bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caleta el Cobre 022 Martian meteorite: Increasing nakhlite diversity
Authors: Krämer Ruggiu L. , Gattacceca J. , Devouard B. , Udry A. , Debaille V. , Rochette P. , Lorand J.‐P. , Bonal L. , Beck P. , Sautter V. , Busemann H. , Meier M. M. M. , Maden C. , Hublet G. , Martinez R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCaleta el Cobre (CeC) 022 is a Martian meteorite of the nakhlite group, showing an unbrecciated cumulate texture, composed mainly of clinopyroxene and olivine. Augite shows irregular core zoning, euhedral rims, and thin overgrowths enriched in Fe relative to the core. Low‐Ca pyroxene is found adjacent to olivine. Phenocrysts of Fe‐Ti oxides are titanomagnetite with exsolutions of ilmenite/ulvöspinel. Intercumulus material consists of both coarse plagioclase and fine‐grained mesostasis, comprising K‐feldspars, pyroxene, apatite, ilmenite, Fe‐Ti oxides, and silica. CeC 022 shows a high proportion of Martian aqueous alteration products (iddingsite) in olivine (45.1 vol% of olivine) and mesostasis. This meteorite is the youngest nakhlite with a distinct Sm/Nd crystallization age of 1.215 ± 0.067 Ga. Its ejection age of 11.8 ± 1.8 Ma is similar to other nakhlites. CeC 022 reveals contrasted cooling rates with similarities with faster cooled nakhlites, such as Northwest Africa (NWA) 817, NWA 5790, or Miller Range 03346 nakhlites: augite irregular cores, Fe‐rich overgrowths, fine‐grained K‐feldspars, quenched oxides, and high rare earth element content. CeC 022 also shares similarities with slower cooled nakhlites, including Nakhla and NWA 10153: pyroxene modal abundance, pyroxenes crystal size distribution, average pyroxene size, phenocryst mineral compositions, unzoned olivine, and abundant coarse plagioclase. Moreover, CeC 022 is the most magnetic nakhlite and represents an analog source lithology for the strong magnetization of the Martian crust. With its particular features, CeC 022 must originate from a previously unsampled sill or flow in the same volcanic system as the other nakhlites, increasing Martian sample diversity and our knowledge of nakhlites.
The effect of colonic tissue electrical stimulation and celiac branch of the abdominal vagus nerve neuromodulation on colonic motility in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Larauche Muriel , Wang Yushan , Wang Po‐Min , Dubrovsky Genia , Lo Yi‐Kai , Hsiang En‐Lin , Dunn James C. Y. , Taché Yvette , Liu Wentai , Million Mulugeta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on optimal electrical stimulation (ES) modalities and region‐specific functional effects of colonic neuromodulation is lacking. We aimed to map the regional colonic motility in response to ES of (a) the colonic tissue and (b) celiac branch of the abdominal vagus nerve (CBVN) in an anesthetized porcine model.MethodsIn male Yucatan pigs, direct ES (10 Hz, 2 ms, 15 mA) of proximal (pC), transverse (tC), or distal (dC) colon was done using planar flexible multi‐electrode array panels and CBVN ES (2 Hz, 0.3‐4 ms, 5 mA) using pulse train (PT), continuous (10 min), or square‐wave (SW) modalities, with or without afferent nerve block (200 Hz, 0.1 ms, 2 mA). The regional luminal manometric changes were quantified as area under the curve of contractions (AUC) and luminal pressure maps generated. Contractions frequency power spectral analysis was performed. Contraction propagation was assessed using video animation of motility changes.Key ResultsDirect colon ES caused visible local circular (pC, tC) or longitudinal (dC) muscle contractions and increased luminal pressure AUC in pC, tC, and dC (143.0 ± 40.7%, 135.8 ± 59.7%, and 142.0 ± 62%, respectively). The colon displayed prominent phasic pressure frequencies ranging from 1 to 12 cpm. Direct pC and tC ES increased the dominant contraction frequency band (1‐6 cpm) power locally. Pulse train CBVN ES (2 Hz, 4 ms, 5 mA) triggered pancolonic contractions, reduced by concurrent afferent block. Colon contractions propagated both orally and aborally in short distances.Conclusion and InferencesIn anesthetized pigs, the dominant contraction frequency band is 1‐6 cpm. Direct colonic ES causes primarily local contractions. The CBVN ES‐induced pancolonic contractions involve central neural network.
