bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of a newly modified numerical global springback compensation method
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Xiong Wei , Li Chuan , Lv Yong , Song Xiaohui , Xia Yushan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A newly modified numerical global springback compensation methodwas used to simulate the die process in this paper. The numerical approach is given to evaluate the compensation matrix, and the matrix changes according to forming deviations. And GCremedies quasi Newton (QN) method’s sensitivity to initial die contour. To verify its effectiveness, GC, DA and QN have been used to design dies for a series sheet metal parts with cylinder, sphere and saddle shapes. Summarizing simulation and experiment results, the method in general converges faster and more stable.
DFT Study on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on CoP(110) Surface
Authors: Cheng Chen , Peng Xingyu , Li Pingbo , Ye Peng , Qi Xueqiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through water splitting depends on the development of efficient non-noble catalysts, among which the cobalt phosphide has been considered as one of the promising catalyst. Herein, the Gibbs free energy towards HER on CoP(110) surface was studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculation. It can be found that the crystal parameters calculated with both GGA-PBE and GGA-PW91 functionals consist well with the experimental result. The CoP(110) may possess good HER activity since it has good conductivity and appropriate Gibbs free energy (∆GH) for hydrogen adsorption.
Quantitative Evaluation Method of Contract Execution Deviation Risk in Power Spot Market
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wu Yujian , Liu Jian , Li Pengfei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the power spot market, the price risk is the biggest among the power purchase schemes under multiple time scales. Equipment failure, scheduling affairs, external policy adjustment and market fluctuation may cause the deviation of contract execution. This paper analyzes the uncertain risk degree of random variables by identifying risk factors. The probability density of the random variable is analyzed, and the conditional risk-value function of the random variable is established. Finally, based on monte carlo stochastic simulation, risk indicators are used to quantitatively evaluate the risk of power purchase and sale.
Study on Microwave Method for Jet Fuel’s Silver Corrosion Test
Authors: Tong Liping , Ma Jun , Fei Yiwei , Wu Kun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the mechanism of microwave-catalyzed jet fuel’s silver strip corrosion reaction is analyzed from the perspective of microwave chemistry principle, and the influence of microwave conditions on silver strip corrosion reaction is discussed from the aspects of test time, microwave power, load, etc. The optimal reaction conditions for silver strip corrosion are obtained through orthogonal analysis.
Solvent swelling behaviour of Shenmu-Fugu and Shengli coals
Authors: Wei Yan-Bin , Wei Xian-Yong , Sun Ting-Ting , Zong Zhi-Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSwelling behaviors of Shenmu-Fugu bituminous coal (SFBC) and Shengli lignite (SLL) in various organic solvents were investigated at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 55 °C. The results show that tetrahydrofuran (THF) has a relatively higher swelling ratio in comparison to other solvents, suggesting that THF likely disrupts coal-coal cross-links between macromolecular network structures in coal. SLL swelled more highly than SFBC in methanol (MA), indicating that MA interacts strongly with specific sites on SLL. Swelling ratios of SFBC in carbon disulfide (CDS), recycle liquefaction solvent (RLS) and initial liquefaction solvent (ILS) are appreciably higher than those of SLL. Coal swelling increases with raising temperature within the temperature range studied (0-55 °C), especially in polar solvent.
Study on adsorption performance of pine needle biochar on rhodamine B
Authors: Li Wenbing , chen Tie , Zhang Zheng , Du Changjun , Wang Guanghua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biochar is regarded as a kind of high-efficiency, environmentally friendly and economical new adsorbent because of its low preparation cost, large specific surface area, developed pore structure and rich surface functional groups. It has broad application prospects in the field of sewage treatment. Using pine massoniana as raw material, the pine needle charcoal was obtained by pyrolysis at 300 °C, and the material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dyeing wastewater was simulated with rhodamine B to study the pine needle. The adsorption performance of biochar showed that the adsorption kinetics of rhodamine B and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation were higher, indicating that the adsorption rate was controlled by liquid membrane diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The liquid membrane diffusion was main control step.
Preparation of composite catalyst and its catalytic cracking properties of coal tar
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Ju Xiaoqian , Ma Zhuanzhuan , Zhao Jingjing , Meng Zhuoyue , Chen Zhiping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
China is rich in coal resources. Coal tar produced by coal combustion is a large amount of surplus. Naphtha and diesel oil with similar properties to kerosene and diesel oil can be produced by catalytic cracking of coal tar oil. In this article, metal-loaded UiO-66 and Y-type zeolite were synthesized by solution thermal method and microwave assisted method. And a high temperature resistant active component catalyst UiO-66-Y was prepared by compounding the two. According to the GC-MS characterization of the original coal tar and the products after cracking with UiO-66-Y, the results show that part of the aromatic compounds in the coal tar added with catalyst will be decomposed and a large number of light component esters will be synthesized at the same time. It provides a possible way to solve the current energy dilemma.
