bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Co-Composting by a combined pretreatment Ozonation/Ultrasonic process in stabilization of raw activated sludge
Authors: Dastpak Hamideh , Pasalari Hasan , Jafari Ahmad Jonidi , Gholami Mitra , Farzadkia Mahdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe enhancement of composting technology to stabilize sludge pretreated by ozonation and ultrasonic was tested for 35 days. Secondary sludge produced by biological process are characterized with endogenous residue and inert solid matter which inhibit fully degrade bacterial cell walls. The composting process was performed with sludge pretreated with ozonatian and ultrasonics and green waste in a ratio of 2:1. The composting characteristics was evaluated for different physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in five different reactors. A high degree of composting quality was achieved with respect to significant reduction in volatile solids (VS) (32%), total organic carbon (TOC) (35.0%), C/N ratio (23.74), total coliform (TC) (168) along with the substantial increase in availability of nutrients like N (1.2%) and P (8.77%). High removal efficiency of TC and Fecal Coliform (FC) were observed in composting results, where simultaneous ultrasonic and ozonation were considered as primary-stabilization process. Therefore, applying integrated ultrasonic/ozonation with composting system for sludge stabilization is potentially useful technology in sustainable land restoration practices to meet standards and produce soil conditioner.
SMART Markers: collecting patient-generated health data as a standardized property of health information technology
Authors: Sayeed Raheel , Gottlieb Daniel , Mandl Kenneth D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA patient-centered health system needs precise computable measurements to derive value. While validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in trials, their adoption in care remains limited and generally separated from the medical record. Further, absence of systematic processes for patient-led data submission excludes valuable data from digital devices that can potentially aid in contextualizing health status. With prior experience in developing apps for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), we sought to make collecting patient-generated health data (PGHD) a fundamental property of health information technology at scale, and in an interoperable, standards-compliant fashion. We build upon the open SMART on FHIR (Fast Health Interoperability Resources) specification to create SMART Markers—a mobile device software framework encapsulating functionality needed for rapid deployment of both patient- and practitioner-facing PGHD apps. We refactored previously developed PROMIS apps to use SMART Markers for handling PGHD-request creation, on-device administration, and generation of a variety of PGHD types and submission of results to a FHIR server. Validation and conformance tests were performed on the generated output and app-reusability was demonstrated across two demo servers. App developers can import SMART Markers into their existing or new apps to readily leverage an interoperable PGHD capturing functionality out of the box, without having to reinvent the wheel. Our approach enables the creation of health system integrated, context-specific experiences for both patients and practitioners.
Hunting for open clusters in Gaia DR2: 582 new open clusters in the Galactic disc
Authors: Castro-Ginard A. , Jordi C. , Luri X. , Álvarez Cid-Fuentes J. , Casamiquela L. , Anders F. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Monguió M. , Balaguer-Núñez L. , Solà S. , Badia R. M. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Open clusters are key targets for studies of Galaxy structure and evolution, and stellar physics. Since the Gaia data release 2 (DR2), the discovery of undetected clusters has shown that previous surveys were incomplete.
Aims. Our aim is to exploit the Big Data capabilities of machine learning to detect new open clusters in Gaia DR2, and to complete the open cluster sample to enable further studies of the Galactic disc.
Methods. We use a machine-learning based methodology to systematically search the Galactic disc for overdensities in the astrometric space and identify the open clusters using photometric information. First, we used an unsupervised clustering algorithm, DBSCAN, to blindly search for these overdensities in Gaia DR2 (l, b, ϖ, μα*, μδ), and then we used a deep learning artificial neural network trained on colour–magnitude diagrams to identify isochrone patterns in these overdensities, and to confirm them as open clusters.
Results. We find 582 new open clusters distributed along the Galactic disc in the region |b| < 20°. We detect substructure in complex regions, and identify the tidal tails of a disrupting cluster UBC 274 of ∼3 Gyr located at ∼2 kpc.
Conclusions. Adapting the mentioned methodology to a Big Data environment allows us to target the search using the physical properties of open clusters instead of being driven by computational limitations. This blind search for open clusters in the Galactic disc increases the number of known open clusters by 45%.
