bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome-Level Assembly of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) Genome
Authors: Yurchenko Andrey A , Recknagel Hans , Elmer Kathryn R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their phenotypic traits and geographical distributions and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, genomic resources are very limited for this group of species, consequently inhibiting research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Lacertidae), using a combination of high coverage Illumina (shotgun and mate-pair) and PacBio sequencing data, coupled with RNAseq data and genetic linkage map generation. The 1.46-Gb genome assembly has a scaffold N50 of 11.52 Mb with N50 contig size of 220.4 kb and only 2.96% gaps. A BUSCO analysis indicates that 97.7% of the single-copy Tetrapoda orthologs were recovered in the assembly. In total, 19,829 gene models were annotated to the genome using a combination of ab initio and homology-based methods. To improve the chromosome-level assembly, we generated a high-density linkage map from wild-caught families and developed a novel analytical pipeline to accommodate multiple paternity and unknown father genotypes. We successfully anchored and oriented almost 90% of the genome on 19 linkage groups. This annotated and oriented chromosome-level reference genome represents a valuable resource to facilitate evolutionary studies in squamate reptiles.
Gender Divides in Engagement With COVID-19 Information on the Internet Among U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Campos-Castillo Celeste 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Gender and age disparities in older adults’ exposure to pandemic stressors may create different needs for engaging with COVID-19 information, yet mitigation strategies to curb spreading COVID-19 inhibit their access to preferred in-person information networks. To inform the design of Internet-based interventions for older adults, the current study of U.S. older adults examines gender and age divides in searching for and sharing COVID-19 information on the Internet.

Method
A secondary analysis of survey data from the Pew Research Center fielded March 19–24, 2020. Bivariate probit regressions jointly estimated how searching for and sharing information on the Internet about COVID-19 were associated with the age and gender of U.S. older adults (50 or older), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Consistent with previous research, younger older adults (50–64) were more likely than their older counterparts (65 or older) to search for and share information about COVID-19 and men, regardless of age, were less likely than women to share information. While men are usually more likely than women to search for information, women who are younger older adults were most likely to search for COVID-19 information.

Discussion
Internet-based interventions for older adults should consider how gender shapes their exposure to pandemic stressors. Men, who were already at risk of social isolation before the pandemic, may be candidates for interventions encouraging social uses of the Internet. Women between 50 and 64 were most likely among adults to provide care for another adult before the pandemic, which may be shaping their online information needs.
Conscientiousness, Activity Engagement, and Momentary Affect in Oldest-Old Adulthood
Authors: Windsor Tim D , Curtis Rachel G , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane A , Luszcz Mary A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Remaining engaged with life is a hallmark of aging well and pursuing personally meaningful activities is presumably important for late-life affect. We examined how moment-to-moment variability in meaning and degree of challenge ascribed to daily activities relate to positive and negative affect in very old adults. Possible moderating effects of between-person differences in conscientiousness on meaning-affect associations were also examined.

Methods
Participants were 73 adults aged 89 years on average from the Australian Daily Life Time-Sampling module of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants provided self-report data on activity engagement (meaning and challenge associated with activities) and affect, on 5 occasions per day for a period of 7 consecutive days.

Results
Within-person associations of activity meaning with affect varied as a function of within-person challenge ratings. Specifically, gains in positive affect associated with meaningful activity were more strongly evident when activities were regarded as more challenging. In contrast, meaningful activity was associated with higher negative affect when activities were regarded as more challenging and lower negative affect when activities were regarded as less challenging. Conscientiousness did not moderate associations of activity meaning with affect.

Discussion
Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between maintaining meaningful engagement and daily emotional experiences in very old age. We discuss theoretical and practical implications and consider the role of late-life conscientiousness for self- and emotion regulation.
A hybrid pipeline for reconstruction and analysis of viral genomes at multi-organ level
Authors: Pratas Diogo , Toppinen Mari , Pyöriä Lari , Hedman Klaus , Sajantila Antti , Perdomo Maria F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled the characterization of multiple microbial and host genomes, opening new frontiers of knowledge while kindling novel applications and research perspectives. Among these is the investigation of the viral communities residing in the human body and their impact on health and disease. To this end, the study of samples from multiple tissues is critical, yet, the complexity of such analysis calls for a dedicated pipeline. We provide an automatic and efficient pipeline for identification, assembly, and analysis of viral genomes that combines the DNA sequence data from multiple organs. TRACESPipe relies on cooperation among 3 modalities: compression-based prediction, sequence alignment, and de novo assembly. The pipeline is ultra-fast and provides, additionally, secure transmission and storage of sensitive data.

