bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF CANCER STEM CELL MARKER OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4 IN HIGH-GRADE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: MUROOJ JASSIM MOHAMMED  , BASIM SHEHAB AHMED  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide an outlook of urothelial carcinoma through the immunohistochemical expression patterns of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in high-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.
Methods: A total number of 60 tissue samples were collected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the pathological diagnosis of the bladder tissue, Group A: 30 cases with high-grade TCC of the bladder and Group B: 30 cases with apparently normal bladder tissue. Tissue immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the expression patterns of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers OCT4 in bladder samples.
Results: OCT4 was positive in 80% of specimens of Group A and 3.3% in specimens of Group B. The association between OCT4 marker result and certain histopathological features in high-grade group: Positive OCT4 result was found in patients with inflammation and necrosis (90.9%) with a significant association (p=0.013). Regarding muscular invasion, we noticed that 87.5% of patients with muscular invasion showed positive OCT4 marker result with a significant association (p=0.039) between OCT4 marker result and muscular invasion. As well, OCT4 marker was highly sensitive and specific (sensitivity=66.7%, specificity=96.7%, and accuracy=76.7%).
Conclusion: There was a significant expression of CSC OCT4 in high-grade TCC, OCT4 can be considered as a key regulator of tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and metastasis.
THE THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXCIPIENTS ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EMULGEL BIOPHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors: NATALIA B DEMINA  , ELENA O BAKHRUSHINA  , IVAN I KRASNYUK  , MIKHAIL B KORNEEV  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Boswellia serrata dry extract (BSDE) has clinically proved its anti-inflammatory, anti-gout, and analgesic effect. In the course of this study, compositions and technologies of the emulgels, containing dry Boswellia extract, were developed.
Materials and Methods: Rheological characteristics of gels were determined with rotational viscosity method using coaxial rotation viscometer Lamy Rheology RM 200. The stickiness was determined using a lever mechanism which separates two preprocessed glass plates of the same area from each other. Spreadability was determined with a weighted amount of gel placed on a glass plate (10 cm × 10 cm), covered with a cover glass of the same size and a 100 g measuring plane placed on top of it.
Results: The composition containing 20% of turpentine oil was shown to have the highest yield strength, which can positively affect the aggregative stability of the dosage form. The spreadability of all samples lies within the average value of the spreadability of the commercial gels. The stickiness of all samples was determined to be in the range from 3.6 to 4.9 N. The composition containing turpentine oil showed maximum stickiness after application and its minimum decrease by 5 min.
Conclusion: The advantages of the composition including turpentine oil as a solvent for BSDE were experimentally established.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS
Authors: AFTAB ALAM  , RITA SINGH MAJUMDAR  , PRAVEJ ALAM  
Published: October 2019

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars.
Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method.
Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance.
Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.
STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROTEIN OXIDATION MARKERS AND ADIPOKINES IN OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: SUKHPAL SINGH  , AMITA MAHAJAN  , JASPREET KAUR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study was done to explore the correlation if any, between obesity markers adiponectin, leptin, and protein oxidative stress (OS) status in obese with and without type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: In the present study, 30 healthy subjects, 30 obese non-diabetics, and 30 obese T2DM patients were enrolled. Protein OS parameters such as advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPPs) and protein carbonyl (PC) were estimated. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: The AOPP, PC, leptin, leptin adiponectin ratio (LAR), insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly higher in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM as compared to healthy control (p<0.001). However, serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM as compared to control (p<0.001). HOMA-IR and LAR both the index of IR were increased in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM. Positive correlations were observed for AOPP with body mass index, PC in obese non-diabetic and with fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and PC in obese T2DM. A negative correlation was found between PC and adiponectin in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between leptin and adiponectin in obese T2DM only.
Conclusion: The present study suggested that increased protein OS, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia may lead to hypoadiponectinemia in obese with and without T2DM. Moreover, determination of protein oxidation markers can be useful for monitoring the dysregulation of adipokines and glucose metabolism in obesity and T2DM.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MIMUSOPS ELENGI L. LEAVES
Authors: VINEETA SINGH  , PANDEY VN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The motive of the current study was to find out the total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging (FRS) activity of various solvent extracts of leaves.
