bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Time-Domain 3D BEM–MEM Method for Flexural Motion Analyses of Floating Kirchhoff Plates Induced by Moving Vehicles
Authors: Luong Van Hai , Nguyen Xuan Vu , Cao Tan Ngoc Than , Tran Minh Thi , Nguyen Huu Phu 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, hydroelastic behavior of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) subjected to a moving single axle vehicle is computed using a novel numerical approach, in which the boundary element method (BEM) is firstly extended to cooperate with the moving element method (MEM), named the BEM–MEM. By utilizing this paradigm, the plate and fluid are discretized into “moving structural element” and “moving boundary element”, respectively, which are conceptual elements and “travel” with the moving vehicle. Thus, the proposed method can absolutely eliminate the need of keeping track the location of the moving load with respect to the floating structure. Particularly, the surrounding fluid is defined based on the potential flow theory and the motion of a floating plate is governed by the vibration equation of a thin plate. The governing equations of motion, moving element and fluid matrices of boundary element are formulated in a relative coordinate system traveling with the moving vehicle. Several examples are numerically conducted to illustrate the performance and ability of the BEM–MEM. Its obtained results are compared with those of the traditional finite element method for validation. The outcomes reveal that the proposed method is effective for the large-time behavior owing to the fact that it does not require a domain with the length greater than the horizontal displacement of the vehicle. The paper also discusses the effect of the liquid and structural parameters on responses of the vehicle and floating structure.
Reducing Amygdala Activity and Phobic Fear through Cognitive Top–Down Regulation
Authors: Loos Eva , Schicktanz Nathalie , Fastenrath Matthias , Coynel David , Milnik Annette , Fehlmann Bernhard , Egli Tobias , Ehrler Melanie , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , de Quervain Dominique J.-F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The amygdala is critically involved in emotional processing, including fear responses, and shows hyperactivity in anxiety disorders. Previous research in healthy participants has indicated that amygdala activity is down-regulated by cognitively demanding tasks that engage the PFC. It is unknown, however, if such an acute down-regulation of amygdala activity might correlate with reduced fear in anxious participants. In an fMRI study of 43 participants (11 men) with fear of snakes, we found reduced amygdala activity when visual stimuli were processed under high cognitive load, irrespective of whether the stimuli were of neutral or phobic content. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling revealed that this general reduction in amygdala activity was partially mediated by a load-dependent increase in dorsolateral PFC activity. Importantly, high cognitive load also resulted in an acute decrease in perceived phobic fear while viewing the fearful stimuli. In conclusion, our data indicate that a cognitively demanding task results in a top–down regulation of amygdala activity and an acute reduction of fear in phobic participants. These findings may inspire the development of novel psychological intervention approaches aimed at reducing fear in anxiety disorders.
Collective Trauma
Authors: Riedel Eberhard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Humanizing the devastating emotional forces released by the worldwide plague of collective violence and trauma demands developing integral awareness. This article develops an ecological perspective that views human communities as ecosystems and individuals as embedded in these environments. This perspective offers a space large enough to generate fresh ideas. The process evolved under the press of fieldwork in crisis areas in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. To explore psychosocial and political characteristics of human ecosystems Riedel employs a biaxial map, the Mandala of the Five Worlds. The map brings into purview in dynamic mandala format the Familial and Societal Worlds on the horizontal axis, the worlds of Nature and Mind on the vertical axis, and the Rhizome World at the core. Riedel views the rhizome world as a container and co-created field of human inheritances and codes, natural-physical and socio-cultural. The rhizome plays a central role in the resonance and synergistic phenomena interrelating elements of the five spheres. Community self-states are collective aggregates that involve elements from all five spheres of the mandala. Riedel explores patterns of dynamic forces of aggregation and evolution that determine a group’s connectivity and tendencies. For example, in community states of collective violence and trauma at extreme levels of severity, the socio-cultural and nature-mind dimensions of the map are “unhinged,” resulting in nature-nurture and humane-ethical considerations being split off from social behaviour with fractionizing fields dominating. Via emotional resonance, purposeful action interventions seek to loosen adhesion to the collectivity of suffering through which people are connected to the social traumas of their groups, past and present. Thus the rhizomic systems approach raises awareness about the dynamic of cultural seizures as major sources of sociocultural difficulties.
