bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation Method of Pollutant Emissions in Certain Aircraft Flight
Authors: Song H , Yue L , Han X , Wei Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper intends to calculate the emissions of pollutants during the route flight quantitatively. In this paper, the flight dynamics model of the climb, cruise and descent phases are established respectively. Then, the pollutant emission estimation model of the aircraft is established based on the ICAO LTO model and the benchmark emissions data of engine manufacturers. Take certain civil aviation aircraft into account, a typical route is simulated, then the emissions of various pollutants at different flight stages are calculated and analyzed. Finally, several typical cruise strategies are selected for further comparative analysis. The results show that CO2 and NOX are the main pollutants during route flight. In addition, the pollutant emissions during the cruise phase are the highest, and the pollutant emissions during route flight can be effectively reduced by choosing the appropriate cruise strategy. The research results can be used to quantify and analyze the impact of flight performance optimization on civil aviation energy conservation and emission reduction, so as to better satisfy the requirements of green operations while ensuring flight safety.
Research on Reliability Evaluation Method of Multi - rotor UAV Airborne Controller
Authors: Zhang Gaowei , Dong Xiaoqun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The reliability of multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the airborne controller is one of the research focus in UAV filed. In order to evaluate the reliability life of multi - rotor UAV airborne controller, this paper studied the basic principle of reliability life qualification firstly. Secondly, this paper focused on the analysis of the task profile of the multi-rotor UAV airborne controller, as well as the temperature, electricity and vibration stress of each task stage. Thirdly, the test profiles and specific parameters of each stress in the reliability test were determined. Lastly, some tests were done to verify the method proposed in the article. The reliability evaluation method of the multi - rotor UAV airborne controller proposed in this paper can be used in the practical application of UAV enterprises. It has good guiding significance.
Sounding Rockets Scattering Factors and their Influence on Motion Accuracy
Authors: Zosimovych Nickolay 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The increase of sounding rocket active part of trajectory compared to the “normal” can be due to the launches of ballistic flying vehicle for the maximum specified range. In this case, rockets should use propulsion systems with a relatively low fuel specific impulse. This effect also occurs in case of implementation of minimum scattering programs during launches at intermediate ranges (between the minimum and maximum mission ranges). In proposed research was developed methods for analysing the influencing of ballistic and navigation support the uncertain factors on the accuracy of sounding rocket motion with an extended active part of trajectory and was given a relevant assessment to the contribution of each component in relation to specific cases of their occurrence.
Research on Design Method of High Speed and High Dynamic Pressure Separation Structure
Authors: Jian Xu , Siyi Fan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The inter-stage separation scheme has always been the focus and difficulty of low-altitude high-speed aircraft design. The separation reliability of low altitude high-speed aircraft is required to be higher. Experts and scholars have carried out design research on different forms of separation schemes. In this paper, two typical kind of inter-stage separation schemes are introduced. For aircraft A, a point cold separation scheme is adopted, which is connected by four explosive bolts, and two piston push rods provide separation impulse. For aircraft B, exhaust ports are opened on both sides of the rear of the transition section. The tail section is equipped with four “X” full-motion rudders for flight control. In addition, two horizontal stabilizers were added to improve stability. Based on the comparison and analysis of different inter-stage separation schemes for The separation reliability of low altitude high-speed aircraft is required to be higher. Experts and scholars have carried out design research on different forms of separation schemes. two different types of aircraft A and aircraft B, a new high reliability interstage separation scheme is proposed, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation analysis, and the design of the stage separation structure under high dynamic pressure and high speed with compact layout is realized.
Study on the Computation Method for the Generalized Force and Mass of Flexible Aerial Rudder in Space Vehicle
Authors: Peng-fei Guo , Jian-hui Wu , Wei-qiang Zhang , Yong Zhang , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aerial rudders are significant actuators in the spacecraft control systems and are responsible for the stability and control of different motions such as pitching, yawing and rolling around mass center. With the development of new generation of space vehicles, high speed flight demonstration, light and thin aerial rudders with large span-chord ratio have been widely used. In the design of control strategies in pitching, yawing and rolling channels and control feedback loop parameters, the influence caused by aerial rudder elastic deformation should be considered particularly. In this paper, elastic motion equations of the spacecraft flexible rudder are studied firstly. Then, according to the modal vibration features, aerodynamic force derivative distribution characteristics and generalized force expressions, the rudder station division and computation method of generalized rudder aerodynamic force derivatives are proposed in the pitching, yawing and rolling channels based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation. By comparison the results of the proposed method with these of the traditional computation methods, the accuracy and validity of the proposed method are verified which can provide considerable references and basis in the control design of flexible rudder in the spacecraft.
