bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Calculation of Effective Dose and Risk of Malignancy Based on Monte Carlo Simulations after Whole Body Computed Tomography
Authors: Kopp Markus , Loewe Tobias , Wuest Wolfgang , Brand Michael , Wetzl Matthias , Nitsch Wolfram , Schmidt Daniela , Beck Michael , Schmidt Bernhard , Uder Michael , May Matthias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDetailed knowledge about radiation exposure is crucial for radiology professionals. The conventional calculation of effective dose (ED) for computed tomography (CT) is based on dose length product (DLP) and population-based conversion factors (k). This is often imprecise and unable to consider individual patient characteristics. We sought to provide more precise and individual radiation exposure calculation using image based Monte Carlo simulations (MC) in a heterogeneous patient collective and to compare it to phantom based MC provided from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as academic reference. Dose distributions were simulated for 22 patients after whole-body CT during Positron Emission Tomography-CT. Based on MC we calculated individual Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) and Excess Relative Risk (ERR) of cancer mortality. EDMC was compared to EDDLP and EDNCI. EDDLP (13.2 ± 4.5 mSv) was higher compared to EDNCI (9.8 ± 2.1 mSv) and EDMC (11.6 ± 1.5 mSv). Relative individual differences were up to −48% for EDMC and −44% for EDNCI compared to EDDLP. Matching pair analysis illustrates that young age and gender are affecting LAR and ERR significantly. Because of these uncertainties in radiation dose assessment automated individual dose and risk estimation would be desirable for dose monitoring in the future.
Uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in maize-soybean intercropping under different row configurations
Authors: Fan Yuanfang , Wang Zhonglin , Liao Dunping , Raza Muhammad Ali , Wang Beibei , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Junxu , Feng Lingyang , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Chunyan , Yang Wenyu , Yang Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntercropping advantage occurs only when each species has adequate time and space to maximize cooperation and minimize competition between them. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years between 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The treatments included “40:160” (T1, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 40 and 160 cm, where two rows of soybean with a 40 cm row were planted in the wide rows. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean both were 50% of the every experimental block), “80:120” (T2, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 80 and 120 cm, the soybean planting was the same as T1 treatment. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean were 60% and 40% of the every experimental block), “100:100” (T3, one row of maize and one row of soybean with a 100-cm row. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean was the same as T1 treatment), sole cropping of maize (CK1, The area occupation ratio of maize was 100% of the every experimental block), and sole cropping of soybean (CK2, The area occupation ratio of soybean was 100% of the every experimental block). The results show that, compared with the sole cropping system (sole maize), the economic yields in T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased by 761, 536, and 458 kg·ha−1, respectively, and the biological yields increased by 2410, 2127, and 1588 kg·ha−1. The uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in sole crops, and the nutrient advantage is mainly due to nutrient uptake rather than nutrient use efficiency. The land equivalent ratio values in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were 1.43, 1.32, and 1.20, respectively. In particular, the economic and biological yield in T1 treatment exhibited potential as an intercropping pattern.
Brain transcriptomics of agonistic behaviour in the weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum, a wild teleost model of non-breeding aggression
Authors: Eastman Guillermo , Valiño Guillermo , Radío Santiago , Young Rebecca L. , Quintana Laura , Zakon Harold H. , Hofmann Hans A. , Sotelo-Silveira José , Silva Ana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferences in social status are often mediated by agonistic encounters between competitors. Robust literature has examined social status-dependent brain gene expression profiles across vertebrates, yet social status and reproductive state are often confounded. It has therefore been challenging to identify the neuromolecular mechanisms underlying social status independent of reproductive state. Weakly electric fish, Gymnotus omarorum, display territorial aggression and social dominance independent of reproductive state. We use wild-derived G. omarorum males to conduct a transcriptomic analysis of non-breeding social dominance relationships. After allowing paired rivals to establish a dominance hierarchy, we profiled the transcriptomes of brain sections containing the preoptic area (region involved in regulating aggressive behaviour) in dominant and subordinate individuals. We identified 16 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) and numerous genes that co-varied with behavioural traits. We also compared our results with previous reports of differential gene expression in other teleost species. Overall, our study establishes G. omarorum as a powerful model system for understanding the neuromolecular bases of social status independent of reproductive state.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Confidence of [18F] FDG PET/MRI in comparison with PET or MRI alone in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Park Jisang , Pak Kyoungjune , Yun Tae Jin , Lee Eun Kyoung , Ryoo Inseon , Lee Ji Ye , Hwang Inpyeong , Yoo Roh-Eul , Kang Koung Mi , Choi Seung Hong , Sohn Chul-Ho , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kim Ji-hoon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe usefulness of PET/MRI in head and neck malignancy has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and confidence of PET/MRI in comparison with PET or MRI alone. This study included 73 consecutive patients who underwent [18F] FDG PET/MRI in head and neck under the suspicion of malignancy. A neuroradiologist and a nuclear medicine specialist reviewed MRI and PET images, respectively and independently, followed by a consensus review of PET/MRI one month later. For 134 lesions, accuracy and confidence were compared among PET, MRI, and PET/MRI. For lesion base, PET/MRI had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 89.1%, a PPV of 89.6%, a negative predictive value of 85.1%, and an accuracy of 87.3%. AUCs of PET/MRI per lesion (0.926) and per patient (0.934) for diagnosing malignancy were higher than PET (0.847 and 0.747, respectively) or MRI (0.836 and 0.798, respectively) alone (P < 0.05). More than 80% of the cases (111/134) showed diagnostic concordance between PET and MRI. PPV of PET/MRI was higher in malignant concordant cases (93.2%, 55/59) than in discordant cases (62.5%, 5/8) (p = 0.040). Confident scoring rate in malignant concordant cases was higher on PET/MRI (96.6%, 57/59) than on MRI (76.3%, 45/59) (p = 0.003). In conclusion, compared with PET or MRI alone, PET/MRI presents better diagnostic performance in accuracy and confidence for diagnosis of malignancy. PET/MRI is useful in patients with head and neck cancer.
