bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal observation of a Malayan Krait Bungarus candidus (Reptilia: Elapidae) feeding inside a building in Thailand
Authors: Hodges Cameron Wesley , D'souza Anji , Jintapirom Sira 
Published: May 2020

Malayan Kraits Bungarus candidus have been reported to bite humans during the night after entering dwellings. We report an observation of an adult krait feeding on a colubrid snake Chrysopelea ornata during the early morning, in the hallway of a large building at the center of a university campus in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of a wild B. candidus feeding within a building. This observation provides insight into why kraits enter human settlements, and since the event took place shortly after sunrise it also indicates that this nocturnal species can remain active during daylight when feeding. Further studies will be required to determine how often B. candidus forages among human structures.
Children of the Waters: Whirlpools, Waiora, Baptism and Missio Dei
Authors: Te Rire Rev Hone , Taylor Steve 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
From space, the Pacific glitters in ocean blue. What might the world’s largest ocean contribute to missio Dei? A spiral methodology is used to trace connections between the baptism of Jesus, early Christian art, recent legal (Treaty of Waitangi Tribunal) research and indigenous knowing, including ocean voyaging, ancestor understandings of whirlpools, Māori water rites and oral history of river beings (taniwha).
The argument is that indigenous Oceanic (Māori) understandings of water, in conversation with baptismal narratives, present missio Dei as an immersion in God. Mission is located not in the activity of the church – and hence mission expansion as part of European colonisation – but in the being and becoming of God. Creation and redemption are interconnected and an environmental ethic is expected. Children of the waters (ngā tamariki o te Moana nui a Kiwa) listen to creation’s voice (taniwha speaking) and act for the life (waiora) of water.
Women and the Project of Decolonization in Contemporary Africa: Are Gender Considerations de Rigueur?
Authors: Ipadeola Abosede Priscilla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The continent of Africa has been striving to emancipate itself from the state of irrelevance, poverty, underdevelopment, squalor, infrastructural decay and political and economic fiasco, which it has occupied for many centuries. Colonization is significant among the plethora of problems which are responsible for the pitiable condition which Africa has been since the continent’s colonial experience began. Because of the significant role which colonization plays in keeping the continent of Africa down, many African scholars argue that decolonization is the only elixir that can cure Africa of the slew of ailments and ills. Since this proposal became popular, efforts have been made to define the semantics, scope, and structure of decolonization. Although decolonization is imperative for Africa’s self-retrieval and self-redefinition, and it is important for development, this paper faults the current decolonization project because of the lacuna of not mainstreaming gender considerations in the agitations for decolonizing Africa.
Frantz Fanon, penseur de l’humanisme radical et précurseur des études postcoloniales
Authors: Turki Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

Résumé
Frantz Fanon s’est concentré principalement sur la violence comme moyen de résistance et de libération anticoloniale, mais aussi sur l’humanisme et les possibilités de sa réalisation. Il s’agit pour lui de dépasser la conception manichéenne de l’Europe, mais aussi de la Négritude à propos de l’homme et d’inventer comme il dit « l’homme total ». Le silence a régné assez longtemps sur la réception des œuvres de Fanon après sa mort, à l’exception de sa réhabilitation vingt ans après aux Antilles lors d’une commémoration. Depuis sa disparition, on est passé de la simple critique du colonialisme à partir du champ économique et politique vers le champ culturel plus complexe et l’essai d’une compréhension plus approfondie de notions telles que celles de « nation », « identité », « imaginaire » ou « hybridité ». De plus, à cette évolution a participé aussi bien le discours foucaldien à propos des pouvoirs que les études abordées par Gilles Deleuze et Jacques Derrida sur la connaissance et le sujet. Ces thèmes ont influencé énormément les auteurs américains des Études postcoloniales dans leurs approches critiques du fait colonial et des phénomènes socioculturels qui en résultent. Ce fut surtout le cas pour Edward Said ainsi que pour d’autres penseurs tels Achille Mbembe, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi K. Bhabha et bien d’autres. Mais ce sont avant tout Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon et Albert Memmi qui furent les théoriciens pionniers de ce mouvement. Ils ont en effet vécu la situation coloniale de manière directe et l’ont problématisée conceptuellement de sorte qu’ils ont dévoilé les différents aspects d’oppression et d’exclusion du colonialisme et donné ainsi une voix aux colonisés, subalternes et marginalisés.
Cet article va tenter tout d’abord de rappeler la part critique de Frantz Fanon à l’égard de l’humanisme classique européen, mais aussi à celui de la Négritude. Par la suite il essaie de présenter sa conception d’un humanisme radical qui prend en considération l’homme, dire même l’humanité dans toute sa totalité, et à la fin il aborde les répercussions de la pensée fanonienne sur l’évolution politique actuelle ainsi que sur les Études postcoloniales.
Thinking as a Dialogue: Phenomenality and Embodied Cognition in Yorùbá Thought System
Authors: Gbenga Fasiku 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A thought is a mental state with a phenomenal aspect; it is essentially subjective. However, in Yorùbá thought system, a thought involves third persons or objective perspectival aspects. This is contrary to the nature of thoughts (mental states), hence the need to explain how the distinct properties of subjectivity and objectivity are found in Yorùbá thoughts system. The paper is divided into three parts. The first explores the nature of phenomenality in human mental states. The second explains that the Yorùbá thoughts system is linked with the embodied cognitive system. It is argued that when an average Yorùbá thinks, such a thought is a dialogue between the first person and third persons or objects (referred to as active external elements). The third part draws examples from Yorùbá thought system to illustrate the complementariness between the first-person character and the objective or external elements of mental state.
A Moral Insight into the Culture of Baby Farming and Harvesting for Ritual Sacrifices in Nigeria
Authors: Omonzejele Peter F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human ritual sacrifices are one of the cultural practices that are undertaken in Nigeria and in many West African countries. While such ritual sacrifices are utilized for different purposes, this paper, however, focuses on baby farming for the purpose of human child ritual sacrifice for community and individual utilizations. Recruiting women for the sole purpose of using them for procreation is exploitative as such young women are usually in dire economic situations. Baby farmers identify the economic vulnerabilities of such women and make them offers they cannot refuse. In like manner, helpless children who are harvested from the farms and who suffer gruesome deaths must be considered as the greatest victims in baby farming and harvesting arrangements. The paper stresses the need for stricter government vigilance and community sensitization to the horror of killing babies for sacrifice.
<p><strong><em>Mucor cheongyangensis, </em></strong><strong>a new species<em> </em>isolated from the surface of<em> Lycorma delicatula </em>in Korea</strong></p>
Authors: NGUYEN THUONG T. T. , LEE HYANG BURM 
Published: May 2020

