bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validity of docetaxel triplet trials in advanced gastric cancer: are there patients who still benefit?
Authors: Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto , Martínez de Castro Eva , Custodio Ana , Pericay Pijaume Carles , Hernandez Raquel , Aguado Gema , Castro Unanua Natalia , Cano Juana María , López Flora , Garrido Marcelo , Fernández Montes Ana , Visa Laura , Sánchez Cánovas Manuel , Limón María Luisa , Martínez Lago Nieves , Pimentel Paola , Hurtado Alicia , Azkárate Aitor , Longo Federico , Diez Marc , Arias-Martinez Aranzazu , Sauri Tamara , Martín Carnicero Alfonso , Mangas Monserrat , Martín Richard Marta , Granja Mónica , Ramchandani Avinash , Hernández Pérez Carolina , Cerdá Paula , Gil-Negrete Aitziber , Calvo Mariona , Vidal Tocino Rosario , Gallego Javier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of our study was to develop an online calculator to estimate the effect of docetaxel triplets (DPF) in first line of advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and to assess the external validity of docetaxel trials in individual patients.

Methods
The study includes patients with HER2(-) AGC treated with platin and fluoropyrimidine (PF) or with DPF in first line. Treatment effect and interactions were assessed using Bayesian accelerated failure time models.

Result
The series comprises 1376 patients; 238 treated with DPF and 1138 with PF between 2008 and 2019. DPF was associated with increased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with time ratio (TR) 1.27 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1.15–1.40), and TR 1.19 (95% CrI, 1.09–1.27), respectively. Serious adverse events were more common with DPF, particularly hematological effects (32% vs 22%). Younger participants received greater DPF dose density without achieving greater disease control, while severe toxicity was likewise higher. DPF yielded superior OS in Lauren intestinal (TR 1.27, 95% CrI, 1.08–1.11) vs diffuse subtype (TR 1.17, 95% CrI, 1.09–1.24) and the probability of increasing OS > 15% was 90% vs 67% in each subtype, respectively. The effect dwindles over time, which can be attributed to pathological changes and clinical practice changes.

Conclusion
Our study confirms the effect of DPF is highly dependent on several clinical–pathological variables, with discreet and gradually declining benefit over platinum doublets in later years, at the expense of increased toxicity. These results may help to underpin the idea that external validity of AGC trials should be revised regularly.
Assessment of global wave models on regular and unstructured grids using the Unresolved Obstacles Source Term
Authors: Mentaschi Lorenzo , Vousdoukas Michalis , Montblanc Tomas Fernandez , Kakoulaki Georgia , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Besio Giovanni , Salamon Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Unresolved Obstacles Source Term (UOST) is a general methodology for parameterizing the dissipative effects of subscale islands, cliffs, and other unresolved features in ocean wave models. Since it separates the dissipation from the energy advection scheme, it can be applied to any numerical scheme or any type of mesh. UOST is now part of the official release of WAVEWATCH III, and the freely available package alphaBetaLab automates the estimation of the parameters needed for the obstructed cells. In this contribution, an assessment of global regular and unstructured (triangular) wave models employing UOST is presented. The results in regular meshes show an improvement in model skill, both in terms of spectrum and of integrated parameters, thanks to the UOST modulation of the dissipation with wave direction, and to considering the cell geometry. The improvement is clear in wide areas characterized by the presence of islands, like the whole central-western Pacific Basin. In unstructured meshes, the use of UOST removes the need of high resolution in proximity of all small features, leading to (a) a simplification in the development process of large scale and global meshes, and (b) a significant decrease of the computational demand of accurate large-scale models.
Assessing poverty persistence in households with children
Authors: Fabrizi Enrico , Mussida Chiara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe analysis of poverty persistence received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper we explore the role of the adopted poverty measure in the analysis of its persistence. Specifically, we consider three measures: the risk of poverty, the severe material deprivation and subjective poverty, motivated by the understanding of poverty as a complex phenomenon and for which no single measure can effectively capture its several dimensions. The empirical analysis is based on the 2013-2016 longitudinal sample of the EU-SILC survey. We focus on Italian households with dependent children. We apply a correlated random effects probit models with endogenous initial conditions to assess genuine state dependence after controlling for structural household characteristics and variables related to participation in the labour market. A strong state dependence emerges, regardless of the considered poverty measure thus providing evidence of poverty and social exclusion persistence. We also find evidence of relevance of initial conditions for all measures in focus. Nonetheless, structural household characteristics and household level economic variables play roles that are often different in the three parallel models; these differences are consistent with the aims and nature of the alternative measures.
