bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Engineering Catalyzed MnO2 Electrolysis Kinetics for a Hybrid Aqueous Battery with High Power and Energy Density
Authors: Chao Dongliang , Ye Chao , Xie Fangxi , Zhou Wanhai , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Qinfen , Davey Kenneth , Gu Lin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch interest and achievements in zinc aqueous batteries, such as alkaline Zn//Mn, Zn//Ni/Co, Zn–air batteries, and near‐neutral Zn‐ion and hybrid ion batteries, have surged throughout the world due to their features of low‐cost and high‐safety. However, practical application of Zn‐based secondary batteries is plagued by restrictive energy and power densities in which an inadequate output plateau voltage and sluggish kinetics are mutually accountable. Here, a novel paradigm high‐rate and high‐voltage Zn–Mn hybrid aqueous battery (HAB) is constructed with an expanded electrochemical stability window over 3.4 V that is affordable. As a proof of concept, catalyzed MnO2/Mn2+ electrolysis kinetics is demonstrated in the HAB via facile introduction of Ni2+ into the electrolyte. Various techniques are employed, including in situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction, ex situ X‐ray absorption fine structure, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, to reveal the reversible charge‐storage mechanism and the origin of the boosted rate‐capability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal enhanced active electron states and charge delocalization after introducing strongly electronegative Ni. Simulations of the reaction pathways confirm the enhanced catalyzed electrolysis kinetics by the facilitated charge transfer at the active O sites around Ni dopants. These findings significantly advance aqueous batteries a step closer toward practical low‐cost application.
Optical Nanoscale Thermometry: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Emerging Practical Applications
Authors: Bradac Carlo , Lim Shuang Fang , Chang Huan‐Cheng , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKnowledge of temperature and temperature gradients with nanoscale resolution is critical for a variety of applications in medicine, nanoelectronics, biology, and solid‐state‐based devices. The number of existing nanothermometry techniques is remarkably large, varying for materials, mechanisms, sensitivity, and operating ranges. In this work, a selected group of prominent nanoscale thermosensors is reviewed, which are all‐optical and nanoparticle‐based. Specifically, the focus is on the analysis of their fundamental mechanism to identify absolute, intrinsic capabilities and limitations of each nanothermometry platform. Prominent applications as well as future challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
Stabilized Co3+/Co4+ Redox Pair in In Situ Produced CoSe2−x‐Derived Cobalt Oxides for Alkaline Zn Batteries with 10 000‐Cycle Lifespan and 1.9‐V Voltage Plateau
Authors: Tang Yongchao , Li Xuejin , Lv Haiming , Xie Dong , Wang Wenlong , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn aqueous alkaline Zn batteries (AZBs), the Co3+/Co4+ redox pair offers a higher voltage plateau than its Co2+/Co3+ counterpart. However, related studies are scarce, due to two challenges: the Co3+/Co4+ redox pair is more difficult to activate than Co2+/Co3+; once activated, the Co3+/Co4+ redox pair is unstable, owing to the rapid reduction of surplus Co3+ to Co2+. Herein, CoSe2−x is employed as a cathode material in AZBs. Electrochemical analysis recognizes the principal contributions of the Co3+/Co4+ redox pair to the capacity and voltage plateau. Mechanistic studies reveal that CoSe2−x initially undergoes a phase transformation to derived CoxOySez, which has not been observed in other Zn//cobalt oxide batteries. The Se doping effect is conducive to sustaining abundant and stable Co3+ species in CoxOySez. As a result, the battery achieves a 10 000‐cycle ultralong lifespan with 0.02% cycle−1 capacity decay, a 1.9‐V voltage plateau, and an immense areal specific capacity compared to its low‐valence oxide counterparts. When used in a quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte, as‐assembled AZB delivers 4200 cycles and excellent tailorability, a promising result for wearable applications. The presented effective strategy for obtaining long‐cyclability cathodes via a phase transformation‐induced heteroatom doping effect may promote high‐valence metal species mediation toward highly stable electrodes.
