bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical investigation to evaluate the washout of blood compartments in a total artificial heart
Authors: Luraghi Giulia , De Gaetano Francesco , Rodriguez Matas José Félix , Dubini Gabriele , Costantino Maria Laura , De Castilla Hector , Griffaton Nicolas , Vignale Davide , Palmisano Anna , Gentile Giuseppe , Esposito Antonio , Migliavacca Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTotal artificial heart (TAH) represents the only valid alternative to heart transplantation, whose number is continuously increasing in recent years. The TAH used in this work, is a biventricular pulsatile, electrically powered, hydraulically actuated flow pump with all components embodied in a single device. One of the major issues for TAHs is the washout capability of the device, strictly correlated with the presence of blood stagnation sites. The aim of this work was to develop a numerical methodology to study the washout coupled with the fluid dynamics evaluation of a total artificial heart under nominal working conditions. The first part of this study focussed on the CT scan analysis of the hybrid membrane kinematics during TAH operation, which was replicated with a fluid‐structure interaction simulation in the second part. The difference in percentage between the in vitro and in silico flow rates and stroke volume is 9.7% and 6.3%, respectively. An injection of contrast blood was simulated, and a good washout performance was observed and quantified with the volume fraction of the contrast blood still in the ventricle. The left chamber of the device showed a superior washout performance, with a contrast volume still inside the device after four washout cycles of 6.2%, with the right chamber showing 15%.
High-throughput analysis of T cell–monocyte interaction in human tuberculosis
Authors: Habtamu M , Abrahamsen G , Aseffa A , Andargie E , Ayalew S , Abebe M , Spurkland A 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe lack of efficient tools for identifying immunological correlates of tuberculosis (TB) protection or risk of disease progression impedes the development of improved control strategies. To more clearly understand the host response in TB, we recently established an imaging flow cytometer-based in-vitro assay, which assesses multiple aspects of T cell–monocyte interaction. Here, we extended our previous work and characterized communication between T cells and monocytes using clinical samples from individuals with different TB infection status and healthy controls from a TB endemic setting. To identify T cell–monocyte conjugates, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with ds-Red-expressing Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin or 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT 6) peptides for 6 h, and analyzed by imaging flow cytometer (IFC). We then enumerated T cell–monocyte conjugates using polarization of T cell receptor (TCR) and F-actin as markers for synapse formation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation in the T cells. We observed a reduced frequency of T cell–monocyte conjugates in cells from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) compared to latent TB-infected (LTBI) and healthy controls. When we monitored NF-κB nuclear translocation in T cells interacting with monocytes, the proportion of responding cells was significantly higher in active pTB compared with LTBI and controls. Overall, these data underscore the need to consider multiple immunological parameters against TB, where IFC could be a valuable tool.
Effects of amusing memes on concern for unappealing species
Authors: Lenda Magdalena , Skórka Pjoter , Mazur Błażej , Sutherland William , Tryjanowski Piotr , Moroń Dawid , Meijaard Erik , Possingham Hugh P. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is limited knowledge of the mechanisms that can inspire people's concern and engagement in the protection of unpopular and unappealing species. We analyzed Polish people's interest in themed internet memes featuring the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) and the consequences of this interest for conservation marketing. We examined Google Trends data, used Google Search, and searched popular media materials to estimate interest in the proboscis monkey in Poland. Photos of the proboscis monkey when presented with humor in internet memes attracted as much interest as usually more popular species (e.g., koala, panda, and orangutan) used in marketing by nongovernmental organizations. Amusing internet memes spread by social media positively correlated with increasing interest in the unappealing species, such as proboscis monkey. Interest in amusing internet memes positively correlated with individuals’ decisions to donate to 6 crowdfunding actions. Thus, conservation marketing that includes amusing memes and social media may provide a worthwhile complement to traditional campaigns and are likely to influence individuals who are unaffected by the usual means.
