bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electricity Generation and Tunable Preservation in Porous Polymeric Materials via Coupled Piezoelectric and Dielectric Processes
Authors: Tong Wangshu , An Qi , Wang Zhihao , Li Yanan , Tong Qingwei , Li Haitao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yihe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiological systems and artificial devices convert omnipresent low‐frequency and weak mechanical stimulation into electricity for important functions. However, in‐depth understanding of the energy conversion, boosting, and preservation processes of the coupled piezo‐dielectric phenomenon in polymeric artificial materials is still lacking. In this study, combined experimental and simulation methods are employed to rationalize the process of energy conversion and preservation via a coupled piezo‐dielectric phenomena in composite polymeric films. Both the intensity of the transmembrane electric voltages and the kinetic aspects of the energy generation and preservation process are elucidated. The study indicates that composite films consisting of a conductive filler fraction below the percolation threshold, effectively convert low‐frequency mechanical stimulation to preserved electrical energy. Interestingly, film structure engineered into porous film has the ability to break the intertwined high‐voltage and exhibits a low‐preservation‐period relationship; it can simultaneously provide high electric field intensity, high induction velocity, and a long preservation period. The model is not only supported by the experiments but is also consistent with the electricity generation and preservation features of other reported piezo‐dielectric films. The systematic understanding can facilitate and inspire new device designs to better address the energy, environmental, and biomedical challenges faced by modern societies.
Stabilization of Sn Anode through Structural Reconstruction of a Cu–Sn Intermetallic Coating Layer
Authors: Wang Guanzhi , Aubin Megan , Mehta Abhishek , Tian Huajun , Chang Jinfa , Kushima Akihiro , Sohn Yongho , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe metallic tin (Sn) anode is a promising candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity. However, Sn suffers from severe mechanical degradation caused by large volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, which leads to a rapid capacity decay for LIBs application. Herein, a Cu–Sn (e.g., Cu3Sn) intermetallic coating layer (ICL) is rationally designed to stabilize Sn through a structural reconstruction mechanism. The low activity of the Cu–Sn ICL against lithiation/delithiation enables the gradual separation of the metallic Cu phase from the Cu–Sn ICL, which provides a regulatable and appropriate distribution of Cu to buffer volume change of Sn anode. Concurrently, the homogeneous distribution of the separated Sn together with Cu promotes uniform lithiation/delithiation, mitigating the internal stress. In addition, the residual rigid Cu–Sn intermetallic shows terrific mechanical integrity that resists the plastic deformation during the lithiation/delithiation. As a result, the Sn anode enhanced by the Cu–Sn ICL shows a significant improvement in cycling stability with a dramatically reduced capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle for 1000 cycles. The structural reconstruction mechanism in this work shines a light on new materials and structural design that can stabilize high‐performance and high‐volume‐change electrodes for rechargeable batteries and beyond.
Metal Nanoapertures and Single Emitters
Authors: Gordon Reuven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanoapertures in metal films have long been recognized for their ability to confine light to subwavelength dimensions. This allows for high‐resolution imaging of single emitters with enhanced emission rates. It also provides a background‐free environment that has been exploited for biophysical applications like fluorescence correlation studies at high physiological concentrations and DNA sequencing. Recently, other advantages of single apertures have been recognized, including optical trapping, thermal management, and nanofluidic (nanopore) functionality. This paper reviews metal nanoapertures and their applications to single emitter studies for biophysical and quantum applications.
Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light Promoted Intramolecular Azole C−H Bond Amination Using Catalytic Amount of I2: A Route to 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Du Weigen , Huang Hongtai , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA metal‐free, visible‐light promoted intramolecular azole C−H bond amination for the rapid and efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical important 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones has been developed. Employing 2‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzamides as the easily available precursors and catalytic amount of I2 as an initiator, the desired product were isolated in moderate to excellent yiels with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this protocol features mild conditions, operational simplicity, and easy scale‐up. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that a radical pathway might be involved during the reaction.magnified image
Fatal acute hypernatremia resulting from a massive intake of seasoning soy sauce
Authors: Sakamoto Ayaka , Hoshino Tetsuya , Boku Keishun , Hiraya Daigo , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundHypernatremia due to salt poisoning is clinically rare and standard care procedures have not been established. We report a case of salt poisoning due to massive intake of seasoning soy sauce.Case PresentationA 40‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with seizures and remarkable hypernatremia with a serum sodium concentration of 183 mEq/L. The initial brain computed tomography scan showed brain shrinkage, which could occur during the acute phase of hypernatremia. We reduced her serum sodium level rapidly, rather than at the recommended slow rate. On day 3, the patient’s brain computed tomography scan showed widespread low‐density areas and edema. The patient died 8 days after admission.ConclusionAfter reviewing instances of resuscitation following salt intoxication, aggressive rapid correction of serum sodium concentration should only be considered in acute phases of hypernatremia within a few hours from ingestion, and 2–3 h could be one of the criteria.
