bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles transmit epithelial growth factor activity in the intestinal stem cell niche
Authors: Oszvald Ádám , Szvicsek Zsuzsanna , Sándor Gyöngyvér Orsolya , Kelemen Andrea , Soós András Áron , Pálóczi Krisztina , Bursics Attila , Dede Kristóf , Tölgyes Tamás , Buzás Edit I. , Zeöld Anikó , Wiener Zoltán 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-surrounded vesicles that represent a novel way of intercellular communication by carrying biologically important molecules in a concentrated and protected form. The intestinal epithelium is continuously renewed by a small proliferating intestinal stem cell (ISC) population, residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypts in a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche. By using 3D mouse and human intestinal organoids, we show that intestinal fibroblast-derived EVs are involved in forming the ISC niche by transmitting Wnt and epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity. With a mouse model that expresses EGFP in the Lgr5+ ISCs, we prove that loss in ISC number in the absence of EGF is prevented by fibroblast-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intestinal fibroblast-derived EVs carry EGF family members, such as amphiregulin. Mechanistically, blocking EV-bound amphiregulin inhibited the EV-induced survival of organoids. In contrast, EVs have no role in transporting R-Spondin, a critical niche factor amplifying Wnt signaling. Collectively, we prove the important role of fibroblast-derived EVs as a novel transmission mechanism of factors in the normal ISC niche.
The Release of Cosmic Cows
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree thousand years of India’s Sanskrit—and later Hindi—literature reveal persistent themes and motifs with respect to cows and the humans who engage with cows. From the Rigvedic hymns and the Upanishads, to the Bhagavata Purana and later bhakti poetry, emerge two polarities—one of value (between dharma and bhakti sensibilities) and the other of meaning (between literal and figurative senses of language). These two polarities converge in the Sanskrit term artha, which indicates both value and meaning. Thus cows as living beings and “cow” as a concept converge as a central locus of thought and action that strives for ethical integrity in all aspects of human life.
Surveying the Cow Care Field
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines current cow care practices in India, providing an overview of issues that concern persons—in particular persons who identify more or less as Hindus—who are directly or indirectly engaged with cow care. By the expression “cow care” is meant, minimally, intentional arrangements for bovines to be protected for the duration of their natural lives. What makes this practice different, or similar, to practices of agribusiness dairy farming or ranching? What are the special challenges of Hindu cow care, what are its rewards, and what claims do cow carers make about the benefits of cows maintained for their entire natural lives? Some specific cow care projects show a cross section of mainly Vaishnava Hindu practice, especially in northern and western India.
Concluding Ruminations
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeeing a utopia/dystopia binary emerging from the previous chapters, here the author discusses the Hindu notion of progressive cultural and environmental degradation characterizing the present age, kali-yuga. Does human nature’s apparent refusal to change condemn us and the planet to ever further degradation? Hinduism’s bhakti tradition shows a transformative process by which destructive habits—not least our dietary habits—can be reformed in a joyful way, by care-full, wise practices that affirm positive relationality with divinity. Such practices recover the aesthetic sense of wonder (adbhuta-rasa) essential to environmental care (including animals) and lead to the realization of Vraja-Vrindavan, as the realm of right and good interaction between humans and nonhuman animals.
Online-Abonnement-Vermarktung
Authors: Descloux Romain , Rumo Etienne 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Online-Abonnement(Abo)-Vermarktung für Konsumgüter gilt als lukrativer Nischenmarkt im E-Commerce. Obwohl etablierte Firmen sowie Start-ups neue Konzepte erarbeiten, bleibt der Erfolg von Unternehmen eine Unbekannte. Davon ausgehend wurden im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags die Schlüsselfaktoren des kuratierten Online-Abo-Marktes untersucht, die den Erfolg fördern. Bisher wurden keine branchenspezifischen Analysen durchgeführt, welche sich auf den Marketingmix im Online-Abo-Bereich beziehen. Aufgrund der identifizierten Lücken wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Unternehmen anhand des Marketingmix-Ansatzes eine erfolgreiche Online-Abo-Vermarktung für Konsumgüter gestalten können. Im Mittelpunkt steht daher der kuratierte Online-Abomarkt. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages werden die Themen „Subscription economy“ und der Marketingmix behandelt. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages folgt eine qualitative Bestandsaufnahme von vier untersuchten Fallstudien. Anhand einer Cross-Case-Untersuchung mit Bezug auf prozentuale Umsatz- und Abonnentenentwicklungen werden Schlüsselfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Abo-Vermarktung herauskristallisiert. Die Kombination von konzeptioneller und empirischer Analyse erlaubt es, wichtige Schlüsselfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Online-Abo-Vermarktung aufzuzeigen, welche auch für andere Online-Abo-Anbieter relevant sein dürften.
