bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition beyond the first 1000 days: diet quality and 7-year change in BMI and overweight in 3-year old children from the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort
Authors: Vinke Petra C. , Luitjens Milou H. H. S. , Blijleven Karlien A. , Navis Gerjan , Kromhout Daan , Corpeleijn Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe identification of early-life determinants of overweight is crucial to start early prevention. As weight gain accelerates between 2 and 6 years, we studied the association between diet quality in children aged 3 years and the change in BMI and overweight incidence in the following 7 years. From the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort, 1001 children born in 2006 or 2007 with complete data on diet (food frequency questionnaire at the age of 3 years) and growth at the age of 3 and 10 years were included. Diet quality was estimated with the evidence-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Measured height and weight at the age of 3 and 10 years were used to calculate BMI z-scores standardized for age and sex. The associations of the LLDS (in quintiles) with BMI-z change and overweight incidence were studied with linear and logistic regression analyses. Overweight prevalence in the total study population increased from 8.3% at the age of 3 years to 16.7% at the age of 10 years. The increase in overweight prevalence ranged from 14.7% in Q1 to 3.5% in Q5. Children with a better diet quality (higher quintiles of LLDS) increased significantly less in BMI-z (confounder adjusted βLLDS = −0.064 (−0.101; −0.026)). Children with a poor diet quality at the age of 3 years had a considerably higher risk for overweight at the age of 10 years (confounder adjusted OR for Q1 vs. Q5 was 2.86 (95% CI 1.34–6.13). These results show the importance of diet in healthy development in the early life following the first 1000 days when new habits for a mature diet composed of food groups with lifelong importance are developed, providing a relevant window for overweight prevention early in life.
Simultaneous In Situ Determination of Pb Isotope Ratios and Trace Element Concentrations in Melt Inclusions by LASS‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Zhang Le , Qian Sheng‐Ping , Li Nan , Hong Lu‐Bing , Zhang Yan‐Qiang , Ren Zhong‐Yuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMelt inclusions provide unique insights into magmatic sources and processes. This study presents a method for simultaneously measuring Pb isotopes and trace elements in melt inclusions using a 193 nm excimer laser ablation system coupled to a multiple‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (MC‐ICP‐MS) and a sector‐field ICP‐MS (SF‐ICP‐MS). The ablated aerosol was split with a Y‐shaped connector into two gas streams, which were simultaneously transported into two mass spectrometers. Lead isotopes were measured on the MC‐ICP‐MS, while trace element concentrations were determined on the SF‐ICP‐MS. Little analytical bias was observed when the aerosol is divided into variable proportions (5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2–9:1) to the two instruments. The precision and accuracy of this method were evaluated by analyzing five geological reference glasses with two laser spot diameters (33, and 45 μm). All the 33 measured trace element concentrations are consistent with the reference values (±10%) and have precisions less than 15% (2RSD). The precisions of the 208Pb/206Pb, and 207Pb/206Pb ratios correlate with Pb concentrations. From BHVO‐2G (Pb = 1.6 ppm) to TB‐1G (Pb = 16.1 ppm), the precision on these ratios improve from about 0.4%–0.2% with a 33 μm laser spot diameter. The mean Pb isotope ratios for the five reference glasses are within 0.15% of the reference values. Using our new method, Pb isotope ratios and trace element contents of plagioclase‐hosted melt inclusions in a mid‐ocean ridge basalt from the Indian Ocean were measured.
Exploring the Cloud Top Phase Partitioning in Different Cloud Types Using Active and Passive Satellite Sensors
Authors: Bruno Olimpia , Hoose Corinna , Storelvmo Trude , Coopman Quentin , Stengel Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the largest uncertainties in numerical weather prediction and climate models is the representation of mixed‐phase clouds. With the aim of understanding how the supercooled liquid fraction (SLF) in clouds with temperature from −40°C to 0°C is related to temperature, geographical location, and cloud type, our analysis contains a comparison of four satellite‐based datasets (one derived from active and three from passive satellite sensors), and focuses on SLF distribution near‐globally, but also stratified by latitude and continental/maritime regions. Despite the warm bias in cloud top temperature of the passive sensor compared to the active sensor and the phase mismatch in collocated data, all datasets indicate, at the same height‐level, an increase of SLF with cloud optical thickness, and generally larger SLF in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere (up to about 20% difference), with the exception of continental low‐level clouds, for which the opposite is true.
