bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution Processed Hybrid Polymer: HgTe Quantum Dot Phototransistor with High Sensitivity and Fast Infrared Response up to 2400 nm at Room Temperature
Authors: Dong Yifan , Chen Mengyu , Yiu Wai Kin , Zhu Qiang , Zhou Guodong , Kershaw Stephen V. , Ke Ning , Wong Ching Ping , Rogach Andrey L. , Zhao Ni 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNarrow bandgap semiconductor‐based photodetectors often suffer from high room‐temperature noise and are therefore operated at low temperatures. Here, a hybrid poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT): HgTe quantum dot (QD) phototransistor is reported, which exhibits high sensitivity and fast photodetection up to 2400 nm wavelength range at room temperature. The active layer of the phototransistor consists of HgTe QDs well dispersed in a P3HT matrix. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra confirm that chemical grafting between P3HT and HgTe QDs is realized after undergoing prolonged coblend stirring and a ligand exchange process. Thanks to the shifting of the charge transport into the P3HT and the partial passivation of the surface traps of HgTe QDs in the blend, the P3HT: HgTe QD hybrid phototransistor shows significantly improved gate‐voltage tuning, 15 times faster response, and ≈80% reduction in the noise level compared to a pristine HgTe QD control device. More than 1011 Jones specific detectivity (estimated from the noise spectral density measured at 1 kHz) is achieved at room temperature, and the response time (measured at 22 mW cm−2 illumination intensity) of the device is less than 1.5 µs. That is comparable to commercial epitaxially grown IR photodetectors operated in the same wavelength range.
Low‐Voltage Heterojunction Metal Oxide Transistors via Rapid Photonic Processing
Authors: Yarali Emre , Faber Hendrik , Yengel Emre , Seitkhan Akmaral , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Harrison George T. , Adilbekova Begimai , Lin Yuanbao , Ma Chun , Firdaus Yuliar , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolution‐processed metal oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) represent a promising technology for applications in existing but also emerging large‐area electronics. However, high process temperatures and lengthy annealing times represent two remaining technical challenges. Different approaches aiming to address these challenges have been proposed but progress remains modest. Here, the development of high electron mobility metal oxide TFTs based on photonically converted Al2O3/ZrO2 and In2O3/ZnO bilayers acting as the high‐k dielectric and electron‐transporting channel, respectively is described. Sequential solution‐phase deposition and photonic processing lead to low substrate temperature (<200 °C) while minimizing the overall process time to less than 60 s without compromising the quality of the formed layers. The bilayer Al2O3/ZrO2 dielectric exhibits low leakage current density (10−6 A cm−2 at 1 MV cm−1), high geometric capacitance (≈120 nF cm−2) and breakdown electric field of ≈1 MV cm−1. Combining Al2O3/ZrO2 with a photonically converted In2O3/ZnO heterojunction channels, results in TFTs with high electron mobility (19 cm2 V−1 s−1), low operation voltage (≤2 V), high current on/off ratio (>106), and low subthreshold swing (108 mV dec−1), that can be manufactured even onto thermally sensitive polymer substrates. The work is a significant step toward all‐photonic processed metal oxide electronics.
Few‐Layer Organic Crystalline van der Waals Heterojunctions for Ultrafast UV Phototransistors
Authors: Guo Jianhang , Jiang Sai , Pei Mengjiao , Xiao Yanling , Zhang Bowen , Wang Qijing , Zhu Ying , Wang Hengyuan , Jie Jiansheng , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Li Yun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic UV photodetectors using a transistor architecture can yield higher photoresponsivity than diode‐based devices because of the presence of a gate electrode. However, a long‐term issue of these phototransistor devices is the slow response speed, which hinders their practical applications. Here, organic UV phototransistors are constructed using few‐layer organic crystalline van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions as the photoactive layers. The thickness of the photoactive layers is even less than the exciton diffusion length, thus removing the exciton‐diffusion bottleneck and giving rise to the confinement of charge separation and recombination within the adjacent molecular layers across the heterojunction interface. Hence, the phototransistor devices can exhibit a remarkably enhanced response speed (rise and decay times as short as only ≈4 and 6 ms, respectively). The layer‐dependent photoresponse characteristics are also observed, reinforcing the great importance of few‐layer organic heterostructures in phototransistor devices. This work not only provides a promising avenue toward fast response optoelectronic devices but also presents an in‐depth understanding on the microscopic nature of photogenerated charge carriers at the precision of molecular layers.
