bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Inner Retinal Cells after Intense and Constant Light Exposure in Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Gupta Chandan L. , Nag Tapas C. , Jha Kumar Abhiram , Kathpalia Poorti , Maurya Meenakshi , Kumar Pankaj , Gupta Sneha , Roy Tara S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLight insult causes photoreceptor death. Few studies reported that continuous exposure to light affects horizontal, Müller and ganglion cells. We aimed to see the effect of constant light exposure on bipolar and amacrine cells. Adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to 300 or 3000 lux for 7 days in 12‐h light: 12‐h dark cycles (12L:12D). The latter group was then exposed to 24L:0D for 48 h to induce significant damage. The same animals were reverted to 300 lux and reared for 15 days in 12L:12D cycles. They were sacrificed on different days to find the degree of retinal recovery, if any, from light injury. Besides photoreceptor death, continuous light for 48 h resulted in downregulation of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in cone bipolar cells (CBC). Rod bipolar cells (RBC) maintained an unaltered pattern of PKC‐α expression. Upon reversal, there were increased expressions of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in CBC, while RBC showed an increasing trend of PKC‐α expression. The data show that damage in bipolar and amacrine cells after exposure to intense, continuous light can be ameliorated upon reversal to normal LD cycles to which the animals were initially acclimated to.
Capitalism and Christian theology
Authors: Rieger Joerg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChristian theologians who study capitalism with a critical lens have argued that capitalist economics is not just a matter of finance or politics but tends to shape people all the way to the core, including religious beliefs and practices. Different theological approaches not only differ in how they conceive of the relation of religion and capitalism, they also differ in their evaluations of capitalism itself. While some Christian theologians endorse capitalism, others offer critical reflections and propose alternative economic systems, rooted in Christian traditions and practices as well as in broad historical and cultural shifts. Challenges include questions about the neoliberal turn in economics, the role of corporations, economic deregulation, competition and community, the reality of scarcity, the development of financial capitalism, as well as the relation of religion and labor, and the location of agency.
Bedforms on the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes: New insights gained from high resolution seafloor surveys
Authors: Casalbore Daniele , Clare Michael A. , Pope Ed L. , Quartau Rui , Bosman Alessandro , Chiocci Francesco L. , Romagnoli Claudia , Santos Rùben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA comparative analysis of bedform fields along the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes, characterized by different morpho‐structural settings, volcanic and meteo‐marine regimes (Vanuatu, Kermadec, Bismark, Madeira and Aeolian archipelagos), is presented here to provide insights on the size distribution, morpho‐dynamic and genesis of such bedforms. Two main types of bedforms are recognized according to their size, location and preconditioning/triggering processes. Small‐scale bedforms have wavelengths of tens to hundreds of metres and wave heights of metres. Because of their small‐size, they are typically not recognizable at water depths greater than 400 m from vessel‐mounted bathymetric surveys. Few examples of small‐scale bedforms are reported from upper volcanic flanks, where steep gradients commonly hinder their formation. Their recognition is mostly limited to the thalweg of shallow and flat‐bottomed channels that carve the insular shelf on slope gradients <15°. Small‐scale bedforms are mostly related to erosional–depositional processes due to sedimentary gravity flows that are often the result of a cascading effect between volcanic and non‐volcanic processes (for example, flood discharges and retrogressive landslides). Large‐scale bedforms occur at all water depths, having wavelengths of hundreds/thousands of metres and wave heights up to few hundreds of metres. The origin of large bedforms is more difficult to ascertain, especially if only bathymetric data are available. Some diagnostic criteria are presented to distinguish between bedforms associated with landslide deposits and those associated with density currents. In this latter case, relevant sediment sources and slope gradients (<8°) are key factors for bedform development. Erosional–depositional bedforms are typically related to eruption‐fed density flows formed during large caldera collapses or to large turbidity flows. Bedforms generated by turbidity flows are often observed in the lower volcanic flanks, where an abrupt decrease of gradients is present, often matching a change from confined to unconfined settings. In summary, this study provides insights to interpret bedforms in modern and ancient marine volcaniclastic settings elsewhere.
