bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication during childhood cancer: Systematic review of patient perspectives
Authors: Lin Beryl , Gutman Talia , Hanson Camilla S. , Ju Angela , Manera Karine , Butow Phyllis , Cohn Richard J. , Dalla‐Pozza Luciano , Greenzang Katie A. , Mack Jennifer , Wakefield Claire E. , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison 
Published: December 2019

Effective communication is challenging in childhood cancer, where decisions carry unpredictable and life‐threatening implications. We aimed to describe patients' experiences of communicating with clinicians during treatment of childhood cancer. A systematic review of qualitative studies to April 2019 was performed. Eligible studies included patients diagnosed with cancer at age ≤ 18 years and reported their perspectives of communicating with clinicians during treatment of childhood cancer. Data were extracted from primary studies for thematic synthesis. From 101 articles across 25 countries involving 1870 participants who were diagnosed with cancer between ages 3 to 18 years, we identified 6 themes: 1) rendered invisible and powerless (displaced and undermined by adult authority; betrayed and distrustful; feeling neglected; helpless and intimidated; disempowered by lack of information); 2) fear and worry for the future (paralyzed by devastating news; uncertainty, anticipation, and dread; broaching intimate and private topics); 3) burdened with responsibility (pressured and unprepared; balancing external expectations; protecting hope); 4) therapeutic patient-provider relationships (emotional support and encouragement; validated personhood and companionship); 5) safety in trust (truthfulness and transparency; prepared by awareness and understanding; reassured by reliable expertise; depending on adults for protection and difficult decisions; security in expressing opinions and needs); and 6) empowerment and assertive agency (right to individual knowledge and choice; control over own life; partnership and respect; enhancing capacity for self‐management). During treatment of childhood cancer, patients gain a sense of respect, safety, and control when they feel clinicians address their information and developmental needs. However, communication that is perceived to be parent‐centered can be disempowering. Promoting child agency and partnership may improve care and outcomes for children with cancer.
Integrated cancer networks improve compliance with national guidelines and outcomes for resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Thiels Cornelius A. , Hanson Kristine T. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Boughey Judy C. , Grotz Travis E. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend accurate clinical staging, perioperative therapy, and complete lymphadenectomy for patients with stage II to III gastric cancer. However, national compliance remains low. It was hypothesized that integrated cancer networks might improve compliance and outcomes within the community.MethodsPatients with stage II to III gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing curative‐intent resection (National Cancer Data Base, 2006‐2015) were examined. Guideline compliance was defined as any perioperative adjunctive therapy, complete lymphadenectomy, complete clinical staging, and complete compliance (all measures). Univariate comparisons and multivariable regression were used to assess factors associated with compliance, and Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to assess survival.ResultsThere were 27,210 patients identified: 7235 (26.6%) underwent surgery alone, whereas 19,975 (73.4%) received additional therapy. Half (53.1%) had complete lymphadenectomies, whereas complete clinical staging was available for 65.5%. Overall compliance with all 3 measures was 30.1%. Compliance improved by approximately 20% for each measure across the 10‐year study period. Although patients treated at academic programs were most likely to receive concordant care in an adjusted analysis, those treated at integrated care networks were more likely to receive guideline‐concordant care (odds ratio [OR], 0.69) than those treated at comprehensive community programs (OR, 0.48) or community programs (OR, 0.45; all P values <.001). The median overall survival was 45.5 months for patients who received guideline‐concordant care and 32.0 months for those who did not (P < .001, reference for all ORs: academic programs).ConclusionsCompliance with guidelines was associated with improved outcomes. Although the rate of compliance with NCCN guidelines is improving, integrated care networks may be an important way of improving the quality of gastric cancer care within the community.
