bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on non-isothermal diffusion modeling: An experimental analysis and error assessment using halogen diffusion in melts
Authors: Rout Smruti Sourav , Schmidt Burkhard C. , Wörner Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diffusion chronometry on zoned crystals allows constraining duration of magmatic evolution and storage of crystals once temperatures are precisely known. However, non-isothermal diffusion is common in natural samples, and thus timescales may not be determined with confidence while assuming isothermal conditions. The “non-isothermal diffusion incremental step (NIDIS) model” (Petrone et al. 2016) is proposed for such cases for a non-isothermal diffusive analysis. We conducted diffusion experiments with stepwise temperature changes to analyze and test the model, evaluated the associated errors and improved the accuracy by suggesting an alternative algorithm to model diffusion times.
We used Cl and F (≤0.4 wt%) as the diffusing elements in nominally anhydrous (H2O ≤ 0.3 wt%) phonolitic melt with composition of Montana Blanca (Tenerife, Spain) in an experimental setup that successively generates multiple diffusive interfaces for different temperatures by adding glass blocks of different Cl and F concentrations. This compound set of two diffusion interfaces represents distinct compositional zones that diffusively interact at different temperatures, which can be taken as an equivalent to non-isothermal diffusion in zoned magmatic crystals. The starting temperature ranged from 975 to 1150 °C, and each set of experiments included a temperature change of 85–150 °C and a total duration of 8–12 h. The experiments were carried out in an internally heated pressure vessel equipped with a rapid quench device at 1 kbar pressure. Cl and F concentration profiles were obtained from the quenched samples by electron microprobe analysis. Although the estimated diffusion times from the NIDIS-model matched well with true experimental values, the errors on estimated timescales, due to errors in curve-fitting and uncertainty in temperature, were ±10–62% (1σ). The errors are much larger at 61–288% (1σ) when the uncertainty in diffusivity parameters is included. We discuss the efficiency and limitations of the model, assess the contribution from different sources of error, and their extent of propagation. A simpler alternative algorithm is proposed that reduces errors on the estimates of diffusion time to 10–32% (1σ) and 60–75% (1σ), with and without including uncertainty in diffusivity parameters, respectively. Using this new algorithm, we recalculated the individual diffusion times for the clinopyroxene crystals analyzed by Petrone et al. (2016) and obtained a significantly reduced error of 26–40% compared to the original error of 61–100%. We also analyzed a sanidine megacryst from Taapaca volcano (N. Chile) as a test case for non-isothermal modeling and obtained diffusion times of 1.5–9.4 ky, which is significantly different from isothermal analyses including a previous study on similar sample. In this analysis, the error estimated by our new method is reduced by 63–70%.
Incorporation of Mg in phase Egg, AlSiO3OH: Toward a new polymorph of phase H, MgSiH2O4, a carrier of water in the deep mantle
Authors: Bindi Luca , Bendeliani Aleksandra , Bobrov Andrey , Matrosova Ekaterina , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The crystal structure and chemical composition of a crystal of Mg-bearing phase Egg with a general formula M1−x3+Mx2+SiO4H1+x (M3+ = Al, Cr; M2+ = Mg, Fe), where x = 0.35, produced by subsolidus reaction at 24 GPa and 1400 °C of components of subducted oceanic slabs (peridotite, basalt, and sediment), was analyzed by electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Neglecting the enlarged unit cell and the consequent expansion of the coordination polyhedra (as expected for Mg substitution for Al), the compound was found to be topologically identical to phase Egg, AlSiO3OH, space group P21/n, with lattice parameters a = 7.2681(8), b = 4.3723(5), c = 7.1229(7) Å, β = 99.123(8)°, V = 223.49(4) Å3, and Z = 4. Bond-valence considerations lead to hypothesize the presence of hydroxyl groups only, thereby excluding the presence of the molecular water that would be present in the hypothetical end-member MgSiO3·H2O. We thus demonstrate that phase Egg, considered as one of the main players in the water cycle of the mantle, can incorporate large amounts of Mg in its structure and that there exists a solid solution with a new hypothetical MgSiH2O4 end-member, according to the substitution Al3+ ↔ Mg2+ + H+. The new hypothetical MgSiH2O4 end-member would be a polymorph of phase H, a leading candidate for delivering significant water into the deepest part of the lower mantle.
Balanced Scorecard: Strategy Towards World Class University
Authors: Junusi Rahman El , Musahadi Musahadi , Yuningrum Heny 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is how to implement the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at UIN Walisongo in an effort towards world class university (WCU). The research design is policy research using explorative descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that in perspective (1) changes in research organizations: international collaborative research and international publications need to be improved, (2) human resource policies, increasing the number of professors and doctors and staff education, based on educational qualifications are still limited (3) academic programs, international accredited study programs need to be started, (4) Internal Governance, as an anti-corruption campus that applies the best Integrity zone in PTKI and (5) Funds, develops and explores funding sources from domestic and foreign partners to strengthen the internationalization program towards WCU.Tujuan penelitian adalah bagaimana implementasi BSC pada UIN Walisongo dalam upaya menuju world class university (WCU). Desain penelitian adalah penelitian kebijakan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif (1) perubahan organisasi: penelitian, masih terbatasnya penelitian kolaboratif internasional dan publikasi internasional, (2) kebijakan sumber daya manusia, meningkatkan jumlah profesor dan doktor dan pendidikan staf, berdasarkan kualifikasi pendidikan masih terbatas (3) program akademik, program studi terakreditasi internasional perlu dimulai, (4) Tata Kelola Internal, sebagai kampus anti-korupsi yang menerapkan zona Integritas terbaik di PTKI dan (5) Dana, mengembangkan dan mengeksplorasi sumber pendanaan dari mitra domestik dan asing untuk memperkuat program internasionalisasi menuju WCU.
Full recycling of citric acid wastewater through anaerobic digestion, air-stripping and pH control
Authors: Wang Jiang-Bo , Zhang Rui-Jing , Mao Zhong-Gui , Xue Dong-Sheng , Zhu Zheng-Jun , Yu Han-Chao , Cai Feng-Jiao , Cai Lin-Yang , Bao Jia-Wei , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) from the anaerobic digestion treatment of citric acid wastewater can be reused as a potential substitute for process water in the citric acid fermentation. However, excessive sodium contained in ADE significantly decreases citric acid production. In this paper, the inhibition mechanism of sodium on citric acid fermentation was investigated. We demonstrated that excessive sodium did not increase oxidative stress for Aspergillus niger, but reduced the pH of the medium significantly over the period 4–24 h, which led to lower activities of glucoamylase and isomaltase secreted by A. niger, with a decrease of available sugar concentration and citric acid production. ADE was pretreated by air-stripping prior to recycle and 18 g/L calcium carbonate was added at the start of fermentation to control the pH of the medium. The inhibition caused by ADE was completely alleviated and citric acid production substantially increased from 118.6 g/L to 141.4 g/L, comparable to the fermentation with deionized water (141.2 g/L). This novel process could decrease wastewater discharges and fresh water consumption in the citric acid industry, with benefit to the environment.
Maternal Obesity, Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Development of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Şanlı Ezgi , Kabaran Seray 
Published: October 2019

