bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with tobacco cessation attempts among inpatients in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Otachi Janet K. , Seng Sarret , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionSeveral effective evidence-based tobacco treatment approaches can optimize cessation attempts; however, little is known about the utilization of such strategies by people with mental illnesses (MI) during their cessation attempts.AimsTo examine methods used during and factors associated with tobacco cessation attempts among people with MI.MethodsSelf-administered cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 132 tobacco using inpatients from a psychiatric facility in Kentucky, USA.ResultsOur study found ‘cold turkey’ as the most reported method by inpatient tobacco users with MI in their prior cessation attempts regardless of the psychiatric diagnosis category. Multivariate logistic regression found ethnicity (OR 26.1; 95% CI 2.9–237.1), age at 1st smoke (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.1), importance to quit (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.4), and receipt of brief tobacco treatment interventions (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.3) significantly associated with quit attempt in the past year.ConclusionDespite the existence of various evidence-based approaches to enhance tobacco cessation among people with MI, ‘cold-turkey’ was the most preferred method in this sample. In addition, this study highlighted ethnicity, importance to quit, age at 1st smoke, and receipt of brief interventions as important factors to consider when tailoring tobacco cessation in this population. Though ethnicity is a non-modifiable factor, an informed provider may intervene skillfully by addressing socio-cultural barriers specific to an ethnic group. Lower ratings on the motivation ruler and early age of smoking initiation could also inform providers when using motivational interviewing and other evidence-based tobacco-cessation approaches.
Chinese Economies in Ethnographic Perspective: Two case studies of intersecting socioeconomic diversity
Authors: KIPNIS ANDREW B. , CLIFF TOM 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents economic interactions in two Chinese socioeconomic realms: urban funerals and village-level welfare funds. Ethnographically examining these realms reveals that each of them comprises a diversity of economic processes and moralities. Our first point is thus that ‘the economy’ is a multiple rather than a singular entity. But just as important are the means by which actors move from one form of economy to another, bridging different sets of moral rules. Diverse economic processes and the methods of moving among them exist everywhere, but in China they also reflect the legal ambiguity under which much economic activity takes place. In addition to detailing the differing forms of economy and the ways of moving among them, we show how the intersection between these processes helps to reproduce a certain social order, at least under the socioeconomic conditions at the time of our research.
Cognitive Ageing in Top-Level Female Soccer Players Compared to a Normative Sample from the General Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prien Annika , Besuden Carolin , Junge Astrid , Feddermann-Demont Nina , Brugger Peter , Verhagen Evert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:There is an ongoing debate on the potential negative effect of contact sport participation on long-term neurocognitive performance due to inherent exposure to concussive and subconcussive head impacts. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive ageing is exacerbated in elite soccer players compared to the general population.Method:Neurocognitive performance in 6 domains was compared between 240 elite soccer players and a normative sample from the general population (n = 585) using the computerised test battery CNS Vital Signs. We used two-way factorial ANOVA to analyse the interaction between age groups (15–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49 years) and study population (female soccer players vs. norm sample) in their effects on neurocognitive performance.Results:We found no significant interaction effect of age group and study population in five of six test domains. For processing speed, the effect of age was more pronounced in female soccer players (F= 16.89,p= .002). Further, there was a clear main effect of study population on neurocognitive performance with generally better scores in soccer players.Conclusions:Elite female soccer players generally performed better than the norm sample on tests of cognitive function, and further, cognitive ageing effects were similar in elite soccer players and controls in all but one domain. A lifespan approach may facilitate insightful future research regarding questions related to long-term neurocognitive health in contact sport athletes.
Differences in pre-pregnancy diet quality by occupation among employed women
Authors: Zaganjor Ibrahim , Carmichael Suzan L , Agopian A J , Olshan Andrew F , Desrosiers Tania A ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:Maternal risk factors for pregnancy outcomes are known to vary by employment status. We evaluated whether pre-pregnancy diet quality varies by occupation in a population-based sample.Design:We analysed interview data from 7341 mothers in a national case–control study of pregnancy outcomes. Self-reported job(s) held during the 3 months before pregnancy were classified using Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes. Usual diet in the year before conception was assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ and evaluated using the Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P). Using logistic regression, we calculated adjusted OR and 95 % CI to estimate associations between low diet quality (defined as the lowest quartile of DQI-P scores) and occupation types.Setting:The National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Utah.Participants:Employed mothers of infants born between 1997 and 2011.Results:No occupation was strongly associated with low diet quality. Moderate but relatively imprecise associations were observed for women employed in management (OR: 1·3; 95 % CI: 1·1, 1·7); arts, design, entertainment, sports and media (OR: 1·4; 95 % CI: 0·9, 2·1); protective service (OR 1·3; 95 % CI: 0·7, 2·5) and farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (OR: 0·5; 95 % CI: 0·2, 1·1).Conclusions:Our analyses suggest that women in certain occupations may have lower diet quality in the months before pregnancy. Further research is needed to determine whether certain occupations could benefit from interventions to improve diet quality in the workplace for women of reproductive age.
