bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized precooling combined with SO2‐released paper treatment improves the storability of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits stored at room temperature
Authors: Han Dongmei , Luo Tao , Zhang Lu , Wu Jiaqi , Wu Huitao , Wu Zhenxian , Li Jianguang , Wang Jing , Pan Xuewen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrecooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation were proved as effective methods for the preservation of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits. However, inadequate precooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation resulted in unexpected losses and short shelf life. A L9(34) orthogonal test was conducted to screen out ideal dosage of sodium metabisulfite (factor A), precooling method (factor B), and precooling duration (factor C) to improve the storability of longan fruit stored for 48 hr at room temperature (RT) (25℃). The overall qualities of all of the treated longan fruits after a 48‐hr storage (OQST) and during the 5‐day shelf at 25℃ (OQSF) were better than those of the control fruits. The treated fruits showed brighter fresh color (higher L*, b*, C*, and h° values but lower a* value), higher flavonoid, and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, the SO2 residue was concentrated in pericarp but little in aril for any of the 12 treatments. The multivariate variance analysis showed that factor A was dominant to determine both of the OQST and OQSF, while factor B affected the OQST, and factor C affected the OQSF. In total, “0.22% sodium metabisulfite + 4 hr precooling + uncovered precooling” was considered to be an ideal treatment. These results would contribute to improving longan postharvest preservation technology.
Care of immunocompromised patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Two challenging and informative clinical cases
Authors: Civantos Alyssa M. , Carey Ryan M. , Lichtenstein Gary R. , Lukens John N. , Cohen Roger B. , Rassekh Christopher H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and MethodsThere is an added level of complexity in the management of head and neck cancer patients with underlying immunosuppressive disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Head and neck oncologists are tasked with balancing the dual risks of cancer progression in the setting of impaired tumor immunity and increased susceptibility to life‐threatening complications from exposure to viral infection for patients and providers. Through two cases of immunocompromised patients with newly diagnosed head and neck malignancies, we aim to provide guidance to clinicians struggling with how to best counsel and manage this unique subset of patients under these difficult circumstances.ResultsAfter careful consideration of the options, we took different approaches in the care of these two patients.ConclusionsUltimately, there is no uniform set of rules to apply to this heterogeneous group of immunocompromised patients. We provide some general principles to help guide patient management during the current pandemic.
Atmospheric vapour and precipitation are not in isotopic equilibrium in a continental mountain environment
Authors: Mercer Jason J. , Liefert David T. , Williams David G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIsotopic exchange with atmospheric vapour can strongly influence the isotopic values of evaporating surface water bodies (e.g., lakes), influencing our understanding of hydrological processes across aquatic and terrestrial environments. Rather than measure the isotopic values of the atmosphere directly, it is much more common to estimate values by assuming equilibrium with local precipitation. This assumption may introduce large errors, thereby biasing hydrological inferences and understanding. The pattern and magnitude of this error has been quantified only in a few circumstances. We compared observations of vapour and precipitation isotope values over a four‐year record collected in a montane environment in the central Rocky Mountains of North America. We further investigated factors and conditions promoting disequilibrium. Scenario comparisons assessed the impact of theoretical and methodological elements on the accuracy of the equilibrium assumption. We found that the equilibrium assumption was not well supported by direct and continuous observations of vapour isotopes using tower‐based laser isotope spectroscopy, particularly during the summer months. Across all scenarios, errors associated with the equilibrium assumption were high, credibly ranging from 14 to 154 ‰ forδ2H and 1.5 to 16.3 ‰ forδ18O. Environmental covariates (e.g., vapour pressure deficit, air pressure) helped explain some of the apparent disequilibrium. Although the equilibrium assumption for estimating atmospheric vapour isotope values may not be applicable in a continental montane environment, our findings highlight opportunities for using direct vapour isotope measurements to better understand vapour sources, air mass mixing, and phase changes over complex mountainous terrain, which in turn may better constrain regional‐ to global‐scale hydrological process estimates, such as evapotranspiration rates and the water budgets of mountain lakes.
