bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic Intracranial Cavernoma Presenting as a Homonymous Horizontal Sectoranopia
Authors: Costello Fiona E. , Starreveld Yves P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Hemorrhagic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) insults are rare but have been reported in association with tumors, vascular malformations, and trauma. The localization of LGN lesions is facilitated by recognition of pathognomonic visual field defects. A 21-year old woman developed a sudden onset painless left homonymous horizontal sectoranopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hemorrhagic cavernous malformation of the right temporal lobe. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Humphrey perimetry findings localized the lesion to the right LGN. Specifically, OCT testing revealed a right homonymous sectoranopia pattern of hemi-retinal macular ganglion layer-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thinning contralateral to the left sided visual field defect. The OCT pattern reflected retrograde neuroaxonal degeneration from the right LGN lesion. This case highlights a unique pattern of mGCIPL thinning characteristic for a posterior lateral choroidal artery injury, affecting the LGN. These findings illustrate how functional eloquence correlates with topographical elegance in the afferent visual pathway.
Patterns of Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Assessed by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Wang Zhijun , Chen Yi , Li Aihong , Sun Chuan , Sun Xinquan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the ability of macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by long-wavelength swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to assess retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods:
A retrospective study of 20 patients with unilateral NAION was performed. SS-OCT scanning of the macular and peripapillary areas was performed to measure the total and six-sector thicknesses of macular RNFL (mRNFL) and mGCIPL, as well as peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thicknesses in global and 12 clock-hour sectors. Further comparison of these thicknesses between NAION involved eyes and uninvolved counterparts was performed in 12 of the 20 patients at 4 visits. The thickness map and en face images generated by volume data of the posterior pole over a 12 × 9-mm area were used for RNFL analysis.

Results:
Median time intervals between the visual symptom onset and first thinning occurrences of mGCIPL, mRNFL, and pRNFL were 17 days (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 14–18 days), 43 days (95% CI 32–48 days), and 70 days (95% CI 62–80 days), respectively. The thickness map indicated a significantly reduced pRNFL in the superior temporal sectors or temporal sectors after 9 weeks, and retinal damage corresponded to the superior hemisphere's mRNFL and mGCIPL. En face images showed that the RNFL thinning area gradually expanded along the retinal nerve fiber direction and progressed toward the optic nerve head.

Conclusions:
The patterns of RGC damage in the macular and peripapillary areas of NAION eyes can be revealed by SS-OCT. Objective measurement of SS-OCT is valuable in characterizing NAION.
Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Mimicking Retrobulbar Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Scott Rachel A. , Bhat Nita , Harish Bindiganavile Shruthi , Li Helen K. , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
A 70-year-old woman presented with acute awareness of decreased color vision in her right eye. Fundus examination and a flash electroretinography (ERG) were both normal. A multifocal ERG (mfERG) however revealed foveal depression, and thinning of inner nuclear layer was noted on macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), and a diagnosis of resolved paracentral acute middle maculopathy was made. Clinicians should be aware of the complementary role of OCT and mfERG in unexplained acute central visual loss to distinguish retinal from neuro-ophthalmic etiologies. Structural ocular imaging with OCT shows features of inner, middle, and outer retinal localizations to the visual loss.
Comitant Ocular Deviation in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Pike-Lee Tiffany , Hill Jeremy , Li Jianbo , Kosmorsky Gregory S. , Li Yuebing 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Occurrence of comitant ocular deviation in myasthenia gravis (MG) is not well described.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients with ocular or generalized MG evaluated at a neuro-ophthalmology clinic for a 6-year period. Comitant ocular deviation was defined as magnitude of deviations in all planes varying by <20% from the measurement in the primary position.

Results:
Among the 120 patients included, 89 patients had ocular and 31 patients generalized MG. At the initial strabismus testing, comitant ocular deviation was present in 27 (22.5%) patients. Among the 16 patients who had a follow-up, ocular deviation remained comitant in 6 patients and converted to incomitant or no ocular deviation in 10 patients. An additional 7 patients demonstrated comitant ocular deviation at follow-up. Brain MRI was performed in 18 patients with comitant ocular deviation, and none showed abnormalities in the brainstem or cerebellum.

