bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher psychogeriatric admissions in COVID‐19 than in severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Lee Allen T. C. , Mo Flora Y. M. , Lam Linda C. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether psychogeriatric admissions increased after COVID‐19, independent of seasonal variation; whether the increase was comparable with that seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); and which factors were associated with such increase.MethodsAll psychiatric admissions aged 65 or older in the 3 months before and after COVID‐19 (from November 2019 to April 2020), in the previous 2 years (from November 2017 to April 2018 and from November 2018 to April 2019), and in the year of SARS (from November 2002 to April 2003) in a major gazette inpatient psychiatric unit in Hong Kong, which serves a catchment population of 1.4 million, were anonymously reviewed. The number of psychogeriatric admissions between different timeframes was compared, and factors that might explain the increase in admissions following COVID‐19 were examined.ResultsPsychogeriatric admissions increased by 21.4% following the COVID‐19 outbreak. This increase was not explained by seasonal variation and was greater and lasted longer than that in SARS. A rising trend in admissions for older adults living in residential care homes was observed. The increase in admissions was associated with fewer outpatient attendance, fewer home visits by nurses, and more older adults with dementia requiring inpatient care.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the impact of COVID‐19 on older adults' mental health, greater demand for inpatient psychogeriatric services in COVID‐19 than in SARS, and the importance of maintaining support for community‐living older adults, in particular those with dementia, and their caregivers in reducing the needs for inpatient psychiatric treatment during the pandemic.Clinicaltrials.gov # ChiCTR2000033317
Consolidated framework for advancing implementation science for the implementation process and adherence assessment of a non‐pharmacological delirium prevention program
Authors: Garrido Maricel A. , Alvarez Evelyn A. , Ponce Daniela P. , Salech Felipe , Tobar Daniel I. , Tobar Eduardo A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of applying the theoretical framework of implementation science for adherence to non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium.MethodsA quasi‐experimental prospective design was conducted from March 2017 to October 2018 in a teaching hospital. Participants included 149 healthcare staff and 72 elderly inpatients. A non‐pharmacological delirium prevention program was designed, applied and evaluated in accordance with the consolidated framework for advancing implementation research (CFIR). The primary outcome was the global adherence rate to 12 predefined indicators, comparing measurements at baseline (O1), after training (O2) and at a 6‐month follow‐up (O3) assessed by an external reviewer. Staff knowledge and beliefs about delirium were assessed using a validated tool, and delirium incidence was evaluated using the confusion assessment method.ResultsOverall adherence increased from 58.2% (O1) to 77.9% (O2) and 75.6% (O3) (O2 vs. O1: p < 0.001 and O3 vs. O1: p < 0.001). Staff perceptions regarding implementation of non‐pharmacological interventions increased from 74.8% to 81.9% (p = 0.004). Delirium incidence was non‐significantly reduced from 20% (O1) to 16% (O3) (p = 0.99).ConclusionsImplementation of a delirium prevention program using a CFIR model was useful in improving adherence to activities included in this program, as well as improving the knowledge and beliefs regarding delirium by healthcare workers. The impact of this implementation strategy on the incidence of delirium should be evaluated in a larger scale multicenter trial.
Theoretical predictions on pentaerythritol tetranitrate‐based high energy density compounds
Authors: Lu Meng , Zhu Weihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel family of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) derivatives based parent PETN skeleton were designed by introducing two energetic groups –NF2 and –NO2. Their electronic structure, heats of formation, detonation properties, impact sensitivity, and thermal stability were investigated by using density functional theory. The findings reveal that most of the title compounds have good detonation performance. The –NF2 group played an important role in improving the densities, heats of detonation, and detonation properties of the designed molecules. The values of h50 for almost all the PETN derivatives are higher than that of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine. An analysis of bond dissociation energy suggests that the N‐NO2 bond tends to be a trigger bond in thermal decomposition. Taking both detonation properties and thermal stabilities into consideration, the three compounds may be selected as potential high‐energy‐density compounds.
