bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk between Endo/Exocytosis and Autophagy in Health and Disease
Authors: Papandreou Margarita‐Elena , Tavernarakis Nektarios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImbalance between the main intracellular degradative, trafficking and intercellular shuttling pathways has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Autophagy controls degradation of cellular components, while vesicular trafficking permits transport of material in and out of the cell. Emerging evidence has uncovered the extensive interconnectivity between these pathways, which is crucial to maintain organismal homeostasis. Thus, therapeutic intervention and drug development strategies targeting these processes, particularly in neurodegeneration, should account for this broad crosstalk, to maximize effectiveness. Here, recent findings underlining the highly dynamic nature of the crosstalk between autophagy, endosomal transport, and secretion is reviewed. Synergy of autophagy and endosomes for degradation, as well as, competition of autophagy and secretion are discussed. Perturbation of this crosstalk triggers pathology especially neurodegeneration.
Highly efficient production of diverse rare ginsenosides using combinatorial biotechnology
Authors: Cao Linggai , Wu Hao , Zhang He , Zhao Quan , Yin Xue , Zheng Dongran , Li Chuanwang , Kim Min‐Jun , Kim Pyol , Xue Zheyong , Wang Yu , Li Yuhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rare ginsenosides are recognized as the functionalized molecules after the oral administration of Panax ginseng and its products. The sources of rare ginsenosides are extremely limited because of low ginsenoside contents in wild plants, hindering their application in functional foods and drugs. We developed an effective combinatorial biotechnology approach including tissue culture, immobilization, and hydrolyzation methods. Rh2 and nine other rare ginsenosides were produced by methyl jasmonate‐induced culture of adventitious roots in a 10 L bioreactor associated with enzymatic hydrolysis using six β‐glycosidases and their combination with yields ranging from 5.54 to 32.66 mg L−1. The yield of Rh2 was furthermore increased by 7% by using immobilized BglPm and Bgp1 in optimized pH and temperature conditions, with the highest yield reaching 51.17 mg L−1 (17.06% of protopanaxadiol‐type ginsenosides mixture). Our combinatorial biotechnology method provides a highly efficient approach to acquiring diverse rare ginsenosides, replacing direct extraction from Panax plants, and can also be used to supplement yeast cell factories.
Patient‐reported outcome after treatment for definite Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Eikeland Randi , Ljøstad Unn , Helgeland Geir , Sand Geir , Flemmen Heidi Øyen , Bø Margrete Halvorsen , Nordaa Ludmila , Owe Jone Furulund , Mygland Åse , Lorentzen Åslaug Rudjord 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo chart patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in Norwegian patients treated for definite neuroborreliosis (NB).Material and MethodsAdult patients treated for definite NB 1–10 years earlier supplied demographics, symptoms and treatment during NB, and answered validated questionnaires; Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), health‐related quality of life questionnaire (RAND‐36), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐15).ResultsA higher proportion of NB‐treated persons reported severe fatigue, defined as FSS score ≥ 5, than in Norwegian normative data, but when removing persons with confounding fatigue associated comorbidities (n = 69) from the analyses, there was no difference between groups. Physical health‐related quality of life (RAND‐36 PCS), mean FSS score, proportions of persons reporting moderate or severe somatic symptom burden (PHQ‐15 score ≥ 10), anxiety (HADS‐A ≥ 8), or depression (HADS‐D ≥ 8) did not differ between NB‐treated persons and reference scores. Mental health‐related quality of life (RAND‐36 MCS) was poorer than in normative data (47.1 vs. 53.3), but associated with anxiety, depression and current moderate or severe somatic symptom burden, and not with NB characteristics.ConclusionsResults on validated PROM questionnaires measuring fatigue, anxiety, depression, self‐reported somatic symptom burden, and physical health‐related quality did not differ between persons treated for definite NB 1–10 years earlier and reference scores. NB‐treated persons tended to report a slightly poorer mental health‐related quality of life than found in normative data, but when adjusting for confounders the causative connection is questionable. Overall, the long‐term prognosis of definite NB seems to be good.
