bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiresidue Analysis of Multiclass Plant Growth Regulators in Grapes by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Oulkar Dasharath P , Banerjee Kaushik , Ghaste Manoj S , Ramteke Sahadeo D , Naik Dattatraya G , Patil Shubhangi B , Jadhav Manjusha R , Adsule Pandurang G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A selective and rapid multiresidue analysis method is presented for simultaneous estimation of 12 plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely, auxins (indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, and naphthyl acetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzyladenine), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid, and synthetic compounds, namely, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, isoprothiolane, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in bud sprouts and grape berries at the development stages of 2–3 and 6–8 mm diameters, which are the critical phases when exogenous application of PGRs may be necessary to achieve desired grape quality and yield. The sample preparation method involved extraction of plant material with acidified methanol (50%) by homogenization for 2 min at 15 000 rpm. The pH of the extract was enhanced up to 6 by adding ammonium acetate, followed by homogenization and centrifugation. The supernatant extract was cleaned by SPE on an Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg, 6 cc). The final extract was measured directly by LC/MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive mode, except for 2,4-D, GA3, and abscisic acid extracts, which required analysis in negative mode. Quantification by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was supported with full-scan mass spectrometric confirmation using “information-dependent acquisition” triggered with MRM to “enhanced product ionization” mode of the hybrid quadrupole-ion trap mass analyzer. The LOQ of the test analytes varied between 1 and 10 ng/g with associated recoveries of 80–120% and precision RSD &lt;25% (n = 8). Significant matrix-induced signal suppression was recorded when the responses for pre- and postextraction spikes of analytes were compared; this could be resolved by using matrix-matched calibration standards. The method could successfully be applied in analyzing incurred residue samples and would, therefore, be useful in precisely deciding the necessity and dose of exogenous applications of PGRs on the basis of measured endogenous levels.
Procedures for Antibiotic Residues in Bovine Muscle Tissues
Authors: Blasco Cristina , Masia Ana , Morillas Francisco Gabriel , Picó Yolanda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Acetonitrile extraction followed by primary-secondary amine dispersive SPE cleanup QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), was compared to pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using water at 70°C for 10 min at 1500 psi for the determination of 16 veterinary drugs in bovine muscle tissues by LC/MS/MS. PLE was significantly more effective for the extraction of veterinary drugs (ranging from 69 to 103% with RSD ≤ 18%) than QuEChERS (ranging from 19 to 89% with RSD ≤ 19%). Linearity of the calibration curves was obtained over the range considered (from 10 μg/kg or LOQ to 1000, μg/kg) with r2 ≥ 0.99 for all the analytes by both methods. Although an internal standard was used, matrix effects were corrected using matrix- matched standards. LODs were from 5 to 30 μg/kg for PLE and from 10 to 100 μg/kg for QuEChERS. To establish and assess the most efficient conditions for each extraction method, statistical parametric and nonparametric tests were used. PLE with water almost eliminates the use or generation of hazardous wastes. The two methods were applied successfully in a routine analysis during surveys in 2008.
Development and Validation of a Method for the Quantification of Milk Proteins in Food Products Based on Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Lutter Petra , Parisod Véronique , Weymuth Hans 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The protection of allergic consumers is crucial to the food industry. Therefore, accurate methods for the detection of food allergens are required. Targeted detection of selected molecules by MS combines high selectivity with accurate quantifcation. A confrmatory method based on LC/selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS/MS was established and validated for the quantifcation of milk traces in food. Tryptic peptides of the major milk proteins β-lactoglobulin, β-casein, αS2-casein, and κ-casein were selected as quantitative markers. Precise quantifcation was achieved using internal standard peptides containing isotopically labeled amino acids. For each peptide, qualifer and quantifer fragments were selected according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. A simple sample preparation method was established without immunoaffnity or SPE enrichment steps for food matrixes containing different amounts of protein, such as baby food, breakfast cereals, infant formula, and cereals. Intermediate reproducibility, repeatability, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty were determined for each matrix. LOD values of 0.2–0.5 mg/kg, e.g., for β-lactoglobulin, were comparable to those obtained with ELISA kits. An LOQ of approximately 5 mg/kg, expressed as mass fraction skim milk powder, was validated in protein-rich infant cereals. The obtained validation data show that the described LC/SRM-MS/MS approach can serve as a confrmatory method for the determination of milk traces in selected food matrixes.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Arbidol in Human Plasma
Authors: Xiong Xin , Zhai Suodi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An HPLC/MS/MS method for the determination of arbidol in human plasma was developed. Arbidol and internal standard (loratadine) were extracted from alkaline plasma with tert-butyl methyl ether and analyzed on a Zorbax SB C18 column (30 × 2.1 mm id, 3.5 µm particle size). The detection was by monitoring arbidol at m/z 479.1 → 434.1 and the internal standard at m/z 383.2 → 337.2. The method was validated according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.5–500 ng/mL using a 100 µL sample volume. The intraday and interday precisions were less than 6.5%, and acceptable values were obtained for accuracy, recovery, and sensitivity. The developed method was selective, simple, sensitive, and easily applicable.
