bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Match Dynamics of Different Soccer Competition Levels Based on The Player Dyads
Authors: Caetano Fabio Giuliano , Silva Vitor Panula da , Torres Ricardo da Silva , Anido Ricardo de Oliveira , Cunha Sergio Augusto , Moura Felipe Arruda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of play based on dyads during soccer matches, according to the competition level, period of the matches, and playing positions. We recorded eight Brazilian soccer matches (four of the national and four of the regional level), using up to six digital cameras (30 Hz). The position information of the 204 players in the eight matches was obtained using an automatic tracking system. The Euclidean distance between the nearest opponents was calculated over time to define the dyads. The interaction between the components of dyads was assessed by the distances between players and was compared among the different positions (defender, full-back, defensive midfielder, midfielder, and forward), match periods (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min), and competition levels. Results showed smaller distances for the national level dyads, compared to the regional matches. Greater distances between the players were found in the last 15 minutes of the matches, compared to the other periods. The full-backs were more distant from opposing players compared to players from other playing positions. Thus, coaches should consider the characteristics of each playing position and the greater proximity between opponents’ players in top-level competition for the development of tactical proficiency of the players.
The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well‐Trained Endurance Runners
Authors: Ueno Hiromasa , Suga Tadashi , Takao Kenji , Miyake Yuto , Terada Masafumi , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between leg bone length and running performance in well-trained endurance runners. The lengths of the leg bones in 42 male endurance runners (age: 20.0 ± 1.0 years, body height: 169.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass: 56.4 ± 5.1 kg, personal best 5000-m race time: 14 min 59 s ± 28 s) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the femur and tibia were calculated to assess the upper and lower leg lengths, respectively. The total length of the femur + tibia was calculated to assess the overall leg bone length. These lengths of the leg bones were normalized with body height, which was measured using a stadiometer to minimize differences in body size among participants. The relative tibial length was significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.328, p = 0.034). Moreover, a trend towards significance was observed in the relative femoral length (r = -0.301, p = 0.053). Furthermore, the relative total lengths of the femur + tibia were significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.353, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that although the relationship between the leg bone length and personal best 5000-m race time was relatively minor, the leg bone length, especially of the tibia, may be a potential morphological factor for achieving superior running performance in well-trained endurance runners.
Passing Network Analysis of Positional Attack Formations in Handball
Authors: Korte Florian , Lames Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize handball from a social network analysis perspective by analyzing 22 professional matches from the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship. Social network analysis has proven successful in the study of sports dynamics to investigate the interaction patterns of sport teams and the individual involvement of players. In handball, passing is crucial to establish an optimal position for throwing the ball into the goal of the opponent team. Moreover, different tactical formations are played during a game, often induced by two-minute suspensions or the addition of an offensive player replacing the goalkeeper as allowed by the International Handball Federation since 2016. Therefore, studying the interaction patterns of handball teams considering the different playing positions under various attack formations contributes to the tactical understanding of the sport. Degree and flow centrality as well as density and centralization values were computed. As a result, quantification of the contribution of individual players to the overall organization was achieved alongside the general balance in interplay. We identified the backcourt as the key players to structure interplay across tactical formations. While attack units without a goalkeeper were played longer, they were either more intensively structured around back positions (7 vs. 6) or spread out (5 + 1 vs. 6). We also found significant differences in the involvement of wing players across formations. The additional pivot in the 7 vs. 6 formation was mostly used to create space for back players and was less involved in interplay. Social network analysis turned out as a suitable method to govern and quantify team dynamics in handball.
