bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investment–cash flow sensitivity around the crisis: are African firms different?
Authors: Machokoto Michael , Ibeji Ngozi , Chipeta Chimwemwe 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper examines the contentious relationship between investment and cash flow using the 2008–2009 credit supply shock as a form of the quasi-natural experiment.Design/methodology/approachPanel threshold models with unknown sample separation are estimated for a sample of publicly listed firms from nine African countries over the period 2003–2012. Using this approach reduces subjective or ex ante sample-splitting bias that is not accounted for in the extant literature.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that investment–cash flow sensitivity is decreasing even during the global financial crisis (GFC) and for firms more likely to be financially constrained. The authors conclude that the usefulness of investment–cash flow sensitivity as a proxy for financial constraints is diminishing over time, even after directly addressing biases from ex ante subjective sample splitting and various forms of endogeneity.Originality/valueThe authors provide new empirical evidence from sharper tests of financial constraints for understudied African firms and highlight the need to relook at the usefulness of investment–cash flow sensitivity as a proxy of financial constraints.
Does population health influence FDI inflows into Ghana?
Authors: Immurana Mustapha 
Published: December 2020

PurposeGhana is one of the countries instituting several measures toward attracting more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. This is because, FDI is largely viewed as essential to socioeconomic development. However, while population health can influence FDI inflows, it has received very little attention. This study, therefore, investigates empirically, as to focusing on population health could be a useful tool in Ghana’s attempt to attract more FDI inflows.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses time series data on Ghana from 1980 to 2018 to achieve its objective. Life expectancy, death rate, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and incidence of malaria are used as proxies for population health, while the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Square (IV2SLS) regressions are employed as empirical estimation techniques.FindingsUsing the OLS regression, except the incidence of malaria, the study finds all the other population health indicators to significantly influence FDI inflows. However, after controlling for endogeneity using the IV2SLS regression, all population health indicators are found to be significant as regards their effects on FDI inflows.Practical implicationsPaying attention to population health could be an effective strategy that can be employed by policymakers in the quest to get more FDI inflows into Ghana.Originality/valueThis study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study solely devoted to Ghana, which doing so helps in devising country-specific policies with regard to the effect of population health on FDI inflows. Further, this study becomes the first to use death rate, infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate in examining the effect of population health on FDI inflows. Thus, since there are various causes of deaths, using indicators that capture deaths from all factors helps in giving a much broader picture with regard to the FDI population health nexus. Also, this study is the first to use up to five different population health indicators in examining the effect of population health on FDI inflows, which aids in revealing whether FDI is sensitive to the population health indicator used.
Tribology meets sustainability
Authors: Shah Raj , Woydt Mathias , Huq Nabill , Rosenkranz Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a comprehensive perspective on how tribology and sustainability are related and intertwined and are linked to CO2 emissions. This paper emphasizes on how tribological aspects affect everybody’s life and how tribological research and progress can improve energy efficiency, sustainability and quality of life.

Design/methodology/approach
Based upon available data and predictions for the next 50 years, the potential of tribological research and development is addressed.

Findings
The effects of tribological design can significantly increase energy savings and reduce CO2 emissions. Taking advantage of tribological technologies and applying them to current infrastructure would have the largest energy savings coming from the transportation and power generation at 25% and 20%, respectively. Implementing these technologies can also cut down global CO2 emissions by about 1,460 megatons of CO2 per year in the immediate future and 3,140 megatons of CO2 per year in the long term. The extraction and processing of resources inevitably generates CO2. Doubling the lifetime of machine components and the use of circular economy reduces the material footprint with associated reductions in CO2.

Originality/value
This perspective summarizes concisely the interrelation of tribology and sustainability with CO2.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2020-0356/
Funding for start-ups in India: what shakes it?
Authors: Ghosh Saibal 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Using a novel monthly data set, this study aims to examine the factors affecting the funding of Indian start-ups.

Design/methodology/approach
Given the panel structure of the data, the fixed effects regression technique has been used.

Findings
The findings reveal that years of operation is a key factor. Amongst others, angel investors and equity financing are the key drivers of startup financing. Government policy does not appear to have gained adequate traction, although the improvement in the business reform action by state governments has begun to exert a salutary effect.

