bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic disparities in demographic, clinicopathologic and biological behaviours and prognosis of gastric cancer in northwest China
Authors: Cao Juan , Chen Jing , Zhang Qinghua , Wu Jing , Wang Wenfan , Zhang Xiaoxu , Zhao Dan , Zhang Qian , Yang Wenjun , Chen Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to investigate ethnic disparities in demographic, clinicopathologic, and biological behaviours of gastric cancer (GC) in a high GC incidence area of China. There were 5022 GC patients, including 3987 Han (79.4%) and 987 Hui (14.4%) patients from Northwest China. All patient data were retrieved from 2009 to 2017. Median survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of covariates. Similarly, low 5‐year OS rates were observed in both the Hui and Han groups (23.8% and 24.2% respectively). Hui patients with stage T1 or N0 or with tumours <5 cm had 2.144‐fold, 1.426‐fold and 1.305‐fold increased risks of poor prognosis compared with Han patients with these characteristics respectively (all p < 0.05). Further, Hui patients had 1.265‐fold, 1.364‐fold and 1.401‐fold increased risks of poor prognosis compared with Han patients among those with high expression of Ki67, EGFR and VEGF respectively (all p < 0.05). There are ethnic disparities in the prognosis of GC patients in Northwest China. Understanding the effects of ethnicity on GC will guide reasonable evaluations of prognosis and future interventions to equalise access to high‐quality care for GC patients of different ethnicities in China.
The effects of competency‐based education delivery methods on competency level: A quantitative study
Authors: Foster Melissa R. Bowman , Jones Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompetency‐based education (CBE) is a quickly evolving, new concept to higher education. Within the CBE context, new delivery methods for course materials create an atmosphere that is highly supportive of learning and allows flexibility for learners who may have already acquired certain knowledge and desire to move on to unknown curriculum. Although many programs, faculty, and students can and do benefit from this new concept, data must also be present to support the validity of this new method as CBE continues to grow in popularity.AimsThe research presented tested 3 hypotheses:

H10: No change was found in the overall competency level of students on the pre‐and post‐assessment
H1a: A decrease was found in the overall competency level of students on the pre‐and post‐assessments
H1b: An increase was found in the overall competency level of students on the pre‐and post‐assessments
MethodPre‐ and postself‐assessments were given to a group of graduate students currently enrolled in a CBE program.DiscussionThe results did support one of the hypotheses showing a change in the overall competency level of students on the pre‐ and postself‐assessment. The results support successfulness of the CBE methods.ConclusionsIt is recommended more research be completed to include different degrees, curriculum, and CBE methods. This data can be combined to form a big data set to conduct more valid studies.
TAVR versus SAVR in patients with severe aortic stenosis and concomitant end stage liver disease: When less is more
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Nai Fovino Luca 
Published: October 2020

Key Points
End stage liver disease (ESLD) is associated with increased risk of bleeding, nosocomial infections and organ failure after open heart surgery.
In this study, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was found to have a lower in‐hospital mortality and shorter length of hospital stay as compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in ESLD patients.
Broader utilization of transfemoral minimalist TAVR approach might further decrease procedural complications and ameliorate the outcome of this subset of patients at higher surgical risk.
Remove the obstacle and get into the flow!
Authors: Aranzulla Tiziana Claudia , Musumeci Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Key Points
Patients with classical and paradoxical low‐flow (PLF) aortic stenosis (AS) experience similar improvements in 30‐day quality of life (QoL) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as compared to those with normal flow AS.
Particular care should be taken in post‐TAVR management of patients with PLF AS due to a higher rate of rehospitalization for heart failure.
Promoting larger studies with follow‐up strategies that take into account the initial echocardiographic AS phenotype may help in further improving post‐TAVR QoL and outcomes.
Design Platform for Sustainable Catalysis with Radicals: Electrochemical Activation of Cp2TiCl2 for Catalysis Unveiled
Authors: Hilche Tobias , Reinsberg Philip H. , Klare Sven , Liedtke Theresa , Schäfer Luise , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe combination of synthesis, rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, and computational investigations with the aid of DFT methods shows how a thiourea, a squaramide, and a bissulfonamide as additives affect the EqCr equilibrium of Cp2TiCl2. We have, for the first time, provided quantitative data for the EqCr equilibrium and have determined the stoichiometry of adduct formation of [Cp2Ti(III)Cl2]−, [Cp2Ti(III)Cl] and [Cp2Ti(IV)Cl2] and the additives. By studying the structures of the complexes formed by DFT methods, we have established the Gibbs energies and enthalpies of complex formation as well as the adduct structures. The results not only demonstrate the correctness of our use of the EqCr equilibrium as predictor for sustainable catalysis. They are also a design platform for the development of novel additives in particular for enantioselective catalysis.
