bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of CeAl11O18 in reinforcing Al2O3/Ti composites by adding CeO2
Authors: Shi Shengfang , Cho Sunghun , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work discusses the reinforcement effect of elongated CeAl11O18 phase on multifunctional Al2O3/Ti composites by adding CeO2 to inhibit interfacial reaction and strengthen interface for inducing optimized performances. For this purpose, Al2O3/Ti composite with different contents of CeO2 was fabricated and the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties were studied. Results indicated that after CeO2 was added, elongated CeAl11O18 phase was formed within these composites. Owing to inhibited interfacial reaction between Al2O3 and Ti, Ti content was increased and compositions of composites were calculated using Rietveld method based on X‐ray diffraction patterns. Attributed to the strengthening and toughening effects of CeAl11O18 phase, 2 mol% CeO2 added composite showed the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness of 576 MPa and 5.15 MPa·m1/2, which increased by 21% and 20% compared to Al2O3/Ti composite without CeO2 addition. In this case, crack bridging by both Ti and CeAl11O18 particles was the major toughening mechanism and the additional fracture toughness caused by CeAl11O18 toughening effect reached a maximum. The role (crack bridging or particle pull‐out mechanism) of CeAl11O18 in toughening Al2O3/Ti composites depended on the aspect ratio of these elongated particles, which was directly related to CeO2 content. Because of the inhibition of interfacial reaction and the increase in Ti content, excellent electrical resistivity of composites after CeO2 addition was maintained in spite of the formation of insulated CeAl11O18 phase. All samples showed relatively low electrical resistivity of ~10−3 Ωcm.
Effect of storage period on provitamin‐A carotenoids retention in biofortified maize hybrids
Authors: Dutta Suman , Muthusamy Vignesh , Hossain Firoz , Baveja Aanchal , Abhijith Krishnan P. , Saha Supradip , Zunjare Rajkumar U. , Yadava Devendra K. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryVitamin A‐rich maize hybrids provide sustainable solutions to malnutrition. However, significant loss of carotenoids during storage reduces its efficacy. Grains of nine sub‐tropically adapted crtRB1‐based biofortified hybrids along with six normal hybrids were stored under conventional storage for five months. PVAC (β‐carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin) among crtRB1‐based hybrids degraded from initial level of 18.77 to 3.24 µg g−1, while NPVAC (lutein and zeaxanthin) reduced to 10.79 µg g−1 from 19.00 µg g−1 during storage. Among PVAC, β‐cryptoxanthin (21.8%) possessed more stability than β‐carotene (16.4%). For NPVAC, lutein (61.2%) showed the highest retention than zeaxanthin (50.4%). Majority of the PVAC loss occurred within first three months of storage. Retention for PVAC among crtRB1‐based hybrids varied from 14% to 23% indicating the role of favourable genetic factors. APQH1, APQH7 and APH2 were the promising hybrids with higher retention (>20%) of PVAC. This is the first report on identification of provitamin A‐rich crtRB1‐based biofortified maize hybrids with higher retention during sub‐tropical storage.
Development of a food product profile for boiled and steamed sweetpotato in Uganda for effective breeding
Authors: Mwanga Robert O. M. , Mayanja Sarah , Swanckaert Jolien , Nakitto Mariam , zum Felde Thomas , Grüneberg Wolfgang , Mudege Netsayi , Moyo Mukani , Banda Linly , Tinyiro Samuel Edgar , Kisakye Sarah , Bamwirire David , Anena Beatrice , Bouniol Alexandre , Magala Damalie Babirye , Yada Benard , Carey Edward , Andrade Maria , Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. , Forsythe Lora , Fliedel Geneviève , Muzhingi Tawanda 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study sought to understand user preferences of raw, boiled and steamed sweetpotato, a staple food in Uganda. A sequential methodology involving state of knowledge review, gendered food mapping, processing diagnosis and consumer testing was used in Lira and Kamwenge districts. Preferred raw sweetpotato characteristics were large roots (≥ 3 cm diameter) with a sweet taste, smooth skin and hard texture, while mealiness, sweet taste and good sweetpotato smell were important attributes for boiled sweetpotato. Processors, mostly women, highlighted ease of peeling and sappiness of raw roots. There were gender differences in quality characteristic preferences and perceived importance. The released variety, NASPOT 8, had the highest overall liking in Kamwenge and was well liked in Lira. Penalty analysis of consumer data showed that sweetness and firmness were key drivers of overall liking. The results will support breeding programmes in meeting specific end‐user product profiles, selection criteria and uptake of new varieties.
