bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrated salt-resistant emulsions of the “oil in water” type used for the development of oil and gas wells
Authors: Belenko E V , Khvatov A V , Sakharov P A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Currently, water-based and hydrocarbon-based oil and gas well silencing fluids are widely used. The most promising liquids for silencing and developing wells are direct emulsions, whose viscosity can be regulated by changing the concentration of the “oil” phase. Urgent task is to develop polymer-free structured emulsion compositions for developing and silencing low-temperature oil and gas wells that are stable when the water phase is saturated with sodium or potassium chlorides. For use in protected areas, the developed formulations should use vegetable oils and esters based on them as the oil phase, along with hydrocarbons.
Mineral gels with a condensed dispersed phase
Authors: Sakharov P A , Khvatov A V , Belenko E V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the modern oil industry, water-polymer gels are widely used as drilling fluids. The main structural and mechanical units of these gels are macromolecules that participate in the construction of a single spatial structural grid due to donor-acceptor or ion bonds. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of obtaining mineral hydrogels that combine high structural and mechanical characteristics characteristic of polymer hydrogels, but differ in the pseudoplastic flow model in combination with stability in the harsh thermobaric conditions of oil wells. Condensed hydrogels can potentially solve the most important problem in the production of liquid and gaseous minerals, which is to preserve the natural ecological balance and ensure the normal mode of biological self-purification of biogeocenoses in the areas of oil field development and disposal of drilling waste.
Interaction of Neighborhood and Genetic Risk on Waist Circumference in African-American Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: McDaniel Tyler , Wilson Dawn K , Coulon M Sandra , Sweeney Allison M , Van Horn M Lee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding determinants of metabolic risk has become a national priority given the increasingly high prevalence rate of this condition among U.S. adults.

Purpose
This study’s aim was to assess the impact of gene-by-neighborhood social environment interactions on waist circumference (WC) as a primary marker of metabolic risk in underserved African-American adults. Based on a dual-risk model, it was hypothesized that those with the highest genetic risk and who experienced negative neighborhood environment conditions would demonstrate higher WC than those with fewer risk factors.

Methods
This study utilized a subsample of participants from the Positive Action for Today’s Health environmental intervention to improve access and safety for walking in higher-crime neighborhoods, who were willing to provide buccal swab samples for genotyping stress-related genetic pathways. Assessments were conducted with 228 African-American adults at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results
Analyses indicated three significant gene-by-environment interactions on WC outcomes within the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) genetic pathway. Two interactions supported the dual-risk hypotheses, including the SNS genetic risk-by-neighborhood social life interaction (b = −0.11, t(618) = −2.02, p = .04), and SNS genetic risk-by-informal social control interaction (b = −0.51, t(618) = −1.95, p = .05) on WC outcomes. These interactions indicated that higher genetic risk and lower social-environmental supports were associated with higher WC. There was also one significant SNS genetic risk-by-neighborhood satisfaction interaction (b = 1.48, t(618) = 2.23, p = .02) on WC that was inconsistent with the dual-risk pattern.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that neighborhood and genetic factors dually influence metabolic risk and that these relations may be complex and warrant further study.

Trial Registration
NCT01025726.
Experimental Test of the Educational Impact of the Newly Proposed FDA Graphic Cigarette Warnings Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Magnan Renee E , Hamilton W Kyle , Shorey-Fennell Bethany , Cameron Linda D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
In August 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed a set of 13 new graphic warnings for cigarette packaging and advertisements.

Purpose
We evaluated these warnings relative to text-only equivalents for their ability to educate the public regarding harms of smoking and influence outcomes associated with quitting.

Methods
In an experimental within-subjects design, U.S. adult nonsmokers, smokers, and dual smoker/electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users (N = 412) recruited from an online internet platform evaluated the newly proposed graphic warnings and corresponding text-only warnings on understandability, perceived new knowledge, worry elicited about the content of the warning, discouragement from smoking, and encouragement to use e-cigarettes.

Results
Graphic warnings were generally rated as providing better understanding, more new knowledge, eliciting more worry about harms of smoking, and providing more discouragement from smoking relative to text-only warnings.