Progressive disaster evacuation in cloud datacenter network
Authors: Li Xiaole , Luo Yingji , Zhang Wenyin , Fu Deqian , Wang Hua , Zhai Linbo 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn cloud datacenter network, deadline‐aware disaster evacuation transfers the endangered data out of disaster zone using limited residual network resources. Previous work has not jointly considered the selection of safe datacenter and reasonable allocation of bandwidth proportion in time‐varying postdisaster network environment. Therefore, they cannot make full use of network transmission capability. Based on our earlier work, we propose a new time‐varying disaster evacuation strategy with flexible traffic scheduling. We aim to maximize disaster evacuation capability in the disaster spread scenario. We construct a new disaster‐aware time‐expanded network model to divide time slots according to progressive disaster spread, and optimize the utilization of evacuation capability in the current disaster stage. In each time slot, we carry out two‐step optimization including safe datacenter selection and proportional bandwidth allocation. Especially, we select store‐and‐forward node to ensure the safety of evacuated data in the next time slot, and use marked evacuation routing search based on transmission requirement to improve the utilization of evacuation capability. Through extensive simulations we demonstrate that our strategy achieves better performance with higher evacuation transmission efficiency in the disaster spread scenario.
Random forests as a tool to understand the snow depth distribution and its evolution in mountain areas
Authors: Revuelto Jesús , Billecocq Paul , Tuzet François , Cluzet Bertrand , Lamare Maxim , Larue Fanny , Dumont Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe small scale distribution of the snowpack in mountain areas is highly heterogeneous, and is mainly controlled by the interactions between the atmosphere and local topography. However, the influence of different terrain features in controlling variations in the snow distribution depends on the characteristics of the study area. As this leads to uncertainties in high spatial resolution snowpack simulations, a deeper understanding of the role of terrain features on the small scale distribution of snow depth is required. This study applied random forest algorithms to investigate the temporal evolution of snow depth in complex alpine terrain using as predictors various topographical variables and in situ snow depth observations at a single location. The high spatial resolution (1 m x 1 m) snow depth distribution database used in training and evaluating the random forests was derived from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) devices at three study sites, in the French Alps (2 sites) and the Spanish Pyrenees (1 site). The results show the major importance of two topographic variables, the topographic position index and the maximum upwind slope parameter. For these variables the search distances and directions depended on the characteristics of each site and the TLS acquisition date, but are consistent across sites and are tightly related to main wind directions. The weight of the different topographic variables on explaining snow distribution evolves while major snow accumulation events still take place and minor changes are observed after reaching the annual snow accumulation peak. Random forests have demonstrated good performance when predicting snow distribution for the sites included in the training set with R2values ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 and mean absolute errors always below 0.4 m. Oppositely, this algorithm failed when used to predict snow distribution for sites not included in the training set, with mean absolute errors above 0.8 m.
The Process of Art‐making and Creative Expertise: An Analysis of Artists' Process Modification
Authors: Yokochi Sawako , Okada Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates how emerging/young and established/expert artists create artwork, paying special attention to modifications in the art‐making process. Here, “process modification” is the means by which artists generate new artistic concepts by modifying elements of their previous artwork. To examine whether emerging artists use such modifications in the same manner as experts, we interviewed 28 contemporary artists (including 14 experts). The results reveal that most of the emerging artists modified their work unsystematically. Emerging artists drastically changed the subject/motif, method, and concept for their new artwork. Experts, in contrast, used Concept modification to generate new art ideas based on their creative vision and to produce more artwork series than before finding a creative vision. These results are discussed in relation to the development of creative expertise.
Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry for metabolomics applications
Authors: Gordillo Ruth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile supercritical fluid chromatography was developed over 50 years ago, it is only over the past 15 to 20 years that it has become routinely utilized. Along with the commercialization of a new generation of instruments, during the last 20 years supercritical fluid chromatography has improved performance, reliability, and robustness. Supercritical fluid chromatography is fully compatible with mass spectrometric techniques. This review compiles the application of supercritical fluid chromatography separations coupled to mass spectrometry instrumentation for the exploration, profiling, and quantitation of metabolites during the last two decades. The selection of metabolites chosen for this article have direct applications in preclinical models of disease and clinical applications as potential biomarkers of disease including lipids, steroid hormones, bile acids, polar metabolites, peptides, and proteins.