Conclusion:
Comitant ocular deviation can be an ocular manifestation of MG. Its presence does not necessarily indicate a central etiology in patients with MG neither excluding a MG diagnosis.
Delayed-Onset Cranial Nerve Palsy After Transvenous Embolization of Indirect Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
Authors: Wang Arthur , Halbach Van V. , Dowd Christopher F. , Alexander Matthew D. , Hallam Danial K. , Ghodke Basavarj , Moazami Golnaz , Mandigo Grace K. , Lavine Sean D. , Meyers Philip M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) often present with diplopia secondary to cranial nerve palsy (CNP). Immediate development of postoperative CNP has been described in the literature. This study described delayed-onset of CNP after complete and reconfirmed obliteration of the CCF and resolution of initial CNP.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with indirect CCF between 1987 and 2006 at 4 academic endovascular centers. Details of the endovascular procedures, embolic agents used, and complications were studied. Partial or complete obliteration was determined. Immediate and delayed cranial nerve palsies were independently assessed.

Results:
A total of 267 patients with symptomatic indirect CCF underwent transvenous endovascular treatment. Four patients (1.5%) developed delayed abducens nerve (VI) palsy after complete resolution of presenting symptoms after embolization. Delayed presentation ranged between 3 and 13 months after complete resolution of initial double vision and cranial nerve palsies. Transvenous coil embolization through the inferior petrosal sinus was performed in all 4 affected patients. All had follow-up angiography confirming durable closure of their CCF. MRI did not show new mass lesions or abnormal soft tissue enhancement. In all 4 patients, their abducens nerve (VI) palsy remained.

Conclusions:
Delayed CNP can develop despite complete endovascular obliteration of the CCF. The cause of delayed CNP is not yet determined, but may represent fibrosis and ischemia. Long-term follow-up is needed even after complete neurological and radiological recovery is attained in the immediate perioperative period.
Promoting healthy lifestyle considerations during pregnancy in Midwifery clinics in China: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Zhai Jinguo , Hu Xiaoqi , Wen Zhiying , Chen Lihua , Ye Ranran , Zheng Xiaozhu , Xiong Anqi , Barker Timothy H. , McArthur Alexa 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to initiate and promote formal and individualized evidence-based education on healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy for pregnant women.

Introduction:
Evidence suggests that lifestyle choices during pregnancy can have a profound influence on many pregnancy complications and chronic diseases such as preterm birth, diabetes, obesity, fetal growth restriction, breast cancer and hypertensive diseases in both pregnant women and their babies. It is widely accepted that formal, individualized, hospital-directed education about lifestyle choices during pregnancy should commence as early as the first consultation between pregnant women and maternal healthcare workers.

Methods:
The methods of this project were audit and feedback. The approach to data collection used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and implementation planning utilized the Getting Research into Practice component. A baseline audit of 50 observations of midwife-led education on prenatal lifestyle were conducted and measured against seven best practice audit criteria. Targeted strategies were then implemented to improve compliance to best practice. A follow-up audit was conducted over a 6-month period from June 2019 to November 2019.

Results:
The baseline audit revealed significant deficits between current prenatal education practice and recommended best practice. Zero percent compliance was observed in six out of seven audit criteria, indicating that education provided did not conform to best practice. Total compliance (100%) was observed for one audit criterion at baseline, assessing pregnant women being offered an opportunity to discuss and ask questions regarding the education session or information they had received. Three barriers that prevented midwives from achieving compliance with best practice were identified, and a bundled education strategy was implemented. A follow-up audit indicated 100% compliance of all audit criteria.

