bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial tuberculosis polyps
Authors: Yu Christiaan , Foo Chuan Tai , Aung Ar Kar , Joosten Simon A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndobronchial tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report a case of endobronchial TB polyps in a patient from India presenting with cough, loss of weight and night sweats. Computed tomography chest revealed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, endobronchial invasion, and nodular infiltrates in the right lower lobe. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed two endobronchial polyps at the carina and left main bronchus which were biopsied. Histopathology showed non‐caseating granulomas. Both the biopsy and bronchial washings did not identify acid‐fast bacilli on Ziehl‐Neelsen stain and had negative TB complex DNA polymerase chain reaction. One month after bronchoscopy, M. tuberculosis was cultured from the bronchial washings. Following six months of TB treatment, there was full resolution of symptoms and significant radiological improvement. We highlight the diagnostic challenges in endobronchial TB which may impact on the timely institution of treatment.
Evaluation of PFAS treatment technology: Alkaline ozonation
Authors: Thomas Ryan , Jenkins Kristen , Landale Beth , Trigger Grant , Holsen Thomas M. , Dore Sophia , Pope Donald , Wasielewski Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA bench‐scale treatability study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of alkaline ozonation on removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present in groundwater at a former industrial site in Michigan. The study involved testing the PFAS‐impacted groundwater under alkaline ozonating conditions under a range of experimental conditions, including modifying pH, hydrogen peroxide‐to‐ozone molar ratio doses, length of ozonation pretreatment times, and sampling techniques. PFAS‐spiked samples were used to determine if inorganic ions such as fluoride (F−), sulfate (SO42−), formate (HCOO−), acetate (CH3COO−), and trifluoroacetate (CF3COO−) were generated or if there were decreases in total organic fluorine resulting from PFAS treatment. The results from all tests indicate that decreases in PFAS concentrations were due to a combination of removal and destructive mechanisms with enhanced removal under acidic pH ozonation pretreatment conditions. Short‐chain PFAS concentrations increased during the experiments followed by an overall decrease in concentration under continuous alkaline ozonation conditions. Reductions in concentrations in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid of 75–97% were observed. Reductions in concentrations were also observed in other PFAS such as 6:2 FTS, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFNA. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that alkaline ozonation has been performed on PFAS‐impacted water while monitoring a larger suite of PFAS analytes in addition to destruction byproducts. Treatment of PFAS under the conditions discussed in this paper suggests that alkaline ozonation may be a viable remediation option for PFAS‐impacted waters.
Design and Synthesis of New Vancomycin Derivatives
Authors: Ma Chunying , He Na , Ou Yangyan , Feng Wenhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo explore the structure‐activity relationships (SAR) of vancomycin and find more effective new chemical entities than known glycopeptides for the treatment of antibacterial infection, 11 novel vancomycin analogues 7 carrying N‐acyl‐substituted lipophilic substitutions on the vancosamine moiety and polar moieties on the seventh‐amino acid phenyl ring were designed and synthesized. These analogues 7 a–k have been evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activities against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. faecium (sensitive and resistant strains). Compounds 7 c, 7 f, and 7 i showed more potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus than vancomycin. In addition, compounds 7 f and 7 j showed promising antibacterial activity against sensitive S. epidermidis.
CuX2 Mediated Facile Halocyclization of N‐Allyl Thioureas
Authors: Rai Vishakha , Sorabad Ganesh Shivayogappa , Maddani Mahagundappa Rachappa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of thiazoline derivatives via electrophilic cyclization of N‐allyl thiourea derivatives with the low‐cost and readily available cupric halides has been developed. The notable features of this reaction are the formation of new C‐X and C‐S bonds, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and the excellent yields. The present method was also employed for the preparation of corresponding oxazoline derivatives in very good yields.
Identification of a Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitor via Design and Synthesis of New Antibacterial Pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazin‐5‐ol Derivatives
Authors: Khalil Hosam H. , Khattab Sherine N. , Toughan Mayada M. , El‐Saghier Ahmed M. M. , El‐Wakil Marwa H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo new series of pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazin‐5‐ol Schiff's bases (4 a‐j) and 1,3,5‐triazinylaminobenzamides (6 a‐e) as effective antibacterial agents targeting E.coli DNA gyrase were designed and synthesized. Compound 6 e was found to be the most promising antibacterial agent among the screened compounds. Further evaluation of the inhibitory activity of 6 e against E.coli DNA gyrase in the supercoiling assay revealed its potential inhibitory activity (IC50=4.86 μM) more than reference drug ciprofloxacin (IC50=4.98 μM). Comparison of molecular electrostatic potential maps between 6 e and ciprofloxacin revealed similar regions of positive and negative potentials. While docking studies illustrated the predicted binding mode of 6 e inside the active site of E.coli DNA gyrase which involved key binding interactions with the essential amino acid residues. Additional in silico computation of physicochemical parameters, ADMET and ligand efficiency indices pointed out to the potential drug‐like properties of 6 e as a lead compound for future optimization and development.
