bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case series of ventricular cystic masses
Authors: Tong Jieli , Low Randal Jun Bang , Joseph Francis Prabath , Ong Paul Jau Lueng , Lee Evelyn Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Ventricular cystic masses are uncommon. Elucidating the cause is essential for early directed therapy and prevention of complications. We present two cases of ventricular cystic masses, one in each ventricle, after myocardial infarction (MI) and ventricular septal rupture (VSR), respectively.

Case summary
Patient 1 is a 58-year-old male with left brachio-facial stroke and evolved anterior MI. A left ventricular (LV) cystic thrombus was seen on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. He was started on anticoagulation with reduction in thrombus size 11 days later. Patient 2 is a 67-year-old male with evolved anterior MI, severe LV systolic dysfunction, and normal right ventricular (RV) function. He was readmitted two weeks later with fever, heart failure, Streptococcus agalactiae bacteraemia, and septic pulmonary emboli. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed biventricular systolic dysfunction and a RV cystic mass associated with a partial VSR. He was treated with anticoagulation and antibiotics. Repeat TTE 5 weeks later revealed near resolution of the cystic mass and complete VSR. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed these findings and also showed a localized mid-septal transmural infarction at the VSR site. He underwent percutaneous coronary intervention to the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries, and percutaneous VSR closure with a muscular ventricular septal defect device later.

Discussion
Our two cases demonstrate that ventricular thrombi can present as cystic masses after MI and VSRs. Infectious, vascular, or oncogenic causes should be considered in the appropriate clinical context. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent embolic complications, and secondary infection.
Aging in Male Wistar Rats Associates With Changes in Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Structure, and Cholecystokinin-Mediated Gut–Brain Axis Function
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Lizárraga Esther , Álvarez-Cilleros David , Pérez-Pardo Paula , Sanmartín-Salinas Patricia , Toledo-Lobo M Val , Alvarez Carmen , Escrivá Fernando , Fernández-Lobato María , Guijarro Luis G , Valverde Angela M , Carrascosa José M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aging in mammals is characterized by failure of the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate energy balance. Several mechanisms have been proposed such as the presence of a low-grade chronic inflammation in different tissues, as well as leptin and insulin resistance, but the primary alteration is not fully elucidated. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a key player in a variety of metabolic and neurological disorders. A main concept in this context is the gut–brain axis that refers to alterations in the gut that mediate effects in the central nervous system, including those related with the control of energy balance. Using 16S rRNA analysis, we demonstrate that aged male Wistar rats have increased presence of mucin-degrading and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria. In addition, old animals exhibit a lower number of neutral mucin secreting goblet cells, and a decrease of tight junctions and adherens junctions marker proteins, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and β-catenin, respectively. These data are compatible with a thinner mucus layer and a weaker gut barrier in older animals that likely facilitate LPS leakage. Our data also show that cholecystokinin (CCK) satiating effect is impaired in aged rats, one of the expected effects of increased LPS leakage. In contrast, no overt signs of gut or systemic inflammation are observed. Changes in microbiota in old male Wistar rats present features of situations of increased adiposity, but different from those of obese animals. These could partly explain the increased adiposity and fat deposition in liver and heart as observed here.
Person-Centered Care in Persons Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Ji Yeon , Kim Bora 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The concept of person-centered care has been utilized/adapted to various interventions to enhance health-related outcomes and ensure the quality of care delivered to persons living with dementia. A few systematic reviews have been conducted on the use of person-centered interventions in the context of dementia care, but to date, none have analyzed intervention effect by intervention type and target outcome. This study aimed to review person-centered interventions used in the context of dementia care and examine their effectiveness.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. We searched through 5 databases for randomized controlled trials that utilized person-centered interventions in persons living with dementia from 1998 to 2019. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence checklist. The outcomes of interest for the meta-analysis were behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and cognitive function assessed immediately after the baseline measurement.

Results
In total, 36 studies were systematically reviewed. Intervention types were reminiscence, music, and cognitive therapies, and multisensory stimulation. Thirty studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed a moderate effect size for overall intervention, a small one for music therapy, and a moderate one for reminiscence therapy on BPSD and cognitive function.

Discussion and Implications
Generally speaking, person-centered interventions showed immediate intervention effects on reducing BPSD and improving cognitive function, although the effect size and significance of each outcome differed by intervention type. Thus, health care providers should consider person-centered interventions as a vital element in dementia care.
