bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development &amp; Validation of Knowledge regarding diet &amp; nutrition scale- Kuwaiti version
Authors: ALMughamis Nouf S , Alayoub Abdullah A. , Meraj Hafsa , Waqas Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aims to report the developmental processes and validation of Knowledge regarding diet & nutrition scale (Kuwaiti version).Results A total of 173 (response rate= 86.93%) participants responded to the survey. There was a total of 92 (53.2%) nutritionists and 81(46.8%) doctors/surgeons. The Kuwaiti Diet and Nutrition Scale was found to have an acceptable validity and reliability. The first subscale named “Factual knowledge about nutrition” comprised of nine items. It yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.78. The second subscale “knowledge about nutrition in morbidities” comprised of seven items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.71. The third subscale “counselling of patients” comprised of 11 items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.68. The fourth subscale comprising nine items yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.64 and was named, “Dietary programs and supplementation”.
Transcriptome analysis reveals normalization effect of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium on breast muscles of broilers under high stocking density
Authors: Wu Yuqin , Wang Youli , Yin Dafei , Mahmood Tahir , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background In recent years, increased attention has been focused on breast muscle yield and meat quality in poultry production. Supplementation with nicotinamide and butyrate sodium can improve the meat quality of broilers. However, the potential molecular mechanism is not clear yet. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with a combination of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium on breast muscle transcriptome of broilers under high stocking density. Methods A total of 300 21-d-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 3 groups based on stocking density: low stocking density control group (L; 14 birds/m 2 ), high stocking density control group (H; 18 birds/m 2 ), and high stocking density group provided with a combination of 50 mg/kg nicotinamide and 500 mg/kg butyrate sodium (COMB; 18 birds/m 2 ), raised to 42 days of age.Results The H group significantly increased cooking losses, pH decline and activity of lactate dehydrogenase in breast muscle while COMB showed a significant decrease in these indices ( P < 0.05). The transcriptome results showed that key genes involved in glycolysis, proteolysis and immune stress were up-regulated whereas those relating to muscle development, cell adhesion, cell matrix and collagen were down-regulated in the H group. In contrast, genes related to muscle development, hyaluronic acid, mitochondrial function, and redox pathways were up-regulated while those associated with inflammatory response, acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glycolysis pathway were down-regulated in the COMB group.Conclusions The combination of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium may improve muscle quality by enhancing mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity, inhibiting inflammatory response and glycolysis, and promoting muscle development and hyaluronic acid synthesis.
Systematic characterization of branch point binding protein, splicing factor 1, gene family in plant development and stress responses
Authors: Zhang Kai-Lu , Feng Zhen , Yang Jing-Fang , Yuan Tian , Zhang Di , Song Yu-Chen , Shen Cong-Cong , Hao Ge-Fei , Yang Guang-Fu , Fang Yan-Ming , Zhang Jianhua , Wu Caie , Chen Mo-Xian , Zhu Fuyuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Among eukaryotic organisms, the splicing of nuclear precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a process of introns excision and sequentially joining of exons, leading multi-exonic genes to generate multiple splicing isoforms at transcription level. This process is carried out by a super-protein complex defined as spliceosome. Specifically, splicing factor 1/branchpoint binding protein (SF1/BBP) is a single protein that can bind to the intronic branchpoint sequence (BPS), connecting 5’ and 3’ splice site binding complexes during early spliceosome assembly. The molecular function of this protein has been extensively investigated in yeast, metazoan and mammals. However, their counterparts in plants are seldomly reported.
Results: Here, we conducted a systematic characterization of SF1 gene family across plant lineage. In this work, a total of 92 sequences from 59 plant species were identified. Phylogenetic relationships of these sequences were constructed and subsequent bioinformatic analysis suggested that this family is likely originated from an ancient gene transposition duplication event. Most plant species were shown to maintain a single copy of this gene. Furthermore, an additional RNA binding motif (RRM) existed in most members of this gene family in comparison to their animal and yeast counterparts, indicating their potential role conserved in plant lineage.
Conclusion: Our comprehensive analysis presents general feature of gene and protein structure of this splicing factor family and will provide fundamental information for further functional studies in plants.
