bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Matters in the Receipt of Informal Care in Later Life: A Cross-National Comparison Across the USA, Korea, and China
Authors: Kwak Minyoung , Kim BoRin , Lee Hyunjoo , Zhang Jiaan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study compares patterns of gender difference in the receipt of informal care among community-dwelling older adults across the United States, Korea, and China. Data came from the 2014 HRS, the 2014 KLoSA, and the 2015 CHARLS. Logistic regression models were used to predict the receipt of informal care by gender. We also examined how the effects of health and living arrangement on the receipt of informal care differ depending on gender. In the United States and China, older women were more likely to receive informal care than men. However, older Korean women were less likely to receive informal care than men. The effects of health and living arrangement on the use of informal care were moderated by gender in different ways across countries. Discussions include implications for practice and policy to reduce the gender gap in the receipt of informal care.
Social Exclusion in Health and Social Services Offered to Minority Patients: Do Racialization and Racism Play Roles?
Authors: Torres Sandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cultural and ethnic differences stemming from migration are a source of social exclusion in old age. This topic is of concern in part because an increased migration flow coupled with growing anti-immigrants sentiments in much of the Western world can ignite social exclusion mechanisms even when unintended. Given these trends, we ask whether racism figures in research on ethno-cultural and racial older minorities. Thus, based on a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1998-2017 (n=336), this presentation asks if, and how, racialization and racism inform this research. In answering these questions, this presentation will argue that the role that racism plays as a social exclusion mechanism that affects older ethnic and racial minorities needs to be studied in a systematic fashion. Part of a symposium sponsored by the International Aging and Migration Interest Group.
Utilizing a Community-Based Partnership to Increase Health Promotion Among Rural Older Adults
Authors: Ford Cassandra , Crowther Martha , Barron Keri , Kelley Mary Ann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults living in rural communities often encounter health disparities related to chronic conditions and access to care. In an effort to address these disparities, a community-based program focused on health promotion and education was implemented with community dwelling, rural, African American older adults. We partnered with a local church to provide education regarding health promotion, chronic disease self-management, and support for senior group members (n=32). Program materials were accessed online in order to facilitate sustainability and potential program expansion. Key findings from a qualitative content analysis indicated the majority of participants reported improved engagement in chronic disease management and health promotion activities (i.e., following a healthy diet, monitoring blood pressure, taking medications as prescribed), incorporating health behaviors to prevent the development of co-morbid conditions, and increased client-provider communication. Implications for further research will be discussed and key elements of program implementation such as a continued partnership will be explored.
Advocacy Through Partnerships: Data, Demographics, and Decisions
Authors: Sisofo Briana , Asman Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Summit County Aging Alliance (SCAA) in Park City, Utah is representative of state government, county and city government(s), private citizens, land developers, Senior Center attendees, national and local associations, non-profit support organizations, home health agencies, colleges and universities, recreation centers, hospital administrators and area associations on aging. The focus of the Alliance has been to provide a forum for critical listening and discussion. Data from a survey to determine the ‘real’ needs and vision of the older adult community provided perspective from more than 100 older adults representing diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. This work is now providing a benchmark from which both the city and county governments in Summit County are creating their strategic plans, and the Alliance has become the official voice of the community’s older adults.
Ethnographic Methods, Music, and Aging
Authors: Couve Amanda , Kotarba Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Qualitative methods are proving to be important tools for studying the multi-faceted experience of living with aging, with a focus on the arts. Ethnographic methods are productive ways to discover and examine music in everyday life. Systematically studying the normal and often taken-for-granted ways aging adults experience music, in the full range of settings where they can be found, can abide by the first rule of translational science research: to design and conduct research in order to facilitate the efficient and timely development and application of clinical and caring interventions. This presentation will review a series of ethnographic studies of music experiences in residential facilities, dementia respite groups, family, and hospice. We will suggest ways to apply findings from these studies to enlighten volunteer hospice workers’ protocols for care.
