bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the national standards of air kerma between the PTB and the CPHR for selected x-ray qualities used in radiation protection, diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy (COOMET.RI(I)-S4)
Authors: Büermann Ludwig , Walwyn-Salas Gonzalo , Romero-Acosta Andy L 
Published: January 2020

The air kerma calibration coefficients of a set of four transfer ionization chambers and the air kerma-length product calibration coefficients for a set of two transfer pencil-type ionization chambers were compared at the PTB, Germany, and the CPHR, Cuba, for 15 selected radiation qualities as used in mammography, general diagnostic radiology, computed tomography, radiation therapy and radiation protection. The CPHR performed its measurements in the period January to September 2017 and the PTB before (November 2016) and after (December 2017) that period. The comparison results for the selected beam qualities expressed as the ratio of calibration coefficients were in the range (0.98-1.01) and mostly (12 out of 18) consistent within the relative standard uncertainty of the comparison which ranged between 0.6 % and 1 %. Five results were within the extended (k=2) standard uncertainty. One result deviated relatively by 1.9%. A possible reason for the larger deviation is discussed. The results are published in the Key Comparison Data Base (KCDB) of the BIPM as supplementary comparison COOMET.RI(I)-S4.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Characterisation of negative ion beam focusing based on phase space structure
Authors: Haba Yasuaki , Nagaoka Kenichi , Tsumori Katsuyoshi , Kisaki Masashi , Nakano Haruhisa , Ikeda Katsunori , Osakabe Masaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Negative ion beam focusing is a key element for advanced applications of negative ion beams such as accelerators for particle physics, compact accelerators for medical fields, and plasma experiments for nuclear fusion because complicated magnetic fields exist both inside of the source plasma and the grid system. In order to understand the beam focusing, phase space structure measurements for a single beamlet have been performed with a research-and-development negative ion source at the National Institute for Fusion Science. A complicated phase space structure is observed in the direction parallel to the filter magnetic field in the vicinity of the plasma grid, while a single-Gaussian beamlet structure is observed in the direction perpendicular to the filter field. Detailed analyses for the phase space structure of the single beamlet reveal that the complicated structure can be identified as a combination of three beam components with different beam axes. The shifts of each axis are also observed to depend on the ratio of the acceleration voltage for the extraction voltage, which may significantly degrade the beamlet focusing.
Genuine temporal correlations can certify the quantum dimension
Authors: Spee Cornelia , Siebeneich Hendrik , Gloger Timm Florian , Kaufmann Peter , Johanning Michael , Kleinmann Matthias , Wunderlich Christof , Gühne Otfried 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Temporal correlations in quantum mechanics are the origin of several non-classical phenomena, but they depend on the dimension of the underlying quantum system. This allows one to use such correlations for the certification of a minimal Hilbert space dimension. Here we provide a theoretical proposal and an experimental implementation of a device-independent dimension test, using temporal correlations observed on a single trapped 171Yb+ ion. Our test goes beyond the prepare-and-measure scheme of previous approaches, demonstrating the advantage of genuine temporal correlations.
Estimates of distributed coding of visual objects by single neurons in the human brain depend on which spike sorting technique is used
Authors: Steinmetz Peter N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective. To determine whether the estimated fraction and degree of distribution of visual responsive neurons in human intracranial microwire recordings depends upon the spike sorting method used. Approach. A large dataset of human intracranial microwire recordings from four brain areas was sorted into single unit activity (SUA) and multiunit activity (MUA) using 4 spike sorting methods previously applied to this type of recording. The responses were examined for visual responses to 33 objects which were presented. Main results. The 4 spike sorting techniques examined here yielded fractions of responsive SUA varying from 8% in the left anterior cingulate cortex to 27% in the right amgdala. The fraction of responsive SUA and MUA depended on the type of spike sorting being used as well as brain area and side being recorded from. Agreement between spike sorting techniques was low (0.04–0.16 on the 0–1 AMIall scale). Significance. Prior estimates of the fraction of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe coding semantic memory of visual objects have yielded fractions ranging from 0.04% by very strict response criteria to 47% by other criteria. A variety of explanations of these differences have been posited, including differences in the type of memory being tested, differences in visual stimuli, as well as technical differences such as spike sorting techniques. This study shows the dependence of the reported fraction of neurons encoding visual objects on the spike sorting technique employed and confirms a distributed representation of visual objects by single neurons in the human brain. Both the variation in the responsive fractions with spike sorting technique and low levels of agreement between techniques highlight the need for better understanding of the signals being extracted in human intracranial microwire recordings.
