bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in superficial microvasculature in glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer defects after disc hemorrhage
Authors: Okamoto Yoko , Akagi Tadamichi , Suda Kenji , Kameda Takanori , Miyake Masahiro , Ikeda Hanako Ohashi , Nakano Eri , Uji Akihito , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy, possibly involving vascular dysfunction, leading to the death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Disc hemorrhage (DH) is known to be closely associated with the widening of retinal nerve fiber layer defect (NFLD); however, it has not been well elucidated how DH affects retinal microvasculature. We aimed to investigate the association between DH history and longitudinal changes in superficial retinal microvasculature in NFLD. We enrolled 15 glaucoma patients with DH history (32 glaucomatous NFLD locations, with or without DH history). NFLD-angle, superficial retinal vessel density (VD), and decreased superficial retinal microvasculature (deMv)-angle were assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography for at least three times over time. The mean follow-up period and OCT/OCTA scan interval were 21.3 ± 5.4 months (range, 12–28) and 6.8 ± 0.4 months (range, 2–18), respectively. Linear mixed-effects models showed that the presence of DH history was significantly associated with an additional NFLD-angle widening of 2.19 degree/year (P = 0.030), VD decrease of 1.88%/year (P = 0.015), and deMv-angle widening of 3.78 degree/year (P < 0.001). These changes were significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.001). Thus, the widening of NFLD was closely associated with deMv, and DH was associated with a subsequent decrease in superficial retinal microvasculature in NFLD.
Picophytoplankton dynamics in a large temperate estuary and impacts of extreme storm events
Authors: Paerl Ryan W. , Venezia Rebecca E. , Sanchez Joel J. , Paerl Hans W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPicophytoplankton (PicoP) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass in coastal and estuarine systems. Remarkably though, PicoP composition is unknown or not well-resolved in several large estuaries including the semi-lagoonal Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a tributary of the second largest estuary-system in the lower USA, the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound. The NRE is impacted by extreme weather events, including recent increases in precipitation and flooding associated with tropical cyclones. Here we examined the impacts of moderate to extreme (Hurricane Florence, September 2018) precipitation events on NRE PicoP abundances and composition using flow cytometry, over a 1.5 year period. Phycocyanin-richSynechococcus-like cells were the most dominant PicoP, reaching ~ 106cells mL−1, which highlights their importance as key primary producers in this relatively long residence-time estuary. Ephemeral “blooms” of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (PEUK) during spring and after spikes in river flow were also detected, making PEUK periodically major contributors to PicoP biomass (up to ~ 80%). About half of the variation in PicoP abundance was explained by measured environmental variables. Temperature explained the most variation (24.5%). Change in total dissolved nitrogen concentration, an indication of increased river discharge, explained the second-most variation in PicoP abundance (15.9%). The short-term impacts of extreme river discharge from Hurricane Florence were particularly evident as PicoP biomass was reduced by ~ 100-fold for more than 2 weeks. We conclude that precipitation is a highly influential factor on estuarine PicoP biomass and composition, and show how ‘wetter’ future climate conditions will have ecosystem impacts down to the smallest of phytoplankton.
A preliminary study of bowel rest strategy in the management of Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Yoshihara Ayaka , Yamamoto Takao , Sugimoto Keisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an important nosocomial infection and is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. We aimed to assess the effect of bowel rest on the management of CDI. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. The primary outcome was the composite of the all-cause mortality and CDI recurrence within 30 days. The main secondary outcome was switching from metronidazole to vancomycin. Of the 91 patients with CDI enrolled as the full cohort, 63 patients (69%) and 28 patients (31%) constituted the control group and the bowel rest group, respectively. After one-to-one propensity score matching, a total of 46 patients were included as the matched cohort. In the full cohort, the composite outcome occurred in 19.0% and 14.3% of the patients in the control and the bowel rest group, respectively (p = 0.768). In the matched cohort, it was 17.4% in each group. Although there was no statistically significant difference, the trend of switching was lower in the bowel rest group. The bowel rest may not affect the all-cause mortality and CDI recurrence within 30 days. However, in those prescribed bowel rest, switching from metronidazole to vancomycin may reduce.
Beyond the Bottle: Interdisciplinary Cleft Feeding Care
Authors: Madhoun Lauren L. , Merrell Laura C. , Smith Amanda , Snow Emily , Cherosky Kristen M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The importance of individualized and comprehensive pediatric feeding management is well recognized. This type of care is especially important for children with complex medical diagnoses, such as craniofacial anomalies. While feeding therapists are often key to improving feeding outcomes, other essential members are required to comprehensively provide for the unique needs of these infants.
