bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Ingredients and Anti‐Arthritic Mechanisms of Ba‐Wei‐Long‐Zuan Granule Revealed by1H‐NMR‐Based Metabolomics Combined with Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Fan Gang , Li Qi , Li Hai‐Jiao , Zhang Yun‐Sen , Xu Xin‐Mei , Fang Gang , Ge Yi‐Man , Du Lei‐Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBa‐Wei‐Long‐Zuan granule (BWLZ) is a traditional herbal preparation. It has been widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action are still unclear. The present study aims to reveal the active compounds and anti‐arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ against collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) by using1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics, molecular docking and network pharmacology methods. After 30 days of administration, BWLZ could effectively improve the metabolic disorders in CIA rats. The anti‐arthritic effect of BWLZ was related to its restoration of 16 disturbed serum metabolites. Molecular docking and network analysis showed that 20 compounds present in BWLZ could act on multiple targets. Among them, coclaurine and hesperidin showed the highest hit rates for target proteins related to both metabolic regulation and RA, indicating that these two compounds might be potential active ingredients of BWLZ. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the anti‐arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ might be attributed to its network regulation of several biological processes, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, mTOR signaling pathway, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. These results provide further evidence for the anti‐arthritic properties of BWLZ and are beneficial for its quality control and clinical application. The potential targets and biological processes found in this study may provide valuable information for further studying the molecular mechanisms of BWLZ against RA. In addition, our work provides new insights for revealing the active ingredients and regulatory mechanisms of complex herbal preparations.
Effects of Amino Group Substitution on the Photophysical Properties and Stability of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent P‐Rhodamines
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Taki Masayasu , Kajiwara Keiji , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of phosphine oxide‐bridged rhodamines (P‐rhodamines) bearing various acyclic and cyclic amine moieties, including dimethyl‐ and diethylamine, azetidine, pyrrolidine and 7‐azabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane (7ABH), have been synthesized. The photophysical properties as well as chemical and photostability of these dyes have been studied in detail. Among these dyes, the 7ABH‐substituted dye shows stronger fluorescence in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, relative to the other P‐rhodamines. This dye could be applied to live‐cell imaging, wherein lysosomes were selectively stained in a pH‐independent manner. It was also found that the ring fusion of the amine moieties gives rise to remarkably redshifted spectra, with absorption and emission maxima at 770 and 820 nm, respectively, spectrally close to that of indocyanine green (ICG). Importantly, the ring‐fused P‐rhodamines showed much higher photostability than ICG, indicative of their promising utility as the NIR‐emissive dyes.
P‐Glycoprotein Inhibition Exacerbates Paclitaxel Neurotoxicity in Neurons and Patients With Cancer
Authors: Stage Tore B. , Mortensen Christina , Khalaf Sehbar , Steffensen Vivien , Hammer Helen S. , Xiong Chenling , Nielsen Flemming , Poetz Oliver , Svenningsen Åsa Fex , Rodriguez‐Antona Cristina , Kroetz Deanna L. 
Published: April 2020

Paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common and dose‐limiting adverse event. The role of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in the neuronal efflux of paclitaxel was assessed using a translational approach. SH‐SY5Y cells were differentiated to neurons and paclitaxel toxicity in the absence and presence of a P‐gp inhibitor was determined. Paclitaxel caused marked dose‐dependent toxicity in SH‐SY5Y‐derived neurons. Paclitaxel neurotoxicity was exacerbated with concomitant P‐gp inhibition by valspodar and verapamil, consistent with increased intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel. Patients with cancer treated with paclitaxel and P‐gp inhibitors had a 2.4‐fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.3) increased risk of peripheral neuropathy‐induced dose modification while a 4.7‐fold (95% CI 1.9–11.9) increased risk for patients treated with strong P‐gp inhibitors was observed, and a 7.0‐fold (95% CI 2.3–21.5) increased risk in patients treated with atorvastatin. Atorvastatin also increased neurotoxicity by paclitaxel in SH‐SY5Y‐derived neurons. Clinicians should be aware that comedication with P‐gp inhibitors may lead to increased risk of PIPN.
Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID‐19 cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , Pellegrini Carlo , Maurelli Marco , Belliato Mirko , Sciutti Fabio , Bottazzi Andrea , Sepe Paola Alessandra , Resasco Tullia , Camporotondo Rita , Bruno Raffaele , Baldanti Fausto , Paolucci Stefania , Pelenghi Stefano , Iotti Giorgio Antonio , Mojoli Francesco , Arbustini Eloisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe the first case of acute cardiac injury directly linked to myocardial localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a 69‐year‐old patient with flu‐like symptoms rapidly degenerating into respiratory distress, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with venous‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation. Cardiac function fully recovered in 5 days and ECMO was removed. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated low‐grade myocardial inflammation and viral particles in the myocardium suggesting either a viraemic phase or, alternatively, infected macrophage migration from the lung.
