bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Metabolite Profile During Micropropagation of Normal and Somaclonal Variants of Banana Musa AAA cv. ´Williams´
Authors: Carrera Fredy P. , Noceda Carlos , Maridueña-Zavala María G. , García José O. , Ruiz Omar H. , Cevallos-Cevallos Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BackgroundMicropropagation techniques allow the mass production of pathogen-free banana plants but can cause somaclonal variations (SV) such as dwarfism. Changes in the metabolite profile during micropropagation of true-to-type (normal) and dwarf banana plants have not been described. Normal and dwarf banana Musa AAA cv. “Williams” were micropropagated and the metabolite profile of vitroplants was assessed at the proliferation, rooting and greenhouse-acclimatization phases of tissue culture. Metabolites from 10 dwarf and 10 normal meristems from each micropropagation phase were extracted and detected by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and test of statistical significance were applied to detect differentially expressed metabolites. ResultsThe PCA showed a clear grouping of the dwarf plants (DPs) separated from the normal plants (NPs) in the rooting and acclimatization phases. In the proliferation phase, L-sorbose was significantly more abundant in DPs when compared to NPs. In the rooting phase, the aerial parts of the DPs showed significantly higher levels of 2-Keto-d-gluconic and citric acids but lower levels of fructose when compared to NPs. The meristems of DPs from the acclimatization phase showed significantly higher levels of D-galactose, gulonic acid and D- galacturonic acid but lower levels of mannose and L-fucose when compared to the NPs. Some molecules, such as L-glutamin and uridin were only detected in NPs from this phase. ConclusionsResults suggest the presence of oxidative stress and changes in the constitution of the apoplast at the different stages potentially affecting cell shape and phenotypic traits in DPs.
A Deep Learning Approach to Automatic Gingivitis Screening based Onclassification and Localization in RGB Photos
Authors: Li Wen , Liang Yuan , Zhang Xuan , Liu Chao , He Lei , Miao Leiying , Sun Weibin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Routine dental visit is the most common approach to detect the gingivitis. However, such diagnosis can sometimes be unavailable due to the limited medical resources in certain areas and costly for low-income populations. To increase the availability, this study proposes to screen the existence of gingivitis and its irritants, i.e., dental calculus and soft deposits, from oral photos with a novel Multi-Task Learning convolutional neural network (CNN) model. With 625 patients included in this study, the classification Area Under the Curve (AUC) for detecting gingivitis, dental calculus and soft deposits were 87.11%, 80.11%, and 78.57%, respectively; Meanwhile the box-wise localization sensitivity for gingivitis and dental calculus were 66.57% and 45.61%. Moreover, according to a consistency evaluation with three board-certificated dentists, the model achieved a median score of 3.0/5.0 for reasoning locations of soft deposits without any spatial supervision. By comparing to general-purpose CNNs, we showed our model significantly outperformed on both classification and localization tasks, which indicates the effectiveness of Multi-Task Learning on dental disease detection. The results show the potential of deep learning for enabling cost-effective screening of dental diseases among large populations.
Prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in Jubek State, South Sudan.
