bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in loading patterns between fast walking and jogging at the same speed in male adults
Authors: Li Ruoyi , Liu Hao , Guo Mengyuan , Badurova Jitka , Yang Luming , Fan Haojun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fast walking and jogging are two common exercises for people to maintain health in daily life. But the differences in loading patterns of fast walking and jogging are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare loading patterns in fast walking and jogging at the same speed, and to identify how differences in foot mechanics influence plantar pressure distribution between the two modes of gait. Totally, 49 healthy males participated in this study. Data of pressure parameters, including maximum force (MF), peak pressure (PP), contact area (CA), force-time integral (FTI), were recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system in participants’ fast walking and jogging process at 7 km/h. A Load transfer analysis method was used to quantify the plantar load transference from fast walking to jogging. The results showed that MF, PP and CA increased in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions while decreased in toes regions and heel during jogging when compared with fast walking. FTI decreased in all foot regions during jogging compared to fast walking. Under the effects of spring mechanics and the varus of rearfoot during jogging, fast walking and jogging reveal different loading patterns. Compared jogging to fast walking, load transferred as follow: 1) in transverse direction, load transferred from lateral foot to medial foot in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions, 2) in longitudinal direction, load transferred from toes to the metatarsal, and from heel to the metatarsal and midfoot. These results also provide suggestions for footwear designs.

Graphical abstract
Role of static and dynamic MRI in evaluation of pelvic posterior compartment pathologies: prospective case series
Authors: Abdelzaher Dina G. , Abdelatif Mahmoud , Thabet Waleed M. , Elshafei Amr M. , Shady Magda M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pelvic floor dysfunction affects the lifestyle of women worldwide; the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of static MRI and dynamic MR defecography in the diagnosis of the posterior compartment of pelvic floor dysfunction.
This prospective study included 50 female patients. All of them presented with pelvic floor dysfunction. Static and dynamic MRI were performed for all patients after injection of 120–150 ml of intrarectal gel and voiding 2 h before examination. Dynamic MRI was performed at rest, squeezing, straining phases, and during defecation.

Results
MR defecography can detect posterior compartment pathology with high sensitivity and specificity. We found anterior rectocele in 26 patients (52%). Rectocele incidence was analyzed and compared to postoperative reports, and the receiver operator curve (ROC) was calculated that showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998. The cut-off value of 1.95 cm gives a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 100% during straining. The percentage of anismus was 26%, rectorectal intussusception 52%, anal prolapse types (rectoanal intussusception 14% and external prolapse 8%), and peritoneocele 34%.