Leaf reflectance spectra capture the evolutionary history of seed plants
Authors: Meireles José Eduardo , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Townsend Philip A. , Ustin Susan , Gamon John A. , Schweiger Anna K. , Schaepman Michael E. , Asner Gregory P. , Martin Roberta E. , Singh Aditya , Schrodt Franziska , Chlus Adam , O'Meara Brian C. 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Leaf reflectance spectra have been increasingly used to assess plant diversity. However, we do not yet understand how spectra vary across the tree of life or how the evolution of leaf traits affects the differentiation of spectra among species and lineages.

Here we describe a framework that integrates spectra with phylogenies and apply it to a global dataset of over 16 000 leaf‐level spectra (400–2400 nm) for 544 seed plant species. We test for phylogenetic signal in spectra, evaluate their ability to classify lineages, and characterize their evolutionary dynamics.

We show that phylogenetic signal is present in leaf spectra but that the spectral regions most strongly associated with the phylogeny vary among lineages. Despite among‐lineage heterogeneity, broad plant groups, orders, and families can be identified from reflectance spectra. Evolutionary models also reveal that different spectral regions evolve at different rates and under different constraint levels, mirroring the evolution of their underlying traits.

Leaf spectra capture the phylogenetic history of seed plants and the evolutionary dynamics of leaf chemistry and structure. Consequently, spectra have the potential to provide breakthrough assessments of leaf evolution and plant phylogenetic diversity at global scales.
Getting to the roots of aeroponic indoor farming
Authors: Eldridge Bethany M. , Manzoni Lillian R. , Graham Calum A. , Rodgers Billy , Farmer Jack R. , Dodd Antony N. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryVertical farming is a type of indoor agriculture where plants are cultivated in stacked systems. It forms a rapidly growing sector with new emerging technologies. Indoor farms often use soil‐free techniques such as hydroponics and aeroponics. Aeroponics involves the application to roots of a nutrient aerosol, which can lead to greater plant productivity than hydroponic cultivation. Aeroponics is thought to resolve a variety of plant physiological constraints that occur within hydroponic systems. We synthesize existing studies of the physiology and development of crops cultivated under aeroponic conditions and identify key knowledge gaps. We identify future research areas to accelerate the sustainable intensification of vertical farming using aeroponic systems.
Hyaluronan and halogen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness and lung injury
Authors: Lazrak Ahmed , Song Weifeng , Zhou Ting , Aggarwal Saurabh , Jilling Tamas , Garantziotis Stavros , Matalon Sadis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChlorine (Cl2) and bromine (Br2) are produced in large quantities throughout the world and used in the industry and the sanitation of water. These halogens can pose a significant threat to public health when released into the atmosphere during transportation and industrial accidents, or as acts of terrorism. In this review, we discuss the evidence showing that the activity of Cl2 and Br2, and of products formed by their interaction with biomolecules, fragment high‐molecular‐weight hyaluronan (HMW‐HA), a key component of the interstitial space and present in epithelial cells, to form proinflammatory, low‐molecular‐weight hyaluronan fragments that increase intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and activate RAS homolog family member A (RhoA) in airway smooth muscle and epithelial and microvascular cells. These changes result in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine and increase epithelial and microvascular permeability. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ is the result of the activation of the calcium‐sensing receptor by Cl2, Br2, and their by‐products. Posthalogen administration of a commercially available form of HMW‐HA to mice and to airway cells in vitro reverses the increase of Ca2+ and the activation of RhoA, and restores AHR to near‐normal levels of airway function. These data have established the potential of HMW‐HA to be a countermeasure against Cl2 and Br2 toxicity.
Erzählerzeit
Authors: Waszak Tomasz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDer Aufsatz gilt einem narratologischen Terminus, der sowohl in der Erzähltheorie als auch in der analytischen Praxis selten erscheint und nicht einheitlich definiert wird. Die Mehrdeutigkeit lässt sich durch zweifaches Anwendungsfeld erklären: Einerseits bezieht sich der Terminus auf die Ordnung, andererseits auf die Dauer des Erzählens. Das spärliche Vorkommen resultiert dagegen aus der häufigen Ersetzbarkeit des Terminus durch eine der verwandten Kategorien: die Erzählzeit bzw. die erzählte Zeit. Nur in Fällen, wo die Erzählerzeit mit ihnen eine ternäre Opposition zu bilden vermag, ist der Terminusgebrauch berechtigt, was am Beispiel einer Kurzgeschichte von Marie Luise Kaschnitz demonstriert wird.
