bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning of Rational Terms of the Construction Equipment Replacement
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Matviyishyn Yevhen , Famulyak Yuriy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Construction organizations (contractors) perform works using process equipment subject to significant physical wear. This study report results of developing and using an analytical model and a computer tool used to plan the rational times for construction equipment replacement. Physical wear and breakdowns of construction equipment disrupt production processes and cause unexpected production pauses leading to loss of contractor’s profit. In the article, the algorithm of equipment replacement planning is described. Computer model for a decision-making on the rational times for construction equipment replacement is developed using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The offered algorithm for decision-making on construction equipment replacement is based on the following assumptions: decision on equipment replacement is made at the end of the year; the amount of expenses for the general period is calculated by adding the expenses of each year. If during the relevant year the equipment is not replaced, the amount is composed only of loss of profit (depending on the equipment age). If during the year the equipment is replaced, the amount, in addition to the loss of profit for the current year, includes the cost of new equipment, reduced by the value of the liquidation value of the used equipment. The offered VBA macro for Excel has a benefit of showing several options. Decision-makers can consider the best options and choose one of them. A benefit of the offered algorithm implies obtaining several alternative plans of the rational times for equipment replacement. The use of this algorithm and the computer model is justified if the effect of the decisions made is higher than the additional expenses related to information collection (on the loss of contractor’s profit and market value of the new and worn equipment).
Static Load Test Imperfections Influence on Continuous Q-S Curves
Authors: Wasiluk Adam , Meyer Zygmunt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The static load test is the most reliable method of indicating the actual pile bearing capacity. Within the pile load increments, the settlement is measured and set of points Q-s (load – settlement) is plotted. The ways of executing the pile load test and their interpretation are far from optimal and have many different approaches. Usually, the pile test does not allow evaluating the bearing capacities within the measured range and extrapolation of the results within the Q-S curves is necessary. None of the present interpretation models includes the influence of imperfections in the pile load test. The paper presents the results of calculations with the model that takes into account the occurrence of imperfections during the test execution. The analysis is based on the modified Meyer-Kowalow curve model, proposed by Meyer and Wasiluk, and on the field test obtained on many construction sites for piles in different technologies, few of them loaded up to the failure. The model considered in the paper allows extracting statistical imperfections in the collected set of points. Imperfections should be understood as mechanical changes of the pile and pile-soil interaction. All phenomena are gathered within one imperfection. The imperfections are due to changing soil and pile skin when the soil body bends according to the Kirchhoff’s principle. Calculations indicate the influence of imperfections on the pile limit load and other parameters of the Q-s curves according to the basic model that exists. Performed analysis based on approximately 65 piles defines three main groups, first with a relatively small influence of imperfections, second with changes of the limit load for the entire pile and the pile toe without the large change of pile character (ratio of skin friction and pile toe resistance) and the third with a significant change in limit loads and pile bearing capacity components ratio (skin and toe). Values measured during the pile load test can be corrected within extract imperfections. Presented model in many cases determines more critical values for designers than basic models suggest.
Utilization of Underground Walls in Urban Areas
Authors: Prekop Lubomir , Grmanova Alzbeta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the solution of the problem of the buildings foundation in confined spaces of urban development. The most commonly used solutions are the underground walls, which provide space for the construction pit during the construction of underground parts of buildings. They must meet certain conditions in the urban development. The paper focuses on the analysis of the interaction of wall systems (mainly sheeting structures of building pits) and the surrounding earth massif. The distribution of the contact stress influences decisively the dimensioning of the foundation structure and the assessment of the foundation soil in terms of limit states. Similarly, other load-bearing structures ensuring the stability and usability of a building have been affected by an increase in the deformation load, which may cause a noticeable increase in internal forces and bending moments, which are not normally considered or assumed in static calculations of external loads, or their determination is based on false assumptions. If the magnitude of the deformation effects is incorrectly determined, the serviceability or loss of stability of the building structure may be limited. For this reason, to ensure a reliable and economical design, it is necessary to describe as closely as possible the interaction of the foundation structure with the subsoil. A prerequisite for a correct and economical solution to the problem is to capture the physical nature of the task at all stages of the solution. The use of the possibilities provided by the mathematical apparatus of the most versatile numerical method - finite element method (FEM) also contributes significantly to a more complex analysis of the problem. The practical lining wall model of the Eurovea shopping and entertainment center in Bratislava, Slovakia has been chosen as a practical example of the calculation. The main reason was the availability of the results of available inclinometric measurements. These have been compared with the results of the structural design model. The task was to create a model of the underground (lining) wall and compare the obtained results with the inclinometric measurements on realized objects. The obtained results have been presented in graphical form.
