bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health claims databases used for kidney research around the world
Authors: van Oosten Manon J M , Logtenberg Susan J J , Edens Mireille A , Hemmelder Marc H , Jager Kitty J , Bilo Henk J G , Stel Vianda S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Health claims databases offer opportunities for studies on large populations of patients with kidney disease and health outcomes in a non-experimental setting. Among others, their unique features enable studies on healthcare costs or on longitudinal, epidemiological data with nationwide coverage. However, health claims databases also have several limitations. Because clinical data and information on renal function are often lacking, the identification of patients with kidney disease depends on the actual presence of diagnosis codes only. Investigating the validity of these data is therefore crucial to assess whether outcomes derived from health claims data are truly meaningful. Also, one should take into account the coverage and content of a health claims database, especially when making international comparisons. In this article, an overview is provided of international health claims databases and their main publications in the area of nephrology. The structure and contents of the Dutch health claims database will be described, as well as an initiative to use the outcomes for research and the development of the Dutch Kidney Atlas. Finally, we will discuss to what extent one might be able to identify patients with kidney disease using health claims databases, as well as their strengths and limitations.
Capture stress and post-release mortality of blacktip sharks in recreational charter fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Mohan John A , Jones Elizabeth R , Hendon Jill M , Falterman Brett , Boswell Kevin M , Hoffmayer Eric R , Wells R J David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Understanding the stress responses of sharks to recreational catch and release fishing has important management and conservation implications. The blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus is a popular recreational species targeted throughout the western, central and eastern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) yet it is unclear what levels of physiological stress result from catch-release fishing practices with hook and line gear and if the stress levels result in post-release mortality. This study correlates physiological response to stress through blood chemistry analysis and examines post-release behaviour of adult blacktip sharks caught to determine post-release mortality rates. Release behaviour was determined by pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags that record temperature, depth and light level data. To quantify physiological stress levels, blood samples were collected from 52 blacktip sharks and a suite of metabolic and osmotic markers were measured. Thirty-six of those blacktip sharks were also outfitted with a PSAT tag yielding time-at-large from 3 to 180 days. Of the 36 tags, 22 (61%) provided sufficient data to confirm post-release fate and 11 (31%) were recovered providing high-resolution data. Tag data suggests a post-release morality rate of 22.7% (95% confidence interval 7.8–45.4%), with mortality occurring within minutes (immediate mortality) to over 12 h post-release (delayed mortality). Compared to survivors, immediate mortalities exhibited significantly higher lactate (median 2.8 mmol/Lsurvivor vs 5.9 mmol/Limmediate mortality) and significantly lower hematocrit (median 24.4% survivor vs 14% immediate mortality) levels, but no difference was detected between survivors and delayed mortalities. Higher mortality in the western (30%) compared to the central (20%) Gulf may be due to shark handling. All PSATs from mortalities (N = 5) were recovered, and archived data revealed evidence of tag ingestion by predators. Results suggest reduced fight time, decreased handling time and limited air exposure provide blacktip sharks the best survival chances after release by recreational anglers.
Gene therapy for inherited arrhythmias
Authors: Bezzerides Vassilios J , Prondzynski Maksymilian , Carrier Lucie , Pu William T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inherited arrhythmias are disorders caused by one or more genetic mutations that increase the risk of arrhythmia, which result in life-long risk of sudden death. These mutations either primarily perturb electrophysiological homeostasis (e.g. long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), cause structural disease that is closely associated with severe arrhythmias (e.g. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), or cause a high propensity for arrhythmia in combination with altered myocardial structure and function (e.g. arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy). Currently available therapies offer incomplete protection from arrhythmia and fail to alter disease progression. Recent studies suggest that gene therapies may provide potent, molecularly targeted options for at least a subset of inherited arrhythmias. Here, we provide an overview of gene therapy strategies, and review recent studies on gene therapies for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by MYBPC3 mutations.
How to do LA strain
Authors: Voigt Jens-Uwe , Mălăescu Georgiana-Grațiela , Haugaa Kristina , Badano Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modern speckle tracking allows the assessment of atrial strain in the clinic. The approach is new, lacks standardization and the user might encounter several problems in its routine use. This article provides guidance on how avoid pitfalls and how to perform reliable and reproducible atrial strain measurements according to current recommendations.