Synthesis of Optically Active Graft Copolymers Carrying Polylactide Arms as Fluorescent Sensor for Recognition of Pyroglutamic Acid Enantiomer
Authors: Li Quan , Peng Yanyan , Han Shuo , Lan Tianqi , Zhang Jin , Cao Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolylactide is rarely used as a kind of fluorescence sensor material due to lack of luminescent group. To make up for this lack of features, in this paper, achiral 9,9‐dipropynylfluorene‐2‐methanol (DODH) as a starting material was used to construct a luminescent oligomer (poly‐(S)‐DODH) via asymmetric coupling reaction, which exhibits good emission ability but low optical rotation value. Then, the oligomer was grafted onto chiral lactide (LLA) to produce polylactic acid side chain, giving a high optically active graft oligomer poly‐(S)‐DODH‐LAA with molecular brush structure. This graft oligomer as a fluorescence sensor for several chiral enantiomers was investigated. Although the oligomer itself almost showed no recognition ability for all these enantiomers, interestingly, the recognition performance for pyroglutamic acid enantiomer was obviously enhanced in the presence of Cu2+.
Catalytic Hydroconversion of Runbei Lignite over a Highly Active Solid Superacid
Authors: Niu Shuo , Wei Xian‐Yong , Li Zhi‐Xin , Zhang Di , Zong Zhi‐Min , Kang Yu‐Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly active solid superacid, denoted as TFMSA/CNOFW, was prepared by calcining Ni‐organic framework (NOFW) to get calcined NOFW (CNOFW), into which trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was impregnated. It was used to catalyze the hydroconversions of both oxybis(methylene)dibenzene (OBMDB) and the extraction residue (ERRL) from Runbei lignite (RL). The results show that over TFMSA/CNOFW, OBMDB was hydrocracked to toluene as the main product, indicating that TFMSA/CNOFW can heterolytically spit H2 to relatively mobile H+ and immobile H− attached on TFMSA/CNOFW. The addition of H+ to the oxygen atom (OA) in OBMDB produces phenylmethylium (PMI) and phenylmethanol (PMII). Toluene was yielded by the following 2 reactions: (1) the abstraction of H− by PMI from the TFMSA/CNOFW surface and (2) H+ addition to the OA in PMII, subsequent dehydration to form PMI, and the abstraction of H− by PMI from the TFMSA/CNOFW surface. In the similar mechanism, ERRL was hydrocracked to acetone‐soluble portion in the yield of 78.6% over TFMSA/CNOFW under 4 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure at 310 °C for 4 h.
Complete Liquid‐Phase Preparation of CuFe‐Based Catalysts and Their Application in the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from Syngas
Authors: Bai Nan , Gao Zhihua , Hao Chunyao , Deng Haoyue , Zhang Sai , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCuFe‐based catalysts with different Cu/Fe molar ratios were prepared by the complete liquid‐phase method and applied in the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas in a slurry bed reactor. The characterization results demonstrated that the CuFe‐based catalysts existed CuFe alloy and CuFe2O4. The molar ratio of Cu/Fe had an obvious effect on the synergistic interaction of CuFe bimetallic and its performance. The CuFe‐based catalyst with Cu/Fe molar ratio of 2 (Cu2Fe1) was the best catalyst, which showed better dispersibility and intimate contact between bimetal, and more spinel on the metal surface. The activity evaluation results exhibited that low temperature and low pressure were favorable for the formation of higher alcohols. The total alcohols selectivity was 46.87% and the higher alcohols mass fraction in total alcohols was 83.44% at 493 K and 3 MPa. This work may provide a novel method in preparing a highly efficient catalyst for higher alcohols synthesis from syngas under milder reaction conditions.
Converting inventions into innovations in large firms: How inventors at Xerox navigated the innovation process to commercialize their ideas
Authors: Vinokurova Natalya , Kapoor Rahul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryHow can inventors in large firms navigate their organizations' innovation processes to commercialize breakthrough inventions? Using historical case studies of three breakthrough inventions at Xerox—office workstations, personal computers, and laser printers, we illustrate how inventors navigated multiple evaluation criteria across different organizational units to attract resources toward inventions. These criteria stemmed from Xerox's first successful breakthrough invention, the 914 copier and the specific objectives of the organizational units. We highlight two approaches deployed by Xerox inventors—searching across the organization for more favorable evaluation criteria and shaping the evaluation criteria to help attract resources. While searching leveraged the heterogeneity of evaluation criteria across the different organizational units, shaping required the presence of evaluative uncertainty with respect to the appropriate criteria for evaluating breakthrough inventions.Managerial SummaryThe challenges of commercializing breakthrough inventions in large firms have been studied extensively through a lens of managerial decision‐making and resource allocation. This perspective has characterized the innovation process in large firms as one in which inventors confine themselves to idea generation, leaving idea commercialization to other actors, subject to organizational inertia. We develop a complementary perspective of the innovation process in which inventors may navigate organizational inertia by going beyond idea generation to attracting resources toward commercializing their breakthrough inventions. By offering a novel account of how inventors at Xerox navigated multiple evaluation criteria to commercialize their inventions, the study sheds light on an important yet overlooked aspect of the innovation process in large firms that can facilitate the commercialization of breakthrough inventions.
