bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Analysis of the Phytochemical Contents of Different Anatomical Parts of Ripe Solanum aethiopicum Linneaus Fruits
Authors: Tunwagun David Adesoye , Akinyemi Olalekan Amos , Ayoade Titilayo Eunice , Oyelere Sunday Faith 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To determine qualitatively the amount of alkaloids, saponin, tannin, volatile oil, phenol and flavonoids in the different anatomical parts of ripe Solanum aethiopicum Linn fruits.
Methodology: Solanum aethiopicum Linn fruits were purchased from Sabo market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The fruits were separated with a razor into four (4) anatomical parts (the epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed) after washing with distilled water. 1gram of each anatomical parts of the fruit were soaked in 20mls of distilled water,1% volume per volume (v/v), 2% v/v, 3%v/v, 4%v/v and 5%v/v of ethanol, ethylacetate and methanol separately. The mixtures were left for 24 hours after which they were sieved to obtain the extracts. The presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, volatile oil, phenol and flavonoid were determined qualitatively in the extracts at selected concentrations.
Results: The results obtained showed that alkaloids are more concentrated in the mesocarp of Solanum aethiopicum Linn; volatile (essential) oil is more pronounced in the mesocarp and endocarp of Solanum aethiopicum Linn; saponin is confirmed in all anatomical parts of the fruit at reasonable quality except in the seed; tannin is found to be moderately present only in the aqueous extract of mesocarp of Solanum aethiopicum Linn fruit while the presence of phenol and flavonoids were confirmed in trace amount at few tested concentrations of the extracts.
Conclusion: Taken together, the presence of a variety of phytochemicals in the different anatomical parts of Solanum aethiopicum Linn fruit indicate that the fruit might be pharmacologically active against a number of diseases. However, this should be subjected to subsequent researches.
The conceptual framework of the PMM Network
Authors: McCarthy J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUnderstanding the determinants of maternal mortality is a complex task, in part because maternal deaths are influenced by many different categories of events or conditions. Biology, economics, culture, demography and the distribution and effectiveness of health services all contribute. Conceptual frameworks have made important contributions to our understanding of the determinants of other, equally complex events, such as fertility and child survival. Also referred to as ‘proximate determinants frameworks’, such models are useful because they identify the specific mechanisms through which social, economic and cultural factors lead to the event of interest. Our model identifies the precise sequence of events that lead to maternal death (pregnancy, complication and death) and specifies categories of intermediate factors and distant factors that directly affect one or more of these events. When the world literature on maternal mortality was analyzed in light of the causal pathways laid out in the conceptual framework, it became clear that some pathways are more amenable to intervention and change than others. Implications for strategies, programs and monitoring and evaluation are discussed. © 1997 International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
A 3D Self‐Assembled In Vitro Model to Simulate Direct and Indirect Interactions between Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Shahin‐Shamsabadi Alireza , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of the development and progression of diabetes and obesity involve complex interactions between adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Although 2D in‐vitro models are the gold standard for the mechanistic study of such behaviors, they do not recreate the complexity and dynamics of the interactions between the cell types involved. Alternatively, animal models are used but are expensive, difficult to visualize or analyze, are not completely representative of human physiology or genetic background, and have associated ethical considerations. 3D co‐culture systems can be complementary to these approaches. Here, using a newly developed 3D biofabrication method, adipocytes and myoblasts are positioned precisely either in direct physical contact or in close proximity such that the paracrine effects could be systematically studied. Suitable protocols for growth and differentiation of both cells in the co‐culture system is also developed. Cells show more restrained lipid and protein production in 3D systems compared to 2D ones and adipocytes show more lipolysis in indirect contact with myoblasts as response to drug treatment. These findings emphasize importance of physical contact between cells that have been overlooked in co‐culture systems using transwell inserts and can be used in studies for the development of anti‐obesity drugs.
Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) Nanofiber Scaffolds Deliver Neurotrophic Payloads to Enhance Neuronal Growth
Authors: Zuidema Jonathan M. , Dumont Courtney M. , Wang Joanna , Batchelor Wyndham M. , Lu Yi‐Sheng , Kang Jinyoung , Bertucci Alessandro , Ziebarth Noel M. , Shea Lonnie D. , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScaffolds made from biocompatible polymers provide physical cues to direct the extension of neurites and to encourage repair of damaged nerves. The inclusion of neurotrophic payloads in these scaffolds can substantially enhance regrowth and repair processes. However, many promising neurotrophic candidates are excluded from this approach due to incompatibilities with the polymer or with the polymer processing conditions. This work provides one solution to this problem by incorporating porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that are preloaded with the therapeutic into a polymer scaffold during fabrication. The nanoparticle‐drug‐polymer hybrids are prepared in the form of oriented poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanofiber scaffolds. Three different therapeutic payloads are tested: bpV(HOpic), a small molecule inhibitor of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); an RNA aptamer specific to tropomyosin‐related kinase receptor type B (TrkB); and the protein nerve growth factor (NGF). Each therapeutic is loaded using a loading chemistry that is optimized to slow the rate of release of these water‐soluble payloads. The drug‐loaded pSiNP‐nanofiber hybrids release approximately half of their TrkB aptamer, bpV(HOpic), or NGF payload in 2, 10, and >40 days, respectively. The nanofiber hybrids increase neurite extension relative to drug‐free control nanofibers in a dorsal root ganglion explant assay.
A Wearable Supercapacitor Based on Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Cloth and a Sweat Electrolyte
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Pullanchiyodan Abhilash , Yogeswaran Nivasan , Hosseini Ensieh S. , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA sweat‐based flexible supercapacitor (SC) for self‐powered smart textiles and wearable systems is presented. The developed SC uses sweat as the electrolyte and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the active electrode. With PEDOT:PSS coated onto cellulose/polyester cloth, the SC shows specific capacitance of 8.94 F g−1 (10 mF cm−2) at 1 mV s−1. With artificial sweat, the energy and power densities of the SC are 1.36 Wh kg−1 and 329.70 W kg−1, respectively for 1.31 V and its specific capacitance is 5.65 F g−1. With real human sweat the observed energy and power densities are 0.25 Wh kg−1, and 30.62 W kg−1, respectively. The SC performance is evaluated with different volumes of sweat (20, 50, and 100 µL), bending radii (10, 15, 20 mm), charging/discharging stability (4000 cycles), and washability. With successful on‐body testing, the first demonstration of the suitability of a sweat‐based SC for self‐powered cloth‐based sensors to monitor sweat salinity is presented. With attractive performance and the use of body fluids, the presented approach is a safe and sustainable route to meet the power requirements in wearable systems.
Cobalt Plasmonic Superstructures Enable Almost 100% Broadband Photon Efficient CO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Feng Kai , Wang Shenghua , Zhang Dake , Wang Lu , Yu Yingying , Feng Kun , Li Zhao , Zhu Zhijie , Li Chaoran , Cai Mujin , Wu Zhiyi , Kong Ning , Yan Binhang , Zhong Jun , Zhang Xiaohong , Ozin Geoffrey A. , He Le 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis for converting solar to chemical energy is low on a per photon basis mainly because of the difficulty of capturing and utilizing light across the entire solar spectral wavelength range. This challenge is addressed herein with a plasmonic superstructure, fashioned as an array of nanoscale needles comprising cobalt nanocrystals assembled within a sheath of porous silica grown on a fluorine tin oxide substrate. This plasmonic superstructure can strongly absorb sunlight through different mechanisms including enhanced plasmonic excitation by the hybridization of Co nanoparticles in close proximity, as well as inter‐ and intra‐band transitions. With nearly 100% sunlight harvesting ability, it drives the photothermal hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with a 20‐fold rate increase from the silica‐supported cobalt catalyst. The present work bridges the gap between strong light‐absorbing plasmonic superstructures with photothermal CO2 catalysis toward the complete utilization of the solar energy.
