bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Love and Strife
Authors: Nicolaides Demetris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Empedocles managed to reconcile the antinomies between the Heraclitean becoming (the constant change) and the Parmenidean Being (the constancy) by introducing four unchangeable primary substances of matter: earth, water, air, and fire, later called elements, and two types of forces, love and strife. Change was produced when the opposite action of the forces mixed and separated the unchangeable elements in many different ways, an idea in basic agreement with modern chemistry or, more fundamentally, with the standard model of particle physics. Everlasting cosmological cycles, described in his unique cosmology, could have addressed successfully the deceptively simple question, Why is the sky dark at night? (known as Olbers’s paradox), before the cosmology of the big bang had it figured out in the twentieth century. Four primary substances of matter for Empedocles, but infinitely many for the mind of Anaxagoras, and everything is in everything.
In Everything Is Everything
Authors: Nicolaides Demetris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Anaxagoras proposed “in everything there is a portion of everything,” a notion as bizarre as the most popular interpretation of quantum theory, the Copenhagen. A piece of gold, say, contains gold as well as everything else—copper, wheat—but appears as a distinct golden object because its gold portion is the greatest. But no part of the object is pure. Every part of the golden object is also simultaneously watery, milky (and all other materials), and black and white (and all opposite qualities). In the Copenhagen interpretation, before an observation, something (an electron, Schrödinger’s cat) is all opposite qualities simultaneously, too, with each quality described by a unique probability (“portion”) to actually occur. The cat is both dead and alive; the electron spins simultaneously both clockwise and counterclockwise. Only after the observation, the cat is found either dead or alive, and the object, as Anaxagoras would say, definitely golden, yellow, and dry.
Atoms of Space and Time
Authors: Nicolaides Demetris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Epicurus argued that the Democritean atoms couldn’t move, unless space, time, and motion were radically reimagined. In addition to material atoms (smallest cuts of matter), there exist space “atoms” (smallest spatial expanses) and time “atoms” (smallest time intervals)! Also, he thought an atom’s motion is quantum! It moves from here to there without passing through the points in between—exactly the meaning of a quantum jump in quantum physics (presuming motion does occur). An atom spontaneously swerves (creating uncertainty in its whereabouts), a feature added by Epicurus in a first-ever attempt to escape Democritean determinism and subject human free will to a scientific hypothesis. Space atoms are required by loop quantum gravity (which unifies quantum theory with general relativity). The cause of the most consequential premise of quantum mechanics—the Heisenberg uncertainty principle—will be cautiously speculated with an original idea, using the Epicurean theory of space, time, and motion.
Social Distance
Authors: Skarbek David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 looks at the special housing unit for gay and transgender prisoners in the Los Angeles County Jail. This unit houses a small population, and many of the residents know each other from interacting on the street. In addition, because of an unusual and controversial admissions process, prisoners in this unit are far more likely to share more similar social identities. This chapter shows that as a result of all three factors, decentralized governance mechanisms are highly effective in this housing unit. Prisoners have not relied on the more extensive, centralized institutions that men in the general population housing units rely on. Instead, they use gossip and ostracism to encourage good behavior from other prisoners.
Introduction
Authors: Numan Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The introduction provides a brief overview of the book, describing its three major themes: (a) the mechanisms through which the brain regulates parental behavior in nonhuman mammals and parental cognitions, emotions, and behavior in humans; (b) the experiential and genetic factors that affect the development of the parental brain, with a focus on the intergenerational continuity of normal and abnormal parental behavior; and (c) an evolutionary perspective based on the fact that maternal behavior is the most basic mammalian caregiving system. It is proposed that the parental brain served as a foundation upon which natural selection acted to result in the evolution of other forms of strong prosocial behaviors in mammals, including humans.
The Indeterminacy of Rawls’s Principles for Gender Justice
Authors: Costa M. Victoria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Feminists disagree about whether or not Rawls’s account of free and equal citizenship is an emancipatory ideal for women, and whether or not the application of the two principles of justice would suffice to dismantle relationships of domination that affect women’s lives. This chapter argues that there is no clear and uncontroversial application of Rawls’s principles of justice that supports those feminists who give affirmative answers to these questions. Regarding the first principle, one unsettled question is whether it protects sexual and reproductive rights, including the right to abortion. Regarding the second principle, there is indeterminacy due to the need to balance the requirements of fair equality of opportunity with parental rights. Moreover, the difference principle’s focus on the maximization of income and wealth for the worst off makes room for policies that do this while still leaving some women exposed to the arbitrary power of others.
