bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Conditions in Shocked Interstellar Gas Interacting with the Supernova Remnant IC 443*
Authors: Ritchey Adam M. , Jenkins Edward B. , Federman S. R. , Rice Johnathan S. , Caprioli Damiano , Wallerstein George 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a detailed investigation into the physical conditions in interstellar material interacting with the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive examination of high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope of two stars behind IC 443. One of our targets (HD 43582) probes gas along the entire line of sight through the SNR, while the other (HD 254755) samples material located ahead of the primary supernova shock front. We identify low-velocity quiescent gas in both directions and find that the densities and temperatures in these components are typical of diffuse atomic and molecular clouds. Numerous high-velocity components are observed in the absorption profiles of neutral and singly ionized atomic species toward HD 43582. These components exhibit a combination of greatly enhanced thermal pressures and significantly reduced dust-grain depletions. We interpret this material as cooling gas in a recombination zone far downstream from shocks driven into neutral gas clumps. The pressures derived for a group of ionized gas components at high positive velocity toward HD 43582 are lower than those of the other shocked components, pointing to pressure inhomogeneities across the remnant. A strong, very high velocity component near −620 km s−1 is seen in the absorption profiles of highly ionized species toward HD 43582. The velocity of this material is consistent with the range of shock velocities implied by observations of soft thermal X-ray emission from IC 443. Moderately high velocity gas toward HD 254755 may represent shocked material from a separate foreground SNR.
Carbonaceous Chondrites and the Condensation of Elements from the Solar Nebula
Authors: Vollstaedt Hauke , Mezger Klaus , Alibert Yann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Common features of all carbonaceous chondrite groups are invariant refractory element ratios, depletions of moderately volatile elements as a function of their condensation temperature (T
C), and strongly depleted highly volatile element concentrations independent of T
C. The depletion of volatile elements with respect to the bulk solar system composition requires a separation of gas from solids in the solar nebula. Several models have been proposed to explain the decoupling of gas and solids, but not all are compatible with astrophysical, chemical, and petrologic constraints. Here existing physical models are integrated with measured element concentrations, measured and modeled physical properties of protoplanetary disks, and planetary-scale nucleosynthetic and stable isotope variations to establish a conceptual model for the condensation and accretion of elements into planetesimals. In this model, the chemical composition of chondrites is established by element condensation in a cooling solar nebula that changed its surface density as a function of time and temperature. The model predicts peak temperatures at the condensation sites of about 1400 K that consequently decreased due to a diminishing heat source originating from viscous heating and radiation, accompanied by continuous removal of gas from the nebula surface by photoevaporation. The coupled evolution of condensing solids from a nebula of diminishing surface density resulted in a pattern of decreasing moderately volatile abundances with decreasing T
C. The reduction of nebula opacity due to the chondrule-forming process significantly increased nebula cooling rates and led to the near-chondritic relative abundances of highly volatile elements observed in carbonaceous chondrites.
Continuum-fitting the X-Ray Spectra of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Wen Sixiang , Jonker Peter G. , Stone Nicholas C. , Zabludoff Ann I. , Psaltis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We develop a new model for X-ray emission from tidal disruption events (TDEs), applying stationary general relativistic “slim disk” accretion solutions to supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and then ray-tracing the photon trajectories from the image plane to the disk surface, including gravitational redshift, Doppler, and lensing effects self-consistently. We simultaneously and successfully fit the multi-epoch XMM-Newton X-ray spectra for two TDEs: ASASSN-14li and ASASSN-15oi. We test explanations for the observed, unexpectedly slow X-ray brightening of ASASSN-15oi, including delayed disk formation and variable obscuration by a reprocessing layer. We propose a new mechanism that better fits the data: a “slimming disk” scenario in which accretion onto an edge-on disk slows, reducing the disk height and exposing more X-rays from the inner disk to the sightline over time. For ASASSN-15oi, we constrain the SMBH mass to

