bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feel Thine Own Self – Mood Congruency Evaluation of Emotional State Adjectives
Authors: Grzybowski Szczepan J. , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Kaiser Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The goal of the study was to explore event-related potential (ERP) differences during the processing of emotional adjectives that were evaluated as congruent or incongruent with the current mood. We hypothesized that the first effects of congruence evaluation would be evidenced during the earliest stages of semantic analysis. Sixty mood adjectives were presented separately for 1,000 ms each during two sessions of mood induction. After each presentation, participants evaluated to what extent the word described their mood. The results pointed to incongruence marking of adjective’s meaning with current mood during early attention orientation and semantic access stages (the P150 component time window). This was followed by enhanced processing of congruent words at later stages. As a secondary goal the study also explored word valence effects and their relation to congruence evaluation. In this regard, no significant effects were observed on the ERPs; however, a negativity bias (enhanced responses to negative adjectives) was noted on the behavioral data (RTs), which could correspond to the small differences traced on the late positive potential.
Revealing the Intensity of Turbulent Energy Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Cabanes Simon , Espa Stefania , Galperin Boris , Young Roland M. B. , Read Peter L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImages of the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn show highly turbulent storms and swirling clouds that reflect the intensity of turbulence in their atmospheres. Quantifying planetary turbulence is inaccessible to conventional tools, however, since they require large quantities of spatially and temporally resolved data. Here we show, using experiments, observations, and simulations, that potential vorticity (PV) is a straightforward and universal diagnostic that can be used to estimate turbulent energy transfer in a stably stratified atmosphere. We use the conservation of PV to define a length scale, LM, representing a typical distance over which PV is mixed by planetary turbulence. LM increases as the turbulent intensity increases and can be estimated from any latitudinal PV profile. Using this principle, we estimate LM within Jupiter's and Saturn's tropospheres, showing for the first time that turbulent energy transfer in Saturn's atmosphere is four times less intense than Jupiter's.
Out of the Ice Age: Megatides of the Arctic Ocean and the Bølling‐Ållerød, Younger Dryas Transition
Authors: Velay-Vitow Jesse , Richard Peltier W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe most recent deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets began slowly subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) but was soon thereafter marked by a series of extremely rapid climate events, namely, Heinrich Event 1 (H1), the Bølling‐Ållerød (B‐A), and the Younger Dryas (YD). We show that a tidally forced marine ice stream instability mechanism, recently implicated as responsible for H1, may also have created the conditions required for the occurrence of the YD. Strong buoyancy forcing acting at the point of entry of the Amundsen Gulf Ice Stream (AGIS) into the Arctic Ocean would have destabilized the ice stream leading to its elimination. This buoyancy forcing was initially provided by the intense polar warming associated with the B‐A acting in conjunction with the moderately high‐amplitude tides that had existed since LGM. This initial destabilization led to a highly significant amplification of the tidal egime and thus AGIS destruction.
Alpha Transmitter Signal Reflection and Triggered Emissions
Authors: Gu Wenyao , Chen Lunjin , Xia Zhiyang , An Xin , Horne Richard B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRussian Alpha radio navigation system (RSDN‐20) emits F1 = 11.9 kHz signals into the magnetosphere which propagate as whistler mode waves. Observed by waveform continuous burst mode from Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on Van Allen Probes, a case is presented and featured with ducted propagation, multiple reflections, and triggered emissions. Both risers and fallers appear in the triggered emissions. We use a ray tracing method to demonstrate ducted propagation, which has a similar wave normal angle near 150° as the observation. The arrival time of reflected signals is estimated using propagation analysis and compared with the observed signal arrival time. To test the nonlinear cyclotron resonance theory, the interaction region scale and the order of chirping rate in triggered emission are estimated. The estimated interaction region scale of MLAT = −3° is smaller than the observed MLAT = −6°. The discrepancy may be caused by the parallel propagation assumption and background field model.
Transformation of Generation Processes From Small Runoff Events to Large Floods
Authors: Tarasova L. , Basso S. , Merz R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMixture of runoff generation processes poses a challenge for predicting upper flood quantiles. We examined transformations of generation processes from all identifiable runoff events to frequent and upper tail floods for a large set of mesoscale catchments and observed a substantial change of the dominant processes. Two trajectories of transformation were detected. In regions where floods occur almost exclusively in winter the dominance of processes related to snowmelt consistently increases from small events to frequent and upper tail floods. In catchments characterized by frequent winter‐spring floods and occasional summer‐autumn flood events triggered by rare meteorological phenomena (e.g., Vb cyclones), processes that dominate upper tails are not adequately represented in the sample of frequent floods. Predictions of extremes and projections of flood changes might remain highly uncertain in the latter cases.
