bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Phosphate Composition of Stock Food Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Bernhart D N , Chess W B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed to determine the phosphate composition of commercial stock food grade calcium phosphates with an over-all accuracy of ± 2% absolute. It is based on the EDTA solubility of all the o-phosphates, water-solubility of monocalcium phosphate, thermal conversion of dicalcium phosphate to pyrophosphate, and thermal stability of tricalcium phosphate. Results are given for both known and commercial samples.
A More Accurate Method for Determination of Caffeine in Decaffeinated Coffee
Authors: Yeransian J A , Kadin H , Borker E , Stefanucci A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interfering, non-caffeine, nitrogen-containing material has been found in the final micro Bailey-Andrew extract of caffeine in decaffeinated coffee. This material has been identified as a polypeptide or polypetides with proline, leucine, and valine the predominant amino acids. These interfering materials tend to give high results when decaffeinated coffees are analyzed by the micro Bailey-Andrew procedure. A new chromatographic method, utilizing acid-Celite and alumina columns for purification and UV determination of the caffeine, is described. This method gives a more accurate measure of the caffeine content than the micro Bailey-Andrew. It has been applied successfully to decaffeinated green, roasted, and instant coffees.
Historical AOAC Data on Four FEMA Samples of Vanilla Extracts
Authors: Wendt Arthur S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative studies were made using AOAC methods for alcohol, lead numbers, resins, and vanillin on one genuine pure single fold vanilla extract and three prepared adulterated extracts. It is shown that these classical methods for the analysis of vanilla extract are not adequate to detect a well prepared adulterated vanilla extract.
Variation in Quantity of Methanol Recovered from Raisins
Authors: Brown M Alice , Woodward James R , DeEds Floyd 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The amount of naturally occurring methanol in fruit must be known so that the quantity left as fumigation residue can be determined. In a study of methanol content of raisins, which had given inconsistent results, the raisins were subjected to different conditions of treatment immediately prior to methanol determination. Conditions that favored pectin esterase activity gave higher values for methanol content than conditions known to inactivate enzymes. Evidence was also obtained that both chemical and enzymic hydrolysis of methyl ester groups of pectic materials occur during analysis.
Lemon Juice Composition. I. Characterization of California-Arizona Lemon Juice by Its Total Amino Acid and l-Malic Acid Content
Authors: Vandercook Carl E , Rolle Laurence A , Ikeda Robert M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The total amino acid and i-malic acid content of 61 samples of commercial California-Arizona lemon juice and lemon juice concentrates were studied. In characterizing these juices, relationships were observed between the natural citric acid content and the amounts of their total amino acids and l-malic acid. Total amino acids were determined by formol titration, while the l-malic acid was determined by measuring the optical rotation of a uranylmalate complex. Paper chromatograms of the individual amino acids are used to supplement these methods of analysis for characterizing lemon juice.
Lemon Juice Composition. II. Characterization of California-Arizona Lemon Juice by Its Polyphenols Content
Authors: Vandercook Carl E , Rolle Laurence A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The total polyphenolics content of 61 samples of California-Arizona lemon juice were determined by measuring their ultraviolet spectra in an alcoholic solution. In characterizing these juices, relationships were observed between total polyphenolics content and citric acid content. Paper chromatograms of the individual polyphenolics are used to supplement the spectral method.
Chick Edema Factor. III. Application of Microcoulometric Gas Chromatography to Detection of Chick Edema Factor in Fats or Fatty Acids
Authors: Firestone David , Ibrahim Walid , Horwitz William 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid screening test for detecting chick edema factor in fats consists of adsorption chromatography of extracted unsaponifiables on alumina, followed by analysis of specific fractions by a microcoulometric gas chromatograph which is sensitive only to halogens. This chromatographic method appears to be more sensitive than the chick bioassay.
Toxic fat yielded gas chromatographic peaks with retention times relative to aldrin of 5 or more. All samples which failed to reveal those chromatographic peaks have been shown to be nontoxic in the chick bioassay.
