bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning: A promising technique for drug delivery systems
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Carlos A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the last years, electrospinning has become a technique of intense research to design and fabricate drug delivery systems (DDS), during this time a vast variety of DDS with mainly electrospun polymers and many different active ingredient(s) have been developed, many intrinsic and extrinsic factor have influence in the final system, there are those that can be attributed to the equipment set up and that to the physical-chemical properties of the used materials in the fabrication of DDS. After all, this intense research has generated a great amount of DDS loaded with one or more drugs. In this manuscript a review with the highlights of different kind of systems for drug delivery systems is presented, it includes the basic concepts of electrospinning, types of equipment set up, polymer/drug systems, limitations and challenges that need to be overcome for clinical applications.
Runs of Homozygosity in Modern Chicken Revealed by Sequence Data
Authors: Talebi Reza , Szmatoła Tomasz , Mészáros Gábor , Qanbari Saber 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are chromosomal stretches that in a diploid genome appear in a homozygous state and display identical alleles at multiple contiguous loci. This study aimed to systematically compare the genomic distribution of the ROH islands among five populations of wild vs. commercial chickens of both layer and broiler type. To this end, we analyzed whole genome sequences of 115 birds including white layer (WL, n = 25), brown layer (BL, n = 25), broiler line A (BRA, n = 20), broiler line B (BRB, n = 20) and Red Junglefowl (RJF, n = 25). The ROH segments varied in size markedly among populations, ranging from 0.3 to 21.83 Mb reflecting their past genealogy. White layers contained the largest portion of the genome in homozygous state with an average ROH length of 432.1 Mb (±18.7) per bird, despite carrying it in short segments (0.3-1 Mb). Population-wise inbreeding measures based on Wright’s (Fis) and genomic (FROH) metrics revealed highly inbred genome of layer lines relative to the broilers and Red Junglefowl. We further revealed the ROH islands, among commercial lines overlapped with QTL related to limb development (GREM1, MEOX2), body weight (Meis2a.1, uc_338), eggshell color (GLCCI1, ICA1, UMAD1), antibody response to Newcastle virus (ROBO2), and feather pecking. Comparison of ROH landscape in sequencing resolution demonstrated that a sizable portion of genome of commercial lines segregates in homozygote state, reflecting many generations of assortative mating and intensive selection in their recent history. In contrary, wild birds carry shorter ROH segments, likely suggestive of older evolutionary events.
Source Domains of Smell Related Metaphorical Collocations: Study Based on Corpus of Contemporary American English
Authors: Selmistraitis Linas , Boikova Renata 
Published: October 2020

The paper discusses source domains of smell related metaphorical collocations. The research is limited to metaphorical collocations with pleasant smell denoting words scent, fragrance, aroma, and perfume in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The scope of the research is 2187 concordance lines (CL) containing metaphorical collocations with the words scent, fragrance, aroma, and perfume from 3580 CL containing any word phrase with the target words. The research is based on identification and description of the source domains of the collected metaphorical collocations with pleasant smell words, relating the source domains to underlying conceptual metaphors and determining the frequency distribution of the identified source domains. The following source domains were identified in the research: object, substance, physical force, and food. The analysis showed the frequency of source domains across all four groups forming smell related conceptual metaphors: object with 1833 instances of metaphorical collocations (84%), substance with 202 instances (9%), physical force with 130 instances (6%), and food with 22 instances (1%). The present study contributes to the development of cognitive semantics and its findings demonstrate which meanings are prevalent in human mentality when pleasant smell related metaphorical collocations are used.
Sustainability of Dialecticity in the City: The Perspective of the Emic Narrative Constructor
Authors: Aliūkaitė Daiva 
Published: October 2020

The paper approaches the dialect-exploratory discourse, which concerns the interpretation of sustainability of dialecticity in the city. The given research aims at the evaluation of the sustainability of dialecticity in the city by performing the analysis of the emic narrative, i. e. the narrative of an ordinary member of the language community. In the city zones, the natural horizontal language continuum is disturbed; hence, from the perspective of etic, or the researcher, the problem of the co-existence, competition, levelling, etc. of different regional variants arises. What regards the emic perspective and the methodological inventory allowing for its formation, it should be stressed that it concerns the identification of the dialecticity conditions, or conditions determining variability that includes dialects. The emic narrative, or in other words, the I think that ... narrative, when reconstructed based on the empirical material collected for the research in perceptual dialectology embracing three Lithuanian cities, gives a piece of proper information to model the here and now and, to some extent, the future dialecticity projections. When discussing the problem of sustainability of dialecticity, the author concentrates on the segments of the reconstructed emic narrative that cover the reflection of language behaviour, estimation of language environment and a priori language attitudes toward the use of dialect codes.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT)
Authors: Pangestu Catur Budi , Kadir Kadir 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Ciputat VI pada kelas V. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Post Test Only. Hasil belajar matematika siswa diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen tes. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional (thitung = 7,49 dan ttabel = 1,67). Dengan demikian model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa dibanding model pembelajaran konvensional.
Road Traffic Accidents and Disparities in Child Mortality
Authors: Mokdad Ali A. , Wolf Lindsey L. , Pandya Samir , Ryan Mark , Qureshi Faisal G. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of child deaths in the United States. Although this has been examined at the national and state levels, there is more value in acquiring information at the county level to guide local policies. We aimed to estimate county-specific child mortality from road traffic accidents in the United States.

