bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes
Authors: Yang Zerui , An Wenli , Liu Shanshan , Huang Yuying , Xie Chunzhu , Huang Song , Zheng Xiasheng 
Published: June 2020

Background
Dextrorotatory borneol (D-borneol), a cyclic monoterpene, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an efficient topical analgesic drug. Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum trees, e.g., C. burmannii and C. camphor, are the main sources from which D-borneol is extracted by steam distillation, yet with low yields. Insufficient supply of D-borneol has hampered its clinical use and production of patent remedies for a long time. Biological synthesis of D-borneol offers an additional approach; however, mechanisms of D-borneol biosynthesis remain mostly unresolved. Hence, it is important and necessary to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol.

Results
Comparative analysis on the gene expression patterns of different D-borneol production C. burmannii samples facilitates elucidation on the underlying biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Herein, we collected three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, which harbor different contents of D-borneol.A total of 100,218 unigenes with an N50 of 1,128 bp were assembled de novo using Trinity from a total of 21.21 Gb clean bases. We used BLASTx analysis against several public databases to annotate 45,485 unigenes (45.38%) to at least one database, among which 82 unigenes were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis pathways by KEGG annotation. In addition, we defined 8,860 unigenes as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 13 DEGs were associated with terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. One 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and two monoterpene synthase, designated as CbDXS9, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, were up-regulated in the high-borneol group compared to the low-borneol and borneol-free groups, and might be vital to biosynthesis of D-borneol in C. burmannii. In addition, we identified one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB candidate genes, which exhibited the same expression patterns as CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, suggesting that these transcription factors might potentially regulate D-borneol biosynthesis. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the actual expression level of those candidate genes related to the D-borneol biosynthesis pathway, and the result showed that the expression patterns of the candidate genes related to D-borneol biosynthesis were basically consistent with those revealed by transcriptome analysis.

Conclusions
We used transcriptome sequencing to analyze three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, identifying three candidate structural genes (one DXS, two monoterpene synthases) and seven potential transcription factor candidates (one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB) involved in D-borneol biosynthesis. These results provide new insight into our understanding of the production and accumulation of D-borneol in C. burmannii.
Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Accidents by Venomous Animals in Mâncio Lima, a Western Amazonian City
Authors: Souza Mardelson Nery de , Mantovani Saulo Augusto Silva , Schlosser Andreus Roberto , Arruda Rayanne Alves de , Braga Cássio Braga e , Andrade Breno Wilson Benevides , Pereira Thasciany Moraes , Martins Antonio Camargo , Nogueira Rudi , Delfino Breno Matos , Madruga Kauan Alves Sousa , Silva-Nunes Mônica da 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To characterize the frequency and clinical characteristics of venomous animals’ accidents in Mâncio Lima, Acre.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil, between 2013 and 2015.
Methodology: We included a cohort of 350 households (estimated to be 1,500 people of all ages) in the urban area of Mâncio Lima. The following questionnaires were applied: I. Occurrence of accidents by venomous animals and clinical characterization of accidents; II. The detailed description of households.
Results: There were 111 (8%) accidents with snakes, 138 (9.9%) accidents with scorpions, 108 (7.8%) accidents with spiders and 99 (7.1%) accidents with stingrays. Bothrops jararaca was the most cited snake, being edema (local and systemic) and muscular pain the main symptoms. In relation to scorpionism and arachnidism, the hands were the body site of the greatest number of injuries, with local pain/tingling and pain/blistering being the main symptoms, respectively. Accidents by stingrays occurred mostly in the shallow part of the river; feet and legs were the main body sites affected and local pain/bleeding were the main symptoms.
Conclusion: In Mâncio Lima, there was a severe frequency of envenomation in the population, specifically in low-income brown/black male rural workers with low educational level. A counter action is required with public health measures that protects the inhabitants of the region, offering greater hospital care and wide application of serum for everyone who needs it. It is also important to educate rural workers on venomous animals and preventive measures to avoid accidents.
Diversity Studies in Vigna Species and Their Implications in Further Breeding
Authors: Bolaji Abolade Oluremi , Oladejo Atanda Samuel , Ebeagu Samuel 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To evaluate, identify and select superior genotypes with better agronomic traits with respect to insect resistance and yield components for the development of improved cowpea varieties.
Study Design: The plants were raised using completely randomized design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Screen house of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between between July 2017 and January 2018.
Methodology: A total of 67 Vigna accessions consisting of 36 V. vexillata and 31 V. unguiculata species were evaluated and the quantitative and qualitative attributes of the various accessions studied were documented. The data obtained in the study were subjected to univariate analysis involving descriptive statistics, as well as multivariate analysis involving the General Linear Model (GLM) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The differences among means of each variable were tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at ˂0.05 using System Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.13. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used to test the correlation among the quantitative attributes of the varieties studied.
