bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel strategy for encapsulation and targeted delivery of poorly water‐soluble active substances
Authors: Markovic Maja D. , Panic Vesna V. , Seslija Sanja I. , Milivojevic Ana D. , Spasojevic Pavle M. , Boskovic‐Vragolovic Nevenka M. , Pjanovic Rada V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarriers for targeted delivery and controlled release of poorly water‐soluble active substances (PWSAS) are facing three challenges: (a) the encapsulation issues, (b) limitations of PWSAS water solubility, and (c) burst drug release which can be pharmacologically dangerous and economically inefficient. The present study brings a novel strategy for encapsulation and controlled release of PWSAS—caffeine in concentrations which are higher than its maximal water solubility without the possibility of burst effect. The modification of hydrophilic carrier based on poly(methacylic acid) was done using casein and liposomes. To further increase the maximal caffeine loading inside the carrier nicotinamide was used. The release study of the encapsulated PWSAS was elaborated with respect to morphology of the carriers and interactions that could be established between its structural components. The carriers swelling and the release of caffeine and nicotinamide were also investigated depending on caffeine concentration, the presence of different liposomal formulations and the volume ratio of liposomal formulation, in three media with different pH simulating the path of the carrier through the human gastrointestinal tract. The synthesized carriers are promising candidates for encapsulation of PWSAS in concentrations which are higher than its maximal water solubility and for the targeted delivery of those dosages.
New facets of larger Nest motifs in proteins
Authors: Pal Debnath , Sahu Subhankar , Banerjee Raja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Nest is a concave‐shaped structural motif in proteins formed by consecutive enantiomeric left‐handed (L) and right‐handed (R) helical conformation of the backbone. This important motif subsumes many turn and helix capping structures and binds electron‐rich ligands. Simple Nests are either RL or LR. Larger Nests (>2 residues long) may be RLR, LRL, RLRL, and so forth, being considered as composed of overlapping simple Nests. The larger Nests remain under‐explored despite their widely known contributions to protein function. In our study, we address whether the recurrence of enantiomeric geometry in the larger Nests constrains the peptide backbone such that distinct compositional and conformational preferences are seen compared to simple Nests. Our analysis reveals the critical role of the L helical torsion angle in the formation of larger Nests. This can be observed through the higher propensity of residue or secondary structure combinations in LR and LRL backbone conformation in comparison to RL or RLR, although LR/LRL is considerably lower by occurrence. We also find that the most abundant doublets and triplets in Nests have a propensity for particular secondary structures, suggesting a strong sequence‐structure relationship in the larger Nest. Overall, our analysis corroborates distinct features of simple and the larger Nests. Such insights would be helpful towards in‐vitro design of peptides and peptidomimetic studies.
Sensitivity of idealized mixed‐phase stratocumulus to climate perturbations
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Schneider Tapio , Kaul Colleen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations (LESs) that explicitly resolve boundary layer (BL) turbulence and clouds are used to explore the sensitivity of idealized Arctic BL clouds to climate perturbations. The LESs focus on conditions resembling springtime, when surface heat fluxes over sea ice are weak, and the cloud radiative effect is dominated by the long‐wave effect. In the LES, the condensed water path increases with BL temperature and free‐tropospheric relative humidity, but it decreases with inversion strength. The dependencies of cloud properties on environmental variables exhibited by the LES can largely be reproduced by a mixed‐layer model. Mixed‐layer model analysis shows that the liquid water path increases with warming because the liquid water gradient increase under warming overcompensates for geometric cloud thinning. This response contrasts with the response of subtropical stratocumulus to warming, whose liquid water path decreases as the clouds thin geometrically under warming. The results suggest that methods used to explain the response of lower‐latitude BL clouds to climate change can also elucidate changes in idealized Arctic BL clouds, although subtropical and Arctic clouds occupy different thermodynamic regimes.
