bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Findings in Patients with Acute Nonfatal Barbiturate Intoxication
Authors: Sunshine Irving , Hackett Earl 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. Clinical and chemical data on acutely intoxicated patients show a direct quantitative relationship of the patient's blood barbiturate levels to his clinical condition.
2. The "half-life" of phenobarbital, amobarbital, and pentobarbital was determined to aid in prognosis of an intoxicated patient with a given blood barbiturate level.
3. Urinary clearance studies showed that the clearance was directly proportional to the urine flow.
4. A patient's urine barbiturate level has no relation to his clinical condition.
Interference of Bromide in the Zak Ferric Chloride-Sulfuric Acid Cholesterol Method, and Means of Eliminating This Interference
Authors: Rice Eugene W , Lukasiewicz Dolores B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is shown that the ferric chloride-sulfuric acid color reaction for cholesterol gives erroneously high results in the presence of even traces of bromide. This bromide interference is eliminated by shaking the serum with silver iodate prior to extraction with ethanol-acetone.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Concentrations in Plasma of Humans and Rats
Authors: Gray Irving , Young James G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Weil-Malherbe and Bone method for the analysis of the plasma concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine has been modified and used to determine the plasma concentration in normal humans.
The average value for epinephrine in the plasma of men in this series was less than 0.11 µg./L.; for women it was 0.47 µg./L. The average value for norepinephrine in men was 3.4 µg./L. and in women it was 4.9 µg./L. The differences between the concentrations in men and women are significant, P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.01 for epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively.
Evidence has been presented to indicate the specificity of the method. Reproducibility and recovery data have been given.
Test-Tube Extraction Method for the Micro-Determination of Urinary 17-Ketosteroids
Authors: Kingsley G R , Getchell Gloria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid, simple, reproducible, test-tube extraction technic requiring less than 90 minutes for the micro-determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids has been presented. Experimental data indicate that the extraction technic may be applied to the Pincus, Zimmermann, or Cohen-Kaluszyner colorimetric methods.
A Simple Turbidimetric Method of Estimating Blood Urea
Authors: Lawrie Hubert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid turbid metric method has been described for estimating urea in serum, plasma, or protein-free filtrate. The method uses a xanthydrol reagent and 50% acetic acid, and measurement of the degree of turbidity produced in 15 minutes in a colorimeter using a red filter. Blood urea values of 100 mg. per 100 ml. and over are indicated, clearly, in less than 1 minute.
Studies with a New Colorimetric Test for Proteinuria
Authors: Free Alfred H , Rupe Chauncey O , Mefzler Ingrid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A color reaction of protein has been formulated into two simple colorimetric tests for protein in urine; one is a tablet test, consisting of a salicylate buffer and bromphenol blue, and the other is a strip test, consisting of a paper strip impregnated with a citrate buffer and tetrabromphenol blue. The basic principle in both tests is that of "protein error of indicators." Experiments with approximately 5000 urines, taken from both hospital patients and normal subjects, reveal that these tests are simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive, specific, and capable of being used with turbid urines.
Determination of Hydroxyproline in Liver
Authors: Fels I Gordon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure has been described which eliminates the interference due to tyrosine in Neuman and Logan determination of hydroxyproline. This makes possible the quantitative estimation of the latter in noncollagenous tissues, without the necessity of correcting for the tyrosine content.
The hydroxyproline content of normal rat livers has been found to be 1.26 ± 0.13 mg. hydroxyproline per gram of dry, defatted liver.
Studies in Dysproteinemia
Authors: Sternberg Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. Among the abnormal constituents of serum proteins, the protein spectrum shows a split ?-fraction in instances where a certain metabolic disturbance in the lipoprotein molecule is suspected. The split ? phenomenon might be of interest in the interpretation of lipoprotein disturbances in cases with a normal lipid level.
2. The protein-bound carbohydrates might be different in plasma quantitatively as well as qualitatively. A high polysaccharide content has been observed in the albumin fraction of an infant with failure to thrive. This anomaly disappeared with the clinical improvement of the patient.
