bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About three‐fourths of mouse proteins unexpectedly appear at a low position of SDS‐PAGE, often as additional isoforms, questioning whether all protein isoforms have been eliminated in gene‐knockout cells or organisms
Authors: Qu Jiayuan , Zhang Ju , Zellmer Lucas , He Yan , Liu Siqi , Wang Chenguang , Yuan Chengfu , xu Ningzhi , Huang Hai , Liao Dezhong J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost genes in evolutionarily complex genomes are expressed to multiple protein isoforms, but there is not yet any simple high‐throughput approach to identify these isoforms. Using an oversimplified top‐down LC–MS/MS strategy, we detected, around the 26‐kD position of SDS‐PAGE, proteins produced from 782 genes in a Cdk4−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. Interestingly, only 213 (27.24%, about one‐fourth) of these 782 genes have their proteins with a theoretical molecular mass (TMM) 10% smaller or larger than 26 kD, that is, between 23 and 29 kD, the range set as allowed variation in SDS‐PAGE. These 213 proteins are considered as the wild type (WT). The remaining three‐fourths includes proteins from 66 (9.44%) genes with a TMM smaller than 23 kD and proteins from 503 (64.32%, nearly two‐thirds) genes with a TMM larger than 29 kD; these proteins are categorized into a larger‐group or a smaller‐group, respectively, for their appearance at a higher or lower position of SDS‐PAGE. For instance, at this 26‐kD position we detected proteins from the Rps27a, Snrpf, Hist1h4a, and Rps25 genes whose proteins' TMM is 8.6, 9.7, 11.4, and 13.7 kD, respectively, and detected proteins from the Plelc1 and Prkdc genes, whose largest isoform is 533.9 and 471.1 kD, respectively. We extrapolate that many of those proteins migrating unexpectedly in SDS‐PAGE may be isoforms besides the WT protein. Moreover, we also detected a Cdk4 protein in this Cdk4−/− cell line, thus wondering whether some of other gene‐knockout cells or organisms show similar incompleteness of the knockout.
Do farmers manage weeds on owned and rented land differently? Evidence from US corn and soybean farms
Authors: Frisvold George B , Albright Joshua , Ervin David E , Owen Micheal DK , Norsworthy Jason K , Dentzman Katherine E , Hurley Terrance M , Jussaume Raymond A , Gunsolus Jeffrey L , Everman Wesley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been frequently argued that growers have less incentive to manage the evolution and spread of herbicide‐resistant weeds on leased than on owned land. This is because resistance management provides long‐term rather than short‐term benefits that operators may be less assured of capturing on land they do not own. Yet, empirical evidence supporting this argument has been lacking.RESULTSThis study reports on results from a large‐scale national survey of weed management and other crop production practices on US agricultural fields. Up to 11 weed management practices were compared across owner‐operated versus renter‐operated fields. Analysis of survey data from corn and soybean fields did not support the hypothesis that adoption of resistance management practices is lower on rented acres. In most instances, there were no statistically significant differences in herbicide use or weed management practices on rented versus owned land. This was true at both national and regional levels of analysis. Where there were significant differences, practices associated with greater herbicide resistance management were, as often as not, more prevalent on rented than owned land.CONCLUSIONSA useful area of future research would be to test for land tenure differences in resistance management using multivariate analysis to control for confounding effects. Unobserved farmer or land characteristics may be confounding results and masking land tenure effects. Results here, however, suggest that these other effects are dominating any obvious disincentive effects of land leasing on resistance management. Of greater concern, the adoption of key resistance management practices was low on both owned and rented land. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) resistance to indaziflam applied early‐postemergence
