bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on influencing factors and influencing strength of urban green space relieving heat island effect—taking Beijing as an example
Authors: Jing Chao , Li Shilong , Cao Shuo , Ma Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the urban heat island effect has brought a significant impact on the urban environment, and the urban green space can effectively alleviate the heat island effect, but the specific influence intensity is yet to be further studied [1]. In this study, 65 urban green spaces of different sizes and different types within Fifth Ring Road of Beijing were selected through big data analysis to explore the effects of different influence factors such as area, perimeter, shape index and vegetation coverage on its internal temperature, and then the influence intensity of urban green space on heat island effect were studied and analyzed. The results show that: 1) when the green space area is 1-10 hectares, the average temperature inside the green space will decrease with the increase of the area, and the temperature will decrease by about 0.1 °C for each increase of 1 hectare; when the area is larger than 10 hectares, the average temperature inside the green space will basically not change; 2) the internal temperature of green space does not change with the perimeter and shape index of green space; 3) when the green space area is equal, the internal temperature of the green space will decrease about 0.158 °C when the vegetation coverage increases by 1% (i.e., there is a negative correlation between the green space vegetation coverage and the internal temperature).
Research on polar substance characterization and adsorption separation process of heavy oil
Authors: Fu Longfei , Wang Juan , Feng Qiangsuo , Liu Yongluo , Yan Tao , Tang Jinwei , Xie Jialin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The combustibility and fluidity is usually a major issue in heavy oil of power plant, which affects by asphaltene and insoluble matter due to the long-term storage. In this dissertation, the effects of asphaltene and insoluble matter characteristics on the heavy oil properties have been theoretically and experimentally studied using different methods. For the combustibility study, the asphaltene was precipitated and verified by X-ray diffraction energy and dispersive spectrum analysis. Also, the rotating disk electrode atomic emission spectrometry was carried out for fluidity study and then calorific value and ash content are calculated. The combustibility and fluidity of heavy oil were improved with the method of non-polar solvents and strong polar adsorption by removing asphaltene polar and insoluble substances. The experimental shows that calorific value is 9721Kcal/kg and viscosity is 14.7mm2/s.
Accuracy analysis of inverting provincial-level carbon emissions from night-time light data in China: comparison based on international carbon emission data
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Xianzhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is an indisputable fact that carbon emissions lead to global warming. Finding a rapid and accurate method for estimating carbon emissions is the prerequisite for making real-time emission reduction measures. In this paper, an estimation method for quick inversion of provincial-level carbon emissions in China is proposed by using night-time light data. This method was based on the corrected night-time light image and combined with the statistical data of the built-up area to extract the total night light value (TDN) in the built-up areas of 30 provinces (Municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions were collectively referred to as provinces; Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan were not involved here) in Chinese mainland from 1997 to 2017. The regression equation was established by using the TDN of the built-up areas in each province from 1997 to 2014 and the provincial-level carbon emission data released by CEADs (China emission accounts and datasets) in the same period, and then the TDN values from 2015 to 2017 were used as the independent variable to estimate the carbon emission of each province according to the established regression equation. Finally, we used the entropy method and carbon emission allocation model to distribute China’s national-level carbon emission data released by the international authoritative databases to each province and compared them with the provincial-level carbon emissions estimated by the above regression equations from 2015 to 2017. The results show that: (1) There was a significant linear relationship between the established carbon emission estimation models in all provinces, with R2 values greater than 0.8 except Beijing, Hainan and Shanxi. (2) Comparing the difference between the estimated carbon emissions and the carbon emissions allocated to provinces by the database, except for Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi provinces, the errors of the other provinces were relatively small, RMSE and MAE were less than 260mt, and the MAPE of most provinces were less than 50%, indicating that the estimation models have high goodness-of-fit and accuracy. (3)The provincial-level carbon emissions allocated by the four international databases from 2015 to 2017 and the carbon emissions estimated by the model were plotted separately, and it is found that the corresponding scatter points of most provinces were distributed near the 1:1 line, which once again showed that the carbon emissions inverted based on night-time light data were close to the carbon emissions allocated to the provinces by each database, especially the provincial-level carbon emissions from CEADs database. The above results demonstrate that this method can provide a faster and more accurate estimation of provincial-level carbon emissions for China.
Photocatalytic Behaviour of TiO2-geopolymer Paste under Sunlight
Authors: Zailan Siti Norsaffirah , Mahmed Norsuria , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) of the geopolymer paste with addition nanoparticles titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated under illumination of sunlight radiation. In this work, TiO2-based geopolymer paste was prepare by dry mixing of Class F fly ash (FA) and different amount of nano-TiO2 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 & 15.0 wt%). Then, the alkali activator, which is combination of sodium hydroxide solution with sodium silicate was added to the dry mix FA-TiO2 with ratio of 2.5. All the sample was cured at room temperature and aged for 28 days. The photocatalytic behaviour of nano-TiO2 was evaluated and compared through photocatalytic testing and surface degradation testing by measuring the photodegradation of MB under sunlight rays. The experimental results revealed that the addition of nano-TiO2 to the geopolymer paste shows excellent result on photocatalytic degradation of MB after exposure to sunlight up to 150 minutes.