Enhancing Sustainability Benefits through Green Retrofitting of Healthcare Buildings
Authors: Ergin Aslihan , Tekce Isilay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Green retrofitting practices have critical importance in both the construction industry (CI) and healthcare industry (HI) due to the adverse effects of the existing healthcare buildings on both the environment and public health. Ironically, existing healthcare buildings consume critical amounts of energy, produce wastes, and CO2 emissions, which have considerable diverse harmful impacts on the health and well-being of the society as well as the environment. Especially, given the main goals of healthcare, green retrofitting is crucial to provide a healthy future for patients and staff of healthcare buildings. There is a sensitive link between providing sustainable healthcare buildings with improving health of the patients. Therefore, green retrofitting of healthcare buildings (GRHB) can be seen as one of the significant contributors that have a critical role in reducing the harmful impacts of the existing healthcare buildings. Nowadays, due to coronavirus pandemic, nations will focus on the physical conditions of their healthcare buildings more than ever for strengthening their infrastructure with appropriate retrofitting approaches. Therefore, the worldwide concerns put the prominence of the importance of patient safety and strong health infrastructure on the agenda of nations. Improvements in the health infrastructure are inevitable for the future, and with regarding this motivation, we looked at the benefits of GRHB in the first place. In the existing literature, there is a lack of comprehensive review associated with the GRHB. This paper focuses on conducting a systematic literature review to investigate the benefits of GRHB with selected academic studies. After the identification of healthcare and green retrofitting specific studies, the benefits of GRHB were determined by frequency analysis and classified under four dimensions, which are environmental, economic, social, and functional. Results demonstrated that reduced energy consumption, reduced costs, and improved energy performance of the building are the three major benefits. In terms of healthcare perspective, the critical outcomes of this study as the main benefits differ from other types of green retrofitting projects, which are improved infection control and improved recovery rate. The results of this systematic review will enhance the understanding of the importance of GRHB and its benefits, which will be useful for academics, green building professionals as well as healthcare building providers.
The Houses for music - concept and place. Modern tendencies, author’s own experience
Authors: Konior Tomasz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The subjects of this dissertation are buildings intended for music and their role in urban space. Houses for music – that is how we can briefly name buildings whose basic function is listening to music in the form of a concert - Philharmonic buildings. Also in the form of a show or performance fused with music. The third function of such buildings is to ensure the possibility for people to meet, adding certain nobility to the event in question, and therefore, added nobility to the venue itself. This last function is gaining significance. It is accompanied by the phenomenon of identifying the event as the function itself and simultaneously identifying the site. The growing value of such places stems from the oldest concept of urban planning, in search for that ‘modernity’ of the 20th century, an idea which has been forgotten and is now going through its revival. As Jan Gehl, an urban expert and humanist, reminds us, referring to the ‘city for people’. He reminds us that the number and the quality of the places are of utmost importance – places which create the occasion to participate in the urban membrane. The need for meeting builds the identity of a place, connecting cultural ideas with concepts which create culture and put architecture and music in the centre. The sound of the music itself becomes an element of the identity, the sound – however invisible, is very important for the place – on equal rights with the architecture of the designed buildings. The sound facilitated in the designs of these buildings creates the final quality of the architecture of the opera house or the Philharmonic. The dualism of the architectural and musical thought in the creation of the concept played a decisive role in creating the functionality of the venue, creating the true value of the place. It becomes a highly significant element of the quality of urban space. This short musing shows us that architecture and music are linked inter-disciplinarily as an important or perhaps even basic material for these buildings. The increasing significance of the relation between the buildings intended for music with the social strata of the city is very much visible in contemporary architectural concepts. The subject of this dissertation is the architectural concept and the context of buildings intended for music in urban space. This topical question has been presented on the basis of the following: The majority of the presented examples have been researched in situ by the author of the article. Historical thoughts presented based on the venues in Milan and New York, namely the La Scala and Carnegie Hall. Modern buildings: the Berlin Philharmonic, the Hamburg Philharmonic and the Philharmonic in Paris. The author’s own experiences related with the design of the seat of the National Symphony Orchestra of the Polish Radio in Katowice, Poland. The majority of the presented examples have been researched in situ by the author of the article.
