bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Neurochemical Evidence of Neuronal Injury or Glial Activation in Children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Authors: Johnson Mats , Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Christopher , Fasth Anders , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is characterized by an acute onset of obsessive compulsive disorder, combined with at least two other neuropsychiatric symptoms with similarly acute onset. Diagnostic criteria also require that no specific medical aetiology is identified. Although there are no verified aetiological biomarkers, PANS is assumed to be a neuroinflammatory disorder with a possible autoimmune aetiology. Neurochemical markers such as neurofilament light (NfL, a neuronal injury marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an astrocytic activation marker) have not been published for this patient group.Methods Blood samples from 17 children meeting diagnostic criteria for PANS, after assessment at the Child Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, were analysed for serum concentrations of NfL and GFAP. Ten age-matched children without any neurological or psychiatric disorder served as a comparison group. Results No difference was found in mean NfL and mean GFAP serum concentrations between children with PANS and controls. NfL and GFAP concentrations did not correlate with disease duration between PANS onset and time of blood tests. Conclusion Neuronal injury and astrocyte activation do not seem to be a major event in PANS. The study group was small, and even if findings may be reassuring for parents and patients, they should be interpreted with caution and verified in larger cohort and possibly with other markers in both serum and CSF.
Association Between Waist Circumference Change and Incident Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Chinese Adults: An 18-year Cohort Study
Authors: Ma Yun-Lei , Zhao Han-Jun , Su Ying-Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to investigate waist circumference (WC) change and the risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Chinese adults.Methods A total of 8,164 participants aged 20-35 years were recruited who attended health examination with the repeat measurements of WC and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) from 2001 to 2019. The data of same measurements were collected at their age of 38-53 years. Participants were categorized by WC change as ≤-2.5%, -2.5% to 2.5%, 2.5% to 5% and ＞5% according to gender. The modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of WC gain and the risk of COPD.Results During 18-year follow-up, a total of 917 COPD cases were identified. From baseline to follow-up, the mean of FEV1 decreased from 3.20 L to 2.79 L among male participants and 2.28 L to 1.95 L among female participants. Comparing with participants who were not abdominal obesity at both baseline and follow-up, participants with abdominal obesity among both genders after the follow-up were associated to the greater risk of COPD regardless of abdominal obesity at baseline. The risk of incident COPD increased 19% among male participants (RR=1.19, 95%CI=1.04-1.48) and 14% among female participants (RR=1.14, 95%CI=1.01-1.40) when WC gain increased ＞5% during the 18-year follow-up. The COPD risk decreased 28% among male participants with WC change ≤-2.5% (RR=0.82, 95%CI=0.67-0.99).Conclusions The risk of incident COPD was positively associated with increasing WC for both genders among Chinese adults.
Spatial distribution of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in low, moderate and high endemic settings in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemeskel Elifaged , Tebeje Surafel K , Behaksra Sinknesh , Shumie Girma , Shitaye Getasew , Keffale Migbaru , Chali Wakweya , Gashaw Abrham , Ashine Temesgen , Drakeley Chris , Bousema Teun , Gadisa Endalamaw , Tadesse Fitsum Girma 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: As countries move to malaria elimination, detecting and targeting asymptomatic malaria infections might be needed. Here, we investigated their spatial distribution and detectability in P. falciparum and P. vivax co-endemic settings in Ethiopia.Method: A total of 1093 dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected from afebrile and apparently healthy individuals across ten study sites in Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020. Of these, 862 were from community and 231 from school based cross-sectional surveys. Malaria infection status was determined by microscopy, rapid diagnostics tests (RDT) and 18S rRNA nested PCR (nPCR). The annual parasite index (API) was used to classify endemicity as low (API>0 and<5), moderate (API ≥5 and <100) and high transmission (API≥100).Results: In community surveys, the overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections by microscopy/RDT, nPCR and all methods combined was 12.2% (105/860), 21.6% (183/846) and 24.1% (208/862), respectively. The proportion of nPCR positive infections that was detectable by microscopy/RDT was 48.7(73/150) for P. falciparum and 4.6(2/44) for P. vivax. Compared to low transmission settings, the likelihood of detecting infections by microscopy/RDT was increased in moderate (AOR: 3.4; 95%CI:1.6-7.2, P=0.002) and high endemic settings (AOR=5.1; 95%CI=2.6-9.9, P<0.001). After adjustment for site and correlation between observations from the same survey, increasing age reduced the likelihood of detecting asymptomatic infections by microscopy/RDT (AOR per year increase = 0.95, 95%CI=0.9-1.0, P=0.013).Conclusion: Conventional diagnostics missed nearly half of the asymptomatic malaria reservoir detected by nPCR. The detectability of infections was particularly low in older age groups and low endemic settings. These findings highlight the need for sensitive diagnostic tools to detect the entire parasite reservoir and potential infection transmitters.
