bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tachykinin antagonists ameliorate surgically induced impairment of gastrointestinal motility in rats
Authors: Umer Artur , Ługowska‐Umer Hanna , Schönborn‐Kellenberger Oliver , Korolkiewicz Paweł K. , Sein‐Anand Łukasz , Kocic Ivan , Korolkiewicz Roman P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe protective effects of tachykinin receptor antagonists: SR140333 (NK1 receptor), SR48968 (NK2 receptor), and SB222200 (NK3 receptor) were tested in rats against a surgically induced postoperative inhibition of gut motility, a common complication of abdominal surgery. The small intestinal transit of Evans blue was measured 24‐h post‐surgery in untreated rats and animals subjected to skin incision, laparotomy, or laparotomy followed by gut evisceration and manipulation. Surgical procedures were conducted under diethyl ether anesthesia. In comparison to untreated and ether‐anesthetized rats, animals undergoing skin incision, laparotomy, or laparotomy with gut evisceration and manipulation showed a significant decrease in the intestinal transit of Evans blue. The pretreatment with NK1 (3–100 µg/kg), NK2 (3–30 µg/kg), and NK3 (10–300 µg/kg) blockers before surgery ameliorated the inhibitory effects of gut manipulation in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, the submaximal and maximal doses of NK3 antagonists showed a trend toward reversing not only the inhibition caused by gut manipulation but also laparotomy. An additive effect of combining submaximal doses of NK1‐3 blockers was observed in animals pretreated with NK1 + NK2 compared to single‐agent NK1 and NK2. Additionally, doublets: NK1 + NK3 or NK2 + NK3 and a triplet: NK1 + NK2 + NK3 proved to be more effective than NK2 antagonist alone. In contrast, NK1‐3 blockers have not markedly affected the intestinal propulsion in untreated rats or animals subjected to skin incision or laparotomy. NK1‐3 blockers ameliorated the suppressed small‐bowel gut motility 24 post‐surgery. Combined pretreatment with NK1‐3 antagonists provided selective, additive benefits compared to single agents.
Single‐molecule analysis of dynamics and interactions of the SecYEG translocon
Authors: Koch Sabrina , Seinen Anne‐Bart , Kamel Michael , Kuckla Daniel , Monzel Cornelia , Kedrov Alexej , Driessen Arnold J.M. 
Published: October 2020

Protein translocation and insertion into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane are the essential processes mediated by the Sec machinery. The core machinery is composed of the membrane‐embedded translocon SecYEG that interacts with the secretion‐dedicated ATPase SecA and translating ribosomes. Despite the simplicity and the available structural insights on the system, diverse molecular mechanisms and functional dynamics have been proposed. Here, we employ total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to study the oligomeric state and diffusion of SecYEG translocons in supported lipid bilayers at the single‐molecule level. Silane‐based coating ensured the mobility of lipids and reconstituted translocons within the bilayer. Brightness analysis suggested that approx. 70% of the translocons were monomeric. The translocons remained in a monomeric form upon ribosome binding, but partial oligomerization occurred in the presence of nucleotide‐free SecA. Individual trajectories of SecYEG in the lipid bilayer revealed dynamic heterogeneity of diffusion, as translocons commonly switched between slow and fast mobility modes with corresponding diffusion coefficients of 0.03 and 0.7 µm2·s−1. Interactions with SecA ATPase had a minor effect on the lateral mobility, while bound ribosome:nascent chain complexes substantially hindered the diffusion of single translocons. Notably, the mobility of the translocon:ribosome complexes was not affected by the solvent viscosity or macromolecular crowding modulated by Ficoll PM 70, so it was largely determined by interactions within the lipid bilayer and at the interface. We suggest that the complex mobility of SecYEG arises from the conformational dynamics of the translocon and protein:lipid interactions.
