bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can geostrophic adjustment of baroclinic disturbances in the tropical atmosphere explain MJO events?
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing the two‐layer moist‐convective rotating shallow‐water model, we study the process of relaxation (adjustment) of localized large‐scale pressure anomalies in the lower equatorial troposphere, and show that it engenders coherent structures strongly resembling Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events, as seen in vorticity, pressure, and moisture fields. We demonstrate that baroclinicity and moist convection substantially change the scenario of the quasi‐barotropic “dry” adjustment, which was established in the framework of the one‐layer shallow‐water model and consists, in the long‐wave sector, of the emission of equatorial Rossby waves, with dipolar meridional structure, to the west, and of equatorial Kelvin waves to the east. If moist convection is strong enough, a dipolar cyclonic structure, which appears in the process of adjustment as a Rossby‐wave response to the perturbation, transforms into a coherent modon‐like structure in the lower layer, which couples with a baroclinic Kelvin wave through a zone of enhanced convection and produces, at initial stages of the process, a self‐sustained slowly eastward‐propagating zonally dissymmetrical quadrupolar vorticity pattern. At the same time, a weaker quadrupolar structure of opposite sign arises in the upper layer, the whole picture similar to the active phase of MJO events. The baroclinic Kelvin wave then detaches from the dipole, which keeps slow eastward motion, and circumnavigates the Equator, catching up and interacting with the dipole.
Revisiting (anti)aromaticity and chemical bond in planar BXNX clusters (x = 2‐11)
Authors: Arrué Lily , Pino‐Rios Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs Nucleus‐Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) measurements have shown inconsistent results with other traditional methodologies in the assignment of aromaticity for inorganic compounds, leading to a possible erroneous interpretation, a complete analysis of the (anti)aromatic character of some BxNx (x = 2‐11) according to the magnetic criteria of aromaticity has been performed in order to evaluate the response of these indices in the assignment of this property. Vector mapping of the magnetically induced current density; ring current strength analysis; one‐ (FiPC and scans), two‐ (isolines), and three‐dimensional (isosurfaces) NICSzz‐based descriptors; and adaptive natural density partitioning analysis were performed at the PBE0/def2‐TZVP level of theory. The values obtained determined the weak aromatic character for B3N3 and B5N5, antiaromatic character for B4N4, doubly antiaromatic character for B2N2, and nonaromatic character for the remaining clusters. The results show some discrepancies with the ones based on the classical NICS, which can be attributed to in‐plane and core electron contributions. Finally, the presented results reveal the importance of being careful regarding the interpretations given by this index and the need to use one‐, two‐, or three‐dimensional derived methodologies for a complete and correct analysis of (anti)aromaticity.
Best practices for the rational use of water in construction sites in Brazil
Authors: Zeule Ludimilla de Oliveira , Serra Sheyla Mara Baptista , Teixeira José Manuel Cardoso 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEven though water is a scarce resource, not much thought has been given to its proper use during the execution phase of the building, unless this construction site has already acquired sustainability criteria or certification program. The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability practice of the rational use of water and its application in the execution phase of construction sites in Brazil. The research proposes a list of items that facilitates the implementation of sustainability in construction sites by creating a checklist of sustainable practices based on environmental certification programs. This article uses the case study by a qualitative method, which can evaluate the major difficulties and the best occurrences of sustainable practices related to water use in construction sites. This work consists of six projects of various typologies and geographical locations in Brazil. The adoption of this list may serve as a tool for the implementation of sustainability in construction sites and as a benchmark among the companies. Finally, best practices for the rational use of water are proposed at the construction sites.
Forward prediction of early‐time spontaneous imbibition of water in unsaturated rock fractures
Authors: Perfect Edmund , Brabazon Jared W. , Gates Christopher H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpontaneous imbibition is a capillary‐driven phenomenon in which a wetting fluid displaces a nonwetting fluid from voids without any increase in external pressure. This study compared forward predictions of early‐time displacement of air by water within Mode I fractures in 14 low‐porosity rock cores using a new fractal model with those based on an established parallel plate model. Spontaneous imbibition was measured using dynamic neutron radiography, along with independent determinations of equilibrium contact angle, fracture aperture width, and fracture surface fractal dimension, Ds. The predicted uptake curves generally agreed with the experimental data. However, both models overpredicted the height of the wetting front at any given time. This overprediction may be due to lateral losses of wetting fluid to the matrix by spontaneous imbibition through fracture surfaces. The predictions of the fractal model were consistently closer to the observed values than those of the parallel plate model, and for the best cases, their upper and lower confidence intervals bounded the data points. In 12 out of 14 cases, the RMSD for the fractal model was less than that for the parallel plate model. A paired t test indicated that, on average, the RMSD for the fractal model was significantly lower than that for the parallel plate model. This statistically improved prediction can be attributed to the retardation of predicted uptake achieved through the introduction of a fracture surface roughness parameter (i.e., Ds) in the fractal model.
Advances in water treatment technologies for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Existing concepts, emerging trends, and future prospects
Authors: Adeola Adedapo O. , Forbes Patricia B. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, environmental experts have focused on the development of several biological, chemical, physical, and thermal methods/technologies for remediation of PAH‐polluted water. Some of the findings have been applied to field‐scale treatment, while others have remained as prototypes and semi‐pilot studies. Existing treatment options include extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, photocatalytic degradation, and adsorption (employing adsorbents such as biomass derivatives, geosorbents, zeolites, mesoporous silica, polymers, nanocomposites, and graphene‐based materials). Electrokinetic remediation, advanced phytoremediation, green nanoremediation, enhanced remediation using biocatalysts, and integrated approaches are still at the developmental stage and hold great potential. Water is an essential component of the ecosystem and highly susceptible to PAH contamination due to crude oil exploration and spillage, and improper municipal and industrial waste management, yet comprehensive reviews on PAH remediation are only available for contaminated soils, despite the several treatment methods developed for the remediation of PAH‐polluted water. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies, in order to bridge information gaps toward ensuring a green and sustainable remedial approach for PAH‐contaminated aqueous systems.Practitioner points

