bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis: A global data sharing initiative
Authors: Peeters Liesbet M , Parciak Tina , Walton Clare , Geys Lotte , Moreau Yves , De Brouwer Edward , Raimondi Daniele , Pirmani Ashkan , Kalincik Tomas , Edan Gilles , Simpson-Yap Steve , De Raedt Luc , Dauxais Yann , Gautrais Clément , Rodrigues Paulo R , McKenna Landon , Lazovski Nikola , Hillert Jan , Forsberg Lars , Spelman Tim , McBurney Robert , Schmidt Hollie , Bergmann Arnfin , Braune Stefan , Stahmann Alexander , Middleton Rodden , Salter Amber , Bebo Bruce F , Rojas Juan I , van der Walt Anneke , Butzkueven Helmut , van der Mei Ingrid , Ivanov Rumen , Hellwig Kerstin , Sciascia do Olival Guilherme , Cohen Jeffrey A , Van Hecke Wim , Dobson Ruth , Magyari Melinda , Brum Doralina Guimarães , Alonso Ricardo , Nicholas Richard , Bauer Johana , Chertcoff Anibal , de Sèze Jérôme , Louapre Céline , Comi Giancarlo , Rijke Nick 
Published: July 2020

Background: We need high-quality data to assess the determinants for COVID-19 severity in people with MS (PwMS). Several studies have recently emerged but there is great benefit in aligning data collection efforts at a global scale. Objectives: Our mission is to scale-up COVID-19 data collection efforts and provide the MS community with data-driven insights as soon as possible. Methods: Numerous stakeholders were brought together. Small dedicated interdisciplinary task forces were created to speed-up the formulation of the study design and work plan. First step was to agree upon a COVID-19 MS core data set. Second, we worked on providing a user-friendly and rapid pipeline to share COVID-19 data at a global scale. Results: The COVID-19 MS core data set was agreed within 48 hours. To date, 23 data collection partners are involved and the first data imports have been performed successfully. Data processing and analysis is an on-going process. Conclusions: We reached a consensus on a core data set and established data sharing processes with multiple partners to address an urgent need for information to guide clinical practice. First results show that partners are motivated to share data to attain the ultimate joint goal: better understand the effect of COVID-19 in PwMS.
Beer drinking, resistance and the politics of alcohol tax levy in Botswana
Authors: Sebeelo Tebogo B 
Published: July 2020

Aim: The study investigated how beer drinkers coped, made sense of, and internalised the effects of the 30% alcohol levy implementation in Botswana in 2008. Methods: Constructivist grounded theory guided this study and explored how active beer drinkers ( n = 20) coped with the new alcohol reforms. Results: Beer drinkers resisted the new alcohol reforms through various acts theorised as individualised resistance, social drinking networks and seeking alternative drinking avenues. These resistance(s) are synergistic, fluid and situated. Actions by beer drinkers are culturally framed, enacted through the aegis of time to entrench drinker’s autonomy. Conclusions: The alcohol levy implementation in Botswana illuminates the intersection of power, culture and resistance. Policies that are perceived to be draconian and not evidence-based are likely to be resisted by consumers. An examination of the interplay between power/resistance is critical for future alcohol policy development.
Elevated alcohol consumption among geriatric psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Helvik Anne-Sofie , Engedal Knut , Johannessen Aud 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Although a clear relationship has been established between elevated alcohol consumption and psychiatric problems in old age, there are few descriptions of the prevalence of elevated alcohol consumption in older adults who have been referred to geriatric psychiatric treatment. Aim: To describe the prevalence of self-reported elevated alcohol consumption in men and women referred to geriatric psychiatry wards in Norway, and to explore factors associated with elevated alcohol consumption. Method: This cross-sectional study includes data from a registry of geriatric psychiatry patients aged ≥ 65 years from December 2016 until December 2018. The outcome measure was reported elevated alcohol consumption assessed with the short version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). The analyses used demographic data as well as a measure of cognitive function, psychiatric diagnosis and use of psychotropic drugs. Results: In total, 367 patients (131, 35.7% men) with a mean ( SD) age of 74.7 (7.6) years were included. Of these patients, 27% scored above the pre-set cut-off for elevated alcohol consumption according to AUDIT-C (≥ 3 and 4 for women and men, respectively). The prevalence of elevated alcohol did not differ by gender. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age, living with someone and use of antidepressants were associated with reduced odds for reporting elevated alcohol consumption ( OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.96; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.97; and 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.92, respectively). Conclusion: A relatively high proportion of psychiatric patients aged 65 years or older reported elevated alcohol consumption, regardless of diagnosis. Older age, living with someone and use of antidepressants were associated with lower odds for elevated alcohol consumption.