Pro-inflammatory markers and fatigue in patients with depression: A case-control study
Authors: Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Neumann Elena , Sammer Gebhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate differences between depressed subjects (PG) and non-depressed healthy control participants (HCG) with regard to fatigue dimensions and inflammation. For this purpose, 43 participants in the PG and 51 participants in the HCG were included in the study. IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CRP were assessed in venous blood samples. Fatigue and depression were assessed using the FIS-D and BDI-FS questionnaires. Main results showed higher BDI-FS values in PG. Moreover, PG showed mean differences for fatigue dimensions when compared to the HCG. For the pro-inflammatory markers, a moderate group effect was found between PG and HCG which was mainly caused by IL-6. Correlations between TNF-α and BDI-FS, TNF-α and cognitive fatigue, TNF-α and psychosocial fatigue were found within the PG. In the HCG, correlations were found between IL-6, TNF-α and somatic fatigue, as well as IL-6 and cognitive fatigue. Significant correlations were found between the psychological variables in both groups. All results were controlled for the confounding variables gender, age, BMI and multiple comparisons. These results suggest the presence of inflammation in both depression and fatigue. However, each correlates with different pro-inflammatory parameters, suggesting a biological heterogeneity.
The hidden land use cost of upscaling cover crops
Authors: Runck Bryan C. , Khoury Colin K. , Ewing Patrick M. , Kantar Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCover cropping is considered a cornerstone practice in sustainable agriculture; however, little attention has been paid to the cover crop production supply chain. In this Perspective, we estimate land use requirements to supply the United States maize production area with cover crop seed, finding that across 18 cover crops, on average 2.4% (median 2.1%) of current production area would be required, with the popular cover crops rye and hairy vetch requiring as much as 4.8% and 11.9%, respectively. The latter land requirement is comparable to the annual amount of maize grain lost to disease in the U.S. We highlight avenues for reducing these high land use costs.
Diverse panicle architecture results from various combinations of Prl5/GA20ox4 and Pbl6/APO1 alleles
Authors: Agata Ayumi , Ando Koki , Ota Sadayuki , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Takehara Sayaka , Doi Kazuyuki , Ueguchi-Tanaka Miyako , Suzuki Takamasa , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Matsuoka Makoto , Ashikari Motoyuki , Inukai Yoshiaki , Kitano Hidemi , Hobo Tokunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPanicle architecture directly affects crop productivity and is a key target of high-yield rice breeding. Panicle length strongly affects panicle architecture, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), PANICLE RACHIS LENGTH5 (Prl5) and PRIMARY BRANCH LENGTH6 (Pbl6), independently regulate panicle length in rice. Prl5 encodes a gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, OsGA20ox4. The expression of Prl5 was higher in young panicles resulting in panicle rachis elongation. Pbl6 is identical to ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (APO1), encoding an F-box-containing protein. We found a novel function that higher expression of Pbl6 is responsible for primary branch elongation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that these two genes independently regulate panicle length at the level of gene expression. QTL pyramiding of both genes increased panicle length and productivity. By combining these two genes in various combinations, we designed numerous panicle architecture without trade-off relationship.
