bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of soy-based feed ingredient entry to the United States by ocean freight shipping and the associated seaports
Authors: Gilbert Patterson , Megan Niederwerder , Scott Dee 
Published: October 2019

The potential of feed ingredients to serve as vehicles for African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) introduction to the US is a significant concern. ASFV DNA has been detected in the Chinese feed system; raw grains and meals drying on the ground and milling facilities and feed delivery vehicles. Experimental evidence of ASFV survival in multiple soy-based feed ingredients during a simulated 30-day transoceanic journey and the transmission of ASFV through the natural consumption of contaminated feed has been published. Therefore, it’s important to understand the quantity of soy-based ingredients that enter the US from ASFV-positive countries via ocean shipping and rank sea ports of Entry (POEs) according to annual volume of these products to manage this risk.The quantity of soy-based feed ingredients and their specific ports of entry was obtained at the International Trade Commission Harmonized Tariff Schedule website (www.hs.usitc.gov), a publically available website that provides a transaction of specific trade commodities between the US and its international trading partners. A close review of this database identified 10 HTS codes pertaining to soy-based feed ingredients, including soybeans, soybean meal, soy oil cake and soy oil. Specific queries on these 10 HTS codes were designed to provide information on country of origin, quantity of product, date of entry, and POE into the US. Data were exported into Microsoft Excel, then organized into pivot tables that described the quantity of specific product by country of origin and POE. The analysis focused on the 43 ASFV-positive countries on the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Watch List.In 2018, 104,707 metric tons (MT) of soy-based ingredients were imported to the US from a total of nine foreign countries that are included on the CFIA Watch List. 52.6 % of this volume that was imported, or 55,101 MT, originated from China. These soy-based products from China entered the US from a total of 13 separate ports of entry (POEs). Of these POEs, a total of 4 POEs received greater than 88% of all of soy-based ingredients originating from CHina, including San Francisco/Oakland, CA (60.36%), Seattle, WA (20.54%), Baltimore, MD (4.13%), and Los Angeles, CA (3.78%).This is a new approach to analyze the risk management of feed imports, focusing on seaport of highest risk and quantity of product received. This work represents an initial step towards building a comprehensive listing of imported products introduced into the pork supply chain, and provide a roadmap to understanding risks involved in global livestock feed ingredient sourcing.
SAXS Curves of Detergent Micelles: Effects of Asymmetry, Shape Fluctuations, Disorder, and Atomic Details
Authors: Ivanović Miloš T. , Hermann Markus R. , Wójcik Maciej , Pérez Javier , Hub Jochen S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmall-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a widely used experimental technique, providing structural and dynamic insight into soft-matter complexes and biomolecules under near-native conditions. However, interpreting the one-dimensional scattering profiles in terms of three-dimensional structures and ensembles remains challenging, partly because it is poorly understood how structural information is encoded along the measured scattering angle. We combined all-atom SAXS-restrained ensemble simulations, simplified continuum models, and SAXS experiments of a n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) micelle to decipher the effects of model asymmetry, shape fluctuations, atomic disorder, and atomic details on SAXS curves. Upon interpreting the small-angle regime, we find remarkable agreement between (i) a two-component tri-axial ellipsoid model fitted against the data with (ii) a SAXS-refined all-atom ensemble. However, continuum models fail at wider angles, even if they account for shape fluctuations, disorder, and asymmetry of the micelle. We conclude that modelling atomic details is mandatory for explaining SAXS curves at wider angles.
Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning in Humans
Authors: Tomov Momchil S. , Schulz Eric , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe ability to transfer knowledge across tasks and generalize to novel ones is an important hallmark of human intelligence. Yet not much is known about human multi-task reinforcement learning. We study participants’ behavior in a novel two-step decision making task with multiple features and changing reward functions. We compare their behavior to two state-of-the-art algorithms for multi-task reinforcement learning, one that maps previous policies and encountered features to new reward functions and one that approximates value functions across tasks, as well as to standard model-based and model-free algorithms. Across three exploratory experiments and a large preregistered experiment, our results provide strong evidence for a strategy that maps previously learned policies to novel scenarios. These results enrich our understanding of human reinforcement learning in complex environments with changing task demands.
