bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDentification of patients in need of general and specialised PALLiative care (ID-PALL©): item generation, content and face validity of a new interprofessional screening instrument
Authors: Teike Lüthi Fabienne , Bernard Mathieu , Beauverd Michel , Gamondi Claudia , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Borasio Gian Domenico 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Early identification of patients requiring palliative care is a major public health concern. A growing number of instruments exist to help professionals to identify these patients, however, thus far, none have been thoroughly assessed for criterion validity. In addition, no currently available instruments differentiate between patients in need of general vs. specialised palliative care, and most are primarily intended for use by physicians. This study aims to develop and rigorously validate a new interprofessional instrument allowing identification of patients in need of general vs specialised palliative care.

Methods
The instrument development involved four steps: i) literature review to determine the concept to measure; ii) generation of a set of items; iii) review of the initial set of items by experts to establish the content validity; iv) administration of the items to a sample of the target population to establish face validity. We conducted a Delphi process with experts in palliative care to accomplish step 3 and sent a questionnaire to nurses and physicians non-specialised in palliative care to complete step 4. The study was conducted in the French and Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland. An interdisciplinary committee of clinical experts supervised all steps.

Results
The literature review confirmed the necessity of distinguishing between general and specialised palliative care needs and of adapting clinical recommendations to these different needs. Thirty-six nurses and physicians participated in the Delphi process and 28 were involved in the face validity assessment. The Delphi process resulted in two lists: a 7-item list to identify patients in need of general PC and an 8-item list to identify specialised PC needs. The content and face validity were deemed to be acceptable by both the expert and target populations.

Conclusion
This instrument makes a significant contribution to the identification of patients with palliative care needs as it has been designed to differentiate between general and specialised palliative care needs. Moreover, diagnostic data is not fundamental to the use of the instrument, thus facilitating its use by healthcare professionals other than physicians, in particular nurses. Internal and criterion validity assessments are ongoing and essential before wider dissemination of the instrument.
A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of the Yinchenhao decoction on hepatitis C based on network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Liu Xinkui , Wu Jiarui , Zhou Wei , Tian Jinhui , Guo Siyu , Jia Shan Shan , Meng Ziqi , Ni Mengwei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Globally, more than 170 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus, a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD) is a classic formula comprising three herbal medicines. This decoction have long been used in China for clinically treating acute and chronic infectious hepatitis and other liver and gallbladder damp heat-accumulation disorders.

Methods
In this study, we identified 32 active ingredients and 200 hepatitis C proteins and established a compound-predicted target network and a hepatitis C protein–protein interaction network by using Cytoscape 3.6.1. Then, we systematically analyzed the potential targets of the YCHD for the treatment of hepatitis C. Finally, molecular docking was applied to verify the key targets. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism of action of the predicted targets by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology analyses.

Results
This study adopted a network pharmacology approach, mainly comprising target prediction, network construction, module detection, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking to systematically investigate the mechanisms of action of the YCHD in hepatitis C. The targets of the YCHD in the treatment of hepatitis C mainly involved PIK3CG, CASP3, BCL2, CASP8, and MMP1. The module and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the YCHD had the potential to influence varieties of biological pathways, including the TNF signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer, that play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C.

Conclusion
The results of this study preliminarily verified the basic pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of the YCHD in the treatment of hepatitis C.
Assessment of effects of methylene blue on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in a rabbit model: hemodynamic, histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Morgaz Juan , Ventura Sergio , Muñoz-Rascón Pilar , Navarrete Rocio , Pérez José , Granados María del Mar , Fernández-Sarmiento José Andrés , Domínguez Juan Manuel , Molina Verónica , Gómez-Villamandos Rafael J. , Zafra Rafael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is an important clinical occurrence seen in common diseases, such as gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs or colic in horses. Limited data is available on the use of methylene blue in veterinary medicine for intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. The present study aimed to compare the hemodynamic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical effects of two doses of methylene blue in two rabbit model groups In one group, 5 mg/kg IV was administered, and in another, 20 mg/kg IV was administered following a constant rate infusion (CRI) of 2 mg/kg/h that lasted 6 h. All the groups, including a control group had intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using caspase-3.

Results
During ischemia, hemodynamic depression with reduced perfusion and elevated lactate were observed. During reperfusion, methylene blue (MB) infusion generated an increase in cardiac output due to a positive chronotropic effect, an elevation of preload, and an intense positive inotropic effect. The changes in heart rate and blood pressure were significantly greater in the group in which methylene blue 5 mg/kg IV was administered (MB5) than in the group in which methylene blue 20 mg/kg IV dose was administered (MB20). In addition, lactate and stroke volume variations were significantly reduced, and vascular resistance was significantly elevated in the MB5 group compared with the control group and MB20 group. The MB5 group showed a significant decrease in the intensity of histopathological lesion scores in the intestines and a decrease in caspase-3 areas, in comparison with other groups.

