bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Morbidity and Mortality of Malignancy Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department
Authors: TOKOCİN Onur , ÇAKMAK Fatih , İPEKCİ Afsin , TİHAN Deniz Necdet , CEYLAN Didem , SUTASİR Mehmet Necmettin , EMİR Canturk , DANDİN Ozgur , TOKOCİN Merve , IKİZCELİ İbrahim 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and the factors affecting the morbidity and mortality of the patients with malignancy and to increase the quality of care and raise awareness of rapid targeted-therapy in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: In our study, cancer patients 18 years of age and older who presented to the emergency department of a university hospital were evaluated prospectively. Patients' demographics, vital signs, characteristics associated with malignancy, examinations performed, and their results, treatments, and length of stay were evaluated. Results: A total of 1283 patients and 1522 presentations were recorded. 51.99% of the patients were male, and 48.01% were female. The overall mean age was 63.05±14.08. The most prevalent symptom was dyspnea (17.94%), and the most common type of cancer was lung cancer (16.23%). In male patients, the most prevalent complaint was fever, and the most common type of cancer was lung cancer (34.63%). In female patients, the most prevalent complaint was dyspnea, and the most common type of cancer was breast cancer (35.25%). The influence of MAP, pulse, Hb levels, uremia, and hypoalbuminemia on mortality and ICU admission was significant. Overall, 41.46% of the patients were hospitalized, and 1.05% of the patients died. The average length of stay was 4.64±6.73 days. Conclusion: Patients with malignancy constitute a significant portion of emergency department admissions. Promoting the emergency physicians' insight into and experience on oncological emergencies would contribute to decreasing the mortality and morbidity of these patients.
Orbit-induced Spin Precession as a Possible Origin for Periodicity in Periodically Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Yang Huan , Zou Yuan-Chuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
FRB 180916.J0158+65 has been found to repeatedly emit fast radio bursts with a period of roughly 16 days. We propose that such periodicity comes from the orbit-induced spin precession of the emitter, which we assume to be a neutron star. Depending on the mass of the companion, the binary period ranges from several hundreds to thousands of seconds. Such tight binaries have relatively short lifetimes, and they are not likely to be products of gravitational decay from wide binaries. We comment on the relation of such binaries to GW190425 and the possibility of detecting them with LISA and LIGO.
Reproducibility of the Laser Flare Meter and Laser Cell Counter in Assessing Anterior Chamber Inflammation Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Feldman Robert M , Chuang Alice Z , Ruiz Richard S , Villanueva Guillermina 
Published: April 2020

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of the laser flare meter and laser cell counter in assessing anterior chamber inflammation following cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine eyes with varied degrees of inflammation and 9 normal eyes were included in the study. Anterior chamber flare and cells were evaluated with the slit lamp and graded on a scale of 0 to 4+. The flare and cells were then measured three times each using the flare meter and cell counter by two different, experienced observers. The intraobserver reproducibilities were computed to evaluate repeatability of the instruments operated by the same observer. The first measurement taken by each observer was used to assess reproducibility between the two observers.
* RESULTS: The intraobserver reproducibility for overall flare was 0.995 for both observers. The intraobserver reproducibility for overall cells was 0.996 for observer 1 and 0.991 for observer 2. The overall interobserver reproducibility was 0.994 for flare and 0.988 for cells. The correlation between measurements and slit-lamp ratings was 0.78 for flare and 0.56 for cells.
* CONCLUSIONS: The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were excellent, with good correlation to slit-lamp measurements. Reproducible results can be obtained using the laser flare meter and the laser cell counter. It is not known whether these results are applicable to other inflammatory processes with higher grades of flare and cells and with different protein and cell types.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:380-384.]
Evaluation of the Jail-Based Occupational Therapy Transition and Integration Services Program for Community Reentry
Authors: Jaegers Lisa A. , Skinner Erica , Conners Brittany , Hayes Christine , West-Bruce Stacy , Vaughn Michael G. , Smith Diane L. , Barney Karen F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: Transition and integration reentry services continue to grow in carceral settings; however, related provision of occupational therapy is limited.
Objective: To examine the implementation fidelity of an occupational therapy–administered interprofessional reentry program initiated in an urban jail.
Design: Retrospective, mixed quantitative and qualitative design.
Setting: Community-based reentry services provided prerelease in a Midwestern urban jail and postrelease in the local St. Louis community.
Participants: Occupational therapy practitioners tracking process measures for identifying reentry project feasibility.
Intervention: Provision of recruitment, assessment, and skilled occupational therapy services with people held in a short-term jail facility and follow-up during community reentry.
Outcome and Measures: Detailed logs were analyzed to describe attendance at and duration of sessions. We coded barriers to and facilitators of implementation from weekly team meeting notes and logs using social–ecological categories.
