bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Indole Nitrogen Hybrids as Photosystem II Inhibitors
Authors: de Souza Jéssica Maria , Fazolo Bruno Rodrigues , Lacerda Jhully Wellen Ferreira , Moura Mariana de Souza , dos Santos Arielly Celestino Rodrigues , de Vasconcelos Leonardo Gomes , de Sousa Junior Paulo Teixeira , Dall’Oglio Evandro Luiz , Ali Akbar , Sampaio Olívia Moreira , Vieira Lucas Campos Curcino 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of twelve indole derivatives bearing nitro or amide groups via Fischer indole methodology followed by reduction/acetylation and amidation reactions. After thorough characterization, these indoles were subjected to a number of studies in order to evaluate their bioactive potential as photosynthesis and plant growth inhibitors. Firstly, these molecular hybrids were evaluated as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors through chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence measurement. In this study, 6‐chloro‐8‐nitro‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole (15a) and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole (15b) showed the best results by reducing the phenomenological parameters of reaction centers ABS/RC, TR0/RC and ET0/RC of PSII. Electron chain blockage by these compounds may lead to diminished ATP synthesis and CO2 fixation which interrupt the plant development. The compounds 15a and 15b both act as postemergent herbicides, reducing the dry biomass of Ipomoea grandifolia and Senna alata weeds by an average of 40% and 37%, respectively, corroborating the fluorescence results. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the presence of strong electron‐withdrawing groups at the indole phenyl ring is important for the ligand’s interaction with the binding pocket of protein D1 on PSII. The optimization of these molecular features is the goal of our research group in further understanding and development of new potent herbicides.
Effect of Nail Thickness on Visible Radiation Transmittance: Implications for New Photodynamic Therapy Technologies in Onychomycosis
Authors: de Gálvez Enrique Navarrete‐ , Aguilera José , de Gálvez María Victoria , Fonda‐Pascual Pablo , Herrera‐Ceballos Enrique , Gago‐Calderón Alfonso 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is taking importance as a nonintrusive treatment for nail onychomycosis. Knowledge of true transmittance values across nails could lead to qualitative and quantitative improvements in light‐based treatments. We have characterized the spectral transmittance of healthy and fungally infected human fingernails and toenails according to nail thickness, and we propose a surface transmittance model for the small‐scale optimization of light‐based treatments. Transmittance of fingernails and toenails was analyzed by means of spectroradiometric measurements under solar‐simulated visible light radiation (400 nm to 750 nm). The nail thickness was measured by means of microscope measurement. Transmittance was highest at longer wavelengths and decreased gradually as the wavelengths became shorter but with a significant nail transmittance of around 20% in the blue region of the spectrum. In the case of nails affected by onychomycosis, transmittance fell to under 10% because of the thickness of the nails, with no changes in spectral characteristics of transmitted light. Nail thickness is the main variable controlling exponentially light transmission in the visible spectrum and not only red radiation is effective for nail onychomycosis PDT. Blue light, the spectral band more effective for PPIX absorption is also effectively transmitted.
Making the Indebted Citizen: An Inquiry into State Benevolence in Turkey
Authors: Yoltar Çağrı 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article concerns the making of the indebted citizen in Turkey through state benevolence. It focuses on the materialization of a debt relationship between state and citizen in everyday workings of state‐sponsored welfare programs in the Kurdish region, in the shadow of a protracted armed conflict between the Turkish military forces and the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (Kurdistan Workers’ Party). In Turkey, as in many other places, welfare benefits are promoted as a state benevolence rather than a citizenship right, and many officials seek to ensure that beneficiaries are credible enough to honor their debts to the state in the form of loyalty and obedience. Examining bureaucratic processes of beneficiary selection, I demonstrate how a dialectic of generous giving and forceful taking congeals in welfare distribution, compelling compliant behavior among the beneficiaries through the power of debt. I argue that what seems to be a free provision by the Turkish state—social assistance—often operates as a mechanism of debt production in practice—another form of political and economic dispossession for the Kurds in Turkey.
Changing the Subject ofSati
Authors: Das Acevedo Deepa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharan Shah's 1999 death was widely considered to be the first sati, or widow immolation, to have occurred in India in over twenty years. Media coverage of the event focused on procedural minutiae—her sari, her demeanor—and ultimately, several progressive commentators came to the counterintuitive conclusion that the ritually anomalous nature of Charan's death confirmed its voluntary, secular, and noncriminal nature. This article argues that the “unlabeling” of Charan's death, like those of other women between 1999 and 2006, reflects a tension between the nonindividuated, impervious model of personhood exemplified by sati and the particularized citizen‐subject of liberal‐democratic politics in India.
