bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation deficiency disrupts biological rhythms from bacteria to humans
Authors: Fustin Jean-Michel , Ye Shiqi , Rakers Christin , Kaneko Kensuke , Fukumoto Kazuki , Yamano Mayu , Versteven Marijke , Grünewald Ellen , Cargill Samantha J. , Tamai T. Katherine , Xu Yao , Jabbur Maria Luísa , Kojima Rika , Lamberti Melisa L. , Yoshioka-Kobayashi Kumiko , Whitmore David , Tammam Stephanie , Howell P. Lynne , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Matsuo Takuya , Stanewsky Ralf , Golombek Diego A. , Johnson Carl Hirschie , Kakeya Hideaki , van Ooijen Gerben , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe methyl cycle is a universal metabolic pathway providing methyl groups for the methylation of nuclei acids and proteins, regulating all aspects of cellular physiology. We have previously shown that methyl cycle inhibition in mammals strongly affects circadian rhythms. Since the methyl cycle and circadian clocks have evolved early during evolution and operate in organisms across the tree of life, we sought to determine whether the link between the two is also conserved. Here, we show that methyl cycle inhibition affects biological rhythms in species ranging from unicellular algae to humans, separated by more than 1 billion years of evolution. In contrast, the cyanobacterial clock is resistant to methyl cycle inhibition, although we demonstrate that methylations themselves regulate circadian rhythms in this organism. Mammalian cells with a rewired bacteria-like methyl cycle are protected, like cyanobacteria, from methyl cycle inhibition, providing interesting new possibilities for the treatment of methylation deficiencies.
The K supergiant runaway star HD 137071
Authors: Comerón F. , Figueras F. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Extensive work exists on runaway massive stars with peculiar motions that are much higher than those typical of the extreme Population I to which they belong. Work on runaways has focused almost exclusively on O and B stars, most of which undergo a red supergiant phase before ending their lives as supernovae. Very few examples are known of red supergiant runaways, all of which descend from the more massive O-type precursors, but none from the lower mass B-type precursors, although runaway statistics of B-type stars suggest that K-type runaways must be relatively numerous.
Aims. We study HD 137071, a star that has so far been considered to be a normal K-type red giant. Its parallax measured by Gaia and the derived luminosity suggest that it is a supergiant, whereas its derived distance to the Galactic plane and its spatial velocity of 54.1 km s−1 with respect to the local standard of rest suggest that it is also a runaway star. However, intrinsic limitations in determining the trigonometric parallaxes of cool supergiants, even in the Gaia era, require accurate spectral classifications for confirmation.
Methods. We present visible spectroscopy obtained with the 2.2m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory and compare it with the spectra of MK standard stars to produce an accurate spectral classification, including the determination of its luminosity class. We complement this information with astrometric data from the Gaia DR2 catalog.
Results. We reliably classify HD 137071 as a K4II star and establish its membership to the extreme Population I. This agrees with the luminosity derived using the Gaia DR2 parallax measurement. Kinematical data from the Gaia DR2 catalog confirm its high spatial velocity and runaway nature. By combining the spectral classification with astrometric information, recent Galactic potential models, and evolutionary models for high-mass stars, we trace the motion of HD 137071 back to the proximities of the Galactic plane and speculate which of the two proposed mechanisms for the production of runaway stars may be responsible for the high velocity of HD 137071. The available data favor the formation of HD 137071 in a massive binary system where the more massive companion underwent a supernova explosion about 32 Myr ago.
COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic
Authors: Siedlecki Jakob , Brantl Victor , Schworm Benedikt , Mayer Wolfgang Johann , Gerhardt Maximilian , Michalakis Stylianos , Kreutzer Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose To perform a systematic analysis of articles on the ophthalmological implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods PubMed.gov was searched for relevant articles using the keywords “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, and “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “ophthalmology” and “eye”. Moreover, official recommendations of ophthalmological societies were systematically reviewed, with a focus on the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth).
Results As of April 16, 2020, in total, 21 peer-reviewed articles on the ophthalmological aspects of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 12 (57.1%) were from Asia, 6 (28.6%) from the United States of America, and 3 (14.3%) from Europe. There were 5 (23.8%) original studies, 10 (47.6%) letters, 3 (14.2%) case reports, and 3 (14.2%) reviews. These articles could be classified into the topics “Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission”, “Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19”, “Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic”, and “Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure”. Practical recommendations could be extracted from official statements of the AAO and the RCOphth.
