bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of centralization on complex surgical care: A population-based case study of radical cystectomy
Authors: Siemens D. Robert , Visram Kash , Wei Xuejiao , Booth Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: We sought to determine whether non-mandated or passive centralization of radical cystectomy (RC) to higher-volume centers leads to enhanced processes-of-care and outcomes.
Methods: This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study that used the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) to identify all incident patients who underwent RC from 1994‒2013. Electronic records of treatment were linked to OCR; pathology records were obtained for all cases and reviewed by a team of trained data abstractors. The primary objective was to describe annual provider RC volumes. Secondary objectives included investigating process and outcome measures.
Results: For the 5574 patients identified, the mean annual surgeon volume and hospital volume of RC during 1994–2008 was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4–4.7) and 12.2 (95% CI 11.8–12.5), respectively. From 2009‒2013, these volumes significantly increased to 6.8 (95% CI 6.5–7. 1) and 16.4 (95% CI 15.8–16.9). Process variables improved over time, including the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Over the study period, there was a substantial improvement in cancer-specific survival (CSS): hazard ratio (HR) 0.60 (95% CI 0.53‒0.67) for 2009‒2013. During the most recent era, there was still evidence of a provider volume effect on both process measures and CSS.
Conclusions: There has been recent passive centralization of RC to higher-volume providers in the province of Ontario with measurable improvements in processes of quality care. Although centralization was also associated with improvement in CSS, in the most recent era, there continues to be low-volume providers with a residual volume-outcome effect.
Gender disparity within academic Canadian urology
Authors: Ilin Julius , Langlois Emilie , Jalal Sabeena , Khosa Faisal 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Increasing female matriculation into medical school has shown an increase in women training in academic urology, but gender disparity still exists within this male-dominated field. This study aims to evaluate publication productivity and rank differences of Canadian female and male academic urologists.
Methods: The Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) was used to compile a list of 12 Canadian accredited urology programs. Using each institution’s website, faculty members’ names, genders, academic positions, and leadership ranks were noted. SCOPUS© was consulted to tabulate the number of documents published, citations, and h-index of each faculty member. To account for temporal bias associated with the h-index, the m-quotient was also computed.
Results: There was a significantly higher number of men (164, 88.17%) among academic faculty than women (22, 11.83%). As academic rank increased, the proportion of female urologists decreased. Overall, male urologists had higher academic ranks, h-index values, number of publications, and citations (p=0.038, p=0.0038, p=0.0011, and p=0.014, respectively). There was an insignificant difference between men and women with respect to their m-quotient medians (p=0.25).
Conclusions: There is an increasing number of women completing residency in urology, although there are disproportionally fewer female urologists at senior academic positions. Significant differences were found in the h-index, publication count, and citation number between male and female urologists. When using the m-quotient to adjust for temporal bias, no significant differences were found between the gender in terms of academic output.
Enhancing Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts Through the Integration of Seismic Stratigraphy and Seismic Geomorphology with Process Sedimentology—Positive Feedback Loops that Result in Improved Stratigraphic and Lithologic Predictions
Authors: Posamentier Henry W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Seismic stratigraphic and seismic geomorphologic observations can yield comprehensive sequence stratigraphic interpretations. When these interpretations incorporate process sedimentological inferences, more robust interpretations are produced. In practice, each informs the other, creating a strong positive feedback loop that results in a more comprehensive interpretation. Moreover, considerations of process sedimentology can lead to extension of interpretations both up-system and down-system of study areas. The end result will be enhanced regional lithologic prediction. Two examples are used to illustrate this work flow: deep-water channels and deep-water terminal fans. In the former, the architecture of channel fills implies an early erosional phase associated with relatively large flows, which commonly characterize early lowstand periods. This early erosional phase, having little to no preserved deposits due to repeated cannibalization, creates the “container” that will ultimately provide the accommodation for sedimentation. Subsequently, this sedimentation occurs during late lowstand, which is characterized by relatively smaller, less energetic flows that result in a net depositional phase. Considerations of process sedimentology shed light both on the genesis of deposits within the channel as well as what has occurred up-system where associated flows originated. In the case of deep-water terminal fans, the succession of depositional systems as documented by seismic stratigraphic and seismic geomorphologic data is interpreted through the lens of process sedimentology, resulting in enhanced understanding of the depositional sequence that is preserved and enhanced lithologic predictability. In this case as well, this integrated work flow results in predictions relevant to both up-system and down-system deposits.
