bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where have all the working papers gone? Evidence from four major economics working paper series
Authors: Baumann Alexandra , Wohlrabe Klaus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWorking papers or preprints have become an important part in the scientific landscape. Such papers present research before (potentially) being published in refereed journals. But is every working paper finally published in a journal? We answer this question for four major working paper series in economics. Based on linked data in RePEc and a random sample we provide an estimate of 66.5% of more than 28,000 investigated working papers that are published in a journal. About 8% are released as a book chapter. For the remaining 25.5% we find no evidence for what happened to the article.
The Heritage of Cultural Determinants of Law and Literature: Methodological Findings
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Marta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the second half of the twentieth century, the humanities saw increased interest in the broadly defined theory of culture and theory of politics, and in their study in a pragmatic cultural context. This was due to the influence of postmodernism, as well as pragmatism and neo-pragmatism. This approach is developed in cultural studies, which stress the importance of interdisciplinary research, combining the semiotic and cultural perspectives. The humanities have experienced a series of watersheds or turns (such as the linguistic, interpretative, political and communicative turns), and in particular the cultural turn. In consequence, the boundaries of various scientific disciplines are becoming blurred, while the scope of theoretical literary research is expanding. The integration of humanistic disciplines has intensified. This has an effect not only on the philosophical and theoretical study of language and literature, but also on the theory of politics and theory of law. As a result of these changes, various cultural objects—politics, the law, literature—have become the subject of complementary research. Cultural research assumes the cultural intertextuality of different semiotic objects, especially of text and discourse. This paper describes the influence of cultural studies—as a legacy of cultural determinants—on the law and literature movement. It also answers the question of what that movement can derive from cultural studies. The paper provides an overview of key trends, which may receive more detailed treatment in future studies.
Reflected Near-field Blast Pressure Measurements Using High Speed Video
Authors: Rigby S. E. , Knighton R. , Clarke S. D. , Tyas A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground: The design and analysis of protective systems requires a detailed understanding of, and the ability to accurately predict, the distribution of pressure loads acting on an obstacle following an explosive detonation. In particular, there is a pressing need for accurate characterisation of blast loads in the region very close to a detonation, where even small improvised devices can produce serious structural or material damage. Objective: Accurate experimental measurement of these near-field blast events, using intrusive methods, is demanding owing to the high magnitudes (> 100 MPa) and short durations (< 1 ms) of loading. The objective of this article is to develop a non-intrusive method for measuring reflected blast pressure distributions using image analysis. Methods: This article presents results from high speed video analysis of near-field spherical PE4 explosive blasts. The Canny edge detection algorithm is used to track the outer surface of the explosive fireball, with the results used to derive a velocity-radius relationship. Reflected pressure distributions are calculated using this velocity-radius relationship in conjunction with the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Results: The indirectly measured pressure distributions from high speed video are compared with directly measured pressure distributions and are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with respect to distribution of reflected pressures, and in good quantitative agreement with peak reflected pressures (within 10% of the maximum recorded value). Conclusions: The results indicate that it is possible to accurately measure blast loads in the order of 100s MPa using techniques which do not require sensitive recording equipment to be located close to the source of the explosion.
A handheld flexible manipulator system for frontal sinus surgery
Authors: Coemert Suat , Roth Robert , Strauss Gero , Schmitz Pia M. , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Draf drainage is the standard treatment procedure for frontal sinus diseases. In this procedure, rigid angled endoscopes and rigid curved instruments are used. However, laterally located pathologies in the frontal sinus cannot be reached with rigid instrumentation. In order to assist surgeons with such complicated cases, we propose a novel handheld flexible manipulator system.

Methods
A cross section of 3 mm × 4.6 mm enables transnasal guiding of a flexible endoscope with 1.4 mm diameter and a standard flexible surgical instrument with up to 1.8 mm diameter into the frontal sinus with increased reachability. The developed system consists of an electrical discharge-machined flexure hinge-based nitinol manipulator arm and a purely mechanical handheld control unit. The corresponding control unit enables upward and left–right bending of the manipulator arm, translation, rolling, actuation and also quick exchange of the surgical instrument. In order to verify the fulfillment of performance requirements, tests regarding reachability and payload capacity were conducted.

Results
Reachability tests showed that the manipulator arm can be inserted into the frontal sinus and reach its lateral regions following a Draf IIa procedure. The system can exert forces of at least 2 N in the vertical direction and 1 N in the lateral direction which is sufficient for manipulation of frontal sinus pathologies.

