bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genomic perspective of metal-resistant bacteria from gold particles: Possible survival mechanisms during gold biogeochemical cycling
Authors: Sanyal Santonu Kumar , Reith Frank , Shuster Jeremiah 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
A bacterial consortium was enriched from gold particles that ‘experienced’ ca. 80 years of biotransformation within waste-rock piles (Australia). This bacterial consortium was exposed to 10 µM AuCl3 to obtain Au-tolerant bacteria. From these isolates, Serratia sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. were the most Au-tolerant and reduced soluble Au as pure gold nanoparticles, indicating that passive mineralisation is a mechanism for mediating the toxic effect of soluble Au produced during particle dissolution. Genome-wide analysis demonstrated that these isolates also possessed various genes that could provide cellular defence enabling survival under heavy-metal stressed condition by mediating the toxicity of heavy metals through active efflux/reduction. Diverse metal-resistant genes or genes clusters (cop, cus, czc, zntand ars) were detected, which could confer resistance to soluble Au. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the majority of detected heavy-metal resistant genes were similar (i.e. orthologous) to those genes of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. The detection of heavy-metal resistance, nutrient cycling and biofilm formation genes (pgaABCD, bsmAandhmpS) may have indirect yet important roles when dealing with soluble Au during particle dissolution. In conclusion, the physiological and genomic results suggest that bacteria living on gold particles would likely use various genes to ensure survival during Au-biogeochemical cycling.
Microbial communities of container aquatic habitats shift in response to Culex restuans larvae
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J , Dunlap Christopher , Cáceres Carla E 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe examined how larvae of Culex restuans mosquito influences the bacterial abundance, composition and diversity in simulated container aquatic habitats. The microbiota of Cx. restuans larvae were also characterized and compared to those of their larval habitats. The presence of Cx. restuans larvae altered the bacterial community composition and reduced the bacterial abundance, diversity and richness. Azohydromonas sp., Delftia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Zooglea sp., unclassified Enterobacteriaceae and unclassified Bacteroidales were suppressed while Prosthecobacter sp., Hydrogenaphaga sp., Clostridium sp., unclassified Clostridiaceae and Chryseobacterium sp. were enhanced in the presence of Cx. restuans larvae. Cx. restuans larvae harbored distinct and less diverse bacterial community compared to their larval habitats. These findings demonstrate that Cx. restuans larvae play a key role in structuring the microbial communities in container aquatic habitats and may lower the nutritional quality and alter the decomposition process and food web dynamics in these aquatic systems. The findings also demonstrate that mosquito larvae are highly selective of the bacterial taxa from the larval environment that colonize their bodies. These findings provide new opportunities for more focused studies to identify the specific bacterial taxa that serve as food for mosquito larvae and those that could be harnessed for disease control.
Long-Duration Soil Heating Resulting from Forest Floor Duff Smoldering in Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Authors: Kreye Jesse K , Varner J Morgan , Kobziar Leda N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Prescribed fire is commonly used in southeastern US forests and is being more widely applied in fire-prone ecosystems elsewhere. Research on direct effects of burning has focused on aboveground impacts to plants with less attention to belowground effects. We measured soil heating during experimental burns in longleaf pine sandhill and flatwoods ecosystems in the southeastern US. Soil heating was minimal in frequently burned sites. Where fire had been excluded for several decades, however, we detected substantial soil heating sustained for considerable durations. Long-duration heating was most prominent where accumulated forest floor duff (Oe and Oa organic horizons) was deepest, particularly at the base of mature pines in long-unburned sites. Temperatures potentially lethal to plant tissues (≥60°C) were sustained for several hours as deep as 10 cm near pines in flatwoods sites. Sustained temperatures ≥300°C, when impacts to soil nutrients can occur, were observed for up to 35 min at mineral soil surfaces. Patterns of heating were similar in long-unburned sandhill sites; however, temperatures were generally lower and durations more brief. Heat transfer resulting from smoldering in forest floor duff deserves further attention to predict mineral soil heating, forecast fire effects, and inform restoration efforts in fire-prone ecosystems.
Association Between the Prevalence of Frailty and Doubly Labeled Water-Calibrated Energy Intake Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Nanri Hinako , Watanabe Yuya , Date Heiwa , Itoi Aya , Goto Chiho , Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Ebine Naoyuki , Kobayashi Hisamine , Kimura Misaka , Yamada Yosuke ,   Kyoto-Kameoka Study
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Appropriate energy intake (EI) is essential to prevent frailty. Because self-reported EI is inaccurate and has systematic errors, adequate biomarker calibration is required. This study examined the association between doubly labeled water (DLW)-calibrated EI and the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults.

