bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of Evidence‐Based School Asthma Management Programs: Piloting Asthma 411 in an Urban Texas School District
Authors: Allsopp Leslie , Sterling David A. , Spence Emily , Aryal Subhash 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe dissemination and implementation (D&I) of evidence‐based initiative (EBIs) is critical to improved public health. The Asthma 411 EBI was piloted in Texas from 2013 to 2015. The pilot's evaluation assessed its effectiveness and identified approaches to support D&I of school‐health EBIs.METHODSThe pilot study was conducted in two schools; service categories included: a consulting physician, enhanced school asthma services, and support for links to community health resources. Data was collected on Emergency Medical Service (EMS) calls, aggregated nursing services, demographic characteristics, availability of medication provided through existing policies, and informal interviews.RESULTSDuring the pilot, school‐day asthma‐related Emergency Medical Service (EMS) calls were eliminated. Documented asthma self‐management education, authorization for rescue medication, and efforts to communicate with parents and health providers increased. Between year‐1 and year‐2, the gap between unadjusted, weighted mean absences among students with and without asthma was reduced by 1.1 days. However, this difference was not seen in a fully adjusted negative, binomial regression model.CONCLUSIONSEvaluation of the Asthma 411 pilot suggests many EBI benefits were retained and identifies factors that may facilitate D&I of school health EBIs. Future research will clarify impacts on absenteeism and determine if observed benefits are sustained.
A biological foundation for spatial–numerical associations: the brain's asymmetric frequency tuning
Authors: Felisatti Arianna , Laubrock Jochen , Shaki Samuel , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Left” and “right” coordinates control our spatial behavior and even influence abstract thoughts. For number concepts, horizontal spatial–numerical associations (SNAs) have been widely documented: we associate few with left and many with right. Importantly, increments are universally coded on the right side even in preverbal humans and nonhuman animals, thus questioning the fundamental role of directional cultural habits, such as reading or finger counting. Here, we propose a biological, nonnumerical mechanism for the origin of SNAs on the basis of asymmetric tuning of animal brains for different spatial frequencies (SFs). The resulting selective visual processing predicts both universal SNAs and their context‐dependence. We support our proposal by analyzing the stimuli used to document SNAs in newborns for their SF content. As predicted, the SFs contained in visual patterns with few versus many elements preferentially engage right versus left brain hemispheres, respectively, thus predicting left‐versus rightward behavioral biases. Our “brain's asymmetric frequency tuning” hypothesis explains the perceptual origin of horizontal SNAs for nonsymbolic visual numerosities and might be extensible to the auditory domain.
To what extent are surgeons capable of establishing the difficulty degree of lower third molar surgery pre‐operatively?
Authors: Pippi R. , Sallemi K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral methods and variables have been proposed to evaluate surgical difficulty in lower third molar extraction.AimsThe main aim of the present study is to identify which variable influences most the surgeon’s judgment on technical difficulty and which patient‐ and tooth‐related variables are directly associated with an increase in surgical difficulty.Materials & MethodsA prospective observational study was performed. Assessment of the difficulty of surgery was conducted both asking surgeons to subjectively evaluate the difficulty of each procedure, pre‐ and post‐operatively, and using a modified Pederson anatomical variable score.ResultsPatients with high positive scores for Factor 1 of the principal component analysis underwent third molar surgeries evaluated as difficult by surgeons and were also associated with longer durations of tooth sectioning, ostectomy, flap incision and detachment, luxation/extraction, as well as a greater overall duration of surgery. Teeth with slightly divergent or fused roots were associated with shorter surgeries, which were evaluated as easier by surgeons in comparison to cases of teeth with apical anomalies. When the position of the tooth was vertical, surgery was evaluated as easier by surgeons and lasted less, compared to when the tooth was in a horizontal position. When the roots were slightly divergent or fused, suture and flap incision and detachment lasted longer, and surgery was evaluated as relatively easier compared to when the tooth presented apical anomalies.ConclusionSurgeons evaluated the difficulty of lower third molar surgery in a substantially different manner compared to the anatomic variable score used.
