bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human foetal stomach : a morphological study
Authors: Nivedita Roy , Sagnik Roy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : The morphology of human stomach is subjected to wide variations and changes during developmental stage. Congenital anomalies of stomach like hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and thoracic stomach are common in new barns. Some rare anomalies like duplication, diverticula and hypoplasia of stomach also may occur. The present study attempts to analyze the morphological changes like change in shape, height, width, length of greater and lesser curvatures, capacity and localization of stomach in the quadrants of abdomen in different age groups of human foetuses and also to look for congenital anomalies. Materials and methods: Fifty normal fresh still born foetuses of age varying from 15 to 40 weeks were dissected and morphological study was carried out. Parameters like height, width, length of greater and lesser curvature,capacity of stomach were measured and location, shape, internal appearance of stomach were noted. Results: Significant changes in shape and in location of stomach in different quadrants of the abdomen were found in different foetal age groups. Localization of stomach is seen as that in adults by 25th week of foetal age. Typical 'J' shaped stomach is seen by 28th week of foetal age. Height, width, length of greater and lesser curvatures and capacity of stomach increased with increasing foetal age. A sudden increase in width was seen at 17th week and a sudden increase in height was noted at 25th week. Well developed rugae and gastric canal were seen in inner surface of stomach by 28th week. Capacity of stomach increased from 1 ml at 15th week tom 32 ml at 40th week. Conclusion: The obsevations of the present study show that morphology and location of the stomach in different age groups show great variations. This study may help in study of development of stomach and in diagnosis of different developmental anomalies, ailments and pathology of stomach.
Gross morphology of major and minor duodenal papilla: a cadaveric study
Authors: Sulochana S. , Sasikala P. , Sivakami T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Anatomical location of the duodenal papilla is of vital importance while performing retrograde cannulation of the ampulla, trans-duodenal exploration of the common bile duct or sphincterotomy. This study was carried out to review the gross morphology of major and minor duodenal papillae in South Indians. Material and methods: One hundred specimens of duodenum and pancreas enblock, procured from cadavers and autopsy cases from Thanjavur medical college, Thanjavur, were carefully studied and the data obtained was compared with similar reports available in the literature. Results: Major duodenal papilla was present in all the specimens and was located in the II part of the duodenum in 94 specimens, at the junction of I and II part of the duodenum in five specimens and at the junction of the II & III part in one specimen. Minor papilla was absent in nine specimens. Size of the major papilla and minor papilla were 7.6 ± 0.29 mm and 04 ± 0.52 mm respectively. The average distance between the pylorus and minor papilla was 6.2±1.24 cm and between the pylorus and major papilla was 8.2±1.27 cm. The average distance between the major and minor papilla was 1.97± 0.57 cm. Conclusion: The constant introduction of newer and modified techniques in the diagnosis and management of the diseases has increased the importance of normal and variant anatomy. The present study highlights the variations in the gross morphology of the major and minor duodenal papilla in South Indians.
Perinatal Management of Bart's Hemoglobinopathy: Paradoxical Effects of Intrauterine, Transplacental, and Partial Exchange Transfusions
Authors: Curran Mark , Mikhael Michel , Sun Wang-Dar , Lim Jina , Leung Anna , Morchi Gira , Chmait Ramen H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe a fetus at 24 3/7 weeks' gestation that showed ultrasound evidence of anemia, hydrops, and severe growth restriction. Both parents were known to be cis heterozygous carriers for SEA α-thalassemia deletion (αα/–). Cordocentesis confirmed fetal anemia and homozygous α-thalassemia (−/−) in the fetus. Fetal intrauterine transfusions corrected the anemia, treated the hydrops, and improved fetal growth. The postnatal course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, which resolved only after partial volume exchange transfusion. This case report is presented to point out the potential unintended outcomes with transplacental transfusion via delayed cord clamping and cord milking at delivery in the setting of congenital Bart's hemoglobinopathy, and demonstrates that partial exchange transfusion of the newborn may optimize oxygen delivery due to the more favorable oxygen affinity of transfused adult hemoglobin compared with the Bart's hemoglobin.
Predicting Preeclampsia with Noninvasive Measures of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Emeasoba Emmanuel U. , McLaren Rodney A. , Landau Rebecca , Weedon Jeremy , Haberman Shoshana , Minkoff Howard , Shani Jacob , Montemarano Nadine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This study evaluates the assessment of endothelial function and its prediction for preeclampsia among women with high-risk factors.
