bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grid-type transparent conductive thin films of carbon nanotubes as capacitive touch sensors
Authors: Valasma Ronja , Bozo Eva , Pitkänen Olli , Järvinen Topias , Dombovari Aron , Mohl Melinda , Lorite Gabriela Simone , Kiss Janos , Konya Zoltan , Kordas Krisztian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Transparent conductive films are used in a wide variety of devices. While solar cell top electrodes as well as tablet and mobile phone screens require high optical transparency and low sheet resistance (>80% and <10 Ω/□) to maximize power efficiency; other, less demanding applications, such as those in capacitive touch panels and antistatic coatings, in which only small currents are involved, can be managed with coatings of moderate conductivity. In this paper, we show that area-selective argon plasma treated polyethylene terephthalate surfaces are suitable for localized deposition of carbon nanotubes from their aqueous dispersions by a simple dip coating and subsequent drying processes. The as-deposited carbon nanotubes form entangled networks in microscopic patterns over the plasma-treated surface areas with sheet resistance of <1 kΩ/□ and optical transparency of ~75%. Based on this process, we demonstrate grid-type transparent conductive thin films of carbon nanotubes as capacitive touch sensors. Since each process step is robust, easy to up and downscale, and may be implemented even in roll-to-roll and sheet-to-sheet fabrication, the demonstrated technology is promising to produce grid-type structures even at an industrial scale in the future.
Self-ordering and cavity cooling using a train of ultrashort pulses
Authors: Torggler Valentin , Krešić Ivor , Ban Ticijana , Ritsch Helmut 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A dilute atomic gas in an optical resonator exhibits a phase transition from a homogeneous density to crystalline order when laser illuminated orthogonal to the resonator axis. We study this well-known self-organization phenomenon for a generalized pumping scheme using a femtosecond pulse train with a frequency spectrum spanning a large bandwidth covering many cavity modes. We show that due to simultaneous scattering into adjacent longitudinal cavity modes the induced light forces and the atomic dynamics becomes nearly translation-invariant along the cavity axis. In addition the laser bandwidth introduces a new correlation length scale within which clustering of the atoms is energetically favorable. Numerical simulations allow us to determine the self-consistent ordering threshold power as function of bandwidth and atomic cloud size. We find strong evidence for a change from a second order to a first order self-ordering phase transition with growing laser bandwidth when the size of the atomic cloud gets bigger than the clustering length. An analysis of the cavity output reveals a corresponding transition from a single to a double pulse traveling within the cavity. This doubles the output pulse repetition rate and creates extra substructures in close analogy to a time crystal formation in the cavity output. Simulations also show that multi-mode operation significantly improves cavity cooling generating lower kinetic temperatures at a much faster cooling rate.
Thermal ions heat transport induced by reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Shi P.W. , Qiu Z.Y. , Chen W. , Wang Z.X. , Shi Z.B. , Yu L.M. , Yang Z.C. , Zhong W.L. , Jiang M. , Ji X.Q. , Yang Q.W. , Xu M. , Duan X.R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Experimental investigations of thermal ions heat transport induced by reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) have been carried out on the HL-2A tokamak. It is found that the RSAEs are driven unstable by passing particles during the second half of sawtooth periods, and can not only degrade the bremsstrahlung radiations, but also cause obvious reduction of the ion temperature in the core plasma. Interestingly, the RSAEs excited by energetic ions can resonant with the thermal ions, and then lead to a heat transport process. Statistical results suggest there is a quadratic dependence between thermal ion heat flux perturbation and mode amplitude, which indicates a diffusive mechanism of plasma transport and is well explained by the theoretical interpretations derived from quasi-linear transport theory.
Effectiveness and safety of mandatory antimicrobial indications and durations and a pharmacist-driven 48-hour time-out in a pediatric hospital
Authors: Wirtz Ann L , Burns Alaina N , Lee Brian R , Frank Tammy S , Fitzmaurice Laura , Ogden Richard K , O’Neal Brian C , Goldman Jennifer L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mandatory antimicrobial indications and durations (MAID) and a pharmacist-driven 48-hour time-out in a pediatric hospital.