Globally optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Part II: Non‐minimal networks
Authors: Chang Chenglin , Liao Zuwei , Costa André L. H. , Bagajewicz Miguel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Part I of this work, the synthesis of minimal heat exchanger networks using the isothermal mixing stage‐wise superstructure was presented. In this Part II, an extension of the algorithm presented in Part I is made to consider networks that allow multiple solutions regarding heat allocation, that is, they have energy loops where heat loads can be rearranged without changing the overall energy consumption. We extend the strategy of our Part I to use a set of nested loops to enumerate the number of units, the structure of matches, the energy consumption, different values of exchanger minimum approximation temperature (EMAT), and different locations where EMAT is active. All the models used are linear and are aided by capital cost evaluations. As in Part I, we claim global optimality based on our conjectures. Literature examples are solved to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Extending acoustic in‐line pipe rheometry and friction factor modeling to low‐Reynolds‐number, non‐Newtonian slurries
Authors: Rice Hugh P. , Pilgrim Jamie L. , Fairweather Michael , Peakall Jeff , Harbottle David , Hunter Timothy N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rheology of non‐Newtonian slurries is measured in a recirculating pipe loop using an acoustic velocimetry‐pressure drop technique at very low flow rates and variable solids loadings. The technique avoids (a) settling at low solids concentration, a shortcoming of bench rheometry, by using a vertical test section, and (b) physical sampling, providing greater safety. Speed of sound in the suspensions is also modeled. In‐line and off‐line data are used to assess the suitability of several non‐Newtonian models to describe observed flow behavior. Measured and predicted values of the friction factor are compared with the Madlener et al Herschel–Bulkley extended model found to be superior. The dependence of yield stress and viscosity on solids loading and particle size is investigated, showing complexities from aggregation on the particle size distribution require more interpretation than the choice of rheological or friction‐factor model.
Structure‐Induced Phase Transitions in Classic Systems of Dipoles: Unequal Kagome, Truncated Square, and Prismatic Pentagonal Lattices
Authors: Batle Josep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral magnetic compounds owe their properties to the particular nature of the dipole–dipole interaction. Changes induced in their structure will vary the total interaction energy in nontrivial fashions. In the present work, systems of identical particles possessing dipole moments arranged on various types of 2D structures are studied. By continuously varying a structural parameter, the state of minimum energy will favor distinct dipole configurations, giving rise to different phases. The ultimate goal is to quantitatively address the relation existing between the minimum possible energy for different systems of classic dipoles and the concomitant dipole phases that appear. The systems of dipoles considered here are studied in detail for the first time. With the exploration, new light will be shed on the existence of structural phase transitions in classical systems even at zero temperature, changes induced by the variation of a continuous parameter, and not the temperature, that resemble the ones occurring in quantum phase transitions.
Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes with pyridine/phenylene bridged NHC = E (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene, E = S, Se) ligands
Authors: Jia Wei‐Guo , Du Teng‐Teng , Gao Li‐Li , Du Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree half‐sandwichruthenium(II) complexes with pyridine/phenylene bridged NHC = E (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene, E = S, Se) ligands [Ru(p‐cymene)L](PF6)1–2 (1a–1c, L = ligand) were synthesized and characterized. All ruthenium complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystalX‐ray diffraction methods. Moreover, the half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes with NHC = E ligands showed highly catalytic activities towards to the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R–NO2 to R–NH2 at 353 K in water.
