bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male and Female Judges in Morocco Dealing with Minor Marriages
Authors: Sonneveld Nadia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rather than being an exception, judicial permission for minor marriage has become a rule in Morocco. Based on legal analysis and anthropological fieldwork in 2015, I show that the gender of the judge does not significantly contribute to the way the provision on minor marriage is implemented in Moroccan courthouses. Instead, I argue in favour of an approach that is grounded in a relational understanding of law. Both male and female judges were manoeuvring the internal incompatibilities contained within and between state laws, which are the result of external recognition—in other words, the recognition of other normative orders, notably customary law practices. This relational understanding of law, and the ambiguities it naturally results in, amounts to a better understanding of law in action than the distinction between an “ethic of justice” and an “ethic of care,” which highlights gender-specific ways of legal decision-making, which are not supported by the Moroccan case.
Institutional Legal Reform in Kuwait after 2011
Authors: Maktabi Rania 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2015, Law 12 legislated for the establishment of family courts for the first time in the modern history of Kuwait. The reflections and experiences of stakeholders—judges, lawyers, and administrators—surrounding this law are here contextualized from three perspectives: (1) as an institutional means of strengthening Kuwaiti women’s civil rights in marriage and divorce after women were given political rights in 2005; (2) as part of wide-ranging juridical reforms, including the passing of the Law on the Child in 2015, the expansion of the Kuwait Institute for Judicial and Legal Studies’ powers, and the certification of graduates from the Faculty of Sharīʿa as legal advisors in the state apparatus after 2012; and (3) as an avenue for managing religious pluralism in a state where one-third of the citizenry are Shiʿa Muslim.
The sum of these different reforms in the legal sphere are acts of governance that reflect establishing rule-of-law guidelines as a means of centralizing political authority and, by extension, the ruling Āl Ṣubāḥ regime’s grip on power following the 2011 Arab uprisings.
Trafficked Refugees: The Jordanian Efforts to Address this Issue
Authors: Al-Zoubi Muath 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently, the world has been hit by a massive wave of refugees, precipitating the global refugee crisis, which is a pressing issue of global concern. Consequently, addressing this crisis needs innovative approaches. The aim of this article is to establish a relatively new initiative through combining two topics: the global refugee crisis and the crime of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, by combining these two topics, this article will try to find a new initiative that addresses a certain category of trafficked victims, namely trafficked refugees. By analysing the existing primary and secondary sources on relevant issues in relation to the crime of trafficking in persons and the issue of refugees, this article concludes that, despite the difficulties of addressing these issues and the current attempts in Jordan, it is still significant to identify trafficked victims among refugees as this might result in them receiving particular attention.
Parental psychological distress associated with COVID-19 outbreak: A large-scale multicenter survey from Turkey
Authors: Bıkmazer Alperen , Kadak Muhammed Tayyib , Görmez Vahdet , Doğan Uğur , Aslankaya Zeynep Dilara , Bakır Fulya , Tarakçıoğlu Mahmut Cem , Kaya İlyas , Gümüş Yusuf Yasin , Esin İbrahim Selçuk , Karayağmurlu Ali , Adak İbrahim , Yaylacı Ferhat , Güller Barış , Tanır Yaşar , Koyuncu Zehra , Serdengeçti Nihal , Ermiş Çağatay , Kaçmaz Gül Bilgin , Gülşen Hatice , Doğru Hicran , Bayati Mohammed Al , Üstündağ Büşra , Gökler Enes , Özyurt Gonca , Baykara Burak , Ekinci Özalp , Başgül Şaziye Senem , Görmez Aynur , Emiroğlu Neslihan İnal , Türkçapar Hakan , Öztürk Mücahit 
Published: November 2020

Aims Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds. Methods A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents ( n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p < .001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p < .001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p = .012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p < .001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p = .043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p < .001) were independently associated with significant parental distress. Conclusions Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit.
