bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐fidelity, accelerated whole‐brain submillimeter in vivo diffusion MRI using gSlider‐spherical ridgelets (gSlider‐SR)
Authors: Ramos‐Llordén Gabriel , Ning Lipeng , Liao Congyu , Mukhometzianov Rinat , Michailovich Oleg , Setsompop Kawin , Rathi Yogesh 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo develop an accelerated, robust, and accurate diffusion MRI acquisition and reconstruction technique for submillimeter whole human brain in vivo scan on a clinical scanner.MethodsWe extend the ultra‐high resolution diffusion MRI acquisition technique, gSlider, by allowing undersampling in q‐space and radiofrequency (RF)‐encoding space, thereby dramatically reducing the total acquisition time of conventional gSlider. The novel method, termed gSlider‐SR, compensates for the lack of acquired information by exploiting redundancy in the dMRI data using a basis of spherical ridgelets (SR), while simultaneously enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Using Monte Carlo simulation with realistic noise levels and several acquisitions of in vivo human brain dMRI data (acquired on a Siemens Prisma 3T scanner), we demonstrate the efficacy of our method using several quantitative metrics.ResultsFor high‐resolution dMRI data with realistic noise levels (synthetically added), we show that gSlider‐SR can reconstruct high‐quality dMRI data at different acceleration factors preserving both signal and angular information. With in vivo data, we demonstrate that gSlider‐SR can accurately reconstruct 860 μm diffusion MRI data (64 diffusion directions at ), at comparable quality as that obtained with conventional gSlider with four averages, thereby providing an eight‐fold reduction in scan time (from 1 hour 20 to 10 minutes).ConclusionsgSlider‐SR enables whole‐brain high angular resolution dMRI at a submillimeter spatial resolution with a dramatically reduced acquisition time, making it feasible to use the proposed scheme on existing clinical scanners.
Essential thrombocythemia A retrospective case series
Authors: Barg Assaf Arie , Toren Amos , Tamary Hannah , Yacobovich Joanne , Steinberg‐Shemer Orna , Gilad Oded , Goldstein Gal , Miskin Hagit , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Rosenbeg Nurit , Kenet Gili , Zemer Vered Shkalim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEssential thrombocythemia (ET) is rare in children, and pediatric guidelines are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate ET diagnosis and treatment in a pediatric cohort.ProcedureData of patients with ET from three hospitals were reviewed. Molecular diagnosis included JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL mutations. Patients were evaluated for acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). Follow‐up included clinical symptoms, adverse events, and treatment.ResultsTwelve children (median age: 8 years, range 1‐14.5) were included. Mean lag period between the first documentation of thrombocytosis until ET diagnosis was 36 months. Six patients were positive for JAK2V617F and two for CALR mutations. In six of nine patients, AVWS was diagnosed. At diagnosis, only 33% of patients started therapy with aspirin (n = 4) and hydroxyurea (n = 2). In three of eight untreated patients, therapy was added during follow‐up. The cohort was followed for a median of 32.5 months (range: 4‐108 months). Clinical follow‐up disclosed vascular complications in 4 of 12 patients (deep vein thrombosis, n = 1; transient ischemic attack, n = 3). Two females experienced excessive bleeding; both were diagnosed with AVWS. Neither leukemia nor myelofibrosis evolved in our cohort.ConclusionIncreased awareness to pediatric ET is warranted, as delayed diagnosis is common. Compared to adults, AVWS may be more prevalent among children with ET.
