bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma to Transformation: The Lived Experience of Bereaved Parents of Children with Chronic Life-Threatening Illnesses in Singapore
Authors: Dutta Oindrila , Tan-Ho Geraldine , Choo Ping Ying , Low Casuarine Xinyi , Chong Poh Heng , Ng Carolyn , Ganapathy Sashikumar , Ho Andy Hau Yan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In 2016, over 6.6 million children died globally, and 245 children died in Singapore. Chronic illnesses are prevalent causes of child mortality around the world. Despite growing research that examines the lived experience of parents bereaved by their child’s chronic life-threatening illness, there is no such study within the Asian context.

Methods: To bridge this knowledge gap, meaning-oriented, strength-focused interviews were conducted with 25 parental units (i.e. 6 couples, 13 lone mothers, 4 lone fathers, and 2 primary parental figures) who lost their child to chronic life-threatening illness in Singapore (N=31), including those of Chinese (n=17), Malay (n=10) and Indian ethnicities (n=4), between August 2017 and April 2018.

Results: Data analysis adhering to the grounded theory approach revealed 7 themes and 25 sub-themes that were organized into a Trauma-to-Transformation Model of Parental Bereavement. This model shows the major milestones in participants’ lived experience of their child’s chronic life-threatening illness and death, starting from the diagnosis of their child’s chronic life-threatening illness and the subsequent emotional turmoil (Theme 1), the mourning of their child’s death and the losses which accompanied the death (Theme 3) and participants’ experience of posttraumatic growth through reflection of their journey of caregiving and child loss (Theme 5). The model further describes the deliberate behaviors or ‘rituals’ that aided participants to regain power over their lives (Theme 2), helped them to sustain an intimate bond with their child beyond death (Theme 4), and aided participants’ transcendence of their loss by deriving positive outcomes from their experience (Theme 6). Finally, the model denotes that the lived experiences and well-being of participants were embedded within the health-and-social-care ecosystem, and in turn impacted by it (Theme 7).

Conclusion: These themes and their corresponding sub-themes are discussed, with recommendations for enhancing culturally-sensitive support services for grieving Asian parents around the globe.
Knowledge and attitude towards pain relief in labor among final year midwifery students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Endalew Nigussie Simeneh , Tawye Hailu Yimer , Denu Zewuditu Abdissa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Poor attitudes and lack of knowledge about labour pain has long been demonstrated to burden the health professionals, as well as the women. In developing countries, labour analgesia practice is not well established and undermined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore final year midwifery students’ knowledge and attitudes towards pain relief during labour, at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final year undergraduate midwifery students using structured, and self-administered questionnaire(n=130). Descriptive statistics were performed. Results were presented using narrations, means and standard deviations, percentage, figure and tables. Univariate analysis was used to assess the association between demographic variables with poor knowledge and attitudes. P-value below 0.05 level of significance was used to identify the statistical significance of factors for knowledge and attitude about pain relief during labour.Results: Of 130 students participated, the majority, 88% of respondents understood that women can feel moderate to severe pain during labour. However, only less than half of the participants had knowledge of labour pain should be relieved. The majority, 70% of students did not have awareness about the methods of labour analgesia.Conclusion: Although the majority of final year midwifery students were agreed with women can feel moderate to severe labour pain, almost more than half of the students were not aware of the painless labour in hospital. Most of the students believed that pharmacologic methods of labour analgesia will affect the labour, baby, and mother. Therefore, considerable attention in preservice teaching and training about labour pain and analgesia for midwifery students is recommended.
Does sunlight drive seasonality of TB in Vietnam? A retrospective environmental ecological study of Tuberculosis seasonality in Vietnam from 2010-2015
Authors: Bonell Ana , Contamin Lucie , Thai Pham Quang , Thuy Hoang Thi Thanh , Doorn Rogier H van , White Richard , Nadjm Behzad , Choisy Marc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health burden, with an estimated quarter of the world’s population being infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “End TB Strategy” in 2014 emphasising knowing the epidemic. WHO ranks Vietnam 12 th in the world of high burden countries.
TB spatial and temporal patterns have been observed globally with evidence of Vitamin D playing a role in seasonality. We explored the presence of temporal and spatial clustering of TB in Vietnam and their determinants to aid public health measures.
Methods:
Data were collected by the National TB program of Vietnam from 2010-2015 and linked to the following datasets: socio-demographic characteristics; climatic variables; influenza-like-illness (ILI) incidence; geospatial data. The TB dataset was aggregated by province and quarter. Descriptive time series analyses using LOESS regression were completed per province to determine seasonality and trend. Harmonic regression was used to determine the amplitude of seasonality by province.