Tricomponent composite containing copper–hydroxyapatite/chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Narayanan Valarmathi , Sumathi Shanmugam , Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe tricomponent composite chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (CS/PVP) with different weight ratios of (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt%) of copper–hydroxyapatite (Cu‐HAP) were prepared by solvent casting technique, which was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray to confirm the formation of Cu‐HAP/CS/PVP composite. The Cu‐HAP/CS/PVP composite with 80 wt% Cu‐HAP showed 98.73 ± 1.14% of porosity with highest tensile strength (101.45 ± 0.98 MPa) and less swelling percentage (19.51 ± 1.03%) compared to others. In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli) and fungus (Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, and Rhizopus stolonifer). In vitro hemocompatibility study proves that the Cu‐HAP/CS/PVP composites are blood compatible with the hemolytic ratio of less than 2%. In vitro bioactivity study revealed the formation of apatite on the optimized Cu‐HAP/CS/PVP composite (80 wt% of Cu‐HAP) in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. ICP‐OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectroscopy) analysis was used to find out the leaching of Ca, P, and Cu ions from the SBF. In vitro biocompatibility was studied against human osteosarcoma cell line by MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐DiphenyltetrazoliumBromide) assay.
A Novel Disorder of Osteoporosis, Osteonecrosis, and Metaphyseal Fracture
Authors: Zmierczak Hans‐Georg , Taylor Guy , Cundy Tim 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe describe two unrelated women who in their fifth decade developed a severe disorder characterized by large joint osteonecrosis and multiple minimal trauma fractures in both the axial and appendicular skeleton, including unusual metaphyseal fractures of the proximal tibia. Bone density testing showed borderline osteoporosis of the spine and osteopenia of the femur. Therapy with bisphosphonates and teriparatide failed to prevent further fractures. To our knowledge, this disorder has not been described previously. Investigations to date, including a genetic screen, have not revealed its cause. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Diagnostic fragmentation‐assisted mass spectral networking coupled with in silico dereplication for deep annotation of steroidal alkaloids in medicinal Fritillariae Bulbus
Authors: Liu Feng‐Jie , Jiang Yan , Li Ping , Liu Yang‐Dan , Xin Gui‐Zhong , Yao Zhong‐Ping , Li Hui‐Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFully understanding the chemicals in an herbal medicine remains a challenging task. Molecular networking (MN) allows to organize tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data in complex samples by mass spectral similarity, which yet suffers from low coverage and accuracy of compound annotation due to the size limitation of available databases and differentiation obstacle of similar chemical scaffolds. In this work, an enhanced MN‐based strategy named diagnostic fragmentation‐assisted molecular networking coupled with in silico dereplication (DFMN‐ISD) was introduced to overcome these obstacles: the rule‐based fragmentation patterns provide insights into similar chemical scaffolds, the generated in silico candidates based on metabolic reactions expand the available natural product databases, and the in silico annotation method facilitates the further dereplication of candidates by computing their fragmentation trees. As a case, this approach was applied to globally profile the steroidal alkaloids in Fritillariae bulbus, a commonly used antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine. Consequently, a total of 325 steroidal alkaloids were discovered, including 106 cis‐D/E‐cevanines, 142 trans‐D/E‐cevanines, 29 jervines, 23 veratramines, and 25 verazines. And 10 of them were confirmed by available reference standards. Approximately 70% of the putative steroidal alkaloids have never been reported in previous publications, demonstrating the benefit of DFMN‐ISD approach for the comprehensive characterization of chemicals in a complex plant organism.
Ammonium‐driven nitrification plays a key role in increasing Mn availability in calcareous soils
Authors: Dreyer Michael , Wichmann Merle , Rischen Marie , Görlach Bruno M. , Ehmke Annika , Pitann Britta , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Manganese deficiency often becomes a yield limiting factor, particularly on calcareous soils, even though the total soil manganese content is usually sufficient. Although it is known that acidifying N fertilizers can improve Mn availability, the reason of this effect is still unknown.
Aim: Our aim was to investigate the effect of stabilized ammonium fertilizers as a tool to distinguish between physiological‐ and nitrification‐induced acidification.