Conclusion Within a short period, a growing body of articles has started to elucidate the ophthalmological implications of COVID-19. As the eye can represent a route of infection (actively via tears and passively via the nasoacrimal duct), ophthalmological care has to undergo substantial modifications during this pandemic. In the eye, COVID-19 can manifest as keratoconjunctivitis.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Maxilla: Conservative Management and Reconstructive Considerations
Authors: Shokri Tom , Wang Weitao , Vincent Aurora , Cohn Jason E. , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe implementation of radiotherapy in the multimodal treatment of advanced head and neck cancer has greatly improved survival rates. In some patients, however, this benefit comes at the potential expense of the tissue surrounding the primary site of malignancy. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the facial bones, in particular the maxilla, is a debilitating complication of radiation therapy. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in devitalization of underlying bone with necrosis of adjacent soft tissue. Controversy surrounding appropriate early intervention in ORN persists and no consensus for clinical treatment has been established. In the present article, we review the pathophysiology of maxillary ORN and discuss the role of both conservative medical therapy and reconstruction.
Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines
Authors: Zhai Zhenguo , Li Chenghong , Chen Yaolong , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Zhang Zhenlu , Wan Jun , Liu Peng , Elalamy Ismaïl , Wang Chen ,   On behalf of the Prevention Treatment of VTE Associated with COVID-19 Infection Consensus Statement Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic in just a few months, causing millions infected. Nearly 20% of COVID-19 patients present severe coagulation abnormalities, which may occur in almost all of the severe and critical ill COVID-19 cases. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potential cause of unexplained deaths, has been frequently reported in COVID-19 cases, but its management is still challenging due to the complexity between antithrombotic therapy and coagulation disorders. Based on frontline practical experience and comprehensive literature review, here a panel of experts and physicians from China and Europe developed an evidence and opinion-based consensus on the prophylaxis and management of VTE associated with COVID-19. This statement aims for clinicians treating COVID-19 and provides practical recommendations in detailed situations, for example, how to choose thromboprophylactic measures for patients with diverse severity of disease and bleeding risk, or which kind of anticoagulant should be prescribed. With limited experience on COVID19-associated VTE, this expert consensus statement should be helpful for clinicians worldwide with specific suggestions.
A Mid- to Long-Term Follow-Up Experience with a Specific Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty Design
Authors: Carulli Christian , Sani Giacomo , Matassi Fabrizio , Civinini Roberto , Innocenti Massimo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purrpose Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been a subject of recent discussion and concern due to the early failures caused by local and systemic adverse reactions related to specific designs. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes and survival rates of a single brand of MoM implants implanted in a consecutive series of patients at a single institution.
Methods Between 2007 and 2012, 116 (118 hips) patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 6.6 years after primary THA. The diagnosis leading to surgery was osteoarthritis (80 patients) and proximal femoral fracture (36 patients). A single design of THA was implanted. All patients were evaluated before surgery and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months by clinical scores and radiographic studies. The data analysis was made using Student's t-test.
Results The minimum follow-up was of 4 years, with a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. Two aseptic loosenings of the acetabular component were recorded (one per group), which were not associated with local or systemic complications related to metal ion release. Both were revised by an isolated acetabular cup substitution with metal-on-polyethylene couplings. Nonprogressive radiolucency lines < 2 mm in zone 2 were observed in other six patients around the acetabular component without clinical manifestation (four in the arthritis group and two in the fracture group). Postoperative Harris Hip Score and SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Survey) score improved in both groups.
Conclusion Despite several MoM implants showing early complications and failures, a specific MoM design may be associated with good clinical results at a mid- to long-term follow-up.
Level of Evidence This is a therapeutic case series, Level 4 study.
Can specific personality traits better explain EU attitudes?
Authors: Aichholzer Julian , Rammstedt Beatrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScholars trying to understand attitudes toward the European Union (EU) are increasingly interested in citizens’ basic predispositions, such as the “Big Five” personality traits. However, previous research on this particular relationship has failed to provide sound hypotheses and lacks consistent evidence. We propose that looking at specific facets of the Big Five offers a deeper understanding of the associations between personality predispositions, their measures, and EU attitudes. For this purpose, the 60-item Big Five Inventory-2, which explicitly measures Big Five domains and facets, was administered in a German population sample. We applied a variant of structural equation modeling and found that personality predispositions promoting communal and solidary behavior, cognitive elaboration, and a lower tendency to experience negative emotions predicted support for further European integration. Greater support of European integration might thus reflect, in part, basic psychological predispositions that facilitate adapting to the political, social, and cultural complexity posed by Europeanization. The study thus contributes to our understanding of deep-rooted patterns in thoughts and feelings that can shape citizens’ EU attitudes.
