bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoform-specific Activities of Androgen Receptor and its Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Nagandla Harika , Robertson Matthew J , Putluri Vasanta , Putluri Nagireddy , Coarfa Cristian , Weigel Nancy L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling continues to drive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in spite of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Constitutively active shorter variants of AR, lacking the ligand binding domain, are frequently expressed in CRPC and have emerged as a potential mechanism for prostate cancer to escape ADT. ARv7 and ARv567es are 2 of the most commonly detected variants of AR in clinical samples of advanced, metastatic prostate cancer. It is not clear if variants of AR merely act as weaker substitutes for AR or can mediate unique isoform-specific activities different from AR. In this study, we employed LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines with inducible expression of ARv7 or ARv567es to delineate similarities and differences in transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics resulting from the activation of AR, ARv7, or ARv567es. While the majority of target genes were similarly regulated by the action of all 3 isoforms, we found a clear difference in transcriptomic activities of AR versus the variants, and a few differences between ARv7 and ARv567es. Some of the target gene regulation by AR isoforms was similar in the VCaP background as well. Differences in downstream activities of AR isoforms were also evident from comparison of the metabolome and lipidome in an LNCaP model. Overall our study implies that shorter variants of AR are capable of mediating unique downstream activities different from AR and some of these are isoform specific.
Synthesis of Polymers with Regulated Repeating Structures by Utilizing Chain Walking Strategy
Authors: Takeuchi Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pd-catalyzed reaction of olefins is sometimes accompanied by isomerization of the Pd center along the aliphatic chain (chain walking). The chain walking reaction enables synthesis of polyolefins with regulated structure, via C-C bond formation between vinyl or vinylene groups with the carbon atom at a remote position of the olefin monomers. The chain walking reaction also allows synthesis of poly(arylene alkenylene)s by three-component polycondensation of diiodoarenes, non-conjugated dienes and nucleophiles. Polycondensation of diols, diacids, and diamines with long alkylene chain, obtained by chain-walking alkoxycarbonylation, affords long-chain polyesters and polyamides.
Three years mortality analysis in general surgery patients
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Bukhari Hina , Qureshi M Shamim 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Surgical patient mortality is progressively being measured for providing better management and care in different healthcare systems world-wide. The aim of this study was to assess mortality within a surgical department and to evaluate components associated with surgical and non- surgical deaths.
Methods: We retrospectively collected data including all admissions, both operative and non-operative, surgical procedures and reason of admission (for non-operative) and mortalities within three-year period (2015-2017) from Surgical Unit-2, JPMC Karachi. We assessed type of operations, admission, patient related factors including age, sex, co-morbid factors, reason, time and onset of presentation, operative notes, events, clinical cause and date/ time of death.
Results: The total admissions of 5730 patients were observed in surgical ward-2 during the period of 1st of January 2015 and 31st of December 2017. There were a total of 291 deaths during this period (5.07% overall mortality rate). GIT related (peritonitis/ obstruction) (58.41%), biliarytract/ pancreatic causes (10.9%), road traffic accidents/ blunt trauma (7.21%), firearm injuries (1.71%) followed by GIT malignancies (4.81%) and Non-GIT malignancies (2.06%) were observed to be the main/ leading causes of death. Of the 291 deaths, males were 179 (6.70%) and females were 112 (3.66%). Male to female ratio of morality came out to be 1.6:1. The cause of death in our patients was sepsis (58.41%), cardiopulmonary arrest (13.0%), trauma/ gunshot injuries 8.93%, advanced malignancies (6.87%), pulmonary embolism (6.18%), myocardial infarction (5.49%) and post op bleeding (1.03%). Mortality due to delayed presentation of patient i.e. after five days of onset of symptoms (62.88%), Surgical decision/ exploration after 24 hours (33.67%). The lack of availability of ICU/ HDU in hospital contributed (51.01%) to the total surgical mortality.
Conclusions: As per the study of three years (2015-2017) a fluctuating mortality pattern is observed. The increment of death was mainly among the unavoidable deaths such as GIT and Non GIT related sepsis, advanced malignancies, trauma and firearm injuries, pulmonary embolism myocardial infarction, a moderate role has also been played by miscellaneous group of patients. Delayed presentation of the patients after appearance of first symptom/ symptoms, delayed surgical decision/ exploration also came out to be significantly important factors in our studies elaborating the major difference in mortality rate.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2040
How to cite this:Kumar D, Bukhari H, Qureshi S. Three years mortality analysis in general surgery patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):229-233. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2040
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Echocardiographic assessment before and after Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy in patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Khan Adnan , Shafiq Ihtesham , Jan Muneeb , Hassan Zair 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine the changes produced in mitral valve morphology after Percutaneous Trans-Venous Mitral Commissurotomy.
