bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RETENTION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AS A NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TWO OF GADAH AS-SAMMAN’S NOVELS: POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mahmudah  , Sangidu  , Munawwar Manshur Fadlil 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity by Lebanon nationalists who live as exiles outside European countries in two of her novels, Lailatul-Milyār and Sahrah Tanakkuriyyah Lil-Mautā. As a product of fiction from a colonized country, both stories represent postcolonial discourses, showing the effect of colonialism, while also voicing resistance to colonialism. Methodology: The research materials or material objects in this article are two of as-Sammān’s novels. Data sources were grouped in primary data, which is the two of Sammān’s novels, and secondary data, which is various references that support analysis, including books, journals, blogs, and other relevant sources in academic studies. Deconstruction is a textual strategy, which is utilized for analyzing the data in this study. No software tool is used. Main Findings: The Lebanese nationalists in Europe tried to maintain the use of the Arabic language as the first and foremost national identity for several reasons, including defending (1) the Arabness, (2) the membership in the national community, and (3) the nation and nationality. Implications/ Applications: This study highlights that resistance to colonialism can be done in various ways, both through violence and non-violence. In modern times, non-violent methods are frequently used. Among the non-violent ways is to fight for the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity so that to maintain it means to maintain Arabism, the membership of the nation’s community, and defend the nation and nationality of the Arabs. Novelty/Originality of this study: These findings highlight the struggle of the Lebanese nationalists in Europe; the younger generation who are trying to inherit Arabic must also struggle to learn it, both formal and informal, even against the mainstream. The results of persistence and perseverance in learning Arabic cannot be seen immediately, but a long time after that. The ability to speak Arabic, then, can foster a spirit of nationalism in the young Arab generation.
The Characteristics of Pesantren in the Development of Islamic Education in West Sumatra
Authors: Zulmuqim Zulmuqim , Zainimal Zainimal , Kustati Martin , Besral Besral , Refinaldi Refinaldi , Adriantoni Adriantoni 
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of pesantren in the development of Islamic education in West Sumatra. This region is well known for the early history of Islamic education in Indonesia. This is a qualitative study where the data were gathered through observation, interview, focus group discussion, and documentation in eleven pesantrens in the province of West Sumatra. This study reveals three main characters of the Islamic boarding schools, namely institutional system, curriculum and learning system and typology. Institutionally, Islamic boarding schools is under the auspices of a foundation. However, leadership and regeneration are still closely linked to the family of the pesantren founders. The curriculum and learning system are integrated from general/state school curriculum, classical pesantren curriculum, and modern Islamic school curriculum. Various classical-medieval literature in Islamic studies, commonly known as kitab kuning, are to a great extent also still used, especially in the institutions that only run traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren salaf).
Keywords: Characteristics, Islamic boarding schools, Islamic education
Inequalities and Deteriorations in Cardiovascular Health in Premenopausal US Women, 1990–2016
Authors: O’Neil Adrienne , Thompson Kelly , Russell Josephine D. , Norton Robyn 
Published: June 2020

Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the United States have declined by up to two thirds in recent decades. Closer examination of these trends reveals substantial inequities in the distribution of mortality benefits. It is worrying that the uneven distribution of CHD that exists from lowest to highest social class—the social gradient—has become more pronounced in the United States since 1990 and is most pronounced for women. Here we consider ways in which this trend disproportionately affects premenopausal women aged 35 to 54 years. We apply a social determinants of health framework focusing on intersecting axes of inequalities—notably gender, class, ethnicity, geographical location, access to wealth, and class—among other power relations to which young and middle-aged women are especially vulnerable, and we argue that increasing inequalities may be driving these unprecedented deteriorations. We conclude by discussing interventions and policies to target and alleviate inequality axes that have potential to promote greater equity in the distribution of CHD mortality and morbidity gains. The application of this framework in the context of women’s cardiovascular health can help shed light regarding why we are seeing persistently poorer outcomes for premenopausal US women.
Work Environment Factors and Prevention of Opioid-Related Deaths
Authors: Shaw William S. , Roelofs Cora , Punnett Laura 
Published: June 2020