A multi‐isotope, multi‐tissue study of colonial origins and diet in New Zealand
Authors: King Charlotte L. , Buckley Hallie R. , Petchey Peter , Kinaston Rebecca , Millard Andrew , Zech Jana , Roberts Patrick , Matisoo‐Smith Elizabeth , Nowell Geoff , Gröcke Darren R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesColonial period New Zealand was lauded as a land of plenty, where colonists could improve their station in life and secure a future for their families. Our understanding of colonial experience, however, is often shaped by historical records which communicate a state‐sponsored version of history. This study aims to reconstruct the lives of settlers using isotopic evidence from the colonial skeletons themselves.Materials and methodsWe use skeletal remains from recently excavated colonial sites in Otago (South Island, New Zealand) to illustrate the information that can be gleaned from the isotopic analysis of individuals. We use 87Sr/86Sr to identify European settlers, and δ13C and δ15N from collagen and hair keratin, as well as dental enamel carbonate δ13C to trace dietary change over their life‐courses.ResultsStrontium isotope analysis shows that all adults in our sample are non‐local. Dietary isotopes show that while most individuals had relatively consistent childhood diet, one individual with more rural origins likely had seasonal use of resources during childhood. While some members of the population seem to have increased their meat intake in the new colony most do not have clear evidence for this.DiscussionWe show the diversity of human experience in first‐generation New Zealanders both prior to emigration and in the new colony. Despite colonial propaganda claiming that circumstances in New Zealand were improved for all settlers, we have little evidence for this, aside from among individuals of potentially high status.
Effective one‐pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives using nickel Schiff‐base complex immobilized on iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Maleki Hossein , Rakhtshah Jamshid , Shaabani Behrouz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNickel Schiff‐base complex immobilized on silica‐coated Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous catalyst was designed and characterized by different techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The synthesized nanocatalyst has been explored as a new and efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. The reaction proceeds smoothly to supply the respective products in excellent yields and low reaction times. The catalyst can be easily recovered by a magnetic field and reused for eight consecutive reaction cycles without significant loss of activity.
An unexpected fluorescent probe for G‐quadruplex DNA based on a nitro‐substituted ruthenium (II) complex
Authors: Liu Xue‐Wen , Liu Ning‐Yi , Deng Yuan‐Qing , Wang Shan , Liu Ting , Tang Yu‐Cai , Chen Yuan‐Dao , Lu Ji‐Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe detection of G‐quadruplex is of major interest. Nitro‐substituted ruthenium (II) complexes have attracted much attention due to fluorescent sensitivity to environment change. We report here a new nitro‐substituted ruthenium (II) complex, [Ru (phen)2(hnoip)]2+ (1) (hnoip = 2‐(2‐hydroxyl‐5‐nitrophenyl)imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10‐phenanthroline]), which displays distinct fluorescent properties in aqueous solution and non‐aqueous solvents. This complex exhibits large fluorescence enhancement after binding with G‐quadruplex DNA, and displays good fluorescent selectivity over other DNAs. The limit of detection is 6 nm for 22AG in Na+ and 43 nm for 22AG in K+, respectively. The results demonstrated that nitro‐substituted ruthenium (II) complexes can be utilized to design as G‐quadruplex fluorescent probes by protection of the nitro group on the complex from water.
Liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis using vibrational spectroscopy: systematic review
Authors: Anderson D J , Anderson R G , Moug S J , Baker M J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Vibrational spectroscopy (VS) is a minimally invasive tool for analysing biological material to detect disease. This study aimed to review its application to human blood for cancer diagnosis.

Methods
A systematic review was undertaken using a keyword electronic database search (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, TRIP and Cochrane Library), with all original English-language manuscripts examining the use of vibrational spectral analysis of human blood for cancer detection. Studies involving fewer than 75 patients in the cancer or control group, animal studies, or where the primary analyte was not blood were excluded.