Comprehensive review of existing and emerging technologies for remediation of PAH‐polluted water.

Factors influencing efficiency of various methods, challenges and merits were discussed.

Green nano‐adsorbents, nano‐oxidants and bio/phytoremediation are desirous for ecofriendly and economical PAH remediation.

Adoption of an integrated approach for the efficient and sustainable remediation of PAH‐contaminated water is recommended.
Signals with six bottom quarks for charged and neutral Higgs bosons
Authors: Dermisek Radovan , Lunghi Enrico , McGinnis Navin , Shin Seodong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In extensions of two Higgs doublet models with vectorlike quarks, the decays of vectorlike quarks may easily be dominated by cascade decays through charged or neutral Higgs bosons leading to signatures with 6 top or bottom quarks. Since top quark decays also contain bottom quarks, a common signature for many possible decay chains is 6 bottom quarks in the final state. We present a search strategy focusing on this final state and find the mass ranges of vectorlike quarks and Higgs bosons that can be explored at the Large Hadron Collider. Among other results, the sensitivity to the charged and neutral Higgs bosons, extending to about 2 TeV, stands out when compared to models without vectorlike matter.
Open quantum systems and Schwinger-Keldysh holograms
Authors: Jana Chandan , Loganayagam R. , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe initiate the study of open quantum field theories using holographic methods. Specifically, we consider a quantum field theory (the system) coupled to a holographic field theory at finite temperature (the environment). We investigate the effects of integrating out the holographic environment with an aim of obtaining an effective dynamics for the resulting open quantum field theory. The influence functionals which enter this open effective action are determined by the real-time (Schwinger-Keldysh) correlation functions of the holographic thermal environment. To evaluate the latter, we exploit recent developments, wherein the semiclassical gravitational Schwinger-Keldysh saddle geometries were identified as complexified black hole spacetimes. We compute real-time correlation functions using holographic methods in these geometries, and argue that they lead to a sensible open effective quantum dynamics for the system in question, a question that hitherto had been left unanswered. In addition to shedding light on open quantum systems coupled to strongly correlated thermal environments, our results also provide a principled computation of Schwinger-Keldysh observables in gravity and holography. In particular, these influence functionals we compute capture both the dissipative physics of black hole quasi- normal modes, as well as that of the fluctuations encoded in outgoing Hawking quanta, and interactions between them. We obtain results for these observables at leading order in a low frequency and momentum expansion in general dimensions, in addition to determining explicit results for two dimensional holographic CFT environments.
Non-minimal M-flation
Authors: Ashoorioon Amjad , Rezazadeh Kazem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show how in a matrix inflationary model in which there is a non-minimal coupling between the matrix inflatons and gravity — hence dubbed Non-M-flation — some of the disadvantages of the minimal model can be avoided. In particular, the number of D3 branes can be reduced substantially to $$ \underset{\sim }{<}\mathcal{O}(100) $$

