bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some experimental results on fixed time artificial insemination
Authors: S Otgonjargal , I Dorjderem , G Тuguldur , P Erdenetogtokh , S Ganbat 
Published: September 2020

The fixed time of artificial Insemination was carried out in Holstein breed cows at the Max-Agro dairy farm. Four protocols with different combinations of gonadotropin realizing, prostaglandin and CIDR were used for the estrus synchronization of cows. As result of the experimental work, the rate of estrus synchronization was at 86±4.6 % in the study. Conception rate was in average 48.8±15.5% and totally 21 calves were born. The experimental protocols are shown that the CIDR+PG+GnRH combination was better than others schemes. That is why we would like to recommend that the estrus synchronization method with the CIDR+PG+GnRH is to be introduced into livestock reproduction practices.
Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэгийн үр дүнгээс
Бид “Макс-Агро” ХХК –ийн эрчимжсэн аж ахуйн Голштейн үүлдрийн үнээнд “Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг”хийв.Үүний тулд гипоталамусын гонадотропин релизинг даавар /GnRH/, простагландин даавар /PGF2a/, үтрээний суулгац (сидр)-ыг 4 өөр хувилбараар хослуулан хэрэглэхэд туршилтад хамрагдсан нийт үнээний 86±4.6 хувь нь ороо жигдрэв.Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг хийхэд дунджаар 48.8±15.5% хээл хөгжиж, 21 тугал хүлээж авлаа. Туршилт хийсэн хувилбаруудаас CIDR+PG+GnRH-ийг хослуулан хэрэглэн ороо жигдрүүлж үнээнд цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлгийн аргыг үйлдвэрлэлд нэвтрүүлэх зүйтэй гэж үзэж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гонадотропин релизинг даавар, простагландин, ороо, цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг
The study of algae in the lake Duruutsagaan
Authors: T Tsedevsuren , Ts Bukhchuluun , Ch Ayushsuren , T Baigal-Amar 
Published: September 2020

The algae are widely used in ecological condition assessment for various aquatic environments, because of their widespread distribution, diversity, relatively short life span and short response to environmental changes. The purpose of this study is to define the species composition, abundance and habitat of the algal community in the Lake Duruutsagaan, and make assessment of water quality using the trophic and saprobic values of each species in the community. There were 15 diatom species belonging to 4 orders, 9 families and 10 genera were recorded in 2017 and only 4 diatom species belonging to 4 orders were recorded in the littoral biofilm samples of the Lake Duruutsagaan. It showed very low biodiversity index of diatom species. According to trophic values and saprobic index, 5 out total 6 sites along the lake shore were highly polluted and 1 site was assessed as slightly polluted. So that lake restoration measurements needed and researcher and students of School of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences implemented further lake shore restoration activities.
Дөрөөцагаан нуурын замгийн судалгаа
Замаг нь байгалийн бүх төрлийн усан сан, экологийн янз бүрийн орчинд тархсан, олон зүйлтэй, орчны нөхцлийн болон тэсвэржилтийн үзүүлэлтийг илэрхийлэх боломжтой, амьдралын харьцангуй богино эргэлттэй тул орчны өөрчлөлтөд богино хугацаанд хариу үзүүлдэг учраас усны чанарыг үнэлэх, мониторинг хийхэд өргөн ашигладаг. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Дөрөөцагаан нуурын цахиур замгийн зүйлийн бүрдэл, арви, амьдрах орчныг тодорхойлж тэдгээрийн трофик болон сапроб утгыг ашиглан усны чанарыг үнэлэх явдал юм. Дөрөөцагаан нуураас 2017 онд баруун болон баруун урд цэгээс авсан дээжинд 4 баг 9 овог 10 төрлийн 15 зүйл, 2018 онд 4 баг, 4 овог, 4 төрлийн 7 зүйлийн цахиур замаг бүртгэгдэв. Сапроб чанарын индексээр 6 цэгт хийсэн судалгаагаар 5 цэг нь бохирдолтой, 1 цэг нь бага бахирдолтой гарч байна. Харин 2017 онд харьцангуй өндөр бөгөөд мал ихээр орох боломжгүй хойд эргээс авсан дээжний хувьд сапроб индексээр бага бохирдолтой гэсэн ангилалд орж байна.Тиймээс нуурын нөхөн сэргээлтийн арга хэмжээ явуулах шаардлагатай байсан бөгөөд ХААИСийн Агроэкологийн сургуулийн судлаач багш оюутнууд нуурын эргийг нөхөн сэргээх ажлыг хийсэн юм. Түлхүүр үг: цахиур замаг, үнэлгээ, трофик индекс, бохирдол
Genetic diversity analyse in Mongolian horse populations using ISSR- DNA markers
Authors: Ts Ariuntuul , O Baatartsogt , Ts Tsendsuren , T Saipolda 
Published: September 2020

Genetic diversity of Mongolian horse populations from different geographical areas were studied using genetic polymorphism of the ACC- and GAG-ISSR- DNA marker types. In the horse breed Mongolian were distributed 14 fragments, in Darkhad horse 15 fragments, in horse populations Shil 21 fragments, Tes 23 fragments and in Galshar horse population 29 fragments of ACC-ISSR marker and in Mongolian horse 12 fragments, in Darkhad horse 14 fragments, Shil horse 14 fragments, Galshar horse 24 fragments and in horse population Tes 18 fragments of GAG-ISSR marker.
