bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity
Authors: Haywood Alan M. , Tindall Julia C. , Dowsett Harry J. , Dolan Aisling M. , Foley Kevin M. , Hunter Stephen J. , Hill Daniel J. , Chan Wing-Le , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Stepanek Christian , Lohmann Gerrit , Chandan Deepak , Peltier W. Richard , Tan Ning , Contoux Camille , Ramstein Gilles , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Zhongshi , Guo Chuncheng , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Zhang Qiong , Li Qiang , Kamae Youichi , Chandler Mark A. , Sohl Linda E. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Feng Ran , Brady Esther C. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , Lunt Daniel J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Pliocene epoch has great potential to improve our
understanding of the long-term climatic and environmental consequences of an atmospheric CO2 concentration near ∼400 parts per
million by volume. Here we present the large-scale features of Pliocene
climate as simulated by a new ensemble of climate models of varying
complexity and spatial resolution based on new reconstructions of
boundary conditions (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2;
PlioMIP2). As a global annual average, modelled surface air temperatures
increase by between 1.7 and 5.2 ∘C relative to the pre-industrial era
with a multi-model mean value of 3.2 ∘C. Annual mean total
precipitation rates increase by 7 % (range: 2 %–13 %). On average, surface air temperature (SAT) increases by 4.3 ∘C over land and 2.8 ∘C over the oceans. There is a clear pattern of polar amplification with warming polewards of 60∘ N and 60∘ S exceeding the global mean warming by a factor of 2.3. In the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, meridional temperature gradients are reduced, while tropical zonal gradients remain largely unchanged. There is a statistically significant relationship between a model's climate response associated with a doubling in CO2 (equilibrium climate sensitivity; ECS) and its simulated Pliocene surface temperature response. The mean ensemble Earth system response to a doubling of CO2 (including ice sheet feedbacks) is 67 % greater than ECS; this is larger than the increase of 47 % obtained from the PlioMIP1 ensemble. Proxy-derived estimates of Pliocene sea surface temperatures are used to assess model estimates of ECS and give an ECS range of 2.6–4.8 ∘C. This result is in general accord with the ECS range presented by previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports.
Propaganda eleitoral: reflexões sobre os limites ao direito de livre manifestação do pensamento
Authors: Buzaglo Dantas Marcelo , Siegert Schuch Luiz Felipe 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada no texto da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e legislação infraconstitucional no que se refere à disciplina da propaganda realizada por canditados em período eleitoral. A partir de um caso concreto ocorrido nas eleições municipais de 2012, em um município do Estado de Santa Catarina, procedeu-se a análise sobre o papel do Estado e os limites para o exercício da campanha política quando centrada na descriminalização das drogas, especialmente a “maconha”, de modo a compatibilizar a propaganda eleitoral e o direito constitucional à livre manifestação do pensamento com os relevantes valores ético-sociais encimados na Constituição da República de 1988, dentre eles a proteção à família, às crianças e adolescentes, e o combate ao uso e tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes e drogas afins.
computational thinking problem-thread for grade 7 students and above from the Pósa method
Authors: Bóra Eszter 
Published: November 2020

Lajos Pósa has been developing his “learning through discovery” (Győri & Juhász, 2018) method since 1988. His weekend math camps are focused on fostering problem-solving skills and high-level mathematical-thinking skills in gifted students from grades 7 to 11. One of the core aspects of the method is the structure of the problems, all problems are part of a complex, intertwined, and rich network. In this article we analyze a computational thinking problem-thread and its role in the camps’s network of problems (Gosztonyi, 2019), and show some aspects of the method. The insights gained using this method can be useful in other contexts. The possible adaptation of the method to secondary and high schools is briefly discussed as well.
Subject Classification: 97D40
De mogelijkheden en beperkingen van de kruimelgevallenregeling nader belicht
Authors: Olierook S.T.J. (Simon) , Bosma W.J. (Willem) 
Published: November 2020

De mogelijkheden en beperkingen van de kruimelgevallenregeling nader belicht
In dit artikel wordt aan de hand van recente jurisprudentie het toepassingsbereik van de kruimelgevallenregeling besproken.
Identification of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways and a miR-21-5p based nomogram model in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yiqiao , Tao Zijia , Chen Xiaonan 
Published: November 2020

Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the key microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory networks in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods
Five mRNA and three microRNA microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and used to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed with Metascape. A miRNA-mRNA network was mapped with the Cytoscape tool. The results were validated with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and qRT-PCR. A nomogram model based on independent prognostic key DEMs, stage and grade was constructed for further investigation.

