bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salts of HCN‐Cyanide Aggregates: [CN(HCN)2]− and [CN(HCN)3]−
Authors: Bläsing Kevin , Harloff Jörg , Schulz Axel , Stoffers Alrik , Stoer Philip , Villinger Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough pure hydrogen cyanide can spontaneously polymerize or even explode, when initiated by small amounts of bases (e.g. CN−), the reaction of liquid HCN with [WCC]CN (WCC=weakly coordinating cation=Ph4P, Ph3PNPPh3=PNP) was investigated. Depending on the cation, it was possible to extract salts containing the formal dihydrogen tricyanide [CN(HCN)2]− and trihydrogen tetracyanide ions [CN(HCN)3]− from liquid HCN when a fast crystallization was carried out at low temperatures. X‐ray structure elucidation revealed hydrogen‐bridged linear [CN(HCN)2]− and Y‐shaped [CN(HCN)3]− molecular ions in the crystal. Both anions can be considered members of highly labile cyanide‐HCN solvates of the type [CN(HCN)n]− (n=1, 2, 3 …) as well as formal polypseudohalide ions.
Fabrication of Heterostructured Fe2TiO5–TiO2 Nanocages with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lu Xue Feng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysts with well‐designed compositions and structures are desirable for achieving highly efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Heterostructured semiconductor photocatalysts with advanced hollow structures possess beneficial features for promoting the activity towards photocatalytic reactions. Here we develop a facile synthetic strategy for the fabrication of Fe2TiO5–TiO2 nanocages (NCs) as anode materials in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells. A hydrothermal reaction is performed to transform MIL‐125(Ti) nanodisks (NDs) to Ti–Fe–O NCs, which are further converted to Fe2TiO5–TiO2 NCs through a post annealing process. Owing to the compositional and structural advantages, the heterostructured Fe2TiO5–TiO2 NCs show enhanced performance for PEC water oxidation compared with TiO2 NDs, Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe2TiO5–TiO2 NPs.
A facile way via integrating sol–gel and Grignard reaction to prepare siloxane/carbosilane hybridized benzocyclobutene resins with hyperbranched structure, low dielectric constant, and high thermal stability
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Yawen , Ye Xu , Fan Li , Peng Qiuxia , Hu Huan , Yang Junxiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hybridization of siloxane‐ and carbosilane‐based structures in molecular scale could combine their advantages of high thermal resistance and low dielectric constant. However, the hybridization still remained a big challenge in lacking convenient synthesis method. Herein, in this work, we developed a new method via simultaneous Grignard and sol–gel reactions of (chrolomethyl)trimethoxysilane to directly generate siloxane/carbosilane hybridized oligomers with hyperbranched structure. The oligomers were subsequently functionalized by benzocyclobutene and cured to produce crosslinked resins. As‐resulted resins have low dielectric constant (~2.60) as compared with silica and higher thermal stability compared with polycarbosilane. The integrated high performance and facile preparation for these resins make them potentially used as low dielectric materials in integrating circuits insulating and wave transmitting.
Regional financial integration and its impact on banking development: Evidence from Southern African Development Community countries
Authors: Tembo Jonathan , Makina Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study investigated the impact of regional financial integration on banking sector development with specific focus on the impact of the Southern African Development Community protocols on trade and finance and investment. A total of 14 countries made up the study sample, and the panel cointegration fully modified ordinary least squares model (FMOLS) alongside the generalized method of moments (GMM) were used to estimate the nature of the impact. Study findings showed that regional integration through the protocol on trade had a positive and significant impact on size and efficiency of the banking sector using the FMOLS estimator. GMM estimations for the same variables were largely insignificant. Study findings also pointed to an improvement in global financial integration indicators as a result of the trade protocol, which in turn also contributed to an increase in the level of monetization of regional financial markets. The finance and investment protocol had a positive and significant impact on private sector credit for both estimators and largely insignificant relationship with broad money. The study also observed the complimentary relationship between institutional quality and social capital in the financial development process indicating the importance of policies that strengthen sound legal systems, protect property rights, and enhance the rule of law.
