bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of climate, soil, and land cover on plant species distribution in the European Alps
Authors: Chauvier Yohann , Thuiller Wilfried , Brun Philipp , Lavergne Sébastien , Descombes Patrice , Karger Dirk N. , Renaud Julien , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the importance of edaphic factors and habitat structure for plant growth and survival is known, both are often neglected in favor of climatic drivers when investigating the spatial patterns of plant species and diversity. Yet, especially in mountain ecosystems with complex topography, missing edaphic and habitat components may be detrimental for a sound understanding of biodiversity distribution. Here, we compare the relative importance of climate, soil and land cover variables when predicting the distributions of 2,616 vascular plant species in the European Alps, representing approximately two‐thirds of all European flora. Using presence‐only data, we built point‐process models (PPMs) to relate species observations to different combinations of covariates. We evaluated the PPMs through block cross‐validations and assessed the independent contributions of climate, soil, and land cover covariates to predict plant species distributions using an innovative predictive partitioning approach. We found climate to be the most influential driver of spatial patterns in plant species with a relative influence of ~58.5% across all species, with decreasing importance from low to high elevations. Soil (~20.1%) and land cover (~21.4%), overall, were less influential than climate, but increased in importance along the elevation gradient. Furthermore, land cover showed strong local effects in lowlands, while the contribution of soil stabilized at mid‐elevations. The decreasing influence of climate with elevation is explained by increasing endemism, and the fact that climate becomes more homogeneous as habitat diversity declines at higher altitudes. In contrast, soil predictors were found to follow the opposite trend. Additionally, at low elevations, human‐mediated land cover effects appear to reduce the importance of climate predictors. We conclude that soil and land cover are, like climate, principal drivers of plant species distribution in the European Alps. While disentangling their effects remains a challenge, future studies can benefit markedly by including soil and land cover effects when predicting species distributions.
Comparison of five conditioned pain modulation paradigms and influencing personal factors in healthy adults
Authors: Mertens Michel GCAM , Hermans Linda , Crombez Geert , Goudman Lisa , Calders Patrick , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Meeus Mira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundConditioned pain modulation (CPM) methods are experimental procedures to assess presumed descending nociceptive modulatory pathways. Various CPM‐methods are currently used, making the comparison of results difficult. The aim of this study was to compare five conditioning stimuli and to evaluate the influencing effects of personal factors on CPM‐efficacy.Methods101 healthy pain‐free adults (50 males, 51 females) participated in this cross‐sectional study with repeated measures design. The CPM‐method consisted of hot water immersion (46°C, HWI), cold pressor test (12°C, CPT), cold pack application, and single and double ischemic occlusion as conditioning stimuli in randomized order. Pressure pain threshold was used as test stimulus at the mm. trapezius and quadriceps for all CPM‐protocols.ResultsAll CPM‐protocols resulted in effective CPM, although cold pack application revealed smaller CPM‐magnitudes compared to all other methods at both muscles, except single ischemic occlusion at the m. quadriceps. A smaller CPM‐effect at the m. trapezius was shown when CPM was provoked by single ischemic occlusion compared to the CPT. Chronic stress, gender, attentional focus, age, physical activity and perceived pain are all influencing factors, in various conditioning stimuli at the mm. trapezius and quadriceps.ConclusionsCPT and HWI seem to be the most appropriate conditioned pain modulation paradigms for research settings, while single and double ischemic occlusion seem to be more useful for clinical settings. Influencing factors to be considered are gender, age, stress, physical activity, perceived pain and attentional focus to the conditioning stimulus, but depend on the test site and exerted method.SignificanceHot water immersion, cold pressor test, and single and double ischemic occlusion result in comparable CPM‐effects at the mm. trapezius and quadriceps. Anti‐nociceptive effects of the cold pack are mainly a result of attention towards the cold pack. Chronic stress, attentional focus towards the conditioning stimulus and perceived pain of the conditioning stimulus influenced the anti‐nociceptive effects at the m. trapezius. Gender and level of physical activity influenced the anti‐nociceptive effects with the other methods at the m. quadriceps.