The molecular species responsible for α1‐antitrypsin deficiency are suppressed by a small molecule chaperone
Authors: Ronzoni Riccardo , Heyer‐Chauhan Nina , Fra Annamaria , Pearce Andrew C. , Rüdiger Martin , Miranda Elena , Irving James A. , Lomas David A. 
Published: October 2020

The formation of ordered Z (Glu342Lys) α1‐antitrypsin polymers in hepatocytes is central to liver disease in α1‐antitrypsin deficiency. In vitro experiments have identified an intermediate conformational state (M*) that precedes polymer formation, but this has yet to be identified in vivo. Moreover, the mechanism of polymer formation and their fate in cells have been incompletely characterised. We have used cell models of disease in conjunction with conformation‐selective monoclonal antibodies and a small molecule inhibitor of polymerisation to define the dynamics of polymer formation, accumulation and secretion. Pulse‐chase experiments demonstrate that Z α1‐antitrypsin accumulates as short‐chain polymers that partition with soluble cellular components and are partially secreted by cells. These precede the formation of larger, insoluble polymers with a longer half‐life (10.9 ± 1.7 h and 20.9 ± 7.4 h for soluble and insoluble polymers, respectively). The M* intermediate (or a by‐product thereof) was identified in the cells by a conformation‐specific monoclonal antibody. This was completely abrogated by treatment with the small molecule, which also blocked the formation of intracellular polymers. These data allow us to conclude that the M* conformation is central to polymerisation of Z α1‐antitrypsin in vivo; preventing its accumulation represents a tractable approach for pharmacological treatment of this condition; polymers are partially secreted; and polymers exist as two distinct populations in cells whose different dynamics have likely consequences for the aetiology of the disease.
Spatial structure in protected forest‐grassland mosaics: Exploring futures under climate change
Authors: Fair Kathyrn R. , Anand Madhur , Bauch Chris T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn mosaic ecosystems, multiple land types coexist as alternative stable states exhibiting distinct spatial patterns. Forest‐grassland mosaics are ecologically valuable, due to their high species richness. However, anthropogenic disturbances threaten these ecosystems. Designating protected areas is one approach to preserving natural mosaics. Such work must account for climate change, yet there are few spatially explicit models of mosaics under climate change that can predict its effects. We construct a spatially explicit simulation model for a natural forest‐grassland mosaic, parameterized for Southern Brazil. Using this model, we investigate how the spatial structure of these systems is altered under climate change and other disturbance regimes. By including local spatial interactions and fire‐mediated forest recruitment, our model reproduces important spatial features of protected real‐world mosaics, including the number of forest patches and overall forest cover. Multiple concurrent changes in environmental conditions have greater impacts on tree cover and spatial structure in simulated mosaics than single changes. This sensitivity reflects the narrow range of conditions under which simulated mosaics persist and emphasizes their vulnerability. Our model predicts that, in protected mosaics, climate change impacts on the fire‐mediated threshold to recruitment will likely result in substantial increases in forest cover under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, with potential for mosaic loss over a broad range of initial forest cover levels. Forest cover trajectories are similar until 2150, when cover increases under RCP 8.5 outpace those under RCP 2.6. Mosaics that persist under RCP 8.5 may experience structural alterations at the patch and landscape level. Our simple model predicts several realistic aspects of spatial structure as well as plausible responses to likely regional climate shifts. Hence, further model development could provide a useful tool when building strategies for protecting these ecosystems, by informing site selection for conservation areas that will be favourable to forest‐grassland mosaics under future climates.
