bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the design of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme intervention have fidelity to the programme specification? A document analysis
Authors: Hawkes R. E. , Cameron E. , Bower P. , French D. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess fidelity of the Healthier You: NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS‐DPP), a behavioural intervention for people in England at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, to the specified programme features.MethodsDocument analysis of the NHS‐DPP programme specification, including National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) PH38 diabetes prevention guidance. This was compared with the intervention design (framework response documents and programme manuals) from all four independent providers delivering the NHS‐DPP. Documents were coded using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication framework (describing service parameters) and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1.ResultsProviders demonstrated good fidelity to service parameters of the NHS‐DPP. The NHS‐DPP specification indicated 19 unique behaviour change techniques. Framework responses for the four providers contained between 24 and 32 distinct behaviour change techniques, and programme manuals contained between 23 and 45 distinct behaviour change techniques, indicating variation in behaviour change content between providers’ intervention documents. Thus, each provider planned to deliver 74% of the unique behaviour change techniques specified, and a large amount of behaviour change content not mandated.ConclusionsThere is good fidelity to the specified service parameters of the NHS‐DPP; however, the four providers planned to deliver approximately three‐quarters of behaviour change techniques specified by the NHS‐DPP. Given that behaviour change techniques are the ‘active ingredients’ of interventions, and some of these techniques in the programme manuals may be missed in practice, this highlights possible limitations with fidelity to the NHS‐DPP programme specification at the intervention design stage.
Modelling effects of climate change on Michigan brown trout and rainbow trout: Precipitation and groundwater as key predictors
Authors: Carlson Andrew K. , Taylor William W. , Infante Dana M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how changes in stream temperature affect survival and growth of coldwater fishes, including brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), is important for conserving coldwater stream fisheries in a changing climate. However, some contemporary stream temperature models assume spatially uniform (i.e. unrealistic) air–stream temperature relationships or demand hydrometeorological predictors (e.g. solar radiation and convection) that are expensive and often impractical for fisheries managers to measure. As such, we produced a relatively cost‐effective, management‐relevant modelling approach for predicting effects of changes in air temperature, precipitation and groundwater inputs on stream temperature and, consequently, the survival and growth of brown trout and rainbow trout in Michigan, USA. We found that precipitation‐ and groundwater‐corrected stream temperature models (mean adjusted R2 = .77, range = 0.65–0.88) performed better than linear air–stream temperature models (mean adjusted R2 = .59, range = 0.21–0.80). Stream temperature was projected to increase by 0.07–3.88°C (1%–22%) with simulated changes in air temperature, precipitation and groundwater inputs. The greatest warming was predicted for surface runoff‐dominated sites with limited groundwater‐driven thermal buffering, where thermal habitat suitability for salmonid survival and growth declined 20%–40%. However, groundwater‐dominated sites may not be immune to temperature warming, especially if groundwater temperature increases or groundwater inputs decline in a changing climate. Our modelling approach provides a reliable, cost‐effective method for predicting effects of climate change on brown trout and rainbow trout survival and growth, allowing for strategic management actions to increase the thermal resilience and sustainability of salmonid populations (e.g. groundwater conservation and riparian/watershed rehabilitation).
The effects of melatonin on signaling pathways and molecules involved in glioma
Authors: Neamati Foroogh , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma is one of the most common brain tumors with high invasion and malignancy. Despite extensive research in this area and the use of new and advanced therapies, the survival rate in this disease is very low. In addition, resistance to treatment has also been observed in this disease. One of the reasons for rapid progression and failure in treatment for this disease is the presence of a class of cells with high proliferation and high differentiation, a class called glioblastoma stem‐like cells shown as being the source of glioblastoma tumors. It has been reported that several oncogenes are expressed in this disease. One important issue in recognizing the pathogenesis of this disease, and which could improve the treatment process, is the identification of involved oncogenes as well as molecules that affect the reduction of the expression of these oncogenes. Melatonin regulates the biological rhythm and inhibits the proliferation of malignant glioma cells due to antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects. Melatonin has been considered in biological processes and in signaling pathways involved in the development of glioma. The aim of this review is to investigate the effects of melatonin on signaling pathways and molecules involved in the progression of glioma.
Molecular basis for GTP recognition by light‐activated guanylate cyclase RhGC
Authors: Butryn Agata , Raza Hadeeqa , Rada Heather , Moraes Isabel , Owens Raymond J. , Orville Allen M. 
