bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Aspirin in High-Risk Individuals With Screen-Detected Subsolid Lung Nodules: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Bonanni Bernardo , Serrano Davide , Maisonneuve Patrick , Veronesi Giulia , Johansson Harriet , Aristarco Valentina , Varricchio Clara , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Lazzeroni Matteo , Rampinelli Cristiano , Bellomi Massimo , Vecchi Manuela , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Vornik Lana , Brown Powel H , Beavers Therese , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Szabo Eva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer screening by helical low-dose computed tomography detects nonsolid nodules that may be lung adenocarcinoma precursors. Aspirin’s anti-inflammatory properties make it an attractive target for prevention of multiple cancers, including lung cancer. Therefore, we conducted a phase IIb trial (NCT02169271) to study the efficacy of low-dose aspirin to reduce the size of subsolid lung nodules (SSNs). A total of 98 current or former smokers (67.3% current) undergoing annual low-dose computed tomography screening with persistent SSNs were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 100 mg/day or placebo for 1 year. There was no difference in change in the sum of the longest diameters of target nodules in the placebo and aspirin arm after 12 months of treatment (-0.12 mm [SD = 1.55 mm] and +0.30 mm [SD= 2.54 mm], respectively; 2-sided P = .33 primary endpoint). There were no changes observed in subgroup analyses by individual characteristics or nodule type. One year of low-dose aspirin did not show any effect on lung SSNs. SSNs regression may not be the proper target for aspirin, and/or longer duration may be needed to see SSNs modifications.
Online psychosocial group intervention for parents: Positive effects on anxiety and depression
Authors: Douma Miriam , Maurice-Stam Heleen , Gorter Bianca , Krol Yvette , Verkleij Marieke , Wiltink Lianne , Scholten Linde , Grootenhuis Martha A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of an online psychosocial group intervention for parents of children with a chronic illness, in terms of anxiety and depression, and disease-related coping skills.MethodsParents (N = 73) participated in a parallel multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention group to a waitlist control group. In the group intervention Op Koers Online (English: On Track Online) parents learned how to use adaptive coping strategies taught with cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy techniques. Assessments (online questionnaires) took place at baseline (T0), 6-months (T1), and 12-months (T2) follow-up. Mixed-model analyses were performed to test the difference in change in outcomes between intervention (N = 34) and waitlist control group (N = 33).ResultsWhen compared with the waitlist control group, the intervention had a significant positive effect (p &lt; .05) on changes in anxiety, depression, and total score T1 versus T0 (β = −.47 to −.51) and T2 versus T0 (β = −.39 to −.46), the coping skills open communication, relaxation, social support, acceptance, predictive control (β = .42–.88) and helplessness (β = −.47) T1 versus T0 and relaxation and positive thinking T2 versus T0 (β = .42–.53).ConclusionsParental anxiety and depression decreased, and use of adaptive coping skills improved after the intervention. The online character, the focus on parents themselves instead of on their child and the possibility for parents of children with rare illnesses to participate, are innovative and unique aspects of Op Koers Online for parents. The next step is to implement the intervention in clinical practice.
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Caused by Maternal Autoantibody with Mimicking Anti-E Specificity
Authors: Chen Xueni , Feng Jing , Jiang Yongmei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
There are few reports of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by maternal autoantibodies.

Methods
We describe the case of a pregnant patient aged 26 years with systemic lupus erythematosus without any transfusion history who developed autoantibody with mimicking anti-E specificity. Her newborn developed HDFN caused by the maternal autoantibody.

Results
The clinical symptoms of the newborn were not serious. After bilirubin light phototherapy and other symptomatic supportive treatment, the baby was discharged with a good prognosis.

Conclusion
This is the first reported case of HDFN caused by maternal autoantibody with mimicking anti-E specificity. However, the real antigenic target of the autoantibody was not clear.
Dark matter simulations with primordial black holes in the early Universe
Authors: Tkachev Maxim V , Pilipenko Sergey V , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPrimordial black holes (PBH) with masses of order $10\!-\!30 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ have been proposed as a possible explanation of the gravitational waves emission events recently discovered by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). If true, then PBHs would constitute a sizeable fraction of the dark matter component in the Universe. Using a series of cosmological N-body simulations that include both dark matter and a variable fraction of PBHs ranging from fPBH = 10−4 to fPBH = 1, we analyse the processes of formation and disruption of gravitationally bound PBH pairs, as well as the merging of both bound and unbound pairs, and estimate the probabilities of such events. We show that they are in good agreement with the constrains to the PBH abundance obtained by the LIGO and other research groups. We find that pair stability, while being a main factor responsible for the merger rate, is significantly affected by the effects of dark matter halo formation and clustering. As a side result, we also evaluate the effects of numerical errors in the stability of bound pairs, which can be useful for future research using this methodology.
