bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butein induces cellular senescence through reactive oxygen species‐mediated p53 activation in osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Ken , Chen Hsuan‐Ying , Wu Chia‐Chieh , Huang Ying‐Chih , Hsieh Cheng‐Pu , Su Po‐Feng , Huang Yi‐Fu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractButein is a flavonoid isolated from various medicinal plants. It is known to have different biological activities including anti‐inflammation, anti‐adipogenesis, and anti‐angiogenesis. In the study, we demonstrated the anti‐proliferative effect of butein in human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells. Our data showed that butein significantly suppressed the viability and colony formation ability of U‐2 OS cells. Further experiments revealed butein exposure resulted in a cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phase in U‐2 OS cells. Importantly, we found that butein activated the tumor suppressor p53, and trigged a p53‐dependent senescence in U‐2 OS cells. Knockdown of p53 suppressed the senescence and rescued the viability in butein‐treated U‐2 OS cells. Furthermore, we observed that butein exposure significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in U‐2 OS cells. Co‐administration of the ROS inhibitor NAC largely abolished the up‐regulated p53 protein level, and rescued the suppressed viability and colony formation ability in butein‐exposed U‐2 OS cells. Taken together, our data proposed the increased ROS by butein exposure activated p53, and the activated p53 was involved in the anti‐proliferative effect of butein via inducing senescence in U‐2 OS cells. This report suggests that butein is a promising candidate for cancer therapy against osteosarcoma.
Methode
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungFür diese Arbeit kombiniere ich phonetische und korpuslinguistische Methoden, indem akustische Messwerte an den von meinen Annotationen ausgezeichneten Stellen aus dem Audiosignal extrahiert und weiter analysiert werden. Zusätzlich definiere ich Annotationswerte, die das akustische Signal beschreiben und in die Analyse einfließen. Dies geht über die ‚klassische‘ Korpusauswertung „gesprochener Korpora“ (Wichmann 2008) hinaus, die sich zwar auf Transkripte von Sprachaufnahmen bezieht (vgl. Kübler & Zinsmeister 2015: 4), aber die in ihnen enthalten „sound patterns“ außen vor lässt (Wichmann 2008: 189).
Ergebnisse der konfirmatorischen Studie
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Hypothese der Formvariabilität lautet die Nullhypothese, dass in BeDiaCoc die gleichen Füllpartikelformen zu finden sind wie in GECO-FP. Im Rahmen der Form-Kontext-Hypothese lautet die Nullhypothese, dass die in BeDiaCoc enthaltenen Füllpartikelformen die gleichen Kontextabhängigkeiten zeigen wie in GECO-FP.
Universal Free Choice from Concessive Copular Conditionals in Tibetan
Authors: Erlewine Michael Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI describe the expression of free choice in Tibetan, which involves the combination of awh-word, copula, conditional morphology, and a scalar ‘even’ particle. I demonstrate that the conventional semantics of these ingredients successfully combine to derive universal free choice meaning. This motivates a new approach to the compositional semantics of universal free choice, which does not prescribe its universal force. This quantificational force is parasitic on the modal/temporal operator which is restricted by the conditional; the scalar ‘even’ particle then ensures that the conditional restricts a necessity modal.
Liouville reflection operator, affine Yangian and Bethe ansatz
Authors: Litvinov Alexey , Vilkoviskiy Ilya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In these notes we study integrable structure of conformal field theory by means of Liouville reflection operator/Maulik Okounkov R-matrix. We discuss relation between RLL and current realization of the affine Yangian of $$ \mathfrak{gl}(1) $$
gl

1

. We construct the family of commuting transfer matrices related to the Intermediate Long Wave hierarchy and derive Bethe ansatz equations for their spectra discovered by Nekrasov and Okounkov and independently by one of the authors. Our derivation mostly follows the one by Feigin, Jimbo, Miwa and Mukhin, but is adapted to the conformal case.
Complexity of mixed Gaussian states from Fisher information geometry
Authors: Di Giulio Giuseppe , Tonni Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the circuit complexity for mixed bosonic Gaussian states in harmonic lattices in any number of dimensions. By employing the Fisher information geometry for the covariance matrices, we consider the optimal circuit connecting two states with vanishing first moments, whose length is identified with the complexity to create a target state from a reference state through the optimal circuit. Explicit proposals to quantify the spectrum complexity and the basis complexity are discussed. The purification of the mixed states is also analysed. In the special case of harmonic chains on the circle or on the infinite line, we report numerical results for thermal states and reduced density matrices.
A role for primary cilia in coral calcification?
