bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring center quality, proper patient selection and fair access to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: position statement of the Austrian CAR-T Cell Network
Authors: Greinix Hildegard T. , Attarbaschi Andishe , Girschikofsky Michael , Greil Richard , Holter Wolfgang , Neumeister Peter , Peters Christina , Petzer Andreas , Rudzki Jakob , Schlenke Peter , Schmitt Clemens A. , Schwinger Wolfgang , Wolf Dominik , Worel Nina , Jaeger Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are a novel form of cellular immunotherapy for patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies. Known side effects of these approved cellular immunotherapies are cytokine release syndrome, immune-cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome, cytopenias, infections and long-lasting B cell aplasia. Safe administration of CAR-T cell therapy requires thorough patient selection and patient care in qualified CAR-T cell centers.
Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments
Authors: Sarmiento Juan Pablo , Torres-Muñoz Ana María 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses generated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels. The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategy and follows the case study research approach. We analyze the 2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities’ informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations. We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected, using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides. We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis: (1) voluntary collective insurance; (2) structural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insurance; and (3) hybrid parametric insurance. Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk management. Here, due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings, the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries’ quality of life and the reduction of the built environment’s physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms. Our study proposes a prospective estimation of future risk despite the limitations of data availability. This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.
Laser powder bed fusion of 30CrNiMo8 steel for quenching and tempering: examination of the processability and mechanical properties
Authors: Zumofen Livia , Kirchheim Andreas , Dennig Hans-Jörg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe layer-by-layer principle of additive manufacturing technology laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) opens up completely new possibilities in the design and manufacturing of lightweight and efficient gear components. For example, integration of contour conform cooling and lubrication channels into gear components can increase their service life and reduce lubricant consumption. Steels for quenching and tempering and case hardening steels are commonly used materials for gear components. However, the availability of these alloys for LPBF processing is still limited. In particular, the 30CrNiMo8 steel for quenching and tempering is frequently used for gear wheels. This specific alloy is largely unknown regarding LPBF processing and remains challenging, because of its susceptibility to cracking and the high temperature gradients that occur during the LPBF process. Therefore, this study focuses on the LPBF processing of 30CrNiMo8 powder material including process parameter evaluation and material characterization. Additionally, effects of the heat treatment on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Within this study the 30CrNiMo8 has been processed successfully with a density of well above 99.5% leading to promising mechanical properties. A more homogenous microstructure has been achieved with quenching and tempering, compared to the as-build state.
Integrated watershed revitalization: the experience of the Mersey Basin Campaign
Authors: Kim Joon Sik , Batey Peter W. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe collaborative partnership approach has been used extensively in the practice of integrated river basin management across the world for at least the last two decades. This is despite the fact that there has been widespread acknowledgement that partnership working has operational difficulties, especially in the face of political inequality in a real-life context. This paper draws on the results of a research project investigating a concrete example of collaborative partnerships, the Mersey Basin Campaign, a government-sponsored 25-year initiative that aimed to improve water quality and the waterside environments of the Mersey River Basin. This research explores how the Campaign came to be formed, how it was organized and how partnership projects were implemented. The mechanism of the partnership service delivery is developed under three headings: consensus building, facilitation and open participation. The analysis of the results shows that governance and leadership partnership arrangements, which have evolved over time to reflect changing political and institutional environments, are critical for the implementation of watershed partnerships. The results from revisiting the practice of the Mersey Basin Campaign should be of assistance to planners to improve governance of watershed partnerships.
Costume Play and Young Adults’ Socio-Economic Insertion Pathways in Japan
Authors: Truong Alexis H. , Gaudet Stéphanie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article shows how young adults’ cultural practices in Japan have become a social trajectory whose study is essential to understanding the life journeys of youths. Costume play, orkosupure, is a form of popular culture mediation that facilitates young people’s social integration and fosters their sense of belonging. Studying these practices helps to better understand and define the changing importance of leisure in Japan in young people’s lives, in particular since the collapse of the economic bubble. Based on life stories and participant observation, we analyze the interweaving of these leisure practices and life courses. Our analysis helps to understand the symbolic and social roles of these activities in practitioners’ lives in the form of three pathway types. On the professional path, young people’s cultural practices open doors to employment. On the enchanted path, kosupure practices function above all in “response” to a society perceived by some young adults as “conformist”. On the contingency path, these practices facilitate social insertion. To conclude, we discuss these practices as cultural mediation tools that support young people’s cultural citizenship.
