bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium Biofortified Alfalfa Hay Supplemented to Dairy Heifers During the Peripartum Affects the Antioxidant Function of Albumin but Has Little Impact on Metabolic and Immune Function
Authors: Jaaf Shana , Mezzetti Matteo , Trevisi Erminio , Cherian Gita , Bionaz Massimo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: the peripartum is the most critical period in dairy cows with high incidence of diseases due to immune dysfunctions, often paired with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Selenium is a trace mineral that plays an important role in anti-oxidative function and immune response. We hypothesize that supplementing dairy cows with a relatively small amount of Se-biofortified hay during the last 40 days of pregnancy and early lactation improves performance, metabolism, oxidative status, and immune response.Methods: ten Jersey and 8 Holstein pregnant dairy heifers were divided into two groups and supplemented with 1 kg/100 kg BW of Se-biofortified (Sel; n=9; 3.2 ppm Se) or non-biofortified (Ctr; n=9; 0.4 ppm Se) alfalfa hay from 40 days prior- to 2 weeks post-partum. Heifers were monitored daily for feed intake, activity, and milk yield, and weekly for BW and BCS. Milk samples were assessed for components and fatty acid profile. Blood samples were collected regularly to assess metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory biomarkers, and to evaluate leukocytes phagocytosis and differential through flow cytometry.Results: supplementation of Se biofortified hay did not affect feed intake, milk yield, BW, BCS, milk components, and any of the parameters measured on leukocytes but increased the hematocrit. Animal receiving Se biofortified hay had larger concentration of plasma albumin and a tendency for larger blood urea, indicating a possible better liver status, especially post-partum. None of the parameters measured in plasma related to the oxidative status were affected, except the concentration of advanced oxidation protein products that was greater in Sel vs. Ctr. The concentration of advanced oxidation protein products was negatively correlated with parameters related to inflammation but positively associated to plasma albumin suggesting a possible improved anti-oxidative function of circulating albumin by Se-biofortified hay supplementation.Conclusions: feeding Se-biofortified hay during pregnancy in dairy heifers had little effect on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative status parameters with no effect on performance or immune response. Supplementation with Se-biofortified hay increased plasma level of albumin, possibly as consequence of improved liver function, promoting the antioxidant role of albumin as indicated by increased AOPP.
No changes in adolescent's sedentary behaviour across Europe between 2002 and 2017
Authors: López-Fernández Jorge , López-Valenciano Alejandro , Mayo Xián , Liguori Gary , Lamb Martin , Copeland Robert , Jiménez Alfonso 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Health organizations have been alerted to the high levels of sedentary behaviour (SB) among adolescents as well as to the health and social consequences of excess sedentary time. However, SB changes of European Union (EU) adolescents over time are yet to be reported. This study aimed to identify SB changes the EU adolescents (15-17 years) between 2002 and 2017, and to analyse the prevalence of SB according to the gender.Methods: SB of 2542 adolescents (1335 boys and 1207 girls) as a whole sample and country-by-country was analysed in 2002, 2005, 2013, and 2017 using the Sport and Physical Activity EU Special Eurobarometers' data. SB was measured using the sitting time question from the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), such that 4h30min of daily sitting time was the delineating point to determine excess SB behaviour (≥4h30min of sitting time) or not (≤4h30min of sitting time). A χ2 test was used to compare the prevalence of SB between survey years. Furthermore, SB prevalence between genders was analysed using a Z-Score test for two population proportions. Results: The prevalence of SB among EU adolescents across each of the four survey years ranged from 74.2% and 76.8%, rates that are considered high. High levels of SB were also displayed by both genders (girls: 76.8% to 81.2%; boys: 71.7% to 76.7%). No significant differences in the prevalence of SB among years (p>0.05) were found for the whole sample, girls, or boys. Also, no significant differences in the prevalence of SB between girls and boys were found. Conclusion: The SB prevalence in adolescents is extremely high (76.8% in 2017) but remained steady from 2002-2017, and European girls and boys reported similar prevalence of SB across the same time frame.
