bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fruquintinib for metastatic colorectal cancer third-line treatment in China
Authors: Peng Zhi , Hou Xingduo , Huang Yangmu , Xie Tong , Hua Xinyang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib as third-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, especially after a recent price drop suggested by the National Healthcare Security Administration. Methods: A Markov model was developed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib compared to placebo among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The Chinese healthcare payer’s perspective was considered with a lifetime horizon, including direct medical cost (2019 US dollars [USD]). A willing‐to‐pay threshold was set at USD 27,130/QALY, which is three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We examined the robustness of the model in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results: Fruquintinib was associated with better health outcomes than placebo (0.640 vs 0.478 QALYs) with a higher cost (USD 20750.9 vs USD 12042.2), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 53508.7 per QALY. This ICER is 25% lower than the one calculated before the price drop (USD 70952.6 per QALY).Conclusion: After the price negotiation, the drug becomes cheaper and the ICER is lower, but the drug is still not cost effective under the standard of 3 times GDP willing‐to‐pay threshold. For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, fruquintinib is not a cost-effective option under the current circumstances in China.
Utilization of iron sludge resulted from electro-coagulation in heterogeneous photo-Fenton process
Authors: Samy Mahmoud , Alalm Mohamed Gar , Mossad Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The iron sludge generated from an electrocoagulation process was employed for the degradation of phenol through photo-Fenton process instead of iron salts. The morphology, functional groups and chemical composition of the iron sludge were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of iron dose, H2O2 concentration, reaction time and initial concentration of phenol on photo-Fenton process performance were studied. The degradation efficiency of phenol reached 100% in the case of light compared to 68.6% in the case of dark reaction at pH of 3, iron dose of 150 mg/L and H2O2 concentration of 1.5 g/L. The degradation efficiencies of phenol were 100%, 71.3 and 51% at initial phenol concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. The expected cost for the treatment of one cubic meter of the contaminated wastewater was estimated to be 0.6224 $/m3.
A study on the phytoplankton community structure in the Diaohe River section of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in winter
Authors: Xu Yi , Liang Jiankui , Lin Junqiang , Lei Xiaohui , Ding Gongbo , Yuan Ruifang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As the first span and aqueduct of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Diaohe Aqueduct has brought good engineering and social benefits since its completion. In order to understand the present water quality of the Diaohe River section of the route, four samplings were conducted at Diaohe Aqueduct in the winter of 2018. The main results of this study are as follows: 62 species (or variants) of phytoplankton belonging to 32 genera, 22 families and six phyla were identified during the study period, among which Bacillariophyta are the most dominant species. The identified phytoplankton fall into eight indicator grades: os; ps, αm; ps, αm, βm; αm; αm, βm; αm, βm, os; βm; and βm, os. A total of 17 functional groups are detected, among which TB is the absolute dominant functional group. Based on the composition characteristics of phytoplankton, the water quality trophic state of Diaohe Aqueduct is mesotrophic. However, other physical indexes show that the water quality of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is good. The conclusions drawn using phytoplankton alone as the evaluation index may not be comprehensive. In future research, how to build a comprehensive index system combining other water quality indexes for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project needs yet to be improved and tested.
Simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution by double functional groups modified bagasse
Authors: Zhou Ru-yi , Yu Jun-xia , Chi Ru-an 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Double functional groups modified bagasse (DFMBs), a series of new zwitterionic groups of carboxyl and amine modified adsorbents, were prepared through grafting tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) onto the pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified bagasse using the DCC/DMAP method. DFMBs' ability to simultaneously remove basic magenta (BM, cationic dye) and Congo red (CR, anionic dye) from aqueous solution in single and binary dye systems was investigated. FTIR spectra and Zeta potential analysis results showed that PMDA and TEPA were successfully grafted onto the surface of bagasse, and the ratio of the amount of carboxyl groups and amine groups was controlled by the addition of a dosage of TEPA. Adsorption results showed that adsorption capacities of DFMBs for BM decreased while that for CR increased with the increase of the amount of TEPA in both single and binary dye systems, and BM or CR was absorbed on the modified biosorbents was mainly through electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond. The adsorption for BM and CR could reach equilibrium within 300 min, both processes were fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The cationic and anionic dyes removal experiment in the binary system showed that DMFBs could be chosen as adsorbents to treat wastewater containing different ratios of cationic and anionic dyes.
European Portuguese Version of the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ): Transcultural Adaptation and Validation Study
Authors: Domingos Célia , Costa Patrício Soares , Santos Nadine Correia , Pêgo José Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Background
Wearable activity trackers have the potential to encourage users to adopt healthier lifestyles by tracking daily health information. However, usability is a critical factor in technology adoption. Older adults may be more resistant to accepting novel technologies. Understanding the difficulties that older adults face when using activity trackers may be useful for implementing strategies to promote their use.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to conduct a transcultural adaptation of the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ) into European Portuguese and validate the adapted questionnaire. Additionally, we aimed to provide information about older adults’ satisfaction regarding the use of an activity tracker (Xiaomi Mi Band 2).

