bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined effect of host and food availability on optimized parasitoid life‐history traits based on a three‐dimensional trade‐off surface
Authors: Segoli Michal , Wajnberg Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe reproductive success of many insects is considered to be limited by two main factors: the availability of mature eggs to lay (termed egg limitation) and the time to locate suitable hosts (termed time limitation). High host density in the environment is likely to enhance oviposition opportunities, thereby selecting for higher investment in egg supply. In contrast, a shortage of food (e.g. sugar sources) is likely to increase the risk of time limitation, thereby selecting for higher allocation to initial energy reserves. To our knowledge, the combined effect of host and food availability on these optimal life‐history allocations has never been investigated. We thus modelled their simultaneous effects on a three‐dimensional trade‐off between initial investment in energy reserves, egg number and egg size, while focusing on insect parasitoids. The model was based on Monte Carlo simulations coupled with genetic algorithms, in order to identify the optimal life‐history traits of a single simulated parasitoid female in an environment in which both hosts and food are present in varying densities. Our results reproduced the simple predictions described above. However, some novel predictions were also obtained, especially when specific interactions between the different factors were examined and their effects on the three‐dimensional life‐history surface were considered. The work sheds light on long‐lasting debates regarding the relative importance of time versus egg limitation in determining insect life‐history traits and highlights the complexity of life‐history evolution, where several environmental factors act simultaneously on multiple traits.
Mental health is the health of the whole body: How psychoneuroimmunology & health psychology can inform & improve treatment
Authors: Alessi Maria G. , Bennett Jeanette M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundConverging and accumulating evidence for the cross‐communication among the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, a field of study known as psychoneuroimmunology, implicates immunological dysfunction as a shared and common mechanism of both mental and physical illness. For example, psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety disorders have higher prevalence rates across a spectrum of autoimmune conditions compared to the general population. Additionally, subclinical immunological abnormalities are observed in a variety of psychiatric conditions, with chronic inflammation most extensively studied in the pathophysiology of depression. These observations blur the historical distinctions between mental and physical illness, yet clinical practice remains fragmented and primarily focused on differentially treating individual symptoms.Proposed thesisTherapeutically targeting inflammation offers translational opportunities for integrating mental and physical healthcare, a key niche of the interdisciplinary field of health psychology.ConclusionUtilizing a psychoneuroimmunological lens, health psychologists and clinicians can reconceptualize healthcare through integrative treatment approaches and advocacy for comprehensive policy‐level reform at both the individual‐level of care as well as community‐wide prevention approaches.
Effect of different beverages and storage period on bis‐acryl color stability using two assessment methods
Authors: Bastos Natália A. , Bitencourt Sandro B. , de Mello Igor P. , de Abreu Celina W. , Bombonatti Juliana F.S. , Silva Mariana M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the color stability (ΔE00) of bis‐acryl resins after different immersion solutions and storage time by different evaluation methods.Materials and methodsSixty specimens (n = 30) were prepared from Protemp 4 and Structur 3. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10), according to the immersion solution (artificial saliva, cola beverage, and yerba mate tea) and evaluated at two storage times (7 and 14 days). The ΔE00 of each group was calculated using color coordinates obtained by a spectrophotometer and by a digital method, using the CIEDE2000 color difference formula. Data were analyzed by three‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 7‐day period presented the lowest ΔE00 values, regardless of the material and solution evaluated for both evaluation methods (ΔE00 < 0.93; ΔE00 < 3.12). The immersion solution with the highest color change was yerba mate tea after 14 days (ΔE00 > 2.11). For digital analyses, all materials and solutions at both times presented ΔE00 values higher than the clinically acceptable (ΔE00 > 1.8), while in spectrophotometer only in yerba mate tea (14 days) Structur was above the clinical acceptability level.ConclusionsYerba mate tea was the immersion solution with a higher color change in both materials and assessment methods. The highest values were found after 14 days of immersion, regardless of the solution. The ΔE00 for the digital method was higher than the spectrophotometer analysis.Clinical significanceIt is important to identify the influence of staining beverages on interim materials used in patients requiring temporary rehabilitation. The use of a spectrophotometer seems to be more accurate than the digital method for the evaluation of color parameters of the tested materials.
What Is the Relationship Between Orthostatic Blood Pressure and Spatiotemporal Gait in Later Life?