Methods: Patients with mitral stenosis who underwent PTMC at the cardiology department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from 2006-2016 were included in this study. All the data were manually obtained from the electronic medical record (M.F.E.). Wilkin’s echocardiographic scoring system was used to assess the severity of mitral valve thickness, leaflet mobility, valvular calcification, and Subvalvular disease. The student t-test was used for mean comparison. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Of the total 229 patients, males were 96(41.9%), and females were 133(58.1%). The mean [SD] age of the patients was 25 ± 11years. The total Wilkin score was 7 ±1.5. 151(65.9%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III, and 78(34.1%) were in NYHA class IV. There was no immediate change after PTMC in systolic myocardial velocities (SV) measured at the lateral tricuspid annulus. The 2D mitral valve area increased from 0.98±0.94 cm2 to 1.78 ± 0.44 cm2 (P=0.001). Left Atrium diameter was 5.16±0.75 mm prior to PTMC, significantly decreased to 4.7± 0.7 mm (p=0.005) after PTMC. Ejection fraction (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) changed from 60.45± 8.25 mm Hg to 62.76±10 mm Hg (p=0.001). Mean Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction (RVEF) of patients before PTMC was 48.7 ± 4.7%, did not change significantly immediately after PTMC.
Conclusion: PTMC is associated with significant changes in mitral valve morphology in terms of splitting of the fused mitral commissures, increased MVA, improved leaflet excursion, and splitting of the subvalvular structures.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2446
How to cite this:Khan A, Shafiq I, Jan M, Hassan Z. Echocardiographic assessment before and after Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy in patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):104-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2446
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of intra-axial gliomas
Authors: Munir Sohbia , Khan Sohail Ahmed , Hanif Hina , Khan Maria 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of intra-axial gliomas in suspected cases keeping histopathology as gold standard.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow Institute of Radiology, DUHS from October 2017 - April 2018. Patients of either gender aged 30-70 years presenting with headache were included. Patients already diagnosed and referred for follow up were excluded. MRI was performed on 1.5T scanner by a trained MRI technician. T1, T2, FLAIR, diffusion weighted and T1 post contrast images were acquired and reviewed by two radiologists having more than five years post fellowship experience. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of MRI for intraaxial gliomas was calculated taking histopathology findings as gold standard.
Results: Mean age of the patient`s was 51.71 ±10.85 years. Positive intraaxial gliomas on MRI were observed in 123 (79.90%) patients while on histopathology, positive intraaxial gliomas were observed in 131 (85.10%) patients. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detection of intra-axial gliomas taking histopathology findings as gold standard showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy as 89.31%, 73.91%, 95.12%, 54.84% and 87.01%.
Conclusions: MRI has high sensitivity, moderate specificity and high diagnostic accuracy in detection of intraaxial gliomas.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2489
How to cite this:Munir S, Khan SA, Hanif H, Khan M. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of intra-axial gliomas. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):125-130. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2489
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Efficacy of YAG Laser Embolysis in Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Mehboob Mohammad Asim , Khan Asfandyar , Mukhtar Ahsan 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the anatomical and functional success between conventional medical method and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser embolysis in retinal artery occlusion.
Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) Rawalpindi from July 2018 to May 2020. A total of 14 eyes of 14 patients were received with fovea involving branch or hemiretinal artery occlusion within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. They were divided randomly in two groups. Initial treatment was given to all cases, and seven eyes received Nd:YAG laser treatment for embolysis. Both groups were analysed for anatomical success (reperfusion) and functional success (defined as improvement in visual acuity to better than 6/60 on Snellen’s visual acuity chart from baseline visual acuity).
Results: In conventional group, anatomical success was achieved in 2 (28.6%) eyes, while significant visual improvement was seen in 3 (42.8%) eyes. In Nd:YAG laser embolysis group, anatomical success was achieved in 5 (71.4%) eyes, while significant visual improvement was seen in 6 (85.7%) eyes. All eyes which showed functional improvement underwent Nd:YAG laser embolysis within 6 hours of onset of symptoms.
