bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workforce Composition and the Risk of Labor Market Exit Among Older Workers in Finnish Companies
Authors: Riekhoff Aart-Jan , Järnefelt Noora , Laaksonen Mikko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article investigates how a firm’s workforce characteristics affect an individual’s timing of exit from the labor market. It analyzes the relations between the age, skill, and wage structures of companies and the risk of labor market exit of Finnish older workers by using the detailed longitudinal register-based Finnish Linked Employer–Employee Data. The study follows the Finnish working population born between 1942 and 1950 (N = 216,713). Multilevel discrete-time survival analysis with individuals nested in firms is applied to estimate the risk of permanent exit from work between the ages of 53 and 68. The results show that these risks differ between firms: greater diversity in age and education levels among the workforce as well as seniority-based wage systems within a firm decrease the propensity of early exit, while being employed at a firm with an older staff increases the risk of exit. The findings from interactions between individual- and firm-level characteristics further illustrate that one’s individual characteristics matter in relation to the characteristics of the overall firm’s workforce. Being dissimilar from one’s coworkers, especially in terms of skills and education, can reduce the risk of early exit.
Peter Artedi’s Catalogue of the fishes of the Baltic Sea: an English translation with an introduction and commentary
Authors: Aili Hans , Pietsch Theodore W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A manuscript catalogue of the fishes of the Baltic Sea, and of the rivers and lakes of Sweden, the only known original work of the Swedish ichthyologist Peter Artedi (1705‒35) by his own hand, is translated into English for the first time, and its contents assessed in light of Artedi’s contribution to the development and philosophy of Linnaean systematics. Appended accounts of Swedish cetaceans and terrestrial mammals are also discussed, as well as Artedi’s ‘principles of ichthyology’, the methodology later employed in his magnum opus, the Ichthyologia of 1738. Evidence that Artedi presented the manuscript to Sir Hans Sloane as a way to introduce himself during his visit to London in 1734 is also provided.
Chrysin Alleviates Chronic Hypoxia–Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Reducing Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Dong Fang , Zhang Jun , Zhu Shun , Lan Ting , Yang Jinbo , Li Linqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Chrysin (CH), the main ingredient of many medicinal plants, has been reported to be a very potent flavonoid possessing a large number of pharmacological activities. Recent studies have shown that CH significantly improves hemodynamic parameters such as right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of chronic hypoxia–induced pulmonary hypertension (CHPH). These improvements are through the inhibition of NOX4 expression, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, and collagen accumulation. In this study, we investigated another mechanism by which CH alleviates CHPH by regulating intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in PASMCs, as well as the underlying signaling pathway. The results show that (1) in CHPH model rats, CH substantially attenuated elevated right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling; (2) in cultured rat distal PASMCs, CH inhibited the hypoxia-triggered promotion of cell proliferation, store-operated Ca2+ entry and [Ca2+]i; and (3) CH significantly suppressed the hypoxia-upregulated HIF-1α, BMP4, TRPC1, and TRPC6 expression in distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) and cultured rat distal PASMCs. These results indicate that CH likely exerts its CHPH protective activity by regulating [Ca2+]i, which may result from the downregulation of HIF-1α, BMP4, TRPC1, and TRPC in PASMCs.
What Matters to Parents Regarding Immunization of Their Children
Authors: Imahorn Noemi , Heininger Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

Background:
World Health Organization announced vaccine hesitancy among the top 10 threats to global health in 2019. While the number of persons looking for information on health topics on the internet is increasing, information regarding immunization on the internet is often inaccurate and misleading. We aimed to determine the kind of information parents seek on the internet for decision-making regarding immunizations for their children.

Methods:
We investigated threads of an internet vaccine forum, where parents can get personalized advice from a vaccine expert, with regard to the types of vaccines and content of the questions. One thousand six hundred twenty consultations (4896 questions) between September 2001 and December 2018 were examined. Of these, 1386, including 4000 questions, were related to immunizations of the user’s child. Date of consultation, user gender and country of residence, age of the child; kind of vaccine(s), and topic of the question according to the following categories were analyzed: Vaccination schedule, safety, effectiveness, necessity, vaccine application, serology, exchangeability of different vaccine types and brands, maternally acquired immunity, reimbursement, and vaccine product related.

Results:
Most questions concerned infants (47.7%) and regarded measles-component (28.9%) and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combination vaccines (25.3%). Parents were mainly interested in vaccination schedule (33.8%), safety (26.6%), and effectiveness (17.8%) of vaccines. Over time, safety-related questions decreased, and effectiveness related questions increased. Disease outbreaks or newly introduced vaccines and vaccinations temporarily raised interest. From 2011 onwards, most questions regarded measles-component vaccines.

