bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RR Lyrae Star Candidates from SDSS Databases by Cost-sensitive Random Forests
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Yanxia , Zhao Yongheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the increase of known RR Lyrae stars, it is reliable to create classifiers of RR Lyrae stars based on their photometric data or combined photometric and spectroscopic data. Nevertheless the total number of known RR Lyrae stars is still too small compared with the large survey databases. So classification of RR Lyrae stars and other sources belongs to imbalanced learning. Based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric and spectroscopic data, we apply cost-sensitive Random Forests fit for imbalanced learning to preselect RR Lyrae star candidates. Only with photometric data,

is the best input pattern. While also considering physical parameters (T
eff, [Fe/H], log(g)), the optimal input pattern is T
eff, [Fe/H], log(g),

, at this moment for cost-sensitive Random Forests, the performance metrics of completeness, contamination, and Matthews correlation coefficient are 0.975, 0.019, and 0.975, respectively. It indicates that adding stellar physical parameters is helpful for identifying RR Lyrae stars from other stars. We apply the best classifiers on the SDSS photometric data and combined photometric data with physical parameters to select RR Lyrae star candidates. Finally 11,041 photometric candidates with spectral type A and F are obtained, and then 304 candidates with physical parameters are selected out. Among the 304 candidates, a small part are HB stars, BS stars, RGB stars, and peculiar stars, and the rest are unknown in the Simbad database. These candidates may be used as the input catalog for time-series follow-up observations.
A LAG-3–Specific Agonist Antibody for the Treatment of T Cell–Induced Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Angin Mathieu , Brignone Chrystelle , Triebel Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
T cells chronically stimulated with the same peptide tend to express exhaustion markers such as PD-1 or LAG-3. Deficiencies in the PD-1 and LAG-3 pathways have been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. IMP761 is a LAG-3–specific humanized agonist Ab with immunosuppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo in an Ag-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). IMP761 inhibits TCR-mediated NFAT activation and Ag-induced human T cell proliferation and activation. In the DTH model, assessment of T cell infiltration and gene expression profile at the DTH biopsy site corresponds to immunosuppression of an Ag-induced T cell response. IMP761 is the first LAG-3–specific agonist product candidate, acting upstream on activated T cells, the root cause of self-Ag–specific T cell–induced autoimmune diseases.
Choice of Host Cell Line Is Essential for the Functional Glycosylation of the Fc Region of Human IgG1 Inhibitors of Influenza B Viruses
Authors: Blundell Patricia A. , Lu Dongli , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart , Pleass Richard J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAbs are glycoproteins that carry a conserved N-linked carbohydrate attached to the Fc whose presence and fine structure profoundly impacts on their in vivo immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and functional attributes. The host cell line used to produce IgG plays a major role in this glycosylation, as different systems express different glycosylation enzymes and transporters that contribute to the specificity and heterogeneity of the final IgG-Fc glycosylation profile. In this study, we compare two panels of glycan-adapted IgG1-Fc mutants expressed in either the human endothelial kidney 293-F or Chinese hamster ovary–K1 systems. We show that the types of N-linked glycans between matched pairs of Fc mutants vary greatly and in particular, with respect, to sialylation. These cell line effects on glycosylation profoundly influence the ability of the engineered Fcs to interact with either human or pathogen receptors. For example, we describe Fc mutants that potently disrupted influenza B–mediated agglutination of human erythrocytes when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary–K1, but not in human endothelial kidney 293-F cells.
«Så godt det lar sig gjøre» – kommenterade krigstidsbrev adresserade till Arthur Nordén från norska kollegor 1940–1945
Authors: Goldhahn Joakim 
Published: January 2020

«As good as it can be done» – commented war letters from Norwegian colleagues to Arthur Nordén 1940–1945 This article is based on letters addressed to Arthur Nordén (1891–1965), from his Norwegian colleagues Anton Willhelm Brøgger (1884–1951) and Sverre Marstrander (1910–1986) during the Nazi occupation of Norway, which lasted from 9 April 1940 to 8 May 1945. The letters provide unique historical insights into Brøgger's and Marstrander's activities during the war and reveal how they were engaging with Swedish archaeological colleagues during the Nazi occupation of Norway. While there is no doubt the relationship between archaeology and Nazism during the Second World War is a complex issue, and one that has been addressed by a number of researchers (e.g. Nordenborg Myhre 1984, 2002; Hagen 2002), these letters reflect particular solidarity between Swedish and Norwegian colleagues. They act as aging photographs capturing unique insight into personal experience and agencies. The expressed solidarity in words and actions strengthened existing collegiality and friendships. The letters add to a more nuanced understanding of the history of our discipline.