A Unified Data-Adaptive Framework for High Dimensional Change Point Detection
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Xinsheng , Liu Yufeng 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn recent years, change point detection for a high dimensional data sequence has become increasingly important in many scientific fields such as biology and finance. The existing literature develops a variety of methods designed for either a specified parameter (e.g. the mean or covariance) or a particular alternative pattern (sparse or dense), but not for both scenarios simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, we provide a general framework for developing tests that are suitable for a large class of parameters, and also adaptive to various alternative scenarios. In particular, by generalizing the classical cumulative sum statistic, we construct the U-statistic-based cumulative sum matrix C. Two cases corresponding to common or different change point locations across the components are considered. We then propose two types of individual test statistics by aggregating C on the basis of the adjusted Lp-norm with p ∈ {1, …, ∞}. Combining the corresponding individual tests, we construct two types of data-adaptive tests for the two cases, which are both powerful under various alternative patterns. A multiplier bootstrap method is introduced for approximating the proposed test statistics’ limiting distributions. With flexible dependence structure across co-ordinates and mild moment conditions, we show the optimality of our methods theoretically in terms of size and power by allowing the dimension d and the number of parameters q to be much larger than the sample size n. An R package called AdaptiveCpt is developed to implement our algorithms. Extensive simulation studies provide further support for our theory. An application to a comparative genomic hybridization data set also demonstrates the usefulness of our proposed methods.
Irradiated and CCl4‐treated bone marrow‐derived liver macrophages exhibit different gene expression patterns and phenotypes
Authors: Fan Xu , Shan Shan , Wu Peng , Lin Weiran , Jia Jidong , He Fuchu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyeloid cells infiltrate into the liver and differentiate into macrophages in different liver injury mouse models. However, the heterogeneity of bone marrow (BM)‐derived LMs populations remains to be understood. To investigate this and understand the impact of the macrophage niche on the properties of recruited BM‐derived macrophages, we used a non‐myeloablation BM transplantation model to label and trace BM‐derived LMs. Subsequently, we quantified the number of embryonic‐derived liver‐resident macrophages, BM‐derived LMs and total LMs in CCl4 and irradiated acute liver injury mouse models, respectively. Finally, we compared the cell fate, gene expression patterns, chemokine signals, and surface markers of irradiated and CCl4‐treated BM‐derived LMs. We observed that, as compared to CCl4, radiation generated a macrophage niche by depleting embryonic‐derived liver‐resident macrophages and induced the recruitment of BM‐derived LMs that further settled in the liver. Irradiated and CCl4‐treated BM‐derived LMs are different with respect to their cell fates, gene expression patterns, and chemokine expression and recruitment. They also have different surface markers shortly after differentiating from their progenitors. Our findings suggest that irradiated and CCl4‐treated LM populations derived from the bone marrow display different patterns of gene expression and phenotypes; these differences may be due to the availability of macrophage niche.
Survival of Formula One Drivers
Authors: Celik Onur Burak 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the determinants of the duration time of drivers in the Formula One (F1) competition, which is an industry with high physical capital investment and requires labor with very high human capital.MethodsSince estimates may be biased when the whole F1 history, starting with the 1950 season, is considered, unlike prior studies in the literature, this article limits its data set to racing seasons from 1981 to 2017. In addition, since the failure times are correlated within the drivers with multiple spells, single‐spell methods used in prior studies underestimate true standard errors and produce inflated test statistics. Hence, the most appropriate approach for the duration analysis of F1 drivers would be the survival analysis for recurrent events, which is employed in this study.ResultsOnce a driver exits F1, he survives for a shorter period of time if he returns. In order to survive longer, a driver has to perform better than his teammate. Each year of age decreases the probability of exit while drivers can increase their duration time in F1 by switching teams. Completing a race does not make any difference to survival but finishing a race on the podium lowers the probability of exit.ConclusionTeam owners and managers should be cautious when they consider hiring a driver who exited F1 before. A driver should be at least better than his teammate in order to survive in F1. Drivers can also increase their chances of survival substantially by changing teams.
The African Growth and Opportunity Act and growth in sub‐Saharan Africa: A local projection approach
Authors: Cook Nathaniel P. S. , Jones Jason C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is intended to increase exports and economic growth in sub‐Saharan Africa by providing trade preferences to eligible countries. While previous research has generally found a positive relationship between AGOA and exports, no previous research has investigated the relationship between AGOA and economic growth. We explore the dynamic relationship between AGOA and economic growth in sub‐Saharan Africa by applying the local projection method (American Economic Review, 95, 2005 and 161) to estimate impulse responses. We find that a country's becoming eligible for AGOA preferences is associated with higher growth rates in the future, but that this effect may not be immediate, highlighting the importance of exploring the dynamic relationship between AGOA and growth.
