bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Zhao Mei , Liu Min , Chen Wei , Zhang Haiping , Bai Yuxing , Ren Wen 
Published: December 2020

Background
Orthodontic treatment is widely used to treat malocclusion. However, the influence of treatment on the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary microbial changes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methods
In total, 19 orthodontic patients participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected at the following three timepoints: before (T0) and 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the placement of orthodontic appliances. High-throughput sequencing was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene V4 region.

Results
The phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were predominant. Observed Species, Chao1 and ACE, which represent α diversity, were significantly decreased at T1 and subsequently increased at T2. In addition, the β diversity at T1 based on the Bray-Curtis distances differed from T0 and T2. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus were decreased with treatment, whereas those of Capnocytophaga and Neisseria exhibited the opposite results. In total, 385 of 410 operational taxonomic units were shared at T0, T1 and T2. The co-occurrence networks with hub nodes at T1 were the most complex.

Conclusion
Orthodontic treatment temporarily affected the saliva microbial community. This dynamic alteration in species did not induce deterioration in oral health. Oral hygiene instructions were necessary and should be emphasized during each visit. Further studies with longer observation periods and more participants are required.
Atorvastatin Prescribing Pattern at a Public Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Atorvastatin is one of the frequently used Statins. If it is used inappropriately it could lead to several adverse effects, interactions and efficacy will be decreased.
Aim: This study aims to monitor the prescribing pattern of atorvastatin at a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted at a public hospital in Alkharj. The data were extracted from the electronic records of 564 patients who received antihyperlipidemic drugs.
Results: The majority of the prescribing physicians were residents. The majority of the prescriptions were prescribed by the internal medicine department. Antiplatelet agents were the most common classes of cardiovascular drugs that were combined with atorvastatin.
Conclusion: It is important to prescribe atorvastatin appropriately to increase its efficacy and to decrease its adverse drug reactions. There are several strategies to improve atorvastatin use including increase the awareness of the health-care professionals and by implementing checking practice before dispensing the prescriptions.
Impact of mind‐wandering on visual information processing while driving: An electrophysiological study
Authors: Pepin Guillaume , Fort Alexandra , Jallais Christophe , Moreau Fabien , Ndiaye Daniel , Navarro Jordan , Gabaude Catherine 
Published: December 2020

SummaryMind‐wandering (MW) has a negative impact on tasks requiring sustained and divided attention like driving. During MW, drivers experience perceptual decoupling. As driving is mainly a visual activity, it would seem to be appropriate to evaluate stages of visual information processing impaired during MW, using event‐related potential techniques. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the level of attention devoted to driving impacted visual information processing and reaction time. The findings showed reductions in visual N1 and P3 amplitudes while driving and longer reaction times during periods of self‐reported MW. This suggests that drivers can become detached from their environment by redirecting their attention to their personal thoughts and some of their cognitive resources may be consumed to feed internal trains of thought. In the future, investigating off‐task characteristics might be useful in better understanding the impact of MW in car crashes.
Graphene Oxide for Integrated Photonics and Flat Optics
Authors: Wu Jiayang , Jia Linnan , Zhang Yuning , Qu Yang , Jia Baohua , Moss David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith superior optical properties, high flexibility in engineering its material properties, and strong capability for large‐scale on‐chip integration, graphene oxide (GO) is an attractive solution for on‐chip integration of 2D materials to implement functional integrated photonic devices capable of new features. Over the past decade, integrated GO photonics, representing an innovative merging of integrated photonic devices and thin GO films, has experienced significant development, leading to a surge in many applications covering almost every field of optical sciences such as photovoltaics, optical imaging, sensing, nonlinear optics, and light emitting. This paper reviews the recent advances in this emerging field, providing an overview of the optical properties of GO as well as methods for the on‐chip integration of GO. The main achievements made in GO hybrid integrated photonic devices for diverse applications are summarized. The open challenges as well as the potential for future improvement are also discussed.
Designable Al32‐Oxo Clusters with Hydrotalcite‐like Structures: Snapshots of Boundary Hydrolysis and Optical Limiting
Authors: Liu Ya‐Jie , Li Qiao‐Hong , Li De‐Jing , Zhang Xue‐Zhen , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hydrolysis of earth‐abundant AlIIIhas implications in mineral mimicry, geochemistry and environmental chemistry. Third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are important in modern chemistry due to their extensive optical applications. The assembly of AlIIIions with π‐conjugated carboxylate ligands is carried out and the hydrolysis and NLO properties of the resultant material are studied. A series of Al32‐oxo clusters with hydrotalcite‐like cores and π‐conjugated shells are isolated. X‐ray diffraction revealed boundary hydrolysis occurs at the equatorially unsaturated coordination sites of AlIIIions. Charge distribution analysis and DFT calculations support the proposed boundary substitution. The Al32‐oxo clusters possess a significant reverse saturable absorption (RSA) response with a minimal normalized transmittance up to 29 %, indicating they are suitable candidates for optical limiting (OL) materials. This work elucidates the hydrolysis of AlIIIand provides insight into layered materials that also have strong boundary activity at the edges or corners.