Recruiting breast cancer patients for mHealth research: Obstacles to clinic-based recruitment for a mobile phone app intervention study
Authors: Gupta Alisha , Ocker Gabrielle , Chow Philip I 
Published: July 2020

Background Nearly half of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients will report clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety within the first year of diagnosis. Research on the trajectory of distress in cancer patients suggests that targeting patients early in the diagnostic pathway could be particularly impactful. Given the recent rise of smartphone adoption, apps are a convenient and accessible platform from which to deliver mental health support; however, little research has examined their potential impact among newly diagnosed cancer patients. One reason is likely due to the obstacles associated with in-clinic recruitment of newly diagnosed cancer patients for mHealth pilot studies. Methods This article draws from our experiences of a recently completed pilot study to test a suite of mental health apps in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Recruitment strategies included in-clinic pamphlets, flyers, and direct communication with clinicians. Surgical oncologists and research staff members approached eligible patients after a medical appointment. Research team members met with patients to provide informed consent and review the study schedule. Results Four domains of in-clinic recruitment challenges emerged: (a) coordination with clinic staff, (b) perceived burden among breast cancer patients, (c) limitations regarding the adoption and use of technology, and (d) availability of resources. Potential solutions are provided for each challenge. Conclusion Recruitment of newly diagnosed cancer patients is a major challenge to conducting mobile intervention studies for researchers on a pilot-study budget. To realize the impact of mobile interventions for the most vulnerable cancer patient populations, health researchers must address barriers to in-clinic recruitment to provide vital preliminary data in proposals of large-scale research projects.
HPV Immunization in High School Student-Athletes Receiving Preparticipation Physical Evaluations at Mass Event Versus Other Venues
Authors: Cunningham Andrew K. , Rourke Meaghan M. , Moeller James L. , Nayak Melissa 
Published: July 2020

Background: The preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is a requirement for high school sport participation in most states, but its location and role in preventive health care for adolescents is often questioned. Hypothesis: Athletes who had their PPE performed in an office setting, in particular) by their primary care physician (PCP), will have higher human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization rates than those who had their PPE done in a group setting at a mass-participation PPE. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The PPE forms and immunization records for athletes at a single high school were reviewed to determine the location of PPE, the signing practitioner, and HPV immunization status. Results: A total of 488 athletes (286 males, 202 females) were included; 51% had received at least 1 dose of the HPV vaccine while 39% had completed the series. There was no significant difference in vaccination rates between examination in an office setting versus a group setting. Athletes receiving their PPE at an urgent care facility had significantly lower rates of HPV series completion than all other settings (29% vs 43%; P = 0.004). PPE completion by the athlete’s PCP was associated with higher rates of vaccine series completion (46% vs 34%; P = 0.014). Conclusion: Athletes who completed their PPE in mass event and office-based settings had similar rates of HPV vaccine series initiation and completion. PPEs done at urgent care facilities were associated with low rates of vaccine series completion, while those done by a PCP were associated with higher rates. Clinical Relevance: HPV immunization rates in athletes are low, and the PPE represents a potential opportunity to improve immunization rates.
Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Geriatric Population Present an Opportunity to Improve Recognition and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Piple Amit , Smith Christian Taylor , Barton David W. , Carmouche Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Osteoporosis remains an undertreated disease entity causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Proximal humerus fractures are a common sentinel fracture, providing an opportunity to intervene with antiresorptive therapy before more subsequent fractures occur. Despite the success of programs aimed to improve postfracture osteoporosis recognition and management, less than 30% of patients presenting with a fragility fracture are diagnosed or treated for osteoporosis nationally. Further elucidation of diagnosis and management of osteoporosis following humerus fracture is warranted. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort review intended to demonstrate the current state and clinical import of osteoporosis diagnosis and management following a humerus fracture at a large academic tertiary care center without an established secondary fracture prevention program. All patients 50 years of age or older who presented with a new humerus fracture between 2008 and 2014 were included. Outcome measures included: The initiation of antiresorptive therapy or screening before fracture, within the year following fracture, or not at all. Results: One thousand seven hundred unique geriatric patients were seen for humerus fractures. Nineteen percent of these patients (n = 324) were already on an antiresorptive medication. Three percent of previously untreated patients were started on antiresorptive therapy during the year after their fracture, with 31 or 2% of untreated patients starting at any subsequent point. Seventy-six percent of patients (n = 1301) were never prescribed antiresorptive therapy. Discussion and Conclusion: In the absence of a dedicated program to improve secondary fracture prevention following minimal trauma spinal fractures, recognition and treatment of osteoporosis in patients remained inadequate over time despite numerous calls to action on the topic in the orthopedic literature and public health initiatives. Undertreatment of osteoporosis puts patients at increased risk for additional fractures. This study underscores an opportunity to improve bone health by aggressively screening for and treating osteoporosis in geriatric humerus fracture patients.
