bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures following liver transplantation: Long‐term results from a single‐center experience
Authors: Barbaro Federico , Tringali Andrea , Larghi Alberto , Baldan Anna , Onder Graziano , Familiari Pietro , Boškoski Ivo , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesStudies on endoscopic treatment of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NABS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are scanty and with a short follow‐up. The long‐term results of endoscopic treatment with plastic stents of NABS following OLT were analyzed.MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive enrolled patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for NABS after OLT between 1997 and 2015. Endoscopic treatment success was defined as stricture resolution, without recurrence.ResultsDuring the study period, 33 patients with NABS underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in our center. A total of 68 ERCP were performed with a 4.4% of procedure‐related adverse events. Mortality related to cholangitis secondary to endoscopic procedures was 12%. After median follow‐up of 70.3 months from stents removal, NABS resolution was obtained in 12 out of 24 (50%) patients. Only one case of late NABS recurrence was observed which was successfully retreated endoscopically. According to our data analysis NABS occurring <12 months from OLT showed a worse prognosis (P < 0.04).ConclusionsThe follow‐up of this study confirms that endoscopic treatment of NABS is unsatisfactory. However, patients who respond to endoscopic treatment maintain the response over time. Prompt treatment of acute cholangitis due to stents occlusion is advised in these patients to avoid high mortality rates.
Morphine use in the neonatal period and later neuropsychological development: a systematic review
Authors: Gao Haixia , Gao Honglian , Li Mei , Zhang Hua , Wang Danwen , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2020

AimTo identify and evaluate the evidence documenting the association between neonatal morphine and later childhood neuropsychological development.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature search of eight electronic databases from inception until June 2019. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies recruiting neonates who received morphine treatment, and measuring neuropsychological development outcomes with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months.ResultsTwelve separate reports from three RCTs and five cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Owing to the small number of the included trials and the variable study designs, a meta‐analysis was not performed. The findings from this review indicated that neonatal morphine use had no adverse effects on behaviour, cognition, motor, and executive function development at 8 to 9 years and earlier; except for the inconsistent conclusions on internalizing behavioural problems at 5 to 7 years and cognitive and motor developments at 18 months.InterpretationWhy a child needs morphine may have a more profound impact on later neuropsychological development than morphine itself. The small number, high heterogeneity, and limitations of the included studies limit confidence in the result of this systematic review.What this paper adds

Randomized controlled trials indicate that neonatal morphine had no adverse effect on later neuropsychological development.

Cohort studies suggest that neonatal morphine might be associated with poorer motor and cognitive development.

Cohort studies also suggest that neonatal morphine might be associated with more internalizing behavioural problems.
Skin autofluorescence in people with type 1 diabetes and people without diabetes: An eight‐decade cross‐sectional study with evidence of accelerated aging and associations with complications
Authors: Januszewski A. S. , Xu D. , Cho Y. H. , Benitez‐Aguirre P. Z. , O’Neal D. N. , Craig M. E. , Donaghue K. C. , Jenkins A. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo measure skin autofluorescence in youth (<18 y.o.) and adults (≥18 y.o.) and to assess its relationship with type 1 diabetes, chronic complications and smoking.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study (n = 383) skin autofluorescence was measured in 269 people with type 1 diabetes (67 with vascular complications) and 114 people without diabetes, covering eight decades of age. Associations of skin autofluorescence with demographics and traditional risk factors were assessed.ResultsSkin autofluorescence increased with age in people with diabetes: for those with complications it increased by a mean ± se of 0.029 ± 0.003 arbitrary units per year (r = 0.76) and, for those without complications, it increased by 0.028 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.77). These increases were higher than for people without diabetes, whose skin autofluorescence increased by 0.022 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.78) per year (p = 0.004). Mean ±se age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in people with diabetes complications vs people without diabetes complications (1.85 ± 0.04 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 arbitrary units) and people without diabetes (1.48 ± 0.03 arbitrary units; all P < 0.0001). Age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in current smokers and recent ex‐smokers vs non‐smokers and longer‐term ex‐smokers (1.86 ± 0.06 vs 1.63 ± 0.02 arbitrary units; P = 0.0005). Skin autofluorescence area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94) for retinopathy and 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.65) for nephropathy.ConclusionsSkin autofluorescence increases with age, but faster in people with diabetes, particularly in those with complications and in smokers, consistent with accelerated aging. Skin autofluorescence may facilitate complication screening and prediction. Longitudinal studies are merited.