RapidChek SELECTTMSalmonella Enteritidis Test System for the Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Poultry House Drag Swabs, Shell Egg Pools, and Chicken Carcass Rinsates
Authors: Muldoon Mark T , Gonzalez Verapaz , Sutzko Meredith I , Allen Ann-Christine Olsson , Creamer Samantha , Onisk Dale V , Lindpaintner Klaus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The RapidChek SELECTTMSalmonella Enteritidis Test System was validated for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in poultry house drag swabs, shell egg pools, and chicken carcass rinsates. The method utilizes RapidChek SELECTTMSalmonella (AOAC PTM License No. 080601) proprietary primary and secondary enrichment media. Following enrichment, an immunochromatographic test strip is inserted into the tube containing the secondary enrichment broth, developed for 10 min, and interpreted. Salmonella Enteritidis-inoculated samples (1–5 CFU SE/analytical unit) were tested by the test method as well as the appropriate cultural reference method U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Bacteriological Analytical Manual (drag swabs and egg pools) or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (chicken carcass rinsates). A total of 80 samples were tested by both methods in the study. Fifty-two samples were positive by the RapidChek SELECT Salmonella Enteritidis method and 38 were found positive by the respective reference method. The sensitivity of the method was 100% and the specificity was 100%. The accuracy of the test method was 137%, indicating that the method was more sensitive than the reference method. The RapidChek SELECT Salmonella Enteritidis method was tested with 82 Salmonella Group D1 strains including 63 Salmonella Enteritidis strains as well as 32 non-Salmonella Group D1 strains representing 10 bacteria genera. The test method detected all 82 Group D1 strains (100% sensitivity). None of the non-Salmonella Group D1 or other genera of bacteria were detected, indicating a specificity of 100%. The method was shown to be highly robust and stable under control and accelerated stability conditions.
Comparison of Two Methods for Determination of Tomato Paste Solids: Vacuum Oven versus Microwave Oven
Authors: Jazaeri Sahar , Kakuda Yukio , Gismondi Stephen , Wigle Doug G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two analytical procedures used to determine total, soluble, and insoluble solids in tomato paste were evaluated. The microwave oven (MO) method was compared to the vacuum oven (VO) method. The VO method is tedious and measured the three solids fractions in the paste directly, while the MO method measured the total solids directly but used an equation to calculate the water-soluble and-insoluble solids. The MO method was faster and less labor-intensive, and yielded small but statistically signifcant higher values for total and insoluble solids and lower statistically signifcant values for soluble solids.
Validation of a Carnation-Specific Gene, ANS, Used as an Endogenous Reference Gene in Qualitative and Real-Time Quantitative PCR for Carnations
Authors: Zhu Hong , Jiang Lingxi , Tao Shiru , Lin Heyan , Wang Jinbin , Tan Furong , Zhao Kai , Wu Xiao , Li Peng , Pan Aihu , Jia Junwei , Tang Xueming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The validation of the anthocyanin synthase (ANS) gene as a carnation endogenous reference gene applicable both in classical and real-time PCR methods is a prerequisite for the development of PCR assays for genetically modifed (GM) carnation detection. This is important due to the fact that GM carnation lines, developed by Florigene Pty Ltd, have been approved for commercialization. In this study, both methods were tested on 14 different carnation cultivars, and identical amplifcation products were obtained with all of them. No amplifcation products were observed with samples from 14 other plant species, which demonstrated that the system was specifc to carnation. The results of Southern blot analysis confrmed that the ANS gene had a low copy number in the 10 tested carnation varieties. In qualitative and real-time PCR assays, the LOD values of 0.05 and 0.005 ng carnation DNA, respectively, were validated. Moreover, the real-time PCR system was validated with high PCR effciency and linearity. Thus, the ANS gene had species specifcity, low heterogeneity, and low copy number among the tested cultivars. These results provide evidence that the gene can be used as an endogenous reference gene of carnation, as well as in qualitative and quantitative PCR systems.