Primärer Megaureter beim Neugeborenen – die passagere externe Harnableitung – ein Plädoyer
Authors: Rübben Iris , Vester Udo 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff des Megaureters bedeutet, dass ein Harnleiter eine Erweiterung aufweist, unabhängig von der zugrundeliegenden anatomischen Pathologie. Erweiterte Ureteren vom Typ I und II gemäß der Klassifikation nach Pfister und Hendren normalisieren sich im Verlauf der ersten Lebensjahre spontan, während stark dilatierte Systeme des Pfister Hendren Typ III keine Maturationsfähigkeit haben. Bezogen auf diese besondere Gruppe der Typ III Megaureteren empfehlen wir ein 2-zeitiges operatives Vorgehen: Erstens legen wir in einer frühzeitigen Operation eine splintfreie temporäre Ureterocutaneostomie zur Desobstruktion an und zweitens führen wir den eigentlichen Korrektureingriff mit zeitgleicher Aufhebung des inkontinenten Harnleiterhautstomas um den ersten Geburtstag durch, ein Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Blasenfunktion gereift ist. Durch dieses Vorgehen sind sonografische Verlaufskontrollen bis zum 1. Lebensjahr ausreichend und werden vor der definitiven Korrekturoperation mit Stomaverschluss durch eine Miktionszysturethrografie (MCU) zum Refluxausschluss und ggf. eine MAG-3-Szintigrafie ergänzt.
Analysis of Retinal Vessel Pulsation with Electrographic Gating – Pulsation Amplitude and the Influence of Hyperoxia
Authors: Saruhan Yasemin , Bollinger Olivia , Gugleta Konstantin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose To analyse the amplitude of vessel pulsation in the retina and to determine whether constriction of the vessels by oxygen would decrease their pulsation amplitude and could thus be used to quantify the rigidity of the retinal vessels.
Patients and Methods The study included 20 healthy young subjects. With the RVA (retinal vessel analyser), we aimed to quantify vessel pulsations under normal and hyperoxic conditions. Electrocardiographic (ECG)-gated RVA was used for this purpose, with change in vessel pulsation as the primary endpoint and shift in vessel pulsation during the heart cycle as the secondary endpoint. Furthermore, we assessed the correlation between the amplitude of retinal vessel wall pulsation and blood pressure. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and correlation analysis were applied.
Results Retinal veins in proximity to the optic disc demonstrated the highest pulsation amplitude under all conditions. All retinal vessels significantly constricted under hyperoxic conditions. There was no significant change in the amplitude of vessel pulsation nor a significant shift in the pulsation cycle under hyperoxic conditions in the examined cohort. No correlation was found between systemic blood pressure parameters and amplitude of retinal vessel wall pulsation or any change in this.
Conclusion ECG-gated RVA recording is not able to detect any relevant change in vessel pulsation behaviour under oxygen, despite clearly observed vasoconstriction in retinal vessels. New approaches are necessary to reliably quantify the rigidity of the retinal vessels.
Evolutionary Conservation of MKRN3 and Other Makorins and Their Roles in Puberty Initiation and Endocrine Functions
Authors: Naulé Lydie , Kaiser Ursula B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPuberty is a critical period of development regulated by genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The role of makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) in the regulation of pubertal timing was revealed when loss-of-function mutations were identified in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP). To date, MKRN3 mutations are the most common known genetic cause of CPP. MKRN3 is a member of the makorin family of ubiquitin ligases, together with MKRN1 and MKRN2. The Mkrn genes have been identified in both vertebrates and invertebrates and show high evolutionary conservation of their gene and protein structures. While the existence of Mkrn orthologues in a wide spectrum of species suggests a vital cellular role of the makorins, their role in puberty initiation and endocrine functions is just beginning to be investigated. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have shown the involvement of Mkrn3 and other makorins in the regulation of pubertal development and other endocrine functions, including metabolism and fertility, as well as their underlying mechanisms of action.
Morphological Variations in the Anatomy of Caecum and Appendix - A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Banerjee Arindom , Kumar I. Anil , Tapadar Arunabha , Pranay M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Appendicitis is one of the most common clinical conditions that require emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical location of appendix can result in different clinical presentations. Anatomical and topographical variations of the caecum are also known to occur. Anatomical variations in caecum have been observed along with the appendix in this study. Aims: To study the variations in the size, shape, position and arterial supply of the caecum and appendix in individuals of different sex and age, a thorough knowledge of which will aid surgeons in performing various abdominal operations in adults and children. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 25 adult cadavers over a period of 3 years. The anatomy of caecum and appendix was studied in detail. Results : The normal position of caecum and appendix in adult cadavers was found to be in the right iliac fossa. In all specimens the shape of caecum was adult (ampullary) type and it was supplied normally in all cases from a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. The appendix was found in the retro-caecal position in majority of cases with a complete meso-appendix in four and an additional blood supply via the artery of Sesachalam was found in two cases. Conclusions: Vermiform appendix is characterized by variability of its location and morphology. The ultimate position of the appendix is influenced by the changes in position and shape which the caecum undergoes during development and growth. The present study observed the appendix and caecum to be found in their normal positions in majority of cases. The average length of caecum and appendix was found to be more in males as compared with females. Appendicitis is one of the most common diseases that need emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical position cause different clinical presentations. A thorough knowledge of normal anatomy and variations of the caecum and appendix is very important to the surgeon performing abdominal operations in adults, children and infants as it helps them to make optimal diagnosis of various pathological conditions related to these organs and treat accordingly.