A mixed-effect linear model was used with province and year as random effects and all other variables as fixed effects.
Results:
There were 610,676 cases of TB notified between 2010-2015 in Vietnam. Heat maps of TB incidence per quarter per province showed substantial temporal and geospatial variation. Time series analysis demonstrated seasonality throughout the country, with peaks in spring/summer and troughs in autumn/winter. Incidence was consistently higher in the south, the three provinces with the highest incidence per 100,000 population were Tay Ninh, An Giang and Ho Chi Minh City. However, relative seasonal amplitude was more pronounced in the north.
Mixed-effect linear model confirmed that TB incidence was associated with time and latitude. Of the demographic, socio-economic and health related variables, population density, percentage of those under 15 years of age, and HIV infection prevalence per province were associated with TB incidence. Of the climate variables, absolute humidity, average temperature and sunlight were associated with TB incidence.
Conclusion :
Preventative public health measures should be focused in the south of Viet Nam where incidence is highest. Vitamin D is unlikely to be a strong driver of seasonality but supplementation may play a role in a package of interventions.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with antenatal hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis: a case control study of Chinese women
Authors: Liu Yan , Sun Xiaofang , Tao Junxian , Song Bin , Wu Wei , Li Ying , Sun Xing , Lu Dan , Zhu Danmo , Liu Chao , Cui Ji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To determine the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and coagulation/fibrinolysis abnormality in antenatal Chinese women.
Methods: Case control study. Fifty women had GDM and 132 did not (the NGDM group) grouping by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Maternal plasma biochemistry and previous medical history were collected from perinatal health records. Antenatal coagulation/fibrinolysis activity(CFA) parameters was assessed using thromboelastography and routine CFA parameters respectively. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between GDM and CFA parameters.
Results: The women with GDM were significantly older than those without GDM (30.3 vs. 28.6 years, P=0.012). Compared with the NGDM group, the GDM group had a significantly higher prevalence of cesarean delivery (56.0% vs. 37.9%, P=0.027) and higher values of fibrinogen (FIB) (4.7vs. 4.3 g/L P=0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (30.9 vs. 29.5 seconds P=0.010).There were no significant differences in the prevalence of maternal thrombotic events or neonatal events.GDM was significantly associated with higher APTT (β 1.41seconds, 95% CI 0.29–2.53), FIB (β 0.38g/L, 95% CI 0.14–0.61), and percentage reduction in clot lysis after 30 min(LY30)(β 1.14%, 95% CI 0.15–2.13) after adjustment for potential confounding factors.
Conclusions: GDM is significantly associated with hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis in these antenatal Chinese women.
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies
Authors: Seifi Najmeh , Safarian Mohammad , Nematy Mohsen , Rezvani Reza , Khadem-Rezaian Majid , Sedaghat Alireza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Among critically ill patients, regardless of the heterogeneity of disease state, an extreme and persistent dysbiosis occurs. Dysbiosis in critically ill patients may make them prone to hospital-acquired infections, sepsis, multi-organ failure (MOF), energy homeostasis disturbance, muscle wasting, and cachexia. Modulation of gut microbiota through synbiotics can be considered as a potential treatment for muscle wasting and macronutrients homeostasis disturbances.Methods This is a prospective, single center, double-blind; a parallel randomized controlled trial that aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient ‎homeostasis and muscle wasting in critical care patients.‎ All eligible patients (20 subjects in each group) will receive standard hospital gavage as enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube (NGT) in the 24-48h after admission. In the intervention group, patients will receive Lactocare (ZistTakhmir) capsules 500 mg every 12h for 14 days. Patients in the control group will receive a placebo capsule which contains only the sterile maize starch and is similar to synbiotic capsules. The synbiotic and placebo capsules will be given through nasogastric tube, separately from gavage, after feeding.Discussion Gut microbiota modulation through synbiotics is proposed to improve clinical prognosis and reduce infectious complications, ventilator dependency and ICU stay by improving energy and macronutrient homeostasis and reducing muscle protein catabolism.Trials registration The trial protocol has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2019-03-17. The registration reference is IRCT20190227042857N1.