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose deaths (OODs) are prevalent among US workers, but work-related factors have not received adequate attention as either risk factors or opportunities for OOD prevention. Higher prevalence of OOD in those with heavy physical jobs, more precarious work, and limited health care benefits suggest work environment and organizational factors may predispose workers to the development of OUD.Organizational policies that reduce ergonomic risk factors, respond effectively to employee health and safety concerns, provide access to nonpharmacologic pain management, and encourage early substance use treatment are important opportunities to improve outcomes. Organizational barriers can limit disclosure of pain and help-seeking behavior, and opioid education is not effectively integrated with workplace safety training and health promotion programs.Policy development at the employer, government, and association levels could improve the workplace response to workers with OUD and reduce occupational risks that may be contributing factors.
Dissemination of Information About Climate Change by State and Local Public Health Departments: United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Albright Karen , Shah Pari , Santodomingo Melodie , Scandlyn Jean 
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To determine if and how state and local public health departments present information about climate change on their Web sites, their most public-facing platform. Methods. We collected data from every functioning state (n = 50), county (n = 2090), and city (n = 585) public health department Web site in the United States in 2019 and 2020. We analyzed data for presence and type of climate-related content and to determine whether there existed clear ways to find climate change information. We analyzed Web sites providing original content about climate change for explanatory or attributional language. Results. Fewer than half (40%) of state health department Web sites, and only 1.6% of county and 3.9% of city Web sites, provided clear ways to find climate change information, whether through provision of original content or links to external agencies’ Web sites. Among Web sites providing original content, 48% provided no explanation of climate change causes. Conclusions. National and global public health associations have identified climate change as a public health emergency, but most state and local public health departments are not delivering that message. These departments must be better supported to facilitate dissemination of reliable, scientific information about climate change and its effects on health.
Nonrelocatable Occupations at Increased Risk During Pandemics: United States, 2018
Authors: Baker Marissa G. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To characterize which occupations in the United States could likely work from home during a pandemic such as COVID-19.Methods. I merged 2018 US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national employment and wage data with measures ranking the importance of computer use at work and the importance of working with or performing for the public from the BLS O*NET survey.Results. Approximately 25% (35.6 million) of US workers are employed in occupations (such as technology, administrative, financial, and engineering) that could be done from home; the remaining 75% work in occupations (including health care, manufacturing, retail, and food services) that are challenging to do from home.Conclusions. Most US workers are employed in occupations that cannot be done at home, putting 108.4 million workers at increased risk for adverse health outcomes related to working during a pandemic. These workers tend to be lower paid. The stress experienced by lower-income groups, coupled with job insecurity, could result in a large burden of mental health disorders in the United States in addition to increased cases of COVID-19 from workplace transmission.
Multiscale-Network Structure Inversion of Fractured Media Based on a Hierarchical-Parameterization and Data-Driven Evolutionary-Optimization Method
Authors: Ma Xiaopeng , Zhang Kai , Yao Chuanjin , Zhang Liming , Wang Jian , Yang Yongfei , Yao Jun 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Efficient identification and characterization of fracture networks are crucial for the exploitation of fractured media such as naturally fractured reservoirs. Using the information obtained from borehole logs, core images, and outcrops, fracture geometries can be roughly estimated. However, this estimation always has uncertainty, which can be decreased using inverse modeling. Following the Bayes framework, a common practice for inverse modeling is to sample from the posterior distribution of uncertain parameters, given the observational data. However, a challenge for fractured reservoirs is that the fractures often occur on different scales, and these fractures form an irregular network structure that is difficult to model and predict. In this work, a multiscale-parameterization method is developed to model the fracture network. Based on this parameterization method, we present a novel history-matching approach using a data-driven evolutionary algorithm to explore the Bayesian posterior space and decrease the uncertainties of the model parameters. Empirical studies on hypothetical and outcrop-based cases demonstrate that the proposed method can model and estimate the complex multiscale-fracture network on a limited computational budget.
The Impact of Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination on Nosocomial Influenza in a Tertiary Hospital: An Ecological Study
