bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved oncological outcome after radical prostatectomy in patients staged with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET: a single-center retrospective cohort comparison
Authors: Ferraro Daniela A. , Lehner Fabienne , Becker Anton S. , Kranzbühler Benedikt , Kudura Ken , Mebert Iliana , Messerli Michael , Hermanns Thomas , Eberli Daniel , Burger Irene A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has superior sensitivity over conventional imaging (CI) to stage prostate cancer (PCa) and therefore is increasingly used in staging to stratify patients before radical therapy. Whether this improved diagnostic accuracy translates into improved outcome after radical prostatectomy (RPE) has not yet been shown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the oncological outcome after RPE between patients that underwent preoperative staging with CI or PSMA-PET for intermediate and high-risk PCa.

Methods
We retrospectively selected all patients that underwent RPE for intermediate- or high-risk PCa at our institution before PSMA-PET introduction (between March 2014 and September 2016) and compared the oncologic outcome of patients staged with PSMA-PET (between October 2016 and October 2018). Oncological pre-surgical risk parameters (age, PSA, D’Amico score, biopsy-ISUP, and cT stage) were compared between the groups. Oncological outcome was determined as PSA persistence, nerve-sparing rate, and surgical margin status. Wilcoxon rank-sum, Fisher’s, and chi-square tests where used for statistical testing.

Results
One hundred five patients were included, 53 in the CI group and 52 in the PSMA-group. Patients in the PSMA group had higher ISUP grade (p < 0.001) and D’Amico score (p < 0.05). The rate of free surgical margins and PSA persistence after RPE was 64% and 17% for the CI and 77% and 6% for the PSMA group (p = 0.15 and 0.13, respectively). Subgroup analysis with high-risk patients revealed PSA persistence in 7% (3/44) in the PSMA group and 25% (7/28) in the CI group (p = 0.04). Limitations include the retrospective design and choline-PET for some patients in the CI group.

Conclusion
Immediate outcome after RPE was not worse in the PSMA group compared with the CI group, despite a higher-risk cohort. In a comparison of only high-risk patients, PSMA-PET staging was associated with a significantly lower rate of postsurgical PSA persistence.
CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5′UTR) in colorectal cancer
Authors: Denk S. , Schmidt S. , Schurr Y. , Schwarz G. , Schote F. , Diefenbacher M. , Armendariz C. , Dejure F. , Eilers M. , Wiegering Armin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level.

Methods
To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines.

Results
Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5′UTR.

Conclusions
Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
Phase portraits, Lyapunov functions, and projective geometry
Authors: Naiwert Lilija , Spindler Karlheinz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe discuss two problems which grew out of an introductory differential equations class but were solved only later, each after having been put into a different context. First, how do you find a rather complicated Lyapunov function with your bare hands, without using a fully developed theory (while reconstructing the steps leading up to such a theory)? Second, how can you obtain a global picture of the phase-portrait of a dynamical system (thereby invoking ideas from projective geometry)? Since classroom experiences played an important part in the making of this paper, didactical aspects will also be discussed.
Qualitative exploration of the medical learner’s journey into correctional health care at an academic medical center and its implications for medical education
Authors: Hashmi Ahmar H. , Bennett Alina M. , Tajuddin Nadeem N. , Hester Rebecca J. , Glenn Jason E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCorrectional systems in several U.S. states have entered into partnerships with academic medical centers (AMCs) to provide healthcare for persons who are incarcerated. One AMC specializing in the care of incarcerated patients is the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), which hosts the only dedicated prison hospital in the U.S. and supplies 80% of the medical care for the entire Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). Nearly all medical students and residents at UTMB take part in the care of the incarcerated. This research, through qualitative exploration using focus group discussions, sets out to characterize the correctional care learning environment medical trainees enter. Participants outlined an institutional culture of low prioritization and neglect that dominated the learning environment in the prison hospital, resulting in treatment of the incarcerated as second-class patients. Medical learners pointed to delays in care, both within the prison hospital and within the TDCJ system, where diagnostic, laboratory, and medical procedures were delivered to incarcerated patients at a lower priority compared to free-world patients. Medical learners elaborated further on ethical issues that included the moral judgment of those who are incarcerated, bias in clinical decision making, and concerns for patient autonomy. Medical learners were left to grapple with complex challenges like the problem of dual loyalties without opportunities to critically reflect upon what they experienced. This study finds that, without specific vulnerable populations training for both trainees and correctional care faculty to address these institutional dynamics, AMCs risk replicating a system of exploitation and neglect of incarcerated patients and thereby exacerbating health inequities.
