bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computing and graphing probability values of pearson distributions: a SAS/IML macro
Authors: Yang Qing , An Xinming , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Any empirical data can be approximated to one of Pearson distributions using the first four moments of the data (Elderton WP, Johnson NL. Systems of Frequency Curves. 1969; Pearson K. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A. 186:343–414 1895; Solomon H, Stephens MA. J Am Stat Assoc. 73(361):153–60 1978). Thus, Pearson distributions made statistical analysis possible for data with unknown distributions. There are both extant, old-fashioned in-print tables (Pearson ES, Hartley HO. Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, vol. II. 1972) and contemporary computer programs (Amos DE, Daniel SL. Tables of percentage points of standardized pearson distributions. 1971; Bouver H, Bargmann RE. Tables of the standardized percentage points of the pearson system of curves in terms of β1 and β2. 1974; Bowman KO, Shenton LR. Biometrika. 66(1):147–51 1979; Davis CS, Stephens MA. Appl Stat. 32(3):322–7 1983; Pan W. J Stat Softw. 31(Code Snippet 2):1–6 2009) available for obtaining percentage points of Pearson distributions corresponding to certain pre-specified percentages (or probability values; e.g., 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, etc.), but they are little useful in statistical analysis because we have to rely on unwieldy second difference interpolation to calculate a probability value of a Pearson distribution corresponding to a given percentage point, such as an observed test statistic in hypothesis testing.

Results
The present study develops a macro program to identify the appropriate type of Pearson distribution based on either input of dataset or the values of four moments and then compute and graph probability values of Pearson distributions for any given percentage points.

Conclusions
The SAS macro program returns accurate approximations to Pearson distributions and can efficiently facilitate researchers to conduct statistical analysis on data with unknown distributions.
Recommendations for the collection and use of multiplexed functional data for clinical variant interpretation
Authors:   On behalf of the Brotman Baty Institute Mutational Scanning Working Group, Gelman Hannah , Dines Jennifer N. , Berg Jonathan , Berger Alice H. , Brnich Sarah , Hisama Fuki M. , James Richard G. , Rubin Alan F. , Shendure Jay , Shirts Brian , Fowler Douglas M. , Starita Lea M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVariants of uncertain significance represent a massive challenge to medical genetics. Multiplexed functional assays, in which the functional effects of thousands of genomic variants are assessed simultaneously, are increasingly generating data that can be used as additional evidence for or against variant pathogenicity. Such assays have the potential to resolve variants of uncertain significance, thereby increasing the clinical utility of genomic testing. Existing standards from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) and new guidelines from the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) establish the role of functional data in variant interpretation, but do not address the specific challenges or advantages of using functional data derived from multiplexed assays. Here, we build on these existing guidelines to provide recommendations to experimentalists for the production and reporting of multiplexed functional data and to clinicians for the evaluation and use of such data. By following these recommendations, experimentalists can produce transparent, complete, and well-validated datasets that are primed for clinical uptake. Our recommendations to clinicians and diagnostic labs on how to evaluate the quality of multiplexed functional datasets, and how different datasets could be incorporated into the ACMG/AMP variant-interpretation framework, will hopefully clarify whether and how such data should be used. The recommendations that we provide are designed to enhance the quality and utility of multiplexed functional data, and to promote their judicious use.
Inertial focusing in a parallelogram profiled microchannel over a range of aspect ratios
Authors: Kwon Joo Young , Lee Dong-Ki , Kim Jungwoo , Cho Young Hak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, particle focusing phenomena are studied in parallelogram and rectangular cross-sectioned microchannels of varying aspect ratio. In contrast to prior work the microchannels were fabricated using anisotropic wet etching of a Si wafer, plasma bonding, and self-alignment between the Si channel and the PDMS mold. It is shown that the inertial focusing points of the fabricated microchannels of parallelogram and rectangular cross-section were modified as the aspect ratio of the microchannels changed. The particle focusing points of the parallelogram profiled microchannel are compared with those of the rectangular microchannel through experimental measurements and CFD simulation. It is shown that particles can be efficiently focused and separated at a relatively low Reynolds number using a parallelogram profiled microchannel with a low aspect ratio.
Intervention planning and modification of the BUMP intervention: a digital intervention for the early detection of raised blood pressure in pregnancy
Authors: Band Rebecca , Hinton Lisa , Tucker Katherine L. , Chappell Lucy C. , Crawford Carole , Franssen Marloes , Greenfield Sheila , Hodgkinson James , McCourt Christine , McManus Richard J. , Sandall Jane , Santos Mauro Dala , Velardo Carmelo , Yardley Lucy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, particularly pre-eclampsia, pose a substantial health risk for both maternal and foetal outcomes. The BUMP (Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring in Pregnancy) interventions are being tested in a trial. They aim to facilitate the early detection of raised blood pressure through self-monitoring. This article outlines how the self-monitoring interventions in the BUMP trial were developed and modified using the person-based approach to promote engagement and adherence.

