bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified Method for Determining Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Phthalates,and Hexachlorocyclohexanes in Air
Authors: Stein Vincent B , Amin Thakor A , Narang Rajinder Singh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simplified method for determining polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates, and benzene hexachlorides (BHCs) in air has been developed. Florisil is used as the adsorbent, and compounds are elated by liquid chromatography with 10% 2-propanol in hexane. PCBs are separated from phthalates plus BHCs on a cyanopropyl column with a gradient containing 10% 2-propanol in hexane and 100% hexane as the mobile phase. Two fractions are collected: one contains PCBs and the other contains phthalates plus BHCs, which ve then determined by gas chromatography using a 63Ni electroncapture detector and a DB-5-bonded, fused-silica capillary column.
Pesticide Residues in Lake Albufera, Valencia, Spain
Authors: Carrasco Jose M , Planta Milagros , Gomez-Casals Vicente , Moragues Vicente 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Analysis of water samples from the lake in Albufera, Valencia, indicates that the pesticides molinate, benthiocarb, and fenitrothion do not reach levels that are lethal to fish.
Microwave Oven Drying Method for Total Solids Determination in Tomatoes:Collaborative Survey
Authors: Wang Samuel L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A survey was conducted among 8 laboratories in Ontario to check the reproducibility and accuracy of their microwave solids analyzers for total solids determination in tomatoes, using the official AOAC microwave oven drying method. This study showed that the reliability of the AOAC method was closely related to the performance of the microwave solids analyzer for tomato samples. Certification of microwave solids analyzers was recommended to assure the validity of analytical results by the AOAC method.
Titrimetric Determination of Iodine-Bromine Numbers of Some Edible Oils Using Three N-Chloroimides
Authors: Jayasree Narayanan , Indrasenan Parameswaran 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three simple titrimetric methods have been developed to determine iodine-bromine numbers of some edible oils, such as coconut, gingelly, groundnut, mustard, olive, palm olein, and sunflower, using 3 N-chloroimides. The 3 N-chloroimides are N-chlorophthalimide, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-chlorosaccharin, all of which have recently been developed as potential oxidimetric titrants for use in aqueous acetic acid medium. The proposed excess back-titration methods have advantages over existing methods in terms of ease of extraction into aqueous acetic acid layer, shorter reaction time of NCSA method, and stability of N-chloroimides in solid state.
Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Assay of Carbamazepine, 10,11-Dihydrocarbamazepine,
and Related Compounds in Carbamazepine Drug Substance and Tablets
Authors: Cyr Terry D , Matsui Fumiko , Sears Roger W , Curran Norman M , Lovering Edward G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods have been developed for the determination of carbamazepine, the impurity 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine, and related compounds in carbamazepine drug substance and tablets. The LC methods specify a 5 jxm diol column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-0.05% aqueous acetic acid (5 + 5 + 90). Iminodibenzyl and iminostilbene, starting materials for some routes of synthesis, elute late in the LC system; therefore, a thinlayer chromatographic method for their detection at the 0.05% level has been developed. Eight tablet and 13 raw material samples from several sources were examined. The impurities most frequently found were 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and a compound identified as 10- bromocarbamazepine at levels up to 1.3 and 0.5%, respectively; minimum detectable amounts were about 0.01 and 0.03%, respectively.
