bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy Surface Characteristics and Vertical Structure in the Gulf of Mexico from Satellite Observations and Model Simulations
Authors: Brokaw Richard J. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Trott Corinne B. , Chaigneau Alexis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico exhibits strong circulation due to the Loop Current System, along with high mesoscale eddy activity. In order to investigate eddy characteristics, we apply an automatic eddy‐tracking algorithm to absolute dynamic topography maps and analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of eddy attributes including amplitude, radius, and eddy kinetic energy. The Loop Current region in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is an area of robust eddy generation for both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Anticyclonic eddies were generally characterized by smaller amplitudes and larger radii when compared to their cyclonic counterparts. We also examine eddy surface properties including temperature and salinity anomalies as well as chlorophyll‐a concentration and observe how these properties vary between the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Persistent features such as the Loop Current System and coastal low‐salinity, highly biologically productive waters dominate eddy properties in the eastern side of the basin. We also apply the eddy‐tracking algorithm to a regional Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model validated using Argo floats. We find that this model accurately reflects surface characteristics in the mesoscale eddy field as well as the mean vertical eddy structure and use it to extend our analysis of eddy properties with depth. We find that subsurface characteristics of density, salinity, temperature, and velocities vary greatly between eddies in the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Through composite analysis of both surface and subsurface eddy properties, we gain a more complete picture of the mechanisms behind the observable characteristics of these eddies.
Fire Affects Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Southern Amazon Forests
Authors: Bomfim Barbara , Silva Lucas C. R. , Marimon‐Júnior Ben H. , Marimon Beatriz S. , Doane Timothy A. , Horwath William R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the biogeochemical consequences of fire in seasonally flooded Amazon forests, where recent declines in forest cover have been linked to increases in fire frequency and severity. Previous studies have hypothesized that a quasi‐permanent state‐shift transition from typical Amazon forests to open savannas can occur when fire results in further depletion of already impoverished soil nutrient pools. Asymbiotic N2 fixation (ANF) is an essential pathway for fire‐affected forests to acquire nitrogen (N) after disturbance, but ANF response to fire has yet to be quantified in Amazonia. Here, we quantify ANF through field sampling and laboratory incubations using 15N‐labeled dinitrogen (15N2) and measurement of 14 biogeochemical parameters in surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–30 cm) soils. Our data represent burned and unburned replicated sampling sites, across five stands, spanning a gradient from infrequent (once in 13 years) to frequent (five times in 13 years) fire occurrences. ANF did not vary with fire frequency but was, on average, 24% lower in burned than in unburned surface soils across all stands. Burned and unburned subsurface soils had similar ANF rates. About 58% of ANF variance was explained by the joint effect of carbon (C):N ratio and available phosphorus (P) in burned and unburned soils. ANF increased linearly with C:N and P availability in unburned soils, but a highly non‐linear relationship was observed in burned soils. Our findings show that fire alters soil C‐to‐nutrient stoichiometry, which resulted in lower N inputs via ANF into burned relative to unburned tropical forest soils.
Community Composition and Photosynthetic Physiology of Phytoplankton in the Western Subarctic Pacific Near the Kuril Islands With Special Reference to Iron Availability
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Nakamura Suzu , Nishioka Jun , Hooker Stanford B. , Suzuki Koji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe western subarctic Pacific (WSP) is known as one of the most productive regions among the world's oceans in spring. However, its oceanic waters are also known as a high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll region during summer due to low iron (Fe) availability in seawater. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that the distribution of Fe in the WSP is complex and heterogeneous. This study thus investigated the effects of Fe availability on the community composition and photophysiology of surface phytoplankton from coastal to offshore waters in the WSP in the summer of 2014. Although relatively high concentrations (>2 mg/m3) of chlorophyll (chl)awere found in the Sea of Okhotsk and some coastal waters, low chlaconcentrations (<1 mg/m3) were commonly observed in offshore waters. Based on dissolved Fe and macronutrient concentrations, we deduced that low Fe availability limited phytoplankton growth in offshore waters, whereas low silicate and/or nitrate levels limited growth in the shelf areas. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed that the centric diatomChaetocerosexclusively dominated the diatom assemblages in the shelf and coexisted with pennate diatoms in offshore waters, respectively. Primary productivity in surface waters was negatively correlated with the bottom of the euphotic layer or the light saturation index of the photosynthesis‐irradiance curve, which indicates that the phytoplankton assemblages were well acclimated to in situ light conditions regardless of the water masses.