Review of Kristin Armstrong Oma’s The Sheep People: The Ontology of Making Lives, Building Homes and Forging Herds in Early Bronze Age Norway
Authors: Johannsen Niels N. 
Published: January 2020

Bokanmeldelse av Kristin Armstrong Oma’s The Sheep People: The Ontology of Making Lives, Building Homes and Forging Herds in Early Bronze Age Norway
Conhecimento Zero Estatístico e Reduções Eficientes para o Problema MKTP
Authors: Sdroievski Nicollas M. , Da Silva Murilo V. G. , Vignatti André L. 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo e um resumo da dissertação de mestrado de mesmo título, na qual estudamos a complexidade de problemas computacionais candidatos a NP-intermediários. Nesse processo, conectamos a classe SZK, relacionada a provas de conhecimento zero, com o problema computacional MKTP, relacionado a teoria algorítmica da informação. Como contribuições originais, destacamos reduções aleatorizadas do PROBLEMA DO SUBGRUPO OCULTO (HSP) e outros problemas em teoria computacional de grupos para MKTP, e provas de conhecimento zero estat´ıstico para versões de decisão do problema HSP.
Análise atual da situação das alunas do curso Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação da UFRN
Authors: Oliveira​ Joicy Daliane , Rocha​ Elma , Santos​ Thayrone , Medeiros​ Soraya , Nunes​ Isabel Dillmann 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar o perfil atual das alunas no curso de Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação do Instituto Metrópole Digital da UFRN. A partir desses dados o Projeto de Extensão "Mulheres na TI" foi proposto com o propósito de atrair as meninas do ensino médio e fundamental, como também fomentar a permanência das meninas no curso. Ao longo da história, as mulheres tiveram papel importante para o desenvolvimento da área da Computação,tal como Ada Lovelace e Margareth Hamilton. Contudo, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD - em 2013, apenas 17% dos profissionais de TI no Brasil eram mulheres, ganha​ndo 30% a menos que homens nos mesmos cargos, com mesma escolaridade. Além disso​, de acordo com o estudo realizado pelo Censo da Educação Superior INEP (2015), em 1991, as mulheres totalizavam 34,9% dos discentes que estavam matriculados em cursos da área de Computação e correlatas, porém, em 2013, o valor caiu para 15,53%. Essa diminuição no número de mulheres, fortalece o crescimento da disparidade entre mulheres e homens em cursos da área de exatas. Pensando nessa perspectiva, durante a disciplina “Tópicos Especiais em Informática Educacional 'C' (Análise de Dados Educacionais)” do curso Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação (BTI-UFRN), foi feito um levantamento de dados sobre o percentual de alunas no referido curso em relação aos meninos e iniciou-se o questionamento sobre quais seriam os fatores que estariam influenciando na matrícula, permanência e conclusão dessas alunas durante o curso. Para responder a tal problemática, o presente estudo analisa a situação atual das discentes do BTI.