Numerical modeling of two microwave sensors for biomedical applications
Authors: Bao Xiue , Crupi Giovanni , Ocket Ilja , Bao Juncheng , Ceyssens Frederik , Kraft Michael , Nauwelaers Bart , Schreurs Dominique 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this invited paper is to give readers a critical and comprehensive overview on how to extract dielectric properties of a bioliquid within a broad frequency range. Two sensors are used in the paper to characterize saline solutions by measuring the broadband complex permittivity. The two sensors are based on transmission line and interdigital electrodes designed for low‐ and high‐ frequency measurements, respectively, on the basis of the coplanar waveguide structure due to its convenience of fabrication and integration with microfluidic structures for liquid measurements. Different from traditional work where the finite element simulation method is used, the characterization theories of the two sensors are built based on a numerical modeling procedure, which can dramatically increase the device design efficiency, taking just a few seconds. Differently from the finite element method, the proposed numerical analysis utilizes a conformal mapping technique for both sensors. The characterization theories of the two sensors are validated by measuring de‐ionized water. The platform is finally used to measure 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L saline solutions within a broadband frequency range going from 10 up to 50 GHz, with the repeatability error within 5%.
Surgical Implantation of Acoustic Tags in American Shad to Resolve Riverine and Marine Restoration Challenges
Authors: Gahagan Benjamin I. , Bailey Michael M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A variety of data needs challenge the successful restoration and management of alosine populations, including information on the migration, mortality, behavior, demographic rates, and distribution of fish, both in riverine and marine environments. Radiotelemetry with gastric-implanted transmitters has typically been used to answer some of these questions; however, observing alosines over extended periods and in the marine environment has remained beyond the limitations of this technology and implantation technique. To address these issues, we conducted an acoustic telemetry study on American Shad Alosa sapidissima by using surgical implantation methods. We tagged fish during 2015 (n =46) and 2016 (n =52) in the Charles River, Massachusetts, an urbanized watershed where American Shad were believed to be extirpated prior to restoration efforts beginning in 2006. Surgical implantation produced rates of in-river mortality (40% overall) and posttagging fallback (39% overall) that were comparable to those from traditionally used gastric implantation methods. Data from American Shad that were retained for statistical analyses (n =59) demonstrated that Watertown Dam (at river kilometer 14.3) impeded upstream migration and that New Boston Dam and Locks (at the mouth of the river) delayed postspawn emigration from the river. In total, 49 American Shad were detected outside of the Charles River. The distribution and low number of total detections, despite a large number of nearshore arrays, suggest that American Shad occupy waters farther offshore during their marine phase. American Shad were detected as overwintering on the Scotian Shelf (n =5) and the Mid-Atlantic Bight (n =1). In 2017, 10 of the individuals that were tagged in 2016 returned to spawn, providing the first reported data on total migration timing and migratory behavior free of handling effects. Surgical implantation of acoustic telemetry tags is an effective method that can provide necessary and previously unattainable data on a species of conservation need.
Novel variants in POLH and TREM2 genes associated with a complex phenotype of xeroderma pigmentosum variant type and early‐onset dementia
Authors: Soares Izadora Fonseca Zaiden , Christofolini Denise Maria , Silva Lis Gomes , Feder David , de Siqueira Carvalho Alzira Alves 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the genes involved in repairing DNA damaged by ultraviolet radiation. These defects lead to a propensity to develop skin cancer at early ages as a hallmark, and progressive neurological degeneration can be observed in around 25% of patients. Eight clinically heterogeneous groups have been identified so far (XPA to XPG and XPV). Xeroderma pigmentosum variant type (XPV) is associated with pathogenic variants in POLH on chromosome 6, and no neurological dysfunction has been seen in these cases. However, on the same chromosome, it has been shown that TREM2 is associated with some types of dementia, particularly in patients with a behavioral variant frontotemporal phenotype.MethodsGene mutational analysis was performed by whole‐exome sequencing.ResultsWe report a case of a Caucasian woman with XP that developed behavioral and cognitive impairment at age 37. Whole‐exome sequencing identified novel homozygous variants in POLH c.638C>G (p.Ser213*) and TREM2 c.154C>T (p.Arg52Cys), classifying the patient as XPV and suggesting that her frontotemporal dementia phenotype could be related to the variant in TREM2.ConclusionThis paper describes a rare case of a patient with two novel variants in the same chromosome associated with XPV and early‐onset dementia.