Conclusions:
Our findings will assist health care professionals and policy makers in preparing targeted information campaigns to address questions and counteract vaccine hesitancy.
The Role of Viral Coinfection in Bronchiolitis Treated With High-Flow Nasal Cannula at Pediatric Emergency Department During 2 Consecutive Seasons
Authors: Ferro Valentina , Boccuzzi Elena , Battaglia Massimo , Rossi Francesco Paolo , Olita Carla , Giglioni Emanuele , Concato Carlo , Piccioni Livia , Perrotta Daniela , Reale Antonino , Raucci Umberto 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The role of multiple respiratory viruses in bronchiolitis treated with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the contribution of coinfection on clinical course of bronchiolitis treated with HFNC and on response to this treatment.

Methods:
We selected 120 children with bronchiolitis, younger than 12 months, admitted to Emergency Department between 2016 and 2018 and treated with HFNC. We compared single and multiple virus infections in relation to specific outcomes such as the clinical response to HFNC and the HFNC failure. The multiple virus infection was defined by the detection of 2 or more viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates. The HFNC failure was defined as escalation to higher level of care, including Helmet-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, invasive ventilation or transfer to pediatric intensive care unit within 48 hours from the time of HFNC initiation. We also performed a comparison between HFNC failure and HFNC not-failure groups according to the number of virus and the type of virus.

Results:
The severity score post-HFNC initiation was significantly associated with coinfection [odds ratio (OR): 1.361; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.036–1.786; P = 0.027]. The likelihood of coinfection decreased by 23.1% for each increase of saturation O2 after HFNC initiation (OR: 0.769; 95% CI: 0.609–0.972; P = 0.028). Atelectasis was more likely to occur in coinfection (OR: 2.923; 95% CI: 1.049–8.148; P = 0.04). The duration of HFNC treatment increased significantly in coinfection (OR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.006–1.029; P = 0.002). No significant differences were described between HFNC failure and the number and the type of detected viruses.

Conclusions:
The detection of multiple viruses and the type of virus did not influence the HFNC failure, although the coinfection was associated with a deterioration of severity score, a longer HFNC treatment and a major presence of atelectasis. The role of coinfection on HFNC treatment might subtend a complex interplay between multiple viruses and host susceptibility.
Immunogenicity Comparison of a Next Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Animal Models and Human Infants
Authors: Xie Jinfu , Zhang Yuhua , Caro-Aguilar Ivette , Indrawati Lani , Smith William J. , Giovarelli Cecilia , Winters Michael A. , MacNair John , He Jian , Abeygunawardana Chitrananda , Musey Luwy , Kosinski Michael , Skinner Julie M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Evaluation of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in an animal model provides an initial assessment of the performance of the vaccine prior to evaluation in humans. Cost, availability, study duration, cross-reactivity and applicability to humans are several factors which contribute to animal model selection. PCV15 is an investigational 15-valent PCV which includes capsular polysaccharides from pneumococcal serotypes (ST) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F and 33F all individually conjugated to cross-reactive material 197 (CRM197).

Methods:
Immunogenicity of PCV15 was evaluated in infant rhesus macaques (IRM), adult New Zealand white rabbits (NZWR) and CD1 mice using multiplexed pneumococcal electrochemiluminescent (Pn ECL) assay to measure serotype-specific IgG antibodies, multiplexed opsonophagocytosis assay (MOPA) to measure serotype-specific functional antibody responses and bacterial challenge in mice to evaluate protection against a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae.

Results:
PCV15 was immunogenic and induced both IgG and functional antibodies to all 15 vaccine serotypes in all animal species evaluated. PCV15 also protected mice from S. pneumoniae serotype 14 intraperitoneal challenge. Opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) titers measured from sera of human infants vaccinated with PCV15 in a Phase 2 clinical trial showed a good correlation with that observed in IRM (r

s
=0.69, P=0.006), a medium correlation with that of rabbits (r

s
=0.49, P=0.06), and no correlation with that of mice (r

s
=0.04, P=0.89). In contrast, there was no correlation in serum IgG levels between human infants and animal models.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that PCV15 is immunogenic across multiple animal species, with IRM and human infants showing the best correlation for OPA responses.
Assessing Executive Nurse Leaders' Financial Literacy Level
Authors: Brydges Garry , Krepper Rebecca , Nibert Ainslie , Young Anne , Luquire Rosemary 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Financial Management Competency Self-assessment (FMCA) in executive nurse leaders (ENLs) and to determine how ENLs develop and apply financial knowledge.

BACKGROUND
Financial literacy (FL) helps in planning, implementing, and evaluating fiscal decisions, but many ENLs report weaknesses in this core competency.

METHODS
An explanatory-sequential mixed-methods study was conducted to psychometrically test the FMCA and explore how ENLs with different levels of FL develop and apply financial knowledge. Eligible participants (n = 178) were recruited from a population of ENLs across the United States.