Evaluation method for heavy metal pollution control effect in rural areas of northern Anhui Province
Authors: Chen Xiaofang , Deng Fukang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil is an important part of human survival, and people's lives cannot be separated from soil. At present, soil pollution in China is becoming more and more serious, especially heavy metal pollution. Based on this, a method for evaluating the effect of heavy metal pollution treatment in rural areas in northern Anhui was proposed. Taking Liulangguan Lane, Nanling, and Dapu in the south of Anhui Province as the study area, the PLSR model was used to collect soil heavy metal content in the area as sample data. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to analyze the effect of heavy metal pollution control in rural areas. The results show that most of the soil quality evaluation grades are grades 2 and 3 and need to be retreated. And the evaluation accuracy of the method is always greater than 0.9500, and the evaluation results are more credible.
Machine learning applications in nonlife insurance
Authors: Grize Yves‐Laurent , Fischer Wolfram , Lützelschwab Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe literature on analytical applications in insurance tends to be either very general or rather technical, which may hold back the adoption of new important tools by industrial practitioners. Our goal is to stress that machine learning (ML) algorithms will play a significant role in the insurance industry in the near future and thus to encourage practitioners to learn and apply these techniques. After discussing the increasing relevance of data for nonlife insurance and briefly reviewing the major impact of digital technology on this business, we restrict our discussion to technical analytical applications and indicate where ML algorithms can add most value. We present two real examples: first a comparison of retention models for household insurance and then a dynamic pricing problem for online motor insurance. Both applications illustrate the advantages but also some of the difficulties of applying ML tools in practice. Finally, we mention some challenges posed by the use of ML in the industry and formulate a few recommendations for successful applications in insurance. This article is neither a tutorial nor an exhaustive review of technical ML applications in nonlife insurance. However, references for additional learning materials are provided.
Development and characterization of cancer stem cell‐based tumoroids as an osteosarcoma model
Authors: Ozturk Sukru , Gorgun Cansu , Gokalp Sevtap , Vatansever Seda , Sendemir Aylin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) cancer tumor models are becoming vital approaches for high‐throughput drug screening, drug targeting, development of novel theranostic systems, and personalized medicine. Yet, it is becoming more evident that the tumor progression and metastasis is fueled by a subpopulation of stem‐like cells within the tumor that are also called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to develop a tumoroid model using CSCs. For this purpose CD133+ cells were isolated from SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cell line with magnetic‐activated cell sorting. To evaluate tumoroid formation ability, the cells were incubated in different cell numbers in agar gels produced by 3D Petri Dish® method. Subsequently, CD133+ cells and CD133− cells were co‐cultured to investigate CD133+ cell localization in tumoroids. The characterization of tumoroids was performed using Live&Dead staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that, CD133+, CD133− and SaOS‐2 cells were all able to form 3D tumoroids regardless of the initial cell number, but, while 72 hr were needed for CD133+ cells to self‐assemble, 24 hr were enough for CD133− and SaOS‐2 cells. CD133+ cells were located within tumoroids randomly with high cell viability. Finally, when compared to two‐dimensional (2D) cultures, there were 5.88, 4.14, 6.95, and 1.68‐fold higher messenger RNA expressions for Sox2, OCT3/4, Nanog, and Nestin, respectively, in CD133+ cells that were cultured within 3D tumoroids, showing longer maintenance of stem cell phenotype in 3D, that can allow more relevant screening and targeting efficiency in pharmaceutical testing. It was concluded that CSC‐based tumoroids are propitious as 3D tumor models to fill the gap between conventional 2D in vitro culture and in vivo animal experiments for cancer research.
J‐Park Simulator: Wissensgraph für Industrie 4.0
Authors: Kraft Markus , Eibeck Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Ontologien, Wissensgraphen (Knowledge Graphs), Agenten und deren Rolle im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0. Anhand des J‐Park‐Simulators (JPS) als Teil des entwickelten Wissensgraphen (www.theworldavatar.com) wird die Bedeutung der Interoperabilität von Agenten in domänenübergreifenden Szenarien gezeigt. Als Fallbeispiel wird gezeigt wie die Ausbreitung von Luftschadstoffen eines Kraftwerks in Berlin mithilfe des JPS untersucht werden kann. Darüber hinaus werden Fragen zur Interoperabilität betrachtet und offene Probleme diskutiert.