“If she had broken her leg she would not have waited in agony for 9 months”: Caregiver's experiences of eating disorder treatment
Authors: Robinson Isabella , Stoyel Hannah , Robinson Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explore caregivers' experiences of eating disorder services and subsequent impacts on the caregiving burden and patient outcomes. Thematic analysis was employed to investigate qualitative data from a caregiver‐targeted online survey run by BEAT, the UK's largest eating disorder charity. Six hundred and 16 caregivers completed the survey. Participants' experiences of eating disorder treatment were predominantly negative, characterised by three main themes: (a) Barriers to care: enduring obstacles caregivers face in accessing support for their loved ones, (b) Experiences of services: high levels of unmet needs for caregivers and patients alike, (c) Affected domains: the pervasive impact of caregiving, influenced by experiences of services. This study is the largest of its kind to explore caregivers' experiences of eating disorder treatment services and aims to give voice to this overlooked group within research. Notably, little has been done to address broader systemic challenges faced by caregivers in accessing support for loved ones. Results indicate these challenges may play a substantial role in shaping the caregiving burden, carer coping styles, and subsequent patient outcomes. Findings denote wider systemic issues and a lack of specificities of information and practical skills that could help prevent caregivers from experiencing the caregiving burden and subsequent consequences on eating disorder patient outcomes.
Three‐dimensional complex fracture propagation simulation: Implications for rapid decline of production capacity
Authors: Hu Yongquan , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jinzhou , Chen Shengnan , Zhao Chaoneng , Fu Chenghao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simulation model of fracture network geometry in fractured and porous elastic reservoirs is established based on the globally embedded three‐dimensional cohesive zone model (3D CZM). The effects of stress interference between natural fractures (NFs), horizontal stress difference (HSD), injection rate, and fluid viscosity on fracture geometry were studied and the phenomenon of rapid failure of unconventional reservoir productivity was explained from a coupling fluid flow/geomechanics perspective. The intersection behavior of hydraulic fracture (HF) and NF is simulated; the simulation results are in good agreement with Blanton's criterion, proving the reliability of the 3D CZM. The research results show that in the process of hydraulic fracturing, in addition to the strong stress interference between HFs, there is also strong stress interference between NFs. Stress interference has an important impact on the traction separation of cohesive elements (CEs) and a continuous dynamic impact on the NF opening. For reservoirs with a small HSD, higher injection rate and fluid viscosity produce smaller stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) length, but larger SRV width. Complex fracture networks tend to develop in the vicinity of horizontal wellbores, which leads to rapid failure of productivity. For this kind of reservoir, minimizing the impact of stress interference with a small injection rate is recommended instead of maximizing the injection rate and fluid viscosity. For reservoirs with a large HSD, lower injection rate and fluid viscosity produce larger SRV length and smaller SRV width. The fracture geometries tend to develop simple straight fractures, which leads to low initial productivity. Thus, adopting a relatively large injection rate and fluid viscosity is recommended to make full use of stress interference effects to increase the development of complex fractures near horizontal wellbores. The results of this study can serve as a guide in evaluating fracture complexity, SRV, proppant migration, drainage reservoir volume (DRV), and well completion design; they can also promote the in‐depth understanding of the coupling effect between fluid flow and geomechanics.
