bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sociophonetic investigation of Mexico City Spanish vowel reduction
Authors: Dabkowski Meghan Frances 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study is the first to use acoustic data to investigate linguistic and social factors conditioning phonetic vowel reduction in Mexico City Spanish. The acoustic analysis reveals that two complementary strategies are used for reduction: voice weakening and shortening. Voice weakening affects all vowels at relatively similar rates, and is favored by preceding voiceless consonants, following voiceless consonants, and following pauses, and is most frequent in post-tonic position. Shortening affects high vowels and /o/, and is favored by preceding and following voiceless consonants, and is most frequent in pre-tonic position and unstressed monosyllabic words. These results support an articulatory gestural overlap analysis, in which characteristics of articulatory timing and movement account for the variation.
Trajectories of change in Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas
Authors: Guy Gregory R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper examines ways in which varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in the Americas have diverged significantly from their peninsular sources, and from each other, in the half-millennium since colonization. Some of this divergence is a consequence of spontaneous innovations in the New World varieties (e.g., ‘zheismo’ and ‘sheismo’ in Platense Spanish; emergence of the new 1pl pronoun a gente in Brazilian Portuguese). Historically, a significant driver of change was language contact, with indigenous languages, and especially with African languages. A suite of linguistic characteristics shared by Caribbean Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese indicate that both varieties were affected by the irregular transmission of these languages to the African population transported to these locations in the time of slavery.
Clause typing and Quebec French -tu
Authors: Isac Daniela , Royer Justin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the Quebec French particle -tu, which occurs in interrogatives, exclamatives and declaratives indicating surprise. We propose that -tu is the overt instantiation of a polarity (Pol) head that is neither negative nor positive and that -tu also carries an epistemic modality (Mod) feature that is keyed to an ignorant Speaker (S) and a knowledgeable Addressee (A).
The syntax of superlative phrases in Romance
Authors: Loccioni Nicoletta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, prenominal and postnominal superlatives in Romance are argued not to differ as a result of NP-movement (or lack thereof) to cross the adjective, but to result from two different derivations. In prenominal superlatives, the adjective is attracted to a high scope position in the DP-area of numerals where it can’t be bypassed by the NP. In postnominal superlatives, the superlative starts out as a predicate (a maximalizing relative clause over degrees) and it ends up postnominal (as any other relative clause in Romance).
A centennial tribute to the Politzer Acoumeter
Authors: Young John Riddington , Mudry Albert 
Published: July 2020

Objective
This year (2020) is the centenary of the death of the great otologist, Adam Politzer (1835–1920), the Founding Father of Otology. As a centennial tribute to him, the origin and development of his acoumeter is presented.

Method
historical study based exclusively on primary sources.

Results
Invented by Politzer in 1877, this small portable device to test auditory acuity was quickly accepted by colleagues and remained in popular use for more than 50 years. A detailed account of the Politzer Acoumeter is given together with a comparison with similar contemporary devices, which were also commercially available for clinical hearing testing.

