bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes for Future: Erst recht im Digitalformat
Authors: Koester Vera 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAls interaktive und abwechslungsreiche Online‐Konferenz fanden im Jahr der Corona‐Pandemie vom 21. bis 24. September 2020 die 10. ProcessNet‐Jahrestagung und die 34. Dechema‐Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen statt. Neben Vortragsformaten umfassten die Sessi
Die eine Quelle der Wahrheit
Authors: Kiesel Johanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEngineeringprozesse immer stärker zu parallelisieren, ist längst erzwungene Realität. Die Aucotec AG, Software‐Entwickler seit über 35 Jahren, setzt dafür jetzt neue Maßstäbe. Mit „agilem Engineering” will das Unternehmen Planer befähigen, die simultane K
Mehrwert durch Digitalisierung
Authors: Meißler Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMit datenbasierten Services eröffnen sich für Betreiber von Prozess‐ und Druckluftaggregaten branchenübergreifend neue Möglichkeiten zur ressourcenschonenden, energieeffizienten Gestaltung von Prozessen. AERZEN engagiert sich für die digitale Transforma
Experimental study on aeration efficiency in a pilot‐scale decelerated oxidation ditch equipped with fine bubble diffusers and impellers
Authors: Xu Xiaofei , Wei Wenze , Liu Fengxia , Wei Wei , Liu Zhijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work is an experimental study on the oxygen transfer capability and efficiency in a pilot‐scale decelerated oxidation ditch equipped with fine bubble diffusers and impellers (inducing horizontal liquid flows). Aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) exhibiting shear‐thinning rheological properties are selected to simulate activated sludge in the oxidation ditch process. The effect of air flow rate and horizontal liquid velocity along the loop channel on oxygen transfer capability and aeration efficiency is examined in tap water and CMC aqueous solutions. The standard volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLa20, standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE), and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) are introduced to study the oxygen mass transfer performance and energy consumption efficiency in the oxidation ditch. The results show that KLa20, SOTE, and SAE in CMC aqueous solutions follow similar trends observed in tap water. Due to the effect of shear‐thinning rheological properties, KLa20, SOTE, and SAE in CMC aqueous solutions are smaller than those in tap water. Two dimensionless numbers, Froude number and Ohnesorge number are introduced to study the oxygen transfer efficiency through the consideration of the combined influence of aeration, crossflow, gas bubble size, and physical properties of the liquid phase.
Silica‐supported morpholine alkaline ionic liquid catalysts for preparation of biodiesel
Authors: Zeng Xiang‐Rui , Wang Lu‐Lu , Wang Ji‐Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol over a silica‐supported morpholine alkaline ionic liquid catalyst (SILC). Characterization of SILC was performed using 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms. Transesterification proceeded satisfactorily over SILC at ambient pressure and without simultaneous water removal. Under optimal reaction conditions, including 60°C, 4 hours, reactant/catalyst molar ratio of 14/1, and 3‐wt% catalyst, a high yield of biodiesel (94.5%) was obtained. SILC's reusability was more than six times, with no obvious decrease in catalytic activity observed.
N‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline: An Alternative Scaffold for the Design of 17β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitors
Authors: Mottinelli Marco , Sinreih Maša , Rižner Tea L. , Leese Mathew P. , Potter Barry V. L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract17β‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases catalyse interconversion at the C17 position between oxidized and reduced forms of steroidal nuclear receptor ligands. The type 1 enzyme, expressed in malignant cells, catalyses reduction of the less‐active estrone to estradiol, and inhibitors have therapeutic potential in estrogen‐dependent diseases such as breast and ovarian cancers and in endometriosis. Synthetic decoration of the nonsteroidal N‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) template was pursued by using Pomeranz‐Fritsch‐Bobbitt, Pictet‐Spengler and Bischler‐Napieralski approaches to explore the viability of this scaffold as a steroid mimic. Derivatives were evaluated biologically in vitro as type 1 enzyme inhibitors in a bacterial cell homogenate as source of recombinant protein. Structure‐activity relationships are discussed. THIQs possessing a 6‐hydroxy group, lipophilic substitutions at the 1‐ or 4‐positions in combination with N‐4′‐chlorophenyl substitution were most favourable for activity. Of these, one compound had an IC50 of ca. 350 nM as a racemate, testifying to the applicability of this novel approach.