Clonal T‐cell large granular lymphocyte proliferations in childhood and young adult immune dysregulation conditions
Authors: Savaşan Süreyya , Al‐Qanber Batool , Buck Steven , Wakeling Erin , Gadgeel Manisha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundProliferation of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and T‐cell LGL (T‐LGL) in peripheral blood along with demonstration of clonality are the hallmarks of a heterogeneous group of disorders, including T‐LGL leukemia or T‐LGL lymphocytosis. They are often associated with neutropenia and responsive to immunosuppression. The true nature of this entity is not well understood. Some cases are reported as reactive phenomena with very limited experience in pediatric population.MethodsHematology/Oncology Flow Cytometry Laboratory database has been reviewed retrospectively. Patients with identifiable distinct CD5‐dim T‐cell population and positive clonal T‐cell receptor rearrangement were included in the analysis. Clinical and laboratory data were then reviewed.ResultsSixteen cases of children and young adults with increased peripheral blood clonal T‐LGL population characterized by dim CD5 expression with wide range of underlying immune dysregulation/stimulation disorders were reviewed. Extended follow up with repeat testing suggested the reactive nature of persistent clonal T‐LGL proliferations in this group.ConclusionsOur observations indicate that clonal T‐LGL proliferations in children and young adults are reactive in nature and some can be persistent with an indolent course with unknown consequentiality. Clonal T‐LGL cells could be targeting the most prominent immunogenic stressor(s) involved as a control mechanism.
Coherence Between Sleep Detection by Actigraphy and Polysomnography in a Multi‐Center, Inpatient Cohort of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zeitzer Jamie M. , Hon Flora , Whyte John , Monden Kimberley R. , Bogner Jennifer , Dahdah Marie , Wittine Lara , Bell Kathleen R. , Nakase‐Richardson Risa 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSleep is increasingly recognized as a crucial component to rapid and successful rehabilitation, especially from traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Assessment of longitudinal patterns of sleep in a hospital setting, however, are difficult and often the expertise or equipment to conduct such studies is not available. Actigraphy (wrist‐worn accelerometry) has been used for many years as a simple proxy measurement of sleep patterns, but its use has not been thoroughly validated in individuals with TBI.ObjectiveTo determine the validity of different sensitivity settings of actigraphy analysis to optimize its use as a proxy for recording sleep patterns in individuals with a TBI.DesignComparison of actigraphy to criterion standard polysomnographic (PSG)‐determination of sleep on a single overnight study.SettingSix rehabilitation hospitals in the TBI Model System.ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty‐seven consecutive, medically stable individuals with a TBI.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureConcordance between PSG‐ and actigraphy‐determined sleep using different sensitivity threshold settings (low, medium, high, automated).ResultsBland‐Altman plots revealed increasing error with increasing amounts of wake during the sleep episode. Precision‐recall statistics indicate that with less sensitive actigraphy thresholds, episodes identified as “wake” are usually “wake,” but many true episodes of “wake” are missed. With more sensitive actigraphy thresholds, more episodes of “wake” are identified, but only some of these are true episodes of “wake.”ConclusionsIn hospitalized patients with TBI and poor sleep, actigraphy underestimates the level of sleep disruption and has poor concordance with PSG‐determined sleep. Alternate methods of scoring sleep from actigraphy data are necessary in this population.
Utility of accumulated opioid supply days and individual patient factors in predicting probability of transitioning to long‐term opioid use: An observational study in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Hadlandsmyth Katherine , Mosher Hilary J. , Vander Weg Mark W. , O’Shea Amy M. , McCoy Kimberly D. , Lund Brian C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInitial supply days dispensed to new users is strongly predictive of future long‐term opioid use (LTO). The objective was to examine whether a model integrating additional clinical variables conferred meaningful improvement in predicting LTO, beyond a simple approach using only accumulated supply. Three cohorts were created using Veteran's Health Administration data based on accumulated supply days during the 90 days following opioid initiation: (a) <30 days, (b) ≥30 days, (c) ≥60 days. A base, unadjusted probability of subsequent LTO (days 91‐365) was calculated for each cohort, along with an associated risk range based on midpoint values between cohorts. Within each cohort, log‐binomial regression modeled the probability of subsequent LTO, using demographic, diagnostic, and medication characteristics. Each patient's LTO probability was determined using their individual characteristic values and model parameter estimates, where values falling outside the cohort's risk range were considered a clinically meaningful change in predictive value. Base probabilities for subsequent LTO and associated risk ranges by cohort were as follows: (a) 3.92% (0%‐10.75%), (b) 17.59% (10.76%‐28.05%), (c) 38.53% (28.06%‐47.55%). The proportion of patients whose individual probability fell outside their cohort's risk range was as follows: 1.5%, 4.6%, and 9.2% for cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The strong relationship between accumulated supply days and future LTO offers an opportunity to leverage electronic healthcare records for decision support in preventing the initiation of inappropriate LTO through early intervention. More complex models are unlikely to meaningfully guide decision making beyond the single variable of accumulated supply days.
