bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of CPITN Index Applied by Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: Khursheed Dler , Zardawi Faraedon , Karim Shokhan , Abdulrahman Adham , Gul Sarhang , Salih Rishwan 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The goal of the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) is to determine the periodontal conditions and treatment needs in populations. It can also be used for preliminary diagnostic tool in the dental clinic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of patients’ narration of oral hygiene measures on the plaque, bleeding and CPITN indices and validity of records performed by undergraduate students.
Methods: Data of 405 patients were retrieved in this study. It was composed of patient’s narrations records of oral hygiene measures (type and frequency) plus plaque, bleeding and CPITN indices, and the number of cigarettes per day. Ramfjord’s teeth were used for plaque and bleeding indices, while all teeth in the sextants examined in the CPITN index system. Chi- square test used to determine the relationship between oral hygiene maneuver and dental plaque, bleeding and CPITN sextant scores.
Results: Toothbrushing, type, and frequency showed significant relations with dental plaque scores. However, neither smoking nor other oral hygiene measures were shown to be related to bleeding scores. Smoking, toothbrushing techniques and mouthwashes had shown significant relations with mean CPITN index, whereas the other variables had shown non- significant relations with CPITN. Score 2 form the highest percentages, followed by score 3 and score 1, respectively.
Conclusions: The study did not show a positive association with the level of oral hygiene measures as narrated by the patients and their oral health status. Furthermore, the records of CPITN were consistent with many previous studies.
The role of intestinal microflora in the development of cholelithiasis (literature review)
Authors: Hohlacheva N. A. , Glazyrina N. N. , Lukashevich A. P. , Vahrushev Ja. M. , Kosareva T. S. 
Published: February 2020

Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system, which affects all segments of the population. Currently, cholelithiasis is considered as a long, multi-stage process in which the period of stone formation is preceded by changes in metabolism and physical and chemical properties of bile. However, among the many contributing factors, insufficient attention is paid to the role of the infectious factor in the development of cholelithiasis. The analysis of the literature data showed that today there are various mechanisms for promoting ob development of cholelithiasis by excess enteral bacterial grouth. First, with excessive bacterial growth, duodeno-biliary reflux leads to infection of the biliary tract and the development of inflammation in the gallbladder. Substances that occur during the inflammatory process (proteins, mucus, exfoliated epithelium) are the matrix on which the gallstone is formed. Secondly, the role of dysbiosis in violation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is essential. The change in the ratio of conjugated and deconjugated bile acids contributes to the formation of lithogenic bile. Third, excessive bacterial growth leads to endotoxemia, which has a damaging effect on the metabolism of bile acids in the liver. Finally, in a certain dependence on the microbiota is the digestive and suction functions of the small intestine, but the participation of this channel in cholelithiasis requires further research.
An integrated approach to the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis from the position of the international classification of functioning
Authors: Ahunova R. R. , Ahunova G. R. 
Published: February 2020

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, gradually progressive inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the sacroiliac joints and / or spine, which can occur with simultaneous lesions of the enthesis and peripheral joints, leading to early disability and a decrease in the quality of life of patients, mainly young age. The international society for evaluation of spondylarthritis (ASAS) recommended a combination of nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis for the longest possible preservation of the quality of life of patients, which requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.Currently, in many European countries, the international classification of functioning, disability and health (IСF) is used as a universal approach to the assessment of human health. The IСF classifies the different areas of each patient’s life that are health-related and affect health, thus describing changes in their physical functioning and psychological well-being. It helps to introduce multidisciplinary, patient-centered, problem-oriented rehabilitation care into the real work of clinics.The IСF shows a broader and more meaningful picture of the patient’s health, which allows the multidisciplinary team to consider the patient from different perspectives — biological, personal and social. Using the IСF in the process of complex therapy and rehabilitation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, a multidisciplinary team can achieve a more complete coherence of views in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which is very important in achieving the success of therapy of this category of patients.
