bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial qualities of rabbit meat fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Fadlilah A , Rosyidi D , Susilo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rabbit meat had been known as the high protein content of meat. Protein was derived from peptides that it was a bioactive component and potential for human health. The bioactive component of meat could be obtained by proteolysis. Fermentation was one of the methods for meat proteolysis. Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum is one of the microorganisms for meat fermentation. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding L. plantarum and fermentation time of rabbit meat on Total Plate Count (TPC), Acid Lactic Bacteria (LAB) total, Titratable acidity and pH. The method was an experimental using factorial randomized block design. The first factor was concentration of L. plantarum (0%, 6%, 8% and 10%) and the second factor was fermentation time of meat (12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours). The results showed that L. plantarum concentration had no effect on LAB total and TPC, while fermentation time had a significant effect (P<0.01) on TPC and on LAB total (P <0.05). L. plantarum concentration and fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0.01) on titratable acidity, and on pH (P<0.05). As conclusion, the best rabbit meat fermented with L. plantarum concentration was 10% and the fermentation time was 18 hours.
A review of Encapsulated liquid smoke
Authors: Andy  , Abustam E , Malaka R , Purwanti S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Liquid smoke is the condensation result of wood pyrolysis. It contains lots of compounds formed by constituent pyrolysis process such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin can be used to produce organic acids, phenols, carbonyl that become the compound of natural antibiotics, antioxidants, antibiotic, disinfectants, or as biopesticides and food preservation. Those compounds have different proportions such as type, wood moisture and pyrolysis temperature. Liquid smoke from wood can be used as natural antibiotics contains compounds that can be extracted such as phenol derivatives, which can inhibit microbes’ growth. There are many studies about raw materials of liquid smoke such as: rice husk, coconut shell, Meranti sawdust, corncob and cinnamon. Based on literature study, Liquid smoke from coconut shell has percentage phenol 2.24%, total acid 15.7% highest than other material. Followed by the lowest pH 1.41. It can be concluded liquid smoke from coconut shell can be used natural antibiotics in animals. Coconut shell liquid smoke as a natural antibiotic has limitation in distribution and susceptible to physical and chemical changes during storage. Therefore, it was necessary to developed encapsulation of coconut shell liquid smoke. The functional properties of liquid smoke microcapsules can be maintained by using chitosan and maltodextrin as encapsulant. The aims of this review are to understand coconut shell as the best raw material of liquid smoke, after being encapsulated that can be used as natural antibiotics in animals. Based on literature study, coconut shell liquid smoke encapsulated using maltodextrin-chitosan has pH (2.70 ± 0.08), total acid (2.70 ± 0.08%) and total phenol (4.40 ± 0.05%). The paper stresses the need for more studies on using of liquid smoke encapsulated of coconut shell as natural antibiotics in animals.
The activities of the integration of oil palm and cattle (ISAPI) by group of farmer and its development strategy in Lamandau district, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Utomo B N , Widjaja E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The sustainable cattle farming approach is integrated with plants and the most potential is the oil palm plantation industry, because the potential of feed resources is cheap and abundant available. The research activities carried out in the Farmer Group in Lamandau district after 3 years of introduction of oil palm-cattle integration (ISaPi) through the introduction of technology for making organic fertilizer and complete feed based on the oil palm plantation industry. The information was obtained from primary data through interviews with farmer groups and key informants from the Agriculture Service and PBS of Oil palm during the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and secondary data was obtained from study desks. Field survey was also conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively and SWOT. Lamandau Regency is ideal for developing ISaPi activities, because of the potential feed resources from the oil palm plantation industry, in the form of oil palm fronds, solid palm oil and palm kernel meal (BIS). Oil palm plantations in Lamandau District with an area of 175,480.46 ha if only 25% of ISaPi activities have the potential to develop livestock around 73,977 animals throughout the year, due to the supply of solid palm oil from 1 PKS, forage in the oil palm area and oil palm fronds. There are 10 farmer of groups and One individual that consistently applies ISaPi activities with various models of application adjusted to the availability of human resources, access to palm oil mills (PKS) and capital from each farmer group. The difference in the application of ISaPi is in the formulation of animal feed (solid palm only or complete feed) and the allotment of organic fertilizer that was produces. Increased productivity and income from the farming is a major factor in ISaPi’s activities keep it running. The strategy for developing of ISaPi activities in Lamandau District by taking into account existing of internal and external factors is to maximize the utilization of the potential of existing resources to increase farm productivity (palm, livestock and horticulture) and diversify farm income by applying technology that is already available and controlled by groups of farmer. With the application of technology, it will be able to increase the added value of products which it was produced. The limiting factors such as access to PKS, product marketing and capital were need support and commitment from related parties, especially the local government and this has been initiated by the local government.
