bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Developing Human Connectome Project: typical and disrupted perinatal functional connectivity
Authors: Eyre Michael , Fitzgibbon Sean P , Ciarrusta Judit , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Price Anthony N , Poppe Tanya , Schuh Andreas , Hughes Emer , O’Keeffe Camilla , Brandon Jakki , Cromb Daniel , Vecchiato Katy , Andersson Jesper , Duff Eugene P , Counsell Serena J , Smith Stephen M , Rueckert Daniel , Hajnal Joseph V , Arichi Tomoki , O’Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Batalle Dafnis , Edwards A David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) is an Open Science project which provides the first large sample of neonatal functional MRI (fMRI) data with high temporal and spatial resolution. This data enables mapping of intrinsic functional connectivity between spatially distributed brain regions under normal and adverse perinatal circumstances, offering a framework to study the ontogeny of large-scale brain organisation in humans. Here, we characterise in unprecedented detail the maturation and integrity of resting-state networks (RSNs) at normal term age in 337 infants (including 65 born preterm).First, we applied group independent component analysis (ICA) to define 11 RSNs in term-born infants scanned at 43.5-44.5 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Adult-like topography was observed in RSNs encompassing primary sensorimotor, visual and auditory cortices. Among six higher-order, association RSNs, analogues of the adult networks for language and ocular control were identified, but a complete default mode network precursor was not. Next, we regressed the subject-level datasets from an independent cohort of infants scanned at 37-43.5 weeks PMA against the group-level RSNs to test for the effects of age, sex and preterm birth. Brain mapping in term-born infants revealed areas of positive association with age across four of six association RSNs, indicating active maturation in functional connectivity from 37 to 43.5 weeks PMA. Female infants showed increased connectivity in inferotemporal regions of the visual association network. Preterm birth was associated with striking impairments of functional connectivity across all RSNs in a dose-dependent manner; conversely, connectivity of the superior parietal lobules within the lateral motor network was abnormally increased in preterm infants, suggesting a possible mechanism for specific difficulties such as developmental coordination disorder which occur frequently in preterm children.Overall, we find a robust, modular, symmetrical functional brain organisation at normal term age. A complete set of adult-equivalent primary RSNs is already instated, alongside emerging connectivity in immature association RSNs, consistent with a primary-to-higher-order ontogenetic sequence of brain development. The early developmental disruption imposed by preterm birth is associated with extensive alterations in functional connectivity.
Serotonin signaling by maternal neurons upon stress ensures progeny survival
Authors: Das Srijit , Ooi Felicia K. , Corchado Johnny Cruz , Fuller Leah C. , Weiner Joshua A. , Prahlad Veena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGerm cells are vulnerable to stress. Therefore, how organisms protect their future progeny from damage in a fluctuating environment is a fundamental question in biology. We show that inCaenorhabditis elegans, serotonin released by maternal neurons during stress ensures the viability and stress tolerance of future offspring by enabling the transcription factor HSF1 to alter chromatin in soon-to-be fertilized germ cells by recruiting the histone chaperone FACT, displacing histones, and initiating protective gene expression. Without maternal serotonin signaling by neurons, FACT is not recruited by HSF1 in germ cells, transcription occurs but is delayed, and progeny of stressedC. elegansmothers fail to complete development. Serotonin acts through a signal transduction pathway conserved betweenC. elegansand mammalian cells to facilitate HSF1 to recruit FACT. These studies uncover a novel mechanism by which stress sensing by neurons is coupled to transcription response times of germ cells to protect future offspring.
Poor Quality Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences Enforce TCRβ Allelic Exclusion by Limiting the Frequency of Vβ Recombination
Authors: Wu Glendon S. , Yang-Iott Katherine S. , Reed Morgann A. , Hayer Katharina E. , Lee Kyutae D. , Bassing Craig H. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYMonoallelic expression (allelic exclusion) of T and B lymphocyte antigen receptor genes is achieved by the assembly of a functional gene through V(D)J recombination on one allele and subsequent feedback inhibition of recombination on the other allele. There has been no validated mechanism for how only one allele of any antigen receptor locus assembles a functional gene prior to feedback inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that replacement of a single Vβ recombination signal sequence (RSS) with a better RSS increases Vβ rearrangement, revealsTcrballeles compete for utilization in the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and elevates the fraction of αβ T cells expressing TCRβ protein from both alleles. The data indicate that poor qualities of Vβ RSSs for recombination with Dβ and Jβ RSSs enforces allelic exclusion by stochastically limiting the incidence of functional Vβ rearrangements on both alleles before feedback inhibition terminates Vβ recombination.
Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by PhIP-Seq
Authors: Vazquez Sara E. , Ferré Elise M. N. , Scheel David W. , Sunshine Sara , Miao Brenda , Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Quandt Zoe , Chan Alice Y. , Cheng Mickie , German Michael S. , Lionakis Michail S. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Anderson Mark S. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe identification of autoantigens remains a critical challenge for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), a rare monogenic form of autoimmunity, presents as widespread autoimmunity with T and B cell responses to multiple organs. Importantly, autoantibody discovery in APS1 can illuminate fundamental disease pathogenesis, and many of the antigens found in APS1 extend to common autoimmune diseases. Here, we performed proteome-wide programmable phage-display (PhIP-Seq) on sera from an APS1 cohort and discovered multiple common antibody targets. These novel autoantigens exhibit tissue-restricted expression, including expression in enteroendocrine cells and dental enamel. Using detailed clinical phenotyping, we find novel associations between autoantibodies and organ-restricted autoimmunity, including between anti-KHDC3L autoantibodies and premature ovarian insufficiency, and between anti-RFX6 autoantibodies and diarrheal-type intestinal dysfunction. Our study highlights the utility of PhIP-Seq for interrogating antigenic repertoires in human autoimmunity and the importance of antigen discovery for improved understanding of disease mechanisms.
