bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature, Antioxidants, and High‐Vacuum Distillation on the Oxidation of Biodiesel Derived from Waste Vegetable Oil
Authors: Maglinao Randy L. , Wagner Torrey J. , Duff Keegan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiodiesel offers several environmental benefits and improvements to some fuel performance properties, but its poor oxidative stability has been a major concern. Currently, the accepted practice to improve biodiesel oxidative stability is the addition of antioxidants; numerous antioxidants have been studied but their effectiveness in inhibiting biodiesel oxidation is difficult to predict due to variation with resonance stability, solubility, reactivity, and volatility. To improve prediction efforts, this study explored the Rapid Small‐Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT) as a means to investigate how biodiesel oxidation is affected by antioxidant concentration and temperature, and compared its results with the oxidative stability index test. A weak correlation was identified due to antioxidant variation. A kinetic model expressed in temperature and induction period was developed for biodiesel before high‐vacuum distillation (HVD), after HVD and also after HVD with three concentrations of propyl gallate (PG) and tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants. The approach was validated by comparing collected data on the oxidation of methyl oleate with kinetic parameters found in the literature. Antioxidant concentrations from 130–930 ppm were tested, and the results revealed that the apparent activation energy of biodiesel oxidation increases with increasing concentration of primary antioxidants and decreases during vacuum distillation. When treated with an increasing concentration (130–930 ppm) of PG and TBHQ, the apparent activation energies of a vacuum distilled biodiesel changed from 108.46 ± 4.45 to 112.72 ± 1.46 kJ·mol−1 and from 77.14 ± 2.25 to 89.91 ± 2.29 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These observed trends agree with both the accepted mechanism of primary oxidation of fuels and mode of action of primary antioxidants.
Honest mistake or perhaps not: The role of descriptive and injunctive norms on the magnitude of dishonesty
Authors: Lois Giannis , Wessa Michèle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrivial acts of dishonesty are very prevalent in everyday life and have severe economic and societal consequences. The present study aims to examine the role of descriptive and injunctive norms in minor and major dishonesty under ambiguity. We devised a novel experimental design in which rule violations can be the result of honest mistakes or various dishonest processes. In this ambiguous context, we observed a high prevalence of minor rule violations at baseline. In two experiments, exposure to increased peer cheating (i.e., negative descriptive norms) promoted major rule violations, whereas the presence of explicit or subtle rule reminders (i.e., injunctive norms) marginally reduced minor rule violations but had no impact on major rule violations. We interpret these findings within the framework of social norm theory, self‐maintenance theory, and bounded ethicality. Implications regarding policies that target ordinary unethical behavior are discussed.
The first appearance deceives many: Isolated RV infarct masquerading as an anterior STEMI
Authors: Ismail Umar , Toleva Olga , Jassal Davinder S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough ST‐segment elevation in the precordial leads on an EKG is highly suggestive of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, the pattern can also result from isolated right ventricular (RV) infarction.
IgG4‐related disease mimicking renal pelvis tumor with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Chang Che‐Wei , Tang Shih‐Hao , Su Chia‐Hung , Tsai Kun‐Bow , Lee Yung‐Chin , Jhan Jhen‐Hao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIgG4‐RD may rarely present as a retroperitoneal fibrosis, mimicking carcinomatosis. Clinicians should consider this disease when encountering an idiopathic peritoneal and retroperitoneal fibrosis with renal involvement and hydronephrosis.
