bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Community Psycho-behavioral Responses during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A cross sectional study
Authors: Magdy Doaa Mohamed , Metwally Ahmed , Magdy Omar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) is a public health emergency of international concern resulting in adverse psychological impacts during the epidemic.The aim of this study: To examine the public’s knowledge and psychological impact during the outbreak of (2019-nCoV) and the extent to which various precautionary measures have been adopted.Materials & Methods: From 1 to 10 April 2020, we conducted an online survey. The online survey collected information on demographic data, precautionary measures against (2019-nCoV), self-health evaluation, knowledge and concerns about (2019-nCoV) and appraisal of crisis management. Psychological impact was assessed by General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. The designed questionnaire was answered by participants, and the collected data were statistically analyzed.Results: This study included 1200 respondents. In total, 80% of respondents rated the psychological impact; 18% reported minimal anxiety; 34% reported mild anxiety and (48%) with moderate anxiety symptoms. A large proportion (74%) believed that they were very or somewhat likely to contract (2019-nCoV) while only 35% believed they were unlikely to survive if they contracted the disease. (58%) of the respondents, practiced the precautionary measures directed against person to person droplet spread.Respondents with moderate level of anxiety were most likely to take comprehensive precautionary measures against the infection. In addition, older, female, more educated people as well as those who are more likely to contract infection.Conclusions: During the outbreak, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate anxiety. Thus, the psychological needs during the outbreak should be addressed appropriately. Our results highlight the need to promote protective personal health practices to interrupt the transmission of the (2019-nCoV) in the community must take into account. Therefore, educational public programs about preventive measures should be targeted at the identified groups with low current uptake of precautions.
Spatial modeling of the ecological niche of Pinus greggii Engelm (Pinaceae): A species conservation proposal in Mexico
Authors: MARTINEZ ALDO Rafael , Diaz Jose Villanueva , Manzanilla-Quiñones Ulises , Becerra-López Jorge Luis , Hernández-Herrera José Antonio , Estrada-Ávalos Juan , Velázquez-Pérez Adín Helber 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Studies in Mexico have shown that the genus Pine has always been under evolutionary changes, however currently they have accelerated as a result of human activities. Pinus greggii is a species restricted by particular environmental conditions of the Sierra Madre Occidental, which is of socio-economic importance in terms of wood production and provides environmental services to the ecosystem. Species distribution models are a relevant geospatial tool in decision making, and notable applications exist such as identifying areas of distribution and zones susceptible to climate change. The objectives of this study were: 1) model and quantify the current distribution, and possible future distribution under four scenarios of climate change; 2) identify the most relevant environmental variables that drive changes in distribution; and 3) to propose adequate zones for the species’ conservation in Mexico.
Methods

438 records of Pinus greggii from several national and international databases were obtained, and were cleaned up to get rid of duplicates and overestimations in the models. Climatic, edaphic, and topographic variables were used and were generated 100 distribution models for current and future scenarios with Maxent software.
Results

The model one under replicated of crossvalidation had the best statistic, with an area under the curve of 0.88 and 0.93 for model training and validation, respectively, a partial ROC of 1.94, and a significant Z test (p < 0.01). The current estimated area of Pinus greggii in Mexico was 617,706.04 ha and the most important environmental variables for current distribution were the annual mean temperature, mean temperature of coldest quarter, and slope. For the 2041–2060 models, annual mean temperature, precipitation of coldest quarter, and slope were most important. The future models (2041–2060) predict a decrease in suitable habitat for the species from 48,403.85 (7.8%; HadGEM2-ES RCP 8.5 model) to 134,680.17 ha (21.8%; CNRM-CM5 RCP 4.5).
Conclusions

The spatial modeling of current and future conditions of the ecological niche of Pinus greggii in this study allows the proposal of two zones for conservation purpose and in situ restoration for the species in northeastern (Nuevo Leon) and central (Hidalgo) Mexico.
Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of adnexal torsion in pregnant women: 10-year experience
Authors: Wang Yong-xue , Deng Shan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Adnexal torsion during pregnancy is a gynecological emergency. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can cause ovarian necrosis and fetal loss. This study assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of adnexal torsion in pregnant women.
Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary center between January 2008 and January 2018. Eighty-two pregnant women with surgically confirmed adnexal torsion were included. The clinical characteristics, ultrasound data, surgical interventions and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.
Results

