bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of SHROOM3-rs17319721 with GFR in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Sun Xue-Hui , Jiang Xiao-Yan , Chen Ze-Kun , Chen Jie , Bao Zhi-Jun , Wang Xiao-Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background

To explore the associations of several genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese Han population.

Methods

Data of 1788 community-dwelling elders from the baseline survey of the ageing arm of the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study was used. Plasma creatinine based GFR was estimated using the eGFR-EPI equations.

Results

Of the 10 selected polymorphisms identified in GWAS of the European ancestry, rs17319721 located in the first intron of the SHROOM3, was associated with GFR. A allele was associated with both decreased GFR level and greater odds of GFR decrease (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, p=0.029) defined by GFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m2 after adjusting for multiple confounds of CKD. In addition, compared with rs17319721-GG genotype, AA was associated with both higher depressive score and greater risk of depression prevalence, showing a pleiotropic effects of rs17319721. However, we did not found significant association of GFR levels with another 42 common polymorphisms that was previously reported to be associated with the traditional risk factors of kidney diseases.

Conclusions

SHROOM3-rs17319721 was associated with GFR levels, kidney impairment, and depressive symptoms in a Chinese population.
Motorcycle-related trauma: effects of age and site of injuries on mortality. A single-center, retrospective study.
Authors: Granieri Stefano , Reitano Elisa , Bindi Francesca , Renzi Federica , Sammartano Fabrizio , Cimbanassi Stefania , Gupta Shailvi , Chiara Osvaldo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMotorcyclists are often victims of road traffic incidents. Though elderly patients seem to have worse survival outcomes and sustain more severe injuries than younger patients, concordance in the literature for this does not exist. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of age and injury severity on the mortality of patients undergoing motorcycle trauma. MethodsData of 1725 patients consecutively admitted to our Trauma Center were selected from 2002 to 2016 and retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into three age groups: ≤ 17 years, 18-54 years and ≥ 55 years. Mortality rates were analyzed for the overall population and patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 25. Differences in survival among age groups were evaluated with Log-Rank test and multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify independent predictors of mortality.ResultsA lower survival rate was detected in patients older than 55 years (83,6% vs 94,7%; p = 0.049) and in those sustaining critical injuries (ISS ≥ 25, 61% vs 83% p = 0.021). Age (p =0,027; OR: 1,03), ISS (p <0,001; OR: 1,09), Revised Trauma Score (RTS) (p <0,001; OR: 0,47) resulted independent predictors of death. Multivariate analysis identified head (p <0,001; OR: 2,04), chest (p <0,001; OR: 1,54), abdominal (p <0,001; OR: 1,37) and pelvic (p =0,014; OR: 1,26) injuries as independent risk factors related to mortality as well. Compared to the theoretical probability of survival, patients of all age groups showed a survival advantage when managed at a level I Trauma Center.ConclusionsWe detected anatomical injury distributions and mortality rates among three age groups. Patients aging more than 55 years had an increased risk of death, with a prevalence of severe chest injuries, while younger patients sustained more severe head trauma. Age represented an independent predictor of death. Management of these patients at a Level I Trauma Center may lead to improved outcomes.
Impact of Climate Factors in Modeling and Predicting the Transmission of Meningitis in Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Tall Haoua , Yaméogo Issaka , Novak Ryan , Ouedraogo Lionel L , Ouedraogo Ousmane , Essoh T Alima , Moisi Jennifer C , Baguinebie Bazongo , Sakande Souleymane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Meningitis is a major cause of morbidity in the world. Previous studies showed that climate factors influence the occurrence of meningitis. A multiple linear regression model was developed to forecast meningitis cases in Burkina Faso using climate factors. However, the multivariate linear regression model based on times series data may produce fallacious results given the autocorrelation of errors.Aims The aim of the study is to develop a model to quantify the effect of climate factors on meningitis cases, and then predict the expected weekly incidences of meningitis for each district.Data and methods The weekly cases of meningitis come from the Ministry of Health and covers the period 2005-2017. Climate data were collected daily in 10 meteorological stations from 2005 to 2017 and were provided by the national meteorological Agency of Burkina Faso. An ARIMAX and a multivariate linear regression model were estimated separately for each district.Results The multivariate linear model is inappropriate to model the number of meningitis cases due to autocorrelation of errors. With the ARIMAX Model, Temperature is significantly associated with an increase of meningitis cases in 3 of 10 districts, while relative humidity is significantly associated with a decrease of meningitis cases in 3 of the 10 districts. The effect of wind speed and precipitation is not significant at the 5% level in all 10 districts. The prediction of meningitis cases with 8 test observations provides an average absolute error ranging from 0.99 in Boromo and Bogandé to 7.22 in the district of Ouagadougou.Conclusion The ARIMAX model is more appropriate than the multivariate linear model to analyze the dynamics of meningitis cases. Climatic factors such as temperature and relative humidity have a significant influence on the occurrence of meningitis in Burkina Faso; the temperature influences it positively and the relative humidity influences it negatively.
