bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations to DNMT3A in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Venugopal Kartika , Feng Yang , Shabashvili Daniil , Guryanova Olga A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the last decade, large-scale genomic studies in patients with hematologic malignancies identified recurrent somatic alterations in epigenetic modifier genes. Among these, the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A has emerged as one of the most frequently mutated genes in adult myeloid as well as lymphoid malignancies and in clonal hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biochemical and structural consequences of DNMT3A mutations on DNA methylation catalysis and binding interactions and summarize their effects on epigenetic patterns and gene expression changes implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. We then review the role played by mutant DNMT3A in clonal hematopoiesis, accompanied by its effect on immune cell function and inflammatory responses. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge informs therapeutic approaches for hematologic malignancies with mutant DNMT3A.
Selection of Oncogenic Mutant Clones in Normal Human Skin Varies with Body Site
Authors: Fowler Joanna C. , King Charlotte , Bryant Christopher , Hall Michael W.J. , Sood Roshan , Ong Swee Hoe , Earp Eleanor , Fernandez-Antoran David , Koeppel Jonas , Dentro Stefan C. , Shorthouse David , Durrani Amer , Fife Kate , Rytina Edward , Milne Doreen , Roshan Amit , Mahububani Krishnaa , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Hall Benjamin A. , Gerstung Moritz , Jones Philip H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSkin cancer risk varies substantially across the body, yet how this relates to the mutations found in normal skin is unknown. Here we mapped mutant clones in skin from high- and low-risk sites. The density of mutations varied by location. The prevalence of NOTCH1 and FAT1 mutations in forearm, trunk, and leg skin was similar to that in keratinocyte cancers. Most mutations were caused by ultraviolet light, but mutational signature analysis suggested differences in DNA-repair processes between sites. Eleven mutant genes were under positive selection, with TP53 preferentially selected in the head and FAT1 in the leg. Fine-scale mapping revealed 10% of clones had copy-number alterations. Analysis of hair follicles showed mutations in the upper follicle resembled adjacent skin, but the lower follicle was sparsely mutated. Normal skin is a dense patchwork of mutant clones arising from competitive selection that varies by location.Significance:Mapping mutant clones across the body reveals normal skin is a dense patchwork of mutant cells. The variation in cancer risk between sites substantially exceeds that in mutant clone density. More generally, mutant genes cannot be assigned as cancer drivers until their prevalence in normal tissue is known.See related commentary by De Dominici and DeGregori, p. 227.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Olasveengen Theresa M. , Mancini Mary E. , Perkins Gavin D. , Avis Suzanne , Brooks Steven , Castrén Maaret , Chung Sung Phil , Considine Julie , Couper Keith , Escalante Raffo , Hatanaka Tetsuo , Hung Kevin K.C. , Kudenchuk Peter , Lim Swee Han , Nishiyama Chika , Ristagno Giuseppe , Semeraro Federico , Smith Christopher M. , Smyth Michael A. , Vaillancourt Christian , Nolan Jerry P. , Hazinski Mary Fran , Morley Peter T. , Svavarsdóttir Hildigunnur , Raffay Violetta , Kuzovlev Artem , Grasner Jan-Thorsten , Dee Ryan , Smith Michael , Rajendran Kausala 
Published: October 2020

This
2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
on basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 22 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 5 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review.

Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest.
The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.
The Church, Kingdom and Society in the Writings of Vasilii V. Ivanov (1846–1919): towards a Public Theology for Post-Soviet Baptists
Authors: Geychenko Oleksandr 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the collapse of the USSR in 1991 evangelicals received unprecedented opportunity to raise their voices in the public arena. However, as the events during the Revolution of Dignity (2013–2014) in Ukraine demonstrated, most evangelicals could not formulate their attitude towards these events. Instead they assumed existing positions which sometimes were fundamentally opposite to the Christian narrative. This article seeks to explore perspectives of the one of the pioneers of Baptism in the Russian Empire, Vasilii V. Ivanov-Klyshnikov (1846–1919), on the church, Kingdom of God and society with the view to find elements for a public theology. Ivanov’s perspectives are expanded through the concept of the church as visible and political.
Via Tertia for the Orthodox Churches
Authors: Hovorun Cyril 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since its national awakening in the middle of the nineteenth century, the Ukrainian people have had two options for development: to pursue the modernist program of nation-building or to submit itself to the imperial projects that first the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, then the Soviet Union, and lastly Vladimir Putin were trying to build. The Ukrainian Maidans of 2004 and 2013–14 indicated a third way, a via tertia: to developing a civil society based on civil values, such as transparency, justice, and solidarity. This third option is a way towards modernization. The Ukrainian churches found themselves at the crossroads facing the same choices—the modernist, imperialist, or civil. A public theology that advocates for a ‘symphony’ with civil society, instead of a traditional symphonic relationship with the state, suggests a way for the churches: it would make them coherent with the social developments in the country.
The Making of a Swiss Migration Regime: Electronic Data Infrastructures and Statistics in the Federal Administration, 1960s–1990s
Authors: Espahangizi Kijan , Mähr Moritz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article analyses the transformation of Swiss migration statistics through digital data processing in the 1970s and 1980s. It focuses on the emergence of two different modes of migration statistics management within the Swiss federal administration. First, in the early 1970s, the Swiss Federal Aliens Police implemented an electronic database with comprehensive statistics on foreigners, the so-called Central Aliens Register. It was devised as a data-driven instrument for regulating labour supply within the scope of the Western European guest worker regime. Then, in the mid-1980s, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office introduced periodical population scenario analysis. The modelling of future demographic scenarios, based on existing data, shifted the perspective towards a new global migration framework. It is shown how this computerisation of statistical data infrastructures in the 1970s/1980s enabled the combination of different regulatory regimes for population movements within the federal administration (labour/asylum), thus, contributing to the formation of a Swiss migration regime.
B C, Before Computers
Authors: Robertson Stephen 
Published: October 2020

The idea that the digital age has revolutionized our day-to-day experience of the world is nothing new, and has been amply recognized by cultural historians. In contrast, Stephen Robertson’s 'BC: Before Computers' is a work which questions the idea that the mid-twentieth century saw a single moment of rupture. It is about all the things that we had to learn, invent, and understand – all the ways we had to evolve our thinking – before we could enter the information technology revolution of the second half of the twentieth century. Its focus ranges from the beginnings of data processing, right back to such originary forms of human technology as the development of writing systems, gathering a whole history of revolutionary moments in the development of information technologies into a single, although not linear narrative.
Treading the line between philosophy and technical history, Robertson draws on his extensive technical knowledge to produce a text which is both thought-provoking and accessible to a wide range of readers. The book is wide in scope, exploring the development of technologies in such diverse areas as cryptography, visual art and music, and the postal system. Through all this, it does not simply aim to tell the story of computer developments but to show that those developments rely on a long history of humans creating technologies for increasingly sophisticated methods of manipulating information.
Through a clear structure and engaging style, it brings together a wealth of informative and conceptual explorations into the history of human technologies, and avoids assumptions about any prior knowledge on the part of the reader. As such, it has the potential to be of interest to the expert and the general reader alike.
A Scholarly Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Intranasal Corticosteroids Preparations in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Macias-Valle Luis , Psaltis Alkis J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this scholarly review is to present an update of the efficacy, safety, and distribution of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in the context of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Materials and Methods: A literature review from 1999 to 2020 of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases was performed, using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies reporting on efficacy, safety, and distribution of all INCS formulations, both Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and non-FDA approved, were reviewed. Results and Conclusions: High-level evidence publications and position papers support the role of INCS in medical treatment for CRS. Significant improvement in disease-specific and general quality of life measures is observed with all formulations of INCS. Overall, the use of both FDA and published non-FDA INCS appears to be safe. Several novel distribution devices might improve penetration to specific areas within the sinuses.
The palliative care needs and experiences of people with advanced head and neck cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Mayland Catriona R , Ho Qiaoling Marilyn , Doughty Hannah C , Rogers Simon N , Peddinti Prithvi , Chada Praytush , Mason Stephen , Cooper Matthew , Dey Paola 
Published: October 2020