Methods: Leaves powder was subjected to extraction with different solvents, namely methanol, methanol 80%, ethanol, ethanol 80%, chloroform, acetone, aqueous, and ethyl acetate. Different concentrations of extracts were evaluated for FRS activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and TPC spectrophotometrically by Folin–Ciocalteu method.
Results: The results clearly indicate that inhibition concentration of DPPH by leaf extracts was higher in methanol (inhibitory concentration 50=8.74) followed by ethanol >ethanol 80% >methanol 80% > acetone > aqueous > chloroform > ethyl acetate. TPC was higher in methanol (6.2±0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) followed by ethanol > methanol 80% > acetone > aqueous >ethyl acetate > ethanol 80% > chloroform. A significant correlation (y=0.6265x +42.91 R2=0.9756) exists between TPC and FRS activity of methanolic extract.
Conclusion: The finding revealed that methanolic extract of leaves contains a significant amount of FRS activity and phenolic compounds compared to other extracts.
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS OF HUMAN ORIGIN FOR POSSIBLE PROBIOTIC USE
Authors: ASHLESHA BHAGWAT  , NANDANWAR Y S  , RAHUL WARKE  , UDAY S ANNAPURE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The human vagina and gut are known to harbor a wide range of bacteria. Some useful bacteria maintain the vaginal pH around 3–4.5. This acidity of the vagina helps to inhibit pathogenic organisms that cause urogenital infections. The present study involved screening of previously identified Enterococcus strains of human origin for their probiotic physiological properties.
Materials and Methods: The strains were screened for their biofilm, antibiofilm, antagonistic, antibiotic resistance, adherence, aggregating, and hydrogen peroxide production abilities.
Results: Enterococcus canintestini S26B, Entamoeba dispar S27A, E. dispar S26A, E. dispar S20B, E. canintestini AB2, Enterococcus villorum SB2, and Enterococcus rivorum S22C displayed in vitro probiotic properties.
Conclusions: These strains can be used as probiotic candidates and may prove their potential in human or animal feed only after further clinical studies.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR SODIUM SOLID DISPERSIONS AND FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS USING POLOXAMER-188 AND JACK FRUIT SEED STARCH AS EXCIPIENTS
Authors: SUNDEEP MUPPARAJU  , VIDYADHARA SURYADEVARA  , SAILAJA YALLAM  , SANDEEP DOPPALAPUDI  , SASIDHAR REDDYVALLAM LC  , RAMU ANNE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The current work mainly focuses on solubility enhancement of dolutegravir which is a biopharmaceutical classification system Class-II drug using jack fruit seed starch (JFS2) as excipient which improves the drug release.
Materials and Methods: Starches were extracted using aqueous and alkali methods (sodium hydroxide at 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% concentrations) from jack fruit seed powder. These starches were evaluated for phytochemical and physicochemical parameters. Fast dissolving tablets were prepared using dolutegravir sodium solid dispersion, JFS2, and croscarmellose sodium (CCS) in various concentrations using wet granulation technique. Various pre- and post-compression parameters were evaluated along with in vitro drug release studies; characterization studies such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and stability studies.
Results: Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of only starch in all extracts. Starch prepared from 0.1% sodium hydroxide (JFS2) showed best physicochemical properties. From in vitro dissolution studies, it was observed that solid dispersion formulation DF3 containing dolutegravir sodium and poloxamer-188 in 1:1.5 ratios showed a better dissolution rate. From in vitro dissolution studies, tablet formulations DFT6 and DFT9 containing 12.5% w/w of JFS2 and 12.5% w/w of CCS showed enhanced dissolution rate compared with other formulations. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there were no major interactions between drug and excipients. XRD studies revealed the nature of formulations. Accelerated stability studies showed that all tablets were stable.
Conclusion: The tablets prepared using jack fruit starch seed starch revealed the superdisintegrant property of starch.
ISOLATION AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FROM LINDERNIA CRUSTACEA (L) F. MUELL
Authors: SMRITI REKHA CHANDA DAS  , ABDUL BAQUEE AHMED  , DIBYENDU SHIL  , INDRANIL CHANDA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the antioxidant property of different extracts of Lindernia crustacea (L) F. Muell and isolate flavonoid from the potent extract and characterize it.
