bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical practice guideline for physical therapy in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis
Authors: van Doormaal Mitchell C.M. , Meerhoff Guus A. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P.M. , Peter Wilfred F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to revise the 2010 Dutch guideline for physical therapy (PT) in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA), issued by the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy (KNGF).MethodThis revised guideline was developed according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) and Guidelines International Network (G‐I‐N) standards. A multidisciplinary guideline panel formulated clinical questions based on perceived barriers to current care. A narrative or systematic literature review was undertaken in response to each clinical question. The panel formulated recommendations based on evidence and additional considerations, as described in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence‐to‐Decision framework.ResultsA comprehensive assessment should be based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) core set for OA, including the identification of OA‐related red flags. Based on the assessment, four treatment profiles were distinguished: (1) education and instructions for unsupervised exercises, (2) education and short‐term supervised exercise therapy, (3) education and longer term supervised exercise therapy, and (4) education and exercise therapy before and/or after total hip or knee surgery. Education included individualized information, advice, instructions, and self‐management support. Exercise programs were tailored to individual OA‐related issues, were adequately dosed, and were in line with public health recommendations for physical activity. Recommended measurement instruments included the Patient‐Specific Complaints Instrument, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score/the Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the Six Minute Walk Test.ConclusionAn evidence‐based PT guideline for the management of patients with hip or knee OA was developed. To improve quality of care for these patients, an extensive implementation strategy is necessary.
Assessing conformer energies using electronic structure and machine learning methods
Authors: Folmsbee Dakota , Hutchison Geoffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have performed a large‐scale evaluation of current computational methods, including conventional small‐molecule force fields; semiempirical, density functional, ab initio electronic structure methods; and current machine learning (ML) techniques to evaluate relative single‐point energies. Using up to 10 local minima geometries across ~700 molecules, each optimized by B3LYP‐D3BJ with single‐point DLPNO‐CCSD(T) triple‐zeta energies, we consider over 6500 single points to compare the correlation between different methods for both relative energies and ordered rankings of minima. We find that the current ML methods have potential and recommend methods at each tier of the accuracy‐time tradeoff, particularly the recent GFN2 semiempirical method, the B97‐3c density functional approximation, and RI‐MP2 for accurate conformer energies. The ANI family of ML methods shows promise, particularly the ANI‐1ccx variant trained in part on coupled‐cluster energies. Multiple methods suggest continued improvements should be expected in both performance and accuracy.
Empirical use of causal inference methods to evaluate survival differences in a real‐world registry vs those found in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lee Hui‐Jie , Wong John B. , Jia Beilin , Qi Xinyue , DeLong Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith heighted interest in causal inference based on real‐world evidence, this empirical study sought to understand differences between the results of observational analyses and long‐term randomized clinical trials. We hypothesized that patients deemed “eligible” for clinical trials would follow a different survival trajectory from those deemed “ineligible” and that this factor could partially explain results. In a large observational registry dataset, we estimated separate survival trajectories for hypothetically trial‐eligible vs ineligible patients under both coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We also explored whether results would depend on the causal inference method (inverse probability of treatment weighting vs optimal full propensity matching) or the approach to combine propensity scores from multiple imputations (the “across” vs “within” approaches). We found that, in this registry population of PCI/CABG multivessel patients, 32.5% would have been eligible for contemporaneous RCTs, suggesting that RCTs enroll selected populations. Additionally, we found treatment selection bias with different distributions of propensity scores between PCI and CABG patients. The different methodological approaches did not result in different conclusions. Overall, trial‐eligible patients appeared to demonstrate at least marginally better survival than ineligible patients. Treatment comparisons by eligibility depended on disease severity. Among trial‐eligible three‐vessel diseased and trial‐ineligible two‐vessel diseased patients, CABG appeared to have at least a slight advantage with no treatment difference otherwise. In conclusion, our analyses suggest that RCTs enroll highly selected populations, and our findings are generally consistent with RCTs but less pronounced than major registry findings.
