bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of the UDP-Glc/GlcNAc 4-epimerase from the human pathogenCampylobacter jejuni
Authors: Yun Hyun Gi , Jang Kyoung-Soon , Tanaka Shiho , Clemons William M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWorldwide, the food-born pathogenCampylobacter jejuniis the leading bacterial source of human gastroenteritis.C. jejuniproduces a variety of diverse cell-surface carbohydrates that are essential for pathogenicity. A critical component of these oligo- and polysaccharides is the sugarN-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). The sole source of this sugar is the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase (Gne). This enzyme is unique among known bacterial epimerases in that it also catalyzes the equivalent reaction with the non-N-acetylated sugars. Understanding howCjGne catalyzes these various interconversions is critical to designing novel inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, to further the mechanistic understanding we present a 2.0Å structure ofCjGne with its NAD+co-factor bound. Based on novel features found in the structure we perform a variety of biochemical studies to probe the mechanism and compare these results to another bifunctional epimerase, human GalE. We further show that ebselen, previously identified for inhibition ofHsGalE, is active againstCjGne, suggesting a route for antibiotic development.
The Structures of SctK and SctD fromPseudomonas aeruginosaReveal the Interface of the Type III Secretion System Basal Body and Sorting Platform
Authors: Muthuramalingam Meenakumari , Whittier Sean K. , Lovell Scott , Battaile Kevin P. , Tachiyama Shoichi , Johnson David K. , Picking Wendy L. , Picking William D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert normal cellular functions. The T3SS apparatus (injectisome) shares a common overall architecture in all systems studied thus far, comprising three major components – the cytoplasmic sorting platform, the envelope-spanning basal body and the external needle with controlling tip complex. The sorting platform consists of an ATPase (SctN) connected to “pods” (SctQ) having six-fold symmetry via radial spokes (SctL). These pods interface with the 24-fold symmetric SctD inner membrane ring (IR) via an adaptor protein (SctK). Here we report the first high-resolution structure of a SctK protein family member, PscK fromPseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the structure of its interacting partner, the cytoplasmic domain of PscD (SctD). The cytoplasmic domain of PscD forms a forkhead-associated (FHA) fold, like that of its homologues from other T3SS. PscK, on the other hand, forms a helix-rich structure that does not resemble any known protein fold. Based on these structural findings, we present the first model for an interaction between proteins from the sorting platform and the IR. We also test the importance of the PscD residues predicted to mediate this electrostatic interaction using a two-hybrid analysis. The functional need for Arg96in vivowas then confirmed by monitoring secretion of the effector ExoU. These structures will contribute to the development of atomic-resolution models of the entire sorting platform and to our understanding of the mechanistic interface between the sorting platform and the basal body of the injectisome.HighlightsThe structures ofPseudomonas aeruginosaPscD (SctD) and PscK (SctK) were solvedThe interface between the T3SS basal body and sorting platform was modeledThe crystal structure of PscK is the first for any SctK family memberPscK represents a novel protein foldSite-directed mutagenesis supports a computational model of the PscD-PscK interfaceGraphical abstract.The first reported structure for a T3SS SctK protein family member was solved for PscK fromPseudomonas aeruginosaand this allowed for modeling of the interface between this sorting platform protein and the cytoplasmic domain of PscD (a SctD protein family member). This allowed for identification of amino acid residues that may play a role in the interaction between these proteins. The interface appears to be dominated by electrostatic interactions and mutagenesis confirmed the importance of key residues in driving their interaction based on two-hybrid analysis.
Transsynaptic mapping ofDrosophilamushroom body output neurons
Authors: Scaplen Kristin M , Talay Mustafa , Fisher John D , Cohn Raphael , Sorkaç Altar , Aso Yoshinori , Barnea Gilad , Kaun Karla R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Mushroom Body (MB) is a well-characterized associative memory structure within theDrosophilabrain. Although previous studies have analyzed MB connectivity and provided a map of inputs and outputs, a detailed map of the downstream targets is missing. Using the genetic anterograde transsynaptic tracing tool,trans-Tango, we identified divergent projections across the brain and convergent downstream targets of the MB output neurons (MBONs). Our analysis revealed at least three separate targets that receive convergent input from MBONs: other MBONs, the fan shaped body (FSB), and the lateral accessory lobe (LAL). We describe, both anatomically and functionally, a multilayer circuit in which inhibitory and excitatory MBONs converge on the same genetic subset of FSB and LAL neurons. This circuit architecture provides an opportunity for the brain to update information and integrate it with previous experience before executing appropriate behavioral responses.Highlights-The postsynaptic connections of the output neurons of the mushroom body, a structure that integrates environmental cues with associated valence, are mapped usingtrans-Tango.-Mushroom body circuits are highly interconnected with several points of convergence among mushroom body output neurons (MBONs).-The postsynaptic partners of MBONs have divergent projections across the brain and convergent projections to select target neuropils outside the mushroom body important for multimodal integration.-Functional connectivity suggests the presence of multisynaptic pathways that have several layers of integration prior to initiation of an output response.
Eye and hand movements disrupt attentional control
Authors: Hanning Nina M. , Wollenberg Luca , Jonikaitis Donatas , Deubel Heiner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVoluntary attentional control is the ability to selectively focus on a subset of visual information in the presence of other competing stimuli. While it is well established that this capability is a marker of cognitive control that allows for flexible, goal-driven behavior, it is still an open question how robust it is. In this study we contrasted voluntary attentional control with the most frequent source of automatic, involuntary attentional orienting in daily life—shifts of attention prior to goal-directed eye and hand movements. In a multi-tasking paradigm, we asked participants to attend at a location while planning eye or hand movements elsewhere. We observed that voluntary attentional control suffered with every simultaneous action plan. Crucially, this impairment occurred even when we reduced task difficulty and memory load—factors known to interfere with attentional control. Furthermore, the performance cost was limited to voluntary attention. We observed simultaneous attention benefits at two movement targets without attentional competition between them. This demonstrates that the visual system allows for the concurrent representation of multiple attentional foci. It further reveals that voluntary attentional control is extremely fragile and dominated by automatic, premotor shifts of attention. We propose that action-driven selection disrupts voluntary attention and plays a superordinate role for visual selection.
Utilisation of laboratory test results for patient management by clinicians at two large referral hospitals in Zambia