Authors: Tambutté Eric , Ganot Philippe , Venn Alexander A , Tambutté Sylvie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that extend from the surface of cells and are found in diverse organisms from protozoans to multicellular organisms. Motile cilia play various biological functions by their beating motion, including mixing fluids and transporting food particles. Non-motile cilia act as sensors that signal cells about their microenvironment. In corals, cilia have been described in some of the cell layers but never in the calcifying epithelium, which is responsible for skeleton formation. In the present study, we used scanning electron microscopy and immunolabelling to investigate the cellular ciliature of the different tissue layers of the coralStylophora pistillata, with a focus on the calcifying calicoblastic ectoderm. We show that the cilium of the calcifying cells is different from the cilium of the other cell layers. It is much shorter, and more importantly, its base is structurally distinct from the base observed in cilia of the other tissue layers. Based on these structural observations, we conclude that the cilium of the calcifying cells is a primary cilium. From what is known in other organisms, primary cilia are sensors that signal cells about their microenvironment. We discuss the implications of the presence of a primary cilium in the calcifying epithelium for our understanding of the cellular physiology driving coral calcification and its environmental sensitivity.
False iodine-131 MIBG scintigraphy findings in adrenal tumors: correlation with MR imaging
Authors: Dell’Aversana Serena , Romeo Valeria , Assante Roberta , Klain Michele , Maurea Simone 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report our experience regarding the occurrence of false radionuclide findings in adrenal iodine-131 MIBG scintigraphy. We present a total of five patients in which nuclear images were false negative or positive in three and two cases, respectively, according to the standard radionuclide established criteria. In particular, the three cases of false-negative MIBG images consisted of two patients with necrotic or cystic pheochromocytomas (Cases 1 and 3) and a patient with a small pheochromocytoma (Case 2); the two cases of false-positive MIBG imaging consisted of a patient with an adenoma showing intense tracer uptake and of a large primary necrotic carcinoma with heterogeneous tracer concentration.
Invisible epidemics: ethics and asymptomatic infection
Authors: Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Selgelid Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInteractions between microbes and human hosts can lead to a wide variety of possible outcomes including benefits to the host, asymptomatic infection, disease (which can be more or less severe), and/or death. Whether or not they themselves eventually develop disease, asymptomatic carriers can often transmit disease-causing pathogens to others. This phenomenon has a range of ethical implications for clinical medicine, public health, and infectious disease research. The implications of asymptomatic infection are especially significant in situations where, and/or to the extent that, the microbe in question is transmissible, potentially harmful, and/or untreatable. This article reviews the history and concept of asymptomatic infection, and relevant ethical issues associated with this phenomenon. It illustrates the role and ethical significance of asymptomatic infection in outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics–including recent crises involving drug resistance, Zika, and Covid19. Serving as the Introduction to this Special Issue of Monash Bioethics Review, it also provides brief summaries of the other articles comprising this collection.
Resource and waste quantification scenarios for wind turbine decommissioning in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tota-Maharaj Kiran , McMahon Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWind power produces more electricity than any other form of renewable energy in the United Kingdom (UK) and plays a key role in decarbonisation of the grid. Although wind energy is seen as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, there are still several environmental impacts associated with all stages of the lifecycle of a wind farm. This study determined the material composition for wind turbines for various sizes and designs and the prevalence of such turbines over time, to accurately quantify waste generation following wind turbine decommissioning in the UK. The end of life stage is becoming increasingly important as a rapid rise in installation rates suggests an equally rapid rise in decommissioning rates can be expected as wind turbines reach the end of their 20–25-year operational lifetime. Waste data analytics were applied in this study for the UK in 5-year intervals, stemming from 2000 to 2039. Current practices for end of life waste management procedures have been analysed to create baseline scenarios. These scenarios have been used to explore potential waste management mitigation options for various materials and components such as reuse, remanufacture, recycling, and heat recovery from incineration. Six scenarios were then developed based on these waste management options, which have demonstrated the significant environmental benefits of such practices through quantification of waste reduction and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings. For the 2015–2019 time period, over 35 kilotonnes of waste are expected to be generated annually. Overall waste is expected to increase over time to more than 1200 kilotonnes annually by 2039. Concrete is expected to account for the majority of waste associated with wind turbine decommissioning initially due to foundations for onshore turbines accounting for approximately 80% of their total weight. By 2035–2039, steel waste is expected to account for almost 50% of overall waste due to the emergence of offshore turbines, the foundations of which are predominantly made of steel.
