bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Powder Recycling on Defect Formation in Electron Beam Melted Alloy 718
Authors: Gruber Hans , Luchian Cosmina , Hryha Eduard , Nyborg Lars 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The extent to which powder recycling can be permitted before risking a loss in performance of critical components is a major aspect for the viability of electron beam melting (EBM). In this study, the influence of powder oxidation during multi-cycle EBM processing on the formation of oxide-related defects in Alloy 718 is investigated. The amount of defects and their distribution in samples produced from virgin and re-used powder is studied by means of image analysis and oxygen measurements. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy is performed to understand their origin and formation mechanism. The results indicate a clear correlation between the powder oxygen content and the amount of oxide inclusions present in the investigated samples. The inclusions consist of both molten and unmolten Al-rich oxide which originates from the surface of the recycled powder. Upon interaction with the electron beam, the oxide tends to cluster in the liquid metal and form critical sized defects. Hot isostatic pressing can be successfully used to densify samples produced from virgin powder. However, in the material fabricated from recycled powder, a considerable amount of damage relevant oxide inclusion defects remain after HIP treatment, especially in the contour region. It is suggested that the quality of EBM-processed Alloy 718 is at present dependent on the oxygen level in the powder in general, and on the surface chemistry of the power in particular, which needs to be controlled to maintain a low amount of inclusions.
Preliminary Study to Develop an Alternative Method for the Non-targeted Determination of Xenobiotics in Food by Means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High Resolution and Accuracy Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Scarpone Rossana , Rosato Roberta , Chiumiento Francesco , Cipolletti Chiara , Sergi Manuel , Compagnone Dario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis preliminary study describes the use of high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry techniques combined with new generation chemical software products for detecting and identifying contaminants in food commodities. As a first step, the extracts of routine target analysis samples (obtained in our official laboratory responsible for food residues control) were acquired and processed with this method in order to search unknown and non-targeted contaminants in food. In order to verify the feasibility of the presented method, the research has been firstly addressed to untargeted pesticides and their metabolites in stone fruits commodities and tomatoes. The differential analysis carried with Compound Discoverer 2.0 between the investigated unknown sample and the blank matrix sample allowed to remove all the matrix molecular components; Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) helped to understand and predict chemical interpretation of substances. The acquisition in FullScan-AIF and FullScan-ddMS2 allowed the clear detection and identification of isobaric compounds such as quinalphos and phoxim. In order to verify that the proposed method is suitable to the scope of application, the main points of SANTE/11813/2017 Document have been followed. The results demonstrate that no false positives and no false negatives have been detected from the analysis of samples spiked with 55 pesticides at 0.010 and 0.10 mg kg−1. This preliminary study has been also tested with a Proficiency Test (EUPT-FV-SM08) and, according to EUPT-FV-SM08 Final Report, our laboratory has been included in the 67% (56) that clearly detected over 70% pesticides. Finally, this method has been extended to other matrices and contaminants.
Current Human Ecology in the Amazon and beyond: a Multi-Scale Ecosemiotic Approach
Authors: Tønnessen Morten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUmwelt theory is an expression of von Uexküll’ssubjective biologyand as such usually applied in analysis of individual animals, yet it is fundamentally relational and therefore also suitable for analysis of more complex wholes. Since the birth of the modern environmental movement in the 1960s, there has been growing scientific and political acknowledgement of there being aglobalenvironmental crisis, which today manifests itself as a climate change and biodiversity crisis. This calls for a multi-scale ecosemiotic approach to analysis of human ecology at various levels and scales. In this article I explore to what extent ecosemiotic methodology, drawing on Umwelt theory and its consistently subjective perspective, can be applied in analysis of human ecology at different geographical and ecological scales ranging from the global to the local. The article incorporates a case study of human–animal relations in Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve in the Central Amazon. This is a seasonal floodplain forest area surrounded by rivers. I investigate aspects of the living conditions and ecology of the reserve, with a main focus on indigenous communities and the circumstances of two primate species, namely the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) and the black-headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii). I outline matrixes of levels of study in ecosemiotics, and scales in human ecology, and apply two scales to the Mamirauá case. These take an individual animal’s and an individual human being’s subjective experience as their respectively starting points. This allows for multi-scale studies of human ecology from complementary angles.
