bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Technique for Magnetic Compression Anastomosis Without Incision for Gastrointestinal Obstruction
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Ohdaira Hironori , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Takahashi Junji , Ito Eisaku , Suzuki Norihiko , Narihiro Satoshi , Yoshida Masashi , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a novel technique of anastomosis similar to that with surgery, but in a minimally invasive manner. Few reports are available on the utility and feasibility of MCA for gastrointestinal anastomosis without requiring general anesthesia in humans, owing to the difficulty of delivering magnets. We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of MCA in gastrointestinal obstruction without requiring general anesthesia.

STUDY DESIGN:
In this retrospective single-center study, patients who underwent MCA from January 2013 to October 2019 were included. Adult patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or stenosis, irrespective of the underlying disease, with severe comorbidities, complicated abdominal surgical history, or postoperative complications, and who were unable to tolerate surgery, were eligible for inclusion. Two magnets were delivered by a combination of endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedures and placed in the lumen of the organ to be anastomosed. The main outcome was the technical success of MCA.

RESULTS:
Fourteen patients underwent MCA, and the technical success of MCA was achieved in 100% of the cases. The mean procedural time, duration for anastomosis formation, and postoperative hospital stay were 44 minutes, 13 days, and 36 days, respectively. Two patients underwent anastomotic restenosis, and 1 patient had an anastomotic perforation due to balloon dilatation to prevent restenosis. The mean follow-up period was 34 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
MCA without general anesthesia for gastrointestinal anastomosis is safe, useful, and feasible. MCA can be a valuable alternative to surgery in gastrointestinal obstruction.
Limits of geodesic push-forwards of horocycle invariant measures
Authors: FORNI GIOVANNI 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove several general conditional convergence results on ergodic averages for horocycle and geodesic subgroups of any continuous

$\operatorname {SL}(2, \mathbb {R})$
-action on a locally compact space. These results are motivated by theorems of Eskin, Mirzakhani and Mohammadi on the

$\operatorname {SL}(2, \mathbb {R})$
-action on the moduli space of Abelian differentials. By our argument we can derive from these theorems an improved version of the ‘weak convergence’ of push-forwards of horocycle measures under the geodesic flow and a short proof of weaker versions of theorems of Chaika and Eskin on Birkhoff genericity and Oseledets regularity in almost all directions for the Teichmüller geodesic flow.
THE COMPLEXITY OF SCOTT SENTENCES OF SCATTERED LINEAR ORDERS
Authors: ALVIR RACHAEL , ROSSEGGER DINO 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe calculate the complexity of Scott sentences of scattered linear orders. Given a countable scattered linear order L of Hausdorff rank
$\alpha $
we show that it has a
${d\text {-}\Sigma _{2\alpha +1}}$
Scott sentence. It follows from results of Ash [2] that for every countable
$\alpha $
there is a linear order whose optimal Scott sentence has this complexity. Therefore, our bounds are tight. We furthermore show that every Hausdorff rank 1 linear order has an optimal
${\Pi ^{\mathrm {c}}_{3}}$
or
${d\text {-}\Sigma ^{\mathrm {c}}_{3}}$
Scott sentence and give a characterization of those linear orders of rank
$1$
with
${\Pi ^{\mathrm {c}}_{3}}$
optimal Scott sentences. At last we show that for all countable
$\alpha $
the class of Hausdorff rank
$\alpha $
linear orders is
$\boldsymbol {\Sigma }_{2\alpha +2}$
complete and obtain analogous results for index sets of computable linear orders.
ON THE OPTIMAL EXTENSION THEOREM AND A QUESTION OF OHSAWA
Authors: YAO SHA , LI ZHI , ZHOU XIANGYU 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a version of Guan-Zhou’s optimal
$L^{2}$
extension theorem and its application. As a main application, we show that under a natural condition, the question posed by Ohsawa in his series paper VIII on the extension of
$L^{2}$
holomorphic functions holds. We also give an explicit counterexample which shows that the question fails in general.