Background: The palliative care needs of people with advanced head and neck cancer pose unique complexities due to the impact the illness has on eating, speaking, appearance and breathing. Examining these needs would help provide guidance about developing relevant models of care and identify gaps in research knowledge. Aim: To identify and map out the palliative care needs and experiences for people with advanced head and neck cancer. Design: A scoping literature review following the methods described by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data sources: An electronic search of the literature was undertaken in MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE and CINAHL covering the years January 1996 to January 2019. Results: People with advanced head and neck cancer often had palliative care needs but there was variability in the timing and access to relevant services. A high prevalence of interventions, for example hospital admissions were needed even during the last month of life. This was not necessarily negated with early engagement of palliative care. Dissonance between patients and family carers about information needs and decision-making was an additional complexity. Studies tended to be descriptive in nature, and often involved a single centre. Conclusion: This scoping review demonstrates the complexity of care for people with advanced head and neck cancer and the issues related to the current healthcare systems. Focus on appropriate referral criteria, increased integration and coordination of care and robust evaluation of specific care components seems key. Linkage between research and service design delivery across teams, disciplines and care settings seems pertinent.
Sign tracking predicts cue-induced but not drug-primed reinstatement to methamphetamine seeking in rats: Effects of oxytocin treatment
Authors: Everett Nicholas A , Carey Harry A , Cornish Jennifer L , Baracz Sarah J 
Published: October 2020

Background: The incentive sensitisation theory of addiction posits that drug-associated stimuli become imbued with incentive motivational properties, driving pathological drug seeking. However, pre-existing variability in the incentive salience to non-drug reward cues (‘sign trackers’ (STs); ‘goal trackers’ (GTs)) is also predictive of the desire for and relapse to cocaine and opioids. Here, we asked whether variation in propensity to attribute incentive salience to a food cue is predictive of reinstatement to the highly addictive psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH), and whether treatment with the promising anti-addiction therapy oxytocin differentially reduces METH behaviour between STs and GTs. Methods: Rats were trained to associate a Pavlovian cue with delivery of a sucrose pellet over 8 days. They then received jugular vein catheters for intravenous METH self-administration, followed by behavioural extinction, and cue-induced and METH-primed reinstatement to METH-seeking behaviours. Oxytocin was administered prior to self-administration and reinstatement tests. Results: Despite the self-administration of similar amounts of METH, STs reinstated more to METH cues than did GTs, yet METH-priming reinstated STs and GTs similarly. Furthermore, oxytocin attenuated cue-induced reinstatement more so in STs than in GTs, and reduced METH-primed reinstatement to a greater extent in the top quartile of reinstaters, indicating that oxytocin treatment may be most effective for those at highest risk of addiction. Conclusions: This pre-existing bias towards reward cues presents a possible tool to screen for METH addiction susceptibility and may be useful for understanding the neurobiology of addiction and for pharmacotherapeutic discovery.
Atypical magnetic resonance imaging features and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuang-Yu , Yin Lei , Wang Chen , Ma Ming-Ping 
Published: October 2020

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. We aimed to summarize and analyze the atypical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of HCC to improve its diagnostic accuracy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed MRI data for 66 patients with HCC with atypical MRI features confirmed by operation and pathology. Results Twelve patients had high signals and 18 patients had significant decreases in opposed phase signals in T1WI plain scans. Nine patients had high signals and six patients had large cystic lesions in apparent diffusion coefficient images. Dynamic enhancement showed progressive enhancement in 15 patients, ring enhancement in three, irregular patchy enhancement in three, ‘nodule-in-nodule’ enhancement in six, delayed central patchy enhancement in six, delayed central ‘star-like aristate scars’ (T2WI revealed high signal intensity) in 21, and poor blood supply in three patients. Conclusions MRI can make a clear diagnosis of typical HCC, and atypical cases can also be distinguished from other tumors or tumor-like lesions by MRI. The analysis of atypical signs may improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for HCC.
Clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in 76 patients
Authors: Liu Jiachang , Wang Ruikai , Fang Ming 
Published: October 2020

