bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of flow rates on segmental baffle shell and tube heat exchanger using CuO-W nanofluids
Authors: Sivamani Seralathan , M. Murugan , Venkatesan Hariram , T. Micha Premkumar 
Published: February 2020

PurposeNanofluid exhibits higher density, higher viscosity, higher thermal conductivity and reduced specific heat capacity along with improved heat transfer characteristics. It is comparatively better than conventional fluids in terms of thermo-physical properties. This paper aims to investigate experimentally the overall performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger operated under two different configurations – without baffles (STHX_1) and with baffles (STHX_2) using 0.01 Vol.% and 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid.Design/methodology/approachTwo different configurations, one without baffles (STHX_1) and other with single segmental baffles (STHX_2), are chosen with all other dimensional details of shell and tube remaining same. Water is used as base fluid. CuO nanoparticle is chosen, as its thermal conductivity is higher compared to other metal oxides. A comparative study on the thermal performance of these shell and tube heat exchangers are performed by considering different Vol.% concentrations of CuO-W nanofluid and the outcome are compared with the base fluid (i.e., water). The influence of varying the mass flow rate of the tube side fluid by keeping shell side fluid mass flow rate as constant and vice versa on the thermal performance of shell and tube heat exchanger are studied.FindingsThe modified shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles (STHX_2) give an improved performance. The heat transfer coefficient improved by about 11.28 and 7.54 per cent for 0.02 and 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid compared to water. Overall heat transfer coefficient for STHX_2 enhanced between 118.26% to 123.06% in comparison with base fluid for 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid whereas, it improved between 79.20% to 87.51% for 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid. Similarly, the actual heat transfer enhanced between 71.79% to 77.77% and between 48.71% to 55.55% for 0.02 and 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid, respectively. Moreover, mass flow rates of the working fluids significantly influence the performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger.Originality/valueTwo cases are considered here. first, by varying the shell side fluid mass flow rate and keeping the tube side fluid mass flow rate as constant. Later, tube side fluid mass flow rates are varied and shell side fluid mass flow rate is kept constant. It is found that in Case 2, for both 0.01 and 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid, highest performance is obtained for 150 kg/h of shell side and tube side fluid flows involving STHX_2. Finally, the modified shell and tube heat exchanger with baffle arrangement gives the best performance by using 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid.
Choosy grazers: Influence of plant traits on forage selection by three cattle breeds
Authors: Pauler Caren M. , Isselstein Johannes , Suter Matthias , Berard Joel , Braunbeck Thomas , Schneider Manuel K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Forage selection by herbivores is a major driver of plant diversity in pasture vegetation. Yet, we know relatively little about how plant traits influence decisions of different herbivore species and breeds to select or avoid a certain plant species on semi‐natural pastures.

We quantified the influence of the traits leaf N and P content, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA) and physical defence mechanisms on plant species selection for three cattle breeds: high‐yielding Angus × Holstein crossbreed, dual‐purpose Original Braunvieh and undemanding Highland Cattle. The cattle grazed a series of adjacent paddocks in different alpine pastures. Plant species selection was quantified by assessing the difference in biomass proportions of all plant species in 66 vegetation subplots per breed before and after grazing. Plant traits and indicator values were extracted from the TRY database. Data on 152 plant species were analysed using a local mixed‐effects model and a global multivariate hierarchical regression model.

Plant traits had a clear impact on forage behaviour. Plants with high SLA, leaf N and P contents were significantly selected, whereas plants with high LDMC (e.g. woody plants) and defence mechanisms (e.g. thistles) were generally avoided. Species with high forage quality indicator values as defined by Briemle et al. (2002) were significantly preferred. More importantly, significant differences between forage behaviour of cattle breeds were detected. Selection by less‐productive Highland Cattle was much less influenced by plant traits than the selection by the two higher‐yielding breeds.

Results indicate a clear impact of plant traits on forage selection and demonstrate breed‐specific influences. Highland Cattle (and possibly other robust breeds) graze less selectively and impose less selective exclusion on plants. Thereby, they likely influence plant species composition of pastures in a different way than high‐yielding breeds, thereby creating a distinct habitat.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Sub‐acute toxicological and behavioural effects of two candidate therapeutics, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, for treatment of ESBL producing‐quinolone resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Dhara Lena , Tripathi Anusri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresent study deals with evaluation of antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against both extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing and quinolone resistant (QR) (ESBL‐QR) pathogenic Enterobactericeae along with determination of its in vivo toxicity level in a murine model to investigate their pharmacological potential. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EG) and traditional antibiotics against ESBL‐QR Enterobactericeae. Sub‐acute oral toxicity study (14 days) was carried out in Swiss albino mice to evaluate any toxicological and behavioural effect viz novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and social interaction test of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol demonstrated mode‐MIC of 7.28 and 7.34 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Escherichia coli (32.1%) and 0.91 and 3.67 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates, respectively. For haematological and toxicological analyses, after 14 days of oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.91–10 mg/kg) and eugenol (7.34–70 mg/kg), blood was collected from the murine model, while histological examinations were performed on liver and kidney. There was no alteration in food and water intake among treated animals. Toxicological and behavioural studies displayed good safety profiles of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. The results indicated potential antibacterial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against pathogenic ESBL‐QR Enterobacteriaceae, without any significant toxicological and behavioural effects.