The median age of the patients was 28 (range, 18–38) years. The median gestational age was 11 (range, 6–31) weeks: 53 (64.6%) were in the first trimester, 21 (25.6%) were in the second trimester, and 8 (9.8%) were in the third trimester. The most common symptoms and signs were sudden pelvic pain (100%) and adnexal or pelvic masses (97.6%), followed by nausea and vomiting (61%). The Doppler blood flow signal disappeared in 62.5% of the patients. Sixty-three (76.8%) patients underwent laparoscopy, and 29 (24.2%) underwent laparotomy. The median gestational age in patients undergoing laparotomy was higher than that in those undergoing laparoscopy (26 weeks vs 10 weeks, p < 0.001). Fifty-three (64.6%) patients underwent conservative surgery, with 48 detorsions and cystectomies, 2 detorsions and cyst fenestrations, 1 detorsion only and 2 salpingectomies only. Twenty-nine (25.4%) patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. There were no cases of postoperative thrombosis, spontaneous abortion or recurrence. Seven patients underwent simultaneous artificial abortion. One patient experienced intrauterine fetal death, and 74 patients had live births.
Conclusion

Surgical intervention was required as soon as possible. Laparoscopic conservative surgery is safe and may be appropriate to preserve ovarian function. Cystectomy could reduce the risk of recurrence.
Leaf to panicle ratio (LPR): a new physiological trait for rice plant architecture based on deep learning
Authors: Yang Zongfeng , Gao Shang , Xiao Feng , Li Ganghua , Ding Yangfeng , Guo Qinghua , Paul Matthew J. , Liu Zhenghui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Identification and characterization of new traits with a sound physiological foundation for crop breeding and management is one of the primary objectives for crop physiology. New technological advances in high throughput phenotyping have strengthened the power of physiological breeding. Methods for data mining of the big data acquired by various phenotyping platforms are developed, among which deep learning is used in image data analysis to explore spatial and temporal information concerning crop growth and development. However, method development is still necessary to enable simultaneous extraction of both leaf and panicle data from the complex field backgrounds, as required by the breeder for the adoption of physiological strategies to balance source and sink for yield improvement.Results: We applied a deep learning approach to accurately extract leaf and panicle data and subsequently developed the procedure of GvCrop to calculate the leaf to panicle ratio (LPR) of rice populations during grain filling. Images of the training data set were captured in the field experiments, with large variations in camera shooting angle, the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun, rice genotype, and plant phenological stages. Accurately labeled by manually annotating all the panicle and leaf regions, the resulting dataset were used to train FPN-Mask models, consisting of a backbone network and a task-specific sub-network. The model with the highest accuracy is then selected to study the variations in LPR among 192 rice germplasms and among agronomical practices. Despite the challenging field conditions, FPN-Mask models achieved a high detection accuracy, with Pixel Accuracy being 0.99 for panicles and 0.98 for leaves. The calculated LPRs showed large spatial and temporal variations as well as genotypic differences. Conclusion: Deep learning techniques can achieve high accuracy in simultaneously detecting panicle and leaf data from complex rice field images. The proposed FPN-Mask model is applicable to detect and quantify crop performance under field conditions. The proposed trait of LPR should provide a high throughput protocol for breeders to select superior rice cultivars as well as for agronomists to precisely manage field crops that have a good balance of source and sink.
Cannabis- Based Reduction in Opioid-Related Harms: Population-Based Observational Meta-Analysis
Authors: MacMillan Isabella Kathleen , Gorey Kevin M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. Rhetoric abounds about harms associated with easier access to cannabis. Yet, surveys of medical marijuana patients and recreational users in Canada and the USA observed that they prevalently substitute cannabis for alcohol, opioids and other drugs. This synthetic study focused on arguably the most harmful substance, opioids, and hypothesized reduced harms with medical and recreational cannabis legalization. Methods. Broad keyword searches of interdisciplinary research databases, peer-reviewed and gray, between 2010 and 2020 retrieved 11 studies. Their outcomes were synthesized with a sample-weighted meta-analysis that compared opioid-related outcomes before and after marijuana legalization in states that legalized marijuana versus those that had not.Results. All but one of the primary studies supported the marijuana protection or harm reduction hypothesis. In aggregate and controlling for typically eight state-level covariates, risks associated with opioid use diminished by 7% (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.92, 0.94) after legalization; 7% after medical marijuana and 35% after recreational marijuana legalization (p < .05). Opioid prescriptions decreased by 8% and opioid overdose mortality diminished by 25% after medical marijuana legalization. Both were further diminished after recreational marijuana was legalized. Conclusions. Their potential public health significances is clear, suggesting that such legislation profoundly affects the behaviors of physicians, patients and addicts in protective ways. However, all the studies, thus far, have been state-level, ecological analyses. Further multilevel and clinic-based analyses in ought to be accomplished to systematically replicate (or refute) this study’s harm reduction estimates and to put them into clinical practice where indicated.
Short-term Effect of Stock volatility and Cardiovascular Mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lian Hui , Ding Xin , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Xiaoting 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke are leading causes of death. It has several risk factors including stress and pressure. Stock volatility can cause acute stress for stock holders, so it can cause CVD events. Recently the spread of new coronaviruses worldwide has greatly affected economic development, leading to more severe stock market fluctuation, so we systematically quantify the short-term effect of stock volatility and CVD events.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Time-series analysis on effect of stock volatility and cardiovascular events were included. We conducted systematic review and meta-analysis. 4 studies were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: Every 100-point increase in the stock market will bring about 1.01% increases in the cardiovascular mortality (95% CI, -0.18% to 2.21%) The meta-analysis showed no statistical significance for cardiovascular mortality. In terms of stroke event, the estimate effect was 2.999% (95%CI, 0.325% to 5.673%). Different lag patterns also had effects on cardiovascular mortality. Every 100-point increase brought about 4.026% (95%CI, 1.516% to 6.536%) and 4.424% (95%CI, 1.145% to 7.703%) for lag 01 and 04 separately. Conclusions: Our study suggested that stock volatility had lag effect on CVD mortality. It may last for several days. Also, it might increase the incidence of stroke.
Effect of Dietary Modification for Targeting Histamine Activity in Patients of Allergic Rhinitis: a Randomised Open Label Study
Authors: Khan Mohsin Ali , Khan Zaw Ali , Naeem Abdul , Naqvi Nigar , Srivast Shikha , Bhargava Anuja , Gupta Rajeev Krishna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Allergic Rhinitis refers to immunoglobulin E mediated inflammation of the nasal cavity. Mast cell activation releases histamine, the inflammatory mediator that plays a central role in the biochemical mechanism of this disease. It is metabolised by Diamine Oxidase (DAO) and Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT). In this randomised open label study, we recruited 60 patients out of which 30 patients were provided standard treatment and 30 were provided standard treatment along with instructions for dietary modification. The dietary modification consisted of excluding commonly consumed histamine-rich foods and foods containing pro-histamine or anti-DAO active constituents. Each patient was followed up 3 times over the course of 15 days. The patients in the dietary modification group showed significant improvement in rhinitis symptoms within 7 days, while the control group’s improvement was not significant in the same amount of time. The overall improvement between the first and last visits was more significant in the dietary modification group as compared to the control group. Thus, the exclusion of histamine-rich foods and foods containing pro-histamine or anti-DAO compounds may be recommended to patients of allergic rhinitis for quicker and better recovery. This approach may also be explored in other conditions where histamine is implicated such as asthma and infections caused by coronaviruses.
Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Ceci Flavio Maria , Ferraguti Giampiero , Petrella Carla , Greco Antonio , Ralli Massimo , Iannitelli Angela , Carito Valentina , Tirassa Paola , Chaldakov George N. , Messina Marisa Patrizia , Ceccanti Mauro , Fiore Marco 
Published: April 2020

