bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of Self‐Rotating Droplets Based on Liquid Metal
Authors: Wang Zhanlong , Wang Xiaohe , Miao Qing , Zhao Ya‐Pu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to their fascinating characteristics, liquid metals (LMs) have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community, and are a potential material for various applications. A novel phenomenon is reported in which an acid droplet spontaneously rotates on the surface of an LM. The experimental results show that this phenomenon originates from the collective motion of bubbles generated by the chemical reactions between the droplet and the LM. The angular velocity of the droplet rotation is on the order of 101 rad s−1, which is much higher than that driven by other mechanisms. Under different conditions, the period of the droplet differs, and it increases with the pH and radius of the acid droplet. The theoretical results indicate the dominant factors and the characterized angular velocity, which agree well with the experimental data. This phenomenon demonstrate that the general particles can also induce special spatial–temporal patterns, and opens up a new field for the application of LMs.
Clinical and molecular characterization study of Chinese Kabuki syndrome in Hong Kong
Authors: So Po L. , Luk Ho M. , Yu Kris P. T. , Cheng Shirley S.W. , Hau Edgar W. L. , Ho Stephanie K. L. , Lam Stephen T. S. , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKabuki syndrome (OMIM #147920 and 300867) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive facial gestalt, intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies. We summarized the clinical features and molecular findings of the Kabuki syndrome (KS) patients diagnosed in Hong Kong between January 1991 and December 2019. There were 21 molecularly confirmed KS. Twenty of them were due to pathogenic KMT2D variants and one patient had KDM6A deletion. Nine KMT2D variants were novel. The clinical phenotype of our Chinese KS patients was largely comparable with that reported in patients of other ethnicities. This study expands the mutation spectrum but also provide important natural history information of Chinese KS in literature.
Mapping relationships between ADHD genetic liability, stressful life events, and ADHD symptoms in healthy adults
Authors: Li Ting , Franke Barbara , AriasVasquez Alejandro , Mota Nina Roth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are continuously distributed in the general population, where both genetic and environmental factors play roles. Stressful life events (SLEs) have been associated with ADHD diagnosis, but the relationship between ADHD genetic liability, SLEs, and ADHD symptoms in healthy individuals is less clear. Using a sample of 1,531 healthy adults (average age 26.9 years; 55.8% female), we investigated relationships between ADHD polygenic risk scores (ADHD‐PRSs), SLEs, and ADHD symptoms in a general population sample. Confirming earlier findings in an overlapping sample, all SLE‐measures assessed (lifetime SLEs, recent SLEs, and childhood trauma (CT)) were significantly correlated with total ADHD, inattention (IA), and hyperactivity‐impulsivity (HI) scores (r2 range = .08–.15; all p < .005). ADHD‐PRSs was associated with HI (R2best‐fit = .37%), lifetime SLEs (R2best‐fit = .56%), and CT (R2best‐fit = .40%). Mediation analyses showed that lifetime SLEs partially mediated the association between ADHD‐PRSs and HI (indirect effect: β = 68.6, bias corrected accelerated 95% confident interval (BCa95%CI) [11.9, 131.0], p = .016, proportion mediated (PM) =19.5%), with strongest effects contributed by CT (β = 34.4, BCa95%CI [0.4, 76.5], p = .040, PM = 9.8%). On the other hand, HI partially mediated the association between the ADHD‐PRSs and lifetime SLEs (β = 42.9, BCa95%CI [7.3, 83.9], p = .014, PM = 18.8%). Our study observed a complex relationship of genetic and environmental risk factors contributing to ADHD symptoms in the healthy adult population.
