bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brivaracetam substituting other antiepileptic treatments: Results of a retrospective study in German epilepsy centers
Authors: Lerche Holger , Knake Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Hellot Scarlett , Leunikava Iryna , Schulz Anne‐Liv , Hopp Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the success of initiation of adjunctive brivaracetam in patients who required a change in antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen and substituted at least one AED with brivaracetam.MethodsIn this retrospective noninterventional study conducted in specialized epilepsy centers across Germany, patients initiated adjunctive brivaracetam between February 15, 2016, and August 31, 2016, as part of an intended change in AED regimen. The primary effectiveness variable was the proportion of patients who continued on brivaracetam after 3 months, and withdrew at least one AED either before or within 6 months after brivaracetam initiation.ResultsFive hundred and six patients had at least one brivaracetam dose and were included in the safety set (SS). Four hundred and seventy patients started to reduce the dose of one AED before/after brivaracetam initiation, had at least one concomitant AED at brivaracetam initiation, and were included in the full analysis set (FAS) for effectiveness analyses. At baseline, patients had a median of seven lifetime AEDs and a median of 3.8 seizures/28 days. In the SS, 85.2% of patients withdrew one AED before/after initiation of brivaracetam, most commonly levetiracetam (49.4%). 46.2% of patients substituted another AED with brivaracetam within 24 hours (fast withdrawal). The proportions of patients (FAS) who continued on brivaracetam after 3 and 6 months and withdrew one AED were 75.5% and 46.6%, respectively. After 6 months, 32.1% of patients were 50% responders; 13.0% were seizure‐free. In the SS, 34.6% of patients reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs); 21.9% had TEAEs that were assessed by the treating physician as drug‐related. Incidences of behavioral AEs before (3‐month baseline) and after brivaracetam initiation in patients who withdrew levetiracetam were 19.2% and 8.0%, respectively (5.0% and 7.7% in patients who withdrew other AEDs).SignificanceBrivaracetam was effective and well‐tolerated in patients who required a change in AED drug regimen and initiated adjunctive brivaracetam in German clinical practice.
An alternative architecture of the Humphrey cycle and the effect of fuel type on its efficiency
Authors: Stathopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConventional gas turbines are a very mature technology, and performance improvements are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to achieve. Pressure‐gain combustion (PGC) has emerged as a promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine cycles. The current work analyzes two layouts of the Humphrey cycle for gas turbines with pressure‐gain combustion. One layout replicates the classical layout of gas turbine cycles, whereas an alternative one optimizes the use of pressure‐gain combustion by ensuring the operation of the combustor at stoichiometric conditions. In parallel, both cycle layouts are studied with two different fuels—hydrogen and dimethyl ether—to account for differences in combustion specific heat addition and its effect on cycle efficiency. The current work concludes with an attempt to benchmark the maximum losses of a plenum to achieve efficiency parity with the Joule cycle, for a given pressure gain over a PGC combustor. It is found that the cycle layout with stoichiometric combustion results in an increase in thermal efficiency of up to 7 percentage points, compared to the classic cycle architecture. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of the new layout is less sensitive to the turbine inlet temperature, especially at low compressor pressure ratios. The study of the two fuels has shown that the larger mass specific heat addition leads to higher cycle thermal efficiency and should be considered during the fuel choice. Finally, the maximum allowable plenum pressure loss that results to efficiency parity with the Joule cycle has been computed for a given combustor pressure gain. For turbine inlet temperatures above 1500°C, pressure gain above 1.6 would allow for at least 20% relative pressure drop in the plenum. The respective pressure gain becomes considerably higher for lower turbine inlet temperatures.
