bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Making Stage of the Modern Palestinian Arabic Novel in the Experiences of the udabāʾ Khalīl Baydas (1874–1949) and Iskandar al-Khūri al-BeitJāli (1890–1973)
Authors: Agsous Sadia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1946, the first Palestinian book fair took place at the Arab Orthodox Union Club in Jerusalem. What lay behind this event was a process that paralleled the political life revolving around the formation of local nationalism, a complex process of cultural and literary development within the Arab Nahda (‘Awakening’ or Renaissance) movement in which the Palestinians left their imprint through the press, literature, translation and other cultural fields. This chapter discusses the cultural environment of Khalīl Baydas and Iskandar al-Khūrī al-BeitJālī who initiated the modern Palestinian Arabic novel, both publishing in 1920. It addresses the Palestinian Nahda and the Russian educational enterprise as the formative context of these two authors and propose that Khalīl Baydas should be recognised as the architect of Palestinian literary realism.
Cultural Diplomacy in Mandatory Haifa: The Role of Christian Communities in the Cultural Transformation of the City
Authors: Hilel Maayan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe formative years of the British Mandate over Palestine marked a period of profound changes, in which cultural transformation manifested in a rapid growth of modern leisure, new recreation sites and cultural patterns in the urban centres of Palestine. These processes were significantly evident in Haifa as the city had been chosen by the British as the economic and effectively political capital of Palestine. This chapter scrutinises the rapid cultural changes that unfolded, analysing the significant role of Christian communities in this process. It examines the ways in which Christians’ connections with European powers contributed to their crucial involvement in developing the city’s cultural life and how Christians’ engagement in cultural activities strengthened their Palestinian identity in a period of intensive nation-building.
Conceptualising Ideational Convergence of China and OECD Donors: Coalition Magnets in Development Cooperation
Authors: Janus Heiner , Tang Lixia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter analyses the development discourse on foreign aid to explore areas of convergence between the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors and Chinese development cooperation. We apply the concept of “coalition magnets”—the capacity of an idea to appeal to a diverse set of individuals and groups, and to be used strategically by policy entrepreneurs to frame interests, mobilise support, and build coalitions. Three coalition magnets are identified: mutual benefit, development results, and the 2030 Agenda. The chapter finds that coalition magnets can be used to influence political change and concludes that applying a discursive approach provides a new conceptual opportunity for fostering closer engagement between OECD-DAC and Chinese development cooperation actors.
Measuring Development Cooperation and the Quality of Aid
Authors: Mitchell Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCountries and governments are divided on the fora and mechanisms for agreeing on effective development cooperation. But progress can be made onmeasuringwhat countries are doing in different areas of cooperation. This chapter looks at how we can assess the quality of development cooperation. It sets out a framework for measuring development cooperation across three areas: development finance; country policies affecting the exchange of goods, people, ideas, and capital; and global public goods. It considers the availability of measures against that framework and concludes on how these measures can be developed, or where new measures are needed, to provide a holistic assessment of development cooperation.
Interest-Based Development Cooperation: Moving Providers from Parochial Convergence to Principled Collaboration
Authors: Gulrajani Nilima , Calleja Rachael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe motives for providing development assistance change according to historical and political trajectories but always combine varying degrees of altruism and selfishness. Currently, we are witnessing disruptive change in development cooperation as political leaders forward an increasingly self-regarding rationale for international assistance. In an empirical analysis of Northern donors’ narratives and aid allocation strategies, we define the meaning of the “national interest” in development cooperation and distinguish its principled and parochial formats. Our empirical analysis suggests Northern donors continue to allocate based on principled norms, though there is a noticeable deterioration in their public spiritedness as they simultaneously seek short-term domestic benefits from overseas giving. Calls for a principled national interest narrative may, however, enable normative collaboration across Northern and Southern actors.
