bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Landslide Wave Generation and Propagation Using the Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Mulligan R. P. , Franci A. , Celigueta M. A. , Take W. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the impulse waves generated by highly mobile slides in large‐scale flume experiments are reproduced numerically with the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The numerical technique combines a Lagrangian finite element solution with an efficient remeshing algorithm and is capable of accurately tracking the evolving fluid free‐surface and velocity distribution in highly unsteady flows. The slide material is water, which represents an avalanche or debris flow with high mobility, and the reservoir depth is varied, thereby achieving a range of different near‐field wave conditions from breaking waves to near‐solitary waves. In situ experimental observations of fluid velocity and water surface levels are obtained using high‐speed digital cameras, acoustic sensors, and capacitance wave probes, and the data are used to analyze the accuracy of the PFEM predictions. The two‐dimensional numerical model shows the capability of holistically reproducing the entire problem from landslide motion, to impact with water, to wave generation, propagation, and runup. Very good agreement with the experimental observations are obtained, in terms of landslide velocity and thickness, wave time series, maximum wave amplitude, wave speed, and wave shape. In a broad perspective, the results demonstrate the potential of this numerical method for predicting outcomes of interacting multi‐hazard scenarios, such as landslides triggered by loss of slope stability and the generation of tsunami.
Asymmetrical Linkages Between Multifrequency Atmospheric Waves and Variations in Winter PM2.5 Concentrations in Northern China During 2013–2019
Authors: Chang Wenyuan , Zhan Jianqiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtmospheric waves have a broad spectrum of momentum at various frequencies and link to the PM2.5 concentrations in northern China. We show that the meaningful circulations depended on the wave frequency and the rank of the PM2.5 concentrations. The winter 2013–2019 PM2.5 had different correlations with the subseasonal 850 hPa height anomalies at low (>30 days), intermediate (10–30 days), and high (<10 days) frequencies. The low‐frequency waves increased PM2.5 concentrations by lowering the height over Eurasia and raising the height over the North Atlantic. The first two singular value decomposition principal patterns at the low‐frequency were alike Wavenumber 3 and 4 circulations, respectively. The two patterns accounted for the majority of the background variations of winter PM2.5 in China. The intermediate‐frequency waves increased PM2.5 concentrations via an anomalous dipole pattern over East Asia with a positive polarity over Japan and a negative polarity over Mongolia. The positive polarity is indicative of persistent haze episodes. The high‐frequency waves showed a small dipole correlation pattern with PM2.5, but they barely accounted for high PM2.5 concentrations. The high‐frequency waves traveled quickly. They raised or lowered PM2.5 concentrations in a short time, preventing particulate accumulations. The anomalous heights at the low‐ and intermediate‐frequency for the PM2.5 concentrations >90th showed a few characteristics consistent with the circulation anomalies proposed in previous climate studies with monthly mean data. Synergic effects of the waves at different frequencies result in the observed PM2.5 variations.
Use of the L1 Constellation as a Multispacecraft Solar Wind Monitor
Authors: Burkholder B. L. , Nykyri K. , Ma X. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel multispacecraft solar wind monitor is developed, which expands on the forecasting ability of OMNI by giving spatially resolved predictions. The prediction algorithm ingests all the data from the current fleet of three L1 monitors, allowing gradients in the solar wind to be resolved on scale sizes similar to the magnetosphere. Understanding structure of the solar wind is vital to determine the global magnetospheric configuration, which is important in both real time as a space‐weather product and data users wanting to know upstream conditions when interpreting observations. The model is validated by comparing the predictions with other spacecraft observing the solar wind in situ. We perform a statistical study with thousands of hours of magnetospheric multiscale observations in the solar wind, comparing the prediction accuracy of the multispacecraft monitor to all of the OMNIWeb single‐spacecraft monitors. The multispacecraft monitor shows improvement over all three of the single‐spacecraft predictions for 44% of the cases and also outperforms both ACE and Wind, which are the primary magnetic field contributors to the OMNI IMF prediction, 55% of the time. We propose that the realistic structure of the solar wind that is resolved with multiple solar wind monitors could be vitally important to implement as upstream conditions in global magnetospheric simulations.
