bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coccolith volume of the Southern Ocean coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi as a possible indicator for palaeo‐cell volume
Authors: Müller Marius N. , Brandini Frederico P. , Trull Thomas W. , Hallegraeff Gustaaf M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoccolithophores are a key functional phytoplankton group and produce minute calcite plates (coccoliths) in the sunlit layer of the pelagic ocean. Coccoliths significantly contribute to the sediment record since the Triassic and their geometry have been subject to palaeoceanographic and biological studies to retrieve information on past environmental conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of coccolith, coccosphere and cell volume data of the Southern Ocean Emiliania huxleyi ecotype A, subject to gradients of temperature, irradiance, carbonate chemistry and macronutrient limitation. All tested environmental drivers significantly affect coccosphere, coccolith and cell volume with driver‐specific sensitivities. However, a highly significant correlation emerged between cell and coccolith volume with Vcoccolith = 0.012 ± 0.001 * Vcell + 0.234 ± 0.066 (n = 23, r2 = .85, p < .0001, σest = 0.127), indicating a primary control of coccolith volume by physiological modulated changes in cell volume. We discuss the possible application of fossil coccolith volume as an indicator for cell volume/size and growth rate and, additionally, illustrate that macronutrient limitation of phosphorus and nitrogen has the predominant influence on coccolith volume in respect to other environmental drivers. Our results provide a solid basis for the application of coccolith volume and geometry as a palaeo‐proxy and shed light on the underlying physiological reasons, offering a valuable tool to investigate the fossil record of the coccolithophore E. huxleyi.
Introducing the National Headache Fellowship Opportunities Website
Authors: Zhang Niushen , Armand Cynthia E. , Berk Thomas , Rosen Noah 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo build a national Headache Medicine fellowship opportunities website that promotes a unified application timeline and a more transparent application process.BackgroundIn July 2019, the Consortium of Academic Headache Program Directors unanimously accepted the recommendations of the American Academy of Neurology Fellowship Application Timing Position Statement. To implement the unified application timeline, the American Headache Society agreed to host a fellowship opportunities website with information on the application process and resources for each fellowship program.MethodsWe designed a main landing page that features the unified timeline for applications and offers. The page also features icons for all participating US fellowship programs (identified using the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties certification database). The icons serve as links to each fellowship program’s individual webpage. We sent an electronic form to each fellowship program director, asking them to submit program information to be included on each fellowship program’s individual webpage. Key contents on each program webpage include an image of the program, brief program description, names of applicants who have filled positions, and open positions. Each institution webpage also includes an electronic form that allows applicants to directly send their name, contact, and a brief message to the program director.ResultsWe launched the website on May 15, 2020. As of June 19, 2020, the website featured 24 participating headache fellowship programs, including 5 pediatric programs and 19 adult training programs, from all regions of the US.ConclusionThe website serves as a central resource for Headache Medicine fellowship applicants and promotes a unified application timeline and a more transparent application process.
Cardiac chamber volumes and left ventricular mass in people living with HIV and matched uninfected controls
Authors: Krebs‐Demmer L , Ronit A , Sigvardsen PE , Lebech A‐M , Gerstoft J , Knudsen AD , Fuchs A , Kühl JT , Nordestgaard BG , Kofoed KF , Nielsen SD 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk of cardiovascular diseases compared with uninfected populations. We assessed structural cardiac abnormalities and their associated risk factors in well‐treated PLWH and uninfected controls using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).MethodsPeople living with HIV and age‐ and sex‐matched uninfected controls underwent MDCT to determine left atrial volume (LAV), left ventricular diastolic volume (LVDV), right ventricular diastolic volume (RVDV) and left ventricular mass (LVM). All outcomes were indexed to body surface area (BSA) (LAVi, LVDVi, RVDVi and LVMi).ResultsA total of 592 PLWH and 1184 uninfected controls were included in the study. PLWH had smaller mean (SD) LAVi [40 (8) vs. 41 (9) mL/m2; P = 0.002] and LVDVi [61 (13) vs. 65 (14) mL/m2; P < 0.001] but larger RVDVi [89 (18) vs. 86 (17) mL/m2; P < 0.001] than uninfected controls. HIV was independently associated with 7 mL (95% CI: −10 to −3) smaller LVDV, and with 12 mL (95% CI: 8–16) larger RVDV, and 4 g (95% CI: 1–6) larger LVM after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and BSA. Large RVDV in PLWH was not associated with obstructive lung function.ConclusionsHIV was independently associated with smaller LVDV and larger RVDV and LVM. Alterations in cardiac chamber volumes in PLWH were mainly minor. The clinical impact of these findings is uncertain, but it seems unlikely that alterations in cardiac chamber volumes explain the increased burden of cardiovascular disease previously observed in PLWH.
