bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical utility of cardiac myosin inhibitors for the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a scoping review
Authors: Othman Leen , Koskina Lida , Huerta Nicholas , Rao Shiavax J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited condition characterized by left ventricular, non-dilated hypertrophy in the absence of another secondary underlying cause. There has been an ongoing increase in the diagnosis of HCM over the past couple of decades, prompting further work in the area of pharmacological and interventional therapies. This scoping review aimed to summarize the traditional therapeutic options for HCM and to explore emerging research on novel cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMIs) as a new option for pharmacologic management of HCM. A PRISMA search strategy was carried out to identify the pertinent literature on mavacamten and aficamten—two novel CMIs. Seventeen studies were included. Based on the results of the studies included in this review, cardiac myosin inhibitors have been proven to be a safe and efficacious second-line option for the management of HCM. In the foreseeable future, based on results of ongoing studies investigating patient outcomes and side-effect profile, CMIs may potentially play a larger role as part of standard treatment of HCM.
Exploring Group Work on Open-Ended Geometrical Tasks: Face-to-Face and Online
Authors: Levenson Esther S. , Dasuqi Amani 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the relationships between group work on open-ended geometrical tasks and the physical and social environments in which they take place. Two groups of twelfth grade students worked on two open-ended geometry tasks. One group worked face-to-face (f-f), and one worked synchronously online. Products of the group work were analyzed in terms of fluency and flexibility. Findings indicated that the environments affected aspects of group work such as responsiveness and gesturing. Students in the online group were able to work simultaneously on the first task producing greater fluency than the f-f group. On the second task, students in the f-f group used gestures, contributing to attentiveness and imagination, leading to greater flexibility. Furthermore, the task and its presentation interact with both the physical and social environments playing a part in the production of solutions.
On the optimal integration of legacy and SDWN communication nodes in emergency scenarios
Authors: Sousa Daniela , Sargento Susana , Luís Miguel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpontaneous networks may need to establish connections with already-in-place devices and their resources, irrespectively of their capabilities, for example, in emergency scenarios. Interoperability and integration are a key issue when combining multiple wireless networks and heterogeneous devices. To address this issue, this article extends the SDN concept, and presents a new hybrid network architecture that combines legacy devices in a wireless data plane, therefore increasing the range, and making the network more efficient, dynamic and programmable. In this article, we propose an optimized adaptive routing approach in a network architecture that joins SDN-capable devices with legacy devices for emergency scenarios. This solution takes into consideration the impact that a flow can have in the network, therefore minimizing its channel interference, and to a certain degree, balancing the load in the network’s devices. In this work, the importance of the network and service parameters is optimized through machine learning for each flow’s data rate, and then feed into the routing approach to determine the best hybrid legacy and SDN-based path. Results show that the new architecture can successfully integrate the legacy devices in the wireless software defined data plane, and utilize them to increase the performance. The combination of delivery ratio and delay are always relevant to every data rate. The link stability is more relevant for lower data rates, while the break probability is more relevant for higher data rates. Moreover, the number of hops and possible interference combined have a high importance in every data rates, and the nodes’ speed knowledge can have a good impact on the network performance.
Tectobasidium (incertae sedis, Basidiomycota), a new genus for T. chlamydosporum, comb. nov., and T. cornutum, sp. nov
Authors: Spirin Viacheslav , Malysheva Vera , Nilsson R. Henrik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new genus, Tectobasidium, is described to accommodate T. chlamydosporum, comb. nov. (= Achroomyces chlamydosporus), and T. cornutum, sp. nov. Both species possess two-celled basidia and cylindrical basidiospores, as well as characteristic, thick-walled and cyanophilous chlamydospores. Tectobasidium spp. develop in the living basidiocarps of other basidiomycetes (Helicogloea and Myxarium) as intrahymenial fungi. No signs of the parasitic habit have been detected for them, although a mycoparasitic strategy cannot be completely ruled out. nc LSU rDNA-based phylogenetic inference places Tectobasidium at the very base of the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina, with moderate (BI) or strong (ML) support. Due to the lack of additional DNA, ultrastructural, and cultural data, we leave the suprageneric classification of Tectobasidium unresolved.
Artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric sleep: AI vs. expert-generated psychotherapeutic pediatric sleep stories
Authors: Schlarb Angelika A. , Faber Jasmin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Adequate sleep is crucial for child health and development; however, sleep problems are common, affecting 25% of children. Psychotherapeutic stories are an effective tool in child therapy, with key elements including relatable characters, clear messages, emotional engagement, and interactivity. Such stories can help children regulate emotions, develop problem-solving skills, and model positive behaviors. Research on therapeutic stories for sleep issues is limited.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate whether trained reviewers can identify artificial intelligence (AI)-constructed psychotherapeutic sleep stories for children.

