bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of guidelines for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Zhang Zheng‐zhi‐peng , Zhang Shao‐zhao , Zhou Hui‐min , Fan Yong‐qiang , Liu Meng‐hui , Zhong Xiang‐bin , Yang Da‐ya , Guo Yue , Zhuang Xiao‐dong , Liao Xin‐xue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn most situations, many patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which is also required after CABG. The adjustment of antiplatelet strategy remains controversial. In this study, we systematically review current guidelines, seeking consensus and controversies to facilitate clinical practice.Methods and ResultsGuidelines are searched in PubMed, Embase, ECRI Guidelines Trust and websites of guidelines organizations and professional society. Guidelines with recommendations of DAPT for patients undergo CABG are included. Two reviewers appraised guidelines with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II). Relevant recommendations are extracted and summarized. A total of 14 guidelines meeting inclusion criteria are selected, with average AGREE II scores from 44% to 86%. Most guidelines score high in domains other than ‘applicability’. Many guidelines are not detailed enough in reporting considerations behind recommendations. Current guidelines are consistent on the management of antiplatelet strategy before elective CABG and using DAPT after surgery for preventing graft vessel occlusion. Evidence is still lacking in urgent CABG and resumption of the previous DAPT after surgery.ConclusionsCurrent guidelines on DAPT in CABG are generally satisfying. Suspending P2Y12 inhibitors while aspirin continued before elective CABG is recommended, as well as 12 months of DAPT following CABG. More evidence is needed to guide antiplatelet therapy in urgent CABG and to prove the benefits of resuming previous DAPT.
Elevated levels of IL‐18 associated with schizophrenia and first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Syed Ali Alamdar Shah , He Lin , Shi Yongyong , Mahmood Shahid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether interleukin 18 (IL‐18) is elevated in the blood of schizophrenia (SCZ) and first episode psychosis patients, as well as investigate whether this potential relationship is causal.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of IL‐18 levels in the blood of SCZ patients, comprising of both chronic and first episode psychosis (FEP) cohorts. To investigate causality, we undertook the two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.ResultsA total of eight studies were included in our meta‐analysis, our results did indeed show an association between elevated levels of IL‐18 and SCZ compared to healthy controls (Z = 3.50, P = .0005). This association remained significant in subsequent subgroup analyses for chronic (Z = 3.15, P = .002) and achieved borderline significance in FEP (Z = 1.93, P = .05) SCZ. Our MR analysis failed to detect any causal relationship between IL‐18 levels and SCZ.ConclusionThe results of our study demonstrate that even though IL‐18 levels are elevated in SCZ patients, IL‐18 levels do not seem to cause of the disorder itself. Our findings suggest that IL‐18 may have utility as a biomarker of SCZ and aid in research into the early intervention of the disease.
Impact of platelets on major thrombosis in patients with a normal white blood cell count in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Wolf Dominik , Sormann Siegfried , Forjan Ernst , Schimetta Wolfgang , Gisslinger Bettina , Heibl Sonja , Krauth Maria Theresa , Thiele Jürgen , Ruckser Reinhard , Gisslinger Heinz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesCell counts have a significant impact on the complex mechanism of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We recently demonstrated a considerable impact of white blood cell (WBC) counts on thrombotic risk in patients with optimized platelet counts by analysing a large anagrelide registry. In contrast, the current analysis of the registry aimed to estimate the influence of platelet counts on thrombotic risk in patients with optimized WBC counts.MethodsCox regression analysis and Kaplan‐Meier plot were applied on all patients in the registry with optimized WBC counts.ResultsBy using the calculated cut‐off of 593 G/L for platelets, Cox regression analysis revealed a clear influence of elevated platelet counts on the occurrence of a major thrombotic event (P < .001). A Kaplan‐Meier plot revealed a markedly shorter time to a major thrombotic event for patients with platelet counts above the cut‐off (P < .001).ConclusionsThe data show clear impact of platelet lowering on the thrombotic risk in ET patients with normal WBC counts. Therefore, selective platelet lowering with anagrelide appears sufficient for thrombotic risk reduction in WHO‐diagnosed ET patients lacking leukocytosis.
