bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of recurrent seizure disorders and epilepsy in cats under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom
Authors: O'Neill Dan Gerard , Phillipps Stephanie A. , Egan Jordon R. , Brodbelt David , Church David B. , Volk Holger A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle epidemiological evaluation of recurrent seizure disorders in cats currently exists in veterinary literature.ObjectivesTo report the prevalence and risk factors for recurrent seizure disorders (RSD) and epilepsy in cats presented to primary care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom (UK).AnimalsA total of 285 547 cats under veterinary care during 2013 presenting to 282 primary care clinics in the UK.MethodsCohort study using multivariable logistic regression modeling for risk factor analysis.ResultsThere were 458 confirmed RSD cases, giving a 1‐year period prevalence of 0.16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15‐0.18). A subset of 114 (24.89%) cases was recorded as having epilepsy, giving a 1‐year period prevalence of 0.04% (95% CI, 0.03‐0.5). Increasing age was significantly associated with increasing odds of RSD. Breed, sex, neuter status, and body weight were not associated with RSD. Epilepsy was most frequently diagnosed in adult to middle‐aged cats. Cats aged 3.0 to <6.0 years had 3.32 times higher odds of epilepsy diagnosis compared to cats <3.0 years of age. Insured cats were more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy compared to noninsured cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough less common than in dogs, RSD and epilepsy still comprise an important disorder group in the UK cat population. Aging is a significant risk factor for these disorders in cats.
Prevalence of seizures in dogs and cats with idiopathic internal hydrocephalus and seizure prevalence after implantation of a ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt
Authors: Farke Daniela , Kolecka Malgorzata , Czerwik Adriana , Wrzosek Marcin , Schaub Sebastian , Kramer Martin , Failing Klaus , Schmidt Martin Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeizures are considered a clinical sign in dogs with internal hydrocephalus but are not found in recent studies. Seizure prevalence due to ventricular enlargement and the prevalence of postoperative seizures in animals is not known.ObjectivesTo determine seizure prevalence in dogs and cats with idiopathic internal hydrocephalus, to identify risk factors for seizure development, and to determine seizure prevalence in a 2‐year period after ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting (VPS).AnimalsRecords and MRIs of 197 animals from 2001 to December 2019 were investigated. A total of 121 animals (98 dogs and 23 cats) were included in the study.MethodsA retrospective multicenter case cohort study was conducted. Databases were searched for dogs and cats with internal hydrocephalus. MRI and CSF examinations were evaluated for signs of additional underlying disorders. Prevalence of seizures was estimated for animals showing only hydrocephalus internus. Risk factors were evaluated according to age, morphometric and morphological findings in the brain. All animals that underwent surgery were reexamined 2 years after surgery.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one animals (98 dogs and 23 cats) with internal hydrocephalus met the inclusion criteria. Seizure prevalence in dogs and cats with internal hydrocephalus was low (1.7%; <5.8% CI 95%). Seizures were not observed in the 2‐year period after surgery.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSeizure prevalence in dogs and cats diagnosed with hydrocephalus internus is low. Seizures in association with VPS do not seem to be a complication of the procedure.
Validity of the MacDonald triad as a forensic construct: Links with psychopathology and patterns of aggression in sex offenders
Authors: Joubert David , Welsh Kelsey , Edward Lauren Joy 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe MacDonald triad is composed of three developmental markers, including cruelty to animals, firesetting, and enuresis after the age of 5. Although there has been considerable interest in this construct initially, research has produced inconsistent results regarding its validity in terms of distinguishing between offender and non‐offender populations, or predicting future offences. The current study investigated the links between the triad, dimensions of psychopathology, and trajectories of aggression in a sample of 254 rapists previously collected from a single forensic mental health institution in the United States.MethodA retrospective temporal design was used to examine associations between variables in a sequence of ten offences.ResultsLatent structure analyses yielded a two‐class solution for the triad indicators, a five‐dimensional model for psychopathology and three trajectories for the aggression variables over a sequence of ten offences. Univariate analyses revealed that the class characterized primarily by a high prevalence of cruelty to animals and firesetting was associated with a higher level of antisocial and aggressive traits, as well as with a trajectory of offending featuring higher levels of expressive aggression, at least during the first few offences in the sequence. These associations were large and weak‐to‐moderate in magnitude, respectively.ConclusionsIf replicated, these findings may suggest that a particular subgroup of sex offenders showing components of the triad are at particular risk of developing antisocial features, thus impacting the level of risk they pose to potential victims and the community.