Authors: Mwape Sabe , Daka Victor , Matafwali Scott K. , Mwape Kapambwe , Sikalima Jay , Vlahakis Pipina A. , Kalolekesha Memory C. , Chisompola Namaunga K. , Chalwe Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical laboratory diagnosis is a critical component of patient management in the healthcare setup. Despite the availability of laboratory tests, clinicians may not utilise them to make clinical decisions. We investigated utilsation of laboratory tests for patient management among clinicians at Ndola Teaching Hospital (NTH) and Arthur Davison Childrens Hospital (ADCH), two large referral hospitals in the Copperbelt Province, Ndola, Zambia.MethodWe conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among clinicians. The study deployed self-administered questionnaires to evaluate clinician utilisation, querying and confidence in laboratory results. Additional data on demographics and possible laboratory improvements were also obtained. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and exported to SPSS version 16 for statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 80 clinicians interviewed, 96.2% (77) reported using laboratory tests and their results in patient management. 77.5% (62) of the clinicians indicated they always used laboratory results to influence their patient management decisions. Of the selected laboratory tests, clinicians were more confident in using haemoglobin test results (91.2%). There was no statistically significant association between the clinicians gender or qualification and use of test results in patient management.ConclusionOur findings show that despite the majority querying laboratory results, most of the clinicians use laboratory results for patient management. There is need for interactions between the laboratory and clinical area to assure clinician confidence in laboratory results.
Structure and mechanism of human dual oxidase 1 complex
Authors: Wu Jing-Xiang , Liu Rui , Song Kangcheng , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDual oxidases (DUOXs) produce hydrogen peroxide by transferring electrons from intracellular NADPH to extracellular oxygen. They are involved in many crucial biological processes and human diseases, especially in thyroid diseases. DUOXs are protein complexes co-assembled from the catalytic DUOX subunits and the auxiliary DUOXA subunits and their activities are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex in both high-calcium and low-calcium states. These structures reveal the DUOX1 complex is a symmetric 2:2 hetero-tetramer stabilized by extensive inter-subunit interactions. Substrate NADPH and cofactor FAD are sandwiched between transmembrane domain and the cytosolic dehydrogenase domain of DUOX. In the presence of calcium ions, intracellular EF-hand modules enhance the catalytic activity of DUOX by stabilizing the dehydrogenase domain in a position that is optimal for electron transfer.
Service supply chain: from bibliometric analysis to content analysis, current research trends and future research directions
Authors: Nagariya Ramji , Kumar Divesh , Kumar Ishwar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to carry out the systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis and content analysis of extant literature of service supply chain (SSC).Design/methodology/approachSystematic literature review (SLR) technique was used for identifying the research papers. In the first step after reading titles, abstracts and keywords and, full-length articles wherever required, papers not related to SSC were removed. In second steps papers were read more critically and papers not related to SSC were removed. Finally on 502 papers bibliometric and content analysis was further carried out. Content analysis was based on the clusters formed by bibliographic coupling. Further, content analysis of the recent articles revealed the current research trends and research gaps.FindingsThis paper identified the six existing research diversifications in SSC as (1) logistics SSC, (2) model, framework and conceptual papers, (3) third-party logistics service providers, (4) articles from various perspective, (5) measurement of quality and performance on services and (6) impact of adoption of technology, cooperation and branding on logistics service providers. Further, six future research directions are also provided.Practical implicationsThis research provides a clear view of the progression of publication, research diversification, research themes of six identified clusters, sub-themes of clusters and content analysis of each cluster. Content analysis of recent articles reveals the current research trend and future research directions.Originality/valueThis is a first of its kind of study which presents the diversification of research areas within SSC, bibliometric analysis, content analysis and provides actionable future research direction.
Access and its contribution to achieving trust and satisfaction in inter-ethnic relationships
Authors: Zeqiri Mensur 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study seeks to provide further testing of access in the context of government – community relations within the political context of the Republic of North Macedonia. The study analyses relationship cultivation strategy of access and explains how it contributes to achieving trust and relationship satisfaction in government–community relations. This paper also provides insights into the importance of access to achieving positive government–community relations based on mutual trust and satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachFor this research, a qualitative inquiry was conducted, and qualitative in-depth interviewing was used as the main research method. In total, 39 interviews were conducted: 12 interviews with Macedonian civil servants, eight interviews with Albanian civil servants and 19 interviews with Albanians.FindingsThe findings of this study showed citizens not to have enough access to government and its institutions. Besides, the results showed access to be crucial to building positive government–community relations based on mutual trust and satisfaction. In particular, discrimination and social distance were crucial in building trust between government and citizens.Originality/valueThe study provided evidence on the importance and contribution of the cultivation strategy of access to government-community relationships in general and to the relational outcomes of trust and satisfaction in particular. The findings supported the initial assumptions that access constitutes an important factor in predicting the government–community relationship quality.
Entrepreneurial ecosystem and social entrepreneurship: case studies of community-based craft from Kutch, India
Authors: Pathak Santana , Mukherjee Sujata 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore social entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) in the craft sector in the state of Gujarat, India. With liberalization, India witnessed the growth of social entrepreneurship and is considered one of the pioneering countries in social innovation. The objective of the research was to answer the research question: what role do various stakeholder groups play in creating and promoting craft sector social EEs.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a qualitative case study approach of methodological triangulation combining analysing documents, a participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Two case studies – one of the Ajrakh craft cluster from Ajrakhpur and the other of Kala Cotton from Aadeshar, Bhuj are studied to explore the symbiotic linkages of social entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kutch district of Gujarat, India. A total of 24 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders of the EE.

