bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the genes CYP 85 A 2 , BZR1, and CAD1 in the attenuation of cadmium in seedlings of the species Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (PARICÁ) under different concentrations of 24- epibrassinolide
Authors: Ribeiro Erick dos Santos , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira , Filho Ednaldo da Silva , Hamoy Igor Guerreiro , Brito Ana Ecídia de Araújo , de Araújo Dênmora Gomes , Nascimento Juliana Freitas do , de Figueiredo Evelyn Luane Pinheiro , Costa Dayane dos Santos , Barros Lilian Tatiana Costa , Amancio Vinícius Oliveira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The Amazonian species paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby) accumulates cadmium (Cd) primarily in the roots, but the lack of understanding of gene modulation in response to this metal and the phytohormonal mechanisms complicates its relevance in the rehabilitation of degraded areas. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the expression of the CYP85A2 and BZR1 genes, precursors of 24-EBL, in the production of chelating proteins by the CAD1 gene in seedlings of the Paricá species, under various concentrations of CdCl2 and 24-EBL. The experiment was conducted in a growth room at the Laboratory of Studies on Biodiversity of Higher Plants (EBPS) at the Federal Rural University of Amazon (UFRA), Belém-Pará Campus, following a completely randomized experimental design (CRD), in a 4x3 factorial scheme, totaling 60 experimental units with 4 treatments of CdCl2 (0, 50, 100, and 150 µM) and 3 doses of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 20, and 40 nM). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05), and the differences between treatments were analyzed using Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The biometric variables indicated a significant reduction in root length due to the harmful effect of CdCl2. Additionally, losses in Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a+b were observed due to the entry of Cd2+ into the leaf tissues. Despite this, the CYP85A2, BZR1, and CAD1 genes showed greater expression in the aerial part with varying doses of 24-EBL, while CAR and ACN were affected by increased CdCl2, indicating a genetic adjustment in the upper parts of the plants to cope with Cd toxicity and maintain biological functions.
Black Carbon Emissions Generally Underestimated in the Global South as Revealed by Globally Distributed Measurements
Authors: Ren Yuxuan , Oxford Christopher , Zhang Dandan , Liu Xuan , Zhu Haihui , Dillner Ann , White Warren , Chakrabarty Rajan , Hasheminassab Sina , Diner DJ , Roy Emmie Le , Kumar Joshin , Viteri Valerie , Song Keyao , Akoshile Clement , Amador-Muñoz Omar , Asfaw Araya , Chang Rachel , Francis Diana , Gahungu Paterne , Garland Rebecca , Grutter Michel , Kim Jhoon , Langerman Kristy , Lee Pei-Chen , Lestari Puji , Mayol-Bracero Olga , Naidoo Mogesh , Nelli Narendra , O'Neil Norman , Park Sang Seo , Salam Abdus , Sarangi Bighnaraj , Schechner Yoav , Schofield Robyn , Tripathi Sachchida , Windwer Eli , Wu Ming-Tsang , Zhang Qiang , Rudich Yinon , Brauer Michael , Martin Randall V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Characterization of black carbon (BC) on a fine scale across the world is essential for understanding its climate and health impacts. However, a paucity of BC mass measurements in different parts of the world and the coarse scale resolution of global models have inhibited evaluation of global BC emission inventories. Here, we apply a novel dataset of globally distributed BC mass measurements from the Surface Particulate Matter Network (SPARTAN) and complementary measurement networks to evaluate contemporary BC emission inventories. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) in its high-performance configuration (GCHP) for high-resolution simulations to relate BC emissions to ambient concentrations for comparison with the measurements. Simulations using the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) emission inventory exhibit skill (r2 = 0.73) in representing variability in SPARTAN measurements across primarily developed regions with low BC concentrations but exhibit pronounced discrepancy (r2 = 0.00019) across regions with high BC concentrations in the Global South. The model underestimates BC at most Global South sites with a normalized mean bias of -38%. Alternative inventories (EDGAR, HTAP) yield similar results. These findings motivate renewed attention to the challenging task of characterizing BC emissions from developing regions.
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy for the Evaluation of Atypical Chest Pain - Likely Non-Cardiac - in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals with Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Andrade Luis Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Andrade João Cláudio Nunes Carneiro , Oda Daniela , Xavier Isabela Pimenta , de Oliveira Luís Matos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is an essential diagnostic tool for evaluating coronary artery disease, particularly in high-risk populations such as hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). Despite its clinical relevance, there remains a significant gap in understanding its optimal application and diagnostic accuracy in this subgroup, warranting further research to refine risk stratification and improve patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of myocardial ischemic abnormalities in hypertensive T2DM, patients presenting with atypical chest pain and either normal resting electrocardiogram (ECG) or ventricular repolarization disturbances, through MPS.
Methods: A total of 165 participants, comprising 50 men (30.3%) and 115 women (69.7%), with a mean age of 65.6 ± 6 years, underwent MPS using a 2-day protocol.
Results: The results revealed that 63.0% of patients exhibited normal perfusion scans, while 37% demonstrated findings consistent with myocardial ischemia. Additionally, a subset of the cohort underwent exercise stress testing (90.9%), which yielded positive results for ischemia in 33.3% of cases. The agreement between MPS and exercise ECG was analyzed, revealing a moderate correlation (Kappa = 0.52; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: These findings reinforce the clinical utility of MPS as a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with T2DM and systemic hypertension who present with atypical chest pain, particularly in those with inconclusive findings on resting ECG.
Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Murali Pampana , Mazumder Dilwar Hussain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Melanoma and other skin cancers offer serious health hazards, especially given the high fatality rates linked with late detection. Early identification is critical for improving patient outcomes; yet, present clinical approaches are often subjective and difficult, resulting in varied accuracy. This research investigates the application of deep learning (DL) for skin cancer diagnosis, with a focus on four convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet, and DenseNet. These models are tested for their ability to categorise skin lesions and differentiate between melanoma and non-melanoma instances using extensive image analysis. These designs provide a strong alternative to standard diagnostic approaches by harnessing CNNs' skills in feature extraction and pattern recognition.
