bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates
Authors: Junker Jessica , Petrovan Silviu O , Arroyo-RodrÍguez Victor , Boonratana Ramesh , Byler Dirck , Chapman Colin A , Chetry Dilip , Cheyne Susan M , Cornejo Fanny M , CortÉs-Ortiz Liliana , Cowlishaw Guy , Christie Alec P , Crockford Catherine , Torre Stella De La , De Melo Fabiano R , Fan P , Grueter Cyril C , GuzmÁn-Caro Diana C , Heymann Eckhard W , Herbinger Ilka , Hoang Minh D , Horwich Robert H , Humle Tatyana , Ikemeh Rachel A , Imong Inaoyom S , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Johnson Steig E , Kappeler Peter M , Kierulff Maria CecÍlia M , KonÉ Inza , Kormos Rebecca , Le Khac Q , Li Baoguo , Marshall Andrew J , Meijaard Erik , Mittermeier Russel A , Muroyama Yasuyuki , Neugebauer Eleonora , Orth Lisa , Palacios Erwin , Papworth Sarah K , Plumptre Andrew J , Rawson Ben M , Refisch Johannes , Ratsimbazafy Jonah , Roos Christian , Setchell Joanna M , Smith Rebecca K , Sop Tene , Schwitzer Christoph , Slater Kathy , Strum Shirley C , Sutherland William J , Talebi MaurÍcio , Wallis Janette , Wich Serge , Williamson Elizabeth A , Wittig Roman M , KÜhl Hjalmar S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThreats to biodiversity are well documented. However, to effectively conserve species and their habitats, we need to know which conservation interventions do (or do not) work. Evidence-based conservation evaluates interventions within a scientific framework. The Conservation Evidence project has summarized thousands of studies testing conservation interventions and compiled these as synopses for various habitats and taxa. In the present article, we analyzed the interventions assessed in the primate synopsis and compared these with other taxa. We found that despite intensive efforts to study primates and the extensive threats they face, less than 1% of primate studies evaluated conservation effectiveness. The studies often lacked quantitative data, failed to undertake postimplementation monitoring of populations or individuals, or implemented several interventions at once. Furthermore, the studies were biased toward specific taxa, geographic regions, and interventions. We describe barriers for testing primate conservation interventions and propose actions to improve the conservation evidence base to protect this endangered and globally important taxon.
A Pilot Programme to Facilitate the Use of Mental Health Treatment Requirements: Professional Stakeholders’ Experiences
Authors: Molyneaux Emma , Vera San Juan Norha , Brown Penelope , Lloyd-Evans Bryn , Oram Sian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mental Health Treatment Requirements (MHTRs) have been available in England and Wales since 2005 but are rarely used, despite high rates of mental health problems amongst offenders. In 2018, a new protocol to facilitate the use of MHTRs was piloted in five sites in England. Aims: Understanding the experiences of professional stakeholders and identify barriers to use MHTRs. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with thirty-eight professional stakeholders and thematic analysis applied. Results: Interviewees were positive about the content and implementation of the new protocol. Interviewees described key benefits as increasing options in community sentencing, addressing a gap in service provision and facilitating offenders’ access to other services. Challenges described, included multi-agency working, sustainability of funding and the range and complexity of needs of offenders receiving MHTRs and the variation in their motivation to engage. Success factors described were having a strong steering group, staff dedicated to the project and being able to provide a broad range of support to meet offender needs. Conclusion: The MHTR pilot protocol was generally well-received and appeared to address previous barriers to the use of MHTRs. Future work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of MHTRs and the experience of offenders who receive them.
Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding
Authors: Hill Paul F , King Danielle R , Rugg Michael D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Age-related reductions in neural selectivity have been linked to cognitive decline. We examined whether age differences in the strength of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement could be explained by analogous differences in neural selectivity at encoding, and whether reinstatement was associated with memory performance in an age-dependent or an age-independent manner. Young and older adults underwent fMRI as they encoded words paired with images of faces or scenes. During a subsequent scanned memory test participants judged whether test words were studied or unstudied and, for words judged studied, also made a source memory judgment about the associated image category. Using multi-voxel pattern similarity analyses, we identified robust evidence for reduced scene reinstatement in older relative to younger adults. This decline was however largely explained by age differences in neural differentiation at encoding; moreover, a similar relationship between neural selectivity at encoding and retrieval was evident in young participants. The results suggest that, regardless of age, the selectivity with which events are neurally processed at the time of encoding can determine the strength of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement.
Binding of Dopamine D1 Receptor and Noradrenaline Transporter in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A PET Study
