bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Science and Historiography in the Development of Transnational Environmental Law: A New History of the 1900 London Convention for the Preservation of African Wildlife
Authors: Hickling James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Historiographic studies of transnational environmental law (TEL) are increasingly relevant as scholars and practitioners search for ways in which to deliver more quickly and efficiently effective regulation that is responsive to global environmental issues. This article uses new and original archival research to better locate the Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa (1900 London Convention) in its legal-scientific historical context. Most of the scholarship on this topic draws on historian John M. MacKenzie's groundbreaking analysis of what he called ‘the hunting cult’ and its role in the imperial advance into India, Africa, and elsewhere. When viewed through the dual lens of legal history and the history of science, the late 19th and early 20th centuries represented a period of transition during which a new science-based perspective advanced by evolutionary biologists was embraced by science-minded policymakers, and expressed in domestic law and foreign policy aimed at the preservation of endangered species and the protection of biodiversity. The 1900 London Convention is an early example of a modern TEL instrument informed by science and by values that today most recognize as being critically important and universal. The new history in this article also resonates as an example of how polarizing political narratives can delay law reform and the importance of maintaining focus on collaborative problem solving and science-based regulation of complex transnational environmental issues.
The serum biomarkers NSE and S100B predict intracranial complications and in-hospital survival in patients undergoing veno-venous ECMO
Authors: Walther Janine , Schmandt Mathias , Muenster Stefan , Kreyer Stefan Franz X. , Thudium Marcus , Lehmann Felix , Zimmermann Julian , Putensen Christian , Schewe Jens-Christian , Weller Johannes , Ehrentraut Stefan Felix 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeurological complications in patients undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) are challenging, with new intracranial pathologies posing a grave risk. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B biomarkers for predicting outcomes in new-onset intracranial pathology during V-V ECMO. A retrospective analysis spanning 2013–2021 at a German university hospital was conducted. Cases with electronically available data on NSE and S100B serum levels, new intracranial pathologies (intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH], cerebral ischemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [HIE]), and survival during or after V-V ECMO were screened. The primary objective was to assess the prognostic value of NSE and S100B for in-hospital survival during V-V ECMO. Secondary objectives included analyzing clinical characteristics, outcome parameters, and biomarker distribution in V-V ECMO patients. Additionally, the prognostic value of NSE and S100B for in-hospital death and occurrence of intracranial pathology was calculated. Among 744 ECMO recipients, 426 underwent V-V ECMO. No significant differences in disease severity or organ failure scores were observed between groups, except for SAPS at discharge, which was higher in patients with new intracranial pathologies. Patients with new intracranial pathologies had lower median survival and higher in-hospital mortality. Weaning success from ECMO was also significantly reduced in these patients. Cut-off values of 58.4 µg/lfor NSE and 1.52 µg/l for S100B were associated with detrimental outcomes, characterized by significantly reduced median survival. A significant difference in maximum serum NSE concentration was found between patients with and without new intracranial pathology. All screened cases with new intracranial pathology had an unfavorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Score [mRS] > 3) at discharge, with a higher proportion having an mRS of 6 in the high NSE group. The emergence of intracranial pathology during V-V ECMO significantly increases the risk of death. Changes in NSE and S100B levels serve as valuable follow-up parameters for predicting new intracranial pathology and survival during V-V ECMO therapy.
Road safety management system optimization methodology
Authors: Assenova Silvia , Zlateva Plamena , Assenova Kamelia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, a traffic safety management system (TSMS) for asphalt surfaced roads is developed to improve safety on different classes of roads in Bulgaria. TSMS is a strategic and systematic procedure to improve traffic safety when funding is limited and it is important to determine the most appropriate combinations of traffic safety improvement projects to provide maximum benefits to the population in terms of reducing traffic accidents. The factors included in the developed optimization methodology are the annual report on traffic accidents of the National Institute of Statistics, a study of the roads, a functional classification of the same, historically established, countermeasures to improve safety, costs and determinants of crash reduction in relation to measures to positively modify safety and average daily traffic (ADT). This study demonstrates how the proposed model can determine the best combination of activities to increase safety in order to maximize the benefits in terms of reducing overall crash frequency. The proposed methodology has been applied to highways in Bulgaria. It can be modified for application to roads in a particular city, region and district.
