bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation With Placental Circulation Intact Compared With Cord Milking
Authors: Pratesi Simone , Ciarcià Martina , Boni Luca , Ghirardello Stefano , Germini Cristiana , Troiani Stefania , Tulli Eleonora , Natile Miria , Ancora Gina , Barone Giovanni , Vedovato Stefania , Bertuola Federica , Parata Francesca , Mescoli Giovanna , Sandri Fabrizio , Corbetta Roberta , Ventura Luisa , Dognini Giulia , Petrillo Flavia , Valenzano Luigia , Manzari Raffaele , Lavizzari Anna , Mosca Fabio , Corsini Iuri , Poggi Chiara , Dani Carlo ,   PCI Trial Collaborators, Perugi Silvia , Leonardi Valentina , Coviello Caterina , Roncati Daniele , Elia Serena , Cecchi Alessandra , Capocasale Marta , Franco Caterina , Gottardi Genny , Grison Alessandra , Dal Cengio Valentina , Vanzo Valentina 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceAmong preterm newborns undergoing resuscitation, delayed cord clamping for 60 seconds is associated with reduced mortality compared with early clamping. However, the effects of longer durations of cord clamping with respiratory support are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether resuscitating preterm newborns while keeping the placental circulation intact and clamping the cord after a long delay would improve outcomes compared with umbilical cord milking.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial (PCI Trial) was conducted at 8 Italian neonatal intensive care units from April 2016 through February 2023 and enrolled preterm newborns born between 23 weeks 0 days and 29 weeks 6 days of gestation from singleton pregnancies.InterventionsEnrolled newborns were randomly allocated to receive at-birth resuscitation with intact placental circulation for 180 seconds or umbilical cord milking followed by an early cord clamping (within 20 seconds of life).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the composite end point of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks of postconception age. Prespecified secondary end points were the single components of the composite primary outcome. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted.ResultsOf 212 mother-newborn dyads who were randomized, 209 (median [IQR] gestational age, 27 [26-28] weeks; median [IQR] birth weight, 900 [700-1070] g) were enrolled in the intention-to-treat population; 105 were randomized to the placental circulation intact group, and 104 were randomized to the cord milking group. The composite outcome of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 35 of 105 newborns (33%) in the placental circulation intact group vs 39 of 104 newborns (38%) in the cord milking group (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.47-1.47; P = .53).Conclusions and RelevanceIn a randomized clinical trial of preterm newborns at 23 to 29 weeks’ gestational age, intact placental resuscitation for 3 minutes did not lower the composite outcome of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with umbilical cord milking.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02671305
Guided Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Joines William T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Maxwell's fundamental equations and the resulting wave equation for propagation are reviewed. Closed‐form solutions for transverse‐electromagnetic (TEM), transverse‐magnetic (TM), and transverse‐electric (TE) waves in guided‐wave structures are obtained from Maxwell's equations. Propagation parameters (intrinsic wave impedance, attenuation and phase change per‐unit‐length, frequency ranges of use), broad‐banding techniques, and design examples are presented. Dielectric waveguides for applications at microwave and optical frequencies are also presented with design examples and diagrams for better understanding.
