bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practices of preventive maintenance planning in discrete manufacturing industry
Authors: Salonen Antti , Gopalakrishnan Maheshwaran 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of the Swedish manufacturing industry to implement dynamic, data-driven preventive maintenance (PM) by identifying the gap between the state of the art and the state of practice.Design/methodology/approachAn embedded multiple case study was performed in which some of the largest companies in the discrete manufacturing industry, that is, mechanical engineering, were surveyed regarding the design of their PM programmes.FindingsThe studied manufacturing companies make limited use of the existing scientific state of the art when designing their PM programmes. They seem to be aware of the possibilities for improvement, but they also see obstacles to changing their practices according to future requirements.Practical implicationsThe results of this study will benefit both industry professionals and academicians, setting the initial stage for the development of data-driven, diversified and dynamic PM programmes.Originality/ValueFirst and foremost, this study maps the current state and practice in PM planning among some of the larger automotive manufacturing industries in Sweden. This work reveals a gap between the state of the art and the state of practice in the design of PM programmes. Insights regarding this gap show large improvement potentials which may prove important for academics as well as practitioners.
Disclosing CSR by Islamic banks: does Jaiz Bank Nigeria, Plc adopt the practice of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited?
Authors: Umar Umar Habibu , Musa Sulaiman 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to establish whether Jaiz Bank Nigeria, Plc (JBNP) adopts the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice and disclosure of Islami Bank Bangladesh (IBBL) as the latter provided managerial and technical assistance to the former.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the banks from 2013 to 2017.

Findings
The study established that over the period, IBBL had clearly disclosed sector-wise CSR expenditures and the number of beneficiaries, such as humanitarian and disaster relief, education, health and environment, among others, for the welfare of the poor and the needy in the country. However, the CSR practice and disclosure of IBBL have not yet been adopted by JBNP. It only discharges CSR activities through its foundation called Jaiz Foundation, with unlawful income based on the doctrine of necessity, as approved by the Financial Regulation Advisory Council of Experts (FRACE) of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Further, the total amount to expend for CSR activities is located in the statement of sources and uses of charity funds.

Research limitations/implications
The study covered only two Islamic Banks. Besides, only CSR aspects for the community service and development over five years were examined.

Practical implications
It is suggested that JBNP should adopt the CSR practice and disclosure of IBBL for the welfare of the poor and the needy in Nigeria.

Social implications
Adopting the IBBL CSR practice and disclosure by JBNP would contribute to the minimization of the incidence of poverty in Nigeria.

