bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges experienced by healthcare workers in managing patients with hearing impairment at a primary health care setting: a descriptive case study
Authors: Orrie S. , Motsohi T. 
Published: October 2020

Background: There has been little research on the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) with deaf/hearing impaired (HI) clients. Anecdotal evidence suggests that HCWs experience challenges, but little is reported on how they manage these challenges. Interactions with and care of deaf/Deaf and HI patients by clinicians has yielded several questions around communication and assessment strategies, as well as comparative quality of health care for deaf/Deaf and HI clients. This research was intended to further the understanding and knowledge of these aspects of health care of deaf/Deaf and HI clients.Methods: The study design is a qualitative, descriptive case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with individual HCWs and focus-group discussions with groups of participants. Participants were invited staff members at Retreat Community Health Centre (RCHC) in Cape Town. Convenience sampling was used to select participants, and interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Data were studied and analysed using the phenomenological method.Results: HCWs reported that they serve very few Deaf or HI clients. However, themes of language barriers, resilience, preconceptions, improvisation and innovation, interpreters and recommendations emerged. Difficulties in communication were acknowledged, but HCWs insisted that these barriers are not insurmountable.Discussion and conclusion: A few preconceptions and gaps in knowledge and awareness were revealed. HCWs also tended to rely on escorts and other interpreters. The dominant recommendations are that HCWs should receive training in sign language (SL) and/or that SL interpreters be available at facilities. Despite using words and phrases such as ‘frustrating’ and ‘more effort’, participants’ concluding remarks reiterate that their experiences are positive, suggesting a notable resilience.
Weight bias and eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity attending a general medical practice in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Govender R. D. , Al-Shamsi S. , Regmi D. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The consequences of obesity for physical health and non-communicable illnesses are well established, but the impact on psychosocial well-being in persons with obesity is much less understood. This study aimed to assess psychosocial constructs such as weight bias affecting the eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity attending a general practice in South AfricaMethods: An observational study was conducted at a private general medical practice situated in a peri-urban area of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A sample of 100 persons with overweight and obesity, and with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Frequency tables for BMI, sociodemographic factors, perceptions and eating behaviours were described. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was run to assess the relationship between sociodemographic factors, perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and eating behaviours.Results: About 90% were below 60 years and 83% were females. The mean BMI of males was 41.7 kg/m2 (SD = 7.38) and of females was 39.9 kg/m2 (SD = 7.91). It was found that weight stigma (are overweight people discriminated against) and the average household income were associated with abnormal eating behaviours such as compulsive eating, obsession with eating and psychological problems. A significant correlation was demonstrated between ‘Are people with overweight discriminated against?’ and abnormal eating behaviours such as compulsive eating (p = 0.049), obsession with eating (p = 0.009) and psychological problems (p = 0.051)Conclusion: Psychosocial factors such as weight bias affect the eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity in South Africa. Research should be done exploring promotion of the psychosocial well-being of patients while trying to manage their obesity.
Lifestyle counselling and behavioural change: role among adult hypertensives in a rural tertiary institution
Authors: Ayodapo A. O. , Olukokun T. A.V. 
Published: October 2020

Background: In spite of the availability of myriads of antihypertensive medications, the control of high blood pressure is still low. Studies on effect of lifestyle behavioural changes through counselling on blood pressure control are scant in Nigeria. Therefore, this study set out to determine the role of lifestyle counselling on behavioural change among hypertensive patients attending the Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti.Methods: A total of 322 adult hypertensive participants who had been on treatment for at least three consecutive months were randomised into two groups. Relevant data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and clinical parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention. The intervention group was counselled on lifestyle behaviours, namely regular exercise, eating adequate fruits and vegetables, moderate alcohol intake and cessation of smoking.Results: Post-intervention, among the intervention group 22.4%, 71.4% and 100%, as compared with the control group at 6.2%, 41.0% and 87.6%, met recommendations for physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and alcohol consumption respectively. The difference in each category was statistically significant (p 0.001). However, the difference in smoking habits between the two groups (83.9% vs. 79.5%) was not statistically significant (p = 0.313). There was a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in the difference in mean arterial pressure (96.4 ± 8.1 vs 106.2 ± 7.6 mmHg) between the intervention and control group post-intervention.Conclusion: Lifestyle modifications form part of an important and effective treatment modality for hypertension. It is desirable that primary care physicians devise and implement clinical and public health strategies that promote and maintain a combination of pharmacologic interventions and lifestyle modifications.