Practical implications
From a policy standpoint, the study provides insights into what policies and practices can be exploited to streamline the funding bottlenecks affecting startups in the Indian context.

Originality/value
Notwithstanding being a country with a significant presence in the startup space, there are admittedly limited studies, which examine this issue for India. Viewed from this standpoint to the best of the knowledge, the analysis is one of the early studies to shed light on the factors driving the funding of startups in the Indian context.
Data and HIT systems in primary care settings: an analysis of perceptions and use
Authors: Arabadjis Sophia D. , Sullivan Erin E. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeElectronic Health Records (EHRs) and other Health Information Technologies (HITs) pose significant challenges for clinicians, administrators and managers in the field of primary care. While there is an abundance of literature on the challenges of HIT systems in primary care, there are also practices where HITs are well-integrated and useful for care delivery. This study aims to (1) understand how exemplary primary care practices conceptualized data and HIT system use in their care delivery and (2) describe components that support and promote data and HIT system use in care delivery.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a sub-analysis of a larger qualitative data set on exemplary primary care in which data was collected using in-depth interviews, observations, field notes and primary source documents from week-long site visits at each organization. Using a combination of qualitative analysis methods including elements of thematic analysis, discourse analysis, and qualitative comparison analysis, we examined HIT-related data across six exemplary primary care organizations.FindingsThree key components were identified that underlie engagement with data and HIT systems: data audience identification, defined data purpose and structures for participation in both data design and maintenance.Originality/valueWithin the context of primary care, these findings have implications for effective integration of HIT systems into primary care delivery.
Determinants of tourists' length of stay in cultural destination: one-night vs longer stays
Authors: Atsız Ozan , Leoni Veronica , Akova Orhan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically analyze tourists' length of stay in Istanbul, an important cultural destination. The objective of the study is twofold: (1) uncovering the qualitative difference between one-night visitors and longer stay visitors and (2) for those visitors staying longer at the tourism destination, investigating the key determinants of length of stay.Design/methodology/approachThis research was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to international tourists who were about to leave the destination. To perform the analysis, we applied a two-step approach: first, we opted for classical binary logit to investigate the tourists' group membership (one-night vs longer stays); second, we applied a zero-truncated Poisson model for uncovering the drivers of length of stay for longer stay visitors.FindingsThe results confirmed the structural difference between the two visitor subgroups. Moreover, we found a positive impact of cultural attributes on tourists' length of stay.Practical implicationsThe findings provide useful information for destination managers and planners, highlighting the importance of designing different tourism policies in light of tourists' heterogeneity. Moreover, the results confirmed the importance of the preservation and promotion of cultural attributes, given that these are a key factor in determining the success of a destination.Originality/valueThe importance and originality of this study are that it explores the impact of cultural/heritage attributes of the destination on tourists' length of stay. Moreover, it sheds light on the qualitative difference between short- and long-stay visitors.
Can store image moderate the influence of religiosity level on shopping orientation and customers’ behavior in Indonesia?
Authors: Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Ula Ulfa Fadilatul , Sukmana Raditya 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of religiosity level on the shopping orientation and behavior of Muslim customers and how to store image moderates this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a positive approach and partial least square analysis technique on samples of Muslim customers in major cities in Indonesia, who have purchased products in the Syariah supermarket such as Sakinah Supermarket and 212 supermarkets at least twice within the past three months. The sampling method used in this study is convenience sampling, with a total of 117 respondents.

Findings
The results reveal that religiosity level significantly affects the Muslim customers’ shopping orientation subsequently impacts consumer shopping behavior. The result is in line with the rising trend by a society that begins to define successful businesses that touch upon the spiritual aspects of the shoppers. Customers with higher religiosity prefer higher quality products and customers who have lesser levels of religiosity establish different shopping characteristics and behavior. This eventually forms an orientation in shopping behavior. Furthermore, it is found that the store image significantly strengthens the influence of the impact of shopping orientations on Muslim customers’ behavior.

Practical implications
Marketers can increase the image of Islamic stores by implementing the principle of a smile, greeting, address to every customer who shops, managing the cashier queue to prevent ikhtilath (meeting between men and women) and adding decorations and calligraphy ornaments. Marketers can create membership cards, posters or billboards about the products that are being discounted or promoted to increase customer numbers image enhancement.

