bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homozygous hypomorphicBRCA2variant in primary ovarian insufficiency without cancer or Fanconi anaemia trait
Authors: Caburet Sandrine , Heddar Abdelkader , Dardillac Elodie , Creux Héléne , Lambert Marie , Messiaen Sébastien , Tourpin Sophie , Livera Gabriel , Lopez Bernard S , Misrahi Micheline 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPrimary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women under 40 years and is a public health problem. The genetic causes of POI are highly heterogeneous with isolated or syndromic forms. Recently, variants in genes involved in DNA repair have been shown to cause POI. Notably, syndromic POI with Fanconi anaemia (FA) traits related to biallelicBRCA2truncated variants has been reported. Here, we report a novel phenotype of isolated POI witha BRCA2variant in a consanguineous Turkish family.MethodsExome sequencing (ES) was performed in the patient. We also performed functional studies, including a homologous recombination (HR) test, cell proliferation, radiation-induced RAD51 foci formation assays and chromosome breakage studies in primary and lymphoblastoid immortalised cells. The expression ofBRCA2in human foetal ovaries was studied.ResultsES identified a homozygous missense c.8524C>T/p.R2842C-BRCA2variant. BRCA2 defects induce cancer predisposition and FA. Remarkably, neither the patient nor her family exhibited somatic pathologies. The patient’s cells showed intermediate levels of chromosomal breaks, cell proliferation and radiation-induced RAD51 foci formation compared with controls and FA cells. R2842C-BRCA2 only partially complemented HR efficiency compared with wild type-BRCA2. BRCA2 is expressed in human foetal ovaries in pachytene stage oocytes, when meiotic HR occurs.ConclusionWe describe the functional assessment of a homozygous hypomorphicBRCA2variant in a patient with POI without cancer or FA trait. Our findings extend the phenotype of BRCA2 biallelic alterations to fully isolated POI. This study has a major impact on the management and genetic counselling of patients with POI.
Periprocedural to 1-year safety and efficacy outcomes with the Pipeline Embolization Device with Shield technology for intracranial aneurysms: a prospective, post-market, multi-center study
Authors: Rice Hal , Martínez Galdámez Mario , Holtmannspötter Markus , Spelle Laurent , Lagios Konstantinos , Ruggiero Maria , Vega Pedro , Sonwalkar Hemant , Chapot René , Lamin Saleh 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe first and second generations of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) have been widely adopted for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) due to their high associated occlusion rates and low morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the third- generation Pipeline Shield device (PED-Shield) for the treatment of IAs.MethodsThe SHIELD study was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, post-market, observational study evaluating the PED-Shield device for the treatment of IAs. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete aneurysm occlusion without significant parent artery stenosis or retreatment at 1-year post-procedure and the primary safety endpoint was major stroke in the territory supplied by the treated artery or neurological death.ResultsOf 205 subjects who consented across 21 sites, 204 subjects with 204 target aneurysms were ultimately treated (mean age 54.8±12.81 years, 81.4% [166/204] female). Technical success (ie, deployment of the PED-Shield) was achieved in 98.0% (200/204) of subjects with a mean number of 1.1±0.34 devices per subject and a single device used in 86.8% (177/204) of subjects. The primary effectiveness endpoint was met in 71.7% (143/200) of subjects while the primary safety endpoint occurred in six (2.9%) subjects, two (1.0%) of which led to neurological death.ConclusionsThe findings of the SHIELD study support the safety and effectiveness of the PED-Shield for IA treatment, evidenced by high occlusion rates and low rates of neurological complications in the study population.Clinical trial registration-URLhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:NCT02719522.
Periodic orbits around brane-world black holes
Authors: Deng Xue-Mei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA black hole on a three-brane in five-dimensional spacetime was predicted by Dadhich, Maartens, Papadopoulos and Rezania (DMPR). In order to reveal some signatures for observations, we investigate a timelike particle’s motion around the DMPR brane-world black holes. We find that, both in the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) and the marginally bound orbits (MBO), the particle’s angular momentum and its radius decrease with the increase ofQ, whereQis a tidal charge parameter and may be negative and positive in the brane-world black holes. From these results, the corresponding periodic orbits with different energy levels are analyzed numerically by employing a taxonomy, which is related to the adiabatic inspiral regime in the gravitational wave radiation. It clearly shows that a rational number defined by the taxonomy increases with the particle’s energy. In addition, periodic orbits with$$Q<0$$Q<0in the DMPR brane-world black holes have higher energy in comparison to the ones with$$Q>0$$Q>0and in the Schwarzschild black holes. Our results might provide hints for distinguishing the DMPR brane-world black holes from other black holes by the timelike particle’s periodic orbits in the future.
Probing kinematics and fate of Bianchi type I universe in Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Singla Nishant , Yadav Anil Kumar , Gupta M. K. , Goswami G. K. , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we examine the existence of Bianch type I Brans–Dicke universe by performing statistical test from [Formula: see text] and SN Ia observational data sets. We find that anisotropic Brans-Dicke ([Formula: see text] BD) model provides a reasonable fit with observational data. In addition to [Formula: see text], we also use Akaike information creation (AIC) and Bayes information creation (BIC) to determine the values of best fit parameters. The model under consideration represents a transitioning universe from early decelerating phase to current accelerating phase. We obtain the present age of the universe as 13.732 Gyrs, which is in good agreement with WMAP observations. The physical behavior of particle horizon and [Formula: see text] parameter of the derived model are also discussed.
Effects of semi-solid extrusion and heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanics, and wear resistance of SiC/High aluminum zinc-base alloy composites
Authors: Wang Yingwu , Zuo Xiaoqing , Ran Songjiang , Ye Yushun , Tian Jihua 
Published: June 2020

