bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actionable health app evaluation: translating expert frameworks into objective metrics
Authors: Lagan Sarah , Aquino Patrick , Emerson Margaret R. , Fortuna Karen , Walker Robert , Torous John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs use and availability of mobile health apps have increased, so too has the need for a thorough, accessible framework for app evaluation. The American Psychiatric Association’s app evaluation model has emerged as a way to critically assess an app by considering accessibility, privacy and security, clinical foundation, engagement, and interoperability; however, there is no centralized database where users can view how various health apps perform when assessed via the APA model. In this perspective, we propose and outline our effort to translate the APA’s model for the evaluation of health apps into a set of objective metrics that can be published online, making the framework actionable and accessible to a broad audience. The questions from the APA model were operationalized into 105 objective questions that are either binary or numeric. These questions serve as the foundation of an online database, where app evaluation consists of answering these 105 questions and can be crowdsourced. While the database has yet to be published and crowdsourced, initial internal testing demonstrated excellent interrater reliability. The database proposed here introduces a public and interactive approach to data collection that is guided by the APA model. The published product enables users to sort through the many mobile health apps and filter them according to individual preferences and priorities, making the ever-growing health app market more navigable.
Predictably unequal: understanding and addressing concerns that algorithmic clinical prediction may increase health disparities
Authors: Paulus Jessica K. , Kent David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe machine learning community has become alert to the ways that predictive algorithms can inadvertently introduce unfairness in decision-making. Herein, we discuss how concepts of algorithmic fairness might apply in healthcare, where predictive algorithms are being increasingly used to support decision-making. Central to our discussion is the distinction between algorithmic fairness and algorithmic bias. Fairness concerns apply specifically when algorithms are used to support polar decisions (i.e., where one pole of prediction leads to decisions that are generally more desired than the other), such as when predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources to a group of patients that could all benefit. We review different fairness criteria and demonstrate their mutual incompatibility. Even when models are used to balance benefits-harms to make optimal decisions for individuals (i.e., for non-polar decisions)–and fairness concerns are not germane–model, data or sampling issues can lead to biased predictions that support decisions that are differentially harmful/beneficial across groups. We review these potential sources of bias, and also discuss ways to diagnose and remedy algorithmic bias. We note that remedies for algorithmic fairness may be more problematic, since we lack agreed upon definitions of fairness. Finally, we propose a provisional framework for the evaluation of clinical prediction models offered for further elaboration and refinement. Given the proliferation of prediction models used to guide clinical decisions, developing consensus for how these concerns can be addressed should be prioritized.
Opportunities and challenges for assigning cofactors in cryo-EM density maps of chlorophyll-containing proteins
Authors: Gisriel Christopher J. , Wang Jimin , Brudvig Gary W. , Bryant Donald A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe accurate assignment of cofactors in cryo-electron microscopy maps is crucial in determining protein function. This is particularly true for chlorophylls (Chls), for which small structural differences lead to important functional differences. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of Chl-containing protein complexes exemplify the difficulties in distinguishing Chl b and Chl f from Chl a. We use these structures as examples to discuss general issues arising from local resolution differences, properties of electrostatic potential maps, and the chemical environment which must be considered to make accurate assignments. We offer suggestions for how to improve the reliability of such assignments.
Integrating multiple materials science projects in a single neural network
Authors: Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn data-intensive science, machine learning plays a critical role in processing big data. However, the potential of machine learning has been limited in the field of materials science because of the difficulty in treating complex real-world information as a digital language. Here, we propose to use graph-shaped databases with a common format to describe almost any materials science experimental data digitally, including chemical structures, processes, properties, and natural languages. The graphs can express real world’s data with little information loss. In our approach, a single neural network treats the versatile materials science data collected from over ten projects, whereas traditional approaches require individual models to be prepared to process each individual database and property. The multitask learning of miscellaneous factors increases the prediction accuracy of parameters synergistically by acquiring broad knowledge in the field. The integration is beneficial for developing general prediction models and for solving inverse problems in materials science.
