bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of semiparametric tests for fractional cointegration
Authors: Leschinski Christian , Voges Michelle , Sibbertsen Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are various competing procedures to determine whether fractional cointegration is present in a multivariate time series, but no standard approach has emerged. We provide a synthesis of this literature and conduct a detailed comparative Monte Carlo study to guide empirical researchers in their choice of appropriate methodologies. Special attention is paid on empirically relevant issues such as assumptions about the form of the underlying process and the ability of the procedures to distinguish between short-run correlation and long-run equilibria. It is found that several approaches are severely oversized in presence of correlated short-run components and that the methods show different performance in terms of power when applied to common-component models instead of triangular systems.
Four Theses about Self-Consciousness and Bodily Experience: Descartes, Kant, Locke, and Merleau-Ponty
Authors: BERMÚDEZ JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article evaluates the following four theses about bodily experience and self-consciousness: Descartes's thesis (bodily experience is a form of self-consciousness); Kant's thesis (nothing can count as a genuine form of self-consciousness unless it is consciousness of oneself as a subject); Locke's thesis (in bodily experience we are presented with ourselves as physical objects); and Merleau-Ponty's thesis (the way we encounter ourselves in bodily experience is fundamentally different from how we encounter non-bodily physical objects in outward-directed, exteroceptive perception). I argue that they are all true.
Some Kind of Right
Authors: Mathews Jud 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Right to Be Forgotten II crystallizes one lesson from Europe’s rights revolution: persons should be able to call on some kind of right to protect their important interests whenever those interests are threatened under the law. Which rights instrument should be deployed, and by what court, become secondary concerns. The decision doubtless involves some self-aggrandizement by the German Federal Constitutional Court (GFCC), which asserts for itself a new role in protecting European fundamental rights, but it is no criticism of the Right to Be Forgotten II to say that it advances the GFCC’s role in European governance, so long as the decision also makes sense in the context of the European and German law. I argue that it does, for a specific reason. The Right to Be Forgotten II represents a sensible approach to managing the complex pluralism of the legal environment in which Germany and other EU member states find themselves.
Backlash against the Court of Justice of the EU? The Recent Jurisprudence of the German Constitutional Court on EU Fundamental Rights as a Standard of Review
Authors: Burchardt Dana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article discusses two landmark judgements by the German Federal Constitutional Court (CC) on the relationship between domestic and EU fundamental rights protection (Right to be forgotten I and II). In these judgements, for the first time, the CC uses EU fundamental rights as a standard of review. In addition, the CC establishes a novel framework of “parallel applicability” of EU and domestic fundamental rights for subject matters that are not fully harmonized by EU law. The article first presents the new approach, showing that it structurally changes the parameters of the relationship between the CC and the CJEU. Second, the article assesses the legal-political tendency reflected in this change: is this constructive dialogue or rather pushback against the CJEU? The article argues that this new jurisprudence should be characterized as an instance of resistance. The CC resists against the CJEU in its function as fundamental rights court, attempting to reduce the authority of the CJEU and reversing a development that it considered to be unfavourable to its own authority. This is structural pushback aimed at the CJEU’s function rather than at individual decisions or norms - however, without rejection the CJEU as an institution altogether.
The Constitutional Status of Karlsruhe’s Novel “Jurisdiction” in EU Fundamental Rights Matters: Self-inflicted Institutional Vulnerabilities
Authors: Schneider Karsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe First Senate of the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has recently introduced the express promise that where EU fundamental rights take precedence over German fundamental rights, the Court itself could directly review, on the basis of EU fundamental rights, the application of EU law by German authorities. There are, however, differences between the Basic Law as the relevant standard of review and other standards of review that are dangerous to ignore. The constitutional status of the FCC’s jurisdiction depends crucially on whether the Court relies on the constitution or on EU fundamental rights. If the constitutional status of the novel jurisdiction covered any binding-effect, and that is a big if, the FCC still would not safeguard the unity and coherence of Union law. Leaving aside the fact that the First Senate is confined to reversing and remanding (unable to enforce anything directly), no beneficial effect on legal certainty grows apparent. Any binding-effect of the novel jurisdiction only provides for consistency without finality. And to venture further into the question: Even if anyone welcomed this novel kind of consistency without finality (virtually “provisional consistency”), this oddish consistency would still be a localized consistency, i.e. in German courts only.