An Optimal Transport Approach for the Schrödinger Bridge Problem and Convergence of Sinkhorn Algorithm
Authors: Marino Simone Di , Gerolin Augusto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper exploit the equivalence between the Schrödinger Bridge problem (Léonard in J Funct Anal 262:1879–1920, 2012; Nelson in Phys Rev 150:1079, 1966; Schrödinger in Über die umkehrung der naturgesetze. Verlag Akademie der wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter de Gruyter u, Company, 1931) and the entropy penalized optimal transport (Cuturi in: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 2292–2300, 2013; Galichon and Salanié in: Matching with trade-offs: revealed preferences over competing characteristics. CEPR discussion paper no. DP7858, 2010) in order to find a different approach to the duality, in the spirit of optimal transport. This approach results in a priori estimates which are consistent in the limit when the regularization parameter goes to zero. In particular, we find a new proof of the existence of maximizing entropic-potentials and therefore, the existence of a solution of the Schrödinger system. Our method extends also when we have more than two marginals: the main new result is the proof that the Sinkhorn algorithm converges even in the continuous multi-marginal case. This provides also an alternative proof of the convergence of the Sinkhorn algorithm in two marginals.
An African contribution to the constitutional right to modern schooling 150 years ago
Authors: Adick Christel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article highlights the stipulation of the provision of formal schooling in a regional constitution drafted in West Africa in 1871, almost 150 years ago. The constitution under discussion originated in Fanteland, a coastal region of the Gold Coast (modern-day southern Ghana), and was the main achievement of a historical movement which sought to unite several smaller kingdoms and communities into a Fante Confederation (1868–1873). While the whole idea of a written constitution which includes the aspect of formal schooling may seem rather “European” or “Western” at a first glance, it is remarkable in that one would not expect it to have occurred in West Africa at that time. The author of this article argues that the Fante Constitution in fact represents a unique early African attempt to construct a modern nation-state based on a written constitution, and that the sections which stipulate and regulate formal schooling are central to its vision. The author embeds the sections concerning education in an analysis of the specific historical situation of the Fante people in West Africa before the establishment of formal British colonial rule on the Gold Coast. She develops two main theses: the constitution (a) is an “African” contribution to educational policymaking, which (b) accords “modern” schooling a crucial role in state-building. She presents these theses in the light of the historical record and competing interpretations in historical discourse.
Justification and Opposition of Mass Killing: Black Sun—The Nanking Massacre
Authors: Hu Lung-Lung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractJapan was supposed to obey the law during the second world war. However, the Nanjing Massacre still happened. Hirohito, the Japanese emperor, deliberately avoided mentioning the International Treaties in the imperial rescript of the Great East Asia War in 1937. The Nanking Massacre was carried out according to the Japanese army’s interpretation of the imperial rescript. Such a legal interpretation was rooted in the idea that Japan had to educate the Chinese and transform China by killing its people in order to pursue a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere led by Japan. In the film Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre (1995), we can see both a justification of and an opposition to killing. In this paper I am going to show how the imperial rescript is used to justify this mass killing is and how opposing arguments are used to show its cruelty and absurdity, which is taken as a means to achieve a greater good.
