bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging characteristics of Intrasellar cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Pan Xinfa , Shen Jie , Ma Yuehui , Lou Haiyan , Weng Yuxiang , Zhan Renya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRationale:Intrasellar cavernous hemangiomas (ICHs) are rare vascular lesions that arise in the sellar region. ICHs are usually misdiagnosed and treated as pituitary adenomas. Therefore, a preoperative diagnosis is particularly important, especially when the goal is complete resection.Patient concerns:A 55-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of intermittent dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-demarcated abnormal ellipsoid signal in the sellar region (size: 2.7 cm × 1.7 cm), with a mulberry-like enhancement after gadolinium injection. Computed tomography revealed an intrasellar mass without calcification that extended into the left cavernous sinus and was faintly contrast-enhanced. Angiography revealed a tumor with mildly delayed staining fed by the C5 segment of the right internal carotid artery.Diagnosis:An intrasellar cavernous hemangioma based on neuroradiological examinations.Interventions:The patient underwent surgery with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to debulk the lesion and obtain tissue for the pathological diagnosis.Outcomes:Blood spurting was observed after puncture, and the capsule was stained blue. Lesion removal was stopped, and the patient underwent gamma knife surgery 1 week later. She remained in good condition during the follow-up.Lessons:Sponge-like or mulberry-like lesions can be identified on MRI after gadolinium injection and can facilitate a preoperative diagnosis of ICH. Currently, surgical debulking with cranial nerve decompression during the acute stage and subsequent gamma knife radiosurgery are considered to be a safe and effective treatment.
History of Childhood Trauma and Association With Borderline and Dissociative Features
Authors: Tschoeke Stefan , Bichescu-Burian Dana , Steinert Tilman , Flammer Erich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Both borderline personality features and dissociative symptoms have been associated with different types of childhood trauma. The aim of this investigation was to analyze to what extent emotional, physical, and sexual child maltreatment predict borderline personality features and dissociative symptoms. For this purpose, we analyzed data from 86 consecutively admitted patients who completed the Borderline Symptom List, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the German version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale for differential diagnosis of a borderline personality disorder. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that borderline features were mainly predicted by emotional abuse, whereas pathological dissociation was best predicted by sexual and physical abuse. This evidence supports the hypothesis that different kinds of maltreatment may lead to different psychopathological symptoms in adulthood and should be taken into account in the therapy.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Derived Tissue Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation in Critically Ill and Injured Patients
Authors: Tiba Mohamad H. , Awad Abdelrahman B. , Pennington Amanda , Fung Christopher M. , Napolitano Lena M. , Park Pauline K. , Machado-Aranda David A. , Gunnerson Kyle J. , Romfh Padraic , Ward Kevin R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
In this study, we examined the ability of resonance Raman spectroscopy to measure tissue hemoglobin oxygenation (R-StO2) noninvasively in critically ill patients and compared its performance with conventional central venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScvO2).

Methods:
Critically ill patients (n = 138) with an indwelling central venous or pulmonary artery catheter in place were consented and recruited. R-StO2 measurements were obtained by placing a sensor inside the mouth on the buccal mucosa. R-StO2 was measured continuously for 5 min. Blood samples were drawn from the distal port of the indwelling central venous catheter or proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter at the end of the test period to measure ScvO2 using standard co-oximetry analyzer. A regression algorithm was used to calculate the R-StO2 based on the observed spectra.

Results:
Mean (SD) of pooled R-StO2 and ScvO2 were 64(7.6) % and 65(9.2) % respectively. A paired t test showed no significant difference between R-StO2 and ScvO2 with a mean(SD) difference of −1(7.5) % (95% CI: −2.2, 0.3%) with a Clarke Error Grid demonstrating 84.8% of the data residing within the accurate and acceptable grids. Area under the receiver operator curve for R-StO2's was 0.8(0.029) (95% CI: 0.7, 0.9 P < 0.0001) at different thresholds of ScvO2 (≤60%, ≤65%, and ≤70%). Clinical adjudication by five clinicians to assess the utility of R-StO2 and ScvO2 yielded Fleiss’ Kappa agreement of 0.45 (P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:
R-StO2 has the potential to predict ScvO2 with high precision and might serve as a faster, safer, and noninvasive surrogate to these measures.
Paediatric bacterial meningitis in the USA: outcomes and healthcare resource utilization of nosocomial versus community-acquired infection
Authors: Adil Syed M. , Hodges Sarah E. , Charalambous Lefko T. , Kiyani Musa , Liu Beiyu , Lee Hui-Jie , Parente Beth A. , Perfect John R. , Lad Shivanand P. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Paediatric bacterial meningitis remains a costly disease, both financially and clinically.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Previous epidemiological and cost studies of bacterial meningitis (BM) have largely focused on adult populations or single pathogens. There have been few recent, large-scale studies of pediatric BM in the USA.

