bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Panic in the Industrial Town: Teenage ‘Deviancy’ and Religious Crisis in Central Scotland c. 1968–9
Authors: Lynch Charlie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article argues that Falkirk—a medium-sized industrial town in Central Scotland—became the scene of a localized, yet typical moral panic about teenage deviancy in the late sixties. Located within a broader context of secularization and changes to popular youth cultures, the panic was sparked by a succession of trials. As a result of these, several teenage boys were charged with cannabis possession, and a 19-year-old man was convicted of unlawful intercourse with a 15-year-old girl. Responding to public outrage, local moral entrepreneurs attributed the changing attitudes and behaviours of numbers of young people to a decline in churchgoing and religious piety. With assistance from North American and Canadian evangelicals, they attempted to mobilize a mass religious revival in the style of Billy Graham’s ‘Crusades’. By seeking to reassert the discursive power of Christianity in the face of moral change, their enterprise sought spiritual remedies to complex social and cultural developments. However, by the time evangelicals arrived, the panic had subsided due to the court case providing a measure of closure, and many churchgoers in Falkirk felt uncertainty about whether a greater role for churches in policing morality was desirable. Thereby, this article challenges literature that has sought to downplay secularization in Britain during the sixties and which emphasizes the influence of discursive change within Anglican Christianity on the sexual and moral revolutions of the 1960s. It contests London-centric conceptions of moral change and demonstrates that this was a product of regionalism as well as cosmopolitanism.
An alternative route to the Mandelbrot set: connecting idiosyncratic digital representations for undergraduates
Authors: Miles Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMathematics undergraduates often encounter a variety of digital representations which are more idiosyncratic than the ones they have experienced in school and which often require the use of more sophisticated digital tools. This article analyses a collection of digital representations common to undergraduate dynamical systems courses, considers the significant ways in which the representations are interconnected and examines how they are similar or differ from those students are likely to have experienced at school. A key approach in the analysis is the identification of mathematical objects corresponding to manipulative elements of the representations that are most essential for typical exploratory tasks. As a result of the analysis, augmentations of familiar representations are proposed that address the gap between local and global perspectives, and a case is made for greater use of isoperiodic diagrams. In particular, these diagrams are proposed as a new stimulus for students to generate their own explorations of fundamental properties of the Mandelbrot set. The ideas presented are expected to inform the practice of teachers seeking to develop visually rich exploratory tasks which pre-empt some of the issues of instrumentation that mathematics undergraduates experience when introduced to new digital tools. The overarching aim is to address significant questions concerning visualization and inscriptions in mathematics education.
Splicing variation of BMP2K balances endocytosis, COPII trafficking and autophagy in erythroid cells
Authors: Cendrowski Jaroslaw , Kaczmarek Marta , Kuzmicz-Kowalska Katarzyna , Mazur Michal , Jastrzebski Kamil , Brewinska-Olchowik Marta , Kominek Agata , Piwocka Katarzyna , Miaczynska Marta 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntracellular transport undergoes remodeling upon cell differentiation, which involves cell type-specific regulators. Bone morphogenetic protein 2-inducible kinase (BMP2K) has been potentially implicated in endocytosis and cell differentiation but its molecular functions remained unknown. We discovered that its longer (L) and shorter (S) splicing variants regulate erythroid differentiation in a manner unexplainable by their involvement in AP-2 adaptor phosphorylation and endocytosis. However, both variants interacted with SEC16A whose silencing in K562 erythroid leukemia cells affected generation of COPII assemblies and induced autophagic degradation. Variant-specific depletion approach showed that BMP2K isoforms constitute a BMP2K-L/S regulatory system. Therein, L promotes while S restricts recruitment of SEC31A to SEC24B-containing COPII structures forming at SEC16A-positive ER exit sites. Finally, we found L to promote and S to restrict autophagic degradation. Hence, we propose that BMP2K-L favors SEC16A-dependent intracellular processes important for erythroid maturation, such as COPII trafficking and autophagy, in a manner inhibited by BMP2K-S.
