bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin does not change cardiac index nor systemic vascular resistance but rapidly improves left ventricular filling pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study&nbsp;
Authors: Rau Matthias , Thiele Kirsten , Hartmann Niels-Ulrik Korbinian , Schuh Alexander , Altiok Ertunc , Möllmann Julia , Keszei András P. , Böhm Michael , Marx Nikolaus , Lehrke Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial) treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin significantly reduced heart failure hospitalization (HHF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and established cardiovascular disease. The early separation of the HHF event curves within the first 3 months of the trial suggest that immediate hemodynamic effects may play a role. However, hitherto no data exist on early effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on hemodynamic parameters and cardiac function. Thus, this study examined early and delayed effects of empagliflozin treatment on hemodynamic parameters including systemic vascular resistance index, cardiac index, and stroke volume index, as well as echocardiographic measures of cardiac function.Methods: In this placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind, exploratory study patients with T2D were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo for a period of 3 months. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were assessed after 1 day, 3 days and 3 months of treatment. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different in the empagliflozin (n=22) and placebo (n=20) group. Empagliflozin led to a significant increase in urinary glucose excretion (baseline: 7.3 ± 22.7 g/24 hrs; day 1: 48.4 ± 34.7 g/24 hrs; p<0.001) as well as urinary volume (1740 ± 601 mL/24 hrs to 2112 ± 837 mL/24 hrs; p=0.011) already after one day compared to placebo. Treatment with empagliflozin had no effect on the primary endpoint of systemic vascular resistance index, nor on cardiac index, stroke volume index or pulse rate at any time point. In addition, echocardiography showed no difference in left ventricular systolic function as assessed by left ventricular ejections fraction and strain analysis. However, empagliflozin significantly improved left ventricular filling pressure as assessed by a reduction of early mitral inflow velocity relative to early diastolic left ventricular relaxation (E/e’) which became significant at day 1 of treatment (baseline: 9.2 ± 2.6; day 1: 8.5 ± 2.2; p=0.005) and remained apparent throughout the study. This was primarily attributable to reduced early mitral inflow velocity E (baseline: 0.8 ± 0.2 m/sec; day 1: 0.73 ± 0.2 m/sec; p=0.003). Conclusions: Empagliflozin treatment of patients with T2D has no significant effect on hemodynamic parameters after 1 or 3 days, nor after 3 months, but leads to rapid and sustained significant improvement of diastolic function.
Multicenter, open-label, two-arm pilot trial for safety reduction of basal insulin dose combined with SGLT2 inhibitor in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A study protocol for RISING-STAR
Authors: Hamaguchi Masahide , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Tanaka Toru , Hasegawa Goji , Ishii Michiyo , Okada Hiroshi , Mitsuhashi Kazuteru , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Ushigome Emi , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background SGLT2 inhibitor combined with insulin is a novel therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Without the reduction of basal insulin, hypoglycemia could occur frequently in this therapy. However, ketoacidosis is an undesirable adverse effect in cases with basal insulin reduction. Methods This was a multicenter, open-label, two-arm study. Sixty subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited from 7 hospitals. Subjects whose basal insulin daily dose to total daily insulin dose (TDD) ratio was < 0.4 were instructed not to reduce the basal insulin dose but to reduce the bolus insulin dose by 10% (Group A), and subjects with a basal-to-TDD ratio > 0.4 were instructed to reduce the basal insulin dose by 10% (Group B). We hypothesized that the frequency of hypoglycemia would be reduced in Group B. The primary outcome was the frequency of hypoglycemia per day during the intervention period (administration of SGLT2 inhibitor) as determined by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The baseline number of hypoglycemic attacks was set at 7 ± 6 times/month. The minimum sample size required to achieve a significance of 0.05 for a one-sided t-test with a statistical power of 80% was determined. When the sample size was 26 patients in one group, the percent increase in hypoglycemia was more than 60%; thus, the sample size was estimated to be sufficient. The secondary outcome was the frequency of ketosis before and after the intervention. We aimed to confirm that the frequency of ketosis does not increase in Group B compared with Group A. The frequency of adverse events, including the frequency of hypoglycemia detected using flash glucose monitoring (FGM), was set as the safety endpoint. Discussion The RISING-STAR study will contribute results from a two-arm randomized trial in which a reduction in basal insulin dose is indicated or no reduction in basal insulin dose is instructed for concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 1 diabetes to prevent the development of hypoglycemia.Trial registration Registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs051190114) on March 2, 2020.