President’s Farewell Message: The Anthropocene, Earth Jurisprudence, and the Rights of Nature
Authors: FUKURAI Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new paradigmatic shift in confronting the climactic endgame of the Anthropocene in Asia is in order. Scientific studies warned that Asia would become the epicentre of anthropogenic catastrophes and environmental disasters in the world. As the outgoing Asian Law and Society Association (ALSA) president, I wish to contribute to critical discussions on two issues: (1) Earth Jurisprudence and (2) the Rights of Nature. These legal concepts must be critically examined, discussed, and developed by socio-legal researchers and policy-makers in order to avert the impending crises of the Anthropocene in Asia. This report examines the recent development of a robust movement toward Earth Jurisprudence in multiple countries of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific—that is, countries that have recently enshrined the concept of the Rights of Nature into their legal system through transforming nature into rights-bearing entities in order to protect them from harmful human activities. Failing any significant remedial measures, many Asian cities, shores, and coastlines, including the archipelagos of multiple island states in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean may soon disappear due to the many decades of egregious human activities of industrialized countries and the corporate world. A robust system of Earth Jurisprudence must be established, in which the Rights of Nature must be imbedded in the centre of legislative and constitutional discussions and deliberations.
Foraging behavior and bait station preference in scavenging termite,Odontotermes obesus(Blattodea: Termitidae)
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Alvi Abid Mahmood , Hussain Mujahid , Saeed Shafqat , Naeem-Ullah Unsar , Khan Alamgir A. , Abid Allah Ditta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTermites are a significant pest of buildings, agriculture, and trees, and are mainly controlled by baiting. However, baiting systems are available for only lower termites (Rhinotermitidae) not for higher termites (Termitidae). Termite foraging behavior associated with baiting systems varies among species and families, and plays a significant role in baiting success. Here, foraging behavior ofOdontotermes obesus(Blattodea: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae), a fungus-growing higher termite, was investigated relative to three bait-station sizes (small, medium, and large) containing different quantities of food. Significantly more workers recruited to large stations (470/station) compared to medium (246/station) and small (124/station) stations. Abundance ofO. obesusin large and medium stations significantly positively correlated with relative humidity whereas negative but non-significant correlations were observed with temperature in large and medium stations. Total and continuous contacts with the stations increased with time and were greater in large stations. Station abandonment due to disturbance was significantly less in large stations (3%) followed by medium (9%) and small stations (20%). Our results suggest that large stations (≈8 litres volume) work best for population management ofO. obesusand other related fungus-growing higher termites.
Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves
Authors: Aly Sharif S. , Karle Betsy M. , Williams Deniece R. , Maier Gabriele U. , Dubrovsky Sasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool that producers and veterinarians can utilize for a comprehensive assessment of the management and host factors that predispose calves to BRD. The current study identifies the steps taken to develop the first BRD risk assessment tool and its components, namely the BRD risk factor questionnaire, the BRD scoring system, and a herd-specific BRD control and prevention plan. The risk factor questionnaire was designed to inquire on aspects of calf-rearing including management practices that affect calf health generally, and BRD specifically. The risk scores associated with each risk factor investigated in the questionnaire were estimated based on data from two observational studies. Producers can also estimate the prevalence of BRD in their calf herds using a smart phone or tablet application that facilitates selection of a true random sample of calves for scoring using the California BRD scoring system. Based on the risk factors identified, producers and herd veterinarians can then decide the management changes needed to mitigate the calf herd's risk for BRD. A follow-up risk assessment after a duration of time sufficient for exposure of a new cohort of calves to the management changes introduced in response to the risk assessment is recommended to monitor the prevalence of BRD.
The Effects of Different Drivers on the Induced Martian Magnetosphere Boundary: A Case Study of September 2017
Authors: Lentz C. L. , Baker D. N. , Andersson L. , Thaller S. , Fowler C. M. , Leonard T. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Magnetic Pileup Boundary or Induced Magnetosphere Boundary (IMB) has been an enigma in Mars aeronomy. Previously dubbed the planetopause, magnetopause, ion‐composition boundary, and protonopause, identification of this unique plasma region has been marked by difficulty. In this case study, we used data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission to identify IMB crossings and configurations during the month of September 2017, with a particular focus on the September 10, 2017 solar events. It was concluded that the Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection had no statistically significant impact on the IMB standoff locations. This study also investigated the effects of upstream dynamic pressure, thermal pressure from the magnetosheath, magnetic pressure from the magnetic pileup region (MPR), thermal pressure associated with the ionosphere, and Extreme Ultraviolet irradiance on the IMB during September 2017. We have found that during the 163 IMB crossings, magnetic pressure in the MPR and thermal pressure in the ionosphere had the largest influence on the IMB standoff distance.
Ancient Auroral Records Compiled From Korean Historical Books
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Chen Si , Xu Kaihua , Yan Limei , Yue Xinan , He Fei , Wei Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAurora provides an essential diagnostic to spatial and temporal variations of terrestrial space environment and is also an important proxy of solar and geomagnetic activities. Contemporary auroral observations have just continued for more than half a century. Visual auroral phenomena recorded in historical books provide key clues to understand the solar and geomagnetic activities in the long history prior to modern era. In this study, we compiled a new auroral catalog from ancient Korean historical books, including 2013 auroral records with day‐level resolution from 1012 to 1811 CE, especially for the records searched from the Seungjeongweon Ilgi. The number of auroral records in this new catalog is greatly enlarged compared with previous lists. The occurrence of the aurora in the new catalog is generally consistent with previous data sets. This extended data set provides valuable support for various studies related to solar‐terrestrial space weather and ancient climates in the past millennium.
