bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-band Activity Tracks the Zoom Lens of Attention
Authors: Feldmann-Wüstefeld Tobias , Awh Edward 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Voluntary control over spatial attention has been likened to the operation of a zoom lens, such that processing quality declines as the size of the attended region increases, with a gradient of performance that peaks at the center of the selected area. Although concurrent changes in activity in visual regions suggest that zoom lens adjustments influence perceptual stages of processing, extant work has not distinguished between changes in the spatial selectivity of attention-driven neural activity and baseline shift of activity that can increase mean levels of activity without changes in selectivity. Here, we distinguished between these alternatives by measuring EEG activity in humans to track preparatory changes in alpha activity that indexed the precise topography of attention across the possible target positions. We observed increased spatial selectivity in alpha activity when observers voluntarily directed attention toward a narrower region of space, a pattern that was mirrored in target discrimination accuracy. Thus, alpha activity tracks both the centroid and spatial extent of covert spatial attention before the onset of the target display, lending support to the hypothesis that narrowing the zoom lens of attention shapes the initial encoding of sensory information.
Fireworks on Weather Radar and Camera
Authors: Zrnić D. S. , Zhang P. , Melnikov V. , Kabela E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh-sensitivity weather radars easily detect nonmeteorological phenomena characterized by weak radar returns. Fireworks are the example presented here. To understand radar observations, an experiment was conducted in which the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)’s research (3-cm wavelength) dual-polarization radar and a video camera were located at 1 km from fireworks in Norman, Oklahoma. The fireworks from the 4 July 2017 celebration were recorded by both instruments. The experiment is described. Few bursts recorded by the camera are analyzed to obtain the height of the explosion, its maximum diameter, number of stars, and the duration of the visible image. Radar volume scans are examined to characterize the height of the observation, the maximum reflectivity, and its distribution with height. The fireworks location is close to the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) that operates in single polarization at a 5-cm wavelength and monitors hazardous weather over the Oklahoma City airport. A third radar with data from the event is the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) located in Norman. It has a wavelength of 10 cm and supports technical developments at the Radar Operation Center. Reflectivity factors measured by the three radars are compared to infer the size of dominant scatterers. The polarimetric characteristics of fireworks returns are analyzed. Although these differ from those of precipitation, they are indistinguishable from insect returns. Radar observation of larger fireworks in Fort Worth, Texas, with a WSR-88D is included and compared with the observations of the smaller fireworks in Norman. We expect the detectability of explosions would be similar as of fireworks. Pinpointing locations would be useful to first responders, or air quality forecasters. A benefit of fireworks recognition in weather radar data is that it can prevent contamination of precipitation accumulations.
Vertical Discretization for a Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Model Based on High-Order Spectral Elements
Authors: Yi Tae-Hyeong , Giraldo Francis X. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the treatment of vertical discretization for a high-order, spectral element model of a nonhydrostatic atmosphere in which the governing equations of the model are separated into horizontal and vertical components by introducing a coordinate transformation, so that one can use different orders and types of approximations in both directions. The vertical terms of the decoupled governing equations are discretized using finite elements based on either Lagrange or basis-spline polynomial functions in the sigma coordinate, while maintaining the high-order spectral elements for the discretization of the horizontal terms. This leads to the fact that the high-order model of spectral elements with a nonuniform grid, interpolated within an element, can be easily accommodated with existing physical parameterizations. Idealized tests are performed to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the vertical discretization methods, in addition to the central finite differences, with those of the standard high-order spectral element approach. Our results show, through all the test cases, that the finite element with the cubic basis-spline function is more accurate than the other vertical discretization methods at moderate computational cost. Furthermore, grid dependency studies in the tests with and without orography indicate that the convergence rate of the vertical discretization methods is lower than the expected level of discretization accuracy, especially in the Schär mountain test, which yields approximately first-order convergence.
Lagrangian Data Assimilation of Surface Drifters in a Double-Gyre Ocean Model Using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Luyu , Penny Stephen G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The assimilation of position data from Lagrangian observing platforms is underdeveloped in operational applications because of two main challenges: 1) nonlinear growth of model and observation error in the Lagrangian trajectories, and 2) the high dimensionality of realistic models. In this study, we propose a localized Lagrangian data assimilation (LaDA) method that is based on the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). The algorithm is tested with an “identical twin” approach in observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using a simple double-gyre configuration of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Modular Ocean Model. Results from the OSSEs show that with a proper choice of localization radius, the LaDA can outperform conventional assimilation of surface in situ temperature and salinity measurements. The improvements are seen not only in the surface state estimate, but also throughout the ocean column to 1000 m depth. The impacts of localization radius and model error in estimating accuracy of both fluid and drifter states are further investigated.
Pertuzumab-associated diarrhea in HER2/neu-positive breast cancer patients: A comparison of trials to actual practice
Authors: Yankulina Olga , Zullo Andrew R , Cabral Sarah E , Huynh Justin P , Hutchinson Jennifer A , Lopresti Mary L , Fenton Mary A , Berard-Collins Christine M 
Published: October 2019