Exploring the effects of solvents on an organic explosive: Insights from the electron structure, electrostatic potential, and conformational transformations of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane
Authors: Zhu Shuangfei , Gan Qiang , Cheng Nianshou , Feng Changgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to attain comprehensive insights into the crystallization of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) from solutions, the geometric and electronic structures and conformational transformations of its β‐, γ‐, ε‐, ζ‐ and η‐ forms in six organic solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and 2‐propanol) were evaluated using quantum chemistry calculations. Results showed that solvents have little effect on the geometric structures of molecules but greatly impact the energy and electronic structure of CL‐20. The electron density, atomic charges, and electrostatic potential of CL‐20 exhibit polarization due to the solvent effect, especially in alcohols. The polarity of CL‐20 increased because of the change in electron density. The transformations of the five conformers of CL‐20 were studied thoroughly, and the energy barriers were evaluated using the Gibbs energies. Importantly, the reason η‐CL‐20 is only found in CL‐20‐based cocrystals was suggested. These results indicate that solvents play a critical role in crystal growth.
Integration of migrants through a prism of specific sustainable development goals: A perspective of public administration
Authors: Giljević Teo , Lalić Novak Goranka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the administrative capacities of local units for the integration of migrants in conventionally non‐immigrant countries and examine the association between the quality of local governance, sustainable development, and integration. The empirical case study was conducted on Croatia, which in recent years has experienced a modest increase in the number of migrants. The survey was conducted in eight cities in Croatia, which have undergone or expected to undergo the integration of refugees and migrants. The administrative capacities were analyzed in terms of four issues that are considered crucial to integration policy: delivery, regulatory, coordination, and analytical capacities. The findings reveal that local administrative capacities must be developed to respond to the individual needs of migrants.
Sensing and monitoring in tunnels testing and monitoring methods for the assessment of tunnels
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Bien Jan , Neuner Hans , Harmening Corinna , Seywald Christian , Österreicher Michael , Voit Klaus , Pistone Elisabetta , Spyridis Panagiotis , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a review of testing methods and a classification of strategies and tools in terms of technologies and techniques applied to the monitoring of tunnels. In particular, the topic is contextualized through a brief introduction in Chapter 1, followed by defect taxonomy and degradation mechanisms in Chapters 2 and 3, respectively. Chapters 4 and 5 are related to monitoring strategies and technologies. The former consists of purpose‐based categorization of monitoring policies, while the latter consists of classification of monitoring methods including nondestructive and semidestructive techniques as well as of classification of various types of sensors also based on the physical or chemical quantity measured. General rules of implementation and operation of tunnel monitoring systems are presented taking into account international expert knowledge as well as contemporary practical experience in Austria. Considered issues are related to the fib Model Code 2020 (MC2020) focused on evaluation of structural performance assisted by monitoring and testing. Chapter 6 presents challenges related to the monitoring implementation and operation. Chapter 7 discusses about monitoring characteristics in new tunnel, including data acquisition‐transmission and specific monitoring techniques. Chapter 8 instead treats a particular topic related to considerations related to monitoring characteristics of existing tunnel under investigation. Concluding remarks and references finally close the paper.