The Novel Use of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound to Predict Resting Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Mukhtar Ahmed , Abdelghany Mohamed , Hasanin Ahmed , Hamimy Walid , Abougabal Ayman , Nasser Haytham , Elsayed Allam , Ayman Eslam 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesAccurate estimation of a critically ill patient's caloric requirements is essential for a proper nutritional plan. This study aimed to evaluate the use of point‐of‐care ultrasound (US) to predict the resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill patients.MethodsIn 69 critically ill patients, we measured the REE using indirect calorimetry (REE_IC), muscle layer thicknesses (MLTs), and cardiac output (CO). Muscle thickness was measured at the biceps and the quadriceps muscles. Patients were randomly split into a model development group (n = 46) and a cross‐validation group (n = 23). In the model development group, a multiple regression analysis was applied to generate REE using US (REE_US) values. In the cross‐validation group, REE was calculated by the REE_US and the resting energy expenditure using the Harris‐Benedict equation (REE_HB), and both were compared to the REE_IC.ResultsIn the model development group, the REE_US was predicted by the following formula: predicted REE_US (kcal/d) = 206 + 173.5 × CO (L/min) + 137 × MLT (cm) – 230 × (women = 1; men = 0) (R2 = 0.8; P < .0001). In the cross‐validated group, the REE_IC and REE_US values were comparable (mean difference, −66 [−3.3%] kcal/d; P = .14). However, the difference between the mean REE_IC and the mean REE_HB was 455.8 (26%) kcal/d (P < .001). According to a Bland–Altman analysis, the REE_US agreed well with the REE_IC, whereas the REE_HB did not.ConclusionsResting energy expenditure could be estimated from US measurements of MLTs and CO. Our point‐of‐care US model explains 80% of the change in the REE in critically ill patients.
Real‐Time, Intraoperative, Ultrasound‐Assisted Transoral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Chang Chan‐Chi , Wu Jiunn‐Liang , Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Lin Cheng‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the lingual artery (LA) position in the tongue base through intraoperative ultrasound (IOU) imaging during transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and evaluate bleeding complications with or without the assistance of IOU.Study DesignCohort study with historical control.MethodsPatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent TORS for tongue base resection were recruited since 2016. During surgery, ultrasound imaging was employed to identify anatomic parameters of the LA in the tongue base, including distance to the midline and arterial depth and diameter.ResultsNinety‐three OSA patients (82 men, 88.2%) were analyzed. Mean age was 42.2 ± 10.0 years and body mass index was 29.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Average apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 58.1 ± 21.4 events/hour. Overall, 70 patients who underwent TORS with IOU had a shorter operation time (191.7 ± 3.8 vs. 220.1 ± 6.6 minutes), lower total blood loss (11.3 ± 10.8 vs. 19.6 ± 26.7 mL), and higher tongue base reduction volume (7.1 ± 2.5 vs. 3.9 ± 1.6 mL) than 23 patients who underwent TORS without IOU. Significant predictors of arterial depth included higher AHI level during the rapid eye movement sleep (P = .038), larger tonsil size (P = .034), and more elevated Friedman tongue position (P = .012). Postoperative complications associated with LA injury were not found in patients subjected to IOU.ConclusionsWith the assistance of IOU, surgeons can confidently determine LA position. The use of IOU can maximize efficiency and minimize catastrophic bleeding complications when OSA patients undergo TORS for tongue base resection.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1383–E1390, 2021
Evaluation of overall and disease‐free survival in patients with free flaps for oral cancer resection
Authors: Makiguchi Takaya , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Nakamura Hideharu , Yamatsu Yukie , Hirai Yuki , Shoda Koki , Kurozumi Sasagu , Ibaragi Soichiro , Harimoto Norifumi , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Shirabe Ken , Yokoo Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeSarcopenia is characterized by depletion of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and can cause increased postoperative complication in free flap procedure. One of the most important considerations while deciding the indication of the procedure is patients' survival. This study aimed to verify the relationship between low SMM and survival in patients who undergo oral cancer resection using free flap.MethodsSMM was evaluated using the skeletal muscle index (SMI cm2/m2), which was defined using cross‐sectional areas of skeletal muscles on computed tomography at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae normalized for height. Overall, 111 patients who underwent primary oral cancer resection and free flaps were included. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival.ResultsA total of 25 patients (22.5%) were diagnosed with low SMM. The mean SMI was 42.2 cm2/m2. Multivariable analyses showed that increased age (hazard ratio [HR]; 4.98, p = .004), infiltrative growth pattern INF‐c (HR; 3.83, p = .037), and low SMM (HR; 2.59, p = .034) were significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Increased age (HR; 3.18, p = .005), extra‐nodal extension (HR; 3.30, p = .001), and low SMM (HR; 2.42, p = .017) were significant negative prognostic factors for disease‐free survival.ConclusionsLow SMM is a significant negative prognostic factor for overall and disease‐free survival in oral cancer patients undergoing free flap. Future prospective studies are warranted to identify effective preoperative exercise and nutrition programs to improve low skeletal muscle and survival rate in patients undergoing free flap procedures.
