bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Decellularized Muscle Scaffold Is Less Fibrogenic and Inflammatory than Acellular Dermal Matrices in a Rat Model of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Iyer Hari , Lanier Steven , Dolivo David , Arenas Gabriel A. , Hong Seok Jong , Mustoe Thomas A. , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Skeletal muscle trauma can produce grave functional deficits, but therapeutic options remain limited. The authors studied whether a decellularized skeletal muscle scaffold would provide benefits in inducing skeletal muscle regeneration over acellular dermal matrices.

Methods:
Eighty-two rat muscle defects were surgically created and assigned to no intervention or implantation of AlloDerm, Strattice, decellularized rat muscle, or decellularized rat dermis to 30 or 60 days. Decellularized rat muscle and dermis were prepared using a negative pressure–assisted protocol. Assessment for cellularity, neovascularization, myogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis were done histologically and by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Histology showed relative hypercellularity of AlloDerm (p < 0.003); Strattice appeared encapsulated. Immunofluorescence for CD31 and myosin heavy chain in decellularized rat muscle revealed dense microvasculature and peripheral islands of myogenesis. MyoD expression in muscle scaffolds was 23-fold higher than in controls (p < 0.01). Decellularized rat muscle showed no up-regulation of COX-2 (p < 0.05), with less expression than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.002). Decellularized rat muscle scaffolds expressed tumor necrosis factor-α less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.01); collagen-1a less than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.04); α-smooth muscle actin 7-fold less than AlloDerm (p = 0.04); and connective tissue growth factor less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.02).

Conclusion:
Decellularized muscle matrix appears to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in an animal muscle defect as compared with dermal matrices and promotes greater expression of myocyte differentiation-inducing genes.
Quantifying the Dynamics of HIV Decline in Perinatally Infected Neonates on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Morris Sinead E. , Dziobek-Garrett Luise , Strehlau Renate , Schröter Juliane , Shiau Stephanie , Anelone Anet J. N. , Paximadis Maria , de Boer Rob J. , Abrams Elaine J. , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Kuhn Louise , Yates Andrew J. ,   on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium and the LEOPARD study team
Published: June 2020

Background:Mathematical modeling has provided important insights into HIV infection dynamics in adults undergoing antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, much less is known about the corresponding dynamics in perinatally infected neonates initiating early ART.Setting:From 2014 to 2017, HIV viral load (VL) was monitored in 122 perinatally infected infants identified at birth and initiating ART within a median of 2 days. Pretreatment infant and maternal covariates, including CD4 T cell counts and percentages, were also measured.Methods:From the initial cohort, 53 infants demonstrated consistent decline and suppressed VL below the detection threshold (20 copies mL−1) within 1 year. For 43 of these infants with sufficient VL data, we fit a mathematical model describing the loss of short-lived and long-lived infected cells during ART. We then estimated the lifespans of infected cells and the time to viral suppression, and tested for correlations with pretreatment covariates.Results:Most parameters governing the kinetics of VL decline were consistent with those obtained previously from adults and other infants. However, our estimates of the lifespan of short-lived infected cells were longer than published values. This difference may reflect sparse sampling during the early stages of VL decline, when the loss of short-lived cells is most apparent. In addition, infants with higher pretreatment CD4 percentage or lower pretreatment VL trended toward more rapid viral suppression.Conclusions:HIV dynamics in perinatally infected neonates initiating early ART are broadly similar to those observed in other age groups. Accelerated viral suppression is also associated with higher CD4 percentage and lower VL.
Association Between Hospital Accreditation and Outcomes: The Analysis of Inhospital Mortality From the National Claims Data of the Universal Coverage Scheme in Thailand
Authors: Sriratanaban Jiruth , Ngamkiatpaisarn Sureerat , Charoenmukayananta Suwaree 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In Thailand, hospital accreditation (HA) is widely recognized as one of the system tools to promote effective operation of universal health coverage. This nationwide study aims to examine the relationship between accredited statuses of the provincial hospitals and their mortality outcomes.

Method:
A 5-year retrospective analysis of the Universal Coverage Scheme's claim dataset was conducted, using 1 297 869 inpatient discharges from 76 provincial hospital networks under the Ministry of Public Health. Mortality outcomes of 3 major acute care conditions, including acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, and sepsis, were selected.

Results:
Using generalized estimating equations to adjust for area-based control variables, hospital networks with HA-accredited provincial hospitals showed significant associations with lower standardized mortality ratios of acute stroke and sepsis.

