bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenution of Motorcycle Handle Vibration using Suspended Handlebar
Authors: Usamah Nabil Mohamad , Ripin Zaidi Mohd 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Motorcycle rider is exposed to the handle vibration. Extended exposure to high level of handle vibration can result is hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVs). In South East Asia the majority of the motorcycle are powered by single cylinder small displacement (70 – 125 cc) engines. This paper describes the modal analysis of a small single cylinder underbone type motorcycle widely used in the rural and urban for commuting to workplace. A suspended handlebar is developed by mounting the handlebar on rubber mounts. Transmissibility measurement are carried out for static and on the road condition. There are conditions where transmissibility is above unity due to resonance for the existing handlebar and this condition is overcome by the suspended handlebar except at frequency of 25 Hand this was below the operating frequency range of the motorcycle engine of cruising speed (50 – 60 Hz). On the road tests show that the handlebar is effectively attenuate with the installation of the engine mounts. Maximum attenuation of 79 % is achieved at 3300 – 3400 rpm which give HAV of 3.41 ms
−2.
Vibration Analysis of Chenderoh Dam Physical Model Spillway Structure due to the Effect of Water Spilling: Numerical and Experimental Validation
Authors: Arbain A , Zawawi M H , Ganesan R , Ghazali M H M , Radzi M R M , Hassan N H , Mazlan A Z A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dam can be defined as a barrier built across the river to restrain and control the flow of water. However, the safety of the dam structure can be threatened by the uncertainties vibration induced from internal and external sources. Thus, in this paper, the vibration analysis in terms of Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) and Operational Deflection Shapes (ODS) are carried out to determine the reliability of the dam structure. This study only focused on the spillway structure of the Chenderoh Dam that located in Perak, Malaysia. For the simulation, a 3D physical model with 1:20 scale is developed using SolidWorks software and simulated using ANSYS software. Whilst, for validation of the simulation results, EMA and ODS experiment are performed on the physical model of the Chenderoh Dam. The validation will be in terms of mode shape, ODS, natural and operating frequencies. From the results, the first natural frequency of the spillway occurred at 220.87 Hz with the maximum deflection of 1.6 mm and the ODS deformation happened at operating frequency of 45 Hz with the amplitude value of 0.003 m. The operating frequency value is far from the natural frequency of 220.87 Hz; thus, the transient vibration only induces a minimal effect on the spillway structure and the spillway is considered safe for the operation.
Fluid/structure Interaction Numerical Study on the Mechanical Integrity of Water Dam Reservoir Banks
Authors: Ng F C , Azman Aqil , Abas Aizat , Zawawi Mohd Hafiz , Ahmad Mazlan Ahmad Zhafran , Zahari Nazirul Mubin , Mohd Remy Rozainy Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dam reliability analysis is conducted to access the integrity of dam structure and thus to prevent dam failure. This paper presents the numerical reliability study of reservoir banks of water dam by the mean of fluid/structure interaction (FSI) simulation. Through FSI, the hydrostatics effect of the water in reservoir on the wall of dam was successfully simulated and identified. From the current numerical work, relatively stagnant water on the dam bank was observed, with the increasing water pressure along the water depth. Subsequently, localized high stress and deformation on the dam structure was successfully identified, and suitable countermeasures were being recommended. For the current investigated dam bank structure, the highest deformation and stress detected are respectively 1.185 mm and 3.12 MPa. Therefore, at present operating configuration, it is concluded the bank would not exhibit any failures.
