bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐375 induces adipogenesis through targeting Erk1 in pancreatic duct cells under the influence of sodium palmitate
Authors: Gezginci‐Oktayoglu Selda , Sancar Serap , Karatug‐Kacar Ayse , Bolkent Sehnaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to research long‐term saturated fatty acid overexposure that can induce differentiation of pancreatic duct cells into adipocytes and also into β‐cells. The important findings can be summarized as follows: (i) adipogenesis and early stage β‐cell differentiation were stimulated in duct cells under lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity conditions, (ii) miR‐375 expression was upregulated while its target Erk1 was downregulated and miR‐375 inhibitor upregulated Erk1 while expression of adipogenesis markers was downregulated in duct cells under both conditions, (iii) apoptosis was induced in β and duct cells under both conditions, (iv) lipotoxicity induced proliferation of co‐cultured β‐cells. These findings suggest that long‐term saturated fatty acid overexposure may cause intrapancreatic fat accumulation by inducing differentiation of duct cells into adipocytes and it may contributes to β‐cell compensation by stimulating the early stage of β‐cell differentiation in duct cells. In addition, miR‐375 may have the potential to be a new target in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, and NAFPD due to its role in the adipogenesis of duct cells.
Adult neuronal regeneration in the telencephalon of the killifish Aphaniops hormuzensis
Authors: Soltani Amir Reza , Motamedi Mina , Teimori Azad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential of central nervous system regeneration was evaluated for the first time in the injured brain of the old world killifish Aphaniops hormuzensis. The histomorphological organization in the regeneration procedure was evaluated using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry technique. The histological tissue sections were sampled daily for 10 days. Based on the H&E staining, a large gliosis reaction was detected along with vacuolization and telencephalon deformation on 1‐day post‐lesion (dpl). The vacuolated zone declined fast and the telencephalon hemisphere recovered on 3 dpl. The symptoms of injured telencephalon nervous tissue were resolved within 7 dpl in both genders. In the BrdU test of the control group, BrdU‐labeled cells were observed in the ventricular zone (VZ), pallium (Pa), and lateral pallium (LPa). On 1 dpl, the BrdU+ cells accumulated in the VZ, Pa, and LPa (located near the injury area). From 3 dpl onwards, the BrdU+ cells were reduced in the telencephalic VZ, Pa, and LPa. Based on the BrdU+ results, the adult brain in A. hormuzensis possesses a remarkable capacity for neuronal regeneration. By taking into account the high neural regeneration potency of A. hormuzensis and its relatively short lifespan, it could be concluded that besides the currently known models, the members of aphaniid fishes could probably be valuable animals to study the regeneration phenomenon in the vertebrates.
Cost‐effectiveness of a 12 country‐intervention to scale up short course TB preventive therapy among people living with HIV
Authors: Shin Hyejeong , Jo Youngji , Chaisson Richard E , Turner Karin , Churchyard Gavin , Dowdy David W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn 2017, the Aurum Institute, with support from Unitaid, launched an initiative to expand short‐course therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 12 high‐burden countries. This study aimed to investigate the importance of “catalytic” effects beyond the original project timeframe when estimating cost‐effectiveness of such large investments.MethodsWe estimated the cost‐effectiveness of the IMPAACT4TB (I4TB) initiative from a health system perspective, using a 10‐year time horizon. We first conservatively estimated costs using a “top‐down” approach considering only the direct health benefits of providing TB preventive therapy to people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) through I4TB activities. We then re‐estimated the incremental cost‐effectiveness of I4TB incorporating the costs and health benefits of potential catalytic effects beyond the program itself.ResultsWe estimated that TB preventive therapy through the I4TB initiative alone would prevent 14 201 cases of active TB and 1562 TB deaths over 10 years with an up‐front investment of $52.5 million; the estimated incremental cost‐effectiveness was $1580 per disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) averted. If this initiative could achieve its desired catalytic effects, an additional 375 648 cases and 41 321 deaths could be averted, at an incremental cost of $546 million and cost‐effectiveness of $713 per DALY averted.ConclusionsOur findings provide donors with reasonable evidence of value for money to support investment in short‐course TB preventive therapy for people initiating ART in high‐burden settings. Our study also illustrates the importance of considering long‐term secondary (“catalytic”) effects when evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of large‐scale initiatives designed to change a global policy landscape.