METHODS:
We queried the Fatality Analysis Reporting System database, 2010–2017, for road traffic accidents that resulted in a death within 30 days of the auto crash. We included all children &lt;15 years old who were fatally injured. We estimated county-specific age- and sex-standardized mortality. We evaluated the impact of the availability of trauma centers and urban-rural classification of counties on mortality.

RESULTS:
We included 9271 child deaths. Among those, 45% died at the scene. The median age was 7 years. The overall mortality was 1.87 deaths per 100 000 children. County-specific mortality ranged between 0.25 and 21.91 deaths per 100 000 children. The availability of a trauma center in a county was associated with decreased mortality (adult trauma center [odds ratio (OR): 0.59; 95% credibility interval (CI), 0.52–0.66]; pediatric trauma center [OR: 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46–0.67]). Less urbanized counties were associated with higher mortality, compared with large central metropolitan counties (noncore counties [OR: 2.33; 95% CI, 1.85–2.91]).

CONCLUSIONS:
There are marked differences in child mortality from road traffic accidents among US counties. Our findings can guide targeted public health interventions in high-risk counties with excessive child mortality and limited access to trauma care.
Un nuevo enfoque a la criptografía matemática usando la función discreta de ambigüedad
Authors: Soto-Quirós Juan Pablo , Rodríguez Domingo 
Published: October 2020

