bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Individual Environmental Heat-Stress Variables on Training and Recovery in Professional Team Sport
Authors: O’Connor Fergus K. , Stern Steven E. , Doering Thomas M. , Minett Geoffrey M. , Reaburn Peter R. , Bartlett Jonathan D. , Coffey Vernon G. 
Published: June 2020

Context: Exercise in hot environments increases body temperature and thermoregulatory strain. However, little is known regarding the magnitude of effect that ambient temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and solar radiation individually have on team-sport athletes. Purpose: To determine the effect of these individual heat-stress variables on team-sport training performance and recovery. Methods: Professional Australian Rules Football players (N = 45) undertook 8-wk preseason training producing a total of 579 outdoor field-based observations with Ta, RH, and solar radiation recorded at every training session. External load (distance covered, in m/min; percentage high-speed running [%HSR] >14.4 km/h) was collected via a global positioning system. Internal load (ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate) and recovery (subjective ratings of well-being and heart-rate variability [root mean square of the successive differences]) were monitored throughout the training period. Mixed-effects linear models analyzed relationships between variables using standardized regression coefficients. Results: Increased solar-radiation exposure was associated with reduced distance covered (−19.7 m/min, P < .001), %HSR (−10%, P < .001) during training and rMSSD 48 h posttraining (−16.9 ms, P = .019). Greater RH was associated with decreased %HSR (−3.4%, P = .010) but increased percentage duration >85% HRmax (3.9%, P < .001), ratings of perceived exertion (1.8 AU, P < .001), and self-reported stress 24 h posttraining (−0.11 AU, P = .002). In contrast, higher Ta was associated with increased distance covered (19.7 m/min, P < .001) and %HSR (3.5%, P = .005). Conclusions: The authors show the importance of considering the individual factors contributing to thermal load in isolation for team-sport athletes and that solar radiation and RH reduce work capacity during team-sport training and have the potential to slow recovery between sessions.
Comparison of widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography with ultra-widefield colour fundus photography and fluorescein angiography for detection of lesions in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Cui Ying , Zhu Ying , Wang Jay C , Lu Yifan , Zeng Rebecca , Katz Raviv , Vingopoulos Filippos , Le Rongrong , Laíns Inês , Wu David M , Eliott Dean , Vavvas Demetrios G , Husain Deeba , Miller Joan W , Kim Leo A , Miller John B 
Published: June 2020

AimsTo compare widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA) with ultra-widefield colour fundus photography (UWF CFP) and fluorescein angiography (UWF FA) for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions.MethodsThis prospective, observational study was conducted at Massachusetts Eye and Ear from December 2018 to October 2019. Proliferative DR, non-proliferative DR and diabetic patients with no DR were included. All patients were imaged with a WF SS-OCTA using a Montage 15×15 mm scan. UWF CFP and UWF FA were taken by a 200°, single capture retinal imaging system. Images were independently evaluated for the presence or absence of DR lesions including microaneurysms (MAs), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs), neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE), neovascularisation of the optic disc (NVD) and non-perfusion areas (NPAs). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V.25.0.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-two eyes of 101 participants were included in the study. When compared with UWF CFP, WF SS-OCTA was found to be superior in detecting IRMAs (p<0.001) and NVE/NVD (p=0.007). The detection rates of MAs, IRMAs, NVE/NVD and NPAs in WF SS-OCTA were comparable with UWF FA images (p>0.05). Furthermore, when we compared WF SS-OCTA plus UWF CFP with UWF FA, the detection rates of MAs, IRMAs, NVE/NVD and NPAs were identical (p>0.005). Agreement (κ=0.916) between OCTA and FA in classifying DR was excellent.ConclusionWF SS-OCTA is useful for identification of DR lesions. WF SS-OCTA plus UWF CFP may offer a less invasive alternative to FA for DR diagnosis.