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of genetically different wheat dwarf virus isolates
Authors: Trzmiel Katarzyna , Hasiów-Jaroszewska Beata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWheat dwarf virus (WDV) is considered as one of the most common viruses on cereal crops. Recently, severe outbreaks of WDV have been observed especially on winter wheat in southwestern part of Poland. Moreover, the presence of genetically different WDV-barley-specific and WDV-wheat-specific forms (WDV-B and WDV-W, respectively) was confirmed. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) was developed for the first time for efficient and rapid detection of WDV-B and WDV-W in infected plants. The reaction was performed using a set of three primer pairs: WDVF3/WDVB3, WDVFIB/WDVBIP and WDVLoopF/WDVLoopB specific for coat protein coding sequence. The amplified products were analyzed by direct staining of DNA, gel electrophoresis and real-time monitoring of the amplification curves. The sensitivity of optimized reaction was tenfold higher in comparison with conventional PCR. LAMP assay developed here is a useful and practical method for the rapid detection of different WDV isolates and can be implemented by phytosanitary services.
Melanoma brain metastases have lower T-cell content and microvessel density compared to matched extracranial metastases
Authors: Weiss Sarah A. , Zito Christopher , Tran Thuy , Heishima Kazuki , Neumeister Veronique , McGuire John , Adeniran Adebowale , Kluger Harriet , Jilaveanu Lucia B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Although melanoma brain metastases (MBM) tend to respond to systemic therapy concordantly with extracranial metastases, little is known about differences in immune cell and vascular content between the brain and other metastatic sites. Here we studied infiltrating immune cell subsets and microvessel density (MVD) in paired intracerebral and extracerebral melanoma metastases.

Methods
Paired intracerebral and extracerebral tumor tissue was obtained from 37 patients with metastatic melanoma who underwent craniotomy between 1997 and 2014. A tissue microarray was constructed to quantify subsets of tumor-infiltrating T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage content, PD-L1 expression, and MVD using quantitative immunofluorescence.

Results
MBM had lower CD3+ (p = 0.01) and CD4+ (p = 0.003) T-cell content, lower MVD (p = 0.006), and a trend for lower CD8+ (p = 0.17) T-cell content compared to matched extracerebral metastases. There were no significant differences in CD20+ B-cell or CD68+ macrophage content, or tumor or stroma PD-L1 expression. Low MVD (p = 0.008) and high CD68+ macrophage density (p = 0.04) in intracerebral metastases were associated with improved 1-year survival from time of first MBM diagnosis.

Conclusions
Although responses to immune-modulating drugs in the body and the brain tend to be concordant, differences were found in MVD and T-cell content between these sites. Studies of these markers should be incorporated into prospective therapeutic clinical trials to determine their prognostic and predictive value.
Surface Roughness Evolution to Identify Incubation Time for Hot Corrosion of Nickel-Base Superalloys: CMSX-4, CM247LC DS and IN6203DS at 550 °C
Authors: Chapman Neil , Gray Simon , Sumner Joy , Nicholls John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the absence of protective scales, nickel-base superalloys have an extremely limited hot corrosion incubation period before increased rates of attack are experienced. This paper reports on the nickel-base superalloys: CMSX-4, CM247LC DS and IN6203DS subjected to 550 °C hot corrosion exposures of durations ranging from 0 to 800 h, during which none of the superalloys developed a fully protective scale. The aim of the research was to identify the incubation period of each superalloy and this was achieved by means of surface roughness evaluations. A metrology exercise was performed on the cross section of test specimens which produced Cartesian data points which were subsequently converted to Ra and Rz data. Statistical analysis of the results suggested the incubation period lasted approximately 400, 500 and 200 h, respectively, for each superalloy. It was concluded that refractory metal phases within the microstructure were associated with the relatively short IN6203DS incubation period. This paper demonstrates that monitoring the changes in surface roughness provides a plausible method to identify the transition from incubation to propagation when studying 550 °C hot corrosion attack.
The dynamical renaissance in neuroscience
Authors: Favela Luis H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough there is a substantial philosophical literature on dynamical systems theory in the cognitive sciences, the same is not the case for neuroscience. This paper attempts to motivate increased discussion via a set of overlapping issues. The first aim is primarily historical and is to demonstrate that dynamical systems theory is currently experiencing a renaissance in neuroscience. Although dynamical concepts and methods are becoming increasingly popular in contemporary neuroscience, the general approach should not be viewed as something entirely new to neuroscience. Instead, it is more appropriate to view the current developments as making central again approaches that facilitated some of neuroscience’s most significant early achievements, namely, the Hodgkin–Huxley and FitzHugh–Nagumo models. The second aim is primarily critical and defends a version of the “dynamical hypothesis” in neuroscience. Whereas the original version centered on defending a noncomputational and nonrepresentational account of cognition, the version I have in mind is broader and includes both cognition and the neural systems that realize it as well. In view of that, I discuss research on motor control as a paradigmatic example demonstrating that the concepts and methods of dynamical systems theory are increasingly and successfully being applied to neural systems in contemporary neuroscience. More significantly, such applications are motivating a stronger metaphysical claim, that is, understanding neural systems asbeing dynamical systems, which includes not requiring appeal to representations to explain or understand those phenomena. Taken together, the historical claim and the critical claim demonstrate that the dynamical hypothesis is undergoing a renaissance in contemporary neuroscience.
