bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The applications of machine learning in plastic and reconstructive surgery: protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Mantelakis Angelos , Khajuria Ankur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, is a set of models and methods that can automatically detect patterns in vast amounts of data, extract information and use it to perform various kinds of decision-making under uncertain conditions. This can assist surgeons in clinical decision-making by identifying patient cohorts that will benefit from surgery prior to treatment. The aim of this review is to evaluate the applications of machine learning in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods
A literature review will be undertaken of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL (1990 up to September 2019) to identify studies relevant for the review. Studies in which machine learning has been employed in the clinical setting of plastic surgery will be included. Primary outcomes will be the evaluation of the accuracy of machine learning models in predicting a clinical diagnosis and post-surgical outcomes. Secondary outcomes will include a cost analysis of those models. This protocol has been prepared using the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines.

Discussion
This will be the first systematic review in available literature that summarises the published work on the applications of machine learning in plastic surgery. Our findings will provide the basis of future research in developing artificial intelligence interventions in the specialty.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019140924
Some properties of pre-quasi norm on Orlicz sequence space
Authors: Bakery Awad A. , Elmatty Afaf R. Abou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the concept of pre-quasi norm onE(Orlicz sequence space), which is more general than the usual norm, and give the conditions onEequipped with the pre-quasi norm to be Banach space. We give the necessity and sufficient conditions onEequipped with the pre-quasi norm such that the multiplication operator defined onEis a bounded, approximable, invertible, Fredholm, and closed range operator. The components of pre-quasi operator ideal formed by the sequence ofs-numbers andEis strictly contained for different Orlicz functions are determined. Furthermore, we give the sufficient conditions onEequipped with a pre-modular such that the pre-quasi Banach operator ideal constructed bys-numbers andEis simple and its components are closed. Finally the pre-quasi operator ideal formed by the sequence ofs-numbers andEis strictly contained in the class of all bounded linear operators, whose sequence of eigenvalues belongs toE.
Existence of positive solutions for nonlocal problems with indefinite nonlinearity
Authors: Qian Xiaotao , Chao Wen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following new nonlocal problem: $$\left \{ \textstyle\begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} - (a-b\int_{\varOmega} \vert \nabla u \vert ^{2}\,dx )\Delta u=\lambda f(x) \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u, & x\in\varOmega,\\u=0, & x\in\partial\varOmega, \end{array}\displaystyle \right . $${−(a−b∫Ω|∇u|2dx)Δu=λf(x)|u|p−2u,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈∂Ω, where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$R3, $a,b>0$a,b>0 are constants, $3< p<6$3<p<6, and the parameter $\lambda>0$λ>0. Under some assumptions on the sign-changing function f, we obtain the existence of positive solutions via variational methods.
Certain fractional conformable inequalities for the weighted and the extended Chebyshev functionals
Authors: Tassaddiq Asifa , Rahman Gauhar , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Samraiz Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this present paper is to establish fractional conformable inequalities for the weighted and extended Chebyshev functionals. We present some special cases of our main result in terms of the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator and classical inequalities.
Enhanced plumbagin production in Plumbago indica root culture by simultaneous and sequential dual elicitations using chitosan with ʟ-alanine and methyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Jaisi Amit , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous and sequential dual elicitation effect on plumbagin production in Plumbago indica L. root cultures, revealed that combination of chitosan (150 mg L−1) with ʟ-alanine (5 mM) or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD; 2 mM) significantly increased plumbagin production, but in the different treatment manners. The simultaneous treatment using chitosan + ʟ-alanine on a 14-day-old culture enhanced plumbagin production to 14.62 mg g−1 DW, while the sequential additions of MCD to a 12-day-old culture followed by chitosan after 48 h enhanced production of plumbagin to 14.33 mg g−1 DW. The plumbagin productivity from both treatments were up to 1.3- and 8-fold higher than the chitosan treated (10.93 mg g−1 DW) and untreated root cultures (1.76 mg g−1 DW). Moreover, the present studies provided new information on the effect of simultaneous and sequential elicitation on plumbagin-producing P. indica root cultures using chitosan in combinations with MCD or ʟ-alanine.
Open to the public: paywalls and the public rationale for open access medical research publishing
Authors: Day Suzanne , Rennie Stuart , Luo Danyang , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPublic voices have largely been absent from the discussions about open access publishing in medical research. Yet the public have a strong interest in ensuring open access of medical research findings because of their roles as funders, advocates, research participants, and patients. By limiting access to research outputs, the current publishing system makes it more difficult for research to be held accountable to the public. Paywalls undermine the work of public advocacy, which requires open access in order to lobby for policy changes and research funding. Research participants generously give their time and energy to research studies with the assumption that the results will be broadly disseminated. Finally, members of the public have a stake in open access publishing as a resource for health information and decision-making. This commentary explores these crucial roles of the public in order to develop a public rationale for open access medical research. We outline a critique of the current academic publishing ecosystem, re-focus the open access debate from a public perspective, and respond to some of the arguments against public open access. Although open access to medical research is not a panacea, removing paywalls and other barriers to public access is essential. The public are critical stakeholders of medical research data.
Development and validation of an interpretive guide for PROMIS scores
Authors: Rothrock Nan E. , Amtmann Dagmar , Cook Karon F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Accurate score interpretation is required for the appropriate use of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice.