Arts-Based Interventions for Dementia Care: East Meets West Symposium
Authors: Sun Fei , Duncan Angel , Hooyman Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This East Meets West symposium presents evidence of arts-based interventions in dementia care in different societal settings, focusing on the U.S.A. and China, where live about one-third of the world’s total estimated 49 million dementia population. The first study from Kansas in the U.S. outlined the varieties of arts being applied in dementia care and recommended dementia care, inter-professional teams, to involve those professionals in arts and humanities. The second paper, based upon secondary national representative data, examined the association with arts-related hobbies and cognition status among Chinese older adults. The authors called for more research to shed light on the underlying mechanisms between arts and cognition. The third paper discussed two arts-based clinical trials on persons with dementia (PWD) at different stages living in Hong Kong. It found that dancing body movement therapy improved behavioral and emotional outcomes among those at the mild dementia stage. In contrast, music and movement worked better for those at the moderate dementia stage. The fourth study reviewed the effectiveness of body movement therapies for PWD, using an example of the Wheelchair-bound Senior Elastic Band for older adults with disability and dementia. The last study examined the effectiveness of a program that used museum tours to empower, educate, and inspire PWD. One discussant will share lessons learned across studies, and the other discussant from AARP Global Council on Brain Health will speak to the effects of music relating to the AARP 2020 consensus report on music and the brain health.
Why Arts Matter to People and Families Living With Dementia: Interprofessional Health Humanities Collaboration
Authors: Kennedy Teri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This presentation will share examples of arts-based and creative interventions serving people and their families living with dementia representing evidence-based and promising practices in the United States. Such interventions offer effective non-pharmacological approaches to dementia care including use of the visual arts (e.g., drawings, paintings, sculpture) and performing arts (e.g., music, theatre); literature and writing including reminiscence, biographical approaches, and life story work; photography and Photovoice; and dance and movement as intervention modalities. Current evidence will be presented that demonstrates the effectiveness of arts-based interventions as a form of psycho-social and self-care to alleviate the effects of dementia and enhance the quality of life. Recommendations for future research will be discussed. Strategies will be proposed to develop interprofessional health humanities networks between universities, healthcare systems, libraries, museums, and the arts community to collaborate on the creation of arts-based programs in communities currently without the benefit of such programs.
The Relation Between Cognition and Interests in Arts Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Li Xia , Fang Yuan , Qiu Qi , Qian Shixing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between arts related interests and cognition among older Chinese. Data were drawn from 3,243 participants (Mage=71.1, SD=7.8) in the China Longitudinal Aging Study collected in 2011. About 54.4% were female, the average education was eighth grade, 560 interested in music, 86 interested in drawing, and 69 interested in both. Those interested in music or drawing were more likely to enjoy tea and exercise like Taichi, and less likely to smoke or drink (p &lt; 0.01). Those interested in both reported best cognitive function, and those interested in music or drawing had better cognitive function than those without these interests (p&lt; 0.01). However, the difference in cognition between those interested in music and those without diminished after education was controlled. The effect of arts hobbies in cognition among older Chinese remains to be further examined within the context of education and associated lifestyle factors.
Longitudinal Engagement in Modifiable Lifestyle Behaviors and Dementia Risk
Authors: Wong Roger 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dementia is a major public health threat as there are currently no definitive methods to prevent, treat, and cure the disorder. Recent efforts have focused on modifiable lifestyle behaviors to reduce dementia risk. Yet, the majority of these studies have utilized cross-sectional data or are limited to specific geographic areas. The purpose of this study was to explore how longitudinal engagement in modifiable lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, smoking, and social contacts) influence dementia risk. This study analyzed eight annual waves (2011-2018) of prospective data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a large nationally representative U.S. sample of older adults. Each wave, physical activity was measured as engagement in vigorous physical activities; smoking was measured as current engagement in cigarette smoking; and social contacts was measured as visiting friends/family outside of their home. The dependent variable was number of years to a new dementia diagnosis. Multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model with survey sampling weights applied for a national sample of 6,800 community-dwelling older adults dementia-free at baseline. After controlling for sociodemographics (age, sex, race, etc.) and health (physical health, chronic disease, etc.), longitudinal engagement in physical activity significantly decreased dementia risk (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.60, p&lt;.05), however, there was no significant relationship with smoking (HR=1.12, p=.58) and social contacts (1.06, p=.83). Our findings indicate physical activity is a promising modifiable lifestyle behavior for prevention. Future research should explore physical activity interventions that are most effective in reducing dementia risk, such as strength-based or aerobic-based activities.