The Latin American network for congenital malformation surveillance: ReLAMC
Authors: Orioli Iêda Maria , Dolk Helen , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge , Groisman Boris , Benavides‐Lara Adriana , Gimenez Lucas Gabriel , Correa Daniel Mattos , Ascurra Marta , de Aquino Bonilha Eliana , Canessa‐Tapia Maria Aurora , de França Giovanny Vinícius Araújo , Hurtado‐Villa Paula , Ibarra‐Ramírez Marisol , Pardo Rosa , Pastora Dania Maria , Zarante Ignacio , Soares Flávia Schneider , de Carvalho Flávia Martinez , Piola Mariana ,   ReLAMC Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe early detection of congenital anomaly epidemics occurs when comparing current with previous frequencies in the same population. The success of epidemiologic surveillance depends on numerous factors, including the accuracy of the rates available in the base period, wide population coverage, and short periodicity of analysis. This study aims to describe the Latin American network of congenital malformation surveillance: ReLAMC, created to increase epidemiologic surveillance in Latin America. We describe the main steps, tasks, strategies used, and preliminary results. From 2017 to 2019, five national registries (Argentina [RENAC], Brazil [SINASC/SIM‐BRS], Chile [RENACH], Costa Rica [CREC], Paraguay [RENADECOPY‐PNPDC]), six regional registries (Bogotá [PVSDC‐Bogota], Cali [PVSDC‐Cali], Maule [RRMC SSM], Nicaragua [SVDC], Nuevo‐León [ReDeCon HU], São Paulo [SINASC/SIM‐MSP]) and the ECLAMC hospital network sent data to ReLAMC on a total population of 9,152,674 births, with a total of 101,749 malformed newborns (1.1%; 95% CI 1.10–1.12). Of the 9,000,651 births in countries covering both live and stillbirths, 88,881 were stillborn (0.99%; 95% CI 0.98–0.99), and among stillborns, 6,755 were malformed (7.61%; 95% CI 7.44–7.79). The microcephaly rate was 2.45 per 10,000 births (95% CI 2.35–2.55), hydrocephaly 3.03 (2.92–3.14), spina bifida 2.89 (2.78–3.00), congenital heart defects 15.53 (15.27–15.79), cleft lip 2.02 (1.93–2.11), cleft palate and lip 2.77 (2.66–2.88), talipes 2.56 (2.46–2.67), conjoined twins 0.16 (0.14–0.19), and Down syndrome 5.33 (5.18–5.48). Each congenital anomaly showed heterogeneity in prevalence rates among registries. The harmonization of data in relation to operational differences between registries is the next step in developing the common ReLAMC database.
Bismuth Amides Mediate Facile and Highly Selective Pn–Pn Radical‐Coupling Reactions (Pn=N, P, As)
Authors: Oberdorf Kai , Hanft Anna , Ramler Jacqueline , Krummenacher Ivo , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Poater Jordi , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe controlled release of well‐defined radical species under mild conditions for subsequent use in selective reactions is an important and challenging task in synthetic chemistry. We show here that simple bismuth amide species [Bi(NAr2)3] readily release aminyl radicals [NAr2]. at ambient temperature in solution. These reactions yield the corresponding hydrazines, Ar2N−NAr2, as a result of highly selective N−N coupling. The exploitation of facile homolytic Bi−Pn bond cleavage for Pn−Pn bond formation was extended to higher homologues of the pnictogens (Pn=N–As): homoleptic bismuth amides mediate the highly selective dehydrocoupling of HPnR2 to give R2Pn−PnR2. Analyses by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal low Bi−N homolytic bond‐dissociation energies, suggest radical coupling in the coordination sphere of bismuth, and reveal electronic and steric parameters as effective tools to control these reactions.
Effects of low pH and high temperature on two Palythoa spp. and predator–prey interactions in the subtropical eastern Atlantic
Authors: López Cataixa , Bas‐Silvestre María , Rodríguez Adriana , Brito Alberto , Clemente Sabrina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In the current context of climate change, benthic cnidarians of the genus Palythoa have been suggested to be resistant owing to their intrinsic biological characteristics. In tropical regions, some species are currently proliferating in areas where environmental conditions are less suitable for other organisms, even replacing hard coral ecosystems.
Considering their tropical affinities, phase‐shifts towards Palythoa‐dominated areas could become more frequent in future climate change scenarios, leading to changes in ecosystem organization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of climate change stressors in two common Palythoa spp. with different habitat affinities within a subtropical region, and the effect upon their predator–prey interactions.
The results of this experimental study demonstrated that colonies of P. aff. clavata and P. caribaeorum were significantly affected by exposure to temperature and pH conditions predicted for 2100 in the Canary Islands, during 62 days.
