bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency‐assisted extraction of pectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel and its characterization
Authors: Naik Mohan , Rawson Ashish , Rangarajan Jagan Mohan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmerging technologies for extraction of valuable components from food by‐products is the need of the hour as they are classified as green technology. Radio‐frequency assisted extraction (RFAE) is one such novel technology. The present study focused on the extraction of pectin from Jackfruit waste (peel) using RFAE. The optimum RFAE conditions found were RF time of 61.50 min, the ratio of liquid to solid 20.63:1 (ml/g), and pH 2.61. Under these conditions, the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of pectin was 29.40% and 65.07%, respectively. The value of DE suggests that Jackfruit pectin is categorized as high methoxyl pectin. Compared to the conventional method of extraction (12.37%) the yield of pectin was much higher in RFAE (29.40%). The study of viscosity measurement revealed that the solutions of pectin showed nearly pseudoplastic flow behavior. Hence, RFAE was found to be an effective, time saving, and eco‐friendly method for extraction of pectin from Jackfruit peel.Practical applicationsJackfruit peels are the major by‐product of Jackfruit processing industries and contribute to the waste disposal problem. Peels are a potential source of pectin, fiber, and starch. Recovery of these compounds from the peel is the biggest challenge. Conventional boiling is the traditional method used for extraction of pectin, which considerably takes more time and yields less pectin. Radio frequency‐assisted extraction of pectin under acidic conditions is an efficient, quick, and environmentally friendly method. This study demonstrated that radio frequency heating enhances the yield of pectin and reduces the extraction time. The extracted pectin has the potential to be used as a jellying, stabilizing, emulsifying, and thickening agent in food processing industries. Hence, radio frequency heating has a potential application as an efficient extraction technology, thus enhancing the yield of pectin.
Virtues as Qualities of Character
Authors: Darr Ryan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, a growing philosophical literature has subjected virtue ethics to empirical evaluation. Drawing on results in social psychology, a number of critics have argued that virtue ethics depends upon false presuppositions about the cross‐situational consistency of psychological traits. Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue has been a prime target for the situationist critics. This essay assesses the situationist critique of MacIntyre’s account of virtue. It argues that MacIntyre’s social teleological account of virtue is not what his situationist critics take it to be. Virtues, for MacIntyre, are not reducible to psychological traits. They are qualities of one’s socially constituted character, and their intelligibility as virtues derives from their role in the narrative of one’s life. Recognizing this both clarifies and complicates debates about the implication of situationist social psychology for virtue ethics. It also grants a new significance to MacIntyre’s attention to the socio‐historical context of virtue, a significance that should be especially interesting to religious ethicists.
The Phenomenology of Democracy
Authors: Davis G. Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMolly Farneth’s Hegel’s Social Ethics hearkens back to the tradition of Josiah Royce, which has continued in the work of Richard Bernstein and Jeffrey Stout. At the same time, it reflects the impact of three decades of interpretive work which has offered an alternative to the 19th and early 20th century reading of Hegel as a metaphysical systematizer. In this new reading he was from the beginning a social critic and political theorist who looked to lay the groundwork for post‐Enlightenment vision of the social world as evolving toward one of social cooperation based on mutual recognition. Farneth has developed this reading of Hegel into one of powerful resources for democratic pluralism.
Canon, Repetition, and the Opponent
Authors: Levene Nancy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay considers two concepts of repetition in thinking about canon, the history of ideas, and the work of an opponent, both real and fantastical. I take up these motifs in a variety of figures and cases, but principally in Søren Kierkegaard’s reading of the biblical Abraham in Fear and Trembling, a text rich in interpretive challenges. How might readers in the humanities contend with interpretive rivals while investing in the power of diverse readings? The argument turns on the relationship between the struggle for self‐consciousness, understood through Hegel and Freud as an appointment with otherness, and the work of interpretation, understood as the endeavor to understand others, including other texts, other minds, and one’s own mind. What is the aim of interpretation? How does interpretation fail? To which history of ideas is a reader responsible?
Venetoclax, bortezomib and S63845, an MCL1 inhibitor, in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wong Kwan Yeung , Chim Chor Sang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Venetoclax, an orally available BCL2-selective inhibitor, has demonstrated promising single-agent anti-tumour activity in myeloma especially patients with t(11;14). Herein, whether venetoclax sensitivity could be enhanced or restored in combination with bortezomib or S63845, a novel MCL1-selective inhibitor, was examined in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), including bortezomib-resistant HMCLs.

Methods
By MTS assay, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and hence sensitivity/resistance to venetoclax, bortezomib and S63845 were determined.

