bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Sensing with Recreational Hot-Air Balloon Flights
Authors: de Bruijn Evert I. F. , Bosveld Fred C. , de Haan Siebren , Holtslag Albert A.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report about a new third-party observation, namely, wind measurements derived from hot-air balloon (HAB) tracks. We first compare the HAB winds with wind measurements from a meteorological tower and a radio acoustic wind profiler, both situated at the topographically flat observatory near Cabauw, the Netherlands. To explore the potential of this new type of wind observation in other topographies, we present an intriguing HAB flight in Austria with a spectacular mountain–valley circulation. Subsequently, we compare the HAB data with a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model during 2011–13 and the standard deviation of the wind speed is 2.3 m s−1. Finally, we show results from a data assimilation feasibility experiment that reveals that HAB wind information can have a positive impact on a hindcasted NWP trajectory.
The Budget of Local Available Potential Energy of Low-Frequency Eddies in Northern Hemispheric Winter
Authors: Dai Xianglin , Zhang Yang , Yang Xiu-Qun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLow-frequency (LF) transient eddies (intraseasonal eddies with time scales longer than 10 days) are increasingly found to be important in large-scale atmospheric circulation, high-impact climate events, and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts. In this study, the features and maintenance of available potential energy of LF eddies (LF EAPE), which denote LF temperature fluctuations, have been investigated. Our study shows that wintertime LF EAPE, with greater amplitude than that of the extensively studied high-frequency (HF) eddies, exhibits distinct horizontal and vertical structures. Different from HF eddies, whose action centers are over midlatitude oceans, the LF EAPE is most active in the continents in the midlatitudes, as well as the subpolar region with shallower vertical structure. By diagnosing the derived energy budget of LF EAPE, we find that, with the strong background temperature gradient in mid- and high-latitude continents (e.g., coast regions along the Greenland, Barents, and Kara Seas), baroclinic generation is the major source of LF EAPE. The generated LF EAPE in the subpolar region is transported downstream and southward to midlatitude continents via background flow. The generated LF EAPE is also dissipated by HF eddies, damped by diabatic effects, and converted to LF EKE via vertical motions. The above energy budget, together with the barotropic dynamics revealed by previous works, suggests multiple energy sources and thus complicated dynamics of LF variabilities.
Modeling the Snowmelt Runoff Process of the Tizinafu River Basin, Northwest China, with GLDAS Data and Bayesian Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Xie Wenyi , Zeng Xiankui , Gui Dongwei , Wu Jichun , Wang Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe climate of the Tizinafu River basin is characterized by low temperature and sparse precipitation, and snow and glacier melt serve as the main water resource in this area. Modeling the snowmelt runoff process has great significance for local ecosystems and residents. The total streamflow of the Tizinafu River basin was divided into surface streamflow and baseflow. The surface streamflow was estimated using the routing model (RM) with Noah runoff data from Global Land Data Assimilation (GLDAS), and the parameter uncertainty of the RM was quantified through Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, the 10 commonly used baseflow separation methods of four categories [digital filter, hydrograph separation program (HYSEP), baseflow index, and Kalinlin methods] were used to generate the baseflow and were then evaluated by their performance in total streamflow simulation. The results demonstrated that the RM driven by GLDAS runoff data could reproduce the runoff process of the Tizinafu River basin. RM-Hl (local minimum HYSEP method) achieved the best performance in the total streamflow simulation, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of 0.82 and 0.93, relative errors of −0.40% and 10.50%, and observation inclusion ratios C of 62.07% and 68.52% for the calibration and verification periods, respectively. The local minimum HYSEP method was most suitable for describing the baseflow of the Tizinafu River basin among the 10 baseflow separation methods. However, digital filter methods exhibited weak performance in baseflow separation.
Steroid Administration Approach for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A National Survey in China
Authors: Yao Qingxiu , Jiang Zhuang , Zhang Jiajia , Huang Shujian , He Shouhuan , Feng Yanmei , Wang Hui , Yin Shankai 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To optimize a protocol for the steroid administration approach for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in China. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to otolaryngologists. The data on demographics, indications for first-line and salvage treatment, such as intratympanic administration of steroids (ITS) and postauricular steroids (PAS), and procedures were analyzed. Results: 74 respondents used oral steroids, 112 used intravenous injections, 10 used ITS and 6 used PAS as a monotherapy for first-line treatment, and 135 used ITS or PAS in conjunction with oral or intravenous injection as a first-line treatment. Of the 249 respondents who used ITS, 97.19% adopted it as salvage therapy. The most commonly used steroid was 0.5 ml dexamethasone at 5 mg/ml and the most common side effect was pain. Of the 174 respondents who used PAS, 94.25% used it as salvage therapy. The most commonly used steroid was 0.5 ml methylprednisolone mixed with 0.5 ml lidocaine. Conclusions: The obtained data suggested that intravenous injection of steroids was the most popular treatment for ISSNHL and that ITS or PAS were used as a salvage treatment in China.
Bone Cement Fixation of Stapedotomy Prostheses: Long-term Outcomes in Primary and Revision Stapes Surgery
Authors: Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Schettino Amy , Babu Seilesh C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Sargent Eric W. , Michaelides Elias M. , Luryi Alexander L. , Schutt Christopher A. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To describe audiologic outcomes following hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapedotomy prostheses. Methods: A retrospective case review at a tertiary neurotology referral center was performed of patients undergoing primary or revision stapedotomy between 2010 and 2017. Patients with hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapes prostheses were assessed. Pre- and postoperative hearing was compared, consisting of air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) pure-tone averages (PTA), air-bone gap (ABG), and word recognition scores (WRS). Short and long-term outcomes were assessed. Results: Forty-six patients with otosclerosis underwent stapedotomy with bone cement fixation: 21 primary cases and 25 revision cases, with an average follow-up time of 17 months. Mean AC PTA was 56 dB preoperatively, and 34 dB postoperatively ( P < .0001), while the ABG improved on average from 27 dB to 9 dB ( P < .0001). There was no significant difference in postoperative ABG between primary and revision stapes surgery (6 dB vs 10 dB, P = .07). These results persisted through long-term follow-up in a subgroup of patients with significantly longer follow-up time (mean 44 months). There was no significant change in BC PTA or word recognition scores. Three patients underwent subsequent revisions, one patient developed sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: Stapedotomy with bone cement fixation of the prosthesis provides excellent hearing outcomes in both primary and revision treatment of otosclerosis. Results are consistent and stable through long-term follow-up. The use of bone cement should be incorporated into the surgical armamentarium of the otologist for the prevention and treatment of loose-wire syndrome and incus necrosis.
Comparison of intra-wound drainage tubes after cardiac surgery: Blake drains versus Multichannel drains
Authors: Hirata Yuichiro , Tayama Eiki , Ueda Tomohiro , Uchiyama Hikaru , Onzuka Tatsushi , Furukawa Kojiro , Morita Shigeki 
Published: November 2020