Background Although landmark trials in the metastatic (CLEOPATRA) and neo-adjuvant (NeoSphere; TRYPHAENA) settings identified all-grade diarrhea as a pertuzumab-associated adverse event, it was not classified as dose-limiting. In actual practice, diarrhea is often a reason for treatment modifications. Objectives To compare the risk of pertuzumab-associated diarrhea in actual practice to the risks in randomized controlled trials. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer patients who received a pertuzumab-containing regimen between January 2012 and August 2015. We calculated the risk of diarrhea with 95% confidence limits (CLs), and then used two-sample t-tests to compare the risk between trials and actual practice. Results A total of 27 patients in the study cohort received a pertuzumab-containing treatment regimen for HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. The overall risk of all-grade and severe diarrhea in actual practice was 70% (95% CLs 55–90%) and 37% (95% CLs 20–66%), respectively. No severe diarrhea was observed in the metastatic setting, and the risk of all-grade diarrhea (44%, 95% CLs 21–92%) was similar to the CLEOPATRA study (67%). The risk of all-grade diarrhea in the neo-adjuvant setting was 83% (95% CLs 68–100%), compared to 46% in the NeoSphere trial (p = 0.03). The risk of severe diarrhea (Grade 3–4) in the neo-adjuvant setting was 47% (95% CLs 27–80%) versus 6% in the NeoSphere (p < 0.0001) and 12% in the TRYPHAENA (p < 0.01) trials. Conclusions The risk of all-grade and severe diarrhea associated with neoadjuvant pertuzumab use for HER2/neu-positive breast cancer was greater in actual practice than in trials.
Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma with and without skeletal-related events
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Medhekar Rohan , Princic Nicole , Fowler Robert , Tran Oth , Bhowmik Debajyoti , Panjabi Sumeet 
Published: October 2019

Aim To compare healthcare resource use and costs between newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients with and without skeletal-related events (SREs). Methods Adults newly diagnosed with MM (1 January 2006 and 30 June 2017) with at least 12 months continuous health coverage prior to diagnosis were identified using the IBM MarketScan administrative claims. To control for baseline differences, NDMM patients with SREs were propensity score matched to NDMM patients without SREs. Outcomes included annual HRU and costs during follow-up along with number and type of SREs (SRE cohort only). Patients with SREs were stratified by number of SREs, and annual SRE-related costs were reported. Student's t test and Chi-squared test were used to compare outcomes. Results Before matching, the 6648 patients in the SRE cohort had more comorbidities, were more likely to have MM treatment, and had higher pre-index healthcare costs than the 7458 patients in the non-SRE cohort. After matching, cohorts of 3432 patients were well balanced on baseline characteristics. Patients with SREs (vs. without SREs) had significantly higher inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy HRU. Patients with SREs had significantly higher mean annual all-cause healthcare costs ($213,361 vs. $94,896, p < 0.001) with hospitalization being the leading driver of increased costs (38.7% of total). Among 6648 patients with SREs, the mean annual SRE-related healthcare costs were $39,603, $45,463, and $50,111 for patients with one, two, and three or more events, respectively. Conclusions NDMM patients with SREs have more than twice the all-cause healthcare costs than matched patients without SREs. Costs increase with the number of SRE events.
A cost-consequence analysis comparing patient travel, outreach, and telehealth clinic models for a specialist diabetes service to Indigenous people in Queensland
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L , Caffery Liam J , Haydon Helen M , Wickramasinghe Sumudu I , Crumblin Kerry , Smith Anthony C 
Published: October 2019

