bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYBRID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION IN A LARGE SCALE COMPLEX SURVEY
Authors: Razzak Humera , Heumann Christian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Large-scale complex surveys typically contain a large number of variables measured on an even larger number of respondents. Missing data is a common problem in such surveys. Since usually most of the variables in a survey are categorical, multiple imputation requires robust methods for modelling high-dimensional categorical data distributions. This paper introduces the 3-stage Hybrid Multiple Imputation (HMI) approach, computationally efficient and easy to implement, to impute complex survey data sets that contain both continuous and categorical variables. The proposed HMI approach involves the application of sequential regression MI techniques to impute the continuous variables by using information from the categorical variables, already imputed by a non-parametric Bayesian MI approach. The proposed approach seems to be a good alternative to the existing approaches, frequently yielding lower root mean square errors, empirical standard errors and standard errors than the others. The HMI method has proven to be markedly superior to the existing MI methods in terms of computational efficiency. The authors illustrate repeated sampling properties of the hybrid approach using simulated data. The results are also illustrated by child data from the multiple indicator survey (MICS) in Punjab 2014.
THE IMPACT OF THE APPLIED TYPOLOGY ON THE STATISTICAL PICTURE OF POPULATION AGEING IN URBAN AREAS IN POLAND – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Klimanek Tomasz , Filas-Przybył Sylwia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to review and compare the processes of population ageing in Polish urban areas. The study presents a novel approach to the problem, because in addition to measuring this phenomenon according to the National Official Register of the Territorial Division of the Country (TERYT) classification, it also measures population ageing according to the classification for urban areas (LAU 2 units) – Degree of Urbanisation (DEGURBA). Several traditional demographic measures for population ageing were applied, such as the median age, parent support ratio, ageing index, elderly dependency ratio, share of people aged 65 and older, and total dependency ratio. Also, Chu’s alternative measure of population ageing accompanied by a dynamic version of ageing index was computed. The values of these indicators for 2016 were compared with those for 2010. The authors carried out a more detailed analysis of the differences between the ageing of populations in urban areas according to the degree of urbanization (DEGURBA), and compared the outcome with the results of the TERYT-based measurement (the traditional administrative territorial division). The comparison of the outcomes of both the above-mentioned ways of measuring the phenomenon of population ageing showed discrepancies, namely the ageing process measured according to the DEGURBA typology proved to be less intensive than the same process assessed according to the TERYT typology. This indicates that there are differences between the statistical pictures of population ageing in urban areas depending on whether demographical and morfological aspects are taken into consideration or not.
ON PERMUTATION LOCATION–SCALE TESTS
Authors: Polko-Zając Dominika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Statisticians are constantly looking for methods of statistical inference that would be both effective and would require meeting as few assumptions as possible. Permutation tests seem to fit here, as using them makes it possible to perform statistical inference in situations where classical parametric tests do not work. Permutation tests appear to be comparably powerful to parametric tests, but require meeting fewer assumptions, e.g. regarding the size of the sample or the from of distribution of the tested variable in a population. The presented tests make it possible to verify the overall hypothesis about the identity of both location and scale parameters in the studied populations. In literature, the Lepage test and the Cucconi test are most often referred to in this context. The paper considers various forms of test statistics, and presents a simulation study carried out to determine the size and power of the tests under normality. As the study demonstrated, the advantage of the proposed method is that it can be applied to small-size samples. A nonparametric, complex procedure was used to assess the overall ASL (achieved significance level) value by applying the permutation principle. For comparative purposes, the results for the permutation Lepage test and the permutation Cucconi test are also presented.
SUBJECTIVE AND COMMUNITY WELL-BEING INTERACTION IN A MULTILEVEL SPATIAL MODELLING FRAMEWORK1
Authors: Okrasa Włodzimierz , Rozkrut Dominik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analysing the cross-level interaction between individual and community well-being requires a joint involvement of both ‘vertical’ and ‘horizontal’ perspectives. While multilevel modelling separates the effects resulting from personal characteristics from those resulting from community features, the need to account for spatial variation and geographic membership proves that space and place matter, too. In this paper, the explicitly-spatial multilevel model has been developed to this effect, namely to identify both types of effects, space and place-related, using the hierarchical (nested) data structure for the smallest administrative units – NUTS5/LAU2, i.e. communes (gminas). In their analysis, the authors employed two methods for measuring well-being: (i) individual (subjective) well-being measure derived from the nation-wide Time Use Survey data, which they occasionally replaced with ‘life satisfaction’ type of self-reported measures, and (ii) multidimensional index of local deprivation composed of eleven domain-scales. The spatial multilevel modelling has been extended by an attempt to assess what effect spatial interaction has on cross-level relationships. Its inclusion in the discussion with which this paper concludes seems recommendable, as it indicates the need for more systematic efforts towards a spatially-integrated approach to this kind of modelling problems.
Rapid Climate Adaption Assessment (RCAA) of water supply and sanitation services in two coastal urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Clemenz Nikolaus , Boakye Richard , Parker Alison 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study assessed the impact of different hydrological scenarios on existing vulnerabilities of water and sanitation services in Chorkor and Shiabu, two coastal urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. The hydrological scenarios were developed from the literature on climate change projections. This paper recommends adaptations for community members, service providers, and the municipality based on the impact assessment. Chorkor and Shiabu are vulnerable to an increase in rainfall because of the lack of adequate solid waste management and hydrological sound drains. Shiabu's topography and the indiscriminate sand mining along its beach make it vulnerable to an increase in sea level. Looking beyond Chorkor and Shiabu's community boundaries, the urban water utility which supplies water vendors in both communities may be severely impacted by a decrease in rainfall, which would lead to water scarcity and a shortage in hydroelectricity. Regardless of which climate change scenario emerges, many of the recommended adaptations are good water management practice, for example, increasing the number of household connections and reducing non-revenue water. Putting climate change high on the agenda has the potential to generate additional funding to help address Chorkor and Shiabu's water and sanitation problems, and climate-proof services for the future. However, the study method does not address the governance of these adaptations.
Predictive Role of BNP/NT-proBNP in Non-Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Providência Rui , Falconer Debbie , Wongwarawipat Tanakal , Tousoulis Dimitris , Lim Wei Yao , Chow Anthony W. , Schilling Richard J. , Lambiase Pier D. 
Published: December 2019

