bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tÿcho
Authors: Cedersjö Gustav , Janneck Jörn W. 
Published: December 2019

Many application areas for embedded systems, such as DSP, media coding, and image processing, are based on stream processing. Stream programs in these areas are often naturally described as graphs, where nodes are computational kernels that send data over the edges. This structure also exhibits large amounts of concurrency, because the kernels can execute independently as long as there are data to process on the edges. The explicit data dependencies also help making efficient sequential implementations of such programs, allowing programs to be more portable between platforms with various degrees of parallelism.
The kernels can be expressed in many different ways; for example, as imperative programs with read and write statements for the communication or as a set of actions that can be performed and conditions for when these actions can be executed. Traditionally, there has been a tension between how the kernels are expressed and how efficiently they can be implemented. There are very efficient implementation techniques for stream programs with restricted expressiveness, such as synchronous dataflow.

In this article, we present a framework for building stream program compilers that we call Tÿcho. At the core of this framework is a common kernel representation, based on a machine model for stream program kernels called
actor machine
, on which transformations and optimizations are performed. Both imperative and action-based kernels are translated to this common representation, making the same optimizations applicable to different kinds of kernels, and even across source language boundaries. An actor machine is described by the steps of execution that a kernel can take, and the conditions for taking them, together with a
controller
that decides how the conditions are tested and the steps are taken.

We outline how kernels of an imperative process language and an action-based language are decomposed and translated to the common kernel representation, and we describe a simple backend that generates sequential C code from this representation. We present optimization heuristics of the decision process in the controller that we evaluate using a few dozen kernels from a video decoder with various degrees of complexity. We also present kernel fusion, by merging the controllers of actor machines, as a way of scheduling kernels on the same processor, which we compare to prior art.
Myocarditis Causing Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Turagam Mohit K. , Yarlagadda Bharath , Dar Tawseef , Hamblin Mark , Krause Megan , Parikh Valay , Bommana Sudharani , Atkins Donita , Di Biase Luigi , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Rosamond Thomas , Carroll Heidi , Nydegger Cheri , Wetzel Louis , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Natale Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Premature ventricular contractions are a common clinical presentation that drives further diagnostic workup. We hypothesize the presence of underlying inflammation is often unrecognized in these patients with a potential for continued disease progression if not diagnosed and treated early in the disease course.

Methods:
This is a single-center, prospective study including 107 patients with frequent symptomatic premature ventricular contractions (>5000/24 h) and no known ischemic heart disease. Patients underwent a combination of laboratory testing, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and biopsy. Patients were diagnosed with myocarditis based on a multidisciplinary approach and treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 57±15 years, 41% were males, and left ventricular ejection fraction was 47±11.8%. Positive positron emission tomography scan was seen in 51% (55/107), of which 51% (28/55) had preserved left ventricle function. Based on clinical profile, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose—positron emission tomography imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance, and histological data 58% patients (32/55) received immunosuppressive therapy alone and 25.4% (14/55) received immunosuppressive therapy and catheter ablation. Optimal response was seen in 67% (31/46) over a mean follow-up of 6±3 months. In patients with left ventricle systolic dysfunction, 37% (10/27) showed an improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 13±6%.

Conclusions:
Approximately 51% of patients presenting with frequent premature ventricular contractions have underlying myocardial inflammation in this cohort. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose—positron emission tomography scan can be a useful modality for early diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressive therapy in selected patients can improve clinical outcomes.
Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction Adds Prognostic Information Beyond Myocardial Replacement Fibrosis
Authors: Yang Eric Y. , Ghosn Mohamad G. , Khan Mohammad A. , Gramze Nickalaus L. , Brunner Gerd , Nabi Faisal , Nambi Vijay , Nagueh Sherif F. , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Schelbert Erik B. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Zoghbi William A. , Shah Dipan J. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cardiac magnetic resonance techniques permit quantification of the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV), representing a surrogate marker of reactive interstitial fibrosis, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), representing replacement fibrosis or scar. ECV and LGE have been independently linked with heart failure (HF) events. In deriving ECV, coronary artery disease type LGE, but not non-coronary artery disease type LGE, has been consistently excluded. We examined the associations between LGE, global ECV derived from myocardial tissue segments free of any detectable scar, and subsequent HF events.

