bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable Method of Radial and Ulnar Nerve Identification During the Posterior Approach to the Humerus: A Clinical and Cadaveric Correlation Study
Authors: Yingling John M. , Yoon Richard S. , Liporace Frank A. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:To determine the reliability of using “fingerbreadths” and anatomic landmarks as reference points for predictable identification of the radial and ulnar nerves when using the posterior approach to the humerus.Methods:A systematic approach using “fingerbreadths” to mark and measure the skin before incision. Two markings were made: the first 4 fingerbreadths proximal to the lateral epicondyle (radial nerve location) and the second 2 fingerbreadths proximal to the medial epicondyle (ulnar nerve location). Once the posterior approach was made, the same fingerbreadths were used on the radial and ulnar sides to identify the radial and ulnar nerves within the deep interval. Measurements were taken at each stage in cadaveric specimens. Clinical correlations followed. Statistical analysis was performed comparing measurements (outer vs. inner) in both cadaveric and clinical specimens.Results:Thirty-two elbows evaluated in this study, 20 patients and 12 cadaveric specimens. In the cadaveric specimens, the mean distance of the radial nerve was 7.59 cm from the lateral epicondyle, SD ± 0.17 cm (P= 0.55), and the ulnar 3.68 cm from medial epicondyle, SD ± 0.63 cm (P= 0.302). In the clinical measurements, the radial nerve was 7.46 cm, SD ± 0.48 cm, never within 7.0 cm (P= 0.425), and the ulnar nerve was 3.14 cm, SD ± 0.31 cm (P= 0.051). Statistical analysis yielded no difference between skin marking and actual location in the deep interval, between cadaveric and clinical specimens, observer fingerbreadth widths, or between left or right arms.Conclusions:Use of “fingerbreadths” is a reliable, efficient, and reproducible method of identifying both the radial and ulnar nerves during the posterior approach to the humerus.
What Is the Cost of a “Cast Holiday” in Treating Children With Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS) With Elongation Derotation Flexion (EDF, “Mehta”) Casting?
Authors: Fedorak Graham T. , Dreksler Hannah , MacWilliams Bruce A. , D’Astous Jacques L. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Serial casting of children with early onset scoliosis (EOS) is an established treatment option. A break from cast treatment often called a “cast holiday,” (CH) is often allowed by some centers, particularly over the summer months. The impact of CHs on treatment duration or outcome has not been examined.

Methods:
Institution review board approved retrospective review of children treated for EOS with elongation derotation flexion (“Mehta”) casting at a children’s hospital between 2001 and 2016 with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. A CH was defined as a minimum of 4 weeks out of the cast, braced, or unbraced.
The analysis was performed to determine the impact of a CH within the first 18 months of treatment. Separate analyses were performed for the entire cohort of children castedduring the study period, and then separately looking at idiopathic EOS in isolation. The impact of a CH was assessed in terms of the likelihood of achieving scoliosis <15 degrees at the final follow-up (“success”). Odds ratios were used to assess group differences between “success” ratios, and Student t tests assessed group differences for parametric data.

Results:
Ninety children met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 of whom took a CH during the first 18 months of treatment (34%). This included 59 patients with idiopathic EOS (66%), 18 with syndromic EOS, 5 congenital, and 1 neuromuscular. There were no statistically significant differences between CH and no CH groups.
Forty-four percent of the no CH group achieved scoliosis <15 degrees at final follow-up, as opposed to 13% of the CH group, an odds ratio of 5.3 for success without a CH. When limited to children with idiopathic EOS, 56% achieved success in the no CH, versus only 22% in the group that took a CH, an odds ratio of 4.4 for success with no CH.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that children treated for EOS with serial casting who take a CH within the first 18 months of treatment are less likely to achieve scoliosis <15 degrees than those who persist with treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Ze-Liang , Zhang Qi , Lu Yi , Guo Zhong-Min , Zhang Xi , Zhang Wen-Jun , Guo Cheng , Liao Cong-Hui , Li Qian-Lin , Han Xiao-Hu , Lu Jia-Hai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.

Methods
The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.

Results
The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.

Conclusions
The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.
Evaluation of Assays to Measure Aminoglycosides in Serum: Comparison of Accuracy and Precision Based on External Quality Assessment
Authors: Li Mengya , Ma Lingyun , Chen Chaoyang , Lei Lili , Zhai Xingyu , Luo Daohuang , Zhou Ying , Cui Yimin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Aminoglycosides require highly accurate therapeutic drug monitoring owing to their narrow therapeutic windows and toxic side effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring varies in different laboratories, and this difference is mainly due to the use of different analytical techniques. This study aimed to compare the accuracy and precision of immunoassays for the measurement of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in serum.