Findings
The study concludes that the role of like-minded individuals/social entrepreneurs, social enterprises, design networks and educational institutions is vital towards revival and sustainability of craft as economic commodities geared for scalability. Furthermore, the engagement of the systemic condition agents such as various local and national level institutions, the communities play an important role to revitalize, redeem and commercialize craft infrastructure based on active engagement, innovation and services.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study how traditional craft-based enterprises can be enabled, revived, grown and sustained.
An RBC model with non-Ricardian households: lessons for Bulgaria (1999–2018)
Authors: Vasilev Aleksandar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe authors introduce non-Ricardian (“hand-to-mouth”) myopic agents into an otherwise standard real-business-cycle (RBC) setup augmented with a detailed government sector. The authors investigate the quantitative importance of the presence of nonoptimizing households for cyclical fluctuations in Bulgaria.Design/methodology/approachThe authors calibrate the RBC model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999–2018).FindingsThe authors find that the inclusion of such non-Ricardian households improves model performance along several dimensions and generally provides a better match vis-a-vis data, as compared to the standard model populated with Ricardian agents only.Originality/valueThis is a novel finding in the macroeconomic studies on Bulgaria using modern quantitative methods.
Consumers’ persuasion in online food delivery systems
Authors: Gunden Nefike , Morosan Cristian , DeFranco Agnes L. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to develop and validate a conceptual model that explains consumers’ persuasion by the information available on online food delivery systems (OFDS). The study validated consumers’ price savings orientation as an antecedent of two types of browsing behaviors (utilitarian and hedonic). Browsing and social influences were examined as predictors of persuasion.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted to determine constructs that constituted the best conceptual model for this study. To test the model, an online instrument was developed, and data were collected with the help of a global marketing panel company from 333 consumers who have used OFDS. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses of the model.

