bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of age group classification for risk stratification in glioma patients
Authors: Lin Zhiying , Yang Runwei , Liu Yawei , Li Kaishu , Yi Guozhong , Li Zhiyong , Guo Jinglin , Zhang Zhou , Peng Junxiang , Qi Songtao , Huang Guanglong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Age is associated with the prognosis of glioma patients, but there is no uniform standard of age-group classification to evaluate the prognosis of glioma patients. In this study, we aimed to establish an age group classification for risk stratification in glioma patients. Methods: A total of 1502 patients diagnosed with gliomas at Nanfang Hospital between 2000 and 2018 were enrolled. The WHO grade of glioma was used as a dependent variable to evaluate the effect of age on risk stratification. The evaluation model was established by logistic regression, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the model was used to determine the optimal cutoff points for age-classification. The differences in gender, WHO grade, pathological subtype, tumor cell differentiation direction, tumor size, tumor location, and molecular markers between different age groups were analyzed. The molecular markers included GFAP, EMA, MGMT, p53, NeuN, Oligo2, EGFR, VEGF, IDH1, Ki-67, 1p/19q, PR, CD3, H3K27M, and TS. Results: The proportion of men with glioma was higher than that of women with glioma (58.3% vs 41.7%). Analysis of age showed that appropriate classifications of age group were 0-14 years old (pediatric group), 15-47 years old (youth group), 48-63 years old (middle-aged group), and ≥64 years old (elderly group).The proportions of glioblastoma and large tumor size (4-6 cm) increased with age (p = 0.000, p = 0.018, respectively ). Analysis of the pathological molecular markers across the four age groups showed that the proportion of patients with larger than 10% area of Ki-67 expression or positive PR expression increased with age (p = 0.000, p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Age was effective evaluating the risk of glioblastoma in glioma patients. Appropriate classifications of age group for risk stratification were 0-14 years old (pediatric group), 15-47 years old (young group), 48-63 years old (middle age group) and ≥ 64 years old (elderly group). There was significant heterogeneity in WHO grade, tumor size, tumor location and some molecular markers among the four age groups.
Analysis of the early therapeutic effects and healing outcomes of segmental bone defects in the ankle joint treated with the induced membrane/wrapped bone grafting technique
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Wang Maopeng , Lin Xingshi , Tu Feng , Zhao Dongfeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe current research explores the early therapeutic efficacy and healing outcomes of segmental bone defects in the ankle joint treated with induced membrane technique. MethodsA segmental bone defect model of ankle joint was first constructed by removing 2mm bone from the ankle joint of the rat, and then the induced membrane treatment was performed in two steps: the first step was to implant polymethyl methacrylate bone cement after thorough debridement, followed by the second step to remove bone cement after membrane formation and to replace with the rat’s autologous cancellous bone. The physiological indicators (body temperature and body weight) of the rats and the TNF-α and CRP in the blood were monitored post-surgery, and the efficacy was analyzed based on the above combining Micro-CT and X-ray analysis. Postoperative histological analysis of the tissue morphology of partial induced membrane was performed in rats at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks to evaluate the tissue status at the sites of bone defect. ResultsResults showed that the rats survived well after operation: the body temperature slowly decreased, and the CRP was also gradually reduced to normal; the 12-week Micro-CT and palpation indicated a satisfying bone healing trend; histological studies found calcified tissue in the second week post-operation, and vascular network was established in the induced sites at 8 weeks.ConclusionThe study proves that the induced membrane technique can effectively treat segmental bone defects of ankle joint, and is less prone to infection.
Dynamic Changes of Chest CT Follow-up In Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Relationship To Clinical Typing
Authors: Liu Nian , He Guanghong , Yang Xiongxiong , Chen Jianxin , Wu Jie , Ma Min , Lu Wenying , Li Qiang , Cheng Tao , Huang Xiaohua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the CT changes of different clinical types of COVID-19 pneumonia.MethodsThis retrospective study included 50 confirmed patients with COVID-19 from 16 January 2020 to 25 February 2020. We analyzed the clinical and CT characteristics of the patients between the moderate group and the severe and critical group, and the dynamic changes of severity with the CT follow-up time.ResultsThere were no differences in the occurrence rate of CT characteristics between the moderate group (n=34) and the severe and critical group (n=16) in the initial CT (all p >0.05). There were differences in the CT score of right lung and total CT score at the initial CT between the two groups (all p <0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between total CT score and CT follow-up time in the severe and critical group (r2=0.137, p=0.008), the total CT severity score peaked at the second follow-up CT. There was no correlation between total CT score and CT follow-up time in the moderate group (p >0.05). The total CT score of the severe and critical group was different between the initial and first follow-up, the second and third follow-ups, the third and fourth follow-ups, and the fourth and fifth follow-ups CT (all p<0.05). The total CT score of the moderate group was different between the second and third follow-ups CT (p<0.05).ConclusionsCOVID-19 pneumonia with the severe and critical types progressed rapidly with the greatest severity at the second follow-up CT, and the moderate type was relatively stable.