Pesticide Confirmation by Triple Stage Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry:
Etrimfos and Dimethoate
Authors: Cairns Thomas , Siegmund Emil G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The production of a protonated molecular ion, MH+, for a pesticide under investigation is often preferred for primary identification purposes. However, the lack of fragment ions under such chemical ionization conditions can place the burden of proof on a single ion species for confirmation. Although a single ion representing the molecule at the correct retention time on a packed column or high-resolution capillary column might seem to have furnished sufficient evidence for unambiguous confirmation, in a number of cases additional specificity can improve the analytical result. With the introduction into commerce of triple stage quadrupole (TSQ) instruments, the possibility of improving the degree of specificity by chemical ionization has emerged for practical pesticide residue confirmation analysis. Use of collision-activated dissociation (CAD) experiments to form daughter ions from the protonated molecular ion of 2 representative organophosphorus pesticides has provided a second dimensional plane of characterization for confirmatory purposes at incurred residue levels
Pentafluorobenzylation Derivatization for Determination of Chlorinated Herbicide Acids
Authors: Gurka Donald F , Shore Fred L , Pan Shu-Teh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pentafluorobenzyl and methyl esterification methods for several common herbicide acids have been evaluated and compared. Gas chromatography,' electron capture instrumental detection limits for 2 of 7 pentafluorobenzyl esters were better than the corresponding methyl esters, and comparable for the other S herbicide esters. The linear dynamic concentration range was generally wider for the methyl esters. Gas chromatography of some pentafluorobenzyl derivatives was complicated by coelution of certain derivatives with each other and with byproducts of the derivatization reaction. The ruggednessoptimized pentafluorobenzylation procedure was subjected to linear dynamic range and detection limit studies. The choice between methyl or pentafluorobenzyl esters is contingent on the relative importance of detection limits and linear dynamic range
Determination of Naptalam and Its Metabolite in Foods, as 1-Naphthylamine, Using Liquid Chromatography with Oxidative Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Worobey Brian L , shields Brian J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method is described for the determination of the herbicide naptalam and its metabolite l-naphthylamine in several foods. The method is sensitive, selective, and extremely rapid compared with previously reported methods. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC/ECD) is used to determine l-naphthylamine produced from the metabolism or base hydrolysis of naptalam in asparagus, peaches, and cranberries. These foods were spiked with naptalam at 0.05 and 0.11 ppm and hydrolyzed with 30% NaOH with concomitant distillation of l-naphthylamine. Aliquots of the distillate were injected onto a reverse-phase PRP-1 LC column for separation of l-naphthylamine from coextractives near the solvent front and detection at an applied potential of +0.83 V using an amperometric electrochemical detector in the oxidation mode. Recoveries ranged from 89% ± 2% to 97% ± 8% for all foods at both spiking levels. Accuracy of these recoveries was confirmed by use of "C-radioIabeled naptalam and radioassay by liquid scintillation spectrometry of the "C-l-naphthylamine released.
Titrimetric Determination of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Intravenous Fat Emulsions
Authors: Cyr Terry D , Lawrence Robert C , Lovering Edward G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A titrimetric method, suitable for use at a limit of 5 mEq/L, has been developed for the determination of total noncsterified fatty acids in intravenous fat emulsion preparations. The method differentiates titrant consumed by the nonesterified fatty acids from that consumed by egg yolk phospholipids, usually present as an emulsifying agent. The total nonesterified fatty acids in 8 products from 4 manufacturers were in the range from 0.4 to 3.8 mEq/L. The mean standard deviation of the method is 0.09 mEq/L.
Synthesis, Identification, and Acute Toxicity of Some 7V-AlkyI Derivatives of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Authors: Noggle F Taylor , Deruiter Jack , Coker Samuel T , Clark Randall C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A series of iV-alkyl derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) was prepared in an effort to characterize these potential drugs of abuse. These secondary amines were synthesized via reductive amination of the corresponding ketone with alkylamines. The ultraviolet absorption spectra for these compounds produced almost equally intense absorbance at 234 and 285 nm. The compounds were separated by liquid chromatography using reverse phase (c18) procedures with a ternary mobile phase mixture. Toxicity studies showed all of the compounds to have LDM values similar to A'-methyl MDA (MDMA).
Extraction of Light Filth from Whole Leaves of Alfalfa, Lemon Balm, Papaya, and Spearmint: Collaborative Study
Authors: Nakashima Marvin J , Glaze Larry E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Results are reported for a collaborative study to extend AOAC method 44.A06-44.A08 to extraction of light filth from whole leaves of alfalfa, lemon balm, papaya, and spearmint. A 5 g (spearmint) or 10 g (alfalfa, lemon balm, papaya) test portion is defatted with isopropanol in a simple reflux apparatus. Rat hairs, insect fragments, and whole insects are isolated by wet sieving on a No. 230 sieve, a deaerating boil in 40% isopropanol, and flotation with mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15) from Tween 80-Na„EDTA (1 + 1) and 40% isopropanol in a Wildman trap flask. Each product was spiked at a different level. For rat hairs, recoveries averaged 82.2% from alfalfa, 88.9% from lemon balm, 80.6% from papaya, and 79.6% from spearmint. Recoveries of whole or equivalent insects from these products averaged 66.1, 218.8, 69.4, and 85.4%, respectively; recoveries of insect fragments from these products averaged 89.6, 94.4, 94.1, and 88.1%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action for extraction of light filth from whole leaves of alfalfa, papaya, and spearmint. The extension of the method to lemon balm was not recommended because of interferences by intrinsic whole insects, which were the same species as the spike material.