Bi‐allelic mutations in EGR2 cause autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy by disrupting the EGR2‐NAB complex
Authors: Lupo V. , Won S. , Frasquet M. , Schnitzler M. S. , Komath S. S. , Pascual‐Pascual S. I. , Espinós C. , Svaren J. , Sevilla T. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeMutations in the early growth response 2 gene (EGR2) cause demyelinating, but also axonal, neuropathies differing in severity and age of onset. Except for one family, all reported cases have autosomal dominant inheritance and mutations are localized within the three zinc finger (ZNF) DNA‐binding domain. The aim of this study was to provide a clinical and molecular analysis of a novel recessive mutation in EGR2.MethodsClinical and electrophysiological assessments of three affected patients, from a consanguineous family, were performed. Genetic analyses of EGR2 were carried out by Sanger sequencing. Functional effects of clinical recessive mutations were assessed using a mammalian two‐hybrid assay.ResultsA novel missense mutation (c.791C>T; p.P264L) in the homozygous state was detected outside the ZNF domains of the EGR2 gene. Three affected siblings presented with distal demyelinating polyneuropathy with severe sensory loss, progressive thoracolumbar scoliosis and trigeminal neuralgia. Respiratory compromise and cranial nerve dysfunction were also found. Our data indicate that the p.P264L mutation prevents interaction of EGR2 transcription factor with NAB corepressors, suggesting that a disruption of the NAB‐EGR2 protein interactions can result in dramatic neuropathy.ConclusionMutations in, or next to, the R1 domain of EGR2 should be considered with extreme caution for genetic counseling, since these could cause a severe neuropathy with an autosomal recessive manner of transmission.
On the estimation of inbreeding depression using different measures of inbreeding from molecular markers
Authors: Caballero Armando , Villanueva Beatriz , Druet Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inbreeding coefficient (F) of individuals can be estimated from molecular marker data, such as SNPs, using measures of homozygosity of individual markers or runs of homozygosity (ROH) across the genome. These different measures of F can then be used to estimate the rate of inbreeding depression (ID) for quantitative traits. Some recent simulation studies have investigated the accuracy of this estimation with contradictory results. Whereas some studies suggest that estimates of inbreeding from ROH account more accurately for ID, others suggest that inbreeding measures from SNP‐by‐SNP homozygosity giving a large weight to rare alleles are more accurate. Here, we try to give more light on this issue by carrying out a set of computer simulations considering a range of population genetic parameters and population sizes. Our results show that the previous studies are indeed not contradictory. In populations with low effective size, where relationships are more tight and selection is relatively less intense, F measures based on ROH provide very accurate estimates of ID whereas SNP‐by‐SNP‐based F measures with high weight to rare alleles can show substantial upwardly biased estimates of ID. However, in populations of large effective size, with more intense selection and trait allele frequencies expected to be low if they are deleterious for fitness because of purifying selection, average estimates of ID from SNP‐by‐SNP‐based F values become unbiased or slightly downwardly biased and those from ROH‐based F values become slightly downwardly biased. The noise attached to all these estimates, nevertheless, can be very high in large‐sized populations. We also investigate the relationship between the different F measures and the homozygous mutation load, which has been suggested as a proxy of inbreeding depression.
Optimizing video sampling for juvenile fish surveys: Using deep learning and evaluation of assumptions to produce critical fisheries parameters
Authors: Sheaves Marcus , Bradley Michael , Herrera Cesar , Mattone Carlo , Lennard Caitlin , Sheaves Janine , Konovalov Dmitry A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe limitations imposed by traditional sampling methods have restricted the acquisition of data on key fisheries parameters. This is particularly the case for juveniles because most traditional gear explicitly avoids the capture of juveniles, and the juveniles of many species use habitats in which traditional gear is ineffective. The increasing availability and sophistication of Remote Underwater Video Techniques (RUVs) such as Baited Remote Underwater Video, Unbaited Remote Underwater Video and Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles offer the opportunity of overcoming some of the key limitations of more traditional approaches. However, RUV techniques come with their own set of limitations that need to be addressed before they can fully realize their potential to shed new light on the early life history of fish. We evaluate key strengths and limitations of RUV techniques, and how these can be overcome, in particular by employing bespoke computer vision Artificial Intelligence approaches, such as Deep Learning in its Convolutional Neural Networks instantiation. In addition, we investigate residual issues that remain to be solved despite the advances made possible by new technology, and the role of explicitly identifying and evaluating key residual assumptions.
