bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azobenzene‐Based Macrocyclic Arenes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Light‐Controlled Molecular Encapsulation and Release
Authors: Liu Yuezhou , Wang Hongliang , Liu Peiren , Zhu Huangtianzhi , Shi Bingbing , Hong Xin , Huang Feihe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAzobenzene (azo)‐based macrocycles are highly fascinating in supramolecular chemistry because of their light‐responsiveness. In this work, a series of azo‐based macrocyclic arenes 1, 2, 3, and 4, distinguished by the substituted positions of azo groups, is rationally designed and synthesized via a fragment‐cyclization method. From the crystal and computed structures of 1, 2, and 3, we observe that the cavity size of these azo‐macrocycles decreases gradually upon E→Z photoisomerization. Moreover, light‐controlled host–guest complexations between azo‐macrocycle 1 and guest molecules (7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane, terephthalonitrile) are successfully achieved. This work provides a simple and effective method to prepare azo‐macrocycles, and the light‐responsive molecular‐encapsulation systems in this work may further advance the design and applications of novel photo‐responsive host–guest systems.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Large Area Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Films on Copper Anodes
Authors: Liu Youxing , Wei Yanan , Liu Minghui , Bai Yichao , Wang Xinyu , Shang Shengcong , Chen Jianyi , Liu Yunqi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to their excellent physical and electrical properties, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials with well‐defined supramolecular structures have received extensive research attention. However, the fabrication of large‐area two‐dimensional (2D) MOF films is still a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a novel electrochemical (EC) synthesis method for the preparation of large‐area Cu3(HHTP)2 MOF film on single‐crystal Cu (100) anode. The surface reaction was achieved via charge‐induced molecular assembly. The synthesized MOF film exhibited a high crystalline quality with an electrical conductivity of approximately 0.087 S cm−1, which was around 1000 times larger than the previously reported values for the same material prepared by the interface method. In addition, Cu2(MTCP), Cu3(BTPA)2, and Cu3(TPTC)2 MOF films were synthesized on Cu foil with the same strategy, which confirmed the universality of the proposed method. This controllable EC method can be effectively applied to the industrial‐scale production of 2D MOF films on Cu foil.
Universal Electrochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Chalcogenide Semiconductors: Mesoporous CdSe and CdTe Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Nagaura Tomota , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Malgras Victor , Pham Tuan‐Anh , Lim Hyunsoo , Ashok Aditya , Kim Jeonghun , You Jungmok , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere we report the soft‐template‐assisted electrochemical deposition of mesoporous semiconductors (CdSe and CdTe). The resulting mesoporous films are stoichiometrically equivalent and contain mesopores homogeneously distributed over the entire surface. To demonstrate the versatility of the method, two block copolymers with different molecular weights are used, yielding films with pores of either 9 or 18 nm diameter. As a proof of concept, the mesoporous CdSe film‐based photodetectors show a high sensitivity of 204 mW−1 cm2 at 680 nm wavelength, which is at least two orders of magnitude more sensitive than the bulk counterpart. This work presents a new synthesis route for nanostructured semiconductors with optical band gaps active in the visible spectrum.