Conclusion
Considering the fact that the anatomical requirements of the frontal sinus are not addressed satisfactorily in the development of prospective flexible instruments, the proposed system shows great potential in terms of therapeutic use owing to its small cross section and dexterity.
Gender Discrimination in the Hiring of Skilled Professionals in Two Male-Dominated Occupational Fields: A Factorial Survey Experiment with Real-World Vacancies and Recruiters in Four European Countries
Authors: Bertogg Ariane , Imdorf Christian , Hyggen Christer , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Stoilova Rumiana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present article investigates gender discrimination in recruitment for two male-dominated occupations (mechanics and IT professionals). We empirically test two different explanatory approaches to gender discrimination in hiring; namely, statistical discrimination and taste-based discrimination. Previous studies suggest that, besides job applicants’ characteristics, organisational features play a role in hiring decisions. Our article contributes to the literature on gender discrimination in the labour market by investigating its opportunity structures located at the recruiter, job and company level, and how gender discrimination varies across occupations and countries.The analysed data come from a factorial survey experiment conducted in four countries (Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland). Real job advertisements were sampled, and the recruiters in charge of hiring for these positions (n = 1,920) rated up to ten hypothetical CVs (vignettes). We find gender discrimination in Bulgaria and Greece and to a lesser degree in Switzerland, but not in Norway. The degree of gender discrimination appears to be greater in mechanics than in IT. Multivariate analyses that test a number of opportunity structures for discrimination suggest that mechanisms of statistical discrimination rather than those of taste-based discrimination might be at work.
Glass-Forming Ability of Fe-Ni Alloys Substituted by Group V and VI Transition Metals (V, Nb, Cr, Mo) Studied by Thermodynamic Modeling
Authors: Śniadecki Z. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The glass-forming ability (GFA) of Fe-Ni-TM alloys, where TM = V, Nb, Cr, Mo, was determined utilizing thermodynamic modeling. Enthalpies of formation of amorphous state were calculated and analyzed along with normalized mismatch entropy and glass-forming ability parameter. All thermodynamic quantities were qualitatively compared with enthalpies of formation of solid solution and experimental results. Due to the fact that FeNi-based amorphous ribbons are used nowadays in magnetoelastic sensors (MES), which can be used in biomedical or chemical applications, discussion is concentrated mainly on the substitution effect of group V and VI transition metals on the improvement of GFA. In this sense, group V elements are preferred, with Nb as the most promising candidate among all analyzed TM elements. This is a consequence of significant differences of potential and density of electrons at the boundary of Wigner–Seitz cell comparing to Fe and Ni, which in turn leads to more negative values of interfacial enthalpy and higher driving force for vitrification.
Effect of changing the height of final step of the stepped chute on the flow profile in stilling basin using the VOF method
Authors: Pazooki Peyman , Hamedi Amirmasoud , Torabi Mohammadamin , Zeidi Seyedmohammadjavad , Vosoughifar Hamidreza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the geometry modification in the physical model (step height) on flow factors in the stilling basin is investigated numerically. The Navier–Stokes equations were used to solve the flow field; the Reynolds stress turbulence model was used to model Reynolds stresses, and the volume of fluid method was used to determine the surface flow profile. Momentum and turbulence equations have been solved by the finite volume method. The results indicate that when the height of the steps in the stilling basin increases, the flow depth increases, and eventually the flow velocity decreases. When the height of the steps decreases, the flow velocity increases, and the flow depth decreases. The results of the numerical model are in good enough agreement with experimental results.
Leveraging Arguments in User Reviews for Generating and Explaining Recommendations
Authors: Donkers Tim , Ziegler Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReview texts constitute a valuable source for making system-generated recommendations both more accurate and more transparent. Reviews typically contain statements providing argumentative support for a given item rating that can be exploited to explain the recommended items in a personalized manner. We propose a novel method called Aspect-based Transparent Memories (ATM) to model user preferences with respect to relevant aspects and compare them to item properties to predict ratings, and, by the same mechanism, explain why an item is recommended. The ATM architecture consists of two neural memories that can be viewed as arrays of slots for storing information about users and items. The first memory component encodes representations of sentences composed by the target user while the second holds an equivalent representation for the target item based on statements of other users. An offline evaluation was performed with three datasets, showing advantages over two baselines, the well-established Matrix Factorization technique and a recent competitive representative of neural attentional recommender techniques.
Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales: The Role of Social Class and Migration
Authors: Jaadla Hannaliis , Reid Alice , Garrett Eilidh , Schürer Kevin , Day Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe use individual-level census data for England and Wales for the period 1851–1911 to investigate the interplay between social class and geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during the fertility transition. We also consider the effect of spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual fertility behavior in the early phases of demographic modernization. Prior research on the fertility transition in England and Wales has demonstrated substantial variation in fertility levels and declines by different social groups; however, these findings were generally reported at a broad geographical level, disguising local variation and complicated by residential segregation along social class and occupational lines. Our findings confirm a clear pattern of widening social class differences in recent net fertility, providing strong support for the argument that belonging to a certain social group was an important determinant of early adoption of new reproductive behavior in marriage in England and Wales. However, a relatively constant effect of lower net fertility among long-distance migrants both before the transition and in the early phases of declining fertility indicates that life course migration patterns were most likely factor in explaining the differences in fertility operating through postponement of marriage and childbearing.
Screening, Characterization and Evaluation of Mangiferin Polymorphs
Authors: Yang Shiying , Zhou Qi , Zhang Baoxi , Zhang Li , Yang Dezhi , Yang Haiguang , Du Guanhua , Lu Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mangiferin is a compound with many pharmacological activities and exists in many natural products. Anhydrous and hydrate of mangiferin have been reported separately in two literatures, but the polymorphism of this compound has not been realized until this paper. In this study, polymorph screening of mangiferin has been carried out and five forms have been obtained including three new forms never reported. Several solid state characterization methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, are used to identify and characterize all of mangiferin forms. The comparison of the crystallographic data and hirshfeld surface analysis were first reported for mangiferin anhydrous and hydrate. Furthermore, the studies on stability, transformation and solubility have been undertaken, the results prompt that form V can be used as the dominant polymorph for the development of innovative pharmaceuticals.

