bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of the surface plasmon dispersion and Purcell effect at the metamaterial-dielectric interface
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin A. , Morozov Konstantin M. , Pozina Galia , Gubaydullin Azat R. , Girshova Elizaveta I. , Kaliteevski Mikhail A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of metamaterial as a way to mitigate the negative effects of absorption in metals on the Purcell effect in metal-dielectric structures is investigated. A layered metal-dielectric structure is considered as an anisotropic medium in the long-wavelength limit. The dispersion of the surface plasmon appearing at the boundary between such a structure and a different dielectric material, as well as the position of the peak in the local density of states are studied for various combinations of materials and filling factors of the periodic structure. The calculated frequency dependence of the Purcell factor demonstrates an increase in peak value compared to the conventional plasmonic structure. The results obtained using effective media approach are compared to the results of numerical modelling.
Competing for congestible goods: experimental evidence on parking choice
Authors: Pereda María , Ozaita Juan , Stavrakakis Ioannis , Sánchez Angel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCongestible goods describe situations in which a group of people share or use a public good that becomes congested or overexploited when demand is low. We study experimentally a congestible goods problem of relevance for parking design, namely how people choose between a convenient parking lot with few spots and a less convenient one with unlimited space. We find that the Nash equilibrium predicts reasonably well the competition for the convenient parking when it has few spots, but not when it has more availability. We then show that the Rosenthal equilibrium, a bounded-rational approach, is a better description of the experimental results accounting for the randomness in the decision process. We introduce a dynamical model that shows how Rosenthal equilibria can be approached in a few rounds of the game. Our results give insights on how to deal with parking problems such as the design of parking lots in central locations in cities and open the way to better understand similar congestible goods problems in other contexts.
Scalable method for micro-CT analysis enables large scale quantitative characterization of brain lesions and implants
Authors: Kastner David B. , Kharazia Viktor , Nevers Rhino , Smyth Clay , Astudillo-Maya Daniela A. , Williams Greer M. , Yang Zhounan , Holobetz Cristofer M. , Santina Luca Della , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Frank Loren M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnatomic evaluation is an important aspect of many studies in neuroscience; however, it often lacks information about the three-dimensional structure of the brain. Micro-CT imaging provides an excellent, nondestructive, method for the evaluation of brain structure, but current applications to neurophysiological or lesion studies require removal of the skull as well as hazardous chemicals, dehydration, or embedding, limiting their scalability and utility. Here we present a protocol using eosin in combination with bone decalcification to enhance contrast in the tissue and then employ monochromatic and propagation phase-contrast micro-CT imaging to enable the imaging of brain structure with the preservation of the surrounding skull. Instead of relying on descriptive, time-consuming, or subjective methods, we develop simple quantitative analyses to map the locations of recording electrodes and to characterize the presence and extent of hippocampal brain lesions.
New solar energy-storage resource of plasmon-activated water solution with higher chemical potential
Authors: Yang Chih-Ping , Yu Shih-Hao , Mai Fu-Der , Kuo Tai-Chih , Liu Yu-Chuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays, solar energy is the most environmentally friendly energy source to drive many chemical reactions and physical processes. However, the corresponding fabrication procedures for obtaining excellent energy-storage devices are relatively complicated and expensive. In this work, we report an innovative strategy on plasmon-activated water (PAW) serving as energy-storage medium from solar energy. The lifetime of the created energetic PAW solution from hot electron transfer (HET) on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) illuminated with sunshine can last for 2 days, making the energy-storage system is practically available. Encouragingly, the energy-conversion efficiency from the solar energy in the PAW solution is ca. 6.7%. Compared to conventional deionized (DI) water solution, the prepared metastable PAW solution exhibited distinctly higher chemical potential at room temperature. It demonstrates abilities in faster evaporation and enhancing chemical reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Our proposed strategy on the simple and cheap energy-storage system based on prepared PAW utilizing solar energy is the first time shown in the literature.