Aim. We examined healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated morbidity and mortality of community-acquired versus nosocomial bacterial infections in children across the USA.

Methodology. The IBM MarketScan Research databases were used to identify patients <18 years old admitted to USA hospitals from 2008 to 2015 with a primary diagnosis of BM. Cases were categorized as either community-acquired or nosocomial. HCRU, post-diagnosis neurosurgical procedures, 30-day in-hospital mortality, and complications were compared between groups. Multivariable regression adjusted for sex, age and Gram staining was used to compare costs of nosocomial versus community-acquired infections over time.

Results. We identified 1928 cases of paediatric BM without prior head trauma or neurological/systemic complications. Of these, 15.4 % were nosocomial and 84.6 % were community-acquired infections. After diagnostic lumbar puncture (37.1 %), the most common neurosurgical procedure was placement of ventricular catheter (12.6 %). The 30-day complication rates for nosocomial and community-acquired infections were 40.5 and 45.9 %, respectively. The most common complications were hydrocephalus (20.8 %), intracranial abscess (8.8 %) and cerebral oedema (8.1 %). The 30-day in-hospital mortality rates for nosocomial and community-acquired infections were 2.7 and 2.8 %, respectively.
Median length of admission was 14.0 days (Q1: 7 days, Q3: 26 days). Median 90-day cost was $40 861 (Q1: $11 988, Q3: $114,499) for the nosocomial group and $56 569 (Q1: $26 127, Q3: $142 780) for the community-acquired group. In multivariable regression, the 90-day post-diagnosis total costs were comparable between groups (cost ratio: 0.89; 95 % CI: 0.70 to 1.13), but at 2 years post-diagnosis, the nosocomial group was associated with 137 % higher costs (CR: 2.37, 95 % CI: 1.51 to 3.70).

Conclusion. In multivariable analysis, nosocomial infections were associated with significantly higher long-term costs up to 2 years post-infection. Hydrocephalus, intracranial epidural abscess and cerebral oedema were the most common complications, and lumbar punctures and ventricular catheter placement were the most common neurosurgical procedures. This study represents the first nation-wide, longitudinal comparison of the outcomes and considerable HCRU of nosocomial versus community-acquired paediatric BM, including characterization of complications and procedures contributing to the high costs of these infections.
Comprehensive genome analyses of Sellimonas intestinalis, a potential biomarker of homeostasis gut recovery
Authors: Muñoz Marina , Guerrero-Araya Enzo , Cortés-Tapia Catalina , Plaza-Garrido Angela , Lawley Trevor D. , Paredes-Sabja Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Sellimonas intestinalis

is a Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterial species previously considered as uncultivable. Although little is known about this

Lachnospiraceae

family member, its increased abundance has been reported in patients who have recovered from intestinal homeostasis after dysbiosis events. In this context, the aim of the present study was to take advantage of a massive in vitro culture protocol that allowed the recovery of extremely oxygen-sensitive species from faecal samples, which led to isolation of

S. intestinalis

. Whole genome analyses of 11

S

.

intestinalis

genomes revealed that this species has a highly conserved genome with 99.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide polymorphism results >95, and 50.1 % of its coding potential being part of the core genome. Despite this, the variable portion of its genome was informative enough to reveal the existence of three lineages (lineage-I including isolates from Chile and France, lineage-II from South Korea and Finland, and lineage-III from China and one isolate from the USA) and evidence of some recombination signals. The identification of a cluster of orthologous groups revealed a high number of genes involved in metabolism, including amino acid and carbohydrate transport as well as energy production and conversion, which matches with the metabolic profile previously reported for microbiota from healthy individuals. Additionally, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes were found (mainly in lineage-III), which could favour their survival during antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. These findings provide the basis of knowledge about the potential of