Experimental design to reduce inductive coupling in spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) measurements
Authors: Wang Haoran , Huisman Johan Alexander , Zimmermann Egon , Vereecken Harry 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) is a promising method to image the subsurface complex resistivity distribution in a broad frequency range (i.e. mHz to kHz). However, inductive coupling between cables is known to affect measurement accuracy for frequencies above 50 Hz. Previous studies have proposed correction methods, but these have not been widely adopted yet. In this study, we evaluated the influence of inductive coupling on the measured complex impedance for different electrode and cable configurations. We propose a novel index to evaluate the inductive coupling strength and use it to develop a filter that selects data with limited inductive coupling. In a first step, the inductive coupling strength of a fan-shaped and parallel cable layout were evaluated. It was found that the fan-shaped layout provided more measurements with low inductive coupling strength. Using a synthetic modeling study with a fan-shaped cable layout, we then showed that it is possible to achieve good inversion results without data correction if measurements with high inductive coupling strength are filtered out before inversion. In a final step, we use the novel filtering approach based on inductive coupling strength with actual surface sEIT measurements. The EIT inversion results based on the filtered data corresponded well with inversion results using data corrected for inductive coupling and also showed good spectral consistency. It was concluded that it is possible to achieve reliable inversion results without data correction for inductive coupling when a fan-shaped layout and configurations with sufficiently low inductive coupling strength are used.
Teacher and Parental Perceptions of Performance Pay in Education: Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Mbiti Isaac , Schipper Youdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents evidence on teacher opinions regarding performance pay from a large experimental evaluation that included three interventions: a school grant program, a teacher performance pay program and a combination of both programs. The experimental evaluation was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 350 public primary schools across 10 districts in Tanzania. We report four sets of results. First, approximately 96% of teachers support the idea of teacher performance pay, while 61% favour at least some performance-linked element in a future salary increase. Further, 80% of head teachers support performance pay. Second, we find that exposure to a performance pay program has a limited positive impact on teacher support for performance pay. Third, contrary to arguments from performance pay critics that such programs adversely affect the work environment in schools, we find that teachers in all the experimental arms report higher satisfaction with the work environment and job support. Fourth, we find that a majority of parents (55%) prefer performance pay over school grants, but exposure to the experimental programs does not change this preference.
Financial Hardship in Survivorship Care Delivery
Authors: Smith Grace L , Mendoza Tito R , Lowenstein Lisa M , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cancer-related financial hardship is highly prevalent and affects individuals in the setting of cancer care delivery across the survivorship trajectory. Mitigating financial hardship requires multi-level solutions at the policy, payer, health-care system, provider, and individual patient levels. At the highest level, strategies for intervention include enacting policies to improve price transparency and expand insurance coverage. Also needed are implementing systematic screening and financial navigation in cancer care delivery; improving cost communication by provider care teams; developing patient-reported measures that incorporate the multiple, complex dimensions of financial hardship, as reflected in the Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer tool; and advancing electronic medical record infrastructure to manage data on patient financial hardship. For individual patients, activating their social networks, community resources, and employers provides patient-level support resources to enhance coping. The proposed multi-level approach is needed to overcome financial hardship in the setting of high-quality, high-value cancer care delivery.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in February 2020 and Implications of Genomic Sequencing for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Parsons Emily , Timlin Matthew , Starr Clarise , Fries Anthony , Wells Ronald , Studer Matthew , Sainato Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly recognized disease process that can complicate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We present what we believe to be the earliest case of MIS-C, occurring in February 2020. Our patient’s SARS-CoV-2 infection was caused by an emerging lineage with the D614G variant in the spike protein. This lineage would subsequently become the predominant cause of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Europe and the United States where MIS-C was first described.
Similar History and Different Strategies of ‘Arrival’: Female Yazidi Survivors of the Islamic State in Germany
Authors: Masadeh Mais , Pries Ludger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBorder crossing migration always includes (re-)negotiation of world views, home and the meaning of arrival. This negotiation of arrival takes place within the broader societal contexts of the countries of origin and of arrival but is also a mediation with oneself and with social networks. This holds true especially for refugees and émigrés who have to leave their habitual places of living involuntarily. This paper examines the lives of Yazidi women, who survived captivity and sexual enslavement by the self-declared Islamic State and subsequently decided to resettle from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to Germany. First, the study addresses the complex processes of managing and re-establishing social belongings with a sociological concept of arrival and outlines some lessons from historical forced migration research. It then presents the findings and analysis of five face-to-face narrative interviews with Yazidi survivors. What similarities and differences exist between these individuals and historical cases of forced migrants and their arrival? Are there different patterns of coping with their individual and collective experiences and of developing new life projects? Our findings show how Yazidi émigrés continue to experience and negotiate the complexities of migration between weak and strong belonging to social spaces of origin and of arrival.
