bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D-3D integration of hBN and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators
Authors: Agarwal Hitesh , Terrés Bernat , Orsini Lorenzo , Montanaro Alberto , Sorianello Vito , Pantouvaki Marianna , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Thourhout Dries Van , Romagnoli Marco , Koppens Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the first 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This novel combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with record high performances: a ∼39GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high speed modulators. This first demonstration of 2D-3D integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs.
Brief problem-solving therapy for antenatal depressive symptoms in primary care in rural Ethiopia:&nbsp;protocol for a randomised, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Bitew Tesera , Keynejad Roxanne , Myers Bronwyn , Honikman Simone , Medhin Girmay , Girma Fikirte , Howard Louise , Sorsdahl Katherine , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a high prevalence of antenatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, there is very little evidence for contextually adapted psychological interventions delivered in rural African settings.The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the feasibility of procedures for a future fully powered efficacy trial of contextually adapted brief Problem Solving Therapy (PST) for antenatal depression in rural Ethiopia, and (2) to investigate the acceptability, fidelity and feasibility of delivery of PST in routine antenatal care.Methods: Design: A randomized, controlled, feasibility trial and mixed method process evaluation. Participants: Consecutive women attending antenatal clinics in two primary care facilities in rural Ethiopian districts. Eligibility criteria: 1) Disabling levels of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of five or more and positive for the 10th disability item); 2) gestational age 12-34 weeks; 3) aged 16 years and above, 4) planning to live in the study area for at least six months; 5) no severe medical or psychiatric conditions. Intervention: Four sessions of adapted PST delivered by trained and supervised antenatal care staff over a maximum period of eight weeks. Control: enhanced usual care (EUC). Sample size: n=50. Randomisation: individual randomisation stratified by intimate partner violence (IPV). Allocation: central phone allocation. Outcome assessors and statistician masked to allocation status. Primary feasibility trial outcome: dropout rate. Primary future efficacy trial outcome: change in PHQ-9 score, assessed nine weeks after recruitment. Secondary outcomes: anxiety symptoms, trauma symptoms, intimate partner violence, disability, healthcare costs at 9 weeks; postnatal outcomes (perinatal and neonatal complications, onset of breast feeding, child health) assessed 4-6 weeks postnatal. Other trial feasibility indicators: recruitment, number and duration of sessions attended. Audio-recording of randomly selected sessions and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, healthcare providers and supervisors will be analysed thematically to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the trial procedures and fidelity of the delivery of PST.Discussion: The findings of the study will be used to inform the design of a fully-powered efficacy trial of brief PST for antenatal depression in routine care in rural Ethiopia. Trial registration: The protocol was registered in the Pan-African clinical trials registry, (PACTR): registration number: PACTR202008712234907 on 18/08/2020;URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9578Funding: This work is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative [DEL-15-01].
Midwives’ Integration of Post-Abortion Manual Vacuum Aspiration in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Mixed Methods Case Study &amp; Positive Deviance Assessment
Authors: Bourret Kirsty Marie , Larocque Sylvie , Hien Amélie , Hogue Carol , Muray Kalum , Lukusa Aurélie Thethe , Ngabo Abel Minani 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a recognized need for midwives to provide post abortion care, there exist barriers preventing them from integrating lifesaving skills such as manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) into practice. This collaborative research with the Professional Association of Congolese Midwives (SCOSAF), sought to understand how certain midwives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have overcome barriers to successfully integrate MVA for post abortion care. Specifically, in order to provide locally-driven solutions to the problem of inadequate post abortion care in the DRC, this study aimed to identify examples of positive deviance, or midwives who had successfully integrated MVA in complex working environments following an in-service training facilitated by their midwifery association, SCOSAF.Methods: Creswell’s mixed method comparative case study design was used to identify positive deviant midwives who had practiced MVA one or more times post training and to explore their strategies and enabling factors. Other midwives who had not practiced MVA post training permitted for a comparison group and further interpretations. Sources of data included a sequential survey and semi-structured interviews. Results: All 102 midwives invited to be surveyed were recruited and 34% reported practicing MVA post training (positive deviant midwives). No statistical significance was found between the two groups’ demographics and practice facility type. Overall, both groups had positive attitudes regarding midwifery-led MVA and legalization of abortion. Positive deviant midwives demonstrated and described more confidence and competence to practice and teach MVA. They were more likely to identify as teachers and overcome interprofessional barriers by teaching MVA to physicians, medical students and other midwives and position themselves as experts during post abortion emergencies.Conclusion: Results provided important insight to midwives’ integration of post abortion care in Kinshasa. Strategies used by positive deviant midwives in emergencies allowed them to navigate challenging contexts in order to practice MVA, while simultaneously increasing the credibility of their profession and the dissemination of evidenced-based MVA practice. Programs designed to work with and promote positive deviant midwives as knowledge brokers could be tested for their overall impact on the diffusion of midwifery-led MVA to improve access to safe, respectful reproductive care.
Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese-Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (P-Pass) for Portuguese Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Ferreira Pedro L , Simões Ana Lúcia , Dourado Marília , Holm Margo B. , Rogers Joan C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing need to measure health outcomes and to ensure a more independent life, it is essential to validate instruments capable of assessing the functionality of activities of daily living. The Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS), based on three occupational performance constructs (independence, safety and adequacy), allows health professionals to delineate their interventions more effectively according to the needs of each patient. The purpose of this study was to create a Portuguese version of the PASS (P-PASS) and to measure the performance of people with disabilities. Methods. Linguistic validation was performed through the translation/back-translation procedure. Next, the scale to be completed by health professionals was submitted to a clinical review by a panel of experts. Subsequently, it was applied to 98 people with physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The data collected were then analyzed and the results evaluated in accordance with the three PASS constructs. The results were also analyzed in terms of age and gender. Results. To create the Portuguese version, one task was removed from the original PASS and seven tasks were combined or adapted. Task independence had the highest scores and adequacy the lowest. In terms of reliability, the P-PASS revealed almost perfect levels of agreement between observers, except for the adequacy construct of the ‘bed mobility’ task that showed moderate agreement. In general, the original structure of the PASS was replicated in the Portuguese version. Men presented greater independence than women in the tasks of ‘bill paying by ATM’ and ‘changing TV command batteries.’ Participants under 60 years of age had the highest scores overall. Conclusions. The combination or adaptation of some items to be more culturally relevant is a valid procedure that has been used by other authors during the validation of PASS items. The results obtained by P-PASS showed comparable scores with the original PASS and with other translated/adapted versions. The P-PASS is a valid and reliable scale for the Portuguese population, enabling more effective measurement of health outcomes.
Lay persons’ perception of the requirements for research in emergency obstetric and newborn care
Authors: Kaye Daniel Kabonge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Factors that could potentially act as facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment strategies in perinatal clinical trials are not well documented. The objective was to assess lay persons’ understanding of the informed consent for randomized clinical trial in emergency obstetric and newborn care. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted among survivors of severe obstetric complications who were attending the post-natal clinic of Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda, 6-8 weeks after surviving severe obstetric complications during pregnancy or childbirth. The study that involved 18 in-depth interviews was conducted from June 1, 2019 to July 6, 2019. The issues explored included perceptions of the purpose and necessity to conduct such research how research-related information would be disclosed, and what could be the potential benefits and risks of participation. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Findings: Respondents felt that research was necessary to investigate the cause, prevention or complications of an illness, especially as much was known about some pregnancy and newborn complications. Most believed that the emergency contexts affects whether and what prospective participants may understand if information about research was disclosed. Whereas they did not see the value of procedures like randomization, they felt that if these and any other procedures necessary should be done transparently and fairly. The decisions to participate would significantly be influenced by possibility of risk to the unborn baby or the newborn. Solidarity was an important influence on decision-making. Conclusion: Respondents valued participation in RCTs in emergency obstetric and newborn care. However, they expressed concerns and valued openness, transparency and accountability with regard to how clinical trials information is disclosed and the decision-making process for clinical trial participation. While autonomy and solidarity are contradictory values, they complement each other during decision-making for informed consent.