Current antimicrobial practice in febrile neutropenia across Europe and Asia: the EBMT Infectious Disease Working Party survey
Authors:   on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (EBMT), Verlinden Anke , Mikulska Malgorzata , Knelange Nina Simone , Averbuch Dina , Styczynski Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this survey was to summarize the current antimicrobial practice in febrile neutropenia and the presence of key aspects of antimicrobial stewardship. A questionnaire was sent to 567 centers, and complete responses were obtained from 194 (34.2%). Fluoroquinolone and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis are used in 57.1% and 89.1%, respectively. In 66.4%, the first-line empirical therapy is piperacillin/tazobactam, whereas 10.9% use carbapenems. Empirical combination therapy is used in stable patients without history of resistant pathogens in 37.4%. De-escalation to monotherapy is performed within 3 days in 35.3% and after 10 days in 19.1%. Empirical addition of a glycopeptide is performed when fever persists more than 2–3 days in 60.8%. Empirical escalation to a broader spectrum agent is performed when fever persists more than 3–5 days in 71.4%. In case of positive blood cultures with a susceptible pathogen and uncomplicated presentation, 76.7% of centers de-escalate and 36.6% discontinue before neutrophil recovery. In fever of unknown origin with uncomplicated presentation, 54.1% of centers de-escalate and 49.5% discontinue before neutrophil recovery. Recommendations put forward in the ECIL guidelines are not widely implemented in clinical practice. Specific problems include overuse of carbapenems and combination therapy and unjustified addition of glycopeptides without further de-escalation or discontinuation.
Coherent spin control of s-, p-, d- and f-electrons in a silicon quantum dot
Authors: Leon R. C. C. , Yang C. H. , Hwang J. C. C. , Lemyre J. Camirand , Tanttu T. , Huang W. , Chan K. W. , Tan K. Y. , Hudson F. E. , Itoh K. M. , Morello A. , Laucht A. , Pioro-Ladrière M. , Saraiva A. , Dzurak A. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOnce the periodic properties of elements were unveiled, chemical behaviour could be understood in terms of the valence of atoms. Ideally, this rationale would extend to quantum dots, and quantum computation could be performed by merely controlling the outer-shell electrons of dot-based qubits. Imperfections in semiconductor materials disrupt this analogy, so real devices seldom display a systematic many-electron arrangement. We demonstrate here an electrostatically confined quantum dot that reveals a well defined shell structure. We observe four shells (31 electrons) with multiplicities given by spin and valley degrees of freedom. Various fillings containing a single valence electron—namely 1, 5, 13 and 25 electrons—are found to be potential qubits. An integrated micromagnet allows us to perform electrically-driven spin resonance (EDSR), leading to faster Rabi rotations and higher fidelity single qubit gates at higher shell states. We investigate the impact of orbital excitations on single qubits as a function of the dot deformation and exploit it for faster qubit control.