Counting the Invisible: The Challenges and Opportunities of the SDG Indicator Framework for Statistical Capacity Development
Authors: Avendano Rolando , Jütting Johannes , Kuhm Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRolando Avendano (Asian Development Bank), Johannes Jütting, and Manuel Kuhm (PARIS21) focus on the challenges and opportunities of the SDG indicator framework. They analyse three core problems associated with the data demands of the framework: the overburdening of national statistical systems, the increasing number of coordination failures between different actors of the data ecosystem, and a persistent lack of funding for statistical modernisation. The authors argue that the alignment of global requirements with national priorities; new forms of inclusive cooperation fostering trust, mutual learning, and accountability; and a global financing facility for development data are possible solutions to overcome key challenges of tracking progress towards the 2030 Agenda. The chapter concludes with an outlook on the role of data in the future of development cooperation.
Russia’s Approach to Official Development Assistance and Its Contribution to the SDGs
Authors: Zaytsev Yury K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chapter looks at the current developments in Russia’s official development assistance (ODA). In spite of its international isolation, the Russian government has expanded its ODA allocations since 2015, which total to about $1 billion annually. The chapter describes the sectoral and channel distribution of Russian aid. Moreover, it identifies the key challenges of the Russian government in the framework of its ODA activities, such as monitoring and evaluation (M&E), achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and its engagement with the business sector. Under consideration of the government’s undertakings in its striving to address these issues, the author reflects in conclusion on the prospects of establishing a national ODA M&E system, and options to contribute towards the achievement of the SDGs by 2030.
Achieving the SDGs in Africa Through South-South Cooperation on Climate Change with China
Authors: Weigel Moritz , Demissie Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change poses a significant threat to socio-economic development in Africa. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will not be possible without fostering low-emission development and addressing the adverse impacts of climatic changes on the continent. China has emerged as a key development partner and is increasingly cooperating with African countries on climate change adaptation and mitigation. This chapter looks at the evolution of South-South cooperation on climate change between African countries and China over the past decades. We argue that South-South cooperation with China has a tremendous potential for African countries to realise their climate action priorities, and thus enable the achievement of their SDGs. However, to realise this potential, both sides need a more ambitious and targeted approach.
Theoretical Background
Authors: Mariel Petr , Hoyos David , Meyerhoff Jürgen , Czajkowski Mikolaj , Dekker Thijs , Glenk Klaus , Jacobsen Jette Bredahl , Liebe Ulf , Olsen Søren Bøye , Sagebiel Julian , Thiene Mara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter starts by briefly presenting the theoretical background of welfare economics and introducing key aspects such as the indirect utility function, the expenditure function, or the concepts of compensating surplus or equivalent surplus. Next, it draws attention to willingness to pay and willingness to accept, essential measures in environmental valuation. Finally, the chapter summarises the basic mathematical notation of the random utility maximisation models used throughout the book.
Klimawandel – Auswirkungen mit Blick auf den Tourismus
Authors: Olefs Marc , Formayer Herbert , Gobiet Andreas , Marke Thomas , Schöner Wolfgang , Fischer Andrea , Aigner Günther 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Klimasystem der Erde besteht aus dem komplexen Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Sphären, bei dem Energieund Stoffströme zwischen den Weltmeeren, den Landmassen und der Atmosphäre ausgetauscht werden. Dieser Austausch wird durch die Energie der Sonne angetrieben, wobei die Energieumsetzung noch zusätzlich durch Wechselwirkungen mit der Erdoberfläche (z. B. Eis, Schnee und Wasser) sowie den Lebewesen modifiziert wird. Grundsätzlich versucht das Klimasystem ein Gleichgewicht – sowohl über Zeit als auch Raum – der Energieverteilung auf der Erde herzustellen. Durch die unterschiedlichen Reaktionszeiten der verschiedenen Sphären kommt es jedoch zu Überlagerungen von verschiedenen Prozessen und periodischen Schwankungen (Stephenson et al. 2004).