Unexpected high frequency of unspecific reactivities by testing pre‐epidemic blood specimens from Europe and Africa with SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG–IgM antibody rapid tests points to IgM as the Achilles heel
Authors: Mboumba Bouassa Ralph‐Sydney , Péré Hélène , Tonen‐Wolyec Serge , Longo Jean De Dieu , Moussa Sandrine , Mbopi‐Keou Francois‐Xavier , Mossoro‐Kpinde Christian Diamant , Grésenguet Gérard , Veyer David , Bélec Laurent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the rates of false‐positive test results of three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM detection. Two serum panels from patients hospitalized in Paris, France, and from patients living in Bangui, Central African Republic, acquired before the 2019 COVID‐19 outbreak, were tested by 3 CE IVD‐labeled RDTs for SARS‐CoV‐2 serology (BIOSYNEX® COVID‐19 BSS [IgG/IgM]; SIENNA™ COVID‐19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette; NG‐Test® IgG–IgM COVID‐19). Detectable IgG or IgM reactivities could be observed in 31 (3.43%) of the 902 IgG and IgM bands of the 3 RDTs used with all pre‐epidemic sera. The frequencies of IgG/IgM reactivities were similar for European (3.20%) and African (3.55%) sera. IgM reactivities were observed in 9 European and 14 African sera, while IgG reactivity was observed in only 1 African serum (15.1% vs. 0.66%). The test NG‐Test® IgG–IgM COVID‐19 showed the highest rates of IgG or IgM reactivities (6.12% [18/294]), while the test BIOSYNEX® COVID‐19 BSS (IgG/IgM) showed the lowest rate (1.36% [4/294]). Some combinations of 2 RDTs in series allowed decreasing significantly the risk of false‐positive test results. Our observations point to the risk of false‐positive reactivities when using currently available RDT for SARS‐CoV‐2 serological screening, especially for the IgM band, even if the test is CE IVD‐labeled and approved by national health authorities, and provide the rational basis for confirmatory testing by another RDT in case of positive initial screening.
Identification of miRNAs associated with dendritic cell dysfunction during acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Singh Avishek Kumar , Rooge Sheetalnath Babasaheb , Varshney Aditi , Vasudevan Madavan , Kumar Manoj , Geffers Robert , Kumar Vijay , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe uptake or expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins by dendritic cells (DCs) is considered important for disease outcome. Differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) may have a role in viral persistence and hepatocellular injury. The miRNA expression was investigated by microarray in DCs from different stages of HBV infection and liver disease namely, immune active (IA; n = 20); low replicative (LR; n = 20); HBeAg negative (n = 20); acute viral hepatitis (AVH, n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). miRNA levels were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses and validated by quantitative polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA)regulatory networks identified 19 miRNAs and 12 target gene interactions in major histocompatibility complex and other immune pathways. miR‐2278, miR‐615‐3p, and miR‐3681‐3p were downregulated in the IA group compared to healthy control, miR‐152‐3p and miR‐3613‐3p in the LR group compared to IA group and miR‐152‐3p and miR‐503‐3p in HBe negative compared to LR group. However, miR‐7‐1‐1‐3p, miR‐192‐5p, miR‐195‐5p, and miR‐32‐5p in LR, miR‐342‐3p, and miR‐940 in HBe negative, and miR‐34a‐5p, miR‐130b‐3p, miR‐221‐3p, miR‐320a, miR‐324‐5p, and miR‐484 in AVH were upregulated. Further, qPCR confirmed changes in miRNA levels and their target genes associated with antigen processing and presentation. Thus, a deregulated network of miRNAs‐mRNAs in DCs seems responsible for an impaired immune response during HBV pathogenesis.