A multiethnic genome-wide analysis of 44,039 individuals identifies 41 new loci associated with central corneal thickness
Authors: Choquet Hélène , Melles Ronald B. , Yin Jie , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Thai Khanh K. , Kvale Mark N. , Banda Yambazi , Hardcastle Alison J. , Tuft Stephen J. , Glymour M. Maria , Schaefer Catherine , Risch Neil , Nair K. Saidas , Hysi Pirro G. , Jorgenson Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCentral corneal thickness (CCT) is one of the most heritable human traits, with broad-sense heritability estimates ranging between 0.68 to 0.95. Despite the high heritability and numerous previous association studies, only 8.5% of CCT variance is currently explained. Here, we report the results of a multiethnic meta-analysis of available genome-wide association studies in which we find association between CCT and 98 genomic loci, of which 41 are novel. Among these loci, 20 were significantly associated with keratoconus, and one (RAPSN rs3740685) was significantly associated with glaucoma after Bonferroni correction. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that thinner CCT does not causally increase the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. This large CCT study explains up to 14.2% of CCT variance and increases substantially our understanding of the etiology of CCT variation. This may open new avenues of investigation into human ocular traits and their relationship to the risk of vision disorders.
Instantaneous fibrillation of egg white proteome with ionic liquid and macromolecular crowding
Authors: Bharmoria Pankaj , Mondal Dibyendu , Pereira Matheus M. , Neves Márcia C. , Almeida Mafalda R. , Gomes Maria C. , Mano João F. , Bdikin Igor , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Coutinho João A. P. , Freire Mara G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe wide application of protein fibrils as functional materials has been restricted by the limited scalability of fibrillation methods, slow kinetics, and use of expensive purified proteins. Herein, inspired by the biological cooperativity of proteins in macro-molecularly crowded environments, these restrictions have been overcome. Using ionic liquid cholinium tosylate that acts as a fibrillation agent, instantaneous production of protein fibrils is shown directly from a real and low-cost matrix, i.e. egg white. The fibrillation of egg white proteome is confirmed by microscopy, whereas the fibrillation kinetics is monitored by fluorescence changes of the thioflavin T dye and secondary structural transitions. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies are used to identify the proteins involved and to appraise the molecular-level mechanisms ruling the proteins structural changes upon fibrillation. The obtained fibrils have enhanced mechanical stiffness and cytocompatibility, demonstrating their potential to act as improved enzyme supports.
Design of compact patch antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for 5G mm‐wave applications
Authors: Ramanujam Parthasarathy , Arumugam Chandrasekar , Venkatesan Ramesh , Ponnusamy Manimaran 
Published: June 2020

A super compact parasitic patch loaded patch antenna with enhanced gain and super wide band is proposed in this study for 5G millimetre‐wave (mm‐wave) applications. The proposed antenna has hybrid geometry and is constructed using circular and two rectangular driven patches with two semi‐circular parasitic patches fed by stepped impedance microstrip line. The two rectangular stubs are incorporated on driven patch to improve the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidth. The two semi‐circular parasitic patches are added on the fundamental radiator (driven/main patch) to further enhance the bandwidth to cover the entire Ka‐band spectrum for 5G mm‐wave requirements and covers 24–40 GHz frequency spectrum with VSWR ≤2. This designed radiator is feasible to be placed inside the multilayered housing systems or can be integrated along with the electronic components existing on the printed circuit board. Furthermore, a four‐element modified corporate feed array configuration is constructed and their enhanced gain performances are compared with proposed radiator (single element). Both the prototypes are fabricated and experimentally validated for impedance and radiation characteristics and it is observed that, the simulated and measured responses are in good arrangement. The presented radiating element finds its applications in future 5G mm‐wave, 5G base station controlling networks and 5G wideband code division multiple access.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Knorr Jana , Wree Alexander , Tacke Frank , Feldstein Ariel E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic hepatitis (ASH) are advanced forms of fatty liver diseases that are associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with ASH or NASH are more susceptible to the progression of fibrosis and cirrhosis up to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are limited medical therapies available. Accompanied by the asymptomatic disease progression, the demand for liver transplants is high. This review provides an overview about the growing evidence for a central role of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that acts as a central driver of inflammation via activation of caspase 1, maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, and trigger of inflammatory pyroptotic cell death in both NASH and ASH. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and related upstream and downstream pathways to develop prognostic biomarkers and medical treatments for both liver diseases.