Findings
TRACESPipe performed outstandingly when tested on synthetic and ex vivo datasets, identifying and reconstructing all the viral genomes, including those with high levels of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. It also detected minimal levels of genomic variation between different organs.

Conclusions
TRACESPipe's unique ability to simultaneously process and analyze samples from different sources enables the evaluation of within-host variability. This opens up the possibility to investigate viral tissue tropism, evolution, fitness, and disease associations. Moreover, additional features such as DNA damage estimation and mitochondrial DNA reconstruction and analysis, as well as exogenous-source controls, expand the utility of this pipeline to other fields such as forensics and ancient DNA studies. TRACESPipe is released under GPLv3 and is available for free download at https://github.com/viromelab/tracespipe.
Technical workflows for hyperspectral plant image assessment and processing on the greenhouse and laboratory scale
Authors: Paulus Stefan , Mahlein Anne-Katrin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The use of hyperspectral cameras is well established in the field of plant phenotyping, especially as a part of high-throughput routines in greenhouses. Nevertheless, the workflows used differ depending on the applied camera, the plants being imaged, the experience of the users, and the measurement set-up.

Results
This review describes a general workflow for the assessment and processing of hyperspectral plant data at greenhouse and laboratory scale. Aiming at a detailed description of possible error sources, a comprehensive literature review of possibilities to overcome these errors and influences is provided. The processing of hyperspectral data of plants starting from the hardware sensor calibration, the software processing steps to overcome sensor inaccuracies, and the preparation for machine learning is shown and described in detail. Furthermore, plant traits extracted from spectral hypercubes are categorized to standardize the terms used when describing hyperspectral traits in plant phenotyping. A scientific data perspective is introduced covering information for canopy, single organs, plant development, and also combined traits coming from spectral and 3D measuring devices.

Conclusions
This publication provides a structured overview on implementing hyperspectral imaging into biological studies at greenhouse and laboratory scale. Workflows have been categorized to define a trait-level scale according to their metrological level and the processing complexity. A general workflow is shown to outline procedures and requirements to provide fully calibrated data of the highest quality. This is essential for differentiation of the smallest changes from hyperspectral reflectance of plants, to track and trace hyperspectral development as an answer to biotic or abiotic stresses.
The Relationship between Allegations of Economic Crimes in Foreign Investments and the Adjudicative Power of Investor–State Tribunals
Authors: Christofi Despina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article falls within the broad areas of investment and financial law and, in particular, it focuses on various challenges that emerge from allegations of economic crime in investor–State arbitration. In particular, what is examined is how the adjudicative power and authority of investor–State tribunals is affected by alleged investors’ economic crimes. The two examples of economic crimes discussed are money laundering and corruption, due to their growing prominence in the field of investment arbitration. The existing legal framework regarding corruption and money laundering at international and multinational levels is analysed first, as arbitrators should base their decisions on it when they face an allegation of the two aforementioned economic crimes. Afterwards, the article identifies and evaluates three possible options for arbitrators: first, to deny jurisdiction over the particular dispute; second, to refer to relevant principles of international public policy; and, third, to apply the mandatory provisions of a law other than the one applicable in the particular dispute. After critically analysing each of the three options, the article concludes with some suggestions on how arbitrators should deal with alleged cases of economic crime, and, further, how bilateral and multilateral investment treaties could be adjusted so as to tackle this evolving problem.
Work and works on digital platforms in capitalism: conceptual and regulatory challenges for labour and copyright law
Authors: Adams Zoe , Grosse Ruse-Khan Henning 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article explores the challenges associated with creative work in the digital economy at both a conceptual and practical level, through the conjoined lenses of labour law and copyright law. We begin by developing a conception of the capitalist work relation and the distinct struggles intrinsic to it. This allows us to better understand the functions of creative work in contemporary ‘digital’ capitalism and the various regulatory challenges to which these different functions give rise. We then use this analysis to explore some of the conceptual and practical challenges that arise in both labour and copyright law when it comes to regulating creative work in an age of ‘digital platforms’, with a particular focus on the question of how to secure creators a fair remuneration, and potentially, a living, for their work. The concluding section discusses the potential and limits of new European Union rules on mandatory protections for authors and users to deal with these challenges.
LIMK1/2 in the mPFC Plays a Role in Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Effects in Mice
Authors: Gao Ting-Ting , Wang Yuan , Liu Ling , Wang Jin-Liang , Wang Ying-Jie , Guan Wei , Chen Ting-Ting , Zhao Jie , Jiang Bo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Depression is one of the most common forms of mental illness and also a leading cause of disability worldwide. Developing novel antidepressant targets beyond the monoaminergic systems is now popular and necessary. LIM kinases, including LIM domain kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1/2), play a key role in actin and microtubule dynamics through phosphorylating cofilin. Since depression is associated with atrophy of neurons and reduced connectivity, here we speculate that LIMK1/2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression.