Annual modulation of the atmospheric muon flux measured by the OPERA experiment
Authors: Mauri N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The OPERA experiment, designed to search for νμ
→ντ
oscillations, reached its main goal by observing the appearance of ντ
in the CNGS νμ
beam. Thanks to its location in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, under 3800 m.w.e., it has also been exploited as an observatory for TeV muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In this paper the preliminary measurement of the annual modulation of the atmospheric muon flux with the OPERA detector is reported.
Gravity and antimatter: the AEgIS experiment at CERN
Authors: Pagano D. , Aghion S. , Amsler C. , Bonomi G. , Brusa R. S. , Caccia M. , Caravita R. , Castelli F. , Cerchiari G. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Demetrio A. , Noto L.Di , Doser M. , Evans A. , Fani M. , Ferragut R. , Fesel J. , Fontana A. , Gerber S. , Giammarchi M. , Gligorova A. , Guatieri F. , Haider S. , Hinterberger A. , Holmestad H. , Kellerbauer A. , Khalidova O. , Krasnický D. , Lagomarsino V. , Lansonneur P. , Lebrun P. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Marton J. , Matveev V. , Mazzotta Z. , Müller S. R. , Nebbia G. , Nedelec P. , Oberthaler M. , Pacifico N. , Penasa L. , Petracek V. , Prelz F. , Prevedelli M. , Ravelli L. , Rienaecker B. , Robert J. , Røhne O.M. , Rotondi A. , Sandaker H. , Santoro R. , Smestad L. , Sorrentino F. , Testera G. , Tietje I. C. , Widmann E. , Yzombard P. , Zimmer C. , Zmeskal J. , Zurlo N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
From the experimental point of view, very little is known about the gravitational interaction between matter and antimatter. In particular, the Weak Equivalence Principle, which is of paramount importance for the General Relativity, has not yet been directly probed with antimatter. The main goal of the AEgIS experiment at CERN is to perform a direct measurement of the gravitational force on antimatter. The idea is to measure the vertical displacement of a beam of cold antihydrogen atoms, traveling in the gravitational field of the Earth, by the means of a moiré deflectometer. An overview of the physics goals of the experiment, of its apparatus and of the first results is presented.
High energy neutrino astronomy with KM3NeT
Authors: Sapienza Piera 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The KM3NeT Collaboration aims at the observation of high neutrino sources in the Universe and at the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy. This talk is focused on ARCA. The deployment of the first Detection Units at 3500 m depth offshore CapoPassero (Italy) started and two are in operation. ARCA will made of two buildings blocks made of 115 Detection Units corresponding to an instrumented volume of about 1 km3 and will provide a very large coverage of the neutrino sky - 87% for up going muon neutrinos). The superior angular resolution, 0.1°at energy higher of 10 TeV, will be important for source search. In this talk the detector technology, status and perspectives for detection of high energy neutrinos signals from different candidate sources are discussed.
Geoneutrinos from the rock overburden at SNO+
Authors: Strati V. , Wipperfurth S.A. , Baldoncini M. , McDonough W.F. , Gizzi S. , Mantovani F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
SNOLAB is one of the deepest underground laboratory in the world with an overburden of 2092 m. The SNO+ detector is designed to achieve several fundamental physics goals as a low-background experiment, particularly measuring the Earth’s geoneutrino flux. Here we evaluate the effect of the 2 km overburden on the predicted crustal geoneutrino signal at SNO+. A refined 3D model of the 50 χ 50 km upper crust surrounding the detector and a full calculation of survival probability are used to model the U and Th geoneutrino signal. Comparing this signal with that obtained by placing SNO+ at sea level, we highlight a 1.4+1.8
-0.9 TNU signal difference, corresponding to the ~5% of the total crustal contribution. Finally, the impact of the additional crust extending from sea level up to ~300 m was estimated.
