bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanobacterial blooms contribute to the diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Zhenyan , Lu Tao , Peijnenburg W. J. G. M. , Gillings Michael , Yang Xiaoru , Chen Jianmeng , Penuelas Josep , Zhu Yong-Guan , Zhou Ning-Yi , Su Jianqiang , Qian Haifeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms are a global ecological problem that directly threatens human health and crop safety. Cyanobacteria have toxic effects on aquatic microorganisms, which could drive the selection for resistance genes. The effect of cyanobacterial blooms on the dispersal and abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) of concern to human health remains poorly known. We herein investigated the effect of cyanobacterial blooms on ARG composition in Lake Taihu, China. The numbers and relative abundances of total ARGs increased obviously during a Planktothrix bloom. More pathogenic microorganisms were present during this bloom than during a Planktothrix bloom or during the non-bloom period. Microcosmic experiments using additional aquatic ecosystems (an urban river and Lake West) found that a coculture of Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii increased the richness of the bacterial community, because its phycosphere provided a richer microniche for bacterial colonization and growth. Antibiotic-resistance bacteria were naturally in a rich position, successfully increasing the momentum for the emergence and spread of ARGs. These results demonstrate that cyanobacterial blooms are a crucial driver of ARG diffusion and enrichment in freshwater, thus providing a reference for the ecology and evolution of ARGs and ARBs and for better assessing and managing water quality.
Individual variability in functional connectivity architecture of the mouse brain
Authors: Bergmann Eyal , Gofman Xenia , Kavushansky Alexandra , Kahn Itamar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years precision fMRI has emerged in human brain research, demonstrating characterization of individual differences in brain organization. However, mechanistic investigations to the sources of individual variability are limited in humans and thus require animal models. Here, we used resting-state fMRI in awake mice to quantify the contribution of individual variation to the functional architecture of the mouse cortex. We found that the mouse connectome is also characterized by stable individual features that support connectivity-based identification. Unlike in humans, we found that individual variation is homogeneously distributed in sensory and association networks. Finally, connectome-based predictive modeling of motor behavior in the rotarod task revealed that individual variation in functional connectivity explained behavioral variability. Collectively, these results establish the feasibility of precision fMRI in mice and lay the foundation for future mechanistic investigations of individual brain organization and pre-clinical studies of brain disorders in the context of personalized medicine.
Weighing picogram aerosol droplets with an optical balance
Authors: Reich Oliver , David Grégory , Esat Kιvanç , Signorell Ruth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptical traps are used to isolate and manipulate small objects in air and liquids, enabling the thorough characterization of their properties in situ. However, no broadly applicable technique for mass measurements of optically trapped objects is currently available. Here we propose an optical balance for mass measurements of optically trapped aerosol particles. By analyzing light-induced harmonic oscillations of a particle, its mass is determined non-destructively and with high accuracy on a time scale of seconds. Its performance is demonstrated for aqueous salt droplets, where masses as low as 4 pg (4 × 10−15 kg) have been measured with an accuracy of ~100 fg. The balance is straightforward to implement and broadly applicable.
Deterioration mechanism of perovskite solar cells by operando observation of spin states
Authors: Watanabe Takahiro , Yamanari Toshihiro , Marumoto Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells are attractive because of their remarkably improved power conversion efficiency. In view of their application, however, it is important not only to increase the power conversion efficiency, but also to elucidate the deterioration mechanism. Here, we show operando direct observation of spin states in the cells using electron spin resonance, thereby investigating the operation and deterioration mechanisms from a microscopic viewpoint. By simultaneous measurements of solar cell characteristics and electron spin resonance, the spin states in the hole transport material spiro-OMeTAD are demonstrated to change in accordance with the device performance variation under operation. These variations are ascribed to the change of hole transport and to interfacial electric dipole layers. Reverse electron transfer from TiO2 to the hole transport material layer is demonstrated under ultraviolet light irradiation, which decreases hole doping. Conducting such operando microscopic investigation will be useful to obtain further guidelines for improving the device performance and durability.
Structural changes during glass formation extracted by computational homology with machine learning
Authors: Hirata Akihiko , Wada Tomohide , Obayashi Ippei , Hiraoka Yasuaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe structural origin of the slow dynamics in glass formation remains to be understood owing to the subtle structural differences between the liquid and glass states. Even from simulations, where the positions of all atoms are deterministic, it is difficult to extract significant structural components for glass formation. In this study, we have extracted significant local atomic structures from a large number of metallic glass models with different cooling rates by utilising a computational persistent homology method combined with linear machine learning techniques. A drastic change in the extended range atomic structure consisting of 3–9 prism-type atomic clusters, rather than a change in individual atomic clusters, was found during the glass formation. The present method would be helpful towards understanding the hierarchical features of the unique static structure of the glass states.