Sex differences in atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes: insights from a large-scale multicentre registry
Authors: Tanaka Nobuaki , Inoue Koichi , Kobori Atsushi , Kaitani Kazuaki , Morimoto Takeshi , Kurotobi Toshiya , Morishima Itsuro , Yamaji Hirosuke , Matsui Yumie , Nakazawa Yuko , Kusano Kengo , Okada Masato , Tanaka Koji , Hirao Yuko , Oka Takafumi , Koyama Yasushi , Okamura Atsunori , Iwakura Katsuomi , Fujii Kenshi , Kimura Takeshi , Shizuta Satoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe impact of sex differences on the clinical outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. We investigated the sex differences regarding the efficacy and clinical outcomes of RFCA of AF.Methods and resultsWe conducted a large-scale, prospective, multicentre, observational study (Kansai Plus Atrial Fibrillation Registry). We enrolled 5010 consecutive patients who underwent an initial RFCA of AF at 26 centres (64 ± 10 years; non-paroxysmal AF, 35.7%). The median follow-up duration was 2.9 years. Female patients (n = 1369, 27.3%) were older (female vs. male, 68 ± 9 vs. 63 ± 11 years, P &lt; 0.0001) with a lower prevalence of non-paroxysmal AF (27.1% vs. 38.9%, P &lt; 0.0001). Fewer females experienced time-dependent pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections and more females received a non-PV foci ablation than males in the index RFCA. The 3-year cumulative incidence of AF recurrences in the multivariate analysis after single procedures was significantly higher in females than males (43.3% vs. 39.0%, log rank P = 0.0046). Females remained an independent predictor of AF recurrence (hazard ratio 1.24; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.38, P &lt; 0.0001). The AF recurrence rates after multiple procedures were also higher in females, but fewer females experienced PV reconnections during second sessions. More females experienced de novo pacemaker implantations during the long-term follow-up. Females were associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalizations and major bleeding after RFCA in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsFemales experienced more frequent AF recurrences probably due to non-PV arrhythmogenicity and de novo pacemaker implantations than males during the long-term follow-up after RFCA of AF.
Temporal changes in microbial communities attached to forages with different lignocellulosic compositions in cattle rumen
Authors: Gharechahi Javad , Vahidi Mohammad Farhad , Ding Xue-Zhi , Han Jian-Lin , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The attachment of rumen microbes to feed particles is critical to feed fermentation, degradation and digestion. However, the extent to which the physicochemical properties of feeds influence the colonization by rumen microbes is still unclear. We hypothesized that rumen microbial communities may have differential preferences for attachments to feeds with varying lignocellulose properties. To this end, the structure and composition of microbial communities attached to six common forages with different lignocellulosic compositions were analyzed following in situ rumen incubation in male Taleshi cattle. The results showed that differences in lignocellulosic compositions significantly affected the inter-sample diversity of forage-attached microbial communities in the first 24 h of rumen incubation, during which the highest dry matter degradation was achieved. However, extension of the incubation to 96 h resulted in the development of more uniform microbial communities across the forages. Fibrobacteres were significantly overrepresented in the bacterial communities attached to the forages with the highest neutral detergent fiber contents. Ruminococcus tended to attach to the forages with low acid detergent lignin contents. The extent of dry matter fermentation was significantly correlated with the populations of Fibrobacteraceae, unclassified Bacteroidales, Ruminococcaceae and Spirochaetacea. Our findings suggested that lignocellulosic compositions, and more specifically the cellulose components, significantly affected the microbial attachment to and thus the final digestion of the forages.
The influence of mitochondrial-directed regulation of Wnt signaling on tumorigenesis
Authors: Delgado-Deida Yaritza , Alula Kibrom M , Theiss Arianne L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a key role in integrating cellular signaling. Mitochondrial alterations are evident in all stages of tumorigenesis and targeting mitochondrial pathways has emerged as an anticancer therapeutic strategy. The Wnt-signaling pathway regulates many fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, migration, stem-cell maintenance, and mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Emerging evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial-induced regulation of Wnt signaling provides an additional mechanism to influence cell-fate decisions. Crosstalk between mitochondria and Wnt signaling presents a feedforward loop in which Wnt activation regulates mitochondrial function that, in turn, drives Wnt signaling. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent evidence revealing the mitochondrial control of Wnt signaling and its implications for tumorigenesis and anticancer therapeutic targeting.
Inactivation of ancV1R as a Predictive Signature for the Loss of Vomeronasal System in Mammals
Authors: Zhang Zicong , Nikaido Masato 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays a key role in sensing pheromonal cues, which elicits social and reproductive behaviors. Although the VNO is highly conserved across mammals, it has been lost in some species that have evolved alternate sensing systems during diversification. In this study, we investigate a newly identified VNO-specific gene, ancV1R, in the extant 261 species of mammals to examine the correlation between genotype (ancV1R) and phenotype (VNO). As a result, we found signatures for the relaxation of purifying selection (inactivating mutations and the elevation of dN/dS) on ancV1Rs in VNO-lacking mammals, such as catarrhine primates, cetaceans, the manatees, and several bat lineages, showing the distinct correlation between genotype and phenotype. Interestingly, we further revealed signatures for the relaxation of purifying selection on ancV1R in true seals, otters, the fossa, the owl monkey, and alcelaphine antelopes in which the existence of a functional VNO is still under debate. Our additional analyses on TRPC2, another predictive marker gene for the functional VNO, showed a relaxation of purifying selection, supporting the possibility of VNO loss in these species. The results of our present study invite more in-depth neuroanatomical investigation in mammals for which VNO function remains equivocal.
