bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements
Authors: Fang Hongliang , Wu Yunjia , Zhang Yinghui , Wang Yao , Li Sijia , Ma Tian , Li Yu , Guo Keruo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Key message
Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling.

Abstract
The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However, vertically distributed canopy structural data are rare, and current methods are either inefficient or costly for obtaining sufficient amounts of such data. This study conducted a series of field campaigns to obtain forest vertical structural measurements at two temperate forest sites in northern China from 2020 to 2023. Four different measurement systems were compared: (1) flux towers with accessible platforms at different heights, (2) a portable and extensible sampling mast with a digital hemispherical photography (DHP) camera attached on top, (3) a tower crane with a DHP camera fixed on the crane hook, and (4) an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) with a DHP camera attached on top. The measured effective plant area index (PAIeff) shows clearly seasonal variations at different heights. The CI remains relatively consistent at different heights, and the leaf-off value is approximately 0.1−0.2 higher than the leaf-on one. The flux tower method can be used for vertical profile measurement at a fixed location, whereas the portable mast is suitable for lower-level (< 15 m) measurement. Crane measurement requires an established facility and is useful for local measurement around the crane. UAV with an attached DHP provides a promising method for monitoring vertical structural parameters. The vertical structural profiles obtained in this study can be used in various modeling and validation studies.
Shift of cell-death mechanisms in primary human neutrophils with a ruthenium photosensitizer
Authors: Montesdeoca Nicolás , Mohr Jennifer M. , Kruss Sebastian , Karges Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Primary human neutrophils are the most abundant human white blood cells and are central for innate immunity. They act as early responders at inflammation sites, guided by chemotactic gradients to find infection or inflammation sites. Neutrophils can undergo both apoptosis as well as NETosis. NETosis is a form of neutrophil cell death that releases chromatin-based extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and neutralize pathogens. Understanding or controlling the balance between these cell-death mechanisms is crucial. In this study, the chemical synthesis and biologic assessment of a ruthenium complex as a light-activated photosensitizer that creates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary human neutrophils is reported. The ruthenium complex remains non-toxic in the dark. However, upon exposure to blue light at 450 nm, it exhibits potent cytotoxic effects in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, the metal complex shifts the cell-death mechanism of primary human neutrophils from NETosis to apoptosis. Cells irradiated directly by the light source immediately undergo apoptosis, whereas those further away from the light source perform NETosis at a slower rate. This indicates that high ROS levels trigger apoptosis and lower ROS levels NETosis. The ability to control the type of cell death undergone in primary human neutrophils could have implications in managing acute and chronic infectious diseases.