A rule‐based self‐regulated learning assistance scheme to facilitate personalized learning with adaptive scaffoldings: A case study for learning computer software
Authors: Su Jun‐Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany studies indicate that most students find it difficult to learn effectively in computer‐based learning environments because of a lack of self‐regulated learning (SRL) abilities. Therefore, based on the design approach of the rule‐based system, this paper proposes a rule‐based self‐regulated learning assistance scheme (SRL‐RuAS) to intelligently facilitate personalized learning with SRL‐based adaptive scaffolding support for learning computer software. In the SRL‐RuAS scheme, SRL‐based adaptive scaffolding strategies (SRL‐AS) are defined according to SRL behaviors, the subject knowledge is formatted using the concept ontology technique, the relations of learning resources and the portfolio of students are modeled by the proposed learning analysis data model, and the learning analysis rules of adaptive scaffolding are defined according to SRL‐AS. Consequently, an intelligent learning environment with SRL‐RuAS can intelligently give learning support to actively assist students in understanding the learning status and guiding learning improvement. Hence, the learning process with SRL‐based assistance is able to improve learning motivation and effectiveness. Experimental results of a case study for learning computer software show that the SRL‐RuAS scheme is beneficial for learning achievement and the satisfaction of students, and its scaffolding strategies and application domain can thus be manageable and extended because of the rule‐based system design.
Identification of hub methylated‐CpG sites and associated genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dai Yuxin , Lv Qiaoli , Qi Tingting , Qu Jian , Ni Hongli , Liao Yongkang , Liu Peng , Qu Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo improve personalized diagnosis and prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by identification of hub methylated‐CpG sites and associated genes, weighted gene comethylation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to examine and identify hub modules and CpG sites correlated with OSCC. Here, WGCNA modeling yielded blue and brown comethylation modules that were significantly associated with OSCC status. Following screening of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from gene expression microarrays and differentially methylated‐CpG sites (DCGs), integrated multiomics analysis of the DEGs, DCGs, and hub CpG sites from the modules was performed to investigate their correlations. Expression levels of 16 CpG sites‐associated genes were negatively correlated with methylation patterns of promoter. Moreover, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of the hub CpG sites and associated genes was carried out using 2 public databases, MethSurv and GEPIA. Only 5 genes, ACTA1, ACTN2, OSR1, SYNGR1, and ZNF677, had significant overall survival using GEPIA. Hypermethylated‐CpG sites ACTN2‐cg21376883 and OSR1‐cg06509239 were found to be associated with poor survival by MethSurv. Methylation status of specific site and expression levels of associated genes were determined using clinical samples by quantitative methylation‐specific PCR and real‐time PCR. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that methylation levels of cg06509239 and cg18335068 were negatively related to OSR1 and ZNF677 expression levels, respectively. Our classification schema using multiomics analysis represents a screening framework for identification of hub CpG sites and associated genes.
Massive hemoperitoneum from hemorrhagic corpus luteum in a patient with acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Obi Esther Ifeoma , Osegi Nkencho , Etu‐Efeotor Theodora Phiemueki , Pughikumo Ogho Crosdale , Toluhi Helen , Makinde Olakunle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDoctors should think of a spectrum of differential diagnoses in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain ranging from medical, surgical, and gynecological conditions. Proper laboratory and radiological tests including bone marrow study are advised.
Dyserythropoiesis and myelodysplasia in thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome
Authors: Faraji‐Goodarzi Mojgan , Tarhani Fariba , Taee Nadereh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe case of thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) presented here speculates the need early diagnosis, continuous monitoring, follow‐up, and regulated treatment plan for the patients. Complications and systemic manifestations are likely to enhance in otherwise circumstances.