Stratigraphic Sweet Spots—Exploration Insights from a Eustatic Model
Authors: van Buchem Frans , Simmons Mike 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The successful application of sequence stratigraphy in the petroleum industry is linked to its capability to predict stratigraphic architecture accurately. This includes the distribution and nature of petroleum system elements (reservoir, source rock, and seal) away from subsurface control points. These predictions generally address the intermediate, or third-order sequence scale, and related systems tracts. An up-scaled view can help determine the long-term temporal and large-scale spatial stratigraphic patterns link to eustasy and related or coinciding global events. The ultimate objective of such an endeavor is to identify and predict stratigraphic sweet spots (i.e., those moments in time when all factors align to create effective petroleum habitats). The existence of such sweet spots is demonstrated by the uneven distribution of petroleum resources throughout geological time.
A two-stepped approach is advocated to identify stratigraphic sweet spots. First, the character of the sea-level curve is documented, paying particular attention to amplitude and frequency. Secondly, its relationship to other global events and the resulting stratigraphic patterns are illustrated. Two examples are presented — the hydrocarbon-rich Lower Cretaceous Aptian and Valanginian stages. In both cases, well documented, high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations occur, but they are characterized by very different petroleum habitats. Factors responsible for this difference are the rate of sea-level fluctuations, the coincidence with an Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE), and the plate tectonic configuration.
Erosion and Ponding of Thunder Horse Deep-Water Turbidites by Mass Transport Complexes in Mississippi Canyon Based on Image Log Sedimentology
Authors: Henry Lindsey C. , Wadsworth Jennifer A. , Hansen Birger 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Stacked mass transport deposits interbedded with turbidite sandstone reservoirs were characterized in detail from image logs at Thunder Horse, a conventional asset located in the Boarshead mini-basin, lower Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico. Image logs visualize the borehole wall, allowing bedding boundary information and some sedimentary fabric to be identified. From bedding boundaries, dip azimuths and magnitudes can be calculated, and depositional processes can be inferred from patterns in the dips. Dips in the primary sandstone reservoirs show little variation (&lt; 20°) in structural tilt, indicating continuous deposition by high density turbidity currents prior to major structural deformation and are thus the best proxy for regional structural dip. In contrast, dips in 80% of all mudrocks in this canyon show widely varying dip magnitude and azimuth over small and large scales and are interpreted as having been deposited by slumps, slides, and folds, building up to form mass transport complexes. Only very rarely do we observe mudrock dips that are conformable to the regional dip and strike.
Unconformable bedding contacts at the tops of the sandstone reservoirs in northern Thunder Horse suggest scouring and erosion by overlying mass transport deposits, whereas basal sandstone contacts are in conformance with structural dip, suggesting amalgamation. On seismic data, albeit low-resolution due to the overhanging salt canopy, the mass transport complexes appear to build up into a gradual mound.
Core was acquired in the upper 60 m of the mass transport complex, revealing convoluted and folded bedding capped by highly bioturbated marl, which is thought to represent a Glossifungites hiatal surface resulting from the mass transport complexes building up a topographic high, forcing subsequent debris and turbidite flows to travel around rather than over that location. The topographic high ponded the overlying reservoir behind it, preferentially thickening the sandstone reservoir behind the mound. Thus, mass transport complexes were found to both erode and augment sandstone reservoirs. Biostratigraphic dating of the two reservoirs brackets their deposition as occurring in &lt;400,000 years during the Serravalian, Middle Miocene, probably as a result of the Harang shelf failure.