The research emphasises a few major findings: ResNet and DenseNet surpass AlexNet and VGG16 in terms of classification accuracy and generalisability on a variety of datasets. However, substantial impediments continue to exist, including data imbalance, poor interpretability of model conclusions, and the difficulty of generalising across distinct patient populations. Addressing these constraints is critical to increasing the clinical value of CNN-based systems.
Future study should concentrate on incorporating multimodal data, such as clinical information and imaging data, to improve model robustness. Furthermore, establishing explainable AI (XAI) frameworks will be critical to improving confidence in AI-powered diagnostic tools. Despite these obstacles, deep learning provides a scalable and cost-effective method for early skin cancer diagnosis, which has the potential to drastically cut death rates and enhance treatment results.
Advanced Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Naratriptan Hydrochloride: A Path to Improved Migraine Treatment
Authors: Lade Swati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting a significant portion of the global population. It is characterized by frequent neurobiological or neurovascular disturbance, including heightened excitability of the central nervous system. Addressing these challenges, this study focuses on developing nanostructured lipids carriers (NLC) for intranasal drug delivery of naratriptan, aiming to provide a rapid and targeted treatment for migraine.
The NLC was successfully formulated, characterized, and optimized using the Box Behnken Design (BBD). The optimized formulations underwent comprehensive characterization including assessments of % yield, encapsulation efficiency (%EE), particle size, Zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stability studies were conducted under varied conditions to evaluate formulation robustness. The optimized NLC formulation (NLCF2) demonstrated promising attributes with a % yield of 75.65±0.15, % EE of 68.16±1.06, particle size of 79.74±1.37, along with PDI of 0.315, and Zeta Potential of -32.50.
In-vivo pharmacodynamics studies using acetic acid-induced writhing and light/dark box models revealed significant efficacy of intranasal NLCs. Pharmacokinetic analysis, conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), demonstrated a 1.71-fold increase in drug concentration in the brain for the NLC formulation compared to the pure drug, underscoring enhanced bioavailability and brain targeting.
The successful design and development of intranasal NLCs for migraine treatment represent a novel and effective approach to drug delivery. By facilitating rapid and targeted delivery, these nanocarriers have the potential to minimize systemic side effects and significantly improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from migraines.
Cancer Drug Targeting: Molecular Mechanism, Approaches, and Regulatory Framework
Authors: Chandel Rushikesh Somnath , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Novel vaccine formulations called nano vaccines which use nanoparticles (NPs) as adjuvants or
carriers, are being developed in place of conventional vaccines. The field of study on peptide-based nano vaccines
is enlarging fast as a result of combining antigenic peptides with nano-transport systems. This paper explores
advancements in anticancer nano vaccines, focusing on their mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities.
It discusses peptide nano vaccines, personalized vaccines, cancer prevention strategies, clinical translation,
and self-assembling multivalent nanovaccines. It also discusses nanocarriers' role in delivering tumorassociated
antigens and immune-stimulatory adjuvants. In 2024, the American Cancer Society projects over 2
million new cancer cases in the United States, marking the first year this milestone has been surpassed. This
equates to approximately 5,480 new cancer diagnoses daily. Additionally, over 611,000 cancer-related deaths
are expected, which translates to more than 1,600 deaths per day. The National Centre for Health Statistics
mentions the mortality data also shows the various types of cancer percentages. This guideline provides comprehensive
recommendations for sponsors submitting a novel drug under Investigation use of curative cancer
vaccinations, focusing on safety, effectiveness, dosage optimization, adjuvant use, patient group selection,
immune response monitoring, biomarker evaluation, multi-antigen vaccine development, phase-specific difficulties,
non-clinical testing, and legal frameworks, while also referencing relevant legal foundations and recommendations.
Exploring the Gut Microbiota as a Promising Target for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gale Dari Mahrokh Abouali , Ghaedrahmati Farhoodeh , Moalemnia Arash , Dezfouli Mitra Ansari , Savari Feryal , Zamani Amir Mohammad , Ahmadi Behnam , Nazarbeigi Mohammad , Farzaneh Maryam , Zehtabi Mojtaba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and highly prevalent malignancy
affecting women globally. Breast cancer treatments have been demonstrated to elicit
significant and long-lasting effects on various aspects of a patient's life, including
physical, emotional, social, and financial, highlighting the need for comprehensive
cancer care. Recent research suggests that the composition and activity of the gut
microbiota may play a crucial role in anticancer responses. Various compositional
features of the gut microbial population have been found to influence both the clinical
and biological aspects of breast cancer. Notably, the dominance of specific microbial
populations in the human intestine may significantly impact the effectiveness of cancer
treatment strategies. Therefore, the manipulation of the microbiota to improve the
anticancer effects of conventional tumor treatments represents a promising strategy for
enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that alterations
in the gut microbiota composition and activity have the potential to impact breast
cancer risk and treatment outcomes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive
investigation of various databases and published articles to explore the impact of gut
microbial composition on both the molecular and clinical aspects of breast cancer. We
also discuss the implications of our findings for future research directions and clinical
strategies.
Molecular Identification and Characterization of the Causative Species of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Dezful City, Southwest Iran
Authors: Fatholahizadeh Atefeh , Mashayekhi Amir , Nayeri Tooran , Ghasemi Ezatollah 
Published: February 2025

Background
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) represents a significant public health concern in endemic regions such as Dezful City, Iran, where cases have recently surged. This study aimed to identify and characterize the molecular profile of CL-causing species among patients in Dezful.

Methods
A total of 94 patients with skin lesions were enrolled, and demographic data, including age, gender, and residency, were collected. For each patient, two smears were obtained from the lesions: one for microscopic diagnosis and the other for DNA extraction. Subsequent molecular identification of the parasite was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR amplification targeted the ITS1 region using specific primers Leish R (5’-AAA CAA AGG TTG TCG GGG-3’) and Leish F (5’-CAA CAC GCC GCC TCC TCT CT-3’).

Results
The results revealed that 100% of the CL cases were attributed to Leishmania major (L. major). Among the 94 patients, 67 (71.3%) were male, while 27 (28.7%) were female, with the highest incidence occurring in the age group of 11 to 20 years. Notably, lesions predominantly affected the hands (38.3%), whereas simultaneous involvement of the hand and trunk was present in only two cases (2.1%). Of the patients examined, 27 (28.7%) presented with a single lesion, 32 cases (34%) with two, 20 cases (21.3%) with three, and 15 (16%) with four or more lesions. Most of the lesions were observed to have a duration of one month (50%).

Conclusion
This study underscores the predominance of L. major in CL cases in Dezful, highlighting its epidemiological significance and the need for ongoing surveillance and control measures in the region, particularly focusing on controlling reservoirs (wild rodents).
Adherence Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy in Men Who Have Sex with Men in O.R Tambo District, Eastern Cape
Authors: Manga Vuyolwetu , Kleinhans Atholl , Ebuenyi Ikenna Desmond , Oladimeji Olanrewaju 
Published: February 2025

Background
Many barriers prevent Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) from complying with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), including stigma and discrimination by healthcare workers at the clinic and in the community. There has yet to be much research into MSM's experience with stigma. The study aims to identify critical barriers to ART adherence faced by MSM in Mthatha and investigate how these barriers compromise ART adherence using qualitative research as an investigative tool.

Methods
A qualitative research study that utilized the snowball approach to conduct face-to-face interviews among MSM who live with HIV and are non-adherent to ART.

Results
The data analysis of this study produced six themes that include the following: unstable living arrangements, family rejection, health provider’s attitude, non-disclosure of HIV status to a sexual partner, treatment support, substance abuse, and stigma.

Conclusion
The participants in this study highlighted barriers and challenges to ART compliance, such as unstable living arrangements, family rejection, health providers' attitudes, non-disclosure of HIV status to a sexual partner, treatment support, substance abuse, and stigma. This project synthesized knowledge based on participants' responses and their suggestions on improving adherence to ART in MSM in the O.R. Tambo District.
The Health Status and Physical Activity Levels of Patients with T2DM in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Malema Maphoko Phindile , Frantz Jose 
Published: February 2025

Background
The prevalence of diabetes in Africa is increasing rapidly, reflecting broader global trends. In Limpopo communities, diabetes prevalence is relatively low at 3.2%, but it rises to 8.8% in urban areas. This disparity highlights an urgent need for public health interventions, particularly in urban settings where only 60% of people are aware of their condition. This signifies a substantial burden of undiagnosed diabetes, which necessitates public health action.

Aim
This study aimed to determine the health status and physical activity levels of patients with T2DM in the Elias Motsoaledi Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Methods
A quantitative research approach was utilized, following a descriptive cross-sectional design. The current study included 202 participants in the Elias Motsoaledi Municipality, South Africa. The study targeted participants aged 18 years and older from Elias Motsoaledi Municipality. Recruitment was facilitated through local Department of Health facilities. A convenient sampling method was used to recruit participants based on Slovin’s formula to obtain the sample size for the study. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and chi-square tests, were employed to analyze the data.

Results
The results revealed that most participants suffered from additional non-communicable diseases alongside diabetes. Despite the benefits of participating in physical activities in managing diabetes, the results demonstrated that very few participants did not engage in any form of physical activity. The study identified various challenges and barriers that hinder their ability to engage in physical activities.

Conclusion
The study concluded that participants have a heavy reliance on medication among diabetic patients in the Elias Motsoaledi Municipality, with minimal emphasis on lifestyle modifications, such as diet and physical activity, for diabetes management. Therefore, there is a need for enhanced education and awareness programs that focus on comprehensive diabetes management strategies, including physical activity and nutrition, especially in resource-constrained settings like the Elias Motsoaledi Municipality.
Chemistry Learning Anxiety Profile of Phase E Students of Public Senior High School in Sleman Regency
Authors: Hindun Hindun , Pratomo Heru 
Published: February 2025

Chemistry is still considered a subject that is difficult for some students to understand, thus triggering chemistry learning anxiety or chemophobia. This research aims to analyze the level of anxiety in studying chemistry in tenth-grade students at public senior high schools in Sleman Regency in participating in phase E chemistry learning. This quantitative research uses a survey method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 413 tenth-grade students from six public senior high schools in Sleman Regency were selected using cluster random sampling as the research sample. The instrument used is the chemistry learning anxiety scale, which consists of 50 statement items. The data results were analyzed using ideal assessment categories. The findings of this research revealed that students have low anxiety about studying chemistry in the phase E of chemistry learning. Low chemistry learning anxiety is a good asset for students to be able to follow and understand chemistry learning well in phase E and the following phases. Male students and students with good academic achievement tend to have lower chemistry learning anxiety than female students and students with less good academic achievement.
Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory in U.S. Hispanic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ricardo Ana C. , Park Sunho , Carmona-Powell Eunice , Larkin Claire , Quiroga Arabela , Fischer Michael J. , Lora Claudia M. , Chen Jinsong , Missikpode Celestine , Pineda Madison , Zhang Xiaoming , Hsu Jesse Y , Shankman Stewart , Lash James ,   the CRIC Study Investigators
Published: February 2025

Background:
Depression is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Self-report scales including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) have been evaluated in non-Hispanic adults with CKD for screening of depressive symptoms. However, the BDI has not been validated in Hispanic adults with CKD.

Methods:
We investigated the screening characteristics of the BDI in 248 Hispanic adults (164 with CKD and 84 with end-stage kidney disease [ESKD]) enrolled in the Hispanic Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Two trained study personnel administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Disorders (SCID) which served as the gold standard measure for the diagnosis of major depression.

Results:
Among the 164 participants with CKD, mean (SD) age was 61 (0.8) years, 37% were female, 77% spoke primarily Spanish, mean (SD) eGFR was 37 (1.3) ml/min/1.73m2 and median (IQR) proteinuria was 0.4 (0.1-2.0) g/g. Using the SCID, 24 (15%) were classified as having current major depressive disorder. The best cutoff BDI score to identify current major depression disorder based on the receiver operating characteristics curve was 16. Sensitivity was 88%, specificity was 84%, positive predictive value was 49% and negative predictive value was 98%. Similar results were found in participants with ESKD.

Conclusion:
A BDI score of ≥16 was sensitive and specific for identifying major depression in U.S. Hispanic adults with CKD and ESKD, which is a higher cutoff than reported for non-Hispanic patients with CKD. These differences in psychometric properties should be considered in future research and clinical practice.