Influence of phosphate concentration on amine, amide, and hydroxyl CEST contrast
Authors: Yao Jingwen , Wang Chencai , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of phosphate on amine, amide, and hydroxyl CEST contrast using Bloch‐McConnell simulations applied to physical phantom data.MethodsPhantom solutions of 4 representative metabolites with exchangeable protons—glycine (α‐amine protons), Cr (η‐amine protons), egg white protein (amide protons), and glucose (hydroxyl protons)—were prepared at different pH levels (5.6 to 8.9) and phosphate concentrations (5 to 80 mM). CEST images of the phantom were collected with CEST‐EPI sequence at 3 tesla. The CEST data were then fitted to full Bloch‐McConnell equation simulations to estimate the exchange rate constants. With the fitted parameters, simulations were performed to evaluate the intracellular and extracellular contributions of CEST signals in normal brain tissue and brain tumors, as well as in dynamic glucose‐enhanced experiments.ResultsThe exchange rates of α‐amine and hydroxyl protons were found to be highly dependent on both pH and phosphate concentrations, whereas the exchange rates of η‐amine and amide protons were pH‐dependent, albeit not catalyzed by phosphate. With phosphate being predominantly intracellular, CEST contrast of α‐amine exhibited a higher sensitivity to changes in the extracellular microenvironment. Simulations of dynamic glucose‐enhanced signals demonstrated that the contrast between normal and tumor tissue was mostly due to the extracellular CEST effect.ConclusionThe proton exchange rates in some metabolites can be greatly catalyzed by the presence of phosphate at physiological concentrations, which substantially alters the CEST contrast. Catalytic agents should be considered as confounding factors in future CEST‐MRI research. This new dimension may also benefit the development of novel phosphate‐sensitive imaging methods.
Fusing acceleration and saturation techniques with wave amplitude labeling of time‐shifted zeniths MR elastography
Authors: Wang Hui , Pednekar Amol , Tkach Jean A. , Bridgewater Kaley R. , Trout Andrew T. , Dillman Jonathan R. , Dumoulin Charles L. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo design a new 2D gradient recalled echo MR elastography (MRE) pulse sequence with inflow saturation for measuring liver stiffness in half the breath‐hold time compared to standard of care (SC) 2D GRE MRE sequences.MethodsFASTWALTZ (fusing acceleration and saturation techniques with wave amplitude labeling of time‐shifted zeniths) MRE employs an interleaved dual TR strategy with wave amplitude labeling and compressed SENSE undersampling to reduce breath‐hold time while incorporating inflow saturation to suppress flow artifacts. The sequence was implemented and compared with SC MRE both in phantoms and in vivo in 5 asymptomatic volunteers. Stiffness values, region of interest size, and breath‐hold times were compared between sequences.ResultsStiffness values were comparable between FASTWALTZ and SC MRE for both phantoms and in‐vivo data. In volunteers, the group mean stiffness values at 60 Hz and region of interest size were 1.96 ± 0.30 kilopascals and 2279 ± 516 mm2 for SC MRE, and 1.95 ± 0.29 kilopascals and 2061 ± 464 mm2 for FASTWALTZ. Breath‐hold duration for FASTWALTZ was 6.3 s compared to 13.3 s for SC MRE.ConclusionFASTWALTZ provides comparable stiffness values in half the breath‐hold time compared to SC MRE and may have clinical benefits in patients with limited breath‐holding capacity.