Review of biologics in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Bhatia Jushya , Sarin Ankur , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Navarini Alexander A. , Mueller Simon M. , Grabbe Stephan , Saloga Joachim , Rokni Ghasem R. , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe resistant and recalcitrant nature of severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) makes its management challenging. With advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of ACD, newer therapeutic targets are becoming apparent. In particular, the use of biologics has gained momentum, given the specificity of their action. This article aims to review the presently available data on the use of biologics in ACD. English‐language–based literature available on the use of biological therapy was thoroughly probed in the following databases as on October 14, 2019: PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCO. The following keywords were used: “contact dermatitis”, “allergens”, “delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction”, “biologics”, “biological therapy”, “monoclonal antibodies”, “patch testing”, “TNF‐α inhibitors”, “infliximab”, “adalimumab”, “etanercept”, “dupilumab”, “omalizumab”, “secukinumab”, “ustekinumab”, “rituximab”.
Low anterior resection syndrome in a Scandinavian population of patients with rectal cancer: a longitudinal follow‐up within the QoLiRECT study
Authors: Sandberg S. , Asplund D. , Bisgaard T. , Bock D. , González E. , Karlsson L. , Matthiessen P. , Ohlsson B. , Park J. , Rosenberg J. , Skullman S. , Sörensson M. , Angenete E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is common after low anterior resection. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and ‘bother’ (subjective, symptom‐associated distress) of major LARS after 1 and 2 years, identify possible risk factors and relate the bowel function to a reference population.MethodThe QoLiRECT (Quality of Life in RECTal cancer) study is a Scandinavian prospective multicentre study including 1248 patients with rectal cancer, of whom 552 had an anterior resection. Patient questionnaires were distributed at diagnosis and after 1, 2 and 5 years. Data from the baseline and at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up were included in this study.ResultsThe LARS score was calculated for 309 patients at 1 year and 334 patients at 2 years. Prevalence was assessed by a generalized linear mixed effects model. Major LARS was found in 63% at 1 year and 56% at 2 years. Bother was evident in 55% at 1 year, decreasing to 46% at 2 years. Major LARS was most common among younger women (69%). Among younger patients, only marginal improvement was seen over time (63–59%), for older patients there was more improvement (62–52%). In the reference population, the highest prevalence of major LARS‐like symptoms was noted in older women (12%). Preoperative radiotherapy, defunctioning stoma and tumour height were found to be associated with major LARS.ConclusionMajor LARS is common and possibly persistent over time. Younger patients, especially women, are more affected, and perhaps these patients should be prioritized for early stoma closure to improve the chance of a more normal bowel function.
Advanced phenology of intraguild predators shifts herbivore host plant preference and performance
Authors: Mullins Maria , Den Uyl James , Cruz Emily , Trail Samantha , Davidson Benjamin , Campbell Diane , Mooney Emily 
Published: April 2020

1. The abundance of insect herbivores is mediated by interactions with higher and lower trophic levels. This research asks (i) how phenological change across trophic levels affects host plant quality and selection for aphids, and (ii) what higher trophic level mechanisms drive aphid abundance.2. Ligusticum porteri is a perennial host for the sap‐feeding aphid Aphis asclepiadis and intraguild mirid predators (chiefly Lygus hesperus) in Colorado. We used long‐term observational data to discover that aphids and mirids respond differently to phenological cues. These unique responses can impact aphid abundance through changes to host plant selection and quality.3. We used behavioural choice assays to assess how advanced mirid phenology influences aphid host plant selection. More alates landed and reproduced on mirid‐free control plants relative to host plants with prior mirid feeding. However, this preference did not correlate with aphid performance when we compared aphid relative growth rates between treatments. This suggests that advanced mirid phenology would impact aphid populations more through host plant choice, rather than reductions in host quality. The addition of mirids to experimental aphid colonies also demonstrated reduced aphid colony growth via predation.4. We measured plant cues involved in host selection and found differences in volatile composition between plants with prior mirid feeding compared to control plants, providing the potential for aphids to detect enemy‐free space using volatile cues.
