bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Predictors of Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Contraction During Speech Using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Pua Schleif Eshan , Pelland Catherine M. , Ellis Charles , Fang Xiangming , Leierer Stephen J. , Sutton Bradley P. , Kuehn David P. , Blemker Silvia S. , Perry Jamie L. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle shortening and maximum contraction velocity in adults with normal anatomy.

Method

Twenty-two Caucasian English-speaking adults with normal speech and resonance were recruited. Participants included 11 men and 11 women (
M
= 22.8 years,
SD
= 4.1) with normal anatomy. Static magnetic resonance images were obtained using a three-dimensional static imaging protocol. Midsagittal and oblique coronal planes were established for visualization of the velum and LVP muscle at rest. Dynamic magnetic resonance images were obtained in the oblique coronal plane during production of “ansa.” Amira 6.0.1 Visualization and Volume Modeling Software and MATLAB were used to analyze images and calculate LVP shortening and maximum contraction velocity.

Results

Significant predictors (
p
< .05) of maximum LVP shortening during velopharyngeal closure included mean extravelar length, LVP origin-to-origin distance, velar thickness, pharyngeal depth, and velopharyngeal ratio. Significant predictors (
p
< .05) of maximum contraction velocity during velopharyngeal closure included mean extravelar length, intravelar length, LVP origin-to-origin distance, and velar thickness.