Circadian variation and seasonal distribution of implantable defibrillator detected new onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Younis Arwa , Goldenberg Ilan , McNitt Scott , Kutyifa Valentina , Polonsky Bronislava , Goldenberg Ido , Zareba Wojciech , Aktas Mehmet K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to characterize the hourly, daily, and seasonally variations in the detection of new atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure patients implanted with a defibrillator.MethodsIn 1309 patients enrolled in MADIT‐RIT without AF at baseline, atrial arrhythmia data were analyzed from device interrogations. The circadian, weekly, and seasonal distribution of device detected AF was evaluated. The morning period was defined as 06:00‐11:59, afternoon as 12:00‐16:59, evening as 17:00‐22:59, and the nighttime as 23:00‐05:59.ResultsDuring 17 months of follow‐up, 66 (5%) patients developed new device‐detected AF. AF patients were less likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy and were more likely to have received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator rather than a cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator. The highest number of AF occurred during the evening hours (25 patients [38%]) followed by a second peak in AF detection during the afternoon hours (21 patients [32%]). Importantly during the nighttime, new AF occurred only in three patients (4%). In comparison with the nighttime period, the odds ratio (OR) of developing AF during the evening time period was 8.5‐fold higher (95% CI 7.3‐9.7, P < .01). Detection of AF during the spring and winter seasons accounted for 67% of all new device‐detected AF.ConclusionsThere is diurnal and seasonal variation in new onset AF. A double peak in the incidence of AF is observed during the afternoon and evening hours, and during the spring and winter seasons. This information may be useful when deciding when to screen at‐risk patients for new AF.
A Risk Analysis Framework for Prioritizing and Managing Biosecurity Threats
Authors: Montibeller Gilberto , Franco L. Alberto , Carreras Ashley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increasing need to manage biosecurity threats, such as diseases, zoonoses, and biological weapons, poses serious challenges for risk analysts and policymakers. These threats are large in number, can occur concurrently, and may cause multiple tangible and intangible impacts. They often have an emerging nature, exacerbated by incomplete evidence about their probability of occurrence and potential impacts. There is also a limited amount of time and resources available to evaluate the risks posed by each threat, and it is difficult to learn from past projects. On the other hand, there is also a need to provide policymakers with transparent and consistent threat prioritizations, together with evidence‐based recommendations. In response to these challenges, we propose a risk analysis framework for the prioritization and management of biosecurity threats. The framework encompasses key design choices that analysts may use in risk analysis projects along three dimensions: risk support, risk group, and risk organization. The framework has prescriptive value, as a design tool to inform risk analysis projects in this context, along with descriptive value, as a learning tool to understand past projects. We applied the framework prescriptively in two biosecurity threat prioritization projects for the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and illustrate its descriptive value by reporting our experience of these projects as in‐depth case studies. Overall, the proposed framework provides important insights into the impact of different design choices on the success of risk analysis projects for biosecurity threat prioritizations.
Erroneous introduction of femoral venous catheter into a broad ligament varicose vein causing hemoperitoneum in a woman with postpartum thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Shemies Rasha S. , Taman Mohamed A. , Elrefaey Rabab M. , Hammad Mohammed A. , Eldieb Ahmed M. , Sayed‐Ahmed Nagy A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFemoral venous catheterization is a common procedure in critical care patients. Pregnant women and those in the postpartum period are at risk of various complications such as shock, acute kidney injury, and thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes requiring hemodialysis and plasma exchange, which may necessitate central venous catheterization. Femoral vein catheters may also sometimes be needed. These women may have underlying pelvic congestion and varicosities. Here we present a 24‐year‐old female patient, who has been treated for postpartum thrombotic microangiopathy with initial clinical improvements, became hemodynamically unstable with diffuse abdominal tenderness and a significant drop in the hemoglobin/hematocrit. Her abdominal ultrasound showed fluid in the peritoneal cavity with hemorrhagic diagnostic tap. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy which unexpectedly revealed an erroneously introduced femoral vein catheter into a broad ligament varicose vein causing hemoperitoneum and evident ovarian injury. Puncturing of broad ligament varicosities causing hemoperitoneum in peripartum women has not been previously reported as a complication of femoral vein catheterization. This indicates that femoral catheterization in pregnant and peripartum women should be cautiously done and that development of acute abdominal issues, following insertion of femoral vein catheter should raise clinical suspicion and warrant evaluation of catheter misplacement.
