bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-on-a-chip platform to interrogate the role of macrophages in tumor progression
Authors: Bi Ye , Shirure Venktesh S , Liu Ruiyang , Cunningham Cassandra , Ding Li , Meacham J Mark , Goedegebuure S Peter , George Steven C , Fields Ryan C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumor-infiltrating leukocytes, in particular macrophages, play an important role in tumor behavior and clinical outcome. The spectrum of macrophage subtypes ranges from antitumor ‘M1’-type to protumor ‘M2’-type macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) typically display phenotypic features of both M1 and M2, and the population distribution is thought to be dynamic and evolves as the tumor progresses. However, our understanding of how TAMs impact the tumor microenvironment remains limited by the lack of appropriate 3D in vitro models that can capture cell–cell dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Using our recently developed microphysiological ‘tumor-on-a-chip’ (TOC) device, we present here our findings on the impact of defined macrophage subsets on tumor behavior. The TOC device design contains three adjacent and connected chambers in which both the upper and lower chambers are loaded with tumor cells, whereas the central chamber contains a dynamic, perfused, living microvascular network. Introduction of human pancreatic or colorectal cancer cells together with M1-polarized macrophages significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Protein analysis and antibody-based neutralization studies confirmed that these effects were mediated through production of C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL9), CXCL10 and CXCL11. By contrast, M2-macrophages mediated increased tumor cell migration into the vascularized chamber and did not inhibit tumor growth or angiogenesis. In fact, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that M2 macrophages further segregated endothelial cells into two distinct subsets, corresponding to static cells in vessels versus active cells involved in angiogenesis. The impact of M2 macrophages was mediated mostly by production of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and angiopoietin 2. In summary, our data demonstrate the utility of the TOC device to mechanistically probe biological questions in a 3D in vitro microenvironment.
Effect of Visual Design on the Evaluation of Technology- vs. Design-Based Novel Interactive Products
Authors: Eytam Eleanor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel product evaluations are challenging in that they occur under pre-use conditions in which users cannot rely on their past experiences with the product to determine its quality. The reported study explores the effects of innovation type and design simplicity level on novel interactive product evaluations. The results show that the type of innovation interacts with the visual simplicity level and affects one’s judgment about a product’s instrumental attributes, namely, its ease of use and functionality. While technology-based novel products are judged to be more innovative and more creative compared to design-based novel products when the designs are relatively simple, this trend shifts for complex designs where there is no significant difference between judgments of the two types of products. Finally, while innovativeness is a salient predictor for preference variance regardless of innovation type and design visual simplicity level, creativity is a predictor for preference variance of design-based innovation, when the design is relatively simple.
Pasture intensification in beef cattle production can affect methane emission intensity
Authors: Sakamoto Leandro S , Berndt Alexandre , Pedroso André de F , Lemes Amanda P , Azenha Mariana V , Alves Teresa C , Rodrigues Paulo H M , Corte Rosana R , Leme Paulo R , Oliveira Patrícia P A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic activities have contributed to global warming and consequently to climate change. Among all sources of emissions, the agricultural sector accounts for just under a quarter, mainly because of the intensification of food production systems necessary to supply the growing demand of the population. As ruminal fermentation is the largest source of methane emission in the livestock industry, emission by cattle has become the focus of studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate enteric methane emission and emission intensities of Nellore cattle at different ages submitted to levels of intensification of the grazing system. Twenty-four animals per cycle (age of 21.8 and 13.1 mo in cycles 1 and 2, respectively) were randomly distributed across different grazing systems: irrigated pasture with a high stocking rate (IHS), dryland pasture with a high stocking rate (DHS), recovering dryland pasture with a moderate stocking rate (DMS), and degraded pasture with a low stocking rate (DP). Methane emission was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride technique in each season of the cycle. Intensive systems provided higher yields of good-quality forage as well as superior animal performance when compared with DP. Methane yields were different between seasons and cycles. Methane emissions per average daily weight gain and dry matter digestible intake were different between treatments. Differences in the results were observed when they were analyzed per hectare, with the highest gain yield (P = 0.0134), stocking rate, weight gain, carcass production, and total methane emission (P &lt; 0.0001) being found for the intensive systems. There were no differences in emissions per weight gain or carcass production between production systems, while a difference was observed between cycles (P = 0.0189 and P = 0.0255, respectively), resulting in lower emission intensities for younger animals. We conclude that more intensive systems resulted in a higher kilograms production of carcass per hectare; however, animals at 19 mo of age raised in the IHS and DMS systems had a lower emission intensity in kilogram of CO2-eq. per kilogram of carcass. Moderate intensification (DMS) using animals at about 19 mo of age might be an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions from Brazilian tropical pastures. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increasing productivity and decreasing environmental impacts, especially methane emission from ruminants.