Exploring SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) of Myostatin gene in coding region in Bali cattle
Authors: Aliyya W L N , Noor R R , Jakaria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The gene MSTN is a member of the superfamily growth gene transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) that functions to suppress muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the polymorphisms of MSTN genes in the coding region (exon 1, 2, and 3) in Bali cattle kept at the Breeding Center for Bali cattle (BPTU-HPT) in Denpasar. The number of samples used was 52 heads male of Bali cattle aged 2-3 years. SNP identification was done by amplifying the coding region, exon 1, exon 2 and exon 3 MSTN genes using direct sequencing method. Analysis of MSTN gene sequences in Bali cattle was carried out by using the BioEdit and MEGA7 programs. The present study found a total of 18 SNP mutations namely point mutation that are 4 SNP (g.313 C>A, g.324 T>A, g.330 T>G, g.400 G>A) in exon 1, 1 SNP (g.2609 G>A) in exon 2, and 13 SNP (g.4821 C>A, g.4838 C>T, g.4842 A>C, g.4849 T>C, g.4868 C>A, g.4873 C>G, g.4900 T>G, 4905 C>G, g.4957 C>G, g.4959 C>A, g.4969 T>A, g.4974 T>C, g.5044 C>A) in exon 3. SNPs found in the MSTN gene in Bali cattle might be used as candidates for Marker Assisted Selection, especially in Bali cattle.
Cleavage ability of in vitro embryos of bali cattle based on different reproductive status of ovary at 48 hours after fertilization process
Authors: Hasbi H , Sonjaya H , Gustina S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the ability of in vitro embryo cleavage of Bali cattle 48 hours after the fertilization process based on different ovarian reproductive status. Ovaries from abattoirs are grouped into four categories: ovaries without corpus luteum and dominant follicles (-CL and -FD), without corpus luteum and with dominant follicles (-CL and + FD), with corpus luteum and without dominant follicle (+ CL and -FD), and with corpus luteum and dominant follicles (+ CL and + FD). After that, oocytes are collected by slicing and only oocytes with a cytoplasmic are homongent and have compact cumulus cells used in the study. The selected oocytes are then matured in an incubator of 5% CO2, a temperature of 38.5 °C for 24 hours. After maturation, in vitro fertilization was carried out using fertilization media with a final concentration of spermatozoa 1.5 x 106 spermatozoa/ml. Oocytes 5-6 after fertilization were washed 3 times using CR1aa media then cultured in 5% CO2 incubator, temperature 38.5 °C for 48 hours. After 48 hours the culture was evaluated for the ability of embryo cleavage. The results showed that the number of embryos capable of cleave to stage 2 cells were not significantly different (P>0.05) in all treatments (1.64 ± 0.38% vs 8.00 ± 0.90% vs. 4.85 ± 0.96% vs. 8.22 ± 1.86%), while the number of embryos capable of cleave reached stage 4 cells (11.48 ± 0.82% vs 24.00 ± 2.64% vs. 24.27 ± 2.23% vs. 10.96 ± 0.69%), 8 cells (11.48 ± 1.15% vs 8.00 ± 1.07% vs. 26.21 ± 2.79 % vs 15.07 ± 1.40%), 16 cells (0.00 ± 0.00% vs 1.33 ± 0.38% vs. 4.85 ± 0.76% vs. 1.37 ± 0.38%), and the ability of embryos cleavage (24.59 ± 11.60% vs 41.33 ± 24.32% vs. 60.19 ± 22.45 % vs. 35.62 ± 10.83%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the ovaries with corpus luteum and without dominant follicles (+ CL and – FD). Conclusion, the ability of embryo division to reach 4 cells, 8 cells, and 16 cells after 48 hours culture was higher in the ovaries with corpus luteum and without dominant follicles (+ CL and – FD).
