bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lending Voices to the Marginalised: The Power of Narratives as Alternative Sociological Discourse
Authors: Indira R. 
Published: January 2020

The preoccupation with theorising and esoteric epistemology tends to shift attention from the lived experiences of many groups that are on the margins. Looking at the world from their perspectives and chronicling their life stories can lead to a radical scholarship of praxis that challenges many established notions of the ‘core’ and the ‘periphery’. There has been a kind of overemphasis on ‘consistency’ in many sociological discourses in the process of ignoring what may be termed as ‘commonality’. I argue that the narrative model humanises knowledge and takes sociological discourse closer to reality. One of the critiques of the narrative model is that it is ‘subjective’ because it tends to focus on lived experiences which cannot really be reported or studied with a sense of detachment, an attribute that is considered critical for sound research. This position needs to be questioned. In fact, narrative-based discourses open new vistas for understanding, questioning and resisting inequality. Narratives are often rejected as storytelling and without a sound methodological and theoretical base, but my premise is that narratives can provide a strong basis for reconstructing and revisiting our theories and methods. Sociological discourse on issues of subaltern identities and the challenges of those living on the margins is incomplete without using the narrative method. By taking cues from my research experiences with forest dwelling communities in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka, I have tried to show how research can change perceptions and practices and lead to transformation.
Advanced IT Systems Limited: Case of Ethics and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Patanjali S. , Gupta Pooja 
Published: January 2020

Advanced IT Systems Limited (AISL) was a family-owned software solutions and services company based in Mumbai, and was in business for about 10 years. The chief executive officer (CEO) had ambitions of growing the company into one of the large Indian IT companies. Apart from concentrating on the business growth, the CEO with the help of his HR head introduced several people-oriented policies and hoped that these would lay a good base for further growth of the company. The case describes a conflict of interest that got exposed when one particular business head was championing a young computer science graduate for nomination as a high potential and accelerated promotion but kept hidden that he was in a personal relationship with the lady. Should such a relationship come in the way of the career progression of an individual who was otherwise talented and deserved the promotion? The case covers issues of the setting of corporate ethical and cultural standards, leadership and decision-making, policy and pragmatism, and of meeting client needs and organizational propriety.
Residual rotation of forearm amputation: cadaveric study
Authors: Lee Geon , Kim Sung-Jae , Ha Joo Hyung , Lee Chang-Hun , Choi Young Jin , Lee Kwang-Hyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate residual rotation of patients with forearm amputation and the contribution of involved muscle to residual rotation.MethodsTesting was performed using five fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens prepared by isolating muscles involved in forearm rotation. Amputation was implemented at 25 cm (wrist disarticulation), 18 cm, or 10 cm from the tip of olecranon. Supination and pronation in the amputation stump were simulated with traction of involved muscle (supinator, biceps brachii, pronator teres, pronator quadratus) using an electric actuator. The degree of rotation was examined at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° in flexion of elbow.ResultsAverage rotation of 25 cm forearm stump was 148° (SD: 23.1). The rotation was decreased to 117.5° (SD: 26.6) at 18 cm forearm stump. It was further decreased to 63° (SD 31.5) at 10 cm forearm stump. Tendency of disorganized rotation was observed in close proximity of the amputation site to the elbow. Full residual pronation was achieved with traction of each pronator teres and pronator quadratus. Although traction of supinator could implement residual supination, the contribution of biceps brachii ranged from 4 to 88% according to the degree of flexion.ConclusionsClose proximity of the amputation site to the elbow decreased the residual rotation significantly compared to residual rotation of wrist disarticulation. The preservation of pronosupination was 80% at 18 cm forearm stump. Although the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus could make a full residual pronation separately, the supinator was essential to a residual supination.
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a potential therapeutic target for Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Authors: Nie Dan , Hu Yue , Chen Zhou , Li Mingkai , Hou Zheng , Luo Xiaoxing , Mao Xinggang , Xue Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii) is an important opportunistic pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections, which is considered as the most threatening Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Outer membrane protein A (OmpA), a major component of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in GNB, is a key virulence factor which mediates bacterial biofilm formation, eukaryotic cell infection, antibiotic resistance and immunomodulation. The characteristics of OmpA inEscherichia coli(E. coli) have been extensively studied since 1974, but only in recent years researchers started to clarify the functions of OmpA inA. baumannii. In this review, we summarized the structure and functions of OmpA inA. baumannii(AbOmpA), collected novel therapeutic strategies against it for treatingA. baumanniiinfection, and emphasized the feasibility of using AbOmpA as a potential therapeutic target.
Differential expression of microRNA, miR-150 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in peripheral blood cells as early prognostic markers of severe forms of dengue
Authors: Hapugaswatta Harsha , Amarasena Pubudu , Premaratna Ranjan , Seneviratne Kapila N. , Jayathilaka Nimanthi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Dengue presents a wide clinical spectrum. Most patients recover following a self-limiting non-severe clinical course. A small proportion of patients progress to severe disease, mostly characterized by plasma leakage with or without hemorrhage. Early symptoms of severe dengue (SD) are similar to those of non-severe dengue fever (DF). Severe symptoms manifest after 3–5 days of fever, which can be life threatening due to lack of proper medications and inability to distinguish severe cases during the early stages. Early prediction of SD in patients with no warning signs who may later develop severe infection is very important for proper disease management to alleviate related complications and mortality. microRNA are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Due to the remarkable stability and the role of microRNA in gene expression, altered expression of microRNA was evaluated to explore clinically relevant prognostic markers of severe dengue.