Liver histopathology in COVID 19 infection is suggestive of vascular alteration
Authors: Sonzogni Aurelio , Previtali Giulia , Seghezzi Michela , Alessio Maria Grazia , Gianatti Andrea , Licini Lisa , Zerbi Pietro , Carsana Luca , Rossi Roberta , Lauri Eleonora , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Nebuloni Manuela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 breakout in Italy has caused a huge number of severely ill patients with a serious increase in mortality. Although lungs seem to be the main target of the infection very few information are available about liver involvement in COVID-19 infection, that could possibly evocate a systemic disease targeting a lot of organs. Since now there are no reports of large series of histological evaluation of liver morphology in this setting. Knowledge of histological liver findings connected to clinical data is crucial in management of this disease. Post-mortem wedge liver biopsies from 48 patients died for COVID-19 infection were available from two main hospitals located in northern Italy, Lombardy; all sample were obtained during autopsies. No patient has a significant clinical complain of liver disease or signs of liver failure before and during hospitalization; for each of them laboratory data focused on liver were available. All liver samples showed minimal inflammation features; on the other side, many histological pictures compatible with vascular alterations were observed, characterized by portal vein braches number increase associated with lumen massive dilatation, partial or complete recent luminal thrombosis of portal and sinusoidal vessels, fibrosis of portal tract, focally severely enlarged and fibrotic. Our preliminary results concerning histological liver involvement in COVID-19 infection confirm the clinical impression that liver failure is not a main concern and this organ is not the target of significant inflammatory damage; histopatological findings are highly suggestive for marked alteration of intrahepatic blood vessel network secondary to systemic alterations induced by virus that could target, besides lung parenchyma, cardiovascular system, coagulation cascade or endothelial layer of blood vessels.
Selection of homemade mask materials for preventing transmission of COVID-19: a laboratory study
Authors: Wang Dijia , You Yanjun , Zhou Xiaoli , Zong Zhiyong , Huang Hao , Zhang Hui , Yong Xin , Cheng Yifan , Yang Liu , Guo Qiong , Long Youlin , Liu Yan , Huang Jin , Du Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the whole world with high mortality. Since droplet transmission is the main route of transmission, wearing a mask serves as a crucial preventive measure. However, the virus has spread quite quickly, causing severe mask shortage. Finding alternative materials for homemade masks while ensuring the significant performance indicators will help alleviate the shortage of masks. Referring to the national standard for the “Surgical Mask” of China, 17 materials to be selected for homemade masks were tested in four key indicators: pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency and resistance to surface wetting. Eleven single-layer materials met the standard of pressure difference (≤49 Pa), of which 3 met the standard of resistance to surface wetting (≥3), 1 met the standard of particle filtration efficiency (≥30%), but none met the standard of bacterial filtration efficiency (≥95%). Based on the testing results of single-layer materials, fifteen combinations of paired materials were tested. The results showed that three double-layer materials including double-layer medical non-woven fabric, medical non-woven fabric plus non-woven shopping bag, and medical non-woven fabric plus granular tea towel could meet all the standards of pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, and resistance to surface wetting, and were close to the standard of the bacterial filtration efficiency. In conclusion, if resources are severely lacking and medical masks cannot be obtained, homemade masks using available materials, based on the results of this study, can minimize the chance of infection to the maximum extent.