Development of a European consensus from dentists, dental hygienists and physicians on a standard for oral health care in care‐dependent older people: An e‐Delphi study
Authors: Charadram Nattida , Maniewicz Sabrina , Maggi Stefania , Petrovic Mirko , Kossioni Anastassia , Srinivasan Murali , Schimmel Martin , Mojon Philippe , Müller Frauke ,   e‐Delphi working group
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to obtain a consensus on oral health policy, access to dental care, oral hygiene measures and training levels.BackgroundPoor oral health is widespread in care‐dependent older people, but no consensus for a minimum standard of oral health care exists yet.MethodsThe e‐Delphi approach was applied to a selected panel of interdisciplinary experts. Data analysis was based on three measurements: (a) ≥70% of experts’ opinion fall into category “agree or strongly agree,” (b) median score on the 5‐point Likert scale ≥4, (c) interquartile range ≤1.ResultsA total of 31 experts from 17 European countries participated in this survey. Agreement was achieved for a compulsory dental examination when an elder is admitted to a long‐term care (LTC) facility. Older people should brush their teeth twice/day and regularly clean interproximal spaces and oral mucosa. Dentures should be rinsed after meals and cleaned twice/day. The use of denture cleansing tablets was considered necessary. Dentures should be removed before sleeping and stored dry. A 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste should be applied daily in elder with high caries risk. A short report on the oral health status of the elder should be included in the geriatric assessment. All experts concluded that the knowledge and the training in oral health care for caregivers and family members of care‐dependent older people were imperative.ConclusionsUsing the e‐Delphi method, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals from different countries agreed on certain cardinal recommendations for a standard oral health care for care‐dependent older people.
Venous thromboembolism after delayed surgery for a hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoon Jae Youn , Kim Shinseok , Chang Jae Suk , Yoon Pil Whan , Kim Ji Wan 
Published: October 2020

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics and prevalence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in delayed hip fracture patients referred to our hospital (a tertiary referral center), and further verify the effect of intensive prophylaxis protocol in preventing the occurrence of VTE.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 264 hip fracture patients whose surgery was delayed by >24 h. The patients were divided into two groups, according to the VTE prophylaxis protocol (conventional vs intensive). We evaluated the time from injury to surgery, and analyzed the prevalence of postoperative symptomatic VTE between the groups. The patient outcome measures, including in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day‐mortality after hip surgery, were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean time from injury to operation was 127.4 h (95% confidence interval 92.2–162.7 h). The incidence of postoperative symptomatic VTE was 5.9% in the conventional prophylaxis group and 0.8% in the intensive prophylaxis group. The intensive prophylaxis group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative VTE (P = 0.036). Eight patients with deep vein thrombosis on preoperative screening who underwent inferior vena cava filter insertion did not develop postoperative symptomatic VTE. Logistic regression analysis results also showed that the protocol statistically reduced the development of VTE (odds ratio 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–1.21, P = 0.042).ConclusionsDelayed hip fracture surgery resulted in a higher incidence of VTE in patients who received conventional prophylaxis; however, our intensive prophylaxis protocol successfully prevented postoperative symptomatic VTE, including pulmonary embolism. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1151–1156.
Achieving high convective volume in hemodiafiltration: Lessons learned after successful implementation in the HDFit trial
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Dambiski Ana Claudia , Canhada Sinaia , Barra Ana Beatriz L. , Poli‐de‐Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo , Cuvello Neto Américo Lourenço , Canziani Maria Eugênia F. , Strogoff‐de‐Matos Jorge Paulo , Raimann Jochen G. , Larkin John , Canaud Bernard , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto ,   For the HDFIT Study Investigators