Implementação de manutenção preventiva estratégica para os negócios
Authors: De Oliveira Albert Vilela , Dos Santos Bruno Borges , Santos Josvaldo da Silva , Magalhães Márcio Henrique , De Freitas Carlos Alberto , S. de Arruda Antonio Carlos 
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo trata da aplicação de métodos investigativos estruturados para a solução de falhas na produção industrial de uma empresa com a finalidade de tornar a manutenção mais estratégica e eficiente.Os tempos de paradas do maquinário, bem como suas particularidades, contextualizados na estrutura própria da produção e da manutenção da fábrica, foram objetos de uma análise crítica. Tal análise, por meio do planejamento detalhado de uma manutenção preventiva, busca solucionar um problema de ineficiência outrora desconhecido, melhorando assim o desempenho geral da produção da planta em que o estudo é aplicado.O contexto em que se encontra a indústria de papel brasileira, atualmente, também, é objeto de breve análise neste estudo, com o objetivo de proporcionar uma visão de como o mercado global se comporta em relação às tendências de produção do setor.
Obs: Este resumo não atende as exigências do ?gênero resumo/científico?, o qual deve explicitar em seu conteúdo, os elementos estruturais como: objetivo da pesquisa, aportes teórico-metodológicos, procedimentos metodológicos incluindo: tipo de pesquisa, tipo de abordagem, explicitação do objeto de análise (coleta e seleção de dados) e apresentação dos resultados...
Pendidikan Nilai Kepedulian Sosial Melalui Budaya Sekolah (Studi Fenomenologi di SD Tumbuh I Yogyakarta)
Authors: Sartono E. Kus Eddy 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pendidikan nilai kepedulian sosial melalui budaya sekolah di SD Tumbuh 1 Jl. A.M. Sangaji No. 48 Kelurahan Cokrodiningratan, Kecamatan Jetis,Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Tumbuh 1 Yogyakarta. Obyek penelitian adalah semua fenomena yang menjadi fokus penelitian, sedangkan subyeknya SD Tumbuh 1 Yogyakarta. Narasumber adalah pengurus sekolah, guru, siswa, karyawan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Untuk memperoleh keabsahan data, dilakukan dengan uji kredibilitas, triangulasi baik teknik, sumber dan waktu, Peer debriefing. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif, meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Pendidikan nilai kepedulian sosial di SD Tumbuh 1 Yogyakarta dilaksanakan tidak hanya melalui kurikulum dalam bentuk mata pelajaran integratif dengan Pendidikan Multikultural, akan tetapi juga dilaksanakan dalam diri pribadi warga sekolah baik guru, tenaga administrasi, tenaga pembantu umum bahkan penjaga keamanan, dalam bentuk keteladanan konkrit. Di samping itu, bangunan sekolah baik interior maupun eksterior dimanfaatkan secara cerdas oleh sekolah untuk membangun karakter siswa, salah satunya kepedulian pada cagar budaya bangsa.
ISLAM MENGHADAPI JUNTA MILITER DI MYANMAR
Authors: Widiyanta Danar , Darini Ririn , Hartono Mudji 
Published: February 2020

Islam mengalami pasang surut perkembangannya di Myanmar. Pada abad ke-1 Pedagang Arab sudah menempati wilayah sekitar Arakan. Pelaut Muslim telah datang ke Myanmar pada abad ke-9. Orang Arab muslim telah berperan dalam pemerintahan di Myanmar. Raja Sawlu (1077-1088), dididik oleh seorang guru muslim berkebangsaan Arab. Negara Islam didirikan di Arakan ketika Sultan Bengal yang beragama Islam Naseeuruddeen Mahmud Syah (1442-1459, membantu Raja Sulayman Naramitha membangun Negara Islam. Muslim di Myanmar juga melakukan perlawanan terhadap tindakan kesewenang-wenangan yang dilakukan oleh Junta Militer. Salah satu bentuk perlawanan mereka adalah membentuk organisasi, salah satunya adalah Oganisasi Nasional Arakan Rohingya (ARNO). Organisasi ini merupakan gabungan dari Front Islam Rohingya (ARIF) yang dipimpin oleh Nurul Islam, Organisasi Solidaritas untuk Rohingya (RSO) yang dipimpin oleh Dr. Yunus dan RSO pimpinan Prof. Muhamma Zakaria. Tahun 1996 terjadi intensitas yang tinggi perlakuan sewenang-wenang dari pemerintahan militer Myanmar. Puncaknya pasca peristiwa 11 September 2001 di Amerika Serikat mengakibatkan tekanan terhadap muslim Myanmar bertambah keras. Tercatat sekitar 1.500.000 muslim Myanmar harus mengungsi ke Malaysia, Bangladesh, Thailand dan lain-lain.
