bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble‐positive expiratory pressure device and sputum clearance in bronchiectasis: A randomised cross‐over study
Authors: Santos Mary D. , Milross Maree A. , McKenzie David K. , Alison Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe bubble‐positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device may be used for sputum clearance in people with daily sputum production. However, this device has never been studied in people with bronchiectasis. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of bubble‐PEP device, the active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) and no intervention (control) on sputum clearance in people with bronchiectasis.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomised cross‐over trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention‐to‐treat analysis. Adult participants with stable bronchiectasis and productive of sputum daily were recruited. Participants performed 30‐min of bubble‐PEP, ACBT or control in random order whilst sitting, followed by 60‐min of quiet sitting, on three separate days at the same time within a 10‐day period. Primary outcome measure was wet weight of expectorated sputum during 30‐min intervention, 60‐min post intervention and total wet weight (30 min plus 60 min).ResultsThirty‐five‐participants (11 males, mean [standard deviation] age 75 [8] years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 72 [20] % predicted) were recruited and 34 completed the study. There was no significant difference in sputum wet weight between bubble‐PEP and ACBT during 30‐min intervention (mean difference [95% confidence interval]) −0.59 g [−1.37, 0.19] and total wet weight (0.74 g [−0.54, 2.02]). Sputum wet weight was significantly greater in bubble‐PEP than ACBT at 60‐min post intervention (1.33 g [0.19, 2.47]).ConclusionSputum wet weight was significantly greater with bubble‐PEP than control at all time periods, and greater than ACBT at 60‐min‐post. Bubble‐PEP could be considered an alternative sputum clearance technique to ACBT.
Realized heritability, inheritance and cross‐resistance patterns in imidacloprid‐resistant strain of Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: Saeed Rabia , Abbas Naeem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDImidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely sprayed alone or mixed with other insecticides against Dysdercus koenigii, a potential pest of cotton in Pakistan. Recently, resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of D. koenigii has developed because of its overuse. Herein, we have investigated inheritance of imidacloprid resistance in D. koenigii and its cross‐resistance to other insecticides.RESULTSThe imidacloprid‐selected population had a 91 421‐fold increase in resistance to imidacloprid after six generations. Overlapping 95% fiducial limits of LC50s of the F1 (Imida‐Sel ♂ × Sus‐ST ♀) and F1† (Imida‐Sel ♀ × Sus‐ST ♂) suggested an autosomal and incomplete dominant resistance to imidacloprid (DLC = 0.84 for F1 and 0.86 for F1†). Reciprocal backcrosses of the F1 and F1† with Sus‐ST predicted a polygenic inheritance. Realized heritability of imidacloprid resistance was 0.38. When mean slope = 1.74 and h2 = 0.38, then 3–13 generations would be required for a ten‐fold increase in LC50s at 90–20% intensity of selection. Very high cross‐resistance to emamectin benzoate (143‐fold), deltamethrin (1675‐fold) and lambda‐cyhalothrin (140‐fold), and moderate cross‐resistance to acetamiprid (37‐fold) in the imidacloprid‐selected strain compared to the field population were observed.CONCLUSIONImidacloprid resistance developed very quickly under continuous selection pressure in the laboratory. These factors might lead to an increasing likelihood of resistance development in field populations, if imidacloprid is used continuously without insecticide rotation for prolonged periods. The present results would be supportive for better management of D. koenigii by devising an effective resistance management strategy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Double‐stranded RNAs targeting HvRPS18 and HvRPL13 reveal potential targets for pest management of the 28‐spotted ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Lü Jing , Guo Wei , Chen Shimin , Guo Mujuan , Qiu Baoli , Yang Chunxiao , Zhang Youjun , Pan Huipeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) is a potential tool for plant protection against insect pests. The great challenge for effective pest control using RNAi in the field is the development of efficient and reliable methods for the production and delivery of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA).RESULTSIn the present study, we investigated the potential of feeding in vitro synthesized or bacterially expressed dsRNA to populations of the 28‐spotted ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata as a method of biological pest control. Ingestion of in vitro synthesized dsHvRPS18 or dsHvRPL13 led to significant down‐regulation of the ribosomal protein‐encoding genes HvRPS18 and HvRPL13, respectively, and significantly decreased the survival of H. vigintioctopunctata. Such silencing of HvRPS18 or HvRPL13 expression appeared to be partially dose‐dependent and also inhibited the growth of H. vigintioctopunctata and significantly suppressed the expression of digestive enzyme‐related genes. Finally, ingestion of bacterially expressed dsHvRPS18 or dsHvRPL13 induced significant mortality in the first and third instars, and in adults.CONCLUSIONThe effectiveness of RNAi‐based gene silencing in H. vigintioctopunctata provides a powerful reverse genetic tool for the functional annotation of its genes. This study demonstrates that HvRPS18 and HvRPL13 represent candidate genes for RNAi‐based biological control of H. vigintioctopunctata. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of four unknown impurities in azithromycin and erythromycin imino ether using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Jin Yong , Xu Yu , Zhou Jinjin , Zhou Zhikui , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2020

