bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strip‐grazing: Reduces pony dry matter intakes and changes in bodyweight and morphometrics
Authors: Longland Annette C. , Barfoot Clare , Harris Patricia A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity can negatively impact upon equine welfare and bodyweight (BW) of pastured equines is often difficult to manage.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of three restricted grazing regimens on changes in pony BW and morphometric measurements.Study designRandomised study.MethodsTwelve mature ponies were individually grazed in 10m wide, rectangular, electric fenced paddocks. The dry matter (DM) herbage yield of each paddock was determined, and paddock length adjusted on Day 1 to provide 1.5% of individual pony BW as herbage DM daily, for 28 days. There were four ponies per treatment. Treatments were: total paddock area (TA) and strip grazing treatments, SG1 and SG2. SG1 had a ‘lead’ fence spanning the paddock width being moved a set distance along the paddock length daily to provide 1.5% of pony BW as fresh pasture DM (as determined on Day ‐1). SG2 also had a ‘back fence’ 7–12m behind the ‘lead’ fence which was moved the same distance as the lead fence daily. Calculated dry matter intakes, changes in cresty neck score (CNS), body condition score (BCS) and percentage changes in BW, heart girth (HG), belly girth (BG) and rump width (RW) were compared between treatments.ResultsMean (±SD) calculated pasture DM intakes (as % BW/d) by TA ponies were 2.33 ± 0.50, being significantly higher (P < 0.05) than 1.82 ± 0.43 (SG1) and 1.59 ± 0.42 (SG2). Mean percentage BW changes were higher (P < 0.05) for TA ponies at 4.82 ± 1.36 vs. 1.16 ± 0.39 (SG1) and 1.54 ± 1.35 (SG2). SG1 and SG2 pony BW changes were not significantly different. TA, but not SG1 or SG2 animals showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in BCS1/9 (+0.94 ± 0.32), CNS1/5 (+0.5 ± 0), RW (+2.11 ± 3.6) and BG (+4.15 ± 2.29). SG1 and SG2 ponies showed significant (P < 0.05) decreases in HG (−0.05 ± 2.12) and BG (−5.53 ± 4.89) respectively.Main limitationsSmall sample size.ConclusionsStrip grazing limited pony bodyweight gains and upward changes in morphometric parameters.
High‐Resolution Integrated Transport Model for Studying Surface Water–Groundwater Interaction
Authors: Broecker Tabea , Sobhi Gollo Vahid , Fox Aryeh , Lewandowski Jörg , Nützmann Gunnar , Arnon Shai , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransport processes that lead to exchange of mass between surface water and groundwater play a significant role for the ecological functioning of aquatic systems, for hydrological processes and for biogeochemical transformations. In this study, we present a novel integral modeling approach for flow and transport at the sediment–water interface. The model allows us to simultaneously simulate turbulent surface and subsurface flow and transport with the same conceptual approach. For this purpose, a conservative transport equation was implemented to an existing approach that uses an extended version of the Navier–Stokes equations. Based on previous flume studies which investigated the spreading of a dye tracer under neutral, losing and gaining flow conditions the new solver is validated. Tracer distributions of the experiments are in close agreement with the simulations. The simulated flow paths are significantly affected by in‐ and outflowing groundwater flow. The highest velocities within the sediment are found for losing condition, which leads to shorter residence times compared to neutral and gaining conditions. The largest extent of the hyporheic exchange flow is observed under neutral condition. The new solver can be used for further examinations of cases that are not suitable for the conventional coupled models, for example, if Reynolds numbers are larger than 10. Moreover, results gained with the integral solver provide high‐resolution information on pressure and velocity distributions at the rippled streambed, which can be used to improve flow predictions. This includes the extent of hyporheic exchange under varying ambient groundwater flow conditions.
Effect of B2O3 on the structural and in vitro biological assessment of mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres
Authors: Bai Nuonan , Chen Weirong , Luo Lijin , Tong Wei , Wen Cuilian , Zhan Xuan , Sa Baisheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the boron‐containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) nanospheres have been successfully synthesized by modified sol‐gel method assisted by surfactant, and the effect of boron substitution on structure and bioactivity was evaluated by combining experiments and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. All of the samples exhibit regularly uniform mesoporous spherical microstructure with an average size of about 60 nm, and the boron‐containing MBGs show higher specific surface area with the value up to 416.20 m2/g. The simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test confirms that the deposited hydroxyapatite (HA) evidently increases with the increasing of boron content, indicating that the biological behavior has been significantly improved resulting from incorporation of boron. Additionally, our results also reveal that B2O3 substitution has positive impact on cell proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) at lower extracted concentration. Furthermore, AIMD simulation is employed to understand the relationship between structural changes and in vitro bioactivity in terms of structural information, especially the boron coordination number. The results illustrate that the boron‐containing MBG nanospheres with excellent bioactivity are great potential for biomedical applications.