RESULTS
The test-retest reliability of the FMCA was good (mean difference, 6.80; 95% confidence interval). Correlations between domain scores (P < .01) and the overall score (Cronbach's α = .99) demonstrated the reliability and validity of the instrument. The cutoff scores were fair indicators of different levels of FL in ENLs (P < .001). Self-awareness, gaps in hospital and graduate nursing education, application of financial knowledge, and a micro versus macro view emerged as important themes in the qualitative analysis.

CONCLUSION
FMCA reliability and validity were established. FMCA cutoff scores were established to determine FL level, and the ENL lived experience described in financial knowledge development and application.
Civility Mentor
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Dunham Michelle 
Published: November 2019

Background
Incivility and disrespect in health care weaken teamwork and collaboration, diminish communication, and can impact an individual's ability and willingness to speak up and advocate for patient care.

Problem
Evidence-based teaching strategies are needed to prepare nursing students to address incivility in academic and practice settings.

Approach
The authors describe a virtual learning experience designed to prepare students to prevent and address incivility in academic and health care environments and report preliminary assessment data from student users.

Outcomes
More than 90% of 22 000 student respondents indicated they were satisfied with the learning experience, were made aware of the consequences of incivility and its effects on patient safety, and planned to apply techniques for addressing incivility into their nursing practice

Conclusion
Civility mentor is effective in educating students about the consequences of incivility, developing skills to foster civility, communicating more assertively, and addressing incivility in academic and health care environments.
Associations between alcohol use and HIV care cascade outcomes among adults undergoing population-based HIV testing in East Africa
Authors: Puryear Sarah B. , Balzer Laura B. , Ayieko James , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Hahn Judith A. , Charlebois Edwin D. , Clark Tamara D. , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Kamya Moses R. , Petersen Maya L. , Havlir Diane V. , Chamie Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To assess the impact of alcohol use on HIV care cascade outcomes.

Design:
Cross-sectional analyses.

Methods:
We evaluated HIV care cascade outcomes and alcohol use in adults (≥15 years) during baseline (2013--2014) population-based HIV testing in 28 Kenyan and Ugandan communities. ‘Alcohol use’ included any current use and was stratified by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) scores: nonhazardous/low (1--3 men/1--2 women), hazardous/medium (4--5 men/3--5 women), hazardous/high (6--7), hazardous/very-high (8--12). We estimated cascade outcomes and relative risks associated with each drinking level using targeted maximum likelihood estimation, adjusting for confounding and missing measures.

Results:
Among 118 923 adults, 10 268 (9%) tested HIV-positive. Of those, 10 067 (98%) completed alcohol screening: 1626 (16%) reported drinking, representing 7% of women (467/6499) and 33% of men (1 159/3568). Drinking levels were: low (48%), medium (34%), high (11%), very high (7%). Drinkers were less likely to be previously HIV diagnosed (58% [95% CI: 55--61%]) than nondrinkers [66% (95% CI: 65–67%); RR: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83–0.92)]. If previously diagnosed, drinkers were less likely to be on ART [77% (95% CI: 73–80%)] than nondrinkers [83% (95% CI 82–84%); RR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97)]. If on ART, there was no association between alcohol use and viral suppression; however, very-high-level users were less likely to be suppressed [RR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68–0.94)] versus nondrinkers. On a population level, viral suppression was 38% (95% CI: 36–41%) among drinkers and 44% (95% CI: 43–45%) among nondrinkers [RR: 0.87 (95% CI 0.82–0.94)], an association seen at all drinking levels.

