bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanism and professionalism training for pediatric hematology‐oncology fellows: Results of a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Kesselheim Jennifer , Baker Justin N. , Kersun Leslie , Lee‐Miller Cathy , Moerdler Scott , Snaman Jennifer M. , Warwick Ann , Weng Shicheng , Zhang Zilu ,   The Collaborative Network of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Fellowship Program Directors
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeAlthough humanism and professionalism are central tenets to the practice of medicine, few formal curricula exist for medical trainees. Following a national needs assessment among pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) fellows, we created a novel curriculum entitled “Humanism and Professionalism for Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology” (HP‐PHO). In this study, we measure outcomes of this curricular intervention.MethodWe cluster‐randomized 20 PHO fellowship programs to deliver usual training in humanism and professionalism (UT) or the novel curriculum (intervention) during the 2016‐2017 academic year. The primary outcome measure was the Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Self‐Assessment in Humanism (PHOSAH). Secondary measures included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Patient‐Provider Orientation Scale, Empowerment at Work Scale, and a 5‐point satisfaction scale. Participating fellows completed pre‐ and posttests at the beginning and end of the academic year, respectively, and we calculated change scores for each study instrument.ResultsCluster randomization yielded 59 intervention and 41 UT fellows. The nine intervention sites administered 33 of 36 modules. Change scores on the PHOSAH were not significantly different between the UT and intervention arms. However, fellows on the intervention arm gave significantly higher ratings on several items within the satisfaction scale related to physician burnout, physician depression, balancing professional duties and personal life, and humanism overall.ConclusionsExposure to the HP‐PHO curriculum did not alter fellows’ self‐assessed humanism and professionalism skills. However, intervention fellows expressed significantly higher levels of satisfaction in their humanism training, indicating the curriculum's potential for positive impact on the fellows’ perceived learning environment.
VEGFR2 as a target for CAR T cell therapy of Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Englisch Alexander , Altvater Bianca , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Hartmann Wolfgang , Rossig Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundT cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a novel modality to treat refractory cancers. The development of CAR T cells against Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is limited by a lack of targetable surface antigens. We investigated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expressed on tumor‐associated blood vessels as potential CAR target in this cancer.MethodsExpression of VEGFR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in human EwS biopsies and in murine xenografts and by flow cytometry in EwS cell lines. CARs with short, medium, and long hinge domains against either human or murine VEGFR2 were generated and expressed in human T cells by retroviral gene transfer. The capacity of the individual CARs to activate T cells in response to VEGFR2‐expressing cells was compared in vitro.ResultsTumor‐associated endothelial cells in human EwS biopsies and in xenografts expressed VEGFR2. Tumor cells in the majority of EwS biopsies were also VEGFR2‐positive. Following modification with anti‐mouse or anti‐human VEGFR2‐specific CAR genes, T cells specifically lysed VEGFR2‐expressing target cells of the respective species. CAR T cells with short‐length or medium‐length hinge domains were functionally superior over those with the long hinge region by in vitro parameters, including antigen‐specific degranulation responses, lysis of tumor spheroids, tumor necrosis factor α secretion, sequential killing, and proliferation.ConclusionsVEGFR2 is consistently expressed on endothelial cells of the tumor stroma in EwS and thus is a candidate target for CAR T cells in this cancer. Among various VEGFR2‐specific CARs, a construct with a short hinge domain was chosen to be further developed toward clinical translation.