Assessment of Pressure and Density of Confined Water in Graphene Liquid Cells
Authors: Ghodsi Seyed Mohammadreza , Sharifi‐Asl Soroosh , Rehak Pavel , Král Petr , Megaridis Constantine M. , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Shokuhfar Tolou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of confined matter within Van der Waals (VdW) materials is complicated due to the interplay of various factors, including the VdW interaction between the interlayers, the layer interaction with the matter, and the bending strain energy of the layers to accommodate encapsulation. Herein, new insight on the magnitude of pressure and density of water entrapped within confined spaces in VdW materials is provided. This is accomplished by studying the plasmon excitation of water encapsulated between two sheets of graphene membranes in an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. The results indicate ≈12% maximum increase in the density of water under tight graphene encasement, where pressure as high as 400 MPa is expected. The pressure estimation from theoretical analysis considering the effect of VdW forces, Laplace pressure, and strain energy is in agreement with the experimental results. The findings of this work open new opportunities to explore the local physical state of not only water but also other liquid materials under high pressure with imaging and analytical resolutions never achieved before.
Highly Symmetric and Extremely Compact Multiple Winding Microtubes by a Dry Rolling Mechanism
Authors: Moradi Somayeh , Naz Ehsan Saei Ghareh , Li Guodong , Bandari Nooshin , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Zhu Feng , Wendrock Horst , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRolled‐up nanotechnology has received significant attention to self‐assemble planar nanomembranes into 3D micro and nanotubular architectures. These tubular structures have been well recognized as novel building blocks in a variety of applications ranging from microelectronics and nanophotonics to microbatteries and microrobotics. However, fabrication of multiwinding microtubes with precise control over the winding interfaces, which is crucial for many complex applications, is not easy to achieve by existing materials and technologies. Here, a dry rolling approach is introduced to tackle this challenge and create tight windings in compact and highly symmetric cylindrical microstructures. This technique exploits hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon polymers and the thermal expansion mismatch of polymers and inorganic films upon thermal treatment. Quality parameters for rolled‐up microtubes, against which different fabrication technologies can be benchmarked are defined. The technique offers to fabricate long freestanding multiwinding microtubes as well as hierarchical architectures incorporating rolled‐up wrinkled nanomembranes. This work presents an important step forward toward the fabrication of more complex but well‐controlled microtubes for advanced high‐quality device architectures.
Printed High‐Density and Flexible Photodetector Arrays via Size‐matched Heterogeneous Micro‐/Nanostructure
Authors: Pan Qi , Chen Sisi , Su Meng , Li Pengwei , Zhang Zeying , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Gangshu , Huang Zhandong , Chen Bingda , Chen Shuoran , Song Yanlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSemiconductor/metal binary systems constitute the core components in electronic/photonic devices. The domain size of the heterostructure should be comparable to the charge diffusion length for superior photoelectric response. However, the fabrication of size‐matched heterostructures is still a challenge, especially for printed devices. Here, a high‐density photodetector array with lateral semiconductor/metal heterostructure is achieved via the template‐assisted sequentially printing strategy. The Ag/PBDB‐T:ITIC/Ag based lateral heterojunction that matches the charge diffusion length in the charge transfer process provides high light response sensitivity (D* = 3.41 × 1012 Jones, R = 12.9 A W−1). Moreover, the printed pixel interval can be decreased to 10 µm (106 pixels cm−2; resolution: 2.5 × 103 dpi). As the printing strategy can be implemented on soft substrates, the photodetector arrays are endowed with the flexibility. This work demonstrates a simple and effective strategy for chip‐scale fabrication of flexible high‐performance photodetectors, which validates the potential of printed heterogeneous micro‐/nanostructures for integrated active electronics and optics.
Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Alkyne Functionalization by N−O/S−O/C−O Bond Oxidants
Authors: Bhunia Sabyasachi , Ghosh Partha , Patra Snigdha Rani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of this century, homogeneous gold‐catalyzed alkyne transformations have been an active area of research in pursuit of developing efficient synthetic methodologies. This emerging area of research which at the beginning exploited the mild Lewis acid character of gold and its propensity to form π‐complex with alkyne, has been reinvigorated upon the discovery of gold‐catalyzed oxidative alkyne functionalization in 2007. The gold‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation enabled direct access to α‐oxo gold carbenes and gold alkynal complex with versatile reactivity which has been applied to achieve transformations including but not limited to oxyarylation, C−H, X−H (X=N, O) insertion, cyclization, cycloaddition, ring expansion, and various cascade reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of methods, applications and mechanistic insight of gold‐catalyzed oxidative alkyne functionalization by N−O/S−O/C−O bond oxidants covering the literature reports appeared since 2007.magnified image
TiO2 Nanoflowers on Conducting Substrates Ameliorate Effective Transdifferentiation of Human Hepatic Progenitor Cells for Long‐Term Hyperglycemia Reversal in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Jaiswal Juhi , Park Kyung‐Hee , Lakkireddy Chandrakala , Raju Nagarapu , Bardia Avinash , Habeeb Md. Aejaz , Paspala Syed Ameer Basha , Khan Aleem Ahmed , Dhayal Marshal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe growth of 3D nanostructures on conducting substrates through a controlled hydrolysis process of titanium isopropoxide at low‐pH and higher‐pressure is reported. SEM analysis shows the formation of 300–500 nm nanorods, which are symmetrically arranged with an average size of 8–15 µm and 2–3 µm height clusters to form nanoflower‐like structures. 3D nanostructured TiO2 grown on conducting substrates shows efficient in vitro transdifferentiation of human hepatic progenitor cells (hHPCs) into insulin producing cells (T‐iPCs). The physiological functions of transdifferentiated hHPCs confirm the activation of pancreatic transcription factors, which triggers insulin exocytosis during hyperglycemic challenge. The T‐iPCs on TiO2 chips show upregulated expression of master regulator Pdx‐1, β‐cell specific marker Nkx‐6.1, and more importantly C‐peptide similar to human pancreatic β‐cells during hyperglycemic challenge. Intraperitoneally transplanted cellularized TiO2 implants show prompt recovery in blood insulin level and glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin‐induced C57BL6 mice in a glucose regulated manner without immunosuppressant. These implants provide long‐term survival and function of T‐iPCs without eliciting significant immunological reactions and fibrotic tissue/extracellular matrix deposition in vivo, which could be a better technology for developing effective therapeutic options for the management of hyperglycemia.
Interlayers for Improved Hole Injection in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Ke , Kotadiya Naresh B. , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Marszalek Tomasz , Pisula Wojciech , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficient charge‐carrier injection is a critical requirement for high‐performance organic electronic devices, such as light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, and field‐effect transistors. In this work, a significantly improved charge‐carrier injection from high work‐function metal‐oxide electrodes in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is demonstrated for amorphous organic semiconductors (OSCs) by using organic interlayers with a high ionization energy (IE). Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) exhibits limited injection into amorphous 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐diphenylamino)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐TAD) and tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) active layers, resulting in high contact resistance and threshold voltage. By inserting an interlayer of a few nanometers thick with high IE between the MoO3 electrode and the amorphous OSC films, the Spiro‐TAD and TCTA OFETs show a substantial enhancement in hole current, subthreshold swing, and effective charge carrier mobility due to the decreased contact resistance. However, for discontinuous interlayers formed on distinct grain domains as in the case of polycrystalline 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) films, the effect of the interlayer reduces. These results demonstrate that the utilization of smooth interlayers with IE higher than the semiconductor is a general approach to elevate the hole injection into amorphous OSCs with high IE in OFETs.