3. The carbohydrate content of the ?-fraction might be increased in cirrhosis or in rheumatic diseases, but the highest ? protein-bound carbohydrate was found in a myeloma paraprotein. The paraprotein was isolated and it has been found to be chemically and immunologically different from the ?-globulin, whose immature form it might represent. The paraprotein is responsible for the increase in the ESR, at least in myeloma.
An Enzymatic Method for Glucose Determination in Body Fluids
Authors: Beach Eliot F , Turner James J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. Details are given for the qualitative detection of glucose in urine and for its quantitative determination in urine and blood filtrates by an enzymatic procedure.
2. The method, which is highly specific, is based upon the release of hydrogen peroxide from glucose during its oxidation by glucose oxidase. The peroxide is detected by a suitable indicator in the presence of horseradish root peroxidase.
3. The results yielded by the new procedures have been compared with those obtained by other accepted methods.
The Determination of Catechol Amines in Blood
Authors: Keenan Mary P , Kleitsch William P , Humoller Fred L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
(1)The effect of light on the fluorescence of the ethylene diamine condensation products of the oxidized catechol amines has been studied.
(2)It was found that exposure of the norepinephrine derivative for 30 minutes to light reduced the fluorescence to a very low level. The epinephrine complex, on the other hand, is only slightly affected by the same exposure.
(3)On the basis of this differential sensitivity to light a sensitive method for the quantitative determination of the two catechol amines in blood has been developed.
(4)The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood of normal individuals were found to range from 0.1-1.5 µg per liter and 0.3-4.0 µg per liter, respectively.
(5)Further work must be done before this method can be applied to the determination of the catechol amines in urine.
Quantitative Determination of Tryptophan Metabolites (via Kynurenine) in Biologic Fluids
Authors: Coppini D , Benassi C A , Montorsi M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the quantitative determination of eight tryptophan (via kynurenine) metabolites is described. The following compounds can be determined even when present in the same sample of urine, blood or spinal fluid: kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, Nα-acetylkynurenine, anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids, 8-methyl ether of the xanthurenic acid.
The compounds are separated by means of two-dimensional chromatography. Spots of kynurenic acid, Nα-acetylkynurenine and xanthurenic acid 8-methyl ether are eluted with ethanol and the absorbancies are read in the ultraviolet.
An acetic solution of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde serves as eluent and chromogenic reagent for the spots of kynurenine and anthranilic acid.
Spots corresponding to 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids are eluted with water and determined by means of the color developed with a diazo reagent.
Kynurenic and xanthurenic acids can also be determined conveniently by means of a spectrophotofluorometric procedure.
The reproducibility of the results is satisfactory over a large range, and very good for amounts of 1 to 5 µg.
A Discontinuous Buffer System for Paper Electrophoresis of Human Hemoglobins
Authors: Goldberg C A J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for paper electrophoresis of hemoglobins in a discontinuous buffer system is presented. Tris-EDTA- borate buffer 0.12M., pH 9.1, is applied to the paper. Barbital buffer 0.06 M., pH 8.6, is used in the buffer vessels.
The discontinuous buffer system enables the detection of hemoglobin A2 in small samples of hemolysate. Resolution of abnormal hemoglobins is superior to that in barbital or Tris-EDTA-borate buffer alone. It offers special advantage for the examination of aged samples of hemoglobin.
Reasons for the behavior of the hemoglobins in this buffer system are discussed.
Elimination of Interfering Chromogens in the Zimmerman Reaction for Measuring 17-Ketosteroids
Authors: Ware Arnold G , Demetriou James A , Notrica Solomon , Searcy Ronald , Walberg Clifford , Cox Fred 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple extraction technic is described for separating interfering chromogens from the 17-KS complex formed when the Zimmerman reaction is applied to urinary extracts. The procedure is performed immediately after the Zimmerman reaction is completed. It allows quantitation of the steroid present in a filter photometer at one wave length. Results compare favorably with those obtained after dilution of the Zimmerman complex with 70% aqueous ethanol and application of Allen's correction.
