bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printing Untethered Self‐Reconfigurable, Self‐Amputating Soft Robots from Recyclable Self‐Healing Fibers
Authors: Gao Yidan , Tang Wei , Zhong Yiding , Guo Xinyu , Qin Kecheng , Wang Yonghao , Kramarenko Elena Yu. , Zou Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRegarding the challenge of self‐reconfiguration and self‐amputation of soft robots, existing studies mainly focus on modular soft robots and connection methods between modules. Different from these studies, this study focus on the behavior of individual soft robots from a material perspective. Here, a kind of soft fibers, which consist of hot melt adhesive particles, magnetizable microparticles, and ferroferric oxide microparticles embedded in a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix are proposed. The soft fibers can achieve wireless self‐healing and reversible bonding of the fibers by eddy current heating and can be actuated by magnetic fields. Moreover, the soft fibers are recyclable and printable. Building on this material foundation, an integrated material‐structure‐actuation printing strategy using soft fibers for the design and fabrication of soft robots are reported. The robots printed by this strategy can achieve their untethered motions and wireless self‐healing. Soft gripper, soft crawling robot, and soft multi‐legged robot, are then fabricated which demonstrates the self‐healing, self‐reconfigurable, self‐amputating, and sustainable performances of soft robots so as to adapt to different environments and tasks. This integrated material‐structure‐actuation printing strategy using soft fibers is universal, easy to implement, and mass‐manufactured, opening a door for sustainable, eco‐friendly, untethered, self‐reconfigurable, self‐amputating soft robots.
Targeting piRNA‐137463 Inhibits Tumor Progression and Boosts Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade via De Novo Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhan Yuning , Tian Fanglin , Fan Weina , Li Xin , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Hongxia , Hong Xin , Wang Xin , Cai Li , Song Yang , Xing Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe important role of PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in tumors has garnered increasing attention. However, research on their role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains limited. Elevated levels of piRNA‐137463 have been linked to poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Inhibition of piRNA‐137463 curbed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells, enhanced T cell cytotoxicity through increased IFN‐γ secretion, disrupted cholesterol metabolism, and reduced intracellular cholesterol, lipid raft content, and PD‐L1 expression in LUAD cells. Bioinformatic prediction identified a potential interaction between piRNA‐137463 and lncRNA LOC100128494. Inhibiting piRNA‐137463 increased the stability and expression of LOC100128494, which further modulated insulin‐induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1) levels via a competitive endogenous RNA network involving LOC100128494 and miR‐24‐3p. Notably, the effect of piRNA‐137463 in LUAD cells is dependent on the expression of LOC100128494 and INSIG1. Inhibiting the expression of piRNA‐137463 with AntagopiRNA‐137463 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis via LOC100128494 in nude mice and enhanced the response of LUAD to anti‐PD‐1 therapy in immune‐competent mice. In summary, this study elucidates the role of piRNA‐137463 in the reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism, which drives the progression of LUAD, thereby identifying a new target for the comprehensive clinical management of LUAD.
The Distance‐Dependent Electric Field Theory for Sliding Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Bulathsinghala Rameesh L. , Deane Jonathan H.B. , Dharmasena R.D. Ishara G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated outstanding potential as energy harvesters and sensors for future wearable electronics. However, TENGs still require major improvements in their theory and optimization, especially for the sliding‐mode designs. Addressing this gap, a novel theoretical model based on the distance‐dependent electric field (DDEF) theory for sliding mode TENGs is presented here. The model is used to simulate the electrical outputs and impedance behaviour of a sliding mode TENG, and the results are verified experimentally. The outcomes indicate that compared to existing theoretical models, this new model provides higher accuracy in representing experimental TENG. Next, all the primary parameters (material, structural and motion parameters) which affect the sliding mode TENG are analyzed, uncovering new optimization strategies and more comprehensive parametric analysis compared to previous models. More importantly, the theoretical approach is equally applicable to sliding mode TENG as well as contact‐separation mode TENG. This eliminates the need for bespoke capacitor models for each TENG type, leading to a universal theoretical platform for TENGs. The new model facilitates cross‐comparison between different TENG working modes, uncovering a range of previously unreported output trends. Hence, this work significantly expands the understanding of TENGs, paving way to more efficient future device designs.
