bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portfolio Seismic Loss Estimation and Risk‐based Critical Scenarios for Residential Wooden Houses in Victoria, British Columbia, and Canada
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro , Zhang Lizhong , Tesfamariam Solomon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents a city‐wide seismic risk assessment of single‐family wooden houses in Victoria, British Columbia, and Canada. The novelty and uniqueness of this study include considerations of detailed building‐by‐building exposure model for residential houses, current national seismic hazard model for Canada, and rigorous seismic fragility modeling of wooden houses based on nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures subjected to mainshock‐aftershock sequences. A full consideration of stochastic event scenarios in probabilistic seismic risk analysis allows the identification of critical scenarios from overall regional seismic risk perspectives and provides valuable insights in informing earthquake disaster risk management actions. Outputs from the developed catastrophe model for Victoria are compared with the empirical model that was developed based on insurance claim data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Results of the seismic loss calculations highlight the importance of seismic resistance of the existing houses and of aftershock effects. The integrated use of the outputs from the advanced catastrophe model facilitates risk‐based identification of critical earthquake scenarios, which are useful for different stakeholders for earthquake risk management purposes.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 inhibits angiotensin II‐induced aortic smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Chen Suwei , Chen Hong , Zhong Yongliang , Ge Yipeng , Li Chengnan , Qiao Zhiyu , Zhu Junming 
Published: September 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 and its major binding protein insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) are involved in collagen deregulation in several cardiovascular diseases: what is the role of IGFBP3 in thoracic aortic dissection and does it regulate aortic smooth muscle cells’ phenotypic switch?

What is the main finding and its importance?
IGFBP3 inhibits aortic smooth muscle cells’ phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype, decreases matrix metalloproteinase 9 activation and suppresses elastin degradation. These findings provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection.

AbstractThoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is characterized by aortic media degeneration and is a highly lethal disease. An aortic smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) phenotypic switch is considered a key pathophysiological change in TAD. Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) was found to be downregulated in aortic tissues of TAD patients. The present work aimed to study the function of IGFBP3 in AoSMCs’ phenotypic switch and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. We established a mouse model of TAD by angiotensin (Ang) II infusion to β‐aminopropionitrile‐administrated mice, and found decreased IGFBP3 expression accompanied by aortic dilatation and elastin degradation in vivo. Further, mouse (m)AoSMCs were isolated from mouse thoracic aorta and treated with Ang II. Ang II induced downregulation of IGFBP3 in vitro. To further study the function of IGFBP3, primary mAoSMCs were infected with adenovirus expressing IGFBP3 followed by Ang II induction. Enforced upregulation of IGFBP3 decreased MMP9 expression and activation as well as increasing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 expression in Ang II‐induced mAoSMCs. No difference was observed in MMP2 and TIMP3 expression. IGFBP3 suppressed subsequent Ang II‐induced elastin degradation in vitro. IGFBP3 inhibited Ang II‐induced mAoSMCs’ phenotypic switch as evidenced by increased smooth muscle actin α‐2 (ACTA2) and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) expression and decreased secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and vimentin expression. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the role of IGFBP3 in preserving AoSMCs’ contractile state and reducing MMP9 activation and thus promoting elastic fibre synthesis, which provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of TAD.
Performance of ion chromatography to measure picomole amounts of magnesium in nanolitre samples
Authors: Figueres Lucile , Prot‐Bertoye Caroline , Morla Luciana , Ferriere Elsa , Griveau Camille , Brideau Gaëlle , Baron Stéphanie , Houillier Pascal 
Published: September 2020

