bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of FeV Residual Powders as an Innovation of Thermo Reactive Deposition Process (TRD) with Material Balance Method to Carbide Surface Characteristics on SUJ2 Tool Steel
Authors: Fawazul Reza , Mochtar Myrna Ariati 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thermal Reactive Deposition (TRD) using pack cementation method with vanadium as carbide former has been examined to form the carbide layer on SUJ2 tool steel. In this study, effect of addition recycled FeV powder to new FeV powder to the product quality. Calculation analysis resulted 4 variations of FeV powder ratio to be studied i.e. 100% new FeV powder; 100% residual FeV powder; new powder FeV : residual FeV powder 50%:50%; New FeV powder : residual FeV powder 25%:75%. Electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM) analysis showed that the carbide layer formed in each sample had the same relative layer thickness of about 18μ. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterized showing that there were a vanadium carbide compound in the formed layer. Hardness test and wear test resulted a relatively similar hardness value of about 1800 HV and 3×10−5 mm3/m. It can be concluded that the use of residual FeV powder to the new FeV powder can be applied because the test results with various ratios that have been done have relatively similar results and meet the hardness application specification of 1700 HV.
Preliminary study on the use of rice husk as a reducing agent in iron sand reduction
Authors: Ghiyats Muhammad Faris , Maksum Ahmad , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Titanium is a valuable mineral that has many advanced functions in our daily lives. This has caused the demand for this mineral to increase over the years. Researchers have long studied the use of reduction methods using coal in increasing titanium content in iron sand before further processing. Considering the sulfur content in coal which causes various excess problems in the reduction process, then in this experimental study we tried to examine the potential of rice husk as a reduction agent in the iron sand reduction process. This study includes several stages, namely roasting and reduction processes with or without the addition of Na2SO4, and magnetic separation. The weight ratio of iron sand and rice husk used in this study was 10: 1, while the reduction process was carried out at a temperature of 700°C for 60 minutes, followed by the magnetic separation process. Characterization of samples was carried out using XRD and ICP-MS. And the final results obtained after magnetic separation showed that the Ti content in the product tail was higher than the Ti content in the concentrate, which was 0.692% and 0.221% respectively.
Characteristics of Uranium Dioxide (UO2) Kernel Produced by Sintering Process using Modified Sintering Reactor
Authors: Setyadji Moch , Fitrotun Aliyah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sintering process is the final stage of fuel kernel manufacturing prior to the coating process. This stage is very important part of the whole process, because it will determine the feasibility of UO2 kernel to comply with the specifications of HTR reactor fuel. The objective of this research was to obtain UO2 kernel with the density of ≥ 95% TD. The results showed that the highest density reached 92.56% TD or about 10.1441 g/cm3. This condition of sintering was gained at the temperature of 1400 °C with sintering time of 2 hours. The sintering product diameter gained was around 919 μm the specific surface area 4.4213 m2/g, and a total pore volume 4,751 x 10−3 cm3/g. The density of UO2 kernel produced from this research is the best compared to previous finding because of its density already approaches the HTR fuel specification requirements.
Shape Memory Thermoplastic Natural Rubber for Forensic Applications
Authors: Sengsuk Theerarat , Intom Sililak , Songtipya Ladawan , Johns Jobish , Chawengsaksopak Krisadakon , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Shape memory thermoplastic natural rubber was successfully developed in our laboratory. The main aim of this work is to obtain the suitable recipe and condition for fabrication of shape memory polymers (SMPs) based thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR). It can be easily used as 3D imprint material for forensic application. The effect of blending ratio of thermoplastic (TP) and natural rubber (NR) on the mechanical and shape memory properties has been investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties show a decreasing trend with increasing of NR content while the shape fixity (≥ 70%) and recovery efficiency (≥ 60%) increased when adding NR in the blends. In addition, the prepared SMPs based TPNR in this work was also compared with commercially available forensic grade silicone. The resulting material provided better performances in terms of mechanical properties and shelf life. Low cost and ease of processing are the advantages and benefits of this system.
