bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase model for the low-carbon transformation of energy systems in the MENA region
Authors: Fischedick Manfred , Holtz Georg , Fink Thomas , Amroune Sarra , Wehinger Franziska 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven large potentials of the MENA region for renewable energy production, transitions towards renewables-based energy systems seem a promising way for meeting growing energy demand while contributing to greenhouse gas emissions reductions according to the Paris Agreement at the same time. Supporting and steering transitions to a low-carbon energy system require a clear understanding of socio-technical interdependencies in the energy system as well as of the principle dynamics of system innovations. For facilitating such understanding, a phase model for renewables-based energy transitions in MENA countries, which structures the transition process over time through the differentiation of a set of sub-sequent distinct phases, is developed in this article. The phase model builds on a phase model depicting the German energy transition, which was complemented by insights about transition governance and adapted to reflect characteristics of the MENA region. The resulting model includes four phases (“Take-off renewables”, “System integration”, “Power to fuel/gases”, “Towards 100% renewables”), each of which is characterized by a different cluster of innovations. These innovations enter the system via three stages of development which describe different levels of maturity and market penetration, and which require appropriate governance. The phase model has the potential to support strategy development and governance of energy transitions in MENA countries in two complementary ways: it provides an overview of techno-economic developments as orienting guidelines for decision-makers, and it adds some guidance as to which governance approaches are suitable for supporting those developments.
Toxicity of polyelectrolyte-functionalized titania nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
Authors: Arabeyyat Zeinab H. , Al-Awady Mohammed J. , Greenway Gillian M. , Paunov Vesselin N. , Rotchell Jeanette M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigated the effects of short-term exposure of bare TiO2NPs and polyelectrolyte-coated TiO2NPs in the 5–25 nm size range, at relatively high concentrations (of 500 and 1000 mg/L) under light or dark conditions, in D. rerio embryos. The biological endpoints investigated included embryo viability and mRNA transcript levels of antioxidant and membrane transport genes relative to control embryos. The presence of nanoparticles on the surface of embryos was assessed using TEM. The results confirm an accumulation of TiO2NPs on the outer surface (chorion) of the embryo, but not within the embryo. No significant difference in embryo viability was detected following each exposure regime. The expression of antioxidant biomarker, SOD2, was significantly impacted by the type of TiO2NP, with TiO2NPs/PSS/PAH coating exposure showing down regulation; the concentration of the nanoparticles, with down regulation at 500 mg/L; and dark/light condition with down regulation in the light. The expression levels of the hypoxia and membrane markers, HIF1 and Pxmp2, were not significantly impacted by any factor. The study indicates that SOD2 mRNA expression levels may be useful in the detection of apparent oxidative stress induced by the titania nanoparticle build up on the embryo chorion surface.
Sleep and development in adolescence in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage
Authors: El‐Sheikh Mona , Shimizu Mina , Philbrook Lauren E. , Erath Stephen A. , Buckhalt Joseph A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSleep problems are associated with negative developmental outcomes in youth, and identification of vulnerability and protective factors is needed to explicate for whom and under which conditions adolescents may be most at risk. Towards this end, we examined socio‐economic status (SES) as a moderator of associations between multiple sleep parameters and adolescents’ socio‐emotional adjustment and cognitive functioning.MethodsParticipants were 272 adolescents (M age = 17.3 years; 49% girls) and their parents, residing in the Southeastern U.S.A. The sample was socioeconomically diverse and included 41% Black/African American and 59% White/European American youth. Using a cross‐sectional design, adolescents' sleep was assessed with actigraphy (total sleep minutes; efficiency indicated by % of time asleep from sleep onset to wake time) and self‐reports of sleep quality (sleep‐wake problems). Mothers reported on youths’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and cognitive functioning was assessed with a standardized test battery.ResultsModeration effects were found and illustrated that, for youth from families with lower SES, shorter and less efficient sleep and subjective sleep problems were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as lower cognitive performance. Conversely, longer and better‐quality sleep protected against socio‐emotional and cognitive difficulties otherwise observed for socioeconomically disadvantaged youth. Fewer relations between sleep and adjustment emerged for adolescents from families with higher SES.ConclusionsResults reinforce a growing literature indicating that the relation between sleep and adjustment is stronger for youth from families with lower SES, who may especially benefit from better sleep.
Extremality and dynamically defined measures, part II: Measures from conformal dynamical systems
Authors: DAS TUSHAR , FISHMAN LIOR , SIMMONS DAVID , URBAŃSKI MARIUSZ 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a new method of proving the Diophantine extremality of various dynamically defined measures, vastly expanding the class of measures known to be extremal. This generalizes and improves the celebrated theorem of Kleinbock and Margulis [Logarithm laws for flows on homogeneous spaces. Invent. Math.138(3) (1999), 451–494] resolving Sprindžuk’s conjecture, as well as its extension by Kleinbock, Lindenstrauss, and Weiss [On fractal measures and Diophantine approximation. Selecta Math.10 (2004), 479–523], hereafter abbreviated KLW. As applications we prove the extremality of all hyperbolic measures of smooth dynamical systems with sufficiently large Hausdorff dimension, and of the Patterson–Sullivan measures of all nonplanar geometrically finite groups. The key technical idea, which has led to a plethora of new applications, is a significant weakening of KLW’s sufficient conditions for extremality. In the first of this series of papers [Extremality and dynamically defined measures, part I: Diophantine properties of quasi-decaying measures. Selecta Math.24(3) (2018), 2165–2206], we introduce and develop a systematic account of two classes of measures, which we call quasi-decaying and weakly quasi-decaying. We prove that weak quasi-decay implies strong extremality in the matrix approximation framework, as well as proving the ‘inherited exponent of irrationality’ version of this theorem. In this paper, the second of the series, we establish sufficient conditions on various classes of conformal dynamical systems for their measures to be quasi-decaying. In particular, we prove the above-mentioned result about Patterson–Sullivan measures, and we show that equilibrium states (including conformal measures) of nonplanar infinite iterated function systems (including those which do not satisfy the open set condition) and rational functions are quasi-decaying.
WAVE FRONT HOLONOMICITY OF -CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS ON NON-ARCHIMEDEAN LOCAL FIELDS
Authors: AIZENBUD AVRAHAM , CLUCKERS RAF 
Published: June 2020

