bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a novel Compressed SENSE accelerated 3D modified relaxation-enhanced angiography without contrast and triggering with CE-MRA in imaging of the thoracic aorta
Authors: Pennig Lenhard , Wagner Anton , Weiss Kilian , Lennartz Simon , Huntgeburth Michael , Hickethier Tilman , Maintz David , Naehle Claas Philip , Bunck Alexander Christian , Doerner Jonas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo compare a novel Compressed SENSE accelerated ECG- and respiratory-triggered flow-independent 3D isotropic Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography without Contrast and Triggering (modified REACT) with standard non-ECG-triggered 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) for imaging of the thoracic aorta in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) or other aortic diseases using manual and semiautomatic measurement approaches. This retrospective, single-center analysis of 30 patients (June–December 2018) was conducted by two radiologists, who independently measured aortic diameters on modified REACT and CE-MRA using manual (Multiplanar-Reconstruction) and semiautomatic (Advanced Vessel Analysis) measurement tools on seven levels (inner edge): Aortic annulus and sinus, sinotubular junction, mid- and high-ascending aorta, aortic isthmus, and descending aorta. Bland–Altman analysis was conducted to evaluate differences between the mean values of aortic width and ICCs were calculated to assess interobserver agreement. For each level, image quality was evaluated on a four-point scale in consensus with Wilcoxon matched-pair test used to evaluate for differences between both MRA techniques. Additionally, evaluation time for each measurement technique was noted, which was compared applying one-way ANOVA. When comparing both imaging and measurement methods, CE-MRA (mean difference 0.24 ± 0.27 mm) and the AVA-tool (− 0.21 ± 0.15 mm) yielded higher differences compared to modified REACT (− 0.11 ± 0.11 mm) and the MPR-tool (0.07 ± 0.21 mm) for all measurement levels combined without yielding clinical significance. There was an excellent interobserver agreement between modified REACT and CE-MRA using both tools of measurement (ICC > 0.9). Modified REACT (average acquisition time 06:34 ± 01:36 min) provided better image quality from aortic annulus to mid-ascending aorta (p < 0.05), whereas at distal measurement levels, no significant differences were noted. Regarding time requirement, no statistical significance was found between both measurement techniques (p = 0.08). As a novel non-CE-MRA technique, modified REACT allows for fast imaging of the thoracic aorta with higher image quality in the proximal aorta than CE-MRA enabling a reliable measurement of vessel dimensions without the need for contrast agent. Thus, it represents a clinically suitable alternative for patients requiring repetitive imaging. Manual and semiautomatic measurement approaches provided comparable results without significant difference in time need.
Impact probability computation of near-Earth objects using Monte Carlo line sampling and subset simulation
Authors: Romano Matteo , Losacco Matteo , Colombo Camilla , Di Lizia Pierluigi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work introduces two Monte Carlo (MC)-based sampling methods, known as line sampling and subset simulation, to improve the performance of standard MC analyses in the context of asteroid impact risk assessment. Both techniques sample the initial uncertainty region in different ways, with the result of either providing a more accurate estimate of the impact probability or reducing the number of required samples during the simulation with respect to standard MC techniques. The two methods are first described and then applied to some test cases, providing evidence of the increased accuracy or the reduced computational burden with respect to a standard MC simulation. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to show how parameter setting affects the accuracy of the results and the numerical efficiency of the two methods.
Unbounded Solutions to Systems of Differential Equations at Resonance
Authors: Boscaggin A. , Dambrosio W. , Papini D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe deal with a weakly coupled system of ODEs of the type $$\begin{aligned} x_j'' + n_j^2 \,x_j + h_j(x_1,\ldots ,x_d) = p_j(t), \qquad j=1,\ldots ,d, \end{aligned}$$

x
j

′
′

+

n
j
2

x
j

+

h
j

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
d

)

=

p
j

(
t
)

,

j
=
1
,
…
,
d
,

with $$h_j$$

h
j

locally Lipschitz continuous and bounded, $$p_j$$

p
j

continuous and $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic, $$n_j \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
j