Introduction
Authors: Lageson Sarah Esther 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Data-driven criminal justice creates millions of records each year in the United States. Documenting everything from a police stop to a prison sentence, these records take on a digital life of their own as they are collected and posted by police, courts, and prisons, and then re-posted on social media and websites, and bought and sold by data brokers as an increasingly valuable data commodity. The result is “digital punishment,” where mere suspicion or a brush with the law can have lasting consequences. This analysis describes the transformation of criminal records into millions of data points, the commodification of this data into a valuable digital resource, and the impact of this shift on people, society, and public policy. The consequences of digital punishment, as described in hundreds of interviews detailed in this book, lead people to purposefully opt out of society as they cope with privacy and due process violations.
The Digital Turn
Authors: Lageson Sarah Esther 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed a digital turn in criminal justice processing that has contributed to the creation and dissemination of millions of criminal records per year, impacting both criminal justice workers and those processed by the system. Current US law has allowed for the public dissemination of these records, emphasizing free speech and transparency over other competing values, such as due process, privacy, or liberty. The turn toward digital disclosure of criminal justice information has outpaced thoughtful discussions about balancing privacy rights and the notion of public interest that the courts have developed during the past century. It is certainly in the public interest to have access to the workings of the police, courts, and prisons—it is a fundamental way that citizens can keep an eye on these powerful institutions. However, these core transparency values are being used for a different, entrepreneurial purpose since criminal records have become a commodified good.
Selling Records
Authors: Lageson Sarah Esther 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Third-party data brokers collate and synthesize governmental information, create markets of criminal record consumers, and sell criminal record data as commodity. These companies contribute to digital punishment through delivering consumer-friendly alternatives to bureaucratic governmental sources of data. These databases are populated into web search results and downloadable reports and then sold to an anxious public, made ever more anxious by creative marketing tactics. At the same time, these companies embrace the glossy, self-assured culture of tech start-ups to further convince the public that not only do they have extremely important information but also they have the best means of delivering it.
Conclusion
Authors: Lageson Sarah Esther 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the digitally connected world, people are confronted with an incredible array of information about one another. The US criminal justice system has become a central source for the data people use to make moral judgments about one another. This overreliance on the criminal justice system as a means to assess the value of other people should be replaced by rigorously questioning the information this system provides. Given the power of a criminal record to dictate the path of a person’s life, serious doubts must be raised about the accuracy and integrity of the information. It must be asked how much a criminal record reflects a person and how much it reflects a very imperfect system.
Parenting for a Digital Future
Authors: Livingstone Sonia , Blum-Ross Alicia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by the fact that they are living through a period of unprecedented digital innovation. Drawing on extensive research with parents both rich and poor, parenting toddlers to teenagers, this book reveals how digital technologies give parenting struggles a distinctive character, as parents determine how to forge new territory with little precedent, or support. It argues that, in late modernity, parents are both more burdened with responsibilities and yet increasingly charged with respecting and developing the agency of their child—leaving much to be negotiated. The book charts how parents enact authority and values through digital technologies—as “screen time,” videogames, and social media become ways of both being together and of setting boundaries, with digital technologies introducing valued opportunities and new sources of risk. To light their way, parents comb through the hazy memories of their own childhoods and look toward hard-to-imagine futures. This results in deeply diverse parenting in the present, as parents move between embracing, resisting, or balancing the role of technology in their own and their children’s lives. This book moves beyond the panicky headlines to offer a deeply researched exploration of what it means to parent in a period of significant social and technological change. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research in the United Kingdom, the book offers conclusions and insights relevant to parents, policymakers, educators, and researchers everywhere.
Family Life in the Digital Age
Authors: Rocca Della 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The frame of a single day is used to reveal the multiple ways in which parents move between and among the genres of digital parenting within the day. Through negotiating the now-mediated activities of getting up, homework, family time, and bedtime, parents articulate their values not only about digital technologies but also, importantly, about family life. The authors contrast public policy that, problematically, exhorts parents to police their children’s “screen time” with parents’ efforts to sustain a more democratic mode of family life that respects their and their children’s interests in digital technologies. Eschewing the myth of parents as unremittingly digitally ignorant, this chapter reveals how their own interest in and hopes for digital technologies lead them to seek new modes of parenting, surprisingly often focused on shared digital pleasures.