Potential of Japanese Macaques for Understanding Etiology and Seasonality of Repetitive Linear Enamel Hypoplasia in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Skinner Mark Fretson , Asami Mao , Skinner Matthew M. , Kato Akiko 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTJapanese macaques are ideal to advance understanding of a wide‐spread pattern of recurrent developmental distress in great apes, preserved as repetitive linear enamel hypoplasia (rLEH). Not only are they numerous, unendangered, and well‐studied, but they are distributed from warm‐temperate evergreen habitats in southern Japan to cool‐temperate habitats in the north, where they are adapted behaviorally and phenotypically to winter cold and seasonal undernutrition. We provide a pilot study to determine if enamel hypoplasia exists in Japanese macaques from the north and, if temporal patterns of enamel hypoplasia are consistent with seasonal cold, undernutrition and/or exposure to secondary plant compounds. High‐resolution casts of canine teeth from 15 males obtained from Shimokita Peninsula (latitude 41.3° N) between 2012 and 2014, whose skeletons are curated at the Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, were imaged by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Perikymata, the surface expression of regularly deposited imbricational layers of enamel, provide an estimate of time between and within hypoplastic enamel defects. Based on histological sections from five individuals, we determined Retzius periodicity to be 7 days. Evidence for recurrence, duration, and severity of 68 LEH defects was collected from perikymata counts as well as measurements of LEH angle of onset, depth and width. Male canine teeth show four to five recurrent, evenly‐spaced enamel defects per crown with a median of 54.8 (range 18–74) perikymata between defects; lasting on average 8.7 (range 1–20) perikymata. These translate into repetitive developmental distress averaging every 1.05 years, lasting 8.7 weeks, less than local winter foraging conditions (100 days). We conclude that linear enamel hypoplasia recurs circ‐annually among high‐latitude male monkeys from Japan. The triad of cold, hunger and anti‐feedants can be differentiated in future study through recourse to provisioned and un‐provisioned populations throughout the Japanese archipelago.
Early life exposure to structural sexism and late‐life memory trajectories among black and white women and men in the United States
Authors: Avila‐Rieger Justina F. , Adkins‐Jackson Paris B. , Hill‐Jarrett Tanisha G. , Robinson Whitney R. , Keyes Katherine M. , Schupf Nicole , Brickman Adam M. , Mayeux Richard P. , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated whether early life exposure to state‐level structural sexism influenced late‐life memory trajectories among United Staes (U.S.) ‐born women and men and determined whether associations differed between racialized groups.METHODSParticipants were from the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP; N = 2314) and Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 18,631). State‐level structural sexism was measured via U.S. census and administrative data and linked to participants in each study by birth year and state.RESULTSExposure to greater structural sexism was associated with lower baseline memory performance among WHICAP women and HRS men and faster memory decline among women in both studies. Women born in the state with the highest structural sexism showed memory decline like that of those who were 9 years older. Structural sexism‐baseline memory associations were stronger among Black women than White women.DISCUSSIONEarly life exposure to structural sexism negatively impacts late‐life memory trajectories among women.Highlights
A longitudinal measure captured state‐level structural sexism from 1900 to 1960.
Exposure to structural sexism was associated with worse late‐life memory outcomes.
Associations were strongest among women for memory decline.
The negative impact on memory performance was stronger among Black women.
Lowering structural sexism may, in turn, reduce memory decline among women.