Results and molecular correlates from a pilot study of neoadjuvant induction FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation and surgery for gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wo Jennifer , Clark Jeffrey , Eyler Christine , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Klempner Samuel , Allen Jill , Keane Florence , Parikh Aparna , Roeland Eric , Drapek Lorraine , Ryan David , Corcoran Ryan , Seventer Emily van , Fetter Isobel , Shahzade Heather , Khandekar Melin , Lanuti Michael , Morse Christopher , Heist Rebecca , Ulysse Christine , Christopher Benjamin , Baglini Christian , Yeap Beow , Mullen John , Hong Theodore 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We performed a NCI-sponsored, prospective study of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation (CRT) with carboplatin/paclitaxel followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal (GEA) cancer. The primary objective was to determine completion rate of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX x 8 followed by CRT. Secondary endpoints were toxicity and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Exploratory analysis was performed of ctDNA to treatment response. From Oct 2017 to June 2018, 25 patients were enrolled. All patients started FOLFIRINOX, 92% completed all 8 planned cycles, and 88% completed CRT. Twenty (80%) patients underwent surgical resection, and 7 had a pCR (35% in resected cohort, 28% ITT ). Tumor-specific mutations were identified in 21 (84%) patients, of whom 4 and 17 patients had undetectable and detectable ctDNA at baseline, respectively. Presence of detectable post-CRT ctDNA (p=0.004) and/or postoperative ctDNA (p=0.045) were associated with disease recurrence. Here we show neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by CRT for locally advanced GEA is feasible and yields a high rate of pCR. ctDNA appears to be a promising predictor of postoperative recurrence.
Integrated analysis of land-use, energy and water systems for ethanol production from sugarcane in Bolivia
Authors: Balderrama Jenny Gabriela Pena , Khatiwada Dilip , Gardumi Francesco , Alfstad Thomas , Jimenez Silvia Ulloa , Howells Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of biomass for renewable energy production is one alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of energy production worldwide. Sugarcane-based ethanol is one of the most widespread biofuels in the road transport sector and its development has been encouraged by strong incentives on production and use in several countries. The growing realization on the environmental impacts of ethanol production indicates the need to increase the efficient utilization of biomass resources by optimizing the production chain sustainably. This papers evaluates enhancements in the ethanol production chain quantitatively by identifying opportunities for agricultural intensification and for investments in advanced biorefineries in a least-cost optimization model. Results of our model show that significant cost and environemtal benefits can be achieved by modernizing sugarcane agriculture in Bolivia. Demands for ethanol and sugar can be met cost-effectively by increasing sugarcane yields from the current country-average of 55.34 ton/ha to 85.7 ton/ha in 2030 with a moderate cropland expansion of 14.4 thousand hectares in the period 2019-2030. Our results further suggest that it is cost-optimal to invest in current technological advancements in efficient cogeneration to maximize the renewable energy output and the economic benefits of sugarcane ethanol. Finally, biofuel support in the range of 8-10 US$/GJ is required for investments in second-generation ethanol to be cost-competitive in the medium-term.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-like Complex in Zostera Marina: Identification, Splicing, Editing and Profiles of Expression
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Zhong Mingyu , Zhang Quansheng , Zhao Wei , Wang Mengxin , Luo Chengying , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex, homologous to respiratory complex I, participates in photosystem I cyclic electron flow (PSI-CEF) and chlororespiration in photosynthesis. However, little information was available about the ndh genes in Zostera marina which is one of the most productive and wide-distributed seagrasses.Results: The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Z. marina has a complete NDH complex which is rarely observed in marine macrophytes. We identified all 31 ndh genes necessary for the functional NDH complex, with ndhB and pnsb3 occurring as duplication events. Secondary structural analyses of antiporter-like subunits showed that the long amphipathic helix of NdhF was lost in Z. marina, suggesting an alternative mode in the generation of trans-thylakoid proton gradient. The splicing pattern in ndh genes exhibited tissue-specific patterns but no response to photo-regulation. RNA editing in Z. marina presented the ancestral pattern with many of the primitive editing sites and types. The partial editing in ndhF reflected the link between light stress and RNA editing. Moreover, predominant expression in the leaves of most ndh genes implied their major function in photosynthesis. The dynamic profiles of expression in response to light stress suggested that there were two diverse responsive and regulatory mechanisms of the NDH complex in PSI-CEF and chlororespiration.Conclusions: In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the identification, splicing, editing and pattern of expression of the Z. marina NDH complex. Our study help elucidate the further evolutionary and functional exploration of the NDH complex.