Originality/value
This study, to the best knowledge of the researchers, is among the few of its kind that deeply evaluated the CSR expenditure of Islamic banks solely for the welfare of the poor and the needy of the society.
Thresholds in finance–growth nexus: Evidence from G‐7 economies
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara , Dharani Munusamy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study explores the finance and economic growth nexus in G‐7 economies as these countries experience significantly higher levels of financial development. Using a balanced panel of 31 years from 1983 to 2013, we provide new evidence on the finance–growth relationship. We show the presence of nonlinearity as there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between finance and growth in the long run. Estimating the thresholds in the finance–growth nexus, we notice that there exists a threshold effect of finance at 109% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We observe that exceeding the threshold would hinder the countries instead of furthering economic growth as too much finance is harmful. Based on the panel Granger causality test results, we claim that financial development should be associated with optimal growth performance. Our findings for the G‐7 economies offer some useful policy inferences to the emerging and developing economies in designing their financial development strategies.
Symbiotic bacteria attenuate Drosophila oviposition repellence to alkaline through acidification
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Jie , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Yang Ying‐Chun , Kang Ru‐Xue , Bai Peng , Fu Hui , Chen Li‐Rong , Gao Yan‐Ping , Tan Eng King 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetazoans harbor a wealth of symbionts that are ever‐changing the environment by taking up resources and/or excreting metabolites. One such common environmental modification is a change in pH. Conventional wisdom holds that symbionts facilitate the survival and production of their hosts in the wild, but this notion lacks empirical evidence. Here, we report that symbiotic bacteria in the genus Enterococcus attenuate the oviposition avoidance of alkaline environments in Drosophila. We studied the effects of alkalinity on oviposition preference for the first time, and found that flies are robustly disinclined to oviposit on alkali‐containing substrates. This innate repulsion to alkaline environments is explained, in part, by the fact that alkalinity compromises the health and lifespan of both offspring and parent Drosophila. Enterococcus dramatically diminished or even completely reversed the ovipositional avoidance of alkalinity in Drosophila. Mechanistically, Enterococcus generate abundant lactate during fermentation, which neutralizes the residual alkali in an egg‐laying substrate. In conclusion, Enterococcus protects Drosophila from alkali stress by acidifying the ovipositional substrate, and ultimately improves the fitness of the Drosophila population. Our results demonstrate that symbionts are profound factors in the Drosophila ovipositional decision, and extend our understanding of the intimate interactions between Drosophila and their symbionts.
Only mothers feed mature offspring in EuropeanCeratinabees
Authors: Mikát Michael , Waldhauserová Jitka , Fraňková Tereza , Čermáková Kateřina , Brož Vojtěch , Zeman Šimon , Dokulilová Marcela , Straka Jakub 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParental care directed to adult offspring is uncommon in animals. Such parental care has been documented in Xylocopinae bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Moreover, someCeratinabees (Xylocopinae) are known to feed mature siblings, and feeding of mature siblings is achieved by dwarf eldest daughters when mothers died. These daughters are intentionally malnourished by mothers and usually originate from the first brood cell.Here, we examined the pattern of care provided to young adults in three small European carpenter bees:Ceratina(Ceratina)cucurbitina,C. (Euceratina)chalybea, andC. (E.)nigrolabiata. Observations of nest departures and arrivals were performed to study foraging behavior. We detected intensive foraging behavior of mothers in all three studied species. However, we did not observe regular foraging behavior of daughters in any species. The experimental removal of mothers inC. cucurbitinaled to the emigration of young adults and did not initiate foraging activity in daughters. We conclude that the feeding of siblings does not occur in these species unlike in the American speciesC. calcarata. We detected female‐biased sex ratios in the first brood cell inC. cucurbitinaandC. chalybea. Female offspring in the first brood cell was smaller than other female offspring only inC. cucurbitina. Our results show that a female‐biased sex ratio and the small size of daughters in the first brood cell do not provide sufficient evidence for demonstrating the existence of an altruistic daughter and also that the pattern of maternal investment is not exclusively shaped by social interactions.
Effects of mixed signals on employer attractiveness: A mixed‐method study based on signalling and convention theory
Authors: Pernkopf Katharina , Latzke Markus , Mayrhofer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional recruiting activities are marked by information asymmetry and organisational information control, leading to uncertainty among applicants about employer attractiveness. New technologies profoundly change the picture. Recruiting websites provide more thorough, yet controlled information; online employer reviews offer employee‐generated information mostly out of organisational control. While this diminishes information asymmetry, applicants have to handle incongruent information. It remains largely unclear how so‐called ‘mixed signals’ affect employer attractiveness and how applicants interpret them. To address the issue, we developed an integrated theoretical framework based on signalling and convention theory to better understand how applicants interpret and evaluate signals about employers. We then conducted a mixed‐method study to examine how congruent and mixed signals influence perceived employer attractiveness. Our results show that while congruent signals increase employer attractiveness and mixed‐signal situations reduce it, distinct evaluative patterns emerge when potential applicants reflect and judge employers. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
An amplicon sequencing protocol for attacker identification from DNA traces left on artificial prey
Authors: Rößler Daniela C. , Lötters Stefan , Veith Michael , Fugmann Michèle , Peters Charlene , Künzel Sven , Krehenwinkel Henrik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Clay model studies are a popular tool to identify predator–prey interactions that are challenging to observe directly in the field. But despite its wide use, the method's applicability is limited by its low taxonomic resolution. Attack marks on clay models are usually identified visually, which only allows classification into higher taxonomic levels of predators. Thus, the method is often biased, lacks proof and, above all, standardization.

Here, we tested whether precise identification of attackers can be provided by amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA left in bite marks on clay models. We validated our approach in a controlled laboratory study as well as in a field experiment using clay models of a common European amphibian, the European fire salamander Salamandra salamandra. DNA‐based taxonomic assignments were additionally compared to visual assessments of bite marks.

We show that trace DNA of attackers can be routinely isolated and sequenced from bite marks, providing accurate species‐level classification. In contrast, visual identification alone yielded a high number of unassigned predator taxa. We also highlight the sensitivity of the method and show likely sources of contamination as well as probable cases of secondary and indirect predation.

