bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on high-efficiency polishing for potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal by using two-phase air—water fluid
Authors: Liu Ziyuan , Gao Hang , Guo Dongming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA high-efficiency polishing approach using two-phase air—water fluid (TAWF) is proposed to avoid surface contamination and solve the inefficiency of previous water-dissolution polishing techniques for potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal. In the proposed method, controllable deliquescence is implemented without any chemical impurity. The product of deliquescence is then removed by a polishing pad to achieve surface planarization. The mechanism underlying TAWF polishing is analyzed, a special device is built to polish the KDP crystal, and the effect of relative humidity (RH) on polishing performance is studied. The relationship between key parameters of polishing and surface planarization is also investigated. Results show that the polishing performance is improved with increasing RH. However, precisely controlling the RH is extremely difficult during TAWF polishing. Controllable deliquescence can easily be disrupted once the RH fluctuates, which therefore needs to be restricted to a low level to avoid its influence on deliquescence rate. The material removal of TAWF polishing is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of deliquescence and the polishing pad. Excessive polishing pressure and revolution rate remarkably reduce the life of the polishing pad and the surface quality of the KDP crystal. TAWF polishing using IC-1000 and TEC-168S increase the machining efficiency by 150%, and a smooth surface with a root mean square surface roughness of 5.5 nm is obtained.
Approximate solution for pressure behavior during a multiple rate injectivity test
Authors: Bonafé Maíra Fortes , Braga Arthur , Barreto Abelardo Borges 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pressure response during a well test provides important information about reservoir properties, well productivity or reservoir performance. In order to have an option to replace traditional production tests, avoiding the gas flaring and increasing operational safety, injectivity test began to play an important role in the management of reservoirs. Although analytical models are able to describe injection and falloff periods, multiple rate models still need to be developed. This work presents a new formulation to compute pressure response when performing multiple rate injectivity test in a water injection well operating in an oil zone. First, the proposed formulation is compared to injection/falloff models and after a multiple rate scheme is performed. This formulation extends prior models presented in the literature. The accuracy of the proposed solution was assessed by comparison with a numerical simulator. The proposed formulation is also used to determine the reservoir equivalent permeability in any specific period of injection or shut-in.
How to increase the role of social workers in suicide preventive interventions
Authors: Levine Joshua , Sher Leo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Suicide is a serious public health issue that affects individuals, families and societies all over the world. International studies provide consistent evidence that the presence of psychiatrists in a region is associated with lesser suicide rates. However, many psychiatric patients including suicidal patients do not have access to psychiatrists. This indicates that mental health and non-mental health social workers need to be involved in suicide prevention efforts. This paper is the first comprehensive work that discusses how to increase the role of social workers in the area of suicide prevention.Methods:A review of the relevant literature.Results:Increasing the role of social workers in suicide prevention efforts may reduce suicide risk in groups and people at elevated risk for suicide, as well as the general population.Conclusion:Recommendations are provided for how the social work profession can improve upon suicide prevention while incorporating universal, selective and indicated suicide preventive interventions. Social work research efforts should focus on how to increase the role of social workers in suicide prevention and the management of suicidal patients. Social work education programmes should modify their curricula and increase their attention on suicide prevention. Mental health social workers need to educate the patient and their family on suicide risk factors. Furthermore, mental health and non-mental health social workers need to educate the general public on suicide risk factors.
COMPOUND-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON, STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE AND BIOMARKER ANALYSIS OF MIXED MARINE/TERRESTRIAL LIPIDS PRESERVED IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTTERY VESSELS
Authors: Casanova Emmanuelle , Knowles Timothy D J , Ford Candice , Cramp Lucy J E , Sharples Niall , Evershed Richard P 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAt archaeological sites located on islands or near the coast, the potential exists for lipid extracts of potsherds to contain fatty acids (FA) from both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, meaning that consideration must be given to marine reservoir effects (MRE) in radiocarbon (14C) analyses. Here we studied the site of Bornais (Outer Hebrides, UK) where a local MRE, ΔR of –65 ± 45 yr was determined through the paired 14C determinations of terrestrial and marine faunal bones. Lipid analysis of 49 potsherds, revealed aquatic biomarkers in 45% of the vessels, and δ13C values of C16:0 and C18:0 FAs revealed ruminant and marine product mixing for 71% of the vessels. Compound-specific 14C analysis (CSRA) of FAs yielded intermediate 14C ages between those of terrestrial and marine bones from the same contexts, confirming an MRE existed. A database containing δ13C values for FAs from reference terrestrial and marine organisms provided endmembers for calculating the percentage marine-derived C (%marine) in FAs. We show that lipid 14C dates can be corrected using determined %marine and ΔR values, such that pottery vessels from coastal locations can be 14C dated by CSRA of FAs.
