bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Xu Xin , Teixeira Miguel A. C. , Xue Ming , Lu Yixiong , Tang Jianping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model is extended by including the second‐order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) corrections to the surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) caused by wind profile shear (WSHR) and curvature (WCUR) effects. Simulations of the atmospheric circulation are performed to study the behaviour and impact of the WKB corrections. In January, the SWMF is weakened in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes by the WSHR term, while the WCUR acts to enhance the SWMF over Antarctica. In July, the WSHR corrections are similar to those in January, whereas the WCUR term produces corrections of opposite sign in the high latitudes of each hemisphere. The latter is attributed to the increase of near‐surface winds in the cold season which reverses the low‐level wind profile curvature. The seasonal reversal of the WCUR term contradicts previous findings obtained from offline evaluation using reanalysis datasets. This may be due to the different OGWD parameterization schemes used, or it may suggest a sensitivity to the height at which the wind profile effects are evaluated. Changes in the SWMF can affect the vertical distribution of parameterized OGWD. In January, the OGWD in the NH midlatitudes is decreased in the lower troposphere but increased in the upper troposphere. This is because a reduced SWMF inhibits wave breaking in the lower troposphere. Therefore, more wave momentum flux (WMF) is transported to the upper troposphere which enhances wave breaking there. The increased upper‐tropospheric wave breaking in turn decreases the WMF propagating into the stratosphere where the OGWD is reduced. In July, the reduction of SWMF over Antarctica is more notable than in the NH midlatitudes in January. Consequently, the OGWD is weakened in the upper troposphere over Antarctica.
Proficiency testing of 78 international laboratories measuring tritium in environmental waters by decay counting and mass spectrometry for age dating and water resources assessment
Authors: Copia Lorenzo , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Terzer‐Wassmuth Stefan , Hillegonds Darren J. , Klaus Philipp M. , Araguás‐Araguás Luis J. 
Published: May 2020

RationaleTritium (3H) is an important hydrological tracer that has been commonly used for over 60 years to evaluate water residence times and water dynamics in shallow/recent groundwaters, streams, lakes and the ocean. We tested the analytical performance of 78 international laboratories engaged in low‐level 3H assays for water age dating and monitoring of environmental waters.MethodsSeven test waters were distributed by the IAEA to 78 international tritium laboratories. Set 1 included a tritium‐free groundwater plus three ultra‐low 3H samples (0.5–7 TU) for meeting groundwater dating specifications. Set 2 contained three higher 3H‐content samples (40–500 TU) suitable for testing of environmental monitoring laboratories.ResultsSeventy of the laboratories used liquid scintillation counting with or without electrolytic enrichment, seven utilized 3He accumulation and mass spectrometry, and one used gas‐proportional counting. Only ~50% of laboratories demonstrated the ability to generate accurate 3H data that was precise enough for water age dating purposes.ConclusionsThe proficiency test helped identify recurrent weaknesses and potential solutions. Strategies for performance improvements of 3H laboratories include: (a) improved quantification of 3H detection limits and analytical uncertainty, (b) stricter quality control practices in routine operations along with care and recalibration of 3H standards traceable to primary NIST standards, (c) annual assessment of tritium enrichment factors and instrumental performance, and (d) for water age dating purposes the use of electrolytic enrichment systems having the highest possible 3H enrichment factors (e.g. >50×).
Killers at the crossroads: The use of innate immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy of cancer
Authors: Sabry May , Lowdell Mark W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an approach to cancer treatment that involves the use of antitumor immune cells to target residual disease in patients after completion of chemo/radiotherapy. ACT has several advantages compared with other approaches in cancer immunotherapy, including the ability to specifically expand effector cells in vitro before selection for adoptive transfer, as well as the opportunity for host manipulation in order to enhance the ability of transferred cells to recognize and kill established tumors. One of the main challenges to the success of ACT in cancer clinical trials is the identification and generation of antitumor effector cells with high avidity for tumor recognition. Natural killer (NK) cells, cytokine-induced killers and natural killer T cells are key innate or innate-like effector cells in cancer immunosurveillance that act at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, to have a greater influence over immune responses to cancer. In this review, we discuss recent studies that highlight their potential in cancer therapy and summarize clinical trials using these effector immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy for the treatment of cancer.
