bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnant Aboriginal women self-assess health risks from smoking and efficacy to quit over time using an adapted Risk Behaviour Diagnosis (RBD) Scale
Authors: Gould Gillian Sandra , Chiu Simon , Oldmeadow Christopher , Bar-Zeev Yael , Bovill Michelle ,   ICAN QUIT in Pregnancy Pilot Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDuring pregnancy, the imperative to stop smoking becomes urgent due to health risks for mother and baby.AimExplore responses to a smoking-related, pregnancy-focused Risk Behaviour Diagnosis (RBD) Scale over time with Aboriginal1pregnant women.MethodsSix Aboriginal Medical Services in three states recruited 22 eligible women: ⩽28 weeks' gestation, ⩾16 years old, smoked tobacco, pregnant with an Aboriginal baby. Surveys were completed at baseline (n= 22), 4-weeks (n= 16) and 12-weeks (n= 17). RBD Scale outcome measures included: perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), perceived efficacy (response and self-efficacy), fear control (avoidance), danger control (intentions to quit) and protection responses (protecting babies).ResultsAt baseline, the total mean threat scores at 4.2 (95% CI: 3.9–4.4) were higher than total mean efficacy scores at 3.9 (95% CI: 3.6–4.1). Over time there was a non-significant reduction in total mean threat and efficacy; fear control increased; danger control and protection responses remained stable. Reduction of threat and efficacy perceptions, with raised fear control responses, may indicate a blunting effect (a coping style which involves avoidance of risks).ConclusionIn 22 Aboriginal pregnant women, risk perception changed over time. A larger study is warranted to understand how Aboriginal women perceive smoking risks as the pregnancy progresses so that health messages are delivered accordingly.
Falling from horses: medical controversy in early eighteenth-century England
Authors: Pender Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOn Tuesday, 12 April 1726, Robert Worger fell from his horse at Barnham Down, Kent, hitting his head on the ground ‘with strong Force’. Unconscious, he was taken to Bridge, a nearby village, and laid out at the home of Sarah Knot, ‘Nurse and Landlady to the Patient’, bled several times, given ‘volatile mixture’ (ammonia, salt, opium) and treated with purgatives and clysters. He vomited as many as five times over the course of his illness and delivered ‘half a score [of] very foul, stinking, loose Stools’. Worger died, ‘without … Agony’, at 5 am, Thursday, 21 April 1726, after living for 8 days in the care of Knot, his wife, two surgeons, an assistant, an apothecary and two physicians, Christopher Packe and John Gray. An autopsy was performed – the next night, by the light of a single candle – and, although there was little extravasation and no severe fractures or depressions in the skull, slight abnormalities were found: the cerebellum ‘Turgid with Blood’, two small fissures appeared on the os frontis. Worger’s illness and death spurred months of rebarbative public controversy: in order to exonerate themselves, both physicians published pamphlets and letters, secured affidavits, importuned surgeons and Worger’s relatives for support, vied for authority and mastery over the circumstances of the case and argued about propriety, professionalism and conduct. This paper explores Worger’s case – controversy about diagnosis and prognosis, concern with ‘knowledge and deportment’, with the status of medical offices and medical jurisprudence and with relationships between physicians, patients, surgeons – as an instance of learned medical controversy in early eighteenth-century England.
Circulating cytokine levels in the treatment of comorbid anxiety disorders
Authors: Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hoffart Asle , Tilden Terje , Toft Helge , Neupane Sudan P. , Lien Lars , Bramness Jørgen G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsychotherapy research aims to investigate predictors and moderators of treatment outcome, but there are few consistent findings. This study aimed to investigate cytokines in patients undergoing treatment for anxiety disorders and whether the level of cytokines moderated the treatment outcome. Thirty-seven patients with comorbid and treatment-resistant anxiety disorders were investigated using multilevel modelling. Serum cytokine levels were measured three times: pretreatment, in the middle of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Anxiety and metacognitions were measured weekly throughout treatment by self-report. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist did not change during therapy or were not related to the level of anxiety. Metacognitive beliefs predicted anxiety, but the relationship between metacognitions and anxiety was not moderated by cytokines. Limitations of the study include that the patients were not fasting at blood sampling, and we did not assess body mass index, which may affect cytokine levels. The lack of significance for cytokines as a predictor or moderator may be due to a lack of power for testing moderation hypotheses, a problem associated with many psychotherapy studies. Cytokines did not predict the outcome in the treatment of comorbid anxiety disorders in our sample. Furthermore, cytokines did not moderate the relationship between metacognitions and anxiety.
