bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc var rubrum) DALAM MEMPROTEKSI DAN MEMPERBAIKI GANGGUAN FUNGSI HATI DAN GINJAL TIKUS AKIBAT INDUKSI PARASETAMOL
Authors: Djabir Yulia Yusrini 
Published: December 2020

Jahe merah merupakan jenis rimpang yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat tradisional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek proteksi ekstrak rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc var rubrum) terhadap gangguan fungsi hati dan ginjal yang disebabkan oleh toksisitas parasetamol berdasarkan parameter SGPT, SGOT, urea dan kreatinin serum pada tikus putih. Jahe merah diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Hewan uji dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok (n=5). Kelompok I sebagai kontrol sehat diberikan suspensi NaCMC 1%, kelompok II diberikan NaCMC 1% dan induksi parasetamol, kelompok III dan kelompok IV masing-masing diberi perlakuan ekstrak jahe merah 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB dan induksi parasetamol, dan kelompok V diberikan sediaan ekstrak curcuma xanthorriza (60 mg/kgBB) dan induksi parasetamol. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 10 hari sedangkan induksi parasetamol hanya diberikan pada hari ke-4 (500 mg/kg) dan ke-5 (300 mg/kg). Sampel darah diambil pada hari ke- 6 (post induksi) dan ke-11 (post perlakuan) untuk pengukuran kadar SGOT, SGPT, kreatinin dan urea serum menggunakan alat humalyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian parasetamol dosis 500mg/kg diikuti 300 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan nilai SGOT dan SGPT secara signifikan 24 jam setelah post induksi, namun kadar urea dan kreatinin hanya berbeda signifikan setelah hari ke-11 (post perlakuan). Pada kelompok III dan IV, pemberian ekstrak jahe merah setelah induksi parasetamol mampu menurunkan kadar SGOT, SGPT, urea dan kreatinin serum secara signifikan dibanding kelompok II (p<0.05). Penurunan biomarker hati dan ginjal pada kelompok III dan IV tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok V yang diberi sediaan ekstrak curcuma yang telah digunakan secara klinik.
Penentuan Awal Bulan Kamariah Untuk Ibadah
Authors: Rahman Fathor , Pujiono Pujiono , Muslifah Siti 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents data regarding the formula for determining the start of the month for worship at the time of the Prophet. This is important because the determination of the beginning of the month among Muslims has always been a polemic, even Muslims until now still do not have a definite and unique calendar to serve as a common guideline. The method usedin this research is the method introducedby Louay Safi "Unified Aproach to Shari'ah Inference"; namely textual normative inference, empirical-historical-contextualist inference, and integrated inference. The results were as follows: d natural inference stualis te k-normative-legis, fast orders clearly to be given information about ordinances that rukyatul hilal; and if it is cloudy or covered in fog, then it is ordered to calculate, estimate, or fulfill the month into 30 days and the rule of law in matters of mahdah worship such as fasting cannot be changed, sentences that are already text and sharih do not have the character of ijtihadi; and anything that creates controversy in society can be eliminated by the government or the authorities; whereas in the contextualist historical-empirical inference it can be said that worship which includes the obligation of rukyat has encouraged Muslims to study and deepen the science of astronomy ; and in unified inference, the computation of the reckoning at the time of the prophet with the fulfillment becomes thirty days because at that time the Madinans did not have zij or astronomical tables showing the positions of the moon, earth and sun. From this perspective, rukyat often called taabbudiy be part of the entity taaquliy for a silver lining can be found in the annals of the Muslims, and Reckoning ser ing said taaqquliy also part of ta'abbudiy entity because it is part and result of activity namely rukyat taabbudiy .
Fluoroalkyl ether electrolyte with redefined in-cell ion affinity upgrades rate performances of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Dong Liwei , Liu Yuanpeng , Wen Kechun , Chen Dongjiang , Liu Jipeng , Yuan Botao , Dong Yunfa , Wu Ze , Liang Yifang , Yang Mengqiu , Ma Jianyi , Yang Chunhui , He Weidong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have profound impact on every corner of human life. However, strong solvation of Li+ and rough interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit the long cycle, high-rate battery operation of lithium ion batteries. Herein we design an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes to effectively upgrade the long-cycle rate performances of electrodes in general. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns an ultra-high polarity, enabling solvation-free Li+ transfer with an energy barrier of 0.11 eV, only 1/7 of that for conventional ether electrolytes, and 10-times enhancement in Li+ transference at electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine-rich THE on anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, LiFePO4 cathodes deliver unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss cycle-1 over 5000 cycles at 10 C, along with upgraded rate performances as observed for other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO2, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 and Li4Ti5O12.