Conception rate of Bali cows inseminated with semen of the bull supplemented with Moringa Oleifera Leaf (MOL) powder block
Authors: Hasrin  , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Hasbi H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lower conception rate of cows in the tropics might be affected by low quality of semen collected from bulls consumed low quality food. This study was conducted to evaluate the conception rate of Bali cows inseminated with semen of the bulls supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) powder blocks. There were 26 Bali cows 3-4 years of age, non-pregnant and having corpus luteum, used in this study. All animals were injected with 2 ml of PGF2α (juramate) to induce and to synchronize the estrous. They were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (G1, n=16) were inseminated with semen of bulls supplemented with MOL powder blocks. Group 2 (G0, n=10) were inseminated with commercially available semen. All cows were artificially inseminated 48 hours after the PGF injection. Pregnancy diagnosis were perfomed by rectal palpation 60 days after the insemination. The mean diffents between the two treatments were analyzed by chi-squared analysis. All animals in the two treatments came in oestrus after the PGF injection. Thirteen (13) out of 16 cows (81%) and 7 out of 10 cows (70%) detected in pregnant, respectively for G1 and G0. Although statistical analysis showed that there was not different between the two treatments (P>0.05), but economically, the treatment of G1 could increase 11 % of conception rate. It can be concluded that the supplementation of MOL powder block could increase the conception rate of Bali cows.
Efforts to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy heifers experiencing delayed puberty using heatsynch protocol
Authors: Fausiah A , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Ramadhanty D , Mansur M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out the application of Heatsynch protocol in overcome the delayed puberty of dairy heifers that suffered from infertility. This study was conducted at small dairy farms in Sub-district of Cendana, Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a total of 50 dairy heifers were used to determine the percentage of heifers that experienced delay in puberty. In the second stage, 20 dairy heifers with delayed puberty were divided into two groups. The first group, 10 dairy heifers were treated with Heatsynch and the other 10 dairy heifers were used as negative control (without Heatsynch). For control positive, 10 dairy heifers that did not suffered from delayed puberty were used. In Heatsynch treated dairy heifers, GnRH were injected on day-0, followed by PGF2α, estradiol injections on day-7 and day-8, respectively, and inseminated artificially on day-9. The results of this study showed that the percentage of dairy heifers that experienced in delayed puberty was 44%. The mean age at first pregnant after treated with Heatsynch was 545 days, shorter than those heifers in control negative (644 days). The percentage of dairy heifers become pregnant after treating with Heatsynch was 80%, higher than those untreated delayed puberty heifers (50%). It can be concluded that the incidence of delayed puberty in dairy heifers was still high. Heatsynch protocol can be one way that can be used to overcome the problem of delayed puberty in dairy heifers and to improve reproductive efficiency.