Lensless Fourier transform electron holography applied to vortex beam analysis
Authors: Harada Ken , Ono Yoshimasa A , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Lensless Fourier transform holography has been developed. By treating Bragg diffraction waves as object waves and a transmitted spherical wave as a reference wave, these two waves are interfered and recorded as holograms away from the reciprocal plane. In this method, reconstruction of holograms requires only one Fourier transform. Application of this method to analyze vortex beams worked well and their amplitude and phase distributions were obtained on the reciprocal plane. By combining the conventional holography with the developed lensless Fourier transform holography, we can reconstruct and analyze electron waves from the real to reciprocal space continuously.
The Contribution of Germline Predisposition Gene Mutations to Clinical Subtypes of Invasive Breast Cancer From a Clinical Genetic Testing Cohort
Authors: Hu Chunling , Polley Eric C , Yadav Siddhartha , Lilyquist Jenna , Shimelis Hermela , Na Jie , Hart Steven N , Goldgar David E , Shah Swati , Pesaran Tina , Dolinsky Jill S , LaDuca Holly , Couch Fergus J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The germline cancer predisposition genes associated with increased risk of each clinical subtype of breast cancer, defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2, are not well defined.

Methods
A total of 54 555 invasive breast cancer patients with 56 480 breast tumors were subjected to clinical hereditary cancer multigene panel testing. Heterogeneity for predisposition genes across clinical breast cancer subtypes was assessed by comparing mutation frequencies by gene among tumor subtypes and by association studies between each tumor subtype and reference controls.

Results
Mutations in 15 cancer predisposition genes were detected in 8.6% of patients with ER+/HER2-; 8.9% with ER+/HER2+; 7.7% with ER-/HER2+; and 14.4% of ER-/PR-/HER2- tumors. BRCA1, BRCA2, BARD1, and PALB2 mutations were enriched in ER- and HER2- tumors; RAD51C and RAD51D mutations were enriched in ER- tumors only; TP53 mutations were enriched in HER2+ tumors, and ATM and CHEK2 mutations were enriched in both ER+ and/or HER2+ tumors. All genes were associated with moderate (odds ratio &gt; 2.00) or strong (odds ratio &gt; 5.00) risks of at least one subtype of breast cancer in case-control analyses. Mutations in ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53 had predicted lifetime absolute risks of at least 20.0% for breast cancer.

Conclusions
Germline mutations in hereditary cancer panel genes confer subtype-specific risks of breast cancer. Combined tumor subtype, age at breast cancer diagnosis, and family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer information provides refined categorical estimates of mutation prevalence for women considering genetic testing.
Novel routes towards bioplastics from plants: elucidation of the methylperillate biosynthesis pathway from Salvia dorisiana trichomes
Authors: Jongedijk Esmer , Müller Sebastian , van Dijk Aalt D J , Schijlen Elio , Champagne Antoine , Boutry Marc , Levisson Mark , van der Krol Sander , Bouwmeester Harro , Beekwilder Jules 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of highly functionalized terpenoids. Functional groups such as partially unsaturated rings and carboxyl groups provide handles to use these compounds as feedstock for biobased commodity chemicals. For instance, methylperillate, a monoterpenoid found in Salvia dorisiana, may be used for this purpose, as it carries both an unsaturated ring and a methylated carboxyl group. The biosynthetic pathway of methylperillate in plants is still unclear. In this work, we identified glandular trichomes from S. dorisiana as the location of biosynthesis and storage of methylperillate. mRNA from purified trichomes was used to identify four genes that can encode the pathway from geranyl diphosphate towards methylperillate. This pathway includes a (–)-limonene synthase (SdLS), a limonene 7-hydroxylase (SdL7H, CYP71A76), and a perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SdPOHDH). We also identified a terpene acid methyltransferase, perillic acid O-methyltransferase (SdPAOMT), with homology to salicylic acid OMTs. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of these four genes, in combination with a geranyl diphosphate synthase to boost precursor formation, resulted in production of methylperillate. This demonstrates the potential of these enzymes for metabolic engineering of a feedstock for biobased commodity chemicals.