Methods
The relative expression of microRNA hsa-let-7e (let-7e), hsa-miR-30b-5p (miR-30b), hsa-miR-30e-3p (miR-30e), hsa-miR-33a (miR-33a), and hsa-miR-150-5p (miR-150) and several putative target genes in peripheral blood cells (PBC) collected from 20 DF and 20 SD positive patients within 4 days from fever onset was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results
miR-150 showed significant (P < 0.01) up regulation in PBC of SD patients compared to DF patients during the acute phase of infection. Expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was significantly (P < 0.01) down regulated indicating that genes involved in epigenetic regulation are also differentially expressed in SD patients during the early stage of infection.

Conclusions
Differential expression of microRNA miR-150 and the putative target gene EZH2 may serve as reliable biomarkers of disease severity during early stages of dengue infection.
Microglial depletion and repopulation in brain slice culture normalizes sensitized proinflammatory signaling
Authors: Coleman Leon G. , Zou Jian , Crews Fulton T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroglia are critical mediators of neuroimmune pathology across multiple neurologic disorders. Microglia can be persistently activated or “primed” by Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, ethanol, stress, and other insults. Thus, strategies to prevent or reverse microglial priming may be beneficial for conditions that involve progressively increasing microglial activation. Microglial depletion with repopulation is emerging as a potential therapy to normalize chronic immune activation. Primary organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) allows for the study of neuroimmune activation as well as microglial depletion and repopulation without involvement of peripheral immune activation. OHSC undergoes functional maturation and retains cytoarchitecture similar toin vivo.MethodsOHSC underwent microglial depletion with the CSF1R antagonist PLX3397 with or without repopulation after removal of PLX3397. Immune, trophic, and synaptic gene changes in response to agonists of TLRs 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 as well as ethanol were assessed in the settings of microglial depletion and repopulation. Gi-DREADD inhibition of microglia was used to confirm select findings seen with depletion. The ability of microglial repopulation to prevent progressive proinflammatory gene induction by chronic ethanol was also investigated.ResultsMicroglia were depleted (> 90%) by PLX3397 in OHSC. Microglial depletion blunted proinflammatory responses to several TLR agonists as well as ethanol, which was mimicked by Gi-DREADD inhibition of OHSC microglia. Removal of PLX3397 was followed by complete repopulation of microglia. OHSCs with repopulated microglia showed increased baseline expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10), microglial inhibitory signals (e.g., CX3CL1), and growth factors (e.g., BDNF). This was associated with blunted induction (~ 50%) of TNFα and IL-1β in response to agonists to TLR4 and TLR7. Further, chronic cycled ethanol from 4 days in vitro (DIV) to 16DIV caused immediate 2-fold inductions of TNFα and IL-1β that grew to ~4-fold of age-matched control slices by 40DIV. This persistent inflammatory gene expression was completely reversed by microglial depletion and repopulation after chronic ethanol.ConclusionsMicroglia in OHSCs mediate proinflammatory responses to TLR agonists and ethanol. Microglial repopulation promoted an anti-inflammatory, trophic neuroenvironment and normalized proinflammatory gene expression. This supports the possibility of microglial depletion with repopulation as a strategy to reverse chronic neuroimmune activation.
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rat elicits a region-specific neurotrophic response in SVZ microglia
Authors: Fisch Urs , Brégère Catherine , Geier Florian , Chicha Laurie , Guzman Raphael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent findings describe microglia as modulators of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ). SVZ microglia in the adult rat are thought to adopt a neurotrophic phenotype after ischemic stroke. Early postnatal microglia are endogenously activated and may therefore exhibit an increased sensitivity to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of cortico-striatal HI on the microglial phenotype, function, and gene expression in the early postnatal SVZ.

