bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype Diagnosis of Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bizzi Alberto , Pascuzzo Riccardo , Blevins Janis , Moscatelli Marco E. M. , Grisoli Marina , Lodi Raffaele , Doniselli Fabio M. , Castelli Gianmarco , Cohen Mark L. , Stamm Aymeric , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Appleby Brian S. , Gambetti Pierluigi 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveSporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) comprises several subtypes as defined by genetic and prion protein characteristics, which are associated with distinct clinical and pathological phenotypes. To date, no clinical test can reliably diagnose the subtype. We established two procedures for the antemortem diagnosis of sCJD subtype using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsMRI of 1,458 patients referred to the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center were collected through its consultation service. One neuroradiologist blind to the diagnosis scored 12 brain regions and generated a lesion profile for each MRI scan. We selected 487 patients with autopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of “pure” sCJD subtype and at least one positive diffusion MRI examination. We designed and tested two data‐driven procedures for subtype diagnosis: the first procedure—prion subtype classification algorithm with MRI (PriSCA_MRI)—uses only MRI examinations; the second—PriSCA_MRI + Gen—includes knowledge of the prion protein codon 129 genotype, a major determinant of sCJD subtypes. Both procedures were tested on the first MRI and the last MRI follow‐up.ResultsPriSCA_MRI classified the 3 most prevalent subtypes with 82% accuracy.PriSCA_MRI + Gen raised the accuracy to 89% and identified all subtypes.Individually, the 2 most prevalent sCJD subtypes, MM1 and VV2, were diagnosed with sensitivities up to 95 and 97%, respectively. The performances of both procedures did not change in 168 patients with longitudinal MRI studies when the last examination was used.InterpretationThis study provides the first practical algorithms for antemortem diagnosis of sCJD subtypes. MRI diagnosis of subtype is likely to be attainable at early disease stages to prognosticate clinical course and design future therapeutic trials. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:560–572
In Situ Observation of Non‐Classical 2‐Norbornyl Cation in Confined Zeolites at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Tang Xiaomin , Chen Wei , Yi Xianfeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Xiao Yao , Chen Zhongfang , Zheng Anmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbonium ions are an important class of reaction intermediates, but their dynamic evolution is difficult to be monitored by in situ techniques under experimental conditions because of their extremely short lifetime. Probably the most famous case is 2‐norbornyl cation (2NB+): its existing form (classical or non‐classical) had been debated for decades, until the concrete proof of non‐classical geometry was achieved by X‐ray crystallographic characterization at ultra‐low temperature (40 K) and super acidic environment. However, we lack the understanding about 2NB+ at ambient conditions. Herein, by taking advantage of the confinement effect and delocalized acidic environment of zeolites, we successfully stabilized 2NB+ and unequivocally confirmed its “non‐classical” structure inside the ZSM‐5 zeolite by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. It is the first time to in situ observe the non‐classical 2NB+ without the super acidic environment at ambient temperature, which provides a new strategy to expand the carbocation chemistry.
Dreidimensionale Ermittlung des thermischen Komforts mit detaillierter Berechnung der Strahlungstemperaturen auf Basis von Messdaten aus Drohnenbefliegungen
Authors: Rüdisser Daniel , Weiss Tobias , Unger Lukas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEine neue Methode und Prozesskette zur Evaluierung des thermischen Komforts bzw. der Wärmebelastung in urbanem Gebiet wird formuliert und anhand einer Fallstudie in einem städtischen Quartier erprobt. Die Methode berücksichtigt insbesondere die Signifikanz aller relevanten Strahlungseinflüsse in Bezug auf das Hitzeempfinden. Zur möglichst exakten Bestimmung derselben werden anhand von Drohnenbefliegungen radiometrische Messungen vorgenommen. Die ermittelten Daten werden in ein detailliertes 3D‐Stadtmodell übertragen und auf Basis eines Monte‐Carlo Samplingalgorithmus unter Berücksichtigung der humanen Topologie ausgewertet. Die so errechneten lokalen mittleren Strahlungstemperaturen werden für die Erstellung von hochaufgelösten thermischen Komfortkarten und zur Identifizierung und Beurteilung lokaler Hotspots und relevanter Einflussgrößen herangezogen.