The effects of semi-solid extrusion temperature change, extrusion pressure, SiC content and T5 heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of SiC particle strengthened high aluminum zinc-base alloy [Formula: see text] composites were studied. The results show that semi-solid extrusion broke the dendrites of [Formula: see text] composites, refined their grain structure, and improved particle aggregation. The density, hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of [Formula: see text] composites first increased and then decreased when the extrusion temperature and SiC content increased, and also increased when the extrusion pressure rose. The optimal extrusion temperature, pressure and SiC content are 475[Formula: see text], 15 MPa and 10 wt.%, respectively. T5 heat treatment further refined the crystalline grains and promoted [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to precipitate as strengthening phases, which improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of [Formula: see text] composites. Consequently, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the heat-treated composites improved by 18.99%, 9.66%, 4.93% and 9.76%, respectively. The wear loss of the heat-treated composites reduced by 31.65% under a load of 1600 N and a rotational speed of 200 r/min compared with the as-cast composites.
Salt tectonics in the Sureste Basin, SE Mexico: some implications for hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Davison Ian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The Sureste Basin salt became diapiric soon after deposition in the Bajocian (169 Ma). Salt ridges and diapirs grew throughout the Jurassic–Cretaceous. The Mexican Fold and Thrust Belt propagated into the Sureste Basin at 70–60 Ma, causing squeezing/extrusion of allochthonous salt sheets. The more intense Mid-Miocene (
c.
13–11 Ma) compression (‘Chiapaneco Event’) produced folding and thrusting over a north–south distance of 600 km. The Mid-Miocene–Recent bulk horizontal flow is indicated by anticline and thrust traces mapped from seismic data and bathymetry. In the SE sector of the salt basin, flow is towards N60°E, where thrusting is intense and the salt is thin. The flow swings to a northerly direction in the basin centre, where folding is important. A parabolic fold arc was produced due to drag on the edges of the salt basin. This indicates that both salt and overburden behaved in a ductile manner at a large scale. Mesozoic carbonate slabs were overthrusted up to 20 km during the Mid-Miocene. Intense fracturing and karstification produced potential reservoir rocks with many untested structures that are leaking hydrocarbons. Pre-Mid-Miocene clastic reservoirs may be trapped in folds below the allochthonous salt, which also have not been drilled.
QoS-Aware VNF Placement and Service Chaining for IoT Applications in Multi-Tier Mobile Edge Networks
Authors: Xu Zichuan , Zhang Zhiheng , Liang Weifa , Xia Qiufen , Rana Omer , Wu Guowei 
Published: June 2020