The effectiveness of Heatsynch protocol in dairy cows with abnormalities of reproductive organ
Authors: Mansur M , Yusuf M , Toleng Latief A , Rahardja D P , Sahiruddin  , Ramadhanty D , Fausiah A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs, and to determine the effectiveness of Heatsynchprotocol in dairy cows that suffered from abnormalities of reproductive organs. This study was conducted in smallholder dairy farms in Panette, Cendana Sub-district, Enrekang Regency and the study was conducted in two stages. The first stage; a total of 77 dairy cows were used to determine the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities. The second stage; a total of 20 dairy cows that suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities were divided into two groups. The first 10 dairy cows were treated with Heatsynch, and the other 10 dairy cows were used as a negative control (without Heatsynch treatment). For positive control, 10 dairy cows that did not suffered from abnormalities of reproduction organs were used. The results of this study showed that the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities was 36.4% and the highest of abnormalities was uterine disorders at 26%. The percentage of cows suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities that became pregnant after treated with Heatsynch was 60%, while none cows become pregnant without treatment. The average interval from calving to pregnancy in Heatsynch group was 512 days, and in control negative cows, none become pregnant up to 557 days after calving. It can be concluded that the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs in dairy cattle was still high. The Heatsynchprotocol can improve the abnormalities of the reproductive organs in the dairy cows and improve reproductive efficiency by increase the pregnancy rate and shortening calving interval.
The optimum time of artificial insemination in Simmental cross cow
Authors: Firmiaty S , Idrus M , Amir M , Toleng A L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) conducted not at the optimum time might cause the low conception rate in beef cattle kept under extensive and semi extensive conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the optimum time of artificial insemination which shows a high conception rate in Simmental cross cows kept under semi extensive condition. There were 75 Simmental cross cows kept under semi extensive by farmers at Bone District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. They were divided into 3 groups of 25 cows. Group 1 (G1) were inseminated 12 h after the onset of estrus, Group 2 (G2) were inseminated 24 h after the onset of estrus and Group 3 (G3) were inseminated 36 h after the onset of estrus. All cows inseminated using Simmental bulls frozen semen by 1 professional inseminator. The cows returned to estrus after the first AI was served for the second AI. The variables observed were conception rate (CR) and service per conception (S/C). The significant difference between the group was analyzed by chi-square analysis. Conception rate in G1 was significantly (P<0.05) lower (56%) compared to those in G2 (80%) and G3 (80%), respectively. A similar response was detected for S/C. Service per conception in the G1 group was significantly (P<0.05) higher (1.92) compared to those in G2 (1.28) and G3 (1.32), respectively. It can be concluded that optimum time for artificial insemination in Simmental cross breed cows was 24 h after the onset of estrus.
Isolation and characterization of collagen from local goat bone using pepsin hydrolysis
Authors: Rifqi  , Jamhari  , Erwanto Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Goat bone is one of by-product which has not commonly used in Indonesia. Collagen is one of proteins which contained a bone which characterizing its uniq function. The purpose of experiment was to isolate and characterize collagen from local goat bone with pepsin enzymatic hydrolysis in various concentration. The experiment consisted of bone preparation, Isolating by leaching method, and the hydrolysis of collagen bone using pepsin enzyme in various concentration (0.1; 0.3; 0.5; and 1%). Variables observed were collagen yield, soluble protein, pH, Fourier Tansform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, thermal stability using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and molecular weight using Sodium Dodesyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that soluble protein concentration of collagen solution was not affected by pepsin concentrations. The soluble protein of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1 % of enzym were 0.203±0,013; 0.244±0,045; 0.295±0,065; and 0.257±0,066 mg/ml for, respectively. The results of collagen yield was significant, and it were 7.12; 7.54; 13.3; dan 8.81 %. The results of pH showed significant, it was 6.37; 5.96; 6.88; 5.92. The FTIR spectra showed that all of the sample has not changed into gelatin. The thermal stability in DSC analysis showed that the collagen start to gelation at 56.72 to 57.40 °C and Tmax for each sample were 128.20; 189.32; 131.35; 124.43 °C, respectively. In conclusion, collagen could be isolated from goat bone using enzymatic treatment and showed the fine properties as well as collagen from skin.