Conclusion
There is no doubt that the Politzer Acoumeter had given the electrical audiometer a good run. For more than half a century, it had been widely used and had proved to be a very useful test of hearing.
Identification of patterns of tumour change measured on CBCT images in NSCLC patients during radiotherapy
Authors: Amugongo Lameck Mbangula , Osorio Eliana Vasquez , Green Andrew , Cobben David , van Herk Marcel , McWilliam Alan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel approach to investigate changes in the visible tumour and surrounding tissues with the aim of identifying patterns of tumour change during radiotherapy (RT) without segmentation on the follow-up images. On-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 240 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received 55 Gy of RT were included. CBCTs were automatically aligned onto planning computed tomography (planning CT) scan using a two-step rigid registration process. To explore density changes across the lung-tumour boundary, eight shells confined to the shape of the gross tumour volume (GTV) were created. The shells extended 6 mm inside and outside of the GTV border, and each shell is 1.5 mm thick. After applying intensity correction on CBCTs, the mean intensity was extracted from each shell across all CBCTs. Thereafter, linear fits were created, indicating density change over time in each shell during treatment. The slopes of all eight shells were clustered to explore patterns in the slopes that show how tumours change. Seven clusters were obtained, 97% of the patients were clustered into three groups. After visual inspection, we found that these clusters represented patients with little or no density change, progression and regression. For the three groups, the survival curves were not significantly different between the groups, p-value = 0.51. However, the results show that definite patterns of tumour change exist, suggesting that it may be possible to identify patterns of tumour changes from on-treatment CBCT images.
Precise real-time hysteretic force tracking of magnetorheological damper
Authors: Bai Xian-Xu ‘Frank’ , Li Cheng-Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Precise and real-time nonlinear hysteresis model of magnetorheological (MR) dampers is the premise to efficient control of MR semi-active systems. The influence of hysteresis models of MR damper on the control performance of the systems, employing a quarter-car MR semi-active suspension as an example, is studied thoroughly in this paper. Specifically, the hysteretic mechanical behavior of MR damper is precisely described, and the real-time feedforward control force tracking of MR damper is conducted, based on the resistor-capacitor (RC) operator-based hysteresis model. In addition, the dynamic model of a quarter-car MR semi-active suspension system is established, and a linear quadratic regulator controller and a Skyhook controller are correspondingly designed. The experimental tests, comparison, and analysis of MR damper utilizing the RC operator-based hysteresis model and the Bingham hysteresis model are carried out with the self-developed prototype of the quarter-car suspension system.
Preliminarily study of Saturn’s upper atmosphere density by observing Cassini plunging via China’s deep space station
Authors: Chen Lue , Ping Jin-Song , Liu Xiang , Wang Na , Cao Jian-Feng , Chen Guang-Ming , Wang Ming-Yuan , Li Wen-Xiao , Zhang Jian-Hui , Chen Yong-Qiang , Yue Shi-Lei , Han Song-Tao , Sun Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When the Cassini spacecraft finally plunged into the Saturnian atmosphere on 2017 September 15, China’s deep space telescope pointed to Saturn to observe Cassini and study the Saturnian upper neutral atmosphere. In this first Chinese Saturnian radio science experiment, X band Doppler velocity radio science data between the deep space telescope and the Cassini spacecraft were obtained. After removing Saturnian and solar gravity effects, Earth rotation effect, the remaining Saturnian atmosphere drag information was retrieved in the Cassini final plunge progress. Saturn’s upper neutral atmosphere mass density profile is approximately estimated based on atmosphere mass density derived principally by real orbit measurement data. Saturn’s upper neutral atmospheremass density from76 000 km to 1400 km is estimated fromthe orbit measurement data, the mass density results are about from 1.4 × 10−15 kg cm−3 to 2.5 × 10−14 kg cm−3.
Can active late-type stars contribute to the Galactic lithium abundance?
