bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KEPELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN DI APOTEK KIMIA FARMA 21 YOGYAKARTA PERIODE JANUARI-MARET 2018
Authors: Sheila P.V.J.  , Fitri Sriwaty Situmorang  
Published: September 2020

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan pelayanan kesehatan yang mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kesehatan bermutu, dimana apoteker sebagai bagian dari tenaga kesehatan mempunyai tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam mewujudkan pelayanan kefarmasian yang berkualitas (Anonim, 2016). Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasaan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kimia Farma 21 Yogyakarta berdasarkan 5 dimensi kualitas pelayanan yang mencakup dimensi tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance serta empathy dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pasien. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dimana penelitian ini akan Mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kimia Farma 21 Yogyakarta . Populasi adalah semua pasien yang berkunjung di Apotek Kimia Farma. Sampel penelitian ini adalah semua pasien yang membeli obat dengan resep di Apotek Kimia Farma yang berjumlah sebanyak 118 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan persentase tiap jawaban yang diberikan oleh responden. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut, dapat dilihat tingkat kepuasan pasien untuk setiap butir pertanyaan pada masing-masing dimensi . Hasil secara keseluruhan menunjukkan pasien memiliki persepsi puas terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kimia Farma 21 yang diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan persepsi sangat puas dan puas, pada dimensi Tangible (bentuk fisik) sebesar 96,4%, pada dimensi Reliability (keandalan) 98,7%, pada dimensi Responsiveness (cepat tanggap) 98,9%, pada dimensi Assurance (jaminan) 99,4% , dan pada dimensi Empathy ( empati) 97,7% . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kimia Farma 21 dipersepsikan puas oleh sebagian besar pasien. Hal ini menunjukkan Apotek Kimia Farma 21 perlu mempertahankan kualitas pelayanan kefarmasiannya serta lebih ditingkatkan lagi.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KARBOPOL DAN CMC-Na TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK PADA FORMULASI LOTION EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum)
Authors: Erma Yunita  , Annisa Ayu Rinanda  , Sukatrin Amalia Nur Habibah  
Published: September 2020