Conclusion
MRI is a valuable imaging modality that can be used to diagnose pelvic floor disorders and does not involve the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation. It can direct the surgical procedure and thus improve the post-operative results and decrease the rate of recurrence due to missed pathology.
“Bridging, brokering, and buffering”: a theoretical exploration of school leaders’ engagement with local school wellness policy implementation
Authors: Asada Y. , Turner L. , Schwartz M. , Chriqui J. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-296) prompted the expansion of federal requirements for local school wellness policies, which aim to improve health promoting practices across school districts in the USA. This qualitative study examined how school district superintendents—as key school leaders who are often listed as the district accountability figure for wellness policies applicable to kindergarten through 12th grade—engaged with wellness policy implementation. The inquiry was guided by evidence-informed implementation and leadership frameworks, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and “bridging, buffering, and brokering” strategies from education leadership theory.MethodsWe conducted focus groups and interviews with superintendents (n= 39) from 23 states. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed; transcripts were team-coded in Atlas.ti v8 using an iteratively revised coding guide that was informed by CFIR, pilot testing, and during weekly analyst meetings. Principles of constant comparative analysis were employed to develop themes.ResultsMost superintendents’ reported positive perspectives and personal motivations to engage with wellness policy implementation. Within the CFIR process domain, superintendents demonstrated adaptive leadership traits and employed a combination of “bridging, buffering, and brokering” strategies to lead implementation activities. Rather than focus on personal traits, an emphasis on specific strategies highlights actions that may be applied.ConclusionsThe findings offer practical strategies to support superintendents with implementation, as well as a formative contribution to the dearth of theoretical frameworks in school wellness literature, particularly by advancing the specific understanding of leadership roles within a broader implementation framework. The application of education theory allowed for a deeper inquiry into the potential ways that leaders’ strategies and engagement influences implementation more broadly.
Composite GRFS and CRFS Outcomes After Adult Alternative Donor HCT
Authors: Mehta Rohtesh S. , Holtan Shernan G. , Wang Tao , Hemmer Michael T. , Spellman Stephen R. , Arora Mukta , Couriel Daniel R. , Alousi Amin M. , Pidala Joseph , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Agrawal Vaibhav , Ahmed Ibrahim , Al-Homsi A. Samer , Aljurf Mahmoud , Antin Joseph H. , Askar Medhat , Auletta Jeffery J. , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Chee Lynette , Chhabra Saurabh , Daly Andrew , DeFilipp Zachariah , Gajewski James , Gale Robert Peter , Gergis Usama , Hematti Peiman , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Hogan William J. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Martino Rodrigo , Majhail Navneet S. , Marks David I. , Nishihori Taiga , Olsson Richard F. , Pawarode Attaphol , Diaz Miguel Angel , Prestidge Tim , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. , Ringden Olle , Saad Ayman , Savani Bipin N. , Schoemans Hélène , Seo Sachiko , Schultz Kirk R. , Solh Melhem , Spitzer Thomas , Storek Jan , Teshima Takanori , Verdonck Leo F. , Wirk Baldeep , Yared Jean A. , Cahn Jean-Yves , Weisdorf Daniel J. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE There is no consensus on the best choice of an alternative donor (umbilical cord blood [UCB], haploidentical, one-antigen mismatched [7/8]–bone marrow [BM], or 7/8-peripheral blood [PB]) for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients lacking an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. METHODS We report composite end points of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)–free relapse-free survival (GRFS) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD)–free relapse-free survival (CRFS) in 2,198 patients who underwent UCB (n = 838), haploidentical (n = 159), 7/8-BM (n = 241), or 7/8-PB (n = 960) HCT. All groups were divided by myeloablative conditioning (MAC) intensity or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), except haploidentical group in which most received RIC. To account for multiple testing, P < .0071 in multivariable analysis and P < .00025 in direct pairwise comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and overall survival (OS). In the direct pairwise comparison of other groups, among those who received MAC, there was no difference in GRFS or CRFS among UCB, 7/8-BM, and 7/8-PB with serotherapy (alemtuzumab or antithymocyte globulin) groups. In contrast, the 7/8-PB without serotherapy group had significantly inferior GRFS, higher cGVHD, and a trend toward worse CRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.69; P = .002) than the 7/8-BM group and higher cGVHD and trend toward inferior CRFS (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63; P = .0006) than the UCB group. Among patients with RIC, all groups had significantly inferior GRFS and CRFS compared with the haploidentical group. CONCLUSION Recognizing the limitations of a registry retrospective analysis and the possibility of center selection bias in choosing donors, our data support the use of UCB, 7/8-BM, or 7/8-PB (with serotherapy) grafts for patients undergoing MAC HCT and haploidentical grafts for patients undergoing RIC HCT. The haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and OS of all groups.
Sleep Restriction With Circadian Disruption Negatively Alter Bone Turnover Markers in Women
Authors: Swanson Christine M , Shea Steven A , Kohrt Wendy M , Wright Kenneth P , Cain Sean W , Munch Mirjam , Vujović Nina , Czeisler Charles A , Orwoll Eric S , Buxton Orfeu M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to determine whether an uncoupling of bone turnover markers (BTMs) occurs in women exposed to the combination of sleep restriction with circadian disruption (SRCD), as previously reported in men.

Methods
Four bone biomarkers (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen [P1NP] and osteocalcin = bone formation; C-telopeptide [CTX] = bone resorption; sclerostin = bone formation inhibitor) were measured in bihourly samples over 24 hours at baseline and after approximately 3 weeks of sleep restriction (~5.6 hours of sleep/24 hours) with concurrent circadian disruption (SRCD, recurring 28-hour “day” in dim light). Maximum likelihood estimation in a repeated-measures model was used to assess the effects of SRCD and age on bone biomarkers.