Validation of saliva and urine use and sampling time on the doubly labelled water method to measure energy expenditure, body composition and water turnover in male and female cats
Authors: Goloni Camila , Peres Francine M. , Senhorello Igor L. S. , Di Santo Ludmilla G. , Mendonça Fernanda S. , Loureiro Bruna A. , Pfrimer Karina , Ferriolli Eduardo , Pereira Gener T. , Carciofi Aulus C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLess invasive protocols are necessary to study energy expenditure (EE) of cats living in homes for expressing their normal living conditions. The present study compared sampling times and the use of saliva, urine and blood to measure2H and18O to apply the doubly labelled water method. In the first study, four cats were used to evaluate the enrichment (2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 h) and elimination (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 d) of2H and18O (subcutaneously injected). The maximum enrichment was after 5 h (R20·82) of injection, with an Ln linear elimination of both isotopes (P< 0·001;R20·99). The results of EE were similar, regardless of the sampling time used (P= 0·999). In the second study, seven male cats and seven female cats were used. Before and after isotope injection (5 h, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d), blood, saliva and urine were collected. Isotope enrichment was lower in urine (P< 0·05) and at the similar level in blood and saliva. Isotope elimination was similar for all fluids (P< 0·473). The EE calculated with blood and saliva was similar but higher for urine (P= 0·015). According to Bland–Altman statistics, blood and saliva presented low bias and high correlation (P< 0·001), but this was not observed for urine (P= 0·096). Higher EE was observed for male cats (384 (se39) kJ/kg0·67per d) than for female cats (337 (se34) kJ/kg0·67per d;P< 0·05). The sampling time for the method is flexible, and saliva can be used as a substitute for blood.
The use of a portable metabolic monitoring device for measuring RMR in healthy adults
Authors: Yeung Suey S. Y. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Maier Andrea B. , Reijnierse Esmee M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective measurement of RMR may be important for optimal nutritional care but is hindered by the price and practicality of the metabolic monitoring device. This study compared two metabolic monitoring devices for measuring RMR and VO2 and compared the measured RMR with the predicted RMR calculated from equations. RMR was measured using QUARK RMR (reference device) and Fitmate GS (COSMED) in a random order for 30 min, each on fasted participants. In total, sixty-eight adults participated (median age 22 years, interquartile range 21–32). Pearson correlation showed that RMR (r 0·86) and VO2 (r 0·86) were highly correlated between the two devices (P < 0·05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) showed good relative agreements regarding RMR (ICC = 0·84) and VO2 (ICC = 0·84) (P < 0·05). RMR measured by QUARK RMR was significantly higher (649 (sd 753) kJ/d) than Fitmate GS. Equations significantly overpredicted RMR. Accurate RMR (i.e. within ±10 % of the RMR measured by QUARK RMR) was found among 38 % of the participants for Fitmate GS and among 46–68 % depending on the equations. Bland–Altman analysis showed a low absolute agreement with QUARK RMR at an individual level for both Fitmate GS (limits of agreement (LOA): −828 to +2125 kJ/d) and equations (LOA ranged from −1979 to +1879 kJ/d). In conclusion, both Fitmate GS and predictive equations had low absolute agreements with QUARK RMR at an individual level. Therefore, these limitations should be considered when determining RMR using Fitmate GS or equations.
In Search of Self-Censorship
Authors: Shen Xiaoxiao , Truex Rory 
Published: March 2020

AbstractItem nonresponse rates across regime assessment questions and nonsensitive items are used to create a self-censorship index, which can be compared across countries, over time and across population subgroups. For many authoritarian systems, citizens do not display higher rates of item nonresponse on regime assessment questions than their counterparts in democracies. This result suggests such questions may not be that sensitive in many places, which in turn raises doubts that authoritarian citizens are widely feigning positive attitudes towards regimes they secretly despise. Higher levels of self-censorship are found under regimes without electoral competition for the executive.