Is high‐risk neuroblastoma induction chemotherapy possible without G‐CSF? A pilot study of safety and treatment delays in the absence of primary prophylactic hematopoietic growth factors
Authors: Whittle Sarah B. , Smith Valeria , Silverstein Allison , Parmeter Margaret , Minard Charles G. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Zage Peter E. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Nuchtern Jed G. , Heczey Andras , Russell Heidi V. , Shohet Jason M. , Foster Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesStandard supportive care during induction therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NBL) includes primary prophylactic granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) aimed at limiting duration of neutropenia, reducing infection risk, and minimizing treatment delays. Preclinical models suggest that G‐CSF promotes maintenance of neuroblastoma cancer stem cells and may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy. This study's objective was to determine the safety and feasibility of administering induction chemotherapy without routine use of prophylactic G‐CSF.Design/MethodsChildren with newly diagnosed HR‐NBL received six‐cycle induction chemotherapy regimen without prophylactic G‐CSF in four cycles. G‐CSF was administered for stem cell mobilization after cycle 3 and granulocyte‐monocyte colony‐stimulating factor after cycle 5 prior to surgical resection of primary disease. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of grade 3 or higher infection. We hypothesized that the per patient infection rate would be comparable to our institutional baseline rate of 58% in patients with HR‐NBL receiving induction chemotherapy with prophylactic growth factor support. The trial used an A'Hern single‐stage design.ResultsTwelve patients with HR‐NBL received 58 cycles of chemotherapy on study. Three patients completed the entire six‐cycle regimen with no infections. Nine patients experienced grade 3 infections (bacteremia four, urinary tract infection two, skin/soft tissue infection three). No patients experienced grade 4 infections or required intensive care treatment for infection.ConclusionA greater than expected number of serious bacterial infections were observed during administration of induction chemotherapy for HR‐NBL without primary prophylactic G‐CSF. These results support continued prophylactic administration growth factor during induction chemotherapy.
Network toughening of additively manufactured, high glass transition temperature materials via sequentially cured, interpenetrating polymers
Authors: Bassett Alexander W , Honnig Amy E , La Scala John J , Stanzione Joseph F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVinyl ester and epoxy–amine resins are used to produce polymeric materials for numerous commercial and military applications due to their relatively high moduli (>2 GPa), glass transition temperatures (Tgs) (≥120 °C) and adequate fracture toughness (G1C ≈ 200–250 J m−2). Most commercially available vinyl ester and epoxy–amine resins are typically cured into polymeric materials via traditional manufacturing techniques, such as resin transfer molding and thermal curing. However, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained significant traction as a favorable manufacturing technique over traditional methods due to the ability to create customizable parts with complex geometries on‐demand. Manipulation of polymer network connectivity using a dual‐cure mechanism of methacrylate free radical cure via stereolithography (SLA) and epoxy–amine thermal cure for the in situ creation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for AM was investigated. Resins and formulations of individual monomers bearing both vinyl ester and epoxy functionality were either synthesized or formulated to elucidate the effect of interconnecting the two networks at the molecular level. The formation of a multi‐mechanistic, interconnected, sequentially cured IPN via SLA yielded polymeric materials with glass transition temperatures that exceeded 120 °C. Polymer network connectivity was shown to have a minimal impact on thermomechanical and thermogravimetric properties. IPN formation was shown to afford materials with high storage moduli (E′ values as high as 3.2 GPa), tensile strengths (as high as 51 MPa), Young's moduli (exceeding 3.5 GPa) and fracture energies (as high as 790 J m−2). © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Temperature‐dependent current–voltage and admittance spectroscopy analysis on cesium‐treated Cu (In1 − x,Gax)Se2 solar cell before and after heat‐light soaking and subsequent heat‐soaking treatments
Authors: Khatri Ishwor , Lin Tzu‐Ying , Yashiro Takahiko , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, we demonstrated the positive effects of heat‐light soaking (HLS) and subsequent heat‐soaking (HS) on cesium fluoride (CsF) treated Cu(In1‐x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. However, the role of defects formation and its influence on the electronic properties have not been analyzed. With this motivation, here, we analyzed the electronic properties of CsF‐free and CsF‐treated CIGS solar cells before and after HLS and subsequent HS treatments using temperature‐dependent current–voltage (J–V–T), admittance and low‐temperature capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. We noticed that CsF‐treated CIGS solar cells form a minority carrier trap level after HLS. The subsequent HS treatment was found to be beneficial to compensate this defect level. The admittance measurement showed a shift of the shallow energy position to a higher value after HLS and subsequent HS treatments, irrespective of Cs incorporation. This is expected to be due to the formation of a secondary diode toward the CIGS/molybdenum contact. The positive and negative effects of HLS and subsequent HS treatments on CsF‐treated CIGS solar cell are discussed using low‐temperature C–V measurements. By optimizing the HLS and HS processes, CsF‐treated CIGS solar cells yielded total efficiencies of over 20%.