Solving the last mile problem in logistics: A mobile edge computing and blockchain‐based unmanned aerial vehicle delivery system
Authors: Li Xuejun , Gong Lina , Liu Xiao , Jiang Frank , Shi Wenyu , Fan Lingmin , Gao Han , Li Rui , Xu Jia 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe “last mile” problem in logistics is challenging due to its low efficiency and high cost. To address this problem, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) delivery such as drone delivery has been proposed and widely accepted as a promising solution. However, currently most of the existing UAV delivery systems are based on Cloud Computing which cannot efficiently meet the requirements of many real‐time services in UAV delivery systems. Meanwhile, the security issues in UAV delivery systems also raise critical concerns due to the existence of multiple participants (such as the sender, middler, and receiver) who may not maintain a mutual trust relationship among them. How to secure the UAV delivery process in such an untrusted environment is still a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and blockchain‐based UAV delivery system to resolve the “last mile” problem in logistics. Specifically, based on the MEC architecture, the blockchain nodes are deployed on the edge nodes to facilitate and secure the UAV delivery process. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed solution, a MEC‐based UAV delivery system prototype with a private blockchain on the Ethereum platform is implemented. Through the security analysis and performance evaluation, it is proven that our proposed solution can effectively solve the “last mile” problem and address the security issues in UAV delivery systems.
Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis
Authors: Mazzanti Stefano , Savateev Aleksandr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarbon nitrides encompass a class of transition‐metal‐free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination‐Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet‐triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
Proton Conductive BaZr0.8‐xCexY0.2O3‐δ: Influence of NiO Sintering Additive on Crystal Structure, Hydration Behavior, and Conduction Properties
Authors: Han Donglin , Goto Kazuhiro , Majima Masatoshi , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractY‐doped BaZrO3, BaCeO3 and BaZr1‐xCexO3 show high proton conductivity at intermediate temperature and are promising electrolyte candidates in electrochemical devices. However, in most cases, the present cell fabrication process seems to be unavailable to avoid the addition of NiO, which is either added to improve the sinterability of these electrolyte or diffuses from the electrode substrate during co‐sintering. In this work, a systematic investigation was performed to study the effect of NiO on BaZr0.8‐xCexY0.2O3‐δ (BZCY20) covering the full Ce range from 0 to 0.8. The results revealed that regardless of the composition of BZCY20, both the dehydration temperature and proton concentration decreased by adding NiO, which further greatly decreased the ionic conductivity and the transport number. And it is found that the redox cycles in Ce‐rich samples containing Ni makes the grain boundary conductivity worse and the electrolyte brittle. The conclusion is that NiO is detrimental to the performance of the electrochemical cells using these materials as the electrolyte, although compromise might be achieved in certain degree by tuning the Ce content. However, it should be noted that to further improve the cell performance, a new sintering additive or new processing for cell fabrication is essential.
Lightweight network and parallel computing for fast pedestrian detection
Authors: Wu Jianpeng , Men Yao , Chen DeSheng 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn recent years, researchers have made great efforts in computer vision task (e.g., object detection) with the widely use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, object detection algorithms based on CNNs suffer from high computation cost even on the high‐performance computers. In addition, with the development of high‐resolution videos, the deployment of object detection algorithms becomes more and more difficult because of the large amount of data, let alone the portable platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this paper, we research a lightweight network on portable platform for outdoor tiny pedestrian detection. Concretely, we first set up a training dataset manually for lack of tiny pedestrian samples in common datasets. We provide a lightweight network, and then, parallel computing is introduced to make the most of the advantage of GPU. Finally, our method can achieve real‐time performance on Jetson TX2. Experimental results verify that the proposed model has promising performance in tiny pedestrian detection designed for portable GPU platforms.
The value of ultrasonography for the indication of fine‐needle aspiration in autonomous thyroid nodules
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , de Castro Nicolau Theara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of malignancy in autonomous thyroid nodules is considered to be very low in adults and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is not recommended in these cases; however, some studies contest this. Just as ultrasonography (US) has been used to select nonautonomous nodules with initial benign cytology that deserve FNA repetition, this method may also be useful to select autonomous nodules that are candidates for FNA.MethodsIn this prospective study, FNA was obtained in 48 adults patients with autonomous solitary nodules >1 cm with suspicious US features (at least two of the following findings: hypoechogenicity, microcalcification, irregular margins, taller than wider shape, predominantly or exclusively central vascularization).ResultsCytology was benign in 28 patients (58.3%). Six patients (12.5%) had nondiagnostic cytology and histology revealed benign nodules in these cases. Cytology was indeterminate in nine other patients (18.5%). Of these, seven were adenomas and two were follicular carcinomas on histology. Finally, cytology suspicious for malignancy or malignant cytology was detected in five patients (10.4%), all of them confirmed histologically to be papillary carcinomas (the follicular variant in three). Thus, the frequency of malignancy was 14.6% (two follicular carcinomas and five papillary carcinomas), 8.3% in nodules with two suspicious findings vs 33.3% in nodules with ≥3 suspicious findings (P = .055).ConclusionThe results suggest that the presence of ultrasonographic findings suspicious for malignancy in autonomous thyroid nodules >1 cm is a criterion for the indication of FNA.