Effect of preoperative oral administration of steroids in comparison to an anti‐inflammatory drug on postoperative pain following single‐visit root canal treatment – a double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Suresh N. , Nagendrababu V. , Koteeswaran V. , Haritha J. S. , Swetha S. D. , Varghese A. , Natanasabapathy V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis randomized, double‐blinded, clinical trial evaluated the effect of oral premedication of piroxicam, prednisolone, dexamethasone or placebo on postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal treatment in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.MethodologyThe trial is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020 guidelines. The protocol was registered at the clinical trial registry (India) (CTRI/2019/06/019818). In total, 160 patients, assigned to four groups, received orally either 20 mg piroxicam, 20 mg prednisolone, 4 mg dexamethasone or a placebo 60 min before root canal treatment. Patients recorded their postoperative pain intensity at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale. Intergroup comparison was performed using Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc analysis using Dunns test. Incidence of pain was analysed using chi‐square tests. APvalue < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the odds of postoperative pain, with incidence of pain as the dependent variable and intervention groups, gender, age and type of tooth as independent variables.ResultsIn total, 156 patients were analysed in the trial, since four patients dropped out during follow‐up. All drugs were associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pain compared to the placebo at 6 h (P = 0.009), 12 h (P = 0.003) and 24 h (P = 0.008). Mean intensity of pain was significantly more intense at 6, 12 and 24 h with the use of placebo in comparison to the other three intervention groups (P < 0.05). Intensity of pain was not significantly different between the premedications used (P > 0.05). One patient in the piroxicam group reported gastritis, whereas no adverse effects were recorded in other groups.ConclusionPreoperative oral administration of a single dose of 4 mg dexamethasone, 20 mg piroxicam or 20 mg prednisolone reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative pain following single‐visit root canal treatment compared to a placebo in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis up to 24 h. The odds of postoperative pain at 24 h for patients premedicated with 4 mg dexamethasone or 20 mg piroxicam or 20 mg prednisolone were 5.3 times, 3.4 times and 2.5 times less compared to the placebo, respectively.
Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three‐year‐old children of participants inUPBEAT, anRCTof a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity
Authors: Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Tydeman Florence A. S. , Taylor Paul D. , Flynn Angela C. , O'Keeffe Majella , Briley Annette L. , Santosh Paramala , Hayes Louise , Robson Stephen C. , Nelson Scott M. , Sattar Naveed , Whitworth Melissa K. , Mills Harriet L. , Singh Claire , Seed CStat Paul T. , White Sara L. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Godfrey Keith M. , Poston Lucilla ,   UPBEAT consortium
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundMaternal obesity is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk. UPBEAT was a randomised controlled trial of an antenatal diet and physical activity intervention in 1555 women with obesity. The intervention was associated with lower gestational weight gain, healthier diet and metabolic profile in pregnancy, and reduced infant adiposity at six months.ObjectiveWe have investigated whether the UPBEAT intervention influenced childhood cardiometabolic outcomes or was associated with sustained improvements in maternal lifestyle 3‐years after delivery.MethodsIn UPBEAT mother‐child dyads at the 3‐year follow‐up, we assessed childhood blood pressure, resting pulse rate, and adiposity (body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, body fat, waist and arm circumferences) and maternal diet, physical activity, and anthropometry.Results514 three‐year‐old children attended the appointment (49% intervention, 51% standard care). There was no difference in the main outcome of interest, subscapular skinfold thickness, between the trial arms (−0.30 mm, 95% confidence interval: −0.92, 0.31). However, the intervention was associated with a lower resting pulse rate (−5 bpm [−8.41, −1.07]). There was also a non‐significant lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR 0.73; 0.50, 1.08). Maternal dietary improvements observed in the UPBEAT trial, including glycaemic load and saturated fat were maintained 3‐years postpartum.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that an antenatal dietary and physical activity intervention in women with obesity is associated with lower offspring pulse rate and sustained improvement in maternal diet. Whilst larger than previous cohorts, there remains potential for bias from attrition and these findings require validation in future cohorts.