Technique for comprehensive fetal hepatic blood flow assessment in sheep using 4D flow MRI
Authors: Schrauben Eric M. , Darby Jack R.T. , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Holman Stacey L. , Lock Mitchell C. , Perumal Sunthara R. , Seed Mike , Morrison Janna L. , Macgowan Christopher K. 
Published: June 2020

Key points
The comprehensive visualization and quantification of in vivo fetal hepatic haemodynamics, particularly the shunting of ductus venosus blood, has been elusive and is not yet fully understood.
We introduce the combination of chronically instrumented fetal sheep and 4D flow MRI of the whole fetal liver, which allows retrospective blood flow measurement in all visible vessels as well as qualitative assessment.
The applicability and usefulness of this technique is exhibited in normally grown fetal Merino sheep in mid‐ and late‐gestation with detailed dynamic distribution of hepatic blood flow presented. The feasibility of this approach in clinical pathology is demonstrated in two growth‐restricted fetuses at mid‐gestation.
Further exemplification of blood flow quantification is performed over major hepatic vessels.
AbstractAlthough the fetal vasculature has been demarcated and well understood for several decades, the corresponding haemodynamics permitting oxygen‐ and nutrient‐rich blood delivery to the fetal organs has been comparatively difficult to study. We married two well‐established methods: 4D flow MRI, a volumetric and dynamic blood‐flow measurement technique, and chronically instrumented sheep to broadly assess fetal hepatic circulation. We performed this technique in mid‐ and late‐gestation fetal Merino sheep under normoxemic conditions and major hepatic vasculature was segmented to quantify blood flow and related parameters. Dynamic blood flow was visualized, exhibiting an acceleration of umbilical vein blood through the ductus venosus as well as spiralling into the inferior vena cava where its stream remained separate from that of the hepatic veins and lower body. Ductus venosus changes from mid‐ to late‐gestation included larger diameter (mid: 5.8 ± 0.9 vs. late: 7.1 ± 1.1 mm; P = 0.003) and cross‐sectional area (mid: 27.1 ± 8.6 vs. late: 40.4 ± 11.8 mm2; P = 0.003), and lower velocity averaged over the cardiac cycle (mid: 15.7 ± 5.4 vs. late: 9.8 ± 7.0 cm s‐1; P = 0.020). This resulted in higher magnitude blood flow (indexed to umbilical vein input) at mid‐gestation in the ductus venosus (mid: 0.73 ± 0.21; late: 0.46 ± 0.21; P = 0.008). The visualization and quantification results support the further use of this technique to better understand regional blood flow changes during normal or abnormal fetal growth, as well as to observe acute haemodynamic responses to physiological challenges or drug interventions.
Energy Harvesting for System of Coupled Oscillators Under External Excitation in the Vicinity of Resonance 1:1
Authors: Zuppa Leonardo Acho , Awrejcewicz Jan , Losyeva Nataliya , Puzyrov Volodymyr , Savchenko Nina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vibration energy is abundantly present in many natural and artificial systems and can be assembled by various devices, mainly employing the benefits of the piezo-electric and electromagnetic phenomena. In the present article, the electromechanical system with two degrees-of-freedom is considered. An additional element (dynamical vibration absorber or DVA) is attached to the main mass, whose vibrations are to be reduced. The DVA consists of a spring, damping, and piezo-electric elements for energy harvesting. The goal is to reduce the maximal possible responses of the main structure at the vicinity of external 1:1 resonance and at the same time collect energy from the vibration of the system. An analytical approach is proposed to find the solution of the problem. We show that the piezo-electric element allows effective energy harvesting and at the same has a very limited influence on reducing the amplitude of oscillations of the main mass. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.
A Novel Event-Triggered Active Model Predictive Control for Synchronization of Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems
Authors: Boruah Namita , Roy Binoy Krishna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, synchronization of two identical discrete-time chaotic systems is considered in networked control environment where communication plays a significant role along with the synchronization performance. A new event-triggered (ET) active model predictive control (MPC) technique is proposed in the presence of constraints. With the help of active control, a linear MPC is sufficient to control a chaotic system. The active controller is not present all the time, rather only activated when a triggering condition is fulfilled. The MPC also solves the optimization problem only when an event is triggered. A triggering condition is designed to ensure a required performance bound. This technique reduces the computational burden as well as the frequency of communication between sensors and controller and controller and actuator. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated by two simulation examples. A trade-off analysis between network traffic and synchronization performance, and its dependence on the prediction horizon is done for the considered system. It reveals that an optimum trade-off can be achieved according to the desired requirement.