Computational Design of Ductile Magnesium Alloy Anodes for Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Vincent Smobin , Chang Jin Hyun , Garcia Lastra Juan Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main advantage of Mg batteries over other metal counterparts is its ability to work with a pure metallic anode, achieving a very high specific capacity. Unfortunately, pure Mg is hard to machine due to its brittleness, making it extremely difficult to produce foils that are thin enough for practical battery applications. Alloying Mg with small amounts of doping elements can enhance its ductility. However, care should be given to ensure that the dopants do not interfere with the electrochemical process of plating and stripping of Mg from the anode during battery operation. Dopants should prefer to be in bulk or at a stacking fault rather than migrating to the surface to meet this requirement. In this work, we carried out a computational screening of 34 dopants that are reported to reduce Mg brittleness to check which of them energetically prefers to stay in bulk. We found that only 12 out of the 34 meet such a criterion. Y and Nd, two of the main dopants in the WE43 commercial alloys, are among the 12 beneficial doping elements, which presents a practical avenue for the exploration for superior Mg battery anode material.
Metabolomics study of cerebrospinal fluid from diabetic rats with cognitive impairment simultaneously treated with Panax quinquefolius and Acorus gramineus
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Dongxue , Zhao Ying , Wang Yue , Bi Yuying , Bi Tiantian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA metabolomics approach was used to explore the effects of Panax quinquefolius (PQ) and Acorus gramineus (AG) on learning and memory in rats with diabetic‐induced cognitive impairment. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups, namely, the normal group, model group, and PQ–AG group (PQ–AG group, 1.80 g/kg/d). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected via cisterna magna puncture, and the Morris water maze method was used to evaluate learning and memory in rats after 11 weeks of PQ–AG treatment. Metabolic profiling of CSF samples was performed by using UPLC–Q‐TOF–MS. Compared with the normal group, the escape latency of the Morris water maze was significantly prolonged in model group rats after 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Compared with the model group, however, the escape latency was significantly shortened in PQ–AG group rats (p < 0.05). In multivariate statistical analysis, we identified 33 potential biomarkers, and six biomarkers were altered by PQ–AG. These biomarkers were involved in the metabolism of pyrimidine; nicotinate, and nicotinamide; glycine, serine, and threonine; and ascorbate and aldarate. Taken collectively, our results indicate that PQ–AG can attenuate diabetic‐induced cognitive impairment by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways. Our results provide an experimental basis for studying the mechanism of action of PQ–AG.
Naoxueshu relieves hematoma after clot removal in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Song Juexian , Nie Yuting , Wang Pingping , Lu Huiqiang , Gao Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSurgical treatment is expected to remove clot immediately in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Naoxueshu could enhance the efficacy of clot removal surgery in acute SICH patients.MethodsOne hundred twenty patients who had been diagnosed as SICH according to neuroimaging were enrolled in this study. They received craniotomy, decompressive craniectomy, or minimally invasive surgical evacuation as appropriate and then were randomized into two groups: the Naoxueshu group (NXS group, n = 60) and the control group (n = 60). All the patients received standard medical management while patients in NXS group also took Naoxueshu oral liquid 10 ml with three times a day for seven consecutive days. The primary outcome was the 7‐day hematoma volume and secondary outcomes were 7‐day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and 7‐day cerebral edema score.ResultsAfter clot removal surgery, hematoma volume in NXS group (9.5 ± 8.0) was significantly decreased than that in Control group (21.3 ± 22.9, p < .0001) 7 days after surgery. Moreover, cerebral edema was also relieved after 7‐day's Naoxueshu treatment (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 2.9 ± 0.7, p = .043). Since patients in NXS group had worse baseline NIHSS score (17.2 ± 8.1 vs. 13.7 ± 10.1, p = .039), it was reasonable to conclude that Naoxueshu treatment could improve patients’ neurological function because 7‐day NIHSS score of the two groups was similar.ConclusionNaoxueshu oral liquid could relieve hematoma volume and cerebral edema after clot removal surgery in acute SICH patients. Moreover, it had the potential to improve patients’ short‐term neurological function.
