bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple trouble: Understanding the burden of child undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight in East Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Blankenship Jessica L. , Rudert Christiane , Aguayo Victor M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYoung children in the East Asia and the Pacific region1are failing to thrive, in large numbers, as indicated by stagnation in the decline of stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies and the fastest growing rates of overweight in the world. Eliminating the triple burden of malnutrition is essential to ensure that, as a matter of right, all children reach their full physical growth and development potential and actively contribute to equitable prosperity and the sustainable development of their communities and nations. Ending all forms of malnutrition will only be achieved through the implementation of effective policies and programmes soundly based on an understanding of the leading contextual drivers of child malnutrition. To address the lack of data on these drivers in the region, the UNICEF regional office for East Asia and the Pacific commissioned a series of papers in 2017–2019 to fill gaps in the current body of evidence on the triple burden of maternal and child malnutrition. This series includes analyses of the determinants of child malnutrition including maternal nutrition status, dietary quality of children, inequity, and poverty. Additionally, policy and programmatic actions associated with improved coverage and quality of nutrition interventions are reviewed. This overview paper summarizes the findings of these analyses and presents recommendations for the direction of future advocacy, policy, and programmatic actions to address the triple burden of malnutrition in East Asia and the Pacific.
Culicoides biting midges and mosquito fauna at three dog and cat shelters in rural and periurban areas in Northern Spain
Authors: González M. A. , Goiri F. , Barandika J. F. , García‐Pérez A. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diversity and abundance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were studied in three animal protection centres (APCs) in Northern Spain between 1 July and 31 October 2018. Four miniature suction CDC light traps (two UV and two standard incandescent bulb traps, both types baited and non‐baited with CO2) were placed in each APC to compare their efficiency in the collection of these Diptera groups. A total of 1176 biting midges (14 species), 224 mosquitoes (8 species) and 1 black fly were collected and identified by both morphological and molecular approaches. The Culicoides obsoletus complex (C. obsoletus/C. scoticus) accounted for 58.2% of the total collection within the Ceratopogonidae family, whereas Culex pipiens/Cx. torrentium comprised 76.8% of the Culicidae. The input of CO2 in light traps proved largely ineffective in improving the collections of both Diptera groups. UV‐light traps were 7.8 and 2.2 times more effective than incandescent light traps in trapping Culicoides and mosquitoes, respectively. Seasonal dynamics differed between both Diptera taxa but captures of both taxa were significantly larger at the beginning of the summer. The epidemiological relevance of the most prevalent species is also discussed.
Relationship between sufficiency and usefulness of patient education: A cross‐sectional study of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Inkeroinen Saija , Virtanen Heli , Kilpi Taina , Laulaja Johanna , Puukka Pauli , Tuominen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this descriptive study was to analyze the relationship between the sufficiency and usefulness of patient education from the perspective of people with chronic kidney disease. The goal was to discover whether both sufficiency and usefulness need to be analyzed in the quality evaluation of patient education. Patients undergoing predialysis or home dialysis care in Finland (N = 162) evaluated both the sufficiency and usefulness of patient education provided by nephrology nurses by using parallel structured questionnaires. A strong relationship was found between the sufficiency and usefulness of patient education. The relationship was significant across all dimensions of empowering knowledge, but no systematic association was found between the sufficiency‐usefulness relationship and background variables. Depending on the purpose of evaluating patient education, either aspect, that is, sufficiency or usefulness, can be used, but it is not necessary to use both due to their strong inter‐correlation. In terms of implications for practice, consideration of both sufficiency and usefulness is important when providing empowering patient education for people undergoing pre‐ or home dialysis, but only one aspect needs to be evaluated.
A public health approach for prevention of periodontal disease
Authors: Janakiram Chandrashekar , Dye Bruce A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpwards of 1 in 10 adults worldwide may be affected by severe periodontitis, making the disease more prevalent than cardiovascular disease. Despite its global scope, its impact on pain, oral function, and the wellbeing of individuals, and the disproportionate burden of disease and the socioeconomic impact on communities, the perception that periodontal disease is a public health problem remains low. Although there have been substantial improvements in our understanding of the etiology of periodontal disease and how we can prevent and control it, these advances have been primarily focused on individual, patient‐focused approaches. The prevention of periodontal disease depends on improving currently available individual interventions and on determining what public health interventions can be effective and sustainable under real‐life conditions. Currently, public health approaches for periodontal disease prevention and control are lacking. This review traces the historical strategies for prevention of periodontal disease in an epidemiologic transition context, using a modified model developed for cardiovascular disease, and presents a possible public health approach. Improving periodontal disease prevention and control will need to take into consideration the core activities of a public health approach: assessment, policy development, and assurance.