Cardiovascular outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in real-life
Authors: Longato Enrico , Di Camillo Barbara , Sparacino Giovanni , Gubian Lorenzo , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionSodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) protect type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients from cardiovascular events, but no trial has directly compared their cardiovascular effects. We aimed to address this gap using real-world data.Research design and methodsWe performed a retrospective real-world study on a population of ~5 million inhabitants from North-East Italy. We identified T2D patients who received new prescription of SGLT2i or GLP-1RA from 2014 to 2018. SGLT2i and GLP-1RA initiators were matched 1:1 by propensity scores. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE)). Secondary endpoints were each component of the primary endpoint, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), revascularization, hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, and adverse events.ResultsFrom a population of 330 193 diabetic patients, we followed 8596 SGLT2i and GLP-1RA matched initiators for a median of 13 months. Patients in both groups were on average 63 years old, 63% men, and 18% had pre-existing cardiovascular disease. T2D patients treated with SGLT2i versus GLP-1RA, experienced a lower rate of 3P-MACE (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.99; p=0.043), myocardial infarction (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.98; p=0.035), hospitalization for HF (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.99; p=0.048), and hospitalization for cardiovascular causes (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99; p=0.037). Adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsIn the absence of dedicated trials, this observational study suggests that SGLT2i may be more effective than GLP-1RA in improving cardiovascular outcomes of T2D.Trial registration numberNCT04184947.
Economic modelling of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) in the National Health Service based on possible improvements in surgical efficiency
Authors: O'Brart David P , Roberts Harry , Naderi Khayam , Gormley Jack 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo test a hypothesis that operating room (OR) productivity in the National Health Service (NHS) can be improved with the introduction of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS).Methods and analysisPreviously published time and motion data of 140 unilateral cataract surgeries conducted at five different NHS locations were reanalysed to construct a hypothetical model where only ISBCS (±one unilateral case) were conducted while maintaining time durations of all key tasks previously studied. Possible time efficiency savings were calculated for the ISBCS model and percentage increases in numbers of eyes operated per 4-hour theatre session calculated. Gains in efficiency were correlated with factors from the baseline data to predict which settings could improve efficiency most by undertaking ISBCS.ResultsBased on remodelling our time and motion study (TMS) data as hypothetical ISBCS cases, we could expect a mean 16% reduction (range 9.8%–17.8%) in the time taken for two cataract operations, translating into a mean 54% improvement (range 38%–67%) in number of cases currently performed per list and an 18% improvement (range 9%–28%) even if the number of unilateral cases per list had been fully maximised. An average number of four ISBCS cases per list (range 3–6) were required to achieve sufficient time savings to allow an extra unilateral surgery to be conducted.ConclusionThe introduction of routine ISBCS has the potential to improve the productivity of cataract surgery within the NHS, with efficiencies being possible in both high-volume and low-volume surgical models.
Direct costs of inflammatory bowel diseases in a Finnish tertiary-level clinic
Authors: Rankala Rasmus , Kosonen Juuso , Mattila Kalle , Tuominen Risto , Voutilainen Markku , Mustonen Anssi 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic diseases associated with a high and continuous economic burden. The introduction of biologics has changed the distribution of costs over the past two decades, and there are no recent studies on direct costs in Finland. This study aimed to estimate the direct healthcare costs of these diseases in a tertiary-level clinic.MethodsThe data were collected during a 1-year period of patients with IBD visiting Turku University Hospital. Patients were included if they lived in the hospital district area and were over 18 years old. This comprised an IBD group of 2208 patients, including 794 cases of CD and 1414 cases of UC. A sex-matched and age-matched control group was collected for comparison. Direct costs were collected during a 1-year study period from the hospital records.ResultsTotal direct costs per patient with IBD in a tertiary-level clinic were €4223 annually. IBD-generated direct costs were estimated to total €3981 per patient annually. Patients with IBD who were given infliximab had €9157 higher direct healthcare costs per patient annually than patients with IBD with no infliximab medication. Direct healthcare costs generated in a tertiary-level gastroenterological clinic averaged €1652 per patient with IBD annually. On average, patients with CD had €1111 higher direct healthcare costs annually than patients with UC.ConclusionsThe direct healthcare costs of IBD were significant, almost 17-fold higher compared with a control group. Patients with IBD administered with biologics had significantly higher costs. Patients with CD had higher annual infliximab costs than patients with UC.