Published: December 2019

Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in many sensory and developmental processes. Synthesis of cGMP from GTP is catalysed by guanylate cyclase (GC) in a reaction analogous to cAMP formation by adenylate cyclase (AC). Although detailed structural information is available on the catalytic region of nucleotidyl cyclases (NCs) in various states, these atomic models do not provide a sufficient explanation for the substrate selectivity between GC and AC family members. Detailed structural information on the GC domain in its active conformation is largely missing, and no crystal structure of a GTP‐bound wild‐type GC domain has been published to date. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of rhodopsin–GC (RhGC) from Catenaria anguillulae in complex with GTP at 1.7 Å resolution. Our study reveals the organization of a eukaryotic GC domain in its active conformation. We observe that the binding mode of the substrate GTP is similar to that of AC–ATP interaction, although surprisingly not all of the interactions predicted to be responsible for base recognition are present. The structure provides insights into potential mechanisms of substrate discrimination and activity regulation that may be common to all class III purine NCs.DatabaseStructural data are available in Protein Data Bank database under the accession number 6SIR.EnzymesEC4.6.1.2.
Impact of delirium on short‐term outcomes in hip fracture patients under a program of approach to delirium
Authors: Bielza Rafael , Zambrana Francisco , Fernández de la Puente Eva , Sanjurjo Jorge , Andreu Cristina , Thuissard Israel J. , Gómez Cerezo Jorge 
Published: December 2019

AimWe aimed to investigate the impact of delirium on short‐term outcomes in hip fracture patients. Special attention was given to patients with delirium and dementia.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was carried out in hip fracture patients aged ≥70 years who were admitted to a hospital unit where a multicomponents approach to delirium is established for all patients. Our population was split into delirium (n = 212) and non‐delirium cohort (n = 171) according to the Confusion Assessment Method. Patients with a previous diagnosis of dementia in an outpatient appointment were also assessed within the delirium cohort. The utility of the rehabilitation was measured with the Absolute Functional Gain index.ResultsA total of 383 patients were entered into the study. The median age was 86 years, and most patients were women (78.8%). Delirium patients were older, presented a lower previous Barthel Index (BI), had higher rates of dementia and came more frequently from nursing homes. Comparative analysis did not show differences in mortality, complications, length of stay or walking ability between the cohorts. However, lower BI on discharge, lower Absolute Functional Gain and the presence of nosocomial infections were found more frequently in the delirium cohort. In multivariate analysis, only the BI on discharge (P = 0.010) was lower in delirium patients. Within the delirium cohort, those suffering from dementia had worse BI on discharge (P = 0.017) and lower Absolute Functional Gain (P = 0.019).ConclusionsDelirium was not associated with mortality, walking ability, length of stay and clinical complications in hip fracture patients. BI on discharge was the only short‐term outcome affected. In the delirium cohort, those suffering from dementia showed worse rehabilitation results. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 130–137.
Serum soluble sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin‐7 concentration as an indicator of liver macrophage activation and advanced fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sakamoto Yuzuru , Yoshio Sachiyo , Doi Hiroyoshi , Kawai Hironari , Shimagaki Tomonari , Mori Taizo , Matsuda Michitaka , Aoki Yoshihiko , Osawa Yosuke , Yoshida Yuji , Arai Taeang , Itokawa Norio , Ito Takanori , Seko Yuya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Itoh Yoshihito , Mise Yoshihiro , Saiura Akio , Taketomi Akinobu , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: December 2019

AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Because liver fibrosis is associated with the long‐term prognosis of patients with NAFLD, there is an urgent need for non‐invasive markers of liver fibrosis. Sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin‐7 (Siglec‐7) is an immunomodulatory molecule expressed on various immune cells, including macrophages, which plays a key role in liver inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. We aimed to determine whether serum levels of soluble Siglec‐7 (sSiglec‐7) could have utility at a marker of fibrosis in this patient population.MethodsWe examined serum samples from 93 NAFLD patients and 19 healthy donors for macrophage‐associated protein, including sSiglec‐7, soluble CD163, and YKL‐40, and examined their correlation with liver fibrosis scores, tissue elastography, and histological findings. Independent factors associated with advanced fibrosis were analyzed using a logistic regression model and a decision tree. To clarify the source of sSiglec‐7, we examined its expression in liver tissue‐derived macrophages and cultured monocyte‐derived macrophages.ResultsSerum sSiglec‐7 levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with healthy donors, and correlated positively with sCD163 and YKL‐40 levels. Serum sSiglec‐7 was an independent diagnostic marker with high specificity (96.3%) for advanced fibrosis (F3 and F4) in NAFLD patients. Siglec‐7 was mainly expressed on CCR2+ macrophages in the liver, and sSiglec‐7 production by monocyte‐derived macrophages in vitro was increased after stimulation by pro‐inflammatory factors.ConclusionsElevated serum sSiglec‐7 could serve as an independent marker with high specificity for advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Evaluating the impact of patient and carer involvement in suicide and self‐harm research: A mixed‐methods, longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Littlewood Donna L. , Quinlivan Leah , Steeg Sarah , Bennett Carole , Bickley Harriet , Rodway Cathryn , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Navneet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is becoming more commonplace in mental health research. There are strong moral and ethical arguments for good quality PPI. Few studies have documented and evaluated PPI in self‐harm and suicide research. Inconsistent reporting of PPI makes it difficult to discern practices that deliver quality, effective and meaningful involvement. It is important to understand and address emotional support needs of PPI members contributing to sensitive topics such as suicide and self‐harm. Therefore, this study will examine the effect of PPI on self‐harm and suicide research and explore patients', carers' and researchers' experiences and views in relation to the quality of PPI practice and provision of appropriate support for PPI members.MethodsThis protocol outlines the longitudinal, mixed methodological approach that will be taken. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected via baseline and repeated questionnaires, document review and semi‐structured interviews. Both PPI members and researchers will be invited to participate in this study. The two‐year data collection period will enable evaluation of PPI throughout the entire research cycle. An integrated approach will be taken to data analysis, using inductive thematic analysis and descriptive and repeated measures analyses, to address specified study aims.DisseminationFindings from this study will inform practical guidance to support self‐harm and suicide researchers in effectively involving people with experiential knowledge in their research. Analyses will offer insight into the effect of PPI throughout the research process and assess changes in PPI members' and researchers' experiences of involvement across a two‐year period.
A cross‐sectional examination of factors associated with compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue across healthcare workers in an academic medical centre
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Seng Sarret , Otachi Janet K. , Higgins Jacob T. , Lawrence Jessica , Lykins Amanda , Bryant Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCompassion satisfaction (CS) among healthcare professionals is a sense of gratification derived from caring for their suffering patients. In contrast, compassion fatigue, often a consequence of burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), is detrimental to healthcare professionals’ productivity and patient care. While several studies have examined CS, BO, and STS among healthcare professionals, the majority have assessed samples in specific disciplines. However, the comparative differences in these factors by discipline or work setting are not well known. The aims of this study were to examine the differences in CS, BO, and STS by discipline and work setting, and to assess demographic, work‐related, and behavioural factors associated with these outcomes. An electronic survey was administered (N = 764) at a large academic medical centre in the southeast United States. Questions elicited demographic variables, work‐related factors, behavioural/lifestyle factors, experience with workplace violence, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Findings of the study determined that the rates of CS, BO, and STS vary across healthcare disciplines and work settings. Demographic, work‐related, behavioural, and work setting (i.e., experience of workplace violence) factors were differentially associated with experiences of CS, BO, and STS. The results of the study suggest two potential areas for research, specifically workplace violence and sleep quality as a means of further understanding reduced CS and increased BO and STS among healthcare workers. These findings have important implications for future research and policy interventions to enhance healthcare workers’ health and safety.
Efficacy of low‐level laser therapy associated with fluoride therapy for the desensitisation of molar‐incisor hypomineralisation: Randomised clinical trial
Authors: Muniz Rosyara Silva Corrêa , Carvalho Ceci Nunes , Aranha Ana Cecília Correa , Dias Francilena Maria Campos Santos , Ferreira Meire Coelho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMolar‐incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect.AimTo investigate the low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with fluoride varnish for the desensitisation of teeth with MIH.DesignA randomised clinical trial was conducted with 66 children, randomly allocated to the treatments: laser (L); fluoride varnish (FV); and laser + fluoride varnish (L + FV). The participants in the L group underwent two sessions of LLLT (48‐hour interval). The FV group received four applications of varnish at one‐week intervals. The L + FV underwent two sessions of LLLT and four applications of varnish. Prior to each session and one month after the onset of treatment, tooth sensitivity and its magnitude were evaluated. Intra‐ and inter‐group comparisons were performed (α = 5%).ResultsA significant reduction in the mean sensitivity score was found over time in all groups. After the final treatment, a significant difference was found between the L and L + FV groups (P = .011), with a lower score in the L + FV group (0.09), whereas no difference was found between the FV and L + FV groups (P = .095).ConclusionsFluoride varnish and the combination of treatments (L + FV) had greater desensitising action on teeth with MIH. Laser therapy demonstrated an immediate desensitising effect, whereas fluoride varnish had a late‐onset effect.