Conclusion:
Results demonstrated that formal, individualized, midwife-led prenatal education and provision of relevant evidence-based resources had an immediate positive effect. The project helped to transform care givers’ attitudes toward education regarding lifestyle during pregnancy from a passive routine ‘must do’ task to an active process with focus on healthy lifestyle and engagement of pregnant women. Future strategies such as support from hospital management and social media are planned in conjunction with follow-up clinical audits to ensure sustainability.
Joint Investigation of Two-Month Post-Diagnosis IgG Antibody Levels and Psychological Measures for Assessing Longer Term Multi-Faceted Recovery among COVID-19 Cases in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Barin Burc , Yoldascan Banu Elcin , Savaskan Fatma , Ozbalikci Goncagul , Karaderi Tugce , Çakal Hüseyin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFollowing the outbreak of COVID-19, multidisciplinary research focusing on the long-term effects of the COVID-19 infection and the ‘complete longer term recovery’ is still scarce. With regards to long-term consequences, biomarkers of physiological effects as well as the psychological experiences are of significant importance for comprehensively understanding the whole COVID-19 recovery period. The present research surveys the IgG antibody titers and the impact of COVID-19 as a traumatic experience in the aftermath of the active infection period, around two months after diagnosis, in a subset of COVID-19 patients from the first wave of the outbreak in Northern Cyprus. Associations of antibody titers and psychological survey measures with baseline characteristics and disease severity were explored, and correlations among various measures were evaluated. Of the 47 serology tests conducted for presence of IgG antibodies, 39 (83%) were positive. We identified trends demonstrating individuals experiencing severe or critical COVID-19 disease and/or those with comorbidities are more heavily impacted both physiologically and mentally, with higher IgG titers and negative psychological experience compared to those with milder disease and without comorbidities. We also observed that more than half of the COVID-19 cases had negative psychological experiences, being subjected to discrimination and verbal harassment/insult, by family/friends. In summary, as the first study co-evaluating immune response together with mental status, our findings suggest that further multidisciplinary research in larger sample populations as well as community intervention plans are needed to holistically address the physiological and psychological effects of COVID-19 among the cases in the long-term.
Inheritance of a common androgen synthesis variant allele is associated with female COVID susceptibility in UK Biobank
Authors: McManus Jeffrey M. , Sabharwal Navin , Bazeley Peter , Sharifi Nima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextA sex discordance in COVID exists, with males disproportionately affected. Although sex steroids may play a role in this discordance, no definitive genetic data exist to support androgen-mediated immune suppression for viral susceptibility, nor for adrenally produced androgens.ObjectiveThe common adrenal-permissive missense-encoding variant HSD3B1(1245C) that enables androgen synthesis from adrenal precursors and that has been linked to suppression of inflammation in severe asthma was investigated in COVID susceptibility and outcomes reported in the UK Biobank.MethodsThe UK Biobank is a long-term study with detailed medical information and health outcomes for over 500,000 genotyped individuals. We obtained COVID test results, inpatient hospital records, and death records and tested for associations between COVID susceptibility or outcomes and HSD3B1(1245A/C) genotype. The outcomes were identification as a COVID case among all subjects, COVID positivity among COVID-tested subjects, and mortality among subjects identified as COVID cases.ResultsAdrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) genotype was associated with identification as a COVID case (odds ratio 1.11 per C allele, p = 0.00054) and COVID test positivity (OR 1.10, p = 0.0036) in older (≥ 70 years of age) women. In women identified as COVID cases, there was a positive linear relationship between age and 1245C allele frequency (p < 0.0001). No associations were found between genotype and mortality.ConclusionOur study suggests that a common androgen synthesis variant regulates immune susceptibility to COVID infection in women, with increasingly strong effects as women age.
Continuous digital collection of patient-reported outcomes during inpatient treatment for affective disorders – implementation and feasibility