Described here is an example of the structure and function of an interdisciplinary cleft feeding team, which serves patients throughout their infancy and childhood. The role of each member is discussed as well as how each provider works in conjunction with others. Communication and collaboration between these specialists is of utmost importance to care for both the infant and family.
It is important for speech-language pathologists to recognize the feeding needs of children with cleft lip and/or palate and be aware of the roles of various team members on cleft feeding teams available to address any feeding challenges that may arise.

Conclusions
A comprehensive team is often necessary to meet the feeding needs of children with cleft lip and/or palate and their families. This team works collaboratively together to develop appropriate feeding plans through infancy and childhood.
Composite control with observer for switched stochastic systems subject to multiple disturbances and input saturation
Authors: Wei Yunliang , Liu Guo‐Ping , Yang Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the composite hierarchical anti‐disturbance control problem for switched systems with saturating inputs, in which the multiple disturbances including normal‐bounded disturbances, white noises and nonlinear uncertainties are considered. According to whether the states of the system be available or not, two types of disturbance observers and a state observer are designed, respectively. With the values of the observers, the observer‐based composite controllers are constructed accordingly, under which an uniform form of the closed‐loop system is presented. By utilising the minimum dwell‐time technique and stochastic control theory, a new criterion of the mean‐square exponential stability is presented for the closed‐loop system with a weighted performance level. The design conditions of the observers for the disturbances generated by exosystem and states of the system are proposed by propositions, respectively. Based on the gains of the observers, the solvable synthesis conditions of the composite controllers are presented for the cases of the available and unavailable states of the system. The simulations of GE‐90 aero‐engine model and a numerical example are employed to verify the applicability of the obtained results.
Neural network‐based optimal tracking control for partially unknown discrete‐time non‐linear systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhao Jingang , Vishal Prateek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOtimal tracking control of discrete‐time non‐linear systems is investigated in this paper. The system drift dynamics is unknown in this investigation. Firstly, in the light of the discrete‐time non‐linear systems and reference signal, an augmented system is constructed. Optimal tracking control problem of original non‐linear systems is thus transformed into solving optimal regulation problem of the augmented systems. The solution to optimal regulation problem can be found by solving its Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. To solve the HJB equation, a new critic‐actor neural network (NN) structure‐based online reinforcement learning (RL) scheme is proposed to learn the solution of HJB equation while the corresponding optimal control input that minimizes the HJB equation is calculated in a forward‐in‐time manner without requiring any value, policy iterations and the system drift dynamics. The Uniformly Ultimately Boundedness (UUB) of NN weight errors and closed‐loop augmented system states are provided via the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the proposed scheme.
Multi‐objective locating of electric vehicle charging stations considering travel comfort in urban transportation system
Authors: Tadayon‐Roody Pooya , Ramezani Maryam , Falaghi Hamid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental concerns of using fossil fuel vehicles and recent developments in electric vehicle (EV) technology have attracted the attention of the international community to use EVs. A design strategy is proposed by simultaneously considering a distribution network and an urban transportation network, that maximises drivers’ travel comfort in urban trips and reduces costs of both charging station (CS) installation and losses. The proposed strategy meets various constraints such as, properly locating CSs in the city, considering traffic volume, taking the shortest route, reducing charging waiting time, limits of bus voltages, power balance, the permissible loading of lines. The travel comfort index corresponds to a situation in which the driver does not experience a depleted battery and successfully finish the trip. Since the movement of vehicles over the course of a day does not follow any particular pattern, unscented transformation is used to investigate the uncertainty in different probabilistic parameters of EVs. Moreover, by clustering the locations of EVs, the optimal locations of EV CSs are determined over the course of the day (in several time steps) using a multi‐objective function based on a GA. The simulation results of the sample urban transportation and distribution networks confirm the efficacy of the proposed method.
Overcurrent protection based on ANNs for smart distribution networks with grid‐connected VSIs
Authors: Bakkar Mostafa , Bogarra S. , Córcoles F. , Iglesias J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, the global concern for protection coordination is growing with the impact of distributed generators connected to medium voltage distribution system. Effective protection strategies need to be developed in order to avoid undesirable tripping when distributed generators based on Voltage Source Inverters are connected to the medium voltage grid. According to Spanish grid code requirements, the inverter controller response in this paper is assessed under grid faults integrating low voltage ride through capabilities. This paper presents a novel use of a communication‐based directional relay system with artificial neural network, an appropriate option for smart grids protection. A protection strategy is proposed using two algorithms. The first algorithm is based on gathering data of all the protective devices in the grid and send it to a centralized controller. The second algorithm is based on a zone controller using the communication between the peer protection devices in the same line. One of the main advantages of the zone controller is that no need to modify the protection devices setting in case of temporary grid reconfigurations. The behaviour of the protection algorithms is validated through both simulations in MATLAB‐Simulink and experimental results.