Lifetime Risks, Life Expectancy, and Health Care Expenditures for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Cohort Followed Up From 2003 to 2016
Authors: Chiu Ying‐Ming , Lu Yi‐Peng , Lan Joung‐Liang , Chen Der‐Yuan , Wang Jung‐Der 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to estimate the cumulative incidence rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Taiwanese population ages 16–84 years, and life expectancy, loss of life expectancy, and lifetime health care expenditures for incident RA in Taiwan after 2003, when biologics began to be prescribed.MethodsWe obtained all claims data for the period 1999 to 2016 from the National Health Insurance program of Taiwan, and validated the data against the Catastrophic Illness Registry to establish the study cohort. We estimated the survival function for RA and extrapolated to lifetime using a rolling‐over algorithm. For every RA case, we simulated sex‐, age‐, and calendar year–matched referents from vital statistics and estimated their life expectancy. The difference between the life expectancy of the referent and the life expectancy of the RA patient was the loss of life expectancy for the RA patient. Average monthly health care expenditures were multiplied by the corresponding survival rates and summed up throughout the lifetime to calculate the lifetime health care expenditures.ResultsA total of 29,352 new RA cases were identified during 2003–2016. There was a decreasing trend in cumulative incidence rate in those ages 16–84 for both sexes. Mean life expectancy after diagnosis of RA was 26.3 years, and mean lifetime cost was $72,953. RA patients had a mean loss of life expectancy of 4.97 years. Women with RA survived 1–2 years longer than men with RA of the same age, which resulted in higher lifetime expenditures for the former. Since the life expectancy for women in Taiwan was 6–7 years higher than that for men, the loss of life expectancy for women with RA was higher than that for men with RA. Annual health care expenditures were similar for both sexes.ConclusionOur findings indicate that since biologics became available, RA patients have lived longer and had higher lifetime expenditures, which should be monitored and evaluated for cost‐effectiveness.
Vision‐based control architecture for human–robot hand‐over applications
Authors: Melchiorre Matteo , Scimmi Leonardo Sabatino , Mauro Stefano , Pastorelli Stefano Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman–robot collaboration will be an essential part of the production processes in the factories of tomorrow. In this paper, a human–robot hand‐over control strategy is presented. Human and robot can be both giver and receiver. A path‐planning algorithm drives the robotic manipulator towards the hand of the human and permits to adapt the pose of the tool center point of the robot to the pose of the hand of the human worker. The movements of the operator are acquired with a multi 3D‐sensors setup so to avoid any possible occlusion related to the presence of the robot or other dynamic obstacles. Estimation of the predicted position of the hand is performed to reduce the waiting time of the operator during the hand‐over task. The hardware setup is described, and the results of experimental tests, conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy, are presented and discussed.
COVID‐19, microthromboses, inflammation, and platelet activating factor
Authors: Demopoulos Constantinos , Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent articles report elevated markers of coagulation, endothelial injury, and microthromboses in lungs from deceased COVID‐19 patients. However, there has been no discussion of what may induce intravascular coagulation. Platelets are critical in the formation of thrombi and their most potent trigger is platelet activating factor (PAF), first characterized by Demopoulos and colleagues in 1979. PAF is produced by cells involved in host defense and its biological actions bear similarities with COVID‐19 disease manifestations. PAF can also stimulate perivascular mast cell activation, leading to inflammation implicated in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Mast cells are plentiful in the lungs and are a rich source of PAF and of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β and IL‐6, which may contribute to COVID‐19 and especially SARS. The histamine‐1 receptor antagonist rupatadine was developed to have anti‐PAF activity, and also inhibits activation of human mast cells in response to PAF. Rupatadine could be repurposed for COVID‐19 prophylaxis alone or together with other PAF‐inhibitors of natural origin such as the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, which have antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐PAF actions.
Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress
Authors: Zefferino Roberto , Di Gioia Sante , Conese Massimo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe stress response is different in various individuals, however, the mechanisms that could explain these distinct effects are not well known and the molecular correlates have been considered one at the time. Particular harmful conditions occur if the subject, instead to cope the stressful events, succumb to them, in this case, a cascade reaction happens that through different signaling causes a specific reaction named “sickness behaviour.” The aim of this article is to review the complex relations among important molecules belonging to Central nervous system (CNS), immune system (IS), and endocrine system (ES) during the chronic stress response.MethodsAfter having verified the state of art concerning the function of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), interleukin (IL)‐1β and melatonin, we describe as they work together.ResultsWe propose a speculative hypothesis concerning the complex interplay of these signaling molecules during chronic stress, highlighting the role of IL‐1β as main biomarker of this effects, indeed, during chronic stress its increment transforms this inflammatory signal into a nervous signal (NE), in turn, this uses the ES (melatonin and cortisol) to counterbalance again IL‐1β. During cortisol resistance, a vicious loop occurs that increments all mediators, unbalancing IS, ES, and CNS networks. This IL‐1β increase would occur above all when the individual succumbs to stressful events, showing the Sickness Behaviour Symptoms. IL‐1β might, through melatonin and vice versa, determine sleep disorders too.ConclusionThe molecular links here outlined could explain how stress plays a role in etiopathogenesis of several diseases through this complex interplay.
