bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Food Insecurity, Coping Strategies and Adolescent Girls’ Dietary Diversity Status in Hossana Town, Ethiopia.
Authors: Bancha Belay , Petrose Legese , Fanta Begidu Bashe , Endale Ashebir , Delil Romedan , Lodebo Mengistu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Globally there are 1.8 billion adolescents, comprised of 10-19 years old, represent approximately 20% of the world’s population. In Ethiopia this group represents 20-26% of general population. Despite the fact that this period is a window of opportunity to break intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, macro and micronutrient deficiencies are among leading health problems in this vulnerable age groups. Moreover, there is scarcity of data on the status of dietary diversity in this segments of the population.Methods a community based cross sectional study design was employed from May 21-June 20, 2019. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection using cluster sampling technique to approach 451 households with adolescent girls. Data was entered in to Epi-Data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed. Adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR), along with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used and the level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05.Results a total of 434 households with adolescent girls were involved in the study. We found that 41.7% of households were food insecure, only 57.8%, (C.I.53.5-62.2) of adolescent girls consumed diversified diet, with the mean DDS of 5.38 (SD=1.75). After adjusting for potential confounders, occupational status of the adolescents’ father, (AOR= 0.56, 95% C.I. 0.32-0.99 and AOR=0.26, 95% C.I. 0.17-0.47), exposure to televised media (AOR=3.36, 95% C.I. =1.55-7. 3) and household food security status (AOR=5.09, 95% C.I. =3.2-8.08) were significant predictors of dietary diversity among adolescent girls.Conclusion Significant portion of households were food insecure; practicing ranges of coping strategies which further compromised dietary diversity of adolescent girls. Poor dietary diversity adversely affects micronutrient reserves of to-be a-mother girls; the vicious cycles of malnutrition continues its far fetching effect. Given that adolescence is the second period in life with rapid growth and development, improving dietary status of this sensitive segments of the population are to be an agenda of all concerned bodies.
Millennial-scale changes in sea-surface temperature and productivity along the Kuroshio–Oyashio boundary during MIS-19 based on the radiolarian record from the Chiba composite section, central Japan
Authors: Itaki Takuya , Utsuki Sakura , Haneda Yuki , Izumi Kentaro , Kubota Yoshimi , Suganuma Yusuke , Okada Makoto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A high-resolution radiolarian record from 800 to 750 ka was examined from the Chiba composite section (CbCS) of the Kokumoto Formation, including the GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) for the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary, on the Boso Peninsula, Pacific side of central Japan. Total radiolarian abundance was closely related to biological productivity in the sea-surface layer and was observed to increase and repeatedly decrease in the millennial-scale period. Summer SST (sea-surface temperature), which was estimated based on the radiolarian assemblage, was 19°C at the end of MIS-20 (790-793 ka) and fluctuated between 21 and 26°C during MIS-19, with the warm periods tending to be synchronous with high productivity. Recent observations have revealed that productivity increases with a northward shift of the Kuroshio along the Kuroshio-Oyashio boundary zone. Therefore, high productivity in the warmer and stratified conditions during MIS-19 can be interpreted as being closely related to millennial-scale oscillations of the Kuroshio Extension. Such millennial-scale climatic changes were also recognized in southern Europe and are likely related to shifts in climate systems such as AO (Arctic Oscillations).
The importance of COVID-19 testing to assess socioeconomic fatality drivers and true case fatality rate. Facing the pandemic or walking in the dark?