Forecasting National Medal Totals at the Summer Olympic Games Reconsidered
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Andreff Wladimir , Bonnal Liliane , Andreff Madeleine , Favard Pascal 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis article aims at explaining national medal totals at the 1992–2016 Summer Olympic Games (n = 1,289 observations) and forecasting them in 2016 (based on 1992–2012 data) and 2020 with a set of variables similar to previous studies, as well as a regional (subcontinents) variable not tested previously in the literature in English.MethodEconometric testing not only resorts to a Tobit model as usual but also to a Hurdle model.ResultsMost variables have a significant impact on national team medal totals; it appears to be negative for most regions other than North America except Western Europe and Oceania (not significant). Then, two models (Tobit and Hurdle) are implemented to forecast national medal totals at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.ConclusionBoth models are complementary for the 2016 forecast. The 2020 forecast is consistent with Olympic Medals Predictions, although some striking differences are found.
Editors’ Review and Introduction: Lying in Logic, Language, and Cognition
Authors: van Ditmarsch Hans , Hendriks Petra , Verbrugge Rineke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe some recent trends in research on lying from a multidisciplinary perspective, including logic, philosophy, linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, behavioral economics, and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we outline the seven contributions to this special issue of topiCS.
Identification of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs in Korea
Authors: Lim Yun‐Ji , Hyun Jae‐Eun , Hwang Cheol‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major bacterial species associated with canine pyoderma and otitis. Fusidic acid is used to treat skin infections caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. The incidence of resistance to fusidic acid in S. pseudintermedius has importance in terms of limiting treatment options for bacterial infections.Hypothesis/objectivesTo evaluate the occurrence and mechanisms of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius.AnimalsFifty‐two S. pseudintermedius isolates were collected from dogs with pyoderma (n = 36) or otitis (n = 16).Methods and materialsThe disk diffusion method determined that isolates <24 mm were resistant to fusidic acid. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured by the E‐test in those with confirmed resistance to fusidic acid by the disk diffusion method. Phenotypically fusidic acid resistant isolates were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of resistance‐related genes (fusA, fusB, fusC and fusD) and fusA was further sequenced to identify point mutations.ResultsFourteen of 52 (27%) S. pseudintermedius isolates were resistant to fusidic acid and all of these showed low‐level resistance. Among fusidic acid resistant isolates, fusA point mutations were confirmed in 11 isolates and amino acid substitutions were found in five. fusC was detected in seven isolates, but neither fusB nor fusD was detected.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study demonstrates the occurrence and resistance mechanisms to fusidic acid in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius. Continuous monitoring for fusidic acid resistance is recommended.
Glucose homeostasis is impaired in mice deficient in the neuropeptide 26RFa (QRFP)
Authors: El-Mehdi Mouna , Takhlidjt Saloua , Khiar Fayrouz , Prévost Gaëtan , do Rego Jean-Luc , do Rego Jean-Claude , Benani Alexandre , Nedelec Emmanuelle , Godefroy David , Arabo Aranaud , Lefranc Benjamin , Leprince Jérôme , Anouar Youssef , Chartrel Nicolas , Picot Marie 
Published: February 2020

Introduction26RFa (pyroglutamyl RFamide peptide (QRFP)) is a biologically active peptide that has been found to control feeding behavior by stimulating food intake, and to regulate glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the impact of 26RFa gene knockout on the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism.Research design and methods26RFa mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination, in which the entire coding region of prepro26RFa was replaced by the iCre sequence. Energy and glucose metabolism was evaluated through measurement of complementary parameters. Morphological and physiological alterations of the pancreatic islets were also investigated.ResultsOur data do not reveal significant alteration of energy metabolism in the 26RFa-deficient mice except the occurrence of an increased basal metabolic rate. By contrast, 26RFa mutant mice exhibited an altered glycemic phenotype with an increased hyperglycemia after a glucose challenge associated with an impaired insulin production, and an elevated hepatic glucose production. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional immunohistochemical experiments indicate that the insulin content of pancreatic β cells is much lower in the 26RFa−/−mice as compared with the wild-type littermates.ConclusionDisruption of the 26RFa gene induces substantial alteration in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, with in particular a deficit in insulin production by the pancreatic islets. These findings further support the notion that 26RFa is an important regulator of glucose homeostasis.