Authors: Brosnan James T , Vargas José J , Spesard Bruce , Netzband Derek , Zobel John M , Chen Jinyi , Patterson Eric L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndaziflam is an alkylazine herbicide used to control annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Several locations in the southeastern USA reported poor annual bluegrass control following treatment with indaziflam during autumn 2015. A series of controlled environment experiments were conducted to confirm putative resistance to indaziflam in annual bluegrass collected from these field locations.RESULTSIndaziflam (25 g ha−1) effectively controlled all putative‐resistant annual bluegrass collections when applied preemergence (PRE), but was ineffective when applied early‐postemergence (< 2.5 cm plant height; BBCH scale = 1; EPOST). In agarose‐based plate assays, EPOST I50 values for putative‐resistant collections ranged from 2424 to 4305 pm compared with 633 pm for the herbicide‐susceptible control; therefore, resistance indexes (R/S) ranged from 3.8 to 6.8. Resistant collections were not controlled by foramsulfuron, flumioxazin, glyphosate, glufosinate, metribuzin, pronamide, or simazine applied EPOST. Indaziflam content in herbicide‐susceptible annual bluegrass was greater than a resistant collection from 0 to 10 days after treatment (DAT). Susceptibility was not restored when resistant collections were treated with indaziflam plus 1‐aminobenzotriazole (10 mg L−1), tebuconazole (1510 g ha−1), or malathion (400 g ha−1).CONCLUSIONSThis is a first report of resistance to indaziflam in any plant. Additionally, we confirm that these annual bluegrass collections are resistant to several other herbicidal modes‐of‐action. It is unclear if this multi‐herbicide resistance is due to a single resistance gene, multiple resistance genes, non‐target site mechanisms, or a combination thereof. Additional research to better understand resistance mechanisms in these annual bluegrass collections is warranted. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and herbicidal activity against barnyard grass of novel diarylmethanone O‐(2,6‐bis((4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)oxy)benzoyl)oximes
Authors: Xiang Lanxiang , Zhang Lei , Wu Qinglai , Xu Zhihong , Li Junkai , Du Xiaoying , Qin Zhaohai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyribenzoxim is an excellent herbicide that can effectively control barnyard grass. However, there are few reports of its structural analogs and structure–activity relationship (SAR), which makes pyribenzoxim an isolated case. Here, a series of diarylmethanone oxime esters characterized by pyridine heterocycles were designed and synthesized for herbicidal screening and SAR investigation against barnyard grass.RESULTSAt greenhouse treatment concentrations of 1.17–37.5 μg mL−1, the title compounds showed a positive dose–toxicity correlation toward barnyard grass plants, with the damage becoming progressively more serious over time. At a concentration of 18.75 μg mL−1 and above, obvious damage was observed in 3 days, most plants died in 7 days, and all died in 14 days. Different degrees of damage were also seen when the concentration was lower than 9.38 μg mL−1. The selected compounds 5‐20 and 5‐21 showed excellent control against Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Cyperus difformis L. and Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox in paddy fields, which was slightly better than that of pyribenzoxim.CONCLUSIONSAR analysis of greenhouse data revealed that the type and position of substituents on aromatic rings greatly influenced the activity of the compounds, although log P values showed no obvious correlation with activity. Combined with compounds 5‐20 and 5‐21, which showed moderate and excellent activity in greenhouse experiments, and excellent activity in controlling barnyard grass in the field, we conclude that pyribenzoxim analogs probably act as prodrugs, and this could be a focus of attention in future studies on structural optimization of the herbicide. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of adjuvants on spray droplet size from hydraulic nozzles
Authors: Sijs Rick , Bonn Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen spraying simple liquids through a hydraulic nozzle, the mechanisms that affect breakup into droplets have recently been described. However, it is unknown how the droplet size distribution changes when surfactant‐based adjuvants are added to the spray.ResultsWhen spraying different surfactant‐based solutions containing commercial adjuvants, the breakup of the different liquids behaves in the same way as for water‐only sprays, but the droplet sizes are smaller. By replacing the equilibrium surface tension with the dynamic surface tension at a surface age of ~20 ms, the volume mean droplet size variation with the Weber number, flow rate and nozzle geometry follows the predictions established for pure water sprays. When we rescale the droplet size distribution with the mean droplet size, all distributions collapse onto a single curve and can be described by a compound Gamma function.ConclusionAddition of a number of surfactant‐based adjuvants to an agricultural spray is observed to lead to a slight decrease in the volume mean droplet size. We show that the effects of these adjuvants on the drop size can be understood by taking into account the nozzle geometry, the flow rate, the liquid and air densities and the dynamic surface tension of the surfactant solutions at a surface age of approximately 20 ms. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Spiro N‐methoxy piperidine ring containing aryldiones for the control of sucking insects and mites: discovery of spiropidion
