bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated levels of BDNF and cathepsin‐das possible peripheral markers of neurodegeneration in plasma of patients with glutaric acidemia type I
Authors: Guerreiro Gilian , Diaz Jaques Carlos Eduardo , Wajner Moacir , Vargas Carmen Regla 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type I (GA1) is caused by severe deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity, resulting in an accumulation of glutaric acid and glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) in the organism. Patients affected by GA1 are asymptomatic in the neonate period but usually manifest chronically progressive neurodegeneration apart from severe encephalopathic crises associated with acute striatum necrosis. Neurological manifestations like dyskinesia, dystonia, hypotonia, muscle stiffness, and spasticity are present. Treatment is based on protein/lysine restriction andl‐carnitine supplementation. In this work, we evaluated markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation, namely BDNF (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor), NCAM (neuronal adhesion molecule), PDGF‐AA (platelet‐derived growth factor), and cathepsin‐din plasma of six treated GA1 patients. We first found marked increases of plasma C5DC concentrations in GA1 patients, as well as increased levels of the markers BDNF and cathepsin‐das compared to those of age‐matched healthy children. Furthermore, C5DC concentrations were highly correlated with the levels of cathepsin‐d. These results may demonstrate that brain tissue degeneration is present in GA1 patients and that there is a relationship between increased metabolites concentrations with this process. To the best of our knowledge, this is so far the first study showing altered peripheral parameters of neurodegeneration and inflammation in GA1 patients.
Synchrotron radiation‐based analysis of fatigue in dental restorative materials
Authors: Yoo Hyunjong , Kim Hongsik , Min Se Dong , Lee Onseok 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFew studies performed a microstructural analysis of dental restorations to evaluate fatigue impact under various tensions, because of a lack of analytical equipment. In this study, the fatigue of restorative materials was evaluated using the force tester's fatigue method at 0.30, 0.3, 0.40, and 0.45 N. The fatigue effect analysis of tooth restorations was performed with each sample by randomly dividing the sequence into grades 0–4 and the evaluators were blinded to the test results. The evaluation methods involved visual and stereoscopic approaches, and used synchrotron radiation (SR). The evaluation facilitated the observation of microscopic cracks in the material using SR. The initiation of cracks was attributed to air bubbles, invisible to the naked eye or under the microscope. The fatigue effect analysis using SR enabled closer observations compared with other types of evaluation. We expect that this strategy will provide a basis for the study of physical and mechanical properties of dental materials.
Synthesis and antitumor activities of novel bis‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Rahmannejadi Nasrin , Yavari Issa , Khabnadideh Soghra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the aim of obtaining new antitumor agents, a series of bis‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones (3a‐3 f) were designed and synthesized. These products contain 4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐quinazoline and 3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one moieties linked together via a propyl chain. Cytotoxic activities of 3a‐3 f were evaluated against lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cell lines using MTT method. Cisplatin was used as a positive control. Among the tested compounds 3a, 3b, and 3e showed the best cytotoxic activities against all cancerous cell lines with IC50 values even less than cisplatin. Compounds 3d and 3f also showed desirable cytotoxic activities especially against A549 and MCF‐7.
Review of disclosure and apology literature: Gaps and needs
Authors: Wojcieszak Doug 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA review of the literature related to the disclosure movement was conducted to find gaps and needs while identifying areas where needs are being met. There are several articles that address claims and other economic factors. Moreover, there are many papers that define barriers to disclosure with suggested workarounds. There is also a wealth of training content that teaches how to say “sorry.” However, gaps and needs were identified. The “gap list” was developed with a focus on concepts that are novel or not mentioned in the literature as well as issues in the disclosure movement that would benefit from greater attention: (1) lack of research and disclosure training content for health care professionals beyond acute care; (2) messaging and disclosure programs, including the meaning of “apology”; (3) insufficient integration between disclosure programs and second victim support programs; (4) confidentiality clauses; (5) the National Practitioner Data Bank and state licensure boards being viewed as an impediment to disclosure; (6) understanding awareness of the disclosure movement by consumers, personal injury bar, and payors; (7) measuring what medical and nursing schools are teaching about disclosure; and (8) encouraging states to pass apology laws that support the development of disclosure programs.