Genotypic and phenotypic analyses reveal distinct population structures and ecotypes for sugar beet‐associated Pseudomonas in Oxford and Auckland
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Xian , Ritchie Stephen R. , Chang Hao , Arnold Dawn L. , Jackson Robert W. , Rainey Paul B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFluorescent pseudomonads represent one of the largest groups of bacteria inhabiting the surfaces of plants, but their genetic composition in planta is poorly understood. Here, we examined the population structure and diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from sugar beet grown at two geographic locations (Oxford, United Kingdom and Auckland, New Zealand). To seek evidence for niche adaptation, bacteria were sampled from three types of leaves (immature, mature, and senescent) and then characterized using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic analysis. We first performed multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of three housekeeping genes (gapA, gltA, and acnB) in a total of 152 isolates (96 from Oxford, 56 from Auckland). The concatenated sequences were grouped into 81 sequence types and 22 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Significant levels of recombination were detected, particularly for the Oxford isolates (rate of recombination to mutation (r/m) = 5.23 for the whole population). Subsequent ancestral analysis performed in STRUCTURE found evidence of six ancestral populations, and their distributions significantly differed between Oxford and Auckland. Next, their ability to grow on 95 carbon sources was assessed using the Biolog™ GN2 microtiter plates. A distance matrix was generated from the raw growth data (A660) and subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. There was a significant correlation between substrate utilization profiles and MLSA genotypes. Both phenotypic and genotypic analyses indicated presence of a geographic structure for strains from Oxford and Auckland. Significant differences were also detected for MLSA genotypes between strains isolated from immature versus mature/senescent leaves. The fluorescent pseudomonads thus showed an ecotypic population structure, suggestive of adaptation to both geographic conditions and local plant niches.
Harnessing proteases for T regulatory cell immunotherapy
Authors: Amarnath Shoba , Brown Marnie L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe immune system is tightly regulated by a subset of T cells defined as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs maintain immune homeostasis by restraining unwarranted immune cell activation and effector function. Here, we discuss an important but underappreciated role of proteases in controlling Treg function. Proteases regulate a number of vital processes that determine T cell immune responses and some of them such as furin, ADAM (through regulating LAG receptor), MALT, and asparaginyl endopeptidase are implicated in Treg immunobiology. Targeted protease inhibition, using either small molecule inhibitors or gene deficient mice has demonstrated their specificity in modulating Treg function in experimental murine models. These data further highlight the ability of proteases to specifically regulate Tregs but no other T effector lineages. Taken together, it is apparent that incorporating proteases as targets within Treg cell engineering protocols may enable generation of robust Treg cellular therapeutics. These engineered Tregs may possess enhanced regulatory function along with resistance to lineage deviation in inflammatory disease such as colitis and graft versus host disease. Within this review, we summarize research on the role of proteases in regulating Treg function and discuss the translational potential of harnessing Treg function by targeting protease driven regulatory pathways.
IL‐7 induces sCD127 release and mCD127 downregulation in human CD8+ T cells by distinct yet overlapping mechanisms, both of which are impaired in HIV infection
Authors: Côté Sandra C. , Burke Schinkel Stephanie C. , Berthoud Tamara K. , Barros Priscila O. , Sanchez‐Vidales Maria , Davidson April M. , Crawley Angela M. , Angel Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe IL‐7 receptor specific α chain, CD127, can be expressed both as a membrane‐associated (mCD127) and a soluble form (sCD127), however, the mechanisms involved in their regulation remain to be defined. We first demonstrated in primary human CD8+ T cells that IL‐7‐induced downregulation of mCD127 expression is dependent on JAK and PI3K signaling, whereas IL‐7‐induced sCD127 release is also mediated by STAT5. Following stimulation with IL‐7, expression of alternatively spliced variants of the CD127 gene, sCD127 mRNA, is reduced, but to a lesser degree than the full‐length gene. Evaluation of the role of proteases revealed that MMP‐9 was involved in sCD127 release, without affecting the expression of mCD127, suggesting it does not induce direct shedding from the cell surface. Since defects in the IL‐7/CD127 pathway occur in various diseases, including HIV, we evaluated CD8+ T cells derived from HAART‐treated HIV‐infected individuals and found that IL‐7‐induced (1) downregulation of mCD127, (2) release of sCD127, and (3) expression of the sCD127 mRNA were all impaired. Expression of mCD127 and sCD127 is, therefore, regulated by distinct, but overlapping, mechanisms and their impairment in HIV infection contributes to our understanding of the CD8+ T cell dysfunction that persists despite effective antiretroviral therapy.
