bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards high-power, high-coherence, integrated photonic mmWave platform with microcavity solitons
Authors: Wang Beichen , Morgan Jesse S. , Sun Keye , Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Woodson Madison , Estrella Steven , Beling Andreas , Yi Xu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMillimetre-wave (mmWave) technology continues to draw great interest due to its broad applications in wireless communications, radar, and spectroscopy. Compared to pure electronic solutions, photonic-based mmWave generation provides wide bandwidth, low power dissipation, and remoting through low-loss fibres. However, at high frequencies, two major challenges exist for the photonic system: the power roll-off of the photodiode, and the large signal linewidth derived directly from the lasers. Here, we demonstrate a new photonic mmWave platform combining integrated microresonator solitons and high-speed photodiodes to address the challenges in both power and coherence. The solitons, being inherently mode-locked, are measured to provide 5.8 dB additional gain through constructive interference among mmWave beatnotes, and the absolute mmWave power approaches the theoretical limit of conventional heterodyne detection at 100 GHz. In our free-running system, the soliton is capable of reducing the mmWave linewidth by two orders of magnitude from that of the pump laser. Our work leverages microresonator solitons and high-speed modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes to provide a viable path to chip-scale, high-power, low-noise, high-frequency sources for mmWave applications.
Upper gastrointestinal stenting during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: impact of mitigation measures and risk of contamination for patients and staff
Authors: Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo , Ferreira-Silva Joel , Fugazza Alessandro , Capogreco Antonio , Repici Alessandro , Everett Simon , Albers David , Schumacher Brigitte , Gines Angels , Siersema Peter D. , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on stent placement procedures has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on upper stenting during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, as well as the use of personal protection equipment (PPE) and risk of contamination for patients and staff.
Patients and methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent stent placement for upper gastrointestinal obstruction during the second half of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak period in comparison to same period one year before.
Results A total of 29 stents were placed for upper gastrointestinal obstruction during the study period, corresponding to an increase of 241 % comparing to the same period in 2019 (n = 12). No significant major differences were found between the two time periods regarding patients’ baseline characteristics, post-stenting management and number of staff involved in stent placement. Fellows’ involvement was significantly lower in 2020 compared to 2019 (21 % vs 67 %; P = 0.01). The majority of procedures were performed using FFP2 /FFP3 mask (76 %), protective eyewear (86 %), two pairs of gloves (65 %), hairnet (76 %) and full disposable gowns (90 %). One patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the procedure. None of the medical staff involved in stenting procedures developed COVID-19 14 days after procedure.
Conclusion Upper gastrointestinal stenting increased during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak period, which could be related to yearly variation on the number of procedures or reflect a change of oncologic treatment practice during COVID times.
Deploying Clinical Decision Support for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Bangash Hana , Sutton Joseph , Gundelach Justin H. , Pencille Laurie , Makkawy Ahmed , Elsekaily Omar , Dikilitas Ozan , Mir Ali , Freimuth Robert , Caraballo Pedro J. , Kullo Iftikhar J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a prevalent genomic disorder that increases risk of coronary heart disease, remains significantly underdiagnosed. Clinical decision support (CDS) tools have the potential to increase FH detection. We describe our experience in the development and implementation of a genomic CDS for FH at a large academic medical center.Methods CDS development and implementation were conducted in four phases: (1) development and validation of an algorithm to identify “possible FH”; (2) obtaining approvals from institutional committees to develop the CDS; (3) development of the initial prototype; and (4) use of an implementation science framework to evaluate the CDS.Results The timeline for this work was approximately 4 years; algorithm development and validation occurred from August 2018 to February 2020. During this 4-year period, we engaged with 15 stakeholder groups to build and integrate the CDS, including health care providers who gave feedback at each stage of development. During CDS implementation six main challenges were identified: (1) need for multiple institutional committee approvals; (2) need to align the CDS with institutional knowledge resources; (3) need to adapt the CDS to differing workflows; (4) lack of institutional guidelines for CDS implementation; (5) transition to a new institutional electronic health record (EHR) system; and (6) limitations of the EHR related to genomic medicine.Conclusion We identified multiple challenges in different domains while developing CDS for FH and integrating it with the EHR. The lessons learned herein may be helpful in streamlining the development and deployment of CDS to facilitate genomic medicine implementation.
Early Endoscopic Intervention in Pancreaticopleural Fistula: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Pawar Vinay Balasaheb , Rathi Pravin , Thanage Ravi , Debnath Prasanta , Nair Sujit , Contractor Qais 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Pancreaticopleural fistulas are among the rarest complications of chronic pancreatitis. The main objective of the research, conducted on a total of seven patients, was to evaluate the effectiveness of early endoscopic management of pancreaticopleural fistula.
Methods The diagnosis of fistula was reached when fistulous tract was demonstrated on imaging studies and/or pleural fluid amylase level was greater than 2,000 U/L. The data were retrospectively analyzed from the records.
Results The prototype patient in our series was a chronic alcoholic male with median age of 45 years. Computed tomography scan was performed in all the seven patients but could diagnose leak only in four patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was better in the remaining three patients for diagnosing fistula. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was the most sensitive test that diagnosed fistula in all the seven patients. Pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation was successful and pancreatic sphincterotomy with PD stenting was performed in all the seven patients. We could avoid surgical intervention in our patients.
Conclusions We advise early endoscopic treatment within 7 days of symptom onset as opposed to 3 weeks, which was proposed previously. Medical therapies should be complimentary to PD stenting.
Associations Between Loneliness, Reading Ability and Episodic Memory in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Sol Ketlyne , Sharifian Neika , Manly Jennifer J , Brickman Adam M , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Reading ability reflects a variety of beneficial life course exposures and may better index these exposures above and beyond education in racially diverse samples. Growing evidence suggests a negative impact of perceived loneliness on late-life cognitive health when parsing out the effect of other aspects of social relations. Few studies have examined how loneliness interacts with the reading ability or whether it operates differently in Black older adults who have higher dementia risk than Whites.

Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional study were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (n = 425 older adults, Mage = 74.23; 58% Black). Linear regressions estimated the main effects and interactions involving reading ability, loneliness, and race (non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic White) on episodic memory, controlling for age, sex/gender, and years of education. Subsequent models additionally controlled for income, employment status, depressive symptoms, disease burden, marital status, social network size, and number of social groups.

Results
Higher reading ability was associated with better memory, but loneliness was not associated with memory. The positive association between reading ability and memory was weaker among individuals with greater loneliness, and this interaction did not differ by race.

Conclusions
Loneliness may suppress the protective effect of higher reading ability on cognitive health among both Black and White older adults. Future longitudinal work is needed to clarify causal relationships among loneliness, reading ability, and memory decline.
Sugars in an aqueous extract of the spent substrate of the mushroomHypsizygus marmoreusinduce defense responses in rice
Authors: Nishimura Ayami , Yoshioka Anna , Kariya Keisuke , Ube Naoki , Ueno Kotomi , Tebayashi Shin-ichi , Osaki-Oka Kumiko , Ishihara Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPlant defense responses are activated by various exogenous stimuli. We found that an aqueous extract of spent mushroom substrate used for the cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus induced defense responses in rice. Fractionation of the spent mushroom substrate extract indicated that the compounds responsible for this induction were neutral and hydrophilic molecules with molecular weights lower than 3 kDa. Compounds with these characteristics, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were detected in the extract at concentrations of 17.4, 3.3, and 1.6 mM, respectively, and the treatment of rice leaves with these sugars induced defense responses. Furthermore, microarray analysis indicated that the genes involved in defense responses were commonly activated by the treatment of leaves with spent mushroom substrate extract and glucose. These findings indicate that the induction of defense responses by treatment with spent mushroom substrate extract is, at least in part, attributable to the sugar constituents of the extract.
In vitro selection of an RNA aptamer yields an interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor interaction inhibitor
Authors: Ando Takehiro , Yamamoto Mizuki , Takamori Yukio , Tsukamoto Keita , Fuji Daisuke , Kawakami Takashi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) binds to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) subunit, related to autoimmune diseases and cytokine storm in COVID-19. In this study, we performed systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and identified a novel RNA aptamer. This RNA aptamer not only bound to IL-6R with a dissociation constant of 200 n m, but also inhibited the interaction of IL-6R with IL-6.
A Rapid UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Dried Extracts of Echinacea Purpurea
Authors: de Oliveira Bárbara Gonçalves , Santos Luiz Filipe Ferreira , Pianetti Gérson Antônio , César Isabela Costa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Echinacea purpurea is a traditional medicinal plant widely used as adjuvant for the treatment of respiratory and urinary infections. Caffeic acid derivatives are considered the main active markers, such as chicoric acid, caftaric acid and chlorogenic acid. An analytical method using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and diode array detector was developed and validated, to quantify caffeic acid derivatives in commercial dried extracts of EP. UPLC method was developed using a C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), at 30°C. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.05% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution (10:90), flow rate 0.2 mL/min. Injection volume was 10 μL and detection was performed at 300 and 330 nm. The developed method complied with all required validation parameters, and showed to be linear, precise, accurate, selective and robust for all caffeic acid derivatives. Using the validated method, the levels of caftaric acid (0.110–0.507%w/w), chicoric acid (0.040–0.179%w/w) and chlorogenic acid (0.013–0.084%w/w) were determined in five commercial dried extracts of E. purpurea, with significant variation in the contents between different samples, indicating the need of standardization and control of individual caffeic acid derivatives in commercial extracts.
Determination of Synthetic Colorants in Beverages by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Effervescence-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shi Zhihong , Li Xinye , Wu Yifan , Chen Man , Zhang Hongyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was proposed for the determination of four synthetic colorants in beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography. In this method, DES synthesized from choline chloride and phenol was used as extractant. The dispersion of DES was assisted by in situ CO2 produced from the effervescence reaction between NaH2PO4 and Na2CO3 without using any organic solvent or auxiliary equipment. Furthermore, phase separation occurred naturally in the presence of the salt products of effervescence reaction, without the addition of any other salting out reagents. Some important parameters, such as species, molar ratio and volume of DES, composition and amount of effervescent agents, were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, extraction recoveries were obtained for the analytes in the range of 83.5–114.8%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.6–3.0 ng/mL. Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were &lt;4.68 and 6.08%, respectively. This simple, rapid, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method has been successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic colorants in 10 kinds of beverage samples.
Life-threatening arrhythmias in anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention: adverse impact of morphine
Authors: Sauer François , Jesel Laurence , Marchandot Benjamin , Derimay François , Bochaton Thomas , Amaz Camille , Roubille François , Cayla Guillaume , Rioufol Gilles , Garcia-Dorado David , Claeys Marc , Angoulvant Denis , Bonnefoy-Cudraz Eric , Guérin Patrice , Trinh Annie , Matsushita Kensuke , Ohlmann Patrick , Jossan Claire , Mewton Nathan , Ovize Michel , Morel Olivier 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Important controversies remain concerning the determinants of life-threatening arrhythmias during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and their impact on late adverse events. This study sought to investigate which factors might facilitate ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), in a homogeneous population of anterior STEMI patients defined by abrupt left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and no collateral flow.