Corrosion Resistance of 316L Biomaterial in Simulated Body Fluid by Modification of Shot Distance and Shot Angle of Shot Peening
Authors: Kondi Maliwemu Erich Umbu , Malau Viktor , Tri Iswanto Priyo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Corrosion resistance of 316L biomaterial can be improved by mechanical surface treatment such as shot peening. Shot peening can create plastic deformation as a nanocrystal surface layer on the metal surface to protect the material from corrosion attack. This study aims to investigate the effect of shot peening on the corrosion resistance of 316L to reach the best rate of corrosion. The shot peening parameters in this research are shot distance (6, 8, 10, and 12 cm), shot angle (30, 60, and 90°), compressor pressure (7 kg/cm2), shot duration (20 minutes), and steel balls S-170 (diameter of 0.6 mm). Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) was used as a corrosion media with ion concentrations nearly equal to human blood plasma. Corrosion tests were used versaSTAT, and the data were analyzed by VersaStudio. The result shows that the shot peening can decrease the corrosion rate of the 316L biomaterial. The larger the shot angle, the lower the corrosion rate and the nearer the shot distance, the lower the corrosion rate. The nearest shot distance (6 cm) and the largest shot angle (90°) give the best result to decrease the corrosion rate from 0.8617 mpy to 0.1096 mpy.
Effect of Activated Carbon Addition on Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12/Nano Si Composite as Anode Material for LiB
Authors: Annisa N , Orlando I , Faizah  , Syahrial A Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12/LTO) is one of the materials being developed as an anode in Li-ion battery. LTO has zero-strain properties that do not volume change during charge and discharge, does not cause SEI, and can be used for the high rate. However, LTO has a weakness such as low electrical conductivity of 10−13 S/cm and low capacity of 175 mAh/g. Therefore, it needs to be combined with high-capacity materials such as silicon and materials that have high electrical conductivity such as carbon. In this study, the LTO-C/nano-Si composite was made to obtain an anode with high capacity and electrical conductivity. Carbon is added with a variation of 1, 3, and 5 wt% during the sol-gel process, while nano-Si is added by 10 wt% of the total active material ingredient in the slurry making. The carbon added is activated carbon which has previously been activated by using NaOH. Activated carbon is characterized by BET and SEM, while LTO-C/nano-Si composite was characterized by XRD and SEM. For the battery electrochemical performance, EIS, CV, and CD tests are performed. Activated carbon has a surface area of 490,007 m2/g. In this study, the optimum result achieved by the addition of 3% activated carbon (LTO-3%C/nano-Si) with 182.87 Ω resistivity and 17.14 mAh/g discharge capacity at 20C.
Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) by Sol-Gel Method for Lithium Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Purwamargapratala Yustinus , Sujatno Agus , Sabayu Yohanes Lugas , Kartini Evvy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is one of the material that has the potential as anode in lithium ion battery that is safe to use and has a long life cycle. In this research, LTO was synthesed by sol-gel method using oxalic acid as chelating material, it is expected to produce materials with smaller particles and homogeneous distribution. The LTO sol-gel compared to commercial LTO. Characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The measurement of LTO battery performance is carried out by charge discharge and electron impedance spectroscopy. The sol-gel LTO has a purity of 99%, which is higher than 57% commercial LTO. The average particle size is 1 μm, and the conductivity is 7.6x10−7 S.cm−1. While commercial LTO has a purity of 57%, the average particle size is 30 μm and conductivity is 7.4x10−7 S.cm−1. Batteries with synthesized LTO anodes have a capacity of 25.9% higher in the first cycle and 110% higher in fifth cycles incomparison with batteries used commercial LTO anodes.
Implant materials for knee and hip joint replacement: A review from the tribological perspective
Authors: Hussain Omar , Saleem Shahid , Ahmad Babar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The hip and knee joints work under boundary/mixed lubrication during sleep and rest which causes starved lubrication by the natural lubricant synovial fluid and with the passage of time leads to arthritis resulting from the wear of joints due to starved lubrication. The excessive wear leads to loosening of joint needing total joint replacement. The current materials used in total knee replacement and total hip replacement are presented in this paper. Biomedical implants are gaining increasing attention nowadays to improve the working lifespan of joint replacements like hip and knee. Researchers are focussing on developing biocompatible materials with improved wear resistance for joint replacements. Various biocompatible metals and polymers have been used for knee & hip joints which are discussed in this paper. The investigations on self-lubricating biocompatible coatings on metals and alloys are the current focus of research. In this paper, a broad review of the materials used for total joint prosthetics is presented and the current trends of the joint replacement technology are discussed besides highlighting the various issues and challenges.
