bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of analytical model for energy detectors with SC and MRC diversity over Inverse‐Gamma fading
Authors: Maurya Rahul , Srivastava Saloni , Chauhan Puspraj Singh , Singh Sanjay , Soni Sanjay Kumar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAn ever‐escalating demand for wireless applications has caused great concern for the proper exploitation of the accessible radio spectrum. Cognitive radio materializes as an auspicious remedy to the present‐day crisis of spectral congestion, by detecting the licensed primary user (PU). This is accomplished with the assistance of the spectrum sensing technique, which provides an indication of the presence of PU over the spectrum. Energy detection is one of the prevailing spectrum sensing techniques due to its low implementation complexity. In the present work, the performance of an energy detector (ED) over Inverse‐Gamma (I‐Gamma) fading distribution is examined. Initially, a closed‐form expression of the probability density function for I‐Gamma distribution with maximal ratio combining diversity reception is derived. Following it, an investigation of an ED‐based cognitive radio device is carried out in the form of the average probability of detection (PD) and average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In addition, we also present a performance analysis of an ED with selection combining diversity. Optimization of the detection threshold is also executed alongside the low signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis. In the end, the resulting expression of the PD is exploited to examine the functioning of cooperative spectrum sensing within the erroneous environment. The validation of derived mathematical forms has been confirmed by comparing it with the Monte‐Carlo simulation and exact numerical results.
Sexual selection on bushcricket genitalia operates in a mosaic pattern
Authors: Wulff Nadja C. , Lehmann Gerlind U. C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn most species with internal fertilization, male genitalia evolve faster than other morphological structures. This holds true for genital titillators, which are used exclusively during mating in several bushcricket subfamilies. Several theories have been proposed for the sexual selection forces driving the evolution of internal genitalia, especially sperm competition, sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC), and cryptic female choice (CFC). However, it is unclear whether the evolution of genitalia can be described with a single hypothesis or a combination of them. The study of species‐specific genitalia action could contribute to the controversial debate about the underlying selective evolutionary forces.We studied female mating behaviors in response to experimentally modified titillators in a phylogenetically nested set of four bushcricket species: Roeseliana roeselii, Pholidoptera littoralis littoralis, Tettigonia viridissima (of the subfamily Tettigoniinae), and Letana inflata (Phaneropterinae). Bushcricket titillators have several potential functions; they stimulate females and suppress female resistance, ensure proper ampulla or spermatophore attachment, and facilitate male fixation. In R. roeselii, titillators stimulate females to accept copulations, supporting sexual selection by CFC. Conversely, titillator modification had no observable effect on the female's behavior in T. viridissima. The titillators of Ph. l. littoralis mechanically support the mating position and the spermatophore transfer, pointing to sexual selection by SAC. Mixed support was found in L. inflata, where manipulation resulted in increased female resistance (evidence for CFC) and mating failures by reduced spermatophore transfer success (evidence for SAC). Sexual selection is highly species‐specific with a mosaic support for either cryptic female choice or sexually antagonistic coevolution or a combination of both in the four species.
Double diffusion on peristaltic flow of nanofluid under the influences of magnetic field, porous medium, and thermal radiation
Authors: Shivappa Kotnurkar Asha , Giddaiah Sunitha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present article investigates the study of double‐diffusive convection on peristaltic flow under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The mathematical modeling for a two‐dimensional flow, along with double diffusion in nanofluids, is considered. The motivation of the present research work is to analyze the effects of the magnetic field and thermal radiation on a peristaltic flow through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel. The heat flux of the linear approximation employs the thermal radiation of the flow problem. The effect of thermal radiation and double diffusion is an important aspect of research due to its application in public health potential. Infrared radiation techniques are indeed used to treat many skin‐related diseases. It can also be used as a measure of thermotherapy in some bones to enhance the blood circulation. It is found that approximately 80% of blood flow increases with radiation. The governing equations are analytically solved by using Homotopy analysis method with the help of the symbolic software Mathematica. The results of the velocity, pressure rise, temperature, solutal (species) concentration, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles are graphically
shown.