pH-mediated control of anti-aggregation activities of cyanobacterial and E. coli chaperonin GroELs
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Nakamoto Hitoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In contrast to Escherichia coli, cyanobacteria have multiple GroELs, the bacterial homologues of chaperonin/Hsp60. We have shown that cyanobacterial GroELs are mutually distinct and different from E. coli GroEL with which the paradigm for chaperonin structure/function has been established. However, little is known about regulation of cyanobacterial GroELs. This study investigated effect of pH (varied from 7.0 to 8.5) on chaperone activity of GroEL1 and GroEL2 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and E. coli GroEL. GroEL1 and GroEL2 showed pH dependency in suppression of aggregation of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. They exhibited higher anti-aggregation activity at more alkaline pHs. Escherichia coli GroEL showed a similar pH-dependence in suppressing aggregation of heat-denatured lactate dehydrogenase. No pH dependence was observed in all the GroELs when urea-denatured lactate dehydrogenase was used for anti-aggregation assay, suggesting that the pH-dependence is related to some denatured structures. There was no significant influence of pH on the chaperone activity of all the GroELs to promote refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase. It is known that pH in cyanobacterial cytoplasm increases by one pH unit following a shift from darkness to light, suggesting that the pH-change modulates chaperone activity of cyanobacterial GroEL1 and GroEL2.
Mechanisms of Cerebral Microbleeds
Authors: Wadi Lara C , Grigoryan Mher Mahoney , Kim Ronald C , Fang Chuo , Kim Jeffrey , Corrada María M , Paganini-Hill Annlia , Fisher Mark J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are a common MRI finding, representing underlying cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH). The etiology of CMB and microhemorrhages is obscure. We conducted a pathological investigation of CMH, combining standard and immunohistological analyses of postmortem human brains. We analyzed 5 brain regions (middle frontal gyrus, occipital pole, rostral cingulate cortex, caudal cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia) of 76 brain bank subjects (mean age ± SE 90 ± 1.4 years). Prussian blue positivity, used as an index of CMH, was subjected to quantitative analysis for all 5 brain regions. Brains from the top and bottom quartiles (n = 19 each) were compared for quantitative immunohistological findings of smooth muscle actin, claudin-5, and fibrinogen, and for Sclerosis Index (SI) (a measure of arteriolar remodeling). Brains in the top quartile (i.e. with most extensive CMH) had significantly higher SI in the 5 brain regions combined (0.379 ± 0.007 vs 0.355 ± 0.008; p &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate significant coexistence of arteriolar remodeling with CMH. While these findings provide clues to mechanisms of microhemorrhage development, further studies of experimental neuropathology are needed to determine causal relationships.
