bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Johnny Fish-Seed to Hatchery-Bashing to Shaping the Shoal of Aquaculture Stakeholders
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T , Bowker James D , Whelan Gary E , Heindel Jeff A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The American Fisheries Society (AFS) was founded during the early days of North American fish propagation, when pioneering fish culturists first began to coax food and fishing opportunities from pails of eggs and wriggling fry. In the absence of effective regulations and the will to enforce measures to prevent overfishing and habitat loss, fisheries professionals looked to hatcheries to fully address the problem of fisheries in decline. In the intervening decades, it became clear that hatcheries were not a panacea, but could be an effective tool for both enhancement and recovery. Fish culture has been practiced in North America for well over 150 years. Thanks partly to AFS and its members, why and how we propagate fish has changed dramatically during that time. In this piece, we briefly recount the history of North American fish culture, how AFS has influenced our understanding and use of hatcheries and hatchery-origin fish, and provide a glimpse of what transformations may yet await fish culturists.
The effects of enzymatically aided acid‐swelling process on gelatin extracted from fish by‐products
Authors: Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh , Yazdani‐Dehnavi Marzieh , Mirzapour‐Kouhdasht Armin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the enzymatic aided acid‐swelling process on gelatin obtained from fish by‐products. For this purpose, gelatin was extracted by an acidic swelling procedure in the presence of protease extracted from Rainbow trout pyloric caeca. The yield of gelatin extraction and the most important physicochemical characteristics of the fish gelatin samples were investigated and compared with those of commercial bovine gelatin (CBG). The yields of gelatin from Epinephelus coioides skin (ESG) either with or without crude protease from pyloric caeca (15 units/g alkaline treated) were 14.98% and 50.89%, respectively. The yields of gelatin from Cyprinus carpio scales (CSG) with crude protease from pyloric caeca (15 units/g) were 49.97%. The gel strength of the CSG (259.66 g) was significantly higher than that of CBG (228.30 g) and ESG (187.75 g). Similarly, the gelling and melting points, foaming capacity and stability, and the SDS‐PAGE pattern of gelatins were compared. The electrophoretic pattern confirmed the results of gel strength which was due to the narrower alpha and beta bands in fish skin and commercial bovine gelatins than that of fish scales gelatin. The results of this research showed that the production of high‐quality gelatin can be achieved by the enzymatically aided acid‐swelling procedure from fish scales and skin.
Spatially coherent and topographically organized pathways of the human globus pallidus
Authors: Bertino Salvatore , Basile Gianpaolo Antonio , Bramanti Alessia , Anastasi Giuseppe Pio , Quartarone Angelo , Milardi Demetrio , Cacciola Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInternal and external segments of globus pallidus (GP) exert different functions in basal ganglia circuitry, despite their main connectional systems share the same topographical organization, delineating limbic, associative, and sensorimotor territories. The identification of internal GP sensorimotor territory has therapeutic implications in functional neurosurgery settings. This study is aimed at assessing the spatial coherence of striatopallidal, subthalamopallidal, and pallidothalamic pathways by using tractography‐derived connectivity‐based parcellation (CBP) on high quality diffusion MRI data of 100 unrelated healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project. A two‐stage hypothesis‐driven CBP approach has been carried out on the internal and external GP. Dice coefficient between functionally homologous pairs of pallidal maps has been computed. In addition, reproducibility of parcellation according to different pathways of interest has been investigated, as well as spatial relations between connectivity maps and existing optimal stimulation points for dystonic patients. The spatial organization of connectivity clusters revealed anterior limbic, intermediate associative and posterior sensorimotor maps within both internal and external GP. Dice coefficients showed high degree of coherence between functionally similar maps derived from the different bundles of interest. Sensorimotor maps derived from the subthalamopallidal pathway resulted to be the nearest to known optimal pallidal stimulation sites for dystonic patients. Our findings suggest that functionally homologous afferent and efferent connections may share similar spatial territory within the GP and that subcortical pallidal connectional systems may have distinct implications in the treatment of movement disorders.