Small tropical forest trees have a greater capacity to adjust carbon metabolism to long‐term drought than large canopy trees
Authors: Bartholomew David C. , Bittencourt Paulo R. L. , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Banin Lindsay F. , de Britto Costa Patrícia , Coughlin Sarah I. , Domingues Tomas F. , Ferreira Leandro V. , Giles André , Mencuccini Maurizio , Mercado Lina , Miatto Raquel C. , Oliveira Alex , Oliveira Rafael , Meir Patrick , Rowland Lucy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe response of small understory trees to long‐term drought is vital in determining the future composition, carbon stocks and dynamics of tropical forests. Long‐term drought is, however, also likely to expose understory trees to increased light availability driven by drought‐induced mortality. Relatively little is known about the potential for understory trees to adjust their physiology to both decreasing water and increasing light availability. We analysed data on maximum photosynthetic capacity (Jmax, Vcmax), leaf respiration (Rleaf), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from 66 small trees across 12 common genera at the world's longest running tropical rainfall exclusion experiment and compared responses to those from 61 surviving canopy trees. Small trees increased Jmax, Vcmax, Rleaf and LMA (71, 29, 32, 15% respectively) in response to the drought treatment, but leaf thickness and leaf nutrient concentrations did not change. Small trees were significantly more responsive than large canopy trees to the drought treatment, suggesting greater phenotypic plasticity and resilience to prolonged drought, although differences among taxa were observed. Our results highlight that small tropical trees have greater capacity to respond to ecosystem level changes and have the potential to regenerate resilient forests following future droughts.
Single residues in the LRR domain of the wheat PM3A immune receptor can control the strength and the spectrum of the immune response
Authors: Lindner Stefan , Keller Bettina , Singh Simrat P. , Hasenkamp Zsuzsanna , Jung Esther , Müller Marion C. , Bourras Salim , Keller Beat 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe development of improved plant nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) immune receptors (NLRs) has mostly been based on random mutagenesis or on structural information available for specific receptors complexed with the recognized pathogen effector. Here, we use a targeted mutagenesis approach based on the natural diversity of the Pm3 powdery mildew resistance alleles present in different wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. In order to understand the functional importance of the amino acid polymorphisms between the active immune receptor PM3A and the inactive ancestral variant PM3CS, we exchanged polymorphic regions and residues in the LRR domain of PM3A with the corresponding segments of PM3CS. These novel variants were functionally tested for recognition of the corresponding AVRPM3A2/F2 avirulence protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. We identified polymorphic residues in four regions of PM3A that enhance the immune response, but also residues that reduce it or result in complete loss of function. We found that the identified critical residues in PM3A modify its activation threshold towards different protein variants of AVRPM3A2/F2. PM3A variants with a lowered threshold gave a stronger overall response and gained an extended recognition spectrum. One of these variant proteins with a single amino acid change was stably transformed into wheat, where it conferred race‐specific resistance to mildew. This is a proof of concept that improved PM3A variants with an enlarged recognition spectrum can be engineered based on natural diversity by exchanging single or multiple residues that modulate resistance function.
Retrospective evaluation of fresh frozen plasma use in 121 cats: 2009–2016
Authors: Lane William G. , Sinnott‐Stutzman Virginia B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo document indications for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) use in cats, doses administered, and frequency of adverse transfusion reactions (ATR).DesignRetrospective observational study from January 2009 to November 2016.SettingLarge urban referral and emergency facility.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐one client‐owned cats that received FFP.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsSignalment, indication(s), dose, pre‐ and posttransfusion total plasma protein, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, as well as possible ATR, primary disease process, and outcome were recorded. Doppler blood pressure was increased posttransfusion (mean pre 99.5 ± 30.8 mm Hg; post 108.5 ± 32.5 mm Hg, P = .027). Cats were significantly less likely to be coagulopathic posttransfusion (P < 0.001). Most common indications were suspected coagulopathy (n = 105, 83%), hemorrhage (n = 45, 35%), and hypotension (n = 32, 25%). Median dose was 6 mL/kg (interquartile range = 3 mL/kg) and was negatively correlated with body weight (r = –.598, P < 0.001). Possible ATR occurred in 17 of 108 (16%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10–24%) of transfusions. Increased body temperature was most common in 11 of 108 (10%, 95% CI, 5–18%), followed by tachypnea/dyspnea in 8 of 108 (7%, 95% CI, 3–13%). Common primary disease processes included liver disease (n = 41, 34%), neoplasia (n = 19, 16%), and sepsis (n = 15, 12%). Overall mortality was 54%. Improvement of clotting times was associated with increased odds of survival (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.3; P = 0.023).ConclusionsClinician justifications for FFP transfusions are comparable to that reported in dogs; however, the mL/kg dose is lower. Coagulopathy and blood pressure significantly improve posttransfusion. Possible ATR were as frequent as that reported with feline packed RBCs transfusions and classified as mild.