Atmospheric Neutrino and Proton Decay Results in Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Okumura Kimihiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Super-Kamiokande (SK) is a 50 kiloton water Cherenkov detector aiming for the detection of several physics such as solar, atmospheric, astrophysical neutrinos, proton decay, WIMP dark matter, etc. It has been running over 20 years since 1996, and achieved several remarkable outcomes in the field of the particle and astrophysics, one of which is the discovery of the neutrino oscillation, bringing the Nobel Prize in physics 2015. SK still accumulates a large number of neutrino events, and simultaneously the physic target and its sensitivity are extended along with the improvement of the analysis method, such as event reconstruction and background rejection. One of the strong motivations for the atmospheric neutrino oscillation measurement is to measure the mass ordering (hierarchy) between ½
2 and ½
3. The atmospheric neutrino is sensitive to the mass hierarchy with help of the matter effect which is given when passing through the Earth. We have performed a detailed analysis to discriminate small signature of the mass hierarchy due to the matter effect. Proton decay is a direct signature anticipated by the grand unified theory (GUT) which is the physics beyond the standard model. Though the major decay modes and GUT models are excluded by the past searches, the efforts to search a glimpse of the proton decay signal are being continued with better event reconstruction and analysis method. In this paper the recent results of the atmospheric neutrino measurement and proton decay search using the most updated dataset taken until 2017 spring are described.
Overview of Project 8 and Progress Towards Tritium Operation
Authors: Pettus Walter C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Project 8 is a tritium endpoint neutrino mass experiment utilizing a phased program to achieve sensitivity to the range of neutrino masses allowed by the inverted mass hierarchy. The Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) technique is employed to measure the differential energy spectrum of decay electrons with high precision. We present an overview of the Project 8 experimental program, from first demonstration of the CRES technique to ultimate sensitivity with an atomic tritium source. We highlight recent advances in preparation for the first measurement of the continuous tritium spectrum with CRES.
Latest oscillation results from T2K
Authors: Scott Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built to measure νμ
disappearance and νe appearance using the J-PARC neutrino beam and the Super-Kamiokande detector. Presented here are the first results in the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations with a combined analysis of appearance and disappearance channels using data from both neutrino- and antineutrino-mode beams. The data included in this analysis comprises 7.48×1020 protons on target in neutrino mode, giving 37 electron-like and 135 muon-like events at the far detector, and 7.47 × 1020 protons on target in antineutrino mode, giving 4 electron-like and 66 muon-like events. Including a constraint on sin2(2θ13) from reactor measurements, the 90% confidence interval for δCP
spans the range [-2.95, -0.44] for the normal mass hierarchy.
Neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca studied by CaF2(pure) scintillators
Authors: Umehara S. , Kishimoto T. , Nomachi M. , Ajimura S. , Takemoto Y. , Chan W. M. , Takihira K. , Matsuoka K. , Nakatani N. , Trang V. T. T. , Yoshida S. , Wang W. , Chan W. M. , Maeda T. , Ohata T. , Tetsuno K. , Lee K. , Lee X. , Shokati M. , Temuge B. , Akutagawa K. , Kanagawa K. , Katagiri S. , Khai B. T. , Tsuzuki M. , Yotsunaga N. , Moser M. , Ishikawa M. , Kino H. , Kinoshita E. , Sato Y. , Tamagawa Y. , Ogawa I. , Nakajima K. , Tozawa M. , Dokaku F. , Hiyama T. , Takahashi N. , Teranishi K. , Hiraoka H. , Kawasaki K. , Sato H. , Shamoto K. , Shimada M. , Iida T. , Fushimi K. , Hazama R. , Suzuki K. , Ohsumi H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have studied the neutrino-less double beta decay(0νββ) of 48Ca by using CaF2(pure) scintillators. Analysis for rejection of backgrounds(212Bi→ 212Po events and 208Tl events) was effective to reduce backgrounds in Qββ-value region. No events are observed in the Qββ-value region for the data of 131 days × 86 kg. It gives a lower limit (90% confidence level) of (math) > 6.2 × 1022 year (preliminary) for the half-life of 0νββ of 48Ca.