Plantar pressure sensors indicate females to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and inside of the foot compared to males
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Hoshino Yuichi , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Nukuto Koji , Yamashita Takahiro , Ibaraki Kazuyuki , Nagai Kanto , Nagamune Kouki , Araki Daisuke , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Gender-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of gender difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 females and 50 males) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Results were compared between genders by converting body weight to 50 kg.Results: The movement of COP was constant for both genders. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the inside of the foot. Females had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and inside of the foot compared to males while standing and walking (P < .01).Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy females as compared to males during standing and walking activities.
Modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 in Italy
Authors: Giuliani Diego , Dickson Maria Michela , Espa Giuseppe , Santi Flavio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been firstly detected in China at the end of 2019 and it spread in few months all over the world. Italy is the second country in the World for number of cases, and the diffusion of COVID-19 has followed a peculiar spatial pattern. However, the interest of scientific community has been devoted almost exclusively to the prediction of the disease evolution over time so far. Methods: Official freely available data about the number of infected at the finest possible level of spatial areal aggregation (Italian provinces) are used to model the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 infections at local level. An endemic-epidemic time-series mixed-effects generalized linear model for areal disease counts has been implemented to understand and predict spatio-temporal diffusion of the phenomenon. Results: Three subcomponents characterize the fitted model. The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. At the local level, the provinces first concerned by containment measures are those that are not affected by the effects of spatial neighbours. On the other hand, the component accounting for the spatial interaction with surrounding areas is prevalent for provinces that are strongly involved by contagions. Moreover, the proposed model provides good forecasts of the number of infections at local level while controlling for delayed reporting. Conclusions: A strong evidence is found that strict control measures implemented in some provinces efficiently break contagions and limit the spread to nearby areas. While containment policies may potentially be more effective if planned considering the peculiarities of local territories, the effective and homogeneous enforcement of control measures at national level is needed to prevent the disease control being delayed or missed as a whole. This may also apply at international level where, as it is for the EU or the USA, the internal border checks among states have largely been abolished.
Dynamic changes in clinical and CT characteristics of COVID-19 cases with different exposure histories: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Ruili , Liu Guangxue , Huang Xiaojie , Jia Cuiyu , Xia Zhenying , Song Wenyan , Li Xueqin , Wang Xing , Li Hongjun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the dynamic changes in clinical and CT characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different epidemiology histories.Methods: Fifty-three discharged COVID-19 patients were enrolled at Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from Jan 21 to Mar 10, 2020. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between CT scores and laboratory indicators. Patients were divided into Wuhan (lived in/or traveled to Wuhan, 30 cases) and nonWuhan group (close contacts or unknown exposure, 23 cases). The CT and laboratory findings were compared between and within groups during the clinical process.Results: Fever (88.7%), cough (64.2%), fatigue (34%), and abnormal laboratory indicators, including lymphopenia, reduced albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), were mainly observed. Subpleural ground-glass opacities (86.8%) were usually detected at admission. The CT scores were highly correlated with lymphocytes, CRP, albumin, and A/G at initial and follow-ups (all p<0.05). Four days after admission, most patients (66.7% Wuhan, 47.8% nonWuhan) showed progression, and the CT scores of Wuhan significantly increased (p=0.015). Eight days after admission, the vast majority of patients (69.2% Wuhan, 100% nonWuhan, p=0.006) presented improvement, and the CT scores of nonWuhan were significantly lower than Wuhan (p=0.006). Pneumonia was completely absorbed in most patients 2-4 weeks after discharge.Conclusions: CT plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and monitoring changes in COVID-19. Lymphocytes, CRP, albumin, and A/G are expected to predict disease severity and prognosis. Viral pathogenicity in non-endemic areas may be weaker than core-infected areas. Lung lesions can disappear around 4 weeks after discharge in most patients.