Conclusions
This study identified six velopharyngeal variables that predict LVP muscle function during real-time speech. These predictors should be considered among children and individuals with repaired cleft palate in future studies.
Dysphagia-Related Caregiver Burden: Moving Beyond the Physiological Impairment
Authors: Shune Samantha E. , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe biopsychosocial ramifications of dysphagia are widespread. However, its influence on informal caregivers and families is often overlooked. Ultimately, the health and well-being of an entire family is central to care provision. This tutorial introduces readers to the current literature on dysphagia-related caregiver burden and third-party disability, illustrates the consequences of such burden on both caregivers and patients, and suggests strategies for better supporting patients' informal caregivers.ConclusionsIt is essential that speech-language pathologists recognize that the consequences of dysphagia are not limited to the impairment itself and acknowledge dysphagia's substantial impact on the entire family system. More general health care literature suggests that asking caregivers individual questions, modifying the language used to talk with them, providing them with targeted education and resources, and organizing support groups may all be beneficial for increased perceived support and self-efficacy. Ultimately, in order to best meet the needs of our patients with dysphagia, we must also better meet the needs of their families and other informal caregivers.
Flash Glucose Monitoring Improves Glucose Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Anti-diabetic Drug Medication
Authors: Chen Maoyuan , Li Huiqin , Shen Yun , Liu Bingli , Yan Renna , Sun Xiaojuan , Ye Lei , Lee Kok-Onn , Ma Jianhua , Su Xiaofei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective To investigate the effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) on glucose profile in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) receiving anti-diabetic drug medication.Methods This is a prospective non-randomized uncontrolled study. 111 people with T2DM were enrolled and received FGM for 14 days. There was no change of anti-diabetic medication during the 14 days. The plasma glucose concentration on day 2 was used as baseline and the day 13 was considered as study end point. The parameters to compare were mean plasma glucose (MPG), glucose variations, and incidence of hypoglycemia during the FGM period. The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to determine the independent factors that affect MPG difference.Results This study analyzed the data of a total of 111 people with T2DM (male 60 and female 51). The general clinical data of these patients were as follows: age: 65.0±6.7 years old; duration of diabetes: 11.6±6.8 years; HbA1c: 61.2±13.3 mmol/mol; body mass index (BMI): 25.2±3.2 kg/m². Using FGM, people with T2DM were able to change daily diet and exercise through which significant reductions in MPG on days 12 or 13 were achieved as compared with that of day 2 (P=0.04 or P=0.003, respectively). The glucose variations, such as standard deviation (SD) of plasma glucose, coefficient of variation (CV), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), progressively declined starting from day 6 as compared with baseline (P=0.016, P=0.003, or P=0.012, respectively). The incremental area over the curve (AOC) of the hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L) had a significant reduction starting from the day 3 (P=0.001). When people with T2DM were divided into 3 groups based on the tertile of HbA1c (high, middle, and low concentrations), the reduction of MPG in patients with high concentration of HbA1c were much larger than that in middle and low concentration group patients (P=0.001 for both). The incidence of hypoglycemia was improved in the low concentration group (P=0.017). The optimal frequency of scanning time required to maintain euglycemia was 11.7 times/day as calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Conclusion Using FGM to monitor glucose concentration at 11.7 times/day, people with T2DM can achieve a better glucose control in addition to anti-diabetic drug medication through changing daily diet and exercise, especially in patients with high concentration of HbA1c (>66.1 mmol/mol).