Authors: Kubota Manabu , Fujino Junya , Tei Shisei , Takahata Keisuke , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Tagai Kenji , Sano Yasunori , Yamamoto Yasuharu , Shimada Hitoshi , Takado Yuhei , Seki Chie , Itahashi Takashi , Aoki Yuta Y , Ohta Haruhisa , Hashimoto Ryu-ichiro , Zhang Ming-Rong , Suhara Tetsuya , Nakamura Motoaki , Takahashi Hidehiko , Kato Nobumasa , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested the involvement of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurotransmissions in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology, few studies have examined these neurotransmissions in individuals with ASD in vivo. Here, we investigated DA D1 receptor (D1R) and noradrenaline transporter (NAT) binding in adults with ASD (n = 18) and neurotypical controls (n = 20) by utilizing two different PET radioligands, [11C]SCH23390 and (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2, respectively. We found no significant group differences in DA D1R (striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex) or NAT (thalamus and pons) binding. However, in the ASD group, there were significant negative correlations between DA D1R binding (striatum, anterior cingulate cortex and temporal cortex) and the “attention to detail” subscale score of the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between DA D1R binding (temporal cortex) and emotion perception ability assessed by the neurocognitive battery. Associations of NAT binding with empathic abilities and executive function were found in controls, but were absent in the ASD group. Although a lack of significant group differences in binding might be partly due to the heterogeneity of ASD, our results indicate that central DA and NA function might play certain roles in the clinical characteristics of ASD.
Integrative Genomic Enrichment Analysis Identified the Brain Regions and Development Stages Related to Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Qi Xin , Liang Chujun , Zhang Lu , Ma Mei , Li Ping , Liu Li , Cheng Shiqiang , Yao Yao , Chu Xiaomeng , Ye Jing , Wen Yan , Jia Yumeng , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur aim is to explore the spatial and temporal features of anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) considering different brain regions and development stages. The gene sets related to 16 brain regions and nine development stages were obtained from a brain spatial and temporal transcriptomic dataset. Using the genome-wide association study data, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted to identify the genes whose imputed expressions were associated with AN and OCD, respectively. The mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by GEO2R to obtain differentially expressed genes. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to detect the spatial and temporal features related to AN and OCD using the TWAS and mRNA expression analysis results. We observed multiple common association signals shared by TWAS and mRNA expression analysis of AN, such as the primary auditory cortex vs. cerebellar cortex in fetal development and earlier vs. later fetal development in the somatosensory cortex. For OCD, we also detected multiple common association signals, such as medial prefrontal cortex vs. amygdala in adulthood and fetal development vs. infancy in mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus. Our study provides novel clues for describing the spatial and temporal features of brain development in the pathogenesis of AN and OCD.
Implications of Test Characteristics and Population Seroprevalence on “Immune Passport” Strategies
Authors: Larremore Daniel B , Bubar Kate M , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious forms of “immune passports” or “antibody certificates” are being considered in conversations around reopening economies after periods of social distancing. A critique of such programs focuses on the uncertainty around whether seropositivity means immunity from repeat infection. However, an additional important consideration is that the low positive predictive value of serological tests in the setting of low population seroprevalence and imperfect test specificity will lead to many false-positive passport holders. Here, we pose a simple question: how many false-positive passports could be issued while maintaining herd immunity in the workforce? Answering this question leads to a simple mathematical formula for the minimum requirements of serological tests for a passport program, which depend on the population prevalence and the value of the basic reproductive number, R0. Our work replaces speculation in the press with rigorous analysis, and will need to be considered in policy decisions that are based on individual and population serology results.
Lessons From Mass-Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Elderly in San Francisco
Authors: Louie Janice K , Scott Hyman M , DuBois Amie , Sturtz Natalya , Lu Wendy , Stoltey Juliet , Masinde Godfred , Cohen Stephanie , Sachdev Darpun , Philip Susan , Bobba Naveena , Aragon Tomas ,   San Francisco Department of Public Health COVID-19 Skilled Nursing Facility Outbreak Response Team, Robin Allen-Contreras , Sabrina Alonso , Nicole Copeland , Adam Corona , George Lee , Kaylene Lemen , Melissa Ongpin , Lisa Watson , Sheilah Zarate 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause significant mortality in the elderly in long-term care facilities (LTCF). We describe 4 LTCF outbreaks where mass testing identified a high proportion of asymptomatic infections (4%–41% in healthcare workers and 20%–75% in residents), indicating that symptom-based screening alone is insufficient for monitoring for COVID-19 transmission.
Improving the Delivery of Chronic Opioid Therapy Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Samet Jeffrey H , Tsui Judith I , Cheng Debbie M , Liebschutz Jane M , Lira Marlene C , Walley Alexander Y , Colasanti Jonathan A , Forman Leah S , Root Christin , Shanahan Christopher W , Sullivan Margaret M , Bridden Carly L , Abrams Catherine , Harris Catherine , Outlaw Kishna , Armstrong Wendy S , del Rio Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain is prevalent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH); managing pain with chronic opioid therapy (COT) is common. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) providers often diverge from prescribing guidelines.