Lipid Sponge Droplets as Programmable Synthetic Organelles
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Niederholtmeyer Henrike , Podolsky Kira A. , Bhattacharya Rupak , Song Jing-Jin , Brea Roberto J. , Tsai Chu-Hsien , Sinha Sunil K. , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiving cells segregate molecules and reactions in various subcellular compartments known as organelles. Spatial organization is likely essential for expanding the biochemical functions of synthetic reaction systems, including artificial cells. Many studies have attempted to mimic organelle functions using lamellar membrane-bound vesicles. However, vesicles typically suffer from highly limited transport across the membranes and an inability to mimic the dense membrane networks typically found in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we describe programmable synthetic organelles based on highly stable nonlamellar sponge phase droplets that spontaneously assemble from a single-chain galactolipid and non-ionic detergents. Due to their nanoporous structure, lipid sponge droplets readily exchange materials with the surrounding environment. In addition, the sponge phase contains a dense network of lipid bilayers and nanometric aqueous channels, which allows different classes of molecules to partition based on their size, polarity, and specific binding motifs. The sequestration of biologically relevant macromolecules can be programmed by the addition of suitably functionalized amphiphiles to the droplets. We demonstrate that droplets can harbor functional soluble and transmembrane proteins, allowing for the co-localization and concentration of enzymes and substrates to enhance reaction rates. Droplets protect bound proteins from proteases, and these interactions can be engineered to be reversible and optically controlled. Our results show that lipid sponge droplets permit the facile integration of membrane-rich environments and self-assembling spatial organization with biochemical reaction systems.Significance statementOrganelles spatially and temporally orchestrate biochemical reactions in a cell to a degree of precision that is still unattainable in synthetic reaction systems. Additionally, organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contain highly interconnected and dense membrane networks that provide large reaction spaces for both transmembrane and soluble enzymes. We present lipid sponge droplets to emulate the functions of organelles such as the ER. We demonstrate that lipid sponge droplets can be programmed to internally concentrate specific proteins, host and accelerate biochemical transformations, and to rapidly and reversibly sequester and release proteins to control enzymatic reactions. The self-assembled and programmable nature of lipid sponge droplets will facilitate the integration of complex functions for bottom up synthetic biology.
Caste at work: study of factors influencing attitudes toward affirmative action in India
Authors: Prasad Ambika , O’Brien Laurie T. , E. Smith Sockbeson Caitlin 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of caste identity in applied settings. The authors do this within the larger framework of affirmative action programs (AAPs) or “reservations” in India. The paper explores the interplay of a primordial identity like caste with the modern institutions representing equality – a context unique to India.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the findings of two experimental studies collecting data using Mechanical Turk.FindingsThe first study finds that an individual hired under the AAP is perceived poorly on his/her competence and reward worthiness. The second study finds support for the influence of an individual’s conception of modern casteism and his/her caste identity as factors in shaping attitudes toward AAP.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper lays the groundwork but does not explore the contours of casteism in contemporary India. Understanding of this construct as well as the impact of factors as region, education, urbanization, religion, nature of employment, etc. on caste dynamics should be considered by future research.Practical implicationsThe paper uncovers some similarities between Indian and Western findings, but it also demonstrates key differences between findings related to race-based AAPs in the West and the caste-based AAP in India. This understanding will guide discourses on diversity management in under-researched countries like India. The findings can sensitize organizations to the need for addressing unconscious biases related to caste.Social implicationsThe paper underscores the continuing relevance of caste in modern India and the negative perceptions of lower castes. The paper finds that individuals with an appreciation of the subtle forms of casteism are sympathetic to programs that promote social equality. In modern social contexts this nuanced operationalization of casteism can be a relevant indicator of caste dynamics.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to examine caste-based AAP in India in an applied study and unpacks the psychological underpinnings of the attitudes toward AAP.
Local institutions and indigenous knowledge in adoption and scaling of climate-smart agricultural innovations among sub-Saharan smallholder farmers
Authors: Makate Clifton 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss how enhancing the role of local institutions (LI) and incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK) in climate change adaptation planning can improve adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of relevant literature from sub-Saharan Africa was used to answer the study research questions.