Prevalence of endo‐ and ecto‐parasites of equines in Iran: A systematic review
Authors: Khamesipour Faham , Taktaz‐Hafshejani Taghi , Tebit Kwenti E. , Razavi Seyed Mostafa , Hosseini Seyed Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEquines are subject to infection with many parasites, which threaten their health. In the present study, we systematically reviewed existing literature on the prevalence of endo‐ and ectoparasites of equines in Iran. Major electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scientific Information Database (SID), were searched (Last updated 11/05/2018) for relevant literature of parasites that have been identified from equines in Iran. Of the 1809 titles produced by bibliographic search, 38 were included in the review. Twenty‐seven of the studies were on horses, six on donkeys, three on both horses and donkeys, and one study was on both horses and mules. Furthermore, 24 of the studies reported infections caused by protozoa, thirteen by helminths, two by ectoparasites, and one by both protozoa and helminths. The overall pooled prevalence of parasitic infection was 28.8% (95%CI: 22.9–35.7, I2 = 93.4%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites 46.7% (95% CI: 24.1–70.7, I2 = 96.0%). Furthermore, donkeys were the most affected equine, with a prevalence of 70.7% (95% CI: 53.2–83.7, I2 = 92.5%). The protozoa frequently reported included nine species belonging to the genera: Neospora, Toxoplasma, Theileria, Babesia and Eimeria. Also, the helminths frequently reported included 21 species belonging to the genera: Strongylus, Dicrocoelium, Oxyuris, Habronema, Echinococcus, Dictyocaulus, Cyathostomum, Probstmayria, Anoplocephala, Setaria and Fasciola. Ticks were the only ectoparasites frequently reported. Parasitic fly species of the genera Gasterophilus were also reported. The study‐level risk of bias was likely to be high because of differences in study design. Parasitic infections of equines in Iran are frequent and caused by a diversity of parasites, which threatens the health and well‐being of these animals. Further research is needed in the area to identify the risk factors of infection for effective control of the parasites.
Dynamically and thermodynamically stable black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
Authors: Astefanesei Dumitru , Blázquez-Salcedo Jose Luis , Herdeiro Carlos , Radu Eugen , Sanchis-Gual Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity with the non-minimal exponential coupling between the dilaton and the Maxwell field emerging from low energy heterotic string theory. The dilaton is endowed with a potential that originates from an electromagnetic Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 extended supergravity in four spacetime dimensions. For the case we are interested in, this potential introduces a single parameter α. When α → 0, the static black holes (BHs) of the model are the Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GMGHS) solutions. When α → ∞, the BHs become the standard Reissner-Nordström (RN) solutions of electrovacuum General Relativity. The BH solutions for finite non-zero α interpolate between these two families. In this case, the dilaton potential regularizes the extremal limit of the GMGHS solution yielding a set of zero temperature BHs with a near horizon AdS2× S2 geometry. We show that, in the neighborhood of these extremal solutions, there is a subset of BHs that are dynamically and thermodynamically stable, all of which have charge to mass ratio larger than unity. By dynamical stability we mean that no growing quasi-normal modes are found; thus they are stable against linear perturbations (spherical and non-spherical). Moreover, non-linear numerical evolutions lend support to their non-linear stability. By thermodynamical stability we mean the BHs are stable both in the canonical and grand-canonical ensemble. In particular, both the specific heat at constant charge and the isothermal permittivity are positive. This is not possible for RN and GMGHS BHs. We discuss the different thermodynamical phases for the BHs in this model and comment on what may allow the existence of both dynamically and thermodynamically stable BHs.
Study of using cutting chip color to the tool wear prediction
Authors: Chen Shao-Hsien , Luo Zhi-Rong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the correlation between chip surface chromaticity and wear of cutting tools is established through experiments, and a system for judging and predicting tool wear by observing chip color is proposed. At present, the life prediction of cutting tools is indirectly measured and predicted by using vibration and current. In this study, chip color change is used to predict tool wear, and back-propagation Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used to predict and verify. The average error percentage between the predicted value and the actual value of tool wear is only 1.73% and 1.66%, respectively, which was confirmed by cutting test and verification experiments. This study uses Taylor’s tool life model and chip color to analyze, and after repeated tests and experimental analysis, the average error of repeatability is 4.5%. In the verification of stainless steel cutting hard-cutting materials, the equipment accuracy is between 0.5 and 3.0 color difference values of grade 2 to 3. Therefore, the measurement and model establishment of the system can accurately and quickly predict tool wear. In prediction experiment and analysis, the back neural network is used for test, the maximum error ranges are 0.0012 mm and 0.0097 mm, the mean error percentages are only 1.73% and 1.66%.