Micropropagation and HPLC-DAD, UPLC MS/MS analysis of oenothein B and phenolic acids in shoot cultures and in regenerated plants of fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub)
Authors: Dreger Mariola , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Szalata Milena , Wielgus Karolina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, a micropropagation protocol using nodal explants from in vitro grown plants of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub was developed and analysis of oenothein B and selected phenolic acids in shoot cultures was performed for the first time. For shoot induction and multiplication Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), zeatin (Z) and 6-benzyloaminopurine (BAP) was used. 2iP was the most responsive in terms of promoting shoots per explant with the maximum (6.57 ± 1.14) recorded at a concentration of 2.0 mg L−1 after 6 weeks of culture. After two subcultures the multiplication rate was increased up to 19 shoots per explant on medium with 2iP (1.0 mg L−1). To prevent tissue browning, ascorbic acid and casein hydrolysate were added to the induction medium, resulting in a reduction of browning by 30%. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and acclimatized with 97% frequency. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of oenothein B and phenolic acid contents in in vitro regenerated shoots as well as in ex vitro plants were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS) methods. Oenothein B (1.62‒4.55 g 100 g−1 DW), ellagic acid, gallic and caffeic acids were identified in in vitro regenerated plants. The results of this study confirm that the oenothein B-producing plantlets can be obtained using the micropropagation method with axillary shoots being a valuable source of oenothein B and phenolic acids.
Prehistoric exploitation of minerals resources. Experimentation and use-wear analysis of grooved stone tools from Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Caricola Isabella , Breglia Francesco , Larocca Felice , Hamon Caroline , Lemorini Cristina , Giligny François 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Calabria region of Southern Italy is rich in mineralisation. Unfortunately, no consistent data are available about mineral exploitation in the later prehistoric periods. The Grotta della Monaca mine in Calabria is a prehistoric site that is characterised by the mineralisation of iron ores (such as goethite) and copper carbonates (malachite and azurite). For this reason, the site provides an exceptional opportunity to study a prehistoric mine in which several minerals were exploited during the late Neolithic and early Chalcolithic. In this study, we present the results of an experimental protocol and use-wear analysis conducted using macro-lithic tool replicas to extract mineral resources. The experimental test aimed at reconstructing the function of grooved stone tools found at Grotta della Monaca. Use-wear observation, through a combined low- and high-power approach on experimental and archaeological objects, allowed us to define different extraction techniques and methods of mineral treatments. These data enhance our understanding and reconstruction of the chaîne opératoires, economic choices, and cultural aspects that characterised prehistoric miners in Southern Italy.
Development of a Situational Awareness Estimation Model Considering Traffic Environment for Unscheduled Takeover Situations
Authors: Hayashi Hiroaki , Oka Naoki , Kamezaki Mitsuhiro , Sugano Shigeki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn semi-autonomous vehicles (SAE level 3) that requires drivers to takeover (TO) the control in critical situations, a system needs to judge if the driver have enough situational awareness (SA) for manual driving. We previously developed a SA estimation system that only used driver’s glance data. For deeper understanding of driver’s SA, the system needs to evaluate the relevancy between driver’s glance and surrounding vehicle and obstacles. In this study, we thus developed a new SA estimation model considering driving-relevant objects and investigated the relationship between parameters. We performed TO experiments in a driving simulator to observe driver’s behavior in different position of surrounding vehicles and TO performance such as the smoothness of steering control. We adopted support vector machine to classify obtained dataset into safe and dangerous TO, and the result showed 83% accuracy in leave-one-out cross validation. We found that unscheduled TO led to maneuver error and glance behavior differed from individuals.
Changes in pneumatization of the maxillary air sinuses in Korean adults following biomimetic oral appliance therapy
Authors: Singh G. Dave , Kim Hee Nam 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveFor the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are often used. Since adults with a prognathic mandibular phenotype are at risk of developing an unfavorable facial profile, midfacial development using biomimetic oral appliance therapy might provide a suitable alternative. However, the effect of this procedure on the maxillary air sinuses is unknown; therefore, changes in sinus pneumatization were investigated in this study.MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent, 16 consecutive Korean adults with midfacial hypoplasia had 3D cone‐beam (CB) CT scans taken, and biomimetic upper appliances (DNA appliance®, Vivos Therapeutics, Inc., USA) were constructed.All subjects were instructed to wear the device 12–16 h/day. Each month, examination for the progress of midfacial development was recorded. Post‐treatment, a follow‐up 3D CBCT scan was undertaken with no device in the patient's mouth. Pre‐ and post‐treatment linear and volumetric measurements were obtained using appropriate software, and compared statistically using t‐tests.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 25.0 yrs ± 8.7. The mean treatment time was 15.5 mths ± 5.2. Post‐treatment, the transpalatal bone width increased from 35.3 mm ± 3.0 to 38.5 mm ± 2.0 (P < 0.001); the maxillary air sinus volume on the left side increased from 18.8 cm3 ± 6.5 to 20.0 cm3 ± 6.0 (P < 0.05), and from 18.5 cm3 ± 5.7 to 19.7 cm3 ± 5.8 (P < 0.05) on the right side.ConclusionsBiomimetic oral appliance therapy may be able to increase the maxillary air sinus volume in adults. In view of these preliminary findings, further studies on the effect of enhanced pneumatization on paranasal sinus function and sleep parameters are warranted.
