bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric Diagnostic Study of Subtle Syndesmotic Instability Using a 3-Dimensional Weight-Bearing CT Distance Mapping Algorithm
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , Talaski Grayson , Behrens Andrew , Mendes de Carvalho Kepler Alencar , Dibbern Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The diagnosis of syndesmotic instability is challenging, and chronically unstable injuries can potentially lead to ankle arthritic degeneration. The objective of this cadaveric study was to utilize a 3-dimensional (3D) weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) distance mapping algorithm for the detection of subtle syndesmotic instability, induced by complete syndesmotic ligament sectioning and stressed by isolated axial load. We hypothesized that this algorithm would accurately detect subtle syndesmotic instability.

Methods:
Nineteen matched pairs of through-the-knee cadaveric specimens (38 legs) were utilized. Specimens were mounted in a frame that allowed simulated axial weight-bearing (356 N). Specimens were scanned using cone-beam WBCT in the normal pre-injury state and after complete syndesmotic ligament sectioning. The deltoid ligament was kept intact, and no external rotational stress was applied. Syndesmotic incisura and lateral gutter distances were assessed and compared between pre-injury ipsilateral, contralateral, and injured states using a 3D WBCT distance mapping algorithm. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for the comparison of syndesmotic distance measurements between injured specimens and controls. P values of <0.05 were considered significant.

Results:
Overall, significantly increased distances were observed in injured specimens when compared with controls, with average relative syndesmotic widening in injured specimens of 16.9% (p = 0.0003), 11.3% (p = 0.0015), 6.4% (p = 0.0027), and 2.9% (p = 0.037) at the first 1, 3, 5, and 10 cm (proximal to the apex of the distal tibial articular surface), respectively. Widening was more pronounced in the anterior aspect of the syndesmosis, where the diagnostic accuracy was found to be highest at the first 1 and 3 cm of the syndesmotic incisura, with AUC values ranging from 80.9% to 83.0% (p < 0.0001) and with threshold diagnostic values of relative syndesmotic widening as low as 0.43 mm.

Conclusions:
The newly proposed 3D WBCT distance mapping algorithm was able to accurately detect subtle syndesmotic instability in a cadaveric model of complete syndesmotic sectioning under isolated axial weight-bearing load. This algorithm needs to be further validated in patients with suspected traumatic syndesmotic instability.

Clinical Relevance:
This cadaveric study demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy of a 3D WBCT distance mapping algorithm to detect subtle syndesmotic instability when stressed with isolated axial loading and in the absence of deltoid injury. The future use of this algorithm in patients with suspected unilateral traumatic syndesmotic instability could hopefully optimize the diagnosis and treatment decision-making.
Solution of Wave Equation by Linear Regression Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Al-Saif Nahdh S. M. Al-Saif , Shamran Mahmood A. , Ali Samah Mohammed Ali , Al-Azzawi Saad Naji 
Published: December 2024

تعتبر المعادلات التفاضلية الموجية من اهم المواضيع التي تمثل على سبيل المثال الحركة الموجية للاهتزازات الأرضية . ومن هنا فان ايجاد حلول تقريبيه لمثل هذه المعادلات بدقة وسرعه عالية وبشكل اسرع من الحلول التحليلية والمعقدة , اصبح ممكنا من خلال استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي واساليب التعلم الالي. في هذا البحث هناك ثلاثة أهداف الأول هو تحويل مشكلة القيمة الأولية للمعادلة الموجية إلى شكلها القانوني وإيجاد حلها الدقيق. والثاني هو كتابة خوارزمية الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية للانحدار الخطي. النتيجة الثالثة هي تطبيق هذه الخوارزمية لإيجاد حل عددي لمسألة القيمة الأولية قيد الدراسة. وأخيرا هو مقارنة الحل بواسطة جدول وأشكال لقيم معينة من المعلمات والشروط الأولية لبيان كفاءة طريقة الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية. تم الحصول على نتائج الحلول التقريبية ذات الخطأ البسيط جداً مقارنة بالحل الحقيقي للمعادلة التفاضلية الموجية من خلال تطبيق الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية التي تمثل معادلة الانحدار الخطي والتي تعطي ميزة السرعة العالية في الحصول على حل هذا النوع من التفاضلية .