Conclusions
The newly proposed graphic warnings could influence important responses to warnings associated with motivation to reduce smoking.
Comparing the Individual and Combined Effects of Ant Attendance and Wing Formation on Aphid Body Size and Reproduction
Authors: Nelson Annika S , Mooney Kailen A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpecies employ multiple strategies to deal with stressful environments, but these strategies often incur costs. Aphids frequently utilize multiple predator avoidance strategies, including attracting mutualist ants for protection and dispersing by producing winged forms. While both strategies can be physiologically costly, the magnitudes of these costs have not been previously compared. In this study, we experimentally manipulated ant attendance in the field and measured the individual and interactive effects of ant attendance and wing formation on body size and reproduction of the ant-tended aphid Cinara schwarzii (Wilson) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Aphid adult body size was smaller in the presence of ants (18%), but controlling for body size, there were no differences in embryo number or size. In contrast, wing formation did not affect adult body size but strongly reduced embryo number (46%) and size (8%). Although ant attendance reduced C. schwarzii wing formation, ant attendance and wing formation acted independently on aphid body size and reproduction. For comparison, we confirmed that the manipulation of ant presence had no effect on body size or reproduction of the untended co-existing congener Cinara solitaria (Gillette and Palmer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Complementing our empirical study, a meta-analysis of 78 responses from 24 publications showed that wing formation consistently and significantly reduces aphid body size and reproduction (37%), while the effects of ant attendance showed a mean positive effect (9%) that did not significantly differ from zero. Together, our empirical study and meta-analysis provide strong evidence for costs of wing formation but not ant attendance for aphids.
Identification of pan-cancer Ras pathway activation with deep learning
Authors: Li Xiangtao , Li Shaochuan , Wang Yunhe , Zhang Shixiong , Wong Ka-Chun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe identification of hidden responders is often an essential challenge in precision oncology. A recent attempt based on machine learning has been proposed for classifying aberrant pathway activity from multiomic cancer data. However, we note several critical limitations there, such as high-dimensionality, data sparsity and model performance. Given the central importance and broad impact of precision oncology, we propose nature-inspired deep Ras activation pan-cancer (NatDRAP), a deep neural network (DNN) model, to address those restrictions for the identification of hidden responders. In this study, we develop the nature-inspired deep learning model that integrates bulk RNA sequencing, copy number and mutation data from PanCanAltas to detect pan-cancer Ras pathway activation. In NatDRAP, we propose to synergize the nature-inspired artificial bee colony algorithm with different gradient-based optimizers in one framework for optimizing DNNs in a collaborative manner. Multiple experiments were conducted on 33 different cancer types across PanCanAtlas. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NatDRAP can provide superior performance over other benchmark methods with strong robustness towards diagnosing RAS aberrant pathway activity across different cancer types. In addition, gene ontology enrichment and pathological analysis are conducted to reveal novel insights into the RAS aberrant pathway activity identification and characterization. NatDRAP is written in Python and available at https://github.com/lixt314/NatDRAP1.
Early ontogeny defines the diversification of primary vascular bundle systems in angiosperms
