bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Spectral Density Background Estimate and Signal Detection via the Multitaper Method
Authors: Di Matteo S. , Viall N. M. , Kepko L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a new spectral analysis method for the identification of periodic signals in geophysical time series. We evaluate the power spectral density with the adaptive multitaper method, a nonparametric spectral analysis technique suitable for time series characterized by colored power spectral density. Our method provides a maximum likelihood estimation of the power spectral density background according to four different models. It includes the option for the models to be fitted on four smoothed versions of the power spectral density when there is a need to reduce the influence of power enhancements due to periodic signals. We use a statistical criterion to select the best background representation among the different smoothing + model pairs. Then, we define the confidence thresholds to identify the power spectral density enhancements related to the occurrence of periodic fluctuations (γ test). We combine the results with those obtained with the multitaper harmonic F test, an additional complex‐valued regression analysis from which it is possible to estimate the amplitude and phase of the signals. We demonstrate the algorithm on Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic time series and a case study of magnetospheric field fluctuations directly driven by periodic density structures in the solar wind. The method is robust and flexible. Our procedure is freely available as a stand‐alone IDL code at https://zenodo.org/record/3703168. The modular structure of our methodology allows the introduction of new smoothing methods and models to cover additional types of time series. The flexibility and extensibility of the technique makes it broadly suitable to any discipline.
Magnetic Anomalies in Five Lunar Impact Basins: Implications for Impactor Trajectories and Inverse Modeling
Authors: Hood L. L. , Oliveira J. S. , Andrews‐Hanna J. , Wieczorek M. A. , Stewart S. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA recent large‐scale map of the lunar crustal magnetic field is examined for the existence of magnetic anomalies internal to ringed impact basins. It is found that, of 25 basins with upper preNectarian and younger ages, 18 contain mapped internal anomalies with amplitudes of at least 1 nT at 30 km altitude. Of these, five are most confidently judged to contain intrinsic anomalies (i.e., anomalies located within the inner basin rims and originating at the times of basin formation): Crisium, Humboldtianum, Mendel‐Rydberg, Moscoviense, and Nectaris. Comparing the anomaly distributions with previous numerical simulations of the impact of iron‐rich planetesimals to form a large (SPA‐sized) basin, inferences are drawn about the likely trajectories of the impactors. Specifically, results suggest that impactor trajectories for these basins were within ∼45° of being vertical and tended to lie on average parallel to the lunar equatorial plane and the ecliptic plane. Inverse modeling of anomalies within these basins yields inferred directions of magnetization that are difficult to reconcile with the axial centered dipole hypothesis for the geometry of the internal lunar dynamo field: Paleomagnetic pole positions are widely scattered and, in agreement with a recent independent study, the two main anomalies within Crisium yield significantly different directions of magnetization.
Development and validation of prognostic model for predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China
Authors: Mei Qi , Wang Amanda Y. , Bryant Amy , Yang Yang , Li Ming , Wang Fei , Zhao Jia Wei , Ma Ke , Wu Liang , Chen Huawen , Luo Jinlong , Du Shangming , Halfter Kathrin , Li Yong , Kurts Christian , Hu Guangyuan , Yuan Xianglin , Li Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a global public health issue, that has now affected more than 200 countries worldwide and caused a second wave of pandemic. Severe adult respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia is associated with a high risk of mortality. However, prognostic factors predicting poor clinical outcomes of individual patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia remain under intensive investigation. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were admitted to four hospitals in Wuhan, China from December 2019 to February 2020. Mortality at the end of the follow up period was the primary outcome. Factors predicting mortality were also assessed and a prognostic model was developed, calibrated and validated. The study included 492 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were divided into three cohorts: the training cohort (n = 237), the validation cohort 1 (n = 120), and the validation cohort 2 (n = 135). Multivariate analysis showed that five clinical parameters were predictive of mortality at the end of follow up period, including advanced age [odds ratio (OR), 1.1/years increase (p < 0.001)], increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [(NLR) OR, 1.14/increase (p < 0.001)], elevated body temperature on admission [OR, 1.53/°C increase (p = 0.005)], increased aspartate transaminase [OR, 2.47 (p = 0.019)], and decreased total protein [OR, 1.69 (p = 0.018)]. Furthermore, the prognostic model drawn from the training cohort was validated with validation cohorts 1 and 2 with comparable area under curves (AUC) at 0.912, 0.928, and 0.883, respectively. While individual survival probabilities were assessed, the model yielded a Harrell’s C index of 0.758 for the training cohort, 0.762 for the validation cohort 1, and 0.711 for the validation cohort 2, which were comparable among each other. A validated prognostic model was developed to assist in determining the clinical prognosis for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Using this established model, individual patients categorized in the high risk group were associated with an increased risk of mortality, whereas patients predicted to be in the low risk group had a higher probability of survival.
Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges of biometric measurements of fetal head, abdomen and femur
Authors: Lindström Linda , Ageheim Mårten , Axelsson Ove , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Skalkidou Alkistis , Bergman Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUltrasonic assessment of fetal growth is an important part of obstetric care to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome. However, lack of reliable reference ranges is a major barrier for accurate interpretation of the examinations. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish national reference ranges for intrauterine size and growth of the fetal head, abdomen and femur from gestational week 12 to 42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 healthy pregnant women with low risk of aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was examined up to five times with ultrasound from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. The assessed intrauterine fetal biometric measurements were biparietal diameter (outer–inner), head circumference, mean abdominal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to account for the individual measurements of the fetus and the number of repeated visits for measurements while accounting for the random effect of the identified parameterization of gestational age. The expected median and variance, expressed in both standard deviations and percentiles, for each individual biometric measurement was calculated. The presented national reference ranges can be used for assessment of intrauterine size and growth of the fetal head, abdomen and femur in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
The serine protease HtrA plays a key role in heat-induced dispersal of pneumococcal biofilms
Authors: Chao Yashuan , Bergenfelz Caroline , Sun Renhua , Han Xiao , Achour Adnane , Hakansson Anders P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) colonizes the human nasopharynx by forming multicellular biofilms. Due to the high level of asymptomatic carriage, transition to infections, such as otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, occurs often enough that the pneumococcus remains a major cause of disease and death globally. Virus infection and virus-induced responses, such as increased temperature (fever), trigger release of virulent bacteria from colonizing biofilms. The exact mechanisms involved in pneumococcal egress during biofilm dispersal remain unknown, although we hypothesize that disruption of the biofilm matrix encasing the bacteria is necessary. Here, we utilized established in vitro biofilm dispersal models to investigate the involvement of proteases in bacterial egress from pneumococcal biofilms. We demonstrate the importance of protease activity, both through increased bacterial release following addition of proteases and reduced heat-induced biofilm dispersal in the presence of protease inhibitors. We identify a key role for the surface-exposed serine protease HtrA, but not PrtA, in heat-induced biofilm dispersal. Bacterial release from htrA-negative biofilms was significantly reduced compared to wild-type isogenic strains but was restored and increased above wild-type levels following addition of recombinant HtrA. Understanding the specific mechanisms involved in bacterial egress may provide novel targets for future strategies aimed to specifically interfere with disease progression without disturbing nasopharyngeal biofilm colonization.