Many phenomena in geometry and analysis can be explained via the theory of

$D$

-modules, but this theory explains close to nothing in the non-archimedean case, by the absence of integration by parts. Hence there is a need to look for alternatives. A central example of a notion based on the theory of

$D$

-modules is the notion of holonomic distributions. We study two recent alternatives of this notion in the context of distributions on non-archimedean local fields, namely

$\mathscr{C}^{\text{exp}}$

-class distributions from Cluckers et al. [‘Distributions and wave front sets in the uniform nonarchimedean setting’, Trans. Lond. Math. Soc.5(1) (2018), 97–131] and WF-holonomicity from Aizenbud and Drinfeld [‘The wave front set of the Fourier transform of algebraic measures’, Israel J. Math.207(2) (2015), 527–580 (English)]. We answer a question from Aizenbud and Drinfeld [‘The wave front set of the Fourier transform of algebraic measures’, Israel J. Math.207(2) (2015), 527–580 (English)] by showing that each distribution of the

$\mathscr{C}^{\text{exp}}$

-class is WF-holonomic and thus provides a framework of WF-holonomic distributions, which is stable under taking Fourier transforms. This is interesting because the

$\mathscr{C}^{\text{exp}}$

-class contains many natural distributions, in particular, the distributions studied by Aizenbud and Drinfeld [‘The wave front set of the Fourier transform of algebraic measures’, Israel J. Math.207(2) (2015), 527–580 (English)]. We show also another stability result of this class, namely, one can regularize distributions without leaving the