<
∼

O

100

, which can alleviate the “potential” backreaction problem of large number of D3 branes on the background geometry. This is achieved by values of non-minimal coupling of order few hundred, which is much smaller than that of Higgs Inflation. The prediction of the model in the symmetry breaking part of the potential, which is a local attractor and can support eternal inflation, is compatible with the latest PLANCK results. In contrast to the minimal model, the spectator fields can partially or completely reheat the universe, depending on the symmetry-breaking vacuum expectation value and the non-minimal coupling parameter. We also comment on how the presence of gauge species keep the UV cutoff at around the Planck scale in the Einstein frame and, in contrast to the Higgs inflation, the problem of field displacements beyond the cutoff does not occur.
Laplace–Carleson Embeddings on Model Spaces and Boundedness of Truncated Hankel and Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Partington Jonathan R. , Pott Sandra , Zawiski Radosław 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA characterisation is given of bounded embeddings from weighted $$L^2$$

L
2

spaces on bounded intervals into $$L^2$$

L
2

spaces on the half-plane, induced by isomorphisms given by the Laplace transform onto weighted Hardy and Bergman spaces (Zen spaces). As an application necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the boundedness of truncated Hankel and Toeplitz integral operators, including the weighted case, and on model spaces.
Nonparametric portfolio efficiency measurement with higher moments
Authors: Krüger Jens J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper considers a nonparametric approach to determine portfolio efficiency using specific directions toward the portfolio frontier function. This approach allows for a straightforward incorporation of higher moments of the returns distribution beyond mean and variance. The nonparametric approach is extended by the computation of optimal directions endogenously by maximizing the distance toward the portfolio frontier as a novel methodological feature. An empirical application to Fama–French portfolios demonstrates the applicability of the nonparametric approach. The results show that the optimal directions to the frontier depend on the portfolio considered as well as on the period for which the moments are estimated. Skewness in particular plays a role in determining the optimal direction, whereas kurtosis seems to be less crucial.
Direct approach for optimal allocation of multiple capacitors in distribution systems using novel analytical closed-form expressions
Authors: Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, novel and efficient analytical closed-form expressions are proposed for the optimal allocation of multiple capacitors in distribution systems to maximize the total cost reduction (CR) while considering power losses. The proposed expressions are novel since they can directly solve the allocation problem without requiring iterative processes or optimization algorithms. Specifically, two analytical closed-form expressions are introduced to determine the optimal number, locations, and sizes of multiple capacitors. The first analytical expression computes directly the optimal sizes of multiple capacitors where it is employed for the optimal sizing of capacitors for all possible combinations of locations. In turn, the best combination is then assigned by using a second analytical expression which directly evaluates all the combinations in terms of their contribution in CR. Unlike the existing methods/expressions that utilize sensitivity factors or optimize each capacitor individually, the proposed analytical closed-form expressions involve a unified mathematical model for multiple capacitors. The proposed direct approach is tested using a 69-bus distribution system. The accuracy and efficacy of the proposed analytical closed-form expressions are verified by comparisons with existing methods and intensive simulations of various allocation scenarios.
Alteration of the Condylar Oral Bone in Obese and Gastric Bypass Mice
Authors: Colsoul Nicolas , Marin Carlos , Corbeels Katrien , Kerckhofs Greet , Van der Schueren Bart , Vandamme Katleen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity is the main cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for this obesity-related health problem. However, the adverse effects of T2DM on bone tissue persist or even aggravate after this surgical procedure. As studies on the mandibular condyle bone are scarce, the aim of the present study was to assess its compositional characteristics in T2DM and RYGB conditions. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to receive either a high-fat or low-fat diet. After 14 weeks of high-fat diet intake, seven obese mice were subjected to RYGB surgery. All animals were euthanized at the age of 30 weeks. Mandibular bones were removed and the trabecular condyle region was assessed using Raman spectroscopy. A decreased mineralization was observed for both T2DM and RYGB condyle bones when compared to controls, with elevated carbonate substitutions for the RYGB group. No compositional differences in crystallinity and presence of advanced glycation end products were found between the groups, with the exception of an increased presence of N-carboxymethyl-lysine in RYGB bone compared to their T2DM counterpart. Site-specific measurements revealed a non-uniform bone composition, with increasing mineralization and carbonate substitutions towards the centre of the mandibular condyle. T2DM and RYGB surgery affect the mandibular condyle bone quality, as investigated at compositional level. Assessment of bone structural properties and remodelling should be carried out to further explore the effects of T2DM and RYGB surgery on this skeleton area.
The effects of information relevancy on driving behavior
Authors: Nilsson Henrik , Mullaart Mattias , Strand Niklas , Eriksson Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBus driving is a complex and cognitively challenging task that places high demands on bus drivers’ working memory. Increasing use of “In-Vehicle Information Systems” leads to driver distraction and is a contributing factor to many road accidents globally, and with systems for tickets, navigation, and timetables, bus drivers are more exposed to this additional workload than other actors in the traffic. This study provides insights into how bus drivers’ driving behavior is affected by auditory traffic information through a driving simulator study at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute. A pre-study showed that many bus drivers in Gothenburg experience that a majority of the messages they receive are irrelevant to them. Difference in driving behavior was identified for conditions in which the drivers received messages irrelevant to their route, which might indicate that irrelevancy is an important factor for the workload imposed to the drivers. We hypothesize that irrelevant messages require processing in the visuospatial sketchpad, which might increase workload more than just auditory information processing. The results of this study implies that the routines for traffic communication between traffic controllers and bus drivers should be considerate, as to reduce the number of irrelevant messages that are cognitively loading the bus drivers.
Non-utilization of public healthcare facilities during sickness: a national study in India
Authors: Bagchi Toa , Das Aakashdeep , Dawad Suraya , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims
Healthcare utilization is a major challenge for low- and middle-income countries, especially for the publicly funded facilities. The study has tried to explore the women’s opinion behind the non-utilization of public healthcare facilities in India.