Conclusions
MB infusion produced improvements in hemodynamic parameters in rabbits subjected to intestinal IR, with increased cardiac output and blood pressure. An MB dosage of 5 mg/kg IV administered at a CRI of 2 mg/kg/h exhibited the most protective effect against histopathological damage caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Further studies with MB in clinical veterinary pathologies are recommended to fully evaluate these findings.
The impact on incident tuberculosis by kidney function impairment status: analysis of severity relationship
Authors: Shu Chin-Chung , Wei Yu-Feng , Yeh Yi-Chun , Lin Hsien-Ho , Chen Chung-Yu , Wang Ping-Huai , Cheng Shih-Lung , Wang Jann-Yuan , Yu Chong-Jen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with impaired kidney function remains unclear by different stages of renal function impairment.

Methods
We retrospectively recruited all patients with kidney function in a tertiary-care referral center from January 2008 to December 2013 and followed them till December 2016. We defined the primary outcome as active TB development and analyzed the impact of kidney function impairment.

Results
During the study period, a total of 289,579 patients were enrolled for analysis, and of them, 1012 patients had active TB events in an average of 4.13 years of follow-up. According to kidney function impairment, the incidence rate of TB was similar in patients with no chronic kidney disease (CKD) or stage 1 and stage 2, and it increased apparently at stage 3a (167.68 per 100,000 person-years) to stage 3b, stage 4 and stage 5 (229.25, 304.95 and 349.29 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). In a Cox proportional hazard regression model, the dose response of TB risk among different stages of kidney function impairment increased significantly from CKD stage 3a to stage 5. Patients with long-term dialysis had a hazard ratio of 2.041 (1.092–3.815, p = 0.0254), which is similar to that of stage 4 CKD but lower than that of stage 5.

Conclusion
In patients with impaired kidney function, the risk of TB increases from CKD stage 3, and in stage 5, the risk is even higher than that of those receiving dialysis. Further strategies of TB control need to consider this high-risk group.
Phenotypic comparison between smoking and non-smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Salvi Sundeep S. , Brashier Bill B. , Londhe Jyoti , Pyasi Kanchan , Vincent Vandana , Kajale Shilpa S. , Tambe Sajid , Mandani Kuldeep , Nair Arjun , Mak Sze Mun , Madas Sapna , Juvekar Sanjay , Donnelly Louise E. , Barnes Peter J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Although COPD among non-smokers (NS-COPD) is common, little is known about this phenotype. We compared NS-COPD subjects with smoking COPD (S-COPD) patients in a rural Indian population using a variety of clinical, physiological, radiological, sputum cellular and blood biomarkers.

Methods
Two hundred ninety subjects (118 healthy, 79 S-COPD, 93 NS-COPD) performed pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry and were followed for 2 years to study the annual rate of decline in lung function. Body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, inspiratory-expiratory HRCT, induced sputum cellular profile and blood biomarkers were compared between 49 healthy, 45 S-COPD and 55 NS-COPD subjects using standardized methods. Spirometric response to oral corticosteroids was measured in 30 female NS-COPD patients.

Results
Compared to all male S-COPD subjects, 47% of NS-COPD subjects were female, were younger by 3.2 years, had greater body mass index, a slower rate of decline in lung function (80 vs 130 mL/year), more small airways obstruction measured by impulse oscillometry (p < 0.001), significantly less emphysema (29% vs 11%) on CT scans, lower values in lung diffusion parameters, significantly less neutrophils in induced sputum (p < 0.05) and tended to have more sputum eosinophils. Hemoglobin and red cell volume were higher and serum insulin lower in S-COPD compared to NS-COPD. Spirometric indices, symptoms and quality of life were similar between S-COPD and NS-COPD. There was no improvement in spirometry in NS-COPD patients after 2 weeks of an oral corticosteroid.

