bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining invader dominance: Effects of repeated herbicidal management and environmental factors on curlyleaf pondweed dynamics in 50 Minnesota lakes
Authors: Verhoeven Michael R. , Larkin Daniel J. , Newman Raymond M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) is one of the most widespread and widely managed aquatic invasive plants in North America. Despite decades of management, the efficacy of long‐term management strategies and the effects of environmental drivers on curlyleaf pondweed populations remain uncertain.

To evaluate the effects of management and environmental factors on within‐lake distribution and local density of curlyleaf pondweed, we collated monitoring data from point–intercept surveys collected by a variety of lake managers across Minnesota, U.S.A. Using this dataset, comprising 177 lake‐years of plant data, we examined the influence of herbicide treatment, water clarity, snow depth, and ice cover duration on curlyleaf pondweed distribution and density between 2006 and 2015.

We evaluated the effects of herbicides on curlyleaf pondweed at three time points relative to treatment: within year, carryover effects the following year, and cumulative effects over multiple years of treatment. All three temporal measures were associated with significant reductions of curlyleaf pondweed. Additionally, herbicidal management reduced both the density and distribution of curlyleaf pondweed. Given that herbicide management led to reductions that carried over into future years, managers may be able to design multi‐year treatments to reduce total management effort over time.

We also found strong effects of environmental conditions on curlyleaf pondweed. Elevated lake productivity and decreased winter snow cover were associated with increased springtime distributions of curlyleaf pondweed, whereas duration of winter ice cover had no influence. The influence of productivity suggests that reductions of this invasive species may be an ancillary benefit of water‐quality improvements that lower lakes’ trophic status. Our results also show that decreased winter snow cover, as predicted under climate change, could exacerbate problematic growth of curlyleaf pondweed.

Harnessing monitoring data from multiple projects, as this study does, allows for robust inference about environmental and management constraints on macrophytes. Because of environmental and management variability, we suggest that treatment regimens follow an adaptive management cycle, with outcomes of management monitored and evaluated, and strategies updated accordingly. It is also vital to continue monitoring both managed and unmanaged lakes to enable stronger inferences about treatment effectiveness.
State and societal responses to natural disasters in Latin American and Caribbean history
Authors: Dauer Quinn P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural hazards—earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, droughts, volcanoes, famines, epidemics, and climatic events such as El Niño–Southern Oscillations—have repeatedly struck Latin America and the Caribbean since pre‐Columbian times. The natural disasters that result provide historians an optic into political, social, economic, and cultural structures under stress and stripped of their everyday façades during the colonial and modern periods. Catastrophes reveal the ability of governments and administrators to efficiently and adequately respond, highlight embedded mentalities and social relationships, contribute to political and economic transformations, underscore scientific and technological advances, and the persistence of religious perspectives of calamities. States and societies that repeatedly experience natural hazards develop a culture of disaster to adapt and cope with catastrophic events by creating institutions and building codes, architecture, and mentalities. A historical perspective of contemporary calamities examines the political decisions, social and economic structures, and cultural milieu over time that created the natural disasters.
Development of LTCC micro‐hotplate with PTC temperature sensor for gas‐sensing applications
Authors: Kulhari Lokesh , Ray Kanad , Paptan Ankit , Suri Nikhil , Khanna Pramod K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) micro‐hotplates show wide applications in gas sensors and micro‐fluidic devices. It is easily structured in three‐dimensional structures. This paper presents the low power consumption micro‐hotplates which were developed with PTC (positive temperature coefficient) temperature sensor and inter‐digitated electrodes. The paper presents two different structures for micro‐hotplate with platinum as a heating element. The PTC temperature sensor using two different materials viz. PdAg and platinum paste are developed with micro‐hotplates. The simulation has been achieved through COMSOL for LTCC and alumina micro‐hotplates. The temperature variation with power consumption has been measured for the developed LTCC micro‐hotplates. The change in resistance of PTC temperature sensors was measured with micro‐hotplate temperature. The aim of this study was to place a temperature sensor with the gas sensor module to measure and control the temperature of micro‐hotplate. A SnO2 sensing layer is coated on LTCC micro‐hotplate using screen printing and characterized for the sensing of carbon monoxide gas (CO). This study will be beneficial for designing hotplates based on LTCC technology with low power consumption and better stability of temperature for gas‐sensing applications.
Multiple-Benefit Analysis of Scaling-Up Building Energy Efficiency Programs: The Case Study of Tunisia
Authors: Krarti Moncef 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper evaluates the benefits of scaling-up energy efficiency and renewable energy programs for the building sector in Tunisia. Both energy and non-energy benefits are quantified using a bottom-up analysis approach to assess economic, environmental, and social impacts of a wide range of energy policies targeting new and existing Tunisian building stocks. The investments required to scale-up programs set to improve the energy efficiency performance of existing building stocks are determined in order to assess both their cost-effectiveness and their impact on the overall energy productivity of Tunisia's economy. The energy productivity analysis is performed to account for both energy and non-energy benefits of building-integrated energy efficiency programs. The energy productivity analysis clearly shows that retrofitting existing building stock has several benefits for Tunisia including reduction of the national energy consumption as well as improvement of the country's overall economy energy efficiency. However, only basic retrofit programs are found to be cost-effective for the private sector to implement with discounted payback periods of less than 5 years. Combined with improving the energy efficiency of new and existing buildings, the installation of rooftop photovoltaic systems for households can significantly lower reliance of Tunisia on imported fuels and improve the energy productivity of its overall economy.
METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENUSBRUCELLAIII
Authors: Meyer Margaret E. 
Published: January 2020

Meyer, MargaretE. (University of California, Davis). Metabolic characterization of the genusBrucella. III. Oxidative metabolism of strains that show anomalous characteristics by conventional determinative methods. J. Bacteriol.82:401–410. 1961.—The oxidative metabolic patterns were determined on 83 strains of brucellae that had been described as “atypical” because they differed in one or more characteristics or because they had been isolated from an abnormal host (other than the natural reservoir for that species).Of the 83 strains examined, 44 displayed the metabolic pattern forBrucella melitensis. A comparison was then made between the results of identifying these strains metabolically and by the conventional methods. It was found that a few strains ofB. melitensisshowed a decreased tolerance to basic fuchsin and thionin, but none of the strains that was identified metabolically asB. melitensisproduced H2S or required CO2. No biotypes have been reported for this species, since only slight quantitative variation in dye tolerances occurs among strains ofB. melitensis, and no metabolic variants were found. It is concluded thatB. melitensisis a homogenous species and can be identified with certainty by its oxidative metabolic pattern, irrespective of its host or geographic source.Of the remaining strains, 38 displayed the metabolic pattern singular forBrucella abortus. Evidence was presented to support the conclusion that in this species the characteristics of dye tolerance, H2S production, and CO2required for initial growth vary independently of each other, and strains that differ from the species description by these criteria can be identified correctly by their oxidative metabolic pattern.Of the 83 atypical strains examined, 24 were strains ofBrucelladescribed as a new species,Brucella intermedia(Renoux). Of these 24 strains, 10 were identified asBrucella melitensis, 13 asBrucella abortus, and one asBrucella suis. Evidence was presented to support the conclusion thatB. intermedia(Renoux) cannot be considered as a new species.
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES ON MYCOBACTERIA
Authors: Fregnan G. B. , Smith D. W. , Randall H. M. 
Published: January 2020

Fregnan, G. B. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), D. W.Smith, and H. M. Randall. Biological and chemical studies on mycobacteria. Relationship of colony morphology to mycoside content forMycobacterium kansasiiandMycobacterium fortuitum. J. Bacteriol.82:517–527. 1961.—Using a suitable technique and an adequate medium it was possible to show a unique and uniform type of colony characteristic forMycobacterium kansasii(photochromogen) and forMycobacterium fortuitumstrains freshly isolated either from patients, or from the soil, or kept in our stock culture collection for several years. New symbols have been proposed to represent these colony types. It was demonstrated that colony morphology is closely related to the specific mycoside present in a given strain; for example,M. kansasiistrains showed in each instance colony typeKand mycoside A, andM. fortuitumstrains showed colony typeFand mycoside F. Attention is called to the importance of the technique and the medium used.No change in colony morphology resulted from incubation in the presence of air containing 5 to 10% CO2, although this improved growth. Better growth of mycobacteria occurred in the presence of glycerol, or lipids of a human strain of mycobacteria, or sodium bicarbonate, but the specificity of colony form was lost.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON CELLULAR COMPONENTS OFBORDETELLA PERTUSSISI
Authors: Onoue Kaoru , Kitagawa Masayasu , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: January 2020

Onoue, Kaoru, (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan),Masayasu Kitagawa, and Yuichi Yamamura. Chemical studies on cellular components ofBordetella pertussis. I. Purification and properties of agglutinogen. J. Bacteriol.82:648–656. 1961.—A method is described for the preparation of the agglutinogen ofHemophilus pertussisin phase I by methanol precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography.High homogeneity of this agglutinogen was evidenced by chromatography, but a trace of impurity was detected by ultracentrifugal analysis and by an agar gel diffusion test.The agglutinogen produced an allergic skin reaction in rabbits which had been immunized with whole phase I organisms.Chemical studies indicate that the agglutinogen should be a simple protein in nature. The approximate molecular weight was determined to be 10,000 by Archibald's method.
AN EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL ELABORATED BY
MICROCOCCUS SODONENSIS
Authors: Campbell J. N. , Evans James B. , Perry Jerome J. , Niven C. F. 
Published: January 2020

Campbell
, J. N. (American Meat Institute Foundation, Chicago, Ill.),
James B. Evans Jerome J. Perry, and C. F. Niven, Jr.
An extracellular material elaborated by
Micrococcus sodonensis
. J. Bacteriol.
82:
828–837. 1961.—When actively growing in a yeast extract-tryptone broth,
Micrococcus sodonensis
produced rather large quantities of an extracellular material. On a dry weight basis, this material consisted of approximately 80% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 6% ribonucleic acid, 13% protein, and a small quantity of a cell pigment which contained an associated iron porphyrinlike compound.

The extracellular material was not produced in other complex or synthetic media. Removal of cells from the appropriate growth medium and suspension in distilled water resulted in the prevention of formation of the material if it had not already begun, or its immediate cessation in those cells which had been actively producing the material.
Cells producing the extracellular material exhibited an increasingly higher concentration of intracellular DNA as incubation proceeded, whereas cells growing under conditions not supporting such production showed a decline in intracellular DNA as the culture aged. A similar increase of intracellular DNA, but not release of extracellular material, could be effected by addition of yeast extract or high levels of purine compounds to a medium which did not support the production of extracellular material.
The base composition and ratios of both extracellular and intracellular DNA produced under all conditions tested were compared and found to be similar or identical, and to correspond to the classical Watson-Crick structure for DNA.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF ANTIGENICALLY RELATED POXVIRUSES ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF THE CHICK EMBRYO
Authors: Hahon Nicholas , Friel James J. 
Published: January 2020

Hahon, Nicholas(U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Frederick, Md.)and James J. Friel. Comparative studies of the multiplication of antigenically related poxviruses on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. J. Bacteriol.83:837–843. 1962.—A comparison was made of the general growth curves of several poxviruses, variola, alastrim, vaccinia, cowpox, rabbitpox, and monkeypox, on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. All curves showed a lag period, followed by a tenfold increase of infectivity each 5 hr for approximately 20 to 25 hr, a peak growth level at 48 to 52 hr (except monkeypox), and a gradual decline after 72 hr.Closer examination of the lag period revealed a rapid decline of virus infectivity within 2 to 4 hr after inoculation and the manifestation of an eclipse phase for 4 and 6 hr with all poxviruses. The lag period was terminated with the detection of intracellular virus at 8 to 12 hr, followed by the appearance of extracellular virus 2 to 6 hr later. The proportion of extracellular to intracellular virus was 0.1 or less throughout the different stages of poxvirus growth. In contrast to findings with the other poxviruses, however, extracellular virus equaled or exceeded the quantity of intracellular virus during the latter stages of the growth curves of variola and alastrim viruses.
O estômago da cidade
Authors: Graças João Marcos Teixeira G. das , Tozi Fábio 
Published: January 2020

O mundo atual é pautado por um contexto de crises, no qual os avanços técnicos constituem uma corrida desenfreada por novas modernizações, criando perversidades (ver a obra de Milton Santos, Por uma outra globalização, de 2000). Estas perversidades são concretizadas no território, ou no seu uso, permitindo uma leitura por meio da pobreza que se manifesta como fome e/ou fome oculta, como já observava Josué de Castro em Geografia da Fome (1946) e Geopolítica da Fome (1951).
Segundo Milton Santos, em A Natureza do Espaço (1994), as cidades são a confluência entre verticalidades e horizontalidades, ou seja, o espaço banal, onde todos vivem, mesmo que a possibilidade de ação não seja igual para todos. Nesta situação, a comunicação procura abarcar a dinâmica dos processos que englobam o comércio popular de alimentos no centro de Belo Horizonte.
A alimentação é uma das necessidades básicas humanas, afetando diretamente o seu cotidiano. Por isso, o objetivo é compreender como se dão a alimentação dos pobres na metrópole e a formação de um mercado socialmente necessário ou um circuito inferior da economia urbana (formas de organização rudimentares, baixa capitalização e densidade tecnológica), conforme Milton Santos, em O Espaço Dividido (1979), tendo o objetivo de assegurar a alimentação desta população.
Como metodologia de pesquisa, realizamos um recorte espacial de uma área no centro de Belo Horizonte, nas proximidades do Terminal Rodoviário, onde se percebe uma alta presença de trabalhadores e transeuntes, além de linhas de transporte que conectam o centro da urbe à sua periferia e Região Metropolitana. Observam-se, no centro de Belo Horizonte, processos do comércio popular de alimentação semelhantes àqueles notados por Lívia C. Antipon, em O circuito inferior da economia urbana no centro do município de Campinas (2017), como um dinamismo local de comércios e serviços populares, atividades que concretizam um circuito comercial de alimentação necessário aos trabalhadores e consumidores pobres que perpassam o centro.
Como fruto de uma pesquisa em curso, encontrou-se nessa área típicos traços do circuito inferior, como estabelecimentos com preços e publicidades chamativas e com diversas promoções para o consumidor de baixa renda. Além disso, em horários estratégicos, como o de almoço, o comércio ambulante se faz presente com a oferta de marmitas (5 a 10 reais), haja vista que essa área também é composta por um amplo setor de comércios, do qual o trabalhador não pode se fazer ausente e por isso a atuação dos ambulantes se faz essencial. Por fim, além de apresentar a dinâmica de um mercado socialmente necessário da alimentação, observa-se também uma nova fome oculta, sustentada pela ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados/industrializados e com baixo valor nutricional. Pois, em muitos casos, o alimento ingerido não é resultado do que se deseja consumir e sim do que se pode comprar.
Esboço de uma Análise Econômica do Direito à Alimentação Adequada
Authors: Canto Vanessa Santos do 
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um esboço de Análise Econômica do Direito centrada na Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (PNSAN) elaborada no ano de 2009. Destaca dois principais aspectos, quais sejam: o custo para garantir o direito à alimentação e a atualidade da discussão acerca do papel representado pelo direito à diferença na Teoria do Estado Contemporânea desde a perspectiva da filosofia analítica e dos estudos culturais. Ressalta, notadamente a relação existente entre multiculturalismo e Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA), mas também alguns aspectos relativos ao gênero e às formas de preparar os alimentos e sua relação com a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED).
Neste sentido, destacamos que, nos muros da Avenida Brasil situada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, existem algumas pichações que descrevem: “Amarrações do amor”. “Médium das causas impossíveis”. Qual seria a relação dessas frases com o direito à alimentação adequada? Quais as possibilidades de ser garantida a alimentação adequada no atual contexto societário brasileiro? A indagação se deve ao fato de que o Estado brasileiro tem passado por importantes discussões acerca da reforma trabalhista que está impactando toda a base normativa do Direito do Trabalho e, de maneira mediata, a base do Direito Financeiro e Tributário, essenciais à intervenção do Estado na área econômica.
Isto significa que, em um contexto no qual a crise do Estado Social também tem passado por importantes mudanças, consideramos relevante discutir os alcances e limites de um dos direitos fundamentais mais essenciais, recentemente incluído no rol dos direitos sociais no texto constitucional da República Federativa do Brasil, qual seja, o direito à alimentação, através da EC no. 64/2010.
Nesse sentido, discutiremos e desenvolveremos alguns aspectos acerca da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (PNSAN) elaborada no ano de 2009, desde a perspectiva da Análise Econômica do Direito. Destacaremos dois principais aspectos, quais sejam: o custo para garantir o direito à alimentação e a atualidade da discussão acerca do papel representado pelo direito à diferença na Teoria do Estado Contemporânea desde a perspectiva da filosofia analítica e dos estudos culturais, notadamente a relação existente entre multiculturalismo e Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA).
Neste sentido, no contexto do multiculturalismo, comer é igual a “rezar e amar”? Não apenas, mas cada vez mais. É também definição de padrão de estética, de racialidade e de exercício da sexualidade, conforme afirma Stuart Hall no texto “A questão multicultural”. É “justamente” por isso que a discussão acerca do direito à alimentação adequada não pode ser menosprezada.
A Lei Seca e a ascensão do controle biopolítico estadunidense
Authors: Costa Caio César Alves da 
Published: January 2020

A pulsão pela alteração da consciência alcançada por meio do uso das mais diversas substâncias, incluindo o álcool, acompanha a humanidade desde seus tempos primordiais e exerceu – e ainda exerce – um papel central na formação do tecido social e na construção da cultura humana. Anteriormente, a economia desses usos era regida por valores religiosos e morais. No entanto, a partir da modernidade, temos como fruto da articulação e expansão do aparato estatal um aumento do controle biopolítico sobre os cidadãos.
A regulação de bebidas alcoólicas nos Estados Unidos ascendeu apoiada em movimentos religiosos de temperança dinamizados pelo crescimento de uma classe média que tinha como preceito a autodisciplina visando à ascensão social; o movimento feminista, que fazia parte do movimento progressista da época; e o interesse de grandes empresários, como John Rockefeller e Henry Ford, os quais doaram milhões às organizações proibicionistas e eugenistas em busca de uma mão de obra mais eficiente e um maior controle da vida privada de seus empregados.
É sobre essa temática que me debruço em minha pesquisa de iniciação científica com a finalidade de melhor compreender o contexto social e político que propiciou o surgimento de uma medida regulatória radical como o Vosltead Act, analisar a importância e centralidade do álcool na cultura das minorias sociais como imigrantes e afro-americanos e suas divergências com os valores protestantes, explicitar o aumento do poder policial do governo – tanto federal quanto estadual –, além de rastrear as possíveis continuidades das mudanças ocorridas durante a proibição na sociedade estadunidense.
A metodologia utilizada para alcançar esses objetivos é uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando uma vasta gama de títulos sobre o tema – sendo sua grande maioria no idioma inglês –, tendo como obra basilar o livro The War On Alcohol: Prohibition And The Rise of The American State, de Lisa McGirr (2016). Com isso, pretendo realizar um mapeamento da historiografia já publicada sobre o tema, além de disponibilizar uma produção científica para os leitores de língua portuguesa, abrindo espaço para novos desdobramentos na área em questão.