Neuromuscular transmission deficits in patients with CMT and ClC‐1 inhibition in CMT animal models
Authors: Grønnebæk Thomas Skjærlund , Haahr‐Lillevang Helga , Skov Martin , Kelly Kristina , Kerr Nathan R. , Viteri Jose A. , Jaworek Andrea , Bartlett Amy , Bold Jane , Hutchison John , Quiroz Jorge , Tankisi Hatice , Pedersen Thomas Holm , Andersen Henning , Arnold William David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveCharcot–Marie Tooth (CMT) is a hereditary neuropathy characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue with no approved therapies. Preclinical studies implicate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission deficits in muscle dysfunction in CMT. This study aimed to evaluate NMJ function in patients with CMT types 1 and 2, and to determine whether enhancing NMJ transmission can improve muscle function in preclinical CMT models.MethodsFirst, an observational study involving single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) and clinical testing in patients with CMT 1 and 2 and healthy controls (HC) was conducted. Next, preclinical studies examined muscle function, specifically nerve‐stimulated muscle force after partially inhibiting ClC‐1 chloride channels with the novel small molecule NMD670.ResultsTwenty‐one CMT patients (46.4 ± 14.4 years) and 10 HC (43.3 ± 12.7 years) were enrolled. SFEMG jitter (NMJ variability) was higher [median (range)] in the CMT patients [56 μs (35; 197 μs)] vs. HC [29 μs (19; 36 μs)], (p < 0.05). Blocking (NMJ failure) was higher in the CMT patients (13.4% (0.0; 90.9%)) vs. HC (0.0% (0.0; 4.5%)), (p < 0.05). In CMT, jitter and blocking correlated inversely with muscle strength, mobility, balance, and endurance. In CMT 1A and 2D mice, NMD670 increased both peak force and contractile endurance in vivo.InterpretationOur study suggests that NMJ dysfunction contributes to muscle dysfunction in patients with CMT 1 and 2. Furthermore, our preclinical data provide proof‐of‐mechanism for recovery of muscle function with ClC‐1 inhibition in CMT mouse models. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting NMJ dysfunction with ClC‐1 inhibitors could enhance muscle function in CMT patients, warranting further clinical trials.
Non‐Chemical Route to PGM‐Free via N+ Ion Implantation in Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ficca Valerio C.A. , Sbroscia Marco , Stellino Elena , Rago Ilaria , Goto Francesco , Majumdar Isheta , Cavoto Gianluca , Pandolfi Francesco , Calloni Alberto , Lucotti Andrea , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Placidi Ernesto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe continuous research on electrocatalytic nanomaterials for critical raw materials replacement has returned the important class of Platinum‐group‐metal‐free electrocatalysts (PGM‐free), based on C, N, and non‐noble transition metals. PGM‐free are employed in Fuel Cells, Zinc‐Air batteries, and Electrolyzers to catalyze important energy‐related reactions. They are usually synthesized following a chemical route based on mixing, pyrolyzing, and postprocessing of specific N‐ and transition metal‐containing compounds into conductive C structures, leading to a high content of byproducts. Herein, for the first time, a new approach for PGM‐free synthesis is investigated, based on nitrogen implantation via ion beam produced with a Kaufman apparatus, and iron evaporation inside a clean chamber. The performed investigation, based on a model sp2 carbonaceous material (vertically aligned carbon nanotubes), showed similarities to the chemical route in terms of surface functionalization with the possibility to maximize the pyridinic N content, paving the way for the first time to the synthesis of nitrogen‐compound‐free nanoelectrocatalysts.
Toward High‐Performance Photodetectors Based on Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Mixed‐n Perovskite Nanomaterials
Authors: Malani S Brindhu , Klein Eugen , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Klinke Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe excellent optoelectronic properties, straightforward synthesis, and robust material stability of quasi‐2D metal halide perovskites have made them a hot research topic for optoelectronic devices. In layered organic–inorganic perovskites, the optoelectronic properties are greatly influenced by morphology and quantum confinement, which are crucial for their photodetection performance and offer an excellent tunability tool. Here the optoelectronic properties and photodetection performance of quasi‐2D methylammonium lead bromide perovskites with three different morphologies nanoplatelets, nanosheets, and nanostripes produced by colloidal hot injection technique are investigated. The structural and optical characterization reveals the mixed‐n phases with varying extents of confinement. The study shows that nanostripes with the weak confinement effect exhibit superior photodetection performance. They demonstrate the highest photoresponsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and detectivity (D) of 183 mA W−1, 56% and 2.9 × 1011 Jones respectively. They also show the highest on/off ratio and fastest photoresponse (rise time (τr) = 3.4 and fall time (τf) = 4.3 ms) in comparison to nanoplatelets and nanosheets. The study will aid in realizing an inexpensive high‐performance photodetector based on nanoparticles of quasi‐2D perovskites.
