bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferability, development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and application to the analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of the African fan palm (Borassus aethiopum Mart.) in Benin
Authors: Kpaténon Mariano Joly , Salako Valère Kolawolé , Santoni Sylvain , Zekraoui Leila , Latreille Muriel , Tollon-Cordet Christine , Mariac Cédric , Jaligot Estelle , Beulé Thierry , ADEOTI Kifouli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, Borassus aethiopum Mart. (African fan palm) is an important non-timber forest product-providing palm that faces multiple anthropogenic threats to its genetic diversity. However, this species is so far under-studied, which prevents its sustainable development as a resource. The present work is a first attempt at characterizing the genetic diversity and population structure of B. aethiopum across nine collection sites spanning the three climatic regions of Benin, West Africa, through the use of microsatellite markers. Results: During a first phase we relied on the reported transferability of primers developed in other palm species. We find that, in disagreement with previously published results, only 22.5% of the markers tested enable amplification of B. aethiopum DNA and polymorphism detection is very low. We thus generated a B. aethiopum-specific genomic dataset through high-throughput sequencing and used it in a second phase for the de novo detection of microsatellite loci. Among the primer pairs designed to target these, 11 enabled polymorphism detection and were further used for analyzing genetic diversity. Across the nine collection sites, expected heterozygosity (He) ranges from 0.263 to 0.451 with an overall average value of 0.354, showing a low genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) shows that within-site variation accounts for 53% of the genetic variation, and accordingly the low number of migrants and the positive values of the fixation index (F) in sites from both the Central (Sudano-Guinean) and the Southern (Guinean) climatic regions suggest limited gene flow between sites. While we globally observe a weak correlation between genetic and geographic distances, our clustering analyses indicate that B. aethiopum palms from Savè (Center) are genetically more similar to those from the Northern sites than to samples from the other Central sites. Conclusions: In the light of our results, we discuss the use of inter-species transfer vs. de novo development of microsatellite markers in genetic diversity analyses targeting under-studied species. We also suggest future applications for the molecular resources generated through the present study.
A biomechanical study comparing the mean load to failure of two different osteosynthesis techniques for the Step-Cut Olecranon Osteotomy
Authors: Hess Silvan , Bürki Alexander , Moor Beat Kaspar , Bolliger Lilianna , Zysset Philippe , Zumstein Matthias Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A tension band wiring technique is the current gold standard for osteosynthesis of olecranon osteotomies, although the technique has several practical disadvantages and its theoretical advantages have been questioned. The Step-Cut Olecranon osteotomy is an interesting new option for surgeons to access distal intra-articular humerus fractures, but its stability has only been assessed using the tension band wiring osteosynthesis. Therefore, the mean load to failure of this osteotomy with two different osteosynthesis techniques (tension band wiring and compression screws) was assessed. A higher load to failure was hypnotized for the tension-band-wiring osteosynthesis group. Methods: A Step-Cut Olecranon osteotomy was performed on 32 Sawbones. Half were secured by a tension band wiring and the other half by two compression screws. The humero-ulnar joint was simulated using an established test setup, which allows the application of triceps traction force through a tendon model to the ulna model, while the joint is in a fixed position. Eight models of each group were tested at one of two angles (20° and 70° of flexion) by isometrical loading until failure. A failure was defined as either complete fracture or gap formation of more than 2mm between osteotomy and the remaining model. Results: At 20° of flexion, the mean load to failure in the tension band wiring group was 1360 N (SD 238) and 1401 N (SD 261) in the compression screw group. At 70° of flexion, it was 1398 N (SD 215) and 1614 N (SD 427), respectively. Differences did not reach significance (p = 0.88 at 20°, p = 0.28 at 70°).Conclusions: A tension band wiring osteosynthesis does not provide higher stability than a compression screw osteosynthesis for the Step-Cut Olecranon osteotomy. A Step-Cut Olecranon osteotomy with screw osteosynthesis might be an interesting option for surgeons when treating intra-articular distal humeral fractures.
Ultra-High Performance Organic Thermoelectric Generators through Interfacial Doping Gradients
Authors: Petsagkourakis I. , Riera-Galindo S. , Ruoko Tero-Petri , Strakosas Xenofon , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Liu Xianjie , Braun Slawomir , Kim Nara , Lienemann S. , Gueskine V. , Hadziioannou Georges , Berggren Magnus , Fahlman Mats , Fabiano Simone , Tybrandt Klas , Crispin Xavier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The interfacial energetics are known to play a crucial role in organic electronic devices. However, their effects in organic thermoelectrics remain to be elucidated. In this work we optimize the output power density of an organic thermoelectric generator (OTEG) at ambient atmosphere to record high values, by varying the work function of the metal contacts. We find that the effect is linked to extended gradients of doping states, which are induced by humidity and reside inside the organic layer oriented perpendicular to the metal contacts. The thermovoltage, arising from this contact phenomenon alone, reaches a magnitude similar to that of the Seebeck voltage of the conducting polymer itself, thereby providing a major contribution to the resulting thermoelectric performance. With this work, we put a new emphasis on the importance of the metal-polymer interface in thermoelectrics. The overall output performance can be greatly improved by fine-tuning the interfacial energetics, which then provides an attractive complementing route for enhancing the performance of OTEGs.
