bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF SHEAR CONNECTORS IN MOMENT RESISTANCE OF STEEL COMPOSITE JOINTS
Authors: Fu Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of steel stud connectors in steel composite joints with precast hollowcore slabs in resisting the static bending moment. An experimental program including 5 flexural tests was carried out, and the failure modes of the studs, as well as the shear capacity of stud connectors are investigated. Their contribution to the overall joint moment capacity were studied in depth. The pertinent design recommendation in shear stud design for enhance the moment capacity of the composite joints are also proposed. The testing results and design recommendations presented in this paper can provide basic for future design of composite joints using shear stud connectors with precast slabs
Polymorphonuclear MDSCs are enriched in the stroma and expanded in metastases of prostate cancer
Authors: Wen Jiling , Huang Gang , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , Wang Xuechun , Zhu Yini , Kaliney William , Zhang Chao , Cheng Liang , Wen Xiaofei , Lu Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells with polymorphonuclear morphology (PMN‐MDSCs) contribute to the progression and immune evasion of prostate cancer. However, the spatial distribution of tumor‐infiltrating PMN‐MDSCs in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, especially in the context of comparison between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the tumor, has not been characterized. Here, we describe a multicolor immunofluorescence staining study of 90 primary tumors, 37 lymph node metastases (all with matched primary tumors) and 35 bone metastases using archived samples. CD11b+ CD15+ cells were identified as PMN‐MDSCs and pan‐cytokeratin+ cells were identified as prostate epithelial cells. We found that, in both primary tumor and metastases, PMN‐MDSCs infiltrate much more readily in the stromal area compared with the epithelial area of the tumor regions. In comparison to the stromal area of primary tumors, the stromal area of either lymph node metastases or bone metastases was infiltrated with more PMN‐MDSCs. In primary tumors, stromal PMN‐MDSCs were associated with vascularization, segmented neutrophils, patient age and close juxtaposition to neoplastic epithelial cells. These results reveal the stroma rather than the epithelia of prostate cancer as the major hotbed for PMN‐MDSCs and support the role of PMN‐MDSCs in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
Bias and stereotyping among research and clinical professionals: Perspectives on minority recruitment for oncology clinical trials
Authors: Niranjan Soumya J. , Martin Michelle Y. , Fouad Mona N. , Vickers Selwyn M. , Wenzel Jennifer A. , Cook Elise D. , Konety Badrinath R. , Durant Raegan W. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIn recent years, extensive attention has been paid to the possibility that bias among health care professionals contributes to health disparities. In its 2003 report, the Institute of Medicine concluded that bias against racial minorities may affect communication or care offered. However, to the authors' knowledge, the role of bias within the context of recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities to cancer clinical trials has not been explored to date. Therefore, the authors assessed the experiences of clinical and research personnel related to factors influencing the recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities for cancer clinical trials.MethodsA total of 91 qualitative interviews were conducted at 5 US cancer centers among 4 stakeholder groups: 1) cancer center leaders; 2) principal investigators; 3) referring clinicians; and 4) research staff. Data analysis was conducted using a content analysis approach to generate themes from the transcribed interviews.ResultsFive prominent themes emerged: 1) recruitment interactions with potential minority participants were perceived to be challenging; 2) potential minority participants were not perceived to be ideal study candidates; 3) a combination of clinic‐level barriers and negative perceptions of minority study participants led to providers withholding clinical trial opportunities from potential minority participants; 4) when clinical trial recruitment practices were tailored to minority patients, addressing research misconceptions to build trust was a common strategy; 5) for some respondents, race was perceived as irrelevant when screening and recruiting potential minority participants for clinical trials.ConclusionsNot only did some respondents view racial and ethnic minorities as less promising participants, some respondents reported withholding trial opportunities from minorities based on these perceptions. Some providers endorsed using tailored recruitment strategies whereas others eschewed race as a factor in trial recruitment. The presence of bias and stereotyping among clinical and research professionals recruiting for cancer clinical trials should be considered when designing interventions to increase minority enrollment.
