bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A panel path analysis approach to the determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission: does testing matter for confirmed cases?
Authors: Goswami Gour Gobinda , Ali ARM Mehrab , Islam Sharose 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to examine the role of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test on transmission data globally to reveal the fact that the actual picture of transmission history cannot be exposed if the countries do not perform the test adequately.Design/methodology/approachUsing Our World in Data for 212 countries and areas and 162 time periods daily from December 31, 2019, to June 09, 2020, on an unbalanced panel framework, we have developed a panel-based path analysis model to explore the interdependence of various actors of COVID-19 cases of transmission across the globe. After controlling for per capita gross domestic product (GDP), age structure and government stringency, we explore the proposition that COVID-19 tests affect transmission positively. As an anecdote, we also explore the direct, indirect and total effects of different potential determinants of transmission cases worldwide and gather an idea about each factor's relative role in a structural equation framework.FindingsUsing the panel path model, we find that a 1 standard deviation change in the number of tests results in a 0.70 standard deviation change in total cases per million after controlling for several variables like per capita GDP, government stringency and age population (above 65).Research limitations/implicationsIt is not possible to get balanced data of COVID-19 for all the countries for all the periods. Similarly, the socioeconomic, political and demographic variables used in the model are not observed daily, and they are only available on an annual basis.Practical implicationsCountries which cannot afford to carry out more tests are also the countries where transmission rates are suppressed downward and negatively manipulated.Social implicationsCross country collaboration in terms of COVID-19 test instruments, vaccination and technology transfer are urgently required. This collaboration may be sought as an alternative to foreign development assistance.Originality/valueThis article provides an alternative approach to modeling COVID-19 transmission through the panel path model where the test is considered as an endogenous determinant of transmission, and the endogeneity has been channeled through per capita GDP, government stringency and age structure without using any regression-based modeling like pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects, two-stage least squares or generalized method of moments (GMM). Endogeneity has been handled without using any instruments.
Engaging Consumers in Medicaid Program Design: Strategies from the States
Authors: ZHU JANE M. , ROWLAND RUTH , GUNN ROSE , GOLLUST SARAH , GRANDE DAVID T. 
Published: December 2020

Policy PointsAs Medicaid programs grow in scale and complexity, greater consumer input may guide successful program design, but little is known about the extent to which state agencies are engaging consumers in the design and implementation of programs and policies.Through 50 semistructured interviews with Medicaid leaders in 14 states, we found significant variation in consumer engagement approaches, with many common facilitators, including leadership commitment, flexible strategies for recruiting and supporting consumer participation, and robust community partnerships. We provide early evidence on how state Medicaid agencies are integrating consumers’ experiences and perspectives into their program design and governance.ContextConsumer engagement early in the process of health care policymaking may improve the effectiveness of program planning and implementation, promote patient‐centric care, enhance beneficiary protections, and offer opportunities to improve service delivery. As Medicaid programs grow in scale and complexity, greater consumer input may guide successful program design, but little is known about the extent to which state agencies are currently engaging consumers in the design and implementation of programs and policies, and how this is being done.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 50 Medicaid program leaders across 14 states, employing a stratified purposive sampling method to select state Medicaid programs based on US census region, rurality, Medicaid enrollment size, total population, ACA expansion status, and Medicaid managed care penetration. Interview data were audio‐recorded, professionally transcribed, and underwent iterative coding with content and thematic analyses.FindingsFirst, we found variation in consumer engagement approaches, ranging from limited and largely symbolic interactions to longer‐term deliberative bodies, with some states tailoring their federally mandated standing committees to engage consumers. Second, most states were motivated by pragmatic considerations, such as identifying and overcoming implementation challenges for agency programs. Third, states reported several common facilitators of successful consumer engagement efforts, including leadership commitment, flexible strategies for recruiting and supporting consumers’ participation, and robust community partnerships. All states faced barriers to authentic and sustained engagement.ConclusionsSharing best practices across states could help strengthen programs’ engagement efforts, identify opportunities for program improvement reflecting community needs, and increase participation among a population that has traditionally lacked a political voice.