Influence of Some Extraction Conditions Factor on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Solanum betaceum Cav.
Authors: Setyowati Erna Prawita , Puspitasari Andayana , Afini Dias Insan , Nasution Farida Hanum , Nafingah Rosyidatun 
Published: February 2020

Solanum betaceum Cav. fruit is renowned for having antioxidant activity because it contains phenolic compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of some condition factor namely solvent composition, maceration time, liquid-solid ratio, and the particle size of S. betaceum Cav fruit to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The fruit was collected from Temanggung, Wonosobo, and Kopeng, Central Java, Indonesia. The research used single-factor experiments and simplex lattice design (SLD) as an optimization method. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin Ciocalteau reagent, while antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) radical scavenger activity. The solvent combination which gave the highest responses was ethanol: water (60:40 v/v) with phenolic content of 7.48% w/w EAG. Maceration for 8 hours will produce an extract with the highest total phenolic content (8.76% w/w EAG). The optimal solvent ratio was at 10:1 v/w with total phenolic content of 7.26 ± 0.20% w/w EAG. The optimum particle size was 600-850 μm with a total phenolic content of 6.07 ± 0.18% w/w EAG. Antioxidant activity with the DPPH free radical scavenger capture method from three regions did not show significant results.
Challenges of Applying the Teaching Methodology of (CELTA) Productive Skills in a Poor Learning Environment and a Fragile Infrastructure Region of Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Abdulghani Eissa Tour 
Published: February 2020

The present study aims at investigating challenges of applying the teaching methodology of (CELTA) productive skills in a poor learning environment and a fragile infrastructure region of Darfur, Sudan. (CELTA) is a teacher training course that consists of 200 guided learning hours including 6 hours of teaching practice and stands for “Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages”. Candidates who apply for the course aim at acquiring the knowledge and the familiarity of the effective teaching principles. However, applying the methodology of such an internationally recognized qualification that addresses the communicative language learning requires intensive usage of some modern teaching materials. Accordingly, its applicability seems extremely challenging in a poor learning environment with a fragile infrastructure similar to the situation of Darfur region. Furthermore, the difficulties of its implementation definitely prevent hundreds of students from learning facilitates and opportunities that are only attainable via courses in which the learners’ needs are highly considered. We can also be certain that through the application of such a course student develops learning speaking and writing skills respectively simply because the course methodology provides a great opportunity of practicing the language compared to the traditional teaching methodologies. In this study the researcher is reflecting on his experience in teaching EFL via utilizing (CLT) techniques in such a way CELTA course is taught. Furthermore, the researcher aims at illustrating the importance of reducing teacher’s (TTT) and increasing the (STT) in EFL classes in Darfur, Sudan. The study also attempts to highlight the role of the private sector and voluntary organizations in promoting the educational process in the region. We can therefore say that the difficulties mentioned above have begun to diminish with the presence of some voluntary organizations such as Malam Darfur Peace and Development.A qualitative method for data collection and analysis is adapted in which the researcher interviews some EFL instructors who are currently based in KSA and actually happened to CELTA qualification. The interview questions are conducted to examine their experiences on how the methodology of this course is applicable in different contexts. Finally, the study resulted into the following findings:1. Teaching and learning the (CELTA) productive skills in a poor learning environment is difficult.2. Still traditional teaching methods is dominating the EFL classes in Darfur, Sudan.3. Some voluntary organizations regularly contribute to the development of the learning environment in the region of Darfur.