Fast photothermal spatial light modulation for quantitative phase imaging at the nanoscale
Authors: Robert Hadrien , Bujak Łukasz , Holanová Kristýna , Vala Milan , Marek Piliarik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spatial light modulators have become an essential tool for advanced microscopy enabling breakthroughs in 3D, phase, or super-resolution imaging. However, continuous spatial-light modulation without diffraction artifacts, polarization dependence, and able to capture sub-ms microscopic motion is challenging. Here we present a photothermal spatial light modulator (PT-SLM) enabling the fast wavefront shaping free of diffraction artifacts, having a high transmissivity and modulation efficiency independent of light polarization. It is based on the microscopic heating of a thin layer of thermo-optic material confined between the photothermal heat-source and a transparent heatsink. We achieve a phase-shift > π with a response time as short as 70 µs with a theoretical limit in the sub-µs range. The combination of the PT-SLM with an interferometric scattering microscope (iSCAT) allowed us to perform quantitative phase imaging of sub-diffractional scatterers and decipher the 3D nanoscopic displacement of microtubules matching closely with control data from atomic force microscopy.
Genome-wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family in Pumpkin
Authors: Shen Changwei , Yuan Jingping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Crop quality and yield are affected by abiotic and biotic stresses, and heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are considered to play important roles in regulating plant tolerance under various stresses. To investigate the response of pumpkin to abiotic stress, we analysed the genome of pumpkin. Results:In this research, a total of 36 Cucurbita moschata Hsf (CmHsf) members were identified and classified into three subfamilies (I, II, and III) according to their amino acid sequence identity. The Hsfs of the same subfamily usually exhibit a similar gene structure (intron-exon distribution) and conserved domains (DNA-binding and other functional domains). Chromosome localization analysis showed that the 36 CmHsfs were unevenly distributed on 18 of the 21 chromosomes (except for Cm_Chr00, Cm_Chr08 and Cm_Chr20), among which 18 genes formed 9 duplicated gene pairs that have undergone segmental duplication events. The Ka/Ks ratio showed that the duplicated CmHsfs have mainly experienced strong purifying selection. High-level synteny was observed between Cucurbita moschata and other Cucurbitaceae species. Conclusions: The expression profile of CmHsfs in the roots, stems, cotyledons and true leaves revealed that the CmHsfs exhibit tissue specificity. The analysis of cis-acting elements and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that some key CmHsf genes were activated by cold stress, heat stress, hormones and salicylic acid. This study lays the foundation for revealing the role of CmHsfs in resistance to various stresses, which is of great significance for the selection of stress-tolerant pumpkin varieties.
Tele-ECG consulting and outcomes on primary care patients in a low-to-middle income population: The first experience from Makassar Telemedicine Program, Indonesia
Authors: Mappangara Idar , Qanitha Andriany , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Henriques Jose P. S. , de Mol Bastianus A. J. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Telemedicine has been a popular tool to overcome the lack access to healthcare facilities, primarily in underprevilaged populations. We aimed to describe and assess the implementation of tele-electrocardiography (ECG) program in primary care settings in Indonesia, and subsequently examine the short- and mid-term outcomes of patients those received tele-ECG consultation.Methods: A total of 505 ECG recordings from thirty primary care centers were transmitted to Makassar Cardiac Center, Indonesia from January to July 2017. We prospectively collected data by sending a detailed questionnaire to general practitioners (GPs). Follow-up was performed at 30 days and at the end of follow-up on October 2018.Results: Of 505 recordings, all (100%) ECGs were qualified for analysis, and about a half showed normal findings. Ischemia presented in 15.6%, arrhythmia in 23.6%, and abnormalities compatible with structural changes in 5.1%. The mean age of participants was 53.3 ± 13.6 years, and 40.2% were male. Most (73.9%) of these primary care patients turned up with a manifasted CVD symptom with at least one risk factor. More men had an ischemic ECG compare to women (p<0.01), while aged >55 years was associated with ischemic or arrhythmic ECG (p<0.05). Factors significantly associated with a normal ECG were younger age, female gender, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and no history of previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) or medication. More patients with an abnormal ECG had a history of hypertension, known diabetes, and were current smokers (p<0.05). Majority (95%) of GPs were satisfied with each tele-ECG consultation, and 58.6% used tele-ECG for an expert opinion. Over the total follow-up (14 ± 6.6 months), seven (1.4%) patients died and 96 (19.0%) were hospitalized for CVD. Of 88 patients for whom hospital admission was advised, 72 (81.8%) were immediately referred within 48 hours following the tele-ECG consultation. Conclusions: Tele-ECG can be implemented in Indonesian primary care settings with limited resources and may assist the GPs for immediate triage, results in higher rate of early hospitalization for indicated patients.
