bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplex screening of 275 plasma protein biomarkers to identify a signature for early detection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Bhardwaj Megha , Weigl Korbinian , Tikk Kaja , Benner Axel , Schrotz‐King Petra , Brenner Hermann 
Published: October 2019

Blood‐based protein biomarkers may be an attractive option for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we used a two‐stage design to measure 275 protein markers by proximity extension assay (PEA), first in plasma samples of a discovery set consisting of 98 newly diagnosed CRC cases and 100 age‐ and gender‐matched controls free of neoplasm at screening colonoscopy. An algorithm predicting the presence of early‐ or late‐stage CRC was derived by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with .632+ bootstrap method, and the algorithms were then validated using PEA again in an independent validation set consisting of participants of screening colonoscopy with and without CRC (n = 56 and 102, respectively). Three different signatures for all‐, early‐, and late‐stage CRC consisting of 9, 12, and 11 protein markers were obtained in the discovery set with areas under the curves (AUCs) after .632 + bootstrap adjustment of 0.92, 0.91, and 0.96, respectively. External validation among participants of screening colonoscopy yielded AUCs of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.67–0.84], 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62–0.87), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68–0.89) for all‐, early‐, and late‐stage CRC, respectively. Although the identified protein markers are not competitive with the best available stool tests, these proteins may contribute to the development of powerful blood‐based tests for CRC early detection in the future.
Manipulating the Sensitivity and Selectivity of OECT‐Based Biosensors via the Surface Engineering of Carbon Cloth Gate Electrodes
Authors: Xi Xin , Wu Dongqing , Ji Wei , Zhang Shinan , Tang Wei , Su Yuezeng , Guo Xiaojun , Liu Ruili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) provide the opportunity to fabricate flexible biosensors with high sensitivity. However, there are currently very few methods to improve the selectivity of OECT sensors. In this work, nitrogen/oxygen‐codoped carbon cloths (NOCCs) are prepared by the carbonization of polyaniline‐wrapped carbon cloths at 750 °C under different atmospheres. The resulting NOCC electrodes exhibit different electrochemical sensing behaviors toward ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA), enabling the fabrication of OECT sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity that are comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art OECT sensors for AA and DA. The structural characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the electrochemical sensing behaviors of the NOCC electrodes are closely related to their surface compositions, providing an unprecedented strategy for the design of flexible OECT sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.
A Hybrid Artificial Photocatalysis System Splits Atmospheric Water for Simultaneous Dehumidification and Power Generation
Authors: Yang Lin , Ravi Sai Kishore , Nandakumar Dilip Krishna , Alzakia Fuad Indra , Lu Wanheng , Zhang Yaoxin , Yang Jiachen , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xueping , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new approach for artificial photocatalysis of electrical generation directly from atmospheric water is reported. A hybrid system comprising a hydrogel incorporated with Cu2O and BaTiO3nanoparticles is developed, wherein the Cu2O is designed to expose two different crystal planes, namely (100) and (111). These planes exhibit different surface potentials and form a polarization electric field of 2.3 kV cm−1that acts on a ferroelectric dipole. With the help of this electric field, the dipole is redirected for aiding in positive and negative polarizations with (100) and (111) planes, then boosting water reduction and oxidation kinetics separately at (100) and (111) planes. Additonally, zinc‐/cobalt‐based superhygroscopic hydrogels serve as a water‐capturing “hand” to harness humidity from the ambient environment. The integrated hydrogel–Cu2O@BaTiO3hybrid is used to dehumidify air, which can split 36.5 mg of water by employing only 150 mg hydrogel and simultaneously generate a photocurrent of 224.3 µA cm−2under 10 mW cm−2illumination.