As a case study this type of integrated, high resolution data (core, image logs, seismic) has wide applicability to other deepwater, subsalt reservoirs, as improved structural and depositional interpretations inform reservoir performance and impact future well plans. Further, recognition of mass transport complexes as agents of reservoir compartmentalization and sandstone ponding allow for more accurate reserve estimation.
Les travailleurs temporaires étrangers au Québec. Quels avantages pour les travailleurs qualifiés ?
Authors: Bélanger Danièle , Ouellet Myriam , Fleury Charles 
Published: November 2019

La littérature scientifique sur les travailleurs temporaires au Canada porte principalement sur ceux occupant des emplois peu qualifiés. Or, des milliers d’emplois exigeant des niveaux élevés de qualification sont également occupés par des travailleurs temporaires. Basé sur 26 entretiens qualitatifs, cet article analyse les parcours et les expériences de travailleurs temporaires « qualifiés » au Québec à la lumière de la « temporairité » de leur statut. Nos résultats montrent que, malgré un régime de droits les favorisant, ces travailleurs sont sujets à une double précarité, à la fois en tant que résidents et en tant que travailleurs temporaires. D’un point de vue conceptuel, nous invitons à repenser la notion de précarité pour l’ensemble des travailleurs temporaires et à la nécessité d’élargir les analyses au-delà de quelques programmes ou de la nationalité des travailleurs temporaires.
L’émigration en action. Activités, stratégies et contraintes d’un couple brésilien middling
Authors: Schlobach Monica 
Published: November 2019

Cet article traite du processus de prise de décision d’un couple d’ingénieurs brésiliens lors de leur immigration au Québec. La méthode d’analyse est celle des récits de vie. Quatre défis ont été identifiés lors du processus de préparation migratoire : (1) l’annonce de la décision migratoire ; (2) la maîtrise de la langue ; (3) le manque d’informations concernant les démarches à suivre et (4) l’incertitude concernant la capacité d’adaptation à la société de destination. L’analyse indique que la migration se décide d’abord dans la société de départ, se construit à partir des réseaux sociaux des migrants dans la société d’origine et se prépare par la mobilisation et la création de nouvelles ressources, dont les réseaux sociaux virtuels établis avec les immigrants dans la société d’arrivée.
Den historiske trollkvinne
Authors: Willumsen Liv Helene 
Published: November 2019

Foredraget dreier seg om hvordan lærde ideer om trolldom, en doktrine kalt demonologi, som spredte seg utover Europa ca. 1450–1750, kommer frem under trolldomssaker mot kvinner. Jeg vil ta utgangspunkt i to rettssaker mot kvinner som var anklaget for trolldom, den ene fra Flandern 1596 og den andre fra Finnmark 1662–1663. I foredraget vil jeg forsøke å belyse på hva slags måte det fiendebildet som ble tegnet av de forfulgte kvinnene, hadde sammenheng med demonologiske ideer. Metodologisk har jeg valgt en innfallsvinkel basert på narrativ diskurs, ut fra Gérhard Genettes arbeider, med særlig vektlegging av kategorien stemme. Genettes teoretisk-metodiske tankegods er de senere år på en fruktbar måte benyttet i analyser av eldre historisk kildemateriale. Selv understreker Genette nødvendigheten av kontekstualisering av historiske kilder. Gjennom nærlesning av kilder der begrepet stemme har vært en inspirasjonsfaktor, vil jeg forsøke ut fra originale rettsreferater å gi en individualisert fremstilling av to menneskeskjebner innenfor en gitt rettshistorisk og mentalitetshistorisk ramme.
