bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study to reduce interdialytic weight gain by provision of low‐sodium, home‐delivered meals in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Perez Luis M. , Fang Hsin‐Yu , Ashrafi Sadia‐Anjum , Burrows Brett T. , King Alexis C. , Larsen Ryan J. , Sutton Bradley P. , Wilund Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy are routinely counseled to reduce dietary sodium intake to ameliorate sodium retention, volume overload, and hypertension. However, low‐sodium diet trials in HD are sparse and indicate that dietary education and behavioral counseling are ineffective in reducing sodium intake. This study aimed to determine whether 4 weeks of low‐sodium, home‐delivered meals in HD patients reduces interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary sodium intake, thirst, xerostomia, blood pressure, volume overload, and muscle sodium concentration.MethodsTwenty HD patients (55 ± 12 years, body mass index [BMI] 40.7 ± 16.6 kg/m2) were enrolled in this study. Participants followed a usual (control) diet for the first 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of three low‐sodium, home‐delivered meals per day. We measured IDWG, hydration status (bioimpedance), standardized blood pressure (BP), food intake (3‐day dietary recall), and muscle sodium (magnetic resonance imaging) at baseline (0 M), after the 4‐week period of usual diet (1 M), and after the meal intervention (2 M).FindingsThe low‐sodium meal intervention significantly reduced IDWG when compared to the control period (−0.82 ± 0.14 kg; 95% confidence interval, −0.55 to −1.08 kg; P < 0.001). There were also 1 month (1 M) to 2 month (2 M) reductions in dietary sodium intake (−1687 ± 297 mg; P < 0.001); thirst score (−4.4 ± 1.3; P = 0.003), xerostomia score (−6.7 ± 1.9; P = 0.002), SBP (−18.0 ± 3.6 mmHg; P < 0.001), DBP (−5.9 ± 2.0 mmHg; P = 0.008), and plasma phosphorus −1.55 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P = 0.005), as well as a 0 M to 2 M reduction in absolute volume overload (−1.08 ± 0.33 L; P = 0.025). However, there were no significant changes in serum or tissue sodium (all P > 0.05).DiscussionLow‐sodium, home‐meal delivery appears to be an effective method for improving volume control and blood pressure in HD patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to examine the long‐term effects of home‐delivered meals on these outcomes and to assess cost‐effectiveness.
Efficacy of bismuth‐based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection based on previous antibiotic exposure: A large‐scale prospective, single‐center clinical trial in China
Authors: Zhou Jing‐Jing , Shi Xiao , Zheng Shao‐Peng , Tang Dan , Cai Ting , Yao Yao , Wang Fen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three bismuth‐based quadruple regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in a large number of H pylori‐positive patients with or without previous eradication therapy.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with H pylori infection, regardless of previous eradication therapy, were eligible for the present study. Three bismuth‐based quadruple regimens were selected according to the past history of antibiotics use: (A) esomeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and colloidal bismuth tartrate; (B) esomeprazole, amoxicillin, furazolidone, and colloidal bismuth tartrate; and (C) esomeprazole, doxycycline, furazolidone, and colloidal bismuth tartrate. All patients received a 14‐day course of treatment, and 13C/14C urea breath test was utilized at four weeks after the completion of treatment to determine the H pylori eradication. Then, the eradication rates were calculated in terms of intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded during the treatment.ResultsOverall, 1,226 patients were recruited, and 331, 57, and 838 patients were allocated to receive regimens A, B, and C, respectively. The H pylori eradication rates were 84.0%, 82.5%, and 82.9% (ITT) and 94.6%, 92.2%, and 93.7% (PP), respectively, in regimens A, B, and C. However, there was no significant difference among these three regimens. The incidence of AEs was 4.6% for all patients during the study, that is, 3.3%, 10.5%, and 4.7% for regimens A, B, and C, respectively. All AEs were mild and recovered at the follow‐up visit.ConclusionAll three bismuth‐based quadruple regimens based on the previous antibiotic use can achieve satisfactory eradication rates for H pylori infection and are safe.
Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second‐line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Ross J , Jiamsakul A , Kumarasamy N , Azwa I , Merati TP , Do CD , Lee MP , Ly PS , Yunihastuti E , Nguyen KV , Ditangco R , Ng OT , Choi JY , Oka S , Sohn AH , Law M 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo assess second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) virological failure and HIV drug resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs), in support of third‐line regimen planning in Asia.MethodsAdults > 18 years of age on second‐line ART for ≥ 6 months were eligible. Cross‐sectional data on HIV viral load (VL) and genotypic resistance testing were collected or testing was conducted between July 2015 and May 2017 at 12 Asia‐Pacific sites. Virological failure (VF) was defined as VL > 1000 copies/mL with a second VL > 1000 copies/mL within 3–6 months. FASTA files were submitted to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database and RAMs were compared against the IAS‐USA 2019 mutations list. VF risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsOf 1378 patients, 74% were male and 70% acquired HIV through heterosexual exposure. At second‐line switch, median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 37 (32–42) years and median (IQR) CD4 count was 103 (43.5–229.5) cells/µL; 93% received regimens with boosted protease inhibitors (PIs). Median duration on second line was 3 years. Among 101 patients (7%) with VF, CD4 count > 200 cells/µL at switch [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.77 vs. CD4 ≤ 50) and HIV exposure through male–male sex (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.64 vs. heterosexual) or injecting drug use (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12–0.49) were associated with reduced VF. Of 41 (41%) patients with resistance data, 80% had at least one RAM to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 63% to NRTIs, and 35% to PIs. Of those with PI RAMs, 71% had two or more.ConclusionsThere were low proportions with VF and significant RAMs in our cohort, reflecting the durability of current second‐line regimens.
An improved gas chromatography‐based approach for characterisation of fatty acids in fresh basil seed oil
Authors: Li Tian , Guo Qin , Qu Yang , Li Yujie , Wang Xinping , Sun Zhigao , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAn improved gas chromatography‐based analytical method for the simultaneous separation of seventy‐two fatty acids was developed. Twenty‐six types of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids were separated and identified with this method, especially trans C18 isomers. This method was confirmed to be high throughput and have high sensitivity and a low detection limit. It was successfully applied to separate and identify fatty acids in fresh basil seed oil. The linolenic acid content (51.67 g/100 g) was highest in basil seed oil, followed by linoleic acid (20.16 g/100 g) and oleic acid (12.70 g/100 g). These unsaturated fatty acids in fresh basil seed oil were transformed into trans fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids and saturated fatty acids after heating to a certain temperature for an adequate duration, and the formation mechanisms were characterised.
Association ofMICAand HLA‐B alleles with leprosy in two endemic populations in Brazil
Authors: Jarduli Luciana Ribeiro , Alves Hugo Vicentin , de Souza Victor Hugo , Uaska Sartori Priscila Verchai , Fava Vinícius Medeiros , de Souza Fabiana Covolo , Marcos Elaine Valim Camarinha , Pereira Ana Carla , Dias‐Baptista Ida Maria Foschiani , Virmond Marcos da Cunha Lopes , de Moraes Milton Ozório , Mira Marcelo Távora , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeprosy is a prevalent disease in Brazil, which ranks as the country with the second highest number of cases in the world. The disease manifests in a spectrum of forms, and genetic differences in the host can help to elucidate the immunopathogenesis. For a better understanding ofMICAassociation with leprosy, we performed a case–control and a family‐based study in two endemic populations in Brazil.MICAandHLA‐Balleles were evaluated in 409 leprosy patients and in 419 healthy contacts by PCR‐SSOP‐Luminex‐based technology. In the familial study, analysis of 46 families was completed by direct sequencing of all exons and 3′/5′untranslated regions, using the Ilumina MiSeq platform. All data were collected between 2006 and 2009. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test together with a multivariate analysis. Family‐based association was assessed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) software FBAT 2.0.4. We found associations between the haplotypeMICA*002‐HLA‐B*35with leprosy in both the per se and the multibacillary (MB) forms when compared to healthy contacts. TheMICAallele*008was associated with the clinical forms of paucibacillary (PB). Additionally,MICA*029was associated with the clinical forms of MB. The association ofMICA*029allele (MICA‐A4 variant) with the susceptibility to the MB form suggests this variant for the transmembrane domain of the MICA molecule may be a risk factor for leprosy. TwoMICAand nineHLA‐Bvariants were found associated with leprosy per se in the Colônia do Prata population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) betweenHLA‐Bmarkers rs2596498 and rs2507992, and high LD (R2 = .92) between these and the marker rs2442718. This familial study demonstrates thatMICAassociation signals are not independent from those observed forHLA‐B. Our findings contribute the knowledge pool of the immunogenetics of Hansen's disease and reveals a new association of theMICA*029allele.
