bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics machine learning study with a small sample size: single random training-test set split may result in unreliable results
Authors: An Chansik , Park Yae Won , Ahn Sung Soo , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Hwiyoung , Lee Seung-Koo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine how the estimated performance of a machine learning model varies according to how a dataset is split into training and test sets using brain tumor radiomics data, under different conditions.Materials and Methods: Two binary tasks with different levels of difficulty ('simple’ task, glioblastoma [GBM, n=109] vs. brain metastasis [n=58]; 'difficult’ task, low- [n=163] vs. high grade [n=95] meningiomas) were performed using radiomics features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For each trial of the 1,000 different training-test set splits with a ratio of 7:3, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was trained by 5-fold cross-validation (CV) in the training set and tested in the test set. The model stability and performance was evaluated according to the number of input features (from 1 to 50), the sample size (full vs. undersampled), and the level of difficulty. In addition to 5-fold CV without a repetition, three other CV methods were compared: 5-fold CV with 100 repetitions, nested CV, and nested CV with 100 repetitions.Results: The highest mean cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and the higher stability (lower AUC differences between training and testing) was achieved with 6 and 13 features from the GBM and meningioma task, respectively. For the simple task, simple task with undersampling, difficult task, and difficult task with undersampling, average mean AUCs were 0.947, 0.923, 0.795, and 0.764, and average AUC differences between training and testing were 0.029, 0.054, 0.053, and 0.108, respectively. Among four CV models, the most conservative method (i.e., lowest AUC and highest relative standard deviation [RSD]) was nested CV with 100 repetitions.Conclusions: A single random split of a dataset into training and test sets may lead to an unreliable report of model performance in radiomics machine learning studies, and reporting the mean and standard deviation of model performance metrics by performing nested and/or repeated CV on the entire dataset is suggested.
Effects of Fish Oil and Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation on Bone Health
Authors: Skiba Grzegorz , Raj Stanisława , Sobol Monika , Czauderna Marian , Kowalczyk Paweł 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lambs or sheep are considered an excellent animal model for humans owing to advantages related to bone anatomy, formation, biomechanical characteristics; bone strength; and absorption of minerals and vitamins. Moreover, bone healing in many animal species is faster than that in humans, whereas bone healing, turnover, and remodelling in sheep and humans are comparable. In this context, it would be interesting to examine the effects of bioactive components of diet (including Se and carnosic acid) on bone mineralisation and strength, since these are the most important indicators of bone status. This knowledge may be useful in the context of orthopaedic research, recovery after orthopaedic surgeries, and prevention of skeletal diseases in humans.Results: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects partial replacement of rapeseed oil (RO) with fish oil (FO) combined with dietary supplementation of various antioxidants on the characteristics of lamb femur. Thirty male lambs were assigned to five dietary treatments and fed isoproteinous and isoenergetic diets for 35 days. The control diet was enriched with 3.0% RO, while the experimental diets were enriched either only with 2.0% RO and 1.0% FO or additionally with 0.1% carnosic acid, 0.1% carnosic acid and 0.35 ppm Se as selenised yeast, or 0.1% carnosic acid and 0.35 ppm Se as sodium selenite. After 35 days, the lambs were slaughtered, and the femur was dissected from the carcass of each animal and analysed for morphometric properties.Conclusions: The present study indicated that dietary bioactive components may improve bone health by promoting bone mineralisation in lambs. Partial replacement of RO with FO combined with dietary supplementation of carnosic acid and organic Se improved the geometric, densitometric, and biomechanical properties of lamb femur.
Clinical Insights into Cisplatin-Induced Arrhythmia in a Patient with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Yan , Guo Fengzhu , Dai Shuang , Liu Jiewei , Luo Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Cardiotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many antineoplastic agents including anthracyclines and paclitaxel. However, it has not been defined as a causal side effect of cisplatin.Case report: We report a 69-year-old male with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who developed a cardiotoxic event induced by cisplatin that was manifested primarily as arrhythmia. The frequency and severity of the arrhythmia had a strong temporal relationship with the administration of cisplatin, which made it probable that cisplatin was responsible for the cardiotoxicity observed. Discussion: The arrhythmias might be at least partly due to cancer pain through stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to patients with pre-existing cardiac disease and/or mediastinal tumors. It is important to evaluate cardiac function prior to chemotherapy and to consider cardiac monitoring during cisplatin infusions in susceptible patients with no more ECG abnormalities detected.