Methods
The USEQ was translated following internationally accepted guidelines. The psychometric evaluation of the final version of the translated USEQ was assessed based on structural validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was examined using divergent and discriminant validity analysis, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach α and McDonald ω coefficients.

Results
A total of 110 older adults completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the conceptual unidimensionality of the USEQ (χ24=7.313, P=.12, comparative fit index=0.973, Tucker-Lewis index=0.931, goodness of fit index=0.977, root mean square error of approximation=0.087, standardized root mean square residual=0.038). The internal consistency showed acceptable reliability (Cronbach α=.677, McDonald ω=0.722). Overall, 90% of the participants reported excellent satisfaction with the Xiaomi Mi Band 2.

Conclusions
The findings support the use of this translated USEQ as a valid and reliable tool for measuring user satisfaction with wearable activity trackers in older adults, with psychometric properties consistent with the original version.
Examining an App-Based Mental Health Self-Care Program, IntelliCare for College Students: Single-Arm Pilot Study
Authors: Lattie Emily , Cohen Katherine A , Winquist Nathan , Mohr David C 
Published: October 2020

Background
In recent years, there has been an increase in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses in college student populations alongside a steady rise in the demand for counseling services. Digital mental health programs, such as those delivered through mobile apps, can add to the array of available services but must be tested for usability and acceptability before implementation.

Objective
This study aims to examine how students used IntelliCare for College Students over an 8-week period to examine the preliminary associations between app use and psychosocial targets and to gather user feedback about usability issues that need to be remedied before a larger implementation study.

Methods
IntelliCare for College Students is an app-based platform that provides symptom assessments with personalized feedback, information about campus resources, lessons on mental health and wellness topics, and access to the suite of interactive skill–focused IntelliCare apps. A total of 20 students were recruited to participate in an 8-week study. To test for a broad range of potential users, we recruited a mixed sample of students with elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety and students without elevated symptoms. Participants completed psychosocial questionnaires at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Participants also completed user feedback interviews at weeks 4 and 8 in which they provided feedback on their experience using the app and suggestions for changes they would like to be made to the app.

Results
Of the 20 students who downloaded the app, 19 completed the study, indicating a high rate of retention. Over the study period, participants completed an average of 5.85 (SD 2.1; range 1-8) symptom assessments. Significant improvements were observed in the Anxiety Literacy Questionnaire scores (Z=−2.006; P=.045) and in the frequency with which participants used both cognitive (Z=−2.091; P=.04) and behavioral (Z=−2.249; P=.03) coping skills. In the feedback interviews, we identified a high degree of usability with minor bugs in the app software, which were quickly fixed. Furthermore, in feedback interviews, we identified that users found the app to be convenient and appreciated the ability to use the program in short bursts of time.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that the IntelliCare for College Students program was perceived as largely usable and engaging. Although the program demonstrated usability and preliminary benefits to students, further testing is needed to determine its clinical utility among college students.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04035577; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04035577
COVID-19 Outcome Prediction and Monitoring Solution for Military Hospitals in South Korea: Development and Evaluation of an Application
Authors: Heo JoonNyung , Park Ji Ae , Han Deokjae , Kim Hyung-Jun , Ahn Daeun , Ha Beomman , Seog Woong , Park Yu Rang 
Published: October 2020

Background
COVID-19 has officially been declared as a pandemic, and the spread of the virus is placing sustained demands on public health systems. There are speculations that the COVID-19 mortality differences between regions are due to the disparities in the availability of medical resources. Therefore, the selection of patients for diagnosis and treatment is essential in this situation. Military personnel are especially at risk for infectious diseases; thus, patient selection with an evidence-based prognostic model is critical for them.

