bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraforaminal Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block‐Description of a Posterolateral Approach With Cone Beam–Based CT Guidance
Authors: Reddy Shawn , Wu Jiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCervical selective nerve root blocks (C‐SNRBs) maintain utility for presurgical planning in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Traditional fluoroscopic or stationary computed tomography (CT)‐guided methods have been associated with complications, including catastrophic neurologic insults, while ultrasound guidance has been investigated based on its theoretical advantages. Maximizing patient safety by obtaining superior anatomic and procedural details promotes the exploration for better alternative guidance.MethodsWe describe a novel approach of posterolateral (PL) extraforaminal (EF) C4 SNRB using cone beam–based CT (CBCT)/fluoroscopy, which was performed on 3 separate occasions for 1 patient with suspected right C4 radiculopathy for presurgical evaluation. CBCT/fluoroscopy uniquely provides the function of both CT and fluoroscopy using a C‐arm machine. It allows precise 3‐dimensional needle planning and sophisticated 2‐dimensional needle guidance, while ensuring tight needle control and detailed monitoring of contrast spread.ResultsA successful right C4 SNRB was repeatedly achieved, as evidenced by postprocedural paresthesias over the C4 dermatomal distribution and periradicular contrast spread. Additionally, the patient reported symptomatic relief (with regard to pain scores and neck range of motion), leading to cancelation of his surgical plan.ConclusionWe propose the PL‐EF approach as the safest protocol for C‐SNRBs. When compared with fluoroscopy or CT, CBCT/fluoroscopy is an advanced imaging system that provides superior anatomic neurovascular detail, while offering precise needle control, contrast media monitoring, and easy operation in an office setting. These advanced features support it as the ideal guidance method for maximizing both the safety and efficiency of the PL‐EF C‐SNRB approach. However, the claimed advantages cannot be concluded without increasing its accessibility to pain specialists and conducting a prospective study with a large sample size.
Epidemiology of marine gill diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: a review
Authors: Boerlage Annette S. , Ashby Angela , Herrero Ana , Reeves Aaron , Gunn George J. , Rodger Hamish D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGill disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the marine environment has emerged as a significant problem for the salmon aquaculture industry. Different types of marine salmon gill disease reported include amoebic gill disease (AGD), parasitic gill disease, viral gill disease, bacterial gill disease, zooplankton (cnidarian nematocyst)‐associated gill disease, harmful algal gill disease and chemical/toxin‐associated gill disease. The term ‘multifactorial gill disease’ is used when multiple distinguishable types of disease (as opposed to an obvious single primary type) are present. When gill disease is non‐specific, it is referred to as ‘complex gill disease’ (CGD) or ‘complex gill disorder’. These two terms are often used interchangeably and are overlapping. The significance of many infectious and non‐infectious agents that may be associated with CGD is often unclear. In this review, we summarise aspects of the different types of gill disease that are relevant to the epidemiology of gill disease and of CGD in particular. We also tabulate simultaneously occurring putative pathogens to explore the multifactorial nature of gill disease.
Are different motivations and social capital score associated with return behaviour among Brazilian voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors?
Authors: Estrada Fernanda G. M. D. , Oliveira Claudia D. L. , Sabino Ester C. , Custer Brian , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Murphy Edward L. , Teles Dahra , Mendrone‐Junior Alfredo , Witkin Steve S. , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundWe examined the association between social capital score, motivator factors and demographic and donation characteristics and donor return at three Brazilian blood centres in Recife, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte.Material and methodsA total of 5974 donors were interviewed about motivation factors to donate and cognitive and structural social capital just before an effective donation in three Brazilians blood centres in 2009. We assessed the return to a new donation within 2 years for each of these donors. Demographic and donation characteristics, motivators and scores of social capital and their association with donors' return were assessed.ResultsOverall, 3123 (52.3%) of the study subjects returned for a blood donation at least once. Predictors of donors' return were male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6, 1.3‐1.9, for replacement and AOR = 1.3, 1.2‐1.6, for community donors), previous donation (AOR = 2.7, 2.3‐3.3, for replacement and AOR = 2.9, 2.5‐3.5, for community donors) and high altruism (AOR = 1.3, 1.1‐1.7, for replacement and AOR = 1.2, 1.0‐1.5, for community donors). Altruism was the only motivator associated with return behaviour. Donors from Recife and São Paulo were more likely to return for replacement and/or for community donations than donors from Belo Horizonte. There was no association between social capital score and donor return behaviour.ConclusionThe likelihood to return for a subsequent blood donation is dependent upon characteristics of individual donors and also varies in different regions of Brazil. However, social capital was not associated with the likelihood of return behaviour. A better understanding of altruistic categories and appeals may help to improve donor recruitment and retention.