Triarylborane‐Appended Anils and Boranils: Solid‐State Emission, Mechanofluorochromism, and Phosphorescence
Authors: Nandi Rajendra Prasad , Sudhakar Pagidi , Kalluvettukuzhy Neena K. , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, the design, synthesis, optical properties, and mechanofluorochromism characteristics of a series of conjugates having covalently linked triarylborane (TAB) and anil/boranil units (TAB‐anil: 1 a–3 a and TAB‐boranil: 1–3) are reported. The electronic interactions between TAB and anil/boranil in 1 a–3 a and 1–3 were fine‐tuned by changing the boryl moiety's position on the phenyl spacer connecting the BMes2 (Mes=mesityl) and anil/boranil units. A boryl moiety at the meta position (1 a) of the phenyl spacer stabilizes the enolic form (E‐OH), whereas a boryl moiety at the para position (2 a and 3 a) stabilizes the keto form (Z‐NH) in the solid state. However, in solution 1 a, 2 a, and 3 a exhibit keto–enol tautomerism in both ground and excited states. Compounds 1 a–3 a and 1–3 show red‐shifted absorption compared with 4 a and 4, which are devoid of TAB moieties, which indicate effective participation of an empty p orbital on the boron center in 1 a–3 a and 1–3. Compounds 1 and 2 showed fluorescence variations in response to external stimuli such as mechanical grinding. Long phosphorescence lifetimes of 18–46 ms were observed for compounds 1–3. The observed optical properties of 1 a–3 a and 1–3 are rationalized in the context of quantum mechanical calculations.
Surface‐Dependent Activation of Model α‐Al2O3‐Supported P‐Doped Hydrotreating Catalysts Prepared by Spin Coating
Authors: Garcia de Castro Ricardo , Bertrand Jérémy , Rigaud Baptiste , Devers Elodie , Digne Mathieu , Lamic‐Humblot Anne‐Félicie , Pirngruber Gerhard , Carrier Xavier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRequirements for improved catalytic formulations is continuously driving research in hydrotreating (HDT) catalysis for biomass upgrading and heteroatom removal for cleaner fuels. The present work proposes a surface‐science approach for the understanding of the genesis of the active (sulfide) phase in model P‐doped MoS2 hydrotreating catalysts supported on α‐Al2O3 single crystals. This approach allows one to obtain a surface‐dependent insight by varying the crystal orientations of the support. Model phosphorus‐doped catalysts are prepared via spin‐coating of Mo–P precursor solutions onto four α‐Al2O3 crystal orientations, C(0001), A(11
0), M(10
0) and R(1
02) that exhibit different speciations of surface ‐OH. 31P and 95Mo liquid‐state NMR are used to give a comprehensive description of the Mo and P speciation of the phospho‐molybdic precursor solution. The speciation of the deposition solution is then correlated with the genesis of the active MoS2 phase. XPS quantification of the surface P/Mo ratio reveal a surface‐dependent phosphate aggregation driven by the amount of free phosphates in solution. Phosphates aggregation decreases in the following order C(0001)≫M(10
0)>A(11
0), R(1
02). This evolution can be rationalized by an increasing strength of phosphate/surface interactions on the different α‐Al2O3 surface orientations from the C(0001) to the R(1
02) plane. Retardation of the sulfidation with temperature is observed for model catalysts with the highest phosphate dispersion on the surface (A(11
0), R(1
02)), suggesting that phosphorus strongly intervene in the genesis of the active phase through a close intimacy between phosphates and molybdates. The surface P/Mo ratio appears as a key descriptor to quantify this retarding effect. It is proposed that retardation of sulfidation is driven by two effects: i) a chemical inhibition through formation of hardly reducible mixed molybdo‐phosphate structures and ii) a physical inhibition with phosphate clusters inhibiting the growth of MoS2. The surface‐dependent phosphorus doping on model α‐Al2O3 supports can be used as a guide for the rational design of more efficient HDT catalysts on industrial γ‐Al2O3 carrier.
Molecular Magnets: The Synthesis and Characterization of High‐Spin Nitrenes
Authors: Chapyshev Sergei V. , Mendez‐Vega Enrique , Sander Wolfram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong all C‐, N‐, and O‐centered polyradicals, high‐spin nitrenes possess the largest magnetic anisotropy and are of considerable interest as multi‐level molecular spin systems for exploration of organic molecular magnetism and quantum information processing. Although the first representatives of quintet and septet nitrenes were obtained almost 50 years ago, the experimental and theoretical studies of these highly reactive species became possible only recently, owing to new achievements in molecular spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Meanwhile, dozens of various quintet dinitrenes and septet trinitrenes were successfully characterized by IR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, thus providing important information about the electronic structure, magnetic properties and reactivity of these compounds.
Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention
Authors: Krumb Matthias , Jäger Maximilian , Voss Alice , Immig Loreen , Peters Karin , Kowalczyk Danuta , Bufe Albrecht , Opatz Till , Holst Otto , Vogel Christian , Peters Marcus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractArabinogalactan, a microheterogeneous polysaccharide occurring in plants, is known for its allergy‐protective activity, which could potentially be used for preventive allergy treatment. New treatment options are highly desirable, especially in a preventive manner, due to the constant rise of atopic diseases worldwide. The structural origin of the allergy‐protective activity of arabinogalactan is, however, still unclear and isolation of the polysaccharide is not feasible for pharmaceutical applications due to a variation of the activity of the natural product and contaminations with endotoxins. Therefore, a pentasaccharide partial structure was selected for total synthesis and subsequently coupled to a carrier protein to form a neoglycoconjugate. The allergy‐protective activity of arabinogalactan could be reproduced with the partial structure in subsequent in vivo experiments. This is the first example of a successful simplification of arabinogalactan with a single partial structure while retaining its allergy‐preventive potential.
Syntheses of Salmonella Paratyphi A Associated Oligosaccharide Antigens and Development towards Anti‐Paratyphoid Fever Vaccines
Authors: Dhara Debashis , Baliban Scott M. , Huo Chang‐Xin , Rashidijahanabad Zahra , Sears Khandra T. , Nick Setare Tahmasebi , Misra Anup Kumar , Tennant Sharon M. , Huang Xuefei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains, the development of anti‐Salmonella vaccines is an important task. Currently there are no approved vaccines against Salmonella Paratyphi A, the leading cause of paratyphoid fever. To fill this gap, oligosaccharides corresponding to the O‐polysaccharide repeating units from the surface of Salmonella Paratyphi A have been synthesized through convergent stereoselective glycosylations. The synthetic glycan antigen was conjugated with a powerful immunogenic carrier system, the bacteriophage Qβ. The resulting construct was able to elicit strong and long‐lasting anti‐glycan IgG antibody responses, which were highly selective toward Salmonella Paratyphi A associated glycans. The availability of well‐defined glycan antigen enabled the determination that one repeating unit of the polysaccharide is sufficient to induce protective antibodies, and the paratose residue and/or the O‐acetyl modifications on the backbone are important for recognition by antibodies elicited by a Qβ‐tetrasaccharide conjugate. Immune sera provided excellent protection to mice from lethal challenge with Salmonella Paratyphi A, highlighting the potential of the synthetic glycan‐based vaccine.
Enzymatic Insertion of Lipids Increases Membrane Tension for Inhibiting Drug Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Jiaqing , Tan Weiyi , Li Guanying , Wu Difei , He Hongjian , Xu Jiashu , Yi Meihui , Zhang Ye , Aghvami S. Ali , Fraden Seth , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough lipids contribute to cancer drug resistance, it is challenging to target diverse range of lipids. Here, we show enzymatically inserting exceedingly simple synthetic lipids into membranes for increasing membrane tension and selectively inhibiting drug resistant cancer cells. The lipid, formed by conjugating dodecylamine to d‐phosphotyrosine, self‐assembles to form micelles. Enzymatic dephosphorylation of the micelles inserts the lipids into membranes and increases membrane tension. The micelles effectively inhibit a drug resistant glioblastoma cell (T98G) or a triple‐negative breast cancer cell (HCC1937), without inducing acquired drug resistance. Moreover, the enzymatic reaction of the micelles promotes the accumulation of the lipids in the membranes of subcellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and mitochondria), thus activating multiple regulated cell death pathways. This work, in which for the first time membrane tension is increased to inhibit cancer cells, illustrates a new and powerful supramolecular approach for antagonizing difficult drug targets.
Wasserabsorption von Getreidekörnern – Vergleich verschiedener Modelle
Authors: Zettel Viktoria , Paquet‐Durand Olivier , Hankele Svenja , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVerarbeitungsprozesse von Getreide erfordern häufig eine Wasseraufnahme der Getreidekörner. Verschiedene Wasserabsorptionsmodelle (das Peleg‐Modell, das erweiterte Peleg‐Modell, das Modell nach Thakur und das Becker‐Modell) wurden an die Messdaten von Weizen, Roggen, Gerste, Hafer, Reis und Mais angepasst. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden für alle Getreidegattungen mit dem erweiterten Peleg‐Modell mit vier Parametern erzielt. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse können helfen, Simulationen von Wasserabsorptionsprozessen zu erstellen und sowohl die Überwachung als auch die Regelung von Wasserabsorptionsprozessen zu vereinfachen.