Authors: Briggs Robert , Donoghue Orna A. , Carey Daniel , O'Connell Matthew D. L. , Newman Louise , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESLittle work to date has examined the relationship between gait performance and blood pressure (BP) recovery after standing in later life. The aim of this study is to clarify the association of orthostatic BP with spatiotemporal gait parameters in a large cohort of older people.DESIGNCross‐sectional study using multilevel linear regression to ascertain the difference in orthostatic BP patterns across tertiles of gait speed, and linear regression to analyze the association of orthostatic hypotension 30 seconds after standing (OH‐30) with specific gait characteristics.SETTINGThe Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.PARTICIPANTSA total of 4311 community‐dwelling adults, aged 50 years or older (mean age = 62.2 years; 54% female), one fifth (n = 791) of whom had OH‐30.MEASUREMENTSContinuous orthostatic BP was measured during active stand. OH‐30 was defined as a drop in systolic BP of 20 mm Hg or more or drop in diastolic BP of 10 mm Hg or more at 30 seconds.Spatiotemporal gait was assessed using the GAITRite system, reporting gait speed, step length, step width, and double support time in both single and dual (cognitive task) conditions.RESULTSOH‐30 was associated with slower gait speed (β = −3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.46 to −1.56) and shorter step length (β = −.73; 95% CI = −1.29 to −.16) in fully adjusted models during single task walking. Similar findings were observed in dual task conditions, in addition to increased double support phase (β = .45; 95% CI = .02‐.88).Multilevel models demonstrated that participants in the slowest tertile for gait speed had a significantly larger drop in systolic BP poststanding compared to those with faster gait speeds in single and dual task conditions.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that slower recovery of BP after standing is independently associated with poorer gait performance in community‐dwelling older adults.Given the adverse outcomes independently associated with OH and gait problems in later life, increasing awareness that they commonly coexist is important, particularly as both are potentially modifiable. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1286–1292, 2020.
Preinjection aspiration for injectable fillers in aesthetic dermatology: Trust or bust?
Authors: Albornoz Christian A. , Jhawar Nikita , Durso Timothy A. , Hazan Ezra , Wang Jordan V. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the utility of preinjection aspiration for injectable fillers as a safety checkpoint has been debated. It is a clinical technique that has become controversial in both the literature and at national aesthetic conferences. Many consensus papers and anecdotal reports have been divided on how helpful preinjection aspiration is in reducing adverse events and subsequently increasing patient safety. Here, we summarize the prominent studies in the literature and offer an evaluation and insights.
Internal Migration and the Role of Intergenerational Family Ties and Life Events
Authors: Thomas Michael J. , Dommermuth Lars 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines how the migration behavior of older parents and adult children might be influenced by the geographical configuration of nonresident family networks and the emergence of “linked” life events.BackgroundResearchers have long pointed to the importance of intrahousehold family events as triggers for migration, yet few have detailed how choices over whether, when, and where to migrate are formed with reference to significant others outside of the household.MethodUtilizing geocoded register data for Norway, we identified intergenerational family networks comprising older parents (aged 55+) and their nonresident adult children living 20 km or more apart. We recorded the presence and location of various family ties, the occurrence of several life events, and analyzed their association with the propensity and direction of migration using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsApproximately 40% of all recorded migration events (≥20 km) were directed toward familial locations (i.e., within 10 km of a parent/adult child). The attractiveness of familial locations was strengthened by the colocation of multiple family members and increased with the emergence of life events typically linked to increased support‐needs (e.g., separation, widowhood, and childbirth). Beyond these general patterns, variations existed according to social class, immigrant background, and gender.ConclusionWith the estimated coefficients for nonresident family ties appearing larger than many conventional predictors of migration, we call for far more attention to be paid to the links between kinship networks, care provision, and migration in contemporary society.
The Process Affordances of Strategy Toolmaking when Addressing Wicked Problems
Authors: Burke Gary T. , Wolf Carola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudies have examined how managers use strategy tools, but we know much less about how managers create strategy tools de novo. We undertook an ethnographic study of a business facing a wicked problem and investigated the sociomaterial practice of collective toolmaking. We identify how strategy toolmaking oscillates between different problem domains and reveal how this manifests process affordances, which are ‘unintended’ by‐products of the toolmaking process. Counterintuitively, by intentionally making a strategic tool, actors unintentionally create a sociomaterial springboard for 'spin‐off strategizing' and ‘the discovery of latent ambiguities’, generating strategic value beyond the tool produced. These insights illuminate how the practice of collective toolmaking can stimulate wayfinding, indirectly helping managers to respond to wicked problems, characterized by high degrees of complexity, ambiguity, and indeterminacy.