The Effect Of Filler Content and Chemical Modification On The Properties Of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Pandanus Amaryllifolius Biocomposite Films
Authors: Rasidi Mohd , Syahmie Mohd , Chew  , Wei Kang , Nasib Mohd , Amira  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The biocomposite films of Polylactic acid (PLA) and Pandanus Amaryllifolius filler (PAF) were prepared using solvent casting method. The effect of PAF content and modification of PAF by silane coupling agent on mechanical, morphological and enzymatic biodegradation of PLA/PAF biocomposite films were determined. PAF content in PLA/PAF biocomposite films caused the tensile strength and elongation at break to decrease, meanwhile Young’s modulus of biocomposite films increased. The SEM micrographs showed poor filler-matrix interaction between PAF and PLA matrix by showing rough surface morphology. The chemical modification of PAF using 3-APE silane coupling agent improved Young’s modulus and tensile strength in biocomposite films however elongation at break has exhibited the trend of decrease. The morphological studied showed that modified PAF had better dispersion and interaction with PLA matrix by showing smoother surface morphology. The changes of functional group of unmodified and modified biocomposite films were proven by Fourier Transform Infrared study.
High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation of Ni-based 800H Superalloy at 700°C in Air
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The high temperature cyclic oxidation has been investigated on 800H superalloy, composed of Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy at 700? for 150 cycles in laboratory air. Two types of samples has been used, where the Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy has been experienced a different heat treatment temperatures, which are 1000? and 1100?, which has differ grain size. The alloy was subjected to a short oxidation period at 700? for one hours, followed by cooling for 20 minutes for each cycle. The oxide phase analysis has been analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The cross sectional line scan analysis has been examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The phase analysis recorded four types of structure has formed on the oxidized sample, composes of austenite phase represent the base metal, corundum oxides, spinel oxides and fluorite oxides structure. The cross sectional analysis indicate that the oxidized samples were formed a several oxide layer, mainly compose of Cr-Mn and Cr-Ti rich oxide with detection of internal oxide precipitates compose of Al-oxide and Si-oxide precipitates.
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Additions on the Physical, Mechanical and Bioactive Property of Sol-Gel Bioglass
Authors: Fadzli SyedAdam Syed Nuzul , Irni Alias Suffi , Firuz Zainuddin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Porous bioceramics are the materials of choice for non-load bearing bone implants. Calcium phosphates and bioglass are widely used due to excellent biocompability. The primary function of porous bioceramics are as filler material for bone defects. In this research, 10% amount of sodium bicarbonates (Na2HCO3) were mixed with sol-gel derived glass powder (SiO2-CaO-P2O5) and sintered at 700 °C for 3 hours. It was found that, additions of sodium bicarbonate induced a foaming effect during sintering of bioglass thus increased the porosity content of the glass-ceramics obtained. However, the increased in porosity significantly reduced the compressive strength of the crystallized glass. The increased in porosity content and formation of sodium related phases within the crystallized glass matrix after sintering resulted in enhancement of its in vitro bioactivity property when tested in SBF solution.
A short review on polyaniline (PANI) based nanocomposites for various applications: enhancing the electrical conductivity
Authors: Khalid NorAisah , Razak Jeefferie Abd , Hasib Hazman , Ismail MohdMuzafar , Mohamad Noraiham , Junid Ramli , Puspitasari Poppy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This short review has summarized the significance of polyaniline (PANI) advanced polymer that focusing into their modification strategy, electrical conductivity and various potential applications. PANI is one type of conductive polymer that was synthesized by oxidative aniline polymerization with varied concentration of acid dopant. In recent year, many researches has been conducted specifically to enhance the electrical conductivity of PANI. There have been numbers of studies involving PANI that specially reported the electrical conductivity could be improved through proper dopant (acid) selection and robust composite strategy. The PANI based nanocomposite shows higher electrical conductivity by integrating it with nanofiller due to the filler-matrix interface contact. Therefore, by modifying the PANI properties, it could be benefited for various potential application in the future.
A short review on polyurethane-based nanocomposites for various applications
Authors: Mohamad Marina , Razak Jeefferie Abd , Mohamad Noraiham , Ahmad Sahrim Haji , Junid Ramli , Puspitasari Poppy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, polyurethane (PU) has attracted researchers’ attention due to their easily tailored properties to meet specific application requirements. PU and PU-based composites are being developed to be applied in various demanding fields such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics. This is because PU-based nanocomposites have numerous types of functional nanofiller integration. This has led to the advancement of polymer nanocomposite of PU with the inclusion of nanosised fillers for various specific purposes. In this short review article, the authors haves reviewed the fundamental or basic understanding of PU and several types of nanofillers used such as clay, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for PU-based nanocomposites development, as well as its potential applications.
