bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Cognitive Markers to Identify Individuals at Increased Dementia Risk: Influence of Modifying Factors and Time to Diagnosis
Authors: Payton Nicola M. , Rizzuto Debora , Fratiglioni Laura , Kivipelto Miia , Bäckman Lars , Laukka Erika J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:We investigated the extent to which combining cognitive markers increases the predictive value for future dementia, when compared to individual markers. Furthermore, we examined whether predictivity of markers differed depending on a range of modifying factors and time to diagnosis.Method:Neuropsychological assessment was performed for 2357 participants (60+ years) without dementia from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. In the main sample analyses, the outcome was dementia at 6 years. In the time-to-diagnosis analyses, a subsample of 407 participants underwent cognitive testing 12, 6, and 3 years before diagnosis, with dementia diagnosis at the 12-year follow-up.Results:Category fluency was the strongest individual predictor of dementia 6 years before diagnosis [area under the curve (AUC) = .903]. The final model included tests of verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed (AUC = .913); these three domains were found to be the most predictive across a range of different subgroups. Twelve years before diagnosis, pattern comparison (perceptual speed) was the strongest individual predictor (AUC = .686). However, models 12 years before diagnosis did not show significantly increased predictivity above that of the covariates.Conclusions:This study shows that combining markers from different cognitive domains leads to increased accuracy in predicting future dementia 6 years later. Markers from the verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed domains consistently showed high predictivity across subgroups stratified by age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ϵ4 status, and dementia type. Predictivity increased closer to diagnosis and showed highest accuracy up to 6 years before a dementia diagnosis. (JINS, 2020,00, 1–13)
Rapid endosperm development promotes early maturity in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea)
Authors: Zhao Can , Xu Wenrong , Meng Lingchao , Qiang Sheng , Dai Weimin , Zhang Zheng , Song Xiaoling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly maturity allows weedy rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea) to persist by escaping harvest in paddy fields. A shorter grain-filling period contributes to the early maturity of weedy rice. However, the differences in morphology and endosperm development in the caryopsis between weedy and cultivated rice are largely unexplored. Here, we selected four biotypes of weedy rice and associated cultivated rice (ACR; Oryza sativa) from different latitudes to conduct a common garden experiment. The endosperm development process of the caryopsis was observed by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Endosperm cell division and starch accumulation rate during grain filling were also measured. The grain development progress in weedy rice was more rapid and earlier than that in ACR. The endosperm development progress of weedy rice was 6 to 8 d earlier than that of ACR. The endosperm cells of weedy rice cellularized earlier and more rapidly than those of ACR, and the starch grains of weedy rice were more sharply polygonal and compactly arranged than those of ACR. The active endosperm cell division period in weedy rice was 4 to 7 d shorter than that in ACR, while the active starch accumulation period of weedy rice was 2 to 8 d shorter than that of ACR. The rapid development of endosperm cells and starch grains leads to the shorter grain-filling period of weedy rice. weedy rice.
Acoustic Observations of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows on an Estuarine Lutocline
Authors: Tu Junbiao , Fan Daidu , Lian Qiang , Liu Zhiyu , Liu Wei , Kaminski Alexis , Smyth William 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability plays an important role in turbulent mixing in deep oceans, coastal seas, and estuaries. Though widely observed and studied in thermohaline‐stratified waters, KH instability has only rarely been observed in sediment‐stratified environments. For the first time, we present direct observations of KH billows on an estuarine lutocline by combining echosounder images with velocity and density measurements. The interaction between velocity shear and the density stratification induced by suspended sediments initiated shear instabilities near the bed, indicated by gradient Richardson number (Ri) < 0.25 in the early stages of the observed billows. Once formed, the instabilities enhanced the vertical mixing of momentum, reducing vertical shear and elevating Ri. Linear instability analysis using measured velocity and density profiles well predicts the vertical location and spatial characteristics of the observed billows. These instabilities are believed to contribute to the vertical mixing, entrainment, and transport of estuarine and coastal sediments.