Pre- and Post-operative Differences Between Genders in Idiopathic Macular Holes
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Yanping , Liang Xida , Wang Zengyi , Qi Biying , Liu Wu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare idiopathic macular holes (IMHs) between male and female before and after surgery.Methods: Patients with IMHs of stage 3 and stage 4 who underwent 23-guage vitrectomy were retrospectively enrolled. Pre-operative clinical features like age of onset, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were reviewed. Optical coherence tomography parameters including minimum linear diameter (MLD), central macular thickness and some other indexes were measured and calculated. Main surgical outcomes included the primary closure rate, the highest BCVA during follow-up, and the recovery duration. All the metrics mentioned above were compared between genders with appropriated statistical methods. Results: A total of 298 eyes from 280 patients (male: 51; female: 229) were enrolled. Compared with men, women demonstrated a significantly higher ratio of stage3/stage4 (P=0.045), larger horizontal MLD (P=0.009), but similar surgical outcomes except for a relatively longer recovery duration (P=0.024). For stage 3 IMHs, women exhibited significantly younger age of onset (P=0.023), larger MLD (P=0.003), and smaller height of the hole (P=0.029). However, for stage 4 IMHs, all the pre- and post-operative metrics showed no differences between genders.Conclusions: Female IMHs seem to demonstrate an earlier age of onset and larger size of hole, especially in IMHs of stage 3. However, these differences, which may owe to normal gender-related variations, have limited influence on the surgical outcomes.
Comparison of Ultrasound Cycloplasty and Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation for Refractory Glaucoma in Chinese Population
Authors: Yu Qiuli , Liang Ya , Ji Fangfang , Yuan Zhilan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) in the treatment of refractory glaucoma in Chinese population. Methods: We retrospective compared twenty-eight eligible patients with refractory glaucoma, who were divided into the UCP group and TSCP group. Patients in this two groups underwent a corresponding procedure during June 2018 to February 2019. The intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, use of anti-glaucoma agents and complications were reviewed and compared between the two groups. Results: After the 12-months follow-up, postoperative IOP and number of anti-glaucoma agents, which were used postoperatively in the two groups were both lower than the baseline level, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in IOP, number of anti-glaucoma agents and the best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups at each follow-up time point (P＞0.05). In terms of complications, the pain at 1d after surgery in the UCP group was significantly milder than that in the TSCP group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in other complications between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: Both UCP and TSCP are safe and effective methods for the treatment of refractory glaucoma. Nevertheless, pain is less severe after UCP.
Burden of moderate to severe anaemia and severe stunting in children ≤ 3 years in conflict hit Mount Cameroon: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Sumbele Irene Ule 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Armed conflict is a significant social determinant of child health with nuanced effects. There is a dearth of knowledge on the public health issues facing vulnerable populations in conflict-stricken areas. The objective was to determine the prevalence and determinants of moderate to severe anaemia (MdSA) and severe stunting (SS) in children ≤3 years in conflict hit Dibanda, Ekona and Muea in the Mount Cameroon area.Methods: Haematological parameters were obtained using an automated haematology analyser while, undernutrition indices standard deviation (SD) scores (Z scores) were computed based on the WHO growth reference curves for 649 children in a community based cross-sectional study in 2018. Binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the determinants of MdSA and SS against a set of predictor variables.Results: Anaemia was prevalent in 84.0% (545) of the children with a majority having microcytic anaemia (59.3%). The prevalence of MdSA was 56.1% (364). Educational level of parents/caregiver (P < 0.001) and site (P = 0.043) had a significant negative effect on the occurrence of MdSA. Stunting, underweight and wasting occurred in 31.3%, 13.1% and 6.3% of the children respectively. Overall, SS was prevalent in 17.1% (111) of the children. The age group (0.1–1.0 year, P = 0.042 and 1.1–2.0 years, P = 0.008), educational level (No formal education, P < 0.001 and primary education P = 0.028) and SS (P = 0.035) were significant determinants of MdSA while MdSA (P = 0.035) was the only significant determinant of SS. On the contrary, age group 0.1-1 year (OR = 0.56, P = 0.043) and site (Dibanda, OR = 0.29, P = 0.001) demonstrated a significant protective effect against SS.Conclusions: Moderate to severe anaemia, severe stunting and wasting especially in children not breastfed at all are public health challenges in the conflict hit area. There is a need for targeted intervention to control anaemia as well as increase awareness of exclusive breast feeding in conflict hit areas to limit the burden of wasting and stunting.