Lock FA/MA Cations by Constructing Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Zheng Haiying , Dong Xinhe , Chen Feifan , Wu Chaoyang , Liu Guozhen , Pan Xu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe inevitable ion migration in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can trigger their own chemical reactions and photolysis, posing significant challenges to the operational stability of perovskite solar cells. This is particularly evident in the case of organic cations that become separated from the perovskite lattice, making them more susceptible to deprotonation and leading to material degradation. Herein, the issue of organic cations migration is aimed to address by constructing multiple hydrogen bonds in the L‐arginine (L‐Arg) 2D/3D perovskite. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of L‐Arg dramatically increases the energy barrier for FA+/MA+ at each migration step, effectively immobilizing FA+/MA+. Immersion experiments using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) further confirm that L‐Arg plays a convincing role in hindering the migration of FA+/MA+ within the perovskite, as observed from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Additionally, due to the strong interaction between L‐Arg and the perovskite, L‐Arg acts as a nucleation center, slowing down the growth rate of perovskite crystals and promoting the formation of high‐quality perovskite films. Finally, L‐Arg‐based devices achieve an impressive efficiency of 24.62% with reduced hysteresis, as well as exceptional stability in humidity and heat aging tests, attributing to the inhibited ion migration and the low‐defect, high‐quality 2D/3D perovskite film.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of oP28‐C3N4 Recoverable to Ambient Conditions
Authors: Laniel Dominique , Trybel Florian , Zhou Wenju , Aslandukov Andrey , Spender James , Tasnádi Ferenc , Fedotenko Timofey , Ranieri Umbertoluca , Liang Akun , Aslandukova Alena , Akbar Fariia I. , Yin Yuqing , Chariton Stella , Pakhomova Anna , Garbarino Gaston , Mezouar Mohamed , Hanfland Michael , Prakapenka Vitali , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe thermodynamic parameter pressure is ideal for producing novel ultraincompressible and superhard materials as it promotes the formation of polymeric frameworks and higher atomic coordination. In this regard, carbon and nitrogen are particularly attractive elements as they can produce extended arrangements of strong covalent bonds. In this study, a previously unobserved C3N4 polymorph, denoted as oP28‐C3N4 (Pnnm, #58), is synthesized at pressures between 73 and 104 GPa in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells and found recoverable to ambient conditions and stable in air. The crystal structure of oP28‐C3N4, comprised of corner‐sharing CN4 tetrahedra, is solved and refined using synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. With a bulk modulus of 334(3) GPa deduced from experimental data, the compound is highly incompressible. Based on macroscopic and microscopic calculations, its hardness may achieve 47.5 or 79.7 GPa, respectively, making it a superhard material. Incompressibility of CN4 tetrahedra in all experimentally observed C3N4 polymorphs is found to be greater than that of the CC4 and BN4 tetrahedra forming the structures of diamond and cubic boron nitride. Density functional theory calculations provide further insight into the electronic, vibrational, and mechanical properties of oP28‐C3N4, as well as their stability relative to other C─N phases.
Precisely Gradient S‐Doping to Optimize Oxysulfide Nanowires Active Centers for High‐Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Qingjun , Yin Xin , Fang Cuiqin , Liu Xinlong , Yang Yujue , Han Jing , Chen Yuejiao , Xu Bingang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOwing to high theoretical capacitance, nickel cobalt alkaline carbonate (NiCoAC) has attracted wide attention in electrochemical energy storage. However, the high surface ionic resistance and low bulk intrinsic activity result in NiCo‐AC being unable to exhibit fast electronic response frequency and charge storage. Herein, via precisely controlling gradient S‐doping, NiCo‐AC nanowire is in situ converted into core‐shell bimetallic oxysulfide (NiCo─O─S), with interior particularly presenting a granular due to the contraction of bulk structure, achieving the synergistic modification of surface and bulk. Specifically, owing to the lower band gap energy of metal sulfides, the derived shell optimizes OH− adsorption center from Ni to Ni─Co─Ni sites with higher binding energy, and the granular core facilitates further ion diffusion with enhanced charge accumulation. Hence, NiCo─O─S reflect higher redox activity than that of nickel‐cobalt sulfide (NiCo─S) and NiCo‐AC, with an ultrahigh capacitance of 3,298 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The as‐fabricated supercapacitors display an outstanding energy density of 131 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1 and present high capacitance retention of 98.5% and coulomb efficiency of 93.2％ under 12 000 charge‐discharge cycles. This study reflects a new insight into activating the intrinsic activity of nanomaterials to further develop high‐rate and stable electrodes.