Preparation of Bimetallic Catalyst: Gold-Copper (Au-Cu) Nanoparticles for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Nordin Norizwan , Noor NurulAdilah Md , Wahab Najwa Afifi Abdul , Yazid Hanani , Jani AbdulMutalib Md 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The combination of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles can enhance their chemical and physical characteristics for the application in catalysis. This combination of Au and Cu reduce the cost of Au and improve the stability of Cu towards oxidation. This study involves the preparation of Au-Cu NPs for the application in the reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). The Au-Cu NPs catalyst was synthesized with different Au: Cu ratio and addition hexadecylamine (HDA). The highest rate constant (k) of 8.2 × 10−3 s−1 was obtained over 1.5 Au-Cu HDA2 catalyst. UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscope were used to characterize the prepared sample.
Effect of glutaraldehyde as crosslinker on the properties of cellulose nanocrystal/chitosan films
Authors: Gan Pei Gie , Sam Sung Ting , Omar MohdFirdaus , Abdullah Mohammad Faiq 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were isolated from the empty fruit bunch as the reinforcing filler to enhance the tensile and thermal properties of chitosan films. The addition of CNC has greatly increased the tensile strength of the chitosan films from 32.9 MPa for neat chitosan film to 50.9 MPa for 5 wt% CNC/chitosan films. The addition of glutaraldehyde as crosslinker has further improved the tensile property of chitosan films. However, the incorporation of CNC and glutaraldehyde has a negative effect on the elongation at break of the films due to restricted polymer chain mobility. Besides, the addition of CNC also enhanced the melting temperature of the chitosan films. The crosslinking process has further increased the melting temperature to 112.8°C with the addition of 5 wt% CNC. Therefore, the crosslinked CNC/chitosan films display greater property reinforcements than non-crosslinked films.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Fe3O4 Added with Al2O3 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Mohd Şuan MohdShahadan , Chin Chew Ke , Razak Jeefferie Abd , Hasib Hazman , Abid MohdAsyadi ‘Azam Mohd , Nurdin Irwan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A single step sol-gel has been established as a new route for synthesizing AkCb-added Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In this work, the effects of Al2O3 composition towards the micro structure and magnetic properties of AkCb-added Fe3O4 samples were investigated. A series of Fe and Al nitrate mixture solutions were prepared by varying the Al nitrate composition from 2.0 wt. % to 10.0 wt. %. A dropwise of propylene oxide has dimed out the clear red mixture solution with a significant release of heat before turned into a gel. The gel was dried at 90 °C for 48 h in a ventilated oven which then pulverized into a powder by using mortar grinder. The powder was calcinated at 900 °C for 1 h in a normal furnace atmosphere. The XRD results revealed that the existence of polycrystalline Fe3O4 were completed at calcination temperature 900 °C. The SEM images of the Fe3O4 with 10.0 wt.% of Al2O3 samples showed a distinct nanoparticles micro structure due to the increased of Fe3O4 nucleation initiated by Al2O3 nanoparticles. The Vickers microhardness of the Al2O3 added Fe3O4 samples were significantly increased as the Al2O3 content was increased up to 10.0 wt.% attributed from good distribution of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the sample. Subsequently, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer, AGM was insignificantly reduced by the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles. This work indicated that the sol-gel reaction is an effective method to achieve uniform distribution and high purity of AkCb-added Fe3O4 nanoparticles with optimum microhardness and ferromagnetic performances.
A Recent blend of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
Authors: Ahad Nor Azwin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Polymer blending is a well-developed manufacturing process with features of efficient production, ease of processing and good controllability. It can effectively modify and adjust the properties of polymer in order to have greater mechanical, thermal and physical properties, and thus has been commonly used to make functional polymer materials. However, the differences in polarity as well as poor interfacial between each polymer in the blend will promote the difference in polarity between the immiscible and incompatible polymers, and then the blends did not succeed as a good blend. The blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with other polymer has been widely study with focus on the improvement of mechanical properties, wear resistance, thermal stability, toughness and other related properties. This review only focuses on the latest studies on blending TPU with other polymer, just in the range of 3 years from 2017 to 2019.