Method
A cross-sectional study was performed using baseline data of 7,022 older adults aged ≥65 years in the Kyoto-Kameoka Study. EI was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and calibrated EI was obtained from a previously established equation using the DLW method. Physical and comprehensive frailty were defined by the Fried phenotype (FP) model and the Kihon Checklist (KCL), respectively. We used multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline logistic regression analysis.

Results
The prevalence of physical frailty was 14.8% and 13.6% in women and men, respectively. The spline models showed significant reverse J-shaped or U-shaped relationships between the prevalence of physical or comprehensive frailty against the DLW-calibrated EI, respectively. The lowest prevalence of both types of frailty was found at 1,900–2,000 kcal/d in women and 2,400–2,500 kcal/d in men, which corresponded to approximately 40 kcal/d/kg IBW (ideal body weight = 22 × height2) with DLW-calibrated EI. Uncalibrated EI underestimated approximately 20% compared with calibrated EI; underestimated EI were attenuated by calibration approach.

Conclusions
This study suggests that low EI has a greater detrimental effect compared with excessive EI, particularly on physical frailty. Using biomarkers to calibrate EI holds promise for providing accurate energy requirements to establish guidelines used in public health and clinical nutrition.
Co-Designing Technology for Aging in Place: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Chong Lin Siew , Bundele Anjali , Wei Lim Yee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There is a growing interest to involve older adults in the co-design of technology to maintain their well-being and independence. What remains unknown is whether the beneficial effects of co-designed solutions are greater than those reported for non co-designed solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and experiences of co-designed technology that support older adults to age in place.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a systematic review to (a) investigate the health and well-being outcomes of co-designed technology for older adults (≥60 years), (b) identify co-design approaches and contexts where they are applied, and (c) identify barriers and facilitators of the co-design process with older adults. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index (Web of Science), Scopus, OpenGrey, and Business Source Premiere.

Results
We identified 14,649 articles and included 34 projects. Four projects reported health and well-being outcomes; the effects were inconsistent. Co-design processes varied greatly and in their intensity of older adult involvement. Common facilitators of and barriers to co-design included the building of relationships between stakeholders, stakeholder knowledge of problems and solutions, and expertise in the co-design methodology.