. For ASASSN-14li, the SMBH mass is

, and the spin is >0.3. For both TDEs, our fitted masses are consistent with independent estimates; for ASASSN-14li, application of the external mass constraint narrows our spin constraint to >0.85. The mass accretion rate of ASASSN-14li decays slowly, as ∝t
−1.1, perhaps due to inefficient debris circularization. Over ≈1100 days, its SMBH has accreted ΔM ≈ 0.17M
⊙, implying a progenitor star mass of >0.34M
⊙, i.e., no “missing energy problem.” For both TDEs, the hydrogen column density declines to the host galaxy plus Milky Way value after a few hundred days, suggesting a characteristic timescale for the depletion or removal of obscuring gas.
New Constraints on the Origin of Surface Brightness Profile Breaks of Disk Galaxies from MaNGA
Authors: Tang Yimeng , Chen Qianhui , Zhang Hong-Xin , Lin Zesen , Chen Guangwen , Gao Yulong , Liang Zhixiong , Liu Haiyang , Kong Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In an effort to probe the origin of surface brightness profile (SBP) breaks widely observed in nearby disk galaxies, we carry out a comparative study of stellar population profiles of 635 disk galaxies selected from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory spectroscopic survey. We classify our galaxies into single exponential (Ti), down-bending (Tii), and up-bending (Tiii) SBP types and derive their spin parameters and radial profiles of age/metallicity-sensitive spectral features. Most Tii (Tiii) galaxies have down-bending (up-bending) star formation rate (SFR) radial profiles, implying that abrupt radial changes of SFR intensities contribute to the formation of both Tii and Tiii breaks. Nevertheless, a comparison between our galaxies and simulations suggests that stellar migration plays a significant role in weakening down-bending Σ⋆ profile breaks. While there is a correlation between the break strengths of SBPs and age/metallicity-sensitive spectral features for Tii galaxies, no such correlation is found for Tiii galaxies, indicating that stellar migration may not play a major role in shaping Tiii breaks, as is also evidenced by a good correspondence between the break strengths of Σ⋆ and SBPs of Tiii galaxies. We do not find evidence for galaxy spin being a relevant parameter for forming different SBP types, nor do we find significant differences between the asymmetries of galaxies with different SBP types, suggesting that environmental disturbances or satellite accretion in the recent past do not significantly influence the break formation. By dividing our sample into early and late morphological types, we find that galaxies with different SBP types follow nearly the same tight stellar mass–

relation, which makes the hypothesis that stellar migration alone can transform SBP types from Tii to Ti and then to Tiii highly unlikely.
Extending the FOTE Method to Three-dimensional Plasma Flow Fields
Authors: Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Olshevsky V. , Liu Y. Y. , Liu C. M. , Chen Z. Z. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we examine whether the First-Order Taylor Expansion (FOTE) method can be applied to steady-state plasma flow fields in space. We particularly examine whether this method (termed FOTE-V) can be used to identify the flow critical points (including both stagnation point and vortex center) and reconstruct the flow patterns around these points. Quantitatively, we test the accuracy of this method using 3D kinetic simulation data, and find the FOTE-V method can give accurate reconstruction results within an area about 2 times the size of the spacecraft tetrahedron, particularly when there are no clear nonlinear flow structures in the simulation box. With simulation data, we also reveal the ability of the FOTE-V method on reconstructing 3D flow field topology of both radial-type null and spiral-type nulls. We further test the accuracy of this method using measurements from NASA’s Magnetospheric Multi-scale (MMS) mission. In a current sheet crossing event, the FOTE-V method successfully identifies the spiral-type nulls in the reconnection exhaust region. In an EDR crossing event, the FOTE-V method detects the stagnation point near the reconnection center. We find these 3D flow structures are quasi-linear at the MMS separation scale. Utilizing the continuity equation of the steady flow, we define a parameter,