Wilderness Aplenty, but Prophets Few: Religion and the Problem(s) of a New Gilded Age
Authors: Carter Heath W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay argues that, whatever the continuities between the religious worlds of the late nineteenth century and those of our own time, the discontinuities are significant enough that we should be cautious in deploying the notion of a new Gilded Age. In particular, the prevalence of work-class conservatism in recent decades stands in stark contrast to the roiling debates and radical departures spearheaded by working-class believers involved with the early labor movement.
Perceived Benefits and Costs Contribute to Young and Older	Adults’ Selectivity in Social Relationships
Authors: O’Brien Erica L. , Hess Thomas M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This article explores the influence of perceived benefits and costs on willingness to engage in social interactions in 32 young adults aged 20 to 40 years and 38 older adults aged 65 to 85 years. Results showed (1) increases in perceived benefits and importance of each relationship but decreases in perceived costs associated with increases in network centrality, (2) reduced willingness in older adults to engage with social partners for whom perceived costs outweighed benefits, and (3) perceived costs and benefits subsumed the effects of the affective qualities of social interactions. Findings support an analysis of social behavior based on the selective engagement theory ( Hess, 2014 ), with selection effects in willingness to engage in social interactions related to perceived benefits and costs.
MPAS‐Ocean Simulation Quality for Variable‐Resolution North American Coastal Meshes
Authors: Hoch Kristin E. , Petersen Mark R. , Brus Steven R. , Engwirda Darren , Roberts Andrew F. , Rosa Kevin L. , Wolfram Phillip J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate model components utilizing unstructured meshes enable variable resolution, regionally enhanced simulations within global domains. Here we investigate the relationship between mesh quality and simulation statistics using the JIGSAW unstructured meshing library and the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Ocean (MPAS‐Ocean) with a focus on Gulf Stream dynamics. In the base configuration, the refined region employs 8 km cells that extend 400 km from the coast of North America. This coastal‐refined region is embedded within a low‐resolution global domain, with cell size varying latitudinally between 30 and 60 km. The resolution transition region between the refined region and background mesh is 600 km wide. Three sensitivity tests are conducted: (a) The quality of meshes is intentionally degraded so that horizontal cells are progressively more distorted; (b) the transition region from high to low resolution is steepened; and (c) resolution of the coastal refinement region is varied from 30 to 8 km. Overall, the ocean simulations are shown to be robust to mesh resolution and quality alterations. Meshes that are substantially degraded still produce realistic currents, with Southern Ocean transports within 0.4% and Gulf Stream transports within 12% of high‐quality mesh results. The narrowest transition case of 100 km did not produce any spurious effects. Refined regions with high‐resolution produce eddy kinetic energy and sea surface height variability that are similar to the high‐resolution reference simulation. These results provide heuristics for the design criteria of variable‐resolution climate model domains.
An Orographic‐Drag Parametrization Scheme Including Orographic Anisotropy for All Flow Directions
Authors: Xie Jinbo , Zhang Minghua , Xie Zhenghui , Liu Hailong , Chai Zhaoyang , He JuanXiong , Zhang He 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrographic drag is an essential process for numerical weather predictions in complex terrain regions, which depends on the inflow direction. In this study, we define the orographic asymmetry vector (OAV) for a coarse grid as the normalized vector between the grid's center point and its center of mass, and the orographic asymmetry in a flow direction—which describes the inclination direction and the extent of the subgrid terrain—is calculated as the projection of OAV on this direction. Calculations of the effective orographic length (OL) and the model grid length λ are extended to all flow directions. A new orographic drag scheme, which considers the effect of orographic anisotropy in all directions, is then developed based on the OAV projection and the extended OL and λ for any given direction. Sensitivity tests of the orographic drag under the new scheme are conducted using a 5 m/s vertically uniform wind along different directions for four coarse grid points in typical mountain regions. The new scheme is shown to provide a more continuous transition of the orographic parameters and the resulting stress as a function of flow direction than piecewise transition of schemes with only eight directions. The predicted momentum flux profile of the new scheme is compared with mountain‐wave simulations obtained from the integrated modeling system IAP‐WRF (Institute of Atmospheric Physics‐Weather Research and Forecasting Model) for the Rocky Mountain. The new scheme is shown to predict an overall narrower stress scatter about the reference simulation than the old scheme.