Design and Synthesis of Sm, Y, La and Nd‐doped CeO2 with a broom‐like hierarchical structure: a photocatalyst with enhanced oxidation performance
Authors: Xu Bin , Yang Hui , Zhang Qitao , Yuan Saisai , Xie An , Zhang Ming , Ohno Teruhisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCeO2 doped with various rare earth (RE) ions (Sm, Y, La and Nd) having a broom‐like hierarchical structure was successfully prepared by a template‐free hydrothermal method. The photooxidation performance of RE‐doped products was significantly better than that of pure CeO2, and comparative experiments showed that Sm‐doped CeO2 (SC) has superior photooxidation activity, resulting about 3.0‐times and 8.5‐times higher activities of bisphenol A (BPA) degradation and of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) decomposition, respectively, than those of pure CeO2. Due to the incorporation of RE ions, the surface exposed cerium ions are partly substituted by those cations, resulting in a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies (Ov) in RE‐doped CeO2. The increased Ov can act as a trapping center for photo‐generated electrons to form a doping transition state between the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), which can restrict the recombination rate of electrons and holes effectively and lead to an outstanding enhancement of photooxidation performance. Furthermore, abundant highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and superoxide radicals (.O2−), which are efficient intermediates with vivid oxidation ability, can further enhance the photocatalytic activity of RE‐doped CeO2. A cost‐effective strategy for designing CeO2‐based semiconductor photocatalysts doped with multitudinous RE ions that have enhanced photooxidation performance is presented in this paper.
Confinement of Intermediates in Blue TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Boosts Reaction Rate of Nitrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jianfang , Tian Yujing , Zhang Tianyu , Li Zhengyuan , She Xiaojie , Wu Yucheng , Wang Yan , Wu Jingjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a complementary route to the traditional Haber‐Bosch process. Boosting the reaction kinetics of electrocatalytic NRR is key to promote the NH3 yield. Herein, we demonstrate that the confinement of reactive intermediates (e. g., *N2) in highly ordered blue TiO2 nanotubes (b‐TiO2) can significantly enhance the surface reaction rate of electrocatalytic NRR on the encapsulated metal oxide catalysts. The enhancement of the reaction rate of NH3 synthesis is attributed to the increased surface coverage of intermediates inside the b‐TiO2 nanotubes. Benefiting from the confinement effect of intermediates, the b‐TiO2 nanotubes enclosing metal oxide electrodes show both higher production rate and Faradaic efficiency of NH3 than the combined ones of individual metal oxide and b‐TiO2 electrodes.
Accumulation of Active Species in Silica Mesopore: Effect of the Pore Size and Free Base Additives on Pd‐catalyzed Allylation using Allylic Alcohol
Authors: Motokura Ken , Kawashima Sae , Nambo Masayuki , Manaka Yuichi , Chun Wang‐Jae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA mesoporous silica‐supported Pd complex was prepared using various types of porous silica supports (pore size: 16–31 Å). The effects of the pore size and base additive properties on the catalytic allylation were investigated. The activity of the Pd‐catalyzed allylation of nucleophiles with specific base additives, such as 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), is strongly affected by the mesopore size. The best allylation performance is obtained with a pore size of 23 Å. On the other hand, bases with smaller/larger molecular size and/or high nucleophilicity, such as K2CO3 and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), do not seem to show clear pore effect on the catalysis. The performance of the catalytic allylation significantly decreases by using such bases. Kinetic, spectroscopic, and control experiments reveal that the effective accumulation of Pd species and DBU in mesopores with appropriate pore sizes enhances their frequency factors.
Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes
Authors: Lorencova Lenka , Bertok Tomas , Bertokova Aniko , Gajdosova Veronika , Hroncekova Stefania , Vikartovska Alica , Kasak Peter , Tkac Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExosomes are naturally produced biological nanoparticles secreted by cells into body fluids and responsible for intercellular communication. Exosomes can also carry cargo affecting neighbouring cells and forming pre‐metastatic niches. Hence, exosomes are behind localised tumour development, progression, but also the induction of distant tumours forming metastasis. A substantially higher cellular activity of tumour cells results in the production of a greater number of exosomes than in normal, healthy cells. Therefore, the number of exosomes present in body fluids can serve as a good diagnostic biomarker in itself, besides the presence of other tumour biomarkers, which can be substantially enriched in exosomes compared to parental cells. This review comprehensively summarises the development of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of exosome levels, exosome‐derived cancer biomarkers in cell lines and serum samples for the better diagnosis of various cancer types. The review provides information on the design and analytical parameters of such biosensors. The clinical utility of the level of exosomes or exosome‐derived biomarkers is also provided.
