bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated metabolo‐transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Su Peisen , Zhao Lanfei , Li Wen , Zhao Jinxiao , Yan Jun , Ma Xin , Li Anfei , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Perch) results in large yield losses in annual global wheat production. Although studies have identified a number of wheat FHB resistance genes, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance to F. graminearum is required for the control of FHB. Here, an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of infected wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) enabled identification of 789 differentially accumulated metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolamides, tryptamine derivatives, and phytohormones, and revealed altered expression of more than 100 genes that function in the biosynthesis or regulation of these pathways. Our data regarding the effects of F. graminearum infection on flavonoids and auxin signaling led to follow‐up experiments that showed that exogenous kaempferide and apigenin application on spikes increased wheat resistance to FHB, while exogenous auxin treatment increased FHB susceptibility. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of the gene encoding the auxin receptor, TaTIR1, increased FHB resistance. Our data supported the use of TaTIR1 knockdown in controlling FHB. Our study provides insights on the wheat response to F. graminearum infection and its FHB resistance mechanisms while illustrating the potential of TaTIR1 knockdown in increasing FHB resistance during crop improvement programs.
Summer and Winter Marine Heatwaves Favor an Invasive Over Native Seaweeds
Authors: Atkinson James , King Nathan G. , Wilmes Sophie B. , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: July 2020

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are emerging as forceful agents of ecosystem change and are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity with climate change. During MHWs, physiological thresholds of native species may be exceeded while the performance of invasive species with warm affinities may be enhanced. As a consequence, MHWs could significantly alter an ecosystem's invasive dynamics, but such interactions are poorly understood. Following a 10‐d acclimation period, we investigated the physiological resistance and resilience of an intertidal rock pool assemblage invaded by the seaweed Sargassum muticum to realistic 14‐d marine heatwave scenarios (+1.5°C, +2.0°C, +3.5°C) followed by a 14‐d recovery period. We conducted mesocosm experiments in both summer and winter to investigate temporal variability of MHWs. MHW treatments had clear negative impacts on native seaweeds (Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus) while enhancing the performance of S. muticum. This pattern was consistent across season indicating that acclimation to cooler ambient temperatures results in winter MHWs having significant impacts on native species. As climate warming advances, this may ultimately lead to changes in competitive interactions and potentially exclusion of native species, while invasive species may proliferate and become more conspicuous within temperate rocky shore environments.
Reduced stress responses by MS‐222 in juvenile silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)
Authors: Yu Na , Cao Xiaohuan , Wang Yajun , Kuang Siwen , Hu Jiabao , Yang Yang , Xu Shanliang , Zhang Man , Sun Yibo , Gu Weiwei , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus is a major economically important marine fish in China. However, P. argenteus is sensitive to many stress factors and susceptible to injury. This problem could be resolved using anesthesia. We determined the lowest effective dose (LED) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222) and assessed the longest safe deep anesthesia time and effect after chasing. P. argenteus juveniles were exposed to six concentrations of MS‐222 (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/L); LED was established at 75 mg/L. The juveniles were exposed to different deep anesthesia times (4, 7, 10, 12, and 15 min) at 75 mg/L; the longest safe deep anesthesia time under LED was 10 min. Finally, the juveniles were randomly divided into four groups: Control (no treatment at all) group (CG), Draining stress without MS‐222 group (DG), draining + chasing stress with MS‐222 (MS + DCG), and draining + chasing stress without MS‐222 (DCG). Plasma cortisol levels in the DCG, MS + DCG, DG, and CG groups were 38.739 ± 1.065 (highest), 25.083 ± 0.587, 28.644 ± 0.612, and 22.620 ± 0.836 ng/ml (lowest). When superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) activities of the DCG group were compared with those of the other three groups, a significant increase (p < .05) was observed. However, the DG and MS + DCG groups showed no significant increase (p > .05) in SOD, MDA, GSH, and CAT activities. The MS + DCG group showed significantly (p < .05) higher GSH, SOD, CAT, and MDA activities than the control before stress. Before aquaculture treatment, HSP70, HSP90, GR1, and GR2 mRNA levels showed no significant differences (p > .05), whereas HSP70, HSP90, GR1, and GR2 mRNA levels in the DCG group increased sharply. GR1 and GR2 mRNA levels in the MS + DCG group also increased significantly, whereas HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels showed no significant differences. Thus, MS‐222 can reduce oxidative damage, stress reaction, and resistance to aquaculture treatment stresses in P. argenteus.
