bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Mangroves in Kedah, Malaysia: A Remote Sensing and Ground-Truth Based Assessment
Authors: Kamil Ernie Amira , Takaijudin Husna , Hashim Ahmad Mustafa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mangroves are acknowledged for its ability in attenuating waves. The 2004 tsunami evidenced that mangroves shielded area encountered minimal damages compared to the unprotected coastlines. However, the status of mangroves nowadays is declining at an alarming rate due to natural disaster threats and anthropogenic factors. This study hereby aims to assess the distribution and species of mangroves in Kedah. Landsat-8 OLI images were utilized for mangroves distribution and species mapping by using GIS software. A number of 43 points were surveyed during ground-truthing in order to verify the mapping produced. The maps revealed that mangroves are abundantly grow in estuaries of Merbok - Kuala Kedah, and Langkawi. Five species from two families of mangroves were found which are including Rhizophora Apiculata, Avicennia Marina, Rhizophora Mucronata, Avicennia Officianalis, and Avicennia Alba, in order of dominance. Current mangroves coverage should be conserved and protected from any threats and human activities since a loss of approximately 2308 hectares of mangroves were observed compared to the status in 2012.
Characteristics of Pergau Reservoir Water Quality Profile
Authors: Effendi Alyaa Filza , Bahri Ayuni Samsul , Nadira Roslan Aiena Nur , Rosli Muhammad Zulsyahmi , Shahbodin Noorshariza Azura , Faiz Mohammad , Amin Mohd , Ruddin Md Sah Amir Shah , Husin Shahril Mod 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Water quality profile of Pergau Reservoir or also known as Sultan Ismail Petra Hydroelectric Reservoir has been conducted from 28th October to 3rd November 2019 during Pergau scientific expedation 2019. Three (3) lentic sampling stations (P1, P2 and P3) were selected with eleven (11) water parameters such as water temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, ammonical-nitrogen, oil and grease (O&G), and total coliform were analyzed for water quality status of Pergau Lake. Stratification profile of DO, pH and water temperature were recorded by 10m depth at all lentic stations. Generally DO, temperature and pH reading at the surface lentic sampling stations ranging between 7.11 to 9.21 mg/L, 27 to 27.5 °C and 7.50 to 8.72, respectively. Anoxic layer was detected at depth of 9 m at P1 whereas 3 m at P2 and P3. Profiling of DO, pH and water temperature shown decreased pattern when the water depth increased. Others parameters such as COD at the subsurface were ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 mg/L, TSS reading recorded ranged from 4.00 to 6.80 mg/L, ammoniacal-nitrogen ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 mg/L whereas BOD5 were ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 mg/L. The Department of Environment – Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI) classification was used to assess the water quality status of the selected sampling locations. The results showed that all locations fall under Class I ranged between 92.66 to 94.55% and in summary the area can be classified as clean and suitable for sensitive aquatic organisms.
The Spatial Influence of Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors on The Pattern of Air Pollution in Malaysia
Authors: Ya’acob Siti Hajar , Mar Iman Abdul Hamid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Air contaminant levels experience a large degree of spatial dimension. This study is an attempt to address the issue of spatially related human-made activities that cause distribution air pollutants over the geographic area. PM10 variable within 16-year annual observations (2000-2015) from 37 fixed monitoring stations across Peninsular Malaysia was analysed. Spatial analysis was performed using Exploratory Regression, Ordinary Least Square Regression, spatial autocorrelation, and kriging interpolation in ArcGIS software version 10.5. Generally, the variance inflation factor for all the exploratory variables was below 7.5, indicating the absence of multicollinearity among them. The adjusted R2 was in the range of 0.3–0.4 for the selected sub-model. Only industrial land use and RH were significant predictors in the selected sub-model. The initial profiling of PM10 using geographic information system (GIS) was able to identify the relevant spatial relationship leading to the identification of monitoring stations area either belongs to a hotspot or cold spots.