Young adolescents’ responsiveness to sexual communication with their mother: Distinguishing diverse intentions
Authors: Sears Heather A. , Robinson Brett S. , Byers E. Sandra 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is unlikely that parents can have effective sexuality discussions with their adolescent if the adolescent is not responsive to their efforts. We evaluated young adolescents’ intentions of being responsive to sexual communication with their mother and whether youths who were likely, ambivalent, or unlikely to be responsive differed on their characteristics, features of previous sexual communication, and features of the mother‐adolescent relationship.MethodsParticipants were 259 Canadian adolescents (12–14 years; 53% girls) who received and returned a survey by mail. They completed measures of responsiveness intentions, expected outcomes of sexual communication, extent of past sexual communication, the frequency with which mothers encouraged questions and provided information about sexuality topics, open communication, and mothers’ provision of warmth, structure, and autonomy support.ResultsWe found that 37% of adolescents were likely to be responsive to sexual communication with their mother, 34% were ambivalent, and 29% were unlikely to be responsive. Youths’ responsiveness intentions were general rather than topic‐specific. A discriminant analysis showed that only features of previous sexual communication separated all three groups whereas specific mother‐adolescent relationship features (open communication and structure) and one adolescent characteristic (expected outcomes) separated the unlikely group from the other groups.ConclusionsYoung adolescents' intentions of being responsive to sexual communication from their mother are diverse yet general in nature. Mothers' engagement in sexual communication appears essential for youths' openness to these discussions. Enhancing specific mother‐adolescent relationship features and youths’ outcome expectations may shift adolescents who are resistant to sexuality discussions to being more sure.
Peer‐relationship patterns and their association with types of child abuse and adolescent risk behaviors among youth at‐risk of maltreatment
Authors: Yoon Dalhee 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study investigates underlying patterns of peer relationships using diverse concepts (i.e., peer dynamics, peer popularity, and deviant peer affiliation). It also examines whether the patterns of peer relationships differ by type of child abuse, as well as the association between peer relationships and adolescent risk behaviors.MethodsThis study included a sample of 659 youth (328 boys, 331 girls) at‐risk of maltreatment, primarily low‐income and living in the U.S. Peer dynamics were assessed using five separate components (self‐report). Peer popularity was measured using teacher's estimation of child's peer status. Deviant peer affiliation was assessed using a modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior and Monitoring the Future Survey. Each type of abuse was assessed at age 12 using a self‐report method. Self‐reported adolescent sexual risk behaviors and substance use were assessed at age 16.ResultsLatent class analysis identified 4 distinct patterns: 1) Friendly, with prosocial peer groups (10.2%); 2) Socially ignored, with prosocial peer groups (55.2%); 3) Severely antisocial peer groups (6.8%); and 4) Moderately antisocial peer groups (27.8%). Among all types of child abuse, emotionally abused youth were more likely to be involved in severely antisocial peer groups. Additionally, youth in the severely antisocial peer groups were more likely to exhibit adolescent risk behaviors.ConclusionsThese findings argue clearly for the need to gain a deeper understanding of the role played by peer relationships, and of the effect of emotional abuse on the likelihood of membership in severely antisocial peer groups.
Physical health trajectories of young people commenced on clozapine
Authors: O’Donoghue B. , Mujanovic A. , Young S. , Bridson T. , Mora L. , Bismark M. , Cocks J. , Siskind D. , McGorry P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectives:Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication, but it has the highest propensity for metabolic side effects. A clozapine clinic was established within an early intervention for psychosis service to facilitate the timely commencement of clozapine and to manage the associated adverse effects. This study describes the changes in the weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure after 6 months in young people commenced on clozapine.Method:This was a prospective cohort study of all young people, aged 15–24 years, commenced on clozapine within an early intervention service in Melbourne, Australia, between 01.04.2016 and 30.06.2018. Continuous data were analyzed with pairedt-test and categorical with Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:Twenty-six young people received 6 months of treatment with clozapine, of whom the mean age was 19.8 years (s.d.±3.1) and 66.7% were male. After 6 months, the mean weight gain was 5.1 kg (s.d.±10.1 kg) and over half (53.8%) gained clinically significant weight. The proportion of young people classified as either overweight or obese rose from 69.2% to 88.5% (p= 0.006). The proportion of young people with a waist circumference above the recommended parameters increased from 57.9% to 78.9% (p= 0.008). Hypertension was present in 30%, and after 6 months, 45% had hypertension (p= 0.64). Metformin was prescribed to 34.6%, typically to those with the greatest and most rapid weight gain.Conclusion:Among young people with treatment resistant psychosis, clozapine is associated with significant metabolic side effects in the early stages of commencement. More interventions aimed at attenuating this weight gain are needed.
