bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins and development of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative: creating innovative clinical, quality improvement, and research opportunities
Authors: Marino Bradley S. , Sood Erica , Cassidy Adam R. , Miller Thomas A. , Sanz Jacqueline H. , Bellinger David , Newburger Jane , Goldberg Caren S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompared to the general population, individuals with complex congenital heart disease are at increased risk for deficits in cognitive, neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and physical functioning, resulting in a diminished health-related quality of life. These deficits have been well described over the past 25 years, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of the best practices to improve neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes and health-related quality of life for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease. Innovative clinical, quality improvement, and research opportunities with collaboration across multiple disciplines and institutions were needed to address these gaps. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016 with a described mission to determine and implement best practices of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial services for individuals and their families with paediatric and congenital heart disease through clinical, quality improvement, and research initiatives. The vision is to be a multi-centre, multi-national, multi-disciplinary group of healthcare professionals committed to working together and partnering with families to optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease through clinical, quality, and research initiatives, intending to maximise quality of life for every individual across the lifespan. This manuscript describes the development and organisation of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.
Herbicide symptomology and the mechanism of action of methiozolin
Authors: Brabham Chad , Johnen Philipp , Hendriks Janneke , Betz Michael , Zimmermann Alexandra , Gollihue Jarrad , Serson William , Kempinski Chase , Barrett Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMethiozolin is a new herbicide with an unknown mechanism of action (MOA) for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in several warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. In the literature, methiozolin was proposed to be a pigment inhibitor via inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferases (TATs) or a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI). Here, exploratory research was conducted to characterize the herbicide symptomology and MOA of methiozolin. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and P. annua exhibited a similar level of susceptibility to methiozolin, and arrest of meristematic growth was the most characteristic symptomology. For example, methiozolin inhibited A. thaliana root growth (GR50 8 nM) and shoot emergence (GR80 ˜50 nM), and apical meristem growth was completely arrested at rates greater than 500 nM. We concluded that methiozolin was neither a TAT nor a CBI inhibitor. Methiozolin had a minor effect on chlorophyll and alpha-tocopherol content in treated seedlings (<500 nM), and supplements in the proposed TAT pathway could not lessen phytotoxicity. Examination of microscopic images of roots revealed that methiozolin-treated (100 nM) and untreated seedlings had similar root cell lengths. Thus, methiozolin inhibits cell proliferation and not elongation from meristematic tissue. Subsequently, we suspected methiozolin was an inhibitor of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, because its herbicidal symptomologies were nearly indistinguishable from those caused by lovastatin. However, methiozolin did not inhibit phytosterol production, and MVA pathway metabolites did not rescue treated seedlings. Further experiments showed that methiozolin produced a physiological profile very similar to cinmethylin across a number of assays, a known inhibitor of fatty-acid synthesis through inhibition of thioesterases (FATs). Experiments with lesser duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.; syn. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm.) showed that methiozolin also reduced fatty-acid content in Lemna with a profile similar, but not identical, to cinmethylin. However, there was no difference in fatty-acid content between treated (1 µM) and untreated A. thaliana seedlings. Methiozolin also bound to both A, thaliana and L. aequinoctialis FATs in vitro. Modeling suggested that methiozolin and cinmethylin have comparable and overlapping FAT binding sites. While there was a discrepancy in the effect of methiozolin on fatty-acid content between L. aequinoctialis and A. thaliana, the overall evidence indicates that methiozolin is a FAT inhibitor and acts in a similar manner as cinmethylin.
Comparing Spatial and Temporal Variation of Lake‐Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Using Multiple Methods
Authors: Baldocchi Angela K. , Reed David E. , Loken Luke C. , Stanley Emily H. , Huerd Hayley , Desai Ankur R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLakes emit globally significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, but quantifying these rates for individual lakes is extremely challenging. The exchange of CO2 across the air‐water interface is driven by physical, chemical, and biological processes in both the lake and the atmosphere that vary at multiple spatial and temporal scales. None of the methods we use to estimate CO2 flux fully capture this heterogeneous gas exchange. Here, we compared concurrent CO2 flux estimates from a single lake based on commonly used methods. These include floating chambers (FCs), eddy covariance (EC), and two concentration gradient‐based methods labeled fixed (F‐pCO₂) and spatial (S‐pCO₂). At the end of summer, cumulative carbon fluxes were similar between EC, F‐pCO₂, and S‐pCO₂ methods (−4, −4, and −9.5 gC m−2), while methods diverged in directionality of fluxes during the fall turnover period (−50, 43, and 38 gC m−2). Collectively, these results highlight the discrepancies among methods and the need to acknowledge the uncertainty when using any of them to approximate this heterogeneous flux.