Background: Blake and Multichannel drains have been used in our department. Although both are made up of silicone, they differ in structure. We investigated the drainage effects of these two types of drains and the factors related to their occlusion. Methods: We enrolled 100 consecutive cases (50 using Blake drains and 50 using Multichannel drains) of cardiovascular surgery performed in our department from July 2017 to April 2018. The formation of thrombi in the groove and tube of the drains was evaluated in each case. The tube portion was checked for the presence of occlusion, and the groove portion was examined for the number and ratio of thrombi formed in the grooves. Results: The clot formation rate in the groove part was slightly higher in the Multichannel cases than in the Blake cases. In addition, analysis within the Multichannel cases revealed that the thrombus formation rate between the catheter lumen and the three grooves (without the catheter lumen) was significantly different, with the highest groove clot formation rate occurring in the catheter lumen. Out of 34 cases of occlusions, there were 26 cases (52%) of Multichannel drains, and only 8 cases (16%) of Blake drains ( p < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important contributory factor in tube obstruction was the drain type. Conclusions: The catheter lumen of the Multichannel drain was more susceptible to thrombus formation than the groove. The tube part of the Multichannel drain was more prone to occlusion than that of the Blake drain.
Extensor Retinaculum Reconstruction of the Distal Radioulnar Joint in Adolescents
Authors: Bauer Andrea S. , Lee Stella J. , Smith Michael D. , Bae Donald S. , Waters Peter M. 
Published: November 2020

Background This study characterizes the outcomes and complications of surgical reconstruction of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability using the extensor retinaculum (Herbert sling). Our hypothesis was that extensor retinaculum reconstruction is a reliable method of DRUJ stabilization in adolescents. Methods This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients treated surgically using the Herbert sling for DRUJ instability at a single institution. We identified 22 subjects who underwent surgery at an average of 16.2 years of age (range, 12-18 years). Medical records and available imaging were reviewed for all subjects, and patients were contacted to participate in the prospective completion of the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire. Results Preoperative symptoms were more commonly pain (95%) than feelings of DRUJ instability (45%), although 100% had instability on physical examination. Eight (36%) patients demonstrated limited supination preoperatively. Twenty-one subjects (95%) noted prior injury to that wrist, 15 of which were distal radius fractures. Surgery consisted of stabilization of the DRUJ using extensor retinaculum, in concert with other procedures to address all potential causes of wrist pain. Postoperatively, DRUJ stability was maintained in 21 of 22 subjects. Of the 12 patients who provided functional outcome scores, median QuickDASH score was 7.6 (range, 0-45). Conclusions Distal radioulnar joint instability in adolescents is often preceded by fracture of the distal radius. Surgeons must maintain a high level of suspicion to appropriately diagnose DRUJ instability, which is often not an isolated pathoanatomical problem. The Herbert sling technique using extensor retinaculum can successfully confer DRUJ stability in this population.
Prediction of pulmonary hypertension in older adults based on vital capacity and systolic pulmonary artery pressure
Authors: Wernhart Simon , Hedderich Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