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on adult musculoskeletal injuries and surgical management: a retrospective monocentric study
Authors: Crenn V. , El Kinani M. , Pietu G. , Leteve M. , Persigant M. , Toanen C. , Varenne Y. , Goffinet N. , Buffenoir K. , Javaudin F. , Montassier E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the worldwide implementation of unprecedented public protection measures. On the 17th of March, the French government announced a lockdown of the population for 8 weeks. This monocentric study assessed the impact of this lockdown on the musculoskeletal injuries treated at the emergency department as well as the surgical indications. We carried out a retrospective study in the Emergency Department and the Surgery Department of Nantes University Hospital from 18 February to 11 May 2020. We collected data pertaining to the demographics, the mechanism, the type, the severity, and inter-hospital transfer for musculoskeletal injuries from our institution. We compared the 4-week pre-lockdown period and the 8-week lockdown period divided into two 4-week periods: early lockdown and late lockdown. There was a 52.1% decrease in musculoskeletal injuries among patients presenting to the Emergency Department between the pre-lockdown and the lockdown period (weekly incidence: 415.3 ± 44.2 vs. 198.5 ± 46.0, respectively, p < .001). The number of patients with surgical indications decreased by 33.4% (weekly incidence: 44.3 ± 3.8 vs. 28.5 ± 10.2, p = .048). The policy for inter-hospital transfers to private entities resulted in 64 transfers (29.4%) during the lockdown period. There was an increase in the incidence of surgical high severity trauma (Injury Severity Score > 16) between the pre-lockdown and the early lockdown period (2 (1.1%) vs. 7 (7.2%), respectively, p = .010) as well as between the pre-lockdown and the late lockdown period (2 (1.1%) vs. 10 (8.3%), respectively, p = .004). We observed a significant increase in the weekly emergency department patient admissions between the early and the late lockdown period (161.5 ± 22.9, 235.5 ± 27.7, respectively, p = .028). A pronounced decrease in the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was observed secondary to the lockdown measures, with emergency department patient admissions being halved and surgical indications being reduced by a third. The increase in musculoskeletal injuries during the late confinement period and the higher incidence of severe trauma highlights the importance of maintaining a functional trauma center organization with an inter-hospital transfer policy in case of a COVID-19s wave lockdown.
Epidemic area contact history and sleep quality associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in the first phase of COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Shang Zhilei , Ma Haiying , Jia Yanpu , Sun Luna , Guo Xin , Wu Lili , Sun Zhuoer , Zhou Yaoguang , Wang Yan , Liu Nianqi , Liu Weizhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on mental health was of widespread concern recently. The present study aimed to exam sleep quality and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and potential influence factors in the first phases of COVID-19 massive outbreak in China. A snowball sampling technique was used and a total of 2027 Chinese participated in the present study. Demographic information, epidemic area contact history, sleep quality and PTSS data were collected with an internet-based cross-sectional survey. Results suggested that 59.7% participants were not fully satisfied with their sleep quality, and 50.9% participants had various degrees of short sleep duration problems. 44.1% and 33.0% participants had sleep disturbance and sleep onset latency problems. Also, the prevalence of PTSS reached 4.7% in the self-rating survey. Epidemic area contact history affected PTSS and latency onset of sleep under the influence of COVID-19. Epidemic area contact history and sleep quality had interaction effects on PTSS. The present study was one of the first to evaluate acute psychological responses and possible risk factors during the peak of COVID-19 in China and results indicate that keeping good sleep quality in individuals with pandemic exposure experiences is a way to prevent PTSS.