Монгол адууны генетик олон янз байдлыг ДНХ-маркер ашиглан үнэлэх судалгаа
Монгол болон Галшар үүлдэр, Тэс, Дархад омгийн болон Шил адууны популяцийн генетик олон янз байдлыг мултилокусын ДНХ-ийн ACC- ба GAG-ISSR маркерын полиморфизмоор төлөөлүүлэн судлав. Монгол үүлдрийн адуунд AСС-ISSR-DNA маркерын 14 фрагмент, Дархад омгийн адуунд 15 фрагмент, Шил адуунд 21 фрагмент, Тэс омгийн адуунд 23 фрагмент ба Галшар үүлдрийн адуунд 29 фрагмент байв. Полиморф фрагментын хувь нь хамгийн их буюу 91,3% Тэс адууны популяцид, хамгийн бага буюу 46,7% Дархад омгийн адууны популяцид байгааг тогтоов. GAG-ISSR-DNA маркерын 12 фрагмент Монгол үүлдрийн адуунд, Дархад омгийн адуунд 14 фрагмент, Шил адуунд 14 фрагмент, Тэс омгийн адуунд 18 фрагмент ба Галшар үүлдрийн адуунд 24 фрагмент байв. Полиморф фрагментын хувь нь хамгийн их буюу 64,2% Шил адууны популяцид, хамгийн бага буюу 25% Монгол үүлдрийн адууны популяцид байгааг тогтоов. Тэс адуу нь Монгол, Галшар үүлдэр, Дархад ба Шил адууны популяциас сүргийн генетик тогтоцоороо нилээд холдсон байгаа нь ажиглагдав.
Түлхүүр үг: Монгол адуу, генетик олон янз байдал, ДНХ-ISSR маркерын полиморфизм
Dengue Immunopathogenesis: A Crosstalk between Host and Viral Factors Leading to Disease: Part I - Dengue Virus Tropism, Host Innate Immune Responses, and Subversion of Antiviral Responses
Authors: Puerta-Guardo Henry , B. Biering Scott , Harris Eva , Pavia-Ruz Norma , Vázquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe , Manrique-Saide Pablo 
Published: September 2020

Dengue is the most prevalent emerging mosquito-borne viral disease, affecting more than 40% of the human population worldwide. Many symptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections result in a relatively benign disease course known as dengue fever (DF). However, a small proportion of patients develop severe clinical manifestations, englobed in two main categories known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Secondary infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1, -2, -3, and -4) is a risk factor to develop severe forms of dengue disease. DSS is primarily characterized by sudden and abrupt endothelial dysfunction, resulting in vascular leak and organ impairment, which may progress to hypovolemic shock and death. Severe DENV disease (DHF/DSS) is thought to follow a complex relationship between distinct immunopathogenic processes involving host and viral factors, such as the serotype cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), the activation of T cells and complement pathways, the phenomenon of the cytokine storm, and the newly described viral toxin activity of the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which together play critical roles in inducing vascular leak and virus pathogenesis. In this chapter that is divided in two parts, we will outline the recent advances in our understanding of DENV pathogenesis, highlighting key viral-host interactions and discussing how these interactions may contribute to DENV immunopathology and the development of vascular leak, a hallmark of severe dengue. Part I will address the general features of the DENV complex, including the virus structure and genome, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes, followed by an updated review of the literature describing the host innate immune strategies as well as the viral mechanisms acting against and in favor of the DENV replication cycle and infection.
