bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of microarray B‐cell epitope mapping in food allergies: A systematic review
Authors: Sánchez‐Ruano Laura , de la Hoz Belén , Martínez‐Botas Javier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeptide microarray technology has been proposed as a useful tool for diagnosing food allergy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the clinical methods and analytical procedures used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic performance. We performed a systematic review of studies that have used B‐cell epitopes by peptide microarray in food allergies to identify the clinical utility of this immunologic technique.MethodsStudies were screened in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase according to an established keyword algorithm. Data extraction was performed, and information was collected in an Excel database. Descriptive analysis was carried out using Stata software.ResultsThirty relevant studies were identified. Most articles were cross‐sectional (n = 24), included epitope mapping (n = 9), and assessed diagnostic utility (n = 11). All studies recruited allergic patients, and some included additional patients (sensitized, persistent, and tolerant). The primary microarray variables studied were IgE intensity (n = 29), IgG4 intensity (n = 15), and number of peptides (n = 17). Statistical approaches differed significantly between studies, with the Wilcoxon test being the most frequently used (n = 10).ConclusionsSensitization to particular epitopes of milk, peanut, and shrimp allergens can be used to determine clinical reactivity, persistence, severity, or response to oral immunotherapy; however, important methodological questions need to be addressed before drawing definitive conclusions. More research is needed to address the accuracy and clinical benefits of microarray‐based technology. Standards are required to improve consistency and reproducibility, and to allow for better understanding of research findings.
Prediction of postnatal clinical course in primary congenital dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yamamoto Hidenori , Fukasawa Yoshie , Ohashi Naoki , Yokoyama Takehiko , Suzuki Kazutaka , Ota Takaya , Yasuda Kazushi , Omoya Kentaro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kato Taichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of postnatal prognosis using fetal and perinatal data in patients with primary congenital dilated cardiomyopathy (PCDCM), and to estimate the incidence of this disease.MethodsWe examined correlations between fetal or perinatal data and postnatal clinical course in a multicenter retrospective study of eight patients with PCDCM. Incidence was calculated in a population‐based study.ResultsAll patients developed heart failure at a median of 8 days (range, 0–43 days), and six patients died or required extracorporeal artificial heart therapy at a median of 67 days (range, 0–92 days). The cardiothoracic area ratio from fetal echocardiography, the Apgar score, and the standard deviation of birth weight correlated significantly with the date at onset of heart failure. However, no data correlated with survival. Cumulative incidence of PCDCM was calculated as 1.21 per 100 000 total births (95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 2.06).ConclusionsPrimary congenital dilated cardiomyopathy has a poor prognosis, but cardiothoracic area ratio from fetal echocardiography, body weight at birth, and Apgar score correlate with the timing of the onset of heart failure, and these indicators might therefore be useful for peri‐ and postnatal management.
Usefulness of the pediatric appendicitis score for assessing the severity of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Fujii Takayuki , Tanaka Aya , Katami Hiroto , Shimono Ryuichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated relationships between the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) and pathological progression and disease severity in pediatric acute appendicitis.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 72 children who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis. We divided them into groups: simple appendicitis (n = 28) or complicated appendicitis (n = 44). We compared the influence of age, body temperature, blood test findings, hospitalization period, number of complications, and PAS between the groups. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the PAS for diagnosing complicated appendicitis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to evaluate the cut‐off value for diagnosing complicated appendicitis. To assess the severity of acute appendicitis, we divided the patients into groups according to that cut‐off value.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the PAS between simple appendicitis and complicated appendicitis (5.8 versus 7.9). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a PAS cut‐off value of 8. A PAS ≥ 8 had a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 89%, a positive predictive value of 91%, and a negative predictive value of 68%. A PAS ≥ 8 was associated with significantly longer hospitalization and more complications than a PAS < 8.ConclusionsThe PAS may be associated with pathological progression and disease severity in appendicitis.
Neonatal behavior and social behavior and sensory issues in 18‐month toddlers
Authors: Tokunaga Akiko , Akiyama Tomitaro , Miyamura Tsunetake , Honda Sumihisa , Nakane Hideyuki , Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Tanaka Goro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere has long existed a need for early detection and early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to demonstrate, in a prospective manner, the relationship between behavioral features during the neonatal period and social behavior and sensory issues at 18 months.MethodsParticipants were 105 full‐term infants considered “healthy” by an obstetrician. The behavioral features of the infants were evaluated using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) between 2 and 7 days after birth. Follow‐up assessments were conducted 18 months later using a Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT‐JV) and the Infant / Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP).ResultsSixteen (15.2%) of the 105 infants were M‐CHAT‐JV‐positive. There were significant differences between the M‐CHAT‐JV‐positive and M‐CHAT‐JV‐negative groups in two of the NBAS clusters: orientation and motor. We observed a significant negative correlation between the NBAS orientation cluster and the ITSP “low registration” and “auditory processing” sections, as well as between the NBAS motor cluster and the ITSP “sensation avoiding” and “tactile processing” sections. Logistic regression analysis showed that the NBAS orientation cluster and ITSP low registration were significantly associated with the M‐CHAT‐JV at 18 months.ConclusionsThe results suggest a relationship between the NBAS orientation cluster in full‐term neonates and their social behavior and sensory features at 18 months.