Comparison of Methods for Determination of Lysine in Cereals
Authors: Pomeranz Y , Miller B S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The lysine contents of 10 milled wheat products and cereal foods were determined by microbiological, enzymatic, two-dimensional paper chromatographic, and ion exchange chromatographic methods. The assay of lysine by two-dimensional paper chromatography produced very low results. The results from the microbiological method were comparable to those by the ion exchange method. The decarboxylase method consistently gave low results which averaged 82% of those obtained by the microbiological assay. Possible reasons for these low results are presented and discussed.
Bioassay of Chick Edema Factor—1962 Collaborative Study
Authors: Flick D F , Winbush James , Friedman Leo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The lower limits of sensitivity of the method by Douglass and Flick for the bioassay of the chick edema factor were more clearly delineated by studies this year in which toxic fatty material (TFM) was fed in duplicate trials at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g per 16 g cottonseed oil, USP. Nine laboratories collaborated in these studies. Results indicated that the following criteria to establish presence of chick edema factor is valid: "t" value exceeds + 1.3, the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the negative control group is 1.1460 or less, and the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the test group is 1.1461 or more.
Determination of Potassium in Tobacco
Authors: Ogg C L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
method for potassium in tobacco, based on extraction with 0.5N HCl and flame photometry of the extract, was evaluated by a collaborative test between 12 laboratories. Results indicate that more work on the method is needed. The coefficients of variation for the six samples increased as the per cent potassium increased. The distribution of values for the separate samples indicates that the flame photometry rather than the extraction procedure was responsible for the lack of good precision between laboratories on the samples high in potassium. Modifications are suggested for improving the method.
Elution Column Preparation of Leaf Sample for Flame Photometry. II. Determination of Calcium in Tobacco
Authors: Dobbins James T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simplified method of preparing tobacco samples for calcium determination was sought. Timed leachings of tobacco indicated that cation exchange phenomena operated in systems containing calcium, potassium, tobacco cellulose, and water. Affinities of the cations involved were such that hydrogen ion exchanged with calcium and displaced it into solution. An elutive treatment was developed, based on this property, whereby the readsorption of calcium could be successfully reduced. A radiation buffer technique of flame photometric examination eliminated the effect of potassium interference on calcium determination, allowing calcium and potassium to be run on the same eluate when treated as follows: Tobacco is mixed with acid-washed Celite 545, topped with pure acid-washed Celite 545, and eluted with 3N HCl. The eluate is made to 1000 ml and a portion is withdrawn and compared against standards containing the equivalent amount of acid for potassium determination. A 50 ml aliquot of eluate is then made to 100 ml with sufficient potassium of any convenient concentration, such as 15 ml of 2000 ppm potassium, so as to yield a final solution containing 300 ppm K. Calcium is compared to similarly prepared flame photometry standards.
Petroleum Ether Extractables in Tobacco
Authors: Wickham J E , Blackmore R H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eleven collaborators participated in a study of two methods for the determination of the petroleum ether extractables in tobacco: Method I, a Soxhlet extraction of a 1 g, finely-ground tobacco sample for 3 hours; Method II, a Goldfisch extraction of a 1 g, finelyground tobacco sample for 8 hours. The petroleum ether extract was evaporated on a steam bath until the ether odor disappeared, and the residues were dried in a forced draft oven for 1 hour at 100 ± 1° C. Samples were cooled in a desiccator containing anhydrous CaCl2 before weighing the petroleum ether extractables. Good reproducibility was obtained for both methods on duplicate analyses within laboratories. However, the precision between laboratories was not as good as that within laboratories.