A comparison between short GRB afterglows and kilonova AT2017gfo: shedding light on kilonovae properties
Authors: Rossi A , Stratta G , Maiorano E , Spighi D , Masetti N , Palazzi E , Gardini A , Melandri A , Nicastro L , Pian E , Branchesi M , Dadina M , Testa V , Brocato E , Benetti S , Ciolfi R , Covino S , D’Elia V , Grado A , Izzo L , Perego A , Piranomonte S , Salvaterra R , Selsing J , Tomasella L , Yang S , Vergani D , Amati L , Stephen J B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Multimessenger astronomy received a great boost following the discovery of kilonova (KN) AT2017gfo, the optical counterpart of the gravitational wave source GW170817 associated with the short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A. AT2017gfo was the first KN that could be extensively monitored in time using both photometry and spectroscopy. Previously, only few candidates have been observed against the glare of short GRB afterglows. In this work, we aim to search the fingerprints of AT2017gfo-like KN emissions in the optical/NIR light curves of 39 short GRBs with known redshift. For the first time, our results allow us to study separately the range of luminosity of the blue and red components of AT2017gfo-like kilonovae in short GRBs. In particular, the red component is similar in luminosity to AT2017gfo, while the blue KN can be more than 10 times brighter. Finally, we exclude a KN as luminous as AT2017gfo in GRBs 050509B and 061201.
Assessing non-linear models for galaxy clustering – II. Model validation and forecasts for Stage IV surveys
Authors: Bose Benjamin , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Markovič Katarina , Beutler Florian 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate modelling of non-linear scales in galaxy clustering will be crucial for data analysis of Stage IV galaxy surveys. A selection of competing non-linear models must be made based on validation studies. We provide a comprehensive set of forecasts of two different models for the halo redshift space power spectrum, namely the commonly applied TNS model and an effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS) inspired model. Using simulation data and a least-χ2 analysis, we determine ranges of validity for the models. We then conduct an exploratory Fisher analysis using the full anisotropic power spectrum to investigate parameter degeneracies. We proceed to perform an MCMC analysis utilizing the monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecapole spectra, with a restricted range of scales for the latter in order to avoid biasing our growth rate, f, constraint. We find that the TNS model with a Lorentzian damping and standard Eulerian perturbative modelling outperforms other variants of the TNS model. Our MCMC analysis finds that the EFTofLSS-based model may provide tighter marginalized constraints on f at z = 0.5 and z = 1 than the TNS model, despite having additional nuisance parameters. However this depends on the range of scales used as well as the fiducial values and priors on the EFT nuisance parameters. Finally, we extend previous work to provide a consistent comparison between the Fisher matrix and MCMC forecasts using the multipole expansion formalism, and find good agreement between them.
Faint rapid red transients from neutron star–CO white dwarf mergers
Authors: Zenati Yossef , Bobrick Alexey , Perets Hagai B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Mergers of neutron stars (NS) and white dwarfs (WD) may give rise to observable explosive transient events. We use 3D hydrodynamical (smoothed particle hydrodynamics – SPH) simulations and 2D hydrodynamical–thermonuclear simulations (using the flash adaptive mesh refinement code) to model the disruption of CO-WDs by NSs, which produce faint transient events. We post-process the simulations using a large nuclear network and make use of the SuperNu radiation transfer code to predict the observational signatures and detailed properties of these transients. We calculate the light curves and spectra for five models of NS–CO-WD mergers. The small yields of 56Ni (few $\times 10^{-3}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$) result in faint, rapidly evolving reddened transients (RRTs) with B(R) peak magnitudes of at most ∼−12 (−13) to ∼−13 (−15), much shorter and fainter than both regular and faint/peculiar Type Ia supernovae. These transients are likely to be accompanied by several months long, 1–2 mag dimmer red/infrared afterglows. We show that the spectra of RRTs share some similarities with rapidly evolving transients such as SN 2010X, although RRTs are significantly fainter, especially in the I/R bands, and show far stronger Si lines. We estimate that the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope could detect RRTs at a rate of up to ∼10–70 yr−1 through observations in the R/I bands. The qualitative agreement between the SPH and flash approaches supports the earlier hydrodynamical studies of these systems.
