bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue is cross-sectionally not associated with objective assessments of inflammation, but changes in fatigue are associated with changes of disease activity assessments during biologic treatment of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hammer Hilde Berner , Michelsen Brigitte , Sexton Joe , Uhlig Till , Provan Sella A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe associations between fatigue and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been defined. The present objectives were to explore in RA patients the cross-sectional and longitudinal relation of fatigue with subjective as well as objective assessments of disease activity.MethodsRA patients were consecutively included when initiating biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months with investigation of fatigue, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; joint pain and patient’s global disease activity, MHAQ, pain catastrophizing, Mental Health score), clinical examinations (examiner’s global disease activity, 28 tender and swollen joint counts), and laboratory variables (ESR, CRP, calprotectin). Ultrasound examinations (semi-quantitative scoring (0–3)) with grey scale and power Doppler were performed of 36 joints and 4 tendons. Statistics included one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple linear and logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 208 RA patients (mean (SD) age 53.2 (13.2) years, disease duration 9.8 (8.5) years) were included. Fatigue levels diminished during follow-up (mean (SD) baseline/12 months; 4.8 (2.8)/3.0 (2.5) (p< 0.001)). Substantial correlations were cross-sectionally found between fatigue and PROMs (median (IQR) r=0.61 (0.52-0.71)) but not with the objective inflammatory assessments. During follow-up, baseline fatigue was associated with PROMs (p< 0.001) but not with objective inflammatory assessments. However, change of fatigue was associated with change in all variables. Higher baseline fatigue levels were associated with lower clinical composite score remission rates.ConclusionFatigue was cross-sectionally associated to subjective but not to objective disease assessments. However, change of fatigue during treatment was associated to all assessments of disease activity.Trial registration numberAnzctr.org.auidentifier ACTRN12610000284066, Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics South East reference number 2009/1254Key Points•In this longitudinal study of patients with established RA, fatigue was associated with patient reported outcome measures at each visit, but not with objective assessments of inflammation including calprotectin and comprehensive ultrasound examinations.•Changes in fatigue during biological treatment were associated with changes in patient reported outcome measures, clinical, laboratory and ultrasound assessments.•Baseline fatigue was associated with all patient reported outcome measures, but not objective assessments of inflammation at all the prospective visits.•Higher baseline fatigue levels were associated with lower remission rates as assessed by clinical composite scores.
Cranial bone flap resorption—pathological features and their implications for clinical treatment
Authors: Göttsche Jennifer , Mende Klaus C. , Schram Anastasia , Westphal Manfred , Amling Michael , Regelsberger Jan , Sauvigny Thomas , Hahn Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy (DC) has a primary complication when using the autologous bone: aseptic bone resorption (ABR). So far, risk factors such as age, number of fragments, and hydrocephalus have been identified but a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is still missing. The aim of this osteopathological investigation was to gain a better understanding of the underlying processes. Clinical data of patients who underwent surgical revision due to ABR was collected. Demographics, the time interval between craniectomy and cranioplasty, and endocrine serum parameters affecting bone metabolism were collected. Removed specimens underwent qualitative and quantitative histological examination. Two grafts without ABR were examined as controls. Compared to the controls, the typical layering of the cortical and cancellous bone was largely eliminated in the grafts. Histological investigations revealed the coexistence of osteolytic and osteoblastic activity within the necrosis. Bone appositions were distributed over the entire graft area. Remaining marrow spaces were predominantly fibrotic or necrotic. In areas with marrow cavity fibrosis, hardly any new bone tissue was found in the adjacent bone, while there were increased signs of osteoclastic resorption. Insufficient reintegration of the flap may be due to residual fatty bone marrow contained in the bone flap which seems to act as a barrier for osteogenesis. This may obstruct the reorganization of the bone structure, inducing aseptic bone necrosis. Following a path already taken in orthopedic surgery, thorough lavage of the implant to remove the bone marrow may be a possibility, but will need further investigation.
Oblique sand ridges in confined tidal channels due to Coriolis and frictional torques
Authors: Hepkema Tjebbe M. , de Swart Huib E. , Nnafie Abdel , Schramkowski George P. , Schuttelaars Henk M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of the Coriolis effect in the initial formation of bottom patterns in a tidal channel is studied by means of a linear stability analysis. The key finding is that the mechanism generating oblique tidal sand ridges on the continental shelf is also present in confined tidal channels. As a result, the Coriolis effect causes the fastest growing pattern to be a combination of tidal bars and oblique tidal sand ridges. Similar as on the continental shelf, the Coriolis-induced torques cause anticyclonic residual circulations around the ridges, which lead to the accumulation of sand above the ridges. Furthermore, an asymptotic analysis indicates that the maximum growth rate of the bottom perturbation is slightly increased by the Coriolis effect, while its preferred wavelength is hardly influenced.