Praxisempfehlungen: Labordiagnostik bei akutem Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Blankenberg Stefan 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie rasche Triagierung von Patienten mit Verdacht eines akuten Koronarsyndroms ist essenziell. Der zeitnahe Ausschluss eines akuten Myokardinfarktes kann Wartezeiten und Kapazitäten in den Notaufnahmen reduzierten. Eine rasche und präzise Identifikation von Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt ist zur zeitgerechten Einleitung einer Therapie obligat. Vor allem nach Ausschluss eines akuten ST-Hebungsinfarktes mittels Elektrokardiogramm wird das weitere Vorgehen maßgeblich durch die Labordiagnostik bestimmt. Die Erfassung des myokardspezifischen Proteins Troponin mittels hoch-sensitiven Assays stellt als direkter Nachweis eines Myokardschadens den Goldstandard dar. Mithilfe Troponin-basierter Diagnosealgorithmen werden Patienten in Abhängigkeit ihres Risikos an einem akuten Myokardinfarkt zu leiden stratifiziert. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuell verfügbare Literatur zur Labordiagnostik beim akuten Koronarsyndrom zusammen. Schwerpunkt hierbei ist die klinische Anwendung von (hoch-sensitiven) Troponin-Assays, der Einfluss von Begleiterkrankungen auf die Diagnostik sowie mögliche individuelle Anwendungskonzepte in der Diagnostik und Risikoprädiktion.
Soziale Ungleichheit und COVID-19: Sozialepidemiologische
Perspektiven auf die Pandemie
Authors: Wachtler Benjamin , Hoebel Jens 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie neue Coronavirus-Erkrankung (COVID-19) trifft bestimmte
Bevölkerungsgruppen stärker als andere. Sozialepidemiologische
Muster der Pandemie, die über Alters- und Geschlechterunterschiede
hinausgehen, sind bislang jedoch kaum erforscht. Für Deutschland liegen
bisher nur sehr wenige Befunde zu den sozialen Determinanten von COVID-19 vor.
Erste Berichte aus anderen westlichen Industrieländern lassen erkennen,
dass Menschen in sozioökonomisch deprivierten Regionen und People of
Color ein erhöhtes Risiko haben, schwer an COVID-19 zu erkranken und
daran zu versterben. Hierfür dürften soziale Ungleichheiten im
Infektionsrisiko, die sich durch unterschiedliche Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen
ergeben, wie auch soziale Ungleichheiten in der Suszeptibilität und den
Risikofaktoren für schwere COVID-19-Krankheitsverläufe,
insbesondere das Vorhandensein von Vorerkrankungen, eine wesentliche Rolle
spielen. Diese sind auch für Deutschland umfassend dokumentiert. Somit
kann angenommen werden, dass auch hierzulande Menschen mit einem niedrigen
sozioökonomischen Status besonders stark betroffen sein könnten,
was vermutlich erst im weiteren Verlauf der Pandemie mehr zutage treten wird.
Auch die sozialen, ökonomischen und psychosozialen Folgen der
Maßnahmen, die zur Eindämmung der Pandemie getroffen werden,
könnten verschiedene sozioökonomische Gruppen ungleich stark
treffen. Damit hat die COVID-19-Pandemie insgesamt das Potenzial, soziale und
gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten zu verstärken. Es braucht
sozialepidemiologische Untersuchungen des COVID-19-Geschehens, um
Maßnahmen des Gesundheits- und Infektionsschutzes zielgruppengerecht,
evidenzbasiert und unter Berücksichtigung gesundheitlicher
Chancengerechtigkeit weiterentwickeln zu können.
PSA-Screening: Sinnvoll oder Geldvernichtung?
Authors: Hammerer Peter 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn Deutschland kommen derzeit 2 Früherkennungsverfahren für Prostatakrebserkrankungen zum Einsatz: die digital-rektale Untersuchung (DRU) und der Bluttest zur Messung von PSA. Während die DRU im gesetzlichen Früherkennungsangebot für Männer ab 45 Jahren enthalten ist und somit erstattet wird, steht der PSA-Test ausschließlich als individuelle Gesundheitsleistung zur Verfügung.PSA ist ein Eiweiß, welches in der Prostata gebildet und in die Samenflüssigkeit abgegeben wird. Ein erhöhter PSA-Wert im Serum kann auf eine Prostatakrebserkrankung hinweisen, kann aber auch durch andere Ursachen wie eine Entzündung der Prostata oder Blase oder eine gutartige Vergrößerung der Prostata bedingt sein. Üblicherweise wird der PSA-Wert mit anderen klinischen Parametern kombiniert, um so eine Risikoabschätzung für eine Prostatakrebserkrankung zu ermöglichen.Das IQWIG hat aktuell ein Gutachten zum Thema Prostatakrebsscreening mittels PSA-Test erstellt, das Fazit lautete: „Das Prostatakarzinomscreening mittels PSA-Test schadet deutlich mehr Männern durch Überdiagnosen als es Männern nutzt. Daher wird zusammenfassend festgestellt, dass der Nutzen des Prostatakarzinomscreenings mittels PSA-Test den Schaden nicht aufwiegt.“Viele Fachgesellschaften haben diese Bewertung kritisiert, da diese dazu führen könne, dass Männer Früherkennungsuntersuchungen eher vermeiden und in der Konsequenz langjährige Belastungen durch Metastasen, lokale Symptome und Behandlungsfolgen durch Chemotherapien sowie die Mortalität zukünftig stark zunehmen können.Fazit: Der PSA-Test kann Männer davor bewahren, an Prostatakrebs zu versterben. Allerdings sollten neben dem PSA-Wert klinische Parameter in die Bewertung mit einbezogen werden. Das Risiko eines alleinigen PSA-Testes ist die geringe Spezifität und die dadurch bedingte Verunsicherung und mögliche Überbehandlung.
Bowel Preparation for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Is There Still a Role for Polyethylene Glycol?
Authors: Collins Paul , Haslam Neil , Morris Anthony , Skouras Thomas , Bond Ashley 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel cleansing on performance characteristics of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE).
