bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion Transport of Biohybrid Asymmetric Membranes by pH and Light‐Cooperative Modulation
Authors: Lv Yujia , Yang Nannan , Lu Shanfu , Xiang Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacteriorhodopsin (bR) is an excellent light‐driven proton pump and plays a vital role in chemical and biological analytical processes, such as maintaining osmotic balance, intracellular acidity, and participating in photosynthesis. Inspired by the special membrane structure with 75% bR and 25% lipid forming a purple membrane (PM) embedded on the Halobacterium salinarum cell membrane, an asymmetric membrane is fabricated by covering an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with a mixture of PM and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and ion transport modulation is achieved via coordination of pH and light stimuli. The rectification ratio of the PM‐doped asymmetric membrane is increased from 2 to 14.43 under costimulation of pH and light. Because bR is a conventional proton pump, the mechanism of this device may shed light on the design of other ionic asymmetric membranes (e.g., Na+, Cl−) via homologs of bR.
The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR2F6 Promotes Hepatic Steatosis through Upregulation of Fatty Acid Transporter CD36
Authors: Zhou Bing , Jia Lijing , Zhang Zhijian , Xiang Liping , Yuan Youwen , Zheng Peilin , Liu Bin , Ren Xingxing , Bian Hua , Xie Liwei , Li Yao , Lu Jieli , Zhang Huijie , Lu Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors which sense hormonal signals or nutrients to regulate various biological events, including development, reproduction, and metabolism. Here, this study identifies nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6), as an important regulator of hepatic triglyceride (TG) homeostasis and causal factor in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated overexpression of NR2F6 in the liver promotes TG accumulation in lean mice, while hepatic‐specific suppression of NR2F6 improves obesity‐associated hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance, and methionine and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mechanistically, the fatty acid translocase CD36 is identified as a transcriptional target of NR2F6 to mediate its steatotic role. NR2F6 is able to bind directly onto the CD36 promoter region in hepatocytes and increases the enrichment of nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (SRC‐1) and histone acetylation at its promoter. Of pathophysiological significance, NR2F6 is significantly upregulated in the livers of obese mice and NAFLD patients. Moreover, treatment with metformin decreases NR2F6 expression in obese mice, resulting in suppression of CD36 and reduced hepatic TG contents. Therefore, these results provide evidence for an unpredicted role of NR2F6 that contributes to liver steatosis and suggest that NR2F6 antagonists may present a therapeutic strategy for reversing or treating NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis.
Neurocognitive, adaptive, and psychosocial functioning in individuals with Robinow syndrome
Authors: Schwartz David D. , Fein Rachel H. , Carvalho Claudia M. B. , Sutton V. Reid , Mazzeu Juliana F. , Axelrad Marni E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt has been estimated that 10–15% of people with Robinow syndrome (RS) show delayed development, but no studies have formally assessed developmental domains. The objective of this study is to provide the first description of cognitive, adaptive, and psychological functioning in RS. Thirteen participants (10 males) aged 4–51 years were seen for neuropsychological screening. Eight had autosomal‐dominant RS (DVL1, n = 5; WNT5A, n = 3), four had autosomal‐recessive RS (NXN, n = 2; ROR2, n = 2), and one had a mutation on an RS candidate gene (GPC4). Participants completed measures of intellectual, fine‐motor, adaptive, executive, and psychological functioning. Findings indicated generally average intellectual functioning and low‐average visuomotor skills. Adaptive functioning was average in autosomal‐recessive RS (RRS) but low average in autosomal‐dominant RS (DRS). Parent‐report indicated executive dysfunction and attention problems in 4/8 children, 3/4 of whom had a DVL1 variant; adult self‐report did not indicate similar difficulties. Learning disabilities were also reported in 4/8 individuals with DRS, 3/4 of whom had a DVL1 variant. Peer problems were reported for a majority of participants, many of whom also reported emotional concerns. Altogether, the findings indicate average neurocognitive functioning in RRS. In contrast, DRS, especially DVL1 pathogenic alleles, may confer specific risk for neurodevelopmental disability.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia as a prominent feature of a SPECC1L‐related syndrome
Authors: Wild K. Taylor , Gordon Tia , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Du Haowei , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Posey Jennifer E. , Lupski James R. , Scott Daryl A. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) confer substantial morbidity and mortality. Genetic defects, including chromosomal anomalies, copy number variants, and sequence variants are identified in ~30% of patients with CDH. A genetic etiology is not yet found in 70% of patients, however there is a growing number of genetic syndromes and single gene disorders associated with CDH. While there have been two reported individuals with X‐linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome with MID1 mutations who have CDH as an associated feature, CDH appears to be a much more prominent feature of a SPECC1L‐related autosomal dominant Opitz G/BBB syndrome. Features unique to autosomal dominant Opitz G/BBB syndrome include branchial fistulae, omphalocele, and a bicornuate uterus. Here we present one new individual and five previously reported individuals with CDH found to have SPECC1L mutations. These cases provide strong evidence that SPECC1L is a bona fide CDH gene. We conclude that a SPECC1L‐related Opitz G/BBB syndrome should be considered in any patient with CDH who has additional features of hypertelorism, a prominent forehead, a broad nasal bridge, anteverted nares, cleft lip/palate, branchial fistulae, omphalocele, and/or bicornuate uterus.
