bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelingt das Screening von Schwangeren auf HIV, Syphilis und Hepatitis B in Deutschland? Eine Analyse auf Basis von Routinedaten
Authors: Beermann Sandra , Jacob Josephine , Dudareva Sandra , Jansen Klaus , Marcus Ulrich , Zimmermann Ruth , Bremer Viviane 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Infektionen in der Schwangerschaft sind weltweit eine der führenden Ursachen für erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität bei Müttern und ihren Neugeborenen. In Deutschland gibt es seit mehr als 50 Jahren eine standardisierte Gesundheitsvorsorge in der Schwangerschaft. Die Mutterschafts-Richtlinien des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses bilden hierzu den gesetzlichen Rahmen und umfassen unter anderem das Screening von Schwangeren auf HIV, Syphilis und Hepatitis B.

Ziel der Arbeit
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll eruiert werden, wie hoch die Abdeckung des Screenings in der deutschen Bevölkerung ist.

Material und Methoden
Mithilfe von anonymisierten Routinedaten von gesetzlich Versicherten, die dem Institut für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung Berlin GmbH (InGef) aus den Jahren 2011 bis 2015 vorliegen, wurde mithilfe von verschiedenen Internationale statistische Klassifikationsziffern der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme(ICD-10)- und Einheitlicher Bewertungsmaßstab(EBM)-Ziffern eine Definition für Schwangerschaft entwickelt und eine erste Auswertung zur Inanspruchnahme von Testungen auf Infektionserreger in der Schwangerschaft vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse
Der hohe Anteil von Frauen, die im Rahmen der Schwangerschaft auf Syphilis (95,3 %) und Hepatitis B (91,6 %) getestet werden, spricht für eine sehr gute Erreichbarkeit und Inanspruchnahme von vorgeburtlichen Screeningangeboten. Bei HIV ist der Anteil an getesteten Frauen deutlich niedriger (84,9 %).

Diskussion
Ob Schwangere einen HIV-Test ablehnen, der Test anderweitig durchgeführt oder nicht durch das ärztliche Personal empfohlen wurde, lässt sich anhand der vorliegenden Datenlage nicht klären. Angesichts der hochwirksamen medizinischen Interventionsmöglichkeiten für Syphilis, HIV und Hepatitis B ist eine möglichst vollständige Testung von Schwangeren in Deutschland anzustreben. Die Gründe für fehlende Screeninguntersuchungen müssen weiter eruiert und Ansatzpunkte für eine Steigerung der Inanspruchnahme identifiziert werden.
Resuming elective hip and knee arthroplasty after the first phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations
Authors: Kort N. P. , Barrena E. Gómez , Bédard M. , Donell S. , Epinette J.-A. , Gomberg B. , Hirschmann M. T. , Indelli P. , Khosravi Ismail , Karachalios T. , Liebensteiner M. C. , Stuyts B. , Tandogan R. , Violante B. , Zagra L. , Thaler M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted health care systems all over the world. Elective surgical procedures have been postponed and/or cancelled. Consensus is, therefore, required related to the factors that need to be in place before elective surgery, including hip and knee replacement surgery, which is restarted. Entirely new pathways and protocols need to be worked out.

Methods
A panel of experts from the European Hip Society and European Knee Association have agreed to a consensus statement on how to reintroduce elective arthroplasty surgery safely. The recommendations are based on the best available evidence and have been validated in a separate survey.

Results
The guidelines are based on five themes: modification and/or reorganisation of hospital wards. Restrictions on orthopaedic wards and in operation suite(s). Additional disinfection of the environment. The role of ultra-clean operation theatres. Personal protective equipment enhancement.

