bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology, infectious agents and horse‐ and management‐level risk factors associated with signs of respiratory disease in Ethiopian working horses
Authors: Laing Gabrielle , Christley Robert , Stringer Andrew , Ashine Tibebu , Cian Francesco , Aklilu Nigatu , Newton Richard , Radford Alan , Pinchbeck Gina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory disease is a common cause for presentation of working horses to clinics in Ethiopia and a priority concern for owners.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for and association of pathogens with respiratory signs in working horses.Study designUnmatched case‐control study.MethodsCases were those animals recently coughing (last 7 days) or observed with coughing, nasal discharge or altered respiration at the time of examination. A physical exam and respiratory endoscopy were performed including a tracheal wash sample to detect the presence of pathogens and serology performed on blood. An owner questionnaire was administered. Risk factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsData on 108 cases and 93 unmatched control horses were obtained. Case horses often had underlying lower airway pathology and were significantly more likely to have Streptococcus zooepidemicus detected (OR: 12.4, 95% CI: 3.6‐42.4). There was no evidence of a major role for viral respiratory pathogens. Risk factors included completion of strenuous work (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2‐6.3), drinking from stagnant water sources (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0‐5.2) or being housed on a cobbled floor (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.8). There were increased odds of respiratory disease in young and old horses in this population.Main limitationsSamples for pathogen detection and cytology were only taken from the trachea.ConclusionS. zooepidemicus, a common commensal, may play a role in clinical respiratory disease in this population.
Drug interactions between emergency contraceptive drugs and cytochrome inducers: literature review and quantitative prediction
Authors: Le Corvaisier Claire , Capelle Aude , France Mathilde , Bourguignon Laurent , Tod Michel , Goutelle Sylvain 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe emergency contraceptive drugs (EC), levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), are sensitive substrates of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In 2016, the label of LNG was updated based on a drug–drug interaction (DDI) study showing a significant decrease in LNG exposure when co‐administered with efavirenz, a known CYP3A4 inducer. DDI between UPA and CYP3A4 inducers are poorly characterized. The aims of this study were to review quantitative data from the literature on DDI with EC, to provide quantitative predictions of DDI between UPA and CYP3A4 inducers, and to identify moderate and severe DDI that may require a dose adjustment. A literature search was performed on pharmacokinetic DDI of LNG and UPA. Quantitative prediction of DDI with UPA was carried out by using the in vivo mechanistic static model (IMSM). Limited information was available on DDI with emergency contraception drugs. For LNG, data from eleven studies were retrieved, including five known CYP3A4 inducers that confirmed a risk of underexposure to LNG when co‐administered with inducers. For UPA, only three studies were identified, including only one CYP3A4 inducer. The IMSM approach indicated that UPA is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A4, with an estimated contribution of 86% of CYP3A4 to oral clearance. Moderate to severe DDI were predicted in 17 cases with CYP3A4 inducers, and dosage adjustments were suggested. This study illustrates the ability of the IMSM approach to inform about the DDI profile of old and new drugs.
A new role for 14‐3‐3 protein in steroidogenesis
Authors: Obsilova Veronika , Obsil Tomas 
Published: August 2020

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1) is regulated by phosphorylation and 14‐3‐3 protein binding. STARD1 is a key player in cholesterol transport in mitochondria, and its regulation is not fully understood. Tugaeva et al. provide novel insights on the site‐specific phosphorylation and subsequent 14‐3‐3‐dependent regulation of STARD1 function. These results may help us understand the mechanism behind the regulation of steroidogenesis.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15474
Corrosion fatigue and electrochemical behaviour of steel wires used in bridge cables
Authors: Liu Zhongxiang , Guo Tong , Yu Xiaming , Huang Xuelin , Correia José 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn‐service bridge wires often fail prior to the design life subjected to alternating stresses and environmental erosion. In this paper, a novel corrosion fatigue test device, integrating fatigue testing machine and electrochemical accelerated corrosion assemblies, was developed to characterize the corrosion fatigue and electrochemical behaviour of the wires. Using the developed device, corrosion fatigue tests of corroded bridge wires under different corrosion and loading conditions were conducted. Electrochemical characteristics, corrosion fatigue behaviour, failure mechanism, and so forth were investigated according to electrochemical measurements, fracture morphologies and the lifetime of wires. Results evidence the synchronization of corrosion and fatigue and show the accelerated corrosion due to static and fatigue stresses. Additionally, cracking and fracture induced by multiple crack initiation was dominant in corrosion fatigue of corroded wires, and the coexistence of multiple corrosion pits decreased the lifetime significantly.