Kandungan kulit pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum) adalah flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Aktivitas dari antioksidan tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kolagen, maka kulit pisang dapat dikembangkan menjadi suatu sediaan farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk formulasi lotion ekstrak kulit pisang Ambon dan menguji fisik lotion. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Penelitian menggunakan 6 formula dengan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit pisang Ambon 4%. Perbedaan konsentrasi terletak pada variasi konsentrasi karbopol dan CMC-Na. Formula I, II dan III masing-masing untuk formula dengan karbopol konsentrasi 0,3%, 0,4%, dan 0,5% dan Formula IV, V, dan VI masing-masing untuk formula dengan konsentrasi CMC-Na 0,25%, 0,5% dan 1,0%. Lotion diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi karbopol menyebabkan lotion menjadi lebih kental, namun tidak mempengaruhi pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat lotion. Pada formulasi menunjukkan bahwa dalam penyimpanan selama empat minggu, lotion ekstrak kulit pisang Ambon Formula I,II, dan III memiliki bentuk, warna, bau, pH, homogenitas, kemampuan daya sebar dan lekat tidak mengalami perubahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit pisang Ambon dapat dibuat sediaan lotion. Penggunaan karbopol menghasilkan sediaan dengan sifat fisik yang lebih stabil selama 4 minggu penyimpanan.
IDENTIFIKASI DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS PADA PASIEN AUTIS DI RUMAH SAKIT X KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ruri Renggani Sandra  , Della Midi Wardhani  , Woro Supadmi  
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) adalah gangguan perkembangan saraf dengan penyebab yang kompleks dari banyak fakor Penggunaan obat pada pasien autis harus dimonitoring untuk mencegah terjadinya drug related problems. Intervensi farmasis dengan mengidentifikasi kejadian drug related problem adalah kegiatan pelayanan asuhan kefarmasian untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi. Penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medik. Evaluasi kejadian drug related problems meliputi indikasi yang tidak diterapi, terapi tanpa indikasi, pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat, overdosis, under dosis, adverse drug reactions dan interaksi obat. Literatur yang digunakan sebagai acuan adalah Drug Information Handbook, 18thed, Stockley Drug Interaction, Drugs Interaction Facts 2001, dan Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach 2005 dan jurnal yang relevan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki 20 pasien (77%), perempuan 6 pasien (23%). Usia antara 6-11 tahun yaitu 15 pasien (58%), 1-5 tahun terdapat 9 pasien (34%), usia <1 tahun dan 12-17 tahun masing-masing sebanyak 1 pasien (4%). Penyakit penyerta ISPA merupakan kasus yang paling banyak terjadi, terbanyak kedua adalah epilepsi dan gastroenteritis akut (GEA). Kejadian DRPs Indikasi tidak diterapi 9%, Terapi tanpa indikasi 9%, Pemilihan obat tidak tepat 9%, Over dosis 31%, Under dosis 33% dan interaksi obat 9%. Terdapat 24 pasien ( 92,3%) yang mengalami DRPs potensial dan 2 pasien (7,7%) yang tidak mengalami. Kriteria DRPs dengan persentase tertinggi adalah under dosis sebanyak 33% dan over dosis sebanyak 31%.
Unified observation network for geodynamic monitoring in FEB RAS: formation, 10 years of development and major achievements
Authors: БЫКОВ В.Г. , ШЕСТАКОВ Н.В. , ГЕРАСИМЕНКО М.Д. , СОРОКИН А.А. , КОНОВАЛОВ А.В. , ПРЫТКОВ А.С. , ВАСИЛЕНКО Н.Ф. , САФОНОВ Д.А. , КОЛОМИЕЦ А.Г. , СЕРОВ М.А. , ПУПАТЕНКО В.В. , КОРОЛЕВ С.П. , ВЕРХОТУРОВ А.Л. , ЖИЖЕРИН В.С. , РЯБИНКИН К.С. 
Published: September 2020

Обсуждается проблема современной геодинамики Дальневосточного региона на основе мониторинга разномасштабных деформаций и сейсмичности в области сочленения Евразийской, Североамериканской, Тихоокеанской, Амурской и Охотской литосферных плит с применением современных методов космической геодезии и широкополосной сейсмологии. Дан краткий обзор этапов развития Единой сети геодинамических наблюдений ДВО РАН, основных результатов сейсмологических и GPS/ГЛОНАСС-наблюдений, полученных в рамках целевой комплексной программы научных исследований ДВО РАН «Современная геодинамика, активные геоструктуры и природные опасности Дальнего Востока России (2009–2013 гг.)» и проектов ДВО РАН 2014, 2018, 2019 гг., а также достигнутых позиций ДВО РАН в области геодинамики.
The problem of the recent geodynamics of the Far East region is discussed based on monitoring of different-scale deformations and seismicity in the articulation of Eurasian, North American, Pacific, Amurian and Okhotsk lithospheric plates using modern methods of space geodesy and broadband seismology. We present a brief overview of the development stages of the Unified Network of Geodynamic Observations of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main results of seismological and GPS/GLONASS observations obtained within the framework of the Targeted Comprehensive Research Program of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2009–2013 «Recent geodynamics, active geological structures and natural hazards of the Far East of Russia», Projects of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2014, 2018, 2019) and the achievements of FEB RAS in the field of geodynamics.
Impact of Public, Private and Non-Governmental Organisations’ Financial Interventions on Youth Livelihood Outcomes in Kenya
Authors: Ngige Lucy W , Njuguna Christine W 
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the impact of public, private and Non-Governmental Organisations’ financial interventions on youth livelihood outcomes (YLO) in Kenya. A survey of 201 respondents randomly sampled from registered Youth Self-Help Groups in Nairobi County was conducted. Results showed that males constituted 74% and females made up 26% of the sample. The ages of the respondents ranged from 18 to 35 years. The results for livelihood outcomes indicated that 52% of the youth were at a survival level, 18% were at the security level and 30% were at the growth level of youth livelihood outcomes. Hypothesis test results further revealed that there was a relationship between the financial interventions and youth livelihood outcomes (χ2= 18.70; d.f. =7; p<0.05). Further regression results revealed three significant predictors of YLO in rank order as the public devolved funds comprised of Youth Enterprise Development Fund and Uwezo Fund (β= 0.761; p=0.009), followed by private micro-finance institutions (β=1.003; p=0.010) and finally, informal loans provided to members of Youth Self-Help Groups (β=1.037; p=0.018. The variables that were not significant predictors of YLO were Non-Profit Organisations, Faith-Based Organisations and Community-Based Organisations’ financial interventions. These findings implied that government-sponsored devolved funds had the greatest impact on youth livelihood outcomes, followed by funding by private micro-finance institutions and finally informal loans provided by the youth self-help groups to their members. This study has established that the public, private and the youth self-help groups’ financial interventions had the most significant positive impacts on youth livelihood outcomes. It was recommended that there was a need to provide more youth-targeted financial interventions by both the public and the private sectors in order to enhance youth livelihood outcomes. Furthermore, active participation by the youth in their development process is paramount for sustainable livelihoods to be achieved.
Fabrication and Investigations on Hepatoprotective Activity of Sustained release Biodegradable Piperine Microspheres
Authors: R. Bonepally Chandrasekhar , Aukunuru Jithan , Yellu Narsimha Reddy , Vanga Malla Reddy 
Published: August 2020

