bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemic roles of materiality within a collaborative invention project at a secondary school
Authors: Mehto Varpu , Riikonen Sini , Hakkarainen Kai , Kangas Kaiju , Seitamaa‐Hakkarainen Pirita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examined maker‐centred learning from an epistemic perspective, highlighting the agentic role of material engagement and artefacts in learning and creativity. The use of physical materials plays a crucial role in maker activities where the socio‐epistemic aspects of knowledge creation entangle with the designing and making of physical artefacts. By taking a case study perspective, we analysed video data from nine design sessions involving a team of students (aged 13 to 14) developing an invention. First, we analysed knowledge that was built during the process. Our analysis revealed how design ideas evolved from preliminary to final stages and, together with the expressed design problems and conversations preceding the ideas, formed an epistemic object pursued by the team. Next, we included non‐human agencies into the analysis to understand the role of materials in the process. Features of materials and human design intentions both constrained and enabled idea improvement and knowledge creation, intermixing meanings and materials. Material making invited the students to not only rely on human rationalisation, but also to think together with the materials.
Exploring occupancy of the histamine H3 receptor by pitolisant in humans using PET
Authors: Rusjan Pablo , Sabioni Pamela , Di Ciano Patricia , Mansouri Esmaeil , Boileau Isabelle , Laveillé Alexia , Capet Marc , Duvauchelle Thierry , Schwartz Jean‐Charles , Robert Philippe , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeBF2.649 (pitolisant, Wakix®) is a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist recently approved for the treatment of narcolepsy disorder. The objective of the study was to investigate in vivo occupancy of H3 receptors by BF2.649 using PET brain imaging with the H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [11C]GSK189254.Experimental ApproachSix healthy adult participants were scanned with [11C]GSK189254. Participants underwent a total of two PET scans on separate days, 3 h after oral administration of placebo or after pitolisant hydrochloride (40 mg). [11C]GSK189254 regional total distribution volumes were estimated in nine brain regions of interest with the two tissue‐compartment model with arterial input function using a common VND across the regions. Brain receptor occupancies were calculated with the Lassen plot.Key ResultsPitolisant, at the dose administered, provided high (84 ± 7%; mean ± SD) occupancy of H3 receptors. The drug was well‐tolerated, and participants experienced few adverse events.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe administration of pitolisant (40 mg) produces a high occupancy of H3 receptors and may be a new tool for the treatment of a variety of CNS disorders that are associated with mechanisms involving H3 receptors.
Relationship of sputum mast cells with clinical and inflammatory characteristics of asthma
Authors: Fricker Michael , Qin Ling , Niessen Natalie , Baines Katherine J. , McDonald Vanessa M. , Scott Hayley A. , Simpson Jodie L. , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that regulate atopic and non‐atopic inflammation in the airways. MCs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet their relationship to airway and systemic inflammation and clinical characteristics of asthma is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo quantify MCs in induced sputum samples and understand their relationship to airway and circulatory immune cells, and clinical variables in asthma.MethodsWe employed flow cytometry of sputum samples to quantify MCs, basophils and other immune cells in 51 participants (45 asthma and 6 non‐asthma controls). Relationship of MCs to airway (n = 45) and blood (n = 19) immune cells, participant demographics, asthma history, spirometry and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to hypertonic saline was determined by correlation and comparison of cut‐off–based sputum MC high vs low participants.ResultsMast cells, basophils and eosinophils were increased in asthma vs non‐asthma control sputum. In asthma sputum, MCs, basophils and eosinophils were significantly intercorrelated, and MCs and basophils were elevated in participants with eosinophilic asthma. MCs and basophils, but not eosinophils, correlated with AHR. Sputum MC high asthma was characterized by an increased proportion of participants with uncontrolled asthma and reduced FEV1 and FVC. Trends towards similar clinical associations with elevated MCs were observed in a paucigranulocytic subpopulation (n = 15) lacking airway eosinophilia or neutrophilia. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) count predicted elevated sputum eosinophils and basophils, but not MCs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSputum MCs are elevated in asthma, and their measurement may be useful as they relate to key clinical features of asthma (spirometry, asthma control, AHR). PBE count did not predict airway MC status, suggesting direct measurement of airway MCs by sensitive methods such as flow cytometry should be further developed.
