bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substantive Bias in Artificial Phonology Learning
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Do Youngah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the research on substantive bias in phonological learning since the publication of Moreton and Pater's paper on structure and substance in artificial phonology learning. The studies are categorised into vowel patterns, consonant patterns, and suprasegmental patterns. The review highlights advancements in experimental paradigms, a more precise definition of phonetic naturalness, and an expanded exploration of various phonological phenomena in the investigation of substantive bias over the past decade. Based on the review findings, we suggest that future research on the impact of substantive bias on phonological learning should include an examination of the articulatory and perceptual foundations of each phonological pattern, along with an analysis of the similarities in features, articulation, and perception.
Recent Origin of a Range‐Restricted Species With Subsequent Introgression in its Widespread Congener in the Phyteuma spicatum Group (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Larsson Dennis , Šarhanová Petra , Paun Ovidiu , Schneeweiss Gerald M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the causes of restricted geographic distributions is of major interest to evolutionary and conservation biologists. Inferring historical factors has often relied on ad hoc interpretations of genetic data, and hypothesis testing within a statistical framework under different demographic scenarios remains underutilised. Using coalescent modelling on RAD‐sequencing data, we (i) test hypotheses about the origin of Phyteuma gallicum (Campanulaceae), a range‐restricted endemic of central France sympatric with its widespread congener Ph. spicatum, and (ii) date its origin, irrespective of its mode of origin, to test the hypothesis that the restricted range is due to a recent time of origin. The best supported model of origin is one of a dichotomous split of Ph. gallicum, confirmed as distinct species, and the Central European Ph. nigrum with subsequent gene flow between Ph. gallicum and Ph. spicatum. The split of Ph. gallicum and Ph. nigrum is estimated at 45–55,000 years ago. Coalescent modelling on genomic data not only clarified the mode of origin (dichotomous speciation instead of a previously hypothesised hybridogenic origin) but also identified recency of speciation as a sufficient, although likely not the sole, factor to explain the restricted distribution range. Coalescent modelling strongly improves our understanding of the evolution of range‐restricted species that are frequently of conservation concern, as is the case for Ph. gallicum.
Pleistocene Glaciation Drove Shared Population Coexpansion in Eastern North American Snakes
Authors: Harrington Sean , Overcast Isaac , Myers Edward A. , Burbrink Frank T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlacial cycles during the Pleistocene had profound impacts on local environments and climatic conditions. In North America, some regions that currently support diverse biomes were entirely covered by ice sheets, while other regions were environmentally unsuitable for the organisms that live there now. Organisms that occupy these regions in the present day must have expanded or dispersed into these regions since the last glacial maximum, leading to the possibility that species with similar geographic distributions may show temporally concordant population size changes associated with these warming trends. We examined 17 lineages from 9 eastern North American snake species and species complexes to test for a signal of temporally concordant coexpansion using a machine learning approach. We found that the majority of lineages show population size increases towards the present, with evidence for coexpansion in five out of fourteen lineages, while expansion in others was idiosyncratic. We also examined relationships between genetic distance and current environmental predictors and showed that genomic responses to environmental predictors are not consistent among species. We, therefore, conclude that Pleistocene warming resulted in population size increases in most eastern North American snake species, but variation in environmental preferences and other species‐specific traits results in variance in the exact timing of expansion.
Forest dynamics where typhoon winds blow
Authors: Chan Aland H. Y. , Jackson Toby D. , Law Ying Ki , Rau E‐Ping , Coomes David A. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Tropical cyclones (TCs) sporadically cause extensive damage to forests. However, little is known about how TCs affect forest dynamics in mountainous terrain, due to difficulties in modelling wind flows and quantifying structural changes. Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) was the strongest TC to strike Hong Kong in over 40 yr, with gusts > 250 km h−1. Remarkably, the event was captured by a dense anemometer network and repeated LiDAR surveys across natural forests and plantations.
We mapped long‐term mean and extreme wind speeds using CFD models and analysed corresponding changes in canopy height, which uncovered TC‐forest dynamics at unprecedented scales (> 400 000 pixels, 1108 km2).
Forest height was more strongly limited by wind exposure than by background topography, a limitation attributable to a dynamic equilibrium between growth and disproportionate TC damage to taller forests. Counterintuitively, wind‐sheltered forests also suffered heavy damage. As a result, canopies of wind‐sheltered forests were more rugged, which contrasted with flat‐topped forests at wind‐exposed sites. Plantations were more susceptible to TCs compared to natural rainforests of similar stature (canopy height change −0.86 m vs −0.39 m).
Our findings highlight TCs as important, often overlooked factor that fundamentally shapes forest structure and dynamics.