The effect of variant interference on de novo assembly for viral deep sequencing
Authors: Castro Christina J. , Marine Rachel L. , Ramos Edward , Ng Terry Fei Fan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractViruses have high mutation rates and generally exist as a mixture of variants in biological samples. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has surpassed Sanger for generating long viral sequences, yet how variants affect NGS de novo assembly remains largely unexplored. Our results from >15,000 simulated experiments showed that presence of variants can turn an assembly of one genome into tens to thousands of contigs. This “variant interference” (VI) is highly consistent and reproducible by ten most used de novo assemblers, and occurs independent of genome length, read length, and GC content. The main driver of VI is pairwise identities between viral variants. These findings were further supported by in silico simulations, where selective removal of minor variant reads from clinical datasets allow the “rescue” of full viral genomes from fragmented contigs. These results call for careful interpretation of contigs and contig numbers from de novo assembly in viral deep sequencing.
Autoimmunity Risk Gene IRGM is a Master Negative Regulator of Interferon Response by Controlling the Activation of cGAS-STING and RIG-I-MAVS Signaling Pathways
Authors: Jena Kautilya Kumar , Mehto Subhash , Nath Parej , Chauhan Nishant Ranjan , Sahu Rinku , Nayak Tapas Kumar , Das Saroj Kumar , Dhar Kollori , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar , Murmu Krushna C , De Saikat , Datey Ankita , Prasad Punit , Chattopadhyay Soma , Chauhan Swati , Chauhan Santosh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractActivation of type 1 interferon response is extensively connected with the antiviral immunity and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we found that IRGM, whose deficiency is linked with the genesis of several autoimmune disorders, is a master negative regulator of the interferon response. Mechanistically, we show that IRGM interacts with nucleic acid sensor proteins, including cGAS and RIG-I, and mediates their autophagic degradation to restrain activation of interferon signaling. Further, IRGM maintains mitophagy flux, and its deficiency results in the accumulation of defunct leaky mitochondria that releases cytosolic DAMPs triggering activation of interferon responses via cGAS-STING and RIG-I-MAVS signaling axis. Due to an enduring type 1 IFN response in IRGM-deficient cells and mice, they were intrinsically resistant to infection of the Japanese Encephalitis virus, Herpes Simplex virus, and Chikungunya virus. Altogether, this study defines the molecular mechanisms by which IRGM maintains interferon homeostasis and protects from autoimmune diseases. Further, it identifies IRGM as a broad therapeutic target for defense against viruses.Graphical Abstract
On the logic of Fisherian sexual selection
Authors: Veller Carl , Muralidhar Pavitra , Haig David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Fisher’s model of sexual selection, a female preference for a male trait spreads together with the trait because their genetic bases become correlated. This can be interpreted as a ‘greenbeard’ system: a preference gene, by inducing a female to mate with a trait-bearing male, favors itself because the male is disproportionately likely also to carry the preference gene. Here, we use this logic to argue that Fisherian sexual selection in diploids proceeds via two channels, corresponding to two reasons that trait-bearing males disproportionately carry preference genes: (i) trait-bearing males are disproportionately the product of matings between preference-bearing mothers and trait-bearing fathers, and thus trait and preference genes are correlated ‘in trans’; (ii) trait and preference genes come into gametic phase disequilibrium, and thus are correlated ‘in cis’. Gametic phase disequilibrium is generated by three distinct mechanisms: a ‘recombination mechanism’, a ‘dominance mechanism’, and a ‘sexual admixture mechanism’. The trans channel does not operate when sexual selection is restricted to the haploid phase, and therefore represents a fundamental difference between haploid and diploid models of sexual selection. We use simulation experiments to artificially eliminate the cis channel, and show that a preference gene can spread in its absence in the diploid model, but not in the haploid model. We further show that the cis and trans channels contribute equally to the spread of the preference when recombination between the preference and trait loci is free, but that the trans channel becomes substantially more important when linkage is tight.
Profiling the endothelial translatomein vivousing ‘AngioTag’ zebrafish
Authors: Miller Mayumi F. , Greenspan Leah J. , Gildea Derek E. , Monzo Kathryn , Margolin Gennady , Pham Van N. , Ameyaw Keith , Price Lisa , Aloi Natalie , Stratman Amber N. , Davis Andrew E. , Cisneros Isabella , Mertus Caleb , Dale Ryan K. , Baxevanis Andreas D. , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial cellsin vivoare exquisitely regulated by their local environment, which is disrupted or absent when using methods such as FACS sorting of cells isolated from animals orin vitrocell culture. Here, we profile the gene expression patterns of undisturbed endothelial cells in living animals using a novel “AngioTag” zebrafish transgenic line that permits isolation of actively translating mRNAs from endothelial cells in their native environment. This transgenic line uses the endothelial cell-specifickdrlpromoter to drive expression of an epitope tagged Rpl10a 60S ribosomal subunit protein, allowing for Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) of actively translating endothelial cell mRNAs. By performing TRAP-RNAseq on AngioTag animals, we demonstrate strong enrichment of endothelial specific genes and uncover novel endothelial genes and unique endothelial gene expression signatures for different adult organs. Finally, we generated a versatile “UAS:RiboTag” transgenic line to allow a wider array of different zebrafish cell and tissue types to be examined using TRAP-RNAseq methods. These new tools offer an unparalleled resource to study the molecular identity of cells in their normalin vivocontext.