#10‐Year Challenge
Authors: Yap Darren , Ng Miane , Moorthy Ram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdequate management of post‐tonsillectomy pain is an important consideration in postoperative management after tonsillectomy. A 2008 meta‐analysis showed that the use of local anaesthetic either by infiltration or topical application reduced postoperative pain.ObjectivesTo review the current evidence for the use of local anaesthetic as a means of reducing post‐tonsillectomy pain and compare current evidence to the previous meta‐analysis 10 years ago.MethodSystematic literature searches of MEDLINE [*"ANESTHETICS, LOCAL"/ AND *TONSILLECTOMY/], EMBASE [*"LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT"/ AND *TONSILLECTOMY/] and PubMed [(Tonsillectomy).ti,ab AND (Local Anaesthetic).ti,ab OR (Local Anesthetic).ti,ab]. A meta‐analysis of randomised control trials assessing the use of local anaesthetic agents for post‐tonsillectomy pain.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, local anaesthetic, applied topically or infiltrated, significantly reduces pain scores compared with controls at 4‐6 hours [−0.65 (95% CI: −0.77; −0.53)]; 24 hours [−0.50 (95% CI: −0.66, −0.35)]; and 5‐7 days [−0.78 (95% CI: −0.90, −0.65)] (standardised mean differences).ConclusionCurrent studies suggest that use of peri‐operative local anaesthetic during tonsillectomy does improve postoperative pain outcomes. The limitations of the analysis are as follows: all studies are small, and a multi‐centred larger trial is recommended to guarantee statistical reliability. There was no description of significant adverse side effects from local anaesthetic use.
Evaluating the association of the new National Surgical Quality Improvement Program modified 5‐factor frailty index with outcomes in elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Keller D. S. , Reif de Paula T. , Kiran R. P. , Nemeth S. K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 5‐factor modified frailty index (mFI‐5) is a new, NSQIP‐based, predictive tool for mortality and postoperative complications. The mFI‐5’s predictive ability has been validated within the large‐scale NSQIP database but applicability in institutional databases has not been investigated. We sought to assess the association between the mFI‐5 and morbidity/mortality at the institutional level.MethodsA divisional database was queried for 2017 elective colorectal resections and an mFI‐5 calculated. The main outcome measure was the association and predictive value of the mFI‐5 with major morbidity/mortality and minor complications. Univariable analyses were performed via the Cochran‐Armitage Test and Cramer’s V. Logistic regression evaluated the relationship between the mFI‐5 and morbidity/mortality while accounting for demographics and pre‐operative risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to visualize the predictive strength for outcomes.ResultsFour hundred and twelve patients were analyzed. 8.7% had major morbidity/mortality and 31.6% minor complications. The mFI‐5 categorized patients into 0 (n = 335), 1 (n = 58), and 2+ (n = 19) groups. Univariable analysis showed a higher mFI‐5 was associated significantly with major morbidity/mortality (P = 0.004), but not minor (P = 0.281). Multivariable logistic regression showed a strong association between an mFI‐5 score of 2+ with major complications (Major: OR = 4.616, CI [1.442–14.776], P = 0.010). ROC curves showed the mFI‐5 was poor for predicting outcomes and performed better when other risk factors were added to the model.ConclusionThe mFI‐5 tool has an independent association with major morbidity/mortality in an institutional dataset for elective colorectal surgery, but is not predictive. Its predictive ability is enhanced when other patient‐specific risk factors are incorporated.
Dyeing of poly(lactic acid) fibres with synthesised novel heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes
Authors: Avinc Ozan , Bakan Emine , Demirçalı Aykut , Gedik Görkem , Karcı Fikret 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the first melt‐processable, renewable, sustainable and biodegradable natural‐based synthetic fibre. It has a broad range of uses and combines ecological advantages with outstanding performance in textiles. PLA fibre, as an aliphatic polyester, can be dyed with disperse dyes. Apart from the limited number of commercial disperse dyes, disperse dye exhaustion on PLA is generally lower than that on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). In this study, new heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes, substituted with methyl, nitro and chloro groups at their ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐ positions, synthesised in our previous study, were applied to PLA and PET fibres to examine their dyeing performance, and colour fastness and dye exhaustion properties. Different shades of yellow, orange, reddish brown and brown were obtained. Most of the synthesised novel heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes exhibited good build‐up properties with high K/S levels on both fibres. Para‐ bonding substituent provided higher K/S values than meta‐ and ortho‐ positions for –NO2 and –Cl substituents for both fibres. Overall, the most synthesised novel heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes in this study exhibited good build‐up properties with high K/S, exhaustion and wet fastness levels on both PLA and PET fibres.