Design and realization of self-tuned absorber control system
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Yunan , Guo Xiangying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A self-tuning vibration absorber is capable of adjusting its intrinsic frequency in real time to track the excitation frequency and achieve effective vibration control over a wide frequency range. In this study, a self-tuning vibration absorber control system based on STM32 is proposed. The system acquires vibration signals using MPU6050 sensors, calculates the vibration frequency in real time, and controls the motor rotation to achieve self-tuning vibration absorber control. The system employs the STM32F407ZGT6 as the core control chip and is designed in terms of the overall scheme, hardware circuit, and software. For hardware, the system uses the STM32F407 as the control core and the MPU6050 sensor to obtain vibration signals while controlling motor rotation using the TMC2209 motor driver chip. Keil μVision software is applied for program writing and debugging. The system mainly includes modules for data acquisition, signal processing, control algorithm, and drive output. The signal processing module employs the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, which can achieve fast frequency calculation and vibration frequency tracking. Finally, experiments verify the system’s feasibility and effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can accurately control the self-tuning vibration absorber, with excellent control performance and practicality.
Instability of three-body periodic collisionless equal-mass free-fall orbits
Authors: Hristov Ivan , Hristova Radoslava , Dmitrašinović Veljko , Tanikawa Kiyotaka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work is a continuation of our recent work Celest Mech Dyn Astron 136, 7, (2024). Here we give more details about the high-precision numerical methods used and present the results for the linear stability investigation of the found periodic orbits. The eigenvalues of the monodromy matrices for all periodic orbits are computed with high-precision and given with 30 correct digits. All found periodic orbits are unstable, more precisely they are of a hyperbolic-hyperbolic or a hyperbolic-elliptic type. This result gives rise to a hypothesis that the three-body periodic collisionless equal-mass free-fall orbits are unstable ones. The additionally made high-precision computations for the escape-times in the two dimensional initial conditions’ domain also support this hypothesis. A discussion in relation to chaos theory is held.
Object-Oriented Zero-Information-Optimised Product of Monte Carlo Integrations
Authors: Plachetka T , Bernát D , Bokes P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose an object-oriented Monte Carlo framework for computation of definite integrals with a primary focus on generality and simplicity, improving in find points existing software libraries. We introduce an optimised sampling method for a product of Monte Carlo integrations. The method does not require any a-priori knowledge of the integrands or the integration domains, and can be combined with other optimisation methods. Using our framework, we implement a naive uniform sampling method and the optimised one, and empirically compare them on the Monte Carlo computation of volumes of N-dimensional balls. The experiments confirm our theoretical expectations.
Refined Unbiased Stochastic Approach for Fredholm Integral Equations
Authors: Todorov Venelin , Georgiev Ivan , Chechev Milen , Dimitrov Yuri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integral equations are highly relevant across various fields such as applied mathematics, physics, engineering, geophysics, electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases, quantum mechanics, mathematical economics, and queuing theory. This underscores the importance of creating and examining efficient and dependable methods to solve integral equations. In the context of multidimensional issues, traditional biased stochastic algorithms, which rely on a finite set of integration points, are particularly challenged by the complexities of higher dimensionality. Therefore, it is critical to develop sophisticated unbiased algorithms to address these challenges, as discussed in this paper. We introduce and evaluate a novel unbiased stochastic approach for solving multidimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind.
Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Rob Floods in Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Hafli T Mudi , Mukhlis  , Fasdarsyah  , Malasyi Syibral , Sarana David , Akbar Soni Mulia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lhokseumawe City, one of the cities in Aceh, is situated close to a body of water with an area of 181.06 km2. Being in a coastal area, the city is highly susceptible to tidal flooding. The worst tidal flood in the area occurred on 26 May 2021, causing significant damage to residential areas. This study focuses on assessing the impact of sea level rise on the extent of tidal flood inundation and its consequences for residential areas along the coast of Lhokseumawe City. The analysis utilizes numerical modeling simulation carried out with the Delft3D application, specifically Delft3D-FLOW and Delft3D-WAVE. Data is input at several stages to model the inundation, resulting in the production of images, graphs, and animations. Three scenarios are considered for the inundation modeling: existing tidal flood conditions, a 25-year scenario, and a 50-year scenario. The simulation revealed extensive inundation under all scenarios, with the existing conditions covering 402,174 m2, the 25-year scenario covering 579,860 m2, and the 50-year scenario covering 737,188 m2 in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe City. Tidal floods, caused by extreme tidal waves, resulted in the flooding of numerous buildings along the city’s coast due to their high population density. The expanding inundation area poses a significant threat to the economy, especially to those whose livelihoods depend on the tourism sector. Serious measures are imperative to mitigate the expansion of the inundation area and its adverse economic impacts.