Visible-Light-Promoted Asymmetric Catalysis by Chiral Complexes of First-Row Transition Metals
Authors: Gong Lei , Li Yanjun , Ye Ziqi , Cai Jiaxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis short review presents an overview of visible-light-driven asymmetric catalysis by chiral complexes of first-row transition metals. The processes described here include dual catalysis by a chiral complex of copper, nickel, cobalt, or chromium and an additional photoredox or energy-transfer catalyst, and bifunctional catalysis by a single chiral copper or nickel catalyst. These methods allow valuable transformations with high functional group compatibility. They provide stereoselective construction of carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds under mild conditions, and produce a diverse range of previously unknown enantioenriched compounds.1	Introduction2	Nickel-Based Photocatalytic Asymmetric Catalysis3	Copper-Based Photocatalytic Asymmetric Catalysis4	Photocatalytic Asymmetric Catalysis by Chiral Complexes of Cobalt or Chromium5	Conclusion
Role of Homeopathy in Epidemics: Paving Way for a Plausible Solution in the Management of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Dutta Abhijit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China, has become a global threat. The high infectivity and drastic outcomes have made this a paramount health concern. Effective therapy or vaccine to arrest the progress has still not been proved. Homeopathy has a long reputation and evidence of intervening in several epidemic situations, notably the recent influenza. Symptoms-based personalised approach makes it more precise to treat patients. The symptom complex presented by several patients suffering from the COVID-19 can help to select the genus epidemicus, one or few medicine/s to treat and prevent the epidemic. A proper hygienic measure and medication are sufficient to manage a large number of cases with mild symptoms. Severe cases with or without complications are an important concern and need critical management. A significant body of literature justifies the consideration of homeopathy in this situation. A conceptual framework may be drawn to integrate homeopathy with standard therapy to find a better treatment plan. Keeping the symptoms and existing evidence in consideration, some medicines may be proposed for further trials, treatment and prevention plan.
Modified Total Intrinsic Rehabilitation Procedure for Ulnar Palsy
Authors: Purushothaman Venugopal , Joseph Jijo , Ambat Sabari Girish , Vinothkumar Krishnan , Venkataswami Ramaswami 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tendon transfer for ulnar palsy has been an area of interest for many a stalwart in hand surgery, especially in southeast Asian countries, mainly because of the prevalence of Hansen’s disease in these countries. Although the procedures look standardized, there are still many lacunae. Here in this article, we discuss about a surgical technique by which all the motor disabilities evolving due to ulnar nerve paralysis are addressed with three sets of tendon transfers performed in a single stage for: (1) key pinch restoration, (2) claw correction and adduction of fingers, and (3) claw correction and abduction of fingers.
Prognostic Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients Presenting with Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Le Mao Raphael , Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Porres-Aguilar Mateo , García-Ortega Alberto , Rosa Vladimir , Schellong Sebastian , Mazzolai Lucia , Rivera-Civico Francisco , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), there is a lack of comprehensive data on the prevalence and prognostic significance of pre-existing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods In this study of patients with PE from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry, we assessed the prevalence of OSA, and the association between pre-existing OSA and the outcomes of all-cause mortality, PE-related mortality, recurrences, and major bleeding over 30 days after initiation of PE treatment. Additionally, we also examined rates of outcomes within 90 days and 1 year following the diagnosis of PE.
Results Of 4,153 patients diagnosed with PE, 241 (5.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1–6.6%) had pre-existing OSA. Overall, 166 (4.0%; 95% CI: 3.4–4.6%) died during the first 30 days of follow-up. In multivariable analysis, the OSA syndrome was not a significant predictor of death from any cause (odds ratio [OR]: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.8–2.9; p = 0.19). However, patients with pre-existing OSA had an increased PE-specific mortality (adjusted OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3–6.8; p = 0.01) compared with those without OSA. OSA was not significantly associated with 30-day recurrent venous thromboembolism (adjusted OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.1–4.7; p = 0.65) or major bleeds (adjusted OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.4–2.2; p = 1.0). Findings were similar at 90-day and 1-year follow-ups.
Conclusion In patients presenting with PE, pre-existing OSA is relatively infrequent. Patients with OSA were at increased risk of PE-related mortality when compared with those without OSA.
Metastatic Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma—An Autopsy Finding in Myocardium: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kaur Jasmeen , Kaur Amarvir , Punia Rajpal Singh , Dsari Harish 
Published: December 2020

Introduction  Stomach is the most common primary site of signet ring cell adenocarcinoma unlike breast or pancreas. The distant metastasis is commonly seen in peritoneum, liver, and lungs. Few cases have been reported on metastasis in pericardial fluid with presentation of cardiac tamponade. However, to the best of my knowledge, myocardium is one of the rarest sites of distant metastasis.
