bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation period modeling and limit state of degradation
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Izquierdo David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present MC 2010 the propagation period, addressing degradation processes, was not included said due to the lack of data to allow for a sound validation. However, taking account of the propagation period is essential for the assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures. In addition, considering the propagation period is relevant for the probabilistic definition of the service life, as a certain amount of degradation should be produced to result in a condition not fulfilling the design requirements. Regarding reinforcement corrosion, in the present work the model of Tuutti is generalized to nonconstant corrosion rates by considering a sequence of periods with each having a constant corrosion rate. Possible models for the calculation of the time to cracking are commented, together with the consideration of a possible limit state related to damage level. Regarding other of deterioration processes related to the concrete material itself, attempts to model these have been very limited and much less attention has been paid to characterize their rate. These processes include: alkali‐silica reaction or sulfate attack, acid or leaching by pure waters and frost attack. In the present article, such attacks are modeled through an initiation period followed by a propagation period. Their rate of deterioration can either be considered constant or also as a sequence of shorter consecutive linear time periods.
Monitoring the flexural performance of GFRP repaired corroded reinforced concrete beams using passive acoustic emission technique
Authors: Garhwal Sunil , Sharma Shruti , Sharma Sandeep Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe focus of the research is to evaluate the flexural behavior and performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) repaired reinforced concrete (RC) beams corroded to different levels using acoustic emission (AE) techniques. A significant improvement in the flexural characteristics of the GFRP repaired corroded beams is observed with a change in failure mode from brittle to ductile. The benefits of GFRP repair in corroded RC beams are further clearly demonstrated by AE monitoring parameters of cumulative AE hits and their amplitudes. A significant improvement in the number of AE hits and the reappearance of AE cracking phases after repair of corroded beams indicate the efficiency of AE technique to monitor repaired structures also. A pictorial representation of the development of microcracks beneath the surface of concrete and GFRP to the formation of macrocracks is well demonstrated in an AE event plot. The assessment of local damage in RC beams using AE techniques subjected to simultaneous loading and corrosion and their further repair would facilitate in‐situ nondestructive evaluation of actual RC structures in future for detecting damage beneath the surface even after FRP repair.
Moduli stabilisation and the statistics of SUSY breaking in the landscape
Authors: Broeckel Igor , Cicoli Michele , Maharana Anshuman , Singh Kajal , Sinha Kuver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe statistics of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the string landscape has been extensively studied in the past finding either a power-law behaviour induced by uniform distributions of F-terms or a logarithmic distribution motivated by dynamical supersymmetry breaking. These studies focused mainly on type IIB flux compactifications but did not systematically incorporate the Kähler moduli. In this paper we point out that the inclusion of the Kähler moduli is crucial to understand the distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the landscape since in general one obtains unstable vacua when the F-terms of the dilaton and the complex structure moduli are larger than the F- terms of the Kähler moduli. After taking Kähler moduli stabilisation into account, we find that the distribution of the gravitino mass and the soft terms is power-law only in KKLT and perturbatively stabilised vacua which therefore favour high scale supersymmetry. On the other hand, LVS vacua feature a logarithmic distribution of soft terms and thus a preference for lower scales of supersymmetry breaking. Whether the landscape of type IIB flux vacua predicts a logarithmic or power-law distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale thus depends on the relative preponderance of LVS and KKLT vacua.
Two-loop rational terms in Yang-Mills theories
Authors: Lang Jean-Nicolas , Pozzorini Stefano , Zhang Hantian , Zoller Max F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scattering amplitudes in D dimensions involve particular terms that originate from the interplay of UV poles with the (D − 4)-dimensional parts of loop numerators. Such contributions can be controlled through a finite set of process-independent rational counterterms, which make it possible to compute loop amplitudes with numerical tools that construct the loop numerators in four dimensions. Building on a recent study [1] of the general properties of two-loop rational counterterms, in this paper we investigate their dependence on the choice of renormalisation scheme. We identify a nontrivial form of scheme dependence, which originates from the interplay of mass and field renormalisation with the (D−4)-dimensional parts of loop numerators, and we show that it can be controlled through a new kind of one-loop counterterms. This guarantees that the two-loop rational counterterms for a given renormalisable theory can be derived once and for all in terms of generic renormalisation constants, which can be adapted a posteriori to any scheme. Using this approach, we present the first calculation of the full set of two-loop rational counterterms in Yang-Mills theories. The results are applicable to SU(N) and U(1) gauge theories coupled to nf fermions with arbitrary masses.
A Methodological Approach for the Study of Domes
Authors: Bianchini Carlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDomes still represents a prickly subject, large dimensions coupled with a limited accessibility making their study difficult and time-consuming. Although throughout history this problem has been tackled in different ways, relevant methodological and operational issues have until now limited the success of these efforts. Digital technologies have radically changed this scenario. 3D active and passive capturing systems currently allow for a dense and accurate surveying while modelling software provides powerful tools to build virtual counterparts of surfaces and to investigate their geometric properties. The aim of this paper is to present three different projects developed by a research group in the Department of History, Representation and Restoration of Architecture—Sapienza University of Rome. Based on their results, the group has set up and tested a protocol that can guide users from acquisition through modelling and, finally, to the reading of the geometric properties of domes.
Fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A: a review of short- and long-term efficacy of this treatment strategy for chronic anal fissure; a consecutive proposal of a treatment algorithm for chronic anal fissure
Authors: Trzpis M. , Klaase J. M. , Koop R. H. , Broens P. M. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies have investigated the short- and long-term efficacy of fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A injection for patients with chronic anal fissure.