Relationship between Sleep Duration and Sociodemographic Characteristics, Mental Health and Chronic Diseases in Individuals Aged from 18 to 85 Years Old in Guangdong Province in China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Xie , Wang Shi-Bin , Li Xue-Li , Huang Zhuo-Hui , Tan Wen-Yan , Lin Hai-Cheng , Hou Cai-Lan , Jia Fu-Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sleep is vital for maintaining individual’s physical and mental health. Prior studies have reported close relationships between sleep duration and chronic diseases. However, in China, the prevalence of irregular sleep duration and the associations between sleep duration and chronic conditions still merit studying in Guangdong province. This study aimed at examining the relationship between sleep duration and multiple dimensions of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health and chronic diseases in Guangdong province in China, with a large population-based data of individuals aged from 18 to 85 years old conducted in Guangdong province.Methods: Multistage stratified cluster sampling was applied for this study. 13,768 participants from Guangdong province were interviewed with standardized assessment tools. Basic socio-demographic information, mental health and chronic diseases information were collected. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as three types: short (<7h), normative (7-8h) and long (>8h). Results: The mean sleep duration was 6.75±1.11h. Short sleepers had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, including anemia (6.2%, P=0.024), gout (2.8%, P=0.010), hyperlipidemia (3.9%, P=0.003) and low back pain (5.6%, P=0.020) than other types of sleeper. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that short sleepers were more likely to have low income level, have depressive symptoms, be ex- or current drinkers and be overweight. Anemia, hyperlipidemia and low back pain were all risk factors for short sleep, while malignant tumor was risky for long sleep. Conclusions: Low income level, drinking status, being overweight, and chronic conditions may be associated with abnormal sleep duration in Guangdong province general population. Short sleepers have a higher risk of suffering from anemia, hyperlipidemia, and low back pain, while long sleepers are more likely to have malignant tumor. Health professionals should value the sleep patterns in general health care and attach importance to conduct further epidemiologic surveys to explore the relationship between sleep duration and health.
Self-esteem, Social support and coping Strategies of left-behind Children in Rural China, and the intermediary role of subjective support
Authors: Cui Shu , Cheng Fangshuo , Zhang Ling , Zhang Chao , Yuan Qiuyu , Huang Cui , Zhang Kai , Zhou Xiaoqin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Negative coping strategies and behavioral problems are common among Chinese left-behind children, which are related to a variety of negative consequences. At this stage of development, the relevant factors of coping strategies need to be further studied, in which social support and self-esteem are worthy of our attention. The aim of this study is to detected the self-esteem, social support, and coping strategy of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China.
Methods
322 children from 3 schools in China participated in this study, including 236 LBC and 86 non-left-behind children (NLBC) to assess self-esteem, social support and coping strategies.
Results
The LBC group had lower self-esteem score and lower total social support (subjective support, objective support and support-seeking behavior) than the NLBC group. In terms of coping strategies, the LBC group was lower than the NLBC group in problem-solving and rationalization. The self-esteem score in LBC was significant positive associated with the subjective support score, objective support score, problem-solving and help-seeking score. Based on the SES score, the LBC group was divided into low, moderate and high self-esteem groups. There were significant differences in the total scores of social support problem solving and seeking help between the low self-esteem group and the high self-esteem group. In addition, our study found that subjective support plays an intermediary role between self-esteem and problem-solving in LBC group, while the intermediary role of objective support is not obvious.
Conclusions
These results of this study indicate that providing more subjective support to LBC can reduce the negative consequences of low self-esteem and improve the tendency and effectiveness of problem-solving.
Combined Surgical And Medical Treatment For Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Over A Stable Stem (Vancouver Type B1 And C): A Proposal Of A Therapeutic Algorithm To Reduce The Risk Of Nonunion.