Antioxidant activity and stability of α‐tocopherol, resveratrol and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in mixture and complexation with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Dong Huanhuan , Yin Xin , Wusigale  , Cheng Hao , Choijilsuren Narangerel , Chen Xing , Liang Li 
Published: September 2020

SummaryLigand‐binding proteins were proposed as ideal carriers for the co‐encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Multiple compounds co‐encapsulated in food formulation may give rise to different effects on bioactivity and stability. The protein effect on the interplay between bioactive compounds was investigated for selecting suitable co‐encapsulation strategy. α‐Tocopherol, resveratrol and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), as model compounds, interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form tri‐ligand complexes when added in the sequence. For ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, the mixtures of α‐tocopherol and resveratrol,α‐tocopherol and EGCG, resveratrol and EGCG were respectively additive, antagonistic and synergistic, while their ternary mixture were antagonistic. For ABTS+ scavenging capacity, all pairs were antagonistic. BSA improved FRAP of α‐tocopherol, resveratrol and EGCG mixture but decreased their ABTS inhibition. Although structural stability and antioxidant activity of resveratrol decreased when alone interacted with BSA, they were improved when α‐tocopherol and EGCG were co‐presented. Mixing the antioxidants improved their stability and the complexation with BSA can further stabilise them. BSA could thus be a suitable carrier for co‐encapsulation/protection of α‐tocopherol, resveratrol and EGCG in functional foods.
Characterisation, storage viabilit, and application of microspheres with Lactobacillus paracasei obtained by the extrusion technique
Authors: Castro‐Rosas Javier , Gómez‐Aldapa Carlos Alberto , Chávez‐Urbiola Edgar Arturo , Hernández‐Bautista Monserrat , Rodríguez‐Marín María Luisa , Cabrera‐Canales Zaira Esmeralda , Falfán‐Cortés Reyna Nallely 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH, bile salts and different storage conditions at two different temperatures (30 and 4 °C) on the viability of free and microencapsulated Lactobacillus paracasei. Microspheres encapsulating L. paracasei were obtained using an extrusion method. The efficiency was 87.6%, the diameter 70 µm and the zeta potential 7.22 ± 0.05 mV. Encapsulated L. paracasei showed higher resistance to stomach pH and bile salts compared to free cells. Microspheres were evaluated under four different storage conditions: fresh, suspended in a solution with a pH of 4, suspended in saline solution and lyophilised. The lyophilised microspheres presented the highest stability with 89.2% survival rate after six weeks of storage; however, free bacteria in saline solution (0.145 N) presented a 65.3% survival rate. Finally, a new product (a strawberry ice popsicle) with possible functional characteristics was obtained using microencapsulated L. paracasei.
How protestant work ethic impacts employees' counterproductive work behaviors: The moderating effects of gender and party affiliation
Authors: Zhang Suchuan , Chen Lixin , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between the four dimensions of the protestant work ethic (internal locus of control, asceticism, hard work, anti‐leisure) and organizational counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Based on a sample of Chinese employees, the results from two‐wave lagged data (N = 691) indicated that the asceticism dimension and the anti‐leisure dimension were negatively associated with CWBs. These associations were moderated by party affiliation, indicating that party members had a stronger negative relationship between these constructs than non‐party members did.
Failure to Protect: How Tracking Refugees into Temporary Work Violates Economic Rights
Authors: Warren Kamryn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRefugees often imagine resettlement to the USA to be a solution to their problems, but the process of resettlement is full of social, cultural and economic hurdles. Through an ethnographic analysis of a resettlement agency, this research shows that refugee employment specialists consistently track refugees into low‐wage and contingent work even when refugees have strong language skills, experience in professional work, and advanced degrees. Bureaucratic reporting structures and quota requirements create pressures on refugee employment specialists to place refugees in jobs quickly which hinders them from working towards meaningful economic self‐sufficiency. The denial of refugee autonomy in pursuit of work and economic freedoms is a human rights violation facilitated by a government failure to protect them from third‐party exploitation. This article argues that the chronic underemployment of refugees exemplifies a common, but understudied type of economic rights violation.
In situ doping of BaTiO3 and visualization of pressure solution in flux‐assisted cold sintering
Authors: Sada Takao , Fan Zhongming , Ndayishimiye Arnaud , Tsuji Kosuke , Bang Sun Hwi , Fujioka Yoshihiro , Randall Clive A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCold sintering process (CSP) has attracted great interest due to its extremely low processing temperatures, fast processing times, and simplicity to allow for the densification of ceramics and composites. Understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying low temperature densification is crucial to develop advanced materials and facilitate sustainable and cost‐effective industrial implementation to come. Here, by taking BaTiO3 powder and Sr(OH)2·8H2O transient chemical flux as a model system, chemical transformation at solid/flux interfaces driving the dissolution‐precipitation creep mechanism were investigated. We demonstrate that Sr(OH)2·8H2O acts both as a sintering flux and a solid solution doping additive, resulting in the formation of BaTiO3 ‐ Ba1‐xSrxTiO3 with lower Curie temperatures. Using strontium (Sr) as a tracer chemistry, transmission electron microscopy chemical mapping with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis indicates that there is a precipitation of a Ba1‐xSrxTiO3 mainly at grain/grain interfaces, while grain cores remain undoped. In addition, the difference in the interfacial Sr concentration, which is influenced by the applied uniaxial pressure direction, was clearly observed. This successful visualization of compositional distribution after CSP underlines the significant role of the pressure solution creep in densification process.
