bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth Using XFEM
Authors: Bartaula Durlabh , Li Yong , Koduru Smitha , Adeeb Samer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pipelines carrying oil and gas are susceptible to fatigue failure (i.e., unstable fatigue crack propagation) due to fluctuating loading such as varying internal pressure and other external loadings. Fatigue crack growth (FCG) prediction through full-scale pipe tests can be expensive and time consuming, and experimental data is limited particularly in the face of large uncertainty involved. In contrast, numerical simulation techniques (e.g., XFEM) can be alternative to study the FCG, given that numerical models can be theoretically and/or experimentally validated with reasonable accuracy. In this study, capabilities and limitations of existing fatigue analysis code (e.g., direct cyclic approach with XFEM) in Abaqus for low cycle fatigue simulation are explored for compact-tension (CT) specimens and pipelines assuming linear elastic material behavior. The simulated FCG curve for a CT specimen is compared with that obtained from the analytical method using the stress intensity factor prescribed in ASTM E647. However, for real pipelines with elastic-plastic behavior, direct cyclic approach is not suitable, and an indirect cyclic approach is used based on the fracture energy parameters (e.g., J integral) calculated using XFEM in Abaqus. FCG law (e.g., power law relationship like Paris law) is used to generate the fatigue crack growth curve. For comparison, the FCG curve obtained through direct cyclic approach for pipelines assuming linear elastic material is also presented. The comparative studies here indicate that XFEM-based FCG simulation using appropriate techniques can be applied to pipelines for fatigue life prediction.
The Effect of Water Absorption on the Mechanical Performance of Gasket Materials
Authors: Wilson Jeffery 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The selection of gasket materials for bolted flanged connections (BFCs) is largely influenced by temperature, pressure, commodity (chemical), flange geometry, and available bolt load. However, very little focus has been placed on what happens to gasket materials if they are exposed to water or high humidity before or during installation. While not all gasket materials are susceptible to the absorption of water, others are, and their performance could be critically reduced by the slightest amount of absorption. The understanding and ability to quantify the degree to which different gasket materials are affected by pre-assembly water exposure will be another tool used to determine the correct gasket for different services and external conditions, along with addressing the importance of proper gasket handling and storage environments.
This paper will explore the degree to which a wide group of common industrial gasket materials absorb water and how they perform under compressive loads from a mechanical perspective. With the data collected from this testing, users will have a better understanding of which materials are susceptible to the absorption of water and to what extent it affects the mechanical performance of the gasket.
Tempering Response in Type 410 Stainless Steel Welds for Petrochemical Application
Authors: Kusunoki Takuya , Alexandrov Boian , Lawson Benjamin , Penso Jorge , Bundy Joe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Type 410 martensitic stainless steel is typically used in highly corrosive environments within petrochemical installations due to its resistance to halide stress corrosion cracking, hardenability, and low cost compared to austenitic stainless steel. However, the industry has experienced difficulties in meeting the ASME toughness, and NACE hardness requirements for wet sour services of Type 410 steel welds. Recent studies have shown that these problems are related to the wide compositional ranges of Type 410 base metals and welding consumables, leading to exceeding the A1 temperature during postweld heat treatment (PWHT) and formation of fresh martensite, and to retention of significant amount of delta ferrite in the final weld metal and heat affected zone microstructures. These studies have identified two Type 410 optimized weld metal compositions that met the specified hardness and toughness requirements.
The objective of this work was to quantify the tempering response in one of the optimized welding consumables and in two Type 410 base metals. Samples of these materials were subjected to a series of PWHTs at temperatures corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the ASME code recommended temperature range (760 C and 800 °C) and at 10 °C below the A1 temperature of each material. The PWHT durations were 5 and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, and 4 hours. The hardness values related to all PWHTs performed below the corresponding A1 temperatures were used to generate Holloman–Jaffe type equations for all tested materials. As expected, the PWHTs performed above the A1 temperatures resulted in the formation of fresh martensite.
Bending Deformation Performance of Underground Pipe for Power Transmission
Authors: Sakai Michiya , Matsuura Shinichi , Yoshimoto Masahiro , Takenaka Satoshi , Saito Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to clarify the ultimate strength of the Pipe type Oil Filled (POF) steel pipe, the four-point bending test of a straight pipe was performed using buried pipes for power transmission, and the ultimate behavior related to bending deformation performance was confirmed. The straight pipe model under the condition of joint and axial force as parameters was tested, and the limit states against ovalization due to buckling of pipe were shown. Based on the experimental results, we performed finite element analysis (FEA) by detailed modeling for the four-point bending test of a straight pipe, confirmed the analysis accuracy, and showed that it was possible to evaluate even local deformation due to buckling. The test results were evaluated by the buckling strength formula of the cylindrical shell, it was confirmed that the maximum buckling strength can be assessed conservatively and rationally.
Exercise Interventions for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Following an Emergency Department Consultation for a Minor Injury
Authors: Fruteau de Laclos Laurence , Sirois Marie-Josée , Blanchette Andréanne , Martel Dominic , Blais Joannie , Émond Marcel , Daoust Raoul , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: October 2020

