bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable Steam Additives for Enhancing In-Situ Bitumen Recovery in SAGD Process
Authors: Hassanzadeh Armin , Castellanos Diaz Orlando , Chung Cheng , Crosley Matt , Kardenetz Phillip 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chemical additives for co-injection with steam at low dosages were evaluated for enhancement of SAGD operations. The additives were selected based on their commercial scalability, water solubility and transportability inside the SAGD chamber (volatility). A custom-designed oil-recovery experiment, mimicking actual mechanisms of a SAGD chamber edge, was utilized for additive evaluation in the laboratory. The apparatus is a steam-soaking system composed of a synthetically prepared oil sand core suspended above an additive solution. The core was internally cooled to drive steam condensation and create co-current oil/water drainage inside the core. The additive effect on the recovery rate was quantified by comparison with a steam-only baseline. Amongst 20 additives tested, Additives A and B showed the most promising performance. Additive A improved the rate of oil recovery by 18% at a dosage of 5000 ppm. When the dosage was doubled (1 wt %), improvement in the rate of recovery increased favorably by 5 times (93% over baseline). Additive B showed significantly higher oil recovery of 240% over the baseline at 5000 ppm.
The transport behaviors of Additives A and B inside the steam chamber were also evaluated with reservoir modeling for potential field implementation. A homogeneous reservoir model was used to predict the transport behavior of the additives in a growing chamber and evaluate multiple injection scenarios. Compared with Additive A, Additive B was less volatile and required longer travel time from the injector to the chamber edge. Hence, Additive B can be injected in a younger (smaller) steam chamber, where the chamber edge is more accessible by the additive. Additive A, on the other hand, can target regions away from the injector in a more developed steam chamber. Additives A and B could also be co-injected or alternatively injected regardless of chamber size to simultaneously enhance oil production from different regions of the chamber.
Simulation of Non-Condensable Gases Co-Injection in Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage: State of the Art and Important Mechanisms
Authors: Mendoza Ana Maria , Kantzas Apostolos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When non condensable gases (NCGs) are co-injected with steam in SAGD, the steam oil ratio is reduced without negative effects in the oil production rates. But most simulation studies show the opposite effect. In this work, a critical literature review is conducted to understand the mechanisms affecting the response of NCG in numerical simulations of SAGD, and a simulation study is performed to investigate the parameters affecting the NCG co-injection process.
The simulation tests were run in a two-dimensional homogeneous model based on available data of Surmont reservoir using CMG STARS. According to previous simulation studies, the time of co-injection, solubility data, ex-solution rate, injection pressure and amount of NCG co-injected are important mechanisms affecting the simulation of NCG in SAGD. These parameters were evaluated independently in the simulation study. In addition, the diffusion of methane in the gas phase and gas-liquid relative permeability curves were evaluated to study the flow of the gas in the steam chamber.
As observed in previous studies, we also found that the time of co-injection, the amount of NCG co-injected and the injection pressure are critical for the design and optimization of an NCG co-injection process in SAGD. However, we found that the gas-liquid relative permeabilities are the parameter that most affects the simulation results. There are not congruent gas-liquid relative permeability curves in the literature for the SAGD reservoir simulation, and if the proper gas-liquid relative permeability curves are not considered, the design of the process using numerical simulators may not represent the real field behaviour. The liquid production rates and ex-solution rate of the gas are also important mechanisms affecting the simulation of NCG in SAGD. Contrary to what was expected, there was not a significant effect in the simulation when the diffusion and solubility of gases in the liquid were evaluated.
Validation of the French translation of the Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test
Authors: Majbar Anass Mohammed , Majbar Yassin , Benkabbou Amine , Amrani Laila , Bougtab Abdeslam , Mohsine Raouf , Souadka Amine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The learning environment is one of the most influential factors in training of medical residents. The Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) is one of the strongest instruments for measuring the learning environment. However, it has not been translated in French. The objective of this study is the psychometric validation of the DRECT French version.Material and methods After translation of the D-RECT questionnaire into French, residents of five Moroccan hospitals were invited to complete the questionnaire between July and September 2018. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the construct using the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), the root mean square error approximation (RMSEA), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Tucker- Lewis Index (TLI). Reliability analysis was analysed using Internal consistency and Test-retest.Results During the study period, 211 residents completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate model fit with the following indicators: SRMR = 0.058 / RMSEA = 0.07 / CFI = 0.88 / TLI = 0.87. The French translation had a good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha score > 0.7 for all subscales) and a good temporal stability (correlation score between two measurements = 0.89). Conclusion This French version has an acceptable validity of the construct, a good internal consistency and good temporal reliability, and may be used to evaluate the learning climate. Additional research is necessary in other French-speaking contexts, in order to confirm these results.