The Value of Refugees: UNHCR and the Growth of the Global Refugee Industry
Authors: Morris Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human movement from conflict and the desire for different livelihoods have been abiding features of most social orders. Yet, the categorization of people as refugees and specific international refugee laws and welfare programmes is a recent endeavour. This article looks at the key factors driving the international refugee regime’s expansion. It argues that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has played a central role in this regard, advancing categorizations of displaced persons in refugee terms to ensure its survival and growth over the years. By tracing the historical development of the refugee regime, we can better understand how the control of human movement has become constituted in ways that foster organizational growth and geopolitical legitimacy, under the authority of humanitarianism.
History of the Military Nurse Corps and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons for the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Talbot Laura A , Metter E Jeffrey , King Heather 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDuring World War I, the 1918 influenza pandemic struck the fatigued combat troops serving on the Western Front. Medical treatment options were limited; thus, skilled military nursing care was the primary therapy and the best indicator of patient outcomes. This article examines the military nursing’s role in the care of the soldiers during the 1918 flu pandemic and compares this to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic.
Path Semantics for Indicative Conditionals
Authors: Santorio Paolo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The literature on indicative conditionals contains two appealing views. The first is the selectional view: on this view, conditionals operate by selecting a single possibility, which is used to evaluate the consequent. The second is the informational view: on this view, conditionals don’t express propositions, but rather impose constraints on information states of speakers. Both views are supported by strong arguments, but they are incompatible on their standard formulations. Hence it appears that we have to choose between mutually exclusive options. But the options are not exclusive. This paper develops a theory of the semantics and assertability of conditionals that is both selectional and informational. The theory vindicates the signature inferences of both selectional and informational theories, including so-called Conditionals Excluded Middle and principles about the interplay between conditionals and ‘might’. It also predicts some interesting and puzzling facts about the assertion of conditionals.
The non-monotonic, strong metallicity dependence of the wide-binary fraction
Authors: Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Ting Yuan-Sen , Schlaufman Kevin C , Zakamska Nadia L , Wyse Rosemary F G 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The metallicity dependence of the wide-binary fraction (WBF) IN stellar populations plays a critical role in resolving the open question of wide-binary formation. In this paper, we investigate the metallicity ([Fe/H]) and age dependence of the WBF (binary separations between 103 and 104 au) for field F and G dwarfs within 500 pc by combining their metallicity and radial velocity measurements from LAMOST Data Release 5 (DR5) with the astrometric information from Gaia DR2. We show that the WBF strongly depends on the metallicity: as metallicity increases, the WBF first increases, peaks at [Fe/H] ≃ 0, and then decreases at the high-metallicity end. The WBF at [Fe/H] = 0 is about two times larger than that at [Fe/H] = −1 and +0.5. This metallicity dependence is dominated by the thin-disc stars. Using stellar kinematics as a proxy of stellar age, we show that younger stars have a higher WBF at fixed metallicity close to solar. We propose that multiple formation channels are responsible for the metallicity and age dependence. In particular, the positive metallicity correlation at [Fe/H] &lt; 0 and the age dependence may be due to the denser formation environments and higher mass clusters at earlier times. The negative metallicity correlation at [Fe/H] &gt; 0 can be inherited from the similar metallicity dependence of close binaries, and radial migration may play a role in enhancing the WBF around the solar metallicity.
H i intensity mapping with MeerKAT: 1/f noise analysis
Authors: Li Yichao , Santos Mario G , Grainge Keith , Harper Stuart , Wang Jingying 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The nature of the time correlated noise component (the 1/f noise) of single dish radio telescopes is critical to the detectability of the H i signal in intensity mapping experiments. In this paper, we present the 1/f noise properties of the MeerKAT receiver system using South Celestial Pole tracking data. We estimate both the temporal power spectrum density and the 2D power spectrum density for each of the antennas and polarizations. We apply singular value decomposition to the data set and show that, by removing the strongest components, the 1/f noise can be drastically reduced, indicating that it is highly correlated in frequency. With two-mode subtraction, the knee frequency over a $20\,$ MHz averaging is about $3\times 10^{-3}\, {\rm Hz}$, indicating that the system induced 1/f-type variations are well under the thermal noise fluctuations over a few hundred seconds time-scales. We also show that such cleaning on the time ordered data has very little impact on the 21-cm signal itself. The 2D power spectrum shows that the 1/f-type variations are restricted to a small region in the time–frequency space, either with long-wavelength correlations in frequency or in time. This gives a wide range of cosmological scales where the H i signal can be measured without further need to calibrate the gain time fluctuations. Finally, we demonstrate that a simple power spectrum parameterization is sufficient to describe the data and provide fitting parameters for both the 1D and 2D power spectrum.