Materials and Methods Data from consecutive patients undergoing SBCE in the period before and after the introduction of PEG 2 L bowel cleansing with PEG were collated retrospectively. The indication, diagnostic yield (DY), clinical outcome, small bowel transit time, gastric transit time, and completion rate were recorded for each procedure.
Results Data from 286 patients were analyzed. PEG 2 L was not superior to 12-hour fasting for DY (66 [53%] vs. 76 [47%] patients [p = 0.348]), or DY for significant findings (findings requiring a further intervention or investigation; 29 [23%] vs. 52 [32%] patients [p = 0.090]).There was a trend toward an increased DY for significant findings in patients undergoing investigation for iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) receiving PEG 2 L that just failed to meet statistical significance (13 [31%] and 25 [21%] patients, respectively [p = 0.06]). Transit times and completion rates were unaffected by bowel cleansing.
Conclusion Bowel cleansing with PEG 2 L is not superior to fasting for overall DY in SBCE. PEG 2 L may confer an advantage for the detection of significant lesions in patient with IDA. Further investigation of optimal modes of bowel preparation is indicated.
A pathogenic and clonally expanded B cell transcriptome in active multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ramesh Akshaya , Schubert Ryan D. , Greenfield Ariele L. , Dandekar Ravi , Loudermilk Rita , Sabatino Joseph J. , Koelzer Matthew T. , Tran Edwina B. , Koshal Kanishka , Kim Kicheol , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Banerji Debarko ,   University of California, San Francisco MS-EPIC Team, Guo Chu-Yueh , Green Ari J. , Bove Riley M. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Cree Bruce A. C. , Zamvil Scott S. , Baranzini Sergio E. , Hauser Stephen L. , Wilson Michael R. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceB cells serve as a key weapon against infectious diseases. They also contribute to multiple autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) where depletion of B cells is a highly effective therapy. We describe a comprehensive profile of central nervous system (CNS)-specific transcriptional B cell phenotypes in MS at single-cell resolution with paired immune repertoires. We reveal a polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG1 cerebrospinal fluid B cell expansion polarized toward an inflammatory, memory and plasmablast/plasma cell phenotype, with differential up-regulation of specific proinflammatory pathways. We did not find evidence that CNS B cells harbor a neurotropic virus. These data support the targeting of activated resident B cells in the CNS as a potentially effective strategy for control of treatment-resistant chronic disease.
Visualization of human T lymphocyte-mediated eradication of cancer cells in vivo
Authors: He Xingkang , Yin Xin , Wu Jing , Wickström Stina L. , Duo Yanhong , Du Qiqiao , Qin Shuhang , Yao Shuzhong , Jing Xu , Hosaka Kayoko , Wu Jieyu , Jensen Lasse D. , Lundqvist Andreas , Salter Alexander I. , Bräutigam Lars , Tao Wei , Chen Yuguo , Kiessling Rolf , Cao Yihai 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients is limited. We have developed a zebrafish model that allows us to visualize the metastatic cancer cell-killing effect by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and chimeric antigen receptor T cells in vivo at the single-cell level. This in vivo model accurately predicts clinical efficacy of T cell-mediated cancer therapy. Our data provide an in vivo platform for validating antimetastatic effects by human T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Based on our findings, it is highly recommended that anticancer effects of T cells isolated from cancer patients or genetically propagated T cells should be evaluated in this in vivo animal model before clinical application. If so, millions of cancer patients might benefit from our work.
Statistical prediction of the future impairs episodic encoding of the present
Authors: Sherman Brynn E. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
We use memory to recall the past and make predictions about the future. However, these functions can conflict: Recalling a past experience involves returning to a specific moment in time, but this exact experience will never occur again because the world and observer have changed. Rather, it is often adaptive to focus on aspects of the world that repeat across experiences and are likely to generalize. Encoding individual experiences (episodic memory) and extracting regularities across experiences (statistical learning) require fundamentally different kinds of learning, yet both have been linked to the same brain region, the hippocampus. Here we reveal the consequence of this codependence: Predicting what comes next from statistical learning prevents encoding of the current experience into episodic memory.
Bilateral key comparison CCT-K6.2 on humidity standards in the frost-point temperature range from −80 °C to −30 °C
Authors: Meyer Christopher , Abe Hisashi 
Published: August 2020