De Novo Donor-specific HLA Antibodies Reduce Graft Survival and Increase Risk of Kidney Transplant Rejection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Jie , Kang Zhong-Yu , Xiao Yan-Li , Yang Li , Liu Chun , Li Dai-Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impact of posttransplantation de novo donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (dnDSAs) on long-term death-censored graft survival and renal allograft rejection.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 121 patients who received kidney transplants from deceased donors with negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch. Based on the presence of dnDSAs, recipients were divided into dnDSA+ (n=31) and dnDSA− (n=90) groups. We evaluated the occurrence of rejection and long-term graft survival in the recipients along with pathologic changes in transplanted kidneys.Results: DnDSAs were identified in 31/121 (25.6%) patients, who had lower graft survival rates than patients without dnDSAs (P=0.007). There was no difference in graft survival rate between patients with high (≥4000) and low (<4000) DSA mean fluorescence intensity (P=0.669). The presence of dnDSA in serum was associated with a higher incidence of antigen- and T-cell–mediated rejection (P<0.0001). DnDSA+ and dnDSA− groups differed in terms of Banff score for arterial fibrointimal and arteriolar hyaline thickening (P<0.05).Conclusion: DnDSAs are associated with decreased long-term graft survival and increased rate of rejection, which is often accompanied by microcirculatory inflammation and positive C4d staining.
Dual Enzyme-like Performances of PLGA Grafted Maghemite Nanocrystals and Their Synergistic Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy for Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells
Authors: Wang Xueqin , Cui Miao , Ouyang Fan , Guo Yuqi , Li Ruifang , Duan Shaofeng , Xiong Tiandi , Zhang Huiru , Wang Yunlong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Advancing nanocatalytic therapies of tumors formed on non-toxic but catalytically active inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have aroused great interest in tumor therapy recently, but the limited reactive oxygen species within tumors may limit treatment efficiency. Therefore, the combination of chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy is a promising treatment strategy. Herein, poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) grafted-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPPLGA) with dual response of endogenous peroxidase (POD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activities has been reported. On the one hand, the NPPLGA could serve as a drug delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-tumor drug used to treat lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. On the other hand, based on the mimetic enzyme properties of NPPLGA, it can be combined with DOX to treat lung cancer. The results show that the NPPLGA could be simulated the CAT-like activity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into H2O and O2 under neutral tumor microenvironment, so as to reduce the oxidative damage caused by H2O2 to lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Under acidic microenvironment, NPPLGA could simulate POD-like activity to effectively catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to induce the death of tumor-cell through regular catalytic reaction of Fenton. Furthermore, the POD-like activity of NPPLGA synergistic with DOX can promote the apoptosis and destruction of A549 cells and enhance the antitumor impact of DOX-NPPLGA. Therefore, this study provides an efficacious dual inorganic biomimetic nanozyme-based nanoplatform for lung tumor treatment.
Pancreatic-Type Mixed Acinar Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case Report And Review of Literature
Authors: Ooe Yuka , WATANABE Kishichiro , HASHIMOTO Isaya , TAKENAKA Satoshi , OJIMA Toshihiko , YAMAMOTO Seiichi , FUJII Hisatake 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A majority of gastrointestinal tumors are adenocarcinoma. Rarely, there is also a type of tumors such as acinar cell carcinoma, which are often called pancreatic-type acinar cell carcinoma. Among those, some are differentiated into neuroendocrine components. A few of them can be called MiNENs. Case presentation: The patient was an 80-year old male who was referred to our hospital for treatments of a pedunculated gastric tumor. It was 5 cm in diameter and detected in the upper gastric body with upper GI endoscopy conducted for investigation of anemia. In the biopsy, although a kind of hyperplasia of gastric gland cell was pointed out, no tumor cells were found. Retrospectively, the diagnosis was turned out to be a misdiagnosis. An operation was arranged because bleeding from the tumor was suspected as a cause of anemia and because a surgical resection was considered to be desirable for accurate diagnosis. Hence, laparoscopy and endoscopy cooperative surgery was performed. In pathological examination, several types of epithelial cells which proliferated in the area between mucosa and deep inside the submucosa were observed. These consisted of acinar-glandular/trabecular patterns and solid pattern. A diagnosis of pancreatic-type acinar cell carcinoma of the stomach with NET G2 and G3 was made based on characteristic cellular findings and the result of immunostaining tests. Each of them consisted of more than 30% of the lesion; a diagnosis of pancreatic-type mixed acinar neuroendocrine carcinoma (pancreatic-type MiNEN) of the stomach, or a type of gastric MiNEN was obtained. Anemia was resolved after operation, and the patient was discharged from the hospital without perioperative complications. Conclusions: Pancreatic-type ACC of the stomach which is differentiated into neuroendocrine tumor is very rare. Hence, we report this case along with several literature reviews.