Satellite Monitoring of Global Surface Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Using the SMAP Level 4 Carbon Product
Authors: Arthur Endsley K. , Kimball John S. , Reichle Rolf H. , Watts Jennifer D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is an important metric of soil health and the terrestrial carbon balance. Short‐term climate variations affect SOC through changes in temperature and moisture, which control vegetation growth and soil decomposition. We evaluated a satellite data‐driven carbon model, operating under the NASA Soil Moisture Active‐Passive (SMAP) mission, as a means of monitoring global surface SOC dynamics. The SMAP Level 4 Carbon (L4C) product estimates a daily global carbon budget including surface (0‐ to 5‐cm depth) SOC. We found that the L4C mean latitudinal SOC distribution is generally consistent with alternative assessments from static soil inventory records and dynamic global vegetation models (r ≥ 0.89). Within forest systems, based on inventory data, L4C SOC is most similar in magnitude to litterfall but is correlated with coarse woody debris (
) and total SOC (
). L4C SOC is sensitive to seasonal and annual climate variability, with mean residence times that range from 1.5 years in the wet tropics to 17 years in the cold tundra. Incorporating soil moisture retrievals from the SMAP L‐band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometer within the L4C algorithm provides enhanced soil moisture sensitivity under low‐to‐moderate vegetation cover (<5 kg m−2 vegetation water content). The L‐band soil moisture had the greatest impact on the L4C carbon budget in semiarid regions, which span almost 60% of the globe and account for substantial variability in the terrestrial carbon sink. The L4C operational product enables prognostic investigations into effects of recent climate trends and anomalies (e.g., droughts and pluvials) on shallow soil carbon dynamics.
Correlation of anti-tumour drug resistance with epigenetic regulation
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDuring treatment, the development of drug-resistant tumours remains an important challenge in cancer treatment. Epigenetic changes have been reported as one of the mechanisms for anti-tumour drug resistance. In clinical practice, a combination of epigenetic-related drugs can be considered as a future selection of cancer therapeutic drugs.
A novel mutation in the ACAN gene in a family with autosomal dominant short stature and intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Uchida Noboru , Shibata Hironori , Nishimura Gen , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeterozygous mutations in the ACAN gene have been reported in individuals with short stature and advanced bone age, with or without early-onset osteoarthritis and/or osteochondritis dissecans. We report a family with a phenotypic constellation carrying a novel mutation in the ACAN gene. The proband was a 7-year-old Japanese girl with short stature. Her mother and maternal grandmother also had short stature and intervertebral disc disease. We analyzed the ACAN gene in the family and identified a novel heterozygous mutation: c.4634delT, Leu1545Profs*11.
MassArray analysis of genomic susceptibility variants in ovarian cancer
Authors: Verma Sonali , Sharma Indu , Sharma Varun , Bhat Amrita , Shah Ruchi , Bhat Gh. Rasool , Sharma Bhanu , Bakshi Divya , Nagpal Ashna , Wakhloo Ajay , Bhat Audesh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC), a multifaceted and genetically heterogeneous malignancy is one of the most common cancers among women. The aim of the study is to unravel the genetic factors associated with OC and the extent of genetic heterogeneity in the populations of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).Using the high throughput Agena MassARRAY platform, present case control study was designed which comprises 200 histopathological confirmed OC patients and 400 age and ethnicity matched healthy controls to ascertain the association of previously reported eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spread over ten genes (DNMT3A, PIK3CA, FGFR2, GSTP1, ERCC5, AKT1, CASC16, CYP19A1, BCL2 and ERCC1) within the OC population of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The association of each variant was estimated using logistic regression analyses. Out of the 11 SNPs the odds ratio observed for three SNPs; rs2699887 was (1.72 at 95% CI: 1.19–2.48, p = 0.004), rs1695 was (1.87 at 95% CI: 1.28–2.71, p = 0.001), and rs2298881 was (0.66 at 95% CI: 0.46–0.96, p = 0.03) were found significantly associated with the OC after correction with confounding factors i.e. age & BMI. Furthermore, the estimation of interactive analyses was performed and odds ratio observed was 2.44 (1.72–3.47), p value < 0. 001 suggests that there was a strong existence of interplay between the selected genetic variants in OC, which demonstrate that interactive analysis highlights the role of gene–gene interaction that provides an insight among multiple little effects of various polymorphisms in OC.