Detailed description of the mathematical modeling of the catalytic naphtha reforming process dynamics
Authors: Yi Xiaoyang , Zhang Peng , Hu Changlu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work is dedicated to the construction of a kinetic model for the naphtha reforming process. By assembling the components into reactivity based lumps, a new reaction network model rooted on 33 lumps and 101 reactions was studied. The tabu search algorithm was used to determine the global optimal solution. The experimental data from the laboratory scale isothermal reactor was used to investigate the kinetics. By comparing with the test data, the average deviation of the reformed products calculated from the proposed model reached 2.5%.
Investigation of all solid state end-pumped Nd:YAG Q-switched laser
Authors: Juan Liu , Yang Zhang , San-Zhao Wang , Yu Shi , Cai-li Wang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
High energy 1064 nm Q-switched laser output is obtained by LD array end pumping Nd:YAG. For different divergence angles of fast axis and slow axis of LD array, cylindrical lens and spherical lens are used for beam shaping of LD array. The laser properties of high energy 1064 nm Q-switched laser with pump energy is investigated with different Nd3+ ion doping concentration and different LD temperature. The results indicate that the extremely high gain formed at the end of the laser is easy to generate self-excited oscillation with the increasing of Nd3+ ion doping concentration and the increasing of LD temperature, which eventually results in the saturation of Q-switched laser pulse energy and makes it difficult to improve further. In view of saturation phenomenon of Q-switched laser output, Nd3+ ion doping concentration and LD temperature adjustment is proposed to reduce the absorption rate of laser medium to the pump light, which provides an effective technical means for obtaining high energy end pumped Q-switched pulsed laser. A 77.8mJ and 10 ns 1064 nm laser is generated with the LD temperature of 20 °C and the Nd3+ ion doping concentration of 0.8%, and the corresponding optical conversion efficiency is 13.9%.
Study on Optical Properties and Waveguide Structure Optimization of Semiconductor Lasers with InGaAs Quantum Well
Authors: Gu Lei , Li Lin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
InGaAs quantum wells (QWs) are grown on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemieal vapor deposition (MOCVD). Sample grown on substrates (100) oriented 2° off towards <111> exhibits relatively high photoluminescence (PL) intensity and narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). Increasing growth rate leads to the enhancement of PL intensity and decrease of FWHM. Asymmetric waveguide layers are applied to reduce the confinement factor of base mode and increase the loss of higher-order mode.
Propelling torque of the self-adjusting vertical-axis rotor
Authors: Augustyn M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an innovative solution of the self-adjusting system of the wind turbine with horizontal axis, consisting of two-blade, carousel rotor with vertical axis and two-position self-adjusting mechanism. The procedure of computing power and propeller torque of rotor with self-adjusting system as a function of the angle of wind attack, the design and principles of operation of the adjusting turbine were presented. And also the proposal to use it as a self-adjusting system on the wind direction and at the same time as a protection of the main rotor HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) against excessive speed in strong winds. The proposed system can replace the most common solution like the directional rudder or the auxiliary wind motor, which generally requires the generator rotor brake.
Identification of impregnated activated carbon used as adsorbent in protective equipment for chemical warfare agent
Authors: Won-In K , Chaiprapa J , Chirawatkul P , Dararutana P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is known that X-rays spectroscopy has been developed to apply to many advantages. In this work, Scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron radiation facilities, such as micro-beam X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (µ-XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have been carried out to study on impregnated activated carbon samples that have been used as a chemical warfare agent adsorbent in military protective equipment. The elemental composition and distribution of sample surface have been analyzed. Their microstructures were highly porous. The results showed a detection of many kinds of metals, especially chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) with different from elemental distribution. It was also detected Cr(VI) which was a carcinogen in some samples. It is proposed that these methods can be used as fingerprint to identify various types of adsorbent.
New Application Area for Nitride Based Ceramics as Optical Materials
Authors: Kurama S , Avcioglu S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study is focused on the production of translucent nitride based ceramics changing different parameters such as additive, starting powder size and sintering conditions. Therefore, two different processes were followed in this research. In first one translucent SiAlON ceramics were improved by controlling specific parameters which were mentioned above. In the second stage, translucent Si3N4 ceramic was obtained also the controlling same parameters. This is a very important result for aerospace and defence industry applications due to these materials high temperature resistivity and mechanical properties.