Arrival and magnetization of carbonaceous chondrites in the asteroid belt before 4562 million years ago
Authors: O’Brien Timothy , Tarduno John A. , Anand Atma , Smirnov Aleksey V. , Blackman Eric G. , Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Krot Alexander N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeteorite magnetizations can provide rare insight into early Solar System evolution. Such data take on new importance with recognition of the isotopic dichotomy between non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous meteorites, representing distinct inner and outer disk reservoirs, and the likelihood that parent body asteroids were once separated by Jupiter and subsequently mixed. The arrival time of these parent bodies into the main asteroid belt, however, has heretofore been unknown. Herein, we show that weak CV (Vigarano type) and CM (Mighei type) carbonaceous chondrite remanent magnetizations indicate acquisition by the solar wind 4.2 to 4.8 million years after Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) formation at heliocentric distances of ~2–4 AU. These data thus indicate that the CV and CM parent asteroids had arrived near, or within, the orbital range of the present-day asteroid belt from the outer disk isotopic reservoir within the first 5 million years of Solar System history.
A puzzling non-detection of [O III] and [C II] from a z ≈ 7.7 galaxy observed with ALMA
Authors: Binggeli C. , Inoue A. K. , Hashimoto T. , Toribio M. C. , Zackrisson E. , Ramstedt S. , Mawatari K. , Harikane Y. , Matsuo H. , Okamoto T. , Ota K. , Shimizu I. , Tamura Y. , Taniguchi Y. , Umehata H. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Characterizing the galaxy population in the early Universe holds the key to understanding the evolution of these objects and the role they played in cosmic reionization. However, there have been very few observations at the very highest redshifts to date.
Aims. In order to shed light on the properties of galaxies in the high-redshift Universe and their interstellar media, we observe the Lyman-α emitting galaxy z7_GSD_3811 at z = 7.664 with bands 6 and 8 at the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Methods. We target the far-infrared [O III] 88 μm and [C II] 158 μm emission lines and dust continuum in the star-forming galaxy z7_GSD_3811 with ALMA. We combine these measurements with earlier observations in the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) in order to characterize the object and compare the results to those of earlier studies that observed [O III] and [C II] emission in high-redshift galaxies.
Results. The [O III] 88 μm and [C II] 158 μm emission lines are undetected at the position of z7_GSD_3811, with 3σ upper limits of 1.6  ×  108 L⊙ and 4.0  ×  107 L⊙, respectively. We do not detect any dust continuum in band 6 nor band 8. The measured rms in the band 8 and band 6 continua are 26 and 9.9 μJy beam−1, respectively. Similar to several other high-redshift galaxies, z7_GSD_3811 exhibits low [C II] emission for its star formation rate compared to local galaxies. Furthermore, our upper limit on the [O III] line luminosity is lower than the previously observed [O III] lines in high-redshift galaxies with similar UV luminosities. Our ALMA band 6 and 8 dust continuum observations imply that z7_GSD_3811 likely has a low dust content, and our non-detections of the [O III] and [C II] lines could indicate that z7_GSD_3811 has a low metallicity (Z ≲ 0.1 Z⊙).
Observation of spontaneous ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional electron system
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Ma M. K. , Rosales K. A. Villegas , Chung Y. J. , Pfeiffer L. N. , West K. W. , Baldwin K. W. , Shayegan M. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Ground states of low-disorder, interacting, dilute electron systems are of fundamental interest in understanding electron–electron interaction phenomena. Our experimental data on a clean two-dimensional electron system reveal a sequence of transitions as the density is lowered. Starting from high densities, we observe a transition from a metallic state to an exotic insulating phase that is stabilized by disorder and interaction. As we further lower the density, we observe signs of a spontaneous transition to a ferromagnetic ground state and then to a strongly insulating state whose characteristics suggest that it is a pinned solid phase, possibly a (ferromagnetic) Wigner solid. We also find that the onset of ferromagnetism can be controlled by tuning the electrons’ valley degree of freedom.
Discretion
Authors: Jin Ying , Tay Dennis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the functions of Chinese final particleouin both TCU-final and non-TCU-final positions in medical advice-giving. Using Praat, we differentiated phonologically marked and unmarkedouand analyzed their functions in both doctor and patient speech. The findings suggest a difference in participants’ use ofou: while non-TCU-finalouoccurs mainly in the patient speech to mark newsworthiness and call for the doctor’s attention, TCU-final ou occurs in both the doctor and the patient speech serving various functions. Most importantly, the paper provides a new understanding of the various functions ofouas interconnected to each other under its intrinsic discreet quality that facilitates relationship building in the selected conversational activity.