Mental capacity assessment: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of what doctors think, know and do
Authors: Penn Dexter , Lanceley Anne , Petrie Aviva , Nicholls Jacqueline 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe Mental Capacity Act (MCA) (2005) was enacted in 2007 in England and Wales, but the assessment of mental capacity still remains an area of professional concern. Doctors’ compliance with legal and professional standards is inconsistent, but the reasons for poor compliance are not well understood. This preliminary study investigates doctors’ experiences of and attitudes toward mental capacity assessment (MCAx).MethodsThis is a descriptive, cross-sectional study where a two-domain, study-specific structured questionnaire was developed, piloted and digitally disseminated to doctors at differing career stages employed in a large, multi-site National Health Service Trust in London over 4 months in 2018. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables adjusted for missing data were generated and secondary analysis was conducted.ResultsParticipants (n=92) were predominantly UK trained (82%), female (58%) and between the ages of 30 and 44 years (45%). Less than half (45%) of the participants reported receiving formal MCAx training. Only one-third (32%) of the participants self-rated themselves as very competent (29%) or extremely competent (4%). Self-reported MCA confidence was significantly affected by career stage with Consultants with over 10 years of experience reporting lowest confidence (p=0.001).ConclusionsThis study describes significant variation in practice by doctors and low self-confidence in the practice of MCAx. These results raise concerns that MCAx continues to be inconsistently performed by doctors despite appropriate awareness of the law and professional guidance on best practice.
Strong coupling constants of the doubly heavy $$ \Xi _{QQ} $$ Baryons with $$ \pi $$ Meson
Authors: Olamaei A. R. , Azizi K. , Rostami S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe doubly charmed $$\Xi _{cc}^{++} (ccu)$$Ξcc++(ccu) state is the only listed baryon in PDG, which was discovered in the experiment. The LHCb collaboration gets closer to discovering the second doubly charmed baryon $$\Xi _{cc}^{+} (ccd)$$Ξcc+(ccd), hence the investigation of the doubly charmed/bottom baryons from many aspects is of great importance that may help us not only get valuable knowledge on the nature of the newly discovered states, but also in the search for other members of the doubly heavy baryons predicted by the quark model. In this context, we investigate the strong coupling constants among the $$\Xi _{cc}^{+(+)}$$Ξcc+(+) baryons and $$\pi ^{0(\pm )}$$π0(±) mesons by means of light cone QCD sum rule. Using the general forms of the interpolating currents of the $$\Xi _{cc}^{+(+)}$$Ξcc+(+) baryons and the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the $$\pi $$π meson, we extract the values of the coupling constants $$g_{\Xi _{cc} \Xi _{cc} \pi }$$gΞccΞccπ. We extend our analyses to calculate the strong coupling constants among the partner baryons with $$\pi $$π mesons, as well, and extract the values of the strong couplings $$g_{\Xi _{bb} \Xi _{bb} \pi }$$gΞbbΞbbπ and $$g_{\Xi _{bc} \Xi _{bc} \pi }$$gΞbcΞbcπ. The results of this study may help experimental groups in the analyses of the data related to the strong coupling constants among the hadronic multiplets.
