bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in circadian endocrine rhythms: Clinical implications
Authors: Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Chrousos George P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganisms have developed a highly conserved and tightly regulated circadian system, to adjust their daily activities to day/night cycles. This system consists of a central clock, which is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the peripheral clocks that are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. Both the central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other and achieve circadian oscillations of gene expression through transcriptional/translational loops mediated by clock transcription factors. It is worth mentioning that circadian non‐transcriptional/non‐translational rhythms also occur in non‐nucleated cells. Interestingly, sex has been identified as an important factor influencing the activity of the circadian system. Indeed, several sex differences have been documented in the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology that pertain to circadian rhythms. In this review, we present the historical milestones of understanding circadian rhythms, describe the central and peripheral components of the circadian clock system, discuss representative examples of sexual dimorphism of circadian rhythms, and present the most relevant clinical implications.
Constraining oceanic oxygenation during the Shuram excursion in South China using thallium isotopes
Authors: Fan Haifeng , Nielsen Sune G. , Owens Jeremy D. , Auro Maureen , Shu Yunchao , Hardisty Dalton S. , Horner Tristan J. , Bowman Chelsie N. , Young Seth A. , Wen Hanjie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEdiacaran sediments record an unusual global carbon cycle perturbation that has been linked to widespread oceanic oxygenation, the Shuram negative C isotope excursion (NCIE). However, proxy‐based estimates of global ocean redox conditions during this event have been limited largely due to proxy specificity (e.g., euxinic sediments for Mo and U isotopes). Modern global seawater documents a homogenous Tl isotope composition (ε205Tl = −6.0) due to significant manganese oxide burial, which is recorded in modern euxinic sediments. Here, we provide new data documenting that sediments deposited beneath reducing but a non‐sulfidic water column from the Santa Barbara Basin (ε205Tl = −5.6 ± 0.1) also faithfully capture global seawater Tl isotope values. Thus, the proxy utilization of Tl isotopes can extend beyond strictly euxinic settings. Second, to better constrain the global redox conditions during the Shuram NCIE, we measured Tl isotopes of locally euxinic and ferruginous shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation, South China. The ε205Tl values of these shales exhibit a decreasing trend from ≈−3 to ≈−8, broadly coinciding with the onset of Shuram NCIE. There are ε205Tl values (−5.1 to −7.8) during the main Shuram NCIE interval that approach values more negative than modern global seawater. These results suggest that manganese oxide burial was near or even greater than modern burial fluxes, which is likely linked to an expansion of oxic conditions. This ocean oxygenation may have been an important trigger for the Shuram NCIE and evolution of Ediacaran‐type biota. Subsequently, Tl isotopes show an increasing trend from the modern ocean value to values near the modern global inputs or even heavier (ε205Tl ≈ −2.5 ~ 0.4), occurring prior to recovery from the NCIE. These records may suggest that there was a decrease in the extent of oxygenated conditions in the global oceans during the late stage of the Shuram NCIE.
Invader presence disrupts the stabilizing effect of species richness in plant community recovery after drought
Authors: Vetter Vanessa M. S. , Kreyling Juergen , Dengler Jürgen , Apostolova Iva , Arfin‐Khan Mohammed A. S. , Berauer Bernd J. , Berwaers Sigi , De Boeck Hans J. , Nijs Ivan , Schuchardt Max A. , Sopotlieva Desislava , von Gillhausen Philipp , Wilfahrt Peter A. , Zimmermann Maja , Jentsch Anke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigher biodiversity can stabilize the productivity and functioning of grassland communities when subjected to extreme climatic events. The positive biodiversity–stability relationship emerges via increased resistance and/or recovery to these events. However, invader presence might disrupt this diversity–stability relationship by altering biotic interactions. Investigating such disruptions is important given that invasion by non‐native species and extreme climatic events are expected to increase in the future due to anthropogenic pressure. Here we present one of the first multisite invader × biodiversity × drought manipulation experiment to examine combined effects of biodiversity and invasion on drought resistance and recovery at three semi‐natural grassland sites across Europe. The stability of biomass production to an extreme drought manipulation (100% rainfall reduction; BE: 88 days, BG: 85 days, DE: 76 days) was quantified in field mesocosms with a richness gradient of 1, 3, and 6 species and three invasion treatments (no invader, Lupinus polyphyllus, Senecio inaequidens). Our results suggest that biodiversity stabilized community productivity by increasing the ability of native species to recover from extreme drought events. However, invader presence turned the positive and stabilizing effects of diversity on native species recovery into a neutral relationship. This effect was independent of the two invader's own capacity to recover from an extreme drought event. In summary, we found that invader presence may disrupt how native community interactions lead to stability of ecosystems in response to extreme climatic events. Consequently, the interaction of three global change drivers, climate extremes, diversity decline, and invasive species, may exacerbate their effects on ecosystem functioning.