Despite zoantharians’ lack of carbonate in their body wall, Palythoa spp. were most affected in their growth rates by lowered pH, and colonies significantly decreased in weight and size. Although all colonies exhibited symptoms of bleaching at high temperature, a reduction in chlorophyll content was also observed at low pH.
Predation by Platypodiella picta crabs decreased on P. aff. clavata exposed to acidic conditions, which may compensate for the lowered ecological performance of the species in these climate change conditions. In contrast, P. picta was able to actively feed on P. caribaeorum colonies regardless of the experimental conditions.
Despite being suggested as winner species in a climate change scenario, our study demonstrated that low pH negatively impacted Palythoa spp. survival. If the species are not able to acclimatize to the new conditions, changes in their populations may be expected, although their magnitude could be ameliorated by means of a decrease in predation rates.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early stage cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Bao Bingting , Wang Sixue , Yi Mingyu , Jiang Li , Fang Xiaoling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the specific side detection rate of the sentinel lymph node biopsy and the accuracy in predicting lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer.MethodsA systematic search of databases was performed from the inception of the databases to 27 June 2020. Studies of cervical cancer patients with FIGO stage FIGO ⅠA~ⅡB, evaluating the sentinel lymph node biopsy with blue dye, technetium 99, combined technique (blue dye with technetium 99) or indocyanine green with a reference standard of systematic pelvis lymph node dissection or clinical follow‐up were included. Stata12.0 and Meta‐Disc 1.4 were used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsOf 2825 articles found, 21 studies (2234 women) were eventually included. Out of 21 studies, 20 met the detection rate evaluation criteria and six were included for sensitivity meta‐analysis. Due to heterogeneity, it was inappropriate to pool all studies. The pooled specific side detection rates were 85% in tumors up to 2 cm, 67% in tumors over 2 cm, 75.2% for blue dye, 74.7% for technetium 99, 84% for combined technique, and 85.5% for indocyanine green. The sentinel lymph node biopsy had a pooled specific side sensitivity of 88%. Adverse effects of sentinel lymph node biopsy appear minimal for most patients and are mainly related to the injection of blue dye.ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy using a tracer with a high detection rate and ultrastaging is highly accurate and reliable when limited to seriously selected patients, with satisfactory bilateral lymph node mapping and where enough cases for learning curve optimization exist. Indocyanine green sentinel lymph node mapping seems to be a superior sentinel lymph node mapping technique compared to other methods at present.
LiVOPO4‐Modified Lithium‐Rich Layered Composite Cathodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Tongxin , Li Donglin , Zhang Wei , Kong Xiangze , Zhang Peiqi , Ren Xuqiang , Zhang Qingbo , Gao Jianhang , Fan Xiaoyong , Gou Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxide Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (LNCMO) is a promising cathode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, it suffers from severe capacity fading and voltage decay, especially at high voltage (>4.5 V). In this study, we successfully design an active LiVOPO4 (LVOP) coating on the LNCMO surface. The LNCMO/LVOP composites exhibit enhanced rate capability and largely improved cycling stability during long‐term cycling. Such superior performances can be attributed to the active LVOP coating layer, which can suppress the parasitic reactions between the LNCMO surface and the electrolyte. This work shows the potential for designing Li‐rich layered composite cathode materials by coating the active phase for high energy/power LIBs.
Varietal quality control in the nursery plant industry using computer vision and deep learning techniques
Authors: Borraz‐Martínez Sergio , Tarrés Francesc , Boqué Ricard , Mestre Mariàngela , Simó Joan , Gras Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComputer vision coupled to deep learning is a promising technique with multiple applications in the industry. In this work, the potential of this technique has been assessed in the classification of two varieties of almond trees (Prunus dulcis), Soleta and Pentacebas. For that, a convolutional neural network named VGG16 was used. The most appropriate configuration for model training was studied, which included the comparison between two different filling modes (reflect and nearest) in the data augmentation step, the evaluation of the batch size and the analysis of the image sizes. The robustness of the model was also checked, and information was obtained about how the model extracts the information from the images. The results showed that the reflect fill mode was more effective than the nearest one. The best results were obtained using batches with 30 and 40 images, with an image size of (224 × 224) pixels. The verification of the robustness proved the capability of the technique as a promising tool for plant varietal identification.