Grazing exclusion altered the effect of plant root diameter on decomposition rates in a semiarid grassland ecosystem, northeastern China
Authors: Luo Yongqing , Ding Jieping , Zhao Xueyong , Li Yuqiang , Lian Jie , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRoot decomposition often decreases with increasing root diameter, but this relationship is affected by other factors, including the microclimate and land use. The mechanisms that underlie these interactions are unclear. We performed anArtemisia halodendronroot decomposition litterbag experiment using fine (<2 mm), medium (2–5 mm) and coarse (>5 mm) roots. We used the same incubation duration (356 days) with five starting dates (May, June, July, October and September) in fenced (grazing exclusion) and grazed plots. Root samples installed in May decomposed faster than those installed in September, and roots decomposed faster in fenced plots than in grazed plots. Root decomposition was the highest for fine roots installed in any month, and medium roots decomposed faster than coarse roots with installation in all the months except May and July. Grazing exclusion and starting incubation time both interacted with root diameter. Root decomposition for a given diameter did not differ significantly between fenced and grazed plots; however, in both land uses, root decomposition decreased significantly with increasing root diameter. Microclimate, especially precipitation, differed among the starting dates, and precipitation patterns (especially in the first growing season) significantly (p < .01) affected coarse root decomposition in the fenced plots. In summary, root decomposition was significantly (p < .01) affected by root diameter. This effect was altered by grazing exclusion and by starting dates. These results highlight the importance of the starting date for root decomposition in a semiarid grassland, suggesting this date should be accounted for in future studies of root decomposition.
Unveiling Modest Femininities: Sexuality, Gender (In)equality and Gender Justice
Authors: Priola Vincenza , Chaudhry Shafaq A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper theorizes the juxtaposition between gender justice and gender equality within Islamic feminism, through the empirical analysis of gender practices in Pakistani banks. Theoretically grounded within Islamic feminism and informed by secular feminism, the paper discusses the findings emerging from two ethnographic studies aimed at exploring the influence of ‘religiously motivated’ patriarchal norms on experiences of gender inequalities in financial institutions in Pakistan. The research reveals that distinct practices and expectations exist in different organizations, specifically in the context of Islamic banks when compared with western banks operating in Pakistan. Gender oppression thus assumes different meanings, as gender norms and sexualities are differently negotiated by women and men in the two banks. While the Islamic bank enforces gender segregation and isolation and limits interaction among the genders according to orthodox Islamic practices, the multinational western bank provides a more equal and integrated work environment, though we observed the exploitation of femininities to pursue business objectives. The discussion further theorizes Islamic feminism by problematizing gender justice and its relation to gender equality in Pakistani workplaces and society.
Advances and Practices on the Research, Prevention and Control of Land Subsidence in Coastal Cities
Authors: YAN Xuexin , YANG Tianliang , XU Yan , TOSI Luigi , STOUTHAMER Esther , ANDREAS Heri , MINDERHOUD Philip , LADAWADEE Anirut , HANSSEN Ramon , ERKENS Gilles , TEATINI Pietro , LIN Jinxin , BONÌ Roberta , CHIMPALEE Jarinya , HUANG Xinlei , Da LIO Cristina , MEISINA Claudia , ZUCCA Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLand subsidence severely threatens most of the coastal plains around the world where high productive industrial and agricultural activities and urban centers are concentrated. Coastal subsidence damages infrastructures and exacerbates the effect of the sea‐level rise at regional scale. Although it is a well‐known process, there is still much more to be improved on the monitoring, mapping and modeling of ground movements, as well as the understanding of controlling mechanisms. The International Geoscience Programme recently approved an international project (IGCP 663) aiming to bring together worldwide researchers to share expertise on subsidence processes typically occurring in coastal areas and cities, including basic research, monitoring and observation, modelling and management. In this paper, we provide the research communities and potential stakeholders with the basic information to join the participating teams in developing this project. Specifically, major advances on coastal subsidence studies and information on well‐known and new case studies of land subsidence in China, Italy, The Netherlands, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand are highlighted and summarized. Meanwhile, the networking, dissemination, annual meeting and field trip are briefly introduced.