PD‐L1 and thyroid cytology: A possible diagnostic and prognostic marker
Authors: Dell’Aquila Marco , Granitto Alessia , Martini Maurizio , Capodimonti Sara , Cocomazzi Alessandra , Musarra Teresa , Fiorentino Vincenzo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Fadda Guido , Pantanowitz Liron , Larocca Luigi Maria , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression is emerging as an important predictive biomarker in anti–PD‐L1 cancer immunotherapy. Its role has been clearly defined in various human cancers and is linked to a poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. The role of PD‐L1 in thyroid cancers has not been well defined in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The authors examined the performance of PD‐L1 immunostaining in liquid‐based cytology (LBC) to determine whether it could be a biomarker of malignancy or aggressive disease.MethodsFrom January 2018 to March 2019, 236 thyroid lesions, which had been diagnosed by FNAC as indeterminate lesions, suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant, were enrolled. PD‐L1 immunostaining was performed on both LBC and corresponding histology samples.ResultsThe FNAC cohort included 50 benign negative controls, 42 samples of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 33 samples of follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 53 samples that were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 58 malignant samples. AUS/FLUS samples included 3 goiters, 32 follicular adenomas (FAs), 1 noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP), 5 invasive follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (I‐FVPTCs), and 1 follicular carcinoma; whereas FN/SFN samples included 24 FAs and 9 malignancies (4 I‐FVPTCs, 1 NIFTP, 3 papillary thyroid carcinomas [PTCs], and 1 oncocytic follicular carcinoma). The 53 SFM samples were diagnosed on histopathology as 2 FAs, 5 NIFTPs, 15 I‐FVPTCs, and 31 PTCs; whereas the 58 malignant specimens included 5 NIFTPs, 5 I‐FVPTCs, and 48 PTCs. Increased plasma membrane and cytoplasmic PD‐L1 expression was found in 79 cases (38.5%), including 61 PTCs (conventional and variants). Negative PD‐L1 expression was found in NIFTPs and FAs. A BRAF V600E mutation was identified in 15% of PD‐L1–positive malignancies.ConclusionsThe current data suggest that PD‐L1 expression in the thyroid gland might represent a marker of malignancy that correlates with PTC, but not with NIFTP. Thyroid neoplasms with PD‐L1 expression also ae enriched with BRAF V600E mutations, suggesting that they are associated with more aggressive behavior.
Microstructural analysis of skeletal muscle force generation during aging
Authors: Zhang Yantao , Chen Jiun‐Shyan , He Qizhi , He Xiaolong , Basava Ramya R. , Hodgson John , Sinha Usha , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman aging results in a progressive decline in the active force generation capability of skeletal muscle. While many factors related to the changes of morphological and structural properties in muscle fibers and the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been considered as possible reasons for causing age‐related force reduction, it is still not fully understood why the decrease in force generation under eccentric contraction (lengthening) is much less than that under concentric contraction (shortening). Biomechanically, it was observed that connective tissues (endomysium) stiffen as ages, and the volume ratio of connective tissues exhibits an age‐related increase. However, limited skeletal muscle models take into account the microstructural characteristics as well as the volume fraction of tissue material. This study aims to provide a numerical investigation in which the muscle fibers and the ECM are explicitly represented to allow quantitative assessment of the age‐related force reduction mechanism. To this end, a fiber‐level honeycomb‐like microstructure is constructed and modeled by a pixel‐based Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM), which allows modeling of smooth transition in biomaterial properties across material interfaces. The numerical investigation reveals that the increased stiffness of the passive materials of muscle tissue reduces the force generation capability under concentric contraction while maintains the force generation capability under eccentric contraction. The proposed RKPM microscopic model provides effective means for the cellular‐scale numerical investigation of skeletal muscle physiology.Novelty Statement
A cellular‐scale honeycomb‐like microstructural muscle model constructed from a histological cross‐sectional image of muscle is employed to study the causal relations between age‐associated microstructural changes and age‐related force loss using Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM).
The employed RKPM offers an effective means for modeling biological materials based on pixel points in the medical images and allow modeling of smooth transition in the material properties across interfaces.
The proposed microstructure‐informed muscle model enables quantitative evaluation on how cellular‐scale compositions contribute to muscle functionality and explain differences in age‐related force changes during concentric, isometric and eccentric contractions.
Evaluation of Clinical Cardiac Safety of Itacitinib, a JAK1 Inhibitor, in Healthy Participants
Authors: Gong Xiaohua , Darpo Borje , Xue Hongqi , Punwani Naresh , He Kevin , Barbour April M. , Epstein Noam , Landman Robert , Chen Xuejun , Yeleswaram Swamy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractItacitinib is a JAK1‐selective inhibitor in phase 3 development in graft‐versus‐host disease. A post hoc electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and a plasma concentration‐QTc (C‐QTc) analysis were performed to assess cardiac safety using data from the first‐in‐human itacitinib study. The study included 2 cohorts of 12 healthy participants each in an interleaving dosing design with single doses of 10‐300 mg or placebo; 500 and 1000 mg doses were subsequently added with 12 participants randomized to itacitinib or placebo. Continuous Holter recordings were collected from 1 hour predose to 8 hours postdose on each dosing day, and ECG intervals were blindly extracted to match timed pharmacokinetic samples. Data showed no hysteresis, and a prespecified linear mixed‐effects C‐QTc model was used with change‐from‐baseline QTcF (QT interval corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's method) as the dependent variable, plasma itacitinib concentrations and centered baseline QTcF as continuous covariates, treatment and time as categorical factors, and a random intercept per participant. The estimated slope of the C‐QTc relationship was not significantly different from zero: 0.0002 milliseconds per nM (90%CI, ‐0.00019 to 0.00054 milliseconds). No clinically meaningful effects on cardiac conduction (PR and QRS intervals) or any categorical PR or QRS outliers were observed. A QTc effect exceeding the threshold of concern (10 milliseconds) can be excluded for itacitinib plasma concentrations up to ∼13 000 nM (∼7200 ng/mL), which is well above the maximum concentration expected with the highest proposed therapeutic dose of itacitinib either with concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors or in patients with impaired hepatic function.