A Versatile Polypharmacology Platform Promotes Cytoprotection and Viability of Human Pluripotent and Differentiated Cells
Authors: Chen Yu , Tristan Carlos A. , Chen Lu , Jovanovic Vukasin M. , Malley Claire , Chu Pei-Hsuan , Ryu Seungmi , Deng Tao , Ormanoglu Pinar , Tao Dingyin , Fang Yuhong , Slamecka Jaroslav , LeClair Christopher A. , Michael Sam , Austin Christopher P. , Simeonov Anton , Singeç Ilyas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClinical translation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires advanced strategies that ensure safe and robust long-term growth and functional differentiation. Pluripotent cells are capable of extensive self-renewal, yet remain highly sensitive to environmental perturbations in vitro, posing challenges to their therapeutic use. Here, we deployed innovative high-throughput screening strategies to identify a small molecule cocktail that dramatically improves viability of hPSCs and their differentiated progeny. We discovered that the combination of Chroman 1, Emricasan, Polyamines, and Trans-ISRIB (CEPT) enhanced cell survival of genetically stable hPSCs by simultaneously blocking several stress mechanisms that otherwise compromise cell structure and function. In proof-of-principle experiments we then demonstrated the strong improvements that CEPT provided for several key applications in stem cell research, including routine cell passaging, cryopreservation of pluripotent and differentiated cells, embryoid body and organoid formation, single-cell cloning, genome editing, and new iPSC line generation. Thus, CEPT represents a unique polypharmacology strategy for comprehensive cytoprotection, providing a new rationale for efficient and safe utilization of hPSCs. Conferring cell fitness by multi-target drug combinations may become a common approach in cryobiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine.
RACK1 is required for axon guidance and local translation at growth cone point contacts
Authors: Kershner Leah , Bumbledare Taylor , Cassidy Paige , Bailey Samantha , Welshhans Kristy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLocal translation regulates the formation of appropriate connectivity in the developing nervous system. However, the localization and molecular mechanisms underlying this translation within growth cones is not well understood. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a multi-functional ribosomal scaffolding protein that interacts with β-actin mRNA. We recently showed that RACK1 localizes to and regulates the formation of point contacts, which are adhesion sites that control growth cone motility. This suggests that local translation occurs at these adhesion sites that are important for axonal pathfinding, but this has not been investigated. Here, we show that RACK1 is required for BDNF-induced local translation of β-actin mRNA in growth cones. Furthermore, the ribosomal binding function of RACK1 regulates point contact formation, and axon growth and guidance. We also find that local translation of β-actin occurs at point contacts. Taken together, we show that adhesions are a targeted site of local translation within growth cones, and RACK1 is critical to the formation of point contacts and appropriate neural development. These data provide further insight into how and where local translation is regulated, and thereby leads to appropriate connectivity formation in the developing nervous system.
Identification of bridgin, an unconventional linker, connects the outer kinetochore to centromeric chromatin
Authors: Sridhar Shreyas , Hori Tetsuya , Nakagawa Reiko , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Sanyal Kaustuv 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe microtubule-binding outer kinetochore is linked to centromeric chromatin through the inner kinetochore CENP-CMif2, CENP-TCnn1, and CENP-UAme1 pathways. These are the only known kinetochore linker proteins across eukaryotes. Linker proteins are structurally less conserved than their outer kinetochore counterparts. Here, we demonstrate the recurrent loss of most inner kinetochore CCAN, including certain linker proteins during evolution in the fungal phylum of Basidiomycota. By studying the kinetochore interactome, a previously undescribed linker protein, bridgin was identified in the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, a human fungal pathogen. In vivo and in vitro functional analyses of bridgin reveal that it binds to the outer kinetochore and centromere chromatin simultaneously to ensure accurate kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Unlike known linker proteins, bridgin is recruited by the outer kinetochore. Homologs of bridgin were identified outside fungi. These results showcase a divergent strategy, with a more ancient origin than fungi, to link the outer kinetochore to centromeric chromatin.