Results: Findings indicate that it was feasible to implement prerelease jail-based services (N = 63) because of jail operations and community partnerships (facilitators) and to overcome institutional policies and environmental limitations (barriers). Full 8-wk prerelease programming was completed by 38% (n = 24) of participants, and 52% (n = 33) participated less than 8 wk. All who completed the full prerelease program and transitioned to the community (n = 15) initiated postrelease occupational therapy services.
Conclusions and Relevance: The iterative feedback provided by process evaluation supported the feasibility of implementing the jail-based Occupational Therapy Transition and Integration Services program.
What This Article Adds: This process evaluation provides evidence that implementation of an occupational therapy–based transition program in an urban jail is feasible.
Online Journal Clubs to Enhance Fieldwork Educator Competency in Support of Student Experiential Learning
Authors: Ellington Allison , Janes William E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportance: Fieldwork educators receive little or no formal training for student supervision and have sought inexpensive, flexible, online options for role-specific continuing education.Objective: To investigate the use of online journal clubs to enhance fieldwork educator role competency.Design: Mixed-methods study with a prospective cohort design; 5-wk intervention with 6-mo follow-up.Setting: Online asynchronous message board system distributed to fieldwork educators affiliated with two occupational therapy programs.Participants: Academic fieldwork coordinators from two universities facilitated online journal clubs for fieldwork educators. Fourteen fieldwork educators participated in the 5-wk journal club, which included reading an article, engaging in online discussion, and creating a personal application plan.Results: Participants demonstrated strong engagement in the online journal club. Postsurvey results revealed strong and positive feedback related to ease of use, relevance of learning, and satisfaction with the experience. At the 6-mo follow-up, 11 of the 14 participants reported implementing a new strategy to support the fieldwork education process, and all reported that the strategy had been helpful.Conclusions and Relevance: The use of an online journal club was effective as a method for sharing evidence about the fieldwork educator role and supporting knowledge translation.What This Article Adds: Online journal clubs can be an effective tool for providing role-specific training in diverse practice settings and parts of the country.
Anxiety and health-related quality of life after cardiac surgery
Authors: Guzelhan Yalcin , Ugurlucan Murat , Oztas Didem Melis , Beyaz Metin Onur , Unal Orcun , Bektas Nilufer , Conkbayir Cenk , Alpagut Ufuk , Bozbuga Nilgun 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elective cardiac surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Material and methodsOne hundred and eight (35 women and 73 men, mean age 62.3 ±12.7 years) patients undergoing open heart surgery were enrolled in the study. Physical and mental domains of quality of life were measured using the 36-item Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). At baseline 108 patients filled out the SF-36 and STAI, and 102 patients at 6-month follow-up.ResultsIt was found that there was significant improvement in three out of eight health domains: physical functioning (p < 0.02), role physical (p < 0.01), and social functioning (p < 0.04), at 6-month follow-up. The two STAI sub-scores: the State Anxiety Inventory and the Trait Anxiety Inventory were found to be high (≥ 40) both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperatively there was not any statistically significant decrease in the levels of anxiety.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the assessment of psychosocial factors, particularly the ongoing assessment of anxiety, could help in risk stratification and prediction of functional status and HRQoL in patients after cardiovascular surgery. Furthermore, the assessment of preoperative well-being should be integrated in routine care in order to identify and support patients with higher levels of anxiety.
Validity of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of acute pyelonephritis in comparison with contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Rajasekaran Sriman , K Venkatesh , Cherian Mathew , Mehta Pankaj , Radhakrishnan Shankar 
Published: April 2020

PurposeApplications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging outside the brain have gained increasing importance in recent years, and recent studies have shown the usage of diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging in diagnosing pyelonephritis based on renal cortical and medullary apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of DW magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in comparison with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in diagnosing pyelonephritis.Material and methodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted for a period of six months in a tertiary hospital in Coimbatore. All patients with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, who were referred for radiological imaging (CECT), were taken into the study. Out of 112 patients with a clinical and laboratorial diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN), who underwent both DW MR and CECT, diagnosis of APN was made in 100 patients based on CECT, while in 12 cases the investigation (CECT) was negative. Finally, these 100 patients were included in the study. The validity of DW MR imaging in diagnosing APN was assessed by deriving sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value in comparison with CECT findings.ResultsThe validity report of DW MR imaging in the detection of APN showed a very high sensitivity (96-100%) and specificity (86-90%) and very low false positives (6-10%) and negatives (< 5%), and it also showed that in the areas of affected renal parenchyma ADC values were consistently lower compared to unaffected renal parenchyma.ConclusionBased on the generated hypothesis, DW MR imaging of the kidneys seems to be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of focal or diffuse infections within the kidney in comparison with CECT.