Report on the 19th International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Immunology Workshop 2018
Authors: Lewin Antoine , Al Khan Shadhiya , Beaudin Lynnette , Meilleur Lynne , Clarke Gwen , Richard Lucie 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectivesThe aims of the 19th International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Immunology Workshop were to compare the sensitivity and specificity of in‐house and commercially available methods for the detection of alloantibodies against human platelet antigens. Survey regarding laboratory management of samples collected for the diagnosis of foetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia was also conducted.Materials and methodsTwenty‐nine laboratories from 17 countries were invited to participate. Seven serum or plasma samples for antibody identification and eight DNA samples for genotyping were sent to participating laboratories. Additionally, samples, critical reagents, materials and instructions for three exercises, one using a commercial kit (Pak Lx), one on platelet preparation for the detection of anti‐HPA‐3 antibodies and one for testing four anti‐CD109 monoclonal antibodies for anti‐HPA‐15 antibody detection, were provided.ResultsAnti‐HPA‐1a, anti‐HPA‐2b, anti‐HPA‐5b and anti‐GPIV were detected by the majority of the 28 reporting laboratories using their respective in‐house MAIPA assay and/or a commercially available assay. Conversely, very few laboratories correctly identified anti‐HPA‐3a and HPA‐15b. DNA genotyping of HPA and HLA alleles was highly accurate, with just a few discrepancies relative to the expected results. The Pak Lx kit has proven reliable for detecting anti‐HPA‐1a, anti‐HPA‐5a and anti‐HLA; however, it failed at identifying an anti‐HPA‐3a in a clinical sample.ConclusionsSome anti‐platelet alloantibodies are reliably and consistently detected, yet others remain difficult to detect. Genotyping of HPA and HLA alleles has proven to be highly accurate and robust. Future work should focus on optimizing the detection of anti‐HPA‐3 and anti‐HPA‐15 antibodies.
Sprint Endurance Abilities in Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Castagna Carlo , D’Ottavio Stefano , Gabrielli Paolo Roberto , Póvoas Susana 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To profile sprint endurance performance of elite-level female soccer players. Methods: Twenty-five female national-team soccer players (age 25.1 [2.7] y, body mass 59.6 [3.6] kg, height 168.5 [4.1] cm) were tested for sprint endurance, performing 5 maximal sprints, interspersed with 30 seconds of active recovery (5 × 30 m) and a 30-second all-out shuttle run in a soccer pitch. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1) evaluated intermittent high-intensity endurance under the same field-testing conditions. Maximal anaerobic capacity was assessed while participants performed three 10-second all-out bouts separated by 20 seconds of passive recovery (3 × 10 s) on a nonmotorized treadmill. Results: Huge interplayer variability was observed for sprint decrements in 3 × 10 seconds (coefficient of variation = 37%) and 5 × 30 m (coefficient of variation = 62%). The 3 × 10 performance was largely associated with 5 × 30-m mean and best time and very largely with 30 seconds. A very large and nearly perfect correlation was observed between 30 seconds and 5 × 30 mMean (r = −.86) and 5 × 30 mBest (r = −.92), respectively. The YYIR1 was moderately to largely associated with 5 × 30-m variables and 30 seconds, respectively. A nearly perfect association was observed between 5 × 30 mBest and 5 × 30 mMean (r = .97). Conclusions: Elite female soccer players’ sprint endurance variables are characterized by remarkable variability. Associations between sprint endurance variables suggest physiological interdependence and a likelihood of a general ability in sustaining sprinting in this population.
Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits
Authors: Hage S. , Galy V.V. , Cartigny M.J.B. , Acikalin S. , Clare M.A. , Gröcke D.R. , Hilton R.G. , Hunt J.E. , Lintern D.G. , McGhee C.A. , Parsons D.R. , Stacey C.D. , Sumner E.J. , Talling P.J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10× higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up &gt;70% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated.
Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
Authors: Zhu Wenyue , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Zheng Yalin , Harding Simon , Czanner Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundClinical research and management of retinal diseases greatly depend on the interpretation of retinal images and often longitudinally collected images. Retinal images provide context for spatial data, namely the location of specific pathologies within the retina. Longitudinally collected images can show how clinical events at one point can affect the retina over time. In this review, we aimed to assess statistical approaches to spatial and spatio-temporal data in retinal images. We also review the spatio-temporal modelling approaches used in other medical image types.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature review of both spatial or spatio-temporal approaches and non-spatial approaches to the statistical analysis of retinal images. The key methodological and clinical characteristics of published papers were extracted. We also investigated whether clinical variables and spatial correlation were accounted for in the analysis.ResultsThirty-four papers that included retinal imaging data were identified for full-text information extraction. Only 11 (32.4%) papers used spatial or spatio-temporal statistical methods to analyse images, others (23 papers, 67.6%) used non-spatial methods. Twenty-eight (82.4%) papers reported images collected cross-sectionally, while 6 (17.6%) papers reported analyses on images collected longitudinally. In imaging areas outside of ophthalmology, 19 papers were identified with spatio-temporal analysis, and multiple statistical methods were recorded.ConclusionsIn future statistical analyses of retinal images, it will be beneficial to clearly define and report the spatial distributions studied, report the spatial correlations, combine imaging data with clinical variables into analysis if available, and clearly state the software or packages used.
Extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in refugee and migrant populations: retrospective cohort
Authors: Wouda Eva Maria Nadine , Thielemans Laurence , Darakamon Mue Chae , Nge Aye Aye , Say Wah , Khing Sanda , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Ngerseng Thatsanun , Landier Jordi , van Rheenen Patrick Ferry , Turner Claudia , Nosten Francois , McGready Rose , Carrara Verena Ilona 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo describe neonatal survival and long-term neurological outcome in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NH) with extreme serum bilirubin (SBR) values.DesignRetrospective chart review, a one-off neurodevelopmental evaluation.SettingSpecial care baby unit in a refugee camp and clinics for migrant populations at the Thailand–Myanmar border with phototherapy facilities but limited access to exchange transfusion (ET).PatientsNeonates ≥28 weeks of gestational age with extreme SBR values and/or acute neurological symptoms, neurodevelopment evaluation conducted at 23–97 months of age.Main outcome measuresNeonatal mortality rate, prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) signs, prevalence of delayed development scores based on the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (GMDS).ResultsFrom 2009 to 2014, 1946 neonates were diagnosed with jaundice; 129 (6.6%) had extreme SBR values during NH (extreme NH). In this group, the median peak SBR was 430 (IQR 371–487) µmol/L and the prevalence of ABE was 28.2%. Extreme NH-related mortality was 10.9% (14/129). Median percentile GMDS general score of 37 survivors of extreme NH was poor: 11 (2–42). ‘Performance’, ‘practical reasoning’ and ‘hearing and language’ domains were most affected. Four (10.8%) extreme NH survivors had normal development scores (≥50th centile). Two (5.4%) developed the most severe form of kernicterus spectrum disorders.ConclusionIn this limited-resource setting, poor neonatal survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes, after extreme NH, were high. Early identification and adequate treatment of NH where ET is not readily available are key to minimising the risk of extreme SBR values or neurological symptoms.
Diuretics and heart failure: 10 things you need to know
Authors: Laver Alex , Dickson Dave 
Published: May 2020

Background: Diuretics are the cornerstone of heart failure therapy in veterinary medicine, yet their use can cause confusion and concern in practice. To gather material for this article, the authors asked their peers what they most wanted to know about the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF).Aim of the article: This article aims to answer some of the most common questions about the use of diuretics in the treatment of CHF.
Monitoring congestive heart failure
Authors: Hezzell Melanie 
Published: May 2020

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome that is commonly encountered in small animal practice. It is characterised by the accumulation of fluid as a result of severe heart disease. This fluid accumulation manifests as pulmonary oedema in left‐sided CHF and as cavitary effusions (pleural, pericardial and ascites) in right‐sided CHF. The clinical consequences of both CHF itself and its medical management can have a significant impact on a patient's welfare; appropriate monitoring is therefore crucial to maintaining a good quality of life.Aim of the article: This article reviews the goals of monitoring CHF and discusses the methods available in veterinary practice.
In situ hybridisation for albumin RNA in paediatric liver cancers compared with common immunohistochemical markers
Authors: Chen Diane Ann , Koehne de Gonzalez Anne , Fazlollahi Ladan , Coffey Amy , Remotti Helen E. , Lagana Stephen M. 
Published: May 2020

AimsIn situ hybridisation (ISH) for albumin mRNA is a sensitive marker of primary liver tumours in adults. However, paediatric tumours, such as hepatoblastoma (HB) and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), have not been tested thoroughly and may require ancillary tests to diagnose with confidence. We aim to determine if albumin ISH is useful in the pathological evaluation of these malignancies and to compare it to commonly used immunohistochemical markers HepPar 1 (HEPA) and arginase-1 (ARG).MethodsTissue microarrays of 26 HB and 10 FLC were constructed. Controls included 4 embryonal undifferentiated sarcomas of the liver, 51 neuroblastomas and 64 Wilms tumours. We evaluated a commercially available RNA ISH to detect albumin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for HEPA and ARG was performed in the usual fashion.ResultsTwenty-six of 26 HB showed positive staining by albumin ISH including 14 fetal, 8 embryonal and 4 mixed variants. All 10 FLC were diffusely positive. The sensitivity and specificity of albumin ISH were 100% for HB and FLC. ARG had 100% sensitivity and specificity for HB (26 of 26 cases) and FLC (9 of 9). HEPA stained 22 of 26 HB (85% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity) and 7 of 9 FLC (78% sensitivity, 99.1% specificity).ConclusionAlbumin RNA ISH is a useful test to determine hepatocytic origin in HB and FLC. ARG was equally sensitive and easy to interpret, while HEPA was inferior to both in HB and FLC.