Prevention and management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in the older adults
Authors: Al‐Nasser Lubna , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a result of aging populations, in the future, dental practitioners will be caring for more older adults than ever before. These older adults, especially in developed countries, will demand a greater number of dental services, driven by increased tooth retention and an expectation of excellent oral healthcare throughout the life course. Further, the global rise in the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases will increase the risk and/or severity of oral diseases and add a layer of complexity to the management of oral diseases in older adults. More older adults will be at a higher risk of periodontal disease and root caries as a result of reduced tooth loss and edentulism. This article reviews information on periodontitis and root caries, oral diseases which reflect the cumulative risk of the individual, and which are best addressed through prevention. Oral healthcare providers must embrace the concept of lifelong emphasis on prevention, as well as participation as active members of a healthcare team which provides healthcare for older adults in various settings (eg, hospital/clinic‐based care, community‐based settings, and long‐term care facilities). National guidelines that address oral health are being considered by some countries, and if these are implemented they will increase the accessibility to oral health for older adults. In parallel to this, revisions of existing older adult insurance schemes (eg, the inclusion of routine oral healthcare in the US Medicare program) would promote the maintenance of a functional dentition that is pain‐free and conducive to general health. The opportunity exists to implement a holistic approach to oral health that will align oral health with general health and emphasize that true health can only be achieved with the inclusion of oral health.
Depressive symptoms are associated with worse cognitive prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson disease
Authors: Park Jeong Hoon , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Yeshin , Park Sang‐Won , Byeon Gi Hwan , Jang Jae‐Won ,   the Parkinsons's Progression Marker Initiative
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAlthough depression is very common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), only a few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of initial depression on cognitive decline in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of depression on cognitive functions in patients with PD.MethodsWe used data from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) to investigate the relationship between depression and PD. Depressive symptoms were measured in patients with PD based on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) scores obtained at baseline. We evaluated cognitive decline as whether a patient with PD progressed to PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a 4‐year follow‐up period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was done to know whether depression can predict the conversion to MCI. In addition, a voxel‐based morphometric analysis using volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare structural changes related to future cognitive decline as well as to reveal longitudinal effect of baseline depression on cortical atrophy.ResultsData from 263 patients with cognitively normal de novo PD who were available for longitudinal cognitive testing were analysed. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the depressive symptoms were independent risk factors for conversion to MCI in patients with de novo PD after adjusting for covariates (hazards ratio (95% CI)) of depression defined by the GDS (1.753 (1.084–2.835)) and the NPI (1.815 (1.083–3.042)) scores, respectively. The significant structural changes in PD with MCI as well as longitudinal effect of baseline depression on subsequent cortical atrophy were found in multiple areas on the voxel‐based morphometric analysis (P < 0.001, family‐wise error rate corrected).ConclusionsOur study indicates that the presence of depressive symptoms in patients with early PD is associated with a higher risk of progression to MCI and early depression may reflect subsequent cortical atrophy.