Solar neutrinos at keV energies: thermal flux1
Authors: Vitagliano Edoardo , Redondo Javier , Raffelt Georg 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The neutrino flux at Earth is dominated in the keV energy range by the neutrinos produced in the Sun through thermal processes, namely photo production, bremsstrahlung, plasmon decay, and emission in free-bound and bound-bound transitions of partially ionized elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Such a component of the neutrino flux is conspicuously absent from popular analyses of the all-sources spectrum at Earth, whereas if detected it could be a source of information about solar physics. Moreover, it would be the relevant background for keV-mass sterile neutrino dark matter direct searches.
Higgs alignment of visible and dark gauge groups
Authors: Dick Rainer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We discuss a dark family of lepton-like particles with their own “private” gauge bosons वμ
and धμ
under a local SU’(2) × U’(1) symmetry. The product of dark and visible gauge groups SU’(2) × U’(1) × SUw
(2) × UY
(1) is broken dynamically to the diagonal (vector-like) subgroup SU(2) × U(1) through the coupling of two fields (math) to the Higgs field and the dark lepton-like particles. This defines a new Higgs portal, where the “dark leptons” can contribute to the dark matter and interact with Standard Model matter through Higgs exchange.
WIMP search from XMASS-I fiducial volume data with background prediction
Authors: Takeda Atsushi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
XMASS-I is a single-phase liquid xenon detector located underground in Kamioka Observatory mainly aiming direct detection of dark matter. We performed a WIMP search in a fiducial volume containing 96.5 kg liquid xenon using 705.9 live days of data between November 2013 and March 2016. All events remaining in the fiducial volume after data reduction were consistent with only background prediction from careful evaluation of it. In conclusion, a 90% confidence level upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.2×10−44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2 was derived.
Radiogenic neutron background predictions in DEAP-3600 and in situ measurements
Authors: Westerdale S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Neutron-induced backgrounds are among the dominant backgrounds in many low-background experiments. One of the main processes that produce these neutrons is the (α,n) reaction occurring in detector components. We present NeuCBOT, a new tool for calculating (α,n) yields and neutron energy spectra in arbitrary materials. By combining NeuCBOT calculations with ex situ measurements of the radioactive contamination of detector components, we predict the neutron backgrounds in the DEAP-3600 WIMP detector.
The LUNA-MV facility at Gran Sasso
Authors: Prati Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
About 25 year ago LUNA (laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) opened the era of underground nuclear astrophysics installing a home-made 50 kV ion accelerator under the Gran Sasso mountain. A second machine, with a terminal voltage of 400 kV, was then installed and it is still in operation. Most of the processes so far investigated were connected to the physics of solar neutrinos and hence to the hydrogen burning phase in stars. The interest in next and warmers stages of star evolution (i.e. helium and carbon burning) pushed a new project based on an ion accelerator in the MV range called LUNA-MV. Thanks to a special grant of the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR), INFN is now building, inside one of the major halls at Gran Sasso, a new facility which will host a 3.5 MV single-ended accelerator able to deliver proton, helium and carbon beams with intensity in the mA range.
PandaX-III: Searching for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with High Pressure Gaseous Time Projection Chambers
Authors: Han Ke 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The PandaX-III (Particle And Astrophysical Xenon Experiment III) experiment will search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) of 136Xe at the China Jin-Ping underground Laboratory II (CJPL-II). In the first phase of the experiment, a high pressure gas Time Projection Chamber (TPC) will contain 200 kg, 90% 136Xe enriched gas operated at 10 bar. Microbulk Micromegas, a fine pitch micro-pattern gas detector, will be used for charge readout and enable us to reconstruct tracks of NLDBD events with good energy and spatial resolution. With simulation, we demonstrate excellent background suppression capability with tracking information. In this proceeding, we will give an overview of recent progress of PandaX-III, including data taking of a 20 kg scale prototype TPC.