Estimates of Intrinsic Growth Rates and Basic Reproduction Number (R0) for the First Historical Zika Outbreak in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Rosales Juan Carlos , Acosta Nels´on A. , Herrera Celeste 
Published: September 2020

Scopes and Objectives: After entering South America in May 2015 through northeast Brazil, the Zika virus spread to Argentina between April and June 2016 and reached Salta province the following year. We analyzed some aspects of the first historical outbreak of Zika that occurred in Salta, Argentina, in the year 2017. We obtained elementary estimates, such as the intrinsic growth rate of the cases accumulated in the first weeks of the outbreak, using expressions that relate it to the basic reproduction number thereof. Study design: Retrospective-descriptive studies and relational analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Faculty of Engineering. National University of Salta, Argentina, from September 2019 to June 2020.
Methodology: Descriptive and relational analysis. Estimates of parameters and Simulation tests were also carried out in order to qualitatively describe the first Zika historical outbreak in Salta.
Results: Our study revealed that the Zika virus in the province of Salta mainly affects the localities of the departments of Or´an, General San Mart´ın, and Rivadavia, with infection forces α2017 ≈ 0.42 week-1 (SD 0.05) and α2017 ≈ 0.32 week-1 (SD 0.02) with the refined exponential model. On the other hand, we obtained estimates of the basic reproduction number R0 ≈ 1:105 95% CI[1:104 - 1:106] and R0 ≈ 1:111 95% CI[1:110 - 1:112].
Conclusion: Both the values of the estimates of the infection forces and R0 would seem to indicate that the first outbreak of Zika in Salta was of relatively low intensity and of short duration, coinciding with patterns generally present emerging diseases. We found practically no differences with the estimates provided by the two expressions of basic reproduction number used. Although the estimates slightly exceed the threshold value R0 = 1, with respect to otherestimates, we consider them quite reasonable for the first historical outbreak occurred in Salta, since it was short-lived and of little intensity.
Impact of Lockdown Measures during COVID-19 Pandemic on Water Vapors in Subtemperate and Subtropical Zones of Jammu Region, Jammu & Kashmir Union Territory, India
Authors: Singh Mahender , Vikas Vishaw , Sharma Rohit , Sharma Charu , Dadhich Sushmita M. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of lockdown amid COVID 19 pandemic on water vapors in atmosphere under subtemperate and subtropical zones of Jammu region.
Methodology: To study the variation in atmospheric chemistry, the data was analyzed on fortnightly basis in order to assess the water vapor presence in the atmosphere during complete lockdown, i.e. from 24th March to 17th May 2020. The data of Temperature and Relative Humidity were recorded from Agrometeorological Observatory situated at respective locations under study. The water vapor attributing parameters were calculated by adopting different formulae.
Results: The analysis of weather data was done by adopting different statistical techniques and it was found that ambient temperature was below normal with a deviation of -5.99% and -3.69% under subtropical and subtemperate zone. With the downshifting pattern observed in temperature, the density of air also decreased with deviation of -0.29% in subtropical zone and -0.46 % in subtemperate zone. The relative humidity, mixing ratio and dew point temperature under subtropical conditions were increased by 8.19, 1.03 and 1.61% respectively, while under subtemperate zone the parameters increased by 3.98, 4.51 and 10.3% respectively. The saturated mixing ratio, enthalpy and absolute humidity were deviated by -4.53%, -5.45 and -1.50% in subtropical zone and 5.94, 6.62 and 8.28 % in subtemperate zone.
Conclusion: Variable significant patterns were observed for each parameter and thus it can be concluded that lockdown had a plausible impact on all humidity or water vapor attributes.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Proximate and Mineral Compositions in Groundnuts for Consumption
Authors: Amoniyan Oluwasegun Amos , Olugbemi Samuel Adeolu , Balogun Omolola Myriam , Salako Basirat Omotayo 
Published: September 2020

The proximate and some essential mineral compositions of groundnuts processed by different methods for consumption were determined. The parameters were analyzed using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005) and Greenfield and Southgate, 2003. From the results obtained, it was found that the proximate compositions (%) of the groundnuts boiled with the pods were – moisture content (18.77 0.02), crude protein (22.93 0.06), crude fat (38.94 0.03), crude fiber (1.75 0.02), ash (3.90 0.04) and carbohydrate (13.73 0.04). Groundnuts roasted with the pods had– moisture content (2.91 0.04), crude protein (29.73 0.08), crude fat (50.11 0.04), crude fiber (4.36 0.03), ash (5.14 0.03) and carbohydrate (7.76 0.05) while those of the groundnuts roasted without pods were – moisture content (2.88 0.04), crude protein (26.64 0.06), crude fat ss(49.04 0.02), crude fiber (4.26 0.03), ash (4.73 0.02) and the carbohydrate (11.50 0.04). The mineral compositions (in (mg/kg) of the groundnut sample boiled with pods were Na (0.23), K (0.67), Ca (0.11), P (0.38), Mg (0.16) and Fe (41.5). Groundnut samples roasted with the pods were Na (0.38), K (0.98), Ca (0.17), P (0.47), Mg (0.27) and Fe (61.2), while the mineral compositions (in (mg/kg) of the groundnut samples roasted without the pods were Na (0.27), K (0.82), Ca (0.16), P (0.42), Mg (0.25) and Fe (53.6). This study revealed that the proximate and the mineral contents in the roasted samples were generally higher than those of the boiled sample except for the moisture and the carbohydrate contents.