Psychiatric Disorders Among Older Black Americans: Within- and Between-Group Differences
Authors: Taylor Robert Joseph , Chatters Linda M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPsychiatric disorders impose significant personal, social, and financial costs for individuals, families, and the nation. Despite a large amount of research and several journals focused on psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of research on psychiatric disorders among Black Americans (i.e., African Americans and Black Caribbeans), particularly older Black Americans. The present literature review examines research on psychiatric disorders among older Black Americans and provides a broad overview of research findings that are based on nationally representative studies. Collectively, this research finds: (1) older African Americans have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than younger African Americans; (2) family support is not protective of psychiatric disorders, whereas negative interaction with family members is a risk factor; (3) everyday discrimination is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders; (4) both older African Americans and African American across the adult age range have lower prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders than non-Latino whites; (5) Black Caribbean men have particularly high rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts; and (6) a significant proportion of African American older adults with mental health disorders do not receive professional help. This literature review also discusses the “Race Paradox” in mental health, the Environmental Affordances Model, and the importance of investigating ethnicity differences among Black Americans. Future research directions address issues that are directly relevant to the Black American population and include the following: (1) understanding the impact of mass incarceration on the psychiatric disorders of prisoners’ family members, (2) assessing the impact of immigration from African countries for ethnic diversity within the Black American population, (3) examining the impact of racial identity and racial socialization as potential protective factors for psychiatric morbidities, and (4) assessing racial diversity in life-course events and their impact on mental health.
Gamification for Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Koivisto Jonna , Malik Aqdas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
During past years, gamification has become a major trend in technology, and promising results of its effectiveness have been reported. However, prior research has predominantly focused on examining the effects of gamification among young adults, while other demographic groups such as older adults have received less attention. In this review, we synthesize existing scholarly work on the impact of gamification for older adults.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic search was conducted using 4 academic databases from inception through January 2019. A rigorous selection process was followed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results
Twelve empirical peer-reviewed studies written in English, focusing on older adults aged ≥55, including a gameful intervention, and assessing subjective or objective outcomes were identified. Eleven of the 12 studies were conducted in the health domain. Randomized controlled study settings were reported in 8 studies. Positively oriented results were reported in 10 of 12 studies on visual attention rehabilitation, diabetes control, increasing positive emotions for patients with subthreshold depression, cognitive training and memory tests, engagement in training program, perceptions of self-efficacy, motivation and positive emotions of social gameplay conditions, increased physical activity and balancing ability, and increased learning performance and autonomy experiences. The results are, however, mostly weak indications of positive effects.

Discussion and Implications
Overall, the studies on gameful interventions for older adults suggest that senior users may benefit from gamification and game-based interventions, especially in the health domain. However, due to methodological shortcomings and limited amount of research available, further work in the area is called for.
Slc2a10 knock-out mice deficient in ascorbic acid synthesis recapitulate aspects of arterial tortuosity syndrome and display mitochondrial respiration defects
Authors: Boel Annekatrien , Burger Joyce , Vanhomwegen Marine , Beyens Aude , Renard Marjolijn , Barnhoorn Sander , Casteleyn Christophe , Reinhardt Dieter P , Descamps Benedicte , Vanhove Christian , van der Pluijm Ingrid , Coucke Paul , Willaert Andy , Essers Jeroen , Callewaert Bert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a recessively inherited connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and aneurysm formation of the major arteries. ATS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, encoding the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10. Former studies implicated GLUT10 in the transport of dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA). Mouse models carrying homozygous Slc2a10 missense mutations did not recapitulate the human phenotype. Since mice, in contrast to humans, are able to intracellularly synthesize AA, we generated a novel ATS mouse model, deficient for Slc2a10 as well as Gulo, which encodes for L-gulonolactone oxidase, an enzyme catalyzing the final step in AA biosynthesis in mouse. Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice showed mild phenotypic anomalies, which were absent in single knock-out controls. While Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice did not fully phenocopy human ATS, histological and immunocytochemical analysis revealed compromised extracellular matrix formation. Transforming growth factor beta signaling remained unaltered, while mitochondrial function was compromised in smooth muscle cells derived from Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice. Altogether, our data add evidence that ATS is an ascorbate compartmentalization disorder, but additional factors underlying the observed phenotype in humans remain to be determined.