Antidermatophytic activity of some newly synthesized arylhydrazonothiazoles conjugated with monoclonal antibody
Authors: Ouf Salama A. , Gomha Sobhi M. , Eweis Mohamed , Ouf Ahmed S. , Sharawy Ihab A. A. , Alharbi Sulaiman A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new series of 5-arylhydrazonothiazole derivatives 5a–d has been synthesized, elucidated, and evaluated for their antidermatophytic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the newly synthesized products were investigated against 18 dermatophyte fungal isolates related to Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. The morphological alterations induced by the synthesized derivatives singly or conjugated with the monoclonal antibody were examined on spores of T. rubrum using a scanning electron microscope. The efficacy of synthesized derivative 5a applied at its respective MFC alone or conjugated with anti-dermatophyte monoclonal antibody 0014 in skin infection treatment of guinea pigs due to inoculation with one of the examined dermatophytes, in comparison with fluconazole as standard reference drug was evaluated. In an in vivo experiment, the efficiency of 5a derivative conjugated with the antibody induced 100% healing after 45 days in the case of T. rubrum and M. canis-infected guinea pigs.
Fractional SIR epidemiological models
Authors: Taghvaei Amirhossein , Georgiou Tryphon T. , Norton Larry , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to make a case for epidemiological models with fractional exponent in the contribution of sub-populations to the incidence rate. More specifically, we question the standard assumption in the literature on epidemiological models, where the incidence rate dictating propagation of infections is taken to be proportional to the product between the infected and susceptible sub-populations; a model that relies on strong mixing between the two groups and widespread contact between members of the groups. We contend, that contact between infected and susceptible individuals, especially during the early phases of an epidemic, takes place over a (possibly diffused) boundary between the respective sub-populations. As a result, the rate of transmission depends on the product of fractional powers instead. The intuition relies on the fact that infection grows in geographically concentrated cells, in contrast to the standard product model that relies on complete mixing of the susceptible to infected sub-populations. We validate the hypothesis of fractional exponents (1) by numerical simulation for disease propagation in graphs imposing a local structure to allowed disease transmissions and (2) by fitting the model to the JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data for the period Jan-22-20 to April-30-20, for the countries of Italy, Germany, France, and Spain.
Understanding contagion dynamics through microscopic processes in active Brownian particles
Authors: Norambuena Ariel , Valencia Felipe J. , Guzmán-Lastra Francisca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTogether with the universally recognized SIR model, several approaches have been employed to understand the contagion dynamics of interacting particles. Here, Active Brownian particles (ABP) are introduced to model the contagion dynamics of living agents that perform a horizontal transmission of an infectious disease in space and time. By performing an ensemble average description of the ABP simulations, we statistically describe susceptible, infected, and recovered groups in terms of particle densities, activity, contagious rates, and random recovery times. Our results show that ABP reproduces the time dependence observed in traditional compartmental models such as the Susceptible-Infected-Recovery (SIR) models and allows us to explore the critical densities and the contagious radius that facilitates the virus spread. Furthermore, we derive a first-principles analytical expression for the contagion rate in terms of microscopic parameters, without considering free parameters as the classical SIR-based models. This approach offers a novel alternative to incorporate microscopic processes into analyzing SIR-based models with applications in a wide range of biological systems.
Depressive symptoms and risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection: a cohort study
Authors: Cho In Young , Chang Yoosoo , Sung Eunju , Sohn Won , Kang Jae-Heon , Shin Hocheol , Ryu Seungho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe impact of depression on the risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. We examined the association between depression, HBV infection, and liver-related mortality. A total of 342,998 Korean adults who underwent health examinations were followed for up to 7.8 years. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 1,836,508 person-years of follow-up, 74 liver-related deaths and 54 liver cancer deaths were identified (liver-related mortality rate of 4.0 per 105 person-years and liver cancer mortality rate of 2.9 per 105 person-years). Subjects with depressive symptoms had an increased risk of liver-related mortality with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 2.00 (95% CI 1.10–3.63) compared to those without depressive symptoms. This association was more evident in HBsAg-positive participants with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 4.22 (95% CI 1.81–9.88) than HBsAg-negative participants (P for interaction by HBsAg positivity = 0.036). A similar pattern was observed in relation to liver cancer mortality. In this large cohort, depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of liver-related mortality, with a stronger association in HBsAg-positive individuals.