Dermal thickness and echogenicity using DermaScan C high frequency ultrasound: Methodology and reliability testing in people with and without primary lymphoedema
Authors: Phillips Jane , Reynolds Karen J. , Gordon Susan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermaScan C high frequency ultrasound was investigated for image capture and analysis of dermal measures in people with and without primary lymphoedema.MethodThree repeated images were taken at six sites in people without lymphoedema (NLO). Intra‐rater reliability was assessed by taking three sets of measures on images from 10 people and inter‐session reliability by capturing three images, lifting the probe from the skin in between. Methods were adjusted, and repeated images from four sites were taken in people with primary lymphoedema (PLO) and reliability re‐assessed.ResultsIntra‐rater reliability in NLO and PLO for echogenicity measures were excellent (NLO ICC(3,1): .989; PLO .997) across all sites and specific to each site (calf: ICC(3,1): .989; and foot: ICC(3,1): .999, respectively). Inter‐session reliability was moderate for NLO (ICC(3,1): .727), improving after method modifications for PLO (ICC(3,1): .916). When investigated by site, inter‐session reliability was good in the foot (ICC(3,1): .811) and moderate in the calf (ICC(3,1): .616). Mean thickness analysed by site resulted in good inter‐session reliability only in the foot (ICC(3,1) .838).ConclusionIntra‐rater reliability was excellent using the DermaScan C for dermal measures in people with primary lymphoedema. Inter‐session reliability required particular attention to method and gain settings.
COVID‐19 infection in solid organ transplant recipients: A single‐center experience with patients immediately after transplantation
Authors: Kolonko Aureliusz , Dudzicz Sylwia , Wiecek Andrzej , Król Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn our transplant center, infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was confirmed in 4 organ transplant recipients (3 kidney and 1 liver transplant recipients) during their early post‐transplant hospital stay. In this paper, we report the basic characteristics, management, clinical course, and outcomes of these patients.
Extended TAQing system for large‐scale plant genome reorganization
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Muramoto Nobuhiko , Sugimoto Hiroki , Oda Arisa H. , Ohta Kunihiro 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYWe previously developed a large‐scale genome restructuring technology called the TAQing system. It can induce genomic rearrangements by introducing transient and conditional formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) via heat activation of a restriction enzyme TaqI, which can cleave DNA at 5′‐TCGA‐3′ sequences in the genome at higher temperatures (37–42°C). Such heat treatment sometimes confers lethal damage in certain plant species and TaqI cannot induce rearrangements in AT‐rich regions. To overcome such problems we developed an extended TAQing (Ex‐TAQing) system, which enables the use of a wider range of restriction enzymes active at standard plant‐growing temperatures. We established the Ex‐TAQing system using MseI that can efficiently cleave DNA at room temperature (at temperatures ranging from 22 to 25°C) and the 5′‐TTAA‐3′ sequence which is highly abundant in the Arabidopsis genome. A synthetic intron‐spanningMseI gene, which was placed downstream of a heat‐shock‐inducible promoter, was conditionally expressed upon milder heat treatment (33°C) to generate DSBs in Arabidopsis chromosomes. Genome resequencing revealed various types of genomic rearrangements, including copy number variations, translocation and direct end‐joining at MseI cleavage sites. The Ex‐TAQing system could induce large‐scale rearrangements in diploids more frequently (17.4%,n = 23) than the standard TAQing system. The application of this system to tetraploids generated several strains with chromosomal rearrangements associated with beneficial phenotypes, such as high salinity stress tolerance and hypersensitivity to abscisic acid. We have developed the Ex‐TAQing system, allowing more diverse patterns of genomic rearrangements, by employing various types of endonucleases and have opened a way to expand the capacity for artificial genome reorganization.