Life histories and niche dynamics in late Quaternary proboscideans from midwestern North America
Authors: Widga Chris , Hodgins Greg , Kolis Kayla , Lengyel Stacey , Saunders Jeff , Walker J. Douglas , Wanamaker Alan D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStable isotopes of mammoths and mastodons have the potential to illuminate ecological changes in late Pleistocene landscapes and megafaunal populations as these species approached extinction. The ecological factors at play in this extinction remain unresolved, but isotopes of bone collagen (δ13C, δ15N) and tooth enamel (δ13C, δ18O,87Sr/86Sr) from midwestern North America are leveraged to examine ecological and behavioral changes that occurred during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Both species had significant C3 contributions to their diets and experienced increasing levels of niche overlap as they approached extinction. A subset of mastodons after the last glacial maximum exhibit low δ15N values that may represent expansion into a novel ecological niche, perhaps densely occupied by other herbivores. Stable isotopes from serial and microsampled enamel show increasing seasonality and decreasing temperatures as mammoths transitioned from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e to glacial conditions (MIS 4, MIS 3, MIS 2). Isotopic variability in enamel suggests mobility patterns and life histories have potentially large impacts on the interpretation of their stable isotope ecology. This study further refines the ecology of midwestern mammoths and mastodons demonstrating increasing seasonality and niche overlap as they responded to landscape changes in the final millennia before extinction.
Prevalence and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from livestock in north-eastern Kenya
Authors: Omondi H.A. , Gitau G. , Gathura P. , Mulinge E. , Zeyhle E. , Kimeli P. , Bett B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of cosmopolitan distribution and caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). CE occurs in the wider African continent and in Kenya, notably in the Maasailand and Turkana regions; however, recent studies demonstrate its presence in other parts of Kenya. This study determined the occurrence of CE in livestock (camels, goats, sheep and cattle) in Isiolo, Garissa and Wajir counties, and characterized the species of E. granulosus s.l. present. An abattoir survey was used to determine the presence of CE in various organs in livestock. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene was used for genotyping. A total of 1368 carcasses from 687 goats, 234 camels, 329 sheep and 118 cattle were inspected for the presence of hydatid cysts. The overall proportion of infections was 29.1% in camels, 14.4% in cattle, 9.9% in goats and 8.2% in sheep. The liver was the most infected organ, while only the lung of camels harboured fertile cysts. Of the 139 cysts genotyped, 111 (79.9%) belonged to Echinococcus canadensis (G6/7) and 20 (14.4%) to E. granulosus sensu stricto. One and two cysts were identified as Taenia saginata and unknown Taenia species, respectively. There was a significant association between county of origin and species of the animal with occurrence of CE. This study reports, for the first time, the characterization of Echinococcus species in livestock from Garissa and Wajir counties, and the current situation in Isiolo county. The fertility of cysts in camels and frequency of E. canadensis (G6/7) in all livestock species indicate that camels play an important role in the maintenance of CE in the north-eastern counties of Kenya.
Reproductive compensation in female Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda: Natantia) due to Microphallus szidati (Trematoda) infection
Authors: Parietti M. , Merlo M.J. , Natal M. , Méndez Casariego M.A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Parasites may affect host demographic characteristics because they can directly or indirectly cause the death of their hosts and/or influence their reproduction. Parasitism is therefore recognized as a factor that influences the composition and structure of populations and communities. One of these behaviours is the compensatory response: the host can compensate for the parasite losses effect, modifying the reproductive effort to enhance fitness. Ovigerus female Palaemonetes argentinus was collected and sorted into two groups according to the degree of development of their embryos: newly spawned embryos and embryos ready to hatch. The number of embryos and their dry weight for each female were determined. All parts of the female body were checked for parasites. The females of P. argentinus were parasitized by Microphalus szidati. We found that parasitized females produce more embryos but had more egg loss during development and the percentage of embryonic loss was higher in the parasitized females than in non-parasitized. Parasitized females produced lighter eggs than those from uninfected females. This supports the compensatory reproduction hypothesis suggested for this species. Parasitism can change life history traits in a way that fecundity can be compensated; this co-evolution between host and parasites will be population or context dependent. Parasites are a functional part of any ecosystem and as our results show, deleting parasites in life history traits and reproduction studies in free living organisms could lead to an incomplete picture of the true processes that happen in nature.