Priority effects and competition by a native species inhibit an invasive species and may assist restoration
Authors: Yu Hanxia , Yue Maofeng , Wang Cui , Le Roux Johannes J. , Peng Changlian , Li Weihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelecting native species for restoration is often done without proper ecological background, particularly with regard to how native and invasive species interact. Here, we provide insights suggesting that such information may greatly enhance restoration success. The performance of the native vine, Pueraria lobata, and that of the invasive bitter vine, Mikania micrantha, were investigated in South China to test how priority effects (timing and rate of germination and seedling growth) and competition (phytochemical effects and competitive ability) impact invasive plant performance. We found that, in the absence of competition, the germination rate of M. micrantha, but not of P. lobata, was significantly affected by light availability. P. lobata seedlings also performed better than those of M. micrantha during early growth phases. Under competition, negative phytochemical effects of P. lobata on M. micrantha were strong and we found M. micrantha to have lower performance when grown with P. lobata compared to when grown by itself. Relative interaction indexes indicated that, under interspecific competition, P. lobata negatively affected (i.e., inhibited) M. micrantha, whereas M. micrantha positively affected (i.e., facilitated) P. lobata. Higher photosynthetic efficiency and soil nutrient utilization put P. lobata at a further advantage over M. micrantha. Field trails corroborated these experimental findings, showing little recruitment of M. micrantha in previously invaded and cleared field plots that were sown with P. lobata. Thus, P. lobata is a promising candidate for ecological restoration and for reducing impacts of M. micrantha in China. This research illustrates that careful species selection may improve restoration outcomes, a finding that may also apply to other invaded ecosystems and species.
Ejection fraction and mortality: a nationwide register‐based cohort study of 499 153 women and men
Authors: Stewart Simon , Playford David , Scalia Gregory M. , Currie Philip , Celermajer David S , Prior David , Codde Jim , Strange Geoff ,   on behalf of the NEDA Investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsWe investigated the sex‐based risk of mortality across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a large cohort of patients in Australia.Methods and resultsQuantified levels of LVEF from 237 046 women (48.1%) and 256 109 men undergoing first‐time, routine echocardiography (2000–2019) were linked to 119 232 deaths (median 5.6 years of follow‐up). Overall, 17.6% of men vs. 8.3% of women had an LVEF <50%. An LVEF <40% was associated with the highest crude cardiovascular‐related and all‐cause mortality at 5 years (∼20–30% and ∼ 40–50%, respectively). Thereafter, actual cardiovascular‐related and all‐cause mortality at 5 years in both sexes steeply improved to a nadir LVEF of 65.0–69.9% (reference group). Below this LVEF level, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular‐related mortality for a LVEF of 55.0–59.9% was 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.59; P < 0.001] in women and 1.21 (95% CI 1.05–1.39; P = 0.008) in men. In women, an LVEF of 60.0–64.9% was also associated with a HR 1.33 (95% CI 1.16–1.52; P < 0.001) for cardiovascular‐related mortality. These associations were most striking in women and men aged <65 years and were replicated in those with suspected heart failure (32 403 cases aged 65.2 ± 16.1 years, 57.0% women). For pre‐existing heart failure (33 738 cases aged 67.6 ± 16.9 years, 46.5% women), the specific threshold of increased mortality was at and below 50.0–54.9%.ConclusionsAmong patients investigated for suspected or established cardiovascular disease, we found clinically relevant sex‐based differences in the distribution and mortality associated with an LVEF <65.0–69.9%. Specifically, they suggest a greater risk of mortality at higher LVEF levels among women.
Online monitoring applying the anaerobic respiratory monitoring system reveals iron(II) limitation in YTF medium for Clostridium ljungdahlii
Authors: Mann Marcel , Wittke Darina , Büchs Jochen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOnline monitoring of microbial cultures is an effective approach for studying both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Especially in small‐scale cultivations, several parallel online monitored experiments can generate a detailed understanding of the cultivation, compared to a situation where a few data points are generated from time course sampling and offline analysis. However, the availability of small‐scale online monitoring devices for acetogenic organisms is limited. In this study, the previously reported anaerobic Respiration Activity MOnitoring System (anaRAMOS) device was adapted for online monitoring of Clostridium ljungdahlii (C. ljungdahlii) cultures with fructose as the carbon source. The anaRAMOS was applied to identify conversion of different carbon sources present in commonly used YTF medium. An iron(II) deficiency was discovered in this medium for C. ljungdahlii. Addition of iron(II) to the YTF medium reduced the cultivation time and increased biomass yield of C. ljungdahlii cultures by 50% and 40%, respectively. The measurement of the carbon dioxide transfer rate was used to calculated the iron(II) contained in complex components. By demonstrating the application of the anaRAMOS device for medium optimization, it is proven that the described online monitoring device has potential for use in process development.