, to quantify the error of this method—the smaller this parameter the better the results. This study demonstrates that the plasma flows at small scale are indeed linear, and thus the FOTE-V method can be applied to such flow fields. In particular, this method will be useful to study stagnation points and electron vortices in space plasmas.
The Thermal Equilibrium Mass-loss Model and Its Applications in Binary Evolution
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Webbink Ronald F , Han Zhanwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Binary evolution is indispensable in stellar evolution to understand the formation and evolution of most peculiar and energetic objects, such as binary compact objects, Type Ia supernovae, X-ray binaries, cataclysmic variables, blue stragglers, hot subdwarfs, and central binaries in planetary nebulae. Mass transfer in binary stars can change the evolutionary path and fate of the components compared to what is expected from single stellar evolution. The critical mass ratio at which unstable mass transfer occurs is an unsolved fundamental problem in binary evolution. To resolve this issue, we construct the thermal equilibrium mass-loss model and derive critical mass ratios for both thermal-timescale mass transfer and unstable mass transfer, the latter of which occurs when the outer Lagrangian point, L2, is overfilled. Using several 3.2 M
⊙ stellar models as examples, we study the stellar response to thermal equilibrium mass loss and present the thresholds for thermal-timescale mass transfer. We study the possible mass-transfer channels of binary systems containing a 3.2 M
⊙ donor star, taking into account thermal-timescale mass transfer, unstable mass transfer through L2, and dynamical-timescale mass transfer. We repeat this simulation for a grid of donor stars with different masses (from 0.1 to 100 M
⊙ with Z = 0.02) and at different evolutionary stages, and present our results. The results show that unstable mass transfer due to the overfilling of the outer Lagrangian point may also play an essential role in the formation of common envelopes for late red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch donors.
Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Anxiety Before, During, and After a Standardized Patient Encounter
Authors: Boddicker Brett , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Walker Stacy E. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: July 2020

Context
Standardized patient (SP) encounters are an assessment technique in health and medical education that can improve participants' communication and clinical skills.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of postprofessional athletic trainers before, during, and after a SP encounter.

Design
Qualitative research.

Setting
Before and after participants engaged in the same SP encounter.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic trainers enrolled in a postprofessional doctor of athletic training program (age = 24 ± 2, years of experience = 3 ± 3).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Individual, semistructured interviews were completed before and after the SP encounter via teleconferencing software. Interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed via the consensual qualitative research tradition using a 3-person coding team. Using a multistage process, the team identified common domains and categories to confirm a consensus codebook. Trustworthiness was established using member checking and external auditing.

Results
Four domains emerged during analysis: (1) emotional state, (2) design of encounter, (3) realism, and (4) conscious consideration. Participants identified an emotional state related to self-judgment and feeling overwhelmed by time constraints. The postprofessional learners felt the SP encounter created a safe environment for integrating newly learned skills. Contrastingly, they also expressed uncertainty, as the SP encounter was perceived as an unknown situation. Before the SP encounter, participants doubted their ability to suspend reality but were surprised by the authenticity. They mentioned using self-management strategies for their feelings. After the SP encounter, participants expressed a growth mindset related to improving clinical skills, while others lacked ownership through blaming.