Understanding Family Planning Outcomes in Northwestern Nigeria: Analysis and Modeling of Social and Behavior Change Factors
Authors: Hutchinson Paul , Anaba Udochisom , Abegunde Dele , Okoh Mathew , Hewett Paul , Johansson Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Northwestern Nigeria faces a situation of high fertility and low contraceptive use, driven in large part by high-fertility norms, pro-natal cultural and religious beliefs, misconceptions about contraceptive methods, and gender inequalities. Social and behavior change (SBC) programs often try to shift drivers of high fertility through multiple channels including mass and social media, community-level group and interpersonal activities. This study seeks to assist SBC programs to better tailor their efforts by assessing the effects of intermediate determinants of contraceptive use/uptake and by demonstrating their potential impacts on contraceptive use, interpersonal communication with partners, and contraceptive approval.Methods: Data for this study come from a cross-sectional household survey, conducted in the states of Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara in northwestern Nigeria in September 2019, involving 3,000 women aged 15 to 49 years with a child under 2 years. Using an ideational framework of behavior that highlights psychosocial influences, multivariate regression analyses assess associations between ideational factors and family planning outcomes, and post-estimation simulations with regression coefficients model the magnitude of effects for these intermediate determinants.Results: Knowledge, approval of family planning, and social influences, particularly from husbands, were all associated with improved family planning outcomes. Approval of family planning was critical – women who personally approve of family planning were nearly three times more likely to be currently using modern contraception and nearly six times more likely to intend to start use in the next six months. Husband’s influence was also critical. Women who had ever talked about family planning with their husbands were three times more likely both to be currently using modern contraception and to intend to start in the next six months. Conclusion: SBC programs interested in improving family planning outcomes could potentially achieve large gains in contraceptive use—even without large-scale changes in socio-economic and health services factors—by designing and implementing effective SBC interventions that improve knowledge, encourage spousal/partner communication, and work towards increasing personal approval of family planning. Uncertainty about the time-order of influencers and outcomes however precludes inferences about the existence of causal relationships and the potential for impact from interventions.
Spatial Clustering and Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolate Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tafess Ketema , Beyen Teresa , Girma Sisay , Wondimu Asnakech , SIU Gilman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis remains a serious public health concern globally. The enormous social, economic and health impacts of the diseases are attributed to the lack of detailed understanding of the prevalence, geospatial distribution, population structures, and genotypic variants of the circulating M. tuberculosis. Methods: Structured questionnaire, mycobacterial culture, and standard 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeated Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) were employed to collect sociodemographic characters, residence linked information, and genotype the isolates. The retrospective discrete Bernoulli model was used to identify the hot spot districts of sputum smear positivity, and Web-based Miru-VNTRPlus were used for the analysis of the data. Results: Out of 832 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspects, 119 (14.3%) were smear-positive. In the multivariate binary logistic model, PTB suspected patients in the age groups of <=25 and 25-34 and those from rural residents were 4.53 [AOR=4.53; 95%CI: 2.25- 9.13], 3.00 [AOR=3.00; 95%CI:1.41-6.35] and 1.65 [AOR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.70] times at higher risk of turning smear-positive. Eleven (47.8%) districts of Arsi Zone were shown to have high rate of clustering (RR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.62-3.2) of smear-positive PTB. Of 72 isolates queried for the lineage assignment, 59 (81.9%) were classified into the previously known lineages and 13 (18.1%) were not assigned to any known lineages. Overall, 42 (58.3%) belong to M. tuberculosis lineage 4 (Euro-American), 16 (22.2%) M. tuberculosis lineage 3 (Delhi/CAS), and 1 (1.4%) M. tuberculosis Lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic/ East Africa Indian). Further classification to the sublineage indicates that the predominant lineage was Delhi/CAS comprising 16 (22.2%) isolates followed by 15 (20.8%) isolates belonging to Haarlem. The remaining isolates were distributed as 13 (18.1%) TUR, 6 (8.3%) LAM, 4 (5.5%) URAL, 4 (4.5%) NEW-1 and 1(1.4%) EAI. Conclusion: Our study showed higher smear-positive results among PTB suspected patients and remarkable spatial variation across districts of Arsi Zone in smear-positive PTB. This information together with the genotypic features could be used as input for the efforts of designing control strategies.