Closing the pre and in‐service gap: Perceptions and implementation of the IPA during student teaching
Authors: Eddy Jennifer , Bustamante Carolina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research explored the experiences of nine preservice teacher candidates of Spanish in world language teacher education programs at two higher education institutions implementing the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) as Student Teachers (ST), as well as perceptions of seven Cooperating Teachers (CTs) and the University Field Supervisor. This qualitative, multiple‐case study included data from interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) STs’ preparation and CT's familiarity with the IPA; (b) STs’ implementation of IPA and CTs’ reactions; (c) impact of clinical experience on STs and CTs' pedagogical beliefs; and (d) professional development needs. The article concludes with recommendations for world language teacher certification programs and professional development opportunities for in‐service, CTs.
Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes
Authors: Beas‐Luna Rodrigo , Micheli Fiorenza , Woodson C. Brock , Carr Mark , Malone Dan , Torre Jorge , Boch Charles , Caselle Jennifer E. , Edwards Matt , Freiwald Jan , Hamilton Scott L. , Hernandez Arturo , Konar Brenda , Kroeker Kristy J. , Lorda Julio , Montaño‐Moctezuma Gabriela , Torres‐Moye Guillermo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe changing global climate is having profound effects on coastal marine ecosystems around the world. Structure, functioning, and resilience, however, can vary geographically, depending on species composition, local oceanographic forcing, and other pressures from human activities and use. Understanding ecological responses to environmental change and predicting changes in the structure and functioning of whole ecosystems require large‐scale, long‐term studies, yet most studies trade spatial extent for temporal duration. We address this shortfall by integrating multiple long‐term kelp forest monitoring datasets to evaluate biogeographic patterns and rates of change of key functional groups (FG) along the west coast of North America. Analysis of data from 469 sites spanning Alaska, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and 373 species (assigned to 18 FG) reveals regional variation in responses to both long‐term (2006–2016) change and a recent marine heatwave (2014–2016) associated with two atmospheric and oceanographic anomalies, the “Blob” and extreme El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Canopy‐forming kelps appeared most sensitive to warming throughout their range. Other FGs varied in their responses among trophic levels, ecoregions, and in their sensitivity to heatwaves. Changes in community structure were most evident within the southern and northern California ecoregions, while communities in the center of the range were more resilient. We report a poleward shift in abundance of some key FGs. These results reveal major, ongoing region‐wide changes in productive coastal marine ecosystems in response to large‐scale climate variability, and the potential loss of foundation species. In particular, our results suggest that coastal communities that are dependent on kelp forests will be more impacted in the southern portion of the California Current region, highlighting the urgency of implementing adaptive strategies to sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. The results also highlight the value of multiregional integration and coordination of monitoring programs for improving our understanding of marine ecosystems, with the goal of informing policy and resource management in the future.
Mapping the effectiveness of nature‐based solutions for climate change adaptation
Authors: Chausson Alexandre , Turner Beth , Seddon Dan , Chabaneix Nicole , Girardin Cécile A. J. , Kapos Valerie , Key Isabel , Roe Dilys , Smith Alison , Woroniecki Stephen , Seddon Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNature‐based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political traction. However, national intentions to deploy NbS have yet to be fully translated into evidence‐based targets and action on the ground. To enable NbS policy and practice to be better informed by science, we produced the first global systematic map of evidence on the effectiveness of nature‐based interventions for addressing the impacts of climate change and hydrometeorological hazards on people. Most of the interventions in natural or semi‐natural ecosystems were reported to have ameliorated adverse climate impacts. Conversely, interventions involving created ecosystems (e.g., afforestation) were associated with trade‐offs; such studies primarily reported reduced soil erosion or increased vegetation cover but lower water availability, although this evidence was geographically restricted. Overall, studies reported more synergies than trade‐offs between reduced climate impacts and broader ecological, social, and climate change mitigation outcomes. In addition, nature‐based interventions were most often shown to be as effective or more so than alternative interventions for addressing climate impacts. However, there were substantial gaps in the evidence base. Notably, there were few studies of the cost‐effectiveness of interventions compared to alternatives and few integrated assessments considering broader social and ecological outcomes. There was also a bias in evidence toward the Global North, despite communities in the Global South being generally more vulnerable to climate impacts. To build resilience to climate change worldwide, it is imperative that we protect and harness the benefits that nature can provide, which can only be done effectively if informed by a strengthened evidence base.
