bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for enhancing public engagement with citizen science results
Authors: MacLeod Catriona J. , Scott Karen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Citizen science is frequently cited as a successful approach for increasing public engagement with environmental issues, but this requires a purposeful design that is inclusive of, and responsive to, diverse interests. This paper explores the mechanisms for improving participant and public engagement with citizen science results, using the New Zealand Garden Bird Survey (NZGBS) as a case study. It investigates how citizen science can apply democratic processes to be more responsive, while drawing on insights from behaviour change frameworks to facilitate a purposeful design.

By inviting NZGBS participants to select, inform and peer review the design and promotion of new resources, our goal was to embed their values, opinions and perspectives into the developments. This not only empowered 15,844 respondents to contribute directly to the citizen science initiative's governance over 6 years, but also made it more engaging and useful to them and the wider public.

New resources were designed to create a sense of collective action, making them attractive, easy to understand and promote on multiple media channels, aiming to reach a wider range of audiences. By diversifying and refining our communication strategy, we successfully enhanced the level and nature of engagement with the resources. The number and diversity of NZGBS participants also increased to involve people from a wider range of backgrounds and roles, ethnicities and ages.

By applying a democratic process, we demonstrate how citizen scientist perspectives were elevated, to offset and mitigate the influence of institutional powers, which can dominate and shape engagement processes. We also highlight the value of behaviour change frameworks for understanding how choice architecture, social networks and key influencers, and their complex interactions can create the enabling environment required for engagement.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Patterns and compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) of capsaicinoids in Cayenne chilli fruits of different ripening stages
Authors: Krauß Stephanie , Becker Laura , Vetter Walter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCapsaicinoids are alkaloids of high pungency which are exclusively formed by fruits of the genus Capsicum. Capsaicinoid content and composition of Capsicum fruits are influenced by ripening.ObjectiveDetermination of changes in content and pattern of individual capsaicinoids in chilli pods with fruit ripening. Compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ13C values (‰), CSIA) was used for a better understanding of capsaicinoid development during fruit ripening.MethodologyCayenne chillies (Capsicum annuum) were grown in a glasshouse and harvested from different plants at four ripening stages (unripe, semi‐ripe, ripe, overripe). Nine capsaicinoids (one verified by synthesis) were quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). For CSIA, an acetylation method for derivatising capsaicinoids was developed.ResultsVariations in the patterns of the nine capsaicinoids were not relatable to a distinct ripening stage and also total contents varied extensively from plant to plant. However, changes in total capsaicinoid concentrations were systematic. In almost all plants, maximum values were reached in unripe fruits, then decreased to semi‐ripe samples and increased again in the following ripening process. Likewise, δ13C values of individual capsaicinoids were always by ~2‰ heavier in unripe than in semi‐ripe or ripe fruits. However, direction of changes in sum‐δ13C values (‰) (taking contributions of all capsaicinoids together) could not be explained by corresponding variations in capsaicinoid concentrations.ConclusionsBoth quantification and δ13C values (‰) verified the presence of ripening‐related changes in the capsaicinoid content which may be caused by simultaneously proceeding reactions like synthesis, storage and degradation of capsaicinoids.
DNA‐Barcoded Fluorescence Microscopy for Spatial Omics
Authors: Schueder Florian , Unterauer Eduard M. , Ganji Mahipal , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInnovation in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics research has created a plethora of state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as nucleic acid sequencing and mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics with paramount impact in the life sciences. While current approaches yield quantitative abundance analysis of biomolecules on an almost routine basis, coupling this high content to spatial information in a single cell and tissue context is challenging. Here, current implementations of spatial omics are discussed and recent developments in the field of DNA‐barcoded fluorescence microscopy are reviewed. Light is shed on the potential of DNA‐based imaging techniques to provide a comprehensive toolbox for spatial genomics and transcriptomics and discuss current challenges, which need to be overcome on the way to spatial proteomics using high‐resolution fluorescence microscopy.
Leginon: New features and applications
Authors: Cheng Anchi , Negro Carl , Bruhn Jessica F. , Rice William J. , Dallakyan Sargis , Eng Edward T. , Waterman David G. , Potter Clinton S. , Carragher Bridget 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeginon is a system for automated data acquisition from a transmission electron microscope. Here we provide an updated summary of the overall Leginon architecture and an update of the current state of the package. We also highlight a few recent developments to provide some concrete examples and use cases.