Development and validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method to analyze octanoate enrichments at low concentrations in human plasma
Authors: van Harskamp Dewi , Knottnerus Suzan J. G. , Visser Gepke , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Schierbeek Henk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new method for accurately analyzing octanoate enrichment in plasma was developed and validated. Samples were derivatized directly in plasma by transesterification with isobutanol and were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This method was developed to analyze the precursor enrichment in a stable isotope tracer protocol. Glyceryl tri[1,2,3,4-13C4] octanoate, a stable isotope-labeled medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), was orally administered in combination with (1) exclusively MCT or (2) a combination of protein, carbohydrates, and MCT to investigate the metabolic route of oral MCT under various conditions. Accurate analysis of octanoate enrichment in plasma at concentrations as low as 0.43 μM (lower limit of quantification, LLOQ) was performed. This is an improvement of about twenty times for the LLOQ for analysis of the enrichment of octanoate when compared with the gold-standard method for fatty acid analysis (methyl esterification). Moreover, we found that‚ with this gold-standard method, study samples were easily contaminated with (unlabeled) octanoate from other sources, leading to biased, incorrect results. The precision and linearity obtained using the new method were good (coefficient of variation intraday < 9.1%, interday < 9.3%, R2 of the calibration curve > 0.99). The sensitivity was sufficient for analyzing samples obtained using the stable isotope protocol. This new method is more sensitive than methyl esterification and it minimizes the risk of contamination.
Selective defects of face familiarity associated to a left temporo-occipital lesion
Authors: Papagno Costanza , Barvas Edoardo , Tettamanti Marco , Gainotti Guido 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcquired prosopagnosia is usually a consequence of bilateral or right hemisphere lesions and is often associated with topographical disorientation and dyschromatopsia. Left temporo-occipital lesions sometimes result in a face recognition disorder but in a context of visual object agnosia with spared familiarity feelings for faces, usually in left-handers. We describe a patient with a left temporo-occipital hemorrhagic lesion unexpectedly resulting in a deficit of face familiarity, which could represent a mild form of associative prosopagnosia. Our patient failed to feel familiarity feelings even with very well-known famous faces but had neither visual object agnosia nor defects with semantics or naming of celebrities. This was confirmed even when the patient was re-tested a year later. We speculate that a graded lateralization of face processing could be at the basis of occasional cases of prosopagnosia.
Motivations for Becoming a Police Officer: a Global Snapshot
Authors: Elntib Stamatis , Milincic Daliborka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the motives to work for the Police focusing on the differences between recruits from developing and developed countries. Age and year recruited were also accessed to ascertain whether they can account for variance in motives. A total of 233 participants from 28 countries, of which 70 were female, were recruited from active (N = 82) or former (N = 151) Police officers (mean age = 37.65, SD = 8.76, range = 20–62). Of the 28 countries, 16 were classified as developing and 12 as developed by the United Nations classification guide. An adapted 14-item survey was used based on the original scale developed by Lester (1983) listing respectively different reasons for joining the police. Participants from developing countries scored higher motives related to job availability and benefits, helping family and friends, and family influence than those from developed countries. The age recruited was negatively associated with social-capital and family influence motives and positively associated with job availability and benefits-driven motives. Those recruited more recently were more likely to score highly motives related to job availability and benefits motives. The study extended the scope of past research by recruiting a diverse sample of (former) policemen from several countries to offer a more comprehensive snapshot of the factors affecting motives.
Immunomodulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Silvis Max J. M. , Demkes Evelyne J. , Fiolet Aernoud T. L. , Dekker Mirthe , Bosch Lena , van Hout Gerardus P. J. , Timmers Leo , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of cardiovascular disorders with inflammation as one of its driving processes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, responsible for the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18), has been studied extensively and showed to play a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), and myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Both the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines, IL-1ß and IL-18, could therefore be promising targets in cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis, CAD, and myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, the current therapeutic approaches targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signaling cascade in atherosclerosis, CAD, and myocardial I/R injury are discussed.
Multi-layered perspective on the barriers to learning participation of disadvantaged adults
Authors: Cabus Sofie , Ilieva-Trichkova Petya , Štefánik Miroslav 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a multi-level explanatory model aimed at explaining the variability behind participation in adult learning. Our model focuses on the employed adults, narrowing down to vulnerable sub-groups of employed: low-skilled; young and low-skilled, and immigrants. Adult learning participation is explained identifying determinants at the level of the individual, household, job, employer as well as the system-level. The model is estimated using the European Union Labour Force Survey microdata for 28 European countries. Comparing the results across the vulnerable groups and types of determinants yields interesting insight in understanding the variability in adult learning participation across Europe.