A fresh look at the gravitational-wave signal from cosmological phase transitions
Authors: Alanne Tommi , Hugle Thomas , Platscher Moritz , Schmitz Kai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Many models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict a strong first-order phase transition (SFOPT) in the early Universe that leads to observable gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we propose a novel method for presenting and comparing the GW signals that are predicted by different models. Our approach is based on the observation that the GW signal has an approximately model-independent spectral shape. This allows us to represent it solely in terms of a finite number of observables, that is, a set of peak amplitudes and peak frequencies. As an example, we consider the GW signal in the real-scalar-singlet extension of the Standard Model (xSM). We construct the signal region of the xSM in the space of observables and show how it will be probed by future space-borne interferometers. Our analysis results in sensitivity plots that are reminiscent of similar plots that are typically shown for dark-matter direct-detection experiments, but which are novel in the context of GWs from a SFOPT. These plots set the stage for a systematic model comparison, the exploration of underlying model-parameter dependencies, and the construction of distribution functions in the space of observables. In our plots, the experimental sensitivities of future searches for a stochastic GW signal are indicated by peak-integrated sensitivity curves. A detailed discussion of these curves, including fit functions, is contained in a companion paper [1].
High scale validity of the DFSZ axion model with precision
Authors: Oda Satsuki , Shoji Yutaro , Takahashi Dai-suke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With the assumption of classical scale invariance at the Planck scale, the DFSZ axion model can generate the Higgs mass terms of the appropriate size through technically natural parameters and may be valid up to the Planck scale. We discuss the high scale validity of the Higgs sector, namely the absence of Landau poles and the vacuum stability. The Higgs sector is identical to that of the type-II two Higgs doublet model with a limited number of the Higgs quartic couplings. We utilize the state-of-the-art method to calculate vacuum decay rates and find that they are enhanced at most by 1010 compared with the tree level evaluation. We also discuss the constraints from flavor observables, perturbative unitarity, oblique parameters and collider searches. We find that the high scale validity tightly constrains the parameter region, but there is still a chance to observe at most about 10% deviation of the 125 GeV Higgs couplings to the fermions.
In Europe
Authors: van Dongen Jeroen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs the History of Science Society, which is based in America, holds its annual meeting in Utrecht, one of the key academic centers on the European continent, one may surmise that the field has returned home. Yet, this hardly reflects how today’s world of scholarship is constituted: in the historiography of science, “provincializing Europe” has become an important theme, while the field itself, as is the case across the world of academia, is centered around a predominantly American literature. At the same time, ever since historians of science emancipated themselves from the sciences a long time ago, they often have appeared, in the public eye, to question rather than to seek to bolster the authority of the sciences. How has this situation come about, and what does it tell us about the world we live in today? What insight is sought and what public benefit is gained by the historical study of science? As we try to answer these questions, we will follow a number of key mid-twentieth-century historians—Eduard Dijksterhuis, Thomas Kuhn, and Martin Klein—in their Atlantic crossings. Their answers to debates on the constitution of the early modern scientific revolution or the novelty of the work of Max Planck will illustrate how notions of “center” and “periphery” have shifted—and what that may tell us about being “in Europe” today.
HIV-Präexpositionsprophylaxe-Versorgung in intersektoraler Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Ahaus Patrick , Potthoff Anja , Kayser Arne , Wach Janet , Brockmeyer Norbert H. , Skaletz-Rorowski Adriane 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur HIV(„human immunodeficiency virus“)-Präexpositionsprophylaxe (PrEP) wird am WIR – Walk In Ruhr – Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin ein innovatives Modellprojekt zur intersektoralen PrEP-Versorgung durchgeführt.

Forschungsziele
Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt, wer mit der PrEP versorgt wurde und wie sich im Verlauf der PrEP-Einnahme das sexuelle Risikoverhalten änderte sowie welche sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI) und unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen auftraten.

Methoden
In die Studie wurden bisher N = 139 Probanden eingeschlossen, die zwischen 10/2017 und 12/2018 mit einer PrEP begonnen haben. Alle PrEP-Nutzer erhielten Fragebögen, zudem wurden Nebenwirkungen, HIV und andere STI mittels klinischer Laborwerte über einen Zeitraum von 13 Monaten erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Die PrEP-Nutzer hatten ein durchschnittliches Alter von 38 Jahren, waren zu 98,6 % Männer, die Sex mit Männern (MSM) hatten, und zeichneten sich durch einen hohen Bildungsstatus und geringe Arbeitslosigkeit aus. Die durchschnittliche Partneranzahl pro Proband innerhalb der letzten 6 Monate stieg im Verlauf signifikant an, während die Kondomnutzung signifikant zurückging. Innerhalb der ersten 4 Monate nach PrEP-Beginn traten 44 STI bei 34 Patienten auf. Es wurde keine HIV-Infektion festgestellt. In den ersten 4 Wochen nach PrEP-Beginn zeigten sich bei 38,8 % der Probanden unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen, hauptsächlich Symptome des Magen-Darm-Trakts.