Naticid drilling predation from tidal flats in northern Patagonia, SW Atlantic
Authors: Gordillo Sandra , Malvé Mariano E. , Morán Gisela A. , Boretto Gabriella M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNaticids and muricids are the main drilling gastropod families that leave a characteristic hole in their shelled prey. Drilling predation can be evaluated along spatial scales, and different latitudinal patterns (equatorward, poleward, mid-latitude peaks or no trend at all) have already been described. For Argentine Patagonia, most studies have analysed muricid predation, but scant information is available on naticid predation. This study provides evidence of predation by the moon snail Notocochlis isabelleana on a thin and fragile burrowing bivalve, Darina solenoides, along the intertidal sandflats at Pozo Salado, San Matías Gulf, in northern Patagonia. To estimate the incidence of predation, articulated specimens of Darina solenoides (N = 432) were randomly collected in the intertidal zone. Drill holes (N = 94) were recorded in shell lengths ranging between 10 and 35 mm. Taking into account previous studies in the region, the intensity of mortality by drilling (22%) constitutes a higher value than expected for this latitude. These results may help explain local patterns in a particular site in northern Patagonia which has been previously identified as an outlier, but further studies aimed at evaluating macrogeographic patterns are necessary for a better understanding of the regional factors that might be governing these predator–prey interactions.
Peace in the Shadow of Unrest: yinao and the State Response in China
Authors: Huang Xian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuch research on contentious politics focuses on the origins and dynamics of contention or the impact of contention on policy change. Although some studies have delved into the state reactions to contention, relatively little is known about the outcome or effectiveness of state responses, especially in non-democratic settings. This paper attempts to fill this gap and to uncover the policy feedback effect in non-democratic settings by studying the Chinese state's repression of violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities (yinao). I argue that without comprehensive healthcare reforms to tackle the root causes of yinao, state repression of yinao generates unintended adverse outcomes, causing the doctor–patient relationship to deteriorate. Using the difference-in-differences method with China Family Panel Studies data for 2014 and 2016, I find that the criminalization of yinao diminishes public trust in doctors and confidence in hospitals’ competence and instead increases public concerns about the healthcare system.
Freely adjoining monoidal duals
Authors: Coulembier Kevin , Street Ross , van den Bergh Michel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven a monoidal category $\mathcal C$ with an object J, we construct a monoidal category $\mathcal C[{J^ \vee }]$ by freely adjoining a right dual ${J^ \vee }$ to J. We show that the canonical strong monoidal functor $\Omega :\mathcal C \to \mathcal C[{J^ \vee }]$ provides the unit for a biadjunction with the forgetful 2-functor from the 2-category of monoidal categories with a distinguished dual pair to the 2-category of monoidal categories with a distinguished object. We show that $\Omega :\mathcal C \to \mathcal C[{J^ \vee }]$ is fully faithful and provide coend formulas for homs of the form $\mathcal C[{J^ \vee }](U,\,\Omega A)$ and $\mathcal C[{J^ \vee }](\Omega A,U)$ for $A \in \mathcal C$ and $U \in \mathcal C[{J^ \vee }]$. If ${\rm{N}}$ denotes the free strict monoidal category on a single generating object 1, then ${\rm{N[}}{{\rm{1}}^ \vee }{\rm{]}}$ is the free monoidal category Dpr containing a dual pair – ˧ + of objects. As we have the monoidal pseudopushout $\mathcal C[{J^ \vee }] \simeq {\rm{Dpr}}{{\rm{ + }}_{\rm{N}}}\mathcal C$, it is of interest to have an explicit model of Dpr: we provide both geometric and combinatorial models. We show that the (algebraist’s) simplicial category Δ is a monoidal full subcategory of Dpr and explain the relationship with the free 2-category Adj containing an adjunction. We describe a generalization of Dpr which includes, for example, a combinatorial model Dseq for the free monoidal category containing a duality sequence X0 ˧ X1 ˧ X2 ˧ … of objects. Actually, Dpr is a monoidal full subcategory of Dseq.