Gender medicine: its historical roots
Authors: Lippi Donatella , Bianucci Raffaella , Donell Simon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGender medicine as a subject began with Bernadine Healy’s 1991 article ‘The Yentl Syndrome’ which showed that women had worse outcomes following heart attacks since their symptoms are different from men. Since then gender-specific clinical research protocols have been progressively included so that evidence for guidelines can be better informed such that women are then less disadvantaged and care become more personalised. This paper traces back the historical roots of gender bias in medicine in Western culture, which is reflected in the pictorial arts and writings of each historical period, beginning with Hippocrates. It describes the changes that have led to attempts at improving the place of women, and the treatments of disease, on an equal footing with men, precipitated by Healy’s paper.
Incidence and etiology of postoperative neurological symptoms after peripheral nerve block: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lam Karen K , Soneji Neilesh , Katzberg Hans , Xu Li , Chin Ki Jinn , Prasad Arun , Chan Vincent , Niazi Ahtsham , Perlas Anahi 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundNerve injury from peripheral nerve block (PNB) is an uncommon but potentially serious complication. We present a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the incidence and etiology of new postoperative neurological symptoms after surgery and regional anesthesia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all PNBs performed on elective orthopedic and plastic surgical patients over 6 years (2011–2017). We collected patient and surgical data, results of neurophysiological and imaging tests, neurology and chronic pain consultations, etiology and outcome for patients with prolonged neurological symptoms (lasting ≥10 days).ResultsA total of 26 251 PNBs were performed in 19 219 patients during the study period. Transient postoperative neurological symptoms (<10 days) were reported by 14.4% (95% CI 13.1% to 15.7%) of patients who were reached by telephone follow-up. Prolonged postoperative neurological symptoms (≥10 days) were identified and investigated in 20 cases (1:1000, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.6). Of these 20 cases, three (0.2:1000, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.5) were deemed to be block related, seven related to surgical causes, three due to musculoskeletal causes or pain syndromes, one was suspected of having an inflammatory etiology and six remained of undetermined etiology. Of those who completed follow-up, 56% had full recovery of their symptoms with the remaining having partial recovery.ConclusionThis retrospective review of 19 219 patients receiving PNBs for anesthesia or analgesia suggests that determining the etiology and causative factors of postoperative neurological symptoms is a complex, often challenging process that requires a multidisciplinary approach. We suggest a classification of cases based on the etiology. A most likely cause was identified in 70% of cases. This type of classification system can help broaden the differential diagnosis, help consider non-regional anesthesia and non-surgical causes and may be useful for clinical and research purposes.
Earlier is better when treating rheumatoid arthritis: but can we detect a window of opportunity?
Authors: Bergstra Sytske Anne , Van Der Pol Joy A , Riyazi Naghmeh , Goekoop-Ruiterman Yvonne P M , Kerstens Pit J S M , Lems Willem , Huizinga Tom W J , Allaart Cornelia F 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe window of opportunity (WOO) hypothesis suggests a limited time frame to stop rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesised that a WOO could either be represented by a hyperbolic (‘curved’) decline in the chance to achieve the outcome sustained drug-free remission (sDFR) over time, after which achieving sDFR is not possible anymore, or by a more gradual linear decline approaching zero chance to achieve sDFR.MethodsPatients with RA (symptom duration <2 years) were included from two randomised trials: BehandelStrategieën (BeSt), n=508 and Induction therapy with Methotrexate and Prednisone in Rheumatoid Or Very Early arthritic Disease (IMPROVED), n=479. Cox-regression was performed to assess the shape of the association between symptom duration and sDFR (Disease Activity Score<1.6, no disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for ≥1 year) for patients starting slow-acting monotherapy (IMPROVED, BeSt) or fast-acting combination therapy (BeSt). Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare the fit of linear and non-linear models in both databases separately. Predictions from the best fitting models were used to assess whether the absolute risk to achieve sDFR approaches zero with increasing symptom duration.ResultsIn BeSt and IMPROVED, 54/226 and 110/421 patients achieved sDFR with fast-acting treatment, and 53/243 (BeSt) with slow-acting treatment. Non-linear models did not fit better than linear models (fast-acting treatment BeSt p=0.743, IMPROVED p=0.337; slow-acting treatment BeSt p=0.609). After slow-acting monotherapy, linear models declined steeper. None of the models approached zero chance to achieve sDFR over time.ConclusionsThe chance to achieve sDFR decreased gradually over time, and decreased fastest in patients starting slow-acting monotherapy. In both treatment groups, we found no evidence for a WOO within 2 years symptom duration.