An APEX survey of outflow and infall toward the youngest protostars in Orion
Authors: Nagy Z. , Menechella A. , Megeath S. T. , Tobin J. J. , Booker J. J. , Fischer W. J. , Manoj P. , Stanke T. , Stutz A. , Wyrowski F. 
Published: July 2020

Aims. We aim to characterize the outflow properties of a sample of early Class 0 phase low-mass protostars in Orion, which were first identified by the Herschel Space Observatory. We also look for signatures of infall in key molecular lines.
Methods. Maps of CO J = 3–2 and J = 4–3 toward 16 very young Class 0 protostars were obtained using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope. We searched the data for line wings indicative of outflows and calculated masses, velocities, and dynamical times for the outflows. We used additional HCO+, H13CO+, and NH3 lines to look for infall signatures toward the protostars.
Results. We estimate the outflow masses, forces, and mass-loss rates based on the CO J = 3–2 and J = 4–3 line intensities for eight sources with detected outflows. We derive upper limits for the outflow masses and forces of sources without clear outflow detections. The total outflow masses for the sources with clear outflow detections are in the range between 0.03 and 0.16 M⊙ for CO J = 3–2 and between 0.02 and 0.10 M⊙ for CO J = 4–3. The outflow forces are in the range between 1.57 × 10−4 and 1.16 × 10−3 M⊙ km s−1 yr−1 for CO J = 3–2 and between 1.14 × 10−4 and 6.92 × 10−4 M⊙ km s−1 yr−1 for CO J = 4–3. Nine protostars in our sample show asymmetric line profiles indicative of infall in HCO+, compared to H13CO+ or NH3.
Conclusions. The outflow forces of the protostars in our sample show no correlation with the bolometric luminosity, unlike those found by some earlier studies for other Class 0 protostars. The derived outflow forces for the sources with detected outflows are similar to those found for other, more evolved, Class 0 protostars, suggesting that outflows develop quickly in the Class 0 phase.
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs
Authors: Cifuentes C. , Caballero J. A. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Montes D. , Abellán F. J. , Dorda R. , Holgado G. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Morales J. C. , Amado P. J. , Passegger V. M. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Schweitzer A. , Seifert W. , Solano E. 
Published: July 2020

Context. The relevance of M dwarfs in the search for potentially habitable Earth-sized planets has grown significantly in the last years.
Aims. In our on-going effort to comprehensively and accurately characterise confirmed and potential planet-hosting M dwarfs, in particular for the CARMENES survey, we have carried out a comprehensive multi-band photometric analysis involving spectral energy distributions, luminosities, absolute magnitudes, colours, and spectral types, from which we have derived basic astrophysical parameters.
Methods. We have carefully compiled photometry in 20 passbands from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared, and combined it with the latest parallactic distances and close-multiplicity information, mostly from Gaia DR2, of a sample of 2479 K5 V to L8 stars and ultracool dwarfs, including 2210 nearby, bright M dwarfs. For this, we made extensive use of Virtual Observatory tools.
Results. We have homogeneously computed accurate bolometric luminosities and effective temperatures of 1843 single stars, derived their radii and masses, studied the impact of metallicity, and compared our results with the literature. The over 40 000 individually inspected magnitudes, together with the basic data and derived parameters of the stars, individual and averaged by spectral type, have been made public to the astronomical community. In addition, we have reported 40 new close multiple systems and candidates (ρ <  3.3 arcsec) and 36 overluminous stars that are assigned to young Galactic populations.
Conclusions. In the new era of exoplanet searches around M dwarfs via transit (e.g. TESS, PLATO) and radial velocity (e.g. CARMENES, NIRPS+HARPS), this work is of fundamental importance for stellar and therefore planetary parameter determination.
Gaia-DR2 extended kinematical maps
Authors: Chrobáková Ž. , López-Corredoira M. , Sylos Labini F. , Wang H.-F. , Nagy R. 