:
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a growing public health issue, associated with significant morbidity
and mortality. In addition to pharmacological therapy, catheter ablation is an effective strategy in
restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm. However, ablation is not without risk, and AF recurs in a significant
proportion of patients. Non-invasive, easily accessible markers or indices that could stratify
patients depending on the likelihood of a successful outcome following ablation would allow us to
select the most appropriate patients for the procedure, reducing the AF recurrence rate and exposure to
potentially life-threatening risks.

:
There has been much attention paid to Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal prohormone of
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) as possible predictive markers of successful ablation. Several
studies have demonstrated an association between higher pre-ablation levels of these peptides, and a
greater likelihood of AF recurrence. Therefore, there may be a role for measuring brain natriuretic peptides
levels when selecting patients for catheter ablation.
An Overview of Recent Advances in Biological and Pharmaceutical Developments of Fluoro-containing Drugs
Authors: Khaligh Nader G. , Abbo Hanna , Titinchi Salam J.J. , Johan Mohd R. 
Published: December 2019

:
This review article provides a brief assessment of the biological and pharmaceutical
developments of fluorinated drugs. It also discusses possible impacts on the further
development of new fluoro-containing pharmaceuticals. Structural aspects of new
drug-candidates currently under development and their biological properties, therapeutic
potential and syntheses are critically evaluated
Three Major Phosphoacceptor Sites in HIV-1 Capsid Protein Enhances its Structural Stability and Resistance Against the Inhibitor: Explication Through Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Molecular Docking and DFT Analysis
Authors: Rasool Nouman , Hussain Waqar 
Published: December 2019

Background:Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) is a lentivirus, which causes various HIV-associated infections. The HIV-1 core dissociation is essential for viral cDNA synthesis and phosphorylation of HIV-1 capsid protein (HIV-1 CA) plays an important role in it.Objective:The aim of this study was to explicate the role of three phosphoserine sites i.e. Ser109, Ser149 and Ser178 in the structural stability of HIV-1 CA, and it’s binding with GS-CA1, a novel potent inhibitor.Method:Eight complexes were analyzed and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to observe the stability of HIV-1 CA in the presence and absence of phosphorylation of serine residues at four different temperatures i.e. 300K, 325K, 340K and 350K, along with molecular docking and DFT analysis.Results:The structures showed maximum stability in the presence of phosphorylated serine residue. However, GS-CA1 docked most strongly with the native structure of HIV-1 CA i.e. binding affinity was -8.5 kcal/mol (Ki = 0.579 µM).Conclusion:These results suggest that the phosphorylation of these three serine residues weakens the binding of GS-CA1 with CA and casts derogatory effect on inhibition potential of this inhibitor, but it supports the stability of HIV-1 CA structure that can enhance regulation and replication of HIV-1 in host cells.
Cytotoxicity, Docking Study of New Fluorinated Fused Pyrimidine Scaffold: Thermal and Microwave Irradiation Synthesis
Authors: Alnaja Alaa M.A. , Farghaly Thoraya A. , El-zahabi Heba S.A. , Shaaban Mohamed R. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Azolopyrimidines are imposed on the arena of drugs treated for cancer.
The urgent need to discover new selective anticancer agents, paved the way to explore the antitumor
significance of such fused systems. From the synthetic point of view, Microwave facilitated
technique for synthesis is very strongly associated with green method in chemistry field.