Time trends in mid-upper-arm anthropometry from 1982 to 2011 in male children and adolescents from Kolkata, India
Authors: Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Dasgupta Parasmani , Saha Rana , Das Rituparna , Das Sukanta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate inter-generational changes in selected mid-upper-arm measurements of boys from Kolkata, India. The analysis was based on the anthropometric measurements of two cohorts of Bengali boys aged 7–16 from middle-class families, in 1982–83 and 2005–11. The two cohorts were compared in terms of their mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and mid-upper-arm area (MUAA), mid-upper-arm muscle area (MUAMA), mid-upper-arm fat area (MUAFA) and Arm Fat Index (AFI). The significances of the differences were determined using two-way ANOVA. All features differed significantly between the examined cohorts and all showed a general positive secular trend. In most cases, the biggest differences were noted for 14- and 16-year olds and the smallest for the youngest boys. The contemporary boys seemed to have more favourable overall developmental conditions, probably related to socioeconomic progress in India over recent decades.
Discriminating Underground Nuclear Explosions Leading To Late‐Time Radionuclide Gas Seeps
Authors: Harp Dylan R. , Bourret S. Michelle , Stauffer Philip H. , Kwicklis Edward M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUtilizing historical data from the U.S. nuclear test program and freely available barometric pressure data, we performed an analytical barometric‐pumping efficiency analysis to determine factors resulting in late‐time radionuclide gas seeps from underground nuclear explosions. We considered 16 underground nuclear explosions with similar geology and test setup, of which five resulted in the measurement of late‐time radionuclide gas concentrations at the ground surface. The factors we considered include barometric frequency and amplitude, depth of burial, air‐filled porosity, intact‐rock permeability, fracture aperture, and fracture spacing. The analysis indicates that the best discriminators of late‐time radionuclide gas seeps for these explosions are barometric frequency and amplitude and air‐filled porosity. While geologic information on fracture aperture and spacing is not available for these explosions, the sensitivity of barometric‐pumping efficiency to fracture aperture indicates that it would likely also be a good discriminator.
Plant communities mediate the interactive effects of invasion and drought on soil microbial communities
Authors: Fahey Catherine , Koyama Akihiro , Antunes Pedro M , Dunfield Kari , Flory S Luke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soil microbiomes could play a major role in ecosystem responses to escalating anthropogenic global change. However, we currently have a poor understanding of how soil microbes will respond to interacting global change factors and if responses will be mediated by changes in plant community structure. We used a field experiment to assess changes in soil fungal and bacterial communities in response to plant invasion, experimental drought, and their combination. In addition, we evaluated the relative importance of direct versus indirect pathways of invasion and drought through changes in associated plant communities with structural equation models. We found that fungal communities were interactively structured by invasion and drought, where fungal richness was lowest with invasion under ambient conditions but highest with invasion under drought conditions. Bacterial richness was lower under drought but unaffected by invasion. Changes in the plant community, including lower plant richness and higher root biomass, moderated the direct effects of invasion on microbial richness. Fungal and bacterial functional groups, including pathogens, mutualists, and nitrogen metabolizers, were also influenced by plant community changes. In sum, plant communities mediated the effects of interacting global change drivers on soil microbial community structure, with significant potential consequences for community dynamics and ecosystem functions.
Traumatic medial clavicle fracture induced by chin bar of a full-face helmet following a downhill mountainbike accident
Authors: Schmitt Thilo , Pfalzer Florian , Huth Jochen , Mauch Frieder 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDownhill mountain biking is a rapidly growing sport. In our case we want to present an isolated medial clavicular fracture following a mountain bike accident with a critical review on the used protection device. A 35 year old healthy patient presented to our hospital after bike accident during downhill mountain biking in Austria with pain over his right medial clavicle. The imaging showed a multifragmentary medial clavicle fracture with an intact SC-joint. Surgical intervention was recommended. Postoperative x-rays showed an anatomic reposition and correct plate positioning. The implant was removed after 18 months without any complications. A full-face helmet with a chin bar is used to achieve better protection of the maxilla, mandible and the teeth. In a hyperflexion situation of the cervical spine, a direct contact of the chin bar with the sternum, sc-joint and the medial clavicle can occur. This impact sets the mentioned structures on a high risk of dislocation and fracture as seen in our case. This risk can be significantly reduced by the combined use of a full face helmet and a neck brace. If the injury is properly identified, positive results can be achieved by surgery.