$\mathscr{C}^{\text{exp}}$

-class. We strengthen a link from Cluckers et al. [‘Distributions and wave front sets in the uniform nonarchimedean setting’, Trans. Lond. Math. Soc.5(1) (2018), 97–131] between zero loci and smooth loci for functions and distributions of the

$\mathscr{C}^{\text{exp}}$

-class. A key ingredient is a new resolution result for subanalytic functions (by alterations), based on embedded resolution for analytic functions and model theory.
FERDINANDO GALIANI’S NEWTONIAN SOCIAL MATHEMATICS
Authors: Patalano Rosario 
Published: June 2020

The evolution of Ferdinando Galiani’s thought toward social mathematic has been neglected by scholars, and his attempt to establish political arguments on the analytical basis remains unexplored. The non-systematic nature of Galiani’s intuitions, due to his laziness, largely justifies this underestimation of his scientific program. This paper intends to show that the mature abbé Galiani follows an intellectual itinerary autonomous and parallel to that followed by Marquis de Condorcet in the same years. The anti-Physiocratique querelle represents Galiani’s methodological maturation. In contrast with Physiocratic economic doctrine, based on the primacy of deductive methodology, Galiani claims for economic science the realism of circumstance against aprioristic axiomatic hypotheses and rationalist generalizations. Galiani’s project, substantially similar to Marquis de Condorcet’s approach to social science, can be defined as Newtonian social mathematics opposed to Physiocratic Cartesian social mathematics.
Season-long weed control with sequential herbicide programs in California tree nut crops
Authors: Brunharo Caio A. C. G. , Watkins Seth , Hanson Bradley D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWeed control in tree nut orchards is a year-round challenge for growers that is particularly intense during winter through summer as a result of competition and interference with management and harvest operations. A common weed control program consists of an application of a winter PRE and POST herbicide mixture, followed by a desiccation treatment in early spring and before harvest. Because most spring and summer treatments depend on a limited number of foliar-applied herbicides, summer-germinating species and/or herbicide-resistant biotypes become troublesome. Previous research has established effective PRE herbicide programs targeting winter glyphosate-resistant weeds. However, more recently, growers have reported difficulties in controlling several summer-germinating grass weeds with documented or suspected resistance to the spring and summer POST herbicide programs. In this context, research was conducted to evaluate a sequential PRE approach to control winter- and summer-germinating orchard weeds. Eight field experiments were conducted in tree nut orchards to evaluate the efficacy of common winter herbicide programs and a sequential herbicide program for control of a key summer grass weed species. In the sequential-application strategy, three foundational herbicide programs applied in the winter were either mixed with pendimethalin, followed with pendimethalin in March, or applied as a split application of pendimethalin in both winter and spring. Results indicate that the addition of pendimethalin enhanced summer grass weed control throughout the crop growing season by up to 31%. Applying all or part of the pendimethalin in the spring improved control of the summer grass weed junglerice by up to 49%. The lower rate of pendimethalin applied in the spring performed as well as the high rate in the winter, suggesting opportunities for reducing herbicide inputs. Tailoring sequential herbicide programs to address specific weed challenges can be a viable strategy for improving orchard weed control without increasing herbicide use in some situations.
Solar Cycle Variations of GPS Amplitude Scintillation for the Polar Region
Authors: Meziane K. , Kashcheyev A. , Patra S. , Jayachandran P. T. , Hamza A. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (GPS) L1 amplitude data, obtained using the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) during the period 2008–2018, is used to study the seasonal and solar cycle dependence of high‐latitude amplitude scintillation. The occurrence of amplitude scintillation is predominantly confined to the 10–18 magnetic local time (MLT) and 72–87° Altitude‐Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic (AACGM) sector and is a winter and equinoctial phenomenon. The occurrence of amplitude scintillation shows a clear seasonal and solar cycle dependence with a maximum value of ∼11% during the high solar activity early winter periods, and a secondary maximum in equinoctial months, and almost no occurrence during summer months. This pattern in occurrence suggests that amplitude scintillation is a phenomenon that is closely associated with the presence of patches and particle precipitation events.
