bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Networks‐Based Approach for Nonstationary Hydroclimatic Modeling and its Demonstration With Streamflow Prediction
Authors: Dutta Riya , Maity Rajib 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLack of stationarity in most of the hydroclimatic variables is no longer a topic of debate rather a reality. It may be hypothesized that alternative methodologies are needed to deal with such nonstationarity and to improve the skill of hydroclimatic modeling/prediction. We propose the concept oftemporal networksin hydroclimatic modeling as a potential solution to this problem. As a typical case, complex association among different hydroclimatic variables and streamflow is considered as an illustrative problem. Evolution of temporal networks over time, obtained through Graphical Modeling (GM), depicts the changes in the model inputs as well as model parameters over time. The proposed concept indicates that the time interval after which the model needs to be updated/recalibrated, referred to as Optimum Recurrence Interval (ORI), is problem specific and is optimized to achieve the best model performance. The proposed concept not only depicts a notable change in the potential predictors for the high and low flow months, but also establishes the different extent of temporal variability for different months, and hence the ORI of model recalibration. As compared to its time‐invariant counterpart, the temporal networks‐based approach shows higher efficacy in capturing the extreme flow events due to its inherent time‐varying characteristics. We recommend the concept of temporal networks to be promising in the context of climate change to capture the time‐varying association. In general, the concept can be applied to other hydroclimatic variables where a time‐varying association is expected due to various reasons including the impacts of climate change.
Enhancing the graphene photocurrent using surface plasmons and a p-n junction
Authors: Wang Di , Allcca Andres E. Llacsahuanga , Chung Ting-Fung , Kildishev Alexander V. , Chen Yong P. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recently proposed concept of graphene photodetectors offers remarkable properties such as unprecedented compactness, ultrabroadband detection, and an ultrafast response speed. However, owing to the low optical absorption of pristine monolayer graphene, the intrinsically low responsivity of graphene photodetectors significantly hinders the development of practical devices. To address this issue, numerous efforts have thus far been made to enhance the light–graphene interaction using plasmonic structures. These approaches, however, can be significantly advanced by leveraging the other critical aspect of graphene photoresponsivity enhancement—electrical junction control. It has been reported that the dominant photocarrier generation mechanism in graphene is the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect. Thus, the two energy conversion mechanisms involved in the graphene photodetection process are light-to-heat and heat-to-electricity conversions. In this work, we propose a meticulously designed device architecture to simultaneously enhance the two conversion efficiencies. Specifically, a gap plasmon structure is used to absorb a major portion of the incident light to induce localized heating, and a pair of split gates is used to produce a p-n junction in graphene to augment the PTE current generation. The gap plasmon structure and the split gates are designed to share common key components so that the proposed device architecture concurrently realizes both optical and electrical enhancements. We experimentally demonstrate the dominance of the PTE effect in graphene photocurrent generation and observe a 25-fold increase in the generated photocurrent compared to the un-enhanced cases. While further photocurrent enhancement can be achieved by applying a DC bias, the proposed device concept shows vast potential for practical applications.
Ultrathin monolithic 3D printed optical coherence tomography endoscopy for preclinical and clinical use
Authors: Li Jiawen , Thiele Simon , Quirk Bryden C. , Kirk Rodney W. , Verjans Johan W. , Akers Emma , Bursill Christina A. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Herkommer Alois M. , Giessen Harald , McLaughlin Robert A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreclinical and clinical diagnostics increasingly rely on techniques to visualize internal organs at high resolution via endoscopes. Miniaturized endoscopic probes are necessary for imaging small luminal or delicate organs without causing trauma to tissue. However, current fabrication methods limit the imaging performance of highly miniaturized probes, restricting their widespread application. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel ultrathin probe fabrication technique that utilizes 3D microprinting to reliably create side-facing freeform micro-optics (<130 µm diameter) on single-mode fibers. Using this technique, we built a fully functional ultrathin aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography probe. This is the smallest freeform 3D imaging probe yet reported, with a diameter of 0.457 mm, including the catheter sheath. We demonstrated image quality and mechanical flexibility by imaging atherosclerotic human and mouse arteries. The ability to provide microstructural information with the smallest optical coherence tomography catheter opens a gateway for novel minimally invasive applications in disease.
Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand
Authors: Kutanan Wibhu , Shoocongdej Rasmi , Srikummool Metawee , Hübner Alexander , Suttipai Thanatip , Srithawong Suparat , Kampuansai Jatupol , Stoneking Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Hmong-Mien (HM) and Sino-Tibetan (ST) speaking groups are known as hill tribes in Thailand; they were the subject of the first studies to show an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA vs. male-specific portion of the Y chromosome (MSY) variation. However, HM and ST groups have not been studied in as much detail as other Thai groups; here we report and analyze 234 partial MSY sequences (∼2.3 mB) and 416 complete mtDNA sequences from 14 populations that, when combined with our previous published data, provides the largest dataset yet for the hill tribes. We find a striking difference between Hmong and IuMien (Mien-speaking) groups: the Hmong are genetically different from both the IuMien and all other Thai groups, whereas the IuMien are genetically more similar to other linguistic groups than to the Hmong. In general, we find less of an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation than previous studies. However, there is a dramatic difference in the frequency of MSY and mtDNA lineages of Northeast Asian (NEA) origin vs. Southeast Asian (SEA) origin in HM vs. ST groups: HM groups have high frequencies of NEA MSY lineages but lower frequencies of NEA mtDNA lineages, while ST groups show the opposite. A potential explanation is that the ancestors of Thai HM groups were patrilocal, while the ancestors of Thai ST groups were matrilocal. Overall, these results attest to the impact of cultural practices on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation.
Major 5′terminally deleted enterovirus populations modulate type I IFN response in acute myocarditis patients and in human cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: Glenet M. , N’Guyen Y. , Mirand A. , Henquell C. , Lebreil A.-L. , Berri F. , Bani-Sadr F. , Lina B. , Schuffenecker I. , Andreoletti L. ,   The French Enterovirus Myocarditis Study Group (FEMSG), Mirand A. , Henquell C. , Mathieu Marie-Laure , Mezgueldi Ellia , Verdan Matthieu , Motreff Pascal , Lina B. , Schuffenecker I. , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Lepiller Quentin , Bruneval Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMajor 5′terminally deleted (5′TD) group-B enterovirus (EV-B) populations were identified in heart biopsies of patients with fulminant myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy suggesting that these 5′TD forms are key drivers of host-cell interaction in EV cardiac infections. To date, early emergence of EV-B 5′TD forms and its impact on type 1 IFN response during acute myocarditis remains unknown. Using quantitative RACE-PCR assay, we identified major EV-B 5′TD RNA populations in plasma or heart samples of acute myocarditis cases. Deletions identified within the 5′ non-coding region of EV-B populations only affected secondary-structural elements of genomic RNA domain I and were distinguished in two major groups based on the extent of RNA structural deletions. Proportions of these two respective EV-B 5′TD population groups were positively or negatively correlated with IFN-β levels in plasma samples of myocarditis patients. Transfection of synthetic CVB3/28 RNAs harboring various 5′terminal full-length or deleted sequences into human cultured cardiomyocytes demonstrated that viral genomic RNA domain I possessed essential immunomodulatory secondary-structural elements responsible for IFN-β pathway induction. Overall, our results highlight the early emergence of major EVB-TD populations which deletions affecting secondary–structures of RNA domain I can modulate innate immune sensing mechanisms in cardiomyocytes of patients with acute myocarditis.
Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort
Authors: Fellner Máté , Varga Bálint , Grolmusz Vince 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe human connectome has become the very frequent subject of study of brain-scientists, psychologists and imaging experts in the last decade. With diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, united with advanced data processing algorithms, today we are able to compute braingraphs with several hundred, anatomically identified nodes and thousands of edges, corresponding to the anatomical connections of the brain. The analysis of these graphs without refined mathematical tools is hopeless. These tools need to address the high error rate of the MRI processing workflow, and need to find structural causes or at least correlations of psychological properties and cerebral connections. Until now, structural connectomics was only rarely able of identifying such causes or correlations. In the present work we study the frequent neighbor sets of the most deeply investigated brain area, the hippocampus. By applying the Frequent Network Neighborhood mapping method, we identified frequent neighbor-sets of the hippocampus, which may influence numerous psychological parameters, including intelligence-related ones. We have found “Good Neighbor” sets, which correlate with better test results and also “Bad Neighbor” sets, which correlate with worse test results. Our study utilizes the braingraphs, computed from the imaging data of the Human Connectome Project’s 414 subjects, each with 463 anatomically identified nodes.
Selective solvent filters for non-aqueous phase liquid separation from water
Authors: Marshall Tatianna , Estepa Klaudine M. , Corradini Maria , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Sleep Brent , Pensini Erica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInjectable filters permeable to water but impermeable to non-polar solvents were developed to contain non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in contaminated aquifers, hence protecting downstream receptors during NAPL remediation. Filters were produced by injecting aqueous solutions of 0.01% chitosan, hydroxyethylcellulose and quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose into sand columns, followed by rinsing with water. Polymer sorption onto silica was verified using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Fluorescence and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy showed low ppm range concentrations of non-polar solvents (e.g., hexane and toluene) in water eluted from the filters (in the absence of emulsifiers). The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and hexane or toluene were > 90°, indicating surface oleophobicity. Organic, polar solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran and tetrachloroethylene, TCE) were not separated from water. The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and TCE was also > 90°. However, the contact area with polymer coated surfaces was greater for TCE than non-polar solvents, suggesting higher affinity between TCE and the surfaces. Emulsifiers can be used to facilitate NAPL extraction from aquifers. Emulsion separation efficiency depended on the emulsifier used. Emulsions were not separated with classical surfactants (e.g. Tween 20 and oleic acid) or alkaline zein solutions. Partial emulsion separation was achieved with humic acids and zein particles.
Fas mutation reduces obesity by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 expression and promoting white adipose tissue browning
Authors: Choi Eun Wha , Lee Minjae , Song Ji Woo , Kim Kyeongdae , Lee Jungmin , Yang Jehoon , Lee Seo Hyun , Kim Il Yong , Choi Jae-Hoon , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrown adipose tissue generates heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1 to protect against obesity and hypothermia. Fas mutant MRL/lpr mice exhibit a significantly leaner phenotype compared to wild type MRL/MpJ mice. In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory cell population in the adipose tissue of MRL/lpr mice, which could potentially influence their lean phenotype. Furthermore, we compared beige fat activity between the MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice. Fas mutation resulted in high body temperature, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased fat mass and adipocyte size. Fas mutation prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and decreased the white adipose tissue M1:M2 ratio. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, UCP1, IL-4, IL-10, and tyrosine hydroxylase genes had significantly higher expression in Fas-mutant mice than in wild type mice. After a cold challenge, UCP1 expression and browning were also significantly higher in the Fas-mutant mice. In summary, Fas-mutant mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity due to increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels and the promotion of thermogenic protein activity and browning in their adipose tissues. STAT6 activation might contribute to M2 polarisation by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels while increases in M2 and tyrosine hydroxylase levels promote browning in response to Fas mutation.
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium transmission spectrum modelling of HD 209458b
Authors: Young M. E. , Fossati L. , Koskinen T. T. , Salz M. , Cubillos P. E. , France K. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Exoplanetary upper atmospheres are low density environments where radiative processes can compete with collisional ones and introduce non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects into transmission spectra.
Aims. We develop a NLTE radiative transfer framework capable of modelling exoplanetary transmission spectra over a wide range of planetary properties.