Authors: Muehlebach Michel , Buchholz Anke , Zambach Werner , Schaetzer Juergen , Daniels Miriam , Hueter Ottmar , Kloer Daniel P , Lind Rob , Maienfisch Peter , Pierce Andy , Pitterna Thomas , Smejkal Tomas , Stafford David , Wildsmith Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrop protection solutions for the control of key economic sucking pests derive essentially from neuronal and muscular acting chemistries, wherein neonicotinoid uses largely dominated for the last two decades. Anticipating likely resistance development of some of those arthropod species to this particular class, we intensified research activities on a non‐neuronal site of action targeting insect growth and development some 10 years ago.RESULTSOur innovation path featured reactivation of a scarcely used and simple building block from the 1960s, namely N‐methoxy‐4‐piperidone 3. Its judicious incorporation into the 2‐aryl‐1,3‐dione scaffold of IRAC group 23 inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis resulted in novel tetramic acid derivatives acting on acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). The optimization campaign focused on modulation of the aryl substitution pattern and understanding substituent options at the lactam nitrogen position of those spiroheterocyclic pyrrolidine‐dione derivatives towards an effective control of sucking insects and mites. This work gratifyingly culminated in the discovery of spiro N‐methoxy piperidine containing proinsecticide spiropidion 1. Following in planta release, its insecticidally active dione metabolite 2 is translaminar and two‐way systemic (both xylem and phloem mobile) for a full plant protection against arthropod pests.CONCLUSIONOwing to such unique plant systemic properties, growing shoots and roots actually not directly exposed to spiropidion‐based chemistry after foliar application nevertheless benefit from its long‐lasting efficacy. Spiropidion is for use in field crops, speciality crops and vegetables controlling a broad range of sucking pests. In light of other performance and safety profiles of spiropidion, an IPM fit may be expected. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Reliability estimation of a multicomponent stress‐strength model for unit Gompertz distribution under progressive Type II censoring
Authors: Jha Mayank Kumar , Dey Sanku , Alotaibi Refah Mohammed , Tripathi Yogesh Mani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating multicomponent stress‐strength (MSS) reliability under progressive Type II censoring when stress and strength variables follow unit Gompertz distributions with common scale parameter. We estimate MSS reliability under frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Bayes estimates are obtained by using Lindley approximation and Metropolis‐Hastings algorithm methods. Further, we obtain uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimates of the reliability when common scale parameter is known. Asymptotic, bootstrap confidence interval and highest posterior density credible intervals have been constructed. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to compare the performance of proposed estimates and also present a discussion. Finally, three real data sets are analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Comprehensive reliability evaluation of multistate complex electromechanical systems based on similarity of cloud models
Authors: Wang Rongxi , Gao Xu , Gao Zhiyong , Li Shiqiang , Gao Jianmin , Xu Jinjin , Deng Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh reliability and security have become the hallmarks of complex electromechanical systems. Owing to the difficulties in fault data collection, ambiguity and uncertainty have been inevitably associated with complex electromechanical systems. Thus, the ability to perform reliability evaluation using scarce fault data is of immense significance to these machines and is the focus of this study. A similarity based cloud model is proposed to evaluate the running state of complex electromechanical systems. By combining objective and subjective factors, the reliability of complex electromechanical systems is evaluated by calculating the similarity between the cloud models of actual and standardised states. Next, the inverter of an offshore wind turbine is used to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The cloud model based framework for reliability evaluation inherits the preponderance of the uncertainty problem, overcomes the drawbacks of the current reliability approaches, and provides a theoretical basis, as well as a practical approach for the maintenance and repair of complex electromechanical systems with missing fault data. Additionally, it also provides a new methodology for solving the uncertainty problems caused by paucity of data.