Beyond the Platonic Brain: facing the challenge of individual differences in function-structure mapping
Authors: Viola Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn their attempt to connect the workings of the human mind with their neural realizers, cognitive neuroscientists often bracket out individual differences to build a single, abstract model that purportedly represents (almost) every human being’s brain. In this paper I first examine the rationale behind this model, which I call ‘Platonic Brain Model’. Then I argue that it is to be surpassed in favor of multiple models allowing for patterned inter-individual differences. I introduce the debate on legitimate (and illegitimate) ways of mapping neural structures and cognitive functions, endorsing a view according to which function-structure mapping is context-sensitive. Building on the discussion of the ongoing debate on the function(s) of the so-called Fusiform “Face” Area, I show the necessity of indexing function-structure mappings to some populations of subjects, clustered on the basis of factors such as their expertise in a given domain.
Virtual Reality-Based Education for Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Liam J. , Casto Brian , Luh Join Y. , Wang Samuel J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe built a virtual reality (VR) application that runs on a commercially available standalone VR headset that allows patients to view a virtual simulation of themselves receiving radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if this experience can improve patient understanding of radiotherapy and/or reduce patient anxiety. We created software that reads data from our clinical treatment planning system and renders the plan on a life-size “virtual linear accelerator.” The patient’s CT simulation data is converted into a 3D translucent virtual human shown lying on the treatment table while visible yellow radiation beams are delivered to the target volumes in the patient. We conducted a prospective study to determine if showing patients their radiotherapy plan in VR improves patient education and/or reduces anxiety about treatment. A total of 43 patients were enrolled. The most common plans were 3D breast tangents and intensity-modulated radiotherapy prostate plans. Patients were administered pre- and post-experience questionnaires. Thirty-two patients (74%) indicated that they “strongly agree” that the VR session gave them a better understanding of how radiotherapy will be used to treat their cancer. Of the 21 patients who expressed any anxiety about radiotherapy beforehand, 12 (57%) said that the VR session helped decrease their anxiety about undergoing radiotherapy. In our single-institution, single-arm prospective patient study, we found that the majority of patients reported that the personalized VR experience was educational and can reduce anxiety. VR technology has potential to be a powerful adjunctive educational tool for cancer patients about to undergo radiotherapy.
Das Bestellerprinzip auf Wohnungs- und Immobilienmärkten – ist gut gemeint auch gut?
Authors: Michaelis Jochen , Schwanebeck Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der Implementierung des Bestellerprinzips – wer den Makler beauftragt, muss ihn auch bezahlen – hat der Gesetzgeber einen Wechsel der Zahllast für die Courtage vom Mieter zum Vermieter vorgenommen. Mit Hilfe eines sequentiellen Verhandlungsspiels wird hier diskutiert, inwieweit der Wechsel der Zahllast mit einer Veränderung der ökonomischen Traglast einhergeht. Es wird gezeigt, dass für plausible Parameterkonstellationen (i) die Makler verlieren in Form einer sinkenden Courtage, (ii) die Mieter gewinnen trotz Überwälzung der Courtage auf die Miete, und (iii) auch die Vermieter gewinnen trotz Übernahme der Zahllast der Courtage.
Using under-ice hyperspectral transmittance to determine land-fast sea-ice algal biomass in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Wongpan Pat , Nomura Daiki , Toyota Takenobu , Tanikawa Tomonori , Meiners Klaus M. , Ishino Tomomi , Tamura Tetsuya P. , Tozawa Manami , Nosaka Yuichi , Hirawake Toru , Ooki Atsushi , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSea ice, which forms in polar and nonpolar areas, transmits light to ice-associated (sympagic) algal communities. To noninvasively study the distribution of sea-ice algae, empirical relations to estimate its biomass from under-ice hyperspectral irradiance have been developed in the Arctic and Antarctica but lack for nonpolar regions. This study examines relationships between normalised difference indices (NDI) calculated from hyperspectral transmittance and sympagic algal biomass in the nonpolar Saroma-ko Lagoon. We analysed physico-biogeochemical properties of snow and land-fast sea ice supporting 27 paired bio-optical measurements along three transects covering an area of over 250 m × 250 m in February 2019. Snow depth (0.08 ± 0.01 m) and ice-bottom brine volume fraction (0.21 ± 0.02) showed low (0.06) and high (0.58) correlations with sea-ice core bottom section chlorophylla(Chl.a), respectively. Spatial analyses unveiled the patch size of sea-ice Chl.ato be ~65 m, which is in the same range reported from previous studies. A selected NDI (669, 596 nm) explained 63% of algal biomass variability. This reflects the bio-optical properties and environmental conditions of the lagoon that favour the wavelength pair in the orange/red part of the spectrum and suggests the necessity of a specific bio-optical relationship for Saroma-ko Lagoon.