Modulating the optical and electrical properties of MAPbBr3 single crystals via voltage regulation engineering and application in memristors
Authors: Xing Jun , Zhao Chen , Zou Yuting , Kong Wenchi , Yu Zhi , Shan Yuwei , Dong Qingfeng , Zhou Ding , Yu Weili , Guo Chunlei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDefect density is one of the most significant characteristics of perovskite single crystals (PSCs) that determines their optical and electrical properties, but few strategies are available to tune this property. Here, we demonstrate that voltage regulation is an efficient method to tune defect density, as well as the optical and electrical properties of PSCs. A three-step carrier transport model of MAPbBr3PSCs is proposed to explore the defect regulation mechanism and carrier transport dynamics via an applied bias. Dynamic and steady-state photoluminescence measurements subsequently show that the surface defect density, average carrier lifetime, and photoluminescence intensity can be efficiently tuned by the applied bias. In particular, when the regulation voltage is 20 V (electrical poling intensity is 0.167 V μm−1), the surface defect density of MAPbBr3PSCs is reduced by 24.27%, the carrier lifetime is prolonged by 32.04%, and the PL intensity is increased by 112.96%. Furthermore, a voltage-regulated MAPbBr3PSC memristor device shows an adjustable multiresistance, weak ion migration effect and greatly enhanced device stability. Voltage regulation is a promising engineering technique for developing advanced perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Hfm1 participates in Golgi-associated spindle assembly and division in mouse oocyte meiosis
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Zhong Chenyi , Yang Rui , Yin Yaoxue , Tan Rongrong , Gao Li , Gao Chao , Cui Yugui , Pu Danhua , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHFM1 (helicase for meiosis 1) is widely recognized as an ATP-dependent DNA helicase and is expressed mainly in germ-line cells. HFM1 is a candidate gene of premature ovarian failure (POF), hence it is also known as POF9. However, the roles of HFM1 in mammalian oocytes remain uncertain. To investigate the functions of HFM1, we established a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Specific knockout of Hfm1 in mouse oocytes from the primordial follicle stage resulted in depletion of ovarian follicular reserve and subfertility of mice. In particular, abnormal spindle, misaligned chromosomes, loss of cortical actin cap, and failing polar body extrusion were readily observed in Hfm1-cKO oocytes. Further studies indicated that in addition to its cytoplasmic distribution, Hfm1 accumulated at the spindle poles, colocalized with the Golgi marker protein, GM130. Generally, GM130 signals overlapped with p-Mapk at the two spindle poles to regulate meiotic spindle assembly and asymmetric division. In this research, centrosome associated proteins, such as GM130 and p-Mapk, detached from the spindle poles in Hfm1-cKO oocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest that Hfm1 participates in Golgi-associated spindle assembly and division in mouse oocyte meiosis. These findings provide clues for pathogenesis of POF.
In vivo stem cell tracking using scintigraphy in a canine model of DMD
Authors: Barthélémy Inès , Thibaud Jean-Laurent , de Fornel Pauline , Cassano Marco , Punzón Isabel , Mauduit David , Vilquin Jean-Thomas , Devauchelle Patrick , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Blot Stéphane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the main challenges in cell therapy for muscle diseases is to efficiently target the muscle. To address this issue and achieve better understanding ofin vivocell fate, we evaluated the relevance of a non-invasive cell tracking method in the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) model, a well-recognised model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Mesoangioblasts were directly labelled with111In-oxine, and injected through one of the femoral arteries. The scintigraphy images obtained provided the first quantitative mapping of the immediate biodistribution of mesoangioblasts in a large animal model of DMD. The results revealed that cells were trapped by the first capillary filters: the injected limb and the lung. During the days following injection, radioactivity was redistributed to the liver.In vitrostudies, performed with the same cells prepared for injecting the animal, revealed prominent cell death and111In release.In vivo, cell death resulted in111In release into the vasculature that was taken up by the liver, resulting in a non-specific and non-cell-bound radioactive signal. Indirect labelling methods would be an attractive alternative to track cells on the mid- and long-term.