Endodontic considerations of survival rate for autotransplanted third molars: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lin P.‐Y. , Chiang Y.‐C. , Hsu L.‐Y. , Chang H.‐J. , Chi L.‐Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the timing of root canal treatment (primary aim) or other endodontic parameters (secondary aim) is associated with the survival probability of autotransplanted third molars, using a nationwide population‐based database.MethodologyA total of 1811 third molars autotransplanted between 2000 and 2013 met the inclusion criteria and were followed until the end of 2016. The teeth were classified into three groups on the basis of timing between root canal treatment and the autotransplantation: preoperative, extraoral and postoperative treatment groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the timing of root canal treatment and the risk of tooth extraction after autotransplantation.ResultsOf the 1811 autotransplanted third molars, 462 were extracted, yielding a 17‐year survival probability of 0.578. The survival probability of autotransplanted teeth that received postoperative root fillings after 17 years was 0.583, which was significantly higher than the 0.434 and 0.566 for teeth that received preoperative and extraoral root fillings, respectively (P = 0.0013). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, teeth that received postoperative root fillings were associated with a significantly lower tooth extraction hazard ratio (HR) compared with those that received extraoral root fillings (adjusted HR, 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.78) and those that received preoperative root fillings (adjusted HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.19–3.82). Furthermore, the use of a rubber dam during postoperative root filling was associated with a significantly lower extraction rate after autotransplantation (adjusted HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43–0.69).ConclusionsPostoperative root canal treatment resulted in a significantly lower extraction rate than did preoperative or extraoral root canal treatment amongst autotransplanted third molars during a mean follow‐up period of 8.33 years. Rubber dam use is recommended during postoperative root canal treatment to improve the outcomes of autotransplantation.
Gendering consumer ethics
Authors: Chatzidakis Andreas , Maclaran Pauline 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsumer ethics research has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the social and environmental consequences and considerations of consumption choices. We argue, however, that gender theory introduces important aspects of ethical enquiry currently overlooked. To build our argument, we undertake a critical literature review that assesses current gender theory and related applications in gender and consumption research. In doing so, we offer a conceptual pathway that elucidates the intersection of gender with consumer ethics in relation to three distinct levels of understanding; socio‐economic, embodied‐affective and representational. Although fundamentally intertwined, for our current purposes, these are analytically distinct. Implications and avenues for future research into gendering consumer ethics are discussed.
A meta‐analytic investigation of consumer over‐indebtedness: The role of impulsivity
Authors: Frigerio Marco , Ottaviani Cristina , Vandone Daniela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, evidence has been accumulated on the relationship between impulsivity and over‐indebtedness. Nevertheless, the magnitude of such association is still considered marginal compared to traditional socio‐demographic and economic factors, with the important consequence that impulsivity continues to be ignored in policy interventions for preventing and dealing with over‐indebtedness. The aim of this study was to meta‐analyse existing studies to answer the question: Are higher levels of impulsivity associated with greater over‐indebtedness? Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for English language studies. Seventeen studies were eligible for the analysis. The random effect model yielded a significant positive association between impulsivity and over‐indebtedness (Hedges' g = .40). Type of over‐indebtedness (debt holding vs. unmanageable debt) and work status (percentage of employed individuals) significantly moderated this association. Results are discussed in terms of implications and recommendations for future research, policy and practice.
Fatty acid profile, physiochemical properties and oxidative stability of ewe’s sausage as affected by distillated myrtle (Myrtus communis) leaves’ intake
Authors: Tibaoui Souha , Essid Ines , Smeti Samir , Bertolin Juan Ramon , Joy Margalida , Atti Naziha 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe effects of distilled myrtle leaves (DML) intake on physiochemical traits, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of ewe’s sausage (Merguez) were investigated. Twenty‐seven ewes were divided into three homogenous groups. Ewes were fed hay and concentrate for control group (C). They received concentrate and M‐Hay pellets, containing 87% DML, as substitute to hay in MH group; for MC group, ewes received hay, concentrate and M‐Conc pellets having 30% DML in partial substitution to concentrate. They were slaughtered at the end of trial (90 days) with an average body weight of 42 kg. DML did not affect the physicochemical and sensory properties (P > 0.05) of Merguez; whereas, it increased lipid oxidative stability (P < 0.05). MH group showed the highest values of α‐tocopherol content, C18:2‐n6 fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. DML could be used in animal feeding to obtain higher meat product quality with better fatty acids content and antioxidant potential.