Authors: Iyya Martin Adelino , Grace Ndeezi , Nicolette Nabukeera Barungi , Chollong Hassan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: South Sudan is the world’s youngest nation which gained independence from Sudan on the 9th of July, 2011. Rates of acute malnutrition have been consistently higher in South Sudan than any other country in sub-Saharan Africa, according to South Sudan Household Survey 2010, the prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition in children under 5 years was 22%, Prevalence of stunting is 45% and underweight was 48%. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Jubek state, South Sudan.Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical community based study to assess the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Jubek state, South Sudan. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 396 children. Anthropometric measurements including weight, length/ height, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) were taken and a blood sample by finger prick was removed for HIV test. The equipment which were used included: WHO recommended MUAC tape for 6months to 59 months old children, digital weighing scale (SECA) and portable Stadiometers. Data were collected using a pretested semi- structured questionnaire. Results: The analysis of this study revealed that, 32.2%, 28.2% and 32.3% of children were stunted, wasted and underweight respectively. The main associated factors of stunting were age older than one year (p= 0.004), children from households who were renting their houses and children who defecate in open spaces with no latrine at their homes (p= 0.015). Underweight was associated with child’s age (p= 0.001), loss of appetite (p=<0.001), children who ate from own plate (p=0.001) and children who didn’t consume meat (p=0.007). Male genders (p=0.022), households with two or more children aged zero to five years (0.010) not consuming vitamin A rich vegetable (p=0.002), diarrheal disease within two weeks prior to interview (p=0.006) and those from households with water sources other than piped (<0.001) were also associated with wasting. Conclusion: The general objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months in Jubek state, South Sudan. This study showed that the levels of stunting, wasting and underweight were high, one in three children were likely to be stunted (32.1%), or wasted (28.2%) or underweight (32.3%).
Feasibility of Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion(eTLIF) through the Posterior Paraspinal Approach: Technical Note and Preliminary Result
Authors: Kim Hyeun-Sung , Raorane Harshavardhan Dilip , Wu Pang Hung , Heo Dong Hwa , Yi Yeon Jin , Yang Kyung-Hoon , Jang Il Tae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Implementation of endoscopic spine surgery in the management of degenerative lumbar diseases has significantly reduced the need for fusion surgeries. The performance of a MIS-TLIF using an endoscope offers some distinct advantages, such as allowing better visualization the disc space, enhanced endplate preparation and contralateral decompression. The objective of this study was to analyze the preliminary clinical and radiological outcomes of the technique of endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (eTLIF).Materials and Methods: eighteen consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent eTLIF through a conventional paraspinal approach. Their clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analog scale(VAS) leg pain score, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and the MacNab's criteria; radiological outcome measured with segmental lordosis, global lumbar lordosis, disc height on plain radiograph and percentage of potential fusion mass on CT scan at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow up period. Intra operative and post-operative complications were noted.Results: Mean age was 63. 71 years and Mean follow-up periods was 7.78 months. In the X-ray result, mean segmental lordosis angle(SLA) improved in pre-operative/post-operative/follow-up period 9.87±2.74 degree/ 11.79±3.74 degree/ 10.56±3.69 degree (p > 0.01); mean lumbar lordosis angle(LLA) improved 37.1±7.04 degree/ 39.2±7.13 degree/ 35.7±7.25 degree (p > 0.01). Mean preoperative disc height(DH) improved from 8.97±1.49 mm/ 12.34±1.39 mm/ 11.44±1.98 mm (p < 0.01). In the CT result, Average percentage of fusion mass was 42.61%. VAS was improved significantly, 7.67±1.13 / 3.39±1.38 / 2.5±1.34 and ODI was improved significantly, 74.9±8.03/ 34.56±8.80 / 27.76±8.64 by each preoperative / postoperative / final follow-up. In the clinical result, excellent was 5 cases and good was 13 cases. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, endoscopic TLIF was feasible procedure with an advantage of better visualization and preservation of endplate, minimal blood loss and minimal post-operative pain with early mobilization. In addition, the fusion volume as measured on post-operative CT scans, occupied 40% to 50% of disc space along with the use of 3D printed cages expected to give higher fusion rates. In conclusion, our preliminary results show that endoscopic TLIF is considered to be a viable surgical procedure with further long-term follow-up warranted.
