bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NPD und AfD als Wiedergänger des Nationalsozialismus und Nationalismus? Eine Bildanalyse von Magazincovern
Authors: Klumpp Lorenz 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge des Erscheinens und der Etablierung der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) widmen sich zahlreiche Studien ihrem Aufstieg, ihren Kommunikationsstrategien sowie der medialen Berichterstattung über die Partei. Diese Studien beziehen sich überwiegend auf textuelle Botschaften. Da visuelle Medien jedoch allgegenwärtig sind und unser Verständnis bzw. unsere Interpretationen von Politik beeinflussen, gilt es, politische Sachverhalte stärker als bislang mittels bildbezogener Ansätze zu reflektieren. Im theoretischen Teil wird dies unter Bezugnahme auf die Konzepte der politischen Vision und der visuellen Politik begründet. Empirisch wird anschließend mittels ikonographisch-ikonologischer Analysen die Frage beantwortet, wie das NachrichtenmagazinDer Spiegeldie Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) und die AfD in ihren Aufstiegs- bzw. Etablierungsphasen auf seinen Titelbildern visualisiert. Ein Vergleich von Darstellungen jener Parteien, die in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik im rechten Spektrum erfolgreich waren, erlaubt es, Kontinuitäten im visuellen medialen Framing dieser Akteure herauszustellen.Die explorative Analyse zeigt, dassDer Spiegelauf seinen Titelbildern sowohl in Bezug auf die NPD als auch auf die AfD mehrfach auf Vergleiche zum Nationalsozialismus wie auch zum übersteigerten Nationalismus setzt. Außerdem steht der dynamische Aufstieg beider Parteien im Mittelpunkt. Die visuellen Frames werden vor dem Hintergrund ihrer potentiellen Bedeutungen für den Diskurs kritisch erörtert. Außerdem werden Wege für die Ausweitung der präsentierten Bildanalysen aufgezeigt.
Die Zukunft digitalisierter Demokratie – Perspektiven für die Forschung
Authors: Borucki Isabelle , Michels Dennis , Marschall Stefan 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungWie funktioniert die digitale Demokratie? Dieser Frage geht der Beitrag mit der These nach einer Anerkennung der Funktionslogiken bei der Betrachtung der Digitaldemokratie nach. Dabei wird die Digitaldemokratie nicht mit bekannten Konzepten aus der vordigitalen Zeit verglichen, sondern ihre neuen Funktionslogiken als solche anerkannt. Ein daran anknüpfender Vorschlag für eine Betrachtung der Digitaldemokratie thematisiert mit der digitalen Spaltung eine umfassende Herausforderung. Zudem werden Zukunftsperspektiven formuliert, die sich mit den Forschungsbereichen der hybriden Partizipation und Künstlicher Intelligenz als möglicher Heilung digitaler Spaltungen befassen. Weitere Felder, die beachtenswert erscheinen, sind mediale Funktionslogiken, die Untersuchung von Affordanzen und Architekturen sowie das Phänomen der „Dark Participation“. Alle Forschungsbereiche haben gemein, dass sie aufzeigen, wo durch die Perspektive des Digitalen die Veränderungen, aber auch Persistenzen liberaler wie illiberaler Systeme gelesen werden können.
On Algorithmic Descriptions and Software Implementations for Multi-objective Optimisation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rostami Shahin , Neri Ferrante , Gyaurski Kiril 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMulti-objective optimisation is a prominent subfield of optimisation with high relevance in real-world problems, such as engineering design. Over the past 2 decades, a multitude of heuristic algorithms for multi-objective optimisation have been introduced and some of them have become extremely popular. Some of the most promising and versatile algorithms have been implemented in software platforms. This article experimentally investigates the process of interpreting and implementing algorithms by examining multiple popular implementations of three well-known algorithms for multi-objective optimisation. We observed that official and broadly employed software platforms interpreted and thus implemented the same heuristic search algorithm differently. These different interpretations affect the algorithmic structure as well as the software implementation. Numerical results show that these differences cause statistically significant differences in performance.
