bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two subreddits: Change and continuity in teaching‐related online spaces
Authors: Staudt Willet K. Bret , Carpenter Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite social media’s ubiquity in modern life, research on some topics related to educators’ use of social media for professional purposes remains underdeveloped, such as how use may change over time. This study explores educators’ self‐directed learning through social media by comparing change and continuity in how users contribute, interact and converse in two teaching‐related subreddits, r/Teachers and r/education. More than a million Reddit contributions spanning three‐and‐a‐half years comprise the dataset: 696 660 contributions to r/Teachers from 55 148 users and 339 618 contributions to r/education from 43 711 users. Learning ecology and affinity space concepts frame multiple methods of analysis, including quantitative measures of individual contributions, content interactions and social interactions, as well as qualitative content analysis of top posts and responses. Findings are discussed in light of the literature as change and continuity in Redditors’ participation patterns in the two subreddits suggest distinct spaces for distinct purposes. This study offers a starting point for further work to understand the opportunities and challenges of self‐directed learning in open and complex social media spaces.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Educators use social media to reach outside their local contexts for self‐directed learning.
Teaching‐related subreddits vary in how users contribute and interact.
What this paper adds

Different online spaces host distinct kinds of discussion.
Educators’ participation in online spaces is not static.
Social media research methods should account for the possibilities of change and continuity in contributions, interactions and conversations.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Teaching‐related subreddits continue to grow and may offer helpful content and interactions to users; however, self‐directed learning through social media also necessitates increased digital literacy.
r/Teachers appeared to be a conversational space primarily for teachers.
r/education seemed to be a bulletin board space for posting about broader educational topics.
Skipping a step: what happened to the design of randomized clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?
Authors: Smolej Lukáš 
Published: November 2020

SummaryClinical research of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has been advancing at an unprecedented pace. Several randomized studies in the current era of oral targeted agents seem to have skipped one step and proceeded directly to combinations with antibodies, omitting the testing of novel‐agent monotherapy. Thus, the ibrutinib + rituximab combination was used as the experimental arm in a major trial for untreated fit patients while two other trials subsequently showed that addition of rituximab to ibrutinib does not produce any meaningful benefit. Similarly, two large trials omitted venetoclax monotherapy and proceeded directly to venetoclax + rituximab or obinutuzumab versus chemoimmunotherapy. While such trials are undoubtedly cheaper, quicker and easier to manage, they leave the CLL community with uncertainty regarding the real role of the monoclonal antibody components. Thus, we are left with regimens which are undoubtedly effective, but might actually be unnecessarily toxic and expensive. The solution to this problem is simple: future randomized trials should be carefully designed in a ‘step by step’ fashion which would provide the CLL community with simple yet robust answers regarding efficacy of novel regimens so that these can be introduced to practice following the best principles of evidence‐based medicine.
Glacial dynamics and deglaciation history of Hambergbukta reconstructed from submarine landforms and sediment cores, SE Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: Noormets Riko , Flink Anne , Kirchner Nina 
Published: November 2020

The submarine landforms and shallow sediment record are presented from Hambergbukta, southeastern Spitsbergen using swath‐bathymetric, subbottom acoustic, and sediment core data. The mapped landforms include large terminal and end‐moraines with associated debrisflow aprons on their distal flanks, drumlinized till surface, glacial lineations, medial and retreat moraines, crevasse squeeze ridge networks, eskers, as well as iceberg‐produced terraces and plough‐marks. Analysis of the landforms and landform assemblages in combination with the sediment core data and aerial imagery studies reveal a complex and dynamic glacial history of Hambergbukta. We present a detailed history of Hambergbreen glacier indicating two previously unknown surges as well as new details on the nature of the subsequent ice‐margin retreat. The results from two gravity cores combined with the shallow acoustic stratigraphy and high‐resolution bathymetry suggest that the c. AD 1900 surge was less extensive than previously thought and the retreat was most likely rapid after the c. AD 1900 and 1957 surges of the Hambergbreen. Mixed benthic foraminifera collected from the outer fjord basin date to 2456 cal. a BP, suggesting older sediments were re‐worked by the c. AD 1900 surge. This highlights the importance of exercising caution when using foraminifers for dating surge events in fjord basins enclosed by prominent end‐moraines.