Protocol for community‐created public MS/MS reference spectra within the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking infrastructure
Authors: Vargas Fernando , Weldon Kelly C. , Sikora Nicole , Wang Mingxun , Zhang Zheng , Gentry Emily C. , Panitchpakdi Morgan W. , Caraballo‐Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Jarmusch Alan K. 
Published: January 2020

RationaleA major hurdle in identifying chemicals in mass spectrometry experiments is the availability of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) reference spectra in public databases. Currently, scientists purchase databases or use public databases such as Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). The MSMS‐Chooser workflow is an open‐source protocol for the creation of MS/MS reference spectra directly in the GNPS infrastructure.MethodsAn MSMS‐Chooser Sample Template is provided and completed manually. The MSMS‐Chooser Submission File and Sequence Table for data acquisition were programmatically generated. Standards from the Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Library (MSMLS) suspended in a methanol–water (1:1) solution were analyzed. Flow injection on an LC/MS/MS system was used to generate negative and positive mode data using data‐dependent acquisition. The MS/MS spectra and Submission File were uploaded to MSMS‐Chooser workflow in GNPS for automatic selection of MS/MS spectra.ResultsData acquisition and processing required ~2 h and ~2 min, respectively, per 96‐well plate using MSMS‐Chooser. Analysis of the MSMLS, over 600 small molecules, using MSMS‐Chooser added 889 spectra (including multiple adducts) to the public library in GNPS. Manual validation of one plate indicated accurate selection of MS/MS scans (true positive rate of 0.96 and a true negative rate of 0.99). The MSMS‐Chooser output includes a table formatted for inclusion in the GNPS library as well as the ability to directly launch searches via MASST.ConclusionsMSMS‐Chooser enables rapid data acquisition, data analysis (selection of MS/MS spectra), and a formatted table for inspection and upload to GNPS. Open file‐format data (.mzML or.mzXML) from most mass spectrometry platforms containing MS/MS spectra can be processed using MSMS‐Chooser. MSMS‐Chooser democratizes the creation of MS/MS reference spectra in GNPS which will improve annotation and strengthen the tools which use the annotation information.
Clinical outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Japanese men with Y chromosome microdeletions
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Ishikawa Tomomoto , Mizuta Shimpei , Takeuchi Takumi , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Kokeguchi Shoji , Habara Toshihiro , Ichioka Kentaro , Ohashi Masakazu , Okamoto Sumihide , Kawamura Toshihiro , Kanto Satoru , Taniguchi Hisanori , Tawara Fumiko , Hara Tetsuaki , Hibi Hatsuki , Masuda Hiroshi , Matsuyama Takehiko , Yoshida Hiroaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the clinical results of Japanese men with Y chromosome microdeletions.MethodsThis study retrospectively examined 2163 azoospermic or severe oligozoospermic patients. We investigated the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZF) deletions and sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microTESE in patients with these deletions, then analyzed the ICSI outcomes.ResultsAzoospermia factor deletions were found in 201 patients. SRR was significantly higher than that of the control group (74.0% vs 20.4%, P < .001). Thirty‐three couples underwent ICSI using testicular spermatozoa retrieved by microTESE, and eight couples underwent ICSI using ejaculatory spermatozoa. The fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer cycle were significantly higher in the ejaculatory group than that of the testicular group (66.4% vs 43.7%, P < .001, 53.3% vs 24.7%, P = .03, respectively). When compared with the control group, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in the testicular group with AZFc microdeletions (43.7% vs 53.6%, P < .001).ConclusionsOur study highlights that although microTESE in azoospermic men with AZFc microdeletions led to a higher SRR, ICSI outcomes of these men were worse than that of men without AZF deletions, even if testicular spermatozoa were retrieved.