Results: The results of the investigation showed that there was significant variation in most of the quantitative attributes of the species studied though many of the qualitative vegetative attributes were considerably uniform. The Principal Component Analysis showed that some of the important traits that contributed significantly to the variation were number of days to seedling emergence, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole length, pod length, pod breadth, seed length, seed breadth, number of seeds per pod and number of locules.
Conclusion: From the findings obtained in this study, it could be concluded that the desirable traits of Tvnu1249 (V. vexillata) such as early maturity, and Tvnu72 (V. vexillata) with high percentage seed set and resistance to flower bud thrips could be transferred into Sanzi and Ifebrown (V. unguiculata varieties) with larger seed sizes and high percentage seed set through hybridization and other breeding techniques.
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic: How are the Future Tourist Behavior?
Authors: Wachyuni Suci Sandi , Kusumaningrum Dewi Ayu 
Published: June 2020

Aims: This research examines tourist travel intentions after the end of the pandemic.
Study Design: Descriptive quantitative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Research from February - April 2020 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Methodology: This research is a descriptive study describing the current situation using a quantitative approach. Probability sampling with simple random sampling. Data collection using survey methods by distributing online questionnaires (Google Form) through WhatsApp broadcast messages and reach 128 respondents. Simple quantitative data analysis.
Results: The travel preferences are (78%), or the majority of respondents said they would go back on tour. About (65%) will return to travel in the near term, which is 0-6 months after the pandemic is declared over, of the type of tourism desired by respondents is nature tourism by (66%), The majority of the desired tour duration is short-period, which is 1-4 days. The survey results show that travel intention mean value is higher than travel anxiety.
Conclusion: Empirical predictions of tourist behavior after this pandemic ends. There are passion and optimism that tourism will recover faster because the majority of respondents in this study have planned when and where they will immediately after COVID-19 pandemic end with new travel preferences.
Graphene and MXene Nanomaterials: Toward High‐Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Gigahertz Band Range
Authors: Song Qiang , Ye Fang , Kong Luo , Shen Qingliang , Han Liyuan , Feng Lei , Yu Gaojie , Pan Yuanan , Li Hejun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSearching for advanced microwave absorption (MA) nanomaterials is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing electromagnetic pollution in both military and civil fields. To this end, graphene and MXene have won the widespread attention as the main representatives due to their remarkable structures and properties. The common features such as the large aspect ratio, active chemical surface, and varieties of synthesis processes endow graphene and MXene with unique superiorities for developing high‐efficiency MA structures, in particular lightweight assemblies and various hybrids. Meanwhile, the structural and performance differences (such as different conductivities) between them result in distinctive techniques in the design, fabrication, and application of their MA materials. Herein, the research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, through the comparison between graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented. Furthermore, the future challenge, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.
Epitaxially Strained CeO2/Mn3O4 Nanocrystals as an Enhanced Antioxidant for Radioprotection
Authors: Han Sang Ihn , Lee Sang‐woo , Cho Min Gee , Yoo Ji Mun , Oh Myoung Hwan , Jeong Beomgyun , Kim Dokyoon , Park Ok Kyu , Kim Junchul , Namkoong Eun , Jo Jinwoung , Lee Nohyun , Lim Chaehong , Soh Min , Sung Yung‐Eun , Yoo Jongman , Park Kyungpyo , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanomaterials with antioxidant properties are promising for treating reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related diseases. However, maintaining efficacy at low doses to minimize toxicity is a critical for clinical applications. Tuning the surface strain of metallic nanoparticles can enhance catalytic reactivity, which has rarely been demonstrated in metal oxide nanomaterials. Here, it is shown that inducing surface strains of CeO2/Mn3O4 nanocrystals produces highly catalytic antioxidants that can protect tissue‐resident stem cells from irradiation‐induced ROS damage. Manganese ions deposited on the surface of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals form strained layers of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) islands, increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. CeO2/Mn3O4 nanocrystals show better catalytic activity than CeO2 or Mn3O4 alone and can protect the regenerative capabilities of intestinal stem cells in an organoid model after a lethal dose of irradiation. A small amount of the nanocrystals prevents acute radiation syndrome and increases the survival rate of mice treated with a lethal dose of total body irradiation.