Drought avoidance of warm‐season turfgrasses affected by irrigation system, soil surfactant revolution, and plant growth regulator trinexapac‐ethyl
Authors: Serena Matteo , Schiavon Marco , Sallenave Rossana , Leinauer Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 2‐yr study was conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), the soil surfactant Revolution (modified methyl‐capped block copolymer), and the plant growth regulator PrimoMaxx (a.i. trinexapac‐ethyl [TE]), on rooting, stolons, and rhizomes, percentage green turf coverage, and turf quality of ‘Princess 77’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and ‘Sea Spray’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.). Grasses were grown on a loamy sand and irrigated with potable or saline ground water at 50% of reference evapotranspiration. Stolon and rhizome weight were not affected by water quality, Revolution, or TE, but SDI plots had greater stolon (1.000 vs. 0.627 g m−2) and rhizome biomass (0.856 vs. 0.493 g m−2) than sprinkler‐irrigated plots. Grasses in drip‐irrigated control plots showed higher root length density (RLD) at 0–10‐cm depth (15.1 vs. 8.3 cm cm−3) and 10–40‐cm depth (7.2 vs. 4.9 cm cm−3) and higher root weight density (RWD) at 0–10‐cm depth (3.5 vs. 2.2 g cm−3) than their sprinkler‐irrigated counterparts. Both RLD and RWD correlated significantly with turfgrass quality (August and September) and green turf cover (July–September). Chemical treatments in combination with irrigation from a sprinkler system resulted in thinner roots and higher RLD at all depths in 2013 when values were compared with the untreated control. Revolution, TE, and SDI all enhanced grasses’ drought avoidance and turf quality, but chemical treatments did not appear to provide additional improvements to grasses in plots irrigated with SDI.
Kernel number response to plant density in tropical, temperate, and tropical × temperate maize hybrids
Authors: Cerrudo Diego , Hernández Mariano , Tollenaar Matthijs , Vega Claudia R. C. , Echarte Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKernel set response to plant density was examined in terms of physiological processes underlying kernel set in temperate (Te), tropical (Tr), and temperate × tropical (TeTr) maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Four field experiments were performed in a subtropical environment, and treatments combined two new and popular commercial hybrids of each group of germplasm background with five plant densities (2–30 plants m−2). Determinations included plant growth rate (PGRS) and topmost ear growth rate (EGRS) during the period bracketing silking, grain yield, and its components. In all hybrids, kernel number was the main grain yield component contributing to grain yield variations across densities. When grown in a high‐yielding subtropical environment, all hybrids exhibited increased kernel number per area with increasing plant density from 5 to 11 plants m−2. There was not a clear trend among groups of germplasm background in the number of kernel set at each plant density, but distinctive physiological processes underlying kernel number per plant (KNP) were evident between Te and Tr hybrids. Across plant densities, the KNP/PGRS ratio was larger and PGRS was lower in Te than in Tr hybrids. Larger KNP/PGRS in Te than in Tr hybrids were associated with greater prolificacy al low plant density and larger EGRS. In TeTr hybrids instead, there was not a common physiological process underlying kernel set, since genotypes representing this group shared traits similar to those of Te and Tr genotypes.