A Case-Control Study on Maternal caffeine intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Leila , Desu Blen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends caffeine intake during pregnancy should be lower than 300 mg/day. Maternal caffeine intake is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, little information is available on maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and its effect on birth weight. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and its effect on birth weight in Wolaita zone hospitals in South Ethiopia. .Method: The case-control study design was applied from March 1 to July 30, 2019. A total of 395 mothers (99cases and 296 controls) were interviewed by trained data collectors using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken both from mothers and newborns. The association between maternal caffeine intake and birth weight was computed through bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: Mean (±SD) caffeine intake among pregnant women was 342±172 mg/day. A vast majority of the respondents 374(94.7%) consumed caffeine during the current pregnancy, out of this 269(68%) ingested 300mg or more of caffeine per day (high consumers).Relatively more mothers of low birth weight infants were consumed high caffeine 87(87.9%) compared with controls (51.5%). multivariable logistic regression model indicated that those mothers who consumed high caffeine during pregnancy were four times more likely to have a newborn with low birth weight (AOR= 4.1( 95% CI 1.2, 10.1)Conclusion: This research result gives insight for health professional should be aware of the impact of heavy caffeine consumption on birth outcome and try to screen and consulate pregnant mothers who are at risk of having infants with LBW and provide skilled nutritional counseling during ANC visits, including the intake of caffeine.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) in Iranian Schizophrenia Caregivers: A Methodological and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bagheri Shahpar , Zarshenas Ladan , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Sharif Farkhondeh , Sarani Ebrahim Moghimi , Shirazi Zahra Hadian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Family caregivers of individual with schizophrenia experience various stresses in everyday life which have a negative impact on their well-being. The Caregiver Well-Being Scale(CWBS) is an instrument with psychometrics properties that identifies many important factors associated with caregiving stressors, and provides a picture of overall felt well-being. Since, there is no Persian version of this instrument for investigating schizophrenia caregiver’s well-being, cross cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CWBS among Iranian Schizophrenia caregivers is required.Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 Schizophrenia caregivers in psychiatric centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS), in the south of Iran. Persian version of the CWBS was generated in two phases: Phase 1 – Cross-cultural adaptation using forward translation and backward translation methods in five stages. Phase 2 – Psychometric properties test involved assessing content validity, construct validity by exploratory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity, reliability by internal consistency and test –retest.Results: The translation, cross-cultural adaptation and qualitative content validity resulted in some semantic modifications to the original CWBS version. Both subscales of CWBS -(Basic Need(BN) and Activities of Daily living (ADL)- showed a signiﬁcant strong positive correlation with total CWBS, (BN: r = 0.81 and ADL: r= 0.88), moderate positive correlation with SOC (BN: r = 0.42 and ADL: r = 0.46), and moderate negative correlation with CBI (BN: r = -0.38 and ADL: r= -0.47) (all p<0.001), presenting convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis and Varimax Rotation provide evidence that the Persian version encompasses three underlying constructs for ADL and BN, as the original scale. The CWBS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0. 0.842) and satisfactory test-retest reliability within 2.5 weeks interval (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.827 to 0.906)) for 14 items.Conclusions: The results showed the Persian adapted version of CWBS complies the validity and reliability of the criteria required. The scale can be employed in practice and research to assess well-being in Iranian caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Registration number: (registration no.97-01-08-18819).
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Percentage of Teenage Mothers and Youth Female Literacy Rate
Authors: Adesina Miracle , Olufadewa Isaac , Oladele Ruth , Oladokun Blessing , Akinloye Seyi , Ekpotu Precious , Ibiang Koton 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the past few years, maternal mortality rate has been a growing area of research interest in Africa. It is also noteworthy that teenage mothers are on the rise. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal mortality rate (MMR), the percentage of teenage mothers, and literacy rate among female adolescents in different regions of Africa.MethodSecondary data on maternal mortality rate, percentage of teenage mothers and youth female literacy rate, originally compiled by United Nations Population Division, was obtained from World Bank data and analyzed using a regression model. The average values were estimated for MMR and youth literacy and the relationship was determined for each region.ResultsThe West African region had the highest average maternal mortality rate while North Africa had the highest mean literacy rate and the highest mean teenage mother rate. A 10% rise in adolescent literacy rate was shown to reduce MMR across all regions, although the extent of reduction differed across each region. A reduction in MMR was observed as well in varying proportions, following a hypothetical 10% increase in youth literacy rate over some years.ConclusionThe study shows that low literacy rates were associated with child marriage which increases the risk of maternal mortality. Efforts need to be further intensified in improving the educational level of females in developing countries, especially African nations, in order to reduce maternal mortality in the region.