Variability of the Solar Wind Flow Asymmetry in the Martian Magnetosheath Observed by MAVEN
Authors: Romanelli N. , DiBraccio G. , Halekas J. , Dubinin E. , Gruesbeck J. , Espley J. , Poh G. , Ma Y. , Luhmann J. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe perform the first statistical analysis of effects that different external conditions have on a solar wind (SW) flow asymmetry observed in the Martian magnetosheath due to mass loading, making use of ∼5 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations. We find that the difference between the mean magnetosheath SW velocity component along the SW convective electric field direction in regions in the positive and negative hemispheres displays a strong linear correlation with the ratio between the upstream Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) cross‐flow component (By) and the SW proton density (nsw). The asymmetry is maximized (∼25–35 km s−1) for low nsw (∼1 cm−3) and large IMF By (∼2 nT). These results suggest that the SW flow asymmetry variability is due to a force arising from the differential streaming between SW protons and oxygen ions, with boundary conditions partly defined by the pristine SW properties.
Measuring Theoretical and Actual Observation Influence in the Met Office UKV: Application to Doppler Radial Winds
Authors: Fowler A. M. , Simonin D. , Waller J. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn numerical weather prediction it is important to objectively measure the value of the observations assimilated. However, methods such as the forecast sensitivity to observation impact and observing system experiments are difficult to apply to convective scale data assimilation (DA) systems such as the Met Office's UK Variable‐resolution model (UKV). We develop a new method to estimate the influence of the observations on the analysis, acknowledging that the influence depends not only on the uncertainty in the observations and prior, but how well these are prescribed in the assimilation. Monitoring both the actual and theoretical observation influence can flag observations that are being assimilated incorrectly and quantify the harm caused to the analysis. By applying these new estimates of the observation influence to the assimilation of Doppler Radial Winds in the UKV system, we demonstrate their ability, along with expert knowledge, to inform the optimization of both the observation network and DA system.
Along‐Margin Variations in Breakup Volcanism at the Eastern North American Margin
Authors: Greene John A. , Tominaga Masako , Miller Nathaniel C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe model the magnetic signature of rift‐related volcanism to understand the distribution and volume of magmatic activity that occurred during the breakup of Pangaea and early Atlantic opening at the Eastern North American Margin (ENAM). Along‐strike variations in the amplitude and character of the prominent East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA) suggest that the emplacement of the volcanic layers producing this anomaly similarly varied along the margin. We use three‐dimensional magnetic forward modeling constrained by seismic interpretations to identify along‐margin variations in volcanic thickness and width that can explain the observed amplitude and character of the ECMA. Our model results suggest that the ECMA is produced by a combination of both first‐order (~600–1,000 km) and second‐order (~50–100 km) magmatic segmentation. The first‐order magmatic segmentation could have resulted from preexisting variations in crustal thickness and rheology developed during the tectonic amalgamation of Pangaea. The second‐order magmatic segmentation developed during continental breakup and likely influenced the segmentation and transform fault spacing of the initial, and modern, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. These variations in magmatism show how extension and thermal weakening was distributed at the ENAM during continental breakup and how this breakup magmatism was related to both previous and subsequent Wilson cycle stages.
Reconstructing Western Boundary Current Stability in the North Atlantic Ocean for the Past 700 Kyr From Globorotalia truncatulinoides Coiling Ratios
Authors: Billups Katharina , Vizcaíno Maoli , Chiarello Josephine , Kaiser Emily A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDown‐core changes in the coiling direction of Globorotalia truncatulinoides in the northwestern subtropical Atlantic (KNR140‐37PC and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1063, 1059, 1056, 1058) provide a tracer for the hydrographic conditions in the western boundary current over the past 700 kyr (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS, 1–17). A consistent association between percent G. truncatulinoides (sinistral) abundances, total test counts, and bulk sediment CaCO3 content is established by MIS 11 suggesting a response to ocean‐atmosphere interactions during the mid Brunhes event. Commencing with MIS 11, interglacial maxima are associated with high total test counts and either distinct sinistral test minima (MIS 9e, 11c) or maxima (MIS 1, 5e, 7a). High sinistral test abundances with relatively high test counts is similar to the late Holocene relationship at the study sites. Low sinistral test abundances despite high test counts means that coiling ratios are dominated by dextral forms. We interpret this pattern to indicate more intense flow in the subtropical gyre either via the western boundary current drawing toward the gyre center, or a more northern influence of the North Equatorial and Antilles Currents. This suggests that the western boundary current may have been more intense during MIS 11c and MIS 9e then during MIS 7a, MIS 5e, and MIS 1 consistent with climate warm anomalies in northern Europe at these times. Regardless of the mechanism, the observation that minima and maxima in sinistral test abundances are prolonged at these times indicates that the western gyre boundary remained stable during relative warm intervals.