Communities in high definition: Spatial and environmental factors shape the micro‐distribution of aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Burgazzi Gemma , Laini Alex , Ovaskainen Otso , Saccò Mattia , Stubbington Rachel , Viaroli Pierluigi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccording to metacommunity theories, the structure of natural communities is the result of both environmental filtering and spatial processes, with their relative importance depending on factors including local habitat characteristics, functional features of organisms, and the spatial scale considered. However, few studies have explored environmental and spatial processes in riverine systems at local scales, explicitly incorporating spatial coordinates into multi‐taxa distribution models. To address this gap, we conducted a small‐scale study to discriminate between abiotic and biotic factors affecting the distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates, applying metacommunity concepts.We studied a mountain section in each of three perennial streams within the Po River Basin (northern Italy). We sampled macroinvertebrates both in summer and winter, using specific in situ 50‐point random sampling grids. Environmental factors, including benthic organic matter (BOM), flow velocity, water depth, and substrate were recorded together with spatial coordinates for each sampling point. The relationships between community metrics (taxon richness, abundance, biomass, biomass–abundance ratio, and functional feeding groups) and explanatory variables (environmental and spatial) were assessed using generalised additive models. The influence of the explanatory variables on community structure was analysed with joint species distribution models.Environmental variables—primarily BOM—were the main drivers affecting community metrics, whereas the effects of spatial variables varied among metrics, streams, and seasons. During summer, community structure was strongly affected by BOM and spatial position within the riverbed, the latter probably being a proxy for mass effects mediated by biotic and stochastic processes. In contrast, community structure was mainly shaped by hydraulic variables in winter.Using macroinvertebrate communities as a model group, our results demonstrate that metacommunity concepts can explain small‐scale variability in community structure. We found that both environmental filtering and biotic processes shape local communities, with the strength of these drivers depending on the season. These insights provide baseline knowledge that informs our understanding of ecological responses to environmental variability in contexts including restoration ecology, habitat suitability modelling, and biomonitoring.
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the mandible: A case report
Authors: Coskunses Fatih Mehmet , Cilasun Ülkem , Celik Topcu Pinar , Tokuc Berkay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLymphomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of lymphocytes and their precursor cells. Lymphoma is seen 3.5% of all intraoral malignancies and is the second most common neoplasm after the squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), which is a subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, are seen mostly in the paraoral region.Case presentationAn 82‐year‐old woman was referred with a localised swelling of the mandibular buccal mucosa for 3 months. Excisional biopsy revealed the diagnosis of DLBCL in the mandible and chemotherapy regimen started immediately. However, patient died during treatment.ConclusionsNon‐Hodgkin's lymphomas would be late‐ or misdiagnosed in the perioral region that may result poor prognosis.
The interaction of elite networks in the Pinochet regime's macroeconomic policies
Authors: GAUTIER MORIN JOHANNA , ROSSIER THIERRY 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Chilean military regime offered a prime example of interactions among elite groups in the making of macroeconomic policies. Through the lens of both Bourdieu's field theory and Mills's elite coordination through networks, we show how Chilean elites sought to implement these policies despite being divided by their transnational and national ties. We have constructed an original database on the 62 most influential individuals within the space of macroeconomic policies using a variety of descriptive methods (multiple correspondence analysis, cluster analysis, and social network analysis), only used on very few occasions to study South American elites. We explore the internal divisions in these elites in terms of their orientation to national and transnational capital and biographical trajectories. We identify three groups – high‐ranking military officers, Chicago academic economists, and public and private sector professionals. Military officers were mostly endowed with national assets, while civilian groups relied on transnational resources. Moreover, the Chicago economists, characterized by their transnational and scientific legitimacy, were the closest to influential state positions overall (the Ministry of the Treasury and the Central Bank). Finally, we categorize the same three groups through (national and transnational) network ties. Organizational ties between those groups were significant, particularly among Chicago economists and professionals, which suggests an intense coordination process, facilitated by transnational affiliations and profile.
Modeling and Mapping High Water Table for a Coastal Region in Florida using Lidar DEM Data
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Su Hongbo , Li Tiantian , Liu Weibo , Mitsova Diana , Nagarajan Sudhagar , Teegavarapu Ramesh , Xie Zhixiao , Bloetscher Fred , Yong Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPredicting and mapping high water table elevation in coastal landscapes is critical for both science application projects like inundation risk analysis and engineering projects like pond design and maintenance. Previous studies of water table mapping focused on the application of geostatistical methods, which cannot predict values beyond an observation spatial domain or generate an ideal pattern for regions with sparse measurements. In this study, we evaluated the multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques for high water table prediction and mapping using fine spatial resolution lidar‐derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and designed an application protocol of these two techniques for high water table mapping in a coastal landscape where groundwater, tide, and surface water are related. Testing results showed that SVM largely improved the high water table prediction with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.22 feet and root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.22 feet compared to the application of the ordinary Kriging method which could not generate a reasonable water table. MLR was also promising with a MAE of around 2 feet and RMSE of around 3 feet. The study suggests that both MLR and SVM are valuable alternatives to estimate high water table elevation in Florida. Fine resolution lidar DEMs are beneficial for high water table prediction and mapping.
