bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced Metal-free Star Formation around a Massive Black Hole Seed
Authors: Aykutalp Aycin , Barrow Kirk S. S. , Wise John H. , Johnson Jarrett L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The direct formation of a massive black hole is a potential seeding mechanism of the earliest observed supermassive black holes. We investigate how the existence of a massive black hole seed impacts the ionization and thermal state of its pre-galactic host halo and subsequent star formation. We show that its X-ray radiation ionizes and heats the medium, enhancing H2 formation in shielded regions, within the nuclear region in the span of a million years. The enhanced molecular cooling triggers the formation of a ∼104
M
⊙ metal-free stellar cluster at a star formation efficiency of ∼0.1% in a single event. Star formation occurs near the edges of the H ii region that is partially ionized by X-rays; thus, the initial size depends on the black hole properties and surrounding environment. The simulated metal-free galaxy has an initial half-light radius of ∼10 pc but expands to ∼50 pc after 10 million years because of the outward velocities of their birth clouds. Supernova feedback then quenches any further star formation for tens of millions of years, allowing the massive black hole to dominate the spectrum once the massive metal-free stars die.
Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Levels Predict Pegylated Interferon-α Therapy Response in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Beudeker Boris JB , Groothuismink Zwier MA , de Man Robert A , Janssen Harry LA , van der Eijk Annemiek A , Boonstra Andre , Sonneveld Milan J 
Published: August 2020

Background Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels refect intrahepatic HBV replication activity. We aimed to study whether HBcrAg levels predict response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) treatment in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods We studied HBcrAg levels in 222 HBeAg-positive patients treated with PEG-IFN with or without lamivudine for 52 weeks in a global randomized trial and compared kinetics across treatment arms and types of response. Optimal HBcrAg cutoffs for stopping therapy were compared to and combined with the currently recommended hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-based stopping-rules. Results Baseline HBcrAg levels could not discriminate between responders and non-responders ( P=0.91). HBcrAg levels of patients responding to PEG-IFN therapy showed a more pronounced on-treatment decline (mean declines 3.4 versus 1.0 log U/ml; P<0.0001), which was sustained until the end of follow-up (mean declines week 78, 3.8 versus 1.0 log U/ml; P<0.0001). In the PEG-IFN mono-therapy group, HBcrAg levels of >8.35 log U/ml at week 24 identified 19 patients (19%) of whom 1 (negative predicitve value [NPV]=95%) achieved a response. The performance of this HBcrAg-based stopping rule alone was not superior to the one based on HBsAg >20,000 IU/ml. Among patients with an HBsAg <20,000 ( n=56), 9 (16%) had an HBcrAg >8.35, of whom 8 achieved no response (NPV 89%). Conclusions HBeAg-positive CHB patients with a response to PEG-IFN therapy achieve a more pronounced HBcrAg decline. HBcrAg levels at week 24 of therapy could be used to identify non-responders in combination with the established HBsAg-based stopping-rules.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ORF8b Accessory Protein Suppresses Type I IFN Expression by Impeding HSP70-Dependent Activation of IRF3 Kinase IKKε
Authors: Wong Lok-Yin Roy , Ye Zi-Wei , Lui Pak-Yin , Zheng Xuyang , Yuan Shuofeng , Zhu Lin , Fung Sin-Yee , Yuen Kit-San , Siu Kam-Leung , Yeung Man-Lung , Cai Zongwei , Woo Patrick Chiu-Yat , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Chan Chi-Ping , Jin Dong-Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic human coronavirus causing severe disease and mortality. MERS-CoV infection failed to elicit robust IFN response, suggesting that the virus might have evolved strategies to evade host innate immune surveillance. In this study, we identified and characterized type I IFN antagonism of MERS-CoV open reading frame (ORF) 8b accessory protein. ORF8b was abundantly expressed in MERS-CoV–infected Huh-7 cells. When ectopically expressed, ORF8b inhibited IRF3-mediated IFN-β expression induced by Sendai virus and poly(I:C). ORF8b was found to act at a step upstream of IRF3 to impede the interaction between IRF3 kinase IKKε and chaperone protein HSP70, which is required for the activation of IKKε and IRF3. An infection study using recombinant wild-type and ORF8b-deficient MERS-CoV further confirmed the suppressive role of ORF8b in type I IFN induction and its disruption of the colocalization of HSP70 with IKKε. Ectopic expression of HSP70 relieved suppression of IFN-β expression by ORF8b in an IKKε-dependent manner. Enhancement of IFN-β induction in cells infected with ORF8b-deficient virus was erased when HSP70 was depleted. Taken together, HSP70 chaperone is important for IKKε activation, and MERS-CoV ORF8b suppresses type I IFN expression by competing with IKKε for interaction with HSP70.
Nitric Oxide Signalling & Oxidative Stress In Patients with Infectious Diseases
Authors: Dr. Anita Raut  , Dr. Dhananjay Andure  , Dr. Sangita M. Patil  , Dr. Sonali Bhagat  , Mrs. Urmila Dravid  
Published: August 2020