Background:Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition, can lead to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy and these alterations can influence fetal and neonatal phenotype which increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later stages of life.Objective:The effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming and potential mechanisms of maternal epigenetic regulation of gene expression which have persistent effects on fetal health and development were investigated.Method:Review of the literature was carried out in order to discuss the effects of maternal obesity and epigenetic mechanisms in fetal programming of metabolic disorders. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined and the most relevant articles were included in this review.Results:Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition during fetal period has important overall effects on long-term health. Maternal metabolic alterations during early stages of fetal development can lead to permanent changes in organ structures, cell numbers and metabolism. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs) play an important role in disease susceptibility in the later stages of human life. Maternal nutrition alter expression of hypothalamic genes which can increase fetal and neonatal energy intake. Epigenetic modifications may affect the increasing rate of obesity and other metabolic disorders worldwide since the impact of these changes can be passed through generations.Conclusion:Weight management before and during pregnancy, together with healthy nutritional intakes may improve the maternal metabolic environment, which can reduce the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Further evidence from long-term follow-up studies are needed in order to determine the role of maternal obesity on epigenetic mechanisms.
Metformin: Up to Date
Authors: Sciannimanico Silvia , Grimaldi Franco , Vescini Fabio , De Pergola Giovanni , Iacoviello Massimo , Licchelli Brunella , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Giagulli Vito A. , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent extensively used as first-line therapy
for type 2 diabetes. It improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and
increasing glucose uptake in muscles. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and shows a beneficial
effect on weight control. Besides its metabolic positive effects, Metformin has direct effects on inflammation
and can have immunomodulatory and antineoplastic properties.

Aim:
The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the up-to-date evidence from the current literature
about the metabolic and non-metabolic effects of Metformin.

Methods:
We reviewed the current literature dealing with different effects and properties of Metformin
and current recommendations about the use of this drug. We identified keywords and MeSH terms in
Pubmed and the terms Metformin and type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, heart failure, PCOS,
etc, were searched, selecting only significant original articles and review in English, in particular of the
last five years.