Effect of Renal or Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Intravenous Rivipansel
Authors: Tammara Brinda K. , Ryan Kelly , Plotka Anna , Shafer Frank E. , Wei Hua , Readett David , Fang Annie , Korth‐Bradley Joan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo studies evaluated the effects of renal and hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics and safety of rivipansel (NCT02813798, NCT02871570). A single intravenous 840‐mg rivipansel dose was administered to subjects with renal impairment or normal renal function in study 1005 and subjects with moderate hepatic impairment or normal hepatic function in study 1006. Plasma (both studies) and urine (study 1005) samples were collected for 96 hours postdose. All subjects in studies 1005 (n = 28) and 1006 (n = 16) completed all study procedures. Rivipansel exposure (AUCinf) was 47%, 124%, and 437% higher and total clearance 30%, 57%, and 82% lower in the mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment groups, respectively, than in the normal renal function group. Overall rivipansel exposure was 20% lower and total clearance 31% higher in the moderate hepatic impairment group than in the normal hepatic function group. Ten treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in studies 1005 and 1006; no event was considered treatment related. As expected, clearance of rivipansel decreased with increasing renal impairment. The difference observed between rivipansel pharmacokinetics in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment and subjects with normal hepatic function was not considered clinically significant. Single doses of rivipansel were well tolerated in subjects with either renal or hepatic impairment.
Morphology, Structure, and Dynamics of Pentacene Thin Films and Their Nanocomposites with [C2C1im][NTf2] and [C2C1im][OTF] Ionic Liquids
Authors: Campos Ricardo M. , Alves Alexandre C. P. M. , Lima Marco A. L. , Farinha Artur F. M. , Cardoso João P. S. , Mendes Adélio , Costa José C. S. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a homogeneous thin film growth of pentacene onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surfaces is explored using a high‐resolution and reproducible vapor deposition methodology. Moreover, vacuum thermal evaporation of ionic liquids (ILs) ([C2C1im][NTf2] and [C2C1im][OTF]) onto ITO, gold/palladium (AuPd) and pentacene surfaces were performed. A greater wettability behavior of ILs is observed for surfaces containing AuPd. Sequential and simultaneous depositions of ILs and pentacene were explored. Simultaneous depositions lead to the formation of nanocomposites films, consisting of IL micro‐ and nanodroplets covered by pentacene layers. Plasma surface treatment was used to induce the ILs droplets coalescence and explore the dynamics and phase separation of the nanocomposites. The [C2C1im][OTF] droplets were found to be completely covered with pentacene, which suggests a great affinity between cation‐anion pairs and the aromatic moiety. Pentacene films and their nanocomposites with ILs exhibit a typical optical band gap of Egap=1.77 eV, indicating that the nanocomposite phase domains are large enough to behavior as the bulk.
Chiral Self‐Sorting Effects in the Self‐Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Aggregates Comprising Ligands Derived from Tröger's Base
Authors: Jarzebski Andreas , Schnakenburg Gregor , Lützen Arne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFive ligands with either nitrile or isonitrile metal binding motifs have been synthesized based on the 2,8‐ or 3,9‐disubstituted Tröger's base scaffold, respectively. These ligands self‐assemble into dinuclear cyclic metallosupramolecular aggregates upon coordination to [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2] in a highly diastereoselective manner, by heterochiral self‐sorting in a chiral self‐discriminating manner as shown by ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal XRD analysis. This observation is in contrast to earlier studies with ligands derived from Tröger's base that have larger metal binding motifs and bis(nitrile) and bis(isonitrile) ligands based on other rigid dissymmetric cores such as [2.2]paracyclophanes. Thus, the combination of these slim metal binding motifs with the rigid v‐shaped 2,8‐ or 3,9‐disubstituted Tröger's base scaffolds seems to be especially well preorganized to ensure high‐fidelity social self‐sorting behavior.