Treatment for comorbid depressive disorder or subthreshold depression in diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina , Allen Sarah F. , Holt Richard I. G. , Roberts Richard , Nouwen Arie , Sartorius Norman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an estimate of the effect of interventions on comorbid depressive disorder (MDD) or subthreshold depression in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials evaluating the outcome of depression treatments in diabetes and comorbid MDD or subthreshold symptoms published before August 2019 compared to care as usual (CAU), placebo, waiting list (WL), or active comparator treatment as in a comparative effectiveness trial (CET). Primary outcomes were depressive symptom severity and glycemic control. Cohen's d is reported.ResultsForty‐three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected, and 32 RCTs comprising 3,543 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Our meta‐analysis showed that, compared to CAU, placebo or WL, all interventions showed a significant effect on combined outcome 0,485 (95% CI 0.360; 0.609). All interventions showed a significant effect on depression. Pharmacological treatment, group therapy, psychotherapy, and collaborative care had a significant effect on glycemic control. High baseline depression score was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c and depressive outcome. High baseline HbA1c was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c.ConclusionAll treatments are effective for comorbid depression in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, new interventions with large effect sizes have been introduced, such as group‐based therapy, online treatment, and exercise. Although all interventions were effective for depression, not all treatments were effective for glycemic control. Effective interventions in comorbid depressive disorder may not be as effective in comorbid subthreshold depression. Baseline depression and HbA1c scores modify the treatment effect. Based on the findings, we provide guidance for treatment depending on patient profile and desired outcome, and discuss possible avenues for further research.
Comprehensive molecular profiling broadens treatment options for breast cancer patients
Authors: Kawaji Hitomi , Kubo Makoto , Yamashita Nami , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kai Masaya , Kajihara Atsuko , Yamada Mai , Kurata Kanako , Kaneshiro Kazuhisa , Harada Yurina , Hayashi Saori , Shimazaki Akiko , Mori Hitomi , Akiyoshi Sayuri , Oki Eiji , Oda Yoshinao , Baba Eishi , Mori Masaki , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrecision oncology with next generation sequencing (NGS) using tumor tissue with or without blood has begun in Japan. Tumor molecular profiling tests are available, including the OncoGuide™ NCC Oncopanel System and FoundationOne® CDx (F1CDx). Our purpose was to identify potentially actionable genetic alterations in breast cancer with this comprehensive tumor profiling test. We enrolled 115 patients with pathologically diagnosed advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Comprehensive tumor genomic profiling, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were determined using F1CDx. Testing was successful in 109/115 cases (94.8%). Clinically actionable alterations were identified in 76% of advanced breast cancer patients. The most frequent short variants were in TP53 (48.6%), PIK3CA (38.5%), GATA3 (11.0%), PTEN (11.0%), and BRCA1 (10.1%), and structural variants were in ERBB2 (24.8%), MYC (21.1%), RAD21 (21.1%), CCND1 (11.9%), FGF19 (10.1%), and PTEN (10.1%). Regarding human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 status, 106/109 samples (97.2%) were concordant between F1CDx and HER2 testing with immunohistochemistry/fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, ERBB2 amplification was newly detected in four samples and ERBB2 mutations were detected in five HER2‐negative breast cancer samples. Oncogenic BRCA mutations were found in three samples with F1CDx among 27 germline testing‐negative samples. The mean TMB in all samples was 6.28 mut/Mb and tended to be higher in luminal B and triple‐negative breast cancer (mean = 8.1 and 5.9 mut/Mb, respectively) compared with other subtypes. In conclusion, we established a system for precision oncology and obtained preliminary data with NGS as the first step. The information in this clinical sequencing panel will help guide the development of new treatments for breast cancer patients.