Bony Canals Along The Course of Middle Meningeal Artery In Dry Skulls
Authors: Aggarwal Bindu , Gupta Madhur , Kumar Harsh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : The middle meningeal artery courses in the middle cranial fossa and divides into two or three branches. The branches of the artery are sometimes enclosed within a bony canal. The artery and its branches are likely to get tom in cases of epidural hematomas and may require ligation. Aims: The aim of the study is to report the variations in the branching pattern of middle meningeal artery and incidence of bony canals along the course of these branches. Materials: The study material consisted of 77 bases of dry skulls (154 sides) and the findings were supplemented with dissection of four cadaveric skulls. Results and Conclusions : The length of stem of middle meningeal artery, from foramen spinosum to its division into branches varied from 0.56 to 5.83 mm on the right side and 0.58- 7.53mm on the left. The mean length of the stem was 3.04 on the right side and 3.01 on the left (S D ± 1.4). The middle meningeal artery divided into anterior and posterior branches in all the sides of skull. A middle branch constituting a third branch of middle meningeal artery was observed in 44.15% (68 sides) which arose either from its anterior 35.29% (24 sides) or posterior branch 64.71 % (44 sides). Bony canals were observed in 39.61 % (61 sides). The anterior branch was enclosed in a bony canal in 37.66% (58 sides) and the posterior branch in 1.94% (3 sides). The variations in the course, branching pattern and bony canals along middle meningeal artery are of clinical significance while treating extradural and subdural hemorrhages as due to these variations and presence of bony canal in course of middle meningeal artery, ligation of the vessel may be totally or partially insufficient.
Bilateral Variation of Forearm Flexor Muscles - A Case Report and Clinical Significance
Authors: Malar D. ,   Hemamalini
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring routine dissection, bilateral multiple variations of forearm flexor muscles were observed in a male cadaver. The variations were a) an additional belly arising from the coronoid process of ulna, distal to the origin of ulnar head of flexor digitorum superficialis, passing deep to flexor digitorum superficialis and joining the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus to the middle finger; b) an additional belly arising from the distal part of flexor carpi ulnaris and passing superficial to ulnar nerve and ulnar vessels in the Guyon's canal and c) the origin of second lumbricals from the profundus tendon in the carpal tunnel. An aberrant muscle may stimulate a ganglion or a soft tissue tumor or if in close proximity to a nerve, it may cause pressure neuritis. Identification of these variations is important in defining the anatomical features for clinical diagnosis and surgical procedures.
A communicating artery between axillary and radial artery - a case report
Authors: N. Komala , N. Aruna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVariations in the branching pattern of axillary artery have been observed quite frequently. In a male cadaver aged around 45 years allotted for undergraduate dissection a communicating artery between axillary and radial artery was found on the right side during routine dissection. Such arterial variations are important for clinicians in angiographic examinations, removes ambiguity during diagnostic interventions and surgical procedures. Thereby it ensures competency and reduces complications in cardiac catheterization, pedicle flaps, arterial grafting etc.
A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult humeri of South Indian subjects
Authors: Halagatti Manjunath S , Rangasubhe Pramod 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Vascular insults to the humerus either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is worth to find the number and size of nutrient foramina. The know ledge regarding the nutrien foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured fragments. Objectives: To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of humerus,to note variations in number, direction and size of the nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of humerus and number of vascular foramina and nutrient foramina. Materials and methods : The study was undertaken on 200 dry normal dult humerus bones. Observations were made using Hepburn's osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results: The location of nutrient foramen was more in the middle 113rd of antero-medial surface. Majority of humeri showed one nutrient foramen, whereas there were 2 to 3 foramina in few humeri. Conclusion: This study will help in planning the surgical treatment of fracture of humerus which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications.
Ostium maxillare accessorium - a morphologic study
Authors: Patil Manjula , KY Manjunath 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : The "Osteomeatal complex" of the middle meatus contains the primary maxillary opening as well as in few cases the 'accessory maxillary ostia'. An ostium leading to maxillary sinus apart from the primary maxillary opening is defined as accessory maxillary ostia. Location of accessory maxillary ostia is more advantageous than primary maxillary opening. Accessory maxillary ostia can be utilized to approach the maxillary sinus in cases of difficulty in approaching the primary maxillary opening. The present study was undertaken to study the morphological variations of accessory maxillary ostia in human cadavers. Material and methods : Forty two sagittal sections of the human cadavers were studied for the incidence, location, number, shape, size and laterality of accessory maxillary ostia. Results : Accessory maxillary ostia were found in 26% of the specimens. Of these 55.54% were found in anterior fontanelle and 45.45% in the posterior fontanelle. Shape varied from oval to round and dimensions 1.33 to 5.6mm antero-posteriorly and 1.07 to 2.55mm vertically. Accessory maxillary ostia were frequently observed unilaterally. Conclusion : Accessory maxillary ostia when present can be utilized during clinical procedures to get access to maxillary sinus in cases of difficulty in approach due to the variation in configuration of uncinate process or bulla ethmoidalis. Morphology of accessory maxillary ostia can thus be a valuable source of information to the endoscopic surgeons operating on the maxillary sinus.