Detection of Soft‐Deodorized Olive Oil and Refined Vegetable Oils in Virgin Olive Oil Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Traditional Analytical Parameters
Authors: Gertz Christian , Matthäus Bertrand , Willenberg Ina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe European Parliament identifies virgin olive oil (VOO) as one of the foods which are often subject to fraudulent activities. Possibilities of adulteration are the application of illegal soft deodorization of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or the commercialization of blends of EVOO with soft‐deodorized EVOO or refined vegetable oils. Despite the search for possibilities to prove the illegal soft deodorization of EVOO or the addition of cheaper vegetable oils to EVOO, suitable methods are still missing. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop a new analytical and statistical approach addressing detection of mild deodorization or addition of refined foreign oils. For this purpose, VOOs are treated in lab‐scale for 1 h up to 28 days at different temperatures (20, 50, 60, 80,100, 110, and 170 °C) in order to simulate and study the effect of heat treatment on known analytical parameters by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). A logit regression model enabling the calculation of the probability for a heat treatment is developed. This new methodology allows detecting both soft deodorized olive oils and blends of EVOO with cheaper full refined vegetable oils. Adding only 10% of full refined oil could be detected in extra VOO.Practical Applications: NIR methods combined with chemometrics have become one of the most attractive analytical tools to control quality of food. It is a simple, precise, and rapid method. All relevant analytical parameters of oxidative and thermal fat degradation can be determined in a single run and be used to detect adulterated virgin olive oils (VOOs). The use of a simple equation developed from the logistic regression using peroxide value, K‐values, p‐anisidine value, pyropheophytine, 1,2‐diacylglycerols, total polar compounds and monomeric oxidized triacylglycerols, and other well‐known parameters allows to detect mild deodorized olive oils or also blends of VOO with soft‐deodorized ones or the addition of low amounts of foreign vegetable oils. This technique has potential to be used as a screening method for the detection of adulterated olive oils using both the traditional laboratory methods and the corresponding NIR‐methods.
Pesticide Mixtures Cause Short-Term, Reversible Effects on the Function of Autotrophic Periphyton Assemblages
Authors: Bighiu Maria Alexandra , Gottschalk Steffi , Arrhenius Åsa , Goedkoop Willem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In a laboratory experiment we investigated the effects of pesticide mixtures on the structure and function of freshwater biofilms, with focus on their photoautotrophic component. We identified 6 herbicides and 1 fungicide commonly found in Swedish streams at relatively high concentrations and created 3 ternary mixtures that were tested in concentration series ranging from observed environmental concentrations to up to 100 times higher. Biofilms were exposed to these pesticide mixtures for 8 d and then allowed to recover for another 12 d. Our results show a rapid and consistent inhibition of photosynthesis after just 24-h exposure to the highest test concentration of pesticides, as well as in some treatments with lower concentrations (i.e., 10 times the environmental level), on exposure. Interestingly, the observed effects were reversible because biofilm photosynthesis recovered rapidly and completely in clean media in all but one treatment. In contrast to the functional response, no effects were observed on the algal assemblage structure, as assessed by diagnostic pigments. We conclude that the pesticide mixtures induce a rapid but reversible inhibition of photosynthesis, without short-term effects on biofilm structure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1367–1374. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Thyroid cancer histological subtypes based on tumor size: National perspective
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Foggia Megan J. , Pagedar Nitin , Lee Grace S. , Tufano Ralph , Kandil Emad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroid tumor size is an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study is to examine the histological subtypes and management of thyroid cancer based on tumor size (≤4 cm vs >4 cm).MethodsRetrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004‐2014.ResultsA total of 152 387 patients were included, 13 614 (8.9%) of whom had a tumor size >4 cm. Histological subtypes of tumors >4 cm were: 69.6% papillary thyroid carcinoma, 17.5% FTC, 7.9% HCC, and 2.8% medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). High‐volume hospitals for thyroid surgery were less likely to perform two‐stage thyroidectomy, particularly for tumors ≤4 cm. Low‐volume hospitals had a higher risk of staged thyroidectomy for MTC ≤4 cm (19.8%) compared with high‐volume hospitals (8.7%) (P < .001).ConclusionsThis study describes the prevalence of thyroid cancer subtypes. In the era of a conservative approach to differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there could be a potential increase in the risk of staged thyroidectomy.