Objectives To investigate the clinical and drug resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii infections in the Huainan region of Anhui and provide a reference for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents. Methods This single-center retrospective analysis included 76 patients with P. stuartii infection in Huainan during the period from October 2018 to March 2020. The hospital department in which the patients were treated and the drug susceptibility characteristics of the P. stuartii isolates were recorded. Results Among the 76 patients, the lung was the most common site of infection, and intensive care unit was the main hospital department. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase screening revealed expression by all 76 isolates of P. stuartii. Of the 76 isolates, 92.1% exhibited multiple drug resistance or extensive drug resistance. P. stuartii isolates were sensitive to cefepime and imipenem, but not to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Twenty isolates were resistant to all 21 types of antibiotics. Of the 20 patients infected with extensively drug-resistant isolates, nine (45%) died. Conclusions Drug resistance is increasing in P. stuartii. The antimicrobial agent imipenem may be effective for treatment of P. stuartii infections. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and fourth-generation cephalosporins are suitable options for antibiotic therapy.
Honokiol ameliorates radiation-induced brain injury via the activation of SIRT3
Authors: Liao Guixiang , Zhao Zhihong , Yang Hongli , Li Xiaming 
Published: October 2020

Objective Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress in tissue injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effects of honokiol (HKL) in a zebrafish model of radiation-induced brain injury and in HT22 cells. Methods The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were evaluated in the zebrafish brain and HT22 cells. The expression levels of SIRT3 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured using western blot assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results HKL treatment attenuated the levels of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in both the in vivo and in vitro models of irradiation injury. Furthermore, HKL treatment increased the expression of SIRT3 and decreased the expression of COX-2. The radioprotective effects of HKL were achieved via SIRT3 activation. Conclusions HKL attenuated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses in a SIRT3-dependent manner in radiation-induced brain injury.
Teaching to Impact Sexual Violence? The Evaluation of a Curricular Intervention for First-Year College Students
Authors: Johnson Katherine M. , Lederer Alyssa M. , Liddell Jessica L. , Sheffield Sydney , McCraw Alicia 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To evaluate whether a semester-long course for first-year undergraduates influenced knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions about gender, sexuality, and sexual violence. Design: Quasi-experimental survey design. Setting: A private university in the Southeastern US. Participants: Undergraduates enrolled in an intervention (n = 49) or comparison (n = 60) course in Fall 2018. Measures: Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, Sexual Conservatism, Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs, Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, Bystander Efficacy Scale, Consent Myths, Sexual Misconduct Apathy, Campus Resource Awareness Index. Analysis: A 2-way mixed-factorial ANOVA. Results: Relative to the comparison group, students in the intervention course had significantly greater rates of change in reducing heteronormative views, decreasing sexual misconduct apathy, and increasing awareness of campus resources for sexual violence. Conclusion: A semester-long course targeting first-year undergraduates can potentially influence knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding sexual violence and create a more positive campus climate.
Patients’ and caregivers’ expectations and experiences of remote monitoring for peritoneal dialysis: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Walker Rachael C , Tong Allison , Howard Kirsten , Darby Natasha , Palmer Suetonia C 
Published: October 2020

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can offer more flexibility and independence compared with hemodialysis, yet uptake of PD remains low. Barriers to PD include the fear of dialyzing without medical assistance and uncertainty about recognizing and managing complications. There is increasing use of remote monitoring in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), but little is known about its acceptability by patients and caregivers. We aimed to describe patients’ and caregivers’ expectations and experiences of remote monitoring for APD. Methods: Qualitative study design, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews of patients who either receiving PD or were considered eligible for PD, and their caregivers. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Of the 34 participants, 27 were patients and the remainder caregivers. Four themes (with subthemes) were identified reducing patient burden (seeking reassurance and shared responsibility, convenience and accuracy); strengthening partnerships in care (empowering knowledge and understanding, increased accountability to dialysis team); improving access to treatment (saving time and money, providing timely care and avoiding hospital); and preserving quality patient–provider interactions (enhancing face-to-face contact, clarifying expectations of access and use of data). Conclusions: Remote monitoring may increase patient knowledge about their kidney disease and its treatment, encourage accountability to the clinical team, enhance partnerships with clinicians, and improve access to treatment and timely care. It is also important to ensure that remote monitoring does not replace face-to-face clinical contact with clinicians.