Assessment of a Takagi–Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model assembly for examination of polyphasic loglinear allometry
Authors: Echavarria-Heras Hector A. , Castro-Rodriguez Juan R. , Leal-Ramirez Cecilia , Villa-Diharce Enrique 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe traditional allometric analysis relies on log- transformation to contemplate linear regression in geometrical space then retransforming to get Huxley’s model of simple allometry. Views assert this induces bias endorsing multi-parameter complex allometry forms and nonlinear regression in arithmetical scales. Defenders of traditional approach deem it necessary since generally organismal growth is essentially multiplicative. Then keeping allometry as originally envisioned by Huxley requires a paradigm of polyphasic loglinear allometry. A Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model assembles a mixture of weighted sub models. This allows direct identification of break points for transition between phases. Then, this paradigm is seamlessly appropriate for efficient allometric examination of polyphasic loglinear allometry patterns. Here, we explore its suitability.MethodsPresent fuzzy model embraces firing strength weights from Gaussian membership functions and linear consequents. Weights are identified by subtractive clustering and consequents through recursive least squares or maximum likelihood. Intersection of firing strength factors set criterion to estimate breakpoints. A multi-parameter complex allometry model follows by adapting firing strengths by composite membership functions and linear consequents in arithmetical space.ResultsTakagi-Sugeno-Kang surrogates adapted complexity depending on analyzed data set. Retransformation results conveyed reproducibility strength of similar proxies identified in arithmetical space. Breakpoints were straightforwardly identified. Retransformed form implies complex allometry as a generalization of Huxley’s power model involving covariate depending parameters. Huxley reported a breakpoint in the log–log plot of chela mass vs. body mass of fiddler crabs (Uca pugnax), attributed to a sudden change in relative growth of the chela approximately when crabs reach sexual maturity. G.C. Packard implied this breakpoint as putative. However, according to present fuzzy methods existence of a break point in Huxley’s data could be validated.ConclusionsOffered scheme bears reliable analysis of zero intercept allometries based on geometrical space protocols. Endorsed affine structure accommodates either polyphasic or simple allometry if whatever turns required. Interpretation of break points characterizing heterogeneity is intuitive. Analysis can be achieved in an interactive way. This could not have been obtained by relying on customary approaches. Besides, identification of break points in arithmetical scale is straightforward. Present Takagi-Sugeno-Kang arrangement offers a way to overcome the controversy between a school considering a log-transformation necessary and their critics claiming that consistent results can be only obtained through complex allometry models fitted by direct nonlinear regression in the original scales.
The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB®
Authors: Senger Ryan S. , Robertson John L. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Existing tools for chemometric analysis of vibrational spectroscopy data have enabled characterization of materials and biologicals by their broad molecular composition. The Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB® is one such tool available publicly. It applies discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to spectral data to classify spectra into user-defined groups. However, additional functionality is needed to better evaluate the predictive capabilities of these models when “unknown” samples are introduced. Here, the Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 is introduced to provide this capability.

Methods
The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 was constructed for MATLAB® and works with the Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox v1.0. It performs leave-one-out analysis of chemometric DAPC models and reports predictive capabilities in terms of accuracy, sensitivity (true-positives), and specificity (true-negatives). Rametrix™PRO is available publicly through GitHub under license agreement at: https://github.com/SengerLab/RametrixPROToolbox. Rametrix™ PRO was used to validate Rametrix™ LITE models used to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in spectra of urine obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The dataset included Raman spectra of urine from 20 healthy individuals and 31 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis treatment for CKD.

Results
The number of spectral principal components (PCs) used in building the DAPC model impacted the model accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in leave-one-out analyses. For the dataset in this study, using 35 PCs in the DAPC model resulted in 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in classifying an unknown Raman spectrum of urine as belonging to a CKD patient or a healthy volunteer. Models built with fewer or greater number of PCs showed inferior performance, which demonstrated the value of Rametrix™ PRO in evaluating chemometric models constructed with Rametrix™ LITE.