Captivity Affects Head Morphology and Allometry in Headstarted Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis
Authors: Ryerson William G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn response to the growing number of amphibian and reptiles species in decline, many conservation managers have implemented captive breeding and headstarting programs in an effort to restore these populations. However, many of these programs suffer from low survival success, and it is often unclear as to why some individuals do not survive after reintroduction. Here I document changes to head morphology in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in response to time spent in captivity. Thamnophis raised on three diet treatments all differed in head size from wild individuals, and head size differed between the three treatments. Overall, head size was smaller in all three diet treatments than in wild snakes, potentially limiting the available prey for the captive garter snakes. Allometric patterns of growth in head size were also different for each diet treatment. Several potential implications of these changes in morphology are discussed, and what these changes may mean for other species that are part of headstarting and reintroduction programs.
Linearization of the finite element method for gradient flows by Newton’s method
Authors: Akrivis Georgios , Li Buyang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The implicit Euler scheme for nonlinear partial differential equations of gradient flows is linearized by Newton’s method, discretized in space by the finite element method. With two Newton iterations at each time level, almost optimal order convergence of the numerical solutions is established in both the $L^q(\varOmega )$ and $W^{1,q}(\varOmega )$ norms. The proof is based on techniques utilizing the resolvent estimate of elliptic operators on $L^q(\varOmega )$ and the maximal $L^p$-regularity of fully discrete finite element solutions on $W^{-1,q}(\varOmega )$.
The Distribution of H8-Extensions of Quadratic Fields
Authors: Alberts Brandon , Klys Jack 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We compute all the moments of a normalization of the function that counts unramified $H_{8}$-extensions of quadratic fields, where $H_{8}$ is the quaternion group of order $8$, and show that the values of this function determine a point mass distribution. As a consequence toward non-abelian Cohen–Lenstra heuristics of 2-groups, we show this implies that the probability is 0 for any fixed group to appear as the subgroup of the Galois group of the maximal unramified 2-extension fixing the genus field of the quadratic field. Our method additionally can be used to determine the asymptotics of the unnormalized counting function, which we also do for unramified $H_{8}$-extensions. Furthermore, we propose that a similar normalization of the counting function is necessary to obtain finite moments when $H_{8}$ is replaced by any 2-group $G$.
K-Theoretic Generalized Donaldson–Thomas Invariants
Authors: Kiem Young-Hoon , Savvas Michail 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We introduce the notion of almost perfect obstruction theory on a Deligne–Mumford stack and show that stacks with almost perfect obstruction theories have virtual structure sheaves, which are deformation invariant. The main components in the construction are an induced embedding of the coarse moduli sheaf of the intrinsic normal cone into the associated obstruction sheaf stack and the construction of a $K$-theoretic Gysin map for sheaf stacks. We show that many stacks of interest admit almost perfect obstruction theories. As a result, we are able to define virtual structure sheaves and $K$-theoretic classical and generalized Donaldson–Thomas invariants of sheaves and complexes on Calabi–Yau three-folds.
Airborne or Droplet Precautions for Health Workers Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019?
Authors: Bahl Prateek , Doolan Con , de Silva Charitha , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Bourouiba Lydia , MacIntyre C Raina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in more than 200 countries. Thousands of health workers have been infected, and outbreaks have occurred in hospitals, aged care facilities, and prisons. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for contact and droplet precautions for healthcare workers caring for suspected COVID-19 patients, whereas the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has initially recommended airborne precautions. The 1- to 2-meter (≈3–6 feet) rule of spatial separation is central to droplet precautions and assumes that large droplets do not travel further than 2 meters (≈6 feet). We aimed to review the evidence for horizontal distance traveled by droplets and the guidelines issued by the WHO, CDC, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control on respiratory protection for COVID-19. We found that the evidence base for current guidelines is sparse, and the available data do not support the 1- to 2-meter (≈3–6 feet) rule of spatial separation. Of 10 studies on horizontal droplet distance, 8 showed droplets travel more than 2 meters (≈6 feet), in some cases up to 8 meters (≈26 feet). Several studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) support aerosol transmission, and 1 study documented virus at a distance of 4 meters (≈13 feet) from the patient. Moreover, evidence suggests that infections cannot neatly be separated into the dichotomy of droplet versus airborne transmission routes. Available studies also show that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the air, and remain viable 3 hours after aerosolization. The weight of combined evidence supports airborne precautions for the occupational health and safety of health workers treating patients with COVID-19.