Modeling and implementation of 5G edge caching over satellite
Authors: Vu Thang X. , Poirier Yannick , Chatzinotas Symeon , Maturo Nicola , Grotz Joel , Roelens Frederic 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe fifth‐generation (5G) wireless networks have to deal with the high data rate and stringent latency requirements due to the massive invasion of connected devices and data‐hungry applications. Edge caching is a promising technique to overcome these challenges by prefetching the content closer to the end users at the edge node's local storage. In this paper, we analyze the performance of edge caching 5G networks with the aid of satellite communication systems. First, we investigate the satellite‐aided edge caching systems in two promising use cases: (a) in dense urban areas and (b) in sparsely populated regions, eg, rural areas. Second, we study the effectiveness of satellite systems via the proposed satellite‐aided caching algorithm, which can be used in three configurations: (a) mono‐beam satellite, (b) multi‐beam satellite, and (c) hybrid mode. Third, the proposed caching algorithm is evaluated by using both empirical Zipf‐distribution data and the more realistic Movielens dataset. Last but not least, the proposed caching scheme is implemented and tested by our developed demonstrators which allow real‐time analysis of the cache hit ratio and cost analysis.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of 4‐Azidobutylferrocene‐Grafted Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Polyaniline Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Hadi Raha , Abbasi Hassan , Payami Elmira , Ahadzadeh Iraj , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) is grafted through [1,2] cycloaddition reaction with 4‐azidobutylferrocene (AzFc) and its nanocomposite with polyaniline (PANI) is prepared to be applied as a new battery‐type supercapacitor material. The morphology and composition of 4‐azidobutylferrocene/reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite (AzFc/rGO/PANI) are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of nanocomposite material was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) techniques in 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. The charge storage capacity of 14, 70 and 95 mAh g−1 are obtained for reduced graphene oxide, 4‐azidobutylferrocene/reduced graphene oxide, and 4‐azidobutylferrocene/reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite at a current density of 14 A g−1, respectively. The 4‐azidobutylferrocene/reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite as a promising new battery‐type supercapacitor electrode material shows retention time of 89% after 2000 cycle of cyclic voltammetry.
Recent Advances of Gas Transport Channels Constructed with Different Dimensional Nanomaterials in Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for CO2 Separation
Authors: Wang Bo , Sheng Menglong , Xu Jiayou , Zhao Song , Wang Jixiao , Wang Zhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost CO2 separation membranes are polymeric membranes owing to low cost and easy processability. Nevertheless, conventional polymeric membranes may suffer from a compromise between permeability and selectivity represented by the Robeson upper bound curves. Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs), prepared by adding nanomaterials in polymer matrices, can achieve both high gas permeability and selectivity with the potential for future applications. This review summarizes gas transport channels constructed with different dimensional nanomaterials in MMMs such as 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials which have been widely researched in recent years, and discusses the effect of different gas transport channels in CO2 separation MMMs. The challenges about each kind of gas transport channels are outlined and future prospects are suggested.
Enrichment and determination of sixteen trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in barbecue smoke by using a continuous magnetic solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Pan Yan , Zhang Yanhao , Peng Zifang , Ba Xin , Zhao Wuduo , Li Xinglin , Guo Yun , Ouyang Gangfeng , Zhang Shusheng , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, an innovative approach is proposed to predict the contribution of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in barbecue smoke based on magnetic solid‐phase extraction system and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In order to improve the detection limit of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, a kinds of magnetic nanomaterial synthesized previously was used as a sorbent in magnetic solid‐phase extraction. The recoveries ranged from 73.4% to 90.7%, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range 1.2‐5.4 ng·L−1 and 3.7‐16.4 ng·L−1 respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke of the pork belly. The developed method could be potentially used for the assessing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in environment pollution.