Student generation and peer review of examination questions in the dental curriculum: Enhancing student engagement and learning
Authors: Nguyen Ky‐Anh , Lucas Cherie , Leadbeatter Delyse 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWriting, sharing, answering, discussing and rating examination questions are a way to involve students in creating content and applying their knowledge. The PeerWise online question‐setting platform facilitates student communities in this activity. This mixed‐methods study asks the question: Does students' writing and answering examination questions enhance their engagement and learning of Neurology as a Life Science topic?MethodsOver a 2‐year period, self‐assembled groups of 3‐4 students submitted 1‐2 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) every 2 weeks into the PeerWise portal for review by their peers. Summative examination results were compared with previous year's control group. Data were also collected regarding student engagement (number of MCQs answered or submitted comments) are compared to summative assessment results at the end of semester. Post‐intervention student satisfaction surveys were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to assess the effectiveness of the exercise.ResultsWith 174 and 80 student participants in intervention and control groups, respectively, no statistical difference was found in the average marks between the cohorts. However, within intervention group, positive correlation (Spearman's r = .272‐.333) was found between higher level of student engagement with PeerWise and higher examination result. Positive correlation remained persistent after completion of the PeerWise exercise. Student survey revealed greater engagement with subject content, and qualitative thematic analysis was mapped to define various ways students engaged with the PeerWise activity.ConclusionTasking students to regularly generate and review MCQs enhances engagement with the topic, and higher engagement with PeerWise correlating to higher examination scores.
Embedding inquiry‐based practices in schools: The strategic role of school leaders
Authors: Geijsel Femke , Schenke Wouter , van Driel Jan , Volman Monique 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe context of this study were research and development projects in Dutch secondary education, particularly funded by government to combine practice‐based research with school development goals for inquiry‐based culture. Aiming at better understanding of the strategic role that school leaders play in embedding inquiry‐based practices in schools, the research question of this study was to explore to what extent and how do school leaders use the opportunity of participating in funded research and development projects for encouraging and integrating inquiry‐based practices in their schools? Differences concerning the integration of inquiry‐based working in the school as professional learning community were examined, distinguishing between school leaders’ strategies of capacity building. Twenty‐eight school leaders of Dutch secondary schools, involved in nineteen projects, were interviewed retrospectively. Analyses showed the majority of the school leaders to be convinced that inquiry‐based working is important for their schools’ development as a professional community. Their strategies for achieving school level project significance differed in school leaders’ successive attention on personal or interpersonal capacity building with regard to inquiry‐based practices. Moreover, while some school leaders were actively involved with capacity building right from the start of the research and development projects projects, almost two‐third of the school leaders developed interest in inquiry‐based practices during the projects and started to enact in the final year of the project. In discussing the results, it is proposed that the interaction of strategy and context needs further study, for instance to inform peer learning among school leaders that are novice and experienced in inquiry‐based practices as a means to develop the school as a professional learning community.
Landscape simplification shapes pathogen prevalence in plant‐pollinator networks
Authors: Figueroa Laura L. , Grab Heather , Ng Wee Hao , Myers Christopher R. , Graystock Peter , McFrederick Quinn S. , McArt Scott H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpecies interaction networks, which play an important role in determining pathogen transmission and spread in ecological communities, can shift in response to agricultural landscape simplification. However, we know surprisingly little about how landscape simplification‐driven changes in network structure impact epidemiological patterns. Here, we combine mathematical modelling and data from eleven bipartite plant‐pollinator networks observed along a landscape simplification gradient to elucidate how changes in network structure shape disease dynamics. Our empirical data show that landscape simplification reduces pathogen prevalence in bee communities via increased diet breadth of the dominant species. Furthermore, our empirical data and theoretical model indicate that increased connectance reduces the likelihood of a disease outbreak and decreases variance in prevalence among bee species in the community, resulting in a dilution effect. Because infectious diseases are implicated in pollinator declines worldwide, a better understanding of how land use change impacts species interactions is therefore critical for conserving pollinator health.