Results
A total of 26 key DEMs and 307 DEGs were identified. Dysregulation of four key DEMs (miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-155-5p and miR-342-5p) was identified to correlate with overall survival. The results were validated with TCGA data and qRT-PCR. The nomogram model showed high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC.

Conclusion
We identified 26 DEMs that may play vital roles in the regulatory networks of ccRCC. Four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-155-5p and miR-342-5p) were considered as potential biomarkers in the prognosis of ccRCC, among which only miR-21-5p was found to be an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram model was then created on the basis of independent factors for better prediction of prognosis for patients with ccRCC. Our results suggest a need for further experimental validation studies.
Positive Reinforcement Practices and Self-Resiliency of Grade Six Students
Authors: Lapaz Merry Rose R. , Bello Amelie T. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To determine the teachers’ positive reinforcement practices and its impact on the self-efficacy of Grade Six students in the selected elementary schools in Kiblawan Disctrict, Division of Davao del Sur.
Study Design: Descriptive-correlational research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Kiblawan South District, Division of Davao del Sur, School Year 2019-2020.
Methodology: The respondents of the study were the 188 Grade Six students at the 14 elementary schools of Kiblawan South District, Kiblawan, Davao del Sur. Moreover, random sampling technique was used wherein the 188 students were randomly selected out of 355 students through drawing of lots. Data were collected using self-made survey questionnaires which were validated by the experts. Data gathered were treated using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance.
Results: Results of the study showed a high extent of positive reinforcement practices of teachers. A high level of self-efficacy of Grade six students was also noted. Statistical analysis further revealed a high and positive significant relationship between teachers’ positive reinforcement practices and students self-resiliency. Thus, teachers’ reinforcing initiatives were instrumental in increasing the ability of the students to adjust and cope up with the stressors more efficiently and effectively.
Neutron Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Parker Stewart F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeutron vibrational spectroscopy (inelastic neutron scattering(INS)) is a form of vibrational spectroscopy that is complementary to infrared and Raman spectroscopies. It has a very wide spectral range of zero to several thousand cm−1, there are no selection rules so all modes are allowed and comparison withab initiocalculations is straightforward. The disadvantages are that it is relatively insensitive and restricted to the solid state. It is particularly sensitive to modes involving hydrogen and in hydrogenous materials, these dominate the spectra. In this article, the history, theory, and practice of the technique are briefly reviewed. The extensive range of applications of this form of spectroscopy is illustrated with examples in the areas of hydrogen storage, catalysis, soft condensed matter, ice, carbons, and magnetism.
Pilot Studies in Clinical Research
Authors: Whitehead Amy L. , Julious Steven A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pilot studies are small‐scale studies conducted to gather information and provide a foundation for the design of a definitive trial. They do not seek to estimate treatment efficacy or effectiveness themselves but may be used to assess whether a definitive trial is feasible and how it can be carried out.
The objectives of a study can be met only if a sufficient number of participants are recruited. A formal power calculation is not usually necessary for a pilot study where the focus is on estimation – for example, of feasibility parameters or the population variance – and the precision of these estimates. However, the sample size should still be justified as appropriate to meet the aims of the trial.
The appropriate analysis of a pilot study would usually be a descriptive summary of the parameters of interest, addressing the original trial objectives. The analysis should not contain hypothesis testing for which the trial is not powered. The interpretation of the results should be in line with the feasibility of the planned main trial. The decision‐making process and changes made to the trial design based on the pilot study should be documented, and results presented in accordance with the CONSORT extension for pilot trials. Every effort should be made to publish the trial for transparency and to allow learning to be shared within the research community.
Monetizing Industry 4.0 and IoT Data for Marketing and Sales – Data Collected from Processes in Smart Factories
Authors: Coleman Shirley Y. , Ahlemeyer‐Stubbe Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

In smart factories, sensors measure and communicate all aspects of production and service. Clever companies are well aware of the importance of such data arising from
Industry 4.0
. They are able to develop new business models, initiate disruptive innovations, and open up new sources of revenue. At the same time, society is becoming more and more familiar with data from IoT, the
Internet of Things
. The less technical areas of
marketing and sales
can also benefit from this mass of data, and it is this vital part of the business chain upon which this article focuses. This article discusses concrete examples from the area of smart factories. It describes the data which is generated and shows value creation opportunities for marketing and sales both in large companies and small or medium enterprises (SMEs).