Comparing two sample pooling strategies for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection for efficient screening of COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Fenghua , Geng Zhi , Wang Jian , Liuchang Wenbo , Huang Da , Xu Yuandong , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emerging pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has affected over 200 countries and resulted in a shortage of diagnostic resources globally. Rapid diagnosis of COVID‐19 is vital to control the spreading of the disease, which, however, is challenged by limited detection capacity and low detection efficiency in many parts of the world. The pooling test may offer an economical and effective approach to increase the virus testing capacity of medical laboratories without requiring more laboratory resources such as laboratory workers, testing reagents, and equipment. In this study, the sample pools of 6 and 10 were detected by a real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay targeting ORF1ab and N genes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Each pool consisted of five or nine negative SARS‐CoV‐2 samples and one positive counterpart with varying viral loads. Two different strategies of sample pooling were investigated and the results were compared comprehensively. One approach was to pool the viral transport medium of the samples in the laboratory, and the other was to pool swab samples during the collection process. For swab pooling strategy, qualitative results of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA, specific tests of ORF1ab and N genes, remained stable over the different pool sizes. Together, this study demonstrates that the swab pooling strategy may serve as an effective and economical approach for screening SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in large populations, especially in countries and regions where medical resources are limited during the pandemic and may thus be potential for clinical laboratory applications.
Discharge may not be the end of treatment: Pay attention to pulmonary fibrosis caused by severe COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wu Zhao , Li Jia‐Wen , Tan Kangan , Yang Wanna , Zhao Hong , Wang Gui‐Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has rapidly swept the world. So far, more than 30 million people have been infected and nearly one million have died. Although the world is still in the stage of COVID‐19 pandemic, the treatment of new cases and critically ill patients is the focus of the current work. However, COVID‐19 patients lead to pulmonary fibrosis, such a serious threat to the prognosis of complications were also worthy of our attention. First of all, we proposed the possible mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, based on the published data of COVID‐19 ((i) Direct evidence: pulmonary fibrosis was found in autopsy and pulmonary puncture pathology. (ii) Indirect evidence: increased levels of fibrosis‐related cytokines[transforming growth factor [TGF]‐ β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐ α, interleukin [IL]‐6, etc] in peripheral blood of severe patients.) What is more, we summarized the role of three fibrosis‐related signaling pathways (TGF‐ β signal pathway, WNT signal pathway and YAP/TAZ signal pathway) in pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we suggested the therapeutic value of two drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in COVID‐19‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Cy3‐tilmanocept labeling of macrophages in joints of mice with antibody‐induced arthritis and synovium of human patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Toribio Ramiro E. , Young Nicholas , Schlesinger Larry S. , Cope Fred O. , Ralph David A. , Jarjour Wael , Rosol Thomas J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractγ‐Tilmanocept (99mTc‐tilmanocept) is a receptor‐directed, radiolabeled tracer that is FDA‐approved for guiding sentinel lymph node biopsy. Tilmanocept binds the C‐type lectin mannose receptor (MR, CD206) on macrophages. In this study, nonradioactive, fluorescently‐labeled Cy3‐tilmanocept was used to detect CD206+ mononuclear cells in the cartilage of mice with antibody‐induced arthritis and in the synovial fluid and tissue of human subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for comparison with osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy volunteer (HV) controls. Murine arthritis was induced by injection of monoclonal anti‐cartilage antibody followed by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Post‐arthritis development (7–11 days), the mice were injected intravenously with Cy3‐tilmanocept followed by in vivo and ex vivo epifluorescence imaging. Two‐photon imaging, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify articular and synovial macrophages (CD206, F4/80, and Cy3‐tilmanocept binding) in murine tissues. Cy3‐tilmanocept epifluorescence was present in arthritic knees and elbows of murine tissues; no radiographic changes were noted in the skeletons. However, inflammatory arthritic changes were apparent by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (F4/80), immunofluorescence (CD206) and Cy3‐tilmanocept binding. In human RA synovial fluid, Cy3‐tilmanocept staining correlated with CD206+/CD16+ cells; negligible labeling was observed in OA samples. Cy3‐tilmanocept colocalized with CD206 and staining was significantly higher in RA synovial tissue compared to OA or HV. Our results demonstrate that imaging with Cy3‐tilmanocept can detect in vivo inflammatory, CD206+ macrophages in an early arthritis animal model and in human RA patients. These data establish a novel tool for preclinical research of early arthritis and have implications for early RA detection and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in humans.
