bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Modeling, and Control of a New Manipulating Climbing Robot Through Infrastructures Using Adaptive Force Control Method
Authors: Boomeri V. , Tourajizadeh H. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYIn this paper, design, modeling, and control of a grip-based climbing robot are performed, which consists of a triangular chassis and three actuating legs. This robot can climb through any trusses, pipeline, and scaffolds structures and can perform any inspectional and operational tasks in the high height which decreases the falling danger of operation and increases the safety of the workers. The proposed robot can be substituted for the workers to decrease the risk of death danger and increase the safety of the operation. Since these kinds of infrastructures are truss shaped, the traditional wheel-based climbing robots are not able to travel through these structures. Therefore, in this paper, a grip-based climbing robot is designed to accomplish the climbing process through the trusses and infrastructures in order to perform inspecting and manipulating tasks. Hence, a proper mechanism for the mentioned robot is designed and its related kinematic and kinetic models are developed. Robot modeling is investigated for two different modes including climbing and manipulating phases. Considering the redundancy of the proposed robot and the parallel mechanism employed in it, the active joints are selected in a proper way and its path planning is performed to accomplish the required missions. Concerning the climbing mode, the required computed torque method (CTM) is calculated by the inverse dynamics of the robot. However, for the manipulation mode, after path planning, two controlling strategies are employed, including feedback linearization (FBL) and adaptive force control, and their results are compared as well. It is shown that the latter case is preferable since the external forces implemented on the end effector tool is not exactly predetermined and thus, the controller should adapt the robot with the exerted force pattern of the manipulator. The modeling correctness is investigated by performing some analytic and comparative simulation scenarios in the MATLAB and comparing the results with the MSC-ADAMS ones, for both climbing and manipulating phases. The efficiency of the designed controller is also proved by implementing an unknown force pattern on the manipulator to check its efficiency toward estimating the mentioned implemented forces and compensating the errors. It is shown that the designed robot can successfully climb through a truss and perform its operating task by the aid of the employed adaptive controller in an accurate way.
HOW DO DIFFERENT FORMS OF GLOSSING CONTRIBUTE TO L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING FROM READING?
Authors: Yanagisawa Akifumi , Webb Stuart , Uchihara Takumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the overall effects of glossing on L2 vocabulary learning from reading and the influence of potential moderator variables: gloss format (type, language, mode) and text and learner characteristics. A total of 359 effect sizes from 42 studies (N= 3802) meeting the inclusion criteria were meta-analyzed. The results indicated that glossed reading led to significantly greater learning of words (45.3% and 33.4% on immediate and delayed posttests, respectively) than nonglossed reading (26.6% and 19.8%). Multiple-choice glosses were the most effective, and in-text glosses and glossaries were the least effective gloss types. L1 glosses yielded greater learning than L2 glosses. We found no interaction between language (L1, L2) and proficiency (beginner, intermediate, advanced), and no significant difference among modes of glossing (textual, pictorial, auditory). Learning gains were moderated by test formats (recall, recognition, other), comprehension of text, and proficiency.
Neutering in dogs and cats: current scientific evidence and importance of adequate nutritional management
Authors: Vendramini Thiago H. A. , Amaral Andressa R. , Pedrinelli Vivian , Zafalon Rafael V. A. , Rodrigues Roberta B. A. , Brunetto Marcio A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeutering or spaying is a commonly recommended veterinary procedure. However, veterinarians are often confronted with conflicting findings and differences in concepts regarding practice and proper nutritional management after the procedure. The objective of the present review was to bring to light the most recent literature, summarise it and discuss the findings focusing on the risks and benefits of neutering in dogs and cats, and to determine the appropriate nutritional management for these animals.