Gradable Adjectives and Degree Expressions
Authors: Morzycki Marcin 
Published: November 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the semantics of gradable adjectives and the grammatical mechanisms by which the meaning of these adjectives is modulated. This entails a discussion of how gradability and vagueness are related, and of how best to model that relation semantically. Perhaps the most informative window into this domain is the class of degree constructions – which includes comparatives, equatives, superlatives, and their less‐well‐understood grammatical cousins. These provide a view of how adjectives fit into larger structures, but it's possible to look in the other direction as well, by using a variety of degree morphemes (such asveryandfully) to explore subtle distinctions in the lexical semantics of adjectives themselves. Finally, over the last decade or so, major strides have been made toward answering a central question: how do languages differ in how they express gradation and comparison?
Secondary malignancy risk for patients with localized prostate cancer after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with and without flattening filter
Authors: Treutwein Marius , Loeschel Rainer , Hipp Matthias , Koelbl Oliver , Dobler Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMen treated for localized prostate cancer by radiotherapy have often a remaining life span of 10 yr or more. Therefore, the risk for secondary malignancies should be taken into account. Plans for ten patients were evaluated which had been performed on an Oncentra® treatment planning system for a treatment with an Elekta Synergy™ linac with Agility™ head. The investigated techniques involved IMRT and VMTA with and without flattening filter. Different dose response models were applied for secondary carcinoma and sarcoma risk in the treated region and also in the periphery. As organs at risk we regarded for carcinoma risk urinary bladder, rectum, colon, esophagus, thyroid, and for sarcoma risk bone and soft tissue. The excess absolute risk (EAR) was found very similar in the treated region for both techniques (IMRT and VMAT) and also for both with and without flattening filter. The secondary sarcoma risk resulted about one magnitude smaller than the secondary carcinoma risk. The EAR to the peripheral organs was statistically significant reduced by application of the flattening filter free mode concerning the flattening filter as main source of scattered dose. Application of flattening filter free mode can thus support to reduce second malignancy risk for patients with localized prostate cancer.
Designing Better Cardiovascular Stent Materials: A Learning Curve
Authors: Cockerill Irsalan , See Carmine Wang , Young Marcus L. , Wang Yadong , Zhu Donghui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiovascular stents are life‐saving devices and one of the top ten medical breakthroughs of the 21st century. Decades of research and clinical trials have taught us about the effects of material (metal or polymer), design (geometry, strut thickness, and the number of connectors), and drug‐elution on vasculature mechanics, hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and patient health. Recently developed novel bioresorbable stents are intended to overcome common issues of chronic inflammation, in‐stent restenosis, and stent thrombosis associated with permanent stents, but there is still much to learn. Increased knowledge and advanced methods in material processing have led to new stent formulations aimed at improving the performance of their predecessors but often comes with potential tradeoffs. This review aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of stent material interactions with the host within five areas of contrasting characteristics, such as 1) metal or polymer, 2) bioresorbable or permanent, 3) drug elution or no drug elution, 4) bare or surface‐modified, and 5) self‐expanding or balloon‐expanding perspectives, as they relate to pre‐clinical and clinical outcomes and concludes with directions for future studies.
Polydopamine Sensors of Bacterial Hypoxia via Fluorescence Coupling
Authors: Lee Joo Hoon , Ryu Jea Sung , Kang Yoo Kyung , Lee Haeshin , Chung Hyun Jung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiological catecholamines play critical physiological roles in various parts of the human body, namely, the skin and brain. In the skin, an oxygen‐contacting and oxygen‐abundant body part, catecholamine molecules are oxidatively polymerized, becoming melanin. In contrast, the brain is an oxygen‐demanding organ that suppresses catecholamine oxidation. Catecholamine oxidative polymerization, also known as polydopamine (or dopamine–melanin) formation, can be finely controlled by bacterial growth. Under exponential growth of Escherichia coli, a process that requires large amounts of oxygen, dopamine polymerization is significantly inhibited. In contrast, under steady‐state growth, polydopamine is formed due to the abundance of oxygen which is not actively consumed by E. coli. This polydopamine‐oxygen relationship is further demonstrated by using fluorescent dextran nanoparticles (FDNPs) as sensors, whose fluorescence is quenched by polydopamine formation. Thus, FDNP fluorescence can be precisely controlled by dopamine concentration, incubation time, and bacterial number. The cascade coupling of E. coli growth—oxygen level—polydopamine—fluorescence can also be used to detect the antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, New Delhi metallo‐beta‐lactamase 1‐positive (NDM1+) E. coli. This method not only uncovers the unique role played by biological catecholamine in a living system, but also presents a diagnostic assay for detecting bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility.
