bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly supervised brain tumour segmentation with label propagation and level set loss
Authors: Abadian‐Zadeh Fatemeh‐Sadat , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Soryani Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis of brain tumors significantly enhances treatment success. However, accurate detection and segmentation of tumors, essential for diagnosis, rely heavily on costly manual annotation by experts. To mitigate these costs, weakly supervised methods have gained traction. This paper introduces a novel weakly supervised brain tumor segmentation approach utilizing point and scribble supervision. Experts annotate only the slice with the largest tumor area by marking a single point near the tumor center or drawing a scribble within the tumor region. The method operates in two phases. First, labels are propagated to unlabelled pixels, generating a pseudo‐ground‐truth with three labels: tumor, non‐tumor, and marginal pixels (unlabelled pixels surrounding the initial segmentation). Second, a segmentation model is trained using the pseudo‐ground‐truth and a loss function combining level‐set and binary cross‐entropy losses. Marginal pixels contribute to level‐set loss computation, refining the segmentation process. The approach is validated on 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes from BraTS2020, BraTS2021, and BraTS2023 benchmark datasets. Experimental results show Dice scores comparable to fully supervised methods for whole tumor segmentation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed weakly supervised strategy. This method reduces annotation effort while maintaining competitive segmentation performance, making it valuable for clinical applications.
3D‐TabNetHS: A hyperspectral image classification method based on improved interpretable 3D attentive TabNet
Authors: Li Ning , Wei Daozhi , Huang Shucai , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe classification methods for hyperspectral images (HSI) based on decision trees and convolutional neural networks have shown increasing advantages, but these methods often require a large number of labelled samples for learning, which is difficult for HSI, and the interpretability of the network is not high. Therefore, this paper proposes classification methods based on improved attention interpretable table learning (TabNet) named 3D TabNet HSI (3D‐TabNetHS) and unsupervised 3D TabNet HSI (U3D‐TabNetHS). These methods use sequential attention to select appropriate HSI spatial‐spectral features and add a space spectral information extraction (SSE) module composed of a 3D convolutional neural network (3D‐CNN) and fully connected layers to the Attention Transformer module in the original TabNet network to extract spatial‐spectral soft features. At the same time, unsupervised learning can be used to retrain the 3D‐TabNetHS network, and the classification accuracy of the resulting U3D‐TabNetHS network can be further improved. Compared with other HSI classification methods based on decision trees, the HSI classification accuracy of 3D‐TabNetHS is higher. On three typical HSI datasets, the accuracy metric overall accuracy of 3D‐TabNetHS reached as high as 98.71%, 94.73%, and 97.23%, respectively. Simultaneously, the consistency evaluation metric Kappa also reached 98.56%, 93.98%, and 96.31% respectively. The experimental results indicate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method in HSI classification.
A new approach to manage the connection queue
Authors: Ostler Nicolas , Li Furong , Dale Lewis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe connection queue has seen unparalleled growth over the last 24 months. With the record number of connection agreement applications representing a pivotal time for system development as we drive investment that will enable us to transition into an electrified future. The authors look to address challenges posed to the connection queue through congestion management‐based techniques. Conducting a top down approach, the authors first visualise the state of the queue. Observing highest growth in pure storage based applications distributed close to traditional load centres, followed by wind projects along the East Coast and Northern Scotland. Supporting close analysis is performed on the representative B6 boundary. The authors compare methodologies, validate a process for the attribution of congestion cost and quantify the value of investment given by unit power changes. Finding that most significant value of investment in storage lies in the Southeast of England and the North of Scotland. This reflects the identified current state of constraint and most efficient current utilisation of available capacity. These approaches have been aligned with current system thinking and progress towards a new industry data sharing standard, forming strategy by which we look to transition the energy system and country into a decarbonised future.