Conclusion:
Even if many new effective hypoglycemic agents have been launched in the market in the
last few years, Metformin would always keep a place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities
because of its multiple positive effects and low cost.
Software-Defined Security Architecture for a Smart Home Networks Using Token Sharing Mechanism
Authors: Saxena Utkarsh , Sodhi J.S , Singh Yaduveer 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Several approaches were proposed earlier to provide a secure infrastructure
dependent communication in a smart home network. Some used overlay networks, some used lightweight
encryption techniques, and some used honey pot techniques. However, all the approaches are
vulnerable to network attacks due to the dependency on the device and server, and due to centralization,
there exists a higher chance of attacks.

Objective:
To develop a security architecture that is more resilient to cyber-attacks and less dependent
on any complex network parameter, i.e. an encryption algorithm or an overlay network.

Methods:
Authentication module along with squid performs token generation, and monitoring module
helps devices to communicate with each other. The integrity protection module performs data
integrity and the expiration of token is performed by the access module with the clock. Our approach
meets with all the security aspects of a smart home network.

Results:
The analysis of our secure architecture showed that this architecture provides more flexibility,
robustness in terms of Load Balancing, Network Lifetime maximization, Failure Management,
Energy efficiency, Link quality, and heterogeneity of the network as compared to other existing security
policies or architecture.

Conclusion:
The proposed framework ensures and improves all the security requirements for a
smart home network. Token-based authentication is much secure and robust as compared to traditional
approaches. This framework is suited for secure communication in a smart home environment,
but it lacks for controlling zero-day attacks. In the future, we will improve its resilience
against the zero-day attacks and also enhance security features in the current architecture.
Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Sadeghi Hossein , Bagheri Hamed , Shekarchi Babak , Javadi Abdolreza , Najafi Masoud 
Published: October 2019

Aims :
The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation
of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury.

Background:
Organs of the gastrointestinal system such as the intestines, colon, duodenum, ileum
etc. are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is an
interesting topic in radiobiology and a life-saving approach for exposed persons after a radiation
event or improving the quality of life of radiotherapy patients.

Methods:
40 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups namely G1: control, G2: melatonin
treatment, G3: whole-body irradiation, and G4: melatonin treatment after whole-body irradiation.
A cobalt-60 gamma-ray source was used to deliver 7 Gy to the whole body. 100 mg/kg melatonin
was administered orally 24 h after irradiation and continued for 5 days. Thirty days after
irradiation, histopathological evaluations were performed.

Results:
The whole-body irradiation led to remarkable inflammation, villi shortening, apoptosis and
damage to goblet cells of the small intestine. Furthermore, moderate to severe inflammation, apoptosis,
congestion, crypt injury and goblet cell damage were reported for the colon. Treatment with
melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both
small and large intestines.

