bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano Ball‐Milling Using Titania Nanoparticles to Anchor Cesium Lead Bromine Nanocrystals and Energy Transfer Characteristics in TiO2@CsPbBr3 Architecture
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Yang Yongge , Chen Peng , Shan Yufeng , Li Yang , Shi Jichao , Hou Jingshan , Zhang Na , Zhao Guoying , Xu Jiayue , Fang Yongzheng , Dai Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, all‐inorganic halide perovskite (CsPbX3, (X = Cl, Br, and I)) nanocrystals (NCs) based hybrid architectures have attracted extensive attention owing to their distinct luminescence characteristics. However, due to stress and lattice mismatch, it is still a challenge to construct heterojunctions between perovskite NCs and the nanostructures with different lattice parameters and non‐cubic contour. In this work, a room temperature mechanochemical method is presented to construct TiO2@CsPbBr3 hybrid architectures, in which TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a hard lattice as nano “balls” mill off the angles and anchor to the CsPbBr3 NCs with a soft lattice. On the contrary, to ball‐mill without TiO2 or with conventional ceramics balls replacing TiO2, CsPbBr3 NCs still maintain cubic contour deriving from their cubic crystal structures. Moreover, the TiO2@CsPbBr3 architectures display distinct improvement of photoluminescence quantum yields and more excellent thermal stability in contrast with pristine CsPbBr3 owing to the passivation of surface defect, small surface area, and energy transfer from CsPbBr3 to TiO2. Meanwhile, there is distinct luminous decay characteristic under the radiation of UV and visible light due to the “on” and “off” TiO2 response. The method provides an alternative strategy to acquire other anchoring heterojunctions based on perovskite NCs for further regulating their luminescent characteristics.
Current perspectives on the software engineering process
Authors: Biró Miklós , Colomo‐Palacios Ricardo , Messnarz Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis volume comprises a selected set of high‐quality and extended articles of the 26th Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement (EuroSPI) Conference, held during September 18–20, 2019 in Edinburgh, UK. Conferences were held in Dublin (Ireland) in 1994, in Vienna (Austria) in 1995, in Brighton (UK) in 1996, in Budapest (Hungary) in 1997, in Gothenburg (Sweden) in 1998, in Pori (Finland) in 1999, in Copenhagen (Denmark) in 2000, in Limerick (Ireland) in 2001, in Nuremberg (Germany) in 2002, in Graz (Austria) in 2003, in Trondheim (Norway) in 2004, in Budapest (Hungary) in 2005, in Joensuu (Finland) in 2006, in Potsdam (Germany) in 2007, in Dublin (Ireland) in 2008, in Alcala (Spain) in 2009, in Grenoble (France) in 2010, in Roskilde (Denmark) in 2011, in Vienna (Austria) in 2012, in Dundalk (Ireland) in 2013, in Luxembourg in 2014, in Ankara (Turkey) in 2015, in Graz (Austria) in 2016, in Ostrava (Czech Republic) in 2017, in Bilbao (Spain) in 2018, and in Edinburgh (UK) in 2019.
Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Liu Chongming , Zeng Qingsen , Wei Haotong , Yu Yue , Zhao Yue , Feng Tanglue , Yang Bai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solar cells have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and unique advantages, which distinguish them from conventional nanocrystals and their bulk counterparts. This emerging type of photovoltaic is promising but faces many challenges regarding commercialization. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented on the recent progress and current challenges in PNC solar cells. It begins by reviewing the optoelectronic, unique properties of PNCs for photovoltaic devices. Then, the limiting factors on performance are detailed and analyzed with respect to the Shockley–Queisser limit, followed by a summary of effective strategies for efficiency improvement alongside other promising ideas. Finally, the present challenges are discussed toward high‐efficiency, stable, easy‐to‐process, and low‐cost, commercial, PNC photovoltaics. This review aims to attract further attention to the design and development of PNC solar cells, which will accelerate their progress.
Covalently Sandwiching MXene by Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Excellent Stability for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Weizu , Huang Bingyu , Li Longbin , Zhang Kaiyang , Li Yizhe , Huang Jun , Tang Xiannong , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D MXenes have attracted wide attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties. However, MXene nanosheets suffer from restacking and are susceptible to oxidation and consequently lose their functional properties which limits their applications. Thus, it is desirable to explore strategies to preserve MXene nanosheets and avoid oxidation. Herein, an effective strategy to produce MXene‐based conjugated microporous polymers (M‐CMPs) by covalently sandwiching MXene between CMPs using p‐iodophenyl functionalized MXene as templates is demonstrated. The as‐prepared M‐CMPs inherit the 2D architecture and high conductivity of MXene in terms of hierarchical porous structure and large specific surface area of CMPs. Moreover, the restacking and oxidation of MXene are simultaneously suppressed. Such advanced structural merits are critical for electrochemical energy storage. As‐proof‐of‐concept, the M‐CMPs are used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. As expected, with the improved structural advantages, M‐CMPs showcase superior capacitive performance than the MXene and CMPs counterparts. This work not only provides an opportunity for fabricating high performance MXene nanocomposites for energy storage/conversion but also has the potential to be generalized to resolve the challenges in the area of MXene engineering.