Isoproterenol mechanisms in inducing myocardial fibrosis and its application as an experimental model for the evaluation of therapeutic potential of phytochemicals and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bader Eddin Lujain , Nagoor Meeran Mohamed Fizur , Kumar Jha Niraj , Goyal Samer N. , Ojha Shreesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiac injury initiates repair mechanisms and results in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, which appears to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, mainly collagen in the cardiac interstitium. Many experimental studies have demonstrated that fibrotic injury in the heart is reversible; therefore, it is vital to understand different molecular mechanisms that are involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to enable the development of antifibrotic agents. Of the many experimental models, one of the recent models that has gained renewed interest is isoproterenol (ISP)–induced cardiac fibrosis. ISP is a synthetic catecholamine, sympathomimetic, and nonselective β‐adrenergic receptor agonist. The overstimulated and sustained activation of β‐adrenergic receptors has been reported to induce biochemical and physiological alterations and ultimately result in cardiac remodeling. ISP has been used for decades to induce acute myocardial infarction. However, the use of low doses and chronic administration of ISP have been shown to induce cardiac fibrosis; this practice has increased in recent years. Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous ISP has been widely used in preclinical studies to induce cardiac remodeling manifested by fibrosis and hypertrophy. The induced oxidative stress with subsequent perturbations in cellular signaling cascades through triggering the release of free radicals is considered the initiating mechanism of myocardial fibrosis. ISP is consistently used to induce fibrosis in laboratory animals and in cardiomyocytes isolated from animals. In recent years, numerous phytochemicals and synthetic molecules have been evaluated in ISP‐induced cardiac fibrosis. The present review exclusively provides a comprehensive summary of the pathological biochemical, histological, and molecular mechanisms of ISP in inducing cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. It also summarizes the application of this experimental model in the therapeutic evaluation of natural as well as synthetic compounds to demonstrate their potential in mitigating myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy.
Enhancing Oil Rejection in PVDF and PSF membranes: The Role of SiO2 NPs
Authors: Senol‐Arslan Dilek , Gul Ayse 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOily water negatively affects both land and marine ecosystems. To combat this, membrane production can effectively treat oil waste and recycle over 90% of it. This study compares the influence of SiO2 nanoparticles on oil rejection in two types of membranes: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF). The SiO2 NPs are characterized by FTIR, SEM analysis, and zeta potential measurements. SiO2 NPs embedded PSF and PVDF membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM analysis, contact angle, water permeability, oil rejection measurements, and recycling experiments. The results of the experiments showed that oil rejection reached maximum values of 92.2% for 2 wt% PSF/SiO2, and 94.1% for 2 wt% PVDF/SiO2 membranes. The experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of SiO₂ nanoparticles enhances the oil rejection efficiency of two distinct membrane types, exhibiting notable performance disparities contingent on the selected membrane material. This methodology achieves a recycling rate of over 90% for oil waste, signifying a substantial advancement in environmental protection and sustainable development. Consequently, the membrane production technique is regarded as an efficacious approach for the management and recycling of oil waste.
Large π‐Conjugated Structure Strategy for Optimizing Polyimide Film‐Forming Properties and Developing Gas Fluorescence Sensors
Authors: Wang Xuecheng , Xu Chunyan , Wang Chenyi , Zhao Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFour different amounts of anthracene groups were introduced into the polyimide (PI) backbone by one‐step polycondensation. This bulky and rigid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure effectively improved the solubility of the polyimide material. Therefore, the anthracene‐containing polyimides (ANPIs) were easily cast into the films at room temperature. The introduction of anthracene chromophores significantly developed the fluorescence performance of polyimides. It was found that the photoluminescence emission band of ANPIs migrated from the blue to the orange light region as the samples changed from solution to film. This is related to the aggregation of molecular chains in a solid state. Furthermore, ethanol and phenylethanol were selected to investigate the fluorescence response of the ANPI film. Interestingly, the sample displayed a noticeable luminescent “turn‐off” effect on the targets. It could be considered a convenient strategy for the detection of organic gases.