Gain of Protection Afforded by the Methoxypropylamino Cyclohexenylidene Ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 Filter on Pigmentary and Aging Signs: An Outdoor 4‐Week Randomized, Intra‐Individual Comparative Study in 52 Brazilian Women
Authors: Mercurio Daiane G. , Flament Frederic , Muller Benoit , Bernerd Francoise , Josso Martin , Jager‐Lezer Nathalie , Delaunay Caroline , Passeron Thierry 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundConventional sunscreens shield the skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays up to 370 nm leaving wavelengths between 370 and 400 nm unfiltered despite their potentially harmful biological and clinical effects.ObjectiveThe beneficial effects of methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 filter were explored at 1% in a SPF50 sunscreen under outdoors summer conditions against pigmentation and aging signs compared against a reference SPF50 without the MCE filter.Materials and MethodsA prospective randomized comparative intra‐individual study was conducted in 52 Brazilian women (phototype I–III). A hemiface application was performed for the SPF50 sunscreen with 1% MCE and SPF50 reference without MCE before 1‐h outdoor sunlight exposure, twice daily for 4 weeks. Study endpoint included expert panel grading of pigmentation (3), vascular (1) signs as well as facial skin ageing and assessment of facial skin radiance and skin homogeneity by a naïve panel.ResultsSignificant differences were reported for all facial signs comparing areas protected with SPF50/MCE and SPF50, respectively: upper lip wrinkles, crow's feet wrinkles, upper lip texture, upper lip pigmentation, vascular abnormalities (all p < 0.0001), texture of the mouth contour (p = 0.001), ptosis of lower face (p = 0.003), lateral facial pigmentation (p = 0.005), and whole face pigmentation (p = 0.01). The evaluations performed by naïve panel showed a significant superiority of the SPF50/MCE product for skin homogeneity (p = 0.043).ConclusionOverall, this study demonstrates a significant gain of protection with the SPF50 containing 1% MCE in reducing hyperpigmentation, redness and aging signs compared to the same SPF50 sunscreen without MCE, thus supporting the need for an enlarged UVA1 photoprotection.
Modelling the severity–yield relationship for the late‐season disease complex in soybean small‐plot trials
Authors: Carvalho Ana Carolyne Costa de , Godoy Cláudia Vieira , Dias Alfredo Riciere , Mochko Ana Claudia Ruschel , Tormen Nédio Rodrigo , Debortoli Mônica Paula , Senger Marina , Stefanelo Maurício Silva , Meyer Maurício Conrado , Müller Mônica Anghinoni , Ascari João Paulo , Santos Jairo dos , Belufi Luana Maria de Rossi , Silva Luís Henrique Carregal Pereira da , Campos Hercules Diniz , Utiamada Carlos Mitinori , Tomen Alana , Grigolli José Fernando Jurca , Sichocki Diego , Martins Mônica Cagnin , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA meta‐analytical approach was employed to assess the relationship between late‐season disease (LSD) severity and soybean yield across 39 field trials conducted from 2020/21 to 2023/24 in nine Brazilian states. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and Fisher's transformation (Z) were calculated to examine the association between disease severity and yield. Additionally, random‐ and mixed‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the intercept (β0) and slope (β1) of the linear regression model. Disease pressure, yield class, region, altitude and year were included as categorical moderators. The damage coefficient (in percentage) was calculated from β0 and β1 values, while the economic damage threshold (EDT) was derived using the estimated damage coefficient, attainable yield and fungicide efficacy values. A strong negative correlation between LSD severity and yield was observed (Z = −1.03, r = −0.77). The population average estimates for β0 and β1 were 4589.0 kg/ha and −22.6 kg/ha per unit increase in severity, respectively (p < 0.001). While none of the categorical moderators significantly affected the slope (p > 0.19), disease pressure, yield class and altitude significantly affected the intercept (p < 0.014). The overall relative damage coefficient was estimated at −0.49% (95% CI = −0.61 to −0.38), with EDT values ranging from 0.41% to 4.33% (mean = 1.57%). In conclusion, a significant negative linear relationship between soybean yield and LSD severity was confirmed, particularly for Cercospora leaf blight and Septoria brown spot. However, these relationships should be validated further before being extrapolated to larger field scales.
Redesign of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiQB binding niche reveals photosynthesis works in the absence of a driving force for QA‐QB electron transfer
Authors: Lambreva Maya D. , Zobnina Veranika , Antal Taras K. , Peeva Violeta N. , Giardi Maria Teresa , Bertalan Ivo , Johanningmeier Udo , Virtanen Olli , Ray Mithila , Mulo Paula , Polticelli Fabio , Tyystjärvi Esa , Rea Giuseppina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn in silico redesign of the secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB) binding pocket of the D1 protein of Photosystem II (PSII) suggested that mutations of the F265 residue would affect atrazine binding. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants F265T and F265S were produced to obtain atrazine‐hypersensitive strains for biosensor applications, and the mutants were indeed found to be more atrazine‐sensitive than the reference strain IL. Fluorescence and thermoluminescence data agree with a weak driving force and confirm slow electron transfer but cannot exclude an additional effect on protonation of the secondary quinone. Both mutants grow autotrophically, indicating that PSII requires strong light for optimal function, as was the case in the ancestral homodimeric reaction center.
Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the mechanisms by which H2S improves energy and nitrogen metabolism in tall fescue under low‐light stress
Authors: Li Hanyu , Long Si , Yu Yize , Ran Shuqi , Gong Jiongjiong , Zhu Tianqi , Xu Yuefei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) functions as a signaling molecule affecting plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a bioenergy crop, encounters significant challenges in agricultural production owing to low light by shading. However, the influence of H2S on tall fescue under low light stress (LLS) remains unclear. To examine the role of H2S in acclimation of tall fescue to low light, we conducted combined analyses of physiological traits, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. These results showed that H2S mitigated LLS‐induced inhibition of photosynthesis and maintained normal chloroplast ultrastructure by boosting the expression of photosynthesis‐related genes, including PsbQ, PsbR, PsaD, PsaK, and PetH, thereby enhancing the synthesis of carbohydrates (sucrose, starch). H2S upregulated the expression of key genes (PFK, PK, IDH, G6PD) connected to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway to promote carbon metabolism and ensure the supply of carbon skeletons and energy required for nitrogen metabolism. H2S application reverted the LLS‐induced accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and the changes in the key nitrogen metabolism enzymes glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.13), nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2), thus promoting amino acid decomposition to produce proteins involved in nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen use efficiency as well as specialized metabolism. Ultimately, H2S upregulated the C/N ratio of tall fescue, balanced its carbon and nitrogen metabolism, enhanced shade tolerance, and increased biomass. These results provided new insights into enhancing plant resilience under LLS.
The Staging of American Muslim Comedy
Authors: Thonnart Morgane 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores how American Muslim comedy is situated and constructed at the intersections of Orientalist tropes, racial projects, secular ideologies, gender discourses, and umma paradigms. This article unpacks the different histories and genealogies of the genre, and encourages the reader to attend to its polysemy and polymorphism. Drawing upon Hall and Sayyid, this article argues that the notion of “Muslim comedy” is multifaceted, elastic and shifting. It introduces the reader to some of the many voices and trajectories since Preacher Moss' pioneering work at the turn of the 21st century. Furthermore, this article shows how the increasing academic interest in Muslim comedy fits in the current study of Islam in America and how it might further the study of religion and humor in the United States.
Rapid Economic Growth but Rising Poverty Segregation: Will Vietnam Meet the SDGs for Equitable Development?
Authors: Dang Hai‐Anh H. , Dhongde Shatakshee , Do Minh N. N. , Nguyen Cuong Viet , Pimhidzai Obert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVietnam is widely regarded as a success story for its impressive economic growth and poverty reduction in the last few decades. Yet, recent evidence indicates that the country's economic growth has not been uniform. Compiling and analyzing new extensive province‐level data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSSs) spanning 2002 and 2020 and other data sources, we find within‐province inequality to be much larger than between‐province inequality. Furthermore, this inequality gap is rising over time. Despite the country's fast poverty reduction, the poor were increasingly segregated in certain provinces, particularly those with a larger ethnic minority population. We find beneficial impact of economic growth on poverty reduction, but this can depend on inequality levels. We also find greater inequality to have negative effects on economic growth but varying negative effects on different poverty indicators. We also find some supportive evidence for the beneficial impact of economic transitions from agriculture to non‐agriculture. Our results suggest that policy makers in Vietnam should focus on reducing spatial disparities and income inequality to attain sustainable economic development.
The Teichichnus Ichnofacies: Its neoichnological basis and identification in the rock record
Authors: Gingras Murray K. , MacEachern James A. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Bann Kerrie L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch on the ichnology of brackish‐water environments began in the 1930s and has led to the identification of predictable infaunal patterns. Brackish‐water deposits characteristically display low‐diversity tracefossil assemblages consisting of both vertical and horizontal structures. These salinity‐reduced ecosystems are dominated by opportunistic euryhaline‐tolerant species. Osmoregulation‐related selective pressures lead to decreased diversity and an abundance of infaunal organisms. In environments with fluctuating or low salinity, fauna adopt r‐selected strategies and are characterized by rapid colonization dynamics, high population densities, elevated mortality rates and low‐diversity assemblages. Tides in brackish‐water settings contribute a plentiful food supply with tidal currents transporting marine‐sourced and terrestrially sourced organic matter that settles on the sediment–water interface during slack‐water periods. This increased food availability favours trophic generalists using various feeding strategies to exploit both intrastratal and surficial food resources. The ichnological characteristics of modern and ancient brackish‐water strata are used to propose the Teichichnus Ichnofacies; they are temporally and spatially recurrent and reflect the biology of brackish‐water settings. The Teichichnus Ichnofacies is recognized by reduced trace‐fossil diversity, smaller trace sizes, dominance of structures reflecting trophic generalist behaviours, sporadic distributions of ichnofossils, locally high bioturbation intensities and opportunistic colonization. This ichnofacies is characterized by trace fossils interpreted to be associated with surface deposit feeding, intrastratal deposit feeding and subordinate filter feeding.