Two-hour surgical access in South Africa: a useful indicator in a middle- income country?
Authors: Chu Kathryn , Dell Angela J , Moultrie Harry , Day Candy , Naidoo Megan , Straten Stephanie van , Rayne Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background In a robust health care system, at least 80% of a country’s population should be able to access a district hospital that provides surgical care within two hours. The objective was to identify the proportion of the population living within two hours of a district hospital with surgical capacity in South Africa. Methods All government hospitals in the country were identified. Surgical district hospitals were defined as district hospitals with a surgical provider, a functional operating theatre, and the provision of at least one caesarean section annually. The proportion of the population within two-hour access was estimated using service area methods. Results One hundred and thirty-eight of 240 (58%) district hospitals had surgical capacity and 86% of the population had two-hour access to these facilities. Ninety-eight percent of the population had two-hour access to any government hospital in South Africa. Conclusion Improving equitable surgical access is urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa. This study demonstrated that in South Africa, just over half of district hospitals had surgical capacity but more than 80% of the population had two-hour access to these facilities. Strengthening district hospital surgical capacity is an international mandate and needed to improve access.
Widened difference of incidence and survival between different races in epithelial ovarian cancer: a period analysis.
Authors: Li Li , Han Lili , Husaiyin Sulaiya , Maimaiti Miherinisha , Niyazi Mayinuer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction To describe the incidence and relative survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in a population-based cohort in the four decades after diagnosis. EOC is the major pathological type of all ovarian cancers, however, there is limited information on changes of long-term survival in EOC in the four decades. Methods We extracted the incidence and relative survival data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries to assess epidemiological changes of patients with EOC from 1974 to 2013. The survival disparities of patients with EOC among four decades, age, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) were performed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results The overall incidence of EOC gradually declined from 11.4 to 9.0 per 100,000 in the past four decades. The median survival increased from 27 months in the first decades to 48 months in the fourth decade, with 5-year relative survival rate (RSR) improving from 32.3% to 44.3% in the same period. However, the median survival differences increased from 11 months to 18 months between Whites and Blacks and increased from 7 months to 12 months between low-poverty group and high-poverty group respectively over the past four decades. Discussion This study indicated that the incidence and RSR of EOC patients had improved in the past four decades. But the survival gap between different races and SES gradually widened. More importantly, this study will promote the improvement of health care system and clinical management to erase the survival differences in SES groups and races identified in this study, thereby optimize the clinical outcome.
Impaired autophagy triggered by HDAC9 in mesenchymal stem cells accelerates bone mass loss
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Qi Meng , Chen Ji , Zhao Jiangdong , Li Liya , Hu Jiachen , Jin Yan , Liu Wenjia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Bone mass loss in aging is linked with imbalanced lineage differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Recent studies have proved that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are regarded as key regulators of bone remodeling. However, HDACs involve in regulating BMMSCs bio-behaviors remain elusive. Here, we investigated ability of HDAC9 on modulation of autophagy and its significance in lineage differentiation of BMMSCs. Methods: The effects of HDAC9 on lineage differentiation of BMMSCs and autophagic signalling were assessed by various biochemical (Western blot and ChIP assay), morphological (TEM and confocal microscopy) and microCT assays. Results：16-month mice manifested obvious bone mass loss and marrow fat increase, accompanied with the decreased osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Further, the expression of HDAC9 elevated in bone and BMMSCs. Importantly, HDAC9 inhibitors recovered the lineage differentiation of 16-month BMMSCs and reduced p53 expression. Mechanistically, we revealed that HDAC9 regulated the autophagy of BMMSCs by controlling H3K9 acetylation in the promoters of the autophagic genes, ATG7 , BECN1 , and LC3a/b, which subsequently affected their lineage differentiation. Finally, HDAC9 inhibition improved endogenous BMMSCs properties and promoted the bone mass recovery of 16-month mice. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that HDAC9 is a key regulator in variety of bone mass by regulating autophagic activity in BMMSCs and is thus, a potential target of age-related bone loss treatment.