Membership categorization analysis of racism in an online discussion among neighbors
Authors: Shrikant Natasha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article addresses relationships between micro and macro aspects of language use through analyzing online interactions among neighbors discussing racism in their neighborhood. Membership categorization analysis supplemented with critical theory highlights how the ways neighbors name, characterize, and position categories orients to their rhetorical and identity goals (to construct reasonable stances, to seem not racist), which in turn motivates alignment with critical, folk, or colorblind ideologies of racism. Thus, ideologies do not determine interactional choices participants make, but rather are constituted by those choices. Findings also illustrate how discursive strategies such as reported speech, absurdity, three-part lists, and metadiscourse support ways that neighbors organize categories and achieve their aims. Additional contributions to this study include demonstrating the utility of membership categorization analysis for analyzing discourses of racism and providing practical insight into how racially diverse groups can have productive conversations about racism. (Racism, ideology, membership categorization analysis)*
Older adults’ accounts of the relationships between retirement timing and health: a descriptive qualitative analysis in Chile
Authors: Shura Robin , Opazo Sebastian , Calvo Esteban 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetirement timing can have important health implications. Little is known, however, about older adults’ views on this issue and whether they consider it better to retire later, earlier, on time or anytime. This knowledge gap about older adults’ views is particularly true outside North America and Europe. This qualitative study aims to examine older Chileans’ ideas about the relationship between retirement timing and health and to explore gender and class patterns in qualitative themes identified, knowledge which may strengthen quantitative population-based approaches. Framework analysis was conducted on qualitative accounts from a purposive, non-random sample of 40 older Chileans in six focus groups, stratified by gender and class as marked by lifetime occupation. Transcriptions were coded by two independent reviewers (inter-coder reliability = 81%) according to four deductive categories of retirement timing as well as inductive coding of emergent themes. The content and sequence of codes were visually represented in MAXQDA's document portraits and illustrated with descriptive quotes. Results indicate that participants’ views about when to retire in order to maximise health did not highlight retirement age or timing (later, earlier, on time, anytime). Instead, these older Chileans emphasised that the optimal retirement age depends on other conditions, such as employment quality, retirement income and gender. These views were patterned: lower occupational-class participants emphasised income and job hazards, higher-class males emphasised job satisfaction and higher-class females emphasised gendered patterns. Women and lower-class participants were relatively more favourable to earlier retirements than men and higher-class participants. Overall, qualitative analyses of lay perspectives from understudied country contexts complement and extend population-based models focused on timing or retirement age, suggest specific characteristics of retirement transitions that may moderate health consequences, and highlight class and gender differences in views of retirement timing. More research is needed using mixed-methods approaches and leveraging both purposive and random samples.
Dynamics of COVID-19 transmission including indirect transmission mechanisms: a mathematical analysis
Authors: Meiksin A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has raised major health policy questions and dilemmas. Whilst respiratory droplets are believed to be the dominant transmission mechanisms, indirect transmission may also occur through shared contact of contaminated common objects that is not directly curtailed by a lockdown. The conditions under which contaminated common objects may lead to significant spread of coronavirus disease 2019 during lockdown and its easing is examined using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model with a fomite term added. Modelling the weekly death rate in the UK, a maximum-likelihood analysis finds a statistically significant fomite contribution, with 0.009 ± 0.001 (95% CI) infection-inducing fomites introduced into the environment per day per infectious person. Post-lockdown, comparison with the prediction of a corresponding counterfactual model with no fomite transmission suggests fomites, through enhancing the overall transmission rate, may have contributed to as much as 25% of the deaths following lockdown. It is suggested that adding a fomite term to more complex simulations may assist in the understanding of the spread of the illness and in making policy decisions to control it.
Unfree labour by free peasants: labour service in the Swedish and Finnish countryside, from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries
Authors: Rahikainen Marjatta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the received image of free Swedish and Finnish peasants, charting parallels with peasants in the Baltic region. It draws upon the post-Cold War discussion of free and unfree rural labour in early modern Europe. The discussion maintains that the labour service by free Swedish and Finnish peasant landholders and peasant tenants at its heaviest point may have been on a par with thecorvéein the early modern Baltic provinces. It is suggested that the Cold War mental map may have led to an overstatement of the East-West distinction between peasants’ circumstances in the Baltic Sea region.
Is there a relationship between morphological and functional platelet changes and depressive disorder?
