bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escharotomy for the Face: Facial Aesthetic Subunit Principle-Based Approach
Authors: Ozkan Burak , Ertas Nilgun M , Uysal Cagri A , Haberal Mehmet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Escharotomy is the relaxation of an eschar through longitudinal or horizontal incisions in order to protect regional perfusion. In peripheral areas, such as limbs, trunk, and neck, eschar pressure poses significant issues; it causes circulatory disorder in limbs and potential limb loss, inadequate thoracic expansion in the thorax, and perfusion and oxygenation problems in the neck. To prevent complications, a basic rule of burn surgery is to perform escharotomy incisions quickly and without hesitation. However, the face is not an area in which eschar formation is commonly seen due to its robust vascular supply and patients’ protection reflex. Although descriptive drawings and guides for facial escharotomy have yet to be published, relaxation of axial arteries in terms of compression from eschar formation may be needed. Here, we present a case of escharotomy based on facial subunit principles.
Spectrum of Fungal Pathogens in Burn Wound Specimens: Data From a Tertiary Care Hospital Laboratory in Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Kauser , Khan Muneeb , Umar Seema , Shaheen Najma , Farooqi Joveria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBurn patients are at great risk of developing fungal wound infections. Fungi are frequently cultured from burn tissue specimens alone or in combination with bacteria. However, the spectrum of fungi in burn patients from Pakistan has not been reported previously. A retrospective laboratory-based study was conducted and data on all positive cultures from burn wounds were included. During the study period, specimens were cultured on appropriate media and incubated for anaerobic and aerobic growth. Clinical and demographic information recorded during clinical reporting was also collected. Seventy tissue cultures were positive for microorganisms. Of these, 27 (39%) had growth of either filamentous mold (17 cases) or Candida species (14 cases). Two cases had growth of both mold and yeast. Aspergillus flavus was the most common mold (9) followed by Fusarium species (3). Candida tropicalis was the most common yeast (7) followed by Candida parapsilosis (4). There was concomitant bacterial growth in 19 cases, predominantly of Staphylococcus aureus (13), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), and other Gram-negative rods (6). Of the 35 patients in which treatment history was available, 33 were receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. A high incidence of fungal isolation was seen in this study. Their findings are consistent with the global increase in fungal infections in burn wounds. High index of suspicion by clinicians and revision of culture protocols in burn patients may be warranted for optimal patient management.
A Comparison of Fitness-Related Traits in the Coleopteran Parasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) Reared on Two Factitious Hosts
Authors: Shi Haoni , Zhou Jiaying , Chen Yuansheng , Wang Qinzhao , Pan Youliang , Zhang Jiangtao , Liu Xingping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coleopteran parasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is considered an efficient preventative method against the damage caused by a large number of cerambycid pests in China and other East Asian countries. Mass rearing of this parasitoid depends on screening appropriate factitious hosts. In this paper, the fitness-related traits of this parasitic beetle were explored using pupae of the two tenebrionid beetles, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus and Zophobas morio Fabricius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as factitious hosts. The results showed that in dual-choice trials, D. helophoroides larvae preferred to attack Z. morio pupae. In no-choice trials, D. helophoroides reared on Z. morio pupae displayed significantly higher pupation and emergence rate, longer developmental duration of larval and larval–pupal stages, larger adult body size, shorter preoviposition period, more egg masses and egg production, and higher relative expected reproduction than those reared on T. molitor pupae. These results demonstrate that Z. morio is a more suitable factitious host for mass rearing of D. helophoroides.
Early Life Adversity and Pubertal Timing: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Bleil Maria E , Spieker Susan J , Gregorich Steven E , Thomas Alexis S , Hiatt Robert A , Appelhans Bradley M , Roisman Glenn I , Booth-LaForce Cathryn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To identify early life adversity (ELA) risk factors for earlier pubertal timing, itself a risk factor for poor cardiometabolic health, and to determine whether such ELA-related risk may be mediated by pre-pubertal body mass index (BMI).

Methods
Subjects included 426 female participants in a prospective birth cohort study, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Survival analysis models were fit to examine ELA exposures, representing childhood socioeconomic status (SES), maternal sensitivity, mother–child attachment, and negative life events, along with child health indicators and covariates, in relation to pubertal timing outcomes, including age at menarche and ages at Tanner stage II for breast and pubic hair development.

