bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shift work, and burnout and distress among 7798 blue-collar workers
Authors: Hulsegge Gerben , van Mechelen Willem , Proper Karin I. , Paagman Heleen , Anema Johannes R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between shift work, and burnout and distress, and differences by degree of satisfaction with shift schedule and its impact on private life.

Methods
Population 4275 non-shift factory workers and 3523 rotating 5-shift workers. Workers participated between 2009 and 2016 one to three times in the companies’ periodical occupational health checks. Burnout was measured using the distance, exhaustion and competence subscales of the Dutch Maslach Burnout Inventory and distress by the subscale of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (scale: 0–100). Multiple-adjusted linear mixed models were used to assess between- and within-subject associations between shift work and outcomes, and differences by age, years of shift work, and satisfaction with and impact of shift schedule.

Results
Shift work was significantly associated with lower scores on burnout distance (B − 1.0, 95% − 1.8 to 0.3), and among those aged < 48 years with burnout exhaustion (range B − 1.3 to − 1.6). However, the effect sizes were small. Compared to non-shift workers, shift workers dissatisfied with their schedule and those experiencing a high impact on private life had significantly higher burnout (range B 1.7–6.3) and distress levels (range B 4.9–6.1). In contrast, satisfied shift workers and those experiencing a low impact of shift schedule had lower burnout (range B − 0.2 to − 2.2) and no difference in distress levels (P ≥ 0.05). No clear pattern by years of shift work was observed.

Conclusions
Shift work was associated with burnout and distress in those who were dissatisfied with or who had perceived high impact on the private life of their shift schedule.
Impact of successful local ablative bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation on long-term survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis
Authors: Bauschke Astrid , Altendorf-Hofmann Annelore , Ardelt Michael , Kissler Herman , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Settmacher Utz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
It has been shown that local ablative procedures enable downsizing, reduce drop-out from the waiting list and improve prognosis after liver transplantation. It is still unclear whether a response to the local ablative therapy is due to a favorable tumor biology or if a real benefit in tumor stabilization exists, particularly in complete pathological response.

Method
Data of 163 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation were extracted from our prospectively maintained registry. We analyzed the tumor load, pre-transplant α-fetoprotein levels, child stage aside the application and success of local ablative therapies as bridging procedures before transplantation.

Results
87 patients received multiple and/or combined local therapies. In 20 cases, this resulted in a complete remission of the tumor as observed in the explant histology. The other 76 patients underwent no bridging procedure. The observed 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with bridging were 67% and 47% and without bridging 56% and 46%, respectively. Tumor-related 10-year survival showed a statistically significant difference between both groups (81% versus 59%). In the multivariate analyses bridging, number of lesions and α-fetoprotein level showed an independent statistically significant influence on tumor-related survival in these patients.

Conclusions
Successful local ablative therapy before liver transplantation is an independent statistically significant factor in long-term tumor-related survival for patients with HCC in cirrhosis and reduces tumor recurrences.
Detection of atrial shunt lesions with a single echocardiographic parameter
Authors: Dannenberg Varius , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Binder Thomas , Gabriel Harald , Schneider Matthias 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Background
Unrepaired left to right atrial shunt lesions can cause significant right ventricular (RV) volume overload. The parameter pulmonary to systemic shunt volume ratio (Qp:Qs) has been shown to detect even small differences between left and right ventricular stroke volume; however, four parameters are needed for its calculation. This study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the single parameter right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) velocity time integral (VTI) to identify atrial shunt lesions.

Methods
All patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination at this institution between 1 January 2013 and 1 January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The RVOT-VTI was measured in the transthoracic echocardiography performed immediately before each TEE. The diagnostic accuracy for detection of atrial shunt lesions was tested.

Results
A total of 2797 patients with a median age of 67 years (interquartile range, IQR 54–77 years) were included in the final analysis. A total of 113 (4%) patients had a relevant atrial shunt lesion. The mean RVOT-VTI of the shunt group was 25 cm (SD ± 8.1 cm) and was significantly higher than that of the non-shunt group with 17 cm (SD ± 4.8 cm) (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81. A total of 106 patients (93.8%) of the shunt group had a VTI of ≥16 cm. If the RVOT-VTI was <16 cm, the negative predictive value was 99.3%. If the RVOT-VTI was ≥25 cm, 22% of patients proved to have a significant shunt lesion.