Modeling perennial groundcover effects on annual maize grain crop growth with the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator
Authors: Bartel C. A. , Archontoulis S. V. , Lenssen A. W. , Moore K. J. , Huber I. L. , Laird D. A. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe inclusion of perennial groundcover (PGC) in maize (Zea mays L.) production offers a tenable solution to natural resources‐related concerns associated with conventional maize; however, insight into system management and key information gaps is needed to guide future research. We therefore extended the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to an annual and perennial intercrop by integrating annual and perennial APSIM modules. These were parameterized for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as PGC using a 3‐yr dataset. Our objectives for this intercropping modeling study were to: (a) simultaneously model a PGC and annual cash crop using APSIM software; (b) utilize APSIM to understand interactive processes in the maize–PGC system; and (c) utilize the calibrated model to explore both production and environmental benefits via scenario modeling. For the first objective, the integrated model successfully predicted maize total aboveground biomass (relative root mean square error [RRMSE] of 13–27%) and PGC above‐ and belowground tissue N concentration (RRMSE of 11–18%). The calibrated model captured observed trends in PGC biomass accumulation and soil nitrate. For the second objective, model analysis showed that competition for light was the primary PGC‐related maize yield‐penalty factor, while water and N affected maize yield later in the growing season. In the third objective, we concluded that effective PGC suppression produces minimal maize‐yield loss and significant environmental benefits; conversely, poor groundcover suppression may produce unfavorable environmental consequences and decrease maize grain yield. Effective PGC suppression is key for long‐term system success.
Clinical characteristics and cytokine biomarkers in patients with chronic graft‐vs‐host disease persisting seven or more years after diagnosis
Authors: Goklemez Sencer , Im Annie P. , Cao Liang , Pirsl Filip , Steinberg Seth M. , Curtis Lauren M. , Mitchell Sandra A. , Cowen Edward W. , Baruffaldi Judy , Rose Jeremy , Mays Jacqueline , Ostojic Alen , Holtzman Noa G. , Hakim Frances T. , Pavletic Steven Z. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is the leading late complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many patients receive multiple lines of systemic therapy until cGVHD resolves, but about 15% remain on systemic treatment for more than 7 years after cGVHD diagnosis. This study describes the clinical and biological factors of patients who present with cGVHD persisting for ≥7 years (persistent cGVHD). Patients with persistent cGVHD (n = 38) and those with cGVHD for <1 year (early cGVHD) (n = 83) were enrolled in a prospective cross‐sectional natural history study. Patients in the persistent cGVHD group were a median of 10.2 years from cGVHD diagnosis (range 7‐27 years). Fifty‐eight percent of persistent cGVHD patients (22/38) were receiving systemic immunosuppression, compared to 88% (73/83) in the early cGVHD group. In multivariable analysis, bone marrow (BM) stem cell source, presence of ENA autoantibodies, higher NIH lung score, higher platelet counts, and higher IgA levels were significantly associated with persistent cGVHD. A high sensitivity panel of serum biomarkers including seven cytokines diagnostic for cGVHD was analyzed and showed significantly lower levels of BAFF and CXCL10 in patients with persistent cGVHD. In conclusion, standardly accepted clinical measures of disease severity may not accurately reflect disease activity in patients with persistent cGVHD. However, many patients with persistent cGVHD are still receiving systemic immunosuppression despite lacking evidence of disease activity. Development of reliable clinical biomarkers of cGVHD activity may help guide future systemic treatments.
The Biosynthesis of the Benzoxazole in Nataxazole Proceeds via an Unstable Ester and has Synthetic Utility
Authors: Song Haigang , Rao Cong , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi , Naismith James H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterocycles, a class of molecules that includes oxazoles, constitute one of the most common building blocks in current pharmaceuticals and are common in medicinally important natural products. The antitumor natural product nataxazole is a model for a large class of benzoxazole‐containing molecules that are made by a pathway that is not characterized. We report structural, biochemical, and chemical evidence that benzoxazole biosynthesis proceeds through an ester generated by an ATP‐dependent adenylating enzyme. The ester rearranges via a tetrahedral hemiorthoamide to yield an amide, which is a shunt product and not, as previously thought, an intermediate in the pathway. A second zinc‐dependent enzyme catalyzes the formation of hemiorthoamide from the ester but, by shuttling protons, the enzyme eliminates water, a reverse hydrolysis reaction, to yield the benzoxazole and avoids the amide. These insights have allowed us to harness the pathway to synthesize a series of novel halogenated benzoxazoles.