Fast hybrid numerical-asymptotic boundary element methods for high frequency screen and aperture problems based on least-squares collocation
Authors: Gibbs A. , Hewett D. P. , Huybrechs D. , Parolin E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a hybrid numerical-asymptotic (HNA) boundary element method (BEM) for high frequency scattering by two-dimensional screens and apertures, whose computational cost to achieve any prescribed accuracy remains bounded with increasing frequency. Our method is a collocation implementation of the high orderhpHNA approximation space of Hewett et al. (IMA J Numer Anal 35:1698–1728, 2015), where a Galerkin implementation was studied. An advantage of the current collocation scheme is that the one-dimensional highly oscillatory singular integrals appearing in the BEM matrix entries are significantly easier to evaluate than the two-dimensional integrals appearing in the Galerkin case, which leads to much faster computation times. Here we compute the required integrals at frequency-independent cost using the numerical method of steepest descent, which involves complex contour deformation. The change from Galerkin to collocation is nontrivial because naive collocation implementations based on square linear systems suffer from severe numerical instabilities associated with the numerical redundancy of the HNA basis, which produces highly ill-conditioned BEM matrices. In this paper we show how these instabilities can be removed by oversampling, and solving the resulting overdetermined collocation system in a weighted least-squares sense using a truncated singular value decomposition. On the basis of our numerical experiments, the amount of oversampling required to stabilise the method is modest (around 25% typically suffices), and independent of frequency. As an application of our method we present numerical results for high frequency scattering by prefractal approximations to the middle-third Cantor set.
Learning to Appreciate the Gray Areas: A Critical Notice of Anil Gupta’s “Conscious Experience”
Authors: Hochstein Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnil Gupta’s Conscious Experience: A Logical Inquiry provides an impressive and novel account of rational justification based on conscious experience which is used as a foundation for a new theory of empiricism. In this critical notice, I argue that Gupta’s project is fascinating, but is often hampered by a lack of sufficient philosophical justification and clarity regarding some essential features of his project, as well as a lack of engagement with relevant scientific domains that would directly bear on it, such as computational neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and cognitive psychology. This limits the sort of logical inquiry available to him in problematic ways.
Increased hand hygiene compliance in nursing homes after a multimodal intervention: A cluster randomized controlled trial (HANDSOME)
Authors: Teesing Gwen R. , Erasmus Vicki , Nieboer Daan , Petrignani Mariska , Koopmans Marion P.G , Vos Margreet C. , Verduijn-Leenman Annette , Schols Jos M.G.A , Richardus Jan H. , Voeten Helene A.C.M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of a multimodal intervention on hand hygiene compliance (HHC) in nursing homes.Design, setting, and participants:HHC was evaluated using direct, unobtrusive observation in a cluster randomized controlled trial at publicly funded nursing homes in the Netherlands. In total, 103 nursing home organizations were invited to participate; 18 organizations comprising 33 nursing homes (n = 66 nursing home units) participated in the study. Nursing homes were randomized into a control group (no intervention, n = 30) or an intervention group (multimodal intervention, n = 36). The primary outcome measure was HHC of nurses. HHC was appraised at baseline and at 4, 7, and 12 months after baseline. Observers and nurses were blinded.Intervention:Audits regarding hand hygiene (HH) materials and personal hygiene rules, 3 live lessons, an e-learning program, posters, and a photo contest. We used a new method to teach the nurses the WHO-defined 5 moments of HH: Room In, Room Out, Before Clean, and After Dirty.Results:HHC increased in both arms. The increase after 12 months was larger for units in the intervention arm (from 12% to 36%) than for control units (from 13% to 21%) (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; confidence interval [CI], 1.35–3.28). The intervention arm exhibited a statistically significant increase in HHC at 4 of the 5 WHO-defined HH moments. At follow-up, HHC in the intervention arm remained statistically significantly higher (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.59–2.34) for indications after an activity (from 37% to 39%) than for indications before an activity (from 14% to 27%).Conclusions:The HANDSOME intervention is successful in improving HHC in nursing homes.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers at a London NHS Trust
Authors: Grant Joseph J. , Wilmore Stephanie M.S. , McCann Naina S. , Donnelly Owain , Lai Rebecca W.L. , Kinsella Matthew J. , Rochford Helena L. , Patel Trupti , Kelsey Michael C. , Andrews Julie A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHealthcare workers (HCWs) have a theoretically increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) given their occupational exposure. We tested 2,167 HCWs in a London Acute Integrated Care Organisation for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in May and June 2020 to evaluate seroprevalence. We found a seropositivity rate of 31.6% among HCWs.