Conclusion
In this large retrospective analysis it could be shown that a low RVOT-VTI predicted the absence of significant atrial shunt lesions, while a high RVOT-VTI predicted the presence. The parameter should be applied in all patients with suspected atrial shunt lesions where calculation of Qp:Qs is impossible.
Precipitated sulfur cathode—a hybrid faradaic and pseudocapacitive discharging process
Authors: Swiderska-Mocek Agnieszka , Rudnicka Ewelina , Lewandowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA carbon-sulfur cathode was prepared by precipitating a suspension of acetylene black and dissolved sulfur from ethanol. The morphology of the cathode material was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of commercial sulfur particles is between 20 and 50 μm, while this value for the precipitated sulfur was ca. order of magnitude lower (between 2 and 5 μm). Electrochemical properties of Li│S cells were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Galvanostatic discharging curves of the Li│S system may be divided into three regions. At the beginning, the discharging undergoes at an approximately constant voltage (faradaic process) to switch into a pseudocapacitive process (two discharging regions characterized by linearly decreasing voltage). The hybrid discharging faradaic-pseudocapacitive nature implies the description of the total process by two types of capacities: in coulombs (faradaic process) and in farads (pseudocapacitive regions). The calculated experimental specific energy density (free enthalpy change) during the discharging process was ca. 1063 Wh kg−1, approximately twofold higher in comparison with such cathodes as LiFePO4 or LixMn2O4. These results show that the sulfur-carbon precipitated from ethanol can serve as a promising cathode for Li│S primary cells.
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in the Failing Heart: a Growing Potential
Authors: Brito Dulce , Bettencourt Paulo , Carvalho Davide , Ferreira Jorge , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Franco Fátima , Moura Brenda , Silva-Cardoso José Carlos , de Melo Rachel Tavares , Fonseca Cândida 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new drug class designed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, cardiovascular outcome trials showed that SGLT2i also offer protection against heart failure (HF)–related events and cardiovascular mortality. These benefits appear to be independent of glycaemic control and have recently been demonstrated in the HF population with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with or without T2D. This comprehensive, evidence-based review focuses on the published studies concerning HF outcomes with SGLT2i, discussing issues that may underlie the different results, along with the impact of these new drugs in clinical practice. The potential translational mechanisms behind SGLT2i cardio-renal benefits and the information that ongoing studies may add to the already existing body of evidence are also reviewed. Finally, we focus on practical management issues regarding SGLT2i use in association with other T2D and HFrEF common pharmacological therapies. Safety considerations are also highlighted. Considering the paradigm shift in T2D management, from a focus on glycaemic control to a broader approach on cardiovascular protection and event reduction, including the potential for wide SGLT2i implementation in HF patients, with or without T2D, we are facing a promising time for major changes in the global management of cardiovascular disease.
Compression failure in dense non-woven fiber networks
Authors: Brandberg August , Kulachenko Artem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvestigating the compression properties of randomly ordered fiber networks experimentally is difficult which has resulted in ongoing disputes as to the mechanisms controlling the compression strength in such materials. In this work, we investigated compression properties of randomly oriented fiber networks with a special emphasis on cellulose products such as paperboard. We numerically reconstructed the conditions of the short span compression test widely used to quantify the compression strength of paperboard. We found that the phenomenological failure mode of such networks is elasto-plastic buckling. The x-shaped failure mode observed in physical experiments appears when test specimen restraints are included in the model. The most significant improvements to sheet strength can be obtained by improving the elastic properties while the strain to failure is increased most by an improvement of the plastic yield and hardening properties of individual fibers. Bond breaks were confirmed to have a smaller influence on the overall response. Fiber level microscopic buckling was investigated in depth, providing quantitative estimates of the fraction of mass likely to buckle at the microscopic level. The analysis indicated that only a low to moderate number of load carrying fibers can be expected to buckle. The inherent strength reserve in non-ordered fiber networks was investigated by introducing hinge mechanisms throughout the network, and the effect was shown to be small for a small to moderate number of hinges.
Vegetated roofs in boreal climate support mobile open habitat arthropods, with differentiation between meadow and succulent roofs