Enhancement of Micro cantilever’s Rectangular and Triangular Beam for Improvising the Sensitivity of Biosensor – a Comparative Study
Authors: Urekabharathi S , Padmasine K G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the mixing of factors like mechanical, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common substrate through the consumption of micro-fabrication era or micro-technology. A type of beam is called “cantilever” which provides assistance at only one end. This work affords to have a look on MEMS based entirely micro cantilever beama which are employed in medical software systems and are a component to slicing region reasonably evolved sensors. The beams of the Cantilever are the most omnipresent systems within the area of micro-electromechanical structures (MEMS). MEMS cantilevers are normally made from silicon (Si), silicon nitride (Si3N4), or poly-silicon. A procedure on growth in deflection of micro cantilever beam is essential for enhancing the sensitivity of biosensor. The sensitivity level of a microcantilever biosensor relies upon on its deflection that occurs because of the antigen-antibody interplay. The deflection can be elevated by way of growing the length or lowering the thickness of micro cantilever beam but it’ll minimize the reverberating frequency of the beam. This minimizes the resonant frequency and that makes the cantilever vulnerable to thermal noise and low frequency vibrations which immediately affect the size of deflection. In this method, the rectangular and triangular shapes are taken into consideration and the comparative evaluation is established. The outcomes display that the deflection of triangular beam is two times extra than rectangle fashioned beam.
Incremental effect of saccharum officinarum addition on strength characteristics of geopolymer composite specimens
Authors: Dar A R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the development of geopolymer concrete by adopting saccharum officinarum molasses and naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde as admixtures. The behavioural effect of these admixtures on geopolymer is investigated. In the first stage, geopolymer concrete based on ordinary fly ash was prepared. In the second stage, by varying the percentages of cement (0 to 8%) with equal percentages of admixtures, three more geopolymer concrete mixes were prepared. Fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer concrete specimens were obtained by performing different tests. In addition, the concrete specimens were tested for ultrasonic pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and standard consistency. The findings of this study concluded that: the incremental addition of saccharum officinarum molasses improved the workability, boosted the durability and also enhanced the strength of geopolymer concrete. Further with the addition of cement in the range of 4 to 8% at a constant admixture content of 1.2%, strength and durability of geo-polymer concrete improved.
System Identification of Magnetorheological Damper for Various Configurations
Authors: Daniel C , Hemalatha G , Paul Sathiyan S , Betsya G , Sarala L , Tensing D , Sundar Manoharan S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A symmetrical Bouc Wen hysteretic model has been proposed for different configuration of MR damper in this paper. The various configurations of the MR damper include varying the annular gap between the cylinder and the piston, the amount of carbonyl iron particles present in the carrier fluid and varying the current. The symmetrical Bouc Wen model is simulated using the MATLAB software and the experimental and simulated force, displacement values are compared, and the maximum damping force is found among the various parameters considered. It is found that the maximum damping force was obtained for 1mm annular gap and a fluid configuration of 80% carbonyl iron particles when excited at a frequency of 0.5Hz with 2.5A power supply.
The Complementary Membership Function of n-Trapezoidal Shape Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Pandian Selvam , Arthur Rajkumar , Easwari Janakaran Sudha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fuzzy numbers are based on membership function such as the trapezoidal shape of the trapezoidal fuzzy number have one interval with two uncertain intervals. A crisp value of trapezoidal fuzzy number is not sufficient when uncertainty arises in more than four intervals such as the hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, dodecagonal, etc., In this paper we take Dubois Prade left and right reference function with distributive function and complementary function respectively and find the generalization of the membership function of n-trapezoidal shapes uncertain numbers in a very simple way. Also illustrated with few examples also.
Experimental studies to characterize gradation segregation of asphalt mixes
Authors: Kiran V , Jagadeesh H S , Anusha T M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gradation segregation can be described as the non-homogeneity of the asphalt mix which includes coarse aggregates and fine aggregates which may tend to segregate during the process of crushing, stockpiling, mixing in hot mix plant, transportation and paving practices. There are various methods to determine the gradation segregation such as visual judgment, sand-paving test, digital image processing method, nuclear density meter measurement, ground penetrating radar, infrared thermal imaging etc., these detection methods are used to determine the segregation only on the paved asphalt mix but these methods cannot be used to evaluate the extent of segregation occurred before paving the asphalt mix. Since many researchers have carried out work on gradation segregation, still enormous work has to be carried out to determine the gradation segregation before paving the asphalt mix. Hence, in the present study, a test equipment is designed and fabricated to determine the gradation segregation that can be used in the laboratory. Using the test equipment and an index Δ∑Pi the extent of gradation segregation has been determined for various asphalt mixes such as Bituminous Concrete (BC) grading 1 and 2, Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) grading-1, Cold mix for Bituminous Concrete grading - 2 and Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) mixes as per MORTH and ASTM are investigated. The results indicated that the extent of gradation segregation is severe for DBM grading-1, moderate segregation for BC grading-1 and no or slight segregation for BC grading-2, OGFC, and BC grading-2 cold. As the maximum nominal aggregates sizes increase segregation levels also increases and as the coarse aggregate sizes increases in the gradation of the mix the amount of segregation also increased and get segregated under gravity forces.