Nature of Low‐Frequency, Atmosphere‐Generated Seismic Noise
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Li Yijing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharacteristics of atmosphere‐generated seismic noise below 0.05 Hz are investigated when surface pressure is large. In this paper, large pressure means pressure power spectral density exceeding 100 Pa2/Hz (at 0.01 Hz). We discuss three main points. The first point is existence of two frequency ranges that show high coherence between co‐located pressure and vertical seismic data. The lower frequency (LF) range is broad and its upper bound is about 0.002 Hz. The higher frequency (HF) range is bounded between about 0.01 and 0.05 Hz. Phase difference between pressure and vertical displacement is different for the two ranges. The LF range shows phase difference of zero, and the HF range shows phase difference of 180°. The second point is on the excitation mechanism in the HF range. Using theory and data, we show that seismic noise in the HF range is primarily excited by wind‐related pressure. When pressure is high, wind speeds become high, and wind directions become unidirectional. In such a case, a deterministic, moving pressure‐source by Sorrells (1971, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb03383.x) captures the characteristics of data better than stochastic source models. The third point is on the cause of phase differences between the LF range and the HF range. The root cause is that, even after removing the instrument response, vertical seismic data contain effects from gravity and Earth rotation. Gravity effects become significant for frequencies below 0.005 Hz and create discrepancies between deconvolved vertical displacements and true vertical ground displacements. Phase‐difference results are naturally explained by it.
The Frequency‐Bessel Spectrograms of Multicomponent Cross‐Correlation Functions From Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: Hu Shaoqian , Luo Song , Yao Huajian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe recently developed frequency‐Bessel transformation (F‐J) method is effective to extract multimode surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise cross‐correlation functions (CCFs). However, this method is currently limited to the vertical‐vertical component CCFs, and only Rayleigh wave dispersion curves can be obtained. In this study, we first relate the F‐J spectrogram to the spatial autocorrelation coefficients; we then extend the F‐J method to the full multicomponent CCFs tensor, including the radial‐radial, transverse‐transverse, and the mixed‐component CCFs. Using the newly derived formulation, not only the signal of higher‐mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion can be enhanced, but also the multimode Love wave phase velocity dispersion curves and the higher‐mode Rayleigh wave ellipticity can be extracted. The formulation is tested in several numerical examples and is applied to field data in North America. Our derivation and formulation provide an extension to the current F‐J method and help to take usage of multicomponent CCFs. The resulting higher‐mode surface wave dispersions and Rayleigh wave ellipticity provide complementary constraint on the Earth structures.
Simulated Precipitation Diurnal Variation With a Deep Convective Closure Subject to Shallow Convection in Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 Coupled With CLUBB
Authors: Yang Ben , Wang Minghuai , Zhang Guang J. , Guo Zhun , Qian Yun , Huang Anning , Zhang Yaocun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the physical consistency between shallow and deep convection, we modify the deep convective closure in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) coupled with a third‐order turbulence closure parameterization (i.e., Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals [CLUBB]). The revised closure reserves a portion of the total convective available potential energy for shallow convection via utilizing the heating and moistening profiles from CLUBB to distribute moisture and energy between shallow and deep convection. Simulations at two resolutions (i.e., 2° and 0.5°, respectively) are conducted to investigate the impacts of convective closure on the simulated precipitation diurnal variations. Results from low‐resolution simulations show that the revised closure suppresses deep convection until the lower troposphere is sufficiently moistened by shallow convection, which improves the precipitation diurnal variation simulations compared with the default closure, with the precipitation diurnal peak over tropical lands delayed from 12LST to 19LST. The revised closure better simulates the diurnal variations for precipitation over the Asian monsoon region, such as the delayed precipitation onset, but still fails to well capture the nighttime peak for precipitation there. This deficiency is alleviated to some extent when applying the revised closure in high‐resolution simulations, but nighttime precipitation is still underestimated probably because key processes responsible for nighttime convection are missing. Overall, our results indicate that establishing the consistency between shallow and deep convection is critical for the precipitation diurnal cycle simulations.
In situ conversion of defective Treg into SuperTreg cells to treat advanced IPEX-like disorders in mice
Authors: Li Yongqin , Chen Yuxin , Mao Shaoshuai , Kaundal Ravinder , Jing Zhengyu , Chen Qin , Wang Xinxin , Xia Jing , Liu Dahai , Sun Jianlong , Wang Haopeng , Chi Tian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMutations disrupting regulatory T (Treg) cell function can cause IPEX and IPEX-related disorders, but whether established disease can be reversed by correcting these mutations is unclear. Treg-specific deletion of the chromatin remodeling factorBrg1impairs Treg cell activation and causes fatal autoimmunity in mice. Here, we show with a reversible knockout model that re-expression ofBrg1, in conjunction with the severe endogenous proinflammatory environment, can convert defective Treg cells into powerful, super-activated Treg cells (SuperTreg cells) that can resolve advanced autoimmunity, with Brg1re-expression in a minor fraction of Treg cells sufficient for the resolution in some cases. SuperTreg cells have enhanced trafficking and regulatory capabilities, but become deactivated as the inflammation subsides, thus avoiding excessive immune suppression. We propose a simple, robust yet safe gene-editing-based therapy for IPEX and IPEX-related disorders that exploits the defective Treg cells and the inflammatory environment pre-existing in the patients.