Introduction The delivery of specialist health services to people living in Indigenous communities is an important challenge. Specialist diabetes outpatient clinics may be delivered via a patient travelling to a metropolitan hospital, during an outreach clinic, or by telehealth. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and consequences of different service models for delivering specialist diabetes clinics for a remote Indigenous community. Method Patient travel, outreach and telehealth clinic models were compared using a cost-consequence analysis principles. The setting was Cunnamulla, a remote Indigenous community in Western Queensland. Costs were calculated by quantifying the staff resources and travel costs for each clinic model. Costs were reported in Australian dollars and reported from the health service perspective. Results The marginal cost per patient for each clinic were $692 for patient travel, $482 for the outreach and $284 for telehealth. If a patient travel appointment was replaced with telehealth, approximately $517 in costs for patient travel reimbursement would be avoided. While replacing an entire outreach clinic with a telehealth clinic would reduce costs by approximately $3961. Conclusion The marginal cost of patient travel to a metropolitan clinic and outreach clinic appointments was greater than telehealth. Telehealth is unlikely to completely replace the need for patient travel or outreach clinics. However, replacing a proportion of these appointments with telehealth may reduce the overall costs of providing specialist diabetes care in remote communities. Telehealth may have advantages beyond economic as it reduces the time away from usual activities for both the patient and endocrinologist.
Implementation of speech pathology telepractice services for clinical swallowing assessment: An evaluation of service outcomes, costs and consumer satisfaction
Authors: Burns Clare L , Ward Elizabeth C , Gray Amy , Baker Lisa , Cowie Brooke , Winter Natalie , Rusch Rukmani , Saxon Robyn , Barnes Sarah , Turvey Jodie 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Timely assessment of swallowing disorders (dysphagia) by speech pathologists helps minimise patient risk, optimise quality of life, and limit healthcare costs. This study involved a multi-site implementation of a validated model for conducting adult clinical swallowing assessments via telepractice and examined its service outcomes, costs and consumer satisfaction. Methods Five hub-spoke telepractice services, encompassing 18 facilities were established across a public health service. Service implementation support, including training of the telepractice speech pathologists (T-SP) and healthcare support workers in each site, was facilitated by an experienced project officer. New referrals from spoke sites were managed by the hub T-SP as per published protocols for dysphagia assessments via telepractice. Data was collected on existing service models prior to implementation, and then patient demographics, referral information, session outcomes, costs and patient and T-SP satisfaction when using telepractice. Results The first 50 sessions were analysed. Referrals were predominantly for inpatients at spoke sites. Telepractice assessments were completed successfully, with only minor technical issues. Changes to patient management (i.e. food/fluid changes post assessment) to optimise safety or progress oral intake, was required for 64% of patients. Service and cost efficiencies were achieved with an average 2-day reduction in waiting time and an average cost benefit of $218 per session when using the telepractice service over standard care. High clinician and patient satisfaction was reported. Conclusion Telepractice services were successfully introduced across multiple sites, and achieved service and cost benefits with high consumer satisfaction.
Developmental opioid exposures: Neurobiological underpinnings, behavioral impacts, and policy implications
Authors: Goldfarb Samantha S , Stanwood Gregg D , Flynn Heather A , Graham Devon L 
Published: October 2019

