bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection cushions of Fusarium graminearum are fungal arsenals for wheat infection
Authors: Mentges Michael , Glasenapp Anika , Boenisch Marike , Malz Sascha , Henrissat Bernard , Frandsen Rasmus J.N. , Güldener Ulrich , Münsterkötter Martin , Bormann Jörg , Lebrun Marc‐Henri , Schäfer Wilhelm , Martinez‐Rocha Ana Lilia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide, causing fusarium head blight (FHB) on cereals. F. graminearum colonizes wheat plant surfaces with specialized unbranched hyphae called runner hyphae (RH), which develop multicelled complex appressoria called infection cushions (IC). IC generate multiple penetration sites, allowing the fungus to enter the plant cuticle. Complex infection structures are typical for several economically important plant pathogens, yet with unknown molecular basis. In this study, RH and IC formed on the surface of wheat paleae were isolated by laser capture microdissection. RNA‐Seq‐based transcriptomic analyses were performed on RH and IC and compared to mycelium grown in complete medium (MY). Both RH and IC displayed a high number of infection up‐regulated genes (982), encoding, among others, carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes: 140), putative effectors (PE: 88), or secondary metabolism gene clusters (SMC: 12 of 67 clusters). RH specifically up‐regulated one SMC corresponding to aurofusarin biosynthesis, a broad activity antibiotic. IC specifically up‐regulated 248 genes encoding mostly putative virulence factors such as 7 SMC, including the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and the newly identified fusaoctaxin A, 33 PE, and 42 CAZymes. Furthermore, we studied selected candidate virulence factors using cellular biology and reverse genetics. Hence, our results demonstrate that IC accumulate an arsenal of proven and putative virulence factors to facilitate the invasion of epidermal cells.
Live‐imaging of revertant and therapeutically restored dystrophin in the DmdEGFP‐mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Petkova M. V. , Stantzou A. , Morin A. , Petrova O. , Morales‐Gonzalez S. , Seifert F. , Bellec‐Dyevre J. , Manoliu T. , Goyenvalle A. , Garcia L. , Richard I. , Laplace‐Builhé C. , Schuelke M. , Amthor H. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDmdmdx, harbouring the c.2983C>T nonsense mutation in Dmd exon 23, is a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), frequently used to test therapies aimed at dystrophin restoration. Current translational research is methodologically hampered by the lack of a reporter mouse model, which would allow direct visualization of dystrophin expression as well as longitudinal in vivo studies.MethodsWe generated a DmdEGFP‐mdx reporter allele carrying in cis the mdx‐23 mutation and a C‐terminal EGFP‐tag. This mouse model allows direct visualization of spontaneously and therapeutically restored dystrophin‐EGFP fusion protein either after natural fibre reversion, or for example, after splice modulation using tricyclo‐DNA to skip Dmd exon 23, or after gene editing using AAV‐encoded CRISPR/Cas9 for Dmd exon 23 excision.ResultsIntravital microscopy in anaesthetized mice allowed live‐imaging of sarcolemmal dystrophin‐EGFP fusion protein of revertant fibres as well as following therapeutic restoration. Dystrophin‐EGFP‐fluorescence persisted ex vivo, allowing live‐imaging of revertant and therapeutically restored dystrophin in isolated fibres ex vivo. Expression of the shorter dystrophin‐EGFP isoforms Dp71 in the brain, Dp260 in the retina, and Dp116 in the peripheral nerve remained unabated by the mdx‐23 mutation.ConclusionIntravital imaging of DmdEGFP‐mdx muscle permits novel experimental approaches such as the study of revertant and therapeutically restored dystrophin in vivo and ex vivo.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac vagal tone in type 1 diabetes correlates with gut transit times and motility index
Authors: Wegeberg Anne‐Marie L. , Brock Christina , Ejskjaer Niels , Karmisholt Jesper S. , Jakobsen Poul‐Erik , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Brock Birgitte , Farmer Adam D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in diabetes, they frequently do not correlate with measurable sensorimotor abnormalities. The wireless motility capsule (WMC) measures pressure, temperature, and pH as it traverses the GI tract wherefrom transit times and motility indices are derived. The aim was to investigate whether GI symptoms correlate with changes in (a) segmental transit times, (b) segmental motility index, (c) cardiac vagal tone, or (d) presence/absence of peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes.MethodsGastrointestinal symptoms in 104 participants with type 1 diabetes were measured using Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. All underwent standardized WMC investigation measuring segmental transit time and motility. Cardiac vagal tone and presence of peripheral neuropathy were measured using electrocardiographic and nerve conduction velocity testing.Key ResultsColonic transit time was correlated with postprandial fullness (P = .01) and constipation (P = .03), while decreased colonic motility index was correlated with diarrhea (P = .01) and decreased bloating (P < .05). Symptoms were not correlated with gastric or small bowel transit time or motility index. In participants with low cardiac vagal tone, gastric motility index (P < .01) and colonic transit time (P < .05) were increased, but not in those with peripheral neuropathy. Abdominal pain was decreased with both peripheral neuropathy (P = .04) and decreased cardiac vagal tone (P = .02).Conclusions and InferencesThis study supports the rationale for whole gut investigation, using not only transit times but incorporating contractility indices as well. Furthermore, a decreased parasympathetic modulation and an increased hyposensate state appear to be present in type 1 diabetes.