Elemental Composition and Chemical Evolution of Geologic Materials in Gale Crater, Mars: APXS Results From Bradbury Landing to the Vera Rubin Ridge
Authors: Berger Jeff A. , Gellert Ralf , Boyd Nicholas I. , King Penelope L. , McCraig Michael A. , O'Connell‐Cooper Catherine D. , Schmidt Mariek E. , Spray John G. , Thompson Lucy M. , VanBommel Scott J. V. , Yen Albert S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the rover Curiosity has analyzed the composition of geologic materials along a >20‐km traverse in Gale crater on Mars. The APXS dataset after 6.5 Earth years (2,301 sols) includes 712 analyses of soil, sand, float, bedrock, and drilled/scooped fines. We present the APXS results over this duration and provide stratigraphic context for each target. We identify the best APXS measurement of each of the 22 drilled and scooped samples that were delivered to the instruments Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin; X‐ray diffractometer) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM; mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph) during this period. The APXS results demonstrate that the basaltic and alkali‐rich units in the Bradbury group (sols 0–750) show minimal alteration indicating an arid climate. In contrast, the Murray formation of the Mount Sharp group (sols ∼750–2,301) has compositions indicating pervasive alteration. Diagenetic features are common and show fluid interaction with the sediment after (and possibly during) lithification. A sandstone unit, the Stimson formation, overlies part of the Murray formation. This has a composition similar to the basaltic sand and soil, suggesting a shared source. Cross‐cutting, fracture‐associated haloes are evidence of late‐stage fluid alteration after lithification of the sediment. The APXS dataset, evaluated in concert with the full science payload of Curiosity, indicates that Gale crater was habitable, and that liquid water was stable for extended periods.
Intraseasonal Hydrographic Variations and Nearshore Carbonates System Off Northern Chile During the 2015 El Niño Event
Authors: Aguilera Victor M. , Vargas Cristian A. , Dewitte Boris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLittle is known on the El Niño‐related impacts affecting the CO2 dynamic and fluxes in productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). Through 35 oceanographic campaigns conducted between January 2015 and April 2016 in the Humboldt EBUS (23°S), intraseasonal (i.e., daily‐to‐bimonthly) hydrographic variations and nearshore changes in surface carbonates system were assessed during the 2015 El Niño event. Collected hydrographic and carbonates system data (sea surface temperature (SST), subsurface temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll a, pH, total alkalinity (AT) and pCO2), were analyzed and interpreted considering local (i.e., satellite winds and tide gauge sea level) and remote (i.e., equatorial Kelvin waves) forcing. Permanent alongshore wind conditions prompted a relatively deep mixed layer favoring elevated acidity (7.8–7.9 pHT) and CO2 saturated (>450 μatm) conditions throughout most of the study period. Between austral summer‐fall and fall‐winter transitions, intermittent warm events increased water temperature (SST) above the long‐term climatological state (2000–2010), and gave rise to high acidity‐warm conditions. However, despite warm water particularly high in salinity (>35) and AT (>2,300 μmol kg−1) associated with downwelling Kelvin waves activity observed during the developing phase of the 2015 El Niño event, phytoplankton production and CO2 uptake were favored because of the maintenance of mean upwelling conditions. These results are discussed in terms of data limitations, coastal processes adding variability to carbonates system variability, and requirements for a better understanding of hydrographic forcing and responses in the Humboldt EBUS.