The devastating impact of opioid abuse and dependence on the individual, family, and society are well known but extremely difficult to combat. During pregnancy, opioid drugs and withdrawal also affect fetal brain development and newborn neural functions, in addition to maternal effects. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NAS/NOWS) rates have drastically increased in the US in the past decade. Solutions to this complex problem must be multi-faceted, which would be greatly enhanced by a translational, multidisciplinary understanding. Therefore, this mini-review incorporates biomedical, clinical, and policy aspects of opioid use during pregnancy. We review the known roles for endogenous opioids in mediating circuit formation and function in the developing brain, discuss how exogenous opioid drug use and addiction impact these processes in animal models and humans, and discuss the implications of these data on public policy. We suggest that some current policy initiatives produce unintended harm on both mothers and their children and delineate recommendations for how legislation could better contribute to addiction recovery and increase neural resilience in affected children. Impact statement Opioid abuse is a critical epidemic affecting individuals, families, and communities. This mini-review summarizes current literature on the impact of opioid drugs—including prescription pain relievers and illicit opioids—on neurobiological and neurobehavioral development. Using concepts related to the medical model of addiction as a brain disease, we review the public policy implications of these data and identify needs for future investigations.
Patient-Centered Care: An Examination of Provider–Patient Communication Over Time
Authors: Miller Leslie Riggle , Peck B. Mitchell 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To examine the quality of provider communication over time considering the increasing emphasis on patient-centered care (PCC). Patient-centered care has been shown to have a positive impact on health outcomes, care experiences, quality-of-life, as well as decreased costs. Given this emphasis, we expect that provider–patient communication has improved over time. Data Source: We collected primary data by self-report surveys between summer 2017 and fall 2018. Study Design: We use a quantitative retrospective cohort study of a national sample of 353 patients who had an ostomy surgery. Data Extraction Method: We measure provider communication from open-ended self-reports from patients of the number of stated inadequacies in their care. Principal Findings: Results show that the time since patients had their surgery is related to higher quality provider communication. That is, patients who had their surgery further back in time reported higher quality provider communication compared with patients who had their surgery performed more recently. Conclusion: Results suggest that the quality of provider communication has not improved even with an emphasis on PCC.
Inpatient Evaluation of Intra-abdominal Pressure Completed With a Urinary Catheter as Compared With Ultrasonographic Vessel Measurements
Authors: Golshani Keihan , Azizkhani Reza , Foroutan Fereidon 
Published: October 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography as compared with intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measured with a urinary catheter. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of 146 patients hospitalized in the emergency wards of two hospitals in Isfahan (2017-2018). Following measurement of IAP through a urinary catheter, ultrasonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, internal jugular vein diameter, common femoral vein (CFV) diameter, and ratio between the IVC and abdominal aortic diameters was completed. Correlation between these methods of measurements for IAP was investigated. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between intrabladder pressure and the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) and CFV ( P < .001, R > 0). There was also a reverse significant correlation between intrabladder pressure and RIJV, IVC, IVC:aorta diameter, systolic blood pressure, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ( P < .001, r < 0). RIJV, CFV, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were suitable predictors for the estimation of intrabladder pressure or IAP ( P < .05), but IVC, IVC:aorta, and systolic blood pressure were not suitable factors for estimating IAP ( P > .05). Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement is a noninvasive method for determining IAP.
Acute and preventive pharmacological treatment of post-traumatic headache: a systematic review
Authors: Larsen Eigil Lindekilde , Ashina Håkan , Iljazi Afrim , Al-Khazali Haidar Muhsen , Seem Kristoffer , Ashina Messoud , Ashina Sait , Schytz Henrik Winther 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is associated with considerable disability and reduced health-related quality of life. Despite the very high prevalence of PTH, there are no evidence-based guidelines for PTH treatment. Thus, we found it timely to provide a systematic review of the current literature on acute and preventive pharmacological treatment of PTH using PubMed and Embase databases.

Findings
Included studies involved acute and preventive pharmacological treatment of headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head in adherence to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria. Of 1424 potentially relevant articles identified, 63 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and seven studies (one prospective and six retrospective) met the inclusion criteria. None of the seven included studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or used a placebo-controlled study design.

Conclusion
We found that there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based studies on the pharmacological treatment of PTH. Future studies are highly needed and must emphasize open-label studies with rigorous methodology or RCTs with a placebo-controlled design.
Overexpression of a microRNA-targeted NAC transcription factor improves drought and salt tolerance in Rice via ABA-mediated pathways
Authors: Jiang Dagang , Zhou Lingyan , Chen Weiting , Ye Nenghui , Xia Jixing , Zhuang Chuxiong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The NAC (NAM, AFAT, and CUC) transcription factors play critical roles in rice (Oryza sativa) development and stress regulation. Overexpressing a microRNA (miR164b)-resistant OsNAC2 mutant gene, which generates transcripts that cannot be targeted by miR164b, improves rice plant architecture and yield; however, the performance of these mOsNAC2-overexpressing lines, named ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4, under abiotic stress conditions such as drought have not yet been fully characterized.

Results
In this study, we showed that the germination of ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 seeds was delayed in comparison with the wild-type (WT) seeds, although the final germination rates of all lines were over 95%. The quantification of the endogenous ABA levels revealed that the germinating mOsNAC2-overexpressing seeds had elevated ABA levels, which resulted in their slower germination. The mOsNAC2-overexpressing plants were significantly more drought tolerance than the WT plants, with the survival rate increasing from 11.2% in the WT to nearly 70% in ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 plants after a drought treatment. Salt (NaCl) tolerance was also increased in the ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 plants due to significantly increased ABA levels. A reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of the ABA biosynthesis genes OsNCED1 and OsNCED3 in the mOsNAC2-overexpressing lines, and the expression levels of the stress-responsive genes OsP5CS1, OsLEA3, and OsRab16 were significantly increased in these plants. Moreover, OsNAC2 directly interacted with the promoters of OsLEA3 and OsNCED3 in yeast one-hybrid assays.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results show that OsNAC2 plays a positive regulatory role in drought and salt tolerance in rice through ABA-mediated pathways.