Posterior sloping angle of the capital femoral physis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis has poor clinical utility and should not guide treatment on prophylactic fixation
Authors: Ou Yang Youheng , Chan Chloe Xiaoyun , Cheng Gloria Hui Min , Gera Sumanth Kumar , Mahadev Arjandas , Zainuddin Mohammad Ashik bin 
Published: July 2020

Background: Prophylactic pinning of the uninvolved side after unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is controversial as it balances increased surgical risks against the possibility of protecting a normal hip from initial slip and deformity. A posterior sloping angle (PSA) of greater than 12–14.5° has been proposed by various authors as a treatment threshold to predict for contralateral hip progression and prophylactic pinning. Methods: A retrospective review of a 10-year series of patients with the diagnosis of SCFE and follow-up of 18 months was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups, those with Isolated Unilateral Slips and those who subsequently underwent Subsequent Contralateral Progression. PSA measurements were performed by two clinicians and assessed for inter-observer reliability. Data collected included age, sex, ethnicity, Loder class, endocrinopathy, renal impairment, radiation exposure, and PSA. Results: There were no significant differences between the distribution of gender, site of slip, age of onset, Loder class, and presence of medical comorbidities between the Isolated Unilateral Slip and Subsequent Contralateral Progression groups ( p > 0.05). The mean PSA value was not significantly higher in the Subsequent Contralateral Progression group (17.9 ± 4.32 (10.5–23.5)) compared to the Isolated Unilateral Slip group (15.8 ± 5.31 (6–26)) ( p = 0.32). The receiver operator coefficient-derived ideal treatment threshold of 16.5° gave a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.64, and number needed to treat of 3. Conclusion: PSA differences between the Subsequent Contralateral Progression and Isolated Unilateral Slip groups were not statistically significant in this series. All proposed treatment thresholds had poor specificity. Prophylactic pinning should not be based on isolated PSA values. Level of evidence: III.
Is There a Gender Gap in Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement? Assessment of Clinically Meaningful Improvements in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Flores Sergio E. , Chambers Caitlin C. , Borak Kristina R. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Although patients have experienced significant improvements after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), prior studies suggest that women have worse outcomes than men. These previous studies lack comparisons of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores based on gender with respect to clinical significance measurements, including the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS). Purpose: To evaluate outcomes after hip arthroscopy for FAI based on patient gender by prospectively assessing changes in PRO scores, MCID, and PASS. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Women and men undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI were prospectively enrolled, and preoperative radiographic and intraoperative findings were collected. Patients completed the following PRO surveys before surgery and 2 years postoperatively: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Mean scores and percentage of patients reaching MCID and PASS were analyzed. Results: A total of 131 hips were included (72 women, 59 men). Women had smaller preoperative alpha angles (59.1° vs 63.7°, respectively; P < .001) and lower acetabular cartilage injury grade (6.9% vs 22.0% with grade 4 injury, respectively; P = .013). Both women and men achieved equivalent significant improvements in PRO scores after surgery (scores increased 18.4 to 45.1 points for mHHS and HOOS). Women and men reached PASS for mHHS at similar rates (76.4% and 77.2%, respectively; P = .915). MCID was also achieved at similar rates between women and men for all scores (range, 61.4%-88.9%) except the activities of daily living subscale of the HOOS, in which a greater percentage of women reached MCID compared with men (79.2% vs 62.7%, respectively; P = .037). Additional stratification by age group using the median cohort age of 34 years showed no significant differences in PRO improvement based on age group for each gender. Conclusion: Women can achieve clinically meaningful improvements in PRO scores after hip arthroscopy for FAI. Compared with men, women demonstrated equivalent high rates of achieving MCID and PASS at 2 years after surgery.