Published: July 2020

Context.Recent statistical deconvolution methods have produced extended kinematical maps in a range of heliocentric distances that are a factor of two to three larger than those analysed in Gaia Collaboration (2018, A&A, 616, A11) based on the same data.Aims.In this paper, we use such maps to derive the rotation curve both in the Galactic plane and in off-plane regions and to analyse the density distribution.Methods.By assuming stationary equilibrium and axisymmetry, we used the Jeans equation to derive the rotation curve. Then we fit it with density models that include both dark matter and predictions of the MOND (Modified Newtonian dynamics) theory. Since the Milky Way exhibits deviations from axisymmetry and equilibrium, we also considered corrections to the Jeans equation. To compute such corrections, we ran N-body experiments of mock disk galaxies where the departure from equilibrium becomes larger as a function of the distance from the centre.Results.The rotation curve in the outer disk of the Milky Way that is constructed with the Jeans equation exhibits very low dependence onRandzand it is well-fitted both by dark matter halo and MOND models. The application of the Jeans equation for deriving the rotation curve, in the case of the systems that deviate from equilibrium and axisymmetry, introduces systematic errors that grow as a function of the amplitude of the average radial velocity. In the case of the Milky Way, we can observe that the amplitude of the radial velocity reaches ∼10% that of the azimuthal one atR ≈ 20 kpc. Based on this condition, using the rotation curve obtained from the Jeans equation to calculate the mass may overestimate its measurement.
Aktuelle Betrachtung der Tonsillektomie und Tonsillotomie
Authors: Geißler Katharina , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat is right? Tonsillotomy or tonsillectomy? Moreover, when and what has to be preferred? Is the discussion never ending? No, and this is good. Tonsil surgery is and will remain a frequent surgical procedure for the otolaryngologist. Especially, because many children are operated, and because – also rare – significant complications can occur, a quality-controlled benefit-risk-analysis is important. Part of this is systematic analysis of the evidence of the benefits and risks of tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy, as it was performed recently by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG) by order of the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G-BA). One result was the implementation of the tonsillotomy as a regular service paid by the insurance companies. Nevertheless, the discussion is not yet concluded. Actually, a randomized controlled trial is in preparation sponsored by the G-BA to proof the non-inferiority of tonsillotomy against tonsillectomy for the treatment of patients with recurrent acute tonsillitis. The present article on ENT specialist knowledge should put the reader, especially ENT residents, in a position to advice patients and their relatives on the pros and cons of tonsil surgery.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Infektiologie
Authors: Khatamzas Elham , Rothe Camilla , Kroidl Inge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe control and management of infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus requires multidisciplinary work between specialists on all levels. This article aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of COVID-19 from the view of infectious diseases physicians including all the uncertainties of our understanding of the pathogenesis and immunity.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Stecher Stephanie-Susanne , Stemmler Hans Joachim , Eichenauer Dennis , Kochanek Matthias , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Böll Boris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractApprox. 93 % of COVID-19 infections are mild, and not all severely ill patients are transferred to the intensive care unit. But the Corona crisis implies high demands on intensive care medicine. Many treatment modalities of COVID patients are “best practice”, but some aspects remain unclear at present. This article deals with diagnostics, monitoring and therapy with COVID-19 patients in intensive care units and with a suitable hygiene concepts.A hygiene concept is obligatory and must ensure – in addition to general measures – the training of employees and the hygienic discharge of material. Ideally, a cohort isolation is implemented.Monitoring of patients with COVID-19 is not different from other intensive care patients and should be adapted to the clinical situation of the individual patient. In laboratory analysis the typical abnormality of COVID-19 patients should be taken into account. In case of increasing inflammatory parameters, fungal infections should be tested.Due to the formation of aerosols, disconnection of the respiratory system must be avoided in invasive ventilation. If a disconnection from the respirator is necessary, the tube should be disconnected. After extubation, an intermittent NIV treatment for atelectase prophylaxis can be performed.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Kardiologie