Entrepreneurial Leadership as Creative Brokering: The Process and Practice of Co‐creating and Advancing Opportunity
Authors: Lingo Elizabeth Long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow does entrepreneurial leadership drive the process of forming and advancing opportunity? Drawing from an ethnographic field study of Nashville music producers, I develop a model of entrepreneurial leadership as creative brokering – the practices and process by which entrepreneurs lead and mobilize a complex network of actors in co‐creating and advancing opportunity. I find that entrepreneurial leaders encounter three tensions as they advance this process: 1) generating novel ideas and fitting them within the competitive landscape; 2) incubating opportunity and seizing the moment in the market; and 3) fostering experimentation and navigating hyper‐competition. I show when these tensions arise and identify six creative brokering practices through which leaders leverage their brokerage role to navigate these tensions in order to move opportunity forward. The paper offers a model of entrepreneurial leadership as creative brokering, extends extant creative brokering scholarship to consider more distal market actors, and shows how creative brokering and leadership towards creative outcomes involve iteratively stepping forward to infuse market perspective and exert control, and stepping back to let others shine and co‐create ideas.
miR‐454 performs tumor‐promoting effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma via reducing NR3C2
Authors: Guo Jing‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Kun , Lv Bo , Jin Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAberrant miRNAs expression regulates the occurrence and progression of a variety of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to illustrate the potential effects of miR‐454/nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) on the biological behaviors of OSCC cells.MethodsGEO database was applied to detect and analyze the expression of miR‐545 and NR3C2 in OSCC tissues. Two OSCC cell lines including CAL27 and Tca‐83 were utilized to determine the function of miR‐454/NR3C2 on OSCC cells biological behaviors. miR‐454 and NR3C2 expressions were regulated by miR‐454 mimic/inhibitor and pcDNA3.1‐NR3C2/si‐NR3C2, respectively. Cells biological behaviors were evaluated by cell proliferation, colony formation, and transwell assays.ResultsThe data collected from GEO database indicated that miR‐454 expression was upregulated in OSCC tissues; however, the expression of NR3C2 assumed a downward trend. In vitro experiments, the expression trend of miR‐454 in OSCC cell lines was consistent with that of the trend in tissues, and the OSCC cells growth and movement abilities significantly decreased after miR‐454 depletion. Through co‐transfection experiments, we explored that the abilities of OSCC cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration obviously reduced after miR‐454 depletion, but these phenomena were mitigated to some extent after NR3C2 silencing.ConclusionThe study illustrates that miR‐454 acts as an active regulator to facilitate OSCC cells growth, colony formation, invasion, and migration by targeting NR3C2, which may afford a novel perspective and possibility for the targeted treatment of OSCC.
Mental health stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Marjan , Awang Hamidin , Mirzaei Frahnaz 
Published: March 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?Four out of every five people with mental health disorders face stigma.Mental health and, consequently, mental health stigma are very common among youth living in the Middle East countries.Several studies have investigated mental health among adolescents in the Middle East, but studies on stigma are very scattered.There is no systematic review on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders across all the Middle East countries despite the common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area.What this paper adds to existing knowledge?This paper will aim to review and analyse the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders in the Middle East countries, from different aspects such as the age rang, kind of stigma and risk factors of stigma. The study will cover studies on all kinds of stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents up to 18 years old published between 2000 and 2019.The study terms are generally focused on four categories: (a) kinds of Stigma, (b) Mental health problems, (c) Age range and (d) Region of study population.What are the implications for practice?Increasing understanding and awareness of different angles of mental health stigma among adolescents may be helpful for better coping with this challenge.Understanding the nature of stigma may give adolescents the ability of ignoring it and avoid starting self‐stigma and/or stopping to seek help.AbstractIntroductionAlthough many epidemiological and interventional investigations regarding improving mental health among youth in the Middle East have been performed, there is no systematic review specifically analysing the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders (A‐MDs) across all Middle East countries despite their common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area.PurposeWe will aim to systematically review and analyse the English language studies on stigma among A‐MDs in the Middle East published between 2000 and 2019.MethodThe Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, PsycINFO and MEDLINE are electronic databases that will be included in this study. Furthermore, the bibliography lists of eligible articles will be manually searched for additional included articles. Descriptive statistics will be represented by mean score and standard deviation for continuous data and number/percentage for categorical data.DiscussionThis study may act as a resource for future studies attempting to assess and/or reduce stigma among children and adolescents with mental health issues specifically in the Middle East.ImplicationsIt is important for healthcare providers, including nursing professional, to improve their knowledge and vision towards stigma in their community. The outcomes of this study can be a shortcut reaching this information.