Influence of thickness and background on the color changes of CAD/CAM dental ceramic restorative materials
Authors: Alfouzan Afnan F , Al-Otaibi Hanan N , Labban Nawaf , Taweel Sara Mohammad Al , Al-Tuwaijri Shahad , AlGazlan AlMaha S , Tashkandi Esam A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of thickness and background on the color changes of CAD/CAM materials (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Suprinity), lithium disilicate (IPS E-max CAD), and hybrid ceramic (Enamic)). Twelve specimens for each thickness (0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm) were obtained by sectioning three CAD/CAM materials. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change of the specimens against different backgrounds (A2 enamel, A4 dentin, gray, and metal) using the CIELab color space system. Analysis of variance, sample t-test, and posthoc multiple comparison tests were used to evaluate and compare the color changes for different material types, thicknesses, and background colors, with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. The result demonstrated that material type, the thickness of the material, and the color of the background had a significant effect on ΔE (P = 0.000). Regardless of the material thickness, Suprinity had the highest mean ΔE values (5.4 ± 1.9), and E-max had the lowest mean ΔE values (1.1 ± 0.6). At 2 mm thickness, Enamic presented the lowest ∆E values (0.5 ± 0.5) against the A2 background. The 0.5 and 1 mm specimens corresponded to the highest ΔE values, whereas the 1.5 and 2 mm thickness specimens predominantly gave the lowest ΔE values. All the independent factors, including the type and thickness of the material, and color of the background, contributed significantly to ΔE of the tested materials (P ≤ 0.05). The study confirms the high masking ability of the lithium disilicate (E-max) material. In clinical situations where the color of the core needs to be masked, it is recommended to use lithium disilicate (E-max).
Formation of L10-ordered CoPt during interdiffusion of electron-beam-deposited Pt/Co bilayer thin films on Si/SiO2 substrates by rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Toyama Ryo , Kawachi Shiro , Iimura Soshi , Yamaura Jun-ichi , Murakami Youichi , Hosono Hideo , Majima Yutaka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Preparation of ordered CoPt on Si substrates is significant for expanding future applications of spintronic devices. In this study, ordered CoPt alloys including the L10 phase with a maximum coercivity of 2.1 kOe are formed in electron-beam-deposited 11.4 nm thick Pt/Co bilayer thin films on Si/SiO2 substrates via interdiffusion during rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The effects of RTA temperature on the magnetic properties, crystal structures, cross-sectional elemental profiles, and surface morphologies of the films are analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. For the as-deposited film, polycrystalline Pt was confirmed by uniform Debye–Scherrer rings of Pt. At 200 °C, interdiffusion between Co and Pt atoms in the film started to be observed by EDX elemental maps, and at 300 °C, alloying of Co and Pt atoms was confirmed by diffraction peaks corresponding to A1-disordered CoPt. At 400 °C, the in-plane coercivity of the film began to increase. At 700 °C, ordered CoPt alloys were confirmed by superlattice diffraction peaks. At 800 °C, a graded film containing L10-ordered CoPt was found to be formed and a maximum coercivity of 2.1 kOe was observed by VSM, where the easy axis of magnetization was oriented along the in-plane direction. At 900 °C, deformation of the ordered CoPt alloys was observed by GI-XRD, and the grain size of the film reached a maximum.
Magnetic force assisted thermal nanoimprint lithography (MF-TNIL) for cost-effective fabrication of 2D nanosquare array
Authors: Moirangthem Rakesh S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The work presented here describes a simple, low-cost, and unconventional technique to fabricate a 2D nanosquare array using magnetic force assisted thermal nanoimprint lithography (MF-TNIL). The nanofabrication process involves two steps: (i) fabrication of a 2D nanosquare array template on a laminated plastic sheet via sequential thermal nanoimprinting of linear nanograting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp, and (ii) reversal imprinting of template on UV curable polymer using soft UV-nanoimprint lithography. Without using an expensive nanofabrication tool, our proposed technique can fabricate nanosquare array over an area of 1 × 1 cm2 with individual nanosquare having a feature size of about 383 nm × 354 nm × 70 nm. We believe that our proposed MF-TNIL represents a promising nanofabrication technique that will allow fabricating various types of nanostructures for their applications in developing sensors, anti-reflective surfaces, self-cleaning surfaces, etc.