Conclusions: Nd:YAG laser embolysis is more effective in management of fovea threatening retinal artery occlusion, as compared to conventional medical treatment, if performed within six hours of onset of symptoms.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3196
How to cite this:Mehboob MA, Khan A, Mukhtar A. Efficacy of YAG Laser Embolysis in Retinal Artery Occlusion. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):71-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3196
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Rationale and design of a complex intervention measuring the impact and processes of social accountability applied to contraceptive programming: CaPSAI Project
Authors: Steyn Petrus S , Boydell Victoria , Cordero Joanna Paula , McMullen Heather , Habib Ndema , Nguyen Thi My Huong , Nai Dela , Shamba Donat , Kiarie James ,   CaPSAI Project
Published: December 2020

Background: There are numerous barriers leading to a high unmet need for family planning and contraceptives (FP/C). These include limited knowledge and information, poor access to quality services, structural inefficiencies in service provision and inadequately trained and supervised health professionals. Recently, social accountability programs have shown promising results in addressing barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services. As a highly complex participatory process with multiple and interrelated components, steps and actors, studying social accountability poses methodological challenges. The Community and Provider driven Social Accountability Intervention (CaPSAI) Project study protocol was developed to measure the impact of a social accountability intervention on contraceptive uptake and use and to understand the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence and generate these effects (with emphasis on health services actors and community members). Methods: CaPSAI Project is implementing a social accountability intervention where service users and providers assess the quality of local FP/C services and jointly identify ways to improve the delivery and quality of such services. In the project, a quasi-experimental study utilizing an interrupted time series design with a control group is conducted in eight intervention and eight control facilities in each study country, which are Ghana and Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey of service users and health care providers is used to measure social accountability outcomes, and a cohort of women who are new users of FP/C is followed up after the completion of the intervention to measure contraceptive use and continuation. The process evaluation utilizes a range of methods and data sources to enable a fuller description of how the findings were produced. Conclusion: This complex study design could provide researchers and implementers with the means to better measure and understand the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence social accountability processes in reproductive health, adding important findings to the evidence base.
CEASM, A ESCOLA COM PARTIDO.
Authors: Silva Lourenço Cezar da 
Published: December 2020

RESUMO:Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa em andamento com pesquisadores da Maré, no Rio de Janeiro, sobre educação em espaço não formal. O nome desse grupo é NEPS – Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa Sociais da Maré e trata dos problemas nas Favelas e como a Ong. CEASM – Centro de Estudos e Ações Solidárias da Maré, vem há 23 anos atuando na formação de novos quadros de militantes de causas sociais e como eles lutam pela garantia de direitos e, no atual momento, para o combate a pandemia da COVID-19. Essa instituição tem dentre seus egressos mais conhecidos a Vereadora assassinada em 2018, Marielle Franco e a atual Presidenta da Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Alerj, Renata Sousa.
Bolsonarismo, conservadorismo e direitos humanos: analisando o papel da ideologia política como condicionante ao pleno exercício dos direitos humanos no Brasil contemporâneo | Bolsonarism, conservatism and human rights: analyzing the role of political ideology as a restriction to the full exercise of human rights in contemporary Brazil
Authors: Ramos Guilherme Antunes 
Published: December 2020

O artigo problematiza a situação dos direitos humanos no Brasil em face do advento de uma ideologia conservadora que nega a universalidade que inspira ditos direitos. Argumenta-se que a ideologia política se apresenta como um embaraço à aplicabilidade dos direitos humanos na condição de direitos pretensamente universais. Para corroborar esse argumento, são analisados dois casos considerados ilustrativos da interveniência da ideologia nas novas políticas de direitos humanos durante o governo de Jair Bolsonaro, a saber, a reversão da decisão brasileira de aderir ao Pacto Global para a Migração e a instrução conferida a diplomatas e demais representantes do Brasil no exterior de defender, em foros internacionais, o entendimento de que a palavra gênero traduz tão somente o sexo biológico de um indivíduo. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho exploratório, que aborda possíveis reveses no tocante a temas atinentes aos direitos humanos provocados pelo recrudescimento de posições conservadoras.Palavras-chave: direitos humanos; conservadorismo; governo Jair Bolsonaro.ABSTRACTThe article discusses the condition of human rights in Brazil in the face of a conservative ideology that denies the universality that characterizes such rights. It is argued that political ideology presents itself as a barrier to the applicability of human rights as understood as allegedly universal. In order to sustain this argument, two cases considered to be illustrative of ideological intervenience in the new policies directed towards human rights under the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro are analyzed, the reversal of the brazilian decision to be a part of the Global Compact for Migration and the instruction given to diplomats and other brazilian representatives abroad to sustain, in international forums, the undertanding that gender is restricted to a biological condition. It is an exploratory essay that analyzes possible setbacks related to human rights topics in Brazil, driven by the escalation of conservative positions.Keywords: human rights; conservatism; presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. Recebido em 30 jan. 2020 | Aceito em 08 jun. 2020.