X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Natelson Samuel , Richelson Morton R , Sheid Bertram , Bender Stephen L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A practical procedure is described for the analysis of ultramicro quantities of serum for calcium and potassium using the x-ray spectrometer. The serum is applied and dried in a confined spot on filter paper. The sample is then exposed to the x-ray field. The Kα lines of these elements are isolated and their intensity measured, with a flow proportional counter in a helium atmosphere.
Reproducibility is of the order of ±5% (2σ) for these elements, with an approximately one-minute counting time. The results compare favorably with those obtained with the flame photometer for potassium and the Clark-Collip method for calcium. The x-ray method for calcium is more rapid and simpler than methods generally used in the clinical laboratory. The flame photometer is faster at present, but the instrument is readily automated by placing the serum sample in confined spots on tape. In this form it will probably find routine use for the electrolytes and other elements in the near future.
Studies of Blood Lipid Fractions of Quiescent Rheumatic Fever Patients and Their Siblings
Authors: Appleton Harold D , Coburn Alvin F , Meltzer Yale L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Three phospholipid fractions have been determined in plasmas of quiescent rheumatic children and their siblings of similar ages.
The method for determining blood lecithin gave reproducible results, and the lipid fraction appeared indicative of difference in levels of blood lipids between rheumatic and nonrheumatic children.
In this series of lecithin determinations only one rheumatic subject had a high normal level and only one sibling (presumably nonrheumatic) had a low level.
The difference in mean nonfasting lecithin plasma levels between rheumatic subjects and siblings was 0.36 mMol./L. Similarly, the lecithin level of each of the nonrheumatic siblings in this series averaged 0.41 mMol./L. higher than that of the corresponding quiescent rheumatic child. In both of these differences P &lt;0.05.
Studies of the Uroporphyrins
Authors: Watson C J , Berg M H , Hawkinson V E , Bossenmaier Irene 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. Seventeen cases of hepatic porphyria have been studied with respect to variations in isomer composition of the urinary Waldenström uroporphyrin complex.
2. Comparison was made of the effect of various isolation procedures on the isomer composition of the uroporphyrin complex, with special reference to the effect of preliminary heating of the urine.
3. Methods not employing heat, including the ethyl acetate extraction procedure of Waldenström, the talc adsorption of Grinstein et al., and a number of modifications, usually yielded relatively small amounts of a uroporphyrin complex, preponderantly Type I isomer. In two instances, however, the complex contained 60-70 per cent Type III. When separable on calcium carbonate, the Type III component was again shown to consist in the main of a 7-COOH porphyrin. Preheating of the urine regularly produced much larger amounts of a Waldenström type porphyrin, and larger proportions of Type III isomer in the complex.
4. The Waldenström porphyrin isolated following conversion of naturally occurring porphyrinogen, by irradiation with ultraviolet light, usually contained a marked preponderance of uroporphyrin I. In certain instances, however, the porphyrinogen was entirely that of the "208" Type III porphyrin.
5. While the large amount of Type III porphyrin found after heating the urine undoubtedly represents nonenzymatic conversion of porphobilinogen, the smaller amount of Type I isomer usually present in major proportion in the preformed uroporphyrin complex or its porphyrinogen may have intrinsic metabolic significance. In exceptional cases of acute porphyria, the uroporphyrin of the unheated urine is preponderantly the Type III isomer.
Observations Concerning Pentosuria and Labile Phosphate Excretion in Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Abel Francis L , Routh J I , Shepherd James A , Utterback R A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Early attempts to confirm the presence of pentose in urine from dystrophic patients by paper chromatography were unsuccessful. We were unable to confirm these observations, employing the same methods used in the original publication. An attempt to isolate pentosazone from the urine of dystrophic patients yielded 1-phenylsemicarbazide. No significant excretion of labile organic phosphate was found in urine from either vitamin E-deficient rabbits or cholinedeficient rabbits.