Labeled oxytocin administered via the intranasal route reaches the brain in rhesus macaques
Authors: Lee M. R. , Shnitko T. A. , Blue S. W. , Kaucher A. V. , Winchell A. J. , Erikson D. W. , Grant K. A. , Leggio L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxytocin may have promise as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Its therapeutic effect may depend on its ability to enter the brain and bind to the oxytocin receptor. To date, the brain tissue penetrance of intranasal oxytocin has not been demonstrated. In this nonhuman primate study, we administer deuterated oxytocin intranasally and intravenously to rhesus macaques and measure, with mass spectrometry, concentrations of labeled (exogenously administered) and endogenous oxytocin in 12 brain regions two hours after oxytocin administration. Labeled oxytocin is quantified after intranasal (not intravenous) administration in brain regions (orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, brainstem, and thalamus) that lie in the trajectories of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. These results suggest that intranasal administration bypasses the blood–brain barrier, delivering oxytocin to specific brain regions, such as the striatum, where oxytocin acts to impact motivated behaviors. Further, high concentrations of endogenous oxytocin are in regions that overlap with projection fields of oxytocinergic neurons.
The RNA fold interactome of evolutionary conserved RNA structures in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Casas-Vila Nuria , Sayols Sergi , Pérez-Martínez Lara , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRNA-binding proteins play key roles in regulation of gene expression via recognition of structural features in RNA molecules. Here we apply a quantitative RNA pull-down approach to 186 evolutionary conserved RNA structures and report 162 interacting proteins. Unlike global RNA interactome capture, we associate individual RNA structures within messenger RNA with their interacting proteins. Of our binders 69% are known RNA-binding proteins, whereas some are previously unrelated to RNA binding and do not harbor canonical RNA-binding domains. While current knowledge about RNA-binding proteins relates to their functions at 5′ or 3′-UTRs, we report a significant number of them binding to RNA folds in the coding regions of mRNAs. Using an in vivo reporter screen and pulsed SILAC, we characterize a subset of mRNA-RBP pairs and thus connect structural RNA features to functionality. Ultimately, we here present a generic, scalable approach to interrogate the increasing number of RNA structural motifs.
Trompe L’oeil Ferromagnetism
Authors: Cheong Sang-Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe characteristics of ferro-(ferri)magnetism with non-zero magnetization include magnetic attraction, magnetic circular dichroism, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday, and various anomalous Hall-type (Hall, Ettingshausen, Nernst, and thermal Hall) effects. Non-magnetic or antiferromagnetic materials in external electric fields or other environments (called specimen constituents) can share symmetry operational similarity (SOS) with magnetization ($$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{M}}$$
M
) in relation to broken symmetries. These specimen constituents can be associated with non-zero magnetization and/or show ferromagnetism-like behaviors, so we say that they exhibit Trompe L’oeil Ferromagnetism. Examples include linear magnetoelectric materials such as Cr2O3 under electric fields, Faraday effect in chiral materials such as tellurium with current flow, magnetic field induced by the motion of Neel- or Bloch-type ferroelectric walls, and magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE), Faraday effect, and/or anomalous Hall-type effects in certain antiferromagnets such as Cr2O3, MnPSe3, Mn4(Nb,Ta)2O9, and Mn3(Sn,Ge,Ga). A large number of new specimen constitutes having SOS with $$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{M}}$$
M
are proposed, and require future experimental verification of their ferromagnetism-like behaviors, and also theoretical understanding of possible microscopic mechanisms.
Towards non-invasive computational-mechanics and imaging-based diagnostic framework for personalized cardiology for coarctation
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Khodaei Seyedvahid , Ganame Javier , Keshavarz-Motamed Zahra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoarctation of the aorta (COA) is a congenital narrowing of the proximal descending aorta. Although accurate and early diagnosis of COA hinges on blood flow quantification, proper diagnostic methods for COA are still lacking because fluid-dynamics methods that can be used for accurate flow quantification are not well developed yet. Most importantly, COA and the heart interact with each other and because the heart resides in a complex vascular network that imposes boundary conditions on its function, accurate diagnosis relies on quantifications of the global hemodynamics (heart-function metrics) as well as the local hemodynamics (detailed information of the blood flow dynamics in COA). In this study, to enable the development of new non-invasive methods that can quantify local and global hemodynamics for COA diagnosis, we developed an innovative fast computational-mechanics and imaging-based framework that uses Lattice Boltzmann method and lumped-parameter modeling that only need routine non-invasive clinical patient data. We used clinical data of patients with COA to validate the proposed framework and to demonstrate its abilities to provide new diagnostic analyses not possible with conventional diagnostic methods. We validated this framework against clinical cardiac catheterization data, calculations using the conventional finite-volume method and clinical Doppler echocardiographic measurements. The diagnostic information, that the framework can provide, is vitally needed to improve clinical outcomes, to assess patient risk and to plan treatment.