Key findings
Venetoclax (IC50 ≥100 nm), bortezomib (IC50 ≥50 nm) and S63845 (IC50 ≥100 nm) resistance was observed in nine (75%), three (25%) and six (50%) HMCLs, respectively. Moreover, venetoclax sensitivity was independent of bortezomib (R2 = 0.1107) or S63845 (R2 = 0.0213) sensitivity. Venetoclax sensitivity correlated with high mRNA ratio of BCL2/MCL1 (P = 0.0091), BCL2/BCL2L1 (P = 0.0182) and low MCL1 expression (P = 0.0091). In HMCLs sensitive to both venetoclax and bortezomib/S63845, venetoclax combined with S63845 showed stronger synergistic effect than combined with bortezomib. Moreover, in venetoclax-resistant HMCLs, S63845, but not bortezomib, significantly restored venetoclax sensitivity. Conversely, bortezomib combined with S63845 did not result in augmented bortezomib sensitivity or abolishment of bortezomib resistance.

Conclusions
Regardless of t(11;14), combination of venetoclax with S63845 is a promising strategy in enhancing venetoclax sensitivity or overcoming venetoclax resistance in myeloma therapy, hence warrant future clinical studies.
Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a review
Authors: Khdour Maher R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This review surveys current pharmacotherapies available for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), emphasising their mechanisms of action.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review focusing on the ‘pharmacotherapy and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy’ was conducted. The Database of International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Google and Google Scholar were searched, and reference lists of relevant articles were also included.

Key findings
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is often inadequately treated, and the role of improving glycaemic control specifically in type-2 diabetes remains unclear. It is crucial to explore the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of available therapies. Major international clinical guidelines for the management of DPN recommend several symptomatic treatments. First-line therapies include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and anticonvulsants that act on calcium channels. Other therapies include opioids and topical agents such as capsaicin and lidocaine. The objectives of this paper are to review current guidelines for the pharmacological management of DPN and to discuss research relevant to the further development of pharmacological recommendations for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Summary
Diabetic neuropathy is a highly prevalent, disabling condition, the management of which is associated with significant costs. Evidence supports the use of specific anticonvulsants and antidepressants for pain management in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. All current guidelines advise a personalised approach with a low-dose start that is tailored to the maximum response having the least side effects or adverse events.
Multicenter retrospective evaluation of ileocecocolic perforations associated with diagnostic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in dogs and cats
Authors: Woolhead Vanessa L. , Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Stewart Sarah A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIleoscopy is increasingly performed in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal signs, but iatrogenic ileocecocolic (ICC) perforations have not been described.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo characterize endoscopic ICC perforations in dogs and cats.AnimalsThirteen dogs and 2 cats.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series. Signalment, presentation, endoscopic equipment, colonic preparation, endoscopist's experience level, ileal intubation technique, method of diagnosis, perforation location, histopathology, management, and outcome data were collected and reviewed.ResultsSix ileal, 5 cecal, and 4 colonic perforations were identified between 2012 and 2019. Dogs weighed 2.4‐26 kg (median, 10.3 kg) and cats 4.6‐5.1 kg (median, 4.9 kg). Endoscopy was performed in dogs presented for vomiting (n = 4), as well as large (n = 5), mixed (n = 4), and small (n = 1) bowel diarrhea. Cats had large bowel diarrhea. Endoscopists included 1 supervised intern, 9 supervised internal medicine residents (2 first year, 6 second year, 1 third year), and 5 internal medicine diplomates. Diagnosis was delayed in 5 dogs, occurring 1‐5 days after endoscopy (median, 3 days); dogs were presented again with inappetence (n = 4), lethargy (n = 4), abdominal pain (n = 3), retching (n = 2), and syncope (n = 1). All animals underwent surgical correction. Histopathology did not identify lesions at the perforation site in any animal. Two dogs required a second surgery; 1 died 12 hours after surgery. Survival to discharge was 93%, with 78% surviving ≥8 months.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIatrogenic endoscopic ICC perforation is not indicative of underlying disease and is associated with a good prognosis. Delayed diagnosis can occur. Therefore, perforation should be considered in the differential diagnosis for animals with clinical deterioration after endoscopy.
Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma
Authors: Al‐Qadri Razan F. , Abu‐Basha Ehab A. , Ababneh Mohammed M. , Bani Ismail Zuhair , Idkaidek Nasir M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes following a single oral dose and to determine the plasma concentrations of these compounds in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma. Eighteen healthy ewes were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 each): pregnant ewes at 12–13 weeks of gestation (group A), nonpregnant ewes (group B), and pregnant ewes at 1–2 weeks before expected lambing date (group C). Ewes in all groups received a single oral dose of toltrazuril at 20 mg/kg body weight. In groups A and B, blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18 hr, every 6 hr to day 3, every 12 hr to day 7 and thereafter every 24 hr to day 14 post‐toltrazuril administration. In group C, parturition was induced 24–36 hr after toltrazuril administration then milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma samples were collected immediately after birth. Drug metabolites were assayed using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection method (UHPLC‐UV). The maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0–t), AUC to 24 and 48 hr (AUC0–24), and (AUC0–48) were significantly higher in pregnant ewes. Longer apparent half‐life (T1/2), significantly higher apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) and total clearance (Cl/F) were observed in nonpregnant ewes. The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), mean residence time (MRT) and elimination rate constant (Kel) were similar in both groups. The AUC0–24 and AUC0–48 were significantly higher in nonpregnant ewes. The AUC0–t was significantly higher in pregnant ones. The ratio of plasma toltrazuril concentrations in ewes and toltrazuril concentrations in newborn lambs' plasma, allantoic fluid, and milk were 68%, 2.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. Results of this study showed that toltrazuril is well absorbed after a single oral dose in ewes with widespread distribution in different body tissues.
Comparisons of calcium sources between arboreal and ground‐dwelling land snails: implication from strontium isotope analyses
Authors: Ohta T. , Saeki I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalcium (Ca) is an essential element for many animal species, especially for land snails with shell structures. The availability of Ca imposes constraints on their growth and survival as well as their density and distribution. However, little is known about how they obtain Ca in a natural environment. For example, many species of land snails feed on lichens, but lichens have Ca in the form of calcium oxalate, making it difficult for animals to utilize. Therefore, we predicted that lichens or a representative food source of land snails is not necessarily a major source of Ca, and there may be another source for shell development. The strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) is a useful index for estimating the source of Ca. With this technique, we estimated Ca sources of an arboreal land snail, Euhadra brandtii sapporo, and tested the hypothesis described above. The data for the 87Sr/86Sr ratio show that E. brandtii sapporo did not obtain Ca from lichens and moss in tree canopies, although the data for the δ15N and δ13C show that the species’ main food source may be lichens and moss. We also conducted the isotope analysis of Ezohelix gainesi as a reference, which inhabits the forest floor. The data of δ15N and δ13C show E. gainesi may feed mainly on litter. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio was markedly different from that of arboreal E. brandtii sapporo, and this ground‐dwelling snail likely obtains Ca from ground litter or soil. Our results indicate that Ca sources are different between arboreal and ground‐dwelling land snails, and the former obtains Ca through something other than its major food sources, perhaps from stemflow and precipitation. Differences in the two species indicate that land snails utilize different Ca sources depending on their habitats.
Science and application of strigolactones
Authors: Aliche Ernest B. , Screpanti Claudio , De Mesmaeker Alain , Munnik Teun , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryStrigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that regulate developmental processes and play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Both in planta hormonal roles and ex planta signalling effects of SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. In this review, we explore various aspects of SL function and highlight distinct areas of agriculture that may benefit from the use of synthetic SL analogues, and we identify possible bottlenecks. Our objective is to identify where the contributions of science and stakeholders are still needed to achieve harnessing the benefits of SLs for a sustainable agriculture of the near future.
Assembling film‐landscape relations: Performative practices ofThe Lord of the Ringstours
Authors: Le Heron Erena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Lord of the Ringsentwined Middle‐earth with Aotearoa New Zealand in popular imagination. More than this, the films reached beyond the cinema into everyday practices and experiences of landscape, particularly through film tours. The paper argues that thinking of film‐landscape relations allows exploration of these co‐constitutive experiences. Through rich empirics, the paper illustrates the performative practices on film tours that enact film‐landscape relations. Situated within landscape literature, the paper employs assemblage thinking to productively hold in tension multiplicity, and the relational and enactive elements that were found in the research. Engagement with film‐landscape relations enriches geographic literatures on landscape and assemblage.
Varicella infection following vaccination in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Bobrowski Amy E. , Muller William J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLive viral vaccines have historically been avoided in children after solid organ transplantation. Multiple reports of safety and immunogenicity, largely in the pediatric liver transplant population, have led to a reconsideration of this recommendation. Here, we report the case of a 4‐year‐old boy who inadvertently received the live attenuated MMR‐varicella vaccine (MMRV) at a routine well‐child visit 16 months after receiving a living donor kidney transplant. This was not known until after he was admitted with rash and documented disseminated varicella infection 5 weeks later. He was treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral therapy and recovered fully. This case and its discussion illustrate what is still unknown about the risk‐to‐benefit ratio of live viral vaccination in any individual transplant recipient. Criteria to determine which patients should receive these vaccines should be evaluated before their use after transplant becomes routine, and all recipients and their families should be counseled to have a low threshold to seek medical care for any febrile illness or rash after live viral vaccination.