Digitale Transformation und Human Resource Management
Authors: Schellinger Jochen , Goedermans Marlies , Kolb Lars Patrick , Sebai Yassin 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie voranschreitende digitale Transformation elementarer Unternehmensprozesse schließt auch die betrieblichen Querschnittsfunktionen mit ein. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für das Human Resource Management von Unternehmen, das sowohl als Objekt als auch als ein Treiber dieser digitalen Veränderungen in Erscheinung treten kann. Strategisch relevante Veränderungen wie Cloud Computing, Big Data und Social Media Management sowie Mobility-Trends wirken sich mittelbar und unmittelbar auch auf die Gestaltungsbereiche betrieblicher Personalarbeit aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der Frage nach der Relevanz und Konsequenz der Digitalisierung für das Personalmanagement in Schweizer Großunternehmen auseinander. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Vorstellung der Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Befragung von sechzehn HR-Managern führender Schweizer Großunternehmen aus verschiedensten Wirtschaftsbereichen und eines weltweit marktführenden eHR-Softwareanbieters. Grundlage hierfür war die Entwicklung eines Reifegradmodells, das versucht, die Digitalisierung anhand von acht Dimensionen des digitalen Wandels abgestuft zu spezifizieren. Die Schweizerische Unternehmenslandschaft scheint sich aufgrund der Erkenntnisse der Befragung in Bezug auf die Digitalisierung noch in einer Aufbauphase zu bewegen. Dies gilt auch hinsichtlich des Umsetzungsstands von Digital HRM-Ansätzen in den Unternehmen. Die Personalbereiche können und dürfen sich dem Digitalisierungstrend aber nicht verschließen und sollten künftig eine noch aktivere Rolle bei der Umsetzung von Digitalisierungsstrategien spielen.
Antihypertensive agents: a long way to safe drug prescribing in children
Authors: Siddiqi Nida , Shatat Ibrahim F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently updated clinical guidelines have highlighted the gaps in our understanding and management of pediatric hypertension. With increased recognition and diagnosis of pediatric hypertension, the use of antihypertensive agents is also likely to increase. Drug selection to treat hypertension in the pediatric patient population remains challenging. This is primarily due to a lack of large, well-designed pediatric safety and efficacy trials, limited understanding of pharmacokinetics in children, and unknown risk of prolonged exposure to antihypertensive therapies. With newer legislation providing financial incentives for conducting clinical trials in children, along with publication of pediatric-focused guidelines, literature available for antihypertensive agents in pediatrics has increased over the last 20 years. The objective of this article is to review the literature for safety and efficacy of commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents in pediatrics. Thus far, the most data to support use in children was found for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and calcium channel blockers (CCB). Several gaps were noted in the literature, particularly for beta blockers, vasodilators, and the long-term safety profile of antihypertensive agents in children. Further clinical trials are needed to guide safe and effective prescribing in the pediatric population.
Moral Consistency Reasoning Reconsidered
Authors: Paulo Norbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany contemporary ethicists use case-based reasoning to reach consistent beliefs about ethical matters. The idea is that particular cases elicit moral intuitions, which provide defeasible reasons to believe in their content. However, most proponents of case-based moral reasoning are not very explicit about how they resolve inconsistencies and how they abstract principles from judgments about particular cases. The aim of this article is to outline a methodology—called Consistency Reasoning Casuistry—for case-based reasoning in ethics. This methodology draws on Richmond Campbell and Victor Kumar’s naturalistic model for the resolution of inconsistencies between the content of intuitions about particular cases. I argue that reasons similar to those that motivate their model also support a more abstract form of moral reasoning that goes beyond mere resolutions of inconsistencies between case judgments and demands the formulation of more abstract moral norms. Consistency Reasoning Casuistry, it is argued, is a good candidate for a methodology for case-based moral reasoning that is in harmony with paradigms of contemporary moral psychology and that can accommodate the methodology implicit in the work of many contemporary ethicists.
Genetic variability of Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. (Poaceae) at the non-native range limit
Authors: Drapikowska Maria , Buczkowska Katarzyna , Celka Zbigniew , Szkudlarz Piotr , Jackowiak Bogdan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthoxanthum aristatumBoiss. is native to southern and western Europe and North Africa. In Central Europe this species is recognized as invasive. Its ability to colonize various habitats may result from a high level of polymorphic isozyme loci and high morphological variability. The aim of this study was to recognize the degree of genetic diversity of the studied invasive species at its non-native range limit using molecular markers. The examined plant material consisted of 70 samples collected from 7 populations originating from various habitats: arable fields, recently abandoned field and sandy grassland. Ninety-six the Directed Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA loci and 82 Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism loci were detected. The genetic diversity at the species level was high. The majority of genetic variation was present within populations (68% and 66%), while the remaining molecular variation was distributed among populations within and among habitat types. Specimens originating from sandy grassland populations were grouped together in one cluster that was genetically distinct from the arable field and fallow populations. The high genetic diversity populations at theA. aristatumnon-native range limit in Central Europe and their marked diversity in arable field and sandy grassland habitats suggest that this species may systematically cross both geographical and ecological barriers.
