bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbesserte Patientensicherheit durch „clinical decision support systems“ in der Labormedizin
Authors: Eckelt F. , Remmler J. , Kister T. , Wernsdorfer M. , Richter H. , Federbusch M. , Adler M. , Kehrer A. , Voigt M. , Cundius C. , Telle J. , Thiery J. , Kaiser T. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Labormedizinische Diagnostik ist für die Diagnosestellung, Therapieeinleitung und Überwachung von Patienten unverzichtbar. Unberücksichtigte oder fehlerhaft interpretierte Laborergebnisse haben unerwünschte Auswirkungen und gefährden die Patientensicherheit. „Clinical decision support systems“ (CDSS) könnten helfen, eine angemessene Interpretation und medizinische Reaktion zu unterstützen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Forschungsprojekt zur digitalen Labormedizin (Analyse- und Meldesystem zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit durch Echtzeitintegration von Laborbefunden [AMPEL]) hat zum Ziel, auf Basis der Diagnostik am Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin der Universitätsmedizin Leipzig ein CDSS zu entwickeln, das die Behandler dabei unterstützt, notwendige medizinische Maßnahmen sicherzustellen.

Material und Methoden
In einer Literaturrecherche zu CDSS wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik beschrieben. Hierauf aufbauend wird das AMPEL-Projekt mit seinen Zielen, Herausforderungen und ersten Ergebnissen vorgestellt. Die Entwicklung der Regel- und Meldesysteme wird am klinischen Beispiel der schweren Hypokaliämie erläutert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Durch die interdisziplinäre Entwicklung von Regel- und Meldesystemen auf Basis von klinischen Daten wurden spezifische, fachgebietsübergreifende CDSS erstellt, die auf hohe Akzeptanz stoßen. Erste Ergebnisse zur schweren Hypokaliämie belegen einen positiven Effekt auf die Patientenbehandlung. Bei der Entwicklung komplexerer Regelwerke, etwa zur Sepsisdiagnostik oder dem akuten Koronarsyndrom, stellt die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit standardisierter und digital verfügbarer klinischer Daten eine Herausforderung dar. Neben klassischen Entscheidungsbäumen in CDSS bieten Methoden des maschinellen Lernens eine vielversprechende Perspektive für zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Umgang mit psychischer Belastung bei Gesundheitsfachkräften im Rahmen der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Petzold Moritz Bruno , Plag Jens , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen der aktuellen Covid-19-Pandemie stehen Gesundheitsfachkräfte aller Berufsgruppen vor großen Herausforderungen in der Bewältigung der Krise. Dabei treten zahlreiche außergewöhnliche Stressoren und Risiken nicht nur für die körperliche, sondern auch die psychische Gesundheit der Gesundheitsfachkräfte auf.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Artikel fasst erste Empfehlungen zur Reduktion von Stress und psychischer Belastung bei Gesundheitsfachkräften im Rahmen der aktuellen Covid-19-Pandemie zusammen.

Methode
Dargestellt werden Empfehlungen zur Reduktion von Stress und psychischen Belastungen bei Gesundheitsfachkräften und wichtige Aspekte, die Führungskräfte zur Reduktion von Stress und psychischer Belastung bei ihren Mitarbeiter*innen beachten sollten. Insbesondere werden die Empfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation, des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes und der Vereinten Nationen berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse
Eine Normalisierung psychischer Belastungen, eine ausreichende Befriedigung der Grundbedürfnisse, soziale Unterstützung, eine klare Kommunikation und Aufgabenverteilung und flexible Möglichkeiten zur Arbeitsgestaltung und Inanspruchnahme von Hilfsangeboten ohne Stigmatisierung scheinen besonders wichtige Maßnahmen zu sein.

Diskussion
Der Artikel verschafft Gesundheitsfachkräften und ihren Führungskräften einen ersten Überblick über wichtige Faktoren zum Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit während der Covid-19-Pandemie.