Comparison of Chemical and Microbiological Methods for the Determination of Procaine Penicillin in Premixes and Mixed Feeds
Authors: Katz Stanley E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A chemical and a microbiological method of analysis for procaine penicillin in premixes and mixed feeds have been compared. The microbiological assay method was a typical cylinderplate assay procedure. The chemical method was based upon the conversion by base of penicillins to penicilloic acids. In the eight premixes studied, the chemical-to-microbiological ratio of results varied from 0.92 to 1.17. In four mixed feeds, the ratio varied from 0.97 to 1.09. In general, the chemical method yielded slightly higher results than the microbiological method. There was little difference between methods in regard to reproducibility and accuracy.
Microbiological Method for Assaying Nystatin in Animal Feeds
Authors: Pagano Joseph F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A microbiological assay procedure for the determination of nystatin2 in animal feeds at levels as low as 2 5 ppm has been developed. The assay procedure and two feed samples were submitted to five collaborating laboratories for evaluation. The results of the collaborative assay study are presented, and it is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.
A Quantitative Fluorometric Method for the Determination of Serpasil (Reserpine,® CIBA) in Feeds at the Micro Level
Authors: Tishler F , Sheth P B , Giaimo M B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fluorometric method is described for the determination of reserpine in feeds at the 2.0 (0.0002%), 1.0 (0.0001 %), and 0.2 (0.00002%) ppm levels. The previously reported method for 0.2 ppm has been modified slightly to include 2.0 and 1.0 ppm, each of whose procedures differed from one another and from that of 0.2 ppm. Blended feed samples containing 2.2 and 0.22 ppm of reserpine were analyzed by the collaborating laboratories. Based upon the results received, it is recommended that the proposed procedure be adopted as official, first action.
Acetyl-(para-Nitrophenyl)-Sulfanilamide in Feeds
Authors: Cavett J W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Bratton-Marshall Sulfa Method was adapted i n 1956 to the analysis of APNPS in feed. A collaborative study was made on two samples of feed containing 0.021 and 0.030% APNPS. In this method, the feed sample was extracted with methanol, and an aliquot of the methanol extract was treated with zinc sulfate to precipitate foreign matter. After filtration, an aliquot of the filtrate was deacetylated by making it acid with HC1 and boiling for 1 hour in a water bath. An aliquot of the deacetylated solution was then treated with the Bratton-Marshall reagents, and the amount of APNPS was determined colorimetrically at 540 mμ, using a standard curve. Results were good on the 36 determinations made, and the method for APNPS in feeds is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Ethopabate in Feeds
Authors: Szalkowski C R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for ethopabate was submitted to a collaborative study. Unmedicated commercial poultry feeds assayed by this method showed an apparent ethopabate content of 0.2—0.4 ppm; when blended with a premix of ethopabate and amprolium at levels of 2-10 ppm ethopabate and 125-250 ppm amprolium, recoveries obtained ranged from 96 to 105%. In studies of 17 other drugs added, only sulfaquinoxaline and nicarbazin produced high results. This assay method is suitable for the determination of ethopabate in feeds down to levels of 2 ppm.
Diethylstilbestrol Occurrence in Eggs of Subcutaneously Injected Hens
Authors: Umberger Ernest J , Banes Daniel , Kunze Frieda M , Colson Sylvia H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Residues of diethylstilbestrol were shown to remain in eggs of laying hens for at least a week after the hens were injected with 25 mg of diethylstilbestrol in oil. Most of the drug occurred in the yolk. The diethylstilbestrol occurs free or in a loosely bound form readily cleaved by mild hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. Results of hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase indicate that none of the drug occurs in the eggs as the glucuronide.
Separation and Identification of Sodium Salts of Acidic, Propionic, Butyric, and Valeric Volatile Fatty Acids by Paper Chromatography
Authors: Young James A , Schwartzman George 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simplified and faster method has been developed to confirm the identity of volatile fatty acids after they have been steam distilled, separated by a silicic acid column, and titrated with NaOH. The method is equally useful for the qualitative detection of propionates in bakery products. The concentrated eluate or distillate is spotted on paper and chromatographed with a mixture of tertiary butanol, n-butanol, and coned NH4OH as the mobile solvent. The unknowns are determined by comparing the Rf values with known sodium salts of the C2-C5 volatile fatty acids.