Clinical manifestations and imaging features of white matter demyelination in older patients
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Yi-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of older patients with white matter demyelination diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Ninety-six patients with leukoaraiosis diagnosed by MRI were divided by their clinical diagnoses into a demyelinating group (40 cases) and a non-demyelinating group (56 cases). The imaging and clinical features of the patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results Compared with the non-demyelinating group, there were significantly more women in the demyelinating group than men. There was no significant difference in age between the two groups. Of the 37 cases who had an imaging report of “white matter demyelination and multiple sclerosis,” 36 cases had a clinical diagnosis in accordance with white matter demyelination (97.3%). Of the 59 cases who had an imaging report of “white matter demyelination”, only four cases had a clinical diagnosis in accordance with demyelination (6.8%). Conclusion In older patients with headaches, vertigo, other head symptoms, and unilateral numbness as the chief complaints, a clinical diagnosis of demyelinating disease is very unlikely when the imaging report states white matter demyelination only.
Shock and Myocardial Injury in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What We Know. Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Caro-Patón Gema de Lama , de Azagra-Garde Amelia Martínez , García-Salido Alberto , Cabrero-Hernández Marta , Tamariz Amalia , Nieto-Moro Montserrat 
Published: November 2020

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to myocardial injury and shock in children, likely the result of a severe inflammatory state, and can mimic Kawasaki disease. Objective: To describe the characteristics of shock and myocardial injury in children with confirmed or suspeted COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain, including clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, disease course, and outcome. An extensive literature review is provided. Methods: Retrospective case series including all children (age 1 month–18 years) admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit in Madrid, Spain, between March 15 and April 30, 2020 with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and shock. Results: Twelve previously healthy patients with shock, age 5 to 14 years, were included. All required volume resuscitation and 75% required vasoactive/inotropic support. Distributive shock was present on admission in 67% (n = 8), and 4 patients (33%) showed features of cardiogenic shock. Myocardial injury was diagnosed in 67% (n = 8) and ventricular dysfunction in 33% (n = 4). The most common symptoms on presentation were fever (100%), anorexia (100%), diarrhea (75%), and vomiting (75%). Five patients showed signs of Kawasaki disease but none met the criteria for the classic form. Laboratory findings revealed lymphopenia (83%), thrombocytopenia (83%), and increased inflammatory markers (100%). Respiratory status was not significantly impacted. Chest X-ray showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates in 7 (58%) and bilateral pneumonia in 3 (25%). COVID-19 was confirmed in 11 cases (92%). All received empirical therapy against COVID-19, thromboprophylaxis and immunomodulation. Median stay in the PICU and inpatient ward was 4.5 and 10 days, respectively. No patients died. Conclusion: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 can mimic Kawasaki disease and lead to a combination of distributive and cardiogenic shock, probably secondary to a hyperinflammatory state that remains to be precisely defined. Treatment strategies include hemodynamic support, empirical therapies against COVID-19, thromboprophylaxis, and immunomodulation.
Unmet supportive care needs and determinants among cancer patients treated at University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebresillassie Begashaw Melaku , Ayele Asnakew Achaw , Abegaz Tadesse Melaku 
Published: November 2020

Background Assessment of supportive care needs is an important requirement to plan supportive care intervention. This study aimed to assess the unmet supportive care needs of cancer patients treated at the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2017 to August 30, 2017. Adult (18 years and greater) cancer patients and those who were receiving therapy were included. The 34-Item short-form Supportive Care Needs Survey(SCNS-SF34) tool was used to assess unmet needs. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version-21. Results A total of 150 interview guides were included in the analysis (97.4% of response rate). In the majority of 65(43.3%) the participants, the disease was metastasized even though they have undergone surgery 78 (52%). The overall mean score level of unmet need for cancer care was 3.49. The highest unmet need mean score was reported from the health system and information need domain. A significant unmet need difference concerning different need domain was found in sex, age, residence, occupation status, and monthly income. Sex and residence were found to be independent predicting factors for unmet supportive care needs. Conclusion The overall level of unmet need was high. A significant unmet need difference was found in sex, age, residence, occupation status, and monthly income. Sex and residence were found to be independent predicting factors. Hence, professionals working in the oncology unit should be aware of unmet needs and expect changes over time. Certain programs and services to address the identified unmet needs should be urgently provided.