Authors: Richter Maike , Storck Michael , Blitz Rogério , Goltermann Janik , Seipp Juliana , Dannlowski Udo , Baune Bernhard T. , Dugas Martin , Opel Nils 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultivariate predictive models have revealed promising results for the individual prediction of treatment response, relapse risk as well as for the differential diagnosis in affective disorders. Yet, in order to translate personalized predictive modelling from the research context to psychiatric clinical routine, standardized collection of information of sufficient detail and temporal resolution in day-to-day clinical care is needed, based on which machine learning algorithms can be trained. Digital collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is a time- and cost-efficient approach to gain such data throughout the treatment course. However, it remains unclear whether patients with severe affective disorders are willing and able to participate in such efforts, whether the feasibility of such systems might vary depending on individual patient characteristics and if digitally acquired patient-reported outcomes are of sufficient diagnostic validity. To address these questions, we implemented a system for continuous digital collection of patient-reported outcomes via tablet computers throughout inpatient treatment for affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Münster. 364 affective disorder patients were approached, 66.5% of which could be recruited to participate in the study. An average of four assessments were completed during the treatment course, none of the participants dropped out of the study prematurely. 89.3% of participants did not require additional support during data entry. Need of support with tablet handling and slower data entry pace was predicted by older age, whereas depression severity at baseline did not influence these measures. Patient-reported outcomes of depression severity showed high agreement with standardized external assessments by a clinical interviewer. Our results indicate that continuous digital collection of patient-reported outcomes is a feasible, accessible and valid method for longitudinal data collection in psychiatric routine, which will eventually facilitate the identification of individual risk and resilience factors for affective disorders and pave the way towards personalized psychiatric care.
Learning Distance-Dependent Motif Interactions: An Explicitly Interpretable Neural Model of Genomic Events
Authors: Quinn Thomas P. , Nguyen Dang , Nguyen Phuoc , Gupta Sunil , Venkatesh Svetha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn many biological studies, prediction is used primarily to validate the model; the real quest is to understand the underlying phenomenon. Therefore, interpretable deep models for biological studies are required. Here, we propose theHyper-parameter eXplainable MotifPairframework (HyperXPair) to model biological motifs and their distance-dependent context through explicitly interpretable parameters. This makesHyperXPairmore than a decision-support tool; it is also a hypothesis-generating tool designed to advance knowledge in the field. We demonstrate the utility of our model by learning distance-dependent motif interactions for two biological problems: transcription initiation and RNA splicing.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in children < 2 years with bronchiolitis reveal a weak role played by the SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kenmoe Sebastien , Kengne-Nde Cyprien , Ebogo-Belobo Jean Thierry , Mbaga Donatien Serge , Modiyinji Abdou Fatawou , Njouom Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction The advent of genome amplification assays has allowed description of new respiratory viruses and to reconsider the role played by certain respiratory viruses in bronchiolitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was initiated to clarify the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with bronchiolitis in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic context.MethodsWe performed an electronic search through Pubmed and Global Index Medicus databases. We included observational studies reporting the detection rate of common respiratory viruses in children with bronchiolitis using molecular assays. Data was extracted and the quality of the included articles was assessed. We conducted sensitivity, subgroups, publication bias, and heterogeneity analyses using a random effect model.ResultsThe final meta-analysis included 51 studies. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) was largely the most commonly detected virus 59.2%; 95% CI [54.7; 63.6]). The second predominant virus was Rhinovirus (RV) 19.3%; 95% CI [16.7; 22.0]) followed by Human bocavirus (HBoV) 8.2%; 95% CI [5.7; 11.2]). Other reported viruses included Human Adenovirus (HAdV) 6.1%; 95% CI [4.4; 8.0]), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) 5.4%; 95% CI [4.4; 6.4]), Human Parainfluenzavirus (HPIV) 5.4%; 95% CI [3.8; 7.3]), Influenza 3.2%; 95% CI [2.2; 4.3], mild Human Coronavirus (HCoV) 2.9%; 95% CI [2.0; 4.0]), and Enterovirus (EV) 2.9%; 95% CI [1.6; 4.5]). HRSV was the predominant virus involved in multiple detection and most codetections were HRSV + RV 7.1%, 95% CI [4.6; 9.9]) and HRSV + HBoV 4.5%, 95% CI [2.4; 7.3]).ConclusionsThe present study has shown that HRSV is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children, we also have Rhinovirus, and Bocavirus which also play a significant role. No study has reported the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in children with bronchiolitis to date.