Ancient DNA Suggests Single Colonization and Within-Archipelago Diversification of Caribbean Caviomorph Rodents
Authors: Woods Roseina , Barnes Ian , Brace Selina , Turvey Samuel T 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReconstructing the evolutionary history of island biotas is complicated by unusual morphological evolution in insular environments. However, past human-caused extinctions limit the use of molecular analyses to determine origins and affinities of enigmatic island taxa. The Caribbean formerly contained a morphologically diverse assemblage of caviomorph rodents (33 species in 19 genera), ranging from ∼0.1 to 200 kg and traditionally classified into three higher-order taxa (Capromyidae/Capromyinae, Heteropsomyinae, and Heptaxodontidae). Few species survive today, and the evolutionary affinities of living and extinct Caribbean caviomorphs to each other and to mainland taxa are unclear: Are they monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic? We use ancient DNA techniques to present the first genetic data for extinct heteropsomyines and heptaxodontids, as well as for several extinct capromyids, and demonstrate through analysis of mitogenomic and nuclear data sets that all sampled Caribbean caviomorphs represent a well-supported monophyletic group. The remarkable morphological and ecological variation observed across living and extinct caviomorphs from Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and other islands was generated through within-archipelago evolutionary radiation following a single Early Miocene overwater colonization. This evolutionary pattern contrasts with the origination of diversity in many other Caribbean groups. All living and extinct Caribbean caviomorphs comprise a single biologically remarkable subfamily (Capromyinae) within the morphologically conservative living Neotropical family Echimyidae. Caribbean caviomorphs represent an important new example of insular mammalian adaptive radiation, where taxa retaining “ancestral-type” characteristics coexisted alongside taxa occupying novel island niches. Diversification was associated with the greatest insular body mass increase recorded in rodents and possibly the greatest for any mammal lineage.
GIMICA: host genetic and immune factors shaping human microbiota
Authors: Tang Jing , Wu Xianglu , Mou Minjie , Wang Chuan , Wang Lidan , Li Fengcheng , Guo Maiyuan , Yin Jiayi , Xie Wenqin , Wang Xiaona , Wang Yingxiong , Ding Yubin , Xue Weiwei , Zhu Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Besides the environmental factors having tremendous impacts on the composition of microbial community, the host factors have recently gained extensive attentions on their roles in shaping human microbiota. There are two major types of host factors: host genetic factors (HGFs) and host immune factors (HIFs). These factors of each type are essential for defining the chemical and physical landscapes inhabited by microbiota, and the collective consideration of both types have great implication to serve comprehensive health management. However, no database was available to provide the comprehensive factors of both types. Herein, a database entitled ‘Host Genetic and Immune Factors Shaping Human Microbiota (GIMICA)’ was constructed. Based on the 4257 microbes confirmed to inhabit nine sites of human body, 2851 HGFs (1368 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 186 copy number variations (CNVs), and 1297 non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs)) modulating the expression of 370 microbes were collected, and 549 HIFs (126 lymphocytes and phagocytes, 387 immune proteins, and 36 immune pathways) regulating the abundance of 455 microbes were also provided. All in all, GIMICA enabled the collective consideration not only between different types of host factor but also between the host and environmental ones, which is freely accessible without login requirement at: https://idrblab.org/gimica/
LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature
Authors: Chen Qingyu , Allot Alexis , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of the current pandemic in 2020, there has been a rapid growth of published articles on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with about 10 000 new articles added each month. This is causing an increasingly serious information overload, making it difficult for scientists, healthcare professionals and the general public to remain up to date on the latest SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research. Hence, we developed LitCovid (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/), a curated literature hub, to track up-to-date scientific information in PubMed. LitCovid is updated daily with newly identified relevant articles organized into curated categories. To support manual curation, advanced machine-learning and deep-learning algorithms have been developed, evaluated and integrated into the curation workflow. To the best of our knowledge, LitCovid is the first-of-its-kind COVID-19-specific literature resource, with all of its collected articles and curated data freely available. Since its release, LitCovid has been widely used, with millions of accesses by users worldwide for various information needs, such as evidence synthesis, drug discovery and text and data mining, among others.