Mobile edge computing and network function virtualization (NFV) paradigms enable new flexibility and possibilities of the deployment of extreme low-latency services for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications within the proximity of their users. However, this poses great challenges to find optimal placements of virtualized network functions (VNFs) for data processing requests of IoT applications in a multi-tier cloud network, which consists of many small- or medium-scale servers, clusters, or cloudlets deployed within the proximity of IoT nodes and a few large-scale remote data centers with abundant computing and storage resources. In particular, it is challenging to jointly consider VNF instance placement and routing traffic path planning for user requests, as they are not only delay sensitive but also resource hungry.
In this article, we consider admissions of NFV-enabled requests of IoT applications in a multi-tier cloud network, where users request network services by issuing service requests with service chain requirements, and the service chain enforces the data traffic of the request to pass through the VNFs in the chain one by one until it reaches its destination. To this end, we first formulate the throughput maximization problem with the aim to maximize the system throughput. We then propose an integer linear program solution if the problem size is small; otherwise, we devise an efficient heuristic that jointly takes into account VNF placements to both cloudlets and data centers and routing path finding for each request. For a special case of the problem with a set of service chains, we propose an approximation algorithm with a provable approximation ratio. Next, we also devise efficient learning-based heuristics for VNF provisioning for IoT applications by incorporating the mobility and energy conservation features of IoT devices. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms by simulations. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is promising.
The Golgi: Keeping It Unapologetically Basic
Authors: Ward Nathan P. , DeNicola Gina M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary:
Tumor cells maintain a reverse pH gradient relative to normal cells, conferring cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic benefits that sustain tumor growth. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Galenkamp and colleagues reveal that NHE7 mediates acidification of the trans-Golgi network in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which is critical for the maintenance of cytosolic pH and consequently tumor growth.
See related article by Galenkamp et al., p. 822.
Chemotherapy and Tumor Evolution Shape Pancreatic Cancer Recurrence after Resection
Authors: Bednar Filip , Pasca di Magliano Marina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary:
Most patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo curative resection and systemic chemotherapy still relapse with local or systemic recurrence. In this issue, Sakamoto and colleagues use advanced genomic tools to investigate the evolutionary origins of pancreatic cancer recurrence and discover an increased mutational burden that might be promoted by therapeutic intervention and might provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
See related article by Sakamoto et al., p. 792.
Synergistic Effects of Moderate Therapeutic Hypothermia and Levosimendan on Cardiac Function and Survival After Asphyxia‐Induced Cardiac Arrest in Rats
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Chang Wei‐Tien , Tsai Min‐Shan , Huang Chien‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Jone 
Published: June 2020

Background
This study investigated whether levosimendan, an inotropic calcium sensitizer, when combined with moderate therapeutic hypothermia, may exert synergistic benefits on post–cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and improve outcomes.

Methods and Results

After 9.5‐minute asphyxia‐induced cardiac arrest and resuscitation, 48 rats were randomized equally into 4 groups following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), including normothermia, hypothermia, normothermia–levosimendan, and hypothermia–levosimendan groups. For the normothermia group, the target temperature was 37°C while for the hypothermia group, the target temperature was 32°C, both of which were to be maintained for 4 hours after ROSC. Levosimendan was administered after ROSC with a loading dose of 10 μg/kg and then infused at 0.1 μg/kg per min for 4 hours. In the hypothermia–levosimendan group, left ventricular systolic function and cardiac output increased significantly, whereas the heart rate and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly compared with the normothermia group. Also, the concentrations of interleukin 1β at 4 hours post‐ROSC and the production of NO between 1 hour and 4 hours post‐ROSC were reduced significantly in the hypothermia–levosimendan group compared with the normothermia group. The 72‐hour post‐ROSC survival and neurological recovery were also significantly better in the hypothermia–levosimendan group compared with the normothermia group (survival, 100% versus 50%, χ
2
test,
P
=0.006).