In Search For Volleyball Entertainment: Impact of New Game Rules on Score and Time-Related Variables
Authors: García-de-Alcaraz Antonio , Gómez-Ruano Miguel A. , Papadopoulou Sophia D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyse the impact of various game structures on score and time-related variables in elite volleyball. A total of 114 male matches and 76 female matches (38 matches for each tournament) were analysed in under-23 world championships. An observational design was implemented to measure match duration, points scored per match and set, set point differences, tournament phase, match balance, and set tendencies in various game structures (set to 21, to 25 or to 15 points) in male and female categories. Standardised differences in mean values showed that a 15-point set game structure led to shortest matches and smallest time variability in match duration, the largest number of points per match, and greatest equality in terms of set score differences in both the male and the female category. The use of various game structures in training may be useful to coaches and conditioning specialists when planning training schemes and sessions, by introducing different game structures to manage volume and intensity in training more effectively. These results may also be useful to local and/or national volleyball federations willing to attract new young players, to promote learning and to render volleyball a fun activity, by implementing S15 at initial stages. In addition, they could be useful to international federations or committees, so as to attract larger audiences and sponsors interested in more appealing matches with high levels of competitiveness and entertainment.
Drive for Muscularity and Disordered Eating Behavior in Males: the Mediating Role of Cognitive Appraisal
Authors: Gomes A. Rui , Simães Clara , Dias Olga , Almeida Catarina , Gonçalves Sónia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is mixed evidence for the relationship between increased levels of the drive for muscularity (DFM) and disordered eating behavior in males, therefore this study analysed the relationship between DFM and disordered eating behavior, giving particular relevance to the patterns of cognitive appraisal. A convenience sample was recruited from fitness centres and sport clubs with 308 participants, all males. Losing muscular mass represented a negative experience for participants, promoting a higher perception of threat appraisal. In addition, losing muscular mass was related to more muscularity-oriented behaviors and disordered eating behavior. Cognitive appraisal mediates the relation between DFM and disordered eating behavior. The results highlight the role of cognitive appraisal in DFM and disordered eating behavior in males in sport contexts.
Bauska’s Chairmen: Party Leadership and Twitter Engagement in Estonian and Latvian Populist Far-Right Parties
Authors: Wierenga Louis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Political parties in the Baltic states remain largely understudied, especially when it comes to the populist radical right (PRR). Currently, two of the three Baltic countries have PRR parties represented in their national parliaments, Nacionā lā apvienī ba (the National Alliance, henceforth the NA) in Latvia and Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond (the Conservative People’s Party of Estonia, henceforth EKRE) in Estonia. Both parties have charismatic leaders and are led in a top-down manner, keeping in line with the literature on this party family. Many political actors in numerous countries make ample use of Twitter and other social media, and the PRR in particular has proved very successful at using social media to their advantage.
My article provides a comparison between the leadership of the two aforementioned parties, using a paired comparison method, highlighting the position of the party leader; how each leader is selected; the political activity of party leaders; the electoral activity of each leader; and, finally, an analysis of how each party leader uses the social media microblogging site, Twitter.
The NA and EKRE are similar in that they are both parties which can be categorized in the PRR party family and are nationalist parties in countries which experienced Soviet occupation as well as the policy of Russification. Further, until quite recently1, both have directed nativist policies around language issues and the Russian-speaking population (Auers and Kasekamp 2013, Wierenga 2017). Therefore, the NA and EKRE make for an ideal comparison.2
Scintigraphic load of bone disease evaluated by DASciS software as a survival predictor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients candidates to 223RaCl treatment
Authors: Frantellizzi Viviana , Pani Arianna , Ippoliti Maria Dea , Farcomeni Alessio , Aloise Irvin , Colosi Mirco , Polito Claudia , Pani Roberto , Vincentis Giuseppe De 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Aim of our study was to assess the load of bone disease at starting and during Ra-223 treatment as an overall survival (OS) predictor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Bone scan index (BSI) is defined as the percentage of total amount of bone metastasis on whole-body scintigraphic images. We present a specific software (DASciS) developed by an engineering team of “Sapienza” University of Rome for BSI calculation.

Patients and methods
127 mCRPC patients bone scan images were processed with DASciS software, and BSI was tested as OS predictor.