Spatial inequality, characteristics of internal migration, and pulmonary tuberculosis in China, 2011–2017: A spatial analysis
Authors: He Wen-Chong , Ju Ke , Gao Ya-Min , Zhang Pei , Zhang Yin-Xia , Jiang Ye , Liao Weibin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Human migration facilitate the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Migrants face an increased risk of TB infection. In this study, we aim to explore the spatial inequity of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the spatial heterogeneity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Methods: Notified SS + PTB cases in 31 provinces in mainland China were obtained from the national web-based PTB surveillance system database. Internal migrant data were extracted from the report on China’s migrant population development. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial variation in temporal trends was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Fixed effect and spatial autoregressive models were used to explore the spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Results: A total of 2 380 233 SS+PTB cases were reported in China between 2011 and 2017, of which, 1 716 382 (72.11%) were male and 663 851 (27.89%) were female. Over 70% of internal migrants were from rural households and had lower income and less education. The spatial variation in temporal trend results showed that there was an 9.9% average annual decrease in the notification rate of SS + PTB from 2011 to 2017; and spatial clustering of SS + PTB cases was mainly located in western and southern China. The spatial autocorrelation results revealed spatial clustering of internal migration each year (2011–2017), and the clusters were stable within most provinces. Internal emigration, urban-to-rural migration and GDP per capita were significantly associated with SS + PTB, further, internal emigration could explain more variation in SS + PTB in the eastern region in mainland. However, internal immigration and rural-to-urban migration were not significantly associated with SS + PTB across China. Conclusions: Our study found the spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Internal emigration, urban-to-rural migration and GDP per capita were statistically associated with SS + PTB; the negative association was identified between internal emigration, urban-to-rural migration and SS + PTB. Further, we found those migrants with lower income and less education, and most of them were from rural households. These findings can help stakeholders to implement effective PTB control strategies for areas at high risk of PTB and those with high rates of internal migration.
Freeze-drying and hot-pressing strategy to embed two-dimensional Ti0.87O2 monolayers in commercial polypropylene films with enhanced dielectric properties
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Cai Cailing , Wu Zeyi , Zhang Chenchen , Yin Ting , Lao Sijia , Yan Fei , linfeng Hu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dielectric capacitor has been widely used in advanced electronic and electrical power systems due to their capability of ultrafast charging-discharging and ultrahigh power density. Nevertheless, their energy density is still limited by the low dielectric constant (≈ 2.2) of the commercial dielectric polypropylene (PP). The conventional enhancement strategy by embedding inorganic fillers in PP matrix is still difficult and challenging due to that PP hardly dissolves in any inorganic/organic solvent. In this work, we develop a new strategy including freeze-drying, surface functionalization and hot-pressing to incorporate Ti0.87O2 monolayers in PP film. A series of uniform composited Ti0.87O2@PP film has been successfully fabricated with Ti0.87O2 content range of 0-15 wt%. The maximum dielectric constant of the as-prepared Ti0.87O2@PP film is 3.27 when the Ti0.87O2 content is 9 wt%, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of pure PP. Our study provides a feasible strategy to embed two-dimensional material into commercial PP thin-film with superior dielectric performance for practical application.
Changes in newly notified cases and control of tuberculosis in China: time-series analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Wang Yesheng , Zhu Wenlong , Li Tao , Chen Wei , Wang Wei-bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: China has made progress in tuberculosis control, but this disease remains a burden in many regions of China. We performed time-series analysis to examine changes in the rates of newly notified and newly smear-positive cases of tuberculosis in different regions of China from 1997 to 2018 and assessed the effect of the current control program. Methods: National and provincial notification data on tuberculosis from 1997 to 2018, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, were extracted from the Chinese public health science data center. The annual percentage changes in newly notified and smear-positive cases were analyzed using a joinpoint regression method. Results: There were 18,646,672 newly notified tuberculosis cases from 1997 to 2018, with the greatest number in 2005. A total of 6,605,414 of these cases (35.42%) were smear-positive cases. Most provinces had significant declines in newly notified and smear-positive cases during the most recent years. The declines in newly notified cases were faster in the eastern and central provinces than in the western provinces. Conclusions: The burden of tuberculosis has been declining throughout China during recent years, but tuberculosis in western China continues to be a public health emergency that needs to be urgently addressed. Effective prevention and control strategies are needed for regions with high disease burdens and those with increasing or unchanging numbers of newly notified and smear-positive cases of tuberculosis.
Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on bone formation on titanium
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Du Liangzhi , Zhao Ningbo , Zhu Lizhe , Wang Lei , Chang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, researchers have found that exosomes, an important component of intercellular signal transduction and exchange, have great significance in bone tissue repair. In this study, to further promote the development of oral implants, preliminary in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the different concentrations of exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) for osteogenesis on the surfaces of titanium sheets.Methods: In this experiment, rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) were seeded on the surfaces of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm square titanium sheets and were divided into four groups to investigate their adsorption, proliferation and osteogenesis after treatment with different concentrations of BMSC-exos: 1. BMSCs + titanium + 0 µg/ml BMSC-exos; 2. BMSCs + titanium + 10 µg/ml BMSC-exos; 3. BMSCs + titanium + 25 µg/ml BMSC-exos; and 4. BMSCs + titanium + 50 µg/ml BMSC-exos.Results: Compared with the control group, BMSCs’ adsorption, extension, proliferation and osteogenesis on titanium sheets were significantly increased in the Exosomes group.Conclusions: Exosomes can promote the bone formation of BMSCs on titanium plates by promoting adsorption, extension, proliferation, production of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and type I collagen and mineralization during the osteogenesis process.
Lateral Variations of Electrical Conductivity in the Lower Mantle Constrained by Swarm and CryoSat-2 Missions
Authors: Velímský Jakub , Knopp Ondřej 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electrical conductivity is an important geophysical parameter connected to the thermal, chemical, and mineralogical state of the Earth's mantle. In this paper we apply the previously developed methodology of forward and inverse EM induction modelling to the latest version of satellite-derived spherical harmonic coefficients of external and internal magnetic field, and obtain the first 3-D mantle conductivity models with contributions from Swarm and CryoSat-2 satellite data. We recover degree 3 conductivity structures which partially overlap with the shape of the large low-shear velocity provinces in the lower mantle.
What SDG6 is about: ‘sustainable management’ or ‘rational use’?
Authors: Demydenko Andriy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the Global Water Partnership partner experience in the introduction of risk-based Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) into the Ukrainian water policy. We concluded that some proper ‘expressions’ and concepts have already been introduced into Ukrainian legislation, but not the accepted ‘meanings’ of such concepts as IWRM, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and water security. The concept of ‘sustainable management’, in the Russian version of Water SDG6, is translated as ‘rational use’ but no one can explain why. We suggest that such a misunderstanding happened since Ukrainian decision-makers still perceive themselves only as water users who are not obligated to achieve any development goals. Therefore, they are quite comfortable with the existing normative approach to water management where the objectives are compliance with defined norms and ensuring water security, which is understood as an absence of any water risk solely to humans, rather than the environment at large. Keeping in mind that true science starts with measurable values, and recognizing that you cannot manage if you cannot measure, we propose to change this false understanding of water security and sustainability that is inherent in the outmoded concept of ‘rational use’. Such a shift is only possible by switching to a measurable goal-oriented approach and risk management in water policy.
Depression among children at shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia
Authors: Rauf Siti Hajar Abdul , Ismail Asmah , Razali Nuratikah Azima , Maliki Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi 
Published: November 2020

Background: Depression is a state of psychological disease that occurs to someone divers in age due to certain reasons. Among the factors include lack of self-confidence, problematic family, stress, low self-esteem and social environment. It could lead to a mental disorder that endangers the mental health. Aim: To investigate the status of children depression using the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) at 21 shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia. Methodology: Quantitative research design was used. The sample consists of 404 respondents from 21 Islamic shelter cares such as Tahfiz, Madrasah and Orphanage in Terengganu Malaysia from the age of 10 to 18 years. Data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) which then computed to identify the most dominant factors whereas reducing the initial five parameters with recommended >0.50 of factor loading. Results: Forward stepwise of DA shows the total of groups validation percentage by 92.08% (17 independent). The result showed that the highest frequency of respondent index was at a moderate level (62.87% respondents). This showed that children still can be controlled and cared to reduce depression.