Research on the Operating Mechanicals of the Helicopter Robot Pilot
Authors: Jin Zibo , Li Daochun , Wang Ziyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The requirements for the quantity and quality of pilots are getting more and more demanding. The helicopter robot pilot was put forward as a new autonomous driving scheme which can achieve fast switch between pilot driving and autonomous driving without modifying helicopters. The overall design of the robot was determined and the actuators of the robot was demonstrated in detail according to the handling characteristics of helicopter manipulation mechanism. Based on the detailed design scheme, the robot pilot was processed and assembled. In order to test the control performance of the robot pilot, the robot was installed in the flight simulator to carry out helicopter flight simulations. The test results illustrated that the robot pilot is able to accomplish basic flight control of helicopter.
Research on the Influence and Control of Obstacles Around the DVOR
Authors: Ye Jiaquan , Li Yuankai , Liang Fei , Xu Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the influence and control of obstacles around the DVOR and propose the control methods by combining the standards and theories. First of all, according the relevant technical standards of GB6364-2013 and MH/T4003.1-2014 to control the height of obstacles, then perform modeling and simulation and analyze whether obstacles will affect the signal coverage of DVOR. In order to prevent attenuation, this paper strictly controls the height of obstacles based on the theory of signal propagation, the Fresnel Zone principle and Diffraction theory. The results show that technical standards are the minimum operating requirements when used. When we set the height of obstacles only reply on the technical standards, the signal will not fully meet the signal coverage of requirements. It is necessary to analyze and control the obstacles deeply according to actual condition.
The Research on Redundant Design in Civil Aircraft Design
Authors: Cheng Bing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article explores the redundant design in the design of civil aircraft. It’s based on the meaning of giving redundancy beyond the basic needs to the parts or the products by redundant design. And this article also conducts targeted research on several typical redundant design methods such as redundant design in sketch, redundant design steps in part, integrated design of parts, redundant parts in assembly and redundant assembly of the civil aircraft. The redundant design formulas corresponding to different design methods are obtained by analyzing specific design examples. It is found in the research that redundant designs and components are also effective ways to optimize the design of the structure and to pre-solve a series of problems that may appear in subsequent stages. Moreover, the realizations of the requirements are compared between the step-by-step redundant design and the integrated redundant design. And it is found that the step-by-step redundant design is a better design method.
Graphene-diamond junction photoemission microscopy and electronic interactions
Authors: Wan Gary , Panditharatne Sanjeevani , Fox Neil A , Cattelan Mattia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Polycrystalline graphene was transferred onto differently terminated epitaxial layers of boron-doped diamond deposited onto single crystal substrates. Chemical and electronic characterisation was performed using energy-filtered photoemission electron microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Electronic interaction between the diamond and graphene was observed, where doping of the graphene on the hydrogen and oxygen terminated diamond was n-doping of 250 meV and 0 meV respectively. We found that the wide window of achievable graphene doping is effectively determined by the diamond surface dipole, easily tuneable with a varying surface functionalisation. A Schottky junction using the graphene-diamond structure was clearly observed and shown to reduce downward band bending of the hydrogen terminated diamond, producing a Schottky barrier height of 330 meV.
Structural and optical properties of sol-gel synthesized h-MoO3 nanorods treated by gamma radiation
Authors: Sen Sapan Kumar , Mortuza Abdul Al , Manir M S , Pervez M F , Hossain S M A I , Shah Alam Md , Haque M A S , Matin M A , Hakim M A , Huda Ain-ul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High energy external gamma radiation has always an impact on semiconductor material by altering its physico-chemical properties. In this paper, the effect of gamma-radiation is observed on sol-gel synthesized metastable h-MoO3 nanorods with absorbed dose variation. The irradiated sample shows a remarkable change in their structural parameters such as average crystallite size decreased, strain, and dislocation density increased and so on are confirmed from the x-ray diffraction (XRD). Functional groups and the corresponding vibration and stretching are analyzed from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The change in surface morphology is observed from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image and found no remarkable change. However, the optical band gap decreases with increasing absorbed dose and calculated 2.84 eV, 2.82 eV, 2.80 eV and 2.77 eV for 0 kGy, 40 kGy, 80 kGy, and 120 kGy, respectively by Kubelka-Munk (K-M) function from the diffuse reflectance data of UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer.
Efficient dynamic variation graphs
Authors: Eizenga Jordan M , Novak Adam M , Kobayashi Emily , Villani Flavia , Cisar Cecilia , Heumos Simon , Hickey Glenn , Colonna Vincenza , Paten Benedict , Garrison Erik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Pangenomics is a growing field within computational genomics. Many pangenomic analyses use bidirected sequence graphs as their core data model. However, implementing and correctly using this data model can be difficult, and the scale of pangenomic datasets can be challenging to work at. These challenges have impeded progress in this field.