Bile reflux in patients with nerd is associated with more severe heartburn and lower values of mean nocturnal baseline impedance and chemical clearance
Authors: de Bortoli Nicola , Gyawali C. Prakash , Frazzoni Marzio , Tolone Salvatore , Frazzoni Leonardo , Vichi Eleonora , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Bellini Massimo , Marabotto Elisa , Penagini Roberto , Savarino Vincenzo , Marchi Santino , Savarino Edoardo V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index are novel impedance‐based markers of reflux, but the effect of bile reflux on these metrics is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate bile reflux, MNBI, and PSPW index in patients with endoscopy‐negative GERD partially responsive to PPI therapy.MethodsAll patients underwent off‐PPI endoscopy, esophageal manometry, multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (MII‐pH), and bile reflux monitoring. Abnormal esophageal acid exposure time (AET) was required for inclusion. Symptom intensity (using 10‐cm visual analog scales), and conventional and novel MII‐pH metrics were compared between patients with and without abnormal bile reflux.Key ResultsWe evaluated 42 NERD patients (29 males, mean age: 53.4 ± 13. years), mean AET 6.1 ± 2%, of which 21 had abnormal bile reflux (Group A, 10.2 ± 4.9%), and 21 had normal bile reflux (Group B, 0.4 ± 0.1%, P < .05 compared with Group A). Heartburn reporting on PPI was higher in Group A (7.2 ± 2.1 vs 5.8 ± 0.9; P = .002), but AET, number of reflux events (acidic and weakly acidic), did not differ between the two groups. However, both PSPW index and MNBI were lower in Group A (P < .001). A strong inverse linear correlation was found between bile reflux and both MNBI (Pearson's test; R = −0.714; P < .001) and PSPW index (R = −0.722; P < .001).Conclusions and InferencesCompared to acid reflux alone, the presence of bile in an acidic esophageal environment is associated with more severe heartburn, lesser relief from PPI therapy, higher impairment of esophageal mucosal integrity and less effective chemical clearance.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Black‐Maier Eric , Rehorn Michael , Loungani Rahul , Friedman Daniel J. , Alenezi Fawaz , Geurink Kyle , Pokorney Sean D. , Daubert James P. , Sun Albert Y. , Atwater Brett D. , Jackson Kevin P. , Hegland Donald D. , Thomas Kevin L. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Khouri Michel G. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac amyloidosis is a progressive infiltrative disease involving deposition of amyloid fibrils in the myocardium and cardiac conduction system that frequently manifests with heart failure (HF) and arrhythmias, most frequently atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), and atrial tachycardia (AT).MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of cardiac amyloid who underwent catheter ablation at our institution between January 1, 2011 and December 1, 2018. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were determined by manual chart review.ResultsA total of 13 catheter ablations were performed over the study period in patients with cardiac amyloidosis, including 10 AT/AF/AFL ablations and three atrioventricular nodal ablations. Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower at the time of AV node ablation than catheter ablation of AT/AF/AFL (23% vs 40%, P = .003). Cardiac amyloid was diagnosed based on the results of preablation cardiac MRI results in the majority of patients (n = 7, 70%). The HV interval was prolonged at 60 ± 15 ms and did not differ significantly between AV nodal ablation patients and AT/AF/AFL ablation patients (69 ± 18 ms vs 57 ± 14 ms, P = .36). The majority of patients undergoing AT/AF/AFL ablation had persistent AF (n = 7, 70%) and NYHA class II (n = 5, 50%) or III (n = 5, 50%) HF symptoms, whereas patients undergoing AV node ablation were more likely to have class IV HF (n = 2, 66%, P = .014). Arrhythmia‐free survival in CA patients after catheter ablation of AT/AF/AFL was 40% at 1 year and 20% at 2 years.ConclusionsCatheter ablation of AT/AF/AFL may be a feasible strategy for appropriately selected patients with early to mid‐stage CA, whereas AV node ablation may be more appropriate in patients with advanced‐stage CA.