Aim:
Our aim is to synthesize bioactive compounds using docking simulation run by MOE program
to explore the binding mode of the most active enzyme inhibitor among the target compounds.

Method:
In addition to the use of conventional heating, the MARS system of CEM utilized for
Microwave irradiation that is equipped with a multi-mode platform with a magnetic stirring plate
and a rotor that allows the parallel processing of many vessels per batch. All the synthesized compounds
were tested for their anticancer activity against hepatic cancer (HepG-2), breast cancer
(MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116). Screening against the cancer cell lines was performed, using
doxorubicin as a reference drug. Docking studies were conducted using MOE software.

Result:
A novel series of fluorinated fused-pyrimidine namely, pyrazolopyrimidine, triazolopyrimidine
and pyrimidobenzimidazole were designed and synthesized conventionally and
under microwave irradiations. The mechanistic pathways as well as the structure of all products
were debated and demonstrated based on all possible spectral data. In-vitro examination of the
novel prepared derivatives versus the three different human cancer cell lines [hepatic cancer
(HepG-2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116)] was evaluated to estimate their actual
activity.

Conclusion:
We have developed a simple, facile, and efficient procedure for the formation of new
series of azolopyrimidines. All spectra of all products were investigated deliberately to confirm
their structures. The anti-cancer activity has been examined against three cancer cell lines e.g.
HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT116. Molecular modeling study was carried out in order to rationalize
the in vitro anti-tumor results.
Comparison of Assessment by a Virtual Patient and by Clinician-Educators of Medical Students' History-Taking Skills: Exploratory Descriptive Study
Authors: Setrakian Jean , Gauthier Geneviève , Bergeron Linda , Chamberland Martine , St-Onge Christina 
Published: December 2019

Background
A virtual patient (VP) can be a useful tool to foster the development of medical history–taking skills without the inherent constraints of the bedside setting. Although VPs hold the promise of contributing to the development of students’ skills, documenting and assessing skills acquired through a VP is a challenge.

Objective
We propose a framework for the automated assessment of medical history taking within a VP software and then test this framework by comparing VP scores with the judgment of 10 clinician-educators (CEs).

Methods
We built upon 4 domains of medical history taking to be assessed (breadth, depth, logical sequence, and interviewing technique), adapting these to be implemented into a specific VP environment. A total of 10 CEs watched the screen recordings of 3 students to assess their performance first globally and then for each of the 4 domains.

Results
The scores provided by the VPs were slightly higher but comparable with those given by the CEs for global performance and for depth, logical sequence, and interviewing technique. For breadth, the VP scores were higher for 2 of the 3 students compared with the CE scores.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the VP assessment gives results akin to those that would be generated by CEs. Developing a model for what constitutes good history-taking performance in specific contexts may provide insights into how CEs generally think about assessment.
Gender and the Digital Divide Across Urban Slums of New Delhi, India: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Malhotra Bhavya , Amadi Chioma , Loomba Menka , Misra Archa , Sharma Shruti , Arora Arushi , Amatya Jaya 
Published: December 2019

Background
Disparities in access to specific technologies within gender groups have not been investigated. Slum settings provide an ideal population to investigate the contributing factors to these disparities.

Objective
This study aimed to examine gender differences in mobile phone ownership, internet access, and knowledge of SMS text messaging among males and females living in urban slum settings.

Methods
A convenience sampling approach was used in sample selection from 675 unnotified slums. A total of 38 slum sites were then selected across four geographic zones. Of these, 10% of the households in each slum site was selected from each zone. One household member was interviewed based on their availability and fulfillment of the eligibility criteria. Eligible individuals included those aged 18 years and above, residing in these slums, and who provided voluntary consent to participate in the study. Individuals with mental or physical challenges were excluded from the study.

Results
Our results showed that females were half as likely to own mobile phones compared with males (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.76), less likely to have internet access (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56-1.11), or know how to send text messages (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.66-1.31). The predictors of mobile phone ownership, internet access, and text messaging between males and females included age, individual education, housing type, and the number of earning members in a household in the adjusted analysis. Among males, the number of earning members was a predictor of both mobile phone ownership and text messaging, whereas household education was a predictor of both internet access and text messaging. Age and individual education only predicted internet access, whereas housing type only predicted text messaging. Among females, household education was a predictor of all the technology outcomes. Age and type of toilet facility only predicted mobile phone ownership; housing type only predicted internet access whereas television ownership with satellite service and smoking behavior only predicted text messaging.