Methods
This 2-arm, unblinded, cluster-randomized clinical trial assessed whether the Targeting Effective Analgesia in Clinics for HIV (TEACH) intervention improves guideline-concordant care compared to usual care for PLWH on COT. The trial was implemented from 2015 to 2018 with 12-month follow-up at safety-net hospital–based HIV clinics in Boston and Atlanta. We enrolled 41 providers and their 187 patients on COT. Prescribers were randomized 1:1 to either a 12-month intervention consisting of a nurse care manager with an interactive electronic registry, opioid education, academic detailing, and access to addiction specialists or a control condition consisting of usual care. Two primary outcomes were assessed through electronic medical records: ≥2 urine drug tests and any early COT refills by 12 months. Other outcomes included possible adverse consequences.

Results
At 12 months, the TEACH intervention arm had higher odds of ≥2 urine drug tests than the usual care arm (71% vs 20%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 13.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.85–30.60]; P &lt; .0001). We did not detect a statistically significant difference in early refills (22% vs 30%; AOR, 0.55 [95% CI, .26–1.15]; P = .11), pain severity (6.30 vs 5.76; adjusted mean difference, 0.10 [95% CI, −1.56 to 1.75]; P = .91), or HIV viral load suppression (86.9% vs 82.1%; AOR, 1.21 [95% CI, .47–3.09]; P = .69).