Authors: E. Kelly Darnell , Christian Damian J. , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Jevremović Darko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lithium abundances in our Galaxy and especially 6Li abundances provide important constraints on our understanding of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBNS), stellar evolution and the creation of light elements by cosmic rays in the ISM. 6Li has been detected in energetic solar events, one chromospherically active binary and several dwarf halo stars. Continuing our work on active late-type stars with high lithium abundances, we expand our study to consider if the flare origin of lithium created by spallation can contribute significantly to the Galactic abundance of lithium. We previously derived

6

Li

7

Li

=
0.030
±
0.010

for active K dwarf GJ 117 using VLT UVES observations. We find

6

Li

7

Li

ratios of 0.02 and 0.10 for two other stars in our sample, GJ 182 and EUVE J1145–55.3A, respectively. Considering that these later type, active stars have significant flare rates and stellar winds, we have estimated the contribution of these stars to the Galactic lithium abundance. Given that K and M stars comprise over 84% of our Galaxy and that many of these can have significant stellar winds, we conclude that spallation in stellar flares can contribute 1% and up to 5% of the Galactic lithium abundance.
New CCD photometric investigation of high amplitude δ Scuti star V2455 Cyg
Authors: Ostadnezhad Setareh , Forozani Ghasem , Ghanaatian Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
New V-band CCD observations of variable star V2455 Cyg were performed during two nights in September 2017. According to all times of maximum light and new maxima, the O − C curve was analyzed. The period changes of V2455 Cyg were investigated and the rate of increasing period was obtained to be (1/P) dP/dt = 1.99 × 10−7 yr−1. Frequency analysis indicated that V2455 Cyg pulsates with the radial p mode and the fundamental frequency is 10.61574 d−1. Physical parameters of V2455 Cyg at mean temperature were determined (e.g., R = 2.52 R
⊙ and M = 1.92 M
⊙). The position of this star in the H-R diagram confirms that V2455 Cyg is a high amplitude δ Scuti star.
Local galaxies with compact cores as the possible descendants of massive compact quiescent galaxies at high redshift
Authors: Gao Ying , Fan Lu-Lu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to test a possible evolutionary scenario of high-z compact quiescent galaxies (cQGs) that they can survive as local compact cores embedded in local massive galaxies with different morphology classes, we explore the star formation histories of local compact cores according to their spectral analysis. We build a sample of 182 massive galaxies with compact cores (M
*, core > 1010.6
M
⊙) at 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.06 from SDSS DR7 spectroscopic catalogue. The STARLIGHT package is used to analyze the median stacked spectra and derive the stellar ages and metallicities. Our main results show that local compact cores have the average age of about 12.1 ± 0.6 Gyr, indicating their early formation at z > 3, which is consistent with the formation redshifts of cQGs at 1 < z < 3. Together with previous studies, our result that local compact cores have similar formation redshifts as those of high-z cQGs, supports that local massive galaxies with compact cores are possible descendants of cQGs. Morphological study of local galaxies with compact cores suggests that there would be multiple possible evolutionary paths for high-z cQGs: most of them (> 80%) will evolve into local massive early-type galaxies according to dry minor merger, while some of them (∼ 15%) will build substantial stellar/gas discs according to the late-time gas accretion and sustaining star formation, and finally grow up into spiral galaxies.
Analysis of the X-ray emission from OB stars III: low-resolution spectra of OB stars
Authors: Ryspaeva Elizaveta , Kholtygin Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is the third in our series of papers devoted to the investigation of X-ray emission from OB stars. In our two previous papers, we study the high-resolutionX-ray spectra of 32 O stars and 25 B stars to investigate the correlations between the properties of X-ray emission and stellar parameters.We checked if the X-ray hardness and post-shock plasma temperature grow with increasing stellar magnetic field, mass loss rate and terminal wind velocity. Our previous analysis of high-resolution spectra showed that the correlations are weak or even absent. In the present paper, we analyzed low-resolution X-ray spectra, using model-independent X-ray hardness values for checking the above mentioned dependencies. We establish that X-ray luminosities L
X weakly depend on the stellar magnetic field. At the same time, L
X ∝ Ṁ
0.5 and