Authors: Tagliarini Claudia , Carbone Manuel Glauco , Pagni Giovanni , Marazziti Donatella , Pomara Nunzio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlood platelets, due to shared biochemical and functional properties with presynaptic serotonergic neurons, constituted, over the years, an attractive peripheral biomarker of neuronal activity. Therefore, the literature strongly focused on the investigation of eventual structural and functional platelet abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in depressive disorder. Given their impact in biological psychiatry, the goal of the present paper was to review and critically analyze studies exploring platelet activity, functionality, and morpho-structure in subjects with depressive disorder.MethodsAccording to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to March 2020 with the search terms: (1)platelets in depression [Title/Abstract]”; (2) “(platelets[Title]) AND depressive disorder[Title/Abstract]”;(3)“(Platelet[Title]) AND major depressive disorder[Title]”;(4)(platelets[Title]) AND depressed[Title]”;(5)(platelets[Title]) AND depressive episode[Title]”;(6)(platelets[Title]) AND major depression[Title]”;(7)platelet activation in depression[All fields]”;and (8)platelet reactivity in depression[All fields].”ResultsAfter a detailed screening analysis and the application of specific selection criteria, we included in our review a total of 106 for qualitative synthesis. The studies were classified into various subparagraphs according to platelet characteristics analyzed: serotonergic system (5-HT2Areceptors, SERT activity, and 5-HT content), adrenergic system, MAO activity, biomarkers of activation, responsivity, morphological changes, and other molecular pathways.ConclusionsDespite the large amount of the literature examined, nonunivocal and, occasionally, conflicting results emerged. However, the findings on structural and metabolic alterations, modifications in the expression of specific proteins, changes in the aggregability, or in the responsivity to different pro-activating stimuli, may be suggestive of potential platelet dysfunctions in depressed subjects, which would result in a kind of hyperreactive state. This condition could potentially lead to an increased cardiovascular risk. In line with this hypothesis, we speculated that antidepressant treatments would seem to reduce this hyperreactivity while representing a potential tool for reducing cardiovascular risk in depressed patients and, maybe, in other neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the problem of the specificity of platelet biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
Using a Large‐n Seismic Array to Explore the Robustness of Spectral Estimations
Authors: Kemna K. B. , Peña Castro A. F. , Harrington R. M. , Cochran E. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpectral analysis is widely used to estimate and refine earthquake source parameters such as source radius, seismic moment, and stress drop. This study aims to quantify the precision of the single spectra and empirical Green's function spectral ratio approach using the Large‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) array. The dense station coverage in an area of local saltwater disposal offers a unique opportunity to observe and quantify radiation pattern effects and subsequent precision of spectral estimates of small earthquakes (M < 3). The results suggest that the precision of source properties estimated from direct phase arrivals for arrays with less than 20 stations should be assumed to be not less than 30% and could be as high as 150% if less than five stations are used. Furthermore, we do not see clear evidence for, or against, a scaling of stress drop with magnitude of small earthquakes (M < 3) as observed by other studies.
SERMeQ Model Produces a Realistic Upper Bound on Calving Retreat for 155 Greenland Outlet Glaciers
Authors: Ultee Lizz , Bassis Jeremy N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rate of land ice loss due to iceberg calving is a key source of variability among model projections of the 21st century sea level rise. It is especially challenging to account for mass loss due to iceberg calving in Greenland, where ice drains to the ocean through hundreds of outlet glaciers, many smaller than typical model grid scale. Here, we apply a numerically efficient network flowline model (SERMeQ) forced by surface mass balance to simulate an upper bound on decadal calving retreat of 155 grounded outlet glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet—resolving five times as many outlets as was previously possible. We show that the upper bound holds for 91% of glaciers examined and that simulated changes in terminus position correlate with observed changes. SERMeQ can provide a physically consistent constraint on forward projections of the dynamic mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet associated with different climate projections.
Effects of Nitrogen Limitation on Phytoplankton Physiology in the Western Arctic Ocean in Summer
Authors: Ko Eunho , Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Jung Jinyoung , Joo Hyoung Min , Lee Youngju , Cho Kyoung‐Ho , Yang Eun Jin , Kang Sung‐Ho , Park Jisoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean are subject to nitrogen limitation in the summer, however, how severely the nitrogen stress affects phytoplankton physiology remains largely unknown. In the summers of 2015–2018, we examined the distribution of phytoplankton photophysiological properties across two contrasting regions of the Arctic Ocean with distinctly different levels of nitrogen availability in the upper water column. We quantified the extent of nitrogen stress using a highly sensitive fluorescence induction and relaxation system to obtain continuous underway measurements and via discrete sample analyses of phytoplankton physiology, as well as nutrient enrichment incubations. The results revealed vast regions in the Chukchi Sea where phytoplankton photosynthesis was severely nitrogen‐stressed. Thereby, the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry in photosystem II showed only a small decrease (12 ± 9%) relative to its nutrient‐replete values, while the maximum photosynthetic electron transport rates under saturating irradiance were impaired to a greater extent (40 ± 17%). This phytoplankton photosynthesis response is indicative of a severe nitrogen limitation, which results in dramatic reduction in growth and net primary production rates. Nutrient enrichment incubations also revealed a marked increase in large‐size phytoplankton growth (>10 μm) after the nitrogen stress was alleviated, suggesting that the larger cells were more susceptible to nitrogen stress. These results are important for understanding how regional nitrogen fluxes control variability in the primary production and phytoplankton community structure and how these processes might change with rapid climate changes in the Arctic Ocean.