bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyaniline/mesoporous carbon composites as promising materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Gutnik I V , Dyachkova T P , Burakova E A , Gavrilov I A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The surface modification of mesoporous carbon with polyaniline was carried out by the method of oxidative polymerization of aniline. It was found that the initial conditions for the synthesis and the percentage of carbon template in the reaction mixture have little effect on the course of temperature dependencies. However, these parameters affect the yield of the target product and the electrically conductive characteristics of the resulting materials. Composites with a polyaniline/mesoporous carbon mass ratio of 1:1 have better electrical conductivity. The electrical capacity of these samples in the aqueous electrolyte is 299.6 F/g, which is 3.5 times higher than in the organic electrolyte. Information on the polyaniline in the modifying layer on the surface of the mesoporous carbon was obtained by the method of Raman spectroscopy.
Investigation of the properties of carbon quantum dots synthesized by the hydrothermal method
Authors: Smagulova S , Egorova M , Tomskaya A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots have a number of advantages and can be widely used as a material for photodetectors, chemical element detectors, biosensors, and for various optoelectronic applications. The optimal conditions for the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots from glucose are considered. Carbon quantum dots, having an amorphous-crystalline structure with functional surface groups, were obtained. Luminescence spectra of these dots showed the presence of bright luminescence in the green region. The dependences of the luminescence spectra as a function of the excitation length were measured. Experiments on the functionalization of the carbon quantum dots with chromophores were carried out in order to study their effect on the luminescence intensity.
Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene terephthalate-reduced graphene oxide composites
Authors: Mikhaylov P A , Vinogradov M I , Levin I S , Shandryuk G A , Lubenchenko A V , Kulichikhin V G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy means ofin situmelt polycondensation of polyethylenterephathalate accompanied with simultaneous reduction of introduced graphene oxide, the composite of polyethylenterephathalate filled with reduced graphene oxide was prepared. Melting and crystallization of the reduced graphene oxide – polyethyleneterephthalate composite was studied by the differential scanning calorimetry method, and the rheological test was carried out by rotational rheometry and compared to the pristine polyethylenterephathalate. The morphology of the reduced graphene oxide – polyethyleneterephthalate composite was studied using optical microscopy. The reduced graphene oxide was isolated from the reduced graphene oxide – polyethyleneterephthalate composite and characterized by thermogravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction methods. Since a part of polymer could not be removed from reduced graphene oxide particles by trifluoroacetic acid, the hypothesis about probable grafting of polyethyleneterephthalate on reduced graphene oxide sheets was suggested. Rheological behaviour of the reduced graphene oxide – polyethyleneterephthalate composite melt confirms this suggestion. According to the calculations based on thermogravimetry, the reduced graphene oxide, isolated from the reduced graphene oxide – polyethyleneterephthalate composite, consists of about 80% polyethyleneterephthalate.
Kinetic studies on toluene removal from aqueous solutions using carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kucherova A , Shubin I , Yermakov A , Gerasimova A , Memetov N , Popova A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effectiveness of Taunit-M carbon nanotubes in removing toluene from aqueous media was studied. Adsorption kinetic data were analyzed implementing the simple Weber-Morris diffusion model and very common phenomenological models (Lagergren and Ho-McKay) which simulate mass transfer processes through using formal equations for chemical kinetics. Investigating the correspondence of the experimental data to different models as regards adsorption kinetics, it can be should assumed that the toluene adsorption on the carbon nanotubes represents a two-stage process consisting of the phenomena of diffusive transfer and adsorption itself. The analysis of the temperature effect on the equilibrium sorption shows that the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) values vary in the range typical of adsorption interactions.
Studying the fire hazard properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the method of synchronous thermal analysis
Authors: Dan V , Barbin N , Bezzaponnaya O , Terentiev D , Alexeev S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present paper considers oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes at different heating rates and temperatures to ensure the process in the kinetic region. The nanotubes were analyzed by the method of synchronous thermal analysis. Experiments were carried out at different heating rates: 5, 10 and 20 °C/min. As a result, the character of thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curves was determined, and thermograms were constructed, thereby allowing to define weight loss stages and establish exact weight loss values at a programmed temperature increase. Besides, the temperature characterized by the maximum weight loss rate was established. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the maximum temperature of endothermic and exothermic peaks, as well as changes in thermal effects (enthalpy changes). The most important indicators of fire hazard of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes – ignition and self-ignition temperature – were determined. The ignition temperature was approximately equal to the temperature of the beginning of the thermal distortion of the sample in the air – 553.7, 578.6 and 584.3 °C for the heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 °C/min, respectively. The self-ignition temperature corresponded to the temperature of the maximum yield of volatiles – 627.5, 651.9 and 670.8 °C for the heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 °C/min, respectively.