A rare tumour, a singular indication: sleeve gastrectomy in a morbidly obese septuagenarian with gastric schwannoma
Authors: Faustino Ana V M , Rama Tiago F , Andrade Margarida P C , Carneiro Vítor M D , Leite Maria I G P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gastric schwannoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumour, representing only 0.2% of all gastric tumours. Obesity is an alarming worldwide disease whose only effective and sustained treatment seems to be surgical. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with epigastric pain and unspecific dyspeptic symptoms, whose diagnostic endoscopic procedures raised suspicion of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Given her good performance status, and since grade 2 obesity with high-risk comorbid conditions was present, she was considered a suitable candidate for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Both surgery and immediate postoperative period were uneventful. Histological and immunocytochemical analysis classified the tumour as benign gastric schwannoma. After 24 months, besides being disease-free, she presented an excess weight loss of 90.2%, with improvements in metabolic profile allowing withdrawal from chronic medication. The patient is healthier, satisfied and living an active life, showing that age by itself should not be a deterrent to bariatric surgery.
Identifying galaxy groups at high redshift from incomplete spectroscopic data – I. The group finder and application to zCOSMOS
Authors: Wang Kai , Mo H J , Li Cheng , Meng Jiacheng , Chen Yangyao 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Identifying galaxy groups from redshift surveys of galaxies plays an important role in connecting galaxies with the underlying dark matter distribution. Current and future high-z spectroscopic surveys, usually incomplete in redshift sampling, present both opportunities and challenges to identifying groups in the high-z Universe. We develop a group finder that is based on incomplete redshift samples combined with photometric data, using a machine learning method to assign halo masses to identified groups. Test using realistic mock catalogues shows that $\gtrsim \! 90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of true groups with halo masses $\rm {\it M}_h \gtrsim 10^{12} M_{\odot }\,h^{-1}$ are successfully identified, and that the fraction of contaminants is smaller than $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The standard deviation in the halo mass estimation is smaller than 0.25 dex at all masses. We apply our group finder to zCOSMOS-bright and describe basic properties of the group catalogue obtained.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: N-body mock challenge for the quasar sample
Authors: Smith Alex , Burtin Etienne , Hou Jiamin , Neveux Richard , Ross Ashley J , Alam Shadab , Brinkmann Jonathan , Dawson Kyle S , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin , Kneib Jean-Paul , Lyke Brad W , du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Mueller Eva-Maria , Myers Adam D , Percival Will J , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Zarrouk Pauline , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The growth rate and expansion history of the Universe can be measured from large galaxy redshift surveys using the Alcock–Paczynski effect. We validate the Redshift Space Distortion models used in the final analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 quasar clustering sample, in configuration and Fourier space, using a series of halo occupation distribution mock catalogues generated using the OuterRim N-body simulation. We test three models on a series of non-blind mocks, in the OuterRim cosmology, and blind mocks, which have been rescaled to new cosmologies, and investigate the effects of redshift smearing and catastrophic redshifts. We find that for the non-blind mocks, the models are able to recover fσ8 to within 3 per cent and α∥ and α⊥ to within 1 per cent. The scatter in the measurements is larger for the blind mocks, due to the assumption of an incorrect fiducial cosmology. From this mock challenge, we find that all three models perform well, with similar systematic errors on fσ8, α∥, and α⊥ at the level of $\sigma _{f\sigma _8}=0.013$, $\sigma _{\alpha _\parallel }=0.012$, and $\sigma _{\alpha _\bot }=0.008$. The systematic error on the combined consensus is $\sigma _{f\sigma _8}=0.011$, $\sigma _{\alpha _\parallel }=0.008$, and $\sigma _{\alpha _\bot }=0.005$, which is used in the final DR16 analysis. For baryon acoustic oscillation fits in configuration and Fourier space, we take conservative systematic errors of $\sigma _{\alpha _\parallel }=0.010$ and $\sigma _{\alpha _\bot }=0.007$.