Method: Two pot experiments with Triticum aestivum L. and one soil incubation experiment using different nitrogen forms (CN = calcium nitrate, AN = ammonium nitrate, AS = ammonium sulfate, ATS = ammonium thiosulfate) with and without addition of nitrification inhibitors (DCD, Nitrapyrin, Piadin, DMPP) were conducted to examine the effect on Mn availability in the soil and Mn uptake by the plants at different development stages (EC 31 und 39).
Results: With increasing fertilizer
content a higher Mn concentration was detected: CN: 32 µg Mn g−1 DM, AN: 39 µg Mn g−1 DW, AS: 55 µg Mn g−1 DM, ATS: 109 µg Mn g−1 DM. The addition of a nitrification inhibitor resulted in a significantly lower rhizosphere pH compared to the non‐stabilized fertilizer. Surprisingly, the use of different nitrification inhibitors led to unchanged (CN, AN) or lower Mn concentrations of wheat. Especially in the
treatments (AS and ATS), this negative effect was very evident (AS+DCD: 42 µg Mn g−1 DM; ATS+DCD: 55 µg Mn g−1 DM).
Conclusions: Mn availability was enhanced by ongoing nitrification process rather than physiological acidification. Compared to other N forms, ammonium thiosulfate led to the highest Mn availability in bulk soil.
Bioactive compounds, total antioxidant capacity and yield of kiwiberry fruit under different nitrogen regimes in field conditions
Authors: Stefaniak Jan , Przybył Jarosław L , Latocha Piotr , Łata Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDActinidia arguta known as the ‘kiwiberry’ or ‘mini kiwi’ is relatively new among the cultivated berry species. Recent studies indicate the kiwiberry fruit could be an important source of many health‐promoting compounds. A knowledge‐based fertilisation concept was evolved to define optimal strategies for feeding Actinidia with nitrogen (N) because a deficit and excess of N both have a negative impact on plants and the surrounding environment.RESULTSKiwiberry yield and fruit internal quality significantly depended on soil N level, cultivar and growing season. A higher soil N led to an increase in carotenoid content and a decrease in phenolic content, whereas ascorbic acid and glutathione contents were not affected by soil N fertility. Under the highest N dose, enzymatic antioxidants were activated. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity clearly decreased with an increasing N level.CONCLUSIONSCompetent and skilful fertilisation management should focus on balancing a high fruit yield and maintaining their high quality. Based on yield level and fruit antioxidant potential, the N guide values for A. arguta vary between 30 and 50 mg N per kg−1 of soil. The recommended N dose may depend on overall soil quality traits and cultivar N demand, as well as on weather conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Reversed‐phase ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and ion chromatography analysis of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations in environmental water samples
Authors: Liu Sheng , Yu Hong , Zhang Xue , Cai Ya‐qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA method of reversed‐phase ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction combined with ion chromatography for determination of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations (N‐methyl‐N‐ethyl pyrrolidinium, N‐methyl‐N‐propyl pyrrolidinium, and N‐methyl‐N‐butyl pyrrolidinium) in water samples was developed in this study. First, ion‐pair reagent sodium heptanesulfonate was added to the water samples after static, centrifugation and filteration. Then, pyrrolidinium cations in the samples were enriched and purified by a reversed‐phase solid‐phase extraction column, and eluted from the column with methanol aqueous solution as eluent. Finally, the eluate collected was analyzed by ion chromatography. The separation and direct conductivity detection of these pyrrolidinium cations by ion‐exchange column using 1.0 mM methanesulfonic acid (in water)/acetonitrile (97:3, v:v) as mobile phase was achieved within 10 min. By using this method, pyrrolidinium cations in Songhua River and Hulan River were successfully extracted with the recoveries ranging from 74.2 to 97.1% and the enrichment factor assessed as 60. Pyrrolidinium cations with the concentration of 0.001−0.03 mg/L can be enriched and detected in the water samples. The developed method for the determination of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations in water samples is simple and reliable, which provides a reference for the study of the potential impact of ionic liquids on the environment.