Analysis of the structure arrangement on the thermal characteristics of Li‐ion battery pack in thermoelectric generator
Authors: Zhu WenChao , Xie Changjun , Shi Ying , Li Weibo , Tang Zebo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional automobile exhaust contains a large amount of thermal energy. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can store recovered electrical energy into battery packs and supply to vehicle‐mounted electrical equipment. A reasonable battery pack structure is designed to facilitate stable vehicle operation based on the actual conditions of the vehicle. This paper presents investigation on thermal performance of air‐cooled li‐ion battery pack in different arrangements. Taking the AVIC (Aviation Industry Corporation of China) lithium battery as the research object, a battery pack model based on T‐type parallel ventilation structure is established in Fluent, and the accuracy of the model is verified through experiments. In the same battery module, there are three typical arrangements of forming battery cells into an equal arrangement, an increasing arrangement, and a decreasing arrangement. The changes of the temperature field of the battery pack under different discharge rates and wind speeds are studied, respectively. Studies have found that battery pack arranged in decreasing order has the best temperature consistency and the temperature difference is reduced by 14.82% and 6.21%, respectively, at 1C and 2C discharge rates, compared to the equally spaced arrangement.
Geomorphological evidence of paleoseismicity: Surficial and underground structures of Pasmajärvi postglacial fault
Authors: Markovaara‐Koivisto Mira , Ojala Antti E.K. , Mattila Jussi , Kukkonen Ilmo , Aro Ilkka , Pullinen Arto , Hänninen Pekka , Middleton Maarit , Sutinen Aleksi , Majaniemi Juha , Ruskeeniemi Timo , Sutinen Raimo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cyclic nature of glaciations and related postglacial faulting represents a risk for the deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel in areas likely to be affected by future glaciations. Seismic history was therefore studied by means of detecting geomorphological structures on airborne laser scanning digital elevation models and underground by excavating in an esker and trenching across a postglacial fault located in northern Fennoscandia. OLS dating and assessing the geomorphological structures was used for timing of the seismic history. The results suggest that the faulting of different segments in the Pasmajärvi complex is due to at least two late Weichselian events, which probably occurred both subglacially and postglacially. The most reliable input for the moment magnitude estimates was vertical slip profiles, and therefore these estimates (MW ≈ 6.4–6.9) are suggested. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two hop verification for avoiding void hole in underwater wireless sensor network using SM‐AHH‐VBF and AVH‐AHH‐VBF routing protocols
Authors: Hussain Tariq , Rehman Zia Ur , Iqbal Arshad , Saeed Khalid , Ali Iqtidar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) consist of several sensor nodes deployed underwater and gathering information from the underwater situation. Sometimes during a communication void regions occur when a forwarder node is unable to find the next forwarder node closer to the sink within the transmission ranges which results from its took extra energy consumption. In this research work, we intend schemes for void hole avoidance. First one is, Avoiding Void Hole Adaptive Hop by Hop Vector‐Based Forwarding (AVH‐AHH‐VBF) in an UWSN, and the second, scheme for increasing lifetime and minimizing consumption of energy of the network, Sink Mobility (SM‐AHH‐VBF). Simulation results show that our schemes outperform compared with baseline solution in terms of average Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average Propagation Distance (APD), energy consumption. The simulation results verify the AVH‐AHH‐VBF scheme results is equals to 14% and SM/AHH‐VBF equal to 32% in terms of PDR, AVH‐AHH‐VBF equals to 57% and SM equals to 39% for energy consumption, AVH‐AHH‐VBF had a tradeoff of 63% because of considering two hops and SM equals 20% tradeoff for the average delay and AVH‐AHH‐VBF equals 35% and SM equals 61% improvement for average
APD.
Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) extract and doxorubicin synergistically inhibits proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer in tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice through modulation of apoptosis and increase antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory related pathways
Authors: Akbaribazm Mohsen , Khazaei Mohammad Rasoul , Khazaei Mozafar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTherapeutic strategies against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) are associated with drug‐induced toxicities. The tropical edible red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is rich in polyphenolic compounds which confer the plant potential anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T. pratense and doxorubicin (DOX) on the apoptosis and proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells in an allograft model of tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice. Fifty‐six female 4T1‐tumor bearing‐ BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 8/group) to receive different doses and combinations of DOX and T. pratense extract for 35 days. On the 36th day, serum estradiol (E2), IL‐12 and IFN‐γ cytokines, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Tumor's ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the expressions of apoptosis‐related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3) were also evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki‐67 and p53 were performed. Our results showed that the co‐treatment of DOX and T. pratense (100–400 mg/kg) inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. The co‐treatment of DOX and T. pratense (especially at the dose of 400 mg/kg) decreased the serum level of E2 (as a stimulant for breast tumor growth) and increased the serum levels of IL‐12 and IFN‐γ along with significant increments in serum GPx and tumor FRAP activities. The co‐administration of DOX and T. pratense also decreased the expression of Ki‐67 proliferation marker and increased the number p53 positive (i.e., apoptotic) cells within tumors. This was accompanied with the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic and down‐regulation of antiapoptotic genes. The key findings indicated the synergistic effects of DOX and T. pratense against TNBC xenografts.
Efficacy of low‐fat milk and yogurt fortified with encapsulated vitamin D3on improvement in symptoms of insomnia and quality of life: Evidence from the SUVINA trial
Authors: Sharifan Payam , Khoshakhlagh Mahdieh , Khorasanchi Zahra , Darroudi Susan , Rezaie Mitra , Safarian Mohammad , Vatanparast Hassan , Afshari Asma , Ferns Gordon , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Ghayour Mobarhan Majid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionSleep disorders are a common condition globally. Vitamin D receptors are present on cells in several regions of the brain. It is possible that vitamin D status may affect brain function, including sleep patterns. We aimed to evaluate the 1,500 IU of Nano‐encapsulated vitamin D fortified in dairy products on the symptoms of insomnia and associated improvement of quality of life.MethodsA case series was undertaken as part of theSurvey of ultraviolent intake by nutritional approachproject. Subjects enrolled among adults with abdominal obesity. Twenty‐nine subjects with insomnia were selected according to the results of Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire and quality of life using a Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaire. Subjects were allocated to four groups: low‐fat milk fortified by 1,500 IU vitamin D3(n = 8), simple milk (n = 8), low‐fat yogurt fortified by 1,500 IU vitamin D3(n = 7), and simple yogurt (n = 6) and were treated for 10 weeks.ResultsThe insomnia score improved after the intervention in the group receiving vitamin D fortified milk compared to group receiving unfortified milk (p < .001). There were no significant differences between the two groups taking yogurt (fortified vs. unfortified). Comparison of quality of life scores between baseline and after intervention indicated significant improvements in both fortified and simple milk groups (p = .002 andp = .03, respectively); but no differences were found in the groups taking yogurt.ConclusionFortified low‐fat milk containing 1,500 IU vitamin D3can improve insomnia symptoms and subsequently quality of life.Trial registration number: IRCT20101130005280N27,www.IRCT.ir.
Sex classification using long‐range temporal dependence of resting‐state functional MRI time series
Authors: Dhamala Elvisha , Jamison Keith W. , Sabuncu Mert R. , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA thorough understanding of sex differences that exist in the brains of healthy individuals is crucial for the study of neurological illnesses that exhibit phenotypic differences between males and females. Here we evaluate sex differences in regional temporal dependence of resting‐state brain activity in 195 adult male–female pairs strictly matched for total grey matter volume from the Human Connectome Project. We find that males have more persistent temporal dependence in regions within temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Machine learning algorithms trained on regional temporal dependence measures achieve sex classification accuracies up to 81%. Regions with the strongest feature importance in the sex classification task included cerebellum, amygdala, and frontal and occipital cortices. Secondarily, we show that even after strict matching of total gray matter volume, significant volumetric sex differences persist; males have larger absolute cerebella, hippocampi, parahippocampi, thalami, caudates, and amygdalae while females have larger absolute cingulates, precunei, and frontal and parietal cortices. Sex classification based on regional volume achieves accuracies up to 85%, highlighting the importance of strict volume‐matching when studying brain‐based sex differences. Differential patterns in regional temporal dependence between the sexes identifies a potential neurobiological substrate or environmental effect underlying sex differences in functional brain activation patterns.
