bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Solvent Improving Mechanical Disruption of Palm Kernel Oil Extraction
Authors: Sitepu Eko K. , Chandra Andy , Zaidar Emma F. , Vika Annur , Sebayang Firman , Dewi Fera Roswita , Karo-karo Justaman , Tarigan Juliati Br 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Even though the mechanical extraction process offers a simple and environmentally friendly process, the recovery of oil is relatively low. Thermal pre-treating the oilseed increases the oil yield but produces unwanted oil colour. A new method which combines grinding and extraction using green solvents was developed to extract palm kernel oil. The performance of six different green solvents such as water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and d-limonene in extraction palm kernel oil was determined using a controllable blender extractor (CBE), new extraction equipment modified from a household blender appliance. Further, ethyl acetate, which produced the maximum oil yield, was used to study the effect of the operating parameters of the CBE. The oil yield of 34.2 ± 0.02% was obtained in the extraction condition of the ratio of palm kernel to ethyl acetate of 1:7, rotational speed of 5000 rpm and 10 minutes extraction time. Compared to other green extraction methods, the CBE-intensified palm kernel oil extraction could save >70% energy consumption. In terms of extraction time, the CBE-intensified could extract palm kernel oil faster than existing extraction methods.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a Novel TREM2 Ligand, Promotes Phagocytosis and Reduce Ischemic Injury
Authors: Sun Xiu-Lan , Xue Teng-Fei , Ji Juan , Guo Ruo-Bing , Sun Yu-Qin , Wang Xi-Peng , Guo Wei , Cai Zhen-Yu , Huang Xin-Xin , Yang Jin , Cheng Hong , Shi Hai-Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Activation of TREM2 protects against brain injury in ischemic stroke via immunoregulation. However, the endogenous ligand of TREM2 remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that S1P, an immunoregulator, functions as TREM2 ligand to promote microglial phagocytosis.Methods: SD rats, C57BL/6J mice and TREM2-/- mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and primary microglia were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Phagocytosis was investigated via immunofluorescence and two-photon microscope. LC-MS/MS, microscale thermophoresis and surface plasmon resonance were used to confirm the TREM2-S1P interaction.Results: FTY720, an analog of S1P, promoted microglial phagocytosis in ischemic stroke independent of S1PRs expressed on microglia. S1P was confirmed to be a novel endogenous ligand for TREM2 and promote cellular debris clearance. The enhanced cellular debris clearance ameliorated neurological score and infarct volume, relying on TREM2. Moreover, FTY720 was demonstrated to promote hemoglobin clearance in intracerebral hemorrhage and ameliorate hemorrhagic injury.Conlusions: The present work reveals for the first time that S1P acts as a novel endogenous ligand of TREM2 to effectively promote microglial phagocytosis, and provides a new lead compound for developing TREM2 modulator.
Can Gamma Glutamyle Transferase Predict Unhealthy Metabolic Phenotype in Healthcare Workers in Azar Cohort Study?
Authors: Somi Mohammadhossein , Zakavi Sina , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Frounchi Negin , Gilani Neda , Faramarzi Elnaz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a close connection between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), insulin resistance, and the increased number of the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there are no studies evaluating the correlation between GGT and cardiometabolic phenotype. Thus, the main objective of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between GGT and cardiometabolic phenotypes among healthcare workers in Azar Cohort Study.Method: In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high lipoprotein density (HDL), GGT, and blood pressure of 1458 healthcare workers were evaluated. MetS was determined according to the report by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). We classified participants into four cardiometabolic phenotypes. These phenotypes consist of metabolically-healthy lean (MHL) (no MetS and BMI < 25 kg/m2), metabolically-unhealthy lean (MUHL) (MetS present and BMI < 25 kg/m2), metabolically-healthy obese (MHO) (no MetS and BMI ≥25 kg/m2), and metabolically-unhealthy obese (MUHO) (MetS present and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).Results: The first and third GGT tertiles have the highest prevalence of MHL (31%) and MHO (65.1%), respectively, which is statistically significant (P-value ≤ 0.001). In comparison with the lowest GGT tertile, the odds of MHO and MUHO increased by 2.84 (95% CI 2.01-4.01) and 9.12 (95%CI 5.54-15), respectively. However, the correlation between MUHL and GGT tertile does not show a similar trend. According to the ROC curve, the cutoff value of 18.5 U/l for GGT allowed us to distinguish between MHO and MUHO.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, the GGT can be used as a biomarker to reveal the risk of MetS, and we believe that the GGT level can be used for the early detection of MHO at risk of MetS and for administering proper interventions.