Methods:
Mid short-axis T1 maps were divided into 6 cardiac segments, each classified as LGE absent or present. Global ECV was derived from only segments without LGE. ECV was considered elevated if >30%, the upper 95% bounds of a reference group without known cardiac disease (n=28). Patients were divided into 4 groups by presence of elevated ECV and of any LGE. Subsequent HF hospitalization and any death were ascertained. Their relationship with ECV was examined separately and as a composite with Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:
Of 1604 serial patients with T1 maps, 1255 were eligible after exclusions and followed over a median 26.3 (interquartile range, 15.9–37.5) months. Patients with elevated ECV had increased risk for death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.45 [95% CI, 1.76–3.41]), HF hospitalization (HR, 2.45 [95% CI, 1.77–3.40]), and a combined end point of both outcomes (HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.94–3.14]). After adjustments for covariates including LGE, the relationship persisted for death (HR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.28–2.59]), hospitalization (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.12–2.27]), and combined end points (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.34–2.24]).

Conclusions:
ECV measures of diffuse myocardial fibrosis were associated with HF outcomes, despite exclusion of replacement fibrosis segments from their derivation and even among patients without any scar. ECV may have a synergistic role with LGE in HF risk assessment.
Resolving New Keynesian Anomalies with Wealth in the Utility Function
Authors: Michaillat Pascal , Saez Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
At the zero lower bound, the New Keynesian model predicts that output and inflation collapse to implausibly low levels and that government spending and forward guidance have implausibly large effects. To resolve these anomalies, we introduce wealth into the utility function; the justification is that wealth is a marker of social status, and people value status. Since people partly save to accrue social status, the Euler equation is modified. As a result, when the marginal utility of wealth is sufficiently large, the dynamical system representing the zero-lower-bound equilibrium transforms from a saddle to a source, which resolves all the anomalies.
How Prevalent Are Invertebrates in Human-Animal Scholarship? Scoping Study of Anthrozoös and Society & Animals
Authors: Wilkie Rhoda M. , Moore Lisa Jean , Molloy Claire 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe field of Human-Animal Studies (HAS) is about human-animal relations. However, which nonhuman animals does the field encompass? In recent years, some scholars have noted a bias towards vertebrate species, especially domesticated mammals. To assess how prevalent (or not) invertebrates have been in HAS scholarship, a three-stage scoping study was conducted of two pioneering journals in the field: Anthrozoös and Society & Animals. This article reports on preliminary findings and confirms that human-animal scholarship, as presented in these two leading journals, is characterized by “institutional vertebratism,” albeit the extent of this invertebrate knowledge gap needs to be fully assessed. If the next generation of HAS scholars are to comprehend the extensive range of interspecies contexts, they must be more inclusive in terms of the diversity of animal species studied. Widening the species net is therefore a necessary corrective to address vertebrate bias in this field.
Suicide Prevention Interventions for Older People in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chauliac Nicolas , Leaune Edouard , Gardette Virginie , Poulet Emmanuel , Duclos Antoine 
Published: December 2019

