of seismic-estimated values recorded at the same distances. We compare the strain-estimated data with GMMs based on seismic PGVs and find consistency in residual polarity (positive vs. negative; the sign of the difference between observed and modeled data) for certain earthquake–station paths, where some paths indicate an overestimation and others indicate an underestimation of strain-derived PGVs, as compared with the GMMs. We surmise that this may be indicative of over or underestimation of shear-wave velocity along those paths, as compared with the average velocity used to derive PGV from strain measurements, or indicative of repeatable site and path effects that are not accounted for in our analyses. This direct comparison of strain with velocity can highlight physical path effects, as well as improve the density and capability of ground-motion recordings.
Profile and pattern of infants with mothers having lactation failure
Authors: Bhatt Sonia , Dhingra Arti , Kashyap Rajesh 
Published: September 2020

Background: Breastfeeding mothers face various kinds of problems to breastfeeding. Literature on the frequency and outcome of perceived breast milk insufficiency in mothers of hospitalized neonates in India is patchy and scanty.Methods: Neonates weighing 1000 grams or more, and their mothers willing to breastfeed formed the study population. Relevant history was taken and clinical examination was performed along with anthropometry of the baby at the time of enrolment in the study. Mothers of neonates were also interviewed. Breast milk was also analyzed for sodium level by ion selective electrophoresis. Weight, head circumference and height were measured at each visit.Results: Of total 285 mothers, 188 mothers (65.9%) said that their milk formation was not sufficient and remaining 97 mothers said that their milk formation was sufficient to fulfil the needs of newborn. Breast milk sodium level was >16 mmol/L in 142 (75.5%) mothers in the crisis group as compared to 21 (21.6%) in the non crisis group. Babies in the crisis group weighed significantly less at admission as well as discharge. The proportion of sick babies, use of bottles/pacifiers and pre lacteal feeds was significantly higher in the crisis group. The velocity of growth of neonates after discharge in both the groups was comparable.Conclusions: Lactation failure was more common among those mothers who were involved in delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Structured counselling sessions with reinforcement on lactation support were proved to be useful to mitigate the situation.
The Investigation of the Association of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Biopsy Specimens of the Patients with Granulomatous Disease and Skin Cancer Using the Molecular Method
Authors: ÇULHA Gülnaz , Çiğdem DOĞRAMACI Asena , HAKVERDİ Sibel , Evrim SEÇİNTİ İlke , ASLANTAŞ Özkan , ÇELİK Ebru , KAYA Tuğba 
Published: September 2020

Background: Clinically, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be confused with granulomatous diseases and skin cancers, and it may lead to erroneous diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis based and histopathology can have some difficulties due to low number of parasites, especially in chronic CL cases. We aimed to emphasize the necessity of considering CL in the differential diagnosis for cases of granulomatous diseases and basal cell carcinoma, particularly in areas where CL is endemic.
Methods: One hundred and seven paraffin-embedded tissue biopsy specimens were selected from the archive, as of 2002, of Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal in Hatay, Turkey. After DNA isolation, performed with the samples were used for PCR analysis with specific 13A, 13B primers targeting kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA) found in all Leishmania species. Another PCR was performed with LITSR and L5.8S primers targeting ITS-1 internal-transcribed-spacer-1 (ITS-1) region to subtype positive samples. Then these samples were further analyzed for subtyping with PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme (BsuRI).
Results: Ten out of 107 tissue specimens were positive via kDNA-PCR. Lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, skin lymphoma and Leishmania cutis appeared in 9 out of 10 positive specimens. One of the cases presented with a mass on the cheek and was pre-diagnosed with hemangioma, but leishmaniasis did not appear. All of 10 specimens were diagnosed as granulomatous dermatitis. Two out of 10 samples, found positive with kDNA-PCR, were analyzed with ITS-1-PCR and identified as L. infantum/donovani after RFLP.
Conclusion: Molecular methods should be utilized in the differential diagnosis of CL to eliminate false diagnoses of granulomatous diseases and skin cancers.