Objective
To create and evaluate figures (T-score Maps) to facilitate the interpretation of scores on Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures.

Methods
For 21 PROMIS® short forms, item-level information was used to predict the most probable responses to items for the range of possible scores on each short form. Predicted responses were then “mapped” graphically along the range of possible scores. In a previously conducted longitudinal study, 1594 adult participants with chronic conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis) responded to four items each of a subset of these PROMIS short forms. Participants’ responses to these items were compared to those predicted by the T-score Maps. Difference scores were calculated between observed and predicted scores, and Spearman correlations were calculated.

Results
We constructed T-score Maps for 21 PROMIS short forms for adults and pediatric self- and parent-proxy report. For the clinical population, participants’ actual responses were strongly correlated with their predicted responses (r = 0.762 to 0.950). The majority of predicted responses exactly matched observed responses (range 69.5% to 85.3%).

Conclusion
Results support the validity of the predicted responses used to construct T-score Maps. T-score Maps are ready to be tested as interpretation aids in a variety of applications.
Successful long-term remission through tapering tocilizumab infusions: a single-center prospective study
Authors: Ladhari Chayma , Le Blay Pierre , Vincent Thierry , Larbi Ahmed , Rubenstein Emma , Lopez Rosanna Ferreira , Jorgensen Christian , Pers Yves-Marie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Strategic drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with prolonged remission is not well defined. According to recent guidelines, tapering biological Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) may be considered. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term maintenance of tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment after the progressive tapering of infusions.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory, prospective, single-center, open-label study, on RA patients with sustained remission of at least 3 months and treated with TCZ infusions every 4 weeks. The initial re-treatment interval was extended to 6 weeks for the first 3 months. Thereafter, the spacing between infusions was determined by the clinician. Successful long-term maintenance following the tapering of TCZ infusions was defined by patients still treated after two years by TCZ with a minimum dosing interval of 5 weeks.

Results
Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study. Eight out of thirteen were still treated by TCZ after two years. Successful long-term maintenance was possible in six patients, with four patients maintaining a re-treatment interval of 8-weeks or more. We observed 5 patients with TCZ withdrawal: one showing adverse drug reaction (neutropenia) and four with secondary failure. Patients achieving successful long-term maintenance with TCZ were significantly younger than those with secondary failure (p < 0.05). In addition, RA patients with positive rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, experienced a significantly greater number of flares during our 2-year follow-up (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
A progressive tapering of TCZ infusions may be possible for many patients. However, larger studies, including more patients, are needed to confirm this therapeutic option.