RationaleA simple and sensitive method was developed for the separation and characterization of four unknown impurities in azithromycin and erythromycin imino ether using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2D LC/QTOFMS) with positive and negative electrospray ionization.MethodsThe chromatographic separation in the first dimension was performed with a Waters Xbridge RP18 column in gradient mode using binary mobile phase: (A) phosphate buffer (pH 8.2)–acetonitrile (47:53, v/v) and (B) water–acetonitrile (90:10, v/v). In the second dimension, the chromatographic separation was performed using a Shimadzu Shim‐pack GISS C18 column with volatile mobile phases: (A) ammonium formate solution (10 mM) and (B) methanol.ResultsThe molecular formulae and structures of the four impurities were deduced based on the LC/MS/MS data, and further confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra after semi‐preparative isolation of impurities. In addition, the mechanism for the formation of the impurities was also proposed.ConclusionsThe contradiction between the non‐volatile salt mobile phase and mass spectrometry was solved by means of a multiple heart‐cutting 2D LC approach and on‐line desalination technology. Four impurities were separated and characterized. These results could further improve the method of official monographs in pharmacopoeias and guides to improve the process of reducing impurity content.
Copy‐number analysis of Y‐linked loci in young men with non‐obstructive azoospermia: Implications for the rarity of early onset mosaic loss of chromosome Y
Authors: Suzuki Erina , Kobori Yoshitomo , Katsumi Momori , Ushijima Kikumi , Uchiyama Toru , Okada Hiroshi , Miyado Mami , Fukami Maki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeMosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common feature in elderly men. If mLOY can also occur in young men, it may lead to spermatogenic failure due to loss of spermatogenic genes. Indeed, previous studies detected the 45,X/46,XY karyotype in a few young men with spermatogenic failure. The present study aimed to clarify the frequency of cryptic mLOY in reproductive‐aged men with spermatogenic failure.MethodsWe studied 198 men at ages 24‐55 years who presented with etiology‐unknown non‐obstructive azoospermia. Prior this study, these patients underwent G‐banding analysis for 20 leukocytes and were found to have 46,XY karyotype. We analyzed copy numbers of chromosome Y in blood cells by using semi‐quantitative multiplex PCR for AMELY/AMELX, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for the AMELY locus, and droplet digital PCR for SRY, USP9Y, and UTY.ResultsMultiplex PCR showed borderline low AMELY/AMELX ratios in three patients. However, for the three patients, CGH excluded deletion of the AMELY locus, and droplet digital PCR suggested preserved copy numbers of all tested loci.ConclusionThis study highlights the rarity of leukocyte mLOY in reproductive‐aged men with spermatogenic failure. In addition, our data imply that standard karyotyping is sufficient to screen early onset mLOY.
Propaganda in an Age of Algorithmic Personalization: Expanding Literacy Research and Practice
Authors: Hobbs Renee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, the author considers the rise of algorithmic personalization and the power of propaganda as they shift the dynamic landscape of 21st‐century literacy research and practice. Algorithmic personalization uses data from the behaviors, beliefs, interests, and emotions of the target audience to provide filtered digital content, targeted advertising, and differential product pricing to online users. As persuasive genres, advertising and propaganda may demand different types of reading practices than texts whose purpose is primarily informational or argumentative. Understanding the propaganda function of algorithmic personalization may lead to a deeper consideration of texts that activate emotion and tap into audience values for aesthetic, commercial, and political purposes. Increased attention to algorithmic personalization, propaganda, and persuasion in the context of K–12 literacy education may also help people cope with sponsored content, bots, and other forms of propaganda and persuasion that now circulate online.
Fracture performance of concrete incorporating different levels of recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Haifeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the fracture performance of concrete containing different levels of recycled coarse aggregate (RA; i.e., 0, 30, 70, and 100%) with equivalent compressive strength using three‐point bend tests. In total, 32 beams with different notch depths (i.e., 40, 50, and 60 mm) were fabricated to test the load–deflection (P–δ) curves and load‐cracking mouth opening displacement (P‐CMOD) curves. The effects of RA substitutions on fracture parameters were analyzed and the size effect on fracture energy was also discussed. The results demonstrated that with the incremental of RA, the static elastic modulus continuously decreased, while the splitting tensile strength, fracture energy, fracture toughness, and effective crack length remained mostly unchanged. In contrast, the critical cracking opening displacement (CMODC) and critical tip opening displacement increased first and then deceased with the increase of RA substitution, the maximums appeared at 70%. The characteristic length of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was entirely less than that of natural aggregate concrete, indicating that RAC presented greater brittleness. Furthermore, increasing cross‐sectional area of ligament gradually increased the fracture energy.