Results
Five women were young (22 ± 2.8 years) and four were older (58 ± 1.8 years). Baseline bone biomarker levels did not differ by age (all P ≥ .07). Bone formation markers were lower after SRCD (estimate ± SEE, ΔP1NP = –9.5 ± 2.8 μg/L, P = .01; Δosteocalcin = –2.3 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P = .04). The P1NP decline was greater in young women (ΔP1NP = –12.9 ± 3.7 μg/L, P = .01). After SRCD, CTX was significantly higher in young women (0.182 ± 0.069 ng/mL, P = .04) but did not change in older women.

Conclusions
These pilot data are similar to previous findings in men and suggest that SRCD negatively altered bone metabolism in women by decreasing markers of bone formation and, in young women, increasing a marker of bone resorption. If sustained, this pattern of BTM uncoupling may lead to bone loss and lower bone mineral density.
DJ-1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via enhancing FGF9 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Longhao , Zhang Chundong , Li Yi , Zhang Ying , Lei Yunlong 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Tumor metastasis is the main contributor to high recurrence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). In a previous study, we found that DJ-1 plays an important role in CRC metastasis, and is the main target in Ciclopirox olamine (CPX)-treated CRC. However, the mechanism underlying DJ-1-induced CRC metastasis remains elusive. In the present study, our results showed that DJ-1 could activate Wnt signaling resulting in enhanced invasive potential and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis reveals that the DJ-1/Wnt signaling pathway may promote CRC cells’ EMT by regulating fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) expression. Molecular validation showed that expression of FGF9 was upregulated by the DJ-1/Wnt signaling pathway and decreasing FGF9-expression impeded DJ-1-induced CRC invasive ability and EMT, suggesting that FGF9 is involved in DJ-1-enhanced CRC metastasis. In addition, we show that FGF9 was overexpressed in CRC human specimens and was significantly associated with tumor differentiation. High FGF9 expression was correlated with worse overall survival, and a correlation exhibited between FGF9 and EMT markers (E-cadherin and Vimentin) in CRC samples. Together, our results determined that FGF9 was involved in DJ-1-induced invasion and EMT in CRC cells, and may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for CRC anti-metastatic strategies.
Association between Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variants and V˙O2 max Trainability
Authors: VELLERS HEATHER L. , VERHEIN KIRSTEN C. , BURKHOLDER ADAM B. , LEE JAEHOON , KIM YOUNGMIN , LIGHTFOOT J. TIMOTHY , SHI MIN , WEINBERG CLARICE R. , SARZYNSKI MARK A. , BOUCHARD CLAUDE , KLEEBERGER STEVEN R. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We designed the study to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup, sequence, and heteroplasmy differed between individuals previously characterized as low (LR) or high responders (HR) as defined by their maximal oxygen uptake response to a standardized aerobic exercise training program.

Methods
DNA was isolated from whole blood in subjects from the HERITAGE Family Study that were determined to be either HR (n = 15) or LR (n = 15). mtDNA was amplified by long-range polymerase chain reaction, then tagged with Nextera libraries and sequenced on a MiSeq instrument.

Results
Different mtDNA haplogroup subtypes were found in HR and LR individuals. Compared with HR subjects, significantly more LR subjects had variants in 13 sites, including 7 in hypervariable (HV) regions: HV2 (G185A: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02; G228A: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; C295T: 0 vs 6; P = 0.04), HV3 (C462T: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; T489C: 0 vs 5; P = 0.04), and HV1 (C16068T: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02; T16125C: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02). Remaining variants were in protein coding genes, mtND1 (1 vs 8, P = 0.02), mtND3 (A10397G: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04), mtND4 (A11250G: 1 vs 8, P = 0.02), mtND5 (G13707A: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04), and mtCYTB (T14797C: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; C15451A: 1 vs 8, P = 0.02). Average total numbers of heteroplasmies (P = 0.83) and frequency of heteroplasmies (P = 0.05) were similar between the groups.