Embedding co‐sleeping practice within the family systems paradigm: Novel theoretical conceptualization and initial empirical exploration
Authors: Neophytou Kleanthis , Rodríguez‐González Martiño , Lampis Jessica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA critical co‐sleeping literature review revealed individualistic and dyadic guided approaches taken insofar, ridden by conflicting results. Thereby, we situated our approach beyond the individual and dyad area where we developed anew a systemic co‐sleeping paradigm, resulting in theoretical and preliminary empirical findings. Initial cross‐gender analyses associated significantly co‐sleeping with Bowen Family Systems Theory's cornerstone constructs. However, once the moderating effect of gender was examined, significance disappeared across the board for females yet persisted for males. Specifically, male‐children time‐persistent co‐sleeping was associated negatively with differentiation and positively with chronic anxiety and other hypothesized maladjustment effects (guilty feelings and abandonment feelings if moved away from parents). Effects drew attention to Bowen's systemic construct of intergenerational emotional fusion. Guided by the empirical associations, we focused on gender development differences literature. We suggest that triangulation processes dynamically embed co‐sleeping within the family systems paradigm, with the embedment appearing to be significantly gendered.
Parametric numerical study on service‐load deflections of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete slabs and beams based on fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Tošić Nikola , Kurama Yahya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is entering into structural design codes such as the new Eurocode 2. However, serviceability limit state (SLS) behavior of RAC, especially deflections, can be significantly greater than for natural aggregate concrete. Proposals for deflection control of RAC exist, but there still have not been significant studies on their implications for SLS design. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical parametric study on the sustained service‐load deflections of reinforced RAC slabs and beams is described. First, a concrete material model for the time‐dependent analysis of reinforced concrete structures is described, validated, and calibrated, incorporating fib Model Code 2010 creep and shrinkage models in the OpenSees structural analysis program. Then, service‐load deflection analyses are conducted on RAC one‐way slabs and T‐beams considering the amount of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), concrete strength class, element height, span, statical system, relative humidity, and quasi‐permanent load‐to‐design load ratio. The results show that RCA begins to have an appreciable effect on deflections only for coarse aggregate replacement percentages above 25%. At 50% replacement, the maximum spans to satisfy deflection limits can be considerably reduced; however, these reductions are smaller for T‐beams and higher class concrete. The results confirm the versatility of the numerical model, as well as the applicability and limitations of RAC in SLS design.
Influence of calcined diatomite content and elevated temperatures on the properties of high strength mortars produced with basalt sand
Authors: Sarıdemir Mustafa , Çelikten Serhat , Çiflikli Murat , Karahancer Mustafa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of calcined diatomite (CDT) content on the mechanical, microstructural, and mineralogical properties of high strength mortars (HSMs) exposed to 25, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000°C temperatures is investigated. The percentages of CDT that replace Portland cement (PC) in this work are 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%, by weight. The researched properties of the HSMs are the unit weight (Uw), ultrasonic pulse velocity (Upv), flexural strength (fs), compressive strength (fc) and the analyses of X‐ray powder diffraction, polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the CDT has a potential to be successfully employed as a partial replacement of PC in the HSMs exposed to elevated temperatures. The optimal replacement level of PC by CDT is determined as 15% from strength tests. Besides, the Uw, Upv, fs, and fc values progressively reduce as the temperatures subjected to the HSMs increase. The CDT has a positive effect on the fs and fc values the HSMs after exposure to elevated temperatures.
Coherent X-ray Imaging
Authors: Salditt Tim , Robisch Anna-Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter briefly summarizes some main concepts of coherent X-ray imaging. More specifically, we consider lensless X-ray imaging based on free-space propagation. It is meant as primer and tutorial which should help to understand later chapters of this book devoted to X-ray imaging, phase contrast methods, and optical inverse problems. We start by an introduction to scalar wave propagation, first in free space, followed by propagation of short wavelength radiation within matter. This provides the basic tools to consider the mechanisms of coherent image formation in a lensless X-ray microscope. The recorded intensities are inline holograms created by self-interference behind the object. We then present single-step and iterative fixed-point techniques based on alternating projections onto constraint sets as tools to decode the measured intensities (phase retrieval). The chapter closes with a brief generalization of two dimensional coherent imaging to three dimensional imaging by tomography.
Proximal Methods for Image Processing
Authors: Luke D. Russell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this tutorial on proximal methods for image processing we provide an overview of proximal methods for a general audience, and illustrate via several examples the implementation of these methods on data sets from the collaborative research center at the University of G$$\ddot{o}$$

