bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Bilayer Polyacrylamide/DNA Hybrid Hydrogel Film Actuators Exhibiting Programmable Responsive and Reversible Macroscopic Shape Deformations
Authors: Bi Yanhui , Du Xiaoxue , He Pingping , Wang Chunyan , Liu Chang , Guo Weiwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs a crucial instinct for the survival of organisms, adaptive smart deformation has been well shown via profusely astounding examples within biological morphogenesis in nature, which inspired the construction of biomimetic shape‐morphing materials with controlled actuating behaviors. Herein, the construction of nature‐inspired bilayer hydrogel film actuators, composed of a polyacrylamide hydrogel passive layer and a polyacrylamide‐DNA hybrid hydrogel active layer, which exhibited programmable stimuli‐responsive and reversible macroscopic shape deformations directed by the sequence of DNA crosslinking units in the active layer, is reported. As a proof‐of‐concept, the introduction of DNA i‐motif based crosslinking structures into the active layer, which can undergo pH‐stimulated formation and dissociation of crosslinking between polymers and therefore change the crosslinking density of the active layer, lead to the redistribution of the internal stresses within the bilayer structure, and result in the pH‐stimulated shape deformations. By programming the sequence of DNA units in the active layer, a Ag+/Cysteamine‐stimulated bilayer DNA hybrid hydrogel film actuator is further constructed and exhibits excellent actuation behaviors. Thanks to the micrometer‐scale thickness of the films, these actuators exhibit a high degree of macroscopic and reversible shape deformations at high speed, which may find use in future smart biosensing and biomedical applications.
Engineering Gadolinium‐Integrated Tellurium Nanorods for Theory‐Oriented Photonic Hyperthermia in the NIR‐II Biowindow
Authors: Dong Lile , Li Kai , Wen Ding , Gao Xuan , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered hyperthermia has exhibited promising prospects in oncology therapy due to the unique merits including minimal invasiveness, monitorable, excellent therapeutic effect, and negligible side effects. Especially, the second NIR biowindow (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) with less absorbance and scattering by skin tissue, and deep tissue penetration, has received extensive attention for photonic hyperthermia. Unfortunately, the dissatisfactory photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) and cumbersome preparation process of photo‐driven heat conversion nanomaterials seriously hamper the future clinical application. To combat the aforementioned challenges, high imaging performance and desired therapeutic outcome 1D nanorods are constructed based on gadolinium‐integrated tellurium nanorods (Te–Gd). In this system, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) imaging‐guided photonic hyperthermia can be easily implemented in cooperation with Te–Gd. Importantly, Te–Gd possesses high PCE (41%) in the NIR‐II biowindow because the transition of the excited electron can easily occur from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB) on (1 0 1) and (1 0 2) crystal planes. Furthermore, the distinctive photostability, high tumor accumulation, as well as low systemic adverse effects of Te–Gd guarantee the potential in the clinic.
Influence mechanisms under different immersion methods and different strengths of concrete in corrosive environments, and verification via long‐term field test
Authors: Zhang Rongling , Ma Lina , Liu Peng , Chen Huisu , Zhu Han Xing , Xiao Huigang , Xiong Zeyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper is to study the influence of sulphate corrosion on the mechanical behaviors of concrete, especially concrete corrosion under actual corrosion environment. This study investigated different immersion methods for concrete in a corrosion environment, and different strengths of concrete specimens with contents of sodium sulphate and magnesium chloride of 10.36% and 12.00%, respectively. Strength tests were performed on the specimens for the different immersion methods of full immersion, half‐immersion, and dry‐wet cycles, and with different strengths for the concrete of C20, C35, and C50. To study the internal mechanisms of the corrosion of concrete with different immersion methods and different strengths, a microscopic pore structure test was conducted. The field tests were performed after 12 years to evaluate the long term performance of the concrete under the actual environmental conditions. The test results show that full immersion mainly led to chemical corrosion, half immersion led to double damage from salt crystallization and chemical corrosion, and dry‐wet cycles accelerated the corrosions of the salt crystallization and chemical corrosion. The higher the strength of concrete, the better its resistance to the sulphate corrosion. In comparison with the strength of the concrete before corrosion, field test results show that the strength of uncorroded concrete after 12 years is increased by 9.5% and the strength of corroded concrete after 12 years is reduced by 56.2%. The results of the strength tests and pore structure tests show that sulphate has a significant impact on concrete strength after 12 years of field tests. This study will contribute to improve long‐term performance of the concrete, provide guidance for concrete structure design in corroded areas, and suggested that increasing attention should be paid to the effects of sulphate on concrete performance.