Post‐operative incidence of lymphedema after RARP with or without extended pelvic lymph node dissection in a cohort study
Authors: Clinckaert Andries , Ysenbaardt Laura , Bijnens Annabel , Van Calster Charlotte , Geraerts Inge , Joniau Steven , Devoogdt Nele , Bijnens Luc , Everaerts Wouter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesLymphedema of the lower limbs and pubic area is a potential complication following extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The incidence of lymphedema after ePLND has not been systematically reported in the literature. This study aimed to determine the incidence of lymphedema, describe its clinical characteristics and identify specific risk factors in patients undergoing RARP with or without ePLND.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre between April 2016 and July 2020. Structured electronic case report forms (eCRFs) integrated into the electronic health record system were used to document intraoperative, perioperative and postoperative data. The primary endpoint was the incidence of lymphedema. Secondary endpoints included risk factors for and localization of the postoperative lymphedema.ResultsA total of 500 patients who underwent RARP were included, with 301 patients undergoing ePLND and 199 patients without any form of PLND. Median follow‐up period was 18 (range 3–49) months. Seventy‐eight out of 301 (26%) of patients who underwent ePLND developed lymphedema, compared to only 2 out of 199 (1%) patients without ePLND. In most patients (49/301, 16%), lymphedema was mild (grade 1), whereas 29 patients (10%) developed grade 2 lymphedema. Twenty‐six patients (9%) received decongestive lymphatic therapy. The most frequent site of lymphedema occurrence were the lower (54%) and the upper legs (40%). The number of nodes removed during RARP was identified as a risk factor for post‐operative lymphedema (OR 1.04; p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this cohort study, approximately one in four patients undergoing RARP with ePLND developed lower limb and/or midline oedema, whereas one in ten patients started decongestive lymphatic therapy for symptomatic lymphedema. These findings provide valuable information for patient counselling about the potential benefits and risks of ePLND.
Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields targeting spleen modifies the populations of immunocytes in the spleen
Authors: Chen Sijia , Wei Wei , Wang Ziang , Zhu Jiazhen , Zhang Hailong , Wang Guihu , Guo Ni , Li Jun , Mu Yanhua , Zhang Naming , Li Zongfang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOur study focused on investigating the bioeffects of extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) on the immune function of the spleen. We designed an electromagnetic instrument that can locally target on spleen, the spleens of mice were locally exposed to the ELF‐EMF (50 Hz, 30 mT) for 14 days (4 h/day). Parallelly, the isolated splenic T cells were exposed to ELF‐EMF (50 Hz, 15 mT) for 2 h. After the exposure, the splenocyte showed a reduced apoptosis rate. Among the splenocytes, the CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells accumulated, the percentage of B cells decreased. In vitro study demonstrated that ELF‐EMF induced the alteration of T cell subsets, showing an increased percentage of CD4+ T cells and a decreased percentage of CD8+ T cells. Within CD4+ T cells, the population of T helper (Th) 17 cells increased, and the population of regulatory T cells (Treg) cells decreased. The enrichment of the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway in the splenic T cells was found to be reduced after exposure to ELF‐EMF. Our findings suggest that ELF‐EMF regulated the immune function of the spleen by changing the proportion of immune cells in the spleen. Specifically, the differentiation of spleen T cells was induced by ELF‐EMF toward Th17 cells and inhibited by ELF‐EMF into Treg cells. The NF‐κB signaling pathway probably accounts for the effects of ELF‐EMF on the spleen T cells.