The psychological correlates of distinct neural states occurring during wakeful rest
Authors: Karapanagiotidis Theodoros , Vidaurre Diego , Quinn Andrew J. , Vatansever Deniz , Poerio Giulia L. , Turnbull Adam , Ho Nerissa Siu Ping , Leech Robert , Bernhardt Boris C. , Jefferies Elizabeth , Margulies Daniel S. , Nichols Thomas E. , Woolrich Mark W. , Smallwood Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen unoccupied by an explicit external task, humans engage in a wide range of different types of self-generated thinking. These are often unrelated to the immediate environment and have unique psychological features. Although contemporary perspectives on ongoing thought recognise the heterogeneity of these self-generated states, we lack both a clear understanding of how to classify the specific states, and how they can be mapped empirically. In the current study, we capitalise on advances in machine learning that allow continuous neural data to be divided into a set of distinct temporally re-occurring patterns, or states. We applied this technique to a large set of resting state data in which we also acquired retrospective descriptions of the participants’ experiences during the scan. We found that two of the identified states were predictive of patterns of thinking at rest. One state highlighted a pattern of neural activity commonly seen during demanding tasks, and the time individuals spent in this state was associated with descriptions of experience focused on problem solving in the future. A second state was associated with patterns of activity that are commonly seen under less demanding conditions, and the time spent in it was linked to reports of intrusive thoughts about the past. Finally, we found that these two neural states tended to fall at either end of a neural hierarchy that is thought to reflect the brain’s response to cognitive demands. Together, these results demonstrate that approaches which take advantage of time-varying changes in neural function can play an important role in understanding the repertoire of self-generated states. Moreover, they establish that important features of self-generated ongoing experience are related to variation along a similar vein to those seen when the brain responds to cognitive task demands.
Peristaltic flow in the glymphatic system
Authors: Romanò Francesco , Suresh Vinod , Galie Peter A. , Grotberg James B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe flow inside the perivascular space (PVS) is modeled using a first-principles approach in order to investigate how the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the brain through a permeable layer of glial cells. Lubrication theory is employed to deal with the flow in the thin annular gap of the perivascular space between an impermeable artery and the brain tissue. The artery has an imposed peristaltic deformation and the deformable brain tissue is modeled by means of an elastic Hooke’s law. The perivascular flow model is solved numerically, discovering that the peristaltic wave induces a steady streaming to/from the brain which strongly depends on the rigidity and the permeability of the brain tissue. A detailed quantification of the through flow across the glial boundary is obtained for a large parameter space of physiologically relevant conditions. The parameters include the elasticity and permeability of the brain, the curvature of the artery, its length and the amplitude of the peristaltic wave. A steady streaming component of the through flow due to the peristaltic wave is characterized by an in-depth physical analysis and the velocity across the glial layer is found to flow from and to the PVS, depending on the elasticity and permeability of the brain. The through CSF flow velocity is quantified to be of the order of micrometers per seconds.
Detection of embedded dynamics in the Györgyi-Field model
Authors: Buchlovská Nagyová Judita , Jansík Branislav , Lampart Marek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to detect embedded dynamics of the Györgyi-Field model of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky chemical reaction. The corresponding three-variable model given as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations depends on one parameter, the flow rate. As certain values of this parameter can give rise to chaos, an analysis was performed in order to identify different dynamics regimes. Dynamical properties were qualified and quantified using classical and also new techniques; namely, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, the Fourier spectra analysis, the 0–1 test for chaos, approximate entropy, and the maximal Lyapunov exponent. The correlation between approximate entropy and the 0–1 test for chaos was observed and described in detail. The main discovery was that the three-stage system of nested sub-intervals of flow rates showed the same pattern in the 0–1 test for chaos and approximate entropy at every level. The investigation leads to the open problem of whether the set of flow rate parameters has Cantor-like structure.
Multiplicity of carotene patterns derives from competition between phytoene desaturase diversification and biological environments
Authors: Fournié Mathieu , Truan Gilles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhytoene desaturases catalyse from two to six desaturation reactions on phytoene, generating a large diversity of molecules that can then be cyclised and produce, depending on the organism, many different carotenoids. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of a subset of phytoene desaturases from the CrtI family for which functional data was available. We expressed in a bacterial system eight codon optimized CrtI enzymes from different clades. Analysis of the phytoene desaturation reactions on crude extracts showed that three CrtI enzymes can catalyse up to six desaturations, forming tetradehydrolycopene. Kinetic data generated using a subset of five purified enzymes demonstrate the existence of characteristic patterns of desaturated molecules associated with various CrtI clades. The kinetic data was also analysed using a classical Michaelis–Menten kinetic model, showing that variations in the reaction rates and binding constants could explain the various carotene patterns observed. Competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full β-carotene production pathway. Our results demonstrate that the desaturation patterns of carotene molecules in various biological environments cannot be fully inferred from phytoene desaturases classification but is governed both by evolutionary-linked variations in the desaturation rates and competition between desaturation and cyclisation steps.