Reduced fatty acid uptake aggravates cardiac contractile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Umbarawan Yogi , Kawakami Ryo , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A. A. , Koitabashi Norimichi , Obinata Hideru , Yamaguchi Aiko , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Hishiki Takako , Hayakawa Noriyo , Sunaga Hiroaki , Matsui Hiroki , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Iso Tatsuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. Increased fatty acid (FA) uptake and deranged utilization leads to reduced cardiac efficiency and accumulation of cardiotoxic lipids, which is suggested to facilitate diabetic cardiomyopathy. We studied whether reduced FA uptake in the heart is protective against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by using mice doubly deficient in fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5 (DKO mice). Cardiac contractile dysfunction was aggravated 8 weeks after STZ treatment in DKO mice. Although compensatory glucose uptake was not reduced in DKO-STZ hearts, total energy supply, estimated by the pool size in the TCA cycle, was significantly reduced. Tracer analysis with 13C6-glucose revealed that accelerated glycolysis in DKO hearts was strongly suppressed by STZ treatment. Levels of ceramides, cardiotoxic lipids, were similarly elevated by STZ treatment. These findings suggest that a reduction in total energy supply by reduced FA uptake and suppressed glycolysis could account for exacerbated contractile dysfunction in DKO-STZ hearts. Thus, enhanced FA uptake in diabetic hearts seems to be a compensatory response to reduced energy supply from glucose, and therefore, limited FA use could be detrimental to cardiac contractile dysfunction due to energy insufficiency.
Silver microsphere doping porous-carbon inspired shape-stable phase change material with excellent thermal properties: preparation, optimization, and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Chen Yan , Nie Zeguang , Chen Zhengshou , Gao Junkai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, silver microspheres (SMS) were introduced into cotton stalk porous-carbon (CSP) to prepare silver microsphere doping porous-carbon (SMS-CSP), and then SMS-CSP was used as the matrix of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to synthesize shape-stable phase change material of PEG/SMS-CSP. It was found that the introduction of SMS into CSP could not only greatly improve the loading capacity of the porous-carbon for PEG, but also could increase the thermal conductivity of PEG/SMS-CSP. Additionally, the method of introducing SMS into porous-carbon had the advantages of environmental protection and simple operation. Moreover, the raw material of cotton stalk is a kind of agricultural waste, which has the merits of wide source, low price and easy to obtain. Furthermore, in the preparation of cotton stalk porous-carbon, with the increase of pyrolysis temperature the thermal conductivity of PEG/SMS-CSP could be enhanced significantly. The mechanism about the enhancement of thermal conductivity was clarified, which could provide more basic theory for the study about the thermal conductivity of shape-stable phase change materials (ss-PCMs) based on porous-carbon.