Maximum shear analysis of clay brick masonry structures for advanced design with bamboo diagonal reinforcement
Authors: Indriyantho Bobby Rio , Hidayat Banu Ardi , Tudjono Sri , Parasian Turnip Agwin Kennard , Arunaditya Ardi , Adhi Muliawan Muhammad Zulfikar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The traditional rural houses in Indonesia, constructed with clay brick masonry wall, lack the usage of detailed reinforced concrete frame. Therefore, in the event of an earthquake, numerous structures made of masonry walls experience a collapse. Clay brick masonry walls require alternative reinforcement that is both accessible and readily available, such as bamboo, which is abundant in rural regions of Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyse the behaviour of wall collapse under lateral stresses and assess the potential for enhancing the wall’s shear strength through the use of bamboo diagonal reinforcement. Bamboo is expected to be more advantageous for low-cost construction, replacing steel, particularly in the rural regions. The test findings are examined and inferences are made for the subsequent analysis phase. The analysis conducted involves the modelling of clay brick masonry walls, both with and without bamboo diagonal reinforcement, using the acquired data on material properties. The inclusion of bamboo diagonal reinforcement results in a 9.57% reduction in the principal stress at maximum normal stress.
Comparing the Pressure Containment Requirements of Three Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Concepts
Authors: Sant Tonio , Aquilina Luke , Cutajar Charise , Buhagiar Daniel , Baldacchino Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hydro-pneumatic energy storage has significant potential for being deployed subsea and co-located with offshore wind farms. The pressure containment storing the compressed air is the bulkiest and most expensive component of such a storage technology. This paper evaluates three different subsea hydro-pneumatic energy storage concepts, comparing their volumetric storage densities, the steel and concrete anchoring requirements and cost of the pressure containment. The pressure variation experienced by the pressure containment across the storage cycle for the three variants, which would impact the efficiency of energy conversion machinery, is also compared. It is shown that having separate accumulators, each designed for a different operating pressure, offers the potential of reducing the cost of the pressure containment by up to 40% as compared to that for the simple concept having a single accumulator. A novel approach is presented to achieve such cost reduction without constraining the energy conversion machinery to operate over a wider operating pressure range.
Electrifying Maritime Shipping: Evaluating the CO2 Reduction and Viability of Future Battery-Powered Container Ships Calling at the Port of Los Angeles
Authors: Wilson Jules , Carriveau Rupp , Hurley William , Babaei Reza , Ting David S-K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Maritime shipping plays a pivotal role in global logistics, influencing efficiency, emissions, and adaptability. This academic study envisions future electrified shipping fleets and evaluates the potential for CO2 reduction and the cost delta between grid electricity and marine fossil fuels using three types of container ships (5000-7999 TEU, 8000-11999 TEU, and 12000-14499 TEU). The scenario evaluated envisions an electrical charging infrastructure at the Port of Los Angeles, supported fully by wind and solar energy sources, to recharge future battery-powered ships. It is recognized that electric-powered ocean-going long-transit ships are not practical, but this study provides baseline groundwork to justify and support future development of hybrid or partially electric ships to help meet the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) target of a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions from the world’s shipping by 2050. Additionally, a real case study analysis of all container ships at POLA was conducted using container vessel activity to further evaluate the practical implications and benefits of this transition. This analysis underscores the significant electrical infrastructure investments required and highlights the potential economic challenges as well as the environmental benefits of integrating electric power into maritime operations.
Grand Cayman’s Goal of 70% Sustainable Electricity: A Case Study
Authors: Ebanks James , Friedrich Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Renewable energy sources are a key technology for reaching net zero carbon emissions and reducing the contribution to climate change, but there are challenges and consequences of integrating large amounts into a grid. Grand Cayman is a Caribbean island with abundant solar resources and an ambitious energy policy, but neither the effect of the grid nor the implementation of the energy policy has been publicly modelled and analysed as of yet. In this research, the grid was modelled, and two solutions were designed and compared. The first solution was composed of mainly solar PV and aimed to follow the national energy policy while the second attempted to offer a stable base-load by using OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). The goal was to increase the share of DG (Distrusted Generation) to 70% of the island’s total electricity while not decreasing power quality. Both resulted in an improved voltage magnitude, power losses, and branch limits compared to the existing grid. This research provides a groundwork for further investigation to examine minute fluctuations throughout the day or seasonal changes throughout the year.
Development Of Boundary Determination Method Using Virtual Technology
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Salshabila Hilda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Economic policies are essential in governance, including allocating village funds. An important factor in the distribution of this allocation, especially in the formula allocation, is the valid village area based on the clarity of inter-village boundaries. Different village administrative areas in each agency make it difficult to determine the reference for the allocation of village funds, so it is necessary to map accurate village boundaries to determine a valid area, as is the case in Pehserut Village, Sukomoro District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java. This research aims to map the boundaries of Pehserut Village using a hybrid combination of cartometric and participatory methods with internet-based media and virtual applications. The results show that mapping village boundaries using this method can be done effectively and efficiently. The boundary determination can be done at different times and places, while the agreement process is done at the same time but in different places. The results of the administrative area of Pehserut Village based on the RBI boundary of 2.718.323,207 m2 the Dukcapil boundary of 2.402.527,723 m2 the boundary of Pehserut Village of 2.286.952,358 m2 the boundary of the bordering village of 2.325.784,157 m2 the agreement boundary of 2.287.662,231 m2. The results of this research are presented in the form of a digital map of the Pehserut Village boundaries.