Results
546 bone scans were analyzed revealing that the extension of disease is a predictor of OS (0–3% = 28 months of median survival (MoMS]; 3%–5% = 11 MoMS, > 5% = 5 MoMS). BSI has been analyzed as a single parameter for OS, determining an 88% AUC. Moreover, the composition between the BSI and the 3-PS (3-variable prognostic score) determines a remarkable improvement of the AUC (91%), defining these two parameters as the best OS predictors.

Conclusions
This study suggests that OS is inversely correlated with the load of bone disease in mCRPC Ra-223-treated subjects. DASciS software appears a promising tool in identifying mCRPC patients that more likely take advantage from Ra-223 treatment. BSI is proposed as a predictive variable for OS and included to a multidimensional clinical evaluation permits to approach the patients’ enrollment in a rational way, allowing to enhance the treatment effectiveness together with cost optimization.
Fréchet Metric in Neural Network Theory
Authors: Masárová Renáta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with application of a modified Fréchet metric to self-organizing neural networks, called Kohenen maps. The methodology used allows us to put more emphasis on the selected parameters in the input data. It can simplify finding the minimal distance dFj, since dFj∈ 〈0,1〉
Modelling the time-dependent behaviour of soft soils
Authors: Staszewska Katarzyna , Cudny Marcin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Time dependence of soft soils has already been thoroughly investigated. The knowledge on creep and relaxation phenomena is generally available in the literature. However, it is still rarely applied in practice. Regarding the organic soils, geotechnical engineers mostly base their calculations on the simple assumptions. Yet, as presented within this article, the rate-dependent behaviour of soft soils is a very special and important feature. It influences both the strength and the stiffness of a soil depending on time. It is, thus, significant to account for time dependence in the geotechnical design when considering the soft soils. This can result in a more robust and economic design of geotechnical structures. Hence, the up-to-date possibilities of regarding creep in practice, which are provided by the existing theories, are reviewed herein.
In this article, we first justify the importance of creep effects in practical applications. Next, we present the fundamental theories explaining the time-dependent behaviour of organic soils. Finally, the revision of the existing constitutive models that can be used in numerical simulations involving soft soils is introduced. Both the models that are implemented in the commercial geotechnical software and some more advanced models that take into account further aspects of soft soils behaviour are revised. The assumptions, the basic equations along with the advantages and the drawbacks of the considered models are described.
The Dependence of the Optimal Size of a Wind Turbine Tower on Wind Profile in Height
Authors: Vorohobovs Vladimirs , Zakharoff Andrey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this article the necessity of measuring wind at its different heights is discussed. The economical optimization of tower height is impossible without such measurement. In places where land is relatively flat, for example, in deserts or swamps, smaller wind turbines are more profitable, while in forest zones bigger turbines are more profitable. In both cases, to make a correct decision on the optimal tower height, it is very important to know exactly the wind profile law. Even for places where land is expensive, the measurement of the wind at different heights can influence the correct decision regarding the optimal size and number of needed turbines for getting the required power. For places with cheaper land, this dependence is even stronger. This analysis refutes a common misconception: “the bigger – the better”.
Fanatisme Penggemar K-Pop Melalui Media Sosial (Studi pada Akun Instagram Fanbase Boyband iKON)
Authors: Wishandy Wishandy , Loisa Riris , Utami Lusia Savitri Setyo 
Published: December 2019

Budaya populer K-Pop telah mewabah sampai keseluruh dunia terutama di Indonesia. K-Pop merupakan industri musik yang terdiri dari girlband dan boyband, salah satunya yaitu boyband iKON. Semakin berkembangnya zaman, penggemar dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi apapun mengenai iKON menggunakan media baru atau new media, salah satunya yaitu media sosial Instagram. Dengan menggunakan Instagram, penggemar dan fandom iKON dapat melampiaskan rasa cinta dan kagumnya terhadap iKON dengan melihat video, berita dan foto-foto tampan dari anggota iKON. Hal tersebut memicu penggemar semakin cinta dan kagum terhadap iKON yang telah menimbulkan fanatisme terhadap idolanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku fanatisme penggemar dalam media sosial mengenai kecintaannya terhadap boyband iKON. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi kasus. Data yang dianalisis diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan admin akun fanbase iKON di Instagram yaitu @ikonictreazure dan @Wowfaktaikon. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggemar merasakan cinta dan kagum yang tinggi dengan menunjukan perilaku-perilaku fanatik terlihat dari respon penggemar saat berkomentar dalam Instagram.
High-pressure Melting Curves of and Phases of Iron
Authors: Hong Nguyen Thi , Khac Hieu Ho 
Published: December 2019

Statistical moment method (SMM) has been applied in combination with Lindemann melting criterion to investigate pressure effects on melting temperature of iron. Melting curves of phase with body-centered cubic structure and phase with face-centered cubic structure of iron have been derived up to pressure 13 GPa and 90 GPa, respectively. This work shows that melting curves of these two phases of iron are increasing functions of pressure, and the higher the pressure is the lower the slopes of melting curves are. Our results are compared with those of available experimental data to verify the developed theory. The efficiency of the SMM on the investigation of melting temperatures of and phases of iron allows us to believe that the present SMM scheme can be developed extensively to determine melting temperatures of other phases of iron as well as other materials.
Cognitive performance and anxiety disorders in young mothers in southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Katakura Edna Aparecida Lopes Bezerra , Coelho Fábio Monteiro da Cunha , Matos Mariana Bonati de , Quevedo Luciana de Avila , Rubin Bárbara Borges , Trettim Jéssica Puchalski , Scholl Carolina Coelho , Cunha Gabriela Kurz da , Amarilho Luisa Siewerdt , Weizer Mariana , Bartel Tailan Rutz , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Pinheiro Karen Amaral Tavares 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To examine the association between Anxiety Disorders (AD) and cognitive performance in young mothers at 30 months postpartum. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study nested to a follow-up study was conducted with 539 young mothers in the city of Pelotas, in southern Brazil. The ADs were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS), cognitive performance was screened with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We used multiple linear regression analysis to explore the association between ADs and cognitive performance. Results: The total MoCA score was associated with the following variables: marital status β= -0.86 (95%CI -1.60;-0.13), education β= 1.22 (95%CI 0.90;1.53), occupation β= 1.03 (95%CI 0.28;1.79), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) β= -2.28 (95%CI -4.07;-0.50) and at least one AD 30 months postpartum β= -0.10 (95%CI -0.20;-0.00). Together, these variables were responsible for 16% of the variance in the total MoCA score, GAD being the variable with the strongest negative association. Conclusions: The results showed that sociodemographic variables, a GAD diagnosis and the presence of at least one AD were significantly associated with low cognitive performance in young mothers at 30 months postpartum.
Five‐Step Synthesis of Yaequinolones J1 and J2
Authors: Schwan Johannes , Kleoff Merlin , Heretsch Philipp , Christmann Mathias 
Published: December 2019

A concise synthesis of yaequinolones J1 and J2 is reported. The route is based on the aryne insertion into the σ- C–N-bond of an unsymmetric imide followed by a diastereoselective aldol cyclization of the resulting N-acylated aminobenzophenone. The chromene motif is generated in the first step by an organocatalytic tandem Knoevenagel-electrocyclization of citral and 2-bromoresorcinol. The approach adheres to the ideality-principle, using almost exclusively strategic bond-formingreactions.
Wie aktuell ist Kants Auflösung des Naturteleologie-Problems?
Authors: Schark Marianne 
Published: December 2019

Is Kant’s solution to the problem of natural teleology still relevant? In the science of biology the notions of purposiveness and function continue to have a widespread use. This use appears problematic if one has to understand purposiveness and functions as mind-dependent, that is, as relational properties that an entity aquires only as a means in the context of the achievement of some end present in the mind of some intentional agent. The paper takes a close look at Kant’s argumentation for why we are obliged to think teleologically about organisms and at his non-naturalistic solution of the problem of natural teleology. Finally the power of Kant’s solution is discussed in comparison to the two main contemporary naturalistic analyses of the notion of function in the philosophy of biology, namely the etiological theory and the causal role-account of functions.
In der Biologie wird der Begriff der Funktion nach wie vor vielfältig eingesetzt, und auch Fragen nach der Zweckmäßigkeit eines Prozesses oder Körperbestandteils spielen eine Rolle. Die Verwendung dieser Konzepte mit Bezug auf die Gegenstände der Biologie erscheint indes problematisch, wenn Zweckmäßigkeit und Funktionen als geistabhängig aufgefaßt werden müssen, d.h. als relationale Eigenschaften, die ein Gegenstand nur in dem Kontext erwirbt, daß er als ein Mittel zur Erreichung eines Ziels eingesetzt wird, welches im Geist eines intrinsisch intentionalen Akteurs präsent ist. Der Beitrag untersucht detailliert, wie Kant dafür argumentiert, daß wir gezwungen sind, über Organismen teleologisch zu denken, und wie er das Problem der Naturteleologie auf nicht-naturalistische Weise auflöst. Anschließend wird die Leistungsfähigkeit seiner Lösung im Vergleich mit den der beiden dominierenden naturalistischen Analysen des Funktionsbegriffs in der zeitgenössischen Wissenschaftstheorie der Biologie diskutiert, nämlich der ätiologischen Theorie der Funktion und der Analyse von Funktionen als kausalen Rollen.
Detection of Active Plaques in Multiple Sclerosis Using 3 and 12 Directional Diffusion-weighted Imaging: Comparison with Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging
Authors: Rahimi S , Azari A , Ghaemmaghami P , Meftahi G H , Pirzad Jahromi G 
Published: December 2019

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by exacerbations of neurological dysfunction due to inflammatory demyelination. MRI is the most sensitive method to make adiagnosis of multiple sclerosis. contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE T1WI) is used as a gold standard to distinguish active and inactive MS lesions. However, Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) have some contraindications. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can detect diffusion alterations in active inflammatory lesions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether common DWI (3 directional) and 12 directional DWI which is used in Diffusion tensor imaging can be an alternative to CE T1WI so as to demonstrat active (enhanced) MS lesions.Methods: In this cross sectional study, at two different hospitals, 138 patients who presented with CNS symptoms suggestive of demyelinating disease were examined. CE T1WI using 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium as well as 3 & 12 directional DWI was done for all patients. To determine the reliability and accuracy of 3 & 12 directional DWI for delineating the enhancement of demyelinating lesions on CET1W, Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the plot of sensitivity versus specifity is called receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.Results: 114 patients (82.6%)revealed contrast enhancement in CE T1WI, 117 (84.7%) and 107 (77.5%) patients demonstrated hyper intense lesions on DWI 12 & DWI 3 respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for DWI 12 was higher than 0.92; however, for DWI 3 was less than 0.64. The DWI 12 data generated a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 62.5%, combined with an AUC of 84%. Besides the sensitivity, specificity and AUC for DWI 3 CE were 86%, 62.5 and 79%, respectively.Conclusion: Among 2 different DWI sequences, 12 directional DWI images have higher reliability and accuracy. Therefore, despite lower sensitivity compared to CE T1WI, it can be a practical diagnostic sequence in discriminating enhancing lesions from non-enhancing lesions when performing CE-MRI is a concern for the patient. concerning the cons and pros of CE T1WI and DWI 12, these two sequences can be used in combination in order to reach higher sensitivities, leading to earlier diagnosis and more cost effective treatment.