First-in-human robotic supermicrosurgery using a dedicated microsurgical robot for treating breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized pilot trial
Authors: van Mulken Tom J. M. , Schols Rutger M. , Scharmga Andrea M. J. , Winkens Bjorn , Cau Raimondo , Schoenmakers Ferry B. F. , Qiu Shan S. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. ,   MicroSurgical Robot Research Group, Keuter Xavier H. A. , Lauwers Thomas M. A. S. , Piatkowski Andrzej A. , Hommes Juliette E. , Deibel Dionne S. , Budo Jessie E. M. , Scheerhoorn Jai , Rijkx Maud E. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdvancements in reconstructive microsurgery have evolved into supermicrosurgery; connecting vessels with diameter between 0.3 and 0.8 mm for reconstruction of lymphatic flow and vascularized tissue transplantation. Supermicrosurgery is limited by the precision and dexterity of the surgeon’s hands. Robot assistance can help overcome these human limitations, thereby enabling a breakthrough in supermicrosurgery. We report the first-in-human study of robot-assisted supermicrosurgery using a dedicated microsurgical robotic platform. A prospective randomized pilot study is conducted comparing robot-assisted and manual supermicrosurgical lymphatico-venous anastomosis (LVA) in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema. We evaluate patient outcome at 1 and 3 months post surgery, duration of the surgery, and quality of the anastomosis. At 3 months, patient outcome improves. Furthermore, a steep decline in duration of time required to complete the anastomosis is observed in the robot-assisted group (33–16 min). Here, we report the feasibility of robot-assisted supermicrosurgical anastomosis in LVA, indicating promising results for the future of reconstructive supermicrosurgery.
Strong graphene oxide nanocomposites from aqueous hybrid liquid crystals
Authors: Hegde Maruti , Yang Lin , Vita Francesco , Fox Ryan J. , van de Watering Renee , Norder Ben , Lafont Ugo , Francescangeli Oriano , Madsen Louis A. , Picken Stephen J. , Samulski Edward T. , Dingemans Theo J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombining polymers with small amounts of stiff carbon-based nanofillers such as graphene or graphene oxide is expected to yield low-density nanocomposites with exceptional mechanical properties. However, such nanocomposites have remained elusive because of incompatibilities between fillers and polymers that are further compounded by processing difficulties. Here we report a water-based process to obtain highly reinforced nanocomposite films by simple mixing of two liquid crystalline solutions: a colloidal nematic phase comprised of graphene oxide platelets and a nematic phase formed by a rod-like high-performance aramid. Upon drying the resulting hybrid biaxial nematic phase, we obtain robust, structural nanocomposites reinforced with graphene oxide.
Atomic structures of anthrax toxin protective antigen channels bound to partially unfolded lethal and edema factors
Authors: Hardenbrook Nathan J. , Liu Shiheng , Zhou Kang , Ghosal Koyel , Zhou Z. Hong , Krantz Bryan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFollowing assembly, the anthrax protective antigen (PA) forms an oligomeric translocon that unfolds and translocates either its lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF) into the host cell. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of heptameric PA channels with partially unfolded LF and EF at 4.6 and 3.1-Å resolution, respectively. The first α helix and β strand of LF and EF unfold and dock into a deep amphipathic cleft, called the α clamp, which resides at the interface of two PA monomers. The α-clamp-helix interactions exhibit structural plasticity when comparing the structures of lethal and edema toxins. EF undergoes a largescale conformational rearrangement when forming the complex with the channel. A critical loop in the PA binding interface is displaced for about 4 Å, leading to the weakening of the binding interface prior to translocation. These structures provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms of translocation-coupled protein unfolding and translocation.
Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experiments in a full-scale urban drainage physical model
Authors: Naves Juan , Anta Jose , Suárez Joaquín , Puertas Jerónimo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a dataset obtained from hydraulic and sediment transport experiments performed in a full-scale urban drainage physical model of 36 m2. The study seeks to accurately measure sediment mobilization through the different parts of the model (surface, gully pots and pipe system), also obtaining a precise characterization of water flow and using realistic rainfall simulator to ensure the transferability of the results. Three different rain intensities and five sediment granulometries were tested in 6 hydraulic and 23 wash-off and sediment transport experiments. The following experimental data were produced: surface elevations and 2D runoff velocities measured by visualization techniques; surface and in-pipe water depths; flow discharges, total suspended solids concentrations and particle size distribution at the entrance of the gully pots and at the pipe system outlet; and sediment mass balances. This data is optimal for developing and validating wash-off and sediment transport formulations in urban drainage models, towards better treatment and management techniques for minimizing the impact of urban surface pollutants on the environments of towns and cities.
