bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Assessment in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery and its Impact on Lead Placement
Authors: Krauss Philipp , Oertel Markus Florian , Baumann-Vogel Heide , Imbach Lukas , Baumann Christian Rainer , Sarnthein Johannes , Regli Luca , Stieglitz Lennart Henning 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives While the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat various neurological disorders is undisputed, the surgical methods differ widely and the importance of intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER) or macrostimulation (MS) remains controversially debated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of MER and MS on intraoperative lead placement.
Patients and Methods We included 101 patients who underwent awake bilateral implantation of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus with MER and MS for Parkinson's disease from 2009 to 2017 in a retrospective observational study. We analyzed intraoperative motor outcomes between anatomically planned stimulation point (PSP) and definite stimulation point (DSP), lead adjustments and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Item III (UPDRS-III), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), and adverse events (AE) after 6 months.
Results We adjusted 65/202 leads in 47/101 patients. In adjusted leads, MS results improved significantly when comparing PSP and DSP (p < 0.001), resulting in a number needed to treat of 9.6. After DBS, UPDRS-III and LEDD improved significantly after 6 months in adjusted and nonadjusted patients (p < 0.001). In 87% of leads, the active contact at 6 months still covered the optimal stimulation point during surgery. In total, 15 AE occurred.
Conclusion MER and MS have a relevant impact on the intraoperative decision of final lead placement and prevent from a substantial rate of poor stimulation outcome. The optimal stimulation points during surgery and chronic stimulation strongly overlap. Follow-up UPDRS-III results, LEDD reductions, and DBS-related AE correspond well to previously published data.
Economic hardship and mental health complaints during COVID-19
Authors: Witteveen Dirk , Velthorst Eva 
Published: October 2020

Significance
This study measures the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns on workers’ economic hardship and mental health. In data representative of the active labor force, we document two interconnected layers of rapidly exacerbating inequalities. We find that occupational ranking is highly predictive of experiencing a range of instant economic hardships, such as workload decrease and income loss. Subsequent analyses indicate that such economic hardships lead to much higher prevalence of expressing adverse mental health, including feelings of depression and health anxiety. As the unprecedented societal shock of COVID-19 bears little comparison with prior economic recessions, we assert survey data of the labor force are paramount in understanding how workers’ mental health complaints came about.
The evolution of consonant mutation and noun class marking in Wolof
Authors: Merrill John T. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the origins and evolution of the Wolof (Atlantic: Senegal) consonant mutation and noun class
marking systems. I attribute Wolof mutation to the earlier presence of CV(C)- class prefixes on nouns, the (usually final)
consonants of which fused with the following root-initial consonant to yield the modern mutation alternations. I reconstruct these
original class prefixes using newly-proposed internal and comparative evidence, drawing on early documentary sources dating from
the late 17th century. An understanding of the history of Wolof mutation allows for a better account of the synchronic system, in
which mutation is triggered by specific noun classes rather than sporadically marking deverbal derivation. This study contributes
to the broader understanding of how consonant mutation systems emerge and evolve, and of phonological considerations in noun class
assignment.
On the nature of inverse systems
Authors: Konnerth Linda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious theoretical discussion about inverse systems has largely revolved around the synchronic and diachronic relationship between the inverse and the passive. In contrast, this study argues for the antipassive origins of two inverse constructions in Monsang (Trans-Himalayan), which are used for 3→SAP and 2→1 scenarios. This questions central assumptions from previous accounts about the functional motivation underlying inverse systems, and suggests that strategies of avoiding overt reference may be at play. The diachronic pathway proposed here connects the traditional inverse with other special marking patterns that involve speech act participant objects, in particular the “pseudo-inverse” construction of innovative first person object indexation.
Dispersion relation for transverse waves in pre-stressed irregular single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Selim Mahmoud M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article studies the dispersion relation of transverse waves in an initially stresses single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with surface irregularity using Flügge shell theory. Taking into account the effects of surface irregularity and initial stresses, propagation of transverse waves is studied and dispersion curves are plotted for optical transverse waves in several figures. The effects of surface irregularity and initial stresses are confirmed by comparing obtained numerical results with those in cases of uniform and initial stress–free SWCNT. Obtained results turn out that, the increase of irregularity parameter increases the phase velocity of transverse waves, while the increase of the initial stress parameter decreases the phase velocity of transverse waves propagating in SWCNTs. To the author best knowledge, effects of surface irregularity and initial stresses on transverse waves propagation, especially propagation in single-walled carbon nanotubes, have not been done before. The previous studies were devoted to the uniform and initial stresses-free carbon nanotubes. It should be emphasized that the transverse waves propagation in pre-stressed and irregular single-walled carbon nanotubes is novel, workable, and at the beginning of the path. İn this manner, understanding the influences of surface irregularity as well as initial stresses on the phase velocity of transverse waves may serve as useful references for the applications and designs of nano oscillators and nanodevices, in which single-walled carbon nanotubes act as the most prevalent nanocomposite structural element.