Blood oxygenation level‐dependent cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the skeletal muscle in healthy adults: Different paradigms for provoking signal alterations
Authors: Suo Shiteng , Tang Hui , Lu Qing , Zhang Lan , Ni Qihong , Cao Mengqiu , Chen Zengai , Zhao Huilin , Sun Beibei , Xu Jianrong 
Published: September 2020

PurposeStress blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) cardiovascular magnetic resonance allows for quantitative evaluation of blood flow reserve in skeletal muscles. This study aimed to prospectively compare three commonly used skeletal BOLD cardiovascular magnetic resonance paradigms in healthy adults: gas inhalation, cuff compression‐induced ischemia and postocclusive reactive hyperemia, and exercise.MethodsTwelve young (22 ± 0.9 years) and 10 elderly (58 ± 5.0 years) healthy subjects underwent BOLD cardiovascular magnetic resonance under the three paradigms. signal intensity time curves were generated and quantitative parameters were calculated. Meanwhile, stress transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements were obtained as comparison. Measurement reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. Differences in the BOLD variation, the correlation with transcutaneous oxygen pressure, and the age‐related change between paradigms were statistically analyzed.ResultsMinimum ischemic value and maximum hyperemic peak value showed the highest interobserver and interscan reproducibilities (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.90). The plantar dorsiflexion exercise paradigm elicited the largest BOLD variation (15.48% ± 10.56%), followed by ischemia (8.30% ± 6.33%). Negligible to weak changes were observed during gas inhalation. Correlations with transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements were found in the ischemic phase (r = 0.966; P < .001) and in the postexercise phase (r = −0.936; P < .001). Minimum ischemic value, maximum hyperemic peak value, maximum postexercise value, and slope of postexercise signal decay showed significant differences between young and elderly subjects (P < .01).ConclusionIschemia and reactive hyperemia have superior reproducibility, and exercise could induce the largest variation. Key parameters from the two paradigms show age‐related differences.
Separation of fluid and solid shear wave fields and quantification of coupling density by magnetic resonance poroelastography
Authors: Lilaj Ledia , Fischer Thomas , Guo Jing , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Hirsch Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

PurposeBiological soft tissues often have a porous architecture comprising fluid and solid compartments. Upon displacement through physiological or externally induced motion, the relative motion of these compartments depends on poroelastic parameters, such as coupling density () and tissue porosity. This study introduces inversion recovery MR elastography (IR‐MRE) (1) to quantify porosity defined as fluid volume over total volume, (2) to separate externally induced shear strain fields of fluid and solid compartments, and (3) to quantify coupling density assuming a biphasic behavior of in vivo brain tissue.Theory and MethodsPorosity was measured in eight tofu phantoms and gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of 21 healthy volunteers. Porosity of tofu was compared to values obtained by fluid draining and microscopy. Solid and fluid shear‐strain amplitudes and were estimated both in phantoms and in in vivo brain.ResultsT1‐based measurement of tofu porosity agreed well with reference values (R = 0.99, P < .01). Brain tissue porosity was 0.14 ± 0.02 in GM and 0.05 ± 0.01 in WM (P < .001). Fluid shear strain was found to be phase‐locked with solid shear strain but had lower amplitudes in both tofu phantoms and brain tissue (P < .05). In accordance with theory, tofu and brain were negative.ConclusionIR‐MRE allowed for the first time separation of shear strain fields of solid and fluid compartments for measuring coupling density according to the biphasic theory of poroelasticity. Thus, IR‐MRE opens horizons for poroelastography‐derived imaging markers that can be used in basic research and diagnostic applications.
Two‐layer model of equipment fault propagation in manufacturing system
Authors: Hou Zhi , Yu Zhonghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEquipment fault is a major factor that affects the reliability of manufacturing systems. Fault source identification and propagation path search are primary means to reduce and eliminate equipment faults. To this end, this paper proposed a two‐layer model of equipment fault propagation in a manufacturing system. One layer, modeled by a small‐world network, is a network of parts for a single equipment device. The other, represented by the production relationships of the manufacturing process, is a network of equipment devices for a manufacturing system. Hence, the propagation path of an equipment fault is divided into physical propagation inside a single equipment device and flow propagation within the manufacturing process. The intensity of physical propagation is given by the product of the fault load and the propagation probability between fault nodes within a single equipment device, whereas the flow propagation intensity is equivalent to the yield loss of the manufacturing system due to equipment fault. Therefore, the total intensity of fault propagation in a manufacturing system is given by the product of these two intensities. Subsequently, the ant colony algorithm is used to find the propagation paths with the maximum intensity. Finally, the proposed method is verified using an example of a camshaft manufacturing system.