The Nitric oxide (NO.) is an intermediate between molecular oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). N2 has low solubility and readily diffuse through membranes as easily as through cytoplasm and is a strong oxidant. Molecular oxygen propagates free radical damage and has a central role in oxidative stress and in infectious diseases. In our study nitric oxide and lipid peroxide (MDA) level is measured in 100 healthy controls and in 60 infectious diseases patients. Both nitric oxide level (P<0.001) and lipid peroxide (p<0.001) was found significantly high in infectious diseases patient group than normal healthy control. The study concludes that NO· is the effector molecule that initiates the cytotoxic effects by increasing the oxidative stress.
The Ill Health Effects of Pollution
Authors: Mr. Lodangi Nagakrishna  , Dr. Vijay Thawani  
Published: August 2020

Air pollution is the global problem that affects each and every organism on the earth. Air pollution is caused by human activities or by natural processes, which increases gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), ozone(O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the environment. According to world health organization (WHO) 29% of lung cancer, 17% of Acute lower respiratory infections, 43% of Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 24% of deaths due to stroke and 25% of Ischemic heart disease are due to ambient air pollution
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK FOSFAT DAN PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merill)
Authors: Sumbayak Ramerson J , Gultom Rianto R 
Published: August 2020

The research is aimed to determine the effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybeans. This research was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Darma Agung University, Jl.Binjai Km 10.8 Medan, TD Pardede Complex at an altitude of ± 28m above sea level, which was conducted from July to October 2018. This study used a Randomized Group Design (RBD) ) Factorial in two factors: Phosphate Fertilizer/TSP (P) in 4 levels: P0=0 g / plot, P1=16 g / plot, P2=32 g/plot, and P3=48 g / plot, and Organic fertilizer Mabar Fine Compost in 3 levels:M1=100 g / plot, M2=200 g/plot, and M3=300 g/plot. The results showed that phosphate fertilizer significantly affected the number of productive branches, seed production per plot, and 100 seed dry weight, and had no significant effect on plant height. Mabar Fine Compost significantly affected plant height, number of productive branches, seed production per plot, and 100 seeds dry weight. The interaction of Phosphate Fertilizer and Mabar Fine Compost had no significant effect on all observed variables.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI PERBAIKAN KATA PADA DOKUMEN DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE KNUTH MORRIS PRATT
Authors: Suwandana Sandy 
Published: August 2020

<p>Hasil pengetikan laporan ataupun karangan yang berupa lembaran yang banyak pada file dokumen,tidak terlepas dari kesalahan-kesalahan dalam pengetikan kata. Dalam pemeriksaan untuk diperbaiki kesalahan hasil pengetikan kata tentu akan mengalami kesulitan. Hal ini akan memerlukan waktu yang tidak sedikit dan ketelitian yang lebih untuk memeriksa tiap-tiap kata yang ada. Untuk menemukan kata yang salah tersebut digunakan teknik string matching yang merupakan teknik pencarian dari sejumlah karakter yang disebut pattern dalam sejumlah besar teks. Dengan menerapkan algoritma Knuth Morris Pratt diharapkan hasil yang dicapai lebih cepat dan efisien dalam proses menemukan kata yang salah karena algoritma ini menggeser pattern dengan lebih cerdas yang meminimalkan jumlah perbandingan dari pattern terhadap teks.</p>
PENGOLAHAN DATA PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH MELALUI KELOMPOK TANI MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN
Authors: Dike Radike 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>In the research the write directly did the research to the Kantor Kepala Desa Tanjung Pauh Mudik to get the data and to find the problems foced by the Kantor kepala Desa in the process produce paddy rice field through group farmer at office lead country side foreland. Currently, data processing system production rice field still counducted manual system. It makes the information gathered is in effective.</em></p><p><em> The effont to apply the system is by comparing old systemand new system. To change the old system to the new system, firstly both systems have to be compared finally, choose the effective system for Kantor Kepala Desa or the instansion.</em><em></em></p>
ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBAJAKAN DIGITAL DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA PADA KAMPUS GICI BUSINESS SCHOOL BATAM
Authors: Setiawan Joko 
Published: August 2020