Authors: Claßen-Bockhoff Regine , Franke Doris , Krähmer Hansjörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding vascular bundle systems in angiosperms is a challenge. On the one hand, the vascular tissue is extremely important in reconstructing the evolution and survivability of plants, but on the other hand, it forms a complicated three-dimensional system of controversially discussed phylogenetic and ontogenetic origin. To increase clarity, in this paper we briefly summarize histological, phylogenetic and molecular aspects of primary vascular bundle formation in angiosperms, adding histological data on early stages of vascular bundle formation, proposing a concept combining the different views and providing simplified illustrations to improve the understanding of primary vascular systems in angiosperms. Based on the auxin hypothesis, vascular bundle formation is stimulated by the development of leaf primordia. Provascular domains appear at the base of the leaf primordia and develop into two directions (leaf, internode). The low vs. high number of internodal bundles, their circular vs. scattered arrangement and the open vs. closed bundle construction in eudicots vs. monocots can be deduced to be due to processes below the shoot apical meristem. The most important processes distinguishing monocots from eudicots are the isolated bundle initiation outside the primary meristem, the enormous expansion of the leaf bases associated with a high number of vascular bundles and the early onset of primary thickening passively dislocating vascular bundles.
Structural Neuroplastic Responses Preserve Functional Connectivity and Neurobehavioural Outcomes in Children Born Without Corpus Callosum
Authors: Siffredi Vanessa , Preti Maria G , Kebets Valeria , Obertino Silvia , Leventer Richard J , McIlroy Alissandra , Wood Amanda G , Anderson Vicki , Spencer-Smith Megan M , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the brain connecting the two hemispheres. In the context of developmental absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum (AgCC), a proposed candidate for neuroplastic response is strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways. To test this hypothesis, we assessed structural and functional connectivity in a uniquely large cohort of children with AgCC (n = 20) compared with typically developing controls (TDC, n = 29), and then examined associations with neurobehavioral outcomes using a multivariate data-driven approach (partial least squares correlation, PLSC). For structural connectivity, children with AgCC showed a significant increase in intrahemispheric connectivity in addition to a significant decrease in interhemispheric connectivity compared with TDC, in line with the aforementioned hypothesis. In contrast, for functional connectivity, children with AgCC and TDC showed a similar pattern of intrahemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity. In conclusion, we observed structural strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways in children born without corpus callosum, which seems to allow for functional connectivity comparable to a typically developing brain, and were relevant to explain neurobehavioral outcomes in this population. This neuroplasticity might be relevant to other disorders of axonal guidance, and developmental disorders in which corpus callosum alteration is observed.
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by bacterial membrane vesicles
Authors: Zlatkov Nikola , Nadeem Aftab , Uhlin Bernt Eric , Wai Sun Nyunt 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are spherical extracellular organelles whose cargo is enclosed by a biological membrane. The cargo can be delivered to distant parts of a given habitat in a protected and concentrated manner. This review presents current knowledge about BMVs in the context of bacterial eco-evolutionary dynamics among different environments and hosts. BMVs may play an important role in establishing and stabilizing bacterial communities in such environments; for example, bacterial populations may benefit from BMVs to delay the negative effect of certain evolutionary trade-offs that can result in deleterious phenotypes. BMVs can also perform ecosystem engineering by serving as detergents, mediators in biochemical cycles, components of different biofilms, substrates for cross-feeding, defense systems against different dangers and enzyme-delivery mechanisms that can change substrate availability. BMVs further contribute to bacteria as mediators in different interactions, with either other bacterial species or their hosts. In short, BMVs extend and deliver phenotypic traits that can have ecological and evolutionary value to both their producers and the ecosystem as a whole.
Mortality among uranium miners in North America and Europe: the Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA)
Authors: Richardson D B , Rage E , Demers P A , Do M T , DeBono N , Fenske N , Deffner V , Kreuzer M , Samet J , Wiggins C , Schubauer-Berigan M K , Kelly-Reif K , Tomasek L , Zablotska L B , Laurier D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA) study draws together information from cohorts of uranium miners from Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany and the USA.