Prognostic significance of histologic grade and Ki‐67 proliferation index in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Xue Tian , Yu Bao‐Hua , Yan Wan‐Hui , Jiang Xiang‐Nan , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Li Xiao‐Qiu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prognostic value of histologic grading and the Ki‐67 proliferation index in follicular lymphoma (FL) is controversial. This study investigated the clinical usefulness of these two factors in Asian FL patients. Four hundred and thirty‐three patients diagnosed with FL were retrospectively reviewed with a median follow‐up time of 47.0 months (range, 24.0‐168.0). The 10‐year overall survival (OS) rate and progression‐free survival (PFS) rate were 91.0% and 47.1%, respectively. Grade 3B and grade 3B with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showed a better PFS than grade 1‐3A (P < 0.001), and similar findings were noted in patients who received rituximab‐containing regimens (P = 0.002). In contrast, no significant differences in terms of OS or PFS were observed between grades 1‐2 and 3A. In addition, patients with Ki‐67 ≥ 30% had a significantly better PFS than patients with Ki‐67 < 30% (P = 0.014), although the difference was eliminated in the multivariate analysis. Both grade and Ki‐67 index had no impact on prognosis in patients who did not receive rituximab treatment. In conclusion, grade 3A is closely related to grade 1‐2, as reflected by a similar indolent clinical course and a lower PFS rate than grade 3B/3B + DLBCL. In addition, a higher Ki‐67 index seems to have a positive effect on PFS in FL patients.
The variation and controls of mean transit times in Australian headwater catchments
Authors: Cartwright Ian , Morgenstern Uwe , Howcroft William , Hofmann Harald , Armit Robin , Stewart Michael , Burton Chad , Irvine Dylan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDetermining mean transit times in headwater catchments is critical for understanding catchment functioning and understanding their responses to changes in landuse or climate. Determining whether mean transit times (MTTs) correlate with drainage density, slope angle, area, or land cover permits a better understanding of the controls on water flow through catchments and allows first‐order predictions of MTTs in other catchments to be made. This study assesses whether there are identifiable controls on MTTs determined using 3H in headwater catchments of southeast Australia. Despite MTTs at baseflow varying from a few years to >100 years, it was difficult to predict MTTs using single or groups of readily‐measured catchment attributes. The lack of readily‐identifiable correlations hampers the prediction of MTTs in adjacent catchments even where these have similar geology, land use, and topography. The long MTTs of the Australian headwater catchments are probably in part due to the catchments having high storage volumes in deeply‐weathered regolith, combined with low recharge rates due to high evapotranspiration. However, the difficulty in estimating storage volumes at the catchment scale hampers the use of this parameter to estimate MTTs. The runoff coefficient (the fraction of rainfall exported via the stream) is probably also controlled by evapotranspiration and recharge rates. Correlations between the runoff coefficient and MTTs in individual catchments allow predictions of MTTs in nearby catchments to be made. MTTs are shorter in high rainfall periods as the catchments wet up and shallow water stores are mobilized. Despite the contribution of younger water, the major ion geochemistry in individual catchments commonly does not correlate with MTTs, probably reflecting heterogeneous reactions and varying degrees of evapotranspiration. Documenting MTTs in catchments with high storage volumes and/or low recharge rates elsewhere is important for understanding MTTs in diverse environments.
Real‐time detection of regimes of predictability in the US equity premium
Authors: Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Sollis Robert , Taylor A.M. Robert 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWe propose new real‐time monitoring procedures for the emergence of end‐of‐sample predictive regimes using sequential implementations of standard (heteroskedasticity‐robust) regression t‐statistics for predictability applied over relatively short time periods. The procedures we develop can also be used for detecting historical regimes of temporary predictability. Our proposed methods are robust to both the degree of persistence and endogeneity of the regressors in the predictive regression and to certain forms of heteroskedasticity in the shocks. We discuss how the monitoring procedures can be designed such that their false positive rate can be set by the practitioner at the start of the monitoring period using detection rules based on information obtained from the data in a training period. We use these new monitoring procedures to investigate the presence of regime changes in the predictability of the US equity premium at the 1‐month horizon by traditional macroeconomic and financial variables, and by binary technical analysis indicators. Our results suggest that the 1‐month‐ahead equity premium has temporarily been predictable, displaying so‐called “pockets of predictability,” and that these episodes of predictability could have been detected in real time by practitioners using our proposed methodology.