The objective of this research was to fabricate sustained release piperine microspheres and further, to demonstrate piperine’s hepatoprotective activity in a 12-day CCl4-administered mice model, after a one-time injection of the formulation. Two different emulsion-solvent evaporation techniques were employed to fabricate the microspheres, that is, with and without a surfactant using drug/polycaprolactone in different ratios and optimum formulations were determined. Microscopy demonstrated that the optimum formulations were spherical and had smooth texture with no drug crystals or microsphere aggregation. These particles could be administered for a variety of benefits piperine has, using different routes including oral, nasal, parenteral, etc. Particles fabricated using no surfactant was selected as the final formulation for in vivo hepatoprotective investigations. Piperine characteristics in this formulation remained the same, as determined by FTIR and a sustained release for 16 days, in vitro, was observed. Microspheres containing 2 mg piperine were administered intraperitoneally in the animal model. As controls, either no drug or drug as suspension was administered orally and intraperitoneally. SGOT, SGPT and liver-histology that were determined after 12 days, demonstrated the reversal in elevation of SGOT but not SGPT by the microspheres. Histology proved the particles more effective than other controls used
Lipospheres: Emerging Carriers in the Delivery of Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Rawat Manju , Saraf Swarnlata 
Published: August 2020

Currently, drug delivery technologies for protein and peptide delivery mainly rely on biodegradable polymers. However, protein stability during release from these systems can be critical due to physical and chemical instabilities. Lipospheres are solid microparticles composed of fat core stabilized by phospholipids layer represent an alternative carrier for the delivery of highly challenging, labile and unstable substances. This review highlights various aspects of lipospheres like physicochemical characteristics and stability for better clinical utility with a wider spectrum of proteins and peptides.
Chirality and its Importance in Pharmaceutical Field- An Overview
Authors: Jagan Mohan Somagoni , Chandra Mohan Eaga , Yamsani Madhsudan Rao 
Published: August 2020