Efficient Na‐Ion Storage in 2D TiS2 Formed by a Vapor Phase Anion‐Exchange Process
Authors: Zhuo Sifei , Huang Gang , Lei Yongjiu , Wang Wenxi , Liu Zhixiong , Xu Xiangming , Yin Jian , Alshareef Husam N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHierarchical nanocomposites that couple downsized 2D materials with carbonaceous functional supports are promising electrode materials for metal ion batteries. Herein, a honeycomb‐like Na‐ion battery (NIB) anode material, which comprises 2D downsized TiS2 nanocrystals uniformly dispersed in a 3D porous carbon honeycomb, is developed by a vapor phase anion‐exchange reaction of CS2 with a dual‐template of TiO2 sealing in hydrogen‐substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY). On the one hand, the 2D downsized TiS2 nanolayers offer much more accessible active sites for both Na+ storage and polysulfide trapping; on the other hand, the 3D porous hollow carbon nanoscale honeycomb not only provides numerous space‐confined nanorooms to reduce the stacking of the tiny 2D TiS2 nanolayers and suppress the dissolution of polysulfide, but also works as built‐in 3D conductive networks to support the electron/ion transfer and buffer the volume expansion during cycling. In light of this, such a hybrid 3D TiS2@carbon honeycomb achieves a high reversible capacity with high‐rate and long‐life performance for NIBs.
Reducing Open‐Circuit Voltage Deficit in Perovskite Solar Cells via Surface Passivation with Phenylhydroxylammonium Halide Salts
Authors: Yi Xiaohui , Mao Yichen , Zhang Lu , Zhuang Jing , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Ningli , Lin Tao , Wei Yuanzhi , Wang Fuyi , Wang Jizheng , Li Cheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuppressing non‐radiative recombination via passivating surface defects of perovskite films has demonstrated an excellent strategy for high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is still hard to realize both high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of >1.2 V and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >22%, because the optimized bandgap of perovskite films is less than 1.60 eV for efficient light harvesting and Voc deficit is generally unavoidable due to carriers recombination. Here, the surface of the perovskite film is treated with a series of phenylhydroxylammonium halide salts and it is found that all of them can remarkably prolong the carrier lifetime owing to their excellent capability of surface defects passivation. The best PSC with phenylbutylammonium bromide treatment realizes a PCE of 22.67% with a Voc of 1.216 V, corresponding to a small Voc deficit of ≈344 mV.
Promoting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Fields: Effects of Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Strain, and Light
Authors: Yao Jiandong , Huang Wenjing , Fang Wei , Kuang Min , Jia Ning , Ren Hao , Liu Daobin , Lv Chade , Liu Chuntai , Xu Jianwei , Yan Qingyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen fuel is considered as one of the most clean renewable resources, warranting it a primary alternative to fossil fuels for future energy supplies. Electrocatalytic water splitting is an eco‐friendly technique for high‐purity hydrogen production. However, the sluggish dynamics of its two half‐reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are tough challenges impeding the practical application of this technology. In these years, external field‐assisted HER and OER have attracted extensive research interests. Herein, the effects of various fields, including electric field, magnetic field, strain, and light, on electrocatalytic HER and OER are systematically discussed. The focus is how to integrate the external fields with the electrocatalytic systems and the fundamentals of field promoted HER/OER activities. In the end, the key challenges facing this rapidly progressing research field are highlighted and possible strategies addressing them are indicated.
Advanced Materials Prepared via Metallic Reduction Reactions for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , He Hanna , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Wang Haiyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvanced materials with various micro‐/nanostructures have attracted plenty of attention in energy storage field over the past decades. Metallic reduction reactions (MRRs) possess the merits of low energy consumption, flexibility, convenience, and scalability, which have been considered as potential methods to acquire diverse micro‐/nanostructured materials. In this review, the latest progress of MRRs is systematically summed up, featuring the usage of metallic reductants (e.g., magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lithium) on synthesizing of advanced micro‐/nanostructured materials and their applications in various energy storage systems. The as‐obtained materials (e.g., carbon‐, silicon‐, germanium‐, antimony‐, and titanium‐based materials) can deliver various architectures, including solid spherical structures, hollow porous structures, core–shell structures, yolk–shell structures, core–satellite structures, and many kinds of 1D, 2D, 3D micro‐/nanostructures. Besides, the defect properties of materials can be well tuned via MRRs. The application progress of these materials as active electrodes, host materials, or functional interlayers for lithium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries, or supercapacitors is reviewed. In the end, the strengths and insufficiencies of MRRs are discussed and the probable future research directions of MRRs are proposed.