A distinguishing feature of Pongo upper molars and its implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated hominid teeth from the Pleistocene of Asia
Authors: Ortiz Alejandra , Bailey Shara E. , Delgado Miguel , Zanolli Clément , Demeter Fabrice , Bacon Anne‐Marie , Nguyen Thi M. H. , Nguyen Anh T. , Zhang Yingqi , Harrison Terry , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe taxonomic status of isolated hominoid teeth from the Asian Pleistocene has long been controversial due to difficulties distinguishing between pongine and hominin molars given their high degree of morphometrical variation and overlap. Here, we combine nonmetric and geometric morphometric data to document a dental pattern that appears to be taxonomically diagnostic among Pongo. We focus on the protoconule, a cuspule of well‐documented evolutionary history, as well as on shape differences of the mesial fovea of the upper molars.Materials and methodsWe examined 469 upper molars of eight hominid genera (Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Homo, Meganthropus, Sivapithecus, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), including representatives of Homo erectus and extinct and recent Pongo. Analyses were conducted at the enamel‐dentine junction to overcome the limitations introduced by dental wear.ResultsWe found that a moderate or large protoconule is present in ~80% of Pleistocene and extant Pongo. Conversely, a moderate to pronounced protoconule in hominins, Meganthropus, and African great apes occurs in low frequencies (~0–20%). Canonical variate analyses for the mesial fovea show that Pleistocene and extant Pongo cluster together and are clearly differentiated from all other groups, except for Sivapithecus.DiscussionThis study suggests that the protoconule and the shape of the mesial fovea in upper molars are useful features for the taxonomic identification of isolated hominid teeth. By identifying these new features, our results can contribute to the better understanding of hominoid evolutionary history and biogeography during the Asian Pleistocene. However, we emphasize that the reported features should be used in combination with other diagnostic variables for the most accurate taxonomic assessments.
Seeing people in the computer: The role of information technology in remote employment services
Authors: Fowkes Lisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInformation technologies have been important in the emergence of new forms of control and surveillance of welfare recipients and of those who administer labour market programmes. These technologies have often appeared at the margins of accounts of welfare reform, for example as means of increasing the efficiency or consistency of services, or as constraining frontline discretion. Henman has argued, however, that information technologies need to be analysed not just as administrative tools, but as “non‐human actors,” shaping policy development and implementation in ways beyond the intentions of their human creators (Henman, Governing Electronically: E‐government and the Reconfiguration of Public Administration, Policy and Power, Palgrave MacMillan). This paper explores the way that the use of government information systems has shaped employment services in remote Australia where over 80 per cent of those included are Indigenous people. The article describes how the production and use of administrative data within employment services have supported and extended the framing of Indigenous people in remote communities as non‐compliant and as needing external direction.
Ultra‐Stable Plasmonic Colloidal Aggregates for Accurate and Reproducible Quantitative SE(R)RS in Protein‐Rich Biomedia
Authors: Ye Ziwei , Li Chunchun , Chen Qinglu , Xu Yikai , Bell Steven E. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAu/Ag colloids aggregated with simple salts are amongst the most commonly used substrates in surface‐enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SE(R)RS). However, salt‐induced aggregation is a dynamic process, which means that SE(R)RS enhancements vary with time and that measurements therefore need to be taken at a fixed time point, normally within a short time‐window of a few minutes. Here, we present an emulsion templated method which allows formation of densely‐packed quasi‐spherical Au/Ag colloidal aggregates. Since the particles in the product aggregates retain their weakly adsorbed charged ligands and the ionic strength remains low these charged aggregates resist further aggregation while still providing intense SE(R)RS enhancement which remains stable for days. This eliminates a major source of irreproducibility in conventional colloidal SE(R)RS measurements and paves the way for SE(R)RS analysis in complex systems, such as protein‐rich bio‐solutions where conventional aggregated colloids fail.