Identification of the active compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of Xiaoqinglong decoction for asthma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
Authors: Li Haili , Zhou Jianpeng , Wei Zuyou , Chen Feng , Deng Jingmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and purposeAsthma has become the most common chronic respiratory disease in the world. Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) is described as a commonly used drug for treatment and prevention of asthma for thousands of years, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clarified completely. Therefore, a network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to uncover the active compounds and pharmacological mechanism of XQLD on asthma.MethodsBioactive ingredients and targets of XQLD, asthma-related targets were obtained from public databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct biological networks. DAVID database was used to perform Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was performed to further verify the internal relationship between the active ingredients and key targets.ResultsA total of 169 bioactive ingredients and 127 gene targets of XQLD were identified. The network analysis indicated that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and luteolin may be candidate agents. The IL6, VEGFA, NFKBIA, ICAM1, VCAM1, PPARG, IRF1, CYP3A4, CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 could become potential drug targets. The KEGG suggested that PI3K-AKT, Estrogen, FoxO, MAPK, HIF-1 signaling pathway may play a significant role in treating asthma. Molecular docking showed that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and luteolin combined well with IL6, VEGFA, PPARG, CYP3A4.ConclusionThis study predicted the main ingredients, potential drug targets and pharmacological mechanism of XQLD on asthma from a new sight, as well as provided a promising approach for the research of chemical basis and pharmacology in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Effectiveness of Integrated Aedes albopictus Management in Southern Switzerland
Authors: Ravasi Damiana , Monton Diego Parrondo , Tanadini Matteo , Flacio Eleonora 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe exotic invasive tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, appeared in southern Switzerland in 2003. The spread of the mosquito has been surveyed constantly since then and an integrated vector management (IVM) has been implemented to control its numbers. The control measures focus on the aquatic phase of the mosquito with removal of breeding sites and larvicide applications in public areas. Private areas are reached through extensive information campaigns to citizens. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the IVM.MethodsSince all the municipalities with Ae. albopictus in southern Switzerland are currently implementing the IVM, Italian municipalities just across the Swiss-Italian border, where Ae. albopictus is present but no coordinated intervention programme is in place, served as control. Ovitraps and adult female traps were used to measure mosquito abundance in 2019. Generalised Mixed-Effects Models were used to model the numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs and adult females collected. The numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs were then compared to the numbers of eggs collected in 2012-2013 in a previous assessment of the IVM, using a hurdle model.ResultsMean Ae. albopictus egg and adult female numbers in 2019 were consistently higher in the municipalities not following an IVM programme. In these municipalities, there were about four times (3.8) more eggs than in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme. Also, the numbers of eggs and adult females increased steadily from the beginning of the Ae. albopictus reproductive season, reaching a peak in August. In contrast, the increase in numbers of Ae. albopictus was much more contained in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme, without reaching an evident peak. Comparison with data from 2012 and 2013 showed that the gap between intervention and non-intervention areas has almost doubled in the past six years.ConclusionsThe results of the survey demonstrate the efficacy of the IVM programme implemented in southern Switzerland, compared to municipalities not implementing defined control measures. With the constant implementation of an IVM, it is possible to contain the numbers of Ae. albopictus at a manageable level, reducing the nuisance for the human population and the risk of arbovirus epidemics.
Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides Insights into Their Atypical tRNAs Annotation, Genome Rearrangement and Evolution
Authors: Zhan Xuebing , Chen Bing , Fang Yu , Dong Fangyuan , Fang Weixi , Luo Qian , Chu Lingmiao , Feng Rui , Wang Yan , Su Xuan , Fang Ying , Xu Jiaoyang , Zuo Zetao , Xia Xingquan , Yu Jiegen , Sun Entao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Sarcoptiformes mites typically contain 37 genes. Loss of genes is rare in Sarcoptiformes mite mt genomes, but two of the six previously reported oribatid mites (Acariform Order Sarcoptiformes) are reported to have lost part of their tRNA genes. To determine whether these tRNA genes were indeed lost and whether the loss of tRNAs is universal, we re-annotated all of the available oribatid mites and sequenced the mt genome of Oribatula sakamorii. Methods: The mitogenome of O. sakamorii was sequenced with Illumina Hiseq sequencer. The mt tRNA gene annotated using multi-software combined with manual annotation approach. Phylogenetic analyses of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) were performed with both concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences.Results: Mt genomes of O. sakamorii contain 37 genes including 22 tRNA genes. We were able to identify all of the mt tRNA genes that were reported as lost in Steganacarus magnus and Paraleius leontonychus, and revealed some atypical tRNAs annotation errors in oribatid mites. Oribatid mite mt genomes are characterized by low rates of gene rearrangement, with six or seven gene blocks conserved between all of the oribatid mite species and the mt genome of ancestral arthropod. Considering only the relative order of the major genes (PCGs, rRNAs), only one gene or two genes were rearranged relative to the ancestral genome. Both CREx analysis and phylogenetic results supported the origin of the Astigmata within the Oribatida. We also explored the phylogenetic relationships among all of the available oribatid mites and the results also confirm the systematic position of Hermannia in the Crotonioidea superfamily. This is also supported by synapomorphic gene derived boundary.Conclusions: The tRNA "lost" phenomenon is not universal in oribatid mites. Instead of loss, we found that the highly atypical secondary structure of inferred mt tRNA genes makes them unidentifiable by a single type of tRNA search program. Multi-software combined with manual annotation approach can improve the accuracy of tRNA gene annotation. Besides, we determined the correct systematic position of Hermannia and supported the origin of astigmatid mites was from oribatid mites.
