bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the nutritional profile of outpatient haemodialysis patients in Beaumont Hospital
Authors: Forde Neasa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBeaumont Hospital Kidney Centre, Dublin is currently the largest provider of haemodialysis in Ireland. There is a dedicated renal dietetic team to address the nutritional needs of these patients. In order to provide an optimal service, a thorough understanding and insight of the service demands is needed. Currently there is no nutritional profile of these patients. Similarly the Renal dietetic team have not been in a position to identify if they are meeting current best practice guidelines, as outline by the National Kidney Foundation. E-Med, an online renal electronic notes system, was used to provide all dietetic notes during 2018. Using an audit template, an audit of these notes for outpatient haemodialysis patients was carried out to identify a number of nutritional issues. 75% (123/163) of outpatient haemodialysis patients received direct dietetic intervention in 2018. 76% of these patients demonstrated more than one nutritional issue and 16% displayed more than five nutritional issues. The most prevalent nutritional issues arising were hyperkalemia (41%) and hyperphosphatemia (33%). Currently guidelines, which recommend a dietetic review, every 3–4 months are not being met. 53% of patients received either none or only one direct dietetic intervention in this time period. The recommended ratio of 1:100 (dietitian: haemodialysis patient) is also not being met. Currently the ratio stands at 1:243 as the dietitian responsible for haemodialysis patients is also responsible for peritoneal dialysis patients. The average length of time recorded for each direct intervention was 1 hour. Beaumont Hospital haemodialysis outpatient cohort is a nutritionally complex group of patients, which require ongoing and frequent dietetic input. Beaumont Hospital renal dietitians are successfully providing at least one episode of direct intervention to the majority (75%) of the outpatient haemodialysis patients, suggesting efficient and effective use of available resources. An increase in dietetic staffing for the renal service could offer the potential to provide direct dietetic input to all haemodialysis patients within the hospital and to also provide an increased number of reviews to patients, as per guidelines. It is possible that the amount of time spent on dietetic patient assessments is being under-reported and further work is needed to cross-reference these figures using an alternative statistical package.
An investigation into the current practice of preparing, handling and reconstituting powdered infant milk in the domestic setting in Ireland
Authors: O'Neill Meabh , O'Neill Jennifer , Shannon Emma , O'Donovan Sinead , Dennehy Niamh , Regan Aileen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is recommended that infants are exclusively breastfed for the first six months. As the gold-standard in infant feeding, it is the safest and best way of ensuring infants achieve optimal health and development(1). Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) is not sterile and so, can be associated with bacteria such as Cronobacter spp(1–2). This bacterium can have an adverse effect on health in all age groups. However, the FAO/WHO have identified infants 0–12 months as a vulnerable group, with infants less than two months old and all immunocompromised infants regardless of age, being particularly at risk of infection(1).Guidance set out by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland on the safe preparation of PIF states that it is essential to boil one litre of fresh tap water and let it cool to 70°C, to kill any bacteria in the powder and retain sufficient amounts of nutrients. By preparing, handling and storing PIF in line with the guidance, parents can reduce potential risks of contamination(1–2).The aim of this study was to determine the current practice of reconstituting PIF in the domestic setting in Ireland. A sample of parents with a child aged 0–12 months (n = 228) completed a 30-item questionnaire online. Most respondents were first time parents (55%), female (89%), aged 25–44 years (99%) and educated to tertiary level (79%).The results revealed that 64% (n = 146) of respondents reported to fill the kettle with one litre of fresh tap water, but less than half (45%) follow the guidance, to cool the boiled water to the required 70oC(1–2). The majority 91% (n = 208), stated that they discard any unused feed within two hours. Furthermore, 29% (n = 67) of respondents reported to use an automatic bottle preparation machine, 75% (n = 171) said they are aware of safety aspects/risks associated with preparing PIF and most (97%, n = 221) felt confident in their ability to safely prepare their infant's PIF feed.It is evident that there is a need to highlight to all parents the importance of why and how PIF should be prepared and reconstituted at 70oC in accordance with the guidance(1–2), to minimise potential risks of contamination.