A Gas Chromatography‐Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy Based System of Singular Specificity
Authors: Armstrong Daniel W. , Talebi Mohsen , Thakur Nimisha , Wahab M. Farooq , Mikhonin Alexander V. , Muckle Matt T. , Neill Justin L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe designed and demonstrated the unique abilities of the first gas chromatography–molecular rotational resonance spectrometer (GC‐MRR). While broadly and routinely applicable, its capabilities can exceed those of high‐resolution MS and NMR spectroscopy in terms of selectivity, resolution, and compound identification. A series of 24 isotopologues and isotopomers of five organic compounds are separated, identified, and quantified in a single run. Natural isotopic abundances of mixtures of compounds containing chlorine, bromine, and sulfur heteroatoms are easily determined. MRR detection provides the added high specificity for these selective gas‐phase separations. GC‐MRR is shown to be ideal for compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Different bacterial cultures and groundwater were shown to have contrasting isotopic selectivities for common organic compounds. The ease of such GC‐MRR measurements may initiate a new era in biosynthetic/degradation and geochemical isotopic compound studies.
Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides
Authors: Grazon Chloé , Salas‐Ambrosio Pedro , Ibarboure Emmanuel , Buol Alix , Garanger Elisabeth , Grinstaff Mark W. , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Bonduelle Colin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReported here is the first aqueous ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) using α‐amino‐poly(ethylene oxide) as a macroinitiator to protect the NCA monomers from hydrolysis through spontaneous in situ self‐assembly (ISA). This ROPISA process affords well‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers that simultaneously form original needle‐like nanoparticles.
Improving Waste Cooking Oil Quality for Biodiesel Production with the Ethanolic By‐product of Soybean Oil Extraction
Authors: Bueno‐Borges Larissa Braga , dos Santos Grasiela Cristina Pereira , de Alencar Severino Matias , Regitano‐d'Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWaste cooking oils (WCO) can be used as feedstock for biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl or methyl esters—FAEE or FAME) production. Their usual high acidity, high moisture, and low stability can impair the reaction yield and generate a low‐quality biodiesel. Here, we performed liquid–liquid washings using WCO and ethanol‐based solvents with the goal of generating oil‐rich miscella as FAEE feedstocks with a higher quality than WCO. Three different solvents were evaluated: 99% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and the soybean oil extraction ethanolic phase (SEP), a by‐product with immense unexplored antioxidant potential obtained by extracting soybean oil using ethanol. Washings were performed in a 1000 mL flat‐bottom flask at 78.1 °C, using a 1:2 (w/v) oil/solvent ratio, under magnetic stirring (1200 rpm) for 10 min. Ethyl esters were prepared via homogeneous alkali transesterification using WCO and oil‐rich miscella as feedstocks. Treatments reduced the acid value by 40–61% and the peroxide value by 15–50%. Improvements in feedstock quality generated 24–54% higher biodiesel yields. The oil‐rich phase produced with SEP was 15% more resistant to oxidation than WCO. This was attributed to the transference of isoflavones from the SEP. However, biodiesel from treated samples presented equal or lower oxidative stability than FAEE from WCO. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that no isoflavones remained in biodiesel after purification. Pretreatment of WCO with ethanol‐based extracts such as the SEP has great potential to improve WCO quality for biodiesel production as it can be a source of plant‐based antioxidants.
Fabricating cholyglycine–glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase conjugates for cholyglycine detection
Authors: Yang Mei‐Na , Zhang Ya‐Fang , Zhi Gao‐Ying , Gu Xiao‐Fei , Han Li , Zhang Dong‐Hao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo establish cholyglycine (CG) detection via enzyme‐multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was used as a reporter enzyme to prepare hapten–enzyme conjugate. Gel electrophoresis and UV scanning demonstrated that G6PD was successfully labeled with cholyglycine, and CG‐G6PD conjugate was obtained. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters on the preparation of CG‐G6PD conjugates were investigated. Consequently, CG amount, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, d‐glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P), phosphate buffer and the pH, and ionic strength of solution had important effects on the residual activity of CG‐G6PD. Moreover, CG amount, the pH, and G6P played important roles in changing CG labeling location on G6PD. Using the CG‐G6PD conjugate as test kit, the cholyglycine–EMIT calibration curve was established, which could be employed in clinical detection of cholyglycine. This study provides some valuable information for preparing hapten–G6PD conjugates.