Methods and results
The 967 patients, who entered into the CIRCUS (Does Cyclosporine ImpRove Clinical oUtcome in ST elevation myocardial infarction patients) study, were assessed for further analysis. Acute VT/VF was defined as VT (run of tachycardia &gt;30 s either self-terminated or requiring electrical/pharmacological cardioversion) or VF documented by electrocardiogram or cardiac monitoring, during transportation to the cathlab or initial hospitalization. VT/VF was documented in 136 patients (14.1%). Patients with VT/VF were younger and had shorter time from symptom onset to hospital arrival. Site of LAD occlusion, thrombus burden, area at risk, pre-percutaneous coronary intervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow, and ST-segment resolution were similar to that of patients without VT/VF. There was no impact of VT/VF on left ventricular remodelling or clinical outcomes. By multivariate analysis, the use of morphine (odds ratio 1.71; 95% confidence interval (1.13–2.60); P = 0.012) was the sole independent predictor of VT/VF occurrence.

Conclusions
In STEMI patients with LAD occlusion, our findings support the view that morphine could favour severe ventricular arrhythmias.
Clinical risk scores identify more patients at risk for cardiovascular events within 30 days as compared to standard ACS risk criteria: the WESTCOR study
Authors: Steiro Ole-Thomas , Tjora Hilde L , Langørgen Jørund , Bjørneklett Rune , Nygård Ottar K , Skadberg Øyvind , Bonarjee Vernon V S , Lindahl Bertil , Omland Torbjørn , Vikenes Kjell , Aakre Kristin M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Troponin-based algorithms are made to identify myocardial infarctions (MIs) but adding either standard acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk criteria or a clinical risk score may identify more patients eligible for early discharge and patients in need of urgent revascularization.

