bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy with melatonin, stem cells and extracellular vesicles is effective in limiting renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in a rat model
Authors: Zahran Rasha , Ghozy Asmaa , Elkholy Sanad S , El‐Taweel Fathy , El‐Magd Mohammed Abu 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic value of melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles, exosomes, on renal ischemia–reperfusion.MethodsFemale albino rats (n = 64) were divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group): control, sham (only laparotomy), renal ischemia–reperfusion (renal ischemia–reperfusion + phosphate‐buffered saline), melatonin (renal ischemia–reperfusion + melatonin), mesenchymal stem cells (renal ischemia–reperfusion + mesenchymal stem cells), exosomes (renal ischemia–reperfusion + exosomes), melatonin + mesenchymal stem cells (renal ischemia–reperfusion + melatonin + mesenchymal stem cells) and melatonin + exosomes (renal ischemia–reperfusion + melatonin + exosomes). After the establishment of the renal ischemia–reperfusion model, rats in each group were bilaterally injected once with either mesenchymal stem cells or exosomes in both renal arteries during reperfusion.ResultsNotable improvement of renal ischemia–reperfusion was obtained after different treatments, as evidenced by a lower histopathological score of kidney injury; decreased serum levels of urea, creatinine and retinol‐binding protein; reduced lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde; increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities; reduced apoptosis (lower DNA damage and B‐cell lymphoma 2‐associated X protein, and higher B‐cell lymphoma 2 genes/proteins); and inhibition of kidney inflammatory and damage markers (tumor necrosis alpha, interleukin‐1β, nuclear factor kappa B, kidney injury molecule‐1, IL‐18, matrix metalloproteinase 9, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin). The improvement order was (highest to lowest): melatonin + exosomes, melatonin + mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells and melatonin group.ConclusionsOur data suggest a potential therapeutic effect of combined therapy with melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes to minimize renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats.
Transcriptomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses reveal a novel neuritogenesis mechanism of Naja naja venom α‐elapitoxin post binding to TrkA receptor of rat pheochromocytoma cells
Authors: Islam Taufikul , Majumder Munmi , Kalita Bhargab , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Mukhopadhyay Rupak , Mukherjee Ashis K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis is the first report showing unique neuritogenesis potency of Indian Cobra N. naja venom long‐chain α‐neurotoxin (Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1) exhibiting no sequence similarity to conventional nerve growth factor, by high‐affinity binding to its tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor of rat pheochromocytoma (PC‐12) cells without requiring low‐affinity receptor p75NTR. The binding residues between Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1 and mammalian TrkA receptor are predicted by in silico analysis. This binding results in a time‐dependent internalization of TrkA receptor into the cytoplasm of PC‐12 cells. The transcriptomic analysis has demonstrated the differential expression of 445 genes; 38 and 32 genes are up‐regulated and down‐regulated, respectively in the PC‐12 cells post‐treatment with Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1. Global proteomic analysis in concurrence with transcriptomic data has also demonstrated that in addition to expression of a large number of common intracellular proteins in the control and Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1‐treated PC‐12 cells, the latter cells also showed the expression of uniquely up‐regulated and down‐regulated intracellular proteins involved in diverse cellular functions. Altogether, the data from transcriptomics, proteomics, and inhibition of downstream signaling pathways by specific inhibitors, and the immunoblot analysis of major regulators of signaling pathways of neuritogenesis unambiguously demonstrate that, similar to mouse 2.5S‐nerve growth factor, the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase is the major signaling pathway for neuritogenesis by Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1. Nonetheless, fibroblast growth factor signaling and heterotrimeric G‐protein signaling pathways were found to be uniquely expressed in Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1‐treated PC‐12 cells and not in mouse 2.5S‐nerve growth factor ‐treated cells. The TrkA binding region of Nn‐α‐elapitoxin‐1 may be developed as a peptide‐based drug prototype for the treatment of major central neurodegenerative diseases.
