bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the current size and state of subvolcanic magma reservoirs
Authors: Weber Gregor , Caricchi Luca , Arce José L. , Schmitt Axel K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetermining the state of magma reservoirs is essential to mitigate volcanic hazards. However, geophysical methods lack the spatial resolution to quantify the volume of eruptible magma present in the system, and the study of the eruptive history of a volcano does not constrain the current state of the magma reservoir. Here, we apply a novel approach to Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico) to tightly constrain the rate of magma input and accumulation in the subvolcanic reservoir. We show that only a few percent of the supplied magma erupted and a melt volume of up to 350 km3 is currently stored under the volcano. If magma input resumes, the volcano can reawake from multi-millennial dormancy within a few years and produce a large eruption, due to the thermal maturity of the system. Our approach is widely applicable and provides essential quantitative information to better assess the state and hazard potential of volcanoes.
Anomalous mechanical materials squeezing three-dimensional volume compressibility into one dimension
Authors: Jiang Xingxing , Molokeev Maxim S. , Dong Liyuan , Dong Zhichao , Wang Naizheng , Kang Lei , Li Xiaodong , Li Yanchun , Tian Chuan , Peng Shiliu , Li Wei , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnomalous mechanical materials, with counterintuitive stress-strain responding behaviors, have emerged as novel type of functional materials with highly enhanced performances. Here we demonstrate that the materials with coexisting negative, zero and positive linear compressibilities can squeeze three-dimensional volume compressibility into one dimension, and provide a general and effective way to precisely stabilize the transmission processes under high pressure. We propose a “corrugated-graphite-like” structural model and discover lithium metaborate (LiBO2) to be the first material with such a mechanical behavior. The capability to keep the flux density stability under pressure in LiBO2 is at least two orders higher than that in conventional materials. Our study opens a way to the design and search of ultrastable transmission materials under extreme conditions.
ATF4 leads to glaucoma by promoting protein synthesis and ER client protein load
Authors: Kasetti Ramesh B. , Patel Pinkal D. , Maddineni Prabhavathi , Patil Shruti , Kiehlbauch Charles , Millar J. Cameron , Searby Charles C. , Raghunathan VijayKrishna , Sheffield Val C. , Zode Gulab S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe underlying pathological mechanisms of glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) damage and elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) are poorly understood. Here, we report that the chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway is activated in TM of human and mouse glaucoma. Expression of ATF4 in TM promotes aberrant protein synthesis and ER client protein load, leading to TM dysfunction and cell death. These events lead to IOP elevation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration. ATF4 interacts with CHOP and this interaction is essential for IOP elevation. Notably, genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway prevents TM cell death and rescues mouse models of glaucoma by reducing protein synthesis and ER client protein load in TM cells. Importantly, glaucomatous TM cells exhibit significantly increased protein synthesis along with induction of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway. These studies indicate a pathological role of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway in glaucoma and provide a possible treatment for glaucoma by targeting this pathway.
Phase separation by the polyhomeotic sterile alpha motif compartmentalizes Polycomb Group proteins and enhances their activity
Authors: Seif Elias , Kang Jin Joo , Sasseville Charles , Senkovich Olga , Kaltashov Alexander , Boulier Elodie L. , Kapur Ibani , Kim Chongwoo A. , Francis Nicole J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolycomb Group (PcG) proteins organize chromatin at multiple scales to regulate gene expression. A conserved Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) in the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) subunit Polyhomeotic (Ph) has been shown to play an important role in chromatin compaction and large-scale chromatin organization. Ph SAM forms helical head to tail polymers, and SAM-SAM interactions between chromatin-bound Ph/PRC1 are believed to compact chromatin and mediate long-range interactions. To understand the underlying mechanism, here we analyze the effects of Ph SAM on chromatin in vitro. We find that incubation of chromatin or DNA with a truncated Ph protein containing the SAM results in formation of concentrated, phase-separated condensates. Ph SAM-dependent condensates can recruit PRC1 from extracts and enhance PRC1 ubiquitin ligase activity towards histone H2A. We show that overexpression of Ph with an intact SAM increases ubiquitylated H2A in cells. Thus, SAM-induced phase separation, in the context of Ph, can mediate large-scale compaction of chromatin into biochemical compartments that facilitate histone modification.