Muscle‐Inspired Super‐Flexible Phase Change Materials with Programmable Deformation for Photothermal Actuation
Authors: Geng Xiaoye , Qin Mulin , Shen Zhenghui , Xiong Feng , Di Jiangtao , Yang Chengxu , Wang Yonggang , Gao Song , Gao Siyuan , Wang Qining , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) with remarkable latent heat storage/release capacity have demonstrated prominent advantages in energy conservation and efficient thermal management. Nevertheless, simultaneously achieving high thermal energy storage capacity, excellent toughness, and flexibility in PCMs is a significant challenge for programmable deformations when used in complex environmental scenarios. A flexible PCM is reported with programmable deformation constructed through a three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic cross‐linked network. This approach has culminated in the development of homogeneously cross‐linked and self‐supporting polyurethane‐based solid‐solid PCM with graphene enhancement, which exhibits exceptional properties of high latent heat storage/release capacity (∆Hm = 105.3 J g−1, ∆Hc = 105.0 J g−1), high toughness (ε = 1543%, σ = 19.2 MPa), excellent flexibility, and shape memory behavior (Rr = 90.3%). Notably, when subjected to photothermal stimulation, it can lift objects weighing more than 2620 times their weight, presenting a working density of 1330 kJ m−3. This flexible PCM, which simultaneously possesses a high latent capacity and photothermal‐driven performance, opens a new pathway for artificial muscles or soft robots with the requirements for energy conservation and thermal management in complex scenarios.
Pre‐Clinical Assessment of Bupivacaine‐Loaded Poly(ester urea) Thin Films for Controlled Drug Release and Effective Pain Management After Surgery
Authors: Stinson Natasha C. , Matsuoka Yutaka , Agarwal Anshu , Dziewior Courtney S. , McDonald Samantha M. , Li Yize , Godwin Kacey , Ji Ru‐Rong , Becker Matthew L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSafe, effective pain management remains one of the biggest challenges following surgical procedures. Despite widespread recognition of this problem and advances in the mechanistic understanding of pain signaling, post‐surgical pain is often undermanaged, with opioid use remaining the clinical standard. As an alternative to current oral, systemic treatments, a degradable bupivacaine‐loaded poly(ester urea) (PEU) thin film has been developed to deliver bupivacaine directly to the site of injury over an extended duration. The dose and duration of bupivacaine delivery is controlled using polymer composition and bupivacaine concentration. Systemic bupivacaine concentrations are more than an order of magnitude lower when delivered locally versus intravenous injection. Tissue analysis showed that the majority of bupivacaine is deposited into subcutaneous tissue directly surrounding the implant. Bupivacaine concentration in soft tissue around the implant are 30‐fold higher than plasma values, indicating that release from PEU implants remains localized. Bupivacaine‐loaded PEU films are assessed into two established mouse models for diabetic neuropathic pain and post‐surgical incisional pain. In each model, bupivacaine eluting PEU films effectively block pain for 3–5 days before returning to baseline levels without loss of motor function and without signs of neurotoxicity.
Electroconductive Nanocellulose, a Versatile Hydrogel Platform: From Preparation to Biomedical Engineering Applications
Authors: Jeon Myoung Joon , Randhawa Aayushi , Kim Hojin , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Patil Tejal V. , Lee Jieun , Acharya Rumi , Park Hyeonseo , Seol Youjin , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanocelluloses have garnered significant attention recently in the attempt to create sustainable, improved functional materials. Nanocellulose possesses wide varieties, including rod‐shaped crystalline cellulose nanocrystals and elongated cellulose nanofibers, also known as microfibrillated cellulose. In recent times, nanocellulose has sparked research into a wide range of biomedical applications, which vary from developing 3D printed hydrogel to preparing structures with tunable characteristics. Owing to its multifunctional properties, different categories of nanocellulose, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, as well as their unique properties are discussed here. Here, different methods of nanocellulose‐based hydrogel preparation are covered, which include 3D printing and crosslinking methods. Subsequently, advanced nanocellulose‐hydrogels addressing conductivity, shape memory, adhesion, and structural color are highlighted. Finally, the application of nanocellulose‐based hydrogel in biomedical applications is explored here. In summary, numerous perspectives on novel approaches based on nanocellulose‐based research are presented here.