Production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): effect of inulin on microbial composition and CLA concentration in a human intestinal model
Authors: Carafa Ilaria , Masuero Domenico , Vrhovsek Urska , Bittante Giovanni , Franciosi Elena , Tuohy Kieran M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) show a number of putative health-promoting activities including anti-carcinogenic, anti-adipogenic, anti-diabetogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. CLAs are naturally produced by ruminal bacteria and several studies demonstrate that various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are also able to produce CLAs in vitro from linoleic acid (LA). However, the ability of the human gut microbiota to produce CLA is less extensively studied. Our hypothesis is that the human gut microbiota is able to convert LA to CLA, and that the readily fermentable fiber inulin would positively modulate the growth of CLA-producing bacteria and, consequently increase the CLA content in the intestine.The capability of the faecal microbiota from five healthy donors to produce CLA was tested in anaerobic batch cultures for 48 hours at pH 5.5 and 6.5. Test treatments were linoleic acid (LA; 1 mg/mL) + bovine serum albumin (BSA; 0.2 mg/mL), and LA (1 mg/mL) + BSA (0.2 mg/mL) + inulin (1%, w/v) compared to a control BSA (0.2 mg/mL) fermentation. The microbial composition was analyzed 0, 24 and 48 hours after starting the fermentation by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region). CLAs were quantified by Ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) and bi-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC).The inclusion of LA + BSA + inulin at pH 5.5 significantly increased the relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens (p < 0.05), and tended to increase the relative abundance of bifidobacteria. LA + BSA + inulin at both pH 5.5 and 6.5 reduced the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Bilophila, Clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). The concentration of CLA, in particular the isomer cis9,trans11 C18:2, was significantly higher in the LA + BSA + inulin group at pH 5.5 after 24 and 48 hours fermentation.The data show that the treatment LA + BSA + inulin at pH 5.5 induce substantial changes in microbiota composition, including bifidogenesis and CLA production in a human intestinal microbiota model. The changes of relative abundance detected are consistent with changes in gut bacteria previously linked to human health. Collinsella aerofaciens has been reported for reducing bloating, in particular in subjects suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, while Clostridia, Bilophila and Enterobacteriaceae causes human infections. In addition, the increase of bifidobacteria and LAB, which have previously been shown in vitro to produce CLA, may also be involved in CLA production under simulated cecal microbiome. These preclinical observations warrant confirmation in suitably designed animal and human mechanistic studies.
Association of Vitamin D with Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Females in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharazy Shatha , Alissa Eman , Ardawi Mohammed , Lanham-New Susan , Denise Robertson M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVitamin D (vitD) deficiency has been suspected as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been reported that an inverse relationship exists between vitD status and risk of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between vitD status and glycemic profile and other metabolic parameters among postmenopausal women with T2DM (living in Saudi Arabia). A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. One thirty six (n = 136) postmenopausal females (age ≥ 50 years) living in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia, with T2DM were randomly recruited in this study. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure readings and fasting blood samples were obtained fro all study participants. Several biochemical parameters were estimated in fasting serum samples including total 25(OH)D, HbA1c, insulin, glucose, c-peptide and lipid profile. Surrogate markers for insulin resistance were calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance and beta cell activity (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β), Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICK-I) and McAuley's index. VitD deficiency was defined as serum total 25(OH)D level below 20 ng/ml.The Mean (± SD) serum levels of total 25(OH)D were 13.8 ± 8.6 ng/ml with 79% of the study cohort being vitD deficient. Furthermore, serum total 25(OH)D levels were found to be inversely correlated with fasting insulin (r = -0.24, p = 0.029), HOMA-IR (r = -0.24, p = 0.03), and positively correlated with McAuley's index (r = 0.22, p = 0.048) and QUICK-I (r = 0.25, p = 0.024). In conclusion, vitD deficiency is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women with T2DM living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. VitD was found to be associated with insulin resistance. Whether vitD supplements are able to improve insulin sensitivity and other parameters in T2DM postmenopausal women should be further investigated.
Energy expenditure of flight crew of military transport aviation depending on function during typical training activities
Authors: Bertrandt Bartosz , Lakomy Roman , Kler Pawel , Bertrandt Jerzy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe knowledge of energy expenditure during typical activities is the basic information to estimate nutritional requirements. This is especially important with irregular lifestyle, such as service in transport aviation. Aircraft personnel fly in every part of a day. Flights often take place with changes in climate and time zones. Time of flights fluctuated from a several dozen to a dozen hours.AimThe aim of the work was to assess and compare the energy expenditure of military aircraft crews – “CASA C-295”, “ C-130 Hercules” and helicopter “W-3 Sokol” during typical air training activities.Material & MethodThe study was conducted in a group of 31 members of flight crews. The energy expenditure was based on the examination of heart rate frequency with the Polar RS800 heart rate monitor.ResultsThe study was conducted among crew members of various types of transports aircrafts. The average value of energy expenditure of the CASA pilots (n = 14) was 3,071 ± 0,84 kcal/min (training flight during the day, n = 10) and 5,64 ± 2,45 kcal/min (training flight during the night and in noctovision goggles, n = 4). In a group of flight technicians (n = 7) in aircraft Herules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 3,55 ± 1,83 kcal/min (passeneger reception and service). In a group of loadmasters (n = 6), in aircraft CASA and Hercules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 6,63 ± 1,55 kcal/min (baggage service, dropping paratroopers). The average energy expenditure in a group of paramedics (n = 4), which are members of helicopter W-3 Sokol crew was 8,51 ± 4,29 kcal/min (going down the rope, lifting wounded person from watercrafts).ConclusionThe presented data show the variation in energy expenditure between groups, as well as within groups. The energy expenditure was varied depending on the function on board and on the conditions in which the tasks were performer. Obtained values of energy expenditures during flights allow to classify the work performed in the categories of work from light to heavy (according to the Christensen's classification). Nutrition in the study group should be adapted to the nature of the work performed.
