bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of preoperative staging with multidetector computed tomography in colon cancer
Authors: Olsen Anna Sofie Friis , Gundestrup Anders Kierkegaard , Kleif Jakob , Thanon Tara , Bertelsen Claus Anders 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimMultidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the main preoperative decision‐making tool in colon cancer treatment, thus the validation of daily clinical practice is warranted. The only published study validating the accuracy of MDCT in a national cohort was performed more than a decade ago. With neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with preoperatively assessed locally advanced cancer and the emergence of other personalized treatments we aimed to validate the accuracy of MDCT in a national cohort.MethodThe study is based on the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) database and included all Danish patients diagnosed with primary colon adenocarcinoma between January 2015 and December 2018. The primary study outcome was the accuracy of MDCT in identifying patients with locally advanced disease. The secondary outcomes were the accuracy of predicting UICC Stage I based on predicting the tumour category (pT3–T4 versus pT1–T2) and lymph node metastasis.ResultsA total 3465 patients were included in the analyses regarding locally advanced colon cancer. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.61 (0.58–0.64) and 0.85 (0.83–0.86), respectively, for CT to predict locally advanced disease. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.63 (0.59–0.66) and 0.80 (0.78–0.81), respectively, for predicting UICC Stage I in 4496 patients. Thirty six per cent of the patients assessed as having locally advanced disease and 58% assessed as Stage I were misclassified by MDCT.ConclusionThe present standard in Denmark questions whether the implementation of personalized medicine such as neoadjuvant adjuvant chemotherapy and tailor‐made resections based on MDCT is justified.
Association between urinary function and resected pattern of the autonomic nerve system after transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Ito Masaaki , Sasaki Takeshi , Nishizawa Yuji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Ikeda Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is expected to improve the quality of total mesorectal excision as well as preserve urinary function. We aimed to study the frequency and risk factors of urinary dysfunction in rectal cancer patients after TaTME. Moreover, we analysed the association between urinary function and resected pattern of the autonomic nerve system (ANS) in TaTME.MethodWe retrospectively analysed 231 patients who underwent TaTME at our hospital from 2013 to 2018. Independent risk factors for urinary dysfunction were assessed by multivariate analysis. Urinary dysfunction was defined as a condition that requires urethral catheterisation. We intraoperatively judged and classified the preserved or resected pattern of ANS into four categories.ResultsThe rate of urinary dysfunction after TaTME was 12.1% at discharge. Multivariate analysis revealed that beyond TME and ANS resection were the two major independent risk factors for urinary dysfunction. Total ANS preservation had reduced rates of urinary dysfunction, and all patients were free from catheterisation 6 months post‐surgery. There was a higher rate of urinary dysfunction in total ANS resection than in partial ANS resection at 6 months post‐surgery.ConclusionThis study showed that urinary function after TaTME was associated with resection of the ANS. Furthermore, the rate of urinary dysfunction and recovery time were closely related to the pattern of ANS resection.
The utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in orbital haematolymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Stephen Norton , Manivannan Prabhu , Gochhait Debasis , Sreerekha Jinkala , Ramasubramanian Niranjini , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Kar Rakhee , Kasturi Nirupama , Basu Debdata , Siddaraju Neelaiah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrbital hematolymphoid lesions are rare and usually encountered in elderly patients. Orbital lesions are not easy to biopsy: hence fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be a very good diagnostic modality for these lesions.Materials and MethodsCases of orbital masses subjected to FNAC dating from 2013 to 2020 were retrieved from our archives. A total of 16 cases with biopsy confirmation were included. All clinical details, the type of procedure, details of the immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed on smear, follow‐up biopsy, and their haematological work‐up were analysed in detail.ResultsSixteen biopsy‐confirmed cases had been diagnosed as orbital haematolymphoid lesions on cytomorphology and further categorised with ancillary studies including ICC. In twelve instances, the cytology impression was congruent with the histopathological diagnosis and eight of the sixteen cases (50%) proved to be primary orbital lymphoma. Four were secondary orbital lymphomas and the remaining four included one case each of plasmacytoma, myeloid sarcoma, Rosai‐Dorfman disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.ConclusionFNAC is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing most of the haematolymphoid orbital lesions and it has a rapid turnaround time. The accuracy of cytomorphology combined with ICC on smears/cell blocks can be as good as a biopsy for exact categorisation. Additionally, aspirate smears are preferred samples for cytogenetics compared to formalin‐fixed tissue blocks, as molecular cytogenetics techniques are frequently employed for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
The effect of regular rhythm on the perception of linguistic and non‐linguistic auditory input
Authors: Rassili Outhmane , Ordin Mikhail 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRegular distribution of auditory stimuli over time can facilitate perception and attention. However, such effects have to date only been observed in separate studies using either linguistic or non‐linguistic materials. This has made it difficult to compare the effects of rhythmic regularity on attention across domains. The current study was designed to provide an explicit within‐subject comparison of reaction times and accuracy in an auditory target‐detection task using sequences of regularly and irregularly distributed syllables (linguistic material) and environmental sounds (non‐linguistic material). We explored how reaction times and accuracy were modulated by regular and irregular rhythms in a sound‐ (non‐linguistic) and syllable‐monitoring (linguistic) task performed by native Spanish speakers (N = 25). Surprisingly, we did not observe that regular rhythm exerted a facilitatory effect on reaction times or accuracy. Further exploratory analysis showed that targets that appear later in sequences of syllables and sounds are identified more quickly. In late targets, reaction times in stimuli with a regular rhythm were lower than in stimuli with irregular rhythm for linguistic material, but not for non‐linguistic material. The difference in reaction times on stimuli with regular and irregular rhythm for late targets was also larger for linguistic than for non‐linguistic material. This suggests a modulatory effect of rhythm on linguistic stimuli only once the percept of temporal isochrony has been established. We suggest that temporal isochrony modulates attention to linguistic more than to non‐linguistic stimuli because the human auditory system is tuned to process speech. The results, however, need to be further tested in confirmatory studies.
No behavioral syndromes or sex‐specific personality differences in the southern rainforest sunskink (Lampropholis similis)
Authors: Goulet Celine T. , Hart Wes , Phillips Ben L. , Llewelyn John , Wong Bob B. M. , Chapple David G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBehavioral syndromes, when individuals within a population express consistent behavioral differences across time and context, are widespread in animal taxa. For many species, males and females experience different selective pressures after maturation, resulting in the divergence of life‐history and behavioral traits. However, the potential for sex‐specific differences in individual behaviors and behavioral syndromes has rarely been assessed. Here, we tested for sex‐specific differences in behavior (activity, exploration, sociability) and personality in the southern rainforest sunskink, Lampropholis similis. We found that most behaviors in L. similis did not differ between sexes, the exception being sociality which was higher in females than males. In terms of consistency among behaviors, activity and exploration, but not sociability, were repeatable, and there were no sex‐specific differences in repeatability of behavioral traits. Although a behavioral syndrome among these three traits is present in a congener (L. delicata), we found no evidence for such a syndrome in either sex of L. similis. Our study is consistent with the results of studies on other Lampropholis skinks that have found only limited sexual differences in behavior. More broadly, our study demonstrates there can be considerable differences in the presence or absence of behavioral syndromes in closely related species.
Oxidized glutathione promotes association between eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1Bγ and Ure2p glutathione transferase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Bchini Raphael , Girardet Jean‐Michel , Sormani Rodnay , Gelhaye Eric , Morel‐Rouhier Mélanie 
Published: October 2020

The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1Bγ (eEF1Bγ) is an atypical member of the glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Contrary to more classical GSTs having a role in toxic compound detoxification, eEF1Bγ is suggested to act as a scaffold protein, anchoring the elongation factor complex EF1B to the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we show that eEF1Bγ from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium is fully active as a glutathione transferase in vitro and undergoes conformational changes upon binding of oxidized glutathione. Using real‐time analyses of biomolecular interactions, we show that GSSG allows eEF1Bγ to physically interact with other GSTs from the Ure2p class, opening new perspectives for a better understanding of the role of eEF1Bγ in cellular oxidative stress response.