This study compared effects of exercise-based interventions with usual care on functional decline, physical performance, and health-related quality of life (12-item Short-Form health survey) at 3 and 6 months after minor injuries, in older adults discharged from emergency departments. Participants were randomized either to the intervention or control groups. The interventions consisted of 12-week exercise programs available in their communities. Groups were compared on cumulative incidences of functional decline, physical performances, and 12-item Short-Form health survey scores at all time points. Functional decline incidences were: intervention, 4.8% versus control, 15.4% (p = .11) at 3 months, and 5.3% versus 17.0% (p = .06) at 6 months. While the control group remained stable, the intervention group improved in Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test (3.0 ± 4.5 s, p < .01). The 12-item Short-Form health survey role physical score improvement was twice as high following intervention compared with control. Early exercises improved leg strength and reduced self-perceived limitations following a minor injury.
The Kids Are Alright—Right? Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Students
Authors: Petruzzello Steven J. , Box Allyson G. 
Published: October 2020

The status of physical activity in higher education has changed dramatically over the past 100 years. In this paper, we aim to (a) provide a brief history of physical activity on campus; (b) describe how that activity has changed from a requirement to an elective; (c) illustrate how mental health (particularly stress, anxiety, and depression) has changed in college students over the past few decades; and (d) describe the relationships between physical activity and mental health, particularly in college students. The paper culminates with recommendations for how colleges and universities might facilitate better student mental health through physical activity. There is room to improve the physical activity and mental health of college students, realigning higher education with the promotion of mens sana in corpore sano.
Higher circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes
Authors: Tsuboi Ayaka , Kitaoka Kaori , Yano Megumu , Takeuchi Mika , Minato-Inokawa Satomi , Honda Mari , Kurata Miki , Wu Bin , Kazumi Tsutomu , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionCirculating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in several Western countries. Here, we assessed serum orosomucoid (ORM) in relation to prediabetes in the Japanese.Research design and methodsParticipants consisted of 83 middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 37 with prediabetes and 4 with newly identified diabetes, whose homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 1.1±0.7, 1.4±0.9 and 1.7±0.8, respectively. Body composition, serum inflammatory markers, adiponectin, β-cell function and insulin resistance inferred from serum insulin kinetics during an oral glucose tolerance test were compared cross-sectionally between those with prediabetes and NGT.ResultsSerum orosomucoid, but not high-sensitivity C reactive protein, was elevated in prediabetes (190±29 vs 141±31 mg/dL) with further elevation in diabetes (295±52 mg/dL) (all p<0.001). Prediabetes was associated with lower Oral Disposition Index (the product of the Insulinogenic Index and Matsuda Index) with further depression in diabetes. No association was found with skeletal muscle mass, HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin.ConclusionsHigher circulating ORM and reduced glucose induced insulin secretion were found in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes in the absence of insulin resistance.
Comparison of the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 on glucose patterns among children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes: CGM study
Authors: Di Dalmazi Guido , Maltoni Giulio , Bongiorno Claudio , Tucci Lorenzo , Di Natale Valeria , Moscatiello Simona , Laffi Gilberto , Pession Andrea , Zucchini Stefano , Pagotto Uberto 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic forced the Italian government to issue extremely restrictive measures on daily activities since 11 March 2020 (‘lockdown’), which may have influenced the metabolic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The aims of the study were to investigate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in children and adults with T1D during lockdown and to identify their potentially related factors.Research design and methodsWe enrolled 130 consecutive patients with T1D (30 children (≤12 years), 24 teenagers (13–17 years), and 76 adults (≥18 years)) using either Dexcom or FreeStyle LibreCGM>70% during the study period, without hybrid closed-loop insulin pump. CGM metrics during the 20 days before and the 20 days after lockdown were calculated. By telephonic contact, we performed validated physical activity and perceived stress questionnaires.ResultsIn children, significantly lower glucose SD (SDglu) (p=0.029) and time below range (TBR)<54 mg/dL (TBR2) (p=0.029) were detected after lockdown. CGM metrics were comparable in teenagers before and during lockdown. After lockdown, adults improved significantly time in range (TIR) 70–180 mg/dL (p<0.001) and remaining metrics, except percent coefficient of variation and TBR2. In adults, considering the changes in SDglu and TIR occurred before and during lockdown, we identified a group with improved TIR and SDglu who performed more physical activity, one with improved glucose variability who was younger than the other patients, and one with worsened glucose variability who showed higher perceived stress than others.ConclusionIn patients with T1D during lockdown, CGM metrics mostly improved in children and adults, whereas it was unchanged in teenagers. In adults, age, physical activity, and perceived stress may be relevant contributing factors.
Changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion during pregnancy and post partum in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Skajaa Gitte Oeskov , Fuglsang Jens , Knorr Sine , Møller Niels , Ovesen Per , Kampmann Ulla 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe metabolic abnormalities underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) include increased insulin resistance and beta cell defects, but it is essential to clarify how insulin resistance and insulin secretion develop post partum in order to decide when and how to screen for type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and hormonal status around parturition and 6 months post partum in women with gestational diabetes.Research design and methodsA longitudinal experimental study was performed at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Eight women with GDM were examined at three identical visits: in late pregnancy (LP) between gestational age 34+0 and 36+6, early post partum (EPP) between 12 and 34 days post partum, and late post partum (LPP) 6 months post partum. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, followed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Blood samples were collected to assess metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers at each visit.ResultsFirst and second phase insulin secretion and C-peptide concentrations were higher in late pregnancy than post partum (p<0.001). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was different at all three visits: ISILP=0.03±0.004, ISIEPP=0.09±0.008 and ISILPP=0.07±0.008) (p<0.001). Also, significant changes in lipids, leptin, glucagon, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 were seen when comparing the visits.ConclusionsInsulin sensitivity improves immediately after delivery in women with GDM but seems to deteriorate within the first 6 months post partum. Our findings underline the importance of having an increased awareness of the profound risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.Trial registration numberNCT02770079.
Association between vitamin intake and respiratory complaints in adults from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey years 1–8
Authors: Almoosawi Suzana , Palla Luigi 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the cross-sectional association between vitamins A, E, C and D from diet and supplements and the prevalence of respiratory complaints in a nationally representative sample of UK adults.MethodsData from adult participants of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme years 2008–2016 were used for the analysis. Logistic regression adapted for complex survey design was used to investigate the relationship between each vitamin intake in turn (exposure) and self-reported respiratory complaints (outcome), adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsOverall, respiratory complaints were found in 33 of the 6115 adult patients aged 19 years and above. After adjustment for potential confounders, a negative association was observed between the intake of vitamin A and E intake from diet and supplements and respiratory complaints. For vitamin D, intake from supplements, but not diet, was inversely significantly associated with respiratory complaints. No association between vitamin C and respiratory complaints was observed.ConclusionIn conclusion, intake of vitamin A and E from diet and supplements, and vitamin D from supplements, show strong evidence of association with lower self-reported prevalence of respiratory complaints in a nationally representative sample of UK adults.
Effects of trunk extensor eccentric exercise on lipid profile and glycaemic response
Authors: Lee Ho-Seong , Akimoto Takayuki , Kim Ah-Ram 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesA number of previous studies reported physiological responses and adaptations after eccentric muscle contraction of limb muscles. In contrast, no study has determined physiological response after eccentric contraction of trunk muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the functional and metabolic changes after eccentric or concentric exercises of trunk extensor muscles.MethodsIn this randomised, crossover study, 10 men performed a single bout of 50 maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric contractions of the trunk extensor with an interval of 2 weeks between bouts. The activities of the paraspinal muscles were recorded during concentric and eccentric contractions. Muscle soreness, muscle function, blood lipid profiles and glycaemic responses were measured before, immediately after and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after each bout.ResultsThe lumbar multifidus and iliocostalis lumborum activities during eccentric contractions were significantly higher than those during concentric contractions (p<0.05). The maximal strength and muscle endurance of the trunk extensor were not decreased even after the eccentric contractions. Compared with concentric contractions, muscle soreness was significantly increased at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after eccentric contractions (p<0.05). The TG, TC and LDL-C were significantly lower at 48, 72 and 96 hours after eccentric contractions (p<0.05), while blood glucose levels and HOMA-IR were significantly greater at 48 and 72 hours after eccentric contractions (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study indicated that eccentric contractions of the trunk extensor had positive effects on the lipid profile and the glycaemic response.