Methods: Isolation was carried out by flash chromatography using Toluene:acetic acid (4:1) as eluent. The isolated compound was characterized using spectroscopic methods. 2, 2′- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric thiocyanate, thiobarbituric acid, and reducing power assay methods were followed for the antioxidant study.
Results: Characterization of the isolated compound confirms it as the flavonoid. Results of the antioxidant study showed that benzene extract has the highest antioxidant activity with a less IC50 value in comparison to ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. The isolated compound showed significant antioxidant activity when compared with aspirin.
Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that L. crustacea (L) F. Muell is a source of flavonoid which has potent antioxidant activity.
FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PEGYLATED GLYCERIDE LABRASOL® NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER COMPOSITES OF METHOTREXATE: THE PATHWAY TO EFFECTIVE CANCER THERAPY
Authors: RADHARANI PANDA  , KETOUSETUO KUOTSU  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the current study is to optimize and evaluate the potential of polyethylene glycolylated (PEG) glyceride Labrasol® nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) composites of methotrexate (MTX) to achieve enhanced sustained release delivery in cancer treatment.
Materials and Methods: MTX-NLC was successfully prepared by hot melt emulsification and probe sonication method for spatial and controlled release of this therapeutic agent.
Results: The solubility screening of MTX and lipids resulted in the selection of Monostearin as solid lipid, PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® and olive oil as liquid lipids for the formulation of MTX-loaded NLC composites. Particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of both the composites were confirmed using dynamic light scattering, whereby Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed high entrapment efficiency and drug loading. A spherical particle shape with smooth surface of all the composites was confirmed from the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed remarkably increased cytotoxic response, augmented cellular uptake, and low half maximal inhibitory concentration value in MCF-7 cells. In vitro release study confirmed that encapsulation of MTX in PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC resulted in enhanced sustained release of MTX for a period of 48 h.
Conclusion: The present study establishes that PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC can be considered as a promising anticancer delivery system, thereby improving antitumor efficacy of the drug.
EFFECT OF INTRATHECAL HEAVY BUPIVACAINE WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND INTRATHECAL HEAVY BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL IN LOWER ABDOMINAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERIES
Authors: SURESH MALLA  , PRANJAL SINGH GUPTA  , DIVYA AGRAWAL  , RASMIREKHA BEHERA  , SANJAY KUMAR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Spinal or epidural anesthesia techniques provide the best method of anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Small doses of adjuvants administered spinally provide profoundly prolonged segmental analgesia with good post-operative pain relief. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (10 μg) versus fentanyl (25 μg) as an adjuvant added to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for patients undergoing lower abdominal and gynecological surgeries and assessment of duration of post-operative analgesia.
Methods: Hospital-based randomized double-blind controlled study conducted in tertiary teaching hospital of Kakinada and Rajahmundry. The period of study is February 2013–July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups of 25 each. In the first group, dexmedetomidine was added as adjuvant to bupivacaine whereas in the second group fentanyl was added as an adjuvant to bupivacaine. The visual analog scale used to assess the analgesic effect. Time at which the rescue analgesic given was noted which gives the duration of post-operative analgesia.
Results: Results were analyzed in both groups. The software used for statistical analysis was GraphPad for windows 10.0.5. Continuous variables were analyzed with student t-test and analysis of variance. Post-operative analgesia duration is significantly prolonged in the dexmedetomidine group with a mean 308.64±12.50 compared to fentanyl group where the mean is 253.12 min±14.30. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) between the two groups.
Conclusion: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine supplementation to spinal bupivacaine seems to be a good alternative to intrathecal fentanyl since it produces prolonged post-operative analgesia with minimal side effects and excellent quality of spinal analgesia.
IN VITRO GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINES (Huh7)
Authors: ANANTHALAKSHMI R  , XAVIER RAJARATHINAM SR  , Mohamed Sadiq A  , MOHAMED SADIQ A  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to access the anticancer activity of the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles against Huh7 liver cancer cell lines.
Methods: The study was carried in vitro using Huh7 cell lines. The ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Luffa acutangula peel extract and subjected to characterization by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Huh7 cell lines were treated with ZnO NPs and done 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For live and dead assay, the cell lines treated with ZnO NPs were subjected to acridine orange/ethidium (AO/ET) bromide assay.