Protrudin functions from the endoplasmic reticulum to support axon regeneration in the adult CNS
Authors: Petrova Veselina , Pearson Craig S. , Ching Jared , Tribble James R. , Solano Andrea G. , Yang Yunfei , Love Fiona M. , Watt Robert J. , Osborne Andrew , Reid Evan , Williams Pete A. , Martin Keith R. , Geller Herbert M. , Eva Richard , Fawcett James W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdult mammalian central nervous system axons have intrinsically poor regenerative capacity, so axonal injury has permanent consequences. One approach to enhancing regeneration is to increase the axonal supply of growth molecules and organelles. We achieved this by expressing the adaptor molecule Protrudin which is normally found at low levels in non-regenerative neurons. Elevated Protrudin expression enabled robust central nervous system regeneration both in vitro in primary cortical neurons and in vivo in the injured adult optic nerve. Protrudin overexpression facilitated the accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum, integrins and Rab11 endosomes in the distal axon, whilst removing Protrudin’s endoplasmic reticulum localization, kinesin-binding or phosphoinositide-binding properties abrogated the regenerative effects. These results demonstrate that Protrudin promotes regeneration by functioning as a scaffold to link axonal organelles, motors and membranes, establishing important roles for these cellular components in mediating regeneration in the adult central nervous system.
Localized spin-orbit polaron in magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Xing Yuqing , Shen Jianlei , Chen Hui , Huang Li , Gao Yuxiang , Zheng Qi , Zhang Yu-Yang , Li Geng , Hu Bin , Qian Guojian , Cao Lu , Zhang Xianli , Fan Peng , Ma Ruisong , Wang Qi , Yin Qiangwei , Lei Hechang , Ji Wei , Du Shixuan , Yang Haitao , Wang Wenhong , Shen Chengmin , Lin Xiao , Liu Enke , Shen Baogen , Wang Ziqiang , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe kagome lattice Co3Sn2S2 exhibits the quintessential topological phenomena of a magnetic Weyl semimetal such as the chiral anomaly and Fermi-arc surface states. Probing its magnetic properties is crucial for understanding this correlated topological state. Here, using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) combined with first-principle calculations, we report the discovery of localized spin-orbit polarons (SOPs) with three-fold rotation symmetry nucleated around single S-vacancies in Co3Sn2S2. The SOPs carry a magnetic moment and a large diamagnetic orbital magnetization of a possible topological origin associated relating to the diamagnetic circulating current around the S-vacancy. Appreciable magneto-elastic coupling of the SOP is detected by nc-AFM and STM. Our findings suggest that the SOPs can enhance magnetism and more robust time-reversal-symmetry-breaking topological phenomena. Controlled engineering of the SOPs may pave the way toward practical applications in functional quantum devices.
Additive effects of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation in cell death, induction of ROS and expression of RAC2 in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Tan Shaobo , Pei Weiwei , Huang Hao , Zhou Guangming , Hu Wentao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRadiation and microgravity are undoubtedly two major factors in space environment that pose a health threat to astronauts. However, the mechanistic study of their interactive biological effects is lacking. In this study, human lung bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells were used to study the regulation of radiobiological effects by simulated microgravity (using a three-dimensional clinostat). It was found that simulated microgravity together with radiation induced drop of survival fraction, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand break formation of Beas-2B cells additively. They also additively induced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2) upregulation, leading to increased NADPH oxidase activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield. The findings indicated that simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation presented an additive effect on cell death of human bronchial epithelial cells, which was mediated by RAC2 to some extent. The study provides a new perspective for the better understanding of the compound biological effects of the space environmental factors.
Potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Mokrini Fouad , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Benseddik Youssef , Joutei Abdelmalek Boutaleb , Blenzar Abdelali , Lakhal Hicham , Sbaghi Mohamed , Imren Mustafa , Özer Göksel , Paulitz Timothy , Lahlali Rachid , Dababat Abdelfattah A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, is a deleterious pest worldwide affecting fruit production. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biocontrol agent that could be effectively used to control this Mediterranean fruit fly. In this study, five EPN strains reported from different fields in Morocco were evaluated for their efficacy against C. capitata. In laboratory assays, Steinernema feltiae-SF-MOR9, S. feltiae-SF-MOR10 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-HB-MOR7 strains showed significantly higher infectivity and penetration rates when compared to the other strains. S. feltiae-SF-MOR9 caused the highest larval mortality rate (80%) at 50 infective juveniles (IJs) cm−2. However, additional results showed that both S. feltiae strains were significantly effective in controlling C. capitata larvae in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruits on soil surface with high mortality rate at 50 and 100 IJs cm−2. Different soil textures and moisture levels resulted in a significant variation in EPN strain virulence against C. capitata. Sandy clay loam soil in combination with 50 IJs cm−2 of S. feltiae (SF-MOR9 or SF-MOR10) caused a higher mortality rate of C. capitata larvae. Furthermore, applying these EPN strains at 50–100 IJs cm−2 in combination with 10–15% moisture level showed optimal results against C. capitata larvae. Therefore, those two Moroccan EPN strains could be used as promising eco-friendly biological agents against C. capitata.
Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults visiting regional medical institutions from the Kadoma Sarcopenia Study
Authors: Kurose Satoshi , Nishikawa Satoru , Nagaoka Takayasu , Kusaka Masahiro , Kawamura Jun , Nishioka Yukari , Sato Shinji , Tsutsumi Hiromi , Kimura Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate risk factors for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults visiting regional medical institutions. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 552 participants (mean age: 74.6 ± 6.7 years, males 31.3%) who underwent body composition evaluation between March 2017 and December 2018 at one of 24 medical institutions belonging to the Kadoma City Medical Association in Japan. We collected the participant’s characteristics and laboratory data. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Sarcopenia, including severe sarcopenia, was detected in 22.3% of all participants, 17.3% of men, and 24.5% of women; rates increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–3.75), obesity (OR: 0.15; 95% CI 0.07–0.32), hypertension (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.25–0.76), certification of long term care (OR: 3.32; 95% CI 1.41–7.81), number of daily conversations (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.25–0.77), and malnutrition (OR: 2.42; 95% CI 1.04–5.60) as independent predictors of sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the cut-off for daily conversations defining sarcopenia was 4.8 persons. The prevalence of sarcopenia in this study was 22.3%. Besides traditional risk factors for sarcopenia, the number of daily conversations was an independent factor.
Palatal rugae morphology is associated with variation in tooth number
Authors: Armstrong Jessica , Seehra Jadbinder , Andiappan Manoharan , Jones Allan G. , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Cobourne Martyn T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis observational study compared palatal rugae morphology in adolescent subjects with normal tooth number and tooth agenesis. Maxillary dental study casts were used to compare rugae number, length and shape. Each study group contained 60 subjects (30 females and 30 males) mean age 13.4 (SD, 1.55) in control and 13.56 (SD, 1.54) years in tooth agenesis groups (p = 0.576). Mean number of missing tooth units in the tooth agenesis group was 2.1. Mean number of primary rugae in the whole sample was 4.35 (SD, 0.98) on the right and 4.33 (SD, 0.92) on the left with no significant differences (p = 0.236 and p = 0.404, respectively). However, the number of secondary rugae on the left (p = 0.006) and fragmentary rugae on the right (p = 0.004) was significantly increased in the tooth agenesis group. The shape of left primary rugae 2 and 3 also differed between groups, tending towards a wavy pattern in the control group and curved in the tooth agenesis group (p = 0.012 and p = 0.004, respectively). In addition, primary rugae 3 was more convergent (p = 0.008) whilst left primary rugae 3 and 5 were orientated in an antero-posterior direction (p = 0.04 for both rugae) in the tooth agenesis group. Subgroup analysis also identified significant associations between patterns of tooth agenesis and rugae number, in addition to shape of primary rugae. The identification of significant differences in rugae pattern between subjects with normal tooth number and agenesis suggests potential commonality in signal pathway disruption during establishment of these structures.