Currency hedging and quantitative easing: Evidence from global bond markets
Authors: Kryzanowski Lawrence , Zhang Jie , Zhong Rui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examine the influence of quantitative easing (QE) in the United States on hedging effectiveness and performance (E&P) of international bond portfolios. During the QE period, the bond portfolios have significantly lower excess returns and variances, and their excess returns (variances) are positive (negative) with the U.S. Federal Reserve's (Fed's) mortgage‐backed securities holdings and are less positive (less negative) with the Fed's Treasury holdings. E&P is higher for optimal versus full hedging during the QE versus pre‐QE period and differs for portfolios from developed and emerging countries. Results are robust using other hedging E&P measures and excluding countries with their own QEs implementations.
Scientism recognizes evidence only of the quantitative/general variety
Authors: Kowalski Charles J. , Mrdjenovich Adam J. , Redman Richard W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMcHugh and Walker introduced a model of knowledge to demonstrate that EBM is a form of scientism that ignores important sources of knowledge thereby impairing the practice of medicine. We study the development of this model and explore additional applications.MethodsReview of the relevant literature and identification of possible areas for fruitful application.ResultsWe show that the McHugh and Walker model is closely related to the model of evidence considered earlier by Upshur et al. We also indicate that the utility of this model is not limited to showing scientism distorts clinical practice. Several representative applications are identified, including psychotherapy, the Salk polio vaccine trial, and the placebo effect.ConclusionsPriority should be given to Upshur et al for the development of a model that has far‐reaching application to medical epistemology. It is shown that all four of the types of evidence considered—qualitative/personal, qualitative/general, quantitative/general, and quantitative/personal—are required to adequately characterize epistemology in medical research and practice.
GROWTH ACCOUNTING IN ECONOMIC HISTORY: FINDINGS, LESSONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS
Authors: Crafts Nicholas , Woltjer Pieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is now a large volume of growth accounting estimates covering the long run experience of advanced countries. However, most of the studies in economic history are not based on state‐of‐the‐art methods. There is a trade‐off between maintaining international comparability and achieving the best results for individual countries. A one‐size‐fits‐all approach will not always do justice to the variety of historical experiences since the conventional assumptions may sometimes be inappropriate. Nevertheless, growth‐accounting studies have produced some eye‐catching results which provide food for thought both for economic historians and for growth economists. These include (1) the finding that TFP growth was comparatively slow during the First Industrial Revolution, (2) Solow's famous conclusion that TFP growth accounted for 7/8ths of American labour‐productivity growth was atypical, (3) the impact of new general‐purpose technologies on growth typically takes a long time to materialize, ICT being the notable exception and (4) that capital‐deepening was much more important relative to TFP growth in east Asian than in western European catch‐up growth. Growth accounting is undoubtedly a valuable item in the cliometrician's toolkit. Nonetheless, we anticipate the introduction of more sophisticated methods and look forward to progress in understanding what explains marked differences in TFP performance.
You should know me better: Parents’ temperament‐insensitivity has negative motivational effects on Bedouin and Jewish adolescents
Authors: Assor Avi , Kanat‐Maymon Yaniv , Keren‐Pariente Shoshi , Katz Idit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe studied a recently conceptualized aspect of autonomy‐support and suppression, not examined so far: Sensitivity to temperament dispositions. Based on self‐determination theory, we hypothesized that, across cultures, disposition‐frustrating decisions would have similar negative effects on adolescents' intrinsic motivation to participate in decision‐related activities, and these negative effects would not be mitigated in collectivist‐hierarchical cultures, when parents make the decision.MethodIn Study 1 (n = 570, mean age = 15.2 years), Bedouin and Jewish adolescents were presented with work modes frustrating or supporting their shyness and sociability dispositions. For example, in one frustrating work mode condition, shy participants expected to work with strangers. Then, participants indicated their intrinsic motivation to participate in the activities. Study 2 (n = 278 Bedouins and Jews, mean age = 14.9 years) was an experiment using self‐report and projective measures, examining the effects of temperament‐supporting versus frustrating work modes, ostensibly chosen by parents, on adolescents' intrinsic motivation to participate in relevant activities.ResultsBoth studies showed that, across cultures, frustrating work modes had negative effects on participants' intrinsic motivation. These effects were not moderated by cultural background.ConclusionsResults suggest that belonging to a collectivist Bedouin culture endorsing deference and obedience to parental authority does not mitigate the negative motivational effect of parents' temperament‐insensitivity, and this type of autonomy‐support is important across cultures.