Obtaining Protoanemonin through Selective Oxidation of D‐Fructose and 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural in a Self‐catalysed Reaction
Authors: Martínez José J. , Páez Luis A. , Gutiérrez Luisa F. , Pardo Cuervo Oscar H. , Rojas Hugo A. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Portilla Jaime , Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Becerra Diana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough different ways of converting 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (1) to various substrates with high value have been sought, few transformations have obtained building blocks that can be very useful in the area of fine chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of protoanemonin (5‐methylenefuran‐2(5H)‐one) from D‐fructose via compound (1), a versatile γ‐alkylidenebutenolide, using an efficient self‐catalysed process with formic acid, with high reaction performance and selectivity (up to 94% yield and 98% conversion from (1), while 28% yield from D‐fructose). This efficient and simple operational process involved a two‐phase aqueous‐organic system between chlorinated solvents (CHxCly) and hydrogen peroxide as the initial oxidizing agent. The reaction presents a key cleavage in the 5‐hydroxymethyl moiety of (1), due to the Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation (BVO) process that generates formic acid in situ. Ultimately, DFF and HMF were successfully obtained in 80% and 98% yield, respectively, starting from D‐fructose and using Preyssler heteropolyacids as Brønsted acid catalysts under an atmosphere of oxygen in the absence of hydrogen peroxide.
Life history and socioecology of infancy
Authors: Helfrecht Courtney , Roulette Jennifer W. , Lane Avery , Sintayehu Birhanu , Meehan Courtney L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvolution of human maternal investment strategies is hypothesized to be tied to biological constraints and environmental cues. It is likely, however, that the socioecological context in which mothers' decisions are made is equally important. Yet, a lack of studies examining maternal investment from a cross‐cultural, holistic approach has hindered our ability to investigate the evolution of maternal investment strategies. Here, we take a systems‐level approach to study how human life history characteristics, environments, and socioecology influence maternal investment in their children.Materials and methodsWe test how infant age and sex, maternal age, parity, and child loss, and the composition of a child's cooperative breeding network are associated with maternal investment across three small‐scale (hunter‐gatherer, horticultural, and agropastoral), sub‐Saharan populations (N= 212). Naturalistic behavioral observations also enable us to illustrate the breadth and depth of the human cooperative breeding system.ResultsResults indicate that infant age, maternal age and parity, and an infant's cooperative childcare network are significantly associated with maternal investment, controlling for population. We also find that human allomaternal care is conducted by a range of caregivers, occupying different relational, sex, and age categories. Moreover, investment by allomothers is widely distributed.DiscussionOur findings illustrate the social context in which children are reared in contemporary small‐scale populations, and in which they were likely reared throughout our evolutionary history. The diversity of the caregiving network, coupled with life history characteristics, is predictive of maternal investment strategies, demonstrating the importance of cooperation in the evolution of human ontogeny.
Comparison of liquid‐phase and methanol‐swelling crosslinking processes of polyimide dense membrane forCO2/CH4separation
Authors: Kim Seong‐Joong , Ahn Yeojin , Kim Jeong F. , Nam Seung‐Eun , Park Hosik , Cho Young Hoon , Baek Kyung‐youl , Park You‐In 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo overcome the plasticization effect in polyimide membranes, many researchers have proposed crosslinking method. This can reduce an inter‐segmental mobility by tightening and rigidifying the polymer chains. However, it is difficult to modify the whole polymer chains throughout the membrane because the reaction can be hindered by the diffusion rate of the crosslinker. In particular, it is hard for bulky crosslinker to penetrate a dense membrane with a small d‐spacing. This study investigated the effect of crosslinking a dense Matrimid membrane withp‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA) via two different crosslinking methods (i.e., methanol‐swelling crosslinking process [M‐SCP] and liquid‐phase crosslinking process [L‐PCP]). Most of the crosslinking reaction in M‐SCP occurs on the membrane surface due to difficulty in penetration of the bulkyp‐PDA into the Matrimid dense membrane. In contrast, the L‐PCP allows uniform crosslinking across the membrane. The membranes crosslinked using L‐PCP showed excellent chemical resistance. Furthermore, the plasticization phenomenon was not observed in the membranes crosslinked using L‐PCP withp‐PDA more than 15%. Meanwhile, the membrane crosslinked using M‐SCP exhibited poor plasticization and chemical resistance properties. These results showed that the L‐PCP method can be more effective for the crosslinking of dense membrane to deliver both high plasticization and chemical resistance.