Conclusion
Apart from the following national and local guidance, protocols need to be put in place in the patient pathway for primary arthroplasty to allow for a safe return.
Pregnancy and delivery after mid-urethral sling operation
Authors: Tulokas Sari A. , Rahkola-Soisalo Päivi , Gissler Mika , Mikkola Tomi S. , Mentula Maarit J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypotheses
There is no consensus regarding pregnancy after mid-urethral sling (MUS) operation, and some clinicians recommend postponing the MUS operation if a woman considers further pregnancies or routinely suggest cesarean section as the delivery method after MUS operations. Our primary aim was to assess the risk for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) re-procedure after delivery in women with a MUS operation prior to pregnancy. We also analyzed SUI re-visits and MUS-related complications during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods
We conducted a register-based case-control study of women with a MUS operation in Finland during 1996–2016. We identified 94 cases with a subsequent pregnancy and 330 controls without subsequent pregnancies matched by age, operation type and year.

Results
The median follow-up time was 10.7 years (IQR 7.1–13.7). The number of SUI re-procedures did not differ between the cases (n = 3, 3.2%) and controls (n = 17, 5.2%; OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.2–2.1). There was no significant difference in re-visits for stress or mixed urinary incontinence between the cases (n = 23, 24.5%) and controls (n = 86, 26.1%; OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5–1.6), but 35% of the re-visits in the case group occurred already before the delivery after MUS. The rate of vaginal delivery was lower after MUS operation (57%) than in deliveries before MUS (91%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Pregnancy after MUS did not increase the odds for SUI re-procedure or re-visit. Considering on our results, future pregnancy does not need to be viewed as an absolute contraindication for MUS operation.
Aminoethyl substitution enhances the self-assembly properties of an aminocellulose as a potential archaeological wood consolidant
Authors: Wakefield Jennifer M. K. , Hampe Robert , Gillis Richard B. , Sitterli Agnes , Adams Gary G. , Kutzke Hartmut , Heinze Thomas , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe 6-deoxy-6-aminocelluloses—or “aminocelluloses”—are a class of synthetic natural cellulose derivatives which are mostly aqueous soluble and have excellent film-forming properties. Recent studies have connected these properties at the molecular level with protein-like self-associative behaviour for a range of aminocelluloses including a 6-deoxy-6-(ω-aminoethyl) aminocellulose AEA-1 with the association being a two-stage process—a reversible oligomerisation followed by further (semi-reversible) aggregation into larger structures. Here, we synthesise and compare a new 6-deoxy-6-(ω-aminoethyl) aminocellulose AEA-1′ with different degree of substitution with one with further alkyl derivatisation, namely 6-deoxy-6-(ω-hydroxyethyl) aminocellulose HEA-1′. As with AEA-1, sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge still show a two-stage process for both AEA-1′ and HEA-1′, with the latter giving higher molar masses. The consequences of these properties for use as consolidants for archaeological wood are considered.
The hydrophobicity of an amino acid residue in a flexible loop of KP-43 protease alters activity toward a macromolecule substrate
Authors: Okuda Mitsuyoshi , Ozawa Tadahiro , Kawahara Akihito , Takimura Yasushi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
KP-43, a 43-kDa alkaline serine protease, is resistant to chemical oxidants and surfactants, making it suitable for use in laundry detergents. An amino acid residue at position 195, in a unique flexible loop that binds a Ca2+ ion, dramatically affects the proteolytic activity and thermal stability of KP-43. In the present study, we obtained 20 variants with substitutions at position 195 and investigated how these residues affect hydrolytic activity toward a macromolecular substrate (casein) and a synthetic tetra-peptide (AAPL). At pH 10, the variant with the highest caseinolytic activity, Tyr195Gln, exhibited 4.4-fold higher activity than the variant with the lowest caseinolytic activity, Tyr195Trp. A significant negative correlation was observed between the hydrophobicity of the residue at position 195 and caseinolytic activity at pH 8–10. At pH 7, the correlation became weak; at pH 6, the correlation reversed to positive. Unlike casein, in the case of hydrolysis of AAPL, no correlation was observed at pH 10 or pH 6. Because the amino acid residue at position 195 is located on the protein surface and considered sufficiently far from the active cleft, the variation in caseinolytic activity between the 20 variants was attributed to changes in interaction efficiency with different states of casein at different pH values. To improve the enzymatic activity, we propose substituting amino acid residues on the protein surface to change the efficiency of interaction with the macromolecular substrates.