Results
Here, we present a stack of two C++ libraries, libbdsg and libhandlegraph, which use a simple, field-proven interface, designed to expose elementary features of these graphs while preventing common graph manipulation mistakes. The libraries also provide a Python binding. Using a diverse collection of pangenome graphs, we demonstrate that these tools allow for efficient construction and manipulation of large genome graphs with dense variation. For instance, the speed and memory usage are up to an order of magnitude better than the prior graph implementation in the VG toolkit, which has now transitioned to using libbdsg’s implementations.

Availability and implementation
libhandlegraph and libbdsg are available under an MIT License from https://github.com/vgteam/libhandlegraph and https://github.com/vgteam/libbdsg.
A developmental approach expanding the knowledge of inflorescence diversity in subtribe Eleusininae (Chloridoideae: Poaceae)
Authors: Muchut Sebastián E , Pilatti Vanesa , Reutemann Andrea G , Vegetti Abelardo C , Reinheimer Renata 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubtribe Eleusininae (Chloridoideae, Poaceae) comprise 237 species with little morphological diversity in inflorescence structure. This diversity may be explained by an evolution from complex (pyramidal, highly branched) to simpler (digitate, barely branched) morphologies. However, only mature specimens have been studied; the developmental analyses of the inflorescences are rare. We analysed the inflorescence, spikelet and flower development of 17 species of Eleusininae using scanning electron microscopy. In the early stages of the transition to flowering of the studied species, the inflorescence meristem elongates initiating primary branches acropetally. The differentiation of these branches along the main axis is either basipetal or amphipetal. Although the initiation of secondary branches along primary branches may be acropetal or amphipetal, their differentiation follows an amphipetal direction. The florets in spikelets are initiated acropetally. We found abnormal orientation of stamens and gynoecium in florets of Leptochloa chloridiformis. The analysis of the ontogeny has enriched current knowledge of inflorescences in the subtribe. In addition, the developmental patterns revealed the existence of more than one developmental pattern leading to similar mature inflorescence forms. The results will support future efforts on postulating trends of developmental patterns across Poaceae.
Reduced Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Bedaquiline During Antituberculosis Treatment and Its Correlation With Clinical Outcomes in China
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Gao Mengqiu , Du Jian , Wang Lu , Gao Jingtao , Shu Wei , Wang Yufeng , Xue Zhongtan , Li Liang , Pang Yu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
We aimed to assess the proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases with initial bedaquiline (BDQ) resistance, monitor the dynamics of BDQ susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates during therapy, and correlate susceptibility with MDR-TB patient clinical outcomes in China.

Methods
A retrospective, cohort study of MDR-TB patients was conducted, with positive cultures collected from cases at 13 sites. Patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection during anti-TB therapy were excluded. BDQ minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a 7H9 Middlebrook broth-based microdilution method. Mutations that conferred BDQ resistance were detected via Sanger sequencing.

Results
A total of 277 patients receiving BDQ treatment were studied, with BDQ resistance noted in isolates from 2.2% (6/277) of MDR-TB cases, sputum conversion observed in 5 cases, and culture conversion observed in 138 cases within 2 weeks. Another 15 and 30 isolates were excluded from final analysis due to failures in obtaining subcultures and serial isolates, respectively. Of 94 cases that yielded serial isolates, 11 exhibited reduced BDQ susceptibility, while 3 of 5 cases with acquired resistance failed to culture-convert. Sequence analysis revealed that 6 of 11 BDQ-resistant isolates harbored Rv0678 mutations; no mutations were detected in 3 other BDQ resistance-associated genes. No significant intergroup difference in culture conversion time was observed.