Study Design A prospective cohort study of 107 pregnant women at 20 weeks or greater gestation with risk factors for developing preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry by generating a reactive hyperemia index (RHI) score. An index score of <1.67 was defined as endothelial dysfunction. The primary outcome was preeclampsia. Logistic regression was used to predict preeclampsia from RHI scores, body mass index, gestational age at RHI evaluation, history of preeclampsia, history of pregestational diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, and fetal number. A receiver operating characteristic plot was constructed to predict preeclampsia from the RHI score.
Results Among 107 women, 99 had interpretable RHI scores. Among those with an abnormal RHI (n = 61), 17 (28%) developed preeclampsia. Among women with a normal score (n = 38), six (16%) developed preeclampsia (p = 0.166). After logistic regression, there was no significant association. A receiver operating characteristic plot also revealed no association between RHI score and preeclampsia.
Conclusion An abnormal RHI score using peripheral arterial tonometry indicating endothelial dysfunction was not predictive of developing preeclampsia in this cohort. Future studies are needed to further evaluate this relationship.
Accuracy and Interobserver Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Einerson Brett D. , Rodriguez Christina E. , Silver Robert M. , Donnelly Meghan A. , Kennedy Anne M. , Woodward Paula J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aims to define the accuracy, predictive value, and interobserver reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.
Study Design Two experienced radiologists independently interpreted the MRI studies of patients with possible PAS from two referral centers. Radiologists were blinded to sonographic and clinical information. We calculated diagnostic testing characteristics and kappa statistics of interobserver reliability for MRI findings of PAS.
Results Sixty-eight MRI cases were evaluated. Confirmed PAS and severe PAS were present in 44 (65%) and 20 (29%) cases. For the diagnosis of any PAS, MRI had a sensitivity 66%, specificity 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 81%, negative predictive value (NPV) 53%, and accuracy 68%. For the diagnosis of severe PAS (percreta), MRI had a sensitivity 85%, specificity 79%, PPV 63%, NPV 93%, and accuracy 81%. The accuracy of individual signs of PAS was lower (44–65%). Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for previa; substantial for myometrial interruptions, PAS, severe PAS, and placental bulging/balling; and moderate to slight for other signs of PAS.
Conclusion Although the interobserver reliability of MRI for a diagnosis of PAS is substantial, the accuracy and predictive value are modest and lower than previously reported.
Morphometric evaluation of occipital condyles for a safe transcondylar approach through skull base
Authors: Phalgunan Vijisha , Narayanan Suresh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Occipital condyle is an important landmark in transcondylar approach for surgery of lesions ventral to the brainstem, hence it is imperative to understand the anatomical aspects of occipital condyle. The aim of the present study is to analyse the morphometrical aspects of occipital condyle and to highlight its importance in surgical resection. Materials and method: Hundred occipital condyles of fifty dry skulls were used for this study. Twenty-six parameters were measured. The measurements were made separately for right and left sides. Results: The mean length of occipital condyle was found to be 22.92mm. The distance between the intracranial orifice of the hypoglossal canal and the posterior margin of occipital condyle was 12.55±0.05mm. The commonest location of intracranial orifice and extracranial orifice of hypoglossal canal was found to be at location 3 and location 2 respectively. Occipital condyle was oval in most skulls. Conclusion: Occipital condyle can be safely drilled for a distance of 12 mm from the posterior margin before encountering the hypoglossal canal. Surgeons operating in this area must consider the variations of parameters of south Indian skulls.
The Fundamentals for Craniofacial Morphogenesis -A review with emphasis on the decisive dynamics
Authors: Agnihotri Gaurav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA rekindled need to widerstand details of craniofacial morphogenesis stems from the clinicians requirement to distinguish normal Variation from the effect of abnormal or pathologic processes. The understanding of the developmental blueprint is core to diagnosis, timing, planning of treatment and predicting post treatment outcomes. The morphogenesis works constantly towards a State of composite, architectonic balance among all of the separate growing parts. The various parts, developmentally merge into a functional whole with each part complementing the others as they all grow and function together. The present overview takes into account the principal fundamentals of the morphogenesis and the decisive dynamics involved therein. There is a cephalo-caudal gradient in the craniofacial growth pattern. In accordance with functional matrix theory, the major determinant of growth of maxilla and mandible is enlargement of nasal and oral cavities, which grow in response to functional needs. The craniofacial complex can be divided into four areas that grow rather differently.These are cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex and mandible. The craniofacial morphogenesis leads to an aggregate State of structural and functional equilibrium. A thorough understanding of the process and patterns is the 'vital key' for successful therapies in this region.