Caregiver-Centered Communication: A New Tool for Assessment of the Quality of Communication With Family Caregivers
Authors: Demiris George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Improved communication with caregivers can lead to reduced caregiver anxiety and burden, improved quality of life, and better coping during a stressful time. Even though caregiver communication with the health care team is essential in gerontology, we are lacking standardized instruments to assess quality of communication. We describe the initial development and testing of the Caregiver Centered Communication Questionnaire (CCCQ). The questionnaire has 30 items with 5 subscales: exchange of information, fostering health relationships with team/provider, recognizing and responding to emotions, managing care and decision making. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 115 family caregivers of older adults in home care and hospice. Cronbach’s α for the scale was 0.97. Internal consistencies of subscales were high, ranging from 0.82 to 0.93. Preliminary testing indicates the potential of CCCQ in assessing engagement and quality of communication; further testing is required.
Caregiving Together: The Relationship Between Paid and Family Caregivers in the Home
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer , Stone Robyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family caregivers provide the lion’s share of care that allows older adults with functional impairment to remain living at home. Yet as care needs grow, many older adults and their families turn to paid caregivers (e.g. home health aides, personal care attendants, and other direct care workers) to provide additional support. While evidence suggests that paid and family caregivers work together to provide increasingly complex care at home, research that describes this important collaboration is limited. In this symposium, we present innovative and interdisciplinary research that highlights the overlap between family caregiving and long-term care workforce research. We begin by presenting two studies that focus on populations where paid caregivers may have outsized impact on family caregivers: Reckrey et al report that receipt of 20+ hours of paid caregiving per week was associated with less caregiver strain among family caregivers of those with advanced dementia and Falzarano et al report that home care hours mediated the association between caregiver stressors and negative effects of caregiving among long-distance family caregivers. Franzosa et al then describe home health aides’ perceptions of relationship dynamics as aides and family members negotiate care tasks in the home. Finally, Gallopyn et al explore scenarios where paid and family caregiver roles blur (e.g., family caregivers receiving payment for providing care, paid caregivers with extensive experience as family caregivers). Taken together, these studies describe critical ways paid and family caregiver experiences are intertwined and highlight the importance of ongoing research about this collaboration.
Mechanisms of Cardiometabolic Disparities: Stressor Characteristics Linked to HPA-Axis Dysregulation
Authors: Allen Julie Ober , Mezuk Briana , Ko Tomohiro , Rafferty Jane , Abelson Jamie , Kalesnikava Viktoryia , Jackson James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diurnal cortisol slopes are stress-sensitive HPA-axis biomarkers implicated in cardiometabolic health outcomes and disparities. This study used two longitudinal cohort studies (CREATE and TRIAD) with harmonized variables to comprehensively examine what types of exposure to stressors are most salient for cortisol dysregulation in later life, and whether the characteristics of stressor exposure accounts for Black-White disparities in cortisol dysregulation (merged sample N=209, 65% male, mean age 61, 17% Black). Black participants reported greater stressor exposure than Whites along some dimensions (e.g., # recent major stressors, appraised severity of lifetime stressors, all p&lt;.02) but comparable exposure in others (e.g., # of lifetime stressors and life domains). Stressor exposure measures that captured psychological components (i.e., appraised severity, psychological distress) and pervasiveness (i.e., # life domains with major stressors) were more closely related to cortisol dysregulation than more objective measures (e.g., # of recent /lifetime stressors). Everyday discrimination was associated with racial disparities.