Spatial and seasonal variation in host community structure is weakly concordant with patterns of parasite composition
Authors: Grunberg Rita L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Parasites are known to respond strongly to changes in host diversity and may ultimately reflect changes in ecosystems. However, it remains unclear whether strong relationships between host and parasite richness also reflect those at the level of community composition. A complementary approach is to test for concordance between host and parasite composition to evaluate whether shifts in parasite community structure mirror patterns of their hosts and potentially the environment.

I tested for concordance between patterns of community similarity in parasites, their fish hosts, and environmental factors sampled across three sites and four seasons within each of two river ecosystems. I constructed ordinations of parasites, fish, and environmental variables to establish their patterns of similarity in multivariate space and used Procrustes analysis to evaluate whether patterns in community structure were concordant.

Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish and parasite community structure were concordant when analysing patterns in community composition (i.e. presence–absence), but not community abundance (i.e. numerical density). Patterns in fish communities were concordant with the physical river environment. However, despite finding concordance between fish and parasite communities and fish and their environment, parasites were concordant with the river environment in only one ecosystem.

Re‐evaluating the relationship between host and parasite diversity under a community concordance framework showed that patterns among host and parasite community composition exist, but this relationship is weaker than expected. The looser connection between patterns in host and parasite community composition can be mediated by parasite life history and parasites responding both indirectly and directly to changes in host communities and the local environment.
Long‐term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes following planned treatment interruption in HIV‐infected children
Authors: Freguja R , Bamford A , Zanchetta M , Del Bianco P , Giaquinto C , Harper L , Dalzini A , Cressey TR , Compagnucci A , Saidi Y , Riault Y , Ford D , Gibb D , Klein N , De Rossi A ,   the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 Trial Team
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesPlanned treatment interruption (PTI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults is associated with adverse outcomes. The PENTA 11 trial randomized HIV‐infected children to continuous ART (CT) vs. CD4‐driven PTIs. We report 5 years’ follow‐up after the end of main trial.MethodsPost‐trial, all children resumed ART. Clinical, immunological, virological and treatment data were collected annually. A sub‐study investigated more detailed immunophenotype. CT and PTI arms were compared using intention‐to‐treat. Laboratory parameters were compared using linear regression, adjusting for baseline values; mixed models were used to include all data over time.ResultsIn all, 101 children (51 CT, 50 PTI) contributed a median of 7.6 years, including 5.1 years of post‐trial follow‐up. Post‐trial, there were no deaths, one pulmonary tuberculosis and no other CDC stage B/C events. At 5 years post‐trial, 90% of children in the CT vs. 82% in the PTI arm had HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL (P = 0.26). A persistent increase in CD8 cells was observed in the PTI arm. The sub‐study (54 children) suggested that both naïve and memory populations contributed to higher CD8 cells following PTI. Mean CD4/CD8 ratios at 5 years post‐trial were 1.22 and 1.08 in CT and PTI arms, respectively [difference (CT – PTI) = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.34–0.05), P = 0.14]. The sub‐study also suggested that during the trial and at early timepoints after the end of the trial, reduction in CD4 in the PTI arm was mainly from loss of CD4 memory cells.ConclusionsChildren tolerated PTI with few long‐term clinical, virological or immunological consequences.