Psychological Perspectives on Religious Education
Authors: Francis Leslie J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this publication the contributions made by the individual differences tradition of psychology over the past 50 years to research in religious education are reviewed and assessed. In this context religious education is conceived broadly to embrace what takes place in schools, within religious communities, and within households across the age span. The opening section roots the analysis within the tradition of developmental psychology and the research that flourished in the area of religious development during the 1960s. It is from these foundations that current interest in the individual differences approach emerges. Subsequent sections examine the centrality of the attitudinal dimension of religion, discuss the place of personality in the individual differences tradition, explore sex as a core individual difference in religion, map the correlates, antecedents and consequences of individual differences in religious affect or attitudes, review research into the distinctiveness and effectiveness of church schools and the family in religious nurture, identify the factors that account for individual differences in attitude toward religious diversity, explore the relevance of the individual differences tradition for adult religious education, and explore the implications of the individual differences tradition for biblical hermeneutics and discipleship learning.
New findings on Dendrobranchiata fossils of the Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin, Northeast of Brazil
Authors: ALENCAR DAMARES RIBEIRO , DE OLIVEIRA GUSTAVO RIBEIRO , PINHEIRO ALLYSSON PONTES , SARAIVA ANTÔNIO ÁLAMO FEITOSA 
Published: February 2020

The Araripe Basin is the largest inland basin in northeastern Brazil is known for its preservation excellent, number of specimens and variety of fossil species. The Araripe Basin stands out for its fossiliferous content of well known fossil groups, from vertebrates to invertebrates, especially decapod crustaceans. Thus, a morphological re-description of two shrimp species, Paleomattea deliciosa and Araripenaeus timidus, was carried out through taxonomic and morphoanatomical analysis. The mechanical preparation methodology was adopted in the laboratory, with a total of 58 specimens were analyzed and photographed to determine which characters were preserved or not, as well as to compared these with holotypes. The results show that characters such as carapaces complete with the presence of spines, pleon with six somites, pereiopods and pleopods, in addition to uropods and telson were preserved in Paleomattea deliciosa, while carapaces, pleon complete and pereiopods were preserved in Araripenaeus timidus. Thus, the current study provides new species information which can be used in future species-type studies and contributes to a better understanding of these Araripe species.
Improving Solution Accuracy and Convergence for Stochastic Physics Parameterizations with Colored Noise
Authors: Stinis Panos , Lei Huan , Li Jing , Wan Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Stochastic parameterizations are used in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling to help capture the uncertainty in the simulations and improve their statistical properties. Convergence issues can arise when time integration methods originally developed for deterministic differential equations are applied naively to stochastic problems. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that a correction term, known in stochastic analysis as the Itô correction, can help improve solution accuracy for various deterministic numerical schemes and ensure convergence to the physically relevant solution without substantial computational overhead. The usual formulation of the Itô correction is valid only when the stochasticity is represented by white noise. In this study, a generalized formulation of the Itô correction is derived for noises of any color. The formulation is applied to a test problem described by an advection–diffusion equation forced with a spectrum of fast processes. We present numerical results for cases with both constant and spatially varying advection velocities to show that, for the same time step sizes, the introduction of the generalized Itô correction helps to substantially reduce time integration error and significantly improve the convergence rate of the numerical solutions when the forcing term in the governing equation is rough (fast varying); alternatively, for the same target accuracy, the generalized Itô correction allows for the use of significantly longer time steps and, hence, helps to reduce the computational cost of the numerical simulation.
A Public Health Learning Collaborative on Climate Change for Urban Health Departments, 2016-2018
Authors: Rudolph Linda , Maizlish Neil , North Savannah , Dervin Kathy 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The objective of this project was to demonstrate and assess approaches of urban local health departments (LHDs) to simultaneously address climate change, health, and equity; incorporate climate change into program practice; and participate in their jurisdiction’s climate change work. Methods: From January 2016 through March 2018, the Center for Climate Change and Health created learning activities, networking and relationship-building opportunities, communication platforms, and information sharing for 12 urban LHDs in the United States. We used administrative data and conducted interviews with participants and key informants to assess success in meeting learning collaborative goals. Results: LHDs developed diverse projects that incorporated internal capacity building, climate and health vulnerability assessments, surveillance, and community engagement. Projects fostered greater LHD engagement on climate change, broadened community partnerships, and furthered LHD integration into jurisdictions’ climate planning. LHD engagement helped shift the dialogue in the community and jurisdiction about climate change to include public health. Conclusions: LHDs have skills and expertise to rapidly partner with other governmental agencies and community-based organizations and to help communities identify vulnerabilities, take action to reduce the health harms of climate change, and—through Health in All Policies approaches and community partnerships—to ensure that climate policies are optimized for positive health and equity outcomes.