The sedimentary record of Quaternary glacial to interglacial sea‐level change on a subtropical carbonate ramp: Southwest Shelf of Australia
Authors: Deik Hanaa , Reuning Lars , Courtillat Margot , Petrick Benjamin , Bassetti Maria‐Angela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, the understanding of temperate carbonate systems has improved considerably, but their development over glacial–interglacial timescales is still understudied in comparison to their tropical counterparts. A key question is how do temperate carbonate platforms respond to high‐amplitude, glacial–interglacial sea‐level changes? Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1460 was drilled at the uppermost slope of the Southwest Shelf of Australia at the transition between the subtropical Carnarvon Ramp and the warm–temperate Rottnest Shelf. The origin and composition of the sediments in the upper 25 m below seafloor at Site U1460 were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron, and light microscopy. The Middle Pleistocene to Holocene sequence at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1460 contains a record of sea‐level controlled sedimentary cycles. Carbonate sediments deposited during interglacial sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stages 1, 5, most of 7, 9 and 11) are mainly fine‐grained (<63 µm) and dominated by low‐Mg calcite from pelagic bioclasts such as planktic foraminifera. The glacial lowstand intervals (Marine Isotope Stages 2 to 4, 6, 8, 7d, 10 and 12), instead are coarser‐grained and relatively rich in aragonite and high‐Mg calcite from neritic bioclasts, such as bryozoans. These changes in texture, mineralogy and composition are best explained by the deposition of neritic bioclasts closer to the shelf edge during glacial sea‐level lowstands. During early transgression, reworking of bioclast‐rich coastal dune deposits likely leads to transport and redeposition of neritic clasts on the upper slope. In contrast, dominantly pelagic sediments characterize deposition at the platform edge during interglacial highstands. These results highlight regional differences in the response of temperate carbonate systems to sea‐level change: A previously published model developed for early Pleistocene temperate carbonates from the Great Australian Bight indicates that shelfal material was exported to the upper slope during sea‐level highstands. It is argued that this difference is related to the change in duration and amplitude of glacial–interglacial sea‐level cycles before and after the Mid‐Pleistocene transition.
Estimation of change‐point for a class of count time series models
Authors: Cui Yunwei , Wu Rongning , Zheng Qi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe apply a three‐step sequential procedure to estimate the change‐point of count time series. Under certain regularity conditions, the estimator of change‐point converges in distribution to the location of the maxima of a two‐sided random walk. We derive a closed‐form approximating distribution for the maxima of the two‐sided random walk based on the invariance principle for the strong mixing processes, so that the statistical inference for the true change‐point can be carried out. It is for the first time that such properties are provided for integer‐valued time series models. Moreover, we show that the proposed procedure is applicable for the integer‐valued autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (INARCH) models with Poisson or negative binomial conditional distribution. In simulation studies, the proposed procedure is shown to perform well in locating the change‐point of INARCH models. And, the procedure is further illustrated with empirical data of weekly robbery counts in two neighborhoods of Baltimore City.
High-Frequency Guided Waves for Corrosion Thickness Loss Monitoring
Authors: Chew Daniel , Masserey Bernard , Fromme Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions result in corrosion during the life cycle of marine structures such as pipelines, offshore oil platforms, and ships. Generalized corrosion leading to the loss of wall thickness can cause the degradation of the integrity, strength, and load bearing capacity of the structure. Nondestructive detection and monitoring of corrosion damage in difficult to access areas can be achieved using high-frequency guided waves propagating along the structure. Using standard ultrasonic wedge transducers with single-sided access to the structure, specific high-frequency guided wave modes (overlap of both fundamental Lamb wave modes) were generated that penetrate through the complete thickness of the structure. The wave propagation and interference of the guided wave modes depend on the thickness of the structure and were measured using a noncontact laser interferometer. Numerical simulations using a two-dimensional finite element model were performed to visualize and predict the guided wave propagation and energy transfer across the plate thickness. During laboratory experiments, the wall thickness was reduced uniformly by milling of one steel plate specimen. In a second step, wall thickness reduction was induced using accelerated corrosion for two mild steel plates. The corrosion damage was monitored based on the effect on the wave propagation and interference (beating effect) of the Lamb wave modes in the frequency domain. Good agreement of the measured beatlengths with theoretical predictions was achieved, and the sensitivity of the methodology was ascertained, showing that high-frequency guided waves have the potential for corrosion damage monitoring at critical and difficult to access locations.
A Novel Multi-Stage Impingement Cooling Scheme—Part II: Design Optimization
Authors: Liu Kexin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cross flow and coolant maldistribution are the common design challenges for impingement cooling in modern gas turbine. This paper reports a novel multi-stage impingement cooling scheme for combustor liner. The design concept and general working mechanism are introduced in the Part I paper. This Part II paper presents the design flexibilities and optimization strategies. Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis was conducted at a range of Reynolds numbers to assess the thermal performance, loss penalty, and the working mechanism behind. The results show that varying the jet hole diameter in each cooling stage can be an effective design optimization strategy in balancing the cooling requirement and loss penalty. Inter-stage bypass design is also another design flexibility offered by the multi-stage scheme to regulate the cooling air consumption at different stages. With these optimization strategies, the target surface temperature and local gradient can be effectively reduced with reasonable pressure loss with 50% reduction in the cooling air consumption compared to conventional single-stage impingement design. This multi-stage impingement concept can be practically applied to gas turbine combustor liner and turbine blade cooling.