Conclusions
Compared to S-COPD, NS-COPD is seen in younger subjects with equal male-female predominance, is predominantly a small-airway disease phenotype with less emphysema, preserved lung diffusion and a slower rate of decline in lung function.
Patient safety in marginalised groups: a narrative scoping review
Authors: Cheraghi-Sohi Sudeh , Panagioti Maria , Daker-White Gavin , Giles Sally , Riste Lisa , Kirk Sue , Ong Bie Nio , Poppleton Aaron , Campbell Stephen , Sanders Caroline 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Marginalised groups (‘populations outside of mainstream society’) experience severe health inequities, as well as increased risk of experiencing patient safety incidents. To date however no review exists to identify, map and analyse the literature in this area in order to understand 1) which marginalised groups have been studied in terms of patient safety research, 2) what the particular patient safety issues are for such groups and 3) what contributes to or is associated with these safety issues arising.

Methods
Scoping review. Systematic searches were performed across six electronic databases in September 2019. The time frame for searches of the respective databases was from the year 2000 until present day.

Results
The searches yielded 3346 articles, and 67 articles were included. Patient safety issues were identified for fourteen different marginalised patient groups across all studies, with 69% (n = 46) of the studies focused on four patient groups: ethnic minority groups, frail elderly populations, care home residents and low socio-economic status. Twelve separate patient safety issues were classified. Just over half of the studies focused on three issues represented in the patient safety literature, and in order of frequency were: medication safety, adverse outcomes and near misses. In total, 157 individual contributing or associated factors were identified and mapped to one of seven different factor types from the Framework of Contributory Factors Influencing Clinical Practice within the London Protocol. Patient safety issues were mostly multifactorial in origin including patient factors, health provider factors and health care system factors.

Conclusions
This review highlights that marginalised patient groups are vulnerable to experiencing a variety patient safety issues and points to a number of gaps. The findings indicate the need for further research to understand the intersectional nature of marginalisation and the multi-dimensional nature of patient safety issues, for groups that have been under-researched, including those with mental health problems, communication and cognitive impairments. Such understanding provides a basis for working collaboratively to co-design training, services and/or interventions designed to remove or at the very least minimise these increased risks.

Trial registration
Not applicable for a scoping review.
Doublecortin undergo nucleocytoplasmic transport via the RanGTPase signaling to promote glioma progression
Authors: Ayanlaja Abiola Abdulrahman , Ji Guanquan , Wang Jie , Gao Yue , Cheng Bo , Kanwore Kouminin , Zhang Lin , Xiong Ye , Kambey Piniel Alphayo , Gao Dianshuai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Nuclear translocation of several oncogenic proteins have previously been reported, but neither the translocation of doublecortin (DCX) nor the mechanism involved has been studied. DCX is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is crucial for adult neurogenesis and neuronal migration and has been associated with poor prognosis in gliomas.

Methods
We probed DCX expression in different grades of glioma tissues and conventional cells via western blotting. Then we analyzed the expression pattern in the Oncomine cancer profiling database. Confocal Immunofluorescence was used to detect DCX expression in the cellular compartments, while subcellular fractionation was probed via western blotting. Pulse shape height analysis was utilized to verify DCX localization in a larger population of cells. Co-immunoprecipitation was used in detecting DCX-import receptors interactions. To probe for DCX functions, stable cells expressing high DCX expression or knockdown were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 viral transfection, while plasmid site-directed mutant constructs were used to validate putative nuclear localization sequence (NLS) predicted via conventional algorithms and comparison with classical NLSs. in-silico modeling was performed to validate DCX interactions with import receptors via the selected putative NLS. Effects of DCX high expression, knockdown, mutation, and/or deletion of putative NLS sites were probed via Boyden’s invasion assay and wound healing migration assays, and viability was detected by CCK8 assays in-vitro, while xenograft tumor model was performed in nude mice.

Results
DCX undergoes nucleocytoplasmic movement via the RanGTPase signaling pathway with an NLS located on the N-terminus between serine47-tyrosine70. This translocation could be stimulated by MARK’s phosphorylation of the serine 47 residue flanking the NLS due to aberrant expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). High expression and nuclear accumulation of DCX improve invasive glioma abilities in-vitro and in-vivo. Moreover, knocking down or blocking DCX nuclear import attenuates invasiveness and proliferation of glioma cells.

Conclusion
Collectively, this study highlights a remarkable phenomenon in glioma, hence revealing potential glioma dependencies on DCX expression, which is amenable to targeted therapy.

Graphical Abstract
Clusters of diet, physical activity, television exposure and sleep habits and their association with adiposity in preschool children: the EDEN mother-child cohort
Authors: Saldanha-Gomes Cécilia , Marbac Matthieu , Sedki Mohammed , Cornet Maxime , Plancoulaine Sabine , Charles Marie-Aline , Lioret Sandrine , Dargent-Molina Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the growing interest in the relation between adiposity in children and different lifestyle clusters, few studies used a longitudinal design to examine a large range of behaviors in various contexts, in particular eating- and sleep-related routines, and few studies have examined these factors in young children. The objectives of this study were to identify clusters of boys and girls based on diet, sleep and activity-related behaviors and their family environment at 2 and 5 years of age, and to assess whether the clusters identified varied across maternal education levels and were associated with body fat at age 5.