Graphical abstract
Metacognition in nonhuman primates: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Subias Lorraine , Katsu Noriko , Yamada Kazunori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metacognition, the ability to monitor and control one’s own cognitive processes, has long been considered a hallmark of human cognition. However, two decades of research have provided compelling evidence of metacognitive-like abilities in some nonhuman primates. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the subject, highlighting key experimental paradigms and empirical findings, with an emphasis on the latest studies. Thanks to advances in methods and efforts to counter alternative explanations, there is now a consensus that great apes and some macaque species can monitor and control some of their cognitive processes. Despite numerous investigations, however, whether capuchin monkeys are metacognitive remains unclear. Critical gaps persist in our understanding of metacognition across species. We discuss the importance of expanding research to include a wider range of primate species and the potential role of ecological factors in shaping metacognitive capacities. In addition, we consider some promising avenues for future research, including neurophysiological approaches, studies of metacognitive errors, and field experiments.
Belief in Gender Role Stereotypes Moderates the Use of Gender Typicality Cues when Making Sexual Orientation Judgements from Faces
Authors: De La Mare Jessica K. , Taylor Maisie G. , Lee Anthony J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeople use cues of facial gender typicality when making sexual orientation judgements, where gender typical faces (masculine men and feminine women) are more likely to be judged as heterosexual and gender atypical faces (feminine men and masculine women) are judged as non-heterosexual. Individual differences in the belief of associated stereotypes have been shown to influence how these stereotypes are used to make social judgments of others; therefore, across two studies, we tested whether the strength of beliefs in gender stereotypes impacted how facial gender typicality cues were used when making sexual orientation judgements. In both Study 1 and 2 (n = 283 and 219, respectively), participants made sexual orientation judgements of 80 faces (40 male, 40 female) that varied in gender typicality and completed a measure of belief in gender stereotypes. In Study 2, participants also completed a sexual prejudice measure. In line with predictions, both studies found that the strength in belief of gender stereotypes significantly moderated the use of facial gender typicality cues when making sexual orientation judgements. Participants with a greater belief in gender stereotypes were more likely to judge a face as heterosexual as gender typicality increased. In Study 2, the association between sexual prejudice and use of gender typicality cues was fully mediated by beliefs in gender role stereotypes. These results highlight the importance of considering individual differences of the perceiver and how they can interact with cues from a target, particularly when making sexual orientation judgements.
Identifying Active Ingredients that Cause Change in Digital Parent Training Programs for Child Behavior Problems: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Saar Chen R. , Brandes Or , Baumel Amit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDigital parent training programs (DPTs) aimed at treating child behavior problems have shown efficacy in a number of trials, but less is known about the active ingredients parents find helpful while using DPTs. We analyzed data from users of self-guided DPTs within a randomized controlled trial setting: a standard program (DPT-STD) and an enhanced program (DPT-TP). Thematic analysis of interviews (n = 16) reveals that users of both programs endorsed the “content”, “content presentation”, “accessibility”, and “therapeutic context” as beneficial. However, only DPT-TP users identified the “therapeutic persuasiveness” as helpful, attributing this to features embedded exclusively in the enhanced program, including call-to-action reminders and assessment-based feedback. Findings were reinforced by the analysis of responses to open-ended questions from a larger sample of users (n = 31 DPT-STD users and n = 34 DPT-TP users). These findings underscore the importance of utilizing features that help parents make positive changes in their home.
Behavioral, metabolic, and biochemical alterations caused by an acute stress event in a zebrafish larvae model
Authors: Vieira Raquel S. F. , Venâncio Carlos A. S. , Félix Luís M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Animal welfare is a growing concern in aquaculture practices. Stress induced by handling or transportation can lead to negative impacts on the sector. Zebrafish has raised as an important aquaculture model, but still with few focus on its stress response in early life stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the evaluation of different markers of the stress response after a stress event in a zebrafish larvae model. Zebrafish larvae (96 hpf) were vortex-stimulated for 1 min at 200 rpm for acute stress induction. After 10 min, 1- and 4-h behavioral larvae outcomes and larvae were sampled to the following quantification: levels of cortisol, lactate, glucose and biochemical biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipidic oxidation level and protein carbonylation, glutathione s-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and ATPase), and the metabolic rate. The cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels had no alterations. At the behavioral level, an increase in the distance swam and in the speed was observed and the metabolic rate also increased according to the behavioral outcomes. The ATPase and GST activity showed a decrease in their activity, probably through osmoregulation changes related to the hypothetic adrenocorticotropic hormone downregulation. Overall, the acute vortex stimulation at low speed induced an early stress response independent of the HPI-cortisol pathway. In addition, this study shows zebrafish early life stages as a sensitive model to acute vortex stimulation, identifying altered parameters which can be used in future work to assess the effect on animal welfare in similar acute situations.