Realitätsnahe Verkehrslastansätze für die Nachrechnung der Gänstorbrücke über die Donau
Authors: Nowak Marcel , Fischer Oliver , Müller Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie 1950 errichtete Gänstorbrücke über die Donau ist ein historisches Bauwerk, das die Städte Ulm und Neu‐Ulm verbindet. Aufgrund zunehmender Mängel und Schäden im Zuge der bisherigen, langen Nutzungsdauer wurden umfangreiche Maßnahmen zur Nachrechnung und Bewertung der bestehenden Brücke initiiert. Als ein wichtiger Baustein im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen dient eine objektspezifische Bewertung der Verkehrslastansätze. Hierbei erfolgt eine realitätsnahe Abbildung der tatsächlichen Verkehrsbeanspruchung durch konkreten Objektbezug hinsichtlich Verkehr und Tragwerk. Dazu wurden Verkehrsmessungen zur Erfassung der lokalen Verkehrscharakteristik sowie hierauf aufbauend nummerische Simulationsberechnungen zur Abbildung der Verkehrsbeanspruchung für verschiedene Szenarien der Verkehrsführung am Brückenbauwerk durchgeführt. Auf Grundlage der Untersuchungsergebnisse erfolgt eine Bewertung der tatsächlichen Verkehrsbeanspruchung und somit eine Plausibilisierung der für die Nachrechnung verwendeten Lastansätze. Ein Abgleich mit zeitgleich erfassten und nachträglich zur Verfügung gestellten zusätzlichen Messdaten von an Spanngliedern applizierten Dehnmessstreifen dient der Verifizierung der Untersuchungsergebnisse.
Single‐center study of autoimmune encephalitis‐related autoantibody testing in Hungary
Authors: Hayden Zsófia , Böröcz Katalin , Csizmadia Zsuzsanna , Balogh Péter , Kellermayer Zoltán , Bodó Kornélia , Najbauer József , Berki Tímea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveAutoantibody detection is crucial for the early diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) since prompt therapy can determine the disease outcome. Here, we report a single‐center 6‐year retrospective study of autoantibody testing in AIE in the Hungarian population.MethodsSerum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibody tests were performed using cell‐based indirect immunofluorescence assay for AIE diagnosis. Samples were provided by neurology clinics as part of a nationwide program. Test results were analyzed for samples received during the period from 2012 to 2018.ResultsWe tested 1,247 samples from 1,034 patients with suspected AIE. Autoantibodies were present in 60 patients (5.8% of total). The distribution of patients with different autoantibodies by age and sex was as follows: NMDAR (70%), mostly in young females, LGI1 (15%) in middle‐aged males, GABABR (12%) in elderly males, and Caspr2 (7%) in males. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted in 30 patients with repeated test requests, of which 17 remained positive, and 13 switched to negative.ConclusionWe report the most comprehensive clinical laboratory study of autoantibody testing in AIE in the Hungarian population. Our results show that the frequency of different autoantibody types in AIE corresponds to the data described in the literature.
Comparative Study on the Performance of Aboveground and Underground Fixed‐Dome Biogas Digesters
Authors: Obileke KeChrist , Mamphweli Sampson , Meyer Edson L. , Makaka Golden , Nwokolo Nwabunwanne , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA comparative analysis of aboveground and underground biogas digesters is described in relation to their performance and effect of temperature, pH, and hydraulic retention time. The digestion chamber of the two biogas systems under study was fabricated using high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, while the inlet and outlet chamber were constructed with bricks. The performance of small‐scale digesters, particularly of the fixed‐dome type, should be improved. Cow dung served as substrate in the performance test. Biogas production from the two systems was measured by a customized gas temperature pressure measurement sensor. Evidently, the insulation provided to the underground digester helped to achieve a more stable internal temperature for the digester.