OSL Dating of Earthen Mortars from a Medieval Building in Northwestern Spain: Crypt of Basílica da AscensiÓn (Allariz, Ourense)
Authors: Sanjurjo-Sánchez Jorge , Blanco-Rotea Rebeca , García-Quintela Marco V , Burbidge Christopher Ian 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThere are few papers that focus on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of earthen mortars. These mortars are abundant in historical buildings in northwestern Spain. The Basílica da AscensiónyForno da Santa building is an unfinished church built on a previous structure that was transformed into a crypt (Allariz, Ourense, NW Spain). Previous archaeological studies established a sequence of phases of construction, the first dating back to the Iron Age, with significant changes occurring in the Early and Late Medieval ages. The only datable material in the crypt is earthen mortar. Thus, eight mortar samples (seven joint mortars and one wall infill) were taken, seven of them dated by OSL. The dose rate was assessed, and the expected equivalent doses estimated based on the established archaeological age. Several grain sizes (from fine to coarse) were used in small multigrain aliquots to assess the equivalent doses and ages. No evidence of partial bleaching was observed in most samples and grain sizes. The resulting ages are younger than expected for most samples. This is explained by the fact that joints were repaired with new mortar from the 16th century onwards.
Becoming militant: embodying the Guinean revolution and Guinea–China relations
Authors: Dave Nomi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article considers the role of embodied experience in promoting revolutionary ideology in Guinea. The Republic of Guinea has long held close ties with China, and in the 1960s and 1970s the country pursued its own Cultural Revolution. While Chinese songs and aesthetics had little direct artistic influence, the Guinean state embraced Maoist ideals of social and self-transformation and discipline. Such ideals were translated into daily life through the regulation of bodies, including practices of dance, movement and physical gesture that sought to create revolutionary subjects. I show here how embodied practices, including the circulation of dancers and official delegations, cultivated Guinea's relationship with China; and how practices of movement and dance were inwardly experienced within Guinea during its own Cultural Revolution. In so doing, I address some of the contradictions of the Revolution and of Guinea–China relations. While the regime pursued its goals through violence and brutality, former revolutionary subjects today remember the moment for both its pain and its pleasures – for the hardships the body had to endure and for the nationalist pride that many still feel today.
Health literacy and caregiver understanding in the CHD population
Authors: Rodts Megan E. , Unaka Ndidi I. , Statile Christopher J. , Madsen Nicolas L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:CHD is the most common birth defect type, with one-fourth of patients requiring intervention in the first year of life. Caregiver understanding of CHD may vary. Health literacy may be one factor contributing to this variability.Methods:The study occurred at a large, free-standing children’s hospital. Recruitment occurred at a free-of-charge CHD camp and during outpatient cardiology follow-up visits. The study team revised the CHD Guided Questions Tool from an eighth- to a sixth-grade reading level. Caregivers of children with CHD completed the “Newest Vital Sign” health literacy screen and demographic surveys. Health literacy was categorised as “high” (Newest Vital Sign score 4–6) or “low” (score 0–3). Caregivers were randomised to read either the original or revised Guided Questions Tool and completed a validated survey measuring understandability and actionability of the Guided Questions Tool. Understandability and actionability data analysis used two-sample t-testing, and within demographic group differences in these parameters were assessed via one-way analysis of variance.Results:Eighty-two caregivers participated who were largely well educated with a high income. The majority (79.3%) of participants scored “high” for health literacy. No differences in understanding (p = 0.43) or actionability (p = 0.11) of the original and revised Guided Questions Tool were noted. There were no socio-economic-based differences in understandability or actionability (p > 0.05). There was a trend towards improved understanding of the revised tool (p = 0.06).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that readability of the Guided Questions Tool could be improved. Future work is needed to expand the study population and further understand health literacy’s impact on the CHD community.