Evaluation of the content and bioaccessibility of selected metals from barley grass
Authors: Parzych Sylwia , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Asztemborska Monika , Ruzik Lena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of the content of zinc and copper in plant tissues of barley grass growing on enriched in zinc/copper solutions (sulphate, glycine complex, rutin complex) were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The highest concentrations of Zn were found in the roots and leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the rutin-zinc(II) and sulphate solutions. The highest concentrations of Cu were found in the leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the glycine-copper(II) complex solutions. The research showed that the barley accumulates the zinc/copper from the nutrient solution, therefore, in the next step of the investigation the evaluation of bioaccessibility was carried out. The bioaccessibility of copper and zinc were evaluated from the various enriched cultivation solutions by the inductively coupled mass spectrometry coupled with size exclusion chromatography. Plants growing on solutions enriched in the zinc/copper complexes with amino acids (glycine) and flavonoids (rutin) accumulated excessive amounts of these elements in tissues. Additionally, the bioaccessibility is significantly higher than from the plant’s tissues growing on zinc/copper salts solutions.
Injuries of the isolated larynx-hyoid complex in post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and post-mortem fine preparation (PMFP) - a comparison of 54 forensic cases
Authors: Treitl Karla Maria , Aigner Laura Isabel , Gazov Evgenij , Fischer Florian , Schinner Regina , Schmid-Tannwald Christine , Kirchhoff Sonja , Scherr Michael Karl 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy (ACC) of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) for fractures of the isolated larynx-hyoid complex (LHC) in comparison to post-mortem fine preparation (PMFP).MethodsThis monocentric prospective study enclosed 54 LHCs that were extracted during autopsy, fixed in formalin, and underwent a PMCT scan (64-row multidetector CT, helical pitch). Two radiologists independently analyzed the LHC scans for image quality (IQ) and fractures (4-point Likert scales). A specialized forensic preparator dissected the specimens under the stereomicroscope. The PMFP results were standardized documented, and used as the standard of reference for the comparison to PMCT.ResultsThe PMCT-IQ of 95% of the LHC images was rated as good or excellent. IQ was decreased by decay, incisions during autopsy, and separation of the hyoid from the cartilaginous components in 7, 3, and 12 specimens, respectively. PMFP detected 119 fractures in 34 LHCs (63.0%). PMCT identified 91 fractures in 32 specimens (59.3%). PMFP and PMCT significantly agreed concerning the location (Cohen’sκ = 0.762;p < 0.001) and the degree of dislocation (κ = 0.689;p < 0.001) of the fractures. Comparing PMCT to PMFP resulted in a sensitivity of 88.2%, a specificity of 90.0%, and an ACC of 88.9% for the LHC. The ACCs for the hyoid, thyroid, and cricoid were 94.4%, 87.0%, and 81.5%, respectively. PMCT procedure was significantly faster than PMFP (28.9 ± 4.1 min vs. 208.2 ± 32.5 min;p < 0,001).ConclusionsPMCT can detect distinct injuries of the isolated LHC and may promptly confirm violence against the neck as cause of death. PMFP outmatches PMCT in the detection of decent injuries like tears of the cricoid cartilage.Key Points• Post-mortem computed tomography is able to assess fractures of the larynx-hyoid complex.• Prospective monocentric in vitro study showed that post-mortem computed tomography of the larynx-hyoid complex is faster than post-mortem fine preparation.• Post-mortem computed tomography can confirm violence against the neck as cause of death.
Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: past, present, and future
Authors: Wintrich Jan , Kindermann Ingrid , Ukena Christian , Selejan Simina , Werner Christian , Maack Christoph , Laufs Ulrich , Tschöpe Carsten , Anker Stefan D. , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Voors Adriaan A. , Böhm Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn contrast to the wealth of proven therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), therapeutic efforts in the past have failed to improve outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Moreover, to this day, diagnosis of HFpEF remains controversial. However, there is growing appreciation that HFpEF represents a heterogeneous syndrome with various phenotypes and comorbidities which are hardly to differentiate solely by LVEF and might benefit from individually tailored approaches. These hypotheses are supported by the recently presented PARAGON-HF trial. Although treatment with LCZ696 did not result in a significantly lower rate of total hospitalizations for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes among HFpEF patients, subanalyses suggest beneficial effects in female patients and those with an LVEF between 45 and 57%. In the future, prospective randomized trials should focus on dedicated, well-defined subgroups based on various information such as clinical characteristics, biomarker levels, and imaging modalities. These could clarify the role of LCZ696 in selected individuals. Furthermore, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have just proven efficient in HFrEF patients and are currently also studied in large prospective clinical trials enrolling HFpEF patients. In addition, several novel disease-modifying drugs that pursue different strategies such as targeting cardiac inflammation and fibrosis have delivered preliminary optimistic results and are subject of further research. Moreover, innovative device therapies may enhance management of HFpEF, but need prospective adequately powered clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy regarding clinical outcomes. This review highlights the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches in HFpEF.
PTEN activation contributes to neuronal and synaptic engulfment by microglia in tauopathy
Authors: Benetatos Joseph , Bennett Rachel E. , Evans Harrison T. , Ellis Sevannah A. , Hyman Bradley T. , Bodea Liviu-Gabriel , Götz Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) regulates synaptic density in development; however, whether PTEN also regulates synapse loss in a neurodegenerative disorder such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with Tau deposition (FTLD-Tau) has not been explored. Here, we found that pathological Tau promotes early activation of PTEN, which precedes apoptotic caspase-3 cleavage in the rTg4510 mouse model of FTLD-Tau. We further demonstrate increased synaptic and neuronal exposure of the apoptotic signal phosphatidylserine that tags neuronal structures for microglial uptake, thereby linking PTEN activation to synaptic and neuronal structure elimination. By applying pharmacological inhibition of PTEN's protein phosphatase activity, we observed that microglial uptake can be decreased in Tau transgenic mice. Finally, we reveal a dichotomous relationship between PTEN activation and age in FTLD-Tau patients and healthy controls. Together, our findings suggest that in tauopathy, PTEN has a role in the synaptotoxicity of pathological Tau and promotes microglial removal of affected neuronal structures.
Functional dissection of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 during embryonic and phyllotactic patterning
Authors: Comelli Petra , Glowa Dorothea , Frerichs Anneke , Engelhorn Julia , Chandler John W. , Werr Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
The Arabidopsis DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 comprises a high-occupancy target region in the IM periphery that integrates signals for the spiral phyllotactic pattern and cruciferous arrangement of sepals.

Abstract
Transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) gene marks lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the inflorescence meristem (IM) and enhancer 2 (En2) in the DRNL promoter upstream region essentially contributes to this phyllotactic transcription pattern. Further analysis focused on the phylogenetically highly conserved 100-bp En2core element, which was sufficient to promote the phyllotactic pattern, but was recalcitrant to further shortening. Here, we show that En2core functions independent of orientation and create a series of mutations to study consequences on the transcription pattern. Their analysis shows that, first, in addition to in the inflorescence apex, En2core acts in the embryo; second, cis-regulatory target sequences are distributed throughout the 100-bp element, although substantial differences exist in their function between embryo and IM. Third, putative core auxin response elements (AuxREs) spatially activate or restrict DRNL expression, and fourth, according to chromatin configuration data, En2core enhancer activity in LOFCs correlates with an open chromatin structure at the DRNL transcription start. In combination, mutational and chromatin analyses imply that En2core comprises a high-occupancy target (HOT) region for transcription factors, which implements phyllotactic information for the spiral LOFC pattern in the IM periphery and coordinates the cruciferous array of floral sepals. Our data disfavor a contribution of activating auxin response factors (ARFs) but do not exclude auxin as a morphogenetic signal.