A step towards digital transformation within a utility company through process automation for a sustainable energy transition
Authors: Parra Nhora , Giraldo Sandra , la Rotta David , Gómez Betsy , Mejía Yissel , Morales Laidi , Nieto‐Londoño César , Vásquez Rafael E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainable energy management systems are part of the global energy transition by digitally transforming utility companies throughout the past decade. Industry 4.0 (4IR) has been adopted to improve competitiveness and align its processes with trends that require changes in the producer‐consumer relationship. This study examines how AES Colombia uses Industry 4.0 to improve efficiency and promote a sustainable energy transition. It focuses on automating key processes within the company's hydropower operations, representing 6% of Colombia's energy market. The research shows that robotic‐process‐automation technologies reduce pricing simulation time from 27 to 5 h and tax declaration manual labour from 1560 to 584 h. These advancements enhance operational efficiency and significantly improve decision‐making capabilities, thereby boosting the reliability of information utilized across various operational domains, including financial, market, and regulatory processes. The findings underscore the critical role of flexibility, cultural change, and continuous training in facilitating successful digital transformation initiatives. This work contributes to understanding how intelligent systems can optimize energy companies’ processes while promoting a human‐centred approach to Industry 4.0 technologies. The results underscore the importance of aligning technological advancements with sustainability goals to drive significant improvements in the energy sector, paving the way for a more resilient and adaptable energy landscape.
Radial velocity variability fractions of different types of hot subdwarf stars
Authors: He Ruijie , Meng Xiangcun , Lei Zhenxin , Yan Huahui , Lan Shunyi 
Published: December 2024

Context. It is generally thought that hot subdwarfs are helium-core- or helium-shell-burning objects with extremely thin hydrogen envelopes and that binary interactions are always needed in their formation. Different types of hot subdwarfs may have different origins, which will cause them to present different radial velocity (RV) variability properties.
Aims. We plan to study the RV-variability fractions of different types of hot subdwarfs, as well as their distributions in the Teff − log g diagram. This provides insights into the formation of hot subdwarfs.
Methods. The cross-correlation function method was adopted to measure RV variations in 434 hot subdwarfs based on spectra obtained with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey were also used to search for short-period binary hot subdwarfs.
Results. Only 6 ± 4% of our single-lined He-rich hot subdwarfs that only show spectroscopic features of hot subdwarfs are found to be RV variable, which is lower than the fraction of single-lined He-poor sdB stars (31 ± 3%). Single-lined sdB stars with effective temperatures (Teff) ∼ 25 000–33 000 K show an RV-variability fraction of 34 ± 5%, while lower RV-variability fractions are observed for single-lined sdB stars cooler than about 25 000 K (11 ± 4%), single-lined sdB/OB stars with Teff ∼ 33 000–40 000 K and surface gravities ∼ 5.7–6.0 (13 ± 3%), as well as single-lined sdO/B stars with Teff ∼ 45 000–70 000 K (10 ± 7%). Single-lined hot subdwarfs with Teff ∼ 35 000–45 000 K located above the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) show a similar RV-variability fraction of 34 ± 9% as single-lined sdB stars at about 25 000–33 000 K. The largest RV-variability fraction of 51 ± 8% is found in single-lined hot subdwarfs below the canonical EHB. The detected RV-variability fraction of our composite hot subdwarfs with an infrared excess in their spectral energy distributions is 9 ± 3%, which is lower than that fraction of single-lined hot subdwarfs. Since the average RV uncertainty we measured in the LAMOST spectra is about 7.0 km/s, the lower detected RV-variability fraction for composite hot subdwarfs is expected because the RV amplitudes associated with long-period systems are lower.
Conclusions. The results here are generally consistent with the canonical binary evolution channels for forming hot subdwarfs. Most single-lined He-rich hot subdwarfs may form through merger channels, while the stable Roche-lobe overflow channel could play an important role in the formation of composite hot subdwarfs. Single-lined hot subdwarfs with Teff ∼ 35 000–45 000 K located above the EHB may have an evolutionary connection to the sdB stars at about 25 000–33 000 K. The different detected RV-variability fractions for the different subclasses of single-lined hot subdwarfs indicate that their formation channels may differ.
Giant exoplanet composition
Authors: Howard S. , Helled R. , Müller S. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Revealing the internal composition and structure of giant planets is fundamental for understanding planetary formation. However, the bulk composition can only be inferred through interior models. As a result, advancements in modelling aspects are essential to better characterise the interiors of giant planets.