The Organizational Structure, Roles, and Responsibilities of an Elite-Level Basketball Coaching Staff
Authors: McCullick Bryan A. , Dooley Ashton , Schempp Paul , Isaac Tiffany 
Published: August 2020

The Coaching Model theorized that coaching consists of three primary components: (a) training, (b) competition, and (c) organization. Unfortunately, researchers’ attention to the organization component has been scant compared with the keen focus given to training and competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organizational: (a) structure and (b) roles and responsibilities of an elite-level basketball coaching staff. The study employed a case study approach, utilizing interviews, observations, and artifacts as data sources. Data analysis identified the organizational structure as bureaucratic, or functional, in nature as (a) there was a clear chain of command, (b) roles and responsibilities were assigned based on staff member expertise, and (c) staff members had similar skill sets that allowed for easy communication and role overlap. Organizational roles were “Delegator,” “Recruiter,” and “Promoter.” Results provide insights into the manifestation of the organizational component among a staff, an exemplar of a staff managing the complexity of coaching, and support for the contention that coaching involves more than being the traditional teacher/psychologist.
“The Club Management Ignores Us”: Gender-Power Relations in Women’s Football in Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Pınar , Koca Canan 
Published: August 2020

This research aims to explore the gender–power relations and gendered experiences of the players in a women’s football team in Turkey. An ethnographic method and a feminist perspective were used to allow a deeper understanding of their experiences. Based on participant observation and interviews conducted with 14 players, three coaches, and one staff member, the data were analyzed via thematic analysis. The identified themes are (a) institutionalized gender discrimination and (b) compulsory femininity: being ladylike. The findings indicate that unequal gender relations in the club, influenced by institutionalized gender discrimination, determine the position of the women’s team within the club. Accordingly, compulsory femininity is continuously generated in the field. Consequently, the women’s football team remained at the periphery (and finally outside) of the men’s club.
Short, Rich, and Powerful: a New Family of Arginine-Rich Small Proteins Have Outsized Impact in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Alakavuklar Melene A. , Fuqua Clay 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Due to minute size and limited sequence complexity, small proteins can be challenging to identify but are emerging as important regulators of diverse processes in bacteria. In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Kraus and coworkers (A. Kraus, M. Weskamp, J. Zierles, M. Balzer, et al., J Bacteriol 202:e00309-20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00309-20) report a comprehensive analysis of a fascinating subfamily of arginine-rich small proteins in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, conserved among Alphaproteobacteria. Their findings reveal that these small proteins are under complex regulation and have a disproportionately large impact on metabolism and behavior.
Methanogen microfossils and methanogenesis in Permian lake deposits
Authors: Sun Funing , Hu Wenxuan , Wang Xiaolin , Cao Jian , Fu Bin , Wu Haiguang , Yang Shengchao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Methanogens are methane-producing archaea (some of the most primitive organisms on Earth), which possess great phylogenetic and ecological diversity in modern ecosystems. However, cellular fossil evidence of methanogens remains extremely scarce throughout the geological record. Here, we report a new population of spheroidal microstructures composed of dolomite observed in Permian lake deposits in northwestern China. The microspheres exhibit indicators of biological affinity and are well preserved in authigenic dolomite with cellular fidelity. Based on morphological and geochemical evidence, these microspheres are interpreted as fossilized cells of methanogenic archaea, which can be divided into three size-based taxa. These microfossils are the first fossil record of spheroidal methanogens. The microfossil-bearing dolomite exhibits extremely positive δ13C values (up to +20‰ relative to Vienna Peedee belemnite) that are attributed to microbial methanogenesis. The results suggest that methanogens were a significant component of this Permian lake biosphere. As a consequence of the metabolic activity of the methanogens, a large amount of biogenic methane was produced through methanogenesis in the anoxic lake sediments. This study not only fills a gap in the fossil record of methanogenic archaea, but it also provides new insights into methane emissions from ancient lakes.