Phenome–Genome Profiling of Single Bacterial Cell by Raman‐Activated Gravity‐Driven Encapsulation and Sequencing
Authors: Xu Teng , Gong Yanhai , Su Xiaolu , Zhu Pengfei , Dai Jing , Xu Jian , Ma Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe small size and low DNA amount of bacterial cells have hindered establishing phenome–genome links in a precisely indexed, one‐cell‐per‐reaction manner. Here, Raman‐Activated Gravity‐driven single‐cell Encapsulation and Sequencing (RAGE‐Seq) is presented, where individual cells are phenotypically screened via single‐cell Raman spectra (SCRS) in an aquatic, vitality‐preserving environment, then the cell with targeted SCRS is precisely packaged in a picoliter microdroplet and readily exported in a precisely indexed, “one‐cell‐one‐tube” manner. Such integration of microdroplet encapsulation to Raman‐activated sorting ensures high‐coverage one‐cell genome sequencing or cultivation that is directly linked to metabolic phenotype. For clinical Escherichia coli isolates, genome assemblies derived from precisely one cell via RAGE‐Seq consistently reach >95% coverage. Moreover, directly from a urine sample of urogenital tract infection, metabolic‐activity‐based antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and genome sequence of 99.5% coverage are obtained simultaneously from precisely one cell. This single‐cell global mutation map corroborates resistance phenotype and genotype, and unveils epidemiological features with high specificity and sensitivity. The ability to profile and correlate bacterial metabolic phenome and high‐quality genome sequences at one‐cell resolution suggests broad application of RAGE‐Seq.
The Synergetic Effect of Lithium Bisoxalatodifluorophosphate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on Dendrite Suppression for Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Pengcheng , Liu Fanfan , Feng YueZhan , Zhou Jiafeng , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorinated solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is particularly favored for dendrite suppression in lithium metal batteries because of the high Young's modulus (≈64.9 Gpa) and low electronic conductivity (10−31 S cm−1) of LiF. However, the transportation ability of Li+ in this fluorinated SEI under high current densities is limited by the low ionic conductivity of LiF (≈10−12 S cm−1). Herein, by rational design, 0.1 m lithium bisoxalatodifluorophosphate (LiDFBOP) is adopted to modify fluorinated SEI in FEC based electrolyte for fast charging lithium metal batteries. Benefiting from the synergetic effect of LiDFBOP and FEC, a fluorinated SEI rich in LiF and LixPOyFz species can be yielded, which can further improve the stability and ionic conductivity of SEI for fast Li+ transportation. Meanwhile, the average coulombic efficiency for Li plating/stripping is improved from 92.0% to 96.7%, thus promoting stable cycling of Li||Li symmetrical batteries with dendrite free morphologies, even at high current densities (3.0 mA cm−2) and high plating/stripping capacities (3.0 mAh cm−2). More attractively, in practical Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 batteries, the cycling life at 1C and rate capacities at 6C are also significantly improved. Therefore, the synergetic effect of LiDFBOP and FEC provides great potential for achieving advanced lithium metal batteries with fast charging ability.
Porous Carbon Membrane‐Supported Atomically Dispersed Pyrrole‐Type FeN4 as Active Sites for Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Yu‐Cheng , Wan Li‐Yang , Cui Pei‐Xin , Tong Lei , Ke Yu‐Qi , Sheng Tian , Zhang Miao , Sun Shu‐Hui , Liang Hai‐Wei , Wang Yue‐Sheng , Zaghib Karim , Wang Hong , Zhou Zhi‐You , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rational design of catalytically active sites in porous materials is essential in electrocatalysis. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe‐Nx sites supported by hierarchically porous carbon membranes are designed to electrocatalyze the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), one of the key techniques in electrochemical nitrogen transformation. The high intrinsic catalytic activity of the Fe‐Nx single‐atom catalyst together with the uniquely mixed micro‐/macroporous membrane support positions such an electrode among the best‐known heteroatom‐based carbon anodes for hydrazine fuel cells. Combined with advanced characterization techniques, electrochemical probe experiments, and density functional theory calculation, the pyrrole‐type FeN4 structure is identified as the real catalytic site in HzOR.