Column chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of pentosazones from hexosazones, and for the purification of osazones in lieu of recrystallization. Two solvent systems are described that will separate osazones from 1-phenylsemicarbazide, using ascending paper chromatography, but that do not separate osazone mixtures.
Using these latter methods, it was found that pentoses were excreted in both muscular dystrophy and normal urines. Evidence is presented that explains the widely divergent results obtained by others in attempting to confirm Minot's work using the osazone test.
Improved Method for the Determination of Hemoglobin A2 by Starch-Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: J. Goldberg C A , Ross A C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It has been shown that variations in the preparation of the starch gel and in photographic interpretation can significantly affect the accuracy of the measurement of hemoglobin A2.
An improved method for the determination of hemoglobin A2 by starch-gel electrophoresis has been presented which affords greater accuracy than was previously achieved.
Hemoglobin A2 concentrations for healthy persons and patients with sickle cell trait, various nonthalassemic anemias, and thalassemia trait have been presented.
Use of a New Assay in a Study of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in 2000 Hospital Patients
Authors: Babson Arthur L , Read Prunella A , Phillips George E , Luddecke Hugh F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Serum alkaline phosphatase determinations performed with a commercially available tablet procedure for rapid semiquantitative assay gave results that were found to be reliable and in agreement with quantitative assays performed by the Bodansky procedure.
In a study of the sera of 2000 hospital patients, more than 70 per cent of all the assays requested yielded normal values. Since precise determinations in the normal range are generally not required for clinical interpretation, routine use of the semiquantitative test for preliminary screening would have eliminated this percentage of the tedious quantitative assays.
Determination of Intracellular Magnesium by an Automatic Titration Procedure
Authors: Sones Donald A , McGuckin Warren F , Wakim Khalil G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Our experiences with the automatic titration method of quantitating serum calcium and magnesium are presented. In addition, modifications of the original procedure to allow determination of intraerythrocyte concentrations of magnesium are described.
It appears that adoption of a separate magnesium standard in addition to the calcium standard, plus certain other minor modifications designed to minimize the variables inherent in the procedure, provides a significant increase in accuracy and reproducibility of results.
Values for intraerythrocyte magnesium concentration in 9 normal dogs were found to range from 4.69 to 5.77 mg./100 ml. Values for 4 dogs that received long-term administration of chlorothiazide also fell within this normal range.
Nicotinic Acid Assay in Blood and Urine
Authors: Baker Herman , Frank Oscar , Pasher Inez , Hutner S H , Sobotka Harry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Measurement of nicotinic acid activity of blood, serum, and urine by means of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis is described. Blood and urine have high activity; serum has little. Narrow specificity and high sensitivity recommend the assay for clinical use.
Vitamin B12, in Human Blood and Serum
Authors: Baker Herman , Frank Oscar , Pasher Inez , Sobotka Harry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A comparison of microbiologic assays for vitamin B12 in whole blood or serum was carried out with four B12-requiring microorganisms, Escherichia coli 113-3, Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC No. 7839, Euglena gracilis, strain Z, and Ochromonas malhamensis. B12 values in whole blood and serum for normal subjects are given. The value of microbiologic assays is discussed.
Plasma and Red Cell Cholesterol
Authors: Fels Gordon , Kanabrocki Eugene , Kaplan Ervin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The experimental production of hypercholesteremia in rabbits by three independent methods—namely, high-fat feeding, cortisone injection, and Tween-80 injection—results in an elevated plasma total cholesterol, whereas the total RBC cholesterol remains constant. Previous work on plasma and red cell cholesterol in humans has been substantiated. Normal total plasma and red cell cholesterol values are 187 ± 32 and 129 ± 20 mg.%, respectively.