Conclusion:
Our findings added supportive evidence that HA, as an organizational and health system management tool, could help promote hospital quality and safety in a developing country, leading to better outcomes.
Improving Asthma Conditions for Children and Adolescents by Expanding the Statewide Learning Collaborative Model Through Health Homes
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Johnson Heather H. , Benton Elizabeth Cason 
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives:
Asthma is one of the most common diseases among children in the United States. Increasing provider adherence to national asthma guidelines and connecting patients to Health Homes can increase optimal asthma care. The objectives of this article are to report the results of an asthma learning collaborative and explore the role of Health Homes in contributing to its success.

Methods:
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected regarding the experiences of 14 pediatric primary care practices and 6 Health Homes participating in a 9-month learning collaborative.

Results:
Practices exceeded process aims of 80% compliance with optimal asthma care and the use of an Asthma Action Plan among patients aged 2 to 21 years. Health Home care coordinators also reported improvements in self-management strategies for asthma conditions, including the presence of an Asthma Action Plan, medications, spacers, and proper spacing techniques. Providers and Health Home care coordinators identified role clarity, mitigation of environmental triggers, and management of asthma conditions as benefits of the experience.

Conclusions:
The results of this asthma learning collaborative increased provider adherence to national guidelines and significantly improved optimal asthma care for patients. This multipronged, holistic approach to asthma care proved successful for controlling and maintaining asthma conditions among patients.
Applying epigenetic science to the understanding of eating disorders: a promising paradigm for research and practice
Authors: Booij Linda , Steiger Howard 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Studies indicate that environmental factors, acting at various moments throughout the life cycle, can result in epigenetically mediated alterations in gene expression. In this article, we review recent findings on the role of epigenetic factors in eating disorders, address methodological issues that need to be considered when interpreting research findings, and comment on possible clinical applications.

Recent findings
Evidence suggests that eating disorders implicate alterations of methylation in genes involved in the mental status, metabolism, anthropometric features and immunity. Furthermore, some research in individuals with anorexia nervosa suggests the presence of reversible, malnutrition-induced epigenetic alterations that ‘reset’ as patients recover.