Preparation and mechanism of free‐radical/cationic hybrid photosensitive resin with high tensile strength for three‐dimensional printing applications
Authors: Yang Zijun , Shan Junyang , Huang Yuchen , Dong Xianming , Zheng Wenxu , Jin Yifei , Zhou Wuyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA ultraviolet (UV)‐curing free‐radical/cationic hybrid resin is designed and developed by blending epoxy resin with an acrylic resin, including N‐acryloyl morpholine, polyurethane acrylic ester (PUA), free‐radical and cationic photoinitiator. During UV‐curing, crosslinking locks the acrylate and epoxide polymers together through non‐covalent interaction. Most likely, the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure can be generated in the three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed objects. The obtained results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) show that bisphenol A epoxy resin and acrylic resin are both successfully involved in the UV‐curing process. In addition, the effects of the mass ratio of epoxy to acrylic resin and the UV irradiation time on the properties of the hybrid resin are systematically investigated using liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printers. It is found that the tensile strength of the hybrid resin increases in a certain range and the elongation at the break maintains an upward trend with the increasing mass ratio. Finally, it is found that the shrinkage of the hybrid resin also depends on the mass ratio of epoxy to acrylic resin, which decreases with the increase of the epoxy resin content in a certain range. Thus, herein we propose a feasible UV‐curing mechanism for the synthesis of hybrid resins for 3D printing applications.
Relationship between the residual and total strain from creep‐recovery tests of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Starkova Olesja , Aniskevich Klara , Sevcenko Jevgenijs , Bulderberga Olga , Aniskevich Andrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn assessment of accumulated irreversible strains in polymer composites is a crucial element for controlling dimensional stability of structural components and their remnant life. The residual strains as functions of total creep strains are analyzed by example of creep‐recovery data of polypropylene (PP)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. To cover wide range of strains, creep test regimes with different stresses, loading time, and number of cycles were applied. Totally, data of 62 single creep‐recovery tests for 7 material compositions were used for analysis. A general empirical relationship between the residual and total creep strain is established and finely described by a power law. The residual strain increases with increasing stress and time of loading and decreases with growing amount of MWCNT. The total creep strain, which is implicitly related to stress, time, and sample specificity, determines the contribution of irreversible deformation. This fact overcomes data variability within one series of samples. Similar empirical relationships are obtained for 25 polymer composites from literature reinforced with different types and amount of fillers and tested under different temperatures. The empirical relationship can be used for an express assessment of residual strains accumulated in a long term by performing just a few short‐term control tests.
Microwave‐assisted rapid fabrication of robust polyetherimide bead foam parts
Authors: Feng Dong , Liu Pengju 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolyetherimide (PEI) is an important candidate for fabrication of high‐performance polymer foams. Nevertheless, the manufacture of PEI foamed parts with specific three‐dimensional geometry shape and lightweight properties remains a big challenge worldwide. Herein, a microwave (MW)‐assisted foaming and selective sintering approach was proposed towards rapid fabrication of robust PEI bead foams. During the process, compressed carbon dioxide/tetrahydrofuran was used as physical co‐foaming agent, and the surface‐coated graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was used as MW absorbent. Upon MW irradiation, the GNPs selectively heated and served as solders that effectively facilitated the foaming of expandable PEI (EPEI) beads, and strongly promoted the local polymer melt and entanglement across the surface of EPEI beads. The MW irradiation power and time were considered as the important parameters to achieve fine inter‐bead bonding strength between foamed beads. As a model system, we successfully fabricated a 25‐mm‐thickness foamed part with an apparent density of 0.32 g/cm3and achieved excellent inter‐bead bonding performance. Specifically, we also utilized the COMSOL Multiphysics simulations to study the MW selective heating mechanism. This MW‐assisted fabrication strategy offers a new foaming approach toward high‐performance polymer foamed parts for many advanced applications.
Achieving Purely‐Organic Room‐Temperature Aqueous Phosphorescence via a Two‐Component Macromolecular Self‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Guo Wang , Wang Xuepu , Zhou Bei , Zhang Kaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManipulation of supramolecular behaviors and aggregation states represents an important topic in devising intriguing photofunctional systems. Here we report a two‐component macromolecular self‐assembly strategy for achieving aqueous room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in purely organic systems. Amphiphilic triblock copolymers are used to modulate the self‐assembly of planar RTP molecules in aqueous solution, leading to the formation of sheet‐like RTP objects with well‐defined morphology, uniform crystalline nanostructures and excellent aqueous dispersity. In contrast, the addition of the planar RTP molecules into aqueous medium only leads to precipitation and quenching of RTP properties. Powder X‐ray diffraction and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that the amphiphilic triblock copolymers can assist supramolecular columnar packing of the planar RTP molecules where multiple non‐covalent interactions stabilize the triplet excited states. Interestingly, it is found that luminescent signals of the sheet‐like RTP objects can be extracted from strong fluorescent environments by phosphorescence mode and emission lifetime measurement.