Methods
In this study, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), chronic restraint stress (CRS), and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) models of depression, various behavioral tests, stereotactic injection, western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods were adopted.

Results
CUMS, CRS, and CSDS all significantly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not the hippocampus of mice. Administration of fluoxetine, the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in clinical practice, fully reversed the effects of CUMS, CRS, and CSDS on LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the mPFC. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the mPFC by LIMKi 3 infusions notably prevented the pro-depressant effects of CUMS, CRS, and CSDS in mice.

Conclusions
In summary, these results suggest that LIMK1/2 in the mPFC has a role in chronic stress-induced depressive-like effects in mice and could be a novel pharmacological target for developing antidepressants.
Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: Simplifying the Simple and Optimizing the Difficult
Authors: Falade-Nwulia Oluwaseun , Sulkowski Mark S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The availability of safe, efficacious, oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have ushered in a new era of hepatitis C treatment with potential to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat. To achieve population-level effectiveness of these oral DAAs, hepatitis C treatment by a wide range of providers in different settings will be essential to increase the number of persons treated. We provide a clinical review of hepatitis C treatment with a focus on practical tools for management of hepatitis C in majority of currently infected individuals who can be easily cured and optimization of treatment for those in whom treatment may not be as simple.
Community and health system factors associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation among men and women in Malawi: a mixed methods study exploring gender-specific barriers to care
Authors: Phiri Khumbo , McBride Kaitlyn , Moucheraud Corrina , Mphande Misheck , Balakasi Kelvin , Lungu Eric , Kalande Pericles , Hoffman Risa M , Dovel Kathryn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough community and health system factors are known to be critical to timely antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, little is known about how they affect men and women.MethodsWe examined community- and health system-level factors associated with ART initiation in Malawi and whether associations differ by gender; 312 ART initiates and 108 non-initiates completed a survey; a subset of 30 individuals completed an indepth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, with separate models by gender. Qualitative data were analyzed through constant comparison methods.ResultsAmong women, no community-level characteristics were associated with ART initiation in multivariable models; among men, receiving social support for HIV services (adjusted OR [AOR]=4.61; p&lt;0.05) was associated with ART initiation. Two health system factors were associated with ART initiation among men and one for women: trust that accessing ART services would not lead to unwanted disclosure (women: AOR=4.51, p&lt;0.01; men: AOR=1.71, p&lt;0.01) and trust that clients were not turned away from ART services (men: 12.36, p=0.001).ConclusionsQualitative data indicate that men were concerned about unwanted disclosure due to engaging in ART services and long waiting times for services. Interventions to remove health system barriers to ART services should be explored to promote social support among men.
The Effects of Temperature on the Kinematics of Rattlesnake Predatory Strikes in Both Captive and Field Environments
Authors: Whitford M D , Freymiller G A , Higham T E , Clark R W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe outcomes of predator–prey interactions between endotherms and ectotherms can be heavily influenced by environmental temperature, owing to the difference in how body temperature affects locomotor performance. However, as elastic energy storage mechanisms can allow ectotherms to maintain high levels of performance at cooler body temperatures, detailed analyses of kinematics are necessary to fully understand how changes in temperature might alter endotherm–ectotherm predator–prey interactions. Viperid snakes are widely distributed ectothermic mesopredators that interact with endotherms both as predator and prey. Although there are numerous studies on the kinematics of viper strikes, surprisingly few have analyzed how this rapid movement is affected by temperature. Here we studied the effects of temperature on the predatory strike performance of rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.), abundant new world vipers, using both field and captive experimental contexts. We found that the effects of temperature on predatory strike performance are limited, with warmer snakes achieving slightly higher maximum strike acceleration, but similar maximum velocity. Our results suggest that, unlike defensive strikes to predators, rattlesnakes may not attempt to maximize strike speed when attacking prey, and thus the outcomes of predatory strikes may not be heavily influenced by changes in temperature.
Telemedicine and healthcare disparities: a cohort study in a large healthcare system in New York City during COVID-19
Authors: Chunara Rumi , Zhao Yuan , Chen Ji , Lawrence Katharine , Testa Paul A , Nov Oded , Mann Devin M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine became a necessary entry point into the process of diagnosis, triage, and treatment. Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare have been well documented in COVID-19 with respect to risk of infection and in-hospital outcomes once admitted, and here we assess disparities in those who access healthcare via telemedicine for COVID-19.