Hydrogen effects on ignition delay time of methyl butanoate in a rapid compression machine
Authors: Lee Seunghyeon , Song Soonho 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe effect of hydrogen addition on the ignition delay time of methyl butanoate was studied using a rapid compression machine experiment and ANSYS CHEMKIN‐PRO 19.0 numerical analysis. The ignition delay was measured under engine‐relevant conditions by varying equivalence ratios (0.5 and 1.0), compression pressures (15 and 30 bar), compression temperatures (860‐1060 K), and hydrogen mole fractions in the methyl butanoate/hydrogen mixture (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The kinetic mechanism was modified by adding the methyl butanoate mechanism to the NUIG Aramco 3.0 mechanism and modifying the rate parameters of the H‐atom abstraction reactions of methyl butanoate. The numerical results obtained using the modified mechanism were in good agreement with the experimental results. The methyl butanoate/hydrogen mixture did not show a negative temperature coefficient characteristic. With hydrogen addition, the ignition delay increased at low temperatures but decreased at high temperatures. The results of the chemical and dilution effect analysis using the imaginary inert H2 showed that the chemical effects differ depending on the temperature. Most added hydrogen molecules participate in the chain propagation reactions to produce H radicals and consume OH by the reaction H2 + OH → H + H2O. This, in turn, changes the reactions of other species, such as HO2 and H2O2. The results of the reaction path analysis for the related species showed that the addition of hydrogen reduced radical reactions at low temperatures, while increasing them at high temperatures.
Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG; NKTR‐214) efficacy as a single agent and in combination with checkpoint‐inhibitor therapy in mouse models of osteosarcoma
Authors: Hennessy Marlene , Wahba Andrew , Felix Kumar , Cabrera Mariella , Segura Maria Gabriela , Kundra Vikas , Ravoori Murali K. , Stewart John , Kleinerman Eugenie S. , Jensen Vanessa Behrana , Gopalakrishnan Vidya , Pena Rhoneil , Quach Phi , Kim Grace , Kivimäe Saul , Madakamutil Loui , Overwijk Willem W. , Zalevsky Jonathan , Gordon Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurvival of patients with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma has not improved in the last 30 years. Several immunotherapeutic approaches have shown benefit in murine osteosarcoma models, including the anti‐programmed death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) and anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (anti‐CTLA‐4) immune checkpoint inhibitors. Treatment with the T‐cell growth factor interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) has shown some clinical benefit but has limitations due to poor tolerability. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG; NKTR‐214), a first‐in‐class CD122‐preferential IL‐2 pathway agonist, alone and in combination with anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐CTLA‐4 immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic and orthotopic murine models of osteosarcoma. Treatment with BEMPEG delayed tumor growth and increased overall survival of mice with K7M2‐WT osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases. BEMPEG also inhibited primary tumor growth and metastatic relapse in lungs and bone in the K7M3 orthotopic osteosarcoma mouse model. In addition, it enhanced therapeutic activity of anti‐CTLA‐4 and anti‐PD‐1 checkpoint blockade in the DLM8 subcutaneous murine osteosarcoma model. Finally, BEMPEG strongly increased accumulation of intratumoral effector T cells and natural killer cells, but not T‐regulatory cells, resulting in improved effector:inhibitory cell ratios. Collectively, these data in multiple murine models of osteosarcoma provide a path toward clinical evaluation of BEMPEG‐based regimens in human osteosarcoma.
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in cancer care: A global analysis of national cancer control plans
Authors: Parra‐Herran Carlos , Romero Yannick , Milner Danny 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to understand the structure and effectiveness of national cancer control systems, the International Cancer Control Partnership, the World Health Organization, the National Cancer Institute and the Union for International Cancer Control underwent a review of available national cancer health plans (NCCPs) and noncommunicable diseases plans (NCDPs) worldwide. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (PALM) plays a major role in cancer management, from prevention and screening to patient care (diagnosis and treatment) and population‐level cancer surveillance. This review concentrates on the analysis of elements in national cancer care plans pertaining to PALM. Of 157 countries surveyed, 90 (57%) had a NCCP and 123 (78%) had a NCDP. While 54% of plans included guidelines on cancer diagnosis or plans to develop standards protocols for diagnosis, only 14% included PALM as a component of the plan. PALM‐related variables such as synoptic pathology reporting, cancer staging guidelines and cancer genetics programs were similarly underrepresented (being mentioned in only 6%, 17% and 16% of plans, respectively). Absence of PALM‐related variables tended to be more frequent in lower‐income countries. Our analysis highlights an important gap in national cancer control initiatives worldwide represented by the overall lack of inclusion of PALM resources. Cancer control will only be effective if laboratory sciences are placed as a priority. Based on the data presented herein, there is a need to increase awareness about the importance of PALM in cancer care, and to incorporate this discipline in the design and implementation of multilevel cancer control strategies.