Simple fabrication of magnetically separable ZnO-based photocatalyst nanocomposites
Authors: Tan Thian Khoon , Khiew PoiSim , Chiu WeeSiong , Chia ChinHua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Magnetically recyclable ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully fabricated through simple mechanical mixing and low calcination temperature. The nanocomposite was characterised by XRD, FESEM, TEM and EDX analysis. The magnetic nanocomposite optimisation, such as photocatalyst loading, doping amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticle into the nanocomposite and sintering temperature were conducted. The optimum loading amount of the ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was 9.0 wt%. The most favourable amount for Fe3O4 doped was 10 wt% and 300 °C was the value for the sintering temperature. The ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was successfully extracted by applying magnetic field and able to be reused with no significant change arises in the degradation efficiency.
A new criterion for determination S-N curve of CFRP under tension
Authors: Kalinin A G , Lukyanchuk A A , Pankov A V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to development of fatigue failure criterion of the CFRP specimen under fatigue tension loading. The main goal of the current study is to develop a quantitative failure criterion for fatigue damage of a specimen with open hole under tension. In response to this problem, the influence of the following parameters on the stability of the criterion and on its application was determined experimentally: manufacturing technology of a material, the loading conditions during testing. The usage of the failure criterion of thickening in the hole zone made it possible to obtain S-N curve while using the classical criterion does not allow to get a S-N curve at some cases. The application of developed failure criterion of thickening made it possible to reduce the standard deviation of the logarithm of S
lg

N
durability. The dependence of the matrix damage area around the hole from the endurance at different loading levels was obtained according to the results of NDT method.
Atomic structures and scanning tunnelling microscopy of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fujimoto Yoshitaka , Saito Susumu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on atomic structures, energetics, and scanning tunnelling microscopy images of nitrogen defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on first-principles density-functional study. As defect configurations in CNTs, not only the substitutional nitrogen defect but also the nitrogen-vacancy complex defects (pyridine-type defects) are considered. The substitutional nitrogen defect is found to be energetically the most stable defect. On the other hand, for the pyridine-type defects, the tetramerized and the trimerized configurations are found to be the possible configurations in energy. The scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images for defect configurations in N-doped CNTs are studied, and the various N defects in CNTs are expected to be identified by STM experiments.
Photoelasticity Ray-casting for Residual Stresses in the Axisymmetric Glass Cylinder
Authors: Zhang Xun , Tian Quan , Chen Donghai , Huang Licheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Residual stresses are important index to evaluate the precision molded glass plane. Residual stresses inside a glass cylinder was simulated by Finite Element Method. The circular polariscope was used to compare retardation and isoclinic angle between the simulated residual stresses and the thermal treated glass cylinder. The retardation and isoclinic angle of simulated residual stresses were calculated by Jones calculus. The comparison results show a good agreement.
Technical potentials and costs for reducing global anthropogenic methane emissions in the 2050 timeframe –results from the GAINS model
Authors: Höglund-Isaksson Lena , Gómez-Sanabria Adriana , Klimont Zbigniew , Rafaj Peter , Schöpp Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide contributing to human-made global warming. Keeping to the Paris Agreement of staying well below two degrees warming will require a concerted effort to curb methane emissions in addition to necessary decarbonization of the energy systems. The fastest way to achieve emission reductions in the 2050 timeframe is likely through implementation of various technical options. The focus of this study is to explore the technical abatement and cost pathways for reducing global methane emissions, breaking reductions down to regional and sector levels using the most recent version of IIASA’s Greenhouse gas and Air pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model. The diverse human activities that contribute to methane emissions make detailed information on potential global impacts of actions at the regional and sectoral levels particularly valuable for policy-makers. With a global annual inventory for 1990–2015 as starting point for projections, we produce a baseline emission scenario to 2050 against which future technical abatement potentials and costs are assessed at a country and sector/technology level. We find it technically feasible in year 2050 to remove 54 percent of global methane emissions below baseline, however, due to locked in capital in the short run, the cumulative removal potential over the period 2020–2050 is estimated at 38 percent below baseline. This leaves 7.7 Pg methane released globally between today and 2050 that will likely be difficult to remove through technical solutions. There are extensive technical opportunities at low costs to control emissions from waste and wastewater handling and from fossil fuel production and use. A considerably more limited technical abatement potential is found for agricultural emissions, in particular from extensive livestock rearing in developing countries. This calls for widespread implementation in the 2050 timeframe of institutional and behavioural options in addition to technical solutions.