The impact of experience on how we perceive the rule of law
Authors: Arruñada Benito 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExperience is a major source of knowledge. Could institutions be improved by eliciting the additional knowledge held by experienced individuals? I show here that in several areas of the law experienced individuals are more critical of institutional quality than inexperienced individuals. Moreover, performance indexes built with experienced subsamples substantially alter country rankings. Assuming no unmeasured confounders, more knowledge arguably leads experienced individuals to revise the more benign view held by the general population, composed mostly of inexperienced individuals. Moreover, experience is a stronger driver than alternative sources of knowledge, including education, which might therefore be reinforcing milder and, arguably, incorrect assessments of institutional quality. After observing how this ‘experience effect’ varies systematically across countries, I conclude by proposing that evaluations of institutional quality pay greater attention to experienced individuals and cautioning against basing inferences on assessments made by the general population.
Current Status of the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA)
Authors: Kremen William S. , Franz Carol E. , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) is a longitudinal behavioral genetic study with a primary focus on cognitive and brain aging in men, particularly early identification of risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It comprises a subset of over 1600 twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Twins live all over the USA. Assessments began when participants were in their 50s. Follow-ups were conducted every 5–6 years, and wave 3 has been completed as of this writing. The age range of participants is narrow (about 10 years). An extensive neurocognitive test battery has added precision in assessing differences in middle-aged adults, and predicting progression to MCI. Young adult cognitive test data (at an average age of 20 years) provide a means of disentangling aging effects from longstanding differences. Genome wide genotyping and plasma assays of AD biomarkers from waves 1 and 3 were conducted in wave 3. These features make the VETSA ideal for studying the heterogeneity of within-individual trajectories from midlife to old age, and for early detection of risk factors for cognitive decline.
Ramp‐Like PM Accumulation Process and Z‐Less Similarity in the Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Shi Yu , Hu Fei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSimilar ramp‐like structures exist in the time variations of surface PM
accumulation during the four different heavy haze pollution processes in Beijing, from 3 November 2017 to 15 January 2018. Based on the ultrasonic anemometer observations at seven different altitudes on a 325 m tower, it is shown that turbulence momentum flux exchanges between different altitudes were very weak during the ramp period of PM
concentration. Turbulence at the higher altitude associated with strong wind shear, occasionally mixed downward toward the surface, showing upside‐down transportation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), especially during the rapid removal stage of the pollution. This was different from the traditional upward TKE transportation above the surface. Vertical distribution of nondimensionalized standard deviation of the horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, and potential temperature in the stable boundary layer within the ramp‐like structure show obvious “z‐less” similarity, independent of
, and almost equal to constants (
/
3.9,
/
1.52, and
/
3.96).
N-acetylcysteine mitigates acute opioid withdrawal behaviors and CNS oxidative stress in neonatal rats
Authors: Ward Price , Moss Hunter G. , Brown Truman R. , Kalivas Peter , Jenkins Dorothea D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a significant problem. Opioid withdrawal induces oxidative stress and disrupts glutamate and glutathione homeostasis. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered during acute opioid withdrawal in neonatal rats would decrease withdrawal behaviors and normalize CNS glutathione and glutamate.

Methods
Osmotic minipumps with methadone (opioid dependent, OD) and saline (Sham) were implanted into Sprague Dawley dams 7 days prior to delivery. Pups were randomized to receive either naloxone plus saline or NAC (50–100 mg/kg), administered on postnatal day (PND) 7. We performed MR spectroscopy on PND6–7 before, 30 min, and 120 min after withdrawal. On PND7, we assessed withdrawal behaviors for 90 min after naloxone administration and summed scores during peak withdrawal period.

Results
Mean summed behavioral scores were significantly different between groups (χ2 (2) = 10.49, p = 0.005) but not different between NAC/NAL/OD and Sham (p = 0.14): SAL/NAL/OD = 17.2 ± 4.2 (n = 10); NAC/NAL/OD = 11.3 ± 5.6 (n = 9); Sham = 6.5 ± 0.6 (n = 4). SAL/NAL/OD pups had decreased glutathione at 120 min (p = 0.01), while NAC/NAL/OD pups maintained pre-withdrawal glutathione (p = 0.26).