An analysis of the ethics of lockdown in India
Authors: Arunachalam Meghna Ann , Halwai Aarti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past 6 months, coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19) has spread across 212 countries, affecting millions of people. As it has no known cure, social distancing is highly recommended for prevention of spread of the disease. Here, we have described the impact of the social distancing measures implemented by the Government of India on various sections of the society, especially the vulnerable sections. Furthermore, we have presented an analysis of these measures, according to the World Health Organization´s Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Disease Outbreaks (2016); we have also applied principles, as applicable, from the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research Involving Human Participants (2017). Finally, we have presented several measures that should have been adopted before and in addition to implementing the lockdown to improve its effectiveness.
Adsorption of Alkaline Phosphates on Palygorskite and Sepiolite: A Tradeoff Between Enzyme Protection and Inhibition
Authors: Shirvani Mehran , Khalili Banafshe , Kalbasi Mahmoud , Shariatmadari Hossein , Nourbakhsh Farshid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnzymes adsorbed on clay minerals and soil colloids may exhibit lower activities compared to those of free enzymes. A particular toxic metal may affect the activity of the adsorbed enzyme less critically than that of the free form, however. This information is necessary for predicting catalytic performances of clay-immobilized enzymes in natural soils as well as in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical systems. The objective of the present study was to find out how adsorption on palygorskite and sepiolite minerals modifies the catalytic activity and the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Inhibition kinetics of adsorbed ALP by Cd was also compared to that of the free enzyme. The results revealed that the affinity to the substrate and the maximum reaction velocity of ALP decreased upon adsorption on the fibrous clay minerals. The ALP adsorbed maintained a reasonably high activity recovery (AR) compared to the free enzyme. The AR of the adsorbed ALP ranged from 76.9 to 92.5% for palygorskite and from 71.2 to 90.2% for sepiolite, depending on the substrate concentration applied. The presence of Cd decreased the affinity to the substrate of both the free and the adsorbed ALP, while the maximum reaction velocity remained nearly unchanged, indicating that the inhibitory effects of Cd on both the free and adsorbed ALP activities were competitive in nature. The adsorbed enzyme, however, was inhibited less severely by Cd compared to the free enzyme. The adsorption of ALP on the fibrous clay minerals, therefore, maintains the ALP activity to a great extent and provides more resistance for the enzyme against the inhibitory effects of Cd.
Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE
Authors: Zhao Jiechen , Cheng Bin , Vihma Timo , Heil Petra , Hui Fengming , Shu Qi , Zhang Lin , Yang Qinghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) was constructed and is the first regional land-fast sea-ice forecasting system for the Antarctic. FIPS had two components: (1) near-real-time information on the ice-covered area from MODIS and SAR imagery that revealed, tidal cracks, ridged and rafted ice regions; (2) a high-resolution 1-D thermodynamic snow and ice model (HIGHTSI) that was extended to perform a 2-D simulation on snow and ice evolution using atmospheric forcing from ECMWF: either using ERA-Interim reanalysis (in hindcast mode) or HERS operational 10-day predictions (in forecast mode). A hindcast experiment for the 2015 season was in good agreement with field observations, with a mean bias of 0.14 ± 0.07 m and a correlation coefficient of 0.98 for modeled ice thickness. The errors are largely caused by a cold bias in the atmospheric forcing. The thick snow cover during the 2015 season led to modeled formation of extensive snow ice and superimposed ice. The first FIPS operational service was performed during the 2017/18 season. The system predicted a realistic ice thickness and onset of snow surface melt as well as the area of internal ice melt. The model results on the snow and ice properties were considered by the captain of R/VXuelongwhen optimizing a low-risk route for on-ice transportation through fast ice to the coastal Zhongshan Station.
Strengthening Primary Health Care: Emergency and Disaster Preparedness in Community with Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Mawardi Fitriana , Lestari Ayuningtyas Satya , Randita Amandha Boy Timor , Kambey Daniel Richard , Prijambada Irfan Dwidya 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe increasing number of disasters and communities affected, coupled with the threats from climate change, has drawn not only national but also international attention to the risks of disasters and what can be done about them. It is important for communities and all global partners to be more prepared by taking action before disasters occur through disaster risk reduction, including the efforts of emergency preparedness, as well as through disaster response and recovery. To meet the emergency public health needs in any population, there is no other option than strengthening the primary health care system. For this goal, practitioners from various professions can work together and share an affinity in synthesizing knowledge and bridging gaps across functional areas. These include the disaster risk assessment and preparedness involving several disciplines for limiting human and material damage. This primary health care strategy with a multidisciplinary approach is the best possible method in developing improved approaches for disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness by improving health emergency management plans and protocols.