Ambivalent Relationships: The Portuguese State and the Indian Nationals in Mozambique in the Aftermath of the Goa Crisis, 1961–1971
Authors: Trovão Susana , Araújo Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrounded in written historical records and oral sources, this exploratory article addresses the Portuguese policy that targeted Indian nationals settled in Mozambique in the aftermath of the liberation/occupation of Portuguese India in December 1961. It equally tackles the views, concerns, and responses developed by Indian nationals to cope with their confinement in internment camps, frozen assets, seizures and liquidation, and deportation. The analysis evinces the inbuilt ambivalence in the way Portuguese colonial authorities constructed the internment of Indian nationals as humanitarian and protective measures, while displaying their dispossession and repatriation as harsh retaliatory political measures, at odds with the purported political and legal principles of colonial governance based on Portuguese Luso-tropical exceptionalism. The differentiated impact of such political measures, far from being univocal and uncompromising, is discussed as marred by innumerable contradictions resulting from the Portuguese economic vulnerability and dependence on Indian subaltern elites in Mozambique. Furthermore, the article presents a particular analytical sensitivity to the ambivalence surrounding the modes in which men and women of Indian origin related to Portuguese colonial power and responded to its governance.
Estimating parameters associated with monotone properties
Authors: Hoppen Carlos , Kohayakawa Yoshiharu , Lang Richard , Lefmann Hanno , Stagni Henrique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere has been substantial interest in estimating the value of a graph parameter, i.e. of a real-valued function defined on the set of finite graphs, by querying a randomly sampled substructure whose size is independent of the size of the input. Graph parameters that may be successfully estimated in this way are said to be testable or estimable, and the sample complexity qz = qz(ε) of an estimable parameter z is the size of a random sample of a graph G required to ensure that the value of z(G) may be estimated within an error of ε with probability at least 2/3. In this paper, for any fixed monotone graph property $\mathcal{P}= \text{Forb}\!(\mathcal{F}),$ we study the sample complexity of estimating a bounded graph parameter z that, for an input graph G, counts the number of spanning subgraphs of G that satisfy$\mathcal{P}$. To improve upon previous upper bounds on the sample complexity, we show that the vertex set of any graph that satisfies a monotone property $\mathcal{P}$ may be partitioned equitably into a constant number of classes in such a way that the cluster graph induced by the partition is not far from satisfying a natural weighted graph generalization of $\mathcal{P}$. Properties for which this holds are said to be recoverable, and the study of recoverable properties may be of independent interest.
Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material
Authors: Smith Albert D. , Donoghue Jack M. , Garner Alistair J. W. , Lunt David , Harte Allan , Wilford Keith , Withers Philip J. , Preuss Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProton irradiation is often used as a proxy for neutron irradiation but the irradiated layer is typically <50 μm deep; this presents a problem when trying to obtain mechanical test data as a function of irradiation level. Two novel methodologies have been developed to record stress-strain curves for thin proton-irradiated surface layers of SA-508-4N ferritic steel. In the first case, in-situ loading experiments are carried out using a combination of X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation on the near surface region in order to measure stress and strain, thereby eliminating the influence of the non-irradiated volume. The second approach is to manufacture small-scale tensile specimens containing only the proton irradiated volume but approaching the smallest representative volume of the material. This is achieved by high-speed focused ion beam (FIB) milling though the application of a Xe+ Plasma-FIB (PFIB). It is demonstrated that both techniques are capable of recording the early stage of uniaxial flow behaviour of the irradiated material with sufficient accuracy providing a measure of irradiation-induced shift of yield strength, strain hardening and tensile strength.
Impact of molasses and microbial inoculants on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal microbiomes of barley silage
Authors: Liu Beiyi , Yang Zhiqing , Huan Hailin , Gu Hongru , Xu Nengxiang , Ding Chenglong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of microbial inoculants (L) and molasses (M) on the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of barley silage after the aerobic stage. The addition of molasses and microbial inoculants improved the aerobic stability of barley silage. The ML silage, which had a low pH value and high lactic and acetic acid contents, remained aerobically stable for more than 216 h. The ML silage exhibited low bacterial and high fungal diversities. Microbial inoculants and molasses enriched the abundance of Lactobacillus in silage after aerobic exposure. The enrichment of L. buchneri was significant in ML silage at days 5 and 7 during the aerobic stage. The abundance of harmful microorganisms, such as aerobic bacterial including Acinetobacter, Providencia, Bacillus, and yeasts including Issatchenkia, Candida, and Kazachstania, were suppressed in ML silage. M and L had an impact on bacterial and fungal microbes, resulting in the improvement of fermentation quality and reduction of aerobic spoilage in barley silage.