Biosolids amendments improve an anthropogenically disturbed urban turfgrass system
Authors: Badzmierowski Mike J. , Evanylo Gregory K. , Ervin Erik H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRehabilitating anthropogenically disturbed soils is vital to restore soil functionality and improve plant growth. Biosolids can be used to improve such soils and increase soil organic C (OC) stocks, but repeated applications of such organic byproducts may result in excess soil P. Here, we present further data that complete the observations for a 5‐yr study (September 2013–October 2018) conducted on an anthropogenic soil tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) system. This study compared the effects of irrigation strategies (with or without irrigation during summer heat stress) and soil amendments (annual applications of biosolids products and a conventional synthetic fertilizer) for improving soil properties and tall fescue health. Biosolids amendments applied at the agronomic N rate (ANR) reduced soil bulk density at the 0‐ to 5‐cm depth by 33–53% and at the 5‐ to 10‐cm depth by 4–9% relative to synthetic fertilizer. Soil OC in the top 10 cm increased from 1.74 to 13.6 g OC kg−1 (i.e., +682%) over the 5‐yr period for the conventionally fertilized tall fescue, and larger gains were observed in the biosolids treatments. Repeated applications of biosolids amendments at the ANR increased total P concentrations; however, biosolids containing high Fe concentrations did not increase water‐soluble P compared with biosolids applied at the agronomic P rate (APR) and synthetic fertilizer after 5 yr. Biosolids amendments applied at the ANR improved tall fescue visual quality (maintained acceptable quality 86–92% of the time), clipping biomass, and leaf tissue N accumulation (P < .05).
An unknown protocol syntax analysis method based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Bai Binbin , Hei Xinhong , Zhu Lei , Ji Wenjiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, a large number of botnets and dark networks rely on command and control channels of unknown protocol formats for communication, and with the development of Internet of Things technology, this problem becomes more prominent. The syntax analysis of the unknown protocol is helpful to measure the boundary of Botnet in the environment of Internet of things, so as to protect the network security. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the current bitstream protocol data format, this article proposes an unknown protocol syntax analysis method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the protocol data are preprocessed, and then the image is transformed. Next, the converted image is input to the convolution layer for convolution. After convolution, the data are flattened. Then the flattened data are put into the fully connected neural network. Finally, the unknown protocol is analyzed and predicted. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional feature extraction combine frequent item algorithm (CFI) and other neural network deep neural networks, CNN is 15% more accurate than CFI in the analysis of unknown protocol syntax, and it can accurately analyze and identify the unknown protocol.
Dietary flavonoid myricetin inhibits invasion and migration of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR) by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Kang Hye R. , Moon Jeong Y. , Ediriweera Meran K. , Song Yeon W. , Cho Moonjae , Kasiviswanathan Dharanibalan , Cho Somi K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyricetin is a commonly found dietary flavonoid. In the present study, we investigated the effects of myricetin on migration and invasion of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR). Transcriptome analysis of A549‐IR cells identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in A549‐IR cells compared to parental A549 cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were linked with PI3K‐AKT signaling, proteoglycans, focal adhesion, and ECM–receptor interactions. A549‐IR cells demonstrated enhanced migratory potential with increased expression of vimentin, snail and slug, and reduced expression of E‐cadherin. A549‐IR cells exposed to myricetin displayed reduced migration and suppressed MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Notably, myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and altered the F‐actin/G‐actin ratio in A549‐IR cells, without modulation of EMT markers. These findings suggest that myricetin can inhibit migration of A549‐IR cells by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway.
Perspective‐shifting discourse training to improve young Japanese children's understanding of theory of mind
Authors: Tsuji Hiromi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of a mind‐reading ability, known as theory‐of‐mind (ToM), has been recognized as following a universal process, but the age at which the false‐belief task is passed has been reported to have wide inter‐group variabilities. Japanese children have been reported to acquire a false‐belief understanding at a slightly older age than their western counterparts. The present study investigated the extent to which Japanese‐children's understanding of ToM could be brought forward by using perspective‐shifting training in conversational discourses. Japanese children aged 4.5 years‐old, but not 4.0 years‐old, improved their false‐belief understanding after the training. However, this improvement was limited to their understanding of representation‐change. Although it is hard to isolate the influence of language experiences and socio‐culture aspects, training with perspective‐shifting discourses in interactive contexts was effective in enhancing the development of mind‐reading for 4.5 year old Japanese children.HighlightsThis study investigated the benefits of perspective‐shifting training in conversational discourses for Japanese‐children's theory‐of‐mind (ToM) understanding.Japanese children aged 4.5 years‐old, but not 4.0 years‐old, improved their false‐belief understanding after the training.Perspective‐shifting discourse training lowers the age at which Japanese children can understand ToM.