Pre‐ and post‐earthquake regional loss assessment using deep learning
Authors: Kim Taeyong , Song Junho , Kwon Oh‐Sung 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAs urban systems become more highly sophisticated and interdependent, their vulnerability to earthquake events exhibits a significant level of uncertainties. Thus, community‐level seismic risk assessments are indispensable to facilitate decision making for effective hazard mitigation and disaster responses. To this end, new frameworks for pre‐ and post‐earthquake regional loss assessments are proposed using deep learning methods. First, to improve the accuracy of the response prediction of individual structures during the pre‐earthquake loss assessment, a widely used nonlinear static procedure is replaced by the recently developed probabilistic deep neural network model. The variabilities of the nonlinear responses of a structural system given the seismic intensity can be quantified during the loss assessment process. Second, to facilitate near‐real‐time post‐earthquake loss assessments, an adaptive algorithm, which identifies the optimal number and locations of sensors in a given urban area, is proposed. Using a deep neural network that estimates area‐wide structural damage given the spatial distribution of the seismic intensity levels as a surrogate model, the algorithm adaptively places additional sensors at property lots at which errors from surrogate estimations of the structural damage are the greatest. Note that the surrogate model is constructed before earthquake events using simulated datasets. To test and demonstrate the proposed frameworks, the paper introduces thorough numerical investigations of two hypothetical urban communities. The proposed frameworks using the deep learning methods are expected to make critical advances in pre‐ and post‐earthquake regional loss assessments.
Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products
Authors: Entrop Oliver , Fischer Georg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvaluating more than 317,000 discount certificates in the German secondary market, we find that premiums and spreads are endogenous and negatively related but depend on different key determinants. The fundamental determinants of the premiums are mainly profit‐related, that is, dividends of the underlying, issuers’ credit risk, lifecycle effect, and competition, whereas hedging costs are less important. However, initial hedging costs (IHC) are priced into the premium in the case of large inventory changes. The spread is mostly determined by hedging costs and risk components, such as IHCs, rebalancing costs, volatility, scalper risk, and overnight gap risk—but also by dividends.
Frequency‐specific changes in the default mode network in patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy
Authors: Leng Xuerong , Xiang Jing , Yang Yingxue , Yu Tao , Qi Xiaohong , Zhang Xiating , Wu Siqi , Wang Yuping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo identify abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network in cingulate gyrus epilepsy, which may yield new information about the default mode network and suggest a new cingulate gyrus epilepsy biomarker. Fifteen patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy (mean age = 21 years) and 15 healthy controls (mean age = 24 years) were studied in the resting state using magnetoencephalography. Twelve brain areas of interest in the default mode network were extracted and investigated with multifrequency signals that included alpha (α, 8–13 Hz), beta (β, 14–30 Hz), and gamma (γ, 31–80 Hz) band oscillations. Patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy had significantly greater connectivity in all three frequency bands (α, β, γ). A frequency‐specific elevation of functional connectivity was found in patients compared to controls. The greater functional connectivity in the γ band was significantly more prominent than that of the α and β bands. Patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy and controls differed significantly in functional connectivity between the left angular gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex in the α, β, and γ bands. The results of the node degree analysis were similar to those of the functional connectivity analysis. Our findings reveal for the first time that brain activity in the γ band may play a key role in the default mode network in cingulate gyrus epilepsy. Altered functional connectivity of the left angular gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex may be a new biomarker for cingulate gyrus epilepsy.
Iodine‐catalyzed ultrasound‐assisted construction of pyridines and their glutamine synthetase molecular docking
Authors: Pagadala Ramakanth , Kasi Venkatesan , Perugu Shyam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIodine‐promoted facile protocol is designed for the production of pyridines at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. Eleven pyridine derivatives in excellent yields (91–97%) are synthesized with 2 hr reaction time. Additional advantage of the proposed ultrasound‐assisted eco‐friendly, cost‐effective protocol is easy separation of product, and our in silico studies show good binding affinity toward binding and made strong hydrogen interactions.