A generalized method for scattering from wide cavities with specified wave functions
Authors: Bozorgi Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study developed a generalized solution based on modal expansion for scattering by large cavities with known wave functions placed in an infinite perfect electric plane. Under the assumption of a large cavity, to reduce simulation time and simplify expressions, the half‐space above cavity with a strong singular Green's function is substituted by an arbitrary semi‐waveguide. The fields inside the cavity are expanded by the semi‐waveguide eigenfunctions. The corresponding modes are matched to create a system of linear equations for unknown expansion coefficients. To demonstrate the validity and ability of this method, it is applied to several grooves with different shapes (triangular, circular, and elliptical grooves) and then their scattering signatures are compared with each other. The results are also verified by the results obtained by the method of moment. The measured simulation time for both methods shows that this scheme can be an appropriate candidate for analysing the scattered fields by large cavities.
Von der heiligen Quelle zum Heilbad von heute
Authors: Bauer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWasser und Quellen werden seit Jahrtausenden in verschiedenen Kulturen für vielfältige Rituale, Bräuche oder Therapien verwendet. Die Verehrung von Quellen ist seit der Altsteinzeit bekannt und besteht teilweise bis heute, zum Beispiel werden einige Quellorte nach wie vor als heilig angesehen. Thermalbäder als Orte der Erholung und Behandlung haben ihren Ursprung im römischen Reich – bis in unsere Zeit hat sich diese Tradition weitergetragen.
Vorsicht beim Import schamanischer Heilmethoden!
Authors: Schlichting Michael 
Published: December 2020

Summary„Das zunehmende Unbehagen in unserer Gesellschaft gegenüber Konzepten und Behandlungsmethoden des wissenschaftlich-medizinischen Establishments führt unter Patienten zu einer seit Jahren steigenden Nachfrage nach alternativen Heilverfahren und veranlasst einige Therapeutenkreise zu entsprechenden Angeboten, wobei teils auch explizit schamanische Behandlungsansätze angepriesen werden“, beobachtet Dr. med. Michael Schlichting. Doch welche Risiken verbergen sich hinter dem Import von indigenen Heiltechniken, herausgelöst aus ihrem kulturellen und rituellen Kontext? Dieser zentralen Frage gehen er und die Interviewerin Dr. Claudia Müller-Ebeling nach.
Diversity-Oriented Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Some Piperidine- and Azepane-Based Fluorine-Containing β-Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Nonn Melinda , Kara Dominika , Ouchakour Lamiaa , Forró Enikő , Haukka Matti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructural diversity-oriented synthesis of some azaheterocyclic β-amino acid derivatives has been accomplished by selective functionalization of readily available cyclodienes. The stereocontrolled synthetic concept was based on the oxidative ring cleavage of unsaturated cyclic β-amino acids derived from cycloalkadiene, followed by ring closing with double reductive amination, which furnished some conformationally restricted β-amino acid derivatives with a piperidine or azepane core.
The Acoustic Transparency of Waterproof Smartphone Cases
Authors: Fray Sarah M. , Thibodeau Linda M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhone use is a critical communication event in many people's lives. Audiologists have aimed to assist individuals with hearing loss and phone usage through the use of technology and counseling. To counsel effectively, all contributions to hearing difficulty on the phone must be considered, including the effects of smartphone cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on dB output caused by waterproof smartphone cases that cover the ear-level speaker. One waterproof case was tested with three smartphones, two iPhones, and one Android. A second waterproof case was tested with the two iPhones. Results revealed there was significant attenuation of the audio-signal by both waterproof smartphone cases that was great enough in one case/phone combination to potentially result in a complete lack of intelligibility of the signal.
Robots, labor markets, and universal basic income
Authors: Cabrales Antonio , Hernández Penélope , Sánchez Angel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomation is a big concern in modern societies in view of its widespread impact on many socioeconomic issues including income, jobs, and productivity. While previous studies have concentrated on determining the effects on jobs and salaries, our aim is to understand how automation affects productivity, and how some policies, such as taxes on robots or universal basic income, moderate or aggravate those effects. To this end, we have designed an experiment where workers make productive effort decisions, and managers can choose between workers and robots to do these tasks. In our baseline treatment, we measure the effort made by workers who may be replaced by robots, and also elicit firm replacement decisions. Subsequently, we carry out treatments in which workers have a universal basic income of about a fifth of the workers’ median wages, or where there is a tax levy on firms who replace workers by robots. We complete the picture of the impact of automation by looking into the coexistence of workers and robots with part-time jobs. We find that the threat of a robot substitution does not affect the amount of effort exerted by workers. Also, neither universal basic income nor a tax on robots decrease workers’ effort. We observe that the robot substitution tax reduces the probability of worker substitution. Finally, workers that benefit from managerial decisions to not substitute them by more productive robots do not increase their effort level. Our conclusions shed light on the interplay of policy and workers behavior under pervasive automation.