Peripheral natural killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with anti-PD-1 responses in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Youn Je-In , Park Su-Myeong , Park Seyeon , Kim Gamin , Lee Hee-Jae , Son Jimin , Hong Min Hee , Ghaderpour Aziz , Baik Bumseo , Islam Jahirul , Choi Ji-Woong , Lee Eun-Young , Kim Hang-Rae , Seo Sang-Uk , Paik Soonmyung , Yoon Hong In , Jung Inkyung , Xin Chun-Feng , Jin Hyun-Tak , Cho Byoung Chul , Seong Seung-Yong , Ha Sang-Jun , Kim Hye Ryun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInhibition of immune checkpoint proteins like programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a promising therapeutic approach for several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression is used to predict anti-PD-1 therapy responses in NSCLC, its accuracy is relatively less. Therefore, we sought to identify a more accurate predictive blood biomarker for evaluating anti-PD-1 response. We evaluated the frequencies of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), and Lox-1+ PMN-MDSCs in peripheral blood samples of 62 NSCLC patients before and after nivolumab treatment. Correlation of immune-cell population frequencies with treatment response, progression-free survival, and overall survival was also determined. After the first treatment, the median NK cell percentage was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders, while the median Lox-1+ PMN-MDSC percentage showed the opposite trend. NK cell frequencies significantly increased in responders but not in non-responders. NK cell frequency inversely correlated with that of Lox-1+ PMN-MDSCs after the first treatment cycle. The NK cell-to-Lox-1+ PMN-MDSC ratio (NMR) was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. Patients with NMRs ≥ 5.75 after the first cycle had significantly higher objective response rates and longer progression-free and overall survival than those with NMRs <5.75. NMR shows promise as an early predictor of response to further anti-PD-1 therapy.
Shift of the critical temperature in superconductors: a self-consistent approach
Authors: Cappellaro Alberto , Salasnich Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWithin the Ginzburg-Landau functional framework for the superconducting transition, we analyze the fluctuation-driven shift of the critical temperature. In addition to the order parameter fluctuations, we also take into account the fluctuations of the vector potential above its vacuum. We detail the approximation scheme to include the fluctuating fields contribution, based on the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov framework. We give explicit results for d = 2 and d = 3 spatial dimensions, in terms of easily accessible experimental parameters such as the Ginzburg-Levanyuk number Gi(d), which is related to the width of the critical region where fluctuations cannot be neglected, and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ, defined as the ratio between the magnetic penetration length and the coherence one.
Evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process
Authors: Wang Shenwei , Zhou Hongwei , Sun Zhiwei , Xu Shenghua , Ouyang Wenze , Wang Linwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigated the evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process. The volume fraction and crystal structure of suspension in the capillary tube were determined by reflection spectrometer during drying process. Our experimental results show: (a) evaporation takes place in two directions of the tube, though much stronger in one direction than the other; (b) during drying process, colloidal suspension column along the tube can be divided into four regions, namely, the close packed region, concentrated region, initial concentration region and dilution region. A new model describing the evolution of concentration profile was proposed and the calculated results based on the model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. According to solute conservation, we also present a simple way to estimate the concentration of close packed region.
Analysis of cell-associated DENV RNA by oligo(dT) primed 5’ capture scRNAseq
Authors: Sanborn Mark A. , Li Tao , Victor Kaitlin , Siegfried Hayden , Fung Christian , Rothman Alan L. , Srikiatkhachorn Anon , Fernandez Stefan , Ellison Damon , Jarman Richard G. , Friberg Heather , Maljkovic Berry Irina , Currier Jeffrey R. , Waickman Adam T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDengue is one of the most widespread vector-borne viral diseases in the world. However, the size, heterogeneity, and temporal dynamics of the cell-associated viral reservoir during acute dengue virus (DENV) infection remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed cells infectedin vitrowith DENV and PBMC from an individual experiencing a natural DENV infection utilizing 5’ capture single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Both positive- and negative-sense DENV RNA was detected in reactions containing either an oligo(dT) primer alone, or in reactions supplemented with a DENV-specific primer. The addition of a DENV-specific primer did not increase the total amount of DENV RNA captured or the fraction of cells identified as containing DENV RNA. However, inclusion of a DENV-specific cDNA primer did increase the viral genome coverage immediately 5’ to the primer binding site. Furthermore, while the majority of intracellular DENV sequence captured in this analysis mapped to the 5’ end of the viral genome, distinct patterns of enhanced coverage within the DENV polyprotein coding region were observed. The 5’ capture scRNAseq analysis of PBMC not only recapitulated previously published reports by detecting virally infected memory and naïve B cells, but also identified cell-associated genomic variants not observed in contemporaneous serum samples. These results demonstrate that oligo(dT) primed 5’ capture scRNAseq can detect DENV RNA and quantify virus-infected cells in physiologically relevant conditions, and provides insight into viral sequence variability within infected cells.