Human volunteer study of the decontamination of chemically contaminated hair and the consequences for systemic exposure
Authors: Collins Samuel , James Thomas , Southworth Felicity , Davidson Louise , Williams Natalie , Orchard Emily , Marczylo Tim , Amlôt Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe decontamination of exposed persons is a priority following the release of toxic chemicals. Efficacious decontamination reduces the risk of harm to those directly affected and prevents the uncontrolled spread of contamination. Human studies examining the effectiveness of emergency decontamination procedures have primarily focused on decontaminating skin, with few examining the decontamination of hair and scalp. We report the outcome of two studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of current United Kingdom (UK) improvised, interim and specialist mass casualty decontamination protocols when conducted in sequence. Decontamination efficacy was evaluated using two chemical simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) and benzyl salicylate (BeS) applied to and recovered from the hair of volunteers. Twenty-four-hour urinary MeS and BeS were measured as a surrogate for systemic bioavailability. Current UK decontamination methods performed in sequence were partially effective at removing MeS and BeS from hair and underlying scalp. BeS and MeS levels in urine indicated that decontamination had no significant effect on systemic exposure raising important considerations with respect to the speed of decontamination. The decontamination of hair may therefore be challenging for first responders, requiring careful management of exposed persons following decontamination. Further work to extend these studies is required with a broader range of chemical simulants, a larger group of volunteers and at different intervention times.
Reaktive Arthritis – eine vergessene Erkrankung?
Authors: Märker-Hermann Elisabeth 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie und Pathogenese Campylobacter jejuni/enteritidis ist in Westeuropa zu einem der häufigsten Erreger der ReA geworden. Auch nach mit Reisediarrhö assoziierten Escherischia-coli-Infektionen (DEC-Infektionen) können Arthralgien und milde ReA auftreten. HLA-B27 spielt eine Rolle bei der Erregerinvasion und -persistenz in Zellen der Mukosa und als antigenpräsentierendes Molekül. Neu sind Erkenntnisse, dass durch Auslösung einer Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) als Folge einer Fehlfaltung des HLA-B27-Moleküls eine proinflammatorische Stressantwort ausgelöst werden kann und dass enterobakterielle Infektionen diese Reaktion des angeborenen Immunsystems auslösen oder verstärken.
Diagnostik Die Diagnostik beruht nicht auf einzelnen Parametern, sondern auf einer Kombination von klinischen, anamnestischen und serologischen bzw. PCR-basierten Faktoren.
Therapie Antibiotika werden nur zur Therapie einer noch bestehenden Chlamydophilia-trachomatis-Infektion an der Eintrittspforte (urogenital) eingesetzt, nicht aber zur Therapie der posturethritischen oder postenteritischen ReA. Bei therapierefraktären chronischen Verläufen können Biologika (TNF-Inhibitoren) entsprechend ihrer Zulassung bei Spondyloarthritiden eingesetzt werden.
Therapie mit 177Lu-PSMA: Stand der Dinge
Authors: Essler Markus 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
177Lu-PSMA Radiopharmaka wurden in den letzten Jahren als fester Bestandteil der Behandlung des kastraktionsresistenten, metastasierten, progredienten Prostatakarzinoms etabliert. Zahlreiche deutsche Institutionen hatten hieran maßgeblichen Anteil. Eine retrospektive deutsche Multicenter Studie zeigte, dass die 177Lu-PSMA-Therapie effektiv und sicher ist. Zwar fand die 177Lu-PSMA-Therapie Eingang in die S3 Leitlinie zur Behandlung des Prostatakarzinoms, soll jedoch in der letzten Linie nach Ausschöpfen der empfohlenen Therapieoptionen erfolgen. Da keine zugelassenen 177Lu-PSMA Radiopharmaka verfügbar sind, ist die Behandlung nur in Ausübung der ärztlichen Heilkunde gemäß § 13 2b des Arzneimittelgesetztes möglich. Derzeit laufen mehrere teils globale prospektive, randomisierte Studien, die bei positivem Ergebnis eine Zulassung ermöglichen werden. Es wird 177Lu-PSMA Monotherapie im Vergleich zu „best supportive care“ (Vision Studie) und im Vergleich zu Carbazitaxel (TheraP Studie) getestet. Zudem werden Kombinationstherapien mit Pembrolizumab (PRINCE Studie) oder Olaparib (LuPARP Studie) in Phase I/II Studien geprüft. Vom Ausgang dieser Studien wird die zukünftige Rolle des 177Lu-PSMA abhängen.