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesHigh‐volume online hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF) associates with improved outcomes compared to hemodialysis (HD), provided adequate dosing is achieved as estimated from convective volume (CV). Achievement of high CV and its impact on biochemical indicators following a standardized protocol converting HD patients to OL‐HDF has not been systematically reported. We assessed the success of implementation of OL‐HDF in clinics naïve to the modality.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsWe analyzed the results of the implementation of postdilution OL‐HDF in patients randomized to the HDF arm of a clinical trial (impact of hemoDiaFIlTration on physical activity and self‐reported outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (HDFit) trial [ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02787161]). The day before randomization of the first patient to OL‐HDF at each clinic staff started a 3‐day in‐person training module on operation of Fresenius 5008 CorDiax machine in HDF mode. Patients were converted from high‐flux HD to OL‐HDF under oversight of trainers. OL‐HDF was performed over a 6‐months follow‐up with a CV target of 22 L/treatment. We characterized median achieved CV >22 L/treatment record and analyzed the impact of HDF on biochemical variables.ResultsNinety‐seven patients (mean age 53 ± 16 years, 29% with diabetes, and 11% had a catheter) from 13 clinics randomized to the OL‐HDF arm of the trial were converted from HD to HDF. Median CV > 22 L/treatment was achieved in 99% (94/95) of OL‐HDF patients throughout follow‐up. Monthly mean CV ranged from 27.1 L to 27.5 L. OL‐HDF provided an increased single pool Kt/V at 3‐months (0.2 [95% CI: 0.1–0.3]) and 6‐months (0.2 [95% CI: 0.1–0.4]) compared to baseline, and reduced phosphate at 3‐months (−0.4 mg/dL [95% CI: −0.8 to −0.12]) of follow‐up.ConclusionsHigh‐volume online hemodiafiltration was successfully implemented with 99% of patients achieving protocol defined CV target. Monthly mean CV was consistently >22 L/treatment during follow‐up. Kt/V increased, and phosphate decreased with OL‐HDF. Findings resulting from a short training period in several dialysis facilities appear to suggest HDF is an easily implementable technique.
Assisted Desistance in Formal Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: VILLENEUVE MARIE‐PIERRE , F.‐DUFOUR ISABELLE , FARRALL STEPHEN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrent research often relies on measures of recidivism to evaluate the effectiveness of formal criminal justice system interventions. Such studies, however, do not provide information on desistance from crime, that is, on how such interventions can help maintaining abstinence from offending and assist desisters in their efforts to change. This scoping review argues that formal agents (such as probation officers) can play a part in supporting desistance by providing practical help and resources based on desisters’ needs, and can assist in changes in self‐identity through sustained positive feedback and encouragement. We propose a model of assisted desistance to conceptualise the effects of formal agents on desistance processes. The mandatory context of interventions, the fragile balance between legalistic and therapeutic roles, as well as the processes of desistance outside of the criminal justice system are considered. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
The relationship between cognitive ability and personality scores in selection situations: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Schilling Michael , Becker Nicolas , Grabenhorst Magdalena M. , König Cornelius J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral faking theories have identified applicants’ cognitive ability (CA) as a determinant of faking—the intentional distortion of answers by candidates—but the corresponding empirical findings in the area of personality tests are often ambiguous. Following the assumption that CA is important for faking, we expected applicants with high CA to show higher personality scores in selection situations, leading in this case to significant correlations between CA and personality scores, but not in nonselection situations. This meta‐analysis (66 studies, k = 115 individual samples, N = 46,265) showed this pattern of results as well as moderation effects for the study design (laboratory vs. field), the response format of the personality test, and the type of CA test.
Failed Promise of Equality: Iranian women’s integration in the Netherlands
Authors: Ghorashi Halleh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIranians are considered the most successful refugee group in the Netherlands in terms of integration. However, their path towards inclusion is not without struggles. This paper highlights organizational and societal limiting factors that are often forgotten in research and policy on refugees’ integration in the job market and on inclusion in general. The data presented are based on 20 years of research on narratives from Iranian refugees – mostly women – about their struggles towards societal and organizational inclusion. This article critically discusses the implications of dominant discourses and policies on the integration of refugees in the past and present to enable reflection for the future. The empirical data show how the consistency of normalized images of refugees hinders their path to long‐term inclusion. The data analysis is situated within the theoretical discussion on refugees’ integration in the labour market, connecting bodies of literature from refugee studies, organization studies and integration studies.