Venous Thromboembolism and Ovarian Torsion-detorsion in Pregnancy: a Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature&nbsp;
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhao Ying , Zhang Quan , Zhou Zhu , Zhou Jianhong , Ruan Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The safety of adnexal detorsion in pregnant women is debatable as the hypercoagulable state during pregnancy intensifies the risk of thromboembolism. The diagnosis and treatment is challenging because its rarity and complexity due to the foetal health. Here we presented a rare case of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ovarian detorsion during early pregnancy and conducted a review of the literature. VTE after ovarian torsion-detorsion in pregnancy is an infrequent event and is more likely to occur in the first and second trimester. The diagnosis depends mainly on the clinical manifestation, D-dimer level and imaging tests such as compression ultrasonography and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Low-molecular-weight heparin remains the drug of choice for both prophylactic measurement and therapeutic strategy. With prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment, VTE after ovarian torsion-detorsion is usually uneventful.
Experience and Challenges for Establishing Quarantine Facility for Suspected COVID-19 Cases: Field Briefing
Authors: Garg Shubha , Kumar Akshay , Nale Tushar , Verma Navin , Dhuria Meera , Jain S. K. , Singh Sujeet Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to unprecedented SARS-CoV2 pandemic, in late January 2020, many countries in the world imposed travel ban. The governments across the world initiated repatriation operations for stranded nationals. It was important to instantly develop quarantine facilities for evacuees. As the disease was fairly new, data on it was sparse to fulfil the requirement. With this article, we are sharing our experience of establishing and managing India’s first quarantine facility for repatriate nationals focusing on key parameters including infection prevention & control, environmental cleaning and bio-medical waste management along with basic living requirements. The facility housed a total of 617 evacuees from China and Italy out of who 17 turned out positive on initial testing constituting 27.55% and one tested positive on the 14th day testing. Mindful of the level of exposure 25 contacts were traced and were prescribed additional quarantine period of fourteen days in the facility and discharged accordingly. All evacuees were put on community surveillance under State Surveillance Units by the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme. Supply of logistics, manpower management and ensuring compliance to protocols were some of the major challenges faced. Appropriate actions were designed and taken to address them. In conclusion, impeccable collaboration and coordination between different stakeholders is most essential ingredient for successful operation of any quarantine facility in the context of current pandemic.
Progress Towards Unique Patient Identification and Case-Based Surveillance within the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Authors: Govender Kerensa , Long Lawrence , Miot Jacqui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite significant advances within the South African Development Community (SADC) in making HIV care more accessible through universal prevention, testing, and treatment policies, the mobile nature of the population presents a challenge to tracking and linking of patients to HIV care, and other health services. Case-based surveillance (CBS) through individual-level clinical data linked and tracked with a unique patient identifier (UPI) has been recommended to create a more person-centred health information system, and is an important policy consideration within PEPFAR-supported countries.Methods: We conducted a landscape analysis of UPI and CBS implementation within selected SADC countries through a mixed-methods study design that included the following activities: 1) a literature review to gather evidence around UPI implementation and patient-tracking in the SADC region; 2) an assessment of progress towards UPI and CBS implementation within relatively high HIV prevalence SADC countries; and 3) a case-study of UPI implementation within selected South African primary healthcare (PHC) facilities.Results: Research into UPI implementation and movement towards CBS for the SADC region is lacking. Existing patient identification methods, such as name and surname, may not uniquely identify a patient or guarantee confidentiality. If a UPI has been assigned these are often facility specific, i.e. a patient can be tracked within a facility, but not across facilities. Other challenges include multiple identifiers allocated to one patient, incorrectly captured UPIs, preference for paper-based records and a lack of integration between numerous stand-alone health-information systems, e.g. laboratory databases and electronic health records, resulting in fragmented health information which limits patient-tracking and monitoring. Our analysis revealed that most countries were in the early-middle stages of the shift towards CBS and had challenges with UPI implementation. Our South African case-study found that the required identifier, which is critical for record-linkage and systems-integration, may often not be recorded.Conclusions: Until a fully functional and reliable UPI is in place difficulties tracking patients across prevention and care cascades will continue. Progress towards CBS was lagging in all countries, consistently hampered by a preference for paper-based records and difficulties implementing the UPI, underscoring a need for increased policy efforts and support to address this gap.