Themacrophage-expressed gene(mpeg)1identifies a subpopulation of B cells in the adult zebrafish
Authors: Ferrero Giuliano , Gomez Etienne , lyer Sowmya , Rovira Mireia , Miserocchi Magali , Langenau David M. , Bertrand Julien Y. , Wittamer Valérie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe mononuclear phagocytic system consists of many cells, in particular macrophages, scattered throughout the body. However, there is increasing evidence for the heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages, leading to a pressing need for new tools to discriminate mononuclear phagocytic system subsets from other hematopoietic lineages. Macrophage-expressed gene (Mpeg)1.1 is an evolutionary conserved gene encoding perforin-2, a pore-forming protein associated with host defense against pathogens. Zebrafish mpeg1.1:GFP and mpeg1.1:mCherry reporters were originally established to specifically label macrophages. Since then more than 100 peer-reviewed publications have made use of mpeg1.1-driven transgenics for in vivo studies, providing new insights into key aspects of macrophage ontogeny, activation, and function. Whereas the macrophage-specific expression pattern of the mpeg1.1 promoter has been firmly established in the zebrafish embryo, it is currently not known whether this specificity is maintained through adulthood. Here we report direct evidence that beside macrophages, a subpopulation of B-lymphocytes is marked by mpeg1.1 reporters in most adult zebrafish organs. These mpeg1.1+ lymphoid cells endogenously express mpeg1.1 and can be separated from mpeg1.1+ macrophages by virtue of their light-scatter characteristics using FACS. Remarkably, our analyses also revealed that B-lymphocytes, rather than mononuclear phagocytes, constitute the main mpeg1.1-positive population in irf8null myeloid-defective mutants, which were previously reported to recover tissue-resident macrophages in adulthood. One notable exception is skin macrophages, whose development and maintenance appear to be independent from irf8, similar to mammals. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that irf8 functions in myelopoiesis are evolutionary conserved and highlight the need for alternative macrophage-specific markers to study the mononuclear phagocytic system in adult zebrafish.
Localized phonons in Raman spectra of nanoparticles and disordered media
Authors: Korepanov Vitaly I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral approaches may be used to link the Raman spectra to the characteristic size scale of nanomaterials. To treat the vibrations of the nanocrystal as localized phonons is a basic idea of the phonon confinement model (PCM). This review describes different approximations proposed since the pioneering work of Richter et al. in 1981. Early implementations of PCM received criticism for the arbitrariness of the introduced parameters and physically unsound assumptions. Later, the physical consistent version was proposed in which the model was coupled with quantum‐chemical calculations. Representative cases of applying the PCM are discussed: model benchmark system (nanodiamond), localized acoustic phonons in nanoparticles (ZnO), nanowires (Ge), and phonon‐like modes in the hydrogen‐bonding network of liquid water.
Demystifying misted mirrors to investigate emerging people issues in SMEs: Implications for strategic change
Authors: Mendy John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of “contingent misting” is a missing aspect in Strategy's “organisations design products” and HRM's architectural pairings. This study highlights the structural, cultural, and technical challenges that SME owners and employees are dealing with during new product and service‐improvement launches. The results identify a thematic categorization of individual and organizational‐level characteristics to help ascertain the complex challenges and impacts of innovating. It is propounded that our understanding and knowledge of mirroring architectures faced by SMEs are deepened as we appreciate the contingent nature of people's competence and adaptation.
Investigating the drivers of product innovation in emerging markets: The African perspective
Authors: Atiase Victor Y. , Dzansi Dennis Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAfrican firms have made significant progress in product innovation over the past decade through human capital development efforts and firm competitiveness. Undoubtedly, both human capital development and firm competitiveness have become the main source of strength for product innovation initiatives among African firms. However, these firms need to continuously focus on talent hunting and development as well as promoting strategic collaborations to reap the full benefit of product innovation activities.
Investigating innovation capability and organizational performance in service firms
Authors: Al‐kalouti Jamil , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Niraj , Garza‐Reyes Jose A. , Upadhyay Arvind , Zwiegelaar Jeremy B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the service firm, innovation capability influences both financial and nonfinancial performance. It is crucial for businesses to address key challenges anticipated by the changes in socioeconomic and environmental issues. Innovation capability is largely seen as a vital source for generating sustainable competitive advantage. This article investigates the determinants of innovation capability and their relationship with organizational performance in the Jordanian banking sector.
Crafting the forever now: Corporate heritage brand innovation at John Lewis Partnership
Authors: Sammour Ammar , Chen Weifeng , Balmer John M. T. , Botchie David , Faraday Judy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeing innovative and adaptive to changing business environment fosters and sustains the success of corporations with heritage. Our article addresses the insights of the innovation strategy of John Lewis Partnership (JLP) as a corporate heritage brand and reveals that strategic innovation the key strand of JLP's brand heritage, which has contributed to the continuous success of JLP for over a century. Developed from the S‐curve innovation theory, we have developed a corporate heritage brand innovation process framework with four stages: invention, sustainability, expansion, and extension. Our research confirms that S‐curve innovation theory can be applied to scrutinize organizational innovation of corporations with heritage brand.