Communication‐efficient distributed large‐scale sparse multinomial logistic regression
Authors: Lei Dajiang , Huang Jie , Chen Hao , Li Jie , Wu Yu 
Published: December 2020

SummarySparse multinomial logistic regression (SMLR) is widely used in image classification and text classification due to its feature selection and probabilistic output. However, the traditional SMLR algorithm cannot satisfy the memory and time needs of big data, which makes it necessary to propose a new distributed solution algorithm. The existing distributed SMLR algorithm has some shortcomings in network strategy and cannot make full use of the computing resources of the current high‐performance cluster. Therefore, we propose communication‐efficient sparse multinomial logistic regression (CESMLR), which adopts the efficient network strategy of each node to solve the SMLR subproblem and achieve a large number of data partitions, taking full advantage of the computing resources of the cluster to achieve an efficient SMLR solution. The big data experimental results show that the performance of our algorithm exceeds those of state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. CESMLR is suitable for processing tasks with high‐dimensional features and consumes less running time while maintaining high classification accuracy.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Trivinyl Orthoacetate: Mechanisms Elucidated by Parahydrogen Induced Polarization
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Brahms Arne , Kienitz Stephan , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Herges Rainer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParahydrogen (pH2) induced polarization (PHIP) is a unique method that is used in analytical chemistry to elucidate catalytic hydrogenation pathways and to increase the signal of small metabolites in MRI and NMR. PHIP is based on adding or exchanging at least one pH2 molecule with a target molecule. Thus, the spin order available for hyperpolarization is often limited to that of one pH2 molecule. To break this limit, we investigated the addition of multiple pH2 molecules to one precursor. We studied the feasibility of the simultaneous hydrogenation of three arms of trivinyl orthoacetate (TVOA) intending to obtain hyperpolarized acetate. It was found that semihydrogenated TVOA underwent a fast decomposition accompanied by several minor reactions including an exchange of geminal methylene protons of a vinyl ester with pH2. The study shows that multiple vinyl ester groups are not suitable for a fast and clean (without any side products) hydrogenation and hyperpolarization that is desired in biochemical applications.
A Comprehensive Experimental Guide to Studying Cross‐Presentation in Dendritic Cells In Vitro
Authors: Sadiq Barzan A. , Mantel Ian , Blander J. Magarian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCross‐presentation was first observed serendipitously in the 1970s. The importance of it was quickly realized and subsequently attracted great attention from immunologists. Since then, our knowledge of the ability of certain antigen presenting cells to internalize, process, and load exogenous antigens onto MHC‐I molecules to cross‐prime CD8+ T cells has increased significantly. Dendritic cells (DCs) are exceptional cross‐presenters, thus making them a great tool to study cross‐presentation but the relative rarity of DCs in circulation and in tissues makes it challenging to isolate sufficient numbers of cells to study this process in vitro. In this paper, we describe in detail two methods to culture DCs from bone‐marrow progenitors and a method to expand the numbers of DCs present in vivo as a source of endogenous bona‐fide cross‐presenting DCs. We also describe methods to assess cross‐presentation by DCs using the activation of primary CD8+ T cells as a readout. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of bone marrow progenitor cellsBasic Protocol 2: In vitro differentiation of dendritic cells with GM‐CSFSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of conditioned medium from GM‐CSF producing J558L cellsBasic Protocol 3: In vitro differentiation of dendritic cells with Flt3LSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of Flt3L containing medium from B16‐Flt3L cellsBasic Protocol 4: Expansion of cDC1s in vivo for use in ex vivo experimentsBasic Protocol 5: Characterizing resting and activated dendritic cellsBasic Protocol 6: Dendritic cell stimulation, antigenic cargo, and fixationSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of model antigen coated microbeadsSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of apoptotic cellsSupport Protocol 5: Preparation of recombinant bacteriaBasic Protocol 7: Immunocytochemistry immunofluorescence (ICC/IF)Support Protocol 6: Preparation of Alcian blue‐coated coverslipsBasic Protocol 8: CD8+ T cell activation to assess cross‐presentationSupport Protocol 7: Isolation and labeling of CD8+ T cells with CFSE