Online patient feedback as a measure of quality in primary care: a multimethod study using correlation and qualitative analysis
Authors: Boylan Anne-Marie , Turk Amadea , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Powell John 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo ascertain the relationship between online patient feedback and the General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) and the Friends and Family Test (FFT). To consider the potential benefit it may add by describing the content of public reviews found on NHS Choices for all general practices in one Clinical Commissioning Group in England.DesignMultimethod study using correlation and thematic analysis.Setting1396 public online reviews and ratings on NHS Choices for all General Practices (n=70) in Oxfordshire Clinical Commissioning Group in England.ResultsSignificant moderate correlations were found between the online patient feedback and the GPPS and the FFT. Three themes were developed through the qualitative analysis: (1) online feedback largely provides positive reinforcement for practice staff; (2) online feedback is used as a platform for suggesting service organisation and delivery improvements; (3) online feedback can be a source of insight into patients’ expectations of care. These themes illustrate the wide range of topics commented on by patients, including their medical care, relationships with various members of staff, practice facilities, amenities and services in primary care settings.ConclusionsThis multimethod study demonstrates that online feedback found on NHS Choices is significantly correlated with established measures of quality in primary care. This suggests it has a potential use in understanding patient experience and satisfaction, and a potential use in quality improvement and patient safety. The qualitative analysis shows that this form of feedback contains helpful information about patients’ experiences of general practice that provide insight into issues of quality and patient safety relevant to primary care. Health providers should offer patients multiple ways of offering feedback, including online, and should have systems in place to respond to and act on this feedback.
Timeliness of signal detection for adverse events following influenza vaccination in young children: a simulation case study
Authors: Jacoby Peter , Glover Catherine , Damon Chloe , Fathima Parveen , Pillsbury Alexis , Durrheim David , Gold Michael S , Leeb Alan , Snelling Tom 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo determine how soon after commencement of the seasonal influenza vaccination programme, the AusVaxSafety active vaccine safety surveillance system, currently in use across Australia, would have detected a safety signal had it been operating in 2010 when there was an unprecedented number of febrile seizures in young children associated with one specific influenza vaccine brand, Fluvax (CSL Biotherapies).DesignSimulation study.SettingWestern Australian vaccine influenza coverage and adverse event surveillance data.Outcome measuresSimulated solicited responses from caregivers who would have received an SMS survey about adverse events experienced following seasonal influenza vaccination of their children aged 6 months to <5 years.ParticipantsNone.ResultsWe estimated a >90% probability of a safety signal being detected by AusVaxSafety based on solicited reports for either fever or medical attendance at or before the week ending 28 March 2010, 3 weeks after the start of vaccine distribution. Suspension of the national paediatric influenza vaccination programme as a result of the passive adverse events surveillance operating at the time did not occur until 23 April 2010.ConclusionsActive vaccine safety surveillance leading to rapid detection of a safety signal would likely have resulted in earlier suspension of Fluvax from the vaccination programme, prevention of many febrile convulsions and maintenance of public confidence in influenza vaccination for young children.
Burns in Nepal: a participatory, community survey of burn cases and knowledge, attitudes and practices to burn care and prevention in three rural municipalities
Authors: Phuyal Kamal , Ogada Edna Adhiambo , Bendell Richard , Price Patricia E , Potokar Tom 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesAs part of an ongoing, long-term project to co-create burn prevention strategies in Nepal, we collected baseline data to share and discuss with the local community, use as a basis for a co-created prevention strategy and then monitor changes over time. This paper reports on the method and outcomes of the baseline survey and demonstrates how the data are presented back to the community.DesignA community-based survey.SettingCommunity based in three rural municipalities in Nepal.Participants1305 households were approached: the head of 1279 households participated, giving a response rate of 98%. In 90.3% of cases, the head of the household was male.ResultsWe found that 2.7% (CI 1.8 to 3.7) of 1279 households, from three representative municipalities, reported at least one serious burn in the previous 12 months: a serious burn was defined as one requiring medical attention and/or inability to work or do normal activities for 24 hours. While only 4 paediatric and 10 adult cases in the previous 12 months reached hospital care, the impact on the lives of those involved was profound. Only one patient was referred on from primary to secondary/tertiary care; the average length of hospital stay for those presenting directly to secondary/tertiary care was 21 days. A range of first-aid behaviours were used, many of which are appropriate for the local context while a few may be potentially harmful (eg, the use of dung).ConclusionThe participatory approach used in this study ensured a high response rate. We have demonstrated that infographics can link the pathway for each of the cases observed from initial incident to final location of care.