Threshold for optimal administration of plerixafor in autologous peripheral blood stem cell collections through CD34+ cell monitoring based on the experience from two Japanese university hospitals
Authors: Okubo Mitsuo , Furuta Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yuki , Osawa Toshiya , Tada Naoki , Sawada Tomohiro , Yamatoya Kenji , Sekiguchi Yasunobu , Araki Yoshihiko , Miyake Kazunori , Noguchi Masaaki , Komatsu Norio , Ohsaka Akimichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlerixafor was introduced to Japan in 2017 as a stem cell mobilization enhancement reagent, but the threshold for its use remains unclear. In this study, we assessed 57 patients treated with plerixafor (33 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 24 with malignant lymphoma (ML) and 152 patients without plerixafor administration. When CD34+ cell pre‐counts were between 5.5 and 20 cells/μL in MM or 6 and 21 cells/μL in ML, the CD34+ cell count increased significantly, attaining the highest yield in response to plerixafor (achievement rate by one leukapheresis is 93.3% and 91.7% in MM and ML, at P < .001 and P = .012, respectively). In case the CD34+ cell pre‐count was less than 5.5 cells/μL, an increase of at least 7 cells/μL from baseline by plerixafor was the necessary condition to achieve successful collection through a two‐time leukapheresis. Monitoring CD34+ cell numbers might improve the collection efficiency and reduce the cost.
Placement of self‐expanding metallic tracheobronchial Y stent with laryngeal mask airway using conscious sedation under fluoroscopic guidance
Authors: Pertzov Barak , Gershman Evgeni , Izhakian Shimon , Amor Shai M. , Rosengarten Dror , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral airway obstruction and fistula are treated with a tracheobronchial Y stent. In the currently used self‐expandable metal Y stents, the delivery system is 8 mm in diameter and requires either a 9 mm tracheal tube or rigid bronchoscope to enable airway control during insertion. In this study we present a novel technique of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) assisted Y stent insertion, enabling airway control during deployment of the Y stent.MethodsAll procedures using LMA in assisting Y stent insertions between 2014–2020 were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, clinical diagnosis and disease characteristics, indication, procedural success rates, clinical outcome and survival.ResultsA total of 10 patients with a median age of 61.5 years (range 37–73) underwent LMA assisted Y stent insertion. Indications for stent insertion were malignant disease with central airway obstruction or fistula. In all cases airway patency was achieved leading to improvement of symptoms and performance status. No procedural complications were reported. The median survival was 4.5 weeks (range: 2–26).ConclusionsLMA assisted Y stent insertion enables airway control during the procedure. In comparison to silicone Y stent insertion, the procedure is less cumbersome, shorter in duration and does not require the use of general anesthesia or rigid bronchoscopy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyLMA assisted Y stent insertion enables airway control during the implantation of metallic self‐expanding Y stent. The procedure does not require the use of general anesthesia or rigid bronchoscopy.What this study addsIn this study we present the technique and outcomes of LMA assisted Y stent insertion. This method of Y stent insertion provides an additional treatment option for patients with central airway obstruction and fistula.
Displayed enthusiasm attracts attention and improves recall
Authors: Moè Angelica , Frenzel Anne C. , Au Lik , Taxer Jamie L. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundInstructor enthusiasm has been shown to enhance a range of positive student outcomes including recall, but the underlying mechanisms for the favourable effects of teacher enthusiasm are still largely unknown.AimsWe hypothesized that attention paid to the instructor is one mechanism and that the positive effects of enthusiasm will disappear when attention is captured by another task.SamplesIn a series of three studies, we involved fourth and fifth graders in listening to texts read aloud with high or low levels of displayed enthusiasm.MethodsIn Study 1, we obtained self‐reported and observed behavioural indicators of attention while students were read texts with high versus low enthusiasm. In Study 2, we additionally manipulated attention by comparing a group who performed a concurrent attentional task while listening to the texts read with high or low enthusiasm to a group who only listened to the texts. In Study 3, we compared the attention‐catching concurrent task used in Study 2 to a non‐attention‐catching dual task.Results and ConclusionsOur results confirm that displayed enthusiasm captures attention and that attention partially explains the positive effect of displayed enthusiasm on recall.