A Continuous Time Representation of smFRET for the Extraction of Rapid Kinetics
Authors: Kilic Zeliha , Sgouralis Ioannis , Heo Wooseok , Ishii Kunihiko , Tahara Tahei , Pressé Steve 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur goal is to learn kinetic rates from single molecule FRET (smFRET) data even if these exceed the data acquisition rate. To achieve this, we develop a variant of our recently proposedhidden Markov jump process(HMJP) with which we learn transition kinetics from parallel measurements in donor and acceptor channels. Our HMJP generalizes the hidden Markov model (HMM) paradigm in two critical ways: (1) it deals with physical smFRET systems as they switch between conformational states incontinuous time; (2) it estimates the transition rates between conformational states directly without having recourse to transition probabilities or assuming slow dynamics (as is necessary of the HMM). Our continuous time treatment learns transition kinetics and photon emission rates for dynamical regimes inaccessible to the HMM which treats system kinetics in discrete time. We validate the robustness of our framework on simulated data and demonstrate its performance on experimental data from FRET labeled Holliday junctions.
Blocking the Rac1-TRPC5 pathway protects human podocytes
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Kim Choah , Pablo Juan Lorenzo B. , Zhang Fan , Jung Ji Yong , Xiao Li , Bazua Silvana , Emani Maheswarareddy , Hopkins Corey , Weins Astrid , Greka Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPodocyte injury and the appearance of proteinuria are key features of several progressive kidney diseases. Genetic deletion or selective inhibition of TRPC5 channels with small-molecule inhibitors protects podocytes in rodent models of disease, but less is known about the human relevance and translatability of TRPC5 inhibition. Here, we investigate the effect of TRPC5 inhibition in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated human iPSC-derived podocytes and kidney organoids. We first established that systemic administration of the TRPC5-specific blocker AC1903 was sufficient to protect podocyte cytoskeletal proteins and suppress proteinuria in PAN-induced nephrosis in rats, an established model of podocyte injury and progressive kidney disease. PAN treatment also triggered the Rac1-TRPC5 injury pathway in human iPSC-derived podocytes and kidney organoids. TRPC5 current was recorded in human iPSC-derived podocytes, and was blocked by AC1903. The TRPC5 blocker also reversed the effects of PAN-induced injury in human podocytes in both 2D and 3D culture systems. Taken together, these results revealed the relevance of the TRPC5-Rac1 pathway in human kidney tissue highlighting the potential of this therapeutic strategy for patients.
Hyaluronan Synthesis Inhibition Impairs Antigen Presentation and Delays Transplantation Rejection
Authors: Marshall Payton L. , Nagy Nadine , Kaber Gernot , Barlow Graham L. , Ramesh Amrit , Xie Bryan J. , Linde Miles H. , Haddock Naomi L. , Lester Colin A. , Tran Quynh-Lam , de Vries Christiaan , Malkovskiy Andrey , Gurevich Irina , Martinez Hunter A. , Kuipers Hedwich F. , Yadava Koshika , Zhang Xiangyue , Evanko Stephen P. , Gebe John A. , Wang Xi , Vernon Robert B. , Hargil Aviv , de la Motte Carol , Wight Thomas N. , Engleman Edgar G. , Krams Sheri M. , Meyer Everett , Bollyky Paul L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA coat of pericellular hyaluronan surrounds mature dendritic cells (DC) and contributes to cell-cell interactions. We asked whether 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), an oral inhibitor of HA synthesis, could inhibit antigen presentation. We find that 4MU treatment reduces pericellular hyaluronan, destabilizes interactions between DC and T-cells, and prevents T-cell proliferationin vitroandin vivo. These effects were observed only when 4MU was added prior to initial antigen presentation but not later, consistent with 4MU-mediated inhibition ofde novoantigenic responses. Building on these findings, we find that 4MU delays rejection of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplant and allogeneic cardiac transplants in mice and suppresses allogeneic T-cell activation in human mixed lymphocyte reactions. We conclude that 4MU, an approved drug, may have benefit as an adjunctive agent to delay transplantation rejection.