Structure of infaunal communities in New Zealand submarine canyons is linked to origins of sediment organic matter
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Nodder Scott D. , Rowden Ashley A. , Gibbs Max , Berkenbusch Katrin , Wood Anna , De Leo Fabio , Smith Craig , Brown Julie , Bury Sarah J. , Pallentin Arne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubmarine canyons can facilitate the transfer of land‐derived organic matter to the deep sea. Here, we investigated links between variability in organic matter availability from land and marine sources and infauna communities in two contrasting canyon systems off New Zealand and used stable isotope analyses to identify potential food sources of benthic invertebrates. Kaikōura Canyon, a steep, short canyon close to the shore, was characterized by high food availability and varying proportions of marine‐ and land‐derived organic matter, whereas Hokitika Canyon, a narrow and lower‐gradient canyon that extends further from the coast, was characterized by low food availability and mostly land‐derived sediment organic matter throughout. Both macrofaunal and meiofaunal abundance and biomass were greater in Kaikōura Canyon than in Hokitika Canyon. Correlation analyses suggested that land‐derived organic matter may contribute to increased meiofaunal abundance in Kaikōura Canyon. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses, however, did not provide unequivocal support for the uptake of land‐derived material by large benthic invertebrates in Kaikōura Canyon. Infaunal abundance and biomass were low throughout Hokitika Canyon despite similar concentrations of land‐derived organic matter in sediments of both canyons, which suggests that variations in marine‐derived organic matter inputs is the main driver of community differences among canyons. Refractory vascular plant material by itself may not provide an adequate food supply to infaunal organisms, but may represent a complementary food resource when more labile marine phytodetritus is also readily available.
Serum MicroRNA Signatures in Recovery From Acute and Chronic Liver Injury and Selection for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Salehi Siamak , Tavabie Oliver D. , Verma Suman , McPhail Mark J. W. , Farzaneh Farzin , Bernal William , Menon Krish , Agarwal Kosh , Aluvihare Varuna R. 
Published: April 2020

We previously demonstrated a distinct hepatic microRNA (miRNA) signature (down‐regulation of miRNA‐23a, ‐150, ‐ 200b, ‐503, and ‐663 and up‐regulation of miRNA‐20a) is associated with successful regeneration in auxiliary liver transplantation (ALT). This study aimed to evaluate whether the serum expression of this regeneration‐linked miRNA signature is associated with clinical outcomes in acute and chronic liver disease. These were represented by patients with acetaminophen‐induced acute liver failure (ALF; n = 18) and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing treatment with direct‐acting antivirals (n = 56), respectively. Patients were grouped depending on their clinical outcome. Global serum miRNA expression was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and selected miRNA expression using targeted PCR. We demonstrate that specific regeneration‐linked miRNAs discriminate outcomes in both clinical scenarios. We further show that miRNA‐20a, ‐23a, ‐150, ‐200b, ‐503, and ‐663 undergo concordant changes in expression in 3 distinct clinical settings: liver regeneration accompanying successful ALT, clinical recovery after ALF, and clinical recompensation after cure of HCV. This miRNA signature represents a potentially novel biomarker to predict outcome and optimize patient selection for liver transplantation in both acute and chronic liver disease.
Mussel‐Inspired Alternating Copolymer as a High‐Performance Adhesive Material Both at Dry and Under‐Seawater Conditions
Authors: Sha Xinyi , Zhang Changxu , Qi Meiwei , Zheng Longhui , Cai Beike , Chen Feng , Wang Yuling , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMarine mussels have the ability to cling to various surfaces at wet or underwater conditions, which inspires the research of catechol‐functionalized polymers (CFPs) to develop high‐performance adhesive materials. However, these polymeric adhesives generally face the problems of complex synthetic route, and it is still high challenging to prepare CFPs with excellent adhesive performance both at dry and underwater conditions. Herein, a mussel‐inspired alternating copolymer, poly(dopamine‐alt‐2,2‐bis(4‐glycidyloxyphenyl)propane) (P(DA‐a‐BGOP)), is synthesized in one step by using commercially available monomers through epoxy‐amino click chemistry. The incorporation of polar groups and rigid bisphenol A structures into the polymer backbone enhances the cohesion energy of polymer matrix. The alternating polymer structure endows the polymers with high catechol content and controlled polymer sequence. As a result, P(DA‐a‐BGOP) exhibits a strong bonding strength as high as 16.39 ± 2.13 MPa on stainless steel substrates after a hot pressing procedure and displays a bonding strength of 1.05 ± 0.05 MPa on glass substrates at an under‐seawater condition, which surpasses most commercial adhesives.