Summary
Epigenetic studies in the eating disorders corroborate the idea that eating disorder cause is multifactorial, and identify markers that could help inform our understanding of illness staging and subtyping that may explain the commonly progressive course of these disorders, and that may provide insights towards the development of novel interventions. Already, there is evidence to suggest that, in people with eating disorders, epigenetically informed interventions help reduce stigma and shame, and increase self-acceptance and hopes of recovery. Although findings are intriguing, further research is required as, to date, studies apply modest sample sizes and disparate methodologies.
A DEAD BOX RNA helicase fromMedicago truncatulais hijacked by an RNA-binding effector from the root pathogenAphanomyces euteichesto facilitate host infection
Authors: Camborde L. , Kiselev A. , Pel M.J.C. , Leru A. , Jauneau A. , Pouzet C. , Dumas B. , Gaulin E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrobial effectors from plant pathogens are molecules that target host components to facilitate colonization. While eukaryotic pathogens are virtually able to produce hundreds of effectors, the molecular mechanisms allowing effectors to promote infection are still largely unexplored. Here we show that the effector AeSSP1256 from the soilborne oomycete pathogenAphanomyces euteichesis able to interact with plant RNA. Heterologous expression of AeSSP1256 delaysMedicago truncatulahost roots development and facilitate pathogen colonization. Transcriptomic analyses of AeSSP1256-expressing roots show a downregulation of genes implicated in ribosome biogenesis pathway. A yeast-two hybrid approach reveals that AeSSP1256 associates with a nucleolar L7 ribosomal protein and aM. truncatulaRNA helicase (MtRH10) orthologous to the Arabidopsis RNA helicase RH10. Association of AeSSP1256 with MtRH10 impaired the capacity of MtRH10 to bind nucleic acids. Promoter:GUS composite plants revealed that MtRH10 is expressed preferentially in the meristematic root cells. Missense MtRH10 plants displayed shorter roots with developmental delay and are more susceptible toA. euteichesinfection. These results show that the effector AeSSP1256 facilitates pathogen infection by causing stress on plant ribosome biogenesis and by hijacking a host RNA helicase involved in root development and resistance to root pathogens.
Intracranial recordings reveal ubiquitous in-phase and in-antiphase functional connectivity between homotopic brain regions in humans
Authors: O’Reilly Christian , Elsabbagh Mayada 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhether neuronal populations exhibit zero-lag (in-phase or in-antiphase) functional connectivity is a fundamental question when conceptualizing communication between cell assemblies. It also has profound implications on how we assess such interactions. Given that the brain is a delayed network due to the finite conduction velocity of the electrical impulses traveling across its fibers, the existence of long-distance zero-lag functional connectivity may be considered improbable. However, in this study, using human intracranial recordings we demonstrate that most interhemispheric connectivity between homotopic cerebral regions is zero-lagged and that this type of connectivity is ubiquitous. Volume conduction can be safely discarded as a confounding factor since it is known to drop almost completely within short inter-electrode distances (< 20 mm) in intracranial recordings. This finding should guide future electrophysiological connectivity studies and highlight the importance of considering the role of zero-lag connectivity in our understanding of communication between cell assemblies.Significance statementBy analysing the functional connectivity between pairs of intracranial electrodes, we demonstrate that corresponding regions from the two cerebral hemispheres show oscillatory activity synchronized without any delay. Most often, these synchronized oscillations have an inverted amplitude, suggesting that the hemispheres inhibit one another in alternance. The existence of such synchronous activity between homotopic brain regions has important implications on how we understand communication between brain regions and on how we assess neuronal functional connectivity. Our results show that controlling the confounding effect of volume conduction by discarding instantaneous synchrony may result in missing important brain dynamics.Graphical abstractGraphical abstract textOffset PLI and standard PLI (sensitive and insensitive to zero-lag connectivity, respectively) for pairs of electrodes separated by more than 105 mm, plotted against their homotopic distance. Significant connectivity (dots above the red dashed line) is found only between homotopic regions and mostly for zero-lag connectivity (offset-PLI).
Female reproductive tract has low concentration of SARS-CoV2 receptors
Authors: Goad Jyoti , Rudolph Joshua , Rajkovic Aleksandar 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThere has been significant concern regarding fertility and reproductive outcomes during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Recent data suggests a high concentration of SARS-Cov2 receptors,ACE2orTMPRSS2, in nasal epithelium and cornea, which explains person-to-person transmission. We investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 receptors among reproductive tissues by exploring the single-cell sequencing datasets from uterus, myometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, and breast epithelium. We did not detect significant expression of eitherACE2orTMPRSS2in the normal human myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, or breast. Furthermore, none of the cell types in the female reproductive organs we investigated, showed the co-expression ofACE2with proteases,TMPRSS2, Cathepsin B (CTSB), and Cathepsin L (CTSL) known to facilitate the entry of SARS2-CoV2 into the host cell. These results suggest that myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, and breast are unlikely to be susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV2. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 is unlikely to contribute to pregnancy-related adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, transmission of COVID-19 through breast milk, oogenesis and female fertility.
Compassionate Use of Opaganib For Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Kurd Ramzi , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Karameh Hani , Bar-Meir Maskit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpaganib is a selective sphingosine-kinase (SK)-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties.MethodsWe provided opaganib on a compassionate-use basis to patients with severe COVID-19. Patients who required oxygen support via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) were offered the treatment. For comparison, we used a control group with same-sex, same-severity patients.ResultsSeven patients received at least one dose of opaganib since April 2, 2020. One patient, who received both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, developed diarrhea and all his medications were stopped. This was the only adverse effect possibly related to opaganib. A second patient was weaned of oxygen and discharged after receiving two doses of opaganib. Therefore, five patients were included in this analysis. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between cases and controls. Patients treated with opaganib had significantly faster increase in lymphocyte count. All other clinical outcomes had a non-statistically significant trend in favor of the treatment group: median time to weaning from HFNC was 10 and 15 days in cases vs. controls (HR= 0.3, 95% CI: 0.07-1.7, p=0.2), time to ambient air was 13 vs.14.5 days (HR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.15-1.5), none of the cases required mechanical ventilation compared with 33% of controls.ConclusionIn this small cohort of severe COVID-19 patients, opaganib was safe and well tolerated with improvement in both clinical and laboratory parameters in all treated patients. The efficacy of opaganib for COVID-19 infection should be further tested in randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Distinct antibody repertoires against endemic human coronaviruses in children and adults
