bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive rehabilitation during the acute phase of schizophrenia
Authors: Nemoto Takahiro , Takeshi Kiyoaki , Niimura Hidehito , Tobe Miki , Ito Ryosuke , Kojima Akiko , Saito Hiroko , Funatogawa Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Taiju , Katagiri Naoyuki , Tsujino Naohisa , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimAlthough numerous studies have demonstrated promising results for the cognitive rehabilitation in subjects with schizophrenia, the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation for everyday and social functioning is not yet sufficient. Although consideration of the contents and methods are vital, the timing for implementing cognitive rehabilitation also seems to be crucial. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive rehabilitation during the acute phase of schizophrenia.MethodsPatients were recruited from consecutive acute admissions to the inpatient unit during a 15‐month period and were evaluated to determine whether they could be enrolled in an 8‐week cognitive rehabilitation program within 14 days of their hospital admission. Cognitive rehabilitation programs with a workbook style were adopted, taking the patients' conditions and burdens into consideration.ResultsEighty‐three patients were newly admitted during the entry period, and 49 patients (59.0%) were eligible for inclusion. Of them, 22 patients (44.9%) agreed to participate and started the program. Sixteen patients completed the program and underwent a second assessment. Thus, 32.7% (16/49) of all the eligible patients actually completed the study. The participants were quite satisfied with the program.ConclusionsThis preliminary study yielded encouraging data demonstrating the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive remediation for patients with schizophrenia during the acute phase. The provision of cognitive rehabilitation during the acute phase of the first episode can reasonably be expected to lead to better functional outcomes.
Forecasting cycles of seizure likelihood
Authors: Karoly Philippa J. , Cook Mark J. , Maturana Matias , Nurse Ewan S. , Payne Daniel , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Grayden David B. , Dumanis Sonya B. , Richardson Mark P. , Worrell Greg A. , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Kuhlmann Levin , Freestone Dean R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveSeizure unpredictability is rated as one of the most challenging aspects of living with epilepsy. Seizure likelihood can be influenced by a range of environmental and physiological factors that are difficult to measure and quantify. However, some generalizable patterns have been demonstrated in seizure onset. A majority of people with epilepsy exhibit circadian rhythms in their seizure times, and many also show slower, multiday patterns. Seizure cycles can be measured using a range of recording modalities, including self‐reported electronic seizure diaries. This study aimed to develop personalized forecasts from a mobile seizure diary app.MethodsForecasts based on circadian and multiday seizure cycles were tested pseudoprospectively using data from 50 app users (mean of 109 seizures per subject). Individuals' strongest cycles were estimated from their reported seizure times and used to derive the likelihood of future seizures. The forecasting approach was validated using self‐reported events and electrographic seizures from the Neurovista dataset, an existing database of long‐term electroencephalography that has been widely used to develop forecasting algorithms.ResultsThe validation dataset showed that forecasts of seizure likelihood based on self‐reported cycles were predictive of electrographic seizures for approximately half the cohort. Forecasts using only mobile app diaries allowed users to spend an average of 67.1% of their time in a low‐risk state, with 14.8% of their time in a high‐risk warning state. On average, 69.1% of seizures occurred during high‐risk states and 10.5% of seizures occurred in low‐risk states.SignificanceSeizure diary apps can provide personalized forecasts of seizure likelihood that are accurate and clinically relevant for electrographic seizures. These results have immediate potential for translation to a prospective seizure forecasting trial using a mobile diary app. It is our hope that seizure forecasting apps will one day give people with epilepsy greater confidence in managing their daily activities.
Similarities in biological processes can be used to bridge ecology and molecular biology
Authors: Hallin Johan , Cisneros Angel F. , Hénault Mathieu , Fijarczyk Anna , Dandage Rohan , Bautista Carla , Landry Christian R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMuch of the research in biology aims to understand the origin of diversity. Naturally, ecological diversity was the first object of study, but we now have the necessary tools to probe diversity at molecular scales. The inherent differences in how we study diversity at different scales caused the disciplines of biology to be organized around these levels, from molecular biology to ecology. Here, we illustrate that there are key properties of each scale that emerge from the interactions of simpler components and that these properties are often shared across different levels of organization. This means that ideas from one level of organization can be an inspiration for novel hypotheses to study phenomena at another level. We illustrate this concept with examples of events at the molecular level that have analogs at the organismal or ecological level and vice versa. Through these examples, we illustrate that biological processes at different organization levels are governed by general rules. The study of the same phenomena at different scales could enrich our work through a multidisciplinary approach, which should be a staple in the training of future scientists.