Analysis of Water Stress Index (WSI) for District Surrounding Ulu Sat Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Samsudin Mohamad Fikri , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Syed Omar Sharifah Aisyah , Mat Rasat Mohd Sukhairi , Salam Mohammed Abdus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the Water Stress Index for the selected area surrounding the Ulu-Sat forest reserve, Kelantan, Malaysia, was calculated. Water Stress Index was derived based on the ratio of water withdrawal to availability serves as an indicator to assess the status of water scarcity in the area. Water consumption for domestic purposes includes the daily water used for drinking and cleaning for households, while the non-domestic water used includes sectors such as agriculture (paddy and non-paddy), industry, and livestock. Estimation of water availability obtained from 3 stations located around Ulu-Sat forest reserve and the climate data obtained from the year 2008 to 2018. The water stress index presented in a range of 0.0 – 1.0. The result shows that the Water Stress Index value for Ulu-Sat forest reserve surrounding area obtained at an average of 0.32 for Machang, Pasir Puteh, and Kuala Krai. The result was implying a current low level of stress in Machang and Kuala Krai but the high-stress level in the Pasir Puteh area. The study also found that moderate to high-stress level occurs during the driest period of the year while low to medium stress level during the monsoon season. However, this ratio expected to further increase soon due to increase in water consumption and application. Hence, the importance of Ulu-Sat forest reserve in maintaining the stress level ratio low viewed as the utmost concern, especially in the dry season.
Investigation of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Kelantan, Malaysia using Geophysical and Hydrochemical Techniques
Authors: Kamal Zakiyah Ainul , Sulaiman Mohd Syakir , Hakim Muhammad Khairul , Thilageswaran  , Syahira Anis , Hamzah Zahidi , Ali Khan Mohammad Muqtada 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Seawater intrusion is known to be a major source of groundwater quality deterioration in coastal regions globally. The high population and the modern living standards demand more water, which has put the coastal aquifers under huge stress. Approximately 60% of water production in Kelantan is sourced from groundwater where groundwater abstraction for potable water supply is at its forefront. It is shown that the high rate of water abstraction from shallow and deep wells has put the coastal aquifer under stress to meet the increasing demand, as a result the movement of seawater accelerates fast towards the land which will cause mixing of groundwater with seawater. With this background, an integrated approaches using ERI and in-situ physical and hydrogeochemical technique is used to evaluate the nature and extend of seawater intrusion of shallow aquifers in coastal parts of Kelantan. A total of eight resistivity profile with a line spread of 200 meter each has been established to provide the subsurface resistivity values. The resistivity results showed low resistivity values ranging from 0.1 – 10.0 Ω m indicating that the groundwater is considered brackish or saline. Salinity results of the water analysis showed the value of 0.1, 4.1 and 6.0 parts per thousand (ppt) which considered as saline water zones. The electrical conductivity analysis values also reveal a value ranging from 200 – 2000 µs/cm suggest that aquifer is slightly brackish. Based on the result obtained, it is clear that saline water was detected in the shallow aquifer of the study area.
Seismic Facies and Geological Structure Interpretation of the A- Field, Malay Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Abd. Samad Muhammad Amiruddin Safwan , Sulaiman Nursufiah , Ali Khan Mohammad Muqtada , Rosmadi Nur Syahirah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to interpret the seismic facies and geological structures of the Miocene-Pleistocene succession based on the 3-D seismic dataset. The seismic data was interpreted by using Kingdom 8.8 version software. The dimension of study area is approximately 187 km2 (14.8 km long by 12.6 km wide). The variable types of seismic facies and geological structures were determined from the horizontal (inline) and vertical (crossline) lines in 2D seismic section of study area. The seismic facies can be classified into for major seismic facies such as parallel and sub-parallel, wavy, facies that reach out to south-east and chaotic reflector. Parallel and semi- parallel facies consist from high amplitude to low amplitude and moderate to high continuity. The mounded discontinuous seismic facies also can be seen in the seismic section and can be interpreted as turbidities depositional environment at the two-way time (TWT) ranges from 1.4 to 1.5 ms. The chaotic facies contain natural gas as it display due to an error to a wave at the two-way time ranges from 1.0 to 1.1 ms. The geological structures were determined at the study area consists of anticlines, syncline and faults that can be interpreted as structural and stratigraphic trap for potential hydrocarbon.