The Origin of Photoinduced Capacitance in Perovskite Solar Cells: Beyond Ionic‐to‐Electronic Current Amplification
Authors: Choi Wookjin , Song Sung Won , Han Se Gyo , Cho Kilwon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotoinduced capacitances of perovskite solar cells exhibit peculiarities such as an apparently high capacitance and an inductive feature, so‐called negative capacitance, which are not easily explained with typical carrier dynamics. Consequently, the origins of the photoinduced capacitances in perovskite solar cells have been intensively debated over the past several years. Here, the photoinduced capacitances of perovskite solar cells are analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. The analysis clarifies that the photoinduced capacitances of perovskite solar cells comprise several Debye relaxation‐type capacitance components. Among these components, the photoinduced capacitance in the low‐frequency range is attributed to ionic‐to‐electronic current amplification. However, the photoinduced capacitances in the middle‐ and high‐frequency ranges originate from bipolar injection. The clear elucidation of the origins of the photoinduced capacitances in perovskite solar cells provides comprehensive insights for analyzing properties of perovskites in either the time or frequency domain.
Cross‐Point Arrays with Low‐Power ITO‐HfO2 Resistive Memory Cells Integrated on Vertical III‐V Nanowires
Authors: Persson Karl‐Magnus , Ram Mamidala Saketh , Kilpi Olli‐Pekka , Borg Mattias , Wernersson Lars‐Erik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVertical nanowires with cointegrated metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect‐transistor (MOSFET) selectors and nonvolatile resistive random access memory (RRAM) cells represent a promising candidate for fast, energy‐efficient, cross‐point memory cells. This paper explores indium‐tin‐oxide‐hafnium‐dioxide RRAM cells integrated onto arrays of indium‐arsenide (InAs) vertical nanowires with a resulting area of 0.06 µm2 per cell. For low current operation, an improved switching uniformity over the intrinsic self‐compliant behavior is demonstrated when using an external InAs nanowire MOSFET selector in series. The memory cells show consistent switching voltages below ±1 V and a switching cycle endurance of 106 is demonstrated. The developed fabrication scheme is fully compatible with low‐ON‐resistance vertical III‐V nanowire MOSFET selectors, where operational compatibility with the initial high‐field filament forming is established. Due to the small footprint of a vertical implementation, high density integration is achievable, and with a measured programming energy for 50 ns pulses at 0.49 pJ, the technology promises fast and ultralow power cross‐point memory arrays.
2‐Halo Glycals as “Synthon” for 2‐C‐Branched Sugar: Recent Advances and Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hussain Nazar , Ahmed Ajaz , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlycals are unsaturated sugars having an enolic double bond present inside the ring and act as a versatile synthon for the synthesis of natural products and biologically important molecules. The lone pair of endocyclic ring oxygen which is in conjugation with the enolic double bond alters the reactivity of both unsaturated carbons of glycals and directs the selectivity of the incoming group at a particular center. Since the enolic double bond is very much prone to undergo various types of reactions such as epoxidation, addition, formylation, nitration halogenation, etc.; and such type of activated glycals or the derivatives of glycal have been extensively utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of branched sugars. 2‐haloglycals have emerged as an important building block for the functionalization at C‐2 position of glycals via metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions such as Heck, Suzuki, Sonogashira and carbonylative cross‐coupling reactions. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress on the utilization of 2‐haloglycals for the synthesis of 2‐C‐branched sugars and further transformation of branched sugars into annulated sugars, heterocycles, and glycoconjugates.
Saving social media data: Understanding data management practices among social media researchers and their implications for archives
Authors: Hemphill Libby , Hedstrom Margaret L. , Leonard Susan Hautaniemi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSocial media data (SMD) offer researchers new opportunities to leverage those data for their work in broad areas such as public opinion, digital culture, labor trends, and public health. The success of efforts to save SMD for reuse by researchers will depend on aligning data management and archiving practices with evolving norms around the capture, use, sharing, and security of datasets. This paper presents an initial foray into understanding how established practices for managing and preserving data should adapt to demands from researchers who use and reuse SMD, and from people who are subjects in SMD. We examine the data management practices of researchers who use SMD through a survey, and we analyze published articles that used data from Twitter. We discuss how researchers describe their data management practices and how these practices may differ from the management of conventional data types. We explore conceptual, technical, and ethical challenges for data archives based on the similarities and differences between SMD and other types of research data, focusing on the social sciences. Finally, we suggest areas where archives may need to revise policies, practices, and services in order to create secure, persistent, and usable collections of SMD.