Redox flow batteries: role in modern electric power industry and comparative characteristics of the main types
Authors: Petrov Mikhail M. , Modestov Alexander D. , Konev Dmitriy V. , Antipov Anatoly E. , Loktionov Pavel A. , Pichugov Roman D. , Kartashova Natalya V. , Glazkov Artem T. , Abunaeva Lilia Z. , Andreev Vladimir N. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. 
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the key principles of the electric power industry have radically changed and the number of studies on the development of devices for electrical energy storage in a different form such as mechanical or chemical energy has rapidly increased. This review gives a brief description of these devices. The attention is focused on redox flow batteries (RFBs), a promising type of energy storage devices capable of efficiently operating in distributed power grids, in order to eliminate the imbalance between the time-varying electricity production by ‘unconventional sources’ and electricity consumption. At the design level, RFBs combine the principles of fuel cells and chemical energy sources with solid electroactive materials: transitions between electrical and chemical forms of energy in these devices occur upon oxidation and reduction of redox-active electrolytes, which are stored in separate tanks and pumped into the electrode compartments of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) separated by a semi-permeable membrane. This approach ensures an important advantage of these devices over other types of chemical energy sources, that is, the possibility of independent scaling of the energy storage capacity and power characteristics of the system. This review provides a systematic description of the main types of RFBs and analysis of their fundamental benefits and drawbacks, which determine the prospects for practical applications of RFBs.
The bibliography includes 149 references.
Global tree-ring analysis reveals rapid decrease in tropical tree longevity with temperature
Authors: Locosselli Giuliano Maselli , Brienen Roel J. W. , Leite Melina de Souza , Gloor Manuel , Krottenthaler Stefan , Oliveira Alexandre A. de , Barichivich Jonathan , Anhuf Dieter , Ceccantini Gregorio , Schöngart Jochen , Buckeridge Marcos 
Published: December 2020

Significance
This study highlights previously unknown patterns of tree longevity and growth across the world. Tree-ring data reveal a large-scale trade-off between tree longevity and growth, following global patterns of increasing forest productivity and biomass turnover rate from temperate to tropical regions. The oldest known trees live under dry conditions in temperate and boreal zones, while in the dry tropical lowlands, trees only reach relatively short lifespans. Longevity of tropical trees also sharply decreases above mean annual temperatures of 25.4 °C. Thus, predicted future changes in moisture availability and increases in temperature have the potential to reduce tree longevity in tropical lowlands impacting carbon stocks.
Efficient photoactivatable Dre recombinase for cell type-specific spatiotemporal control of genome engineering in the mouse
Authors: Li Huiying , Zhang Qiansen , Gu Yiran , Wu Yingyin , Wang Yamei , Wang Liren , Feng Shijie , Hu Yaqiang , Zheng Yansen , Li Yongmei , Ye Haifeng , Zhou Bin , Lin Longnian , Liu Mingyao , Yang Huaiyu , Li Dali 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Precisely defining specific cell types is critical but challenging for biological studies. Site-specific tyrosine-recombinase Cre and its inducible variants have been widely used in efficient genetic engineering. However, a single recombinase system has technical hurdles. Here, a photoactivatable Dre (PA-Dre) recombinase is developed by tethering split Dre fragments to the light-inducible Magnets system. PA-Dre is efficient and stringently controlled in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, with the creation of the Cre-activated light-inducible Dre system, it is able to achieve bulk or sparse labeling of specific neurons in a spatiotemporal manner. This flexible and tunable system could be adapted to a wide range of biological systems for the modulation of developmental and genetic complexity.
Identification of Z nucleotides as an ancient signal for two-component system activation in bacteria
Authors: Vázquez-Ciros Oscar J. , Alvarez Adrián F. , Georgellis Dimitris 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Bacterial two-component system signaling circuits (TCSs), comprising sensor histidine kinase (HK) and response regulator (RR) proteins, regulate numerous cellular processes in response to environmental or metabolic cues. Phosphorylation, and thereby activation, of RRs is promoted by their cognate HKs but also by low molecular weight phosphodonors. Here, we report that the purine and histidine biosynthetic intermediates ZMP (AICAR) and/or ZTP act as direct phosphodonors to a wide range of RRs in vivo, thereby modulating the activity of many TCS pathways without the necessity of intervention of an HK. The attainment of this reaction confers an additional function for these ancient molecules to serve as global regulators for gene expression.