Methods
Postnatal day (P)7 rats underwent sham or right-hemispheric HI surgery. Microglia in the SVZ, the uninjured cortex, and corpus callosum were immunohistochemically analyzed at P10, P20, and P40. The transcriptome of microdissected SVZ and cortical microglia was analyzed at P10 and P20, and the effect of P10 SVZ microglia on neurosphere generation in vitro was studied.

Results
The microglial response to HI was region-specific. In the SVZ, a microglial accumulation, prolonged activation and phagocytosis was noted that was not observed in the cortex and corpus callosum. The transcriptome of SVZ microglia and cortical microglia were distinct, and after HI, SVZ microglia concurrently upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory as well as neurotrophic genes. In vitro, microglia isolated from the SVZ supported neurosphere generation in a concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Microglia are an inherent cellular component of the early postnatal SVZ and undergo developmental changes that are affected on many aspects by neonatal HI injury. Our results demonstrate that early postnatal SVZ microglia are sensitive to HI injury and display a long-lasting region-specific response including neurotrophic features.
User participation and shared decision-making in adolescent mental healthcare: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Bjønness Stig , Viksveen Petter , Johannessen Jan Olav , Storm Marianne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Most mental health problems occur in adolescence. There is increasing recognition of user participation and shared decision-making in adolescents’ mental healthcare. However, research in this field of clinical practice is still sparse. The objective of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ perspectives on user participation, and opportunities for shared decision-making in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) inpatient units.

Methods
Healthcare professionals at CAMHS inpatient units participated in three focus group interviews. Fifteen participants with experience with user participation and shared decision-making were recruited from five hospitals in Norway.

Results
Five themes emerged: (1) involvement before admission; (2) sufficient time to feel safe; (3) individualized therapy; (4) access to meetings where decisions are made; and (5) changing professionals’ attitudes and practices.

Conclusion
User participation and shared decision-making require changes in workplace culture, and routines that allow for individualized mental health services that are adapted to adolescents’ needs. This calls for a flexible approach that challenges clinical pathways and short-stay hospital policies. The results of this study may inform further work on strengthening user participation and the implementation of shared decision-making.
Trial registration Norwegian Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics, reference number 2017/1195
The differential distribution of bacteria between cancerous and noncancerous ovarian tissues in situ
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Lanbo , Han Lu , Fu Guoxing , Tuo Xiaoqian , Ma Sijia , Li Qing , Wang Yiran , Liang Dongxin , Tang Miaomiao , Sun Chao , Wang Qing , Song Qing , Li Qiling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
With the improvement of bacterial detection, the theory of the sterile female upper reproductive tract has been frequently challenged in recent years. However, thus far, no researchers have used ovaries as study targets.

Methods
Six women who were diagnosed with ovarian cancer were included in the cancer group, and ten women who were diagnosed with a noncancerous ovarian condition (including three patients with uterine myoma and seven patients with uterine adenomyosis) were included in the control group. Immunohistochemistry staining using an antibacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody was used to confirm the presence of bacteria in the ovarian tissues. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the differences in the bacteria between ovarian cancer tissues and noncancerous ovarian tissues. BugBase and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) were used to predict the functional composition of the bacteria.

Results
Bacterial LPS was present in ovarian cancer tissue and noncancerous ovarian tissue, which implied the presence of bacteria in ovarian tissue. When compared to the noncancerous ovarian bacteria at the phylum level, the cancerous ovarian bacteria were composed of increased Aquificae and Planctomycetes and decreased Crenarchaeota. When predicting metagenomes, gene functions associated with the potentially pathogenic and the oxidative stress-tolerant phenotype were enriched in the ovaries of the cancer group. Forty-six significantly different KEGG pathways existed in the ovarian bacteria of the cancer group compared to that of the control group.

Conclusions
Different bacteria compositions were present in cancerous and noncancerous ovarian tissues.

Trial registration
Chines Clinical Trail Registry, CHiCTR1800020018, Registered 11 September 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/
Interfacial molecular interactions of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A and its variants on cellulose
Authors: Mudinoor Akshata R. , Goodwin Peter M. , Rao Raghavendra U. , Karuna Nardrapee , Hitomi Alex , Nill Jennifer , Jeoh Tina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Molecular-scale mechanisms of the enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars are still poorly understood, with a need for independent measurements of enzyme kinetic parameters. We measured binding times of cellobiohydrolase Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (Cel7A) on celluloses using wild-type Cel7A (WTintact), the catalytically deficient mutant Cel7A E212Q (E212Qintact) and their proteolytically isolated catalytic domains (CD) (WTcore and E212Qcore, respectively). The binding time distributions were obtained from time-resolved, super-resolution images of fluorescently labeled enzymes on cellulose obtained with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

Results
Binding of WTintact and E212Qintact on the recalcitrant algal cellulose (AC) showed two bound populations: ~ 85% bound with shorter residence times of < 15 s while ~ 15% were effectively immobilized. The similarity between binding times of the WT and E212Q suggests that the single point mutation in the enzyme active site does not affect the thermodynamics of binding of this enzyme. The isolated catalytic domains, WTcore and E212Qcore, exhibited three binding populations on AC: ~ 75% bound with short residence times of ~ 15 s (similar to the intact enzymes), ~ 20% bound for < 100 s and ~ 5% that were effectively immobilized.