Experimental optimization of the hundred-keV electron source from laser-driven wire target
Authors: Zeng Yushan , Zhou Chuliang , Qi Rong , Li Zhongpeng , Sun Haiyi , Tian Ye , Liu Jiansheng , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present the experimental optimization of electrons in the several hundred keV energy range originated from laser-irradiated wire targets. Accelerated by a femtosecond laser pulse, an electron pulse emitted from the wire target was collimated immediately along the wire to a filter unit for the manipulation of energy and spatial distributions. It is shown in simulation that with a pair of magnets as the filter unit, the optimized electrons could serve as a compact and tunable electron source. The proposed system was demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment where we attained 1 fC bunch charge with transverse coherence length approaching 1 nm based on a 0.2 TW laser platform. This indicates the scheme as a promising candidate for single-shot electron diffraction.
Judgesad hocof the International Court of Justice
Authors: Brower Charles N. , Lando Massimo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJudgesad hocof the International Court of Justice have been widely criticized for their supposed lack of impartiality. This criticism may seem all the more powerful if one takes into account that judgesad hocwere created as a means to avoid the Court’s bias and appearance of bias. However, recent developments in the appointment of judgesad hocindicate that, far from being a detriment to the states’ perception of the Court’s impartiality, judgesad hocare a means to enhance the perception that the Court as a whole is impartial. Such developments include the increased frequency with which former elected judges are appointed judgesad hoc, the practice of electing judges from the ranks of former (or sitting) judgesad hoc, and the appointment of nationals or non-nationals as judgesad hoc. The institution of judgesad hochas come full circle, and should be regarded as fulfilling the function for which it was created.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in German sheep flocks and evaluation of a novel approach to detect an infection via preputial swabs at herd-level
Authors: Wolf A. , Prüfer T. L. , Schoneberg C. , Campe A. , Runge M. , Ganter M. , Bauer B. U. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A prevalence study was conducted on German sheep flocks including goats if they cohabitated with sheep. In addition, a novel approach was applied to identify an infection at the herd-level before lambing season with preputial swabs, suspecting venereal transmission and ensuing colonisation of preputial mucosa with Coxiella (C.) burnetii. Blood samples and genital swabs were collected from breeding males and females after the mating season and were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) respectively. In total, 3367 animals were sampled across 71 flocks. The true herd-level prevalence adjusted for misclassification probabilities of the applied diagnostic tests using the Rogan-Gladen estimator for the prevalence estimate and a formula by Lang and Reiczigel (2014) for the confidence limits, ranged between 31.3% and 33% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 17.3–45.5) detected by the ELISA and/or qPCR. Overall 26–36.6% (95% CI 13–56.8) were detected by ELISA, 13.9% (95% CI 4.5–23.2) by the qPCR and 7.9–11.2% (95% CI 0.08–22.3) by both tests simultaneously. The range of results is due to data obtained from literature with different specifications for test quality for ELISA. Among eight farms with females shedding C. burnetii, three farms (37.5%) could also be identified by preputial swabs from breeding sires. This indicates less reliability of preputial swabs if used as a single diagnostic tool to detect C. burnetii infection at the herd-level.
Factors associated with frequent consumption of fast food among Australian secondary school students
Authors: Scully Maree , Morley Belinda , Niven Philippa , Crawford David , Pratt Iain S , Wakefield Melanie ,   for the NaSSDA Study Team
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine demographic and behavioural correlates of frequent consumption of fast food among Australian secondary school students and explore the associations between fast food consumption and social/environmental factors.Design:Cross-sectional survey using a web-based self-report questionnaire.Setting:Secondary schools across all Australian states and territories.Participants:Students aged 12–17 years participating in the 2012–2013 National Secondary Students’ Diet and Activity survey (n 8392).Results:Overall, 38 % of students surveyed reported consuming fast food at least weekly. Being male, residing in lower socio-economic areas and metropolitan locations, having more weekly spending money and working at a fast food outlet were all independently associated with consuming fast food once a week or more, as were several unhealthy eating (low vegetable intake and high sugary drink and snack food intake) and leisure (low physical activity and higher commercial television viewing) behaviours and short sleep duration. Frequent fast food consumption and measured weight status were unrelated. Students who agreed they go to fast food outlets with their family and friends were more likely to report consuming fast food at least weekly, as were those who usually ‘upsize’ their fast food meals and believe fast food is good value for money.Conclusions:These results suggest that frequent fast food consumption clusters with other unhealthy behaviours. Policy and educational interventions that reach identified at-risk groups are needed to reduce adolescent fast food consumption at the population level. Policies placing restrictions on the portion sizes of fast food may also help adolescents limit their intake.
Food insecurity and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pourmotabbed Ali , Moradi Sajjad , Babaei Atefeh , Ghavami Abed , Mohammadi Hamed , Jalili Cyrus , Symonds Michael E , Miraghajani Maryam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further.Design:Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019.Setting:OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.Participants:Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis.Results:The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 % CI: 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI: 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 % CI: 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety.Conclusions:The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.