Methods
Key behavioural challenges associated with blood pressure self-monitoring in pregnancy were identified through synthesising qualitative pilot data and existing evidence, which informed guiding principles for the development process. Social cognitive theory was identified as an appropriate theoretical framework. A testable logic model was developed to illustrate the hypothesised processes of change associated with the intervention. Iterative qualitative feedback from women and staff informed modifications to the participant materials.

Results
The evidence synthesis suggested women face challenges integrating self-monitoring into their lives and that adherence is challenging at certain time points in pregnancy (for example, starting maternity leave). Intervention modification included strategies to address adherence but also focussed on modifying outcome expectancies, by providing messages explaining pre-eclampsia and outlining the potential benefits of self-monitoring.

Conclusions
With an in-depth understanding of the target population, several methods and approaches to plan and develop interventions specifically relevant to pregnant women were successfully integrated, to address barriers to behaviour change while ensuring they are easy to engage with, persuasive and acceptable.
The feasibility and acceptability of a primary school-based programme targeting diet and physical activity: the PhunkyFoods Programme
Authors: Sahota Pinki , Christian Meaghan , Day Rhiannon , Cocks Kim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the PhunkyFoods Programme, a primary school-based intervention to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity knowledge and behaviours to assess outcomes to inform a phase 3 trial.

Methods
The cluster randomised feasibility trial recruited eight primary schools from the North of England. Elibility criteria included all primary schools in one town, excluding independent and special schools and schools that comprised of only key stage 2 pupils (years 3–6). Eight schools agreed to participate. Randomisation to intervention or control arms was in a 1:1 ratio. Intervention schools received PhunkyFoods over 17 months. Control schools continued with usual curriculum. Assessors were blinded to group assignment. Measures comprised of a Healthy Lifestyle Knowledge Questionnaire and Synchronised Nutrition and Activity Program to assess diet and physical activity, height, weight, and psychological wellbeing. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, attrition rates, interviews with teaching staff, focus groups with pupils to explore the acceptability of outcome measures, implementation, intervention content, and programme fidelity.

Results
Three hundred fifty-eight pupils, aged 6–9 years from eight schools were recruited at baseline (control n = 170, intervention n = 188); 337 (94.1%) at 6 months (control n = 163, intervention n = 181); and 331 (92.5%) at 18 months (control n = 152, intervention n = 179), and 6 pupils opted out. Trends in increased knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours, healthier eating, and liking of fruit and vegetables were reported in the intervention compared to the control group. Year 4 intervention pupils had significantly higher healthy balanced diet knowledge scores compared to control pupils, mean difference 5.1 (95% CI 0.1 to 10.1, p=0.05). At 18 months, the mean percentage of vegetables liked was higher (intervention 53.9% vs. 43.0% control). Similarly, percentage of fruits liked was also higher (intervention 76.9% vs. 67.2% control). Qualitative data showed that delivery of the intervention was feasible and acceptable to teachers and pupils. Lessons were learned to inform the phase 3 trial around the dietary assessment measure and timing of recruitment.

Conclusions
Whilst the study was not powered to detect a definitive effect, results suggest a potential to increase knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours and dietary behaviours, suggesting that with minor changes, a phase 3 trial is likely to be deliverable.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN15641330. Registered 8 May 2015—retrospectively registered, 10.1186/ISRCTN15641330
Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities of fractions from methanol root extract of Abrus precatorius L
Authors: Okoro Emeka E. , Osoniyi Omolaja R. , Jabeen Almas , Shams Sidrah , Choudhary M. I. , Onajobi Funmilayo D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Abrus precatorius possesses various therapeutic properties including anticancer potentials. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of fractions of methanol root extract of A. precatorius on breast and cervical cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effect. Phytochemical screening was done by FTIR and GCMS. In vitro anti-proliferative effect was evaluated on human breast cancer (AU565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and on murine fibroblast (NIH 3 T3) cells. Antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The immunomodulatory potential of fractions was evaluated by inhibition of phagocytes oxidative burst (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