Sexually transmitted coinfections in patients with anogenital warts – a retrospective analysis of 196 patients
Authors: Mueller Simon M. , Menzi Sheryl , Kind André B. , Blaich Annette , Bayer Michael , Navarini Alexander , Itin Peter , Brandt Oliver 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesAnogenital warts (AGWs) are most commonly caused by low‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, and although they are the most frequent viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs), little is known about STI coinfections in affected patients. We therefore sought to assess STI coinfection rates in patients with AGW, specify STI coinfections and calculate the number needed to screen (NNS) for each STI.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study analyzing data sets from AGW patients treated in our clinic between 2008–2016.Results142/196 (72 %) patients had been variably screened for infections with HIV, HBV and HCV, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and HSV. The STI coinfection rate in all tested patients was 24.6 %, yielding an NNS of 4.1 to detect any STI. Of note, the coinfection rate did not differ significantly between heterosexual men, homosexual men and women, respectively. The NNS for syphilis was 8.4, for HIV 14.0, for HCV 28.5 and for HBV 39.0. The NNS for asymptomatic patients tested for HSV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium were 1.4, 5.3 and 12.0, respectively.ConclusionDue to the high prevalence of STI coinfections, AGW patients should be screened for other STIs.
Rezepturen in der Dermatologie – eine Analyse des Verordnungsverhaltens im Alltag
Authors: Salzmann Stefan , Salzmann Martin , Staubach Petra 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundRezepturarzneimittel sind in Deutschland besonders im Bereich der topischen Therapie als wichtige Ergänzung zu zugelassenen Fertigarzneimitteln unverzichtbar. Bundesweit werden im ambulanten kassenärztlichen Bereich pro Quartal etwa 2 Mio. Rezepturen verordnet, 50 % davon durch Dermatologen.MethodikDie Verordnungspraxis wurde evaluiert mittels eines Fragebogens, der an 186 niedergelassene Dermatologen sowie 1491 Apotheken in Rheinland‐Pfalz und dem Saarland versendet wurde. Ziel war Erfassung und Einordnung von Verordnungsgewohnheiten und Problemen in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zur Optimierung der Patientenversorgung.ErgebnisseIn 351 Fällen (23,5 %) wurde ein beantworteter Fragebogen von Apothekern und in 53 Fällen (28,4 %) von Dermatologen zurückgesendet. Als häufigster Beweggrund (83 %) für die Verordnung eines Rezepturarzneimittels wurde von Dermatologen die Verordnung großer Mengen angegeben, häufigste Krankheitsbilder für die Verwendung von Rezepturen waren die Schuppenflechte und Ekzeme. Die am häufigsten verordneten Wirkstoffe waren Triamcinolonacetonid (80 %), Erythromycin (78,3 %) sowie Clotrimazol (72,5 %). Apotheker gaben an, dass die Kommunikation mit Ärzten „mit Ärger verbunden“ (58 %) sei und in einem viel zu geringen Umfang stattfinde (34 %).SchlussfolgerungenRezepturarzneimittel sind wichtige Instrumente zur optimalen Patientenversorgung. Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit stellt Apotheker und Ärzte vor Probleme. Expertisen müssen besser vereint werden, beispielsweise durch intensivere Aus‐ und Fortbildung. Studien zum Rezepturen‐Management sollten Probleme und Chancen in diesem Feld weiter untersuchen.
S3‐Leitlinie „Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut“ – Kurzfassung, Teil 2: Epidemiologie, chirurgische und systemische Therapie des Plattenepithelkarzinoms, Nachsorge, Prävention und Berufskrankheit
Authors: Leiter Ulrike , Heppt Markus V. , Steeb Theresa , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhardt , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , Flaig Michael , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kölbl Oliver , Kraywinkel Klaus , Löser Christoph , Nashan Dorothee , Noor Seema , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Garbe Claus , Berking Carola 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungAktinische Keratosen (AK) sind häufige Hautveränderungen bei hellhäutigen Menschen mit dem Potenzial, in ein kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) überzugehen. Beide Erkrankungen können mit erheblicher Morbidität verbunden sein und stellen eine große Krankheitslast insbesondere in der älteren Bevölkerung dar. Um eine evidenzbasierte, klinische Entscheidungsfindung zu unterstützen, wurde die Leitlinie „Aktinische Keratose und kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom“ auf der Methodikebene S3 nach dem Regelwerk der AWMF entwickelt. Die Leitlinie richtet sich dabei an Dermatologen, Allgemeinmediziner, HNO‐Ärzte, Chirurgen, Onkologen, Radiologen und Strahlentherapeuten in Klinik und Praxis sowie an andere medizinische Fachgebiete, die sich mit der Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten mit AK und PEK befassen. Die Leitlinie richtet sich auch an betroffene Patienten, deren Angehörige, politische Entscheidungsträger und Versicherungsgesellschaften. In diesem Teil behandeln wir die Themen Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, chirurgische und systemische Behandlung des PEK, Nachsorge des PEK, Prävention und Berufskrankheit durch AK und PEK.
Three‐dimensional Transesophageal images of a pulmonary autograft in the mitral position (Ross II Procedure) in an adult
Authors: Haddy Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew images are available in the literature of the Ross II procedure wherein the pulmonary valve is autotransplanted into the mitral position. These images are from a 33‐year‐old woman who underwent the procedure 18 years ago.