Loss of hepatic Mboat7 leads to liver fibrosis
Authors: Thangapandi Veera Raghavan , Knittelfelder Oskar , Brosch Mario , Patsenker Eleonora , Vvedenskaya Olga , Buch Stephan , Hinz Sebastian , Hendricks Alexander , Nati Marina , Herrmann Alexander , Rekhade Devavrat Ravindra , Berg Thomas , Matz-Soja Madlen , Huse Klaus , Klipp Edda , Pauling Josch K , Wodke Judith AH , Miranda Ackerman Jacobo , Bonin Malte von , Aigner Elmar , Datz Christian , von Schönfels Witigo , Nehring Sophie , Zeissig Sebastian , Röcken Christoph , Dahl Andreas , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Stickel Felix , Shevchenko Andrej , Schafmayer Clemens , Hampe Jochen , Subramanian Pallavi 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe rs641738C>T variant located near the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) locus is associated with fibrosis in liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease, hepatitis B and C. We aim to understand the mechanism by which the rs641738C>T variant contributes to pathogenesis of NAFLD.DesignMice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of MBOAT7 (Mboat7Δhep) were generated and livers were characterised by histology, flow cytometry, qPCR, RNA sequencing and lipidomics. We analysed the association of rs641738C>T genotype with liver inflammation and fibrosis in 846 NAFLD patients and obtained genotype-specific liver lipidomes from 280 human biopsies.ResultsAllelic imbalance analysis of heterozygous human liver samples pointed to lower expression of the MBOAT7 transcript on the rs641738C>T haplotype. Mboat7Δhepmice showed spontaneous steatosis characterised by increased hepatic cholesterol ester content after 10 weeks. After 6 weeks on a high fat, methionine-low, choline-deficient diet, mice developed increased hepatic fibrosis as measured by picrosirius staining (p<0.05), hydroxyproline content (p<0.05) and transcriptomics, while the inflammatory cell populations and inflammatory mediators were minimally affected. In a human biopsied NAFLD cohort, MBOAT7 rs641738C>T was associated with fibrosis (p=0.004) independent of the presence of histological inflammation. Liver lipidomes of Mboat7Δhepmice and human rs641738TT carriers with fibrosis showed increased total lysophosphatidylinositol levels. The altered lysophosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol subspecies in MBOAT7Δheplivers and human rs641738TT carriers were similar.ConclusionMboat7 deficiency in mice and human points to an inflammation-independent pathway of liver fibrosis that may be mediated by lipid signalling and a potentially targetable treatment option in NAFLD.
SOD3 induces a HIF-2α-dependent program in endothelial cells that provides a selective signal for tumor infiltration by T cells
Authors: Carmona-Rodríguez Lorena , Martínez-Rey Diego , Fernández-Aceñero Maria Jesús , González-Martín Alicia , Paz-Cabezas Mateo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Noe , Pérez-Villamil Beatriz , Sáez Maria Eugenia , Díaz-Rubio Eduardo , Mira Emilia , Mañes Santos 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are linked to immune-mediated control of human cancers and response to immunotherapy. Tumors have nonetheless developed specific mechanisms that selectively restrict T cell entry into the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an anti-oxidant enzyme usually downregulated in tumors. We hypothesize that upregulation of SOD3 in the tumor microenvironment might be a mechanism to boost T cell infiltration by normalizing the tumor-associated endothelium.ResultsHere we show that SOD3 overexpression in endothelial cells increased in vitro transmigration of naïve and activated CD4+and CD8+T cells, but not of myeloid cells. Perivascular expression of SOD3 also specifically increased CD4+and CD8+effector T cell infiltration into tumors and improved the effectiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+T cells. SOD3-induced enhanced transmigration in vitro and tumor infiltration in vivo were not associated to upregulation of T cell chemokines such as CXCL9 or CXCL10, nor to changes in the levels of endothelial adhesion receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Instead, SOD3 enhanced T cell infiltration via HIF-2α-dependent induction of specific WNT ligands in endothelial cells; this led to WNT signaling pathway activation in the endothelium, FOXM1 stabilization, and transcriptional induction of laminin-α4 (LAMA4), an endothelial basement membrane component permissive for T cell infiltration. In patients with stage II colorectal cancer, SOD3 was associated with increased CD8+TIL density and disease-free survival. SOD3 expression was also linked to a T cell–inflamed gene signature using the COAD cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas program.ConclusionOur findings suggest that SOD3-induced upregulation of LAMA4 in endothelial cells boosts selective tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes, thus transforming immunologically “cold” into “hot” tumors. High SOD3 levels are associated with human colon cancer infiltration by CD8+T cells, with potential consequences for the clinical outcome of these patients. Our results also uncover a cell type–specific, distinct activity of the WNT pathway for the regulation of T cell infiltration into tumors.
