bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of Standardized EEG Reporting in an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Witzman Stephanie , Massey Shavonne L. , Kessler Sudha , Gonzalez-Giraldo Ernesto , Fridinger Sara E. , Worden Lila , Lewin Naomi , Dlugos Dennis , Melamed Susan , Fitzgerald Mark , Fung France W. , Ferruzi Marissa , McNamee Nicole , LaFalce Denise , Donnelly Maureen , Haywood Amber , Allen-Napoli Linda , Banwell Brenda , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: November 2019

Rationale:Implementation of electronic health records may improve the quality, accuracy, timeliness, and availability of documentation. Thus, our institution developed a system that integrated EEG ordering, scheduling, standardized reporting, and billing. Given the importance of user perceptions for successful implementation, we performed a quality improvement study to evaluate electroencephalographer satisfaction with the new EEG report system.Methods:We implemented an EEG report system that was integrated in an electronic health record. In this single-center quality improvement study, we surveyed electroencephalographers regarding overall acceptability, report standardization, workflow efficiency, documentation quality, and fellow education using a 0 to 5 scale (with 5 denoting best).Results:Eighteen electroencephalographers responded to the survey. The median score for recommending the overall system to a colleague was 5 (range 3–5), which indicated good overall satisfaction and acceptance of the system. The median scores for report standardization (4; 3–5) and workflow efficiency (4.5; 3–5) indicated that respondents perceived the system as useful and easy to use for documentation tasks. The median scores for quality of documentation (4.5; 1–5) and fellow education (4; 1–5) indicated that although most respondents believed the system provided good quality reports and helped with fellow education, a small number of respondents had substantially different views (ratings of 1).Conclusions:Overall electroencephalographer satisfaction with the new EEG report system was high, as were the scores for perceived usefulness (assessed as standardization, documentation quality, and education) and ease of use (assessed as workflow efficiency). Future study is needed to determine whether implementation yields useful data for clinical research and quality improvement studies or improves EEG report standardization.
Bias, incompleteness and the ‘known unknowns’ in the Holocene faunal record
Authors: Crees Jennifer J. , Collen Ben , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: November 2019

Long-term faunal data are needed to track biodiversity change and extinction over wide spatio-temporal scales. The Holocene record is a particularly rich and well-resolved resource for this purpose but nonetheless represents a biased subset of the original faunal composition, both at the site-level assemblage and when data are pooled for wider-scale analysis. We investigated patterns and potential sources of taxonomic, spatial and temporal bias in two Holocene datasets of mammalian occurrence and abundance, one at the global species level and one at the continental population-level. Larger-bodied species are disproportionately abundant in the Holocene fossil record, but this varies according to trophic level, probably owing to past patterns of human subsistence and exploitation. Despite the uneven spatial distribution of mammalian occurrence records, we found no specific source of sampling bias, suggesting that this error type can be avoided by intensive data collection protocols. Faunal assemblages are more abundant and precisely dated nearer to the present as a consequence of taphonomy, past human demography and dating methods. Our study represents one of the first attempts to quantify incompleteness and bias in the Holocene mammal record, and failing to critically assess the quality of long-term faunal datasets has major implications for understanding species decline and extinction risk.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’
Unshifting the baseline: a framework for documenting historical population changes and assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Rodrigues Ana S. L. , Monsarrat Sophie , Charpentier Anne , Brooks Thomas M. , Hoffmann Michael , Reeves Randall , Palomares Maria L. D. , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: November 2019

Ecological baselines—reference states of species' distributions and abundances—are key to the scientific arguments underpinning many conservation and management interventions, as well as to the public support to such interventions. Yet societal as well as scientific perceptions of these baselines are often based on ecosystems that have been deeply transformed by human actions. Despite increased awareness about the pervasiveness and implications of this shifting baseline syndrome, ongoing global assessments of the state of biodiversity do not take into account the long-term, cumulative, anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Here, we propose a new framework for documenting such impacts, by classifying populations according to the extent to which they deviate from a baseline in the absence of human actions. We apply this framework to the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) to illustrate how it can be used to assess populations with different geographies and timelines of known or suspected impacts. Through other examples, we discuss how the framework can be applied to populations for which there is a wide diversity of existing knowledge, by making the best use of the available ecological, historical and archaeological data. Combined across multiple populations, this framework provides a standard for assessing cumulative anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’
How predictable is extinction? Forecasting species survival at million-year timescales
Authors: Smits Peter , Finnegan Seth 
Published: November 2019