Victorian Lung Cancer Service Redesign Project: impacts of a quality improvement collaborative on timeliness and management in lung cancer
Authors: Largey Geraldine , Briggs Peter , Davies Heather , Underhill Craig , Ross Cara , Harvey Kellie , Blum Robert , Parker Carol , Guthrie Christal , Parente Phillip , Trevorah Brooke , Torres Javier , Mott Carole , Lancaster Cheryl , Brand Margaret , Earnest Arul , Pellegrini Breanna , Reed Marita , Zalcberg John , Stirling Rob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer management is characterised by a high disease burden, poor survival and substantial variation in management and outcomes. Service redesign provides opportunities for quality improvement (QI) and this improvement may be leveraged across multiple sites using QI collaboration.AimThis initiative targeted Quality Improvement (QI) in lung cancer management, engaging a QI collaborative using service redesign methodologies in five Victorian hospitals. QI targets included timeliness from referral and diagnosis to treatment, multi‐disciplinary meeting (MDM) presentation and supportive care screening. Redesign strategies targeted process sustainability through enhanced team capability.MethodsThis study engaged a prospective quality improvement cohort design targeting newly diagnosed tissue confirmed lung cancer with 6‐month pre‐intervention period and 6‐month redesign implementation period, between September 2016 and August 2017, evaluated using Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Hospital sites included three regional and two metropolitan hospitals in Victoria. QI redesign targeted time intervals from referral to first specialist appointment (FSA), referral to diagnosis, diagnosis to first treatment (any intent), MDM documented in medical records and Supportive Care Screening Tool documented in medical records.ResultsThere was a marked reduction in referral to FSA interval across all sites, with median (interquartile range) falling from 6 (0–15) to 4 (1–10) days, and proportion seen by a specialist within 14 days increased from 74.3% to 84.2%. The interval between diagnosis and treatment was not substantively changed in the 6‐month implementation period. The proportion of subjects with documented presentation to the MDM increased from 61% to 67%. The proportion for which Supportive Care Screening documentation remained low at 26.3% post‐intervention.ConclusionsData‐driven redesign initiatives enable identification and analysis of clinical practice variation and may be utilised to enhance timeliness of cancer care and improve local data service capabilities.
“Just see the person who is still a person (…) they still have feelings”: Qualitative description of the skills required to establish therapeutic alliance with patients with a diagnosis of dementia
Authors: McKenzie Ellen L. , Brown Patricia M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstablishing a relationship is considered the foundation of providing person‐centred care (PCC) when working with a person who has a diagnosis of dementia. Currently, there is a lack of consensus about the how to develop this relationship. This aim of this study was to explore the key skills adopted by clinicians to establish an effective care relationship, referred to as therapeutic alliance, specific to working with patients who have dementia. Participants were clinicians (nursing and allied health professionals) from two older person’s mental health service teams (inpatient and community) who routinely provided clinical care to patients with a diagnosis of dementia. Participants self‐selected from a purposive sample to complete a semi‐structured interview about their provision of care to, and strategies used to engage with, people with a diagnosis of dementia. Exploratory qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using mixed inductive and deductive procedures. Five themes were identified as the interpersonal skills used to develop relationships with patients including the following: empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence, psychological flexibility, and communication. Findings from this study provide direction for training of clinicians employed in a dementia setting and can also be generalized to other non‐specific clinical settings where clinicians may incidentally provide treatment to patients with a diagnosis of dementia.
Integrating nursing informatics into undergraduate nursing education in Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Harerimana A. , Wicking K. , Biedermann N. , Yates K. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundInformation and communication technologies have become omnipresent in healthcare systems globally, and since nurses comprise the majority of the health sector workforce, they are expected to be adequately skilled to work in a technology‐mediated environment. Integrating nursing informatics into undergraduate nursing education is a cornerstone to nursing education and practice in Africa.AimThis scoping review aimed to evidence the integration of nursing informatics into undergraduate nursing education in Africa.MethodsA scoping review of the literature used electronic databases including CINAHL Plus databases; EmCare; MEDLINE Ovid; Scopus; ERIC ProQuest; Web of Science; Google; and Google Scholar to locate papers specific to the African context. From a total of 8723 articles, 19 were selected for critique and synthesis.ResultsSelected studies indicated that nursing students used several information and communication technologies tools primarily for academic purposes, and rarely for clinical practice. In Africa, the challenges for teaching informatics in nursing education included: limited information and communication technologies skills among faculty and students; poor teaching strategies; and a lack of standardization of nursing informatics competencies. Successful integration of nursing informatics into undergraduate nursing education in African countries depends on restructuring nursing informatics content and teaching strategies, capacity building of the faculty and students in information and communication technologies, political commitment, and collaborative partnership.ConclusionNursing informatics is scarce in undergraduate nursing education in Africa due to the implementation and adoption challenges. Responding to these challenges requires a multi‐sectoral approach in the revision of undergraduate nursing curricula.Implication for nursing education, practice, policy and researchThis study highlights the importance of nursing informatics in undergraduate nursing education, with its challenges and success. Nursing education policies should support the development of well‐standardized nursing informatics content and appropriate teaching strategies to deliver it. Further research is needed to establish which aspects of nursing informatics are integrated into undergraduate nursing education and nursing practice, implementation process, challenges and possible solutions. Collaborative partnerships are vital to developing nursing informatics policies to better prepare graduate nurses for the African healthcare workforce in the digital era.