Association between Psychological Stress and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Castro Micaele M. L. , Ferreira Railson de O. , Fagundes Nathalia C. F. , Almeida Anna P. C. P. S. C. , Maia Lucianne C. , Lima Rafael R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis systematic review aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and periodontitis through analysis of cortisol levels and periodontal clinical parameters. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide and based on PECO (Participants, Exposure, Comparators, Outcomes) question and registered at PROSPERO under the code CRD42017076670. As eligibility criteria, observational studies performed in adult humans presenting periodontitis (P), which evaluated patients exposed (E) and nonexposed to psychological stress (C) and to verify the association between this type of stress and periodontitis (O) were included. The searches were performed until March 2018. The following databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. After searches, the duplicate results were removed. The remaining citations were selected according to eligibility criteria in two phases. In the first phase, the title/abstract was evaluated. In the second phase, the articles were chosen previously were assessed by full text. After selection, the studies were submitted to data extraction and risk of bias evaluation by Fowkes and Fulton. A total of 1,386 citations were retrieved. After duplicates removal and selection process, three articles were selected by full text. Among them, two articles reported a positive association between psychological stress and periodontitis. All articles were classified as low risk of bias. Even though two articles highlighted an association between psychological stress and the presence of a possible modulatory pattern of cortisol levels in clinical parameters of periodontitis, more studies are necessary to elucidate this question.
Analysis of public procurement of translation services from the point of view of issues and solutions in the actual
procurement practice in Montenegro
Authors: Mujević Mersad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A number of issues faced by contracting authorities in the procedure of public procurement of services for
translation of the acquis result from the lack of an overall coordination system for the translation project. One of the key
elements for a well-balanced and efficient system is to properly plan the needs for translation services. Translation is an
extraordinary skill. The skill to communicate reflections, feelings, facts from one language to another. If the job has been well
done by a translator, the reader of the translation (prospective tenderer) must have the impression that the text of the
documentation was originally written or spoken in his own language. As far as translation of tender documentation is concerned,
the tenderer/reader of the translation should not have any doubts about the meaning of the message he receives. Moreover: it is
not enough only to understand the message. Any message conveyed using unusual expressions, unnatural sentences, even if
understood, is annoying and irritating to the prospective tenderer, who, due to this, may even be repelled by the tender
documentation itself. In a good translation, in other words, the intervention of the translator should not be noticeable, and this
actually constitutes the translator’s skill. Therefore, clearly defined conditions, criteria, deadlines, clear description of the
job to be performed etc. are an important segment in defining the quality-based selection of the translator.
The purpose of this paper is to address the most important aspects in the public procurement procedure the
contracting authorities and tenderers are dealing with, in terms of the procedural aspects of procurement, which should result in
a referential framework for requirements concerning the quality and supervision of the quality of translation services.
A lexical-semantic analysis of anglicisms in sports terminology
Authors: Ilinčić Milisav 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Anglicisms are words borrowed from the English language that are customarily used in the Serbian language; they
are frequently used in the Serbian media and in everyday speech. Trying to shed light on the role and importance of anglicisms in
the Serbian language, this paper places a special emphasis on the influence of anglicisms in the sphere of sports terminology. The
reasons for conducting an all-encompassing analysis of sports terms are quite obvious. First of all, if we exclude the growing
vocabulary pertaining to informatics, we could say that it is precisely in the sphere of sports terminology that the greatest
number of anglicisms is to be found. Taking into consideration separate functions of the English language (English for special
purposes, English for academic and professional purposes), the paper introduces a general classification of anglicisms, following
which, providing numerous examples, it analyses the adaptation of sports terminology within the framework of the Serbian
language – on the level of phonology, morphology and semantics. Finally, in order to provide a complete answer to this question,
the final research encompasses the broader context of the use of linguistic means. Naturally, the broadening of lexis makes it
increasingly diverse and rich on a daily basis, with new syntagms being coined in English, giving surprising results. At this
moment, we do not know fully what can be accomplished with them, as their use is still being developed.
On computing the eventual behavior of an 𝐹𝐼-module over the rational numbers
Authors: Wiltshire-Gordon John 
Published: February 2020