Discussion and Implications
The effect of co-designed technology on health and well-being was rarely studied and it was difficult to ascertain its impact. Future co-design efforts need to address barriers unique to older adults. Evaluation of the impact of co-designed technologies is needed and standardization of the definition of co-design would be helpful to researchers and designers.
Stressed from above and stressed from below: dissolved oxygen fluctuations in Lough Hyne, a semi-enclosed marine lake
Authors: Plowman Caitlin Q , Trowbridge Cynthia D , Davenport John , Little Colin , Harman Luke , McAllen Rob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of the fully marine Lough Hyne, SW Ireland, were sampled in biologically different habitats between 2014 and 2019 to investigate the declining water quality in the marine reserve and the severity of oxidative stress on benthic communities. DO was measured above and below shallow subtidal rocks, in the Rapids connection to the Celtic Sea, in seagrass meadows (Zostera marina), and at various water depths (1–15 m) in the South Basin. DO values above rocks were normoxic to hyperoxic in daytime (7.8–17.3 mg l−1); below rocks were often hypoxic (0.24–2 mg l−1). South Basin sites experienced hypoxia less often than the North Basin, except for the Goleen, presumably due to differential current flow. DO fluctuations occurred in spring (before ephemeral macroalgae proliferate), summer (when algal mats smother the benthos), and autumn (when macroalgae decay). While the Rapids were normoxic, the seagrass meadows below them exhibited periodic DO stress. Labhra Cliff (9–14.5 m) was normoxic to hyperoxic in autumn but experienced suboxic and hypoxic events in summer. Many organisms in Lough Hyne are experiencing periods of hypoxia below their published sublethal limits, the effects of which could be exacerbated by periodic hyperoxia.
EM-FEE: An Efficient Multitask Scheme for Facial Expression Estimation
Authors: Yang Bin , Li Zhenyu , Sun Yingtao , Cao Enguo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human–computer interaction (HCI) has received growing interest in both academic research and the design of information technological applications. Automated facial expression estimation of image is a difficult, yet crucial, problem in the design of HCI system. Although artificial neural network has achieved many remarkable results, few smart wearable devices can benefit from it. Most of these devices are constrained by limited computing and storage capacity. An effective solution is to allow servers to handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Toward this goal, we have been building an Efficient multitask scheme for facial expression estimation (EM-FEE). A multitask neural network is designed to enable the HCI system to accomplish different related tasks at the same time, that is, locating the user’s facial landmarks and estimating facial expressions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art. Finally, we review the remaining challenges and corresponding opportunities as well as future directions of the design of facial expression estimation systems for smart wearable devices.
Genetic associations between stayability and longevity in commercial crossbred sows, and stayability in multiplier sows
Authors: Poulsen Bjarke G , Nielsen Bjarne , Ostersen Tage , Christensen Ole F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLongevity in commercial sows is often selected for through stayability traits measured in purebred animals. However, this may not be justifiable because longevity and stayability may be subject to both genotype by environment interaction (G × E) and genotype by genotype interaction (G × G). This study tested the hypothesis that stayability to service after first parity is more strongly genetically correlated with longevity in commercial herds when stayability is measured in commercial herds rather than multiplier herds. The analysis was based on farrowing- and service-records from 470,824 sows (189,263 multiplier; 281,561 commercial) and 300 herds (156 multiplier; 144 commercial sows). Multiplier sows were either purebred Landrace or Yorkshire and commercial sows were mainly rotationally crossbreds between the two breeds. Commercial longevity was defined as age in days when culled (LongC), and stayability to service after first parity was defined for both commercial sows (StayC) and multiplier sows (StayM). The genetic correlations between LongC, StayC, and StayM were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood using linear mixed models. Genetic parameters were estimated separately for Landrace and Yorkshire. In Landrace, the genetic correlations between LongC and StayC, LongC and StayM, and StayC and StayM were 0.86 ± 0.02, 0.24 ± 0.05, and 0.34 ± 0.06, respectively. In Yorkshire, the genetic correlations between LongC and StayC, LongC and StayM, and StayC and StayM were 0.81 ± 0.03, 0.17 ± 0.05, and 0.18 ± 0.7, respectively. Conclusively, longevity in commercial herds is more strongly correlated with stayability when stayability is measured in commercial herds rather than multiplier herds.
Studies on the In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolic Fate of the New Psychoactive Substance N-Ethyl-N-Propyltryptamine for Analytical Purposes