Exploratory Data Analysis Applied in Mapping Multi‐element Soil Geochemical Anomalies for Drill Target Definition: A Case Study from the Unpha Layered Non‐magmatic Hydrothermal Pb‐Zn Deposit, DPR Korea
Authors: JANG Gwang‐Hyok , WON Hyon‐Chol , HWANG Bo‐Hyon , CHOI Chol‐Man 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb‐Zn mineralization. A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn, Cu and Pb, related to mineralization, was selected for interpretation. The median + 2MAD (median absolute deviation) method of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and C‐A (concentration‐area) fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance, as defined by Zn, Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi‐element anomalies. As a result, the median + 2MAD method more successfully identified the Pb‐Zn mineralization than the C‐A fractal model. The soil anomaly identified by the median + 2MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements (Zn, Cu and Pb) rather than thirteen elements (Co, Zn, Cu, V, Mo, Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ba, Sr, Zr and Ti) was the more favorable reflection of the ore body. The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb‐Zn ore bodies for validation. The results showed that the median + 2MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb‐Zn mineralization, which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage.
Neoproterozoic Tectonic Events of Egypt
Authors: ABD EL‐WAHED Mohamed , HAMIMI Zakaria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Egyptian Nubian Shield (ENS) represents the northwestern part of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield and the northern extension of the East African Orogen. The ENS is regarded as being formed due to northward‐directed escape tectonics. It is characterized by mild accretion and suture zones dominated by major strike‐slip zones with a commonly sinistral sense of movement; some shear zones display a dextral sense of shear. It is dominated by gneisses and migmatites in the south, arc volcaniclastic metasediments and highly dismembered ophiolites in the central parts, whereas its northern part is dominated by late‐ to post‐tectonic granitoids. In southern Sinai, the Neoproterozoic rocks are grouped into four complexes, namely Feiran–Solaf, Sa'al–Zaghra, Kid and Taba. The ENS ophiolites were formed between 730–750 Ma, mainly in a supra‐subduction zone setting. The ENS has undergone a Neoproterozoic deformation history involving three successive phases: (1) Early N–S shortening phase (D1), (2) Syn‐accretionary phase (D2) and (3) Post‐accretionary phase (D3). The initial island‐arc stage (780–730 Ma) is a N–S shortening phase initiated by collision between the Eastern Desert tectonic terrane to the north with both the Gebeit and Gabgaba terranes to the south (830–720 Ma). During the arc‐splitting and back‐arc spreading stage (730–620), voluminous syn‐tectonic granitoids intruded into the ENS (750–610 Ma). The E–W‐directed compressional/transpressional phase (620–450 Ma) led to the overall uplift of the central part of the ENS and consequently the development and exhumation of the core complexes in oblique convergent zones. The E–W intense shortening deformation resulted also in the formation of NW‐ and NE‐striking sinistral and dextral strike‐slip shear zones, respectively. The latest periods of the E–W‐directed compressional/transpressional regime were characterized by deposition of the molasse‐type Hammamat Sediments unconformably over the Dokhan Volcanics, or interbedded with them. The combined thrusting, folding and sinistral‐reverse shearing structures have been interpreted to resulted from the E–W‐directed compressional/transpressional phase in response to the oblique shortening of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield between East and West Gondwana.
Stress Distribution in the Upper Shihezi Formation from 1D Mechanical Earth Model and 3D Heterogeneous Geomechanical Model, Linxing Region, Eastern Ordos Basin, Central China
Authors: JU Wei , SHEN Jian , QIN Yong , WANG Geoff , XU Ke , LI Guozhang , LI Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Upper Shihezi sedimentary rocks in the Linxing region has been estimated with a significant volume of tight sandstone gas. However, lateral distribution of the present‐day stress magnitude is poorly understood, which limits further gas production. Hence, a one‐dimensional mechanical earth model and a three‐dimensional heterogeneous geomechanical model are built to address this issue. The results indicate that the strike‐slip stress regime is dominant in the Upper Shihezi Formation. Relatively low stresses are mainly located around wells L‐60, L‐22, L‐40, L‐90, etc, and stress distributions exhibit the similarity in the Members H2 and H4. The differential stresses are relatively low in the Upper Shihezi Formation, suggesting that complex hydraulic fracture networks may be produced. Natural fractures in the Upper Shihezi Formation contribute little to the overall gas production in the Linxing region. In addition, the minimum principal stress gradient increases with Young's modulus, suggesting that the stiffer rocks commonly convey higher stress magnitudes. There is a strong interplay between stress distribution and heterogeneity in rock mechanics. Overall, the relative error between the predicted and measured results is less than 10%, implying that the predicted stress distribution is reliable and can be used for subsequent analysis in the Linxing region.