Synthesis, Docking Study and Biological Activities Evaluation of 1‐Amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthol Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Cholinesterase and α‐Glucosidase
Authors: Boudebbous Khawla , Boulebd Houssem , Bensouici Chawki , Harakat Dominique , Boulcina Raouf , Debache Abdelmadjid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn efficient green synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthol derivatives 4 a‐s has been developed, employing phenylboronic acid, by a three component one‐pot condensation reaction of 2‐naphthol, a wide range of functionalized aromatic aldehydes and acetamide, or acrylamide under solvent‐free conditions. This new protocol has the rewards of ecologically benign, easy workup along with good to excellent yields. Moreover, selected compounds were screened towards inhibition of cholinesterase. In vitro studies showed that some synthesized compounds have significant both AChE and BChE inhibitory activities compared to Galanthamine (reference drug). Compounds 4 p and 4 s were the most effective showing high potential AChE and BChE inhibitory activities with respective IC50 values of 13.81±0.54 μM and 31.70±1.29 μM. Subsequent evaluation of the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the target molecules revealed that compound 4 s with an IC50 value of 2.05±0.05 μM exhibited highest activity. These preliminary results provide promising sources of multifunctional agents and sheds light on their potential usage in medicine and in the pharmaceutical industries. Using molecular docking approach, we tried to get insights into binding interactions of our synthesized compounds to act as AChE and BChE inhibitors and understand the facts that underlie the relationships between structural modifications on these ligands and their efficacy.
Mild Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols into Cycloalkanes under Ambient Hydrogen Pressure over a Ni/H‐Beta Catalyst
Authors: Ohta Hidetoshi , Sakata Yoshihiro , Nakanishi Daisuke , Hayashi Minoru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation of phenols is an important process for producing six‐membered ring hydrocarbons from lignin. The reaction generally requires high temperatures (300 °C or higher) and high‐pressure H2 gas. In recent years, milder reactions at around 100 °C under atmospheric pressure H2 have been developed by using noble metal catalysts. On the other hand, the reaction with less expensive base metal catalysts still requires either of high temperatures or high‐pressure H2, or the both. Herein, we performed the reaction of various phenols over a Ni/H‐Beta catalyst in octane at 110 °C under atmospheric pressure H2 in a batch reactor to give the corresponding cyclohexanes in 96–33% yield. The reaction proceeds through formation of cyclohexene intermediates, which are eventually converted to cyclohexanes either directly or via transient arene intermediates.
HI/DMSO‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aryl(sulfo)acylhydrazones with Sulfur
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Weiwei , Liu Yan , Liu Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe HI/DMSO combination was found to be an excellent catalytic system for cyclization of N‐tosylhydrazones with sulfur without adding external oxidants. This reaction provides various 4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles in good to excellent yields. Moreover, arylacylhydrazones were also suitable substrates to give the desired products in moderate to good yields. The use of readily available and inexpensive HI as iodine source and DMSO as dual oxidant and solvent makes this system more green and practical for applications. This protocol features by simple operation, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerability as well as scale‐up ability.
Elaboration of Benzoxadiazepine and Benzotriazocine Scaffolds
Authors: Saied Tarak , Efrit Mohamed L. , Fort Yves , Comoy Corinne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of fused heterocycles containing several heteroatoms such as benzoxadiazepine and benzotriazocine scaffolds is considered as a complicated task due to their complex and polyunsaturated structures. In this review, we report the different methods and strategies that have been considered over the last decades for their synthesis.