Materials and methods
Four reviewers trained in developing therapeutic stories evaluated 20 bedtime stories (10 psychotherapist-constructed and 10 AI-constructed) assigned to them at random. The AI-constructed stories were created using ChatGPT. Participants completed a questionnaire after reading each story, focusing on various aspects of the content. In a second step, the reviewers participated in a 30-minute interview for qualitative feedback.

Results
Analysis of 80 questionnaires from four reviewers revealed that 85% of all stories were correctly categorized, with 95% of AI stories identified as such. Expert stories were categorized correctly in 75% of the cases. However, results also show that AI-constructed stories lacked in sleep-related cognitions, emotions, and daytime consequences, but included sleep-related problems and recommendations. Reviewers noted similarities in story structure and repetition in AI-generated stories.

Conclusion
The need for prevention tools for sleep disturbances is urgent, with early interventions for different age groups essential. This pilot study showed that AI- and expert-constructed psychotherapeutic stories share similarities in addressing sleep-related problems; however, the latter seem to be superior regarding key elements of such stories. Future research should involve a wider range of professionals and parents. Ultimately, tailored stories may play a key role in early interventions for children’s sleep health.
Effect of Margarine Replacement by a Low-Saturated Fat Bigel on Puff Pastry Quality
Authors: Steinkellner Christine , Ohlmeyer Mette , Franke Knut 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe reduction of saturated fats in the formulation of bakery products has become an important issue in recent years. In this work, puff pastries were prepared from a novel bigel with a low content of saturated fatty acids compared to conventional laminating margarine (control) high in saturated fatty acids. The bigel was made from a canola oil/carnauba wax oleogel and a xanthan gum–based hydrogel under the presence of a monoacylglyceride emulsifier with an oleogel-to-hydrogel ratio of 80:20. The amount of fat used in the puff pastries was 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% based on the flour weight of the puff pastry dough. Physicochemical characteristics of the two laminating fats were compared and their ability to form continuous layers within the dough during the lamination process was evaluated using microscopy. Characterisation of the puff pastry quality, texture, and pore structure was conducted to evaluate the effect of bigel incorporation and total fat reduction on the baked puff pastries. With the fat replacement, a reduction of almost 90% saturated fatty acids could be achieved compared to the control while firmness and puffing effect were not adversely affected. Lift irregularity, shrinkage, and specific volume were lower in the puff pastries prepared with bigel compared to the margarine puff pastry with the same fat content. Reducing the total fat content of puff pastry had an adverse effect on all quality parameters, both for bigels and control.
A Bias Network Approach (BNA) to Encourage Ethical Reflection Among AI Developers
Authors: Arriagada-Bruneau Gabriela , López Claudia , Davidoff Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We introduce the Bias Network Approach (BNA) as a sociotechnical method for AI developers to identify, map, and relate biases across the AI development process. This approach addresses the limitations of what we call the "isolationist approach to AI bias," a trend in AI literature where biases are seen as separate occurrences linked to specific stages in an AI pipeline. Dealing with these multiple biases can trigger a sense of excessive overload in managing each potential bias individually or promote the adoption of an uncritical approach to understanding the influence of biases in developers’ decision-making. The BNA fosters dialogue and a critical stance among developers, guided by external experts, using graphical representations to depict biased connections. To test the BNA, we conducted a pilot case study on the "waiting list” project, involving a small AI developer team creating a healthcare waiting list NPL model in Chile. The analysis showed promising findings: (i) the BNA aids in visualizing interconnected biases and their impacts, facilitating ethical reflection in a more accessible way; (ii) it promotes transparency in decision-making throughout AI development; and (iii) more focus is necessary on professional biases and material limitations as sources of bias in AI development.
Urinary oxytocin secretion after pituitary surgery, early arginine vasopressin deficiency and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Authors: Constanthin Paul E. , Isidor Nathalie , De Seigneux Sophie , Momjian Shahan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transient arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), previously called diabetes insipidus, is a well-known complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TPS) with no definite predictive biomarker to date making it difficult to anticipate. While oxytocin (OXT) was previously suggested as a possible biomarker to predict syndrome of inappropriate diuresis (SIAD)-related hyponatraemia after TPS, its secretion in patients presenting with AVP-D remains poorly understood. We therefore hypothesized that OXT might present a different secretion in the case of AVP-D which would support its potential as an early biomarker of AVP-D. Moreover, we hypothesized that abnormal secretion of OXT might occur later on, notably with SIAD.