Issues of infant feeding for postnatal prevention of human T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type‐1 mother‐to‐child transmission
Authors: Itabashi Kazuo , Miyazawa Tokuo , Nerome Yasuhito , Sekizawa Akihiko , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Saito Shigeru , Yonemoto Naohiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNationwide antenatal human T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) antibody screening has been conducted in Japan. The purpose of our study was to clarify the issues related to feeding options to prevent postnatal mother‐to‐child transmission.MethodsOf the pregnant carriers at 92 facilities in Japan between 2012 and 2015, 735 were followed prospectively. Among the children born to them, 313 (42.6%) children were followed up to the age of 3 and tested for HTLV‐1 antibodies. The mother‐to‐child transmission rate was calculated for each feeding option selected before birth.ResultsAmong the 313 pregnant carriers, 55.0, 35.1, 6.1, and 3.8% selected short‐term breast‐feeding (≤3 months), exclusive formula feeding, frozen‐thawed breast‐milk feeding, and longer‐term breast‐feeding, respectively. Despite short‐term breast‐feeding, 8–18% of the mothers continued breast‐feeding for 4–6 months. The mother‐to‐child transmission rate with short‐term breast‐feeding was 2.3% (4/172), and its risk ratio compared with that of exclusive formula feeding was not significantly different (0.365; 95% CI: 0.116–1.145). Because of the small number of children who were fed by frozen‐thawed breast‐milk, their mother‐to‐child transmission rate was not statistically reliable.ConclusionsPregnant HTLV‐1 carriers tended to select short‐term breast‐feeding in Japan. While short‐term breast‐feeding was not always easy to wean within 3 months, it may be a viable option for preventing postnatal mother‐to‐child transmission because the vertical transmission rate with short‐term breast‐feeding was not significantly higher than that with exclusive formula feeding. Increasing the follow‐up rates for children born to pregnant carriers may provide clearer evidence of preventative effects by short‐term breast‐feeding and frozen‐thawed breast‐milk feeding.
Evaluation of respiratory center function in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome by monitoring electrical activity of the diaphragm
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Hasegawa Hisaya , Henmi Nobuhide , Tsuruta Shio , Wasa Masanori , Kihara Hirotaka , Kodera Takayuki , Kouyama Toshinari , Kumazawa Kensuke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA definitive diagnosis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is made by genetic testing. However, there are only a few examinations that warrant genetic testing. Electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) reflects neural respiratory drive from respiratory center to diaphragm. We evaluated the function of the respiratory center in CCHS by Edi monitoring.MethodsMonitoring of Edi was performed in six CCHS cases without mechanical ventilation. The monitoring time was 30 consecutive minutes from wakefulness to sleep. The TcPCO2 or EtCO2 and SpO2 were recorded simultaneously.ResultsThe Edi peak during wakefulness was 14.0 (10.3–21.0) µV and the Edi peak during sleep was 6.7 (3.8–8.0) µV. The Edi peak during sleep was significantly lower than the Edi peak during wakefulness, and patients were in a state of hypoventilation. Although TcPCO2 or EtCO2 increased due to hypoventilation, an increase in the Edi peak that reflects central respiratory drive was not observed. ΔEdi/ΔCO2 was −0.06μV/mmHg. Maximum EtCO2 or TcPco2 was 51 mmHg, and the average SpO2 was 91.5% during monitoring.ConclusionsWe confirmed that Edi monitoring could evaluate the function of the respiratory center and reproduce the hypoventilation of CCHS. The present study suggested that Edi monitoring is a useful examination in deciding whether to perform genetic testing or not and it may lead to an early diagnosis of CCHS.