Results
Higher childhood SES emerged as an independent predictor of older age at menarche, showing each one standard deviation increase in childhood SES corresponded to a 1.3% increase in age at menarche (factor change = 1.013; 1.003–1.022; p &lt; .01), but did not predict breast or pubic hair development (ps &gt; .05). In mediation analyses, indirect (mediated) effects of mother–child attachment on the pubertal timing outcomes, via pre-pubertal BMI, were all statistically significant (ps &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Higher childhood SES predicted directly, and secure (vs. insecure) mother–child attachment predicted indirectly (via pre-pubertal BMI), later pubertal timing, suggesting these factors may protect girls from earlier pubertal development. By extension, clinical implications are that intervention strategies designed to lessen ELA- and pre-pubertal obesity-related risk may be effective in remediating life course pathways linking ELA, accelerated pubertal development, and cardiometabolic risk.
Affinity proteomic dissection of the human nuclear cap-binding complex interactome
Authors: Dou Yuhui , Kalmykova Svetlana , Pashkova Maria , Oghbaie Mehrnoosh , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R , Chait Brian T , Rout Michael P , Fenyö David , Jensen Torben Heick , Altukhov Ilya , LaCava John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 5′,7-methylguanosine cap is a quintessential feature of RNA polymerase II-transcribed RNAs, and a textbook aspect of co-transcriptional RNA processing. The cap is bound by the cap-binding complex (CBC), canonically consisting of nuclear cap-binding proteins 1 and 2 (NCBP1/2). Interest in the CBC has recently renewed due to its participation in RNA-fate decisions via interactions with RNA productive factors as well as with adapters of the degradative RNA exosome. A novel cap-binding protein, NCBP3, was recently proposed to form an alternative CBC together with NCBP1, and to interact with the canonical CBC along with the protein SRRT. The theme of post-transcriptional RNA fate, and how it relates to co-transcriptional ribonucleoprotein assembly, is abundant with complicated, ambiguous, and likely incomplete models. In an effort to clarify the compositions of NCBP1-, 2- and 3-related macromolecular assemblies, we have applied an affinity capture-based interactome screen where the experimental design and data processing have been modified to quantitatively identify interactome differences between targets under a range of experimental conditions. This study generated a comprehensive view of NCBP-protein interactions in the ribonucleoprotein context and demonstrates the potential of our approach to benefit the interpretation of complex biological pathways.
Radiotherapy, Temozolomide, and Antiprogrammed Cell Death Protein 1 Treatments Modulate the Immune Microenvironment in Experimental High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Riva Matteo , Wouters Roxanne , Sterpin Edmond , Giovannoni Roberto , Boon Louis , Himmelreich Uwe , Gsell Willy , Van Ranst Marc , Coosemans An 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe lack of immune synergy with conventional chemoradiation could explain the failure of checkpoint inhibitors in current clinical trials for high-grade gliomas (HGGs).OBJECTIVETo analyze the impact of radiotherapy (RT), Temozolomide (TMZ) and antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (αPD1) (as single or combined treatments) on the immune microenvironment of experimental HGGs.METHODSMice harboring neurosphere /CT-2A HGGs received RT (4 Gy, single dose), TMZ (50 mg/kg, 4 doses) and αPD1 (100 μg, 3 doses) as monotherapies or combinations. The influence on survival, tumor volume, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was analyzed.RESULTSRT increased total T cells (P = .0159) and cluster of differentiation (CD)8+T cells (P = .0078) compared to TMZ. Lymphocyte subpopulations resulting from TMZ or αPD1 treatment were comparable with those of controls. RT reduced M2 tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (P = .0019) and monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs,P = .0003) compared to controls. The effect on mMDSC was also seen following TMZ and αPD1 treatment, although less pronounced (P = .0439 andP = .0538, respectively). Combining RT with TMZ reduced CD8+T cells (P = .0145) compared to RT alone. Adding αPD1 partially mitigated this effect as shown by the increased CD8+T cells/Tregs ratio, even if this result failed to reach statistical significance (P = .0973). Changing the combination sequence of RT, TMZ, and αPD1 did not alter survival nor the immune effects.CONCLUSIONRT, TMZ, and αPD1 modify the immune microenvironment of HGG. The combination of RT with TMZ induces a strong immune suppression which cannot be effectively counteracted by αPD1.