The use of concrete and epoxy resin, modified with few-layer graphene for the production, repairs, and strengthening of concrete beams
Authors: Pershin V , Al-Shiblawi K A , Al-Mashhadani A M R , Pasko A , Melekhin D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the modification of concrete and epoxy resin with a 2D carbon material (2DCM) obtained by liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. It was experimentally established that the three-point bending strength of graphene-modified samples (0.05 wt.% of graphene in cement) in 1.5 times greater than that of pristine (unmodified) concrete. The water absorption of concrete modified with the 2DCM was found to decrease by 3 times. A method, differing from the known ones where few-layered graphene is obtained directly in the hardener through shear exfoliation of graphite, was developed for modifying the ED-20 epoxy resin using the 2DCM. It allowed us to increase the Charpy impact strength by 25-30 %. The tensile and bending strength were increased by 10 %. The test results of the restored beams after breaking at three-point bending, as well as on the adhesion of the reinforcing fabric to concrete, revealed a synergistic effect while using the concrete and epoxy resin modified with the 2DCM.
Vortex mode transformation interferometry
Authors: Damzen Michael J , Kerridge-Johns William R , Geberbauer J W T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Whilst many techniques exist for generation of an optical vortex, there remains a need for new devices and methods that can also provide vortex generation with higher powers, greater flexibility of wavelength, and generation beyond the lowest-order Laguerre–Gaussian

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mode to address a broader range of practical applications. This work reveals how an all-mirror based interferometric mode transformation system can provide these properties including revealing, for the first time, the generation of a much richer set of vortex mode patterns than might have been thought possible previously. A new developed theoretical formulation, confirmed with excellent agreement by experimental demonstrations in an imbalanced Sagnac interferometer, shows interferometric transformation is possible for all orders of Laguerre–Gaussian

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modes into a rich set of high quality higher-order vortex and vortex superposition. The interferometric approach is shown to be configurable to increase or decrease vorticity. The new mathematical formulation provides the ability to perform a full modal power analysis of both the mode-transformed transmitted vortex and the complementary reflected beam at the Sagnac beamsplitter (BS) port. A discussion is made on the origin of the orbital angular momentum transferred to the vortex output from the Sagnac BS.
Generation of mixed mode I/II failure criteria from MMB specimens: an experimental study
Authors: Alfred Franklin  , Christopher T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Characterization of resistance to delamination is of great importance in selection of composite material. Mixed mode delamination is one of the most serious failure modes in aerospace composites. This article examines the delamination behaviour of mixed mode bending (MMB) test specimens made of glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composites. Literature published test data on different composites have been utilzed to identify the best suited failure criterion. Benzeggagh-Kenane (B-K) criterion as well as the polynomial criteria are used to generate failure envelopes from the fracture toughness data of composite specimens. Experiments were conducted on unidirectional fiber reinforced epoxy MMB specimens to analyze the failure trend of laminated composites and to validate the proposed polynomial criteria. Present investigations reveal that both B-K and polynomial criteria fit well for unidirectional specimens and cubic polynomial criterion fits well for angle-ply specimens.
Corrosion performance of hydroxyapaite and hydroxyapaite/titania bond coating for biomedical applications
Authors: Bedi Tejpreet Singh , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of current investigation is to access in-vitro corrosion performance of flame sprayed titania (TiO2) coated 316L stainless steel, hydroxyapatite (HAp) coated, hydroxyapatite/titania bond coated (HAp/TiO2) 316L stainless steel and plasma sprayed zirconia (ZrO2) coated 316L stainless steel. In HAp/TiO2 bond coatings, TiO2 was utilize as a bond coat between the 316L stainless steel substrate and HAp top coat. The different characterization methods such as SEM, EDS, XRD and electrochemical methods were used to analyse the electrochemical characteristics as well as microstructural morphology phases of the coatings. In addition the corrosion behavior of the coated and uncoated samples was performed in simulated body fluid. The tests were carried out for potentio-dynamic polarization and open circuit potential. The experimental results reveal that after the deposition of bond coatings (HAp, TiO2, ZrO2 and HAp/TiO2) the corrosion resistance of the steel was observed to increase.
