bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of solar radiation on root and shoot growth of maize and the quantitative relationship between them
Authors: Guo Xiaoxia , Yang Yunshan , Liu Huifang , Liu Guangzhou , Liu Wanmao , Wang Yonghong , Zhao Rulang , Ming Bo , Xie Ruizhi , Wang Keru , Hou Peng , Xiao Chunhua , Li Shaokun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar radiation is an important environmental factor affecting maize (Zea maysL.) root and shoot growth and grain yield. This study was conducted in Qitai and Yinchuan, China, in 2018 and 2019. The maize cultivars of XY335, ZD958, and DH618 and planting densities of 7.5 × 104(D1) and 12 × 104plants ha−1(D2) were adopted under shading levels of 15 (S1), 30 (S2), and 50% (S3) with natural light as the control (CK). The results showed that averaging all shading and density treatments over the 2 yr, shading reduced the grain yields of XY335, ZD958, and DH618 by an average of 40.4, 39.2, and 35.6%, respectively, compared with the CK. The effect of solar radiation on the root dry weight was greater than that on the shoot dry weight, which resulted in a decrease in root/shoot ratio with increasing shading level. The quantitative analysis results showed that for every 1‐MJ m−2decrease in solar radiation, the root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root/shoot ratio decreased by 0.1938 g m−2, 1.3517 g m−2, and 0.0103 × 10−2, respectively. According to this quantitative relationship, it was helpful to select cultivars and planting density with suitable root characteristics under different solar radiation conditions in different regions. From the aspects of shoot and grain yield, DH618 was more shade resistant, and its root system rapidly adjusted to compensate for shoot growth and yield formation when solar radiation decreased. Such cultivars should be given attention in future production and breeding.
Catalytic C−H Functionalization of Unreactive Furan Cores in Bio‐Derived Platform Chemicals
Authors: Karlinskii Bogdan Y. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractC−H functionalization is one of the most convenient and powerful tools in the arsenal of modern chemistry, deservedly nominated as the “Holy Grail” of organic synthesis. A frequent disadvantage of this method is the need for harsh reaction conditions to carry out transformations of inert C−H bonds, which limits the possibility of its use for modifying less stable substrates. Biomass‐derived furan platform chemicals, which have a relatively unstable aromatic furan core and highly reactive side chain substituents, are extremely promising and valuable organic molecules that are currently widely used in a variety of research and industrial fields. The high sensitivity of furan derivatives to acids, strong oxidants, and high temperatures significantly limits the use of classical methods of C−H functionalization for their modification. New methods of catalytic functionalization of non‐reactive furan cores are urgently required to obtain a new generation of materials with controlled properties and potentially bioactive substances.
Flow cytometric method transfer: Recommendations for best practice
Authors: Cabanski Maciej , Oldaker Teri , Stewart Jennifer J. , Selliah Nithianandan , Eck Steve , Green Cherie , Litwin Virginia , Vitaliti Alessandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs with many aspects of the validation and monitoring of flow cytometric methods, the method transfer processes and acceptance criteria described for other technologies are not fully applicable. This is due to the complexity of the highly configurable instrumentation, the complexity of cellular measurands, the lack of qualified reference materials for most assays, and limited specimen stability. There are multiple reasons for initiating a method transfer, multiple regulatory settings, and multiple context of use. All of these factors influence the specific requirements for the method transfer. This recommendation paper describes the considerations and best practices for the transfer of flow cytometric methods and provides individual case studies as examples. In addition, the manuscript emphasizes the importance of appropriately conducting a method transfer on data reliability.