On‐surface Synthesis of a Chiral Graphene Nanoribbon with Mixed Edge Structure
Authors: Keerthi Ashok , Sánchez‐Sánchez Carlos , Deniz Okan , Ruffieux Pascal , Schollmeyer Dieter , Feng Xinliang , Narita Akimitsu , Fasel Roman , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChiral graphene nanoribbons represent an important class of graphene nanomaterials with varying combinations of armchair and zigzag edges conferring them unique structure‐dependent electronic properties. Here, we describe the on‐surface synthesis of an unprecedented cove‐edge chiral GNR with a benzo‐fused backbone on a Au(111) surface using 2,6‐dibromo‐1,5‐diphenylnaphthalene as precursor. The initial precursor self‐assembly and the formation of the chiral GNRs upon annealing are revealed, along with a relatively small electronic bandgap of approximately 1.6 eV, by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy.
Heteroatom Doping Strategy for Establishing Hematite Homojunction as Efficient Photocatalyst for Accelerating Water Splitting
Authors: Tao Shang‐Mao , Chung Ren‐Jei , Lin Lu‐Yin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) is one of the promising photocatalysts for water oxidation, owing to its stable, abundant and visible‐light responsive features. Enhancing electrical conductivity and accelerating oxidation evolution kinetics are expected to improve photocatalytic ability of hematite toward water oxidation. In this work, strategies of doping heteroatoms and developing pn homojunction are adopted to enhance the photocatalytic ability of hematite electrodes. The Ti and Mg dopants are separately incorporated in two layers of hematite electrodes via two‐step hydrothermal reaction and one‐step annealing process. The effect of regrowth time for synthesizing Mg‐doped hematite on the photoelectrochemical performance of Mg‐doped and Ti‐doped hematite (Mg−Fe2O3/Ti−Fe2O3) electrode is studied. The size of rod‐like structure and gaps in‐between play important roles on the photocatalytic ability of Mg−Fe2O3/Ti−Fe2O3. The optimized Mg−Fe2O3/Ti−Fe2O3 electrode is prepared by using merely 10 min for synthesizing the Mg‐doped hematite top layer, which shows the highest photocurrent density of 2.83 mA/cm2 at 1.60 VRHE along with the highest carrier density of 5.89×1016 cm−3 and the smallest charge‐transfer resistance. This largely improved photoelectrochemical performance is attributed to the more donor generation with heteroatom‐doping and more efficient charge cascade with homojunction establishment. Other p‐type metals are encouraged to dope in hematite as the second layer to couple with the n‐type Ti‐doped hematite for developing efficient pn homojunction and improve the photocatalytic ability of hematite in the near future.
Recent Advances in Oxide‐based Nonlinear Optical Materials with Wide Infrared Transparency Beyond 6 μm
Authors: Chen Xinglong , Ok Kang Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) materials are indispensable for laser frequency conversion, by which the output wavelength of laser can be greatly expanded. A prerequisite for the applications of NLO materials is that they must be optically transparent in the working spectral range. Although the widely used infrared (IR) NLO crystals such as AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, and ZnGeP2 have very broad mid‐IR (2–20 μm) transparency, they are all inherently suffered by low laser‐induced damage thresholds (LDTs). Oxide‐based materials usually possess desirably high LDTs, however, most of them have quite limited IR transparency, typically, within 6 μm. In this Minireview, we focus on new oxide‐based NLO materials showing exceptionally wide IR transparent ranges beyond 6 μm, in which significant developments have been achieved in recent years. Nine relevant NLO materials are investigated and analyzed from the aspects of design strategy, synthesis and large crystal growth, optical and NLO properties as well as composition‐structure‐property correlations. A brief perspective on the future research directions is also provided.
On the new operational characteristic for degrading systems executing missions of fixed duration
Authors: Finkelstein Maxim , Levitin Gregory 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn practice, it is often important to know how a system is performing as compared with initial, prior assessment of its reliability characteristics (black‐box scenario). For degrading systems, this comparison can be executed by observing degradation dynamically and then comparing the corresponding remaining lifetime of an operating system at each instant of time with that of the black‐box scenario. As a motivating example, the 1 out of n cold standby system is considered. Then the results of comparisons are generalized to the case of the general monotone stochastic processes of deterioration. Finally, based on the developed reasoning, a problem of describing the quality of performance of systems executing missions of the fixed duration is considered for the cost‐wise and probability‐wise criteria. The detailed numerical examples for the homogeneous gamma process of deterioration are presented.