Unsupervised clustering of dopamine transporter PET imaging discovers heterogeneity of parkinsonism
Authors: Suh Minseok , Im Jin Hee , Choi Hongyoon , Kim Han‐Joon , Cheon Gi Jeong , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParkinsonism has heterogeneous nature, showing distinctive patterns of disease progression and prognosis. We aimed to find clusters of parkinsonism based on 18F‐fluoropropyl‐carbomethoxyiodophenylnortropane (FP‐CIT) PET as a data‐driven approach to evaluate heterogenous dopaminergic neurodegeneration patterns. Two different cohorts of patients who received FP‐CIT PET were collected. A labeled cohort (n = 94) included patients with parkinsonism who underwent a clinical follow‐up of at least 3 years (mean 59.0 ± 14.6 months). An unlabeled cohort (n = 813) included all FP‐CIT PET data of a single‐center. All PET data were clustered by a dimension reduction method followed by hierarchical clustering. Four distinct clusters were defined according to the imaging patterns. When the diagnosis of the labeled cohort of 94 patients was compared with the corresponding cluster, parkinsonism patients were mostly included in two clusters, cluster “0” and “2.” Specifically, patients with progressive supranuclear palsy were significantly more included in cluster 0. The two distinct clusters showed significantly different clinical features. Furthermore, even in PD patients, two clusters showed a trend of different clinical features. We found distinctive clusters of parkinsonism based on FP‐CIT PET‐derived heterogeneous neurodegeneration patterns, which were associated with different clinical features. Our results support a biological underpinning for the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration in parkinsonism.
The contralateral based submental island flap for reconstruction of tongue and floor of mouth defects: Reliability and oncological outcome
Authors: Amin Ayman A. , Jamali Omer M. , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Rifaat Mohamed A. , Zedan Mohamed H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubmental artery island flap (SIF) is a viable alternative to free flaps for selected oral‐cavity defects, however, concerns about its oncologic safety still exists. A novel harvesting technique and its outcome is described in here.MethodsThis is a prospective study for patients with lateralized oral tongue and/or floor of mouth (FOM) cancers who undergone reconstruction using pedicled SIF based on contralateral submental vessels (CSIF) following resection.ResultsForty‐one patients were included. Twenty‐four patients had T2, 13 had T3, and 4 had T1 tumors. The largest flap skin paddle was 15 × 9 cm. One patient sustained complete and five sustained partial flap loss. Three patients developed tongue tethering. Median follow‐up was 13.6 months. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 11 patients (26.8%); 6 oral‐cavity recurrences (14.6%), 6 ipsilateral, and 1 contralateral neck recurrences (2.4%).ConclusionCSIF is a reliable flap that addresses the oncologic controversy and overcomes the disadvantages of ipsilateral flap.
A phase 1 study to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the addition of ropeginterferon alpha‐2b to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) not achieving a deep molecular response (molecular remission 4.5)—AGMT_CML 1
Authors: Heibl Sonja , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Schmidt Stefan , Webersinke Gerald , Lion Thomas , Piringer Gudrun , Kuehr Thomas , Wolf Dominik , Melchardt Thomas , Greil Richard , Thaler Josef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe goal of current management of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is to reach treatment‐free remission with sustained deep molecular remission (DMR) being the prerequisite therefor. Second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors can induce deeper and faster remission than imatinib, but are often associated with severe adverse events (AEs). The combination of pegylated interferon (IFN) with imatinib was shown to induce higher molecular remissions than imatinib alone in two studies. Treatment discontinuation rates due to IFN induced AEs were high in both studies. To investigate safety, tolerability (primary objective), and efficacy (secondary objective) of the combination of imatinib with ropeginterferon alpha‐2b this phase I study was initiated. Twelve patients were planned to be enrolled. Nine patients completed the study according to protocol. Three patients terminated the study early, one due to occurrence of a dose‐limiting toxicity (neutropenia grade 3), one due to an AE (panic attacks grade 2) and one due to the patient's decision. Tolerability was good, non‐hematologic AEs were mainly grade 1/2, hematologic AEs were mainly neutropenias. No new AEs were reported for the combination of imatinib and ropeginterferon alpha‐2b. In a nondose‐dependent manner the addition of ropeginterferon alpha‐2b led to the achievement of a DMR in four out of nine patients after a treatment duration of 18 months. The combination of imatinib and ropeginterferon alpha‐2b is safe and showed in this phase I study the ability to deepen the molecular response in patients with chronic phase CML not achieving a DMR with imatinib alone.