Emotion dysregulation and suicidality in eating disorders
Authors: Rania Marianna , Monell Elin , Sjölander Arvid , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveSuicidality in eating disorders (EDs) is high, and identification of therapeutically targetable traits associated with past, current, and future suicidality is of considerable clinical importance. We examined overall and ED subtype‐specific associations among suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and general and specific aspects of emotion dysregulation in a large sample of individuals with ED, at presentation for treatment and 1‐year follow‐up.MethodUsing registry data from 2,406 patients, scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale (DERS) at initial registration were examined as predictors of recent suicidal ideation and self‐report lifetime suicide attempts. Associations were examined in the full sample and in each ED subtype. In 406 patients, initial DERS scores were examined as predictors of suicidality at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsOverall DERS was associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, even when adjusting for ED psychopathology and current depression. Perceived lack of emotion regulation strategies showed unique associations with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, both in the full sample and in most ED subtypes. Initial DERS was also associated with follow‐up suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, although this association did not remain when adjusting for past suicidality.DiscussionResults suggest that emotion dysregulation may be a potential mechanism contributing to suicidality in EDs, beyond the effects of ED psychopathology and current depression. Although the prevalence of suicidality differs across ED subtypes, emotion dysregulation may represent a risk trait for future suicidality that applies transdiagnostically. Results support addressing emotion dysregulation in treatment in order to reduce suicidality.
Increased susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Matsushita Kensuke , Marchandot Benjamin , Carmona Adrien , Curtiaud Anais , El Idrissi Anis , Trimaille Antonin , Kibler Marion , Cardi Thomas , Heger Joe , Hess Sebastien , Reydel Antje , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick , Morel Olivier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsCardiovascular disease has been recognized as a major determinant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vulnerability and severity. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and is up‐regulated in patients with heart failure. We sought to examine the potential association between reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Methods and resultsOf the 1162 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between February 2014 and October 2018, we enrolled 889 patients with available clinical follow‐up data. Follow‐up was conducted by telephone interviews 1 month after the start of the French lockdown which began on 17 March 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to LVEF <40% (reduced LVEF) (n = 91) or ≥40% (moderately reduced + preserved LVEF) (n = 798). The incidence of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization or death was significantly higher in the reduced LVEF group as compared with the moderately reduced + preserved LVEF group (9% vs. 1%, P < 0.001). No association was found between discontinuation of ACE‐inhibitor or angiotensin‐receptor blockers and COVID‐19 test positivity. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, reduced LVEF was an independent predictor of COVID‐19 hospitalization or death (odds ratio: 6.91, 95% confidence interval: 2.60 to 18.35, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a large cohort of patients with previous ACS, reduced LVEF was associated with increased susceptibility to COVID‐19. Aggressive COVID‐19 testing and therapeutic strategies may be considered for patient with impaired heart function.
Feasibility of high‐intensity interval training in patients with left ventricular assist devices: a pilot study
Authors: Alvarez Villela Miguel , Chinnadurai Thiru , Salkey Kalil , Furlani Andrea , Yanamandala Mounica , Vukelic Sasha , Sims Daniel B. , Shin Jooyoung J. , Saeed Omar , Jorde Ulrich P. , Patel Snehal R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) suffer from persistent exercise limitation despite improvement of their heart failure syndrome. Exercise training (ET) programmes to improve aerobic capacity have shown modest efficacy. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT), as an alternative to moderate continuous training, has not been systematically tested in this population. We examine the feasibility of a short, personalized HIIT programme in patients with LVAD and describe its effects on aerobic capacity and left ventricular remodelling.Methods and resultsPatients on durable LVAD support were prospectively enrolled in a 15‐session, 5 week HIIT programme. Turndown echocardiogram, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, and cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed before and after HIIT. Training workloads for each subject were based on pretraining peak cardiopulmonary exercise test work rate (W). Percentage of prescribed training workload completed and adverse events were recorded for each subject. Fifteen subjects were enrolled [10 men, age = 51 (29–71) years, HeartMate II = 12, HeartMate 3 = 3, and time on LVAD = 18 (3–64) months]. Twelve completed post‐training testing. HIIT was well tolerated, and 90% (inter‐quartile range: 78, 99%) of the prescribed workload (W) was completed with no major adverse events. Improvements were seen in aV̇O2 at ventilatory threshold [7.1 (6.5, 9.1) to 8.5 (7.7, 9.3) mL/kg/min, P = 0.04], work rate at ventilatory threshold [44 (14, 54) to 55 (21, 66) W, P = 0.05], and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume [168 (144, 216) to 159 (124, 212) mL, n = 7, P = 0.02]. HIIT had no effect on maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score.ConclusionsCardiopulmonary exercise test‐guided HIIT is feasible and can improve submaximal aerobic capacity in stable patients with chronic LVAD support. Further studies are needed on its effects on the myocardium and its potential role in cardiac rehabilitation programmes.