Microstructure evolution of hydration products and strength change of hydratable alumina‐bonded castables below 1250°C
Authors: Zhang Ju , Li Na , Zhou Wenying , Xiong Xuejun , Gao Song , Ye Guotian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere have been reports that strength of hydratable alumina (HA)‐bonded castables without silica fume drops significantly at 600°C and decreases substantially again at 1000°C. But the strength variation of the HA‐bonded castables during the intermediate temperature range has not been investigated and elaborated from the perspective of phase evolution and microstructural change in the castables. In this work, the relationship between the change in the strength of castables and the microstructural characteristics of the HA‐bonded castables was investigated. The phase and microstructure evolution of HA‐bonded castables between 110°C and 1250°C were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It has been found that strength drops of the HA‐bonded castables during heating process do not mainly happen at the temperature at which HA hydrates decompose, but at the temperature at which the structure of dehydrated HA hydrates disintegrates.
Height‐based equations as screening tools for elevated blood pressure in the SAYCARE study
Authors: Skapino Estela , Rupérez Azahara Iris , Restrepo‐Mesa Sandra , Araújo‐Moura Keisyanne , De Moraes Augusto César , Barbosa Carvalho Heráclito , Aristizabal Juan Carlos , Moreno Luis Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the accuracy of four height‐based equations: blood pressure to height ratio (BPHR), modified BPHR (MBPHR), new modified BPHR (NMBPHR), and height‐based equations (HBE) for screening elevated BP in children and adolescents in the SAYCARE study. We measured height and BP of 829 children and adolescents from seven South American cities. Receiving operating curves were used to assess formula performance to diagnose elevated BP in comparison to the 2017 clinical guideline. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for the four screening formulas. The diagnostic agreement was evaluated with the kappa coefficient. The HBE equation showed the maximum sensitivity (100%) in children, both for boys and girls, and showed the best performance results, with a very high NPV (>99%) and high PPV (>60%) except for female children (53.8%). In adolescents, the highest sensitivity (100%) was achieved with the NMBPHR for both sexes. Kappa coefficients indicated that HBE had the highest agreement with the gold standard diagnostic method (between 0.70 and 0.75), except for female children (0.57). Simplified methods are friendlier than the percentile gold standard tables. The HBE equation showed better performance than the other formulas in this Latin American pediatric population.
DEK‐targeting aptamer DTA‐64 attenuates bronchial EMT‐mediated airway remodelling by suppressing TGF‐β1/Smad, MAPK and PI3K signalling pathway in asthma
Authors: Song Yilan , Wang Zhiguang , Jiang Jingzhi , Piao Yihua , Li Li , Xu Chang , Piao Hongmei , Li Liangchang , Yan Guanghai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study is to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of DEK‐targeting aptamer (DTA‐64) on epithelial mesenchymaltransition (EMT)‐mediated airway remodelling in mice and human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B. In the ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthmatic mice, DTA‐64 significantly reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in lung tissue, attenuated the airway resistance and the proliferation of goblet cells. In addition, DTA‐64 reduced collagen deposition, transforming growth factor 1 (TGF‐β1) level in BALF and IgE levels in serum, balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 ratio, and decreased mesenchymal proteins (vimentin and α‐SMA), as well as weekend matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) and NF‐κB p65 activity. In the in vitro experiments, we used TGF‐β1 to induce EMT in the human epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B. DEK overexpression (ovDEK) or silencing (shDEK) up‐regulated or down‐regulated TGF‐β1 expression, respectively, on the contrary, TGF‐β1 exposure had no effect on DEK expression. Furthermore, ovDEK and TGF‐β1 synergistically promoted EMT, whereas shDEK significantly reduced mesenchymal markers and increased epithelial markers, thus inhibiting EMT. Additionally, shDEK inhibited key proteins in TGF‐β1‐mediated signalling pathways, including Smad2/3, Smad4, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. In conclusion, the effects of DTA‐64 against EMT of asthmatic mice and BEAS‐2B might partially be achieved through suppressing TGF‐β1/Smad, MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways. DTA‐64 may be a new therapeutic option for the management of airway remodelling in asthma patients.