The role and possible mechanism of long noncoding RNA PVT1 in modulating 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Dan , Qin Zhen‐Ying , Li Jing , Shen Zi‐Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObesity is considered as a high‐risk susceptibility state for most metabolic disorders and is directly related to preadipocyte differentiation or adipogenesis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the key factors which have regulatory functions on various critical physiological and biological processes. PVT1 was identified as an oncogenic lncRNA which could promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer. However, the functions and molecular pathways related to PVT1 in adipogenesis had not been clarified yet. In the current study, the purpose was to identify the effects of lncRNA PVT1 on adipogenesis and the relevant molecular processes. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to quantify PVT1 expression. The mechanism for PVT1 to participate in 3T3‐L1 adipogenesis was identified by lentivirus‐mediated gain‐ and loss‐of‐function tests. The potential association of PVT1 with cell viability was checked by CCK‐8 assay and EdU staining. The gene expression for cytokines was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. PVT1 expression level was strongly upregulated after 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes differentiated. In mice, PVT1 was abundantly expressed in adipose tissue, and the obese mice had higher PVT1 expression in adipose tissue than that of nonobese mice. Predominantly, PVT1 was found inside the nuclei. Overexpressed PVT1 could promote 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation as proved, which was the cause for the ability to accelerate lipid accumulation, by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, and adipocyte protein 2, while knockdown of PVT1 caused opposite effects. The RNA immunoprecipitation demonstrated the binding relationship between PVT1 and STAT3 suggesting the potential role of STAT3 in 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, PVT1 could promote fatty acid synthesis but inhibit fatty acid oxidation. PVT1 was positively associated with 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation, which highlighted the potential of PVT1 as a therapeutic target for obesity treatment.
Real‐time display of laboratory testing status improves satisfaction levels in an emergency department: A pilot study
Authors: Chang Jeonghyun , Kim Sollip , Um Tae Hyun , Cho Chong Rae , Shin Dong Wun , Yoo Soo Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinicians need to know timelines of requested laboratory tests to provide effective patient management. We developed a real‐time laboratory progress checking system and measured its effectiveness using appropriate indicators in an emergency room setting.MethodsIn our original in‐house health information system display, blank spaces, which were generated for test results when tests were ordered, remained empty until the final results reported. We upgraded the laboratory reporting system to show real‐time testing information. The stages included requests for test, label printing, sampling, laboratory receipts, performance of tests, verification of results, and interpretation of results and final report by laboratory physician. To assess the usefulness of the function, we measured the emergency department healthcare workers' satisfaction and compared the number of phone calls about test status before and after implementation.ResultsAfter the system upgrade, the healthcare workers' understanding of the testing process increased significantly as follows. More clinicians could estimate the time of final test results through the real‐time testing status information (61.9% and 85.7%, P = .002), and respondents reported that the upgraded system was more convenient than the original system (41.3% and 22.2%, respectively, P = .022). The number of phone calls about the test status decreased after implementation of the upgrade; however, the difference was not statistically significant (before, 0.13% [63 calls/48 637 tests] and after, 0.09% [42/46 666]; P = .066).ConclusionsThe real‐time display of laboratory testing status increased understanding of testing process among healthcare workers in emergency room, which ultimately may increase the usefulness and efficiency of the laboratory service use.