Parental criticism and adolescent internalising symptoms: Using a Children-of-Twins design with power calculations to account for genetic influence
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Yasmin , Eley Thalia , Hannigan Laurie , Creswell Cathy , Lichtenstein Paul , Spotts Erica , Ganiban Jody , Neiderhiser Jenae , Rijsdijk Fruhling , McAdams Tom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundParental criticism is correlated with internalising symptoms in adolescent offspring. This correlation could in part reflect their genetic relatedness, if the same genes influence behaviours in both parents and offspring. We use a Children-of-Twins design to assess whether parent-reported criticism and offspring internalising symptoms remain associated after controlling for shared genes. To aid interpretation of our results and those of previous Children-of-Twins studies, we examine statistical power for the detection of genetic effects and explore the direction of possible causal effects between generations.MethodsData were drawn from two Swedish twin samples, comprising 876 adult twin pairs with adolescent offspring and 1030 adolescent twin pairs with parents. Parent reports of criticism towards their offspring were collected concurrently with parent and offspring reports of adolescent internalising symptoms. Children-of-Twins structural equation models were used to control for genetic influence on the intergenerational association between parental criticism and adolescent internalising.ResultsParental criticism was associated with adolescent internalising symptoms after controlling for genetic influence. No significant role was found for shared genes influencing phenotypes in both generations, although power analyses suggested that some genetic effects may have gone undetected. Models could not distinguish directionality for non-genetic, causal effects between generations.ConclusionsParental criticism may be involved in psychosocial family processes in the context of adolescent internalising. Future studies should seek to identify these processes and provide clarity on the direction of potential causal effects.
M2 monocyte polarization in dialyzed patients is associated with increased levels of M-CSF and myeloperoxidase-associated oxidative stress: preliminary results
Authors: Pireaux Valérie , Delporte Cédric , Rousseau Alexandre , Desmet Jean-Marc , Antwerpen Pierre Van , Raes Martine , Boudjeltia Karim Zouaoui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases represent a major issue in terms of morbidity and mortality for dialysis patients. This morbidity is due to the accelerated atherosclerosis observed in these patients. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by key players such as monocytes, macrophages or oxidized LDLs. Monocytes-macrophages are classified into subsets of polarized cells, with M1 and M2 macrophages considered respectively as pro- and anti-inflammatory.The monocyte subsets and phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. These data was completed by the quantification of plasma M-CSF, IL-8, CRP, Mox-LDLs, Apo-B and Apo-AI, chloro-tyrosine and homocitrulline concentrations.The statistical differences and associations between two continuous variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, respectively.Hemodialyzed patients showed a significant increase in the concentrations of CRP, M-CSF and IL-8 (inflammation biomarkers) as well as of chloro-tyrosine and homocitrulline (myeloperoxidase-associated oxidative stress biomarkers). Moreover we observed a higher percentage of M2 monocytes in the plasma of hemodialysis patients, as compared to the controls.Our data suggests that an oxidative stress and an inflammatory environment, amplified in hemodialysis patients, seems to favor an increase in the concentration of circulating M-CSF, therefore leading to an increase of M2 polarization among circulating monocytes.Short summaryOur data suggests that an oxidative stress and an inflammatory environment, amplified in hemodialysis patients, seems to favor an increase in the concentration of circulating M-CSF, associated with an increase of circulating M2 polarized monocytes.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Population Level Covid-19 Mortality
Authors: Gross Cary P. , Essien Utibe R. , Pasha Saamir , Gross Jacob R , Wang Shi-yi , Nunez-Smith Marcella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent reporting of Covid-19 mortality data by race and ethnicity across the United States could bias our understanding of population-mortality disparities. Moreover, stark differences in age distribution by race and ethnicity groups are seldom accounted for in analyses.MethodsTo address these gaps, we conducted a cross-sectional study using publicly-reported Covid-19 mortality data to assess the quality of race and ethnicity data (Black, Latinx, white), and estimated age-adjusted disparities using a random effects meta-analytic approach.ResultsWe found only 28 states, and NYC, reported race and ethnicity-stratified Covid-19 mortality along with large variation in the percent of missing race and ethnicity data by state. Aggregated relative risk of death estimates for Black compared to the white population was 3.57 (95% CI: 2.84-4.48). Similarly, Latinx population displayed 1.88 (95% CI: 1.61-2.19) times higher risk of death than white patients.DiscussionIn states providing race and ethnicity data, we identified significant population-level Covid-19 mortality disparities. We demonstrated the importance of adjusting for age differences across population groups to prevent underestimating disparities in younger population groups. The availability of high-quality and comprehensive race and ethnicity data is necessary to address factors contributing to inequity in Covid-19 mortality.