Authors: Khan Taushif , Rahman Mahbuba , Ali Fatima Al , Huang Susie S. Y. , Ata Manar , Zhang Qian , Bastard Paul , Liu Zhiyong , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Béziat Vivien , Cobat Aurélie , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Yassine Hadi , Smatti Maria , Sayeed Amira , Vandernoot Isabelle , Goffard Jean-Christophe , Smits Guillaume , Migeotte Isabelle , Haerynck Filomeen , Meyts Isabelle , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Hasan Mohammad R. , Marr Nico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFour endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are commonly associated with acute respiratory infection in humans. B cell responses to these “common cold” viruses remain incompletely understood. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of CoV-specific antibody repertoires in 231 children and 1168 adults using phage-immunoprecipitation sequencing. Seroprevalence of antibodies to endemic HCoVs ranged between ~4 and 27% depending on the species and cohort. We identified at least 136 novel linear B cell epitopes. Antibody repertoires against endemic HCoVs were qualitatively different between children and adults in that anti-HCoV IgG specificities more frequently found among children targeted functionally important and structurally conserved regions of the spike, nucleocapsid and matrix proteins. Moreover, antibody specificities targeting the highly conserved fusion peptide region and S2’ cleavage site of the spike protein were broadly cross-reactive with peptides of epidemic human and non-human coronaviruses. In contrast, an acidic tandem repeat in the N-terminal region of the Nsp3 subdomain of the HCoV-HKU1 polyprotein was the predominant target of antibody responses in adult donors. Our findings shed light on the dominant species-specific and pan-CoV target sites of human antibody responses to coronavirus infection, thereby providing important insights for the development of prophylactic or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine design.
New insights on the interaction mechanism of rhTNFα with its antagonists Adalimumab and Etanercept
Authors: Contreras María Angélica , Macaya Luis , Neira Pedro , Camacho Frank , González Alaín , Acosta Jannel , Montesino Raquel , Toledo Jorge Roberto , Sánchez Oliberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTNFα is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is a therapeutic target for inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Thus, TNFα antagonists are successfully used for the treatment of these disorders. Here, new association patterns of rhTNFα and its antagonists Adalimumab and Etanercept are disclosed. Active rhTNFα was purified by IMAC from the soluble fraction of transformedE. coli.Protein detection was assessed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The KDvalues for rhTNFα interactions with their antagonists were obtained by non-competitive ELISA and by microscale thermophoresis. Molecular sizes of the complexes were characterized by SEC-HPLC. Surprisingly, both antagonists recognized the monomeric form of rhTNFα under reducing and non-reducing conditions, indicating unexpected bindings of the antagonists to lineal epitopes and to one protomer of rhTNFα. Binding curves of two phases with low and high KDvalues (<10−9M and >10−8M) were observed during thermophoresis experiments, suggesting the generation of complexes with different stoichiometry, which were confirmed by SEC-HPLC. This pioneer investigation revealed interactions of rhTNFα with Adalimumab and Etanercept never described before, which constitute valuable data for future approaches into the study of their interaction mechanism.
Bayesian approach for modelling the dynamic of COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship
Authors: Lai Chao-Chih , Hsu Chen-Yang , Jen Hsiao-Hsuan , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chan Chang-Chuan , Chen Hsiu-Hsi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe outbreaks of acute respiratory infectious disease with high attack rates on cruise ships were rarely studied. The outbreak of COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship provides an unprecedented opportunity to estimate its original transmissibility with basic reproductive number (R0) and the effectiveness of containment measures. The traditional deterministic approach for estimating R0 is based on the outbreak of a large population size rather than that a small cohort of cruise ship. The parameters are therefore fraught with uncertainty. To tackle this problem, we developed a Bayesian Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovery (SEIR) model with ordinary differential equation (ODE) to estimate three parameters, including transmission coefficients, the latent period, and the recovery rate given the uncertainty implicated the outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship with modest population size. Based on the estimated results on these three parameters before the introduction of partial containment measures, the natural epidemic curve after intervention was predicted and compared with the observed curve in order to assess the efficacy of containment measures. With the application of the Bayesian model to the empirical data on COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship, the R0 was estimated as high as 5.71(95% credible interval: 4.08-7.55) because of its aerosols and fomite transmission mode. The simulated trajectory shows the entire epidemic period without containment measurements was approximately 47 days and reached the peak one month later after the index case. The partial containment measure reduced 34% (95% credible interval: 31-36%) infected passengers. Such a discovery provides an insight into timely evacuation and early isolation and quarantine with decontamination for containing other cruise ships and warship outbreaks.
Chest X-ray classification using Deep learning for automated COVID-19 screening
Authors: Shelke Ankita , Inamdar Madhura , Shah Vruddhi , Tiwari Amanshu , Hussain Aafiya , Chafekar Talha , Mehendale Ninad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn today’s world, we find ourselves struggling to fight one of the worst pandemics in the history of humanity known as COVID-2019 caused by a coronavirus. If we detect the virus at an early stage (before it enters the lower respiratory tract), the patient can be treated quickly. Once the virus reaches the lungs, we observe ground-glass opacity in the chest X-ray due to fibrosis in the lungs. Due to the significant differences between X-ray images of an infected and non-infected person, artificial intelligence techniques can be used to identify the presence and severity of the infection. We propose a classification model that can analyze the chest X-rays and help in the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. Our methodology classifies the chest X-rays into 4 classes viz. normal, pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and COVID-19. Further, the X-rays indicating COVID-19 are classified on severity-basis into mild, medium, and severe. The deep learning model used for the classification of pneumonia, TB, and normal is VGG16 with an accuracy of 95.9 %. For the segregation of normal pneumonia and COVID-19, the DenseNet-161 was used with an accuracy of 98.9 %. ResNet-18 worked best for severity classification achieving accuracy up to 76 %. Our approach allows mass screening of the people using X-rays as a primary validation for COVID-19.