Conclusions
Despite disbelief before the SP encounter, the design of the encounter provided an authentic learning environment for practicing athletic trainers to integrate and rehearse their clinical skills in a safe setting. However, participants expressed anxiety related to the SP encounter that altered their preparation and experience.
PENGARUH METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING DAN PERSEPSI KINESTETIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR GERAK DASAR MANIPULATIF
Authors: Suhartini Maharani  
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT and STAD learning models on manipulative basic motion learning outcomes, to analyze the interaction of cooperative learning models with kinesthetic perceptions on learning outcomes, as well as differences in learning outcomes with TGT and STAD models in students with high and low kinesthetic perceptions. This study uses an experimental method with factorial design. The study was conducted at SDIT Al Madinah in 4th grade students. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and different tests. The results showed that there were significant differences in the learning outcome in the learning model with the TGT model with the STAD model. There is an interaction between learning models with kinesthetic perception on learning outcomes. In the high kinesthetic perception, the learning outcomes of the TGT class are much higher than the STAD class, whereas in the low kinesthetic perception, the learning outcomes of the TGT class are slightly higher than the STAD class.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran TGT dan STAD pada hasil belajar gerak dasar manipulatif, menganalisis interaksi model cooperative learning dengan persepsi kinestetik pada hasil belajar, serta perbedaan hasil belajar dengan model TGT dan STAD pada siswa dengan persepsi kinestetik tinggi dan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain factorial design. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Al Madinah pada siswa kelas 4. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji beda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan hasil belajar gerak dasar manipulatif pada model pembelajaran dengan model TGT dengan model STAD. Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan persepsi kinestetik pada hasil belajar. Pada persepsi kinestetik tinggi, hasil belajar kelas TGT jauh lebih tinggi dari kelas STAD, sedangkan pada persepsi kinestetik rendah, hasil belajar kelas TGT sedikit lebih tinggi dari kelas STAD.
Kata Kunci: cooperative learning, TGT, STAD, persepsi kinestetik, hasil belajar
Hablar con las cosas: antropomorfismo, causalidad e incertidumbre.
Authors: Viladrich Alexandre 
Published: July 2020

A pesar de su explícita condición material, la acción de diseñar toma sentido convencionalmente dentro de un marco simbólico. El objeto del diseño se presenta como un elemento de consumo que, más allá de ser un puro instrumento, es portador de un sistema de signos y, con ello, escapa hacia lo infinitamente social (Barthes, 1964). En contraste, hoy se vienen extendiendo planteamientos desde las corrientes afines al llamado “giro material” —los nuevos materialismos y el realismo especulativo— que rechazan restringir la concepción del mundo a algo única e inevitablemente mediado por el sujeto humano; esto es, como algo que pasa indispensablemente por interpretación, discurso,textualidad, significación, ideología y poder (Cox, Jaskey y Malik, 2015). Este enfoque posthumanista, pues rechaza las lógicas binarias jerarquizadas, plantea retos y genera conflictos para la disciplina del diseño en cuanto que actividad human-centered y material-base.

En el presente texto se pretende articular una aproximación materialista y posthumanista a la práctica del diseño que confronte con su habitual comprensión mercadotécnica y sugiera, así como en otros estudios, un posible “giro material” para la disciplina. Del mismo modo, se expone la siguiente conjetura: el diseño reduce la mediación sujeto-objeto a una cuestión puramente cultural que falla a la hora de concebir los objetos en su ecología, como entidades aisladas del humano/a que los crea o los consume. Para ello, se ofrece un análisis causal del objeto —acotado a su alcance cotidiano— que procura vincular la cuestión de la “agencia” y la “causalidad”, en sus diferentes contemplaciones, con una nueva concepción de lo matérico relativa al diseño.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH: ANALISIS KOMPARATIF
Authors: Ningsih Mardhiyatur Rosita , Mahfudz Muhammad Syarqim 
Published: July 2020

Ministry of Health data shows the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia is 9,771 cases with a total of 784 deaths. Jakarta and West Java provinces are the regions with the highest number of Covid-19 cases. This is a challenge for the business world, including Sharia Banks, which based on Sharia banking Statistics data show that Jakarta is the region with the largest number of Sharia Bank branch offices in Indonesia. This study is a comparative analysis which aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the banking industry on the side of the management of the Bank's operational strategies and Bank Intermediation Activities. The study used a sample of 5 Islamic Commercial Banks. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that in December to March 2020 all banks experienced turmoil in the intermediation function which tended to decline both from funding and fund raising. Meanwhile, in terms of Sharia Bank Strategy Management implementing a variety of policies including service restrictions through face-to-face, providing restructuring policies to affected customers and utilizing digital applications.
Keywords: Covid-19, Islamic Banking Industry, Management
NHS Nightingale North West: A Medical Student on the Front Lines
Authors: Holt Lewis 
Published: July 2020