Integration principles for complex systems
Authors: Grumbach Joshua Logan , Thomas Lawrence Dale 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe integration of complex systems is an important aspect of systems engineering. This paper defines six integration principles to consider when planning and executing system development and integration processes. This paper describes these integration principles and validates them through a historical system survey. The 14 systems studied represent both integration successes and integration failures to show the universal applicability of the principles. The historical system analysis supported the validity of four of the six principles. The validity of one of the remaining principles could not be concluded through the evidence gathered. The validity of the final principle was inconclusive due to a lack of evidence found. Understanding these principles and how to apply them to an integration program will increase the probability of successful integration of future systems.
Expansion of Lordhowea, and a new genus for scapose, alpine Australian species of Senecioneae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. , Zeil‐Rolfe Isabel , Lepschi Brendan , Gooden Ben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Senecioneae are one of the largest tribes of Asteraceae, with more than 3000 species and a global distribution. They also contain a large number of invasive species such as fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis), cape ivy (Delairea odorata), and ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris). Although sequence data are available for many species, published phylogenies are for the most part restricted to specific subgroups, and the most broadly sampled phylogenies have limited coverage in depth. Fifty‐two of 126 native Australian or introduced species remain unsequenced. As a consequence, the phylogenetic relationships of introduced and native Australian taxa remain difficult to assess, hampering research in biocontrol. We inferred ribosomal and chloroplast phylogenies of the Senecioneae incorporating all available data for the four most frequently sequenced gene regions (nrITS, nrETS, psbA‐trnH, trnL) and generated sequence data for 32 additional species to inform the assembly of biocontrol test lists. Our results indicate that nine newly sequenced species currently classified as Senecio are phylogenetically distant from that genus. Although initially unexpected, the inferred affiliations of eight of these species are also supported by morphology, biogeography and chromosome numbers, together providing strong evidence in favour of taxonomic changes. Three species are added to previously phylogenetically isolated and monotypic Lordhowea, and the new genus Scapisenecio is created to accommodate five species characterised by a rosette habit with scapose capitulescences occurring in alpine to subalpine habitats of southeastern Australia.
The Bestmann‐Ohira Reagent and Related Diazo Compounds for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Authors: Jamali Muhammad Fahad , Vaishanv Narendra Kumar , Mohanan Kishor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAzaheterocycles are one of the most prevalent classes of compounds present in numerous bioactive compounds, natural products, and agrochemicals, and undoubtedly, new methods to access them are always in high demand. Among the methods available, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions involving diazo compounds are particularly attractive because of their ability to rapidly construct densely functionalized azaheterocycles in a regioselective manner. In this context, the Bestmann‐Ohira reagent has become a well‐known reagent for the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions to produce phosphonylated heterocycles, besides its widespread use as a homologating agent for the conversion of aldehydes to alkynes. This account details our efforts toward broadening the synthetic utility of the Bestmann‐Ohira reagent and related compounds for the preparation of azaheterocycles such as pyrazoles, spirooxindoles, triazoles, triazolines, and spiropyrazolines, emphasizing on domino multicomponent reactions employing readily available feedstock reagents.
Toward an antiracist genre pedagogy: Considerations for a North American context
Authors: Accurso Kathryn , Mizell Jason D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article combines principles from critical race theory and genre pedagogy to show how K–12 English language teachers can engage in antiracist genre‐based literacy instruction. Genre pedagogy has become increasingly popular in North America as an approach to supporting multilingual students’ literacy development. However, genres of schooling are often treated as ideologically neutral and not related to the structural racism that permeates North American schools. As a result, genre pedagogy is implemented in ways that reproduce dominant practices and reinforce deficit perspectives of multilingual students of color. Therefore, we propose principles for an antiracist genre pedagogy that (1) teaches community countertexts alongside dominant ones, (2) identifies ideologies and knowledge structures in each, (3) increases focus on interpersonal meanings to analyze racializing dimensions of texts, (4) promotes remixing genres for antiracist purposes, and (5) destabilizes the white measuring stick used to evaluate “appropriate” classroom language use. By combining functional methods with radical goals, we take seriously Ladson‐Billings’s (2014) call for remixing pedagogies in ways that benefit and empower students who have been disserved by dominant schooling ideologies—in this article, multilingual students of color.