Spectral and polarization properties of black hole accretion disc emission: including absorption effects
Authors: Taverna R , Marra L , Bianchi S , Dovčiak M , Goosmann R , Marin F , Matt G , Zhang W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study of radiation emitted from black hole accretion discs represents a crucial way to understand the main physical properties of these sources, and in particular the black hole spin. Beside spectral analysis, polarimetry is becoming more and more important, motivated by the development of new techniques which will soon allow to perform measurements also in the X- and γ-rays. Photons emitted from black hole accretion discs in the soft state are indeed expected to be polarized, with an energy dependence which can provide an estimate of the black hole spin. Calculations performed so far, however, considered scattering as the only process to determine the polarization state of the emitted radiation, implicitly assuming that the temperatures involved are such that material in the disc is entirely ionized. In this work we generalize the problem by calculating the ionization structure of a surface layer of the disc with the public code cloudy, and then by determining the polarization properties of the emerging radiation using the Monte Carlo code stokes. This allows us to account for absorption effects alongside scattering ones. We show that including absorption can deeply modify the polarization properties of the emerging radiation with respect to what is obtained in the pure-scattering limit. As a general rule, we find that the polarization degree is larger when absorption is more important, which occurs e.g. for low accretion rates and/or spins when the ionization of the matter in the innermost accretion disc regions is far from complete.
Dwarf galaxies and the black hole scaling relations
Authors: King Andrew , Nealon Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The sample of dwarf galaxies with measured central black hole masses M and velocity dispersions σ has recently doubled, and gives a close fit to the extrapolation of the M - σ relation for more massive galaxies. We argue that this is difficult to reconcile with suggestions that the scaling relations between galaxies and their central black holes are simply a statistical consequence of assembly through repeated mergers. This predicts black hole masses significantly larger than those observed in dwarf galaxies unless the initial distribution of uncorrelated seed black hole and stellar masses is confined to much smaller masses than earlier assumed. It also predicts a noticeable flattening of the M - σ relation for dwarfs, to M ∝ σ2 compared with the observed M ∝ σ4. In contrast black hole feedback predicts that black hole masses tend towards a universal M ∝ σ4 relation in all galaxies, and correctly gives the properties of powerful outflows recently observed in dwarf galaxies. These considerations emphasize once again that the fundamental physical black hole – galaxy scaling relation is between M and σ. The relation of M to the bulge mass Mb is acausal, and depends on the quite independent connection between Mb and σ set by stellar feedback.
The environment of FRB 121102 and possible relation to SGR/PSR J1745−2900
Authors: Katz J I 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Variations of the dispersion measures (DM) and rotation measures (RM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) 121102 indicate magnetic fields ∼3–17 mG in the dispersing plasma. The electron density may be ${\sim}10^4\,$ cm−3. The observed time scales ∼1 yr constrain the size of the plasma cloud. Increasing DM excludes simple models involving an expanding supernova remnant, and the non-zero RM excludes spherical symmetry. The varying DM and RM may be attributable to the motion of plasma into or out of the line of sight to or changing electron density within slower moving plasma. The extraordinarily large RM of FRB 121102 implies an environment, and possibly also a formation process and source, qualitatively different from those of other FRB. The comparable and comparably varying RM of SGR/PSR J1745−2900 suggests it as a FRB candidate. Appendix A discusses the age of FRB 121102 in the context of a ‘Copernican Principle’.
Neural network models for DMT-induced visual hallucinations
Authors: Schartner Michael M , Timmermann Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe regulatory role of the serotonergic system on conscious perception can be investigated perturbatorily with psychedelic drugs such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine. There is increasing evidence that the serotonergic system gates prior (endogenous) and sensory (exogenous) information in the construction of a conscious experience. Using two generative deep neural networks as examples, we discuss how such models have the potential to be, firstly, an important medium to illustrate phenomenological visual effects of psychedelics—besides paintings, verbal reports and psychometric testing—and, secondly, their utility to conceptualize biological mechanisms of gating the influence of exogenous and endogenous information on visual perception.