Conclusions
Our findings provide specific sites across the mitochondrial genome that may be related to maximal oxygen uptake trainability.
Exercise Thermoregulation in Prepubertal Children: A Brief Methodological Review
Authors: NOTLEY SEAN R. , AKERMAN ASHLEY P. , MEADE ROBERT D. , MCGARR GREGORY W. , KENNY GLEN P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Prepubertal children (6–12 yr) differ from adults in various morphological and physiological factors that may influence thermoregulatory function; however, experimental evidence of meaningful child–adult differences in heat strain during exercise-heat stress is sparse, despite numerous studies. Although we appreciate the challenges associated with performing such comparisons, part of that discrepancy may be due to the methods used. Nonetheless, a focused discussion of these methodological considerations and their implications for current understanding remains unavailable. This is an important knowledge gap given the threat to health posed by rising global temperatures and the ongoing focus on improving physical activity levels in children. The aims of this methodological review were, therefore, to (i) review the theoretical basis for child–adult differences in thermoregulatory function, (ii) describe previous comparisons of exercise thermoregulation between prepubertal children and adults, (iii) discuss two methodological issues associated with that research, which, in our view, make it difficult to present empirical evidence related to child–adult differences in thermoregulatory function and associated heat strain, (iv) provide potential solutions to these issues, and (v) propose pertinent areas for further research.
Impact of mobile technologies on cervical cancer screening practices in Lagos, Nigeria (mHealth-Cervix): Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Okunade Kehinde S. , Salako Omolola , Adejimi Adebola A. , Akinsola Oluwatosin J. , Fatiregun Omolara , Adenekan Muisi A. , Moses Olusanjo E. , Ebenso Bassey , Allsop Matthew J. , Anorlu Rose I. , Berek Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:Incidence and mortality from cervical cancer have remained high due to many obstacles facing the implementation of organized screening programs in resource-constrained countries such as Nigeria. The application of mobile technologies (mHealth) to health services delivery has the potential to reduce inequalities, empower patients to control their health, and improve the cost-effectiveness of health care delivery.Aim:To assess the efficacy of mobile technology intervention on Pap test screening adherence compared to a control condition and also determine the factors affecting the uptake of Pap smear screening practices among women in Lagos.Methods:This is a multi-center randomized controlled trial that will involve women aged 25 to 65 years attending the General Outpatient clinics of the two tertiary health institutions in Lagos, Nigeria between April and December 2020. At baseline, a total of 200 National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) enrollees will be randomized to either a text message arm or usual care (control) arm. The primary outcome is the completion of a Pap smear within 6 months of enrolment in the study. The associations between any two groups of continuous variables will be tested using the independent sample t-test (normal distribution) or the Mann-Whitney U test (skewed data) and that of two groups of categorical variables with Chi-squareX2or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. Using binary logistic regression model, we will adjust for age and other relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables and adherence to Pap test screening. Statistical significance will be defined asP-value less than 0.05.Discussion:The mHealth-Cervix study will evaluate the impact of mobile technologies on cervical cancer screening practices in Lagos, Nigeria as a way of contributing to the reduction in the wide disparities in cervical cancer incidence through early detection facilitated using health promotion to improve Pap smear screening adherence.Registration:PACTR20200275335451713/02/2020
Using pens as an incentive for questionnaire return in an orthopaedic trial: an embedded randomised controlled retention trial
Authors: Mitchell Alex S. , Cook Liz , Dean Alexandra , Fairhurst Caroline , Northgraves Matthew , Torgerson David J. , Reed Mike 
Published: May 2020

Background: We did a ‘study within a trial’ (SWAT), evaluating the effectiveness of the inclusion of a pen with a postal questionnaire, compared to no pen being included, on the retention rate in a large orthopaedic trial. Methods: The SWAT was embedded in the KReBS trial. The primary outcome was the proportion of 12-month questionnaires returned. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of questionnaires completed and time to questionnaire return. Binary data were analysed using logistic regression and time to return using Cox proportional hazards regression. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) are presented, with associated 95% confidence intervals and p-values. Results: In total, 2306 participants were randomised into the SWAT. In the pen group, 1020/1146 (89.0%) of participants returned a questionnaire, compared to 982/1147 (85.6%) in the no pen group. The absolute difference in questionnaire return rate was 3.4% (95% CI: 0.7% to 6.1%; p=0.01). There were statistically significant differences in questionnaire return rate (OR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.72; p=0.02), questionnaire completion rate (OR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.76; p<0.01) and time to questionnaire return (HR 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.27; p<0.01) favouring the pen group. Conclusion: This SWAT adds to the growing evidence base for whether pens are effective as an incentive for retention, and indicates their potential effectiveness. Registration: KReBS trial registered on 20 February 2019, ID ISRCTN87127065; SWAT registered on 1 April 2019, ID SWAT92.
Revisiting early-stage COVID-19 strategy options
Authors: Machanick Philip 
Published: May 2020