Functional Electrical Stimulation for Presbyphonia: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Gugatschka Markus , Feiner Marlies , Mayr Winfried , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Eberhard Katharina , Gerstenberger Claus 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective study was to examine the effects of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES) in a group of elderly women with presbyphonia.Study DesignProspective randomized study.MethodsFourteen participants were enrolled prospectively and attributed randomly to two different treatment groups, where one group (n = 7) received 8 weeks of training (5 days a week), whereas the other group (n = 7) received 4 weeks of ineffective stimulation, followed by 4 weeks of effective training. Stimulation protocols were established during baseline examination and confirmed with endoscopy to ensure a glottal reaction. Numerous acoustical, vocal, patient‐centered, and respiratory parameters were obtained at several time points.ResultsNeither 4 weeks nor 8 weeks of functional electrical transcutaneous stimulation led to changes of vocal, acoustical, or respiratory parameters, apart from patient‐centered items (Voice Handicap Index 12, Voice‐Related Quality of Life), which improved over time. However, there were no differences between the two arms for both items.ConclusionsTranscutaneous FES over 4 weeks and 8 weeks did not lead to significantly improved objective voice and acoustical parameters, which could be caused by the fact that the muscles of interest cannot be targeted specifically enough. However, we found a significant improvement of subjective voice perception and voice‐related quality of life in both groups. We explain this finding with an observer‐expectancy effect secondary to the very time‐consuming and elaborate study procedures.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 130:E662–E666, 2020
Vertical changes in bacterial community composition down to a depth of 20 m on the degraded Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Liu Guiyao , Chen Lili , Deng Qiang , Shi Xinrong , Lock Thomas Ryan , Kallenbach Robert L. , Yuan Zhiyou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil microbes are involved in the fundamental processes that underpin an ecosystem's function. However, little is known about the microbial communities that inhabit deep soil horizons, especially in degraded forest ecosystems. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing to investigate the vertical distribution of soil bacterial communities to a depth of 20 m in Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia forests on the Loess Plateau, China. We found that bacterial richness declined from the topsoil to a depth of 2 m in P. tabulaeformis forests and declined from the topsoil to a depth of 1 m in R. pseudoacacia forests, and thereafter increased. The relative abundance of α‐Proteobacteria was higher in subsoils than in topsoils of P. tabulaeformis forests. It was highest at the depth of 20 or 14 m in both forest types, suggesting that α‐Proteobacteria can survive dry, alkaline, low‐nutrient environments. We also found a higher relative abundance of Acidobacteria in topsoils than in subsoils, indicating that Acidobacteria can grow well in nutrient‐rich environments. Our results suggest that soil bacterial communities respond to nutrient changes associated with soil depth and plant species. These findings revealed that soil microorganisms persisted in deep and carbon‐starved soils, especially for α‐Proteobacteria, which may be adapted to resource‐poor environments in deep soils.
Mechanics of infinitesimal gyroscopes on Mylar balloons and their action‐angle analysis
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl , Mladenov Ivailo M. 
Published: January 2020

Here, we apply the general scheme for description of mechanics of infinitesimal bodies in Riemannian spaces to the example of geodetic and non‐geodetic (for two different model potentials) motions of infinitesimal rotators on the Mylar balloon. The structure of partial degeneracy is investigated with the help of the corresponding Hamilton‐Jacobi equation and action‐angle analysis. In all situations, it was found that for any of the sixth disjoint regions in the phase space among the three action variables only two are essential for the description of our models at the level of the old quantum theory (according to the Bohr‐Sommerfeld postulates).Moreover, in both non‐geodetic models, the action variables were intertwined with the quantum number N corresponding to the quantized value of the radius r of the inflated Mylar balloon.
Study of bending effects of a wideband paper‐based printed microstrip‐fed antenna
Authors: Phan Hong Phuong , Vuong Tan‐Phu , Benech Philippe , Xavier Pascal , Borel Pascal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, the authors conduct a study of bending effects of a paper‐based printed antenna in order to predict the behavior of an antenna placed inside a package with restricted dimensions. The study begins with a model of an electrical dipole consisting of two misaligned parts to evaluate qualitatively the effect of the angle between two parts and the proportion of their lengths on the radiation properties of the dipole. In order to validate the theoretical prediction, a wide‐band “mushroom‐shaped with two arms” monopole antenna structure printed on 0.104 mm thick paper is proposed. This antenna covers a very wide frequency range from 1.8 GHz to over 10 GHz, including two WLAN bands. Its radiation patterns are nearly omni‐directional at 2.45 and 5.5 GHz. The study of substrate bending effects shows that the matching properties of the antenna are maintained, but the antenna radiation patterns are rotated by an angle with respect to the case without bending. The results of our study can be used to predict the performance of an antenna when it is deformed in a telecommunication set‐top box with restricted dimensions.