Authors: Manier Sascha K , Felske Christina , Zapp Josef , Eckstein Niels , Meyer Markus R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Prerequisites for the reliable identification of substances in terms of forensic and clinical toxicology or doping control include knowledge about their metabolism and their excretion patterns in urine. N-Ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (N-ethyl-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]propan-1-amine, EPT) is an N,N-dialkylated tryptamine derivative, sold as new psychoactive substance, and supposed to act as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. The aims of the presented study were to elucidate in vitro metabolites of EPT after incubations with pooled human liver S9 fraction (pS9) and in vivo metabolites excreted into rat urine. Finally, suitable analytical target compounds should be identified. Analysis of pS9 incubations using liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry revealed EPT metabolites formed after N-dealkylation as well as alkyl and aryl hydroxylation and formation of a hydroxy sulfate. Investigations using rat urine after oral dosing showed that the metabolic pathways of EPT shifted from in vitro hydroxylation of the alkyl amine group to an increased in vivo hydroxylation of the indole ring with several N-dealkyl metabolites. A glucuronic acid conjugate after hydroxylation of the indole ring was additionally found in vivo. The parent compound could not be detected in the rat urine samples. Therefore, analytical methods using mass spectrometry should include hydroxy-EPT and two hydroxy-EPT glucuronide isomers for reliable identification.
Quantifying Early-Season Pest Injury and Yield Protection of Insecticide Seed Treatments in Corn and Soybean Production in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Smith Jocelyn L , Baute Tracey S , Schaafsma Arthur W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 4-yr study was conducted comparing the efficacy and value of fungicide-only (FST), neonicotinoid insecticide + fungicide (NST), and diamide insecticide + fungicide (DST) seed treatments for commercial corn Zea mays L. and soybean Glycines max (L.) Merr. production in Ontario, Canada. Plant stand, plant vigor, above- and below-ground insect injury, and yield were assessed on 160 field-scale experiments. Experiments also assessed early-season insect incidence and abundance using newly legislated thresholds for NST use in Ontario and in-season destructive sampling. Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) were frequently observed at experimental sites; however, thresholds were rarely met and injury levels rarely led to yield loss. Of 129 and 31 corn and soybean sites, 8 and 6%, respectively, had a positive yield response to NST use. Across all sites, yield response of 0.1 and −0.05 Mg ha−1 was observed with NST use in corn and soybean, respectively; however, the costs associated with NST use were recovered at only 48 and 23% of corn and soybean sites, respectively, based on average grain prices and yields during the study. Infrequent incidence of economic injury and the absence of a consistent yield response to NST and DSTs throughout the 4 yr of the study indicate that widespread use of seed-applied insecticides in corn and soybean is unlikely to provide benefit to producers. These data highlight an opportunity for reducing input costs, environmental loading, and nontarget effects without adverse outcomes for Ontario producers.
The Logging Sector in the Lake States of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: Status, Issues, and Opportunities
Authors: G C Shivan , Potter-Witter Karen , Blinn Charles R , Rickenbach Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoordinated mail surveys of logging businesses in the Lake States of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin were conducted in spring 2017 to assess the status and capacity of the sector in 2016. Many similarities among logging businesses were noted across the region. Despite the presence of many small logging businesses, much of the volume (58 percent) is produced by a few large producers (13 percent) who seem to have an advantage over their smaller counterparts. Businesses and business owners are aging (average business duration, 27 years and average owner age, 54 years), and the majority are producing below their full operational capacity and achieving break-even profit levels. About one-fourth of the businesses intend to exit the market in the next 5 years, and there is a lack of factors attracting new workforce members into business. Differences exist among states in terms of harvesting systems used, source and method of timber procurement, and transportation strategy adopted.
The CARMA Study: Early Infant Antiretroviral Therapy—Timing Impacts on Total HIV-1 DNA Quantitation 12 Years Later
Authors: Foster Caroline , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Tagarro Alfredo , Gkouleli Triantafylia , Heaney Judith , Watters Sarah , Bamford Alasdair , Fidler Katy , Navarro Marisa , De Rossi Anita , Palma Paolo , Nastouli Eleni , Rossi Paolo , Giaquinto Carlo , Rojo Pablo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Strategies aimed at antiretroviral therapy (ART)–free remission will target individuals with a limited viral reservoir. We investigated factors associated with low reservoir measured as total human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in perinatal infection (PaHIV).

