bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Comorbidities of Dementia: Links to Caregivers' Emotional Difficulties and Gains
Authors: Polenick Courtney A. , Min Lillian , Kales Helen C. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate how eight major medical comorbidities of dementia (arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, lung disease, osteoporosis, and stroke) are associated with caregivers' perceptions of emotional caregiving difficulties and caregiving gains (ie, benefits or rewards from the care role).DESIGNNationally representative cross‐sectional surveys of community‐dwelling persons living with dementia (PLWDs) and their co‐resident family caregivers in the United States.SETTINGThe 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving.PARTICIPANTSTotal of 356 co‐resident family caregivers of community‐dwelling PLWDs.MEASUREMENTSCaregivers' sociodemographic and health characteristics, caregiving stressors, emotional caregiving difficulties, caregiving gains, and chronic health conditions of PLWDs.RESULTSCaregivers most commonly cared for a PLWD with arthritis (65.5%), followed by hypertension (64.9%), diabetes (30.1%), stroke (28.8%), osteoporosis (27.1%), heart disease (23.3%), cancer (21.5%), and lung disease (17.2%). Logistic regressions revealed that caregivers were 2.63 and 2.32 times more likely to report higher than median emotional caregiving difficulties when PLWDs had diagnoses of diabetes and osteoporosis, respectively, controlling for caregiver sex, relationship to the PLWD (spouse vs non‐spouse), educational attainment, self‐rated health, and assistance with activities of daily living and medical care activities. Caregivers were also 2.10 times more likely to report lower than median caregiving gains when PLWDs had a diagnosis of osteoporosis.CONCLUSIONComorbid health conditions among PLWDs have distinct implications for caregiving outcomes. Clinical care and interventions to improve the well‐being of both care dyad members should support caregivers in managing medical comorbidities of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:609–613, 2020
Flow Effects of Central Bank Asset Purchases on Sovereign Bond Prices: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: DE SANTIS ROBERTO A. , HOLM‐HADULLA FÉDÉRIC 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe estimate the response of sovereign bond prices to net supply shocks caused by purchase operations under the ECB's Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP). To avoid simultaneity bias in the estimated relationship between prices and purchases, we exploit a PSPP feature that renders securities temporarily ineligible for reasons unrelated to their prices. Using these purchase restrictions as an instrument to identify exogenous variation in purchase volumes, we find that PSPP causes statistically significant and economically relevant upward price impacts. The impacts are short‐lived and concentrated in securities issued by higher yield jurisdictions and characterized by higher maturity and lower liquidity.
Phospholipases in neuronal function: A role in learning and memory?
Authors: Joensuu Merja , Wallis Tristan P. , Saber Saber H. , Meunier Frédéric A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid‐modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.
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Oxytocin induced labor causes region and sex‐specific transient oligodendrocyte cell death in neonatal mouse brain
Authors: Hirayama Takashi , Hiraoka Yuichi , Kitamura Eri , Miyazaki Shinji , Horie Kengo , Fukuda Tomokazu , Hidema Shizu , Koike Masato , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru , Nishimori Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimPrevious reports showed associations between oxytocin induced labor and mental disorders in offspring. However, those reports are restricted in epidemiological analyses and its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that induced labor directly causes brain damage in newborns and results in the development of mental disorders. Therefore we aimed to investigate this hypothesis with animal model.MethodsThe animal model of induced labor was established by subcutaneous oxytocin administration to term‐pregnant C57BL/6J mice. We investigated the neonatal brain damage with evaluating immediate early gene expression (c‐Fos, c‐Jun and JunB) by quantitative polymerase reaction and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. To investigate the injured brain cell types, we performed double‐immunostaining with TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and each brain component specific protein, such as Oligo2, NeuN, GFAP and Iba1.ResultsBrain damage during induced labor led to cell death in specific brain regions, which are implicated in mental disorders, in only male offspring at P0. Furthermore, oligodendrocyte precursors were selectively vulnerable compared to the other cell types. This oligodendrocyte‐specific impairment during the perinatal period led to an increased numbers of Olig2‐positive cells at P5. Expression levels of oxytocin and Oxtr in the fetal brain were not affected by the oxytocin administered to mothers during induced labor.ConclusionOligodendrocyte cell death in specific brain regions, which was unrelated to the oxytocin itself, was caused by induced labor in only male offspring. This may be an underlying mechanism explaining the human epidemiological data suggesting an association between induced labor and mental disorders.