Until recently, the majority of single-isomer drugs available were those derived from natural sources (e.g. morphine, epinephrine, hyoscine), and racemates predominated. There is now clear evidence of a trend in the pharmaceutical industry towards the development of chiral drugs. Several factors have influenced this trend, which has occurred independently and in parallel with a quest in the industry totally to develop more potent, selective and specific drugs. The process is equivalent to developing a new active substance and requires a new application, but data on the racemate may be used as appropriate, together with ‘bridging studies’. There is, however, limited potential in the market for the degree of therapeutic benefit obtained to justify the degree of investment. The real benefit of chiral technology lies in its application in the search for novel chemical entities and its appropriate formulation. This paper gives a brief idea about the importance of chirality, nomenclature, use of chiral excipients in formulations containing chiral drugs, stereoselective dissolution, stereoselective kinetics and dynamics, separation and estimation techniques and some interactions of chiral drugs. This paper also gives a brief overview of work done on chirality from formulation point of view.
Effect of Drug Concentration and Permeation Enhancer on Iontophoretic Transport of Salbutamol Sulphate in vitro
Authors: Faruk Abdul , Singh Gurpreet , Ishar Mohan Paul Singh 
Published: August 2020

The effect of different concentrations of drug and permeation enhancer (Dimethylsulfoxide) on iontophoretic transport of salbutamol sulphate was investigated in vitro. The iontophoretic transport was measured at constant (optimum) current density and pH as a function of varied concentration of drug, and at a fixed drug concentration as a function of permeation enhancer to know (i) how does drug concentration affect the efficiency of delivery? (ii) to what extent permeation enhancer affects the percutaneous delivery of drugs? (iii) what would be the combined effect of iontophoresis and permeation enhancer on permeation of drugs? Results showed that the use of different concentrations of drug in donor half cell (4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) increases the steady state flux both in passive diffusion (at pH 10.3) and iontophoresis (anodal at pH 7.4 and cathodal at pH 11) using 0.3 mA/cm2 current density. With the use of different concentrations of permeation enhancer (5, 10, 15 % w/v) in passive diffusion significantly increased (p < 0.05, t-test) the transport of drug and enhancement was 4, 6 and 7.6 folds respectively compared to the control. The maximum steady state flux was obtained with the use of 15 % w/v DMSO. Iontophoresis in conjugation with permeation enhancer had a significant synergistic effect in terms of transport of drug across skin
Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water Soluble Drug using Cosolvency and Solid Dispersion Techniques
Authors: Lingam Meka , Venkateswarlu Vobalaboina 
Published: August 2020

The low aqueous solubility of celecoxib (CB) and thus its low bioavailability is a problem. Thus, it is suggested to improve the solubility using cosolvency and solid dispersions techniques. Pure CB has solubility of 6.26±0.23µg/ml in water but increased solubility of CB was observed with increasing concentration of cosolvents like PEG 400, ethanol and propylene glycol. Highest solubility (791.06±15.57mg/ml) was observed with cosolvency technique containing the mixture of composition 10:80:10%v/v of water: PEG 400: ethanol. SDs with different polymers like PVP, PEG were prepared and subjected to physicochemical characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility and dissolution studies. These studies reveals that CB exists mainly in amorphous form in prepared solid dispersions of PVP, PEG4000 and PEG6000 further it can also be confirmed by solubility and dissolution rate studies. Solid dispersions of PV5 and PV9 have shown highest saturation solubility and dissolution rate
Evaluation of Neuropharmacological Effects of Dichrostachys cinerea Root
Authors: B Ramya Kuber , SanthRani Thaakur 
Published: August 2020

Dichrostachys cinerea (DC) root juice is widely used by tribals of Chittoor District against paralysis. The ethanolic extract was given at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o. Spontaneous motor activity, analgesia, grip strength, alertness and immobility in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were assessed. The extract at given doses significantly dose dependently decreased exploratory activity, spontaneous motor activity, increased immobility time in both FST and TST, decreased climbing and swimming behaviour in FST and did not alter other parameters. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethonolic extract showed the presence of saponins, steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates and tannins.
Results of the present study indicated that the alcoholic extract may have active constituents with CNS depressant activity and at the given doses they are devoid of memory impairment and neurotoxicity
Design and Evaluation of Rectal Suppositories of Carvedilol
Authors: Swamy P. V. , Farhana Laeeq , Shirsand S. B. , Ali Md.Younus , Patil Ashokgoud 
Published: August 2020