Evidence for the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis from genome‐wide SNPs in a Neotropical dry forest specialist, the Rufous‐fronted Thornbird (Furnariidae: Phacellodomus rufifrons)
Authors: Corbett Eamon C. , Bravo Gustavo A. , Schunck Fabio , Naka Luciano N. , Silveira Luís F. , Edwards Scott V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSouth American dry forests have a complex and poorly understood biogeographic history. Based on the fragmented distribution of many Neotropical dry forest species, it has been suggested that this biome was more widely distributed and contiguous under drier climate conditions in the Pleistocene. To test this scenario, known as the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis, we studied the phylogeography of the Rufous‐fronted Thornbird (Phacellodomus rufifrons), a widespread dry forest bird with a disjunct distribution closely matching that of the biome itself. We sequenced mtDNA and used ddRADseq to sample 7,167 genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 74 P. rufifrons individuals across its range. We found low genetic differentiation over two prominent geographic breaks — particularly across a 1,000 km gap between populations in Bolivia and Northern Peru. Using demographic analyses of the joint site frequency spectrum, we found evidence of recent divergence without subsequent gene flow across those breaks. By contrast, parapatric morphologically distinct populations in northeastern Brazil show high genetic divergence with evidence of recent gene flow. These results, in combination with our paleoclimate species distribution modelling, support the idea that currently disjunct patches of dry forest were more connected in the recent past, probably during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. This notion fits the major predictions of the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis and illustrates the importance of comprehensive genomic and geographic sampling for examining biogeographic and evolutionary questions in complex ecosystems like Neotropical dry forests.
At the scene of the crime: New insights into the role of weakly pathogenic members of the fusarium head blight disease complex
Authors: Tan Jiang , Ameye Maarten , Landschoot Sofie , De Zutter Noémie , De Saeger Sarah , De Boevre Marthe , Abdallah Mohamed F. , Van der Lee Theo , Waalwijk Cees , Audenaert Kris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlant diseases are often caused by a consortium of pathogens competing with one another to gain a foothold in the infection niche. Nevertheless, studies are often limited to a single pathogen on its host. In Europe, fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat is caused by multiple Fusarium species, including Fusarium graminearum and F. poae. Here, we combined a time series of (co)inoculations, monitored by multispectral imaging, transcriptional, and mycotoxin analyses, to study the temporal interaction between both species and wheat. Our results showed coinoculation of F. graminearum and F. poae inhibited symptom development but did not alter mycotoxin accumulation compared to a single inoculation with F. graminearum. In contrast, preinoculation of F. poae reduced both FHB symptoms and mycotoxin levels compared to a single F. graminearum infection. Interestingly, F. poae exhibited increased growth in dual infections, demonstrating that this weak pathogen takes advantage of its co‐occurrence with F. graminearum. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that F. poae induces LOX and ICS gene expression in wheat. We hypothesize that the early induction of salicylic and jasmonic acid‐related defences by F. poae hampers a subsequent F. graminearum infection. This study is the first to report on the defence mechanisms of the plant involved in a tripartite interaction between two species of a disease complex and their host.
Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Navi Zahra , Fata Abdolmajid , Jafari Rad Mozhdeh , Mogaddas Elham , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Rastin Maryam , Mousavi Bazaz Mojtaba , Lavi Arab Fahimeh , Sahab Negah Sajad , Reza Heidari Amir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed at investigating the impact of Dicrocoelium ova on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) treatment in C57BL6 mice.Methods and ResultsTwenty‐eight C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups as PBS, prophylaxis (P), treatment1 (T1) and treatment2 (T2). Prior to induction of EAE in prophylaxis group and on days 7 and 18 in T1 and T2 groups, respectively, Dicrocoelium eggs were injected intraperitoneally to each mouse. The clinical score, weight changes and incidence time of EAE were recorded. IFN‐γ and IL‐4 expression is quantified on spleen cells. Also, histopathological study by (H&E) and Toluidine‐Blue (TB), and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) were performed. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Mean disease scores were significantly lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group (P = .01). IFN‐γ was lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group. The highest level of IL‐4 was observed in T1 group. The total number of neuroglia cells of corpus callosum was similar in all groups, but the density increased in T1 group compared to the PBS group (P = .03).ConclusionsDicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.
An overview of cytokine used as adjuvants in fish: current state and future trends
Authors: Guo Ming , Li Chenghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVaccination is the most appropriate way to control pathogens that threaten the global aquaculture industry. Unfortunately, vaccines generally do not provide satisfactory immune protection, especially those based on inactivated pathogens or recombinant antigens. Thus, it is necessary for adjuvants or immunostimulants to be used to improve the vaccine efficacy. Traditional adjuvants such as aluminium salts adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant, are the most effective known adjuvants in aquaculture; however, due to their disadvantages, such as low adjuvanticity, short lasting time and serious side effects in vivo were also occurred. Searching for some combinations or alternative molecules of them as adjuvants is feasible to increase animal welfare without lowering the levels of immune protection. Recent advances in immunology confirmed that cytokines used as adjuvants have the advantages of eliciting the expression of costimulatory molecular and polarization of antigen‐presenting cells compared with aluminium slats adjuvant and oil adjuvant in fish farming. Moreover, the effects of most adjuvants are exerted mainly through the induction of cytokines production. Nowadays, cytokines have been evaluated for their abilities to offer effective adjuvant activities in both animal models and human studies. In this review, we summarized previous studies performed with different Th cytokines used as adjuvants on different types of fish vaccines, focusing on their protective efficacies and effects on the fish immune system as they delivered in vivo.
Vitrification of donkey sperm using straws as an alternative to conventional slow freezing
Authors: Diaz‐Jimenez Maria , Dorado Jesús , Pereira Blasa , Consuegra Cesar , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCryoprotectant‐free vitrification of donkey sperm using 0.25 ml straws has been recently developed, but the obtained results have not been directly compared to conventional slow freezing yet. The aim of this study was to compare sperm quality parameters after cryopreservation using both methods. Semen samples were collected from three Andalusian Donkeys. Semen was centrifuged and pellets resuspended with an extender with glycerol for conventional freezing or the same extender without glycerol, but with sucrose 0.1 mol/L for vitrification. Conventional freezing was performed in nitrogen vapours and thawed in a water bath (30s/37°C). Vitrification was performed in covered 0.25 ml straws plunged directly into liquid nitrogen and warmed in 3 ml of a milk‐based extender at 43°C. Total (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were evaluated by computer‐assisted sperm analysis, and plasma membrane (PMI, %) and acrosome (AIS, %) integrities by epifluorescence microscopy. No differences (p > .05) were found between slow freezing and vitrification methods for any of the parameters assessed: TM (58.2 ± 16.1% vs. 52.7 ± 15.6%), PM (44.7 ± 18.2% vs. 44.3 ± 15.0%), PMI (55.4 ± 9.0% vs. 49.2 ± 11.2%) and AIS (38.4 ± 19.6% vs. 45.0 ± 11.0%), respectively. In conclusion, donkey sperm vitrification in straws presented similar sperm quality after thawing in comparison to conventional freezing. Therefore, it could be considered as an alternative to slow freezing regarding the sperm parameters assessed.