Perceived social support mediates the association between attachment and cardiovascular reactivity in young adults
Authors: McMahon Grace , Creaven Ann‐Marie , Gallagher Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo understand the influence of social relationships on cardiovascular responses to stress, the present study investigated perceived affectionate support as a mediating variable explaining the association between specific attachment bonds (i.e., mother, father, partner, best friend) and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Utilizing a standardized stress testing protocol, 138 young adults completed measures of attachment and social support, with continuous cardiovascular measurements obtained using the Finometer Pro hemodynamic monitor. Results showed that the association between anxious and avoidant attachment and reactivity were mediated by perceived affectionate support; insecure attachment was linked to lower levels of perceived social support, which in turn was associated with lower CVR. For anxious attachment, this was noted only for mothers (SBP: B = −0.94, 95% CI [−1.94, −0.20]; DBP: B = −0.57, [−1.27, −0.10]), fathers (SBP: B = −0.72, [−1.42, −0.17]; DBP: B = −0.48, [−1.01, −0.13]), and best friends (SBP: B = −0.64, [−1.23, −0.18]; DBP: B = −0.40, [−0.81, −0.12]). For avoidant attachment, it was evident only for fathers (SBP: B = −0.70, [−1.33, −0.17]; DBP: B = −0.48, [−0.92, −0.15]) and partners (SBP: B = −0.78, [−1.64, −0.09]; DBP: B = −0.53, [−1.10, −0.11]). These findings suggest that insecure attachment is associated with lower levels of reactivity, which have been linked to negative health outcomes such as poor self‐reported health, depression, and obesity. Overall, this research expands on the support and relationship science literature by incorporating under‐researched aspects of social relationships (i.e., specific attachment styles) and focusing on the mechanisms by which they are associated with physiological stress responses.
Impact of the addition of azithromycin to antimalarials used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention on antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Hema‐Ouangraoua Soumeya , Aziz Maiga Abdoul , Cairns Matthew , Zongo Issaka , Frédéric Nikiema , Serge Yerbanga Rakiswendé , Tamboura Boubou , Badji Henry , Gore‐Langton Georgia , Kuepfer Irene , Tinto Halidou , Sagara Issaka , Dicko Alassane , Sow Samba O. , Chandrahoman Daniel , Greenwood Brian , Bosco Ouedraogo Jean 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveA trial was conducted in Burkina Faso and Mali to investigate whether addition of azithromycin to the antimalarials used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduces mortality and hospital admissions of children. We tested the sensitivity of nasal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained during this trial to azithromycin and other antibiotics.MethodsAzithromycin or placebo was administered monthly, in combination with the antimalarials used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention, for four months, over the annual malaria transmission seasons of 2014, 2015, and 2016. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2773 Burkinabe and 2709 Malian children on seven occasions: in July and December each year prior to and after drug administration, and at a final survey in early 2018. Pneumococci were isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs and tested for sensitivity to azithromycin and other antibiotics.ResultsA total of 5482 samples were collected. In Burkina Faso, the percentage of pneumococcal isolates resistant to azithromycin among children who had received it increased from 4.9% (95% CI: 2.4%, 9.9%) before the intervention to 25.6% (95% CI: 17.6%, 35.7%) afterward. In Mali, the increase was from 7.6% (95% CI: 3.8%, 14.4%) to 68.5% (95% CI: 55.1%, 79.4%). The percentage of resistant isolates remained elevated (17.7% (95% CI: 11.1%, 27.1%) in Burkina Faso and 19.1% (95% CI: 13.5%, 26.3%) in Mali) among children who had received azithromycin 1 year after stopping the intervention. An increase in resistance to azithromycin was also observed in children who had received a placebo but it was less marked.ConclusionAddition of azithromycin to the antimalarial combination used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention was associated with an increase in resistance of pneumococci to azithromycin and erythromycin, which persisted 1 year after the last administration of azithromycin.