Nasal Carriage Rate, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Associated Risk Factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Prisoners in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Mamo Getinet , Ferede Getachew , Eshete Teshome Belachew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) within the general public has caused outbreaks in groups of people in close quarters such as military barracks, gyms, day care centres and correctional facilities. Correctional facilities are of particular importance for spreading MRSA, as inmates are often in close proximity and have limited access to hygienic products and clean clothing. In Ethiopia, there is a limited number of studies about methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the prison setting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine nasal carriages rate, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of MRSA among prisoners in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to March 30/2020 on 329 prisoners. Nasal swabs were collected and processed on blood agar and Mannitol salt agar plates. The isolates were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar fermentation. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methicillin-resistance by S. aureus was confirmed by using cefoxitin (30μg). Data entry and statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of the 329 prisoners, 115(35%) carried S. aureus, of which 35/115 (30.4%) were MRSA. Therefore, 10.64% of all prison inmates were identified as MRSA carriers. MRSA carriage rate was highest among the age groups of 24-34 and 35-45, which was 12 (34.3). Penicillin showed the highest rate of resistance among MRSA and MSSA isolates (100%). The multi-drug resistance rate was very high (50.4%). Among 115 S. aureus isolates, about 2(7.4%) showed inducible Clindamycin resistance. Conclusion: The high rate of nasal MRSA carriage among prisoners found in this study is alarming and highlights the need for adjusted infection control measures to prevent MRSA transmission within inmates or to the community during their discharge.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers on early breast feeding initiation after delivery in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, and South West Ethiopia 2019: Institution based crosses sectional Study.
Authors: Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Mesfin Endalkachew , Mekete Gashew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe global breastfeeding recommendation states that all infants should be put to the breast within one hour of birth, which is defined as timely initiation or early initiation of breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding is having the capability to reduced risk in infant illness and death. Understanding the determinants of delay in initiation of breastfeeding might spur health staff and policy makers to foster timely breastfeeding. Therefore, this study was intended to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers on the early initiation of breast feeding in the study area.ObjectiveTo assess knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on the early breast feeding initiation after delivery in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital from December 1/2018-January 30/2019.MethodsInstitutional based cross sectional study design was done to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on the early breast feeding initiation after delivery in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital from December 1/2018-January 30/2019 with a total sample of 336. Simple random sampling technique was used and data was collected by using structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to SPSS window version 20 for analysis and the result was presented in tables and graphs.ResultThe overall knowledge, attitude and practice of breast feeding mothers about early initiation of breast feeding were 79.23%, 59.6% and 62.5% respectively, and 31% of mothers discard first milk or colostrum.Conclusion and recommendationsThe overall knowledge score of the pregnant mothers about early initiation of breast feeding was satisfactory while compared with different researches in Ethiopia and African but attitude of breast feeding mothers toward early initiation of breast was lower when compared with knowledge and practice of mother for this study and to alleviate this problem the organization and the health care providers should integrated and mobilize, educate and counsel about early initiation of breast feeding.
Comparative Study of Surface Roughness of Tungsten and Alumina co-sputtered on Stainless Steel and Copper substrates
Authors: Ankegowda Naveen , Prakash G V Naveen , Ravi K , Imran Khalid , Vinay K B , S Nityananda B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A comparative study of the effect of co-sputtering specifically mag­netron sputtering process input factors on surface roughness of W and Al2O3 thin film developed on the SS304 and Copper(Cu) substrates in the argon atmosphere. The input parameters have been varied based on the Design of Experiments specifically Center Composite Design experimental plan. Atomic Force microscope has been used to determine the average surface roughness in nanometer of all the samples as per experimental combinations. By using ANOVA method, the effect of factors on roughness and regression model have been developed, which express degree to input parameter can effect on the surface roughness. Analysis of surface roughness of W and Al2O3 thin film developed above said different substrates have been presented.