Prognostic significance of nutritional markers in metastatic gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Lucy X. , Taylor Kirsty , Espin‐Garcia Osvaldo , Anconina Reut , Suzuki Chihiro , Allen Michael J. , Honorio Marta , Bach Yvonne , Allison Frances , Chen Eric X. , Brar Savtaj , Swallow Carol J. , Yeung Jonathan , Darling Gail E. , Wong Rebecca , Kalimuthu Sangeetha N. , Jang Raymond W. , Veit‐Haibach Patrick , Elimova Elena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition and sarcopenia are poor prognostic factors in many cancers. Studies in gastric and esophageal (GE) cancer have focused on curative intent patients. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic utility of malnutrition and sarcopenia in de novo metastatic GE adenocarcinoma.MethodsPatients with de novo metastatic GE adenocarcinoma seen at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre from 2010 to 2016 with an available pre‐treatment abdominal computed tomography (CT) were included. Malnutrition was defined as nutritional risk index (NRI) <97.5. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the L3 level (sarcopenia defined as SMI <34.4 cm2/m2 in women and <45.4 cm2/m2 in men). Patients receiving chemotherapy had NRI and SMI recalculated at the time of first restaging CT.ResultsOf 175 consecutive patients, 33% were malnourished and 39% were sarcopenic at baseline. Patients with pretreatment malnourishment had significantly shorter overall survival (OS; 5.8 vs. 10.9 months, p = 0.000475). Patients who became malnourished during chemotherapy had worse OS compared to those who maintained their nutrition (12.2 vs. 17.5 months p = 0.0484). On univariable analysis, ECOG (p < 0.001), number of metastatic sites (p = 0.029) and NRI (p < 0.001) were significant prognostic factors while BMI (p = 0.57) and sarcopenia (p = 0.19) were not. On multivariable analysis, ECOG (p < 0.001), baseline NRI (p = 0.025), and change in NRI during treatment (p < 0.001) were significant poor prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionsIn de novo metastatic GE adenocarcinoma patients, ECOG, pretreatment NRI and change in NRI were significant prognostic factors for OS while sarcopenia was not. Use of NRI at baseline and during treatment can provide useful prognostic information.
Management of life‐threatening post‐traumatic otorrhagia
Authors: Rivera Gabriel , Lajud Shayanne , Gonzalez Leonardo , Garratón Miguel , Labat Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOtorrhagia can be life‐threatening, and acute control of the hemorrhage using easily accessible and practical techniques in the otolaryngology field such as Merocel packing and Kerlix gauze pressure dressing is essential to manage this complication.
Coupling Alternating Current and Biosorption for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Mbarki Fatma , Othmani Amina , Kesraoui Aida , Seffen Mongi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of coupling alternating current (AC) with biosorption using Tunisian corn stigmata on the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution was studied. A comparative study was performed between biosorption alone and biosorption coupled with AC, for the removal of Cr(VI). The effects of various operating parameters were studied, such as the solution pH, the contact time, the initial concentration, the temperature, and the salt concentration. The comparison between biosorption in the presence and absence of an AC shows the importance of the AC in the acceleration of the biosorption process. The kinetic study showed that the fractal Brouers‐Sotolongo model was the best model for describing the random distribution of the active sites.