Male orientation on vocalization perches could optimize acoustic signal transmission in anurans
Authors: Sandoval Luis , Barrantes Gilbert , Protti‐Sánchez Francesca , García‐Rodríguez Adrián 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcoustic signals are distorted by vegetation, wind currents, or other sounds when transmitted through the environment. Consequently, vocalizations with features that optimize sound transmission or behaviors that improve the efficacy of communication have evolved in many animal species. Among behavioral strategies, some species call from perches above the ground to increase the propagation distance of their acoustic signals. However, the orientation in the perch also influences the transmission of the vocalizations, so that frogs calling from different orientations (i.e., horizontal, upward, or downward) may affect differently the quality and efficacy of sound transmission. We implemented a sound transmission experiment to test for the effect of calling orientation (upward, downward, and horizontal) and distance on the attenuation and degradation of advertisement calls in the common dink frog Diasporus diastema. We broadcasted and re‐recorded advertisement calls at 2 m height, setting the speaker in three directions (upward, downward, and horizontal) to simulate different signaler orientations. We found that attenuation of the advertisement calls is significantly reduced when the speaker was directed either upward or downward, rather than horizontally. However, the degradation of call is lower when the speaker is direct horizontally. Since calls produced from either upward or downward orientations could travel farther, they could be used to signal male spatial location, while calls produced from a horizontal position could provide information on male quality at shorter distances at advanced phases of courtship.
Addressing the New Item problem in video recommender systems by incorporation of visual features with restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Hazrati Naieme , Elahi Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the past years, the research of video recommender systems (RSs) has been mainly focussed on the development of novel algorithms. Although beneficial, still any algorithm may fail to recommend video items that the system has no form of data associated to them (New Item Cold Start). This problem occurs when a new item is added to the catalogue of the system and no data are available for that item. In content‐based RSs, the video items are typically represented by semantic attributes, when generating recommendations. These attributes require a group of experts or users for annotation, and still, the generated recommendations might not capture a complete picture of the users' preferences, for example, the visual tastes of users on video style. This article addresses this problem by proposing recommendation based on novel visual features that do not require human annotation and can represent visual aspects of video items. We have designed a novel evaluation methodology considering three realistic scenarios, that is, (a) extreme cold start, (b) moderate cold start and (c) warm‐start scenario. We have conducted a set of comprehensive experiments, and our results have shown the superior performance of recommendations based on visual features, in all of the evaluation scenarios.
Secondary Headache: Current Update
Authors: Zhu Kai , Born Dawson W. , Dilli Esma 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review some of the causes of secondary headache particularly focusing on the subcategories of secondary headache in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, the clinical features of these headaches, and their associated features and management.OverviewHeadache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck, headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder, headache attributed to non‐vascular intracranial disorder, headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal, headache attributed to infection, headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis, and headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eye, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or other facial or cervical structure are discussed in this paper.DiscussionHeadache is a common symptom of multiple medical conditions. Although a minority of headache patients have a secondary basis for their headaches, it is important to identify clinical features of secondary headache disorders including both the headache and non‐headache features of the condition, diagnose the secondary etiology correctly, and treat them appropriately.
Intrinsic microstructures of silica‐bonded porous nano‐SiC ceramics
Authors: Malik Rohit , Kim Young‐Wook , Nam Woo H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilica‐bonded porous SiC ceramics were fabricated using nano‐β‐SiC powder‐carbon black template compacts by sintering in air at 600°C‐1200°C. The intrinsic microstructures of the porous ceramics were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, which led to the following observations: (a) a core (SiC)‐shell (SiO2) structure was formed, owing to the partial oxidation of nano‐SiC particles during sintering; (b) a low‐temperature (800°C) β‐to‐α polytypic phase transformation was observed, owing to the oxidation‐induced residual thermal stresses; and (c) non‐graphitic carbons were precipitated inside the SiC core, owing to the segregation of C atoms emitted at the strained SiC‐SiO2 interface.