Findings
The study found that consumers’ price savings orientation strongly influenced both types of browsing. However, while utilitarian browsing did not influence consumers’ persuasion, hedonic browsing and social influence were strong predictors of persuasion.

Research limitations/implications
Given the uniqueness of the study that stems from its task-technology context and the type of product being purchased, this study advances the literature in hospitality information technology, especially in the relatively neglected foodservice information technology area. The study also provides implications for both restaurants and OFDS as critical stakeholders in this important area.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine consumers’ persuasion in a food-service online retail context. This study is also the first to examine both types of browsing as distinct constructs in hospitality and to explain their differential role in persuasion.
From culture to behaviour: donor orientation and organisational identification
Authors: Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Cabrera-Suárez María Katiuska , Déniz-Déniz María de la Cruz 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate whether cultural market orientation (MO) of blood transfusion centres and services (BTCS) results in behaviours aimed at offering a suitable service-experience to blood donors and if the relationship between cultural and behavioural MO is partially mediated by BTCS staff members’ organisational identification (OI). Also, it analyses whether certain employee characteristics, particularly their status of medical or non-medical staff, may affect their perceptions about MO (cultural and behavioural), OI and the relationship between these variables.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was conducted with senior management staff and chiefs of Spanish BTCS, as well as blood collection staff – physicians, nurses and promoters – (147 participants).

Findings
Spanish BTCS has a strong belief in the importance of donors as key stakeholders in the donation system, although cultural MO does not turn into behaviours with the same strength. The results also show that there is a direct effect between cultural and behavioural MO, as well as a mediator effect of OI in this relationship.

Research limitations/implications
This study demonstrates that OI is a relevant internal marketing construct with a high potential explanatory power of customer orientation.

Practical implications
This study offers a validated tool to assess and monitor BTCS’ donor orientation and recommends that BTCS’ design effective marketing intelligence systems.

Social implications
This research contributes to social welfare by helping to explain how the organisational culture of BTCS and their employees’ perceptions and behaviours might help to enhance donor orientation, which would guarantee continual blood collection. This might be useful in the context of negative evolution of blood donation levels in many countries.

Originality/value
This research puts the focus on the role of the BTCS’s employees to understand the process by which a donor orientation culture would translate into market-oriented behaviours aimed to reach blood donor satisfaction, to guarantee a constant, growing blood donor pool. In this translation process, the organisational climate seems to play a fundamental role through one of its main variables, i.e. organisational identification.
Analysing human activity development through (work)spaces in a human-centered design project for commercial airline pilots
Authors: Quillerou Edwige , Boulnois Sébastien 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper conducts a co-design framework, thanks to different kinds of interviews with expert pilots in different space contexts for each stage of the technical development of the system.

Design/methodology/approach
To speak about the question of “spaces” and especially spaces in the design process, this paper is focussed on the transdisciplinary design research for commercial airline pilots. This design research combined a “Human-Centred Design” approach (Boy, 2015) with an occupational psychology, including a “Clinic of Activity” perspective (Kloëtzer et al., 2016). It integrates experts within the research process to design a new technological tool for indicating weather conditions in flight (Boulnois, 2018).

Findings
This study explains how the crossed self-confrontation interview under special space conditions allows dialogue to take place between the designers and the pilots for imagining the future workplace by using an emergent workspace.

Practical implications
The physical, psychological and social “space” conditions were worked on throughout the design process – including during the work analysis and design testing phases – and were revisited.

Originality/value
In this way, the occupational psychologist organised the framework for dialogue about the present situation and future workspaces, to anticipate changes in work organisation, enhance inter-professional collaboration and, finally, increase health and safety benefits for pilots, and potentially other workers, at the same time.