Call Your "Mutha'"
Authors: Caputi Jane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The proposed new geological era, The Anthropocene (a.k.a. Age of Humans, Age of Man), marking human domination of the planet long called Mother Earth, is truly The Age of the Motherfucker. The ecocide of the Anthropocene is the responsibility of Man, the Western- and masculine-identified corporate, military, intellectual, and political class that masks itself as the exemplar of the civilized and the human. The word motherfucker was invented by the enslaved children of White slave masters to name their mothers’ rapist/owners. Man’s strategic motherfucking, from the personal to the planetary, is invasion, exploitation, spirit-breaking, extraction and toxic wasting of individuals, communities, and lands, for reasons of pleasure, plunder, and profit. Ecocide is attempted deicide of Mother Nature-Earth, reflecting Man’s goal to become the god he first made in his own image. The motivational word Motherfucker has a flip side, further revealing the Anthropocene as it signifies an outstanding, formidable, and inexorable force. Mother Nature-Earth is that “Mutha’ ”—one defying translation into heteropatriarchal classifications of gender, one capable of overwhelming Man, and not the other way around. Drawing upon Indigenous and African American scholarship; ecofeminism; ecowomanism; green activism; femme, queer, and gender non-binary philosophies; literature and arts; Afrofuturism; and popular culture, Call Your “Mutha’ ” contends that the Anthropocene is not evidence of Man’s supremacy over nature, but that Mother Nature-Earth, faced with disrespect, is going away. It is imperative now to call the “Mutha’ ” by decolonizing land, bodies, and minds, ending rapism, feeding the green, renewing sustaining patterns, and affirming devotion to Mother Nature-Earth.
Ballet Class
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Surveying American ballet in 1913, Willa Cather reported that few girls expressed any interest in taking ballet class and that those who did were hard-pressed to find anything other than dingy studios and imperious teachers. A century later, ballet is everywhere. There are ballet companies across the United States; ballet is commonly featured in film, television, literature, and social media; professional ballet dancers are spokespeople for all kinds of products; nail polish companies market colors like “Ballet Slippers”; and, most importantly, millions of American children have taken ballet class. Beginning with the arrival of Russian dancers like Anna Pavlova in the early 1900s, Ballet Class: An American History explores the growth of ballet from an ancillary part of nineteenth-century musical theater, opera, and vaudeville to the quintessential extracurricular activity it is today, pursued by countless children nationwide and an integral part of twentieth-century American childhood across borders of gender, class, race, and sexuality. A social history, Ballet Class takes a new approach to ballet and helps ground an art form often perceived to be elite in the experiences of everyday people who spent time in barre-lined studios. Drawing on materials including children’s books, memoirs by professional dancers and choreographers, pedagogy manuals, dance periodicals, archival collections, and oral histories, this pathbreaking study provides a national perspective on the history and significance of recreational ballet class in the United States and its influence on many facets of children’s lives, including gender norms, consumerism, body image, children’s literature, extracurricular activities, and popular culture.
Brought to You by the Ford Foundation
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The post–World War II era saw an explosion in ballet class as more young people than ever engaged in extracurricular activities. George Balanchine, founder of the School of American Ballet (1934) and the New York City Ballet (1948), exerted an outsize impact on the expansion of ballet in the United States, training teachers and investigating ballet class across the country. The Ford Foundation grants of 1963 cemented Balanchine’s centrality to American ballet by providing extraordinary funding to a number of ballet schools and companies within his orbit. These grants, while opposed by some cultural critics and members of the modern dance community, raised the standard of ballet class in America and also set the tone for the dance boom of the 1960s and 1970s. During the dance boom the number of ballet studios and companies grew sharply, capitalizing on great public interest in dance classes and performances.
Rights
Authors: Garvey Stephen P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter uses two well-known Supreme Court cases—Powell v. Texas and Morissette v. United States—to frame the subsequent discussion. It offers the reasonable doubt test as a way for each citizen to decide for himself if a proposed limit on democratic authority is a legitimate limit. It introduces formulations of the actus reus and mens rea meant to pass that test, such that they can serve as immunity rights limiting the authority of a democratic states to ascribe guilt to those accused of crimes. It distinguishes actus reus and mens rea as they are conventionally understood (as tools lawyers use to analyze and dissect the elements of criminal statute) from how they will be understood here (as immunity rights). It explains how actus reus and mens rea so understood mean one thing when applied to defendants who realized they were committing a crime and another thing when they didn’t realize they were committing a crime. It then details how mens rea is ultimately grounded in an ill or indifferent will—a lack of sufficient concern for the law and its ends—and proposes a test (the Jekyll test) for sorting ill and indifferent wills from law-abiding ones.