Synthesizing Large‐Scale Fluid Simulations with Surface and Wave Foams via Sharp Wave Pattern and Cloudy Foam
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hyun , Lee Jung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a unified framework to simulate surface and wave foams efficiently and realistically. The framework is designed first to project thee‐dimensional (3D) water particles from an underlying water solver onto two‐dimensional screen space to reduce the computational complexity of determining where foam particles should be generated. Because foam effects are often created primarily in fast and complicated water flows, we analyze the acceleration and curvature values to identify the areas exhibiting such flow patterns. Foam particles are emitted from the identified areas in 3D space, and each foam particle is advected according to its type, which is classified on the basis of velocity, thereby capturing the essential characteristics of foam wave motions. We improve the realism of the resulting foam by classifying it into two types: surface foam and wave foam. Wave foam is characterized by the sharp wave patterns of torrential flows, and surface foam is characterized by a cloudy foam shape, even in water with reduced motion. Based on these features, we propose a technique to correct the velocity and position of a foam particle. In addition, we propose a kernel technique using the screen space density to reduce redundant foam particles efficiently, resulting in improved overall memory efficiency without loss of visual detail in terms of foam effects. Experiments convincingly demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient and easy to use while delivering high‐quality results.
Chemoenzymatic Semi‐synthesis Enables Efficient Production of Isotopically Labeled α‐Synuclein with Site‐Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation
Authors: Pan Buyan , Park Joo Hyung , Ramlall Trudy , Eliezer David , Rhoades Elizabeth , Petersson E. James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) can affect the normal function and pathology of α‐synuclein (αS), an amyloid‐fibril‐forming protein linked to Parkinson's disease. Phosphorylation of αS Tyr39 has recently been found to display a dose‐dependent effect on fibril formation kinetics and to alter the morphology of the fibrils. Existing methods to access site‐specifically phosphorylated αS for biochemical studies include total or semi‐synthesis by native chemical ligation (NCL) as well as chemoenzymatic methods to phosphorylate peptides, followed by NCL. Here, we investigated a streamlined method to produce large quantities of phosphorylated αS by co‐expressing a kinase with a protein fragment in Escherichia coli. We also introduced the use of methyl thioglycolate (MTG) to enable one‐pot NCL and desulfurization. We compare our optimized methods to previous reports and show that we can achieve the highest yields of site‐specifically phosphorylated protein through chemoenzymatic methods using MTG, and that our strategy is uniquely well suited to producing 15N‐labeled, phosphorylated protein for NMR studies.
Metastatic signet ring cell gastric carcinoma bypassing Virchow's node: An unexpected etiology of a painful neck mass
Authors: Di Stadio Arianna , D'Ascanio Luca , Latini Gino , Gradoni Paolo , Pandolfini Manlio , Tamburrano Tiziana , Ricci Giampietro , Maranzano Massimo , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetastatic lymph nodes of the head and neck are often associated with locoregional spread of mucosal squamous carcinoma, but in rare instances visceral malignancies may bypass Virchow's node. The possibility of distant metastasis should be considered.
Twin‐twin transfusion syndrome with anemia‐polycythemia developed during the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Shiraishi Tatsunori , Kizumi Osamu , Kumasaka Sakae , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present here a rare case of twin‐twin transfusion syndrome with anemia‐polycythemia developed at 34‐35 weeks of gestation.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm
Authors: Mochida Yuki , Miyakuni Yasuhiko , Kaita Yasuhiko , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is useful as a troubleshooting response to hemorrhage and a temporary method for maintaining patient hemodynamics.