Prevalence and risk/protective indicators of peri‐implant diseases: A university‐representative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Romandini Mario , Lima Cristina , Pedrinaci Ignacio , Araoz Ana , Soldini Maria Costanza , Sanz Mariano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases and to identify risk/protective indicators of peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and forty randomly selected patients from a university clinic database were invited to participate. Those who accepted, once data from their medical and dental history were collected, were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the prevalence of peri‐implant health and diseases. Peri‐implantitis was defined as the presence of BoP/SoP together with radiographic bone levels (BL) ≧2 mm. An intermediate peri‐implant health category between peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis was also identified, defined by the presence of BoP/SoP together with 1 mm ≦BL < 2 mm. A multilevel multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify those factors associated either positively (risk) or negatively (protective) with peri‐implantitis.ResultsNinety‐nine patients with a total of 458 dental implants were analyzed. The prevalences of pre‐periimplantitis and of peri‐implantitis were, respectively, 31.3% and 56.6% at patient‐level, while 31.7% and 27.9% at implant level. The following factors were identified as risk indicators for peri‐implantitis: smoking (OR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.52–8.45), moderate/severe periodontitis (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.20–6.36), <16 remaining teeth (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.05–4.73), plaque (OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.13–10.75), implant malposition (too vestibular: OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.17–6.93), implant brand (Nobel vs. Straumann: OR = 4.41;95% CI: 1.76–11.09), restoration type (bridge vs. single crown: OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.19–5.12), and trauma as reason of tooth loss (vs. caries: OR = 6.51; 95% CI: 1.45–29.26). Conversely, the following factors were identified as protective indicators: interproximal flossing/brushing (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11–0.68), proton pump inhibitors (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.90), and anticoagulants (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.56).ConclusionsPeri‐implant diseases are highly prevalent among patients with dental implants in this university‐based population. Several factors were identified as risk‐ and protective‐ indicators of peri‐implantitis.
Implications of scale dependence for cross‐study syntheses of biodiversity differences
Authors: Spake Rebecca , Mori Akira S. , Beckmann Michael , Martin Philip A. , Christie Alec P. , Duguid Marlyse C. , Doncaster C. Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiodiversity studies are sensitive to well‐recognised temporal and spatial scale dependencies. Cross‐study syntheses may inflate these influences by collating studies that vary widely in the numbers and sizes of sampling plots. Here we evaluate sources of inaccuracy and imprecision in study‐level and cross‐study estimates of biodiversity differences, caused by within‐study grain and sample sizes, biodiversity measure, and choice of effect‐size metric. Samples from simulated communities of old‐growth and secondary forests demonstrated influences of all these parameters on the accuracy and precision of cross‐study effect sizes. In cross‐study synthesis by formal meta‐analysis, the metric of log response ratio applied to measures of species richness yielded better accuracy than the commonly used Hedges' g metric on species density, which dangerously combined higher precision with persistent bias. Full‐data analyses of the raw plot‐scale data using multilevel models were also susceptible to scale‐dependent bias. We demonstrate the challenge of detecting scale dependence in cross‐study synthesis, due to ubiquitous covariation between replication, variance and plot size. We propose solutions for diagnosing and minimising bias. We urge that empirical studies publish raw data to allow evaluation of covariation in cross‐study syntheses, and we recommend against using Hedges' g in biodiversity meta‐analyses.