Post‐mammographic screening behaviour: A survey investigating what women do after being told they have dense breasts
Authors: Darcey Ellie , Hunt Emma Jane , Keogh Louise , McLean Kirsty , Saunders Christobel , Thompson Sandra , Woulfe Catherine , Wylie Elizabeth , Stone Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedDespite widespread calls for women undergoing mammographic screening to be informed of their breast density, concerns remain as to how this is interpreted and acted upon given the absence of evidence‐based supplemental screening recommendations for women with dense breasts. This study investigates the action women take in response to being notified they have dense breasts and what subsequent advice women receive from health professionals.MethodsVia a survey of nearly 7000 women, we assessed the post‐screening actions of women attending a population‐based mammographic screening program (BreastScreen) in Western Australia from 21 November 2017 to 19 April 2018. Women who reported that they were notified they had dense breasts were compared to controls (where applicable). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to summarise responses from 6,183 women.ResultsHalf of women notified that they have dense breasts consulted or intended to consult their General Practitioner (GP), particularly those notified for the first time (55%). Of those notified women who consulted their GP, 50% were referred to have supplemental screening. Overall, 20% of women notified as having dense breasts reported that they had an ultrasound due to their breast density.ConclusionSelf‐reported health service usage after mammographic screening is higher in women who have been notified they have dense breasts.So what? There is growing pressure for screening programs in Australia and internationally to routinely measure and report breast density to participants. Results from this study can inform screening programs of the likely impact of breast density notification on health service usage. While more information is needed to fill knowledge gaps in recommended action for women with dense breasts, the greatest risks to women arise from not being screened. Hence, health promotion practitioners and health providers should continue to encourage women to participate in BreastScreen programs.
Medical cost trends under national health insurance benefit extension in Republic of Korea
Authors: An Jinha , Kim Sukil 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis study examines whether the burden of medical expenses on households has gradually decreased since South Korea began implementing benefit expansion policies to strengthen health insurance coverage. Using Korea's Household Income & Expenditure Survey from 1995 to 2014, the annual average monthly household expenditures and the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) indicator were analyzed. The latter is an indicator of household impoverishment resulting from out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenditures exceeding a defined threshold proportion of the household's income. Through descriptive and frequency data analyses and using P‐values, the annual trends and differences in absolute values and share of CHE prevalence across households were measured. The study finds that the proportion of income spent on medical expenses increased from 2.47% (1995) to 4.94% (2014) on average. CHE also increased 3.6 times, 6.3 times, 9.8 times, and 11.1 times for assumed threshold sizes of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The lowest income group had the highest increase in CHE incidence. These results suggest that the benefit extension policy has lowered medical use thresholds and led to an increase in medical resource use. Therefore, the Ministries of Health and Welfare, and of Economy and Finance should collaborate to design policies for vulnerable groups.
Towards an immunization perfect model?