Objective Right heart catheterization (RHC) is associated with a higher procedural risk in older adults, but non-invasive estimation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a challenge. We aimed to elaborate a non-invasive prediction model to estimate PH. Methods and design We retrospectively analysed 134 older adults (70.0 years ±12.3; 44.9% males) who reported to our clinic with unclear dyspnea between 01/2015 and 01/2020 and had received RHC as a part of their diagnostic workup. Lung function testing, analysis of blood gas samples, 6 min walk distance and echocardiography were performed within 24 hours of RHC. Main outcome measures In a stepwise statistical approach by using an in/exclusion algorithm (using the AIC criterion) we analysed non-invasive parameters to test their value in predicting PH (defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure, PAmean, >25mmHg). Discrimination capability of the final model was measured by the AUC (area under curve) from an ROC (receiver operating characteristics) analysis. Results We yielded a sensitivity of 87.2% and a specificity of 62.5% in a combinatorial logistical model with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and forced vital capacity (VCmax), the discrimination index was 86.7%. The odds ratios for an increase of 10 mmHg of sPAP were 2.99 (2.08–4.65) and 1.86 (1.11–3.21) for a 1 l decrease in VCmax. On their own, VCmax proved to be specific (83.3%), while sPAP was a sensitive (79.1%) predictor for PH. Conclusions We provide a combinatorial model to predict PH from sPAP and VCmax in older adults, which may help to avoid invasive procedures.
Concussion in collegiate athletics: A link to academic achievement
Authors: Walter Alexa E , Kaschak Christian , Sebastianelli Wayne , Arnett Peter , Slobounov Semyon M 
Published: November 2020

ContextAfter concussion, many different symptoms can occur and persist that can affect daily functioning. Many of these symptoms could have implications in an athlete’s ability to return to academics. Unlike return to play, return to academics is less studied and less regulated. There is little research examining the effects of concussion on grade point average (GPA) and results have been inconsistent.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of concussion on college GPA.DesignRetrospective observational studySettingUniversity laboratoryParticipantsDivision I athletes after their first concussion (n = 26) and Division I athletes without a history of concussion (n = 30).Main Outcome MeasuresGPA and demographic information was obtained for the semester before injury, the semester of injury, and the semester after injury.ResultsStatistical analysis using generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant interaction ( p < 0.05) of group (concussion vs. control) by time, with the concussed group having a significant decrease in GPA from semester before injury to semester of injury, and a significant main effect for sex ( p < 0.05) with females having higher GPAs than males.ConclusionsSince the cognitive demands of academics can potentially exacerbate symptomology of concussion, the identification of students at risk for difficulties is critical.
ZLM-7 inhibits the occurrence and angiogenesis of breast cancer through miR-212-3p/Sp1/VEGFA signal axis
Authors: Li Xuan , Zou Zi-Zheng , Wen Min , Xie Yuan-Zhu , Peng Kun-Jian , Luo Tiao , Liu Su-You , Gu Qin , Li Ji-Jia , Luo Zhi-Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Angiogenesis is related to the growth and progression of solid tumors and associated with prognosis. ZLM-7, SP1, VEGFA and miR-212-3p were associated with BC angiogenesis and proliferation, however the detailed mechanism was not clear. This study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis of BC.

Methods
BC cell lines were treated with 10 nM ZLM-7 for 8 h. We detected protein expression level by western blot and RNA expression level by qRT-PCR. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-212-3p is performed using miR-212-3p mimics or miR-212-3p inhibitor, Sp1 overexpression using pcDNA3.1 vector. Angiogenesis was analyzed by co-culturing BC cell lines and HUVEC cells. To evaluate regulatory relationship between miR-212-3p and Sp1, dual luciferase assay was performed. Besides, the direct interaction between Sp1 and VEGFA was analyzed by ChIP. Migration and invasion were analyzed by transwell assay and proliferation was detected by clone formation assay. In mice xenograft model developed using BC cells, we also detected angiogenesis marker CD31 through immunohistochemistry.