Comparison of electrolyte and glucose levels measured by a blood gas analyzer and an automated biochemistry analyzer among hospitalized patients
Authors: Yi Huo‐Chun , Shi Wen‐Sheng , Zhang Yin‐Hui , Zhu Xiao‐Zhen , Yu Yang , Wang Xin‐Xin , Dai Zhang , Lin Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlood gas analyzers are capable of delivering results on electrolytes and metabolites within a few minutes and facilitate clinical decision‐making. However, whether the results can be used interchangeably with values measured by chemistry analyzers remains controversial.Blood gas analyzers are capable of delivering results on electrolytes and metabolites within a few minutes and facilitate clinical decision‐making. However, whether the results can be used interchangeably with values measured by chemistry analyzers remains controversial.MethodsIn total, arterial and matched venous blood samples were collected from 200 hospitalized patients. Arterial blood samples were evaluated using a RAPIDPOINT 500 to test electrolyte and glucose levels, then the samples were centrifuged and the same parameters were measured with an AU5800. Venous blood samples were processed and tested in accordance with standard operation procedures. Data were compared by using a paired t test, the agreement between the two analyzers was evaluated by using the Bland‐Altman test, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.ResultsPaired t tests showed that all parameters tested were significantly different between the two analyzers except chloride. The biases calculated indicated that blood gas analyzers tend to underestimate the parameters, and the linear regression showed a strong correlation between the two analyzers. The sensitivity, specificity and kappa values demonstrated that the diagnostic performance of blood gas analyzers is not satisfactory.ConclusionThe significant reduction in parameter estimation and diagnostic performance we observed suggested that clinicians should interpret results from blood gas analyzers more cautiously. The reference interval of blood gas analyzers should be adjusted accordingly, given that values are underestimated.
Identification, expression pattern, and immune response of Tim‐1 and Tim‐4 in embryos and adult medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Shen Hao , Nibona Emile , Xu Gongyu , Al Hafiz Md. Abdullah , Ke Xiaomei , Liang Xiaoting , Yao Qiting , Zhong Xueping , Zhou Qingchun , Zhao Haobin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractT‐cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain‐containing 1 (Tim‐1) and Tim‐4 are two members of the Tim family. In mammals, Tim‐1 and Tim‐4 are proteins mainly expressed in immune cells and are associated with immune response. In the present study, medaka Oryzias latipes' Tim‐1 (OlTim‐1) and OlTim‐4 were identified and characterized using bioinformatics analyses. With the use of reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expression profiles of OlTim‐1 and OlTim‐4 were examined in embryos and adult fish and in immune tissues following the intraperitoneal injection of stimulants. The results revealed that OlTim‐1 possesses a cytoplasmic region, a transmembrane region, a mucin domain, and an Ig‐like domain, while OlTim‐4 is composed of two Ig‐like domains and a mucin domain, but without the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region. OlTim‐1 and OlTim‐4 expressions are detectable from the gastrula stage on, indicating that they are zygotic genes. Furthermore, OlTim‐1 and OlTim‐4 are expressed ubiquitously in the adult. Administration of immune stimulants, namely lipopolysaccharides and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, significantly increased the expression levels of OlTim‐1 and OlTim‐4 in the liver and intestine within 1 day and in the head, kidney, and spleen within 3 to 4 days postinjection. These results suggest that OlTim‐1 and OlTim‐4 are possibly involved in both innate and adaptive immunities.
Three‐pole wide‐tuning‐range balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter with constant absolute bandwidth and 3 transmission zeros
Authors: Li Zhiyou , Tang Xiaohong , Yang Yang , Lu Di , Cai Zongqi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a 3‐pole wide‐tuning‐range, balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter (BAL‐FA‐BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and 3 transmission zeros (TZs). Under the differential‐mode (DM) operation, the cascaded trisection coupling topology with source‐load coupling is constructed. Thus, 3 adaptive TZs are generated for the DM responses, which improves the passband selectivity and stopband suppression. Under the common‐mode (CM) operation, the short stubs and lumped elements are added at the symmetric plane which effectively improves the CM suppression. Using the advanced matrix synthesis, a demonstrative BAL‐FA‐BPF is designed with stable CABW and controlled by single‐DC‐bias. The measured frequency tuning range of the DM passband is 2.0 to 3.0 GHz (40%) and 3 dB‐bandwidth is kept at 174 ± 3 MHz (±1.7%). The CM suppression is better than 25 dB.