Impact of fecal short‐chain fatty acids on prognosis in critically ill patients
Authors: Nakahori Yasutaka , Shimizu Kentaro , Ogura Hiroshi , Asahara Takashi , Osuka Akinori , Yamano Shuhei , Tasaki Osamu , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fecal organic acids and mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 128 patients who fulfilled the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and had a serum C‐reactive protein level of greater than 10 mg/dL. Patients were treated in the intensive care unit for more than 2 days. Patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non‐survivors. We measured and compared eight kinds of fecal organic acids between the two groups. We focused on the minimum and maximum value of each fecal organic acid and evaluated prognostic factors by using classification and regression tree (CART) and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe included 90 patients as survivors and 38 as non‐survivors. The CART analysis revealed that the dominant factors for mortality were the minimum values of propionate and acetate and the maximum values of lactate and formic acid. In the evaluation of the minimum values of fecal organic acids, propionate was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 0.11 [95% confidence interval, 0.024–0.51]; P = 0.005), acetate (0.047 [0.005–0.49]; P = 0.01), and age (1.048 [1.015–1.083]; P = 0.004). In the evaluation of the maximum values, lactate was significantly associated with increased mortality (5.21 [2.024–13.42], P = 0.001) and age (1.050 [1.017–1.084]; P = 0.003).ConclusionAn altered balance of fecal organic acids was significantly associated with mortality in critically ill patients.
Bright Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet/Visible Upconversion in Small Alkaline Earth‐Based Nanoparticles with Biocompatible CaF2 Shells
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Siefe Chris , Swearer Dayne F. , McLellan Claire A. , Alivisatos A. Paul , Dionne Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising candidates for photon‐driven reactions, including light‐triggered drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis. Herein, we investigate the NIR‐to‐UV/visible emission of sub‐15 nm alkaline‐earth rare‐earth fluoride UCNPs (M1−xLnxF2+x, MLnF) with a CaF2 shell. We synthesize 8 alkaline‐earth host materials doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+, with alkaline‐earth (M) spanning Ca, Sr, and Ba, MgSr, CaSr, CaBa, SrBa, and CaSrBa. We explore UCNP composition, size, and lanthanide doping‐dependent emission, focusing on upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) and UV emission. UCQY values of 2.46 % at 250 W cm−2 are achieved with 14.5 nm SrLuF@CaF2 particles, with 7.3 % of total emission in the UV. In 10.9 nm SrYbF:1 %Tm3+@CaF2 particles, UV emission increased to 9.9 % with UCQY at 1.14 %. We demonstrate dye degradation under NIR illumination using SrYbF:1 %Tm3+@CaF2, highlighting the efficiency of these UCNPs and their ability to trigger photoprocesses.
Selective Hydroperoxygenation of Olefins Realized by a Coinage Multimetallic 1‐Nanometer Catalyst
Authors: Moriai Tatsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Tanabe Makoto , Kambe Tetsuya , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe science of particles on a sub‐nanometer (ca. 1 nm) scale has attracted worldwide attention. However, it has remained unexplored because of the technical difficulty in the precise synthesis of sub‐nanoparticles (SNPs). We recently developed the “atom‐hybridization method (AHM)” for the precise synthesis of SNPs by using a suitably designed macromolecule as a template. We have now investigated the chemical reactivity of alloy SNPs obtained by the AHM. Focusing on the coinage metal elements, we systematically evaluated the oxidation reaction of an olefin catalyzed by these SNPs. The SNPs showed high catalytic performance even under milder conditions than those used with conventional catalysts. Additionally, the hybridization of multiple elements enhanced the turnover frequency and the selectivity for the formation of the hydroperoxide derivative. We discuss the unique quantum‐sized catalysts providing generally unstable hydroperoxides from the viewpoint of the miniaturization and hybridization of materials.
Overcoming Fundamental Limitations in Adsorbent Design: Alkene Adsorption by Non‐porous Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Parasar Devaborniny , Elashkar Ahmed H. , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Jayaratna Naleen B. , Edwards Brian L. , Telfer Shane G. , Dias H. V. Rasika , Cowan Matthew G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurifying alkenes from alkanes requires cryogenic distillation. This consumes energy equivalent to countries of ca. 5 million people. Replacing distillation with adsorption processes would significantly increase energy efficiency. Trade‐offs between kinetics, selectivity, capacity, and heat of adsorption have prevented production of an optimal adsorbent. We report adsorbents that overcome these trade‐offs. [Cu‐Br]3 and [Cu‐H]3 are air‐stable trinuclear complexes that undergo reversible solid‐state inter‐molecular rearrangements to produce dinuclear [Cu‐Br⋅(alkene)]2 and [Cu‐H⋅(alkene)]2. The reversible solid‐state rearrangement, confirmed in situ using powder X‐ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade‐offs to be overcome, coupling low heat of adsorption (−10 to −17 kJ mol−1alkene), high alkene:alkane selectivity (47; 29), and uptake capacity (>2.5 molalkene mol−1Cu3). Most remarkably, [Cu‐H]3 displays fast uptake and regenerates capacity within 10 minutes.