A semi-automated quantitative comparison of metal artifact reduction in photon-counting computed tomography by energy-selective thresholding
Authors: Do T. D. , Sawall S. , Heinze S. , Reiner T. , Ziener C. H. , Stiller W. , Schlemmer H. P. , Kachelrieß M. , Kauczor H. U. , Skornitzke S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn evaluation of energy thresholding and acquisition mode for metal artifact reduction in Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) compared to conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) was performed. Images of a hip prosthesis phantom placed in a water bath were acquired on a scanner with PCD-CT and EID-CT (tube potentials: 100, 120 and 140 kVp) and energy thresholds (above 55–75 keV) in Macro and Chess mode. Only high-energy threshold images (HTI) were used. Metal artifacts were quantified by a semi-automated segmentation algorithm, calculating artifact volumes, means and standard deviations of CT numbers. Images of a human cadaver with hip prosthesis were acquired on the PCD-CT in Macro mode as proof-of-concept. Images at 140 kVp showed less metal artifacts than 120 kVp or 100 kVp. HTI (70, 75 keV) had fewer artifacts than low energy thresholds (55, 60, 65 keV). Fewer artifacts were observed in the Macro-HTI (8.9–13.3%) for cortical bone compared to Chess-HTI (9.4–19.1%) and EID-CT (10.7–19.0%) whereas in bone marrow Chess-HTI (19.9–45.1%) showed less artifacts compared to Macro-HTI (21.9–38.3%) and EID-CT (36.4–54.9%). Noise for PCD-CT (56–81 HU) was higher than EID-CT (33–36 HU) irrespective of tube potential. High-energy thresholding could be used for metal artifact reduction in PCD-CT, but further investigation of acquisition modes depending on target structure is required.
HumanaFly: high-throughput transgenesis and expression of breast cancer transcripts in Drosophila eye discovers the RPS12-Wingless signaling axis
Authors: Katanaev Vladimir L. , Kryuchkov Mikhail , Averkov Volodymyr , Savitsky Mikhail , Nikolaeva Kseniya , Klimova Nadezhda , Khaustov Sergei , Solis Gonzalo P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has been a model for multiple human disease conditions, including cancer. Among Drosophila tissues, the eye development is particularly sensitive to perturbations of the embryonic signaling pathways, whose improper activation in humans underlies various forms of cancer. We have launched the HumanaFly project, whereas human genes expressed in breast cancer patients are screened for their ability to aberrate development of the Drosophila eye, hoping to thus identify novel oncogenes. Here we report identification of a breast cancer transgene, which upon expression in Drosophila produces eye malformation similar to the famous Glazed phenotype discovered by Thomas Morgan and decades later dissected to originate from mis-expression of Wingless (Wg). Wg is the ortholog of human Wnt proteins serving as ligands to initiate the developmental/oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway. Through genetic experiments we identified that this transgene interacted with the Wg production machinery, rather than with Wg signal transduction. In Drosophila imaginal discs, we directly show that the transgene promoted long-range diffusion of Wg, affecting expression of the Wg target genes. The transgene emerged to encode RPS12—a protein of the small ribosomal subunit overexpressed in several cancer types and known to also possess extra-ribosomal functions. Our work identifies RPS12 as an unexpected regulator of secretion and activity of Wnts. As Wnt signaling is particularly important in the context of breast cancer initiation and progression, RPS12 might be implicated in tumorigenesis in this and other Wnt-dependent cancers. Continuation of our HumanaFly project may bring further discoveries on oncogenic mechanisms.
Fall-related functional impairments in patients with neurological gait disorder
Authors: Ehrhardt Angela , Hostettler Pascal , Widmer Lucas , Reuter Katja , Petersen Jens Alexander , Straumann Dominik , Filli Linard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFalls are common in patients with neurological disorders and are a primary cause of injuries. Nonetheless, fall-associated gait characteristics are poorly understood in these patients. Objective, quantitative gait analysis is an important tool to identify the principal fall-related motor characteristics and to advance fall prevention in patients with neurological disorders. Fall incidence was assessed in 60 subjects with different neurological disorders. Patients underwent a comprehensive set of functional assessments including instrumented gait analysis, computerized postural assessments and clinical walking tests. Determinants of falls were assessed by binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristics (ROC). The best single determinant of fallers was a step length reduction at slow walking speed reaching an accuracy of 67.2% (ROC AUC: 0.669; p = 0.027). The combination of 4 spatio-temporal gait parameters including step length and parameters of variability and asymmetry were able to classify fallers and non-fallers with an accuracy of 81.0% (ROC AUC: 0.882; p < 0.001). These findings suggest significant differences in specific spatio-temporal gait parameters between fallers and non-fallers among neurological patients. Fall-related impairments were mainly identified for spatio-temporal gait characteristics, suggesting that instrumented, objective gait analysis is an important tool to estimate patients' fall risk. Our results highlight pivotal fall-related walking deficits that might be targeted by future rehabilitative interventions that aim at attenuating falls.