Conclusions
TEACH is a promising intervention to improve adherence to COT guidelines without evident adverse consequences.
Parainfluenza Virus Types 1–3 Infections Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Howard Leigh M , Edwards Kathryn M , Zhu Yuwei , Williams Derek J , Self Wesley H , Jain Seema , Ampofo Krow , Pavia Andrew T , Arnold Sandra R , McCullers Jonathan A , Anderson Evan J , Wunderink Richard G , Grijalva Carlos G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections. Although there are several distinct PIV serotypes, few studies have compared the clinical characteristics and severity of infection among the individual PIV serotypes and between PIV and other pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.MethodsWe conducted active population-based surveillance for radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations among children and adults in 8 US hospitals with systematic collection of clinical data and respiratory, blood, and serological specimens for pathogen detection. We compared clinical features of PIV-associated pneumonia among individual serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and among all PIV infections with other viral, atypical, and bacterial pneumonias. We also compared in-hospital disease severity among groups employing an ordinal scale (mild, moderate, severe) using multivariable proportional odds regression.ResultsPIV was more commonly detected in children (155/2354; 6.6%) than in adults (66/2297; 2.9%) (P &lt; .001). Other pathogens were commonly co-detected among PIV cases (110/221; 50%). Clinical features of PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3 infections were similar to one another in both children and adults with pneumonia. In multivariable analysis, children with PIV-associated pneumonia exhibited similar severity to children with other nonbacterial pneumonia, whereas children with bacterial pneumonia exhibited increased severity (odds ratio, 8.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–37.80). In adults, PIV-associated pneumonia exhibited similar severity to other pneumonia pathogens.ConclusionsClinical features did not distinguish among infection with individual PIV serotypes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. However, in children, PIV pneumonia was less severe than bacterial pneumonia.
Development of Label-Free Immunoassays as Novel Solutions for the Measurement of Monoclonal Antibody Drugs and Antidrug Antibodies
Authors: Luo Yiqi Ruben , Chakraborty Indrani , Lazar-Molnar Eszter , Wu Alan H B , Lynch Kara L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Immunoassays based on label-free technologies (label-free immunoassay [LFIA]) offer an innovative approach to clinical diagnostics and demonstrate great promise for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. An LFIA measures immunocomplex formation in real time and allows for quantification on initial binding rate, which facilitates fast measurement within a few minutes.

Methods
Based on thin-film interferometry (TFI) technology, open-access LFIAs were developed for the quantification of the mAb drugs adalimumab (ADL) and infliximab (IFX) and for the detection of the antidrug antibodies (ADAs) to the mAb drugs (ADL-ADAs and IFX-ADAs).

Results
The LFIAs for active mAb drugs (ADL and IFX) and for ADAs (ADL-ADAs and IFX-ADAs) were validated. The analytical measurement range (AMR) for both ADL and IFX was from 2 to 100 μg/mL. The AMR for ADL-ADAs was from 5 to 100 μg/mL and for IFX-ADAs was 10 to 100 μg/mL. In the comparison of LFIAs and reporter gene assays, the correlation coefficient was 0.972 for the quantification of ADL and 0.940 for the quantification of IFX. The concordance rate was 90% for the detection of ADL-ADAs and 76% for the detection of IFX-ADAs.

Conclusions
The LFIAs for active mAb drugs and ADAs were appropriate for the TDM of ADL and IFX. The TFI technology has unique advantages compared with other technologies used for the measurement of mAb drugs. Label-free technologies, especially those allowing for open-access LFIAs, have great potential for clinical diagnostics.
Association Between Elevated suPAR, a New Biomarker of Inflammation, and Accelerated Aging
Authors: Rasmussen Line Jee Hartmann , Caspi Avshalom , Ambler Antony , Danese Andrea , Elliott Maxwell , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Hariri Ahmad R , Harrington HonaLee , Houts Renate , Poulton Richie , Ramrakha Sandhya , Sugden Karen , Williams Benjamin , Moffitt Terrie E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
To understand and measure the association between chronic inflammation, aging, and age-related diseases, broadly applicable standard biomarkers of systemic chronic inflammation are needed. We tested whether elevated blood levels of the emerging chronic inflammation marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were associated with accelerated aging, lower functional capacity, and cognitive decline.

Methods
We used data from the Dunedin Study, a population-representative 1972–1973 New Zealand birth cohort (n = 1037) that has observed participants to age 45 years. Plasma suPAR levels were analyzed at ages 38 and 45 years. We performed regression analyses adjusted for sex, smoking, C-reactive protein, and current health conditions.