∈
N

(so that the system is at resonance). By means of a Lyapunov function approach for discrete dynamical systems, we prove the existence of unbounded solutions, when either global or asymptotic conditions on the coupling terms $$h_1,\ldots ,h_d$$

h
1

,
…
,

h
d

are assumed.
Views and Experiences of Sex, Sexuality and Relationships Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of the Qualitative Literature
Authors: Earle Sarah , O’Dell Lindsay , Davies Alison , Rixon Andy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch examining the effects of spinal cord injury on sexuality has largely focused on physiological functioning and quantification of dysfunction following injury. This paper reports a systematic review of qualitative research that focused on the views and experiences of people with spinal cord injury on sex and relationships. The review addressed the following research question: What are the views and experiences of people with spinal cord injury of sex, sexuality and relationships following injury? Five databases were relevant and employed in the review: CINAHL (1989–2016 only), PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, for research published between 1 January 1980 and 30 November 2019. After removing duplicates, 257 records remained and were screened using a two-stage approach to inclusion and quality appraisal. Following screening, 27 met the criteria for inclusion and are reported in the paper. The review includes studies from fifteen countries across five continents. Two main approaches to data analysis summary and thematic synthesis were undertaken to analyze the qualitative data reported in the papers. The analysis revealed four main themes: sexual identity; significant and generalized others, sexual embodiment; and; sexual rehabilitation and education.
Silver nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and phenotype variation in chrysanthemum
Authors: Tymoszuk Alicja , Kulus Dariusz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the tremendous progress in breeding, novel and user-friendly techniques of plant improvement are desirable. The study aimed to analyze the usefulness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the breeding of chrysanthemum: one of the top ornamental plant species. In vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from internodes of chrysanthemum ‘Lilac Wonder’ was induced on the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.6 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and AgNPs at 0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm concentration. The efficiency of callogenesis and caulogenesis were analyzed after 10 weeks of culture. The concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds in shoots and calli were estimated. Plants obtained from 20 ppm AgNPs treatment were additionally analyzed on the genetic level using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. In vitro rooted shoots were acclimatized in the glasshouse and subjected to biochemical and phenotype stability evaluation. AgNPs at the highest concentration (20 ppm) suppressed both callogenesis and caulogenesis in vitro. The concentration of metabolites in callus was stable, regardless of AgNPs treatment, except for carotenoids which production was enhanced by 20 ppm AgNPs. In contrast, the content of chlorophyll a and b in shoots varied depending on AgNPs treatment. Polymorphic loci were detected in 12 and 9 AgNPs-treated-plants by RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively (one of which was common to both marker systems). Rooting and acclimatization were fully successful in all experimental combinations. Phenotype alternations were detected in six plants; one from 10 ppm AgNPs treatment and five from 20 ppm treatment. They included variation in pigment content (anthocyanins and carotenoids) and/or inflorescence shape. Interestingly, only two plants revealed both genetic and phenotype polymorphisms. No genetic or phenotype variation was detected in the control plants. In conclusion, AgNPs can be used in chrysanthemum breeding.
Balanced difficulty task finder: an adaptive recommendation method for learning tasks based on the concept of state of flow
Authors: Yazidi Anis , Abolpour Mofrad Asieh , Goodwin Morten , Hammer Hugo Lewi , Arntzen Erik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn adaptive task difficulty assignment method which we reckon as balanced difficulty task finder (BDTF) is proposed in this paper. The aim is to recommend tasks to a learner using a trade-off between skills of the learner and difficulty of the tasks such that the learner experiences a state offlowduring the learning. Flow is a mental state that psychologists refer to when someone is completely immersed in an activity. Flow state is a multidisciplinary field of research and has been studied not only in psychology, but also neuroscience, education, sport, and games. The idea behind this paper is to try to achieve a flow state in a similar way as Elo’s chess skill rating (Glickman in Am Chess J 3:59–102) and TrueSkill (Herbrich et al. in Advances in neural information processing systems, 2006) for matching game players, where “matched players” should possess similar capabilities and skills in order to maintain the level of motivation and involvement in the game. The BDTF draws analogy between choosing an appropriate opponent or appropriate game level and automatically choosing an appropriate difficulty level of a learning task. This method, as an intelligent tutoring system, could be used in a wide range of applications from online learning environments and e-learning, to learning and remembering techniques in traditional methods such as adjusting delayed matching to sample and spaced retrieval training that can be used for people with memory problems such as people with dementia.
Influence of Vacuum Support on the Fatigue Life of AlSi9Cu3(Fe) Aluminum Alloy Die Castings