Performance enhancement for iterative data computing with in‐memory concurrent processing
Authors: Wen Yean‐Fu , Chen Yu‐Fang , Chiu Tse Kai , Chen Yen‐Chou 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe big data era has resulted in the development of several data analysis tools. Spark is a type of in‐memory processing fitted iteration and interactive data mining tool. This tool possesses higher data‐processing performance than MapReduce, which is an offline storage mechanism. However, some disadvantages of in‐memory processing, such as massive in‐memory data requirements, cause cross‐node data transfer that result in a long computation time. The performance of the process can be improved if the in‐memory process is executed with fewer shuffle instructions. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the performance of iterative application through instruction replacement. Three empirical research cases with diverse datasets and iterations are used to modify the program. We adopt a strategy of downloading a small resilient distributed dataset and replacing the shuffle‐included instructions to shorten the processing time with an automated code replacement by using exhaustively code matching. The experimental results reveal an improvement of up to 39% in the execution time compared with the existing in‐memory processing programs with various dataset sizes.
Novel Photoactive Spirooxazine Based Switch@MOF Composite Materials
Authors: Schwartz Heidi A. , Werker Melanie , Tobeck Christian , Christoffels Ronja , Schaniel Dominik , Olthof Selina , Meerholz Klaus , Kopacka Holger , Huppertz Hubert , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecules, which reversibly transform between two structural configurations upon excitation with electromagnetic radiation, are attractive candidates for the design of smart materials e. g. memory devices. A possible approach for the development of such smart materials is the construction of hybrid systems that contain these photochromic molecules as well as a porous host matrix, which enables their switching process in the solid state. We herein present the first light‐responsive materials consisting of the photoswitchable spirooxazine 1,3,3‐trimethyl indolinonaphthospirooxazine (SP−O) and crystalline porous MOF (metal–organic framework) hosts, namely MOF‐5, MIL‐68(In), MIL‐68(Ga), and MIL‐53(Al), which were combined to form hybrid SP−O@MOF composites. These systems show a reversible photochromic response and host‐dependent absorption maxima of the incorporated guest molecules. Most remarkably, SP−O is extremely photostable upon repetitive and prolonged UV light exposure especially inside MOF‐5, making these composite materials attractive candidates for potential applications in data storage devices.
Surgery for the diabetic foot: A key component of care
Authors: Frykberg Robert G. , Wukich Dane K. , Kavarthapu Venu , Zgonis Thomas , Dalla Paola Luca ,   Board of the Association of Diabetic Foot Surgeons
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurgery for acute and chronic diabetic foot problems has long been an integral component of care. While partial foot amputations remain as important diabetic limb‐salvaging operations, foot‐sparing reconstructive procedures have become equally important strategies to preserve the functional anatomy of the foot while addressing infection, chronic deformities, and ulcerations. A classification of types of diabetic foot surgery is discussed in accordance with the soft tissue status and acuity of the presenting foot problem. This brief overview from the Association for Diabetic Foot Surgeons describes common conditions best treated by surgical interventions, as well as specific indications. While techniques and indications continue to evolve, effective surgical management of the diabetic foot remains an integral component of care as well as for the prevention of recurrent ulceration.