Objective
To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of the combined treatment strategy of fissurectomy with botulinum toxin A for chronic anal fissure and to discuss recurrence rates in the light of current theory on the aetiology of anal fissure.

Materials and methods
This is a narrative review. We conducted an article search using PubMed and calculated the means of the reported efficacy ranges.

Results
Fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A injections freed at least 78% of the patients from symptoms and yielded a fissure healing rate of up to 86%. Within 12 months after treatment a 3% recurrence rate was reported. On average, the long-term recurrence rate was 22%. One study reported a 50% recurrence rate 22 months after treatment.

Conclusion
The efficacy of fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A injection for chronic anal fissure is high. The short-term recurrence rate is low, while long-term recurrence is relatively high. Extended follow-up indicates that recurrence of chronic anal fissure is possibly caused by anal basal pressure building up steadily once again. If so, the cause of renewed increase of pressure should be addressed. Based on the literature and on our clinical experience, we assume that the underlying cause of increasing anal basal pressure is that patients use their pelvic floor muscles inadequately and this in turn leads to chronic anal fissure.
Rapid quantification of insulin degludec by immunopurification combined with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Reverter-Branchat Gemma , Groessl Michael , Nakas Christos T , Prost Jean-Christophe , Antwi Kwasi , Niederkofler Eric E. , Bally Lia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsulin degludec is an ultra-long-acting insulin analogue that is increasingly being used in diabetes due to its favourable efficacy and safety profile. Thus, there is an increasing demand for a reliable and specific analytical method to quantify insulin degludec for research, pharmaceutical industry and clinical applications. We developed and validated an automated, high-throughput method for quantification of insulin degludec in human blood samples across the expected clinical range combining immunopurification with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Validation was performed according to the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration. The method satisfyingly met the following parameters: lower limit of quantification (120 pM), linearity, accuracy (error < 5%), precision (CV < 7.7%), selectivity, carry-over, recovery (89.7–97.2%), stability and performance in the presence of other insulin analogues. The method was successfully applied to clinical samples of patients treated with insulin degludec showing a good correlation with the administered dose (r2 = 0.78). High usability of the method is supported by the small specimen volume, automated sample processing and short analysis time. In conclusion, this reliable, easy-to-use and specific mass spectrometric insulin degludec assay offers great promise to address the current unmet need for standardized insulin analytics in academic and industrial research.
Visualization of microaneurysms in macular telangiectasia type 1 on optical coherence tomography angiography before and after photocoagulation
Authors: Nakai Mitsuko , Iwami Hisashi , Fukuyama Hisashi , Gomi Fumi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate changes in the visualization of microaneurysms (MAs) in cases of macular telangiectasia (Mac Tel) type 1 on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) before and after treatment with direct photocoagulation and to evaluate their relationship with treatment efficacy.