Intra-arterial computed tomography angiography with ultra-low volume of iodine contrast and stent implantation in transplant renal artery stenosis in terms of contrast-induced kidney injury – a preliminary report
Authors: Szczurowska Agata , Banasik Mirosław , Kurcz Jacek , Miś Marcin , Nowańska Katarzyna , Madziarska Katarzyna , Mazanowska Oktawia , Krajewska Magdalena , Garcarek Jerzy , Guziński Maciej 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTraditional digital subtraction angiography is still regarded as the gold standard in the diagnostics of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). However, this procedure requires a high volume of iodine contrast medium for optimal visualisation of the renal artery. The aim of this study was to analyse both the usefulness and the safety of intra-arterial computed tomography angiography (IA-CTA) with ultra-low-volume iodine contrast administration in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of TRAS in patients with impaired renal transplant function.Material and methodsThirty-three patients with a suspicion of TRAS based on Doppler-ultrasound and clinical setting underwent IA-CTA with ultra-low iodine contrast volume. A special, author-elaborated CTA protocol was used. The volume of 8-18 ml of diluted iodine contrast medium was administered through a catheter with the tip placed 2 cm below the aortic bifurcation.ResultsIn six patients the CTA examinations revealed TRAS in three configurations: in the anastomosis, in the trunk (critical and high-grade), or in both sections. Stenoses were treated with primary stenting obtaining favourable ana­tomical outcome. No intervention-related complications were observed. No contrast-induced acute kidney injury was diagnosed in this study. Mean serum creatinine concentration was 2.93 ± 0.89 mg/dl at the baseline and 2.89 ± 1.73 mg/dl and 2.17 ± 0.51 mg/dl after three and seven days from IA-CTA, respectively.ConclusionsIntra-arterial CTA with ultra-low volume of iodine contrast seems to be a safe and reliable diagnostic tool to detect and assess TRAS in the aspect of stent implantation. Application of this imaging modality eliminates the need for a high volume of iodine contrast and thus does not adversely influence renal transplant function.
Atmospheric energy budget response to idealized aerosol perturbation in tropical cloud systems
Authors: Dagan Guy , Stier Philip , Christensen Matthew , Cioni Guido , Klocke Daniel , Seifert Axel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The atmospheric energy budget is analysed in numerical simulations of
tropical cloud systems to better understand the physical processes behind
aerosol effects on the atmospheric energy budget. The simulations include
both shallow convective clouds and deep convective tropical clouds over the
Atlantic Ocean. Two different sets of simulations, at different dates
(10–12 and 16–18 August 2016), are simulated with different dominant cloud
modes (shallow or deep). For each case, the cloud droplet number
concentration (CDNC) is varied as a proxy for changes in aerosol
concentrations without considering the temporal evolution of the aerosol
concentration (for example due to wet scavenging, which may be more important
under deep convective conditions). It is shown that the total column
atmospheric radiative cooling is substantially reduced with CDNC in the
deep-cloud-dominated case (by ∼10.0 W m−2), while a much
smaller reduction (∼1.6 W m−2) is shown in the
shallow-cloud-dominated case. This trend is caused by an increase in the ice
and water vapour content at the upper troposphere that leads to a reduced
outgoing longwave radiation, an effect which is stronger under deep-cloud-dominated conditions. A decrease in sensible heat flux (driven by an increase
in the near-surface air temperature) reduces the warming by ∼1.4 W m−2 in both cases. It is also shown that the cloud fraction
response behaves in opposite ways to an increase in CDNC, showing an
increase in the deep-cloud-dominated case and a decrease in the
shallow-cloud-dominated case. This demonstrates that under different
environmental conditions the response to aerosol perturbation could be
different.
Flow-induced errors in airborne in situ measurements of aerosols and clouds
Authors: Spanu Antonio , Dollner Maximilian , Gasteiger Josef , Bui T. Paul , Weinzierl Bernadett 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aerosols and clouds affect atmospheric radiative processes and climate in many complex ways and still pose the largest uncertainty in current estimates of the Earth's changing energy budget. Airborne in situ sensors such as the Cloud, Aerosol, and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) or other optical spectrometers and optical array probes provide detailed information about the horizontal and vertical distribution of aerosol and cloud properties. However, flow distortions occurring at the location where these instruments are mounted on the outside of an aircraft may directly produce artifacts in detected particle number concentration and also cause droplet deformation and/or breakup during the measurement process. Several studies have investigated flow-induced errors assuming that air is incompressible. However, for fast-flying aircraft, the impact of air compressibility is no longer negligible. In this study, we combine airborne data with numerical simulations to investigate the flow around wing-mounted instruments and the induced errors for different realistic flight conditions. A correction scheme for deriving particle number concentrations from in situ aerosol and cloud probes is proposed, and a new formula is provided for deriving the droplet volume from images taken by optical array probes. Shape distortions of liquid droplets can either be caused by errors in the speed with which the images are recorded or by aerodynamic forces acting at the droplet surface caused by changes of the airflow when it approaches the instrument. These forces can lead to the dynamic breakup of droplets causing artifacts in particle number concentration and size. An estimation of the critical breakup diameter as a function of flight conditions is provided. Experimental data show that the flow speed at the instrument location is smaller than the ambient flow speed. Our simulations confirm the observed difference and reveal a size-dependent impact on particle speed and concentration.
