bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Nickel Chemistry in Stabilizing High‐Voltage Cobalt‐Rich Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoon Moonsu , Dong Yanhao , Yoo Youngbin , Myeong Seungjun , Hwang Jaeseong , Kim Junhyeok , Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Sung Jaekyung , Kang Seok Ju , Li Ju , Cho Jaephil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA practical solution is presented to increase the stability of 4.45 V LiCoO2 via high‐temperature Ni doping, without adding any extra synthesis step or cost. How a putative uniform bulk doping with highly soluble elements can profoundly modify the surface chemistry and structural stability is identified from systematic chemical and microstructural analyses. This modification has an electronic origin, where surface‐oxygen‐loss induced Co reduction that favors the tetrahedral site and causes damaging spinel phase formation is replaced by Ni reduction that favors octahedral site and creates a better cation‐mixed structure. The findings of this study point to previously unspecified surface effects on the electrochemical performance of battery electrode materials hidden behind an extensively practiced bulk doping strategy. The new understanding of complex surface chemistry is expected to help develop higher‐energy‐density cathode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity
Authors: Eppler Haleigh B. , Jewell Christopher M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe immune system has remarkable capabilities to combat disease with exquisite selectivity. This feature has enabled vaccines that provide protection for decades and, more recently, advances in immunotherapies that can cure some cancers. Greater control over how immune signals are presented, delivered, and processed will help drive even more powerful options that are also safe. Such advances will be underpinned by new tools that probe how immune signals are integrated by immune cells and tissues. Biomaterials are valuable resources to support this goal, offering robust, tunable properties. The growing role of biomaterials as tools to dissect immune function in fundamental and translational contexts is highlighted. These technologies can serve as tools to understand the immune system across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales. A common theme is exploiting biomaterial features to rationally direct how specific immune cells or organs encounter a signal. This precision strategy, enabled by distinct material properties, allows isolation of immunological parameters or processes in a way that is challenging with conventional approaches. The utility of these capabilities is demonstrated through examples in vaccines for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy, as well as settings of immune regulation that include autoimmunity and transplantation.
Acetylene and Diacetylene Functionalized Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: A New Two‐Electron Water Oxidation Pathway
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Lei , Wan Yangyang , Zhang Ying , Qi Zeming , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Hangxun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal‐free polymer photocatalysts have shown great promise for photocatalytic H2O2 production via two‐electron reduction of molecular O2. The other half‐reaction, which is the two‐electron oxidation of water, still remains elusive toward H2O2 production. However, enabling this water oxidation pathway is critically important to improve the yield and maximize atom utilization efficiency. It is shown that introducing acetylene (CC) or diacetylene (CCCC) moieties into covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) can remarkably promote photocatalytic H2O2 production. This enhancement is inherent to the incorporated carbon–carbon triple bonds which are essential in modulating the electronic structures of CTFs and suppressing charge recombinations. Furthermore, the acetylene and diacetylene moieties can significantly reduce the energy associated with OH* formation and thus enable a new two‐electron oxidation pathway toward H2O2 production. The study unveils an important reaction pathway toward photocatalytic H2O2 production, reflecting that precise control over the chemical structures of polymer photocatalysts is vital to achieve efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.
Atomic Spatial and Temporal Imaging of Local Structures and Light Elements inside Zeolite Frameworks
Authors: Shen Boyuan , Chen Xiao , Cai Dali , Xiong Hao , Liu Xin , Meng Changgong , Han Yu , Wei Fei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdentifying the atomic structures of porous materials in spatial and temporal dimensions by (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM) is significant for their wide applications in catalysis, separation and energy storage. However, the sensitivity of materials to electron beams made it difficult to reduce the electron damage to specimens while maintaining the resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio. It is therefore still challenging to capture multiple images of the same area in one crystal to image the temporal changes of lattices. Usings integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM, atomic‐resolution imaging of beam‐sensitive zeolite frameworks is achieved with an ultralow dose of 40 e− Å−2, 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional STEM. Based on the iDPC technique, not only the atomic 3D architecture of ZSM‐5 crystals but also the changes of frameworks are observed during in situ experiments. Local structures and light‐element aromatics in ZSM‐5 crystals can also be revealed directly under iDPC‐STEM. These results provided not only an efficient tool to image beam‐sensitive materials with ultralow beam current but also a new strategy to observe and investigate the hydrocarbon pools in zeolite catalysts at the single‐molecule scale.