Glycoside‐specific glycosyltransferases catalyze regio‐selective sequential glucosylations for a sesame lignan, sesaminol triglucoside
Authors: Ono Eiichiro , Waki Toshiyuki , Oikawa Daiki , Murata Jun , Shiraishi Akira , Toyonaga Hiromi , Kato Masako , Ogata Naoki , Takahashi Seiji , Yamaguchi Masa‐atsu , Horikawa Manabu , Nakayama Toru 
Published: October 2019

SummarySesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds contain a large number of lignans, phenylpropanoid‐related plant specialized metabolites. (+)‐Sesamin and (+)‐sesamolin are major hydrophobic lignans, whereas (+)‐sesaminol primarily accumulates as a water‐soluble sesaminol triglucoside (STG) with a sugar chain branched via β1→2 and β1→6‐O‐glucosidic linkages [i.e. (+)‐sesaminol 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside‐(1→6)‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside]. We previously reported that the 2‐O‐glucosylation of (+)‐sesaminol aglycon and β1→6‐O‐glucosylation of (+)‐sesaminol 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (SMG) are mediated by UDP‐sugar‐dependent glucosyltransferases (UGT), UGT71A9 and UGT94D1, respectively. Here we identified a distinct UGT, UGT94AG1, that specifically catalyzes the β1→2‐O‐glucosylation of SMG and (+)‐sesaminol 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucosyl‐(1→6)‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside [termed SDG(β1→6)]. UGT94AG1 was phylogenetically related to glycoside‐specific glycosyltransferases (GGTs) and co‐ordinately expressed with UGT71A9 and UGT94D1 in the seeds. The role of UGT94AG1 in STG biosynthesis was further confirmed by identification of a STG‐deficient sesame mutant that predominantly accumulates SDG(β1→6) due to a destructive insertion in the coding sequence of UGT94AG1. We also identified UGT94AA2 as an alternative UGT potentially involved in sugar–sugar β1→6‐O‐glucosylation, in addition to UGT94D1, during STG biosynthesis. Yeast two‐hybrid assays showed that UGT71A9, UGT94AG1, and UGT94AA2 were found to interact with a membrane‐associated P450 enzyme, CYP81Q1 (piperitol/sesamin synthase), suggesting that these UGTs are components of a membrane‐bound metabolon for STG biosynthesis. A comparison of kinetic parameters of these UGTs further suggested that the main β‐O‐glucosylation sequence of STG biosynthesis is β1→2‐O‐glucosylation of SMG by UGT94AG1 followed by UGT94AA2‐mediated β1→6‐O‐glucosylation. These findings together establish the complete biosynthetic pathway of STG and shed light on the evolvability of regio‐selectivity of sequential glucosylations catalyzed by GGTs.
Prognostic indicators in cats with septic peritonitis (2002–2015): 83 cases
Authors: Scotti Katherine Maria , Koenigshof Amy , Sri‐Jayantha Loren S.H. , Kato Michael , Bishop Micah , Barr James W. , Pashmakova Medora B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify physical exam findings, clinicopathological parameters, time to surgery, empirical antimicrobial use, and culture results that could be associated with outcome in cats with septic peritonitis (SP).DesignRetrospective cohort study of cats from 2002 to 2015.SettingFour university teaching hospitals.AnimalsEighty‐three cats diagnosed with SP by cytology or culture.InterventionsNoneMeasurements and Main ResultsFifty‐eight cats survived to discharge (69.9%); 1 cat was euthanized in surgery; 20 were euthanized postoperatively; 4 cats suffered cardiac arrest after surgery. The most common etiology of SP was secondary SP due to gastrointestinal perforation (49.4%), followed by primary SP (22.3%). Mean blood glucose concentration was significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = 0.006). Cats that received appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were 4.4 times more likely to survive than cats that did not receive appropriate antibiotics (P = 0.018).ConclusionsAs previously documented, SP secondary to gastrointestinal leakage was the most common etiology. In this population, cats with a higher blood glucose concentration on presentation had a worse prognosis. Cats that received appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy were more likely to survive.