Kitchen Hygiene in the Spotlight: How Cooking Shows Influence Viewers’ Hygiene Practices
Authors: Koch Severine , Lohmann Mark , Geppert Jasmin , Stamminger Rainer , Epp Astrid , Böl Gaby‐Fleur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoor hygiene when handling food is a major cause of foodborne illness. To investigate whether hygiene practices visible in television cooking shows influence viewers’ kitchen hygiene, a study on the adoption of demonstrated hygiene behavior was conducted under controlled, experimental conditions. In a study ostensibly on cooking by following recipes participants (n = 65) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, in which they watched a cooking video that differed only with regard to the hygiene behavior of the chef. In condition 1, the chef engaged in poor hygiene practices while preparing the dish, in condition 2 the chef's hygiene behavior was exemplary and in condition 3, the chef's hygiene behavior was not visible (control condition). After watching the video, participants were instructed to cook the recipe individually in the fully equipped laboratory kitchen. Cooking sessions were videotaped and experimenters blind to condition coded hygiene lapses committed by participants. The level of kitchen hygiene displayed in the cooking video significantly affected hygiene practices of participants cooking the recipe. Participants who had watched the cooking video with correct hygiene practices committed significantly fewer hygiene lapses than those who had watched the video with poor hygiene practices. From a risk communication perspective, TV cooking shows are well placed to convey knowledge of essential hygiene practices during food preparation to a broad audience. To facilitate behavioral change toward safer food‐handling practices among viewers, visibly performing correct hygiene practices in cooking shows is a promising strategy.
Late Quaternary thrusting in the southern margin of the Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland
Authors: Pang Lichen , Cheng Lu , Lu Honghua , Guan Xue , Wu Dengyun , Zheng Xiangmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThrusting and the associated folding are crucial geological processes accommodating the crustal shortening in a foreland setting. This work focuses on the late Quaternary thrusting of the Banfanggou fault (BF) in the southern Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland. The outcrops at the Urumqi River in the western part of the southern margin of the basin show that the BF, dipping south with angle of 60–80 °, has thrust the Neogene mudstone onto the Quaternary gravels and has displaced the terrace surfaces. In contrast, the eastern segment of the BF exists as a blind thrust fault. By using the geomorphic surface (river terrace and alluvial fan) as the reference, the average rate of vertical slip on the western segment of the BF over the past ~12 ka is estimated to ~1.7 mm/year, and the estimated rate at the eastern segment of the fault is ~1.0–1.3 mm/year. Despite of the uncertainties of the rates deriving from the vertical offsets and the geomorphic ages, the resultant vertical slip rates might imply relatively high seismic risk in the southern Chaiwopu Basin.
Tracking exocytosis of a GPI‐anchored protein in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Peñalva Miguel A. , Moscoso‐Romero Esteban , Hernández‐González Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSecretion of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein (GPI‐AP) EglC was investigated in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, exploiting a sucrose‐inducible promoter to conditionally express the protein in cells blocked at different steps of exocytosis. EglC is delivered to the cell surface in a polarized fashion, but appears to redistribute rapidly toward apico‐distal regions. Inactivation of SarASar1 mediating COPII vesicle biogenesis resulted in the accumulation of EglC in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but, rather than concentrating in ER‐exit‐sites, the reporter labeled the ER uniformly. Abnormal posttranslational modifications of EglC were detected in sarAts and sed5ts mutants, suggesting that blocking COPII biogenesis or traffic in the ER/Golgi interface might affect GPI remodeling. EglC delivery to the plasma membrane requires, besides Golgi function, the TRAPPII complex mediating the biogenesis of RAB11 secretory vesicles at the TGN, but is unaffected by the absence of RAB5, the key regulator of early endosome biogenesis/maturation. Thus, unlike the soluble extracellular enzyme inulinase, EglC is directly delivered from the TGN to the plasma membrane without involvement of endosomes. We conclude that in A. nidulans, GPI‐APs follow a direct secretory pathway from the ER to the plasma membrane.