Authors: Szalva Péter , Orbulov Imre Norbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-pressure die casting (HPDC) is a near-net-shape process that produces high quality castings with narrow dimensional tolerances. The HPDC castings are being increasingly used due to good flexibility and high productivity, especially for the automotive industry. Depending on the location of the cast components, there are ever more complex geometries and increasing strength requirements that can be achieved by the application of vacuum-assisted die casting (VPDC). The most specific features of the HPDC process are the rapid mold filling, high cooling rate and intensification pressure. As a consequence of these highlighted features, the process generally leads to the formation of casting defects, such as gas porosity, shrinkage, and entrapped oxide films. However, the VPDC casting process is capable to significantly reduce the amount of these casting defects. The aim of this work is to compare the HPDC and VPDC castings’ high-cycle fatigue behavior and to describe how the casting defects affect the fatigue failure. Before the fatigue tests, the samples were investigated with non-destructive (NDT) materials testing methods such as hydrostatic weighing, x-ray, and computer tomography (CT) to characterize the gas pore and shrinkage pore populations of the material. The AlSi9Cu3(Fe) aluminum alloy castings have been subjected to constant amplitude load by uniaxial fatigue tests in the high-cycle fatigue region with a stress asymmetry ratios of R = −1 and R = 0.1. The resulting fracture surfaces are analyzed through light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). VPDC increased the number of cycles to fracture and decreased the scatter at the given load levels compared to conventional HPDC casting. Moreover, VPDC significantly decreased the porosity size and volume, and the occurrence of oxide flakes is also decreased, resulting in the improvement in the number of cycle to failure.
Harmony or dissonance? The affordances of palliative care learning for emerging professional identity
Authors: Kilbertus Frances , Ajjawi Rola , Archibald Douglas 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Patient demographics demand physicians who are competent in and embrace palliative care as part of their professional identity. Published literature describes ways that learners acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes for palliative care. These studies are, however, limited by their focus on the individual where learning is about acquisition. Viewing learning as a process of becoming through the interplay of individual, social relationships and cultures, offers a novel perspective from which to explore the affordances for professional identity development.
Methods Qualitative narrative methods were used to explore 45 narratives of memorable learning (NMLs) for palliative care recounted by 14 graduating family medicine residents in one family medicine residency program. Thematic and narrative analyses identified the affordances that support and constrain the dynamic emergence of professional identity.
Results Participants recounted affordances that supported and/or constrained their learning acting on personal (e.g. past experiences of death), interpersonal (e.g. professional support) and systemic (e.g. patient continuity) levels. Opportunities for developing professional identity were dynamic: factors acted in harmony, were misaligned, or colliding to support or constrain an emerging professional identity for palliative care practice.
Conclusion Findings highlight how individual factors interplay with interpersonal and structural conditions in the workplace in dynamic and emergent ways that may support or constrain the emergence of professional identity.
Experimental investigation of the dynamic behavior of railway track with sleeper voids
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Nabochenko Olga , Kovalchuk Vitalii 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe deterioration of the sleeper support on the ballasted track begins with the accumulation of sleeper voids. The increased dynamic loading in the voided zone and the ballast contact conditions cause the accelerated growth of the settlements in the voided zones, which results in the appearance of local instabilities like ballast breakdown, white spots, subgrade defects, etc. The recent detection and quantification of the sleeper voids with track-side and onboard monitoring can help to avoid or delay the development of local instabilities. The present paper is devoted to the study of the dynamic behavior of railway track with sleeper voids in the ballast breakdown zone. The result of the experimental track-side measurements of rail acceleration and deflection is presented. The analysis shows the existence of the dynamic impact during wheel entry in the voided zone. However, the measured dynamic impact is subjected to the bias of the track-side measurement method. Both the mechanism of the impact and the measurement aspects are explained by using the one-beam model on viscoelastic foundation. The void features in the dynamic behavior are analyzed for the purpose of track-side and onboard monitoring. A practical method of the void parameter quantification is proposed.
Suspected penicillin allergy: risk assessment using an algorithm as an antibiotic stewardship project
Authors: Querbach Christiane , Biedermann Tilo , Busch Dirk H. , Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Feihl Susanne , Filser Christiane , Gebhardt Friedemann , Heim Markus , Renz Helmut , Rothe Kathrin , Spinner Christoph D. , Starzner Melanie , Suren Christian , Trojan Monika , Brockow Knut 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Background
Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA) are the treatment of choice for a large number of bacterial infections. Putative BLA allergies are often reported by patients, but rarely confirmed. Many patients do not receive BLA due to suspected allergy. There is no systematic approach to risk stratification in the case of a history of suspected BLA allergy.