Acute Hyperinsulinemia Alters Bone Turnover in Women and Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sherk Vanessa D , Vigers Timothy , Pyle Laura , Snell‐Bergeon Janet K , Nadeau Kristen J , Rickels Michael R , Miller Kellee M , Greenbaum Carla J , Shah Viral N 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTType 1 diabetes (T1D) increases fracture risk across the lifespan. The low bone turnover associated with T1D is thought to be related to glycemic control, but it is unclear whether peripheral hyperinsulinemia due to dependence on exogenous insulin has an independent effect on suppressing bone turnover. The purpose of this study was to test the bone turnover marker (BTM) response to acute hyperinsulinemia. Fifty‐eight adults aged 18 to 65 years with T1D over 2 years were enrolled at seven T1D Exchange Clinic Network sites. Participants had T1D diagnosis between age 6 months to 45 years. Participants were stratified based on their residual endogenous insulin secretion measured as peak C‐peptide response to a mixed meal tolerance test. BTMs (CTX, P1NP, sclerostin [SCL], osteonectin [ON], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], osteocalcin [OCN], osteoprotegerin [OPG], osteopontin [OPN], and IGF‐1) were assessed before and at the end of a 2‐hour hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp (HEC). Baseline ON (r = −0.30, p = .022) and OCN (r = −0.41, p = .002) were negatively correlated with age at T1D diagnosis, but baseline BTMs were not associated with HbA1c. During the HEC, P1NP decreased significantly (−14.5 ± 44.3%; p = .020) from baseline. OCN, ON, and IGF‐1 all significantly increased (16.0 ± 13.1%, 29.7 ± 31.7%, 34.1 ± 71.2%, respectively; all p < .001) during the clamp. The increase in SCL was not significant (7.3 ± 32.9%, p = .098), but the decrease in CTX (−12.4 ± 48.9, p = .058) neared significance. ALP and OPG were not changed from baseline (p = .23 and p = .77, respectively). Baseline ON and SCL were higher in men, but OPG was higher in women (all p ≤ .029). SCL was the only BTM that changed differently in women than men. There were no differences in baseline BTMs or change in BTMs between C‐peptide groups. Exogenous hyperinsulinemia acutely alters bone turnover, suggesting a need to determine whether strategies to promote healthy remodeling may protect bone quality in T1D. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The role of double filtration plasmapheresis in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Lu Zhihua , Chen Yueliang , Wu Yinshan , Lin Yongjun , Yang Na , Wang Xiaoling , Guo Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe role of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) is still not well established. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DFPP in reducing triglyceride levels as well as their effects on the outcomes of HTGP.Material and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with HTGP presenting within 72 hours from symptom onset between January 2016 and February 2019. Patients with DFPP treatment were compared with those without DFPP treatment. We used a propensity score matching analysis to reduce confounding factors.ResultsOf the 249 patients enrolled, 88 (35.3%) were treated with DFPP. The DFPP was initiated at a median of 7.7 hours from the time of presentation. In the propensity score‐matched cohort (n = 100), patients with DFPP had a significantly lower level of triglyceride (P = .034), higher triglyceride reduction (P = .005), and the proportion of triglyceride <5.65 mmol/L (P = .002) by 24 hours after admission when compared with those without DFPP. However, this efficacy did not last until 48 hours after admission. No differences were found in terms of the majority of the clinical outcomes between the two groups, including persistent organ failure (P = .098), local complications (P = .213), hospital stay (P = .657), and in‐hospital mortality (P > .999).ConclusionsHTGP patients with early initiation of DFPP were associated with rapidly and efficiently reduction of triglyceride levels compared with those without DFPP. However, DFPP showed no beneficial effects on improving the clinical outcomes of HTGP.