Results
A. precatorius fractions showed different chemical groups and were somewhat selective in antiproliferative activity against studied cancer cells. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 18.10 μg/mL and 11.89 μg/mL against AU565 and HeLa cells respectively. Hexane fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa cells (IC50 18.24 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas aqueous fraction showed mild inhibition (IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/mL) on AU565 cell proliferation. All fractions showed no cytotoxicity against NIH-3 T3 murine fibroblast normal cells. All fractions showed potent and significant (p < 0.001) DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as suppressed phagocytic oxidative burst. Hexane (< 1 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL), and butanol (5.74 μg/mL) fractions potently inhibited the cytokine TNF- α, hexane (< 1 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL) fractions also potently inhibited NO.

Conclusions
The antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on the phagocytic oxidative burst, NO and proinflammatory cytokine might be due to the synergistic actions of bioactive compounds especially flavonoids present in the assayed fractions and therefore, suggest chemotherapeutic use of A. precatorius in cancer treatment.
Simulated patient contributions to enhancing exercise physiology student clinical assessment skills
Authors: Reeves Nathan E. , Waite Monique C. , Tuttle Neil , Bialocerkowski Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise physiology students’ perceptions of two simulation-based learning modules focused on communication and interpersonal skills during history taking.

Methods
A prospective, repeated-measures cohort study was conducted with 15 participants. The study evaluated two simulation-based learning modules in a 1-year Graduate Diploma of Exercise Science program. Surveys were administered at four time points: prior to each module and following each module. Students rated their confidence in communication and history taking, and perception of preparedness for practice, motivation for learning, and benefits of undertaking simulation-based learning. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and by using repeated measures tests. Qualitative data underwent thematic analyses.

Results
Students reported a significant improvement in their confidence in communication (P = 0.043) and in two parameters related to history taking (P = 0.034 and 0.035) following the completion of the two modules. There was 96% agreement that the simulation-based learning better prepared students for practice as an exercise physiologist. Significant changes occurred in all aspects of motivation for learning (P ranging from < 0.001 to 0.036) except for usefulness, where there was a ceiling effect (medians of 7 on a 7-point scale). Qualitative analysis demonstrated benefit to participants around themes of experiential learning, realism, opportunity to develop clinical skills, and debriefing. Students also made suggestions with respect to the activity structure of the simulation-based learning modules.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that simulation-based learning employing SPs increased the confidence and preparedness of exercise physiology students for conducting history taking, a requisite exercise physiology skill. Future studies should include behavioral measures of skill attainment and include follow-up evaluation to appraise the application of these skills into clinical practice.
A simulation-based learning experience in augmentative and alternative communication using telepractice: speech pathology students’ confidence and perceptions
Authors: Howells Simone , Cardell Elizabeth A. , Waite Monique C. , Bialocerkowski Andrea , Tuttle Neil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Simulation, as an activity in speech-language pathology training, can increase opportunities for students to gain required skills and competencies. One area that has received little attention in the simulation literature, yet is a growing area of clinical practice, is alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). Also growing, is the use of telepractice to deliver services. This exploratory study investigated graduate entry speech-language pathology student perceptions of a simulation learning experience working with an adult with complex communication needs via telepractice.

Methods
First year Master of Speech Pathology students completed a 1-day simulation using a videoconferencing delivery platform with an actor portraying an adult client with motor neurone disease requiring AAC. Quantitative and qualitative survey measures were completed pre- and post-simulation to explore students’ confidence, perceived impact on clinical performance, and perceived extent of learning, specifically, their interest, competence, and tension. Further, students’ perceptions about the telepractice system useability were explored. Fifty-two responses were received and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results
Post-simulation, students reported increased confidence and perceived positive impacts on their confidence and clinical skills across communication, assessment, and management domains. They felt better prepared to manage a client with a progressive neurological condition and to make AAC recommendations. For telepractice delivery, technology limitations were identified as impacting its use, including infrastructure (e.g., weak internet connection). In addition, some students reported feeling disconnected from the client.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of simulation in AAC through telepractice as a means of supporting Masters-level speech pathology student learning in this area of practice.
Difference between the biologic and chronologic age as an individualized indicator for the skincare intensity selection: skin cell profile and age difference studies
Authors: Sukhovei Yurij , Kostolomova Elena , Unger Irina , Koptyug Andrey , Kaigorodov Denis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The present research addresses the issue of skin aging and corresponding skin treatment individualization. Particular research question was on the development of a simplified criterion supporting patient-specific decisions about the necessity and intensity of skin treatment. Basing on published results and a wide pool of our own experimental data, a hypothesis is formulated that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as a powerful indicator of skin aging.