Authors: Wei Wycliffe Enli , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Chen Wen Kai , Chlebicki Maciej Piotr , Gan Wee Hoe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:To protect hospitalized patients who are more susceptible to complications of influenza, seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) has been recommended internationally. However, its effectiveness is still being debated. To assess the effectiveness of HCW influenza vaccination, we performed an ecological study to evaluate the association between healthcare worker influenza vaccination and the incidence of nosocomial influenza in a tertiary hospital within Singapore between 2013-2018.Methods:Nosocomial influenza was defined by influenza among inpatients diagnosed 7 days or more post-admission by laboratory testing, while healthcare worker influenza vaccination rate was defined as the proportion of healthcare workers that was vaccinated at the end of each annual seasonal vaccination exercise. A modified Poisson regression was performed to assess the association between the HCW vaccination rates and monthly nosocomial influenza incidence rates.Results:Nosocomial influenza incidence rates followed the trend of non-nosocomial influenza, showing a predominant mid-year peak. Across 2,480,010 patient-days, there were 256 nosocomial influenza cases (1.03 per 10,000 patient-days). Controlling for background influenza activity and the number of influenza tests performed, no statistically significant association was observed between vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza incidence rate although a protective effect was suggested (IRR 0.89, 95%CI:0.69-1.15,p=0.37).Conclusion:No significant association was observed between influenza vaccination rates and nosocomial influenza incidence rates, although a protective effect was suggested. Aligning local HCW vaccine timing and formulation to that of the Southern Hemisphere may improve effectiveness. HCW vaccination remains important but demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing nosocomial influenza is challenging.
Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Feng Xiyu , Deng Chao , Liu Lu , Zeng Yanping , Hu Changhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BackgroundPrescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O+S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks.ResultsOlanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O+S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but without significant effects on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O+S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. Pronounced activation of lipogenic gene expression in the liver and down-regulated expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was observed in the olanzapine-only group. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O+B.ConclusionsSimvastatin is effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine. Modulation of BAT activity by statins could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.
Protocol for Reducing COVID-19 Transmission Risk in EEG Research
Authors: Simmons Aaron M. , Luck Steven J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings provide a valuable, noninvasive method for measuring human brain activity. This protocol modifies our general protocol for EEG recording (Farrens et al., 2019) for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was created with the help of numerous experts, and it specifies a clear set of steps for interacting with research participants, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and disinfecting equipment, all with the goal of reducing the COVID-19 risks for both laboratory personnel and participants. It focuses on the use of EEG in relatively simple research studies of adults who can easily understand and follow instructions, yet can be readily adapted for studies using other types of EEG experiments or other participant populations.
Interventional Effects of DHA on Behavioral Memory Impairment Caused by Repeated Anesthesia of Sevoflurane in Aged Rats
Authors: Tian Ming , Li Kezhong , Zhao Xiaoling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: The current study aimed to explore the effects of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the behavioral memory impairment induced by repeated anesthesia of sevoflurane in aged rats. Methods: A total of 45 Sprague‑Dawley (SD) aged rats were randomly divided into five groups: Blank control group (Control), sevoflurane group (Model), low-dose DHA group (L-DHA; 0.3g/kg), medium-dose DHA group (M-DHA; 1g/kg) and high-dose DHA group (H-DNA; 3g/kg). Morris water maze experiment was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe histological changes in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of the Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2(Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Results: Rats were indicated to exhibit prolonged escape latency following sevoflurane anesthesia. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay were also demonstrated to be significantly reduced. Rats treated with different doses of DHA were revealed to exhibit reduced escape latency. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay increased. Histopathological examination indicated that DHA attenuated the brain function of the rats that were repeatedly anesthetized using sevoflurane. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were demonstrated to be significantly increased. Conclusions: The present study revealed that DHA has a protective effect on learning and memory impairment in aged rats induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, and the mechanism may be associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
C-Phycocyanin derived from Spirulina maxima attenuates the symptoms of psoriasis in mouse models
Authors: Jun Sang Yoon , Jang Jin Young , Yoon Su Jin , Park JongHo , Cho Yun Ji , Shin Hwa Sung , Yang Yun Jung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. The efficacy of c-phycocyanin, a photosynthetic pigment isolated from Spirulina maxima, was assessed via histological examinations, and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated in mouse models of imiquimod-induced psoriasis (BALB/C-nu and BALB/C).Result: C-Phycocyanin lowered epidermal thickening, as well as immune cell clustering in the dermis. Furthermore, C-phycocyanin modulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1b) in the BALB/C-nu mouse model and psoriasis-related cytokines (IL-17a, interferon-gamma, calcitonin gene-related peptide) in BALB/c mice.Conclusion: We show that C-Phycocyanin could be developed as a natural pharmaceutical against psoriasis.
Early prediction for severe COVID-19 with hypertension and intervention
Authors: Peng Denggao , Gao Yanzhang , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Huan , Tang Anjue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