Physical and Chemical Evolution of Lunar Mare Regolith
Authors: O'Brien P. , Byrne S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe lunar landscape evolves both physically and chemically over time due to impact cratering and energetic processes collectively known as space weathering. Despite returned soil samples and global remote sensing reflectance measurements, the rate of space weathering in the lunar regolith is not well understood. To address this, we developed a novel three‐dimensional landscape evolution model to simulate the physical processes that control the burial, excavation, and transport of regolith on airless bodies. Applying this model to the lunar mare, we find that over billions of years of surface evolution, material typically spends only a few million years on the surface where it is exposed to the effects of space weathering. The small surface residence times are a result of vigorous mixing by small‐scale impacts, predominantly driven by secondary crater formation. We deduce the rate of space weathering by comparing our modeled distribution of surface residence times on the lunar mare to measurements of space weathering maturity from Apollo soil samples and orbital surface reflectance datasets. These chemical constraints indicate that soil on the lunar mare reaches maturity in 7 Myr of cumulative surface exposure though due to uncertainties in the rate of small secondary crater production, this timescale could be 2–3 times higher. Weathering progresses more rapidly upon initial exposure to space but the surface residence time required to achieve maturity is realized over billions of years as regolith is repeatedly buried and exposed by small impacts.
A single dose of recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Authors: Yahalom-Ronen Yfat , Tamir Hadas , Melamed Sharon , Politi Boaz , Shifman Ohad , Achdout Hagit , Vitner Einat B. , Israeli Ofir , Milrot Elad , Stein Dana , Cohen-Gihon Inbar , Lazar Shlomi , Gutman Hila , Glinert Itai , Cherry Lilach , Vagima Yaron , Lazar Shirley , Weiss Shay , Ben-Shmuel Amir , Avraham Roy , Puni Reut , Lupu Edith , Bar-David Elad , Sittner Assa , Erez Noam , Zichel Ran , Mamroud Emanuelle , Mazor Ohad , Levy Haim , Laskar Orly , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Shapira Shmuel C. , Zvi Anat , Beth-Din Adi , Paran Nir , Israely Tomer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 imposes an urgent need for rapid development of an efficient and cost-effective vaccine, suitable for mass immunization. Here, we show the development of a replication competent recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine, in which the glycoprotein of VSV is replaced by the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine indicates the expression and presentation of the spike protein on the viral membrane with antigenic similarity to SARS-CoV-2. A golden Syrian hamster in-vivo model for COVID-19 is implemented. We show that a single-dose vaccination results in a rapid and potent induction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, as demonstrated by the abrogation of body weight loss, and alleviation of the extensive tissue damage and viral loads in lungs and nasal turbinates. Taken together, we suggest the recombinant VSV-∆G-spike as a safe, efficacious and protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Neutralizing the pathological effects of extracellular histones with small polyanions
Authors: Meara Connor H. O’ , Coupland Lucy A. , Kordbacheh Farzaneh , Quah Benjamin J. C. , Chang Chih-Wei , Simon Davis David A. , Bezos Anna , Browne Anna M. , Freeman Craig , Hammill Dillon J. , Chopra Pradeep , Pipa Gergely , Madge Paul D. , Gallant Esther , Segovis Courtney , Dulhunty Angela F. , Arnolda Leonard F. , Mitchell Imogen , Khachigian Levon M. , Stephens Ross W. , von Itzstein Mark , Parish Christopher R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular histones in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) or in chromatin from injured tissues are highly pathological, particularly when liberated by DNases. We report the development of small polyanions (SPAs) (~0.9–1.4 kDa) that interact electrostatically with histones, neutralizing their pathological effects. In vitro, SPAs inhibited the cytotoxic, platelet-activating and erythrocyte-damaging effects of histones, mechanistic studies revealing that SPAs block disruption of lipid-bilayers by histones. In vivo, SPAs significantly inhibited sepsis, deep-vein thrombosis, and cardiac and tissue-flap models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but appeared to differ in their capacity to neutralize NET-bound versus free histones. Analysis of sera from sepsis and cardiac IRI patients supported these differential findings. Further investigations revealed this effect was likely due to the ability of certain SPAs to displace histones from NETs, thus destabilising the structure. Finally, based on our work, a non-toxic SPA that inhibits both NET-bound and free histone mediated pathologies was identified for clinical development.