The role of hospital nurses in shared decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Bos‐van den Hoek Danique W. , Thodé Maureen , Jongerden Irene P. , Van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Tange Dorien , Henselmans Inge , Pasman H. Roeline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine hospital nurses’ perception of their actual and potential contribution to shared decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment and their perception of the pre‐conditions for such a contribution.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 18 hospital nurses who were involved in care for patients with life‐threatening illnesses. Data were collected from October 2018‐January 2019. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis by two researchers.ResultsNurses experienced varying degrees of influence on decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment. Besides, we identified different points of contact in the treatment trajectory at which nurses could be involved in treatment decision‐making. Nurses’ descriptions of behaviours that potentially contribute to shared decision‐making were classified into three roles as follows: checking the quality of a decision, complementing shared decision‐making and facilitating shared decision‐making. Pre‐conditions for fulfilling the roles identified in this study were: (a) the transfer of information among nurses and between nurses and other healthcare professionals; (b) a culture where there is a positive attitude to nurses' involvement in decision‐making; (c) a good relationship with physicians; (d) knowledge and skills; (e) sufficient time; and (f) a good relationship with patients.ConclusionNurses described behaviour that reflected a supporting role in shared decision‐making about patients’ life‐prolonging treatment, although not all nurses experienced this involvement as such. Nurses can enhance the shared decision‐making process by checking the decision quality and by complementing and facilitating shared decision‐making.ImpactNurses are increasingly considered instrumental in the shared decision‐making process. To facilitate their contribution, future research should focus on the possible impact of nurses’ involvement in treatment decision‐making and on evidence‐based training to raise awareness and offer guidance for nurses on how to adopt this role.
Efficacy and safety of combination PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint inhibitors for malignant solid tumours: A systematic review
Authors: Yao Qigu , Gu Lihu , Su Rong , Chen Bangsheng , Cao Hongcui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTreatment of multiple malignant solid tumours with programmed death (PD)‐1/PD ligand (PD‐L) 1 inhibitors has been reported. However, the efficacy and immune adverse effects of combination therapies are controversial. This meta‐analysis was performed with PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from their inception until January 2020. Random‐effect model was adopted because of relatively high heterogeneity. We also calculated hazard ratio (HR) of progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events (AEs), the incidence of grade 3‐5 AEs by tumour subgroup, therapeutic schedules and therapy lines. Nineteen articles were selected using the search strategy for meta‐analysis. Combined PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors prolonged OS and PFS (HR 0.72, P < 0.001) and (HR 0.66, P < 0.001). In addition, incidence of all‐grade and grade 3‐5 AEs was not significant in the two subgroup analyses (HR 1.01, P = 0.31) and (HR 1.10, P = 0.07), respectively. Our meta‐analysis indicated that combination therapy with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors had greater clinical benefits and adverse events were not increased significantly.
Disease severity and trigger factors in Danish children with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide study
Authors: Gerner T. , Haugaard J.H. , Vestergaard C. , Deleuran M. , Jemec G.B. , Mortz C.G. , Agner T. , Egeberg A. , Skov L. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease of childhood. However, little is known about self‐reported trigger factors, impact on daily life and factors associated with AD severity.MethodsA nationwide questionnaire study of children in Denmark with hospital‐diagnosed AD in the time period 2014–2018. The web‐based questionnaire was completed by the legal parents. AD severity was assessed using Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) tool.ResultsOf 3438 invited parents, 1343 (39%) completed the questionnaire. Factors associated with severe AD were onset during the first 6 months of life, onset of AD on multiple body regions, a history of hay fever, female sex and low maternal educational level. Staying home from daycare or school due to AD, concentration problems and sleep disturbances in the child were more frequently reported by parents to children with severe AD. Overall, 90% reported at least one AD trigger factor, and all were more frequently reported in children with severe AD. The three most commonly reported trigger factors were cold weather (51.9%), chlorinated water (35.7%) and warm weather (30.2%).ConclusionsWe identified factors associated with severe AD in childhood, the impact on daily life, as well as the most common self‐reported triggers of AD. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice to inform about prognosis and educate families about trigger avoidance.