A tenet of conservation palaeobiology is that knowledge of past extinction patterns can help us to better predict future extinctions. Although the future is unobservable, we can test the strength of this proposition by asking how well models conditioned on past observations would have predicted subsequent extinction events at different points in the geological past. To answer this question, we analyse the well-sampled fossil record of Cenozoic planktonic microfossil taxa (Foramanifera, Radiolaria, diatoms and calcareous nanoplankton). We examine how extinction probability varies over time as a function of species age, time of observation, current geographical range, change in geographical range, climate state and change in climate state. Our models have a 70–80% probability of correctly forecasting the rank order of extinction risk for a random out-of-sample species pair, implying that determinants of extinction risk have varied only modestly through time. We find that models which include either historical covariates or account for variation in covariate effects over time yield equivalent forecasts, but a model including both is overfit and yields biased forecasts. An important caveat is that human impacts may substantially disrupt range-risk dynamics so that the future will be less predictable than it has been in the past.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’
A panel of synapse assembly genes as a biomarker for Gliomas
Authors: Ji Xiangwen , Zhang Hongwei , Cui Qinghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGliomas are the most common primary brain cancers. In recent years, IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gliomas. However, these biomarkers are only effective for a part of glioma patients and thus more biomarkers are still emergently needed. Recently, an electrochemical communication between normal neurons and glioma cells by neuro-glioma synapse has been reported. Moreover, it was discovered that breast-to-brain metastasis tumor cells have pseudo synapses with neurons and these synapses were indicated to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Based on the above observations, we first curated a panel of 66 SA genes and then proposed a metric, SA score, to quantify the synapseness for each sample of 12 glioma gene expression datasets from TCGA, CGGA, and GEO. Strikingly, SA score showed excellent predictive ability for the prognosis, diagnosis, and grading of gliomas. Moreover, being compared with the two established biomarkers, IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion, SA score was demonstrated independent and better predictive performance. In conclusion, this study revealed that SA genes contribute to glioma formation and development, and proposed a quantitative method, SA score, as an efficient biomarker for monitoring gliomas.
Reconfiguration of directed functional connectivity among triple networks with aging: Considering the role of thalamo-cortical interactions
Authors: Das Moumita , Singh Vanshika , Uddin Lucina , Banerjee Arpan , Roy Dipanjan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe human brain undergoes significant structural and functional changes across the lifespan. Our current understanding of the underlying causal relationships of dynamical changes in functional connectivity with age is limited. On average, functional connectivitywithinresting-state networks (RSNs) weakens in magnitude, while connectionsbetweenRSNs tend to increase with age. Recent studies show that effective connectivity within and between large scale resting-state functional networks changes over the healthy lifespan. The vast majority of previous studies have focused primarily on characterizing cortical networks, with little work exploring the influence of subcortical nodes such as the thalamus on large-scale network interactions across the lifespan. Using directed connectivity and weighted net causal outflow measures applied to resting-state fMRI data, we examine the age-related changes in both cortical and thalamocortical causal interactions within and between RSNs. The three core neurocognitive networks from the triple network theory (default mode: DMN, salience: SN, and central executive: CEN) were identified independently using ICA and spatial matching of hub regions with these important RSNs previously reported in the literature. Multivariate granger causal analysis (GCA) was performed to test for directional connectivity and weighted causal outflow between selected nodes of RSNs accounting for thalamo-cortical interactions. Firstly, we observe that within-network causal connections become progressively weaker with age, and network dynamics are substantially reconfigured via strong thalamic drive particularly in the young group. Our findings manifest stronger between-network directional connectivity, which is further strongly mediated by the SN in flexible co-ordination with the CEN, and DMN in the old group compared with the young group. Hence, causal within- and between- triple network connectivity largely reflects age-associated effects of resting-state functional connectivity. Thalamo-cortical causality effects on the triple networks with age were next explored. We discovered that left and right thalamus exhibit substantial interactions with the triple networks and play a crucial role in the reconfiguration of directed connections and within network causal outflow. The SN displayed directed functional connectivity in strongly driving both the CEN and DMN to a greater extent in the older group. Notably, these results were largely replicated on an independent dataset of matched young and old individuals. Our findings based on directed functional connectivity and weighted causal outflow measures strengthen the hypothesis that balancing within and between network connectivity is perhaps critical for the preservation and flexibility of cognitive functioning with aging.
Investigation of DPPC liposomes reveals their capability to entrap Aroclor 1260, an emerging environmental pollutant