The application of L‐glutaminase for the synthesis of the immunomodulatory γ‐D‐glutamyl‐L‐tryptophan and the kokumi‐imparting γ‐D‐glutamyl peptides
Authors: Yang Juan , Huang Yuran , Dong Hao , Huang Guiying , Yu Limei , Bai Weidong , Zeng Xiaofang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlutaminase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used to synthesize the immunomodulatory γ‐D‐glutamyl‐L‐tryptophan (γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp) and the kokumi‐active γ‐D‐glutamyl peptides. The optimum yield of γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp was 55.76 mM in corresponding to a minimum yield of by‐product (γ‐D‐Glu‐γ‐D‐Glu‐L‐Trp) in the presence of 75 mM D‐Gln and 100 mM L‐Trp. The glutaminase has a low Km values for the donors (D‐Gln and L‐Gln:5.53 and 0.98 mM), but high ones for the acceptors (L‐Trp, L‐Phe, L‐Met, L‐Val and γ‐[D‐Glu](n=1,2,3)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met, ranging from 32.51 to 193.05 mM). The highest Km value appearing when n = 2 (γ‐[D‐Glu](n=0,1,2)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met) suggested the rising difficulty for synthesis when the number of donor increases in the reaction mixtures. The γ‐[D‐Glu](n=1,2,3)‐L‐Val/L‐Phe/L‐Met at 5 mM can impart the blank chicken broth an enhancing monthfulness, thickness, and umaminess taste.
Modeling of a Novel Atmospheric SOFC/GT Hybrid Process and Comparison with State‐of‐the‐Art SOFC System Concepts
Authors: Cardenas De La Cruz C. T. , Herz G. , Reichelt E. , Jahn M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel concept for an atmospheric solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid system applying a sub‐atmospheric gas turbine is proposed. Based on a developed process model suitable operating conditions are studied. The resulting performance is compared to different state‐of‐the‐art SOFC system concepts. The comparison shows that pressurized SOFC/GT systems offer the highest electric efficiency. The novel concept as well as a two‐stage SOFC system offer lower efficiencies, but still well above 60%. However, avoiding the complex system requirements of pressurized SOFC/GT systems, these concepts are promising for highly efficient electricity generation.
Notch3 and DeltaB maintain Müller glia quiescence and act as negative regulators of regeneration in the light‐damaged zebrafish retina
Authors: Campbell Leah J. , Hobgood Joshua S. , Jia Meng , Boyd Patrick , Hipp Rebecca I. , Hyde David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDamage to the zebrafish retina stimulates resident Müller glia to reprogram, reenter the cell cycle, divide asymmetrically, and produce neuronal progenitor cells that amplify and differentiate into the lost neurons. The transition from quiescent to proliferative Müller glia involves both positive and negative regulators. We previously demonstrated that the Notch signaling pathway represses retinal regeneration by maintaining Müller glia quiescence in zebrafish. Here we examine which Notch receptor is necessary to maintain quiescence. Quantitative RT‐PCR and RNA‐Seq analyses reveal that notch3 is expressed in the undamaged retina and is downregulated in response to light damage. Additionally, Notch3 protein is expressed in quiescent Müller glia of the undamaged retina, is downregulated as Müller glia proliferate, and is reestablished in the Müller glia. Knockdown of Notch3 is sufficient to induce Müller glia proliferation in undamaged retinas and enhances proliferation during light damage. Alternatively, knockdown of Notch1a, Notch1b, or Notch2 decreases the number of proliferating cells during light damage, suggesting that Notch signaling is also required for proliferation during retinal regeneration. We also knockdown the zebrafish Delta and Delta‐like proteins, ligands for the Notch receptors, and find that the deltaB morphant possesses an increased number of proliferating cells in the light‐damaged retina. As with Notch3, knockdown of DeltaB is sufficient to induce Müller glia proliferation in the absence of light damage. Taken together, the negative regulation of Müller glia proliferation in zebrafish retinal regeneration is mediated by Notch3 and DeltaB.
Utility of narrowband imaging in the diagnosis of laryngeal leukoplakia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahmadzada Sejad , Vasan Kartik , Sritharan Niranjan , Singh Narinder , Smith Mark , Hull Isabelle , Riffat Faruque 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the validity of narrowband imaging (NBI) in differentiating between low‐risk leukoplakia and high‐risk leukoplakia. Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of NBI in the assessment of laryngeal leukoplakia were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria assessing a total of 586 lesions with laryngeal leukoplakia. In differentiating between low‐risk and high‐risk leukoplakia, NBI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 85.4% (95% CI [76‐99.9]) and 94.9% (95% CI [91.1‐97.2]) respectively. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 99.2 (95% CI [38.28‐257.18]). NBI is a useful imaging modality in differentiating between low‐risk leukoplakia and high‐risk laryngeal leukoplakia. The high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio make NBI a useful tool in the workup of laryngeal leukoplakia.