Maternal effect on body measurement and meat production traits in purebred Duroc pigs
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Yazaki Natsumi , Ohnishi Chika , Ishii Kazuo , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated maternal effect on nine body measurement traits (body height, body length, front width (FW), chest width (CW), hind width (HW), chest depth, chest girth (CHG), front cannon circumference (FCC) and rear cannon circumference (RCC)) measured at the end of performance testing and five meat production traits (ages at the start and end of performance testing (D30 and D105), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness and loin muscle area) in purebred Duroc pigs. Genetic parameters for each trait were estimated by using six single‐trait models with and without common litter environmental effect, maternal genetic effect and direct‐maternal genetic correlation. The value of Akaike's information criterion was lowest with the model including direct additive genetic and common litter environmental effects for 10 traits. The estimated proportion of common litter environmental variance to phenotypic variance was approximately ≥0.1 for D30, D105, ADG, FW, CW, HW, CHG, FCC and RCC. Using a model without common litter environmental effect would overestimate the direct heritability of most traits. Standard errors of estimated genetic parameters tended to be larger in models including maternal genetic effect. The results indicate that a compromise could be made for accurate genetic parameter estimation for body measurement traits, as well as meat production traits, in pigs by considering common litter environmental effect.
Dominance of endemics in the reef fish assemblages of the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Friedlander Alan M. , Donovan Mary K. , DeMartini Edward E. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimSpecies ranges provide a valuable foundation for resolving biogeographical regions, evolutionary processes and extinction risks. To inform conservation priorities, here we develop the first bioregionalization based on reef fish abundance of the Hawaiian Archipelago, which spans nearly 10° of latitude across 2,400 km, including 8 high volcanic islands in the populated main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), and 10 low islands (atolls, shoals and islets) in the remote northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI).LocationThe Hawaiian Archipelago.TaxonFishes (276 taxa).MethodsWe compiled 5,316 visual fish surveys at depths of 1–30 m from throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geographical range (km2) for each species was measured as extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occurrence (AOO). PERMANOVA and PCO were used to investigate drivers of fish assemblage structure. Distance‐based multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictor variables including latitude, reef area, temperature, chlorophyll‐a, wave energy and human population density.ResultsDistinct fish assemblages exist in the MHI and NWHI, with two additional faunal breaks driven primarily by endemic species abundance. Latitude explained 37% of the variability in fish assemblages, with reef area accounting for an additional 9%. EOO showed a significant correlation with latitude. Endemics comprised 52%–55% of the numerical abundance at the northern end of the archipelago but only 17% on Hawai‘i Island in the extreme south. Maximum size and activity regime (day vs. night) explained the most variation in the abundance of endemics.Main conclusionsThe Hawaiian fish assemblages are strongly influenced by endemic species, affirming the archipelago as a biodiversity hotspot of high conservation value. The higher abundance of endemics in the NWHI may represent preadaptation to oceanic (oligotrophic) conditions. Resolution of distinct bioregions across the archipelago provides a better understanding of reef fish macroecology, with implications for management at the archipelago scale.
Comparison among research, home, and office blood pressure measurements for pregnant women: The TMM BirThree Cohort Study
Authors: Usuzaki Takuma , Ishikuro Mami , Metoki Hirohito , Murakami Keiko , Noda Aoi , Ueno Fumihiko , Kikuya Masahiro , Obara Taku , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) measurements of pregnant women have been collected in offices and at home for previous research. However, it remains uncertain whether there is difference between research BP, defined as BP measured for the purpose of epidemiological research and BP measured at home or in an office. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare research BP with home and unstandardized office BP. Research, home, and office BP were measured among pregnant women who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three‐Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study). Research BP was measured twice at our research center while the participant was seated and after resting for 1‐2 minutes. Research, home, and office BP were compared and agreement among the values was assessed. Differences among research, home, and office BP values and possible factors affecting differences were analyzed. Among 656 pregnant women, the mean (± standard deviations) research systolic (S), diastolic (D) BP, home SBP, home DBP office SBP, and office DBP were 103.8 ± 8.5, 61.8 ± 7.3, 104.4 ± 9.2, 61.2 ± 6.8, 110.5 ± 10.8, and 63.8 ± 8.7mmHg, respectively. Research SBP value was lower than home value (P = .0072; difference between mean research and home BP: −0.61 ± 7.8 mmHg). Research SBP and DBP values were lower than office values (P < .0001 for both SBP and DBP; means ± standard deviations of differences between research and office BP: 6.7 ± 10.1 and 2.0 ± 8.5 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively). In conclusion, when research BP is measured under conditions controlled, research BP can give close values to home BP for pregnant women.