FABRICATION OF AN ABUSE DETERRENT AND MICROEMULSION-BASED SUBLINGUAL FILM OF BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR BREAKTHROUGH PAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: MUNDHEY D. , SAPKAL N. , DAUD A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The present research work aims to develop an abuse deterrent rapidly dissolving buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual film for the treatment of breakthrough pain.
Methods: The Buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual films were prepared using Capmul MCM C8 (oil), tween 20 (surfactant) and propylene glycol (co-surfactant) with different grades of film-forming polymer (HPMC) using film casting machine. The films were evaluated for in vitro disintegration and dissolution study, tensile strength, folding endurance, content uniformity, surface pH, thickness and weight variation, % loading of buprenorphine microemulsion in sublingual film, scanning electron microscope, ex vivo permeation study, droplet size and polydispersity index, Zeta potential, % moisture content, stability and abuse deterrent potential were evaluated.
Results: The optimized film formulation showed desired mechanical properties with minimum disintegration time of 21s and exhibited 34.45 % loading of Buprenorphine microemulsion. Permeation studies through goat sublingual mucosa, indicated 87% Buprenorphine release, through Buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual film, whereas only 30% Buprenorphine release when it was directly added to film without microemulsion strategy.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that abuse deterrent and fast acting buprenorphine microemulsion-incorporated sublingual film of buprenorphine HCL and naloxone HCL is a promising alternative to mostly marketed buprenorphine injectable delivery systems and a non-invasive route of administration for breakthrough pain management.
HAIR TONIC FORMULATION OF CLOVE LEAVES (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) ETHANOL EXTRACT AND THE EFFECTIVENESS ON RABBIT HAIR GROWTH
Authors: ABADI HAFIZHATUL , WINATA HANAFIS SASTRA , PARHAN  , DIANA VIVI EULIS , CHAN ADEK , HARYANI RENY 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the physical stability and effectiveness of hair growth in hair tonic preparations containing ethanol extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) with a concentration variation of 5, 10, and 15%.
Methods: Formulations were evaluated, including organoleptic observation, pH checking, and preparation stability tests using the Climatic Chamber. The effectiveness of clove leaf extract as a hair tonic was tested by looking at hair growth in test animals.
Results: The results showed that the preparation was stable at high temperatures (40±2 °C) where the odor, color, clarity, and pH remained constant. Effectiveness test on rabbit hair growth showed significantly different results after measuring hair growth on the 21st day, where the results were 11.83+0.06 mm for positive control, 1.71+0.06 mm as blank, 1.69+0.06 mm for the group without treatment, and successively the results of the group given clove leaf extract 5, 10, and 15% were 4.00+0.06; 4.80+0.06; and 5.46+0.08 mm.
Conclusion: Hair tonics containing clove ethanol extract can increase rabbit hair growth.
CHEMOMETRIC ASSISTED QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF VITEXIN IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) STEENIS) LEAVES
Authors: SANTOSA OCTAVIANUS BUDI , GANI MICHAEL RAHARJA , YULIANI SRI HARTATI 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a UV spectroscopy method in combination with multivariate analysis for determining vitexin in binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves extract.
Methods: The partial least square (PLS) regression and the principal component regression (PCR) was performed in this study to evaluate several statistical performances such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and relative error of prediction (REP). Cross-validation in this study was performed using leave one out technique.
Results: The R2 values of calibration data sets resulted from PLS ​​and PCR method were 0.9675 and 0.9648, respectively. The low values of RMSEC and RMSECV both for PLS ​​and PCR method indicated the minimum error of the calibration models. The R2 values of validation data sets resulted from PLS ​​and PCR method were 0.9778 and 0.9820, respectively. The low values of RMSEP both for PLS ​​and PCR method indicated the minimum error of prediction generated from the calibration data sets. Multivariate calibration techniques were applied to determine the content of vitexin in binahong leaves extract. Predicted values from the multivariate calibration models were compared to the actual values determined from a validated HPLC method. It was found that PLS models resulted in the lowest REP values compared to the PCR models.
Conclusion: The chemometrics technique can be applied as an alternative method for determining vitexin levels in the ethanol solution of binahong leaves extract.