bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo validation of spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass microspheres acting as prolonged local release systems for BMP-2 to induce bone regeneration
Authors: Berkmann Julia C. , Herrera Martin Aaron X. , Pontremoli Carlotta , Zheng Kai , Bucher Christian H. , Ellinghaus Agnes , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Fiorilli Sonia , Vitale-Brovarone Chiara , Duda Georg N. , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite years of diligent research in fracture healing, an unmet clinical need for safe and effective pharmacological treatments to improve bone regeneration persists with 10 – 20 % of fracture cases exhibiting impaired healing. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a known key mediator of physiological bone regeneration and is clinically approved for selected musculoskeletal interventions. Yet, broad usage of this growth factor is impeded due to side effects that are majorly evoked by high dosages and burst release kinetics.In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass microspheres (MBGs) produced by an aerosol assisted spray-drying, scalable process were found to be biocompatible and to induce a pro-osteogenic response on human MSCs in vitro. Loading of the MBGs with BMP-2 resulted in prolonged, low-dose BMP-2 release without affecting the material features. In a pre-clinical rodent model, BMP-2 loaded MBGs significantly enhanced bone formation and influenced the microarchitecture of newly formed bone. The MBG carriers alone performed equal to the untreated (empty) control in most parameters tested, while additionally exerting mild pro-angiogenic effects.Using MBGs as a biocompatible, pro-regenerative carrier for local and sustained low dose BMP-2 release could limit side effects, thus enabling a safer usage of BMP-2 as a potent pro-osteogenic growth factor.
Mouse higher visual areas provide both distributed and discrete contributions to visually guided behaviors
Authors: Jin Miaomiao , Glickfeld Lindsey L. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCortical parallel processing streams segregate many diverse features of a sensory scene. However, some features are distributed across streams, begging the question of whether and how such distributed representations contribute to perception. We determined the necessity of primary visual cortex (V1) and three key higher visual areas (LM, AL and PM) for perception of orientation and contrast, two features that are robustly encoded across all four areas. Suppressing V1, LM or AL decreased sensitivity for both orientation discrimination and contrast detection, consistent with a role for these areas in sensory perception. In comparison, suppressing PM selectively increased false alarm rates during contrast detection, without any effect on orientation discrimination. This effect was not retinotopically-specific, suggesting a distinct role for PM in the regulation of noise during decision-making. Thus, we find that distributed representations in the visual system can nonetheless support specialized perceptual roles for higher visual cortical areas.
Time-resolved, single-molecule, correlated chemical probing of RNA
Authors: Ehrhardt Jeffrey E. , Weeks Kevin M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMethods for capturing the folding dynamics of functionally important RNAs, especially large RNAs, have relied primarily on global measurements of structure or on per-nucleotide chemical probing. These approaches infer, but do not directly measure, through-space tertiary interactions. Here we introduce trimethyloxonium (TMO) as a chemical probe for RNA. TMO enables time-resolved, single-molecule, through-space structure probing of RNA folding using a correlated chemical probing framework. TMO methylates RNA about 90 times faster than the widely used dimethyl sulfate probe, allowing structure interrogation on the second time scale. We used TMO to monitor folding of the RNase P RNA – a functional RNA with extensive long-range and noncanonical interactions – by direct measurement of through-space tertiary interactions in a time-resolved way. Time-dependent correlation changes directly revealed the central role of a long-range tertiary loop-loop interaction that guides native RNA folding. Single-molecule, time-resolved RNA structure probing with TMO is poised to reveal a wide range of dynamic RNA folding processes and principles of RNA folding.