Autogeny in Culiseta longiareolata (Culicidae: Diptera) Mosquitoes in Laboratory Conditions in Iran
Authors: Khaligh Fereshteh Ghahvechi , Naghian Abdollah , Soltanbeiglou Shadiyeh , Gholizadeh Saber 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesCuliseta longiareolata is a cosmopolitan species and has implicated in the transmission of avian malaria, tularemia, and arboviruses. Despite the wide sprite distribution of Cs. longiareolata in Iran, little is known about its biology and physiology. The current research was conducted to study the autogeny behavior in this potential vector. Larval and pupa collected from Nazloo district in Urmia using standard methods during 2018. Mosquitoes were reared in cages and fed by 5% sugar for in lab condition. They were dissected in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) under a stereomicroscope. ResultsTwo hundred thirty adults of female Cs. longiareolata mosquitoes were dissected. Egg rafts were observed in the ovary of 10.86 % unfed female mosquitoes. The autogeny behavior is a significant factor in the increase of population without a blood-feeding. It is necessary to study how autogenous affect mosquito-borne-diseases.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade Strategies and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Septic and Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chou Ruey-Hsing , Yang Shang-Feng , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Tsai Yi-Lin , Lu Ya-Wen , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, but the usage of angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) demands caution due to a potential risk of causing acute kidney injury (AKI). Whether long-term RAAS blockade increases AKI risk and should be withdrawn during critical illness remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the associations between RAAS blockade strategies and AKI incidence in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: Twenty-four hundred dialysis-free patients admitted to ICUs during December 2015–July 2017 were enrolled. Patients with pre-ICU AKI (n=568) were excluded when examining in-ICU AKI events. Patients using ACEi or ARB for more than 1 month before hospitalization were defined as long-term ACEi/ARB users. ACEi/ARB users were further grouped by ACEi/ARB continuation/withdrawal at ICU admission. Daily urine output and serum creatinine were measured in ICU. The primary outcome was occurrence of AKI within 48 hours after ICU admission, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality within 1 year. Results: Totally 1181 (49.2%) AKI cases and 895 (37.3%) deaths within 1 year occurred. ACEis/ARBs were continued for 122 patients and withdrawn for 239 patients. ACEi/ARB users were older and had lower initial estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). Compared with non-use, long-term ACEi/ARB use [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.26, p=0.741] and continued ICU use (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.78–1.68, p=0.491) were not associated with increased AKI risk. ACEi/ARB use was associated with less 1-year mortality. However, compared with withdrawal, continued ACEi/ARB use in ICUs was associated with higher AKI incidence among patients with sepsis (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.35–6.20, p=0.006). Conclusions: Long-term RAAS blockade was not associated with a higher AKI or mortality incidence during acute illness. Continued ACEi/ARB use in ICUs may increase AKI risk in septic patients. Long-term and continued ACEi/ARB use are recommended, with cautious evaluation at ICU admission.
Experiences of Iranian women with prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: A qualitative study
Authors: Ranjbar Fahimeh , Oskouie Fatemeh , Dizaji Shahrzad Hashemi , Gharacheh Maryam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Women are more likely to be diagnosed with congenital anomalies. Following prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, women may be forced to make decisions about whether to continue a pregnancy with fetal abnormalities. This can be a dilemma for the women. The aim of the study was to explore women’s experiences of prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in a referral women’s hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Participants were a purposeful sample of 15 women with prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Data were collected by individual, in-depth interviews. The conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Results: Two main themes “emotional suffering” and “decision-making challenge” were extracted from the participants’ experiences. Emotional suffering consisted of subthemes “sense of guilt”, “self-blame”, “questioning of God”, “commiseration” and “projection”. Decision making challenge included subthemes “distrust”, “possible cure”, “dark future”, “economic problems”, “stereotypical beliefs”, “coercion” and “lack of support”. Conclusions: The experience of prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities was associated with emotional suffering and challenges in decision-making to continue or terminate the pregnancy. Strategies need to be employed to improve women’s autonomy in decision-making. Healthcare professionals should be trained in communication skills to provide appropriate counseling to support women with diagnosis of fetal anomalies.