Immigrant Declarants and Loyal American Women: How Suffragists Helped Redefine the Rights of Citizens
Authors: Gunter Rachel Michelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a result of the woman suffrage movement, citizenship and voting rights, though considered separate issues by the courts, became more intertwined in the mind of the average American. This interconnectedness was also a product of the concurrent movement to disfranchise immigrant declarant voters—immigrants who had filed their intention to become citizens but had not completed the naturalization process. This essay shows how suffragists pursued immigrant declarant disfranchisement as part of the woman suffrage movement, arguing that the same competitive political conditions that encouraged politicians to enfranchise primarily white, citizen women led them to disfranchise immigrant declarants. It analyzes suffragists’ arguments at both the state and national levels that voting was a right of citizens who had met their wartime obligations to the nation, and maintains that woman suffrage and the votes of white women who supported the measures disfranchising immigrant declarants and limiting immigrant rights should be included in historians’ understanding of the immigration restrictionist and nativist movements.
Ge and Si Isotope Behavior During Intense Tropical Weathering and Ecosystem Cycling
Authors: Baronas J. Jotautas , West A. Joshua , Burton Kevin W. , Hammond Douglas E. , Opfergelt Sophie , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E. , James Rachael H. , Rouxel Olivier J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemical weathering of volcanic rocks in warm and humid climates contributes disproportionately to global solute fluxes. Geochemical signatures of solutes and solids formed during this process can help quantify and reconstruct weathering intensity in the past. Here, we measured silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) isotope ratios of the soils, clays, and fluids from a tropical lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. The bulk topsoil is intensely weathered and isotopically light (mean ± 1σ: δ30Si = −2.1 ± 0.3‰, δ74Ge = −0.13 ± 0.12‰) compared to the parent rock (δ30Si = −0.11 ± 0.05‰, δ74Ge = 0.59 ± 0.07‰). Neoforming clays have even lower values (δ30Si = −2.5 ± 0.2‰, δ74Ge = −0.16 ± 0.09‰), demonstrating a whole‐system isotopic shift in extremely weathered systems. The lowland streams represent mixing of dilute local fluids (δ30Si = 0.2 − 0.6‰, δ74Ge = 2.2 − 2.6‰) with solute‐rich interbasin groundwater (δ30Si = 1.0 ± 0.2‰, δ74Ge = 4.0‰). Using a Ge‐Si isotope mass balance model, we calculate that 91 ± 9% of Ge released via weathering of lowland soils is sequestered by neoforming clays, 9 ± 9% by vegetation, and only 0.2 ± 0.2% remains dissolved. Vegetation plays an important role in the Si cycle, directly sequestering 39 ± 14% of released Si and enhancing clay neoformation in surface soils via the addition of amorphous phytolith silica. Globally, volcanic soil δ74Ge closely tracks the depletion of Ge by chemical weathering (τGe), whereas δ30Si and Ge/Si both reflect the loss of Si (τSi). Because of the different chemical mobilities of Ge and Si, a δ74Ge‐δ30Si multiproxy system is sensitive to a wider range of weathering intensities than each isotopic system in isolation.
Acoustic Energy Release During the Laboratory Seismic Cycle: Insights on Laboratory Earthquake Precursors and Prediction
Authors: Bolton David C. , Shreedharan Srisharan , Rivière Jacques , Marone Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMachine learning can predict the timing and magnitude of laboratory earthquakes using statistics of acoustic emissions. The evolution of acoustic energy is critical for lab earthquake prediction; however, the connections between acoustic energy and fault zone processes leading to failure are poorly understood. Here, we document in detail the temporal evolution of acoustic energy during the laboratory seismic cycle. We report on friction experiments for a range of shearing velocities, normal stresses, and granular particle sizes. Acoustic emission data are recorded continuously throughout shear using broadband piezo‐ceramic sensors. The coseismic acoustic energy release scales directly with stress drop and is consistent with concepts of frictional contact mechanics and time‐dependent fault healing. Experiments conducted with larger grains (10.5 μm) show that the temporal evolution of acoustic energy scales directly with fault slip rate. In particular, the acoustic energy is low when the fault is locked and increases to a maximum during coseismic failure. Data from traditional slide‐hold‐slide friction tests confirm that acoustic energy release is closely linked to fault slip rate. Furthermore, variations in the true contact area of fault zone particles play a key role in the generation of acoustic energy. Our data show that acoustic radiation is related primarily to breaking/sliding of frictional contact junctions, which suggests that machine learning‐based laboratory earthquake prediction derives from frictional weakening processes that begin very early in the seismic cycle and well before macroscopic failure.