Contextual and Social Characteristics Relevant to Health and Well-Being in African American and White Adult Populations
Authors: Sardina Angela , Aiken-Morgan Adrienne , Gamaldo Alyssa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the burgeoning older adult population, there will be an increased demand for neighborhood and housing developments conducive to the interests and needs of older adults from diverse backgrounds of varying health and functional status. Several initiatives have sought to develop age-friendly neighborhoods, which focused on improving access and affordability of community resources. However, limited effort has focused on physical and social attributes of immediate housing environments, particularly amongst lower-income older adults. The need for affordable and usable housing developments for older adults that provide greater opportunities for social engagement, social services, and convenience to neighborhood resources (e.g., grocery stores, healthcare) will continue to rise. The objectives of the proposed symposium are the following: (1) to explore the physical and social attributes of older and low-income residents’ housing and their surrounding community; and (2) discuss how older and low-income residents’ housing and community resources relates to their health and well-being. This symposium will include presentations from three pilot investigations that highlight relevant subjective and objective contextual metrics related to health and well-being in underserved older populations. Tan and colleagues explored the role of well-being (i.e., purpose in life) in the relationships among sociodemographics, health, housing and community resources. Sardina and colleagues explored perceived leisure barriers and their relationship to sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial characteristics. Aiken-Morgan and colleagues examined associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and health status among low-income African American older adults. Wright and colleagues explored associations between neighborhood disadvantage, brain health, and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults.
Discrimination and Social Isolation Among African Americans Across the Lifespan
Authors: Nguyen Ann , Taylor Harry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social isolation is associated with a wide range of health problems, including early mortality. However, little is known about the risk factors for social isolation specifically among African Americans. This study examined 1) the associations between discrimination and objective and subjective social isolation and 2) how these associations vary by age in a nationally representative sample of African American adults from the National Survey of American Life (N=3570). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that discrimination was positively associated with being subjectively isolated from friends only and family only. Discrimination did not predict objective isolation. A significant interaction revealed that the association between discrimination and subjective isolation from friends only varied by age, with older adults being most vulnerable to the effects of discrimination. These findings argue for a more nuanced and systematic investigation of the detrimental effects of discrimination on older African Americans’ social relationships, especially perceptions of relationships.
Older Couples Coping With Adverse Life Events: The Importance of Dyadic Personality Profiles
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Personality can be an important resource as older couples cope with adverse life events. Analyzing 4,893 older couples from the Health and Retirement Study, this study examined how one’s own and spouse’s adverse life events (health decline, job exit, loss of wealth, family member’s death) occurring in the past two years are associated with changes in depressive symptoms. We further examined the moderating effects for this association of six dyadic personality profiles (combinations of spouses’ positive and negative personality characteristics). We found significant actor and partner effects of health decline for increases in both spouses’ depressive symptoms, and significant actor effects of a family death for husbands’ increased depressive symptoms. For wives, having positive personality profiles buffered negative effects of one’s own health decline and spouses’ family death, whereas having negative profiles intensified negative effects of husbands’ job exit and loss of wealth on the depressive symptoms for both spouses.
Screening for Cognitive Function in Primary Care
Authors: Cortes Tara , Seidel Liz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive program for early detection and treatment of Alzheimer’s and related dementias requires a systematic process for provider education, assessment of cognitive function and referral to appropriate resources when indicated. This discussion will focus on the implementation of cognitive screening into primary care. Over 200 staff across 11 primary care sites were trained on screening for dementia in the annual wellness visit. In the following 6 months nearly 2000 annual wellness visits were conducted. The annual wellness visit was designed to include a cognitive screen. 83% of the patients were asked the cognitive screen questions and 13% responded “yes” to the question. Further testing was offered to that group and 71% of those who had responded “yes” agreed to be tested with a picture memory screen. 32% scored less than 5 on that screen and were referred to gero-psychiatry, geriatricians and community based organizations for caregiver support services.
Expanding Housing With Services in the United States: The Case of the Right Care, Right Place, Right Time Program
Authors: Miller Edward , Nadash Pamela , Simpson Elizabeth , Cohen Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older people living in congregate environments are obvious beneficiaries of supportive services. The potential for prevention is clear, particularly among low-income elders living in subsidized housing; it is this group that is at high risk for significant healthcare and other costs, and it is this group that suffers considerably from a fragmented healthcare system. The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate the potential of housing with services, drawing from evaluation of The Right Care, Right Place, Right Time (R3) initiative (R3) located in the Greater Boston area. The R3 program consists of two on-site wellness teams, including a wellness nurse and wellness coordinator. Each team is responsible for about 200 participants across two housing sites. Evaluation findings highlight the potential of housing with services for improving the health, quality of life, and access to health-related services and supports among seniors living independently in affordable housing, while reducing healthcare costs.