Authors: Kyrö Kukka , Kotze D. Johan , Müllner Małgorzata Anna , Hakala Sanja , Kondorosy Elöd , Pajunen Timo , Vilisics Ferenc , Lehvävirta Susanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVegetated roofs are hoped to benefit urban wildlife, yet there are few empirical results regarding the conservation potential of such roofs. In this paper, we focus on arthropods on vegetated roofs. We vacuum sampled 17 succulent, meadow or succulent-meadow roofs, in Helsinki, Finland, and used order to species level information together with trait data to describe the communities. We evaluated the importance of biophysical roof characteristics on shaping arthropod assemblages to provide information concerning roof designs that promote rich arthropod fauna. Arthropod communities differed between the three roof types and the influence of roof variables varied between and within arthropod orders. The main local drivers of arthropod abundance across the individually analysed taxa were roof height and vegetation, with mainly positive effects of height (up to 11 m) and litter cover, and mainly negative effects of grass cover. Based on trait data from true bugs, spiders and ants, the roofs consisted mainly of common dispersive species that are generalist feeders and associated with dry open habitats or have wide habitat tolerance. We found one true bug species new to the country and assume that it arrived with imported vegetation. Based on these findings, vegetated roofs of varying height and size benefit common generalists and fauna of open dry habitats, but seem to lack rare native specialists and may introduce non-natives if imported plant material is used. Because the responses to vegetation characteristics are taxon-specific, high diversity of roof vegetation types would benefit arthropod conservation.
Extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients from simulated spent activated carbonaceous adsorbents
Authors: Oesterle Pierre , Lindberg Richard H , Fick Jerker , Jansson Stina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) and activated biochar (ABC) are widely used as sorbents for micropollutant removal during water and wastewater treatment. Spent adsorbents can be treated in several ways, e.g., by incineration, disposal in landfills, or reactivation. Regeneration is an attractive and potentially more economically viable alternative to modern post-treatment practices. Current strategies for assessing the performance of regeneration techniques often involve only repeated adsorption and regeneration cycles, and rarely involve direct measurements of micropollutants remaining on the adsorbent after regeneration. However, the use of regenerated adsorbents containing such residual micropollutants could present an environmental risk. In this study, the extraction of eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) commonly found in treated effluents was evaluated using 10 solvents and sorption onto three different carbon materials. An optimized extraction method was developed involving ultrasonication in 1:1 methanol:dichloromethane with 5% formic acid. This method achieved recoveries of 60 to 99% per API for an API concentration of 2 μg/g char and 27 to 129% per API for an API concentration of 1 mg/g char. Experiments using a mixture of 82 common APIs revealed that the optimized protocol achieved extraction recoveries above 70% for 29 of these APIs. These results show that the new extraction method could be a useful tool for assessing the regenerative properties of different carbon sorbents.
Effect of water quality variation on fish assemblages in an anthropogenically impacted tropical estuary, Colombian Pacific
Authors: Duque Guillermo , Gamboa-García Diego Esteban , Molina Andrés , Cogua Pilar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn tropical estuaries, fish diversity varies spatially and temporally due to behavioral processes such as reproductive migrations, predator avoidance, and foraging, which are affected by water quality. Eutrophication is one of the main factors affecting water quality in estuaries. The objective of this study was to determine variation in fish assemblage explained by fluctuating water quality in the Buenaventura Bay. Fish were captured using artisanal trawl nets during the wet, dry, and transitional seasons at four sampling sites. Additionally, alkalinity; phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations; dissolved oxygen; pH; temperature; and suspended solids were measured. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the effect of water quality on fish assemblage. In Buenaventura Bay, the assemblage composition ofPseudupeneus grandisquamis,Daector dowi, andCitharichthys gilbertiwas affected by nitrate concentration. Moreover, large fish biomasses were associated with high nitrite concentration, intermediate salinity, and low dissolved oxygen, suggesting that these estuaries are dominated by species tolerant to poor water quality. Species richness was associated with low nitrate and phosphate concentrations, more suitable water quality indicators, and intermediate temperatures. These results suggest that the deteriorating water quality of estuaries as a result of the anthropogenic impact could increase dominance and decrease richness, resulting in structural changes of fish assemblages.
Fighting Fire with Fire? Inequality, Populism and Voter Turnout
Authors: Schwander Hanna , Gohla Dominic , Schäfer Armin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, we ask whether the presence of populist parties influences the negative effect of income inequality on voter turnout. A number of studies have shown that voter turnout is lower in unequal countries. In particular, citizens with fewer resources abstain at higher rates. Since populist parties seek to mobilize these groups, their success could lead to higher and less unequal turnout rates. To assess empirically whether this holds true, we analyzed a dataset encompassing data on 296 national parliamentary elections in 31 European countries between 1970 and 2016. The results show that there is neither a direct nor an indirect effect of populism on voter turnout. In elections with more successful populist parties, voter turnout was not significantly higher than in other elections. Higher vote shares of populist parties also do not mitigate the negative impact of income inequality on voter turnout. Finally, there does not seem to be a difference between elections with high left-wing or right-wing populist parties’ success. Neither variant of populism alters the relationship between inequality and turnout.