Stribeck Curve Analysis of Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Cartilage and Disc
Authors: Middendorf Jill M. , Albahrani Shaden A. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases such as osteoarthritis and disc displacement have no permanent treatment options, but lubrication therapies, used in other joints, could be an effective alternative. However, the healthy TMJ contains fibrocartilage, not hyaline cartilage as is found in other joints. As such, the effect of lubrication therapies in the TMJ is unknown. Additionally, only a few studies have characterized the friction coefficient of the healthy TMJ. Like other cartilaginous tissues, the mandibular condyles and discs are subject to changes in friction coefficient due to fluid pressurization. In addition, the friction coefficients of the inferior joint space of the TMJ are affected by the sliding direction and anatomic location. However, these previous findings have not been able to identify how all three of these parameters (anatomic location, sliding direction, and fluid pressurization) influence changes in friction coefficient. This study used Stribeck curves to identify differences in the friction coefficients of mandibular condyles and discs based on anatomic location, sliding direction, and amount of fluid pressurization (friction mode). Friction coefficients were measured using a cartilage on glass tribometer. Both mandibular condyle and disc friction coefficients were well described by Stribeck curves (R2 range 0.87–0.97; p &lt; 0.0001). These curves changed based on anatomic location (Δμ ∼ 0.05), but very few differences in friction coefficients were observed based on sliding direction. Mandibular condyles had similar boundary mode and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients to the TMJ disc (μmin ∼ 0.009 to 0.19) and both were lower than hyaline cartilage in other joints (e.g., knee, ankle, etc.). The observed differences here indicate that the surface characteristics of each anatomic region cause differences in friction coefficients.
Effect of Deterministic and Continuous Design Space Resolution on Multiple-Objective Combustor Optimization
Authors: Briones Alejandro M. , Rumpfkeil Markus P. , Thomas Nathan R. , Rankin Brent A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Supervised machine learning is used to classify a continuous and deterministic design space into a nondominated Pareto frontier and dominated design points. The effect of the initial training data quantity on the Pareto frontier and output parameter sensitivity is explored. The study is performed with the optimization of a subsonic small-scale cavity-stabilized combustor. A 3D geometry is created and parameterized using computer aided design (CAD) that is combined with a software for meshing, which automatically transfers grids and boundary conditions to the solver and postprocessing tool. Steady, compressible three-dimensional simulations are conducted employing a multiphase Realizable k–ε Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) physics with an adiabatic flamelet progress variable (FPV) model. The near-wall turbulence modeling is computed with scalable wall functions (SWFs). For each computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, four levels of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) are utilized on the original cut-cell grid. There are 15 geometrical input parameters and three output parameters, viz., a pattern factor proxy, a combustion efficiency proxy, and total pressure loss (TPL). Three times the number of input parameters plus one (48) is necessary to yield an optimization independent of the initial sampling. This conclusion is drawn by examining and comparing the Pareto frontiers and global sensitivities. However, the latter provides a better metric. The relative influence of the input parameters on the outputs is assessed by Spearman's order-rank correlation and an active subspace analysis. Some persistent geometric features for nondominated designs are also discussed.
Exact Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Beam With a Nonlinear Vibration Absorber and With Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Bukhari Mohammad , Barry Oumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the nonlinear vibration of a beam with an attached grounded and ungrounded nonlinear vibration absorber (NVA) using the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of the loaded beam. The nonlinearity in the beam is due to midplane stretching and that in the NVA is of cubic stiffness nonlinearity. We consider various boundary conditions and derive their closed-form characteristic equations and mode shapes. The method of multiple scales (MMS) is directly applied to the nonlinear partial differential equations of motion to obtain explicit expressions of the nonlinear frequency, modulation, and loci of the saddle-node bifurcation equations. Our analytical approach is validated using direct numerical simulation. Parametric studies demonstrate that the performance of the NVA does not only depend on its key design variables and location, but also on the boundary conditions, midplane stretching of the beam, and type of configuration (i.e., grounded NVA versus ungrounded NVA). Our analysis also indicates that the use of common approach such as employing approximate modes in estimating the nonlinear response of a loaded beam produces significant error (i.e., up to 1200% in some case). These observations suggest that the exact modes shape and natural frequencies are required for a precise investigation of the nonlinear dynamic of loaded beams. These findings could contribute to the design improvement of NVAs, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), energy harvesters, and metastructures.
A Unifying Framework for Probabilistic Validation Metrics
Authors: Gardner Paul , Lord Charles , Barthorpe Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Probabilistic modeling methods are increasingly being employed in engineering applications. These approaches make inferences about the distribution for output quantities of interest. A challenge in applying probabilistic computer models (simulators) is validating output distributions against samples from observational data. An ideal validation metric is one that intuitively provides information on key differences between the simulator output and observational distributions, such as statistical distances/divergences. Within the literature, only a small set of statistical distances/divergences have been utilized for this task; often selected based on user experience and without reference to the wider variety available. As a result, this paper offers a unifying framework of statistical distances/divergences, categorizing those implemented within the literature, providing a greater understanding of their benefits, and offering new potential measures as validation metrics. In this paper, two families of measures for quantifying differences between distributions, that encompass the existing statistical distances/divergences within the literature, are analyzed: f-divergence and integral probability metrics (IPMs). Specific measures from these families are highlighted, providing an assessment of current and new validation metrics, with a discussion of their merits in determining simulator adequacy, offering validation metrics with greater sensitivity in quantifying differences across the range of probability mass.