Predicting the Wear Rate of Aluminum Alloy AA2024-T351 using Hybrid Linear function and Radial Basis Function
Authors: Ashwin A , Hari Lakshman R B , Chand Swaroop C B , Vignesh M , Vaira Vignesh R , Padmanaban R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
AA2024 is one of the heat treatable Al-Cu alloys with good strength to weight ratio and fracture resistance. It finds application mainly in aircraft and structural applications. In T351 tempered condition, AA2024 has improved hardness and strength. However, the softness of the matrix leads to high wear rate. In this study, tribological characteristics of AA2024-T351 is determined using a pin-on-disc tribometer by varying the sliding velocity, sliding distance and axial load as per face centered central composite design. A hybrid linear – radial basis function model is developed to explore the effect of normal load, sliding distance and sliding velocity on the wear rate of AA2024-T351 alloy. The predominant wear regimes in AA2024-T351 alloy is understood from the characterization study on the surface morphology of the worn specimens.
A comparative numerical study of standard 3D composite plate using virtual crack closure technique and cohesive zone modelling method
Authors: Sindhu B R , Raju J , Kamath Kiran 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A standard square plate specimen made up of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) laminates with an artificially-introduced delamination was considered for evaluation of fracture parameters using Abaqus-Standard software. Though there are several methods to evaluate the initiation of delamination using software, Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) and Cohesive Zone Modelling (CZM) method are commonly used. By using the above-mentioned methods, the Quasi-Isotropic (QI) composite laminates were analysed for varying compressive loads. The Load-Displacement responses were reported and seen to be in overall good statement with each other, while the modelling effort and computational time required were quite higher in CZM method compared to VCCT. Onset of delamination growth for CFRP and GFRP laminates was studied using VCCT by evaluating Strain Energy Release Rates (SERR). The results for both the specimens were compared and reported.
Friction and wear characteristics of polyetheretherketone (PEEK): A review
Authors: Mir A H , Charoo M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
PEEK is a colourless organic thermoplastic polymer which is used for tribological applications. It is seen as a potential replacement to metal and ceramic tribo-components due to excellent property profile. Various reinforcements like carbon fibers, Al2O3, SiC, WS2, ZrO2, etc have been incorporated in PEEK to improve its wear resistance and to aid its further applications by improving its anti-wear properties. This study presents a review of the tribological properties of PEEK and its composites in dry as well as aqueous environments.The friction and wear characteristics of PEEK and its composites are discussed in the proceeding sections. The role of various fillers in improving the friction and wear characteristics of PEEK is enlightened. The current research trends in PEEK tribology are also presented.
Analyzing structural and tribological characteristics of different materials at micro- and nano-level using molecular dynamics simulations: An overview
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Wani M.F. , Sehgal Rakesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This review paper presents structural and tribological characterization of various materials at micro- and nano-level using molecular dynamics simulation. The investigated computational methods of molecular dynamics simulation are briefly explained. Molecular dynamics is the most accurate theoretical model to speculate motions at molecular level and are mainly used to study chemical and mechanical behavior of various phenomena with tribological properties like friction, wear and self-lubrication properties. The dynamics of transformation of structure, microstructure and composition with mechanical and chemical performances of different composites are reviewed. The mechanisms of friction, wear and self-lubricating behavior are analyzed for self-lubricating materials using available MD software models, LAMMPS being easily available and having low computational cost is the most widely used modeling software. These models are used to study and compare properties at micro and nano-level because in the first place friction and wear need to be controlled at molecular level. This paper is intended to render molecular dynamics simulation which is utilized to study the dynamics of various parameters of atoms and molecules in various phases at molecular level of different materials with main focus on friction and self-lubricating materials. The main focus behind this review is to present the potential and competence of computational modeling methods to envisage behavior and performance of different models at molecular level.
Bactericidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mala R. , Hari Prasath N. , Ruby Celsia A. S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against the pathogen isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. The isolate was identified by MALDI-TOF. The susceptibility of the isolate to antibiotic was evaluated by disc diffusion assay. Chemically synthesized zinc oxide nano particle was characterized for its size distribution by dynamic light scattering, morphology by FESEM and elemental composition by energy dispersive X-rayspectroscopy. The wound isolate was identified asE. coli. Thestrain wasresistant to β lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The size of zinc oxide nano particle was recorded as 55nm. FESEM revealed the spherical shape of zinc oxide nanoparticles. UV visible spectrophotometry confirms the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles with an absorbance maximum at 372 nm. Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibited E. coli with an inhibition zone of 25 mm.Thus, thestudy provedthe-bacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against multi drug resistant E. coli.