Bonding and Phases Analysis of Geopolymer Materials
Authors: Azhar Nor Shida Dalila Mohd , Zainal Farah Farhana , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the bondings and mineral phases exist in geopolymer material consist of raw fly ash, raw metakaolin and also fly ash and metakaolin blend geopolymer. Fly ash used is a waste materials from Lumut power plant by combusting coal while metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 750 °C for 4 hours. Alkaline activators that act as binder were sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with the ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH is 2.5 to 1. The samples undergo Functional Group Identification (FTIR) and Phase Analysis (XRD). FTIR results show that after geopolymerization process, the band shifted to lower wavenumber (776 cm−1 ) due to interaction of Al atoms in the silicate geopolymer network because of higher cross-linking. XRD results show mineral phases of quartz and mullite in geopolymer after geopolymerization process and it can be said that not all mineral phases from raw material participating in formation of geopolymer matrix.
The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution Concentration on Properties of Geopolymer Paste
Authors: Zainal Farah Farhana , Sulotoha Nurqistina , Daud Yusrina Mat , Hashim Mohammad Firdaus Abu , Hasri  , Hartati  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research analyzes the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration ranging from 8M to 12M as alkaline activator on the properties of geopolymer paste. Alkaline activator is essentially a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. In this research, the main component used was raw kaolin. In order to produce kaolin based geopolymer paste, the alkaline activator solution was prepared with 0.24:1.00 ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH and this alkaline activator solution was prepared for 24 hours prior before used in another process. The solid-to-liquid ratio which is kaolin-to alkaline activator solution ratio was 0.80:1.00. The mixture of kaolin based geopolymer paste were placed in cube moulds with a size of 50x50x50 mm, and left for 24 hours until it hardened. Then, the samples were cured at 80? in the oven for 24 hours. The samples of kaolin based geopolymer paste were tested based on compressive strength, morphology analysis, water absorption and porosity after 28 days. In this project, 8M concentration of NaOH solution was the best concentration in order to study the synthesis of kaolin based geopolymer paste as the sample had the highest amount of compressive strength with 0.992 MPa and had the lowest water absorption and porosity with 1.246% and 24.08% respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphological structure of the kaolin based geopolymer paste. The sample with 8M concentration of NaOH solution shows that least amount of unreacted particles. The structure of kaolin based geopolymer paste was more dense at 8M concentration as the size of pore decreases. The kaolin based geopolymer paste is suitable for use in the construction building industry as a finishing product such as coating.
Thermal behaviour and microstructural analysis of Sn-40Pb alloy and Sn-40Pb soldered on electroless nickel/immersion gold
Authors: Teoh Ai Ling , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Halin Dewi Suriyani Che , Foo Kai Loong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the toxicity of lead solder, the lead-free solder has been developing and improved in order to replace the lead solder. However, the behaviour and properties of lead solder is still better than the lead-free solder, especially in application when soldering on substrate. Hence, a common lead solder, Sn-40Pb is studied in this research by comparing with Sn-40Pb soldering on electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) substrate. The thermal behaviour by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and microstructure formation with elemental analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were carried out for Sn-40Pb solder alloy and Sn-40Pb soldered on ENIG substrate in this study. The result showed that the pasty range of Sn-40Pb was lower than Sn-40Pb/ENIG while the undercooling was higher. The diffusion and dissolution of Ni and Cu elements from ENIG substrate into the solder, forming the lead-rich phase with Ni elements and interfacial (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 with Pb elements in Sn-40Pb/ENIG. The diffusion and dissolution of elements from substrate into the solder affects the thermal behaviour and microstructural of solder.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing, Genotyping, and Histopathologic Follow-up in Women With Abnormal Glandular Cells on Papanicolaou Tests
Authors: Zuo Tao , Levi Angelique W , Lin Qiongqiong , Abi-Raad Rita , Adeniran Adebowale J , Cai Guoping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the association of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status and HPV genotype with histopathologic follow-ups in women with an atypical glandular cell (AGC) interpretation.

Methods
Cases with AGC interpretation on a Papanicolaou (Pap) test were retrieved along with hrHPV testing, genotyping, and histologic follow-up results if available.

Results
A total of 561 AGC cases were identified, with histologic follow-up available for 471 cases (84%). The follow-up diagnoses included benign or reactive changes (60% of cases), low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (18%), high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3; 7%), cervical carcinoma (5%), and other malignancies (10%). Tests for hrHPV were positive in 128 of 426 (30%) cases, including HPV16 (30%), HPV18 (14%) and other HPV subtypes (56%). A positive hrHPV result significantly increased the risk of developing CIN2-3 or cervical carcinoma (odds ratio, 24.6; 95% CI, 9.9-58.9) and HPV16 or HPV18 further increased the risk (odds ratio, 49.5; 95% CI, 17.7-123.7).

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that in women with an AGC Pap interpretation, a positive hrHPV result, especially type 16 or 18, is associated with an increased risk of developing cervical CIN2-3 or higher lesions, suggesting potential implications of hrHPV testing for the management of patients with an AGC result on a Pap test.