ICESat‐2 Meltwater Depth Estimates: Application to Surface Melt on Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Fricker Helen Amanda , Arndt Philipp , Brunt Kelly M. , Datta Rajashree Tri , Fair Zachary , Jasinski Michael F. , Kingslake Jonathan , Magruder Lori A. , Moussavi Mahsa , Pope Allen , Spergel Julian J. , Stoll Jeremy D. , Wouters Bert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface melting occurs during summer on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, but the volume of stored surface meltwater has been difficult to quantify due to a lack of accurate depth estimates. NASA's ICESat‐2 laser altimeter brings a new capability: photons penetrate water and are reflected from both the water and the underlying ice; the difference provides a depth estimate. ICESat‐2 sampled Amery Ice Shelf on January 2, 2019 and showed double returns from surface depressions, indicating meltwater. For four melt features, we compared depth estimates from eight algorithms: six based on ICESat‐2 and two from coincident Landsat‐8 and Sentinel‐2 imagery. All algorithms successfully identified surface water at the same locations. Algorithms based on ICESat‐2 produced the most accurate depths; the image‐based algorithms underestimated depths (by 30%–70%). This implies that ICESat‐2 depths can be used to tune image‐based algorithms, moving us closer to quantifying stored meltwater volumes across Antarctica and Greenland.
Impacts of Large‐Scale Sahara Solar Farms on Global Climate and Vegetation Cover
Authors: Lu Zhengyao , Zhang Qiong , Miller Paul A. , Zhang Qiang , Berntell Ellen , Smith Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale photovoltaic solar farms envisioned over the Sahara desert can meet the world's energy demand while increasing regional rainfall and vegetation cover. However, adverse remote effects resulting from atmospheric teleconnections could offset such regional benefits. We use state‐of‐the‐art Earth‐system model simulations to evaluate the global impacts of Sahara solar farms. Our results indicate a redistribution of precipitation causing Amazon droughts and forest degradation, and global surface temperature rise and sea‐ice loss, particularly over the Arctic due to increased polarward heat transport, and northward expansion of deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere. We also identify reduced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Niño variability and enhanced tropical cyclone activity. Comparison to proxy inferences for a wetter and greener Sahara ∼6,000 years ago appears to substantiate these results. Understanding these responses within the Earth system provides insights into the site selection concerning any massive deployment of solar energy in the world's deserts.
Hydrogen Wettability of Sandstone Reservoirs: Implications for Hydrogen Geo‐Storage
Authors: Iglauer Stefan , Ali Muhammad , Keshavarz Alireza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrogen is currently assessed as a future clean fuel in a hydrogen economy. However, one key problem with implementing a full‐scale hydrogen economy is hydrogen storage (as hydrogen is highly compressible and volatile). One solution for this problem is hydrogen geo‐storage, where compressed hydrogen is injected into geological formations, and the hydrogen can be withdrawn again at any time. However, there is a serious lack of data for realistic geologic conditions, including for hydrogen‐rock wettability, which is proven to determine injectivities, withdrawal rates, storage capacities, and containment security. We thus measured this parameter at various geo‐storage conditions. For a realistic storage scenario in a deep sandstone aquifer, we found that the rock (quartz) was weakly water‐wet or intermediate‐wet. Increasing pressure, temperature, and organic surface concentration increased hydrogen wettability. This study, thus, provides fundamental data and aids in the industrial‐scale implementation of a future hydrogen economy.
The Northwestern Pacific Warming Record in August 2020 Occurred Under Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Hayashi Michiya , Shiogama Hideo , Emori Seita , Ogura Tomoo , Hirota Nagio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn August 2020, the northwestern Pacific (NWPac; 120°E‐180°E, 20°N‐35°N) experienced its highest sea surface temperature (SST). Although the NWPac Ocean has warmed due to human‐induced greenhouse forcing since the mid‐20th century, the extent to which historical anthropogenic effects increase the occurrence probability of such regionally unprecedented warm temperatures is unclear. In this study, using state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we estimate that the August 2020 record high SST in the NWPac likely occurred once per 12–18 years in 2001–2020 owing to historical anthropogenic forcing, and this record SST unlikely occurred without human influences. In the 20th century, anthropogenic effects on the NWPac SST were not distinguishable from internal variability since warming caused by greenhouse gases was largely canceled by aerosol cooling. Furthermore, the 2020 warm SST is projected to be the new normal by 2031–2050, or even if the 2.0°C goal of the Paris Agreement is achieved.
Imaging the Source Region of the 2015 Phreatic Eruption at Owakudani, Hakone Volcano, Japan, Using High‐Density Audio‐Frequency Magnetotellurics
Authors: Seki K. , Kanda W. , Mannen K. , Takakura S. , Koyama T. , Noguchi R. , Yukutake Y. , Ishikawa M. , Fukai M. , Harada M. , Abe Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince phreatic eruptions often occur near the surface, it is important to understand the shallow subsurface structure of a volcano to clarify the eruption mechanism. The 2015 phreatic eruption at Owakudani, Hakone Volcano, Japan, was preceded by localized uplift and intensified steam activity. However, the cause of these events is unknown due to a poor understanding of the shallow subsurface structure. We report on a three‐dimensional resistivity structure inferred from dense audio‐frequency magnetotelluric surveys conducted in Owakudani that revealed a ∼100‐m thick conductive layer at the surface underlain by a resistive section, at the edge of which eruptions craters were located. This conductive layer is estimated to be a low‐permeability cap layer, because the inflation source prior to the eruption is located beneath it and the ejecta from the eruption was reported to have originated from a depth of 100 m or less.