A Highly Efficient Glycosidation of Glycosyl Chlorides by Using Cooperative Silver(I) Oxide–Triflic Acid Catalysis
Authors: Geringer Scott A. , Singh Yashapal , Hoard Daniel J. , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollowing our discovery that silver(I) oxide‐promoted glycosylation with glycosyl bromides can be greatly accelerated in the presence of catalytic TMSOTf or TfOH, we report herein a new discovery that glycosyl chlorides are even more effective glycosyl donors under these reaction conditions. The developed reaction conditions work well with a variety of glycosyl chlorides. Both benzoylated and benzylated chlorides have been successfully glycosidated, and these reaction conditions proved to be effective in coupling substrates containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Another convenient feature of this glycosylation is that the progress of the reaction can be monitored visually; its completion can be judged by the disappearance of the characteristic dark color of Ag2O.
Self‐Assembly of Pseudo‐Isocyanine Chloride as a Sensor for Macromolecular Crowding In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Hämisch Benjamin , Pollak Roland , Ebbinghaus Simon , Huber Klaus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPseudo‐isocyanine chloride (PIC) is a cationic dyestuff that exhibits self‐assembly in aqueous solution, promoted either by increasing the PIC concentration or by decreasing the temperature. PIC‐aggregates exhibit a characteristic and sharp absorption band as well as a fluorescence band at a wavelength of 573 nm making PIC an interesting candidate to analyze the self‐assembly process in various environments. The present work developed PIC‐based, synthetic model systems, suitable to investigate how macromolecular crowding influences self‐assembly processes. Four synthetic additives were used as potential crowders: Triethylene glycol (TEG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Ficoll 400 as a highly branched polysaccharide, and sucrose corresponding to the monomeric unit of Ficoll. Combined UV/Vis spectroscopy and time‐resolved light scattering revealed a strong impact of crowding based on excluded volume effects only for Ficoll 400. Sucrose had hardly any influence on the self‐assembly of PIC and PEG and TEG impeded the PIC self‐assembly. Development of such a PIC based model system led over to in‐cell experiments. HeLa cells were infiltrated with PIC solutions well below the aggregation threshold in the infiltrating solution. In the cellular environment, PIC was exposed to a significant crowding and immediately started to aggregate. As was demonstrated by fluorescence imaging, the extent of aggregation can be modulated by exposing the cells to salt‐induced osmotic stress. The results suggest future use of such a system as a sensor for the analysis of in vitro and in vivo crowding effects on self‐assembly processes.
Nanoporous Metals for Heterogeneous Catalysis: Following the Success of Raney Nickel
Authors: Gao Yanxiu , Ding Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanoporous metals (NPMs) with diversified shapes and compositions can be readily fabricated by dealloying monolithic alloys through chemical or electrochemical processes. Benefited from their high surface area, high density of low‐coordinated sites on the ligament surface, and unsupported character, NPMs have attracted increasing attentions as a new class of heterogeneous catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and long‐term stability, reminiscent of the great success of Raney nickel. In the present minireview, we summarize the recent advances in this exciting field and provide a critical discussion of the nature of their active sites and the structure–property correlation.
Direct Enamido C(sp2)−H Diphosphorylation Enabled by a PCET‐Triggered Double Radical Relay: Access to gem‐Bisphosphonates
Authors: Cao Hao‐Qiang , Liu Hao‐Nan , Liu Zhe‐Yuan , Qiao Bao‐Kun , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein we report a novel and straightforward protocol for the construction of valuable gem‐BPs by means of proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET)‐triggered enamido C(sp2)−H diphosphorylation. This reaction represents a rare example of realizing the challenging double C−P bond formation at a single carbon atom, thus providing facile access to a broad variety of structurally diverse bisphosphonates from simple enamides under silver‐mediated conditions. Initial mechanistic studies demonstrated that the diphosphorylation involves two rounds of PCET‐initiated radical relay process.