Heavy-traffic Analysis of the Generalized Switch under Multidimensional State Space Collapse
Authors: Hurtado-Lange Daniela , Theja Maguluri Siva 
Published: July 2020

Stochastic Processing Networks that model wired and wireless networks, and other queueing systems, have been studied in heavytraffic limit under the so-called Complete Resource Pooling (CRP) condition. When the CRP condition is not satisfied, heavy-traffic results are known only in the special case of an input-queued switch and bandwidth-sharing network.
In this paper, we consider a very general queueing system called the 'generalized switch' that includes wireless networks under fading, data center networks, input-queued switch, etc. The primary contribution of this paper is to present the exact value of the steadystate mean of certain linear combinations of queue lengths in the heavy-traffic limit under MaxWeight scheduling algorithm. We use the Drift method, and we also present a negative result that it is not possible to obtain the remaining linear combinations (and consequently all the individual mean queue lengths) using this method. We do this by presenting an alternate view of the Drift method in terms of an (under-determined) system of linear equations. Finally, we use this system of equations to obtain upper and lower bounds on all linear combinations of queue lengths.
The YAP-Interacting Phosphatase SHP2 Can Regulate Transcriptional Coactivity and Modulate Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Buckarma EeeLN H. , Werneburg Nathan W. , Conboy Caitlin B. , Kabashima Ayano , O'Brien Daniel R. , Wang Chen , Ilyas Sumera I. , Smoot Rory L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) is localized to the nucleus and transcriptionally active in a number of tumor types, including a majority of human cholangiocarcinomas. YAP activity has been linked to chemotherapy resistance and has been shown to rescue KRAS and BRAF inhibition in RAS/RAF-driven cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms of YAP-mediated chemoresistance have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we report that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 directly regulates the activity of YAP by dephosphorylating pYAPY357 even in the setting of RAS/RAF mutations, and that diminished SHP2 phosphatase activity is associated with chemoresistance in cholangiocarcinomas. A screen for YAP-interacting tyrosine phosphatases identified SHP2, and characterization of cholangiocarcinomas cell lines demonstrated an inverse relationship between SHP2 levels and pYAPY357. Human sequencing data demonstrated lower SHP2 levels in cholangiocarcinomas tumors as compared with normal liver. Cell lines with low SHP2 expression and higher levels of pYAPY357 were resistant to gemcitabine and cisplatin. In cholangiocarcinomas cells with high levels of SHP2, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of SHP2 increased YAPY357 phosphorylation and expression of YAP target genes, including the antiapoptotic regulator MCL1, imparting resistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin. In vivo evaluation of chemotherapy sensitivity demonstrated significant resistance in xenografts with genetic deletion of SHP2, which could be overcome by utilizing an MCL1 inhibitor.

Implications:
These findings demonstrate a role for SHP2 in regulating YAP activity and chemosensitivity, and suggest that decreased phosphatase activity may be a mechanism of chemoresistance in cholangiocarcinoma via a MCL1-mediated mechanism.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T for Risk Stratification in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Pare Guillaume , Pearce Lesly A. , Mundl Hardi , Peacock W. Frank , Czlonkowska Anna , Sharma Mukul , Nolte Christian H. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Berkowitz Scott D. , Krahn Thomas , Endres Matthias ,   on behalf of the NAVIGATE-ESUS Biomarker Working Group
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Optimal secondary prevention for patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains unknown. We aimed to assess whether high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels are associated with major vascular events and whether hs-cTnT may identify patients who benefit from anticoagulation following ESUS.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the biomarker substudy of the NAVIGATE ESUS trial, a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary stroke prevention in ESUS. Patients were dichotomized at the hs-cTnT upper reference limit (14 ng/L, Gen V, Roche Diagnostics). Cox proportional hazard models were computed to explore the association between hs-cTnT, the combined cardiovascular end point (recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, cardiovascular death), and recurrent ischemic stroke.