Carvedilol (non-cardio selective b-blocker) is an antihypertensive used in management of hypertension, angina pectoris and heart failure. But its oral bioavailability is about 25-35% only due to significant degree of first pass metabolism. It has gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, gastric pain and irritation. Hence, rectal suppositories of carvedilol were developed by using different water-soluble polymeric bases like gelatin and agar-agar using propylene glycol as plasticizer. The gelatin suppositories were disintegrating/dissolving type while gelatin–agar based suppositories were non-disintegrating/non-melting. All the formulations were evaluated for various physical parameters like weight variation, drug content uniformity, liquefaction time, micro-melting range, in vitro dissolution, short-term stability and drug-excipient interaction (FTIR). The mechanism of drug release was diffusion controlled and follows first order kinetics in majority of cases. The results suggested that when gelatin is replaced up to 25% w/w with agar, liquefaction time and drug release were not appreciably affected; higher proportions of agar exhibited incomplete and slow release. Stability studies conducted at 25±3º C and 60±5% relative humidity for three months indicated that the formulations were stable in the drug-content and in vitro drug release rate (p<0.05).
Poems About The Youth Of Sahibkiran Amir Temur
Authors: Ergashev Abdiolim 
Published: August 2020

The historical era of Kashkadarya-Surkhandarya has existed since ancient times. In particular, poems about Amir Temur and Babur are widely spread.
Until now, some of the Bakhshi living in this territory have been written and published, such historical epics as" Oichinar", "About Babur", "Birth of Sahibkiran", "Birth and youth of Amir Temur", " Temur and Boyazid", "Great Amir Temur", " Ahmad Yassavi", " Alisher Navoi", "Makhtumkuli".
We wrote and published an epic about the birth and childhood of Amir Temur "the birth of Sahibkiron" from Ruzi Bakhshi Kulturaev, an epic "the birth and youth of Amir Temur" from Chori Bakhshi Umirov.
If both epics concerned the birth of the historical person Amir Temur, his childhood, then widely known fantastic inventions, epic sponsors, characteristic of traditional epics, as well as the image of mythological evil forces.
First of all, when it became known about the birth of Amir Temur, evil forces, ill-wishers in different kingdoms are trying to destroy him both before and after birth. But no matter how hard they try, epic sponsors, holy spirits, teachers are not enough because of their desire to help Temur and mother Teginabegim.
Since Amir Temur's father Taragai Bakhadir went on a long battle journey, he lives with his mother Teginabegim in Amir Chaku's house.
Temur grows from childhood strong, energetic, smart. Since childhood, he captivates the minds of children with various national games. Increased is strength. The poem reflects how he lived through his childhood.
In the Poems about the birth and youth of Amir Temur, the life, successes of that time, and the way of life of the people are well covered. Along with the names of such historical figures and places as Amir Temur and his saints, father, mother, Amir Chaku, Bayonkulikhan Bukhara, Kesh, Zanjisaray in the epic, there are a number of fantastic images.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEINGINAN KONSUMEN PADA BENGKEL WIJAYA TOYOTA
Authors: Suryopratomo Anggit 
Published: August 2020

This study addresses the complex problems in taking a decision to achieve corporate objectives, to improve the quality of consumer care services, as well as care services in accordance with the wishes of the customer in Workshop Wijaya Toyota (PT Wijaya Motor Lestari) in partnership with PT Astra International Tbk. This research is descriptive, assigning a sample of 100 customers. Data were processed in the qualitative methods using Quality Function Deployment and the result was displayed in a matrix House of Quality. The results show that strategies the workshop Wijaya Toyota applies to improving the quality of services are: the waiting room and toilet cleanliness, promoting warranty repair workshop, ensuring the accuracy of completion time of maintenance, speed of completion of the work, maintenance appropriate to their complaints, garage attendant explanation of maintenance, stock availability of original spare parts, direct workshop personnel explanation at the time of submission, garage attendant explanation upon delivery, transparent overall cost to be paid, reasonableness price of original parts, friendliness and courtesy officer spare parts, and workshop personnel direct contact.