Seemingly overnight, on the 12th of March 2020, healthcare systems the world over changed as the World Health Organisation deemed COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. I was moved directly into the fourth year of my medical studies without examination, and applied to work in one of the few field hospitals set up across the United Kingdom, designed to handle to worst case scenario of COVID-19. Here I tended to the most basic needs of patients as a care support worker and witness first hand the relentlessness of this awful disease. Being able to help and work in a role I was not familiar with has given me great insight into the needs of patient’s whether they are going home or in their final days of life. As the pandemic cools down and the incidence curve flattens, we have all been put on standby, hopefully not to be required again.
The Complex Construction of Female English Teachers’ Identity in Iran
Authors: Safatian Fakhereh 
Published: July 2020

There has been a growing interest regarding the identity formation in the broader TESOL research field; however there is scares number of studies which examined the formation of the female teacher’s identity using a feminist poststructuralist framework. This study also attempts to help to grow the existing literature regarding the female teacher’s identity formation by seeking to explore the construction of an Iranian female English teacher identity and the related discourses that shape and reshape her identity through delving into the narratives, using data collected from interviews. To investigate the participant’s main subject positions and the prevailing discursive practices that construct them, feminist poststructuralist conceptual framework was applied in this study. The research data, gathered from interviews indicates the teacher’s identity as multiple, complex, and contradictory construct. The findings reveal both gender and professional discourses impact the way which this woman tries to conceive a sense of coherent self. The normative, disciplinary, and individualizing nature of the gender and professional discourses was also revealed as the result of the analysis.
Classical Music in Ron Rash’sThe CoveandThe World Made Straight
Authors: Powell David McKay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRon Rash’s fiction often features inimical figures from outside Appalachia, seeking to pillage the region’s resources or bring about unwanted change. This trend is sufficiently common that many commentators on Rash’s work seem to have adopted an interpretive default whereby outsiders are presumed to be bad. However, there is one area in which Rash typically gives outside influence his blessing: classical music, particularly opera. This article analyzes Rash’s references to opera and oratorio in The Cove (2012) and The World Made Straight (2006) to better understand Rash’s attitude toward the world beyond Appalachia.
Perceptions of midwifery students, mentors, and supervisors on the use of clinical teaching portfolio in Rwanda
Authors: Mukamana Donatilla , Embo Mieke , Tengera Olive , Muhayimana Alice , Murekezi Josephine , DeGrave Hilde , Ndayisenga Jean Pierre , Valcke Martin 
Published: July 2020

Background and objective: The clinical teaching portfolio is a practical tool for integrating theory and practice towards the growth of midwifery students. Both paper-based portfolios (PBP) and electronic portfolios (EP) are known and recognized as tools that can assist midwifery educators to develop students’ analytical and critical thinking. Hence, midwives are required to maintain a professional portfolio to reflect their development of knowledge, skills, and attitude. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of midwifery students, mentors, and supervisors about the use of paper-based and electronic clinical teaching portfolios.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was carried out with 20 participants including midwifery students, mentors, and supervisors. Using purposive sampling, participants were recruited from two selected clinical teaching hospitals. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by the research team members. Six steps of thematic analysis were followed during the inductive analysis of collected data. Results: Three themes emerged from data analyses which include clinical teaching and learning, encountering barriers in the use of the clinical teaching portfolio, and preference among the clinical teaching portfolio users.Conclusions: The findings of this study highlighted the importance of a clinical teaching portfolio in the promotion of midwifery clinical teaching. This study indicated that there is a need to respect the student-clinical instructor ratio and to equip the users with the required skills in order to fully benefit from the use of a clinical teaching portfolio.