Key points
• A single amino acid residue on the protein surface markedly changed enzyme activity.
• The hydrophobicity of the amino acid residue and enzyme activity had a correlation.
• The key amino acid residue for substrate recognition exists on the protein surface.
Sub-Arctic alpine Vaccinium vitis-idaea exhibits resistance to strong variation in snowmelt timing and frost exposure, suggesting high resilience under climatic change
Authors: Gehrmann Friederike , Lehtimäki Iida-Maria , Hänninen Heikki , Saarinen Timo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn tundra ecosystems, snow cover protects plants from low temperatures in winter and buffers temperature fluctuations in spring. Climate change may lead to reduced snowfall and earlier snowmelt, potentially exposing plants to more frequent and more severe frosts in the future. Frost can cause cell damage and, in combination with high solar irradiance, reduce the photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII). Little is known about the natural variation in frost exposure within individual habitats of tundra plant populations and the populations’ resilience to this climatic variation. Here, we assessed how natural differences in snowmelt timing affect microclimatic variability of frost exposure in habitats of the evergreen Vaccinium vitis-idaea in sub-Arctic alpine Finland and whether this variability affects the extent of cell damage and reduction in ΦPSII. Plants in early melting plots were exposed to more frequent and more severe frost events, and exhibited a more pronounced decrease in ΦPSII, during winter and spring compared to plants in late-melting plots. Snowmelt timing did not have a clear effect on the degree of cell damage as assessed by relative electrolyte leakage. Our results show that sub-Arctic alpine V. vitis-idaea is currently exposed to strong climatic variation on a small spatial scale, similar to that projected to be caused by climate change, without significant resultant damage. We conclude that V. vitis-idaea is effective in mitigating the effects of large variations in frost exposure caused by differences in snowmelt timing. This suggests that V. vitis-idaea will be resilient to the ongoing climate change.
Extreme biomineralization: the case of the hypermineralized ear bone of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus)
Authors: Wysokowski Marcin , Petrenko Iaroslav , Galli Roberta , Schimpf Christian , Rafaja David , Hubalkova Jana , Aneziris Christos G. , Dyshlovoy Sergey , von Amsberg Gunhild , Meissner Heike , Yakovlev Yuri M. , Tabachnick Konstantin R. , Stelling Allison L. , Ehrlich Hermann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSelected hypermineralized bones (rostrum and tympanic bullae) have yet to be characterized for diverse species of whales (Cetacea). Hypermineralization in these structures is an example of extreme biomineralization that, however, occurs at temperatures around 36 °C. In this study we present the results of analytical investigations of the specimen of tympanic bulla isolated from gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) for the first time. Examination of the internal surface of the bone mechanically crushed under a press revealed the presence of a lipid-containing phase, which did not disappear even after complete demineralization of the bone material. Additionally, analytical investigations including CARS, ATR-FTIR, Raman and XRD confirmed the presence of carbonated bioapatite and a collagen- lipid complex as the main components of this up to 2.34 kg/cm3 dense bone. Our experimental results open the way for further research on understanding of the principles of hypermineralization in highly specialized whale bones.
Preoperative diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of FEPs of ureters in children: a 13-year retrospective study based on data at a large pediatric medical center
Authors: He Meng , Li Ning , Zhang Weiping , Ren Zhentao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To describe our experience in handling cases of children with fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) of ureters. We specifically present preoperative diagnosis approaches, provide a clear definition of this entity and its outcomes following treatment.

Method
Clinical data of children with FEPs who were consecutively treated at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2006 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The clinical data reviewed included diagnostic, intraoperative, and follow-up data.

Results
Of the 2653 children with surgery for hydronephrosis reviewed, 48 (1.8%) cases of FEPs of the ureters were identified, with a mean age of 109 ± 34.7 months. Among them, males accounted for 95.8%, left side for 81.3%, and proximal ureteral polyps for 97.9%. Notably, 70.8% of patients had only 1 polyp and the median size of the polyps was 2.1 ± 1.8 cm. All patients underwent ultrasound before surgery, which revealed the existence of polyps in 29 (60.4%) children. These polyps were completely resected surgically. The mean follow-up was 82 months (range of 6–153 months) and no cases of recurrences of polyps were seen after surgery during follow-up. The rate of other long-term complications was 9.3%.