Large vessel occlusion is independently associated with atrial fibrillation detection
Authors: Pagola J. , Juega J. , Francisco‐Pascual J. , Bustamante A. , Penalba A. , Pala E. , Rodriguez M. , De Lera Alfonso M. , Arenillas J. F. , Cabezas J. A. , Moniche F. , de Torres R. , Montaner J. , González‐Alujas T. , Alvarez‐Sabin J. , Molina C. A. ,   the Crypto‐AF study group
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeCovert paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) is the most frequent cause of cardiac embolism. Our goal was to discover parameters associated with early pAF detection with intensive cardiac monitoring.MethodCrypto‐AF was a multicentre prospective study (four Comprehensive Stroke Centres) to detect pAF in non‐lacunar cryptogenic stroke continuously monitored within the first 28 days. Stroke severity, infarct pattern, large vessel occlusion (LVO) at baseline, electrocardiography analysis, supraventricular extrasystolia in the Holter examination, left atrial volume index and brain natriuretic peptide level were assessed. The percentage of pAF detection and pAF episodes lasting more than 5 h were registered.ResultsOut of 296 patients, 264 patients completed the monitoring period with 23.1% (61/264) of pAF detection. Patients with pAF were older [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.08], they had more haemorrhagic infarction (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.44–11.22), they were more likely to have LVO (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.31–7.97) (P < 0.0001), they had a larger left atrial volume index (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.1) (P = 0.0002) and they had a higher level of brain natriuretic peptide (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.0–1.1). Age and LVO were independently associated with pAF detection (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, and OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.27– 21.38, respectively). Patients with LVO had higher cumulative incidence of pAF (log rank P < 0.001) and more percentage of pAF > 5 h [29.6% (21/71) vs. 8.3% (12/144); OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.11–10.08; P < 0.001]. In a mean follow‐up of 26.82 months (SD 10.15) the stroke recurrence rate was 4.6% (12/260).ConclusionsLarge vessel occlusion in cryptogenic stroke emerged as an independent marker of pAF.
CADASIL: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Chabriat H. , Joutel A. , Tournier‐Lasserve E. , Bousser M. G. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeIn 2019, the Brain Prize crowned the discovery of CADASIL in the 1990s and research efforts on this archetypal small vessel disease of the brain over 40 years.Methods and resultsThe hereditary origin of this arteriolopathy was discovered from a first clinical case and detailed observation of the patient’s family. Thereafter, the role of causative mutations within the NOTCH3 gene were identified, allowing the development of a genetic test and then of an animal model of the disease. These crucial steps led to the discovery progressively that CADASIL is the most common genetic cerebral small vessel disease, to describing for the first time the natural history of a cerebral ischaemic small vessel disease from silent cerebral tissue lesions up to severe motor disability and dementia at the end stage, to demonstrating the central role of matrix proteins in its pathophysiology and to opening the door to the discovery of several other genes involved in monogenic cerebral small vessel diseases.DiscussionToday, CADASIL is known to every neurologist, but the disease has not yet revealed all its secrets. A lot of effort is still needed to understand the intimate mechanisms of the disease and the most efficient targets or approaches for the development of efficient therapeutics. The history of CADASIL will be further enriched by multiple ongoing research projects worldwide, at clinical and preclinical level, and will continue to enlighten research in the field of cerebral small vessel disorders.