Methods
Vital status and cause of death were ascertained and compared with expectations based upon national mortality rates by computing standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) overall and by categories of time since first hire, calendar period of first employment and duration of employment as a miner.

Results
There were 51 787 deaths observed among 118 329 male miners [SMR = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.06]. The SMR was elevated for all cancers (n = 16 633, SMR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.25), due primarily to excess mortality from cancers of the lung (n = 7756, SMR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.86, 1.94), liver and gallbladder (n = 549, SMR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.25), larynx (n = 229, SMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.26), stomach (n = 1058, SMR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15) and pleura (n = 39, SMR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.44). Lung-cancer SMRs increased with duration of employment, decreased with calendar period and persisted with time since first hire. Among non-malignant causes, the SMR was elevated for external causes (n = 3362, SMR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.46) and respiratory diseases (n = 4508, SMR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.36), most notably silicosis (n = 814, SMR = 13.56; 95% CI: 12.64, 14.52), but not chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 1729, SMR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.02).

Conclusions
Whereas there are important obstacles to the ability to detect adverse effects of occupational exposures via SMR analyses, PUMA provides evidence of excess mortality among uranium miners due to a range of categories of cause of death. The persistent elevation of SMRs with time since first hire as a uranium miner underscores the importance of long-term follow-up of these workers.
An Extension of BCOV Invariant
Authors: Zhang Yeping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri, and Vafa constructed a real-valued invariant for Calabi–Yau manifolds, which is called the BCOV invariant. In this paper, we consider a pair $(X,Y)$, where $X$ is a compact Kähler manifold and $Y\in \big |K_X^m\big |$ with $m\in{\mathbb{Z}}\backslash \{0,-1\}$. We extend the BCOV invariant to such pairs. If $m=-2$ and $X$ is a rigid del Pezzo surface, the extended BCOV invariant is equivalent to Yoshikawa’s equivariant BCOV invariant. If $m=1$, the extended BCOV invariant is well behaved under blowup. It was conjectured that birational Calabi–Yau three-folds have the same BCOV invariant. As an application of our extended BCOV invariant, we show that this conjecture holds for Atiyah flops.
Trends in Burn Injuries in Northern Israel During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Kruchevsky Dani , Arraf Maher , Levanon Shir , Capucha Tal , Ramon Yitzchak , Ullmann Yehuda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 obliged many countries to apply lockdown policies to contain the spread of infection. The restrictions in Israel included limitations on movement, reduction of working capacity, and closure of the educational system. The present study focused on patients treated at a referral center for burns in northern Israel. Their goal was to investigate temporal variations in burn injuries during this period. Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of burn patients treated at our hospital between March 14, 2020 and April 20, 2020 (ie, the period of aggravated lockdown). Data from this period were compared with that from paralleling periods between 2017 and 2019. During the lockdown and paralleling periods, 178 patients were treated for burn injuries, of whom 44% were under 18. Although no restrictions were enforced during the virus outbreak period with regard to seeking medical care, we noticed a decrease in the number of patients admitted to the emergency room for all reasons. Of particular interest was a 66% decrease in the number of adult burn patients (P &lt; .0001). Meanwhile, among the pediatric population, no significant decrease was observed. Nonetheless, subgroups with higher susceptibility to burn injuries included children aged 2 to 5 years (56.3% vs 23.8%, P = .016) and female patients from all pediatric age groups (57.1% vs 25%, P = .027). These findings may be explained by the presumably busier kitchen and dining areas during the lockdown. Overall, the study results can assist with building a stronger understanding of varying burn injuries and with developing educational and preventive strategies.
High-Quality SNP Linkage Maps Improved QTL Mapping and Genome Assembly inPopulus
Authors: Tong Chunfa , Yao Dan , Wu Hainan , Chen Yuhua , Yang Wenguo , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and the development of new software for extracting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a mapping population, it is possible to construct high-quality genetic maps with thousands of SNPs in outbred forest trees. Two parent-specific linkage maps were constructed with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data from an F1 hybrid population derived from Populus deltoides and Populus simonii, and applied in QTL mapping and genome assembly. The female P. deltoides map contained 4018 SNPs, which were divided into 19 linkage groups under a wide range of LOD thresholds from 7 to 55. The male P. simonii map showed similar characteristics, consisting of 2097 SNPs, which also belonged to 19 linkage groups under LOD thresholds of 7 to 29. The SNP order of each linkage group was optimal among different ordering results from several available software. Moreover, the linkage maps allowed the detection of 39 QTLs underlying tree height and 47 for diameter at breast height. In addition, the linkage maps improved the anchoring of 689 contigs of P. simonii to chromosomes. The 2 parental genetic maps of Populus are of high quality, especially in terms of SNP data quality, the SNP order within linkage groups, and the perfect match between the number of linkage groups and the karyotype of Populus, as well as the excellent performances in QTL mapping and genome assembly. Both approaches for extracting and ordering SNPs could be applied to other species for constructing high-quality genetic maps.
Activity overlap of carnivores, their potential wild prey, and temporal segregation, with livestock in a Biosphere Reserve in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Durán-Antonio Jessica , González-Romero Alberto , Sosa Vinicio J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Daily activity is an important aspect of animal behavior and depends both on nutritional and reproductive demands. It also can be modified by—among other factors—interspecific competition, the need to minimize the risk of predation, and human disturbance, such as the presence of cattle. We studied the activity patterns and degree of overlap among carnivores, their potential wild prey, and livestock, in a Biosphere Reserve in the Chihuahuan Desert. There was no temporal segregation among the carnivores. Carnivores synchronized their activity with that of their main prey, the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus). In contrast, we did observe temporal segregation between the puma (Puma concolor), coyote (Canis latrans), and bobcat (Lynx rufus), with mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). There was little activity overlap between predators and livestock (Bos taurus, Equus caballus). However, to avoid conflict resulting from livestock predation we suggest increasing and improving surveillance, and that calves and females close to calving be sheltered. More studies on the multi-niche interactions of livestock and their wild predators are needed to understand daily activity overlap in different seasons, and to better understand the mechanisms of coexistence in protected areas in order to make sound management recommendations to cattle growers and park rangers.
Polyteam semantics
Authors: Hannula Miika , Kontinen Juha , Virtema Jonni 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Team semantics is the mathematical framework of modern logics of dependence and independence in which formulae are interpreted by sets of assignments (teams) instead of single assignments as in first-order logic. In order to deepen the fruitful interplay between team semantics and database dependency theory, we define Polyteam Semantics in which formulae are evaluated over a family of teams. We begin by defining a novel polyteam variant of dependence atoms and give a finite axiomatization for the associated implication problem. We relate polyteam semantics to team semantics and investigate in which cases logics over the former can be simulated by logics over the latter. We also characterize the expressive power of poly-dependence logic by properties of polyteams that are downwards closed and definable in existential second-order logic ($\textsf{ESO}$). The analogous result is shown to hold for poly-independence logic and all $\textsf{ESO}$-definable properties. We also relate poly-inclusion logic to greatest fixed point logic.