Authors: Ibarra-Armenta Cristina Isabel , Alarcon-Osuna Moises Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Up to date, European and other developed countries became the centre of the pandemic. While the COVID-19 spread to developing countries and less developed regions, seems to be still very low. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) differs a lot among countries, genetics, health systems, population characteristics as well as public health and social measures (lockdown measures) are believed to be the determinants of such diversity. Through an Ordinal Probit, Cross Section and Panel data models for 71 countries, it is shown that the nations applying more tests per million inhabitants are also those reporting more cases and deaths, yet greater testing helped to reduce CFR; while, health infrastructure and population health indicators could not be confirmed as drivers for CFR. The Stringency Index showed a negative correlation with the number of deaths. Our main finding is that, the pandemic concentration on developed nations is highly related with their ability and resources for tracking the pandemic. Three additional conclusions are drawn: first, the true CFR and its drivers at national levels cannot be estimated without increasing the number of tests per million inhabitants; second, there is an under-identification of cases and/or deaths and the countries applying more tests, are most clearly identifying the reality of the pandemic, while countries with less cases, are actually still walking in the dark; third lockdown measures have been effective at reducing the number of deaths.
Rosiglitazone Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Ischemic Stroke by Reducing MMP-9 Expression Through a Caveolin-1-Dependent Pathway.
Authors: Huang Qianyi , Zhong Wei , Yi Xia , Qin Zhen , Tang Xiangqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Rosiglitazone (RSG) is a widely used antidiabetic drug which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Recent work have shown that RSG can up-regulate caveolin-1 levels and ameliorate both chronic and acute brain injury. However, whether rosiglitazone can ameliorate ischemic injury in the brain via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway remains unknown. Methods: Adult male sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, rosiglitazone group and rosiglitazone+daidzein group. The rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established using the suture method, with ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 22 hours. Neurological deficits were evaluated by the methods of Longa’s standard scoring. Cerebral infarction volume was observed by staining with 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Evans blue content reflects BBB permeability. The expressions of caveolin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and occludin were detected by immunofluorescent staining and western blot. Results: In this study, we found that the expression of caveolin-1 was increased in a rat model of stroke, and treatment with RSG significantly increased the levels of caveolin-1, reduced the release of MMP-9, and increased the expression of occludin. On the other hand, a caveolin-1 inhibitor daidzein canceled the protective roles of RSG in the MCAO model. Conclusions: These data unveil that RSG might protect blood-brain barrier integrity by down-regulating the levels of MMP-9 via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway.
Demand for Family Planning among Poor Women in Uganda: Analysis of the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Kabagenyi Allen , Kakande Pamela , Owayezu Vianney 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Family planning is one of the major cost-effective interventions to improve maternal health, reduce maternal and child mortality, and prevent unplanned pregnancies, yet its use remains low in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among the poor. In Uganda, little is known about the factors influencing the demand for family planning among the poor. This study examines the determinants of demand for family planning among poor women in a low income country.Methods: The study is based on data from the 2006, 2011, and 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS). The analysis was carried using weighted samples of 2,238 in 2006, 2,164 in 2011, and 4,370 in 2016. Descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regressions presenting both the unadjusted and adjusted were used to examine the influence of different demographic, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors on poor women’s demand for family planning.Results: Our findings showed demand for family planning was 56% in 2006, 60% in 2011, and 65% in 2016 among women in the poorest and poorer household health quintiles who were married or in union. In all three surveys, women age 25-39 had higher odds of demand for family planning compared with women age 15-24 (AOR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1-1.9 in 2006, AOR=2.2, 95% CI=1.7-2.7 in 2011, AOR=1.7, 95% CI=1.5-2.0 in 2016). Women with no education had lower odds of demand for family planning compared with those with secondary education (AOR=0.4, 95% CI=0.3-0.6, pooled results). Also, in the 2011 UDHS, women who had heard about family planning on the radio had higher odds of demand (AOR=1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.7, pooled) for family planning compared with those who had not, and in the 2006 survey women who had discussed family planning at a health facility had higher odds of demand for family planning (AOR=1.0, 95% CI=0.8-1.2) compared with women who had not done so.Conclusions: Demand for family planning is influenced by a woman’s age, educational attainment, religion, exposure to family planning messages on the radio, and discussion on family planning at a health facility. This study underscores the need for increased family planning counseling by health workers and more discussion about family planning at the health facility. The findings further suggest the need to provide increased adequate family planning services and information for the poor, uneducated, and rural women to meet the demand for family planning.