I foredraget vil jeg fokusere på forhøret som skjer i rettslokalet. Under forhøret tydeliggjøres hvem som stiller spørsmål og hvem som svarer, i tillegg til den tematiske kretsingen som foregår med henblikk på innholdsmessige momenter. Det er hvordan bildet av trollkvinnen som en farlig fiende, tegnes under sakens gang, som er mitt anliggende å presentere og å problematisere. Foredraget vil også berøre hvordan pressmidler og tortur bidrar til utviklingen av en trolldomssak, der sluttpunktet ofte er den anklagedes tilståelse samt dom til ild og bål.
Prevalence and Antibiogram Characteristics of Bacteriuria and Cadidiuria among Indigenes of Selected Parts of Akure North, Ondo State
Authors: Bodunrinde Ruth Ebunoluwa , Olusola-Makinde Olubukola , Oladunmoye Muftau Kolawole 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and antibiogram characteristics of bacteria and fungi in urine samples of some selected towns in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Experimental design.
Study Location: Urine samples were collected from patients visiting University of Medical Science Teaching Hospital Akure and indigenes of Ogbese, Ipogun-Ayo and Ita-oniyan community in Ondo North, Nigeria.
Methodology: Pre-survey of the study participants was carried out using randomly distributed questionnaires. Two hundred and forty-three (243) urine samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy male and female participants cutting across different age groups. Presumptive identification of isolated bacteria and fungi were cultured on general and differential media (cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar, blood agar, nutrient agar, and Potato dextrose agar, for fungal isolates) were done using standard methods. The clinical and relative typed isolates were collected from Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO) and were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity pattern using array of ten (10) conventional antibiotics according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Instruction.
Results: Stapylococcus aureus was the most frequently occurred (27.2%) bacteria isolated from the urine samples while, Candida albicans had the least (5.6%) occurrence. These findings revealed that bacteriuria and candidiuria were prevalent among the indigenes of Ipogun-Ayo, Ondo State, with antibiotic sensitivity to few conventional antibiotics. This is an indication of UTI among the indigenes and urgent need for medical attention.
A TEORIA MARXISTA DA DEPENDÊNCIA À LUZ DE MARX E DO CAPITALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Martins Carlos Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

<p>Neste artigo, analisam-se as principais contribuições da economia política da dependência a partir dos debates que a obra de Ruy Mauro Marini suscitou. Propõe-se a reformulação teórica dos conceitos de superexploração do trabalho e de subimperialismo, com o objetivo de atualizar e enriquecer a teoria marxista da dependência, para a análise das tendências do capitalismo contemporâneo e das formas históricas que ele assumiu na América Latina. O texto se divide em três partes: a primeira onde se expõem o pensamento de Marini e suas contribuições para a economia política; a segunda onde se apresentam as principais críticas realizadas ao seu enfoque; e a terceira onde se busca sustentar seu enfoque a partir de algumas reformulações que se consideram necessárias para desenvolvê-lo.</p><div class="trans-abstract"><p><span>THE DEPENDENCY THEORY IN THE LIGHT OF MARX AND CONTEMPORARY CAPITALISM</span></p><p>The article analyzes the main contributions of the political economy of dependence from the debates that the work of Ruy Mauro Marini aroused. It proposes the theoretical reformulation of the concepts of superexploitation of labor and of subimperialism with the aim of updating and enriching the Marxist theory of dependency to analyze the trends of contemporary capitalism and the historical forms it has assumed in Latin America. It is divided into three parts, the first where Marini’s thinking and his contributions to political economy are presented, the second where the main criticisms of his approach are presented, and the third one where we sustain his approach from some reformulations that are considered necessary to develop it.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexplotation of labour; Subimperialism; Marxist political economy; Marini; Marx</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><span>LA THÉORIE DE LA DÉPENDENCE À LA LUMIÈRE DU MARX ET DU CAPITALISME CONTEMPORAINE</span></p><p>L’articleanalyse les principales contributions de l’économiepolitique de la dépendance aux débats suscités par le travail de Ruy Mauro Marini. Il propose la reformulation théorique des concepts de surexploitation du travail et de sub-impérialisme dans le but de mettre à jour et d’enrichir la théorie marxiste de la dépendance pour analyser les tendances du capitalismecontemporain et les formes historiques qu’il a assumées en Amérique Latine. Il est divisé en trois parties, la première où la pensée de Marini et ses contributions à l’économie politique sont présentées, la seconde où les principales critiques de son approche sont présentées, et la troisième où il cherche à soutenir son approche à partir de certaines reformulations qui sont considérés comme nécessaires pour le développer.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexploration du travail; Sous-imperialism; Économiepolitiquemarxiste; Marini; Marx</p></div>