Methods
MAID and a 48-hour time-out were implemented on February 14, 2017. Antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days were compared between the pre- and postperiod for select antibiotics using unadjusted Poisson models. A prepost comparison was used to compare antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) intervention rates between time periods. A 2-step process, including distribution of a discontinuation (DC) report to pharmacists and ASP-prompted reorders, was instituted to reduce unintentional antimicrobial discontinuation with MAID. ASP-prompted reorders occurred only when a discrepancy persisted between the order and provider-desired duration. Missed antimicrobial doses were identified by ASP and the institutional event reporting system. Safety of MAID was assessed by reviewing the rate and details of ASP-prompted reorders and missed antimicrobial doses.

Results
A significant decrease in DOT per 1,000 patient days was observed for cefazolin (39.7 to 36.9; P &lt; 0.001), ampicillin (39.9 to 35.7; P &lt; 0.001), clindamycin (38.2 to 35.9; P &lt; 0.001), ceftriaxone (46.5 to 43.4; P &lt; 0.001), and meropenem (8.7 to 6.6; P &lt; 0.001) following implementation. No change in ASP intervention rate occurred between the pre- and postperiod (16.9 vs 16.8%; P = 0.94). With MAID, ASP-prompted reorder occurred on 7.3% of orders. Unintentional discontinuations resulting in missed antimicrobial doses occurred in 3 orders (0.07%); no patient harm resulted.

Conclusion
MAID and a 48-hour time-out significantly reduced DOT of select antibiotics. No patient harm occurred with the 2-step safety process.
Insights into phylogeny, age and evolution of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) based on the whole plastome sequences
Authors: Xie Deng-Feng , Tan Jin-Bo , Yu Yan , Gui Lin-Jian , Su Dan-Mei , Zhou Song-Dong , He Xing-Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe genus Allium L., one of the largest monocotyledonous genera and one that includes many economically important crops with nutritional and medicinal value, has been the focus of classification or phylogeny studies for centuries. Recent studies suggested that the genus can be divided into 15 subgenera and 72 sections, which were further classified into three evolutionary lineages. However, the phylogenetic relationships reconstructed by one or two loci showed weaker support, especially for the third evolutionary lineage, which might not show the species relationships very clearly and could hinder further adaptive and evolutionary study.MethodsIn this study, a total of 39 complete chloroplast genomes of Allium (covering 12 Allium subgenera) were collected, and combining these with 125 species of plastomes from 19 other families of monocots, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus Allium, estimated the origin and divergence time of the three evolutionary lineages and investigated the adaptive evolution in this genus and related families.ResultsOur phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly and three evolutionary lineages of Allium, while new species relationships were detected within the third evolutionary lineage. The divergence time of the three evolutionary lineages was estimated to be in the early Eocene to the middle Miocene, and numerous positive selected genes (PSGs) and PSGs with high average Ka/Ks values were found in Allium species.ConclusionsOur results detected a well-supported phylogenetic relationship of Allium. The PSGs and PSGs with high Ka/Ks values, as well as diversified morphologies, complicated chromosome characteristics and unique reproductive modes may play important roles in the adaptation and evolution of Allium species. This is the first study that conducted phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses on the genus Allium combined with the plastome and morphological and cytological data. We hope that this study can contribute to further analysis of Allium for other researchers.
The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Health Locus of Control on Performance Validity Testing
Authors: Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Lippa Sara M , Grills Chad E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recent research has examined potential influences to performance validity testing beyond intentional feigning. The current study sought to examine the hypothesized relationships of two psychological constructs (self-efficacy and health locus of control) with performance validity testing (PVT).

Method
Retrospective review of 158 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cases referred to an Army outpatient clinic for neuropsychological evaluation. The mTBI cases were classified according to passing or failing the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) or Non-Verbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT). Group comparisons were performed utilizing one-way ANOVA to evaluate the differences between the PVT-Pass and PVT-Fail groups on self-efficacy (MMPI-2-RF Inefficacy scale) and locus of control (Multi-Dimensional Health Locus of Control).

Results
There was no relationship between self-efficacy or health locus of control and passing/failing PVTs.