Intelligent manufacturing in industry 4.0: A case study of Sany heavy industry
Authors: Shan Siqing , Wen Xin , Wei Yigang , Wang Zijin , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndustrial Internet is an important component of Industry 4.0. It aims to help manufacturers achieve intelligent management and decision making. In information era, manufacturing is becoming increasingly sophisticated and intelligent. Traditional manufacturers are exploring approaches to improve their competitiveness. Industrial Internet appears to be the solution for them to achieve their goals. However, they lack the guidelines to implement Industrial Internet. As such, this paper reviews Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet and presents a case study about how Sany Heavy Industry applying systems thinking in implementing Industrial Internet and transforming itself into intelligent manufacturing. The growth path of intelligent manufacturing in Sany Heavy Industry is outlined. The directions for future development of intelligent manufacturing are discussed.
EFL vocabulary teaching beliefs and practices: The case of two teachers in Argentina
Authors: López‐Barrios Mario , San Martín Maria Gimena , Villanueva de Debat Elba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEFL teachers’ beliefs, a constituent of teacher cognition, influence their instructional practices. In vocabulary teaching, the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and practices has not been much studied so far, so further research in a variety of geographical and educational contexts is necessary to compare findings and observe both established and emerging trends. In this article the researchers analyze two teachers’ vocabulary teaching beliefs and their pedagogical procedures based on data from two different educational settings in Argentina, collected by a questionnaire and classroom observations, and from class materials and the progress tests used in class. Data triangulation allowed insights into the characteristics of both teachers’ vocabulary instruction, whereby the choice and amount of vocabulary taught, the aspects of lexical knowledge promoted, and the teaching and assessment techniques deployed revealed different degrees of coincidence with the stated beliefs. Results are in line with studies conducted in other geographical contexts and provide further evidence for the influence of the context of the lesson and the class on teachers’ decisions.
A rapid method for quantification of persistent and mobile organic substances in water using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Schulze Stefanie , Paschke Heidrun , Meier Till , Muschket Matthias , Reemtsma Thorsten , Berger Urs 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPersistent and mobile organic substances (PM substances) are a threat to the quality of our water resources. While screening studies revealed widespread occurrence of many PM substances, rapid trace analytical methods for their quantification in large sample sets are missing. We developed a quick and generic analytical method for highly mobile analytes in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water samples based on enrichment through azeotrope evaporation (4 mL water and 21 mL acetonitrile), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and quantification using a compound-specific correction factor for apparent recovery. The method was validated using 17 PM substances. Sample preparation recoveries were between 60 and 110% for the vast majority of PM substances. Strong matrix effects (most commonly suppressive) were observed, necessitating a correction for apparent recoveries in quantification. Apparent recoveries were neither concentration dependent nor dependent on the water matrix (surface or drinking water). Method detection and quantification limits were in the single- to double-digit ng L−1 ranges, precision expressed as relative standard deviation of quadruplicate quantifications was on average < 10%, and trueness experiments showed quantitative results within ± 30% of the theoretical value in 77% of quantifications. Application of the method to surface water, groundwater, raw water, and finished drinking water revealed the presence of acesulfame and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid up to 70 and 19 μg L−1, respectively. Melamine, diphenylguanidine, p-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine were found in high ng L−1 concentrations.
Comparison of ethanol concentrations in the human brain determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and serum ethanol concentrations
Authors: Thierauf-Emberger Annette , Echle Judith , Dacko Michael , Lange Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims
Ethanol is a widespread substance that inherits desired effects, but also negative consequences with regard to DUI or battery. Where required, the ethanol concentration is usually determined in peripheral venous blood samples, while the brain is the target organ of the ethanol effects. The aim of this study with three participants was the determination of the ethanol concentration in functionally relevant regions of the brain and the comparison with serum ethanol concentrations.