Looking under the hood of a hybrid two-way texting intervention to improve early retention on antiretroviral therapy in Malawi: an implementation fidelity evaluation
Authors: Klabbers Robin , Feldacker Caryl , Huwa Jacqueline , Kiruthu-Kamamia Christine , Thawani Agness , Tweya Hannock 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
While key to interpreting findings and assessing generalizability, implementation fidelity is underreported in mobile health (mHealth) literature. We evaluated implementation fidelity of an opt-in, hybrid, two-way texting (2wT) intervention previously demonstrated to improve 12-month retention on antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in a quasi-experimental study in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Methods
Short message service (SMS) data and ART refill visit records were used to evaluate adherence to 2wT content, frequency and duration through the lens of the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity. Message delivery and 2wT participant interactions were considered across four core 2wT components: 1) weekly motivational SMS messages; 2) proactive SMS appointment reminders; 3) SMS reminders after missed appointments; and 4) interactive messaging with 2wT staff about transfers and appointment rescheduling. In mixed-effects logistic regression, associations were assessed between 2wT messages and on-time appointment attendance and timely return to care after a missed appointment, respectively, presenting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
The 468 2wT participants had a median of 52 study weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 34–52) with 6 ART appointments (IQR 4–7) of which 2 (IQR 1–3) were missed. On average, participants received a motivation message for 75% (IQR 56% − 83%) of enrolled weeks, a reminder before 83% (IQR 67% − 100%) of appointments, and after 67% (IQR 0% − 100%) of missed appointments. Participants reported 9 transfers and rescheduled 46 appointments through 2wT prompts; 196 appointments were changed via unprompted interaction. Participants with 10% higher expected motivation message delivery were more likely to attend clinic on time (OR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.06–1.20, p < 0.001) and return to care within 14 days of a missed appointment (OR: 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03–1.22, p = 0.01). Receiving an appointment reminder increased on-time attendance (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.44–2.33, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Greater 2wT implementation fidelity was associated with improved care outcomes. Although implementation fidelity monitoring of mHealth interventions is complex, it should be integrated into study design.
Effective treatment of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum using Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Park Hojin , Lee Su Bin , Chung Jae-Ho , Park Seung Ha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP), characterized by soft, yellowish plaque primarily on the eyelids, is often associated with lipid metabolism disorders. XP can cause aesthetic concerns that affect social interactions and requires careful treatment evaluations due to potential complications and associations with systemic conditions. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and recurrence rates with erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy in the treatment of XP.
Methods
This was a retrospective review involving 214 patients treated with a 2,940 nm Er:YAG laser for XP from January 2021 to June 2023. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using standardized photography and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), with follow-up assessments noting any complications or recurrence.
Results
The 214 patients with 457 lesions exhibited a complete removal of lesions post-treatment. Complications were minimal, with hypertrophic scarring occurring in 1.5% of patients and a recurrence rate of 9.5%. Patients with multiple lesions had a higher recurrence rate compared with those with single lesions. Based on VSS evaluation, 66.8% of patients (n = 143) were categorized as having excellent outcomes, while 29.0% (n = 62) were classified as having good outcomes.
Conclusion
Er:YAG laser therapy has proven to be an effective and safe treatment modality for XP, accurately and safely removing lesions with minimal recurrence rates. It can achieve complete lesion removal, with recurrence at the treated site being very low. Additionally, Er:YAG laser treatment offers several advantages over surgical methods, making it a promising candidate to become the first-line treatment of choice for XP.
Green-emitting AIEgen for fluorescent switch-off detection of multi-cations and applications
Authors: Patel Dhvani A. , Anand Thangaraj , Jali Bigyan R. , Sahoo Suban K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

An easy-to-synthesize Schiff base HNSA was obtained by condensing equimolar amount of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide and salicylaldehyde. In pure DMSO, HNSA is non-fluorescent, but increasing the HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4) fraction (fHEPES) ≥ 90%, it showed a strong green fluorescent with maximum fluorescence intensity at 515 nm. The changes in the fluorescence behavior is due to the formation of sheet-like self-aggregates of HNSA. The HNSA aggregates were found to be emissive over a wide pH range between pH 2.20 to 7.50. Further, metal ion sensing ability by aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) HNSA was performed in fHEPES 95%. Addition of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions shows a decrease in fluorescence intensity of AIEgen HNSA with an estimated detection limit of 0.43 µM, 0.48 µM, 6.26 µM, and 6.74 µM, respectively. AIEgen HNSA coated paper strips were developed to visually detect these metal ions. Also, AIEgen HNSA was successfully utilized to qualitatively detect metal ions in chickpea and lima bean sprouts. In addition, AIEgen HNSA was used to prepare green fluorescent gelatin gel and fluorescent invisible ink to write on filter paper to transfer confidential information. The probe AIEgen HNSA was employed for the detection metal ions in real environmental water samples.