Trial registration
NCT02909998. Date of registration: October 2008.
Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways
Authors: Suluba Emmanuel , Shuwei Liu , Xia Qing , Mwanga Ally 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.Main bodyThe etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.ConclusionThe multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
Effect of melatonin supplementation in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to miR-210 and CD44 expression and clinical response improvement in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kartini Diani , Taher Akmal , Panigoro Sonar Soni , Setiabudy Rianto , Jusman Sri Widia , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Abdullah Murdani , Rustamadji Primariadewi , Purwanto Denni Joko , Sutandyo Noorwati , Suroyo Indrati , Siregar Budi Harapan , Maruli Haris , Sungkar Saleha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy. Surgery is mainstay treatment for oral cancers. Surgery in locally advanced OSCC presents many challenges primarily because the head and neck have critical structures that can be damaged by tumor or treatment. It is thought that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) in locally advanced OSCC is able to shrink tumor size. Chemoresistancy is a problem due to hypoxic microenvironment characterized by increased expression of HIF-1α. It is also regulated by miR-210 as well as increased expression of CD44 and CD133. Melatonin has a powerful antioxidant and oncostatic effects that are expected to improve tumor hypoxia and clinical response. Fifty patients with OSCC were included and randomized. miR-210 and CD44 expression were measured before and after intervention using qRT-PCR absolute quantification, and clinical response was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. This study aims to determine the effect of melatonin in improving the clinical response of patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to miR-210 and CD44 expression.ResultsMelatonin administration reduced miR-210 levels but not significant (p= 0.767). CD44 expression also decreased in the melatonin group compared with placebo yet was not significant (p= 0.103). There was a decrease in the expression of miR-210 and CD44 followed by a decrease in the percentage of residual tumor but not significant (p= 0.114).ConclusionIn OSCC, the addition of 20-mg melatonin to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) reduced the expression of miR-210 and CD44 and decreased the percentage of tumor residue; however, no statistically significant result was observed.Trial registrationThis study is registered toClinicalTrials.govunder trial registration number: NCT04137627 with date of registration on October 22, 2019—retrospectively registered, accessible from:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04137627
Evidence-based prescribing for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. , Baker Amy , Dekker William , Hoskins Mathew D. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThere is strong research evidence to support the pharmacological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a second line to trauma-focused psychological interventions. Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and venlafaxine are the best-evidenced drugs, with lower-level evidence for other medications. It is important that prescribing for PTSD is evidence-based.
A validation study of the International Trauma Questionnaire to assess post-traumatic stress disorder in treatment-seeking veterans
Authors: Murphy Dominic , Shevlin Mark , Pearson Emily , Greenberg Neil , Wessely Simon , Busuttil Walter , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundVeterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) typically report a poorer treatment response than those who have not served in the Armed Forces. A possible explanation is that veterans often present with complex symptoms of PTSD. ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD) have not previously been explored in a military sample.AimsThis study aimed to validate the only measure of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD, the International Trauma Questionnaire, and assess the rates of the disorder in a sample of treatment-seeking UK veterans.MethodA sample of help-seeking veterans (N = 177) was recruited from a national charity in the UK that provides clinical services to veterans. Participants completed measures of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD as well as childhood and adult traumatic life events. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the latent structure of PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, and rates of the disorders were estimated.ResultsThe majority of the participants (70.7%) reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of either PTSD or CPTSD. Results indicated the presence of two separate disorders, with CPTSD being more frequently endorsed (56.7%) than PTSD (14.0%). CPTSD was more strongly associated with childhood trauma than PTSD.ConclusionsThe International Trauma Questionnaire can adequately distinguish between PTSD and CPTSD within clinical samples of veterans. There is a need to explore the effectiveness of existing and new treatments for CPTSD in military personnel.
Characterization of Structure and Catalytic Activity of a Complex between Heme and an All Parallel-Stranded Tetrameric G-Quadruplex Formed from DNA/RNA Chimera Sequence d(TTA)r(GGG)dT
Authors: Hayasaka Kosuke , Shibata Tomokazu , Sugahara Aya , Momotake Atsuya , Matsui Toru , Neya Saburo , Ishizuka Takumi , Xu Yan , Yamamoto Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An all-parallel tetrameric G-quadruplex formed from a DNA/RNA chimera sequence, d(TTA)r(GGG)d(T) ([Chimera(7mer)]4), and its interaction with heme have been characterized. [Chimera(7mer)]4 was found to be remarkably more stable compared with a G-quadruplex formed from its DNA counterpart d(TTAGGGT), ([DNA(7mer)]4), despite the structural similarity between them, and the increased stability of [Chimera(7mer)]4 is likely to be due to the formation of interstrand hydrogen bonds between the rG5 2′-OH and rG6 amino NH2 groups. Heme bound selectively to the 3′-terminal G-quartet (rG6 G-quartet) in the rG6dT7 step of [Chimera(7mer)]4 did not exhibit the heme orientational disorder resulting from the formation of two isomers possessing heme orientations differing by 180° rotation about the pseudo-C2 axis, with respect to the interacting G-quartet, although it is a general feature of heme-DNA complexes. In a complex between heme and [Chimera(7mer)]4, the predominance of one isomer in the heme orientational disorder over the other one is possibly due to contacts between the rG6 2′-OH group of the G-quartet and heme side chain ones. Peroxidase activity of heme bound to a G-quartet was found to be independent of the presence of the 2′-OH group in the ribose of the constituent units of the G-quartet.
Supercritical lens array in a centimeter scale patterned with maskless UV lithography
Authors: Zhu Xufeng , Fang Wei , Lei Jian , Li Zhangyin , Xie Fei , Cao Yaoyu , Zhang Yaping , Qin Fei , Li Xiangping 
Published: February 2020