High‐Temperature Resistance Photoluminescence Carbonized Polymer Dots Through Equilibrium Bi‐Confinement Effects
Authors: Shen Yu , Luo Chengyang , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xinglong , Shi Minghao , Gu Zhida , Su Ruifa , Wang Yitong , Li Linpo , Wang Liangjun , Zhang Suoying , Huo Fengwei , Zhang Weina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon dots are emerging luminescent nanomaterials that have drawn considerable attention due to their abundance, environmental friendliness, and customizable optical properties. However, their susceptibility to temperature‐induced vibrational exciton changes and the tendency to thermal quenching of emission have hindered their practical applications. Here, a method is reported for achieving high‐temperature photoluminescence carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) through a bi‐confinement approach that involves a highly cross‐linked polymer network and a rigid Al2O3 matrix. As the temperature increased from 303 to 500 K, the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission intensities of CPDs@Al2O3 remained virtually unchanged, with the emission duration exceeding 150 h at 500 K. Additionally, CPDs@Al2O3 composites with different degrees of carbonization exhibit dynamic excitation‐dependent photoluminescence properties, which can be patterned for multiple information encryption application. This work provides a concept for designing stable and luminous CPDs under harsh conditions, thus expanding their potential application range.
Layered Deep‐UV Optical Crystal KZn₂BO₃Br₂ as a High‐κ Dielectric for 2D Electronic Devices
Authors: Li Yixiang , Jian Chuanyong , Yuan Jiashuai , Hong Wenting , Yao Yu , Fu Zhipeng , Wang Bicheng , Cai Qian , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of dielectrics with atomic planes and van der Waals (vdW) interfaces is essential for enhancing the performance of 2D devices. However, vdW dielectrics often have smaller bandgaps compared to traditional 3D dielectrics, limiting their options. This study introduces AZBX (AZn₂BO₃X₂, where A = K or Rb, X = Cl or Br), a nonlinear deep‐ultraviolet optical crystal, as a quasi‐vdW layered dielectric ideal for 2D electronic devices. Focusing on KZBB, it's excellent dielectric properties, including a wide bandgap, high dielectric constant (high‐κ), and smooth interfaces are demonstrated. When used as the top gate dielectric in a KZBB/MoS₂ field‐effect transistor (FET) with MoS₂ channels and graphene contacts, the device exhibits outstanding performance, with a steep subthreshold swing (≈ 73 mV dec−1), high on/off ratio (≈ 10⁷), negligible hysteresis (0–8 mV), and stable, low leakage current (≈10⁻⁷ A cm−2) before breakdown. This work expands the 2D material and dielectric landscape and highlights the strong potential of AZBX as high‐performance dielectrics.
Thermal Annealing for High Performance and Memory Behavior in n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Hidalgo Castillo Tania Cecilia , Shan Wentao , Ma Guorong , Zhao Haoyu , Wang Yunfei , Druet Victor , Saleh Abdulelah , Gu Xiaodan , Inal Sahika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractN‐type organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (n‐OMIECs) struggle to match the performance of p‐type counterparts, particularly in bioelectronics' flagship device, the organic electrochemical transistor. Enhancing n‐type transistor performance typically necessitates the synthesis of new materials. More sustainable post‐synthetic treatments, known to improve organic devices in dry and oxygen‐free conditions, are not applied to n‐OMIECs. This study introduces thermal annealing to enhance n‐OMIECs' electron mobility without sacrificing their ability to take up ionic charges. Annealing increases the crystallinity of p(gNDI‐gT2), the first designed n‐OMIEC, enhancing its transistor performance to compete with new‐generation NDI‐based materials. Annealing reduces passive and in operando electrolyte uptake without compromising the device threshold voltage, keeping the device power demand low. The microstructure obtained by annealing, combined with the film's strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and reduced water swelling, enables the creation of a device that retains photocurrent generated upon frequency‐dependent light training. This leads to a microscale, water‐compatible memory device that emulates the learning process of biological neurons triggered by light. This simple device can be implemented in artificial neural networks and face recognition platforms and achieve vector‐matrix multiplication when fabricated in an array form, showcasing the potential for innovative applications in bioelectronics.