Authors: Lozano Andrew , Rieth Monica D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of organic compounds that can accumulate in biological and ecological environments due to their resistive nature to chemical, thermal and photo degradation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of man-made POPs that saw wide-spread use in commercial and industrial infrastructure as both an insulator and coolant in electrical transformers and capacitors. 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) was one of the most widely produced PCBs. As these mechanical structures fail or are decommissioned, PCBs are released into the soil, migrate to the water table, and eventually spread to nearby ecosystems by rain and wind. The stability of POPs and specifically PCBs leave few options for environmental waste removal. Conventionally, liposomes have been used for their drug delivery capabilities, but here we have chosen to investigate their capability in removing this class of emerging environmental pollutants. Liposomes are small, nonpolar lipid bi-layered aggregates capable of capturing a wide variety of both polar and nonpolar compounds. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a well-characterized lipid that can be derived from natural sources. It is a phospholipid typically found as a major component of pulmonary surfactant mixtures. Liposomes were prepared using probe-tip sonication for both direct and passive incorporation of the HCBP compound. Assimilation was assessed using both differential scanning calorimetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. After direct incorporation of HCBP the phase transition temperature, Tm, decreased from 40.8 °C to 37.4 °C. A subsequent UV-Vis analysis of HCBP by both direct and passive incorporation showed an increase in HCBP incorporation proportionate to the length of exposure time up to 24 hours and relative to the initial quantity present during the direct incorporation. Together the decrease in Tm and increase in absorbance are indicative of HCBP incorporation and further demonstrate the potential for their use as a method of sustainable environmental cleanup.
Stability of neocortical synapses across sleep and wake
Authors: Cary Brian A. , Turrigiano Gina G. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSleep is important for brain plasticity, but its exact function remains mysterious. An influential but controversial idea is that a crucial function of sleep is to drive widespread downscaling of excitatory synaptic strengths. Here we used real-time sleep classification, ex vivo measurements of postsynaptic strength, and in vivo optogenetic monitoring of thalamocortical synaptic efficacy to ask whether sleep and wake states can constitutively drive changes in synaptic strength within the neocortex of juvenile rats. We found that miniature EPSC amplitudes onto L4 and L2/3 pyramidal neurons were stable across sleep and wake dense epochs in both primary visual (V1) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Further, chronic monitoring of thalamocortical synaptic efficacy in V1 of freely behaving animals revealed stable responses across even prolonged periods of natural sleep and wake. Together these data demonstrate that neocortical synaptic strengths are remarkably stable across sleep and wake states, and provide strong evidence against the view that sleep drives widespread synaptic downscaling at neocortical synapses.
Resistome diversity in bovine clinical mastitis microbiome, a signature concurrence
Authors: Hoque M. Nazmul , Istiaq Arif , Clement Rebecca A. , Gibson Keylie M. , Saha Otun , Islam Ovinu Kibria , Abir Ruhshan Ahmed , Sultana Munawar , Siddiki AMAM Zonaed , Crandall Keith A. , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bovine clinical mastitis (CM) milk is a large reservoir for diverse groups of resistomes, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of mastitis, but little is known about the concurrence of CM microbiome signature and its associated resistomes. Here we deciphered the total resistance (antibiotics and metals resistance, biofilm formation, quorum sensing) present in CM microbiome using whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) and in vitro cultural approaches. Significant correlation (p=0.001) was found between the resistome diversity and microbiome signature. We identified the strain-level microbiome diversity in four cattle breeds, with microbiome composition represented by the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria (contributing to >95.0% of total strains). However, the resistome diversity did not vary significantly (p=0.692) across the microbiomes of cattle breeds. The in vitro investigation showed that biofilm producing CM pathogens were resistant to most of the conventional antibiotics used for CM treatment, whereas these pathogens remained sensitive to five heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) at varying concentrations. We also found association of some genomic functional potentials such as bacterial flagellar movement and chemotaxis, regulation and cell signaling, phages-prophages, transposable elements, plasmids and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bovine CM. These findings of rapid and reliable identification of CM microbiomes and associated resistomes will help improve the optimization of therapeutic schemes involving antibiotics and metals usage in the prevention and control programs of bovine CM.
Up-scaling transport in porous polymer membranes using asymptotic homogenization
Authors: Matthies Jörn Henning , Hopp-Hirschler Manuel , Uebele Sarah , Schiestel Thomas , Osenberg Markus , Manke Ingo , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Efficient numerical assessment of performance is particularly important in digital material design of porous materials. This study aims to present an up-scaled approach to virtually investigate permeation of fluids through a real porous filter membrane with a heterogeneous micro-structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The method of asymptotic homogenization is applied. The structural parameters of the micro-structure are directly obtained from structural equation modeling image analysis of a commercial filter membrane without fitting procedures. The simulation results are compared to permeation experiments of gaseous nitrogen and liquid water.