Biomechanical Analysis of Plate Fixation Compared With Various Screw Configurations for Use in the Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Roth Martina , Wijdicks Coen Abel , Fischer Nicole , Costantini Alberto , Di Giacomo Giovanni , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: July 2020

Background: The biomechanical properties of coracoid fixation with a miniplate during the Latarjet procedure have not been described. Purpose: To determine the biomechanical properties of miniplate fixation for the Latarjet procedure compared with various screw fixation configurations. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 8 groups (n = 5 specimens per group) were tested at a screw insertion angle of 0°: (1) 3.75-mm single screw, (2) 3.75-mm double screw, (3) 3.75-mm double screw with washers, (4) 3.75-mm double screw with a miniplate, (5) 4.00-mm single screw, (6) 4.00-mm double screw, (7) 4.00-mm double screw with washers, and (8) 4.00-mm double screw with a miniplate. In addition, similar to groups 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, there were 30 additional specimens (n = 5 per group) tested at a screw insertion angle of 15° (groups 9-14). To maintain specimen uniformity, rigid polyurethane foam blocks were used. Testing parameters included a preload of 214 N for 10 seconds, cyclical loading from 184 to 736 N at 1 Hz for 100 cycles, and failure loading at a rate of 15 mm/min until 10 mm of displacement or specimen failure occurred. Results: All single-screw constructs and 77% of 15° screw constructs failed before the completion of cyclical loading. Across all groups, group 8 (4.00-mm double screw with miniplate) demonstrated the highest maximum failure load ( P < .001). There were no differences in failure loads among specimens with single-screw fixation (groups 1, 5, 9, and 12; P > .05). All specimens in groups 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 (insertion angle of 15°) had significantly lower maximum failure loads compared with specimens in groups 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 (insertion angle of 0°) ( P < .001 for all). Conclusion: These results indicate significantly superior failure loads with the miniplate compared with all other constructs. Across all fixation techniques and screw sizes, constructs with screws inserted at 0° performed better than constructs with screws inserted at 15°. Clinical Relevance: The use of a miniplate for coracoid fixation during the Latarjet procedure may provide a more durable construct for the high-demand contact athlete.
Interspecies Comparison of Alveolar Bone Biology, Part I: Morphology and Physiology of Pristine Bone
Authors: Pilawski I. , Tulu U.S. , Ticha P. , Schüpbach P. , Traxler H. , Xu Q. , Pan J. , Coyac B.R. , Yuan X. , Tian Y. , Liu Y. , Chen J. , Erdogan Y. , Arioka M. , Armaro M. , Wu M. , Brunski J.B. , Helms J.A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Few interspecies comparisons of alveolar bone have been documented, and this knowledge gap raises questions about which animal models most accurately represent human dental conditions or responses to surgical interventions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to employ state-of-the-art quantitative metrics to directly assess and compare the structural and functional characteristics of alveolar bone among humans, mini pigs, rats, and mice. Methods: The same anatomic location (i.e., the posterior maxillae) was analyzed in all species via micro–computed tomographic imaging, followed by quantitative analyses, coupled with histology and immunohistochemistry. Bone remodeling was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase activity and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining to identify osteoblast and osteoclast activities. In vivo fluorochrome labeling was used as a means to assess mineral apposition rates. Results: Collectively, these analyses demonstrated that bone volume differed among the species, while bone mineral density was equal. All species showed a similar density of alveolar osteocytes, with a highly conserved pattern of collagen organization. Collagen maturation was equal among mouse, rat, and mini pig. Bone remodeling was a shared feature among the species, with morphologically indistinguishable hemiosteonal appearances, osteocytic perilacunar remodeling, and similar mineral apposition rates in alveolar bone. Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrated equivalencies among the 4 species in a plurality of the biological features of alveolar bone. Despite contradictory results from older studies, we found no evidence for the superiority of pig models over rodent models in representing human bone biology. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Animal models are extensively used to evaluate bone tissue engineering strategies, yet there are few state-of-the-art studies that rigorously compare and quantify the factors influencing selection of a given animal model. Consequently, there is an urgent need to assess preclinical animal models for their predictive value to dental research. Our article addresses this knowledge gap and, in doing so, provides a foundation for more effective standardization among animal models commonly used in dentistry.
Sonographer University: A Hands-On Training Course for Adult Sonographers Performing Pediatric Echocardiography
Authors: Hamilton-Scott Lindsay , Huang Jennifer H. , Ronai Christina , Madriago Erin J. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Children with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) often present in remote areas with life-threatening illness. Although performing complete pediatric echocardiograms requires significant training, remote locations necessitate sonographers with limited pediatric experience screen for CHD. The Sonographer University (SU) was designed to improve comfort in adult sonographers scanning children and recognizing CHD. Methods: The SU consisted of lectures, multimedia case studies, roundtable discussions, pathology stations, and hands-on scanning of 20 volunteer pediatric patients with either normal or diseased hearts. Topics included an overview of critical congenital heart lesions, crucial views for each defect, and pitfalls in imaging children. Results: Forty-four participants completed the SU seminar. In pretest assessment, approximately two-thirds said they were currently required to scan children. Participants’ comfort level sonographically scanning children and recognizing CHD improved substantially. A posttest showed that the course improved participants’ skill, knowledge, and confidence with pediatric studies. Conclusion: The SU seminar helped sonographers from remote areas to develop improved recognition of CHD, confidence in pediatric scanning, and methods for obtaining assistance with imaging a critically ill child.