Results
ZLM-7 up-regulated miR-212-3p and inhibited invasion, migration, proliferation and angiogenesis of BC, while miR-212-3p inhibitor antagonized such effects. Binding sequence was revealed between miR-212-3p and Sp1, and expression of Sp1 was inhibited by miR-212-3p on both protein and mRNA level. Sp1 could interact with VEGFA and promoted its expression. Overexpression of miR-212-3p inhibited migration, invasion, proliferation and angiogenesis of BC cell lines, while Sp1 overexpression showed the opposite effect and could antagonize these effects of miR-212-3p overexpression. ZLM-7 decreased VEGFA expression, which was rescued by co-transfection with miR-212-3p inhibitor. Similar, ZLM-7 could inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis through the miR-212-3p/Sp1/VEGFA axis in vivo.

Conclusions
ZLM-7 could directly up-regulate miR-212-3p in BC. MiR-212-3p could inhibit VEGFA expression through Sp1, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and progression of BC.
Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Zhang Shaoshan , Liu Qiong , Lyu Chengcheng , Chen Jinsong , Xiao Renfeng , Chen Jingtian , Yang Yunshu , Zhang Huihui , Hou Kai , Wu Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides.

Results
Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.

Conclusion
Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.
Rapid identification, capsular typing and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae by using whole genome nanopore sequencing
Authors: Garcia-Garcia S. , Perez-Arguello A. , Henares D. , Timoneda N. , Muñoz-Almagro C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Whole genome sequencing has emerged as a useful tool for identification and molecular characterization of pathogens. MinION (Oxford Nanopore) is a real-time third generation sequencer whose portability, affordability and speed in data production make of it an attractive device for whole genome sequencing. The objective of this study is to evaluate MinION sequencer for pathogen identification and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated at a children’s Hospital. Whole genome sequencing of 32 Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates, previously characterized by standard methods (Quellung reaction, Multiplex PCR and Sanger-MLST), were performed. DNA was extracted using ZymoBIOMICS DNA Microprep kit. Quantification and purity of DNA was assessed by Qubit and Nanodrop, respectively. Library preparation was performed using the Rapid Barcoding Kit. Real-time workflow EPI2ME platform “What’s it in my pot” was used for species identification. Fast5 sequences were converted into FASTQ by Albacore software. Reads were assembled using CANU software. PathogenWatch, genomic epidemiology and pubmlst online tools were used for capsular typing and/or whole genome-MLST profile.

Results
Rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae was achieved by “What’s in my pot”. Capsular typing was correctly assigned with PathogenWatch in all 32 isolates at serogroup level and 24 at serotype level. Whole genome-MLST results obtained by genomic epidemiology and pubmlst were consistent with double locus variant clonal complex obtained by Sanger-MLST in 31 isolates.

Conclusion
MinION sequencer provides a rapid, cost-effective and promising pathway for performing WGS by a pocked-sized device for epidemiological purposes but improving its sequencing accuracy will make it more appealing to be used in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Clinical and radiographic characteristics, management and short-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Hong Liang , Ye Enling , Sun Gangqiang , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Shengguo , Wu Yanghe , Xie Xiangao , Xia Shichun , Zheng Xudong , Dong Ling , Cai Fujing , Lou Xixian , Zhao Renguo , Hu Yongqi , Ruan Zhanwei , Ding Jiguang , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral disease. Here, we report the clinical features, management, and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Wenzhou, China, an area outside Wuhan.

Methods
Patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of Ruian People’s Hospital in Wenzhou, from January 21 to February 7, 2020, were recruited. Medical data on epidemiological history, demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, chest computerized tomography (CT) examination, treatment, and short-term outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Blood biochemistry and routine tests were examined using standard methods and automatic machines. CT examination was performed several times during hospitalization as necessary.

Results
A total of 67 confirmed COVID-19 cases were diagnosed; 64 (95.4%) were common cases and three (4.5%) were severe cases. The most common symptoms at admission were fever (86.6%), cough (77.6%), productive cough (52.2%), chest distress (17.9%), and sore throat (11.9%), followed by diarrhea (7.4%), headache (7.4%), shortness of breath (6.0%), dizziness (4.5%), muscular soreness (4.5%), and running nose (4.5%). Thirty patients (47.8%) had increased C-reactive protein levels. The CT radiographs at admission showed abnormal findings in 54 (80.6%) patients. The patients were treated mainly by oxygen therapy and antiviral drugs. By March 3, 2020, all 67 patients completely recovered and had negative nucleic acid tests. The patients were discharged from the hospital and transferred to a medical observation isolation center for further observation.

Conclusion
Cases of COVID-19 in Wenzhou are milder and have a better prognosis, compared to those in Wuhan. Timely and appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment are the key to achieve good outcomes.