bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra)
Authors: Aristizabal John F. , Negrete-Yankelevich Simoneta , Macías-Ordóñez Rogelio , Chapman Colin A. , Serio-Silva Juan C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe availability and spatial distribution of food resources affect animal behavior and survival. Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have a foraging strategy to balance their nutrient intake that involves mixing their consumption of leaves and fruits. The spatial aggregation of food items should impact this strategy, but how it does so is largely unknown. We quantified how leaf and fruit intake combined (here termed food set selection) was spatially aggregated in patches and how food aggregation varied across seasons. Using variograms we estimated patch diameter and with Generalized Least Square models determined the effect of food spatial aggregation on food selection. Only fruits were structured in patches in the season of highest availability (dry-season). The patches of food set selection had a diameter between 6.9 and 14 m and were explained by those of mature fruit availability which were between 18 and 19 m in diameter. Our results suggest that the spatial pattern of food selection is influenced by patches of large fruit-bearing trees, not by particular species. Fruit also occur along spatial gradients, but these do not explain food selection, suggesting that howlers maximize food intake in response to local aggregation of fruit that are limiting during certain seasons. We demonstrate how the independent spatial modelling of resources and behavior enables the definition of patches and testing their spatial relationship.
Low prevalence of symptomatic thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Properzi Martina , della Giustina Tommaso , Mentasti Sara , Castelli Francesco , Chiesa Annacarla , Gregori Natalia , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThyroid diseases (TDs) have been widely associated with HIV infection. However, data about TDs prevalence and distribution are controversial, and few published studies are available. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic thyroid disturbances, including thyroid cancers, in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients. A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of the University of Brescia, Italy, in the period 2005–2017. We identified all HIV-positive patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic TD in the electronic database of our Department (HIVeDB); we also operated a record-linkage between our data and the Health Protection Agency database (HPADB) of Brescia Province. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with TDs onset; an incidence rate analysis was also performed. During the study period, 6343 HIV-infected patients have been followed at our Department; 123 received a diagnosis of symptomatic TD (1.94% of the entire cohort). In the TDs group, almost half of patients were females (n = 59, 48%), mean age was 47.15 years (SD: 11.56). At TD diagnosis, mean T CD4+ cell count was 491 cell/uL and most patients showed undetectable HIV-RNA (n = 117, 95.12%). Among them, 81 patients were found to have hypothyroidism (63 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), 21 hyperthyroidism (17 suffered from Graves’ disease), while 11 subjects were diagnosed with a primitive thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer was the most frequent histotype (n = 7, 63.63%), followed by medullary (n = 2, 18.18%) and follicular thyroid cancer (n = 1, 9.1%). Male gender was a protective factor for TDs development, especially for hypothyroidism (p < 0.001); age emerged as a variable associated with both hypothyroidism (p = 0.03) and thyroid cancer (p = 0.03), while CD4+ cell nadir <200 cell/mm3was associated with symptomatic hyperthyroidism (p = 0.005). To conclude, symptomatic thyroid dysfunctions rate in well-treated HIV-infected patients is low. Age and gender are crucial elements in the onset of thyroid abnormalities, together with T CD4+ cell nadir. Interestingly, medullary thyroid cancer seems to be much more frequent in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population.
Insights into the κ/ι-carrageenan metabolism pathway of some marine Pseudoalteromonas species
Authors: Hettle Andrew G. , Hobbs Joanne K. , Pluvinage Benjamin , Vickers Chelsea , Abe Kento T. , Salama-Alber Orly , McGuire Bailey E. , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Hui Joseph P. M. , Berrue Fabrice , Banskota Arjun , Zhang Junzeng , Bottos Eric M. , Van Hamme Jonathan , Boraston Alisdair B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPseudoalteromonas is a globally distributed marine-associated genus that can be found in a broad range of aquatic environments, including in association with macroalgal surfaces where they may take advantage of these rich sources of polysaccharides. The metabolic systems that confer the ability to metabolize this abundant form of photosynthetically fixed carbon, however, are not yet fully understood. Through genomics, transcriptomics, microbiology, and specific structure-function studies of pathway components we address the capacity of newly isolated marine pseudoalteromonads to metabolize the red algal galactan carrageenan. The results reveal that the κ/ι-carrageenan specific polysaccharide utilization locus (CarPUL) enables isolates possessing this locus the ability to grow on this substrate. Biochemical and structural analysis of the enzymatic components of the CarPUL promoted the development of a detailed model of the κ/ι-carrageenan metabolic pathway deployed by pseudoalteromonads, thus furthering our understanding of how these microbes have adapted to a unique environmental niche.