Keloid disorder: Fibroblast differentiation and gene expression profile in fibrotic skin diseases
Authors: Macarak Edward J. , Wermuth Peter J. , Rosenbloom Joel , Uitto Jouni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKeloid disorder, a group of fibroproliferative skin diseases, is characterized by unremitting accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue, primarily collagen, to develop cutaneous tumors on the predilection sites of skin. There is a strong genetic predisposition for keloid formation, and individuals of African and Asian ancestry are particularly prone. The principal cell type responsible for ECM accumulation is the myofibroblast derived from quiescent resident skin fibroblasts either throughtrans‐differentiation or from keloid progenitor stem cells with capacity for multi‐lineage differentiation and self‐renewal. The biosynthetic pathways leading to ECM accumulation are activated by several cytokines, but particularly by TGF‐β signalling. The mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment also play a critical role in the cell's response to TGF‐β, as demonstrated by culturing of fibroblasts derived from keloids and control skin on substrata with different degrees of stiffness. These studies also demonstrated that culturing of fibroblasts on tissue culture plastic in vitro does not reflect their biosynthetic capacity in vivo. Collectively, our current understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids suggests a complex network of interacting cellular, molecular and mechanical factors, with distinct pathways leading to myofibroblast differentiation and activation. Keloids can serve as a model system of fibrotic diseases, a group of currently intractable disorders, and deciphering of the critical pathogenetic steps leading to ECM accumulation is expected to identify targets for pharmacologic intervention, not only for keloids but also for a number of other, both genetic and acquired, fibrotic diseases.
Quantifying thermal exposure for migratory riverine species: Phenology of Chinook salmon populations predicts thermal stress
Authors: FitzGerald Alyssa M. , John Sara N. , Apgar Travis M. , Mantua Nathan J. , Martin Benjamin T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMigratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because habitat throughout their entire migration cycle must be suitable for the species to persist. For migratory species in rivers, predicting climate change impacts is especially difficult because there is a lack of spatially continuous and seasonally varying stream temperature data, habitat conditions can vary for an individual throughout its life cycle, and vulnerability can vary by life stage and season. To predict thermal impacts on migratory riverine populations, we first expanded a spatial stream network model to predict mean monthly temperature for 465,775 river km in the western U.S., and then applied simple yet plausible future stream temperature change scenarios. We then joined stream temperature predictions to 44,396 spatial observations and life‐stage‐specific phenology (timing) for 26 ecotypes (i.e., geographically distinct population groups expressing one of the four distinct seasonal migration patterns) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a phenotypically diverse anadromous salmonid that is ecologically and economically important but declining throughout its range. Thermal stress, assessed for each life stage and ecotype based on federal criteria, was influenced by migration timing rather than latitude, elevation, or migration distance such that sympatric ecotypes often showed differential thermal exposure. Early‐migration phenotypes were especially vulnerable due to prolonged residency in inland streams during the summer. We evaluated the thermal suitability of 31,699 stream km which are currently blocked by dams to explore reintroduction above dams as an option to mitigate the negative effects of our warmer stream temperature scenarios. Our results showed that negative impacts of stream temperature warming can be offset for almost all ecotypes if formerly occupied habitat above dams is made available. Our approach of combining spatial distribution and phenology data with spatially explicit and temporally explicit temperature predictions enables researchers to examine thermal exposure of migrating populations that use seasonally varying habitats.
Giant dielectric constant, dielectric relaxations, and tunable properties of Sm2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Thomas A. K. , George Merin , Abraham Kevin , Sajan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe polycrystalline Sm2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (SCTO) ceramics have been prepared by solid‐state reaction. The crystallinity of the compound has been investigated by Rietveld refinement which has revealed a cubic structure with space group Im3. It is observed that at low frequencies, SCTO ceramic exhibits tremendously high values of dielectric permittivity ε′, larger than 32,000, at room temperature. Two distinct, thermally triggered, dielectric relaxations have been noted. This mechanism has been confirmed through impedance analysis of the ceramics. The complex impedance plane shows three semicircles, which confirm the existence of two dielectric relaxations in SCTO ceramics. In general, the electrical as well as dielectric behavior of SCTO ceramics are seen to be reasonably analogous to those of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics. The emergence of the enormous dielectric constant in SCTO ceramic is accredited to the combined effect of polarization both at the sample‐electrode interface as well as at the insulating grain boundary interface. The SCTO ceramics are identical to the CCTO ceramics in their structure and composition and hence, as the above results indicate, the IBLC effect mechanism, originally put forward for CCTO ceramics, is furthermore plausible to account for the mammoth values of dielectric constant in SCTO ceramics.