Background: The death rate due to suicide among older people is high, especially among men. Because many older people live in nursing homes or long-term care facilities in high-income countries, reviewing the impact of prevention strategies on the suicidal behavior of residents in these settings is of interest. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the existing literature found in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts, focusing on interventions to prevent suicidal behavior or ideation in nursing home residents. The studies’ quality was evaluated according to TIDieR and MMAT. Results: Only 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four of them described various “gatekeeper” trainings for nursing home staff and 2 described interventions focused on residents. Only 1 study was randomized. Gatekeeper training studies were mostly before/after comparisons. No intervention demonstrated a direct effect on suicidal ideation or behaviors. One study showed that “life review” had a long-lasting effect on depression scores and another that gatekeeper training led to changes in the care of suicidal residents. Conclusions: Interventions to prevent suicidal ideation or behaviors in nursing homes are not rigorously evaluated, and no conclusion can be drawn on their effectiveness in preventing suicidal behaviors. We propose to better evaluate gatekeeper training for staff as well as peer support. Individual interventions targeting residents could be modified for broader implementation.
Preliminary Efficacy of a Recruitment Educational Strategy on Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge, Research Participation Attitudes, and Enrollment Among Hispanics
Authors: Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Shaw Ashley , McGee Jerrihlyn L. , Moore W. Todd , Hinton Ladson , Resendez Jason , Monroe Stephanie , Dwyer John , Vidoni Eric D. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Hispanics remain underrepresented in dementia clinical research. This one-arm trial aimed to assess the preliminary efficacy of a culturally tailored recruitment educational strategy among Hispanic older adults on dementia knowledge, research participation attitudes, and enrollment. Method: The recruitment strategy included 6 one-session culturally tailored dementia education events at trusted community senior centers. Participants received a pre–post survey including a 5-point Likert-type scale and the Epidemiology/Etiology Disease Scale to assess dementia knowledge, and a 4-point Likert-type scale assessing research participation attitudes. We gave participants contact information slips to complete if interested in dementia research. We also tracked participants’ enrollment into the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Cohort. Results: Dementia knowledge increased 0.9 points (5-point Likert-type scale) and 2.2 points (epidemiology/etiology disease scale, p < .001). Interest in participating in dementia research increased from 61.7% to 80.9% ( p = .039), 64.0% returned their contact information slips, and 41.1% successfully enrolled into the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Cohort. Conclusion: A recruitment strategy including culturally tailored dementia education improves dementia knowledge, research participation attitudes, and enrollment among Hispanic older adults.
Free cholesterol transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis underlies the U-shape relationship between HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Feng Ma , Darabi Maryam , Tubeuf Emilie , Canicio Aurélie , Lhomme Marie , Frisdal Eric , Lanfranchi-Lebreton Sandrine , Matheron Lucrèce , Rached Fabiana , Ponnaiah Maharajah , Serrano Carlos V , Santos Raul D , Brites Fernando , Bolbach Gerard , Gautier Emmanuel , Huby Thierry , Carrie Alain , Bruckert Eric , Guerin Maryse , Couvert Philippe , Giral Philippe , Lesnik Philippe , Le Goff Wilfried , Guillas Isabelle , Kontush Anatol 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundLow concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor. Paradoxically, extremely high HDL-C levels are equally associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship of HDL-C with cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying this association are presently unknown. We hypothesised that the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to acquire free cholesterol upon triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase underlies the non-linear relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk.MethodsTo assess our hypothesis, we developed a novel assay to evaluate the capacity of HDL to acquire free cholesterol (as fluorescent TopFluor® cholesterol) from TGRL upon in vitro lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase.ResultsWhen the assay was applied to several populations markedly differing in plasma HDL-C levels, transfer of free cholesterol was significantly decreased in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (−45%) and type 2 diabetes (–25%), and in subjects with extremely high HDL-C of >2.59 mmol/L (>100 mg/dL) (−20%) versus healthy normolipidaemic controls. When these data were combined and plotted against HDL-C concentrations, an inverse U-shape relationship was observed. Consistent with these findings, animal studies revealed that the capacity of HDL to acquire cholesterol upon lipolysis was reduced in low HDL-C apolipoprotein A-I knock-out mice and was negatively correlated with aortic accumulation of [3H]-cholesterol after oral gavage, attesting this functional characteristic as a negative metric of postprandial atherosclerosis.ConclusionsFree cholesterol transfer to HDL upon TGRL lipolysis may underlie the U-shape relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis.
Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Trade-off Among Carbon Emissions, Surface Roughness, and Processing Time
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Gao Dong , Lu Yong , Liu Xianli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs the manufacturing industry is facing increasingly serious environmental problems, because of which carbon tax policies are being implemented, choosing the optimum cutting parameters during the machining process is crucial for automobile panel dies in order to achieve synergistic minimization of the environment impact, product quality, and processing efficiency. This paper presents a processing task-based evaluation method to optimize the cutting parameters, considering the trade-off among carbon emissions, surface roughness, and processing time. Three objective models and their relationships with the cutting parameters were obtained through input–output, response surface, and theoretical analyses, respectively. Examples of cylindrical turning were applied to achieve a central composite design (CCD), and relative validation experiments were applied to evaluate the proposed method. The experiments were conducted on the CAK50135di lathe cutting of AISI 1045 steel, and NSGA-II was used to obtain the Pareto fronts of the three objectives. Based on the TOPSIS method, the Pareto solution set was ranked to find the optimal solution to evaluate and select the optimal cutting parameters. An S/N ratio analysis and contour plots were applied to analyze the influence of each decision variable on the optimization objective. Finally, the changing rules of a single factor for each objective were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in finding the trade-off among the three objectives and obtaining reasonable application ranges of the cutting parameters from Pareto fronts.
Refining the concept of GFAP toxicity in Alexander disease
Authors: Messing Albee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Alexander disease is caused by dominantly acting mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the major intermediate filament of astrocytes in the central nervous system.