A study of lesser pelvic parameters and their correlation with age by reformatted computed tomography in western Indian Gujarati female population
Authors: Shah Ritesh K. , Desai Jalpa N. , Upadhyay Ajay R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background & aims: Pelvic parameters vary according to age, race and population. The study is aimed at assessing female pelvic parameters using reformatted 3D CT images, compare the obtained values with other studies and correlate these parameters with age. Material & Methods: Reformatted three-dimensional CT images were obtained from stored abdominopelvic computed tomography [CT] scan images. Image analysis software was used to determine various diameters of the lesser pelvis. Data were analysed to derive mean ± SD, SE, 95% Cl, paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used for comparison and correlation of variables. Results: Mean± standard deviation of obstetric conjugate diameter was 10.94±1.18 cm, transverse diameter of inlet was 12.46±0.81 cm, sagittal diameter of midplane wasl 1.74±0.80 cm, interspinous diameter was 9.78±0.75 cm, sagittal diameter of outlet was 8.99±1.02 cm and intertuberous diameter was 10.69±0.86. All the parameters except sagittal diameter of midplane and interspinous diameter showed correlation with age. Conclusion: The present study provides reference values for various pelvic parameters in western Indian Gujarati female population. Parameters obtained in present study vary greatly from previous studies from other populations. The results demonstrated that significant age-related changes occurred in pelvic inlet and outlet parameters.
Mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: a dry human mandibles study in South Indian population
Authors: Suman Parineeta , Singh Sabita , Mahato Raj Kishore 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction and aim: Mandible usually has a bilateral oval or circular mental foramen [MF] situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible. Variations of the MF are often encountered ranging from difference in incidence, shape, size, position and supernumerary [accessory MF] to even complete absence. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and the anatomical features of the mental foramen and the accessory mental foramen. Materials & method: 61 dry human mandibles of unknown sex were examined. Size and distance of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen from symphysis menti [Mandibular midline], inferior border of the mandible, posterior border of ramus and superior border of body of mandible were measured using vernier calliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Results: Bilateral mental foramina [MF] were present in all 61 [100%] mandibles. Out of 122 mental foramina [MF], 86 [70.5%] were round and 36 [29.5%] were oval in shape. Approximately half [47.54%] of MF were present below the apex of 2nd premolar tooth. MF was located approximately half way between alveolar crest and mandibular body. Bilateral AMF were present in 1.64% mandibles. All 5 AMFs were round in shape. AMF was separated from MF by a median distance of 2mm. Conclusion: The knowledge about incidence and variability in position of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen is important in order to avoid nerve damage in connection with surgical procedure and to achieve complete effect of anaesthesia after mental nerve block
Talking over the robot
Authors: Jeon Chihyung , Shin Heesun , Kim Sungeun , Jeong Hanbyul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyze the use of Silbot – a “dementia-prevention robot” – in a regional health center
in South Korea. From our on-site observation of the Silbot classes, we claim that the efficacy of the robot class relies heavily
on the “strained collaboration” between the human instructor and the robot. “Strained collaboration” refers to the ways in which
the instructor works with the robot, attempting to compensate for the robot’s functional limitation and social awkwardness. In
bringing Silbot into the classroom setting, the instructor employs characteristic verbal tones, bodily movements, and other
pedagogical tactics. The instructor even talks over the robot, downplaying its interactional capacity. We conclude that any
success of such robot programs requires a deeper understanding of the spatial and human context of robot use, including the role
of human operators or mediators and also that this understanding should be reflected in the design, implementation, and evaluation
of robot programs.
Flowering time control in rice by introducing Arabidopsis clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5
Authors: Nakamichi Norihito , Kudo Toru , Makita Nobue , Kiba Takatoshi , Kinoshita Toshinori , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Plants flower under appropriate day-length conditions by integrating temporal information provided by the circadian clock with light and dark information from the environment. A sub-group of plant specific circadian clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) genes (PRR7/PRR3 sub-group) controls flowering time both in long-day and short-day plants; however, flowering control by the other two PRR gene sub-groups has been reported only in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a model long-day plant. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis PRR9/PRR5 sub-group gene can control flowering time (heading date) in rice, a short-day plant. Although PRR5 promotes flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering. Such transgenic rice plants produced significantly higher biomass, but not grain yield, due to the late flowering. Concomitantly, expression of Hd3a, a rice florigen gene, was reduced in the transgenic rice.