Originality/value
This study used specific variables that represent religiosity in the retail sector. It offers an analysis of how Muslim customers’ religiosity can affect their shopping orientation and behavior. The study is conducted in Indonesia, where research on this topic is still limited.
Cultivating a global professional learning network through a blended-learning program – Levers and barriers to success
Authors: Tulowitzki Pierre 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis article reports on a study around a further education, blended-learning program aiming to establish globally active professional learning networks (PLNs). The questions guiding the research were: (1) What levers and barriers to establishing viable networks are identified by its members? (2) What – if any – indications of knowledge transfer within the networks can be identified?Design/methodology/approachThe networking aspect of the study program was analyzed using semi-structured interviews with its recent participants and graduates (n = 22), with the objective of gaining insights into elements that supported the creation and maintenance of a global, student-centered network and community in the program. Additionally, a document analysis of the master theses of all participants since the start of the program (n = 96) was undertaken to look for indications of knowledge transfers from one cultural and/or geographical setting to another.FindingsBlending online exchanges with face-to-face exchanges was seen as helpful in establishing a sustainable network. Additionally, having a low-barrier communication platform where it was socially acceptable to not only communicate about professional but also informal matters was described by virtually all participants as a promoting exchange and cohesion. Furthermore, about a fifth of all analyzed master theses contained indications of knowledge transfer, with instances of incorporating models or concepts from other contexts being the most prominent occurrence.Originality/valueThe findings offer insights into establishing sustainable blended-learning networks. They elaborate on key elements that supported and hindered the creation and viability of such networks. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of formal but also informal spaces for exchange.
Key performance indicators disclosure in the context of the EU directive: when does stakeholder pressure matter?
Authors: Krasodomska Joanna , Zarzycka Ewelina 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The paper aims to explore the effect of stakeholder pressure on the disclosure of key performance indicators (KPIs) and the patterns of this disclosure in large public interest entities (PIEs).

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on the content analysis of the disclosures provided by 169 large (PIEs) operating in Poland in 2019. The data was hand-collected from the companies’ non-financial statements. The research hypotheses were empirically tested with the use of linear regression.

Findings
The explanation for the disclosure of KPIs can be found in stakeholder theory, operationalized by stakeholder pressure linked to industry. In line with the expectations, business-related KPIs are disclosed by companies operating in industries with high pressure from investors, environment-related KPIs are presented by companies operating in environmentally sensitive industries and companies operating in industries with high pressure from employees disclose society-related KPIs. According to the results of the study, reporting on employee-related KPIs is accompanied by environmental and social KPI disclosures.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature on corporate non-financial disclosures as it provides new insights into non-financial KPI disclosures in a new and relatively unexplored institutional setting established by the Directive 2014/95/EU. While researchers recognize the stakeholders’ environmental and social concerns, there is nevertheless a lack of understanding of their implications for KPIs in measuring social practice. The research fills that gap by addressing the specific impact of different stakeholder groups on the disclosure of KPIs.
Modes of governance for market entry by international franchisors: factors affecting the choice
Authors: Hoffman Richard , Watson Sharon , Kher Hemant 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide an empirical test of an existing theoretical model depicting the governance modes used by international franchisors when entering international markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing a unique panel data set of 222 market expansions by US firms over a seven-year period, this paper tests hypotheses regarding the factors affecting the franchisors’ choice of governance modes when entering foreign markets.FindingsFranchisors use governance modes with lower levels of control when faced with environmental uncertainties due to corruption, economic downturns and when the geographic distance is large. Moreover, the franchise system assets and its local market assets also affect the choice of governance modes.Practical implicationsFirms need to balance the costs of environmental uncertainty with the need to safeguard the firm’s capabilities and resources using governance modes with appropriate levels of control. This balance changes as the franchise company gains more experience in the local market and as once-emerging markets continue to develop.Originality/valueThis research identified additional governance modes used by franchisors compared to previous studies. Using multiple theoretical perspectives, the study supported significant portions of the Jell-Ojobor and Windsperger (2014) model of franchisor governance mode choice.
The relationship between social interactions, trust, business network, external knowledge access and performance: a study of SMEs in Ghana
Authors: Boateng Henry , Ampong George Oppong Appiagyei , Adam Diyawu Rahman , Ofori Kwame Simpe , Hinson Robert Ebo 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social interaction ties, trust and business networks in the acquisition of foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. It also assesses the effect of these types of knowledge on small and medium enterprises’ (SME) export performance. Furthermore, this study determines the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign business knowledge, foreign institutional knowledge and export performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a survey research design using data from nontraditional SME exporters in Ghana. There were 257 respondents who were employees (managers/owners) of SMEs in Ghana. The model was analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings
Social interaction ties, trust and business networks have a significant effect on the acquisition of foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. Furthermore, foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge have a significant positive effect on export performance. The path between foreign business knowledge and export performance is also moderated by absorptive capacity. However, the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign institutional knowledge and export performance is not significant.

Originality
This study uses social capital to explain how SMEs acquire foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge, and how both affect SMEs’ export performance. Furthermore, it tests the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign business knowledge, foreign institutional knowledge and export performance.
Reform State Taxes to Increase Productivity
Authors: Freebairn John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA larger and more productive economy would facilitate the reduction of COVID‐19 government deficits and their future repayment. Reform of state taxes is among the low‐hanging fruit to include in a broad supply‐side agenda to increase national productivity. Approximate aggregate revenue neutral reform packages to reduce tax distortions and improve productivity are discussed for state taxes on property, payroll and motor vehicles.
Repeatability and reproducibility of the color contrast technique for fingermark age estimation applications
Authors: De Alcaraz‐Fossoul Josep , Einfalt Mallory R. , Dean Emily R. , Vynalek Ryan W. , Chavez Alexandra , Roberts Katherine A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research complements previous studies in which color contrast between ridges and furrows of latent fingermarks was investigated as a potential aging parameter. In this case, the robustness of the technique has been tested by including five female and five male donors who deposited sebaceous‐rich latent fingermarks onto ceramic tile and polystyrene plastic as well as flat and rolled inked fingerprints on commercially available ten‐print cards. Fresh latent fingermarks were visualized with either carbon black or titanium dioxide powder (TiO2) and inked fingerprints were imprinted in succession without re‐charging ink. The mean intensity (MI) and intensity amplitude (IA) metrics of the color histogram were collected from each image for statistical analyses. The goals were to detect any differences within and between the analysts’ own interpretation of the protocol as well as examine how color contrast may be influenced by donor, substrate, biological sex, powder type, and the quantity of ink deposited. Results show that the color contrast metrics (MI and IA) are repeatable and reproducible and not affected significantly by donor, sex, deposition pressure, or distortion. However, the metrics were sufficiently sensitive to distinguish substrate and powder types and to detect different quantities of ink. The statistical analyses confirm and expand upon previous observations regarding the reliability of MI and IA as metrics that could eventually be used to estimate the age of a latent fingermark. At the same time, it was revealed that the technique needs further improvement and standardization by including a universal “white color standard” to conduct image comparisons.
Determinants of mental health outcomes among people with and without diabetes during the COVID‐19 outbreak in the Arab Gulf Region
Authors: Al‐Sofiani Mohammed E. , Albunyan Sarah , Alguwaihes Abdullah M. , Kalyani Rita R. , Golden Sherita Hill , Alfadda Assim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among people with and without diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study collecting demographic and mental health data from 2166 participants living in the Arab Gulf region (568 with diabetes, 1598 without diabetes). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms were 61% and 45%, in people with diabetes (PWD) and 62% and 44%, respectively, in people without diabetes. PWD who have had their diabetes visit canceled by the clinic were more likely to report depression and anxiety symptoms than those without diabetes (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.37 [1.02, 1.84] and 1.37 [1.04, 1.80], for depression and anxiety; respectively). PWD who had no method of telecommunication with their health care providers (HCP) during the pandemic, PWD with A1C of ≥ 10%, women, employees (particularly HCPs), students, unmarried individuals, and those with lower income were more likely to report depression and/or anxiety symptoms (all P < 0.01). Fear of acquiring the coronavirus infection; running out of diabetes medications; or requiring hospitalization for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis; and lack of telecommunication with HCPs were all associated with significantly higher odds of having depression and anxiety symptoms among PWD.ConclusionsThe remarkably high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly among subgroups of PWD, calls for urgent public health policies to address mental health during the pandemic and reestablish health care access for PWD.