Actinides and Transactinides
Authors: Nagame Yuichiro , Sato Tetsuya K. , Kratz Jens V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article gives a brief summary of the recent progress in the synthesis of new elements as well as heavy nuclei far from the stability line and in the studies of exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides. Experimental techniques of single‐atom detection after in‐flight separation with electromagnetic separators have made a breakthrough in discovery of new heavy isotopes. Development of automated rapid chemical separation apparatuses performing one atom‐at‐a‐time chemistry has also considerably contributed to the progress of chemical studies of the transactinides. Some key experiments exploring new frontiers of the production and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides using state‐of‐the‐art techniques are demonstrated. A short historical perspective of actinide and transactinide elements and some prospects of extending nuclear and chemical studies of heavy elements in the future are briefly presented.
Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Donald Sundberg , Michael Cunningham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmulsion polymerization has been practiced for nearly a century, but its basic mechanisms were not understood until much later. The product of this polymerization method is called a latex and its vast array of properties continues to be developed by utilizing the nanoparticle characteristics of such aqueous dispersions (∼1018particles/L). Due to the compartmentalization of the active, free radicals within separate particles, one can achieve high reaction rates and high polymer molecular weights at the same time—a unique feature of emulsion polymerization. At the same time, the resulting latex has low viscosity and high heat capacity, even at 50% polymer content, because water is the dispersing agent. Over the years, latex technology has evolved to include composite polymer nanoparticles with two or more phase‐separated regions within them. Further extensions continue to be made that result in hybrid latex particles in which one component is not created via standard emulsion polymerization processes (eg, metal oxides, alkyd resin, and polyurethane), but a second component is created in that manner. Other new processing techniques have also been developed to avoid some of the mechanistic restrictions of standard emulsion polymerization (particle nucleation via micellar initiation, poor water solubility of some vinyl monomers) leading to “miniemulsion polymerization” systems. Further extensions have resulted in “microemulsion polymerizations” in which the final, dispersed particle sizes are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Patel S.A. , Chhabra R.P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims at introducing and demonstrating the ubiquitous nature of non‐Newtonian flow characteristics in a broad spectrum of industrial settings. Beginning with the definitions of a viscous fluid and an elastic material and a Newtonian fluid, different kinds of non‐Newtonian flow characteristic are introduced and briefly discussed. Next, each of these is illustrated by presenting experimental data for polymer solutions, suspensions, and so on. Most such complex materials exhibit nonlinear viscosity (shear‐thinning, shear‐thickening, yield stress, visco‐elasticity, etc), time‐dependent, and extensional flow characteristics under appropriate conditions, which are of great interest from their processing, manufacturing and the end‐user stand point. This is followed by a discussion of a few constitutive models, some of which are purely empirical in nature, while others are based on different combinations of a dashpot (viscous) and a spring (elastic) elements to capture varying blends of fluid‐like and solid‐like non‐Newtonian characteristics. Next, a range of selected applications including the steady flow of such fluids in ducts of circular and noncircular cross‐sections, in packed columns and in unconsolidated porous media, and boundary layer‐type external flows over a sphere and a long cylinder are briefly discussed. The chapter is concluded by mentioning the other important aspects of this class of fluids and their processing in wide‐ranging settings for interested readers to gain further insights into the fascinating world of non‐Newtonian fluids.