A prospective randomised simulation trial comparing our novel AIR-BOX to standard airway equipment storage modalities
Authors: Piechowski Wojciech , Clapper Timothy C , Park Joel C , Ching Kevin , St. George Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThere is little evidence guiding equipment handling during emergency endotracheal intubations (EEI). Available evidence and current practice are either outdated, anecdotal or focused on difficult—not emergency—intubation. In this study, we describe and evaluate our equipment handling unit: the AIR-BOX.MethodsThis is a proof-of-concept, prospective, randomised simulation trial. A convenience sample of 50 airway course participants voluntarily underwent randomisation: 21 to the AIR-BOX group, 14 to the intubation box group, and 15 to the crash cart group. The volunteers were asked to intubate a manikin using the equipment from the storage unit of their randomisation. Outcome measures included time-to-readiness, time-to-intubation, first-pass success, and subjective operator experience.ResultsThe mean time-to-readiness was 67.2 s with the AIR-BOX, 84.6 s with the intubation box, and 115 s with the crash cart. The mean time-to-intubation was 105 s with the AIR-BOX, 127 s with the intubation box and 167 s with the crash cart. A statistically significant difference was achieved between the AIR-BOX and the crash cart. No statistically significant difference was found between the three groups with regard to first-pass success or the time between intubation readiness and intubation.ConclusionsThis study supports the AIR-BOX as a viable tool that can improve and simplify access to emergency intubating equipment. It also opens doors for multiple future innovations that can positively impact equipment handling practices. Future studies can focus on assessing whether applying the AIR-BOX will yield a clinically significant impact on patient outcomes.
Role of amiodarone in the management of atrial arrhythmias in adult Fontan patients
Authors: Kawada Satoshi , Chakraborty Praloy , Roche Lucy , Oechslin Erwin N , Silversides Candice , Wald Rachel M , Downar Eugene , Harris Louise , Swan Lorna , Alonso-Gonzalez Rafael , Thorne Sara , Yamamura Kenichiro , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy , Mondésert Blandine , Khairy Paul , Nair Krishnakumar 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPatients with Fontan circulation are known to be at high risk for developing atrial tachyarrhythmias (AAs). Our objective was to examine the efficacy and safety of amiodarone in the management of ATs in adult Fontan patients.MethodsPrimary outcomes of this single-centre, retrospective study included freedom from AAs and incidence of adverse effects of amiodarone on Fontan patients. Heart failure (HF) events and composite outcomes of death from any cause, Fontan revision and heart transplantation were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Predictors of HF and discontinuing amiodarone were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 61 patients (mean age 31.6±11.3 years, 40.9% female), who were treated with amiodarone in between 1995 and 2018, were included. AAs free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years were 76.2%, 56.9% and 30.6%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 50.5 months, 34 (55.7%) patients developed side effects, and 20 (32.8%) patients discontinued amiodarone due to side effects. Thyroid dysfunction was the most common side effect (n=26, 76.5%), amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) (n=16, 27.1%) being most common thyroid dysfunction. Young age (age <28.5 years) was associated with discontinuing amiodarone (HR 5.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 25.4, p=0.029). AIT significantly increased risk of HF (HR 4.82, 95% CI 1.71 to 13.6, p=0.003).ConclusionsShort-term efficacy of amiodarone in Fontan physiology is acceptable. However, long-term administration is associated with a reduction of efficacy and a significant prevalence of non-cardiac side effects. AIT is associated with exacerbation of HF. The judicious use of amiodarone administration should be considered in this population.
On ‘rotating charged AdS solutions in quadratic f(T) gravity’: new rotating solutions
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that there are two or more procedures to generalize the known four-dimensional transformation, aiming to generate cylindrically rotating charged exact solutions, to higher dimensional spacetimes . In the one procedure, presented in Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79:668, one uses a non-trivial, non-diagonal, Minkowskian metric $$\bar{\eta }_{ij}$$

η

¯

ij

to derive complicated rotating solutions. In the other procedure, discussed in this work, one selects a diagonal Minkowskian metric $${\eta }_{ij}$$

η

ij

to derive much simpler and appealing rotating solutions. We also show that if ($$g_{\mu \nu },\,\eta _{ij}$$

g

μ
ν

,

η

ij

) is a rotating solution then ($$\bar{g}_{\mu \nu },\,\bar{\eta }_{ij}$$

g

¯

μ
ν

,

η

¯

ij

) is a rotating solution too with similar geometrical properties, provided $$\bar{\eta }_{ij}$$

η

¯

ij

and $${\eta }_{ij}$$

η

ij

are related by a symmetric matrix R: $$\bar{\eta }_{ij}={\eta }_{ik}R_{kj}$$

η

¯

ij

=

η

ik

R

kj

.