Role and function of gelatin in the development of the food and non-food industry: A review
Authors: Said M I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gelatin is a product of the partial hydrolysis of collagen in livestock. Gelatin has been used extensively in the food and non-food industries. Gelatin has a hydrocolloid form and plays an important role in influencing the properties of industrial products. Global gelatin demands is increasing every year along with the increasing human need for food and non-food industrial products. The properties of gelatin are influenced by the properties of collagen. Collagen is a derivative of fibrous protein which has an enormous role and benefit in forming gelatin molecules. Collagen is a long polypeptide chain that makes up about 50 to 1000 amino acid chains. The amino acid chain is dominated by the amino acids glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. Various studies related to the properties of gelatin produced from livestock and fish tissues have developed rapidly. Currently researchers have developed livestock and fish waste as an alternative source of gelatin. Alternative sources of gelatin have been widely published as an effort to find halal and hygienic sources of gelatin.
Potential development of poultry feather waste resources as raw material in industry: A review
Authors: Said M I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Feather waste is a type of livestock by-product which is quite abundant. Feather waste production is influenced by the amount of poultry slaughter. In Indonesia, the poultry population occupies the highest number compared to other livestock populations. The large amount of feather waste production will also trigger livestock waste production. Various attempts have been made by researchers and industry to process and utilize this waste. Increasing the added value of feather waste is expected to be able to contribute to reducing the rate of waste production. Feather waste has been widely used in the poultry industry as animal feeds ingredients. In addition, Feather waste has also been used as a medium in sports activities and furniture raw materials through the production of home industries. Currently, the development of research by scientists related to alternatives to the use of feather waste has been growing rapidly. Various challenges to reduce the production of feather waste have been carried out to create environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this review was aims to evaluate the development of the latest research technology related to the potential and use of poultry feather waste as raw material in the industrial field.
Population dynamic of red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus) at Alor waters East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pakro A , Mallawa A , Sudirman  , Amir F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the population dynamics of red snapper in Alor waters, conducted from March 2018 to March 2019. Fish total length data is collected from red snapper fishermen twice a week using a stratified random method. Size structure, cohort numbers and average length of fish per cohort using Bhattacharya method, asymptotic length and growth rate using Ford and Walford methods, total mortality, capture and natural using linearized length converted catch curve using Pauly methods, exploitation rate and Y/R by Beverton and Holt methods. The results show that red snapper measuring 180-555 mm, male 220 - 555 mm, females 180 - 330 mm, consisting of four cohort, L∞ 594.25 mm, K 0.69 per year, F, M, and E are 0.84, 0.63 and 0.56 per year respectively, the actual Y/R and Y/R are optimal at 0.0773 and 0.0989 grams per recruitment. The conclusion that catches are dominated by young and pre-adult fish, population consists of four cohort, fish in the population quickly reach L∞, the ratio of F and M rate are greater than one (F/M> 1), high F rates cause high rate of E and impact on the recruitment process that is not optimal.
Characteristics of immunocompetence in Indonesian chickens
Authors: Al-Habib M F , Sumantri C , Murtini S , Gunawan A , Sartika T , Ulupi N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The concentration of IgY in the body is often associated with resistance to bacterial infections, whereas ND specific antibody titters are indicated as resistance to viral infections. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of IgY and ND titters in newly released chickens, and to compare them with native chickens spread in the community. This research used 286 IPB-D1 chickens, Jatiwangi Sentul chickens, and Sensi-1 chicken. IgY concentration were analyzed using the ELISA method, and ND titters were analyzed using the HI test. The results of the study showed high IgY concentrations were found in IPB-D1 chickens (10.10) and Sensi-1 chickens (10.63), while moderate IgY concentrations were found in jatiwangi sentul chickens (8.63). The results of ND titters showed that the chicken IPB-D1 (2.08) and Sensi-1 chicken (2.54) were higher than Sentul Jatiwangi chickens (0.70). It could be concluded that IPB-D1 chickens and Sensi-1 chickens are more resistant to disease infections than other chickens. The disease resistance selection program in Sentul Sensi-1 chickens, and the utilization of the heterosis effect through the crossing program in chickens IPB-D1 has been shown to increase good disease resistance indicators. Selection and crossbreeding programs in IPB-D1 and Sensi-1 chicken have been proven to increase resistance characteristics.