<p><strong><em>Penelitian ini me</em></strong><strong><em>neliti</em></strong><strong><em> attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, moral obligation dan past piracy behavioral untuk menganalisis intention terhadap digital piracy (software) dan intention terhadap behavior pada digital piracy software) di kalangan mahasiswa </em></strong><strong><em>GICI Business School </em></strong><strong><em>Batam.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah akhir responden sebanyak </em></strong><strong><em>10</em></strong><strong><em>0 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20 untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel-variabel attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, moral obligation dan past piracy behavior terhadap intention dan intention terhadap behavior pada digital piracy (software).</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, moral obligation dan past piracy behavior terhadap intention mempengaruhi intention dalam melakukan digital piracy (software). </em></strong></p>
Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Quality of Life among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Scoping Review
Authors: AlNashri Fatima I. , Almutary Hayfa H. , Al Nagshabandi Elham A. 
Published: August 2020

Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-threatening problem of global concern. Living with CKD is associated with many psychological problems, including depression and anxiety, which can directly or indirectly affect the quality of life. Only one review in the existing literature has assessed these associations among CKD patients using different dialysis modalities. However, the experience of these symptoms could be higher among patients on hemodialysis therapy. In this purview, there is a need to narrow the previous work to be more focused on hemodialysis patients.
Aim: This scoping review aims to determine the gaps in the knowledge about the impact of anxiety and depression concerning QOL among people undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: The studies selected were those examined the relationships between depression or/and anxiety with quality of life in adult patients on hemodialysis. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Pub Med databases were searched for literature published between January 2012 and December 2019. The quality of the included studies was also apprised. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria.
Results: Six studies examined the impact of depression and anxiety on the quality of life. Five studies identified from the review have examined the relationships between depression and quality of life. It was established that the prevalence of anxiety and depression was high among hemodialysis patients, and the same was associated with low quality of life.
Conclusion: The literature review highlights the negative associations between anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hemodialysis patients. It is, therefore, essential to screen hemodialysis patients frequently for anxiety and depression using a short-form questionnaire. This screening would allow for providing early interventions, and the potential deterioration of quality of life could be prevented. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess these relationships. Additionally, further research is needed to determine effective interventional programs to improve the overall quality of life.
Modeling and Simulation of Energy Management Hybrid Sources System composed of Solar-PV and Battery
Authors: Maamir Madiha , Betka Achour , Aboub Hania 
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the modeling and control of a hybrid source consisting of PV generator (as main source) along with a battery (as an auxiliary source) and a dc-load are connected through power converters and a dc-link. The main objective of this paper is to design a power manager to control effectively the power of the different sources. To test the effectiveness of the different control techniques involved, simulation results are plotted and commented.
A multi-year time series of observation-based 3D horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic global ocean currents
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli Bruno 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Estimates of 3D ocean circulation are needed to improve our
understanding of ocean dynamics and to assess their impact on marine
ecosystems and Earth climate. Here we present the OMEGA3D product, an
observation-based time series of (quasi-)global 3D ocean currents covering
the 1993–2018 period, developed by the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche within the European Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring
Service (CMEMS). This dataset was obtained by applying a diabatic
quasi-geostrophic (QG) diagnostic model to the data-driven CMEMS-ARMOR3D weekly
reconstruction of temperature and salinity as well as ERA Interim fluxes. Outside
the equatorial band, vertical velocities were retrieved in the upper 1500 m at 1∕4∘ nominal resolution and successively used to
compute the horizontal ageostrophic components. Root mean square differences between OMEGA3D total horizontal velocities and totally independent drifter
observations at two different depths (15 and 1000 m) decrease with respect
to corresponding estimates obtained from zero-order geostrophic balance,
meaning that estimated vertical velocities can also be deemed reliable.
OMEGA3D horizontal velocities are also closer to drifter observations than
velocities provided by a set of reanalyses spanning a comparable time
period but based on data assimilation in ocean general circulation
numerical models. The full OMEGA3D product (released on 31 March 2020) is available
upon free registration at https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/multiobs_glo_phy_w_rep_015_007 (Buongiorno Nardelli, 2020a). The reduced subset used here for validation and review purposes is
openly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696885
(Buongiorno Nardelli, 2020b).
Modelling mussel (Mytilus spp.) microplastic accumulation
Authors: Stamataki Natalia , Hatzonikolakis Yannis , Tsiaras Kostas , Tsangaris Catherine , Petihakis George , Sofianos Sarantis , Triantafyllou George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Microplastics (MPs) are a contaminant of growing concern due to
their widespread distribution and interactions with marine species, such as
filter feeders. To investigate the MPs accumulation in wild and cultured
mussels, a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model was developed and validated
with the available field data of Mytilus edulis (M. edulis, wild) from the North Sea and Mytilus galloprovincialis (M. galloprovincialis,
cultured) from the northern Ionian Sea. Towards a generic DEB model, the
site-specific model parameter, half-saturation coefficient (Xk), was
applied as a power function of food density for the cultured mussel, while
for the wild mussel it was calibrated to a constant value. The
DEB-accumulation model simulated the uptake and excretion rate of MPs,
taking into account environmental characteristics (temperature and
chlorophyll a). An accumulation of MPs equal to 0.53 particles per individual (fresh tissue mass 1.9 g) and 0.91 particles per individual (fresh tissue mass 3.3 g) was simulated for the wild and
cultured mussel after 4 and 1 years respectively, in agreement with the
field data. The inverse experiments investigating the depuration time of the
wild and cultured mussel in a clean-from-MPs environment showed a 90 %
removal of MPs load after 2.5 and 12 d respectively. Furthermore,
sensitivity tests on model parameters and forcing functions highlighted that
besides MPs concentration, the accumulation is highly dependent on
temperature and chlorophyll a of the surrounding environment. For this
reason, an empirical equation was found, directly relating the environmental
concentration of MPs, with the seawater temperature, chlorophyll a, and the
mussel's soft tissue MPs load.
Modeling soil and landscape evolution – the effect of rainfall and land-use change on soil and landscape patterns
Authors: van der Meij W. Marijn , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Wallinga Jakob , Sommer Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Humans have substantially altered soil and landscape patterns and properties due to agricultural use, with severe impacts on
biodiversity, carbon sequestration and food security. These impacts are
difficult to quantify, because we lack data on long-term changes in soils in
natural and agricultural settings and available simulation methods are not
suitable for reliably predicting future development of soils under projected changes in climate and land management. To help overcome these challenges,
we developed the HydroLorica soil–landscape evolution model that simulates soil development by explicitly modeling the spatial water balance as a driver of soil- and landscape-forming processes. We simulated 14 500 years of soil formation under natural conditions for three scenarios of different rainfall inputs. For each scenario we added a 500-year period of intensive
agricultural land use, where we introduced tillage erosion and changed
vegetation type. Our results show substantial differences between natural soil patterns under
different rainfall input. With higher rainfall, soil patterns become more
heterogeneous due to increased tree throw and water erosion. Agricultural
patterns differ substantially from the natural patterns, with higher
variation of soil properties over larger distances and larger correlations
with terrain position. In the natural system, rainfall is the dominant
factor influencing soil variation, while for agricultural soil patterns
landform explains most of the variation simulated. The cultivation of soils
thus changed the dominant factors and processes influencing soil formation and thereby also increased predictability of soil patterns. Our study
highlights the potential of soil–landscape evolution modeling for simulating past and future developments of soil and landscape patterns. Our results confirm that humans have become the dominant soil-forming factor in
agricultural landscapes.
ALGORITHMIC WOMEN’S WORK: THE LABOUR OF NEGOTIATING BLACK-BOXED REPRESENTATION
Authors: Kant Tanya 
Published: August 2020