Inhibition of CDK9 by voruciclib synergistically enhances cell death induced by the Bcl-2 selective inhibitor venetoclax in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Luedtke Daniel A. , Su Yongwei , Ma Jun , Li Xinyu , Buck Steven A. , Edwards Holly , Polin Lisa , Kushner Juiwanna , Dzinic Sijana H. , White Kathryn , Lin Hai , Taub Jeffrey W. , Ge Yubin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVenetoclax, an FDA-approved Bcl-2 selective inhibitor for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is tolerated well in elderly patients with AML and has good overall response rates; however, resistance remains a concern. In this study, we show that targeting CDK9 with voruciclib in combination with venetoclax results in synergistic antileukemic activity against AML cell lines and primary patient samples. CDK9 inhibition enhances venetoclax activity through downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-Myc. However, downregulation of Mcl-1 is transient, which necessitates an intermittent treatment schedule to allow for repeated downregulation of Mcl-1. Accordingly, an every other day schedule of the CDK9 inhibitor is effective in vitro and in vivo in enhancing the efficacy of venetoclax. Our preclinical data provide a rationale for an intermittent drug administration schedule for the clinical evaluation of the combination treatment for AML.
The anti-viral dynamin family member MxB participates in mitochondrial integrity
Authors: Cao Hong , Krueger E. W. , Chen Jing , Drizyte-Miller Kristina , Schulz Mary E. , McNiven Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe membrane deforming dynamin family members MxA and MxB are large GTPases that convey resistance to a variety of infectious viruses. During viral infection, Mx proteins are known to show markedly increased expression via an interferon-responsive promoter to associate with nuclear pores. In this study we report that MxB is an inner mitochondrial membrane GTPase that plays an important role in the morphology and function of this organelle. Expression of mutant MxB or siRNA knockdown of MxB leads to fragmented mitochondria with disrupted inner membranes that are unable to maintain a proton gradient, while expelling their nucleoid-based genome into the cytoplasm. These findings implicate a dynamin family member in mitochondrial-based changes frequently observed during an interferon-based, anti-viral response.
Metal-organic frameworks as kinetic modulators for branched selectivity in hydroformylation
Authors: Bauer Gerald , Ongari Daniele , Tiana Davide , Gäumann Patrick , Rohrbach Thomas , Pareras Gerard , Tarik Mohamed , Smit Berend , Ranocchiari Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFinding heterogeneous catalysts that are superior to homogeneous ones for selective catalytic transformations is a major challenge in catalysis. Here, we show how micropores in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) push homogeneous catalytic reactions into kinetic regimes inaccessible under standard conditions. Such property allows branched selectivity up to 90% in the Co-catalysed hydroformylation of olefins without directing groups, not achievable with existing catalysts. This finding has a big potential in the production of aldehydes for the fine chemical industry. Monte Carlo and density functional theory simulations combined with kinetic models show that the micropores of MOFs with UMCM-1 and MOF-74 topologies increase the olefins density beyond neat conditions while partially preventing the adsorption of syngas leading to high branched selectivity. The easy experimental protocol and the chemical and structural flexibility of MOFs will attract the interest of the fine chemical industries towards the design of heterogeneous processes with exceptional selectivity.