Modelling of 35-d superorbital cycle of B and V light curves of IMXB HZ Her/Her X-1
Authors: Kolesnikov D A , Shakura N I , Postnov K A , Volkov I M , Bikmaev I F , Irsmambetova T R , Staubert R , Wilms J , Irtuganov E , Golysheva P Yu , Shugarov S Yu , Nikolenko I V , Trunkovsky E M , Schönherr G , Schwope A , Klochkov D 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The X-ray binary Her X-1 consists of an accreting neutron star and the optical component HZ Her. The 35-d X-ray superorbital variability of this system is known, since its discovery in 1972 by the Uhuru satellite and is believed to be caused by forced precession of a warped accretion disc tilted to the orbital plane. We argue that the observed features of the 35-d optical variability of HZ Her can be explained by free precession of the neutron star with a period close to that of the forced disc. The model parameters include (a) the X-ray luminosity of the neutron star; (b) the optical flux from the accretion disc; and (c) the tilt of the inner and outer edges of the accretion disc. A possible synchronization mechanism based on the coupling between the neutron star free precession and the dynamical action of non-stationary gas streams is discussed.
Resolving shocks and filaments in galaxy formation simulations: effects on gas properties and star formation in the circumgalactic medium
Authors: Bennett Jake S , Sijacki Debora 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
There is an emerging consensus that large amounts of gas do not shock heat in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of massive galaxies, but instead pierce deep into haloes from the cosmic web via filaments. To better resolve this process numerically, we have developed a novel ‘shock refinement’ scheme within the moving mesh code arepo that adaptively improves resolution around shocks on-the-fly in galaxy formation simulations. We apply this to a massive ∼1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6 using the successful FABLE model, increasing the mass resolution by a factor of 512. With better refinement there are significantly more dense, metal-poor and fast-moving filaments and clumps flowing into the halo, leading to a more multiphase CGM. We find a ∼50 per cent boost in cool-dense gas mass and a 25 per cent increase in inflowing mass flux. Better resolved accretion shocks cause turbulence to increase dramatically, leading to a doubling in the halo’s non-thermal pressure support. Despite much higher thermalization at shocks with higher resolution, increased cooling rates suppress the thermal energy of the halo. In contrast, the faster and denser filaments cause a significant jump in the bulk kinetic energy of cool-dense gas, while in the hot phase turbulent energy increases by up to ∼150 per cent. Moreover, H i covering fractions within the CGM increase by up to 60 per cent. Consequently, star formation is spread more widely and we predict a population of metal-poor stars forming within primordial filaments that deep JWST observations may be able to probe.
Formation of S0s in extreme environments II: The star-formation histories of bulges, discs, and lenses
Authors: Johnston Evelyn J , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Merrifield Michael , Häußler Boris , Coccato Lodovico , Jaffé Yara , Cortesi Ariana , Chies-Santos Ana , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Sheen Yun-Kyeong 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Different processes have been proposed to explain the formation of S0s, including mergers, disc instabilities, and quenched spirals. These processes are expected to dominate in different environments, and thus leave characteristic footprints in the kinematics and stellar populations of the individual components within the galaxies. New techniques enable us to cleanly disentangle the kinematics and stellar populations of these components in IFU observations. In this paper, we use buddi to spectroscopically extract the light from the bulge, disc, and lens components within a sample of eight S0 galaxies in extreme environments observed with MUSE. While the spectra of bulges and discs in S0 galaxies have been separated before, this work is the first to isolate the spectra of lenses. Stellar populations analysis revealed that the bulges and lenses have generally similar or higher metallicities than the discs, and the α-enhancement of the bulges and discs are correlated, while those of the lenses are completely unconnected to either component. We conclude that the majority of the mass in these galaxies was built up early in the lifetime of the galaxy, with the bulges and discs forming from the same material through dissipational processes at high redshift. The lenses, on the other hand, formed over independent time-scales at more random times within the lifetime of the galaxy, possibly from evolved bars. The younger stellar populations and asymmetric features seen in the field S0s may indicate that these galaxies have been affected more by minor mergers than the cluster galaxies.