Methods
We measured the urinary output of OXT in 67 consecutive patients subjected to TPS and compared the values of oxytocin between time-points and OXT ratio between groups. The primary endpoint of our study was to identify a difference in urinary OXT excretion in patients suffering from AVP-D compared to patients remaining normonatraemic. As a secondary endpoint, we compared the evolution of OXT secretion after the diagnosis of AVP-D in both groups, comparing the patients that later developed SIAD with the ones that did not.

Results
Patients developing AVP-D showed a delay in the increase of OXT secretion after TPS as shown by a significantly lower ratio of OXT between the first postoperative day and the day of surgery (0.88 VS 1.68, p = 0.0162, IC:0.2979–0.2642) but a significantly higher ratio of OXT between the fourth and the first postoperative days (1.17 VS 0.53, p = 0.0006, IC:−2.109–0.6092). Moreover, normonatraemic patients that did not show normalization of OXT levels at day 4 after surgery tended to develop SIAD later on.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results show for the first time that OXT release might help predict AVP-D after TPS and differentiate it from other pathologies of water-sodium balance.
Lack of gastric emptying at autopsy eleven days after heat trauma in the sauna– a forensic autopsy case report
Authors: Kerscher Susanne R. , Kern Natascha , Chistiakova Nadezhda , Verhoff Doreen , Verhoff Marcel A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA man in his mid-70s passed out in a public 90-degree sauna and remained unconscious for at least half an hour. He suffered third-degree burns to approximately 50% of his body surface area. Despite immediate transport to a burn center and intensive care therapy, he did not regain consciousness and died eleven days later.When the body was opened, the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen showed changes consistent with the burns, intensive care therapy, and clinically suspected septic shock. The stomach contained approximately 200 ml of thickened chyme with coarse vegetable components. Such food components were not seen in the duodenum or in the following intestinal segments.Considering the overall circumstances, the stomach contents must have been the last meal the man had eaten before the sauna session. The problem of reduced gastrointestinal motility in burn patients is clinically recognized. Nevertheless, a complete failure of gastric emptying for eleven days after intensive care therapy has not been described before and shows that the use of gastric contents in forensic practice is inappropriate for drawing conclusions about the time interval between last food intake and death and thus for estimating the time of death.
Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Utilization of Medications for Obesity Management in a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Narain Kimberly , Scannell Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The burden of obesity falls disproportionately on some racial and ethnic minority groups.

Objective
To assess for racial and ethnic differences in the utilization of obesity-management medications among clinically eligible individuals.

Design
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2011–2016, 2018 and 2020) data and a cross-sectional study design was used to assess for racial and ethnic differences in obesity-management medication utilization. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the association of race and ethnicity with obesity-management medication utilization. Adjusted models controlled for demographics, socioeconomic status, obesity class, diabetes status, number of chronic conditions, insurance status, and geographic region.

Participants
Adults with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and individuals with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with ≥ 1 weight-related condition.

Main Measures
The primary outcome measure was utilization of an FDA-approved medication for obesity-management during the study period. The primary independent predictor was race and ethnicity. Separate indicator variables were created for each racial and ethnic group (Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White (reference group)).