Determination of Ginsenoside Content in Asian and North American Ginseng Raw Materials and Finished Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Brown Paula N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for the quantification of Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) raw materials and finished products by RP-HPLC. The extraction with aqueous methanol was optimized for whole root, powdered extract, and finished product (raw, tablet, and capsule matrixes) test articles. Root materials were treated with base to hydrolyze acidic malonyl ginsenosides to their neutral counterparts. Calibration curves for each ginsenoside were linear over the following ranges (μg/g): 5–394 for Rg1, 15–1188 for Re, 39–2981 for Rb1, 6–499 for Rc, 5–406 for Rb2, and 7–600 for Rd, all having a coefficient of determination (r2) of ≥99.5%. The LOD for Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd was determined to be 1.06, 1.25, 2.19, 1.24, 1.27, and 1.70 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative determinations performed with eight test materials by two analysts over 3 days (n = 12) resulted in RSDr values that ranged from 1.11 to 7.61%.
Subnanogram Determination of Aniracetam in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biofluids by Flow Injection Analysis with Chemiluminescence Detection Based on Its Enhancement of the Myoglobin-Luminol Reaction
Authors: Xiaodong Shao , Ying Li , Fagen Li , Yangqin Liu , Zhenghua Song 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel flow injection chemiluminescence method with a myoglobin-luminol system is described for determining aniracetam. Myoglobin-bound aniracetam produced a complex that catalyzed the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and myoglobin, leading to fast chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence intensity in the presence of aniracetam was remarkably enhanced compared with that in the absence of aniracetam. Under the optimum reaction conditions the chemiluminescence increment produced was proportional to the concentration of aniracetam in the range of 0.1–1000.0 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9992), with a detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL (3δ). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, the whole process, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 0.5 min, offering a sampling efficiency of 120/h; the RSD was less than 3.0% (n = 5). The method was satisfactory for determination of aniracetam in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine and serum samples. A possible mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.
Reveal®Salmonella 2.0 Test for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Foods and Environmental Samples
Authors: Hoerner Rebecca , Feldpausch Jill , Gray R Lucas , Curry Stephanie , Islam Zahidul , Goldy Tim , Klein Frank , Tadese Theodros , Rice Jennifer , Mozola Mark 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Reveal Salmonella 2.0 is an improved version of the original Reveal Salmonella lateral flow immunoassay and is applicable to the detection of Salmonella enterica serogroups A–E in a variety of food and environmental samples. A Performance Tested MethodSM validation study was conducted to compare performance of the Reveal 2.0 method with that of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service or U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference culture methods for detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcass rinse, raw ground turkey, raw ground beef, hot dogs, raw shrimp, a ready-to-eat meal product, dry pet food, ice cream, spinach, cantaloupe, peanut butter, stainless steel surface, and sprout irrigation water. In a total of 17 trials performed internally and four trials performed in an independent laboratory, there were no statistically significant differences in performance of the Reveal 2.0 and reference culture procedures as determined by Chi-square analysis, with the exception of one trial with stainless steel surface and one trial with sprout irrigation water where there were significantly more positive results by the Reveal 2.0 method. Considering all data generated in testing food samples using enrichment procedures specifically designed for the Reveal method, overall sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to the reference culture methods was 99%. In testing environmental samples, sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to the reference culture method was 164%. For select foods, use of the Reveal test in conjunction with reference method enrichment resulted in overall sensitivity of 92%. There were no unconfirmed positive results on uninoculated control samples in any trials for specificity of 100%. In inclusivity testing, 102 different Salmonella serovars belonging to serogroups A–E were tested and 99 were consistently positive in the Reveal test. In exclusivity testing of 33 strains of non-salmonellae representing 14 genera, 32 were negative when tested with Reveal following nonselective enrichment, and the remaining strain was found to be substantially inhibited by the enrichment media used with the Reveal method. Results of ruggedness testing showed that the Reveal test produces accurate results even with substantial deviation in sample volume or device development time.
Interlaboratory Study of DNA Extraction from Multiple Ground Samples, Multiplex Real-Time PCR, and Multiplex Qualitative PCR for Individual Kernel Detection System of Genetically Modified Maize
Authors: Akiyama Hiroshi , Sakata Kozue , Makiyma Daiki , Nakamura Kosuke , Teshima Reiko , Nakashima Akie , Ogawa Asako , Yamagishi Toru , Futo Satoshi , Oguchi Taichi , Mano Junichi , Kitta Kazumi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In many countries, the labeling of grains, feed, and foodstuff is mandatory if the genetically modified (GM) organism content exceeds a certain level of approved GM varieties. We previously developed an individual kernel detection system consisting of grinding individual kernels, DNA extraction from the individually ground kernels, GM detection using multiplex real-time PCR, and GM event detection using multiplex qualitative PCR to analyze the precise commingling level and varieties of GM maize in real sample grains. We performed the interlaboratory study of the DNA extraction with multiple ground samples, multiplex real-time PCR detection, and multiplex qualitative PCR detection to evaluate its applicability, practicality, and ruggedness for the individual kernel detection system of GM maize. DNA extraction with multiple ground samples, multiplex real-time PCR, and multiplex qualitative PCR were evaluated by five laboratories in Japan, and all results from these laboratories were consistent with the expected results in terms of the commingling level and event analysis. Thus, the DNA extraction with multiple ground samples, multiplex real-time PCR, and multiplex qualitative PCR for the individual kernel detection system is applicable and practicable in a laboratory to regulate the commingling level of GM maize grain for GM samples, including stacked GM maize.