Ex vivo blockade of PI3K gamma or delta signaling enhances the antitumor potency of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells
Authors: Dwyer Connor J. , Arhontoulis Dimitrios C. , Rangel Rivera Guillermo O , Knochelmann Hannah M. , Smith Aubrey S. , Wyatt Megan M. , Rubinstein Mark P. , Atkinson Carl , Thaxton Jessica E. , Neskey David M. , Paulos Chrystal M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdoptive T cell transfer therapy induces objective responses in patients with advanced malignancies. Despite these results, some individuals do not respond due to the generation of terminally differentiated T cells during the expansion protocol. As the gamma and delta catalytic subunits in the PI3K pathway are abundant in leukocytes and involved in cell activation, we posited that blocking both subunits ex vivo with the inhibitor IPI‐145 would prevent their differentiation, thereby increasing antitumor activity in vivo. However, IPI‐145 treatment generated a product with reduced antitumor activity. Instead, T cells inhibited of PI3Kγ (IPI‐549) or PI3Kδ (CAL‐101 or TGR‐1202) alone were more potent in vivo. While T cells coinhibited of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ were less differentiated, they were functionally impaired, indicated by reduced production of effector cytokines after antigenic re‐encounter and decreased persistence in vivo. Human CAR T cells expanded with either a PI3Kγ or PI3Kδ inhibitor possessed a central memory phenotype compared to vehicle cohorts. We also found that PI3Kδ‐inhibited CARs lysed human tumors in vitro more effectively than PI3Kγ‐expanded or traditionally expanded CAR T cells. Our data imply that sole blockade of PI3Kγ or PI3Kδ generates T cells with remarkable antitumor properties, a discovery that has substantial clinical implications.
Effect of Ionic Liquid Structure on the Electrochemical Response of Dopamine at Room Temperature Ionic Liquid‐modified Carbon Paste Electrodes (IL–CPE)
Authors: Hernández‐Vargas Salvador G. , Alberto Cevallos‐Morillo Carlos , Aguilar‐Cordero Julio C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work 12 different ionic liquids (ILs) have been used added as co‐binders in the preparation of modified carbon paste electrodes (IL–CPEs) used for the voltammetric analysis of dopamine in Britton‐Robinson buffer. The ionic liquids studied were selected based on three main criteria: (1) increasing chain length of alkyl substituents (studying 1‐ethylimidazolium and ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl and decylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids); (2) nature of the counter ion (dicyanamide, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and hexafluorophosphate) in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ionic liquids; and (3) cation ring structures (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpiperidinium, 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylpyridinium) in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or hexafluorophosphate (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylpyridinium as cations) ionic liquids. The use of IL as co‐binders in IL–CPE results in a general enhancement of both the sensitivity and the reversibility of dopamine oxidation. In square wave voltammetry experiments, the peak current increased up to a 400 % when 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was used as co‐binder, as compared to the response found with the unmodified CPE. Experimental data provide evidence that electrostatic and steric effects are the most important ones vis‐à‐vis these electrocatalytic effects on the anodic oxidation of dopamine on IL–CPE. The relative hydrophilicity of dicyanamide anions reduced the electrocatalytic effects of the corresponding ionic liquids, while the use of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (two relatively small and highly hydrophobic ionic liquids) as co‐binders in IL–CPE resulted in the highest electrocatalytic activity among all of the IL–CPE studied.