Document Cameras
Authors: Dwinal Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this chapter the author explains that a document camera is a commonly forgotten tool that usually collects dust in a lot of music classrooms. Document cameras are an untapped tool to add more to the learning experiences in the classroom. This chapter offers lower-tech activities such as displaying manipulatives or a puppet show. The document camera can also be hacked to use as a video camera for video conferencing or as a regular camera to take regular photos.
Story Movements
Authors: Borum Chattoo Caty 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Social-issue documentaries are art for civic imagination and social critique. Today, audiences experience documentaries that interrogate topics like sexual assault in the military (The Invisible War), the opioid crisis (Heroin(e)), racial injustice (13th), government surveillance (Citizenfour), animal captivity (Blackfish), and more. Along a continuum of social change, these intimate nonfiction films have changed national conversations, set media agendas, mobilized communities and policymakers, and provided new portals into social problems and lived experiences—accessed by expanding audiences in a transforming dual marketplace that includes mainstream entertainment outlets and grassroots venues. Against the activism backdrop of the participatory networked culture, the contemporary function of social-issue documentaries in civic practice is embodied also in parallel community engagement—the active role of civil society, communities, and individuals—that has dynamically evolved over recent decades. Story Movements: How Documentaries Empower People and Inspire Social Change explores the functions and public influence of social-issue documentary storytelling in the networked era. At the book’s core is an argument about documentary’s vital role in storytelling culture and civic practice with an impulse toward justice and equity. Intimate documentaries illuminate complex realities and stories that disrupt dominant cultural narratives and contribute new ways for publics to contemplate and engage with social challenges. Written by a documentary producer, scholar, and director of the Center for Media & Social Impact, the book features original interviews with award-winning filmmakers and field leaders to reveal the motivations and influence of some of most lauded, eye-opening stories of the evolving documentary age.
Opening a New Lens
Authors: Borum Chattoo Caty 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Opening with The Murder of Emmett Till, which launched award-winning Firelight Media’s long-standing community engagement enterprise, Chapter 3 serves as the heart of the book—the theoretical and pragmatic backdrop to today’s participatory civic media culture, positioning documentaries and parallel public engagement work as forms of cultural resistance, civic imagination, and social critique. Documentaries play an active role in democratic practice through their functions as civic storytelling—as counternarratives, monitors, mobilizers, and artistic interpreters that can reveal the depth of a social issue and strengthen civil society through collaboration and partnerships. Simultaneously, grassroots activism has changed in the networked era. Examples and initiatives help bring documentary functions to life, including the international Good Pitch program, and films like Whose Streets?, When I Walk, An Inconvenient Truth, Minding the Gap, Newtown, Strong Island, Surviving R. Kelly, The Armor of Light, Unrest, and The Pushouts.
Activating Community
Authors: Borum Chattoo Caty 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Opening with the documentary Bully and its movement campaign, The BULLY Project, which mobilized educators, parents, and young people to change norms around youth bullying, this chapter introduces the ecology, motivations, and practices of story-based movement builders—the individuals and organizations who empower and mobilize publics to come together in pursuit of dialogue and change, inspired by documentaries. At the center of this ecology are documentary filmmakers themselves—directors and producers who create the stories and bring them to the public eye. Beyond critical acclaim, the social influence of their stories is enabled by two central groups of professionals involved in social-issue documentary as a community of practice: the enabling civic connectors and enabling institutions that supply resources and community-building convenings, and the community and impact engagement strategists who work alongside filmmakers to transform their work into engines of community empowerment.
Mobilizing for Change
Authors: Borum Chattoo Caty 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 presents an extended case analysis of the 2013 independent documentary film, Blackfish. Positioning Blackfish within the context of contemporary networked activism offers a lens to consider how a nonfiction story can capture public attention and fuel grassroots public engagement. As this chapter illuminates, social change is aided by documentary storytelling through a framework that includes key elements: narrative persuasion and the role of emotion, amplified community from online and offline activism, cultivated media narrative, strategic layered distribution, and a call to action embedded in the storytelling. While this schema is not the only way to contemplate social change with documentary storytelling at the fore, analysis of Blackfish as a cultural phenomenon illuminates a central concept: The emotional lens of an investigative documentary, combined with planned and organic public engagement and activism, sparked news coverage and shaped a consistent media narrative through every distribution stop in the film’s life cycle.