The impacts of fiscal decentralization on environmental innovation in China
Authors: Zhou Kuo , Zhou Baicheng , Yu Mengmeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental innovation is the fundamental support for sustainable development. Exploiting Chinese provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study investigates the impacts of fiscal decentralization on environmental innovation. In particular, we discuss the regulating role of government’s environmental protection expenditures relying on the mediator effect model. The empirical analyses show that fiscal decentralization cannot only directly promote environmental innovation, but also indirectly weaken environmental innovation through the environmental protection expenditure of the local government. The overall performance is that fiscal decentralization promotes environmental innovation. It is noteworthy that there is regional heterogeneity in the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental innovation. The impact in the east is significantly higher than in the central and western regions in China.
The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms in men with or at risk of HIV infection
Authors: Basil RC , Brown TT , Haberlen S , Rubin LH , Plankey M , Becker JT , Lake JE , Palella FJ , Sarkar S 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of comorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms in men living with HIV (MLWH) with that in men without HIV infection and to determine associations between glycaemic control and depressive symptoms.MethodsParticipants included 920 MLWH and 840 men without HIV infection from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with available data regarding glycaemic status [categorized as normal for fasting blood glucose (FBG) < 100 mg/dL, prediabetes for FBG 100–125 mg/dL, and diabetes, defined by self‐report, diabetes medication use or FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL on at least two consecutive visits, with diabetes classified as controlled if Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) < 7.5% and uncontrolled if HbA1C ≥ 7.5%]. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) score, with CES‐D ≥ 16 scores classified as elevated depressive symptoms. A modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was used and adjusted for covariates including HIV serostatus.ResultsCompared to men without HIV infection, MLWH had a higher mean CES‐D score, but a similar prevalence of diabetes (11.3% versus 12.8%, respectively; P = 0.33). The concomitant prevalence of diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms did not differ by HIV serostatus (P = 0.215). In an adjusted analysis, men with uncontrolled diabetes had a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to men with normoglycaemia (prevalence ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.84). The association between glycaemic status and depressive symptoms did not differ by HIV serostatus (P = 0.22 for interaction).ConclusionsBoth controlled and uncontrolled diabetes were independently associated with a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms, regardless of HIV serostatus. These results highlight the importance of identifying depression in people with diabetes.
The ‘Great Decarceration’: Historical Trends and Future Possibilities
Authors: COX PAMELA , GODFREY BARRY 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the 19th Century, hundreds of thousands of people were caught up in what Foucault famously referred to as the ‘great confinement’, or ‘great incarceration’, spanning reformatories, prisons, asylums, and more. Levels of institutional incarceration increased dramatically across many parts of Europe and the wider world through the expansion of provision for those defined as socially marginal, deviant, or destitute. While this trend has been the focus of many historical studies, much less attention has been paid to the dynamics of ‘the great decarceration’ that followed for much of the early‐ to mid‐20th Century. This article opens with an overview of these early decarceration trends in the English adult and youth justice systems and suggests why these came to an end from the 1940s onwards. It then explores parallels with marked decarceration trends today, notably in youth justice, and suggests how these might be expedited, extended, and protected.
Policy Responses to Domestic Violence, the Criminalisation Thesis and ‘Learning from History’
Authors: WILLIAMS LUCY , WALKLATE SANDRA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ‘criminalisation thesis’ has proved a contentious but defining feature of modern social and legal responses to domestic violence since the 1970s. However, criminalisation has not always been the focus of legal attempts to tackle violence or offer recourse to victims. This article uses historical examples to explore the potential of legislative intervention outside of criminal law in tackling violence against women. While the Victorians introduced the first criminal legislation specifically developed to tackle domestic violence, the intervention remained singular. Those addressing violence against women soon shifted their focus towards achieving broader social and cultural change via civil law. Legislators sought to reduce the vulnerability of women to exploitation and violence at the hands of their husbands through reforms to child custody, divorce, and property law. The authors find there are relevant lessons to be learned from addressing domestic violence in this way, which might usefully inform current policy direction.