A kinetic coupling between protein unfolding and aggregation controls time‐dependent solubility of the human myeloma antibody light chain
Authors: Džupponová Veronika , Huntošová Veronika , Žoldák Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation is one of the most critical processes affecting protein solubility in various contexts—from protein therapeutics formulation to protein diseases. In general, time‐dependent changes in protein solubility are complex kinetically driven processes that often involve a triggering event that consists of a protein unfolding/misfolding followed by the assembling of aggregation‐competent protein species. In this study, we have examined the relation between stability and time‐dependent solubility of the recombinant human antibody light chain, hLC, which was found to form renal tubular casts in the multiple myeloma patient. To analyze the aggregation quantitatively, the hLC stability and protein solubility assays were performed in vitro at elevated temperatures. A differential acceleration of the processes at high temperatures enabled us to dissect observed kinetics of irreversible hLC unfolding and aggregation. We find that for hLC these processes have different molecularity and activation energy barriers. While the irreversible unfolding of hLC is a unimolecular step with a substantial activation energy barrier of 260 kJ/mol, the aggregation is rate‐limited by the bimolecular reaction, which is characterized by a lower activation energy barrier of 40 kJ/mol. By the combination of experimental assays at different temperatures, different protein concentrations and kinetic modeling using ordinary differential equations, we were able to extrapolate time‐dependent protein solubility to temperatures where both unfolding and aggregation processes are strongly kinetically coupled. Our study enables mechanism‐based evaluation and interpretation of different physico‐chemical factors contributing to the hLC unfolding and aggregation and their effect on the formation of extracellular protein deposits.
Regulations in the era of new‐type urbanisation and migrant workers' settlement intentions: The case of Beijing
Authors: Sheng Yinan , Zhao Menghan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe most important determinant of migration decisions across the globe is economic gain, and attempts to regulate access to a better life have been met with contention. Most previous studies debate on whether regulations successfully restrict the numbers of migrants. However, more recent work points to their focus on migrant selection. Because the New‐type Urbanisation Plan was introduced in 2014, China's mega‐cities (populations of 10 million or more) have begun limiting migrants by job skills. For example, cities with upgraded industrial structures are adopting regulations that support the attraction and retention of high‐skilled migrants while allowing them to refuse an influx of low‐skilled workers. What impact have such regulations had on migration? This article explores how these targeted regulations shape migrant workers' long‐term (i.e., 5 years or more) settlement intentions in the mega‐city of Beijing. Drawing on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey data—commissioned by the National Health Commission and collected in 2012, 2014 and 2017—we find that the proportion of migrants planning to remain in Beijing long term has dropped substantially. While migrants continue to leave small hometowns assuming they will be paid more for their work in mega‐cities such as Beijing, new regulations have lessened the effects of the income differentials between hometowns and the host city. Such a decline in influence is most pronounced among migrant workers in traditional industries (e.g., manufacturing, construction and retail) who are targeted by the regulations.
Discrete‐time sliding mode output tracking control for a class of nonlinear perturbed systems
Authors: Zapata‐Zuluaga Cristian C. , Loukianov Alexander G. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe output tracking problem for a class of sampled‐data nonlinear systems exposed in nonlinear block controllable form is faced. This article considers both matched and unmatched perturbations. To formulate a desired sliding manifold on which the impact of unmatched perturbation is attenuated, the block control technique combined with the perturbation estimation, is implemented. A discrete‐time sliding mode nonswitching controller is synthesized such that the closed‐loop system state is driven toward a vicinity of the designed sliding manifold and stays there for all sampled time instants, avoiding chattering, and reducing the matched perturbation effect. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is confirmed by simulation.
Polar Metal Phase Induced by Oxygen Octahedral Network Relaxation in Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Roh Chang Jae , Jung Myung‐Chul , Kim Jeong Rae , Go Kyoung‐June , Kim Jinkwon , Oh Ho Jun , Jo Yong‐Ryun , Shin Yeong Jae , Choi Jeong Gi , Kim Bong‐Joong , Noh Do Young , Choi Si‐Young , Noh Tae Won , Han Myung Joon , Lee Jong Seok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractABO3 perovskite materials and their derivatives have inherent structural flexibility due to the corner sharing network of the BO6 octahedron, and the large variety of possible structural distortions and strong coupling between lattice and charge/spin degrees of freedom have led to the emergence of intriguing properties, such as high‐temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, and improper ferroelectricity. Here, an unprecedented polar ferromagnetic metal phase in SrRuO3 (SRO) thin films is presented, arising from the strain‐controlled oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR) pattern. For compressively strained SRO films grown on SrTiO3 substrate, oxygen octahedral network relaxation is accompanied by structural phase separation into strained tetragonal and bulk‐like orthorhombic phases, and the asymmetric OOR evolution across the phase boundary allows formation of the polar phase, while bulk metallic and ferromagnetic properties are maintained. From the results, it is expected that other oxide perovskite thin films will also yield similar structural environments with variation of OOR patterns, and thereby provide promising opportunities for atomic scale control of material properties through strain engineering.