Clinical Success Using the Audio-Visual Feedback Training for Cluttering
Authors: van Zaalen Yvonne , Reichel Isabella 
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Among the best strategies to address inadequate speech monitoring skills and other parameters of communication in people with cluttering (PWC) is the relatively new but very promising auditory–visual feedback (AVF) training (
van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015
). This study examines the effects of AVF training on articulatory accuracy, pause duration, frequency, and type of disfluencies of PWC, as well as on the emotional and cognitive aspects that may be present in clients with this communication disorder (
Reichel, 2010
;
van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015
).

Methods

In this study, 12 male adolescents and adults—6 with phonological and 6 with syntactic cluttering—were provided with weekly AVF training for 12 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Data was gathered on baseline (T0), Week 6 (T1), Week 12 (T2), and after follow-up (T3). Spontaneous speech was recorded and analyzed by using digital audio-recording and speech analysis software known as Praat (
Boersma & Weenink, 2017
).

Results
The results of this study indicated that PWC demonstrated significant improvements in articulatory rate measurements and in pause duration following the AVF training. In addition, the PWC in the study reported positive effects on their ability to retell a story and to speak in more complete sentences. PWC felt better about formulating their ideas and were more satisfied with their interactions with people around them.

Conclusions
The AVF training was found to be an effective approach for improving monitoring skills of PWC with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in the behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication.
Regulation of host immune cells and cytokine production induced byTrichinella spiralisinfection
Authors: Song Yining , Xu Jing , Wang Xuelin , Yang Yong , Bai Xue , Pang Jianda , Wang Xinrui , Yu Mingchuan , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Xiaolei , Sun Shumin 
Published: December 2019

The nematodeTrichinella spiraliscan cause immunoregulation during the early phase of infection. However, previous studies are still insufficient for a full understanding of this phenomenon and its underlying mechanism. In this study, immune cells and cytokine profiles ofT. spiralisinfected mice were examined by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and flow cytometry. The MSD results of the spleen showed that Th1 immunity was inhibited from 6 h to 6 days post-infection (dpi) and the level of Th2 immune response was significantly increased at 6 dpi. The mesenteric lymph node showed a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response from 3 dpi to 6 dpi with a downtrend of Th1 at 6 dpi. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of Th1 cells of T cells was decreased significantly at 6 h after infection, the proportion of Th2 cells was markedly increased, indicating that Th1 immunity was significantly inhibited at 6 h after infection, and a hybrid immune response based on Th2 type was presented from 30 h to 6 dpi. The immunoregulation effects observed during this study have provided a better understanding of the development of the immune response induced byTrichinellainfection.
Maligne Tumoren im Becken
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIm kleinen Becken treten verhältnismäßig häufig maligne Entartungen wie Ovarialkarzinome, Korpuskarzinome, Zervixkarzinome und Harnblasenkarzinome auf. Es können sich im gesamten Beckenbereich aber auch Sarkome entwickeln.
Nerv unter Druck
Authors: Kaiser Kerstin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryLena T. leidet unter Lumboischialgien, Blasenentzündungen mit Nierenbeteiligung, Kopfschmerzen und Verdauungsstörungen, die ärztliche Diagnose lautet Piriformis-Syndrom. Blockaden im Bereich von Iliosakralgelenk, Symphyse, Sakrum, zervikothorakalem Übergang und HWS sowie eine eingeschränkte Blasen- und Nierenbeweglichkeit lassen auf eine Störung des ligamentären, faszialen und reflektorischen Zusammenspiels zwischen Beckenstrukturen, Wirbelsäule und Schädelbasis schließen. Nach Mobilisation von Blase, Niere, Beckenboden sowie Nervenund Muskeldehnungen verschwinden die Symptome innerhalb weniger Wochen.
Was macht ein Optometrist?
Authors: Hoste Michael 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDie DHZ-Herausgeberin Magga Corts und Gastherausgeber Christian Blumbach im Gespräch mit dem Optometristen und Spezialisten für Binokularsehen Michael Hoste darüber, was seinen Beruf ausmacht und wann eine Kooperation für Heilpraktiker besonders bereichernd ist.