Knockdown Of Udp-Glucose Dehydrogenase Facilitates Epirubicin-Resistance In MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells By Regulation Of Hyaluronan Synthesis.
Authors: Vitale Daiana L. , Caon Ilaria , Parnigoni Arianna , Sevic Ina , Spinelli Fiorella M. , Icardi Antonella , Passi Alberto , Vigetti Davide , Alaniz Laura Daniela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The catalytic action of the UDP-glucose transferase dehydrogenase (UGDH) enzyme produces UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA). The main detoxifying pathway of Epirubicin (EPI) is via glucuronidation by the specific transferase UGT2B7 (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7), adding UDP-GlcUA to generates 4´-O-b-D-glucuronyl-4´-epi-doxorubicin. UDP-GlcUA is also a precursor of several glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like hyaluronan (HA). Therefore, the EPI detoxifying pathway might be associated with GAGs metabolism, related to drug deactivation and tumor resistance. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of knockdown on the UGDH gene on EPI response and HA metabolism in the aggressive breast cancer cells MDA-MB 231. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected in vitro with UGDH-specific siRNA for UGDH knockdown and treated with EPI. Viability, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity effects were evaluated. EPI intracellular accumulation was analyzed by flow cytometry. Differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) were analyzed through a particle exclusion assay and the composition of HA using hyaluronidase. The soluble HA secreted was detected by an ELISA like assay. Besides, gene expression of HA synthase and hyaluronidase (HYAL) enzymes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. To analyze the effect of UGDH knockdown and EPI treatment on autophagy, we evaluated the expression of the autophagosome marker, LC3-II by RT-qPCR and western blot, and its subcellular localization by confocal microscopy. Results: EPI accumulation increased during UGDH knockdown, but it was observed a decrease in cell death. HA synthesis and HA coated around the cells increased. In turn, it was found up-regulation of the expression of HYALs. Within the mechanisms activated by tumor cells to avoid EPI activity, an increase in autophagy was detected. Conclusions: for the first time we show that an increase in the expression, deposition and catabolism of HA positively contributed to the development of a resistant phenotype in breast cancer cells by a mechanism associated to sugar metabolism, specifically of UDP-GlcUA .
Use of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs interventions for the treatment of Muscle Soreness: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Nahon Roberto Lohn , Neto Anibal Monteiro de Magalhães , Lopes Jaqueline Santos Silva , Machado Aloa de Souza , Cameron L. C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Data sources: The PubMed / MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scielo and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases were searched from the oldest records to August 3, 2020. Eligibility criteria: 1) Tue used a RCTs design; 2) Evaluate the effects of Steroidal or Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for treatment DOMS; and 3) Therapeutically used drugs, after exercise. Results: In total, 26 studies (patients = 934) were eligible for qualitative analysis on the treatment of DOMS. The results of the meta-analysis showed no superiority between the use or not of NSAIDs, in the improvement of late muscle pain, since statistically significant differences were not verified (21 studies, n= 955; SMD= 0.02; 95% CI -0.58, 0.63; p=0.94; I2=93%). The quality of the synthesized evidence was very low according to the criteria of Evaluation, Development and Evaluation of the Classification of Recommendations, associated with the significant heterogeneity among the included studies. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the use of NSAIDs is not a superior treatment to the control / placebo on DOMS improvement. The variation between dose-response and exercise protocol used in the studies may have influenced the results. In addition, the high risk of identified bias characterizes limitation to be considered in profound interpretations.
Blind Image Quality Assessment Based on Classification Guidance and Feature Aggregation
Authors: Cai WeiPeng , Fan Cien , Zou Lian , Liu Yifeng , Ma Yang , Wu MinYuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) named CGFA-CNN for blind image quality assessment (BIQA). A unique 2-stage strategy is utilized which fifirstly identififies the distortion type in an image using Sub-network I and then quantififies this distortion using Sub-network II. And difffferent from most deep neural networks, we extract hierarchical features as descriptors to enhance the image representation and design a feature aggregation layer in an end-to-end training manner applying Fisher encoding to visual vocabularies modeled by Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). Considering the authentic distortions and synthetic distortions, the hierarchical feature contains the characteristics of a CNN trained on the self-built dataset and a CNN trained on ImageNet. We evaluate our algorithm on the four publicly available databases, and results demonstrate that our CGFA-CNN has superior performance over other methods both on synthetic and authentic databases.