Implant Angulation Effect on the Fracture Resistance of Monolithic Zirconia Custom Abutments: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Katsavochristou Anastasia , Sierraalta Marianella , Saglik Berna , Koumoulis Dimitrios , George Furat , Razzoog Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the fracture resistance and performance of zirconia when employed for the fabrication of implant abutments with different angulations, simulating anterior maxillary oral rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsForty‐five monolithic zirconia custom abutments of internal conical implant connection were CAD/CAM designed and fabricated. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15/group) according to implant‐to‐abutment angulation. The angulations used were; 0°, 15°, and 25°. The abutments were loaded until failure at 135° using the Universal Testing Machine (Instron, Canton, MA). Collected data were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) load at fracture of the zirconia abutments for the three groups were 962.37 ± 93.81 N (Gr15) > 718.25 ± 93.71 N (Gr25) > 534.05 ±133.77 N (Gr0). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was found between all groups; Gr0 vs. Gr15, Gr0 vs. Gr25, Gr15 vs. Gr25.ConclusionsContrary to expectations, the non‐angulated monolithic zirconia abutments presented the lowest fracture resistance values. Angulating the abutments 15 or 25 degrees, following the palatal resorption pattern of the premaxilla, significantly increased the in vitro fracture resistance.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected microbial populations of weaned piglets
Authors: Chen Jiashun , Long Lina , Jiang Qian , Kang Baoju , Li Yinghui , Yin Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are a complex mixture of highly branched and partially characterised polysaccharides and proteoglycans extracted from the goji berry. This mixture has great potential as a novel feed supplement for pigs. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with LBPs on the growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected intestinal microbial populations in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of 400 weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.34 ± 0.16 kg (21 days of age) were divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs (supplemented at the expense of corn). Supplementation with 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs for 2 weeks significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the pigs compared with the control group (p < .05). In trial 2, thirty‐two 21‐days‐old weaned piglets (BW: 6.33 ± 0.11 kg) were allotted to a control group (fed with a basal diet) or an experimental group (basal diet containing 4,000 mg/kg LBPs). The experiment lasted for 14 days. Pigs fed LBP diets exhibited an increased ADG and ADFI, and a decreased diarrhoeal incidence compared with those fed the basal diets (p < .05). Supplementation with LBPs increased the serum IgG and IgM levels (p < .05). Dietary LBPs effectively promoted antioxidant defence properties through enhancing the activities of serum, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), in addition to decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < .05). The addition of LBPs increased the amounts of Bacteroidetes in the ileum and caecum and the caecal contents of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < .05), while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli and Firmicutes in the ileum and caecum (p < .05) compared with the control group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with LBPs can enhance growth performance, immune status and antioxidant capacity, and improve the intestinal microbial populations of weaned piglets.