Results:

Among 1337 patients enrolled at 111 participating centers in 18 countries (mean age 67±9 years, 61% male), hs-cTnT was detectable in 95% and at/above the upper reference limit in 21%. During a median follow-up of 11 months, the combined cardiovascular end point occurred in 68 patients (5.0%/y, rivaroxaban 28 events, aspirin 40 events; hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.41–1.1]), and recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 50 patients (4.0%/y, rivaroxaban 16 events, aspirin 34 events, hazard ratio 0.45 [95% CI, 0.25–0.81]). Annualized combined cardiovascular end point rates were 8.2% (9.5% rivaroxaban, 7.0% aspirin) for those above hs-cTnT upper reference limit and 4.8% (3.1% rivaroxaban, 6.6% aspirin) below with a significant treatment modification (
P
=0.04). Annualized ischemic stroke rates were 4.7% above hs-cTnT upper reference limit and 3.9% below, with no suggestion of an interaction between hs-cTnT and treatment (
P
=0.3).

Conclusions:
In patients with ESUS, hs-cTnT was associated with increased cardiovascular event rates. While fewer recurrent strokes occurred in patients receiving rivaroxaban, outcomes were not stratified by hs-cTn results. Our findings support using hs-cTnT for cardiovascular risk stratification but not for decision-making regarding anticoagulation therapy in patients with ESUS.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02313909.
Performance of visual vs. software-assisted photo-identification in mark-recapture studies: a case study examining different life stages of the Pacific Horned Frog (Ceratophrys stolzmanni)
Authors: Bardier Cecilia , Székely Diana , Augusto-Alves Guilherme , Matínez-Latorraca Nicolás , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Cruickshank Sam S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of individual phenotypic features as non-invasive marks through photo-identification (photo-ID) has many advantages for individual-based field studies. However, since error rates vary between species, matching techniques, and image qualities, it is important to assess error rates to evaluate the reliability of photo-ID. We tested the performance of this method in the Pacific Horned Frog, Ceratophrys stolzmanni, a threatened anuran with a variable dorsal coloration. We compared the effectiveness of visual (i.e. human recognition) versus software-assisted recognition techniques (Wild-ID and APHIS), and assessed the potential applicability of these techniques to identify post-metamorphic individuals (froglets). The three techniques differed in their performance. The visual technique was the only one to produce type I errors between pairs of images (i.e. matching images which are not true matching pairs), however it also produced fewer type II errors (i.e. not identifying true matching pairs of images) than the software-assisted techniques. For froglets, we found that similarity scores calculated by photo-ID software did not differ significantly between groups of froglets and older individuals, supporting the idea that colour patterns in this species remain stable after metamorphosis. The lack of type I errors and the substantial reduction in required time achieved through the use of software, make software-assisted techniques (particularly Wild-ID) a valid and convenient matching technique for C. stolzmanni. We propose that photo-ID can also be applied to froglets of this species, since the pattern at this stage appears to be as variable as in adults and maintained through life.
Effect of predator cue on escape and oviposition behaviour of freshwater snail
Authors: Kawaguchi Manami , Kuriwada Takashi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When suitability of sites for parent is incompatible with that for their eggs, parent–offspring conflict occurs — the parent must choose between the optimal oviposition site for eggs and that suitable for itself. We examined effects of predator cue on parental habitat use and oviposition site in Physa acuta. We assessed desiccation risk in eggs and the relationship between water depth and predation risk. Predator cues induced the elevation of parental habitat away from the bottom but had no effect on the oviposition site. Oviposition site choice is not by-product of escape response. Eggs that were exposed to desiccation failed to hatch, indicating high desiccation risk. Eggs laid at deeper levels were at higher risk of stripping from oviposition substrates by crayfishes. Although the middle-water level would be suitable oviposition sites, the parents selected an oviposition site in the upper level. There are other benefits and costs of oviposition site selection.
Comparison and the Academic Study of Indigenous Religious Traditions
Authors: Schermerhorn Seth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent publication of two excellent volumes—Bruce Lincoln’s Apples and Oranges and Oliver Freiberger’s Considering Comparison—provides an auspicious moment to reflect on and interrogate the nature of comparison within religious studies generally, as well as a variety of subfields, including the academic study of indigenous religious traditions. This article carefully examines both books, analyzes Lincoln’s interpretations of Native American religious traditions within broader comparative frameworks, and discusses several recent developments regarding comparison in the academic study of indigenous religious traditions.