Design
After the uptake of ethanol in a calculated amount, leading to a serum ethanol concentration of 0.99 g/L, the ethanol concentrations in the brain were directly analyzed by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 3 Tesla human MRI system and normalized to the water content. The measurement voxels were located in the occipital cortex, the cerebellum, the frontal cortex, and the putamen and successively examined. Intermittently blood samples were taken, and serum was analyzed for ethanol using HS-GC-FID.

Findings and conclusions
Ethanol concentrations in brain regions normalized to the water content were lower than the measured serum ethanol results and rather homogenous within the three participants and the various regions of the brain. The maximum ethanol concentration in the brain (normalized to water content) was 0.68 g/L. It was measured in the frontal cortex, in which the highest results were gained. The maximum serum concentration was 1.19 g/L. The course of the brain ethanol curve seems to be flatter than the one of the serum ethanol concentrations.
Empfehlungen für ECMO bei COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Wiedemann Dominik , Bernardi Martin H. , Distelmaier Klaus , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Hermann Alexander , Holzer Michael , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Klepetko Walter , Lang György , Lassnigg Andrea , Laufer Günther , Magnet Ingrid A. M. , Markstaller Klaus , Röggla Martin , Rössler Bernhard , Schellongowski Peter , Simon Paul , Tschernko Edda , Ullrich Roman , Zimpfer Daniel , Staudinger Thomas ,   COVID-19 ECMO Arbeitsgruppe Medizinische Universität Wien
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie, die durch das SARS-CoV‑2 ausgelöst wird, hat bereits in vielen betroffenen Ländern zu gravierenden Ressourcenengpässen der jeweiligen Gesundheitssysteme geführt. Obwohl sehr viele COVID-19-Patienten nur moderate Symptome zeigen, entwickelt eine Subgruppe ein schweres respiratorisches oder auch kardiales Versagen. Die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) stellt eine wertvolle Therapieoption für Patienten mit therapierefraktärem Lungen- oder Herzversagen dar. Es bedarf klarer Empfehlungen, die den ECMO-Einsatz in dieser zahlenmäßig stetig steigenden Patientenpopulation regeln. Die ECMO-Arbeitsgruppe der Medizinischen Universität Wien hat daher die folgenden Empfehlungen für eine ECMO-Unterstützung bei COVID-19-Patienten formuliert.
Thermo-acoustic Instabilities in the PRECCINSTA Combustor Investigated Using a Compressible LES-pdf Approach
Authors: Fredrich Daniel , Jones William P. , Marquis Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work predicts the evolution of self-excited thermo-acoustic instabilities in a gas turbine model combustor using large eddy simulation. The applied flow solver is fully compressible and comprises a transported sub-grid probability density function approach in conjunction with the Eulerian stochastic fields method. An unstable operating condition in the PRECCINSTA test case—known to exhibit strong flame oscillations driven by thermo-acoustic instabilities—is the chosen target configuration. Good results are obtained in a comparison of time-averaged flow statistics against available measurement data. The flame’s self-excited oscillatory behaviour is successfully captured without any external forcing. Power spectral density analysis of the oscillation reveals a dominant thermo-acoustic mode at a frequency of 300 Hz; providing remarkable agreement with previous experimental observations. Moreover, the predicted limit-cycle amplitude is found to closely match its respective measured value obtained from experiments with rigid metal combustion chamber side walls. Finally, a phase-resolved study of the oscillation cycle is carried out leading to a detailed description of the physical mechanisms that sustain the closed feedback loop.