A novel planar wide‐angle scanning phased array under operation of TM10 and TM20 modes
Authors: Guan Lian‐Xu , Cheng You‐Feng , Feng Ju , Liao Cheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA low‐profile planar phased array based on the hybrid‐mode patch technique is presented to achieve the goal of increasing the scanning angle. The array element antenna simultaneously operates at TM10 and TM20 modes of two rectangle patches. By adjusting the length of a slot etched on one patch, the far field of the two modes can be combined by a certain proportion, and thus the complementary beams realize wide‐beam radiation. Besides, in order to improve the array active reflection performance in a wide‐scan range, the slot technique is adopted to achieve the element miniaturization, and a grounded isolator is introduced to reduce the mutual coupling between the array elements. The proposed phased array shows a measured main‐beam coverage from −68° to +66° with its gain fluctuation and sidelobe levels lower than 1.5 and − 10 dB, respectively.
Intermediate band solar cells: Present and future
Authors: Ramiro Iñigo , Martí Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the quest for high‐efficiency photovoltaics (PV), the intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) was proposed in 1997 as an alternative to tandem solar cells. The IBSC offers 63% efficiency under maximum solar concentration using a single semiconductor material. This high‐efficiency limit attracted the attention of the PV community, yielding to numerous intermediate band (IB) studies and IBSC prototypes employing a plethora of candidate IB materials. As a consequence, the principles of operation of the IBSC have been demonstrated, and the particularities and difficulties inherent to each different technological implementation of the IBSC have been reasonably identified and understood. From a theoretical and experimental point of view, the IBSC research has reached a mature stage. Yet we feel that, driven by the large number of explored materials and technologies so far, there is some confusion about what route the IBSC research should take to transition from the proof of concept to high efficiency. In this work, we give our view on which the next steps should be. For this, first, we briefly review the theoretical framework of the IBSC, the achieved experimental milestones, and the different technological approaches used, with special emphasis on those recently proposed.
How students conceptualize grade‐based acceleration in inclusive settings
Authors: Dare Lynn , Nowicki Elizabeth A. , Murray Lori L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite extensive research supporting educational acceleration for students with high academic ability, some psychologists, counselors, and educators express concerns about accelerative interventions. Such concerns often hinge on uncertainty about social acceptance, even in inclusive education settings. Research on acceleration has consistently shown benefits for students with high ability; however, there is a lack of research about grade‐based acceleration in inclusive schools. This study engaged two groups of students in group concept mapping processes to examine how they conceptualized beliefs about grade‐based acceleration in inclusive schools. First, 26 students in inclusive classes generated beliefs about grade‐based acceleration. Then they, and a group of 14 students with high ability, structured the data by sorting and rating a synthesized list of the generated beliefs. We analyzed the sorted data using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The resultant cluster maps revealed some differences and some similarities in the ways that the two groups of students conceptualized beliefs about educational acceleration. Practical implications are discussed.
Study on Shock‐Induced Chemical Energy Release Behavior of Al/W/PTFE Reactive Material with Mechanical‐Thermal‐Chemical Coupling SPH Approach
Authors: Ren Kerong , Chen Jin , Qing Hua , Chen Rong , Chen Peng , Lin Yuliang , Guo Baoyue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReactive materials (RMs) are usually prepared from metal/non‐metal mixed powders through hot processing. RMs are widely used in warheads since they are inert under common conditions but release massive amounts of energy in chemical reactions induced by impact loading. However, the shock‐induced chemical energy release during impact has a complicated mechanism and needs to be further explored. This work investigated the shock‐induced chemical energy release behavior of the Al/W/PTFE RM. The experimental results show that the energy release efficiency of RM in direct ballistic tests increases with increasing impact velocity (v), and the extent of chemical reaction (y) can reach ∼0.8 at v=1250 m s−1. Meanwhile, we propose a new numerical simulation approach based on the LS‐DYNA software, combining the user‐defined equation of state considering the chemical reactions and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. This approach can describe the ultra‐fast chemical reaction and crushing behavior of Al/W/PTFE RM during the impact process, taking into account the mechanical‐thermal‐chemical coupling effect. The relative errors of y between the numerical simulations and the experiments are below 25 %. Moreover, the simulation results also provide many details about the ultra‐fast chemical reactions. As v increases, the values of y and the maximum chemical reaction rate (dy/dtmax) also increase from 0.134 and 0.017 μs−1 at v=700 m s−1 to 0.882 and 0.181 μs−1 at v=1300 m s−1, respectively.