Hippocampal‐striatal functional connectivity supports processing of temporal expectations from associative memory
Authors: van de Ven Vincent , Lee Chanju , Lifanov Julia , Kochs Sarah , Jansma Henk , De Weerd Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus and dorsal striatum are both associated with temporal processing, but they are thought to play distinct roles. The hippocampus has been reported to contribute to storing temporal structure of events in memory, whereas the striatum contributes to temporal motor preparation and reward anticipation. Here, we asked whether the striatum cooperates with the hippocampus in processing the temporal context of memorized visual associations. In our task, participants were trained to implicitly form temporal expectations for one of two possible time intervals associated to specific cue‐target associations, and subsequently were scanned using ultra‐high‐field 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, learned temporal expectations could be violated when the pairs were presented at either the associated or not‐associated time intervals. When temporal expectations were met during testing trials, activity in left and right hippocampal subfields and right putamen decreased, compared to when temporal expectations were not met. Further, psycho‐physiological interactions showed that functional connectivity between left hippocampal subfields and caudate decreased when temporal expectations were not met. Our results indicate that the hippocampus and striatum cooperate to process implicit temporal expectation from mnemonic associations. Our findings provide further support for a hippocampal‐striatal network in temporal associative processing.
Quantification of sediment source contributions in two paired catchments of the Brazilian Pampa using conventional and alternative fingerprinting approaches
Authors: Valente Mirian Lago , Reichert José Miguel , Legout Cédric , Tiecher Tales , Cavalcante Rosane Barbosa Lopes , Evrard Olivier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe knowledge of the contribution of sediment sources to river networks is a prerequisite to understand the impact of land use change on sediment yield. We calculated the relative contributions of sediment sources in two paired catchments, one with commercial eucalyptus plantations (0.83 km2) and the other with grassland used for livestock farming (1.10 km2), located in the Brazilian Pampa biome, using different combinations of conventional [geochemical (G), radionuclide (R) and stable isotopes and organic matter properties (S)] and alternative tracer properties [spectrocolorimetric visible‐based‐colour parameters (V)]. Potential sediment sources evaluated were stream channel, natural grassland and oat pasture fields in the grassland catchment, and stream channel, unpaved roads and eucalyptus plantation in the eucalyptus catchment. The results show that the best combination of tracers to discriminate the potential sources was using GSRV tracers in the grassland catchment, and using GSRV, GSV and GS tracers in the eucalyptus catchment. In all these cases, samples were 100% correctly classified in their respective groups. Considering the best tracers results (GSRV) in both catchments, the sediment source contributions estimated in the catchment with eucalyptus plantations was 63, 30 and 7% for stream channel, eucalyptus stands and unpaved roads, respectively. In the grassland catchment, the source contributions to sediment were 84, 14 and 2% for natural grassland, stream channel and oats pasture fields, respectively. The combination of these source apportionment results with the annual sediment loads monitored during a 3‐year period demonstrates that commercial eucalyptus plantations supplied approximately 10 times less sediment (0.1 ton ha−1 year−1) than the traditional land uses in this region, that is, 1.0 ton ha−1 year−1 from grassland and 0.3 ton ha−1 year−1 from oats pasture fields. These results demonstrate the potential of combining conventional and alternative approaches to trace sediment sources originating from different land uses in this region. Furthermore, they show that well‐managed forest plantations may be less sensitive to erosion than grassland used for intensive livestock farming, which should be taken into account to promote the sustainable use of land in this region of South America.
ROS accumulation contributes to abamectin‐induced apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM3 Leydig cells
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Zhou Jing , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhonglou , Zhu Qiqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbamectin (ABA) as one of the worldwide used compounds in agriculture has raised safety concerns on nontarget organism toxicity. However, the study of male reproductive system damage caused by ABA remains unclear. Our aim is to investigate the effect of ABA‐induced cytotoxicity in TM3 Leydig cells and their underlying mechanisms. ABA inhibits TM3 cell viability and proliferation via cell cycle arrested in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, ABA‐induced mitochondrial depolarization leads to an imbalance in Bcl‐2 family expression, causing caspase‐dependent apoptosis in TM3 cells. The increased ratio of cells expression LC3 protein and LC3‐II to LC3‐I indicated the activation of autophagy potentially. Further experiments revealed ABA treatment reduced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. Pretreatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the ABA‐mediated effects on cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with a PI3K/AKT agonist, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, reversed the effects of ABA. ABA caused the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increased intensity of the ROS indicator. However, N‐acetylcysteine as ROS scavengers inhibited ABA‐induced apoptosis and autophagy and reversed these ABA‐mediated effects on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. On the basis of the above results, it is suggested that ABA exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy in TM3 cells by ROS accumulation to mediate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway suppression.