Prebiotic Food Intake may Improve Bone Resorption in Japanese Female Athletes
Authors: Ishizu Tatsuya , Takai Eri , Torii Suguru , Taguchi Motoko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported that prebiotics are beneficial in improving bone health due to their balancing effect on the gut microbiota. As numerous Japanese female athletes have issues related to bone health, a better understanding of the bioactivity of prebiotics are essential. The present study aimed to attempt continuous intake of prebiotic food would balance the gut microbiota, resulting in improved bone metabolism turnover marker among the Japanese female athletes.Methods: The participants included 29 female athletes aged 18–25 years. They were requested to consume their habitual foods or drinks with one pack of prebiotic food every day for 12 weeks. Dietary intake, energy expenditure, body composition, blood sample, and faecal gut microbiota was assessed during this intervention period.Results: Body composition, total energy intake, and total energy expenditure of the participants revealed no significant changes during the intervention period. The occupation ratio of Bifidobacterium spp. was significantly increased at 3 and 4 weeks (18.0% ± 8.3% and 17.6% ± 8.5%, respectively) compared to that of pre-intervention (11.7% ± 7.3%) (p = 0.019 and p = 0.035, respectively). Serum TRACP-5b level was significantly decreased at 12 weeks (363 ± 112 mU/dL) compared to that at baseline (430 ± 154 mU/dL) (p = 0.018).Conclusions: These results suggest that continued intake of inulin and lactulose fortified prebiotic food might have beneficial effects on bone health and gut microbial environment among the female athletes. Further studies are warranted to identify the mechanism of the prebiotics-gut-bone axis.Trial registration: Umin Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000029589. Registered 17 October 2017.
Diagnostic Value of the Microbiome in the Bronchoalveolar Fluid of Patients with Lung masses and its Relationship with their Clinical Features
Authors: Ye Maosong , Zhou Jian , Wu Shengdi , Xia Jingrong , Wei Sulan , Song Yuanlin , Tong Lin , Zhang Xin , Xu Nuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacterial communities were demonstrated to be correlated with patients with several respiratory diseases. Although some studies have been performed on the composition of the microbiota in lung cancer, the issue has not been fully addressed. Therefore, we characterized the microbiomes of patients with lung cancer and benign mass-like lesions and evaluated the relationship between microbiota and clinical features.Methods: Bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with lung masses was collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA-based next-generation sequencing. Then, the relationships between the composition of the microbiota and clinical features were evaluated. Results: The relative abundance of two genera, Megasphaera and Norank_p_saccharibacteria, and two phyla, Firmicutes and Saccharibacteria, were significantly increased, while one phyla Proteobacteria was decreased in patients with lung cancer. The genera Atoprevotella and 1 phylum, Bacteroidetes, were increased in patients with SCLC, while 1 phylum, Chloroflexi, was more abundant in patients with NSCLC than those with SCLC. Moreover, the patients whose BALF was enriched with the genus Capnocytophaga seemed to have a better response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The area under the curve of a combination of two genera (megasphera and norank_p_Saccharibacteria) used to predict lung cancer was 0.803. The area under the curve of the genus Capnocytophaga in predicting the response to chemotherapy was 0.850.Conclusions: There are differences in the composition of the microbiome of patients with lung cancer and those with benign mass-like lesions. The lung microbiota may be used as a biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer and differentiating the cancer subtype and might have an impact in the response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy among patients with lung cancer.