Hospitalization for acute heart failure: the in-hospital care pathway predicts one-year readmission
Authors: Duflos Claire , Troude Pénélope , Strainchamps David , Ségouin Christophe , Logeart Damien , Mercier Grégoire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn patients with heart failure, some organizational and modifiable factors could be prognostic factors. We aimed to assess the association between the in-hospital care pathways during hospitalization for acute heart failure and the risk of readmission. This retrospective study included all elderly patients who were hospitalized for acute heart failure at the Universitary Hospital Lariboisière (Paris) during 2013. We collected the wards attended, length of stay, admission and discharge types, diagnostic procedures, and heart failure discharge treatment. The clinical factors were the specific medical conditions, left ventricular ejection fraction, type of heart failure syndrome, sex, smoking status, and age. Consistent groups of in-hospital care pathways were built using an ascending hierarchical clustering method based on a primary components analysis. The association between the groups and the risk of readmission at 1 month and 1 year (for heart failure or for any cause) were measured via a count data model that was adjusted for clinical factors. This study included 223 patients. Associations between the in-hospital care pathway and the 1 year-readmission status were studied in 207 patients. Five consistent groups were defined: 3 described expected in-hospital care pathways in intensive care units, cardiology and gerontology wards, 1 described deceased patients, and 1 described chaotic pathways. The chaotic pathway strongly increased the risk (p = 0.0054) of 1 year readmission for acute heart failure. The chaotic in-hospital care pathway, occurring in specialized wards, was associated with the risk of readmission. This could promote specific quality improvement actions in these wards. Follow-up research projects should aim to describe the processes causing the generation of chaotic pathways and their consequences.
Venom alkaloids against Chagas disease parasite: search for effective therapies
Authors: Silva Rafael C. M. Costa , Fox Eduardo G. P. , Gomes Fabio M. , Feijó Daniel F. , Ramos Isabela , Koeller Carolina M. , Costa Tatiana F. R. , Rodrigues Nathalia S. , Lima Ana P. , Atella Georgia C. , Miranda Kildare , Schoijet Alejandra C. , Alonso Guillermo D. , de Alcântara Machado Ednildo , Heise Norton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChagas disease is an important disease affecting millions of patients in the New World and is caused by a protozoan transmitted by haematophagous kissing bugs. It can be treated with drugs during the early acute phase; however, effective therapy against the chronic form of Chagas disease has yet to be discovered and developed. We herein tested the activity of solenopsin alkaloids extracted from two species of fire ants against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although IC50 determinations showed that solenopsins are more toxic to the parasite than benznidazole, the drug of choice for Chagas disease treatment, the ant alkaloids presented a lower selectivity index. As a result of exposure to the alkaloids, the parasites became swollen and rounded in shape, with hypertrophied contractile vacuoles and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization, possibly resulting in osmotic stress; no accumulation of multiple kinetoplasts and/or nuclei was detected. Overexpressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase—an enzyme essential for osmoregulation that is a known target of solenopsins in mammalian cells—did not prevent swelling and vacuolization, nor did it counteract the toxic effects of alkaloids on the parasites. Additional experimental results suggested that solenopsins induced a type of autophagic and programmed cell death in T. cruzi. Solenopsins also reduced the intracellular proliferation of T. cruzi amastigotes in infected macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrated activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms, which is another important aetiological kinetoplastid parasite. The results suggest the potential of solenopsins as novel natural drugs against neglected parasitic diseases caused by kinetoplastids.