Identification of new F8 deep intronic variations in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Dericquebourg Amy , Jourdy Yohann , Fretigny Mathilde , Lienhart Anne , Claeyssens Ségolène , Ternisien Catherine , Boisseau Pierre , Rohrlich Pierre‐Simon , Négrier Claude , Vinciguerra Christine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith current molecular diagnosis, about 1 to 5% of haemophilia A (HA) patients remain genetically unresolved. In these cases, deep intronic variation or structural variation disrupting the F8 gene could be causal.AimTo identify the causal variation in four genetically unresolved mild‐to‐severe HA patients using an F8 mRNA analysis approach.MethodsEctopic F8 mRNA analysis was performed in four unrelated HA patients. An in vitro minigene assay was performed in order to confirm the deleterious splicing impact of each variation identified.ResultsIn all probands, mRNA analysis revealed an aberrant splicing pattern, and sequencing of the corresponding intronic region found a deep intronic substitution. Two of these were new variations: c.2113+601G>A and c.1443+602A>G, while the c.143+1567A>G, found in two patients, has previously been reported. The c.1443+602A>G and the c.143+1567A>G variants both led to the creation of a de novo acceptor or donor splice site, respectively. Moreover, the c.143+1567A>G was found in 3/6 patients with genetically unresolved moderate HA registered in our laboratory. Haplotype analysis performed in all patients carrying the c.143+1567A>G variation suggests that this variation could be a recurrent variation. The c.2113+601G>A led to the exonization of a 122‐bp antisense AluY element by increasing the strength of a pre‐existing cryptic 5’ splice site. For each point variation, in vitro splicing analysis confirmed its deleterious impact on splicing of the F8 transcript.ConclusionWe identified three deep intronic variations, leading to an aberrant mRNA splicing process as HA causing variation.
Peripheral, Interictal Serum S100B Levels are Not Increased in Chronic Migraine Patients
Authors: Riesco Nuria , Cernuda‐Morollón Eva , Martínez‐Camblor Pablo , Pérez‐Pereda Sara , Pascual Julio 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe trigemino‐vascular system (TVS) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology. Glial cells are abundant in the TVS system and mainly in the trigeminal ganglion. S100B protein is a calcium‐binding protein, found in the cytoplasm of glial cells in the central nervous system, which is released in response to inflammatory stimuli. Previous works analyzing S100B in migraineurs have offered contradictory results.ObjectiveIn this case‐control study, we analyzed serum levels of S100B as a possible biomarker of the glial TVS activation in chronic migraine (CM).Patients and MethodsThe study group consisted of patients attending our clinic with CM and, as control groups, patients with episodic migraine (EM), cluster headache (CH) outside of a bout and healthy volunteers (HV) with no headache history. S100B levels were determined interictally in peripheral blood samples by ELISA.ResultsWe assessed serum samples from 43 patients with CM, 19 with EM, 29 HV (mostly women), and 22 with (CH). S100B levels in CM (mean 22.9 ± 9.8 pg/mL) were not different (P = .727) when compared to EM patients (21.2 ± 9.3 pg/mL), difference of 1.7 (95% CI −5.7 to 8.9), CH patients (22.4 ± 7.8 pg/mL), difference of 0.5 (−5.7 to 6.7), and HV (20.6 ± 8.3 pg/mL), difference of 2.3 (−3.7 to 8.3).ConclusionIn contrast to other neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene‐related‐peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which are increased in CM, interictal serum S100B levels are not elevated in these patients. According to our results, S100B levels do not seem to be a useful peripheral biomarker of the glial TVS activation in CM.
A national research centre for the evaluation and implementation of person‐centred care: Content from the first interventional studies
Authors: Gyllensten Hanna , Björkman Ida , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Ekman Inger , Jakobsson Sofie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centred care (PCC) has been suggested as a potential means to improve the care of patients with chronic and long‐term disorders. In this regard, a model for PCC was developed by the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC).ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the theoretical frameworks, designs, contexts and intervention characteristics in the first 27 interventional studies conducted based on the ethics for person‐centredness provided by the GPCC.DesignCross‐sectional study.Setting and participantsA questionnaire to the principal investigators of the 27 intervention studies financed by the GPCC and conducted between 2010 and 2016.Main outcome measuresTheoretical frameworks, contexts of studies, person‐centred ethic, and outcome measures.ResultsMost of the interventions were based on the same ethical assumptions for person‐centredness but theories and models in applying the interventions differed. All studies were controlled; 12 randomized and 15 quasi‐experimental. Hospital in‐ and outpatient and primary care settings were represented and the outcome measures were related to the specific theories used. A complexity in designing, introducing and evaluating PCC interventions was evident.ConclusionThe frameworks, designs and interventions in the studies were in line with the established ethical basis of PCC, whereas outcome measures varied widely. Consensus discussions among researchers in the field are needed to make comparisons between studies feasible.Patient or public contributionsPatients or the public made no direct contributions, although most of the studied projects included such initiatives.