Modeling Mud and Sand Transfers Between a Macrotidal Estuary and the Continental Shelf: Influence of the Sediment Transport Parameterization
Authors: Diaz M. , Grasso F. , Le Hir P. , Sottolichio A. , Caillaud M. , Thouvenin B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoastal environments are directly influenced by terrigenous inputs coming from rivers through estuaries. Quantifying the amount of nutrients and contaminants transported by sediments from continental areas to the sea is crucial for marine resources protection. However, the complexity of estuarine dynamics makes it difficult to quantify sediment fluxes from field measurements alone and requires numerical modeling. Thus, using a realistic 3‐D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model, this study aims at evaluating the influence of model empirical parameters on sediment fluxes and estimating uncertainties on mud and sand transfers at a macrotidal estuary mouth. A sensitivity analysis, considering changes in sediment transport parameters, revealed that the system is sensitive not only to settling and erosion parameterizations but also to the spin‐up period and the sediment sliding process. Both estuarine circulation and tidal pumping induce a residual up‐estuary transport, which is balanced by seaward export during spring tides. Although more fine sediments are exported within the surface turbid plume during high river discharge, the net mud transport is directed up‐estuary due to increased baroclinic circulation. Besides, model results highlighted a strong seasonal variability in sediment fluxes with a short and high import during high river flow and a long and weak export during low river flow. Uncertainties associated with the simulated fluxes were about 93% for mud and 51% for noncohesive classes, based on the best performing parameter sets for surface suspended sediment concentrations. These results can be reliably extrapolated to similar macrotidal estuarine systems.
Physiological and geometrical effects in the upper airways with and without mandibular advance device for sleep apnea treatment
Authors: Martínez Adela , Muñiz Alfonso López , Soudah Eduardo , Calvo Juan , Suárez Alberto Álvarez , Cobo Juan , Cobo Teresa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSleep apnea is a sleep disorder that occurs when the breathing of a person is interrupted during the sleep. This interruption occurs because of the patient has narrowed airways and the upper airways muscles relax, closes in and blocks the airway. Therefore, any forces or reaction originated by the air flow dynamics over the relaxed upper airways muscles could make to close the upper airways, and consequently the air could not flow into your lungs, provoking sleep apnea. Fully describing the dynamic behavior of the airflow in this area is a severe challenge for the physicians. In this paper we explore the dynamic behavior of airflow in the upper airways of 6 patients suffering obstructive sleep apnea with/without a mandibular advancement device using computational fluid dynamics. The development of flow unsteadiness from a laminar state at entry to the pharynx through to the turbulent character in the soft palate area is resolved using an accurate numerical model. Combining the airflow solution with a geometrical analysis of the upper airways reveals the positive effects of mandibular advance device in the air flow behavior (pressure drop). Improved modeling of airflow and positioning of mandibular advance device could be applied to improve diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
Hyperalignment of motor cortical areas based on motor imagery during action observation
Authors: Al-Wasity Salim , Vogt Stefan , Vuckovic Aleksandra , Pollick Frank E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) has grown in importance due to its capacity to use both coarse and fine scale patterns of brain activity. However, a major limitation of multivariate analysis is the difficulty of aligning features across brains, which makes MVPA a subject specific analysis. Recent work by Haxby et al. (2011) introduced a method called Hyperalignment that explored neural activity in ventral temporal cortex during object recognition and demonstrated the ability to align individual patterns of brain activity into a common high dimensional space to facilitate Between Subject Classification (BSC). Here we examined BSC based on Hyperalignment of motor cortex during a task of motor imagery of three natural actions (lift, knock and throw). To achieve this we collected brain activity during the combined tasks of action observation and motor imagery to a parametric action space containing 25 stick-figure blends of the three natural actions. From these responses we derived Hyperalignment transformation parameters that were used to map subjects’ representational spaces of the motor imagery task in the motor cortex into a common model representational space. Results showed that BSC of the neural response patterns based on Hyperalignment exceeded both BSC based on anatomical alignment as well as a standard Within Subject Classification (WSC) approach. We also found that results were sensitive to the order in which participants entered the Hyperalignment algorithm. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Hyperalignment to align neural responses across subject in motor cortex to enable BSC of motor imagery.
Measuring Knee Bone Marrow Perfusion Using Arterial Spin Labeling at 3 T
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Johnson Casey P. , Ellermann Jutta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBone perfusion is an essential physiological measure reflecting vasculature status and tissue viability of the skeletal system. Arterial spin labeling (ASL), as a non-invasive and non-contrast enhanced perfusion imaging method, is an attractive approach for human research studies. To evaluate the feasibility of ASL perfusion imaging of knee bone marrow in the distal femoral condyle at a 3 T MRI scanner, a study was performed with eight healthy volunteers (three males and five females, 26 ± 2 years old) and two patients (male, 15 and 11 years old) with diagnosed stage II juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD). ASL imaging utilized a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery method for labeling and a single-shot fast spin echo sequence for image readout. In addition to quantitative knee bone marrow ASL imaging, studies were also performed to evaluate the effects of prolonged post-bolus delay and varied labeling size. ASL imaging was successfully performed with all volunteers. Despite the benefits of hyper-intensive signal suppression within bone marrow, the use of a prolonged post-bolus delay caused excessive perfusion signal decay, resulting in low perfusion signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and poor image quality. Bone marrow perfusion signal changed with the labeling size, suggesting that the measured bone marrow perfusion signal is flow-associated. The means and standard deviations of bone marrow blood flow, spatial SNR, and temporal SNR from the quantitative perfusion study were 38.3 ± 5.2 mL/100 g/min, 3.31 ± 0.48, and 1.33 ± 0.31, respectively. The imaging results from JOCD patients demonstrated the potential of ASL imaging to detect disease-associated bone marrow perfusion changes. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to perform ASL imaging of knee bone marrow in the distal femoral condyle at 3 T.
Inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase exhibit antitumor effects on multicellular tumor spheroids of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Yeonhwa , Lee Su-Yeon , Kim Sanghwa , Choi Inhee , Kim Se-Hyuk , Shum David , Heo Jinyeong , Kim A-Ram , Kim Kang Mo , Seo Haeng Ran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide, is associated with substantial mortality. Because HCCs have strong resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve survival in patients with HCC. The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model is a powerful method for anticancer research because of its ability to mimic the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor tissue, the three-dimensional cellular context of tumor tissue, and the pathophysiological gradients of in vivo tumors. However, it is difficult to obtain meaningful results from the MCTS model without considering the conditions of clinical tumors. We, therefore, provided a proof of concept to determine whether spheroid models simulate in vivo tumor microenvironments. Through a high-throughput screening for HCC therapy using the MCTS model, we selected inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase (ouabain and digoxin) that could suppress cell growth and migration via inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that this model provides a new paradigm for high-throughput drug screening and will significantly improve the efficiency of identifying new drugs for HCC treatment. Through utilization of MCTS models, here we found that inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase may be feasible as a novel target to sensitize HCC cells.
Lactobacillus reuteri 5454 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 5764 improve colitis while differentially impacting dendritic cells maturation and antimicrobial responses
Authors: Hrdý Jiří , Alard Jeanne , Couturier-Maillard Aurelie , Boulard Olivier , Boutillier Denise , Delacre Myriam , Lapadatescu Carmen , Cesaro Annabelle , Blanc Philippe , Pot Bruno , Ryffel Bernhard , Chamaillard Mathias , Grangette Corinne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrohn’s disease is linked to a decreased diversity in gut microbiota composition as a potential consequence of an impaired anti-microbial response and an altered polarization of T helper cells. Here, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of two potential probiotic strains, namely a Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis Bl 5764 and a Lactobacillus reuteri Lr 5454 strains. Both strains improved colitis triggered by either 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. Training of dendritic cells (DC) with Lr 5454 efficiently triggered IL-22 secretion and regulatory T cells induction in vitro, while IL-17A production by CD4+ T lymphocytes was stronger when cultured with DCs that were primed with Bl 5764. This strain was sufficient for significantly inducing expression of antimicrobial peptides in vivo through the Crohn’s disease predisposing gene encoding for the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, containing protein 2 (NOD2). In contrast, NOD2 was dispensable for the impact on antimicrobial peptide expression in mice that were monocolonized with Lr 5454. In conclusion, our work highlights a differential mode of action of two potential probiotic strains that protect mice against colitis, providing the rational for a personalized supportive preventive therapy by probiotics for individuals that are genetically predisposed to Crohn’s disease.
Insights from Microbial Transition State Theory on Monod’s Affinity Constant
Authors: Ugalde-Salas Pablo , Desmond-Le Quéméner Elie , Harmand Jérôme , Rapaport Alain , Bouchez Théodore 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrobial transition state theory (MTS) offers a theoretically explicit mathematical model for substrate limited microbial growth. By considering a first order approximation of the MTS equation one recovers the well-known Monod’s expression for growth, which was regarded as a purely empirical function. The harvest volume of a cell as defined in MTS theory can then be related to the affinity concept, giving a new physical interpretation to it, and a new way to determine its value. Consequences of such a relationship are discussed.
Examining the physical and chemical contributions to size spectrum evolution during the development of hazes
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Su Junwei , Huang Yu , Wang Qiyuan , Zhang Renjian , Wu Yunfei , Zhang Yue , Cheng Yan , He Yuanping , Lee Shuncheng , Yu Chuck , Gu Zhaolin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChina has experienced severe hazes with high concentrations of particulate matter in recent years. The understanding of the size spectrum evolution of submicron particulate matter is critical to making efficient remediation policies to minimize the regional and global environmental impacts from hazes. During a time period of about one month, we monitored five severe haze episodes in Xi’an and four severe haze episodes in Beijing, which were characterized by two distinct kinds of aerosol mass concentration growth processes: accumulative-rise and abrupt-rise. A new method was developed to quantitatively evaluate the physical and chemical contributions to growth processes by analysing the size spectrum evolution data. The results showed that the accumulative-rise processes are governed by primary emissions and the abrupt-rise processes are governed by secondary chemical reactions. The population balance equations (PBE) were used to describe the variation of size spectrum of fine particulate matter, and the respective contributions of the physical aggregation rate and the chemical growth rate. The PBE model is solved using the adjustable direct quadrature method of moments (ADQMOM) to simulate the abrupt-rise process of haze development and to calibrate the contribution of the physical and chemical effects on the size spectrum of aerosol particles.