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Expression and methylation of Dickkopf‐1 in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: He Xiufang , Xu Chunjiao , Wu Xiaoshan , Wang Miaomiao , Guo Yiting , Zhang Wenrui , Sun Yumei , Stha Alisha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDickkopf‐1 is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, but the role of Dickkopf‐1 in oral submucous fibrosis remains unclear. We evaluated the protein expression and gene methylation levels of dickkopf‐1 to determine the mechanism underlying abnormal Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation.MethodsHealthy mucosa, oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and cancer‐adjacent tissues were collected. The expression and promoter methylation levels of dickkopf‐1 were analyzed.ResultsThe expression levels of dickkopf‐1 in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues were lower than those in healthy and cancer‐adjacent tissues. The methylation levels of the dickkopf‐1 gene in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues were higher than those in healthy and cancer‐adjacent tissues. Dickkopf‐1 expression was negatively correlated with dickkopf‐1 gene methylation.ConclusionsHigh dickkopf‐1 methylation levels in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues may decrease dickkopf‐1 expression, which may induce an abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and oral submucous fibrosis pathogenesis.
Do female frogs have higher resting metabolic rates than males? A case study with Xenopus allofraseri
Authors: Ducret V. , Videlier M. , Moureaux C. , Bonneaud C. , Herrel A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe energetic costs of body maintenance can have a profound influence on the energy that an individual can allocate to other functions such as growth, locomotion, or reproduction. Therefore, resting metabolism can ultimately affect an individual's survival or reproductive success, especially when food is limited. Although males and females often differ in their body composition (e.g. sex organs and fat accumulation) and body size, the occurrence and direction of sexual dimorphism in resting metabolism remains poorly understood in anurans. In the present study, we investigated whether males and females of the false Fraser's clawed frog Xenopus allofraseri differ in their resting metabolic rates. We used an open‐flow push‐through respirometry system to measure the volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) produced by animals at rest. Variation inwas explained by ambient temperature, body size, and sex. For a similar body size, our results revealed that females had about a 50% higher resting metabolic rate (RMR) than males. We suggest that the enhanced investment in gamete production in females compared to males may explain this difference. We further suggest that a lower RMR in males compared to females at similar body size could be selectively advantageous as unallocated energy may be devoted to costly mating, in support of the ‘compensation’ hypothesis.
Perioperative screening, management, and surveillance of Barrett's esophagus in bariatric surgical patients
Authors: Ooi Geraldine J. , Browning Alison , Hii Michael W. , Read Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity is a strong risk factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only proven precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Bariatric surgery is currently the only reliable treatment that achieves long‐term sustained weight loss; however, it can markedly affect the development of de novo BE, and the progression or regression of existing BE. Bariatric procedures may also have implications on future surgical management of any consequent EAC. In this review, we examine the current evidence and published guidelines for BE in bariatric surgery. Current screening practices before bariatric surgery vary substantially, with conflicting recommendations from bariatric societies. If diagnosed, the presence of BE may alter the type of bariatric procedure. A selective screening approach prevents unnecessary endoscopy; however, there is poor symptom correlation with disease. Studies suggest that sleeve gastrectomy predisposes patients to gastroesophageal reflux and de novo BE. Conversely, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is associated with decreased reflux and potential improvement or resolution of BE. There are currently no guidelines addressing the surveillance for BE following bariatric surgery. BE is an important consideration in the management of bariatric surgical patients. Evidence‐based recommendations are required to guide procedure selection and postoperative surveillance.
