bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Located or Freestanding Multi‐Trauma Orthopedic Rehabilitation
Authors: Farr Babak , Olver John , Fedele Bianca , McKenzie Dean 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMulti‐trauma rehabilitation is delivered in a variety of hospital settings. However, it is unclear whether the proximity of rehabilitation to acute services has an effect on rehabilitation outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the primary outcomes of an inpatient multi‐trauma rehabilitation program (functional outcome and length of rehabilitation stay) are impacted when rehabilitation is delivered in a unit co‐located in an acute hospital compared with a unit located in a freestanding hospital. To also compare these outcomes at a national level using data provided by the Australasian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre (AROC).DesignObservational, retrospective audit study.SettingAn inpatient, orthopedic, multi‐trauma rehabilitation unit that re‐located from an acute co‐located facility to a freestanding facility.PatientsPatients following multi‐trauma injury admitted to the co‐located rehabilitation unit (n = 216) or after its relocation to the freestanding rehabilitation unit (n = 186).MethodsData were audited from the patients’ hospital medical records including demographics, injury characteristics, and rehabilitation outcome measures (Functional Independence Measure [FIM] and length of rehabilitation stay).Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome variables were motor FIM change (change in function between admission and discharge), FIM efficiency (functional gain per inpatient day), and length of rehabilitation stay.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two settings in terms of motor FIM change (adjusted for admission motor FIM score) and motor FIM efficiency. In general, there was no statistically significant difference in length of rehabilitation stay between settings (median: 26 vs 27 days). At a national level, the majority of facilities offering inpatient multi‐trauma rehabilitation are co‐located. Nationally, freestanding units resulted in a slightly greater motor FIM change (difference between median changes adjusted for baseline = −.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.5, −0.6, P = .0012).ConclusionsThere were no differences observed in outcomes between multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs in either setting. Optimizing the individual components of a rehabilitation program and improving staff skill sets should be a focus going forward.
Correlation of Bone Mineral Density with Pulmonary Function in Advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Lee Jang Woo , Cho Han Eol , Kang Seong‐Woong , Choi Won Ah , Suh Mi Ri , Kim Bitnarae 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundA relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function has been revealed in the general population and various diseases. However, there is a lack of research investigating the correlation between BMD and respiratory function, one of few measurable physical parameters in patients with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).ObjectiveTo determine whether pulmonary function parameters, including respiratory muscle strength, are related to BMD.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingA tertiary university hospital.PatientsDMD patients who were over 20 years of age, nonambulatory, and supported by mechanical ventilators.MethodsThe patients' age, weight, and pulmonary function as well as the BMD of the first and the fourth lumbar vertebra were assessed. Pulmonary function includes forced vital capacity (FVC), unassisted and assisted peak cough flow (UPCF and APCF), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).Main Outcome MeasuresA bivariate correlation for BMD and other pulmonary parameters was calculated, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine predictors of spine Z‐score.ResultsIt was observed that the decrease in the spine BMD was not significantly correlated with age. However, the body mass index (BMI) and all parameters of pulmonary function were correlated with BMD. Partial correlation analysis adjusted by BMI showed that UPCF and APCF were powerful predictors of spine BMD.ConclusionsThe BMD of the lumbar spine correlated with BMI and PCF in patients with DMD at an advanced stage.
Anisotropy of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg: threads and surface integrity
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Akmal Jan Sher , Laakso Sampsa V. A. , Niemi Esko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImplementing additive manufacturing in an industry, particularly for critical applications of lightweight aluminum (AlSi10Mg), requires part properties that are both accurate and precise to conform to the intent of a robust design. In this experimental study, the objective was to evaluate anisotropy in part properties (i.e., flatness, surface roughness, surface porosity, surface hardness, pre-hole shrinkage, drilling thrust force, and thread-stripping force) when the part orientation (i.e., print inclination and recoater angle) was independently changed. This study developed and investigated an innovative procedure for determining anisotropy in part properties. The part properties were evaluated by designing specific features on a tailor-made flat plate. The replicas of the aluminum plate were additively manufactured at varying orientations using two commercial EOS parameter sets for the laser-based powder bed fusion technique. Conventional measurement equipment was used to analyze all the part properties, except the thread-stripping force, which was measured using a custom-made setup. All the part properties indicated a considerable degree of anisotropy, excluding the drilling thrust force. The printing parameters dictate the significance of the anisotropy. The anisotropy in flatness and pre-hole shrinkage decreases with an increased substrate temperature and a decrease in energy input and thermal gradient. The presence of surface overlapping contours in the scan strategy and an increased energy input can reduce anisotropy in surface roughness and hardness. No significant anisotropy was detected when the recoater angle was changed. This study helps designers establish and substantiate design for additive manufacturing that is within the limits of appropriate anisotropy for a robust design.
Evaluation of the inflammatory markers CCL8, CXCL5, and LIF in patients with anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Klupp F. , Schuler S. , Kahlert C. , Halama N. , Franz C. , Mayer P. , Schmidt T. , Ulrich A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Anastomotic leakage constitutes a dreaded complication after colorectal surgery, leading to increased morbidity and mortality as well as prolonged hospitalization. Most leakages become clinically apparent about 8 days after surgery; however, early detection is quintessential to reduce complications and to improve patients’ outcome. We therefore investigated the significance of specific protein expression profiles as putative biomarkers, indicating anastomotic leakage.