Cerebral Injury Promotes Regeneration of The Brachial Plexus
Authors: su fan , Wang Guobao , Li Tie , Xu Wendong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Our previous trial of contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer (CC7) for spastic arm paralysis suggested that regeneration of the C7 nerve seems to be faster in patients undergoing nerve transfer due to cerebral injury compared to patients receiving surgery due to brachial plexus injury (BPI). This finding needs to be further verified, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The present study compared C7 regeneration between two groups of patients and animal models. Proteomics was utilized to reveal the mechanism mediating the promotion of C7 nerve regeneration.Methods: We assessed Tinel’s sign in the arm after C7 transfer and compared the latency to the appearance of Tinel’s sign to evaluate regeneration. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and BPI were induced in C57 mice to establish injury models. C7 regeneration was assessed by electrophysiology and histology. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins identified by proteomics suggested altered inflammation related to TBI. qPCR and histology were performed to assess the inflammatory environment in the C7 nerve. We evaluated the influence of the contributing factor serum amyloid protein A1 (SAA1) on the regenerative ability and inflammatory response of the C7 nerve by electrophysiology, qPCR and histology.Results: Faster C7 regeneration was identified in patients, which was further confirmed in mouse models by electrophysiological recordings and histology. Altered systemic inflammation, which led to increased M2 macrophage activation, may represent an underlying mechanism of increased regeneration. In mice, SAA1 facilitated C7 regeneration and interfered with macrophage polarization in vivo.Conclusions: Altered inflammation promoted the regenerative capacity of the C7 nerve by altering macrophage behavior, and SAA1 may be a therapeutic target to improve the recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
Effectiveness of Abdominal and Gluteus Medius Training in Lumbo-pelvic Stability and Adductor Strength in Women Soccer Players. A Randomized Controlled Study.
Authors: Guerrero-Tapia Héctor , Martín-Baeza Rodrigo , Cuesta-Barriuso Rubén 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Abdominal and lumbo-pelvic stability alterations may origin lower limb injuries, such as for example adductor pathology in soccer players. Imbalance can be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: This randomized controlled trial conducted over an 8-week period included 25 female footballers randomly allocated to an experimental group (isometric abdominal training and gluteus medius-specific training) or a control group (isometric abdominal training). The exercise protocol in common for both groups included three exercises: Plank, Lateral plank and Bird dog. Specific exercises for the gluteus medius were: Pelvic drop and Stabilization of the gluteus medius in knee valgus. Outcome measures were lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength.Results. Lumbo-pelvic stability after surgery was higher in the control group (MD: 4.84 vs MD: 9.58; p < .01) with differences in the analysis of repeated measures (p<.001), but not in group interaction (p =.26). Changes were found in adductor strength in the experimental group (MD: -2.48; p<.001 in the left adductor; MD: -1.48; p<.01 in right adductor) and control group (MD: -1.68; p<.001 in the left adductor; MD: -2.05; p<.001 in the right adductor) after the intervention, with differences in the analysis of repeated measures in left (p<.001) and right (p<.001) adductor strength.Conclusions. An abdominal and gluteal training protocol shows no advantage over a protocol of abdominal training alone for lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength and flexibility, while improvements are maintained at four weeks follow-up. Trial Registration Number: NCT03617887.