Kreislaufwirtschaft als Säule des EU Green Deal
Authors: Schaller Florian , Randhahn Annette , Bösche Eyk , Michelmann Jakob 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und Energieeffizienz sind bislang die zentralen Ansätze zur Minderung der anthropogenen Ursachen des Klimawandels. Zudem übt der weltweite Ressourcenverbrauch enormen Änderungsdruck auf unser bestehendes überwiegend lineares Wirtschaftssystem aus. Um Emissionen und Ressourcenverbrauch weiter zu reduzieren, setzt der im November 2019 von der EU-Kommission vorgestellte Green Deal auf die Etablierung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft. Hat sie das Potenzial, das Paradigma der linearen Wirtschaft abzulösen?
European Green Deal: Hebel für internationale Klima- und Wirtschaftsallianzen
Authors: Bechberger Mischa , Thiele Yannick , Neumann Kirsten 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungUm eine Stabilisierung des Erdklimas zu erreichen, musste der Erdatmosphäre rund ein Viertel des in ihr enthaltenen Kohlendioxids, CO2, entzogen werden. Eine gigantische, aber nicht unmögliche Aufgabe, zu deren Losung es allerdings einer gemeinsamen internationalen Anstrengung aller Lander bedarf. Der European Green Deal bietet dabei eine nicht zu unterschätzende Gelegenheit für die Reaktivierung internationaler Klima-Diplomatie.
Klimafreundliche Kommunen
Authors: Frederking Angelika , Gieschen Jan-Hinrich , Lindner Maximilian , Richter Doreen 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungKommunen sind die kleinste politische und administrative Einheit des Staates. Nah an der Bevölkerung haben sie auch die Aufgabe, globale Probleme auf die lokale Ebene zu übertragen und sich aufdrängende Fragen zu losen. So müssen sich Kommunen an die schon spürbar manifesten Klimaänderungen anpassen, um zukunftsfähig wirtschaften und den Bürger:innen ein lebenswertes Umfeld mit funktionierenden Infrastrukturen bieten zu können.
Introduction to Part IV: Teacher Practices
Authors: Imms Wesley , Fisher Kenn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis final section of Transitions focuses on arguably the most important element of ’successful’ ILEs—the teacher. Within educational research alone, and when looking at a hundred years or more of research into quality schooling, most arguments attract a counter-perspective. Interestingly, on one factor virtually everyone agrees; the teacher has the greatest positive impact on the quality of student learning. For this reason, we use the preceding sections to lead us into discussions about how teachers occupy and use the educational space.
Where to Now? Fourteen Characteristics of Teachers’ Transition into Innovative Learning Environments
Authors: Imms Wesley , Mahat Marian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter places the preceding papers into a wider context. As part of the Innovative Learning Environment and Teacher Change (ILETC) project, seven Transitions symposia were held in five cities across Australasia, Europe and North America during 2017, 2018 and 2019. Each aimed at investigating how teachers adapt to innovative learning environments. The resulting accumulation of approximately 150 papers by graduate researchers and research groups, of which this book’s chapters are a sample, constituted a reasonable representation of international thinking on this topic. When added to three years of ILETC case studies, surveys, systematic literature reviews and teacher workshops, the project team was able to identify consistent patterns in teachers’ spatial transition actions. This chapter places the material of this book within that larger picture, specifically in terms of one project output—the development of a Spatial Transition Pathway. The Pathway emerged from these data and can be seen as an output of the material sampled in previous chapters. Certainly, the considerable work teachers had been doing to re-conceptualise their pedagogies for new spaces (done both intentionally, and at times, without realising) deserved to be mapped as a resource for others undertaking this journey. This chapter makes the case that while each teacher or school’s journey from traditional to ‘innovative’ spaces is unique, there exists some common issues that most seem to face at some time, in some way. It provides a description of fourteen ‘grand themes’ that appear commonly through the data and describes how these can be organised in a way that provides temporal and theme-based strategies and tools, developed by fellow educators to assist in this transition. This final chapter leads the reader to consider ‘where to now’? It celebrates the fact that teachers have enormous capacity to work out how to utilise innovative learning environments well and provides a framework for evidence-based actions into the future.