Conversion of left atrial volume to diameter for automated estimation of sudden cardiac death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bhopalwala Huzefa , Dewaswala Nakeya , Liu Sijia , Scott Christopher G. , Welper James M. , Akinnusotu Oluwatoyin , Bos Johan Martijn , Ommen Steve R. , Ackerman Michael J. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Geske Jeffrey B. , Noseworthy Peter , Arruda‐Olson Adelaide M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA subset of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Practice guidelines endorse use of a risk calculator, which requires entry of left atrial (LA) diameter. However, American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines recommend the use of LA volume index (LAVI) for routine quantification of LA size. The aims of this study were to (a) develop a model to estimate LA diameter from LAVI and (b) evaluate whether substitution of measured LA diameter by estimated LA diameter derived from LAVI reclassifies HCM‐SCD risk.MethodsThe study cohort was comprised of 500 randomly selected HCM patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). LA diameter and LAVI were measured offline using digital clips from TTE. Linear regression models were developed to estimate LA diameter from LAVI. A European Society of Cardiology endorsed equation estimated SCD risk, which was measured using LA diameter and estimated LA diameter derived from LAVI.ResultsThe mean LAVI was 48.5 ± 18.8 mL/m2. The derived LA diameter was 45.1 mm (SD: 5.5 mm), similar to the measured LA diameter (45.1 mm, SD: 7.1 mm). Median SCD risk at 5 years estimated by measured LA diameter was 2.22% (interquartile range (IQR): 1.39, 3.56), while median risk calculated by estimated LA diameter was 2.18% (IQR: 1.44, 3.52). 476/500 (95%) patients maintained the same risk classification regardless of whether the measured or estimated LA diameter was used.ConclusionsSubstitution of measured LA diameter by estimated LA diameter in the HCM‐SCD calculator did not reclassify risk.
The ‘classic stromatolite’ Cryptozoön is a keratose sponge‐microbial consortium
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Hyun , Riding Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnimal evolution transformed microbial mat development. Canonically inferred negative effects include grazing, disturbance and competition for space. In contrast, ancient examples of cooperation between microbial mats and invertebrates have rarely been reported. Late Cambrian (~485 million years) Cryptozoön is widely regarded as the first stromatolite to have received a taxonomic name and has been compared with present‐day examples at Shark Bay, Australia. Here, we show that Cryptozoön is an interlayered consortium of keratose (‘horny’) sponge and microbial carbonate in roughly equal proportions. Cryptozoön's well‐defined layering reflects repeated alternation of sponge and microbial mat. Its distinctive lateral growth is due to the ability of keratosans to colonize steep and overhanging surfaces. Contrary to the perception of Phanerozoic stromatolites as anachronistic survivors in a eukaryotic world, Cryptozoön suggests mutualistic behaviour in which sponges and microbial mats cooperated to gain support, stability and relief, while sharing substrates, bacteria and metabolites. Keratosan‐microbial consortia may have been mistaken for stromatolites throughout the record of the past 500 million years, and possibly longer.
Provider perceptions of hypertension care in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Spies Lori A. , Lan Anh Mai Thi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimGlobally, the rapid increase of hypertension is particularly prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor for stroke and ischaemic heart disease, the leading cause of mortality in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the provision of hypertension care in Vietnam by exploring provider perceptions.MethodsA sequential exploratory mixed‐method design was selected to allow for the initial qualitative interview findings to be incorporated into the development of the hypertension education workshop. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 15 Vietnamese clinicians involved in the care of patients with hypertension.ResultsAnxiety related to diagnosis of hypertension and specifically fear of having a stroke was mentioned by half of the participants. Several themes also emerged regarding barriers to implementing lifestyle modification to improve patient hypertension outcomes. There were contradictory opinions on the nurse's role in providing patient education across clinical settings. A lack of systematic structure and evidence‐based teaching resources was also noted.ConclusionsGaining the provider's perspective increases understanding of the regional culture and context of hypertension care. The increased understanding can be used to improve provider education and enhance hypertension population outcomes.
The CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferases function as plant‐specific MEDIATOR subunits in Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Jing , Wei Long , Chen Shan‐Shan , Cai Xue‐Wei , Su Yin‐Na , Li Lin , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotes, MEDIATOR is a conserved multi‐subunit complex that links transcription factors and RNA polymerase II and that thereby facilitates transcriptional initiation. Although the composition of MEDIATOR has been well studied in yeast and mammals, relatively little is known about the composition of MEDIATOR in plants. By affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry, we identified 28 conserved MEDIATOR subunits in Arabidopsis thaliana, including putative MEDIATOR subunits that were not previously validated. Our results indicated that MED34, MED35, MED36, and MED37 are not Arabidopsis MEDIATOR subunits, as previously proposed. Our results also revealed that two homologous CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferases, HAC1 and HAC5 (HAC1/5) are in fact plant‐specific MEDIATOR subunits. The MEDIATOR subunits MED8 and MED25 (MED8/25) are partially responsible for the association of MEDIATOR with HAC1/5, MED8/25 and HAC1/5 co‐regulate gene expression and thereby affect flowering time and floral development. Our in vitro observations indicated that MED8 and HAC1 form liquid‐like droplets by phase separation, and our in vivo observations indicated that these droplets co‐localize in the nuclear bodies at a subset of nuclei. The formation of liquid‐like droplets is required for MED8 to interact with RNA polymerase II. In summary, we have identified all of the components of Arabidopsis MEDIATOR and revealed the mechanism underlying the link of histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation.