Assessment of Limestone Caves in Dabong, Kelantan using Systematic Studies for Potential Geoheritage Sites
Authors: Sulaiman Nursufiah , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Mohd Shariffuddin Saidah Izzati , Mohd Raflis Siti Balqis , Hassim Ramadhan Ibnu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The systematic studies for potential geoheritage sites have been conducted in Dabong area which focus at Pagar Cave, Gelap Cave and Keris Cave. Five approaches of systematic studies phases which are inventory, characterisation, classification, assessment and evaluation had been implemented to evaluate these three caves for potential geoheritage site. Based on overall systematic studies, there are five values of geoheritage observed in these three caves, which are scientific, educational, aesthetic, recreational and economic values. The level of significance is only local where these natural features are only important for the local community only. The quantitative assessment shows that the rank is about right to be as potential area for geoheritage sites.
Mineral Identification on Sediments of Pergau Dam Intakes
Authors: Chang Chang Shen , Yusoff Abdul Hafidz , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Sulaiman Ahmad Ziad , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Samsudin Mohd Fikri , Sulaiman Mohd Sofiyan , Mahmood Abdul Aziz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pergau Dam as the largest hydroelectrical generation station in Peninsular Malaysia within a mountainous region; is supplied by many flowing river as its intakes. Previous researches within Pergau area mostly focused on biodiversity while this research was to carry out baseline investigation on the minerals present in the intakes sediment of Pergau Dam through surface sampling. Through stereoscopic observation, assemblages of quartz, plagioclase, feldspar, muscovite, and biotite minerals in sediments implies a granitoid source rock. By computing X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) chemical compositional data of sediments into chemical weathering indices, overall weathering condition of Pergau Dam intakes area are unweathered to low chemical weathering intensity. Through Combination of XRF data and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of mineral phases, detailed mineralogy of plagioclases, K-feldspars, sericites, chlorites and accessory minerals such as epidotes, zircon and monazite were identified. Mineral assemblage and Streckeisen Diagram plots indicate the granitoid source rocks of the sediments are quartz monzorite and quartz monzodiorite.
Notes on the Hoya (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from Pergau Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Rahmad , Rabbani Azim , Syed Hamzah Syed Mohd Edhzam , Hamzah Zulhazman , Faizal Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A total of 18 species of Hoya (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) with two variants were recorded from Pergau Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. This represents more than half of species of Hoya reported for Peninsular Malaysia. Three species; Hoya coriacea, H. coronaria and H. erythrostemma are common and widely distributed. Two species are considered rare namely H. ignorata and H. forbesii based on lowest count. Suda and Renyuk River recorded the highest species number with ten species each. Suda and Long River is the most similar with 60% species similarity. Ability to produce flower and fruits by nine species were observed here indicating a healthy population.