The global Edoxaban Treatment in routine cliNical prActice (ETNA) noninterventional study program: rationale and design
Authors: De Caterina Raffaele , Agnelli Giancarlo , Laeis Petra , Unverdorben Martin , Rauer Heiko , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Nakamura Mashio , Chiu Kuan‐Ming , Reimitz Paul‐Egbert , Koretsune Yukihiro , Chen Cathy , Thee Ulrike , Kaburagi Jumpei , Kim Young‐Hoon , Choi Won‐Il , Yamashita Takeshi , Cohen Alexander , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRandomized controlled trials showed the nonvitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) edoxaban was effective and safe for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE; including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis). Additional research is needed to evaluate the effects of edoxaban in routine clinical practice. Therefore, the Edoxaban Treatment in routine cliNical prActice (ETNA) program is being conducted to provide routine clinical care data on characteristics and outcomes in patients with AF or VTE receiving edoxaban.MethodsThe Global ETNA program integrates prospectively collected data from edoxaban patients in regional ETNA noninterventional studies across Europe, Japan, and East and Southeast Asia into indication‐specific databases for AF and VTE. Targeted enrollment is >31 000 patients (AF >26 000; VTE >4500), with a follow‐up of 2 years for AF and 1 year for VTE. Data integration will be possible using consistent terminology, parameter definitions, and data collection across the regional noninterventional studies. Safety and effectiveness data will be assessed. Crude rates of outcomes including bleeding and thromboembolic events will be reported.ResultsGlobally, enrollment began in early 2015 and is ongoing.ConclusionsGlobal ETNA will generate the largest integrated prospective repository of routine clinical care data for a single NOAC in patients with AF or VTE. It will provide important information on the safety of edoxaban in routine clinical care and gather further information on its effectiveness.
NICS‐XY‐Scan Predictions of Local, Semi‐Global, and Global Ring Currents in Annulated Pentalene and s‐Indacene Cores Compared to First‐Principles Current Density Maps
Authors: Stanger Amnon , Monaco Guglielmo , Zanasi Riccardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe magnetic response of a set of 20 molecules, their dications and their dianions has been studied by the NICS‐XY method, and the results have been compared with first principles current density maps. The molecules have been built from pentalene and s‐indacene by single and double annulation of cyclobutadiene, benzene and benzocyclobutadiene in an alternate fashion on both sides of the molecules. The prediction of tropicities obtained by the NICS‐XY method are overall consistent with the current density maps. A literal code, developed to give a compact description of the tropicities of currents flowing around rings and bonds cut by the scan trajectory shows that, in most cases, the NICS‐XY method leads to an exact match with the current density analyses. Mismatches are generally due to small circulations out of the scan trajectory, and they do not correspond to misinterpretations of the overall tropicities. The dataset provides several cases where the prediction of the overall antiaromatic/aromatic response by the 4n/4n+2 count of π electrons fails.
Specific Self‐Repairing by Morphology Prejudging
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Li Mingwei , Hu Zhitao , Hu Zhiqiang , Hu Jinsan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe thin surface layer growth during the regeneration of incomplete potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal is more perplexing than the ordinary layer‐by‐layer growth. In a previous paper, the driving force of the thin surface layer growth was discussed; the present paper focuses on the regeneration process and final regeneration morphology. Based on the analysis of thin surface layer area per unit repaired volume, it is found that convex polyhedron is more advantageous than concave polyhedron. It is also found that the general morphology of repaired incomplete crystal is convex polyhedron of minimum volume covered by singular surfaces. The most important thing is, numbers of regeneration details suggest that the incomplete crystal achieves the self‐repairing by morphology prejudging.
Distributed lifetime optimization in wireless sensor networks using alternating direction method of multipliers
Authors: Tashtarian Farzad , Montazerolghaem Ahmadreza , Varasteh Amir 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDue to the limited energy of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, extending the network lifetime is a major challenge that can be formulated as an optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a distributed iterative algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers with the aim of maximizing sensor network lifetime. The features of this algorithm are the use of local information, low overhead of message passing, low computational complexity, fast convergence, and, consequently, reduced energy consumption. In this study, we present the convergence results and the number of iterations required to achieve the stopping criterion. Furthermore, the impact of problem size (number of sensor nodes) on the solution and constraints violation is studied, and, finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with one of the well‐known subgradient‐based algorithms.