Gene Expression Profiling in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Kim Joo Hyun , Bang Heejin , Cho Junhun , Ko Young Hyeh , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Won Seog 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed to provide more information on ENKTL molecular signature and offer a rationale for further investigation of prognostic markers in ENKTL. NanoString nCounter Analysis encompassing 133 target genes was used to compare gene expression levels of 43 ENKTL tumor samples. The majority of the patients were under 60 years of age (79.1%); 32 (74.4%) patients had nasal type ENKTL and 23 patients (53.5%) had intermediate/high risk ENKTL based on the prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK). The median follow-up was 15.9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months (95% CI, 13.0–69.8). EGR1 upregulation was consistently identified in the localized stage with a low risk of prognostic index based on the PINK. Among the six significantly relevant genes for EGR1 expression, high expression levels of genes, including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3, were associated with a good survival prognosis. The in vitro test showed EGR1 modulated the transcriptional activity of the target genes including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3. Downregulation of EGR1 and its target genes significantly inhibited apoptosis and decreased chemosensitivity and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis. The findings showed EGR1 may be a candidate for prognostic markers in ENKTL. Considerable additional characterization may be necessary to fully understand EGR1.
Construction of Prognostic Prediction Model for Stomach Adenocarcinoma Based on the TCGA Database.
Authors: Gu Zhengzhong , Cui Xiaohan , Wang Xudong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Prognostic prediction models have been developed to detect new biomarkers of gastric cancer (GC). The identification of new biomarkers could provide theoretical foundations for the application of molecular targeted therapy in advanced GC. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic prediction model for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: First, we used the "limma" package to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on TCGA database. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using the "ClusterProfiler" package. The interactions between proteins and the relationships between differentially expressed genes and clinical features were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), respectively. Then, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to identify differentially enriched pathways. The GenVisR package and CIBERSORT were used to identify mutations and assess immune infiltration. Finally, the expression of COL3A1 in STAD tissues was verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting.Results: Six differentially expressed genes were screened out, namely, COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1 and HTRA3. The enrichment results showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in multiple pathways in STAD, such as those related to the extracellular matrix, extracellular structure organization, and extracellular matrix organization. The differentially expressed genes were related to immune infiltration via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. The western blotting and RT-qPCR results suggested that COL3A1 was overexpressed in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues.Conclusion: COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1 and HTRA3 could play important roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of STAD via various pathways, including those involving the extracellular matrix, extracellular structure organization, and extracellular matrix organization. COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1, and HTRA3 act as oncogenes in most cancers and may be biomarkers. Additionally, the identification of COL3A1 as a candidate biomarker provides a direction for further research on the role of tumor immunity in gastric cancer.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Micronaire Using a Natural Population of Representative Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)
Authors: Song Jikun , Pei Weifeng , Ma Jianjiang , Yang Shuxian , Jia Bing , Bian Yingying , Xin Yue , Wu Luyao , Zang Xinshan , Qu Yanying , Zhang Jinfa , Wu Man , Yu Jiwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMicronaire is a comprehensive index reflecting fineness and maturity of cotton fibers. It is one of the important internal quality indicators of cotton fibers and is closely related to the use value of cotton fibers. Understanding the genetic basis of micronaire is required for the genetic improvement of the trait. However, the underlying genetic architecture at the genomic level is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to use GWAS to dissect the genetic mechanism underlying the micronaire trait in 83 representative upland cotton lines grown in multiple environments.ResultsThe GWAS of micronaire was conducted using 83 upland cotton accessions and the Cotton 63K Illumina Infinium SNP array. A total of 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on 10 chromosomes for micronaire were detected. Among these 11 QTLs, 27 genes with specific expression patterns were identified and selected. One novel QTL, qFM-A12-1, included 12 significant SNPs, and GhFLA9 was identified as a candidate gene based on the strong, direct LD relationships between the significantly related SNPs and the gene and a haplotype block analysis. GhFLA9 was highly expressed during secondary wall thickening at 20-25 days post-anthesis (DPA). Its expression level was significantly higher in low-micronaire line (Msco-12) than in high-micronaire line (Chuangyou-9).Conclusions﻿This study provides a genetic reference for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber micronaire (FM) and lays a foundation for the functional verification of GhFLA9.