Development and Validation of a Simple Equation to Evaluate Dietary Protein Intake Using the Blood Urea Nitrogen/Serum Creatinine Ratio in Patients With Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Chen Zujiao , Li Jing , Li Zhen , Xie Jianteng , Wang Duan , Li Sheng , Zhang Yifan , Liang Tiantian , Qiu Xueqian , Qi Chunfang , Li Qiuling , Lin Shaochun , Zhang Shaogui , Wang Wenjian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A simple, effective and convenient method to assess dietary protein intake (DPI) for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is urgently needed in clinical practice. We developed a simple equation to evaluate DPI in patients with stage 3 CKD with the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/serum creatinine (SCr) ratio (BUN/SCr).Methods: In a prospective cohort of 136 inpatients with stage 3 CKD from 2 centres, we developed estimation equations based on BUN/SCr and the spot urinary urea nitrogen (UUN)/urinary creatinine (UCr) ratio (UUN/UCr) in combination with sex and body mass index (BMI). These equations were then internally and externally validated.Results: The following candidate parameters were derived from univariate regression analysis for 5 established models: sex, BMI, BUN/SCr, UUN and UUN/UCr. Sex and BMI were included in all models after variable evaluation using multiple regression analysis. UUN, UUN/UCr and BUN/SCr were included in model 3, model 4 and model 5, respectively. Both internal validation and external validation indicated that model 5 resulted in the lowest values of bias and root mean square error and the highest P30 compared with model 3 and model 4. Therefore, the model 5 equation, DPI= -5.18 (-14.49 if the patient is female) +1.89×BMI+1.38×BUN/SCr, was selected because of the higher correlation [r = 0.498 (95% confidence interval 0.163,0.719)] and the smaller distribution of the difference between the predicted and measured protein intakes than those of the other models.Conclusion: The DPI equation developed using BUN/SCr, sex and BMI may be used to estimate protein intake for patients with stage 3 CKD.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (ChiCTR-ROC-17011363). Registered in 11 May 2017, Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Comparison of Minimally Invasive Reduction Combined With Medial and External Fixation in the Treatment of Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: jianchuan wang , jibin Liu , zongpu wang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundComparison of percutaneous minimally invasive replacement joint inside external fixation technique and tarsal sinus approach to treat Sanders Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical effect of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.MethodsThe clinical data of 64 cases of calcaneal fracture admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into the percutaneous minimally invasive reduction and internal and external fixation group (30 cases) and the tarsal sinus approach (34 cases).Comparison of two groups of patients with operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay, postoperative complications and radiographic evaluation including heel bone length,width,height,Bohler Angle,Angle of Gissane,calcaneal varus Angle,clinical efficacy evaluation including the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS),the visual analogue score for pain(VAS) score,health survey profiles (SF - 36) score and score Maryland ankle function.ResultsPatients in both groups were followed up for 12 to 50 months,an average of 24.8 months.All fractures obtained bone union.The waiting time,hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss and incision complications in the percutaneous minimally invasive medial and external fixation group were lower than those in the tarsal sinus group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).At the last follow-up,the length,width,height,Angle of Bohler,Angle of Gissane,and Angle of calcaneal varus were significantly increased in both groups (P<0.01),the calcaneal width was significantly lower than that before surgery (P<0.01),and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Clinical efficacy evaluation The AOFAS,VAS,SF-36 and Maryland scores were (85.28±8.21),(0.84±1.21),(82.95±3.25) and (83.56±3.32) at the last follow-up in the percutaneous minimally invasive medial and external fixation group.The AOFAS, VAS, SF-36 and Maryland scores of the tarsal sinus group were (83.32 ± 7.69),(1.85 ± 1.32),(80.71 ± 5.42),(81.85 ± 2.41) points,and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionUnder the condition of having a good command of surgical indications and surgical skills,the use of calcaneoplastic forceps for percutaneous minimally invasive reduction combined with medial and external fixation for treatment of intra-articular calcaneoplasty fractures can achieve similar clinical effects as the tarsal sinus approach.However,the use of calcaneoplastic forceps for percutaneous minimally invasive reduction combined with internal and external fixation has advantages such as fewer complications, less blood loss,and shorter operation time,etc,which is of good safety and worthy of clinical promotion.