Methods. We adapted the NLTE spectral synthesis code Cloudy to produce an atmospheric structure and atomic transmission spectrum in both NLTE and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for the hot Jupiter HD 209458b, given a published T–P profile and assuming solar metallicity. Selected spectral features, including Hα, NaI D, HeI λ10 830, FeI and II ultra-violet (UV) bands, and C, O, and Si UV lines, are compared with literature observations and models where available. The strength of NLTE effects are measured for individual spectral lines to identify which features are most strongly affected.
Results. The developed modelling framework that computes NLTE synthetic spectra reproduces literature results for the HeI λ10 830 triplet, the NaI D lines, and the forest of FeI lines in the optical. Individual spectral lines in the NLTE spectrum exhibit up to 40% stronger absorption relative to the LTE spectrum.
Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Huélamo N. , Bouy H. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Debris discs orbiting young stars are key to understanding dust evolution and the planetary formation process. We take advantage of a recent membership analysis of the 30 Myr nearby open cluster IC 4665 based on the Gaia and DANCe surveys to revisit the disc population of this cluster.
Aims. We aim to study the disc population of IC 4665 using Spitzer (MIPS and IRAC) and WISE photometry.
Methods. We use several colour–colour diagrams with empirical photospheric sequences to detect the sources with an infrared excess. Independently, we also fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of our debris-disc candidates with the Virtual Observatory SED analyser (VOSA) which is capable of automatically detecting infrared excesses and provides effective temperature estimates.
Results. We find six candidate debris-disc host stars (five with MIPS and one with WISE), two of which are new candidates. We estimate a disc fraction of 24 ± 10% for the B–A stars, where our sample is expected to be complete. This is similar to what has been reported in other clusters of similar ages (Upper Centaurus Lupus, Lower Centaurus Crux, the β Pictoris moving group, and the Pleiades). For solar-type stars we find a disc fraction of 9 ± 9%, which is lower than that observed in regions with comparable ages.
Conclusions. Our candidate debris-disc host stars are excellent targets to be studied with ALMA or the future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Wirksamkeit von Interventionen für Hinterbliebene nach einem Suizid: ein Systematischer Review
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Hofmann Laura , Grafiadeli Raphaela 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Suizidhinterbliebene weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko für psychische und somatische Folgeerkrankungen auf. Dennoch gibt es nur eine geringe Anzahl an Interventionen, welche sich spezifisch an diese Betroffenengruppe richten. Der systematische Review bewertet die Wirksamkeit von Interventionen, die speziell für jugendliche und erwachsene Suizidhinterbliebene entwickelt wurden.Methodik Es wurden ausschließlich randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (k = 6) mit insgesamt N = 473 Teilnehmenden eingeschlossen.Ergebnisse Für die Interventionsgruppen ließen sich bei den gruppeninternen Unterschieden kleine bis mittlere Effektstärken feststellen, es wurden jedoch keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Vergleichsgruppen gefunden.Schlussfolgerungen Interventionen für Suizidhinterbliebene zeigten eine Reduzierung des psychischen Belastungserlebens auf, dennoch konnte dieser Effekt nicht in einem kontrollierten Design bestätigt werden. Das heißt, es liegt derzeit keine Evidenz dafür vor, dass eine Intervention nach dem Suizid einer nahestehenden Person wirksamer ist als keine oder eine unspezifische Intervention. Insgesamt gibt es bisher nur wenige qualitativ hochwertige Studien und dieser Umstand weist auf einen hohen Forschungsbedarf hin.