This leads, on average, to a 25 % overestimation of the number concentration of particles with diameters larger than 10 µm diameter and causes distorted images of droplets and ice crystals if the flow values recorded at the instrument are used.
With the proposed corrections, errors of particle number concentration and droplet volume, as well as image distortions, are significantly reduced by up to 1 order of magnitude. Although the presented correction scheme is derived for the DLR Falcon research aircraft (Saharan Aerosol Long-range Transport and Aerosol-Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE) campaign) and validated for the DLR Falcon (Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, lifetime and dynamics mission conducted in 2017 (A-LIFE) campaign) and the NASA DC-8 (Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) campaigns), the general conclusions hold for any fast-flying research aircraft.
Miniature radiocarbon measurements ( &lt;  150 µg C) from sediments of Lake Żabińskie, Poland: effect of precision and dating density on age–depth models
Authors: Zander Paul D. , Szidat Sönke , Kaufman Darrell S. , Żarczyński Maurycy , Poraj-Górska Anna I. , Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder Petra , Grosjean Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The recent development of the MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) allows
researchers to obtain radiocarbon (14C) ages from a variety of samples
with miniature amounts of carbon (<150 µg C) by using a gas
ion source input that bypasses the graphitization step used for conventional
14C dating with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The ability to
measure smaller samples, at reduced cost compared with graphitized samples,
allows for greater dating density of sediments with low macrofossil
concentrations. In this study, we use a section of varved sediments from
Lake Żabińskie, NE Poland, as a case study to assess the usefulness
of miniature samples from terrestrial plant macrofossils for dating lake
sediments. Radiocarbon samples analyzed using gas-source techniques were
measured from the same depths as larger graphitized samples to compare the
reliability and precision of the two techniques directly. We find that the
analytical precision of gas-source measurements decreases as sample mass
decreases but is comparable with graphitized samples of a similar size
(approximately 150 µg C). For samples larger than 40 µg C and
younger than 6000 BP, the uncalibrated 1σ age uncertainty is
consistently less than 150 years (±0.010 F14C). The reliability
of 14C ages from both techniques is assessed via comparison with a
best-age estimate for the sediment sequence, which is the result of an OxCal
V sequence that integrates varve counts with 14C ages. No bias is
evident in the ages produced by either gas-source input or graphitization.
None of the 14C ages in our dataset are clear outliers; the 95 %
confidence intervals of all 48 calibrated 14C ages overlap with the
median best-age estimate. The effects of sample mass (which defines the
expected analytical age uncertainty) and dating density on age–depth models
are evaluated via simulated sets of 14C ages that are used as inputs
for OxCal P-sequence age–depth models. Nine different sampling scenarios
were simulated in which the mass of 14C samples and the number of
samples were manipulated. The simulated age–depth models suggest that the
lower analytical precision associated with miniature samples can be
compensated for by increased dating density. The data presented in this
paper can improve sampling strategies and can inform expectations of age
uncertainty from miniature radiocarbon samples as well as age–depth model
outcomes for lacustrine sediments.
Liberal Education and Effective Action
Authors: Burrows David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiberal education is under severe attack from critics who assert that it does not provide adequate preparation for contemporary life. To address these concerns I propose new approaches to liberal learning based on two principles: (1) We should teach students how to transform thinking into effective action and (2) The ability to connect thought to action can be achieved by intentionally developing human capacities for abstract thinking, self-direction, social interaction, and language. The article begins with a description of the criticisms of liberal learning, and a brief analysis of the origins of liberal education, including the assertion that liberal learning has always combined thinking skills with civic responsibility. This is followed by arguments that abstract thinking, self-direction, social interaction, and language are part of human nature and that their development can be a foundation for liberal education. A framework for enhancing these qualities is then described, including the infusion of connection-making within and across courses, inclusion of courses where students address large-scale issues, advising that stresses individual decision-making, and opportunities for public presentation of ideas and internships. These activities can strengthen the ability to engage in high-level thinking and connect thinking with decision-making and action.