Findings
The authors found that variations in the pressure gradients across the membrane, resulting from the heterogeneity of pore structure, need to be considered. Remarkable agreement between simulations and experiments is observed.

Originality/value
Despite some research in the field of filtration, no studies on filter membranes have been published yet, although they represent a large segment of filtration technology.
Fatigue life prediction for automobile stabilizer bar
Authors: Li Shuangshuang , Liu Xintian , Wang Xiaolan , Wang Yansong 
Published: November 2019

PurposeDuring the running of automobile, the stabilizer bar is frequently subjected to the impact of complex random loads, which is prone to fatigue failure and accident. In regard to this, the purpose of this paper is to study and discuss fatigue life of automobile stabilizer bar.Design/methodology/approachDurability bench test shows that failure is located at the joint of sleeve and stabilizer bar body. Based on the collection and compilation of micro-strain load spectrum of the stabilizer bar, the strain-life model is studied considering the influence of average stress and maximum stress at failure area. Seven-grade strain-life curves of the stabilizer bar are established. According to the principle of linear damage accumulation, the relationship between fatigue life and damage is discussed, then the fatigue life of stabilizer bar is predicted. Fatigue life evaluation is carried out from three aspects: reliability analysis, static analysis and fatigue life simulation.FindingsThe results show that the reliability of the test sample is 99.9 percent when the confidence is 90 percent and the durability is 1,073 load spectrum cycles; the ratios of predicted and simulated life to design life are 2.77 and 2.30, respectively.Originality/valueBased on the road load characteristics of automobile stabilizer bar, the method of fatigue life prediction and evaluation is discussed, which provides a basis for the design and development of automobile chassis components.
Shape optimization of single-pin reinforcement in metal-composite joints
Authors: Sarantinos Nikolaos , Kostopoulos Vassilis , Di Vita Gandolfo , Campoli Gianni 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Utilizing through-the-thickness pin reinforcement in metal-to-composite joints can significantly increase the joint mechanical properties, enabling the introduction to a whole new field of applications in joining technology. However, with the rise of advanced pin manufacturing techniques – such as additive layer manufacturing, little research has been performed on the pin shape optimization and its behavior. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a numerical shape optimization algorithm is used to produce optimized pin shapes for several initial pin dimension parameters, having as objective to achieve a more uniform stress distribution along the surface of the pin, enhancing the pin strength and joint integrity.

Findings
Results showed that pin shape is a crucial factor in the mechanical response of the pin. In Mode I, the presence of an undercut feature on the pin head can increase the ultimate load of the pin by +250 percent, while in Mode II, the base diameter is the dominant feature in the joint ultimate strength.

Originality/value
With these results, the paper aims to utilize commercial available numerical software to explore optimization capabilities in joints strength. These optimization capabilities show that it could be used for the enhancement of metal-to-composite joints response.
How avatars create identification and loyalty among online gamers
Authors: Teng Ching-I 
Published: November 2019

PurposeOnline games are popular electronic commerce platforms in which gamers use avatars to interact with others. Avatar identification (the extent to which gamers regard avatars as an extension of themselves) is known to be related to online gamer loyalty. However, few studies have examined how avatars could be designed to enhance avatar identification and online gamer loyalty, indicating a gap. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to contextualize self-affirmation theory into online gaming contexts, identified key theoretical elements and examined how they are related to avatar identification and online gamer loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThis study surveyed 1,348 massively multi-player online role-playing game players, and their responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe analytical results indicate that irreplaceability within a team and avatar customization are positively related to unique avatar image, while avatar customization is positively related to positive avatar image. Moreover, avatar physical attractiveness and avatar ability to achieve are positively related to positive avatar image. Both unique and positive images of an avatar (as perceived by the user) are positively related to avatar identification, and further to online gamer loyalty.Originality/valueThis study proposes new constructs: irreplaceability within a team, avatar ability to achieve, unique avatar image and positive avatar image. Such new constructs provide insights to aid electronic commerce managers in avatar design, thus instilling gamer identification with avatars, and thus loyalty.