Understanding drivers when investing for impact: an experimental study
Authors: De Amicis Luisa , Binenti Silvia , Maciel Cardoso Felipe , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Sánchez Ángel , Moreno Yamir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, a global interest in impact investing—whose goal is to generate social and environmental benefits alongside economic returns—has rapidly grown. In this context, this paper explores the socio-demographic characteristics of investors who choose impact investment options over traditional investments, and on the drivers promoting such choices. More specifically, the study consists of an experiment-based research in which 602 participants (non-experts and experts in the financial sector) took part in a multiple-choice game involving different investment scenarios and incentive conditions. The findings show that both expert investors and female participants are more likely to choose impact investment options and that the tendency to invest in social funds increases with age. Neither external and centrally planned incentives, such as fiscal incentives, nor the educational level of participants show a significant influence on investment choices. By contrast, information about the actual social impact achieved by funds plays a role in promoting socially oriented decisions. In this regard, visual aids appear to be an effective means of promoting impact investment. These findings may be of interest to policymakers, social campaigners and investment practitioners themselves when designing strategies for raising interest in impact investing or norms to strengthen a conducive and enabling environment for social entrepreneurship more broadly.
Developing a Citizen Social Science approach to understand urban stress and promote wellbeing in urban communities
Authors: Pykett Jessica , Chrisinger Benjamin , Kyriakou Kalliopi , Osborne Tess , Resch Bernd , Stathi Afroditi , Toth Eszter , Whittaker Anna C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper sets out the future potential and challenges for developing an interdisciplinary, mixed-method Citizen Social Science approach to researching urban emotions. It focuses on urban stress, which is increasingly noted as a global mental health challenge facing both urbanised and rapidly urbanising societies. The paper reviews the existing use of mobile psychophysiological or biosensing within urban environments—as means of ‘capturing’ the urban geographies of emotions. Methodological reflections are included on primary research using biosensing in a study of workplace and commuter stress for university employees in Birmingham (UK) and Salzburg (Austria) for illustrative purposes. In comparing perspectives on the conceptualisation and measurement of urban stress from psychology, neuroscience and urban planning, the difficulties of defining scientific constructs within Citizen Science are discussed to set out the groundwork for fostering interdisciplinary dialogue. The novel methods, geo-located sensor technologies and data-driven approaches to researching urban stress now available to researchers pose a number of ethical, political and conceptual challenges around defining and measuring emotions, stress, human behaviour and urban space. They also raise issues of rigour, participation and social scientific interpretation. Introducing methods informed by more critical Citizen Social Science perspectives can temper overly individualised forms of data collection to establish more effective ways of addressing urban stress and promoting wellbeing in urban communities.
“A tiny cog in a large machine”
Authors: Moorkens Joss 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Translators have worked with the assistance of computers for many years, usually translating whole texts, divided into segments but in sequential order. In order to maximise efficiency and inspired by similar moves in the tech industry and predictions for Industry 4.0, large translation companies have begun to break tasks down into smaller chunks and to rigidly define and monitor translation processes. This is particularly true of platform-mediated work, highly collaborative workflows, and multimedia work that requires near-live turnaround times. This article considers such workflows in the context of measures of job satisfaction and discussion of sustainable work systems, proposing that companies prioritise long-term returns and attempt to balance the needs of all stakeholders in a translation process. Translators and translator trainers also have a role to play in achieving this balance.
‘Time is money’ and the value of translation
Authors: do Carmo Félix 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article uses a multi-faceted approach to discuss the relation between time, money and different perspectives that help define the value of professional translation. It challenges the narratives created by the translation industry on post-editing as a revision of pre-translated content, confronting them with the detailed description of the task in industry standards and with the reality of translators’ work. The article also addresses the different roles that time plays as an instrument of analysis and evaluation of translation, and as a fundamental factor in the definition of labour relations in the translation market. The main claim of the article is that translation is increasingly specialised high-value work, requiring translators that are able to make complex and efficient decisions, especially when they are expected to work under time restrictions, with the support of content that has been previously processed by machine translation.
Social groups in machine translationpost-editing
Authors: Sakamoto Akiko , Yamada Masaru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analysed focus group interview data collected from 22 project managers (PMs) working in Japan, covering their experiences of machine translation post-editing (MTPE). A Social Construction of Technology analysis of how PMs describe different social groups in translation enabled us to examine the meanings those groups attach to MTPE, the intricate and complex power structures which exist between them, and the negotiations that take place in their day-to-day operations. The examination discovered that MTPE is still in a fluid and controversial state due to the difficulty of meeting all groups’ interests, which may lead to MTPE’s disappearance as a business model and the eventual dominance of conventional human translation and raw MT. We conclude that establishing ethical and sustainable translation workflows for all social groups will be vital for MTPE’s survival, which will require careful consideration of the complexity of these social groups and negotiations between them.