Authors: Azmi Novia Amirah , Arif Ernita , Sarmiati Sarmiati 
Published: February 2020

Hadirnya taksi online di Kota Padang menjadi sumber mata pencaharian baru bagi masyarakat. Ratusan orang dari berbagai latar belakang mendaftarkan diri sebagai mitra Go-Car dan Grab-Car. Diawal semua berjalan lancar. Masalah mulai muncul saat pihak perusahaan menaikan standar poin dan menurunkan jumlah bonus harian. Mitra yang merasa tidak sesuai dengan perubahan tersebut memilih mundur sedangkan sebagian lainnya terpaksa bertahan dengan dua cara, meningkatkan pelayanan atau memilih berlaku curang agar tetap mendapatkan bonus ditengah sulitnya mencapai poin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal antara pengemudi taksi online dengan penumpang serta menganalisa upaya-upaya komunikasi oleh pengemudi dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada penumpang. Jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan paradigma konstruktivis dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan ialah beberapa pengemudi aktif Go-Car dan Grab-Car di Kota Padang yang telah beroperasi minimal satu tahun dan penumpang yang dipilih secara acak. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi terlibat dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisa berdasarkan analisis fenomenologi oleh Edmund Husserl. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal dapat dilihat dari lima sikap positif yaitu keterbukaan (openness), empati (empathy), sikap mendukung (supportiveness), sikap positif (positiveness) dan kesetaraan (equality). Keberhasilan komunikasi interpersonal dapat dilihat melalui tiga indikator, keberhasilan dari sudut komunikator, komunikan dan pesan.
Dietary Inclusion of Tenebrio Molitor Meal in Sea Trout Larvae Rearing: Effects on Fish Growth Performance, Survival, Condition, and GIT and Liver Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Hoffmann Lilianna , Rawski Mateusz , Nogales-Merida Silvia , Mazurkiewicz Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) is a species for which effective methods of rearing are still being developed. They need high-quality protein in their diet, but, considering the ecological consequences of fishmeal production, new sources of protein are needed. Presently, insect meal is one of the most promising alternative sources of protein in the diets of farm animals. Insect production does not result in excessive gas emissions, waste generation or the risk of obtaining low-quality dietary protein. The study on sea trout larvae was carried out for 60 days. Four diets were given to the fish: one control (C), without the inclusion of insect meal, and three experimental, with one unhydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) and two hydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal treatments. The effects of the diets were evaluated on the basis of growth performance (weight and length of the fish, SR, SGR, RGR, FCR and PER), somatic indices (HSI and VSI) and fish condition (CF). We observed that the highest body mass and weight gain were obtained in the control group. However, the lowest mortality and the highest values of RGR were observed only in groups fed diets containing mealworm meal. The results for the hepato- and viscerosomatic indices showed a lack of statistically significant differences between the control group and the unhydrolysed Tenebrio molitor meal group in terms of the enzymatic activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in the fish intestine and both aminotransferases in the liver. Our study demonstrated that the inclusion of 20% mealworm meal in practical diets for sea trout did not negatively affect growth performance or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) enzyme activity. The hydrolysed mealworm meal and the non-processed mealworm meal had similar effects.