Objective
This study aims to assess the usability of a novel platform used in the military hospitals in Korea to gather data and deploy patient selection solutions for COVID-19.

Methods
The platform’s structure was developed to provide users with prediction results and to use the data to enhance the prediction models. Two applications were developed: a patient’s application and a physician’s application. The primary outcome was requiring an oxygen supplement. The outcome prediction model was developed with patients from four centers. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed. The outcome of the model for the patient’s application was the length of time from the date of hospitalization to the date of the first oxygen supplement use. The demographic characteristics, past history, patient symptoms, social history, and body temperature were considered as risk factors. A usability study with the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) was conducted on the physician’s application on 50 physicians.

Results
The patient’s application and physician’s application were deployed on the web for wider availability. A total of 246 patients from four centers were used to develop the outcome prediction model. A small percentage (n=18, 7.32%) of the patients needed professional care. The variables included in the developed prediction model were age; body temperature; predisease physical status; history of cardiovascular disease; hypertension; visit to a region with an outbreak; and symptoms of chills, feverishness, dyspnea, and lethargy. The overall C statistic was 0.963 (95% CI 0.936-0.99), and the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.976 at day 3 to 0.979 at day 9. The usability of the physician’s application was good, with an overall average of the responses to the PSSUQ being 2.2 (SD 1.1).

Conclusions
The platform introduced in this study enables evidence-based patient selection in an effortless and timely manner, which is critical in the military. With a well-designed user experience and an accurate prediction model, this platform may help save lives and contain the spread of the novel virus, COVID-19.
Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: De Boni Raquel Brandini , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Mota Jurema Correa , Cardoso Taiane De Azevedo , Ballester Pedro , Atienza-Carbonell Beatriz , Bastos Francisco I , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: October 2020

Background
Essential workers have been shown to present a higher prevalence of positive screenings for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from countries with socioeconomic inequalities may be at increased risk for mental health disorders.

Objective
We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential workers in Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A web survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in both countries. The main outcome was a positive screening for depression only, anxiety only, or both. Lifestyle was measured using a lifestyle multidimensional scale adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation–Confinement). A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and the presence of both conditions.

Results
From the 22,786 individuals included in the web survey, 3745 self-reported to be essential workers. Overall, 8.3% (n=311), 11.6% (n=434), and 27.4% (n=1027) presented positive screenings for depression, anxiety, and both, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.00, 95% CI 2.72-5.87), anxiety (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8.30, 95% CI 5.90-11.7). Living in Brazil was associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 2.07-4.06), anxiety (AOR 2.81, 95%CI 2.11-3.74), and both conditions (AOR 5.99, 95% CI 4.53-7.91).