Hypoxia-driven oncometabolite L-2HG maintains “stemness”-differentiation balance and facilitates immune suppression in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gupta Vineet K , Sharma Nikita S , Durden Brittany , Garrido Vanessa T , Kesh Kousik , Edwards Dujon , Wang Dezhen , Myer Ciara , Bhattacharya Sanjay K , Saluja Ashok , Singh Pankaj K , Banerjee Sulagna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) has gained considerable importance in glioma and blood cancers that have mutations in the IDH1/2 gene. In the current study we show for the first time that pancreatic tumors produce 2HG in the absence of IDH1/2 mutation. Our study shows that hypoxic pancreatic tumors that have activated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, produce the L-isoform of 2HG.Metabolic mass spectrometric analysis along with chiral derivatization showed that pancreatic cancer cells as well as stromal cells secrete the L-isomeric form of 2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) when exposed to hypoxic environment. Serum analysis of human pancreatic cancer patients also showed similar accumulation of L-2HG. Our results showed that this abnormally accumulated L-2HG regulates self-renewal by increasing expression of genes associated with stemness (Sox-2, CD133) and by decreasing expression of differentiation genes (Pdx-1, HB9, NKX6.1). Further analysis showed that secreted L-2HG mediates cross talk with immune T-cells and hampers their proliferation and migration thereby suppressing the anti-tumor immunity.In vivotargeting of LDH enzyme with inhibitor (GSK2837808A) showed decrease in L-2HG as well as subsequent tumor regression and sensitization to immune-checkpoint therapy.Present study shows for the first time that hypoxia mediated accumulation of L-2HG drives self-renewal in pancreatic cancer by shifting critical balance of gene expression towards stemness and promotes immune suppression by impairing T cell activation in this disease. Additionally, it indicates that targeting LDH can sensitize pancreatic tumors to anti-PD1 therapy by decreasing L-2HG and reverting their immune evasive function.
Resting state EEG as a biomarker of Parkinson’s disease: Influence of measurement conditions
Authors: Railo Henry , Suuronen Ilkka , Kaasinen Valtteri , Murtojärvi Mika , Pahikkala Tapio , Airola Antti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResting state electroencephalographic (EEG) recording could provide cost-effective means to aid in the detection of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined how many electrodes are needed for classification of PD based on EEG, which electrode locations provide most value for classification, and whether data recorded eyes open or closed yield comparable results. We used a nested cross-validated classifier which included a budget-based search algorithm for selecting the optimal electrodes for classification. By iterating over variable budgets, we show that with eyes open recording, only 10 electrodes, localized over motor and occipital areas enable relatively accurate classification (AUC = .82) between PD patients (N=20) and age-matched healthy control participants (N=20). Classification accuracy only slightly increased when all 64 electrodes were included (AUC = .85). With the data recorded eyes closed, classification was not statistically significantly above chance even with full set of 64 electrodes (AUC = .55). These results show that classification based on small number of EEG electrodes is a promising tool for classifying PD, but measurement conditions and electrode locations can have a significant effect on classifier performance.
Time-dependent roles of adolescent- and adult-born dentate granule neurons in spatial learning
Authors: Masachs Nuria , Charrier Vanessa , Farrugia Fanny , Lemaire Valerie , Mazier Wilfrid , Blin Nicolas , Tronel Sophie , Montaron Marie-Françoise , Ge Shaoyu , Cota Daniela , Deroche-Gamonet Véronique , Herry Cyril , Abrous Djoher Nora 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThe dentate gyrus presents the peculiarity to be formed after birth in rodents. Adolescence is a very sensitive period during which cognitive competences are programmed. We investigated and compared the role of dentate neurons born during adolescence or generated during adulthood. We demonstrated that the ontogenetic stage of dentate neurons in relation to when they are generated dictates their participation in memory processes.