Conclusions
In conclusion, FEPs are one of the important causes of hydronephrosis in children. Ultrasound is effective for preoperative diagnosis achieving higher true positive rates than other diagnostic methods. Although the recurrence rate of polyps and symptoms are low after complete resection in children, long-term follow-up is advocated to the adolescence stage to monitor the incidences of urinary tract infections, ureteropelvic junction obstruction and stone formation.
Polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel rectal spacers for prostate brachytherapy: a systematic review with a focus on technique
Authors: Vaggers S. , Rai B. P. , Chedgy E. C. P. , de la Taille A. , Somani B. K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Radiation dose to the rectum in prostate brachytherapy (PBT) can be reduced by the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel spacers. This reduces the rate of rectal toxicity and allows dose escalation to the prostate. Our objectives were to provide an overview of technique for injection of a PEG hydrogel spacer, reduction in rectal dosimetry, gastrointestinal toxicity and potential complications.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the role of PEG hydrogel spacers in PBT using the Cochrane and PRISMA methodology for all English-language articles from January 2013 to December 2019. Data was extracted for type of radiotherapy, number of patients, type of PEG-hydrogel used, mean prostate-rectum separation, rectal dosimetry, acute and late GI toxicity, procedure-related complications and the technique used for hydrogel insertion.

Results
Nine studies (671 patients and 537 controls) met our inclusion criteria. Of these 4 used DuraSeal® and 5 used SpaceOAR®. The rectal spacing achieved varied between 7.7-16 mm. Failure of hydrogel insertion was seen only in 12 patients, mostly related to failure of hydrodissection in patients undergoing salvage PBT. Where reported, the rectal D2 cc was reduced by between 21.6 and 52.6% and the median rectal V75% cc was reduced by between 91.8–100%. Acute GI complications were mostly limited to grade 1 or 2 toxicity (n = 153, 33.7%) with low levels of grade 3 or 4 toxicity (n = 1, 0.22%). Procedure-related complications were limited to tenesmus (0.14%), rectal discomfort (1.19%), and bacterial prostatitis (0.44%).

Conclusions
PEG hydrogel spacers are safe to insert. Gel insertion is easy, fast and has a low rate of failure. These studies convincingly demonstrate a significant reduction in rectal dosimetry. Although the results of spacers in reducing rectal toxicity is promising, these need to be confirmed in prospective randomised trial.
Eddy-resolving Simulation of CAS-LICOM3 for Phase 2 of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Li Yiwen , Liu Hailong , Ding Mengrong , Lin Pengfei , Yu Zipeng , Yu Yongqiang , Meng Yao , Li Yunlong , Jian Xiaodong , Jiang Jinrong , Chen Kangjun , Yang Qian , Wang Yaqi , Zhao Bowen , Wei Jilin , Ma Jinfeng , Zheng Weipeng , Wang Pengfei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 61-year (1958–2018) global eddy-resolving dataset for phase 2 of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project has been produced by the version 3 of Chinese Academy of Science, the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP) Climate system Ocean Model (CAS-LICOM3). The monthly and a part of the surface daily data in this study can be accessed on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node. Besides the details of the model and experiments, the evolutions and spatial patterns of large-scale and mesoscale features are also presented. The mesoscale features are reproduced well in the high-resolution simulation, as the mesoscale activities can contribute up to 50% of the total SST variability in eddy-rich regions. Also, the large-scale circulations are remarkably improved compared with the low-resolution simulation, such as the climatological annual mean SST (the RMSE is reduced from 0.59°C to 0.47°C, globally) and the evolution of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The preliminary evaluation also indicates that there are systematic biases in the salinity, the separation location of the western boundary currents, and the magnitude of eddy kinetic energy. All these biases are worthy of further investigation.
Blood Cell Count Derived Inflammation Indexes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Sotgiu Elisabetta , Mellino Sabrina , Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Elisabetta , Negri Silvia , Collu Claudia , Pintus Gianfranco , Serra Antonello , Pistuddi Angelo Maria , Carru Ciriaco , Pirina Pietro , Fois Alessandro G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Inflammation and immunity play a pivotal but yet unclear role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic disorder characterized by progressive damage of lung parenchyma and severe loss of lung function despite optimal treatment. However, the pathophysiological and predictive role of combined blood cell count indexes of inflammation in IPF is uncertain.