Methods
The study included 12 eyes from 12 patients (8 men, 4 women; mean age 72.1 years) with Mac Tel type 1 accompanied by cystoid macular edema. OCTA for the evaluation of MAs was performed before and 15 min and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after photocoagulation. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were also evaluated.

Results
A total of 73 MAs were detected within the areas of macular edema on OCTA, and 39 of these underwent photocoagulation. At 15 min after treatment, 17 MAs were no longer visible on OCTA. At 6 weeks, two MAs had reappeared, whereas five additional MAs were no longer visible. The CRT in eyes with resolved MA was significantly less than that in eyes with persistent MAs (p = 0.016). At 24 weeks, seven eyes had no visible MAs, and the BCVA was not significantly different from baseline.

Conclusion
OCTA can monitor changes in the visualization of MAs associated with Mac Tel type 1 after direct photocoagulation. Eyes in which MAs disappeared after treatment could recover from cystoid macular edema.
Release characteristics of overpressurised gas from complex vents: implications for volcanic hazards
Authors: Schmid Markus , Kueppers Ulrich , Cigala Valeria , Sesterhenn Jörn , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany explosive volcanic eruptions produce underexpanded starting gas-particle jets. The dynamics of the accompanying pyroclast ejection can be affected by several parameters, including magma texture, gas overpressure, erupted volume and geometry. With respect to the latter, volcanic craters and vents are often highly asymmetrical. Here, we experimentally evaluate the effect of vent asymmetry on gas expansion behaviour and gas jet dynamics directly above the vent. The vent geometries chosen for this study are based on field observations. The novel element of the vent geometry investigated herein is an inclined exit plane (5, 15, 30° slant angle) in combination with cylindrical and diverging inner geometries. In a vertical setup, these modifications yield both laterally variable spreading angles as well as a diversion of the jets, where inner geometry (cylindrical/diverging) controls the direction of the inclination. Both the spreading angle and the inclination of the jet are highly sensitive to reservoir (conduit) pressure and slant angle. Increasing starting reservoir pressure and slant angle yield (1) a maximum spreading angle (up to 62°) and (2) a maximum jet inclination for cylindrical vents (up to 13°). Our experiments thus constrain geometric contributions to the mechanisms controlling eruption jet dynamics with implications for the generation of asymmetrical distributions of proximal hazards around volcanic vents.
Particle-resolved simulations of liquid fluidization of rigid and flexible fibers
Authors: Derksen J. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParticle-resolved, three-dimensional, time-dependent simulations of rigid and flexible cylinders fluidized by a liquid flow in fully periodic domains have been performed by means of the lattice-Boltzmann method supplemented with immersed boundaries. The solids volume fraction ranges from 0.10 to 0.48 and the length-over-diameter aspect ratio of the cylinders from 4 to 12. The bending stiffness of the cylinders is the third major input parameter. The resulting Reynolds numbers based on the average slip velocity of the cylinders and their equivalent diameter range from 6 to 70. It is shown that increasing the flexibility—that is, decreasing the bending stiffness—reduces the Reynolds number, an effect that is most pronounced for low solids volume fractions and long cylinders. As for rigid cylinders, the distribution of the orientation relative to the direction of gravity of the flexible cylinders is a pronounced function of the solids volume fraction and the aspect ratio. Flexibility tends to somewhat randomize the orientation distribution, which could explain the effect of flexibility on the slip velocity and thus the Reynolds number.
Beta-amyloid peptides(1–42) and (1–40) in the cerebrospinal fluid during pregnancy: a prospective observational study
Authors: Alomar-Dominguez Cristina , Dostal L. , Thaler J. , Putz G. , Humpel C. , Lederer W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo evaluate changes in concentrations of selected biomarkers, neurotrophic factors, and growth factors in the cerebrospinal fluid during pregnancy. A prospective observational study was conducted in 32 pregnant women undergoing gynecological and obstetrical surgery under spinal anesthesia in a university hospital. Beta-amyloid(1–42) and beta-amyloid(1–40) peptides, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight women in second trimester pregnancy who underwent spinal anesthesia for gynecological or obstetrical surgery were compared with 24 matched women in third trimester pregnancies. CSF concentrations of beta-amyloid(1–42) were significantly higher in third trimester pregnancies (p = 0.025). During third trimester, the beta-amyloid ratio correlated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (rs = 0.657; p = 0.008). Higher concentrations of beta-amyloid(1–42) in cerebrospinal fluid of third trimester pregnancies and correlations between the beta-amyloid ratio and the vascular endothelial growth factor support the hypothesis that beta-amyloid peptides are involved in complex adaptive brain alterations during pregnancy.
Retrospective analysis of bacterial colonization of necrotic bone and antibiotic resistance in 98 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
Authors: Ewald Florian , Wuesthoff Falk , Koehnke Robert , Friedrich Reinhard E. , Gosau Martin , Smeets Ralf , Rohde Holger , Assaf Alexandre T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of our study was to describe microbial flora associated with MRONJ and characterize the susceptibility of pathogens to help guide an effective empiric antibiotic treatment in these patients.