Fractional rider optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of the mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Aravind Arikrishnaperumal Ramaswamy , Chakravarthi Rekha 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) employ the mobile sinks to gather the information from the sensors deployed in the environment periodically, in such a way to avoid the energy‐crisis and hotspot issues. Delay in visiting all the nodes is addressed through the rendezvous points that collect the data from other nodes such that the nodes collect the data from this point rather than visiting all the nodes, which saves energy. However, the optimal placement of the mobile sinks to visit those rendezvous points is a need, which is addressed optimally using the proposed fractional rider optimization algorithm (FROA). The FROA is the modification of the rider optimization algorithm (ROA) with the fractional theory, and the ultimate goal of the proposed algorithm is to optimally place the mobile sink for which initially, the wireless sensor environment is split as uniform‐sized cells with the Voronoi partitions and clusters are formed using sparse fuzzy c‐means (sparse‐FCM) algorithm. The constraints for enabling the optimal sink placement are distance, delay, and energy of the nodes. The simulation analysis reveals that the proposed method outperformed the existing algorithms, with minimal distance of 132.2069 m, maximal network energy, alive nodes, and throughput of 21.4605, 56, and 62.3702, respectively.
Isomerization of Na‐Centered Alkyltin Keggin Clusters
Authors: Hutchison Danielle C. , Smith Rachelle M. , Nyman May 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Keggin cluster topology, discovered in tungsten polyoxometalates approximately a century ago, is now broadly represented across the periodic table. The alkyltin Keggin clusters are unique in that it is the only Keggin family that appears to favor the rarer β and γ rotational isomers, co‐crystallized as β,γ‐[(BuSn)12(NaO4)(OCH3)12(O)5(OH)7] (β,γ‐NaSn12). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR; 1H, 119Sn) studies show lability and ready exchange between hydroxy‐methoxy ligands, accelerated by residual water in polar solvents. Room temperature and heated solutions of β,γ‐NaSn12 show five distinct 23Na NMR peaks, corresponding to all five of the Keggin rotational isomers simultaneously in solution. This is the only example of coexistence of all Keggin isomers simultaneously, providing more in‐depth insight into parameters influencing Keggin isomer stabilization, isolation, and exchange.
Generation of realistic synthetic catchments to explore fine continental surface processes
Authors: Bunel Raphaël , Lecoq Nicolas , Copard Yoann , Guérin Eric , Van de Wiel Marco , Massei Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding, analysing, and predicting the erosion mechanisms and sedimentary flows produced by catchments plays a key role in environmental conservation and restoration management and policies. Numerical case‐testing studies are generally undertaken to analyse the sensitivity of flood and soil erosion processes to the physical characteristics of catchments. Most analyses are conducted on simple virtual catchments with physical characteristics that, unlike real catchments, are perfectly controlled. Virtual catchments generally correspond to V‐shaped valley catchments. However, although these catchments are suitable for methodical analysis of the results, they do not provide a realistic representation of the spatial structures of the landscape and field conditions. They can, therefore, lead to potential modelling errors and can make it difficult to extend or generalize their results. Our proposed method bridges the gap between real and traditional virtual catchments by creating realistic virtual catchments with perfectly controllable physical characteristics. Our approach represents a real alternative to traditional test case procedures and provides a new framework for geomorphological and hydrological communities. It combines a field procedural generation approach, geographic information system processing procedures, and the CAESAR‐Lisflood landscape evolution model. We illustrate how each of these components acts in the process of generating virtual catchments. Five physical parameters were adjusted and tested for each virtual catchment: drainage density, hypsometric integral, mean slope of the main channel, granulometry, and land use. One of our virtual catchments is compared with a real catchment and a virtual catchment produced by a standard method. This comparison indicates that our approach can produce more realistic virtual catchments than those produced by more traditional methods, while a high degree of controllability is maintained. This new method of generating virtual catchments therefore offers significant research potential to identify the impacts of the physical characteristics of catchments on hydro‐sedimentary dynamics and responses.