Protocol for the process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of independent pharmacist prescribing in care home: the CHIPPS study
Authors: Bond Christine , Holland Richard , Alldred David , Arthur Antony , Baton Garry , Birt Linda , Blyth Annie , Desborough James , Ford Joanna , Handford Christine , Hill Helen , Hughes Camel , Maskrey Vivienne , Myint Phyo , Norris Nigel , Poland Fiona , Shepstone Lee , Zermansky Arnold , Wright David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Prescribing, monitoring and administration of medicines in care homes could be improved. A cluster RCT is ongoing to evaluate the effectiveness of an independent prescribing pharmacist assuming responsibility for medicines management in care homes compared to usual care.
Aims and Objectives
To conduct a mixed methods process evaluation of the RCT, in line with MRC process evaluation guidance, to inform interpretation of main trial findings and if the service is found to be effective and efficient, to inform subsequent implementation.
Objectives
1. To describe the intervention as delivered in terms of quality, quantity, adaptations and variations across triads and time.
2. To explore the effects of individual intervention components on the primary outcomes.
3. To investigate the mechanisms of action.
4. To describe the perceived effectiveness of relevant intervention components (including PIP training and care home staff training) from participant (GP, care home, PIP and resident/relative) perspectives.
5. To describe the characteristics of GP, care home, PIP and resident participants to assess reach.
6. To estimate the extent to which intervention delivery is normalised among the intervention healthcare professionals and related practice staff.
Methods
A mix of quantitative (surveys, record reviews) and qualitative (interviews) approaches will be used to collect data on the extent of the delivery of detailed tasks required to implement the new service, to collect data to confirm the mechanism of action as hypothesised in the logic model, to collect explanatory process and final outcome data, and data on contextual factors which could have facilitated or hindered effective and efficient delivery of the service.
Discussion
Recruitment is ongoing and the trial should complete in early 2020. The systematic and comprehensive approach that is being adopted will ensure data is captured on all aspects of the study, and allow a full understanding of the implementation of the service and the RCT findings. With so many interrelated factors involved it is important that a process evaluation is undertaken to enable us to identify which elements of the service were deemed to be effective, explain any differences seen, and identify enablers, barriers and future adaptions.
SIP SMART: A parallel group randomised feasibility trial of a tailored pre-treatment Swallowing Intervention Package compared with usual care for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Govender Roganie , Smith Christina H , Barratt Helen , Gardner Benjamin , Taylor Stuart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing affects quality of life for most patients with head and neck cancer. SIP SMART – [Swallowing Intervention Package: Self-Monitoring, Assessment, Rehabilitation Training] aims to improve post-treatment swallowing outcomes through a targeted and tailored pre-treatment intervention. This feasibility study assessed 1) recruitment and retention, 2) patient acceptability of randomisation and participation, 3) patient adherence, and 4) sought to identify a suitable primary outcome for a definitive trial, including sample size estimation. Methods: This two-arm parallel group non-blinded randomised feasibility trial took place within a head and neck centre at a teaching hospital in London, UK. Patients newly diagnosed with stage III/IV head and neck cancer were recruited and underwent 6-month follow-up. Patients were randomised to SIP-SMART or usual care via an online web-based system. SIP SMART comprised two 45-minute consultations including a baseline clinical and instrumental swallowing assessment, relevant educational information, targeted swallowing exercises, and specific behaviour change strategies to increase exercise adherence. Usual care comprised a single session including a baseline clinical assessment and generic information about the likely impact of treatment on swallowing. Results: A total of 106 patients were identified at pre-screening, 70 were assessed for eligibility. Twenty-six patients did not meet eligibility criteria [0.37, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.49]. Five of 44 [0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.24] eligible patients were not approached by researchers during clinic. Seven [0.18, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.33] of the 39 approached declined participation. Target recruitment (32 consented patients) was achieved within the timeframe. At 6-months 29/32 [0.91, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97] patients remained in the trial. Acceptability of randomisation and participation in the intervention was favourable, and adherence to the exercises exceeded the pre-defined 35% minimum criterion. The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory swallow related quality of life measure was selected as the most suitable primary outcome for sample size estimation. No adverse effects arose from the intervention, or study participation. Conclusions: A definitive trial of the SIP SMART intervention compared to usual care is feasible and can be undertaken with patients with head and neck cancer treated within the NHS. Trial Registration: ISRCTN40215425
Total Hip Replacement vs. Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Xu Yangjun , Zheng Weiping , Zhou Jinjun , Jiang Dingjun , Lu Xiao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effects of total hip replacement and internal fixation on the outcome of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a total of 79 individuals diagnosed with Garden I or Garden II femoral neck fractures aged from 56-71 years old from October 2012 to May 2019. Patients treated with total hip replacement were grouped into group 1, while those treated with internal fixation were grouped into group 2. Baseline characteristics were compared between the two groups to eliminate extra factors. Postoperative activity time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and length of surgical incision were compared between the two groups. Besides, postoperative complications and hip function (Harris score) were detected to evaluate the final effects in the two groups. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, but the mean duration of surgery was more in group 1 than that in group 2 ( p <0.0001). Blood loss and length of surgical incision were both larger in group 1. However, the incidence of such postoperative complications as lung infection, urinary tract infection and thrombosis of lower limb was lower in group 1 compared with those in group 2. Moreover, the hip function (Harris score) was also better after total hip replacement compared with that after internal fixation. Conclusions: Total hip replacement provides satisfactory clinical outcomes, but with longer operation time and increased blood loss compared with internal fixation.