Immunomodulatory effects of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors on T lymphocytes in mice with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Vallejo Ardila Dora Lucia , Walsh Katrina A , Fifis Theodora , Paolini Rita , Kastrappis Georgios , Christophi Christopher , Perini Marcos Vinicius 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIt is now recognized that many anticancer treatments positively modulate the antitumor immune response. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that inhibitors of the classical renin–angiotensin system (RAS) reduce tumor progression and are associated with better outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. RAS components are expressed by most immune cells and adult hematopoietic cells, thus are potential targets for modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells and can provide a mechanism of tumor control by the renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi).AimTo investigate the effects of the RASi captopril on tumor T lymphocyte distribution in a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases.MethodsLiver metastases were established in a mouse model using an autologous colorectal cancer cell line. RASi (captopril 750 mg/kg) or carrier (saline) was administered to the mice daily via intraperitoneal injection, from day 1 post-tumor induction to endpoint (day 15 or 21 post-tumor induction). At the endpoint, tumor growth was determined, and lymphocyte infiltration and composition in the tumor and liver tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsCaptopril significantly decreased tumor viability and impaired metastatic growth. Analysis of infiltrating T cells into liver parenchyma and tumor tissues by IHC and flow cytometry showed that captopril significantly increased the infiltration of CD3+T cells into both tissues at day 15 following tumor induction. Phenotypical analysis of CD45+CD3+T cells indicated that the major contributing phenotype to this influx is a CD4 and CD8 double-negative T cell (DNT) subtype, while CD4+T cells decreased and CD8+T cells remained unchanged. Captopril treatment also increased the expression of checkpoint receptor PD-1 on CD8+and DNT subsets .ConclusionCaptopril treatment modulates the immune response by increasing the infiltration and altering the phenotypical composition of T lymphocytes and may be a contributing mechanism for tumor control.
Renal kinetics in acute heart failure
Authors: Nhat M Giang , Hai H Nguyen , Ngoc-Hoa Chau 
Published: June 2020

AimsWorsening renal function (WRF) in acute heart failure (AHF) has multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms and heterogeneous prognostic impacts. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and renal kinetics of this phenomenon.Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled a cohort of 196 patients admitted for AHF to the Cardiology Department at Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, from July 2016 to March 2017. AHF was defined using the 2012 European Society of Cardiology criteria. The definition and severity of WRF were based on the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Outcome criteria for acute kidney injury. Renal recovery was classified using the 2017 Acute Disease Quality Initiative 16 Workgroup Consensus. Among the 196 patients studied, WRF developed in 43.4%. In 80.0% of patients, WRF occurred within 48 hours of admission. In the WRF group, 89.4% were at stage 1, consistent with a relative increase in median serum creatinine of 49.5%. A total of 76.5% of the patients with WRF recovered at discharge, while rapid recovery occurred in 20.0% of patients.ConclusionsMost cases of WRF were mild, and WRF was correlated with a high rate of recovery during hospitalisation. However, rapid renal recovery was not common.