Impact of Post-diagnosis Weight Change on Survival Outcomes in a Multiethnic Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Shang Lihua , Hattori Masaya , Fleming Gini , Jaskowiak Nora , Hedeker Donald , Olopade Olufunmilayo I , Huo Dezheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate weight change patterns over time following the diagnosis of breast cancer, and to examine the association of post-diagnosis weight change and survival outcomes in Black and White patients.Methods: The study included 2,888 women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer in 2000-2017 in Chicago. Longitudinal repeated measures of weight and height were collected, along with a questionnaire survey including questions on body size. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine changes in body mass index (BMI). Delayed entry Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the impacts of changing slope of BMI on survival outcomes. Results: At diagnosis, most patients were overweight or obese with a mean BMI of 27.5 kg/m2 and 31.5 kg/m2 for Blacks and Whites, respectively. Notably, about 45% of the patients had cachexia before death and substantial weight loss started about 30 months before death. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared to stable weight, BMI loss (>0.5 kg/m2/year) showed greater than 2-fold increased risk in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=2.68, 95%CI 1.95-3.66), breast cancer specific survival (HR=2.93, 95%CI 1.86-4.62), and disease-free survival (HR=2.25, 95%CI 1.63-3.11). The associations were not modified by race, age at diagnosis, and pre-diagnostic weight. BMI gain (>0.5 kg/m2/year) was also related to worse survival, but the effect was weak (HR=1.53, 95%CI 1.06-2.22 for overall survival).Conclusion: BMI loss is a strong predictor of worse breast cancer outcomes. Growing prevalence of obesity may hide diagnosis of cancer cachexia, which can occur in a large proportion of breast cancer patients long before death.
The water-eluting component of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation rats
Authors: li xiaomao , Liu Yan , Sun Yanping , Xia Yonggang , Yang Bingyou , Kuang Haixue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Slow transit functional constipation (STC) is the most common type of chronic constipation,with seriously affecting people's survival and quality of life in the recent years. Based on the safety and small side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, it is urgent to research and develop new medicine for the treatment of constipation. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. has been reported treat constipation in a long time, and carbohydrate is its active ingredient.
Methods

ELISA used for detection of serum gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters levels. HE stain was analyzed to evaluate the colon injury. Western blot and RT-PCR detected interstitial cells of Cajal markers (SCF/c-Kit) and aquaporins (AQPs).
Results

The mainly compositions of oligosaccharide and amino acid from AABW was determined by HPLC. Based on the laxative activities of AABW in the study, AABW obviously enhanced the contents of VIP, Gas, MTL, SP and 5-HT and decreased the levels of NO from loperamide-induced rats by Elisa kits. Additionally, AABW could up-regulate the expressions of SCF, c-Kit, AQP3, VIP and down-regulate AQP8 to repair the damage of colon.
Conclusion

These findings suggested that AABW, which could treat constipation through mediating intestinal motility and water metabolism, were laxative active constituents from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge..
The Prospects for Sustaining Evidence-based Responses to the US Opioid Epidemic State Leadership Perspectives
Authors: Caton Lauren , Yuan Mina , Louie Dexter , Gallo Carlos , Abram Karen , Palinkas Lawrence , Brown C Hendricks , McGovern Mark 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The US 21st Century Cures Act provided $7.5 billion in grant funding to states and territories for evidence-based responses to the opioid epidemic. Currently, little is known about optimal strategies for sustaining these programs beyond this start-up funding.Methods: Using an inductive, conventional content analysis, we conducted key informant interviews with former and current state leaders (n=16) about barriers/facilitators to sustainment and strategies for sustaining time-limited grants.Results: Financing and reimbursement, service integration, and workforce capacity were the most cited barriers to sustainment. Status in state government structure, public support, and spending flexibility were noted as key facilitators. Effective levers to increase chances for sustainment included strong partnerships with other state agencies, workforce and credentialing changes, and marshalling advocacy through public awareness campaigns. Conclusions: Understanding the strategies that leaders have successfully used to sustain programs in the past can inform how to continue future time-limited, grant-funded initiatives.