Hämodialyse in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Heering Peter J. , Schmitz Michael 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas akute Nierenversagen (ANV) stellt ein häufiges Problem bei der Versorgung intensivmedizinischer Patienten dar. Daten aus den USA belegen zudem eine Zunahme der Inzidenz des ANV von 10 % pro Jahr über die letzten 10 Jahre. Die Mortalität des ANV ist dabei unverändert hoch und liegt abhängig vom Stadium und Begleiterkrankungen zwischen 20 und 80 %. Die Indikation für die Einleitung einer akuten Nierenersatztherapie wird auf den Intensivstationen überwiegend von Anästhesisten gestellt. Auf Intensivstationen kleiner Krankenhäuser werden i. d. R. von Anästhesisten kontinuierliche Verfahren eingesetzt, während Internisten mit ambulanter nephrologischer Begleitung häufig intermittierende Hämodialyseverfahren einsetzen. Während es klare Empfehlungen zum Beginn einer Nierenersatztherapie für therapierefraktäre, vital bedrohliche Zustände gibt, ist die Datenlage für andere Situation unsicher. Seit der Publikation von 2 großen Studien ist die Frage der Dosis der Nierenersatztherapie allgemein konsentiert. Es konnte weder ein Überlebensvorteil noch eine Verbesserung der Organfunktion bei einer Steigerung der Dosis von 20–25 ml/kg KG/h beobachtet werden. Die KDIGO-Leitlinien empfehlen den Einsatz der regionalen Zitratantikoagulation, neuere Daten unterstützen auch den Einsatz bei Leberversagen oder Schock. Sollte dieses Verfahren nicht zur Verfügung stehen, sind SOPs für Patienten mit Blutungsrisiko zu entwickeln.
Therapie der kindlichen Uveitis intermedia und posterior mit intravitrealen Steroiden
Authors: Winterhalter Sibylle 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Uveitis im Kindesalter weist ein hohes Erblindungsrisiko auf. Bei einer nicht infektiösen Uveitis intermedia und posterior sind lokal applizierte Steroid-Augentropfen nicht ausreichend wirksam, sodass bei Visusverschlechterung und Komplikationen eine systemische Therapie erfolgen muss. Diese entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Therapiealgorithmus der JIA-Assoziierten Uveitis anterior wie in der S2k-Leitlinie 045–012 zur Diagnostik und antientzündlichen Therapie der Uveitis bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis mit Stand 01/2018 beschrieben. Bei pädiatrischen Patienten jedoch, die nur an einem Auge ohne Systemerkrankung leiden, wäre eine intravitreale Therapie wünschenswert, um Nebenwirkungen einer systemischen Therapie zu vermeiden. Intravitreal verabreichte Steroide weisen zwar eine sehr gute Wirksamkeit auf. Leider besteht jedoch das Risiko für ein Steroid-induziertes Glaukom sowie eine Steroid-induzierte Katarakt, sodass intravitreal verabreichte Steroide laut S2k-Leitlinie nur als Rescue-Therapie genutzt werden sollten.
Update kardiorenales Syndrom
Authors: Emrich Insa , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDas kardiorenale Syndrom bezeichnet die Interaktion zwischen Herz- und Nierenerkrankungen. Akute oder chronische Funktionseinschränkungen des einen Organs können dabei zu akuten oder chronischen Funktionseinschränkungen des jeweils anderen führen. Die Prävalenz nimmt seit Jahren stetig zu. Betroffene Patienten gehören zur kardiovaskulären Hochrisikogruppe, deren adäquate leitliniengerechte Therapie unerlässlich ist. Im Folgenden möchten wir einen Überblick über neueste Studienergebnisse geben und auf wichtige Komorbiditäten und deren Behandlung hinweisen.
Kann eine herausnehmbare Zahnspange Auswirkungen auf die HWS-Beweglichkeit haben?
Authors: Scheunchen Mandy , Müßig Dieter 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen eines funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräts auf die Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. In der Vorbereitungsphase der Studie wurden relevante Kriterien definiert, ein Frage- und Untersuchungsbogen entwickelt sowie ein Konzept zur Umsetzung in einer kieferorthopädischen Fachpraxis konzipiert. Die Messungen erfolgten bei 20 jugendlichen Probanden zu 3 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (Tag 1, nach 6 Wochen, nach 6 Monaten).Nach 6 Monaten hatte sich die Flexion signifikant verringert. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, dass das Ausmaß der vertikalen Sperrung und des Overbites sowie das skelettale und chronologische Alter signifikanten Einfluss auf die CROM hatten.Das beschriebene Konzept dient als Vorstudie für weitere Studien mit größerem Umfang.
Gelenk der Mitte
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDer Beckengürtel reagiert äußerst sensitiv auf Veränderungen der Lastverteilung, des Bewegungsablaufs sowie des myofaszialen, duralen und viszeralen Gleichgewichts im Körper. Das Iliosakralgelenk mit seinen Muskeln, Sehnen und Bändern sowie dem angeschlossenen Sakrum gewährleistet sowohl Stabilität als auch Mobilität für den ganzen Körper. Im vorgestellten Fall führte eine Sektio-Narbe zu einer verminderten Beweglichkeit und erhöhten Spannung im Becken, die sich mit gezielter Mobilisation beheben ließ.
Das breite Spektrum der Komplementärmedizin
Authors: Fischer Sabine 
Published: December 2019

SummaryNeben den bekannteren etablierten Verfahren der Komplementärmedizinexistieren viele weitere, kleinere Verfahren,die in der täglichen Praxis Anwendung finden.Dazu gehören u. a.autologe Therapieverfahren wie dieEigenbluttherapie, Ozon-Sauerstoff-Therapien, die mikrobiologischeTherapie, Regulationstherapien für dasImmunsystem, aber auchkomplementärmedizinischediagnostische Verfahren. Im Beitrag werden die zu Unrechtwenigerbekannten Verfahren skizziert, mit Ausblickauf die wichtigsten Indikationen.
CAMbrella – Eine persönliche Rückschau
Authors: Weidenhammer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDas Projekt CAM brella (A pan-European research network for „Complementary and Alternative Medicine“) wurdeimRahmen des 7. Forschungsprogramms der EUmit 1,5 Mio. €gefördert. Ziel war nicht primär, Forschungzu betreiben, sondern ein Netzwerk zwischeneuropäischen Forschungseinrichtungen aufzubauen. DerAutor war Koordinator des Forschungs-Netzwerks undberichtet rückblickend aus seiner Perspektive.
Stand der Komplementärmedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Irnich Dominik , Bäumler Petra , Hanley Katja 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDie ärztliche Anwendung komplementärmedizinischerMethoden hat eine lange Tradition in Deutschland. Eine allgemein gültigeDefinition des Begriffes Komplementärmedizin(KM) existiert allerdings nicht. Die Zuordnungeines Therapieverfahrens zur KM beruhtauf sozio-kulturellen, berufspolitischen,gesundheitspolitischen, regionalen, juristischen,wissenschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichenFaktoren. Die Verfahren der KM eintdie Aktivierung der Selbstheilung und derganzheitlicheDenkansatz. Komplementärmedizinist ein wesentlicher Teil einer IntegrativenMedizin.DerArtikel gibt eine Übersicht über denaktuellenStatus der Komplementärmedizinimdeutschen Gesundheitssystem sowie inder Forschung und Patientenakzeptanz.
DMSA-camSPECT/US fusion imaging of children’s kidneys – Proof of feasibility
Authors: Gühne Falk , Weigel Friederike , Kühnel Christian , Seifert Philipp , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim SPECT using Tc-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA-camSPECT) and ultrasound (US) are useful diagnostic modalities in pediatric nephrology. Former studies proved SPECT/US fusion to be a problem-solving tool for thyroid and sentinel lymph node imaging. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of real-time DMSA-camSPECT/US fusion in children and to evaluate the technical implementation.
Methods Subsequent to a clinical indicated DMSA-camSPECT showing a mostly normal result, 10 children received a SPECT/US fusion. The magnetic sensor-navigated equipment allows a real-time superposition of three-dimensional SPECT data to live US images according to the position of the transducer.
Results 100 % of still images and 90 % of cine-loops were sufficient to depict the kidney; at least one sufficient camSPECT/US fusion loop could be accomplished for every kidney examined. Limitations are mainly caused by standard difficulties of conventional US.
Conclusion Real-time DMSA-camSPECT/US is feasible in depiction of renal parenchyma. This newly implemented application broadens the scope of SPECT/US fusion imaging.