Criteria for Realizing Room‐Temperature Electrical Transport Applications of Topological Materials
Authors: Brahlek Matthew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unusual electronic states found in topological materials can enable a new generation of devices and technologies, yet a long‐standing challenge has been finding materials without deleterious parallel bulk conduction. This can arise either from defects or thermally activated carriers. Here, the criteria that materials need to meet to realize transport properties dominated by the topological states, a necessity for a topological device, are clarified. This is demonstrated for 3D topological insulators, 3D Dirac materials, and 1D quantum anomalous Hall insulators, though this can be applied to similar systems. The key parameters are electronic bandgap, dielectric constant, and carrier effective mass, which dictate under what circumstances (defect density, temperature, etc.) the unwanted bulk state will conduct in parallel to the topological states. As these are fundamentally determined by the basic atomic properties, simple chemical arguments can be used to navigate the phase space to ultimately find improved materials. This will enable rapid identification of new systems with improved properties, which is crucial to designing new material systems and push a new generation of topological technologies.
Nanoporous‐Gold‐Polypyrrole Hybrid Materials for Millimeter‐Sized Free Standing Actuators
Authors: Roschning Benedikt , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work studies the actuation of hybrid materials made from nanoporous gold, polypyrrole, and aqueous electrolyte. The deposition protocol affords a conformal polypyrrole coating on the entire internal interface of millimeter‐sized nanoporous metal specimens made by dealloying. The hybrid material emerges when the remaining pore space is filled with perchloric acid. The metal serves as load‐bearing and electronically conductive substrate, the polypyrrole as functional active component for actuation, and the aqueous electrolyte provides a pathway for fast ionic conduction. In this way, an actuator material is obtained that can be manufactured as monolithic bodies that can be subjected to compressive loads. Actuators with dimensions of millimeters in each spatial direction achieve characteristic times for actuation in the order of seconds and their work density is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art piezoceramics. As a remarkable finding, the actuation strain scales with the square of the polypyrrole phase fraction. This is surprising in view of the linear scaling predicted by conventional micromechanical models. A micromechanical model that explains this behavior as the result of polypyrrole bridges that link adjacent struts of the metal skeleton is presented.
Synthesis of Hydrobenzoimidazoles from para‐Quinamines and 1,3,5‐Triazinanes via a Formal [3+2] Annulation Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Cheng Bin , Li Hui , He Yixuan , Xu Wei , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Haiyan , Wang Taimin , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of hydrobenzoimidazoles from para‐quinamines and 1,3,5‐triazinanes was achieved via a formal [3+2] annulation reaction in the presence of In(OTf)3 as the catalyst. Further studies demonstrated that the synthesis of hydrobenzooxazoles could also be accomplished via the same strategy from para‐quinols and 1,3,5‐triazinanes.magnified image
Elucidating the Roles of Hole Transport Layers in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Jazib , Gao Peng , Zhou Guanqing , Li Yu , Hao Tianyu , Song Jingnan , Xu Jinqiu , Qian Kun , Zhang Quanzeng , Zhu Lei , Zhang Ming , Wang Jing , Feng Wei , Hu Hailin , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hole‐transport layer (HTL) is critical to high performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of hole extraction, transportation, and mediation of the following film formation. Here, the interplay between HTLs and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) in PSCs is directly targeted. The results suggest that there is no evident relation between the obtained VOC and the work function of HTLs and it is directly controlled by the recombination losses inside the perovskite material (grain boundaries and trap states) as well as at the interfacial contacts. Additionally, an insight understanding about the charge transfer behavior in PSCs is provided and it is pointed out that the nature of interfacial contacts is a critical factor in defining charge accumulation and recombination at the interfaces. Analysis of the electroluminescence efficiency and transient absorption spectroscopy confirms the better interfacial contact of HTL/perovskite, and larger grain size of perovskite films mediated by the hydrophobic nature of HTLs can collectively and efficiently eliminate nonradiative recombination, resulting in faster charge transfer and lower resistance at the interfaces. This work provides a profound understanding of how the surface hydrophobicity and the interface contact are correlated in terms of nonradiative losses and J–V characters in real devices.