Evaluation of the primary medical treatments based on the advanced trauma life support principles in trauma patients
Authors: Asadi Payman , Kasmaei Vahid Monsef , Zia Ziabari Seyyed Mahdi , Rimaz Siamak , Modirian Ehsan , Sarbazi-Golezari Ali 
Published: November 2020

Objective In Iran, road traffic accidents were responsible for 14716 deaths in 2015. This study aimed to compare the initial resuscitation of traumatically injured patients to the internationally recognized ATLS standards. Materials and methods As a cross-sectional study, 506 traumatically injured patients who were referred to the tertiary referral major trauma center in Poursina Hospital during the study period, were evaluated. All therapeutic interventions were compared to the ATLS standards. Data on mortality by demographic was compared to those in whom the ATLS standards were met and in those whom it was not met Results Mean age of the patients was 37.37 ± 19.72 and motorcycle was the most common cause of accidents (40.9%). ATLS guideline interventions were completely performed in 18.2% of the patients in their primary hospital, and in rest of 414 cases (81.8%), ATLS algorithms were not fully carried out. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the second group: 10.86% vs 32.36%, respectively. Conclusion Application of ATLS principles in multiple trauma patients can reduce the mortality rate.
A study of the reporting of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in orthodontic research
Authors: Patel Veena A , Shelswell Jonathan , Hillyard Neil , Pavitt Sue , Barber Sophy K 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in research is an essential component of high-quality research. Patients and the public can identify which research topics are most relevant to them, contribute to study design, and interpretation and dissemination of findings. While inclusion of PPIE is widely adopted in medical research, awareness within the dental research community is more limited. Aim: To examine patient and public involvement and engagement in orthodontic research activity. Design: Identification and appraisal of use of PPIE in orthodontic research reporting and funding applications using a systematic approach. Methods: Three sources of information were examined: (1) research articles published between September 2018 and September 2019 in four major orthodontic journals. Articles were examined for reported PPIE; (2) common funding bodies for orthodontic research were assessed to establish whether PPIE was mandated (National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Chief Scientist Office (Scotland), Health and Care Research Wales, British Orthodontic Society Foundation, Royal College of Surgeons and CLEFT); and (3) publication guidance for authors in these journals was examined to identify whether reporting of PPIE was included. Results: Of the 363 research articles, 2 (0.6%) mention patient/public involvement. None of the 363 research articles mention patient/public engagement. Of nine funding bodies, 2 (22%) request evidence of patient/public involvement as a condition of receiving funding with one (11%) expecting evidence of public engagement to be provided as a condition of receiving funding. None of the four major orthodontic journals include patient/public involvement and/or engagement in their guidance for authors. Conclusion: There is currently: (1) a notable lack of reporting of PPIE in orthodontic research; (2) variability in the requirements of funding bodies for researchers to include PPIE in funding applications and throughout the research process; and (3) no stipulation in journals’ instructions for authors.
A clinical nomogram and heat map for assessing survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer after complete resection
Authors: Cao Xun , Zheng Yu-zhen , Liao Hong-ying , Guo Xiang , Li Yong , Wang Zhen , Zhang Li , Wang Xu-dong , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2020

Background: Assessing the prognosis of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a major clinical issue. This study aimed to devise an effective clinical nomogram and heat map for assessing the survival of patients with stage I NSCLC receiving complete resection. Methods: Nomograms were established based on a retrospective study of 654 patients with stage I NSCLC who underwent radical resection at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between January 2009 and December 2014. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to measure the accuracy and discriminative ability of the final nomogram. Heat maps were constructed with prognostic factors and survival probabilities. Survival curves were depicted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to determine significance. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk subgroups using recursive partitioning analysis based on nomogram scores. Results: In univariate and multivariate analyses, the independent factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were age, sex, tumor size, and visceral pleural invasion, which were all selected in the nomogram. The C-indices of the nomogram for predicting OS and DFS were 0.694 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.651–0.737] and 0.653 (95% CI 0.61–0.696), respectively. The calibration curves for OS and DFS probabilities showed a good agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. A heat map was generated using the above independent factors for OS and DFS. High-risk patients had shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.535, 95% CI 2.444–5.113, p < 0.001] and DFS (HR = 2.607, 95% CI 1.922–3.537, p < 0.001) than low-risk patients. Conclusion: We established a prognostic nomogram and heat map that can be useful for evaluating survival in patients with stage I NSCLC after complete resection. The tools resulted in more accurate prediction and may guide clinicians in making treatment decisions.