Findings
Embracing IK and LI in climate change adaptation projects can enhance adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations in smallholder farming. Such efforts will improve: information gathering and dissemination, mobilization of resources, establishment of useful networks with relevant stakeholders, capacity building farmers on various fronts and provision of leadership in climate adaptation programs.

Practical implications
Fully embracing IK and LI can improve the scaling of climate-smart innovations only if development partners recognize IK systems that are to be transformed and build on them instead of trying to replace them. Also, participatory approaches in scaling innovations will enhance input from rural people in climate change adaptation programs.

Originality/value
Development interventions aimed at taking proven effective climate-smart innovations to scale must, therefore, engage local communities and their indigenous institutions as active stakeholders in designing, planning and implementation of their climate adaptation programs.
The role of health locus of control in value co-creation for standardized screening services
Authors: Davey Janet , Herbst Judith , Johns Raechel , Parkinson Joy , Russell-Bennett Rebekah , Zainuddin Nadia 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Despite the availability and accessibility of standardized screening services, such as preventative health services, many individuals avoid participation. The extant health literature has indicated that health locus of control (HLOC) influences engagement and uptake of health services. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the microfoundation, HLOC, contributes to value co-creation via service-generated and self-generated activities in standardized screening services.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study of 25 consumers who have experienced one of the three standardized screening services in Australia was undertaken, followed by thematic analysis of the data.

Findings
Service-generated activities elicit reactive responses from consumers – compliance and relinquishing control – but when customers lead co-creation activities, their active responses emphasize protecting self and others, understanding relationship needs and gaining control. Consumers with high internal HLOC are more likely to take initiative for their health, take active control of the process and feel empowered through participating. Consumers with low internal HLOC, in contrast, require more motivation for participation, including encouragement from powerful others through promotion or interpersonal dialogue.

Social implications
These findings can be used by policymakers and providers of preventative health services for the betterment of citizen health.

Originality/value
The integration of the DART framework, customer value co-creation activities, and the delineation of self-generated and service-generated activities provides a holistic framework to understand the influence of HLOC on the co-creation of value in standardized screening services.
International assignments, human capital resources and MNC subsidiary performance in CEE countries
Authors: Zaharie Monica , Poór József , Ratiu Patricia , Osoian Codruta 
Published: January 2020