Prevalence of wild type transtyrethin cardiac amyloidosis in a heart failure clinic
Authors: Lindmark Krister , Pilebro Björn , Sundström Torbjörn , Lindqvist Per 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsWild type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) has gained interest during recent years due to better diagnostic tools and the emergence of treatment options. Little is known about the prevalence of the disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence in a heart failure population with myocardial hypertrophy.Methods and resultsAll patients with an ICD code of heart failure living within the catchment area of Umeå University hospital and intraventricular septum >14 mm were offered screening with 3,3‐diphosphono‐1,2‐propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scan and a clinical work up. Out of 2238 patients with heart failure, 174 patients were found to have a septum >14 mm. Ten patients were already diagnosed with hereditary ATTR cardiomyopathy, 12 patients had ATTRwt cardiomyopathy, 12 patients had known HCM, one patient had AL amyloidosis, and four patients had already undergone a negative DPD scan (DPD uptake grade 0 and 1) within the last 3 years. This left 134 patients who we tried to contact for screening, but 48 patients had either died or declined to participate. Out of 86 screened patients, 13 had a DPD uptake of grade 2 or 3 without other amyloid disease making the total number of patients with ATTRwt in this population 25.ConclusionsApproximately 20% of investigated patients in a cohort with heart failure and increased myocardial wall thickness has ATTRwt. Calculated for the whole population of heart failure patients, the prevalence is just over 1.1%. Comparing this number to the total population would give an estimated prevalence of 1:6000.
FDS simulations and modelling efforts of travelling fires in a large elongated compartment
Authors: Anderson Johan , Sjöström Johan , Temple Alastair , Charlier Marion , Dai Xu , Welch Stephen , Rush David 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe present paper investigates a travelling fire scenario in an elongated structure (Length 18 m × width 6 m × height 3 m) with a controlled fire source of six trays filled with diesel (width 4 m × length 0.5 m). The fire spread is controlled manually by initiating fires consecutively in the pools. Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is used to a‐priori investigate variations in geometry, material data and fire load, whereas simulations using the final design and measured heat release rates (HRR) were performed after the test. The input to the model beside fire source and geometry are thermal material data. The FDS simulations were used to determine the appropriate size of the downstands (2 m from the ceiling in the final design) on the side to create a sufficiently one‐dimensional fire spread. The post‐test simulations indicate that although there are a lot of variations not included in the model similar results were obtained as in the test.