In vitro effects of histamine receptor 1 antagonists on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells
Authors: Gamperl Susanne , Stefanzl Gabriele , Willmann Michael , Valent Peter , Hadzijusufovic Emir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCanine mastocytomas (MCTs) are characterized by rapid proliferation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) and clinical signs caused by MC‐derived mediators. In dogs suffering from MCT, histamine receptor 1 (HR1) antagonists are frequently used to control mediator‐related clinical symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the HR1 antagonists loratadine and terfenadine exert some growth‐inhibitory effects on neoplastic MCs. We examined whether other HR1 antagonists used in clinical practice (desloratadine, rupatadine, cyproheptadine, dimetindene, diphenhydramine) affect proliferation and survival of neoplastic MCs. Furthermore, we analysed whether these HR1 antagonists counteract IgE‐dependent histamine release from a MC line harbouring a functional IgE‐receptor. HR1 antagonists were applied on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI‐1, and on primary MCs obtained from three MCT samples. The HR1 antagonists desloratadine, rupatadine and cyproheptadine were found to be more potent in decreasing proliferation of C2 and NI‐1 cells when compared with dimetindene and diphenhydramine. Similar effects were seen in primary neoplastic MCs, except for diphenhydramine, which exerted more potent growth‐inhibitory effects than the other HR1 antagonists. Drug‐induced growth‐inhibition in C2 and NI‐1 cells was accompanied by apoptosis. Loratadine, desloratadine and rupatadine also suppressed IgE‐dependent histamine release in NI‐1 cells. However, drug concentrations required to elicit substantial effects on growth or histamine release were relatively high (>10 µM). Therefore, it remains unknown whether these drugs or similar, more potent, HR1‐targeting drugs can suppress growth or activation of canine neoplastic MCs in vivo.
Aspergillus awamori positively impacts the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidative activity and immune responses of growing rabbits
Authors: El‐Deep Mahmoud H. , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Assar Mohamed H. , Ahamad Paray Bilal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we explored the effects of dietary administration of Aspergillus awamori on the growth, intestinal histomorphology, immune parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity of growing rabbits. The rabbits of 5 weeks of age (body weight, 855 ± 5.53 g) were allotted into four groups (12 rabbits per group) and fed four experimental diets enriched with A. awamori at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg per kg diet for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, an equal number of male APRI rabbits (3 months old; 4 groups, 5 rabbits per group) were housed in metabolism cages and fed the test diets for 14 days for the digestibility trial. All A. awamori‐enriched diets induced a significant increase in the average body weight and weight gain of rabbits and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio. In rabbits fed with A. awamori at 100 or 150 mg per kg diet, protein, lipid and fibber digestibility coefficients significantly increased compared with the control group. Intestinal villi measurements (length and thickness) were also enhanced in all rabbits fed with A. awamori. Adding A. awamori as a food supplement generally did not affect rabbit haematology and blood biochemistry values; however, at 150 mg per kg diet, it significantly increased the levels of haemoglobin and total protein, as well as red blood cell count. Furthermore, all enriched diets significantly increased rabbits’ phagocytic activity and their phagocytic index. Rabbits fed with A. awamori also showed decreased malondialdehyde but increased catalase activity. In conclusion, A. awamori administered as feed supplement at 100–150 mg per kg of growing rabbits’ diet enhances their growth, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility, and it raises the levels of their immune and antioxidative responses.
Molecular characterization of free fatty acid receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3 in the domestic cat
Authors: Yamamoto Ichiro , Kawasumi Koh , Ohkusu‐Tsukada Kozo , Arai Toshiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors 41 and 43 were identified and characterized as free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) 3 and 2, respectively. FFAR2 and FFAR3 mediate short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as signalling molecules. The present study aimed to give molecular characterization of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in the domestic cat. High homology with that in other mammals was revealed by cDNA cloning of cat FFAR2 FFAR3. We analyzed the tissue distribution of cat FFAR2 and FFAR3 mRNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The inhibition of intracellular cAMP concentrations was observed in cells transfected with cat FFAR2 or FFAR3 and treated with SCFAs. The activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells‐luciferase reporter was only observed in cat FFAR2 transfected cells but not in FFAR3. Split luciferase assay (NanoLuc Binary Technology; NanoBiT) for FFAR2 or FFAR3 and Arrestin‐3/β‐arrestin‐2 revealed acetate‐/propionate‐induced recruitment to cat FFAR2 or FFAR3 in CHO‐K1 cells. Our results indicate that FFAR2 and FFAR3 are functional receptor proteins that are expressed in cat tissues and show differential distribution patterns.
Using Expert Elicitation to Build Long-Term Projection Assumptions
Authors: Dion Patrice , Galbraith Nora , Sirag Elham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost statistical agencies consult with experts in some manner prior to formulating their assumptions about the future. Expert judgment is valuable when there is either a lack of good data, insufficient knowledge about underlying causal mechanisms, or apparent randomness in trends. In this paper, we describe the expert elicitation protocol developed by Statistics Canada in 2018 to inform the development of projection assumptions. The protocol may be useful for projection makers looking to adopt a formal approach to eliciting expert judgments, or for producing probabilistic projections, where it is necessary to obtain plausible estimates of uncertainty for components of population growth.