Methods:
Human plasma samples were spiked with known concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin and dispatched to laboratories worldwide. The percentage deviation and coefficient of variation were calculated to compare the accuracy and precision among immunoassays and among antibiotics.

Results:
We analyzed 273, 534, and 207 amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin measurement results, obtained satisfactory rates of 83.9%, 86.3%, and 93.7%, and coefficients of variation ranging from 1.1% to 15.6%, 2.9% to 25.2%, and 1.8% to 27.0%, respectively. The percentage deviation ranged from −7.5% to 6.6%, −20.8% to 18.7%, and −33.2% to 41.5% for amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, respectively. Significant differences were observed in accuracy and precision among assays for all antibiotics.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated high variations in results obtained from antibiotic assays conducted at different laboratories worldwide.
Summary of NCRP 2019 Annual Meeting, NCRP Meeting the Challenge at 90: Providing Best Answers to Your Most Pressing Questions About Radiation
Authors: Vetter Richard J. , Bushberg Jerrold T. , Mettler Fred A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) held its 55th Annual Meeting 1-2 April 2019 in Bethesda, Maryland. The 2019 meeting was a special year for NCRP as it marked the 90th Anniversary of the founding of the predecessor organization, US Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection. Leaders for the scientific portion of the meeting were Fred A. Mettler, Jr., M.D. (Chair), University of New Mexico School of Medicine; Jerrold T. Bushberg, Ph.D. (Co-Chair), University of California Davis; and Richard J. Vetter, Ph.D. (Co-Chair), Mayo Clinic. The meeting was designed to explore important areas of inquiry associated with use of ionizing radiation relevant to radiation protection, addressing frequently asked questions and concerns from both members of the public and radiation professionals. The meeting was organized into six sessions plus three honorary lectures and a special presentation. This paper summarizes the scientific content of the six sessions and is based on the notes of the co-chairs and the slides of the speakers. The three honorary lectures are included as other papers in this issue.
CASE OF IDIOPATHIC UVEAL EFFUSION THAT DEVELOPED PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AFTER SCLERAL RESECTION SURGERY
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Yamamoto Shuichi 
Published: March 2020

Background/Purpose:
To report a diabetic patient with uveal effusion that developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy after unsuccessful scleral resection for the uveal effusion.

Case Report:
A 50-year-old Japanese man with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and uveal effusion in his right eye underwent partial thickness sclerectomies at the four quadrants to treat the uveal effusion. These procedures reduced the amount of subretinal fluid and thus the choroidal and retinal detachment. However, the retinal detachment recurred and proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed with pre- and subretinal proliferation at 5 months after the surgery. The patient then underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens. During the surgery, the vasoproliferative membrane was removed, panretinal photocoagulation was performed, and intraocular tamponade with silicone oil was performed. After the removal of the silicone oil, the retina remained attached but the visual acuity was 2/20 because of macular atrophy.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware that treatment of a uveal effusion by scleral resection can lead to a progression of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Epidemic and Inter-epidemic Burden of Pediatric Human Parechovirus Infection in New South Wales, Australia, 2017–2018
Authors: Khatami Ameneh , Burrell Rebecca , McMullan Brendan J. , Rawlinson William , Givney Rodney C. , Kok Jen , Alexandersen Soren , Jones Cheryl A. , Macartney Kristine K. , Britton Philip N. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Human parechovirus (HPeV) typically infects young children, and although infection is often asymptomatic, some types (eg, HPeV3) are associated with severe clinical manifestations, including central nervous system infection or sepsis-like syndrome, particularly affecting young infants. The third documented national epidemic of HPeV occurred in Australia in 2017–2018.

Methods:
Four public laboratories that perform almost all of the HPeV PCR testing in New South Wales provided data regarding HPeV tests performed from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. Limited demographic and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records for laboratory test-positive cases that presented to each of the 3 pediatric hospitals in New South Wales.

Results:
Five hundred eighty-one HPeV-positive samples obtained from 395 cases were included in the analysis. The peak of the outbreak occurred in late November 2017 (approximately 35 new cases each week), with the main HPeV epidemic occurring between the spring and summer months of September 2017 to January 2018; although this seasonality was observed primarily in infants less than 12 months of age. Among the 388 pediatric cases, almost half were younger than 2 months (188; 47%) and only 10 were children older than 2 years. The annualized estimated incidence of laboratory confirmed HPeV infection in children was approximately 142.4 cases per 100,000 children younger than 5 years in New South Wales during the epidemic season.