African diasporas in Australia: Christianity and the complicated matter of trust
Authors: Rocha Cristina , Openshaw Kathleen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChristianity plays a foundational role in many communities in sub‐Saharan Africa. As migrants from the African continent arrive in Australia, the usual roles of religion (i.e., connecting to the spiritual world and strengthening community) become even more pronounced. Churches become trusted support institutions for settlement. Here, we consider the complexities of trust for Christian African migrants as they negotiate settlement in Australia. For them, relationships of trust within their own communities and with Australian society at large are situated, ambivalent, and contingent. Indeed, for this cohort, trust is both powerful and fragile. We argue that in order to overcome the uncertainties of life, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic, they mobilise Christianity as a way of establishing trust. Overall, this paper calls for greater scholarly attention to how relationships of trust are established and negotiated in daily life among migrants, and particularly to the role of religion in this process.
Enhanced oxygen availability and preserved aggregative function in platelet concentrates stored at reduced platelet concentration
Authors: Nash Jamie , Pym Dean , Davies A. , Saunders Christine , George Chloe , Williams J. O. , Grinberg O. Y. , James Philip E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundStorage of platelets as platelet concentrates for transfusion is limited to 7 days in the United Kingdom due to deleterious effects on platelet quality and function that occur over time. Oxygen (O2) availability and sufficient gaseous exchange are known to be essential in maintaining the viability and function of platelets stored for transfusion. Despite this, there is a paucity of studies undertaking direct measures of O2 and optimization of conditions throughout storage. We address this and modulate the storage conditions to improve platelet quality and function.Study Design and MethodsElectron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was implemented to directly measure the [O2] experienced by stored platelet concentrates and the O2 consumption rate under standard blood banking conditions. From these direct measures the mathematical modeling was then applied to predict the main parameters contributing to effective O2 distribution throughout the unit.ResultsThis study demonstrates reducing the storage [O2] to reflect near physiological levels significantly alters O2 distribution within the unit and negatively impacts platelet functionality and quality, and therefore is not a viable storage option.DiscussionWe show the reduction of platelet concentration within a unit improves O2 availability and pH, promotes a more uniform distribution of O2 throughout prolonged storage, and maintains platelet agonist‐induced aggregation comparable to 100% platelet concentration. This may be a viable option and could potentially lead to reduced donor demand.
Preserved force control by the digits via minimal sparing of cortico‐spinal connectivity after stroke
Authors: Urbin Michael A. , Liu Fang , Moon Chan Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ability to regulate finger forces is critical for manipulating objects during everyday tasks but is impaired after damage to white matter tracts that transmit motor commands into the spinal cord. This study examines cortico‐spinal connectivity required for force control by the digits after neurological injury. We report on a unique case of a stroke survivor who retained the ability to control finger forces at a level comparable to neurologically intact adults despite extensive loss of white matter volume and severely compromised transmission from cortical motor areas onto the final common pathway. Using a combination of imaging methods and noninvasive stimulation techniques, we illustrate the structure and function of a slow‐conducting, cortico‐spinal pathway minimally spared by stroke that underlies this stroke survivor's ability to transition and stabilize finger forces of the paretic hand during precision grip. We interpret findings in the context of physiological mechanisms underlying distal limb control and current thinking on neural adaptation after brain injury due to stroke.
Physical activity and joint health: Implications for knee osteoarthritis disease pathophysiology and mechanics
Authors: Morgan Karl , Carter Joshua , Cazzola Dario , Walhin Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis is experienced by hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of disability. Although enhancing physical activity levels and the participation in exercise programmes has been proved to improve the debilitating illness of osteoarthritis, many do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity. One of the reported barriers to exercise engagement is the perception that physical activity can damage joint health and is attributed to the incorrect perception of ‘wear and tear’. We posit that these perceptions arise from uncertainty and ambiguity generated from conflicting research findings. In this review, we explore the complex relationship between knee osteoarthritis and physical activity. We demonstrate how factors contribute to the uncertainty around the effects of physical activity on joint tissue metabolism, structure and function. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how a nuanced approach to the relationship between physical activity and knee osteoarthritis can help to dispel misconceptions, leading to better management strategies and improved quality of life for patients.