Asymmetric cost and benefit perceptions in willingness‐to‐donate decisions
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Hysenbelli Dorina , Dickert Stephan , Mayorga Marcus , Slovic Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharitable giving entails the act of foregoing personal resources in order to improve the conditions of other people. In the present paper, we systematically examine two dimensions integral to donation decisions that have thus far received relatively little attention but can explain charitable behavior rather well: the perceptions of cost for the donor and benefit for the recipients. In line with current theories in judgment and decision making, we hypothesize that people weigh these dimensions subjectively and perceive them asymmetrically, consistent with prospect theory. Costs for the donor are typically perceived as losses, whereas benefits for recipients are perceived as gains. In four studies, we presented several scenarios to participants in which both donation amounts (costs) and number of lives helped (benefits) were manipulated while keeping the ratio of costs and benefits constant. Results from Studies 1 and 2 showed that willingness to help decreased as donation amounts and number of lives helped increased. Additionally, Studies 3 and 4 provide evidence for a solution to reduce the asymmetry and increase donation amounts as the number of lives at risk increases.
Herausforderungen einer gleichförmigen Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen und Möglichkeiten einer rheologiegestützten Mischprozessführung
Authors: Garrecht Harald , Baumert Christian , Hampel Simon , Lisin Wladimir , Lazik Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie deutsche Bundesfernstraßeninfrastruktur umfasst rund 13 000 km Bundesautobahnen und 39 000 km Bundesstraßen. Große Teile des Straßenbestands erfordern die gänzliche Erneuerung. Bei Bundesautobahnen kommt zunehmend die Betonbauweise zum Einsatz. Entsprechend widmet sich der Beitrag einem Teilaspekt des vom Ministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur geförderten Verbundforschungsvorhabens „Betonfahrbahn 4.0“ [1], der prozesssicheren Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen. Hierin haben Verbundpartner aus der Bau‐ und Baustoffmaschinen herstellenden Industrie, der Bauwirtschaft sowie zweier universitärer Forschungsinstitute das gemeinsame Ziel, innovative Maßnahmen und Komponenten, die zur Verbesserung von Teilprozessen der Betonfahrbahnherstellung dienen, zu entwickeln und zu implementieren, um die Bündelung aller Verbesserungsmaßnahmen in der praktischen Umsetzung zu erproben. Das Vorhaben wird fachlich von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen und verwaltungstechnisch vom TÜV Rheinland begleitet.Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die zielsichere Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen. Es wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt, mit dem sich die hohen Konsistenzvorgaben für den Einbau des Frischbetons mit dem Gleitschalungsfertiger einhalten lassen. Das Verbundforschungsvorhaben bietet dem IWB, dem Otto‐Graf‐Institut und damit der MPA Universität Stuttgart Anknüpfungen an die Forschungsaktivitäten von Prof. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. mult. Otto Maximilian Graf zum Betonstraßenbau, der bereits in den 1920er‐Jahren zu den Fragen der Verwendung von Beton‐ und Eisenbeton im Straßenbau geforscht hat [2]. Auch Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Prof. h.c. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Hans‐Wolf Reinhardt, der das IWB und das Otto‐Graf‐Institut von 1990 bis 2006 leitete, widmet sich in seinen Forschungen diversen Problemstellungen der Betonbauweise im Fahrbahnbau [3]. Ihm zu Ehren sollen im Folgenden die Potenziale eines an die Rohstoffsituation angepassten „Mix‐Designs“ und einer darauf abgestimmten rheologiegestützten Mischprozessführung aufgezeigt werden.
Luminescence investigation of a cerium‐doped yttrium vanadate phosphor
Authors: Rajendra H.J. , Pandurangappa C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCerium (Ce3+)‐doped (1, 3, and 7 mol%) yttrium vanadate phosphors were prepared using a co‐precipitation technique. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The tetragonal structure and the formation of the nanosized crystallites in the YVO4:Ce phosphor were confirmed using XRD analysis. HR‐TEM morphology showed rod‐like nanoparticles of different sizes. Optical absorption spectra demonstrated strong absorption bands at 268 and 276 nm. PL spectra showed strong peaks at 546, 574, and 691 nm following excitation at 300 nm. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates demonstrated that YVO4:Ce could be used as a novel phosphor for the development of light‐emitting diode lamps.
Evaluation of a staged case‐based discussion curriculum in standardized residency training
Authors: Liu Yin , Huang Mei , Zhou Yujie , Cai Hourong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe standardized residency training in China is continuous medical education for postgraduates, which is designed to master basic knowledge, theory, and clinical skills. Case‐based discussion (CBD) is one of the main formative curricula used in standardized residency training. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a novel CBD curriculum on residents' participation, satisfaction, and confidence in clinical skills. This was a prospective study that included 28 internal medicine residents. The traditional CBD contents were adjusted. The innovative approach let residents at different stages prepare and organize the CBD cases by themselves according to different levels of complexity. The surveys were designed to measure conference occurrence and residents' attendance, participation, and satisfaction, as well as their confidence in their clinical skills. Faculty could further engage the residents at any point to deepen the discussion and learning. The surveys indicated that the residents had a high satisfaction rate with the novel‐staged CBD teaching method. Our curriculum improved conference occurrence, attendance, and participation; increased residents' self‐report of participation in learning; and raised their confidence in their clinical skills, so the CBD was well received by residents and faculty preceptors. In addition, this study demonstrated that the staged CBD increased the knowledge and evidence usage of internal medicine residents. We expect wider application of this kind of CBD in clinical practice, medical education, residency training, and patient education in the future.