:
The nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs to the family of neurotrophic factors. Initially
discovered as a signaling molecule involved in the survival, protection, differentiation, and proliferation
of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons, it also participates in the regulation of the
immune system and endocrine system. NGF biological activity is due to the binding of two classes
of receptors: the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and the low-affinity NGF pan-neurotrophin
receptor p75. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are one of the most frequent mental disorders in developed
countries, characterized by heavy drinking, despite the negative effects of alcohol on brain
development and cognitive functions that cause individual’s work, medical, legal, educational, and
social life problems. In addition, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts the development
of the fetal brain causing a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal
alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The rationale of this review is to describe crucial findings on
the role of NGF in humans and animals, when exposed to prenatal, chronic alcohol consumption,
and on binge drinking.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Wearable UV Radiation Exposure Monitoring Device in Adults and Children: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Nagelhout Elizabeth Sela , Lensink Riley , Zhu Angela , Parsons Bridget G , Jensen Jakob D , Wu Yelena P 
Published: April 2020

Background
In the United States, melanoma is the fifth most common type of cancer. Reducing UV radiation (UVR) exposure is essential for the prevention of melanoma. The assessment of individual-level UVR exposure using wearable technology is a promising method to monitor and reduce UVR exposure. However, the feasibility and acceptability of using wearable UVR monitoring devices have not been assessed.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using a commercially available UVR monitoring wearable device in adults and children.