Results
From 1446 results, six studies (published in 2010–2018) examining brain, bladder, oral, breast, oesophageal and hepatic cancer met the criteria for inclusion, with a total population of 2392 (1316 cancer, 1076 control; 1476 men, 916 women). For cancer detection, reported mean sensitivities in each included study ranged from 79·3 to 98 per cent, with specificities of 82·8–95 per cent and accuracies between 81·1 and 97·1 per cent. Heterogeneity in reporting strategies, methods and outcome measures made meta-analysis inappropriate.

Conclusion
VS shows high potential for cancer diagnosis, but until there is agreement on uniform standard reporting methods and studies with adequate sample size for valid classification models have been performed, its value in clinical practice will remain uncertain.
Flipped jigsaw activity as a small group peer‐assisted teaching learning tool in Biochemistry Department among Indian Medical Graduate: An experimental study
Authors: Uppal Vibha , Uppal Neha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMedical council of India has made remarkable modifications in the curriculum of medical students after a long period of more than 20 years with regulations on Graduate Medical Education 1997. Innovative and interactive teaching methods have taken center place in the implementation of the new curriculum nationwide. Small group teaching and problem‐assisted learning have brought a paradigm shift in biochemistry teaching, which was earlier teacher cantered and was taught by only didactic lectures due to which biochemistry was considered a boring and dry subject. The present interventional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi. All the students of MBBS first professional Batch 2018–2019 were enrolled in the present study. After sensitizing the faculty and students regarding jigsaw method of learning, it was undertaken in two different batches on 4 different days, with faculty and senior residents acting as facilitators. The groups were named according to rainbow colors. The topics were taught by power point presentation before the conduction of jigsaw activity that was discussed in form of seven clinical cases. Post jigsaw, a prevalidated feedback questionnaire was filled by the students. The faculty and senior residents gave a constructive feedback via focused group discussion. In our study 100% students opined that teaching and being taught by peers was beneficial in enhancing the in depth knowledge of the topic. Ninety‐two percent students opined jigsaw learning helpful in promoting self‐directed learning in the student, whereas 88.5% students felt that this teaching learning tool to be made a the regular part of the curriculum. Jigsaw groups create many opportunities for creative interchange of ideas and lively and meaningful participations. But due to limitation of time and logistics, it can be used in conjunction with routine methods of learning.
Development and validation of a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of tetrodotoxin in human urine and its pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chen Weizhu , Zhang Yiping , Fang Hua , Chen Hui , He Jianlin , Yi Ruizao , Hong Zhuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTetrodotoxin (TTX) exhibits the therapeutic potential in blocking pain and in low doses can safely relieve severe pain. The urinary excretion profiles of TTX in humans have not been reported due to the extremely low lethal dose. In this study, a rapid and specific method based on protein precipitation coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine the level of TTX in human urine samples. 11‐Deoxytetrodotoxin was used as an internal standard (IS). Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification using target fragment ions m/z 320.0 → 162.1 for TTX and m/z 304.0 → 176.0 for 11‐deoxyTTX. The separation of analytes was achieved on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 5 mM ammonium formate in water (pH = 4.50) and 5 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile (pH = 4.50). The flow rate was set at 0.80 mL/min in a gradient condition. Calibration plots were linear throughout the range 0.986–98.6 ng/mL of TTX in human urine. The intra‐assay accuracies and precisions were within the acceptable range. The method was successfully applied to a urinary excretion study after intravenous administration of TTX to healthy volunteers. The developed method will be helpful for future pharmacological studies of TTX.