Malaria in children and women of childbearing age: infection prevalence, knowledge and use of malaria prevention tools in the province of Nyanga, Gabon
Authors: IMBOUMY-LIMOUKOU Roméo Karl , MAGHENDJI-NZONDO Sydney , SIR-ONDO-ENGUIER Pater Noster , DE CARVALHO Julie NIEMCZURA , TEGOMO Nathalie Pernelle TSAFACK , Buekens Julie , OKOUGA Alain Prince , ONDEME Augustin MOUINGA , NOLNA Sylvie KWEDY , LEKANA-DOUKI Jean Bernard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background There is little information on the social perception of malaria and the use of preventative measures in Gabon, especially in rural areas. Adequate knowledge of malaria prevention and control can help in reducing the burden of malaria among vulnerable groups, particularly pregnant women and children under five years old living in malaria-endemic settings. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of malaria and the knowledge and attitude towards this disease in households in Nyanga Province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess malaria knowledge, prevention practices and prevalence of the malaria infection in five departments of Nyanga Province. Plasmodial infection was diagnosed in children ≤5 years of age and women aged 15-49 years using rapid diagnostic tests. A questionnaire was administered randomly to women aged 15-49 years and to the parents or guardians of children aged ≤5 years in 535 households during a 2-week period in March 2018. Overall, the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria, malaria prevention practices and malaria prevalence were evaluated and compared across the five departments.Results Data from a total of 1,307 participants were included in this study, including 631 women of childbearing age (61 of them pregnant) and 676 children. Practically the entire (97.7%) interviewed population had heard about malaria and attributed the cause of malaria to a mosquito bite (95.7%). This survey revealed that the reported rate of reported bed-net use was 73.3%. The study observed an average malaria parasite prevalence of 13.9%. All departmental capitals of Nyanga Province had a significant level of malaria infection except for Mayumba where no plasmodial infection was foundConclusion High malaria prevalence is found in the departmental capital cities of Nyanga Province. This study reveals that respondents have a high knowledge of the malaria symptoms, its mode of transmission and preventive measures. Despite this high level of knowledge of the disease and its preventive measures, the incidence of malaria remains relatively high in this rural community highlighting the need for other types of interventions.
“…we were like tourists in the theatre, the interns assisted almost all procedures…” Challenges facing the training of Assistant Medical Officers in Tanzania
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Anaeli Amani , Mselle Lilian , Nyongole Obadia Venance , Massawe Siriel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Training of mid-level providers is a task sharing strategy that has gained popularity in the recent past for addressing critical shortage of health workforce. In Tanzania, training of mid-level providers has existed for over five decades, however, concerns are upon the quality of the mid-level cadres amidst the growing number of medical universities. This study sought to explore the challenges facing the training of the Assistant Medical Offices in Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out in four regions to include one rural district in each of the selected regions and two AMOs Training Colleges in Tanzania. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 29 Key informants from the district hospitals, district management, regional management, AMOs training college and one retired AMO. In addition, four focus group discussions were conducted with 35 AMO trainees.Results: Training of AMOs in Tanzania faces many challenges. The challenges include; use of outdated and static curriculum, inadequate tutors (lack of teaching skills and experience of teaching adults), Inadequate teaching infrastructure in existence of many other trainees to include interns, and limited or lack of scholarships and sponsorship for the AMO trainees. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore that the challenges facing AMO training have the potentials to negatively impact the quality of care rendered by this cadre. Holistic approach is needed in addressing these challenges. The solutions should focus on reviewing the curriculum, deploying qualified tutors and improving the competencies of the available tutors through continued medical education programmes. Furthermore, the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should work together to address the challenges on teaching infrastructure and financial support to this cadre that has continued to be the backbone of the primary health care in Tanzania. Long term solution should consider to deploy the medical officers at the primary facilities and phase out the AMOs. Finally, challenges facing mid-level providers in Tanzania and similar settings are similar, thus these findings can be used as a starting pointing in addressing them.
Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Hamann Cara , Peek-Asa Corinne , Butcher Brandon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRacial/ethnic disparity has been documented in a wide variety of health outcomes, and environmental components are contributors. For example, food deserts have been tied to obesity rates. Pedestrian injuries are strongly tied to environmental factors, yet no studies have examined racial disparity in pedestrian injury rates. We examine a nationally-representative sample of pedestrian-related hospitalizations in the United States to identify differences in incidence, severity, and cost by race/ethnicity.MethodsPatients with ICD diagnosis E-codes for pedestrian injuries were drawn from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2016). Rates were calculated using the United States Census. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression were used to examine characteristics (age, sex, severity of illness, mortality rates, hospital admissions, length of stay, total costs) associated with hospitalizations for pedestrian injuries.ResultsThe burden of injury from pedestrian-related hospitalizations was higher among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other groups in terms of admission rates, costs per capita, proportion of children injured, and length of stay compared to Whites and Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicities. Compared to Whites, hospital admission rates were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89-1.94) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19-1.21) times higher for Multiracial/Other and Blacks, respectively. Costs per capita ($USD) were $6.30, $4.14, and $3.22 for Multiracial/Others, Blacks, and Hispanics, compared to $2.88 and $2.32 for Whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Proportion of lengths of stay exceeding one week were larger for Blacks (26.4%), Hispanics (22.6%), Asian or Pacific Islanders (23.1%), and Multiracial/Other (24.1%), compared to Whites (18.6%). Extreme and major loss of function proportions were also highest among Black (34.5%) and lowest among Whites (30.2%).ConclusionsResults from this study show racial disparities in pedestrian injury hospitalization rates and outcomes, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other race/ethnicity groups and support population and system-level approaches to prevention. Access to transportation is an indicator for health disparity, and these results indicate that access to safe transportation also shows inequity by race/ethnicity.
Virtual Reality Experience In Long Term Care Resident Older Adults With Dementia: A Case Series&nbsp;
Authors: Sultana Munira , Campbell Karen , Jennings Morgan , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Orange Joseph. B. , Knowlton Jill , George Armin St. , Bryant Dianne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) worsens as dementia progresses, intensifies caregiver distress and consequent institutionalization. We wanted to evaluate feasibility of Virtual Reality (VR) as non-pharmacologic intervention for BPSD in a long-term care home. METHODS: A single site (Henley Place at London, Ontario) case series with a convenience sample (24 older adult residents with moderate to severe dementia). Intervention was 30 minutes of VR experience with Broomx©, five days a week for two weeks. RESULTS: Implementing VR experience was possible at Henley Place (recruitment rate=40%, the adherence rate=21%, and the attrition=0%) and participants could tolerate it. No adverse events and one-to-one staff use were recorded during the intervention period. CONCLUSION: VR experience can be implemented in a care home. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was not registered as clinical trial. We obtained ethics approval from ADVARRA Canada Ethics Board before recruiting participants for the study.
Using the drug repositioning approach to develop a novel therapy, tipepidine hibenzate sustained-release tablet (TS-141), for children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Saito Takuya , Yamashita Yushiro , Tomoda Akemi , Okada Takashi , Umeuchi Hideo , Iwamori Saki , Shinoda Satoru , Mizuno-Yasuhira Akiko , Urano Hidetoshi , Nishino Izumi , Saito Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Asverin® (tipepidine hibenzate) has been used as an antitussive for >50 years in Japan. Studies revealed that tipepidine modulates monoamine levels, by inhibiting G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, expecting the potential therapeutic effects of tipepidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in recent years. In this study, TS-141, a sustained-release tablet of tipepidine, was developed for the treatment of ADHD through a drug repositioning approach.Methods The sustained-release profile of TS-141 in healthy adults was investigated, and tipepidine exposure in the plasma after the TS-141 administration was compared to that of Asverin in the phase I study. Phase II study was conducted to examine the effects of TS-141 30 (once a day), 60 (once a day), 120 mg (60 mg twice a day), or placebo, that is within the exposure in the maximum dosage of Asverin, in children and adolescents with ADHD, and was designed as an 8-week treatment, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruiting 6–17-year-old children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A total of 216 patients were randomized according to the CYP2D6 phenotype. The primary end-point was ADHD Rating Scale IV-J changes. Furthermore, effects of CYP2D6 phenotype on the efficacy in the subgroup analysis were investigated. Results TS-141 had the sustained-release profile, and the CYP2D6 phenotype had effects on the plasma exposure of tipepidine. ADHD RS-IV-J scores in all TS-141 dosages decreased from their baseline scores; however, no significant difference was observed in ADHD RS-IV-J score changes between the placebo and TS-141-administered groups. In patients with intermediate metabolizer CYP2D6, ADHD RS-IV-J score changes in the 120 mg group tended to be larger than that in the placebo group.Conclusions ADHD RS-IV-J changes on TS-141 may depend on the interaction between the TS-141 dose and CYP2D6 phenotype, suggesting that further clinical trials should be conducted with careful consideration of polymorphism. Drug repositioning approach of TS-141 was attempted at the same dose as that of antitussive; however, dose setting according to the indication was necessary.Trial RegistrationPhase I study: JapicCTI-205235 (Registered 25 March 2020), Phase II study: JapicCTI-163244 (Registered 9 May 2016), https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/Show.jsp
Does high dose intravenous acetaminophen affect liver function for PDA closure in premature neonate?