Natural enemy–herbivore networks along local management and landscape gradients in urban agroecosystems
Authors: Philpott Stacy M. , Lucatero Azucena , Bichier Peter , Egerer Monika H. , Jha Shalene , Lin Brenda , Liere Heidi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEcological networks can provide insight into how biodiversity loss and changes in species interactions impact the delivery of ecosystem services. In agroecosystems that vary in management practices, quantifying changes in ecological network structure across gradients of local and landscape composition can inform both the ecology and function of productive agroecosystems. In this study, we examined natural‐enemy–herbivore co‐occurrence networks associated with Brassica oleracea (cole crops), a common crop in urban agricultural systems. Specifically, we investigated how local management characteristics of urban community gardens and the landscape composition around them affect (1) the abundance of B. oleracea herbivores and their natural enemies, (2) the natural‐enemy : herbivore ratio, and (3) natural‐enemy–herbivore co‐occurrence network metrics. We sampled herbivores and natural enemies in B. oleracea plants in 24 vegetable gardens in the California, USA central coast region. We also collected information on garden characteristics and land‐use cover of the surrounding landscape (2 km radius). We found that increased floral richness and B. oleracea abundance were associated with increased parasitoid abundance, non‐aphid herbivore abundance, and increased network vulnerability; increased vegetation complexity suppressed parasitoid abundance, but still boosted network vulnerability. High agricultural land‐use cover in the landscape surrounding urban gardens was associated with lower predator, parasitoid, and non‐aphid herbivore abundance, lower natural‐enemy : herbivore ratios, lower interaction richness, and higher trophic complementarity. While we did not directly measure pest control, higher interaction richness, higher vulnerability, and lower trophic complementarity are associated with higher pest control services in other agroecosystems. Thus, if gardens function similarly to other agroecosystems, our results indicate that increasing vegetation complexity, including trees, shrubs, and plant richness, especially within gardens located in intensively farmed landscapes, could potentially enhance the biodiversity and abundance of natural enemies, supporting ecological networks associated with higher pest control services.
Exergy recovery from water heating by a Scheffler collector for more exergetic factor
Authors: Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this experimental research, the recovery of exergy from a Scheffler collector is assessed where a receiver cum spiral absorber tube of mild steel of size, 0.025 m diameter and 10 m length was tested at various Direct Beam Radiations (DNI) (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 W/m2) and mass flow rates of water (400, 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 kg/hr). For this aim, the heating of the flowing water is performed through the receiver, installed at the fixed focus of the collector. As a significant consequence, by rising the DNI and mass flow rate, the recovered exergy enhanced. Further, the increment of the exergy factor because of the utilization of the recovered exergy from the Scheffler collector has also been investigated in this paper. The results demonstrate that by utilizing the recovered exergy, the exergy factor increased approximately 36.18%. The outcomes of this research article are also validated with the “solar parabolic dish concentrator” to set the novelty of the work.
Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic activity of kaolinite: Sensitized by in situ growth of Cu‐TiO2
Authors: Liu Zhengjiang , Wang Anqi , Zhang Qiancheng , Liu Juming , Ma Huiyan , Li Di , Xing Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSensitized kaolinite with improved visible‐light catalytic activity was prepared via a facile in‐situ growth of nanosized Cu‐TiO2 on the surface of the sulfated kaolinite impregnated in Cu‐TiO2 sol. The as‐prepared photocatalysts were characterized in terms of various techniques. The transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer results revealed that Cu‐TiO2 could grow on the surface of the pretreated kaolinite and the aggregation of Cu‐TiO2 was successfully inhibited. The X‐ray photoelectron spectrum confirmed the formation of AlOTi bonds between Cu‐TiO2 and sulfated kaolinite in the sensitized kaolinite composite. The sensitized kaolinite composite exhibited significantly improved performance in the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), leading to about 87% of RhB degradation in 180 min, which is superior to that of the kaolinite, calcined kaolin, and sulfated calcined kaolin under visible‐light irradiation. The superior photodegradation activity of the sensitized kaolinite composite was primarily attributed to the synergetic effect of Cu‐TiO2 sensitization and sulfation, resulting from the efficient transfer and separation of the photo‐induced charge carriers between Cu‐TiO2 and kaolinite.