A randomized controlled trial of a nurse‐led education pathway for asthmatic children from outpatient to home
Authors: Gao Guozhen , Liao Yaoji , Mo Lulu , Gong Yucui , Shao Xia , Li Jinying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEducation for asthmatic children in the outpatient department is insufficient.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of a nurse‐led education pathway, a standard education programme, on children with asthma.MethodsOne hundred and eighty participants enrolled and were randomly assigned to either the control group or the intervention group. The intervention group received predetermined step‐by‐step education sessions based on the self‐designed education pathway, while the control group received usual care. Asthma control, health‐related quality of life, and health‐care utilization measures were taken at baseline and at follow‐up visits between February 2016 and May 2018.ResultsSignificantly higher scores for health‐related quality of life and inhaler technique at the third‐month visit and asthma control test at the sixth‐month visit were seen in the intervention group. The numbers of unscheduled physician visits and school absences were lower in the intervention group than in the control group within 6 months. However, no significant differences were observed in emergency department visits and hospitalizations.ConclusionThe nurse‐led education pathway could be considered effective for children with asthma visiting the outpatient department.
Synthesis of blue‐emitting AlN:Eu2+ spherical phosphors by carbothermal reduction nitridation method
Authors: Li Sen , Zhang Jie , Tian Zhaobo , Yuan Xuanyi , Du Songmo , Wang Qi , Cao Wenbin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, blue‐emitting AlN:Eu2+ spherical phosphors were successfully synthesized for the first time by the carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN) method, assisted with high nitrogen pressure, appropriate synthesis temperature, and the addition of CaF2. The influence of typical experimental parameters, such as N2 pressure, heating temperature, CaF2 content and Eu2+ concentration on the morphologies and luminescence properties of AlN phosphors were comprehensively investigated. The formation mechanism of spherical morphology were significantly proffered, indicating that sufficient liquid Ca‐aluminates during the AlN growth stage were essential for the spheroidization process under the action of surface tension. The synthesized AlN:Eu2+ spherical phosphors presented an intense blue emission band centered in the range of 427‐ 476 nm relative to the reaction temperature. The lifetime of AlN:Eu2+ phosphor was calculated to be around 1.89 μs. The temperature‐dependent PL spectra suggested that the emission band did not shift until 225°C. In addition, the spectral analysis strongly suggested that the luminescence property of AlN:Eu2+ phosphors was significantly enhanced by the large particle size, spherical morphology, reduced impurity content, and appropriate Eu2+ concentration.
The Capitalist Cage: Structural Domination and Collective Agency in the Market
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article develops and defends a triadic account of structural domination, according to which structural domination (e.g. patriarchy, white supremacy, capitalism) is a triadic relation between dominator(s), dominated, and regulator(s)—the constitutive domination dyad plus those roles and norms expressively upholding it. The article elaborates on the relationship between structure and agency from the perspective of both oppressor and oppressed and discusses the deduction of the concept of the capitalist state from the concept of capitalism. On the basis of these definitions, it shows that structural domination under capitalism presupposes collective power but no joint agency or shared intentions on the part of the dominators.
Electrophysiological characteristics and clinical values of left bundle branch current of injury in left bundle branch pacing
Authors: Su Lan , Xu Tiancheng , Cai Mengxing , Xu Lei , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Sharma Parikshit S. , Chen Xiao , Zheng Rujie , Wu Shengjie , Huang Weijian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is emerging as a novel option for physiological ventricular pacing. The impact of current of injury (COI) at left bundle branch (LBB) has not been previously evaluated.MethodsConsecutive patients with QRS duration less than 120 milliseconds referred for LBBP in whom LBB potentials were recorded were included from August 2018 to March 2019. We recorded LBB COI during LBBP and assessed its impact on the pacing parameters and complications during implantation and at short term follow‐up.ResultsA total of 115 patients with an identifiable LBB potential at implant were included. LBB COI was confirmed in 77 (67.0%) of these patients. Three types of LBB COI were observed. LBB was captured in all patients at a pacing threshold less than 1.5 V/0.5 ms in COI(+) patients, while present in only 29 patients without an LBB COI(−) (100% vs 76.3%; P < .001). There was no significant difference between COI(+) and COI(−) patients in LBB bundle capture threshold (0.64 ± 0.24 vs 0.74 ± 0.26 V/0.5 ms). Selective LBBP was more common in COI(+) group than COI(−) group (54.5% vs 0%; P < .001). Pacing parameters were stable and no lead perforation or dislodgements were observed during follow‐up.ConclusionsLBB COI is commonly observed during LBBP in cases with an identifiable LBB potential and can be associated with a low LBB capture threshold and demonstrable selective capture of the LBB acutely and during follow‐up. A COI does not preclude safe and stable LBBP pacing.
Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Marco del Castillo Alvaro , Jepsen Søren , Gonzalez‐Juanatey Jose R. , D’Aiuto Francesco , Bouchard Philippe , Chapple Iain , Dietrich Thomas , Gotsman Israel , Graziani Filippo , Herrera David , Loos Bruno , Madianos Phoebus , Michel Jean‐Baptiste , Perel Pablo , Pieske Burkert , Shapira Lior , Shechter Michael , Tonetti Maurizio , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Wimmer Gernot 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non‐communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease.Material and MethodsThere is now a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several NCDs, in particular CVD. In 2012 a joint workshop was held between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology to review the literature relating periodontitis and systemic diseases, including CVD. In the last five years important new scientific information has emerged providing important emerging evidence to support these associationsResults and ConclusionsThe present review reports the proceedings of the workshop jointly organised by the EFP and the World Heart Federation (WHF), which has updated the existing epidemiological evidence for significant associations between periodontitis and CVD, the mechanistic links and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular and surrogate outcomes. This review has also focused on the potential risk and complications of periodontal therapy in patients on anti thrombotic therapy and has made recommendations for dentists, physicians and for patients visiting both the dental and medical practices.
Critical synthesis of available data in Malassezia folliculitis and a systematic review of treatments
Authors: Vlachos C. , Henning M.A.S. , Gaitanis G. , Faergemann J. , Saunte D.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFolliculitis is an inflammatory process involving the hair follicle, frequently attributed to infectious causes. Malassezia, an established symbiotic yeast that can evolve to a skin pathogen with opportunistic attributes, is a common source of folliculitis, especially when intrinsic (e.g. immunosuppression) or extrinsic (high ambient temperature and humidity, clothing) impact on the hair follicle and the overlying skin microenvironment. Our aim was to critically review the pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of Malassezia folliculitis, to describe laboratory methods that facilitate diagnosis and to systematically review treatment options. Malassezia folliculitis manifests as a pruritic, follicular papulopustular eruption distributed on the upper trunk. It commonly affects young to middle‐aged adults and immunosuppressed individuals. Inclusion into the differential diagnosis of folliculitis is regularly oversighted, and the prerequisite‐targeted diagnostic procedures are not always performed. Sampling by tape stripping or comedo extractor and microscopic examination of the sample usually identifies the monopolar budding yeast cells of Malassezia without the presence of hyphae. However, confirmation of the diagnosis with anatomical association with the hair follicle is performed by biopsy. For systematic review of therapies, PubMed was searched using the search string “(malassezia” [MeSH Terms] OR “malassezia” [All Fields] OR pityrosporum [All Fields]) AND “folliculitis” [MeSH Terms] and EMBASE was searched using the search string: ‘malassezia folliculitis.mp OR pityrosporum folliculitis.mp’. In total, 28 full‐length studies were assessed for eligibility and 21 were selected for inclusion in therapy evaluation. Conclusively Malassezia folliculitis should be considered in the assessment of truncal, follicular skin lesions. Patient's history, comorbidities and clinical presentation are usually indicative, but microscopically and histological examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Adequate samples obtained with comedo extractor and serial sections in the histological material are critical for proper diagnosis. Therapy should include systemic or topical measures for the control of the inflammation, as well as the prevention of recurrences.
Fast‐start escape performance across temperature and salinity gradients in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Collar David C. , Thompson Jessica S. , Ralston Tyler C. , Hobbs Trevor J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFast‐start predator‐escape performance of mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus was tested across field‐informed variation in temperature (24, 30 and 36°C) and salinity (2, 12 and 32 ppt). Performance was similar across temperatures and salinities when fish were allowed to acclimate to these conditions. However, when mummichogs experienced acute temperature changes, performance exhibited thermal dependence in two contrasting ways. Fast‐start turning rates and linear speeds varied directly with the temperature at which the manoeuvre was executed, but these aspects of performance varied inversely with acclimation temperature, with cool‐acclimated fish exhibiting faster starts across test temperatures. Temperature effects were consistent across salinities. These results suggest that while mummichogs increase performance with acute temperature increases, long‐term rises in sea temperature may cause these fish to become more susceptible to predation during abrupt cooling events, such as when storm events flood shallow water estuaries with cool rainwater.