Conclusion
In antenatal OD, NAC maintains CNS glutathione and mitigates acute opioid withdrawal in neonatal rats. This is the first study to demonstrate acute opioid withdrawal neurochemical changes in vivo in neonatal OD. NAC is a potential novel treatment for NAS.
Tensor-network approach for quantum metrology in many-body quantum systems
Authors: Chabuda Krzysztof , Dziarmaga Jacek , Osborne Tobias J. , Demkowicz-Dobrzański Rafał 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentification of the optimal quantum metrological protocols in realistic many particle quantum models is in general a challenge that cannot be efficiently addressed by the state-of-the-art numerical and analytical methods. Here we provide a comprehensive framework exploiting matrix product operators (MPO) type tensor networks for quantum metrological problems. The maximal achievable estimation precision as well as the optimal probe states in previously inaccessible regimes can be identified including models with short-range noise correlations. Moreover, the application of infinite MPO (iMPO) techniques allows for a direct and efficient determination of the asymptotic precision in the limit of infinite particle numbers. We illustrate the potential of our framework in terms of an atomic clock stabilization (temporal noise correlation) example as well as magnetic field sensing (spatial noise correlations). As a byproduct, the developed methods may be used to calculate the fidelity susceptibility—a parameter widely used to study phase transitions.
Efficient lateral-structure perovskite single crystal solar cells with high operational stability
Authors: Song Yilong , Bi Weihui , Wang Anran , Liu Xiaoting , Kang Yifei , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of perovskite polycrystalline thin film solar cells has rapidly increased in recent years, while the stability still lags behind due to its low thermal stability as well as the fast ion migration along the massive grain boundaries. Here, stable and efficient lateral-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are achieved based on perovskite single crystals. By optimizing anode contact with a simple surface treatment, the open circuit voltage and fill factor dramatically increase and promote the efficiency of the devices exceeding 11% (0.05 to 1 Sun) compared to that of 5.9% (0.25 Sun) of the best lateral-structure single crystal PSCs previously reported. Devices show excellent operational stability and no degradation observed after 200 h continuous operation at maximum power point under 1 Sun illumination. Devices with scalable architectures are investigated by utilizing interdigital electrodes, which show huge potential to realize low cost and highly efficient perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Optically pumped colloidal-quantum-dot lasing in LED-like devices with an integrated optical cavity
Authors: Roh Jeongkyun , Park Young-Shin , Lim Jaehoon , Klimov Victor I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRealization of electrically pumped lasing with solution processable materials will have a revolutionary impact on many disciplines including photonics, chemical sensing, and medical diagnostics. Due to readily tunable, size-controlled emission wavelengths, colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for attaining this goal. Here we use specially engineered QDs to demonstrate devices that operate as both a light emitting diode (LED) and an optically pumped laser. These structures feature a distributed feedback resonator integrated into a bottom LED electrode. By carefully engineering a refractive-index profile across the device, we are able to obtain good confinement of a waveguided mode within the QD medium, which allows for demonstrating low-threshold lasing even with an ultrathin (about three QD monolayers) active layer. These devices also exhibit strong electroluminescence (EL) under electrical pumping. The conducted studies suggest that the demonstrated dual-function (lasing/EL) structures represent a promising device platform for realizing colloidal QD laser diodes.