Lithium Nitrate Regulated Sulfone Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Fu Jiale , Ji Xiao , Chen Ji , Chen Long , Fan Xiulin , Mu Daobin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe electrolytes in lithium metal batteries have to be compatible with both lithium metal anodes and high voltage cathodes, and can be regulated by manipulating the solvation structure. Herein, to enhance the electrolyte stability, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafuoroethyl‐2′,2′,2′‐trifuoroethyl(HFE) are introduced into the high‐concentration sulfolane electrolyte to suppress Li dendrite growth and achieve a high Coulombic efficiency of >99 % for both the Li anode and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. Molecular dynamics simulations show that NO3− participates in the solvation sheath of lithium ions enabling more bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) to coordinate with Li+ ions. Therefore, a robust LiNxOy−LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is formed on the Li surface, suppressing Li dendrite growth. The LiNO3‐containing sulfolane electrolyte can also support the highly aggressive LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode, delivering a discharge capacity of 190.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C for 200 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 99.5 %.
Ag+‐Coupled Black Phosphorus Vesicles with Emerging NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging Performance for Cancer Immune‐Dynamic Therapy and Fast Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zhi , Fu Qinrui , Ye Jiamin , Ge Xiaoguang , Wang Jie , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA silver‐ion‐coupled black phosphorus (BP) vesicle (BP Ve‐Ag+) with a second near infrared (NIR‐II) window photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability was firstly constructed to maximize the potential of BP quantum dot (QD) in deeper bioimaging and diversified therapy. The embedded Ag+ could improve the relatively large band gap of BP QD via intense charge coupling based on theoretical simulation results, subsequently leading to the enhanced optical absorption capability, accompanied with the occurrence of the strong NIR‐II PA signal. Guiding by NIR‐II PA bioimaging, the hidden Ag+ could be precisely released with the disassembly of Ve during photodynamic therapy process and captured by macrophages located in lesion region for arousing synergistic cancer photodynamic/Ag+ immunotherapy. BP Ve‐Ag+ can contrapuntally kill pathogenic bacteria and accelerate wound healing monitored by NIR‐II PA imaging.
Enantioselective Silylation of Aliphatic C−H Bonds for the Synthesis of Silicon‐Stereogenic Dihydrobenzosiloles
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Wu , Guo Yonghong , You Lijun , He Chuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA rhodium(I)‐catalyzed enantioselective silylation of aliphatic C−H bonds for the synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles is demonstrated. This reaction involves a highly enantioselective intramolecular C(sp3)−H silylation of dihydrosilanes, followed by a stereospecific intermolecular alkene hydrosilylation leading to the asymmetrically tetrasubstituted silanes. A wide range of dihydrosilanes and alkenes displaying various functional groups are compatible with this process, giving access to a variety of highly functionalized silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Electrochemically Induced Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Amorphous V2O5 for Superior Rate Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Shenzhen , Yuan Zishun , Tie Zhiwei , Wang Changda , Song Li , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of vanadium‐oxide‐based cathodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) depends on their degree of crystallinity and composite state with carbon materials. An in situ electrochemical induction strategy was developed to fabricate a metal–organic‐framework‐derived composite of amorphous V2O5 and carbon materials (a‐V2O5@C) for the first time, where V2O5 is in an amorphous state and uniformly distributed in the carbon framework. The amorphous structure endows V2O5 with more isotropic Zn2+ diffusion routes and active sites, resulting in fast Zn2+ transport and high specific capacity. The porous carbon framework provides a continuous electron transport pathway and ion diffusion channels. As a result, the a‐V2O5@C composites display extraordinary electrochemical performance. This work will pave the way toward design of ZIB cathodes with superior rate performance.
Allosteric Inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease: Insights from Mass Spectrometry Based Assays**
Authors: El‐Baba Tarick J. , Lutomski Corinne A. , Kantsadi Anastassia L. , Malla Tika R. , John Tobias , Mikhailov Victor , Bolla Jani R. , Schofield Christopher J. , Zitzmann Nicole , Vakonakis Ioannis , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) cleaves along the two viral polypeptides to release non‐structural proteins required for viral replication. MPro is an attractive target for antiviral therapies to combat the coronavirus‐2019 disease. Here, we used native mass spectrometry to characterize the functional unit of Mpro. Analysis of the monomer/dimer equilibria reveals a dissociation constant of Kd=0.14±0.03 μM, indicating MPro has a strong preference to dimerize in solution. We characterized substrate turnover rates by following temporal changes in the enzyme‐substrate complexes, and screened small molecules, that bind distant from the active site, for their ability to modulate activity. These compounds, including one proposed to disrupt the dimer, slow the rate of substrate processing by ≈35 %. This information, together with analysis of the x‐ray crystal structures, provides a starting point for the development of more potent molecules that allosterically regulate MPro activity.