Conclusions
MDR-TB patients in China exhibited a low initial BDQ resistance rate. MDR-TB cases with acquired BDQ resistance were at greater risk of treatment failure relative to initially BDQ-resistant cases. Rv0678 mutations accounted for BDQ resistance in this cohort.
Lemuria: A Novel Future Crop Prediction Algorithm Using Data Mining
Authors: Tamil Selvi M , Jaison B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Agriculture exhibitions an important role in the progression and enlargement of the economy of any country. Prediction of crop yield will be useful for farmers, but it is difficult to predict crop yield because of the climatic factors such as rainfall, soil factors and so on. To tackle these issues, we are implementing a novel algorithm called Lemuria by applying data mining in agriculture especially for crop yield analysis and prediction. This novel algorithm is the hybridization of classifiers for pre-training, training and testing: deep belief network for feature learning, k-means clustering together with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to get the global solution as well as naïve Bayes clustering with PSO for testing. The performance of the Lemuria algorithm is evaluated in Python, which provides an accuracy of 97.74% for crop prediction by considering the rainfall dataset and also stated that this gives the optimum results in comparison with the existing methodologies.
A bibliographical imbroglio: Books 1 and 2 of Couperin’s Pièces de clavecin
Authors: Herlin Denis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the preparation of a new critical edition of Couperin’s keyboard music for Bärenreiter (Book 1, 2016; Book 2, 2018), I examined 72 exemplars of the first book and 52 of the second, listed variously in RISM and in French regional library catalogues. This large number of surviving exemplars is testimony to the exceptionally wide diffusion of these publications and also their remarkable influence, even though Couperin’s music was never taken up by publishers outside France. Careful collation of these exemplars has allowed the identification of no fewer than 16 impressions of Book 1 and 15 impressions of Book 2. The existence of so many variant versions of the two books raises questions about the nature of the corrections made at various times by the composer himself; about the process by which these volumes were assembled prior to sale; and, more broadly, about how the retailing of sheet music was organized.
Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 11 122 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: a nationwide cohort
Authors: Reilev Mette , Kristensen Kasper Bruun , Pottegård Anton , Lund Lars Christian , Hallas Jesper , Ernst Martin Thomsen , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Johansen Nanna Borup , Brun Nikolai Constantin , Voldstedlund Marianne , Støvring Henrik , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Christensen Steffen , Gubbels Sophie , Krause Tyra Grove , Mølbak Kåre , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Population-level knowledge on individuals at high risk of severe and fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is urgently needed to inform targeted protection strategies in the general population.

Methods
We examined characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in a nationwide cohort of all Danish individuals tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 27 February 2020 until 19 May 2020.

Results
We identified 11 122 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive cases of whom 80% were community-managed and 20% were hospitalized. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 5.2%. Age was strongly associated with fatal disease {odds ratio [OR] 15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9–26] for 70–79 years, increasing to OR 90 (95% CI: 50–162) for ≥90 years, when compared with cases aged 50–59 years and adjusted for sex and number of co-morbidities}. Similarly, the number of co-morbidities was associated with fatal disease [OR 5.2 (95% CI: 3.4–8.0), for cases with at least four co-morbidities vs no co-morbidities] and 79% of fatal cases had at least two co-morbidities. Most major chronic diseases were associated with hospitalization, with ORs ranging from 1.3–1.4 (e.g. stroke, ischaemic heart disease) to 2.6–3.4 (e.g. heart failure, hospital-diagnosed kidney disease, organ transplantation) and with mortality with ORs ranging from 1.1–1.3 (e.g. ischaemic heart disease, hypertension) to 2.5–3.2 (e.g. major psychiatric disorder, organ transplantation). In the absence of co-morbidities, mortality was &lt;5% in persons aged ≤80 years.

Conclusions
In this nationwide population-based COVID-19 study, increasing age and multimorbidity were strongly associated with hospitalization and death. In the absence of co-morbidities, the mortality was, however, &lt;5% until the age of 80 years.
Journey from the West: first record of the Indian Ocean pilumnid crab Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Kingsley J H , Tsang Ling Ming , Ng Peter K L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pilumnid crab Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936), native to the Arabian Sea and western Indian Ocean, has been discovered among intertidal fouling communities along shores of Hong Kong. The species was first discovered in 2011 and is believed to have become established by around 2016. Material from local sites was compared with specimens from Iran and Pakistan, and the identification was supported by molecular analyses using mtDNA COI gene sequences. This species is not yet known from East and Southeast Asia, and was probably transported to Hong Kong by international maritime shipping, likely in the ballast water or on the hulls of ships, and subsequently survived as a non-indigenous species (NIS). This represents the first case of west-to-east invasion of brachyuran crabs from the Indian Ocean reaching sub-tropical East Asia. Past studies on the local intertidal fauna, and documentations of NIS, are briefly discussed.