S. intestinalis

as a bioindicator of intestinal homeostasis recovery and contribute to advancing the characterization of gut microbiota members with beneficial potential.
Central and peripheral nervous system complications of COVID-19: A prospective tertiary center cohort with 3-month follow-up
Authors: Nersesjan Vardan , Amiri Moshgan , Lebech Anne-Mette , Roed Casper , Mens Helene , Russel Lene , Fonsmark Lise , Berntsen Marianne , Sigurdsson Sigurdur Thor , Carlsen Jonathan , Langkilde Annika , Martens Pernille , Løbner Lund Eva , Hansen Klaus , Jespersen Bo , Folke Marie Norsker , Meden Per , Hejl Anne-Mette , Wamberg Christian , Benros Michael E. , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically describe CNS and PNS complications in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, consecutive, observational study of adult patients from a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19. All patients were screened daily for neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms during admission, at discharge and at 3-month follow-up. We classified complications as caused by SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism, immune-mediated or critical illness-related.ResultsFrom April-September 2020, we enrolled 61 consecutively admitted COVID-19 patients, 35 (57%) of whom were referred to ICU for respiratory failure. Evaluation revealed a higher frequency of CNS/PNS symptoms in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. The most common CNS complication was encephalopathy (n=22, 36.1%), which was severe in 13 patients (GCS≤12), including 8 with akinetic mutism. Length of ICU admission was an independent predictor of encephalopathy (OR=1.23). Other CNS complications included ischemic stroke, a biopsy-proven acute necrotizing encephalitis, and transverse myelitis. The most common PNS complication was critical illness polyneuromyopathy (13.1%), with prolonged ICU stay as independent predictor (OR=1.14). Treatment-related PNS complications included meralgia paresthetica. Of 41 complications in total, 3 were classified as para/post-infectious. The remainder included cases secondary to critical illness or other causes (n=34) or without sufficient investigations (n=4). Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in all 5 patients investigated.ConclusionsCNS/PNS complications were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in ICU patients, and often attributable to critical illness. In cases with COVID-19 as the primary cause for neurological disease, there were no signs of viral neurotropism, but laboratory changes suggested autoimmune-mediated mechanisms.
A Predictive Internet-Based Model for COVID-19 Hospitalization Census
Authors: Turk Philip , Tran Thao , Rose Geoff , McWilliams Andy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has strained hospital resources and necessitated the need for predictive models to forecast patient care demands in order to allow for adequate staffing and resource allocation. Recently, other studies have looked at associations between Google Trends data and the number of COVID-19 cases. Expanding on this approach, we propose a vector error correction model (VECM) for the number of COVID-19 patients in a healthcare system (Census) that incorporates Google search term activity and healthcare chatbot scores. The VECM provided a good fit to Census and very good forecasting performance as assessed by hypothesis tests and mean absolute percentage prediction error. Although our study and model have limitations, we have conducted a broad and insightful search for candidate Internet variables and employed rigorous statistical methods. We have demonstrated the VECM can potentially be a valuable component to a COVID-19 surveillance program in a healthcare system.
LoopDetect: Comprehensive feedback loop detection in ordinary differential equation models
Authors: Baum Katharina , Wolf Jana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSummaryThe dynamics of ordinary differential equation (ODE) models strongly depend on the model structure, in particular the existence of positive and negative feedback loops. LoopDetect offers user-friendly detection of all feedback loops in ODE models in three programming languages frequently used to solve and analyze them: MATLAB, Python, and R. The developed toolset accounts for user-defined model parametrizations and states of the modelled variables and supports feedback loop detection over ranges of values. It generates output in an easily adaptable format for further investigation.Availability and ImplementationLoopDetect is implemented in R, Python 3 and MATLAB. It is freely available athttps://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/LoopDetectR/,https://pypi.org/project/loopdetect/,https://de.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/81928-loopdetect/(GPLv3 or BSD license).Contactkatharina.baum@hpi.de
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on hospital admissions for alcohol-related liver disease and pancreatitis in Japan: a time-series analysis
Authors: Itoshima Hisashi , Shin Jung-ho , Takada Daisuke , Morishita Tetsuji , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been health concerns related to alcohol use and misuse. Therefore, the World Health Organization cautioned that alcohol consumption during the pandemic might have a negative impact. The aim of this study was to examine the population-level change in cases of alcohol-related liver disease and pancreatitis that required admission during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsWe included patients aged 18 years or older who were hospitalized between July 2018 and June 2020 using Diagnostic Procedure Combination data, an administrative database in Japan, and counted the admission cases whose primary diagnosis was alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis. We defined the period from April 2020, when the Japanese government declared a state of emergency, as the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. The rate ratio (RR) of admissions with alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis per 1,000 admissions was tested using interrupted time series analysis. In addition, excess admissions for alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis were calculated.ResultsOverall admissions were 3,026,389 cases, and a total of 10,242 admissions for alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis occurred from 257 hospitals. The rate of admissions per 1,000 admissions during the COVID-19 outbreak period (April 2020 to June 2020) had a 1.2 times increase compared with the pre-outbreak period (July 2018 to March 2020) for cases of alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis (RR: 1.22, 95%Confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 1.33). The COVID-19 pandemic caused about 214.75 (95%CI: 178.78 to 249.72) excess admissions for alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis based on predictions from our model.ConclusionThe COVID-19 outbreak might have resulted in increased hospital admissions for alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis.