Conclusions
Compared with normothermia, only combined moderate therapeutic hypothermia and levosimendan treatment could consistently improve post–cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and decrease the release of pro‐inflammatory molecules, thereby improving survival and neurological outcomes. These findings suggest synergistic benefits between moderate therapeutic hypothermia and levosimendan.
Authorship and Unity of the Classical Arabic Poem through the Lens of Collaborative Composition
Authors: Naaman Erez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When a classical Arabic poem lacked a noticeable degree of thematic coherence and formal structure, it was at risk of foreign intervention aiming to improve it. Who was recognized in such a case as the author of the poem and on which grounds? This article looks at the interrelated questions of the poem’s unity and its authorship through the lens of collaborative poetry that was practiced by completing verse composed in the past. It presents an analysis of poetic collaboration cases from the second/eighth century to the Ayyubid era, and discusses different practical approaches of poets to authorship questions related to the earlier source poem and their own later completion. In the third/ninth century, as an expansive reservoir of ancient and modern poems became increasingly available, we occasionally notice the marks of plagiary, rather than forgery, on collaborative poems of this type. At the same time, and based on this very expansion, kinds of legitimate poetic influence can be detected in the completions of the later poets. Remarkably, poetic intervention did not cease and the poem conceptually did not achieve an inviolable status, when the scholars replaced the transmitters as the authorities on poetry around the third/ninth century and throughout the period under study. Nevertheless, the cultural domain for reshaping earlier verse changed, and the repertoire of poetry considered as “fair game” for this practice was narrowed down based on quality considerations.
Intravenous Antibiotic Susceptibility for Urinary Tract Infection Prior to Emergency Department Discharge
Authors: Rewitzer Stacey , Montgomery Josie , Zepeski Anne , Finer Lexie , Faine Brett A. 
Published: June 2020

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease managed in the emergency department (ED). Patients may be initially treated with an intravenous (IV) antibiotic and subsequently discharged with an oral antibiotic regimen. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether the current Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline recommendation for an initial dose of long-acting IV antibiotic for treatment of UTI when the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance exceeds 10% improves the likelihood of providing in vitro susceptibility to the isolated uropathogen. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients in ED presenting between May 2009 and August 2018 who received treatment for UTI. The primary outcome was susceptibility of uropathogen to the IV antibiotic administered. Secondary outcomes included susceptibility to the oral antibiotic regimen prescribed at discharge, repeat health care visit within 30 days related to UTI follow-up, adverse events (AEs) associated with antibiotic use, and identification of risk factors associated with pathogen resistance. Results A total of 255 patients were included for analysis. Of these patients, 230 (90.2%) had pathogens susceptible to the administered IV antibiotic. The oral regimen susceptibility was 81.6% with 29 patients returning for UTI follow-up and 4 patients reporting AEs related to antibiotic use. Men and long-term care facility residents were more likely to have resistant uropathogens. Conclusion Administration of a long-acting IV antibiotic for treatment of UTI prior to ED discharge is recommended when the fluoroquinolone resistance rate exceeds 10% to improve in vitro susceptibility coverage.
Sixth-year follow-up of the effects of recreational activities found to eliminate the symptoms of social phobia and shyness
Authors: Karagün Elif , Yildiz Mustafa , Çağlayan Çiğdem , Başaran Zekiye 
Published: June 2020