Comparison of Chemical and Organoleptic Data Obtained on Thawed and Unthawed Frozen Cod, Haddock, and Perch Fillets
Authors: Hillig Fred , Shelton L R , Yates William , Bethea Sammie , Campbell Cynthia M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chemical indexes of decomposition in the drip as well as in the fillets of frozen cod, haddock, and perch are presented. Fillets that were not brined and thawed gave data similar to fillets that were brine-dipped and thawed; indexes in the drip approximate those found in the fillet from which the drip was obtained. Methods of thawing the fillets for organoleptic and chemical examination are discussed and evaluated.
A Specific Bioassay Method for Determining Vapona® Insecticide (DDVP) and Its Residues
Authors: Sun Yun-Pei , Johnson Elmer R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the specific bioassay of Vapona® insecticide (DDVP) and its residues in the presence of one or a mixture of several insecticides. Less than 1% interference as apparent DDVP may be expected from many insecticides tested. Recoveries of fortified DDVP in crop extracts alone or in combination with 50 ppm of 1—4 cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides are generally very satisfactory. With small amounts of kerosene, 0.1 ppm of DDVP can be detected in most crop extracts without cleanup.
Factors Affecting Residue-Film Bioassay of Insecticide Residues
Authors: Sun Yun-Pei , Johnson Elmer R , Pankaskie Joe E , Earle Norman W , Sun Juncx-Yi Tung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many factors could affect the mortality of insects and bioassay results: preparation of extracts; method of preparing deposits; loss of volatile insecticides; effect of extractives and additives; age, stage, sex, weight, and species of insects; method of handling insects; size and position of test jars; food used during the test; effect of temperature, humidity, and light; exposure time; contamination of samples; interpretat i on of results; and method of calculating sensitivity. Almost all of these factors affect the mortality of insects, but only a few of them significantly interfere with the final bioassay results if a comparable series of standards is carried on side by side. To obtain more accurate results, all test jars, including the standards, should contain equal amounts of the same extractives; a corresponding standard curve should be prepared from an uncontaminated check for each series of tests; and insects used for each series of tests should be properly sampled from a mixture of several cultures. Within certain limits, the sensitivity of a bioassay may be easily increased by the manipulation of some factors, such as the volume of extract per test jar, age of test insects, size of test container, exposure time, and temperature.
Gas Chromatography of Unsaponifiable Matter. II. Identification of Vegetable Oils by Their Sterols
Authors: Eisner Jerome , Firestone David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Corn, cottonseed, olive, milo maize, rice bran, safflower, peanut, soybean oil, and cocoa butter were saponified and the sterols isolated from the unsaponifiable matter on a Florisil column. Gas chromatography of an average of six samples of each oil revealed characteristic patterns which indicated that each oil could be identified when present alone. Three major sterols are present: β-sitosterol, γ-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. β-Sitosterol was the major sterol found to exist in each of the oils investigated. Two other minor sterols were detected, one of which might be α1-sitosterol, an isomer of stigmasterol, and the other a sterol with a saturated side chain.
Microchemical Method for Oxygen
Authors: Steyermakk Al 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A specific gravimetric procedure was submitted to the collaborators for this year’s study on the determination of oxygen in organic compounds. Three compounds were analyzed: one contained no oxygen, one contained only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the other was a sulfa compound. The results obtained were good, and the method is recommended as official, first action.
Use of Acetone in the Quinoline Molybdate Reagent for Phosphorus
Authors: Hoffman W M , Wiles C C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The quinoline molybdate method has been simplified considerably by the use of a single precipitating solution. This solution, which contains quinoline, sodium molybdate, citric acid, and acetone, is designated the "quimociac" reagent. Acetone in the reagent eliminates the ammonia interference in the precipitation of quinoline phosphomolybdate and makes the method suitable for the determination of available phosphorus in fertilizers.