It’s everybody’s business, Period
Authors: Taimoor Sadaf , Hameed Mahnoor 
Published: October 2019

Supplementary materials
A pitch deck for Girlythings has been provided as a supplementary material for this case. Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes

Learning outcomes
In the light of the case and the accompanying case questions, the students should understand the following: socio-cultural perspectives in adopting the use of taboo products in an emerging economy and a conservative society such as Pakistan; role of government and non-governmental agencies in influencing policy framework; the application of the theory of planned behavior in channeling positive attitudes toward the use of personal hygiene products; peculiarities of formulating an expansion strategy for entrepreneurial ventures; and idiosyncrasies of developing effective business pitches.

Case overview/synopsis
Founded in early 2018, Girlythings was a young startup spearheaded by Tanzila Khan. It aimed at not only improving the availability of sanitary products in the emerging Pakistan market but, over and above, also removing the stigma attached to the topic of menstruation in the society. While the startup was still nestled at an incubation center, the protagonist faced the utmost challenge of deciding the fate of the venture due to the taboo nature of the product. This case is a rich description of the stigma that prevails on the topic of women health in conservative societies like Pakistan. It will help students appreciate the idiosyncrasies of operating in emerging markets and spearheading ventures that deal with sensitive issues.

Complexity academic level
This case is geared toward undergraduate students enrolled in courses of strategy, strategic marketing and entrepreneurship.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship
Collective personality fit and diversity – how effective are they in predicting relationship conflict?
Authors: Seong Jee Young , Hong Doo-Seung 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactive effect of collective personality fit and its diversity on relationship conflict in a team context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,265 employees and their leaders in 110 work teams in a Korean manufacturing company.FindingsThe results show that the two-way interaction between collective personality fit and its dispersion affects relationship conflict in teams. The effect of collective fit on relationship conflict was found to be weaker when the dispersion of collective fit is low than when it is high. This study reports that a high level of collective fit dispersion may help resolve relationship conflict in certain conditions, such as when the level of collective fit is high.Practical implicationsThis paper implies that the diverse perception of fit does not always hamper intragroup consonance, and relationship conflict can be reduced as long as the overall level of collective fit is high. The diverse or heterogeneous personalities of team members contribute unique attributes of each member to the success of the team because some members of a heterogeneous team may play the role of filling the gap left by others.Originality/valueThis study argues that collective fit is a new construct, not a simple aggregation of individual fit traits, and the pattern of relationships at the individual level is not replicated at the group level, either conceptually or empirically.
An evident prescience of determinants of dividend policy of Indian real estate companies
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Bakshi Apurva 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to make an attempt to identify the determinants of dividend policy by analyzing 125 real estate companies, which are selected on the basis of consistent dividend distribution throughout the study period. Most of these companies either listed with Bombay Stock Exchange or National Stock Exchange.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies three alternative methods to verify and validate the results obtained from each other method, namely, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square and generalized method of moments (GMM). Data collected of the selected companies’ post-recession period i.e. 2009-2017. The selected companies have age either 5 years old or more when data are retrieved from the above-mentioned sources. Due to much volatility in the recession period in the real estate firms at the global level, no data have been taken of the firms before March 2009. Moreover, for arriving at good analysis and an adequate number of observations for the study more recent data have been taken.FindingsEmpirical findings of this research paper depict that firm previous dividend, firm risk and liquidity are strong predictors of future dividend payout ratios (DPRs). The results indicate that firm risk as measured through price-earnings ratio (PE ratio) has a positive association with a DPR of selected real estate firms. Lagged DPR used in the GMM test as an exogenous variable is showing positive significant association with DPR. Firm’s growth is found significant in FMOLS and GMM techniques. On the other firm’s size is found significant according to cointegration techniques.Practical implicationsThe present study shall be useful to different stakeholders of real estate companies. Various significant determinants as identified can be used by management for designing optimum dividend policy and providing maximum benefits to existing shareholders. Similarly existing and prospective shareholders may predict the future payment of dividend and accordingly they may take investment decisions in these firms, as the future fund’s requirement of a firm depends upon dividend payment and retention ratio.Originality/valueAs per the authors’ knowledge, there is no single study carried in the post-recession period to predict determinants of dividend policy of real estate sector using three alternatives of methods to verify and validate the results obtained from each other method. The study is carried out after exploring determinant from a diverse range of period of studies (oldest one to latest one).