Removing weekly administrative noise in the daily count of COVID-19 new cases. Application to the computation of Rt
Authors: Alvarez Luis , Colom Miguel , Morel Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe way each country counts and reports the incident cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections is strongly affected by the “weekend effect”. During the weekend, fewer tests are carried out and there is a delay in the registration of cases. This introduces an “administrative noise” that can strongly disturb the calculation of trend estimators such as the effective reproduction numberR(t). In this work we propose a procedure to correct the incidence curve and obtain a better fit between the number of infected and the one expected using the renewal equation. The classic way to deal with the administrative noise is to invoke its weekly period and therefore to filter the incidence curve by a seven days sliding mean. Yet this has three drawbacks: the first one is a loss of resolution. The second one is that a 7-day mean filter hinders the estimate of the effective reproduction numberR(t) in the last three days before present. The third drawback of a mean filter is that it implicitly assumes the administrative noise to be additive and time invariant. The present study supports the idea that the administrative is better dealt with as being both periodic and multiplicative. The simple method that derives from these assumptions amount to multiplying the number of infected by a correcting factor which depends on the day of the week. This correcting factor is estimated from the incidence curve itself. The validity of the method is demonstrated by its positive impact on the accuracy of an the estimates ofR(t). To exemplify the advantages of the multiplicative periodic correction, we apply it to Sweden, Germany, France and Spain. We observe that the estimated administrative noise is country dependent, and that the proposed strategy manages to reduce it noise considerably. An implementation of this technique is available atwww.ipol.im/ern, where it can be tested on the daily incidence curves of an extensive list of states and geographic areas provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
Globally Local: Hyper-local Modeling for Accurate Forecast of COVID-19
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vishrawas , Pethe Sayali , Kefayati Sarah , Srinivasan Raman , Hake Paul , Deshpande Ajay , Liu Xuan , Hoang Etter , Davila Marbelly , Bianco Simone , Kaufman James H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultiple efforts to model the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 have recently been launched in support of public health response at the national, state, and county levels. While the pandemic is global, the dynamics of this infectious disease varies with geography, local policies, and local variations in demographics. An underlying assumption of most infectious disease compartment modeling is that of a well mixed population at the resolution of the areas being modeled. The implicit need to model at fine spatial resolution is impeded by the quality of ground truth data for fine scale administrative subdivisions. To understand the trade-offs and benefits of such modeling as a function of scale, we compare the predictive performance of a SARS-CoV-2 modeling at the county, county cluster, and state level for the entire United States. Our results demonstrate that accurate prediction at the county level requires hyper-local modeling with county resolution. State level modeling does not accurately predict community spread in smaller sub-regions because state populations are not well mixed, resulting in large prediction errors. As an important use case, leveraging high resolution modeling with public health data and admissions data from Hillsborough County Florida, we performed weekly forecasts of both hospital admission and ICU bed demand for the county. The repeated forecasts between March and August 2020 were used to develop accurate resource allocation plans for Tampa General Hospital.2010 MSC92-D30, 91-C20
Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Izcovich Ariel , Siemieniuk Reed AC , Bartoszko Jessica J , Ge Long , Zeraatkar Dena , Kum Elena , Khamis Assem M. , Rochwerg Bram , Agoritsas Thomas , Chu Derek K , McLeod Shelley L , Mustafa Reem A , Vandvik Per O , Brignardello-Petersen Romina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn an attempt to improve outcomes for patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), several drugs, such as remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine (with or without azithromycin), and lopinavir/ritonavir, have been evaluated for treatment. While much attention focuses on potential benefits of these drugs, this must be weighed against their adverse effects.MethodsWe searched 32 databases in multiple languages from 1 December 2019 to 27 October 2020. We included randomized trials if they compared any of the drugs of interest to placebo or standard care, or against each other. A related world health organization (WHO) guideline panel selected the interventions to address and identified possible adverse effects that might be important to patients. Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We analyzed data using a fixed-effects pairwise meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.ResultsWe included 16 randomized trials which enrolled 8226 patients. Compared to standard care or placebo, low certainty evidence suggests that remdesivir may not have an important effect on acute kidney injury (risk difference [RD] 8 fewer per 1000, 95% confidence interval (CI): 27 fewer to 21 more) or cognitive dysfunction/delirium (RD 3 more per 1000, 95% CI: 12 fewer to 19 more). Low certainty evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine may increase the risk of serious cardiac toxicity (RD 10 more per 1000, 95% CI: 0 more to 30 more) and cognitive dysfunction/delirium (RD 33 more per 1000, 95% CI: 18 fewer to 84 more), whereas moderate certainty evidence suggests hydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea (RD 106 more per 1000, 95% CI: 48 more to 175 more) and nausea and/or vomiting (RD 62 more per 1000, 95% CI: 23 more to 110 more) compared to standard care or placebo. Low certainty evidence suggests lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea (RD 168 more per 1000, 95% CI: 58 more to 330 more) and nausea and/or vomiting (RD 160 more per 1000, 95% CI: 100 more to 210 more) compared to standard care or placebo.ConclusionHydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting and may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity and cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Remdesivir may have no effect on risk of acute kidney injury or cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting. These findings provide important information to support the development of evidence-based management strategies for patients with COVID-19.