Relationship Between the Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor and Cataract in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome-A Case Control Study
Authors: Wang Hui , Tao Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to compare the levels of intraocular cytokines between Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) eyes and the senile cataract eyes. The association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cataract severity in FUS is evaluated to find the possible mechanism of cataract in FUS eyes.Methods A retrospective study of 28 eyes with FUS was performed. Auxiliary examinations were performed, including ophthalmic examinations, laser flare-cell photometry, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor were measured. The control group included 25 eyes with senile cataract. Data on the aqueous humor inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups. The association between the aqueous humor cytokine levels and severity of posterior subcapsular cataract was assessed.Results There were 28 eyes with FUS in 27 patients. Unilateral involvement was noted in 26 patients (96.30%). Stellate keratic precipitates (KPs) were noted in 16 eyes (57.14%). Heterochromia was observed in 21.43% of affected eyes. Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was observed in 16 of the 28 eyes. Eyes with FUS had significantly higher aqueous humor (AH) cytokine levels (VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) compared with the control eyes (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the severity of cataract and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the AH (τ = 0.664 and 0.634, respectively; P = 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively).Conclusions Expression of VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the AH of FUS patients was significantly higher than in senile cataract eyes, and the aqueous humor levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly positively associated with the severity of posterior subcapsular cataract. Our results imply that an inflammation mechanism may be involved in the early development of cataract in FUS.
Understanding HIV and associated risk factors among religious groups in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mapingure Munyaradzi Paul , Mukandavire Zindoga , Chingombe Innocent , Cuadros Diego , Mutenherwa Farirai , Mugurungi Owen MacDonald , Musuka Godfrey Nyangadzai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The influence of religion and belief systems is widely recognized as an important factor in understanding of health risk perception and myths in the general fight against the HIV pandemic. This study compares the understanding of HIV risk factors and utilization of some HIV services among religious groups in Zimbabwe. Methods We conducted secondary data statistical analysis to investigate the understanding of HIV and associated risk factors among religious groups in Zimbabwe using 20015-2016 (ZDHS) data. A ranking procedure was conducted to compare the understanding of HIV risk for different religions. A multivariate stepwise backward elimination method was carried out to explore factors determining understanding of HIV risk after controlling for confounding factors using the most recent ZDHS data (2015-2016). Analysis of the 2010-11, 2005-6 rounds of ZDHS data was also conductedResults The results from the three surveys showed that, in general apostolic sector had low understanding of HIV and associated risk factors compared to other religious groups. Analysis of the 2015-2016 ZDHS data showed that women belonging to the apostolic sector were less likely to know where to get an HIV test odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval, 0.665 (0.503-0.880) and to know that male circumcision reduces HIV transmission OR 0.863 (0.781-0.955). Women from this group had no knowledge that circumcised men can be infected if they do not use condoms OR 0.633 (0.579-0.693), nor that it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV, OR 0.814 (0.719-0.921). They would not buy vegetables from a vendor with HIV OR 0.817 (0.729-0.915) and were less likely to support that HIV positive children should be allowed to attend school with HIV negative children OR 0.804 (0.680-0.950). Similar results were obtained for men in the apostolic sector. These men also did not agree that women were justified to use condoms if the husband has an STI OR 0.851 (0.748-0.967).Conclusions Our results suggest that apostolic sector lack adequate knowledge of HIV and associated risk factors than other religious groups. Targeting HIV prevention programmes by religious groups could be an efficient approach for controlling HIV in Zimbabwe.
Phylogenetics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes from Pakistan based on diversity of biochemical markers
Authors: Gulzar Haseena , Pervez Sidra , Masood Rehana , Jan Asad , Soomro Faheeda , Nawaz Muhammad Asif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study phylogenetics and diversity of 150 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes originated from different regions of an agricultural country Pakistan, self-sufficient in its production were analyzed. Total seed protein profile of these genotypes was assessed using a technique of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The seeds of accessions from different geographical regions of the country were provided by the Institute of Agri-Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, National Agricultural Research Centre (IABGRI-NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Total endosperm proteins from each genotype were extracted and used as biochemical markers. Three different protein extraction protocols were followed in comparison to optimize the procedure. An immense content of genetic variability was confirmed based on polymorphism data of polypeptide bands. The Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.09–0.94 for all 150 accessions. Based on the neighbour joining method of clustering, the whole germplasm was divided into two clusters, each further subdivided sorting centre of origin and depicting diversity. In the same manner, 126 accessions of province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) were also assessed separately. This wealth of knowledge based on proteins profiling will be used for marker assisted breeding/selection, germplasm conservation strategies and easy identification of these genotypes from Pakistan.