Elevated plasma total cholesterol occurring in coronary arteriosclerosis, diabetes, nephritis, hypothyroid, Hodgkin's disease, and obesity does not affect the erythrocyte levels. Elevated erythrocyte total cholesterol levels occur in sickle cell and pernicious anemia accompanied by slightly sub-normal plasma levels. A hypothesis is advanced to explain the variability of plasma cholesterol and the relative constancy of red cell cholesterol.
Method for the Estimation of Phenothiazine Derivatives in Urine and Blood
Authors: Hetzel Charles A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid sensitive method for the estimation of phenothiazine type drugs and their metabolites with an intact thiazine ring in biological fluids is presented. The method is based on the calorimetric determination of the yellow nitration products of these compounds formed after their alkaline ether extraction.
Serum β-Glucuronidase Assay by the Phenolphthalein Mono-β-Glucuronide Method
Authors: Goldstein Gilbert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the phenolphthalein mono-β-glucuronide method for β-glucuronidase assay, diminished enzyme levels have been observed when trichloroacetic acid or heat coagulation are used for deproteinization, but not when acetone is used for this purpose. Data are presented to show the effect of these reagents when blood serum is used as a source of enzyme.
The optimum pH of serum β-glucuronidase was found to be 4.1-4.2 in acetate buffer at 37°, and the assay is performed most conveniently without protein removal.
Some Biochemical Studies in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Wagreich Harry , Lasky Mortimer A , Elkan Bruno 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sixty patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa were screened by routine clinical laboratory blood determinations. No unusual data were obtained. There was a tendency for the alpha-1 and gamma globulins levels to be high-normal.
Biochemical screening of this type is shown to be nonrevealing for this condition. It is, therefore, desirable to look elsewhere for the cause (or causes) of this condition.
Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments
Authors: Henry Richard J , Jacobs S L , Berkman Sam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several preparations of urobilin and stercobilin were investigated with regard to their value as standards for the determination of urobilinogen and urobilin in biologic specimens. Products of commercial origin were found to be impure and therefore unsuitable for this purpose. Absorptivities were measured for solutions of the pigments in 3% HCI in methanol and for the chromogens, obtained by ferrous hydroxide reduction, in the "quantitative" and "semiquantitative" methods for urobilinogen. Ascorbic acid was shown to be effective as a protective agent in filtrates from reduction mixtures.
Spectra of urobilinogen-aldehyde, phenolsulfonphthalein, Pontacyl dye mixture and phenolphthalein were compared. Phenolsulfonphthalein is recommended as the artificial standard of choice. The independence of this procedure from instrumental considerations, within limits, is demonstrated with the use of this dye.
Automatic Titration with Direct Read-out of Chloride Concentration
Authors: Cotlove Ernest , Nishi Hiroshi H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Direct read-out of chloride concentration is provided by an auxiliary designed for use with the automatic coulometric-amperometric titrator of Cotlove et al. (1). The circuitry, construction, and operation of the auxiliary are described. Automatic titration of samples of biologic fluids such as serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, sweat, and gastrointestinal fluids requires no prior preparation and the usual titration is completed within 1 min. The chloride concentration of the sample appears on a digital register directly in milliequivalents per liter. In routine use by various technologists in a clinical chemistry laboratory, the auxiliary-titrator combination has proved to be simple to operate and consistently accurate. The procedure requires only 0.1 ml. of solutions containing 10-400 mEq./L. of chloride (or 1 ml. of solutions with lower concentrations down to 1 mEq./L.). Optimal accuracy with a 0.1-ml. sample was in the concentration range above 40 mEq./L., in which the coefficient of variation was about ± 0.5 per cent.
pH Standard for Blood and Other Physiologic Media
Authors: Bower Vincent E , Paabo Maya , Bates Roger G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new National Bureau of Standards pH standard, intended to facilitate measurements of the pH of blood and other physiologic media in the range 7-8, is announced. The new buffer solution is composed of KH2PO4 (0.008695 molal) and Na2HPO4 (0.03043 molal). The standard pH values (pH8) of this solution from 0 to 50° are listed.