Conclusions
Cel7A binding to cellulose is driven by the interactions between the catalytic domain and cellulose. The cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker increase the affinity of Cel7A to cellulose likely by facilitating recognition and complexation at the substrate interface. The increased affinity of Cel7A to cellulose by the CBM and linker comes at the cost of increasing the population of immobilized enzyme on cellulose. The residence time (or inversely the dissociation rates) of Cel7A on cellulose is not catalysis limited.
Elongation during segmentation shows axial variability, low mitotic rates, and synchronized cell cycle domains in the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus
Authors: Constantinou Savvas J. , Duan Nicole , Nagy Lisa M. , Chipman Ariel D. , Williams Terri A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSegmentation in arthropods typically occurs by sequential addition of segments from a posterior growth zone. However, the amount of tissue required for growth and the cell behaviors producing posterior elongation are sparsely documented.ResultsUsing precisely staged larvae of the crustacean,Thamnocephalus platyurus, we systematically examine cell division patterns and morphometric changes associated with posterior elongation during segmentation. We show that cell division occurs during normal elongation but that cells in the growth zone need only divide ~ 1.5 times to meet growth estimates; correspondingly, direct measures of cell division in the growth zone are low. Morphometric measurements of the growth zone and of newly formed segments suggest tagma-specific features of segment generation. Using methods for detecting two different phases in the cell cycle, we show distinct domains of synchronized cells in the posterior trunk. Borders of cell cycle domains correlate with domains of segmental gene expression, suggesting an intimate link between segment generation and cell cycle regulation.ConclusionsEmerging measures of cellular dynamics underlying posterior elongation already show a number of intriguing characteristics that may be widespread among sequentially segmenting arthropods and are likely a source of evolutionary variability. These characteristics include: the low rates of posterior mitosis, the apparently tight regulation of cell cycle at the growth zone/new segment border, and a correlation between changes in elongation and tagma boundaries.
Heat shock protein 70 (HmHsp70) from Hypsizygus marmoreus confers thermotolerance to tobacco
Authors: Xu Lili , Gao Jie , Guo Lizhong , Yu Hao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 70-kD heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) have been proved to be important for stress tolerance and protein folding and unfolding in almost all organisms. However, the functions of Hsp70s in mushroom are not well understood. In the present study, a hsp70 gene from Hypsizygus marmoreus, hmhsp70, was cloned and transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) to evaluate its function in thermotolerance. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that HmHsp70 may be located in the mitochondria region. qPCR analysis revealed that the transcription level of hmhsp70 in H. marmoreus mycelia increased after heat shock treatment in high temperature (42 °C) compared with untreated mycelia (at 25 °C). Transgenic tobaccos expressing hmhsp70 gene showed enhanced resistance to lethal temperature compared with the wild type (WT) plants. Nearly 30% of the transgenic tobaccos survived after treated at a high temperature (50 °C and 52 °C for 4 h); however, almost all the WT tobaccos died after treated at 50 °C and no WT tobacco survived after heat shock at 52 °C. This study firstly showed the function of a hsp70 gene from H. marmoreus.
Enhancement of pullulanase production from recombinant Bacillus subtilis by optimization of feeding strategy and fermentation conditions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Nie Yao , Zhou Xia , Bi Jiahua , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPullulanase is an important starch-debranching enzyme mostly used in starch processing-related food industries. However, the levels of pullulanase produced from recombinant Bacillus subtilis, a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) host, are generally limited. To enhance the activity of pullulanase, batch fermentation and fed-batch fermentation were systematically investigated. The overall purpose is to improve the fermentation yield by optimizing the feeding strategy in the fermentation process, thereby increasing the enzyme activity of pullulanase. Therefore, in this study, the feeding methods, the feeding ingredients, the feeding concentration, and pH values were studied in detail. The optimized fermentation conditions for pullulanase production from recombinant B. subtilis were determined as following: inoculum volume 7%, pH 6.5, the dissolved oxygen level 30%, and constant-rate feeding of 100 mL glucose solution (400 g L−1) in late logarithmic growth. The OD600 of recombinant B. subtilis and enzyme activity were 84.54 and 102.75 U mL−1, which were respectively 141% and 144% higher than that before optimization. These findings provided a prerequisite for further amplification of the fermentation system to obtain higher enzyme activity.