The association between clinical parameters recorded at vet gates during Fédération Equestre Internationale endurance rides and the imminent risk of elimination
Authors: Bennet Euan D. , Hayes Megan E. , Friend Laura , Parkin Tim D. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndurance competitions over distances of 80‐160 km are required by Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) rules to be divided into a number of stages between three and six. These stages are also known as “loops”. Veterinary inspections, designed to ensure horse welfare, are conducted at the end of each loop, with details recorded on a separate “vet card” for each horse.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors recorded on vet cards that were associated with elimination at subsequent loops.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData relating to 3213 horse starts worldwide in international (CEI) events during 2014 were analysed. Univariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for potential inclusion in a final multivariable logistic regression model. Models were constructed stepwise using backwards‐removal and assessed using the Bayesian information criterion.ResultsRisk factors were identified, which would allow an “in‐ride” risk profile to be constructed for each horse which evolves as the horse progresses through the ride. Some risk factors such as abnormal gait and high heart rate were found to be repeatedly associated with imminent failure to qualify.Main limitationsThis is a relatively small study in terms of cohort size, based on the data that were available at the time of the study. Although comprehensive ride history data were also available for each horse via the main FEI database, training data were not.ConclusionsBy identifying risk factors observed during the veterinary inspections at the end of a loop that are strongly associated with elimination at the end of the next or subsequent loops, these results provide an evidence‐base for educational initiatives and regulatory changes that will inform the way veterinary delegates use veterinary inspections to help identify horses at risk of imminent FTQ.
Morphological divergence among Spanish Common Crossbill populations and adaptations to different pine species
Authors: Alonso Daniel , Fernández-Eslava Blanca , Edelaar Pim , Arizaga Juan 
Published: March 2020

Crossbills (Loxia spp.) provide a classical avian model of ecological specialization on food resources. Previous studies have suggested that morphometric, genetic and vocal diversification among Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra populations is better explained by ecological distance (use of different conifers) than by geographical distance, indicating that populations have diverged adaptatively. We tested for adaptive divergence in Iberian crossbills using bill and body size measurements of 6082 crossbills from 27 sites, each consisting of a dominant or single pine (Pinus) of four possible species. Crossbills using different pines differed significantly in body size and bill size and shape. There was no correlation between geographical and morphological distance among sampling sites, consistent with the hypothesis that the morphological divergence of Iberian crossbills is shaped by their ecological differences (foraging on alternative conifers) rather than geographical distance. However, for unknown reasons, Common Crossbills foraging on Pinus sylvestris in Iberia have on average much smaller bills than Parrot Crossbills Loxia pytyopsittacus feeding on the same pine species in northern Europe. The extent to which crossbills specialize on Iberian P. sylvestris remains to be established. Specialization on conifers with overlapping geographical distributions may be facilitated by matching habitat choice of crossbills as a function of their local intake rates.
Variation in monthly sizes of home‐ranges of Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in western, eastern and southern Africa
Authors: Thompson Lindy J. , Barber David R. , Bechard Marc J. , Botha André J. , Wolter Kerri , Neser Walter , Buechley Evan R. , Reading Richard , Garbett Rebecca A. , Hancock Pete , Maude Glyn , Virani Munir Z. , Thomsett Simon , Lee Hansoo , Ogada Darcy , Barlow Clive R. , Bildstein Keith L. 
Published: March 2020

Tracking studies are often used to inform conservation plans and actions. However, species have frequently only been tracked in one or a few localities, whereas space use can be remarkably flexible, especially in long‐lived species with advanced learning abilities. We assessed variability in space use in the Critically Endangered Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus by pooling movement data from three populations across the species’ sub‐Saharan range (in South Africa, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, The Gambia and Mozambique). We estimated minimum convex polygons and kernel density estimators (KDEs) and compared monthly home‐range sizes between breeding and non‐breeding seasons, age‐classes and subspecies, accounting for uneven sampling within groups. Mean (± sd) monthly home‐range sizes (95% KDEs) for adult Hooded Vultures from southern (12 453 ± 21 188 km2, n = 82) and eastern Africa (3735 ± 3652 km2, n = 24) were 103 and 31 times larger than those of conspecifics from western Africa (121 ± 98 km2, n = 48). This may relate partly to subspecific differences, and individuals with small home‐ranges in western Africa and Ethiopia were trapped in urban environments. Regional variation in space use by Hooded Vultures may be linked to flexibility in feeding behaviour (degree of commensalism) which may arise in response to resource availability and persecution in different areas. Age‐class also affected monthly home‐range sizes, with immature birds generally having larger monthly home‐range size estimates than adults. Our results highlight the flexibility of Hooded Vultures in terms of their home‐range sizes and suggest that home‐range sizes differ between populations and individuals, depending on the extent of human commensalism. Our results also reaffirm the importance of international co‐operation in conservation efforts aimed at protecting this wide‐ranging, non‐migratory species.
Anomalous fluorescence of white hair compared to other unpigmented keratin fibres
Authors: Millington K. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate that the tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence of natural white hair is much weaker than other unpigmented keratin fibres such as wool, cashmere, rabbit hair and mink fur, and to explore possible reasons for this behaviour. The origin of the blue visible fluorescence (~450 nm) excited by UVA radiation in the range 360–380 nm, often associated with Trp degradation products, is also discussed and compared to other fibrous and globular proteins.MethodsAs the fluorescence spectrum of keratin fibres usually contains at least two major features, a visual comparison is more effectively demonstrated by creating a 3D contour plot of excitation versus emission wavelength, which is sometimes referred to as an excitation emission matrix (EEM).ResultsThe Trp fluorescence from white hair is very much weaker than for wool, cashmere, rabbit hair and mink fur, but its visible fluorescence emission is stronger. Oxidation and reduction have little effect on the Trp intensity, which suggests quenching by cystine is not a major factor. Decuticulation of hair fibres had no effect on the Trp intensity showing that the increased number of cuticle scales surrounding the fibre cortex is not responsible. Trp fluorescence is very sensitive to exposure to UVB wavelengths, so possibly its low intensity in hair is due to greater levels of environmental exposure to sunlight than the other fibres examined.ConclusionTrp fluorescence from natural white hair is either extremely weak or completely absent, in contrast to the four other keratin fibres examined. It is possible that environmental exposure to UV wavelengths presents in sunlight contributes to a reduction in the Trp fluorescence intensity of white hair. However, another explanation is that Trp is quenched, by either an unknown substance introduced into hair during keratinization or as a result of regular exposure to personal care products, which may interact with Trp or tyrosine residues and disrupt the energy transfer process involved in keratin fluorescence. Further studies will be required to definitively determine the cause.
ADAMTS‐5: A difficult teenager turning 20
Authors: Santamaria Salvatore 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS)‐5 was identified in 1999 as one of the enzymes responsible for cleaving aggrecan, the major proteoglycan in articular cartilage. Studies in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo have validated ADAMTS‐5 as a target in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by extensive degradation of aggrecan. For this reason, it attracted the interest of many research groups aiming to develop a therapeutic treatment for OA patients. However, ADAMTS‐5 proteoglycanase activity is not only involved in the dysregulated aggrecan proteolysis, which occurs in OA, but also in the physiological turnover of other related proteoglycans. In particular, versican, a major ADAMTS‐5 substrate, plays an important structural role in heart and blood vessels and its proteolytic processing by ADAMTS‐5 must be tightly regulated. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ADAMTS‐5, this review looks at the evidence for its detrimental role in OA, as well as its physiological turnover of cardiovascular proteoglycans. Moreover, the other potential functions of this enzyme are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in ADAMTS‐5 research are discussed.
Catch them young: Impact of financial socialization, financial literacy and attitude towards money on financial well‐being of young adults
Authors: Utkarsh  , Pandey Asheesh , Ashta Arvind , Spiegelman Eli , Sutan Angela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA stream of research has examined the financial well‐being of individuals. However, less research has been conducted on the financial well‐being of young adults in developing economies. To further examine this domain, we developed a conceptual framework based on the existing literature of consumer research and financial well‐being and assessed how financial literacy, socialization and attitude towards money influence the financial well‐being of young adults. Two cross‐sectional surveys were conducted on 446 young adults (preliminary study n = 156; main study n = 290; mean age 22 years) in India. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that financial discussion with parents during childhood positively influences financial well‐being of young adults. In addition, we found that relationship between financial literacy and financial well‐being is not significant. Furthermore, the study reveals the role of attitude towards money as a strong predictor of financial well‐being. The results provide implications for educational and financial institutions and policymakers for improving the financial well‐being of young adults.
Genome‐wide detection of signatures of selection in three Valdostana cattle populations
Authors: Mastrangelo Salvatore , Ben Jemaa Slim , Ciani Elena , Sottile Gianluca , Moscarelli Angelo , Boussaha Mekki , Montedoro Marina , Pilla Fabio , Cassandro Martino 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Valdostana is a local dual purpose cattle breed developed in Italy. Three populations are recognized within this breed, based on coat colour, production level, morphology and temperament: Valdostana Red Pied (VPR), Valdostana Black Pied (VPN) and Valdostana Chestnut (VCA). Here, we investigated putative genomic regions under selection among these three populations using the Bovine 50K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (FST) or extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS and Rsb). In total, 8, 5 and 8 chromosomes harbouring 13, 13 and 16 genomic regions potentially under selection were identified by at least two approaches in VPR, VPN and VCA, respectively. Most of these candidate regions were population‐specific but we found one common genomic region spanning 2.38 Mb on BTA06 which either overlaps or is located close to runs of homozygosity islands detected in the three populations. This region included inter alia two well‐known genes: KDR, a well‐established coat colour gene, and CLOCK, which plays a central role in positive regulation of inflammatory response and in the regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm. The other candidate regions identified harboured genes associated mainly with milk and meat traits as well as genes involved in immune response/inflammation or associated with behavioural traits. This last category of genes was mainly identified in VCA, which is selected for fighting ability. Overall, our results provide, for the first time, a glimpse into regions of the genome targeted by selection in Valdostana cattle. Finally, this study illustrates the relevance of using multiple complementary approaches to identify genomic regions putatively under selection in livestock.
Retracted: Intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein mediates atherosclerotic progress through increasing intestinal inflammation and permeability
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Wang Fan , Wang Jiajun , Wang Yongshun , Fang Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis is one of leading phenotypes of cardiovascular diseases, featured with increased vascular intima‐media thickness (IMT) and unstable plaques. The interaction between gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular homeostasis is emerging as a hot topic. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of an intestinal protein, intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein (I‐FABP/FABP2) in the atherosclerotic progress. In western diet–fed ApoE−/− mice, FABP2 was highly expressed in intestine. Silence of intestinal Fabp2 attenuated western diet–induced atherosclerotic phenotypes, including decreasing toxic lipid accumulation, vascular fibrosis and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, intestinal Fabp2 knockdown improved intestinal permeability through increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Meanwhile, intestinal Fabp2 knockdown mice exhibited down‐regulation of intestinal inflammation in western diet–fed ApoE−/− mice. In clinical patients, the circulating level of FABP2 was obviously increased in patients with cardiovascular disease and positively correlated with the value of carotid intima‐media thickness, total cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, FABP2‐induced intestinal permeability could address a potential role of gastrointestinal system in the development of atherosclerosis, and targeting on intestinal FABP2 might provide a therapeutic approach to protect against atherosclerosis.
Quality and content analysis of clinical practice guidelines which include nonpharmacological interventions for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Tittlemier Brenda J. , Wittmeier Kristy D. , Webber Sandra C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) guide the provision of high‐quality healthcare for people with knee OA, which may improve outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the quality of and content within recently published CPGs for people with knee OA.MethodsCPGs (2014‐2019) that described recommendations for nonpharmacological interventions for knee OA were included in the analysis. Two pairs of evaluators used the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II instrument (AGREE II) to assess the quality of guideline development. CPG content was reviewed and summarized for comparison.ResultsTen CPGs were identified for inclusion in the quality and content analysis (seven newly developed and three recently updated). Overall CPG scores ranged between 42% and 100%. Six CPGs were found to be high‐quality. Exercise was the only intervention recommended by all CPGs that we appraised. Weight‐management and education were the next most frequently recommended interventions. Inter‐rater reliability scores were high in domain 1: scope and purpose, (P‐value = .001, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62‐0.98), domain 3: rigor of development (P‐value = .000, ICC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.80‐0.99) and domain 5: applicability (P‐value = .001, ICC = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.64‐0.98).ConclusionSeveral CPGs have been developed or recently updated since 2014. Over half of the ten CPGs we appraised were deemed to be high‐quality. Exercise, education, and weight‐management advice are interventions that were most commonly recommended by CPGs.