Nitrogen in Fertilizers: 1962 AOAC Collaborative Study
Authors: Davis H A , Durgin Owen B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Studies were continued on methods for determining nitrogen in fertilizers: (1) the reduced iron method, 2.039; (2) the modified reduced iron method of Gehrke, et ah; (3) the chromous reduction method of Nelson; and (4) the chromium powder method of Perrin. Eight collaborators were provided with a 7—7—7 liquid sample, four of the same stock as 1961 samples (Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 ) , and a sample of reagent grade KNOs . Collaborative results indicated no "best" method; each method will give equally reliable results from an over-all standpoint. Personal likes or familiarity with a particular technique may produce more consistent results with one method than with another in the individual laboratory; no uniform preference was indicated. Studies of these methods should be continued, and certain editorial changes in terms relating to "organic N" are recommended.
Agricultural Liming Materials: Mechanical Analysis and EDTA Titration
Authors: Gehrke Charles W , Johnson Frank J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mechanical analyses were conducted in this laboratory on burnt lime, hydrated lime, ground marl, and slag. A "wash" sieving procedure for ground limestone was compared with the "dry" sieving method, 1.002. Data show that added clay plus "wetting" of the sample, followed by dry-sieving, results in more material remaining on sieves mesh No. 40 and 100; a washing technique essentially eliminates this effect. The rate of reaction between different soil types and freshly ground dry agricultural limestone or limestone that was aggregated by wetting and drying varies only slightly.
Collaborative Study on Assay of Sulfur Dioxide in Dried Apricots
Authors: Brekke John E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official (Monier-Williams) method for sulfur dioxide determination in food was compared with a new colorimetric method in a collaborative study. Dried apricots were the test material. Recovery of S 0 2 by the colorimetric method was found to be satisfactory The new method gave results not significantly different from the Monier- Williams volumetric assay but significantly different from the Monier-Williams gravimetric assay.
Alginates in Dressings for Foods
Authors: Wiger Oscar R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for the detection of alginates in dressings for foods. The niethod involved precipitation of alginates with acetonealcohol, removal of oil with dioxane, decolorizing with attapulgus clay, and development of color with ferric hydroxide- sulfuric acid reagent. Recoveries were satisfactory from mayonnaise and salad dressing at the 0.5% level; recoveries from french dressing were unsatisfactory. The method is recommended as official, first action for mayonnaise and salad dressing.
Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatography of Vanilla Extracts
Authors: Fitelson J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A second collaborative study of this method has been made with 5 samples. No difficulties were experienced with the method, and the results were satisfactory. While a few collaborators failed to detect adulteration in some of the samples, no collaborators judged satisfactory samples as adulterated. Collaborators agree that the method is simple and provides more information than the single dimension paper chromatography test in many cases. The 2-dimension method has been recommended for adoption as official, final action.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Heroin Hydrochloride, Methapyrilene Hydrochloride, and Quinine Hydrochloride
Authors: Endriz John D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of heroin, methapyrilene, and quinine in the presence of diluents commonly found in illicit narcotic samples. The absorbance curves for heroin, methapyrilene, and quinine show that at the points of maximum absorption of methapyrilene at 313 mμ and quinine at 348 mμ, methapyrilene and quinine do not seriously interfere with the maximum absorption of heroin at 280 mμ. Also, methapyrilene in dilute acid solution absorbs only slightly at the quinine maximum of 348 mμ. The common diluents such as lactose, mannitol, and starch usually found in illicit heroin mixtures do not interfere. The procedure described is sufficiently accurate for forensic purposes and has the advantage of speed over the extraction methods.
Determination of Ethisterone by the Potassium Bromide Disk Technique
Authors: Hayden Alma L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Results of determining ethisterone by the KBr disk technique are presented. Two mixtures and tablets from 2 commercial sources were analyzed by the Associate Referee and 4 collaborators. In general, the average recoveries agreed, within 4.5%, with the amounts of ethisterone which were added or declared. In most cases, the recoveries from replicate determinations agreed within 3.8%. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.