Extraordinarily conserved chromosomal synteny ofCitrusspecies revealed by chromosome‐specific painting
Authors: He Li , Zhao Hainan , He Jian , Yang Zujun , Guan Bin , Chen Keling , Hong Qibin , Wang Jianhui , Liu Jianjun , Jiang Jiming 
Published: June 2020

SummaryReliable identification of individual chromosomes in eukaryotic species is the foundation for comparative chromosome synteny and evolutionary studies. Unfortunately, chromosome identification has been a major challenge for plants with small chromosomes, such as theCitrusspecies. We developed oligonucleotide‐based chromosome painting probes for all nine chromosomes inCitrus maxima(Pummelo). We were able to identify allC. maximachromosomes in the same metaphase cells using multiple rounds of sequential fluorescencein situhybridization with the painting probes. We conducted comparative chromosome painting analysis in six differentCitrusand related species. We found that each painting probe hybridized to only a single chromosome in all other five species, suggesting that the six species have maintained a complete chromosomal synteny after more than 9 million years of divergence. No interchromosomal rearrangement was identified in any species. These results support the hypothesis that karyotypes of woody species are more stable than herbaceous plants because woody plants need a longer period to fix chromosome structural variants in natural populations.
Retrospective evaluation of the influence of azotemia on plasma lactate concentrations in hypotensive dogs and cats (2008‐2018): 337 cases
Authors: Wolf Jacob M. , Stefanovski Darko , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between azotemia and plasma lactate concentration in hypotensive dogs and cats presented to an emergency department.DesignRetrospective case‐control study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsThe electronic medical record database was searched for dogs and cats presented to the emergency department that had severe azotemia (creatinine ≥ 443.1 μmol/L [5 mg/dL]), hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mm Hg), and a plasma lactate measurement within 2 h of each another. Non‐azotemic, normotensive dogs and cats; non‐azotemic, hypotensive dogs and cats; and azotemic, normotensive dogs and cats that presented to the emergency department were used as control populations.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsSeverely azotemic, hypotensive dogs (n = 10) and cats (n = 63) had a lower plasma lactate than non‐azotemic, hypotensive dogs and cats (P = 0.031 andP < 0.001, respectively). Median plasma lactate concentrations in hypotensive dogs (1.75 mmol/L) and cats (1.90 mmol/L) with severe azotemia were within reference intervals.ConclusionsHypotensive dogs and cats with severe azotemia have decreased plasma lactate concentrations as compared to hypotensive, non‐azotemic dogs and cats. The median plasma lactate in azotemic, hypotensive dogs and cats was within reference intervals. This may be due to either decreased cellular production of lactate or increased excretion of lactate. Further research is needed to determine which of these mechanisms is responsible and the clinical significance of plasma lactate concentrations in azotemic, hypotensive dogs and cats.
Splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in dogs is frequently detected on multiphase multidetector‐row CT as hypervascular nodules
Authors: Cordella Alessia , Caldin Marco , Bertolini Giovanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the formation and development of blood cells outside the bone marrow, and in dogs it frequently occurs in the spleen. Although splenic EMH is a relatively common condition, data regarding its appearance in veterinary medicine are lacking. Our aim was to describe different multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) features of splenic EMH in dogs. In this descriptive retrospective study, dogs with cytological diagnosis of splenic EMH and three‐phase MDCT study of the abdomen were included. Multi‐detector CT findings recorded were splenomegaly, appearance of the parenchyma, and mean attenuation of the spleen and lesions. Out of 89 dogs included, 55 (62%) presented multifocal nodular aspect, 14 (16%) mass, 12 (13%) diffuse heterogeneous parenchyma, and eight (9%) normal spleen. Most lesions were hyperattenuating to the parenchyma in the arterial (57/89, 64%) and portal (59/89, 66%) phases; whereas in the interstitial phase only 40 of 89 (45%) were hyperattenuating. The mean attenuations of the lesions were higher compared to the values of the adjacent spleen, and the difference of the mean attenuation between the hyperattenuating lesions and the parenchyma was significantly higher in arterial and portal phases than in interstitial phase (P < .0001). The most frequent MDCT aspect of splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis consists of multiple nodules hyperattenuating to the normal spleen, best visualized in the arterial and portal phases.