Cognitive and Neurological Mechanisms of Cuteness Perception: A New Perspective on Moral Education
Authors: Zhang Zhicong , Zhou Jiaxian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTEffects of cuteness‐perception on individual cognition, emotion, behavior have significant implications for moral education. On the one hand, cuteness perception will make individuals think that moral violations are more serious and lead to tougher moral judgments; on the other hand, cuteness perception can activate moral emotions such as compassion and empathy, and induce to expand the scope of moral concern. Cuteness perception can also promote people to engage in altruistic moral behaviors such as donating, helping, etc. Based on these findings, we suggest to provide the lively content of moral education with diverse educational forms and take advantage of the anthropomorphic effect of cuteness while reduce the negative effects of cuteness.
Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Cleansing Effects of the Portuguese Financial Crisis*
Authors: Dias Daniel A. , Robalo Marques Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing firm‐level data, this paper shows that the Portuguese financial crisis was a period of intensified productivity‐enhancing reallocation. Aggregate productivity gains, both in manufacturing and services, came from relatively higher contributions of entering and exiting firms and from reallocation of resources between surviving firms. At the micro level, the crisis reduced the probability of survival for high‐ and low‐productivity firms, but it hit low‐productivity firms disproportionately harder. We also found important heterogeneous effects across economic sectors regarding input reallocation that underline the importance of using data for the entire economy whenever similar studies are conducted.
Delinquency, Arrest and Early School Leaving*
Authors: Ward Shannon , Williams Jenny , van Ours Jan C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoys typically initiate delinquent behaviour during their teenage years, and many go on to be arrested. We show that engaging in delinquency and being arrested in youth are each associated with early school leaving. The effect of delinquency on school leaving is largely driven by crimes that produce a monetary return, and the increase in school leaving is greater when onset of these types of crime, and arrest, occur at younger ages. The sizeable impact of delinquency on school leaving highlights the need for crime prevention efforts to extend beyond youth who come into contact with the justice system.
Can diet‐induced weight loss improve iron homoeostasis in patients with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Teng I‐Chun , Tseng Sung‐Hui , Aulia Bianda , Shih Chun‐Kuang , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Chang Jung‐Su 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDespite the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and iron deficiency (ID), there are still no guidelines on how to treat and manage obesity‐related ID. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate whether weight loss can re‐establish iron homoeostasis among subjects with unhealthy weight (overweight [OW] or obesity). PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systemically searched for studies that compared the iron status before and after a weight‐loss intervention. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled and subgroup weighted mean differences (WMDs) of iron biomarkers. In total, 879 subjects were pooled across 14 studies. Improved haemoglobin was found in longitudinal studies (WMD = 2.50 g/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 4.12 g/dl, I2 = 14%) but not in randomized controlled trials or after being stratified by dietary programmes. Significantly increased transferrin saturation was observed in pooled (WMD = 1.68%, 95% CI: 0.97%, 2.39%, I2 = 44%) and subgroup analyses. A meta‐regression showed that changes in the iron status were positively correlated with changes in the body mass index (BMI) and the intervention duration but negatively correlated with the baseline body weight/BMI, age, gender and a standard hypocaloric diet. Our data suggested that in spite of energy restrictions, weight loss may help re‐establish iron homoeostasis in people who are OW or obese.
Primary prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Flodgren Gerd M. , Helleve Arnfinn , Lobstein Tim , Rutter Harry , Klepp Knut‐Inge 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to summarize evidence from up‐to‐date reviews of the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. We searched nine databases for systematic reviews published between January 2008 and November 2019. We used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 to assess the quality of reviews, excluding those of critically low quality, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool to grade the certainty of included evidence. We included 13 reviews. Three reviews focused on dietary behaviour, six on physical activity, and four on both types of behaviours. Individual‐oriented and school‐based interventions dominated. Results across reviews showed little or no effect on body mass index, or physical activity levels of adolescents, whereas results from a couple of reviews suggest possibly beneficial effects of public health interventions on dietary behaviours (i.e., consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages). The certainty of evidence was low to very low for all outcomes. Overall, the evidence base for the effect of primary interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in adolescents is weak. In particular, there is a lack of reviews assessing the impact of environmental interventions targeting adolescents, and reviews addressing social inequality are virtually absent from this body of literature.
Expression profile of lipoxygenases in gingival tissues of human periodontitis
Authors: Lin Lu , Yu Weijun , Zhang Weiqi , Li Shuang , Hu Shucheng , Jiang Bin , Gu Yuting , Lu Eryi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the expression profile and significance of lipoxygenases in periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThe mRNA levels of lipoxygenases in gingival tissues from 14 patients with periodontitis and 14 healthy individuals were determined by real‐time PCR, and validated in datasets, GSE16134 and GSE10334, and by Western blotting. Correlation of differentially expressed lipoxygenases with clinical parameters and expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) was investigated in patients with periodontitis by Spearman's correlation analysis.ResultsThe expression of ALOX5 (2.1‐fold, p < .05), ALOX12B (2.9‐fold, p < .001), and ALOX15B (9.4‐fold, p < .001) was upregulated in gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis, which was validated by dataset analysis and Western blotting. Positive correlations were observed between ALOX5 and probing depth, and ALOX15B and probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Furthermore, ALOX5 expression was positively correlated with TNF‐α, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and RANKL expression, and ALOX15B was positively correlated with MMP‐8 and RANKL.ConclusionsOur findings indicated the upregulation of ALOX5 and ALOX15B in periodontitis and suggested that ALOX5 and ALOX15B may be involved in periodontitis pathogenesis, including inflammation, connective tissue destruction, and abnormal bone metabolism.