Galvanic Replacement Reaction Involving Core–Shell Magnetic Chains and Orientation‐Tunable Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Zhao Biao , Li Yang , Zeng Qingwen , Wang Lei , Ding Jingjun , Zhang Rui , Che Renchao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials have attracted considerable attention because of EM wave pollution caused by the proliferation of electronic communication devices. One‐dimentional (1D) structural magnetic metals have potential as EM absorption materials. However, fabricating 1D core–shell bimetallic magnetic species is a significant challenge. Herein, 1D core–shell bimetallic magnetic chains are successfully prepared through a modified galvanic replacement reaction under an external magnetic field, which could facilitate the preparation of 1D core–shell noble magnetic chains. By delicately designing the orientation of bimetallic magnetic chains in polyvinylidene fluoride, the composites reveal the decreased complex permittivity and increased permeability compared with random counterparts. Thus, elevated EM wave absorption perfromances including an optimal reflection loss of −43.5 dB and an effective bandwidth of 7.3 GHz could be achieved for the oriented Cu@Co sample. Off‐axis electron holograms indicate that the augmented magnetic coupling and remarkable polarization loss primarily contribute to EM absorption in addition to the antenna effect of the 1D structure to scatter microwaves and ohmic loss of the metallic attribute. This work can serve a guide to construct 1D core–shell bimetallic magnetic nanostructures and design magnetic configuration in polymer to tune EM parameters and strengthen EM absorption properties.
Utility of Hepatic Transporters as Multimodal Gene Reporters for Cell‐Based Medicine
Authors: Padhiar Arshad Ahmed , Faqeer Abdullah , Sun Shimin , Hamid Md Rana , Liao Jinqi , Zhou Yan , Ahmmed Bulbul , Qin Xialing , Changjun Tie , Gao Shuping , Yu Shan , Song Ming , Wang Jiachuan , Chai Zhen , Tianzi Jiang , Zhang Chen , Zhou Guangqian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatic transporters facilitate the uptake of xenobiotic compounds and confer immense potential as multimodality reporters, as they can uptake multitude of bioluminescent, fluorescence, near Infra‐red (NIR), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compounds. Here, it is aimed to identify the prospects of three human hepatocyte membrane proteins, organic anion transporters (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, and sodium‐taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide in tracing the transplanted cells dynamics, by the uptake of clinically approved MRI compound, gadolinium ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GD‐EOB DTPA) or NIR fluorescent dye, Indocyanine Green (ICG). First, OATP1B1 is introduced as new MRI reporter which is the human orthologue of previously established rodent (Oatp1a1) reporter. Comparative sequential assays by assimilating MR image parameters reveal OATP1B3 as superior reporter on T1‐weighted images and display highest contrast enhancement reported to‐date when using a clinical 3T MR scanner (≈21‐fold in vitro; ≈8‐fold in vivo). Stably expressing these hepatic transporters have no effect on human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) characteristics. However, only OATP1B3 able to trace as few as 2 × 105 hADSCs intramuscular xenograft survival time on NIR and 3T MRI. These data suggest that OATP1B3 is relatively a robust Gd‐EOB‐DTPA/ICG‐dependent multimodality reporter in visualizing dynamic processes for cell‐based therapies.