One- versus multi-component regular variation and extremes of Markov trees
Authors: Segers Johan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA Markov tree is a random vector indexed by the nodes of a tree whose distribution is determined by the distributions of pairs of neighbouring variables and a list of conditional independence relations. Upon an assumption on the tails of the Markov kernels associated to these pairs, the conditional distribution of the self-normalized random vector when the variable at the root of the tree tends to infinity converges weakly to a random vector of coupled random walks called a tail tree. If, in addition, the conditioning variable has a regularly varying tail, the Markov tree satisfies a form of one-component regular variation. Changing the location of the root, that is, changing the conditioning variable, yields a different tail tree. When the tails of the marginal distributions of the conditioning variables are balanced, these tail trees are connected by a formula that generalizes the time change formula for regularly varying stationary time series. The formula is most easily understood when the various one-component regular variation statements are tied up into a single multi-component statement. The theory of multi-component regular variation is worked out for general random vectors, not necessarily Markov trees, with an eye towards other models, graphical or otherwise.
Out-of-equilibrium random walks
Authors: Videla Leonardo A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the long-term behaviour of a random walker embedded in a growing sequence of graphs. We define a (generally non-Markovian) real-valued stochastic process, called the knowledge process, that represents the ratio between the number of vertices already visited by the walker and the current size of the graph. We mainly focus on the case where the underlying graph sequence is the growing sequence of complete graphs.
Between Competition and Cooperation: Financial Incumbents and Challengers in German Pension Politics
Authors: Röper Nils 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt has long been overlooked that factions of finance such as banks and insurers can have opposing policy interests. This paper is concerned with the preferences and strategies of private financial actors in the context of private prefunded pensions. To capture the “tug of war” among these actors, this paper identifies their different financial business models (insurance- and investment-orientation), political roles (financial incumbents and challengers), and levels at which infighting may occur (political and product-market level). For the German case, it shows that product-market competition among financial incumbents and challengers over retirement savings products only turned into competition politics during the 1990s, when shifting political winds provided an opening to insert path-shaping instruments in line with the program of finance capitalism. Financial actors’ preferences are not a derivative of economic or functional incentives, but socially embedded in that they are crucially shaped by interactions with their competitors and the political environment. The analysis disentangles the complex web of competition, cooperation, and ownership among factions of finance and discerns their genuine preferences from those strategically adjusted to context. This sheds doubt on functionalist explanations of (pension) financialization and enhances our understanding of how financial actors form and pursue their preferences.
Garcinol promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting P300/CBP-associated factor in late-pregnant sows
Authors: Yao Weilei , Xia Jun , Wang Tongxin , Li Juan , Huang Lu , Huang Feiruo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisorder of hepatic glucose metabolism is the characteristic of late-pregnant sows. The purpose of our study was to look into the mechanism of garcinol on the improvement of hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme in late-pregnant sows. Thirty second- and third-parity sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace,n10/diet) were fed a basal diet (control) or that diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg (Low Gar) or 500 mg/kg (High Gar) garcinol from day 90 of gestation to the end of farrowing. The livers were processed to measure enzymatic activity. Hepatocytes from pregnant sows were transfected with P300/CBP-associating factor (PCAF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treated with garcinol. Dietary garcinol had no effect on average daily feed intake, body weight (BW), backfat and BW gain of late-pregnant sows. Garcinol promoted plasma glucose levels in pregnant sows and newborn piglets. Garcinol up-regulated hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression and decreased PCAF activity. Garcinol had no effect on the expression of PPAR-γco-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) but significantly increased their activity and decreased their acetylation in late-pregnant sows. Transfection of PCAF siRNA to hepatocytes of pregnant sows increased PGC-1αand FOXO1 activities. Furthermore, in hepatocytes of pregnant sows, garcinol treatment also up-regulated the activities of PGC-1αand FOXO1 and inhibited the acetylation of PGC-1αand FOXO1. Garcinol improves hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression in late-pregnant sows, and this may be due to the mechanism of down-regulating the acetylation of PGC-1αand FOXO1 induced by PCAF in isolated hepatocytes.