Ideal type-II Weyl points in topological circuits
Authors: Li Rujiang , Lv Bo , Tao Huibin , Shi Jinhui , Chong Yidong , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Weyl points (WPs), nodal degenerate points in three-dimensional (3D) momentum space, are said to be ‘ideal’ if they are symmetry-related and well-separated, and reside at the same energy and far from nontopological bands. Although type-II WPs have unique spectral characteristics compared with type-I counterparts, ideal type-II WPs have not yet been reported because of a lack of an experimental platform with enough flexibility to produce strongly tilted dispersion bands. Here, we experimentally realize a topological circuit that hosts only topological bands with a minimal number of four ideal type-II WPs. By stacking two-dimensional (2D) layers of inductor-capacitor (LC) resonator dimers with the broken parity inversion symmetry (P), we achieve a strongly tilted band structure with two group velocities in the same direction, and topological surface states in an incomplete bandgap. Our results establish an ideal system for the further study of Weyl physics and other exotic topological phenomena.
Ultra-sensitive hybrid diamond nanothermometer
Authors: Liu Chu-Feng , Leong Weng-Hang , Xia Kangwei , Feng Xi , Finkler Amit , Denisenko Andrej , Wrachtrup Jörg , Li Quan , Liu Ren-Bao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors because of their long spin coherence time under ambient conditions. However, their spin resonances are relatively insensitive to non-magnetic parameters such as temperature. A magnetic-nanoparticle-nanodiamond hybrid thermometer, where the temperature change is converted to the magnetic field variation near the Curie temperature, were demonstrated to have enhanced temperature sensitivity ($11{\rm{\,\,mK\,\,H}}{{\rm{z}}^{ - 1/2}}$) (Wang N, Liu G-Q and Leong W-H et al. Phys Rev X 2018; 8: 011042), but the sensitivity was limited by the large spectral broadening of ensemble spins in nanodiamonds. To overcome this limitation, here we show an improved design of a hybrid nanothermometer using a single NV center in a diamond nanopillar coupled with a single magnetic nanoparticle of copper-nickel alloy, and demonstrate a temperature sensitivity of $76{\rm{\,\,\mu K\,\,H}}{{\rm{z}}^{ - 1/2}}$. This hybrid design enables detection of 2 mK temperature changes with temporal resolution of 5 ms. The ultra-sensitive nanothermometer offers a new tool to investigate thermal processes in nanoscale systems.
Topological phases of quantized light
Authors: Cai Han , Wang Da-Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Topological photonics is an emerging research area that focuses on the topological states of classical light. Here we reveal the topological phases that are intrinsic to the quantum nature of light, i.e. solely related to the quantized Fock states and the inhomogeneous coupling strengths between them. The Hamiltonian of two cavities coupled with a two-level atom is an intrinsic one-dimensional Su-Schriefer-Heeger model of Fock states. By adding another cavity, the Fock-state lattice is extended to two dimensions with a honeycomb structure, where the strain due to the inhomogeneous coupling strengths of the annihilation operator induces a Lifshitz topological phase transition between a semimetal and three band insulators within the lattice. In the semimetallic phase, the strain is equivalent to a pseudomagnetic field, which results in the quantization of the Landau levels and the valley Hall effect. We further construct an inhomogeneous Fock-state Haldane model where the topological phases can be characterized by the topological markers. With d cavities being coupled to the atom, the lattice is extended to d − 1 dimensions without an upper limit. In this study we demonstrate a fundamental distinction between the topological phases in quantum and classical optics and provide a novel platform for studying topological physics in dimensions higher than three.