Key points
An UHPLC method to measure picomole amounts of magnesium has been developed.
The method is sensitive, specific, accurate and reproducible.
The method is suitable for quantifying magnesium transport across intact epithelia.
AbstractMagnesium is involved in many biological processes. Extracellular magnesium homeostasis mainly depends on the renal handling of magnesium, the study of which requires measurement of low concentrations of magnesium in renal tubular fluid. We developed an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method to measure millimolar concentrations of magnesium in nanolitre samples. Within‐assay and between‐assay coefficients of variation were lower than 5% and 6.6%, respectively. Measurement of magnesium concentration was linear (r2 = 0.9998) over the range 0–4 mmol/l. Absolute bias ranged from −0.03 to 0.05 mmol/l. The lower limit of quantification was 0.2 mmol/l. Recovery was 97.5–100.3%. No significant interference with calcium, another divalent cation present in the same samples, was detected. The method was successfully applied to quantify transepithelial magnesium transport by medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs during ex vivo microperfusion experiments. In conclusion, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography is suitable for measurement of picomole amounts of magnesium in renal tubular fluid. The method allows detailed studies of transepithelial magnesium transport across native epithelium.
“I Can’t Teach You to Be Taller”: How Canadian, Collegiate-Level Coaches Construct Talent in Sport
Authors: Jones Justine , Johnston Kathryn , Baker Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Talent identification and development are two of the most critical, yet underexplored, areas in sport sciences. Despite its importance to a host of sport stakeholders, there is a void in our understanding of how coaches construct talent. In an effort to learn more, semistructured interviews were conducted with nine (one female and eight male) collegiate-level coaches from a single Canadian institution. Social constructionism was utilized as the theoretical framework to guide this research. Reflexive thematic analysis generated two main themes: “what talent looks like” and “how talent behaves.” For the former, two subthemes, physical and psychological attributes, were highlighted through the coaches’ experiences as qualities they believe talented athletes may present. The latter reflected opinions that talent may be multidimensional and context-specific in nature. Interestingly, the coaches suggested the context and circumstances of collegiate sport may nudge them to consider other elements (i.e., academic standing, years to degree completion) during talent identification that are unique to this context. Future work in this area could seek to study other populations of coaches to provide a deeper analysis of how talent is situated in relation to different sociocultural worlds.
Deep learning for automated glaucomatous optic neuropathy detection from ultra-widefield fundus images
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Guo Chong , Lin Duoru , Nie Danyao , Zhu Yi , Chen Chuan , Zhao Lanqin , Wang Jinghui , Zhang Xulin , Dongye Meimei , Wang Dongni , Xu Fabao , Jin Chenjin , Zhang Ping , Han Yu , Yan Pisong , Han Ying , Lin Haotian 
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims
To develop a deep learning system for automated glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) detection using ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images.

Methods
We trained, validated and externally evaluated a deep learning system for GON detection based on 22 972 UWF images from 10 590 subjects that were collected at 4 different institutions in China and Japan. The InceptionResNetV2 neural network architecture was used to develop the system. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were used to assess the performance of detecting GON by the system. The data set from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) was selected to compare the performance of the system to that of ophthalmologists who mainly conducted UWF image analysis in clinics.

Results
The system for GON detection achieved AUCs of 0.983–0.999 with sensitivities of 97.5–98.2% and specificities of 94.3–98.4% in four independent data sets. The most common reasons for false-negative results were confounding optic disc characteristics caused by high myopia or pathological myopia (n=39 (53%)). The leading cause for false-positive results was having other fundus lesions (n=401 (96%)). The performance of the system in the ZOC data set was comparable to that of an experienced ophthalmologist (p>0.05).