Trends in chronic opioid therapy among survivors of head and neck cancer
Authors: Kriplani Anuja , Lavery Jessica A. , Mishra Akriti , Korenstein Deborah , Lipitz‐Snyderman Allison N. , Boudreau Denise M. , Moryl Natalie , Gillespie Erin F. , Salz Talya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) have increased risk of opioid misuse.MethodsUsing Surveillance, Epidemiology and End‐Results‐Medicare data, we matched adults ≥66 years diagnosed with HNC 2008‐2015 with cancer‐free controls. We computed odds ratios (OR) for receipt of chronic opioid therapy (COT, claims for ≥90 consecutive days) for HNC survivors compared to controls each year after matching through 2016.ResultsThe cohort of HNC survivors declined from 5107 in the first year after diagnosis to 604 in the sixth year after diagnosis. For 5 years, rates of COT among HNC survivors exceeded that of controls. Differences between survivors and controls declined each year (ORs: year 1, 4.36; year 2, 2.60; year 3, 2.18; year 4, 1.85; and year 5, 1.35; all P‐values <.05).ConclusionsAmong older HNC survivors, cancer‐associated opioid use in the first years after diagnosis suggests that the benefit of opioids must balance the risk of opioid misuse.
Screening and the epidemic of thyroid cancer in China: An analysis of national representative inpatient and commercial insurance databases
Authors: Liu Yihao , Lai Fenghua , Long Jianyan , Peng Sui , Wang Haibo , Zhou Qian , Li Bin , Su Lei , Gan Lanxia , Shi Ying , Lv Weiming , Li Yanbing , Cheng Karkeung , Xiao Haipeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReasons behind the rapid increase of thyroid cancer (TC) in China are uncertain. We assessed the burden of TC and the role of access to screening and salt iodization. We analyzed two national databases in China: Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) and China Reinsurance Company (CRC) database. HQMS covered 1037 (44.3%) Class 3 hospitals and 76 263 617 Class 3 hospital inpatients in 2013 to 2017 and CRC covered 93 123 018 clients in 2000 to 2016. The proportion of TC inpatients among inpatients in HQMS and TC incidence in critical illness insurance buyers were used to evaluate the association with screening and iodine status. Between 2013 and 2017, the proportion of TC patients in HQMS with urban employee medical insurance and good access to screening increased sharply while there was little change among those with the other two forms of medical insurance. Across provinces, the proportion of TC inpatients in HQMS was positively correlated with per capita disposable income but not with median urinary iodine. Similar findings were observed in the CRC database. In 2017, approximately 1000 individuals were overdiagnosed with TC daily. We conservatively forecast that 5.1 million healthy individuals would become TC patients unnecessarily between 2019 and 2030. Our findings suggested the epidemic of TC in China was substantially underestimated. It was associated with screening but not with salt iodization.
History of Solid Polymer Electrolyte‐Based Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: A Personal Account
Authors: Zhang Heng , Armand Michel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are believed to be important pathway to overcome the limitations that state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries face in terms of safety and energy density. In addition to transporting ionic species in solid‐state configuration, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are structurally designable and processable, and have been deemed as an auspicious kind of solid electrolyte to access highly‐performant SSLMBs. In this essay, we provide a historical overview on the development of SPE‐based SSLMBs, aiming to highlight the main achievements being made at both material and cell levels. It is hoped that the personal reflection and retrospect presented in this essay give an impetus to inspire the discovery of tantalizing battery materials and improve the overall performance of SPE‐based SSLMBs and other emerging battery technologies.