Evaluating the performance of South African primary care: a cross-sectional descriptive survey
Authors: Bresick Graham , Von Pressentin Klaus B. , Mash Robert 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In 2018 governments reaffirmed their commitment to implementing primary health care (PHC) in the Astana Declaration. South Africa has introduced a number of health reforms to strengthen PHC and enable universal health coverage (UHC). UHC requires access to quality primary care and progress needs to be measured. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of South African primary care using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey used data derived from a previous analytical observational study. Data from 413 patients, 136 health workers and 55 managers were analysed from 30 community health centres across four provinces of South Africa. Scores were obtained for 10 key domains and an overall primary care score. Scores were compared in terms of respondents, provinces and monthly headcount.Results: Patients rated first contact accessibility, ongoing care and community orientation as the poorest performing elements ( 50% scoring as ‘acceptable to good’); first contact utilisation, informational coordination and family-centredness as weaker elements ( 66% scoring as ‘acceptable to good’); and comprehensiveness, coordination, cultural competency and availability of the PHC team as stronger aspects of primary care (≥ 66% or more scoring as ‘acceptable or good’). Managers and providers were generally much more positive about the performance of PHC.Conclusion: Gaps exist between PHC users’ experience of care and what PHC staff believe they provide. Priorities to strengthen South African primary care include improving access, informational and relational continuity of care, and ensuring the implementation of community-orientated primary care. The PCAT is a useful tool to measure quality of primary care and progress with UHC.
Mastering your Fellowship
Authors: Naidoo M. , Von Pressentin K. B. , Ras T. , Mabuza H. 
Published: October 2020

The series, “Mastering your Fellowship”, provides examples of the question format encountered in the written and clinical examinations, Final Part A of the FCFP(SA) examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars prepare for this examination. Model answers are available online.
The use, knowledge and attitudes regarding hormonal contraceptive products of female first-year students in a Faculty of Health Sciences
Authors: Van Zyl P. M. , Brisley C. , Halberg L. , Matthysen M. , Toerien M. , Joubert G. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Effective contraception plays a major role in the economic advancement of women. New hormonal products offer more effective solutions with fewer side effects. This study aimed to assess the use, knowledge and attitudes regarding hormonal contraception of female first-year students across various health profession courses.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted during August to October 2017 targeting all female first-year students of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Free State.Results: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed by 261 students (response rate 81.6%). At the time of the study, 29.6% of the study population reported using hormonal contraceptive products; 51.7% of users cited acne as the indication. Among users of hormonal contraceptives, combined oral contraception was the most commonly used (86.0%), and was regarded as the most effective (33.2%). A third of the students (36.2%) were aware that some medication could influence the effectiveness of combined oral contraception. Half (52.3%) had no knowledge of the subdermal implant and 34.8% did not know what an intrauterine system was. According to 28.2%, post-coital use of hormonal products is not an acceptable method of contraception. Almost 90% (87.3%) indicated that an education intervention regarding hormonal contraception is needed at the university.Conclusion: The study population lacks detailed and sufficient knowledge of critical aspects of contraception, such as relative effectiveness, and factors that affect these; long-acting reversible contraceptives; and emergency contraception. A formal education intervention is proposed.
The socioeconomic impact of rural-origin graduates working as healthcare professionals in South Africa
Authors: McGregor Richard Gavin , Ross Andrew John , Zihindula Ganzamungu 
Published: October 2020

Background: Studies documenting the socioeconomic impact of education leading to employment of rural youth, specifically in the healthcare professions, are lacking. The Umthombo Youth Development Foundation (UYDF) is an NGO that provides financial support for rural students to train as healthcare professionals (HCPs) as a way of addressing staff shortages at rural hospitals. The aim of this study was to understand the social and economic impact on individuals and their families of qualifying as an HCP and being employed at a rural district hospitalMethodology: A mixed methodology was used to collect data from 40 graduates at eight district hospitals in rural KwaZulu-Natal province. The research tools had qualitative and quantitative questions, with additional data being extracted from the UYDF database. The qualitative data were analysed thematically, with STATA software being used for the quantitative analysis.Results: The findings indicate that graduate household assets increased significantly, as did their socioeconomic circumstances, compared with before they qualified as HCPs. Graduates attached high value to education that led to their employment, which provided them with money to afford assets. Having a permanent job and regular income also transformed their families’ lives, as they were able to care for their siblings and extended family members.Conclusions: Training rural youth for employment in scarce skills that leads to employment, such as a career in the health sciences, boosts their socioeconomic circumstances and that of their families. This contributes to the staffing of rural hospitals, job creation and the economic development of the country.