Longitudinal Association Between an Overall Diet Quality Index and Latent Profiles of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Results From a Population Based 13-year Follow Up Cohort Study
Authors: Nouri Fatemeh , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Mohammadifard Noushin , Roohafza Hamidreza , Feizi Awat , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet. Indices reflecting the overall quality of diets are more effective than single food or nutrient-based approaches are in clarifying the diet disease relationship. The present study aims to use latent variable modeling to examine the longitudinal joint relationships between the latent profiles of CVDs risk factors and the diet quality index (DQI).Methods: A total of 4390 Iranian adults aged 35 and older within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) were included in the current secondary analysis. DQI was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, serum lipids, and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) were measured according to standard protocols in 2001, 2007, and 2013 to evaluate the profiles of CVDs risk factors. A Bayesian multidimensional Graded Responses Linear Mixed Model was used for data analysis. Results: At baseline, the participants’ mean (SD) age was 50.09(11.21), and 49.5% of them were male. Three latent profiles of CVDs risk factors were derived: (i) Fit Pre-Metabolic Syndrome (FPMS) profile characterized by normal anthropometric indices and some impaired metabolic risk factors; (ii) DysLipoproteinemia Central Obese (DLCO) profile with abdominal obesity and impaired low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as other normal risk factors; (iii) Impaired Laboratory Inflammatory State (ILIS) profile with impaired high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP and other normal risk factors. In general, higher scores of the extracted latent profiles indicated more impaired function in the related risk factors. After controlling for various potential fixed and time-varying confounding variables, a significant positive longitudinal association was found between FPMS, DLCO, and ILIS profiles and DQI (β (95% CrI): 0.26 (0.03,0.51), 0.14 (0.01,0.27), and 0.24 (0.11,0.38), respectively), demonstrating that lower overall diet quality was associated with more impaired function of the related risk factors.Conclusions: Diet quality is associated with all emerging profiles of CVDs risk factors. Increasing the knowledge of the community about the importance of the quality of consumed foods may help to prevent CVDs. It is recommended that further investigations, particularly interventional studies, be conducted to confirm our results.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Biomarkers for Early Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ishikawa Shigeto , Teshima Yuto , Otsubo Hiroki , Shimazui Takashi , Nakada Taka-aki , Takasu Osamu , Matsuda Kenichi , Sasaki Junichi , Nabeta Masakazu , Moriguchi Takeshi , Shibusawa Takayuki , Mayumi Toshihiko , Oda Shigeto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundShock and organ damage occur in critically ill patients in the emergency department because of biological responses to invasion, and cytokines play an important role in their development. It is important to predict early multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) because it is useful in predicting patient outcomes and selecting treatment strategies. This study examined the accuracy of biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-6, in predicting early MOD in critically ill patients compared with that of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).MethodsThis observational study was conducted at five universities from 2016 to 2018. Data of adult patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome who presented to the emergency department or were admitted to the intensive care unit were prospectively evaluated. qSOFA score and each biomarker (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin [PCT]) level were assessed on Days 0, 1, and 2. The primary outcome was set as MOD on Day 2, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was analyzed to evaluate qSOFA scores and biomarker levels.ResultsOf 199 patients, 38 were excluded and 161 were included. Patients with MOD on Day 2 had significantly higher qSOFA, SOFA, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and a trend toward worse prognosis, including mortality. The AUROC for qSOFA score (Day 0) that predicted MOD (Day 2) was 0.728 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.651–0.794). IL-6 (Day 1) showed the highest AUC among all biomarkers (0.790 [95% CI: 0.711–852]). The combination of qSOFA (Day 0) and IL-6 (Day 1) showed improved prediction accuracy (0.859 [95% CI: 0.792–0.907]). The combination model using qSOFA (Day 0) and IL-6 (Day 1) also showed a higher AUROC (0.889 [95% CI: 0.828–0.929]).ConclusionsThe addition of serum IL-6 level to qSOFA scores improved the accuracy of early MOD prediction.
High-dose rapamycin excerts a temporary impact on T. reesei through gene trFKBP12
Authors: Pang Ai-Ping , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Funing , Hu Xin , Wu Fu-Gen , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Wei , Lu Zuhong , Lin Fengming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Knowledge with respect to regulatory systems for cellulase production is prerequisite for exploitation of such regulatory networks to increase cellulase production, improve fermentation efficiency and reduce the relevant production cost. The TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling pathway is considered as a central signaling hub coordinating eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs. However, how and to what extent the TOR signaling pathway and rapamycin are involved in cellulase production remains elusive. Result: At the early fermentation stage, high-dose rapamycin (100 μM) caused a temporary inhibition effect on cellulase production, cell growth and sporulation of Trichoderma reesei independently of the carbon sources, and specifically caused a tentative morphology defect in RUT-C30 grown on cellulose. On the contrary, the lipid content of T. reesei was not affected by rapamycin. Accordingly, the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the cellulase production were downregulated notably with the addition of rapamycin. Although the mRNA levels of the putative rapamycin receptor trFKBP12 was upregulated significantly by rapamycin, gene trTOR (the downstream effector of the rapamycin-FKBP12 complex) and genes associated with the TOR signaling pathways were not changed markedly. With the deletion of gene trFKBP12, there is no impact of rapamycin on cellulase production, indicating that trFKBP12 mediates the observed temporary inhibition effect of rapamycin. Conclusion: Our study shows for the first time that only high-concentration rapamycin induced a transient impact on T. reesei at its early cultivation stage, demonstrating T. reesei is highly resistant to rapamycin, probably due to that trTOR and its related signaling pathways were not that sensitive to rapamycin. This temporary influence of rapamycin was facilitated by gene trFKBP12. These findings add to our knowledge on the roles of rapamycin and the TOR signaling pathways play in T. reesei.