Possible role of hypothyroidism in the prognosis of COVID‐19
Authors: Daraei Morteza , Hasibi Mehrdad , Abdollahi Hamed , Mirabdolhagh Hazaveh Mojgan , Zebaradst Jayran , Hajinoori Mitra , Asadollahi‐Amin Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn patients with COVID‐19, certain medical conditions could result in poorer clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic role of hypothyroidism in COVID‐19 is still unknown. In the present retrospective study, we estimated the prevalence of hypothyroidism in COVID‐19 admitted patients in Tehran, Iran. Among 390 COVID‐19 admitted patients, 21 hypothyroid cases (5.4%) were found, in which nearly 90% were aged 50 years and older. Regarding the effect of hypothyroidism on COVID‐19 mortality, 60 (15.3%) of total patients and 4 (19%) of hypothyroid patients died, and no significant difference was found between the two groups.
Can a liveable city be a healthy city, now and into the future?
Authors: Gunn Lucy D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCity planning and infrastructure can influence the social determinants of health, the liveability of cities and the physical and mental health of city residents. This article defines these concepts and discusses how city planning can help in mitigating COVID‐19 transmission, and support health by accommodating active transport (i.e. walking and cycling) and emerging technologies (i.e. autonomous and electric vehicles).
An audit of ventilation and perfusion SPECT reporting for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in a tertiary cardiothoracic centre
Authors: Kannan Shanthi , Rose David S. , Lee Joseph C. , Yeung Francis Y. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify reporting patterns of ventilation and perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography (V/Q SPECT) scans done in our department over 3 months in 2016. Factors impacting on reporting and patient groups that would most benefit from the addition of low‐dose computed tomography (CT) to V/Q SPECT were analysed. Among 178 patients, 173 (97.2%) had a definitive (positive/negative) report and 2.8% had an equivocal report. As the majority of the equivocal reports were seen in patients aged ≥70 years, we believe that addition of low‐dose CT with V/Q SPECT to this patient group will reduce the non‐diagnostic rate.
Factors influencing quality of life in children with low‐flow vascular malformations: a qualitative study using focus groups
Authors: Casassa E. , Bergeron A. , Maruani A. , Labreze C. , Barbarot S. , Aubert H. , Malloizel‐Delaunay J. , Shourick J. , Croiset A. , Dreyfus I. , Mazereeuw‐Hautier J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies have evaluated the quality of life (QoL) of children suffering from low‐flow vascular malformations. This is the first study investigating the influencing factors.ObjectivesTo identify the factors influencing QoL in children with low‐flow vascular malformations.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study employing focus group interviews (Clinical Trials Number: NCT03440827). The study was a prospective, interventional, non‐comparative, multicentre study performed in four expert centres for vascular anomalies. Qualitative data about personal experiences, feelings, difficulties, needs and various factors influencing behaviours were collected. Theme‐based content analysis (manual and specialist textural software guided) were used to analyse the verbatim transcripts of all focus group sessions. Manual qualitative discourse analysis was performed to identify the different themes and categories. Informatics' analyses were subsequently performed for each individual category.ResultsTen focus groups (26 individuals including 10 children aged 11 to 15 years) were conducted until saturation. Influencing factors were related to 4 categories: medical care, self‐image, social impact on daily activities and challenging social relationships. These factors were responsible for intrafamily upheavals and may lead to future identity‐building problems.ConclusionsThis study provides an essential framework from which physicians can develop strategies to improve patient care and quality of life. These data may also be useful to develop specific age‐sensitive QoL questionnaires.