Assessment of serum cytokines predicts clinical and endoscopic outcomes to vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Baglietto Laura , Antonioli Luca , Fornai Matteo , Tapete Gherardo , Albano Eleonora , Ceccarelli Linda , Mumolo Maria Gloria , Pellegrini Carolina , Lucenteforte Ersilia , de Bortoli Nicola , Bellini Massimo , Marchi Santino , Blandizzi Corrado , Costa Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AimsVedolizumab (VDZ) prevents migration of activated leucocytes into inflamed mucosa. This study aimed to assess the patterns of serum cytokines in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients at baseline and during VDZ treatment, and to investigate their association with mucosal healing and clinical remission.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive UC patients eligible for treatment with VDZ. A panel of serum cytokines were measured by fluorescence assay at weeks 0, 6 and 22. Colonoscopy was performed at baseline and week 54, to evaluate mucosal healing. The time trends of serum cytokines were analysed by log‐linear mixed effect models, and their prognostic accuracy was evaluated by logistic regression.ResultsOut of 27 patients included in the analysis, at week 54 mucosal healing was achieved in 12 (44%) and clinical remission in 17 (63%). Mucosal healing was associated with higher interleukin (IL)‐8 values at baseline and with significant decrease in IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels over the first 6 weeks. A significant reduction of IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels over the first 6 weeks of treatment was associated also with clinical remission. Logistic models including, among the predictors, IL‐6 and IL‐8 at baseline and their changes over the first 6 weeks of treatment had 83% sensitivity and 87% specificity to predict mucosal healing, and 82% sensitivity and 90% specificity to predict clinical remission.ConclusionIn UC patients, the serum patterns of IL‐6 and IL‐8 at baseline and over the first 6 weeks of treatment with VDZ could be useful to predict therapeutic outcome.
Managing venous thromboembolic risk in women undergoing spontaneous or induced early pregnancy loss: a consensus statement from the British Society of Haematology Obstetric Haematology Special Interest Group
Authors: Bagot Catherine N. , Pavord Sue , Hunt Beverley J. ,   the British Society of Haematology Obstetric Haematology Special Interest Group
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe level of venous thrombosis risk in women who experience spontaneous or induced pregnancy loss has previously been uncertain. However, recent data indicate that the risk of venous thrombosis in women undergoing pregnancy termination in the first trimester is increased two‐fold compared to non‐pregnant women but reduced five‐fold compared to women in the 6 weeks following a term birth. The termination procedure itself appears not to influence thrombosis risk. In light of this data, this consensus statement provides recommendations for reducing the risk of venous thrombosis in women undergoing spontaneous or induced pregnancy loss based on Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists risk stratification guidelines.
Foreign direct investment in vertically related markets
Authors: Milliou Chrysovalantou , Pavlou Apostolis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study an MNE's choice of FDI mode in a vertically related market with local input sourcing. We show how the market's vertical structure and trading features affect this choice. An MNE's incentives to expand through cross‐border acquisition rather than through greenfield investment are stronger in markets with higher upstream bargaining power, upstream concentration and unobservable contract terms. The opposite holds in markets in which wholesale price contracts, instead of two‐part tariffs, are used. Our welfare analysis suggests that the host country should not always welcome FDI and should discourage FDI through acquisition.
Economic impacts of alternative kidney transplant immunosuppression: A national cohort study
Authors: Axelrod David A. , Caliskan Yasar , Schnitzler Mark A. , Xiao Huiling , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Brennan Daniel C. , Randall Henry , Alhamad Tarek , Kasiske Bertram L. , Hess Gregory , Lentine Krista L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the economic implications of induction and maintenance immunosuppression (ISx) is important in developing personalized kidney transplant (KTx) care. Using data from a novel integrated data set including financial records from the University Health System Consortium, Medicare, and pharmacy claims (2007‐2014), we estimated the differences in the impact of induction and maintenance ISx regimens on transplant hospitalization costs and Medicare payments from KTx to 3 years. Use of thymoglobulin (TMG) significantly increased transplant hospitalization costs ($12 006; P = .02), compared with alemtuzumab and basiliximab. TMG resulted in lower Medicare payments in posttransplant years 1 (−$2058; P = .05) and 2 (−$1784; P = .048). Patients on steroid‐sparing ISx incurred relatively lower total Medicare spending (−$10 880; P = .01) compared with patients on triple therapy (tacrolimus, antimetabolite, and steroids). MPA/AZA‐sparing, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors‐based, and cyclosporine‐based maintenance ISx regimens were associated with significantly higher payments. Alternative ISx regimens were associated with different KTx hospitalization costs and longer‐term payments. Future studies of clinical efficacy should also consider cost impacts to define the economic effectiveness of alternative ISx regimens.