Liquid‐Crystalline Soft Actuators with Switchable Thermal Reprogrammability
Authors: Wu Yahe , Yang Yang , Qian Xiaojie , Chen Qiaomei , Wei Yen , Ji Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermal reprogrammability is essential for new‐generation large dry soft actuators, but the realization sacrifices the favored actuation performance. The contradiction between thermal reprogrammability and stability hampers efforts to design high‐performance soft actuators to be robust and thermally adaptable. Now, a strategy has been developed that relies on repeatedly switching on/off thermal reprogrammability in liquid‐crystalline elastomer (LCE) actuators to resolve this problem. By post‐synthesis swelling, a latent siloxane exchange reaction can be induced in the common siloxane LCEs (switching on), enabling reprogramming into on‐demand 3D‐shaped actuators; by switching off the dynamic network by heating, actuation stability is guaranteed even at high temperature (180 °C). Using partially black‐ink‐patterned LCEs, selectively switching off reprogrammability allows integration of completely different actuation modes in one monolithic actuator for more delicate and elaborate tasks.
One‐Pot Cooperation of Single‐Atom Rh and Ru Solid Catalysts for a Selective Tandem Olefin Isomerization‐Hydrosilylation Process
Authors: Sarma Bidyut B. , Kim Jonglack , Amsler Jonas , Agostini Giovanni , Weidenthaler Claudia , Pfänder Norbert , Arenal Raul , Concepción Patricia , Plessow Philipp , Studt Felix , Prieto Gonzalo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRealizing the full potential of oxide‐supported single‐atom metal catalysts (SACs) is key to successfully bridge the gap between the fields of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Here we show that the one‐pot combination of Ru1/CeO2 and Rh1/CeO2 SACs enables a highly selective olefin isomerization‐hydrosilylation tandem process, hitherto restricted to molecular catalysts in solution. Individually, monoatomic Ru and Rh sites show a remarkable reaction specificity for olefin double‐bond migration and anti‐Markovnikov α‐olefin hydrosilylation, respectively. First‐principles DFT calculations ascribe such selectivity to differences in the binding strength of the olefin substrate to the monoatomic metal centers. The single‐pot cooperation of the two SACs allows the production of terminal organosilane compounds with high regio‐selectivity (>95 %) even from industrially‐relevant complex mixtures of terminal and internal olefins, alongside a straightforward catalyst recycling and reuse. These results demonstrate the significance of oxide‐supported single‐atom metal catalysts in tandem catalytic reactions, which are central for the intensification of chemical processes.
Production of Structured Triacylglycerol via Enzymatic Interesterification of Medium‐Chain Triacylglycerol and Soybean Oil Using a Pilot‐Scale Solvent‐Free Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Siwen , Lee Wan Jun , Lai Oi Ming , Tan Chin Ping , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOils rich in medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) serve as functional oils to help reduce body fat accumulation and weight gain. However, most of the MLCT‐rich products on the market are physical blends of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MCT and LCT, respectively) that are not structured triacylglycerols (TAG). In this study, an efficient pilot‐scale packed bed reactor (PBR) of immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme® TL IM, Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was employed for producing structured MLCT via 1,3‐specific interesterification of TAG enriched in caprylic and capric acyl groups and soybean oil (SBO). The PBR was operated under continuous recirculation mode in the absence of solvent. Optimal reaction conditions were determined to be: caprylic/capric TAG: SBO ratio (45:55 w/w), reaction temperature (75 °C) and residence time (16.0 min) on MLCT production were studied. When employing a pilot‐scale PBR (100 kg day−1) under optimal conditions, a product containing 76.61 wt% MLCT was produced. Lipozyme TL IM was reused for 25 successive batch reactions (125 kg substrates) with no significant reduction in catalytic efficiency. The light yellow MLCT‐enriched product had a high level of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 82.74 wt%) in its sn‐2 position as a result of the enzyme's 1,3‐positional specificity. One‐stage molecular distillation and methanol extraction were used to remove the free fatty acids, mono‐, and diacylglycerols generated from hydrolysis. With distillation temperature of 150 °C and oil‐to‐methanol ratio of 1:3 v/v, MLCT content was further increased to 80.07 wt%. The enzymatic PBR was therefore effective in producing structured MLCT at a pilot‐scale under solvent‐free conditions.