β-Ecdysterone Prevents LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Regulating NF-κB Pathway in Vitro
Authors: Li Yuling , Zhang Jing , Yan Caiping , Chen Qian , Xiang Chao , Zhang Qingyan , Wang Xingkuan , jiang ke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacteria product, plays an important role in orthopedic diseases. Drugs that inhibit LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis are urgently needed for the prevention of bone destruction.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the effect of β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd), a major component of Chinese herbal medicines derived from the root of Achyranthes bidentata BI on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and explored the mechanism underlying the effects of β-Ecd on this.ResultsWe showed that β-Ecd inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells. The inhibition occurred through suppressing the production of osteoclast activating TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2 and COX-2, which led to down-regulating expression of osteoclast-related genes including RANK, TRAF6, MMP-9, CK and CAⅡ. Besides, β-Ecd treatment can inhibit LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway decreased the formation of osteoclasts and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines which LPS-induced. Collectively, β-Ecd can prevent LPS-induced osteoclast formation in vitro by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusions﻿These findings provide evidences that β-Ecd might be beneficial as a valuable choice for the prevention and treatment of bacteria-induced bone destruction disease, and give new insights for understanding its possible mechanism.
Total Hip Arthroplasty Through the Direct Anterior Approach With and Without the Use of a Traction Table; a Matched-control, Retrospective, Single Surgeon Study
Authors: WERNLY DIANE , Wegrzyn Julien , Lallemand Geoffroi , Mahlouly Jaad , Tissot Christophe , Antoniadis Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHip surgeons performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) through the direct anterior approach (DAA) commonly use a traction table to facilitate exposure. Even though performing THA through DAA without traction table could be technically more demanding, this technique offers the advantage of intraoperative leg length comparison. Therefore, this study aimed to compare clinical outcomes, complication rates, component positioning and leg length discrepancy (LLD) after THA through the DAA performed with or without a traction table.MethodsA single-surgeon continuous series of 75 patients who underwent DAA THA performed with a traction table were matched for gender, age and BMI with 75 patients who underwent DAA THA performed without a traction table (male:62, female:88, with an average age of 68 y.o). Clinical and radiological outcomes, intra- and post-operative complications and LLD were retrospectively assessed.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was detected in surgical time, hospital stay, Harris Hip Score (HHS), complication rates, and implant positioning between the two groups. Leg length restoration was significantly more accurate in the group performed without a traction table (2.4 ± 2 mm vs. 3.7 ± 3.1 mm, respectively; p value ≤ 0.05). No LLD > 10 mm was reported in the group performed without traction table, whereas two cases (2.7 %) were reported in those performed with traction table.ConclusionPerforming THA through DAA without a traction table was associated with a significantly more accurate leg length restoration without significantly increase in the rates of intra- and post-operative complications.
Coronary Artery Spasm is Associated With an Increased Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hung Ming-Jui , Chang Nen-Chung , Hu Patrick , Chen Tien-Hsing , Mao Chun-Tai , Yeh Chi-Tai , Hung Ming-Yow 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNon-diabetic coronary artery spasm (CAS) without obstructive coronary artery disease increases insulin resistance. We investigated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (diabetes) associated with CAS.MethodsPatient records were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during the period 2000-2012. The matched cohorts consisted of 12,413 patients with CAS and 94,721 patients in the control group. ResultsDuring the entire follow-up, the incidence of newly-diagnosed diabetes was 22.2 events per 1000 person-years in the CAS group and 13.9 events per 1000 person-years in the control group. The increased risk of CAS-related incident diabetes was observed regardless of sex and length of follow-up. The median time to incident diabetes was 2.9 and 3.5 years in the CAS and the control group (P <0.001), respectively, regardless of sex. Although age did not affect the risk of CAS-related incident diabetes, the risk was less apparent in the subgroups of male, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, gout and medicated hypertension. However, CAS patients aged <50 years compared with patients ≥50 years had a greater risk of incident diabetes in females but not in males. Older CAS patients developed diabetes in a shorter length of time than younger patients.ConclusionCAS is a risk factor for incident diabetes regardless of sex. However, females aged <50 years have a more apparent risk for CAS-related diabetes than old females, which is not observed in males. The median time of 2.9 years to incident diabetes warrants close follow-up.