Hydraulic calculation of fish ladders, Sebesel River, Romania
Authors: Andrei Armas , Erika Beilicci , Robert Beilicci 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sebesel 1 hydropower development is located on the Sebesel River, in the outskirts of Borlova, Caraş-Severin County. The realization of the fish ladder will not influence the flow regime of the surface or groundwater in the neighboring area. The fish ladder is dimensioned so as to allow the migration of the ichthyofauna upstream during the spawning period and the partial transit of the alluviums as well as the downstream provision of a servitude flow Q = 0.059 mc / s. The Sebeşel 1 hydroelectric power plant is a hydropower arrangement by shunt without accumulation lake. The plant has two power groups equipped with Pelton turbines. The power delivered by MHC Sebesel 1 is 876.03 kW. The installed flow rate is 0.90 m3 / s; gross fall: 131 m; capture rate 814 mdMN. The fish ladders are of the technical ladder type with pools. The objectives of the studies were: to describe the qualitative and quantitative structure of benthic invertebrate and fish macro communities; assessment of the ecological status of the rivers in the areas of hydropower development; highlighting the presence of fish species of conservative interest and assessing the status of their populations. The methodology was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Water Framework Directive, Annex V used took into account the following: Assessment of the status of aquatic communities; description of the structure of fish communities; assessment of the ecological status of the river sectors. The study led to obtaining some essential information for the exploitation and maintenance of the micro-hydroelectric plant as well as the fish ladder.
Impact of the Railway Infrastructure Revitalization Projects on the Severity of Occurrences
Authors: Funk Tomáš , Hromádka Vít 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Revitalization of railways represents a very important part of the railway infrastructure development. Railway infrastructure reconstruction and revitalization projects bring a number of positive impacts - benefits in addition to the negative impacts of temporary traffic restrictions or often relatively high investment costs. While benefits in terms of operating cost savings, reduced transport time or mitigation of negative environmental impacts are commonly included in the economic analysis evaluating the economic efficiency of the project, the benefits resulting from improving safety and reliability of the railway infrastructure, which are also associated with the modernization of the railway infrastructure, are currently not included in the economic analyses. The paper is focused on the presentation of a partial output of the research project, which deals with the evaluation of increasing railway infrastructure safety and reliability due to the implementation of railway infrastructure revitalization projects. The presented part of the research deals with the evaluation of the implementation impact of the railway revitalization project on the safety and reliability of railway operation and focuses on empirical verification of the basic assumption that the implementation of the railway revitalization project, including modernization of signalling systems, will reduce the incidence of occurrences in terms of their number and severity. Methodologically, the research is based on a comparison of the situation before and after the implementation of the railway infrastructure revitalization project. Specifically, the research focuses on the change in the incidence of occurrences and their economic impacts, including impacts on public health, operating costs, damage amount, as well as impacts on the traffic flow and potential delay, due to the implemented measures increasing the railway infrastructure safety and reliability which form a common part of the railway infrastructure revitalization projects. The results are expressed in monetary units and are drawn from and presented on the two pilot railway infrastructure revitalization projects.