Power and medical knowledge: a qualitative study of attitudes regarding co-occurring depression and chronic diseases in Malawi
Authors: Akiba Christopher , Zimba Chifundo C , Thom Annie , Matewere Maureen , Go Vivian , Pence Brian , Gaynes Bradley Neil , Masiye Jones 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Globally, depression is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also increasing in LMICs, the conditions frequently co-occur and exacerbate NCD outcomes. Depression interventions alone are not effective at improving NCD outcomes resulting in wide-reaching calls for integrated services. Integrated services are in a nascent phase in LMICs in general and in Malawi in particular. This manuscript serves to clarify Malawian patients’ and providers’ attitudes towards depression integration into routine NCD services. Methods : Ten District Hospitals were selected for data collection. Thirty-nine participants were interviewed. An iterative approach to concept-driven coding was applied to facilitate the formation of similarities, differences, and connections between codes. Results : While patients infrequently described moderate depression as a medical condition, and held various attitudes regarding treatments, they agreed on the appropriateness of integrated services. Patients’ respect for their providers led them to support integration. Patients discussed how medical knowledge is highly regarded, revealing a power dynamic with their providers. Both patients and providers further acknowledged the power of a provider’s communication in shaping a patient’s feelings about depression. Conclusions : Training and interventions that facilitate providers abilities to effectively transfer their medical knowledge, use strategies to channel their power, and engage patients in a collaborative relationship will be key to successfully integrating depression treatment into Malawian NCD clinics and other integrative care settings in the region. Trial Registration : This work served as part of formative data collection for National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Trail NCT03711786 registered on 10 th October, 2018
Compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dhirar Nonita , Dudeja Sankalp , Duggal Mona , Gupta Parul Chawla , Jaiswal Nishant , Singh Meenu , Ram Jagat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Primary objective of this review was to measure compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors. Secondary objective was to understand the reasons for non-compliance.Methods The databases searched were Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pubmed. All studies up to March, 2018 were included. The search terms were- ((((((Compliance [Title/Abstract]) OR Adherence[Title/Abstract]) OR Compliant[Title/Abstract]) OR Adherent[Title/Abstract])) AND (((Spectacle[Title/Abstract]) OR Spectacles[Title/Abstract]) OR Eye Glasses[Title/Abstract])) AND ((((Child[Title/Abstract]) OR Children[Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescent[Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescents[Title/Abstract]). Two researchers independently searched the databases and initial screening obtained 33 articles. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting and writing the systematic review. Two reviewers assessed data quality independently using the Quality Assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Poor quality studies were those, which had a score of less than 33% on the QATSO tool. Sensitivity analysis was done to determine if poor quality studies effected compliance. Galbraith plot was used to investigate statistical heterogeneity amongst studies. A random effects model was used to pool compliance.Results Twenty-three studies were included in the review, of which 20 were included in the quantitative analysis. All the studies were cross sectional. The overall compliance with spectacle use was 40.14% (95% CI- 32.78-47.50). The compliance varied from 9.84% (95% CI=2.36-17.31) to 78.57% (95% CI=68.96-88.18). The compliance derived in sensitivity analysis was 40.09%. Reasons for non-compliance were broken/lost spectacles, forgetfulness, and parental disapproval.Conclusion Appropriate remedial measures such as health education and strengthening vision care services will be required to address poor compliance with spectacle use among children.
Efficacy of single high-molecular-weight versus triple low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid intra-articular injection among knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Ebrahimpour Adel , Bahrami Mohammad Hasan , Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad , Cheraghi Mohsen , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose To compare intra-articular (IA) knee injections of a cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) with a linear low-molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) in terms of pain and functional improvement among knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Methods In this single-blinded RCT, the patients were randomly divided into two groups for HA injections. The first group received an HMW-HA (Arthromac) injection, while the other received three weekly LMW-HA (Hyalgan) injections. Pain and function were assessed using the outcome measures including WOMAC, Lequesne and VAS indices, once prior to injection, as well as 2 and 6 months after injections.Results A total of 90 patients were included. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics including age and sex between the two groups. Our analysis showed that total WOMAC, Lequesne and VAS mean scores remarkably improved at both follow-up time-points compared to the baseline measurements (p<0.001). There was no significant superiority between the two therapeutic protocols according to our outcome measures at any time-point of follow-up. The only except was about the improvement in WOMAC stiffness subscale that was significantly higher in LMW-HA group compared to HMW-HA (p=0.021). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in minor complications and injection-induced pain scores between the two groups.Conclusion This study proved that a single HMW-HA injection is as effective as multiple injections of LMW-HA counterparts in periods of 2 and 6 months follow-up.