Authors: Mondanelli Nicola , Colasanti Giovanni Battista , Cataldi Carlo , Moreschini Fabio , Bottai Vanna , Giannotti Stefano 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There is lack of consensus regarding best operative fixation strategy for periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around a stable stem. Based on our experience in the treatment of nonunions after PFFs and other challenging cases and on Literature, we propose an algorithm that can guide in choosing the ideal surgical technique even for first-time PFFs with a stable stem.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on patients who failed to heal after a surgically treated Vancouver type B1 or C PFF. All patients were treated with locking plate, double structural allograft and autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) over a platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-based membrane at fracture site. All patients were also pharmacologically treated with Teriparatide in the postoperative period. We studied patients with radiograms, histological evaluation of the nonunion area, and phosphocalcic metabolism. Patients were assessed subjectively, clinically and radiographically until healing and then annually.Results: All nonunions healed over a six months period, and functional recovery appeared to be good. Retrospective evaluation of the proposed algorithm showed that none of the patients met biological or mechanical criteria such as to make valid the treatment with locking plate alone.Conclusion: Mechanical factors are not the only issues that should be taken into account when choosing the surgical approach to PFFs over a stable stem. Systemic and local biological conditions are factors that should drive to a rigid fixation with absolute stability (using a plate and structural allograft) plus local biological support (structural allograft and autologous BMC in a PRP-based scaffold) and systemic anabolic treatment (Teriparatide) in the first instance. A therapeutic algorithm is proposed, given the prosthetic stem to be stable, taking into account mechanical and biological criteria.
Pain at Rest as a Predictive Factor of Chronic Pain Related to Central Sensitization in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihisa , Fukushima Kensuke , Inoue Gen , Uchida Kentaro , Koyama Tomohisa , Tsuchiya Maho , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Central sensitization (CS) has been identified as a factor that induces chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Although there are some reports of CS in knee OA, studies on CS in hip OA are lacking. We aimed to evaluate chronic pain related to CS in patients with hip OA using the CS Inventory (CSI). Additionally, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with pain related to CS.
Methods
A total of 100 patients scheduled to undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip OA were retrospectively reviewed. We investigated the CSI score as an assessment of the extent to which the patients had pain related to CS. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between the CSI score and clinical factors, including age, duration of pain, degree of pain at rest and on activity, by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Harris Hip Score.
Results
The mean CSI score was 19.54 ± 11.25 points. Twenty-one percent of the patients with a score of ≥ 30 were diagnosed as having chronic pain related to CS. The CSI score correlated significantly only with the VAS pain score at rest (r = 0.348, P < 0.001). Fifteen patients were diagnosed with CS syndromes (CSSs) in the assessment of CSI Part B. The mean CSI score was significantly higher in patients diagnosed with CSSs (30.00 ± 12.50) than in patients without a CSS (17.70 ± 10.00; P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Twenty-one percent of the patients scheduled to undergo THA for hip OA were diagnosed with chronic pain related to CS, which might influence the clinical results after THA. As the VAS pain score at rest was significantly correlated with the CSI score, pain at rest might be a predictive factor of chronic pain related to CS in patients with hip OA.
GPs and Pharma Reps: Why Are We So Ambivalent? Crossing perspectives from sociology, psychology and general practice toward a qualitative study in France
Authors: BARBAROUX Adriaan , Pourrat Isabelle , FERONI Isabelle , Bouchez Tiphanie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Receiving a gift from pharma reps or meeting them is correlated with an amount of bigger, more expensive and sometimes less rational prescriptions. French General Practitioners (GPs) tend to express an unfavorable opinion towards the pharmaceutical industry; they however adopt rather favorable behavior with pharmaceutical representatives. Yet no study has sought to understand the reasons for this discrepancy. The aim of this study was exploratory: why do some general practitioners receive pharmaceutical representatives when they express an unfavorable opinion regarding the pharmaceutical industry?Method: Qualitative descriptive study by semi-structured face to face interviews with French GPs of the south-east of France. A general inductive analysis was carried out. Data were analysed by researchers from different disciplines (psychology, sociology and general practice).Results: Ten GPs were interviewed for an average time of 50 minutes. The analysis yield to three forces competing to keep meeting pharmaceutical representatives despite unfavorable opinions towards it: practical reasons such as a substitute for continuous training; social and cultural reasons such as propriety toward representatives; psychological mechanisms such as cognitive dissonance and hidden curriculum. Cognitive dissonance is a well-supported social-psychology theory explaining how it is possible to maintain a behavior despite an unfavorable opinion. Since meeting pharma reps is implemented during traineeship, it could be considered as a part of the hidden curriculum. The strengths of this work are the confrontation of medicine, social psychology and sociology with the original approach of the interpretative phenomenological approach.Discussion: The GPs/representative relationship is complex, involving psychological mechanisms which are unknown to the medical profession. GPs use reps as a convenient continuous education tool furthermore in a private practice setting in which GPs feel they lack time. Lifting the veil of individual ambivalence raises questions which are more social and political than individual.