KLF4 down‐regulation resulting from TLR4 promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation underpins inflammatory response in sepsis
Authors: Li Chunwen , Yu Lei , Mai Chao , Mu Tianyi , Zeng Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to invading pathogens, leading to high mortality rates in intensive care units worldwide. Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) is an important anti‐inflammatory transcription factor. In this study, we investigate the anti‐inflammatory role of KLF4 in caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced septic mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells and its potential mechanism. We found that KLF4 was down‐regulated in CLP‐induced septic mice and in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, and that its overexpression led to increased survival rates of septic mice along with inhibited inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. ITGA2B was up‐regulated in the setting of sepsis and was inhibited by KLF4 overexpression. ITGA2B knock‐down mimicked the effects of KLF4 overexpression on septic mice and LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. TLR4 promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and then up‐regulated the ubiquitination and the degradation of KLF4, thereby elevating the expression of ITGA2B. Moreover, TLR4 knock‐down or treatment with PD98059 (a MEK inhibitor) inhibited inflammatory response in the setting of sepsis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, this effect of PD98059 treatment was lost upon KLF4 knock‐down. Collectively, these results explain the down‐regulation of KLF4 in sepsis, namely via TLR4 promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and identify ITGA2B as the downstream gene of KLF4, thus highlighting the anti‐inflammatory role of KLF4 in sepsis.
The Limits of Traditional Bargaining under Deep Integration: TTIP Stumbling over Technical Barriers to Trade
Authors: Bürbaumer Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRemoving so‐called technical barriers to trade is a critical aspect of contemporary deep integration trade agreements. Yet, these barriers – standards, regulations, conformity assessment procedures – form a set of institutional complementarities, named technical infrastructure, which performs a central role for the functioning of integrated markets. Drawing on evidence from the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) the paper illustrates that this contradiction reduced the negotiators' bargaining leeway. Changing a technical infrastructure comes at the risk of undermining its effectiveness. Therefore, each party could only offer an unacceptable compromise: Transforming the other's technical infrastructure towards one's own technical infrastructure.
SLPI in periodontal Ligament is not sleepy during biophysical force‐induced tooth movement
Authors: Lee Su‐Young , Moon Jung‐Sun , Yang Dong‐Wook , Yoo Hong‐Il , Jung Ji‐Yeon , Kim Ok‐Su , Kim Min‐Seok , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Chung Hyun‐Ju , Kim Sun‐Hun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify a key molecule that maintains periodontal tissue homeostasis during biophysical force‐induced tooth movement (BTM) by orchestrating alveolar bone (AB) remodelling.Materials and MethodsDifferential display‐PCR was performed to identify key molecules for BTM in rats. To investigate the localization and expression of the identified molecules, immunofluorescence, real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting were performed in rats and human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Functional test and micro‐CT analysis were performed to examine the in vivo effects of the identified molecules on BTM.ResultsSecretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) in the PDL was revealed as a key molecule for BTM‐induced AB remodelling. SLPI was enhanced in the PDL under both compression and tension, and downregulated by an adenyl cyclases inhibitor. SLPI induced osteoblastogenic genes including runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and synergistically augmented tension‐induced Runx2 expression. SLPI augmented mineralization in PDL cells. SLPI induced osteoclastogenic genes including receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL) and synergistically augmented the compression‐induced RANKL and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (MCSF) expression. Finally, the in vivo SLPI application into the AB significantly augmented BTM.ConclusionsSLPI or its inhibitors might serve as a biological target molecule for therapeutic interventions to modulate BTM.
WHITE URBAN IMMERSION, INTERSUBJECTIVITY, AND AN ETHICS OF CARE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Schneider Rachel C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe past decades have seen a rise in religious and secular responses to inequality that seek to offer those who are relatively wealthy an opportunity to personally engage with impoverished people and places. This article examines three cases of elite white South Africans who intentionally immersed themselves in poor urban environments. In dialogue with the anthropology of ethics, I argue that immersion was seen as an experimental tool for transforming the self and cultivating virtues of empathy and responsibility towards others. In this way, immersion acted as a technology of the self, linking care of the self to care of others. Yet such experimentation was not without risk. Though imagined as a tool that could promote care of the self and care of others, immersion carries with it the potential to reinforce power divides and/or solicit negative moral judgment.