Review on the feasibility of using PRESAGE® dosimeter in various radiotherapy techniques
Authors: Shamsi Qurat-ul-ain , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Jabeen Shagufta , Iqbal Khalid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe emergence of advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), brachytherapy, conformal radiotherapy, magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT), stereotactic synchrotron radiotherapy (SSRT) and microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), has increased the importance of the verification of volumetric dose distribution. The verification of dose distribution is usually done by 2D films and 3D gel dosimeters, but PRESAGE® due to its affordability, reproducibility, precision, accuracy, unique dosimetric and physical properties is considered as an effective candidate in providing 3D dose data. PRESAGE® is insensitive to oxygen contamination, machinable and can be molded to a variety of shapes and sizes. It is absorbing rather than scattering light which facilitates high-accuracy readout by optical computed tomography (OP-CT). This review focuses on the feasibility of using PRESAGE® in various complicated radiotherapy techniques by comparing its measured doses with 2D films and treatment planning system (TPS) calculated doses.
“I want to go home”: How location at death influences caregiver well-being in bereavement
Authors: Waldrop Deborah P. , McGinley Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesGoal concordant or congruent care involves having expressed wishes upheld. Yet, the preferred location for end-of-life care may be unaddressed. Caregiver–patient congruence between preferred and actual locations of care may influence the quality of life in bereavement. The study aimed to explore how the congruence between caregiver–patient preferred and actual locations of death influenced well-being in bereavement.MethodsMixed methods were employed. In-depth in-person interviews were conducted with 108 bereaved caregivers of a hospice patient about 4 months after the death. An interview guide was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data: demographics, decision-making, Core Bereavement Items (CBI), Health Related Quality of Life, and perspectives on the end-of-life experiences. Data were analyzed with a convergent mixed methods one-phase process.ResultsPatient preference–actual location congruence occurred for 53%; caregiver preference–actual location congruence occurred for 74%; caregiver–patient preference and location of death occurred for 48%. Participants who reported some type of incongruence demonstrated higher levels of distress, including more days of being physically and emotionally unwell and more intense bereavement symptoms. The Acute Separation subscale and CBI total scores demonstrated significant differences for participants who experienced incongruence compared with those who did not. Preference location congruence themes emerged: (1) caregiver–patient location congruence, (2) caregiver–patient location incongruence, and (3) location informed bereavement.ConclusionsCongruence between a dying person's preferred and actual locations at death has been considered good care. There has been little focus on the reciprocity between caregiver–patient wishes. Discussing preferences about the place of end-stage care may not make location congruence possible, but it can foster shared understanding and support for caregivers’ sense of coherence and well-being in bereavement.
No Age Trends in Oak Stable Isotopes
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Kolář Tomáš , Rybníček Michal , Koňasová Eva , Trnka Mirek , Ač Alexander , Krusic Paul J. , Esper Jan , Treydte Kerstin , Reinig Fredrick , Kirdyanov Alexander , Herzig Franz , Urban Otmar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the importance of stable isotope ratios in tree rings is increasing for high‐resolution climate reconstructions, it is still unclear if such values exhibit age trends that require some form of standardization. Here we present 13,496 and 13,584 annually resolved and absolutely dated δ18O and δ13C measurements from 147 living and relict oaks (Quercus spp.) that grew over the past 2,000 years in the Czech Republic. In contrast to their heteroscedastic ring widths, the stable isotopes reveal constant spread versus level relationships over the trees' life span. Together with high signal strength, the absence of age‐related constraints makes δ18O and δ13C from oak latewood alpha cellulose a superior climate proxy in regions where traditional tree‐ring parameters are limited.
Comment on “The Mesozoic Margin of the Maghrebian Tethys in the Rif Belt (Morocco): Evidence for Polyphase Rifting and Related Magmatic Activity” by Gimeno‐Vives et al.
Authors: Michard A. , Saddiqi O. , Chalouan A. , Chabou M.C. , Lach P. , Rossi P. , Bertrand H. , Youbi N. 
Published: March 2020

Key Points

The main Mesorif gabbros emplaced in a Liassic oceanic domain and do not belong to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)
CAMP dolerites may occur separately next to the oceanic gabbros in the structurally complex Mesorif zone
The prerift/synrift cover of the distal margin could have emplaced by gravity sliding onto the Mesorif oceanic crust