Early insulin resistance is associated with alterations in gut permeability and microbial activity in rats fed a moderately westernized diet
Authors: Davila Anne-Marie , Blais Anne , Culetto Marta Grauso , Mathé Véronique , Lan Annaïg , Mariotti François , Blachier François , Hermier Dominique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Western societies, unbalanced diets may lead to intestinal allostatic stress, with microbial dysbiosis and alteration of the gut barrier function. These local modifications may induce a low-grade inflammation via endotoxemic process, which contribute to systemic alterations clustering into the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the sequence of events initiating the MetS in rats challenged with a diet that differed moderately from the dietary guidelines, regarding the proportions and nature of energy, carbohydrates, lipids and fibre.Male Wistar rats (265 g upon arrival) were with either a standard diet (Con, n = 10, 3730 kcalkg, 4.0% lipids, 6.3% sucrose, 58.0% starch, 5.0% fibre) or a westernized induction diet (Ind, n = 10, moderately enriched in energy (4120 kcal/kg), lipid (24.0%), and sugars (15%, half sucrose-half fructose), and low in starch (25.5%) and fibre (1.25%). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after 3 weeks. Rats were euthanized after a further week for body composition and collection of caecum content and tissue samples. LPS-binding protein (LPS-BP) was assayed in plasma; ileum and colon samples were used for measurement of wall barrier function (using Ussing chambers) and microbial activity was assessed in caecum (enzymes and metabolites).Body weight did not differ between Con and Ind groups at any time, as well as the absolute masses and proportions of visceral adipose tissue and liver. Fasting triglyceride, glucose, insulin and LPS-BP concentrations, HOMA index and glucose AUC during the OGTT were similar in both groups. When compared to the Con group, Ind rats showed significantly higher risk markers, i.e.: (1) Insulin AUC (x2); (2) Hepatic triglyceride content (x2.8); (3) Wall permeability at both the para- and transcellular levels (x2.6 and 4.3, respectively) in the ileum (but not in the colon). In the caecum, H2S absolute and relative amounts were twice higher in the Ind group, in relation with 2–3-fold increases in specific and total activities of microbial cysteine desulfhydrase and proteases.Multiple dietary changes mimicking a moderately westernized diet induced an increased ileal permeability and changes in the caecal microbial activity, without evidence of endotoxemia. These perturbations were associated with detrimental rupture of homeostasis at both the splanchnic (hepatic steatosis) and systemic (insulin resistance) levels. In this realistic model, these alterations preceded the occurrence of clinical markers of the MetS (obesity and elevated plasma concentrations of glucose and triglyceride).
Towards a novel marker of insulin resistance in obesity: S100A4 in girls along the puberty. The longitudinal study “PUBMEP”
Authors: Anguita-Ruiz Augusto , Méndez-Gutierrez Andrea , Ruperez Azahara I. , Leis Rosaura , Bueno Gloria , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Gil Angel , Aguilera Concepción M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Insulin resistance (IR) is the major driver for the development of obesity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. It is well known that IR increase physiologically during puberty; hence, pubertal maturation might favour this metabolic risk in obese children. Recently, a study carried out in adult women with obesity has identified a new adipokine, known as S100A4, strongly associated with IR and inflammation in adipose tissue. On the contrary, little is known about the implication of S100A4 in the development of such metabolic disturbances during the onset and course of pubertal development.Materials and methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 53 Spanish girls distributed in six experimental conditions according to their obesity and IR status (before (T0) and after (T1) the onset of puberty). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated in all samples and time points. Classification of pubertal stage was made according to the Tanner scale. S100A4 protein levels were quantified by ELISA CSB-EL02032HU in plasma samples (Cusabio Biotech, Wuhan, China). The statistical analysis of the results was carried out with the “nlme” package in R v3.4.4, using a mixed-effects linear model with random intercept and slope.Results:At a significance level of alpha = 0.05, a linear mixed-effects model reported a significant association (P = 0.03) between the interaction term “time*experimental group” and S100A4 levels. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons between experimental groups revealed a strong association between a worsening/improvement of the IR status and the increase/decrease of S100A4 levels (yielding significant results for 5 of the 15 comparisons (P = 0.008, P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P = 0.04 and P = 0.02)). Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model reported a positive correlation between the increase in S100A4 levels and the increase in HOMA values during the course of puberty (B = 6.03, SE = 2.66 and P = 0.028).Discussion:The S100A4 protein is strongly associated with the development of IR in girls with childhood obesity and this association is accentuated during pubertal development. Increase in S100A4 levels could be one of the molecular mechanisms by which pubertal maturation favour an increased metabolic risk in children with obesity.