Librarians collaborate successfully with nursing faculty and a writing centre to support nursing students doing professional doctorates
Authors: Bernstein Matthew , Roney Linda , Kazer Meredith , Boquet Elizabeth H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explores how a three‐way collaboration between a University library, writing centre and faculty created avenues of training and support for students within a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program in an American University. The role of each partner involved in the collaboration is discussed alongside the profile of the DNP students. Lesson planning and classroom techniques for DNP information literacy classes are described and feedback from the partners and the students are discussed. The study confirms that collaboration is effective in improving research and writing skills.D.I.
Characteristics of healthy and androgenetic alopecia scalp microbiome: Effect of Lindera strychnifolia roots extract as a natural solution for its modulation
Authors: Filaire E. , Dreux A. , Boutot C. , Ranouille E. , Berthon J. Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe human scalp harbours a vast community of microbiotal mutualists. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss in males, is a multifactorial condition involving genetic predisposition and hormonal changes. The role of microflora during hair loss remains to be understood. After having characterized the scalp microbiota of 12 healthy male subjects and 12 AGA male subjects (D0), the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the capacity of Lindera strychnifolia root extract (LsR) to restore a healthy bacterial and fungal scalp microflora after 83 days (D83) of treatment.Material and methodsThe strategy used was based on high‐throughput DNA sequencing targeting the encoding 16S ribosomal RNA for bacteria and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 ribosomal DNA for fungi.ResultsTest analysis of relative abundance comparing healthy and AGA subjects showed a significant increase of Cutibacterim acnes (P < 0.05) and Stenotrophomonas geniculata (P < 0.01) in AGA subjects. AGA scalp condition was also associated with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis relative abundance. A lower proportion of Malassezia genus in samples corresponding to AGA scalps and an increase of other bacterial genera (Wallemia, Eurotium) were also noted. At the species level, mean relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the AGA group. Eighty‐three days of treatment induced a significant decrease in the relative abundance of C. acnes (P < 0.05) and S. geniculata (P < 0.01). S. epidermidis increased significantly (P < 0.05). At the same time, LsR treatment induced a significant increase in the proportion of M. restricta and M. globosa (P < 0.05).ConclusionData from sequencing profiling of the scalp microbiota strongly support a different microbial composition of scalp between control and AGA populations. Findings suggest that LsR extract may be a potential remedy for scalp microbiota re‐equilibrium.
Treatment of melasma: a review of less commonly used antioxidants
Authors: Babbush Kayla M. , Babbush Remy A. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMelasma, a common cause for seeking dermatologic care, is a chronic condition of skin hyperpigmentation. With a poorly understood pathogenesis, and no universal cure, melasma is a challenge for many dermatologists. For decades, there has been investigation into the role of oxidative stress in melasma. In this literature review, we introduce the role of oxidative stress in melasma and discuss the function of various topical and oral antioxidant therapies for patients suffering from melasma. Numerous studies have shown efficacy of various antioxidant therapies for treatment of hyperpigmentation, and in this review, we focus primarily on those with less widespread use. Vitamin E, niacinamide, polypodium leucotomos, pycnogenol, grape seed extract, amino fruit acids, phytic acid, zinc, silymarin, Korean red ginseng powder, plant extracts, and parsley all have well‐demonstrated evidence of antioxidant properties, and these substances have been studied in the context of skin hyperpigmentation. Although there is conflicting evidence of their therapeutic efficacy, the use of these naturally occurring substances is promising for patients and medical providers seeking alternative therapeutic options.
Melanoma in the setting of nevus of Ota: a review for dermatologists
Authors: Williams Natalie M. , Gurnani Pooja , Labib Angelina , Nuesi Ronaldo , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, is a benign dermal melanocytic nevus that most commonly affects Asian women. While the lesion is largely a cosmetic concern, it has the potential to undergo malignant transformation to melanoma. Patients with nevus of Ota often present to a dermatologist at some point for examination or removal with laser therapy. Therefore, it is important for dermatologists to understand the cutaneous and extracutaneous risks these lesions carry and how they may present to further optimize management and appropriate referrals. This review describes the demographic, clinical, and prognostic features of melanoma in the setting of nevus of Ota, divided by the nature of the primary melanoma: cutaneous, orbital, intracranial.