Authors: De La Peña Joseba Iñaki , Iturricastillo Iván , Moreno Rafael , Román Francisco , Trigo Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunization is an investment strategy often used by insurance companies. Usually, this strategy takes into account the first‐ and second‐order of Taylor series (Duration and Convexity). However, the model itself has risk because of the difference between the real and estimated value via duration and convexity approximation. Therefore, the aim of this article is to find a better immunization model avoiding the effect of unexpected interest rate shocks by adding more terms of Taylor series to an immunization strategy. As criteria of efficiency, the paper checks the effect of interest rate risk in several immunization models upon a 99.5% confidence level (risk level of 1 in 200 scenarios), as required by Solvency II in Europe, to determine a better immunization strategy. This work analyses the skewness and, consequently, the fitness of adding third‐ and fourth‐order Taylor series. The main finding is that the model with four factors avoids the influence of interest rate shocks. Therefore, the capital on risk in near zero.
Comparative analysis of economic growth in Nigeria and Kenya: A fractional integration approach
Authors: Awe Olushina O , Mudida Robert , Gil‐Alana Luis A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper is a comparative analysis of Nigeria and Kenya, the largest economies in West and East Africa respectively, on the basis of the time series properties of their economic activities through the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rate series. It further analyses how differing policy and political economy processes contributed to the two countries' economic growth trajectories despite becoming independent republics at almost the same time. We study the two economies using a long‐memory‐fractionally integrated approach. The results show a high degree of persistence in both cases. When non‐linearities are taken into account, evidence of mean reversion is found in the GDP series in the two countries. This is indicative of how the two countries in very distinct African contexts followed broadly different but, in some ways, similar paths toward economic growth since independence.
Influence of financial literacy on retail investors' decisions in relation to return, risk and market analysis
Authors: Prasad Swati , Kiran Ravi , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvestors differ in their decisions with respect to risk, returns and market analysis. The present study attempts to examine the influence of financial literacy on retail investors' decisions in relation to return, risk and market analysis. The study uses convenience sampling to collect data from the retail investors through stock brokerage managers. Factor analysis has been employed for understanding factors of financial literacy. Financial literacy is composed of Accounting Information; Market Information; Broad Overview; and Technical Knowledge. The factors of Investment decisions are: Return Analytics; Risk Analytics; and Market. The risk and return analytics have stronger impact on investors decision than market analytics. PLS SEM has been employed for examining relation between financial literacy and Investment decision. The results suggest a significant positive relation between financial literacy and investment decision.
Implied and realized volatility: A study of distributions and the distribution of difference
Authors: Moghaddam M. Dashti , Liu Jiong , Serota R. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study distributions of realized variance (squared realized volatility) and squared implied volatility, as represented by VIX and VXO indices. We find that generalized beta distribution provide the best fits. These fits are much more accurate for realized variance than for squared VIX and VXO—possibly another indicator that the latter have deficiencies in predicting the former. We also show that there are noticeable differences between the distributions of the 1970–2017 realized variance and its 1990–2017 portion, for which VIX and VXO became available. This may be indicative of a feedback effect that implied volatility has on realized volatility. We also discuss the distribution of the difference between squared implied volatility and realized variance and show that, at the basic level, it is consistent with Pearson's correlations obtained from linear regression.
Is there a systemic risk between Sharia, Sukuk, and GCC stock markets? A ΔCoVaR risk metric‐based copula approach
Authors: Al‐Yahyaee Khamis Hamed , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Mensi Walid , Yoon Seong‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines the dependence structure and systemic risk concerning Sukuk, Sharia, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets. We first use copula functions to investigate the dependence structure between these markets, and subsequently, apply the conditional value‐at‐risk (CoVaR) and delta CoVaR (∆CoVaR) to assess the systemic risk. Results show evidence of time‐varying symmetric tail dependence between Islamic stock markets and GCC stock markets, except for Saudi Arabia in which an average tail dependence is observed. Sukuk has symmetric tail dependence with Bahrain, Oman, and Abu Dhabi; average dependence with Qatar and Saudi Arabia; and asymmetric tail dependence with Dubai and Kuwait. Importantly, no evidence of systemic risk for Islamic (DJIM and Sukuk) and Gulf stock markets was found.