Paravertebral block for radiologically inserted gastrostomy tube placement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Porter Steven B. , McClain Robert L. , Robards Christopher B. , Paz‐Fumagalli Ricardo , Clendenen Steven R. , Logvinov Ilana I. , Hex Karina O. , Palmucci Carla , Oskarsson Björn E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionRadiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) placement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) carries risks related to periprocedural sedation and analgesia. To minimize these risks, we used a paravertebral block (PVB) technique for RIG placement.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with ALS undergoing RIG placement under PVB between 2013 and 2017.ResultsNinety‐nine patients with ALS underwent RIG placement under PVB. Median (range) age was 66 (28 to 86) years, ALS Functional Rating Scale—Revised score was 27 (6 to 45), and forced vital capacity was 47% (8%–79%) at time of RIG placement. Eighty‐five (85.9%) patients underwent RIG placement as outpatients, with a mean postanesthesia care unit stay of 2.3 hours. The readmission rate was 4% at both 1 and 30 days postprocedure.DiscussionPVB for RIG placement has a low rate of adverse events and provides effective periprocedural analgesia in patients with ALS, the majority of whom can be treated as outpatients.
Stories of strangers: Writing donor acquisition letters in the human services
Authors: Hansen Ruth K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study explores the choices fundraisers make in crafting letters to acquire new donors for a human services organization, and whether the type of client served affects those choices. We use an experiment to control for organizational differences, and code the resulting letters written for elements identified in theory and practice, then perform an exploratory factor analysis to find patterns of co‐occurring variables. Writers tended to focus either on the quality of the organization or the unmet need in the community, but not both. Two of the factors, Universalism and Security, describe distinct personal value constructs that may reflect the preferences of the writer or the presumed preferences of the reader. Compared to participants writing for an older adult client base, participants writing for clients with mental illness were less likely to use a negative frame, more likely to use statistical evidence, and used lower expectations in describing successful client outcomes. Within letters, clients were described using three patterns: by describing a stranger who is worth helping because of intrinsic attributes; by describing a stranger who is worth helping because of their relationships within the social order; by describing the client group using facts and statistics, rather than an emotionally compelling story narrative.
Post‐hoc analysis investigating the safety and efficacy of brexpiprazole in Japanese patients with schizophrenia who were switched from other antipsychotics in a long‐term study (Secondary Publication)
Authors: Ishigooka Jun , Usami Tomohiro , Iwashita Shuichi , Kojima Yoshitsugu , Matsuo Satoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA post hoc analysis was performed using data obtained over eight weeks from 200 Japanese patients with schizophrenia who were switched to brexpiprazole monotherapy in a long‐term treatment study. The 8‐week period comprised of a 4‐week switching phase and a 4‐week post‐switch phase. For the antipsychotic switching schedule, brexpiprazole was first administered at 1 mg/day and increased to 2 mg/day by the end of week 4. Concurrently, the previous antipsychotic(s) was/were tapered gradually from the start of week 3 and discontinued by the end of week 4. Brexpiprazole could then be increased up to 4 mg/day according to the CGI‐I criteria. At week 8, 1.8%, 23.2%, 25.0%, and 50% of patients were administered daily brexpiprazole doses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg, respectively. The discontinuation rate at week 8 was 17.0%. The major reasons for discontinuation were consent withdrawal (9.5%), occurrence of adverse events (5.5%), and physician's decision (2.0%). Commonly reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis (13.5%), schizophrenia (9.0%), insomnia (6.5%), headache (5.5%), and akathisia (5.5%). The discontinuation rate was 4.9% for patients who were switched from aripiprazole as the primary antipsychotic and 25.4% for those who were switched from other antipsychotics. Owing to the serious adverse events that led to treatment discontinuation, careful switching to brexpiprazole is necessary in patients who previously used olanzapine as their primary antipsychotic.