Deeply Cycled Sodium Metal Anodes at Low Temperature and in Lean Electrolyte Conditions
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Matios Edward , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Chuanlong , Luo Jianmin , Li Weiyang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnabling high‐performing alkali metal anodes at low temperature and in lean electrolyte conditions is critical for the advancement of next‐generation batteries with high energy density and improved safety. We present an ether–ionic liquid composite electrolyte to tackle the problem of dendrite growth of metallic sodium anode at low temperatures ranging from 0 to −40 °C. This composite electrolyte enables a stable sodium metal anode to be deeply cycled at 2 mA cm−2 with an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 50 mAh cm−2 for 500 hours at −20 °C in lean electrolyte (1.0 μL mAh−1) conditions. Using the composite electrolyte, full cells with Na3V2(PO4)3 as cathode and sodium metal as anode present a high capacity retention of 90.7 % after 1,000 cycles at 2C at −20 °C. The sodium–carbon dioxide batteries also exhibit a reversible capacity of 1,000 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles across a range of temperatures from −20 to 25 °C.
Unkonventionelle Photokatalyse in leitfähigen Polymeren: Reversible Modulation der Leitfähigkeit von PEDOT:PSS durch langlebige Polyheptazinimid‐Radikale
Authors: Savateev Aleksandr , Markushyna Yevheniia , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ullrich Tobias , Guldi Dirk M. , Antonietti Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBei der Photokatalyse werden kleine organische Moleküle mithilfe von lichtempfindlichen Materialien, elektromagnetischer Strahlung und Elektronenvermittlern in gewünschte Produkte umgewandelt. Die Substitution von niedermolekularen Reagenzien durch redoxaktive Funktionsmaterialien kann den Nutzen der Photokatalyse über die organische Synthese und Umweltanwendungen hinaus erhöhen. Geleitet von den allgemeinen Prinzipien der Photokatalyse, entwarfen wir in der aktuellen Studie hybride Nanokomposite, die aus n‐Typ halbleitendem Kalium‐Poly(heptazinimid) (K‐PHI) und p‐Typ leitendem Poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophen) Polystyrolsulfonat (PEDOT:PSS) als redoxaktivem Substrat bestehen. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des hybriden Nanokomposits, das einen optimalen K‐PHI‐Gehalt aufweist, wird reversibel moduliert, indem eine Reihe von externen Stimuli kombiniert werden, die von sichtbarem Licht unter inerten Bedingungen bis hin zu dunklen Bedingungen unter einer O2‐Atmosphäre reichen. Die Verwendung eines leitfähigen Polymers als redoxaktives Substrat ermöglicht die Untersuchung der photokatalytischen Prozesse, die durch halbleitende Photokatalysatoren vermittelt werden, durch Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit.
S‐Adenosyl‐l‐ethionine is a Catalytically Competent Analog of S‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) in the Radical SAM Enzyme HydG
Authors: Impano Stella , Yang Hao , Shepard Eric M. , Swimley Ryan , Pagnier Adrien , Broderick William E. , Hoffman Brian M. , Broderick Joan B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzymes initiate biological radical reactions with the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl radical (5′‐dAdo.). A [4Fe‐4S]+ cluster reductively cleaves SAM to form the Ω organometallic intermediate in which the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl moiety is directly bound to the unique iron of the [4Fe‐4S] cluster, with subsequent liberation of 5′‐dAdo.. We present synthesis of the SAM analog S‐adenosyl‐l‐ethionine (SAE) and show SAE is a mechanistically equivalent SAM‐alternative for HydG, both supporting enzymatic turnover of substrate tyrosine and forming the organometallic intermediate Ω. Photolysis of SAE‐bound HydG forms an ethyl radical trapped in the active site. The ethyl radical withstands prolonged storage at 77 K and its EPR signal is only partially lost upon annealing at 100 K, making it significantly less reactive than the methyl radical formed by SAM photolysis. Upon annealing above 77 K, the ethyl radical adds to the [4Fe‐4S]2+ cluster, generating an ethyl‐[4Fe‐4S]3+ organometallic species termed ΩE.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven Shape‐Morphing of Programmable Anisotropic Hydrogels Enabled by MXene Nanosheets
Authors: Xue Pan , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Chen Yuanhao , Zeng Hao , Yang Jiajia , Yang Xiao , Lv Pengfei , Zhang Xinmu , Priimagi Arri , Wang Ling , Xu Xinhua , Li Quan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, we report near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven shape‐morphing of programmable MXene‐containing anisotropic hydrogel actuators that are fabricated through in situ free‐radical copolymerization of a judiciously designed MXene nanomonomer with thermosensitive hydrogel network. A low electric field (few V mm−1) was found to enable a spatial distribution of MXene nanosheets and hence introduce anisotropy into the hydrogel network. Programmable anisotropic hydrogel actuators were developed by controlling ITO electrode pattern, direct‐current (DC) electric field direction and mask‐assisted photopolymerization. As a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate NIR light‐driven shape morphing of the MXene‐containing anisotropic hydrogel into various shapes and devise a four‐arm soft gripper that can perform distinct photomechanical functions such as grasping, lifting/lowering down and releasing an object upon sequential NIR light exposure.