Contrasting signatures of genomic divergence during sympatric speciation
Authors: Kautt Andreas F. , Kratochwil Claudius F. , Nater Alexander , Machado-Schiaffino Gonzalo , Olave Melisa , Henning Frederico , Torres-Dowdall Julián , Härer Andreas , Hulsey C. Darrin , Franchini Paolo , Pippel Martin , Myers Eugene W. , Meyer Axel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe transition from ‘well-marked varieties’ of a single species into ‘well-defined species’—especially in the absence of geographic barriers to gene flow (sympatric speciation)—has puzzled evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin1,2. Gene flow counteracts the buildup of genome-wide differentiation, which is a hallmark of speciation and increases the likelihood of the evolution of irreversible reproductive barriers (incompatibilities) that complete the speciation process3. Theory predicts that the genetic architecture of divergently selected traits can influence whether sympatric speciation occurs4, but empirical tests of this theory are scant because comprehensive data are difficult to collect and synthesize across species, owing to their unique biologies and evolutionary histories5. Here, within a young species complex of neotropical cichlid fishes (Amphilophusspp.), we analysed genomic divergence among populations and species. By generating a new genome assembly and re-sequencing 453 genomes, we uncovered the genetic architecture of traits that have been suggested to be important for divergence. Species that differ in monogenic or oligogenic traits that affect ecological performance and/or mate choice show remarkably localized genomic differentiation. By contrast, differentiation among species that have diverged in polygenic traits is genomically widespread and much higher overall, consistent with the evolution of effective and stable genome-wide barriers to gene flow. Thus, we conclude that simple trait architectures are not always as conducive to speciation with gene flow as previously suggested, whereas polygenic architectures can promote rapid and stable speciation in sympatry.
Arsenic pollution in Quaternary sediments and water near a former gold mine
Authors: Stachnik Łukasz , Korabiewski Bartosz , Raczyk Jerzy , Łopuch Michał , Wieczorek Iwo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContamination of water and sediments with arsenic and heavy metals is a global issue affecting human health. Regions covered with Quaternary deposits have received little attention from the point of view of the flux of arsenic and heavy metals from sediments to surface water. This study aims to determine the flux of arsenic and other heavy metals from Quaternary sediments to surface waters in an area affected by the former Złoty Stok gold and arsenic mine. Contamination in surface waters and sediments was caused by arsenic, whereas concentrations of metals were usually within water quality standards. Arsenic contamination of surface water increased in the lower part of the basin covered by Quaternary sediments, and exceeded water quality standards by 2 orders of magnitude. Arsenic mass flux exceeded 8 kg/day near the confluence of the Trująca River with the Nysa Kłodzka, a main tributary of the Oder River. An increase in arsenic concentration in the lower part of the basin is related to mine tailings and preferential flow of groundwater through Quaternary sediments. In future, water resources scarcity may lead to an increase in arsenic contamination in surface and groundwater.
Recombination shapes African swine fever virus serotype-specific locus evolution
Authors: Nefedeva Mariia , Titov Ilya , Tsybanov Sodnom , Malogolovkin Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recombination is one of the most frequently identified drivers of double-stranded DNA viruses evolution. However, the recombination events in African swine fever virus (ASFV) genomes have been poorly annotated. We hypothesize that the genetic determinants of ASFV variability are potential hot-spots for recombination. Here, we analyzed ASFV serotype-specific locus (C-type lectin (EP153R) and CD2v (EP402R)) in order to allocate the recombination breakpoints in these immunologically important proteins and reveal driving forces of virus evolution. The recombinations were found in both proteins, mostly among ASFV strains from East Africa, where multiple virus transmission cycles are notified. The recombination events were essentially associated with the domain organization of proteins. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the lack of clonal evolution for African strains which conclusively support the significance of recombinations in the serotype-specific locus. In addition, the signature of adaptive evolution of these two genes, pN/pS > 1, was demonstrated. These results have implications for the interpretation of cross-protection potential between evolutionary distant ASFV strains and strongly suggest that C-type lectin and CD2v may experience substantial selective pressure than previously thought.
Effects of long-term hydrogen intervention on the physiological function of rats
Authors: Xun Zhi-ming , Zhao Qing-hui , Zhang Yan , Ju Fang-di , He Jin , Yao Ting-ting , Zhang Xiao-kang , Yi Yang , Ma Sheng-nan , Zhao Peng-xiang , Jin Xiao-yan , Li Ying-xian , Li Xiao-yang , Ma Xue-mei , Xie Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) have now been confirmed in various human and animal-disease models. However, the effects of H2 on the physiological function in a normal state have been largely neglected. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) intake and hydrogen inhalation (HI) are the most common used methods for hydrogen administration, the difference in the effects between HRW intake and HI remains elusive. In the present study, the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters were monitored during the six-month hydrogen intervention, all these parameters were significantly altered by oral intake of HRW or HI. Among the 13 parameters, the most striking alterations induced by hydrogen treatment were observed in serum myocardial enzymes spectrum. The results also showed that the changes in these parameters occurred at different time points, and the alterations in most of the parameters were much more significant in HI than HRW. The results of this study provides the basic data for the mechanism research and application of molecular hydrogen in the future.