Vasculitis Involving the Gastrointestinal System Is Often Incidental but Critically Important
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Furth Emma Elizabeth , Tondon Rashmi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed to investigate the significance of unexpected vasculitis identified in gastrointestinal (GI) specimens by determining its prevalence and correlation with clinical outcomes.MethodsGI specimens with histologic evidence of vasculitis were identified in our pathology database over a 10-year period (January 2008 to August 2018). Clinical history, treatment, and follow-up were reviewed.ResultsOf the 131,367 GI pathology cases received over the 10-year study period, 29 (0.02%) cases showed histologic evidence of GI vasculitis. The majority (69%, 20/29) were not clinically suspected. Of these, 20% (4/20) of patients were subsequently diagnosed with systemic vasculitis. During the mean follow-up period of 34.0 months, 24% (4/17) of the patients with this unexpected diagnosis died as the result of direct complications of GI vasculitis. We also found that 95% of cases with unexpected vasculitis in their GI pathology specimens were communicated in a timely manner to the ordering physicians, which necessitated the immediate initiation of additional workups in 85% of these patients.ConclusionsThe GI involvement of vasculitis is rarely encountered by pathologists, but its diagnosis carries tremendous clinical significance with a high mortality rate. Therefore, timely communication is highly recommended for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Birth Sibling Relationships after Adoption: Experiences of Contact with Brothers and Sisters Living Elsewhere
Authors: Meakings Sarah , Paine Amy L , Shelton Katherine H 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined how adoptive families manage and respond to contact with children’s birth siblings living elsewhere within a nationally representative sample of 96 families who adopted a child between 01 July 2014 and 31 July 2015. We harnessed prospective, longitudinal data to determine the extent to which plans for contact between adopted children and birth siblings living elsewhere materialised over time. We present adoptive parents’ views and experiences of the contact over four years, together with an analysis of factors that were thought to have prevented, hindered and/or enabled contact between adopted children and their birth siblings. The information shared by the adoptive families illustrates the challenges they faced in promoting sibling contact; in weighing up the complexities associated with managing contact in the short term against the anticipated benefit for their child in the longer term; of balancing a commitment to sibling contact with the psychological needs of their child; and of organising contact within the context of interactions with other families involved and social work professionals. On the basis of these findings, we make recommendations pertaining to the management of both letterbox and face-to-face contact and life story work, and underscore the importance of investing in sibling relationships.
Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Harrison Ian F , Ismail Ozama , Machhada Asif , Colgan Niall , Ohene Yolanda , Nahavandi Payam , Ahmed Zeshan , Fisher Alice , Meftah Soraya , Murray Tracey K , Ottersen Ole P , Nagelhus Erlend A , O’Neill Michael J , Wells Jack A , Lythgoe Mark F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The glymphatic system, that is aquaporin 4 (AQP4) facilitated exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF), may provide a clearance pathway for protein species such as amyloid-β and tau, which accumulate in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. Further, tau protein transference via the extracellular space, the compartment that is cleared by the glymphatic pathway, allows for its neuron-to-neuron propagation, and the regional progression of tauopathy in the disorder. The glymphatic system therefore represents an exciting new target for Alzheimer’s disease. Here we aim to understand the involvement of glymphatic CSF-ISF exchange in tau pathology. First, we demonstrate impaired CSF-ISF exchange and AQP4 polarization in a mouse model of tauopathy, suggesting that this clearance pathway may have the potential to exacerbate or even induce pathogenic accumulation of tau. Subsequently, we establish the central role of AQP4 in the glymphatic clearance of tau from the brain; showing marked impaired glymphatic CSF-ISF exchange and tau protein clearance using the novel AQP4 inhibitor, TGN-020. As such, we show that this system presents as a novel druggable target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases alike.