Comparative analyses of SAR-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations and other coronavirus family genomes reveals unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction and pathogenesis
Authors: Sardar Rahila , Satish Deepshikha , Birla Shweta , Gupta Dinesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). We have performed an integrated sequence-based analysis of SARS-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations in order to identify its unique features absent in SARS-CoV and other related coronavirus family genomes, conferring unique infection, facilitation of transmission, virulence and immunogenic features to the virus. The phylogeny of the genomes yields some interesting results. Systematic gene level mutational analysis of the genomes has enabled us to identify several unique features of the SARS-CoV2 genome, which includes a unique mutation in the spike surface glycoprotein (A930V (24351C>T)) in the Indian SARS-CoV2, absent in other strains studied here. We have also predicted the impact of the mutations in the spike glycoprotein function and stability, using computational approach. To gain further insights into host responses to viral infection, we predict that antiviral host-miRNAs may be controlling the viral pathogenesis. Our analysis reveals nine host miRNAs which can potentially target SARS-CoV2 genes. Interestingly, the nine miRNAs do not have targets in SARS and MERS genomes. Also, hsa-miR-27b is the only unique miRNA which has a target gene in the Indian SARS-CoV2 genome. We also predicted immune epitopes in the genomes
The single flagellum ofLeishmaniahas a fixed polarisation of its asymmetric beat
Authors: Wang Ziyin , Beneke Tom , Gluenz Eva , Wheeler Richard John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEukaryotic flagella undergo different beat types necessary for their function. The single flagellum onLeishmaniaparasites, for example, undergoes a symmetric tip-to-base beat for forward swimming and an asymmetric base-to-tip beat to rotate the cell. Asymmetric beats are most commonly associated with multi-ciliated tissues or organisms where the asymmetry has a constant polarisation. We asked whether this also holds for the singleLeishmaniaflagellum. To do so, we used high frame rate dual colour fluorescence microscopy to visualise intracellular and intraflagellar structure in live swimming cells. This showed that the asymmetricLeishmaniabeat has a fixed polarisation. As inChlamydomonas, this asymmetry arose from an asymmetric static curvature combined with a symmetric dynamic curvature. Some axoneme protein deletion mutants give flagella which retain static curvature, but lack dynamic curvature. We saw that these retain a fixed polarisation. Similarly, deletion mutants which disrupt vital asymmetric extra-axonemal and rootlet-like flagellum-associated structures also retain a fixed polarisation. This indicated that beat asymmetry does not originate from rootlet-like and extra-axonemal structures and is likely intrinsic to either the nine-fold rotational symmetry of the axoneme structure or due to differences between the outer doublet decorations.
Alternative Conformations and Motions Adopted by 30S Ribosomal Subunits Visualized by Cryo-Electron Microscopy
Authors: Jahagirdar Dushyant , Jha Vikash , Basu Kaustuv , Gomez-Blanco Josue , Vargas Javier , Ortega Joaquin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIt is only after recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy that is now possible to describe at high resolution structures of large macromolecules that do not crystalize. Purified 30S subunits interconvert between the “active” and “inactive” conformations. The active conformation was described by crystallography in the early 2000s, but the structure of the inactive form at high resolution remains unsolved. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to obtain the structure of the inactive conformation of the 30S subunit to 3.6Å resolution and study its motions. In the inactive conformation, three nucleotides at the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA cause the region of helix 44 forming the decoding center to adopt an unlatched conformation and the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA positions similarly to the mRNA during translation. Incubation of inactive 30S subunits at 42 °C reverts these structural changes. The position adopted by helix 44 dictates the most prominent motions of the 30S subunit. We found that extended exposures to low magnesium concentrations induces unfolding of large rRNA structural domains. The air-water interface to which ribosome subuints are exposed during sample preparation also peel off some ribosomal proteins. Overall this study provides new insights about the conformational space explored by the 30S ribosomal subunit when the ribosomal particles are free in solution.
A molecular mechanism for LINC complex branching by structurally diverse SUN-KASH 6:6 assemblies
Authors: Gurusaran Manickam , Davies Owen R. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe LINC complex mechanically couples cytoskeletal and nuclear components across the nuclear envelope to fulfil a myriad of cellular functions, including nuclear shape and positioning, hearing and meiotic chromosome movements. The canonical model of the LINC complex is of individual linear nucleocytoskeletal linkages provided by 3:3 interactions between SUN and KASH proteins. Here, we provide crystallographic and biophysical evidence that SUN-KASH is a constitutive 6:6 complex in which two SUN trimers interact back-to-back. A common SUN-KASH topology is achieved through structurally diverse 6:6 interaction mechanisms by distinct KASH proteins, including zinc-coordination by Nesprin-4. The SUN-KASH 6:6 complex is incompatible with the current model of a linear LINC complex and instead suggests the formation of a branched LINC complex network. In this model, SUN-KASH 6:6 complexes act as nodes for force distribution and integration between adjacent SUN and KASH molecules, enabling the coordinated transduction of large forces across the nuclear envelope.
Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Anomalies 2017
Authors: Mimura Hidefumi , Akita Sadanori , Fujino Akihiro , Jinnin Masatoshi , Ozaki Mine , Osuga Keigo , Nakaoka Hiroki , Morii Eiichi , Kuramochi Akira , Aoki Yoko , Arai Yasunori , Aramaki Noriko , Inoue Masanori , Iwashina Yuki , Iwanaka Tadashi , Ueno Shigeru , Umezawa Akihiro , Ozeki Michio , Ochi Junko , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Kurita Masakazu , Seike Shien , Takakura Nobuyuki , Takahashi Masataka , Tachibana Takao , Chuman Kumiko , Nagata Shuji , Narushima Mitsunaga , Niimi Yasunari , Nosaka Shunsuke , Nozaki Taiki , Hashimoto Kazuki , Hayashi Ayato , Hirakawa Satoshi , Fujikawa Atsuko , Hori Yumiko , Matsuoka Kentaro , Mori Hideki , Yamamoto Yuki , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Rikihisa Naoaki , Watanabe Shoji , Watanabe Shinichi , Kuroda Tatsuo , Sugawara Shunsuke , Ishikawa Kosuke , Sasaki Satoru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective was to prepare guidelines to perform the current optimum treatment by organizing effective and efficient treatments of hemangiomas and vascular malformations, confirming the safety and systematizing treatment, employing evidence‐based medicine techniques and aimed at improvement of the outcomes. Clinical questions (CQ) were decided based on the important clinical issues. For document retrieval, key words for published work searches were set for each CQ, and work published from 1980 to the end of September 2014 was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina databases. The strengths of evidence and recommendations acquired by systematic reviews were determined following the Medical Information Network Distribution System technique. A total of 33 CQ were used to compile recommendations and the subjects included efficacy of resection, sclerotherapy/embolization, drug therapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy and other conservative treatment, differences in appropriate treatment due to the location of lesions and among symptoms, appropriate timing of treatment and tests, and pathological diagnosis deciding the diagnosis. Thus, the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Anomalies 2017 have been prepared as the evidence‐based guidelines for the management of vascular anomalies.
Comparison of the effects of adding microbial transglutaminase to milk and ice cream mixture on the properties of ice cream
Authors: Al Merve , Ersöz Fatma , Özaktaş Tuğba , Türkanoğlu‐Özçelik Aysun , Küçükçetin Ahmet 
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effect of recombinant microbial transglutaminase enzyme on the physicochemical properties of ice cream produced by two different methods was investigated. For this purpose, different enzyme units (2, 4 and 6 U/g milk protein) were applied to both ice cream mixture and milk. While with the first method, a 10% increase in the overrun value of ice cream samples was observed, a 7% increase was obtained by the second method. All ice cream samples exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour. This study indicated that transglutaminase concentration is an important factor in terms of improving the physicochemical properties of ice cream.
Similarities and spatial variations of bacterial and fungal communities in field rice planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) populations
Authors: Bing Xiao‐Li , Zhao Dian‐Shu , Peng Chang‐Wu , Huang Hai‐Jian , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRice planthoppers are notorious plant sap‐feeding pests which cause serious damage. While several microbes in rice planthoppers have been broadly characterized, the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in field planthoppers are largely unknown. This study investigated the bacterial and fungal community compositions of Chinese wild rice planthoppers Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera using parallel 16S rRNA gene amplicon and internal transcribed space region sequencing. The bacteria varied significantly between the species and were partitioned significantly by sex, tissues and host environments in each species. The majority of bacteria were affiliated with the genera Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Pantoea. The abundance of Wolbachia was negatively correlated with that of Cardinium in both planthopper species. Compared with bacteria, the abundance and diversity of fungi did not differ between sexes but both were enriched in the gut. The bacterial community as a whole showed no significant correlation with the fungal community. The majority of fungi were related to Sarocladium, Alternaria, Malassezia, Aspergillus and Curvularia. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these fungi were closely related to botanic symbionts or pathogens. Our results provide novel insights into the bacteria and fungi of rice planthoppers.
Exceptional colloidal stability of acidified whey protein beverages stabilized by soybean soluble polysaccharide
Authors: Zamani Hediyeh , Zamani Somayeh , Zhang Zhong , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein‐rich beverages have gained significant attention in recent years. It is a challenge to produce whey protein beverages with high stability, good transparency, and a smooth mouthfeel. The polysaccharide (PS)–protein complex might help the food industry overcome these obstacles. In this study, soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) and high methoxylated pectin (HMP, a traditional PS) are used, at different ratios to the protein, to improve the colloidal stability of the acidified whey protein solution. Both heated and unheated complexes were studied. SSPS–whey protein complexes have shown exceptional stabilities in all ratios while HMP–whey protein complexes revealed coacervation after 72 hr of storage. The prepared complexes exhibited comparable sizes and ζ‐potentials. The SSPS–whey protein complexes were less turbid than HMP–whey protein complexes at similar PS to protein ratios. Results also show that greater repulsive interactions occurred in SSPS–whey protein complexes when compared to HMP–whey protein complexes, as examined by free thiol content and intrinsic fluorescence intensity measurements.Practical ApplicationIt is a challenge to produce whey protein isolate (WPI) beverages with high stability, good transparency, and smooth mouthfeel. The polysaccharide (PS)–protein complex might help the food industry overcome these obstacles. We have demonstrated that soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), at [SSPS]:[acWPI] ratios of 1:2 to 1:30, can significantly improve the colloidal stability of the acidified whey protein beverages. This SSPS–whey protein system could be used as a stable beverage base for a variety of beverages.