Synthesis and thermal characterization of luminescent hybrid composites based on bisphenol A diacrylate and NVP
Authors: Łyszczek Renata , Podkościelna Beata , Lipke Agnieszka , Ostasz Agnieszka , Puszka Andrzej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of luminescent hybrid composites based on bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA-Acr) as a cross-linking monomer and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as an active diluent, in the presence of UV initiator (Irgacure 651), are presented. Eu(III) and Tb(III) carboxylate complexes were added as luminescent components of composites. In their preparation, a constant concentration of the initiator (1%) and the BPA-Acr to NVP (10:3) ratio were applied. The structures of the obtained materials were confirmed by the infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR). Thermal properties of the cross-linked products were determined by different thermal analysis methods in air and nitrogen (TG–DTG–DSC and TG–FTIR). Thermal stability, pathways of thermal decomposition and volatile products of degradation were determined. Photoluminescence properties of the lanthanide complexes and the obtained composites were established. These materials can have the potential application as coatings filtering harmful UV radiation.
Perinatal risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Wang Ting-Ting , Zhou Ming , Hu Xue-Feng , Liu Jiang-Qin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a life-threatening respiratory complication of extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs). However, the risk factors for PH are controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the perinatal risk factors and short-term outcomes of PH in ELBWIs.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of live born infants who had birth weights that were less than 1000 g, lived for at least 12 hours, and did not have major congenital anomalies. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the risk factors associated with PH.

Results
There were 168 ELBWIs born during this period. A total of 160 infants were included, and 30 infants were diagnosed with PH. Risk factors including gestational age, small for gestational age, intubation in the delivery room, surfactant in the delivery room, repeated use of surfactant, higher FiO2 during the first day, invasive ventilation during the first day and early onset sepsis (EOS) were associated with the occurrence of PH by univariate analysis. In the logistic regression model, EOS was found to be an independent risk factor for PH. The mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage rate of the group of ELBWIs with PH were significantly higher than those of the group of ELBWIs without PH. The rates of periventricular leukomalacia, moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe retinopathy of prematurity, and the duration of the hospital stay were not significantly different between the PH and no-PH groups.

Conclusions
Although PH did not extend hospital stay or increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, it increased the mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage rate in ELBWIs. EOS was the independent risk factor for PH in ELBWIs.
The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Authors: Sawchuk Elizabeth A. , Pfeiffer Susan , Klehm Carla E. , Cameron Michelle E. , Hill Austin C. , Janzen Anneke , Grillo Katherine M. , Hildebrand Elisabeth A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarly herders in eastern Africa built elaborate megalithic cemeteries ~ 5000 BP overlooking what is now Lake Turkana in northwestern Kenya. At least six ‘pillar sites’ were constructed during a time of rapid change: cattle, sheep, and goats were introduced to the basin as the lake was shrinking at the end of the African Humid Period. Cultural changes at this time include new lithic and ceramic technologies and the earliest monumentality in eastern Africa. Isolated human remains previously excavated from pillar sites east of Lake Turkana seemed to indicate that pillar site platforms were ossuaries for secondary burials. Recent bioarchaeological excavations at four pillar sites west of the lake have now yielded ≥49 individuals, most from primary and some from secondary interments, challenging earlier interpretations. Here we describe the mortuary cavities, and burial contexts, and included items such as adornments from Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya, and Kalokol pillar sites. In doing so, we reassess previous hypotheses regarding pillar site construction, use, and inter-site variability. We also present the first osteological analyses of skeletons buried at these sites. Although the human remains are fragmentary, they are nevertheless informative about the sex, age, and body size of the deceased and give evidence for health and disease processes. Periosteal moulds of long bone midshafts (n = 34 elements) suggest patterns of terrestrial mobility. Pillar site deposits provide important new insights into early herder lifeways in eastern Africa and the impact of the transition to pastoralism on past human populations.
