bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to Assess Clinical Semantic Textual Similarity: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Kades Klaus , Sellner Jan , Koehler Gregor , Full Peter M , Lai T Y Emmy , Kleesiek Jens , Maier-Hein Klaus H 
Published: December 2020

Background
Natural Language Understanding enables automatic extraction of relevant information from clinical text data, which are acquired every day in hospitals. In 2018, the language model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) was introduced, generating new state-of-the-art results on several downstream tasks. The National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) is an initiative that strives to tackle such downstream tasks on domain-specific clinical data. In this paper, we present the results of our participation in the 2019 n2c2 and related work completed thereafter.

Objective
The objective of this study was to optimally leverage BERT for the task of assessing the semantic textual similarity of clinical text data.

Methods
We used BERT as an initial baseline and analyzed the results, which we used as a starting point to develop 3 different approaches where we (1) added additional, handcrafted sentence similarity features to the classifier token of BERT and combined the results with more features in multiple regression estimators, (2) incorporated a built-in ensembling method, M-Heads, into BERT by duplicating the regression head and applying an adapted training strategy to facilitate the focus of the heads on different input patterns of the medical sentences, and (3) developed a graph-based similarity approach for medications, which allows extrapolating similarities across known entities from the training set. The approaches were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted scores and ground truth of the official training and test dataset.

Results
We improved the performance of BERT on the test dataset from a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.859 to 0.883 using a combination of the M-Heads method and the graph-based similarity approach. We also show differences between the test and training dataset and how the two datasets influenced the results.

Conclusions
We found that using a graph-based similarity approach has the potential to extrapolate domain specific knowledge to unseen sentences. We observed that it is easily possible to obtain deceptive results from the test dataset, especially when the distribution of the data samples is different between training and test datasets.
Retrognathic maxilla in individuals born with oral clefts is due to intrinsic factors and not only due to early surgical treatment
Authors: Lacerda Rosa Helena W. , Vieira Alexandre R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine if the skeletal form of individuals born with oral clefts was associated with maxillary position.

Materials and Methods
Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 90 individuals 8 to 12 years old born with or without cleft lip and palate paired by age and sex were used. Skull base length, cranial base angle, cranial deflection angle, and maxillary skeletal length and position were studied. Also, mandibular skeletal length and position, lower anterior facial height, and dental position were defined. Individuals were divided into three groups: 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (UCLP Class III), 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class I malocclusion (UCLP Class I), and 30 individuals born without cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (non-cleft Class III).

Results
When comparing the UCLP Class III group with the UCLP Class I group, there were differences in maxillary position (P &lt; .001) and mandibular position (P = .004) found. No differences were found when comparing the UCLP Class III group with the non-cleft Class III group.

Conclusions
There are intrinsic factors that affect craniofacial morphology of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.
Association of Serum Bile Acids Profile and Pathway Dysregulation With the Risk of Developing Diabetes Among Normoglycemic Chinese Adults: Findings From the 4C Study
Authors: Lu Jieli , Wang Shuangyuan , Li Mian , Gao Zhengnan , Xu Yu , Zhao Xinjie , Hu Chunyan , Zhang Yi , Liu Ruixin , Hu Ruying , Shi Lixin , Zheng Ruizhi , Du Rui , Su Qing , Wang Jiqiu , Chen Yuhong , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Xiaolin , Li Qi , Qin Guijun , Wan Qin , Chen Gang , Xu Min , Dai Meng , Zhang Di , Tang Xulei , Wang Guixia , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Qin Yingfen , Chen Li , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Li Donghui , Lai Shenghan , Mu Yiming , Chen Lulu , Zhao Jiajun , Xu Guowang , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Comprehensive assessment of serum bile acids (BAs) aberrations before diabetes onset remains inconclusive. We examined the association of serum BA profile and coregulation with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among normoglycemic Chinese adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We tested 23 serum BA species in subjects with incident diabetes (n = 1,707) and control subjects (n = 1,707) matched by propensity score (including age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose) from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study, which was composed of 54,807 normoglycemic Chinese adults with a median follow-up of 3.03 years. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for associations of BAs with T2DM were estimated using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS
In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, per SD increment of unconjugated primary and secondary BAs were inversely associated with incident diabetes, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.89 (0.83–0.96) for cholic acid, 0.90 (0.84–0.97) for chenodeoxycholic acid, and 0.90 (0.83–0.96) for deoxycholic acid (P &lt; 0.05 and false discovery rate &lt;0.05). On the other hand, conjugated primary BAs (glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and sulfated glycochenodeoxycholic acid) and secondary BA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) were positively related with incident diabetes, with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.19 (95% CIs ranging between 1.05 and 1.28). In a fully adjusted model additionally adjusted for liver enzymes, HDL cholesterol, diet, 2-h postload glucose, HOMA-insulin resistance, and waist circumference, the risk estimates were similar. Differential correlation network analysis revealed that perturbations in intraclass (i.e., primary and secondary) and interclass (i.e., unconjugated and conjugated) BA coregulation preexisted before diabetes onset.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings reveal novel changes in BAs exist before incident T2DM and support a potential role of BA metabolism in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Increases Glycemic Variability and Time in Hypoglycemia in Patients With Obesity and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ilesanmi Ibiyemi , Tharakan George , Alexiadou Kleopatra , Behary Preeshila , Alessimii Haya , Bovill-Taylor Candace , Kenkre Julia , Choudhury Sirazum , Doyle Chedie , Purkayastha Sanjay , Miras Alex , Tsironis Christos , Chahal Harvinder , Bloom Stephen R. , Oliver Nick S. , Ahmed Ahmed R. , Khoo Bernard , Tan Tricia M.-M. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an established treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study objective was to establish RYGB’s effects on glycemic variability (GV) and hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective observational study of 10 participants with obesity and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes who underwent RYGB. Patients were studied before RYGB (Pre) and 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years postsurgery with continuous glucose measurement (CGM). A mixed-meal test (MMT) was conducted at Pre, 1 month, and 1 year.

RESULTS
After RYGB, mean CGM decreased (at 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years), and GV increased (at 1 year and 2 years). Five of the 10 participants had a percent time in range (%TIR) &lt;3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) greater than the international consensus target of 1% at 1 or 2 years. Peak glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon area under the curve during MMT were positively and negatively associated, respectively, with contemporaneous %TIR &lt;3.0 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing RYGB are at risk for development of postbariatric hypoglycemia due to a combination of reduced mean glucose, increased GV, and increased GLP-1 response.
High Prevalence of Advanced Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Transient Elastography Among U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Monti Tommaso , Perseghin Gianluca 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for the progression of metabolic liver disease to advanced fibrosis. Here, we provide an estimate of the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in U.S. adults with T2DM on the basis of transient elastography (TE) and identify factors associated with these conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study of U.S. adults with T2DM participating in the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were evaluated by TE. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by the median value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively.

RESULTS
Among the 825 patients with reliable TE examination results, 484 (53.7%) were assessed using the M probe and 341 (46.3%) using the XL probe. Liver steatosis (CAP ≥274 dB/m), advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥9.7 kPa), and cirrhosis (LSM ≥13.6 kPa) were present in 73.8% (95% CI 68.5%–78.5%), 15.4% (95% CI 12.2%–19.0%), and 7.7% (95% CI 4.8%–11.9%) of patients, respectively. The mean ± SE age of patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis was 63.7 ± 2.2 years and 57.8 ± 1.6 years, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression model, BMI, non-Black race, and ALT levels were independent predictors of steatosis; and BMI, non-Black race, and AST and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels were independent predictors of advanced fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of both liver steatosis and fibrosis is high in patients with T2DM from the United States and obesity is a major risk factor. Our results support the screening of these conditions among patients with diabetes.
Comparison of Protocols to Reduce Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Prescribed a Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor
Authors: Teng Rhea , Kurian Martin , Close Kelly L. , Buse John B. , Peters Anne L. , Alexander Charles M. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE | Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are approved for type 1 diabetes in Europe and Japan, with off-label use in type 1 diabetes in the United States. Although there were no consistent approaches to risk mitigation in clinical trials of these agents, protocols have been developed to try to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, a validated risk mitigation strategy does not exist. We reviewed available DKA risk mitigation protocols to better understand the various strategies currently in use.
METHODS | We conducted a search of the published medical literature and other medical information sources, including conference presentations, for protocols. We then categorized the information provided into guidance on patient selection, initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors, ketone monitoring, necessary patient action in the event of ketosis or DKA, and inpatient treatment of ketosis or DKA.
RESULTS | Patient selection is generally similar among the protocols, although some require a minimum BMI and insulin dose. All protocols advocate routine measurement of ketones, although some insist on blood ketone tests. Although action steps for ketosis varies, all protocols advocate rapid patient intervention. The importance of evaluating ketones and acid-base balance even in the absence of hyperglycemia is emphasized by all protocols, as is the need to continue administering insulin until ketosis has resolved.
CONCLUSION | DKA risk mitigation must be pursued systematically in individuals with type 1 diabetes, although the best strategy remains to be determined. Given the ongoing need for adjunctive therapies in type 1 diabetes and current use of SGLT2 inhibitors for this purpose, additional education and research are crucial, especially in the hospital environment, where DKA may not be diagnosed promptly and treated appropriately.
The Value relevance of accounting performance measures for quoted family firms: A study in the light of the alignment and entrenchment hypotheses
Authors: Basly Sami , Saadi Tayeb 
Published: December 2020

The present research examines the value relevance of accounting earnings data disclosed by a sample of French family and non-family firms. The major goal of this paper is to find if the value relevance of accounting earnings for investors depends on the nature of the firm. In addition, it intends to check if accounting earnings relevance varies in function of the concentration of ownership in the hands of families.
The research is based on a longitudinal data set (2009 – 2012) obtained from a sample of 349 firms quoted on the Paris stock market and composing the CAC-All tradable index. Relying on the association studies’ methodology, the main hypotheses are supported as the results show that family firms exhibit more value relevant earnings than non-family firms. This finding could be justified by an alignment effect that may be especially evidenced in the case of moderate family ownership. Conversely, less value relevant earnings are exhibited by highly controlled family firms thus showing evidence for a probable entrenchment by the owning-families.
Molecular Detection and Identification of Piroplasms in Semi-Intensively Managed Cattle from Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Famuyide I. M. , Takeet M. I. , Talabi A. O. , Otesile E. B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Piroplasmosis is a tick-borne haemolytic disease caused by different species of the Babesia and Theileria genera. Data on the prevalence of bovine piroplasms and their genetic diversity are scanty in Nigeria. Hence, this study reported the detection of some piroplasms in the blood of cattle in Abeokuta, Nigeria by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood samples were collected from 252 cattle and subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification of the partial region of 18S rRNA of the haemoprotozoans. Selected positive amplicons were unidirectionally sequenced and compared to the reference sequences from the Genbank. A total of 220 (87.3 %) cattle were positive for Theileria velifera and/or Babesia bigemina. The T. velifera was detected only in 163 (64.7 %) cattle, while 7 (2.8 %) cattle had a single infection with B. bigemina. Fifty cattle (19.8 %) had mixed infections with both parasites. There were no significant differences in piroplasm infections between the ages of cattle for both parasites. There were no significant differences in infection rates between the sexes for T. velifera, while the males had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) rate of infection for B. bigemina than the female cattle. The molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria species of cattle are reported for the first time in cattle in Abeokuta, Nigeria. This study, which confirmed the endemic nature of the parasites in cattle in the study area, stresses their importance in livestock health and production in Nigeria.
The First Record of Facultative Parasitism of Megaselia Spp. (Diptera: Phoridae) in a Honeybee Colony in Slovakia
Authors: Sabo R. , Legáth J. , Staroň M. , Sabová L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current global climate warming trend leads to a shift in animal-habitats northwards. According to the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, summer 2018 was extremely hot and long throughout Slovakia. This was probably the fact that resulted in the detection of the presence of Megaselia spp. (Diptera: Phoridae) in one honeybee colony at the University apiary located in Rozhanovce (48° 46’ 27.24″ N; 21° 22’ 26.01″ E; eastern Slovakia). The first warning signal after opening the hive was the changed odour. During closer inspection, there were observed small parasitoid phorid larvae that emerged from the sealed bee brood; further examination revealed that the parasitized bee larvae and pupae contained emptied body cavities. Vice-versa, parasitisation was not detected in adult honey bees. Our knowledge of Diptera being responsible for parasitizing (even facultative) the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is still incomplete and needs to be investigated further in more details.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Frontliner Employee Engagement in Bandung City
Authors: Rusyandi Deddy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Employees who have a high level of engagement can be a solution to performance problems, because they feel tied to the organization and work enthusiastically. The study aims to determine the condition of engagement and analyse the factors that can affect the level of engagement of employees of bank front lines in the city of Bandung. The method used in this research is descriptive method by applying exploratory factor analysis to 42 factors that influence employee engagement. The results of the study found that the 42 factors were quite influential in increasing the engagement of Bank front liner employees in the city of Bandung. And 5 new factors are formed which consist of: Individual Factors Facility Factors; Motivation Factors; and Career Factors.
On Knowledge Discovery and Representations of Molecular Structures Using Topological Indices
Authors: Alsaadi Fawaz E. , Bokhary Syed Ahtsham Ul Haq , Shah Aqsa , Ali Usman , Cao Jinde , Alassafi Madini Obad , Rehman Masood Ur , Rahman Jamshaid Ul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of a topological index is to encode a chemical structure by a number. A topological index is a graph invariant, which decribes the topology of the graph and remains constant under a graph automorphism. Topological indices play a wide role in the study of QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) and QSPR (quantitative structure-property relationship). Topological indices are implemented to judge the bioactivity of chemical compounds. In this article, we compute the ABC (atom-bond connectivity); ABC
4 (fourth version of ABC), GA (geometric arithmetic) and GA
5 (fifth version of GA) indices of some networks sheet. These networks include: octonano window sheet; equilateral triangular tetra sheet; rectangular sheet; and rectangular tetra sheet networks.
Basic Statistics of Jevons and Carli Indices under the GBM Price Model
Authors: Białek Jacek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most countries use either the Jevons or Carli index for the calculation of their Consumer Price Index (CPI) at the lowest (elementary) level of aggregation. The choice of the elementary formula for inflation measurement does matter and the effect of the change of the index formula was estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2001). It has been shown in the literature that the difference between the Carli index and the Jevons index is bounded from below by the variance of the price relatives. In this article, we extend this result, comparing expected values and variances of these sample indices under the assumption that prices are described by a geometric Brownian motion (GBM). We provide formulas for their biases, variances and mean-squared errors.
Attributes of Eurasian Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis) nest cavities in Hungary
Authors: Gorman Gerard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thirty-three nest cavities of Green Woodpeckers (Picus viridis) in Hungary were documented over a period of 15 years (2006–2020). Thirteen different tree species were used. All documented cavities were in the main trunks of trees. The mean cavity height was 5.6 m and 1.5 m standard deviation and ranged from 2 to 9 m. Tree trunk diameters ranged between 36–55 cm with a mean of 43.1 cm and 4.2 cm standard deviation. A southerly orientation of cavity entrances prevailed with a mean direction of 187° clockwise from north. The results suggest that cavity-entrance orientation was non-random.
The Evaluation of Fatty Acid Profile in the Diet of Patients in Psycho-neurological Hospitals
Authors: Beitane Ilze , Marisheva Alla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a strong correlation between diet and mental health, and malnutrition can contribute to the development of various psycho-neurological diseases. Fatty acid profile plays an important role in the treatment of psycho-neurological diseases; therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate fatty acid profile in the diet of patients in three Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals. Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals submitted a detailed one-week menu. The information in the menus was processed using the Fineli program. Each menu identified the composition of fatty acids.
The average fat concentration in different hospital menus ranged from 74.8 g to 96.1 g per day, where the concentration of saturated fatty acids ranged from 37.5 g to 47.7 g per day and the unsaturated fat concentration ranged from 35.9 g to 47 g per day. The n-3 PUFA content was consistent with the recommendations of a healthy individual, but it did not meet the needs of patients in a psycho-neurological hospital. The total eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentration in the hospital menus ranged from 0.03 to 0.13 g, which was significantly lower than recommended, whereas LA and ALA concentration in hospital menus is close to optimal. The trans-fatty acids concentration in hospital menus did not exceed 2.5 g per day, with the exception of one day in hospital No. 2.
The impact of diet on the treatment of psycho-neurological diseases in Latvian psycho-neurological hospitals has not been sufficiently assessed.
Influence of Germination Conditions and Parameters on the Content of Total Phenolic Compounds and Scavenging Activity in Germinated Seeds
Authors: Bernate Ilze , Sabovics Martins , Tomsone Lolita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Consumers are increasingly consuming sprouted seeds due to their low calories content, nutritional value, as well as beneficial effects on human health. Sprouts contain many bioactive compounds such as minerals, fibre, vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of darkness, light and time total phenolic content and scavenging activity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and hemp (Cannabis sativa) seeds during germination. The seeds were washed, soaked in water by ratio of 2:1 (water : seeds) for 12±1 h and then germinated in light and dark conditions at a temperature of 22±2 °C and a relative humidity of 85±2% for different times (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) in a climatic chamber ICH110 (Memmert, Germany). The quality changes of germinated seeds are determined by phenol content and scavenging activity. Un-germinated seeds were used as a control. The results of current studies show that after germination the highest increase in total phenols was in radish, broccoli and alfalfa seeds. The scavenging activity (SA) was higher after 48 hours of germination in all seed types compared to un-germinated seeds both in darkness and in light. This study shows that sprouted edible seeds are an excellent source of total phenolic compounds and has a high scavenging activity.