Schlussfolgerung
Die PrEP-Nutzer hatten einen guten Bildungsstatus und einen festen Arbeitsplatz bzw. eine Ausbildungsstelle. Das sexuelle Risikoverhalten nahm im Verlauf zu, verbunden mit einem gehäuften Auftreten von STI. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen zeigten sich insbesondere zu Anfang der PrEP-Einnahme.
Chromite chemistry of a massive chromitite seam in the northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: correlation with the UG-2 in the eastern and western limbs and evidence of variable assimilation of footwall rocks
Authors: Langa Malose M. , Jugo Pedro J. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Grobler Danie F. , Adetunji Jacob , Skogby Henrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is known for its laterally extensive platinum group element–bearing layers, the most famous being the Merensky Reef and the UG-2 chromitite in the eastern and western limbs of the complex. In the northern limb, the Platreef mineralization and a thick chromitite seam below it (referred to as the “UG-2 equivalent” or UG-2E) have been proposed to be the stratigraphic equivalents of the Merensky Reef and the UG-2, respectively. In this study, we compare a suite of UG-2E samples from the Turfspruit project with a UG-2 reference suite from the western limb using petrography, electron probe microanalysis, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results show that (a) in Mg# vs. Cr# diagrams, UG-2E chromites have a distinct compositional field; however, when samples of similar chromite modal abundance (≥ 80%) are used, the UG-2E chromites overlap the field that characterizes UG-2 chromites; (b) the UG-2E is more variable in chromite modal abundance than the UG-2; and (c) variations in Mg# and Fe3+/ΣFe in the UG-2E indicate contamination of the magma by metasedimentary rocks of the Duitschland Formation (Transvaal Supergroup) during emplacement, followed by partial re-equilibration of chromite grains with a trapped melt. Thus, we conclude that for chromite modes higher than 80%, the chromite composition retains enough information to allow correlation and that the UG-2E in the northern limb is very likely the UG-2 chromitite.
A multiple reaction monitoring method for determining peanut (Arachis hypogea) allergens in serum using quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Hands Charlotte M. , Sayers Rebekah L. , Nitride Chiara , Gethings Lee A. , Mills E. N. Clare 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeanut is a major cause of severe IgE-mediated food allergic reactions, which can be exacerbated by factors, such as exercise, that may increase allergen uptake into the circulation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been used to determine allergen uptake into serum, but there are concerns over their specificity and a confirmatory method is required. Mass spectrometry (MS) methods have the potential to provide rigorous alternatives for allergen determination. A suite of peptide targets representing the major clinically relevant peanut allergens previously applied in food analysis were used to develop a targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for determination of peanut in serum. Depletion of serum using affinity chromatography was found to be essential to allow detection of the peptide targets. A comparison of triple quadrupole and Q-TOF methods showed that one Ara h 2 peptide was only detected by the Q-TOF, the other peptide targets giving similar assay sensitivities with both MS platforms, although transitions for all the peptides were detected more consistently with the Q-TOF. The Q-TOF MRM assay detected peanut from spiked serum more effectively than the triple quadrupole assay, with Ara h 3 being detected down to 3 mg total peanut protein/L of serum, comparable with an Ara h 3–specific ELISA. The poor recoveries observed for both methods are likely due to loss of peanut immune complexes during the serum depletion process. Nevertheless, the Q-TOF MRM method has much promise to confirm the uptake of peanut proteins in serum samples providing immune complexes can be disrupted effectively prior to depletion.