Methods
We recruited families (1 parent and 1 child) to test a new, commercially available UVR monitoring device (namely, Shade). Participants wore Shade for 2 weeks and completed questionnaires assessing the feasibility and acceptability of wearing the device. Qualitative analyses were conducted to summarize participants’ open-ended responses regarding device feasibility.

Results
A total of 194 individuals (97 adults and 97 children) participated in this study. The participating children were aged, on average, 12.7 years. Overall, adults and children reported moderate satisfaction with wearing Shade. The feasibility of the use of Shade was adequate, with 73% (65/89) of adults and 61% (54/89) of children reporting that they wore the device “all of the time they were outside.” Through open-ended responses, participants reported that the device was easy to use, was compact, and increased their awareness about their exposure to UVR.

Conclusions
Adults and children can feasibly use a wearable UVR monitoring device, and the use of the device was acceptable to participants. The device could be integrated into melanoma preventive interventions to increase individuals’ and families’ awareness of UVR exposure and to facilitate the use of recommended melanoma preventive strategies.
A Digital Pornography Literacy Resource Co-Designed With Vulnerable Young People: Development of "The Gist"
Authors: Davis Angela C , Wright Cassandra JC , Murphy Stacey , Dietze Paul , Temple-Smith Meredith J , Hellard Margaret E , Lim Megan SC 
Published: April 2020

Background
The impact of viewing pornography at a young age on the sexual health of subgroups of young people is an important public health issue. However, the topic is complex and extremely sensitive, and best practices for research and harm reduction are yet to be defined. Drawing on cross-disciplinary approaches, such as co-design, is one way to achieve a better understanding of the issue among vulnerable young people and to create needs-based and evidence-informed digital resources to promote pornography literacy.

Objective
The objective of this study was to co-design a relevant, usable, and acceptable digital prototype to address the pornography literacy needs of vulnerable young people.

Methods
In total, 17 young people aged between 14 and 23 years who were engaged in youth services programs or alternative education programs were recruited to participate in 4 co-design workshops with a multidisciplinary design team.

Results
Although the participants could identify problems with pornography and critique its messages, they lacked the information to understand alternative healthy attitudes and behaviors. A digital resource that provides detailed and practical information about sex, sexual ethics, and relationships may help vulnerable young people to identify and contrast with any problematic messages they receive from both pornography and society. Embedding this information with pornography literacy messages may be a more effective way of addressing underlying attitudes. Acknowledging information-seeking patterns and leveraging user interaction patterns from commonly used digital platforms among users may enhance engagement with resources. Importantly, digital platforms are perceived among this group as a source of anonymous secondary information but would not be organically accessed among this group without face-to-face conversations as an access point.

Conclusions
This paper highlights the potential for pornography literacy to be embedded within real and practical information about having sex, navigating sexuality, and healthy relationships. The study findings include important recommendations for the conceptualization of digital pornography literacy programs and opportunities for cross-disciplinary co-design research to address complex and emerging health issues.
Сложные вопросы ранней диагностики системной красной волчанки у детей
Authors: Mukvich O.M. , Omelchenko L.I. , Belska O.A. , Dudka I.V. , Ludvik T.A. , Matskevich A.M. 
Published: April 2020

Приведены данные о современных клинических проявлениях системной красной волчанки (СКВ) у детей и подростков с описанием полиморфизма отдельных симптомов поражения кожи, костно-мышечной системы и внутренних органов, представляющих трудности в ранней диагностике заболевания. Освещены вопросы классификационного анализа СКВ, акцентировано внимание на том, что классификационные критерии не всегда достаточны для ранней диагностики заболевания в детском возрасте, что в отдельных случаях приводит к «выпадению» больных с полностью сформированными синдромами и/или нетипичными формами заболевания. Диагностические критерии СКВ SLICC (2012) достаточно информативны, однако не нашли широкого внедрения в клинической практике детской ревматологии. Приведены классификационные критерии ACR/EULAR (2017). Представлены результаты динамического мониторинга 22 пациентов, которые в течение последних 10 лет лечились в детской клинике института. Показано, что у 28 % больных диагноз был верифицирован только при повторной госпитализации, у 10 % — почти через 6 лет после дебюта болезни. Приведено описание клинических случаев СКВ: у пациента с первично-хроническим течением (поражением кожи и костно-мышечной систем) и ребенка с подострым тяжелым течением болезни с поражением почек. Обсуждаются вопросы их диагностики в дебюте заболевания при применении классификационных критериев СКВ, предложенных ACR/EULAR (2017). Применение современных клинических и иммунологических критериев диагностики СКВ в большинстве случаев позволяет установить диагноз в ранние сроки заболевания и своевременно начать патогенетическую терапию.