An Amorphous/Crystalline Incorporated Si/SiOx Anode Material Derived from Biomass Corn Leaves for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Anyu , Li Jian , Dong Jiajun , Yang Di , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of silicon (Si) anode materials derived from high silica‐containing plants enables effective utilization of subsidiary agricultural products. However, the electrochemical performances of synthesized Si materials still require improvement and thus need further structural design and morphology modifications, which inevitably increase preparation time and economic cost. Here, the conversion of corn leaves into Si anode materials is reported via a simple aluminothermic reduction reaction without other modifications. The obtained Si material inherits the structural characteristics of the natural corn leaf template and has many inherent advantages, such as high porosity, amorphous/crystalline mixture structure, and high‐valence SiOx residuals, which significantly enhance the material's structural stability and electrode adhesive strength, resulting in superior electrochemical performances. Rate capability tests show that the material delivers a high capacity of 1200 mA h g−1 at 8 A g−1 current density. After 300 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, the material maintains a high specific capacity of 2100 mA h g−1, with nearly 100% capacity retention during long‐term cycling. This study provides an economical route for the industrial production of Si anode materials for Lithium‐Ion batteries.
Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhances the expression of tumor suppressor gene PER1 in non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Lin Yen‐Sung , Tsai Kun‐Ling , Chen Jia‐Ni , Wu Chen‐Shiou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often complicated by pulmonary infection, which affects treatment and prognosis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an effective stimulator of inflammatory cytokine production, and previous studies have reported that LPS promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. Mangiferin is a plant‐derived C‐glucosylxanthone with many biological activities, such as antioxidation and anti‐inflammation. This research mainly explored the mechanism of its antitumor activities on LPS‐induced A549, NCI‐H460, and NCI‐H520 NSCLC cells. We determined that mangiferin exhibits growth inhibiting activity against LPS‐induced NSCLC cells through the 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, mangiferin reversed the LPS‐induced downregulation of E‐cadherin (epithelial marker); conversely, it significantly inhibited the expression of raised vimentin (mesenchymal markers). Moreover, the ability of NSCLC cells to migrate, as evidenced by the wound healing and transwell migration assays, and the expression of CXCR4 increased by LPS were significantly repressed by mangiferin. In addition, mangiferin markedly mediated protein levels of PER1 and NLRP3 in LPS‐induced NSCLC cells and reduced the secretion of IL‐1β. These results indicate that mangiferin is not only a remarkable anti‐inflammatory compound but also an antitumor agent; thus, it has the potential for being developed into anti‐inflammatory and antitumor drugs in the future.
BOUNDEDNESS PROPERTIES OF AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF FORMS OF FLAG VARIETIES
Authors: GULD A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe call a flag variety admissible if its automorphism group is the projective general linear group. (This holds in most cases.)LetKbe a field of characteristic 0, containing all roots of unity. Let theK-varietyXbe a form of an admissible flag variety. We prove thatXis either ruled, or the automorphism group ofXis bounded, meaning that there exists a constantC ∈ ℕ such that ifGis a finite subgroup of AutK(X), then the cardinality ofGis smaller thanC.
Solitaire Stentectomy Using a Stent-Retriever Technique in a Porcine Model
Authors: Simgen Andreas , Kettner Michael , Webelsiep Frida Juliane , Tomori Toshiki , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Yilmaz Umut , Bhogal Pervinder , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Reith Wolfgang , Dietrich Philipp 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Mechanical thrombectomy using the Solitaire device has become a standard treatment of ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions. Inadvertent detachment is a feared complication, which is associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this experimental study was to assess in a porcine model the feasibility and effectiveness of rescuing detached Solitaire devices using different stent retrievers.