Replacement of Fish Meal by Solid State Fermented Lupin (Lupinus albus) Meal with Latobacillus plantarum 299v: Effect on Growth and Immune Status of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Rodríguez-Estrada Uriel , González-Alfaro Katerina , Shene Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess quality of SSF (Solid State Fermented) lupin with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and its effects (on growth, feed utilization, digestibility and immunity) of juvenile Atlantic salmon (S. salar), when used as fish meal replacer. Five experimental diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein and 21% dietary lipid (dry matter basis) with the raw or fermented lupin meal-based protein source replacing fish meal at 15% and 30%. Triplicate groups of fish (averaging 3.53 ± 0.05 g) were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fermentation process modified nutrient profile of lupin meal and enriched it with lactic, citric and acetic acids. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P < 0.05) final body weight, weight gain, FCR, SGR, and PER compared to those of C group. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and Nitrogen-free extract showed a significantly higher values in FL15% experimental group, compared to those shown in C group. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P<0.05) lysozyme activity and leucocyte respiratory burst compared to that shown by fish samples in the C experimental group; phagocytic activity did not record differences among experimental groups. In conclusion, replacement of fish meal by raw or fermented lupin meal did not compromise growth, apparent digestibility coefficients and immune status of juvenile Atlantic salmon and even improve fish performance when supplemented at 15%.
Skin Mucosal, Serum Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fed Artemisia (Artemisia annua)
Authors: Sarhadi Iman , Alizadeh Ebrahim , Ahmadifar Ehsan , Adineh Hossein , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of artemisia (Artemisia annua) leaves extract (ALE) on the immune system, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Fish with initial weight (90.32 ± 1.12 g) were fed various levels of ALE (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance (FW, WG, SGR, PER, and LER) in fish fed 1 g/kg ALE was increased significantly (P<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg ALE in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Skin mucus total protein was higher in fish fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other experimental groups (P<0.05), while the lysozyme, immunoglobulin and protease was increased by increasing of ALE in diets. Respiratory burst activity and serum immune parameters were higher in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other treatments (P<0.05). Increasing of catalase (CAT) and decreasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish fed ALE, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased only in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE. Hence, it can be concluded that ALE has considerable potential as a natural immunostimulant and growth promotor supplement for the common carp’s aquaculture.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Affects mRNA and miRNA Expression of the Appetite Regulating Centre in the Sheep Arcuate Nucleus
Authors: Przybył Bartosz Jarosław , Szlis Michał , Wójcik-Gładysz Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The neuromodulatory effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on appetite regulation centre peptide gene activity in the sheep hypothalamus have not been examined yet. The aim of this study was to determine whether BDNF participates in modulation of neuropeptide Y (npy), agouti-related peptide (agrp), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (cart), and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mRNA expression and selected microRNAs in the sheep hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus. Animals (Polish Merino sheep, n=24) were divided into three groups. The control group received a central infusion of Ringer-Locke solution (480 µl/day) whereas the experimental groups were treated with BDNF in two doses: 10 or 60 μg/480 µl/day. All sheep received four intracerebroventricular infusions (performed from 08:40 a.m. to 01:30 p.m.; infusion scheme: 4 x 50 min infusions with 30 min intervals between them) on each of three consecutive days. Immediately after the last infusion, the sheep were slaughtered, and selected structures of the hypothalamus were frozen for further real-time qPCR analysis. Central infusion of BDNF evoked dose-dependent changes in npy, agrp, cart, pomc and peptidylglicine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (pam) mRNA expression in the sheep ARC nucleus. An increase in npy, agrp and pomc mRNA expression but also a decrease in cart mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus were detected. Moreover, a decrease in pam (gene encoding an enzyme that converts POMC into α-MSH) mRNA expression, was also noted. Furthermore, after central BDNF administration, changes in miRNA-33a-5p, miRNA-33b-5p, miRNA-377-3p, miRNA-214-3p, miRNA-485 and miRNA-488 expression were observed. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that BDNF may affect the appetite regulating centre activity through modulation of npy, agrp, cart, pomc and pam mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus. It was also revealed that BDNF modulates miRNA expression in the sheep ARC nucleus.