Three-dimensional assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for creating a robust electron-conducting network in silicon-carbon microsphere-based electrodes
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Kim Dae-wook , Todoki Hitomi , Zettsu Nobuyuki , Teshima Katsuya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a strategic approach to improve the cycle performance of a polymeric binder-free anode based on nano-Si@C microspheres by incorporating a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) network and performing carbodiimide-based condensation coupling to form a robust molecular-junction between MW-CNTs and nano-Si@C microspheres. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy reveals that one-dimensional MW-CNTs homogeneously wrapped the individual Si@C microspheres and they interwove through the intergranular nanospace. The incorporation of amide bonds at the junction primarily contributes to the stabilization and reinforcement of the hybrid electrodes. Their reversible capacity after 50 cycles with 0.5 A g−1 was significantly improved from 81 mAh·g−1 to 520 mAh·g−1. Such robustness associated with the supramolecularly assembled MW-CNTs is expected to facilitate electron conductivity and mass transfer kinetics, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance of the Si@C anode.
An association between air pollution and daily most frequently visits of eighteen outpatient diseases in an industrial city
Authors: Chau Tang-Tat , Wang Kuo-Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractToxic effects of air pollutants were individually identified in various organs of the body. However, the concurrent occurrences and the connection of diseases in multiple organs arise from air pollution has not been concurrently studied before. Here we hypothesize that there exist connected health effects arise from air pollution when diseases in various organs were considered together. We used medical data from hospital outpatient visits for various organs in the body with a disease-air pollution model that represents each of the diseases as a function of the environmental factors. Our results show that elevated air pollution risks (above 40%) concurrently occurred in diseases of spondylosis, cerebrovascular, pneumonia, accidents, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influenza, osteoarthritis (OA), asthma, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), cancer, heart, hypertensive, diabetes, kidney, and rheumatism. Air pollutants that were associated with elevated health risks are particular matters with diameters equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particular matters with diameters equal or less than 10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NO). Concurrent occurrences of diseases in various organs indicate that the immune system tries to connectively defend the body from persistent and rising air pollution.
Food availability modulates the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on fish growth
Authors: Cominassi Louise , Moyano Marta , Claireaux Guy , Howald Sarah , Mark Felix C. , Zambonino-Infante José-Luis , Peck Myron A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen organisms are unable to feed ad libitum they may be more susceptible to negative effects of environmental stressors such as ocean acidification and warming (OAW). We reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at 15 or 20 °C and at ambient or high PCO2 (650 versus 1750 µatm PCO2; pH = 8.1 or 7.6) at ad libitum feeding and observed no discernible effect of PCO2 on the size-at-age of juveniles after 277 (20 °C) and 367 (15 °C) days. Feeding trials were then conducted including a restricted ration (25% ad libitum). At 15 °C, growth rate increased with ration but was unaffected by PCO2. At 20 °C, acidification and warming acted antagonistically and low feeding level enhanced PCO2 effects. Differences in growth were not merely a consequence of lower food intake but also linked to changes in digestive efficiency. The specific activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, trypsin, phosphatase alkaline and aminopeptidase N) at 20 °C was lower at the higher PCO2 level. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating restricted feeding into experimental designs examining OAW and suggests that ad libitum feeding used in the majority of the studies to date may not have been suitable to detect impacts of ecological significance.