An English academic reading course for Dutch pre-university students
Authors: Groen Loes , Keijzer Merel , Michel Marije , Lowie Wander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this research note we argue that reading lessons for the subject of English in Dutch pre-university education require
adjustments. Currently, these lessons do not prepare students well for university reading. Too often, lessons emphasize searching for
information, the dominant skill to pass the school exit exam. Instead, students would benefit much more from instruction on reading to learn
and critical reading, which are important university skills. Moreover, the expository texts for English classes generally concern school
subjects instead of genuine English content such as linguistics. To address these problems, we are in the process of developing
an academic reading course focussing on linguistic topics to enhance students’ academic readiness, while at the same time adding depth and
content to the subject of English in Dutch pre-university education. An empirical study to evaluate the effectiveness of this course will
follow.
Automated annotation of learner English
Authors: Picoral Adriana , Staples Shelley , Reppen Randi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the use of natural language processing (NLP) tools and their utility for learner language analyses
through a comparison of automatic linguistic annotation against a gold standard produced by humans. While there are a number of automated
annotation tools for English currently available, little research is available on the accuracy of these tools when annotating learner data.
We compare the performance of three linguistic annotation tools (a tagger and two parsers) on academic writing in English produced by
learners (both L1 and L2 English speakers). We focus on lexico-grammatical patterns, including both phrasal and clausal features, since
these are frequently investigated in applied linguistics studies. Our results report both precision and recall of annotation output for
argumentative texts in English across four L1s: Arabic, Chinese, English, and Korean. We close with a discussion of the benefits and
drawbacks of using automatic tools to annotate learner language.
Analyzing the linguistic complexity of German learner language in a reading comprehension task
Authors: Weiss Zarah , Meurers Detmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile traditionally linguistic complexity analysis of learner language is mostly based on essays, there is increasing interest in other task types. This is crucial for obtaining a broader empirical basis for characterizing language proficiency and highlights the need to advance our understanding of how task and learner properties interact in shaping the linguistic complexity of learner productions. It also makes it important to determine which complexity measures generalize well across which tasks.In this paper, we investigate the linguistic complexity of answers to reading comprehension questions written by foreign language learners of German at the college level. Analyzing the corpus with computational linguistic methods identifying a wide range of complexity features, we explore which linguistic complexity analyses can successfully be performed for such short answers, how learner proficiency impacts the results, how generalizable they are across different contexts, and how the quality of the underlying analysis impacts the results.
Oscillon preheating in full general relativity
Authors: Kou Xiao-Xiao , Tian Chi , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oscillons are dense nonperturbative objects that may be copiously produced in the preheating period after inflation. Oscillon preheatings are usually simulated with nonlinear matter interactions but in a rigid FLRW background, without taking into account the gravitational backreactions. We investigate the oscillon preheating scenario in full general relativity with a full numerical relativity scheme, and compare the general-relativistic simulations with the traditional ones done in an FLRW background. We find that in certain parameter regions the general-relativistic corrections are significant, producing more and denser oscillons, and can be strong enough to collapse the oscillons to black holes.
Large-eddy simulation of the flow in a fluidic oscillator
Authors: Dauengauer E I , Mullyadzhanov R I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Large-eddy simulations are performed to investigate the internal dynamics of a fluidic oscillator over a range of Reynolds numbers Red
= 3000 – 30000. The device represents Φ-shaped configuration providing a strongly unsteady flow due to periodic oscillations based on the Coanda effect. Computational results for a mesh convergence study are presented. The conducted analysis of statistical characteristics of the flow has shown that the flow velocity in the feedback channels increases with an increase in the Reynolds number. The obtained results, such as the frequency of vibrations and the depth of the jet, perfectly match the experimental data.
Variability of polar flows
Authors: Derzho Oleg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is anticipated that the physical mechanism of the variability of polar currents may be attributed to temporal and spatial variations of the cyclonic mean flow due to circularly propagating nonlinear Rossby waves. A low order analytical model for the effect of large scale and low frequency variability of a polar current is presented. Rossby wave packet is shown to be an intrinsic mode of motion trapped between the major flows, which constitute the mean current. The Rossby wave pattern is predicted to rotate with a specific angular velocity, which depends on both the magnitude and width of the time averaged flow. Spatial structure of the rotating pattern, including its zonal wave number, is defined by the specific form of the stream function-vorticity relation. Theoretically predicted patterns capture the main features of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW). The model is capable to predict the observed sequence of warm and cold patches in the ACW along with its zonal number.