Main body
In addition to the sequence variants that represent the origin of disease, GFAP accumulation also takes place, together leading to a gain-of-function that has sometimes been referred to as “GFAP toxicity.” Whether the nature of GFAP toxicity in patients, who have mixtures of both mutant and normal protein, is the same as that produced by simple GFAP excess, is not yet clear.

Conclusion
The implications of these questions for the design of effective treatments are discussed.
A diffusion-weighted imaging tract-based spatial statistics study of autism spectrum disorder in preschool-aged children
Authors: Andrews Derek Sayre , Lee Joshua K. , Solomon Marjorie , Rogers Sally J. , Amaral David G. , Nordahl Christine Wu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are widely theorized to result from altered brain connectivity. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been a versatile method for investigating underlying microstructural properties of white matter (WM) in ASD. Despite phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity, DWI studies in majority male samples of older children, adolescents, and adults with ASD have largely reported findings of decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across several commissural, projection, and association fiber tracts. However, studies in preschool-aged children (i.e., < 30–40 months) suggest individuals with ASD have increased measures of WM FA earlier in development.

Methods
We analyzed 127 individuals with ASD (85♂, 42♀) and 54 typically developing (TD) controls (42♂, 26♀), aged 25.1–49.6 months. Voxel-wise effects of ASD diagnosis, sex, age, and their interaction on DWI measures of FA, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were investigated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) while controlling mean absolute and relative motion.

Results
Compared to TD controls, males and females with ASD had significantly increased measures of FA in eight clusters (threshold-free cluster enhancement p < 0.05) that incorporated several WM tracts including regions of the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, inferior frontal-occipital fasciculi, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi, middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, and corticospinal tract. A diagnosis by sex interaction was observed in measures of AD across six significant clusters incorporating areas of the body, genu, and splenium of the corpus collosum. In these tracts, females with ASD showed increased AD compared to TD females, while males with ASD showed decreased AD compared to TD males.

Conclusions
The current findings support growing evidence that preschool-aged children with ASD have atypical measures of WM microstructure that appear to differ in directionality from alterations observed in older individuals with the condition. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest sample of preschool-aged females with ASD to be evaluated using DWI. Microstructural differences associated with ASD largely overlapped between sexes. However, differential relationships of AD measures indicate that sex likely modulates ASD neuroanatomical phenotypes. Further longitudinal study is needed to confirm and quantify the developmental relationship of WM structure in ASD.
White matter as a monitoring biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorder intervention studies
Authors: Swanson Meghan R. , Hazlett Heather C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly intervention is a valuable tool to support the development of toddlers with neurodevelopmental disorders. With recent research advances in early identification that allow for pre-symptomatic detection of autism in infancy, scientists are looking forward to intervention during infancy. These advances may be supported by the identification of biologically based treatment and outcome measures that are sensitive and dimensional.Main body of abstractThe purpose of this review is to evaluate white matter neurodevelopment as a monitoring biomarker for early treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as used as exemplars. White matter has unique neurobiology, including a prolonged period of dynamic development. This developmental pattern may make white matter especially responsive to treatment. White matter develops aberrantly in children with ASD and FXS. Histologic studies in rodents have provided targets for FXS pharmacological intervention. However, pharmaceutical clinical trials in humans failed to garner positive clinical results. In this article, we argue that the use of neurobiological monitoring biomarkers may overcome some of these limitations, as they are objective, not susceptible to placebo effects, and are dimensional in nature.Short conclusionAs the field moves towards earlier detection and early intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders, we encourage scientists to consider the advantages of using neurobiological features as monitoring biomarkers.