Revisiting the Behavior of the E‐Region Electron Temperature During Strong Electric Field Events at High Latitudes
Authors: St‐Maurice J.‐P. , Goodwin L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rich data set acquired during a long‐lived strong electric field event by the north‐facing Resolute Bay incoherent scatter radar confirms and strengthens conclusions previously drawn from several less comprehensive studies of E‐region electron heating by large amplitude Farley‐Buneman waves. For the exceptionally abundant set of very good quality data we uncovered, the E‐region electron temperature response to strong ambient electric fields is described very accurately by a simple linear function of the electric field at 110 and 117 km altitudes. The linear dependence starts at 40 mV/m and shows no hint of deviating from the linear response up to 150 mV/m (the maximum electric field observed during this event). Based on this new evidence, we have revisited previous E‐region electron temperature observations from various altitudes and have built a model that is consistent with present and past observations. The model is made of simple linear variations in the electron temperature with slopes that depend on altitude. It should prove to be a useful reference for anyone interested in the E‐region electron temperature anywhere between 100 and 120 km altitudes.
Compaction Banding in High‐Porosity Carbonate Rocks: 2. A Gradient‐Dependent Plasticity Model
Authors: Abdallah Youssouf , Sulem Jean , Stefanou Ioannis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on the experimental study on Saint‐Maximin limestone presented in a companion paper (Abdallah et al., 2020), a gradient‐dependent plasticity model is developed to account for the key role of porosity heterogeneity in the formation and propagation of compaction bands. The constitutive law, developed in the frame of a micromorphic continuum theory, contains two hardening variables: the porosity and its second gradient. A calibration method for the additional micromechanical parameters is proposed. Data from the companion paper are used in a four‐step calibration procedure. First, the standard Cauchy component is calibrated by means of the macroscopic stress‐strain curves. An Asymmetric Cam‐Clay (ACC) model is adopted for the yield surface. The dominant wavelength of the porosity heterogeneity of the material is evaluated by applying the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) on several porosity profiles obtained on samples before loading. This wavelength is interpreted as the material length that appears in the model. In addition to the deformation maps computed from digital volume correlation (DVC), a method that evaluates the second gradient of porosity is developed to calibrate the hardening laws. A linear stability analysis (LSA) is performed to calibrate the higher‐order elastic modulus. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite element code, and triaxial loading experiments are simulated. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental data in terms of the onset of compaction bands, their thickness, and plastic strain. The size effect of the sample is explored, and a regular band spacing, comparable to the band thickness, is obtained.
The LMARS Based Shallow‐Water Dynamical Core on Generic Gnomonic Cubed‐Sphere Geometry
Authors: Chen Xi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapidly increasing computing powers allow global atmospheric simulations with aggressively high resolutions, challenging traditional model design principles. This study presents a Low Mach number Approximate Riemann Solver (LMARS) based unstaggered finite‐volume model for solving the shallow‐water equations on arbitrary gnomonic cubed‐sphere grids. Using a novel reference line‐based grid‐generation process, it unifies the representation of arbitrary gnomonic cubed‐sphere grid projections and permits high‐efficiency 1D reconstruction in the halo regions. The numerical discretization also extends a widely used pressure gradient algorithm with the LMARS viscous term, thus improves the model's stability for various numerical applications. The solver demonstrates a broad range of organic diffusion control without any explicit filters, validated by a comprehensive set of test cases. Lastly, a newly introduced splash on the sphere test verifies the solver's desirable dispersion properties and consistent performance among different grid types. This study paves a solid foundation for a new generation of global circulation models with kilometer horizontal scales.
Assessing Streamflow Sensitivity to Precipitation Variability in Karst‐Influenced Catchments With Unclosed Water Balances
Authors: Liu Yan , Wagener Thorsten , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKarst hydrological models are widely used for simulating groundwater dynamics at the aquifer scale. However, modeling streamflow of a topographic catchment that is partially covered by karst is rarely reported. This absence is due to difficulties of properly considering the strong differences of karstic and nonkarstic hydrodynamics and the widespread occurrence of unclosed water balances in karstic regions due to intercatchment groundwater flow (IGF). In this study, we present a new approach that uses hydrological signatures to identify important natural processes and appropriate model structures for the simulation of karst‐influenced catchments. We account for karstic IGF and apply our approach to six karst‐influenced catchments in Europe and the Middle East. We estimate the contributions of karstic and nonkarstic parts to the total streamflow sensitivity. With different model structures identified at different sites, our approach reduces water balance errors by 18% and reduces the root mean squared error by 20% for catchments where the IGF is deemed important. We find that IGF modifies the contribution of karstic areas to the total streamflow sensitivity. The total streamflow sensitivity increases under gaining conditions and decreases under losing conditions for catchments with larger karstic discharge elasticity, while it shows the converse change for catchments with smaller karstic discharge elasticity. Modeling streamflow at karst‐influenced catchments requires the consideration of differences between karstic and nonkarstic areas, and the IGF matters for catchments with unclosed water balances.
The plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, plays a role in inflammation and fibrinolysis during cutaneous wound healing in mice
Authors: Ny Lina , Parmer Robert J. , Shen Yue , Holmberg Sandra , Baik Nagyung , Bäckman Assar , Broden Jessica , Wilczynska Malgorzata , Ny Tor , Miles Lindsey A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWound healing is a complex physiologic process that proceeds in overlapping, sequential steps. Plasminogen promotes fibrinolysis and potentiates the inflammatory response during wound healing. We have tested the hypothesis that the novel plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, regulates key steps in wound healing. Standardized burn wounds were induced in mice and time dependence of wound closure was quantified. Healing in Plg-RKT−/− mice was significantly delayed during the proliferation phase. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was dysregulated in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Consistent with dysregulated cytokine expression, a significant delay in wound healing during the proliferation phase was observed in mice in which Plg-RKT was specifically deleted in myeloid cells. Following wound closure, the epidermal thickness was less in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Paradoxically, deletion of Plg-RKT, specifically in keratinocytes, significantly accelerated the rate of healing during the proliferation phase. Mechanistically, only two genes were upregulated in Plg-RKT−/− compared with Plg-RKT+/+ wound tissue, filaggrin, and caspase 14. Both filaggrin and caspase 14 promote epidermal differentiation and decrease proliferation, consistent with more rapid wound closure and decreased epidermal thickness during the remodeling phase. Fibrin clearance was significantly impaired in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Genetic reduction of fibrinogen levels to 50% completely abrogated the effect of Plg-RKT deletion on the healing of burn wounds. Remarkably, the effects of Plg-RKT deletion on cytokine expression were modulated by reducing fibrinogen levels. In summary, Plg-RKT is a new regulator participating in different phases of cutaneous burn wound healing, which coordinately plays a role in the interrelated responses of inflammation, keratinocyte migration, and fibrinolysis.
NF-κB-mediated lncRNA AC007271.3 promotes carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-125b-2-3p/Slug
Authors: Zheng Ze-nan , Huang Guang-zhao , Wu Qing-qing , Ye Heng-yu , Zeng Wei-sen , Lv Xiao-zhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer. The molecular mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood. Our previous studies confirmed that dysregulated function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AC007271.3 was associated with a poor prognosis and overexpression of AC007271.3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms of AC007271.3 dysregulation remained obscure. In this study, our investigation showed that AC007271.3 functioned as competing endogenous RNA by binding to miR-125b-2-3p and by destabilizing primary miR-125b-2, resulted in the upregulating expression of Slug, which is a direct target of miR-125b-2-3p. Slug also inhibited the expression of E-cadherin but N-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin had no obvious change. The expression of AC007271.3 was promoted by the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that the classical NF-κB pathway-activated AC007271.3 regulates EMT by miR-125b-2-3p/Slug/E-cadherin axis to promote the development of OSCC, implicating it as a novel potential target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.
PSTPIP2 inhibits cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Zhu Hong , Jiang Wenjuan , Zhao Huizi , He Changsheng , Tang Xiaohan , Xu Songbing , Xu Chuanting , Feng Rui , Li Jun , Ma Taotao , Huang Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCisplatin (CP) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of various solid tumours. However, CP nephrotoxicity is an important limitation for CP use; currently, there is no method to ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, we identified a specific role of proline–serine–threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) in cisplatin-induced AKI. PSTPIP2 was reported to play an important role in a variety of diseases. However, the functions of PSTPIP2 in experimental models of cisplatin-induced AKI have not been extensively studied. The present study demonstrated that cisplatin downregulated the expression of PSTPIP2 in the kidney tissue. Administration of AAV-PSTPIP2 or epithelial cell-specific overexpression of PSTPIP2 reduced cisplatin-induced kidney dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Small interfering RNA-based knockdown of PSTPIP2 expression abolished PSTPIP2 regulation of epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Histone acetylation may impact gene expression at the epigenetic level, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were reported to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The UCSC database was used to predict that acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) induces binding to the PSTPIP2 promoter, and this prediction was validated by a ChIP assay. Interestingly, an HDAC-specific inhibitor (TSA) was sufficient to potently upregulate PSTPIP2 in epithelial cells. Histone acetylation-mediated silencing of PSTPIP2 may contribute to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. PSTPIP2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.