Larvicidal activity of substituted chalcones against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and non‐target organisms
Authors: Targanski Sabrina K , Sousa Janaína R , de Pádua Geilly MS , de Sousa Jéssica M , Vieira Lucas CC , Soares Marcos A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe expansion of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) population has increased the number of cases of arboviruses, in part due to the inefficiency and toxicity of the chemical control methods available to control this vector. We synthesized 19 chalcone derivatives and examined their activity against Ae. aegypti larvae in order to select larvicidal compounds that are non‐toxic to other organisms.RESULTSSeven chalcone derivatives (3a, 3e, 3f, 6a, 6c, 6d, and 6f) had lethal concentrations of substituted chalcones capable of killing 50% (LC50) values lower than 100 mg mL−1 at 24 h post‐treatment, which is the dose that the World Health Organization recommends for the selection of promising larvicides. The type of substituent added to (E)‐1,3‐diphenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3a) markedly affected the larvicidal activity. Addition of chlorine, bromine and methoxy groups to the aromatic rings reduced the larvicidal activity, while replacement of the B‐ring (phenyl) by a furan ring significantly increased the larvicidal activity. The furan‐chalcone (E)‐3‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (6c) killed Ae. aegypti larvae (LC50 = 6.66 mg mL−1; LC90 = 9.97 mg mL−1) more effectively than the non‐substituted chalcone (3a) (LC50 = 14.43 mg mL−1; LC90 = 20.96 mg mL−1), and was not toxic to the insect Galleria mellonella, to the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis, and to the algae Chorella vulgaris.CONCLUSIONSThe substitution pattern of chalcones influenced their larvicidal activity. In the set of compounds tested, (E)‐3‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (6c) was the most effective larvicide against Ae. aegypti, with no clear signs of toxicity to other animal models. Its mechanism of action and effectiveness under field conditions remain to be determined.
Eosinophilic airway inflammation and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis during nivolumab and ipilimumab
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Asada Kazuhiro , Shirai Toshihiro , Torii Hiroko , Yoshimura Koji , Kusafuka Kimihide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) which are administered for many cancers. There are many irAEs such as endocrine abnormalities, interstitial lung disease, and colitis. However, irAEs associated with type 2 (T2) inflammation are less known. We herein report a 71‐year‐old woman who developed eosinophilic airway inflammation and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) simultaneously during combination therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for renal cell carcinoma. After two cycles of therapy, she developed cough and nasal congestion with high level of fractioned exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil count, and nasal polyps with eosinophil infiltration in bilateral nasal cavities. She was diagnosed with eosinophilic airway inflammation and ECRS, and treated with corticosteroid inhalation, steroid nasal spray, and nasal irrigation, resulting in symptom reduction. Although they are relatively rare irAEs of ICIs, clinicians should consider these diseases associated with T2 inflammation and treat appropriately.
Optimized Synthesis of Ag‐Modified Al‐Doped SrTiO3 Photocatalyst for the Conversion of CO2 Using H2O as an Electron Donor
Authors: Wang Shuying , Teramura Kentaro , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari , Asakura Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAg‐modified Al‐doped SrTiO3 (Ag/Al‐SrTiO3) was fabricated via a flux method and was found to exhibit high efficiency and selectivity toward CO evolution using H2O as an electron donor under photoirradiation at wavelengths greater than 300 nm. The fabrication conditions, such as calcination temperature and time, were optimized in this study because these factors had obvious effects on the crystallinity, microstructure, and degree of Al doping of the Al‐SrTiO3 photocatalysts. The 1.0‐wt.% Ag/Al‐SrTiO3 photocatalyst fabricated by chemical reduction showed a good rate (5.5 μmol h−1) of CO formation. Moreover, excellent selectivity (98.8%) was achieved. Importantly, the O2 formation rate was 2.7 μmol h−1, which indicates that the number of estimated holes was equivalent to the number of electrons estimated from the CO formation rate. Thus, H2O is the electron donor in this case. In addition, the charge separation in SrTiO3 was significantly promoted after Ag modification and Al doping, and the Ag cocatalyst particle size and dispersion, as well as the chemical state of Ag, affected the photocatalytic activity.