Porcine Model of the Arterial Switch Operation: Implications for Unique Strategies in the Management of Hypoplastic Left Ventricles
Authors: Azakie Anthony , Carney John P. , Lahti Matthew T. , Bianco Richard W. , Doyle Michelle J. , Kalra Rajat , Martin Cindy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are no reports on the performance of the arterial switch operation (ASO) in a normal heart with normally related great vessels. The objective of this study was to determine whether the ASO could be performed in a healthy animal model. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and coronary translocation techniques were used to perform ASO in neonatal piglets or a staged ASO with prior main pulmonary artery (PA) banding. Primary ASO was performed in four neonatal piglets. Coronary translocation was effective with angiograms confirming patency. Piglets could not be weaned from CPB due to right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. To improve RV function for the ASO, nine piglets had PA banding. All survived the procedure. Post-banding RV pressure increased from a mean of 20.3 ± 2.2 mmHg to 36.5 ± 7.3 mmHg (p = 0.007). At 58 ± 1 days post-banding, piglets underwent cardiac MRIs revealing RV hypertrophy, and RV pressure overload with mildly reduced RV function. Catheterization confirmed RV systolic pressures of 84.0 ± 6.7 mmHg with LV systolic pressure 83.3 ± 6.7 mmHg (p = 0.43). The remaining five PA banded piglets underwent ASO at 51 ± 0 days post-banding. Three of five were weaned from bypass with patent coronary arteries and adequate RV function. We were able to successfully perform an arterial switch with documented patent coronary arteries on standard anatomy great vessels in a healthy animal model. To our knowledge this is the first time this procedure has been successfully performed. The model may have implications for studying the failing systemic RV, and may support a novel approach for management of borderline, pulsatile left ventricles.
Perceived clinical utility of a test for predicting inadequate response to TNF inhibitor therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: results from a decision impact study
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , Brittle Christine , Mossell James E. , Withers Johanna B. , Lim-Harashima Jeraldine , Kremer Joel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapies are often the first biologic therapy used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, a substantial fraction of patients do not respond adequately to TNFi therapies. A test with the ability to predict response would inform therapeutic decision-making and improve clinical and financial outcomes. A 32-question decision-impact survey was conducted with 248 rheumatologists to gauge the perceived clinical utility of a novel test that predicts inadequate response to TNFi therapies in RA patients. Participants were informed about the predictive characteristics of the test and asked to indicate prescribing decisions based on four result scenarios. Overall, rheumatologists had a favorable view of the test: 80.2% agreed that it would improve medical decision-making, 92.3% said it would increase their confidence when making prescribing decisions, and 81.5% said it would be useful when considering TNFi therapies. Rheumatologists would be more likely to prescribe a TNFi therapy when the test reported that no signal of non-response was detected (79.8%) and less likely to prescribe a TNFi therapy when a signal of non-response was detected (11.3%–25.4%). Rheumatologists (84.7%) agreed that payers should provide coverage for such a test. This study shows that rheumatologists support the clinical need for a test to predict inadequate response to TNFi therapies. Test results were perceived to lead to changes in prescribing behaviors as results instill confidence in the ordering rheumatologist.
Multiplicity results for (p, q)-Laplacian equations with critical exponent in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$ and negative energy
Authors: Baldelli Laura , Brizi Ylenia , Filippucci Roberta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove existence results in all of $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

for an elliptic problem of (p, q)-Laplacian type involving a critical term, nonnegative weights and a positive parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
. In particular, under suitable conditions on the exponents of the nonlinearity, we prove existence of infinitely many weak solutions with negative energy when $$\lambda $$
λ
belongs to a certain interval. Our proofs use variational methods and the concentration compactness principle. Towards this aim we give a detailed proof of tight convergence of a suitable sequence.