The Association of Sleep Apnea and Cancer in Veterans
Authors: Jara Sebastian M. , Phipps Amanda I. , Maynard Charles , Weaver Edward M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo test the association between preexisting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and subsequent cancer in a large long‐term cohort of veteran patients.Study DesignRetrospective matched cohort study.SettingThe Veterans Affairs Health Care System.Subjects and MethodsAll veteran patients diagnosed with OSA between 1993 and 2013 byInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision(ICD‐9) codes in any Veterans Affairs facility and veteran patients without an OSA diagnosis, matched to patients with OSA by age and index year. Cancer diagnoses were identified byICD‐9codes for the time period at least 2 years after OSA diagnosis or index date. We tested the association between OSA and cancer using multivariate Cox regression with time since cohort entry as the time axis, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe cohort included 1,377,285 patients (726,008 with and 651,277 without an OSA diagnosis) with mean age of 55 years, predominantly male (94%), a minority obese (32%), and median follow‐up of 7.4 years (range, 2.0‐25.2). The proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer was higher in those with vs without an OSA diagnosis (8.3% vs 3.6%; mean difference 4.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7%‐4.8%;P<. 001). After adjusting for age, sex, year of cohort entry, smoking status, alcohol use, obesity, and comorbidity, the hazard of incident cancer was nearly double in patients with vs without an OSA diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.94‐2.00;P<. 001).ConclusionPreexisting OSA was strongly associated with subsequent cancer in this veteran cohort, independent of several known cancer risk factors. These findings suggest that OSA may be a strong, independent risk factor for subsequent cancer development.
A Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics Associated with Alcohol and Cannabis use in Early Phase Psychosis
Authors: Cookey Jacob , McGavin Jacob , Crocker Candice E. , Matheson Kara , Stewart Sherry H. , Tibbo Philip G. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Alcohol and cannabis misuse are common in patients with early phase psychosis (EPP); however, research has tended to focus primarily on cannabis misuse and EPP outcomes, with a relative lack of data on alcohol misuse. This retrospective cross-sectional EPP study investigated the relationship between cannabis, alcohol, and cannabis combined with alcohol misuse, on age, gender, psychotic, depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and social/occupational functioning, at entry to service. Methods: Two-hundred and sixty-four EPP patients were divided into 4 groups based on substance use measured by the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test: (1) no to low-level cannabis and alcohol misuse (LU), (2) moderate to high alcohol misuse only (AU), (3) moderate to high cannabis misuse only (CU), and (4) moderate to high alcohol and cannabis misuse (AU + CU). Results: We found significant between group differences in age (with the AU group being the oldest and AU + CU group the youngest) as well as gender (with the CU group having the highest percentage of men). There were also group differences in positive psychotic symptoms (lowest in AU group), trait anxiety (highest in AU + CU group), and social/occupational functioning (highest in AU group). Further regression analyses revealed a particularly strong relationship between AU + CU group and trait anxiety (3-fold increased odds of clinical trait anxiety for combined misuse of alcohol and cannabis compared to non/low users). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the unique demographic and clinical characteristics found in the EPP population at entry to care associated with alcohol and cannabis misuse both separately and in combination. This work highlights the importance of including the assessment of alcohol misuse in addition to cannabis misuse in future treatment guidelines and research.
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Development and Applications
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Reasons for the Study: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) has been used for studies of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders for the past 25 years. This article reviews the history of the development and application of the NPI. Main Findings: The NPI consists of 10 (or 12) items that are assayed with questions, subquestions, and ratings of frequency and severity. The NPI has been shown to be valid and reliable. The NPI has been translated into approximately 40 languages; it has 4 of versions designed for different clinical applications. The NPI studies show contrasting profiles of behavioral symptoms in different neurologic disorders. The NPI has been used in approximately 350 clinical trials. In economic studies, the NPI captures the cost of behavioral symptoms in dementias. Principle Conclusions: The NPI is a useful instrument for capturing behavioral changes in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Octogenarian preferences and expectations for acute coronary syndrome treatment
Authors: Widell Charlotte , Andréen Sofie , Albertsson Per , Axelsson Åsa B 
Published: February 2020

Background: The number of elderly persons with cardiovascular disease is increasing. In Sweden, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction is the highest among individuals aged 85 years and over. However, there is still little evidence about whether this population benefits from established treatments. Furthermore, the values and preferences of octogenarians (age ⩾80 years), as well as how they could be involved in treatment decisions, have been largely overlooked in research. Overall, increased knowledge about the preferences and expectations of octogenarians is needed to incorporate their treatment expectations into the decision-making process. Aims: This study aimed to describe the treatment choice preferences and post-treatment life expectations of octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A total of 19 patients (eight women, 11 men) aged 80 years and older and diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina were enrolled in this qualitative study. Data were collected between May 2011 and June 2013 through semistructured interviews. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified two main categories: Wanting the best and Hope for increased wellbeing. Participant preferences were influenced by their own and others’ previous experiences and their confidence in healthcare professionals. With respect to treatment outcomes, the participants hoped to get well, stay active, experience fewer symptoms and regain vitality. Conclusion: The studied octogenarians desired the best treatment option and trusted that their healthcare providers will make appropriate recommendations. These patients expected their treatment to result in increased wellbeing and fewer symptoms.