WITHDRAWN: The Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviours in CKD Patients.
Authors: Lech Magdalena , Adrian Lech , Stanisław Niemczyk , Arkadiusz Lubas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Personality traits can change in the course of chronic disease and affect health behaviour.The aim of the work was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on the expression of personality traits and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and change in health behaviours of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: A total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 F, 116 M; age 61 ±12 years): 160 patients with CKD stage G4-G5 and 40 healthy persons constituting a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Researcher’s Questionnaire Test.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The patients in the pre-dialysis period revealed more openness to new experiences and more extraversion than those who were hemodialysed. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity, according to the Beck Depression Inventory, was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness and openness significantly correlated with more intense health behaviours.Conclusions: Personalities of patients with CKD change with subsequent stages of treatment and undergo the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affect the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and revealed health behaviour.
Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses
Authors: Ahmed Sharnali , Yahiro Takaaki , Emran Nor Amalina , Amit Lia Natasha , Iha Hidekatsu , Ahmed Kamruddin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks associated with P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were performed to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The VP4 gene of the P[9] strains could be divided into six lineages, and P[9] strains characterized in this study share a common ancestor that circulated in circa 1864. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the common ancestor of the VP4 gene of the current P[9] strains is relatively recent.
Factors predicting metastasis in patients with 10–20-mm sized rectal neuroendocrine tumor&nbsp;
Authors: Park Byung-Soo , Cho Sung Hwan , Son Gyung Mo , Kim Hyun Sung , Kim Su Jin , Park Su Bum , Choi Cheol Woong , Kim Hyung Wook , Shin Dong Hoon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) <10 mm are typically treated with endoscopic resection, while those >20 mm should be treated with radical surgical resection. However, the proper treatment methodology for 10-20-mm sized rectal NETs remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate treatment strategy for 10-20-mm sized rectal NETs by verifying factors that can predict metastasis.Methods: A total of 24 patients with 10–20-mm sized NETs who were treated at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from January 2009 to September 2020 were included. The patients were divided into the metastasis and non-metastasis groups, and their respective data were analyzed.Results: Seven patients had metastasis (29.2%) while 17 patients had no metastasis (70.8%). The tumor size, based on the endorectal ultrasound (EUS) findings, was significantly larger in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic group (14.4 vs. 10.2 mm, p = 0.029); however, the pathological tumor size did not show significant differences (13.3 vs. 11.8 mm, p = 0.065). Lymph node enlargement was observed in a single patient (14.3%) in the metastatic group, based on EUS and computed tomography (CT) imaging findings. The mitotic count (p = 0.017) and Ki-67 index (p = 0.014) were significantly higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group. The two groups also showed a significant difference in the proportion of patients with tumor grade 2 (71.4% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the tumor grade was the only independent metastasis-predicting factor (odds ratio = 49.25; 95% confidence interval = 2.55–950.83; p = 0.010). Conclusions: Regarding the treatment of 10–20-mm sized rectal NETs, tumor grade 2 should be the most important factor to determine whether additional radical resection is necessary.
Lymphocyte subset alterations with disease severity, imaging manifestation, and delayed hospitalization in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wu Daxian , Wu Xiaoping , Huang Jiansheng , Rao Qunfang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Wenfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 continuously threated public health heavily. Present study aimed to investigate the lymphocyte subset alterations with disease severity, imaging manifestation, and delayed hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.Methods: Lymphocyte subsets was classified using flow cytometry with peripheral blood collected from 106 patients.Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that chest tightness, lymphocyte count, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were the independent predictors for severe COVID-19. The T cell, CD4+ T cell and B cell counts in severe patients were significantly lower than that in mild patients (p = 0.004, 0.003 and 0.046, respectively). Only the T cell count was gradually decreased with the increase of infiltrated quadrants of lesions in computed tomography (CT) (p = 0.043). The T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell counts were gradually decreased with the increase of infiltrated area of the maximum lesion in CT (p = 0.002, 0.003, 0.028; respectively). The T cell count, as well as CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and NK cell counts were gradually decreased with the increased delayed hospitalization (p = 0.003, 0.002, 0.013, and 0.012; respectively). The proportion of T cell was gradually decreased but B cell was gradually increased with the increased delayed hospitalization (p = 0.031 and 0.003, respectively).Conclusion: T cell and CD4+ T cell counts negatively correlated with disease severity, CT manifestation and delayed hospitalization. CD4+ T cell was mainstay of immunity response in COVID-19 patients.