Streamflow-based evaluation of climate model sub-selection methods
Authors: Kiesel Jens , Stanzel Philipp , Kling Harald , Fohrer Nicola , Jähnig Sonja C. , Pechlivanidis Ilias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe assessment of climate change and its impact relies on the ensemble of models available and/or sub-selected. However, an assessment of the validity of simulated climate change impacts is not straightforward because historical data is commonly used for bias-adjustment, to select ensemble members or to define a baseline against which impacts are compared—and, naturally, there are no observations to evaluate future projections. We hypothesize that historical streamflow observations contain valuable information to investigate practices for the selection of model ensembles. The Danube River at Vienna is used as a case study, with EURO-CORDEX climate simulations driving the COSERO hydrological model. For each selection method, we compare observed to simulated streamflow shift from the reference period (1960–1989) to the evaluation period (1990–2014). Comparison against no selection shows that an informed selection of ensemble members improves the quantification of climate change impacts. However, the selection method matters, with model selection based on hindcasted climate or streamflow alone is misleading, while methods that maintain the diversity and information content of the full ensemble are favorable. Prior to carrying out climate impact assessments, we propose splitting the long-term historical data and using it to test climate model performance, sub-selection methods, and their agreement in reproducing the indicator of interest, which further provide the expectable benchmark of near- and far-future impact assessments. This test is well-suited to be applied in multi-basin experiments to obtain better understanding of uncertainty propagation and more universal recommendations regarding uncertainty reduction in hydrological impact studies.
“Everybody has to get a Chance to Learn”: Democratic Aspects of Digitalisation in Preschool
Authors: Enochsson Ann-Britt , Ribaeus Katarina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the ways in which curriculum goals on digitalisation are viewed in relation to the overarching democratic mission of Swedish preschools. Groups of preschool staff from three preschools located in different areas were interviewed with the focus on how they discuss democracy and the democratic aspects ofdigital toolsand children’sdigital competence, which are concepts used in the curriculum. Collective mind maps – constructed by the participants – were used as focal points in the interviews. The analysis centres on the content of these discussions, but also touches on the ways in which the groups communicated. The findings show that the groups from the three preschools expressed very different views on using digital tools and developing preschoolers’ digital competence, and that these views corresponded with their general views on democracy. The ways in which the groups expressed their views of democracy are also reflected in their discussions with each other. Preschool teachers’ and childcare workers’ own lack of digital competence is mentioned briefly as a reason for not using digital devices by the group using them the least, but this does not seem to be the main reason for their infrequent use of digital media with the children.
Moroccan City Festivals, Cultural Diplomacy and Urban Political Agency
Authors: Dines Nick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, cultural festivals have been established and consolidated in cities across Morocco. Their proliferation has coincided with the reign of Mohammed VI, well known as an enthusiastic and extremely wealthy patron of the arts, and the concomitant state-controlled democratization of Moroccan politics and society. Drawing on two examples—the Marrakech International Film Festival and the Mawazine music festival in Rabat—this article interrogates the ways in which festivals and the urban scale combine to function as vehicles for cultural diplomacy. Contra the common tendency in recent policy debates that perceive the city (with or without its administration) as an active agent in translocal cultural relations, I argue for a more nuanced perspective that understands the urban festival as a diplomatic platform through which the cultural politics of the state are rescaled and where a range of actors contest ideas about the local, national and global trajectories of society and cultural life.
Accounting for differences in income inequality across countries: tax-benefit policy, labour market structure, returns and demographics
Authors: Sologon Denisa M. , Van Kerm Philippe , Li Jinjing , O’Donoghue Cathal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for studying international differences in the distribution of household income. Integrating micro-econometric and micro-simulation approaches in a decomposition analysis, it quantifies the role of tax-benefit systems, employment and occupational structures, labour and financial market returns, and demographic composition in accounting for differences in income inequality across countries. Building upon EUROMOD (the European tax-benefit calculator) and its harmonised datasets, the model is portable and can be implemented for cross-country comparisons between any participating country. An application to the UK and Ireland—two countries that have much in common while displaying different levels of inequality—shows that differences in tax-benefit rules between the two countries account for over one third of the observed difference in disposable household income inequality. Demographic differences play negligible roles. The Irish tax-benefit system is more redistributive than UK’s due to a higher tax progressivity and higher average transfer rates. These are largely attributable to policy parameter differences, but also to differences in pre-tax, pre-transfer income distributions.