Molecular detection of important abortion‐causing microorganisms in preputial swab of breeding bucks using PCR‐based assays
Authors: Gangwar Chetna , Kumaresan Gururaj , Mishra Anil Kumar , Kumar Anshuman , Pachoori Anjali , Saraswat Sonia , Singh Narendra Pratap , Kharche Suresh Dinkar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfectious diseases and aetiological agents related to female reproductive systems were extensively covered compared to its male counterpart. There needs a proper study to bridge this gap, where microflora and infectious agents of both male and female reproductive are mutually intelligible. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of the preputial cavity and also screened for abortion‐causing agents which are zoonotic as well. In goats, such types of abortions are caused by Brucella melitensis, Chlamydophila, Campylobacter and Coxiella etc. One of the major sources of contamination of semen is the preputial cavity, which is exposed to the external environment leading to spread of infection into the female via semen straws or by natural service. In the current study, good quality bucks (n = 32, Barbari = 12, Jamunapari = 10, Jakhrana = 10) which were routinely used for semen collection were screened for their preputial swabs, for the presence of the above pathogens. For detection of Brucella melitensis, OMP31 based TaqMan® probe real‐time PCR assay was used, and for Chlamydia, 16srRNA gene based SYBR® green real‐time PCR assay was employed for detection of Chlamydophila abortus. While for Campylobacter spp. and Coxiella burnetii, 16srRNA gene based conventional PCR and Trans‐PCR were used, respectively. In the current study, of the screened preputial swabs, none of them showed positive for Brucella and Coxiella, but of the screened 32 samples 17 showed positive for Chlamydia (53.13%) and two (6.25%) showed positive for Campylobacter spp. The current study emphasizes on the farms and laboratories which were regularly involved in screening of brucellosis also often overlook the other potential non‐brucella pathogens, causing abortions eventually incurring severe economic losses to the goat keepers.
Children’s sociomoral judgements of antisocial but not prosocial others depend on recipients’ past moral behaviour
Authors: Bocian Konrad , Myslinska Szarek Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether recipients’ past moral or immoral behaviour shapes 4‐year‐olds’ judgements of the agents who either harm or help the recipients. Children (N = 161) watched the agent who either harmed or helped the antisocial, prosocial, or neutral recipient. Afterwards, children indicated their sociomoral judgement of the agent’s act, their attitude towards the agent and their perception of the agent’s emotions. Children liked the agent more, ascribed less sadness to the agent, and judged the agent’s actions as less bad when the agent inflicted harm against the antisocial recipient than on the prosocial and neutral recipient. The recipient’s past behaviour did not influence children’s evaluations when the agent helped the recipient. The presented evidence indicates that by the age of 4, children develop the ability to use complex moral reasoning that allows them to monitor whether the harmful behaviour of antisocial others is justified by retaliation for past transgressions.
Measurement of serum Interleukin 34 (IL‐34) and correlation with severity and pruritus scores in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gow Deborah J. , Jackson Hilary , Forsythe Peter , Nuttall Tim , Gow Adam G. , Mellanby Richard J. , Hume David A. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of dogs. Interleukin (IL)‐34 is a monocyte/macrophage growth factor, produced mainly by keratinocytes, that has been implicated in several human inflammatory conditions including human AD.HypothesisCanine serum IL‐34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and correlate with clinical lesion and pruritus scores.AnimalsForty seven client‐owned dogs diagnosed with AD and 25 healthy, unaffected control dogs.Methods and materialsA commercially available IL‐34 ELISA was optimized for the measurement of IL‐34 in canine serum samples. Information regarding treatment, clinical lesion scores [Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04)] and pruritus Visual Analog Score (pVAS) were recorded for each dog at the time of serum collection.ResultsDogs with AD had significantly increased serum IL‐34 concentrations compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between IL‐34 concentrations and CADESI‐04 and pVAS scores. Concentrations of IL‐34 remained increased in dogs with AD receiving steroids or the JAK1 inhibitor, oclacitinib, compared to unaffected control dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceSerum IL‐34 concentrations are increased in dogs with AD and are correlated with clinical severity and pruritus. IL‐34 may be a suitable candidate therapeutic target for canine AD.
Numerical Comparison of Leakage Flow and Rotordynamic Characteristics for Two Types of Labyrinth Seals With Baffles
Authors: Zhang Yuanqiao , Li Jun , Li Zhigang , Yan Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cavity separation baffles can decrease the circumferential swirl intensity of labyrinth seals and increase the seals' rotordynamic characteristics. Compared with conventional baffles, the bristle packs of brush seal baffles can contact the rotor directly, thereby further reducing the swirl intensity of the seal cavity. This paper, using the numerical model combining a multifrequency elliptical whirling orbit model, a porous medium model, and transient Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solutions, compares the leakage flow and rotordynamic characteristics of a labyrinth seal with brush-seal baffles (LSBSB) and a labyrinth seal with conventional baffles (LSCB). Ideal air flows into the seal at an inlet preswirl velocity of 0 m/s (or 60 m/s or 100 m/s), total pressure of 690 kPa, and temperature of 14 °C. The outlet static pressure is 100 kPa and the rotational speed is 7500 r/min (surface speed of 66.8 m/s) or 15,000 r/min (surface speed of 133.5 m/s). Numerical results show that the LSBSB possesses the slightly less leakage flow rate than the LSCB due to the flow resistance of the bristle pack to the fluid. Compared with the LSCB, the LSBSB shows a higher positive effective stiffness (Keff) at all considered vibration frequencies and a higher effective damping (Ceff) for most vibration frequencies. What is more, the crossover frequency (fc0) of the LSBSB is significantly lower than that of the LSCB, which means that the LSBSB has a wider frequency range offering positive effective damping. The increasing inlet preswirl velocity and rotational speed only slightly affect the Keff for both seals. The Ceff of two seals decreases as the inlet preswirl velocity rises, especially for the LSCB. The Ceff of the LSCB slightly decreases because of the increasing rotational speed. In contrast, the Ceff of the LSBSB is not sensitive to the changes in rotational speed. In a word, the LSBSB possesses superior rotordynamic performance to the LSCB. Note that this work also investigates the leakage flow and rotordynamic characteristics a labyrinth seal with inclined baffles (LSIB) under the condition of u0 = 60 m/s and n = 15,000 r/min. The inclined baffles of the LSIB are same as the backing plates of LSBSB baffles. The LSIB has rotordynamic coefficients almost equal to the LSCB. Hence, the reason why the LSBSB possesses better rotordynamic performance than that of the LSCB is the flow resistance of bristle packs of brush seal baffles, not the inclination direction variation of baffles.
Numerical Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack in Emergency Scenarios
Authors: Szczęśniak Arkadiusz , Milewski Jarosław , Szabłowski Łukasz , Dybiński Olaf , Futyma Kamil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) offer several advantages that are attracting an increasingly intense research and development effort. Recent advances include improved materials and fabrication techniques as well as new designs, flow configurations, and applications. Several factors are holding back large-scale implementation of fuel cells, though, especially in distributed energy generation, a major one being their long response time to changing parameters. Alternative mathematical models of the molten carbonate fuel cell stack have been developed over the last decade. This study investigates a generic molten carbonate fuel cell stack with a nominal power output of 1 kWel. As daily, weekly, and monthly variations in the electrical power load are expected, there is a need to develop numerical tools to predict the unit’s performance with high accuracy. Hence, a fully physical dynamic model of an MCFC stack was developed and implemented in aspen hysys 10 modeling software to enable a predictive analysis of the dynamic response. The presented model exhibits high accuracy and accounts for thermal and electrochemical processes and parameters. The authors present a numerical analysis of an MCFC stack in emergency scenarios. Further functionality of the model, which was validated using real operational data, is discussed.
Photovoltaic Power Prediction for Solar Car Park Lighting Office Energy Management
Authors: Ammar Mohsen Ben , Ammar Rim Ben , Oualha Abdelmajid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The photovoltaic energy is widely used in modern power network due to its environmental and economic benefits. Solar car park is one of the solar photovoltaic system applications. The photovoltaic energy has disadvantages of intermittence and weather's variation. Thus, photovoltaic power prediction is very necessary to guarantee a balance between the produced energy and the solar car park requirements. The prediction of the photovoltaic energy is related to solar irradiation and ambient temperature forecasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate various methodologies for weather data estimation, namely, the empirical models, the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The simulation results show that the ANFIS model can be successfully used to forecast the photovoltaic power. The forecasted photovoltaic energy was used for the solar car park lighting office management algorithm.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Structural Safety Assessment of a Mitigation Device to Minimize Consequence of a Containment Bypass Nuclear Accident
Authors: Wang Wung Jae , Yim Man-Sung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The thermally induced steam generator tube rupture (TI-SGTR) accident is a principal contributor to mean early and latent cancer fatality among the containment bypass accidents. To mitigate the consequence of a TI-SGTR accident, use of a bypass mitigation device has been proposed. This study investigated the feasibility of using the proposed bypass mitigation device based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and structural safety assessment using a commercial simulation software (Fluent). As TI-SGTR accident may occur if main steam safety valve (MSSV) for preventing over pressurization is stuck-open in station black out (SBO) scenario, the analysis included the modeling of the flow of dry steam from MSSV to the capturing pipe of the mitigation system. According to CFD analysis results, after passing MSSV, the inlet pressure was decreased to the atmospheric pressure. The structural safety analysis was based on evaluating the equivalent stress distribution of the capturing pipe. Under three inlet pressure conditions, the largest concentrated stress on the capturing pipe was found to be less than 10% to tensile strength of the steel. For the concrete support, the safety margins may not be sufficient for 8.7 MPa inlet pressure condition. The thermal-mechanical analysis was performed for the period of 15 min, indicating that the effect of thermal expansion is small and that the resulting strain does not pose a concern. The results of this study can also be utilized to study externally released flow through MSSV or to identify directions for supplementing or reinforcing the migration system.
A Comparison of Simplified One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Analytical Models for Predicting Metallic Recuperator Performance
Authors: Sharma Harshdeep , Goel Varun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The performance models for high-temperature metallic recuperators considering one and two-dimensional heat transfer are presented. In one-dimensional model, an explicit expression to represent the effect of both the temperature and product of partial pressure and mean beam length on the emissivity is developed using emissivity charts. The effect of upstream and downstream surroundings is neglected. A two-dimensional heat transfer model is developed using zone method along with sum-of-gray-gases approximation to study the effect of upstream and downstream surroundings on performance. The results from the two models are compared. For lower values of inlet flue gas temperatures and higher mass flow rates, one-dimensional model predicts results within 5% of two-dimensional model. One-dimensional model provides a simplified solution for the assessment of recuperator performance but predicts the surface temperature distribution on a relatively lower side for higher inlet flue gas temperatures and low mass flow rates.
General Correlations for Laminar Flow Friction Loss and Heat Transfer in Plain Rectangular Plate-Fin Cores
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Shi Dantong , Jog Milind A. , Manglik Raj M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew generalized correlations for predicting the average fanning friction factor f and average Nusselt number Nu for laminar flow in plain plate-fin compact cores of rectangular cross section are presented. These are based on extended experimental data, as well as three-dimensional computational simulations, obtained for a broad range of fin density and geometrical attributes. The results indicate that while the fully developed forced convection scales only with the interfin channel cross-sectional ratio α (fin spacing by fin height), the entrance region hydrodynamic and thermal performance is additionally a function of the fin-core length L, flow Reynolds number Re, and fluid Prandtl number Pr. The developing flow and convection is further shown to scale as: (fRe)∼(L/dhRe)1/2, and Nu ∼(L/dhRe)1/2Pr1/3ϕ(α), where f, Re, and Nu are all based on the hydraulic diameter dh of the interfin flow channel. Generalized correlations for both (fRe) and Nu are developed by the corresponding scaling of the forced convection behavior and asymptotic matching of the entrance or developing flow (short fin-core flow length) and the fully developed flow (large fin-core flow length) region performance. Finally, the predictions from these correlations are found to be within ±15% of all available experimental data for air, water, and glycol (0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 10), and fin cores with 0 &lt; α ≤ 1.