A practical guide to acute pain management in children
Authors: Gai Nan , Naser Basem , Hanley Jacqueline , Peliowski Arie , Hayes Jason , Aoyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the pediatric population, pain is frequently under-recognized and inadequately treated. Improved education and training of health care providers can positively impact the management of pain in children. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical clinical approach to the management of acute pain in the pediatric inpatient population. This will include an overview of commonly used pain management modalities and their potential pitfalls. For institutions that have a pediatric acute pain service or are considering initiating one, it is our hope to provide a useful tool to aid clinicians in the safe and effective treatment of pain in children.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of Quercus salicina Blume extract
Authors: Aung Thinzar , Bibat Marie Anna Dominique , Zhao Chang-Cheng , Eun Jong-Bang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuercus salicina Blume (QS) is an oak species that is indigenous to Japan and Korea. Historically, extracts of leaves, stems, barks and buds from the QS tree had been extensively utilized as herbal medicines. As rich sources of natural antioxidants, QS extracts could prevent oxidative stress and the occurrence of related neurodegenerative diseases. In pharmaceutical applications, decoction or infusion of comminuted QS powder is prepared as an herbal tea for oral use. Various extraction methods and extracting mediums showed the potential antioxidant activities of QS extracts, as well as the different types and levels of bioactive compounds found in them. Due to their functional properties and possibly low-level of cytotoxicity, the potential application of QS extracts as a novel food ingredient could be considered. In this review paper, a brief overview about QS extracts and their bioactive components, antioxidant activities, toxicity and technological applications is described based on previous works.
Population dynamics and regulation of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker in strictly protected and managed forests in Western Poland
Authors: Kosiński Ziemowit , Walczak Łukasz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnalysis of ecological time series allows to assess the relative contribution of density-dependent and density-independent factors influencing the regulation of the population of a species. In this study, we investigated whether the annual fluctuation in the population of Middle Spotted WoodpeckersDendrocoptes mediuscan be attributed to the direct or delayed density-dependent regulation or to the density-independent factors such as weather conditions during the preceding winter and previous breeding season and/or disturbance in the habitat associated with sanitary felling and salvage logging of trees. This study was conducted in the Czeszewo Forest Reserve, which protects the remnants of semi-natural flood-plain forest, and in the Łówkowiec Forest, which is a managed oak-dominated stand, during 19 seasons (2001–2019). Time series diagnostic revealed that the growth rate of population of Middle Spotted Woodpecker in protected semi-natural riverine forest and in managed oak forest was determined by first-order negative feedback, suggesting an important role of direct density-dependent mortality in the regulation of an equilibrium in population size. The effect of density-dependent process varied between study sites, being lower in riverine forest, where population size has increased distinctly in recent years. In both study areas, we detected strong positive effects of wind chill temperature during the preceding winter on population growth rates. We did not find evidence for the assumption that the increase in population growth rate is affected by weather conditions in the previous breeding season and by the disturbance in the habitat associated with sanitary felling and salvage logging of trees. Our results suggest that Middle Spotted Woodpeckers can benefit from global climate warming by an enhanced rate of winter survival or an increase in the accessibility of food, e.g., insects and other arthropods. The lack of time-lag significant correlations between population fluctuations suggests local habitat conditions, e.g., forest management, can modify inter-annual variability in time series of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker.
Normative disagreement: a functional account for inferentialists
Authors: Köhler Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere was a time when meta-ethical expressivism seemed to be the only game in town for meta-ethical non-representationalists. In recent years, though, meta-ethical inferentialism has emerged as a promising non-representationalist alternative. So far, however, inferentialists lack something that would really allow them to draw level with expressivists. This is an explanation for the distinctive difference between normative and descriptive vocabulary when it comes to disagreement—something expressivists can explain in terms of the difference between representational and desire-like states and which constitutes one of the primary motivations for expressivism. This paper develops a novel and distinctive account for this difference on behalf of inferentialists, based on the differentfunctionsof these two vocabularies. Not only does this account help inferentialists, it also shows how non-representionalist accounts can capture the relevant disagreement phenomenawithoutappealing to the sorts of desire-like states expressivists tend to appeal to.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indole Alkaloids from Leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Mice and Rats
Authors: Zhao Yun-Li , Su Min , Shang Jian-Hua , Wang Xia , Njateng Guy Sedar Singor , Bao Guang-Lei , Ma Jia , Sun Qing-Di , Yuan Fang , Wang Jing-Kun , Luo Xiao-Dong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is an evergreen tree that has been used to treat lung diseases. In this study, the toxicity profile of indole alkaloids from leaves of A. scholaris was investigated. In acute toxicity tests, mice were administered total alkaloids (TA) and five indole alkaloids. In a chronic toxicity test, rats were continuously administered TA (50, 100, and 300 mg/kg bw) for 13 weeks, followed by a 4-week recovery. A single administration of TA affected the behavior of mice, and at 12.8 g/kg bw, prone position, shortness of breath, wheezing, and convulsion were observed. The half-lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 5.48 g/kg bw, almost 2740 times the clinical dose in humans. Among the five indole alkaloids, the maximum tolerance dose in mice ranged from 0.75 to 4 g/kg bw. The TA-treated rats did not die and showed no adverse effects or dose-dependent changes in weight or food and water consumption, despite fluctuations in hematological and biochemical parameters compared with historical data. Furthermore, both gross and histopathological observations revealed no abnormalities in any organ. With daily oral administration to rats, the non-observed-adverse-effect-level of TA was 100 mg/kg bw. The results indicate that TA is safe for clinical use.