Results
Of 997 still-living participants, 875 (88%) had plasma suPAR measured at age 45. Elevated suPAR was associated with accelerated pace of biological aging across multiple organ systems, older facial appearance, and with structural signs of older brain age. Moreover, participants with higher suPAR levels had greater decline in physical function and cognitive function from childhood to adulthood compared to those with lower suPAR levels. Finally, improvements in health habits between ages 38 and 45 (smoking cessation or increased physical activity) were associated with less steep increases in suPAR levels over those years.

Conclusions
Our findings provide initial support for the utility of suPAR in studying the role of chronic inflammation in accelerated aging and functional decline.
Epigenetic hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration are recapitulated in a photosensitive mouse model
Authors: Luu Jennings , Kallestad Les , Hoang Thanh , Lewandowski Dominik , Dong Zhiqian , Blackshaw Seth , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder and a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration in the central retina, disease progression involves epigenetic changes in chromatin accessibility resulting from environmental exposures and chronic stress. Here, we report that a photosensitive mouse model of acute stress-induced photoreceptor degeneration recapitulates the epigenetic hallmarks of human AMD. Global epigenomic profiling was accomplished by employing an Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using Sequencing (ATAC-Seq), which revealed an association between decreased chromatin accessibility and stress-induced photoreceptor cell death in our mouse model. The epigenomic changes induced by light damage include reduced euchromatin and increased heterochromatin abundance, resulting in transcriptional and translational dysregulation that ultimately drives photoreceptor apoptosis and an inflammatory reactive gliosis in the retina. Of particular interest, pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) and suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2), key histone-modifying enzymes involved in promoting reduced chromatin accessibility, ameliorated light damage in our mouse model, supporting a causal link between decreased chromatin accessibility and photoreceptor degeneration, thereby elucidating a potential new therapeutic strategy to combat AMD.
Quality in practice: applying the patient inventory method at a Danish psychiatric hospital
Authors: Hermansen Sabina Bay , Holmskov Jens , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Mainz Jan , Knudsen Søren Valgreen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Quality problem
Patient care pathways should be organized according to the needs of the patients. This requires methods to assess whether the specific pathways ensure the right care for the right person at the right time and in the right setting.

Initial assessment
Previous investigations indicate that ~25% of the patients in Danish hospitals experience inappropriate elements in their care pathways.

Choice of solution
This study applied the Patient Inventory method to identify inappropriate elements in care pathways in 15 psychiatric in-patient wards in Denmark.

Implementation
The pathway for 201 patients was systematically evaluated by the clinical staff to identify whether the admission of the patient was avoidable, the hospitalization was unnecessarily prolonged or if the patient could receive more relevant treatment elsewhere. A subsequent meeting between the clinical staff and management qualified the assessment and identified possible solutions to problems.

Evaluation
A total of 54 (26.9%) of the included patients were assessed to have inappropriate elements in their care pathways, some with more than one type, resulting in a total of 65 episodes.
Eight of these episodes (13.1%) were admissions considered to be avoidable, 26 (42.2%) were unnecessary prolongation of admissions, and 31 (58.1%) were patients assessed to be able to receive more relevant care elsewhere.

Lessons learned
One out of four assessed patients admitted to a psychiatric ward was exposed to an inappropriate element in their care pathway. The Patient Inventory tool can assist in a structured dialogue between clinical staff and management to identify focus areas for improvement efforts.
I Own, So I Help Out: How Psychological Ownership Increases Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Jami Ata , Kouchaki Maryam , Gino Francesca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores the consequences of psychological ownership going beyond the specific relationship with the possession to guide behavior in unrelated situations. Across seven studies, we find that psychological ownership leads to a boost in self-esteem, which encourages individuals to be more altruistic. In addition, we show that the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial behavior is not driven by self-efficacy, perceived power, reciprocity, feeling well-off, or affect. Examining materialism and mine-me sensitivity as individual differences moderating the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial behavior, we find that the effect does not hold for individuals low on materialism or mine-me sensitivity. Finally, we attenuate the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial tendencies by making the negative attributes of one’s possessions relevant.