Proteomics of regenerated tissue in response to a titanium implant with a bioactive surface in a rat tibial defect model
Authors: Boteanu Raluca M. , Suica Viorel I. , Ivan Luminita , Safciuc Florentina , Uyy Elena , Dragan Emanuel , Croitoru Sorin M. , Grumezescu Valentina , Chiritoiu Marioara , Sima Livia E. , Vlagioiu Constantin , Socol Gabriel , Antohe Felicia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to their excellent mechanical and biocompatibility properties, titanium-based implants are successfully used as biomedical devices. However, when new bone formation fails for different reasons, impaired fracture healing becomes a clinical problem and affects the patient's quality of life. We aimed to design a new bioactive surface of titanium implants with a synergetic PEG biopolymer-based composition for gradual delivery of growth factors (FGF2, VEGF, and BMP4) during bone healing. The optimal architecture of non-cytotoxic polymeric coatings deposited by dip coating under controlled parameters was assessed both in cultured cells and in a rat tibial defect model (100% viability). Notably, the titanium adsorbed polymer matrix induced an improved healing process when compared with the individual action of each biomolecules. High-performance mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that recovery after a traumatic event is governed by specific differentially regulated proteins, acting in a coordinated response to the external stimulus. Predicted protein interactions shown by STRING analysis were well organized in hub-based networks related with response to chemical, wound healing and response to stress pathways. The proposed functional polymer coatings of the titanium implants demonstrated the significant improvement of bone healing process after injury.
Test–retest reliability of the 20-min pad test with infusion of strong-desired volume in the bladder for female urodynamic stress incontinence
Authors: Wu Wen-Yih , Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Wu Pei-Chi , Lin Ho-Hsiung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe repeatability of the 20-min pad test has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the 20-min pad test in women with urodynamic stress incontinence. Among 89 enrolled women, 67 (75%) women were diagnosed with urodynamic stress incontinence and were examined in this study. The mean strong-desire volume of all the women was 306.7 ± 115.7 mL. The pad weights of the test versus retest were 28.3 ± 41.2 g versus 28.4 ± 38.6 g, p = 0.29, respectively. The test and retest pad weight results had a Spearman’s rho of 0.788 (p < 0.0001). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.793 (95% confidence interval, 0.704–0.882; p < 0.0001). The Bland–Altman plots all revealed good agreement between the test and the retest in the pad weights. In conclusion, the 20-min pad test infused with a strong-desired volume has good test–retest reliability to assess the severity of urine leakage for women with urodynamic stress incontinence.
Effect of riboflavin deficiency on development of the cerebral cortex in Slc52a3 knockout mice
Authors: Jin Congyun , Yonezawa Atsushi , Yoshimatsu Hiroki , Imai Satoshi , Koyanagi Madoka , Yamanishi Kaori , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Itohara Kotaro , Omura Tomohiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Nagai Junya , Matsubara Kazuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRiboflavin transporter 3 (RFVT3), encoded by the SLC52A3 gene, is important for riboflavin homeostasis in the small intestine, kidney, and placenta. Our previous study demonstrated that Slc52a3 knockout (Slc52a3−/−) mice exhibited neonatal lethality and metabolic disorder due to riboflavin deficiency. Here, we investigated the influence of Slc52a3 gene disruption on brain development using Slc52a3−/− embryos. Slc52a3−/− mice at postnatal day 0 showed hypoplasia of the brain and reduced thickness of cortical layers. At embryonic day 13.5, the formation of Tuj1+ neurons and Tbr2+ intermediate neural progenitors was significantly decreased; no significant difference was observed in the total number and proliferative rate of Pax6+ radial glia. Importantly, the hypoplastic phenotype was rescued upon riboflavin supplementation. Thus, it can be concluded that RFVT3 contributes to riboflavin homeostasis in embryos and that riboflavin itself is required during embryonic development of the cerebral cortex in mice.