Murine osteoclastogenesis suppression using conditioned media produced by melanoma or activated and non‐activated Jurkat‐E6 cells
Authors: Mambelli‐Lisboa Nicole C. , Frare Eduardo O. , da Costa‐Neves Adriana , Prieto da Silva Álvaro R. B. , Kerkis Irina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConditioned medium (CM) (cell secretome) is a cocktail of growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble mediators secreted by cells into a culture medium. These growth factors are fundamental in many cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and others and the composition of these factors is individual for each cell type. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that are responsible for bone resorption. Immune and cancer cells are known to produce different growth factors, which are able to induce or inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Herein, we evaluated the effect of CM obtained from the supernatant of activated and non‐activated Jukart‐E6 cells, as well as from one murine (B16‐F10) and one human melanoma cell line (SK­MEL­28). To induce osteoclast differentiation, murine bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence and absence of differentiation factors (DF), such as macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, prostaglandin E2, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, and CM. We measured the concentration of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon γ (IFN‐γ) in CM that can inhibit or induce osteoclastogenesis. Our study demonstrated that CM obtained from each cell line suppresses or inhibits osteoclasts formation at early and intermediate stages of differentiation in the absence or presence of DF. CM obtained from activated Jurkat‐E6 cells demonstrates a stronger effect when compared with CM from naïve Jurkat‐E6 cells or human and murine melanoma cells. Moreover, CM obtained from activated Jurkat‐E6 cells shows higher secretion of IFN‐γ, which is an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, in comparison with CM obtained from the three other cell lines. On the other hand, CM derived from B16‐F10 cells showed a smaller inhibitory effect when compared with CM derived from the other cells.
Interdigital Pedal Erythrasma treated with one‐time dose of oral clarithromycin 1 g: Two case reports
Authors: Khan Mohammad Junayed 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe following are the first detailed cases of Interdigital Pedal Erythrasma successfully treated with a one‐time dose of oral clarithromycin 1 g. This is ideal for patients who failed topical therapy or have mechanical or psychosocial restrictions. Treatment provides better compliance, less gastric side effects, and lower treatment costs than oral alternatives.
Adenocarcinoma of intestinal type arising in mature cystic teratoma of ovary: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Belaid Imtinene , Khechine Wiem , Ben Abdelkader Atef , Bedioui Ahlem , Ezzairi Faten , Chabchoub Imene , Boujnah Ryma , Tlili Taghrid , Hochlaf Makrem , Ben Fatma Leila , Mokni Moncef , Ben Ahmed Slim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdenocarcinomas of intestinal type arising in mature cystic teratoma of ovary (MCT) are extremely rare and remain a diagnostic dilemma because of its similarities with MCT. Serum tumor markers CEA and SCC and also MRI may help in the preoperative diagnosis. Pathologist experience helps in intraoperative diagnosis.
Preparation of isodesmosine‐KLH conjugate for ELISA system
Authors: Baut Daria A. , Tanaka Nao , Yokoo Reiko , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a degenerative condition with limited diagnostic detection efficiency. Currently with no available cure, COPD is associated with irreversible elastic tissue degradation in lungs, which results in release of unusual amino acids, isodesmosine and desmosine. These biomarkers are potential key elements in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an analytical method, which can detect certain compounds including antigens and proteins in easy and affordable manner. In order to target a biomarker with ELISA, it is necessary to prepare its specific antibody, which can be achieved by immunization of host organism with appropriate antigen containing the biomarker. Although preparation of these types of conjugates has been published, desmosine and isodesmosine used by researchers are obtained from natural sources such as animal tissues. Here, we report the first synthetic preparation of isodesmosine and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate from commercially available chiral amino acids and carrier protein. Formation of the core pyridinium of isodesmosine was achieved through key reaction—Chichibabin pyridinium synthesis—to deliver a 1,2,3,5‐tetrasubstituted pyridinium amino acid selectively. Further modifications involving KLH and maleimide linker provided the target conjugate, which could potentially invoke an immune response to produce anti‐isodesmosine antibody for the ELISA system.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Interrupted Click/Sulfenylation Cascade: One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfur Cycle Fused 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Huang Shuai , Yan Shikun , Sun Xuejun , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionHerein, we report a practical protocol for the synthesis of sulfur cycle fused 1,2,3‐triazoles through a copper(I)‐catalyzed tandem click/intramolecular sulfenylation reaction. The reaction proceeded via a copper‐catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition, followed by interception of the in situ formed cuprate‐triazole intermediate with p‐toluenesulfonothioate. This reaction shows broad substrate scope, complete regioselectivity, and excellent functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions.