Methods
Solitaire FR devices (4 × 15/20 mm and 6 × 20/30 mm) were placed in the axillary artery of pigs. By means of 3 different stent retrievers (Trevo ProVue; EmboTrap II revascularization device; 3D revascularization device) a total of 24 rescue maneuvers (8 per retriever) were performed by deploying the retrievers within the deployed Solitaire devices and trapping parts of the Solitaire within the microcatheter. Rescue rates, rescue time and complications were assessed.

Results
Overall stentectomy of the Solitaire devices was successful in all cases (100%). Time of rescue was comparable using the applied stent retrievers (Trevo ProVue; EmboTrap II revascularization device; 3D revascularization device). Complications, such as entrapment of the Solitaire-retriever complex at the intermediate catheter, Solitaire migration, vasospasm, perforation, or dissection were not observed.

Conclusion
Stentectomy of inadvertently detached Solitaire devices using different stent retrievers is a feasible and effective method. Rescue rates and times with the Trevo ProVue, EmboTrap II and 3D revascularization device were comparable.
Management von Patienten mit MELAS-Syndrom
Authors: Roth Sebastian , Nienhaus Johannes , Nickel Frank , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Kienbaum Peter , Huhn Ragnar 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas MELAS-Syndrom ist gekennzeichnet durch Laktatazidose und schlaganfallartige Episoden. Es handelt sich um eine seltene, progredient verlaufende Erkrankung mit akuten neurologischen Episoden, die durch eine Mitochondriopathie ausgelöst wird. Durch einen Defekt der oxidativen Phosphorylierung in der Atmungskette kann es insbesondere in Stresssituationen zu einer inadäquaten Energiebereitstellung mit einer konsekutiven Laktatazidose kommen. Aufgrund der hohen Gefahr metabolischer Entgleisungen ist das MELAS-Syndrom im Hinblick auf das perioperative, anästhesiologische Management eine große Herausforderung.Ziel der ArbeitZiel dieser Arbeit soll es sein, einerseits einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Besonderheiten des anästhesiologischen Managements bei Patienten mit MELAS-Syndrom zu geben. Andererseits soll anhand eines Fallberichts dargestellt werden, wie eine intraoperative parenterale Ernährung möglicherweise dazu beitragen kann, der Entstehung einer Laktatazidose entgegenzuwirken.Material und MethodenFür diese Arbeit wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Da nur wenige Daten zum MELAS-Syndrom vorliegen, wurde zur Veranschaulichung außerdem ein Fallbericht in diese Übersichtsarbeit integriert.Ergebnisse und DiskussionZusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass Patienten mit einem MELAS-Syndrom bezüglich des anästhesiologischen Managements eine Herausforderung darstellen und ein engmaschiges Monitoring der Stoffwechsellage unabdingbar ist. Im Falle einer drohenden Laktatazidose könnte eine intraoperative parenterale Ernährung möglicherweise ein neuer Therapieansatz sein, um die perioperative Versorgung dieser Patientengruppe in Zukunft zu verbessern.
Local Wnt3a treatment restores bone regeneration in large osseous defects after surgical debridement of osteomyelitis
Authors: Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Reinkemeier Felix , Dadras Mehran , Wallner Christoph , Huber Julika , Sogorski Alexander , Sacher Maxi , Schmidt Sonja , Drysch Marius , Dittfeld Stephanie , Becerikli Mustafa , Becker Kathrin , Rauch Nicole , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Impaired bone homeostasis caused by osteomyelitis provokes serious variations in the bone remodeling process, thereby involving multiple inflammatory cytokines to activate bone healing. We have previously established a mouse model for post-traumatic osteomyelitis and studied bone regeneration after sufficient debridement. Moreover, we could further characterize the postinfectious inflammatory state of bony defects after debridement with elevated osteoclasts and decreased bone formation despite the absence of bacteria. In this study, we investigated the positive effects of Wnt-pathway modulation on bone regeneration in our previous established mouse model. This was achieved by local application of Wnt3a, a recombinant activator of the canonical Wnt-pathway. Application of Wnt3a could enhance new bone formation, which was verified by histological and μ-CT analysis. Moreover, histology and western blots revealed enhanced osteoblastogenesis and downregulated osteoclasts in a RANKL-dependent manner. Further analysis of Wnt-pathway showed downregulation after bone infections were reconstituted by application of Wnt3a. Interestingly, Wnt-inhibitory proteins Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled protein 1 (sFRP1) were upregulated simultaneously to Wnt-pathway activation, indicating a negative feedback for active form of Beta-catenin. In this study, we could demonstrate enhanced bone formation in defects caused by post-traumatic osteomyelitis after Wnt3a application.