Bewusster Verzicht auf Zwangsmaßnahmen bei anhaltendem selbstdestruktivem Verhalten
Authors: Tschöke Stefan , Hund Susanne , Bichescu-Burian Dana , Truöl Steve , Steinert Tilman 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer klinische Verlauf bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, anhaltender suizidaler Kommunikation und Selbstschädigung ist häufig durch freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen, lange Hospitalisierung und fehlende Behandlungsbereitschaft für eine störungsorientierte Behandlung gekennzeichnet. Wir stellen den Verlauf eines 31-jährigen Mannes vor, der nach Aufklärung vor die freie Wahl zwischen einer störungsorientierten Behandlung oder einer Beendigung des stationären Aufenthalts gestellt wurde. Der Entschluss für dieses Vorgehen basierte auf der grundsätzlich erhaltenen Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit außerhalb kurzdauernder akuter Einengungen in Krisen. Der bewusste Verzicht auf freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen und die Einforderung von Verantwortung für eine Veränderung ebnete die Basis für eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung und Reaktivierung eigener Handlungskompetenzen.
Reversal Agents for the Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors: Biochemical Mechanisms of Current and Newly Emerging Therapies
Authors: Schreuder Mark , Reitsma Pieter H. , Bos Mettine H. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe direct oral anticoagulants targeting coagulation factor Xa or thrombin are widely used as alternatives to vitamin K antagonists in the management of venous thromboembolism and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In case of bleeding or emergency surgery, reversal agents are helpful to counteract the anticoagulant therapy and restore hemostasis. While idarucizumab has been established as an antidote for the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, reversal strategies for the direct factor Xa inhibitors have been a focal point in clinical care over the past years. In the absence of specific reversal agents, the off-label use of (activated) prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa have been suggested as effective treatment options during inhibitor-induced bleeding complications. Meanwhile, several specific reversal agents have been developed. In this review, an overview of the current state of nonspecific and specific reversal agents for the direct factor Xa inhibitors is provided, focusing on the biochemistry and mechanism of action and the preclinical assessment of newly emerging therapies.
Effect of Steroid in Local Infiltration Analgesia in One-Stage Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Paired-Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Chan Ping Keung , Yan Chun Hoi , Henry Chun Him , Chan Chi Wing , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is effective in relieving pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), its effect is short lasting and the optimal combination of drugs is unknown. Steroids being a potent and long-acting anti-inflammatory drug might extend LIA's effect. This study aims to evaluate the role of steroids in LIA. This is a paired-randomized controlled study involving one-stage bilateral TKA patients. LIA containing ropivacaine, ketorolac, and adrenaline with or without triamcinolone was given. One knee was randomized to receive LIA with steroids, while the other received LIA without steroids. The primary outcome was knee pain in terms of the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were rehabilitation progress, functional scores, and complications. Outcomes were compared between the knees of the same patient and documented up to 1 year. A total of 45 patients (90 TKAs) were included. LIA with steroid knees showed lower VAS score at rest and during activity from postoperation day 1 to 5 and at 6 weeks (p < 0.05). Passive and active range of movement was also greater in LIA with steroid group from day 1 to 7 and day 2 to 5, respectively (p < 0.05). Steroid-treated knees also achieved active straight leg raise earlier (1.2 vs. 2.0 days, p < 0.05). No differences in Knee Society Score and complication rates between both groups. Steroids in LIA offer additional and extended benefit in pain control and rehabilitation after TKA, while no adverse effects were found up to 1-year follow-up.
Free movement of workers under challenge: the indexation of family benefits
Authors: Blauberger Michael , Heindlmaier Anita , Kobler Carina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper traces the political debate about the export and the indexation of family benefits in the European Union (EU). We ask why such a technical legal issue has become salient in several EU member states. Explanations building on financial and political justifications prove to be insufficient. Rather, we argue, indexation has to be understood in the broader context of the contestation and constitutionalization of the free movement of workers. Free movement and equal treatment of workers have become contested with Eastern enlargement, but their legal framework is largely removed from political adjustments as it is constitutionalized in the Treaties and progressively interpreted by the Court of Justice (CJEU). At least symbolically, indexation promises to address these economic and legal challenges and serves as an “outlet” for member state governments. We illustrate our argument with empirical evidence from the debates preceding the Brexit referendum and the Austrian reform of family benefits.