An investigation into the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index and birth outcomes of newborn in Jersey
Authors: Sliwka Urszula , Przybylowicz Katarzyna , MacLachlan Neil , Morze Jakub , Danielewicz Anna , Surma Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe role of nutritional status of pregnant women and birth outcomes is ambiguous. Recent studies show that pre-pregnancy body weight is equally important as weight gain during pregnancy. Body mass index (BMI) is the most accessible and easy to check a nutritional status index, which may help to control the gestation and predict infant health outcome. This study aimed to examine the associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index and the infant birth parameters. A presented observational study was offered to 200 pregnant women from Antenatal Clinic at Jersey General Hospital in 2017. Total number of 83 women agreed to take part in this project. Diet, lifestyle, socio-economic, and demographic data were obtained from participants. Delivery and birth data were taken from hospital records. Offspring feeding data and selected anthropometric measurements for mothers and their newborns were also collected. Differences between BMI for delivery type and way of feeding were verified with chi-square test. Differences and correlation between maternal BMI and newborn outcomes were verified with Kruskal-Wallis’ test and Spearman's rank test. Mean BMI of mothers included to the study was 22.8 ± 4.4 with mean weight 61.9 ± 11.6. Before pregnancy BMI was normal in 67% women and about 23% was overweight or obese. We do not observed differences between delivery type and way of feeding during first 48 hours, and women in BMI categories. Also no differences and correlation were observed for the Apgar score, gestational age of birth, and newborn's weight and length at birth. However, newborn weight correlated with newborn length (r = 0.433) and gestational age (r = 0.568) at birth. Concluding, the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was not correlated with type of delivery, way of feeding and newborn outcomes. Previous studies show that high pre-pregnancy maternal BMI may be associated with adverse offspring outcomes at birth and later life. Future extended research is needed to explain these relations, with inclusion of the specific factors as maternal diet, lifestyle and ethnicity.
Association between a metabolic syndrome score and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in European children: the IDEFICS study
Authors: Gonzalez-Gil Esther M. , Nappo Annunziata , Santabarbara Javier , Wolters Maike , Russo Paola , De Henauw Stefaan , Veidebaum Toomas , Molnar Denes , Ahrens Wolfgang , Moreno Luis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors that may be present already in childhood. MetS has been associated with inflammatory biomarkers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in aduls. In 2014, Ahrens et al, published reference standards for a paediatric MetS score based on reference values from European children. The aim of this study is to assess longitudinally the relationship between a MetS score and hsCRP in a sample of European children.Materials and MethodsOut of the baseline sample of the IDEFICS Study, 2913 children aged 2–9 years were included in this study. Inclusion criteria was having available data of waist circumference (WC), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP, SBP), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), glucose and insulin, to calculate the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA); and hs-CRP as a marker of inflammation, at baseline (T0) and two years later (T1). hs-CRP was categorized into two categories as some children had lower concentration than the detection limit of 0.02mg/dL. Student t-test and logistic regression were used to assess these associations. Logistic regression was adjusted by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic level and country.ResultsDifferences of mean values of the components of the MetS and the two categories of hs-CRP were observed between both time points. Mean values of SBP, DBP, WC, TG and HOMA were significantly higher in children with a higher category of hsCRP (p < 0.005). In addition, MetS score was significantly higher in those with a higher category of hs-CRP (p < 0.001) at both measurement points, T0 and T1. Finally, logistic regression between components of MetS and categories of hs-CRP, at both time points, showed significant associations (p < 0.001) for WC (OR = 1.06 at T0 and OR = 1.04 at T1) and HDL (OR = 0.98 at T0 and OR = 0.98 at T1) and the MetS score (OR = 1.07) score at T1.DiscussionThe association between MetS and inflammation is already present in children. Out of the components of the MetS, WC and HDL were the ones more associated with an inflammatory state at two times points. Also the MetS score, but only at the follow-up, was associated with the hs-CRP. Therefore, in order to prevent the inflammatory state in childhood, efforts to improve the metabolic profile, specially WC and HDL, need to be made.