Modeling buffer capacity and pH in acid and acidified foods
Authors: Price Robert E. , Longtin Madyson , Conley‐Payton Summer , Osborne Jason A. , Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. , Bitzer Donald , Breidt Fred 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStandard ionic equilibria equations may be used for calculating pH of weak acid and base solutions. These calculations are difficult or impossible to solve analytically for foods that include many unknown buffering components, making pH prediction in these systems impractical. We combined buffer capacity (BC) models with a pH prediction algorithm to allow pH prediction in complex food matrices from BC data. Numerical models were developed using Matlab software to estimate the pH and buffering components for mixtures of weak acid and base solutions. The pH model was validated with laboratory solutions of acetic or citric acids with ammonia, in combinations with varying salts using Latin hypercube designs. Linear regressions of observed versus predicted pH values based on the concentration and pK values of the solution components resulted in estimated slopes between 0.96 and 1.01 with and without added salts. BC models were generated from titration curves for 0.6 M acetic acid or 12.4 mM citric acid resulting in acid concentration and pK estimates. Predicted pH values from these estimates were within 0.11 pH units of the measured pH. Acetic acid concentration measurements based on the model were within 6% accuracy compared to high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements for concentrations less than 400 mM, although they were underestimated above that. The models may have application for use in determining the BC of food ingredients with unknown buffering components. Predicting pH changes for food ingredients using these models may be useful for regulatory purposes with acid or acidified foods and for product development.Practical ApplicationBuffer capacity models may benefit regulatory agencies and manufacturers of acid and acidified foods to determine pH stability (below pH 4.6) and how low‐acid food ingredients may affect the safety of these foods. Predicting pH for solutions with known or unknown buffering components was based on titration data and models that use only monoprotic weak acids and bases. These models may be useful for product development and food safety by estimating pH and buffering capacity.
Chromosome‐level analysis of the Crassostrea hongkongensis genome reveals extensive duplication of immune‐related genes in bivalves
Authors: Peng Jinxia , Li Qiongzhen , Xu Lian , Wei Pinyuan , He Pingping , Zhang Xingzhi , Zhang Li , Guan Junliang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Lin Yong , Gui Jianfang , Chen Xiaohan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrassostrea hongkongensis is a popular and important native oyster species that is cultured mainly along the coast of the South China Sea. However, the absence of a reference genome has restricted genetic studies and the development of molecular breeding schemes for this species. Here, we combined PacBio and 10 × Genomics technologies to create a C. hongkongensis genome assembly, which has a size of 610 Mb, and is close to that estimated by flow cytometry (~650 Mb). Contig and scaffold N50 are 2.57 and 4.99 Mb, respectively, and BUSCO analysis indicates that 95.8% of metazoan conserved genes are completely represented. Using a high‐density linkage map of its closest related species, C. gigas, a total of 521 Mb (85.4%) was anchored to 10 haploid chromosomes. Comparative genomic analyses with other molluscs reveal that several immune‐ or stress response‐related genes extensively expanded in bivalves by tandem duplication, including C1q, Toll‐like receptors and Hsp70, which are associated with their adaptation to filter‐feeding and sessile lifestyles in shallow sea and/or deep‐sea ecosystems. Through transcriptome sequencing, potential genes and pathways related to sex determination and gonad development were identified. The genome and transcriptome of C. hongkongensis provide valuable resources for future molecular studies, genetic improvement and genome‐assisted breeding of oysters.
Surgical outcomes of segmental bronchial sleeve resection in central non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Qu Rirong , Ping Wei , Hao Zhipeng , Cai Yixin , Zhang Ni , Fu Xiangning 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present the clinical and surgical results in patients who underwent segmental bronchial sleeve reconstruction.MethodsThe clinical and pathological data of 16 patients with central non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent segmental bronchial sleeve resection from April 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAccording to the type of segmental bronchial reconstruction, procedures were divided into four types: right upper S6 sleeve lobectomy in three cases (type A); left lower lingular sleeve lobectomy in 10 cases (type B); left upper S6 sleeve lobectomy in two cases (type C); and left lower propriolateral superior sleeve lobectomy in one case (type D). A total of three patients (18.75%) experienced anastomotic complications, including two with anastomotic stenosis and one with anastomotic fistula. All patients achieved R0 resection. Apart from one patient who died of acute lung infection after surgery, the rest were successfully discharged. The average follow‐up time was 28 months, and the overall survival rates of patients at one, two, and three years were 80.0%, 53.3%, and 40.0%, respectively.ConclusionsSegmental bronchial sleeve resection is complex in technique and may have an increased risk of complications compared to a standard sleeve resection, but it is an effective and safe procedure, especially for selected patients with central lung cancer.