Materials and Methods
Electronic health record data of patients at New York University Langone Health between March 19th and April 30, 2020 were used to conduct descriptive and multilevel regression analyses with respect to visit type (telemedicine or in-person), suspected COVID diagnosis, and COVID test results.

Results
Controlling for individual and community-level attributes, Black patients had 0.6 times the adjusted odds (95% CI: 0.58–0.63) of accessing care through telemedicine compared to white patients, though they are increasingly accessing telemedicine for urgent care, driven by a younger and female population. COVID diagnoses were significantly more likely for Black versus white telemedicine patients.

Discussion
There are disparities for Black patients accessing telemedicine, however increased uptake by young, female Black patients. Mean income and decreased mean household size of a zip code were also significantly related to telemedicine use.

Conclusion
Telemedicine access disparities reflect those in in-person healthcare access. Roots of disparate use are complex and reflect individual, community, and structural factors, including their intersection—many of which are due to systemic racism. Evidence regarding disparities that manifest through telemedicine can be used to inform tool design and systemic efforts to promote digital health equity.
Assessing Hair Decontamination Protocols for Diazepam, Heroin, Cocaine and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by Statistical Design of Experiments
Authors: Aijala Jennett Chenevert , Wu Wensong , DeCaprio Anthony P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prior to toxicological analysis, hair as a matrix requires pre-treatment measures including decontamination, homogenization and extraction. Decontamination is performed to differentiate between drug present from superficial deposition and drug incorporated from systemic distribution following ingestion. There are many methods for decontamination of hair samples, mostly developed by empirically using a traditional “one factor at a time” approach, in which one independent variable at a time is changed to observe the effect on the dependent variable. The goal of the present work was to compare the efficacy of decontamination protocols using statistical “design of experiments” (DoE), which allows for analysis of multiple variables and interactions within a single experiment. Decontamination parameters included identity of aqueous and organic wash solutions, number of sequential aqueous and organic washes, order of aqueous and organic washes, and duration of each wash. DoE studies were completed to identify optimal decontamination conditions for four abused drugs with varying physiochemical properties. For this purpose, drug-free human hair was externally contaminated with diazepam, heroin, cocaine or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Each analyte was found to have a unique set of decontamination conditions that were most effective. These included three 30-min washes with methanol followed by three with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfide for diazepam, three 30-s washes with dichloromethane followed by one with water for heroin, one 30-s wash with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by three with dichloromethane for cocaine and three 30-min washes with water followed by one with methanol for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The results provide proof-of-principle for a DoE approach to identify effective parameters for hair decontamination for a physicochemically diverse group of drugs. The major advantage of DoE is to elucidate combinations of parameters that result in effective removal of surface contamination, a goal that would be challenging to accomplish using a one factor at a time approach.
Recent advances in small-angle electron diffraction and Lorentz microscopy
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Nakajima Hiroshi , Kotani Atsuhiro , Harada Ken 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We describe small-angle electron diffraction (SmAED) and Lorentz microscopy using a conventional transmission electron microscope. In SmAED, electron diffraction patterns with a wide-angular range on the order of 1 × 10−2 rad to 1 × 10−7 rad can be obtained. It is demonstrated that magnetic information of nanoscale magnetic microstructures can be obtained by Fresnel imaging, Foucault imaging and SmAED. In particular, we report magnetic microstructures associated with magnetic stripes and magnetic skyrmions revealed by Lorentz microscopy with SmAED. SmAED can be applied to the analysis of microstructures in functional materials such as dielectric, ferromagnetic and multiferroic materials.