Law and Inclusive Urban Development: Lessons from Chile’s Enabling Markets Housing Policy Regime
Authors: Mc Cawley Diego Gil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This Article addresses the recent international trend in development theory and practice towards an “enabling markets” approach in housing policy. This approach delegates to housing markets the responsibility of providing affordable housing and therefore limits the role of government to stimulating the private sector through targeted subsidies. I ask whether an enabling markets policy constitutes an adequate regulatory strategy for the provision of sustainable housing solutions for the urban poor. I explore this question through an in-depth case study of Chile’s housing policy regime, which was a pioneer in the implementation of an enabling markets strategy; for over four decades, successive governments have been able to provide access to housing to a vast portion of low-income residents, in the context of a regulatory framework that favors private real estate development. However, this success story is marred by an important failure. Through its market-based regime, Chile has routinely clustered low-income families on cheap land, usually located at the periphery of the country’s urban centers, and often in areas with poor public and private services. The main argument I present in this Article is that Chile’s commitment towards an enabling markets regulatory regime has helped to reinforce the pattern of urban exclusion, and has prevented the government from experimenting with alternative policy strategies that may be more effective in promoting inclusionary housing. The main limitation of the enabling markets strategy is that it assumes that the delivery of targeted subsidies will generate an adequate supply of affordable housing for the low-income sector. The Chilean experience shows that this assumption is false, because subsidies are rarely sufficient to enable beneficiaries to compete for well-located housing, while private companies have strong incentives to agglomerate low-income housing in the least desirable urban areas. I argue that, in order to promote urban inclusion, governments need to experiment with an alternative policy strategy that I call a “planning housing markets” approach, which involves using land-use governance mechanisms to ensure that low-income housing is fairly distributed within cities.
Point-group symmetry detection in three-dimensional charge density of biomolecules
Authors: Reboul Cyril F , Kiesewetter Simon , Elmlund Dominika , Elmlund Hans 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Motivation
No rigorous statistical tests for detecting point-group symmetry in three-dimensional (3D) charge density maps obtained by electron microscopy (EM) and related techniques have been developed.

Results
We propose a method for determining the point-group symmetry of 3D charge density maps obtained by EM and related techniques. Our ab initio algorithm does not depend on atomic coordinates but utilizes the density map directly. We validate the approach for a range of publicly available single-particle cryo-EM datasets. In straightforward cases, our method enables fully automated single-particle 3D reconstruction without having to input an arbitrarily selected point-group symmetry. When pseudo-symmetry is present, our method provides statistics quantifying the degree to which the 3D density agrees with the different point-groups tested.

Availability and implementation
The software is freely available at https://github.com/hael/SIMPLE3.0.
Efficient, D-glucose insensitive, growth on D-xylose by an evolutionary engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
Authors: Nijland Jeroen G , Li Xiang , Shin Hyun Yong , de Waal Paul P , Driessen Arnold J M 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Optimizing D-xylose consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cost-efficient cellulosic bioethanol production. An evolutionary engineering approach was used to elevate D-xylose consumption in a xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain carrying the D-xylose-specific N367I mutation in the endogenous chimeric Hxt36 hexose transporter. This strain carries a quadruple hexokinase deletion that prevents glucose utilization, and allows for selection of improved growth rates on D-xylose in the presence of high D-glucose concentrations. Evolutionary engineering resulted in D-glucose-insensitive growth and consumption of D-xylose, which could be attributed to glucose insensitive D-xylose uptake via a novel chimeric Hxt37 N367I transporter that emerged from a fusion of the HXT36 and HXT7 genes, and a down regulation of a set of Hxt transporters that mediate glucose sensitive xylose transport. RNA sequencing revealed the downregulation of HXT1 and HXT2 which, together with the deletion of HXT7, resulted in a 21% reduction of the expression of all plasma membrane transporters genes. Morphological analysis showed an increased cell size and corresponding increased cell surface area of the evolved strain, which could be attributed to genome duplication. Mixed strain fermentation of the D-xylose-consuming strain DS71054-evo6 with the D-glucose consuming CEN.PK113–7D strain resulted in decreased residual sugar concentrations and improved ethanol production yields compared to a strain which sequentially consumes D-glucose and D-xylose.
Father of the Bride, or the Biologization of Social Animosity in Nazi Germany, 1937–1941*
Authors: Teicher Amir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 1937, to his great dismay, Nazi ethnologist Otto Reche discovered that his daughter’s suitor came from a family ‘hereditarily burdened’ with mental diseases. A strong proponent of eugenics, Reche was determined to thwart the looming wedding. He turned to the highest authority on such matters, genetic-psychiatrist Ernst Rüdin, and asked him to furnish the evidence that the planned marriage was biologically undesirable. Reche’s daughter, however, was resolute in her choice, and the familial dispute soon escalated to involve the highest echelons of the Nazi state. A detailed micro-historical reconstruction of the affair exposes the way in which racial-hygienic doctrine, class resentment, inter-generational conflict and personal animosity became interwoven in the daily lives—and loves—of Germans under the Nazi regime.