Hierarchical chromatin organization detected by TADpole
Authors: Soler-Vila Paula , Cuscó Pol , Farabella Irene , Di Stefano Marco , Marti-Renom Marc A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C-based techniques), as well as imaging together with bioinformatics analyses, has been fundamental for unveiling that chromosomes are organized into the so-called topologically associating domains or TADs. While TADs appear as nested patterns in the 3C-based interaction matrices, the vast majority of available TAD callers are based on the hypothesis that TADs are individual and unrelated chromatin structures. Here we introduce TADpole, a computational tool designed to identify and analyze the entire hierarchy of TADs in intra-chromosomal interaction matrices. TADpole combines principal component analysis and constrained hierarchical clustering to provide a set of significant hierarchical chromatin levels in a genomic region of interest. TADpole is robust to data resolution, normalization strategy and sequencing depth. Domain borders defined by TADpole are enriched in main architectural proteins (CTCF and cohesin complex subunits) and in the histone mark H3K4me3, while their domain bodies, depending on their activation-state, are enriched in either H3K36me3 or H3K27me3, highlighting that TADpole is able to distinguish functional TAD units. Additionally, we demonstrate that TADpole's hierarchical annotation, together with the new DiffT score, allows for detecting significant topological differences on Capture Hi-C maps between wild-type and genetically engineered mouse.
The critical function of the plastid rRNA methyltransferase, CMAL, in ribosome biogenesis and plant development
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Mu Ying , Chai Xin , Ouyang Min , Yu Long-Jiang , Zhang Lixin , Meurer Jörg , Chi Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethylation of nucleotides in ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) is a ubiquitous feature that occurs in all living organisms. The formation of methylated nucleotides is performed by a variety of RNA-methyltransferases. Chloroplasts of plant cells result from an endosymbiotic event and possess their own genome and ribosomes. However, enzymes responsible for rRNA methylation and the function of modified nucleotides in chloroplasts remain to be determined. Here, we identified an rRNA methyltransferase, CMAL (Chloroplast MraW-Like), in the Arabidopsis chloroplast and investigated its function. CMAL is the Arabidopsis ortholog of bacterial MraW/ RsmH proteins and accounts to the N4-methylation of C1352 in chloroplast 16S rRNA, indicating that CMAL orthologs and this methyl-modification nucleotide is conserved between bacteria and the endosymbiont-derived eukaryotic organelle. The knockout of CMAL in Arabidopsis impairs the chloroplast ribosome accumulation and accordingly reduced the efficiency of mRNA translation. Interestingly, the loss of CMAL leads not only to defects in chloroplast function, but also to abnormal leaf and root development and overall plant morphology. Further investigation showed that CMAL is involved in the plant development probably by modulating auxin derived signaling pathways. This study uncovered the important role of 16S rRNA methylation mediated by CMAL in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and plant development.
Vote Choice and the Nonseparability of Economic and Social Issues
Authors: Stoetzer Lukas F , Zittlau Steffen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow voters use political issues to elect political candidates is of central importance to our understanding of democratic representation. Research on voting behavior often assumes that American voters hold distinct economic and cultural issue preferences. In this research note, we point out that this does not necessarily imply that preferences for candidates’ positions on the two issue dimensions are also additively separable in voters’ decisions. Analyzing survey data on US presidential elections from 1996 to 2016, we estimate to what extent voters’ economic and socio-cultural preferences are nonseparable and find that the two general dimensions act as substitutes in their decisions. Our finding implies that voting decisions are partially structured by an underlying single dimension, as liberal deviations from a voter’s ideal point on social issues can be compensated by conservative deviations on economic issues.