Graphical Abstract

Vortex event of 96 hpf zebrafish larvae model. Stress event was performed with a vortex flow stimulation, 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) larvae (Faught and Vijayan 2018; Castillo-Ramírez et al. 2019). To induce the stress response, larvae were placed on a shaker and subjected to vortex 250 rpm for 1 min. Animals were collected at three different time points (10 min, 1 and 4 h) following the stress-inducing event for sample processing to obtain data using various techniques. Schematic representation of short-term response and long-term response with the data that can be altered corresponding to work data.
Moral Attention and Bad Sentimentality
Authors: Jamieson Lesley 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I challenge standard views of the moral badness of sentimentality defended by art critics and philosophers. Accounts based on untruthfulness and self-indulgence lack the resources to both explain the badness of bad sentimentality and to allow that there are benign instances. We are sometimes permitted to be sentimental even though it is self-serving. A non-moralistic account should allow for this. To provide such an account, I first outline a substantive view of the ideal of unsentimentality by turning to Rainer Maria Rilke’s Letters on Cézanne. Rilke celebrates the artist for his unsentimental love of his subjects and “untiring objective wakefulness” to them. I then turn to Iris Murdoch’s ethics of attention (itself influenced by Rilke) to explain why this ideal is so difficult to live up to in practice, the various ways that we fall short, and what our failures mean. What Murdoch contributes is both a sense that the lovingly attentive attitude that Rilke describes is morally—and not just artistically—important and a compassionate account of the human egocentrism that inhibits it. By thinking of sentimentality as a failure of moral attention, we can appreciate how particular instances differ from one another. Sentimentality can console us in difficult times or can gratify our egos; it can be a form of escapism or can rigidly enclose reality; and it can be harmlessly self-serving or a selfish failure to morally attend to the other when it counts. I conclude by outlining some ways that being seen with Cézanne-like moral attention can matter to us.
The Influence of Winning and Losing Gambling Experience on Mood State and Alcohol Cravings
Authors: Lipinski Damon , Whelan James P. , Stiglets Blaine E. , Andersland Matthew D. , Ginley Meredith K. , Pfund Rory A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevious work has explored the bi-directional relation between alcohol consumption and gambling behavior within gambling contexts, highlighting the role of salient factors such as mood. The present experiment sought to further explore how mood state and the urge to consume alcohol vary as a function of the experience of winning or losing while gambling. In this experiment, 76 individuals who reported past year gambling and past month alcohol use were randomly assigned to one of four conditions – neutral gambling, winning gambling, losing gambling, or movie watching. Results indicated that mood state did not significantly differ by experimental condition. However, the urge to consume alcohol significantly differed by experimental condition when accounting for weekly alcohol consumption. Individuals who underwent a losing gambling experience reported significantly greater alcohol-related urges than those who watched a movie or had a neutral gambling experience, but not compared to those who had a winning gambling experience. Exploratory analyses showed that those exposed to a losing gambling experience wanted a significantly greater number of drinks than those who had a neutral gambling experience or watched a movie. These results suggest that experiencing losing may contribute to a greater desire to consume alcohol, and that this relation may occur independent of mood states associated with gambling outcomes. Future research should seek to investigate the relations between gambling, alcohol use, and mood in naturalistic gambling settings beyond the laboratory.
Religion, Spirituality, Well-Being and Praying the Rosary: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study from Germany
Authors: Teut Michael , Brinkhaus Benno , Stöckigt Barbara , Binting Sylvia , Elies Michael K. , Zwingmann Christian , Jeserich Florian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRosary prayer is a popular Catholic meditative prayer practice and has been used since the thirteenth century. The aim of this study is to describe characteristics, prayer practice, religiosity and piety of those practicing the prayer and to investigate whether and how religion/spirituality (R/S) and well-being are related in this specific population. An online cross-sectional survey was performed between June and September 2022 which included items on sociodemographic data, prayer practice, well-being, religiosity and spirituality, transpersonal trust and spiritual meaning. Results were described descriptively, and a possible relationship between R/S and well-being was examined using correlational and moderator analyses. In total, 164 participants who pray the Rosary completed the online questionnaire. A total of 92% of the participants belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, and 61% of the sample were women. A majority of participants reported to be very religious/spiritual (36%) or quite religious/spiritual (47%). Most participants experienced the prayer as a calming and relaxing practice, which slows down the breathing and the awareness in the prayer being focused on the prayer beads. Most of the participants expressed a high-to-very high transpersonal trust. All R/S measures used in this study are highly intercorrelated (r between 0.64 and 0.91) and show similar small-size associations (r between 0.10 and 0.20) with well-being. Moderator analysis shows that the connection between R/S and well-being was stronger among those with more positive prayer experiences. Subjectively perceived positive prayer experiences may act as an amplifier or emotional affirmation of the “rightness” or “effectiveness” of one’s faith and this very amplification may have a strengthening effect on the relationship between R/S and well-being. The interaction of R/S and well-being in Rosary praying and other meditative techniques should be a major topic of future research.
Pyrohydrolysis–ion chromatographic method with spectrophotometric detection for quantification of chlorine at trace levels in PHWR structural materials
Authors: Balaji Rao Y. , Bano Shehanaz , Nagendra Kumar P. V. , Srivastava Dinesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA simple method for the determination of chlorine in PHWR structural materials using pyrohydrolysis–ion chromatographic method with spectrophotometric detection is explained in the present paper. A mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 as eluent and AgNO3 as post column reagent has been used in the developed method. Clear separation of chloride from other interfering anions is the distinct advantage of this method compared to conductivity detection enabling low level quantification of chloride using pre-concentration column. Effects of different parameters have been studied during the development of PH-IC method. The spiking standard recovery was found to be more than 90%. The analytical results of the developed method have been compared with the reported non-suppressed ion-chromatography with conductivity detection method and found to be in good agreement.
Cheaper Spaces
Authors: Moullec Matthieu , Douven Igor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSimilarity spaces are standardly constructed by collecting pairwise similarity judgments and subjecting those to a dimension-reduction technique such as multidimensional scaling or principal component analysis. While this approach can be effective, it has some known downsides, most notably, it tends to be costly and has limited generalizability. Recently, a number of authors have attempted to mitigate these issues through machine learning techniques. For instance, neural networks have been trained on human similarity judgments to infer the spatial representation of unseen stimuli. However, these newer methods are still costly and fail to generalize widely beyond their initial training sets. This paper proposes leveraging prebuilt semantic vector spaces as a cheap alternative to collecting similarity judgments. Our results suggest that some of those spaces can be used to approximate human similarity judgments at low cost and high speed.
Depression in patients with anorectal fistulas and anal fissures: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Kolbe Ernst W. , Kaspari Michael , Krieg Sarah , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anal fissures and anorectal fistulas are diseases often associated with significant pain and prolonged discomfort, resulting in a significantly reduced quality of life (QoL). They are not only a surgical problem but also have a profound psychosocial impact and influence on QoL. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of depression in patients with these pathologies and to highlight the need to address the psychosocial aspects of these diseases.