Partitioning of Historical Precipitation Into Evaporation and Runoff Based on Hydrologic Dynamics Identified With Recent SMAP Satellite Measurements
Authors: Akbar Ruzbeh , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Salvucci Guido D. , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrowave brightness temperature observations from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission and gauge‐based precipitation data over the United States are used to reconstruct the soil water loss function and then historical (1979–2019) hydrological fluxes in the form of evapotranspiration (ET) and drainage (D) are quantified. Over the period of study, with the exception of snowy and hyper‐arid regions, we observe a correlation of R2 > 0.6 between SMAP‐precipitation derived drainage estimates and streamflow measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). There is a bias between estimated drainage and USGS streamflow with an underestimation of about 1 mm day−1 in southwest United States to 3 mm day−1 in parts of the eastern United States. SMAP‐derived sensitivities of drainage and ET partitioning with respect to precipitation anomalies are also calculated. In parts of the Great Plains the drainage partitioning exhibits a near‐linear response, while in the southeast United States, the response is nonlinear. Partitioning also is examined for 6 four‐digit hydrologic unit basins wherein year‐to‐year variations in drainage partitioning are shown to be key mediators in translating precipitation anomalies into streamflow anomalies. Observation‐driven drainage and ET estimates are obtained without relying on full hydrologic and Land Surface Models (LSMs). This independence (isolation from model parameterization assumptions) provides a path toward using satellite‐derived landscape hydrological diagnostics to assess hydrologic models and LSMs as well as to guide their further development.
Water Temperature Controls for Regulated Canyon‐Bound Rivers
Authors: Mihalevich Bryce A. , Neilson Bethany T. , Buahin Caleb A. , Yackulic Charles B. , Schmidt John C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany canyon‐bound rivers have been dammed and downstream flow and water temperatures modified. In some regions, climate change is expected to cause lower storage in reservoirs and warmer release temperatures, which may further alter downstream flow and thermal regimes. To anticipate potential future changes, we first need to understand the dominant heat transfer mechanisms in canyon‐bound river systems. Toward this end, we adapt a dynamic process‐based river routing and temperature model to account for complex shading and radiation characteristics found in canyon‐bound rivers. We apply the model to a 362 km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, USA to simulate temperature over an 18‐year period. Extensive temperature and flow data sets from within the canyon were used to assess model performance. At the most downstream gaging location, root mean square errors of hourly flow routing and temperature predictions were 11.5 m3/s and 0.93°C, respectively. We found that heat fluxes controlling temperatures were highly variable over space and time, primarily due to shortwave radiation dynamics and hydropeaking flow conditions. Additionally, the large differences between air and water temperature during summer periods resulted in high sensible and latent heat fluxes. Sensitivity analyses indicate that reservoir release temperatures are most influential above the RM88 gage (141 km below Glen Canyon Dam), while a combination of discharge, shortwave radiation, and air temperature become more important farther downstream. This study illustrates the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal variability of topographic shading when predicting water temperatures in canyon‐bound rivers.
Potential virus-mediated nitrogen cycling in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters
Authors: Gazitúa M Consuelo , Vik Dean R , Roux Simon , Gregory Ann C , Bolduc Benjamin , Widner Brittany , Mulholland Margaret R , Hallam Steven J , Ulloa Osvaldo , Sullivan Matthew B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Viruses play an important role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems. Beyond mortality and gene transfer, viruses can reprogram microbial metabolism during infection by expressing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in photosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and nutrient cycling. While previous studies have focused on AMG diversity in the sunlit and dark ocean, less is known about the role of viruses in shaping metabolic networks along redox gradients associated with marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here, we analyzed relatively quantitative viral metagenomic datasets that profiled the oxygen gradient across Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ waters, assessing whether OMZ viruses might impact nitrogen (N) cycling via AMGs. Identified viral genomes encoded six N-cycle AMGs associated with denitrification, nitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and nitrite transport. The majority of these AMGs (80%) were identified in T4-like Myoviridae phages, predicted to infect Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, or in unclassified archaeal viruses predicted to infect Thaumarchaeota. Four AMGs were exclusive to anoxic waters and had distributions that paralleled homologous microbial genes. Together, these findings suggest viruses modulate N-cycling processes within the ETSP OMZ and may contribute to nitrogen loss throughout the global oceans thus providing a baseline for their inclusion in the ecosystem and geochemical models.
Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150), a newly available nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Satoh Fumitoshi , Ito Sadayoshi , Itoh Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Shibata Hirotaka , Ichihara Atsuhiro , Omura Masao , Takahashi Katsutoshi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Iijima Setsuko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers are very beneficial for patients with hypertension and primary aldosteronism (PA). We investigated the efficacy and safety of a newly available nonsteroidal MR blocker, esaxerenone, in Japanese patients with hypertension and PA. A multicenter, open-label study was conducted in Japan between October 2016 and July 2017. Patients with hypertension and PA received 12 weeks of treatment with esaxerenone, initiated at 2.5 mg/day and escalated to 5 mg/day during week 2 or 4 of treatment, based on individual response. The only other permitted antihypertensive therapies were stable dosages of a Ca2+ channel blocker or α-blocker. The primary efficacy outcome was a change in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) from baseline to the end of treatment. Forty-four patients were included; dose escalation to 5 mg/day was implemented for 41 of these patients. Significant decreases in SBP and DBP were observed (point estimates [95% confidence interval] −17.7 [−20.6, −14.7] and −9.5 [−11.7, −7.3] mmHg, respectively; both p < 0.0001 at the end of treatment). Significant BP reductions were evident from week 2 and continued through to week 8; BP remained stable until week 12. The antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone on SBP was significantly greater in females and in patients receiving monotherapy. The major drug-related adverse events were serum K+ increase and estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease (both 4.5%, n = 2); no gynecomastia or breast pain was observed. We conclude that esaxerenone is a potent MR blocker with favorable efficacy and safety profiles in patients with hypertension and PA.
Adding salt to expand voltage window of humid ionic liquids
Authors: Chen Ming , Wu Jiedu , Ye Ting , Ye Jinyu , Zhao Chang , Bi Sheng , Yan Jiawei , Mao Bingwei , Feng Guang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHumid hydrophobic ionic liquids—widely used as electrolytes—have narrowed electrochemical windows due to the involvement of water, absorbed on the electrode surface, in electrolysis. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to explore effects of adding Li salt in humid ionic liquids on the water adsorbed on the electrode surface. Results reveal that most of the water molecules are pushed away from both cathode and anode, by adding salt. The water remaining on the electrode is almost bound with Li+, having significantly lowered activity. The Li+-bonding and re-arrangement of the surface-adsorbed water both facilitate the inhibition of water electrolysis, and thus prevent the reduction of electrochemical windows of humid hydrophobic ionic liquids. This finding is testified by cyclic voltammetry measurements where salt-in-humid ionic liquids exhibit enlarged electrochemical windows. Our work provides the underlying mechanism and a simple but practical approach for protection of humid ionic liquids from electrochemical performance degradation.
Attosecond spectroscopy reveals alignment dependent core-hole dynamics in the ICl molecule
Authors: Marroux Hugo J. B. , Fidler Ashley P. , Ghosh Aryya , Kobayashi Yuki , Gokhberg Kirill , Kuleff Alexander I. , Leone Stephen R. , Neumark Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe removal of electrons located in the core shells of molecules creates transient states that live between a few femtoseconds to attoseconds. Owing to these short lifetimes, time-resolved studies of these states are challenging and complex molecular dynamics driven solely by electronic correlation are difficult to observe. Here, we obtain few-femtosecond core-excited state lifetimes of iodine monochloride by using attosecond transient absorption on iodine 4d−16p transitions around 55 eV. Core-level ligand field splitting allows direct access of excited states aligned along and perpendicular to the ICl molecular axis. Lifetimes of 3.5 ± 0.4 fs and 4.3 ± 0.4 fs are obtained for core-hole states parallel to the bond and 6.5 ± 0.6 fs and 6.9 ± 0.6 fs for perpendicular states, while nuclear motion is essentially frozen on this timescale. Theory shows that the dramatic decrease of lifetime for core-vacancies parallel to the covalent bond is a manifestation of non-local interactions with the neighboring Cl atom of ICl.
Computer vision for pattern detection in chromosome contact maps
Authors: Matthey-Doret Cyril , Baudry Lyam , Breuer Axel , Montagne Rémi , Guiglielmoni Nadège , Scolari Vittore , Jean Etienne , Campeas Arnaud , Chanut Philippe Henri , Oriol Edgar , Méot Adrien , Politis Laurent , Vigouroux Antoine , Moreau Pierrick , Koszul Romain , Cournac Axel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChromosomes of all species studied so far display a variety of higher-order organisational features, such as self-interacting domains or loops. These structures, which are often associated to biological functions, form distinct, visible patterns on genome-wide contact maps generated by chromosome conformation capture approaches such as Hi-C. Here we present Chromosight, an algorithm inspired from computer vision that can detect patterns in contact maps. Chromosight has greater sensitivity than existing methods on synthetic simulated data, while being faster and applicable to any type of genomes, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts and mammals. Our method does not require any prior training dataset and works well with default parameters on data generated with various protocols.