Enthalpically and Entropically Favorable Self‐Assembly: Synthesis of C4h‐Symmetric Tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes by Regioselective Introduction of Pyridine Rings
Authors: Akahori Shuhei , Sasamori Takahiro , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembly of π‐conjugated molecules in solution generally occurs owing to either an enthalpic or an entropic gain; however, designing π‐conjugated systems that simultaneously exhibit enthalpically and entropically favorable self‐assembly behavior is challenging. Herein, the self‐assembly behavior of tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes is disclosed, which is driven by both enthalpy and entropy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that molecules of these tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes form face‐to‐face stacked dimers with a 1D columnar structure owing to the circularly arranged dipole moments. Importantly, concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectra revealed that the formation of self‐assemblies of tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes in chloroform and methanol is favored by both enthalpic and entropic factors. The unique association behavior is due to the presence of sp2‐hybridized nitrogen atoms, which weakly coordinate to the hydrogen atoms of these solvents and reduce the π‐electron density of the circulene cores.
Cystic adrenal lesions: A report of five cases
Authors: Goel Divya , Enny Loreno , Rana Chanchal , Ramakant Pooja , Singh Kulranjan , Babu Suresh , Mishra Anand 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic adrenal lesions are rare and uncommon manifestation with few cases reported so far. Different types of adrenal cysts have been described with heterogeneous etiology and overlapping clinical findings, ranging from benign to malignant cystic neoplasm. They are usually asymptomatic or may rarely present with abdominal pain or fullness. Optimum management of adrenal cysts still remain controversial, owing to its low incidence. In this study, we report our institutional experience on diagnosis and management of different histological types of cystic adrenal lesions.CasesDuring 4 years period, 55 patients underwent adrenalectomy with five cases presenting as adrenal cysts. All the five patients were biochemically nonfunctional and underwent adrenalectomy (laparoscopic anterior n = 2, retroperitoneoscopic approach n = 1, and open anterior transperitoneal approach n = 2). The primary indications for surgery were larger size and/or suspicion of malignancy. Histological evaluation revealed two epithelial cysts, one endothelial cyst, one pseudocyst, and a very rare case of adrenocortical carcinoma arising in a pseudocyst.ConclusionCystic adrenal lesions are rare with varied etiologic and clinical presentation that may sometimes lead to diagnostic and management dilemma. These cases must undergo biochemical and radiological evaluation to rule out underlying malignancy followed by referral for surgical intervention.
Primary branchiogenic carcinoma: malignant degeneration of a branchial cyst, a case report
Authors: Colella Giuseppe , Boschetti Ciro Emiliano , Spuntarelli Chiara , De Cicco Davide , Cozzolino Immacolata , Montella Marco , Tartaro Gianpaolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary branchiogenic carcinoma (PBC) is an extremely rare and poorly documented disease developed from a brachial cleft cyst.CaseA 51‐year‐old patient was referred to our unit for an upper neck mass. PBC was confirmed in accordance with Kahfif's diagnostic criteria. Prophylactic selective neck dissection was performed in a second‐stage surgery to ensure the complete removal of the neoplasm. Branchiogenic origin with lymphoid tissue was confirmed in the “host cyst” after histological examination and no other tumors were found elsewhere. Regular follow up documented no relapse 12 months after surgery.ConclusionsAlthough rare, PBC must be suspected in presence of cervical masses, especially in patients older than 40 years. A standardized treatment algorithm still lacks, but prophylactic selective neck dissection could be considered as the first line choice after the diagnosis has been confirmed.