Hyperon weak radiative decay *
Authors: Niu Peng-Yu , Richard Jean-Marc , Wang Qian , Zhao Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We revisit the hyperon weak radiative decays in the framework of the non-relativistic constituent quark model. This study confirms the nonlocal feature of the hyperon weak radiative transition operators, which are dominated by the pole terms, and an overall self-consistent description of the available experimental data for the Cabibbo-favored hyperon weak radiative decays is presented. It provides a natural mechanism for evading the Hara theorem, where sizeable parity-violating contributions can come from the intermediate orbital excitations. Cancellations between pole terms also explain the significant SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking manifested by the experimental data. We also discuss several interesting selection rules arising from either the electromagnetic or the weak interaction vertices. These features suggest nontrivial relations among various hyperon decays.
Development of the models of the magnetic shielding system for ITER neutral beam injectors
Authors: Amoskov V M , Bazarov A M , Kukhtin V P , Lamzin E A , Rodin I Y , Sytchevsky S E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the development of the models of magnetic shielding system for the ITER neutral beam injectors. As the reactor operation is quasistationary, the magnetic field reduction system of the injectors combines a passive magnetic shield and a set of active correction coils. Due to the strict restrictions on the field inside the injectors, precision computations are required during the design stage. A special attention has been paid to possible gaps between steel panels of the passive magnetic shields due to manufacturing and assembly inaccuracies. A set of models with different levels of detail has been built for the convergence study. It was shown that the mesh needs to have tens of millions finite elements to provide the required computational accuracy.
Simulations of parameters of the mirror trap-based neutron source limited by the development of DCLC instability
Authors: Prikhodko V V , Kotelnikov I A , Chernoshtanov I S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The axially symmetric mirror trap with deuterium-tritium plasma is considered as a neutron source for the hybrid reactor. The goal of this study is to select the facility parameters, providing the maximum neutron yield at a fixed input power. The procedure is proposed for verifying the sufficient criterion for stability of the drift-cone ion-cyclotron mode. Within a limited set of configurations under consideration, the maximum fusion reaction power of 5.8 MW is achieved at an input power of 100 MW.
Theory of electron motion in combined magnetic trap under conditions of gyromagnetic autoresonance
Authors: Milant’ev V P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using the Bogolyubov method, the solution of equations of electron motion in a combined mirror-type magnetic trap is obtained in cases when the electron approaches the cyclotron resonance region and when it passes through it. It is assumed that the synchronism between particle and the resonator standing wave is maintained by means of slow time variation of the guiding magnetic field. The problem is solved within the framework of the simplified model using the weakly relativistic approximation.
Deuterium ion beam focusing for the point neutron source development
Authors: Golubev S V , Skalyga V A , Izotov I V , Shaposhnikov R A , Razin S V , Bokhanov A F , Kazakov M Yu , Vybin S S , Kiseleva E M , Shlepnev S P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work is a continuation of the studies on the point neutron source development. In the neutron source scheme proposed, neutron emission occurs in a relatively small region (less than 1 mm) as a result of the D–D fusion reaction initiated when the focused deuterium ion beam hits the deuterium-loaded target. The main goal of the project is to develop a simple and compact device that can be used in the high-quality fast neutron radiography. In the scheme proposed, the ion beam is extracted from the dense ECR discharge plasma that is confined in the simple magnetic mirror trap. After upgrading the extraction system and the magnetic lens, the deuterium ion beam with a total current in the focal plane of up to 150 mA was obtained, which considerably exceeds the current obtained previously. The numerical simulations of the beam magnetic focusing were performed using the IBSimu code and the results were compared to the experimental data.
Effect of plasma density gradients on generation of terahertz radiation in magnetized plasma column during relaxation of kiloampere REB inside it
Authors: Arzhannikov A , Annenkov V , Ivanov I , Kalinin P , Kasatov A , Kuznetsov S , Kuklin K , Makarov M , Mekler K , Popov S , Rovenskikh A , Samtsov D , Sandalov E , Sinitsky S , Stepanov V , Timofeev I , Volchok E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Generation of terahertz radiation in the magnetized plasma column due to the two-stream instability developing in the relativistic electron beam (REB) with a current of 10 kA is studied at the GOL-PET facility. In the first series of the experiments, at the regular transverse plasma density gradients, power of the generated terahertz radiation increased thirty times. At a frequency of the upper-hybrid oscillations (0.2–0.3 THz) and pulse duration of few microseconds, it reached 4 MWs. In the next experiments, when the additional longitudinal density gradients were created in plasma, the radiation power exceeded 10 MWs. These results are described in this paper.