Two-dimensional characterization of three-dimensional magnetic bubbles in Fe3Sn2 nanostructures
Authors: Tang Jin , Wu Yaodong , Kong Lingyao , Wang Weiwei , Chen Yutao , Wang Yihao , Soh Y , Xiong Yimin , Tian Mingliang , Du Haifeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanoscale magnetic objects in Kagome ferromagnet Fe3Sn2 nanostructures. This technique can directly detect the deflection angle of a focused electron beam, thus allowing clear identification of the real magnetic structures of two magnetic objects including three-ring and complex arch-shaped vortices in Fe3Sn2 by Lorentz-TEM imaging. Numerical calculations based on real material-specific parameters well reproduced the experimental results, showing that the magnetic objects can be attributed to integral magnetizations of two types of complex three-dimensional (3D) magnetic bubbles with depth-modulated spin twisting. Magnetic configurations obtained using the high-resolution TEM are generally considered as two-dimensional (2D) magnetic objects previously. Our results imply the importance of the integral magnetizations of underestimated 3D magnetic structures in 2D TEM magnetic characterizations.
Co13O8—metalloxocubes: a new class of perovskite-like neutral clusters with cubic aromaticity
Authors: Geng Lijun , Weng Mouyi , Xu Cong-Qiao , Zhang Hanyu , Cui Chaonan , Wu Haiming , Chen Xin , Hu Mingyu , Lin Hai , Sun Zhen-Dong , Wang Xi , Hu Han-Shi , Li Jun , Zheng Jiaxin , Luo Zhixun , Pan Feng , Yao Jiannian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Exploring stable clusters to understand structural evolution from atoms to macroscopic matter and to construct new materials is interesting yet challenging in chemistry. Utilizing our newly developed deep-ultraviolet laser ionization mass spectrometry technique, here we observe the reactions of neutral cobalt clusters with oxygen and find a very stable cluster species of Co13O8 that dominates the mass distribution in the presence of a large flow rate of oxygen gas. The results of global-minimum structural search reveal a unique cubic structure and distinctive stability of the neutral Co13O8 cluster that forms a new class of metal oxides that we named as ‘metalloxocubes’. Thermodynamics and kinetics calculations illustrate the structural evolution from icosahedral Co13 to the metalloxocube Co13O8 with decreased energy, enhanced stability and aromaticity. This class of neutral oxygen-passivated metal clusters may be an ideal candidate for genetic materials because of the cubic nature of the building blocks and the stability due to cubic aromaticity.
Precision spectroscopy of atomic helium
Authors: Sun Yu R , Hu Shui-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Helium is a prototype three-body system and has long been a model system for developing quantum mechanics theory and computational methods. The fine-structure splitting in the 23P state of helium is considered to be the most suitable for determining the fine-structure constant α in atoms. After more than 50 years of efforts by many theorists and experimentalists, we are now working toward a determination of α with an accuracy of a few parts per billion, which can be compared to the results obtained by entirely different methods to verify the self-consistency of quantum electrodynamics. Moreover, the precision spectroscopy of helium allows determination of the nuclear charge radius, and it is expected to help resolve the ‘proton radius puzzle’. In this review, we introduce the latest developments in the precision spectroscopy of the helium atom, especially the discrepancies among theoretical and experimental results, and give an outlook on future progress.
Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics for the Self-Treatment of Travelers’ Diarrhea in Global TravEpiNet, 2009–2018
Authors: Gandhi Aditya R , Rao Sowmya R , Chen Lin H , Nelson Michael D , Ryan Edward T , LaRocque Regina C , Hyle Emily P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
International travelers are often prescribed antibiotics for self-treatment of travelers’ diarrhea (TD), but the benefits and risks of antibiotics are debated. We assessed the prescribing patterns of empiric antibiotics for TD in international travelers evaluated at Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) sites (2009–2018).

Methods
We performed a prospective, multisite cross-sectional study regarding antibiotic prescriptions for the self-treatment of TD at 31 GTEN sites providing pretravel consultations to adult international travelers. We described traveler demographics, itineraries, and antibiotic(s) prescribed. We used multivariable logistic regressions to assess the association of year of consultation with antibiotic prescribing (yes/no) and class (fluoroquinolones vs azithromycin). We performed interrupted time-series analyses to examine differences in prescribing before and after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning on fluoroquinolones (July 2016).