To identify the early predictors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with hypertension,explore antihypertensive drugs with potential therapeutic effects, and provide a basis for clinical prediction and treatment decisions.
Method:

A retrospective study was performed on all included cases.
Results

A total of 68 COVID-19 patients with hypertension were included,27 (39.7%) was severe and 41 (60.3%) was non-severe. Between the non-severe group (n = 41) and the severe group (n = 27),number of elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and abnormal renal function,and albumin,lactate dehydrogenase,ultrasensitive troponin I,PH Value,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,sodium,osmotic pressure (OP),blood sugar (BS) and oxygenation index (OI) are significantly different.While age, male gender,comorbidities with diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,smoking history,number of abnormal liver function,heart rate,respiratory rate, blood pressure,white blood cell count,hematocrit,potassium and lactic acid are statistically insignificant.Four independent predictors of BNP (P = .026),OP (P = .004),BS (P = .017) and OI (P = .001) are obtained through multivariate binary logistic regression model.The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of model is 0.904 ([95%CI] [0.832–0.976];P = .000),with excellent performance.Compared with blank control group (n = 27) and other antihypertensive drugs group (n = 20),OP ([287.3 ± 5.7] vs [283.5 ± 6.1];P = .045) ([287.3 ± 5.7] vs [281.9 ± 5.4];P = .007) in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitors group (n = 21) have increased significantly.Compared with controlled blood pressure group (n = 30),OP ([285.7 ± 6.2] vs [282.2 ± 5.2];P = .012) of uncontrolled group (n = 38) increased significantly.
Conclusion

Decreased OP and OI, increased BNP and BS are early predictors for severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension.For poorly controlled blood pressure,targeting RAS and OP,early use of RAS inhibitors or combination with loop diuretics may be an effective treatment.
Vascular endothelial growth factor +936C/T and -634G/C polymorphisms exhibited significantly different allelic distributions and no associations with the risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension or gestational diabetes mellitus in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Xue Shuyuan , Ding Guifeng , Chen Chao , Ma JiaYu , Zhang Xinwen , Hua Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:

The relationships between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) + 936C/T and − 634C/G gene polymorphisms and certain diseases have been widely reported. According to reported data, there may be geographical and/or ethnic differences in VEGF + 936C/T and − 634C/G allele frequencies. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region in China in which the distributions of the + 936C/T and − 634C/G allele frequencies in various ethnic groups and their correlations with common complications during pregnancy (preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)) have not been studied.
Methods:

A total of 2161 women (1551 controls with normal pregnancy, 232 patients with PE, 59 patients with GH and 319 patients with GDM) were recruited for this study. Sanger sequencing was used to screen VEGF + 936C/T and − 634C/G genotypes. The Pearson chi-square test was used to test the associations between diseases and + 936C/T and − 634C/G polymorphisms.
Results:

We investigated the distributions of VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C allele frequencies in healthy pregnant women in different regions of the world and found significant differences. Our data showed that the distributions of + 936C/T and − 634G/C allele frequencies between healthy Han and Uygur women in the Xinjiang area were significantly different. We found that VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms were not correlated with mild PE (mPE), severe PE (sPE), GH or GDM. Ethnic subgroup analysis revealed that the + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms in the Han, Uygur and Hui populations were also not related to PE, GH or GDM.
Conclusions:

The results showed that VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms had significant regional and ethnic distribution differences. In Xinjiang, VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms do not confer susceptibility to PE, GH or GDM.