Results of the first NaI scintillating calorimeter prototypes by COSINUS
Authors: Reindl F , Angloher G , Carniti P , Cassina L , Gironi L , Gotti C , Gütlein A , Maino M , Mancuso M , Marco N Di , Pagnanini L , Pessina G , Petricca F , Pirro S , Pröbst F , Puig R , Schäffner K. , Schieck J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Over almost three decades the TAUP conference has seen a remarkable momentum gain in direct dark matter search. An important accelerator were first indications for a modulating signal rate in the DAMA/NaI experiment (today DAMA/LIBRA) reported in 1997. Today the presence of an annual modulation observed by DAMA, which matches in period and phase the expectation for dark matter, is doubtless and supported at > 9σ confidence. Despite the positive evidence from the DAMA experiment the underlying nature of dark matter is still considered an open and fundamental question of nowadays particle physics. No other direct dark matter search experiment could confirm the DAMA claim up to now; moreover, numerous null-results are in clear contradiction with DAMA under so-called standard assumptions for the dark matter halo and the interaction mechanism of dark with ordinary matter. As both bear a dependence on the target material, resolving this controversial situation will convincingly only be possible with an experiment using sodium iodide (NaI) as target, just like DAMA. COSINUS aims to even go a step further by combining NaI with a novel detection approach. DAMA and all other NaI experiments solely measure the scintillation light created by a particle interaction in the NaI crystal. COSINUS aims to operate NaI as a cryogenic calorimeter reading scintillation light and phonon/heat signal. Two distinct advantages arise from this approach, a substantially lower energy threshold for nuclear recoils and particle identification on an event-by-event basis. These key benefits will allow COSINUS to clarify a possible nuclear recoil origin of the DAMA signal with comparatively little exposure of O(100kg days) and, thereby, answer a long-standing question of particle physics. Today COSINUS is in R&D phase; in this contribution we show results from the 2nd prototype, albeit the first one of the final foreseen detector design. The key finding of this measurement is that pure, undoped NaI is a truly excellent scintillator at low temperatures: We measure 13.1% of the total deposited energy in the NaI crystal in the form of scintillation light (in the light detector).
Stimulated X-rays in resonant atom Majorana mixing
Authors: Segarra A , Bernabéu J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Massive neutrinos demand to ask whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. Majorana neutrinos are an irrefutable proof of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinoless double electron capture is not a process but a virtual ΔL = 2 mixing between a parent A
Z atom and a daughter
A
(Z — 2) excited atom with two electron holes. As a mixing between two neutral atoms and the observable signal in terms of emitted two-hole X-rays, the strategy, experimental signature and background are different from neutrinoless double beta decay. The mixing is resonantly enhanced for almost degeneracy and, under these conditions, there is no irreducible background from the standard two-neutrino channel. We reconstruct the natural time history of a nominally stable parent atom since its production either by nature or in the laboratory. After the time periods of atom oscillations and the decay of the short-lived daughter atom, at observable times the relevant “stationary” states are the mixed metastable long-lived state and the short-lived excited state, as well as the ground state of the daughter atom. Their natural population inversion is most appropriate for exploiting the bosonic nature of the observed X-rays by means of stimulating X-ray beams. Among different observables of the atom Majorana mixing, we include the enhanced rate of stimulated X-ray emission from the long-lived metastable state by a high-intensity X-ray beam. A gain factor of 100 can be envisaged in a facility like European XFEL.
Storytelling and Science Communication: how to turn (A, Z) → (A, Z + 2) + 2e− + 2v̄e into a story
Authors: Cheu Hoi F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This outreach workshop explains why narrative structure matters in communicating science to the public. It demonstrates the technique by converting a piece of textbook style introduction to an experiment of underground physics (SNO+’s Double Beta Decay study with 130Te) into a story for the general public.