Knowledge and perception of Family Medicine among medical students at University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Fasola O. E. , Alao A. O. , Ibisola B. A. , Obimakinde A. M. , Odekunle I. C. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Postgraduate training in Family Medicine in Nigeria began over three decades ago, but it was not until recently that the National University Commission (NUC) made it a policy for all Nigerian universities to include undergraduate Family Medicine training in their curriculum. This study aimed to assess the awareness and perception of Family Medicine among medical students at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four weeks (June 11–July 6, 2018) among 131 fourth-year, 118 fifth-year and 163 sixth-year medical students at UCH, Ibadan. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Data were collected from 309 (75% of the target population). The mean age of the respondents was 22.3 ± 2.3 years. The majority (74.4%) did not have a family member who was a doctor and only 2.3% had a family member who was specialising inFamily Medicine. Most of the participants (68.9%) had good knowledge of Family Medicine, while 57.3% had good perception of Family Medicine as a specialty. Importantly, an increase in year of clerkship was associated with an increase in the knowledge of Family Medicine among the respondents.Conclusion: It was observed that with increase in length of exposure to Family Medicine as a specialty, knowledge and perception of the specialty improved among the medical students. It is imperative that all the medical schools in Nigeria implement the NUC directive and start undergraduate Family Medicine training.
Community healthcare workers’ satisfaction with ward-based outreach team services in Tshwane district, South Africa
Authors: Ndimande J. V. , Ogunbanjo G. A. , Nyalunga S. N. , Masango-Makgobela A. , Bongongo T. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The incorporation of community healthcare worker (CHW) involvement in the management of patients is in line with the 2006 World Health Report, which advocates increased community participation and the systematic delegation of tasks to less specialised cadres. For CHWs to function optimally, satisfaction in their duties is paramount to promote quality healthcare. The health minister included ward-based outreach teams (WBOT) as part of the National Health Insurance.1 CHWs form an important link between healthcare facilities and the communities. This study aimed to measure the satisfaction level of the CHWs with WBOT services in the Tshwane district of South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional study on CHWs was conducted in seven sub-districts. Data were obtained by trained data collectors using a piloted self-administered structured questionnaire from October 12 to November 3, 2015 in three local official languages. The study population of CHWs was 1 600. Using a 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval, the sample size was 310. However, we over-sampled to 431 participants.Results: The mean age was 36 years (SD ± 9.46). The majority were females (82.1%); more than three-quarters (77%) had secondary education. The majority were satisfied with the WBOT services whereby 59.8% was the lowest score and 98.4% the highest score. Close to two-thirds (62%) were not satisfied with their monthly stipends. The majority of the younger members of the team (20–40 years) were not valued by their co-workers (70% or 181/255) [p = 0.03]. The overall satisfaction (n = 8593) was 73.4% (p 0.001).Conclusion: Overall satisfaction of CHWs with WBOT is good news. Dissatisfaction regarding stipend/compensation must be addressed. CHWs should be valued and motivated.
Sharp affine Trudinger–Moser inequalities: A new argument
Authors: Duy Nguyen Tuan , Lam Nguyen , Long Le Phi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe set up the sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality under arbitrary norms. Using this result and the
$L_{p}$
Busemann-Petty centroid inequality, we will provide a new proof to the sharp affine Trudinger–Moser inequalities without using the well-known affine Pólya–Szegö inequality.
Perfil dos clientes inadimplentes de uma empresa de factoring em uma capital brasileira baseada na teoria da curva ABC
Authors: Oliveira Junior Manoel Carlos de , Maciel Anderson 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo focaliza o tema inadimplência, a partir dos clientes de uma factoring localizada em Manaus-AM. O objetivo principal é identificar a relação entre o perfil dos clientes inadimplentes e relacioná-los às características das empresas inadimplentes, medindo o índice de inadimplência e possíveis motivos do inadimplemento em um período de 5 anos (2013 a 2017). O factoring tem como características essenciais a flexibilidade e dinamismo, e sua principal função é fomentar o setor produtivo. Um dos objetivos específicos é verificar a contribuição do factoring nas micro e pequenas empresas, bem como traçar o perfil dos inadimplentes e causas do inadimplemento. A análise baseou-se na teoria da Curva ABC, por meio do agrupamento e priorização dos dados. Os clientes foram segmentados segundo seu percentual de inadimplência. Ao final, obteve-se um painel que contém indicadores da carteira de clientes, para que o gestor subsidie suas decisões sobre o panorama da empresa em determinado momento. Os principais fatores apontados para inadimplência foram: Fator de Compra, Tempo de Fundação e Tempo de Cadastro, condicionantes para o endividamento dos clientes. Constatou-se menor “rigidez” na análise do crédito em função do tempo de cadastro junto à factoring. Assim, faz-se necessário manter a rigidez quanto a análise desses créditos para diminuição do endividamento dos clientes. Verificou-se que empresas de Sociedade Limitada, no segmento de serviços, são mais tendenciosas a não honrar com o pagamento, e consequentemente se tornar inadimplentes.