SARS‐CoV‐2–related ARDS in a maintenance hemodialysis patient: case report on tailored approach by daily hemodialysis, noninvasive ventilation, tocilizumab, anxiolytics, and point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: Galassi Andrea , Casanova Francesca , Gazzola Lidia , Rinaldo Rocco , Ceresa Marco , Restelli Elena , Giorgini Alessia , Birocchi Simone , Giovenzana Marco , Zoni Ulisse , Valli Federica , Massironi Laura , Belletti Sebastiano , Magagnoli Lorenza , Stucchi Andrea , Ippolito Michela , Carugo Stefano , Parazzini Elena , Cozzolino Mario 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWithout rescue drugs approved, holistic approach by daily hemodialysis, noninvasive ventilation, anti‐inflammatory medications, fluid assessment by bedside ultrasound, and anxiolytics improved outcomes of a maintenance hemodialysis patient affected by severe COVID‐19.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Evolution Reaction using Noble‐Metal, Transition‐Metal, and Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Noor Tayyaba , Yaqoob Lubna , Iqbal Naseem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA considerable concern in exploring clean, efficient, and renewable energy resources to effectively replace fossil fuels and to combat the environmental problems and energy scarcities for a sustainable future has been observed. In this context, hydrogen is a clean, renewable, energetically efficient fuel with infinite potential for the future, which can generate a large amount of energy through the electrocatalytic splitting of earth‐abundant water resources. Noble metals, owing to their extraordinary efficiency and stability, are state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. However, their scarcity and high cost hamper their commercialization. To replace these expensive noble‐metal‐based materials, researchers are extensively working on the development of cost effective, stable, conductive, and efficient non‐noble metal based materials such as transition metal oxides, borides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, perovskites oxides, and layered double hydroxides, where the incorporation of heteroatoms improves the electrocatalytic activity by modifying the electronic structure and enhances the conductivity and stability. In the case of transition‐metal based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived materials, the unique structure of MOFs with a high surface area and porosity, as well as rich redox chemistry of transition metals, leads to excellent response towards the OER process. Moreover, direct utilization of carbonaceous materials or making their composites with transition metals not only enhances the conductivity due to their conductive nature but also promotes stability by strongly binding with the electrocatalyst. Owing to the presence of functional groups on the surface or through different interactions, they provide multiple paths for facile electron and ion transport due to the sheet/network like structure, which help in the fine dispersion of electrocatalyst due to high surface area, prevent agglomeration, and in turn results in improved electrocatalytic activity. Besides these advances, a) there is still a need for a thorough understanding of reaction mechanism via in situ spectroscopic techniques to further optimize the composition and design of electrocatalyst to get desired results, b) the stability of the materials should be further enhanced to practically utilize synthesized material under harsh conditions without degradation, and c) the utilization of these optimized OER catalysts in a solar cell to consume solar energy (renewable energy source), remains a key requirement of the modern era.
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Desymmetrizations of Prochiral Oxetanes
Authors: Sandvoß Alexander , Wahl Johannes M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStrain relief of oxetanes offers a plethora of opportunities for the synthesis of chiral alcohols and ethers. In this context, enantioselective desymmetrization has been identified as a powerful tool to construct molecular complexity and this has led to the development of elegant strategies on the basis of transition metal, Lewis acid, and Brønsted acid catalysis. This review highlights recent examples that harness the inherent reactivity of prochiral oxetanes and offers an outlook on the immense possibilities for synthetic application.
A novel lipase from Aspergillus oryzae WZ007 catalyzed synthesis of brivaracetam intermediate and its enzymatic characterization
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Mengjie , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Yinjun , Wang Zhao , Zheng Jianyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrivaracetam is a structural derivative of the chiral drug levetiracetam and has been approved for the adjuvant treatment of partial epilepsy. As a new antiepileptic drug, it is widely used in a variety of epilepsy models. In this study, a novel lipase M16 derived from Aspergillus oryzae WZ007 was cloned, expressed, and used for chiral resolution. Lipase M16 has a high enantioselectivity to the racemic substrate (R,S)‐methyl 2‐propylsuccinate 4‐tert‐butyl ester, and the intermediate (R)‐2‐propylsuccinic acid 4‐tert‐butyl ester of brivaracetam was obtained efficiently. Under optimal conditions, the enantiomeric excess of substrate was up to 99.26%, and the e.e.p was 96.23%. The conversion and apparent E value were 50.63% and 342.48, respectively. This study suggests a new biocatalytic resolution via lipase M16 for preparing the brivaracetam chiral intermediate and its potential application in the pharmaceutical industry.