Synergistic Ground and Orbital Observations of Iron Oxides on Mt. Sharp and Vera Rubin Ridge
Authors: Fraeman A. A. , Johnson J. R. , Arvidson R. E. , Rice M. S. , Wellington D. F. , Morris R. V. , Fox V. K. , Horgan B. H. N. , Jacob S. R. , Salvatore M. R. , Sun V. Z. , Pinet P. , Bell J. F. , Wiens R. C. , Vasavada A. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVisible/short‐wave infrared spectral data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) show absorptions attributed to hematite at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), a topographic feature on northwest Mt. Sharp. The goals of this study are to determine why absorptions caused by ferric iron are strongly visible from orbit at VRR and to improve interpretation of CRISM data throughout lower Mt. Sharp. These goals are achieved by analyzing coordinated CRISM and in situ spectral data along the Curiosity Mars rover's traverse. VRR bedrock within areas that have the deepest ferric absorptions in CRISM data also has the deepest ferric absorptions measured in situ. This suggests strong ferric absorptions are visible from orbit at VRR because of the unique spectral properties of VRR bedrock. Dust and mixing with basaltic sand additionally inhibit the ability to measure ferric absorptions in bedrock stratigraphically below VRR from orbit. There are two implications of these findings: (1) Ferric absorptions in CRISM data initially dismissed as noise could be real, and ferric phases are more widespread in lower Mt. Sharp than previously reported. (2) Patches with the deepest ferric absorptions in CRISM data are, like VRR, reflective of deeper absorptions in the bedrock. One model to explain this spectral variability is late‐stage diagenetic fluids that changed the grain size of ferric phases, deepening absorptions. Curiosity's experience highlights the strengths of using CRISM data for spectral absorptions and associated mineral detections and the caveats in using these data for geologic interpretations and strategic path planning tools.
Updated Equipotential Shapes of Jupiter and Saturn Using Juno and Cassini Grand Finale Gravity Science Measurements
Authors: Buccino Dustin R. , Helled Ravit , Parisi Marzia , Hubbard William B. , Folkner William M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA commonly used shape model for the giant plants of Jupiter and Saturn is an oblate ellipsoid, a simplified model of the equipotential shape. The ellipsoidal shape models were originally derived from radio occultation data and gravity data after the Voyager flybys in 1979. Through precise Doppler tracking of NASA's Juno and Cassini spacecraft telecommunications links, zonal coefficients in a spherical harmonic expansion of the gravity field of Jupiter and Saturn have been resolved to degree 10, including the detection of nonzero odd zonal harmonics, which have been interpreted as differential rotation in the atmosphere for both planets. In this work, we construct the equipotential surfaces of Jupiter and Saturn using the recently measured gravity fields determined by Juno through perijove 8 and Cassini through end of mission. For both planets, even zonal harmonics dominate the equipotential shape, differing from the reference ellipsoid up to ~32 km at Jupiter and ~125 km at Saturn in the midlatitude regions. Saturn's internal rotation period estimated with ring seismology produces a shape that is fully consistent with the Pioneer and Voyager radio occultation measurements, and Jupiter's shape is fully consistent with the Pioneer and Voyager radio occultation measurements. With current equipotential theory, the recent analysis of the depth of the deep zonal flow on Jupiter and Saturn cannot fully be explained by the shape from current radio occultation measurements; additional occultation measurements and reanalysis of the Pioneer and Voyager radio occultations and will be useful for further constraining the shape of the planets.