Hepatobiliary Differentiation: Principles from Embryonic Liver Development
Authors: Freeburg Scott H. , Goessling Wolfram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), the two endodermal cell types of the liver, originate from progenitor cells called hepatoblasts. Based principally on in vitro data, hepatoblasts are thought to be bipotent stem cells with the potential to produce both hepatocytes and BECs. However, robust in vivo evidence for this model has only recently emerged. We examine the molecular mechanisms that stimulate hepatoblast differentiation into hepatocytes or BECs. In the absence of extrinsic cues, the default fate of hepatoblasts is hepatocyte differentiation. Inductive cues from the hepatic portal vein, however, initiate transcription factor expression in hepatoblasts, driving biliary specification. Defining the mechanisms of hepatobiliary differentiation provides important insights into congenital disorders, such as Alagille syndrome, and may help to better characterize the poorly understood hepatic lineage relationships observed during regeneration from liver injury.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Schoof Lauren H. , Duenes Matthew L. , Feng James E. , Long William J. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare group of connective tissue disorders commonly associated with bone fragility, deformity, and fractures, leading to instability and early osteoarthritis. Current advancements in the medical and surgical management of OI have extended the life span of these patients, resulting in an increased need for joint arthroplasty to help maintain quality of life. However, surgery among this patient population is technically challenging and comes with a high burden of revision. In this report, we present a case of revision total hip arthroplasty in a patient with OI and review important considerations to help ensure proper preoperative planning and correct precautions to minimize complications and decrease implant failure.
Mentorship and protégé success in STEM fields
Authors: Ma Yifang , Mukherjee Satyam , Uzzi Brian 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Mentorship is arguably a scientist’s most significant collaborative relationship; yet of all collaborations, comparatively little research exists on the link between mentorship and protégé success. Using new large-scale data from the genealogical and performance records of 10s of thousands of scientists worldwide from 1960 to the present, we found that mentorship is associated with diverse forms of protégé success, significantly increasing protégés’ chances of producing celebrated research, being inducted into the National Academy of Science, and achieving superstardom. Paradoxically, protégés achieve their highest impact when they display intellectual independence from their mentors. Protégés do their best work when they break from their mentor’s research topics and coauthor no more than a small portion of their overall research with their mentors.
Nearest-neighbor parameters for predicting DNA duplex stability in diverse molecular crowding conditions
Authors: Ghosh Saptarshi , Takahashi Shuntaro , Ohyama Tatsuya , Endoh Tamaki , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The intracellular environment is occupied by a high concentration of various types of biomolecules that lead to a situation known as molecular crowding, which affects important biological reactions such as replication and transcription by altering the stability of nucleic acids. Because intracellular crowded conditions are heterogeneous, a general method is needed to predict the stability of nucleic acids in such conditions. Here, we predicted the stability of DNA duplexes under crowded conditions induced by a large amount of a cosolute at a physiological salt concentration using the nearest-neighbor model. We also extended the parameters for predicting DNA stability under conditions imposed by different cosolutes that mimicked a localized intracellular crowded region.
Stimuli-responsive composite biopolymer actuators with selective spatial deformation behavior
Authors: Wang Yushu , Huang Wenwen , Wang Yu , Mu Xuan , Ling Shengjie , Yu Haipeng , Chen Wenshuai , Guo Chengchen , Watson Matthew C. , Yu Yingjie , Black Lauren D. , Li Meng , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Li Chunmei , Kaplan David L. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The majority of deformable actuators rely on synthetic materials with stimuli-responsive properties to execute the system, limiting their use in vivo. We designed and built a new class of bionic actuator entirely out of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. Stimuli-responsive genetically engineered silk–elastin-like proteins (SELPs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are combined to fabricate an actuator system that could effectively respond to physical and chemical stimuli. Programmable and reversible deformations in response to the stimuli have been achieved with this actuator. The SELP/CNF actuator provides an option for fields such as in vivo biomedical soft robotics and biomimetic devices where biocompatibility, biodegradability, biomedical signals recognition, and durability are desired.
Comprehensive palmitoyl‐proteomic analysis identifies distinct protein signatures for large and small cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Mariscal Javier , Vagner Tatyana , Kim Minhyung , Zhou Bo , Chin Andrew , Zandian Mandana , Freeman Michael R. , You Sungyong , Zijlstra Andries , Yang Wei , Di Vizio Dolores 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐enclosed particles that play an important role in cancer progression and have emerged as a promising source of circulating biomarkers. Protein S‐acylation, frequently called palmitoylation, has been proposed as a post‐translational mechanism that modulates the dynamics of EV biogenesis and protein cargo sorting. However, technical challenges have limited large‐scale profiling of the whole palmitoyl‐proteins of EVs. We successfully employed a novel approach that combines low‐background acyl‐biotinyl exchange (LB‐ABE) with label‐free proteomics to analyse the palmitoyl‐proteome of large EVs (L‐EVs) and small EVs (S‐EVs) from prostate cancer cells. Here we report the first palmitoyl‐protein signature of EVs, and demonstrate that L‐ and S‐EVs harbour proteins associated with distinct biological processes and subcellular origin. We identified STEAP1, STEAP2, and ABCC4 as prostate cancer‐specific palmitoyl‐proteins abundant in both EV populations. Importantly, localization of the above proteins in EVs was reduced upon inhibition of palmitoylation in the producing cells. Our results suggest that this post‐translational modification may play a role in the sorting of the EV‐bound secretome and possibly enable selective detection of disease biomarkers.