To investigate outcomes in endoscopic management of early oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett oesophagus: experience at three Australian tertiary centres
Authors: Pateria Puraskar , Chong Andre , Muwanwella Niroshan , Siah Chiang , Kumarasinghe Priyanthi , Raftopoulos Spiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBarrett oesophagus is a known precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Early EAC includes T1a (invasion into mucosa) and T1b (invasion into submucosa but not muscularis propria). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) provides accurate histological staging and definitive treatment for early EAC. Post EMR, the remaining Barrett is eradicated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, there is a paucity of long‐term Australian data.AimTo investigate the efficacy and long‐term outcomes of EMR and RFA in the management of early EAC.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients early EAC treated endoscopically at three Western Australian tertiary centres, with at least 12‐months follow up, over the past 10 years.ResultsSixty‐seven patients with early EAC (61 T1a and 6 T1b) were treated with EMR. Complete Barrett eradication was done by EMR in 31 of 67 patients whereas 36/67 patients underwent RFA for residual Barrett. EMR changed pinch biopsy histology from HGD (n = 33), HGD suspicious for IMC (n = 5) and LGD (n = 1) to early EAC in 58.2% (n = 39) patients.During a mean follow up of 37.2 months (interquartile range: 20, 56), complete remission of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia was seen in 97% (n = 65) and 89.5% (n = 60) patients. One patient with T1b EAC underwent oesophagectomy. No cases developed metachronous EAC, progression to invasive adenocarcinoma or development of nodal/distant metastasis. Complications were endoscopically treated haematemesis (n = 1) and strictures (n = 16) requiring dilatations. Three patients died due to causes unrelated to IMC.ConclusionEMR in conjunction with RFA is an effective and safe management for early EAC. EMR provides accurate staging and has low complication rates.
Experiences of new nurses dealing with death in a paediatric setting: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Chew Yi Jie Meredith , Ang Su Ling Linda , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore and describe the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of new nurses dealing with paediatric death in a clinical setting.DesignA descriptive qualitative study design was used.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the experiences of 12 new paediatric nurses from a tertiary public hospital in Singapore. Data were collected from September 2019‐December 2019. A thematic analysis was performed for data analysis.ResultsFour themes were generated: (a) a spectrum of emotions; (b) the ‘blame’ game; (c) getting through the grief; and (d) new nurses' wish list. The new nurses tended to be emotionally affected by their first death experience. They felt anxious and personally responsible for the death but eventually controlled their emotions. Colleagues, religion and self‐actualization were key in overcoming grief.ConclusionThe experiences nurses go through at the early stages of their profession shape future workplace attitudes. Additional training and support should be provided to new nurses to build their confidence in managing end‐of‐life care. Training should include cultural awareness and communication skills to equip nurses with the necessary skills.ImpactThis research will have an impact on institutions, which develop culturally congruent training and support platforms that prepare new nurses for nursing practice. This research will drive future investigations on the long‐term effects of paediatric death on new nurses.
Relationships among hope, meaning in life, and post‐traumatic growth in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Jizhe , She Yiying , Wang Meiya , Zhang Yuting , Lin Yuanxin , Zhu Xiuli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the relationships among hope, meaning in life, and post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.DesignA cross‐sectional study design.MethodsBetween October 2018–September 2019, 221 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient completed the questionnaires including sociodemographic information, Chinese Version of Herth Hope Index, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory. Descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis H test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the ridge regression analysis were used for analysis.ResultsSpearman's correlation analysis showed that hope and meaning in life were positively interrelated with PTG (r = 0.20–0.45, r = 0.36–0.54, p < 0.01). Ridge regression analysis results showed that hope, meaning in life, time since diagnosis, habitation, medical insurance, and monthly income could explain 47.30% of the variance in PTG (F = 33.863, p < 0.001).ConclusionChinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experienced a slightly positive change in meaning in life and a moderate degree of hope and PTG. Results suggested that hope and meaning in life were positively connected with PTG. Therefore, enhancing hope and meaning in life might be crucial for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to promote PTG.ImpactThe findings added better understanding of relationships among hope, meaning in life, and post‐traumatic growth in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which can help nurse give interventions in the early stage of disease diagnosis.