High prevalence of latent tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A First Report
Authors: Mahmoudi Shima , Pourakbari Babak , Sadeghi Reihaneh Hosseinpour , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Safari Sharari Alieh , Salajegheh Pouria , Aziz‐Ahari Alireza , Mamishi Setareh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTB is an increasing health problem, and patients undergoing HSCT are more prone to develop tuberculosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate prevalence of latent tuberculosis in HSCT recipients. In this study, 84 patients (2 months to 18 years) who were candidates for HSCT at the referral hospital of Tehran Children's Medical Center were enrolled. The TST and the QFT‐GIT test were performed in all 84 patients, simultaneously. LTBI was considered when one of the tests was positive. Overall, the prevalence of LTBI in HSCT recipients in our study was 12% (10 cases). TST induration ≥5 mm was seen in only three patients (3.5%). Eight patients (9.5%) had a positive result for IGRA test, and 11 of them (13%) had indeterminate QFT‐GIT result. The agreement between the TST results (induration size ≥5 mm) and the QFT‐GIT results was poor (kappa = 0.14). In conclusion, there was a high rate of discordance between TST and IGRA results with many more positive QFT‐GIT tests. However, more studies are needed in this population to determine whether this discordance reflects true infection.
The Case against Commercial Antivirus Software: Risk Homeostasis and Information Problems in Cybersecurity
Authors: Jardine Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew cybersecurity technologies, such as commercial antivirus software (AV), sometimes fail to deliver on their promised benefits. This article develops and tests a revised version of risk homeostasis theory, which suggests that new cybersecurity technologies can sometimes have ill effects on security outcomes in the short run and little‐to‐no effect over the long run. It tests the preliminary plausibility of four predictions from the revised risk homeostasis theory using new survey data from 1,072 respondents. The estimations suggest the plausible operation of a number of risk homeostasis dynamics: (1) commercial AV users are significantly more likely to self‐report a cybersecurity event in the past year than nonusers, even after correcting for potential reverse causality and informational mechanisms; (2) nonusers become somewhat less likely to self‐report a cybersecurity event as the perceived riskiness of various e‐mail‐based behaviors increases, while commercial AV users do not; (3) the negative short‐run effect of commercial AV use on cybersecurity outcomes fade over time at a predicted rate of about 7.03 percentage points per year of use; and (4) after five years of use, commercial AV users are statistically indistinguishable from nonusers in terms of their probability of self‐reporting a cybersecurity event as perceptions of risky e‐mail‐based behaviors increase.
Imagery‐induced negative affect, social touch and frontal EEG power band activity
Authors: Kraus Jakub , Roman Robert , Lacinová Lenka , Lamoš Martin , Brázdil Milan , Fredrikson Mats 
Published: June 2020

Social touch seems to modulate emotions, but its brain correlates are poorly understood. Here, we investigated if frontal power band activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during aversive mental imagery is modulated by social touch from one’s romantic partner and a stranger. We observed the highest theta and beta power when imaging alone, next so when being touched by a stranger, with lowest theta and beta activity during holding hands with the loved one. Delta power was higher when being alone than with a stranger or a partner, with no difference between the two. Gamma power was highest during the stranger condition and lower both when being alone and with the partner, while alpha power did not change as a function of social touch. Theta power displayed a positive correlation with electrodermal activity supporting its relation to emotional arousal. Attachment style modulated the effect of touch on the EEG as only secure but not insecure partner bonding was associated with theta power reductions. Because theta power was sensitive to the experimental perturbations, mapped onto peripheral physiological arousal and reflected partner attachment style we suggest that frontal theta power might serve as an EEG derived bio‐marker for social touch in emotionally significant dyads.