Sentinel lymph node detection differs when comparing lymphoscintigraphy to lymphography using water soluble iodinated contrast medium and digital radiography in dogs
Authors: Hlusko Katelyn C. , Cole Robert , Tillson David Michael , Boothe Harry W. , Almond Greg , Coggeshall Whitney S. , Matz Brad M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping by various means has become standard of care in certain types of human cancers and is receiving more attention in veterinary oncology. Current SLN mapping techniques can be costly and often require advanced imaging equipment. The objective of this prospective, method comparison study was to compare an SLN mapping protocol of lymphoscintigraphy to lymphography using water soluble iodinated contrast medium (WIC) and digital radiography for identification of an SLN. Lymphoscintigraphy and lymphography were performed on eight healthy purpose‐bred dogs using technetium‐99m sulfur colloid and WIC injected into the subcutaneous tissues in a four‐quadrant technique around a predefined area of skin on the brachium. Images were obtained using a gamma camera and digital radiography at different time points post‐injection. Image sequences were evaluated by one of two American College of Veterinary Radiology board‐certified veterinary radiologists. Data obtained were compared between methods using descriptive statistics. An SLN was identified in all dogs with lymphoscintigraphy and seven of eight dogs with lymphography. Agreement between results of the lymphoscintigraphy and lymphography studies was a complete match in three dogs, a partial match in four dogs, and no match in one dog. The SLN detected differed based on the imaging modality used.
Assessing the Influence of Compression Ratio on Engine Characteristics Including Operational Limits of a Biogas-Fueled Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Gupta Sachin Kumar , Mittal Mayank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biogas, which is a renewable alternative fuel, has high antiknocking properties with the potential to substitute fossil fuels in internal combustion engines. In this study, performance characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine operated under methane (baseline case) and biogas are compared at the compression ratio (CR) of 8.5:1. Subsequently, the effect of CR on operational limits, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of the engine fueled with biogas is evaluated. A variable compression ratio, spark-ignition engine was operated at various CRs of 8.5:1, 10:1, 11:1, 13:1, and 15:1 over a wide range of operating loads at 1500 rpm. Results showed that the operating range of the engine at 8.5:1 CR reduced when biogas was utilized in the engine instead of methane. However, the operating range of the engine for biogas extended with an increase in CR—an increase from 9.6 N-m-16.5 N-m to 2.8 N-m-15.1 N-m was observed when CR was increased from 8.5:1 to 15:1. The brake thermal efficiency improved from 13.7% to 16.3%, and the coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) reduced from 12.7% to 1.52% when CR was increased from 8.5:1 to 15:1 at 8 N-m load. The emission level of carbon dioxide was decreased with an increase in CR due to an improvement in the thermal efficiency and the combustion process.
Transient Performance Analysis of an Aero Gas Turbine Cooled Cooling Air Heat Exchanger
Authors: Mucci Alberto , Kholi Foster Kwame , Ha Man Yeong , Min June Kee , Beecroft Peeter , Chetwynd-Chatwin Jason 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aviation faces several challenges to maintain growth while adapting to an environmentally viable footprint. Increasing efficiency, which in the past induced a steady rise in the turbine entry temperatures, requires successful cooling of critical components to relieve the combined effects of higher temperatures and pressures. Starting with a conceptual design that alters the flow path of the secondary air system to divert bled air into a heat exchanger, this research focuses on assessing the effects of actual flight conditions on a cooled cooling air (CCA) system. In particular, the study undertakes a transient analysis of the CCA heat exchanger under a stressful temperature increase. The performance of the unit from idle to max take off (MTO) conditions required a unique facility for experimental testing, also capable of reaching and sustaining the necessary specifications. The novelty of the concept compelled the development of numerical models to aid the design and evaluation of the experiment. These models use one- and three-dimensional techniques to perform preemptive analysis of the test range, to ensure safety during the actual test, and to provide valuable information about the facility system and the inner flow structure of the heat exchanger. The study completed successful experiments using numerically generated procedures. A back-to-back configuration, representative of multiple installations, offers evidence about the cross-influence of each heat exchanger. The research also examined the dynamic effects to provide the bases for further studies focusing on this topic.