Microstructural Changes and In Vitro Digestibility of Maize Starch Treated with Different Calcium Compounds Used in Nixtamalization Processes
Authors: Roldan‐Cruz Cesar , Garcia‐Diaz Samuel , Garcia‐Hernandez Angeles , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Vernon‐Carter E. Jaime 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaize starch dispersions (5 g/100 mL water) are treated with Ca(OH)2 (0.2 g/100 g starch), emulating the traditional nixtamalization process, and with CaCl2 or Ca(CO)3 (1.0g/100 g starch) salts, emulating ecological nixtamalization processes. The effect of these calcium compounds upon the in vitro digestibility of maize starch is evaluated in comparison to an untreated starch dispersion used as control. The Ca(OH)2 treatment significantly increases the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) fraction (from ≈33 to 64%) and significantly decreases the slowly digestible starch (SDS) fraction (from ≈63 to 30%), while both salt treatments lead to significant decreases in the RDS fraction (from ≈33 to 17%) and significant increases in the SDS fraction (from ≈63 to 76%), and resistant starch (RS) fraction (from ≈2.8 to 6.8%), compared to the untreated control. The mechanisms responsible for causing changes in the digestible starch fractions are not fully elucidated. Optical micrographs and different analytical methods (rheology, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance) are used to explore the molecular organization of untreated and the different calcium‐treated samples. It is found that the disruption of insoluble remnants (ghosts) by alkali treatment and the formation of calcium‐mediated cross‐linking structures play an important role in the in vitro digestibility and microstructural changes of maize starch.
Suitable pretreatment process for rice husk ash towards dosage optimization and its effect on properties of cementitious mortar
Authors: Kameshwar Patel , Athira Gopinath , Bahurudeen Abdulsalam , Nanthagopalan Prakash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPretreatment processes on rice husk ash (RHA) influence its properties and in turn, the performance of concrete. However, most of the available literature captures only the influence of the RHA usage in concrete without focusing on the systematic pretreatment process and optimization of RHA dosage on physical and chemical perspective. Further, the replacements were done on weight basis, leading to higher binder volume and inaccuracies in the performance evaluation. The main objective of the present study is to adopt adequate pretreatment process and to systematically optimize the RHA dosage (vol. %) towards better strength and durability properties. Hence, the current study focuses on understanding the nature of RHA through characterization, followed by suitable pretreatment processes for enhancing the properties of RHA. The enhancement in the chemical activity of the treated RHA was assessed through pozzolanic activity tests (strength activity index, lime consumption test, and soluble silica). Based on the physical properties (particle size, surface area, and packing density), chemical characteristics (strength activity index) and the energy required, the grinding time (30 min) was optimized rationally. The optimized dosage of RHA (20% by vol.) was evaluated for its performance through fresh, mechanical, and durability properties. From the results, it is evident that adequate pretreatment, along with systematically optimized RHA dosage yields enhanced performance in concrete properties.
A prickly puzzle: Generic delimitations in theCarduus‐Cirsiumgroup (Compositae: Cardueae: Carduinae)
Authors: Ackerfield Jennifer , Susanna Alfonso , Funk Vicki , Kelch Dean , Park Daniel S. , Thornhill Andrew H. , Yildiz Bayram , Arabaci Turan , Dirmenci Tuncay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeneric delimitations within the cosmopolitanCarduus‐Cirsiumgroup (i.e., “thistles”) have a long history of taxonomic confusion and debate. We present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the group to date to test generic limits, reconstruct the evolution of pappus type, and elucidate the role of chromosomal evolution. We offer two solutions for the recognition of monophyletic genera: (1) consolidate all taxa into one large genus (CarduusorCirsium), or (2) recognize each major clade as a genus (Carduus,Cirsium,Eriolepis,Notobasis,Picnomon,Silybum, andTyrimnus). Under the second proposal, the cryptic genusEriolepisis segregated fromCirsium, and the AfricanCarduusare included withinCirsium. The best diagnosable morphological character to delimit the genera is pollen type, which is not practical in field‐based application. We caution that prior to implementing either solution, a thorough, comprehensive morphological analysis of all current members ofCirsiumsect.Epitrachys(= genusEriolepis) be completed. Future morphological studies may find additional achene or leaf surface characters that could be used for practical field identification of the segregate genera. The data show that the plumose pappus state is symplesiomorphic for the group, with one transition to barbellate pappus, likely followed by a reversal to its ancestral state as the group colonized Eurasia. The data are consistent with a North African origin in the region of the Mediterranean and a single colonization event to North America. An ancestral chromosome state ofn= 17 is hypothesized for the group, and a descending dysploidy series inCarduusis hypothesized to correspond with the aridification of the Mediterranean region. TheCarduus‐Cirsiumgroup highlights the difficulty of delimiting morphologically similar, cryptic genera.