Electrochemical Polymerization Provides a Function‐Integrated System for Water Oxidation
Authors: Iwami Hikaru , Okamura Masaya , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWater oxidation is a key reaction in natural and artificial photosynthesis. In nature, the reaction is efficiently catalyzed by a metal‐complex‐based catalyst surrounded by hole‐transporting amino acid residues. However, in artificial systems, there is no example of a water oxidation system that has a catalytic center surrounded by hole transporters. Herein, we present a facile strategy to integrate catalytic centers and hole transporters in one system. Electrochemical polymerization of a metal‐complex‐based precursor afforded a polymer‐based material (Poly‐1). Poly‐1 exhibited excellent hole‐transporting ability and catalyzed water oxidation with high performance. It was also revealed that the catalytic activity was almost completely suppressed in the absence of the hole‐transporting moieties. The present study provides a novel strategy for constructing efficient molecule‐based systems for water oxidation.
Ultrasound Controlled Anti‐Inflammatory Polarization of Platelet Decorated Microglia for Targeted Ischemic Stroke Therapy
Authors: Li Yujie , Teng Xucong , Yang Chunrong , Wang Yongji , Wang Lingxiao , Dai Yicong , Sun Hua , Li Jinghong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStroke is a lethal cerebral disease with severe sequelae and high mortality. Microglia, the main immune cell in the cerebrum, possess therapeutic potential for strokes as its specific anti‐inflammatory phenotype can reduce inflammation and promote neuron regeneration. However, the on‐demand anti‐inflammatory polarization of microglia at the stroke site is uncontrollable for therapeutic application. Here, we develop a platelet hybrid microglia platform which can specifically polarize to the anti‐inflammatory phenotype by ultrasound irradiation for targeted cerebrum repair after stroke. The engineered microglia have strong adherence to the injured cerebral vessels with platelet membrane fusion and realize on‐demand anti‐inflammatory polarization with ultrasound‐responsive IL‐4 liposome decoration. The intravenously injected microglia platform showed anti‐inflammatory polarization at the stroke site with insonation, and accelerated the M2‐type polarization of endogenous microglia for long‐term stroke recovery. Satisfied prognoses were achieved with reduced apoptosis, promoted neurogenesis, and functional recovery, indicating the implications of the microglia platform for stroke therapy.
Hierarchically Porous Biocatalytic MOF Microreactor as a Versatile Platform towards Enhanced Multienzyme and Cofactor‐Dependent Biocatalysis
Authors: Liang Jieying , Gao Song , Liu Jian , Zulkifli Muhammad Y. B. , Xu Jiangtao , Scott Jason , Chen Vicki , Shi Jiafu , Rawal Aditya , Liang Kang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as excellent hosting matrices for enzyme immobilization, offering superior physical and chemical protection for biocatalytic reactions. However, for multienzyme and cofactor‐dependent biocatalysis, the subtle orchestration of enzymes and cofactors is largely disrupted upon immobilizing in the rigid crystalline MOF network, which leads to a much reduced biocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we constructed hierarchically porous MOFs by controlled structural etching to enhance multienzyme and cofactor‐dependent enzyme biocatalysis. The expanded size of the pores can provide sufficient space for accommodated enzymes to reorientate and spread within MOFs in their lower surface energy state as well as to decrease the inherent barriers to accelerate the diffusion rate of reactants and intermediates. Moreover, the developed hierarchically porous MOFs demonstrated outstanding tolerance to inhospitable surroundings and recyclability.