Methods
At 2 and 5 years, respectively, 1436 and 1195 parents from the EDEN mother-child cohort completed a questionnaire including behavioral data. A latent class analysis aimed to uncover gender-specific behavioral clusters. Body fat percentage was estimated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements. Association between cluster membership and body fat was assessed with mutivariable linear regression models.

Results
At 2 years, two clusters emerged that were essentially characterized by opposite eating habits. At 5 years, TV exposure was the most distinguishing feature, but the numbers and types of clusters differed by gender. An association between cluster membership and body fat was found only in girls at 5 years of age, with girls in the cluster defined by very high TV exposure and unfavorable mealtime habits (despite high outdoor playing and walking time) having the highest body fat. Girls whose mother had low educational attainment were more likely to be in this high-risk cluster. Girls who were on a cluster evolution path corresponding to the highest TV viewing time and the least favorable mealtime habits from 2 to 5 years of age had higher body fat at 5 years.

Conclusions
Efforts to decrease TV time and improve mealtime routines may hold promise for preventing overweight in young children, especially girls growing up in disadvantaged families. These preventive efforts should start as early in life as possible, ideally before the age of two, and should be sustained over the preschool years.
Reductions to main meal portion sizes reduce daily energy intake regardless of perceived normality of portion size: a 5 day cross-over laboratory experiment
Authors: Haynes Ashleigh , Hardman Charlotte A. , Halford Jason C. G. , Jebb Susan A. , Mead Bethan R. , Robinson Eric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Smaller portions may help to reduce energy intake. However, there may be a limit to the magnitude of the portion size reduction that can be made before consumers respond by increasing intake of other food immediately or at later meals. We tested the theoretical prediction that reductions to portion size would result in a significant reduction to daily energy intake when the resulting portion was visually perceived as ‘normal’ in size, but that a reduction resulting in a ‘smaller than normal’ portion size would cause immediate or later additional eating.

Methods
Over three 5-day periods, daily energy intake was measured in a controlled laboratory study using a randomized crossover design (N = 30). The served portion size of the main meal component of lunch and dinner was manipulated in three conditions: ‘large-normal’ (747 kcal), ‘small-normal’ (543 kcal), and ‘smaller than normal’ (339 kcal). Perceived ‘normality’ of portion sizes was determined by two pilot studies. Ad libitum daily energy intake from all meals and snacks was measured.

Results
Daily energy intake in the ‘large-normal’ condition was 2543 kcals. Daily energy intake was significantly lower in the ‘small-normal’ portion size condition (mean difference − 95 kcal/d, 95% CI [− 184, − 6], p = .04); and was also significantly lower in the ‘smaller than normal’ than the ‘small-normal’ condition (mean difference − 210 kcal/d, 95% CI [− 309, − 111], p < .001). Contrary to predictions, there was no evidence that the degree of additional food consumption observed was greater when portions were reduced past the point of appearing normal in size.

Conclusions
Reductions to the portion size of main-meal foods resulted in significant decreases in daily energy intake. Additional food consumption did not offset this effect, even when portions were reduced to the point that they were no longer perceived as being normal in size.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered protocol and analysis plan: https://osf.io/natws/; retrospectively registered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03811210.
Neural networks and the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depression
Authors: Liu Chun-Hong , Yang Ming-Hao , Zhang Guang-Zhong , Wang Xiao-Xu , Li Bin , Li Meng , Woelfer Marie , Walter Martin , Wang Lihong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively non-invasive alternative treatment for patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been postulated that acupuncture may achieve its treatment effects on MDD through suppression of vagal nerve inflammatory responses. Our previous research established that taVNS significantly increases amygdala–dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity, which is associated with a reduction in depression severity. However, the relationship between taVNS and the central/peripheral functional state of the immune system, as well as changes in brain neural circuits, have not as yet been elucidated. In the present paper, we outline the anatomic foundation of taVNS and emphasize that it significantly modulates the activity and connectivity of a wide range of neural networks, including the default mode network, executive network, and networks involved in emotional and reward circuits. In addition, we present the inflammatory mechanism of MDD and describe how taVNS inhibits central and peripheral inflammation, which is possibly related to the effectiveness of taVNS in reducing depression severity. Our review suggests a link between the suppression of inflammation and changes in brain regions/circuits post taVNS.