When Coercive Control Continues to Harm Children: Post‐Separation Fathering, Stalking and Domestic Violence
Authors: Katz Emma , Nikupeteri Anna , Laitinen Merja 
Published: May 2020

This article shows how domestic violence perpetrators can use coercive control against their children after their ex‐partner has separated from them. Coercive control can include violence, threats, intimidation, stalking, monitoring, emotional abuse and manipulation, interwoven with periods of seemingly ‘caring’ and ‘indulgent’ behaviour as part of the overall abuse. Crucially, what this article provides is knowledge, hitherto largely missing, about how children and young people can experience coercive control post‐separation. The article draws on two separate data sets, one from the UK and one from Finland, which together comprise qualitative interviews with 29 children who had coercive control perpetrating fathers/father‐figures. The data sets were separately thematically analysed, then combined using a qualitative interpretative meta‐synthesis. This produced three themes regarding children's experiences: (1) dangerous fathering that frightened children and made them feel unsafe; (2) ‘admirable’ fathering, where fathers/father‐figures appeared as ‘caring’, ‘concerned’, ‘indulgent’ and/or ‘vulnerable‐victims’; and (3) omnipresent fathering that continually constrained children's lives. Dangerous and ‘admirable’ fathering describe the behaviours of coercive control‐perpetrating fathers/father‐figures, while omnipresent fathering occurred in children as a fearful mental and emotional state. Perpetrators could also direct performances of ‘admirable’ fathering at professionals and communities in ways that obscured their coercive control. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.‘What this article provides is knowledge, hitherto largely missing, about how children and young people can experience coercive control post‐separation’Key Practitioner MessagesChildren and young people can be direct victims/survivors of coercive control and they can experience it in much the same ways as adults do – feeling confused and afraid, living constrained lives, and being entrapped and harmed by the perpetrator.Coercive control can harm children and young people emotionally/psychologically, physically, socially and educationally.Robust measures are required to deal with coercive control perpetrating fathers/father‐figures, in order to prevent them from using father–child relationships to continue imposing coercive control on children and ex‐partners.
Molecular Recognition in C‐Type Lectins: The Cases of DC‐SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L‐Sectin
Authors: Valverde Pablo , Martínez J. Daniel , Cañada F. Javier , Ardá Ana , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
Prenatal diagnosis and long‐term follow‐up of a Chinese patient with mosaic variegated aneuploidy and its molecular analysis
Authors: Lin Sheng Mou , Luk Ho Ming , Lo Ivan Fai Man , Tam Wai‐Keung , Chan Kelvin Yuen Kwong , Tse Hei‐Yee , Leung Wing Cheong , Tang Mary Hoi Yin , Kan Anita Sik Yau 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in BUB1B, CEP57, or TRIP13. We describe the prenatal diagnosis, molecular characterization, and clinical management of a long‐lived patient with BUB1B‐related MVA.
Designing Sodium Manganese Oxide with 4 d‐Cation Zr Doping as a High‐Rate‐Performance Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Wen‐Jing , Zheng Ya‐Min , Meng Xiao‐Meng , Liu Shi‐Bin , Xu Shou‐Dong , Chen Liang , Wang Xiao‐Min , Zhang Ding 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Shi‐Bin Liu and Ding Zhang from Taiyuan University of Technology (China). The cover picture shows that the 4d‐cation Zr‐substitution shows high promotion on the electrochemical performance of tunnel‐type transition metal oxides as promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000205.