Microlens arrays (MLAs) are widely used in optical imaging, dense wavelength division multiplexing, optical switching, and microstructure patterning, etc. However, the light modulation capability for both the conventional refractive-type MLA and planar diffractive-type MLA is still staying at the diffraction-limited scale. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high numerical aperture (NA) supercritical lens (SCL) array which could achieve a sub-diffraction-limited focal spot lattice in the far field. The intensity distribution for all the focal spots has good uniformity with the lateral size around

0.45

λ

/

N
A

(0.75X Airy unit). The elementary unit in the SCL array composes a series of concentric belts with a feature size in micrometer scale. By utilizing an ultrafast ultraviolet lithography technique, a centimeter scale SCL array could be successfully patterned within 10 mins. Our results may provide possibilities for the applications in optical nanofabrication, super-resolution imaging, and ultrafine optical manipulation.
A Educação no Campo e as Práticas Metodológicas /
Authors: Back Giselle Pupim Jorge , Teixeira Maria Ilmalucia 
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo proporciona uma discussão acerca da produção e correção textual em atividades propiciadas por meio do desenvolvimento de um plano de ação aplicado no V Seminário do Campo realizado pelas escolas do campo do polo/sede de Alta Floresta no Estado de Mato Grosso, cujo objetivo foi garantir oportunidades para o diálogo, a troca de experiências e o aprofundamento da teoria, favorecendo a consolidação dos conhecimentos e integração do grupo para professores que atuam no Ensino Fundamental na educação do campo. A pesquisa foi realizada com dezessete professores que atuam nas turmas de primeiro ao nono ano. Como referencial teórico foi utilizado livros, revistas e internet com autores como Bakthin (1997), Geraldi (2004), Jolibert (1994), Machado (2007), Marcuschi (2001), Matencio (2001), Miller (1998), dentre outros. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo utilizou como coleta de dados dois questionários respondidos em períodos diferentes com o mesmo público. Através da pesquisa percebeu-se que a formação ofertada apresentou resultado positivo contribuindo significativamente para a prática em sala de aula.
A Importância do Letramento para as Práticas Alfabetizadoras / The Importance of Literacy for the Learning Practices
Authors: Bezerra Francislene Fernandes , Alves Maria da Conceição , Sales Wisla Barbosa da Silva 
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo visa explanar acerca da relevância do letramento como uma prática de alfabetizar o aluno. Conceituando o que consiste alfabetização e letramento, contrapondo os seus conceitos diversos, demonstrando a necessidade de implementar o letramento como método de alfabetizar, como um método inovador na forma de educar. Ressaltando ademais que ambos devem ser aplicados em conjunto, uma vez que não pode falar em alfabetizar sem utilizar o letramento como meio para tal fim. São práticas inseparáveis que devem ser aplicadas pelo educador. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho é uma abordagem qualitativa, através de análise de livros, textos, artigos sobre a temática, constituindo uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Diante do estudo em apreço, percebeu-se que o letramento têm sua indispensabilidade verídica na construção da alfabetização do aluno, que o letramento em conjunto com a alfabetização abre caminhos para a formação intelectual do ser humano, ofertando para estes a compreensão do que está adquirindo de conhecimento, sobre o que está lendo e escrevendo. Palavras-chave: Letramento. Alfabetização. Educação.