Aims. We investigate the effects of model assumptions such as the interior structure and the hydrogen–helium (H–He) equation of state (EOS) on the inferred interiors of giant exoplanets.
Methods. We first assessed these effects on a few test cases and compared H–He EOSs. We then calculated evolution models and inferred the planetary bulk metallicity of 45 warm exoplanets, ranging from 0.1 to 10 MJ.
Results. Planets with masses between about 0.2 and 0.6 MJ are most sensitive to the H–He EOS. Using a H–He EOS that properly models the warm dense matter regime reduces the inferred heavy-element mass, with an absolute difference in bulk metallicity of up to 13%. Concentrating heavy elements in a core, rather than distributing them uniformly (and scaling opacities with metallicity), reduces the inferred metallicity (up to 17%). The assumed internal structure, along with its effect on the envelope opacity, has the greatest effect on the inferred composition of massive planets (Mp > 4 MJ). For Mp > 0.6 MJ, the observational uncertainties on radii and ages lead to uncertainties in the inferred metallicity (up to 31%) that are larger than the ones associated with the used H–He EOS and the assumed interior structure. However, for planets with 0.2 < Mp < 0.6 MJ, the theoretical uncertainties are larger.
Conclusions. Advancements in EOSs and our understanding of giant planet interior structures combined with accurate measurements of the planetary radius and age are crucial for characterising giant exoplanets.
Bericht aus der Praxis – 12 Jahre ärztliche Adipositas-Nachsorge mit
dem Online-Portal rehasonanz.de. Bessere Langzeitergebnisse seit Einführung
eines zusätzlichen Typ-2-Diabetes-Risikoscreenings
Authors: Gesser Udo , Asmussen Marten 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit Anfang 2010 befindet sich das wissenschaftlich evaluierte
online-Nachsorgeportal für adipöse Patientinnen und Patienten (rehasonanz.de) in
der klinischen Anwendung. Folgend einer 3-wöchigen Schulungsphase im Rahmen
eines stationären Eltern-Kind Heilverfahrens wurden bislang 1519 Patientinnen
bis Oktober 2023 für 1 Jahr ärztlich nachbetreut. Seit Anfang 2017 wurde,
fokussierend auf Typ-2-Diabetes (DM2) Prävention im Rahmen des stationären
Aufenthaltes, die Diagnostik um ein Diabetes-Screening mit dem
FINDRISK-Fragebogen, sowie der Bestimmung der Nüchtern Plasma Glukose und des
HbA1c erweitert. Die DM2-Screening-Gruppe zeigt bessere Ergebnisse hinsichtlich
der 1-Jahres Adhärenz (18% vs. 26%) sowie der Gewichtsreduktion (6,8% vs. 8.8%).
Subgruppen mit moderat bis hohem Diabetes Risiko nach FINDRISK, sowie
Patientinnen, bei denen im Rahmen der Labordiagnostik eine gestörte
Glukosetoleranz erstmals dokumentiert wurde, zeigten noch darüberhinausgehende
Verbesserungen der Ergebnisse. Es ist zu vermuten, dass die Bewusstmachung des
persönlichen Risikoprofils bezüglich DM2 bzw. seiner Vorstufe positive Effekte
im Hinblick auf Adhärenz und Gewichtsreduktion im Rahmen der Langzeit-Nachsorge
bei Adipositas hat.
Modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren zur Konsensfindung für die Konzeption eines bundesweiten Curriculums für minimalinvasive und roboterassistierte Chirurgie in Deutschland (GeRMIQ)
Authors: Huber Tobias , Weber Julia , Nickel Felix , Matthaei Hanno , von Bechtolsheim Felix , Flemming Sven , Fuchs Hans Friedrich , Grade Marian , Hummel Richard , Krautz Christian , Stockheim Jessica , Thomaschewski Michael , Wilhelm Dirk , Kalff Jörg C. 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie rasante Entwicklung der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie (MIS) und der roboterassistierten Chirurgie (RAS) erfordert eine standardisierte Weiterbildung, um eine qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung sicherzustellen. In Deutschland mangelt es bislang an einem einheitlichen Curriculum, das diese spezialisierten Fähigkeiten vermittelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Konsensfindung für die Entwicklung eines bundesweiten Curriculums für MIS und RAS mit der anschließenden Umsetzung der konsentierten Inhalte.Ein modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren wurde angewandt, um einen Konsens unter nationalen Expert*innen für MIS und RAS zu erzielen. Der Prozess umfasste eine Literaturrecherche, eine Onlineumfrage und eine Expertenkonferenz.Alle 12 eingeladenen Expert*innen nahmen an der Umfrage teil, erreichten primär in 73% und sekundär im Rahmen der Expertenkonferenz bei 95 von 122 Fragen (77,9%) einen Konsens. Die Präferenz für ein Basiscurriculum als Fundament, auf dem spezialisierte Module aufbauen können, wurde besonders deutlich. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Entwicklung eines integrierten Curriculums für MIS und RAS, das eine schrittweise Ausbildung vom theoretischen Wissen über E-Learning-Module bis hin zu praktischen Fertigkeiten in Dry-Lab-Simulationen und im OP beinhaltet. Betont wurde die Notwendigkeit, das klinische Urteilsvermögen und die Entscheidungsfindung durch gezieltes Assessment während der Lernkurve zu fördern, um eine effektive Anwendung der erlernten Fähigkeiten in der klinischen Praxis sicherzustellen. Einigkeit bestand auch darüber, dass die Ausbildungsinhalte anhand objektiver Leistungsbewertungen gemäß dem Prinzip der Proficiency-based Progression (PBP) auf den Kompetenzerwerb
der Lernenden abgestimmt werden müssen. Die kontinuierliche Aktualisierung des Curriculums, um es an den neuesten technologischen Stand anzupassen, wurde als wesentlich erachtet.Die Studie unterstreicht die dringende Notwendigkeit eines standardisierten Weiterbildungscurriculums für MIS und RAS in Deutschland, um die Patientensicherheit zu erhöhen und die Qualität der chirurgischen Versorgung zu verbessern. Für die Implementierung eines solchen Curriculums besteht ein breiter Expertenkonsens. Ein solches Curriculum zielt darauf ab, eine zeitgemäße und international konkurrenzfähige einheitliche Qualität der Ausbildung zu gewährleisten und die Attraktivität der chirurgischen Ausbildung zu steigern.
Improved outcomes of endoscopic treatment for delayed perforation following endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Kitagawa Daiki , Uedo Noriya , Hanaoka Noboru , Kanesaka Takashi , Tani Yasuhiro , Okubo Yuki , Asada Yuya , Ueda Tomoya , Kizawa Atsuko , Ninomiya Takehiro , Ando Yoshiaki , Tanabe Gentaro , Fujimoto Yuta , Hitoshi Mori , Kato Minoru , Yoshii Shunsuke , Shichijo Satoki , Yamamoto Sachiko , Higashino Koji , Michida Tomoki , Ishihara Ryu , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEmergency surgery is usually required for patients with delayed perforation after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, cases of successful endoscopic treatment recently have been reported. Here, we elucidated the usefulness of endoscopic intervention for patients with delayed perforation.Patients who underwent gastric ESD from 2005 to 2022 were assessed for eligibility. Delayed perforation was defined as no intraprocedural perforation after the ESD but subsequent development of peritoneal irritation and free air on computed tomography scan. Participants were divided into early- and late-period groups based on time (October 2015) of implementation of the polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) in clinical practice. We evaluated changes in incidence of required surgery.Among the 5,048 patients who underwent gastric ESD, delayed perforation occurred in 28 patients (0.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4%-0.8%). Incidence of delayed perforation did not differ significantly between the early- and late-period groups (0.5% vs. 0.6%). The proportion of patients who underwent surgery was significantly smaller in the late-period group than in the early-period group (54% vs. 13%, odds ratio [OR] 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.83; P = 0.042); this was confirmed by multivariate analysis (adjusted OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.002–0.9; P = 0.043) after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson’s comorbidity index, tumor location, and size.Endoscopic intervention using PGA sheets and OTSC was associated with a low incidence of required surgery for delayed perforation after gastric ESD and is recommended.