HUNTING STORIES IN SCANDINAVIAN ROCK ART: ASPECTS OF ‘TELLABILITY’ IN THE NORTH VERSUS THE SOUTH
Authors: Ranta Michael , Skoglund Peter , Persson Tomas , Gjerde Jan Magne 
Published: July 2020

SummaryScandinavian petroglyphs have given rise to vivid interpretations, often related to Old Norse religion and Indo‐European mythology. However, we still do not know if, how or to what extent these images are really telling stories. In this paper, we shall analyse the ways in which Scandinavian northern and southern traditions (in Alta, Northern Norway and in Norrköping, Middle Sweden, respectively) depict hunting narratives. While the northern tradition may render several phases and procedural aspects of the hunt, the southern one tends to be more focused on the killing itself, or the confrontational aspects of the hunt.A preliminary observation is that the scenes differ in ways that reflect not only different hunting traditions, but also imply different foci of interest. Put in another way, they emphasize different aspects of the hunting activity itself, of what is relevant, worth telling, or ‘tellable’.
Optimal Sagittal Insertion Depth and Direction of Femoral Intramedullary Rod in Total Knee Arthroplasty in Chinese Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Ou Yong‐liang , Li Ping‐yue , Xia Hong 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal femoral intramedullary rod insertion depth and direction on the sagittal plane in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) of Chinese osteoarthritis (OA) patients.MethodsFrom January to December 2019, CT data were collected for 85 consecutive entire lower extremity Chinese OA patients. A three‐dimensional method was used to simulate intramedullary rod penetration. The intramedullary rods were inserted toward the anterior (TA), center (TC), and posterior (TP) of the femoral canal, respectively. Four penetration depths of 150, 200, 250, and 300 mm from the joint line were set. The intersection angle was measured between the simulated intramedullary rod and the mechanical axis of the femur (FMA) on the sagittal plane.ResultsOur study included 85 Chinese OA patients: 46 women, with a mean age of 65.7 ± 8.4 years (range, 51–85 years) and 39 men, with a mean age of 65.6 ± 8.1 years (range, 46–86 years). The intersection angle between the FMA and the femoral anatomical axis was smaller in men, 2.4° ± 1.6° (range, 0°–4.8°), than in women, 3.5° ± 2.3° (range, 0.7º–8.2°), with a significant statistical difference (P < 0.01). In the comparison of the intersection angle between the simulated intramedullary rod and the FMA, there was no statistical difference between TA200 and TC200 in women (P > 0.05). The proportions were up to 91% and 96% of TA200 at 0°–3° and 0°–5° intervals, respectively, but just 63% and 78% in TC200. In TA150, 76% of intersection angles were greater than 5°. Only approximately 60% in TA250 and TA300 were within the 0°–5° interval and 40% were less than 0°. Only 57% of intersection angles in TC150 were in the 0°–3° interval. TC250, TC300, and TP150 were mostly below 0°. In men, there were statistical differences between all groups. All intersection angles were greater than 5° in TA150. TA200 and TA250 were mostly greater than 5° (87% and 59%, respectively) and 72% of intersection angles were within 0°–5° interval in TA300. TC150 had 92% of intersection angles within the 0°–5° interval but only 62% between the 0° and 3° interval. In the TC200, up to 90% and 97% were within 0°–3° and 0°–5° intervals, respectively. TC300, TP150, and TP200 were mostly below 0°.ConclusionWe described an innovative method for rapidly, simply, and accurately identifying the sagittal insertion depth and direction of the femoral intramedullary rod in TKA, which can optimize the position of the femoral prosthetic component on the sagittal plane in TKA.
Comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal a novel sodium chloride responsive gene network in maize seed tissues during germination
Authors: Chen Mo‐Xian , Lu Chong‐Chong , Sun Peng‐Cheng , Nie Yong‐Xin , Tian Yuan , Hu Qi‐Juan , Das Debatosh , Hou Xuan‐Xuan , Gao Bei , Chen Xi , Liu Shou‐Xu , Zheng Cheng‐Chao , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Dai Lei , Zhang Jianhua , Liu Ying‐Gao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGermination is a plant developmental process by which radicle of mature seeds start to penetrate surrounding barriers for seedling establishment and multiple environmental factors have been shown to affect it. Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays. Preliminary germination assay suggested that isolated embryo alone was able to germinate under 200 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the intact seeds were highly repressed. We hypothesized that maize endosperm may function in perception and transduction of salt signal to surrounding tissues such as embryo, showing a completely different response to that in Arabidopsis. Since salt response involves ABA, we analysed in vivo ABA distribution and quantity and the result demonstrated that ABA level in isolated embryo under NaCl treatment failed to increase in comparison with the water control, suggesting that the elevation of ABA level is an endosperm dependent process. Subsequently, by using advanced profiling techniques such as RNA sequencing and SWATH‐MS‐based quantitative proteomics, we found substantial differences in post‐transcriptional and translational changes between salt‐treated embryo and endosperm. In summary, our results indicate that these regulatory mechanisms, such as alternative splicing, are likely to mediate early responses to salt stress during maize seed germination.
Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for the treatment of intolerable palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis in children is associated with high recurrence rates
Authors: Verhaegh Arjan J. F. P. , Kuijpers Michiel , Boon Maartje , DeJongste Mike J. L. , Bouma Wobbe , Mariani Massimo A. , Klinkenberg Theo J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of palmar and axillary primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) in children up to 16 years using thoracoscopic sympathicotomy is supported by scarce evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the results of our standardized bilateral, one‐stage, single‐port sympathicotomy (BOSS) in children up to 16 years of age.MethodsConsecutive children (n = 14) up to 16 years of age undergoing BOSS between October 2011 and June 2015 in our institution were included in this retrospective study.ResultsRecurrence of primary hyperhidrosis was noted in seven patients (50.0%), of whom five patients (35.7%) underwent reoperation. Reoperations were associated with placement of additional thoracoscopic ports (n = 1; 12.5%), intraoperative placement of pleural drains (n = 2; 25%), and prolonged air leak (n = 1; 12.5%). Despite the high recurrence and reoperation rates, overall patient satisfaction was high with a median satisfaction score of 7.5 (interquartile range of 1.75; range: 4‐9).ConclusionAlthough the overall patient satisfaction score in our cohort was good, BOSS for the treatment of intolerable palmar and axillary PFH in children up to 16 years of age is associated with a high recurrence and reoperation rate.
Impact of immediate post‐transplant parenteral iron therapy on the prevalence of anemia and short‐term allograft function in a cohort of pediatric and adolescent renal transplant recipients
Authors: Iorember Franca , Aviles Diego , Bamgbola Oluwatoyin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnemia is common but under‐diagnosed and often inadequately treated in KTX recipients. ID is the major cause of early‐onset anemia. We introduced routine use of parenteral (IV) iron in patients (2‐18 years) who had KTX between January 2011 and December 2015. We explored the clinical benefits of this practice by comparing the iron‐treated subjects [TX] with historical controls who had KTX between 2005 and 2010. The prevalence of anemia at 6 months (early‐onset) for the cohort (both the study group and controls) was 55% and for anemia at 12 months (late‐onset) was 60%. Although cause‐effect relationship may not be proven in a retrospective study design, there was a significant greater frequency of ID and anemia at 3 (P < .02) and 6 months (P < .04), and a reduced allograft function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 12 (P = .03) and 24 months (P = .04) of KTX in the control arm. Furthermore, a greater proportion of the control arm required either ESA (P = .03) or blood transfusion (P = .04) as a rescue treatment for moderate‐to‐severe anemia. In conclusion, routine parenteral iron treatment was associated with a lower prevalence of early‐ and late‐onset anemia, and a lower requirement for either ESA rescue or blood transfusion.
An Empirical Assessment of the Intrusiveness and Reasonableness of Emerging Work Surveillance Technologies in the Public Sector
Authors: Charbonneau Étienne , Doberstein Carey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs public sector work environments continue to embrace the digital governance revolution, questions of work surveillance practices and its relationship to performance management continue to evolve, but even more dramatically in the contemporary period of many public servants being forced to shift to remote work from home in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article presents the results of three surveys, two of them population‐based survey experiments, all conducted during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada that compare public servant (n = 346) and citizen (n = 1,008 phone; n = 2,001 web) attitudes to various cutting‐edge—though no doubt controversial among some—digital surveillance tools that can be used in the public sector to monitor employee work patterns, often targeted toward remote working conditions. The findings represent data that can help governments and public service associations navigate difficult questions of reasonable privacy intrusions in an increasing digitally connected workforce.Evidence for Practice

New work surveillance technologies are available to use within the public sector and will present acceptability challenges to public managers as they contemplate the introduction of these technologies.
Multimodal survey data from Canada reveals that public servants and citizens find these emerging work surveillance technologies to be quite intrusive and unreasonable but show relatively more tolerance for digital surveillance over physical surveillance practices.
Understanding surveillance anxieties among targeted employees will be key to finding a balance between employee privacy rights and employer desires to manage employees in a remote or digital environment.