Better than CD: Eugénie Cotton (1881‐1967)
Authors: Kahr Bart 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimé Cotton is known for his invention of circular dichroism spectroscopy. In 1913, he married Eugénie Feytis, a scientist who studied physics with Marie Curie. Following the Second World War, Eugénie Cotton was determined to advance the rights and standing of women, sure in the belief that doing so was necessary not only because it was just but also because a world with women in the forefront would be more secure and less susceptible to the catastrophe worldwide military conflict. She was a cofounder of the Women's International Democratic Federation and served as its first president. In 1951, she was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize, and in 1961, the gold medal from the World Peace Council. The extraordinary life of Eugénie Cotton is reconstructed in a new biography by Loukia Efthymiou, Eugénie Cotton (1881‐1967) (Éditions Universitaires Européennes, 2019) that is reviewed here. Among the contributions of Eugénie Cotton of particular interest to the Chirality readership is the biography she wrote of her husband, Aimé Cotton, l'optique et magneto‐optique (Éditions Seghers, 1967), the most complete source of information on the founder of the science of circular dichroism. This biography is also discussed here, thereby building two reviews of books, one new and one old, one about Eugénie Cotton and one by her, into a single essay.
A Non‐Fullerene Acceptor with Chlorinated Thienyl Conjugated Side Chains for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells via Toluene Processing
Authors: Li Guangwei , Wu Jingnan , Fang Jin , Guo Xia , Zhu Lei , Liu Feng , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionSmall molecular acceptors (SMAs) BTC‐2F and BTH‐2F, based on heptacyclic benzodi(cyclopentadithiophene) electron‐donating core (CBT) with chlorinated‐thienyl conjugated and thienyl conjugated side chains, respectively, are designed and synthesized. Compared with non‐chlorine acceptor BTH‐2F, BTC‐2F exhibits slightly blue‐shifted absorption spectra, similar the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) (–3.91 eV), deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and higher electron mobility than that of BTH‐2F. PM6, a wide bandgap polymer, is selected as the donor material to construct bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells processed with nonhalogenated solvent toluene. The optimized PM6:BTC‐2F‐based device presents a 12.9% power conversion efficiency (PCE), while the PCE of PM6:BTH‐2F‐based device is only 11.3%. The results suggest that it is an effective strategy to optimize the photoelectric properties of SMAs by incorporating chlorine atom into the conjugated side chains.
Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Risk assessment using left atrial diameter predicted from left atrial volume
Authors: Mills Helen , Espersen Kiri , Jurlander Rebecca , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Raja Anna Axelsson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial diameter (LAd) is included in the European Society for Cardiology's (ESC) risk model for assessment of sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the recommended measure of LA size is left atrial volume (LAv).HypothesisWe hypothesized that LAv could be used instead of LAd in the HCM risk‐SCD model. We aimed to determine the relation between LAd and LAv and to assess the impact of using LAv instead of LAd.MethodsEchocardiographic measurements of anteroposterior LAd in the parasternal long‐axis window and LAv from Simpson's biplane method of disks were used. The 5‐year risk of SCD by measured LAd and by LAd predicted from LAv were estimated using the ESC risk‐SCD model.ResultsIn 205 HCM patients (age 56 ± 14 years, 62% male), the relation between LAd and LAv was linear. Median 5‐year risk of SCD was 2.4% (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.6; 3.8) using measured LAd and 2.4% (IQR: 1.6; 3.7) using predicted LAd. The correlation between the SCD risk assessed by measured vs predicted LAd was excellent (r2 = 0.96). Use of predicted LAd resulted in four patients (2%) being recategorized between the moderate and high‐risk categories.ConclusionsThe relation between LAd and LAv was linear with good agreement. On a population level, the correlation between the risk of SCD using measured LAd or LAd predicted from LAv was excellent. On a patient level, using LAd predicted from LAv resulted in the vast majority remaining in the same risk category; however, for a minority of patients, it changed the recommendation.