Interplay of Porosity, Wettability, and Redox Activity as Determining Factors for Lithium–Organic Electrochemical Energy Storage Using Biomolecules
Authors: Ilic Ivan K. , Perovic Milena , Liedel Clemens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough several recent publications describe cathodes for electrochemical energy storage materials made from regrown biomass in aqueous electrolytes, their transfer to lithium–organic batteries is challenging. To gain a deeper understanding, we investigate the influences on charge storage in model systems based on biomass‐derived, redox‐active compounds and comparable structures. Hybrid materials from these model polymers and porous carbon are compared to determine precisely the causes of exceptional capacity in lithium–organic systems. Besides redox activity, particularly, wettability influences capacity of the composites greatly. Furthermore, in addition to biomass‐derived molecules with catechol functionalities, which are described commonly as redox‐active species in lithium–bio‐organic systems, we further describe guaiacol groups as a promising alternative for the first time and compare the performance of the respective compounds.
Multivariate discriminant analysis for branching classification of colonic tubular adenoma glands
Authors: Lee Hyekyung , Kim Jong O. , Shim Jaesool , Cho Migyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany morphologic findings of histology can be translated into mathematically computerized data, and identifying important parameters is primarily pathologists' task as users. Shape‐specific parameters based on computational geometry properties of glands can be used in the field of pathology. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of three shape‐specific parameters: the chord intersection ratio, convexity ratio, and maximum concave area ratio for branching classification of glands.MethodsSeven cases of tubular adenoma were studied. After image analysis, segmented neoplastic glands were classified into nonbranching, mild branching, and moderate branching. Using image analysis formulae for the three shape‐specific parameters, we compared the values of the parameters with the branching classification results for colonic tubular adenoma.ResultsMultivariate discriminant analysis was used to classify the branching groups. Classification accuracies of nonbranching, mild branching, and moderate branching group based on the three shape‐specific parameters were 98, 94, and 95%, respectively. More branching growth exhibited a higher chord intersection ratio and maximum concave area ratio but lower convexity ratio. We found a statistically significant difference in chord intersection ratio, maximum concave area ratio, and convexity ratio between mild, moderate, and nonbranching groups. Among the three features, the chord intersection ratio was the most significant parameter.ConclusionsShape‐based parameters of chord intersection ratio, convexity ratio, and maximum concave area ratio are valid assessment parameters for irregular branching structures. For the understanding of spatial relationships of histology, the holistic geometric approach using shape‐based parameters can be useful.