Gene mutation profiling in Chinese colorectal cancer patients and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Ye Zu‐Lu , Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Tang Tao , Wang Fang , Zhou Yi‐Xin , Lei Meng‐Jie , Guan Wen‐Long , He Cai‐Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGene mutations may play an important role in the development, response to treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the mutation profiling of Chinese patients with CRC, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.MethodsThis study included 1190 Chinese CRC patients who were diagnosed between May 1998 and December 2018 and received clinical genetic testing. The OncoCarta Panel was used to test a total of 238 possible mutations in 19 common oncogenes.ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐two (48.9%) cases were detected with gene mutations. Of the 582 cases, there were 111 cases (19.7%) with two concurrent mutations, and six cases (1.0%) with three concurrent mutations. KRAS was the most common gene mutation that occurred in all cases (429, 36.1%), followed by PIK3CA (121, 10.2%), NRAS (47, 3.9%), BRAF (35, 2.9%), HRAS (11, 0.9%) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (11, 0.9%). AKT1, KIT, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLT3, CDK, ERBB2, ABL1, MET, RET and PDGFRA mutations were also detected in several cases. When it came to prognosis, we found that KRAS/NRAS/PIK3CA/BRAF mutation was not associated with prognosis. But BRAF mutation was associated with poor prognosis in patients who accepted anti‐EGFR therapy.ConclusionsThe molecular testing offered the clinical data and mutation profile of Chinese CRC patients. The information of these mutated genes may help to find out the correlation between mutated genes and the development or prognosis of CRC.
Energy optimization in a smart community grid system using genetic algorithm
Authors: ur Rehman Zia , Fatima Mulika , Khan Ahmad , Shah Sajid , Wasim Ahmad Raja , Din Ahmad , Rehman Attiqa 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA smart community grid is an electrical network, which connects several producers, consumers, and prosumers to share energy in an intelligent and secure way. The main challenges of smart community grid are demand response, demand bidding, dynamic electricity tariffs, demand‐side management, and prosumers handling. The current state‐of‐the‐art smart grid decision making is focused on consumers and producers behavior while the aim of this research is to achieve prosumer's different goals in an optimized and intelligent way. A genetic algorithm (GA)‐based solution is proposed to share energy in an optimized way without affecting the prosumers' preferences. Six prosumers smart community grids data sets are used to validate the performance of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed method significantly improves the loss of energy sharing without compromising the user's preferences.
Autophagy induction in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schmukler Eran , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA growing body of evidence indicates that autophagy, an intracellular degradation pathway, profoundly affects Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Autophagy mediates the degradation of neurotoxic material and damaged organelles, allowing their clearance by glial and neuronal cells, while impaired autophagy may account for the accumulation of protein aggregates. Accordingly, dysfunctional autophagy is one of AD hallmarks; it occurs early in the disease development, which makes it an attractive therapeutic intervention target. Therefore, in recent years, the potential of autophagy induction as a treatment for AD has been studied extensively using various autophagy inducers, most of which are already in clinical practice for other medical conditions. Albeit promising results, including in AD clinical trials, this therapeutic strategy still requires careful consideration in order to fully understand the role of autophagy in AD pathogenesis and to further improve the outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings in this field and raises open questions and new prospects.
Plant functional traits differ in adaptability and are predicted to be differentially affected by climate change
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , Andrew Margaret E. , Mazanec Richard A. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Challis Anthea , Hardy Giles , Byrne Margaret , Tissue David T. , Rymer Paul D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Climate change is testing the resilience of forests worldwide pushing physiological tolerance to climatic extremes. Plant functional traits have been shown to be adapted to climate and have evolved patterns of trait correlations (similar patterns of distribution) and coordinations (mechanistic trade‐off). We predicted that traits would differentiate between populations associated with climatic gradients, suggestive of adaptive variation, and correlated traits would adapt to future climate scenarios in similar ways.

We measured genetically determined trait variation and described patterns of correlation for seven traits: photochemical reflectance index (PRI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf size (LS), specific leaf area (SLA), δ13C (integrated water‐use efficiency, WUE), nitrogen concentration (NCONC), and wood density (WD). All measures were conducted in an experimental plantation on 960 trees sourced from 12 populations of a key forest canopy species in southwestern Australia.