Tree death and damage: A standardized protocol for frequent surveys in tropical forests
Authors: Arellano Gabriel , Zuleta Daniel , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTree mortality drives changes in forest structure and dynamics, community composition, and carbon and nutrient cycles. Since tropical forests store a large fraction of terrestrial biomass and tree diversity, improved understanding of changing tree mortality and biomass loss rates is critical. Tropical tree mortality rates have been challenging to estimate due to low background rates of tree death, and high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Furthermore, the causes of mortality remain unclear because many factors may be involved in individual tree death, and the rapid decomposition of wood in the tropics obscures evidence of possible causes of tree mortality. We present a field protocol to assess tree mortality in tropical forests. The protocol focuses on the rapid, repeatable and inexpensive assessment of individual tree death and damage. The protocol has been successfully tested with annual assessments of >62,000 stems in total in several ForestGEO plots in Asia and the Neotropics. Standardized methods for the assessment of tree death and biomass loss will advance understanding of the underlying causes and consequences of tree mortality.
An unusual porous, cryptocrystalline forsterite chondrule in Murchison
Authors: Zolensky Michael , Nakamura Tomoki , Martinez James , Enokido Yuma 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe a fragmented cryptocrystalline chondrule consisting solely of forsterite (Fo98) in the Murchison CM2 chondrite, with a peculiar porous texture of enigmatic origin.
Performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in Japanese patients with bipolar and major depressive disorders in euthymic and depressed states
Authors: Matsuo Junko , Hori Hiroaki , Ishida Ikki , Hiraishi Moeko , Ota Miho , Hidese Shinsuke , Yomogida Yukihito , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AimThis study aimed to examine the cognitive performance of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) stratified by illness phase compared to that of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls.MethodsParticipants were 139 patients with BD (55 euthymic and 84 depressed), 311 patients with MDD (88 euthymic and 223 depressed), and 386 healthy controls who underwent the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised or the Third Edition. They were non‐elderly Japanese individuals with normal estimated premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ; >90), group‐matched for age, sex, and premorbid IQ.ResultsThe depressed BD group showed significantly lower scores on verbal IQ, performance IQ, full‐scale IQ, and three group indexes of perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed when compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.001). All IQs and working memory index were also significantly lower than those of the depressed MDD group. The depressed MDD group scored significantly lower than controls in performance IQ (P < 0.001), full‐scale IQ, and only in the index of processing speed (P < 0.001). The euthymic BD group scored significantly lower than controls in performance IQ (P = 0.004), whereas the euthymic MDD group scored significantly lower than controls only in processing speed (P = 0.030).ConclusionPatients with BD appear to have global and more intense cognitive impairments in depressed states compared with those with MDD whose impairments seem to be apparent only in processing speed in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Attenuated impairments appear to exist in euthymic states of both patients.
A person‐centered view of impression management, inauthenticity, and employee behavior
Authors: Chawla Nitya , Gabriel Allison S. , Rosen Christopher C. , Evans Jonathan B. , Koopman Joel , Hochwarter Wayne A. , Palmer Joshua C. , Jordan Samantha L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpression management (IM)—the strategies through which employees create, maintain, or alter a desired image towards others—is a ubiquitous part of organizational life. To date, scholars studying this interpersonal phenomenon have largely focused on Jones and Pittman's (1982) taxonomy of IM strategies, examining consequences associated with the tactics of ingratiation, self‐promotion, exemplification, supplication, and intimidation on others’ reactions to, and perceptions of, the actor. Thus, scholarly understanding surrounding the implications of IM for employees’ own well‐being is nascent. We integrate ideas from the emotional labor and IM literatures to develop and test theory that explains the impact of IM strategies on the actors themselves. Across three complementary studies spanning 2337 full‐time employees, we use latent profile analysis to investigate how the conjoint use of multiple IM tactics—each of which is associated with a distinct, and sometimes conflicting, image—yields unique consequences for employees’ feelings of inauthenticity at work. In addition, we also explore how profiles of IM tactics differentially relate to theoretically relevant work outcomes, namely coworker ratings of employee performance, work withdrawal, absenteeism, and perceived sincerity. Taken together, our work sheds light on the prevalence and impact of employees combining IM tactics during work interactions.
Sequential infection of Epstein‐Barr virus and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation in a child with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Zhang Na , Chen Kai , Zhu Jia‐Shi , Li Hong , Shao Jing‐Bo , Jiang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDual infection with two pathogens can be found in few cases of encephalitis. Cases of sequential infection with EBV and cryptococcal encephalitis in post‐transplant patients are rare. We describe a 5‐year‐old boy with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy who presented sequential infection with EBV and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplant. The patient showed fever, vomiting and emotional agitation with EBV DNA detected in CSF on day 100. The child underwent 3 doses of intravenous rituximab with a good response. However, the child presented with right facial paralysis, headache, and fever on day 130 after 2 weeks of clinical stability. Brain MRI demonstrated chronic granuloma formed with ring enhancement. FilmArray ME PCR confirmed the existence of Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii in the CSF. The child underwent sequential treatment with amphotericin liposome B and flucytosine. Maintenance treatment with fluconazole was administered for 1 year. Facial paralysis was on longer present on day 260. Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii was not detected on day 310. The biochemistry and cell count of the CSF were completely normal on day 520. Follow‐up 2.5 years after presentation, brain MRI changes showed near complete resolution of the lesions. The child survived for 3 years to the last following‐up. Invasive cryptococcal encephalitis is rare and life‐threatening complication of transplantation. It is important to recognize dual infections, and perform treatment quickly to improve the prognosis of encephalitis after transplantation.