Authors: Weckbach Ludwig T. , Kellnar Antonia , Stremmel Christopher , Stark Konstantin , Kääb Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly spread around the world and has led to a substantial morbidity and mortality in many countries. Although Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory tract infection, there is growing evidence that other organs including the cardiovascular system are affected by COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the association of myocardial injury with in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms of myocardial injury including myocarditis and vascular thrombosis. Last, we review the current evidence on drugs which have been evaluated or are currently tested for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Migräne in der Pubertät
Authors: Pothmann Raymund 
Published: July 2020

SummaryKeine andere Gesundheitsstörung kommt bei Schülerinnen und Schülern so häufig vor, wie Kopfschmerzen. Migräne ist dabei mit dem höchsten Leidensdruck verbunden. Die differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung muss symptomatische Kopfschmerzen sicher ausschließen. Eine ausführliche Anamnese unter Einschluss psychosozialer Aspekte, eine kinderneurologische Untersuchung, sowie eine ophthalmologische Abklärung stellen die Basis dar. Für die akute Schmerztherapie ist komplementär eine bitemporale Akupunktur an Ex-KH5 einen Versuch wert. Bei fehlendem Ansprechen sowie vier und mehr Attacken pro Monat, einer Migränedauer über zwei Tage und persistierender neurologischer Begleitsymptomatik ist eine Intervalltherapie angezeigt. Hierfür sollten bevorzugt nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren wie Entspannung, Ablenkung, Bewältigungstraining, Biofeedback und triggerarme Ernährung zum Einsatz kommen. (Laser-)Akupunktur ist nachweislich im Rahmen einer kurmäßigen Anwendung mit 4–8 Behandlungen pro Monat wirksam.
Shōnishin bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Wernicke Thomas 
Published: July 2020

SummarySeit der Einführung der Akupunktur aus China nach Japan werden Kinder auch in Japan mit Akupunktur behandelt – daher der japanische Begriff Shōnishin (shōni = Kind; shin = Nadel/Nadelung). Zu Beginn des 20. Jh. veränderte sich die Behandlungstechnik: Die einst invasive, stechende Akupunktur entwickelte sich zu einer sanften, nicht-invasiven Behandlungsmethode.Keine 100 Jahre später erfuhr Shōnishin eine nochmalige Weiterentwicklung und eröffnete durch die Verbindung der sino-japanischen Medizintradition mit dem heutigen Wissensstand der Entwicklungsphysiologie neue Behandlungsstrategien.
Arthroscopic Trapeziectomy and Suture Button Suspensionplasty: A Review of the Literature and Description of the “Three-Step Arthroscopic Trapeziectomy Technique”
Authors: Corella Fernando , Ocampos Montserrat , Laredo Rafael , Tabuenca José , Carnicer Maribel , Larrainzar-Garijo Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, surgeons have rapidly developed arthroscopic techniques to treat basal joint osteoarthritis. Such techniques spare the joint capsule and ligaments, allow more accurate staging of cartilage degeneration to determine the most appropriate treatment, and decrease the risk of injury to the radial artery and superficial branch of the radial nerve. Arthroscopic resection arthroplasty of the trapezium can be performed as either partial or complete trapeziectomy. Many papers have described partial trapeziectomy but few have discussed complete trapeziectomy.Suture button implants avoid the drawbacks of temporary fixation using Kirschner wire, as well as the drawbacks of ligament reconstruction, which necessitates the sacrifice of a tendon and involves both wide exposure and scar tissue.This paper aimed to review the published data on the arthroscopic treatment of basal thumb osteoarthritis, with a special focus on stabilization using suture button suspensionplasty, and to present a technique that structures this procedure into three steps, allowing it to be performed in an easier, more organized, and faster way.