Does duration of cryostorage affect survival rate, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes? Large‐scale single‐center study of slush nitrogen (SN2) vitrified‐warmed blastocysts
Authors: Lee Hye Nam , Park Jae Kyun , Paek Soo Kyung , Byun Ji Hyun , Song Haengseok , Lee Hee Jun , Chang Eun Mi , Kim Ji Won , Lee Woo Sik , Lyu Sang Woo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of the duration of cryostorage on clinical outcomes after embryo transfer of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open‐device slush‐nitrogen (SN2) system.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out on 1632 autologous vitrified‐warmed blastocyst transfer cycles between January 2013 and June 2014. Duration of cryostorage was divided into four groups: Group I: 0–6 months (n=937); Group II: 7–12 months (n=299); Group III: 13–24 months (n=165); and Group IV: ≥25 months (n=231). The effects of the duration of cryostorage on the survival rate (SR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and neonatal outcomes of vitrified blastocysts stored in an open‐device SN2 system were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups in SR, CPR, LBR, and neonatal outcomes after autologous vitrified‐warmed blastocyst transfer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no effect on LBR from duration of cryostorage.ConclusionVitrification using SN2 and long‐term cryostorage in an open‐device system are safe and effective and do not significantly affect clinical outcomes after embryo transfer.
Surgical management of cervical cancer in a resource‐limited setting: One year of data from the National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka
Authors: Patabendige Malitha , Wijesinghe Rajitha D. , Wijesuriya M.W.A.B. , Hapuachchige Chinthana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the surgical management of cervical cancer without the use of preoperative pelvic imaging in a resource‐limited setting.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out using clinical records and the ongoing electronic database at the Gynaecological Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute (Apeksha Hospital), Maharagama, Sri Lanka. Details regarding the radical hysterectomies carried out from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively studied.ResultsOut of nearly 700 patients with cervical cancer admitted during the year 2019, 57 surgically managed radical hysterectomies were included. Of these, seven cases were ineligible and excluded and 50 cases of radical hysterectomies were included for analysis. Mean age was 53.6 ± 9.5 years and median parity was 3 (range 2–4). Of the cases, 94% were found to have no parametrial involvement showing the success of clinical examination in assessing local tumor spread. Overall, 11 (22.0%) were upstaged due to lymph node metastasis that was statistically significant.ConclusionPreoperative clinical staging is a practical method in selecting surgically treatable cervical cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Combining clinical assessment with comparatively more readily available computed tomography scans could be helpful in triaging patients for treatment of cervical cancer in LMICs.
New approach to the risk variables for administration of fibrinogen in patients with postpartum hemorrhage by using cluster analysis
Authors: Yilmaz Emsal P. T. , Celik Yusuf , Topdagi Yunus E. , Guzel Ali I. , Al Ragıp A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze all the variables in women who received fibrinogen for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) using hierarchical cluster analysis, to provide greater insight into the risk variables involved in these women.MethodsThis retrospective study of women with at least 500 mL of bleeding at birth or during the postpartum period and treated with fibrinogen was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2018. Data on the women were obtained from medical records and various risk variables were recorded and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis.ResultsA total of 114 women with PPH were included in the study. Based on a dendrogram, three main clusters of similar quality variables were created: 1) gravida, parity, age, cervical/vaginal hematoma, laparotomy, hypogastric artery ligation, uterine artery embolization, uterine artery ligation, uterine atony, distance from outer center, lowest hemoglobin, preoperative platelets, endometritis, preoperative white blood cells; 2) lowest fibrinogen, highest fibrinogen, type of birth, placenta invasion anomaly, Bakri balloon tamponade, postpartum hysterectomy, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), preoperative international normalized ratio (INR), placental abruption, in‐utero ex fetus; 3) postoperative APTT, postoperative INR, maternal mortality, erythrocyte transfusion, plasma transfusion, hospital stay time, disseminated intravascular coagulation/HELLP syndrome, highest hemoglobin, blood group, postoperative platelets, platelet transfusion, pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, fibrinogen extract.ConclusionAccording to the cluster analysis, we should keep fibrinogen extract in the foreground especially in the treatment of hemorrhage in patients with variable conditions. As a result, we can determine whether fibrinogen extract, which has a high economic cost, should be kept at each center. We can also direct which patient will be referred in accordance with the referral steps.