Integrating stable isotopes, parasite, and ring‐reencounter data to quantify migratory connectivity—A case study with Barn Swallows breeding in Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Finland
Authors: von Rönn Jan A. C. , Grüebler Martin U. , Fransson Thord , Köppen Ulrich , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcosystems around the world are connected by seasonal migration. The migrant animals themselves are influenced by migratory connectivity through effects on the individual and the population level. Measuring migratory connectivity is notoriously difficult due to the simple requirement of data conveying information about the nonbreeding distribution of many individuals from several breeding populations. Explicit integration of data derived from different methods increases the precision and the reliability of parameter estimates.We combine ring‐reencounter, stable isotope, and blood parasite data of Barn SwallowsHirundo rusticain a single integrated model to estimate migratory connectivity for three large scale breeding populations across a latitudinal gradient from Central Europe to Scandinavia. To this end, we integrated a non‐Markovian multistate mark‐recovery model for the ring‐reencounter data with normal and binomial mixture models for the stable isotope and parasite data.The integration of different data sources within a mark‐recapture modeling framework enables the most precise quantification of migratory connectivity on the given broad spatial scale. The results show that northern‐breeding populations and Southern Africa as well as southern‐breeding populations and Western–Central Africa are more strongly connected through Barn Swallow migration than central European breeding populations with any of the African wintering areas. The nonbreeding distribution of Barn Swallows from central European breeding populations seems to be a mixture of those populations breeding further north and south, indicating a migratory divide.
Grasses continue to trump trees at soil carbon sequestration following herbivore exclusion in a semiarid African savanna
Authors: Wigley Benjamin J. , Augustine David J. , Coetsee Corli , Ratnam Jayashree , Sankaran Mahesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough studies have shown that mammalian herbivores often limit aboveground carbon storage in savannas, their effects on belowground soil carbon storage remain unclear. Using three sets of long‐term, large herbivore exclosures with paired controls, we asked how almost two decades of herbivore removal from a semiarid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya affected aboveground (woody and grass) and belowground soil carbon sequestration, and determined the major source (C3vs. C4) of belowground carbon sequestered in soils with and without herbivores present. Large herbivore exclusion, which included a diverse community of grazers, browsers, and mixed‐feeding ungulates, resulted in significant increases in grass cover (~22%), woody basal area (~8 m2/ha), and woody canopy cover (31%), translating to a ~8.5 t/ha increase in aboveground carbon over two decades. Herbivore exclusion also led to a 54% increase (20.5 t/ha) in total soil carbon to 30‐cm depth, with ~71% of this derived from C4grasses (vs. ~76% with herbivores present) despite substantial increases in woody cover. We attribute this continued high contribution of C4grasses to soil C sequestration to the reduced offtake of grass biomass with herbivore exclusion together with the facilitative influence of open sparse woody canopies (e.g.,Acaciaspp.) on grass cover and productivity in this semiarid system.
Comparison of oligosaccharide labeling employing reductive amination and hydrazone formation chemistries
Authors: Krenkova Jana , Dusa Filip , Cmelik Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, we compare labeling by two negatively charged fluorescent labels, 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (APTS) and 8‐(2‐hydrazino‐2‐oxoethoxy)pyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (Cascade Blue hydrazide [CBH]). Effectiveness of the labeling chemistries were investigated by 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and maltoheptaose followed by LC/UV‐MS and CE/LIF analysis, respectively. The reaction yield of APTS labeling was determined to be only ∼10%. This is due to reduction of almost 90% of the analyte by sodium cyanoborohydride to alcohol, which cannot be further labeled via reductive amination. However, the CBH labeling provides ∼90% reaction yield based on the LC/UV‐MS measurements. The significantly higher labeling yield was also confirmed by CE/LIF measurements. Finally, the more effective hydrazone formation technique of CBH was characterized and applied for N‐linked glycan analysis by CE/LIF.