Development of nanochitosan‐based active packaging films containing free and nanoliposome caraway (Carum carvi. L) seed extract
Authors: Homayounpour Parisa , Shariatifar Nabi , Alizadeh‐Sani Mahmood 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe biocompatible active films were prepared based on nanochitosan (NCh) containing free and nanoliposome caraway seed extract (NLCE). The produced films were characterized by physico‐mechanical, barrier, structural, color, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The average particle size of NLCE was 78–122 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was obtained 49.87%–73.07%. Nanoliposomes with the lowest size and the highest encapsulation efficiency were merged with the film samples. NCh/CE3% and NCh/NLCE3% films had higher stability compared to other films and showed the highest antimicrobial activity (3.68 mm inhibition) and radical quenching capacity (51%), respectively. Likewise, biodegradable active films containing nanoliposomes had lower antimicrobial potential and higher antioxidant capacity than films containing free extract with similar concentration. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed new interactions between NCh and nanoliposomes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation also exhibited a homogenous structure and nearly smooth surface morphology with a good dispersion for NCh/NLCE films. Despite an increase in yellowness (b value) and a decrease in whiteness (L value) index, the incorporation of nanoliposomes within the NCh films improved the mechanical flexibility (from 10.2% to 15.05%) and reduced water vapor permeability (WVP) (from 14.2 × 10–12 g/m·s·Pa to 11.9 × 10–12 g/m·s·Pa). Today, due to the growing trend toward natural ingredients, the use of nanoparticles derived from plant derivatives has expanded in the food industry owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Rapid invisible frequency tagging reveals nonlinear integration of auditory and visual information
Authors: Drijvers Linda , Jensen Ole , Spaak Eelke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring communication in real‐life settings, the brain integrates information from auditory and visual modalities to form a unified percept of our environment. In the current magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we used rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) to generate steady‐state evoked fields and investigated the integration of audiovisual information in a semantic context. We presented participants with videos of an actress uttering action verbs (auditory; tagged at 61 Hz) accompanied by a gesture (visual; tagged at 68 Hz, using a projector with a 1,440 Hz refresh rate). Integration difficulty was manipulated by lower‐order auditory factors (clear/degraded speech) and higher‐order visual factors (congruent/incongruent gesture). We identified MEG spectral peaks at the individual (61/68 Hz) tagging frequencies. We furthermore observed a peak at the intermodulation frequency of the auditory and visually tagged signals (fvisual − fauditory = 7 Hz), specifically when lower‐order integration was easiest because signal quality was optimal. This intermodulation peak is a signature of nonlinear audiovisual integration, and was strongest in left inferior frontal gyrus and left temporal regions; areas known to be involved in speech‐gesture integration. The enhanced power at the intermodulation frequency thus reflects the ease of lower‐order audiovisual integration and demonstrates that speech‐gesture information interacts in higher‐order language areas. Furthermore, we provide a proof‐of‐principle of the use of RIFT to study the integration of audiovisual stimuli, in relation to, for instance, semantic context.
Enhanced‐contrast two‐photon optogenetic pH sensing and pH‐resolved brain imaging
Authors: Chebotarev Artem S. , Pochechuev Matvei S. , Lanin Aleksandr A. , Kelmanson Ilya V. , Kotova Daria A. , Fetisova Elena S. , Panova Anastasiya S. , Bilan Dmitry S. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present experiments on cell cultures and brain slices that demonstrate two‐photon optogenetic pH sensing and pH‐resolved brain imaging using a laser driver whose spectrum is carefully tailored to provide the maximum contrast of a ratiometric two‐photon fluorescence readout from a high‐brightness genetically encoded yellow‐fluorescent‐protein‐based sensor, SypHer3s. Two spectrally isolated components of this laser field are set to induce two‐photon‐excited fluorescence (2PEF) by driving SypHer3s through one of two excitation pathways—via either the protonated or deprotonated states of its chromophore. With the spectrum of the laser field accurately adjusted for a maximum contrast of these two 2PEF signals, the ratio of their intensities is shown to provide a remarkably broad dynamic range for pH measurements, enabling high‐contrast optogenetic deep‐brain pH sensing and pH‐resolved 2PEF imaging within a vast class of biological systems, ranging from cell cultures to the living brain.
Psychometric properties of the Alliance and Negotiation Scale‐Supervision Version
Authors: Presseau Candice , Doran Jennifer M. , Marks Laura Reid , Luu Linh P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the psychometric properties of the Alliance Negotiation Scale‐Supervision Version (ANS‐S) for clinical trainees. Analyses were designed to evaluate the relationship between the ANS‐S and other measures of supervision process and outcome.MethodOnline surveys included items from established measures in addition to questions about supervisor and supervisee training experiences. The survey was administered to a sample of mental health clinicians practicing under a licensed supervisor (N = 113).ResultsThe ANS‐S (a 12‐item unidimensional scale) demonstrated sound psychometric properties, including evidence of reliability as well as content and construct validity.ConclusionsThe ANS‐S was associated with several related supervision measures and outcome variables in the expected directions. These results extend previous findings on the ANS' psychometric integrity and offer a validated measure that can be used in further research on supervision.