Bis(silylene)‐Stabilized Monovalent Nitrogen Complexes
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Szilvási Tibor , Xiong Yun , Lorent Christian , Ruzicka Ales , Driess Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe first series of bis(silylene)‐stabilized nitrogen(I) compounds is described. Starting from the 1,2‐bis(N‐heterocyclic silylenyl) 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dedocaborane(12) scaffold 1, [1,2‐(LSi)2C2B10H10; L=PhC(NtBu)2], reaction with adamantyl azide (AdN3) affords the terminal N‐μ2‐bridged zwitterionic carborane‐1,2‐bis(silylium) AdN3 adduct 2 with an open‐cage dianionic nido‐C2B10 cluster core. Remarkably, upon one‐electron reduction of 2 with C8K and liberation of N2 and adamantane, the two silylene subunits are regenerated to furnish the isolable bis(silylene)‐stabilized NI complex as an anion of 3 with the nido‐C2B10 cluster cage. On the other hand, one‐electron oxidation of 2 with silver(I) yields the monocationic bis(silylene) NI complex 4 with the closo‐C2B10 cluster core. Moreover, the corresponding neutral NI radical complex 5 results from single‐electron transfer from 3 to 4.
Improvement of water barrier properties of soybean protein isolate films by poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) thin coating
Authors: Salgado Pablo R. , D'Amico David A. , Seoane Irene T. , Iglesias Montes Magdalena , Mauri Adriana N. , Cyras Viviana P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the preparation of bilayer films formed by soy protein isolate (SPI) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This was done using the lowest possible concentration of PHB to improve the functionality of SPI films as food packaging or for agricultural uses, specially reducing their water vapor permeability (WVP). SPI films are environmentally friendly since they are biodegradable and come from renewable sources but they are brittle and have high water permeability. Even for the lowest concentration analyzed, PHB managed to form a homogeneous layer that successfully covered up the SPI film surface. All bilayers films showed a significant reduction of WVP of SPI films, and those with the highest PHB content showed the highest elastic Young's modulus and mechanical strength while maintaining a good elongation and low Tg value, similar to that of SPI. Despite of their hydrophobicity differences, a good adherence of both layers was achieved, which allowed to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the SPI coated films with respect to films formed by both biopolymers separately. The combination of both SPI and PHB seems to be a good alternative to prepare a biodegradable material taking advantages of the best properties of each component.
Novel thiazole–pyrazolone hybrids as potent ACE inhibitors and their cardioprotective effect on isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction
Authors: You Hongwen , Su Xinyou , Su Guoying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA facile synthesis of a group of novel thiazole–pyrazolone hybrids and their investigation for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition are reported in this study. These compounds were synthesized using a well‐known approach, based on the condensation of ethyl acetoacetate with thiazolylhydrazines, and characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The entire set of compounds displayed a moderate‐to‐excellent inhibitory activity against ACE. In particular, compound 4i was found to be the most potent ACE inhibitor and was further studied for cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Compound 4i improved the cardiac function and prevented cardiac injury induced by ISO in Sprague Dawley rats. The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were also restored to near normal by 4i as compared with the ISO group. In the Western blot analysis, compound 4i prevented mitochondrial apoptosis after MI by downregulating the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax, with the upregulation of Bcl‐2, as compared with the ISO group.
‘Turn‐off’ fluorescence strategy for determination of hexavalent chromium ions based on copper nanoclusters
Authors: Cao Xueling , Bai Yageng , Liu Faxian , Li Fei , Luo Yanan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCu nanoclusters (CuNCs) capped by tannic acid (TA) (CuNCs@TA) can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for Cr(VI) detection. Therefore, a fluorescence detection method for Cr(VI) can be established according to the fluorescence quenching of CuNCs@TA that is caused immediately after the addition of Cr(VI). The fluorescence quenching efficiency of CuNCs@TA was linearly correlated with Cr(VI) concentration within the range 0.03–60 μM, and the detection limit for Cr(VI) was 5 nM. This method was demonstrated to be suitable for detecting Cr(VI) in actual water samples. We found that sodium thiosulfate (ST) can redox with Cr(VI) and therefore restore the fluorescence of CuNCs@TA. The mechanism of CuNCs@TA fluorescence quenching and enhancement by Cr(VI) and ST was investigated in detail. The ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent sensor is of practical significance and has broad application prospects.