Abbreviations
CCT: CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE, and TOC1; HD: HEADING DATE; LHY: LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL; Ppd: photoperiod; PR: pseudo-receiver; PRR: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR; TOC1: TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1; ZTL: ZEITLUPE
Optimizing the penalty kick under external focus of attention and autonomy support instructions
Authors: Makaruk Hubert , Porter Jared M. , Bodasińska Anna , Palmer Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPenalty kicks often play a decisive role in the most prestigious international football tournaments. The present study investigated whether shooting performance of the penalty kick in football would be improved by providing specific attentional and motivational instructions. Twenty‐four experienced male volunteers were asked to kick a ball at one of four targets located in a regulation‐sized goal. Using a goalkeeper‐independent strategy, subjects performed the penalty kicks under external focus (EF; targets in the goal), autonomy support (AS; choice of target order), combining external focus and autonomy support (EF/AS), and control conditions (C). A goalkeeper tried to save the ball during each attempt. The mean number of scored goals and kicking accuracy of goal scored were used to determine penalty kick performance. The EF/AS combination enhanced the number of goals scored compared to the C condition. No other significant differences were observed between the conditions in the number of goals scored. The EF/AS group displayed greater kicking accuracy of goals scored relative to the AS and C conditions. Also, the kicking accuracy of the EF condition was significantly better than the C condition. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the EF/AS condition resulted in fewer missed shots compared to the C condition. There were no significant differences in blocked shots between the conditions. The findings suggest that promoting an external focus of attention and autonomy support collectively may enhance penalty kick performance.
Does Local Journalism Stimulate Voter Participation in State Supreme Court Elections?
Authors: Hughes David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractI gather new data on local media coverage of state supreme court elections and examine its effects on voter participation. I find that, even when controlling for campaign expense and advertising, media coverage can increase voter engagement in state supreme court contests. While some of this effect is attributable to salient campaigns themselves, content and statistical analyses show that the media provide voters with unique information such as candidate qualifications that can also stimulate their participation.
Single photon pulse induced transient entanglement force
Authors: Yang Li-Ping , Khandekar Chinmay , Li Tongcang , Jacob Zubin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We show that a single photon pulse incident on two interacting two-level atoms induces a transient entanglement force between them. After absorption of a multi-mode Fock state pulse, the time-dependent atomic interaction mediated by the vacuum fluctuations changes from the van der Waals interaction to the resonant dipole–dipole interaction (RDDI). We explicitly show that the RDDI force induced by the single photon pulse fundamentally arises from the two-body transient entanglement between the atoms. This single photon pulse induced entanglement force can be continuously tuned from being repulsive to attractive by varying the polarization of the pulse. We further demonstrate that the entanglement force can be enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude if the atomic interactions are mediated by graphene plasmons. These results demonstrate the potential of shaped single photon pulses as a powerful tool to manipulate this entanglement force and also provides a new approach to witness transient atom–atom entanglement.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Mechano-Chemical Method By Utilizing 3D HEM (High Energy Milling)
Authors: Siswanto  , Hariyanto Mayasari 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle by mechano-chemical method using 3D HEM already has been done. The chemical reaction process is done by 3D HEM with 1500 rpm. The concern of this research is milling time there are 0 minute, 15 minutes, 60 minutes, 180 minutes, 300 minutes, 420 minutes and 480 minutes. Through this method is done a chemical reaction of materials, Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2), Natrium Carbonate (Na2CO3), Sodium Chloride (NaCl) become Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl). The calcination is done at a temperature 450°C for 2 hours. That calcination process is also causing aggregation which makes the particle size increase. The sodium chloride is removed by dissolving in aqua bidestilata and using sonicator for 30 minutes with its velocity 60Hz. For minimalize of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is dissolving the sample in aquades and then deposited. The duration of precipitation shows the particle size of ZnO that formed. Precipitation is caused by gravitation force and the particle size that didn’t affect by the force is under 50 nm. Therefore, the observation of particle size only did on the sample that has long time of precipitation and short time of precipitation as comparator. The result of PSA observation shows the smallest particle size that formed is (135.6 ± 35, 8) nm, with the milling time for 180 minutes. Meanwhile, the particle size is obtained at 1 hour and 7 hours milling time are (183.8 ± 46, 6 ) nm and (877.7 ± 228, 7) nm. Besides that, all the crystal size that formed is nanometer. In addition, the result of XRD shows the volume fraction of ZnO for 0 minute, 60 minutes and 180 minutes milling time are still small relatively, there are 12.55%, 13.31 % and 14.8 %.
Synthesis of SiO2 – PVA – Gelatine Nanocomposite Membrane by Handling of the Gelatine
Authors: Ady Jan , Abdul Aziz Muhammad , Nur Seha Siti 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Works for synthesithes of the SiO2 – PVA – Gelatine nanocomposite membrane has been made by freeze thawing methods and had been done by the notation in their compositions. It was found that optimum elongation at break in about 79.03% and 4851.7 g per sample for its swelling ratio of membrane. This results had obtained by sample in which that composed on the 50.0 wt% of PVA and 32.50 wt% of gelatine in were added to 17.50 wt% of SiO2 powder in their notation. Therefore, this variations could be uses as a membrane and then by the gelatine handling had been effectively to controlled their mechanical characteristics as well as both of the elongation at break and swelling ratio too.