Evaluation of machine learning–driven automated Kleihauer‐Betke counting: A method comparison study
Authors: Zhang Zhuoran , Ge Ji , Gong Zheng , Chen Jun , Wang Chen , Sun Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Kleihauer‐Betke (KB) test is the diagnostic standard for the quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Manual analysis of KB slides suffers from inter‐observer and inter‐laboratory variability and low efficiency. Flow cytometry provides accurate quantification of FMH with high efficiency but is not available in all hospitals or at all times. We have developed an automated KB counting system that uses machine learning to identify and distinguish fetal and maternal red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of the automated KB counting system with manual KB counting and flow cytometry.MethodsThe ratio of fetal RBCs of the same blood sample was quantified by manual KB counting, automated KB counting, and flow cytometry, respectively. Forty patients were enrolled in this comparison study.ResultsComparing the automated KB counting system with flow cytometry, the mean bias in measuring the ratio of fetal RBCs was 0.0048%, with limits of agreement ranging from −0.22% to 0.23%. Using flow cytometry results as a benchmark, results of automated KB counting were more accurate than those from manual counting, with a lower mean bias and narrower limits of agreement. The precision of automated KB counting was higher than that of manual KB counting (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.996 vs 0.79). The efficiency of automated KB counting was 200 times that of manual counting by the certified technologists.ConclusionAutomated KB counting provides accurate and precise FMH quantification results with high efficiency.
Frequency of violence towards healthcare workers in the United States’ inpatient psychiatric hospitals: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Odes Rachel , Chapman Susan , Harrison Robert , Ackerman Sara , Hong OiSaeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review is to determine the frequency of violent or aggressive behaviour towards healthcare workers in inpatient psychiatric settings in the United States. To achieve this aim, five databases were searched to find English‐language quantitative studies reporting prevalence or incidence data of violence or aggression directed towards staff members in inpatient psychiatric settings. No limitations were set based on publication date, and intervention studies were included only if baseline data were provided. Of 335 total studies found, 38 full‐text articles were suitable for full‐text analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 were included in the final review. Years of data collection ranged from 1986 to 2018, and a range of psychiatric facilities were represented, from small, private hospital units to large forensic institutions. Researchers utilized surveys, real‐time incident reporting tools, and government databases, or a combination of strategies, to collect data related to workers’ experiences on the job. Included research indicates that workplace violence in the U.S. inpatient psychiatric setting is a widespread problem, with 25–85% of survey respondents reporting an incident of physical aggression within the year prior to survey, and statewide workers’ compensation findings indicating 2–7 claims due to assault per 100 000 employee hours. There are substantial differences between findings based on measurement strategy, making it difficult to arrive at a single estimate of prevalence nationally. As management of this persistent problem receives continued attention from stakeholders, it becomes increasingly important to define and measure the problem with the most appropriate tools.
Researching the virtual: A framework for reflexivity in qualitative social media research
Authors: Pousti Hamid , Urquhart Cathy , Linger Henry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen an explosion in social media in our everyday lives, and a corresponding increase in social media research in IS. As social media researchers, we are intrigued by the problem of virtuality and context in social media research, and how we might apply reflexive research principles to such settings. In social media, the absence of a setting's real physical boundaries (to a large extent) limits participants' ability to create a common experience at the present time and develop a history of shared experiences. As a result, we would contend that many social media researchers' interpretations of data in social media settings are often black‐boxed. In this paper, we argue that many of the challenges concerned with social media settings, by nature, are emergent and linked to their virtual and contextual features. We use the Klein and Myers (1999) framework for traditional interpretive field studies as a vehicle for unpacking these challenges. We contend that these challenges may remain unnoticed if researchers do not actively reflect upon their impact on the research process. In this paper, we present a framework for social media research, considering social media research as a reflexive space, building on the notion of three levels of reflexivity: theory, design and practice. Finally, we discuss some implications of reflexivity for qualitative social media research in IS.
Electronic structure and thermal properties of Sm3+‐doped La2Zr2O7: First‐principles calculations and experimental study
Authors: Li Yiming , Meng Xuanyu , Chen Qian , Zhu Jiatong , Xu Jie , Reece Michael J. , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy applying the first‐principles calculation, the electronic structure, mechanical and thermal properties of Sm3+‐doped La2Zr2O7 were investigated, and experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical results. As the Sm3+ doping rate increases, the lattice parameters decrease while the theoretical density increases. The doping of Sm3+ promotes the transformation from pyrochlore structure to defective fluorite structure. The Young's modulus of pure La2Zr2O7 shows obvious anisotropy, while it tends to be isotropy with the doping of Sm3+. The calculated theoretical hardness is positively correlated with the doping rate, yet due to the solid solution strengthening effect, the materials with doping rate of 50% get the highest hardness. Based on the calculations and experiments, the optimal Sm3+ doping rate of La2Zr2O7 is 50%. LaSmZr2O7 has hardness of 11.35 GPa, the thermal conductivity of 1.35 W/(m·K) at 1173 K, and the thermal expansion coefficient of 10.12 × 10−6/K at 1173 K. The above results indicate that LaSmZr2O7 has good mechanical and thermal properties, which provides new ideas for the selection of thermal barrier coating materials.