Inhabited subsurface wet smectites in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert as an analog for the search for life on Mars
Authors: Azua-Bustos Armando , Fairén Alberto G. , Silva Carlos González , Carrizo Daniel , Fernández-Martínez Miguel Ángel , Arenas-Fajardo Cristián , Fernández-Sampedro Maite , Gil-Lozano Carolina , Sánchez-García Laura , Ascaso Carmen , Wierzchos Jacek , Rampe Elizabeth B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe modern Martian surface is unlikely to be habitable due to its extreme aridity among other environmental factors. This is the reason why the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert has been studied as an analog for the habitability of Mars for more than 50 years. Here we report a layer enriched in smectites located just 30 cm below the surface of the hyperarid core of the Atacama. We discovered the clay-rich layer to be wet (a phenomenon never observed before in this region), keeping a high and constant relative humidity of 78% (aw0.780), and completely isolated from the changing and extremely dry subaerial conditions characteristic of the Atacama. The smectite-rich layer is inhabited by at least 30 halophilic species of metabolically active bacteria and archaea, unveiling a previously unreported habitat for microbial life under the surface of the driest place on Earth. The discovery of a diverse microbial community in smectite-rich subsurface layers in the hyperarid core of the Atacama, and the collection of biosignatures we have identified within the clays, suggest that similar shallow clay deposits on Mars may contain biosignatures easily reachable by current rovers and landers.
Yeast β-glucan, a potential prebiotic, showed a similar probiotic activity to inulin
Authors: Wang Huali , Chen Guijie , Li Xiang , Zheng Fuping , Zeng Xiaoxiong 
Published: November 2020

β-Glucan, an economical by-product of yeast, showed a similar probiotic activity to inulinw, which is expected to be a potential prebiotic for the modulation of gut microbiota.
Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Guo Ling-Yu , Schneider Phyllis , Harrison William 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI).

Method
Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age.

Results
CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor.

Conclusions
The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129
Target Selection Considerations for Speech Sound Disorder Intervention in Schools
Authors: DeVeney Shari L. , Cabbage Kathryn , Mourey Theresa 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Clinicians working with children who have speech sound disorders that involve multiple errors often prioritize particular errored sounds for intervention. However, this prioritization is not always an easy or clearly defined clinical decision, as there are many target selection considerations to weigh, some of which directly oppose one another. Conversely, sometimes there are multiple justified reasons to target a particular process or sound over others produced in error. Having a well-advised rationale regarding what sounds/sound classes to prioritize in treatment is a critical tenet of high-quality clinical service provision. Therefore, speech-language pathologists need to be mindful of differing rationales for prioritizing therapy targets and note that the same prioritization may not be appropriate for all children receiving therapy.

Conclusions
This clinical focus article provides an overview of a wide variety of pediatric target selection considerations (e.g., stimulability, complexity, frequency of occurrence, and interference with intelligibility) and offers clinicians theoretical and research-based rationales for each. Limitations and/or controversies that hamper practical clinical application of each target selection consideration are noted and described. Aspects in need of further research are highlighted. Additionally, through presentation of hypothetical case studies, the authors illustrate an individualized approach to target selection appropriate for a pediatric caseload.
Higher Institutional Volume Reduces Mortality in Reoperative Proximal Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Authors: Shea Nicholas J. , D'Angelo Alex M. , Polanco Antonio R. , Allen Philip , Sanchez Joseph E. , Kurlansky Paul , Patel Virendra I. , Takayama Hiroo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective This study aims to determine the impact of institutional volume on mortality in reoperative proximal thoracic aortic surgery patients using national outcomes data.Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 1998 to 2011 for patients with diagnoses of thoracic aneurysm and/or dissection who underwent open mediastinal repair. A total of 103,860 patients were identified. A total of 1,430 patients had prior cardiac surgery. Patients were further stratified into groups by institutional aortic volume: low (<12 cases/year), medium (12–39 cases/year), and high (40+ cases/year) volume. Multivariable risk-adjusted analysis accounting for emergent status and aortic dissection among other factors was performed to determine the impact of institutional volume on mortality.Results Overall mortality was 12% in the reoperative population. When the redo cohort was divided into tertiles, high-volume group had a 5% operative mortality compared with 9 and 15% for the medium- and low-volume groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that patients operated on at low- (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–9.6, p < 0.001) and medium-volume centers (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2, p = 0.03) had higher odds of mortality when compared with patients operated on at high-volume centers.Conclusions High-volume aortic centers can significantly reduce mortality for reoperative aortic surgery, compared with lower volume institutions.