Rationale, experience and ethical considerations underpinning integrated actions to further global goals for health and land biodiversity in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Middleton Jo , Cassell Jackie A. , Colthart Gavin , Dem Francesca , Fairhead James , Head Michael G. , Inacio Joao , Jimbudo Mavis , Laman Moses , Novotny Vojtech , Peck Mika , Philip Jonah , Pomat William , Sui Shen , West-Oram Peter , Stewart Alan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe SURFACES project is integrating action on good health and wellbeing [Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3] and conservation of life on land (SDG 15) in the threatened rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and mapping evidence of similar projects worldwide. Our approach is framed by Planetary Health, aiming to safeguard both human health and the natural systems that underpin it. Our rationale is demonstrated through a summary of health needs and forest conservation issues across PNG, and how these play out locally. We outline differing types of integrated conservation and health interventions worldwide, providing examples from Borneo, Uganda, India and elsewhere. We then describe what we are doing on-the-ground in PNG, which includes expansion of a rainforest conservation area alongside the establishment of a nurse-staffed aid post, and an educational intervention conceptually linking forest conservation and health. Importantly, we explore some ethical considerations on the conditionality of medical provision and identify key challenges to the successful implementation of such projects. The latter include: avoiding cross-sectoral blindness and achieving genuine interdisciplinary working; the weak evidence base justifying projects; and temporal-spatial issues. We conclude by suggesting how projects integrating actions on health and conservation SDGs can benefit from (and contribute to) the energy of the emerging Planetary Health movement.
Elite violence and elite numeracy in Europe from 500 to 1900 CE: roots of the divergence
Authors: Keywood Thomas , Baten Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur research expands earlier studies on elite human capital by widening the geographic scope and tracing the early roots of the European divergence. We present new evidence of elite numeracy in Europe since the sixth century CE. During the early medieval period, Western Europe had no advantage over the east, but the development of relative violence levels changed this. After implementing an instrumental variable strategy and a battery of robustness tests, we find a substantial relationship between elite numeracy and elite violence, and conclude that violence had a detrimental impact on human capital formation. For example, the disparities in violence between Eastern and Western Europe helped to shape the famous divergence movement via this elite numeracy mechanism and had substantial implications for the economic fortunes of each region over the following centuries.
Deposition of Nanoscopically Smooth DLC Tool Coatings for Dry Forming of Aluminum Sheets
Authors: Abraham Tim , Bialuch Ingmar , Bräuer Günter , Flegler Felix , Groche Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent investigations demonstrated the applicability of diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated tools for dry forming of aluminum, which is a challenging application field due to the high adhesion tendency of aluminum. An exceptionally low roughness of the coated forming tool is required to prevent adhesion-induced tool failure. To establish dry forming of aluminum in industrial production processes, efficient methods must be developed to manufacture DLC-coated forming tools with reproducible high surface quality. This paper illustrates two DLC coating processes that are especially optimized for deposition of nanoscopically smooth DLC tool coatings. Two optimized coating systems were deposited, characterized, and subsequently evaluated using application-oriented strip drawing tests to validate their performance in comparison with a state-of-the-art coating system. One coating process showed high potential for production of DLC-coated forming tools with the required surface quality.
A risk management perspective on CSR and the marginal cost of debt: empirical evidence from Europe
Authors: Kordsachia Othar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the association between CSR and marginal credit costs of European companies. We provide instance for a negative association based on a variety of model specifications and fine-grained measures for CSR. These results can be explained in light of the increasing relevance of socially responsible investors for financing costs of companies. We further apply the risk management perspective on CSR to the credit market and show that the insurance-like property of CSR is especially relevant for companies in relative financial distress as measured by the interest coverage ratio. This study also examines the association between CSR assurance and credit costs and provides evidence that creditors reward non-financial insurance by reduced required rate of returns. Finally, we contribute to the corporate governance literature by modelling the association between different board characteristics and credit costs.
Brain Recording, Mind-Reading, and Neurotechnology: Ethical Issues from Consumer Devices to Brain-Based Speech Decoding
Authors: Rainey Stephen , Martin Stéphanie , Christen Andy , Mégevand Pierre , Fourneret Eric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrain reading technologies are rapidly being developed in a number of neuroscience fields. These technologies can record, process, and decode neural signals. This has been described as ‘mind reading technology’ in some instances, especially in popular media. Should the public at large, be concerned about this kind of technology? Can it really read minds? Concerns about mind-reading might include the thought that, in having one’s mind open to view, the possibility for free deliberation, and for self-conception, are eroded where one isn’t at liberty to privately mull things over. Themes including privacy, cognitive liberty, and self-conception and expression appear to be areas of vital ethical concern. Overall, this article explores whether brain reading technologies are really mind reading technologies. If they are, ethical ways to deal with them must be developed. If they are not, researchers and technology developers need to find ways to describe them more accurately, in order to dispel unwarranted concerns and address appropriately those that are warranted.