Apps zur Gewichtsreduktion: Qualität, Nutzen, Empfehlungen
Authors: Holzapfel Christina 
Published: December 2024

SummaryDigitalisierung spielt zunehmend auch in der Prävention und Therapie von Adipositas eine Rolle. Vor allem nutzen Betroffene mobile Applikationen (Apps), die sich mit den Elementen Ernährung, Bewegung und Verhalten beschäftigen und unterschiedliche Funktionen wie Selbstbeobachtung, Zielsetzung, Feedback und Edukation aufweisen. Generell ist zwischen Lifestyle-Apps, Digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) und digitalen Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsangeboten zu unterscheiden. Die Studienlage bezüglich der Wirksamkeit von digitalen Interventionen auf das Körpergewicht ist sowohl limitiert als auch heterogen. Zudem fehlt es vor allem an Langzeitdaten. Für DiGAs sowie im Rahmen von systematischen übersichtsarbeiten und Meta-Analysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass App-basierte Interventionen einen moderaten Gewichtsreduktionseffekt aufweisen, der vergleichbar mit dem Effekt von "face-to-face"-Interventionen ist. Zugleich deutet die Datenlage darauf hin, dass vor allem eine Kombination aus digitalen Interventionen und persönlicher Verhaltensintervention vielversprechend ist. Die detaillierte Untersuchung der Effektivität, aber auch der Vor- und Nachteile von Gesundheits-Apps sowie deren zielgruppenspezifischer Einsatz ist aktueller Forschungsgegenstand.
Digitale Transformation im Krankenhaus: der Mensch im Zentrum des Wandels
Authors: Liebert Elisabeth , Bures Dominik , Ruoff Pia , Sander Jil 
Published: December 2024

SummaryDie Integration von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Krankenhauswesen bietet große Chancen zur Effizienzsteigerung und Qualitätsverbesserung in der Versorgung von Patient*innen. Sie birgt aber auch Herausforderungen, wie die Bereitstellung von hochwertigen, repräsentativen Daten, um die Technologie anzulernen. Projekte wie SmartHospital.NRW zeigen, wie KI-basierte Systeme den Klinikalltag durch (Teil-)Automatisierung, z.?B. bei der Erstellung von Entlassbriefen oder in Form von Assistenzsystemen, verbessern können. Instrumente wie der KI-Readiness-Check unterstützen Kliniken bei der Transformation. Ziel ist es, die Idee vom Krankenhaus der Zukunft zu verwirklichen, das durch KI sowohl effizienter als auch menschlicher wird, indem es mehr Raum für direkte Interaktion mit den Patient*innen schafft und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten und Patientinnen, der Angehörigen und des Personals erhöht.
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Carcinoma: Exploring the Coexistence of Differentiated and Dedifferentiated Anaplastic Elements—Critical Insights from a Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Das Aditi , Thakur Ajay Singh , Meshram Wahne Abhilasha , Agrawal P. C. , Sridhar Aarti 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUndifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare thyroid malignancy, constituting <2% of all thyroid carcinomas. It is an aggressive tumor, manifesting as a rapidly growing neck mass with compressive symptoms. Given that ATC often arises from dedifferentiation of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC), it is also possible that WDTC and ATC elements coexist, necessitating a clear distinction between WDTC with anaplastic transformation and pure ATC, due to significant differences in prognosis and treatment. Emphasizing the significance of cytological evaluation, particularly with the assistance of fine-needle aspiration, we present three cases that underscore the importance of timely detection for achieving precise diagnoses and guiding subsequent management decisions.
Eco-Friendly Medical Conferences: From Principle to Practice
Authors: Koikkara Kirti Anna , Pendharkar Hima , Irodi Aparna , Nair Rohit Puthan Veettil , Yadav Nishtha , Chellathurai Amarnath , Keshava Shyamkumar N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe large number of medical conferences held per year has a significant impact on the environment. Climate change and global warming then lead to deleterious effects on human health. We aim to highlight that it is our responsibility as doctors to promote eco-friendly events and encourage sustainable practices, thus reducing harm to our environment. Management committees of conferences can take a few steps toward this with specific planning and effort. In this study, possible steps toward achieving this goal have been highlighted, such as conducting hybrid events, locally sourcing products, and avoiding single-use plastic.