Mo doped TiO2: impact on oxygen vacancies, anatase phase stability and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kumaravel Vignesh , Rhatigan Stephen , Mathew Snehamol , Michel Marie Clara , Bartlett John , Nolan Michael , Hinder Steven J , Gascó Antonio , Ruiz-Palomar César , Hermosilla Daphne , Pillai Suresh C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work outlines an experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of molybdenum (Mo) doping on the oxygen vacancy formation and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) were used to probe the anatase to rutile transition (ART), surface features and optical characteristics of Mo doped TiO2 (Mo–TiO2). XRD results showed that the ART was effectively impeded by 2 mol% Mo doping up to 750 °C, producing 67% anatase and 33% rutile. Moreover, the crystal growth of TiO2 was affected by Mo doping via its interaction with oxygen vacancies and the Ti–O bond. The formation of Ti–O–Mo and Mo–Ti–O bonds were confirmed by XPS results. Phonon confinement, lattice strain and non-stoichiometric defects were validated through the Raman analysis. DFT results showed that, after substitutional doping of Mo at a Ti site in anatase, the Mo oxidation state is Mo6+ and empty Mo-s states emerge at the titania conduction band minimum. The empty Mo-d states overlap the anatase conduction band in the DOS plot. A large energy cost, comparable to that computed for pristine anatase, is required to reduce Mo–TiO2 through oxygen vacancy formation. Mo5+ and Ti3+ are present after the oxygen vacancy formation and occupied states due to these reduced cations emerge in the energy gap of the titania host. PL studies revealed that the electron–hole recombination process in Mo–TiO2 was exceptionally lower than that of TiO2 anatase and rutile. This was ascribed to introduction of 5s gap states below the CB of TiO2 by the Mo dopant. Moreover, the photo-generated charge carriers could easily be trapped and localised on the TiO2 surface by Mo6+ and Mo5+ ions to improve the photocatalytic activity.
Serum cotinine levels and nicotine addiction potential of e-cigarettes: an NHANES analysis
Authors: Rapp Joseph L , Alpert Naomi , Flores Raja M , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to compare serum cotinine levels in e-cigarette and combustible cigarette smokers, in an attempt to quantify the potential chronic nicotine addiction risk that e-cigarettes pose. We analyzed 428 participants in 2015–2016 NHANES: 379 (87.03%) smoked combustible cigarettes alone and 49 (12.97%) smoked e-cigarettes. Serum cotinine levels were measured by isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric method with a detection limit of 0.015 ng/ml. Electronic cigarette smokers were younger than combustible cigarette smokers (mean age 36.79 versus 42.69 years, P = 0.03), more likely to be male (64.93% versus 48.32%, P = 0.09) and significantly less likely to live with other smokers (50.17% versus 90.07%, P &lt; 0.01). Serum cotinine levels increased linearly with self-reported days of smoking in both electronic cigarette and combustible cigarette smokers, after accounting for living with a smoker. The analysis of the subgroup who reported daily use show non-statistically significantly higher serum cotinine levels in electronic cigarette smokers versus combustible cigarette smokers (β adj = 52.50, P = 0.10). This analysis of recent US data demonstrates that electronic cigarettes expose users to nicotine levels proportionate to, and potentially higher than combustible cigarettes, and thus pose a serious risk of chronic nicotine addiction. This could be particularly relevant in otherwise tobacco naive individuals; future risk of tobacco-related dependence, addiction and relapse, as well as of tobacco-related cancers in these subjects needs to be investigated.
Tryptophan levels associate with incident cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Konje Vetalise C , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke M , Bellovich Keith , Gadegbeku Crystal A , Gipson Debbie S , Afshinnia Farsad , Mathew Anna V ,   the Michigan Kidney Translational Core CPROBE Investigator Group
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Non-traditional risk factors like inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tryptophan catabolism by the kynurenine pathway (KP) is linked to systemic inflammation and CVD in the general and dialysis population. However, the relationship of KP to incident CVD in the CKD population is unknown.

Methods
We measured tryptophan metabolites using targeted mass spectrometry in 92 patients with a history of CVD (old CVD); 46 patients with no history of CVD and new CVD during follow-up (no CVD); and 46 patients with no CVD history who developed CVD in the median follow-up period of 2 years (incident CVD).

Results
The three groups are well-matched in age, gender, race, diabetes status and CKD stage, and only differed in total cholesterol and proteinuria. Tryptophan and kynurenine levels significantly decreased in patients with ‘Incident CVD’ compared with the no CVD or old CVD groups (P = 5.2E–7; P = 0.003 respectively). Kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and kynurenine are all increased with worsening CKD stage (P &lt; 0.05). An increase in tryptophan levels at baseline was associated with 0.32-fold lower odds of incident CVD (P = 0.000014) compared with the no CVD group even after adjustment for classic CVD risk factors. Addition of tryptophan and kynurenine levels to the receiver operating curve constructed from discriminant analysis predicting incident CVD using baseline clinical variables increased the area under the curve from 0.76 to 0.82 (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
In summary, our study demonstrates that low tryptophan levels are associated with incident CVD in CKD.