First Report on the Synthesis of Antipyrine Crowned Siloxy Framework: Optical Recognition of Fe2+and Hg2+Ions
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Satija Pinky , Singh Akshpreet , Sushma  , Sharma Geetika , Mohit  , Pawan  , Suman  , Priyanka  
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present work explores the synthesis and characterization of antipyrine crowned Organosilatranes from a condensation reaction between antipyrine and amino silane followed by transesterification reaction with tripodal ligand. A highly selective chemosensor based on the prepared antipyrine crowned Organosilatrane exhibited remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe2+and Hg2+ions. The sensor binds to these ions at 1 : 1 stoichiometry and with high affinity as determined by Jobs plot and apparent from binding constant values of 4.05 ×105 M−1and 3.79 ×105 M−1respectively. The structure of newly synthesized silanes and Organosilatranes were corroborated by numerous spectroscopic techniques.
Potassium Iodide as a New Nucleophilic Catalyst for the Novel Synthesis of Ionic Vinyl Compounds: Experimental and Theoretical Kinetic Approaches
Authors: Shahbakhsh Yaser , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Shahraki Mehdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, we introduce potassium iodide as a green, inexpensive, and widely available nucleophilic catalyst for the successful synthesis of an ionic vinyl compound. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), C, H, N elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy were used for the product characterization. The reaction mechanism investigated experimentally employing the UV‐vis method and theoretically at the M06‐2x/6‐31+G(d,p)‐dgdzvp levels of theory. Pure water and step5 ‐ in which vinylic bond appears ‐ were kinetically recognized as the best solvent and R.D.S, respectively.
Selective Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Alkenes to Epoxides with Pd/ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona , Bazyar Zahra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne of the old challenges for the selective synthesis of epoxides is the epoxidation of different alkenes via molecular oxygen (air) under moderate conditions. Herein, we report that Pd/ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst could be catalyzed the aerobic epoxidation of a broad range of alkenes by molecular oxygen (air) under visible light irradiation at room temperature. Besides, to show the applicability and benefit of the medicinal chemistry of the present method, the epoxidation of selected pharma agents is shown.
Photoelectrochemical Catalysis of Fluorine‐Doped Amorphous TiO2 Nanotube Array for Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Zhongqin , Zhang Haizhou , Ma Xiaochun , Zhou Xiaoming , Liang Dong , Mao Jianfeng , Yu Jiemei , Wang Gang , Huang Taizhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report a fluorine‐doped amorphous titanium dioxide nano‐tube‐array (a‐TNT−F) catalyst for photo‐electrochemical water splitting. The a‐TNT−F can be activated by the full‐spectrum sunlight with the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, easily prepared and rich natural sources. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and other tests confirm the nano‐tube array structure of the a‐TNT−F. The photo‐electrochemical water splitting tests of a‐TNT−F are conducted under the condition of dark, visible light and modulated sunlight. Results show that the water can be split into hydrogen and oxygen with the electrolysis voltage of 1.2 V under the irradiation of modulated sunlight, which is even lower than the theoretical voltage (1.23 V) of water splitting. The amorphous structure and doped fluorine greatly decrease the polarization of oxygen evolution on the electrode. The catalytic performance of the annealed a‐TNT−F surpasses that of RuO2. We also ascertain the feasibility of combining a‐TNT−F with solar cell for water splitting in natural environment. The a‐TNT−F has great potential to be high performance catalyst for water splitting and has a bright future for large scale applications.