Health Related Quality of Life after Multiple Trauma in Adolescents
Authors: Freigang Viola , Ernstberger Antonio , Zeman Florian , Weber Johannes , Riedl Moritz , Lang Siegmund , Alt Volker , Baumann Florian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose Trauma is still a major burden in global public health. In the past, multiple pieces of trauma research focused on mortality as an outcome parameter. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the global health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents after multiple trauma. Methods We conducted a multicenter prospective registry-based study on patients aged 16-24 years who sustained a multiple trauma (ISS>16). Data acquisition was based on the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (DGU). Additionally, the global HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D score at 6, 12, and 24 months post trauma. Results We identified 77 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. There were 65 male (84%) and 12 female (16%) patients. The average age at time of injury was 20.27 years (±2.34). The mean ISS was 26.4 (±10.58). Six months post multiple trauma, we found an EQ-5D index score of 0.85. The score improved after 12 and 24 months to 0.87. There was no significant correlation between the ISS of any body region and the EQ-5D index value at 6, 12, or 24 months. Conclusions We found a limited HRQoL measured by an EQ-5D index score six months post multiple trauma. There was an improvement in HRQoL from 6 to 12 months and a stable condition between 12 and 24 months after trauma. Compared to normal values of healthy subjects, this still suggests an impairment of HRQoL after multiple trauma.
Acute toxicity of manganese and its role in regulating testicular enzyme activity of male rats at different time points
Authors: Zhu Xiaonian , He Yonghua , Shi Wenxiang , Yang Lin , Sun Yi , Ou Chaoyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In order to provide scientific basis for toxicity evaluation and prevention of manganese, this study aims to investigate acute toxicity and testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in male rats after manganese exposure at different time points.Methods: Under strict control of light/darkness (12 h:12 h), the experimental animals were injected intraperitoneally with MnCl2·4H2O at different zeitgeber time (ZT) after adaptive feeding for 7 days. The acute toxicity test was performed by Kunming mice treated with manganese once and observed for 14 days. LD50 was calculated by improved Karber method according to the death of animals in each group. Short-term repeated manganese exposure was conducted by continuous 30 mg/kg manganese exposure once a day for 21 days. And then the adult SD male rats were killed to detect activities of testicular ALP, ACP and LDH by ELISA at different ZT points the second day after exposure.Results: Acute toxic reactions of mice exposed to manganese were varied at different ZT points. The LD50 at ZT2, ZT8, ZT14 and ZT20 were 472.0 mg/kg, 408.2 mg/kg, 303.3 mg/kg and 358.0 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, short-term repeated manganese exposure could induce the activity changes of ACP, ALP and LDH in testes at different ZT points. ALP increased at ZT20 while decreased at other time points (P<0.05). ACP only decreased at ZT2 (P<0.05). LDH increased at ZT2 and ZT8 (P<0.05), but decreased at ZT14 and ZT20 (P<0.05). In addition, all the testicular enzymes except ACP had interactions between manganese and exposure time.Conclusion: The acute toxicity and function injury of male reproductive caused by manganese exposure are varied at different ZT points. The timing of toxic reaction needs to be considered in the toxicity evaluation of manganese.
Assessment of the Defatting Efficacy of Mechanical and Chemical Treatment for Allograft Cancellous Bone and Its Effects on Biomechanics Properties of Bone
Authors: Hua Kun-chi , Feng Jiang-tao , Yang Xiong-gang , Hu yongcheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background To assess the defatting efficacy of high pressure washing and gradient alcohol and biomechanical properties of defatted bone. Methods Fresh cancellous bone was obtained from the femoral condyle and divided into 6 groups according to different defatting treatments, which were high pressure washing for 10 seconds (10S group), 20 seconds (20S group), 30 seconds (30S group), gradient alcohol immersion (Alcohol group), acetone immersion (Acetone group), and non-defatted (Fresh group). The appearance of 6 groups was observed, comparing the appearance difference between defatted bone and fresh bone. The residual lipid content and infrared spectrum were used to compare the efficacy of defatting, the DNA content was used to compare the cell content after defatting, and the maximum stress and elastic modulus were used to compare the effects of defatting treatment on biomechanical properties. Results The fresh bone was yellow and the pores contained a lot of fat. The defatted bone was white and the porous network was clear. No difference in residual lipid content among the three groups under high pressure washing (1.45 ± 0.16%, 1.40 ± 0.13%, 1.46 ± 0.11%, respectively) ( p = 0.828). No difference in residual lipid content among the 10S, alcohol, and acetone groups (1.45 ± 0.16%, 1.28 ± 0.07%, 1.13 ± 0.22%, respectively) ( p = 0.125). Infrared spectra showed that the fat content of the five defatting groups was significantly lower than that of the fresh group. No difference in residual lipid content among the three groups under high pressure washing (4.53 ± 