Nonlinear time series analysis unravels underlying mechanisms of interspecific synchrony among foliage‐feeding forest Lepidoptera species
Authors: Kawatsu Kazutaka , Yamanaka Takehiko , Patoèka Jan , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterspecific synchrony, that is, synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species can arise via several possible mechanisms, including common environmental effects, direct interactions between species, and shared trophic interactions, so that distinguishing the relative importance of these causes can be challenging. In this study, to overcome this difficulty, we combine traditional correlation analysis with a novel framework of nonlinear time series analysis, empirical dynamic modeling (EDM). The EDM is an analytical framework to identify causal relationships and measure changing interaction strength from time series. We apply this approach to time series of sympatric foliage‐feeding forest Lepidoptera species in the Slovak Republic and yearly mean temperature, precipitation and North Atlantic Oscillation Index. These Lepidoptera species include both free‐feeding and leaf‐roller larval life histories: the former are hypothesized to be more strongly affected by similar exogenous environments, while the latter are isolated from such pressures. Correlation analysis showed that interspecific synchrony is generally strongest between species within same feeding guild. In addition, the convergent cross mapping analysis detected causal effects of meteorological factors on most of the free‐feeding species while such effects were not observed in the leaf‐rolling species. However, there were fewer causal relationships among species. The multivariate S‐map analysis showed that meteorological factors tend to affect similar free‐feeding species that are synchronous with each other. These results indicate that shared meteorological factors are key drivers of interspecific synchrony among members of the free‐feeding guild, but do not play the same role in synchronizing species within the leaf‐roller guild.
Mid‐life and late‐life vascular risk factor burden and neuropathology in old age
Authors: Conner Sarah C. , Pase Matthew P. , Carneiro Herman , Raman Mekala R. , McKee Ann C. , Alvarez Victor E. , Walker Jamie M. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Himali Jayandra J. , Stein Thor D. , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether vascular risk factor burden in mid‐ or late‐life associates with postmortem vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies in a community‐based sample.MethodsWe studied participants from the Framingham Heart Study who participated in our voluntary brain bank program. Overall vascular risk factor burden was calculated using the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP). Mid‐life FSRP was measured at 50 to 60 years of age. Following death, brains were autopsied and semi‐quantitatively assessed by board‐certified neuropathologists for cerebrovascular outcomes (cortical infarcts, subcortical infarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis) and Alzheimer’s disease pathology (Braak stage, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and neuritic plaque score). We estimated adjusted odds ratios between vascular risk burden (at mid‐life and before death) and neuropathological outcomes using logistic and proportional‐odds logistic models.ResultsThe median time interval between FSRP and death was 33.4 years for mid‐life FSRP and 4.4 years for final FSRP measurement before death. Higher mid‐life vascular risk burden was associated with increased odds of all cerebrovascular pathology, even with adjustment for vascular risk burden before death. Late‐life vascular risk burden was associated with increased odds of cortical infarcts (OR [95% CI]: 1.04 [1.00, 1.08]) and arteriosclerosis stage (OR [95% CI]: 1.03 [1.00, 1.05]). Mid‐life vascular risk burden was not associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology, though late‐life vascular risk burden was associated with increased odds of higher Braak stage (OR [95% CI]: 1.03 [1.01, 1.05]).InterpretationMid‐life vascular risk burden was predictive of cerebrovascular but not Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology, even after adjustment for vascular risk factors before death.