Comparison between generalised peritonitis and parietal fibrinous peritonitis in cows after caesarean section
Authors: Djebala Salem , Evrard Julien , Moula Nassim , Gille Linde , Bayrou Calixte , Eppe Justine , Casalta Hélène , Sartelet Arnaud , Bossaert Philippe 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundParietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) and generalised peritonitis (GP) are two postoperative complications in cows, characterised by fluid and fibrin accumulation throughout the peritoneum (GP) or in an encapsulated cavity (PFP). Unlike GP, PFP is scarcely documented.MethodsTwenty‐one GP cases and 12 PFP cases were confirmed by ultrasound in cows referred to the Veterinary Clinic (Liège University) for complications after caesarean section. All cows underwent a standardised examination protocol. Blood samples were analysed for metabolic and inflammatory markers. Bacteriology was performed on peritoneal fluid samples. Treatment consisted of surgical drainage of the abdominal cavity (GP) or the encapsulated cavity (PFP). Variables concerning anamnesis, clinical findings and treatment outcomes were compared.ResultsPerioperative complications had occurred in 9/21 GP cows but 0/12 PFP cows (P<0.05). Biochemical analysis indicated pronounced inflammation and did not differ between groups. Peritoneal fluid samples of both groups were contaminated and contained similar bacteria (Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli). While 11/12 PFP cows were discharged, all patients with GP died or were euthanased (P<0.05).ConclusionsWe hypothesise that PFP and GP are two different manifestations of perioperative peritoneal contamination. The severity and spread of the contamination determine the clinical presentation and the prognosis.
Investigating the production of leptoquarks by means of zeros of amplitude at photon electron collider
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Priyotosh , Dutta Saunak , Karan Anirban 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLeptoquarks belong to the possible candidates for explaining various anomalies in flavor physics. Nonetheless, their existence is yet to be confirmed on the experimental side. In this paper we show how zeros of the single-photon tree-level amplitude can be used to extract information as regards leptoquarks in the case of e–$$\gamma $$γ colliders. A small number of standard model backgrounds keep the signal clean in this kind of colliders. Unlike other colliders, the zeros of the single-photon amplitude here depend on $$\sqrt{s}$$s and on the mass of leptoquark along with its electric charge. We perform a PYTHIA based simulation for reconstructing the leptoquark from its decay products of the first generation and estimating the background with luminosity of $$100\ \hbox {fb}^{-1}$$100fb-1. Our analysis is done for all the leptoquarks that can be seen at an e–$$\gamma $$γ collider with three different masses (70 GeV, 650 GeV and 1 TeV) and three different center of momentum energies (200 GeV, 2 TeV and 3 TeV). The effects of non-monochromatic photons on the zeros of the amplitude under laser backscattering and the equivalent photon approximation have also been addressed.
Photodetachment in cold ion traps
Authors: Mant Barry P. , Nötzold Markus , González-Sánchez Lola , Wester Roland , Gianturco Franco A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We present a computational investigation of the photodetachment (PD) dynamics of C2H− in its ground, electronic 1Σ state, cooled in an ion trap with He as a buffer gas. Our analysis employs a range of PD rates from quantum dynamics, selective choices of the anion’s initial rotational state populations as the laser is switched on, and different operational trap conditions. Our results show that a variety of outcomes for the initial state-dependent PD process is possible by selecting different initial conditions in the cold trap, the latter generating a dynamical interplay between the anion’s populations of rotational states, induced by the buffer gas, and the chosen laser frequency and laser power. Specific parameter selections during the PD process will be shown to cause different abundances of the rotational states of the anion in the trap.

Graphical abstract
Quantum gravity effects on thermodynamics of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity
Authors: Khan Yawar H. , Ganai Prince A. 
Published: June 2020

Taking de Sitter space–time as a thermodynamic system, we study the effects of quantum gravity on thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity. We enumerate the leading order corrections arising in quantum gravity regime on various thermodynamic quantities like Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, specific heat and pressure. Our results show that quantum corrections have tendency to induce stability. Moreover we observe that the parameters from the massive gravity have deeper effect on the evolution of de Sitter space–time in quantum gravity regime. Such an analysis could be helpful in understanding inflation and evolution of universe at early times.