Our standardized approach for species‐level attacker identification opens up new possibilities far beyond the standard use of clay models to date, including food web studies at unprecedented detail, invasive species monitoring as well as biodiversity inventories.
Temperature changes affect the rheological properties of a silicone‐based and an epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers
Authors: de Freitas Jéssica Vavavassori , Ebert Johannes , Mazzi‐Chaves Jardel Francisco , Tomazinho Flávia Sens Fagundes , Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião de , Lohbauer Ulrich , Baratto‐Filho Flares 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo evaluate temperature changes on the rheological properties (setting time and complex viscosity (η*)) of GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ). Rheological measurements were performed in oscillating mode at the strain amplitude and angular frequency of 0.01% and 10 rad s−1, respectively. Each sealer (n = 5) was tested running a temperature ramp (rapid increase to 80°C, 1 min constantly at 80°C, and slower decrease to 37°C). Control groups (n = 5) were tested at a constant temperature of 37°C. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and one‐way ANOVA (P < 0.05) statistical tests were performed. The temperature ramp reduced setting time of GFB (24.85 to 4.45 min) (P < 0.05), but did not alter that of AHPJ (P > 0.05). GFB exhibited an increased η*, whereas the AHPJ η* was decreased when heated (P < 0.05). Rheological properties of sealers were negatively affected by temperature changes.
The impact of Caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome
Authors: Hoang Delphine M. , Levy Elvira I. , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimDescription of the impact of caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome, infant health and solutions to restore the dysbiosis.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant articles. Only articles published in English were selected. Separate searches were performed for each topic. We selected 60 articles published between 1999 and 2019 by extracting subject headings and key words of interest for this topic.ResultsCaesarean section is an obstetrical procedure that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. On top of the maternal and neonatal risks that this procedure carries, it also induces a dysbiosis of the infant intestinal microbiome possibly challenging the health outcome for the infant. Antibiotics administered during Caesarean deliveries contribute to the development of the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, breastfeeding and several interventions such as vaginal seeding and supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may contribute to the restoration of the dysbiosis.ConclusionCaesarean section is associated with the development of an imbalance of the infant gut microbiome. Long‐term consequences of this imbalance are debated. Besides breastfeeding, other strategies to restore this dysbiosis need further studies before they can be recommended.
Cross‐component registration for multivariate functional data, with application to growth curves
Authors: Carroll Cody , Müller Hans‐Georg , Kneip Alois 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultivariate functional data are becoming ubiquitous with advances in modern technology and are substantially more complex than univariate functional data. We propose and study a novel model for multivariate functional data where the component processes are subject to mutual time warping. That is, the component processes exhibit a similar shape but are subject to systematic phase variation across their time domains. To address this previously unconsidered mode of warping, we propose new registration methodology that is based on a shift‐warping model. Our method differs from all existing registration methods for functional data in a fundamental way. Namely, instead of focusing on the traditional approach to warping, where one aims to recover individual‐specific registration, we focus on shift registration across the components of a multivariate functional data vector on a population‐wide level. Our proposed estimates for these shifts are identifiable, enjoy parametric rates of convergence, and often have intuitive physical interpretations, all in contrast to traditional curve‐specific registration approaches. We demonstrate the implementation and interpretation of the proposed method by applying our methodology to the Zürich Longitudinal Growth data and study its finite sample properties in simulations.
Factors affecting third‐stage management and postpartum hemorrhage in planned midwife‐led home and birth center births in the United States
Authors: Erickson Elise N. , Bovbjerg Marit L. , Cheyney Melissa J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a potential childbirth complication. Little is known about how third‐stage labor is managed by midwives in the United States, including use of uterotonic medication during community birth. Access to uterotonic medication may vary based on credentials of the midwife or state regulations governing midwifery.MethodsUsing data from the Midwives of North America 2.0 database (2004‐2009), we describe the PPH incidence for women giving birth in the community, their demographic and clinical characteristics, and methods used by midwives to address PPH. We also examined PPH rates by midwifery credentials and by the presence of regulations for legal midwifery practice.ResultsOf the 17 836 vaginal births, 15.9% had blood loss of over 500 mL and 3.3% had 1000 mL or greater blood loss. Midwives used pharmaceuticals to prevent or treat postpartum bleeding in 6.3% and 13.9% of births, respectively, and the rate of hospital transfer after birth was 1.4% (n = 247). In adjusted analyses, PPH was less likely when births occurred at home vs a birth center, if the midwife had a CNM/CM credential vs a CPM/LM/LDM credential, or if the woman was multiparous without a history of PPH or prior cesarean birth. PPH was more likely in states with barriers to midwifery practice compared with regulated states (OR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.38).ConclusionsWomen giving birth in the community experienced low overall incidence of PPH‐related hospital transfer. However, the occurrence of PPH itself would likely be reduced with improved legal access to uterotonic medication.