Conclusion
Our deep learning system can accurately detect GON from UWF images in an automated fashion. It may be used as a screening tool to improve the accessibility of screening and promote the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma.
Long-term sequelae secondary to snakebite envenoming: a single centre retrospective study in a Costa Rican paediatric hospital
Authors: Brenes-Chacon Helena , Gutierrez Jose M , Camacho-Badilla Kattia , Soriano-Fallas Alejandra , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Valverde Kattia , Avila-Aguero María Luisa 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesAlthough devastating acute effects associated with snake envenoming are well described, the long-term sequelae resulting from these envenomings have not been adequately addressed, especially in the paediatric population. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical characteristics among paediatric patients in Costa Rica who developed long-term sequelae secondary to snakebite envenoming.DesignRetrospective descriptive study of paediatric patients under 13 years who were admitted with a history of a recent snakebite at the National Children’s Hospital in Costa Rica from January 2001 to December 2014.ResultsWe enrolled 74 patients admitted to our centre due to envenoming, and separated those who did not develop sequelae (50 patients) from those who did (24 patients). Of those who presented acute complications during hospitalisation, local wound infection and clinically diagnosed compartmental syndrome were significantly higher in the group that developed sequelae thereafter. Hypertrophic scars (66.7%), functional limitation of affected limb (37.5%) and the need of skin graft (37.5%) were the most common sequelae. The median follow-up of patients with long-term sequelae after discharge was 25.4 months (5.6–59.4). No deaths were reported during this time period.ConclusionsGiven the high economic, personal and healthcare burden that entails follow-up of these patients, efforts should be carried out to prevent the factors associated with sequelae among the affected population.
Biallelic variant in cyclin B3 is associated with failure of maternal meiosis II and recurrent digynic triploidy
Authors: Fatemi Nayeralsadat , Salehi Najmeh , Pignata Laura , Palumbo Pietro , Cubellis Maria Vittoria , Ramazanali Fariba , Ray Pierre , Varkiani Maryam , Reyhani-Sabet Fakhreddin , Biglari Alireza , Sparago Angela , Acurzio Basilia , Palumbo Orazio , Carella Massimo , Riccio Andrea , Totonchi Mehdi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTriploidy is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities affecting human gestation and accounts for an important fraction of first-trimester miscarriages. Triploidy has been demonstrated in a few cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) but its molecular mechanisms are unknown. This study aims to identify the genetic cause of RPL associated with fetus triploidy.MethodsWe investigated genomic imprinting, genotyped sequence-tagged site (STS) markers and performed exome sequencing in a family including two sisters with RPL. Moreover, we evaluated oocyte maturation in vivo and in vitro and effect of the candidate protein variant in silico.ResultsWhile features of hydatidiform mole were excluded, the presence of triploidy of maternal origin was demonstrated in the fetuses. Oocyte maturation was deficient and all the maternally inherited pericentromeric STS alleles were homozygous in the fetuses. A deleterious missense variant (p.V1251D) of the cyclin B3 gene (CCNB3) affecting a residue conserved in placental mammals and located in a region that can interact with the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 or cyclin-dependent kinase 2 cosegregated in homozygosity with RPL.ConclusionHere, we report a family in which a damaging variant in cyclin B3 is associated with the failure of oocyte meiosis II and recurrent fetus triploidy, implicating a rationale for CCNB3 testing in RPL.
Benzene-associated immunosuppression and chronic inflammation in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Guo Helen , Ahn Stacy , Zhang Luoping 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRecent evidence has accumulated that the immune system is intimately intertwined with cancer development. Two key characteristics of carcinogens in which the immune system plays a central role are chronic inflammation and immunosuppression. In this systematic review, we investigated the association of chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive outcomes with benzene, a widely used industrial chemical. Benzene has been confirmed to cause acute myeloid leukaemia and suspected to cause non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two cancers of the blood-forming system that affect immune cells.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed and Embase for all relevant studies using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and selected key words. The detailed review protocol, including search strategy, was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (#CRD42019138611).ResultsBased on all human studies selected in the final review, we report new evidence of a benzene-induced immunosuppressive effect on theadaptiveimmune system and activation of theinnateimmune system to cause inflammation. In particular, benzene significantly lowers the number of white blood cells, particularly lymphocytes such as CD4+T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells, and increases proinflammatory biomarkers at low levels of exposure.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of benzene’s immunotoxicity in humans. Based on results obtained from this review, we propose two potential immunotoxic mechanisms of how benzene induces leukaemia/lymphoma: (1) cancer invasion caused by proinflammatory cytokine production, and (2) cancer promotion via impaired immunosurveillance. Further studies will be required to confirm the connection between benzene exposure and its effects on the immune system.
Pocket pain, does location matter: a single-centre retrospective study of patients implanted with a spinal cord stimulator
Authors: Baranidharan Ganesan , Bretherton Beatrice , Richert Gemma , Kay Thomas , Marsh Nathan , Roberts Bethan , Romanis Charlotte 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy for alleviating pain but reported complication rates vary between healthcare centers. This study explored the prevalence of pain associated with Implantable Pulse Generators (IPGs), the component that powers the SCS system.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single site study analyzing data from 764 patients who had a fully implanted SCS between September 2013 and March 2020. Demographic data were collected together with IPG site and type, patient reported presence of IPG site pain, revisions, explants and baseline scores for neuropathic pain (using the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs questionnaire). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-tests, X2tests of independence and logistic regression modeling.ResultsIPG site pain occurred in 127 (17%) of 764 patients. These patients had higher baseline neuropathic pain scores than those who reported no IPG site pain. This complication was more common in females than males. The lowest rates of IPG site pain occurred after posterior chest wall placement and the highest rates occurred after abdominal implants. 7% of patients had revision surgery for IPG site pain (n=55) and 10 of 95 explanted patients stated that IPG site pain was a secondary influencing factor.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IPG site pain is a common complication, contributing to SCS revisions and explantation. This study shows that anatomical factors and baseline characteristics of individual patients may contribute to IPG site pain and indicates that exploration of potential factors leading to IPG revision is required.
Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) among female sex workers from Brazil: cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling
Authors: Lima Lyana Rodrigues Pinto , Almeida Nathália Alves Araujo , Horta Marco Aurélio Pereira , Belo Vinicius S , da Silva Alexandre Santos , Capelin Gina Jonasson Mousquer , Fernandes Fernanda Rodas Pires , Puga Marco Antonio Moreira , Rezende Grazielli Rocha de , Tanaka Tayana Serpa Ortiz , Castro Lisie Souza , Motta-Castro Ana Rita Coimbra , de Paula Vanessa Salete 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveFemale sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) infection due to their high numbers of sexual partners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk behaviours associated with HSV-2.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 376 FSWs were recruited by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology and answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to test for HSV-2 antibodies using commercial ELISA and for HSV-2 DNA using real-time PCR.ResultsThe seropositivity was 47.3% (178/376) for HSV-2 IgG and 10.1% (38/376) for HSV-2 IgM. HSV-2 viraemia was detected in two infected FSWs with primary infections. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, the OR for HSV-2 IgG increased with age (OR=2.53–7.90, OR=2.66–6.37) and the number of sexual partners (OR=2.30–3.25). On the other hand, daily alcohol consumption (OR=0.10) and the use of condoms during the last intercourse (OR=0.47) were protective factors against HSV-2 acquisition.ConclusionDespite the impact of FSWs in public health policies with the dissemination of sexually transmitted infections, there have been few studies performed regarding the prevalence of HSV-2 in Brazil, making it difficult to implement any control or preventative measures. The results produced here using an RDS methodology demonstrated a high prevalence, risk behaviours and primary infection among the FSWs. These results reinforce the need to implement control and preventative measures for HSV-2 infection in this population.
Dissolution of cholelithiasis in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel receiving conservative management with ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Allan Frederik , McCallum Katie Elizabeth , Genain Marie‐Aude , Harris Benjamin John , Watson Penny J 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA six‐year‐old female neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with recurrent diarrhoea, intermittent vomiting and anorexia. She was diagnosed with partially obstructive cholelithiasis with concurrent suspected chronic pancreatitis based on abdominal ultrasonography and blood biochemistry. The dog responded to conservative management with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), paracetamol and a low‐fat diet with resolution of clinical signs attributable to obstructive cholelithiasis and near‐complete dissolution of the cholelith at follow‐up eight months after presentation. In human medicine, UDCA has been reported to be effective in cholelith dissolution, prevention of cholelith formation and resolution of clinical signs due to cholelithiasis but the non‐surgical literature in veterinary medicine is limited. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of dissolution of a cholelith in a dog receiving conservative management.
Cardiac electrophysiological effects of ibuprofen in dog and rabbit ventricular preparations: possible implication to enhanced proarrhythmic risk
Authors: Pászti Bence , Prorok János , Magyar Tibor , Árpádffy-Lovas Tamás , Györe Balázs , Topál Leila , Gazdag Péter , Szlovák Jozefina , Naveed Muhammad , Jost Norbert , Nagy Norbert , Varró András , Virág László , Koncz István 
Published: September 2020

Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has recently been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but its electrophysiological effects have not yet been properly studied in isolated cardiac preparations. We studied the effects of ibuprofen on action potential characteristics and several transmembrane ionic currents using the conventional microelectrode technique and the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique on cardiac preparations and enzymatically isolated ventricular myocytes. In dog (200 µM; n = 6) and rabbit (100 µM; n = 7) papillary muscles, ibuprofen moderately but significantly prolonged repolarization at 1 Hz stimulation frequency. In dog Purkinje fibers, repolarization was abbreviated and maximal rate of depolarization was depressed in a frequency-dependent manner. Levofloxacin (40 µM) alone did not alter repolarization, but augmented the ibuprofen-evoked repolarization lengthening in rabbit preparations (n = 7). In dog myocytes, ibuprofen (250 µM) did not significantly influence IK1, but decreased the amplitude of Ito and IKr potassium currents by 28.2% (60 mV) and 15.2% (20 mV), respectively. Ibuprofen also depressed INaL and ICa currents by 19.9% and 16.4%, respectively. We conclude that ibuprofen seems to be free from effects on action potential parameters at lower concentrations. However, at higher concentrations it may alter repolarization reserve, contributing to the observed proarrhythmic risk in patients.
Capillary rise and evaporation of a liquid in a corner between a plane and a cylinder: A model of imbibition into a nanofiber mat coating
Authors: Ghillani Noemi , Heinz Michael , Gambaryan-Roisman Tatiana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWetting of surfaces with porous coating is relevant for a wide variety of technical applications, such as printing technologies and heat transfer enhancement. Imbibition and evaporation of liquids on surfaces covered with porous layers are responsible for significant improvement of cooling efficiency during drop impact cooling and flow boiling on such surfaces. Up to now, no reliable model exists which is able to predict the kinetics of imbibition coupled with evaporation on surfaces with porous coatings. In this work, we consider one of possible mechanisms of imbibition on a substrate covered by a nanofiber mat. This is the capillary pressure-driven flow in a corner formed between a flat substrate and a fiber attached to it. The shape and the area of the cross-section occupied by the liquid as well as the capillary pressure change along the flow direction. A theoretical/numerical model of simultaneous imbibition and evaporation is developed, in which viscosity, surface tension and evaporation are taken into account. At the beginning of the process the imbibition length is proportional to the square root of time, in agreement with the Lucas-Washburn law. As the influence of evaporation becomes significant, the imbibition rate decreases. The model predictions are compared with experimental data for imbibition of water-ethanol mixtures into nanofiber mat coatings.