Key Results
In adjusted analyses, Asian (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.77; P < 0.01), Black (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.68; P < 0.001) and Hispanic individuals (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.98; P = 0.04) had significantly lower odds of utilizing obesity-management medications compared to White individuals.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in the use of obesity-management medications.
Adolescents’ Self-Regulation of Social Media Use During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Idiographic Approach
Authors: Dreier Melissa J. , Low Carissa A. , Fedor Jennifer , Durica Krina C. , Hamilton Jessica L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdolescent social media serves a broad range of functions, which may be helpful for some and harmful for others. During the COVID-19 lockdown, social media evolved considerably, occupying an even more central role in adolescents’ lives. This study leverages a new approach to measuring social media use behaviors—passive smartphone sensing. Specifically, we aimed to test if and how adolescents self-regulate their social media use in response to how they feel during and after use. This study followed 19 adolescents for 1 month. Participants completed baseline measures, assessing demographic and clinical characteristics. We used passive smartphone sensing to measure objective social media use behaviors (“screen time” and checking) for a 1-month period. Adolescents also completed daily diary questions on their mood. Analyses took an idiographic (n = 1) approach. Dynamic structural equation models tested daily and next-day relationships between social media use behaviors and mood for each adolescent. Most adolescents (n = 13 of 19) did not self-regulate their social media use in relation to their mood. Most importantly, they did not use it less when they felt more negative mood during use. That said, some adolescents (n = 6) did alter their social media use behaviors depending on their mood. Each adolescent’s pattern of social media use and mood was also qualitatively interpreted within their context of demographic (e.g., experience of holding a minoritized identity) and clinical characteristics (e.g., history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors). These results highlight the next steps for possible intervention points to help adolescents adjust their use patterns to maximize mental health benefits while minimizing possible harm. Findings also begin to develop a template for applying social media use recommendations, while centering the experiences of individual adolescents.
Exploring how falls prevention practitioners assess and manage concerns about falling
Authors: Nicklen Bianca , Delbaere Kim , Ellmers Toby J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Concerns about falling (CaF) are common in older adults. They can lead to various negative outcomes, including an increased risk for future falls. The Worlds Falls Guidelines recently published recommendations for assessing and treating CaF. However, the extent to which these guidelines have been adopted into falls prevention practice (in addition to the barriers preventing implementation) are currently unknown.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was completed by 114 healthcare professionals working in falls prevention and rehabilitation services in the UK and Ireland. The survey explored their experiences and perceptions regarding the management and assessment of CaF.

Results
Only 39% of respondents reported using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), a tool recommended by the World Falls Guidelines for assessing CaF. Healthcare professionals in hospital settings were significantly less likely to use the FES-I compared to those working in the community (X
2 = 6.324, p = 0.043). While there was no significant difference between settings regarding the type of intervention used to manage CaF, only about 50% of participants adopted a holistic approach combining physical and psychological strategies as recommended by the World Falls Guidelines. The most commonly identified barriers to clinical management of CaF were a lack of both time and perceived effective interventions, particularly for those working within hospital settings (X
2 = 6.209, p = 0.013 and X
2 = 3.752, p = 0.053, respectively).

Conclusion
These findings indicate low levels of adoption of the World Falls Guidelines recommendations for assessing and managing CaF, especially in hospital settings. Future work should focus on addressing these barriers to maximise the clinical adoption of these recommendations.
A variable increase of debris cover on Pyrenean glaciers from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Izagirre Eñaut , Palacios Ander , Vidaller Ixeia , Serrano Enrique , López-Moreno Juan Ignacio , Ormaetxea Orbange , Revuelto Jesús 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe last remaining very small glaciers (< 0.5 km2) of the Pyrenees are the southernmost glaciers in Europe and respond rapidly to climate variability. Most of them are also influenced by local topographic factors and geomorphological processes impacting the energy and mass balance. This paper presents the first temporal study on the changes in debris cover on Pyrenean glaciers from 2000 to 2022 at a regional scale. The data allowed for the first analysis of the lithological characteristics of each glaciarised cirque in order to identify possible factors that determine the evolution of debris input. We manually mapped the extent of supraglacial debris with corresponding glacier outlines using very high-resolution aerial imagery and the existing glacier inventories from 2000, 2011, 2020 and 2022. The results show that debris cover on Pyrenean glaciers has increased significantly in number and extent over the study period whilst glaciers continue to decline and shrink. In 2022, 14 of the 18 remaining glaciers have debris cover greater than 10% of their area, and six have debris cover greater than 40%. The observed increase in debris cover is much stronger for glaciers determined by topoclimatic factors and located on metamorphic and sedimentary cirques, which underlines the important role of paraglacial processes in their development. Meanwhile, glaciers on granitic cirques have lower debris cover and have shown a lesser increase compared to initial measurements conditions. Future work should focus on understanding debris sources and their characteristics to determine the role of debris cover in the response of Pyrenean glaciers to climate change.