Differences in monocyte subsets are associated with short‐term survival in patients with septic shock
Authors: Hortová‐Kohoutková Marcela , Lázničková Petra , Bendíčková Kamila , De Zuani Marco , Andrejčinová Ivana , Tomášková Veronika , Suk Pavel , Šrámek Vladimír , Helán Martin , Frič Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSepsis is characterized by dynamic changes of the immune system resulting in deregulated inflammation and failure of homoeostasis and can escalate to septic shock. Circulating monocytes and other innate immune cells are among the first ones to recognize and clear pathogens. Monocytes have an important role in sepsis and septic shock and have been studied as potential diagnostic markers. In total, forty‐two patients with septic shock were recruited and blood samples obtained within first 12 hours of ICU admission. We showed that frequency of classical and intermediate monocytes assessed at the time of admission to the intensive care unit are significantly distinct in patients with septic shock who survived longer that five days from those who died. These parameters correlate significantly with differences in serum levels of inflammatory cytokines MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐18, and with the proportion of helper and cytotoxic T cells. The described changes in frequency of monocyte subsets and their activation status may predict short‐term septic shock survival and help with fast identification of the group of vulnerable patients, who may profit from tailored therapy.
Short‐term homeostatic regulation of blood/interstitial fluid Ca2+ concentration by the scales of anadromous sea trout Salmo trutta L. during smoltification and migration
Authors: Jamieson Leanna , Waters Angel , Ho Kaitlyn E. , Chan Harvey Y. S. , Hung Jacky T. , Webb Sarah E. , Chan Ching Man , Shipley Alan M. , Williamson John G. , Beer Jon , Angus Chevonne , Miller Andrew L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe elasmoid scales of anadromous sea trout Salmo trutta L. represent a significant internal reservoir of Ca2+. Although more is known about long‐term remodelling of scales in response to calciotropic challenges encountered during smoltification and migration, very little is known about the contribution made by scales to the short‐term, minute‐to‐minute regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the extracellular fluid (ECF) during these phases of the life cycle. This gap in the knowledge is partly due to the technical challenges involved in measuring small Ca2+ fluxes around the scales of live fish in real time. Here, this study describes exfoliating, mounting and culturing scales and their resident cells from parr, smolt and adult sea trout from a freshwater environment, as well as from adult sea trout caught in sea or brackish water. All the scales were then examined using an extracellular, non‐invasive, surface‐scanning Ca2+‐sensitive microelectrode. The authors quantified the Ca2+ fluxes, in the absence of any systemic or local regulators, into and out of scales on both the episquamal and hyposquamal sides under different extracellular calcemic challenges set to mimic a variety of ECF‐Ca2+ concentrations. Scales from the life‐cycle stages as well as from adult fish taken from sea, brackish or fresh water all showed a consistent efflux or influx of Ca2+ under hypo‐ or hypercalcemic conditions, respectively. What were considered to be isocalcemic conditions resulted in minimal flux of Ca2+ in either direction, or in the case of adult scales, a consistent but small influx. Indeed, adult scales appeared to display the largest flux densities in either direction. These new data extend the current understanding of the role played by fish scales in the short‐term, minute‐to‐minute homeostatic regulation of ECF‐Ca2+ concentration, and are similar to those recently reported from zebrafish Danio rerio scales. This suggests that this short‐term regulatory response might be a common feature of teleost scales.
Discovering the antibacterial mode of action of 3‐p‐trans‐coumaroyl‐2‐hydroxyquinic acid, a natural phenolic compound, against Staphylococcus aureus through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Yue Yuxi , Wu Yanping , Zhong Kai , Bu Qian , Gao Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA plant‐derived phenolic compound, namely 3‐p‐trans‐coumaroyl‐2‐hydroxyquinic acid (CHQA), has recently been reported to exhibit antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of CHQA against S. aureus. The results showed that subinhibitory concentration of CHQA induced wide and significant changes in S. aureus at both transcriptional and translational levels with 935 differentially expressed genes and 438 differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the changed genes and proteins were mainly involved in cell membrane, ribosome and translation, DNA repair, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, peptidoglycan synthesis, and bacterial infection. Moreover, downregulation of various surface proteins associated with cell adhesion was observed, which probably further inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus. These results revealed that CHQA exerted antibacterial activity through multifarious mechanisms, which especially targeted bacterial cell membrane and then triggered diverse cellular dysfunctions.