Recombinant transgelin‐like protein 1 fromMytilusshell induces formation of CaCO3polymorphic crystalsin vitro
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Sun Qi , Fan Meihua , He Jianyu , Zhang Xiaolin , Xu Huanzhi , Liao Zhi 
Published: September 2020

Transgelin is an actin cross‐linking/gelling protein of the calponin family, which is associated with actin stress fibres, cell motility, adhesion and the maintenance of cell morphology. Transgelin‐like proteins (TLPs) have also been identified as shell matrix proteins (SMPs) in several mollusc species; however, the functions of TLPs in biomineralization remain unknown. Transgelin‐like protein 1 (TLP‐1) was previously identified from the shell ofMytilus coruscusas a novel 19 kDa SMP with a calponin homology (CH) domain. To understand the role of TLP‐1 in shell formation, the expression level and localization of the TLP‐1 gene in biomineralization‐related tissues were determined in this study. Furthermore, recombinant TLP‐1 was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system with codon optimization, and an anti‐rTLP‐1 antibody was prepared based on the expressed recombinant TLP‐1 (rTLP‐1) protein.In vitro, rTLP‐1 induced the formation of CaCO3polymorphic crystals with distinct morphologies and inhibited crystallization rate and crystal interactions. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and pull‐down analyses using the anti‐rTLP‐1 antibody revealed the specific locations of TLP‐1 in biomineralization‐related tissues and shell myostracum layer, and suggested the existence of a possible TLP‐1 interaction network in the shell matrix. Our results are beneficial for understanding the functions of TLP‐1, particularly through its CH domain, during shell mineralization.
High follicle‐stimulating hormone levels accelerate cartilage damage of knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women through the PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Liu Yaping , Zhang Mengqi , Kong Dehuan , Wang Yan , Li Jian , Liu Wenjuan , Fu Yilin , Xu Jin 
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis is the main cause of pain and disability in the elderly, with the most commonly affected joint being the knee. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is significantly increased in postmenopausal women, although the mechanisms underlying KOA remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and postmenopausal women with KOA aged between 50 and > 70 years, as well as explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that the 50–60 years age group had the highest level of serum FSH. Compared to the low FSH group (< 40 mIU·mL−1) in the same age group, the high FSH group (> 40 mIU·mL−1) showed more severe cartilage damage. Furthermore, phosphorylated (p)‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/PI3K, p‐AKT/AKT and p‐nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)/NF‐κB levels were significantly higher in the high FSH group compared to the low FSH group. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that FSH stimulation promoted the translocation of NF‐κB p65 into the nucleus, and decreased type II collagen and aggrecan in ATDC5 cells. Moreover, we used western blotting in ATDC5 cells to demonstrate that FSH decreased type II collagen and increased p‐PI3K/PI3K, p‐AKT/AKT, p‐NF‐κB/NF‐κB and p‐IKB/IKB in a concentration‐dependent manner. Our results suggest that increased FSH levels are associated with KOA for postmenopausal women aged 50–60 years and that high FSH levels might damage the cartilage tissues through the PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway.
A Detailed Analysis of the Association between Urate Deposition and Erosions and Osteophytes in Gout
Authors: Pecherstorfer Caroline , Simon David , Unbehend Sara , Ellmann Hanna , Englbrecht Matthias , Hartmann Fabian , Figueiredo Camille , Hueber Axel , Haschka Judith , Kocijan Roland , Kleyer Arnd , Schett Georg , Rech Jürgen , Bayat Sara 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize in detail the structural bone changes associated with the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint in patients with tophaceous gout.MethodsTwenty patients with tophaceous gout and involvement of the MTP1 joint received both dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) of the feet for the detection of tophi and high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) of the feet for the detection of bone erosions and osteophytes. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Tophi in DECT and erosions and osteophytes in HR‐pQCT were overlayed to define their anatomical relation. In addition, the feet of 20 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls were scanned to define the normal architecture of the MTP1 joint.ResultsPatients with gout had an increased number and extent of bone erosions and osteophytes compared with their healthy counterparts (erosions: 5 [0‐17] vs 1 [1‐2], 45.32 mm3 [7.26‐550.32] vs 0.82 mm3 [0.15‐21.8]; osteophytes: 10.5 [0‐26] vs 1 [0‐10], 4.93 mm [0.77‐7.19 mm] vs 0.93 mm [0.05‐7.61 mm]; all P < 0.001). The median tophi volume detected by DECT (0.12 mm3 [0.01‐2.53]) was highly associated with the total volume of erosions (r = 0.597, P = 0.005).ConclusionGout patients show increased changes in their bone microarchitecture. The extent of uric acid deposition is positively correlated with the extent of bone loss at the MTP1 joint, highlighting the strong cohesion of inflammation and erosive changes.