Conclusions:
The large burden of HPeV infection and disease identified in young infants in this and previous Australian studies highlight the need for more comprehensive national surveillance of HPeV infections and improved prevention strategies.
Prevalence and Risk Factor for Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli Colonization at Birth in Premature Infants
Authors: Koizumi Aya , Maruyama Kenichi , Ohki Yasushi , Nakayama Akifumi , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Kurosawa Hajime , Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Fujiu Toru , Takahashi Miki , Kimura Takao , Saruki Nobuhiro , Murakami Masami , Arakawa Hirokazu 
Published: March 2020

Background:

Escherichia coli causes neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) that is associated with high mortality and increasing antibiotic resistance. Thus, we estimated the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for colonization of E. coli in premature infants at birth and characterized the pathogenicity of the isolates.

Methods:
A prospective surveillance study was conducted at three Japanese perinatal centers between August 2014 and February 2017. Infants weighing <2 kg and/or at gestational age <35 weeks at birth were enrolled. We screened the mothers and neonates for E. coli colonization. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the relatedness between the maternal and neonatal isolates. Virulence factors for the isolates were determined using polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
We enrolled 421 premature infants born to 382 mothers. The rate of colonization in mothers was 47.6%, comprising 5.9% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E) and 20.0% ampicillin-resistant strains. Ten (2.4%) infants exhibited colonization; ESBL-E and ampicillin-resistant strains colonized three and four infants, respectively. Three antibiotic-resistant, strain-positive infants developed EOS. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed vertical transmission of bacteria in four infants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ESBL-E-positive mothers [odds ratio (OR), 19.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5–145.7)] and vaginal delivery (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 1.7–50.7) were risk factors for neonatal colonization. The infant isolates possessed numerous virulence factors.

Conclusions:
Although the prevalence of E. coli-colonized premature infants at birth was low, the rate of antibiotic resistance and the attack rate for EOS were high. Infants with ESBL-E positive mothers should be closely monitored for EOS.
Hearing Preservation Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: Predicting Cutoffs
Authors: Zanoletti Elisabetta , Mazzoni Antonio , Frigo Anna Chiara , Borsetto Daniele , Cazzador Diego 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To investigate the outcomes of hearing preservation surgery (HPS) for acoustic neuroma and quantify tumor and patient characteristics predictive of hearing preservation after surgery.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
A total of 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with acoustic neuroma from 2000 to 2012.

Intervention:
Hearing preservation surgery through microscopic retrosigmoid approach combined with a retrolabyrinthine meatotomy.

Main Outcome Measure:
Pre- and postoperative hearing stratified according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and the Tokyo classifications. The most accurate cutoff was identified for each tumor and patients’ variable affecting the outcome by calculating the Youden index. A multivariable analysis was undertaken at these cutoffs to identify prognostic factors for hearing preservation.

Results:
Preoperative hearing class was preserved after surgery in 31% (AAO-HNS), and 39% (Tokyo classification) of patients. According to the AAO-HNS classification, the tumor size in the cerebello-pontine angle, pure-tone average (PTA), and speech discrimination score cutoffs for predicting good postoperative hearing function were 7 mm, 21 dB, and 90%, respectively. With the Tokyo classification, only the PTA cutoff differed, with 27 dB. On multivariable analysis, tumor size and PTA were independent prognostic factors for postoperative hearing with high model's goodness of fit (area under the curve  = 0.784; 95% CI = 0.68–0.88 and area under the curve  = 0.813; 95% CI = 0.72–0.90), according to both the hearing classifications.

Conclusions:
The estimated cutoffs for tumor size and PTA were independently associated with HPS. These factors should be prospectively investigated before they are adopted as selection criteria for HPS.
The efficacy of manual therapy (Chuna) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Roh Ji-Ae , Kim Kwan-Il , Park Jihye , Lee Beom-Joon , Jung Hee-Jae 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a challenging disease whose prevalence has increased over the last decades. Non-pharmacological therapies such as pulmonary rehabilitation occupy a core position in patient management. Among these therapies, manual therapy reduces symptoms and increases exercise capacity targeting musculoskeletal problems. Chuna, a traditional Korean manual therapy, has improved pulmonary disorders in clinical practice but unfortunately has not had its effects reported. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy, focused on the use of Chuna in the management of COPD patients.