Fatigue after heart transplantation – a possible barrier to self‐efficacy
Authors: Almgren Matilda , Lundqvist Pia , Lennerling Annette , Forsberg Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationaleRecovery after heart transplantation is challenging and many heart recipients struggle with various transplant‐related symptoms, side‐effects of immunosuppressive medications and mental challenges. Fatigue has been reported to be one of the most common and distressing symptoms after heart transplantation and might therefore constitute a barrier to self‐efficacy, which acts as a moderator of self‐management.AimTo explore the prevalence of fatigue and its relationship to self‐efficacy among heart recipients 1–5 years after transplantation.Research methodAn explorative cross‐sectional design, including 79 heart recipients due for follow‐up 1–5 years after transplantation. Three different self‐assessment instruments were employed; The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐19, Self‐efficacy for managing chronic disease 6‐Item Scale and The Postoperative Recovery Profile.Ethical approvalThe study was approved by the Regional Ethics Board of Lund (Dnr. 2014/670‐14/10) with supplementary approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2019‐02769).ResultsThe reported levels of fatigue for the whole group were moderate in all dimensions of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐19, with highest ratings in the General Fatigue sub‐scale. Those most fatigued were the groups younger than 50 years; pretransplant treatment with Mechanical Circulatory Support; not recovered or had not returned to work. Self‐efficacy was associated with the sub‐dimensions Mental Fatigue (ρ = −0·.649) and Reduced Motivation (ρ = −0·617), which explained 40·1% of the variance when controlled for age and gender.Study limitationsThe small sample size constitutes a limitation.ConclusionsThe moderate levels of fatigue reported indicate that it is not a widespread problem. However, for those suffering from severe fatigue it is a troublesome symptom that affects the recovery process and their ability to return to work. Efforts should be made to identify those troubled by fatigue to enable sufficient self‐management support.
Ex vivo comparison of ultrasonographic intestinal wall layering with histology in horses: A feasibilty study
Authors: Bevevino Kari E. , Edwards John F. , Cohen Noah D. , de Solis Cristobal Navas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUltrasonography is increasingly being used as a clinical and research method for evaluating the gastrointestinal tract in horses, however published studies comparing ultrasonographic and histologic characteristics of equine intestinal wall layers are currently lacking. Objectives of this prospective, observational, methods comparison, case series study were to compare the layering pattern and thickness of the intestinal wall layers determined usingex vivoandin vivoultrasonography with those determined using histology. For theex vivostudy, twelve horses were euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal disease, and samples of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, right dorsal colon, and small colon were collected and imaged sonographicallyex vivoin an isotonic bath within 1 hour of euthanasia. For thein vivostudy, ultrasonography was performed in four clinical cases, and findings were compared with histopathology. A 5‐layer pattern of alternating echogenicity was observed in 70 of 72ex vivosamples. Agreement between histologic and sonographic measurements was deemed good for all segments except the ileum. Formalin fixation did not alter the sonographic appearance or wall measurements. Findings from the four clinical cases illustrated the feasibility of also obtaining ultrasonographic images with sufficient sonographic detailin vivoto recognize wall layering and obtain comparable results to pathologic lesions. Findings from the current study can serve as background for future studies comparing ultrasonographic characteristics of the intestinal wall in horses with different gastrointestinal diseases.
Investigation of Unsteady Premixed Micro/Macro Counterflow Flames for Lean to Rich Methane/Air Mixture
Authors: Edalati-nejad Ali , Fanaee Sayyed Aboozar , Ghodrat Maryam , Khadem Javad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the current work, an unsteady analysis of methane/air premixed counterflow flame is carried out for different flame conditions and stability parameters considering different strain rate values. The results are presented at unsteady and final steady conditions, and the impact of time-dependent regimes and variations in equivalence ratio, from lean flame to rich one, are analyzed. The governing equations including continuity, momentum, energy, and species are numerically solved with a coupled simple and Piso algorithm. It is also found that when the strain rate value is 1000 s−1, for flame stability, the hydraulic distance of the microchannel must be at least 0.05 mm. Increasing the strain rate results in decreasing the time of stabilizing temperature distribution with a faster quasi-steady equilibrium. The necessity of time-dependent analysis is to comprehend the variations in the main factors of flame structure before reaching the finalized steady-state condition. Therefore, by designing an intermittent automatic valve, if the flow stops in time period of 0.0025 s and starts again, the formation of NO2 and CO2 will be reduced about 50% and 9%, respectively, in a case with a = 100 s−1.