Background: The lack of 6-year follow-up studies that test the effect of recreational activities in the recovery of social phobia and shyness symptoms is the reason to conduct this study. Aim: The purpose is to follow the effect of the 12-week recreational activity program found to eliminate social phobia and shyness symptoms after the completion of university studies in its sixth year. Methods: At the end of the 12-week recreational activity program that treats the symptoms of social phobia and shyness in university prep school students, 83 students who participated in the posttest both from intervention and control groups were invited to the study. In the sixth-year follow-up study, a total of 51 voluntary students – 32 from the intervention group and 19 from the control group – were administered the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Shyness Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Results: When the pretests and the sixth-year scores are compared, it is seen that it still has an improving effect on social phobia and shyness; when the posttests and the sixth-year tests are compared, no difference is seen regarding social phobia whereas it is seen that recovery still continues regarding the symptoms of shyness, and a decrease is seen in self-esteem. Discussion: While the improving effect of recreational activities on shyness and social phobia symptoms still continues, their effect on self-esteem decreases. Conclusion: It is suggested that recreational activities should be included in the programs at universities regarding personal and professional development, and the reasons for the decrease in self-esteem scores should be determined through more detailed studies.
Effects of oxyhydrogen gas induction on the performance of a small-capacity diesel engine
Authors: Kazim Ali Hussain , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Nazir Rabia , Shabbir Aqsa , Abbasi Muhammad Salman , Abdul Rab Hamza , Shahid Qureishi Nabeel 
Published: June 2020

Compression ignition engines are one of the world’s largest consumers of fossil oil but have energy extraction efficiency limited to 35%. Addition of hydrogen alongside diesel fuel has been found to improve engine performance and efficiency; however, after a certain limit, hydrogen begins to show adverse effects, mainly because the ratio of oxygen to fuel decreases. This can be overcome by using oxyhydrogen, which is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas. In this study, effects of addition of oxyhydrogen generated by electrolysis, with varying flows at the intake manifold, on a 315 cc compression ignition engine alongside diesel were analyzed. The engine was mounted on a Thepra test bed and torque measurements were taken at predetermined test points for diesel and 6 and 10 standard cubic feet per hour flowrates of oxyhydrogen. H10 showed the maximum improvement in engine performance equating to a 22.4% increase in both torque and power at 3000 r/min, and a 19.4% increase in efficiency at 2600 r/min was recorded. The large increase in engine performance as compared to previous results is because of high oxyhydrogen flowrate to displacement volume ratio. The oxyhydrogen flowrate to displacement ratio is the most important factor as it is directly impacts engine performance. The difference in engine performance because of oxyhydrogen becomes prominent at higher engine speed due to high suction pressure. No experimental flowrates of oxyhydrogen showed any adverse effect on the engine performance.
Allegiance, Foreign Citizenship and the Constitutional Right to Stand for Parliament
Authors: Thwaites Rayner , Irving Helen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2017, in Re Canavan, the High Court of Australia found five sitting Members of the Commonwealth Parliament to be citizens of a ‘foreign power’ and thus ineligible, under s 44(i) of the Constitution, to hold their seats. In 2018, in Re Gallagher, the High Court found that a Senator who had attempted unsuccessfully to renounce her British citizenship prior to her Senate candidature was similarly ineligible. In this article, we argue that the conclusion in Re Canavan was incorrect: that both the Court’s reasoning about the purpose of s 44(i)—to avoid ‘split allegiance’—and its methodology for determining foreign citizenship were inconsistent in their own right and also against its reasoning in Re Gallagher. We challenge the Court’s conflation of citizenship and allegiance with obedience to a state. We examine the rules of international law for identifying a person’s citizenship, as well as exceptions to these rules, including what came to be known as the ‘constitutional imperative’, which the Court held will exempt a foreign citizen from s 44(i) disqualification under certain circumstances. We conclude that the Court, in seeking to avoid ‘uncertainty and instability’ in its interpretation of s 44(i), did the opposite. Had it looked, instead, to the relevant foreign state for an authoritative determination of a person’s citizenship, confusion and uncertainty surrounding s 44(i) could have been avoided, and a democratic understanding of Australian citizenship could have been prioritised.