Integrating Mental Health into Maternal Health Care in Rural Mali: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lasater Molly E. , Murray Sarah M. , Keita Mariam , Souko Fatoumata , Surkan Pamela J. , Warren Nicole E. , Winch Peter J. , Ba Aissata , Doumbia Seydou , Bass Judith K. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCommon perinatal mental disorders are prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The gap between the need for and availability of mental health services, also known as the mental health treatment gap, is particularly acute for women during the perinatal period in rural Mali. This qualitative study aimed to identify a feasible and acceptable integrated care approach for the provision of maternal mental health care in rural Mali to help narrow the treatment gap and increase access to care.MethodsFrom April to June 2016, qualitative data were collected in the Sélingué health district and Bamako, Mali. In‐depth interviews were conducted among women, community health workers, midwives, and mental health specialists. Focus group participants included community health workers, midwives, and an obstetric nurse. All data were inductively coded and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWomen described several coping strategies to manage their distress, including visiting their parents; confiding in a friend, relative, or community health worker; and participating in women's association groups. Mental health‐related stigma was described as being widespread in the community and among health providers. In response to the lack of mental health services, midwives and community health workers supported the feasibility and acceptability of the integration of mental health services into maternal health services. Midwives were discussed as being key providers to conduct mental health screenings and provide initial psychosocial care for women.DiscussionIntegrated maternal and mental health interventions are needed to narrow the gap between the need for and availability of mental health services in rural Mali. Findings from this study underscore the great need for mental health services for women in the perinatal period who reside in rural Mali and that it is both feasible and acceptable to integrate mental health screening and low‐level psychosocial care into antenatal care, delivered by midwives.
Effect of family nursing therapeutic conversations on patients with heart failure and their family members: Secondary outcomes of a randomised multicentre trial
Authors: Østergaard Birte , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Shamali Mahdi , Nørgaard Birgitte , Jeune Bernard , Pedersen Karen Steenvinkel , Lauridsen Jørgen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study evaluates the short‐term (3 months), medium‐term (6 months) and long‐term (12 months) effect of family nursing therapeutic conversations added to conventional care versus conventional care on social support, family health and family functioning in outpatients with heart failure and their family members.BackgroundIt has been emphasised that increased social support from nurses is an important resource to strengthen family health and family functioning and thus improve the psychological well‐being of patients with heart failure and their close family members.DesignA randomised multicentre trial.MethodsA randomised multicentre trial adhering to the CONSORT checklist was performed in three Danish heart failure clinics. Consecutive patients (n = 468) with family members (n = 322) were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Participants were asked to fill out family functioning, family health and social support questionnaires. Data were measured ahead of first consultation and again after 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsSocial support scores increased statistically significant both at short‐term (p = 0.002) medium‐term (p = 0.008) and long‐term (p = 0.018) among patients and their family members (p = <0.001; 0.007 and 0.014 respectively) in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Both patients and their family members reported increased reinforcement, feedback, decision‐making capability and collaboration with the nurse. No significant differences between the intervention and control groups were seen in the family health and family functioning scales among patients and family members.ConclusionsFamily nursing therapeutic conversations were superior to conventional care in providing social support from nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceFamily nursing therapeutic conversations are suitable to improve the support from nurses among families living with heart failure.
Demarginalizing women of color in intersectionality scholarship in psychology: A Black feminist critique
Authors: Cole Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPsychology's disciplinary interests and methodological norms lead psychologists to look for intersectionality at the level of individuals and variables, with an attendant focus on identities rather than social structures of inequality. Accordingly, many social science approaches reframe intersectionality as a tool to understand complexity, rather than oppression and liberation. At the same time, social science scholars deploying intersectionality frameworks have moved the focus of the analytic framework away from the particular subject position and social location of Black women and the vulnerabilities they face. In these ways, even at a moment when intersectionality is exceedingly visible in social science, including psychology, women of color are not visible in that success. These trends represent not only an injustice but also a threat to the radical potential of intersectionality to transform scholarship and practice. This article aims to recenter women of color in this special issue by discussing what the collected papers can tell us about the lives of women of color, their status as creators of knowledge, and useful approaches for deploying intersectionality frameworks within psychology.