Methods
Data from the Disease Analyzer database of approximately 3,000 general practitioners in Germany were retrospectively analyzed. The retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with anal fissure (n = 15,467) or anorectal fistula (n = 3,520) between January 2005 and December 2022 and propensity score matched individuals without these disorders (n = 94,935). The primary outcome was a diagnosis of depression within five years of the index date. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the association between the two anorectal diseases and depression.

Results
After 5 years of follow-up, 13.0% of patients with anal fissure and 12.3% of patients with anorectal fistula were diagnosed with depression, compared with 9.7–10.3% in the control group (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between both diseases and depression (anal fissure: HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.25–1.38; anorectal fistula: HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.17–1.44).

Conclusion
The results suggest that anal fissures or anorectal fistulas are significantly associated with a subsequent depression. This highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management that addresses both physical and psychosocial aspects to improve patient outcomes.
Review and perspectives of digital twin systems for wildland fire management
Authors: Li Yizhou , Zhang Tianhang , Ding Yifei , Wadhwani Rahul , Huang Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Effective wildland fire management requires real-time access to comprehensive and distilled information from different data sources. The Digital Twin technology becomes a promising tool in optimizing the processes of wildfire prevention, monitoring, disaster response, and post-fire recovery. This review examines the potential utility of Digital Twin in wildfire management and aims to inspire further exploration and experimentation by researchers and practitioners in the fields of environment, forestry, fire ecology, and firefighting services. By creating virtual replicas of wildfire in the physical world, a Digital Twin platform facilitates data integration from multiple sources, such as remote sensing, weather forecasting, and ground-based sensors, providing a holistic view of emergency response and decision-making. Furthermore, Digital Twin can support simulation-based training and scenario testing for prescribed fire planning and firefighting to improve preparedness and response to evacuation and rescue. Successful applications of Digital Twin in wildfire management require horizontal collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, as well as enhanced resource sharing and data exchange. This review seeks a deeper understanding of future wildland fire management from a technological perspective and inspiration of future research and implementation. Further research should focus on refining and validating Digital Twin models and the integration into existing fire management operations, and then demonstrating them in real wildland fires.

Graphic abstract
Determination of climatic predictors influencing seed production in seed orchards of Korean red pine based on different regression models
Authors: Kim Yong-Yul , Ku Ja-Jung , Lim Hyo-In , Ryu Sung-Ryul , Park Ji-Min , Kim Ye-Ji , Kang Kyu-Suk 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula, and seed orchards have supplied material needed for afforestation in South Korea. Climate variables affecting seed production have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression (MLR), elastic net regression (ENR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models. The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3% of the total variation in seed production. It showed better predictive performance (R2 = 0.662) than the EN (0.516) and the MLR (0.366) models. Among the 12 climatic variables, July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production. The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development. The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans, selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions, and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.