Results
Antibiotics were not prescribed in 23 096 (22.2%) of 103 843 eligible pretravel GTEN consultations; azithromycin and fluoroquinolones were most frequently prescribed. Antibiotic prescribing declined significantly each year between 2009 and 2018 (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.89), as did fluoroquinolone prescribing, relative to azithromycin (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73–0.82). The rate of decline in fluoroquinolone prescribing was significantly greater after the FDA fluoroquinolone warning (15.3%/year) than before (1.1%/year; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Empiric antibiotics for TD were prescribed in &gt;75% of pretravel GTEN consultations, but antibiotic prescribing declined steadily between 2009 and 2018. Fluoroquinolones were less frequently prescribed than azithromycin, especially after the 2016 FDA fluoroquinolone warning. Emphasis on the risks of antibiotics may influence antibiotic prescribing by providers for empiric treatment of TD.
Low Adherence Achieves High HCV Cure Rates Among People Who Inject Drugs Treated With Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Norton Brianna L , Akiyama Matthew J , Agyemang Linda , Heo Moonseong , Pericot-Valverde Irene- , Litwin Alain H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We measured hepatitis C virus (HCV) adherence via electronic blister packs for 145 people who inject drugs treated on-site in a methadone program. The overall sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 96% (95% CI, 91%–98%), and overall daily adherence was 78% (95% CI, 76%–81%). Participants who achieved at least 50% adherence had an overall SVR rate of 99%, with each 5% adherence interval &gt;50% achieving at least 90% adherence. Suboptimal adherence may still lead to cure in the direct-acting antiviral era.
The Yield and Consistency of the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Multiple Respiratory Specimens
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Chen Meiling , Zhang Yanhua , Wen Jing , Wang Yajie , Wang Liming , Guo Jinjin , Liu Chen , Li Daijing , Wang Ying , Bai Jing , Gao Guiju , Wang Sa , Yang Di , Yu Fengting , Yan Liting , Wan Gang , Zhang Fujie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have compared the yield of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays in nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and sputum for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection.MethodsWe conducted an observational study in Beijing Ditan Hospital, China. Specimens including nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and sputum from confirmed coronavirus 2019 patients were collected for RT-PCR testing. Disease duration was calculated from the date of symptom onset to the date of specimen collection and divided into 3 groups: ≤14 days, 14–21 days, and &gt;21 days. We compared positive rates across the 3 specimens collected. The kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency of RT-PCR results between different specimens.ResultsA total of 291 specimens were collected and tested from 43 confirmed patients. Among specimens collected with a disease duration of ≤14 days, the positive rate was highest in sputum (79.2%); this rate was significantly higher than that in nasopharyngeal swabs (37.5%; P = .003) and oropharyngeal swabs (20.8%; P &lt; .001). Similar findings were observed with the disease durations of 14–21 days and &gt;21 days. The consistency of testing results between nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs was low with the disease durations of ≤14 days and &gt;21 days. The consistency between the sputum and oropharyngeal swabs and between the sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs was very low across all 3 disease durations, with statistical significance.ConclusionsCompared with nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs, sputum had the highest yield of SARS-CoV-2 detection. Nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs had a similar yield. If sputum is not feasible, a nasopharyngeal swab can be recommended for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, and early testing is needed.
Assessment of Oropharyngeal Specimens for Discontinuation of Transmission-Based COVID-19 Precautions
Authors: Barocas Joshua A , Komaromy Miriam , Haidar Deeanna , Barlam Tamar F , Orr Beverley L , Miller Nancy S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We compared oropharyngeal swab test performance with nasopharyngeal testing for discontinuation of transmission-based COVID-19 precautions. We performed a retrospective review of confirmed COVID-19-positive patients who received paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 tests for clearance from isolation from May 4, 2020, to May 26, 2020. Using nasopharyngeal swabs as the reference standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of oropharyngeal swabs. We also calculated the kappa between the 2 tests. A total of 189 paired samples were collected from 74 patients. Oropharyngeal swab sensitivity was 38%, specificity was 87%, and negative predictive value was 70%. The kappa was 0.25. Our study suggests that oropharyngeal swabs are inferior to nasopharyngeal swabs for test-based clearance from COVID-19 isolation.