Background: Early-stage interventions in a potential pandemic are important to understand as they can make the difference between runaway exponential growth that is hard to turn back and stopping the spread before it gets that far. COVID19 is an interesting case study because there have been very different outcomes in different localities. These variations are best studied after the fact if precision is the goal; while a pandemic is still unfolding less precise analysis is of value in attempting to guide localities in the early stages to learn lessons of those that preceded them. Methods: I examine three factors that could differentiate strategy: asymptomatic spread, differences in use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine and cloth face masks. Results: These differences point to the possibility of alternative strategies to prevent COVID-19 from entering the runaway phase. The most promising is testing all contacts of anyone who has tested positive, not only those who are symptomatic. In principle such a study should be able to demonstrate not only what fraction are asymptomatic but also measure asymptomatic transmission by another round of contact tracing. Should this demonstrate asymptomatic transmission, then all contacts of anyone who tests positive should be isolated and tested, and only released from quarantine when it is clear that they are past incubation and not positive. Conclusions: Before a COVID-19 outbreak reaches the runaway phase where exponential growth makes accurate trace-and test impossible, a strategy that takes into account asymptomatic transmission is viable and should be attempted to avoid the necessity for a prolonged lock down.
OS MAPAS JORNALÍSTICOS SOBRE AS UNIDADES DE POLÍCIA PACIFICADORA COMO REPRESENTAÇÃO VISUAL DO FAVELISMO
Authors: Rodrigues Liebert 
Published: May 2020

No contexto dos conflitos decorrentes da implantação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora nas favelas cariocas, o jornal O Globo representou através de mapas a favela em seu noticiário sobre o tema. Partindo do princípio de que os mapas são imagens que se apresentam enquanto ‘verdades’ sobre o espaço e que o jornal é um veículo de comunicação que fabrica ‘verdades’, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar que esses mapas jornalísticos apresentaram uma forma de representação que pode ser reconhecida como favelismo. Em referência ao orientalismo de Edward Said, o favelismo foi o termo cunhado por Márcia Pereira Leite para denominar as representações hegemônicas que inferiorizaram um determinado Outro – os indivíduos associados à favela e o seu espaço. Analisaremos o favelismo enquanto uma matriz de discursos inferiorizantes que se manifestaram nesses mapas jornalísticos, que produziram e reproduziram uma determinada imaginação geográfica sobre as áreas favelizadas.
A FORÇA ANCESTRAL FEMININA NO MAR DE IEMANJÁ - UM FOTOARTIGO
Authors: De Medeiros Cristiano Sant'Anna 
Published: May 2020

Pensar em fotografia é pensar em arte, é pensar em lembrança do vivido e do momento mágico eternizado em uma ou mais imagens. Cotidianamente, milhares de imagens são produzidas e circulam todos os dias nos vários meios de comunicação, seja na televisão, no cinema, nos espaços públicos e privados, nas redes sociais da internet, em nossa casa, nossa vida... Imagens estão, o tempo todo, à nossa volta, e constituem um dos mais importantes modos pelos quais vemos, aprendemos, pensamos, narramos e tecemos o presente. Pensando que as imagens estão a nossa volta e são potentes na nossa contemporaneidade, este artigo fotográfico aqui denominado de “fotoartigo”, pretende trazer imagens fotográficas para homenagear a força ancestral feminina, representada aqui pela Orixá Iemanjá (Rainha do mar, mãe de todos os Orixás) Os Orixás são ancestrais africanos divinizados pelas forças da natureza tal como a água do mar, dos rios, das chuvas, dos raios, dos trovões, dos ventos... Orixá é força, é vida, é presente, é sabedoria, é conhecimento, é epistemologia do presente, passado e do futuro.