Diagnostics of BLDC motor winding based on a model approach in the state space
Authors: Nikitin Yury 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo diagnose a brushless direct current motor, its nonlinear discrete control model is developed in a rotating coordinate system in the state space. The problem of determining the identifiability of this model with different values of the resistance of the motor winding and at different load moments has been solved. This model of controlling a brushless direct current motor can be used to build real-time diagnostic systems.
Impact of computed tomography window settings on clinical T classifications and prognostic evaluation of patients with subsolid nodules
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Deng Jiajun , Wang Tingting , Li Yingze , Wu Junqi , Zhong Yifang , Sun Xiwen , Jiang Gening , She Yunlang , Zhu Yuming , Xie Dong , Chen Chang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the impact of lung window (LW) and mediastinal window (MW) settings on the clinical T classifications and prognostic prediction of patients with subsolid nodules.

METHODS
Seven hundred and nineteen surgically resected subsolid nodules were reviewed, grouping into pure ground-glass nodules (n = 179) or part-solid nodules (n = 540) using LW. Interobserver agreement on nodule classifications was assessed via kappa-value, and predictive performance of the solid portion measurement in LW and MW for pathological invasiveness and malignancy were compared using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Cox regression was used to identify prognostic factors. Prognostic significance of T classifications based on LW (c[l]T) and MW (c[m]T) was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier method after propensity score matching. The performance of c(m)T for discrimination survival was estimated via the concordance index (C-index), net reclassification improvement and integrated-discrimination improvement.

RESULTS
By adopting MW, 124 part-solid nodules were reclassified as pure ground-glass nodules, and interobserver agreement improved to 0.917 (95% confidence interval 0.888–0.946). The solid portion size under MW more strongly predicted pathological invasiveness (P = 0.030), but did not better predict pathological malignancy. For remaining 416 part-solid nodules, c(l)T and c(m)T were both independent risk factors. c(m)T led to T classifications shifts in 321 nodules (14 upstaged and 307 downstaged) with no significant prognostic difference existing between the shifted c(m)T and matching c(l)T group after propensity score matching. The corrected C-index was improved to 0.695 (0.620–1.000) when adopting c(m)T with no significant difference in net reclassification improvement (P = 0.098) and integrated-discrimination improvement (P = 0.13) analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
As there is no significant benefit provided by MW in evaluating clinical T classification and prognosis, the current usage of LW is appropriate for assessing subsolid nodules.
Artificial intelligence and challenges for copyright law
Authors: Kariyawasam Kanchana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The question of who should own the copyright of a creative work by an artificial intelligence (Al) is as yet largely unanswered. Due to the author’s increased distance from the works being created, the granting of copyright protection to AI has not been forthcoming. This article assesses the prevalence of AI- and computer-generated works in which, beyond the initial input, the works produced involve more artificial than human contribution, and the impact this has on authorship. While the main geographical focus of this article is Australia, it makes comparisons with the UK and New Zealand (NZ) to explore how Australian copyright law can be adapted to incorporate positive aspects of UK and NZ law. This article explains how the statutory provisions in both the UK and NZ are undeniably far-sighted in the modern world, in which computer-generated programmes are increasingly used. This article argues that the case-by-case basis is most suitable when deciding the human entity who is the fortunate receiver of copyright protection in works that are essentially made by an advanced non-human entity.
Characterizing Peano and Symmetric Derivatives and the GGR Conjecture’s Solution
Authors: Ash J Marshall , Catoiu Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We provide three characterizations of the $n$th symmetric (Peano) derivative $f_{(n)}^{s}(x)$ in terms of symmetric generalized Riemann derivatives of a function $f$ at $x$ and a characterization of the $n$th Peano derivative $f_{(n)}(x)$ in terms of generalized Riemann derivatives of $f$ at $x$. The latter has been a conjecture by Ginchev, Guerragio, and Rocca since 1998.