Liquid Velocity Distribution in a Flat Channel with Sudden Expansion
Authors: Evdokimenko I A , Kulikov D V , Lobanov P D , Pribaturin N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The experimental study of the flow structure behind the sudden expansion of the flat channel is performed. The cross section of the channel is 20×200 mm and the step height is 12 mm. Visualization of the flow structure and measurements by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is performed using high power green laser sheet and CCD camera. Liquid velocity profiles are measured by means of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Automatic position system is used. The structure of liquid flow distribution evolution behind the sudden channel expansion is shown. The data about pressure drop is presented for different liquid flow rates.
High-order numerical method for scattering data of the Korteweg—De Vries equation
Authors: Gudko A , Gelash A , Mullyadzhanov R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nonlinear wavefields governed by integrable models such as the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation can be decomposed into the so-called scattering data playing the role of independent elementary harmonics evolving trivially in time. A typical scattering data portrait of a spatially localised wavefield represents nonlinear coherent wave structures (solitons) and incoherent radiation. In this work we present a fourth-order accurate algorithm to compute the scattering data within the KdV model. The method based on the Magnus expansion technique provides accurate information about soliton amplitudes, velocities and intensity of the radiation. Our tests performed using a box-shaped wavefield confirm that all components of the scattering data are computed correctly, while the test based on a single-soliton solution verifies the declared order of a numerical scheme.
Patterns of vortex generation behind a cylinder in a wall-bounded cross-flow during transition to turbulence
Authors: Molochnikov V M , Mazo A B , Kalinin E I , Paereliy A A , Kluev M A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper elaborates on experimental investigation and direct numerical simulation of the wake flow behind a circular cylinder located near the wall of a rectangular channel. The study considers the Reynolds number range that covers transition to turbulence in the wake. Spiral fluid motion directed from the sidewalls to the channel center is revealed behind the cylinder for both positions of the cylinder considered in the study. The paper describes the effect of this motion on the critical Reynolds number corresponding to the onset of Karman vortex street and on the vortex topology. The spiral motion is shown to correlate with the onset of low-pressure regions behind the cylinder near the sidewalls. These regions result from the interaction between the boundary layer on the sidewalls and the separation region behind the cylinder.
Numerical simulation of unsteady combustion at elevated pressure and initial temperature of the mixture for the model combustion chamber
Authors: Dekterev Ar A , Lobasov A S , Dekterev A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigation of combustion features of a fuel-lean methane-air swirling flame in a model combustion chamber using numerical simulation at an elevated pressure and initial temperature of the mixture. The equivalence ratio is 0.7, the initial temperatures of the mixture are 300 and 500 K, and the overpressure corresponds to 2 and 4 bars. Setting the increased pressure as the output boundary conditions in the numerical simulation of combustion in a model combustion chamber is shown to be efficient. It is found that a change in the initial temperature of the mixture from 300 to 500 K (at a fixed Reynolds number equal to 30000) leads to a significant change in the combustion regime. So, in the case of the initial temperature of the mixture equal to 300 K, the recirculation zone is formed only near the walls of the combustion chamber, and the flame has a compact shape, and is stabilized inside the premixer. With elevated initial temperatures of the mixture, a stagnation region is formed on the jet axis, and the flame displacement downstream relative to the premixer exists.
Effect of the mixture initial temperature on the velocity field in the swirling flame
Authors: Sharaborin D K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the flow structure of a turbulent swirling flame of a methane-air and syngas-air mixture at elevated temperature using modern optical methods PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PLIF (Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence). A comparison of the averaged flow characteristics of a high-swirl flame with an equivalence ratio Φ = 0.45 for syngas-air and Φ = 0.7 for methane-air mixture are performed with preheating the mixture to a temperature of 300, 400 and 500 K. The distribution of the fluorescence signal showed that the longitudinal size of the region of hot combustion products decreases significantly with increasing temperature of the mixture for both syngas-air and methane-air flames. For the flame of a mixture of methane-air and syngas-air heated to a temperature of 500 K, the size of the recirculation zone and velocity pulsation distribution are very similar, in contrast to a methane flame at lower preheating temperatures of the mixture.
Heat transfer on microstructured surfaces with pool boiling of various liquids
Authors: Aksianov R A , Kokhanova Yu S , Kuimov E S , Ley R A , Popov I A , Skrypnik A N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recommendations for predicting heat transfer coefficients and critical heat fluxes are developed on the basis of available experimental data on heat transfer and critical heat fluxes for boiling of different liquids on microstructured surfaces realized by deformed cutting method. Microstructured surfaces allow intensifying heat transfer 1.1 to 6 times. Due to the variable wettability of microstructured surface elements, critical heat fluxes increase over 4 times. The proposed criteria equations allow predicting heat transfer coefficients with an error of 30%, and critical heat fluxes with an error of 30-35%. The equations are of interest for designing cooling systems for microelectronic devices, heat and mass transfer devices, boiling zones of heat pipes and thermosyphons, etc.