PurposeMultinational companies (MNCs) expect the highest return from their locally dispersed units, and thus the factors that impact the success of the subsidiaries have been of great interest to the literature. Building on the resource-based view, this paper aims to explore the effects of a set of contextual resources, in particular, the international staffing (expatriate and inpatriate assignments) and human capital resources on the performance of foreign-owned subsidiaries in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries.Design/methodology/approachBy means of a survey applied on 295 MNC subsidiaries from five CEE countries (Hungary, Romania, Poland, Serbia and the Czech Republic), the paper reveals the main relationships between contextual subsidiary level resources (the in-coming and out-going international assignments, human capital resources at both employee and management level and the human resource knowledge transfer) and the subsidiary performance.FindingsThis paper brings empirical support for the positive relationship between the MNCs’ contextual resources, in particular, the inpatriate assignments, the human capital resources and the performance of the locally dispersed subsidiaries. The findings show an interaction effect between the inpatriate and the expatriate assignments on the performance of the subsidiaries. The empirical results bring an insight into the understanding of the added value that the out-going inpatriate assignments and the human capital resources have for the global businesses.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is empirical in nature and calls for further exploration of the topic on larger random MNC samples. The findings of this paper have the potential to improve how the management of the global businesses leverages the inpatriate assignments and human capital resources, thus leading to more value-added to stakeholders.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper stems from the implementation of the empirical survey in the dynamic but under-researched context of the CEE region. Thus, the findings reveal valuable input about the contribution of the human capital resources at the subsidiary level for the performance of the locally dispersed MNC units in five European developing countries.
Global effects of land use on biodiversity differ among functional groups
Authors: Newbold Tim , Bentley Laura F. , Hill Samantha L. L. , Edgar Melanie J. , Horton Matthew , Su Geoffrey , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Collen Ben , Purvis Andy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Human land use has caused substantial declines in global species richness. Evidence from different taxonomic groups and geographic regions suggests that land use does not equally impact all organisms within terrestrial ecological communities, and that different functional groups of species may respond differently. In particular, we expect large carnivores to decline more in disturbed land uses than other animal groups.

We present the first global synthesis of responses to land use across functional groups using data from a wide set of animal species, including herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, fungivores and detritivores; and ranging in body mass from 2 × 10−6 g (an oribatid mite) to 3,825 kg (the African elephant).

We show that the abundance of large endotherms, small ectotherms, carnivores and fungivores (although in the last case, not significantly) are reduced disproportionately in human land uses compared with the abundance of other functional groups.

The results, suggesting that certain functional groups are consistently favoured over others in land used by humans, imply a substantial restructuring of ecological communities. Given that different functional groups make unique contributions to ecological processes, it is likely that there will be substantial impacts on the functioning of ecosystems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Exploring movement decisions: Can Bayesian movement‐state models explain crop consumption behaviour in elephants (Loxodonta africana)?
Authors: Vogel Susanne Marieke , Lambert Ben , Songhurst Anna Catherine , McCulloch Graham Paul , Stronza Amanda Lee , Coulson Tim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Animal movements towards goals or targets are based upon either maximization of resource acquisition or risk avoidance, and the way animals move can reveal information about their motivation.

We use hidden Markov models (HMMs) fitted in a Bayesian framework and hourly Global Positioning System fixes to distinguish animal movements into distinct states and analyse the influence of environmental variables on being in, and switching to, a particular state. Specifically, we apply our models to understand elephant movement decisions around agricultural fields, and crop consumption. As it is unclear what the role of habitat features are on this complex process, we analyse whether elephants target agricultural crops for consumption, or simply pass through them in search of water.

Our HMMs separate elephant movements into two states: exploratory movements that are fast and directional, and encamped movements that are slow and meandering. For each elephant, we ran 16 models with each possible combination of selected habitat features (river, elephant corridor, agricultural field, trees), and repeated these analyses including interaction effects with both season and time of day. We used cross‐validation to select the best model.

In corridors, exploratory movements are dominant. Elephants mainly showed encamped movements at the river during the dry season, when temporary water sources have dried out and elephants relied on this permanent water source. In fields, males most often exhibited exploratory movements to and from the river, while females showed an increase in the frequency of encamped behaviour during the dry season and at night—the times when most crop consumption and movements through fields occur.

Adaptation to risk could explain this behaviour, since foraging in fields is likely less risky under the cover of darkness and during the dry season when farmers are absent. This sex segregation in elephant movement decisions highlights the importance of predation risk in shaping movement patterns, which can result in sex segregation in responses to mitigation methods. The increase in encamped movements in the dry season suggests the importance of agricultural timing, and shows the potential for early ploughing and early‐harvest crop types in order to reduce elephant crop consumption. Taking this into account could increase efficiency of elephant crop consumption mitigation.