Methods and results
Post-hoc analysis of the WESTCOR study including 932 patients (mean 63 years, 61% male) with suspected NSTE-ACS. Serum samples were collected at 0, 3, and 8–12 h and high-sensitivity cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) and cTnI (Abbott Diagnostics) were analysed. The primary endpoint was MI, all-cause mortality, and unplanned revascularizations within 30 days. Secondary endpoint was non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) during index hospitalization. Two combinations were compared: troponin-based algorithms (ESC 0/3 h and the High-STEACS algorithm) and either ACS risk criteria recommended in the ESC guidelines, or one of eleven clinical risk scores, HEART, mHEART, CARE, GRACE, T-MACS, sT-MACS, TIMI, EDACS, sEDACS, Goldman, and Geleijnse–Sanchis. The prevalence of primary events was 21%. Patients ruled out for NSTEMI and regarded low risk of ACS according to ESC guidelines had 3.8–4.9% risk of an event, primarily unplanned revascularizations. Using HEART score instead of ACS risk criteria reduced the number of events to 2.2–2.7%, with maintained efficacy. The secondary endpoint was met by 13%. The troponin-based algorithms without evaluation of ACS risk missed three-index NSTEMIs with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.5% and 99.6%.

Conclusion
Combining ESC 0/3 h or the High-STEACS algorithm with standardized clinical risk scores instead of ACS risk criteria halved the prevalence of rule-out patients in need of revascularization, with maintained efficacy.
Effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on in-hospital outcomes among active cancer patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed O , Van Spall Harriette G C , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Alkhouli Mohamad , Barac Ana , Elgendy Islam Y , Khan Safi U , Kwok Chun Shing , Shoaib Ahmad , Bhatt Deepak L , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the gold standard, guideline-recommended revascularization strategy in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there are limited data on its use and effectiveness among patients with active cancer presenting with STEMI.

Methods and results
All STEMI hospitalizations between 2004 and 2015 from the National Inpatient Sample were retrospectively analysed, stratified by cancer type. Propensity score matching was performed to estimate the average treatment effect of pPCI in each cancer on in-hospital adverse events, including major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and its individual components, and compare treatment effect between cancer and non-cancer patients. Out of 1 870 815 patients with STEMI, 38 932 (2.1%) had a current cancer diagnosis [haematological: 11 251 (28.9% of all cancers); breast: 4675 (12.0%); lung: 9538 (24.5%); colon: 3749 (9.6%); prostate: 9719 (25.0%)]. Patients with cancer received pPCI less commonly than those without cancer (from 54.2% for lung cancer to 70.6% for haematological vs. 82.3% in no cancer). Performance of pPCI was strongly associated with lower adjusted probabilities of MACCE and all-cause mortality in the cancer groups compared with the no cancer group. There was no significant difference in estimated average pPCI treatment effect between the cancer groups and non-cancer group.

Conclusion
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is underutilized in STEMI patients with current cancer despite its significantly lower associated rates of in-hospital all-cause mortality and MACCE that is comparable to patients without cancer. Further work is required to assess the long-term benefit and safety of pPCI in this high-risk group.
Diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs compared to high-sensitivity troponin T for the detection of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Biener Moritz , Giannitsis Evangelos , Thum Thomas , Bär Christian , Costa Alessia , Andrzejewski Thomas , Stoyanov Kiril M , Vafaie Mehrshad , Meder Benjamin , Katus Hugo A , de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Mueller-Hennessen Matthias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
To assess the diagnostic value of microRNAs (miRNAs) for the detection of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods and results
A total of 1042 patients presenting between August 2014 and April 2017 to the emergency department with the suspected acute coronary syndrome were included. Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed per criteria of the fourth Universal definition of myocardial infarction (UDMI) using high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT). Expression levels of eleven microRNAs (miR-21, miR-22, miR-29a, miR-92a, miR-122, miR-126, miR-132, miR-133, miR-134, miR-191, and miR-423) were determined using RT-qPCR. Discrimination of NSTEMI was assessed for individual and a panel of miRNAs compared to the hs-cTnT reference using C-statistics and reclassification analysis. NSTEMI was diagnosed in 137 (13.1%) patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of the hs-cTnT based reference was 0.937. In a multivariate model, three miRNAs (miR-122, miR-133, and miR-134) were found to be associated with NSTEMI with AUCs between 0.506 and 0.656. A panel consisting of these miRNAs revealed an AUC of 0.662 for the diagnosis of NSTEMI. The AUC of the combination of the miRNA panel and troponin reference was significantly lower than the reference standard (AUC: 0.897 vs. 0.937, P = 0.006). Despite a significant improvement of NSTEMI reclassification measured by IDI and NRI, miRNAs did not improve the specificity of hs-cTnT kinetic changes for the diagnosis of NSTEMI (ΔAUC: 0.04).

Conclusion
Although single miRNAs are significantly associated with the diagnosis of NSTEMI a miRNA panel does not add diagnostic accuracy to the hs-cTnT reference considering baseline values and kinetic changes as recommended by the fourth version of UDMI.

Clinical Trials Identifier
NCT02116153