Aluminum Alkyls as Highly Active Catalytic Chain Transfer Agents
Authors: Ewart Sean , Konstantinov Ivan , Karjala Teresa , Baugh Dan , Munjal Sarat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring the production of free radical initiated low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), it was discovered that the addition of low levels of alkyl aluminum compounds caused the molecular weight of the LDPE to drop precipitously. Further investigation demonstrated that aluminum‐alkyl compounds are among the most effective chain transfer agents ever utilized. It was also shown that polymer chains, which transfer to Al alkyl species, contain almost exclusively vinyl terminated end groups. A catalytic chain transfer mechanism is proposed in which chain transfer occurs from a growing polymer chain to an aluminum center followed by beta hydride elimination to produce a vinyl terminated polymer chain and a new aluminum hydride bond. This new aluminum hydride bond can then undergo further chain transfer reactions. This is the first time such a catalytic chain transfer mechanism has been reported. As little as 10–20 mol ppm aluminum alkyl species decreased the degree of polymerization by a factor of 2 resulting in chain transfer constant (Cs) values as high as 1000–2000. Density functional theory (DFT) study elucidated the catalytic cycle of triethylaluminum (TEA). It is discovered that, depending on the reaction conditions, TEA can serve as a conventional as well as catalytic chain transfer agent.
Neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Darmahkasih Andrew J. , Rybalsky Irina , Tian Cuixia , Shellenbarger Karen C. , Horn Paul S. , Lambert Joshua T. , Wong Brenda L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe studied neurodevelopmental and behavioral/emotional symptoms in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodsRetrospective case series of neurodevelopmental and behavioral/emotional symptoms obtained through review of systems of 700 DMD patients in relation to dystrophin gene mutations.ResultsThe most common symptoms encountered were emotional/behavioral dysregulation (38.7%), inattention/hyperactive features (31.4%), obsessive and compulsive features (25.0%), and language/speech delays (24.4%). Most patients (72.7%) had at least one symptom. Patients with mutations near the 3′ end of the dystrophin gene were at higher risk for developing inattention/hyperactive features, language/speech delays, and global intellectual delays. Those with mutations between exon 31 and 79 had higher risk of clustering of symptoms when compared with those upstream of exon 30.DiscussionNeurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioral symptoms are common comorbidities in DMD. There is higher prevalence of inattention/hyperactive features, language/speech delays, and global intellectual delays in genotypes affecting the 3′ end of the dystrophin gene.
Detection and characterization of fracture zones in bedrock in marine environment: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Tassis Georgios A. , Tsourlos Panos I. , Rønning Jan Steinar 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTGeoelectrical measurements have so far been tested in marine environments worldwide in order to detect subsea fracture zones. However, many of these datasets are processed without considering the extremely high electrical conductivity of seawater and its implications. This study summarizes our efforts to establish the basic rules as to whether marine electrical resistivity tomography can detect weak zones inside a resistive bedrock, a problem which the engineers in Norway usually encounter in tunnel construction sites. This study examines the theoretical response of electrical resistivity tomography in a classic Nordic environment where a highly resistive bedrock is located below the highly conductive seawater, and the capability of electrical resistivity tomography to detect fractured zones, as relevant in a geotechnical study. We performed a large number of synthetic modelling tests examining several factors that marine geoelectrical surveys are particularly sensitive to, such as the depth of the seabed, the seawater conductivity and the bedrock variation, and the survey layout and the inversion scheme. Our results indicate that electrical resistivity tomography surveys for fracture zone detection in geoelectrically demanding marine environments can be promising in case of a limited water depth, and with the use of either dipole–dipole or multiple gradient array and availability of a detailed knowledge of the conductivity distribution in water. However, results of electrical resistivity tomography surveys in such circumstances can be ambiguous since they potentially suffer from reduced resolution and due to the loss of electrical current in water and other artificial effects. Based on the results of modelling, we were able to improve interpretations of electrical resistivity tomography data from a field survey, where marine acquisition was carried at a strait in Kvitsøy, southern Norway.
Energy stability and convergence of the scalar auxiliary variable Fourier‐spectral method for the viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation
Authors: Zheng Nan , Li Xiaoli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop two linear and unconditionally energy stable Fourier‐spectral schemes for solving viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation based on the recently scalar auxiliary variable approach. The temporal discretizations are built upon the first‐order Euler method and second‐order Crank–Nicolson method, respectively. We carry out the energy stability and error analysis rigorously. Various classical numerical experiments are performed to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed schemes.