‘Everyone knows grandma’. Pathways to gambling venues in regional Australia
Authors: Bestman Amy , Thomas Samantha L , Randle Melanie , Pitt Hannah , Cassidy Rebecca , Daube Mike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn regional Australia, families (including children), attend community venues that contain gambling products, such as electronic gambling machines (EGMs), for a range of non-gambling reasons. However, there is a gap in research that seeks to understand how these venues may become embedded into family social practices. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and cultural capital, this paper aimed to explore factors that influence family decisions to attend venues and perceptions of risk associated with children’s exposure to gambling products. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 parents who attended community gambling venues with their children, in New South Wales, Australia. Families attended venues for three key reasons, first because of the influence of others in their social networks, second for regular social activities and third because of structural factors such as a lack of alternative, affordable, family friendly environments in their local area. Despite recognizing the harm associated with EGMs, parents distanced themselves from EGM harm with all parents perceiving venues to be an appropriate space for families. Research in this study indicates that family social practices within venues affect perceptions of risk associated with community gambling venues. The impact of these practices on longer-term health requires more investigation by public health and health promotion researchers and practitioners. Health promotion initiatives should consider identifying alternative sources of support and/or developing alternative social spaces for families in regional communities that do not contain gambling products.
Intent-to-cure surgery for small-cell lung cancer in the era of contemporary screening and staging methods
Authors: Chenesseau Joséphine , Bourlard Donatienne , Cluzel Armand , Trousse Delphine , D’Journo Xavier-Benoît , Thomas Pascal Alexandre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to report on the contemporaneous single-centre experience of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who had lung resection with curative intent.

METHODS
Between 2005 and 2018, 31 patients were operated on for SCLC with curative intent. There were 11 women and 20 men whose ages averaged 63 ± 10 years. The clinical diagnosis was incidental in 16 patients (51.6%). All patients were screened with high-resolution computed tomography, positron emission tomography and brain imaging. Eight patients (25.8%) had invasive mediastinal lymph node staging.

RESULTS
Preoperative tissue diagnosis was unknown or erroneous in 26 patients (83.9%). Lung resections comprised mainly lobectomies (n = 23; 74.2%). Lymphadenectomies harvested a mean of 16.3 ± 3 lymph nodes, leading to upstaging in 38.7% of the cases. An R0 resection was achieved in 28 patients (90.3%). Pathological analysis disclosed pure small cell histological specimens in 24 patients (77.4%). There were no 90-day deaths. Perioperative platinum-based chemotherapy was performed in 27 patients (87.1%); adjuvant thoracic irradiation, in 7 (50%) of the 14 N+ patients; and prophylactic cranial irradiation, in 8 (29.6%) of the 27 potential candidates. Overall, disease-free and disease-specific survival rates at 5 years were 32.9 ± 10%, 35.2 ± 10% and 44.1 ± 11.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the use of contemporary screening and staging methods, selection of SCLC candidates for surgery remained haphazard, surgery was typically performed in ignorance of the actual histological and adherence to treatment guidelines was inconsistent. Nevertheless, one-third of patients with SCLC who were operated on were cured, even in cases of regional or oligometastatic disease.
Spatially Explicit Changes in Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Populations in Three South Texas Potato Fields
Authors: Henne Don C , Thinakaran Jenita 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsect abundance is commonly recorded in the form of discrete counts taken from plants. Analyses of these counts provide information about spatial distributions and population structure. A study was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during April and May 2014 to determine how populations of potato psyllids [Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)] within three potato fields change over time. It was found that potato psyllid populations in these potato fields frequently changed both spatially and temporally. Chi-square goodness of fit tests and Akaike’s Information Criterion indicated that the frequency distributions of potato psyllid counts conformed to a negative binomial distribution, implying an aggregated spatial pattern. Variance–mean ratios were always much larger than one, also implying spatially clumped populations. However, with a few exceptions, a Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs analysis showed that potato psyllid counts were mostly random in space, the clumping generally occurring on individual potato plants and rarely involving groups of potato plants in close proximity. Trends in proportions of plants infested by at least one potato psyllid and the clumping parameter k were similar for all three potato fields. Potato psyllid spatial population structure is a dynamic process that involves continuous adult movements leading to substantial redistribution of potato psyllids over limited time spans of 2 to 3 d. By capturing elements of their spatial and temporal patterns of redistribution, the study reported here is a step towards a better understanding of the population dynamics and movement of potato psyllids.