Graphic Abstract
Bicomplex Bergman and Bloch spaces
Authors: Reséndis O. L. F. , Tovar S. L. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we define the bicomplex weighted Bergman spaces on the bidisk and their associated weighted Bergman projections, where the respective Bergman kernels are determined. We study also the bicomplex Bergman projection onto the bicomplex Bloch space.
The prevalence of and exact indications for daily opioid use among aged home care clients with and without dementia
Authors: Mörttinen-Vallius Heidi , Hartikainen Sirpa , Seinelä Lauri , Jämsen Esa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The increasing trend of opioid use for non-malignant pain among older people has raised concerns about whether opioids are used for appropriate indications. On the other hand, pain in patients with dementia may be undertreated.

Aims
To examine the prevalence of and indications for daily opioid use among home care clients, and to determine opioid use differs between those with and without dementia.

Methods
All home care clients aged ≥ 65 years using opioids daily (n = 282) were identified based on their first Resident Assessment Instrument–Home Care assessment in 2014. Exact indications for opioid use, the opioid substance used, the median duration of use, and changes in opioid medication within 12 months from study entry were obtained from the electronic medical records.

Results
The prevalence of daily opioid use was 9.3%, and the median duration of use before the study entry was 357 days (interquartile range 126–719 days). The majority of clients continued to use opioids daily during the follow-up year. Vertebral osteoporotic fractures (21.6%), degenerative spinal disorders (20.9%), and osteoarthritis (20.6%) were the most common indications for opioid use. Buprenorphine was used more frequently in persons with dementia, but otherwise there were no differences between those with and without dementia.