Enhanced JunD/RSK3 signalling due to loss of BRD4/FOXD3/miR-548d-3p axis determines BET inhibition resistance
Authors: Tai Fang , Gong Kunxiang , Song Kai , He Yanling , Shi Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi), such as JQ1, have been demonstrated to effectively kill multiple types of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for BETi resistance remain largely unknown. Our evidences show that JQ1 treatment evicts BRD4 from the FOXD3-localized MIR548D1 gene promoter, leading to repression of miR-548d-3p. The loss of miRNA restores JunD expression and subsequent JunD-dependent transcription of RPS6KA2 gene. ERK1/2/5 kinases phosphorylate RSK3 (RPS6KA2), resulting in the enrichment of activated RSK3 and blockade of JQ1 killing effect. Dual inhibition of MEKs/ERKs or single EGFR inhibition are able to mimic the effect of JunD/RSK3-knockdown to reverse BETi resistance. Collectively, our study indicates that loss of BRD4/FOXD3/miR-548d-3p axis enhances JunD/RSK3 signalling and determines BET inhibition resistance, which can be reversed by targeting EGFR-MEK1/2/5-ERK1/2/5 signalling.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation chemistry in a plasma jet revealed by IR-UV action spectroscopy
Authors: Lemmens Alexander K. , Rap Daniël B. , Thunnissen Johannes M. M. , Willemsen Bryan , Rijs Anouk M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most abundant complex molecules in the interstellar medium; however, their possible formation pathways from small molecular species are still elusive. In the present work, we follow and characterize the formation of PAHs in an electrical discharge, specifically the PAH naphthalene in a molecular beam of argon. The fragments, products and reaction intermediates are unambiguously structurally identified by mass-selective IR-UV spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. This experiment provides evidence of the formation of larger PAHs containing up to four cyclic rings in the gas phase originating from a non-radical PAH molecule as a precursor. In addition to PAH formation, key resonance stabilized radical intermediates and intermediates containing di-acetylenic side groups are unambiguously identified in our experiment. We thereby not only reveal competing formation pathways to larger PAHs, but also identify intermediate species to PAH formation that are candidates for detection in radio-astronomy.
Propagation dynamics of spin excitations along skyrmion strings
Authors: Seki S. , Garst M. , Waizner J. , Takagi R. , Khanh N. D. , Okamura Y. , Kondou K. , Kagawa F. , Otani Y. , Tokura Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions, topological solitons characterized by a two-dimensional swirling spin texture, have recently attracted attention as stable particle-like objects. In a three-dimensional system, a skyrmion can extend in the third dimension forming a robust and flexible string structure, whose unique topology and symmetry are anticipated to host nontrivial functional responses. Here we experimentally demonstrate the coherent propagation of spin excitations along skyrmion strings for the chiral-lattice magnet Cu2OSeO3. We find that this propagation is directionally non-reciprocal and the degree of non-reciprocity, as well as group velocity and decay length, are strongly dependent on the character of the excitation modes. These spin excitations can propagate over a distance exceeding 50 μm, demonstrating the excellent long-range ordered nature of the skyrmion-string structure. Our combined experimental and theoretical analyses offer a comprehensive account of the propagation dynamics of skyrmion-string excitations and suggest the possibility of unidirectional information transfer along such topologically protected strings.
Attenuation of TCR-induced transcription by Bach2 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and homeostasis
Authors: Sidwell Tom , Liao Yang , Garnham Alexandra L. , Vasanthakumar Ajithkumar , Gloury Renee , Blume Jonas , Teh Peggy P. , Chisanga David , Thelemann Christoph , de Labastida Rivera Fabian , Engwerda Christian R. , Corcoran Lynn , Kometani Kohei , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Smyth Gordon K. , Shi Wei , Kallies Axel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDifferentiation and homeostasis of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are strictly controlled by T-cell receptor (TCR) signals; however, molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are incompletely understood. Here we show that Bach2 is an important regulator of Treg cell differentiation and homeostasis downstream of TCR signaling. Bach2 prevents premature differentiation of fully suppressive effector Treg (eTreg) cells, limits IL-10 production and is required for the development of peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Bach2 attenuates TCR signaling-induced IRF4-dependent Treg cell differentiation. Deletion of IRF4 promotes inducible Treg cell differentiation and rescues pTreg cell differentiation in the absence of Bach2. In turn, loss of Bach2 normalizes eTreg cell differentiation of IRF4-deficient Treg cells. Mechanistically, Bach2 counteracts the DNA-binding activity of IRF4 and limits chromatin accessibility, thereby attenuating IRF4-dependent transcription. Thus, Bach2 balances TCR signaling induced transcriptional activity of IRF4 to maintain homeostasis of thymically-derived and peripherally-derived Treg cells.