Relações Internacionais e Pensamento Ocidental/Moderno-Colonial: Balanços e Perspectivas | International Relations and Western/Modern-colonial thinking: balances and perspectives
Authors: Amorim de Souza Jerfferson 
Published: December 2020

A predominância do pensamento Ocidental/moderno-colonial no campo das Relações Internacionais tem despertado críticas de estudiosos vinculados ao Pensamento Decolonial e a outras matrizes de conhecimento. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma sistematização da fundamentação filosófica-epistemológica da crítica decolonial ao pensamento moderno e sua repercussão nas Relações Internacionais e, a partir dessas contribuições, propor uma aproximação com alguns estudos que, fora do âmbito da colonialidade, discutem a predominância de um pensamento ocidental na disciplina. Como consequência da aproximação entre esses saberes diversos, apresentamos alguns balanços e perspectivas para a área: a necessidade de conexão entre epistemologia-ética-política; a reabilitação de conhecimentos e modos de conhecer não-Ocidentais sem renunciar ao método científico; uma visão não ingênua que leve em conta as questões de poder; e uma articulação entre saber e poder, teoria e política para uma práxis situada e histórica vertida à realidade internacional.Palavras-chave: Racionalidade moderna; pensamento decolonial; epistemologia. ABSTRACTThe predominance of Western / modern-colonial thought in the field of International Relations has aroused criticism from scholars linked to Decolonial Thought and other knowledge matrices. This work aims to present a systematization of the philosophical-epistemological foundation of the decolonial critique of modern thought and its repercussion in International Relations and, based on these contributions, propose an approximation with some studies that, outside the scope of coloniality, discuss the predominance of a western thought in the discipline. As a consequence of the approximation between these diverse knowledges, we present some balances and perspectives for the area: the need for a connection between epistemology-ethics-politics; the rehabilitation of non-Western knowledge and ways of knowing without giving up the scientific method; a non-naive view that takes into account issues of power; and an articulation between knowledge and power, theory and politics for a situated and historical praxis turned to the international reality.Keywords: Modern rationality; decolonial thinking; epistemology. Recebido em: 29 jul. 2020 | Aceito em: 18 nov. 2020
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Masquerading as Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Abulaimoun Sawsan , Abushalha Kamelah , Reddymasu Savio , Teruya Bryan , Natarajan Nagendra 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. Timely diagnosis can be challenging, and prompt treatment is the only hope for survival. We present an adult patient with a history of alcohol dependence, who presented with fatigue, bilateral lower extremity edema, and orange-colored urine. Clinical workup revealed abnormal liver function tests, elevated ferritin, cytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Eventually, he was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case report encourages gastroenterologists to maintain a high index of suspicion when a patient presents with liver failure, hyperferritinemia, and cytopenia because they may be the first healthcare professionals to evaluate these patients.
Autoimmune Gastritis Treated With Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Harb Ali H. , Vemulapalli Roopa , Gopal Purva , Park Jason Y. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune gastritis is an inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa. We report a 64-year-old woman with chronic abdominal pain of 3-year duration. Endoscopic and histologic evaluation revealed autoimmune pangastritis. The gastritis was partially responsive to steroids but attempts to taper failed, and the patient had no relief from mercaptopurine, adalimumab, budesonide, or hydroxychloroquine. The patient was treated with mycophenolate mofetil which resulted in resolution of symptoms. Endoscopic and histologic examination after mycophenolate therapy showed near complete resolution of active inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of symptomatic autoimmune gastritis successfully treated by mycophenolate mofetil.