Importance of Face Masks for COVID-19: A Call for Effective Public Education
Authors: Tso Ricky V , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Considerable debates about the general community use of face masks for protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stemmed out from differing views taken by health authorities. Misconceptions and stigmatization towards the use of face masks may hinder the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic. We address this previous debate by analyzing the advice on the community use of masks across different credible health authorities: countries that promoted the use of masks acknowledged that masks are effective but also explained the importance of their proper use along with other hygiene measures. In contrast, authorities that recommended against the community use of masks mainly cited shortage of supplies, the argument that the public do not have the adequate skills to wear them, or that wearing masks might reduce compliance with other important behaviors. We suggest promoting effective behavioral changes in personal protective measures by teaching microbiological knowledge instead of just listing out the “do’s-and-don’ts.”
Predictive value of cardio-ankle vascular index for the risk of end-stage renal disease
Authors: Jeong Jin Seon , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon-Wook , Kim Yon Su , Cho Young Min , Han Seung Seok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundArterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the predictive value of the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), one of the indicators for arterial stiffness, for the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains unknown.MethodsA total of 8701 patients with documented CAVI measurements by pulse wave velocity (PWV) were included in the study. Patients were divided according to the quartiles of CAVI. The hazard ratio (HR) of ESRD was calculated using the Cox model, after adjustment for multiple variables or death.ResultsDuring the median follow-up period of 7 years (maximum 12 years), ESRD and mortality occurred in 203 and 1071 patients, respectively. The median value of CAVI was 8.5 (interquartile range 7.7–9.3). The risk of ESRD was higher in the fourth-quartile group than the first-quartile group [adjusted HR 2.46 (IQR 1.62–3.71), P &lt; 0.001]. When a death-adjusted risk analysis was performed, the fourth quartile of CAVI had a higher risk of ESRD than the first quartile [adjusted HR 2.35 (IQR 1.58–3.49), P &lt; 0.001].ConclusionsThe measurement of CAVI by PWV may be needed to predict the risk of ESRD.
From physiology to salt marsh management challenges with sea level rise: the case of native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid
Authors: Gallego-Tévar Blanca , Peinado-Torrubia Procopio , Álvarez Rosario , Grewell Brenda J , Castillo Jesús M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSea level rise (SLR) imposes increasing salinity and inundation stresses in salt marshes which simultaneously face invasions by exotic plant species. We aimed to improve and apply knowledge on the ecophysiological responses of halophytes to SLR to conservation management of salt marshes. In a mesocosm experiment, we measured and compared phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and related functional traits of the California-native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid S. densiflora × foliosa in response to increasing levels of salinity and inundation. S. foliosa was moderately sensitive to salinity, showing a 57% reduction in PEPC specific activity from freshwater to hypersalinity. This native species compensated for the reduction of PEPC activity with increased salinity through 80% higher enzyme activation by phosphorylation. PEPC functional trait responses of S. foliosa were mostly independent of inundation depth. In view of these results, managers should conserve undeveloped lands for accommodation space above current high tide lines to facilitate colonization of stress-tolerant S. foliosa. Our results on functional responses of PEPC traits recorded high sensitivity to salinity for S. densiflora. This was reflected by 65% lower PEPC specific activity together with increasing accumulation of free proline (+96%) and total proteins (+23%) with elevated salinity. These results suggest prioritized eradication of S. densiflora populations in brackish habitats. Measured PEPC responses support the high stress tolerance of the S. densiflora × foliosa hybrid. PEPC traits for the hybrid were mostly independent of salinity and inundation. The hybrid showed higher PEPC-specific activity than S. foliosa (+70%) and S. densiflora (+15%) in freshwater under intermediate inundation. Results suggest that eradication of the hybrid should be the highest management priority. Our study shows that the responses of key functional physiological traits to environmental stresses serve as biological indicators that can guide ecosystem management practices in a scenario of climate change.