Machine translation in the news
Authors: Vieira Lucas Nunes 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Machine translation (MT) is now firmly in the public eye. The media can reflect and influence the public
perception of MT and, by extension, of translation itself, but the news coverage of MT has to date remained largely unexplored.
This study draws on the news framing literature to present an analysis of how MT is described in the written press. Based on a
sample of 284 MT-focused newspaper articles, the news reporting on MT was found to be significantly more positive than negative.
This positive framing was unrelated to the launch of neural MT. Furthermore, the portrayal of MT in the press tended to lack
nuance, with few instances that raised awareness of the technology’s use implications. The study calls for higher standards in the
public discussion and promotion of MT and for more research on non-professional conceptualisations of translation technologies and
their role in communication.
Finite-size effects in cylindrical topological insulators
Authors: Governale Michele , Bhandari Bibek , Taddei Fabio , Imura Ken-Ichiro , Zülicke Ulrich 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present a theoretical study of a nanowire made of a three-dimensional topological insulator. The bulk topological insulator is described by a continuum-model Hamiltonian, and the cylindrical-nanowire geometry is modelled by a hard-wall boundary condition. We provide the secular equation for the eigenergies of the systems (both for bulk and surface states) and the analytical form of the energy eigenfunctions. We describe how the surface states of the cylinder are modified by finite-size effects. In particular, we provide a 1/R expansion for the energy of the surface states up to second order. The knowledge of the analytical form for the wavefunctions enables the computation of matrix elements of any single-particle operators. In particular, we compute the matrix elements of the optical dipole operator, which describe optical absorption and emission, treating intra- and inter-band transition on the same footing. Selection rules for optical transitions require conservation of linear momentum parallel to the nanowire axis, and a change of 0 or ±1 in the total-angular-momentum projection parallel to the nanowire axis. The magnitude of the optical-transition matrix elements is strongly affected by the finite radius of the nanowire.
Interplay of phase separation and itinerant magnetism for correlated few fermions in a double-well
Authors: Koutentakis G M , Mistakidis S I , Schmelcher P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We explore the stability of the phase separation phenomenon in few-fermion spin-1/2 systems confined in a double-well potential. It is shown that within the SU(2) symmetric case, where the total spin is conserved, the phase separation cannot be fully stabilized. An interaction regime characterized by metastable phase separation emerges for intermediate interactions which is inherently related with ferromagnetic spin–spin correlations emerging within each of the wells. The breaking of the SU(2) symmetry crucially affects the stability properties of the system as the phase separated state can be stabilized even for weak magnetic potential gradients. Our results imply an intricate relation between the phenomena of phase separation and ferromagnetism that lies beyond the view of the Stoner instability.
Microrheology of filament networks from Brownian dynamics simulations
Authors: Azevedo T. N. , Rizzi L. G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Microrheology is a technique that have been largely used to investigate viscoelasticity in biological systems. For example, it revealed that filament networks, which are the main component of the citoskeleton of eukaryote cells, show an interesting semisolid viscoelastic response that is characterized by a hardening behaviour at high frequencies. Here, we adopt a computational approach based on microrheology to study the relationship between the Brownian motion of probe particles immersed in a filament network and its viscoelastic response. In particular, we consider a simple model for the filament networks and perform Brownian dynamics simulations to obtain the mean-squared displacement of probe particles, which is used to evaluate the shear moduli G’ and G” of the networks. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed numerical approach can reproduce several features observed in experiments, including the sol-gel transition observed when varying the density of filaments, and the aforementioned hardening behaviour at high frequencies.
A Simple Monte Carlo Simulation For the Two Dimensional Attractive Hubbard Model
Authors: Correa Eberth , Rodrigues R. G. M. , Mól L. A. S. , Costa B. V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We use the Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo technique to perform a simple study of the two dimensional attractive Hubbard model and calculate the total ground state energy to compare with another technique in the literature for U = –4t. Our finite size extrapolated result corroborate the approximated lattice density-functional theory method for this value of U at half-filling. To stabilize the Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm one must resort to one of the two decomposition methods: the modified Grand-Schmidt decomposition and the singular value decomposition. Two characteristics like accuracy and total execution time were considered to compare the decomposition algorithms, and the results are presented bellow.