Discussion and conclusions
Home care clients use opioids for long periods of time for pain related mostly to musculoskeletal disorders, although the effectiveness of long-term opioid use is not clear. The lack of effective or suitable options for management of pain might explain the situation.
Functionalized Mesoporous Silicon Nanomaterials in Inorganic Soil Pollution Research: Opportunities for Soil Protection and Advanced Chemical Imaging
Authors: Yang Jia-Wei , Fang Wen , Williams Paul N. , McGrath John W. , Eismann Carlos Eduardo , Menegário Amauri Antonio , Elias Lucas Pellegrini , Luo Jun , Xu Yingjian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Innovative actions towards a pollution free-planet” is a goal of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA). Aided by both the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and its Global Soil Partnership under the 3rd UNEA resolution, a consensus from > 170 countries have agreed a need for accelerated action and collaboration to combat soil pollution. This initiative has been tasked to find new and improved solutions to prevent and reduce soil pollution, and it is in this context that this review provides an updated perspective on an emerging technology platform that has already provided demonstrable utility for measurement, mapping, and monitoring of toxic trace elements (TTEs) in soils, in addition to the entrapment, removal, and remediation of pollutant sources. In this article, the development and characteristics of functionalized mesoporous silica nanomaterials (FMSN) will be discussed and compared with other common metal scavenging materials. The chemistries of the common functionalizations will be reviewed, in addition to providing an outlook on some of the future directions/applications of FMSN. The use of FMSN in soil will be considered with some specific case studies focusing on Hg and As. Finally, the advantages and developments of FMSN in the widely used diffusive gradients-in-thin films (DGT) technique will be discussed, in particular, its advantages as a DGT substrate for integration with oxygen planar optodes in multilayer systems that provide 2D mapping of metal pollutant fluxes at submillimeter resolution, which can be used to measure detailed sediment-water fluxes as well as soil-root interactions, to predict plant uptake and bioavailability.
Simulation of water evaporation under natural conditions—A state-of-the-art overview
Authors: Wickert Daniel , Prokop Günther 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phase change of water or other liquids is a process that takes part in many technical applications. The field of research is widely diversified with domains in energy technology, air conditioning, and even corrosion. The modalities of the phase change vary thereby. While condensation always occurs under the same condition, evaporation is much more complicated. The evaporation of a liquid can be forced by boiling or happens under natural condition. Boiling is a process with a high-energy flow and therefore a fast procedure. Evaporation under natural conditions is a much more time-intensive process but in researches of the wetting and as a result the damage of daily products more relevant. This contribution analyses different CFD-tools with regard to their ability to simulate the evaporation of water under natural conditions and gives an overview of the state-of-the-art for a few mesh and meshfree methods. The mesh-based CFD showed varying results from unsuitable models to detailed calculations. The mesh-free CFD is dependent on an artificial model due to some methodological assumptions. As a conclusion, the use of an artificial model is recommended in order to be able to generate a usable result and evaluate the benefit of countermeasures.
Commercial channels vs free distribution and screening of agricultural learning videos: A case study from Benin and Mali
Authors: Zoundji Gérard C. , Okry Florent , Vodouhê Simplice D. , Bentley Jeffery W. , Witteveen Loes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFarmers’ access to reliable information is crucial to improving rural livelihoods, food security, and national economies in West Africa. This paper discusses the dynamics of accessing and using agricultural learning videos from commercial channels, vs project and non-project channels in Benin and Mali. Using combinations of different models to assess the effectiveness of agricultural extension programs, the findings showed that farmers were motivated to pay for videos and watch them by themselves, without facilitation. Farmers who watched the videos through project support have also continued to watch on their own if the videos are of interest to them. Nevertheless, farmers were less motivated in the learning process when they received the Digital Video Disc (DVD) free and without support to watch them. We also found that the distribution of learning videos through commercial channels reaches more serious users and increases farmers’ self-determination for learning, and farmers are more motivated to provide feedback than viewers who receive DVDs for free or via project support, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), or farmer organizations. Although buying a DVD is an individual action, they like to watch the videos in groups. After buying the DVD, about 43% of respondent borrowed DVD players and one person in five bought a DVD player to watch the videos. Efforts to promote improved technologies need to expand beyond the conventional focus on research and extension services. Support to agricultural technology dissemination must go beyond assistance to smallholder farmers and NGOs (practical implication). As the private sector has a role to play, both in making technologies available and in teaching farmers how to use them, their contribution would create space for innovation (theoretical implication). Our findings suggest that successful development intervention programs can be sell audiovisual material to farmers, who will use it proactively.
Reusable respirators as personal protective equipment during ENT surgery
Authors: Patel B , Hardman J C , Yang W , Robson A , Putnam G , George A , Paleri V 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRobust personal protective equipment is essential in preventing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 to head and neck surgeons who are routinely involved in aerosol generating procedures.ObjectiveThis paper describes the collective experience, across 3 institutes, of using a reusable half-face respirator in 72 head and neck surgery cases.MethodCost analysis was performed to demonstrate the financial implications of using a reusable respirator compared to single-use filtering facepiece code 3 masks.ConclusionThe reusable respirator is a cost-effective alternative to disposable filtering facepiece code 3 respirators. Supplying reusable respirators to individual staff members may increase the likelihood of them having appropriate personal protective equipment during their clinical duties.