RIPC provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by suppressing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Lv Jing , Guan Weikang , You Qiang , Deng Li , Zhu Yan , Guo Kan , Gao Xiaoqing , Kong Jiming , Yang Chaoxian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIschemic stroke is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can stimulate endogenous protection mechanisms by inducing ischemic tolerance to reduce subsequent damage caused by severe or fatal ischemia to non-ischemic organs. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic properties of RIPC in ischemic stroke and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Neurobehavioral function was evaluated with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test and gait analysis. PET/CT was used to detect the ischemic volume and level of glucose metabolism. The protein levels of cytochrome c oxidase-IV (COX-IV) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were tested by Western blotting. TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze apoptosis and to observe the nuclear translocation and colocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) in apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect mitochondrial-derived vesicle (MDV) production and to assess mitochondrial ultrastructure. The experimental results showed that RIPC exerted significant neuroprotective effects, as indicated by improvements in neurological dysfunction, reductions in ischemic volume, increases in glucose metabolism, inhibition of apoptosis, decreased nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG from mitochondria and improved MDV formation. In conclusion, RIPC alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
Methods in predictive techniques for mental health status on social media: a critical review
Authors: Chancellor Stevie , De Choudhury Munmun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSocial media is now being used to model mental well-being, and for understanding health outcomes. Computer scientists are now using quantitative techniques to predict the presence of specific mental disorders and symptomatology, such as depression, suicidality, and anxiety. This research promises great benefits to monitoring efforts, diagnostics, and intervention design for these mental health statuses. Yet, there is no standardized process for evaluating the validity of this research and the methods adopted in the design of these studies. We conduct a systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art in predicting mental health status using social media data, focusing on characteristics of the study design, methods, and research design. We find 75 studies in this area published between 2013 and 2018. Our results outline the methods of data annotation for mental health status, data collection and quality management, pre-processing and feature selection, and model selection and verification. Despite growing interest in this field, we identify concerning trends around construct validity, and a lack of reflection in the methods used to operationalize and identify mental health status. We provide some recommendations to address these challenges, including a list of proposed reporting standards for publications and collaboration opportunities in this interdisciplinary space.
Features of Quality Management in Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Alashbaieva Nursulu , Baigabulova Kulyash , Syrlybayeva Nazgul 
Published: March 2020

The main factor that determined the relevance of the author’s research is the need to continue and develop the processes of modernization in the healthcare economy, provided for in the framework of the state program of health development of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Densaulyk”, as well as the “ Strategy-2050. The article shows the significant changes affecting the increase in the provision of medical organizations with high-tech medical and diagnostic equipment, as well as the solution of issues related to their informatization through the introduction of medical information and analytical systems aimed at automating the main processes of medical activity. The authors prove that in order to achieve the highest efficiency and effectiveness of the functioning of medical organizations, it seems appropriate to introduce process-oriented quality management systems in healthcare, which are a synthesis of professional management and modern information technologies.
The objectives of the study in the study of the main aspects of quality management in healthcare organizations and the analysis of the quality management system are defined. On the basis of the study, the authors draw the appropriate conclusions.
Problems of Providing Publick Services: Comperative Legal Analysis
Authors: Useinova Gulnara , Saidumov Dzhambulat , Kusainov Duman , Tauekelov Nurlybek , Saidumov Marat 
Published: March 2020

The relevance of this article is due to several factors. These include: acceleration of digital modernization processes in Kazakhstan under the influence of global informatization leads to the transition to electronic document management; improving the efficiency of the Kazakh government through the introduction of information technology; the need to develop a state policy in the field of the application of new technologies in all spheres of life (NAO “State Corporation” Government for Citizens “); the need to accelerate the economic and political modernization of Kazakhstani society through the widespread use of information technology, as well as theoretical and practical interest in exploring the potential benefits of e-government and electronic document management.
The essence of the new stage of the administrative reform in Kazakhstan is reduced to a short formula - from administration to management. Demanding the efficiency and quality of the provision of public services should become the central point of government service policy.
Analysis of 11 Cases of Neonatal Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes Infection
Authors: Xie Yong-Ping , Hua Chun-Zhen , Yu Hui , Xu Hong-Mei , Gao Wei , Xu Zhi-Wei , Lin Ai-Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to improve the understanding of clinical characteristics of neonatal invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection (iSPI).
Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical and laboratory aspects of culture-confirmed neonatal iSPI cases during 2010 to 2017.