The prognostic significance of BMI1 expression in invasive breast cancer is dependent on its molecular subtypes
Authors: Althobiti Maryam , Muftah Abir A. , Aleskandarany Mohammed A. , Joseph Chitra , Toss Michael S. , Green Andrew , Rakha Emad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
BMI1, which is a major component of the polycomb group complex 1, is an essential epigenetic repressor of multiple regulatory genes and has been identified as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. However, its role in breast cancer (BC) remains to be defined. In this study, we have evaluated the prognostic significance of BMI1 among the different molecular subtypes and assessed its association with other breast CSC markers (BCSC).

Material and method
BMI1 copy number and mRNA was assessed in large and well-characterised cohorts of early-stage BC patients [METABRIC (n = 1980) and the Bc-GenExMiner (n = 9616) databases]. BMI1 protein expression was assessed using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 870 invasive BC patients with long-term outcome data and the expression of a panel of BCSC markers was monitored.

Result
BMI1 expression, prognostic significance and its association with BCSC markers were differed between molecular classes. In the luminal oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC, BMI1 showed significantly higher expression compared to ER− tumours. BMI1 showed positive correlation with favourable prognostic features and it was negatively associated with the expression of key BCSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD24, CD44, CD133, SOX10 and SOX9). High expression of BMI1 was associated with longer breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) independent of other prognostic variables. In the basal triple negative BC subtype, BMI1 expression showed positive association with CD133 and SOX10 and it was significantly associated with shorter BCSS.

Conclusion
High BMI1 expression is associated with clinicopathological variables and outcome in BC. However, this association is dependent on the molecular subtypes. Further functional assessment to detect its underlying mechanistic roles in BC subtypes is warranted.
On the Application of Nash Bargaining in Reverse Payment Cases in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Ecer Sencer , Montes Rodrigo , Weiskopf David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome applications of Nash bargaining in the antitrust analysis of reverse payment settlements estimate the bargaining power parameter as the split of the surplus in the actual settlement with alleged reverse payments. This estimated parameter is then used as the bargaining power parameter in the but-for world where reverse payments are prohibited. We demonstrate that this approach is incorrect. Indeed, in the but-for world there could theoretically be an alternative “no payment” settlement where reverse payments are prohibited. However, the prohibition on reverse payments disproportionately affects the shape of the bargaining set in favor of the patent holder. With this asymmetry in the bargaining set, the estimated “bargaining power” in the actual world (with a settlement) no longer accurately reflects the split of the surplus that would have been agreed during the but-for negotiation with no payments. Moreover, we find that keeping the split of the surplus constant between the actual and but-for worlds is not innocuous because it overestimates the extent of alleged generic delay.
Living on the Edge: Changes in the Foraging Strategy of a Territorial Ant Species Occurring with a Rival Supercolony – a Case Study
Authors: Maák István , Czekes Zsolt , Erős Katalin , Pálfi Zsófia , Markó Bálint 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTerritorial strategy in animals is characterized by the monopoly of resources inside a protected area, the territory. The presence of territorial species considerably alters the behavior of co-occurring submissives, as it is known in several submissive ant species living on the territories of red wood ants in temperate regions. On the other hand, as a rule, territorial species cannot share the same territory and usually exclude each other. However, this ‘rule’ is inferred from the almost complete lack of data on the coexistence of rival territorials, and not from observations regarding the effective exclusion or behavioral inhibition of one territorial species by other. In the frame of this study, we investigated the foraging strategy of the territorial red wood ant Formica pratensis that occurred inside a large polydomous system of another territorial ant species, F. exsecta. Formica pratensis colonies outside the supercolony served as control. Within the F. exsecta supercolony, F. pratensis showed the characteristics of a subordinate species characterized by low discovery and exploitation success of artificial food sources. On the contrary, control colonies outside the polydomous system clearly behaved like typical territorials as they successfully monopolized the majority of the baits. In addition, submissive species were more successful around the F. pratensis nests within the supercolony, than outside of it. As suggested by our results, territorial species could co-occur with other territorials given certain plasticity in their behavior and small colony size. Nevertheless, exclusion also happens as proven by our field observations.