Keywords: Children Depression Index, Depression, Children, Institution, Shelter Care
Types of Coping as a Determinant of Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Malhotra Shahzadi , Khan Waheeda , Bhatia Manjeet Singh 
Published: November 2020

Background: It is well established that caregivers of children with developmental disabilities experience greater stress than caregivers of children without developmental disabilities. However, the experience of stress is dependent on the types of coping strategies that are used to manage stress. Such stress also affects the quality of life (QoL) of parents. Thus, parents of children with disabilities have specific mental health needs which play an important role in affecting their own and their child's QoL. Aim: To study coping as a determinant of QoL of mothers of children with intellectual disability (ID) and children with autism. Methodology: The sample consisted of 100 mothers of children (between 5-12 years of age) selected with purposive sampling, having an ID (n=50) or autism (n=50), diagnosed as per ICD-10 DCR criteria. In addition, the diagnostic assessment was also based on psychometric testing. Types of coping were assessed using Ways of Coping Questionnaires. QoL of caregivers was assessed by WHOQoL-BREF. Result: Multiple regression analysis revealed that seeking social support and planful problem solving were significant determinants of all four domains of QoL. Escape avoidance was a significant determinant of physical, psychological and social domains of QoL of mothers. Positive reappraisal significantly predicted the psychological and social domains of QoL in mothers. Conclusion: Types of coping are the determinant of QoL of mothers of children with ID and autism.
Keywords: Quality of life, coping, autism
Who is a psychiatric social worker anyway?: A burning debate in India
Authors: Sahu Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 defined various mental health professional which including "Psychiatric Social Workerâ€ which hasten an ongoing debate on the qualification of a Psychiatric Social Worker. This write up will critically discuss some of the issues related to this debate. Since it is deemed necessary to have an open and inclusive perspective for the profession to practice efficiently and effectively in a very competitive contemporary era; where many other disciplines are competing not only to excel in the field practice but also on the ground of grabbing opportunities like employment, getting prominence, having policies in their favour, consuming maximum share of available resources and getting remuneration other.
Keywords: Psychiatric social work, India, Mental Health Act
ON THE POSITIVE PELL EQUATION y^2 = 72x^2 + 36
Authors: Gopalan M.A. , Kavitha A. , Mary A.Jesintha 
Published: November 2020

The binary quadratic equation represented by the positive pellian Y2 = 72X2 + 36 is analysed for its distinct integer solutions. A few interesting relations among the solutions are given. Further, employing the solutions of the above hyperbola, we have obtained solutions of other choices of hyperbolas, parabolas and special Pythagorean triangle.
UNDERSTANDING YOGASUTRA: A FRAMEWORK FOR ECOLOGICAL VIRTUE ETHICS
Authors: Sreevidya P.S. 
Published: November 2020

This is an endeavor to seek the possibilities of the application of ethical principles of yoga in present day of ecological issues. The relevance of this research paper is evident from the fact that ecological issues are not only scientific but also an ethical and this research paper is reliable and informative in the extent that it seeks to challenge the existing relationship between human beings and nature with the description of the present crisis of ecology as a crisis of human-nature relationship. To talk of ecological issues signifies that most of the issues may occur because of the attitude and behavior patterns of man towards environment. The confluence of ethical principles of yoga and ecology offer profoundly relevant response to the ecological issues and brings forth an ecological virtue ethics, which care for all natural entities with main focus of the relationship between man and environment. It offer systematic framework for understanding the traits of character and types of action that cause problems for environment. Yoga approach on ecology is intrinsic in nature, which includes moral expansionism that tries to expand outward from human centered ethics towards animals and sentient life in general. All life forms of plants and animals are interrelated and have an intrinsic value. Ethical principles of yoga give greater importance to the attitude of the mind rather than on postulation of the elaborate theories of what is right and wrong. So the virtues of yoga ethics would be used as a remedy towards changing an attitude of the common man towards his environment.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI INVESTOR INDIVIDU DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Oktaryani G A Sri , Abdul Manan Siti Sofiyah 
Published: November 2020

This study is aimed to identify the factors that influence investment decision making by individual investors in the city of Mataram. Due to the importance of investment decision for individual investor, various factors surely are taken into consideration before deciding into some kind of invesment transaction. Survey is conducted on 100 people from different age groups and professions in the city of Mataram. Most of the respondents choose to invest in asset such as real estate and gold, only a few of them choose market securities as investment. The results of the factor analysis show that there are five factors which affect investment decisions of individual investors in the city Mataram, namely financial literacy, advice and protection, future needs, time duration of investment, and risk and return. Keywords: investment decision, individual investor, financial literacy, advice, future needs,time duration, risk and return