First record of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium species in the Himalayan Goral {Naemorhedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825)} from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Jagannath , Adhikari Roshan Babu , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Thapa Tej Bahadur , Ghimire Tirth Raj 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives: This study was carried out to detect the various gastrointestinal parasites in the fecal samples of the Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825) from a forest patch of Rumsi area, the Seti River basin, Tanahun district, Nepal. Results: A total of 17 fecal samples (89.47%) were positive for different parasites in which the prevalence of protozoa was 52.63%, and that of helminths was 73.68%. The positive rates of different parasites showed the following orders as Entamoeba spp. (52.63%), Spirocerca spp. (52.63%), Angiostrongylus (36.84%), Cryptosporidium (26.31%), Cyclospora (26.31%), Strongyle (26.31%), Eimeria (10.52%), Trichostrongylus (10.52%), Muellerius capillaris (10.52%), and Blastocystis (5.26%). Although all of the above parasites are firstly reported from the fecal samples of goral in Nepal, the presence of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium species suggests that these coccidia may directly affect the survival of the Himalayan goral. Further molecular evidences of causal association with Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis should be established in these animals.
"We are all here to learn": A qualitative study on private well stewardship within a rural, agricultural Latino community
Authors: VanDerGeest Kori , Ko Linda K. , Karr Catherine , Torres Elizabeth , Drury Dennise , Austin Elena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Nitrate contamination in groundwater disproportionately impacts agricultural Latino communities, creating a significant hazard for Latinos that rely on private wells. Private well users must conduct water testing and other well stewardship behaviors to ensure their well water is safe to drink. This study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators of private well water testing in rural, agricultural Latino communities. Methods: We conducted four focus groups with private well users, two in Spanish and two in English. We recruited 37 participants from the Lower Yakima Valley, Washington State, a rural, agricultural community with a large Latino population and elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to capture testing barriers and facilitators guided by the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation (RANAS) model. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted by two coders to identify common themes. Results: Themes emerged around barriers and facilitators to well stewardship behaviors, including well testing, treatment, and maintenance. Barriers included limited actionable information, economic limitations, lack of technical support, and challenges related to landlords and neighbors. Facilitators of well stewardship included concerns about well water contamination, knowledge of agricultural sources of contamination, do-it-yourself (DIY) home repair experience, and responsibility to protect family. Conclusions: Well stewardship programs in rural, agricultural Latino communities may want to prioritize communication that provides actionable information on well water testing, treatment, and maintenance and emphasizes the responsibility to protect family in its messaging. Additionally, programs that provide financial and technical assistance and well maintenance education that builds on DIY home repair experience may be effective in these communities.
Early warning score validation methodologies and performance metrics: A systematic review
Authors: Fang Hao Sen Andrew , Lim Wan Tin , Tharmmambal Balakrishnan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Early warning scores (EWS) have been developed as clinical prognostication tools to identify acutely deteriorating patients. With recent advancements in machine learning, there has been a proliferation of studies that describe the development and validation of novel EWS. Systematic reviews of published studies which focus on evaluating performance of both well-established and novel EWS have shown conflicting conclusions. A possible reason for this is the lack of consistency in the validation methods used. In this review, we aim to examine the methodologies and performance metrics used in studies which describe EWS validation.Methods A systematic review of all eligible studies in the MEDLINE database from inception to 22-Feb-2019 was performed. Studies were eligible if they performed validation on at least one EWS and reported associations between EWS scores and mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, or cardiac arrest (CA) of adults within the inpatient setting. Two reviewers independently did a full-text review and performed data abstraction by using standardized data-worksheet based on the TRIPOD (Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis) checklist. Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity.Results The key differences in validation methodologies identified were (1) validation population characteristics, (2) outcomes of interest, (3) case definition, intended time of use and aggregation methods, and (4) handling of missing values in the validation dataset. In terms of case definition, among the 34 eligible studies, 22 used the patient episode case definition while 10 used the observation set case definition, and 2 did the validation using both case definitions. Of those that used the patient episode case definition, 11 studies used a single point of time score to validate the EWS, most of which used the first recorded observation. There were also more than 10 different performance metrics reported among the studies.Conclusions Methodologies and performance metrics used in studies performing validation on EWS were not consistent hence making it difficult to interpret and compare EWS performance. Standardizing EWS validation methodology and reporting can potentially address this issue.