Study Of Mangrove Ecotourism Gunung Anyar And Medokan Sawah Using The Concept Of RRR (Right, Restriction, Responsibility)
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Nuraini Fathimah Farida 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 2018, the Surabaya City Government established the Kebun Raya Mangrove Surabaya as a form of conservation and as an implementation of the protection outlined in Regional Regulation Document Number 12 of 2014 on the Spatial Planning of Surabaya City for 2014-2034, which designates mangroves as a protected area in the form of ecotourism. In space utilization related to this area, the RRR (Right, Restriction, Responsibility) concept can be applied. The RRR concept is a land administration principle that provides a foundation for area management in terms of defining authority boundaries, responsibilities for management (Right and Responsibility), and management/utilization restrictions (Restriction). The importance of RRR in studying the utilization of the KRM Surabaya area is to emphasize licensing, boundaries with surrounding areas, and a sustainable environmental management system that can reduce conflicts and enhance positive aspects within the cadastral system. Through visual interpretation of aerial photos from 2016 and 2024 to identify changes in area size, analysis related to responsibility will be obtained, along with supporting data from relevant agencies to identify licensing and spatial planning boundaries. The result of this study is an analysis of the RRR concept in the utilization of the KRM Surabaya area.
Analysis of Deformation Along the Flores Back-Arc Thrust Using GPS Observation Data
Authors: Maulida Putra , Azza Laksono Safanata , Asis Herawati Yola , Rizkiya Putra , Kurniawan Akbar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is located on the World Plate and composed of several microblocks. One of the microblocks in Indonesia is along the Back-Arc Thrust of Flores, which is suspected to cause many earthquakes throughout 2022 in Bali and Nusa Tenggara. The high activity of earthquakes encourages the need for deformation monitoring as a mitigation effort. This study aims to analyse the movement and strain patterns that occur in the Flores Back-arc as an effort to see the deformation that occurs. This research uses BIG GPS CORS observation data from 2019-2023 and processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software. The results then will be estimated to obtain velocities, strains, and compare them with the earthquake occurrence. This study shows that the horizontal displacement is dominantly towards the northeast within 20-57 mm/year and dominantly subsidence for vertical displacement with the largest value of −62 mm/year. The high velocity is related to several large earthquakes, one of which is the Flores earthquake in 2021 which caused a offset of up to 19 mm at CBJW, CRTG, CREO, and CLBJ stations. In addition, the strain pattern shows that compression is dominant in the study area with a value range of to 29.3 to 55.7 nstrain/year. While the extension value has a range of 2.7 to 16.9 nstrain/year. The results show that the Southeast region has a high level of energy accumulation as seen from the high values of compression and extension that occur. While the Northwest region shows high energy accumulation indicated by the dominance of compression values due to Flores back-arc thrust in the north.
Spatial-Based Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Techniques (Case Study : Gresik Regency)
Authors: Alfarelia Putri Taslyanto Chelsea , Wahyu Deviantari Udiana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Over the past four years, Gresik Regency has frequently been hit by floods. In 2019, there were 17 occurrences, followed by 13 occurrences in 2020, 19 occurrences in 2021, and a rise to 33 occurrences in 2022. To support the 11th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on sustainable cities and communities, especially in the mitigation of water-related disasters, research on flood-prone areas in Gresik Regency is needed. This study analyzes flood-prone areas in the Gresik Regency using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and weighted overlay methods to provide information to the community and agencies to be used as a reference in disaster mitigation. The data utilized include the Digital Elevation Model, river network data, Sentinel image data, soil type data, rainfall data, and questionnaire results. The criteria used in this research are land elevation, slope, land cover, river distance, soil type, rainfall, and flood extent. Results show that rainfall criteria have the highest weight at 25%, followed by elevation at 17%, flood extent at 17%, land cover at 15%, river distance at 10%, slope at 9%, and soil type at 7%. The area of Gresik Regency classified as low vulnerability is 8.79 km2 or 0.82% of the total area, the medium vulnerability category is 936.13 km2 or 87.60% of the total area, and the high vulnerability category is 123.66 km2 or 11.57% of the total area. The most flood-prone sub-districts are Driyorejo with 28.46 km2 of highly vulnerable flood-prone area, followed by Wringinanom with 13.17 km2 Benjeng with 12.50 km2.