Graphic Abstract
An ethico-legal framework for social data science
Authors: Forgó Nikolaus , Hänold Stefanie , van den Hoven Jeroen , Krügel Tina , Lishchuk Iryna , Mahieu René , Monreale Anna , Pedreschi Dino , Pratesi Francesca , van Putten David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for research infrastructures enabling ethically sensitive and legally compliant data science in Europe. Our goal is to describe how to design and implement an open platform for big data social science, including, in particular, personal data. To this end, we discuss a number of infrastructural, organizational and methodological principles to be developed for a concrete implementation. These include not only systematically tools and methodologies that effectively enable both the empirical evaluation of the privacy risk and data transformations by using privacy-preserving approaches, but also the development of training materials (a massive open online course) and organizational instruments based on legal and ethical principles. This paper provides, by way of example, the implementation that was adopted within the context of the SoBigData Research Infrastructure.
Effects of climate change on cherry production in Naoussa, Greece and Bonn, Germany: adaptation strategies
Authors: Drogoudi P. , Kazantzis K. , Kunz Achim , Blanke Michael M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify sweet cherry varieties and growing regions that are resilient to climate change as well as strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change on sweet cherry production in a Northern European location (Meckenheim, Germany) and a Southern European location (Naoussa, Imathia, Greece). Sweet cherry was chosen for this study as it is sensitive to reduced chill accumulation (i.e., fewer chilling hours in winter) and to late frost damage caused by flower opening time advancement. Whereas initial predictions suggested that fruit growing in Southern Europe is particularly sensitive to climate change, our comparison of long-term records of both phenological (flowering) data and weather (frost, temperature) at both locations indicated the opposite. The annual mean temperature in Naoussa increased during 1984–2018 by 1.6 °C to 15.8 °C, whereas it increased during 1958–2018 by 1.5 °C to 9.8 °C in Meckenheim. In Naoussa, flowering was found to have advanced by 6.7 days in the late-flowering cherry cultivar ‘Tragana Edessis,’ but by as much as 8.3 days in the early flowering ‘B. Burlat,’ 1.5 days in ‘Vogue,’ and 3.2 days ‘Larian’ over the last 35 years (1984–2019). In the temperate climate of the Meckenheim cherry-growing area, flowering advanced by 14.1 days during the period 1978–2019 in the early flowering and early maturing cultivar ‘B. Burlat,’ such that it now coincides with the late spring frost. This flowering advancement in Meckenheim was almost twice that observed for ‘B. Burlat’ cherries in Naoussa. Thus, in contrast to what was previously thought, cherries grown in Naoussa may be more resilient to climate change due to the essentially frost-free climate during and after cherry flowering and the occurrence of sufficient chilling hours during winter. This strength may enable Imathia to export sweet cherries to Northern Europe in May, a time of the year when the fruit of this region is not yet available. By contrast, sweet cherry production in the colder climate at Meckenhein shows greater lowering advancement is more susceptible to frost (and therefore requires frost protection technology), making it less resilient to climate change.