Subcentimetre thyroid nodules: Sonographic features associated with malignancy
Authors: Woon Tian K , Sanamandra Sarat K , Salkade Parag R , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Ganguly Rehena , Ho Chi L , Bakar Rafidah Abu , Chua Jasmine ME , Tan Bien S , Damodharan Karthikeyan 
Published: February 2020

Introduction The aim of this study was to identify the ultrasound features which are associated with malignancy in subcentimetre thyroid nodules. Methods This retrospective study included 454 thyroid nodules <10 mm in size in 413 patients from 2012 to 2016, which were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology. Each nodule was classified according to the ultrasound patterns of the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and the high suspicion ultrasound features (solid, hypo-echogenicity, irregular margins, microcalcifications, taller-than-wide, interrupted rim calcifications, and extrathyroidal extension) were identified for evaluation of their diagnostic performance. Results Of the American Thyroid Association high suspicion ultrasound features, univariate analysis showed that hypo-echogenicity (sensitivity 81.6% (95% CI 65.7–92.3%), specificity 50.0% (95% CI 43.4–56.6%)), irregular margins (sensitivity 34.2% (95% CI 19.6–51.4%), specificity 92.2% (95% CI 88.0–95.3%)), microcalcifications (sensitivity 23.7% (95% CI 11.4–40.2%), specificity 91.0% (95% CI 86.5–94.3%)), and taller-than-wide (sensitivity 23.7% (95% CI 11.4–40.2%), specificity 92.2% (95% CI 88.0–95.3%)) were significantly associated with a malignant diagnosis. Amongst the above features, subsequent multivariate analysis identified a combination of hypo-echogenicity and irregular margins as significantly associated with malignancy. Our malignancy rates based on American Thyroid Association ultrasound patterns from benign to high suspicion were 0.0, 8.3, 3.9, 15.7, and 40.4%, respectively. The American Thyroid Association high suspicion ultrasound pattern had a sensitivity of 50.0% (95% CI 33.4–66.7%) and specificity of 84.5% (95% CI 79.2–88.9%). Conclusion The presence of both hypo-echogenicity and irregular margins was significantly associated with malignancy in subcentimetre thyroid nodules in our study. Hence, subcentimetre nodules which are hypoechoic with irregular margins may warrant further follow-up.
Effects of Modified Posterior Shoulder Stretching Exercises on Shoulder Mobility, Pain, and Dysfunction in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Tahran Özge , Yeşilyaprak Sevgi Sevi 
Published: February 2020

Background: Posterior shoulder stretching exercises (PSSEs) aim to reduce posterior shoulder tightness (PST). Position modification of traditional PSSEs has been suggested to minimize inadequate control of scapular and glenohumeral rotation, possibly leading to increased subacromial impingement. Hypothesis: Modified PSSEs will have positive effects on shoulder mobility, pain, and dysfunction. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: A total of 67 symptomatic patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) and shoulder internal rotation asymmetry were randomly assigned to 3 groups: modified cross-body stretch (MCS) (n = 22; treatment program + MCS), modified sleeper stretch (MSS) (n = 22; treatment program + MSS), and a control group (n = 23; treatment program consisting of only modalities, range of motion [ROM], and strength training but no PSSEs) for 4 weeks. Pain, PST, shoulder rotation ROM, and dysfunction were evaluated. Results: Pain, PST, shoulder rotation ROM, function, and disability improved in all groups ( P < 0.05). The MCS and MSS groups had better results compared with the control group with regard to pain with activity, internal rotation ROM, function, and disability ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the stretching groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: All treatments improved pain, shoulder mobility, function, and disability in patients with SIS. However, modified PSSEs in addition to a treatment program was superior to the treatment program alone (without PSSEs) in improving pain with activity, internal rotation ROM, and dysfunction. Moreover, stretching provided clinically significant improvements. Clinical Relevance: Modified PSSEs, in addition to a treatment program, are beneficial for patients with SIS. Both modified cross-body and sleeper stretches are safe and efficacious for improving shoulder mobility, pain, and dysfunction.