Recent Advances in Pyridine‐Based Organocatalysis and its Application towards Valuable Chemical Transformations
Authors: Gujjarappa Raghuram , Vodnala Nagaraju , Malakar C. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of pyridine scaffolds in the field of synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry is impeccable and irreplaceable due to its wide spectrum of applications. Pyridines are well known for their usage as bases and to some extent they have been employed as ligands. In recent times, pyridine scaffolds are explored as organocatalysts to accomplish various novel chemical transformations. Here in this review, we have focused on highlighting the protocols available to accomplish wide range of chemical modulations employing different pyridine moieties as organocatalysts for various reactions such as reductive borylation, acylation, heterocyclization and additions to carbonyl derivatives. The application of organocatalysis in the fields of kinetic resolution and desymmetrization are also been presented
Introduction
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of the News of the World phone hacking scandal, the UK press became the focus of a heated public debate. Many questions were asked, and several answers offered. The press had behaved badly and needed to be tamed (Leveson 2012a, p. 195, para. 1.1–1.4). But how? Who guards the guardian? These were some of the questions asked, as politicians, journalists, the police, the judiciary and other citizens deliberated on how to ensure an accountable press. Thus, the media became an arena for a heated debate on how to make the press more accountable. This book analyses how this debate was represented by the press. It argues that the way debates about media policy are covered is partly responsible for the emergence of weak press reforms. The chapter presents an overview of the book, making it easy for readers to locate their subject of interest.
Minimisation: The Pizza Charter
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedia scholars have observed that mainstream newspapers trivialise and denigrate efforts at ensuring press accountability, in a bid to protect their self-interest (McChesney, The political economy of media: Enduring issues, emerging dilemmas. New York: NYU Press, 2008, p. 451). It is this trivialisation and denigration of attempts at reforming media policy that is referred to as the strategy of minimisation (Thomas and Finneman, Who watches the watchdog? Journalism Studies, 15(2), 172–186, 2014). In the media reform debate that arose from the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry, the strategy of minimisation manifested in a number of ways: (1) playing down the cross-party Royal Charter on press regulation, (2) playing down the Leveson Inquiry, (3) playing down the scandal, (4) in a discourse of “unfair” treatment of the press and (5) critiquing critics of the press’ position. All these were geared towards protecting the neoliberal interpretation of press freedom.
On the infrared divergence and global colour in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Ding Su Yu , Karczmarek Joanna , Semenoff Gordon W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory on flat four-dimensional Minkowski space is a de-confined gauge theory in the sense that the string tension for fundamental representation coloured quarks vanishes. In fact, static fundamental representation quarks which lie in certain half-BPS super-multiplets do not interact at all. An interesting question asks whether such quarks would carry a well-defined global colour charge which, when the gauge is fixed, should have the status of an internal symmetry. We shall present a simple paradigmatic model which suggests that the answer to this question lies in the way in which infrared divergences are dealt with.
ORP/Osh mediate cross-talk between ER-plasma membrane contact site components and plasma membrane SNAREs
Authors: Weber-Boyvat Marion , Trimbuch Thorsten , Shah Saundarya , Jäntti Jussi , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Rosenmund Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOSBP-homologous proteins (ORPs, Oshp) are lipid binding/transfer proteins. Several ORP/Oshp localize to membrane contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane, where they mediate lipid transfer or regulate lipid-modifying enzymes. A common way in which they target contacts is by binding to the ER proteins, VAP/Scs2p, while the second membrane is targeted by other interactions with lipids or proteins.We have studied the cross-talk of secretory SNARE proteins and their regulators with ORP/Oshp and VAPA/Scs2p at ER-plasma membrane contact sites in yeast and murine primary neurons. We show that Oshp-Scs2p interactions depend on intact secretory SNARE proteins, especially Sec9p. SNAP-25/Sec9p directly interact with ORP/Osh proteins and their disruption destabilized the ORP/Osh proteins, associated with dysfunction of VAPA/Scs2p. Deleting OSH1-3 in yeast or knocking down ORP2 in primary neurons reduced the oligomerization of VAPA/Scs2p and affected their multiple interactions with SNAREs. These observations reveal a novel cross-talk between the machineries of ER-plasma membrane contact sites and those driving exocytosis.