o
¨

ttingen. The ProxToolbox is a collection of routines that process simulated and raw image data. We use the toolbox not only for research purposes, but also as a teaching tool, to give beginning students access to relevant, laboratory data, upon which they can test their understanding of algorithms and experiment with new ideas.
Reversibly Switchable Fluorescent Proteins for RESOLFT Nanoscopy
Authors: Jensen Nickels A. , Jansen Isabelle , Kamper Maria , Jakobs Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiffraction-limited lens-based optical microscopy fails to discern fluorescent features closer than $$\sim $$
∼
200 nm. All super-resolution microscopy (nanoscopy) approaches that fundamentally overcome the diffraction barrier rely on fluorophores that can adopt different states, typically a fluorescent ‘on-’state and a dark, non-fluorescent ‘off-’state. In reversible saturable optical linear fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) nanoscopy, light is applied to induce transitions between two states and to switch fluorophores on and off at defined spatial coordinates. RESOLFT nanoscopy relies on metastable reversibly switchable fluorophores. Thereby, it is particularly suited for live-cell imaging, because it requires relatively low light levels to overcome the diffraction barrier. Most implementations of RESOLFT nanoscopy utilize reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs), which are derivatives of proteins from the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family. In recent years, analysis of the molecular mechanisms of the switching processes have paved the way to a rational design of new RSFPs with superior characteristics for super-resolution microscopy. In this chapter, we focus on the newly developed RSFPs, the light-driven switching mechanisms and the use of RSFPs for RESOLFT nanoscopy.
Homogeneous Levi non-degenerate hypersurfaces in $${{\mathbb {C}}}^3$$
Authors: Doubrov Boris , Medvedev Alexandr , The Dennis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe classify all (locally) homogeneous Levi non-degenerate real hypersurfaces in $${{\mathbb {C}}}^3$$

C

3

with symmetry algebra of dimension $$\ge 6$$

≥
6

.
Personzentriertes diagnostisches Verstehen und der ganzheitliche Blick auf das Individuum
Authors: Brückl Marieluise 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Personzentrierten Ansatz wird der Mensch in seiner Gesamtheit betrachtet und die Ursache für Störungen in der Konstellation der Selbststruktur angenommen. In der therapeutischen Arbeit mit Jugendlichen gilt es zu verstehen, welche der vielfältigen Erfahrungen in das Selbstkonzept vollständig integriert werden konnten und welche vielleicht nur verzerrt aufgenommen oder ganz verleugnet werden mussten. Diagnostik im personzentrierten Verständnis ist ein Teil der Therapie bzw. eine den Prozess begleitende Diagnostik und wird an Hand der Arbeit mit einer fünfzehnjährigen Jugendlichen beschrieben.
Blind Source Separation for Compositional Time Series
Authors: Nordhausen Klaus , Fischer Gregor , Filzmoser Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany geological phenomena are regularly measured over time to follow developments and changes. For many of these phenomena, the absolute values are not of interest, but rather the relative information, which means that the data are compositional time series. Thus, the serial nature and the compositional geometry should be considered when analyzing the data. Multivariate time series are already challenging, especially if they are higher dimensional, and latent variable models are a popular way to deal with this kind of data. Blind source separation techniques are well-established latent factor models for time series, with many variants covering quite different time series models. Here, several such methods and their assumptions are reviewed, and it is shown how they can be applied to high-dimensional compositional time series. Also, a novel blind source separation method is suggested which is quite flexible regarding the assumptions of the latent time series. The methodology is illustrated using simulations and in an application to light absorbance data from water samples taken from a small stream in Lower Austria.