A large constrained time‐varying portfolio selection model withDCC‐MIDAS: Evidence from Chinese stock market
Authors: Xu Qifa , Zuo Junqing , Jiang Cuixia , He Yaoyao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo solve a large portfolio selection, we propose a novel norm constrained time‐varying minimum variance model with DCC‐MIDAS, labelled as NC‐MVP‐DCC‐MIDAS. It applies the DCC‐MIDAS model to improve the estimation of dynamic correlations among financial assets by exploiting rich information contained in mixed frequency data. Additionally, it imposes norm constraints on the minimum variance portfolio with the elastic‐net penalty to pick a reasonable number of assets and prevent extreme positions in the resulting portfolio. Its superiority is illustrated via empirical studies on the construction of optimal sparse and stable portfolios with the constituent stocks in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) 50 Index of China.
Does bank regulatory requirements affect risk‐taking behaviour of private banks in Ethiopia?
Authors: Ayele Getaneh Mihret 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of monetary policy instruments on bank risk‐taking behaviour of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Using Panel Dynamic OLS estimator, the empirical results suggested that private banks would take more risks in response to lower regulatory capital ratio, lower reserve requirements, the expansion of domestic credit, and large real asset size in the long run. In addition, the dynamic causal interactions showed that bank risk‐taking Granger causes only bank size in the system, but both capital adequacy and liquidity ratio Granger causes bank risk‐taking and bank size. With estimation results of generalized impulse function, bank risk have generally have a positive shock in response to regulatory capital ratio while a negative shock in response to liquidity for the first two periods. The variance decomposition results also suggested that all variables are relatively exogenous, and the forecast error for all variables is largely explained by their own innovations.
Corporate governance and earnings management: A quantile regression approach
Authors: Feng Zhi‐Yuan , Huang Hua‐Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of corporate governance (CG) on earnings management (EM) have been debated for many years. Thus, this paper explores this issue in a novel way that utilizes a quantile regression to revisit the association between CG mechanisms and EM. We find that a non‐uniform relation between CG mechanisms and EM for non‐financial U.S. firms does exist from 2007 to 2015. Specifically, the empirical evidence documents that CG mechanisms can effectively constrain earning manipulation among firms with higher discretionary accruals (High EM). However, this effect becomes insignificant for firms with medium and low levels of discretionary accruals (Low EM). The quantile‐varying results provide further support for the theoretical viewpoint that the CG mechanism can serve as an effective tool for supervising management in the financial accounting process but only in the case of firms with aggressive EM behaviour.
SMARCAL1, the annealing helicase and the transcriptional co‐regulator
Authors: Bansal Ritu , Hussain Saddam , Chanana Upasana Bedi , Bisht Deepa , Goel Isha , Muthuswami Rohini 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling proteins play an important role in DNA repair. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used for myriad functions ranging from nucleosome repositioning and nucleosome eviction to histone variant exchange. In addition, the distant member of the family, SMARCAL1, uses the energy to reanneal stalled replication forks in response to DNA damage. Biophysical studies have shown that this protein has the unique ability to recognize and bind specifically to DNA structures possessing double‐strand to single‐strand transition regions. Mutations in SMARCAL1 have been linked to Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder that exhibits variable penetrance and expressivity. It has long been hypothesized that the variable expressivity and pleiotropic phenotypes observed in the patients might be due to the ability of SMARCAL1 to co‐regulate the expression of a subset of genes within the genome. Recently, the role of SMARCAL1 in regulating transcription has been delineated. In this review, we discuss the biophysical and functional properties of the protein that help it to transcriptionally co‐regulate DNA damage response as well as to bind to the stalled replication fork and stabilize it, thus ensuring genomic stability. We also discuss the role of SMARCAL1 in cancer and the possibility of using this protein as a chemotherapeutic target.