Sarcopenia is attenuated by TRB3 knockout in aging mice via the alleviation of atrophy and fibrosis of skeletal muscles
Authors: Shang Guo‐Kai , Han Lu , Wang Zhi‐Hao , Liu Ya‐Peng , Yan Sen‐Bo , Sai Wen‐Wen , Wang Di , Li Yi‐Hui , Zhang Wei , Zhong Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia causes several adverse events in elderly people. Muscle fibre atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are the main histopathological changes in sarcopenia and account for decreased muscle function. Tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) was previously reported to exhibit age‐related expression and play a vital role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate how TRB3 affects sarcopenia.MethodsWild‐type and TRB3 knockout C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into young and old groups. Exercise capacity was evaluated, and single‐muscle function was detected by electrophysiological techniques, after which the mice were sacrificed to collect their gastrocnemius muscles for assessment of atrophy and fibrosis by histopathological and molecular biological methods. TRB3 expression, autophagy level, and MAPK signalling pathway activity were evaluated through western blotting. The interaction of TRB3 with P62 and the association between TRB3 and the MAPK signalling pathway were detected by co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsIn aged mice, exercise capacity and cross‐sectional area of skeletal muscle fibres were decreased significantly, whereas TRB3, atrophy‐related markers atrogin 1 and MuRF 1, and interstitial fibrosis, including collagen volume fraction, contents of collagens I and III, and ratio of collagens I to III, were increased significantly (P < 0.05 for all). Following TRB3 knockout, the cross‐sectional area of muscle fibres, mainly fast fibres, was elevated (P < 0.05 for both), the atrogin 1 expression was decreased (P = 0.0163), and the corresponding tetanic force of fast muscles was increased (P = 0.0398). Conversely, interstitial fibrosis was substantially decreased and exercise capacity was significantly increased in the knockout mice. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, the autophagy receptor p62 was markedly increased and the MAPK signalling pathway was activated in aged skeletal muscles, which might be attributed to the interaction of TRB3 with p62 and MAPKKs, including MEK1/MEK2, MEK3/MEK6, and MEK4/MKK4. Notably, TRB3 knockout reduced the accumulation of p62 and LC3 (P < 0.05 for both), decreased the phosphorylation of JNK (P = 0.0015), and increased p38 phosphorylation (P = 0.0021).ConclusionsTRB3 knockout in mice attenuated muscle fibre atrophy and reduced skeletal muscle fibrosis by increasing autophagy and inhibiting the MAPK signalling pathway. Correspondingly, in aged knockout mice, exercise capacity was improved. Interfering with TRB3 expression in aged skeletal muscles may serve as a target for the prevention and treatment of age‐related sarcopenia.
Microbial dysbiosis in irritable bowel syndrome: A single‐center metagenomic study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Masoodi Ibrahim , Alshanqeeti Ali S , Alyamani Essam J , AlLehibi Abed A , Alqutub Adel N , Alsayari Khalid N , Alomair Ahmed O 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe focus of this study was to explore potential differences in colonic mucosal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients compared to a control group utilizing a metagenomic study.MethodsMucosal microbiota samples were collected from each IBS patient utilizing jet‐flushing colonic mucosa in unified segments of the colon with distilled water, followed by aspiration, during colonoscopy. All the purified dsDNA was extracted and quantified before metagenomic sequencing using an Illumina platform. An equal number of healthy age‐matched controls were also examined for colonic mucosal microbiota, which were obtained during screening colonoscopies.ResultsThe microbiota data on 50 IBS patients (31 females), with a mean age 43.94 ± 14.50 (range19–65), were analyzed in comparison to 50 controls. Satisfactory DNA samples were subjected to metagenomics study, followed by comprehensive comparative phylogenetic analysis. Metagenomics analysis was carried out, and 3.58G reads were sequenced. Community richness (Chao) and microbial structure in IBS patients were shown to be significantly different from those in the control group. Enrichment of Oxalobacter formigenes, Sutterella wadsworthensis, and Bacteroides pectinophilus was significantly observed in controls, whereas enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens, Gemella morbillorum, and Veillonella parvula Actinobacteria was observed significantly in the IBS cohort.ConclusionThe current study has demonstrated significant differences in the microbiota of IBS patients compared to controls.
Understanding of COVID‐19 based on current evidence
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Lu Xiaosheng , Xu Chao , Sun Wenjuan , Pan Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV). On 11 February 2020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019‐nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID‐19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID‐19 epidemic.
Determination of personal care products in water using UHPLC–MS after solid phase extraction with mesoporous silica‐based MCM‐41 functionalized with cyanopropyl groups
Authors: Kharbouche Leila , Gil García María Dolores , Lozano Ana , Hamaizi Hadj , Martínez Galera María 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA silica‐based MCM‐41 mesoporous material functionalized with cyanopropyl groups has been synthesized by cocondensation, characterized and applied to preconcentrate six parabens and three UV filters in river and swimming‐pool waters. The analytes were quantified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, according to the Directive 96/23/EC. Even though matrix effect was negligible, quantification in river water samples with the standard addition approach improved the recoveries obtained using solvent‐based and even with matrix‐matched calibration. The method quantification limits in river water samples were 0.05 ng/mL for 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone and 0.01 ng/mL for the rest. Recoveries, evaluated for a concentration level of 0.5 ng/L, were in the range 93.5‐107.6% for parabens and in the range 64.2‐85.8% for UV filters, with relative standard deviations intraday ≤10.2 and 10.8%, respectively. This parameter, evaluated for a concentration level of 0.1 ng/L, ranged between 98.3 and 110.4% for parabens and between 61.9 and 89.9% for UV filters, with relative standard deviation intraday ≤15.3 and 15.5%, respectively. The two UV filters with lower recoveries were the most affected by the addition of sodium chloride. River and swimming pool waters were analyzed and all the personal care products were found in the swimming pool water, whereas only methylparaben was detected in the river water.