Large‐Scale Fast Fluid Dynamic Processes for the Syntheses of 2D Nanohybrids of Metal Nanoparticle‐Deposited Boron Nitride Nanosheet and Their Glycolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Min , Jin Se Bin , Park Hong Jun , Park Seung Hwa , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Suh Hoyoung , Park Yong‐Ju , Seo Donghyuk , Hwang Sung Yeon , Kim Do Hyun , Choi Bong Gill 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOwing to the unique mass and heat transfer, fluidic‐flow control systems or reactors can potentially provide advantages for organic and inorganic syntheses compared to the static reactors. In this study, it is demonstrated that a fluid dynamic reactor based on Taylor–Couette (T–C) flow provides high‐throughput processes for the exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), syntheses of metal‐nanoparticle‐(NP)‐deposited hBN nanohybrids, and their glycolysis reactions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The mechanical shear force and dynamic mixing behavior of the T–C flow lead to a stable colloidal suspension of exfoliated hBN sheets with a high exfoliation yield of 77.9% and high production rate of 0.48 g h−1. A fast synthesis of metal NPs (Pd, Pt, Ag, and RuO2 NPs) onto the hBN surface is achieved by using the controlled T–C flow within only 2 min owing to the efficient mass and heat transfer of the T–C flow. The T–C flow considerably reduces the reaction time (30 min) and temperature (100 °C) for the Pd/hBN‐catalyst‐based glycolysis reaction of PET to bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate compared to those of the conventional static reaction that is performed above 200 °C for 120 min.
Maneuvering the Migration and Differentiation of Stem Cells with Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Xue Jiajia , Pisignano Dario , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers have been extensively explored as a class of scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration, because of their unique capability to mimic some features and functions of the extracellular matrix, including the fibrous morphology and mechanical properties, and to a certain extent the chemical/biological cues. This work reviews recent progress in applying electrospun nanofibers to direct the migration of stem cells and control their differentiation into specific phenotypes. First, the physicochemical properties that make electrospun nanofibers well‐suited as a supporting material to expand stem cells by controlling their migration and differentiation are introduced. Then various systems are analyzed in conjunction with mesenchymal, neuronal, and embryonic stem cells, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. Finally, some perspectives on the challenges and future opportunities in combining electrospun nanofibers with stem cells are offered to address clinical issues.
Flexible Fiber Probe for Efficient Neural Stimulation and Detection
Authors: Du Minghui , Huang Lu , Zheng Jiajun , Xi Yue , Dai Yi , Zhang Weida , Yan Wei , Tao Guangming , Qiu Jianrong , So Kwok‐Fai , Ren Chaoran , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFunctional probes are a leading contender for the recognition and manipulation of nervous behavior and are characterized by substantial scientific and technological potential. Despite the recent development of functional neural probes, a flexible biocompatible probe unit that allows for long‐term simultaneous stimulation and signaling is still an important task. Here, a category of flexible tiny multimaterial fiber probes (<0.3 g) is described in which the metal electrodes are regularly embedded inside a biocompatible polymer fiber with a double‐clad optical waveguide by thermal drawing. Significantly, this arrangement enables great improvement in mechanical properties, achieves high optical transmission (>90%), and effectively minimizes the impedance (by up to one order of magnitude) of the probe. This ability allows to realize long‐term (at least 10 weeks) simultaneous optical stimulation and neural recording at the single‐cell level in behaving mice with signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR = 30 dB) that is more than 6 times that of the benchmark probe such as an all‐polymer fiber.
Uncovering Atomic‐Scale Stability and Reactivity in Engineered Zinc Oxide Electrocatalysts for Controllable Syngas Production
Authors: Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma Catherine , Huang Bosi , Zubair Muhammad , Leverett Joshua , Zhang Qingran , Lim Sean , Horlyck Jonathan , Tang Jianbo , Lu Xunyu , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Hart Judy N. , Bedford Nicholas M. , Amal Rose 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, scalable, flame spray synthesis is utilized to develop defective ZnO nanomaterials for the concurrent generation of H2 and CO during electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The designed ZnO achieves an H2/CO ratio of ≈1 with a large current density (j) of 40 mA cm−2 during long‐term continuous reaction at a cell voltage of 2.6 V. Through in situ atomic pair distribution function analysis, the remarkable stability of these ZnO structures is explored, addressing the knowledge gap in understanding the dynamics of oxide catalysts during CO2RR. Through optimization of synthesis conditions, ZnO facets are modulated which are shown to affect reaction selectivity, in agreement with theoretical calculations. These findings and insights on synthetic manipulation of active sites in defective metal‐oxides can be used as guidelines to develop active catalysts for syngas production for renewable power‐to‐X to generate a range of fuels and chemicals.
Do consumers have an appetite for discolored beef?