Compound heterozygous variants of the FBXO7 gene resulting in infantile‐onset Parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome in siblings of a Chinese family
Authors: Jin Xiaohua , An Lisha , Hao Shengju , Liu Qian , Zhang Qinhua , Wang Xing , Feng Xuan , Zhang Chuan , Cao Xiaofang , Yan Yousheng , Ma Xu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the FBXO7 gene can cause a rare chromosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, Parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome (PPS). Patients with this syndrome mainly show early‐onset Parkinson's syndrome. Here, we present a Chinese family with infantile‐onset PPS caused by FBXO7 mutations.MethodsThe clinical phenotypes and medical records of the proband and his family members were collected. The proband, his sibling, and his parents underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES) by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsThe proband and his sibling had a typical PPS phenotype with onset during infancy. WES identified compound heterozygous variants in the FBXO7 gene, including a nonsense mutation, p. Trp134*, and a splicing mutation, IVS5‐1G > A, which were shared by both siblings and inherited from each of the parents. These variants have not been reported in literatures or databases. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, the p. Trp134* and IVS5‐1G > A mutations were classified as pathogenic variants.ConclusionsWe report a case of siblings in a Chinese family with infantile‐onset PPS caused by FBXO7 gene mutations determined by WES. These findings will contribute to the in‐depth study of the pathogenesis of PPS among patients with FBXO7 gene mutations.
Evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles
Authors: Pu Tao , Ding Chen , Li Yadong , Liu Xiaojuan , Li Haiwei , Duan Jinmei , Zhang Heng , Bi Yanwei , Cun Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [BSL‐2]), a lentiviral‐based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2. This study indicated that SARS‐CoV‐2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL‐2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines.
Arid–humid variations in the summer climate and their influence mechanism in Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China during 1960–2010: A case study in the Alashan Plateau
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Wei Minghua , Zhou Jinyan , Tian Xiaolei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China, the impact factors for variations in the aridity and humidity of the summer climate are complex and unclear. In this study, we selected the Alashan Plateau, located in the mid‐latitude arid zone and the Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China, as the study area. Changes in the aridity indexK(a proxy for the arid–humid variations in the summer climate of the Alashan Plateau) were calculated for the period 1960–2010 using meteorological data. Relationships among the aridity indexK, changes in the intensity of atmospheric circulations, and local precipitation and evaporation in summer are discussed. The results indicated that the arid–humid variations in the summer climate in different regions of Alashan Plateau exhibit significant spatial differences. The summer climate became more humid during 1960–1968 and 1988–1995 and arid in 1996–2010 with different trends, but exhibited asynchronous changes during other periods. Hence, the arid–humid variations in the summer climate exhibited significant spatial differences in the Alashan Plateau. These variations were mainly affected by East Asian summer monsoon in the eastern Alashan Plateau, local precipitation and evaporation in the central and northwestern Alashan Plateau, and atmospheric circulations and evaporation in the southwestern Alashan Plateau. The increase in the monsoon precipitation is not the only factor that affected arid–humid variations in the summer climate over the entire Alashan Plateau, therefore, other non‐circulation factors, such as local precipitation and evaporation, should also be considered. The study provides new evidence on how to understand the mechanisms driving global and regional climate change.
Holocene variability in climate and oceanic conditions in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa—inferred from a high resolution diatom record from Verlorenvlei
Authors: Kirsten Kelly L. , Kasper Thomas , Cawthra Hayley C. , Strobel Paul , Quick Lynne J. , Meadows Michael E. , Haberzettl Torsten 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe present a diatom record from a well‐dated 15.25 m composite sedimentary core from Verlorenvlei, a shallow coastal lake on the west coast of South Africa. We show that fluctuations in the diatom record occur in response to changes in sea level, ocean–atmosphere interactions and latitudinal shifts in the wind belts. During the early to mid‐Holocene, the system primarily responds to sea level changes. A marine community that favours high nutrients is evident, particularly during 9200–8000, 7420–7000 and 6200–5600 cal a bp, corroborating periods of Benguela upwelling linked to fluctuations in the southeast trade winds. Increases in bioproductivity (%TOC, C/N) and fresher‐water diatoms are associated with wetter conditions over the region and the northward migration of the southern westerly wind belt, most notably between 8000 and 7500 cal a bp and over the last 700 years. The latter trends are concomitant with changes in the extent of Antarctic sea ice and availability of moisture in southern South America. During the late Holocene, as sea levels stabilised to modern levels, climate variability is more strongly evident. The body of evidence further reveals the sensitivity of the region to high‐latitude atmospheric mechanisms, but also showcases the significance of the southeast trade winds.