Tackling child malnutrition in Jamaica, 1962–2020
Authors: Altink Henrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn the eve of independence in 1962, malnutrition was the largest single cause of death in Jamaica for children under one. Although child malnutrition rates have rapidly declined since 1962, today Jamaica experiences a double burden of malnutrition: the coexistence of pockets of high child malnutrition with rising levels of childhood obesity. Based on a wide range of sources, including public documents, newspaper reports, scientific studies and reports by international agencies, this article examines a gradual decline in child malnutrition and the rise of the double burden of malnutrition in Jamaica from independence to the present. It will first of all show that changes in the global economy and overseas loans and aid both aided and limited the ability of the Jamaican government to lower child malnutrition levels and also contributed to a rise in childhood obesity. Second, it will illustrate that a traditional deficit-led approach to child malnutrition was followed in post-independent Jamaica, focussing on the public and individuals as targets for intervention and using quantitative measures to trace progress. And third, it will question whether the double burden of child malnutrition will give rise to ‘healthy publics’—‘dynamic collectives of people, ideas and environments that can enable health and well-being’.
Angry by design: toxic communication and technical architectures
Authors: Munn Luke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHate speech and toxic communication online is on the rise. Responses to this issue tend to offer technical (automated) or non-technical (human content moderation) solutions, or see hate speech as a natural product of hateful people. In contrast, this article begins by recognizing platforms as designed environments that support particular practices while discouraging others. In what ways might these design architectures be contributing to polarizing, impulsive, or antagonistic behaviors? Two platforms are examined: Facebook and YouTube. Based on engagement, Facebook’s Feed drives views but also privileges incendiary content, setting up a stimulus–response loop that promotes outrage expression. YouTube’s recommendation system is a key interface for content consumption, yet this same design has been criticized for leading users towards more extreme content. Across both platforms, design is central and influential, proving to be a productive lens for understanding toxic communication.
LRCH1 deficiency enhances LAT signalosome formation and CD8+T cell responses against tumors and pathogens
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Xiaoyan , Han Lei , Wan Xiaopeng , Zheng Lingming , Li Chunyang , Liao Zhaohui , Xiao Jun , Zhong Ruiyue , Zheng Xin , Wang Qiong , Li Zonghai , Chen Hualan , Wei Bin , Wang Hongyan 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceImproving cytotoxicity, proliferation, and infiltration ability of CD8+T cells is critical in T cell immunotherapies against tumors. This study has identified LRCH1 as a negative regulator of LAT-mediated TCR signal transduction, as LRCH1 inhibits LAT signalosome formation and facilitates the endocytosis of LAT on the plasma membrane. LRCH1-deficient CD8+T cells are more proliferative and effective at pathogen control and tumor elimination. Importantly, CRISPR-Cas9–mediated knockout ofLRCH1in human T cells also increases IFN-γ production, cell proliferation, and migration ability in vitro. These data suggest LRCH1 as a potential target to improve CD8+T cell responses against tumors and pathogens.
Characterization of a novel class of glyoxylate reductase belonging to the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family in Acetobacter aceti
Authors: Kumsab Jakkaphan , Tobe Ryuta , Kurihara Tatsuo , Hirose Yuu , Omori Taketo , Mihara Hisaaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Enzymes related to β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases/3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenases are ubiquitous, but most of them have not been characterized. An uncharacterized protein with moderate sequence similarities to Gluconobacter oxydans succinic semialdehyde reductase and plant glyoxylate reductases/succinic semialdehyde reductases was found in the genome of Acetobacter aceti JCM20276. The corresponding gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene product was purified and identified as a glyoxylate reductase that exclusively catalyzed the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate. The strict substrate specificity of this enzyme to glyoxylate, the diverged sequence motifs for its binding sites with cofactors and substrates, and its phylogenetic relationship to homologous enzymes suggested that this enzyme represents a novel class of enzymes in the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. This study may provide an important clue to clarify the metabolism of glyoxylate in bacteria.
Abbreviations: GR: glyoxylate reductase; GRHPR: glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase; HIBADH: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase; SSA: succinic semialdehyde; SSAR: succinic semialdehyde reductase