Care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by prehospital emergency medical service clinicians: a scoping review
Authors: Pearce James , Peters Micah , May Nikki , Marshall Helen , Hein Cindy , Grantham Hugh 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the literature to identify the scope, depth, key concepts and gaps in the evidence regarding care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians.DesignScoping review. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guideline.Eligibility criteriaSources which focused on patients with invasive meningococcal disease (population), where the care of EMS clinicians was the focus (concept), in EMS systems worldwide (context) were eligible for inclusion.Search strategyThis review utilised a comprehensive search strategy including MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ‘grey’ literature databases from 1992 to January 2019. The search also included a Google search, a hand-search of relevant journals, screening of reference lists, contact with authors of included sources and use of social media in an attempt to locate all sources of evidence which fit the inclusion criteria of the review. Two reviewers independently screened sources for inclusion.ResultsThe search yielded 1803 unique records, of which 10 were included in the synthesis. No original research papers were identified, with all sources classed as either clinical audit or text and opinion literature. The dominant concept throughout the literature is that early antibiotic therapy is critical in the treatment of invasive meningococcal disease.ConclusionsOverall, there is a very narrow scope and shallow depth of literature on the topic of interest. There are gaps in the evidence regarding the care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by EMS clinicians. Despite these shortfalls, current consensus-based guidelines should direct clinical practice. Further research is planned to bridge the gaps in knowledge to support best practice.
Effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in older adults: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Wolfe Dianna , Corace Kimberly , Rice Danielle , Smith Andra , Kanji Salmaan , Conn David , Willows Melanie , Garber Gary E , Puxty John , Moghadam Esther , Skidmore Becky , Garritty Chantelle , Thavorn Kednapa , Moher David , Hutton Brian 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionWith its legalisation and regulation in Canada in 2018, the proportion of Canadians reporting cannabis use in 2019 increased substantially over the previous year, with half of new users being aged 45+ years. While use in older adults has been low historically, as those born in the 1950s and 1960s continue to age, this demographic will progressively have more liberal attitudes, prior cannabis exposure and higher use rates. However, older adults experience slower metabolism, increased likelihood of polypharmacy, cognitive decline and chronic physical/mental health problems. There is a need to enhance knowledge of the effects of cannabis use in older adults. The following question will be addressed using a scoping review approach: what evidence exists regarding beneficial and harmful effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in adults >50 years of age? Given that beneficial and harmful effects of cannabis may be mediated by patient-level (eg, age, sex and race) and cannabis-related factors (eg, natural vs synthetic, consumption method), subgroup effects related to these and additional factors will be explored.Methods and analysisMethods for scoping reviews outlined by Arksey & O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A librarian designed a systematic search of the literature from database inception to June 2019. Using the OVID platform, Ovid MEDLINE will be searched, including Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase Classic+Embase, and PsycINFO for reviews, randomised trials, non-randomised trials and observational studies of cannabis use. The Cochrane Library on Wiley will also be searched. Eligibility criteria will be older adult participants, currently using cannabis (medical or non-medical), with studies required to report a cannabis-related health outcome to be eligible. Two reviewers will screen citations and full texts, with support from artificial intelligence. Two reviewers will chart data. Tables/graphics will be used to map evidence and identify evidence gaps.Ethics and disseminationThis research will enhance awareness of existing evidence addressing the health effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in older adults. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and a stakeholder meeting.Trial registration numberDOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/5JTAQ.
Comparison of incidence rates and risk factors of heart failure between two male cohorts born 30 years apart
Authors: Ergatoudes Constantinos , Hansson Per-Olof , Svärdsudd Kurt , Rosengren Annika , Östgärd Thunström Erik , Caidahl Kenneth , Pivodic Aldina , Fu Michael 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare two cohorts of middle-aged men from the general population born 30 years apart for incidence and predictors of heart failure (HF).MethodsTwo population samples of men, born in 1913 (n=855) and in 1943 (n=797), were examined at 50 years of age and followed up for 21 years (1963–1994 and 1993–2014). Cox regression analysis was used to examine the impact of different factors on the risk of developing HF.ResultsEighty men born in 1913 (9.4%) and 42 men born in 1943 (5.3%) developed HF during follow-up; adjusted HRs comparing the two cohorts (born 1943 vs 1913) were: 0.46 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.74, p=0.002). In both cohorts, higher body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, onset of either atrial fibrillation (AF), ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were associated with higher risk of HF. Higher heart rate was associated with an increased risk only in men born in 1913, whereas higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking, higher glucose, higher cholesterol and physical inactivity were associated with an increased risk in men born in 1943. AF contributed higher risk of incident HF, whereas SBP and physical inactivity contributed lower risk in men born in 1943 compared with men born in 1913.ConclusionsMen born in 1943 had half the risk of HF after their 50s than those born 30 years earlier. AF, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension remain important precursors of HF.