Clinical, radiographic, and patient‐centered outcomes after use of enamel matrix proteins for the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with aggressive periodontitis: A 12‐month multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Fileto Mazzonetto Ana Lívia , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Andere Naira Maria Rebelatto Bechara , Araújo Cássia Fernandes , Videira Clima da Silva Rafaela , Purisaca Javier Eduardo Vivanco , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Sallum Antonio Wilson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and patient‐centered results of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) therapy in intrabony defects in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients and compare them with those in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.MethodsSixty intrabony defects in AgP and CP patients associated with ≥ 6 mm residual probing pocket depth (PPD) were included and randomly assigned to one of three groups: AgP+CS (conservative surgery) (n = 20); AgP+CS/EMD (n = 20); CP+CS/EMD (n = 20). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Defect resolution (DR) and bone filling (BF) were used for radiographic analysis. The quality of life was recorded at baseline and 6 months using OHIP‐14 and VAS scale in the early post‐therapy period.ResultsPPD and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL) improved for all groups during follow‐up (P ≤ 0.05), and AgP+CS/EMD presented a higher rCAL gain (2.4 ± 1.0 mm) when compared to AgP control patients (1.6 ± 1.6 mm, P ≤ 0.05) after 12 months. No difference was observed between AgP+CS/EMD and CP+CS/EMD groups (P > 0.05). No radiographic differences were observed among groups at any time point (P > 0.05). All the groups reported a positive impact on OHIP‐14 total score, without differences among them.ConclusionsEMD therapy of intrabony defects promotes additional benefits in AgP patients, presenting a similar regeneration rate compared to CP patients, and has proven to be a viable therapy for the treatment of individuals with AgP.
Lattice dynamics and high‐pressure properties of K‐ionic conducting system KNbTeO6
Authors: Paraguassu Waldeci , Knyazev Alexander V. , Corrêa Gregório B. , Blokhina A.G. , Demidov D.N. , Ghosh Angsula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we report results of high‐pressure Raman scattering spectroscopy, on the ionic conducting system KNbTeO6, as well as lattice dynamics calculations for this compound. From lattice dynamics calculation, we were able to do a definite assignment of modes for this system taking into account the disorder caused by random K occupation and shared occupation of Nb and Te ions. On the basis of the theoretical results, we discuss the changes observed in the high‐pressure Raman spectra. We report a transformation occurring around 4.7 GPa, attributed it to a structural phase transition. The Raman spectra during the decompression process reveals that all changes undergone by the structure are reversible, and the Raman spectrum recovers its original signature.
Demonstration of protein capture and separation using three‐dimensional printed anion exchange monoliths fabricated in one‐step
Authors: Simon Ursula , Scorza Livia C T , Teworte Sarah , McCormick Alistair J , Dimartino Simone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional printing applications in separation science are currently limited by the lack of materials compatible with chromatographic operations and three‐dimensional printing technologies. In this work, we propose a new material for Digital Light Processing printing to fabricate functional ion exchange monoliths in a single step. Through copolymerization of the bifunctional monomer [2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride, monolithic structures with quaternary amine ligands were fabricated. The novel formulation was optimized in terms of protein binding and recovery, microporous structure, and its swelling susceptibility by increasing its cross‐link density and employing cyclohexanol and dodecanol as pore forming agents. In static conditions, the material demonstrated a maximum binding capacity of 104.2 ± 10.6 mg/mL for bovine serum albumin, in line with commercially available materials. Its anion exchange behavior was validated by separating bovine serum albumin and myoglobin on a monolithic bed with Schoen gyroid morphology. The same column geometry was tested for the purification of C‐phycocyanin from clarified as well as cell‐laden Arthrospira platensis feedstocks. This represents the first demonstration of one‐step printed stationary phases to capture proteins directly from solid‐laden feedstocks. We believe that the material presented here represents a significant improvement towards implementation of three‐dimensional printed chromatography media in the field of separation science.
Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Duzhong Jiangya tablet by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jingwei , Wang Miao , Wang Xue , Sun Lin , Zhao Chunjie , Zhao Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuzhong Jiangya tablet is a hypotensive drug. In this study, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance‐mass spectrometry technology was used to quickly identify its chemical composition. SinoChrom ODS‐BP column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)‐0.1% formic acid solution(B). The flow rate was 1 mL/min. Extracted ion chromatogram was used to analyze the samples in positive and negative ion modes. Based on the accurate mass spectrometry information (such as quasi‐molecular ions and fragment ions) obtained from the instrument, combined with reference compounds and literature, the chemical composition of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets was identified. A total of 131 compounds were identified, including four types of penylpropanoids, six types of phenylethanoid glycosides, 10 types of organic acids, 14 types of iridoids, 12 types of lignans, 18 types of alkaloids, seven types of coumarins, and 60 kinds of flavonoids. This established method can quickly and efficiently identify chemical constituents in Duzhong Jiangya tablet, lay a foundation for the research on the efficacy and quality of this traditional Chinese medicine, and provide a reference for the characterization of the chemical constituents of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications
Authors: Franchina Flavio A. , Zanella Delphine , Dubois Lena M. , Focant Jean‐François 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this review, we consider and discuss the affinity and complementarity between a generic sample preparation technique and the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography process. From the initial technical development focus (e.g., on the GC×GC and solid‐phase microextraction techniques), the trend is inevitably shifting toward more applied challenges, and therefore, the preparation of the sample should be carefully considered in any GC×GC separation for an overreaching research. We highlight recent biomedical, food, and plant applications (2016–July 2020), and specifically those in which the combination of tailored sample preparation methods and GC×GC–MS has proven to be beneficial in the challenging aspects of non‐targeted analysis. Specifically on the sample preparation, we report on gas‐phase, solid‐phase, and liquid‐phase extractions, and derivatization procedures that have been used to extract and prepare volatile and semi‐volatile metabolites for the successive GC×GC analysis. Moreover, we also present a milestone section reporting the early works that pioneered the combination of sample preparation techniques with GC×GC for non‐targeted analysis.
Transparency Change Mechanochromism Based on a Robust PDMS‐Hydrogel Bilayer Structure
Authors: Xu Yonghang , Zeng Songshan , Xian Weikang , Lin Limiao , Ding Hao , Liu Jingjing , Xiao Min , Wang Shuanjin , Li Ying , Meng Yuezhong , Sun Luyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are complementary to each other, since the hydrophobic PDMS provides a more stable and rigid substrate, while the water‐rich hydrogel possesses remarkable hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and similarity to biological tissues. Herein a transparent and stretchable covalently bonded PDMS‐hydrogel bilayer (PHB) structure is prepared via in situ free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and allylamine‐exfoliated‐ZrP (AA‐e‐ZrP) on a functionalized PDMS surface. The AA‐e‐ZrP serves as cross‐linking nano‐patches in the polymer gel network. The covalently bonded structure is constructed through the addition reaction of vinyl groups of PDMS surface and monomers, obtaining a strong interfacial adhesion between the PDMS and the hydrogel. A mechanical‐responsive wrinkle surface, which exhibs transparency change mechanochromism, is created via introducing a cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol film atop the PHB structure. A finite element model is implemented to simulate the wrinkle formation process. The implication of the present finding for the interfacial design of the PHB and PDMS‐hydrogel‐PVA trilayer (PHPT) structures is discussed.