Resistive accretion flows around a Kerr black hole
Authors: Shaghaghian M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present the stationary axisymmetric configuration of a resistive magnetised thick accretion disc in the vicinity of external gravity and intrinsic dipolar magnetic field of a slowly rotating black hole. The plasma is described by the equations of fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) along with the Ohm’s law and in the absence of the effects of radiation fields. We try to solve these two-dimensional MHD equations analytically as much as possible. However, we sometimes inevitably refer to numerical methods as well. To fully understand the relativistic geometrically thick accretion disc structure, we consider all three components of the fluid velocity to be non-zero. This implies that the magnetofluid can flow in all three directions surrounding the central black hole. As we get radially closer to the hole, the fluid flows faster in all those directions. However, as we move towards the equator along the meridional direction, the radial inflow becomes stronger from both the speed and the mass accretion rate points of view. Nonetheless, the vertical (meridional) speed and the rotation of the plasma disc become slower in that direction. Due to the presence of pressure gradient forces, a sub-Keplerian angular momentum distribution throughout the thick disc is expected as well. To get a concise analytical form of the rate of accretion, we assume that the radial dependency of radial and meridional fluid velocities is the same. This simplifying assumption leads to radial independency of mass accretion rate. The motion of the accreting plasma produces an azimuthal current whose strength is specified based on the strength of the external dipolar magnetic field. This current generates a poloidal magnetic field in the disc which is continuous across the disc boundary surface due to the presence of the finite resistivity for the plasma. The gas in the disc is vertically supported not only by the gas pressure but also by the magnetic pressure.
Kato–Matsumoto-type results for disentanglements
Authors: Peñafort Sanchis G. , Zach M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the possible disentanglements of holomorphic map germs f: (ℂn, 0) → (ℂN, 0), 0 < n < N, with nonisolated locus of instability Inst (f). The aim is to achieve lower bounds for their (homological) connectivity in terms of dim Inst (f). Our methods apply in the case of corank 1.
On the non-divisorial base locus of big and nef line bundles on K3[2]-type varieties
Authors: Rieß Ulrike 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe approach non-divisorial base loci of big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties. While for K3 surfaces, only divisorial base loci can occur, nothing was known about the behaviour of non-divisorial base loci for more general irreducible symplectic varieties. We determine the base loci of all big and nef line bundles on the Hilbert scheme of two points on very general K3 surfaces of genus two and on their birational models. Remarkably, we find an ample line bundle with a non-trivial base locus in codimension two. We deduce that, generically in the moduli spaces of polarized K3[2]-type varieties, the polarization is base point free.
On theL∞-maximization of the solution of Poisson's equation: Brezis–Gallouet–Wainger type inequalities and applications
Authors: Harutyunyan Davit , Mikayelyan Hayk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor the solution of the Poisson problem with anL∞right hand side\begin{cases} -\Delta u(x) = f (x) & {\rm in}\ D, \\ u=0 & {\rm on}\ \partial D \end{cases}we derive an optimal estimate of the form\|u\|_\infty\leq \|f\|_\infty \sigma_D(\|f\|_1/\|f\|_\infty),where σDis a modulus of continuity defined in the interval [0, |D|] and depends only on the domainD. The inequality is optimal for any domainDand for any values of$\|f\|_1$and$\|f\|_\infty .$We also show that\sigma_D(t)\leq\sigma_B(t),\text{ for }t\in[0,|D|],whereBis a ball and |B| = |D|. Using this optimality property of σD, we derive Brezis–Galloute–Wainger type inequalities on theL∞norm ofuin terms of theL1andL∞norms off. As an application we deriveL∞−L1estimates on thek-th Laplace eigenfunction of the domainD.
Optimising the follow-up of adult coeliac disease with a clinical-based score to identify patients in need of a histological reassessment: a retrospective single centre study
Authors: Harder Gaia , Schiepatti Annalisa , Biagi Federico , Borrelli de Andreis Federica , Agazzi Simona , Gabrielli Gian Marco , Klersy Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFollow-up modalities for adult coeliac patients remain controversial. Non-invasive markers to identify coeliac patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) with persistence of villous atrophy (VA) are still lacking. We aim to develop a score to stratify coeliac patients on a GFD according to their risk of having persistent VA and to tailor follow-up modalities accordingly. The clinical notes of over 700 coeliac patients attending our unit (September 1999–November 2018) were retrospectively examined. A total of 273 patients on a GFD with a histological follow-up performed 12–24 months after diagnosis were selected. We developed a bivariable model based on diet adherence and clinical response evaluated by previously validated methods. A four-level score (0·5, 1·5, 3, 4) was obtained. Patients on a strict GFD and with good clinical conditions (score 4) have a very low risk of persistence of VA (2 (95 % CI 1, 5) %). Conversely, the risk is very high (46 (95 % CI 25, 68) %) in patients with poor adherence to a GFD and unsatisfactory clinical response (score 0·5). A score of 1·5 (poor GFD adherence and persistent well-being) is linked with a high risk (23 (95 % CI 14, 36) %). Risk is intermediate (6 (95 % CI 3, 10) %) in patients scoring 3 (strict GFD and no/partial clinical improvement). Three patients who developed complications belonged to this scenario. Patients at low risk of persistent VA can be followed-up non-invasively, whereas a biopsy should be repeated in those at high/very high risk. Case-by-case evaluation is needed in patients at intermediate risk. Studies on a larger sample size are required to confirm these data.