0.23ug/ml, 4.61±0.18ug/ml, 4.66 ± 0.25ug/ml, respectively) ( p = 0.645). No difference in residual lipid content among the 10S, alcohol, and acetone groups (4.53 ± 0.23ug/ml, 4.29 ± 0.24ug/ml, 4.27±0.29ug/ml, respectively) ( p = 0.247). The maximum stress of the bone decreased significantly with the increase of the washing time (9.95 ± 0.31Mpa, 9.07 ± 0.45Mpa, 8.17 ± 0.35Mpa, respectively) ( p = 0.003). The elastic modulus of the bone decreased significantly with the increase of the washing time (116.40 ± 3.54Mpa, 106.10 ± 5.29Mpa, 95.63 ± 4.08Mpa, respectively) ( p = 0.003). There was no statistical difference in the maximum stress between the fresh group, the 10S group, the alcohol group and the acetone group (10.09 ± 0.67Mpa, 9.95 ± 0.31Mpa, 10.11 ± 0.07Mpa, 10.09 ± 0.39Mpa) ( p = 0.963). There was no statistical difference in the maximum stress between the fresh group, the 10S group, the alcohol group and the acetone group (119.93 ± 4.94Mpa, 116.40 ± 3.54Mpa, 118.27 ± 0.85Mpa, 118.10 ± 4.52Mpa) ( p = 0.737). Conclusion The results of this experiment indicate that the defatting efficiency was satisfactory at a time of 10 seconds under high pressure washing. High pressure washing and gradient alcohol were similar to conventional acetone solvent extraction defatting.
Alleviating effects of silicon on cadmium toxicity in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Chen Zijing , Zhang Jing , Xu Kun , Cao Bili 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the effects of varying concentrations of silicon (Si) on the reduction of cadmium (2mg/kg Cd) toxicity in Zingiber officinale Rosc. via growth modulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant defense.Result: As the Cd level increased, the physiological indexes of ginger exhibited a decreasing trend. This trend was especially noticeable when the Cd level was 2mg/kg. Next, the effect of different content of soil conditioner Si on ginger under 2mg/kg Cd soil background was explored. This effect was assessed under 2mg/kg Cd soil background. The three treatment Si0 (0), Si1 (1g/kg), Si2 (2g/kg) were examined. Morphology indexes, Cd content, Cd transfer and absorption coefficient, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities under Cd stress were determined. On day 120 of the experiment, plant height had increased by 18.8% and 24.7% under the Si1 and Si2 treatments compared with the CK treatment. Meanwhile, the fresh weight of the rhizomes in Si1 and Si2 had increased by 14.3% and 19.5% in comparison with the Si0 treatment. Also, the yield of ginger improved dramatically under the Si1 and Si2 treatments. These treatments had increased by 14.3% and 19.5% compared with the CK treatment. The growth of ginger increased after the addition of Si under Cd stress, especially under the Si2 treatment. The Cd content of the mother-ginger, son-ginger, and grandson-ginger decreased by 27.6%, 35.5%, and 51.2%, respectively, under 2mg/kg Cd stress in the Si2 treatment. The Cd transfer was inhibited from the underground to the aboveground in the high-concentration Si treatment (Si2). When 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg Si was added to the soil, the leaf photosynthetic rate increased by 15.1% and 26.9% compared with the CK treatment at 11:00, respectively. Conclusion : Above all, soil conditioner Si could alleviate the negative effects of Cd stress on ginger by improving growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency and the anti-oxidative defense. Si2 (2g/kg) was the most effective.
Peer feedback needs practice and faculty support to be effective in simulation based education.
Authors: Offiah Gozie , Walsh Olivia Claire , Alkharaing Anafal , Sullivan Clare , Mullhall Clare , Tibbits Paul , Hill Arnold DK , Condron Claire 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Peer evaluation drives effective self-assessment, encourages autonomous learning and enhances both metacognitive skills and critical reasoning skills. 1 Students, by commenting on the work of others, gain a better understanding of the criteria required for successful performance and develop skills of objective judgment which can be transferred to the assessment of their own work. 2 Methods Peer feedback was introduced to simulated patient history taking consultations. Students were required to evaluate the observed performance and provide verbal feedback to their peers. This was compared to facility review and end of term examination results. In interview students indicated that they benefited from the opportunity to engage in peer feedback. Students reported that they felt more comfortable receiving feedback from peers than providing feedback to peers. Results 65% of students rated peer performance as excellent which did not correlate with summative OSCE results. When students did mark the borderline grade, a significant difference was found for one individual element of the feedback score. Students ticked "lacked confidence/fluidity" significantly more frequently than any other of the 7 elements suggesting they felt more comfortable relaying this element of performance feedback as it did not address content understanding or knowledge. Conclusion Ability to give constructive feedback should be viewed as an essential skill but for success students need to be taught how to give effective peer feedback. Emotions and loyalties affect student’s unwillingness to find fault with a fellow student’s work. Students may need more opportunities to conduct peer assessment to become familiar and comfortable with this process. Co-operative learning in simulation can combine with peer feedback to produce effective social constructivist approaches; however faculty input is required to monitor and validate the feedback.