Towards visible light driven photoelectrocatalysis for water treatment: Application of a FTO/BiVO4/Ag2S heterojunction anode for the removal of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants
Authors: Orimolade Benjamin O. , Arotiba Omotayo A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPharmaceuticals have been classified as emerging water pollutants which are recalcitrant in nature. In the quest to find a suitable technique in removing them from contaminated water, photoelectrocatalytic oxidation method has attracted much attention in recent years. This report examined the feasibility of degrading ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole through photoelectrocatalytic oxidation using FTO-BiVO4/Ag2S with p-n heterojunction as anode. BiVO4/Ag2S was prepared through electrodeposition and successive ionic layer adsorption/reaction on FTO glass. Structural and morphological studies using XRD, SEM, EDS and diffusive reflectance UV-Vis confirmed the successful construction of p-n heterojunction of BiVO4/Ag2S. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate enhanced charge separation in the binary electrode. The FTO-BiVO4/Ag2S electrode exhibited the highest photocurrent response (1.194 mA/cm−2) and longest electron lifetime (0.40 ms) than both pristine BiVO4 and Ag2S electrodes which confirmed the reduction in recombination of charge carriers in the electrode. Upon application of the prepared FTO-BiVO4/Ag2S in photoelectrocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, percentage removal of 80% and 86% were achieved respectively with a low bias potential of 1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) within 120 min. The electrode possesses good stability and reusability. The results obtained revealed BiVO4/Ag2S as a suitable photoanode for removing recalcitrant pharmaceutical molecules in water.
CT Scan in the Prediction of Lymph Node Involvement in Ovarian Cancer – a Retrospective Analysis of a Tertiary Gyneco-Oncological Unit
Authors: Widschwendter Peter , Blersch Alexandra , Friedl Thomas W. P. , Janni Wolfgang , Kloth Christopher , de Gregorio Amelie , de Gregorio Niko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The prognostic value of lymph node removal in ovarian cancer varies depending on the tumor stage. While in the advanced stage the removal of clinically normal lymph nodes does not improve the prognosis, this is still unclear in the early stages. Evaluation of the lymph nodes based on preoperative imaging influences the surgical procedure.
Methods This retrospective analysis was performed by analyzing data from 114 patients with ovarian cancer, treated in our university hospital in the years 2000 – 2012. Diagnostic performance of imaging by computer tomography with respect to the correct prediction of lymph node status was analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
Results Imaging by computer tomography showed a rather limited diagnostic performance with regard to the detection of lymph node metastases in ovarian cancer, with a sensitivity of 40.7%, a specificity of 89.1%, a positive predictive value of 80.0%, and a negative predictive value of 58.3%. A separate analysis for pelvic and paraaortic lymph node involvement showed a better diagnostic performance of computer tomography for the detection of positive paraaortic lymph nodes (41.2, 93.1, 84.0, and 64.3% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, respectively) as compared to the detection of positive pelvic lymph nodes (25.6, 91.8, 62.5, and 69.8%).
Conclusion The preoperative prediction of lymph node status by computer tomography is limited. A decision for or against lymphadenectomy should not be made solely on the basis of this approach.
Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE)
Authors: Marks Miriam , Rickenbacher Dominik , Audigé Laurent , Glanzmann Michael C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation questionnaire (PRTEE) is a specific questionnaire available for assessing the health status of patients with lateral epicondylitis. An official German translation does not yet exist.
Objectives The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the PRTEE into German.
Material and Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was completed by an expert committee comprising people of varying professional and linguistic backgrounds. According to international guidelines, the English original was first translated into German, then back-translated and the final version was pre-tested on patients.
Results No major difficulties were encountered during the translation process and smaller linguistic discrepancies could be resolved in the expert committee. For the pre-validation testing, 11 patients with extensor repair due to persistent lateral epicondylitis were included. They rated the questionnaire as easy to understand and complete. The final version was approved by the developers of the original questionnaire as the official German translation.
Conclusions Although the measurement properties of the German version were not evaluated in this study, the original shows good reliability, validity and responsiveness. In summary, the PRTEE is a questionnaire quick and easy to complete for patients with lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, it is suitable for the clinical routine assessment of subjective health status or the outcome after an intervention.