Results: The ZnO NPs synthesized show spherical structure with 10–20 nm size. The 50% of Huh7 proliferation were inhibited at the concentration (IC50) of 40 μg/ml. The AO/ET assay shows compact nucleus and fine cytoplasmic morphology in control cells and apoptotic stage in treated cells
Conclusion: This study suggests that ZnO NPs can be prepared in environment-friendly method using aqueous extract of L. acutangula and can be used in cancer treatment effectively.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF AMINO ACID ESTER CONJUGATES OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR
Authors: Mehta CHABUKSWAR AR , PREETI M. GANDHI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Ester conjugates of HIV protease inhibitor, lopinavir (LP) with various amino acids were synthesized to improve its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile and consequently therapeutic potential.
Materials and Methods: Conjugates of LP with amino acids; glycine, alanine, valine, and serine were prepared by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide coupling method. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and evaluated for their solubility, partition coefficient, hydrolytic stability, cytotoxicity, and permeability through Caco-2 cells.
Results: Aqueous solubility studies indicated significantly better solubility profiles of all conjugates as compared to LP. With respect to hydrolysis, all the conjugates displayed higher stability under acidic conditions while undergo hydrolysis with rise in pH. Conjugates did not exhibit cytotoxicity for concentration as high as 100 μg/ml, which indicates promising therapeutic potential. Absorptive diffusion of drug across Caco-2 cell monolayers was improved by amino acid conjugation.
Conclusion: Amino acid ester conjugates of LP not only showed better solubility but also significantly higher permeability than LP. Thus, direct conjugation of L-amino acids is a viable approach to improve oral absorption and thereby oral bioavailability of protease inhibitors.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPAN 40 AND SPAN 60 BASED SOY-GELS FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: SHUBHAM MUKHERJEE  , DIPANJANA ASH  , GOPA ROY BISWAS  , SUTAPA BISWAS MAJEE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Hydrogels or emulgels are recommended for topical application to elicit a local effect. However, they suffer from stability problems. The present study deals with the formulation and comparison of thermally stable soybean oil-based novel topical organogels (soy-gels) using two different gelators (Span 40 and Span 60) for controlled drug delivery.
Methods: Soy-gels (8 batches) were developed with Span 40 and Span 60 by solid fiber mechanism and characterized for viscosity, gelation kinetics behavior, gel-sol transition parameters, drug content, in vitro drug release pattern, and changes occurring during accelerated thermal stability studies.
Results: Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic confirmed the compatibility among the organogel components and paracetamol. The formulations exhibited skin and hemocompatibility. The viscosity of Span 60 based soy-gels was found to be approximately 10 times higher than those of Span 40 based formulations. In comparison to Span 40, Span 60 induced faster gelation (3–6 min) of soybean oil at lower concentration (16% w/v) forming less flexible but thermally more stable soy-gels demonstrating higher Tg values. Higher flexibility and lower viscosity accounted for improved drug diffusion (both Fickian and non-Fickian) from Span 40 gels of varying concentrations in pH 5.8. However, zero-order drug release was observed in organogel with 18% w/v Span 40 only and all Span 60-based formulations except the one with 22% w/v Span 60. Non-Fickian drug diffusion occurred from Span 60 based soy-gels. A gradual increase in gelation time was observed until five cycles of freeze-thaw.
Conclusion: Therefore, the choice of organogelator governs the rheological, thermal, and drug diffusion properties of soy-gels intended for topical application.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF SEX-DETERMINING REGION Y-BOX 2 (SOX2) IN PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: HADEEL I MOHASEN  , BASIM SHEHAB AHMED  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of sex-determining region-Y BOX 2 (SOX2) markers and their association with clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to involve 90 specimens from patients diagnosed with prostatic cancer (PC) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) compared with positive control (human bronchial tissue for SOX2 marker) with each run.
Results: The highest proportion of specimens of PC was graded ≤7 by Gleason grading system (53.3%). There were significant associations (p<0.05) between all this cancer stem cell marker results and prevalence of PC. Positive SOX2 marker result was significantly associated with bad prognostic sign (81.3%, p=0.001). This marker was highly sensitive (100%) specificity (82.4%), with high accuracy (90%).
Conclusion: There was a significant expression of SOX2 in prostate adenocarcinomas. SOX2 can be considered as a key regulator of tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and metastasis. Furthermore, it is a reliable marker for the early diagnosis and the designed chemotherapy of prostate adenocarcinomas.