Diagnosis and Management of Scrotal Wall Mass with the Aid of Scrotoscope: Case Series Report
Authors: Zhang Ruochen , Gao Yunliang , Li Tao , Zhu Qingguo , Ye Liefu , Wei Yongbao , Yang Jinrui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Scrotal wall mass is relatively rare in clinical practice, and very difficult to be differentiated from scrotal content lesions by physical or ultrasound examination. Herein, we would like to share the experiences of scrotoscope in diagnosis and treatment of Scrotal wall masses.
Methods

Retrospectively reviewed all the clinical data of scrotal wall mass patients treated by our medical team between June 2015 and July 2019. The diagnostic value was evaluated by comparing with Doppler ultrasound examination and the therapeutic value was evaluated by comparing with traditional surgery. Suspected scrotal tuberculosis or malignant scrotal tumor patients were excluded.
Results

Totally, 6 patients with scrotal wall masses were diagnosed and treated with scrotoscope. Preoperative ultrasound examination leaded to ambiguous or incorrect diagnosis of the origination of scrotal wall masses in all the 6 cases. The location of all the masses was clearly confirmed by scrotoscope exploration. Three patients were diagnosed as scrotal wall cysts, and 1 of them was successfully resected during the procedure, the other 2 were resected through small incision. In the other 3 patients, a total of 4 scrotal wall solid masses were resected through small incision after diagnosis by scrotoscope. There was no wound infection, scrotal edema, hematoma, chronic scrotal pain or injury of testicular or epididymis.
Conclusions

Scrotal wall masses are relatively rare, and it is very difficult for preoperative ultrasound examination to make a firm diagnosis of its origination. Scrotoscope can confirm the localization of the tumor, and provides us important information for minimally invasive resection. And even in some cases, endoscopic resection of the masses can be performed under scrotoscope.
Coupled Microbiome Analyses Highlights Relative Functional Roles of Bacteria in a Bivalve Hatchery
Authors: Timmins-Schiffman Emma , White Samuel J. , Thompson Rhonda Elliott , Vadopalas Brent , Eudeline Benoit , Nunn Brook L , Roberts Steven B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Microbial communities are ubiquitous throughout ecosystems and are commensal with hosts across taxonomic boundaries. Environmental and species-specific microbiomes are instrumental in maintaining ecosystem and host health, respectively. The introduction of pathogenic microbes that shift microbiome community structure can lead to illness and death. Understanding the dynamics of microbiomes across a diversity of environments and hosts will help us to better understand which taxa forecast survival and which forecast mortality events. Results: We characterized the microbiome in the water of a commercial shellfish hatchery in Washington state, USA, where the hatchery has been plagued by recurring and unexplained larval mortality events. By applying the complementary methods of metagenomics and metaproteomics we were able to more fully characterize the bacterial taxa in the hatchery at high (pH 8.2) and low (pH 7.1) pH that were metabolically active versus present but not contributing metabolically. There were shifts in the taxonomy and functional profile of the microbiome between pH and over time. Based on detected metagenomic reads and metaproteomic peptide spectral matches, some taxa were more metabolically active than expected based on presence alone (Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria) and some were less metabolically active than expected (e.g., Betaproteobacteria, Cytophagia). There was little correlation between potential and realized metabolic function based on Gene Ontology analysis of detected genes and peptides. Conclusion: Analyzed together, the metagenomics and metaproteomics datasets reveal that a complete understanding of water quality and interactions with a microbiome require multiple data types to fully reveal the relationship between potential and realized microbiome function.