Análise custo-volume-lucro em uma escola de idiomas: um estudo de caso
Authors: Ukrainski Natanael Augusto , Gerigk Willson , Ribeiro Flávio 
Published: October 2020

A presente pesquisa aplicou os conceitos da análise de Custo/Volume/Lucro em um empreendimento que explora a educação de idiomas, mais especificamente, o inglês. Buscou-se identificar quais as informações de caráter gerencial essas aplicações podem oferecer aos administradores da empresa. O estudo foi realizado junto a uma escola franqueada de idiomas, que atua na cidade de São José dos Pinhais-PR e que começou a operar no ano de 2017. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. O estudo englobou o período de maio/2018 a abril/2019. Os resultados da pesquisa, decorrentes da aplicação da análise CVL, possibilitaram à escola conhecer: i) a margem de contribuição por aluno, em cada turma, assim como, a margem de contribuição total por turma; ii) o ponto de equilíbrio por turma, por aluno e o ponto de equilíbrio total da escola; iii) a margem de segurança por turma e a toral; e iv) o grau de alavancagem operacional, inclusive mensalmente.
Uma revisão sobre a pesquisa qualitativa em ciências sociais aplicadas
Authors: Baccin Brizolla Maria Margarete , Petry Jonas Fernando , Uchôa Antônio Giovanni Figliuolo , Ferreira Herbert Luiz Braga 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre a pesquisa qualitativa no campo das ciências sociais aplicadas, em especial na administração de empresas, demonstrando como a abordagem qualitativa e suas diferentes formas de emprego podem contribuir para o entendimento de um fenômeno. Os debates sobre métodos de pesquisa nas ciências sociais estão diretamente ligados a suposições sobre a ontologia, a epistemologia e a natureza humana (Morgan & Smircich, 1980). A revisão fornece uma introdução às diferentes abordagens qualitativas, seus pressupostos teóricos fundamentais, suas origens históricas e seus procedimentos investigativos. A pesquisa qualitativa, em sua essência, consiste na arte de transmitir e interpretar significados, baseando-se na coleta de dados de natureza qualitativa e numa teorização de caráter sobretudo indutivo. Os dados qualitativos podem ser textos não redutíveis, incluindo palavras e recursos visuais apresentados de forma estática ou dinâmica. Embora esses dados qualitativos possam ser digitalizados, sintetizados e até contados, fazê-lo requer interpretação dos dados para discernir padrões e insights. Dadas as formas amplas em que os dados qualitativos podem aparecer, as premissas epistemológicas de um pesquisador geralmente moldam suas abordagens a esse processo analítico. A pesquisa qualitativa apresenta novas percepções que geralmente podem introduzir a teoria em direções completamente novas (Bansal, Smith, & Vaara, 2018). É fundamental que os pesquisadores qualitativos ofereçam relatos detalhados de suas fontes e análises de dados. Um detalhamento minucioso é necessário desde o início do projeto até o envio do manuscrito, dando sentido ao relato dos dados e da teoria emergente, além de sinalizar a qualidade do exercício de pesquisa, a credibilidade do pesquisador e, finalmente, a confiabilidade dos dados e a teorização emergente. Como tal, o pesquisador geralmente apresenta com destaque, em primeira pessoa e reflexivamente, a descrição dos métodos (Bansal & Corley, 2017). Ao descrever as possíveis aplicações da abordagem qualitativa, o objetivo desta revisão é apoiar futuros pesquisadores das ciências sociais aplicadas que se valem das observações dos dados para introduzir conhecimentos abstratos que podem ser generalizados além dos contextos específicos. A teorização indutiva baseada em dados pode ampliar o quadro epistemológico dos pesquisadores com saltos mais longos do que a lógica hipodedutiva baseada em dados quantitativos, produzindo assim ideias completamente novas (Bansal, Smith, & Vaara, 2018). Por fim, os métodos qualitativos são variados e podem fornecer grandes contribuições, aproximando novos pesquisadores e inspirando novas pesquisas, ampliando a forma de ver as ciências sociais aplicadas. <imgsrc="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg" alt="" />
Comparison of functional outcome after open and closed reduction of mandibular subcondylar fracture
Authors: Samira Shabbir Balouch  , Rana Sohail  , Sadia Awais  , Riaz Ahmad Warraich  , Mir Ibrahim Sajid  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To compare open reduction with internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with closed reduction in terms of adequate mouth opening.
Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients who presented with unilateral subcondylar fractures. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group-A patients were treated with closed reduction and immobilisation and were discharged the same day, while Group-B patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation and retained in ward for 1 day. Both were recalled for periodic follow-ups, and were compared in terms of achieving adequate mouth opening. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 70 patients, 35(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group-A was 28.88±11.86 years compared to 28.22±10.80 years in Group-B (p>0.05). Mean mouth opening in the two groups were consistently positive, and significant at the last two follow-ups(p<0.001).
Conclusion: The difference in results of both treatment modalities was significant, indicating that open reduction and internal fixation should be the preferred treatment.
Key Words: Mandibular sub-condylar fracture, Open reduction, Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Mouth opening.