The efficacy of hepatitis B treatments in achieving HBsAg seroclearance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Alves , Ling Joanna Zhi Jie , Al‐Siyabi Omar , Co‐Tanko Vanessa , Chan Edwin , Lim Seng Gee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and interferon (IFN), but their relative efficacy as monotherapy or in combination has not been examined systematically for HBsAg loss (functional cure). Hence, we systematically reviewed the evidence for HBsAg loss in CHB patients treated with IFN, NA or the combination. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and abstracts from EASL, Asia Pacific Association for study of the Liver and American Association for the Study of Liver Disease for randomized controlled trials of CHB patients, comparing NA, IFN or the combination. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool v2.0 and GRADE method were used. Analyses were stratified by NA genetic barrier, cirrhosis, type of combination therapy, HBeAg, treatment naivety, IFN dosage/duration and outcome duration. Sensitivity analysis was performed for selected strata, and HBsAg loss was measured at the end‐of‐study (EOS), end‐of‐treatment (EOT) or end‐of‐follow‐up (EOF). Effects were reported as risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random‐effects model. Forty‐five studies were included, all with low risk of bias. For HBsAg loss at EOS, when comparing combination vs IFN, RD = 1%, 95%CI‐1%, 2%; combination vs NA, RD = 5%, 95%CI 3%,7%; IFN vs NA, RD = 3%, 95%CI 2%,5%. Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of standard IFN dose vs nonstandard; IFN duration ≥48 weeks vs <48 weeks, and loss of efficacy >2 years of follow‐up. Similar findings were seen in HBsAg seroconversion, but only three studies reported HBsAg seroreversion. In conclusion, IFN monotherapy/combination had a small but significant increase in HBsAg loss over NA, associated with standard dose of IFN and ≥48 weeks of therapy, although this effect faded over time.
Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections
Authors: Xu Ling , Liu Jia , Lu Mengji , Yang Dongliang , Zheng Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. The WHO has declared the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection an international public health emergency. Lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. Similarly, previous studies have shown that liver damage was common in the patients infected by the other two highly pathogenic coronavirus – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and associated with the severity of diseases. In this review, the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury caused by SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were summarized, which may provide help for further studies on the liver injury of COVID‐19.
International and multicenter real‐world study of sorafenib‐treated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma under dialysis
Authors: Díaz‐González Álvaro , Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , da Fonseca Leonardo G. , Di Costanzo Giovan G. , Alves Rogerio , Iavarone Massimo , Leal Cassia , Sacco Rodolfo , Matilla Ana M. , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Aballay Soteras Gabriel , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander , Pinter Matthias , Varela María , Ladekarl Morten , Chagas Aline L. , Mínguez Beatriz , Arenas Juan I. , Granito Alessandro , Sánchez‐Torrijos Yolanda , Rojas Ángela , Rodríguez de Lope Carlos , Alvares‐da‐Silva Mario R. , Pascual Sonia , Rimassa Lorenza , Lledó José L. , Huertas Carlos , Sangro Bruno , Giannini Edoardo G. , Delgado Manuel , Vergara Mercedes , Perelló Christie , Lue Alberto , Sala Margarita , Gallego Adolfo , Coll Susanna , Hernáez Tania , Piñero Federico , Pereira Gustavo , França Alex , Marín Juan , Anders Margarita , Mello Vivianne , Lozano Mar , Nault Jean C. , Menéndez Josemaría , García Juárez Ignacio , Bruix Jordi , Reig María 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsInformation on safety and efficacy of systemic treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) under dialysis are limited due to patient exclusion from clinical trials. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the rate, prevalence, tolerability, and outcome of sorafenib in this population.MethodsWe report a multicenter study comprising patients from Latin America and Europe. Patients treated with sorafenib were enrolled; demographics, dose modifications, adverse events (AEs), treatment duration, and outcome of patients undergoing dialysis were recorded.ResultsAs of March 2018, 6156 HCC patients were treated in 44 centres and 22 patients were concomitantly under dialysis (0.36%). The median age was 65.5 years, 40.9% had hepatitis C, 75% had Child‐Pugh A, and 85% were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer‐C. The median time to first dose modification, treatment duration and overall survival rate were 2.4 months (interquartile ranges [IQR], 0.8‐3.8), 10.8 months (IQR, 4.5‐16.9), and 17.5 months (95% CI, 7.2‐24.5), respectively. Seventeen patients required at least 1 dose modification. The main causes of first dose modification were asthenia/worsening of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group‐Performance Status and diarrhoea. At the time of death or last follow‐up, four patients were still on treatment and 18 had discontinued sorafenib: 14 were due to tumour progression, 2 were sorafenib‐related, and 2 were non‐sorafenib‐related AE.ConclusionsThe outcomes observed in this cohort seem comparable to those in the non‐dialysis population. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the largest and most informative dataset regarding systemic treatment outcomes in HCC patients undergoing dialysis.