Crystallization behavior of ternary γ–γ′ Co–Al–W alloy
Authors: Migas Damian , Gradoń Paweł , Mikuszewski Tomasz , Moskal Grzegorz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the investigation, crystallization behavior of ternary γ–γ′ alloy based on Co–Al–W system was analyzed. The alloy with nominal composition Co–9Al–9W (at.%) was prepared via vacuum induction melting. Solidification characteristics of the investigated superalloy were obtained by a method of thermal analysis based on temperature measurement of metal solidifying in a mold. After casting, obtained metallic materials were investigated by differential thermal analysis in order to determine characteristic temperatures and compare results with those of obtained in the first thermal analysis. Furthermore, a description of primary microstructure was performed for ingots solidified with two different cooling rates. The analysis was made using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization path of alloy was investigated. The solidification range of alloy was narrow. The crystallization in a sand mold resulted in the dendritic microstructure containing γ single phase. The as-cast microstructure after solidification with higher cooling rate was comparable; however, observed crystals were mostly columnar, while sand cast was characterized by equiaxed crystals structure.
Employment effects of payroll tax subsidies
Authors: Collischon Matthias , Cygan-Rehm Kamila , Riphahn Regina T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper exploits several reforms of wage subsidies in the framework of the German Minijob program to investigate substitution and complementarity relationships between subsidized and non-subsidized labor demand. We apply an instrumental variables approach and use administrative data on German establishments for the period 1999–2014. Particularly in small establishments (0–9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40%. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment relationships just in small establishments. This represents an unintended and harmful consequence of the Minijob subsidy.
Remembering events and representing time
Authors: Boyle Alexandria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpisodic memory—memory for personally experienced past events—seems to afford a distinctive kind of cognitive contact with the past. This makes it natural to think that episodic memory is centrally involved in our understanding of what it is for something to be in the past, or to be located in time—that it is either necessary or sufficient for such understanding. If this were the case, it would suggest certain straightforward evidential connections between temporal cognition and episodic memory in nonhuman animals. In this paper, I argue that matters are more complicated than this. Episodic memory is memory for events and not for the times they occupy. As such, it is dissociable from temporal understanding. This is not to say that episodic memory and temporal cognition are unrelated, but that the relationship between them cannot be straightforwardly captured by claims about necessity and sufficiency. This should inform our theoretical predictions about the manifestations of episodic memory in nonhuman behaviour.
Every Country for Itself and the Central Bank for Us All?
Authors: Neck R. , Blueschke D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper used a small stylized nonlinear three-country macroeconomic model of a monetary union to analyse the interactions between fiscal (governments) and monetary (common central bank) policymakers. The three fiscal players were divided into a financially stable core and a less stable periphery. The periphery itself consisted of two players with different perceptions of the trade-off between fiscal stability and output growth. Using the OPTGAME algorithm, solutions were calculated for two game strategies: one cooperative (Pareto optimal) and one non-cooperative game type (the Nash game for the feedback information pattern). Introducing a negative demand shock, the performance of different coalition options between players were analysed. A higher level of cooperation leads in general to a better overall outcome of the game, however, with highly varying burdens to be borne by the players.
Measurement of Quality of Life in Spanish Regions
Authors: de Maya Matallana Manuel , López-Martínez María , Riquelme-Perea Prudencio José 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present paper measures quality of life through a set of dimensions included in the following partial indicators of objective well-being: demography, economic endowment, academic training, employment, health, cultural goods, environment, housing habitability, security and family. Additionally, and independently, subjective well-being is studied to measure the degree of happiness of the population. As a result, a quality of life indicator is obtained that combines both objective and subjective indicators. The methodology used corresponds to that provided by Pena Trapero through the distance measure DP2, which has been widely used in many empirical studies on well-being and quality of life. Among the results obtained, it is worth noting that happiness diminishes as per capita income grows, and that prosperity, understood as social welfare, can be achieved without relying exclusively on material growth. Thus, the Spanish development model must be revised since the material objectives and economic growth do not guarantee the happiness of the population.