Significant differences were found between populations for all traits. Narrow‐sense heritability was significant for five traits (0.15–0.21), indicating that natural selection can drive differentiation; however, SLA (0.08) and PRI (0.11) were not significantly heritable. Generalized additive models predicted trait values across the landscape for current and future climatic conditions (>90% variance). The percent change differed markedly among traits between current and future predictions (differing as little as 1.5% (δ13C) or as much as 30% (PRI)). Some trait correlations were predicted to break down in the future (SLA:NCONC, δ13C:PRI, and NCONC:WD).

Synthesis: Our results suggest that traits have contrasting genotypic patterns and will be subjected to different climate selection pressures, which may lower the working optimum for functional traits. Further, traits are independently associated with different climate factors, indicating that some trait correlations may be disrupted in the future. Genetic constraints and trait correlations may limit the ability for functional traits to adapt to climate change.
ZNRD1‐AS and RP11‐819C21.1 long non‐coding RNA changes following painful laser stimulation correlate with laser‐evoked potential amplitude and habituation in healthy subjects: A pilot study
Authors: Santoro Massimo , Vollono Catello , Pazzaglia Costanza , Di Sipio Enrica , Giordano Rocco , Padua Luca , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Valeriani Massimiliano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non‐coding RNAs that act as regulators of gene expression; they are implicated in various human diseases and have been reported to be involved in the modulation of pain. We aimed to study whether: (a) lncRNAs modifications could be found in an experimental model of pain; (b) there was a correlation between lncRNA changes and laser evoked potential (LEP) amplitude/laser‐pain rating.MethodsLaser evoked potentials were recorded from 11 healthy subjects to both left hand and perioral region stimulation. Three consecutive averages were calculated for each stimulation site in order to investigate the LEP amplitude habituation. Blood samples were obtained immediately before LEP recording (pre‐pain) and 30‐min after the recording of the last LEP average (post‐pain). Eighty‐four lncRNAs, involved in autoimmunity and human inflammatory response, were screened. The criteria used for lncRNAs analysis were fold change >2 and p < .05. By Real‐Time PCR, we identified two lncRNAs up‐regulated at the post‐pain time, as compared to the pre‐pain time: RP11‐819C21.1 (fold change = 8.2; p = .038) and ZNRD1 antisense RNA 1 non‐protein coding (ZNRD1‐AS; fold change = 6.3; p = .037).ResultsThe ZNRD1‐AS up‐regulation was directly correlated with the N1 amplitude, while the RP11‐819C21.1 increase after pain showed a correlation with the reduced N2/P2 amplitude and laser‐pain habituation.ConclusionIncRNA changes in a human experimental phasic pain model. The correlation between lncRNA changes and LEP amplitude and habituation suggests that RP11‐819C21.1 and ZNRD1‐AS could be involved in the pathophysiology of painful diseases characterized by abnormal excitability of the cerebral cortex.SignificanceLong non‐coding RNAs are upregulated after experimental pain. RP11‐819C21.1 and ZNRD1 could be involved in the pathophysiology of diseases characterized by reduced habituation to pain.
A decentralized scalable security framework for end‐to‐end authentication of future IoT communication
Authors: Sheron P.S. Febin , Sridhar K.P. , Baskar S. , Shakeel P. Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of Internet of Things (IoT) has granted multiple interoperable features for user to digital things communication. The future communication technology and service provisioning in IoT is large scaling an open environment. The large scale IoT environment is supported by sensor network and independent nodes. The intelligent computing, storage, and computation features of the nodes are inherited by the IoT paradigm for its application and service support. In such an open environment, security is a prominent issue that must be administered in a decentralized manner. In this manuscript, a decentralized and scalable security framework for future IoT is designed. This framework exploits the advantages of intelligent computing and tree‐based hash for device and request authentication to provide device‐to‐device security. The tree‐based hash is used for authenticating requests and the central authority–based security feature of the framework provides device level security, ensuring better privacy and integrity in communications. The experimental analysis of the proposed security framework is analyzed in terms of detection rate, communication loss, disconnection ratio, and delay.
Silkworm pupa oil attenuates acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress‐mediated NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Long Xingyao , Song Jiajia , Zhao Xin , Zhang Yu , Wang Hongwei , Liu Xinqi , Suo Huayi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. The current study aims to investigate the protection effects of silkworm pupa oil (SPO) against acute hepatic injury in APAP‐exposed Kunming mice. Our results showed that the liver index and the levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in mice subjected to APAP treatment were decreased by SPO. Supplement of SPO also restored hepatic histopathological alterations induced by APAP. The APAP‐induced increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐12, was reversed by SPO, which was mediated by the reduction of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 expression and the increase in the expression of IκB‐α in liver tissue. Moreover, SPO inhibited APAP‐triggered oxidative stress by decreasing MDA level and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px. Collectively, SPO attenuated hepatic injury induced by APAP, which attributed to the suppression of oxidative stress‐mediated NF‐κB signaling. Our findings suggest that SPO supplementation may be potential strategy against acute hepatic injury.