Conclusions
Interventions addressing lifestyle may be useful in dealing with symptoms of common mental disorders during the strain imposed among essential workers by the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential workers who live in middle-income countries with higher rates of inequality may face additional challenges. Ensuring equitable treatment and support may be an important challenge ahead, considering the possible syndemic effect of the social determinants of health.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BACTERICIDAL POTENCY OF JUSTICIA ADHATODA AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS
Authors: M SELVARANI , V JEYASIMGA 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance has made an important public health issue in the modern world. Nowadays, many research efforts have been directed toward the development of drugs from medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms. Hence, the present attempt has been made to evaluate the bactericidal potency of traditional medicinal plant, Justicia adhatoda against selected clinical pathogens.
Methods: Leaf extracts of J. adhatoda were subjected to standard phytochemical analyses by qualitative color tests to confirm the presence of active Phytoconstituents. Bactericidal potency of the leaf extracts of J. adhatoda was assessed by growth inhibition zone against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity of the tested bacterial strains was also checked with standard reference antibiotic vancomycin.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones, saponins, resins, glycosides, and phenols. Fourier-transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of phytochemicals belong to various functional groups such as alkenes, alkanes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and phenols. Results on bactericidal efficacy demonstrated that solvents used in the present experiment showed higher activity in the order ethanol >ethyl acetate >chloroform >diethyl ether >methanol >acetone >water. Leaf extracts of J. adhatoda showed the higher activity for different clinical pathogens in the order of P. aeruginosa >B. cereus >E. coli >K. pneumoniae >S. aureus. Among the tested bacterial pathogens, B. cereus exhibited maximum susceptibility (18.33±0.94 mm) toward ethyl acetate extract. The maximum activity index (2.67±0.42) and fold area increase (6.31±2.24) were also observed against B. cereus for ethyl acetate extract.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that J. adhatoda has broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and a potential source of antibacterial agents that could be useful for the control of infectious diseases.
IN VITRO AND IN SILICO APPROACHES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA METHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT
Authors: M THAMIZHPRIYA , A AVILA JERLEY , T SHALINI GNANAM , M JEYAKANI , S INDU , M RAJALAKSHMI 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic stem fraction of Tinospora cordifolia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by in vitro and in silico approaches.
Methods: In agar disc diffusion method, the inhibitory zone produced by various concentrations of the fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition pattern. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were calculated by broth dilution method. The total DNA present in the fraction treated bacterial cultures was estimated and compared with control DNA. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of the gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified compounds were generated using ChemSketch tool. The docking studies were performed for analyzing the receptor and ligand interactions.
Results: The higher zone revealed the maximum inhibition of the growth of bacteria that were ranged from 2 mm to 6 mm for E. coli and 1.5 mm to 6.3±0.29 mm for S. aureus. MIC values showed that 30 μg/ml of the fraction was found as the effective dose. The DNA content isolated from the treated culture of both the strains was comparatively lesser than that of the untreated control culture. The GC–MS data analysis depicted the presence 15 major components in the fraction and the sharp peaks were obtained at time intervals 17.50, 20.27, 30.06, etc.
Conclusion: Thus, methanolic stem fraction of T. cordifolia possesses promising therapeutic activity against the urinary tract infection pathogens such as E. coli and S. aureus and a further exploration in the isolation and characterization such as plant-derived phytoconstituents would open up new ventures in the field of antibacterial drug discovery.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASELINE CD4 T CELLS’ LEVEL AND RECOVERY RATE AFTER INITIATION OF ART IN HIV/AIDS INFECTED AT HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES, VIETNAM
Authors: PHU TAO GIA , HONG NHUNG HUYNH THI 
Published: October 2020

Objective: HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the correlation of recovery responses and baseline CD4 T cells’ level in HIV/AIDS adult patients after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Vietnam.
Methods: The study was a clinic-based longitudinal study done at an outpatient clinic, Tropical Diseases Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 10/2018 to 8/2019.
Results: Ninety-three patients were provided informed consent to participate in this study. Overall, the mean of CD4 T cell counts was 161.7 cells/μl. In AIDS patients groups, at the baseline mean of T CD4 cell was 65 cells/μl and in the non-AIDS group was 315 cells/μl. The slope of the plotted overall CD4 cell counts increased significantly in both two groups and the steepest increases in the first 3 months. After 6 months, patients who were AIDS stages were had a higher viral load in plasma than others, with p<0.005. The changes in CD4 T cell counts were significantly associated with age and occupational status.
Conclusion: The present study found that immunological responses of patients with first-line ART were not related to baseline CD4 T cells’ level. However, low baseline CD4 counts were associated with poor virologic suppression.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF EXTRACTS AS AN AUXILIARY IN NATURAL HAIR SHAMPOO
Authors: TINRAT SIRIKHWAN , SINGHAPOL CHATCHAWAN 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the phytochemical compounds, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf extract and used it as an auxiliary herbal constituent in natural hair shampoo.
Methods: VA leaf was macerated in various solvents. All crude extracts were phytochemical compounds screened and determined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities before formulating a natural shampoo formula. Natural shampoos were evaluated with physic-chemical properties and sensory satisfaction.
Results: About 95% ethanolic extract was the most suitable substrate for product development. It reveals the inhibition zone from 7.00±0.00 to 15.00±1.00 mm and possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations value ranged from 6.250 to 100 mg/ml and 25 to >200 mg/ml, respectively. About 95% ethanolic extract also revealed high antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of DPPH of 95% ethanolic extract was 1.88±0.02 μg/ml (% inhibition of 85.73±0.01) and the ferric reducing ability power was 23.00±0.50 mg AAE/100 gDW. These high biological activities may be due to a broad range of phytochemical compounds, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids.
Conclusions: The VA leaf was suitable to use as an ingredient in natural shampoos with a low detrimental effect on normal skin flora. The shampoo with 0.00188% of 95% ethanolic extract was the most suitable formula in terms of characteristics and stability. This formula also obtained the highest satisfaction level under our sensory evaluation.