Passive load alleviation on wind turbine blades from aeroelastically driven selectively compliant morphing
Authors: Cavens Wolf D. K. , Chopra Abhishek , Arrieta Andres F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLoad alleviation control is highly desirable to reduce penalties associated with the added structural mass required to withstand rare load scenarios. This is particularly true for wind turbine designs incorporating long‐span blades. Implementation of compliance‐based morphing structures to modify the lift distribution passively has the potential to mitigate the impact of rare, but integrally threatening, loads on wind turbine blades while limiting the addition of actuation and sensing systems. We present a novel passive load alleviation concept based on a morphing flap exhibiting selective compliance from an embedded bistable element. A multifidelity, aeroelastic tool is used to study the shape adaptability of a morphing flap indicating that passive changes from high lift generation to load alleviation configurations can be achieved by exploiting the energy of the flow. This mechanism offers a method to reduce catastrophic peak loads potentially, thus offering the possibility to lower the overall structural weight of wind turbine blades.
Generic dijet soft functions at two-loop order: uncorrelated emissions
Authors: Bell Guido , Rahn Rudi , Talbert Jim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We extend our algorithm for automating the calculation of two-loop dijet soft functions to observables that do not obey the non-Abelian exponentiation theorem, i.e. to those that require an independent calculation of the uncorrelated-emission contribution. As the singularity structure of uncorrelated double emissions differs substantially from the one for correlated emissions, we introduce a novel phase-space parametrisation that isolates the corresponding divergences. The resulting integrals are implemented in SoftSERVE 1.0, which we release alongside of this work, and which we supplement by a regulator that is consistent with the rapidity renormalisation group framework. Using our automated setup, we confirm existing results for various jet-veto observables and provide a novel prediction for the soft-drop jet-grooming algorithm.
Unbiased least-squares modification of Stokes’ formula
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the KTH method for geoid determination by combining Stokes integration of gravity data in a spherical cap around the computation point and a series of spherical harmonics suffers from a bias due to truncation of the data sets, this method is based on minimizing the global mean square error (MSE) of the estimator. However, if the harmonic series is increased to a sufficiently high degree, the truncation error can be considered as negligible, and the optimization based on the local variance of the geoid estimator makes fair sense. Such unbiased types of estimators, derived in this article, have the advantage to the MSE solutions not to rely on the imperfectly known gravity signal degree variances, but only the local error covariance matrices of the observables come to play. Obviously, the geoid solution defined by the local least variance is generally superior to the solution based on the global MSE. It is also shown, at least theoretically, that the unbiased geoid solutions based on the KTH method and remove–compute–restore technique with modification of Stokes formula are the same.
Identifying normal mammograms in a large screening population using artificial intelligence
Authors: Lång Kristina , Dustler Magnus , Dahlblom Victor , Åkesson Anna , Andersson Ingvar , Zackrisson Sophia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify normal mammograms in a screening population.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 9581 double-read mammography screening exams including 68 screen-detected cancers and 187 false positives, a subcohort of the prospective population-based Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial, were analysed with a deep learning–based AI system. The AI system categorises mammograms with a cancer risk score increasing from 1 to 10. The effect on cancer detection and false positives of excluding mammograms below different AI risk thresholds from reading by radiologists was investigated. A panel of three breast radiologists assessed the radiographic appearance, type, and visibility of screen-detected cancers assigned low-risk scores (≤ 5). The reduction of normal exams, cancers, and false positives for the different thresholds was presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
If mammograms scored 1 and 2 were excluded from screen-reading, 1829 (19.1%; 95% CI 18.3–19.9) exams could be removed, including 10 (5.3%; 95% CI 2.1–8.6) false positives but no cancers. In total, 5082 (53.0%; 95% CI 52.0–54.0) exams, including 7 (10.3%; 95% CI 3.1–17.5) cancers and 52 (27.8%; 95% CI 21.4–34.2) false positives, had low-risk scores. All, except one, of the seven screen-detected cancers with low-risk scores were judged to be clearly visible.

Conclusions
The evaluated AI system can correctly identify a proportion of a screening population as cancer-free and also reduce false positives. Thus, AI has the potential to improve mammography screening efficiency.

Key Points
• Retrospective study showed that AI can identify a proportion of mammograms as normal in a screening population.
• Excluding normal exams from screening using AI can reduce false positives.