L
X

∝

E

kin

0.5

, where ṁ is the mass loss rate and E
kin is the kinetic energy of the wind. The X-ray luminosities decrease with growing magnetic confinement parameter η. We also argue that there is an additional (probably non-thermal) component contributed to the stellar X-ray emission.
Alternative kind of hydrogen atoms as a possible explanation for the latest puzzling observation of the 21 cm radio line from the early Universe
Authors: Oks Eugene 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a puzzling astrophysical result concerning the latest observation of the absorption profile of the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe (as described in Bowman et al.). The amplitude of the profile was more than a factor of two greater than the largest predictions. This could mean that the primordial hydrogen gas was much cooler than expected. Some explanations in the literature suggested a possible cooling of baryons either by unspecified dark matter particles or by some exotic dark matter particles with a charge a million times smaller than the electron charge. Other explanations required an additional radio background. In the present paper, we entertain a possible different explanation for the above puzzling observational result: the explanation is based on the alternative kind of hydrogen atoms (AKHA), whose existence was previously demonstrated theoretically, as well as by the analysis of atomic experiments. Namely, the AKHA are expected to decouple from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) much earlier (in the course of the Universe expansion) than usual hydrogen atoms, so that the AKHA temperature is significantly lower than that of usual hydrogen atoms. This seems to lower the excitation (spin) temperature of the hyperfine doublet (responsible for the 21 cm line) sufficiently enough for explaining the above puzzling observational result. This possible explanation appears to be more specific and natural than the previous possible explanations. Further observational studies of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early Universe could help to verify which explanation is the most relevant.
Evaluation of National Community Empowerment Program Implementation in Rumbia Village, Boalemo Regency
Authors: Naway Forry A. , Elyanda Saliko Deyvi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to discover the mechanism, success, and sustainability of PNPM Mandiri implementation in Rumbia Village, Botumoito Subdistrict, Boalemo Regency. The qualitative descriptive method was used in this research that the data were collected from observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The results reveal that: 1) the mechanism of PNPM Mandiri implementation achieves percentage of 71.64% in a means that the mechanism has been done as the procedure; however, there is a lack of person in charge of the program and the facilitator that is unavailable all the time to follow up people’s complaint. 2) the success of PNPM Mandiri implementation reaches 72.07% which means that this program is unsuccessfully implemented towards society’s welfare although local government serves the poor people through this program. 3) the sustainability of PNPM Mandiri implementation arrives 74,11% which indicates that the implementation of this program has been right on target to accelerate poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it is only applied to farming and micro business as the program benefit recipients. People’s role main doer of the policy is very crucial in supporting and guaranteeing the success and the sustainability of this program policy and implementation.
The Potential of Gorontalo Province as Global Geopark
Authors: Andri Kurniawan Idham , Sugawara Hisanari , Sakakibara Masayuki , Arifin Indriati Yayu , Suly Eraku Sunarty 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The extraordinary of geodiversity together with the ecological resources and profound cultural heritages provide a valuable basic of geotourism and geopark development. The purpose of this paper is to show the possibilities of geological interpretation, geotourism, and cultural heritages in the area of Gorontalo province that would become valuable basic to promote geopark. The collected data was carried out by field observation and literature review. The results of this study indicate that the Gorontalo has the potential of geopark and would serve as tourist destination in Sulawesi by applying the concept of Geotourism which accentuate natural side, by optimizing the management of destination attractions, facilities and services, and accessibilities.
Maintenance Building Strategies in a private University in Jakarta
Authors: Triwijayanty F , Sakti W I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
After the construction of the building has been completed, and the operation of the building begins, a building management and maintenance is needed so that the building is maintained and can still be used properly. Therefore a management body is needed to treat and build the building properly. Management of maintenance and maintenance of office buildings and personal safety of everyone in the building, and account for the age of the building’s plans. In this study, it was proven that things were agreed on the satisfaction of building users with the quality of care carried out by building managers with the questionnaire survey method, then performed an examination of the achievements of the things that were most significant, so that building user satisfaction and strategy would be obtained. building maintenance. Related to matters relating to building user satisfaction are divided into several categories that include, reliability, tangible, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, maintenance activities, and management activity. This research was conducted by converting directly to the field, interviewing, and distributing questionnaires given to building users who use the building in their daily lives. The analysis process carried out in this study is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) to be able to provide an accurate and systematic description of a situation and the relationships that are carried out between countries discussed. From all the collected questionnaires analyzed using the method of relative importance index (RII) through the validity and reliability test the questionnaire was analyzed with the help of statistic program (computer) to determine the level of validity variables. All data obtained from observations, interviews, and questionnaires will be used to look for service quality factors in building maintenance. The results of this study indicate the fact of the 5 highest factors in the quality of building maintenance. Of the five factors, the aspect of empathy is the highest aspect in the quality of care of this building. While aspects of maintenance activities and tangible are aspects that least meet the expectations of building users..
Utilization of roof garden installation to reduce rainwater runoff in urban residential
Authors: Lestari Endah , Sofyan Muhammad , Pamuji Buddy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The role of natural resources is very important in fulfilling human life dan must be managed in non-destructive ways. The discoveries of technology utilized, and managed natural resources is very important and more beneficial in the future. The water resources are one of natural resources can be managed. The rainwater runoff caused a significant problem for many cities due to lack of catchment area. Roof garden becoming potential solutions in controlling the volume of rainwater runoff. Several studies, rooftop garden have not been fully implemented in developing countries due to high construction and long-term maintenance costs. The roof shape can affect to the construction and installation of a roof garden. The research is a roof garden type that can be adapted to the most used roof on the area. The method is to design, build and install the roof garden on sloping shape roofs type. By watering the roof garden, we get the result of minimum runoff according to soil condition. The water maximum infiltrated to soil and the percentage of runoff that occurs is 22% from total water. The conclusion of this research is the roof garden influences the surface runoff; this cause positive impact on reducing rainwater runoff.
Study Of Factors Affecting Productivity Of Pouring Concrete Using Portable Concrete Pump In Construction Project X
Authors: Sutandi Arianti , Wednesday Grand 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Portable concrete pump is a tool used to pump concrete towards casting locations especially when the locations could not be reach by truck mixers. By using portable concrete pumps, concreting process can be finished quicker. This study begin with elaborating information about factors affecting the concreting process such as equipment and machinery for pumping, standard procedures for placing concrete and other requirements. The relation between productivity of portable concrete pumps and horizontal range, as well as the height of the casting location, is derived from project observation and data collection. Further calculation and analysis shows the regression equation for portable concrete pump productivity is obtained as Y = 1.0546 – 0.00351 X1–0.00181X2 with X1 is floor height and X2 is horizontal range. The difference in productivity during productive time and total time that is affected by delays is 0, 044 m3/min or the effect of delay time to concreting productivity is 8.7% compare to productive time.
Risk Analysis of Toll Road Construction Project By Using Soft System Methodology (ssm) A Case Study Of Sumatera Trans Toll Road Section 1 (Terbanggi Besar – Menggala)
Authors: Enriko Tosulpa M. , Najid  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Toll Constructing a toll road project always deals with various technical and non-technical problems. Those problems are considered as the risk of construction projects. These risks will definitely affect the project function and result in losses both in terms of cost, quality, and time, which determine the success of a project. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and to analyze the risks using qualitative-quantitative research with the Soft System Methodology (SSM) on Sumatra Trans Toll Road Project Section I in Bakauheni - Kalianda (Sta. 00 + 400 - Sta. 20 + 000). Collecting data, this research used purpose sampling techniques from six respondents. In addition, data analysis methods used in this study are Probability Risk Test, Consequences Risk Test, and Soft System Methodology (SSM).