A través de la criptografía, se desea modificar y ocultar cierta información, para que sólo algún grupo determinado de personas pueda interpretarlo por medio de una clave. Al tratar de utilizar diversos campos de la matemática para realizar este proceso, se desarrolla el concepto de criptografía matemática.
La mayoría de métodos criptográficos matemáticos se concentran en teoría de números. También exiten otros métodos criptográficos en el área de física cuántica y geometría algebraica, particularmente elíptica y curvas hyperelípticas definidas sobre cuerpos y campos finitos, finito campos, entre otros. El presente trabajo introduce una nueva modalidad del aspecto de procesamiento de señales al campo de la criptografía matemática, a través de representaciones armónicas bidimensionales como lo es la función discreta de ambigüedad. Este trabajo utiliza dos definiciones equivalentes, en módulo, de la función discreta de ambigüedad.
Este nuevo método criptográfico utiliza el concepto de clave simétrica para efectuar el proceso de cifrar y descifrar el mensaje.
Structure of Motor Fitness of 7-Year-Old Girls
Authors: Ivashchenko Olha , Sirichenko Daria 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the structure of motor fitness of 7-year-old girls. Materials and methods. The study participants were 27 7-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The research methods used in the study include analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. The study recorded the primary schoolchildren’s level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The coefficient was determined by the formula: p = (m/n)×100, where p is the level of proficiency, m is the number of successfully performed exercises, n is the total number of attempts to perform the exercise. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: forward roll; backward roll; shoulderstand with bent legs. Results. The level of fitness of the 7-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, and vestibular stability, level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The analysis of the coefficients of variation points to heterochrony in the development of the 7-year-old girls’ motor abilities. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the development of vestibular stability ensures the formation of motor skills in girls. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the most informative indicators of motor fitness of the 7-year-old girls are the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises, the results of test No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.872) and test No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.870). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 29.772%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The development of vestibular stability ensures the formation of motor skills, and the level of general physical fitness is the reserve in training girls aged 7, which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.
Rib deformity correction in children with pectus excavatum
Authors: Kolesov Sergey V. , Khaspekov Dmitriy V. , Snetkov Alexander A. , Sar Artur S. , Kazmin Arkadiy I. 
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the surgical treatment of pectus excavatum. A prospective, single-center, non-randomized study of the immediate results of the correction of pectus excavatum in children and adolescents is presented.
Material and methods. The treatment results of 40 patients (27 men and 13 women) aged 3 to 18 years, operated between March 2005 and March 2016 were analyzed. All patients were examined according to the standard algorithm: chest MSCT, spirometry. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients operated on by the open resection method with plastic surgery of the costal arches (n=27). Group II patients operated with the use of minimally invasive technology according to NUSS, which does not provide for correction of deformation of costal arches (n=13).
Results. In group II, significantly less blood loss was noted (35.7 ml versus 137 ml in group I, p0.05), shorter duration of surgery (230 min versus 27.5 min in group I, p0.05). It is worth noting the earlier discharge from the hospital in patients with minimally invasive correction of deformity.
Conclusion. Minimally invasive thoracoplasty is an effective way to correct pectus excavatum in children and adolescents, which can significantly reduce the duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss, is comparable in basic terms with reconstructive surgery, but inferior due to the lack of correction of deformation of the rib arches.
The value of the MTHFR polymorphisms in pathogenesis of nontraumatic necrosis of femoral head
Authors: Panin Mikhail A. , Zagorodnii Nikolai V. , Samokhodskaya Larisa M. , Boiko Andrei V. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Among the etiological factors of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head are the following: the prolonged use of corticosteroids, alcohol abuse, systemic lupus erythematosus, sickle cell anemia, the Legg Calve Perthes disease, ionizing radiation, cytotoxic agents, etc. At the same time necrosis of the femoral head might occur in the absence of the above factors (idiopathic necrosis). The reasons for idiopathic avascular necrosis could be a mechanical obstacle to the flow of blood, thrombotic occlusion of vessels, extravascular compression.
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of C677T gene mutation of the MTHFR gene in the development of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Materials and methods. During this study there was a comparative analysis of the frequency of the C677T gene allelic variants conducted in 41 patients with a verified diagnosis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis (main group) and 320 healthy individuals (control group). The survey program included the study of polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T gene by PCR.
Results. Differences in the frequency of occurrence of C allele of C677T gene MTHFR in the heterozygous state in case of non-traumatic avascular necrosis and in its absence were not statistically significant (51.2% against 37.2% respectively, 2 = 3.014, p = 0.083). The genotype TT (T in the homozygous state) of the C677T MTHFR gene was detected in 19.5% of the main group patients. A similar index in the control group was two times lower and amounted to 9.0 percent, the differences between groups statistically significant, 2 = 4.314, p = 0.038.
Conclusion. The study showed the importance of having the T C677T MTHFR gene in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The data obtained and the analysis of the current literature suggests that this polymorphism is one of genetic predictors of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head and other cardiovascular diseases as well.
Empirical Investigations of the Instrument Response for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) across 17 Octaves
Authors: Paitz Patrick , Edme Pascal , Gräff Dominik , Walter Fabian , Doetsch Joseph , Chalari Athena , Schmelzbach Cédric , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
With the potential of high temporal and spatial sampling and the capability of utilizing existing fiber-optic infrastructure, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is in the process of revolutionizing geophysical ground-motion measurements, especially in remote and urban areas, where conventional seismic networks may be difficult to deploy. Yet, for DAS to become an established method, we must ensure that accurate amplitude and phase information can be obtained. Furthermore, as DAS is spreading into many different application domains, we need to understand the extent to which the instrument response depends on the local environmental properties. Based on recent DAS response research, we present a general workflow to empirically quantify the quality of DAS measurements based on the transfer function between true ground motion and observed DAS waveforms. With a variety of DAS data and reference measurements, we adapt existing instrument-response workflows typically in the frequency band from 0.01 to 10 Hz to different experiments, with signal frequencies ranging from 1/3000 to 60 Hz. These experiments include earthquake recordings in an underground rock laboratory, hydraulic injection experiments in granite, active seismics in agricultural soil, and icequake recordings in snow on a glacier. The results show that the average standard deviations of both amplitude and phase responses within the analyzed frequency ranges are in the order of 4 dB and 0.167π radians, respectively, among all experiments. Possible explanations for variations in the instrument responses include the violation of the assumption of constant phase velocities within the workflow due to dispersion and incorrect ground-motion observations from reference measurements. The results encourage further integration of DAS-based strain measurements into methods that exploit complete waveforms and not merely travel times, such as full-waveform inversion. Ultimately, our developments are intended to provide a quantitative assessment of site- and frequency-dependent DAS data that may help establish best practices for upcoming DAS surveys.
DynTriPy: A Python Package for Detecting Dynamic Earthquake Triggering Signals
Authors: Yun Naidan , Yang Hongfeng , Zhou Shiyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong-term and large-scale observations of dynamic earthquake triggering are urgently needed to understand the mechanism of earthquake interaction and assess seismic hazards. We developed a robust Python package termed DynTriPy to automatically detect dynamic triggering signals by distinguishing anomalous seismicity after the arrival of remote earthquakes. This package is an efficient implementation of the high-frequency power integral ratio algorithm, which is suitable for processing big data independent of earthquake catalogs or subjective judgments and can suppress the influence of noise and variations in the background seismicity. Finally, a confidence level of dynamic triggering (0–1) is statistically yielded. DynTriPy is designed to process data from multiple stations in parallel, taking advantage of rapidly expanding seismic arrays to monitor triggering on a global scale. Various data formats are supported, such as Seismic Analysis Code, mini Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (miniSEED), and SEED. To tune parameters more conveniently, we build a function to generate a database that stores power integrals in different time and frequency segments. All calculation functions possess a high-level parallel architecture, thoroughly capitalizing on available computational resources. We output and store the results of each function for continuous operation in the event of an unexpected interruption. The deployment of DynTriPy to data centers for real-time monitoring and investigating the sudden activation of any signal within a certain frequency scope has broad application prospects.
Surgical management of the patient with factor V deficiency: a case report
Authors: Ozmus Duygu C. , Ozmus Dogay N. , Akpak Yasam K. , Onur Zeynep Y. , Canday Mujde , Yurtkal Aslihan 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract">Factor V (FV) is a rare bleeding disorder that its incidence is one in a million. Patients with FV deficiency have typically mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding after an invasive procedure. There are no certain treatment modalities and there is no product of FV concentrates in the markets. The bleeding diathesis and protect the ovarian viability are a challenge as an opposite situation for treatment options and ovarian preservation after detorsion is controversial. We aimed to provide ovarian blood-stream, control bleeding and protect thromboembolism from the patient with all of our treatment in the light of literature and a few case reports. </p>
Kilka uwag o przyszłości Europy w świetle prognoz demograficznych
Authors: Okólski Marek 
Published: October 2020