Control of locomotor speed, arousal, and hippocampal theta rhythms by the nucleus incertus
Authors: Lu Lihui , Ren Yuqi , Yu Tao , Liu Zhixiang , Wang Sice , Tan Lubin , Zeng Jiawei , Feng Qiru , Lin Rui , Liu Yang , Guo Qingchun , Luo Minmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNavigation requires not only the execution of locomotor programs but also high arousal and real-time retrieval of spatial memory that is often associated with hippocampal theta oscillations. However, the neural circuits for coordinately controlling these important processes remain to be fully dissected. Here we show that the activity of the neuromedin B (NMB) neurons in the nucleus incertus (NI) is tightly correlated with mouse locomotor speed, arousal level, and hippocampal theta power. These processes are reversibly suppressed by optogenetic inhibition and rapidly promoted by optogenetic stimulation of NI NMB neurons. These neurons form reciprocal connections with several subcortical areas associated with arousal, theta oscillation, and premotor processing. Their projections to multiple downstream stations regulate locomotion and hippocampal theta, with the projection to the medial septum being particularly important for promoting arousal. Therefore, NI NMB neurons functionally impact the neural circuit for navigation control according to particular brains states.
Coordination assembly of 2D ordered organic metal chalcogenides with widely tunable electronic band gaps
Authors: Li Yanzhou , Jiang Xiaoming , Fu Zhihua , Huang Qingqing , Wang Guan-E. , Deng Wei-Hua , Wang Chen , Li Zhenzhu , Yin Wanjian , Chen Banglin , Xu Gang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEngineering the band gap chemically by organic molecules is a powerful tool with which to optimize the properties of inorganic 2D materials. The obtained materials are however still limited by inhomogeneous compositions and properties at nanoscale and small adjustable band gap ranges. To overcome these problems in the traditional exfoliation and then organic modification strategy, an organic modification and then exfoliation strategy was explored in this work for preparing 2D organic metal chalcogenides (OMCs). Unlike the reported organically modified 2D materials, the inorganic layers of OMCs are fully covered by long-range ordered organic functional groups. By changing the electron-donating ability of the organic functional groups and the electronegativity of the metals, the band gaps of OMCs were varied by 0.83 eV and their conductivities were modulated by 9 orders of magnitude, which are 2 and 107 times higher than the highest values observed in the reported chemical methods, respectively.
FBA Ecological Guild: Trio of Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes Alliance against Actinobacteria in Human Oral Microbiome
Authors: Li Wendy , Ma Zhanshan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a pioneering study, Zaura et al. (2009) found that majority of oral microbes fall within the five phyla including, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Subsequent studies further identified a set of microbes that were commonly shared among unrelated individuals (i.e., core). However, these existing studies may have not been designed to investigate the interactions among various core species. Here by harnessing the power of ecological network analysis, we identified some important ecological guilds in the form of network clusters. In particular, we found that the strongest cluster is an alliance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes against Actinobacteria (FBA-guild). Within the guild, we further identified two sub-guilds, the Actinobacteria-dominant sub-guild (ASG) and Firmicutes-dominant allied with Bacteroidetes sub-guild (FBSG). Furthermore, we identified so-termed guard nodes in both sub-guilds, and their role may be to inhibit the peer sub-guild given they held competitive interactions only with the outside nodes only but held cooperative interactions only with the internal nodes, which we termed civilian nodes given that they only held cooperative interactions. We postulated that FBA-guild might be to do with protection of oral health against some opportunistic pathogens from Corynebacterium and Actinomyces, the two major genera of Actinobacteria (target of FB alliance).