Cost-Effectiveness of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Versus Rituximab Monotherapy in Patients with Previously Treated Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Thielen Frederick , Kersten Marie-José , Kuizenga Pim , Hoogendoorn Mels , Posthuma Eduardus FM , Stevens Wendy BC , Groot Carin A Uyl-de , Blommestein Hedwig M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Efficacy of lenalidomide plus rituximab (R-LEN) compared to rituximab monotherapy (R-mono) for patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL) was investigated in AUGMENT (NCT01938001). Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of R-LEN versus R-mono in this setting from a Dutch perspective.Methods: Cost-effectiveness was assessed through a partitioned survival model with three health states from three perspectives (i.e. societal, healthcare and societal including future non-medical costs). Patient-level data from AUGMENT informed effectiveness parameters (i.e. long-term survival) and health state utilities. Resource use and prices were based on AUGMENT and the literature. Clinical experts validated efficacy input parameters and results. Uncertainty was explored through sensitivity and scenario analyses.Results: R-LEN resulted in 1.7 incremental discounted QALYs. Total incremental discounted costs were 67,161 EUR from a societal perspective, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 40,493 EUR/QALY (healthcare: 37,951 EUR/QALY; societal including future non-medical costs: 49,296 EUR/QALY). Sensitivity analyses indicated some uncertainty in the model results. In some scenarios R-LEN exceed an ICER of 50,000 EUR/QALY.Conclusion: R-LEN was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 50,000 EUR/QALY in the base-case analyses. Scenario and sensitivity analyses indicated some level of uncertainty regarding this conclusion, depending on the chosen WTP-threshold and perspective.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism LEP-R 668 A/G (Gln223Arg, rs1137101) of Leptin Receptor Gene with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Bieńkiewicz Jan , Romanowicz Hanna , Wilczyński Miłosz , Jabłoński Grzegorz , Stepowicz Anna , Obłękowska Anna , Malinowski Andrzej , Smolarz Beata 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) LEP-R 668 A/G (Gln223Arg, rs1137101) of leptin receptor gene and to assess the influence this DNA marker has on endometrial cancer (EC) with respect to total body fat content.MethodsThe study comprised 120 patients treated for endometrial cancer and 90 female controls treated for uterine fibroids. In total, 210 patients were included in this research. DNA was isolated from archival post-operative specimens. Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism was employed to analyze the SNP.ResultsIn this paper we have demonstrated that heterozygous genotype AG of SNP LEP-R 668 A/G (Gln223Arg, rs1137101) is statistically less frequent in women with endometrial cancer (EC) than in controls: 33 versus 57%, respectively. Similarly, this heterozygous genotype is statistically significantly less frequent in obese (BMI>30) women with EC than in lean controls (BMI<25): 30 versus 63%, respectively.ConclusionsAG polymorphic variant of SNP LEP-R 668 A/G (Gln223Arg, rs1137101) in LEP-R may be considered a protective factor in the development of endometrial cancer.
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammation and the Blood Brain Barrier in Older Surgical Patients: The Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders Study
Authors: Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha , Ngo Long H. , Dillon Simon T. , Fong Tamara G , Carlyle Becky C , Kivisakk Pia , Trombetta Bianca A , Vlassakov Kamen V , Kunze Lisa J , Arnold Steven E , Xie Zhongcong , Inouye Sharon K , Libermann Towia A , Marcantonio Edward R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Our understanding of the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains limited, which poses an obstacle to the identification of blood-based markers of neuroinflammatory disorders. To better understand the relationship between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) markers of inflammation before and after surgery, we aimed to: examine whether surgery compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evaluate postoperative changes in inflammatory markers, and assess the correlations between plasma and CSF levels of inflammation.
Methods

We examined the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective hip or knee surgery under spinal anesthesia who had plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline and postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) (n = 29). Plasma and CSF levels of three inflammatory markers previously identified as increasing after surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitinase 3-like protein (also known as YKL-40). Integrity of the BBB was computed as the ratio of CSF/plasma albumin levels (Qalb). Mean Qalb and levels of inflammation were compared between baseline and PO1MO. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine correlation between biofluids. For the plasma-CSF biofluids with significant correlations, we determined whether the markers were associated by using linear regression models.
Results

Mean Qalb did not change between baseline and PO1MO. Plasma and CSF levels of IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40 were higher on PO1MO relative to baseline, with a disproportionally higher increase in CSF levels relative to plasma levels (IL-6 doubled and CRP tripled in CSF). Significant plasma-CSF correlations for CRP (baseline r = 0.70 and PO1MO r = 0.89, p < .01 for both) and IL-6 (PO1MO r = 0.48, p < .01) were observed, with higher correlations on PO1MO compared with baseline.
Conclusions

In this elective surgical sample of older adults, BBB integrity was similar between baseline and PO1MO, inflammation levels were higher PO1MO than baseline, and plasma-CSF correlations were observed for CRP and IL-6. Our identification of potential promising plasma markers of inflammation in the CNS may facilitate the early identification of patients at greatest risk for neuroinflammation and its associated adverse cognitive outcomes.
The Reconsitution of the Weld Pool Surface in Stationary TIG&nbsp;Welding Process With Filler Wire
Authors: Huang Jiankang , Guangyin LIU , Jing HE , Shurong YU , Shien LIU , Huizi CHEN , Wei PAN , Ding FAN 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the weld pool surface during the TIG welding process of the filler wire, an observation test platform for the study of the three-dimensional surface behavior evolution of the TIG weld pool based on the grid structure laser was used to observe the weld pool surface and obtain the reflection grid laser image. The three-dimensional surface evolution of the fixed-point TIG welding pool is accurately restored by the three-dimensional recovery algorithm of the weld pool surface, so as to obtain the three-dimensional surface morphology of the weld pool. The difference between the obtained weld pool height and the experimental results is very small, and the results are basically the same.