Elasticity of nanocrystalline kyanite at high pressure and temperature from ultrasonic and synchrotron X‐ray techniques
Authors: Gaida Nico A. , Gréaux Steeve , Kono Yoshio , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Kuwahara Hideharu , Nishiyama Norimasa , Beermann Oliver , Sasaki Takuya , Niwa Ken , Hasegawa Masashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaterial properties, such as elasticity data at wide‐ranging conditions of pressure and temperature, attract increasing attention for material and earth sciences. In particular, polycrystalline ceramics for next‐generation photonic applications are nowadays fabricated by advanced syntheses techniques operating under elevated pressures and temperatures. Herein, the elastic properties of a synthetic transparent and reinforced aluminosilicate nanoceramic composed of triclinic kyanite with minor amounts of trigonal α‐alumina crystals are investigated using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and ultrasonic techniques at high‐pressure (up to 11 GPa) and high‐temperature (300‐1500 K) conditions. This not only enables the determination of the equation of state (EoS) parameters by applying the pressure‐volume‐temperature (P‐V‐T) data to the high‐temperature Birch‐Murnaghan EoS but also yields the elastic moduli together with their P and T derivatives from the fit of the compressional and shear wave velocities to a finite strain EoS: KS0,300 = 186(2) GPa, K′S0,300 = 7.2(6), (∂KS0,300/∂T)P = −0.023(2) GPa K−1, G0,300 = 125(1) GPa G′0,300 = 2.3(2), (∂G0,300/∂T)P = −0.017(1) GPa K−1. On the basis of our acquired results, we propose to predict the elastic moduli of aluminosilicate ceramics by a linear function of the ratio of AlO6 octahedra and SiO4 tetrahedra within the constituting phases.
Dissensus, Street Art and School Change
Authors: Low Bronwen , Proietti Melissa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article draws upon Rancière’s concepts of the ‘distribution of the sensible’ and ‘dissensus’ in order to explore some of the tensions and processes at work in a multi‐year school change project that sought to transform a school through the ‘urban arts’. Building on student interest in extracurricular Hip‐Hop and street art programming, the school tried to integrate the urban arts across the curriculum through a partnership with local arts organisations and university researchers. While there were a number of project successes, the project also faced significant resistance, which in Rancière’s terms might be inevitable since the project tried to transform the dominant ways of doing and making in the school, displacing those who no longer saw themselves reflected. We understand the tensions in light of the disruptive power of street art and Hip‐Hop culture, but also as manifestations of antiblackness in education. Using data from a three‐year critical ethnography, we share a series of narrative vignettes which unpack the role of the visual arts in challenging the distribution of the sensible at the school, and offer insight into how teachers might have been better invited in as participants in dissensus.
Improving access to care through Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Focus on perinatal patients with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Ramage Melinda , Tak Casey , Goodman Daisy , Johnson Elisabeth , Barber Chasity , Jones Hendrée E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerinatal substance use disorders, and all of the associated sequelae, continue to be a national health crisis that is further impacted by shifts in access to obstetrical care, particularly in rural areas. Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) specifically presents as a medical condition for which evidence‐based guidelines support the use of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the form of Methadone or Buprenorphine for both non‐pregnant and pregnant women. However, the overall rates of access for those treatment modalities remain sparse. There is a public call to increase access to MOUD in the pregnant population affected by OUD. This article discusses the history of the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) and how across legislative differences, these professionals are perfectly positioned to answer this call.
Painlessly Killing Predators
Authors: Bramble Ben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimals suffer harms not only in human captivity but in the wild as well. Some of these latter harms are due to humans, but many of them are not. Consider, for example, the harms of predation, i.e. of being hunted, killed, and eaten by other animals. Should we intervene in nature to prevent these harms? In this article, I consider two possible ways in which we might do so: (1) by herbivorising predators (i.e. genetically modify them so that their offspring gradually evolve into herbivores) and (2) by painlessly killing predators. I argue that, among these options, painlessly killing predators would be preferable to herbivorising them. I then argue that painlessly killing predators, despite its costs to predators, might under certain circumstances be justifiable.