This paper argues that under the proprietary logics of the contemporary web, the ‘algorithmic identities’ (Cheney-Lippold, 2017) created by platforms like Google and Facebook function as value-generating constellations that unequally distribute the burdens of being made in data. The paper focuses on a particular identity demographic: that of the algorithmically inferred 'female', based in the 'UK', 'aged 25-34', and therefore deemed to be interested in 'fertility'. Though other algorithmic profiles certainly exist (and generate their own critical problems), I will use this particular template of subjectivity to explore issues of representation, black-boxing and user trust from a gendered perspective.
Combining online audience reception with political economy, I analyse two ad campaigns - for Clearblue Pregnancy Tests and the Natural Cycles Contraceptive app - to understand how the algorithmically fertile female comes to exist, both at the level of the database and at the level of ad representation. I argue that black-boxing occurs at two stages in this process: firstly when the subject is computationally constituted as female (ie in the database) and secondly when the user herself is delivered the ads informed by her algorithmic identity (ie at the interface). This black-boxing creates 'algorithmic imaginaries' (Bucher, 2016) for the user wherein the burden of being made a fertile female in data is experienced as a form of immaterial and emotional labour. Some algorithmic constitutions can therefore be considered a form of algorithmic women's work; work that potentially generates distrust in targeted advertising.
De energietransitie: wie kunnen, willen en mogen er meedoen?
Authors: Breukers Sylvia , Agterbosch Susanne , Mourik Ruth 
Published: August 2020

Energy transition in the Netherlands: who can and will benefit?
In this article we discuss the role and position of different types of low income households in Dutch renewable energy transition processes using the concept of energy poverty. We explore which benefits and/or (dis)advantages (unintentionally) result from energy policies and regulations. And to what extent the distribution of these (dis)advantages benefit the position of different types of households. To this end we present an analytical perspective that enables us to evaluate renewable energy transition policies and governance on procedural and distributional aspects: paying attention to issues of recognition, equity and justice. The perspective draws on ideas in environmental justice literature and on ideas in social resilience literature. Combining these ideas in a new analytical framework proved to be useful in articulating some major policy challenges in relation to energy poverty in the Netherlands today.