Methods
In this single-center prospective cohort study serum and peritoneal fluid samples—from routinely intraoperatively inserted drainages—of colorectal cancer patients were collected 3 days after colorectal resection. Twenty patients without anastomotic leakage and 18 patients with an anastomotic leakage and without other complications were included. Protein expression of seven inflammatory markers in serum and peritoneal fluid was assessed by multiplex ELISA and correlated with patients’ clinical data.

Results
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (CCL8/MCP-2), leukemia-inhibiting factor (LIF), and epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating protein (CXCL5/ENA-78) were significantly elevated in peritoneal fluid but not in serum samples from patients subsequently developing anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. No expressional differences could be found between grade B and grade C anastomotic leakages.

Conclusion
Measurement 3 days after surgery revealed altered protein expression patterns of the inflammatory markers CCL8/MCP2, LIF, and CXCL5/ENA-78 in peritoneal fluid from patients developing anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. Further studies with a larger patient cohort with inclusion of different variables are needed to evaluate their potential as predictive biomarkers for anastomotic leakage.
Reproductive interference and sensitivity to female pheromones in males and females of two herbivorous mite species
Authors: Sato Yukie , Alba Juan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompetitive interaction between sister species can be affected by reproductive interference (RI) depending on the ability of males to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific mates. We study such interactions in Tetranychus evansi and T. urticae. These spider mites co-occur on solanaceous plants in Southern Europe, and cause important yield losses in tomato crops. Previous studies using Spanish populations found that T. evansi outcompetes T. urticae, and that this is due to unidirectional RI of T. evansi males with T. urticae females. The unidirectional RI is attributed to differences in male mate preference for conspecific females between the two species. Also, differences in the propensity of interspecific web sharing in females plays a role. To investigate proximate mechanisms of this RI, here we study the role of female pheromones on male mate preference and female web sharing. We extracted pheromones from females of the two species, and investigated if males and females were arrested by the pheromone extractions in various concentrations. We observed that T. urticae males were more sensitive to the pheromone extractions and able to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific ones. Tetranychus evansi males, on the other hand, were less sensitive. Females from both species were arrested by conspecific pheromone extraction in lower concentrations. In conclusion, heterospecific mating by T. evansi males, which results in RI, can be explained by their lack of discrimination between female pheromones of the two species. Differences in the propensity of interspecific web sharing in females might not be explained by the pheromones that we investigated.
Mental Health Disparities Mediating Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minorities: A Twin Approach
Authors: Oginni Olakunle Ayokunmi , Jern Patrick , Rijsdijk Frühling Vesta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncreased risky sexual behavior in sexual minorities relative to heterosexual individuals may be partly explained by mental health disparities, and both factors may be further jointly influenced by common genetic and environmental factors. However, these relationships have not been previously investigated. The objectives of the present study were to investigate mental health disparities as a mediator of the relationship between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior, controlling for genetic and environmental effects in this relationship and testing for sex differences. Participants included 5814 twins from a Finnish twin cohort. Specified latent factors included sexual orientation, mental health indicators, and risky sexual behavior. Twin models were fitted to the factor structure of the data whereby a Cholesky decomposition on the factors was compared to a mediation submodel using OpenMx. Sex differences were tested in the final model. Phenotypically, mental health disparities partially mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and increased risky sexual behavior, with comparable effects in males and females. However, while this indirect route from sexual orientation to risky sexual behavior mainly contained transmitted genetic effects in males, there was a significant proportion of transmitted shared environmental effects in females. This is the first study to demonstrate that the mediation relationships between sexual orientation, mental health disparities, and risky sexual behavior are not confounded by genetic and environmental factors. The significant sex differences need to be recognized in future research and intervention design to improve sexual health in sexual minorities.
Access and allocation in climate change adaptation
Authors: Grecksch Kevin , Klöck Carola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs climate change impacts become increasingly apparent, adaptation becomes increasingly urgent. Accordingly, adaptation to climate change has shifted towards the centre of attention in both policy and research. In this article, we review the last 10 years of adaptation research (2008–2018), with a focus on work within the Earth System Governance network. We use the lens of access and allocation to structure our review and examine how adaptation affects, and is affected by, access to basic needs, basic rights, and decision-making on the one hand, as well as allocation of responsibilities, resources, and risks on the other. We find that questions of justice, equity, and fairness are fundamental to all dimensions of adaptation. The access perspective, for example, suggests that we need to assess vulnerability, understood broadly, while the allocation perspective focuses on questions of responsibility for being vulnerable, e.g. when people live, or move to, hazard-prone areas exposed to climate risk. This also relates to questions of who is responsible for selecting, implementing, and funding adaptation measures. Overall, we find that the framework of “access and allocation” and its subcategories offer a detailed approach to adaptation and adaptation research, but that it is not intuitive. The notion of “climate justice” seems to resonate more with both academic and policy debates.
Practice before theory? An approach for testing sequencing effects in pedagogical design
Authors: Natarajan Sukumar , McCullen Nick , Lo Steve , Coley David , Arja Omaimah Ali , Moran Francis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineering is a practical discipline, dedicated to the solution of problems through the sound application of principles derived from the natural sciences and mathematics. Engineering pedagogy has therefore to balance the need for learners to gain a deep understanding of the theoretical basis of the problem domain whilst grasping its practical implications. However, little is known as to the most effective sequence of delivery: is it better to begin with theory and build up to practice or vice versa? Here, we present the idea of testing this through a carefully designed pedagogical experiment. We begin by discussing the issues around the creation of a pedagogical experiment to answer such a question, and define the nature and scope of such experiments. We then create a formal framework within which such questions can be tested and present an experiment in the domain of architectural engineering that pilots this new approach. Finally, we discuss the utility of using such a framework to lead evidence-based discussions of pedagogical practice within the engineering education literature, and conclude that similar experiments could be, and should be, completed by other teams wanting to examine delivery order or other binary choice situations.
Urogenital Abnormalities in Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Authors: Pajno Roberta , Pacillo Lucia , Recupero Salvatore , Cicalese Maria P. , Ferrua Francesca , Barzaghi Federica , Ricci Silvia , Marzollo Antonio , Pecorelli Silvia , Azzari Chiara , Finocchi Andrea , Cancrini Caterina , Di Matteo Gigliola , Russo Gianni , Alfano Massimo , Lesma Arianna , Salonia Andrea , Adams Stuart , Booth Claire , Aiuti Alessandro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Improved survival in ADA-SCID patients is revealing new aspects of the systemic disorder. Although increasing numbers of reports describe the systemic manifestations of adenosine deaminase deficiency, currently there are no studies in the literature evaluating genital development and pubertal progress in these patients.