Subjects and methods
This was a cross-sectional study using nationally representative samples of 351,625 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from the 29 States and seven Union Territories. Indian National Family Health Surveys NFHS-4 (2015–2016) was the data source. The respondents were asked why the members of their households do not utilize public healthcare facilities when members of their households are sick. They have options to respond either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Five reasons for non-utilization of public healthcare were asked: (i) ‘there is no nearby facility’; (ii) ‘facility timing is not convenient’; (iii) ‘health personnel are often absent’; (iv) ‘waiting time is too long’; and (v) ‘poor quality of care’.

Results
The majority of the women in India (88%) said that their family members did not use public healthcare facilities. The reasons behind this were 'no nearby facilities' (42.4%), 'inconvenient facility timing' (29.6%), 'poor quality of care' (52.3%), 'health personnel often absent' (16.8%) and 'long waiting time' (39.9%).

Conclusions
importantly, during the last 10 years, the utilization of public health care facilities has dropped significantly, which should be taken seriously as the Indian Parliament has been placing emphasis on equity.
Minimally invasive breast cancer excision using the breast lesion excision system under ultrasound guidance
Authors: Sanderink W. B. G. , Strobbe L. J. A. , Bult P. , Schlooz-Vries M. S. , Lardenoije S. , Venderink D. J. , Sechopoulos I. , Karssemeijer N. , Vreuls W. , Mann R. M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the feasibility of completely excising small breast cancers using the automated, image-guided, single-pass radiofrequency-based breast lesion excision system (BLES) under ultrasound (US) guidance.

Methods
From February 2018 to July 2019, 22 patients diagnosed with invasive carcinomas ≤ 15 mm at US and mammography were enrolled in this prospective, multi-center, ethics board-approved study. Patients underwent breast MRI to verify lesion size. BLES-based excision and surgery were performed during the same procedure. Histopathology findings from the BLES procedure and surgery were compared, and total excision findings were assessed.

Results
Of the 22 patients, ten were excluded due to the lesion being > 15 mm and/or being multifocal at MRI, and one due to scheduling issues. The remaining 11 patients underwent BLES excision. Mean diameter of excised lesions at MRI was 11.8 mm (range 8.0–13.9 mm). BLES revealed ten (90.9%) invasive carcinomas of no special type, and one (9.1%) invasive lobular carcinoma. Histopathological results were identical for the needle biopsy, BLES, and surgical specimens for all lesions. None of the BLES excisions were adequate. Margins were usually compromised on both sides of the specimen, indicating that the excised volume was too small. Margin assessment was good for all BLES specimens. One technical complication occurred (retrieval of an empty BLES basket, specimen retrieved during subsequent surgery).

Conclusions
BLES allows accurate diagnosis of small invasive breast carcinomas. However, BLES cannot be considered as a therapeutic device for small invasive breast carcinomas due to not achieving adequate excision.