Authors: Bahrami Reza , Ezzatabadi Aida , Mehdizadegan Nima , Mohammadi Hamid , Amoozgar Hamid , Edraki Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to collect consistent data on the efficacy and safety and evaluation hepatotoxicity of intravenous acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants.Methods: This is an observational longitudinal prospective study on 46 preterm infants with PDA who treated with high dose of acetaminophen and evaluated with echocardiography and serum liver enzymes at Hafez and Zeinabiyeh hospitals from January 2016 to December 2019.Result: Forty-six preterm infants with PDA treated with intravenous acetaminophen. Rate of closure of PDA was 82.6. There was no significant difference after treatment regarding AST, ALT, Albumin, total and direct bilirubin (P value >0.05) and no adverse side effects were observed in association with intravenous acetaminophen. Conclusion: High dose of acetaminophen is an effective and safe therapeutic option without hepatotoxic side effect for PDA closure.
Assessment of burnout in medical students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: A cross-sectional data analysis
Authors: Obregon Michael , Luo Jessica , Shelton Jarod , Blevins Terri , MacDowell Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical student burnout can cause emotional and physical exhaustion and detachment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), identify factors that may predict burnout, and assess wellness initiatives effectiveness at reducing burnout. Methods: The MBI-SS was administered to all medical students (Classes 2019 to 2022) at the University of Illinois College of Medicine (UICOM) from February to May 2019. Factor analysis and internal consistency of the MBI-SS were assessed. Mean MSBI-SS subscale scores for burnout were calculated for cynicism (CY), emotional exhaustion (EE), and academic efficacy (AE). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify student factors that may predict burnout.Results: A total of 273 (21.6%) UICOM students completed the survey and 110 (40.3%) respondents reported self-perceived burnout. MBI-SS subscale scores were significantly higher for CY and EE, and significantly lower for AE in students who reported suffering from burnout versus students who did not report burnout. Mean ± SD subscale scores for CY, EE, and AE in burnout students were 14.44 ± 5.59, 23.23 ± 4.74, and 24.81 ± 5.35, respectively. In comparison, mean ± SD subscale scores for CY, EE, and AE in non-burnout students were 7.59 ± 5.16, 14.96 ± 5.71, and 28.74 ± 3.21, respectively. Regression analysis denoted significant associations between burnout and being out-of-phase in the curriculum, the effectiveness of wellness initiatives, and strength of motivation for medical school (SMMS) in both the two- and three-dimensional MBI-SS models. Gender was significantly associated with burnout in only the two-dimensional model.Conclusions: Self-reported burnout in medical students at UICOM was validated using the MBI-SS. Being out-of-phase in the curriculum, being female, rating wellness initiatives as less effective, and demonstrating lower motivation for continued medical school education may be used as predictors of medical student burnout. This investigation may act as a guide for measuring burnout in medical student populations and how the implementation of wellness initiatives may ameliorate burnout.
Spatiotemporal and Source Analysis of Ultrafine Particulates (PM1) over Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: S Manjunatha A , E Ganesh K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Measurement and analysis of Particulate Matter (PM1) of aerodynamic diameter less than 1µm (PM1) has been carried out using indigenously built air sampler APM 577 from IIT-K for the period July 2018 - July 2019. Bengaluru being one of the megacities of India requires constant follow up of air quality. Following locations of Bengaluru city have been selected for the study: Basavanagudi (BAS), Domlur (DOM), Hosur road (HOS) and DC Halli (DCH). The mass concentrations of collected PM1 samples have been observed to vary from 20.16 to 68.64 µg m-3 during the study period. The highest mass concentration of 68.64 µg m-3 was observed for the location BAS and the lowest mass concentration of 20.16 µg m-3 was observed for the location DOM. The seasonal average mass concentration of PM1 around Bengaluru for winter, summer, monsoon & post monsoon season during the entire study period is observed to be 47.60, 40.24, 30.85 and 38.76 µg m-3 respectively. The average 24 h mass concentrations of PM1 in winter season that is in December month at BAS location is found to be higher than National Ambient Air Quality Standard limit of 60 µg m-3 for PM2.5 however in January and February months mass concentration is found to be less than the standard limit. The Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray techniques were used to understand the morphology and elemental composition of PM1. Scanning electron microscope images confirms the presence of particulates both from anthropogenic (primary) and natural (secondary) activities. Also, some of the collected samples showed the presence of microorganisms and biological particles such as Bacillus. Elemental composition analysis showed the presence of non-metals such as Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and traces of metals such as Sodium, Aluminium, Calcium and Potassium. A detailed study along with the possible conclusion is the subject matter of this paper.