Language-based translation and prediction of surgical navigation steps for endoscopic wayfinding assistance in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Bieck Richard , Heuermann Katharina , Pirlich Markus , Neumann Juliane , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the context of aviation and automotive navigation technology, assistance functions are associated with predictive planning and wayfinding tasks. In endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, however, assistance so far relies primarily on image-based localization and classification. We show that navigation workflows can be described and used for the prediction of navigation steps.

Methods
A natural description vocabulary for observable anatomical landmarks in endoscopic images was defined to create 3850 navigation workflow sentences from 22 annotated functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) recordings. Resulting FESS navigation workflows showed an imbalanced data distribution with over-represented landmarks in the ethmoidal sinus. A transformer model was trained to predict navigation sentences in sequence-to-sequence tasks. The training was performed with the Adam optimizer and label smoothing in a leave-one-out cross-validation study. The sentences were generated using an adapted beam search algorithm with exponential decay beam rescoring. The transformer model was compared to a standard encoder-decoder-model, as well as HMM and LSTM baseline models.

Results
The transformer model reached the highest prediction accuracy for navigation steps at 0.53, followed by 0.35 of the LSTM and 0.32 for the standard encoder-decoder-network. With an accuracy of sentence generation of 0.83, the prediction of navigation steps at sentence-level benefits from the additional semantic information. While standard class representation predictions suffer from an imbalanced data distribution, the attention mechanism also considered underrepresented classes reasonably well.

Conclusion
We implemented a natural language-based prediction method for sentence-level navigation steps in endoscopic surgery. The sentence-level prediction method showed a potential that word relations to navigation tasks can be learned and used for predicting future steps. Further studies are needed to investigate the functionality of path prediction. The prediction approach is a first step in the field of visuo-linguistic navigation assistance for endoscopic minimally invasive surgery.
Schulformen und sozioökonomischer Erfolg im jungen Erwachsenenalter: Werden unterschiedliche Ausbildungswege auf dem Arbeitsmarkt gleich honoriert?
Authors: Becker Michael , Tetzner Julia , Baumert Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungInwiefern der Besuch unterschiedlicher Schulformen Lernen und Bildungsverläufe beeinflusst, ist ein vieldiskutiertes Thema. Arbeiten zu Effekten der Schulformen für den Erfolg auf dem Arbeitsmarkt liegen jedoch bislang nur wenige vor. Hier setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an, in dem in einer längsschnittlichen Perspektive (N = 5292 Personen) überprüft wird, welche Effekte der Besuch unterschiedlicher Schulformen in der Sekundarstufe (vom Beginn der 7. Klasse) auf spätere berufliche Merkmale (Berufsprestige, Einkommen und Arbeitslosigkeit im Alter von knapp 31 Jahren) aufweist. Die Ergebnisse weisen prima facie auf Unterschiede zwischen Schulformen hin, aber ein Großteil der Effekte lässt sich durch schulische bzw. berufliche Abschlüsse, sowie individuelle und soziale Hintergrundunterschiede erklären. Zumindest für das Einkommen und Arbeitslosigkeit erscheinen vor allem die schulischen und beruflichen Abschlüsse maßgebend. Der Effekt des Besuchs der Hauptschule im Vergleich zu anderen Schulformen bleibt jedoch mit einem niedrigeren Berufsprestige assoziiert, auch unter zusätzlicher Kontrolle des individuellen und sozialen Hintergrundes. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass unterschiedliche Wege durch die Schulformen der Sekundarstufe auf dem Arbeitsmarkt partiell differenziell entlohnt werden: nicht für das Einkommen und Erwerbslosigkeit, aber für den beruflichen Status.
EOQ inventory model for perishable products under uncertainty
Authors: Patriarca R. , Di Gravio G. , Costantino F. , Tronci M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerishable products require accurate inventory control models as their effect on operations management can be critical. This assumption is particularly relevant in highly uncertain and dynamic markets, as for the ones generated by the pandemic era. This paper presents an inventory control model for perishable items with a demand rate variable over time, and dependent on the inventory rate. The model also considers the potential for backlogging and lost sales. Imperfect product quality is included, and deterioration is modelled as a time-dependent variable. The framework envisages the possibility to define variables affected by uncertainty in terms of probability distribution functions, which are then jointly managed via a Monte Carlo simulation. This paper is intended to provide an analytical formulation to deal with uncertainty and time-dependent inventory functions to be used for a variety of perishable products. The formulation is designed to support decision-making for the identification of the optimal order quantity. A numerical example exemplifies the outcomes of the paper and provides a cost-based sensitivity analysis to understand the role of main parameters.