La Franja d’Aragó and Sigena: Ecclesiastical Property Disputes in Spain
Authors: Zambrana-Tévar Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The disputes of La Franja and Sigena oppose various ecclesiastical entities as well as several Spanish regional authorities, span several centuries, and concern ecclesiastical goods of enormous cultural value. The dispute has led to numerous rulings by ecclesiastical courts and Spanish courts, including civil courts, administrative courts, and the Constitutional Court. The different proceedings are a good example of the interaction between canon law norms and state law norms, as well as of the relevance of ecclesiastical court rulings within a state legal system. The dispute also shows the sensitivity with which cultural property disputes must be dealt with for religious as well as for political reasons and why it is not wise to let internal disputes within a religious group be handled by secular authorities.
The Middle East and Peaceful Change
Authors: Kacowicz Arie M. , Press-Barnathan Galia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Middle East is often considered a war zone, and it rarely comes to mind as a region that includes cases of peaceful change. Yet several examples of peaceful change can be identified at different levels of analysis: international, regional, interactive, and domestic. This chapter first critically examines the impact of the broader global/systemic level of analysis on the prospects for peaceful change. It then moves to examine the regional level of analysis, exploring the Kurdish question and the Arab-Israeli conflict as a central axis of change, the role of the Arab League, and the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The chapter then examines the interactive, bilateral level of analysis, exploring peaceful territorial change in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, with reference to the successful Israeli-Egyptian negotiations of 1977–1979 and the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1993. Next, it explores the domestic level of analysis, focusing on domestic politics, the nature of ruling coalitions, and the implications of the domestic turmoil of the Arab Spring. The last section draws conclusions from each level of analysis, with implications about the prospects for peaceful change in the region.
Ritual Objects and Artifacts
Authors: Bonfiglio Ryan P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter surveys material objects in the Old Testament associated with worship and ritual activities, including the ark, altars, wash basins, tables, lampstands, and items deemed to be illicit (idols, sacred poles, pillars, and the bronze serpent). Special emphasis is given to the material form of these objects as well as how they function in ritual processes, activate sensory experience, and/or make available the presence and power of the deity. Attention is also given to the theological systems that undergird the material dimensions of Israelite religion, including aniconism, Deuteronomistic cult reforms, and the construction and operation of the tabernacle and temple.
Sociopolitical Cleavages in Israel
Authors: Ram Uri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter sketches the evolution of the cleavages perspective in Israel and offers a sociohistorical overview of four major cleavages in Israeli society: the national one between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs, the cultural one between secular and religious Jews, the socioeconomic (or class) one between rich and poor, and the ethnic one between Ashkenazi Jews and Mizrahi Jews (or “Westerners” versus “Orientals”). The discussion highlights the measure of coalescence among the cleavages and their compound political impact. It underscores the role played by the cleavages in the “upheaval” transition of governmental power in 1977, from Left (Labor) to Right (Likud), and in the consolidation of a neoliberal and a neocolonial political culture in Israel since that time.
The Integrated Stress Response in Memory and Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Mays Jacqunae L. , Costa-Mattioli Mauro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects and stress conditions by tuning protein synthesis rates. While it has been long recognized that long-term memory formation requires new protein synthesis, our understanding of the central translational control mechanisms that regulate memory formation has advanced vastly. Indeed, novel causal and convergent evidence across different species and model systems shows that the ISR serves as a universal regulator of long-term memory formation. This chapter discusses the evidence explaining how inhibition of the ISR enhances long-term memory formation while activation of the ISR prevents it. In addition, it highlights the role of the ISR in different forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity in the brain. Finally, the chapter addresses how dysregulated ISR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders and discusses the future prospects for therapeutically targeting the ISR for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
RNA-Binding Proteins and Translation in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Duncan Kent E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Both RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and translation are increasingly implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, but their specific roles in promoting disease are not yet fully defined. This chapter critically evaluates the evidence that altered translation of specific mRNAs mediated by RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in driving specific neurodegenerative diseases. First, diseases are discussed where a causal role for RNA-binding proteins in disease appears solid, but whether this involves altered translation is less clear. The main foci here are TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Subsequently, diseases are presented where altered translation is believed to contribute, but involvement of RNA-binding proteins is less clear. These include Huntington’s and other repeat expansion disorders such as fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), where repeat-induced non-AUG-initiated (RAN) translation is a focus. The potential contribution of both canonical and non-canonical RBPs to altered translation in Parkinson’s disease is discussed. The chapter closes by proposing key research frontiers for the field to explore and outlining methodological advances that could help to address them.