The Progression‐Free‐Survival Ratio in Molecularly Aided Tumor Trials: A Critical Examination of Current Practice and Suggestions for Alternative Methods
Authors: Edelmann Dominic , Terzer Tobias , Horak Peter , Schlenk Richard , Benner Axel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe progression‐free‐survival ratio is a popular endpoint in oncology trials, which is frequently applied to evaluate the efficacy of molecularly targeted treatments in late‐stage patients. Using elementary calculations and simulations, numerous shortcomings of the current methodology are pointed out. As a remedy to these shortcomings, an alternative methodology is proposed, using a marginal Cox model or a marginal accelerated failure time model for clustered time‐to‐event data. Using comprehensive simulations, it is shown that this methodology outperforms existing methods in settings where the intrapatient correlation is low to moderate. The performance of the model is further demonstrated in a real data example from a molecularly aided tumor trial. Sample size considerations are discussed.
Visualize PIM‐1 Protein Function and Its Interaction With PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Regulated by Its Active Sites Through FRET Biosensors
Authors: Li Na , Zhao Youyi , Wang Danbo , Shao Shuai , Zhang Zhengyao , Liu Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPro‐viral Insertion site for the Moloney Murine Leukemia virus 1 (PIM‐1) is widely involved in various biological processes and diseases, which is based on its structure and functional sites. However, the relationship between active sites and function of PIM‐1 kinase remains unclear due to the lack of effective study approaches in live cells. Herein, to visualize the effect of different active sites in PIM‐1 protein on its function activity and relation with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, three mutant probes of EPHY which was developed previously based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology to detect PIM‐1 kinase activity in living cells were further constructed and transfected into cells followed by treating with PIM‐1 inhibitors, ATP and PI3K inhibitor, respectively. The results showed that Lys67 is related to substrate binding and catalytic activity of PIM‐1 kinase, thereby directly regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Pro81/Asn82 are primarily participated in PIM‐1 binding to ATP, thus also involving in the modulation on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but play less role in the interaction between PIM‐1 protein and its substrate. Asp167 has few effects on both the catalytic function activity of PIM‐1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, even though the binding ability of PIM‐1 protein to its substrate is dramatically inhibited by D167A mutation. Altogether, the mutant probes works well as visualization tools to unearth the function of active sites in PIM‐1 kinase, not only facilitating the further clarification of molecular mechanism underlying PIM‐1 related signaling pathways, but also shedding light on drug development and disease therapy targeting PIM‐1 protein.
Real‐World Prevalence, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes for Patients With HER2 (ERBB2)‐Mutant Metastatic Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer, From a US‐Based Clinico‐Genomic Database
Authors: Waliany Sarah , Nagasaka Misako , Park Leah , Lam Clara , Jiang Zoe , Lin Feng , Neal Joel W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTargeted therapies have been shown to improve outcomes in metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with driver mutations. We evaluated the real‐world prevalence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) tumor gene mutations among patients with mNSCLC and described historical treatments and outcomes in patients with HER2‐mutant mNSCLC, during a period when there was no approved targeted therapy for HER2‐mutant mNSCLC.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study used a US nationwide de‐identified NSCLC clinico‐genomic database. Eligible patients were adults diagnosed with HER2‐mutant mNSCLC from January 2014 to July 2021 without co‐occuring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tumor mutations. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize prevalence, baseline characteristics and treatment patterns. Clinical outcomes were estimated with Kaplan–Meier analyses.ResultsAmong 9206 patients with mNSCLC, 164 (1.78%) met the eligibility criteria (mean age: 67.3 years, 63.4% White, 56.7% female, and 53.0% with a smoking history). 132/164 (80.5%) had at least one line of treatment. Platinum‐based chemotherapy (45.5%) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) with chemotherapy (28.0%) were the most frequently used first‐line treatments. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) real‐world (rw) progression‐free survival in first‐line was 5.5 (4.8, 6.2) months and 3.0 (2.3, 4.2) months in second‐line. The median rw overall survival in first‐line was 13.2 (10.6, 18.4) months and 8.2 (6.6, 13.2) months in second‐line.ConclusionDuring this study period, the most common regimens were platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without ICI in first and second line, and median rwOS was 13.2 and 8.2 months, respectively. These results indicate the need for more effective targeted therapies in this patient population.