Effect of surface texture on the improvement of tribological performance of ring‐deformed liner conjunction under different oil supplies
Authors: Liu Cheng , Lu Yanjun , Zhang Yongfang , Li Sha , Chen Ang , Kang Jianxiong , Müller Norbert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, a tribological performance analysis is numerically conducted for a surface‐textured ring‐deformed liner conjunction. In the analysis, three different distribution patterns of surface texture are designed and machined on the surface of ring. To evaluate the frictional properties of the textured rings under mixed lubrication regime, a transient lubrication model considering the oil film thermal effect is developed. Meanwhile, to evaluate the oil film consumption and the transition of lubrication condition in an engine cycle, an oil transport model is built to determine the boundary positions of lubrication zone. Based on the models, the oil consumption, MOFT (minimum oil film thickness), friction force, power loss, and FMEP (friction mean effective pressure) value of the textured ring are studied under different oil supplies. The frictional characteristics of the rings with various distribution patterns of surface texture are also analyzed and compared. The results show that the edge‐textured ring can improve the tribological performance significantly, and the improvement varies with the oil supply.
Stainless steels: Passive film composition, pitting potentials, and critical chloride content in concrete
Authors: Elsener Bernhard , Fantauzzi Marzia , Rossi Antonella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStainless steel reinforcing bars show excellent corrosion resistance in concrete structures exposed to harsh environments. Only a little information on the surface chemistry of these materials in alkaline media is available. This study reports the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analytical results (thickness, composition of the passive film and of the interface beneath the film) obtained on black steel, FeCr alloys, DIN 1.4301, DIN 1.4462 and the nickel‐free DIN 1.4456 after exposure to alkaline solutions simulating concrete. The pitting potentials of the steels could be related to the Cr(III)oxy‐hydroxide and Mo(VI) content in the passive film. Ccrit, the critical chloride content for corrosion initiation in concrete, necessary for life‐time predictions, can be determined only with time‐consuming tests, especially for high‐alloyed stainless steel. This study reports a correlation between Ccrit in concrete (made with CEM II‐A/LL and CEM I) and the pitting potential for carbon steel, Fe12%Cr alloy, DIN 1.4301, and DIN 1.4571 stainless steels. This could allow, for the first time, a quantitative estimation of Ccrit for stainless steel in concrete based on short‐term solution tests.
Temperature and Redox‐Responsive Hydrogels Based on Nitroxide Radicals and Oligoethyleneglycol Methacrylate
Authors: Khodeir Miriam , Antoun Sayed , van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA temperature and redox‐responsive polymer hydrogel is constructed by randomly incorporating 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy‐methacrylate (TEMPO) stable nitroxide radicals and oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate (OEGMA) groups in a polymer network. TEMPO can be reversibly oxidized into an oxoammonium cation (TEMPO+) providing the redox‐responsive properties while the lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of OEGMA results in temperature‐responsive properties. Since a rather low amount of di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (OEGMA2) is used to chemically crosslink the polymer network, the accordingly formed hydrogels obtained after swelling with water consist of microgel particles with entangled polymer chains that are not chemically crosslinked. By varying the amount of TEMPO in the polymer network, it is demonstrated that the radical form of TEMPO aggregates into hydrophobic domains acting as physical crosslinking nodes in the hydrogels and further increasing the cohesion between microgel particles. Increasing the temperature results in two opposite effects on the solubility of TEMPO and OEGMA units. The oxidation of TEMPO into TEMPO+ also results in a deep change in the hydrogel properties since TEMPO+ units are essentially hydrophilic and do not aggregate into physical crosslinking nodes.
Double Dianhydride Backbone Polyimide Aerogels with Enhanced Thermal Insulation for High‐Temperature Applications
Authors: Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh Shahriar , Alshrah Mohammed , Saadatnia Zia , Park Chul B. , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAerogels owe their high thermal insulation and other unique properties to their nanostructure configuration. However, controlling the aerogels' morphology is always a scientific challenge. In this study, double dianhydride backbone (double backbone) polyimide aerogels with tailored nanostructure assembly are created for the first time. This is achieved by controlled polymerization reaction of oligomers with distinct dianhydride monomers. Combining the two oligomers through a controlled polymerization reaction is a successful strategy for tailoring the aerogels nanostructure assembly as well as other properties. The fabricated double backbone aerogel presents 40% reduced thermal conductivity of 19.7 mW mK−1 over previously studied polyimide aerogels along with the compression modulus of 1.64 MPa at a relatively low density of 0.068 g cm−3. Such low thermal conductivity is comparable with the inorganic counterparts. Light in weight and high thermally insulated polyimide aerogels with suitable mechanical properties and high service temperature are an appropriate replacement for current fireproof insulation materials.