Materials and methods
A retrospective, single-center analysis was performed, using 116 bone samples from 98 patients. The bone samples were homogenized and subjected to routine culture methods. Growing bacteria were differentiated to the species level using whole-cell mass spectrometry and subjected to susceptibility testing.

Results
A highly diverse microbial flora was detected in necrotic bone, with a simultaneous presence of two or more bacterial species in 79% of all patients. In at least 65% of samples, gram-negative isolates were detected. Therefore, bacterial species resistant against β-lactamase inhibitors were present in at least 70% of all patients.

Conclusions
The empiric choice of antibiotics in MRONJ patients should consider the high rate of gram-negative bacteria and resistance against β-lactam antibiotics.

Clinical relevance
According to recent guidelines and recommendations, systemic antibiotic treatment is a key component in the treatment of all stage 2 and 3 MRONJ patients. We recommend using fluoroquinolones for empiric treatment and emphasize the use of bacterial cultivation and susceptibility testing to enable an effective antibiotic treatment.
The late flowering of invasive species contributes to the increase of Artemisia allergenic pollen in autumn: an analysis of 25 years of aerobiological data (1995–2019) in Trentino-Alto Adige (Northern Italy)
Authors: Cristofori Antonella , Bucher Edith , Rossi Michele , Cristofolini Fabiana , Kofler Veronika , Prosser Filippo , Gottardini Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtemisia pollen is an important aeroallergen in late summer, especially in central and eastern Europe where distinct anemophilous Artemisia spp. produce high amounts of pollen grains. The study aims at: (i) analyzing the temporal pattern of and changes in the Artemisia spp. pollen season; (ii) identifying the Artemisia species responsible for the local airborne pollen load.Daily pollen concentration of Artemisia spp. was analyzed at two sites (BZ and SM) in Trentino-Alto Adige, North Italy, from 1995 to 2019.The analysis of airborne Artemisia pollen concentrations evidences the presence of a bimodal curve, with two peaks, in August and September, respectively. The magnitude of peak concentrations varies across the studied time span for both sites: the maximum concentration at the September peak increases significantly for both the BZ (p < 0.05) and SM (p < 0.001) site. The first peak in the pollen calendar is attributable to native Artemisia species, with A. vulgaris as the most abundant; the second peak is mostly represented by the invasive species A. annua and A. verlotiorum (in constant proportion along the years), which are causing a considerable increase in pollen concentration in the late pollen season in recent years.. The spread of these species can affect human health, increasing the length and severity of allergenic pollen exposure in autumn, as well as plant biodiversity in both natural and cultivated areas, with negative impacts on, e.g., Natura 2000 protected sites and crops.
Protocol: Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer in Ex Vivo Cultured Embryonic Mammary Gland