Methods
We collected retrospective data on urogenital system and pubertal development of 86 ADA-SCID patients followed in the period 2000–2017 at the Great Ormond Street Hospital (UK) and 5 centers in Italy. In particular, we recorded clinical history and visits, and routine blood tests and ultrasound scans were performed as part of patients’ follow-up.

Results and Discussion
We found a higher frequency of congenital and acquired undescended testes compared with healthy children (congenital, 22% in our sample, 0.5–4% described in healthy children; acquired, 16% in our sample, 1–3% in healthy children), mostly requiring orchidopexy. No urogenital abnormalities were noted in females. Spontaneous pubertal development occurred in the majority of female and male patients with a few cases of precocious or delayed puberty; no patient presented high FSH values. Neither ADA-SCID nor treatment performed (PEG-ADA, BMT, or GT) affected pubertal development or gonadic function.

Conclusion
In summary, this report describes a high prevalence of cryptorchidism in a cohort of male ADA-SCID patients which could represent an additional systemic manifestation of ADA-SCID. Considering the impact urogenital and pubertal abnormalities can have on patients’ quality of life, we feel it is essential to include urogenital evaluation in ADA-SCID patients to detect any abnormalities, initiate early treatment, and prevent long-term complications.
Host preference and sorus location correlate with parasite phylogeny in the smut fungal genus Microbotryum (Basidiomycota, Microbotryales)
Authors: Kemler Martin , Denchev Teodor T. , Denchev Cvetomir M. , Begerow Dominik , Piątek Marcin , Lutz Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe smut fungal genus Microbotryum (Microbotryales, Pucciniomycotina) contains species that parasitize plants from many different lineages of euasterids, with host specificity of individual parasite species in general being exceptionally high. Additionally, it has been shown that the location of spore production in some species is related to spore dispersal. In this phylogenetic study based on ITS and LSU rDNA data of 57 Microbotryum spp., host spectra and sorus location are mapped on the phylogeny of Microbotryum species in order to understand the macroevolutionary patterns of these two traits. We find that monophyletic parasite clades correspond well with monophyletic host clades and also that monophyletic parasite groups in general produce their spores in the same plant organ. Ancestral state reconstruction inferred the most probable ancestral trait for sorus location being leaves and the most probable ancestral host family for the genus Microbotryum as being the Polygonaceae. According to molecular analyses, a newly sequenced specimen of Ustilago ducellieri, a seed parasite on Arenaria leptoclados, previously treated as synonym of Microbotryum duriaeanum, belongs to a lineage distinct from specimens of M. duriaeanum. A new combination, Microbotryum ducellieri, is accordingly proposed. Taxonomic implications of the presented analyses for the genera Bauhinus and Haradaea are briefly discussed.
Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities
Authors:   for the International Osteoporosis Foundation, Borgström Fredrik , Karlsson Linda , Ortsäter Gustav , Norton Nicolas , Halbout Philippe , Cooper Cyrus , Lorentzon Mattias , McCloskey Eugene V. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Javaid Muhamamd K. , Kanis John A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Summary
This report provides an overview and a comparison of the burden and management of fragility fractures in the largest five countries of the European Union plus Sweden (EU6). In 2017, new fragility fractures in the EU6 are estimated at 2.7 million with an associated annual cost of €37.5 billion and a loss of 1.0 million quality-adjusted life years.

Introduction
Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, which increases the risk of fragility fractures, which in turn, represent the main consequence of the disease. This report provides an overview and a comparison of the burden and management of fragility fractures in the largest five EU countries and Sweden (designated the EU6).

Methods
A series of metrics describing the burden and management of fragility fractures were defined by a scientific steering committee. A working group performed the data collection and analysis. Data were collected from current literature, available retrospective data and public sources. Different methods were applied (e.g. standard statistics and health economic modelling), where appropriate, to perform the analysis for each metric.

Results
Total fragility fractures in the EU6 are estimated to increase from 2.7 million in 2017 to 3.3 million in 2030; a 23% increase. The resulting annual fracture-related costs (€37.5 billion in 2017) are expected to increase by 27%. An estimated 1.0 million quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were lost in 2017 due to fragility fractures. The current disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1000 individuals age 50 years or more were estimated at 21 years, which is higher than the estimates for stroke or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The treatment gap (percentage of eligible individuals not receiving treatment with osteoporosis drugs) in the EU6 is estimated to be 73% for women and 63% for men; an increase of 17% since 2010. If all patients who fracture in the EU6 were enrolled into fracture liaison services, at least 19,000 fractures every year might be avoided.

Conclusions
Fracture-related burden is expected to increase over the coming decades. Given the substantial treatment gap and proven cost-effectiveness of fracture prevention schemes such as fracture liaison services, urgent action is needed to ensure that all individuals at high risk of fragility fracture are appropriately assessed and treated.
Thermal maturity evaluation using Raman spectroscopy for oil shale samples of USA: comparisons with vitrinite reflectance and pyrolysis methods
Authors: Kibria Md. Golam , Das Souvik , Hu Qin-Hong , Basu Asish R. , Hu Wen-Xuan , Mandal Subhadip 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThermal maturity is commonly assessed by various geochemical screening methods (e.g., pyrolysis and organic petrology). In this contribution, we attempt to establish an alternative approach to estimating thermal maturity with Raman spectroscopy, using 24 North American oil shale samples with thermal maturity data generated by vitrinite reflectance (VRo%) and pyrolysis (Tmax)-based maturity calculation (VRe%). The representative shale samples are from the Haynesville (East Texas), Woodford (West Texas), Eagle Ford and Pearsall (South Texas) Formations, as well as Gothic, Mancos, and Niobrara Formation shales (all from Colorado). The Raman spectra of disordered carbonaceous matter (D1 and G bands separation) of these samples were directly obtained from the rock chips without prior sample preparation. Using the Gaussian and Lorentzian distribution approach, thermal maturities from VR were correlated with carbon G and D1. We found that the Raman band separation (RBS) displayed a better correlation for equivalent VRe% than vitrinite reflectance VRo%. The RBS (D1–G) distance versus total organic carbon, free hydrocarbons from thermal extraction (S1), and the remaining hydrocarbon generating potential (S2) indicate that the RBS (D1–G) distance is also related to kerogen type. Data presented here from three methods of maturity determination of shale demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is a quick and valid approach to thermal maturity assessment.