Ultrafast enzymatic digestion of proteins by microdroplet mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhong Xiaoqin , Chen Hao , Zare Richard N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnzymatic digestion for protein sequencing usually requires much time, and does not always result in high sequence coverage. Here we report the use of aqueous microdroplets to accelerate enzymatic reactions and, in particular, to improve protein sequencing. When a room temperature aqueous solution containing 10 µM myoglobin and 5 µg mL−1 trypsin is electrosonically sprayed (−3 kV) from a homemade setup to produce tiny (∼9 µm) microdroplets, we obtain 100% sequence coverage in less than 1 ms of digestion time, in sharp contrast to 60% coverage achieved by incubating the same solution at 37 °C for 14 h followed by analysis with a commercial electrospray ionization source that produces larger (∼60 µm) droplets. We also confirm the sequence of the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab (∼148 kDa), with a sequence coverage of 100% for light chains and 85% for heavy chains, demonstrating the practical utility of microdroplets in drug development.
Comprehensive draft of the mouse embryonic fibroblast lysosomal proteome by mass spectrometry based proteomics
Authors: Ponnaiyan Srigayatri , Akter Fatema , Singh Jasjot , Winter Dominic 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLysosomes are the main degradative organelles of cells and involved in a variety of processes including the recycling of macromolecules, storage of compounds, and metabolic signaling. Despite an increasing interest in the proteomic analysis of lysosomes, no systematic study of sample preparation protocols for lysosome enriched fractions has been performed to date. In the current study, we used samples enriched for lysosomes by paramagnetic nanoparticles and systematically evaluated experimental parameters for the analysis of the lysosomal proteome. This includes different approaches for the concentration of lysosome-containing fractions; desalting of samples by solid phase extraction; fractionation of peptide samples; and different gradient lengths for LC-MS/MS analyses of unfractionated samples by data dependent and data independent acquisition. Furthermore, we evaluated four different digestion methods including filter aided sample preparation (FASP), in-gel digestion, and in-solution digestion using either RapiGest or urea. Using the combined data, we generated a benchmark lysosomal proteome data set for mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as a spectral library for the analysis of lysosomes by data independent acquisition.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection impairs insulin secretion by regulation of p38δ MAPK-dependent exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Chen Jizheng , Wang Fang , Zhou Yue , Jiang Jing , Ksimu Sulaiman , Zhang Xu , Li John Zhong , Niu Junqi , Wang Qian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a close association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the mechanisms of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients have been extensively studied, little attention has been given to the role of β-cell function in HCV-associated diabetes. Here, we analysed β-cell function in CHC patients and HCV-infected mouse model and found in addition to insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic β-cell function occurred in CHC patients and HCV-infected C/OTg mice, not only in diabetic individuals but also in individuals with impaired fasting glucose levels. Both first-phase and second-phase insulin secretion were impaired, at least partially due to the reduction of exocytosis of secretory insulin-containing granules following HCV infection. Up-regulated p38δ in HCV-infected β-cells resulted in inactivation of protein kinase D (PKD), which was responsible for impaired insulin secretory capacity of β-cells. Thus, impaired insulin secretion due to HCV infection in β-cells contributes to HCV-associated type 2 diabetes. These findings provided a new inspiration for the important prognostic and therapeutic implications in the management of CHC patients with impaired fasting glucose.
Toward a Consensus Description of Vocal Effort, Vocal Load, Vocal Loading, and Vocal Fatigue
Authors: Hunter Eric J. , Cantor-Cutiva Lady Catherine , van Leer Eva , van Mersbergen Miriam , Nanjundeswaran Chaya Devie , Bottalico Pasquale , Sandage Mary J. , Whitling Susanna 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this document is threefold: (a) review the uses of the terms “vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading” (as found in the literature) in order to track the occurrence and the related evolution of research; (b) present a “linguistically modeled” definition of the same from the review of literature on the terms; and (c) propose conceptualized definitions of the concepts.MethodA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Four terms (“vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading”), as well as possible variants, were included in the search, and their usages were compiled into conceptual definitions. Finally, a focus group of eight experts in the field (current authors) worked together to make conceptual connections and proposed consensus definitions.ResultsThe occurrence and frequency of “vocal load,” “vocal loading,” “vocal effort,” and “vocal fatigue” in the literature are presented, and summary definitions are developed. The results indicate that these terms appear to be often interchanged with blurred distinctions. Therefore, the focus group proposes the use of two new terms, “vocal demand” and “vocal demand response,” in place of the terms “vocal load” and “vocal loading.” We also propose standardized definitions for all four concepts.ConclusionThrough a comprehensive literature search, the terms “vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading” were explored, new terms were proposed, and standardized definitions were presented. Future work should refine these proposed definitions as research continues to address vocal health concerns.