Conclusions
Further research is warranted to explore potential influences on PVT performance, which we conceptualize as analogous to experimental nuisance variables that may be amenable to intervention.
Phylogenetics and population structure of the steppe speciesHycleus polymorphus(Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini) reveal multiple refugia in Mediterranean mountain ranges
Authors: Riccieri Alessandra , Mancini Emiliano , Iannella Mattia , Salvi Daniele , Bologna Marco A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany continental species distributed in the Eurasian steppe occur as relict populations in the mountains of Western Europe. Their biogeographical responses to Quaternary climate changes have been poorly studied; however, they could have responded as cold-adapted species. We investigated the biogeographic history of a steppe beetle, Hycleus polymorphus, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (COI, CAD, ITS2), and species distribution modelling (SDM) under present and past bioclimatic envelopes. We first performed a phylogenetic assessment to define species boundaries within the H. polymorphus species group. Specimens previously treated as Hycleus humerosus on morphological grounds are assigned to H. polymorphus, and those identified as Hycleus zebraeus assigned to Hycleus atratus. ITS2 data analyses revealed a strong phylogeographical structure of H. polymorphus populations, with four haplogroups corresponding to the (i) Italian Alps, (ii) French Alps and Pyrenees, (iii) South Balkan and Pontic mountains, and (iv) North Dinaric Alps. Based on these analyses and the SDM, we propose that during a glacial period, following the spread of steppic habitat, H. polymorphus underwent a range expansion from Asia to South-West Europe. Within the Mediterranean area, during the last interglacial the climatic suitability for the species was limited to mountains that acted as refugia and prompted allopatric divergence into four main lineages.
Occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism in Colombian orchids determined by leaf carbon isotope ratios
Authors: Torres-Morales Germán , Lasso Eloisa , Silvera Katia , Turner Benjamin L , Winter Klaus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany Orchidaceae, especially those occupying periodically dry, epiphytic microhabitats in the humid tropics, are believed to engage in the water-conserving crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway. However, the photosynthetic pathway has been studied in only c. 5% of all orchid species. Here we extend the survey to 1079 orchid species, mainly from Colombia, by assessing the presence of CAM based on the carbon isotopic signature (δ 13C values) of herbarium specimens. Ninety-six species, representing 8.9% of those analysed, had δ 13C values less negative than −20‰, indicating CAM. Epiphytism was the predominant life form (75.2% of species sampled), and 9.4% of these epiphytes showed a CAM-type isotopic signature. Isotope values suggested CAM in 19 terrestrial orchid species, 14 species from high elevation (2000–3400 m) and species from six genera that were previously unknown to engage in CAM (Jacquiniella, Meiracyllium, Pabstiella, Psychopsis, Pterostemma and Solenidium). We conclude that CAM is the major pathway of carbon acquisition in a small but broadly distributed fraction of tropical orchids and is more prevalent at lower elevations.
Early Insights From Clinical Trials of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Neuzil Kathleen M , Basnyat Buddha , Clemens John D , Gordon Melita A , Patel Priyanka D , Pollard Andrew J , Shakya Mila , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Clinical trials of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) are ongoing in 4 countries. Early data confirm safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of typhoid conjugate vaccine, and early efficacy results are promising. These data support World Health Organization recommendations and planned country introductions. Forthcoming trial data will continue to inform programmatic use of typhoid conjugate vaccine.
SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Detectable in the Vaginal Fluid of Women With Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Qiu Lin , Liu Xia , Xiao Meng , Xie Jing , Cao Wei , Liu Zhengyin , Morse Abraham , Xie Yuhua , Li Taisheng , Zhu Lan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spread mainly through respiratory droplets or direct contact. However, the infection condition of the genital system is unknown. Our aim in this study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is present in the vaginal fluid of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Ten women with confirmed severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Tongji Zhongfa Hospital intensive care unit from 4 February 2020 through 24 February 2020 were included. Clinical records, laboratory results, and computed tomography examinations were retrospectively reviewed. The potential for genital infection was accessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluids obtained from vaginal swab samples. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaginal fluids.

Results
The clinical characteristics of the 10 women were similar to those reported in other severe COVID-19 patients. All 10 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, and all samples tested negative for the virus.

Conclusions
Findings from this small group of cases suggest that SARS-CoV-2 virus does not exist in the vaginal fluids of severe COVID-19 patients.
Zinc ameliorates human aortic valve calcification through GPR39 mediated ERK1/2 signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Ziying , Gordillo-Martinez Flora , Jiang Lei , He Pengcheng , Hong Wanzi , Wei Xuebiao , Staines Katherine A , Macrae Vicky E , Zhang Chunxiang , Yu Danqing , Fu Xiaodong , Zhu Dongxing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease in the Western world. It has been reported that zinc is accumulated in calcified human aortic valves. However, whether zinc directly regulates CAVD is yet to be elucidated. The present study sought to determine the potential role of zinc in the pathogenesis of CAVD.