Shipping alters the movement and behavior of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), a keystone fish in Arctic marine ecosystems
Authors: Ivanova Silviya V. , Kessel Steven T. , Espinoza Mario , McLean Montana F. , O'Neill Caitlin , Landry Justin , Hussey Nigel E. , Williams Rob , Vagle Svein , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic noise associated with shipping has emerged as a major disruptor of aquatic animal behavior worldwide. The Arctic marine realm has historically experienced little noise‐generating human activity; however, the continual loss of sea ice has facilitated a dramatic increase in shipping activity. Here, we use a combination of acoustic telemetry and modeling of ship noise to examine the temporospatial habitat use of key Arctic forage fish, Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the presence and absence of vessels in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada. The presence and movement of vessels induced a horizontal shift in the home ranges of Arctic cod with low core overlap when compared to periods without vessel activity. Home range displacement occurred near the vessel. Individuals also altered their swimming behaviors in response to vessel presence with searching decreasing and travelling increasing in proportion. Results indicate that Arctic cod perceive vessel noise and presence as a threat and react by moving away and decreasing exploratory activities. These changes in fish behavior also coincide with the critical open water feeding period suggesting an interruption in exploitation of important and seasonally abundant food resources, and carry broader implications for dependent seabirds and marine mammals, and indirectly for all Arctic indigenous peoples’ subsistence and long‐term cultural traditions. Our study implies that strategic management is required for aquatic acoustic disturbance as an environmental stressor in the Arctic marine ecosystem, and highlights ecologically and socially important impacts that require timely conservation action.
Dialectical behavior therapy self‐help for binge‐eating disorder: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Carter Jacqueline C. , Kenny Therese E. , Singleton Christopher , Van Wijk Megan , Heath Olga 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy guided self‐help (DBT‐GSH) and DBT unguided self‐help (DBT‐USH) with an unguided self‐help control condition in the treatment of binge‐eating disorder (BED).MethodSeventy‐one participants who met diagnostic criteria for BED based on Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview were randomly assigned to DBT‐GSH, DBT‐USH or active control USH for 12 weeks. Assessments took place at baseline, 12 weeks and 3‐month follow‐up. Outcome measures included the EDE to assess binge frequency, the EDE‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Short Form 6D.ResultsThe overall completion rate was 65% at post‐treatment and 63% at 3‐month follow‐up. Intention to treat analyses showed that participants in all three conditions reported significant reductions in binge frequency with large effect sizes. A similar pattern emerged for secondary outcome variables including eating disorder psychopathology, general psychological distress, and health‐related quality of life.DiscussionSelf‐help may be an effective way to disseminate DBT for BED. However, future research should evaluate DBT self‐help using a larger sample size, possibly in a multisite design.
The fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, follows Bergmann's rule
Authors: Johnson David Samuel , Crowley Cynthia , Longmire Katherine , Nelson James , Williams Bethany , Wittyngham Serina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBergmann's rule predicts that organisms at higher latitudes are larger than ones at lower latitudes. Here, we examine the body size pattern of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax (formerly Uca pugnax), from salt marshes on the east coast of the United States across 12 degrees of latitude. We found that M. pugnax followed Bergmann's rule and that, on average, crab carapace width increased by 0.5 mm per degree of latitude. Minuca pugnax body size also followed the temperature–size rule with body size inversely related to mean water temperature. Because an organism's size influences its impact on an ecosystem, and M. pugnax is an ecosystem engineer that affects marsh functioning, the larger crabs at higher latitudes may have greater per‐capita impacts on salt marshes than the smaller crabs at lower latitudes.
Trait‐based diatom functional diversity as an appropriate tool for understanding the effects of environmental changes in soda pans
Authors: Stenger‐Kovács Csilla , Lengyel Edina , Buczkó Krisztina , Padisák Judit , Korponai János 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSaline lakes, among the most seriously endangered ecosystems, are threatened due to climate change and human activities. One valuable feature of these environments is that they constitute areas of high biodiversity. Ecologists are, therefore, under great pressure to improve their understanding of the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the biodiversity of saline lakes. In this study, a total of 257 samples from 32 soda pans in Central Europe between 2006 and 2015 were examined. The effects of environmental variables and of geographical and limnoecological factors on functional diversity were analyzed. Furthermore, the explanatory power of the trait‐based approach was assessed, and the applicability of the indices for biomonitoring purposes was determined. It was found that low habitat heterogeneity and harsh environments lead to the selection of a small number of suitable traits, and consequently, to a naturally low level of functional diversity. Anthropogenic activities enhance diversity at functional level due to the shift toward freshwater characteristics. On the regional scale, the effects of the region and status (natural, degraded, reconstructed) on diatom functional diversity were significant and more pronounced than that of the environmental and other limnoecological factors. The degree of variance found in functional diversity ascribed to environmental variables is five times greater in the case of the application of a trait‐based approach, than when a taxonomic one is employed in the literature. Each of the tested functional diversity indices was sensitive to the most important environmental variables. Furthermore, these were type‐specific and proved to be more complex indicators than taxonomic metrics. It is possible to suggest four functional diversity indices (FGR, FRic, FDis, and FDiv) which emphasize their independence from substrate and seasonal variations for ecological status assessment and conservation planning.