Measurements of energy absorbed in metal foils during their exposure to plasma jet at the Plasma Focus facility
Authors: Kokololtsev V N , Maslyaev S A , Borovitskaya I V , Nikulin V Ya , Silin P V , Peregudova E N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The work presents the results of estimating the energy absorbed in metal foils (copper, aluminium, and vanadium) during their exposure to the high-speed (>107 cm/s) plasma jets generated in a plasma focus facility. The absorbed energy was calculated under assumption that the plasma jet power is not too high, which allowed us to neglect the loss of material due to evaporation. In this case, when the foils were exposed to the single plasma jet, the amount of absorbed energy was determined using data on the mass of the molten metal layer and the ablated melt mass. The energy absorbed in the Al, Cu and V foils calculated in this way turned out to be ~6.5, 5 and 2.1 J, respectively, which is considerably less than the plasma jet energy, which is of the of the order ~100 J.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Husimi Q-functions in extended Dicke model
Authors: Seidov S S , Mukhin S I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the emergence of a parity breaking coherent photonic state of a photon mode coupled to finite array of two-level systems, represented by pseudospins 1/2. The pseudospin-photon interaction is realised via a shift of the photonic oscillator equilibrium position by an amount linear in Cartesian component of the total pseudospin. We demonstrate analytically, that the instability is manifested in an upturn from concave to convex of the ground state energy dependence on the total pseudospin component coupled to the photons. The perturbation, sufficient for parity breaking, tends to zero in the ultrastrong limit of light–matter coupling. We present phase diagram of finite pseudospin-photon system, that demonstrates this feature. Evolution of Husimi Q-functions of the pseudospin and photon subsystems, and of the pseudospin entropy, along different trajectories across the phase diagram is presented.
Electromechanical impedance measurements for bone health monitoring through teeth used as probes of a Piezo-device
Authors: Cardona Carlos I , Tinoco Hector A , Marín-Berrio Maribel L F , García-Grisales Juliana , Gomez Juan P , Roldan-Restrepo Samuel I , Ortiz-Jimenez Juliana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bone is a dynamic biological tissue that acts as the primary rigid support of the body. Several systemic factors are responsible for pathologies that negatively affect its structural attributes. Although the bone is in continuous renewal by osteogenesis, metabolic diseases are the most common affectations that alter its natural equilibrium. Different techniques based on ionizing radiation are used for the bone diagnosis restrictively. However, if these are not used adequately, the application could present risks for human health. In this paper, it is proposed and explored a new technique to apply an early-stage diagnosis of bone variations. The technique evaluates bone structural conditions from the teeth (used as probes) by applying a structural health monitoring (SHM) methodology. An experimental procedure is described to identify the stiffness variations produced by mechanical drillings done in prepared bone samples. The identification is carried out applying the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI) through a piezo-actuated device in the frequency spectrum 5–20kHz. Three bone samples with incorporated teeth (three teeth, two teeth, and one tooth) were prepared to emulate a mandibular portion of alveolar bone-PDL (periodontal ligament)-tooth system. Piezo-device was attached to the crown of the tooth with an orthodontic bracket allowing the teeth to act as probes. The electrical resistance measurements were computed with an electrical decoupling approach that improved the detection of the drillings; it was due to the increment of the sensitivity of the signals. The results showed that the bone mass reduction is correlated with statistical indices obtained in specific frequency intervals of the electrical resistance. This work suggests the possibility of a future application addressed to a bone diagnosis in a non-invasive way.
Quantum computation of eigenvalues within target intervals
Authors: Jensen Phillip W K , Kristensen Lasse Bjørn , Kottmann Jakob S , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is widespread interest in calculating the energy spectrum of a Hamiltonian, for example to analyze optical spectra and energy deposition by ions in materials. In this study, we propose a quantum algorithm that samples the set of energies within a target energy-interval without requiring good approximations of the target energy-eigenstates. We discuss the implementation of direct and iterative amplification protocols and give resource and runtime estimates. We illustrate initial applications by amplifying excited states on molecular hydrogen.
Prepubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls
Authors: Knight Julia A , Kehm Rebecca D , Schwartz Lisa , Frost Caren J , Chung Wendy K , Colonna Sarah , Keegan Theresa H M , Goldberg Mandy , Houghton Lauren C , Hanna Danielle , Glendon Gord , Daly Mary B , Buys Saundra S , Andrulis Irene L , John Esther M , Bradbury Angela R , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStressful environments have been associated with earlier menarche. We hypothesized that anxiety, and possibly other internalizing symptoms, are also associated with earlier puberty in girls. The Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics of Adult Cancer From Youth (LEGACY) Girls Study (2011–2016) included 1,040 girls aged 6–13 years at recruitment whose growth and development were assessed every 6 months. Prepubertal maternal reports of daughter’s internalizing symptoms were available for breast onset (n = 447), pubic hair onset (n = 456), and menarche (n = 681). Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated prospective hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between 1 standard deviation of the percentiles of prepubertal anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms and the timing of each pubertal outcome. Multivariable models included age, race/ethnicity, study center, maternal education, body mass index percentile, and family history of breast cancer. Additional models included maternal self-reported anxiety. A 1–standard deviation increase in maternally reported anxiety in girls at baseline was associated with earlier subsequent onset of breast (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.36) and pubic hair (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30) development, but not menarche (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.07). The association of anxiety with earlier breast development persisted after adjustment for maternal anxiety. Increased anxiety in young girls may indicate risk for earlier pubertal onset.
FEATS: feature selection-based clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Vans Edwin , Patil Ashwini , Sharma Alok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Advances in next-generation sequencing have made it possible to carry out transcriptomic studies at single-cell resolution and generate vast amounts of single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data rapidly. Thus, tools to analyze this data need to evolve as well as to improve accuracy and efficiency.

Results
We present FEATS, a Python software package, that performs clustering on single-cell RNA-seq data. FEATS is capable of performing multiple tasks such as estimating the number of clusters, conducting outlier detection and integrating data from various experiments. We develop a univariate feature selection-based approach for clustering, which involves the selection of top informative features to improve clustering performance. This is motivated by the fact that cell types are often manually determined using the expression of only a few known marker genes. On a variety of single-cell RNA-seq datasets, FEATS gives superior performance compared with the current tools, in terms of adjusted Rand index and estimating the number of clusters. It achieves a 22% improvement in clustering and more accurately estimates the number of clusters when compared with other tools. In addition to cluster estimation, FEATS also performs outlier detection and data integration while giving an excellent computational performance. Thus, FEATS is a comprehensive clustering tool capable of addressing the challenges during the clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data.

Availability
The installation instructions and documentation of FEATS is available at https://edwinv87.github.io/feats/.

Supplementary Data
Supplementary data are available online at https://academic.oup.com/bib.
Systematic characterization and prediction of coenzyme A-associated proteins using sequence and network information
Authors: Fan Bing-Liang , Jiang Zheng , Sun Jun , Liu Rong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coenzyme A-associated proteins (CAPs) are a category of functionally important proteins involved in multiple biological processes through interactions with coenzyme A (CoA). To date, unfortunately, the specific differences between CAPs and other proteins have yet to be systemically investigated. Moreover, there are no computational methods that can be used specifically to predict these proteins. Herein, we characterized CAPs from multifaceted viewpoints and revealed their specific preferences. Compared with other proteins, CAPs were more likely to possess binding regions for CoA and its derivatives, were evolutionarily highly conserved, exhibited ordered and hydrophobic structural conformations, and tended to be densely located in protein–protein interaction networks. Based on these biological insights, we built seven classifiers using predicted CoA-binding residue distributions, word embedding vectors, remote homolog numbers, evolutionary conservation, amino acid composition, predicted structural features and network properties. These classifiers could effectively identify CAPs in Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Arabidopsis thaliana. The complementarity among the individual classifiers prompted us to build a two-layer stacking model named CAPE for improving prediction performance. We applied CAPE to identify some high-confidence candidates in the three species, which were tightly associated with the known functions of CAPs. Finally, we extended our algorithm to cross-species prediction, thereby developing a generic CAP prediction model. In summary, this work provides a comprehensive survey and an effective predictor for CAPs, which can help uncover the interplay between CoA and functionally relevant proteins.
Deep learning for brain disorders: from data processing to disease treatment
Authors: Burgos Ninon , Bottani Simona , Faouzi Johann , Thibeau-Sutre Elina , Colliot Olivier 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to reach precision medicine and improve patients’ quality of life, machine learning is increasingly used in medicine. Brain disorders are often complex and heterogeneous, and several modalities such as demographic, clinical, imaging, genetics and environmental data have been studied to improve their understanding. Deep learning, a subpart of machine learning, provides complex algorithms that can learn from such various data. It has become state of the art in numerous fields, including computer vision and natural language processing, and is also growingly applied in medicine. In this article, we review the use of deep learning for brain disorders. More specifically, we identify the main applications, the concerned disorders and the types of architectures and data used. Finally, we provide guidelines to bridge the gap between research studies and clinical routine.