Conclusions
Our study findings showing disparate access to technology within gender groups lend support for further research to examine the causal mechanisms promoting these differences to proffer significant solutions. Specifically, our study findings suggest that improving household education is crucial to address the disparate access and usage of mobile phones, the internet, and text messaging among women in slum settings. This suggestion is due to the consistency in household educational level as a predictor across all these technology indicators. In addition, the mechanisms by which the number of household earning members influences the disparate access to technology among men call for further exploration.
Augmented Reality Learning Environment for Basic Life Support and Defibrillation Training: Usability Study
Authors: Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Mormando Giulia , Giudici Eleonora , Strada Francesco , Carfagna Fabio , Lamberti Fabrizio , Bottino Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Background
Basic life support (BLS) is crucial in the emergency response system, as sudden cardiac arrest is still a major cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, only a minority of victims receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from bystanders. In this context, training could be helpful to save more lives, and technology-enhanced BLS simulation is one possible solution.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of our augmented reality (AR) prototype as a tool for BLS training.

Methods
Holo-BLSD is an AR self-instruction training system, in which a standard CPR manikin is “augmented” with an interactive virtual environment that reproduces realistic scenarios. Learners can use natural gestures, body movements, and spoken commands to perform their tasks, with virtual 3D objects anchored to the manikin and the environment. During the experience, users were trained to use the device while being guided through an emergency simulation and, at the end, were asked to complete a survey to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the proposed tool (5-point Likert scale; 1=Strongly Disagree, 5=Strongly Agree).

Results
The system was rated easy to use (mean 4.00, SD 0.94), and the trainees stated that most people would learn to use it very quickly (mean 4.00, SD 0.89). Voice (mean 4.48, SD 0.87), gaze (mean 4.12, SD 0.97), and gesture interaction (mean 3.84, SD 1.14) were judged positively, although some hand gesture recognition errors reduced the feeling of having the right level of control over the system (mean 3.40, SD 1.04).

Conclusions
We found the Holo-BLSD system to be a feasible and acceptable tool for AR BLS training.
Volumetric Food Quantification Using Computer Vision on a Depth-Sensing Smartphone: Preclinical Study
Authors: Herzig David , Nakas Christos T , Stalder Janine , Kosinski Christophe , Laesser Céline , Dehais Joachim , Jaeggi Raphael , Leichtle Alexander Benedikt , Dahlweid Fried-Michael , Stettler Christoph , Bally Lia 
Published: December 2019

Background
Quantification of dietary intake is key to the prevention and management of numerous metabolic disorders. Conventional approaches are challenging, laborious, and lack accuracy. The recent advent of depth-sensing smartphones in conjunction with computer vision could facilitate reliable quantification of food intake.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel smartphone app combining depth-sensing hardware with computer vision to quantify meal macronutrient content using volumetry.

Methods
The app ran on a smartphone with a built-in depth sensor applying structured light (iPhone X). The app estimated weight, macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, fat), and energy content of 48 randomly chosen meals (breakfasts, cooked meals, snacks) encompassing 128 food items. The reference weight was generated by weighing individual food items using a precision scale. The study endpoints were (1) error of estimated meal weight, (2) error of estimated meal macronutrient content and energy content, (3) segmentation performance, and (4) processing time.

Results
In both absolute and relative terms, the mean (SD) absolute errors of the app’s estimates were 35.1 g (42.8 g; relative absolute error: 14.0% [12.2%]) for weight; 5.5 g (5.1 g; relative absolute error: 14.8% [10.9%]) for carbohydrate content; 1.3 g (1.7 g; relative absolute error: 12.3% [12.8%]) for fat content; 2.4 g (5.6 g; relative absolute error: 13.0% [13.8%]) for protein content; and 41.2 kcal (42.5 kcal; relative absolute error: 12.7% [10.8%]) for energy content. Although estimation accuracy was not affected by the viewing angle, the type of meal mattered, with slightly worse performance for cooked meals than for breakfasts and snacks. Segmentation adjustment was required for 7 of the 128 items. Mean (SD) processing time across all meals was 22.9 seconds (8.6 seconds).

Conclusions
This study evaluated the accuracy of a novel smartphone app with an integrated depth-sensing camera and found highly accurate volume estimation across a broad range of food items. In addition, the system demonstrated high segmentation performance and low processing time, highlighting its usability.