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Manufacturing Intermediates and Subsidiary Colors in D&C Red No. 34 and Its Lakes
Authors: Harp Bhakti Petigara , Belai Nebebech , Barrows Julie N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed to determine the manufacturing intermediates and subsidiary colors in the monosulfo monoazo color additive D&C Red No. 34 and its lakes. This method is currently used for batch certification of the color additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring drugs and cosmetics. The new UPLC method has replaced an HPLC method for determining the intermediates and a TLC method for determining the subsidiary colors. The intermediates are 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Tobias acid) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid). Subsidiary colors are positional isomers of the major dye component or related compounds containing lower numbers of substituent groups. The analytes are identified by comparison of their UPLC retention times and UV or visible absorption spectra with those of standards. Validation studies showed that peak area calibrations for the analytes were generally linear (R &gt;0.999), and recoveries were 98–103%. The LODs were 0.002–0.02%, and the RSDs at the specification levels were 0.7–2.2%. Survey analyses of 12 samples of certified D&C Red No. 34 straight colors and lakes from six domestic and foreign manufacturers yielded results for the intermediates by UPLC and HPLC that were consistent within experimental error. The UPLC analyses yielded results for the subsidiary colors that were consistently lower than results previously obtained by TLC, which we attribute to limitations of the TLC method. The new UPLC method provides sharper peaks, better peak separation, and faster analysis times than the formerly used HPLC method and is more accurate, much faster, and much less labor-intensive than the formerly used TLC method.
Intraspecific Genetic Variation Underlying Postmating Reproductive Barriers between Species in the Wild Tomato Clade (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon)
Authors: Jewell Cathleen P , Zhang Simo V , Gibson Matthew J S , Tovar-Méndez Alejandro , McClure Bruce , Moyle Leonie C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA goal of speciation genetics is to understand how the genetic components underlying interspecific reproductive barriers originate within species. Unilateral incompatibility (UI) is a postmating prezygotic barrier in which pollen rejection in the female reproductive tract (style) occurs in only one direction of an interspecific cross. Natural variation in the strength of UI has been observed among populations within species in the wild tomato clade. In some cases, molecular loci underlying self-incompatibility (SI) are associated with this variation in UI, but the mechanistic connection between these intra- and inter-specific pollen rejection behaviors is poorly understood in most instances. We generated an F2 population between SI and SC genotypes of a single species, Solanum pennellii, to examine the genetic basis of intraspecific variation in UI against other species, and to determine whether loci underlying SI are genetically associated with this variation. We found that F2 individuals vary in the rate at which UI rejection occurs. One large effect QTL detected for this trait co-localized with the SI-determining S-locus. Moreover, individuals that expressed S-RNase—the S-locus protein involved in SI pollen rejection—in their styles had much more rapid UI responses compared with those without S-RNase protein. Our analysis shows that intraspecific variation at mate choice loci—in this case at loci that prevent self-fertilization—can contribute to variation in the expression of interspecific isolation, including postmating prezygotic barriers. Understanding the nature of such intraspecific variation can provide insight into the accumulation of these barriers between diverging lineages.
Multiple concurrent complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with MiniMizer gastric ring—alimentary limb intussusception through slipped ring into pouch, with remnant stomach internal herniation†
Authors: Huang Yao C , Mitchell David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the second most common bariatric procedure performed in Australia, second to sleeve gastrectomy. Banding of pouches and anastomoses, via silastic bands or MiniMizer rings, have been used to assist in improving restriction. Though banded gastric bypasses are effective in weight loss, band migration, whether it be slippage or erosion, occurs in up to 7% of banded bariatric procedures. Jejunal intussusception and internal herniation are both individually known complications of RYGB. It is, however, rare to have all three phenomenon occur in a single patient. In this study, the authors present a report of a middle-aged lady, 2 years post-primary RYGB with MiniMizer gastric ring insertion presenting with all three complications.