Predicting the Cardiac Troponin I (cTnl) Aptamer/Methylene Blue Configuration Using Computational Modeling Studies: A Screening Search Method for Constructing Aptasensors
Authors: Mokhtari Zaynab , Khajehsharifi Habibollah , Hashemnia Sedigheh , Shahrokhian Saeed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of mortality, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the gold standard for AMI diagnosis. Some aptamers have been reported to detect cTnI, but there is rarely any structural information on their binding with cTnI. There are many studies involving electrochemical aptasensors with methylene blue (MB) as a redox indicator that does not provide any significant new information. Our study, however, involves the computational modeling of the complexes of a documented 40‐mer ssDNA‐cTnI aptamer with its target and MB. Here, MB was used as a model system to investigate the rather complex interaction modes between small redox molecules and a cTnI‐aptamer. Understanding these modes is an important facet in designing electrochemical aptasensors to ascertain the effectiveness of a redox indicator. In our study, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) were used to provide information on the stability, fluctuations, and interaction analysis of the complexes. Based on computational evaluations, we understand how the structure of the cTnI‐aptamer steers the MB releasing after inducing cTnI. In order to evaluate the sensing performance of the cTnI‐aptamer in the presence of MB experimentally, after covalent immobilization of the 5‐amino terminated cTnI‐aptamer at a pre‐functionalized carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotube (COOH‐MWCNT) glassy carbon electrode, some techniques including spectroscopy and voltammetry were employed.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Separation‐Free Extraction Media for Hydroxytyrosol from Olives
Authors: Liang Yihong , Pan Zuchen , Chen Zhengjian , Fei Yuqing , Zhang Jiliang , Yuan Jumao , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA range of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as separation‐free media were applied as extraction solvents in combination with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) for the extraction of hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits. Following the investigation of 7 different NADESs, a tailor‐made DES composed of malic acid and betaine (BeMa) in a 1 : 1 molar ratio was screened for its efficiency. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to test the content of hydroxytyrosol in the extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD) was used for the experimental design. The optimum extraction efficiency was obtained using a 1 : 20 sample: solvent mass/volume ratio upon sonication for 33.65 min in an aqueous solution containing 42.13 % (w/v) DES at 43.86 °C. In addition, the zebrafish embryo toxicity test showed that the selected DES exhibited essentially no biotoxicity, while BeMa was found to increase the antibacterial ability of the target subject. Our results indicated that NADESs are promising as green and safe solvents for the extraction and analysis of active substances from natural plants.
CuII Anchored onto the Magnetic Talc: A New Magnetic Nanostructured Catalyst for the One‐Pot Gram‐Scale Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Chalaki Samaneh B. , Akhlaghinia Batool 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study CuII anchored onto the magnetic talc (γ‐Fe2O3/ talc /CuII NPs) was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, TEM, FE‐SEM, EDX, VSM, and ICP‐OES techniques. Structural characterizations reveal that the γ‐Fe2O3/talc/CuII NPs are superparamagnetic in nature, structured as a composite with average diameter of about 19–31 nm. The prepared nanostructured catalyst efficiently catalyzed the preparation of 1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b] phthalazine‐5,10‐diones at the gram scale without the use of the toxic organic solvents. The magnetically separable and environmentally friendly nanostructured catalyst remains quite stable during reaction conditions and reused for at least five recycle runs.
Novel Bile Acid Based 1,2,3‐Triazole Receptors for Recognition of Acetate and Dihydrogen Phosphate Ions
Authors: K. Muwal Pradeep , Mishra Roli , Pandey Pramod S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel bile acid‐based receptors having 1,2,3‐triazolium and 1,2,3‐triazole moieties have been synthesized using click chemistry. These receptors show high binding affinity and selectivity for acetate ion in solution. Interestingly, the 1,2,3‐triazolium receptor shows precipitation behaviour with dihydrogen phosphate ion.