Validation of tiger beetles as distinct family (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), review and reclassification of tribal relationships
Authors: Duran Daniel P. , Gough Harlan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe higher‐level taxonomy of tiger beetles is re‐evaluated in light of recent publications based on large taxon sets and a large number of genetic loci. These studies have demonstrated that tiger beetles are a distinct family, Cicindelidae Latreille, sister to the Carabidae Latreille (ground beetles) or Trachypachidae Thomson (false ground beetles) + Carabidae. Recent phylogenies have also recovered consistent patterns in higher‐level relationships within the tiger beetles that challenge the traditional taxonomic framework, most of which is more than a century old. These phylogenetic results are reviewed along with concordant morphological characters to create an updated higher‐level classification. The subfamily Collyrinae Csiki is not supported by any modern data. We recognize six tribes, Manticorini Laporte (new sense), Megacephalini Laporte (new sense), Collyridini Brullé, Ctenostomatini Laporte, Cicindelini Latreille and the reinstated Oxycheilini Chaudoir (with emended spelling).
Heart transplant recipient patient with COVID‐19 treated with tocilizumab
Authors: Mattioli Massimo , Fustini Elisa , Gennarini Silvia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA heart transplant 62‐year‐old patient referred for coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia. At admission, he was febrile, tachypnoeic, and mild hypoxic with dry cough; during hospitalization, a diffuse morbilliform skin rash appeared. He was treated with tocilizumab with symptoms improvement, without a complete pulmonary function recovery. Skin rash, highly suggestive for COVID‐19 cutaneous involvement, persisted for ten days despite tocilizumab administration.
AtHsc70‐1 negatively regulates the basal heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana through affecting the activity of HsfAs and Hsp101
Authors: Tiwari Lalit D. , Khungar Lisha , Grover Anil 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHeat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) chaperones are highly conserved and essential proteins with diverse cellular functions, including plant abiotic stress tolerance. Hsp70 proteins have been linked with basal heat tolerance in plants. Hsp101 likewise is an important chaperone protein that plays a critical role in heat tolerance in plants. We observed that Arabidopsis hsc70‐1 mutant seedlings show elevated basal heat tolerance compared with wild‐type. Over‐expression of Hsc70‐1 resulted in increased heat sensitivity. Hsp101 transcript and protein levels were increased during non‐heat stress (HS) and post‐HS conditions in hsc70‐1 mutant seedlings. In contrast, Hsp101 was repressed in Hsc70‐1 over‐expressing plants after post‐HS conditions. Hsc70‐1 showed physical interaction with HsfA1d and HsfA1e protein in the cytosol under non‐HS conditions. In transient reporter gene analysis, HsfA1d, HsfA1e and HsfA2 showed transcriptional response on the Hsp101 promoter. HsfA1d and HsfA2 transcripts were at higher levels in hsc70‐1 mutant compared with wild‐type. We provide genetic evidence that Hsc70‐1 is a negative regulator affecting HsfA1d/A1e/A2 activators, which in turn regulate Hsp101 expression and basal thermotolerance.
Ultra‐high α‐linolenic acid accumulating developmental defective embryo was rescued by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2
Authors: Yin Yongtai , Guo Zhenyi , Chen Kang , Tian Tian , Tan Jiajun , Chen Xinfeng , Chen Jing , Yang Bing , Tang Shuyan , Peng Kangfu , Liu Si , Liang Yu , Zhang Kai , Yu Longjiang , Li Maoteng 
Published: June 2020

SummaryFor decades, genetic engineering approaches to produce unusual fatty acids (UFAs) in crops has reached a bottleneck, including reduced seed oil production and seed vigor. Currently, plant models in the field of research are primarily used to investigate defects in oil production and seedling development, while the role of UFAs in embryonic developmental defects remains unknown. In this study, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis plant model, in which the embryo exhibits severely wrinkled appearance owing to α‐linolenic acid (ALA) accumulation. RNA‐sequencing analysis in the defective embryo suggested that brassinosteroid synthesis, FA synthesis and photosynthesis were inhibited, while FA degradation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress were activated. Lipidomics analysis showed that ultra‐accumulated ALA is released from phosphatidylcholine as a free FA in cells, inducing severe endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Furthermore, we identified that overexpression of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 rescued the defective phenotype. In the rescue line, the pool capacity of the Kennedy pathway was increased, and the esterification of ALA indirectly to triacylglycerol was enhanced to avoid stress. This study provides a plant model that aids in understanding the molecular mechanism of embryonic developmental defects and generates strategies to produce higher levels of UFAs.