Neonatal eye screening for 203 healthy term newborns using a wide-field digital retinal imaging system
Authors: Leong Kenneth Teow Kheng , Kassim Siti Nur Amira Abu , Sidhu Jasvinjeet Kaur , Zohari Zayani , Sivalingam Thivakar , Ramasamy Sunder , Khialdin Safinaz Mohd , Nordin Noraihan Mohd , Rahmat Jamalia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the proportion and types of ocular abnormalities detected in healthy term newborns and also the risk factors associated with retinal haemorrhages. Method This cross-sectional study comprised of 203 participants, all healthy term newborn infants in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward at Hospital Kuala Lumpur over a six months period. The examination list includes external eye examination, red reflex test, and fundus imaging using a wide-field digital retinal imaging system (Phoenix Clinical ICON Paediatric Retinal Camera) by a trained Investigator. The pathologies detected were documented. The results were compared with similar studies previously published in the literature. Results Total ocular abnormalities were detected in 34% infants. The most common finding was retinal haemorrhage in 29.6% infants, of which 53.3% occurred bilaterally. Spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) remained the greatest risk factor which has nearly four times higher risk of newborns developing retinal haemorrhage compared to Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). There was a 6% increased likelihood of developing retinal haemorrhage for every 1 minute increment in the duration of 2nd stage of labour. Newborns delivered via SVD with episiotomy had 2.5 higher odds of developing retinal haemorrhage in newborns compared to SVD without episiotomy. Conclusion Universal eye screening for all newborns using a wide-field digital imaging system is possible, safe and useful in detecting posterior segment disorders. The most common abnormality detected is retinal haemorrhage. Although most resolve spontaneously, a longitudinal study is needed to study the long term effect of retinal haemorrhages in these infants.
Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative directed content analysis
Authors: sabzmakan leila , Eslami Fatemeh , Sighaldeh Shirin Shahbazi , Izuka Nkeonye Judith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain the women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on theory of planned behavior.Methods The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over four months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 females of ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Findings showed that the women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. The most important perceived factors of having no intention for cessation were; positive attitude toward hookah smoking, false beliefs, social pressure, and low motivation to comply. Although, the females felt some internal and external obstacles for cessation, they claimed a high self-efficacy to overcome the barriers.Conclusion Theory of planned behavior provided a useful framework to explain the women’s intention for quitting water-pipe smoking. Therefore, theory-based interventions should be designed and implemented to identify factors associated with having no intention for water-pipe cessation and modify these factors by applying appropriate techniques.
Theoretical characterisation of strand cross-correlation in ChIP-seq
Authors: Anzawa Hayato , Yamagata Hitoshi , Kinoshita Kengo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Strand cross-correlation profiles are used for both peak calling pre-analysis and quality control in chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis. Despite its potential for robust and accurate assessments of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of ChIP-seq samples, it remains unclear what aspects of quality such strand cross-correlation profiles actually measure. Results: We introduced a simple model to simulate the mapped read-density of ChIP-seq and then derived the theoretical maximum and minimum of cross-correlation coefficients between strands. The results suggest that the maximum coefficient of typical ChIP-seq samples is directly proportional to the number of total mapped reads and the square of the ratio of signal reads, and inversely proportional to the number of peaks and the length of read-enriched regions. We also developed PyMaSC to efficiently generate strand cross-correlation profiles. Simulation analysis supported our results and evaluation using 790 ChIP-seq data obtained from the public database demonstrated high consistency between calculated cross-correlation coefficients and estimated coefficients based on the theoretical relations and peak calling results. In addition, we found that the mappability-bias-correction improved sensitivity, enabling differentiation of maximum coefficients from the noise level. Conclusions: We present the first theoretical insights into the strand cross-correlation and the results reveal the potential and the limitations of strand cross-correlation analysis. Our work will help in the establishment of better QC metrics using strand cross-correlation.