Interactions between in vivo neuronal‐glial markers, side of hippocampal sclerosis, and pharmacoresponse in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Pimentel‐Silva Luciana R. , Casseb Raphael F. , Cordeiro Mônica M. , Campos Bruno A. G. , Alvim Marina K. M. , Rogerio Fábio , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Cendes Fernando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the interactions of metabolic neuronal‐glial changes with the presence and hemispheric‐side of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and its potential role in predicting pharmacoresistance in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsWe included structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) metabolic data for 91 patients with unilateral TLE and 50 healthy controls. We measured the values of total N‐acetyl aspartate/total creatine (tNAA/tCr), glutamate/tCr (Glu/tCr), and myo‐inositol/tCr (mIns/tCr). To assess the influence of the pharmacoresponse and hemispheric‐side of HS on metabolic data, the relationship between clinical and MRI data, and the predictive value of NAA/Cr, we used analysis of variance/covariance and built a logistic regression model. We used bootstrap simulations to evaluate reproducibility.ResultsBilateral tNAA/tCr reduction was associated with pharmacoresistance and with left HS, a decrease of Glu/tCr ipsilateral to the seizure focus was associated with pharmacoresistance, and ipsilateral mIns/tCr increase was related to pharmacoresistance and the presence of left HS. The logistic regression model containing clinical and 1H‐MRS data discriminated pharmacoresistance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78). However, the reduction of tNAA/tCr was the main predictor, with the odds 2.48 greater for pharmacoresistance.SignificanceOur study revealed a spectrum of neuronal‐glial changes in TLE, which was associated with pharmacoresistance, being more severe in left‐sided HS and less severe in MRI‐negative TLE. These noninvasive, in vivo biomarkers provide valuable additional information about the interhemispheric differences in metabolic dysfunction, seizure burden, and HS, and may help to predict pharmacoresistance.
The matriptase‐prostasin proteolytic cascade in dermatologic diseases
Authors: Touati Andrew , Saeidian Amir Hossein , Youssefian Leila , Faghankhani Masoomeh , Niaziorimi Fatemeh , Pajouhanfar Sara , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Uitto Jouni 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe proper development and function of skin and hair are dependent on proteolytic activities. Specifically, the matriptase‐prostasin cascade is a series of proteolytic reactions in the epidermis integral to normal regulation of desquamation. An increasing amount of research describing this pathway has recently become available, and the importance of this pathway is exhibited by the association of genetic defects in this pathway with human diseases of the skin and hair. Given the relevance of this pathway to dermatology, we provide a review of the current understanding of its relevance to distinct clinical entities, including ichthyosis‐hypotrichosis and Netherton syndromes.
An in‐depth neurobehavioral characterization shows anxiety‐like traits, impaired habituation behavior, and restlessness in male Cryptochrome‐deficient mice
Authors: Hühne Anisja , Volkmann Paul , Stephan Marius , Rossner Moritz , Landgraf Dominic 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany psychiatric disorders, for example, anxiety, are accompanied by disturbances of circadian rhythms, including disturbed sleep/wake cycles, changes in locomotor activity, and abnormal endocrine function. Conversely, alternations of circadian rhythms are a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. This assumption is supported by animals with clock gene mutations which often display behaviors that resemble human psychiatric disorders. In this study, we performed an in‐depth behavioral analysis with male mice lacking the central clock genes Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (Cry1/2−/−), which are thus unable to express endogenous circadian rhythms. With wild‐type and Cry1/2−/− mice, we performed an extensive behavioral analysis to study their cognitive abilities, social behavior, and their expression of depression‐like and anxiety‐like behavior. While Cry1/2−/− mice showed only mild abnormalities at cognitive and social behavioral levels, they were consistently more anxious than wildtype mice. Anxiety‐like behavior was particularly evident in reduced mobility in new environments, altered ability to habituate, compensatory behavior, and consistent restless behavior across many behavioral tests. In line with their anxiety‐like behavioral phenotype, Cry1/2−/− mice have higher c‐Fos activity in the amygdala after exposure to an anxiogenic stressor than wild‐type mice. In our study, we identified Cry1/2−/− mice as animals that qualify as a translational mouse model for anxiety disorder in humans because of its consistent behavior of restlessness, increased immobility, and dysfunctional habituation in new environments.