Authors: Lan Qiang , Mikkola Marja L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBranching morphogenesis of the murine mammary gland starts during late embryogenesis. It is regulated by the signals emanating both from the epithelium and the mesenchyme, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. We have previously developed a unique whole organ culture technique for embryonic mammary glands, which provides a powerful tool to monitor and manipulate branching morphogenesis ex vivo. Nowadays, RNA sequencing and other transcriptional profiling techniques provide robust methods to identify components of gene regulatory networks driving branching morphogenesis. However, validation of the candidate genes still mainly depends on the use of the transgenic mouse models, especially in mammary gland studies. By comparing different serotypes of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAVs), we found out that rAAVs provide sufficient efficiency for gene transfer with different tissue preferences depending on the serotypes of the virus. AAV-2 and AAV-8 preferentially target epithelial and mesenchymal compartments, respectively, while AAV-9 infects both tissues. Here, we describe a protocol for AAV-mediated gene transfer in ex vivo cultured murine embryonic mammary gland facilitating gene function studies on mammary gland branching morphogenesis.
HipaccVX: wedding of OpenVX and DSL-based code generation
Authors: Özkan M. Akif , Ok Burak , Qiao Bo , Teich Jürgen , Hannig Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWriting programs for heterogeneous platforms optimized for high performance is hard since this requires the code to be tuned at a low level with architecture-specific optimizations that are most times based on fundamentally differing programming paradigms and languages. OpenVX promises to solve this issue for computer vision applications with a royalty-free industry standard that is based on a graph-execution model. Yet, the OpenVX ’ algorithm space is constrained to a small set of vision functions. This hinders accelerating computations that are not included in the standard. In this paper, we analyze OpenVX vision functions to find an orthogonal set of computational abstractions. Based on these abstractions, we couple an existing domain-specific language (DSL) back end to the OpenVX environment and provide language constructs to the programmer for the definition of user-defined nodes. In this way, we enable optimizations that are not possible to detect with OpenVX graph implementations using the standard computer vision functions. These optimizations can double the throughput on an Nvidia GTX GPU and decrease the resource usage of a Xilinx Zynq FPGA by 50% for our benchmarks. Finally, we show that our proposed compiler framework, called HipaccVX, can achieve better results than the state-of-the-art approaches Nvidia VisionWorks and Halide-HLS.
Transferphänomene eines Design Thinking-Workshops und Ansätze für eine mehrdimensionale Innovationsberatung
Authors: Feustel-Liess Ernestine 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungVon zahlreichen Agenturen wird Innovation und Unternehmenswandel mittels des Design Thinking-Verfahrens versprochen, zunehmend auch über Online-Angebote. Die Transferphänomene eines Design Thinking-Workshops können vielfältig sein, und nicht immer gelingt die Implementation der erarbeiteten Innovation. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt die qualitative Studie der Autorin. In den befragten Unternehmen sind Effekte und Hürden des Innovationstransfers auf unterschiedlichen organisationalen Ebenen zu beobachten, organisationsdynamische Zusammenhänge werden oft nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Dieser Beitrag entwickelt aus organisationstheoretischer Sicht und beraterischer Praxis Ansätze für eine mehrdimensionale Innovationsberatung.