Methods:
The following databases will be used in this study: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Database (CNKI), KoreaMed, Korean Medical Database (KMbase), and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). The primary outcome comprises lung function and exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, quality of life, and adverse events. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and crossover studies. Two independent reviewers will screen the searched studies, determine if they are suitable for inclusion, and perform data extraction. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. When appropriate, data will be pooled across studies for meta-analysis using a fixed or random effects model. When quantitative synthesis is not appropriate, the evidence will be summarized qualitatively.

Results:
This study will provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence to assess the efficacy of Chuna for COPD patients. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print.

Conclusions:
This study will provide high-quality current evidence for evaluation the efficacy of Chuna for patients with COPD. Clinicians, patients and policy makers may find this review useful in making decisions regarding the use of Chuna for patients with COPD.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019141150
Percutaneous sclerotherapy with polidocanol under the guidance of ultrasound for venous malformations in children – A retrospective cohort study from a single tertiary medical center
Authors: Hou Fang , Chen Jidong , Xia Meng , Ding Ke , Zeng Qiang , Liu Wenying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study reports our experience, the therapeutic outcomes and complications of percutaneous sclerotherapy (PS) with polidocanol to treat venous malformations (VMs) in children.A retrospective analysis was conducted of pediatric patients with VMs who underwent PS using polidocanol under continuous ultrasound (US) guidance between January 2015 and January 2018 at our department. Medical records were reviewed to record demographic information, lesion characteristics, treatment sessions, therapeutic outcomes and complications. χ2analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of these characteristics on outcomes.Hundred treatment sessions were performed for lesions in 47 patients. The mean age of the patients was 4.1 ± 3.6 years (mean ± SD). The female to male ratio was almost 2:1 (female 32, male 15). The location of the VMs included the head and neck in 16 cases (34.0%), upper extremity in 11 cases (23.4%), lower extremity in 10 cases (21.3%), and trunk and perineum in 10 cases (21.3%). The majority of the lesions were focal in 36 cases (76.6%), while 11 (23.4%) were diffuse. Seventeen patients (36.2%) underwent single PS session, 14 patients (29.8%) underwent 2 sessions, 10 patients (21.3%) underwent 3 sessions and 6 patients (12.7%) underwent ≧4 sessions. The mean PS session per patient was 2.1 ± 1.1. The mean follow-up duration was 11.4 ± 7.6 months. After the last PS session, 8 patients (17.0%) had excellent outcomes, 27 (57.4%) had good outcomes, 10 (21.3%) had fair outcomes, and 2 (4.3%) had poor outcomes. Focal lesions were more likely to have good or excellent outcomes than diffuse lesions (χ2 = 4.522,P = .033). No other lesion characteristic significantly affected the outcomes (good or excellent outcomes), including lesion location (χ2 = 2.011,P = .570) or lesion size (χ2 = 1.045,P = .307). After the PS procedure, temporary local swelling occurred in 81 sessions (81.0%), local pain occurred in 15 sessions (15.0%), fever occurred in 27 (27.0%) sessions, and transient local numbness occurred in four sessions (4.0%).PS with polidocanol under the guidance of US appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of VMs in children, especially for focal lesions.
Effects of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) via a gastric tube on the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants aged 32 to 36 weeks
Authors: Yang Guang , Hei Mingyan , Xue Zhimin , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Xinhua , Wang Chenghu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To explore the clinical effects of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) via a gastric tube on the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants aged 32 to 36 weeks.
A total of 97 premature infants with RDS admitted to the Children's Hospital of Shanxi from February 2017 to January 2018 were randomly divided into LISA (47 cases) and (intubation-surfactant-extubation,) INSURE groups (50 cases). In the LISA group, 6F gastric tubes were inserted into the trachea through direct laryngoscopy under nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), and pulmonary surfactant (PS) was injected. In the INSURE group, PS was injected via tracheal intubation and NCPAP was performed after extubation. The incidence of technical-related adverse events and various complications in the two groups were observed.
PS was successfully injected through gastric tube in the LISA group. There were no significant differences in reflux, asphyxia, bradycardia (<100 beats/min), apnea, FiO2, changes in PaO2 and PaCO2 at 1 hour post-treatment between the groups. During the course of administration, blood pressure and SpO2 in the LISA group were more stable, and significant differences between the 2 groups were observed. However, no significant differences in the complications and outcomes between the 2 groups occurred.
The LISA technique can be used to treat premature infants with RDS aged 32 to 36 weeks with stronger spontaneous breathing ability. Further clinical studies are required to determine the optimal strategy of LISA administration and the most profitable patient population.