Impact of Frequent ARID1A Mutations on Protein Stability: Insights into Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: Goutam Rajen K , Huang Gangtong , Medina Exequiel , Ding Feng , Edenfield William J. , Sanabria Hugo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The ARID1A gene, frequently mutated in cancer, encodes the AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A, a key component of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex. The ARID1A protein features a conserved DNA-binding domain (ARID domain) of approximately 100 residues crucial for its function. Despite the frequency of mutations, the impact on ARID1A’s stability and contribution to cancer progression remains unclear. We analyzed five frequent missense mutations R1020S, M1022K, K1047Q, G1063V, and A1089T identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess their effects on the stability of the ARID domain using a hybrid experimental and computational approach. By combining computational stability from web server tools, the structural dynamics from replica exchange discrete molecular simulation (rexDMD), and thermal and chemical denaturation experiments, we found that the R1020S mutation severely decreases structural stability, making it the most impactful, while M1022K has minimal effect, and others lie in between. These findings enhance our understanding of the structural-functional relationship of ARID1A missense mutations at the molecular levels and their role in cancer pathogenesis. This research paves the way for identifying and categorizing which ARID1A mutations are most pathogenic, potentially guiding the development of targeted therapies tailored to specific mutation profiles in cancer treatment.
Contrasting LRP5 Mutations in Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome and Osteopetrosis: Case Reports and Literature Review.
Authors: Hsieh Jason Peijer , Yang Chia-Feng , Liou Jia-You , Wang Pin-Hsuan , Feng Chi-Kuang , Weng Chang-Chi , Lu Yung-Hsiu , Niu Dau-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study explores the critical role of LRP5 gene mutations in bone metabolism by presenting two cases of rare inherited disorders with contrasting skeletal manifestations. The study aims to highlight the spectrum of LRP5-associated disorders through the analysis of these cases.
Results
The first case involves a male patient with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) who has compound heterozygous missense mutations in LRP5 (c.1385G > A and c.1589T > C), each inherited from a different parent. These mutations, previously linked only to exudative vitreoretinopathy and classified as variants of uncertain significance, are now reclassified as pathogenic for OPPG. Additionally, whole-exome sequencing identified an incidental pathogenic mutation (c.1066C > T) in the GLA gene, indicating comorbid Fabry disease, which is associated with an increased risk of osteopenia. The second case involves a female patient diagnosed with osteopetrosis, who carries a missense mutation (c.640G > A) in LRP5, exemplifying the opposite end of the bone density spectrum.
Conclusions:
This study underscores the diverse skeletal manifestations associated with LRP5 mutations and provides valuable insights into genotype-phenotype correlations. By comparing LRP5 mutations linked to osteosclerosis and OPPG, this research enhances the understanding of LRP5-associated disorders.
Unraveling patterns and drivers of saurophagy in South American lizards
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Marques do A. , Souza Ubiratã Ferreira , Sousa Juliana Delfino , de Mello Anna V. Albano , Silva Natallia Vívian N. da , Lima José Henrique de Andrade 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Predation plays a crucial role in community structure and population dynamics, influencing the evolution of various groups. Lizards occupy a central position in predator-prey networks, with some species engaging in saurophagy—where they act as both predator and prey. This study investigates saurophagy in South American lizards to identify biological and spatial patterns and uncover its biotic and abiotic drivers. We gathered 127 records from the literature, documenting 47 predator species from nine lizard families. Lizards of the family Tropiduridae emerged as both the most frequent predator (39.6%) and the most common prey (26%). Interspecific predation accounted for 63% of cases, while 37% involved cannibalism, primarily targeting juveniles. GLM and ANOVA analyses revealed a positive correlation between predator and prey size. Most records (84%) were in open habitats, particularly the Caatinga and Galápagos. A structural equation model identified isothermality (β = -0.43), evapotranspiration (β = 0.49), and longitude (β = 0.43) as significant predictors of saurophagy. A random forest model (82% accuracy) highlighted predator family, prey size, and habitat as key decision factors. This study demonstrates the frequent, non-random occurrence of saurophagy in South American lizard assemblages, contributing valuable insights into predator-prey relationships.
Enhanced angiogenesis by mesenchymal stem cells based on Hyaluronic Acid hydrogel combined with GM-CSF and IL-2 in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Cai yihang , Wang Junshu , Wu Lin , Hou Xinhuang , Ji Shiping , Zhang Jinchi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The clinical application of stem cells in restoring ischemic lower limb perfusion has been hindered by challenges. To promote the directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into endothelial cells(ECs) and enhance the paracrine effect, this paper aim to find a combined therapy for angiogenesis.
Methods
MSCs based on Hyaluronic Acid(HA) hydrogel combined with GM-CSF and IL-2(HGI-MSCs) were locally injected into the femoral artery ligated ischemia model rat. Recovery of perfusion was assessed by limb temperature and exhaustive distance. Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the quantity of blood vessels, microvessel density(MVD) and the proliferation and maturation of neovascularization in the limb muscle. Migration and tube formation of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were evaluated by Transwell and tube formation assays. The expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes, cytokine and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting, respectively.