Impact of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics, Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in the Development of Antibody‐Drug Conjugates
Authors: Li Chunze , Chen Shang‐Chiung , Chen Yuan , Girish Sandhya , Kågedal Matts , Lu Dan , Lu Tong , Samineni Divya , Jin Jin Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates are important molecular entities in the treatment of cancer, with 8 antibody‐drug conjugates approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 2000 and many more in early‐ and late‐stage clinical development. These conjugates combine the target specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent anticancer activity of small‐molecule therapeutics. The complex structure of antibody‐drug conjugates poses unique challenges to pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characterization because it requires a quantitative understanding of the PK and PD properties of multiple different molecular species (eg, conjugate, total antibody, and unconjugated payload) in different tissues. Quantitative clinical pharmacology using mathematical modeling and simulation provides an excellent approach to overcome these challenges, as it can simultaneously integrate the disposition, PK, and PD of antibody‐drug conjugates and their components in a quantitative manner. In this review, we highlight diverse quantitative clinical pharmacology approaches, ranging from system models (eg, physiologically based pharmacokinetic [PBPK] modeling) to mechanistic and empirical models (eg, population PK/PD modeling for single or multiple analytes, exposure‐response modeling, platform modeling by pooling data across multiple antibody‐drug conjugates). The impact of these PBPK and PK/PD models to provide insights into clinical dosing justification and inform drug development decisions is also highlighted.
Greater dapivirine release from the dapivirine vaginal ring is correlated with lower risk of HIV‐1 acquisition: a secondary analysis from a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Brown Elizabeth R , Hendrix Craig W , van der Straten Ariane , Kiweewa Flavia M , Mgodi Nyaradzo M , Palanee‐Philips Thesla , Marzinke Mark A , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Soto‐Torres Lydia , Hillier Sharon L , Baeten Jared M ,   the MTN‐020/ASPIRE Study Team
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionA vaginal ring containing 25 mg of the antiretroviral dapivirine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing women’s risk of sexually acquiring HIV‐1; however, imperfect ring use likely diluted efficacy estimates in clinical trials. The amount of dapivirine remaining in returned rings may reflect the extent of product use, permitting estimation of HIV protection in the context of consistent use.MethodsWe measured the amount of dapivirine in returned rings from a placebo‐controlled trial of the dapivirine vaginal ring conducted between August 2012 and June 2015 among 2629 African women. Phase I/II studies established that greater than 4 mg of dapivirine on average is released from the ring when used consistently over 28 days and ≤0.9 mg released suggested non‐use. We assessed the relative risk reduction associated with levels of ring use using residual dapivirine in returned rings as a time‐dependent covariate for HIV‐1 infection in multivariable Cox models, including multiple exploratory analyses designed to estimate upper limits of efficacy given uncertainty in timing of HIV‐1 acquisition. All models were adjusted for baseline covariates associated with HIV risk and adherence.ResultsResidual dapivirine levels indicating at least some use (>0.9 mg released over a month) were associated with a 48% relative reduction in HIV‐1 acquisition risk (95% confidence interval (CI): 21% to 66%; p = 0.002) compared to the placebo. Exploratory analyses accounting for potential misclassification in timing of HIV‐1 acquisition estimated 75% to 91% HIV‐1 risk reduction with> 4 mg released when compared to placebo. Results limited to the subgroup of women <25 years of age, who tended to have lower adherence, were generally consistent to those overall.ConclusionsResidual dapivirine levels, an objective measure of adherence, were correlated with HIV‐1 protection in a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Periods of ring use were associated with approximately 50% protection, with exploratory analyses suggesting higher protection with more consistent use. The dapivirine vaginal ring is the first method to fulfil the promise of a fully reversible, long‐acting, woman‐initiated approach for discreet HIV‐1 prevention.