Racism, Colorism, and Language within Their Macro Contexts
Authors: Spears Arthur K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter contends that scholars of language and race have insufficiently attended to the constraints imposed by a pentad of forces that (re)produce racialized hierarchies. These macro-forces include the global capitalist system, the nation-state, political economic stratification, and other forms of socioeconomic inequality. It argues that racism in the United States emerges from the social inequality imposed by global capitalism and the hegemonic influence of institutionalized racism rationalized by ideologies of white supremacy. This emphasis on disclosing the basis for racialization and the deliberate construction and maintenance of racial hierarchies is a critical step in revealing and undermining the historical arc of racist thinking. The terror, violence, and brutality of these systems are not only the macro-contexts within which race and language are produced, but white supremacy comes to depend on the idea of race, and therefore, processes of racialization for its continued propagation.
The Medieval Expansion of Long-Distance Trade: Adam Smith on the Towns’ Escape from the Violent, Feudal Equilibrium
Authors: Weingast Barry R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Most people in medieval Europe lived at subsistence level in a violent feudal world. Adam Smith explained both the long-term stability of the feudal system and how the towns escaped this violence trap through political exchange that fostered their ability to enter long-distance trade, create a significant division of labor, and encourage long-term economic growth and development. Violence is central to Smith’s approach to development, which Smith scholars have systematically underappreciated. In the face of episodic violence, individuals had little incentive to be industrious, to save, or to invest. Smith argued that medieval towns escaped the violence trap through three mutually reinforcing elements: law and liberty, commerce (including long-distance trade), and security from all forms of violence.
The Sociology of Mobile Apps
Authors: Lupton Deborah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince their introduction in 2008, software applications for mobile devices (“apps”) have become extremely popular forms of digital media. Mobile apps are designed as small bits of software for devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, smartwatches, and other wearable devices. This chapter presents a sociological analysis of apps through the lens of three major theoretical perspectives: (1) the political economy approach, (2) Foucauldian perspectives, and (3) sociomaterialism. Each perspective adopts a different focus, but all elucidate important aspects of the sociocultural and political dimensions of apps. Relevant empirical research is incorporated into the discussion to illustrate how apps are designed, developed, and promoted by a range of actors and agencies and to provide examples of the ways in which people incorporate apps into the routines of their everyday lives. The chapter ends with identifying directions for further sociological research and theorizing related to apps.
Media and the Social Construction of Reality
Authors: Couldry Nick , Hepp Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors argue that a phenomenological approach to sociology only can be preserved if a version of sociology is developed that takes seriously the existence of media and the entanglement of digital media technologies and interfaces in every aspect of daily life. That means, in turn, taking seriously the roles that data extraction and data processing play in both the operations of digital media and the production of what counts as knowledge of the social world. If so, then some adjustments to other key assumptions must be made, for example about the social world’s transparency. But those adjustments are worth making in order to preserve the project of phenomenological sociology, which still has much to contribute to a sense of the tensions at work in the social world and its forms of knowledge. To outline this, the authors first discuss the consequences of a mediated life for social theory, then reflect on how digital media and data changed processes of the mediated construction reality, and finally introduce “deep mediatization” as a “sensitizing concept” for such an analysis.
The Problem of Platform Law
Authors: Land Molly K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The internet would seem to be an ideal platform for fostering norm diversity. The very structure of the internet resists centralized governance, while the opportunities it provides for the “long tail” of expression means even voices with extremely small audiences can find a home. In reality, however, the governance of online speech looks much more monolithic. This is largely a result of private “lawmaking” activity by internet intermediaries. Increasingly, social media companies like Facebook and Twitter are developing what David Kaye, UN Special Rapporteur for the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, has called “platform law.” Through a combination of community standards, contract, technological design, and case-specific practice, social media companies are developing “Facebook law” and “Twitter law,” displacing the laws of national jurisdictions. Using the example of content moderation, this chapter makes several contributions to the literature. First, it expands upon the idea of “platform law” to consider the broad array of mechanisms that companies use to control user behavior and mediate conflicts. Second, using human rights law as a foundation, the chapter makes the case for meaningful technological design choices that enable user autonomy. Users should be able to make explicit choices about who and what they want to hear online. It also frames user choice in terms of the right to hear, not the right to speak, as a way of navigating the tension presented by hate speech and human rights without resorting to platform law that sanitizes speech for everyone.