A Coauthorship Analysis of Internationalization in Political Psychology Through the Lens of ISPP Dissemination Activities
Authors: Quayle Michael , Pautz Nikolas , Mhlongo Brian 
Published: February 2020

Internationalization is a key aim of the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP). This article uses bibliometric techniques to explore international collaborations in the Society's core activities, namely the journalPolitical Psychologyand annual meetings. We explore how authors from different regions of the world are interconnected through coauthorship, using country information extracted from authors' affiliation and coded as Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) or non‐WEIRD. Study 1 analyzes coauthorship in the Society's journalPolitical Psychologyfrom 1985–2014 (30 years), with 1151 authors from 42 countries and 1337 coauthorship ties between them. Study 2 mapped the coauthorship relationships for annual meetings for which documentation was available, eventually collecting data from 2006 to 2014 (9 years). In total, 4260 authors from 74 countries were represented, with 6884 collaborative ties. Annual meetings reflected more international collaboration than the journal on several dimensions, including a large internationally connectedgiant componentof collaborating authors evident in annual meetings, but not the journals. In annual meetings, there were more collaborations between WEIRD and non‐WEIRD authors. However, even at annual meetings, deep internationalization involving non‐WEIRD authors was rare, and the activities of the Society primarily represent academics from WEIRD countries, particularly the United States.
Evaluation of internet addiction and fear of missing out among nursing students
Authors: Kargın Maral , Türkben Polat Hilal , Coşkun Şimşek Didem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the internet addiction and fear of missing out (FoMO) among nursing students.Design and MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted with 511 nursing students who consent to participate.ResultsIt was found that 3.8% (14 students) of the students participating in the research were “pathological internet users.” There was a positive correlation between internet addiction and FoMO (r = .332; P = .000).Practice ImplicationsThe finding that addiction increases with the increase in the use of social media show us that the excessive use of social media is another risk that threatens the mental health of persons.
Topological relations between a directed line and a directed region
Authors: Shen Jingwei , Huang Yang , Chen Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRepresenting the topological relations between directed spatial objects has gained increasing attention in recent years. Although topological relations between directed lines and other types of spatial objects, such as regions and bodies, have been widely investigated, few studies have focused on the topological relations between directed lines and directed regions. This research focuses on the representation and application of directed line–directed region (DLDR) topological relations, and may contribute to spatial querying and spatial analyses related to directed spatial objects or time‐varying objects. Compared with other topological relation models, a DLDR model that considers the starting and ending points of the directed line and the front and back faces of directed regions is proposed in this research to describe the topological relations between directed lines and directed regions. DLDR topological relations are presented, the completeness of the 111 DLDR topological relations is proved, and the topological relations based on the 9‐intersection model (9IM), 9+‐intersection model (9+‐IM), and DLDR model are compared. The formalism of the DLDR model and the corresponding geometric interpretations of the 111 DLDR topological relations are presented, seven propositions are stated to prove the completeness of the 111 DLDR topological relations, and the case study shows that more detailed topological relation information can be obtained based on the DLDR model.
Investigation on the Horn-Like Vortices in Stator Corner Separation Flow in an Axial Flow Pump
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Wang Fujun , Tang Yuan , Wang Benhong , Yao Zhifeng , Xiao Ruofu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Stator corner separation flow existing in the guide-vane domain has significant effects on the characteristics of an axial-flow pump. The objective of this paper is to investigate the vortical structures in stator corner separation flow. Transient numerical simulation with a proof experiment was conducted for an axial-flow pump. Structural features of the vortices and their effects on velocity moment attenuation and pressure fluctuations in the guide-vane domain were analyzed. Horn-like vortices are found in the stator corner separation flow. A full cycle of the horn-like vortex evolution, “inception-growth-development-decay,” is presented. During this transit process, the vortex tube is gradually elongated and deformed, which forms an oblique separation line on the vane suction surface. High velocity moment always exists in the flow passages of the guide-vane domain, and the uniformity of main flows is gradually reduced. Meanwhile, periodic pressure fluctuations arise. The maximum amplitude of pressure fluctuations in the flow passages occurs in the region where the horn-like vortex cores at the “growth” stage lie in, which is approximately 3.39 times higher than that in the vaneless region between the impeller and guide-vane. The dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations in the flow passages is approximately 0.75 times the rotating frequency, which is close to the frequency of the full cycle of the horn-like vortex evolution. Horn-like vortices have remarkable effects on the flow fields, and more attention should be paid to them.