Methods and results
Using a combination of a human valve interstitial cell (hVIC) calcification model, human aortic valve tissues, and blood samples, we report that 20 μM zinc supplementation attenuates hVIC in vitro calcification, and that this is mediated through inhibition of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation via the zinc-sensing receptor GPR39-dependent ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we report that GPR39 protein expression is dramatically reduced in calcified human aortic valves, and there is a significant reduction in zinc serum levels in patients with CAVD. Moreover, we reveal that 20 μM zinc treatment prevents the reduction of GPR39 observed in calcified hVICs. We also show that the zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are significantly increased in hVICs in response to zinc treatment. Knockdown of ZIP13 or ZIP14 significantly inhibited hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions
Together, these findings suggest that zinc is a novel inhibitor of CAVD, and report that zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are important regulators of hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation. Zinc supplementation may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for CAVD.
The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Chen Li , Hao Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections.
Measuring the Indirect Effects of Adverse Employer Behaviour on Worker Productivity: a field Experiment
Authors: Heinz Matthias , Jeworrek Sabrina , Mertins Vanessa , Schumacher Heiner , Sutter Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe conduct a field experiment to study how worker productivity is affected if employers act adversely towards their co-workers. Our employees work for two shifts in a call centre. In our main treatment, we lay off some workers before the second shift. Compared to two control treatments, we find that the lay-off reduces the productivity of unaffected workers by 12%. We find suggestive evidence that this result is not driven by altered beliefs about the job or the management’s competence, but caused by the workers’ perception of unfair employer behaviour. The latter interpretation is confirmed in a prediction experiment with professional HR managers. Our results suggest that the price for adverse employer behaviour goes well beyond the potential tit for tat of directly affected workers.
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic carinal resections: technical aspects and outcomes
Authors: Sekhniaidze Dmitrii , Gonzalez-Rivas Diego , Kononets Pavel , Garcia Alejandro , Shneider Vladimir , Agasiev Malik , Ganzhara Ivan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Important benefits in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer have recently been achieved. However, the use of this technique for complex sleeve procedures is limited. We describe the technical aspects of and patient outcomes following carinal resections using uniportal VATS.

METHODS
Since 2015, 16 sleeve carinal resections, including 11 right pneumonectomies, 4 right upper lobectomies and 1 lung-sparing carinal resection, have been performed at the Regional Clinic Hospital, Tyumen, Russia.

RESULTS
The mean surgical time was 215.9 ± 67.2 min (range 125–340 min). The mean blood loss volume was 256.3 ± 284.5 ml (range 50–1200 ml). There was 1 case of conversion to thoracotomy. The morbidity rate was 25%, and the mortality rate was 0%. The median overall survival was 38.6 ± 3.5 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of uniportal VATS for carinal resections in certain patients allows for radical resections with low rates of morbidity and mortality.
Spontaneous ventilation video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with excess body weight
Authors: Wu Donghong , Liang Hengrui , Liang Wenhua , Liu Hui , Wang Chuqiao , Wen Yaokai , Jiang Yu , Su Zixuan , Peng Haoxin , Wang Runchen , Chen Yingying , Jiang Long , Zhao Yi , Wang Wei , Liu Jun , He Jianxing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe feasibility and safety of spontaneous ventilation (SV) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with excess body weight [defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2] remain unclear.METHODSPatients with NSCLC with excess body weight who underwent SV-VATS or mechanical ventilation (MV) VATS (MV-VATS) between April 2012 and July 2018 were analysed retrospectively. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the distribution of demographic characteristics. The short-term outcomes between the SV-VATS group and MV-VATS group were compared.RESULTSFrom April 2012 to July 2018, a total of 703 patients with excess body weight were included, 68 of whom underwent SV-VATS and 635 of whom underwent MV-VATS. After propensity score matching, the distribution of demographic characteristics was well balanced. BMIs (26.65 ± 1.74 vs 27.18 ± 2.36 kg/m2; P = 0.29) were similar between the groups. Patients who underwent SV-VATS had similar anaesthesia times (213 ± 57 vs 233 ± 67 min; P = 0.16) and similar operative times (122 ± 44 vs 142 ± 56 min; P = 0.086). The intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative chest tube duration, volume of pleural drainage, number of dissected N1 and N2 station lymph nodes, length of hospitalization and incidence of complications were comparable between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSPrimary lung cancer resection is feasible and not associated with safety issues under SV-VATS in selected patients with NSCLC with excess body weight.