Current status of opioid epidemic in the United Kingdom and strategies for treatment optimisation in chronic pain
Authors: Alenezi Aziza , Yahyouche Asma , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increase in opioid prescriptions in the United States has been accompanied by an increase in misuse as well as overdose and toxicity related morbidity and mortality. However, the extent of the increased opioid use, including misuse in the United Kingdom, currently remains less debated. Recent studies in the United Kingdom have shown a rise in opioid use and attributed deaths, particularly in areas with higher deprivation. There are also large variations amongst the devolved nations; Scotland has the highest drug-related deaths and year-on-year increase within Europe. Better clinical guidelines that can enable person-centred management of chronic pain, medicines optimisation, and early diagnosis and treatment of opioid use disorder are crucial to addressing opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom.
Transitions in loneliness in later life: the role of social comparisons and coping strategies
Authors: Morgan Deborah , Burholt Vanessa ,   CFAS Wales Research Team
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study explored the coping strategies and social comparisons used by older adults on different loneliness trajectories (decreased loneliness, stable loneliness and degenerating loneliness). The adaptive consequences of social comparison in later life are recognised as an important strategy for preserving life satisfaction regardless of age-related losses. Coping strategies are also important in managing loneliness. Narrative interviews were conducted with lonely older adults (N = 11) who had participated in Wave One of the Maintaining Function and Well-being in Later Life Study Wales (CFAS Wales). The study found key differences in the coping strategies employed by older adults on different loneliness trajectories. Differences in coping styles between those who reported decreased loneliness and those who were chronically lonely stemmed from perceptions as to whether loneliness was modifiable or not. Different types of social comparison were also found to modulate the loneliness experience. The findings indicate that higher-order strategies (problem, emotional and meaning focused) are not distinct entities but are part of a dynamic process. The management of loneliness in later life may be dependent on several factors, including older adults’ interpretations of the cause of loneliness. These interpretations will have implications for interventions aimed at alleviating chronic loneliness, where the focus may have to be on changing older adult's perceptions of unmodifiable loneliness.
Martian Oxygen and Hydrogen Upper Atmospheres Responding to Solar and Dust Storm Drivers: Hisaki Space Telescope Observations
Authors: Masunaga K. , Yoshioka K. , Chaffin M. S. , Deighan J. , Jain S. K. , Schneider N. M. , Kimura T. , Tsuchiya F. , Murakami G. , Yamazaki A. , Terada N. , Yoshikawa I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present variations of oxygen 130.4 nm and hydrogen Ly‐β airglow of the Martian upper atmosphere observed by the Hisaki spacecraft in the Earth orbit. In 5‐year intermittent observations covering various Mars seasons, the 130.4 nm brightness varied from ∼700 to ∼1,200 Rayleigh, correlated with the solar 130.4 nm flux. The Ly‐β brightness, on the other hand, varied from ∼50 to ∼260 Rayleigh, correlated with the column dust optical depth rather than the solar Ly‐β flux. This suggests that the global oxygen column density in the upper atmosphere was relatively stable over the observations while the hydrogen column density was highly variable, controlled by dust storms. Although the observations were made in different Mars Years, we suggest that the hydrogen column density increased by at least 2–5 times from non‐dusty to dusty seasons. The source of the hydrogen atoms is likely water vapor transported from the lower atmosphere which subsequently photodissociate into hydrogen atoms. The amount of oxygen atoms dissociated from water vapor is small compared with those dissociated from the main CO2 atmosphere. Large brightness of both emissions was detected during the comet siding spring (CSS) approach. We suggest that a large solar 130.4 nm flux caused the large 130.4 nm brightness and an effect of the CSS approach was small. For Ly‐β, a regional dust storm during the CSS approach likely caused the large brightness. Although it is possible that the hydrogen atoms are transported from the comet, we leave the effect of CSS on the Ly‐β brightness uncertain.