Authors: Feuz Ryan , Norwood F. Bailey , Ramanathan Ranjith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsumers prefer beef to be bright, cherry red in color. As beef becomes discolored, consumers may perceive it to be unwholesome, reducing their willingness‐to‐pay (WTP). This study uses a choice experiment in an online survey to measure how discoloration affects consumer WTP for beef steak and ground beef. A cheap talk script combined with a trap question designed to simultaneously reduce hypothetical bias as well as measurement error caused by inattentive respondents is included in the survey. Results indicate even slightly discolored beef may require at least a 50% discount before the average consumer will purchase it. However, through latent class analysis, consumer preferences for discolored steak and ground beef are found to be heterogeneous with several latent classes identified. Thus, if the quantity of discolored meat to be sold is low, retailers can sell discolored meat at smaller discounts to consumers in one of the subgroups with less discriminating discoloration preferences [EconLit Citations: D10, D12, Q18].
Farmer preferences in contracting with modern retail in Indonesia: A choice experiment
Authors: Widadie Fanny , Bijman Jos , Trienekens Jacques 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the preferences of smallholder farmers for contracting can help in making contracts more sustainable. This paper presents the results of a choice experiment (CE) among smallholder farmers in Indonesia to assess their preferences for accepting contracts with modern retail. The CE was based on attributes of actual sales transactions in modern retail and traditional retail channels. A total of 301 vegetable smallholder farmers participated, consisting of 173 farmers participating in traditional markets and 128 in modern retail markets. A random parameter logit model estimates that, in general, smallholders do not prefer contracting with modern retail over spot market selling in traditional retail channels. Most contract attributes are perceived as negative by smallholders. A willingness‐to‐accept analysis shows that farmers are critical of most contract attributes, particularly those related to quality requirements. Producer organizations (POs) reduce transaction costs and increase smallholders' preference toward contracts. Contract designs that reduce transaction cost, mitigate risks for farmers, provide fair prices, and involve POs are more likely to attract smallholders to modern retail channels. [EconLit Citations: D23, O13, Q13].
A multi‐faceted approach to analyzing glucose heat‐degradants and evaluating impact to a CHO cell culture process
Authors: Moore Brandon , Grinnell Chris , Boumajny Boris , Chen Rachel , Frenkel Ruth , de Vilmorin Phil , Sosic Zoran , Khattak Sarwat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlucose solutions are commonly heated before use in medical and biotech applications to maintain cleanliness, however the resulting degradants can be toxic. This study examines two approaches to evaluating the heat degradants resulting from holding a 40% glucose solution at 55°C for 5 weeks: first, chemical changes to the solution were identified and quantified via analytical testing, and second the toxicity of the heat‐degraded 40% glucose solution was evaluated empirically by using it as a feed stock for a fed‐batch CHO‐cell‐based protein therapeutic manufacturing process. Colorimetric analysis quantified a color change during heating, and liquid chromatography assays measured an increase in the concentrations of two unknown degradants along with the commonly identified glucose impurity 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF). Solution pH decreased over time, corresponding with an increase in formic acid concentration as measured via GC–MS. Despite this, cell culture toxicity was not observed, and protein productivity and product quality were maintained.
Sexual dimorphism of the relationship between the gut and pelvis in humans
Authors: Uy Jeanelle , Hawks John , VanSickle Caroline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesObstetric demands have long been considered in the evolution of the pelvis, yet consideration of the interaction of pregnancy, the pelvis, and the gastrointestinal tract (gut) is lacking. Here, we explore sex differences in the relationship of gut volume with body size and pelvic dimensions.Materials and MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scans of living adult Homo sapiens (46 females and 42 males) were obtained to measure in vivo gut volume (GV) and to extract 3D models of the pelvis. We collected 19 3D landmarks from each pelvis model to acquire pelvic measurements. We used ordinary least squares regression to explore relationships between GV and body weight, stature, and linear pelvic dimensions.ResultsThe gut‐pelvis relationship differs between males and females. Females do not exhibit significant statistical correlations between GV and any variable tested. GV correlates with body size and pelvic outlet size in males. GV scales with negative allometry relative to body weight, stature, maximum bi‐iliac breadth, inferior transverse outlet breadth, and bispinous distance in males.DiscussionThe lack of association between GV and body size in females may be due to limits imposed by the anticipation of accommodating a gravid uterus and/or the increased plasticity of the pelvis. The pattern of relationship between GV and the pelvic outlet suggests the role of the bony pelvis in supporting the adominal viscera in females may be small relative to its role in childbirth. We conclude that gut size inference in fossil hominins from skeletal proxies is limited and confounded by sexual dimorphism.