Methods
Using the available stratification programs and taking current guidelines into account, an algorithm for risk stratification, including recommendations on the use of antibiotics in cases of compellingly indicated BLA despite suspected BLA allergy, was formulated by the authors for their maximum care university hospital.

Results
The hospital is in great need of recommendations on how to deal with BLA allergies. Patient-reported information in the history forms the basis for classifying the reactions into four risk categories: (1) BLA allergy excluded, (2) benign delayed reaction, (3) immediate reaction, and (4) severe cutaneous and extracutaneous drug reaction. Recommendations strictly depend on this classification and range from use of full-dose BLA or use of BLA under certain conditions (e.g., two-stage dose escalation, non-cross-reactive BLA only) to prohibiting all BLA and the use of alternative non-BLA. In case of suspected immediate or delayed allergic reactions, there is an additional recommendation regarding subsequent allergy testing during a symptom-free interval.

Conclusion
Triage of patients with suspected BLA is urgently required. While allergy testing, including provocation testing, represents the most reliable solution, this is not feasible in all patients due to the high prevalence of BLA allergies. The risk stratification algorithm developed for the authors’ hospital represents a tool suitable to making a contribution to rational antibiotic therapy.
Two-Dimensional Platinum Diselenide: Synthesis, Emerging Applications, and Future Challenges
Authors: Gong Youning , Lin Zhitao , Chen Yue-Xing , Khan Qasim , Wang Cong , Zhang Bin , Nie Guohui , Xie Ni , Li Delong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, emerging two-dimensional (2D) platinum diselenide (PtSe2) has quickly attracted the attention of the research community due to its novel physical and chemical properties. For the past few years, increasing research achievements on 2D PtSe2 have been reported toward the fundamental science and various potential applications of PtSe2. In this review, the properties and structure characteristics of 2D PtSe2 are discussed at first. Then, the recent advances in synthesis of PtSe2 as well as their applications are reviewed. At last, potential perspectives in exploring the application of 2D PtSe2 are reviewed.
Comprehensive Examination of Dehydroxylation of Kaolinite, Disordered Kaolinite, and Dickite: Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Izadifar Mohammadreza , Thissen Peter , Steudel Annett , Kleeberg Reinhard , Kaufhold Stephan , Kaltenbach Jonas , Schuhmann Rainer , Dehn Frank , Emmerich Katja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKaolins and clays are important raw materials for production of supplementary cementitious materials and geopolymer precursors through thermal activation by calcination beyond dehydroxylation (DHX). Both types of clay contain different polytypes and disordered structures of kaolinite but little is known about the impact of the layer stacking of dioctahedral 1:1 layer silicates on optimum thermal activation conditions and following reactivity with alkaline solutions. The objective of the present study was to improve understanding of the impact of layer stacking in dioctahedral 1:1 layer silicates on the thermal activation by investigating the atomic structure after dehydroxylation. Heating experiments by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) followed by characterization of the dehydroxylated materials by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with first-principles calculations were performed. Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized for correlation of geometry-optimized structures to thermodynamic stability. The resulting volumes of unit cells were compared with data from dilatometry studies. The local structure changes were correlated with experimental results of increasing DHX temperature in the following order: disordered kaolinite, kaolinite, and dickite, whereupon dickite showed two dehydroxylation steps. Intermediate structures were found that were thermodynamically stable and partially dehydroxylated to a degree of DHX of 75% for kaolinite, 25% for disordered kaolinite, and 50% for dickite. These thermodynamically stable, partially dehydroxylated intermediates contained AlV while metakaolinite and metadickite contained only AlIV with a strongly distorted coordination shell. These results indicate strongly the necessity for characterization of the structure of dioctahedral 1:1 layer silicates in kaolins and clays as a key parameter to predict optimized calcination conditions and resulting reactivity.
Detection of QTL for phosphorus efficiency and biomass traits at the seedling stage in wheat
Authors: Yuan Y. , Zhang M. , Zheng H. , Kong F. , Guo Y. , Zhao Y. , An Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the most vital nutrient elements in crop output and quality formation. In this study, four biomass, four P uptake efficiency (PupE), and three P-utilization efficiency (PutE) traits were investigated using a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of “SN0431 × LM21”, under hydroponic culture trials at low P (LP) and normal P (NP) levels in two different seasons, respectively. A total of 85 QTL were identified on 18 chromosomes except for 1D, 2A, and 3D. Among them, 36 and 42 QTL were detected under LP and NP, respectively, and seven QTL were simultaneously detected under LP and NP. Seventeen relatively high-frequency QTL (RHF-QTL) were detected. The average contributions of 13 major RHF-QTL were over 10.00%. Five important QTL clusters were detected on chromosomes 4D, 5A, and 5B. Among them, positive linkages were observed between PutE and biomass traits at four QTL clusters, C1, C2, C3, and C6, showing these loci may be hot spots for genetic control of both phosphorus utilization and biomass accumulation in wheat seedlings. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that three biomass traits (SDW, RDW, and TDW) should be used as primary selection indexes for PE at the seedling stage.