Feasibility study on the mhGAP‐IG as a tool to enhance parental awareness of symptoms of mental disorders in lower primary (6‐10 year old) school‐going children: Towards inclusive child mental health services in a Kenyan setting
Authors: Mutiso Victoria , Musyimi Christine , Tele Albert , Gitonga Isaiah , Ndetei David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims(1) To determine the feasibility of involving parents as key partners in school mental health activities; (2) to determine whether educating parents on mental health treatment Gap Intervention Guideline (mhGAP‐IG) section on children leads to enhanced parent perception of mental health symptoms in their children; and (3) to determine context appropriate social demographic predictors of the parental awareness following the psychoeducation using the mhGAP‐IG children version.MethodsConsenting parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Brief Problem Monitor for Parents (BPM‐P) about their children at baseline and at 6 months post‐baseline respectively. Immediately after post‐baseline, they received psychoeducation on the importance of mental well‐being in children and how to recognize symptoms of mental disorders, using the mhGAP‐IG section on children. This psychoeducation was the intervention between baseline and 6 months post‐baseline. We analysed means of mental disorder symptoms and prevalence of the various mental syndromes/problems on the CBCL/BPM‐P scores to determine the statistical significance of the changes between baseline and 6 months.ResultsOverall, there was significant increase (P < 0.05) in the symptoms mean scores and prevalence of syndromes/problems between baseline and 6 months post‐psychoeducation. However, there were some differences between urban and rural settings and in some parents and children socio‐demographics and gender that should be considered in individual cases.ConclusionIt is feasible to include parents in school mental health programmes as key stakeholders. The mhGAP‐IG section on children is a good tool for psychoeducation. However, there are predictors of outcomes that need further research.
Suicidality and social problem‐solving skills among individuals with first‐episode psychosis participating in Coordinated Specialty Care
Authors: Breitborde Nicholas J. K. , Wastler Heather , Pine Jacob G. , Moe Aubrey M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAlthough suicidal ideation may decrease over the course of participation in specialized clinical programmes for first‐episode psychosis (FEP), it is unclear whether such improvements exceed those that occur during treatment as usual. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying reductions in suicidal ideation and behaviour among individuals with first‐episode psychosis may highlight important strategies through which specialized clinical programmes can increase the potency of their services to reduce suicidality among this high‐risk population. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between suicidality and social problem‐solving skills among individuals with FEP participating in Coordinated Specialty Care.MethodsWithin‐subject mediational and moderational models were applied to explore the interrelationships and longitudinal course of suicidality, social problem‐solving and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).ResultsOver the first 6 months of care, individuals with FEP experienced improvements in social problem‐solving skills that were found to mediate concurrent reductions in suicidality. Although longitudinal changes in social problem‐solving skills were moderated by DUP, these results should be interpreted cautiously as they may stem in part from a relatively limited number of participants with longer durations of illness.ConclusionsImprovements in social problem‐solving skills during participation in CSC may facilitate reductions in suicidality. Treatments targeting suicidality among individuals with FEP may thus benefit from working to enhance social problem‐solving skills among these individuals. Further research is needed to clarify if and how DUP may influence the magnitude of change in social problem‐solving skills during participation in CSC.
An objective tool to measure the effect of botulinum toxin in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm
Authors: Osaki M. H. , Osaki T. H. , Garcia D. M. , Osaki T. , Gameiro G. , Belfort R. , Cruz A. A. V. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeIt is challenging to assess patients with blepharospasm (BSP) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) as these patients exhibit a wide range of amplitudes of eyelid movements. In order to quantify these movements, a mathematical algorithm, i.e. Fast Fourier Transform, can be employed to convert the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. The result of this quantification represents the energy generated during the eyelid movements. In order to objectively assess the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in these patients, we evaluated the energy generated by the upper eyelid during spontaneous eyelid movements before and after treatment.MethodsA total of 39 patients with BSP and HFS were evaluated before and 30 days after receiving onabotulinum toxin A injections. A high‐speed camera and micro light‐emitting diodes were used to register the spontaneous eyelid movements. The result of the quantification obtained using Fast Fourier Transform permitted assessment of the activity associated with the eyelid movements.ResultsWe studied 78 eyelids. The total energy generated during spontaneous eyelid movements was significantly reduced after treatment in the patients with BSP (P = 0.0018) and on the affected side in the patients with HFS (P = 0.0058).ConclusionsThe assessment of the energy generated by the upper eyelid during spontaneous eyelid movements enabled us to measure the therapeutic effects of BoNT in patients with these conditions. The use of this system could enable customized and fine adjustments to BoNT doses based on each patient’s needs.