Components of a safe cystectomy service during coronavirus disease 2019 in a high-volume centre
Authors: Nelson Adam W , Arianayagam Ranjan , Umari Paolo , Campbell Emily , Tetlow Nicholas , Duncan Jacqueline , Baker Hilary , Parker Jo , Lucetta Cristina , Perkins Rachel , Tan Melanie , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Kelly John D , Sridhar Ashwin 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Delivery of a safe cystectomy service is a multidisciplinary exercise. In this article, we detail the measures implemented at our institution to deliver a cystectomy service for bladder cancer patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A ‘one-stop’ enhanced recovery clinic had been established at our hospital, consisting of an anaesthetist, an exercise testing service, urinary diversion nurses, clinical nurse specialists and surgeons. During COVID-19, we modified these processes in order to continue to provide urgent cystectomy safely for bladder cancer. We collected patients’ outcomes prospectively measuring demographic characteristics, oncological and perioperative outcomes, the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and confirmed COVID-19 test results. Results: From March to May 2020, 25 patients underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Twenty-four procedures were performed with robotic assistance and one open as part of a research trial. We instituted modifications at various multidisciplinary steps, including patient selection, preoperative optimisation, enhanced recovery protocols, patient counselling and perioperative protocols. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. The 30-day rate of Clavien ⩾3 complications was 8%. Postoperatively, none of the patients developed COVID-19 based on World Health Organization criteria and testing. Conclusion: We safely delivered a complex cystectomy service during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic without any COVID-19-related morbidity or mortality. Level of evidence: Level 2b.
Radioisotopic and Luminescence Counting in 384-Well Microplates
Authors: Kolb Al , Neumann Ken 
Published: November 2020

Reprinted with permission of author and publisher from The Screening Forum, Vol. 4, No. 2. Over the last few years there has been a growing demand for assay miniaturization in high throughput screening. The successful adaptation of the 96-well microplate serves as a practical example of the power of miniaturization. Assays that once required 2 to 3 mL volumes are now done in 1/10 this volume. However, before the 96-well plate became a standard in HTS there were many questions about the suitability of this small format to screening assays and the availability of all the necessary peripheral equipment to support it. These problems were quickly solved. Today we are faced with the same questions about the 384-well format.
Osteochondral reconstruction for post-traumatic coronoid deficiency
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Kim Hyojune , Sun Yucheng , Koh Kyoung-Hwan , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome and graft survival following coronoid reconstruction with osteochondral bone grafts for post-traumatic coronoid deficiency treatment. We hypothesized that coronoid reconstruction using an osteochondral bone graft will provide favorable results in treating post-traumatic coronoid deficiency. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on eight patients (mean age = 45.8 years) who underwent osteochondral bone graft reconstruction indicated for post-traumatic coronoid deficiency. The osteochondral bone grafts were obtained from the radial head remnant (four patients), olecranon tip (two patients), and iliac crest (two patients). All the injuries were terrible triad. The mean duration from injury to surgery was 79.3 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, motion arc, and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Radiologic evaluation of graft healing and integrity was performed using computed tomography at 19 months and plain elbow radiography at 24.1 months after reconstruction. The immediate graft height was measured. Results: VAS and MEPS values improved from 4.1 ± 1.2 to 1.1 ± 0.3 and 34.2 ± 16.9 to 85.0 ± 7.1, respectively ( p = 0.018, p = 0.018) after reconstruction. The motion arc significantly improved from 84.2° ± 16.1° to 102.1° ± 18.2° at the final follow-up of 39.1 ± 18.8 months ( p = 0.048). All the osteochondral grafts survived, with nonunion in two patients (25%). The mean immediate graft height was 15.4 ± 2.6 mm. Among the eight patients, three (37.5%) developed secondary osteoarthritis of the ulnohumeral joint. Conclusions: Coronoid reconstruction with osteochondral bone graft may serve as an option to salvage post-traumatic coronoid deficiency. Sufficient graft height was required for graft survival. Secondary osteoarthritis of the ulnohumeral joint should not be underestimated during follow-up.