Methods
Children from 7 European centers in the Early Treated Perinatally HIV Infected Individuals: Improving Children’s Actual Life (EPIICAL) consortium who commenced ART aged &lt;2 years, and remained suppressed (viral load [VL] &lt;50 copies/mL) for &gt;5 years were included. Total HIV-1 DNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction per million PBMCs. Factors associated with total HIV-1 DNA were analyzed using generalized additive models. Age, VL at ART initiation, and baseline CD4% effects were tested including smoothing splines to test nonlinear association.

Results
Forty PaHIV, 27 (67.5%) female 21 (52.5%) Black/Black African, had total HIV-1 DNA measured; median 12 (IQR, 7.3–15.4) years after ART initiation. Eleven had total HIV-1 DNA &lt;10 copies/106 PBMCs. HIV-1 DNA levels were positively associated with age and VL at ART initiation, baseline CD4%, and Western blot antibody score. Age at ART initiation presented a linear association (coefficient = 0.10 ± 0.001, P ≤ .001), the effect of VL (coefficient = 0.35 ± 0.1, P ≤ .001) noticeable &gt;6 logs. The effect of CD4% (coefficient = 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .049) was not maintained &gt;40%.

Conclusions
In this PaHIV cohort, reduced total HIV-1 DNA levels were associated with younger age and lower VL at ART initiation. The impact of early-infant treatment on reservoir size persists after a decade of suppressive therapy.
Rereading Cain, Abel, and Martin Luther King Jr in Charles Johnson’s Dreamer
Authors: Tewkesbury Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Charles Johnson sets his 1998 novel Dreamer during the Chicago Freedom Movement that Martin Luther King Jr led in 1966. Alongside his fictionalised King character, Johnson imagines a doppelganger, Chaym Smith. Johnson develops the story of Chaym and King by evoking the biblical story of Cain and Abel. The hatred, violence, and injustice that are inherent in the Bible story of the two brothers contrast sharply with the love, nonviolence, and justice that are paramount to the historical King’s theology, and the surprising juxtaposition forces readers to reappraise what they think they already know about both the biblical Cain and the historical King.
Sociodemographic characteristics and spectrum of Malassezia species in individuals with and without seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff: A comparison of residents of the urban and rural populations
Authors: Honnavar Prasanna , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Dhaliwal Manpreet , Dogra Sunil , Handa Sanjeev , Lakshmi P V M , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) is a common, persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the areas rich in sebaceous glands. SD/D is widely prevalent in India but Malassezia species implicated are not well studied. To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of Malassezia species causing SD/D and understand the sociodemographic characteristics of SD/D in rural and urban populations, a total of 200 SD/D patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) from both rural and urban backgrounds were enrolled in this study. SD/D severity was clinically graded as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Severe (59%) and very severe (71%) form of SD/D was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population (P = .004). The isolation rate of Malassezia was significantly higher in overall SD/D patients scalp (82%) compared to HC (67%) (P = .005). From the scalp of SD/D patients, M. globosa (36.2%) was predominantly isolated followed by M. restricta (31.3%), M. furfur (15.7%), a mixture of M. globosa and M. restricta (12%) or M. arunalokei (4.8%). Similarly, M. globosa (49.3%) was predominately isolated from the scalp of HC followed by M. restricta (22.4%). M. restricta was significantly higher in the scalp of SD/D patients compared to HC and/or nasolabial fold of both SD/D patients and HC (P = .0001). Our findings indicate that M. restricta has a high association with SD/D. More severe disease frequency was observed in the rural population.

Precis
Dandruff is associated with Malassezia restricta and very severe cases are higher in rural population, probably due the poor hygiene. Moderate to severe hair loss and itching were strongly associated with dandruff. Use of soaps to cleanse scalp appears to be better than shampoo in preventing dandruff.