Epidermoid cyst removal with CO2 laser fenestration: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Dehua , Zhou Eray Yihui , Chen Dian , Tuan Hsiaohan , Zhao Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidermoid cyst (EC) is a common and benign tumor, which can occur anywhere on the skin. Surgical excision is usually considered as the first‐line treatment. However, linear scars arising after excision for EC remain a cosmetic problem.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of EC removal assisted with CO2 laser fenestration.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with EC and treated with CO2 laser fenestration, content extrusion, and removal of the cyst wall between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, were included in this study. After a follow‐up period ranging from 6 to 27 months, scarring, recurrence, complications, and satisfaction were assessed and analyzed.ResultsForty‐three of the 47 patients have been cured by a single operation. The recurrence rate was 8.5%, which was not significantly correlated with tumor sizes or locations. 46.8% of the patients had no obvious scar after treatment. No infections or complications were observed in any of these cases. 89.4% of the patients were satisfied with the effectiveness of the treatment, while 95.7% and 87.2% were satisfied with the comfort and the cosmetic results, respectively.ConclusionsCO2 laser fenestration‐assisted removal procedure is effective for the treatment of ECs with good aesthetic outcome.
Analysis of risk factors for patients with early‐stage cervical cancer: A study of 374 patients
Authors: Ueda Kazu , Yanaihara Nozomu , Iida Yasushi , Kobayashi Ritsuko , Kato Sayako , Matsuda Yuna , Tomita Keisuke , Yamamura Nami , Saito Ryosuke , Hirose Sou , Kuroda Takafumi , Seki Toshiyuki , Saito Motoaki , Takano Hirokuni , Yamada Kyosuke , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the postoperative histological features affecting the prognosis of patients with early‐stage cervical cancer who underwent open radical hysterectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 374 patients with pT1a, 1b1 and 2a1 early‐stage cervical cancer who underwent open radical hysterectomy between 2001 and 2018. Survival outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log‐rank test. Using the Cox proportional hazards regression test, we conducted a multivariate analysis for disease‐free survival and overall survival.ResultsOthers histology, including other epithelial tumors and neuroendocrine tumors, had a significantly worse prognosis in both disease‐free survival and overall survival than those of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio, 4.37 and 11.76; P = 0.006 and P = 0.002, respectively), along with lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio, 2.99 and 7.03; P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionOthers histology including adenosquamous carcinoma had a poor prognosis in early‐stage cervical cancer as with high‐risk factors.
Cost of Increasing Years‐of‐Life‐Gained (YLG) Using Fecal Immunochemical Testing as a Population‐Level Screening Model in a Rural Appalachian Population
Authors: Crosby Richard A. , Mamaril Cesar B. , Collins Tom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeGiven the innovation of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) to detect polyps in the rectum and colon for removal by colonoscopy, it is important to determine the cost per Life‐Year Gained (LYG) when using FIT as a population‐level screening model. This is particularly true for medically underserved rural populations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make this determination among rural Appalachians experiencing isolation and economic challenges.MethodsThe study occurred in an 8‐county area of southeastern Kentucky. Kits were distributed to 1,424 residents. Seven hundred thirty‐two kits (51.4%) were completed and returned. A Markov decision‐analytic model was developed using PrecisionTree 7.6.FindingsReactive test results occurred for 144 of the completed kits (19.7%). Thirty‐seven colonoscopies were verified, with 15 of these indicating precancerous changes or actual cancer. Program costs were estimated at $461,952, with the average cost per person screened estimated at $324. Cost per LYG was $7,912.ConclusionsIn contrast to an average cost per LYG of $17,200, our findings suggest a highly favorable cost‐effectiveness ratio for this population of medically underserved rural residents. Cost‐benefit analyses suggest that the screening program begins to yield positive net benefits at the stage when project recipients undergo colonoscopy, suggesting that this is the key step for behavioral intervention and intensified outreach.