Correlação entre características antropométricas individuais e as medidas da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Gali Julio Cesar , Del Giglio David Braz , Patriarcha Luís Fernando , Cruz Bruno Azi Pacileo , Gali Filho Julio Cesar 
Published: December 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar possíveis relações entre o peso e altura de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho com o comprimento, largura e área da fóvea do ligamento cruzado anterior, verificados na cirurgia.
Métodos Um total de 33 superfícies articulares tibias proximais, obtidas nos cortes tibiais de artroplastia total do joelho de 33 pacientes, foram utilizadas no presente estudo. O ligamento cruzado anterior foi dissecado cuidadosamente e ressecado com bisturi delicado, para expor sua fóvea. Depois, a periferia dessa fóvea foi demarcada por pequenos pontos, com um marcador. Cada peça foi fotografada e as medições do comprimento, largura e área da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior foram feitas com o programa ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, EUA). A análise estatística avaliou a correlação entre os dados antropométricos dos pacientes com as medidas da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior.
Resultados O comprimento, a largura e a área médios da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior foram, respectivamente 11,7 ± 2,0 mm, 7,1 ± 1,4 mm e 151,3 ± 22,2 mm2. Houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre a altura dos pacientes e a largura da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior. A largura da fóvea do ligamento cruzado anterior pôde ser predita pela fórmula: largura = 107,294–(133,179 × altura) + (44,009 × altura ao quadrado).
Conclusão A altura dos pacientes pôde a prever a largura da fóvea tibial do ligamento cruzado anterior e, assim, pode ajudar os cirurgiões escolher o enxerto mais adequado para cada paciente, nas reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior.
Análise radiográfica de fraturas intra-articulares de calcâneo em pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo em hospital terciário
Authors: Félix Glauter Carlos , Matias Marcelo Silveira , Lira Réjelos Charles Aguiar , Matias Nelson Silveira , de Sousa Clodoaldo José Duarte , Pinto Neto Luiz Holanda 
Published: December 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar pacientes com fraturas intra-articulares de calcâneo tratados entre janeiro de 2015 e agosto de 2016 com técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva, com ênfase no resultado radiológico.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 49 pacientes com 64 fraturas intra-articulares de calcâneo, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo. As lesões foram tratadas com redução aberta por acesso mínimo lateral à articulação subtalar e fixação mínima. Foi realizado estudo radiográfico no pré- e no pós-operatório para aferição dos ângulos de Böhler e de Gissane.
Resultados O ângulo de Böhler médio dos casos antes da cirurgia foi de 2,5°, apresentando aumento da média dos ângulos para 25,3° após o tratamento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo. O ângulo de Gissane médio dos casos antes da cirurgia foi de 136,3°, apresentando diminuição da média dos ângulos para 114,3° na análise após a cirurgia.
Conclusão A técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva permite melhora dos parâmetros radiográficos (ângulos de Böhler e Gissane) nas fraturas intra-articulares de calcâneo, com sua adequada recuperação da forma anatômica.
Bringing the policy in: a new typology of national referendums
Authors: Silagadze Nanuli , Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScholarship has categorized referendums predominantly along their procedural and institutional features. This paper moves beyond these formal dimensions, argues that the policy subjected to a popular vote is the missing link and proposes a complementary typology based on the policy areas. This typology fosters comparisons across countries, political systems and over time within one policy area, thus serving as a powerful analytical tool for further analyses. At the same time, the typology maps out the history of referendum use showing the chronology of salient issues in different societies. The empirical evidence draws on an original dataset of 630 nationwide referendums in Europe between 1793 and 2019.
Inhibiting extracellular vesicles formation and release: a review of EV inhibitors
Authors: Catalano Mariadelva , O'Driscoll Lorraine 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIt is now becoming well established that vesicles are released from a broad range of cell types and are involved in cell‐to‐cell communication, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Once outside the cell, these vesicles are termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cellular origin (cell type), subcellular origin (through the endosomal pathway or pinched from the cell membrane) and content (what proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites) are transported by the EVs, and their size, all seem to be contributing factors to their overall heterogeneity. Efforts are being invested into attempting to block the release of subpopulations of EVs or, indeed, all EVs. Some such studies are focussed on investigating EV inhibitors as research tools; others are interested in the longerterm potential of using such inhibitors in pathological conditions such as cancer. This review, intended to be of relevance to both researchers already well established in the EV field and newcomers to this field, provides an outline of the compounds that have been most extensively studied for this purpose, their proposed mechanisms of actions and the findings of these studies.