We give a formula for the eventual multiplicities of irreducible representations appearing in a finitely presented

F
I

\mathrm {FI}

-module over the rational numbers. The result relies on structure theory due to Sam–Snowden [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 146 (2018), no. 10, pp. 4117-4126].
The essential role of law in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Zeegers Paget Dineke , Patterson David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, we examine the essential role of law in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Following the World Health Organization’s broad definition of health, all SDGs can be seen to impact on human health and hence the health goal (SDG3) should be right at the centre of the entire 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We note recent research on the contribution of law, including international human rights law, to achieving health for all and discuss the role of law in addressing seven emerging health challenges. Law can and should play an important role in achieving all health-related SDGs, by respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to health, ensuring that no one is left behind.
Cortical Thickness and Diffusion Properties in the Injured Brain: The Influence of Chronic Health Complaints
Authors: Adamson Maheen M , Main Keith L , Milazzo Anna-Clare , Soman Salil , Kong Jennifer , Kolakowsky-Hayner Stephanie , Furst Ansgar J , Ashford J Wesson , Kang Xiaojian 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cortical thickness and diffusion properties can be served as an indicator of aging and other brain changes such as those related to brain injury. It can additionally provide another platform by which we can characterize the injury and its associated symptoms, especially in the chronic condition.

Methods
We examined the changes in cortical thickness and diffusion properties in white matter tracts in 51 patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or self-report chronic symptoms.

Results
Significant cortical thinning was observed in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe for TBI patients with chronic symptoms, but not for TBI patients without chronic symptoms, compared with control group. Significant reduction in fractional anisotropy occurred on average across left and right major fiber tracts for TBI patients with chronic symptoms. No mean diffusivity changes were found in any individual white matter tract for TBI patients with or without chronic symptoms.

Conclusions
Traumatic brain injury patients with chronic symptoms have more significant cortical thinning or degeneration of diffusion properties than the mild to severe TBI patients without chronic symptoms. This finding suggests that symptom reporting should be assessed in line with objective measures in clinical practice.
Whole-Body Vibration Training Increases Stem/Progenitor Cell Circulation Levels and May Attenuate Inflammation
Authors: Jawed Yameena , Beli Eleni , March Keith , Kaleth Anthony , Loghmani M Terry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) may benefit individuals with difficulty participating in physical exercise. The objective was to explore the effects of WBVT on circulating stem/progenitor cell (CPC) and cytokine levels.

Methods
Healthy male subjects each performed three activities randomly on separate days: (1) standing platform vibration, (2) repetitive leg squat exercise; and (3) in combination. Pre- and post-activity blood samples were drawn. Cell populations were characterized using flow cytometry. Biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
CPC levels increased significantly 21% with exercise alone (1465 ± 202–1770 ± 221 cells/mL; P = 0.017) and 33% with vibration alone in younger participants (1918 ± 341–2559 ± 496; P = 0.02). Angiogenic CPCs increased 39% during combined activity in younger (633 ± 128–882 ± 181; P = 0.05). Non-angiogenic CPCs increased 42% with vibration alone in younger (1181 ± 222–1677 ± 342; P = 0.04), but 32% with exercise alone in older participants (801 ± 251–1053 ± 325; P = 0.05). With vibration alone, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 increased significantly (P &lt; 0.03), although inflammatory interleukin-6 decreased (P = 0.056); tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P &lt; 0.01) and vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased (P &lt; 0.005), which are synergistically pro-angiogenic.

Conclusions
WBVT may have positive vascular and anti-inflammatory effects. WBVT could augment or serve as an exercise surrogate in warfighters and others who cannot fully participate in exercise programs, having important implications in military health.
Neurodevelopmental Characterization of Young Children Diagnosed with Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1
Authors: Thurm Audrey , Chlebowski Colby , Joseph Lisa , Farmer Cristan , Adedipe Dee , Weiss Madison , Wiggs Edythe , Farhat Nicole , Bianconi Simona , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Porter Forbes D. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:Objective:Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, with the age of diagnosis ranging from the prenatal period through adulthood. Although neurological symptoms usually precede genetic diagnosis, they do not necessarily prompt diagnosis in the early years. Few prospective data are available to describe neurological onset, including neurodevelopmental delays, in children with NPC1. This dearth of information hinders the planning and implementation of adequate monitoring and treatment for the neurodevelopmental sequelae of NPC1.Method:Twenty-nine infants, toddlers, and preschoolers younger than 6 years participated in a natural history study and were administered neurodevelopmental assessments using instruments commonly used for early intervention screening in the community.Results:Twenty-two of 29 participants met the criteria for a significant delay of at least 1.5 SDs below the mean in at least one domain of development; the youngest children often met these criteria for a significant delay based on motor delays, but cognitive and language delays were also common. However, only 11 of the 22 participants were reported to receive early intervention services before study entry.Conclusion:Although neurological symptoms may not prompt the genetic diagnosis of NPC1, the current findings support the use of a multimethod approach to repeated assessments for young children with the diagnosis because of the frequency of developmental delays or decline in multiple domains. The diagnosis of NPC1 alone should qualify children for evaluation for early intervention services and consideration of investigational therapeutic interventions.