Bile Acid Tethered Docetaxel‐Based Nanomicelles Mitigate Tumor Progression through Epigenetic Changes
Authors: Sreekanth Vedagopuram , Kar Animesh , Kumar Sandeep , Pal Sanjay , Yadav Poonam , Sharma Yamini , Komalla Varsha , Sharma Harsh , Shyam Radhey , Sharma Ravi Datta , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Sengupta Sagar , Dasgupta Ujjaini , Bajaj Avinash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we describe the engineering of sub‐100 nm nanomicelles (DTX‐PC NMs) derived from phosphocholine derivative of docetaxel (DTX)‐conjugated lithocholic acid (DTX‐PC) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐tethered lithocholic acid. Administration of DTX‐PC NMs decelerate tumor progression and increase the mice survivability compared to Taxotere (DTX‐TS), the FDA‐approved formulation of DTX. Unlike DTX‐TS, DTX‐PC NMs do not cause any systemic toxicity and slow the decay rate of plasma DTX concentration in rodents and non‐rodent species including non‐human primates. We further demonstrate that DTX‐PC NMs target demethylation of CpG islands of Sparcl1 (a tumor suppressor gene) by suppressing DNA methyltransferase activity and increase the expression of Sparcl1 that leads to tumor regression. Therefore, this unique system has the potential to improve the quality of life in cancer patients and can be translated as a next‐generation chemotherapeutic.
Isolation and Structural Determination of a Hexacoordinated Antimony(V) Dication
Authors: Sakabe Masato , Sato Soichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hexacoordinated antimony(V) dication [(ppy)3Sb]2+([1]2+; ppy=2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl), stabilized by three intramolecular donor–acceptor interactions, has been isolated as its hexachloroantimonate salt [1][SbCl6]2, prepared by the oxidative addition of chlorine to the neutral stibine [(ppy)3Sb] (1), followed by the abstraction of chloride. Air‐stable [1][SbCl6]2exhibits remarkable thermal stability and the three ppy ligands on the antimony atom are shown to be magnetically inequivalent in the1H and13C NMR spectra. A hexacoordinated,meridionaloctahedral bonding geometry has been determined for [1][SbCl6]2by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Theoretical calculations were performed to investigate why themeridionalform was generated preferentially over thefacialform. In addition, the dynamics of the ppy ligands were investigated by variable‐temperature1H NMR spectroscopy. The potential to generate dications by using a single‐electron‐transfer reagent has also been investigated. The dication [1]2+is the first [12–Sb–6]2+chemical species to have been structurally determined.
π‐Bridge Substitution in DASAs: The Subtle Equilibrium between Photochemical Improvements and Thermal Control**
Authors: Martínez‐López David , Santamaría‐Aranda Eduardo , Marazzi Marco , García‐Iriepa Cristina , Sampedro Diego 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDonor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are playing an outstanding role as innovative and versatile photoswitches. Until now, all the efforts have been spent on modifying the donor and acceptor moieties to modulate the absorption energy and improve the cyclization and reversion kinetics. However, there is a strong dependence on specific structural modifications and a lack of predictive behavior, mostly owing to the complex photoswitching mechanism. Here, by means of a combined experimental and theoretical study, the effect of chemical modification of the π‐bridge linking the donor and acceptor moieties is systematically explored, revealing the significant impact on the absorption, photocyclization, and relative stability of the open form. In particular, a position along the π‐bridge is found to be the most suited to redshift the absorption while preserving the cyclization. However, thermal back‐reaction to the initial isomer is blocked. These effects are explained in terms of an increased acceptor capability offered by the π‐bridge substituent that can be modulated. This strategy opens the path toward derivatives with infra‐red absorption and a potential anchoring point for further functionalization.
Wartungsfrei und flexibel einsetzbar
Authors: Dudkowski Lukas Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEine wichtige Aufgabe der Abwasserbehandlung ist das Entziehen von Nährstoffen um die Gewässerbelastung zu minimieren. Phosphorverbindungen wirken in Gewässern als Düngemittel und sind die Hauptursache für die Eutrophierung, dem übermäßigen Algenwachstum.
Low education is associated with poor periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuo , Tanaka Michio , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Okuguchi Fuminobu , Isotani Haruhiko , Iwamoto Masahiro , Sugimoto Hidekatsu , Nakagawa Osamu , Minabe Masato , Fuchida Shinya , Mochida Yuki , Yokoyama Hiroki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because periodontitis is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, identification of risk factors of periodontitis is valuable to control periodontitis effectively. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of education and household income with periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsParticipants were 2,436 patients (59.8% male, aged 29–93 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 27 medical clinics. Participants' medical records and information about education, household income, general health status, and health behaviors were collected. Periodontal status was assessed in a nearby dental office. Multiple linear regression analyses and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of periodontal parameters with education and household income after adjusting for age, sex, general health status, and health behaviors.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis showed that mean probing pocket depth was not significantly associated with education and household income. Ordered logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) of junior high school (reference: university) for the tertiles of the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (OR: 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.81), percentage of mobile teeth (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.24–2.03), and number of teeth present (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39–0.65), and statistically significant odds ratios of high school (reference: university) for the tertiles of the percentage of mobile teeth (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06–1.51) and number of teeth present (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.88), but not household income.ConclusionsThese results suggest that low education is one of the important predictors of poor periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to provide targeted interventions including periodontal education in junior high school.