Impacts of exclusion fencing on target and non‐target fauna: a global review
Authors: Smith Deane , King Rachel , Allen Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTExclusion fencing is a common tool used to mitigate a variety of unwanted economic losses caused by problematic wildlife. While the potential for agricultural, ecological and economic benefits of pest animal exclusion are often apparent, what is less clear are the costs and benefits to sympatric non‐target wildlife. This review examines the use of exclusion fencing in a variety of situations around the world to elucidate the potential outcomes of such fencing for wildlife and apply this knowledge to the recent uptake of exclusion fencing on livestock properties in the Australian rangelands. In Australia, exclusion fences are used to eliminate dingo (Canis familiaris dingo) predation on livestock, prevent crop‐raiding by emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae), and enable greater control over total grazing pressure through the reduction of macropods (Macropodidae) and feral goats (Capra hircus). A total of 208 journal articles were examined for location, a broad grouping of fence type, and the reported effects the fence was having on the study species. We found 51% of the literature solely discusses intended fencing effects, 42% discusses unintended effects, and only 7% considers both. Africa has the highest proportion of unintended effects literature (52.0%) and Australia has the largest proportion of literature on intended effects (34.2%). We highlight the potential for exclusion fencing to have positive effects on some species and negative effects on others (such as predator exclusion fencing posing a barrier to migration of other species), which remain largely unaddressed in current exclusion fencing systems. From this review we were able to identify where and how mitigation strategies have been successfully used in the past. Harnessing the potential benefits of exclusion fencing while avoiding the otherwise likely costs to both target and non‐target species will require more careful consideration than this issue has previously been afforded.
Prognostic significance of spatial immune profiles in human solid cancers
Authors: Tsujikawa Takahiro , Mitsuda Junichi , Ogi Hiroshi , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Konishi Eiichi , Itoh Kyoko , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune‐based tumor characteristics in the context of tumor heterogeneity are associated with suppression as well as promotion of cancer progression in various tumor types. As immunity typically functions based on intercellular contacts and short‐distance cytokine communications, the location and spatial relationships of the tumor immune microenvironment can provide a framework to understand the biology and potential predictive biomarkers related to disease outcomes. Immune spatial analysis is a newly emerging form of cancer research based on recent methodological advances in in situ single‐cell analysis, where cell‐cell interaction and the tissue architecture can be analyzed in relation to phenotyping the tumor immune heterogeneity. Spatial characteristics of tumors can be stratified into the tissue architecture level and the single‐cell level. At the tissue architecture level, the prognostic significance of the density of immune cell lineages, particularly T cells, is leveraged by understanding longitudinal changes in cell distribution in the tissue architecture such as intra‐tumoral and peri‐tumoral regions, and invasive margins. At the single‐cell level, the proximity of the tumor to the immune cells correlates with disease aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance, providing evidence to understand biological interactions and characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding spatial information of the tumor immune microenvironment and review advances and challenges in spatial single‐cell analysis toward developing tissue‐based biomarkers rooted in the immune spatial landscape.
Obesity and food‐related content aimed at children on YouTube
Authors: Castelló‐Martínez Araceli , Tur‐Viñes Victoria 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article explores the intersection between advertising by food brands, practices on YouTube and child obesity. The objective is to analyse the communication features of marketing content by food brands targeting children on YouTube. The existing literature confirming the relationship between exposure to food advertising and actual consumption prioritizes television while largely ignoring the digital world. When children connect to the internet, watching videos on YouTube is their most common activity. We analyse and compare the advertising by food brands on regular TV networks (traditional advertising) with videos by child YouTubers (influencing) in Spanish. An exploratory study is conducted by means of a content analysis of 304 videos, with 12 variables grouped into 2 categories: prevalence of ultra‐processed vs healthy products in advertising, and marketing style. The results reveal marked differences in practices between brands and child YouTubers, along with the rise of hybrid media forms. The conclusions highlight the absence of advertising warnings in content targeting children. Changes are recommended to increase the responsibility assumed by these media spaces that exert such a huge influence on an audience as vulnerable as children.