Elective labor induction vs expectant management of pregnant women at term and children's educational outcomes at 8 years of age
Authors: Yisma E. , Mol B. W. , Lynch J. W. , Mittinty M. N. , Smithers L. G. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the effect of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks' gestation on children's educational outcomes as measured using the Australian National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) tests in school year 3 (∼8 years of age), compared with expectant management.MethodsWe merged perinatal data on all infants born in South Australia from 1999 to 2008 with children's school assessment data from NAPLAN. The study population included all singleton infants born without a malformation at 39–42 weeks in vertex presentation. Children who had undertaken the NAPLAN test in school year 3 were included. We excluded births to women who had a contraindication to vaginal delivery and those with a condition possibly justifying elective delivery before 39 weeks. The outcome of interest was children's educational outcome as measured using NAPLAN, which includes five learning domains (reading, writing, spelling, grammar and numeracy). Each domain was categorized according to performance at or below vs above the national minimum standard (NMS). Average treatment effects (ATEs) of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks compared with expectant management on the proportion of children performing at/below the NMS for each domain were estimated using the augmented inverse‐propensity‐weighted estimator, accounting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 53 843 children born at 39–42 weeks in vertex presentation from 1999 to 2008 and who were expected to participate in the year‐3 NAPLAN from 2008 to 2015, a total of 31 120 had at least one year‐3 NAPLAN domain. Of these, 1353 children were delivered after elective induction of labor at 39 weeks while 29 767 children were born following expectant management. The ATEs (mean differences) of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks compared with expectant management on the proportion of children scoring at/below the NMS on each domain were 0.01 (95% CI, –0.02 to 0.03) for reading, 0.02 (95% CI, 0.00–0.04) for writing, 0.01 (95% CI, –0.01 to 0.04) for spelling, 0.02 (95% CI, –0.01 to 0.04) for grammar and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.00–0.05) for numeracy.ConclusionElective induction of labor at 39 weeks did not affect children's standardized literacy and numeracy testing outcomes at 8 years of age when compared with expectant management. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prediction of pre‐eclampsia‐related complications in women with suspected or confirmed pre‐eclampsia: development and internal validation of clinical prediction model
Authors: Saleh L. , Alblas M. M. , Nieboer D. , Neuman R. I. , Vergouwe Y. , Brussé I. A. , Duvekot J. J. , Steyerberg E. W. , Versendaal H. J. , Danser A. H. J. , Meiracker A. H. van den , Verdonk K. , Visser W. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveA model that can predict reliably the risk of pre‐eclampsia (PE)‐related pregnancy complications does not exist. The aim of this study was to develop and validate internally a clinical prediction model to predict the risk of a composite outcome of PE‐related maternal and fetal complications within 7, 14 and 30 days of testing in women with suspected or confirmed PE.MethodsThe data for this study were derived from a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study on women with a singleton pregnancy and suspected or confirmed PE at 20 to < 37 weeks' gestation. For the development of the prediction model, the possible contribution of clinical and standard laboratory variables, as well as the biomarkers soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), placental growth factor (PlGF) and their ratio, in the prediction of a composite outcome of PE‐related complications, consisting of maternal and fetal adverse events within 7, 14 and 30 days, was explored using multivariable competing‐risks regression analysis. The discriminative ability of the model was assessed using the concordance (c‐) statistic. A bootstrap validation procedure with 500 replications was used to correct the estimate of the prediction model performance for optimism and to compute a shrinkage factor for the regression coefficients to correct for overfitting.ResultsAmong 384 women with suspected or confirmed PE, 96 (25%) had an adverse PE‐related outcome at any time after hospital admission. Important predictors of adverse PE‐related outcome included sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio, gestational age at the time of biomarker measurement and protein‐to‐creatinine ratio as continuous variables. The c‐statistics (corrected for optimism) for developing a PE‐related complication within 7, 14 and 30 days were 0.89, 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. There was limited overfitting, as indicated by a shrinkage factor of 0.91.ConclusionsWe propose a simple clinical prediction model with good discriminative performance to predict PE‐related complications. Determination of its usefulness in clinical practice awaits further investigation and external validation. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Wirkungsvoller Elektronentransfer
Authors: Patera Laerte L. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEine neue Methode der Einzel‐Elektronen Wechselstrom Rastertunnelmikroskopie ermöglicht das Abbilden von Molekülorbitalen in unterschiedlichen Ladungszuständen von einzelnen, elektronisch isolierten Molekülen. Da damit auch Nicht‐Gleichgewichtszustände zugänglich werden, kann das Wechselspiel zwischen Elektronentransfer, struktureller Relaxation und Orbitalstruktur auf atomarem Maßstab untersucht werden.
Photokatalytische Reduktion von Stickoxiden
Authors: Ziemer Inga , Neumann Frank 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMit Hilfe von photokatalytisch aktiven Oberflächen werden Stickoxide in Ni trat umgewandelt. Um die Wirksamkeit der unterschiedlichen Oberflächen differenzieren zu können, wird im Labor die photokatalytische Depositionsgeschwindigkeit der einzelnen Materialien bestimmt. Daraus lassen sich dann erste Rückschlüsse über die Effektivität des photokatalytischen Abbaus ziehen. Für die Überprüfung, ob die vermessenen Materialien in der Realität erkennbare Stickoxidreduktionen erzielen, kann die Computersimulation verwendet werden. Durch die Ausbreitungsrechnung können durch die Verwendung von realen Daten Aussagen über die Reduktion von Stickoxiden ermöglicht werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Straßencanyon mit stark photokatalytisch aktiven Materialien ausgestattet. Im Jahresmittel ergaben sich Stickoxidreduktionen von 10–12 %, so dass die Photokatalyse in diesem Fall ein effektives Werkzeug darstellt, um die Konzentration an Stickoxiden zu senken.