Tobacco Price Increase and Successful Smoking Cessation for Two or More Years in Japan
Authors: Matsubayashi Keisuke , Tabuchi Takahiro , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Assessing long-term smoking cessation after tobacco price increases is more valuable than short-term cessation as smokers often relapse after temporary cessation. We investigated whether tobacco price increases were associated with long-term smoking cessation and whether the association differed according to demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, using a national longitudinal survey of middle-aged individual-level data from 10 waves, every November from 2005 to 2014.

Methods
Temporary and long-term at least 1 year (1y+) or 2 years (2y+) quitters were defined by smoking in any one wave and quitting in the subsequent two or three waves in a discrete-time design. November 2006 (after July 11% increase) and November 2010 (after October 37% increase) were used as proxy variables for price increases. Generalized estimating equation models adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral covariates, and analyses stratified by these covariates were performed to estimate the association between price increases and smoking cessation.

Results
Of 43 630 smokers aged 50–65, 7.7%, 5.6%, and 5.2% of smokers quit temporarily, for at least 1 year and at least 2 years, respectively. 2y+ quitters significantly increased in November 2005–November 2008 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.43) and November 2009–November 2012 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval = 1.57–2.16). In stratified analyses, higher prices were associated with 2y+ quitters in all subgroups with some exceptions, including participants who smoked 21–30 cigarettes per day and those aged 60–65.

Conclusions
Increasing tobacco prices may be effective in promoting long-term smoking cessation in various subgroups among middle-aged Japanese adults.

Implications
Few longitudinal studies have examined the effect of a tobacco price increase on long-term smoking cessation. In a national longitudinal survey of middle-aged Japanese from 10 waves, the 37% tobacco price increase was found to be a trigger for successful smoking cessation for two or more years. Price increases were significantly associated with 2y+ smoking cessation in most demographic, behavioral, and socioeconomic subgroups. Results indicate that higher tobacco prices may be effective for long-term smoking cessation in almost all subgroups. Raising tobacco taxes and prices may be one of the most effective strategies for promoting long-term smoking cessation.
Testing Snowden’s Hypothesis Does Mere Awareness Drive Opposition to Government Surveillance?
Authors: Valentino Nicholas A , Neuner Fabian G , Kamin Julia , Bailey Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study explores the antecedents of public support for government surveillance of the private electronic communications and internet browsing of American citizens. The National Security Agency whistleblower, Edward Snowden, famously hoped that uncovering surveillance by the state would create awareness of those practices that would be sufficient to induce public opposition. Other theories suggest that support for these policies might be driven by perceptions of terrorist threat or personal risk of surveillance. We suspect, however, that most citizens do not imagine their own privacy rights to be at risk due to government surveillance, but instead believe members of other groups will be targeted. Therefore, we hypothesize that empathy toward vulnerable outgroups should strongly dampen enthusiasm for surveillance, above and beyond awareness and personal concerns and interests. A nationally representative survey finds knowledge about government surveillance to be higher than many presume, but variation in knowledge or personal interests are largely uncorrelated with support. As hypothesized, empathy for outgroups strongly predicts opposition to these policies, above and beyond a host of other factors. Two experiments further corroborate the result: Outgroup empathy, not exposure to information about actual surveillance practices, boosts public opposition.
Does Partisanship Shape Investor Beliefs? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cookson J Anthony , Engelberg Joseph E , Mullins William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe use party-identifying language—like “liberal media” and “MAGA”—to identify Republican users on the investor social platform StockTwits. Using a difference-in-difference design, we find that partisan Republicans remain relatively unfazed in their beliefs about equities during the COVID-19 pandemic, while other users become considerably more pessimistic. In cross-sectional tests, we find Republicans become relatively more optimistic about stocks that suffered the most during the COVID-19 crisis, but more pessimistic about Chinese stocks. Finally, stocks with the greatest partisan disagreement on StockTwits have significantly more trading in the broader market, explaining 28% of the increase in stock turnover during the pandemic.Authors have furnished data and an Internet Appendix, which are available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.