A new species of Mucor, isolated from the surface of Lycorma delicatula collected at Cheongyang in the Chungnam Province of Korea, is described and compared with morphologically similar taxa. The phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (28S) rDNA sequences revealed that this isolate is closely related to M. orantomantidis and M. guilliermondii. However, the new isolate differs from those by having larger sporangia (24.5–125 × 23.5–120 µm), rhizoid-like structures, and production of secondary sporangia from vesicles outside of the original sporangium. Here, this novel fungal taxon is proposed as Mucor cheongyangensis sp. nov.
Impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the Relationship of the Spring Arctic Oscillation and the Following East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Chen Shangfeng , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang , Song Linye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) can influence the following East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study reveals that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) has a pronounced modulation of the spring AO–EASM connection. Spring AO has a close relation with the EASM during the negative AMO (−AMO) phase. However, during the positive AMO (+AMO) phase, the spring AO–EASM connection is weak. During the −AMO phase, a marked dipole atmospheric anomaly pattern (with an anticyclonic anomaly over the midlatitudes and a cyclonic anomaly over the subtropics) and a pronounced tripole sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern is formed in the North Pacific during positive spring AO years. The cyclonic anomaly, SST, and precipitation anomalies over the subtropical western North Pacific (WNP) maintain and propagate southwestward in the following summer via a positive air–sea feedback, which further impacts the EASM variation. During the +AMO phase, the Pacific center of the spring AO (i.e., the anticyclonic anomaly over the midlatitudes) is weak. As such, the cyclonic anomaly cannot be induced over the subtropical WNP by the spring AO via wave–mean flow interaction. Hence, the spring AO–EASM connection disappears during the +AMO phase. The AMO impacts the Pacific center of the spring AO via modulating the Aleutian low intensity and North Pacific storm track intensity. The observed AMO modulation of the spring AO–EASM connection and Pacific center of the spring AO can be captured by the long historical simulation in a coupled global climate model.
Quality Indicators of Central Compartment Neck Dissection in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Quimby Alexandra E. , Corsten Martin J. , Grose Elysia , Odell Michael , Johnson‐Obaseki Stephanie 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesQuality metrics are an increasingly important means of improving patient care. Variability in the number of lymph nodes removed during central compartment lymph node dissection (CCLND) at the time of thyroidectomy has not been studied.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study was performed using American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) data.SettingCenters in North America and worldwide contributing data to ACS‐NSQIP and performing thyroidectomy on adults in inpatient and outpatient settings were included.Subjects and MethodsAdult patients undergoing thyroidectomy with or without CCLND were included. Outcomes of interest were number of nodes removed during CCLND and risks of postoperative hypocalcemia.ResultsIn total, 6108 patients met inclusion criteria (1565 with CCLND). The median number of lymph nodes removed during CCLND was 2. There was no statistically significant association between postoperative hypocalcemia and CCNLD, regardless of number of nodes removed. However, we were underpowered to detect this association based on the overall low nodal yield of many CCLNDs performed.ConclusionIn many cases where CCLND is documented as part of thyroidectomy, very few lymph nodes are removed. Our ability to draw conclusions regarding the effect of CCLND on postoperative hypocalcemia is restricted due to the limited nature of many CCLNDs performed.
ARTDeco: automatic readthrough transcription detection
Authors: Roth Samuel J. , Heinz Sven , Benner Christopher 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence suggests several diseases and biological processes target transcription termination to misregulate gene expression. Disruption of transcription termination leads to readthrough transcription past the 3′ end of genes, which can result in novel transcripts, changes in epigenetic states and altered 3D genome structure.