QTL-Seq and Sequence Assembly Rapidly Mapped the Gene BrMYBL2.1 for the Purple Trait in Brassica rapa
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Kang , Wu Jian , Guo Ning , Liang Jianli , Wang Xiaowu , Cheng Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnthocyanins have strong antioxidant activity and are believed to be healthy for human beings. The Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea “Zicaitai” is rich in anthocyanins. We constructed an F2 population of Zicaitai and “Caixin” (Brassica rapa ssp. parachinensis) and it shows clear segregation of the purple phenotype (i.e., variation in anthocyanin enrichment). Here, quantitative trait locus (QTL)-Seq was performed with two sample groups from the F2 population: one exhibiting an intense purple phenotype and the other showed a completely green phenotype. The results showed that the QTL-Seq and linkage analysis located different major loci. This indicates that there are two major genetic factors that plays different roles in regulating anthocyanin enrichment in Zicaitai. This was further supported by the data simulation of an in silico F2 population that QTL-Seq and linkage analysis can locate different major loci. Furthermore, the draft genomes of the two parents (Zicaitai and Caixin) were assembled and utilized to search for mutations in candidate genes. A ~100-bp insertion was found in the third exon of gene BrMYBL2.1 in Zicaitai. BrMYBL2.1 is a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, while BrEGL3.2—previously located by linkage mapping—is a positive regulator. For these populations with multiple genes contributing large effects to a trait, a strategy of low depth re-sequencing of F2 individuals followed by QTL-Seq analysis with the free combination of sample groups is proposed. Furthermore, draft-sequence assembly of parental genomes together with QTL mapping is suggested as an efficient means for fine-mapping genes rapidly in segregating populations.
Targeted memory reactivation during sleep boosts intentional forgetting of spatial locations
Authors: Schechtman Eitan , Witkowski Sarah , Lampe Anna , Wilson Brianna J. , Paller Ken A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough we experience thousands of distinct events on a daily basis, relatively few are committed to memory. The human capacity to intentionally control which events will be remembered has been demonstrated using learning procedures with instructions to purposely avoid committing specific items to memory. In this study, we used a variant of the item-based directed-forgetting procedure and instructed participants to memorize the location of some images but not others on a grid. These instructions were conveyed using a set of auditory cues. Then, during an afternoon nap, we unobtrusively presented a cue that was used to instruct participant to avoid committing the locations of some images to memory. After sleep, memory was worse for to-be-forgotten image locations associated with the presented sound relative to those associated with a sound that was not presented during sleep. We conclude that memory processing during sleep can serve not only to secure memory storage but also to weaken it. Given that intentional suppression may be used to weaken unpleasant memories, such sleep-based strategies may help accelerate treatments for memory-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Lipidomic profiles, lipid trajectories and clinical biomarkers in female elite endurance athletes
Authors: Varga Tibor V. , Ali Ashfaq , Herrera Jose A. R. , Ahonen Linda L. , Mattila Ismo M. , Al-Sari Naba H. , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Skouby Sven , Brunak Søren , Tornberg Åsa B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe assessed whether blood lipid metabolites and their changes associate with various cardiometabolic, endocrine, bone- and energy-related comorbidities of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in female elite endurance athletes. Thirty-eight Scandinavian female elite athletes underwent a day-long exercise test. Five blood samples were obtained during the day - at fasting state and before and after two standardized exercise tests. Clinical biomarkers were assessed at fasting state, while untargeted lipidomics was undertaken using all blood samples. Linear and logistic regression was used to assess associations between lipidomic features and clinical biomarkers. Overrepresentations of findings withP < 0.05 from these association tests were assessed using Fisher’s exact tests. Self-organizing maps and a trajectory clustering algorithm were utilized to identify informative clusters in the population. Twenty associationsPFDR < 0.05 were detected between lipidomic features and clinical biomarkers. Notably, cortisol demonstrated an overrepresentation of associations withP < 0.05 compared to other traits (PFisher = 1.9×10−14). Mean lipid trajectories were created for 201 named features for the cohort and subsequently by stratifying participants by their energy availability and menstrual dysfunction status. This exploratory analysis of lipid trajectories indicates that participants with menstrual dysfunction might have decreased adaptive response to exercise interventions.