Socialization Experiences of First-Year Adapted Physical Education Teachers With a Master’s Degree
Authors: Holland Steven K. , Haegele Justin A. 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning that first-year adapted physical education teachers with a master’s degree ascribed to their occupational socialization experiences. An interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach was used, and occupational socialization theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Five teachers participated in this study. The sources of data were a semistructured focus group interview, semistructured one-to-one interviews, and reflective interview notes. Thematic development involved a three-step analysis process informed by the research approach. Three themes were constructed: (a) interactions with individuals with disabilities and activity experiences, (b) recruitment of adapted physical education teacher education students, and (c) graduate training and initial workplace experiences. The constructed themes provide unique insight into how teachers are socialized into adapted physical education and the meaning they ascribe to various socialization experiences, such as the limited impact that interactions with individuals with disabilities had on the decision to pursue this career.
Effect of Differential Training on Female Volleyball Spike-Jump Technique and Performance
Authors: Fuchs Philip X. , Fusco Andrea , Bell Jeffrey W. , von Duvillard Serge P. , Cortis Cristina , Wagner Herbert 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:To determine the effect of in-season differential training on volleyball spike-jump technique and performance in elite-level female players.Methods:During the season, spike jumps of 12 elite female players (Austrian Volleyball League Women) were recorded by 13 Qualisys Oqus cameras (250 Hz) and an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). First measurement was made at the beginning of the investigation. Two identical measurements were repeated after a first and a second interval. The first interval served as control phase. The second interval was comparable in length and regular program but included differential training (6 wk, 8 sessions of 15–20 min) as a modified warm-up. It addressed specific performance determinants. Analyses of variances were calculated for the 3 measurements and for the development during control and intervention phase.Results:Initial jump height (0.44 [0.09] m) changed by −4.5% during the control phase and +11.9% during the intervention (P < .001,). All approach variables, arm backswing, and velocity-conversion strategy improved compared with the control phase (Δ%: 6.1–51.2%,P < .05,). Joint angles, countermovement depth, maximal angular velocities, and torso incline were not affected (Δ%: −2.9–9.1%,P = .066–.969,).Conclusions:In-season differential training led to technical adaptations and increased spike-jump height in elite female players. The differential training program allowed players to experience a range of adaptability and to adjust toward an individual optimum in technical components of performance determinants. Coaches are encouraged to apply technical differential training to elite athletes and to target biomechanical performance factors specifically.
Iron line reverberation mapping in Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi background
Authors: Ghasemi-Nodehi M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reverberation associated with the iron line is the time lag between direct photons from the corona and the photons reflected from the disk. The resulting line spectrum is called the 2D transfer function. The shape of the 2D transfer function is determined by the geometry of spacetime and the properties of BH. In a paper (Ghasemi-Nodehi and Bambi in EPJC 76:290, 2016), the authors have proposed a parametrization. This parametrization is aimed to test the Kerr nature of astrophysical black hole candidates. In this paper, I provide a reverberation mapping of the Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi metric in order to constrain the parameter of spacetime. All parameters can be constrained with the exception of$$b_{11}$$b11. The parameter$$b_4$$b4is harder to constrain too.
Enhancing sensitivity to non-standard neutrino interactions at INO combining muon and hadron information
Authors: Khatun Amina , Chatterjee Sabya Sachi , Thakore Tarak , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the impact of flavor violating neutral current non-standard interaction (NSI) parameter $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ in the oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately using the 50 kt magnetized ICAL detector at INO. We find that due to non-zero $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ, $$\nu _\mu \rightarrow \nu _\mu $$νμ→νμ and $${\bar{\nu }}_\mu \rightarrow {\bar{\nu }}_\mu $$ν¯μ→ν¯μ transition probabilities get modified substantially at higher energies and longer baselines, where vacuum oscillation dominates. We demonstrate for the first time that by adding the hadron energy information along with the muon energy and muon direction in each event, the sensitivity of ICAL to the NSI parameter $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ can be enhanced significantly. The most optimistic bound on $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ that we obtain is $$-\,\,0.01< \varepsilon _{\mu \tau } < 0.01 $$-0.01<εμτ<0.01 at 90$$\%$$% C.L. using 500 kt$$\cdot $$·yr exposure and considering $$E_\mu $$Eμ, $$\cos \theta _\mu $$cosθμ, and $$E'_{\mathrm{had}}$$Ehad′ as observables in their ranges of [1, 21] GeV, [− 1, 1], and [0, 25] GeV, respectively. We discuss for the first time the importance of the charge identification capability of the ICAL detector to have better constraints on $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ. We also study the impact of non-zero $$\varepsilon _{\mu \tau }$$εμτ on mass hierarchy determination and precision measurement of oscillation parameters.