Results
We developed Automatic Readthrough Transcription Detection (ARTDeco), a tool to detect and analyze multiple features of readthrough transcription from RNA-seq and other next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays that profile transcriptional activity. ARTDeco robustly quantifies the global severity of readthrough phenotypes, and reliably identifies individual genes that fail to terminate (readthrough genes), are aberrantly transcribed due to upstream termination failure (read-in genes), and novel transcripts created as a result of readthrough (downstream of gene or DoG transcripts). We used ARTDeco to characterize readthrough transcription observed during influenza A virus (IAV) infection, validating its specificity and sensitivity by comparing its performance in samples infected with a mutant virus that fails to block transcription termination. We verify ARTDeco’s ability to detect readthrough as well as identify read-in genes from different experimental assays across multiple experimental systems with known defects in transcriptional termination, and show how these results can be leveraged to improve the interpretation of gene expression and downstream analysis. Applying ARTDeco to a gene expression data set from IAV-infected monocytes from different donors, we find strong evidence that read-in gene-associated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) likely regulate genes upstream of read-in genes. This indicates that taking readthrough transcription into account is important for the interpretation of eQTLs in systems where transcription termination is blocked.

Conclusions
ARTDeco aids researchers investigating readthrough transcription in a variety of systems and contexts.
Effect of donor-recipient relatedness on the plasmid conjugation frequency: a meta-analysis
Authors: Alderliesten Jesse B. , Duxbury Sarah J. N. , Zwart Mark P. , de Visser J. Arjan G. M. , Stegeman Arjan , Fischer Egil A. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Conjugation plays a major role in the transmission of plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance genes in both clinical and general settings. The conjugation efficiency is influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors, one of which is the taxonomic relatedness between donor and recipient bacteria. A comprehensive overview of the influence of donor-recipient relatedness on conjugation is still lacking, but such an overview is important to quantitatively assess the risk of plasmid transfer and the effect of interventions which limit the spread of antibiotic resistance, and to obtain parameter values for conjugation in mathematical models. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on reported conjugation frequencies from Escherichia coli donors to various recipient species.

Results
Thirty-two studies reporting 313 conjugation frequencies for liquid broth matings and 270 conjugation frequencies for filter matings were included in our meta-analysis. The reported conjugation frequencies varied over 11 orders of magnitude. Decreasing taxonomic relatedness between donor and recipient bacteria, when adjusted for confounding factors, was associated with a lower conjugation frequency in liquid matings. The mean conjugation frequency for bacteria of the same order, the same class, and other classes was 10, 20, and 789 times lower than the mean conjugation frequency within the same species, respectively. This association between relatedness and conjugation frequency was not found for filter matings. The conjugation frequency was furthermore found to be influenced by temperature in both types of mating experiments, and in addition by plasmid incompatibility group in liquid matings, and by recipient origin and mating time in filter matings.

Conclusions
In our meta-analysis, taxonomic relatedness is limiting conjugation in liquid matings, but not in filter matings, suggesting that taxonomic relatedness is not a limiting factor for conjugation in environments where bacteria are fixed in space.
Application of the critical incident technique in refining a realist initial programme theory
Authors: Cunningham U. , De Brún A. , McAuliffe E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
As realist methodology is still evolving, there is a paucity of guidance on how to conduct theory driven interviews. Realist researchers can therefore struggle to collect interview data that can make a meaningful contribution to refining their initial programme theory. Collecting data to inform realist Inital Programme Theories (IPTs) in healthcare contexts is further compounded due to the healthcare workers’ busy work schedules.
In this case study of team interventions in acute hospital contexts, we explore the benefits of using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) in order to build and refine an initial programme theory. We contend that use of the CIT helps to draw on more specific experiences of “Key Informants” and therefore elicits richer and more relevant data for realist enquiry.