Methods
Seventy-three patients with IPF and 62 healthy subjects matched for age, gender and smoking status were included in this cross-sectional study.

Results
We found significant differences in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) between IPF patients and healthy controls. In logistic regression, all combined blood inflammation indexes, barring PLR, were independently associated with the presence of IPF after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and smoking status. Furthermore, significant associations between FVC% and NLR, LMR, SIRI and AISI, and between DLCO% and NLR, dNLR, LMR, SIRI and AISI, were observed.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our data indicate significant alterations of combined blood cell count indexes of inflammation in IPF.
PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) controls augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression in response to cold water immersion and low glycogen availability
Authors: Allan R. , Morton J. P. , Close G. L. , Drust B. , Gregson W. , Sharples A. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis investigation sought to determine whether post-exercise cold water immersion and low glycogen availability, separately and in combination, would preferentially activate either the Exon 1a or Exon 1b Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) promoter. Through a reanalysis of sample design, we identified that the systemic cold-induced augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression observed previously (Allan et al. in J Appl Physiol 123(2):451–459, 2017) was largely a result of increased expression from the alternative promoter (Exon 1b), rather than canonical promoter (Exon 1a). Low glycogen availability in combination with local cooling of the muscle (Allan et al. in Physiol Rep 7(11):e14082, 2019) demonstrated that PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) expression continued to rise at 3 h post-exercise in all conditions; whilst, expression from the canonical promoter (Exon 1a) decreased between the same time points (post-exercise–3 h post-exercise). Importantly, this increase in PGC-1α Exon 1b expression was reduced compared to the response of low glycogen or cold water immersion alone, suggesting that the combination of prior low glycogen and CWI post-exercise impaired the response in gene expression versus these conditions individually. Data herein emphasise the influence of post-exercise cooling and low glycogen availability on Exon-specific control of total PGC-1 α gene expression and highlight the need for future research to assess Exon-specific regulation of PGC-1α.
The influence of Achilles tendon mechanical behaviour on “apparent” efficiency during running at different speeds
Authors: Monte Andrea , Maganaris Constantinos , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , Zamparo Paola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the role of elastic strain energy on the “apparent” efficiency of locomotion (AE), a parameter that is known to increase as a function of running speed (up to 0.5–0.7) well above the values of “pure” muscle efficiency (about 0.25–0.30).

Methods
In vivo ultrasound measurements of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle–tendon unit (MTU) were combined with kinematic, kinetic and metabolic measurements to investigate the possible influence of the Achilles tendon mechanical behaviour on the mechanics (total mechanical work, WTOT) and energetics (net energy cost, Cnet) of running at different speeds (10, 13 and 16 km h−1); AE was calculated as WTOT/Cnet.

Results
GM fascicles shortened during the entire stance phase, the more so the higher the speed, but the majority of the MTU displacement was accommodated by the Achilles tendon. Tendon strain and recoil increased as a function of running speed (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). The contribution of elastic energy to the positive work generated by the MTU also increased with speed (from 0.09 to 0.16 J kg−1 m−1). Significant negative correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between tendon work and metabolic energy at each running speed (the higher the tendon work the lower the metabolic demand) and significant positive correlations were observed between tendon work and AE (P < 0.001) at each running speed (the higher the tendon work the higher the efficiency).

Conclusion
These results support the notion that the dynamic function of tendons is integral in reducing energy expenditure and increasing the “apparent” efficiency of running.