History of childbirths relates to region-specific brain aging patterns in middle and older-aged women
Authors: de Lange Ann-Marie G. , Barth Claudia , Kaufmann Tobias , Anatürk Melis , Suri Sana , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPregnancy involves maternal brain adaptations, but little is known about how parity influences women’s brain aging trajectories later in life. In this study, we replicated previous findings showing less apparent brain aging in women with a history of childbirths, and identified regional brain aging patterns linked to parity in 19,787 middle and older-aged women. Using novel applications of brain-age prediction methods, we found that a higher number of previous childbirths was linked to less apparent brain aging in striatal and limbic regions. The strongest effect was found in the accumbens – a key region in the mesolimbic reward system, which plays an important role in maternal behavior. While only prospective longitudinal studies would be conclusive, our findings indicate that subcortical brain modulations during pregnancy and postpartum may be traceable decades after childbirth.
Machado: open source genomics data integration framework
Authors: de Alvarenga Mudadu Mauricio , Zerlotini Adhemar 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenome projects and multiomics experiments generate huge volumes of data that must be stored, mined and transformed into useful knowledge. All this information is supposed to be accessible and, if possible, browsable afterwards. Computational biologists have been dealing with this scenario for over a decade and have been implementing software libraries, toolkits, platforms, and databases to succeed in this matter. The GMOD’s (Generic Model Organism Database project) biological relational database schema, known asChado, is one of the few successful open source initiatives, it is widely adopted and many softwares are able to connect to it.ResultsWe have been developing an open source software namedMachado(https://github.com/lmb-embrapa/machado), a genomics data integration framework implemented inPython, to enable research groups to both store and browse, query, and visualize genomics data. The framework relies on theChadodatabase schema and, therefore, should be very intuitive for current developers to adopt it or have it running on the top of already existing databases. It has several data loading tools for genomics and transcriptomics data and also for annotation results from tools such asBLAST,InterproScan,OrthoMCLandLSTrAP. There is an API to connect toJBrowseand a web browsing visualisation tool is implemented usingDjango Views and Templates. TheHaystacklibrary integrated with theElasticSearchengine was used to implement a google-like search i.e. single auto-complete search box that provides fast results and incremental filters.ConclusionMachadoaims to be a modern object-relational framework that uses the latestsPythonlibraries to produce an effective open source resource for genomics research.
Enhanced inter-regional coupling of neural responses underlies long-term behavioral priming
Authors: Gotts Stephen J. , Milleville Shawn C. , Martin Alex 
Published: May 2020

SummaryStimulus identification commonly improves with repetition over long delays (“repetition priming”), whereas neural activity commonly decreases (“repetition suppression”). Multiple models have been proposed to explain this brain-behavior relationship, predicting alterations in functional and/or effective connectivity (SynchronyandPredictive Codingmodels), in the latency of neural responses (Facilitationmodel), and in the relative similarity of neural representations (Sharpeningmodel). Here, we test these predictions with fMRI during overt and covert naming of repeated and novel objects. While we find partial support for predictions of the Facilitation and Sharpening models in the left fusiform gyrus and left frontal cortex, the strongest support was observed for the Synchrony model, with increased coupling between right temporoparietal and anterior cingulate cortex for repeated objects that correlated with priming magnitude across participants. Despite overlap with regions showing repetition suppression, increased coupling and repetition suppression varied independently, establishing that they follow from distinct mechanisms.HighlightsTested four prominent neural models of repetition suppression and long-term primingConnectivity analyses supported Synchrony model but not Predictive Coding modelTiming, spatial similarity of responses partially support Facilitation, SharpeningRepetition suppression was independent of coupling, implying distinct mechanismseTOCGotts et al. test four prominent neural models of repetition suppression and behavioral priming. They show that the model with the most support is the Synchrony model: a whole-brain connectivity analysis revealed that temporoparietal cortex has increased coupling with anterior cingulate cortex following repetition, particularly for strongly primed objects.