"It makes me feel not so alone”: Features of a physical activity intervention that reduce loneliness in older adults. A Choose to Move study
Authors: Franke Thea , Sims-Gould Joanie , Nettlefold Lindsay , Ottoni Callista , McKay Heather A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens. Older adults are also at risk for loneliness. Given that lonely individuals are at risk for accelerated loss of physical functioning and health with age, PA interventions that aim to enhance social connectedness may decrease loneliness and increase long-term PA participation. The objectives of this mixed-method study are to: (1) evaluate whether an evidence-based PA intervention (Choose to Move; CTM) influenced PA and loneliness differently among self-identified ‘lonely’ versus ‘not lonely’ older adults and (2) to describe factors within CTM components most likely to promote social connectedness/reduce loneliness.Methods: ﻿ Choose to Move is a flexible, scalable, community-based health promoting physical activity intervention for older adults. Two community delivery partner organizations delivered 56 CTM programs in 26 urban locations across British Columbia. We collected survey data from participants (n=458 at baseline) at 0 (baseline), 3 (mid-intervention) and 6 (post-intervention) months. We conducted in depth interviews with a subset of older adults at baseline (n=43), mid-intervention (n=38) and post-intervention (n=19).Results: PA increased significantly from baseline to 3 months in lonely and not lonely participants. PA decreased significantly from 3-6 months in lonely participants; however, PA at 6 months remained significantly above baseline levels in both groups. Loneliness decreased significantly from baseline to 3 and 6 months in participants identifying as lonely at baseline. Factors within CTM components that promote social connectedness/reduce loneliness include: Activity coach characteristics/personality traits and approaches; opportunity to share information and experiences and learn from others; engagement with others who share similar/familiar experiences; increased opportunity for meaningful interaction; and accountability.Conclusion: Health promoting interventions that focus on PA and social connectedness through group-based activities can effectively reduce social isolation and loneliness of older adults. Given the ‘epidemic of loneliness’ that plagues many countries currently, these kinds of interventions are timely and important. Research that clearly delineates mechanisms that modify the effect of an intervention on social connectedness outcomes for older adults engaged in community-based PA programs would be a welcome addition to the literature.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity Patterns in Children with Overweight and (Morbid) Obesity Across Different Weight Categories, Age Groups and Gender
Authors: Velde Gabrielle ten , Plasqui Guy , Dorenbos Elke , Winkens Bjorn , Vreugdenhil Anita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Reduced physical activity (PA) is associated with childhood obesity and is a target for intervention. This study aimed to assess objectively measured PA patterns in Dutch children across weight categories, age groups and gender at the start of a lifestyle intervention.Methods: 202 children with overweight and (morbid) obesity (55% girls, 12±3y of age, BMI z-score +3.15±0.73), referred to the Centre for Overweight Adolescents and Children’s Healthcare (COACH, Maastricht UMC+) were included. Children were categorized as overweight, obese or morbidly obese according to their BMI z-score. PA patterns (total PA, sedentary time (ST), light PA and moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA)) werewas measured with the GT3X Actigraph accelerometer. Wear time validation was set on four days, 480 min/day, including one weekend day.Results: PA levels in children with morbid obesity were higher compared to children with obesity, also after correction for age and gender (corrected difference (B) 118 counts per minute (cpm), p=.006). Sedentary behaviour (STB) was lower in children with morbid obesity compared to children with obesity (B -51 min/day, p=.018). Girls performed significantly less moderate to vigorous MVPA than boys (B -11 min/day, p<.001) and for each year increase of age with increasing age, children performed less PA (B -46 cpm, p<.001) and STB increased (B 18 min/day, p<.001).Conclusion: Weight category morbid obesity, younger age and male gender were positively associated with PA and negatively with SB. PA and ST is different in subgroups of children with overweight and (morbid) obesity, depending on gender, age and overweight severity. In particular in older girls in the weight category ‘obesity’, levels of PA and ST are worrisome. These findings highlight the need for tailored PA promotion. Trial registration: The trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02091544
Using Social Media Data to Understand Consumers' Information Needs and Emotions Regarding Cancer: Ontology-Based Data Analysis Study
Authors: Lee Jooyun , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Park Seul Ki , Song Tae-Min 
Published: December 2020

Background
Analysis of posts on social media is effective in investigating health information needs for disease management and identifying people’s emotional status related to disease. An ontology is needed for semantic analysis of social media data.