Wnt/β‐catenin signalling controls bile duct regeneration by regulating differentiation of ductular reaction cells
Authors: Wang Nan , Kong Rui , Han Wei , Lu Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, the incidence of bile duct‐related diseases continues to increase, and there is no effective drug treatment except liver transplantation. However, due to the limited liver source and expensive donations, clinical application is often limited. Although current studies have shown that ductular reaction cells (DRCs) reside in the vicinity of peribiliary glands can differentiate into cholangiocytes and would be an effective alternative to liver transplantation, the role and mechanism of DRCs in cholangiole physiology and bile duct injury remain unclear. A 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐enriched diet was used to stimulate DRCs proliferation. Our research suggests DRCs are a type of intermediate stem cells with proliferative potential that exist in the bile duct injury. Meanwhile, DRCs have bidirectional differentiation potential, which can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Furthermore, we found DRCs highly express Lgr5, and Lgr5 is a molecular marker for neonatal DRCs (P < .05). Finally, we confirmed Wnt/β‐catenin signalling achieves bile duct regeneration by regulating the expression of Lgr5 genes in DRCs (P < .05). We described the regenerative potential of DRCs and reveal opportunities and source for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
Genetic susceptibility for major depressive disorder associates with trajectories of depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lussier Alexandre A. , Hawrilenko Matthew , Wang Min‐Jung , Choi Karmel W. , Cerutti Janine , Zhu Yiwen ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Dunn Erin C. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEarly‐onset depression during childhood and adolescence is associated with a worse course of illness and outcome than adult onset. However, the genetic factors that influence risk for early‐onset depression remain mostly unknown. Using data collected over 13 years, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) that capture genetic risk for depression were associated with depressive symptom trajectories assessed from childhood to adolescence.MethodsData came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort (analytic sample = 7,308 youth). We analyzed the relationship between genetic susceptibility to depression and three time‐dependent measures of depressive symptoms trajectories spanning 4–16.5 years of age (class, onset, and cumulative burden). Trajectories were constructed using a growth mixture model with structured residuals. PRS were generated from the summary statistics of a genome‐wide association study of depression risk using data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, UK Biobank, and 23andMe, Inc. We used MAGMA to identify gene‐level associations with these measures.ResultsYouth were classified into six classes of depressive symptom trajectories: high/renitent (27.9% of youth), high/reversing (9.1%), childhood decrease (7.3%), late childhood peak (3.3%), adolescent spike (2.5%), and minimal symptoms (49.9%). PRS discriminated between youth in the late childhood peak, high/reversing, and high/renitent classes compared to the minimal symptoms and childhood decrease classes. No significant associations were detected at the gene level.ConclusionsThis study highlights differences in polygenic loading for depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence, particularly among youths with high symptoms in early adolescence, regardless of age‐independent patterns.
First macrofossil record of Icacinaceae in East Asia (early Oligocene, Wenshan Basin) and its ecological implications
Authors: Del Rio Cédric , Huang Jian , Stull Gregory W. , Allemand Rémi , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Su Tao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIcacinaceae are well represented in the modern tropical flora of East Asia, but this family has no confirmed macrofossils from this region. Most of the unambiguous fossils (e.g., endocarps) are from the Paleogene of North America and Europe, where the family is no longer present. Here we report a fossil endocarp of the liana genus Iodes from the Oligocene Wenshan flora, southwestern China. The fossil is relatively large (ca. 20 mm length, 11 mm width) and documents a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a pattern of ridges enclosing few areoles, and an asymmetrical apex and rounded base. On the basis of these characteristics, we described a new species, Iodes elliptica, which represents the first Icacinaceae fruit fossil record from Asia. This fossil, consistent with recent reports of Iodes pollen from the Eocene of Hainan, indicates a long‐standing presence of the genus in SE Asia, dating back to the Paleogene. Based on the climatic data of modern Iodes, and other fossil occurrences from Wenshan, we hypothesize that the climate in the region was subtropical during the Oligocene, supporting a rainforest, with an overall mixed regional flora of subtropical and tropical elements.