Case Report A 26-year-old male had abdominal pain at home and was brought dead to the hospital. The postmortem examination was done, and heart was sent for histopathological report. The gross examination of heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen were unremarkable and on microscopy, sections examined from lung and left ventricular wall showed infiltration by a tumor composed of signet ring cells and few glands in the background of the mucinous material and the primary site of tumor was suggested to be stomach and rectum, whereas sections examined from liver, kidneys and spleen did not show any significant pathological change or any metastatic deposit.
Conclusion Distant metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma is mostly seen in peritoneum, liver, and lungs. So, to conclude myocardium is the rarest site of distant metastasis. Therefore, the heart autopsy is of utmost importance to look for the cause of death and also important from the perspective of academic value.
Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather).
Authors: Kaufman Sylvan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Considered a transformative invasive plant in Cuba by Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); however, no information could be found on this species' environmental impacts. It is considered a potentially serious weed in Hawaii (HEAR, 2016). Naturalized in tropical regions around the world where it has been widely planted as an ornamental (HEAR, 2016).
Constructing a virtual two-qubit gate by sampling single-qubit operations
Authors: Mitarai Kosuke , Fujii Keisuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show a certain kind of non-local operations can be simulated by sampling a set of local operations with a quasi-probability distribution when the task of a quantum circuit is to evaluate an expectation value of observables. Utilizing the result, we describe a strategy to decompose a two-qubit gate to a sequence of single-qubit operations. Required operations are projective measurement of a qubit in Pauli basis, and π/2 rotation around x, y, and z axes. The required number of sampling to get an expectation value of a target observable within an error of ϵ is roughly O(9
k
/ϵ
2), where k is the number of ‘cuts’ performed. The proposed technique enables to perform ‘virtual’ gates between a distant pair of qubits, where there is no direct interaction and thus a number of swap gates are inevitable otherwise. It can also be utilized to improve the simulation of a large quantum computer with a small-sized quantum device, which is an idea put forward by Peng et al (2019 arXiv:1904.00102). This work can enhance the connectivity of qubits on near-term, noisy quantum computers.
Multiple Alfvén eigenmodes induced by energetic electrons and nonlinear mode couplings in EAST radio-frequency heated H-mode plasmas
Authors: Zhao N. , Bao J. , Chen W. , Shi T.H. , Wang Z.X. , Yan N. , Liu S.C. , Liu H.Q. , Zang Q. , Lin S.Y. , Wu X.H. , Chu Y.Q. , Wang Y.M. , Wang S.X. , Hu W.H. , Chu N. , Li M.H. , Zhai X.M. , Jie Y.X. , Jiang M. , Lin X.D. , Gao X. , the EAST Team  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multiple electromagnetic coherent modes with frequencies f ∼ 20–300 kHz and toroidal mode numbers n = 1 and n = 2 have been observed and investigated in radio-frequency heated H-mode plasmas of the EAST tokamak. The experimental results show that the two main branches of these coherent modes are driven by energetic electrons (EEs), which are produced in the processes of radio-frequency current drive and heating. Bicoherence analysis indicates that there are strong nonlinear mode interactions between the two branches (mother waves), i.e. one is in the low-frequency range of f ∼ 20–50 kHz and the other one is in the high-frequency range of f ∼ 120–250 kHz, and their nonlinear couplings can generate many harmonics (daughter waves). Both coherent modes propagate poloidally along the electron diamagnetic drift direction. The gyrokinetic eigenvalue simulations support the view that both the low-frequency and the high-frequency coherent modes observed in EAST are Alfvén eigenmode (AE) type, and the kinetic effects of background plasmas and EEs are responsible for the formation and excitation of AEs, respectively. The low-frequency coherent mode is identified as the kinetic beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode located in the edge, and the high-frequency coherent mode is radially global, which is characterized by a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) in the core and also has the components of a kinetic TAE and ellipticity-induced Alfvén eigenmode in the outer region due to the large downshift of the Alfvén continuum gap from the core to the edge in H-mode discharges.