Objective
This study was performed to develop a cancer ontology with terminology containing consumer terms and to analyze social media data to identify health information needs and emotions related to cancer.

Methods
A cancer ontology was developed using social media data, collected with a crawler, from online communities and blogs between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 in South Korea. The relative frequencies of posts containing ontology concepts were counted and compared by cancer type.

Results
The ontology had 9 superclasses, 213 class concepts, and 4061 synonyms. Ontology-driven natural language processing was performed on the text from 754,744 cancer-related posts. Colon, breast, stomach, cervical, lung, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancer; brain tumors; and leukemia appeared most in these posts. At the superclass level, risk factor was the most frequent, followed by emotions, symptoms, treatments, and dealing with cancer.

Conclusions
Information needs and emotions differed according to cancer type. The observations of this study could be used to provide tailored information to consumers according to cancer type and care process. Attention should be paid to provision of cancer-related information to not only patients but also their families and the general public seeking information on cancer.
Fenomena Fashion Hijab dan Niqab Perspektif Tafsir Maqāsidi
Authors: Syahridawati Syahridawati 
Published: December 2020

Hijab fashion has become a growing trend in Indonesia, leading to the emergence of various new hijab styles. These new styles have influenced more women to wear a hijab; however, their motivation to wear one is not merely to cover their head, but also to immerse in the current hijab trend. It is, thus, important to investigate the real purposes of hijab by referring to the Quran, hadith, and the views of ulema (Muslim scholars). This research is library research employing a qualitative approach. It discusses the hijab fashion from the maqāṣidi interpretation. Through this interpretation, it was found that covering up the ‘aurah’ (forbidden parts of body to be exposed) is part of hifẓ karāmah (maintaining honor). There are three purposes of wearing a hijab: 1) To cover oneself physically and mentally, 2) To protect humans from climate hazards and social harms (bilateral function), 3) To improve one’s appearance for positive intentions (additional function). AbstrakFenomena fashion hijab semakin berkembang di Indonesia dan melahirkan trend baru dalam berhijab. Dengan banyaknya mode hijab yang ada memicu semangat para wanita untuk berhijab, akan tetapi pemakaian hijab di sini tidak semata-mata untuk menutup aurat, tetapi ada unsur mengikuti mode di dalamnya. Oleh sebab itu penting untuk dikaji mengenai konsep berhijab yang sebenarnya dengan merujuk pada al-Qur’an, hadis serta pendapat ‘ulama. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai fashion hijab ditinjau dari perspektif tafsir maqāṣidi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Melalui tafsir maqāṣidi, dapat diketahui bahwasanya menutup aurat adalah bagian dari hifẓ karāmah (menjaga kehormatan). Ada tiga fungsi dari menutup aurat. Pertama, fungsi dasar, yakni menutup aurat secara zahir dan batin. Kedua, fungsi ganda (bilateral) yang melindungi manusia dari bahaya iklim dan kerugian sosial. Ketiga, fungsi tambahan, yakni menutup aurat salah satu sarana untuk menghias diri dan berpenampilan bagus dalam hal positif.