Long‐term strength determination and nonlinear creep damage constitutive model of salt rock based on multistage creep test: Implications for underground natural gas storage in salt cavern
Authors: Wu Fei , Gao Renbo , Zou Quanle , Chen Jie , Liu Wei , Peng Kang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong‐term mechanical property is critical for underground energy storage in a salt cavern. Multistage loading has been widely used in creep tests to save test time and cost. If the number of loading stages is too small or the loading time of each stage is short, the long‐term strength of salt rock is difficult to determine. For this reason, this paper carried out a ten‐stage loading creep test on the salt rock. The loading time of each stage is about 14 days, and the total creep time is more than 5 months. The stress‐strain curve and the stress‐steady‐state creep rate curve obtained from the test results can be well described by an exponential function. Based on the two‐stage power function model, a new method for determining the long‐term strength is proposed. The method is very similar to the results determined by the isochronous stress‐strain curve method. Moreover, considering that the rock is damaged during the accelerated creep phase, the stress will no longer be a constant value during the accelerated creep phase, but a slow loading process. In this paper, the accelerated creep phase is a coupled process of loading and creep. The total strain in the accelerated creep phase is equal to the sum of the loaded strain and the creep strain, and a new nonlinear creep damage constitutive equation is derived. The model was verified by the creep test results. The results show that the model can well describe the whole process of salt rock creep. It can theoretically explain the reason why the accelerated creep phase of salt rock exhibits nonlinear acceleration characteristics.
The products from fermentation of wheat bran fiber by Auricularia polytricha strain and the effects of the products on rheological properties of dough sheet
Authors: Jiang Shiyu , Li Li , Li Limin , Zheng Xueling , Li Zhengzhe , Song Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBeing classified within the Basidiomycota, Auricularia polytricha has been proved to degrade lignocellulose, a major component of wheat bran fiber. During the fermentation of lignocellulose by A. polytricha strain, a large number of intermediate products are produced, which affect the further degradation of lignocellulose. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the fermentation intermediates for study on the degradation mechanism of wheat bran fiber. In this study, the effectiveness of fermentation of wheat bran fiber by A. polytricha strain was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry indicated that the A. polytricha strain could degrade wheat bran fiber and produce several aromatic compounds, and that the number of products obtained after 7 days of fermentation was significantly lower than that after 3 days of fermentation. It has also been demonstrated that diisooctyl phthalate and 9‐octadecenamide belong to metabolites produced during the fermentation of wheat bran fiber, by culturing A. polytricha with wheat bran fiber and glucose as carbon source, respectively. Moreover, by conducting an ultraviolet wavelength scanning of the culture liquid containing vanillin fermented by A. polytricha, it has been indicated that the strain could degrade vanillin and further demonstrated that the strain has the ability to degrade wheat bran fiber. Furthermore, adding the products of wheat bran fiber fermented for 3 days by A. polytricha could improve the elasticity of the dough sheet.
Suppressing migration and invasion of H1299 lung cancer cells by honokiol through disrupting expression of an HDAC6‐mediated matrix metalloproteinase 9
Authors: Pai Jih‐Tung , Hsu Chia‐Yun , Hsieh Yei‐San , Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Hua Kuo‐Tai , Weng Meng‐Shih 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetastasis is the crucial mechanism to cause high mortality in lung cancer. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteolytic enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a key process for promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, targeting MMPs might be a strategy for lung cancer metastasis suppression. Honokiol, a biological active component of Magnolia officinalis, has been indicated to suppress lung cancer tumorigenesis through epigenetic regulation. However, the regulation of MMPs‐mediated migration and invasion by honokiol through epigenetic regulation in lung cancer is still a mystery. In the present study, the migration and invasion ability of H1299 lung cancer was suppressed by noncytotoxic concentrations of honokiol treatment. The proteolytic activity of MMP‐9, rather than MMP‐2, was inhibited in honokiol‐treated H1299 cells. Honokiol‐inhibited MMP‐9 expression was through promoting MMP‐9 protein degradation rather than suppressing transcription mechanism. Furthermore, the expression of specific histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) substrate, acetyl‐α‐tubulin, was accumulated after honokiol incubation. The disassociation of MMP‐9 with hyper‐acetylated heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was observed resulting in MMP‐9 degradation after honokiol treatment. Meanwhile, honokiol‐suppressed MMP‐9 expression and invasion ability of H1299 lung cancer cells was rescued by HDAC6 overexpression. Accordingly, the results suggested that the suppression of migration and invasion activities by honokiol was through inhibiting HDAC6‐mediated Hsp90/MMP‐9 interaction and followed by MMP‐9 degradation in lung cancer.