Key messages

Osteomyelitis decreases bone regeneration

Wnt3a restores bone healing after infection

Canonical Wnt-pathway activation with negative feedback
Effects of finish turning on an austenitic weld investigated using diffraction methods
Authors: Kornmeier J. Rebelo , Hofmann M. , Gan W. M. , Robin V. , Valiorgue F. , Pascal H. , Gibmeier J. , Saroun J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArc welding generally introduces undesired local residual stress states on engineering components hindering high-quality performance in service. Common procedures to reduce the tensile residual stresses are post-heat treatments or mechanical surface treatments like hammering or shot-peening. Assessments of residual stress profiles of post-weld treatments underneath the weld surface are essential, especially in high safety exigency systems like pressure vessels or piping at power plants. In this study, neutron diffraction is used to determine the stress profile after finish milling of an austenitic steel weld in order to verify a chained finite element simulation predicting the final residual stress fields including milling and welding contributions. Non-destructive measurements with spatial resolutions of less than 0.2 mm within the first 1 mm from the surface were mandatory to confirm the finite element simulations of the coarse-grained austenitic material. In the data analysis procedure, the obtained near-surface data have been corrected for spurious strain effects whenever the gauge volume was partially immersed in the sample. Moreover, constraining the surface data to values obtained by x-ray diffraction and data deconvolution within the gauge volume enabled access of the steep residual stress profile within the first 1 mm.
Production and secretion dynamics of prokaryotic Penicillin G acylase in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Borčinová Martina , Raschmanová Hana , Zamora Iwo , Looser Verena , Marešová Helena , Hirsch Sven , Kyslík Pavel , Kovar Karin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo take full advantage of recombinant Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) as a production system for heterologous proteins, the complex protein secretory process should be understood and optimised by circumventing bottlenecks. Typically, little or no attention has been paid to the fate of newly synthesised protein inside the cell, or its passage through the secretory pathway, and only the secreted product is measured. However, the system’s productivity (i.e. specific production rate qp), includes productivity of secreted (qp,extra) plus intracellularly accumulated (qp,intra) protein. In bioreactor cultivations with P. pastoris producing penicillin G acylase, we studied the dynamics of product formation, i.e. both the specific product secretion (qp,extra) and product retention (qp,intra) as functions of time, as well as the kinetics, i.e. productivity in relation to specific growth rate (μ). Within the time course, we distinguished (I) an initial phase with constant productivities, where the majority of product accumulated inside the cells, and qp,extra, which depended on μ in a bell-shaped manner; (II) a transition phase, in which intracellular product accumulation reached a maximum and productivities (intracellular, extracellular, overall) were changing; (III) a new phase with constant productivities, where secretion prevailed over intracellular accumulation, qp,extra was linearly related to μ and was up to three times higher than in initial phase (I), while qp,intra decreased 4–6-fold. We show that stress caused by heterologous protein production induces cellular imbalance leading to a secretory bottleneck that ultimately reaches equilibrium. This understanding may help to develop cultivation strategies for improving protein secretion from P. pastoris.Key Points• A novel concept for industrial bioprocess development.• A Relationship between biomass growth and product formation in P. pastoris.• A Three (3) phases of protein production/secretion controlled by the AOX1-promoter.• A Proof of concept in production of industrially relevant penicillin G acylase.