Circadian photoperiod alters TREK‐1 channel function and expression in dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons via melatonin receptor 1 signaling
Authors: Giannoni‐Guzmán Manuel A. , Kamitakahara Anna , Magalong Valerie , Levitt Pat , McMahon Douglas G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeasonal day length has been linked to the prevalence of mood disorders, and however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that developmental exposure to seasonal photoperiods has enduring effects on the activity of mouse dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons, their intrinsic electrical properties, as well as on depression and anxiety‐related behaviors. Here we focus on the possible ionic mechanisms that underlie the observed programming of the electrophysiological properties of serotonin neurons, focusing on the twin‐pore K + channels TREK‐1 and TASK‐1 that set resting membrane potential and regulate excitability. Pharmacological inhibition of TREK‐1 significantly increased spike frequency in Short and Equinox photoperiods, but did not further elevate the firing rate in slices from Long photoperiod mice, suggesting that TREK‐1 function is reduced in Long photoperiods. In contrast, inhibition of TASK‐1 resulted in increases in firing rates across all photoperiods, suggesting that it contributes to setting excitability, but is not regulated by photoperiod. We then quantifiedKcnk2mRNA levels specifically in dorsal raphe 5‐HT neurons using triple‐label RNAscope. We found that Long photoperiod significantly reduced levels ofKcnk2in serotonin neurons co‐expressingTph2, andPet‐1. Photoperiodic effects on the function and expression of TREK‐1 were blocked in melatonin 1 receptor knockout (MT‐1KO) mice, consistent with previous findings that MT‐1 signaling is necessary for photoperiodic programming of dorsal raphe 5‐HT neurons. Taken together these results indicate that photoperiodic regulation of TREK‐1 expression and function plays a key role in photoperiodic programming the excitability of dorsal raphe 5‐HT neurons.
Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ): A New Scale for Measuring Emotional Abuse and Psychological Maltreatment1
Authors: Momtaz Vahid , Mansor Mariani , Talib Mansor Abu , Kahar Rojanah B. T. , Momtaz Tahereh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmotional abuse is the core of all other kinds of child abuses and maltreatments. The significant and serious outcomes of other kinds of abuses are often due to the emotional aspects. Moreover, emotional abuse has several forms, and each form may lead to different adverse outcomes for children and adolescents. Unfortunately, there is not a comprehensive instrument to assess all categories of emotional abuse. A 30‐item self‐report questionnaire was developed for ages 12 years and older. The sample included 328 students aged 12 to 19 years selected randomly from students referred to different student counseling centers. Exploratory factor analysis categorized the scale into six subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all items were fitted with the subscales significantly. Content and concurrent validity demonstrated good validity and reliability for each subscale. Overall reliability was also significantly acceptable.
Priming with Horizontal Reading Influences the Deployment of Visual Attention During Word Processing1
Authors: Kobayashi Honami , Ogawa Hirokazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies on parallel processing of words have demonstrated that the orthographic properties of multiple words can be processed simultaneously. However, whether parallel lexical processing (which requires attentional allocation towards a subsequent N + 1 word) is possible has been much debated. We examined this controversy in the Japanese language with the flanker lexical decision task and investigated whether the deployment of attention changed after priming with horizontal reading. Participants allocated to the priming group read short passages written in Japanese before the flanker task. The results showed that the parallel processing of a lexical property was observed after priming, which implicates that reading facilitates the attentional allocation to the right during the processing of a current word. The results suggested that strategies to allocate attention to the right are at work during reading. Furthermore, the current study points to the possibility that word processing during reading can be assessed by combining the priming procedure and flanker lexical decision task.