Effects of chemical composition on the structural stability, elastic, vibrational, and electronic properties of Cs2NaLnX6 (Ln = La…Lu, X = F, Cl, Br, I) elpasolites
Authors: Wu Bing , Yang Meng‐Lin , Yan Yan‐Ci , Ma Chong‐Geng , Zhang Hong‐Wu , Brik Mikhail G. , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Valiev Uygun V. , Piasecki Michal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElpasolite crystals are very important materials, both from the applied and fundamental points of view. Those elpasolites, which contain rare earth ions with a high atomic number Z, are very much suitable for the low‐cost high‐performance gamma‐ray detection, applications in medicine, food industry, nuclear energy production, processing, and detection of nuclear proliferation. The thermal and structural stabilities are important parameters required for detecting applications, because the performance conditions for such devices are usually very harsh. Since it is widely believed that elpasolites may have even better detection properties, the lack of systematic studies on the elpasolites and thus the unavailability of reliable data on their physical properties and trends in their variation caused by chemical composition considerably hinders search for more efficient new materials. Therefore, to fill in this gap and provide with all essential information about a large number of elpasolites crystals, for the first time, the structural stability, elastic, vibrational, and electronic properties of 60 cubic elpasolite Cs2NaLnX6 (Ln = La, …, Lu, X = F, Cl, Br, I) crystals were consistently calculated in the framework of the same computational approach based on the density functional theory (DFT). Variation of all calculated parameters (such as the lattice constants, elastic constants, Debye temperature, normal vibrational modes frequencies, Mulliken effective charges, bond populations, and band gaps) across the considered groups of crystals was analyzed and several trends, which are important for the search and preparation of new stable materials with improved performance, were identified.
Efficacy of Intermittent Phototherapy versus Continuous Phototherapy for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu Liangliang , Xue Xiujuan , Qiao Jianhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsWe review the current literatures to determine whether intermittent phototherapy is more effective than continuous phototherapy in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.DesignThe systematic review is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for reporting methods and results of synthesis with meta‐analysis. Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWIM) guidelines were used for reporting methods and results of synthesis without meta‐analysis.Data SourcePubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database.Review methodsPICOS eligibility criteria were used to select original studies published from 1984 through 2019. Data were statistically extracted and evaluated using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 416 records were identified through database searching. Four studies (three randomized studies and one retrospective study) meet the final inclusion criteria. Seven hundred and sixteen neonates were included in the meta‐analysis. There was no difference in the treatment efficacy and total serum bilirubin (TSB), while there was a significant difference in phototherapy duration and side effects after treatment of intermittent phototherapy and continuous phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.ConclusionIntermittent phototherapy appeared to be as effective as continuous phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and is safer than continuous phototherapy. Healthcare organizations and health workers should choose intermittent phototherapy as the preferred therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.ImpactIntermittent phototherapy is an effective, feasible, and safer treatment method for the infants with hyperbilirubinaemia in paediatric department. Healthcare organizations and health workers should choose intermittent phototherapy as the preferred therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.
Insights into the aridification history of Central Asian Mountains and international conservation strategy from the endangered wild apple tree
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Xiang , Li Xiao‐Shuang , Wang Jian‐Cheng , Zhang Dao‐Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimEvolutionary processes of mountain plants in arid lands remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate population genomics of the endangered wild apple tree to interpret the effects of long‐term aridification on plant diversification and demographical history in Central Asian Mountains.LocationThe Tianshan Mountains, spanning north‐western China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.TaxonMalus sieversii (Rosaceae)MethodsUsing genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we assessed genetic diversity and genetic structure of 15 populations across the species' range. Demographical history was simulated with approximate Bayesian computation and species distribution modelling. We used a general linear model to identify key environmental factors affecting population genetic diversity and structure.ResultsWe separated the 15 populations into three groups: the eastern group of western Junggar Mountains in China; the central group of the Ili Valley, the Talas Alatau Mountains in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; and the western group of Tajikistan and the Dzungarian Alatau in Kazakhstan. Central populations had higher genetic diversity and effective population size than eastern and western populations. The three groups split at the late Miocene and subsequently experienced extensive admixture. We detected a significant pattern of isolation by distance, but not isolation by environment, among these populations. Population genetic diversity was significantly associated with longitudinal and current environmental gradients.Main conclusionsLong‐term aridification promoted distribution fragmentation and plant lineage divergence of relict broad‐leaved forests in Central Asian Mountains. Both geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity shaped spatial patterns in genetic variation among M. sieversii populations. To maintain genetic integrity, we propose the establishment of an international network for the conservation of this endangered wild apple tree.