Spectral Properties of Some Complex Jacobi Matrices
Authors: Świderski Grzegorz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study spectral properties of bounded and unbounded complex Jacobi matrices. In particular, we formulate conditions assuring that the spectrum of the studied operators is continuous on some subsets of the complex plane and we provide uniform asymptotics of their generalised eigenvectors. We illustrate our results by considering complex perturbations of real Jacobi matrices belonging to several classes: asymptotically periodic, periodically modulated and the blend of these two. Moreover, we provide conditions implying existence of a unique closed extension. The method of the proof is based on the analysis of a generalisation of shifted Turán determinants to the complex setting.
Der zweite Blick: praktische diagnostische und therapeutische Checks in der rehabilitativen Neurologie
Authors: Knecht S. , Schmidt-Wilcke T. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Neurorehabilitation versorgt oft Patienten, die schwer und mehrfach erkrankt sind und häufig zuvor durch nichtneurologische Fachdisziplinen behandelt wurden. Medizinisch sind diese Patienten oft noch instabil, sodass die bisherige Diagnostik und Therapien neu bewertet und gegebenenfalls adaptiert oder ergänzt werden müssen. Bestimmte, auch die Neurologie überschreitende diagnostische und therapeutische Probleme – häufig zu antithrombotischer Therapie – tauchen dabei immer wieder auf. Diese werden in Form zu überprüfender Punkte (Checks) vorgestellt, welche Hinweise geben sollen, wann im Einzelfall bisherige Maßnahmen zu hinterfragen und anzupassen sind.
On Weierstrass mock modular forms and a dimension formula for certain vertex operator algebras
Authors: Beneish Lea , Mertens Michael H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing techniques from the theory of mock modular forms and harmonic Maaß forms, especially Weierstrass mock modular forms, we establish several dimension formulas for certain holomorphic, strongly rational vertex operator algebras, complementing previous work by van Ekeren, Möller, and Scheithauer.
Entwicklung eines neuen Screeninginstruments zum Screening auf Dysphagie bei geriatrischen Patienten: das Dysphagie Screening-Tool Geriatrie
Authors: Jäger Martin , Thiem Ulrich , Stege Holger 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die oropharyngeale Dysphagie ist bei geriatrischen Patienten weit verbreitet und fast immer multikausal bedingt. Sie führt zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen und wird oft unzureichend detektiert. Alle bekannten und etablierten Screeningmaßnahmen fokussieren sich auf Patienten mit neurologischer Grunderkrankung, insbesondere nach Schlaganfall.

Material und Methoden
In der Arbeitsgruppe „Dysphagie“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG), in der Ärzte, Logopäden und Schlucktherapeuten zusammengeschlossenen sind, erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche zum Dysphagiescreening. Basierend auf Ergebnissen der Literaturrecherche und eigenen Erfahrungen wurde durch eine Konsensgruppe ein neues Screeninginstrument für geriatrische Patienten entwickelt und konsentiert.

Ergebnisse
Das Screeninginstrument zur Erfassung einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie bei geriatrischen Patienten gliedert sich in 3 Teile: 1. Vigilanz und Sitzposition, 2. Speichelschluck, Zungenbeweglichkeit und Hustenstoß sowie 3. Wasserschlucktest. Das Screeninginstrument kann durch geschultes medizinisches Personal angewendet werden und ist einfach in den Arbeitsalltag zu integrieren.

Diskussion
Das neu entwickelte Screeninginstrument ist speziell für die Anwendung bei geriatrischen Patienten vorgesehen. Es hat Vorteile gegenüber bisher empfohlenen Screeningtests. Bisherige Erfahrungen zeigen eine gute Praktikabilität und Akzeptanz im geriatrischen Team. Weitere Studien müssen die Validität des Instruments prüfen.
Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition
Authors: Baker Lindsay B. , Wolfe Anthony S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition to assess the utility of sweat as a proxy for blood or as a potential biomarker of human health or nutritional/physiological status.MethodsThis narrative review includes the major sweat electrolytes (sodium, chloride, and potassium), other micronutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, vitamins), metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate, ammonia, urea, bicarbonate, amino acids, ethanol), and other compounds (e.g., cytokines and cortisol).ResultsIon membrane transport mechanisms for sodium and chloride are well established, but the mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption for most other sweat solutes are still equivocal. Correlations between sweat and blood have not been established for most constituents, with perhaps the exception of ethanol. With respect to sweat diagnostics, it is well accepted that elevated sweat sodium and chloride is a useful screening tool for cystic fibrosis. However, sweat electrolyte concentrations are not predictive of hydration status or sweating rate. Sweat metabolite concentrations are not a reliable biomarker for exercise intensity or other physiological stressors. To date, glucose, cytokine, and cortisol research is too limited to suggest that sweat is a useful surrogate for blood.ConclusionFinal sweat composition is not only influenced by extracellular solute concentrations, but also mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption, sweat flow rate, byproducts of sweat gland metabolism, skin surface contamination, and sebum secretions, among other factors related to methodology. Future research that accounts for these confounding factors is needed to address the existing gaps in the literature.
Experimental Investigation of Soot Production and Oxidation in a Lab-Scale Rich–Quench–Lean (RQL) Burner
Authors: El Helou Ingrid , Skiba Aaron W. , Mastorakos Epaminondas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSwirl-stabilized, turbulent, non-premixed ethylene–air flames at atmospheric pressure with downstream radially-injected dilution air were investigated from the perspective of soot emissions. The velocity and location of the dilution air jets were systematically varied while the global equivalence ratio was kept constant at 0.3. The employed laser diagnostics included 5 kHz planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH, 10 Hz PAH-PLIF, and 10 Hz laser-induced incandescence (LII) imaging of soot particles. OH-PLIF images showed that the reaction zone widens with dilution, and that regions with high OH-LIF signal shift from the shear layer to the axis of the burner as dilution increases. Dilution is effective at mitigating soot formation within the central recirculation zone (CRZ), as evident by the smaller PAH-containing regions and the much weaker LII signal. Dilution is also effective at halting PAH and soot propagation downstream of the dilution air injection point. The high momentum dilution air circulates upstream to the root of the flame and reduces fuel penetration lengths, induces fast mixing, and increases velocities within the CRZ. Soot intermittency increased with high dilution velocities and dilution jet distances up to two bluff body diameters from the burner inlet, with detection probabilities of < 5% compared to 50% without dilution. These results reveal that soot formation and oxidation within the RQL are dependant on the amount and location of dilution air injected. This data can be used to validate turbulent combustion models for soot.
PrEP Interest Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Netherlands: Covariates and Differences Across Samples
Authors: van Dijk Mart , Duken Sascha B. , Delabre Rosemary M. , Stranz Richard , Schlegel Vincent , Rojas Castro Daniela , Bernier Adeline , Zantkuijl Paul , Ruiter Robert A. C. , de Wit John B. F. , Jonas Kai J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite increased availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP uptake has remained low. To promote uptake, factors related to PrEP interest among relevant target populations warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of PrEP interest among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands, while taking study recruitment strategies into account. We recruited 154 MSM from an LGBT research panel (AmsterdamPinkPanel) and 272 MSM from convenience sampling. Both samples were part of the Flash! PrEP in Europe Survey and were compared on their PrEP interest, usage intentions, and sexual behavior. We conducted logistic regression analyses to discover variables associated with PrEP interest and intentions. Participants from the AmsterdamPinkPanel were less likely to use PrEP, had less knowledge of PrEP, and were less interested in PrEP than participants from convenience sampling. Significant covariates of PrEP interest were being single, more prior PrEP knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, such as not having used a condom during last sex and having ever used drugs in a sexual context, and not participating in the AmsterdamPinkPanel. Adding the recruitment strategy to the regression increased explained variance on top of predictors already described in the literature. Increased sexual risk behavior is related to increased PrEP interest and it helps to identify PrEP target groups. Recruitment strategies have a substantial impact on findings regarding PrEP interest and usage intentions. This study emphasizes the importance of using multiple strategies for recruiting participants to obtain a more comprehensive view of MSM’s attitudes toward PrEP.
Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management
Authors: Novoa Ana , Richardson David M. , Pyšek Petr , Meyerson Laura A. , Bacher Sven , Canavan Susan , Catford Jane A. , Čuda Jan , Essl Franz , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Genovesi Piero , Hirsch Heidi , Hui Cang , Jackson Michele C. , Kueffer Christoph , Le Roux Johannes J. , Measey John , Mohanty Nitya P. , Moodley Desika , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Packer Jasmin G. , Pergl Jan , Robinson Tamara B. , Saul Wolf-Christian , Shackleton Ross T. , Visser Vernon , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Yannelli Florencia A. , Wilson John R. U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena.