bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive coronary thrombosis caused primary percutaneous coronary intervention to fail in a COVID‐19 patient with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Seif Sherif , Ayuna Ahmed , Kumar Abhishek , Macdonald John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a new viral infection that has a significant impact on global health and economy. Because of its rapid spread worldwide, it may influence the prognosis of other medical conditions, such as ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We report a case of a 58‐year female patient admitted with an infero‐posterior STEMI on the background of recently positive COVID‐19 swab. Reperfusion was attempted through primary PCI but unfortunately failed to restore coronary blood flow due to massive thrombotic burden despite several attempts of balloon dilatation and aspiration thrombectomy. She sadly died later on because of hemodynamic deterioration. This scenario raises concerns about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETS) which might potentially have propagated inflammation and thrombosis via platelets' aggregation leading to enhanced coagulopathy and massive coronary thrombosis. Therefore, we suggest primary PCI as the first‐choice of revascularization in patients with combined COVID‐19 and STEMI. Additionally, we emphasize on the importance of using the potent new generation P2Y12 inhibitors along with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in every STEMI patient with COVID‐19 to achieve favorable conditions for primary PCI as well as favorable outcomes after stent implantation.
Complete remission in refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia using blinatumomab after failure of response to CD‐19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Tambaro Francesco Paolo , Khazal Sajad , Nunez Cesar , Ragoonanan Dristhi , Tewari Priti , Petropoulos Demetrios , Kebriaei Partow , Wierda William George , Mahadeo Kris Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe T‐cell engager monoclonal antibody, blinatumomab, is a potential therapeutic strategy for refractory B acute lymphoblastic leukemia after failure of CD 19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.
Digital modeling of function and performance of transport amphorae
Authors: Hein Anno , Kilikoglou Vassilis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn antiquity, amphorae served as standard transport containers for diverse goods. For packaging of large numbers of amphorae, the basically ovoid‐shaped amphora bodies were stacked in several layers placing their pointed bases into the spaces between the shoulders of the amphorae in the respective lower layer. Thus, particularly during transport in cargo ships they had to withstand considerable mechanical loads at their contact points. This required high mechanical performance concerning the actual ceramic materials as well as the vessel design. In the present paper, the performance of different types of amphorae will be assessed. On the basis of mechanical tests of specimens of East Aegean transport amphorae of the Hellenistic and Roman Period, the material properties of the ceramics have been estimated. These properties are used in three‐dimensional models, simulating the performance of different amphora types under typical loads by using the finite element method (FEM). In this way, specific design features of different vessel types can be assessed for their performance particularly during transport. On the other hand, the simulations provide information toward the interpretation of typical damages observed in archaeological finds and allow for a realistic assessment of amphora function and the risk of its failure.
Theoretical Mechanistic Studies of Rh‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Amination: A Comparison with Co Analogue and Metal Effects
Authors: Yu Yang , Luo Gen , Yang Jimin , Luo Yi 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe mechanism of Rh‐catalyzed C(sp3)—H amination has been computationally investigated. The reaction mechanism mainly involves sequential C(sp3)—H activation, decarboxylation, nitrene migration insertion, and protonation steps. Competitive concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) and external base assisted deprotonation (EBAD) pathways are found for the involved C(sp3)—H activation in both Rh and Co analogous systems. This is different from the previously reported C(sp2)—H activation, where the CMD is dominant. The key mechanistic difference between the two systems is found to be in the C(sp3)—H activation step. In comparison with Rh species, the lower activity of Co complex toward the C(sp3)—H activation could be ascribed to smaller atomic size of Co and thus larger steric repulsion between ancillary ligand and substrate along with the CMD pathway. In view of the EBAD pathway, however, the lower activity of Co species could be imputed to the triplet nature of Co center, which is against the electron transfer from the electron‐rich carbon atom of the deprotonating C(sp3)—H bond to the Co center. As to the subsequent decarboxylation and nitrene insertion steps, compared with the Co system, the relatively lower reactivity of Rh species is partially due to the stronger Rh—N bond, and the higher π(Rh—N) and π*(Rh—N) orbital energies of the corresponding transition state structure.
Straightforward Sulfonamidation viaMetabisulfite‐Mediated Cross Coupling of Nitroarenes and Boronic Acids under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions†
Authors: Li Yaping , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA straightforward multicomponent sulfonamidation of nitroarenes, sodium metabisulfite and boronic acids was established under transition‐metal‐free conditions to access diverse sulfonamides from readily available and low‐cost materials modularly. Inorganic salt sodium metabisulfite not only served as a sulfur dioxide source, but also played a key role for both activator and reductant during sulfonamidation. Notably, naturally occurring biomolecules and pharmaceuticals with multiple heteroatoms and sensitive functional groups were intensively investigated in this transformtion providing versatile sulfonamides collectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that nitrosoarene is the key intermediate, and the activation of boronic acid is the rate‐determining step in the transformation.
Multi‐group multi‐time point confirmatory factor analysis of the triadic structure of temperament: A nonhuman primate model
Authors: Wood Elizabeth K. , Higley James D. , Champoux Maribeth , Marsiske Michael , Olsen Joseph A. , Suomi Stephen J. , Kay Daniel B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAttempts to describe the latent structure of human infant temperament have led some to suggest the existence of three major dimensions. An earlier exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a triadic structure of temperament in week‐old rhesus monkey infants, paralleling the structure in human infants. This study sought to confirm the latent triadic structure of temperament across the first month of life in a larger sample of rhesus monkey infants (N = 668), reared by their mothers or in a neonatal nursery. A weekly behavioral assessment was obtained during the first month of life using a subset of items from the widely utilized Infant Behavioral Assessment Scale (IBAS), an instrument designed to measure temperament in infant monkeys. Using the latent constructs proposed by the earlier EFA (Orienting/Regulation, Negative Affectivity, Surgency/Extraversion), multi‐group, multi‐time point confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to confirm the latent temperament structure across rearing groups at each time point (weeks 1–4). Results confirm and extend those of the earlier EFA: latent Orienting/Regulation, Negative Affectivity, and Surgency/Extraversion constructs were present across the rearing groups at each time point, with the IBAS items consistently loading onto the latent factors to a similar degree across rearing groups at each time point. These findings suggest foundational evolutionary roots for the triadic structure of human infant temperament, but that its behavioral manifestations vary across maturation and rearing condition. Similarities in latent temperament structure in humans and a representative nonhuman primate highlights the potential for utilizing translational nonhuman primate models to increase understanding of human temperament.
Impact of flash glucose monitoring on glucose control and hospitalization in type 1 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Tsur Anat , Cahn Avivit , Israel Meirav , Feldhamer Ilan , Hammerman Ariel , Pollack Rena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the impact of flash continuous glucose monitoring (FCGM) on glycemic control and healthcare burden in a large real‐world cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) initiating FCGM technology.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (age ≥18 years) with T1D from a large Health Maintenance Organization in Israel, who initiated FCGM during 2018. Primary outcomes included change in HbA1c ≥3 months following FCGM commencement and change in rate of internal‐medicine hospitalization. Additional outcomes included changes in glucose test strip purchases, diabetes related outpatient health care visits and hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and/or severe hypoglycemia.ResultsThe study included 3490 patients, followed for a median of 14 (inter‐quartile range 11‐15) months after FCGM commencement. Among 2682 patients with an HbA1c measured both at baseline and ≥3 months after FCGM initiation, average HbA1c declined from 8.1% ± 1.46% to 7.9% ± 1.31% (P < .001) at first measurement and was maintained during follow up. Specifically, in those with HbA1c ≥8%, a mean decline of 0.5% (P < .001) was observed. A clinically significant HbA1c reduction of ≥0.5% was experienced by 25.5% of the patients. The rate of internal medicine hospitalization, visits to primary care, or visits to endocrine/diabetes specialists in the period following FCGM commencement vs the 6 months prior was significantly reduced (P < .001). Hospitalization for DKA and/or hypoglycemia declined as well (P = .004).ConclusionsFCGM was associated with significant and durable improvement in glycemic control as well as reduced consumption of healthcare services.
Hypoglycaemia avoidance behaviour and exercise levels in active youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Roberts Alissa J. , Yi‐Frazier Joyce P. , Carlin Kristen , Taplin Craig E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe primary goal of this exploratory study was to examine the association between fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH), hypoglycaemia avoidance behaviours and exercise in active youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods30 youth with T1D who participate in some physical activity (PA), age 15.0 ± 2.4 years, on insulin pump therapy completed the ‘Type 1 Diabetes Report of Exercise Practices Survey (T1D‐REPS)’ and parent and child hypoglycaemia fear surveys (HFS). Twenty‐eight participants completed the 3‐day PA recall survey. Clinical data and pump downloads were obtained at the time of the survey collection.ResultsHigher child HFS behaviour and total scores were associated with higher PA levels (P = .003, P = .027), and higher parent HFS behaviour score was associated with higher youth PA levels (P = .031), after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes and BMI. Higher child HFS behaviour score was associated with a higher exercise hypoglycaemia avoidance score on T1D‐REPS (r = .38, P = .043). Higher child HFS worry and total scores were associated with higher HbA1c (r = .48, P = .008; r = .46, P = .012).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that, in a generally active cohort of youth with T1D, increased hypoglycaemia avoidance behaviour was associated with higher PA levels. Higher overall FOH scores were associated with PA level, driven by higher behaviour subscale scores, while worry subscales were not correlated with PA level. Those with more FOH intervene more to specifically avoid exercise‐associated hypoglycaemia and appear to have worse overall glycaemic control. Thus, improved education is required to improve glycaemic control around exercise while maintaining avoidance of hypoglycaemia.
Tidal pumping and biogeochemical processes: Dissolution within the tidal capillary fringe of eogenetic coastal carbonates
Authors: Gulley J.D. , Breecker D. , Covington M. , Cooperdock S. , Banner J. , Moore P.J. , Noronha A. , Breithaupt C. , Martin J.B. , Jenson J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests microbial respiration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may be a principal driver of subsurface dissolution and cave formation in eogenetic carbonate rock. Analyses of samples of vadose zone gasses, and geochemical and hydrological data collected from shallow, uncased wells on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, suggest tidally varying water tables may help fuel microbial respiration and dissolution through oxygenation. Respiration of soil organic carbon transported to water tables generates dysaerobic to anaerobic groundwater, limiting aerobic microbial processes. Positive correlations of carbon dioxide (CO2), radon‐222 (222Rn) and water table elevation indicate, however, that tidal pumping of water tables pulls atmospheric air that is rich in oxygen, and low in CO2 and 222Rn, into contact with the tidal capillary fringe during falling tides. Ratios of CO2 and O2 in vadose gas relative to the atmosphere indicate this atmospheric oxygen fuels respiration within newly‐exposed, wetted bedrock. Deficits of expected CO2 relative to O2 concentrations indicate some respired CO2 is likely removed by carbonate mineral dissolution. Tidal pumping also appears capable of transferring oxygen to the freshwater lens, where it could also contribute to respiration and dissolution; dissolved oxygen concentrations at the water table are at least 5% saturated and decline to anaerobic conditions 1–2 m below. Our results demonstrate how tidal pumping of air to vadose zones can drive mineral dissolution reactions that are focused near water tables and may contribute to the formation of laterally continuous vuggy horizons and potentially caves. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mercury concentrations in store‐bought shrimp
Authors: McCormick Angelle , Robertson Matthew D. , Brasso Rebecka , Midway Stephen R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost mercury exposure to humans comes from consumption of fish and shellfish; however, mercury concentrations are not known for all available seafood, particularly shrimp. Our objective was to estimate the concentration of mercury in a variety of store‐bought shrimp and then to compare total mercury concentrations to other information such as brand, harvest type, and total fat. We sampled a total of n = 159 shrimp from 10 different brands. Across 10 brands of shrimp, there was a significant effect of brand, with mean mercury concentrations among brands varying by up to an order of magnitude. We found no significant differences comparing shrimp between two capture types (wild‐caught and farm‐raised), which was perfectly collinear to whether shrimp were domestic or foreign. We did detect significant differences in mercury levels among different amounts of total fat in shrimp, with the lowest fat shrimp (1 g) having significantly more mercury than the highest fat shrimp (2 g). Although our results confirm that shrimp contains relatively low levels of mercury and is generally considered a good choice for consumers, this study is the first to report significant differences in mercury among both brands of shrimp and total fat content in shrimp.
Mapping the artistic brain: Common and distinct neural activations associated with musical, drawing, and literary creativity
Authors: Chen Qunlin , Beaty Roger E. , Qiu Jiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhether creativity is a domain‐general or domain‐specific ability has been a topic of intense speculation. Although previous studies have examined domain‐specific mechanisms of creative performance, little is known about commonalities and distinctions in neural correlates across different domains. We applied activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis to identify the brain activation of domain‐mechanisms by synthesizing functional neuroimaging studies across three forms of artistic creativity: music improvisation, drawing, and literary creativity. ALE meta‐analysis yielded a domain‐general pattern across three artistic forms, with overlapping clusters in the presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Regarding domain‐specificity, musical creativity was associated with recruitment of the SMA‐proper, bilateral IFG, left precentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared to the other two artistic forms; drawing creativity recruited the left fusiform gyrus, left precuneus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right MFG compared to musical creativity; and literary creativity recruited the left angular gyrus and right lingual gyrus compared to musical creativity. Contrasting drawing and literary creativity revealed no significant differences in neural activation, suggesting that these domains may rely on a common neurocognitive system. Overall, these findings reveal a central, domain‐general system for artistic creativity, but with each domain relying to some degree on domain‐specific neural circuits.
Familial cancer risk in family members and spouses of patients with early‐onset head and neck cancer
Authors: Mroueh Rayan , Tanskanen Tomas , Haapaniemi Aaro , Salo Tuula , Malila Nea , Mäkitie Antti , Pitkäniemi Janne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundReported patterns of familial aggregation of head and neck cancer (HNC) vary greatly, with many studies hampered by the limited number of subjects.MethodsAltogether 923 early‐onset (≤40 years old) HNC probands, their first‐degree relatives, spouses, and siblings' offspring were ascertained. Cumulative risk and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated.ResultsOf all early‐onset HNC families, only 21 (2.3%) had familial HNC cancers at any age and less than five familial early onset HNC cancers among first‐degree relatives. The cumulative risk of HNC for siblings by age 60 (0.52%) was at population level (0.33%). No increased familial risk of early‐onset HNC could be discerned in family members (SIR 2.68, 95% CI 0.32‐9.68 for first‐degree relatives).ConclusionsOur study indicates that the cumulative and relative familial risk of early‐onset HNC is modest in the Finnish population and, at most, only a minor proportion of early‐onset HNCs are due solely to inherited genetic mutations.
Long‐term outcomes of skull base chordoma treated with high‐dose carbon‐ion radiotherapy
Authors: Koto Masashi , Ikawa Hiroaki , Kaneko Takashi , Hagiwara Yasuhito , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Tsuji Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the long‐term efficacy and safety of carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) for skull base chordoma, a rare neoplasm.MethodsThirty‐four patients with skull base chordoma who were treated with C‐ion RT were prospectively enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. C‐ion RT was delivered with 60.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 16 fractions at four fractions per week.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 108 months. The 5‐ and 9‐year local control rates were 76.9% and 69.2%, respectively. The 5‐ and 9‐year overall survival rates were 93.5% and 77.4%, respectively. Regarding grade 3 or more severe late reactions, one patient developed a grade 3 mucosal ulcer, two developed grade 4 ipsilateral optic nerve injuries, and one developed a grade 5 mucosal ulcer at 9 years and 3 months after C‐ion RT.ConclusionC‐ion RT with 60.8 Gy (RBE)/16 fractions is a promising treatment option for inoperable skull base chordoma.
Acute Liver Injury in COVID‐19: Prevalence and Association with Clinical Outcomes in a Large U.S. Cohort
Authors: Phipps Meaghan M. , Barraza Luis H. , LaSota Elijah D. , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. , Pereira Marcus R. , Zheng Elizabeth X. , Fox Alyson N. , Zucker Jason , Verna Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated with acute liver injury (ALI) manifested by increased liver enzymes in reports worldwide. Prevalence of liver injury and associated clinical characteristics are not well defined. We aim to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for development of COVID‐19‐associated ALI in a large cohort in the United States.

Approach and Results
In this retrospective cohort study, all patients who underwent SARS‐CoV‐2 testing at three hospitals in the NewYork‐Presbyterian network were assessed. Of 3,381 patients, 2,273 tested positive and had higher initial and peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than those who tested negative. ALI was categorized as mild if ALT was greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN) but <2 times ULN, moderate if ALT was between 2 and 5 times the ULN, and severe if ALT was >5 times the ULN. Among patients who tested positive, 45% had mild, 21% moderate, and 6.4% severe liver injury (SLI). In multivariable analysis, severe ALI was significantly associated with elevated inflammatory markers, including ferritin (odds ratio [OR], 2.40; P < 0.001) and interleukin‐6 (OR, 1.45; P = 0.009). Patients with SLI had a more severe clinical course, including higher rates of intensive care unit admission (69%), intubation (65%), renal replacement therapy (RRT; 33%), and mortality (42%). In multivariable analysis, peak ALT was significantly associated with death or discharge to hospice (OR, 1.14; P = 0.044), controlling for age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, intubation, and RRT.

Conclusions
ALI is common in patients who test positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, but is most often mild. However, among the 6.4% of patients with SLI, a severe disease course should be anticipated.