The association between cumulative radiation dose and the incidence of severe oral mucositis in head and neck cancers during radiotherapy
Authors: Sunaga Tomiko , Nagatani Akiko , Fujii Naokazu , Hashimoto Touji , Watanabe Toru , Sasaki Tadanori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life can be influenced by oral mucositis (OM), and it is necessary to implement OM management strategies before the initiation of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).AimsTo examine the association between the cumulative radiation dose and the incidence of severe OM in HNC patients receiving RT.Methods and resultsA retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients with HNC who developed OM during RT. We defined OM as a more than grade 2 OM. The cumulative incidence of OM curves of the two categories was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for OM after the adjustment of factors for covariates using Cox's regression analysis. Patients with smoking history had a significantly later development of OM than those with no smoking history (20 Gy‐incidence OM 68.7% vs 39.7%, P = .003). In contrast, patients undergoing concurrent chemotherapy had an earlier development of OM than those undergoing RT alone (20 Gy‐incidence OM 24.2% vs 55.7%, P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that no smoking history and concurrent chemotherapy were independent predictive factors, with a HR of 0.526 (P = .025) and 2.690 (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrated that no smoking history and concurrent chemotherapy may be predictive of OM in HNC patients.
Identification of similar epitopes between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin: potential for cross‐reactive adaptive immunity
Authors: Urbán Szabolcs , Paragi Gábor , Burián Katalin , McLean Gary R , Virok Dezső P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been implicated in protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and as a non‐specific immunisation method against the virus. We therefore decided to investigate T‐cell and B‐cell epitopes within the BCG‐Pasteur strain proteome for similarity to immunogenic peptides of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsWe used NetMHC 4.0 and BepiPred 2.0 epitope prediction methods for the analysis of the BCG‐Pasteur proteome to identify similar peptides to established and novel SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell and B‐cell epitopes.ResultsWe found 112 BCG MHC‐I‐restricted T‐cell epitopes similar to MHC‐I‐restricted T‐cell SARS‐CoV‐2 epitopes and 690 BCG B‐cell epitopes similar to SARS‐CoV‐2 B‐cell epitopes. The SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell epitopes represented 16 SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, and the SARS‐CoV‐2 B‐cell epitopes represented 5 SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, including the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein.ConclusionAltogether, our results provide a mechanistic basis for the potential cross‐reactive adaptive immunity that may exist between the two microorganisms.
A molecular phylogeny of historical and contemporary specimens of an under‐studied micro‐invertebrate group
Authors: Orr Russell J. S. , Sannum Maja M. , Boessenkool Sanne , Di Martino Emanuela , Gordon Dennis P. , Mello Hannah L. , Obst Matthias , Ramsfjell Mali H. , Smith Abigail M. , Liow Lee Hsiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResolution of relationships at lower taxonomic levels is crucial for answering many evolutionary questions, and as such, sufficiently varied species representation is vital. This latter goal is not always achievable with relatively fresh samples. To alleviate the difficulties in procuring rarer taxa, we have seen increasing utilization of historical specimens in building molecular phylogenies using high throughput sequencing. This effort, however, has mainly focused on large‐bodied or well‐studied groups, with small‐bodied and under‐studied taxa under‐prioritized. Here, we utilize both historical and contemporary specimens, to increase the resolution of phylogenetic relationships among a group of under‐studied and small‐bodied metazoans, namely, cheilostome bryozoans. In this study, we pioneer the sequencing of air‐dried cheilostomes, utilizing a recently developed library preparation method for low DNA input. We evaluate a de novo mitogenome assembly and two iterative methods, using the sequenced target specimen as a reference for mapping, for our sequences. In doing so, we present mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA sequences of 43 cheilostomes representing 37 species, including 14 from historical samples ranging from 50 to 149 years old. The inferred phylogenetic relationships of these samples, analyzed together with publicly available sequence data, are shown in a statistically well‐supported 65 taxa and 17 genes cheilostome tree, which is also the most broadly sampled and largest to date. The robust phylogenetic placement of historical samples whose contemporary conspecifics and/or congenerics have been sequenced verifies the appropriateness of our workflow and gives confidence in the phylogenetic placement of those historical samples for which there are no close relatives sequenced. The success of our workflow is highlighted by the circularization of a total of 27 mitogenomes, seven from historical cheilostome samples. Our study highlights the potential of utilizing DNA from micro‐invertebrate specimens stored in natural history collections for resolving phylogenetic relationships among species.