Effect of proinflammatory diet before pregnancy on gestational age and birthweight: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Ishibashi Makiho , Kyozuka Hyo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Masahito Kuse , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Hashimoto Koichi ,   and the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe daily diet plays a role in systematic inflammation and may be one of the causes of preterm birth. We aimed to examine the effect of a daily proinflammatory diet before pregnancy on gestational age and birthweight using a large birth cohort in Japan. We used data of singleton pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children's Study involving live birth from 2011 to 2014 to calculate the dietary inflammatory index. We used individual meals with 30 food parameters from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, which assessed diet intake before pregnancy. Participants were categorized according to the quartile of dietary inflammatory index. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of a proinflammatory diet on preterm birth (PTB) before 37 or 34 weeks and low birthweight (LBW) less than 2,500 or 1,500 g, accounting for maternal age, body mass index before pregnancy, smoking status, education, and household income. After applying our inclusion criteria, 89,329 participants were eligible for the present study. Multiple regression analysis showed that the proinflammatory diet had an increased risk of PTB < 34 weeks (adjusted odds ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [1.07, 1.55]) and <2,500‐g LBW (adjusted odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.16]) compared with the control. In conclusion, a proinflammatory diet before pregnancy was a risk factor for PTB < 34 weeks and LBW < 2,500 g. Therefore, proinflammatory diet needs to be controlled to improve perinatal prognosis.
Enigmatic hook‐like structures in Cretaceous ammonites (Scaphitidae)
Authors: Kruta Isabelle , Bardin Jérémie , Smith Christopher P. A. , Tafforeau Paul , Landman Neil H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the last few decades, hook‐like structures have been reported in the Mesozoic ammonite family Scaphitidae. Despite their exceptional preservation and debates about their function, no detailed reconstruction has been available until now. For the first time, we describe the composition and details of the morphology of these structures found in the body chambers of six specimens of the Campanian ammonite Rhaeboceras halli (Meek & Hayden) using high resolution x‐ray imaging. The hook‐like structures are composed of a thin layer of brushite. The base of each hook is open on one side forming an internal cavity, now filled with sediment. The tips of the hooks end in one or two cusps or, rarely, exhibit a blunt end. We used geometric morphometrics to capture the morphological disparity of the bicuspidate morphotypes comprising 98% of the hooks. Principal component analysis revealed chirality among the hooks and a cluster analysis recognized five morphologies. Contrary to the previous interpretation of these structures, we conclude that they are not radular teeth. They are much larger and more variable in size and shape than any known ammonite radulae and completely out of proportion with respect to the size of the jaw. The chirality, the hook‐like shape, and the absence of a size relationship between the hooks and the body chambers in which they occur, lead us to propose that these hooks could represent elements of the brachial crown related to copulatory behaviour. If so, these would be the first reported remnants of brachial crowns in ammonites.
Genome‐wide association study of differences in 14 agronomic traits under low‐ and high‐density planting models based on the 660k SNP array for common wheat
Authors: Chen Shulin , Cheng Xiyong , Yu Kang , Chang Xiangnan , Bi Huihui , Xu Haixia , Wang Junsen , Pei Xingxu , Zhang Ziliang , Zhan Kehui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne hundred and ninety‐seven wheat accessions from Yellow and Huai Winter Wheat Region (YHW) were evaluated for differences of 14 agronomic traits under low‐ and high‐density plantings. Compared with the high‐density plantings, plant height, neck length, uppermost internode length, flag leaf angle and number of sterile spikelets under the low‐density plantings reduced, while heading date, flowering date, flag leaf length and width, spike length, number of fertile spikelets, grain number per spike, thousand‐kernel weight and grain weight per spike increased. A total of 1,118 markers were detected based on GWAS, and seven QTLs were confirmed. One QTL on chromosomes 5BL and two other QTLs on 5Dl were all tightly associated with flowering date difference. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that two haploblocks in 5Dl were involved, and the Vrn‐D1 locus was located in this interval. A region on chromosome 5B at around 531.5 Mb was significantly associated with plant height difference. Two QTLs including AX‐94840438 (7BL) and AX‐94563647 (7DS) were responsible for neck length or uppermost internode length difference.
