bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scattering Nanoparticles-Induced Reflection Effect for Enhancing Optical Efficiency of Inverted Quantum Dots-Light-Emitting Diodes Combined With the Centrifugation Technique
Authors: Li Zong-Tao , Liang Jia-Yong , Li Jia-Sheng , Li Jie-Xin , Tang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInverted packaging structure is a promising alternative for thermal isolation between light-emitting diode (LED) chips and quantum dot (QD) converters with effective heat dissipation. However, serious reflection loss occurs at the lead frame owing to the inverted bonding of LED chips. In this study, the scattering nanoparticles-induced reflection effect has been developed to enhance the optical efficiency of inverted QD-LEDs combined with the centrifugation technique. The strong back-scattered effect of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles with a thin columnar structure is chosen for reflection enhancement according to the ray-tracing and finite different time-domain simulations. Furthermore, a centrifugation technique is introduced to control the equilibrium geometry of the BN-incorporating reflector (BNR) by changing the centrifugal speed. Results indicate that the luminous flux of inverted QD/BNR-LEDs using the optimized concave BNR structure largely increases by 82.8% compared with reference inverted QD-LEDs. The great enhancement is attributed to the light concentrated effect of the concave geometry and the strong diffusion reflection ability of BN scattering nanoparticles. Consequently, the smart design on reflection properties of inverted QD-LEDs is critical for achieving high optical performances.
Smartphone Enabled Phototherapy Irradiance Meter for the Care of the Jaundiced Neonates in Low-Resource Regions
Authors: Powell Patrick , Abdulkadir Isa , Slusher Tina M. , Satrom Katie , DeWitt Gary 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Smartphones have become near ubiquitous on the global stage placing the power of both computational analytics and communication into the hands of users in both high and low-resource regions alike. The potential to leverage these devices to address inequities in healthcare are enormous. Our development team theorizes that we can create a medical device blending a traditional pediatric phototherapy irradiance meter for the treatment of neonatal jaundice with a mobile smartphone to create a reasonably priced irradiance meter with improved performance specifically for low-resource regions. The result of our work is a minimum viable prototype based on an Android operating system tethered wirelessly to a remote sensor that incorporates a clinical training feature. Based on laboratory tests simulating a clinical environment and field testing in Northern Nigeria, the results were equivalent to standard phototherapy meters with additional expected benefits of cost, mobility, access and clinical training.
Variable Hydraulic Transmission to Be Used in a Body-Powered Wearable Robot
Authors: Hashemi Saeed , Durfee William 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A body-powered wearable robot (BPWR) transmits power from one joint to another in an exoskeleton. A variable hydraulic transmission design using long-stroke rolling diaphragm cylinders and efficient on/off valves is suggested in this paper to be used in a BPWR. Using the new design, a high number of transmission ratios are achievable in a smooth mechanism. The number of transmission ratios with respect to the number of cylinders and the pressure drop across the transmission is assessed. The torque loss caused by the pressure drop is 5 percent using a proper conduit geometry.
Evaluating the Fit of Current Anatomical Scapula Reconstruction Plates: A Study Using Fifty Scapulae
Authors: Dey Roopam , Sivarasu Sudesh , Charilaou Johan , Roche Stephen , Hansson Frida 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of scapula fractures have increased in numbers recently. This is due to better functional outcomes achieved post-ORIF than non-operative management techniques. In South Africa, there is only one available supplier for anatomical contoured scapula plates used in the ORIF. This study examines the fit of these plates on the bony topology of fifty healthy scapula. It was observed that the short medial body plate performed the best in adhering to the bone topology followed by the short acromion plate. The glenoid plate and the long acromion and body plates were not adequately designed to fit their intended regions on the scapula. In conclusion, this study highlights the drawbacks in design of current commercial plates available for ORIF of scapula. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the quantitative-fit performance of these plates on fracture scapula surfaces.
Evaluating the Effect of a Double-Walled Aortic Stent-Graft Prototype on Pulse Wave Velocity in an In Vitro Flow Loop
Authors: Kizilski Shannen B. , Coletti Filippo , Faizer Rumi , Barocas Victor H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of a double-walled stent-graft (DWSG) design on arterial compliance was evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements in an in vitro mock arterial flow loop. The DWSG prototype was compared to a rigid stent-graft and to an unstented aorta model. The time delay between two pressure sensors a fixed distance apart was used to calculate PWV. Latex tubing simulated the compliant aorta, and a needle valve provided downstream resistance. A series of pulse rates and stroke volumes was applied to enable measurements at different mean pressures for the same system. PWV for the rigid stent-graft was higher than in the other two cases across all mean pressures. The DWSG exhibited behavior similar to the unstented model, demonstrating the capability of the DWSG to maintain aortic compliance in patients requiring an aortic stent-graft.
USDL: Inexpensive Medical Imaging Using Deep Learning Techniques and Ultrasound Technology
Authors: Balamurugan Manish , Chung Kathryn , Kuppoor Venkat , Mahapatra Smruti , Pustavoitau Aliaksei , Manbachi Amir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, we present USDL, a novel model that employs deep learning algorithms in order to reconstruct and enhance corrupted ultrasound images. We utilize an unsupervised neural network called an autoencoder which works by compressing its input into a latent-space representation and then reconstructing the output from this representation. We trained our model on a dataset that compromises of 15,700 in vivo images of the neck, wrist, elbow, and knee vasculature and compared the quality of the images generated using the structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak to noise ratio (PSNR). In closely simulated conditions, the architecture exhibited an average reconstruction accuracy of 90% as indicated by our SSIM. Our study demonstrates that USDL outperforms state of the art image enhancement and reconstruction techniques in both image quality and computational complexity, while maintaining the architecture efficiency.
Role of children in household transmission of COVID-19
Authors: Kim Jieun , Choe Young June , Lee Jin , Park Young Joon , Park Ok , Han Mi Seon , Kim Jong-Hyun , Choi Eun Hwa 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTransmissibility of COVID-19 by children in the household is not clear. Herein, we describe children’s role in household transmission of COVID-19.Design and settingAll paediatric COVID-19 index cases and their household members reported from 20 January to 6 April 2020 in South Korea were reviewed. The secondary attack rate (SAR) from child index case to household secondary case was calculated. Epidemiological and clinical findings of child index case-household secondary case pair was assessed.ResultsA total of 107 paediatric COVID-19 index cases and 248 of their household members were identified. One pair of paediatric index-secondary household case was identified, giving a household SAR of 0.5% (95% CI 0.0% to 2.6%). The index case was self-quarantined at home after international travel, stayed in her room, but shared a meal table with the secondary case.ConclusionThe SAR from children to household members was low in the setting of social distancing, underscoring the importance of rigorous contact tracing and early isolation in limiting transmission within households.
Early symptoms in symptomatic and preclinical genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Tavares Tamara Paulo , Mitchell Derek G V , Coleman Kristy KL , Coleman Brenda L , Shoesmith Christen L , Butler Christopher R , Santana Isabel , Danek Adrian , Gerhard Alexander , de Mendonca Alexandre , Borroni Barbara , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Graff Caroline , Galimberti Daniela , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Moreno Fermin , Frisoni Giovanni B , Rowe James Benedict , Levin Johannes , Van Swieten John Cornelis , Otto Markus , Synofzik Matthis , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Vandenberghe Rik , Laforce Robert Jr , Ghidoni Roberta , Sorbi Sandro , Ducharme Simon , Masellis Mario , Rohrer Jonathan D , Finger Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe clinical heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) complicates identification of biomarkers for clinical trials that may be sensitive during the prediagnostic stage. It is not known whether cognitive or behavioural changes during the preclinical period are predictive of genetic status or conversion to clinical FTD. The first objective was to evaluate the most frequent initial symptoms in patients with genetic FTD. The second objective was to evaluate whether preclinical mutation carriers demonstrate unique FTD-related symptoms relative to familial mutation non-carriers.MethodsThe current study used data from the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative multicentre cohort study collected between 2012 and 2018. Participants included symptomatic carriers (n=185) of a pathogenic mutation in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), progranulin (GRN) or microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and their first-degree biological family members (n=588). Symptom endorsement was documented using informant and clinician-rated scales.ResultsThe most frequently endorsed initial symptoms among symptomatic patients were apathy (23%), disinhibition (18%), memory impairments (12%), decreased fluency (8%) and impaired articulation (5%). Predominant first symptoms were usually discordant between family members. Relative to biologically related non-carriers, preclinicalMAPTcarriers endorsed worse mood and sleep symptoms, andC9orf72carriers endorsed marginally greater abnormal behaviours. PreclinicalGRNcarriers endorsed less mood symptoms compared with non-carriers, and worse everyday skills.ConclusionPreclinical mutation carriers exhibited neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with non-carriers that may be considered as future clinical trial outcomes. Given the heterogeneity in symptoms, the detection of clinical transition to symptomatic FTD may be best captured by composite indices integrating the most common initial symptoms for each genetic group.
An alarming high prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides and fluoroquinolones inMycoplasma genitaliumin Belgium: results from samples collected between 2015 and 2018
Authors: De Baetselier Irith , Kenyon Chris , Vanden Berghe Wim , Smet Hilde , Wouters Kristien , Van den Bossche Dorien , Vuylsteke Bea , Crucitti Tania 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe number of reported cases of multiresistantMycoplasma genitalium(MG) is increasing globally. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of macrolide and possible fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) of MG in Belgium.MethodsThe study was performed retrospectively on two sets of MG-positive samples collected in Belgium between 2015 and 2018. The first set of samples originated from routine surveillance activities and the second set came from a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission. Detection of RAMs to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was performed on all samples using DNA sequencing of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene, thegyrAgene and theparCgene.ResultsSeventy-one per cent of the MG samples contained a mutation conferring resistance to macrolides or fluoroquinolones (ParC position 83/87). RAMs were more frequently found among men compared with women for fluoroquinolones (23.9% vs 9.1%) and macrolides (78.4% vs 27.3%). Almost 90% of the MG infections among MSM possessed a RAM to macrolides (88.4%). In addition, 18.0% of the samples harboured both macrolides and fluoroquinolone RAMs; 3.0% in women and 24.2% in MSM. Being MSM was associated with macrolide RAMs (OR 15.3), fluoroquinolone RAMs (OR 3.8) and having a possible multiresistant MG infection (OR 7.2).ConclusionThe study shows an alarmingly high prevalence of MG with RAMs to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Belgium. These results highlight the need to improve antimicrobial stewardship in Belgium in order to avoid the emergence of untreatable MG.
Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century
Authors: Janssen Fanny , El Gewily Shady , Bardoutsos Anastasios 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate smoking-attributable mortality in the long-term future in 29 European countries using a novel data-driven forecasting approach that integrates the wave pattern of the smoking epidemic and the cohort dimension.MethodsWe estimated and forecasted age-specific and age-standardised smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) and 95% projection intervals for 29 European countries by sex, 1950–2100, using age-period-cohort modelling with a generalised logit link function. We projected the (decelerating) period increases (women) by a quadratic curve to obtain future declines, and extrapolated the past period decline (men). In addition, we extrapolated the recent cohort trend.ResultsSAMF among men are projected to decline from, on average, 25% in 2014 (11% (Sweden)—41% (Hungary)) to 11% in 2040 (range: 6.3%–15.4%), 7% in 2065 (range: 5.9%–9.4%) and 6% in 2100. SAMF among women in 21 non-Eastern European countries, currently at an average of 16%, are projected to reach peak levels in 2013 (Northern Europe), 2019 (Western Europe), 2027 (Greece, Italy) and 2022 (Central Europe), with maximum levels of, on average, 17% (8% (Greece)—28% (Denmark)), and to decline to 10% in 2040 (range: 4%–20%), 5% in 2065 (range: 3.5%–7.6%) and 4% in 2100. For women, a short-term shift in the peak of the inverse U-shaped age pattern to higher ages is projected, and crossovers between the age-specific trends.ConclusionOur novel forecasting method enabled realistic estimates of the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic in Europe up to 2100. The high peak values in smoking-attributable mortality projected for women warrant attention.
Minimally modified gravity fitting Planck data better than $$\Lambda $$ CDM
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , De Felice Antonio , Mukohyama Shinji , Noui Karim , Oliosi Michele , C. Pookkillath Masroor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the phenomenology of a class of minimally modified gravity theories called $$f(\mathcal {H})$$

f
(
H
)

theories, in which the usual general relativistic Hamiltonian constraint is replaced by a free function of it. After reviewing the construction of the theory and a consistent matter coupling, we analyze the dynamics of cosmology at the levels of both background and perturbations, and present a concrete example of the theory with a 3-parameter family of the function f. Finally, we compare this example model to Planck data as well as some later-time probes, showing that such a realization of $$f(\mathcal {H})$$

f
(
H
)

theories fits the data significantly better than the standard $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model, in particular by modifying gravity at intermediate redshifts, $$z\simeq 743$$

z
≃
743

.
A Parallel and Broadband Helmholtz FMBEM Model for Large-Scale Target Strength Modeling
Authors: Wilkes Daniel R. , Duncan Alec J. , Marburg Steffen 
Published: August 2020

The Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method (FMBEM) reduces the [Formula: see text] computational and memory complexity of the conventional BEM discretized with [Formula: see text] boundary unknowns, to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. A number of massively parallel FMBEM models have been developed in the last decade or so for CPU, GPU and heterogeneous architectures, which are capable of utilizing hundreds of thousands of CPU cores to treat problems with billions of degrees of freedom (dof). On the opposite end of this spectrum, small-scale parallelization of the FMBEM to run on the typical workstation computers available to many researchers allows for a number of simplifications in the parallelization strategy. In this paper, a novel parallel broadband Helmholtz FMBEM model is presented, which utilizes a simple columnwise distribution scheme, element reordering and rowwise compression of data, to parallelize all stages of the fast multipole method (FMM) algorithm with a minimal communication overhead. The sparse BEM near-field and sparse approximate inverse preconditioner are also constructed and executed in parallel, while the flexible generalized minimum residual (fGMRES) solver has been modified to apply the FMBEM matrix-vector products and corresponding minimum residual convergence within the parallel environment. The algorithmic and memory complexities of the resulting parallel FMBEM model are shown to reaffirm the above estimates for both the serial and parallel configurations. The parallel efficiency (PE) of the FMBEM matrix-vector products and fGMRES solution for the present model is shown to be satisfactory; achieving PEs up to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the fGMRES solution using 3 and 6 CPU cores respectively, when applied to models having [Formula: see text] dof per CPU core. The PE of the precalculation stages of the FMBEM — in particular the FMM precomputation stage which is largely unparallelized — reduces the overall PE of the FMBEM model; resulting in average efficiencies of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the 3-core and 6-core models when treating problems with [Formula: see text] dof per CPU core. The present model is able to treat large-scale acoustic scattering problems involving up to [Formula: see text] dof on a workstation computer equipped with 128[Formula: see text]GB of RAM, while acoustic target strength (TS) results calculated up to 3[Formula: see text]kHz for the BeTSSi II submarine model demonstrate its capabilities for large-scale TS modeling.
Anticoagulation Type and Early Recurrence in Cardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Mistry Eva , Liberman Ava L. , Giles James , Asad Syed Daniyal , Liu Angela , Nagy Muhammad , Kaushal Ashutosh , Azher Idrees , Mac Grory Brian , Fakhri Hiba , Brown Espaillat Kiersten , Pasupuleti Hemanth , Martin Heather , Tan Jose , Veerasamy Manivannan , Esenwa Charles , Cheng Natalie , Moncrieffe Khadean , Moeini-Naghani Iman , Siddu Mithilesh , Scher Erica , Trivedi Tushar , Lord Aaron , Furie Karen , Keyrouz Salah , Nouh Amre , Leon Guerrero Christopher R. , de Havenon Adam , Khan Muhib , Henninger Nils 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
In patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, treatment with low molecular weight heparin increases early hemorrhagic risk without reducing early recurrence, and there is limited data comparing warfarin to direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy. We aim to compare the effects of the treatments above on the risk of 90-day recurrent ischemic events and delayed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods:
We included consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation from the IAC (Initiation of Anticoagulation after Cardioembolic) stroke study pooling data from stroke registries of 8 comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. We compared recurrent ischemic events and delayed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between each of the following groups in separate Cox-regression analyses: (1) DOAC versus warfarin and (2) bridging with heparin/low molecular weight heparin versus no bridging, adjusting for pertinent confounders to test these associations.

Results:
We identified 1289 patients who met the bridging versus no bridging analysis inclusion criteria and 1251 patients who met the DOAC versus warfarin analysis inclusion criteria. In adjusted Cox-regression models, bridging (versus no bridging) treatment was associated with a high risk of delayed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.01–7.42]) but a similar rate of recurrent ischemic events (hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.63–2.40]). Furthermore, DOAC (versus warfarin) treatment was associated with a lower risk of recurrent ischemic events (hazard ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.29–0.87]) but not delayed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.22–1.48]).

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that patients with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation would benefit from the initiation of a DOAC without bridging therapy. Due to our study limitations, these findings should be interpreted with caution pending confirmation from large prospective studies.
A Simple Trajectory Model for Climatological Study of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Shan Kaiyue , Yu Xiping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe establishment of a tropical cyclone (TC) trajectory model that can represent the basic physics and is practically advantageous considering both accuracy and computational cost is essential to the climatological studies of various global TC activities. In this study, a simple deterministic model is proposed based on a newly developed semiempirical formula for the beta drift under known conditions of the environmental steering flow. To verify the proposed model, all historical TC tracks in the western North Pacific and the North Atlantic Ocean basins during the period 1979–2018 are simulated and statistically compared with the relevant results derived from observed data. The proposed model is shown to well capture the spatial distribution patterns of the TC occurrence frequency in the two ocean basins. Prevailing TC tracks as well as the latitudinal distribution of the landfall TC number in the western North Pacific Ocean basin are also shown to agree better with the results derived from observed data, as compared to the existing models that took different strategies to include the effect of the beta drift. It is then concluded that the present model is advantageous in terms of not only the accuracy but also the capacity to accommodate the varying climate. It is thus believed that the proposed TC trajectory model has the potential to be used for assessing possible impacts of climate change on tropical cyclone activities.
Work-related Transitions Following Hand Injury: Occupational Therapy Scoping Review
Authors: Uys Michelle Elizabeth , Van Niekerk Lana , Buchanan Helen 
Published: August 2020

Background. Occupational therapists who facilitate work-related transitions after hand injury require robust evidence to inform practice. Purpose. To identify the occupational therapist’s contribution to facilitate work-related transitions for persons with hand injuries and identify gaps in existing knowledge. Method. A systematic search was conducted from 2008 to 2018 to identify articles and doctoral theses published across 14 databases. Data was analysed descriptively. Findings. In total, 15 studies from 16 countries (14 high and 2 upper-middle income) were identified. Four strategies to facilitate work-related transitions were identified. Clear differences were evident across country groupings. Implications. The paucity of research limits evidence-based practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which indicates the need for further research.