Urine metabolome alterations in malnutrition and the impact of glycerol or rumen-protected choline chloride supplementation in advanced pregnant ewes
Authors: Guo Changzheng , Xue Yanfeng , Yin Yuyang , Xuan Haipeng , Hu Fan , Mao Shengyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the metabolic profiles of pregnancy malnutrition induced by feed restriction (FR) and the counteracting effects of glycerol and rumen-protected choline chloride supplementation. Two feeding trials were conducted. In the first experiment, twenty pregnant Hu sheep carrying multiple fetuses with a gestation period of 108 d were randomly divided into two groups. The ewes in the control (CON) group were offered 100 % of their nutritional requirements as recommended by the National Research Council (NRC), while the FR group was offered 30 % of feed intake of CON for 15 d. In the second experiment, eighteen pregnant Hu sheep were offered a feed intake comprising 30 % of the NRC-recommended nutritional requirements twice daily. The sheep were randomly divided into three groups: the FR group in the second experiment (FR2), with no supplementation, the glycerol (GLY) group, which received 40 ml of glycerol per d, and the rumen-protected choline chloride (RPC) group, which received 10 g of rumen-protected choline chloride per d for 9 d. In the first experiment, the urine metabolome of sixteen ewes showed significant difference between the CON group and FR group. Compared with the CON group, FR decreased the level of d-glucose, lactic acid, levoglucosan, α-ketoglutarate, phosphohydroxypyruvic acid, glucose 6-phosphate and the methyl donors, while increasing the level of pyruvate, fumaric acid and carnitines in urine. Both the GLY and RPC treatments counteracted some of these changes and modulated the urine metabolome in advanced pregnant ewes suffering from malnutrition.
Reproductive efficiency in the developing world
Authors: Ross John , Jain Anrudh K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a measure of reproductive losses starting from conception to age 15 as an assessment of childbearing ‘efficiency’. It is suggested that losses are due to miscarriages, abortions, stillbirths and deaths to age 15. Data were drawn from various sources for seven regions embracing 129 developing countries. Mortality is an important loss in severely disadvantaged regions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, but the abortion rates are lower there. This is reversed in the more advanced regions, where mortality is low but abortion rates are higher. Total losses numerically depend upon the rates in combination with the numbers of conceptions. The general ‘efficiency’ in moving from conception to a surviving child aged 15 was estimated. The abortion component of wastage has apparently not improved over time, but the mortality component has done so. Abortion rates are found to drive reproductive efficiency downwards; but efficiency is positively correlated with contraceptive use once abortion is controlled for. This implies that as efficiency is improved more couples gain confidence to turn to contraceptive use to avoid unplanned pregnancies and births.
Cabo Verde and the MCA foreign aid programme
Authors: Resende-Santos João 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 2005, Cabo Verde became the second African country to receive the new foreign aid programme of the USA, the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA). It was among the few recipients of a second grant. Foreign aid has always been a controversial and hotly contested issue, and the MCA is no exception. This paper, based partly on personal experience with the programme, provides a critical examination of the nature, process and implementation of the MCA grants in Cabo Verde. The country had campaigned aggressively for the grants. The MCA not only financed important public investments, it was debt-free and without conditionalities. However, even while it allowed more leeway over its use and implementation compared with other aid programmes, it engendered its own challenges.
Biometric identification technologies and the Ghanaian ‘data revolution’
Authors: Thiel Alena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the global effort to strengthen national identification systems (SDG 16.9), biometric identification technologies and civil registration systems have been associated with different motives and applications, thus fuelling their competition for public attention and resources. The case of Ghana illustrates how these alternative systems, along with further sources of personal data, have recently been integrated into the larger political vision of a centralised, national population data system. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the paper traces the difficulties and institutional negotiations that accompany this integration into a centralised population data infrastructure. Acknowledging how sets of actors, infrastructures and power relations are layered onto each other to unintended effects, the article describes the historical process of institutional and infrastructural harmonisation in the production of biometric population registers in Ghana.