Results Eleven cases of neonatal iSPI were confirmed. The ages ranged from 2 hours to 26 days. Ten cases had positive blood culture results and one had positive cerebrospinal fluid culture for S. pyogenes. Seven patients had fever and seven had identified focal infection, including six skin and soft tissue infections and one case of pneumonia. All of the S. pyogenes strains were sensitive to penicillin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin, and nine were resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin. Six patients received penicillin or cephalosporin monotherapy. Three patients received meropenem plus vancomycin initially, and then two of them were switched to penicillin and one to vancomycin after pathogen identification. Two cases were treated with vancomycin monotherapy. All cases were discharged after being cured or showing improvement.
Conclusion Skin and soft tissue infection is a common manifestation of neonatal iSPI. Streptococcus pyogenes strains are highly sensitive to β-lactams, which should be used as the first-choice treatment.
Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals
Authors: Lemaître Jean-François , Ronget Victor , Tidière Morgane , Allainé Dominique , Berger Vérane , Cohas Aurélie , Colchero Fernando , Conde Dalia A. , Garratt Michael , Liker András , Marais Gabriel A. B. , Scheuerlein Alexander , Székely Tamás , Gaillard Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceIn human populations, women live longer than men. While it is commonly assumed that this pattern of long-lived females vs. short-lived males constitutes the rule in mammals, the magnitude of the sex differences in lifespan and increase of mortality rate with advancing age remain to be quantified. Here, we demonstrate that, in the wild, mammalian females live longer than males but we did not detect any sex differences in aging rates. Contrary to a widespread hypothesis, we reveal that sex differences in life history strategies do not detectably influence the magnitude of sex differences in either lifespan or aging rates. Instead, our findings suggest these differences are predominantly shaped by complex interactions between local environmental conditions and sex-specific reproductive costs.
Conditional antibody expression to avoid central B cell deletion in humanized HIV-1 vaccine mouse models
Authors: Tian Ming , McGovern Kelly , Cheng Hwei-Ling , Waddicor Peyton , Rieble Lisa , Dao Mai , Chen Yiwei , Kimble Michael T. , Cantor Elizabeth , Manfredonia Nicole , Judson Rachael , Chapdelaine-Williams Aimee , Cain Derek W. , Haynes Barton F. , Alt Frederick W. 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceMouse models can provide fast and cost-effective systems to test HIV-1 vaccine candidates at the preclinical stage. To serve this purpose, mouse models are engineered to express the precursors of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against diverse HIV-1 strains. Immunization of such mouse models can evaluate the ability of vaccines to mature the precursor antibodies into bnAbs. However, due to the unusual properties of bnAbs, mouse models expressing their precursors often have B cell developmental defects. Herein, we devised and validated a strategy to address this problem. This approach could also facilitate the expression of other clinically relevant antibodies in mature B cells in transgenic mice; immunization of such mice could be used to generate novel antibodies with desirable properties.
Thermodynamics of computing with circuits
Authors: Wolpert David H , Kolchinsky Artemy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Digital computers implement computations using circuits, as do many naturally occurring systems (e.g., gene regulatory networks). The topology of any such circuit restricts which variables may be physically coupled during the operation of the circuit. We investigate how such restrictions on the physical coupling affects the thermodynamic costs of running the circuit. To do this we first calculate the minimal additional entropy production that arises when we run a given gate in a circuit. We then build on this calculation, to analyze how the thermodynamic costs of implementing a computation with a full circuit, comprising multiple connected gates, depends on the topology of that circuit. This analysis provides a rich new set of optimization problems that must be addressed by any designer of a circuit, if they wish to minimize thermodynamic costs.
Hot electron photodetection with spectral selectivity in the C-band using a silicon channel-separated gold grating structure
Authors: Xiao Hongbin , Lo Shu-Cheng , Tai Yi-Hsin , Clark J. Kenji , Ho Ya-Lun , Deng Chih-Zong , Wei Pei-Kuen , Delaunay Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Photodetection based on hot electrons is attracting interest due to its capability of enabling photodetection at sub-bandgap energies of semiconductor materials. Si-based photodetectors incorporating hot electrons have emerged as one of the most widely studied devices used for near infrared (NIR) photodetection. However, most reported Si-based NIR photodetectors have broad bandwidths with responsivities that change slowly with the target wavelength, limiting their practicality as spectrally selective photodetectors. This paper reports a Si channel-separated Au grating structure that exhibits the spectrally selective photodetection in the C-band (1530–1565 nm). The measured responsivity of the structure drops from 64.5 nA mW−1 at 1530 nm to 19.0 nA mW−1 at 1565 nm, representing a variation of 70.5% over the C-band. The narrowband, ease of tuning the resonant wavelength, and spectral selectivity of the device not only help bridge the gap between the optical and electrical systems for photodetection but are also beneficial in other potential applications, such as sensing, imaging, and communications systems.