Methods
The five steps of the CIT were mapped against realist methods guidance and adapted into an interview framework. Specifications to identify an incident as “critical” were agreed. Probes were embedded in the interview framework to confirm, refine and/or refute previous theories.
Seventeen participants were interviewed and recordings were transcribed and imported for analysis into NVivo software. Using RAMESES guidelines, Context-Mechanism-Outcomes configurations were extrapolated from a total of 31 incidents.

Results
We found that the CIT facilitated construction of an interview format that allowed participants to reflect on specific experiences of interest. We demonstrate how the CIT strengthened initial programme theory development as it facilitated the reporting of the specifics of team interventions and the contexts and mechanisms characteristic of those experiences. As new data emerged, it was possible to evolve previous theories synthesised from the literature as well as to explore new theories.

Conclusions
Utilising a CIT framework paid dividends in terms of the relevance and usefulness of the data for refining the initial programme theory. Adapting the CIT questioning technique helped to focus the participants on the specifics relating to an incident allowing the interviewers to concentrate on probes to explore theories during the interview process. The CIT interview format therefore achieved its purpose and can be adapted for use within realist methodology.
Preference of blood pressure measurement methods by primary care doctors in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lee Eric Kam Pui , Choi Ryan Chun Ming , Liu Licheng , Gao Tiffany , Yip Benjamin Hon Kei , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Its screening, diagnosis, and management depend heavily on accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement. It is recommended that the diagnosis of hypertension should be confirmed or corroborated by out-of-office BP values, measured using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP monitoring (HBPM). When office BP is used, automated office BP (AOBP) measurement method, which automatically provides an average of 3–5 BP readings, should be preferred. This study aimed to describe the BP measurement methods commonly used by doctors in primary care in Hong Kong, to screen, diagnose, and manage hypertensive patients.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey, all doctors registered in the Hong Kong “Primary Care Directory” were mailed a questionnaire, asking their preferred BP-measuring methods to screen, diagnose, and manage hypertensive patients. Furthermore, we also elicited information on the usual number of office BP or HBPM readings obtained, to diagnose or manage hypertension.

Results
Of the 1738 doctors included from the directory, 445 responded. Manual measurement using a mercury or aneroid device was found to be the commonest method to screen (63.1%), diagnose (56.4%), and manage (72.4%) hypertension. There was a significant underutilisation of ABPM, with only 1.6% doctors using this method to diagnose hypertension. HBPM was used by 22.2% and 56.8% of the respondents to diagnose and manage hypertension, respectively. A quarter (26.7%) of the respondents reported using only one in-office BP reading, while around 40% participants reported using ≥12 HBPM readings. Doctors with specialist qualification in family medicine were more likely to use AOBP in clinics and to obtain the recommended number of office BP readings for diagnosis and management of hypertension.

Conclusion
Primary Care doctors in Hong Kong prefer to use manual office BP values, measured using mercury or aneroid devices, to screen, diagnose, and manage hypertension, highlighting a marked underutilisation of AOBP and out-of-office BP measuring techniques, especially that of ABPM. Further studies are indicated to understand the underlying reasons and to minimise the gap between real-life clinical practice and those recommended, based on scientific advances.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrial.gov; ref. no.: NCT03926897.
The provision of epidural analgesia during labor according to maternal birthplace: a Norwegian register study
Authors: Waldum Åsa Henning , Jacobsen Anne Flem , Lukasse Mirjam , Staff Anne Cathrine , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Vangen Siri , Sørbye Ingvil Krarup 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The provision of epidural analgesia during labor is ideally a shared decision between the woman and her health care provider. However, immigrant characteristics such as maternal birthplace could affect decision-making and thus access to pain relief. We aimed to assess disparities in the provision of epidural analgesia in planned vaginal birth according to maternal region of birth.

Methods
We performed a nation-wide register study of 842,496 live-born singleton deliveries in Norway between 2000 and 2015. Maternal birthplace was categorized according to the Global Burden of Disease framework. The provision of epidural analgesia was compared in regression models stratified by parity and mode of delivery.

Results
Compared to native-born women, primiparous women from Latin America/Caribbean countries with an instrumental vaginal delivery were most likely to be provided epidural analgesia (OR 2.12, 95%CI 1.69–2.66), whilst multiparous women from Sub-Saharan Africa with a spontaneous vaginal delivery were least likely to be provided epidural analgesia (OR 0.42, 95% C 0.39–0.44). Longer residence time was associated with a higher likelihood of being provided analgesia, whereas effects of maternal education varied by Global Burden of Disease group.

Conclusions
Disparities in the likelihood of being provided epidural analgesia were observed by maternal birthplace. Further studies are needed to consider whether the identified disparities represent women’s own preferences or if they are the result of heterogeneous access to analgesia during labor.