Artykuł został oparty głównie na wynikach prognozy ludności świata opublikowanej przez ONZ w 2019 r. Dowodzą one, że w okresie do 2060 r. zaludnienie Europy zmniejszy się o 60 mln osób. Jest to zjawisko długotrwałe: między 1950 a 2100 r. nastąpi spadek udziału Europy w populacji całego globu z 22% do 6%. Główną jego przyczynę stanowi niski poziom dzietności, który nie zapewnia odtwarzania kolejnych generacji w niezmniejszających się rozmiarach. Inną ważną konsekwencją trwającej długo bardzo niskiej dzietności jest demograficzne starzenie się populacji, przejawiające się w odwróceniu proporcji liczebnych między grupą dzieci i młodzieży a grupą ludzi w starszym wieku na rzecz tej drugiej oraz silny spadek relacji liczbowej między grupą osób w wieku produkcyjnym a grupą osób w wieku poprodukcyjnym.
Depopulacja oraz silne zestarzenie się ludności stawia Europę w najmniej korzystniej sytuacji demograficznej wśród wszystkich kontynentów. Największy kontrast występuje w porównaniu z Afryką, której ludność będzie nadal silnie wzrastać, osiągając w 2100 r. 34% populacji świata (11% w 1950 r.), oraz gdzie zostanie zachowana przewaga liczebna dzieci i młodzieży nad osobami w wieku starszym.
Zmiany demograficzne w Europie będą istotnie zróżnicowane regionalnie. Względnie korzystna sytuacja wystąpi w Europie Zachodniej, na której obszarze liczba ludności nieznacznie się zwiększy (głównie dzięki imigracji), a dynamika starzenia się będzie umiarkowana, niekorzystna zaś w Europie Południowej i Europie Wschodniej, gdzie pojawi się silna depopulacja i silne tempo starzenia się.
Zdaniem autora prognozy ludnościowe w niedostatecznym stopniu uwzględniają potencjał migracyjny obszarów pozaeuropejskich, zwłaszcza Afryki, wynikający z gwałtownego przyrostu osób należących do młodych grup tzw. wieku produkcyjnego. Można bowiem oczekiwać, że znaczna część tego potencjału podejmie próby emigracji, skierowanej przede wszystkim w stronę Europy. To zaś spowoduje zapewne istotny wzrost udziału ludności muzułmańskiej w populacji większości krajów europejskich, wystawiając na trudną próbę stosunki międzykulturowe w tych krajach.