Changing ice and changing light: trends in solar heat input to the upper Arctic ocean from 1988 to 2014
Authors: Perovich Donald , Light Bonnie , Dickinson Suzanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Arctic sea-ice cover has undergone a significant decline in recent decades. The melt season is starting earlier, ice is thinner and seasonal ice dominates. Here we examine the effects of these changes on the solar heat input to the upper ocean in ice-covered Arctic waters from 1985 to 2014. Satellite observations of ice concentration, onset dates of melt and freeze-up and ice age, are combined with ice thicknesses from the PIOMAS model and incident solar irradiance from reanalysis products to calculate the contributions of open ocean and ice to the solar heat input in the upper ocean. Of the total, 86% of the area has positive trends for solar heat input to the ocean through leads due to decreases in ice concentration. Only 62% of the area shows positive trends of solar heat input to the ocean explicitly through the ice. Positive trends are due to thinning ice, while negative trends occur in regions where the ice-free season has lengthened. The annual total solar heat input to the ocean exhibits positive trends in 82% of the area. The spatial pattern of the cumulative annual total solar heat input is similar to the pattern of solar heat input directly to leads.
Empiricism, Constructivism, and Grand Theory in Sociological Approaches to Law: The Case of Transnational Private Regulation
Authors: Kampourakis Ioannis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSociological approaches to law in both Germany and the UK have been characterized by internal divisions and divergent methodologies and aspirations. While, in the UK, empirical socio-legal studies have been a prominent way of studying how law shapes and is shaped by social institutions, in Germany, the “grand theory” of systemtheoretical approaches to law has had a lasting impact. In this Article, I discuss the epistemological contrast between these two sociological approaches to law by focusing on how they address transnational private regulation. Empirical socio-legal studies share an epistemic commitment to an objective and knowable social reality, and they tend to see human actors as the motors of history. Thus they focus on the interrelational dynamics within Global Value Chains (GVCs), searching for “what works” in transnational private regulation. On the contrary, systemstheory oriented sociological jurisprudence views social reality as constructed and fragmented into the epistemes of different social systems. GVCs are understood as selfreferential normative orders, in which the question of agency and human actors is secondary—the emphasis is on communications and anonymous forces of ordering. Attempting to inspect the possibilities for synthesis, I ask how “big” we can and should think in law and society. I thus attempt to outline an approach that starts from the materiality of social structures to investigate processes beyond individual agency and to uncover elements of normative reconstruction of the particular area of social activity.
Euromaidan Abroad: The Social Movement Motivations of Young Ukrainian Immigrants
Authors: Korzh Alla , Kovalchuk Serhiy , Marshall Adj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to support the Euromaidan from abroad. Existing research has documented social movements within their national boundaries and the participation of young people in them. However, it has rarely examined the expansion of social movements beyond their national boundaries and the engagement of young immigrants in such movements. Drawing on a larger qualitative study, this article presents the findings about what motivated 24 young Ukrainian immigrants residing in the USA to support the Euromaidan movement of 2013–2014 and compares their motivations to those of the protestors in Ukraine. We argue that motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to support the Euromaidan from abroad manifest themselves in symbolic or psychological causes. Our findings demonstrate that the individual motivations were driven by an ideological commitment to systemic change in Ukraine, manifested through young Ukrainian immigrants’ (1) desire to end injustice, (2) solidarity with fellow Ukrainians, (3) moral obligation to raise awareness among the US public, and, most prominently, (4) sense of agency to contribute to the long-awaited change in the homeland. Our findings also show that overall, the motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to join the movement aligned with those of the protestors in Ukraine.