Conclusion:
Alcohol use was associated with lower viral suppression; this may be because of decreased HIV diagnosis and ART use.
Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System Categorization
Authors: Uner Cigdem , Aydin Sonay , Ucan Berna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) is the main imaging method to assess thyroid nodules. In the pediatric population, thyroid nodules are less prevalently seen than those in adults. However, approximately 25% of the nodules can be malignant. Validation of Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification has been mostly tested in adults, and information on pediatric cases is limited. In the current study, we aim to define the diagnostic power of the TI-RADS risk stratification method in pediatric thyroid nodules.
The study population consists of 68 nodules of 64 patients (20 malignant, 48 benign). We have included patients at least 18 years and with a pathological diagnosis. The researchers evaluated the US images of the patients, if available. If US images cannot be found, US reports of the patients were evaluated to define TI-RADS points and category.
Mean age of the population is 15.15 ± 2.66 years. There were 10 (17.7%) male patients and 58 (85.3%) female patients. Median nodule size was 8 mm. Final diagnosis was benign in 48 nodules (70.6%) and malignant in 20 nodules (29.4%). There were 5 follicular carcinoma cases and 15 papillary carcinoma cases. The area under the curve estimate was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.98), and the area under the curve value confirmed the diagnostic efficacy of TI-RADS categorization in pediatric thyroid nodules. A TI-RADS category of 4 or 5 seemed to be a good cutoff point to predict malignancy.
To conclude, TI-RADS categorization can be effectively used to assess pediatric thyroid nodules. Nodules with TI-RADS categories of 4 and 5 have the greatest risk of malignancy, and they should be evaluated pathologically.
Low Circulating Levels of GR, FKBP5, and SGK1 in Medicated Patients With Depression Are Not Altered by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Ryan Karen M. , Poelz Lena , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation is frequently observed in patients with depression, with increased levels of the glucocorticoid (GC) cortisol commonly reported. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation may be a consequence of impaired feedback inhibition due to GC receptor (GR) impairments or dysfunction, termed “glucocorticoid resistance.” Here, our objective was to assess mRNA levels of GC-related markers (GR, FKBP5, serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 [SGK1]) in patients with depression versus controls and in patient samples after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also examined the relationship between these GC-related markers and 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D24) scores to assess the utility of using them as biological markers for depression or the therapeutic response to ECT.

Methods

GR, FKBP5, and SGK1 mRNA levels were examined in whole blood samples from 88 medicated patients with depression pre-/post-ECT and 63 controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Exploratory subgroup correlational analyses were performed to determine the relationship between GR, FKBP5, and SGK1 and 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.

Results

GR, FKBP5, and SGK1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in medicated patients with depression compared with controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.03, P < 0.001, respectively), but ECT did not alter their levels (all P > 0.05). There was no relationship between GR, FKBP5, or SGK1 and 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.

Conclusions

GR, FKBP5, and SGK1 do not seem to be involved in the peripheral molecular response to ECT and do not represent useful biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic response to ECT in a real-world clinical setting.
White Matter Alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kelleher-Unger Isaac , Chittano Gabriella , Tajchman Zuzanna , Vilares Iris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BorPD) is characterized by instability and impulsivity of mood, relationships and self-image. This disease is an important area of public health policy; compared to other psychiatric disorders, individuals with BorPD experience the most severe functional impairments. Nevertheless, for the patients that do recover, this recovery is stable and only few relapse back to psychopathology. Given its high rate of remission, the rewards of effective treatment options are clear. Identification of underlying anatomical and physiological changes is crucial to refine current treatments and develop new ones. In this perspective, previous magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted alterations associated with BorPD phenotype. In particular, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has identified many white matter structural alterations in individuals with this diagnosis. Although in its infancy, limiting this line of investigation is a lack of direction at the field level. Hence, the present paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis of DWI findings in individuals with a diagnosis of BorPD, testing the hypothesis that there are specific white matter alterations associated with BorPD. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature of DWI in BorPD representing a total of 123 individuals with BorPD and 117 Controls. Our results indicated that individuals with BorPD show regions of reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and fornix. These results survived all jack-knife reshuffles and showed no publication bias. This suggest that alterations in these structures may contribute to psychopathology. Further, the present results lend support to extant psychological and biological models of BorPD.
Urinary incontinence among pregnant women in Southern Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hsu Yuan T. , Cesar Juraci A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent pathology that causes significant harm to the well-being and quality of life of pregnant women. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of UI during pregnancy in women living in the municipality of Rio Grande (RS), Southern Brazil, in 2016.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional population-based study that included all puerperae living in this municipality who had a child in one of the two local maternity hospitals between January 1 and December 31, 2016. The interviews were held at the hospital within 48 hours after delivery, when previously trained interviewers used a single, standardized questionnaire, seeking information on maternal demographic, behavioral and reproductive/obstetric history, as well as socioeconomic status of the household and care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The multivariate analysis followed a previously defined hierarchical model, using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment and prevalence ratio (PR) as measure of effect.ResultsAmong the 2,716 puerperae identified, 2,694 (99.2%) participated in this study. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in the gestational period was 14.7% (95%CI: 13.4%-16.1%). The lowest observed UI rate (8.3%) occurred among adolescent mothers (<20 years), while the highest occurred among those who reported frequent urinary urgency (39.2%). The probability of occurrence of UI, even after adjustment, was significantly higher among those who were older than 30 years old at current pregnancy, whose first pregnancy was before the age of 20 or after 30, who reached the end of gestation weighing 90 kg or more, who exercised regularly during pregnancy and who reported frequent urinary urgency during the gestational period.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence showed a high prevalence in the study population. The identified risk factors can be well administered at primary health care level. The recommendation of regular physical exercise in pregnancy must be reviewed and better investigated with more robust designs because of possible facilitators for the occurrence of UI in this period.