Structural Characterization and Lifetimes of Triple‐Stranded Helical Coinage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Wagner Hanna E. , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Boden Pit , Zimmer Manuel , Klopper Willem , Breher Frank , Gerhards Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work reports on a series of polynuclear complexes containing a trinuclear Cu, Ag, or Au core in combination with the fac‐isomer of the metalloligand [Ru(pypzH)3](PF6)2 (pypzH=3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyrazole). These (in case of the Ag and Au containing species) newly synthesized compounds of the general formula [{Ru(pypz)3}2M3](PF6) (2: M=Cu; 3: M=Ag; 4: M=Au) contain triple‐stranded helical structures in which two ruthenium moieties are connected by three N‐M‐N (M=Cu, Ag, Au) bridges. In order to obtain a detailed description of the structure both in the electronic ground and excited states, extensive spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculations are applied. The equilateral coinage metal core triangle in the electronic ground state of 2–4 is distorted in the triplet state. Furthermore, the analyses offer a detailed description of electronic excitations. By using time‐resolved IR spectroscopy from the microsecond down to the nanosecond regime, both the vibrational spectra and the lifetime of the lowest lying electronically excited triplet state can be determined. The lifetimes of these almost only non‐radiative triplet states of 2–4 show an unusual effect in a way that the Au‐containing complex 4 has a lifetime which is by more than a factor of five longer than in case of the Cu complex 2. Thus, the coinage metals have a significant effect on the electronically excited state, which is localized on a pypz ligand coordinated to the Ru atom indicating an unusual cooperative effect between two moieties of the complex.
Near‐InfraredFluorescent Nanoprobe for Detecting Hydrogen Peroxide in Inflammation and Ischemic Kidney Injury
Authors: Xu Lingfeng , Sun Lihe , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn‐situoverexpressed hydrogen peroxide could serve as a biomarker for inflammation and ischemic kidney injury. Herein, a nanoprobe was developed for assay of hydrogen peroxide. The nanoprobe (TA‐TPABQ) was formedviathe boronate ester groups between the hydrophilic tannic acid and the boric‐acid‐containing compound (TPABQ) as well as the hydrophobic interactions. The probe with good photostability shows good sensitivity and selectivity towards H2O2. The probe was adopted for identifying endogenous and exogenous H2O2in living cells. Moreover, the probe was utilized forin vivoimaging experiments in acute abdomina and ankle inflammation mouse models as well as acute renal ischemia mouse model.
Construction of Alkenyl‐Functionalized Spirocarbocyclic Scaffolds from Alkyne‐Containing Phenol‐Based Biaryls via Sequential Iodine‐Induced Cyclization/Dearomatization and Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Liu Anjia , Han Kaiming , Wu Xin‐Xing , Chen Shufeng , Wang Jianbo 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn efficient strategy for the formation of alkenyl‐functionalized spirocarbocyclic scaffolds from alkyne‐containing phenol‐based biaryls via sequential iodine‐induced cyclization/dearomatization and Pd‐catalyzed coupling of N‐tosylhydrazones is developed. The approach provides various spirocarbocyclic compounds in moderate to excellent yields with good functional tolerance. The results also demonstrate the feasibility for the direct cross‐couplings of N‐tosylhydrazones with sterically congested tetrasubstituted alkenyl halides.
A novel ablation strategy of premature ventricular contractions originating from summit guided by CartoUNIVU module
Authors: Li Xuexun , Li Jianping , Chu Hongxia , Liu Xingpeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions (PVCs) from left ventricular (LV) summit remain challenging for the risk of coronary artery injury. Computed tomographic or intracardiac echocardiography may be helpful, but both still have many limitations. CartoUNIVU module has rarely been used in PVC ablation.MethodsA total of 22 patients (14 men: mean age 56.4 ± 13.3 years) with an electrocardiogram indication of summit PVCs were included in the two centers study. A novel strategy ablation with the Image Integration Module CartoUNIVUTM module was performed for all the patients with PVCs originating from LV summit area, especially to prevent the coronary artery injury.ResultsThe procedure time was 78.6 ± 22.7 minutes, and the fluoroscopy time was 12.5 ± 3.1 minutes. The distance between the target and nearest coronary artery was 8.0 ± 3.1 mm. Three patients with the distance to the nearest coronary artery <5 mm. During a mean follow‐up of 11.0 ± 1.7 months, 21/22 (95.5%) patients were free from clinical PVC. No coronary artery injury was detected in the all the ablation procedures.ConclusionThe novel strategy ablation with the Image Integration Module CartoUNIVU module is safe and effective for PVCs originating from LV summit area, especially to prevent the coronary artery injury.