Preliminary Study on Tree Species Composition, Diversity and Biomass of Dipterocarpus and Hopea genera of Bukit Bakar Forest Eco Park, Machang, Kelantan
Authors: Zafriakma Nurafiqah , Masran Noor Shuhada , Ahmad Dini Dayana , Nazli Muhammad Ikram , Zakaria Radhiah , Abdul Karim Muhammad Firdaus , Amaludin Nazahatul Anis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A study on species composition, diversity and biomass of genera Dipterocarpus and Hopea at Bukit Bakar Forest Eco Park, Machang, Kelantan was conducted. A total of 5 ecological plots with measurement of 20 m x 20 m were established. All trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) less than 5.0 cm were tagged, measured and collected for specimen identifications and voucher specimen’s preparations. The floristic composition of Bukit Bakar Eco Park consists of 135 individuals represented by 1 family, 2 genera and 17 species. The most abundance species recorded was Dipterocarpus crinitus Dyer with 23 individuals were recorded. Dipterocarpus crinitus (Dipterocarpaceae) was the most important species according to Important Value index (IVi) calculated at IVi = 17.73%. Dipterocarpaceae was the most high species diversity according to Shannon Wiener Index, H’=2.02 (H’
max
=2.30) for Dipterocarpus spp. and H’=1.90 (H’
max
=1.94) for Hopea spp. and Simpson’s Index of Diversity for Dipterocarpus spp. is 0.85 and 0.86 for Hopea spp.. Whilst Hopea had a slightly higher Species Evenness Index (EH=0.98) compared to Dipterocarpus (EH=0.87). Total tree biomass estimation in the study area was at 145.18 t/ha.
Temporal Assemblage and Distribution of Ephemeroptera in Lata Janggut, Jeli, Kelantan.
Authors: Mat Nazari Nurul Natasha Izzati , Rak Aweng Eh , Syed Omar Sharifah Aisyah , Hajisamae Sukree , Ahmad Azlan , Ibrahim Mohamad Zamzani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lata Janggut is one of the popular recreational rivers with waterfall in Jeli, Kelantan. The lotic river characteristic at Lata Janggut create a suitable habitat for aquatic insect especially Ephemeroptera. Recreational activities may disturb the river ecosystem especially aquatic insects, Ephermeroptera in particular. Therefore, this study targets to determine the temporal assemblage and distribution of Ephemroptera at Lata Janggut, Jeli from March till August 2019. Ephemeroptera collection was conducted monthly from March to August 2019 using Surber net for three replicates at three stations. In total, 1260 individuals with five (5) families (Ephemerellidae, Baetidae, Heptageniidae, Neophemeridae, and Leptobiilidae) and nine (9) genera were collected and recorded. The most abundant Ephemeroptera found is Baetidae and Emphemerellidae. However, the result shows the different composition for monthly abundance for those families. Meanwhile, the distribution of those families at all station also shows a different composition. This indicates there are microhabitat exists between the stations and the physical characteristic of the river has change monthly.
Sustainable Termite Management Using Innovative and Selective Termite Baiting Method
Authors: Wan Umar Wan Ahmad Syahir , Ab Majid Abdul Hafiz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, termites play an important role as a decomposer since termite can digest cellulose. Termites can be considered as pests once they had exerted substancial economical damages, such as Coptotermes spp known to be a major termite pests. Termites will cause a serious problem when the infestation occurred in urban areas as they give negative economic effects, reducing the value aesthetic of the buildings which lead to expensive building maintenance and repair. Chemical controls are the most common method used against pests of urban forests in Malaysia. The objectives of this studies are to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment by treating one active station out of all active termite stations (selective baiting) by using chlorfluazuron termite baits. Form the result, a termite colony population can be eliminated in selective termite baiting treatment. Elimination of termite population by selective termite baiting treatment was successful with the aid of termite behavior of trophallaxis which is the sharing of the bait toxicants among the termite nest mates. This sharing of toxicant among the nest mates circulates the active ingredients throughout the colony thus eradicate the colony along the process. Regardless of how many in ground station and above ground stations, baits placement in one out of all active stations was more than enough to kill the colony as all interceptor’s station shares the same tunnelling pathways which lead to the same colony. Chlorfluazuron baits need an average 4-8.6 weeks to eliminate termite infestation at the study sites. Furthermore, this method can cut the cost on total termiticide (bait) used. Thus, time can be save the during the baiting inspections due only single station to be monitored as reduction of termite activities in one station represent the reduction of activity in other stations only if the termite are originated from the same colony