Measures and Model of the Churches of São Miguel (Azores)
Authors: Vieira Maria Antónia , Sampayo Mafalda , Miranda Paulo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The religious spaces are carriers of great symbolic importance, standing out in the urban fabric not only for their location, but also for their scale in relation to the surrounding buildings. We show the relevance of the religious space in the São Miguel island (Azores) urban fabric, where the church presents itself as an element of great importance. It is the generator of the urban fabric, and it is usually strategically located as a landmark of the civic centre of the localities. This study presents an analysis of the main façades of the parish churches of the island of S. Miguel built during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It highlights the existence of a typology of façade, which is a consequence of the materials and building systems existing there at the time. This demonstration continues the studies carried out by Sousa (1986) with the concept of façade “micaelense baroque ornamentation” and Caldas (2012) with the concept of “micaelense baroque façade” and “micaelense type façade”. Methodologically, the investigation was carried out through the analysis of the elements that make up the façades of the parish churches, the study of old and current photography, and drawings made in CAD; and the systematization of façades by grouping them into categories and establishing a typology between the various churches of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Art in the Public Space, Different Aspects of Artistic Activities in Architecture
Authors: Zabawa-Krzypkowska Joanna , Groń Krzysztof 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Artistic activity in the public space of the city has many important functions and, what is important, is universal. Everyone, regardless of status, views or beliefs, has unlimited access to it. Both residents and visitors to a given place can read and interpret the message that various manifestations of artistic activity carry with them. Art evokes important social feelings - it helps to identify with the place, remember them as a distinguishing element. Objects with specific features become a landmark in the area. Artists who create art in public space raise important topics related to various areas of life, gain new fields of expression, a wider audience and therefore reach more recipients. The themes realized by the authors of murals often refer to historical events, commemorate important social events, perform a propaganda function because they reach a mass audience. The paintings often depict images of famous people: musicians, footballers, writers etc.; tell various stories, refer to ecology, human rights, they are also a form of advertising etc. Purpose: The work discusses selected examples of murals and on this basis shows that artistic activities are becoming an important element complementing the urban landscape. Murals appear in neglected city districts, in housing estates and high-rise buildings areas, they often decorate empty walls of buildings, they are an element of space revitalization - they increase the aesthetic value of the surroundings and have a positive impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants. They change the face of difficult, neglected, forgotten and dangerous spaces. They help to improve the spatial and social situation, and thus lead to a better quality of life for residents. The article is based on literature research and its own observation in the public space in the cities. The main goal of the research is to determine whether and to what extent art manifests itself in modern cities and what is its significance for social perception. Conclusion: The analysis showed that newly emerging murals still perform socially engaged functions and have an impact on improving the space.
Wooden Construction as a Housing Estate Design Model
Authors: Orłowski Tomasz , Palus Kinga , Rubińska-Jonczy Barbara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The program challengers “Timber in the city” Urban Habitat Competition entrance to imagine new possibilities for the future and urban living in New York in the district Queens – the relationship between the individual dwelling and the collective aggregation of units; the use of timber and wood is leveraged to create living spaces that are connected to natural systems. The article presents the main principles of the residential flats which are founded upon a concept that reflects the construction of boxes that fit harmoniously together - inspired by the traditional Japanese art of joining wood consisting of minimal participation of mechanical connectors, enabling the construction of a single modular segment consisting of both columns and beams, merged together. This universal system design would support the recommended natural insulation of the adobe wall. Locations of the windows and door openings are not restricted, allowing for an ambient lightening of apartments. The exterior finish can be flexible, depending on the context of the environment in which the building is made. In alignment with the competition’s needs, we decided to finish the brick with natural bricks as a reference to the traditional, distinctive facades of New York tenements houses. The article shows contemporary challenges in the design of housing estates with the use of wooden construction. The design of the residential part started with the elaboration of functional and spatial systems of apartments, based on an established modular system, followed by putting the blocks together, creating a heavily fragmented piece. The free spaces between apartments are meant to be a featuring characteristic, designing an open space – with the intention of development of neighborly relations and bonding local community. The system has been developed on recurrent, modular apartments that are universal and flexible enough to replicate – anywhere, with consideration given to the immediate surroundings. This flexibility of the system and freedom of shaping a building’s piece enables the avoidance of monotony, despite the recurrence. The conclusions may be useful for architects, urban designers, academics in the field of architecture and urbanism.