Bilateral linguofacial trunk - a case report
Authors: Desai Shankreppa D , Nuchhi Ashwini B , Karjagi Santoshkumar B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, a unique case of anomalous origin of linguofacial trunk from both the right and left external carotid arteries with no looping of lingual artery in its course and relative higher division of right common carotid artery at C3 vertebral level was observed. Although variations in the external carotid artery origin and branches are not uncommon it is necessary to document as these variations may increase the risk of accidental vascular trauma during head and neck surgeries. And this knowledge is also important for radiologists in the image interpretation of carotid arterial system.
Lisinopril-Induced Angioedema in a Patient with Plasma Prekallikrein Deficiency
Authors: Dasgupta Swapan K. , Rivera Stefanie , Thiagarajan Perumal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are extensively prescribed to treat patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. A small fraction of these patients (approximately 0.7%) develop angioedema, manifested by swelling of the lips and oropharynx. Angioedema of oropharynx is a medical emergency that can lead to asphyxiation and death. The angioedema is due to bradykinin generated from high molecular weight kininogen by kallikrein, which is derived from plasma prekallikrein by action of the factor XIIa, factor Xia, or prolylcarboxypeptidase. Bradykinin induces vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. ACE is the major degrading enzyme of bradykinin in the intravascular department. ACE inhibitors inhibit the proteolytic inactivation of bradykinin. We report a patient with oropharyngeal angioedema associated with an ACE inhibitor with complete absence of plasma prekallikrein due to homozygous mutation (Ser97PhefsTer173).
Silicon micro pyramidal syringe array for electrospinning spiral shape single fiber
Authors: Masouleh Mahsa Madadi , Moghadam Reza Askari , Koohsorkhi Javad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, a new method is presented to fabricate spiral shape single fiber. The micro-needle array (40 μm hole diameter, 80 μm outer diameter, and 100 μm height) is utilized instead of the needle to reduce the diameter of fibers which are electrospun from 23Wt% PVP concentration. In order to have fine and bead-free fibers, the structural parameters of the micro-needle array and space which close microneedles act as an individual one are simulated. The Wet and Dry Etching techniques are used for fabrication of micro-needles. The experimental setup consists of the stepper motor and micrometer head as the pump, distance controller, and voltage generator. The single fiber can be electrospun by applying 1–3 kV bias within 1 mm gap between micro-needle and collector. Using nonconductive collector causes the formation of spiral type single fiber instead of agglomerate fiber. Elastic and expulsion forces in charged fibers seem to be the main reasons of fiber separation and spiral shape formation. The spiral shape fiber is made without traditional lithography techniques like direct patterning or contact exposure which are more expensive and time-consuming. The alteration in the fiber pattern can be seen by changing the applied voltage and spinneret, microneedle and needle. After various experiments, spirality pattern electrospun by microneedle with 10–15 μm and 15–35 μm distribution area of first and second circles and 500–570 nm and 570–660 nm diameter of first and second circles is gained as the structure with minimum distribution area and fiber width. This structure is created when the applied voltage and distance between microneedle and collector are 1kV and 1 mm.
Exploration of databases and methods supporting drug repurposing: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Tanoli Ziaurrehman , Seemab Umair , Scherer Andreas , Wennerberg Krister , Tang Jing , Vähä-Koskela Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrug development involves a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action and possible side effects of each drug, and sometimes results in the identification of new and unexpected uses for drugs, termed as drug repurposing. Both in case of serendipitous observations and systematic mechanistic explorations, confirmation of new indications for a drug requires hypothesis building around relevant drug-related data, such as molecular targets involved, and patient and cellular responses. These datasets are available in public repositories, but apart from sifting through the sheer amount of data imposing computational bottleneck, a major challenge is the difficulty in selecting which databases to use from an increasingly large number of available databases. The database selection is made harder by the lack of an overview of the types of data offered in each database. In order to alleviate these problems and to guide the end user through the drug repurposing efforts, we provide here a survey of 102 of the most promising and drug-relevant databases reported to date. We summarize the target coverage and types of data available in each database and provide several examples of how multi-database exploration can facilitate drug repurposing.