Aquatic Insect (Larvae) Distribution and Assemblages at River Intakes in Pergau Lakes
Authors: Syed Omar Sharifah Aisyah , Rak Aweng Eh , Hassan Hasimah , Yusoff Akrimah , Hajisamae Sukree , Shukor Aisah Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aquatic insect larvae is one of the biotic component in aquatic ecosystem that helps in balancing aquatic ecosystems.Therefore, a survey conducted to determine the distribution and assembalges on aquatic insect larvae in Pergau Lake River Intakes. Samples were collected using Surber Net at seven river intakes in Pergau lakes namely Sungai Long (Intakes 1 and 2), Sungai Renyuk (Intakes 1, 2 and 3), Sungai Terang, and Sungai Suda. A total of 733 individuals were collected comprising seven orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Odonata and Lepidoptera) with 43 families and 70 genus. Sungai Renyuk recorded highest abundance of aquatic insects followed by Sungai Long with 602 individuals and 110 individuals respectively. The lowest abundance of aquatic insect was at Sungai Suda which only two insecta orders found namely Diptera(Chironomidae) and Coleoptera (Elmidae). Ephemeroptera (22%), Chironomidae (38%) and Elmidae (22%) were the common family found at all station excepts Sungai Suda intakes that only found Chironomidae and Elmidae. The resutls shows how aquatic insects larvae assamblage and distribute differently at seven intakes.
Relationship Management and Fireflies Conservation in Klias and Weston, Beaufort, Sabah
Authors: binti Jeperi Siti Rozziana , Dawood Mahadimenakbar M. , Saikim Fiffy Hanisdah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fireflies from the genus Pteroptyx have drawn a lot of attention from humans due to their congregating behaviour and provided local communities with lucrative business opportunity. However, it is believed that the adjacent communities pose a threat of encroachment to the Klias and Weston – the hotspots for fireflies’ population mangrove ecosystem. Relationship Management has strategies and tactics to engage in sentiments, emotions, and then provide the best remedies. It has strategic power to connect hosts and guests as it emphasizes on “give back and take away tourism” through incorporating guest-hosts both in the process of conservation and utilization of various resources and skills available to them. Our study has tried to find out the economic importance (use value) of the fireflies and culture for the benefits of fireflies, nature, environment, and local communities of the area where they exist in the real habitat situation. The study attempts to provide solution of the critical problems and situations that have been created by human beings for a long time for the sake of feeding our ego and gaining dominancy (temporary value) in their areas because of unethical education and lack of awareness about socio-economic benefits through current ecotourism developments. The highlighted significance of Relationship Management in fireflies’ conservation and ecotourism development may help in tackling the conflicts between human and fireflies, human and human, as well as in fireflies watching activities. About 423 respondents were involved and the data was then processed with content analysis in which 84.4% of them are willing to protect the fireflies, 66.2% volunteered in firefly conservation program, while 40.7% of them are aware that both village development and firefly conservation are important and only 32.4% agree to pay for firefly conservation which is between USD0.23-USD6.92. Meanwhile, spider web analysis shows that locals are lacking knowledge of firefly’s ecology. Lastly, a blueprint for firefly conservation should be developed to help focus preservation in the places with the highest need to slow the rate of firefly habitat loss due to development.
Surveys of Bird Species in the Gunung Basor, Kelantan
Authors: Amir Aainaa , Hambali Kamarul , Bahar Adib , Abdullah Huda , Wahab Fahmi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This document reports the avian survey results in Gunung Basor, in the state of Kelantan (5°29’N, 101°50’E).The survey is part of the Pergau Expedition 2019 conducted by TNBR-UMK (Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research-Universiti Malaysia Kelantan). In this study, a total of 32 point stations at 200 meters interval were established. Point stations were approached stealthily and any birds setected had been recorded. The two-day survey 23 species of birds had been recorded. The results show the recorded birds were mostly very high altitude of species-packing (from low elevations up to 60m to 2000m), except for four species that are common residents at low elevations. Of the 23 species, eight species were noteworthy records. Two species were not previously reported in Kelantan, three species are winter visitors and two species are classified as Near Threatened according to the IUCN Red List.