Effect of the catalytic system and operating conditions on BTX formation using tetralin as a model molecule
Authors: Laredo Georgina C. , Pérez-Romo Patricia , Vega-Merino Pedro M. , Arzate-Barbosa Elva , García-López Alfonso , Agueda-Rangel Ricardo , Martínez-Moreno Victor H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Light cycle oil (LCO) is an inexpensive feedstock for the production of high-added-commercial-value-mono-aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX). To extend the knowledge on the processing of LCO for BTX production, the hydrocracking reaction was studied using a commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, ZSM-5 zeolite and their mechanical mixtures (20/80, 30/70 and 50/50) for processing tetralin as model feedstock in a bench-scale-trickle-bed reactor at 450–500 °C, 3.9–5.9 MPa, 1.3 1/h and H2/feed volume ratio of 168–267 m3/m3. Accessible, well-dispersed and strong Brönsted acid sites eased the hydrocracking of tetralin to BTX and the metallic hydrogenation functions from nickel–molybdenum catalysts were also required to minimize deactivation. To achieve suitable tetralin conversions (86–95 wt%), high BTX selectivity in the liquid phase (44–70 wt%) and suitable catalytic activities for coke precursor hydrogenation (to reduce deactivation), NiMo/Al2O3//ZSM-5 mixtures (50–80 ZSM-5) were employed, which probed to be effective.
Different Residues Affect Wheat Nutritional Composition
Authors: Hirzel Juan , Undurraga Pablo , León Lorenzo , Panichini Marcelo , Carrasco Jorge , González Jorge , Matus Iván 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conservation agriculture using crop rotation benefits the environment, soil fertility, and crop production. A biannual rotation experiment during a period of 2 years was conducted in volcanic soil in south-central Chile in a production system under conservation agriculture. The experiment considered two previous crops, canola (Brassica napus L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of generated residue). Grain yield (0.41 Mg ha−1), grain sedimentation value (5.5%), grain K (0.031%) and Ca (0.006%) concentrations, and residue K concentration (0.159%) were higher when the previous crop was bean. The Ca concentration (0.037%) in wheat residue increased after the canola crop. The different applied residue levels of the previous crop had no effect on any of the evaluated parameters in wheat. There was a very consistent negative correlation between the grain S concentration and the residue P (− 0.55), K (− 0.55), Mg (− 0.61), and S (− 0.63) concentrations in wheat when it was cultivated after bean. A larger number of study cycles are required to obtain more consistent results about the effect of the different residue levels on these two biannual rotations.
MATERIAL TURNS IN BRITISH HISTORY: II. CORRUPTION: IMPERIAL POWER, PRINCELY POLITICS AND GIFTS GONE ROGUE
Authors: Finn Margot C. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis address examines the ‘Old Corruption’ of Georgian Britain from the perspective of diplomacy and material culture in Delhi in the era of the East India Company. Its focus is the scandal that surrounded the sacking of Sir Edward Colebrooke, the Delhi Resident, during the reign of the penultimate Mughal emperor, Akbar II. Exploring the gendered, highly sexualised material politics of Company diplomacy in north India reveals narratives of agency, negotiation and commensurability that interpretations focused on liberal, Anglicist ideologies obscure. Dynastic politics were integral to both British and Indian elites in the nineteenth century. The Colebrooke scandal illuminates both the tenacity and the dynamic evolution of the family as a base of power in the context of nineteenth-century British imperialism.
MARY WILLIAMSON'S LETTER, OR, SEEING WOMEN AND SISTERS IN THE ARCHIVES OF ATLANTIC SLAVERY
Authors: Paton Diana 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT‘I was a few years back a slave on your property of Houton Tower, and as a Brown woman was fancied by a Mr Tumming unto who Mr Thomas James sold me.’ Thus begins Mary Williamson's letter, which for decades sat unexamined in an attic in Scotland until a history student became interested in her family's papers, and showed it to Diana Paton. In this article, Paton uses the letter to reflect on the history and historiography of ‘Brown’ women like Mary Williamson in Jamaica and other Atlantic slave societies. Mary Williamson's letter offers a rare perspective on the sexual encounters between white men and brown women that were pervasive in Atlantic slave societies. Yet its primary focus is on the greater importance of ties of place and family – particularly of relations between sisters – in a context in which the ‘severity’ of slavery was increasing. Mary Williamson's letter is a single and thus-far not formally archived trace in a broader archive of Atlantic slavery dominated by material left by slaveholders and government officials. Paton asks what the possibilities and limits of such a document may be for generating knowledge about the lives and experiences of those who were born into slavery.
THE POLITICS OF TIME AND STATE IDENTITY IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe communist regimes of Eastern Europe carried a particular set of assumptions about the way past, present and future related to one another. In the case of the German Democratic Republic (the GDR), these assumptions manifested themselves in official language and propaganda as a defence of the regime's dynamic and forward-looking historicity against the ‘ahistorical’ and ‘nostalgic’ modes of understanding that supposedly typified the historical consciousness of its West German adversary. By this view, the German Federal Republic – and the capitalist West more generally – lacked both a meaningful past and a meaningful future. This article investigates how the East German regime articulated its historicity as a direct expression of its state identity. In particular, it examines how it sought to rationalise newly emerging historical and cultural practices in the GDR within the framework of a modern and progressive socialist historicity, and how it deployed these as an argument against the ‘nostalgic’ practices of the Federal Republic.