Neonatal hypothermia and its associated factors in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beletew Biruk Abate , Kasie Ayelign Mengesha , Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Reta Melese Abate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Neonatal hypothermia is a global health problem and a major contributing factor for neonatal morbidity, mortality, and for new-born survival, especially in low and middle-income countries. High prevalence of hypothermia has been reported from countries with the highest burden of neonatal mortality. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia and its associated factors in Eastern Africa. Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal hypothermia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Result: A total of 12 potential studies with 20,911 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in East Africa was found to be 57.22% (95%CI; 39.48–74.95).Delay in initiation of breastfeeding (AOR=2.83; 95%CI: 1.398-4.259; I 2 = 49.2%; P=0.097), having neonatal health problem (AOR=2.68; 95%CI: 1.21-4.15; I 2 = 0.0%; P=0.98), being low birth weight (AOR =2.16; 95%CI: 1.03-3.29; I 2 =3.3%; P=0.005), being preterm(AOR=4.01; 95%CI: 3.02-5.00; I 2 = 0.0%; P=0.457), and night time delivery (AOR=4.01; 95%CI:3.02-5.00; I 2 =0.0%; P=0.457) were identified associated factors which significantly increase the risk of neonatal hypothermia. Conclusions : The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Eastern Africa remains high. Delay in initiation of breastfeeding, having neonatal health problem, being low birth weight, preterm, and nighttime delivery were identified associated factors which significantly increase the risk of neonatal hypothermia. It is recommended that early initiation of breast feeding should be promoted and emphasis should be given towards low birth weight, preterm and neonates with neonatal problems to prevent burdens of hypothermia in East Africa.
Does potentially inappropriate prescribing predict an increased risk of admission to hospital and mortality? A longitudinal study of the ‘oldest old’.
Authors: Cardwell Karen , Kerse Ngaire , Hughes Carmel M. , Teh Ruth , Moyes Simon A. , Menzies Oliver , Rolleston Anna , Broad Joanna B. , Ryan Cristín 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is associated with negative health outcomes, including hospitalisation and mortality. Using data from Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ), we reported the prevalence of PIP in Māori, the indigenous population of New Zealand, and non-Māori octogenarians and determined the association with hospitalisations and mortality prospectively over a 2-year time period.Methods PIP, from pharmacist applied criteria, was reported as potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs). The association between PIP, and continuous PIP (i.e. PIP at baseline and 24-months) and hospitalisations and mortality was determined throughout a series of 12-month follow-ups using binary logistic (hospitalisations) and Cox (mortality) regression analysis, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs), respectively, and the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs).Results Data were included from 510 and 403 participants at 12-months and 24-months respectively. Māori participants were 83.2 (±2.6) and non-Māori were 85.5 (±0.5) years at 12-months. The mean number of medicines prescribed was 5.4 ±3.6 (Māori) and 5.3 ±3.3 (non-Māori) at 12-months and at 24-months was 5.7 ±3.5 (Māori) and 5.6 ±3.3 (non-Māori). Total prevalence of ≥1 PIM was 36.7% and 38.0%, of ≥1 PPO was 61.4% and 62.5%, and of any PIP (i.e. ≥1 PIM and/or PPO) was 72.2% and 73.0% at 12-months and 24-months, respectively. At 24-months, the overall prevalence of ≥1 continuous PIM, ≥1 continuous PPO and ≥1 continuous PIM and/or PPO was 18.7%, 37.9% and 51.8%, respectively. In Māori: PIMs were associated with a four-fold increase in hospitalisations; PPOs were associated with a two to three-fold increase in hospitalisations; continuous PIMs were associated with a four-fold increase in hospitalisations. In non-Māori: PIMs were associated with a double risk of hospitalisations; continuous PIMs were associated with a double risk of mortality.Conclusions PIP was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality in this cohort. Omissions appear more important for Māori in predicting hospitalisations, whereas PIMs were associated with hospitalisations and mortality for non-Māori. These results suggest understanding prescribing outcomes across and between population groups is needed and emphasises prescribing quality assessment is useful.
Continuous hydrogen and methane production from the treatment of herbal medicines wastewater in the two-phase ‘UASBH-ICM’ system
Authors: Sun Caiyu , Liu Fang , Song Zhiwei , Li Lixin , Pan Yu , Sheng Tao , Ren Guangmeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A two-phase anaerobic system comprised of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor for hydrogen production and internal circulation reactor (IC) for methane production was proposed and investigated at laboratory scale and mesophilic temperature (35 °C). Hydrogen was efficiently produced from the UASB with the highest production rate of 3.00 ± 0.04 L · L−1reactor · d−1 at optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h and in the IC, methane was also produced from residual organic matter and soluble metabolite products (SMP) with a production rate of 2.54 ± 0.04 L · L−1reactor · d−1 at optimum HRT of 15 h. Finally, system HRT of 21 h was determined to be the optimum HRT at which energy conversion efficiency increased from 9.6 ± 0.1% (hydrogen only production) to 72.4 ± 2.5% (hydrogen and methane coproduction) and system chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached up to the high level of 90.1 ± 2.1%.