A Consultative Committee on Thermometry (CCT) Key Comparison of frost point temperatures was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) and the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ, Japan) between December 2015 and November, 2016. The results of this comparison are reported here, along with descriptions of the humidity laboratory standards for NIST and NMIJ/AIST and the uncertainty budget for these standards. This report also describes the protocol for the comparison and presents the data acquired. The results are analyzed, determining degree of equivalence between the frost-point standards of NIST and NMIJ.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
QCD corrections to

in Type-I THDM at electron positron colliders *
Authors: Yang Qiang , Zhang Ren-You , Long Ming-Ming , Wang Shao-Ming , Ma Wen-Gan , Zhu Jian-Wen , Jiang Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate in detail the charged Higgs production associated with a W boson at electron-positron colliders within the framework of the Type-I two-Higgs-doublet model (THDM). We calculate the integrated cross section at the LO and analyze the dependence of the cross section on the THDM parameters and the colliding energy in a benchmark scenario of the input parameters of the Higgs sector. The numerical results show that the integrated cross section is sensitive to the charged Higgs mass, especially in the vicinity of

at a

collider, and decreases consistently with the increase of

in the low

region. The peak in the colliding energy distribution of the cross section arises from the resonance of the loop integrals, and it moves towards the low colliding energy with the increase of

. We also study the two-loop NLO QCD corrections to both the integrated cross section and the angular distribution of the charged Higgs boson and find that the QCD relative correction is also sensitive to the charged Higgs mass and strongly depends on the final-state phase space. For

, the QCD relative correction at a

collider varies in the range of [-10%, 11%] as

increases from 150 to 400 GeV.
Chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions from stochastic hydrodynamics *
Authors: Liang Gui-Rong , Liao Jinfeng , Lin Shu , Yan Li , Li Miao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We studied the chiral magnetic effect in AuAu, RuRu, and ZrZr collisions at

. The axial charge evolution was modeled with stochastic hydrodynamics, and geometrical quantities were calculated with the Monte Carlo Glauber model. By adjusting the relaxation time of the magnetic field, we found our results are in good agreement with background subtracted data for AuAu collisions at the same energy. We also made predictions for RuRu and ZrZr collisions. We found a weak centrality dependence on initial chiral imbalance, which implies that the centrality dependence of chiral magnetic effect signals results mainly from the effects of the magnetic field and volume factor. Furthermore, our results show an unexpected dependence on system size. While the AuAu system has larger chiral imbalance and magnetic field, it was observed to have a smaller signal for the chiral magnetic effect due to the larger volume suppression factor.
Multiple configurations of neutron stars containing quark matter *
Authors: Wei Wei , Yang Shu-Hua , Bao Ze-Han , Zhang Chong , Gao Chang , Fan Wei-Ru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to interpret the possibilities of hybrid star configurations under different phase transition paths and provide a general description of the conditions and features of the different configurations. We assume that there are two possible phase transition paths, i.e., from a nuclear phase to a 2flavor(2f)/3flavor(3f) quark phase directly, or first from a nuclear phase to a 2f quark phase, and then from that phase to a 3f quark phase sequentially. In addition, we consider Maxwell and Gibbs constructions based on the assumption of a first-order transition, which yields multiple configurations of hybrid stars: N-2f, N-3f, and N-2f-3f for a Maxwell construction, and N-2fmix-2f, N-3fmix-3f, N-2f3fmix, and N-2fmix-3f for a Gibbs construction. From the radii analysis of different hybrid star configurations with the same mass of

, the appearance of the quark matter (from nuclear to 2f or 3f quark matter) causes a radius difference of 0.5km~2km and provides the possibility of detection by NICER in the future. However, the sequential transition from 2f to 3f quark matter is difficult to detect because the transition does not lead to too high of a change in radius (far smaller than

). The dependence solely on the measurements of the stellar radii to probe the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars causes difficulties. Multi-messenger observations can help us to infer the interior of a neutron star in the future.
Dirac quasinormal modes of Born-Infeld black hole spacetimes *
Authors: Ma Hong , Li Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Quasinormal modes (QNMs) for massless and massive Dirac perturbations of Born-Infeld black holes (BHs) in higher dimensions are investigated. Solving the corresponding master equation in accordance with hypergeometric functions and the QNMs are evaluated. We discuss the relationships between QNM frequencies and spacetime dimensions. Meanwhile, we also discuss the stability of the Born-Infeld BH by calculating the temporal evolution of the perturbation field. Both the perturbation frequencies and the decay rate increase with increasing dimension of spacetime n. This shows that the Born-Infeld BHs become more and more unstable at higher dimensions. Furthermore, the traditional finite difference method is improved, so that it can be used to calculate the massive Dirac field. We also elucidate the dynamic evolution of Born-Infeld BHs in a massive Dirac field. Because the number of extra dimensions is related to the string scale, there is a relationship between the spacetime dimension n and the properties of Born-Infeld BHs that might be advantageous for the development of extra-dimensional brane worlds and string theory.