Genome-wide association studies of cardiac electrical phenotypes
Authors: Glinge Charlotte , Lahrouchi Najim , Jabbari Reza , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Bezzina Connie R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The genetic basis of cardiac electrical phenotypes has in the last 25 years been the subject of intense investigation. While in the first years, such efforts were dominated by the study of familial arrhythmia syndromes, in recent years, large consortia of investigators have successfully pursued genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that govern inter-individual variability in electrocardiographic parameters in the general population. We here provide a review of GWAS conducted on cardiac electrical phenotypes in the last 14 years and discuss the implications of these discoveries for our understanding of the genetic basis of disease susceptibility and variability in disease severity. Furthermore, we review functional follow-up studies that have been conducted on GWAS loci associated with cardiac electrical phenotypes and highlight the challenges and opportunities offered by such studies.
COVID-19: from epidemiology to treatment
Authors: Pericàs J M , Hernandez-Meneses M , Sheahan T P , Quintana E , Ambrosioni J , Sandoval E , Falces C , Marcos M A , Tuset M , Vilella A , Moreno A , Miro J M ,   Hospital Clínic Cardiovascular Infections Study Group, Miró Jose M , Ambrosioni Juan , Pericàs Juan M , Téllez Adrian , Hernandez-Meneses Marta , Garcia-Pares Delia , Moreno Asunción , de la Maria Cristina Garcia , Dahl Anders , Garcia-González Javier , Cañas-Pacheco María-Alejandra , Almela Manel , Casals Climent , Marco Francesc , Vila Jordi , Quintana Eduard , Sandoval Elena , Falces Carlos , Andrea Ruth , Pereda Daniel , Azqueta Manel , Castel Maria Angeles , Garcia Ana , Sitges Marta , Farrero Marta , Vidal Barbara , Pérez-Villa Felix , Pomar José L , Castella Manuel , Tolosana José M , Ortiz José , Fita Guillermina , Rovira Irene , Perissinotti Andrés , Fuster David , Ramírez Jose , Brunet Mercè , Soy Dolors , Castro Pedro , Llopis Jaume 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the daily clinical practice of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons. Preparedness of health workers and health services is crucial to tackle the enormous challenge posed by SARS-CoV-2 in wards, operating theatres, intensive care units, and interventionist laboratories. This Clinical Review provides an overview of COVID-19 and focuses on relevant aspects on prevention and management for specialists within the cardiovascular field.
Genome Assembly of the Ragweed Leaf Beetle: A Step Forward to Better Predict Rapid Evolution of a Weed Biocontrol Agent to Environmental Novelties
Authors: Bouchemousse Sarah , Falquet Laurent , Müller-Schärer Heinz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRapid evolution of weed biological control agents (BCAs) to new biotic and abiotic conditions is poorly understood and so far only little considered both in pre-release and post-release studies, despite potential major negative or positive implications for risks of nontargeted attacks or for colonizing yet unsuitable habitats, respectively. Provision of genetic resources, such as assembled and annotated genomes, is essential to assess potential adaptive processes by identifying underlying genetic mechanisms. Here, we provide the first sequenced genome of a phytophagous insect used as a BCA, that is, the leaf beetle Ophraella communa, a promising BCA of common ragweed, recently and accidentally introduced into Europe. A total 33.98 Gb of raw DNA sequences, representing ∼43-fold coverage, were obtained using the PacBio SMRT-Cell sequencing approach. Among the five different assemblers tested, the SMARTdenovo assembly displaying the best scores was then corrected with Illumina short reads. A final genome of 774 Mb containing 7,003 scaffolds was obtained. The reliability of the final assembly was then assessed by benchmarking universal single-copy orthologous genes (&gt;96.0% of the 1,658 expected insect genes) and by remapping tests of Illumina short reads (average of 98.6 ± 0.7% without filtering). The number of protein-coding genes of 75,642, representing 82% of the published antennal transcriptome, and the phylogenetic analyses based on 825 orthologous genes placing O. communa in the monophyletic group of Chrysomelidae, confirm the relevance of our genome assembly. Overall, the genome provides a valuable resource for studying potential risks and benefits of this BCA facing environmental novelties.