Methods
In the present paper, we report the results of studies with 80 volunteers between 15 and 65 years of age linking skin cell profile parameters to biologic and chronologic age. Biologic age was calculated using the empirical expressions based on the forced vital lung capacity, systolic blood pressure, urea concentration, and blood cholesterol level. Epidermis and derma cellular structures were studied using skin biopsy samples taken from the gluteal region.

Results
The present study supports the conclusion that biologic and chronologic age difference is changing in the progress of life. Our studies are showing that time point when calculated biologic age becomes equal to the chronologic one reflecting the onset of specific changes in the age dependencies of experimentally measured skin cell profile parameters. Thus, it is feasible that a difference between chronologic and individually assessed biologic age indeed reflects the process of skin aging.

Conclusions
With all reservations to the relatively small number of study participants, it seems feasible that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as an indicator of skin aging. Additional research linking blood immune profile and skin topography to the difference of biologic and chronologic age (reported in the following paper) provides further support for the formulated hypotheses. So, a difference between calculated biologic age and chronologic age can be used as an individualized criterion supporting decisions on skin treatment strategies. Further research involving larger numbers of participants aimed at optimizing the expressions for calculating biologic age could lead to reliable and easily available express criterion supporting the decision for the individualized skin treatment.
Second look Holter ECG in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Knecht Stefan , Petsch Sebastian , Kirchhof Paulus , Studer Bettina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Many stroke survivors suffer recurrent stroke because paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) was missed and no preventive anticoagulation initiated. This prospective cohort study determined the added diagnostic yield of second-look 24-h electrocardiographic recording (ECG) in a population at high risk for AF: patients who suffered a stroke of such severity that they require inpatient neurorehabilitation.

Methods
We enrolled 508 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to post-acute inpatient neurorehabilitation and determined whether AF was detected during acute care at the referring hospital. Second-look baseline and 24-h Holter ECG were then conducted during neurorehabilitation. Primary outcome was number of newly detected AF with duration of > 30 s; secondary outcomes were number of newly detected absolute arrhythmia of 10–30 s and < 10 s duration. For comparison, we further enrolled 100 patients with hemorrhagic stroke without history of AF (age = 72 + 11 years, 51% female).

Results
In 206 of the 508 ischemic stroke patients, AF had been detected during acute phase work-up (age = 78 + 10 years, 55% female). For the remaining 302 ischemic stroke patients, no AF was detected during acute phase work-up (age = 74 + 9 years; 47% female). Second-look 24-h ECG showed previously missed AF of > 30 s in 20 of these patients, i.e. 6.6% of the sample, and shorter absolute arrhythmia in 50 patients (i.e. 16.5%).

Conclusions
Second-look 24-Hour ECG performed during post-acute inpatient neurorehabilitation has a high diagnostic yield and should become a standard component of recurrent stroke prevention.
Aerodynamic analysis of a generic wing featuring an elasto-flexible lifting surface
Authors: Piquee J. , López Canalejo I. , Breitsamter C. , Wüchner R. , Bletzinger K.-U. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA three-dimensional-membrane-type wing is investigated applying fluid-structure-interaction computations and complementary experiments. An analysis for three Reynolds numbers is conducted at various angles of attack. The computations are performed by means of the TAU-Code and the FEM Carat++ solver. Wind-tunnel tests are carried out for performance analysis and to estimate the accuracy of the computations. In the results, the advantages of an elasto-flexible-lifting-surface concept are highlighted by comparing the formvariable surface to its rigid counterpart. The flexibility of the material and its adaptivity to the freestream allow the membrane to adjust its shape to the pressure distribution. For positive angles of attack, the airfoil’s camber increases resulting in an increase in the wing lifting capacity. Furthermore, the stall onset is postponed to higher angles of attack and the abrupt decrease in the lift is replaced by a gradual loss of it.