Alternative Forecasts of Danish Life Expectancy
Authors: Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Kjæ rgaard Søren , Pascariu Marius D. , Aburto José Manuel , Alvarez Jesús-Adrián , Basellini Ugofilippo , Rizzi Silvia , Vaupel James W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last three decades, considerable progress in mortality forecasting has been achieved, with new and more sophisticated models being introduced. Most of these forecasting models are based on the extrapolation of past trends, often assuming linear (or log-linear) development of mortality indicators, such as death rates or life expectancy. However, this assumption can be problematic in countries where mortality development has not been linear, such as in Denmark. Life expectancy in Denmark experienced stagnation from the 1980s until the mid-1990s. To avoid including the effect of the stagnation, Denmark’s official forecasts are based on data from 1990 only. This chapter is divided into three parts. First, we highlight and discuss some of the key methodological issues for mortality forecasting in Denmark. How many years of data are needed to forecast? Should linear extrapolation be used? Second, we compare the forecast performance of 11 models for Danish females and males and for period and cohort data. Finally, we assess the implications of the various forecasts for Danish society, and, in particular, their implications for future lifespan variability and age at retirement.
Generic differential operators on Siegel modular forms and special polynomials
Authors: Ibukiyama Tomoyoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHolomorphic vector valued differential operators acting on Siegel modular forms and preserving automorphy under the restriction to diagonal blocks are important in many respects, including application to critical values of L functions. Such differential operators are associated with vectors of new special polynomials of several variables defined by certain harmonic conditions. They include the classical Gegenbauer polynomial as a prototype, and are interesting as themselves independently of Siegel modular forms. We will give formulas for all such polynomials in two different ways. One is to describe them using polynomials characterized by monomials in off-diagonal block variables. We will give an explicit and practical algorithm to give the vectors of polynomials through these. The other one is rather theoretical but seems much deeper. We construct an explicit generating series of polynomials mutually related under certain mixed Laplacians. Here substituting the variables of the polynomials to partial derivatives, we obtain the generic differential operator from which any other differential operators of this sort are obtained by certain projections. This process exhausts all the differential operators in question. This is also generic in the sense that for any number of variables and block partitions, it is given by a recursive unified expression. As an application, we prove that the Taylor coefficients of Siegel modular forms with respect to off-diagonal block variables, or of corresponding expansion of Jacobi forms, are essentially vector valued Siegel modular forms of lower degrees, which are obtained as images of the differential operators given above. We also show that the original forms are recovered by the images of our operators. This is an ultimate generalization of Eichler–Zagier’s results on Jacobi forms of degree one. Several more explicit results and practical construction are also given.
Antibiotische Therapie bei kritisch kranken Kindern – Ist weniger mehr?
Authors: Bruns N. , Dohna-Schwake C. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie antibiotische Therapie stellt eine wichtige und in vielen Fällen unverzichtbare Maßnahme zum Erreichen einer Restitutio ad integrum bei bakteriellen Infektionen dar. Hierdurch können auch schwere Infektionen bei immungeschwächten Patienten geheilt werden. Wir wissen heute aber auch, dass insbesondere kritisch kranke Kinder häufig inadäquat antibiotisch behandelt werden – mit ebenfalls potenziell schädlichen Nebenwirkungen. In diesem Spannungsfeld aus kritisch krankem Kind, der Angst, etwas zu verpassen, und potenzieller Übertherapie ist es oft nicht einfach, eine rationale Therapieentscheidung zu fällen. Im vorliegenden Review werden aktuelle Studien zu wichtigen Aspekten der antibiotischen Therapie bei kritisch kranken Kindern beleuchtet und im Hinblick auf klinische Umsetzbarkeit interpretiert. Folgende Teilaspekte werden besprochen: 1) Zeitpunkt der antibiotischen Therapie und Möglichkeiten eines abwartenden Verhaltens, 2) die Auswahl der Antibiotika in der empirischen Therapie, 3) Deeskalationsstrategien und 4) die Dauer der antibiotischen Therapie. Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programme, unter Einbeziehung von pädiatrischen Infektiologen, klinischen Pharmazeuten und Mikrobiologen, spielen bei den häufig schwierigen klinischen Entscheidungen eine entscheidende Rolle.
A complete folk theorem for finitely repeated games
Authors: Demeze-Jouatsa Ghislain-Herman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the set of pure strategy subgame perfect Nash equilibria of any finitely repeated game with complete information and perfect monitoring. The main result is a complete characterization of the limit set, as the time horizon increases, of the set of pure strategy subgame perfect Nash equilibrium payoff vectors of the finitely repeated game. This model includes the special case of observable mixed strategies.