Conclusion:
Melatonin could mitigate intestinal injury following whole-body exposure to radiation.
Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation
of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system.
The increase of writing skill ability of the specific functional officials through learning method innovation: case study in Bangka Belitung Islands province
Authors: Suwandana Endan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aims to examine whether the Reverse Thinking method can improve the ability of trainees in writing papers published in scientific journals. The Reverse Thinking Method is a paper writing method that starts not from writing the introduction, but starts from processing the data. This study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach with the help of simple statistical analysis. The object of the study was 40 training participants of the scientific papers (KTI) writing, consisting of certain functional officials in the Provincial Government of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The training was held at the Regional Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDMD) in the Province of Bangka Belitung Province in March 2019. Evaluations were carried out on cognitive, affective and practical aspects. Data collection from the respondents was done using Google Form Questionnaires. The results showed that the Reverse Thinking method was very effective in improving the ability of writing papers, because 90% of trainees successfully submitted their papers to scientific journals on the last day of the training. The cognitive abilities of the participants also increased from the class average of 54.61 to 75.76. Motivation of participants also increased as indicated by the value of 8-10, from a Likert scale of 1-10. Peningkatan kemampuan pejabat fungsional tertentu dalam menulis paper melalui inovasi metode pembelajaran: studi kasus provinsi Kepulauan Bangka belitungAbstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah metode Berpikir Terbalik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan peserta pelatihan dalam menulis makalah (paper) yang diterbitkan pada jurnal ilmiah. Metode Berpikir Terbalik adalah metode penulisan paper yang dimulai bukan dari menyusun pendahuluan, melainkan dimulai dari mengolah data. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan bantuan analisis statistik sederhana. Objek penelitian adalah 40 orang peserta pelatihan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) yang terdiri dari para pejabat fungsional tertentu di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Pelatihan diselenggarakan di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah (BPSDMD) Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pada Bulan Maret 2019. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap aspek kognitif, afektif dan praktis. Pengumpulan data dari responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket Google Form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Berpikir Terbalik sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menulis paper, karena 90% peserta pelatihan berhasil mengirimkan naskah paper ke jurnal ilmiah pada hari terakhir pelatihan. Kemampuan kognitif peserta pun meningkat dari rata-rata kelas 54,61 menjadi 75,76. Motivasi peserta pun meningkat yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai 8–10, dari skala Likert 1–10.
Children's intelligence development training for Aisyiyah kindergarten teachers
Authors: Sholikhah Ebni , Rohman Arif , Hanum Farida , Efianingrum Ariefa , Sukardi Joko Sri 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Early childhood is the golden age to develop their potential multiple intelligences. However, educational activities have often been reduced as teaching and schooling which centered on static transfer of knowledge and sometimes forget to develop non-academic intelligence. This paper aims to describe Aisyiyah teachers training in Banyuwangi Regency to develop the potential multiple intelligence in early childhood. We used dialogical lectures, exercises (simulations), and assistance as the methods. The results showed that 49.74% of 38 participants were satisfied, 48.70% were very satisfied, and only 1.56% were dissatisfied with the contents, methods, and facilities provided. This shows that contents of the material improve teacher's knowledge and could be applied in the teaching environment. The teacher also feels that they gained new experience because never attended a similar training before. Therefore, this kind of training needs to be continued and improved to improve teacher professionalism. Pelatihan pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk anak bagi guru tk AisyiyahAbstrak: Usia anak adalah usia emas untuk mengembangkan potensi kecerdasan majemuk yang dimiliki. Akan tetapi, selama ini kegiatan pendidikan sering direduksi sebagai kegiatan pengajaran dan persekolahan yang terpusat pada transfer pengetahuan secara statis dan terkadang lupa untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan non akademik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelatihan guru Aisyiyah kabupaten Banyuwangi dalam mengembangkan potensi kecerdasan majemuk anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan berupa ceramah dialogis, latihan (simulasi), dan pendampingan. Dari 38 sasaran, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 49.74% puas, 48.70% sangat puas, dan hanya 1.56% tidak puas terhadap isi, metode, maupun fasilitas yang disediakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa isi materi sesuai dan dapat menambah pengetahuan guru untuk diaplikasikan di lingkungan kerjanya. Guru juga merasa mendapat pengalaman baru karena belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan serupa sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan profesionalitas guru, pelatihan semacam ini perlu dilanjutkan dan ditingkatkan.
Evaluation of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum reviewed from the aspect of the learning process and assessment of learning outcomes (case study: SMA / SMK / MA Pringsewu regency)
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Anggraeni Leni , Waziana Winia , Puspita Dian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aims to determine and evaluate the implementation of the 2013 curriculum specifically in aspects of the learning process and aspects of assessment of learning outcomes. This study is a qualitative descriptive study, with the population being SMA / SMK equivalent in Pringsewu Regency while the sample is 10 high school / SMK level schools in Pringsewu Regency selected from 9 different sub regency. In terms of the learning process aspect, achieving the highest percentage is the teacher's understanding of the subject matter in student textbooks, while the lowest percentage is the suitability of learning procedures with a scientific approach. In terms of the assessment of learning outcomes, the highest percentage achievement is the teacher's understanding of the concepts and applications of midterm tests, while the lowest percentage is the teacher's understanding of portfolio-based assessment concepts and applications. The results of the overall analysis show that, in terms of the learning process aspects and assessment of learning outcomes, the implementation of K-13 at the SMA/SMK/MA level in Pringsewu Regency was in a good category although there were still a few things that needed to be improved.Evaluasi implementasi kurikulum 2013 ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar (studi kasus: SMA/SMK/MA Kabupaten Pringsewu)Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi implementasi kurikulum 2013 khususnya dalam aspek proses pembelajaran dan aspek penilaian hasil belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan populasinya adalah SMA/SMK sederajat di kabupaten pringsewu lampung sedangkan sampelnya adalah 10 SMA/SMK sederajat di kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung yang dipilih dari 9 kecamatan yang berbeda. Ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran, pencapaian persentase tertinggi adalah pemahaman guru tentang materi pelajaran yang ada di buku pelajaran siswa, sedangkan persentase terendah adalah kesesuaian prosedur pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik. Ditinjau dari aspek penilaian hasil belajar, pencapaian persentase tertinggi adalah pemahaman guru tentang konsep dan aplikasi ulangan tengah semester, sedangkan persentase terendah adalah pemahaman guru tentang konsep dan aplikasi penilaian berbasis portofolio. Hasil analisis secara menyeluruh menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar, implementasi K-13 di tingkat SMA/SMK/MA di kabupaten Pringsewu berada pada kategori baik meskipun masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki.