bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of Phosphate‐bearing Carbonate Concretions in the Upper Triassic Lacustrine Black Shales of the Southern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: ZHANG Long , LIU Chiyang , ZHANG Dongdong , QU Shaodong , MA Huanhuan , JIANG Chong , LEI Kaiyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbonate concretions are conspicuous in organic‐rich shales and are generally related to decomposition of organic matter. The black shales from the Chang 7 Member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the southern Ordos Basin host abundant carbonate concretions, which provide a unique record of depositional and early diagenetic conditions of the paleo‐lake sediments. However, little attention has been given to the genesis and growth processes of the concretions in these lacustrine petroleum source rocks. New petrographic observations and geochemical analysis show that the concretions are composed of calcite, phosphate fossil fragments, K‐NH4‐feldspar, quartz, bitumen, and minor Fedolomite. Phosphate minerals, mainly carbonate fluorapatite (CFA), show pervasive replacement by calcite, most of which contains phosphorus, ranging in concentration from 0.26 to 2.35 wt%. This suggests that the phosphate minerals are the precursors for concretion growth. Positive δ13C (+5.6 to +12.4 &#x2030; V‐PDB) signatures and the absence of pyrite indicate that microbial methanogenesis was the dominant driver for concretion growth, rather than bacterial sulfate reduction. Quartz, bitumen, and Fe‐dolomite are the last cements that occurred, at deep burial depths and high temperatures. The formation of phosphate minerals might have been induced by upwelling of phosphate‐enriched deep water in the Late Triassic paleolake, which promoted phytoplankton blooms and further enrichment of organic matter. Extremely slow sedimentation rates of fine‐grained detrital minerals, relative to dead organism accumulation, led to the high permeabilities of the organic‐rich sediments and rapid concretion growth during shallow burial. The close association of phosphate‐bearing carbonate concretions and organic‐rich shales reflects that upwelling played a critical role in the formation of the high‐quality petroleum source rocks in the Triassic paleo‐Ordos lake.
Validation of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale in Korean patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Jeakal Eunju , Park Kiho , Lee Eunbyeol , Strauss Gregory P. , Choi Kee‐Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) was developed based on the current consensus on negative symptoms. We validated the Korean version of the BNSS (K‐BNSS) and explored the factor structure of negative symptoms among 173 Koreans with schizophrenia.MethodsClinical interviews and neurocognitive assessments were administered to evaluate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the K‐BNSS.ResultsThe five‐factor model of the K‐BNSS showed excellent reliability and validity.DiscussionOur findings confirm that the K‐BNSS is a promising instrument for assessing negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and that negative symptoms are best conceptualized in the form of five domains.
Opioid prescriptions are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in a national cohort of patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Jiang Yue , Rogal Shari S. , Tapper Elliot B. , Lieber Sarah R. , Barritt A. Sidney 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundOpioids are often prescribed for pain in cirrhosis and may increase the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).AimTo assess the association between opioids and HE in patients with well‐compensated cirrhosis.MethodsWe used the IQVIA PharMetrics (Durham, NC) database to identify patients aged 18‐64 years with cirrhosis. We excluded patients with any decompensation event from 1 year before cirrhosis diagnosis to 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis. Over the 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis, we determined the duration of continuous opioid use and classified use into short term (1‐89 days) and chronic (90‐180 days). We assessed whether patients developed HE over the subsequent year (ie 6‐18 months after cirrhosis diagnosis). We used a landmark analysis and performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess associations between opioid use and HE, adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsThe cohort included 6451 patients with compensated cirrhosis, of whom 23.3% and 4.7% had short‐term and chronic opioid prescriptions respectively. Over the subsequent year, HE occurred in 6.3% patients with chronic opioid prescriptions, 5.0% with short‐term opioid prescriptions and 3.3% with no opioid prescriptions. In the multivariable model, an increased risk of HE was observed with short‐term (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07‐1.94) and chronic opioid prescriptions (adjusted HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07‐3.12) compared to no opioid prescriptions.ConclusionIn this national cohort of privately insured patients with cirrhosis, opioid prescriptions were associated with the risk of incident HE. Opioid use should be minimised in those with cirrhosis and, when required, limited to short duration.
Review article: determination of the therapeutic range for therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab and infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gibson David J. , Ward Mark G. , Rentsch Clarissa , Friedman Antony B. , Taylor Kirstin M. , Sparrow Miles P. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimise anti‐TNF therapies in patients with IBD depends upon target ranges.AimsTo review methodology used to determine therapeutic ranges and critically compare and contrast its application to infliximab and adalimumab.MethodsA systematic review was performed, and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined.ResultsUpper limits of the therapeutic range are determined by toxicity, a plateau response and cost. Lower limits are determined by optimal concentration on the target of action in vitro and/or in vivo, or by correlation of drug levels with clinical efficacy using area‐under‐receiver‐operator‐curve (AUROC) analysis. In 43 studies, there were huge variations in time at which infliximab and adalimumab levels were measured, the end‐points used (clinical remission to mucosal healing), the clinical setting (active disease vs maintenance phase) and the reason for TDM (proactive vs reactive). In the maintenance phase for infliximab, lower trough limits 2.8‐5.7 µg/mL are reported depending upon end‐points used, with consistent AUROC 0.68‐0.77. Adalimumab TDM targets are even less consistent with a lower limit 5.9‐11.8 µg/mL (AUROC 0.66‐0.83) in some studies, but no cut‐off can be identified that is significantly associated with outcome in others, related to inherent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences, and heterogeneity of study design.ConclusionsEvidence for exposure‐response relationship is stronger for infliximab than adalimumab. Due to heterogeneity in settings for drug level measurements, therapeutic ranges vary. These factors need to be taken into account when interpreting the evidence and extending this to therapeutic strategies for IBD patients.
Highly efficient stepped wedge designs for clusters of unequal size
Authors: Matthews John N. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe stepped wedge design (SWD) is a form of cluster randomized trial, usually comparing two treatments, which is divided into time periods and sequences, with clusters allocated to sequences. Typically all sequences start with the standard treatment and end with the new treatment, with the change happening at different times in the different sequences. The clusters will usually differ in size but this is overlooked in much of the existing literature. This paper considers the case when clusters have different sizes and determines how efficient designs can be found. The approach uses an approximation to the variance of the treatment effect, which is expressed in terms of the proportions of clusters and of individuals allocated to each sequence of the design. The roles of these sets of proportions in determining an efficient design are discussed and illustrated using two SWDs, one in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and one in renal replacement therapy. Cluster‐balanced designs, which allocate equal numbers of clusters to each sequence, are shown to have excellent statistical and practical properties; suggestions are made about the practical application of the results for these designs. The paper concentrates on the cross‐sectional case, where subjects are measured once, but it is briefly indicated how the methods can be extended to the closed‐cohort design.
Bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Carvalho Thatiany A. , Ronsoni Marcelo F. , Hohl Alexandre , van de Sande‐Lee Simone 
Published: January 2020

SummarySurgical treatment of obesity leads to weight loss and metabolic improvement, but it is unclear if the response differs between patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Retrospective cohort study comparing weight loss and metabolic outcomes between patients with and without type 2 diabetes, matched for body mass index (BMI), gender and age, 12 months after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. Forty‐eight patients with type 2 diabetes (D) and 48 without type 2 diabetes (ND) were evaluated, 87.5% female, mean age 42.2 ± 0.9 years. The mean baseline weight and BMI of the D and ND groups were, respectively, 120.3 ± 21.6 vs 123.7 ± 20.8 kg (P = .45) and 47.2 ± 7.5 vs 47.2 ± 6.9 kg/m2 (P = .70). After 12 months, there was no significant difference in weight (40.4 ± 16.9 vs 44.1 ± 12.2 kg, P = .28) and BMI (15.8 ± 6.5 vs 16.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2, P = .26) variation between groups. The parameters that presented significant variation were (D vs ND): fasting blood glucose (41.6 ± 43.0 vs 12.7 ± 17.2 mg/dL, P < .01), HbA1c (1.8 ± 1.6 vs 0.6 ± 0.7%; P < .01), triglycerides (91.1 ± 100.4 vs 54.2 ± 43.8 mg/dL; P = .04), low‐density lipoprotein (27.2 ± 41.5 vs 37.5 ± 24.2 mg/dL; P < .01) and gamma glutamyl transferase (46.5 ± 55.3 vs 17.7 ± 11.9 UI/L; P = .04). Weight loss 12 months after a gastric bypass was similar in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, the greater metabolic benefits appearing in patients with type 2 diabetes as they had more pronounced changes at baseline.
Who Can We Trust: A New Approach for Fraudulent Rater Detection in Reputation Systems
Authors: Cai Yuanfeng , Zhu Dan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTReputation systems are widely applied in the electronic marketplace to provide reference information for consumers and alleviate their transactional risk. Despite the convenience of reputation systems, they are vulnerable to malicious ratings injected by fraudulent raters. Although several rating fraud detection methods have been proposed in previous research, their performance has limitations in relatively complicated attack scenarios. In this study, we have used real‐world rating datasets from Expedia.com, TripAdvisor.com, and Amazon.com to explore features of collaborative rating fraud. Leveraging these features, this study proposes a two‐phase approach for fraudulent rater detection. It first examines the rating series of each entity and identifies the suspicious entities. For raters of all suspicious entities, a clustering technique is then adopted to discriminate fraudulent raters. We have performed a series of empirical evaluations to compare the effectiveness of the proposed method with three benchmark methods using another real‐world dataset, in terms of fraudulent rater detection accuracy or rating difference. Our results show the advantages of the proposed method in various rating fraud scenarios.
Comparison of bispectral index and spectral entropy during isoflurane and medetomidine general anaesthesia in horses
Authors: Navarrete‐Calvo Rocío , Morgaz Juan , Gómez‐Villamandos Rafael J. , Quirós‐Carmona Setefilla , Domínguez Juan M. , Ruiz‐López Patricia , Granados María M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe bispectral index (BIS) has been evaluated as an indicator of central nervous system (CNS) depression in horses during general anaesthesia. The spectral entropy is another electroencephalographic device and it has not been evaluated yet in horses.ObjectivesTo determine if spectral entropy can assess anaesthetic depth during the different phases of anaesthesia, define the value of state and response entropy during surgical plane of anaesthesia and compare them with BIS.Study designClinical, prospective, non‐blinded observational study.MethodsThirty‐five horses ASA I or II undergoing scheduled surgical procedure were used. BIS and electromyography (EMG) with a BIS monitor and state and response entropy with a spectral entropy monitor were recorded at baseline after receiving 5 µg/kg bwt i.v. of medetomidine (sedation period), during the anaesthetic maintenance with isoflurane and medetomidine (intraoperative period) and once the trachea was extubated (recovery period). A general linear model for repeated measurements was employed. Correlation and agreement between methods were also assessed. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsState entropy, response entropy and EMG showed significant differences according to the anaesthetic period (P < .001). There was no significant difference in BIS between baseline and sedation period, but there were differences between the remainder of the periods (P < .001). BIS (53.4 ± 11.2) was significantly higher (P < .001) than response entropy (35.1 ± 7.1) and state entropy (27.4 ± 4.8) during surgical plane of anaesthesia. The ICC between BIS and response entropy was 0.56 and between BIS and state entropy was 0.43, without agreement between them.Main limitationsThe need to shave the skin in contact with the sensors and the difficulty in taking measurements during recovery period.ConclusionsSpectral entropy can be used to detect the different periods of an anaesthetic protocol, with the lowest values during the intraoperative period. A low correlation and no concordance were observed between both methods.
Characterization of the nonlinear fracture resistance parameters for an aviation GTE turbine disc
Authors: Shlyannikov Valery , Ishtyryakov Ivan , Tumanov Andrey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of crack growth rate model formulation, based on the elastic‐plastic and undamaged/damaged creep crack tip fields on the behaviour of low‐cycle fatigue and creep fracture resistance parameter behaviour, are represented by numerical calculations. The crack growth rate models include the fracture process zone size and damage parameters. An aviation gas turbine engine (GTE) rotating turbine disc is the focus of this innovative application of basic analytical and numerical solutions. For the GTE turbine disc, the constraint parameters, local fracture process zone sizes, and nonlinear plastic (Kp) and creep (Kcr) stress intensity factors are calculated by finite element analysis to characterize the fracture resistance along the semielliptical crack front as a function of the flaw aspect ratio, operation temperature, and disc rotation speed. Predictions of the creep‐fatigue crack growth rate and residual lifetime are given for different combinations of operation loading conditions and damage of the GTE turbine disc.
Users' and researchers' construction of equity in research collaboration
Authors: Stuhlfauth Susanne , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud , Foss Christina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEquity is described as an ideal in user involvement in research and is mentioned in the health service literature and in several guidelines. However, equity is described as being difficult to obtain and the concept is rarely clarified or concretized. Equity can be socially constructed.ObjectiveThis study explored users' and researchers' constructions of equity in research processes.Design and MethodThe study had a qualitative research design. Constructions of equity were analysed through the lens of positioning theory. Two focus group interviews consisting of both users and researchers were conducted.FindingsThe thirteen users and four researchers considered ‘equity’ as an important part of user involvement in research. Storylines about norms, responsibility, language, knowledge and usefulness evolved in the discussions. These storylines elucidated unequal access to rights and duties.Discussion and conclusionUsers and researchers constructed equity in user involvement differently, but the difference was masked by an apparent agreement. Users and researchers drew on different storylines. The researchers emphasized the scientific discourse and although users acknowledged this discourse, they attempted to oppose this dominant discourse by drawing on a lay discourse. The identified constructions and negotiations of equity may contribute in new understandings of an equal collaboration in user involvement in research.
Influence of adaptive behaviour on the quality of life of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Balboni Giulia , Mumbardó‐Adam Cristina , Coscarelli Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the role of adaptive behaviour, individual variables (age, gender and problem behaviours) and environmental variables (living arrangements, employment status and city dimension) in affecting the quality of life of individuals with IDD measured from third‐party (caregiver) and individuals with IDD' perspective.MethodFor 93 adults with an IDD diagnosis (47% males) aged 19–65 years, third‐party and participants' perspective on participants' quality of life (Personal Outcome Scale), adaptive behaviour (Vineland‐II scale), problem behaviours (PIMRA and DASH‐II scales), and individual and environmental variables were collected.ResultsAdaptive behaviour was the main determinant of quality of life for individuals with IDD. The effect of adaptive behaviour was significant and relevant from both third‐party and participants' perspectives. Problem behaviours had a modest negative impact on the quality of life.ConclusionsAdaptive behaviour is relevant for planning support and interventions for people with IDD to increase their quality of life.
Underlying risk preferences and analyst risk‐taking behavior
Authors: Cleary Sean , Jona Jonathan , Lee Gladys , Shemesh Joshua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between underlying risk preferences on analysts’ work‐related decisions. Specifically, we examine whether facial width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR), an innate personal characteristic that has been linked to financial risk tolerance, is associated with analysts’ stock coverage decisions and the boldness of their earnings forecasts and stock recommendations. We find that high‐fWHR analysts cover firms with lower earnings predictability, and issue bolder forecasts and recommendations. Our findings shed new light on the black box of analyst decision making, assisting investment practitioners in evaluating the information content produced by different types of analysts and understanding the observed dispersion in analyst forecasts.
High spatial turnover in springtails of the Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Janion‐Scheepers Charlene , Bengtsson Jan , Duffy Grant A. , Deharveng Louis , Leinaas Hans Petter , Chown Steven L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe extraordinary diversity of plants across the Cape Floristic Region is characterized by considerable species turnover among sites. Phytophagous insects show similarly high turnover, but their patterns are closely coupled to those of their hosts. If the mechanisms underlying high plant turnover are not unique to plants, similar patterns of turnover should also be seen in non‐herbivorous arthropod groups. We tested this hypothesis using new data for the Collembola fauna of the Fynbos biome.LocationThe south‐western Cape, South Africa.TaxonSpringtails (Hexapoda: Collembola).MethodsWe sampled springtails from six sites over two seasons. Species richness was compared with expected values from other studies worldwide given the environmental characteristics of the sites sampled. Nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity were calculated and compared against beta diversity patterns of springtails across Europe.ResultsA total of 114 morphospecies from 14 families was collected. Species richness of Fynbos sites ranged from 14 to 31 species, which was not significantly different to that previously reported for non‐Fynbos locations and generally within expectations given the temperature, rainfall and productive energy of each site. Beta diversity was high across all pairwise comparisons of Fynbos sites and dominated by species replacement rather than assemblage nestedness. Relative to the distance between sites, Fynbos assemblages, with a median inter‐site distance of 140 km, showed beta diversity substantially higher than in European assemblages, which had a median inter‐site distance of 1,270 km.Main conclusionsAlpha diversity of Fynbos Collembola assemblages is in keeping with species richness expectations. By contrast, beta diversity is high given the small distances among sites and is characterized predominantly by species turnover. These patterns of unremarkable alpha diversity, but high turnover among sites are comparable to many Fynbos plant groups. The mechanisms giving rise to high beta diversity of the plants may also have led to high diversity in other taxa.
Atrial fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: Current perspectives
Authors: Vlachos Konstantinos , Mascia Giuseppe , Martin Claire A. , Bazoukis George , Frontera Antonio , Cheniti Ghassen , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Efremidis Micheal , Georgopoulos Stamatis , Gkalapis Charis , Duchateau Josselin , Parmbrun Thomas , Derval Nicholas , Hocini Mélèze , Haissaguerre Michel , Jais Pierre , Sacher Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) has been reported at between 9% and 53% by different series, but the true prevalence is unknown. However, AF may be the presenting feature in some patients. The underlying mechanisms for AF may be a combination of multiple factors, genetic or acquired, that may impact upon autonomic function, atrial structure, and conduction velocities or other unknown factors. The presence of AF has been associated with a more malignant course, with a greater incidence of syncope and ventricular arrhythmias, thus acting as marker of more advanced disease. Regarding the management of patients with AF, antiarrhythmic drugs effective in preventing malignant arrhythmias in BrS such as quinidine or invasive treatment with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may be useful in AF treatment. In this review, we aim to present the current perspectives regarding the genetics, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of AF in patients with BrS.