Results
HGI-MSCs promoted ischemic limb angiogenesis and restored perfusion. Our study showed that HGI-MSCs could promote the proliferation and maturation of neovascularization. Moreover, HGI-MSCs promoted HUVECs migration and tube formation in vitro, up-regulated the expression of VEGF and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Conclusions
HGI-MSCs showed a more robust pro-angiogenic effect than that of pure MSCs in the ischemia limb model rat. It offers novel ideas for the treatment of patients with refractory limb ischemia.
Impact of Evusheld monoclonal antibodies on incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Warraich Fatima , Bhardwaj Prathna , Naser Maryam , Jadoon Yamna , Gupta Kush , Rastegar Vida , Loke Chandravathi , Malleshappa Sudeep K. Siddappa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of complications, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality despite vaccination in patients with cancer. Evusheld (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) was granted emergency use approval in December 2021 for pre-exposure prophylaxis based on preliminary results from the PROVENT trial. However, studies evaluating the impact of Evusheld in cancer patients in the real-world are limited. In this study, we assessed the impact of Evusheld on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients at our institution.
Methods and Materials
We conducted a retrospective descriptive study at our institution on patients with current and prior history of cancer diagnosis regardless of treatment history who received Evusheld between December 2021 and March 2022. The primary outcome was incidence of COVID-19 during a 6 month follow up period. Secondary outcomes included rate of hospitalization related to COVID-19 and associated mortality.
Results
A total of 228 patients were included, 43% of which received 2 doses of Evusheld during the study period. Twenty-nine patients (12.7%, 95% CI 9.4% – 18.7%) developed COVID-19, with an average time to diagnosis of 2.5 months (SD 1.6) from receiving Evusheld. Most had hematologic malignancies (68.4%) and were receiving active chemotherapy (71.5%) at the time of diagnosis. Five (17.2%) patients were hospitalized for COVID-19, of whom 4 had hematological malignancy. One patient with hematological malignancy required mechanical ventilation and died.
Conclusion
Overall, the incidence of COVID-19 following Evusheld was higher than in the PROVENT trial. Infections appeared to be more common and severe in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Unveiling Key Immune Genes and Drug Candidates for Krabbe Disease in Human iPSCs-derived NSCs
Authors: luo Guiyuan Luo , Li Yang , lv yafeng , zhang Ye Zhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe disease, is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme GALC. Abnormal cytokine expression in the immune system of GLD patients potentially contributes to immune imbalances crucial in disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify key immune genes and potential drug candidates related to GLD by using Krabbe iPSC-derived neural stem cells (K-NSCs). Transcriptome data from K-NSCs (GSE212512) were analyzed employing GEO2R and Sangerbox tools to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immunity. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses were conducted using DAVID, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape. From these analyses, key immune genes were identified based on topological features. Potential therapeutic drugs were then screened using the DGIdb and DrugMAP databases, followed by molecular docking using CB-DOCK2 to assess drug-gene binding affinities. The study identified 61 immune-related DEGs in K-NSCs, highlighting GDNF, EGF, KDR, FGF10, and MET as key immune genes. Among the potential drug candidates identified with high binding affinities were Gentamicin for GDNF, Cetuximab for EGF, Tivozanib for KDR, and Capmatinib for MET. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of immune-related genes in Krabbe disease and suggest potential therapeutic targets and drug candidates, thereby advancing research into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this rare disorder.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma between patients after renal transplantation and on dialysis
Authors: Guan Bao , Guo Heng , Wang Guoli , Du Yicong , Tang Qi , Xu Chunru , Li Zhihua , Zhou Liqun , Li Xuesong , He Shiming , Rui Rui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon complication following renal replacement therapy in Chinese patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The study aims to determine differences in clinical outcomes between patients who have undergone renal transplantation (RT) and those on dialysis.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis including the clinicopathological data of 34 patients who received RT and 90 patients on dialysis, all were diagnosed with unilateral UTUC at our center. We aimed to identify differences in clinical and pathological features between the two groups. The analysis employed the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) to account for potential biases in the selection of surgical approaches.
Results:
The RT group comprised a higher proportion of younger patients and exhibited a higher prevalence of larger tumors and adenoid differentiation. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in contralateral recurrence-free survival (CRFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the two groups. However, no significant differences were observed in overall survival (OS), bladder recurrence-free survival, or metastasis-free survival. After PSM, significant differences in CRFS and CSS remained. A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified RT as an independent predictor of poor CRFS outcomes.
Conclusion:
RT is associated with comparable OS to dialysis in patients with ESRD, but there is a potential increased risk of contralateral recurrence. The prophylactic contralateral nephroureterectomy is a priority choice for UTUC patients following RT in certain regions.