Several stably expressed QTL for spike density of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) in multiple environments
Authors: Liu Hang , Ma Jian , Tu Yang , Zhu Jing , Ding Puyang , Liu Jiajun , Li Ting , Zou Yaya , Habib Ahsan , Mu Yang , Tang Huaping , Jiang Qiantao , Liu Yaxi , Chen Guoyue , Zheng Youliang , Wei Yuming , Lan Xiujin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpike density (SD), an important spike morphological trait associated with wheat yield, is the spikelet number per spike (SNS) divided by spike length (SL). In this study, phenotypic data from eight environments were collected and a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) constructed by the wheat line 20828 and the cultivar 'Chuannong16' and a Wheat55K SNP array‐based constructed genetic linkage map were used to identify SD quantitative trait locus (QTL). Correlation between SD and other agronomic traits was calculated. Genes associated with plant growth and development for major loci were predicted. The results showed that 24 QTLs associated with SD were detected in eight environments. Among them, three major QTL, namely QSd.sicau‐5B.2, QSd.sicau‐2D.3 and QSd.sicau‐4B.1, explained up to 35.62%, 14.21% and 11.23% of phenotypic variation, respectively. The positive alleles of them were all derived from 'Chuannong16'. The significant relationships between SD and other agronomic traits were detected and discussed. Taken together, the stably expressed SD QTL under different environments identified in this study provided theoretical guidance for further fine mapping and germplasm improvement.
Quickie well done: no evidence of physiological costs in the development race ofLucilia sericatanecrophagous larvae
Authors: Komo Larissa , Hedouin Valéry , Charabidze Damien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study focuses on trade‐offs between the development rates and their life‐history traits of feeding larvae. Indeed, quick growth is considered to be vital for necrophagous insects such as larvae because they are part of a rapidly changing ecosystem and at the mercy of many predators. However, excessively quick growth can have a negative effect on other life‐history traits (e.g. survivorship and body size). The blowflyLucilia sericata(Diptera: Calliphoridae) is used in the present study because this species is frequently found on carcasses in Central Europe and is a well‐known experimental model in insect physiology and ecology. Individuals are reared from first instars to adults at two different constant temperatures (i.e. 15 and 28 °C) and under three different conditions: 100 Lucilia sericata(i.e. small monospecific condition), 250 L. sericata(i.e. large monospecific) or 125 L. sericata + 125Calliphora vicina(i.e. heterospecific). The development time, pupal and larval survival rate and pupal size are determined individually under each condition. Regarding size and development time, substantial variation is observed between the different growth conditions and within a larval group under the same conditions. However, no trade‐offs between development rate and size or survival are detected. These results demonstrate that, under the range of developmental conditions tested in the present study, the quick development ofL. sericatalarvae does not affect their size or mortality. This developmental plasticity may explain the evolutionary success of this species, which is present in several ecosystems worldwide and dominates the fresh‐carrion ecosystem.
CIDE family proteins control lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic diseases
Authors: Chen Feng‐Jung , Yin Yesheng , Chua Boon Tin , Li Peng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDysregulation of lipid homeostasis leads to the development of metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles vital in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis by coordinating lipid synthesis, lipid storage, lipid secretion and lipolysis. Under fed condition, free fatty acids (FFAs) are remodeled and esterified into neutral lipids by lipogenesis and stored in the LDs. The lipid storage capacity of LDs is controlled by its growth via local lipid synthesis or by LD fusion. During fasting, neutral lipids are hydrolyzed by lipolysis, released as FFAs and secreted to meet energy demand. Cell death‐inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha (DFFA)‐like effector (CIDE) family proteins composed of Cidea, Cideb and Cidec/Fsp27 are ER‐ and LD‐associated proteins and have emerged as important regulators of lipid homeostasis. Notably, when localized on the LDs, CIDE proteins enrich at the LD‐LD contact sites (LDCSs) and control LD fusion and growth. Here, we summarize these recent advances made on the role of CIDE proteins in the regulation of lipid metabolism with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying CIDE‐mediated LD fusion and growth.
Comparison of outcomes in cataractous eyes of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification versus eyes not undergoing surgery
Authors: Krishnan Harathi , Hetzel Scott , McLellan Gillian J. , Bentley Ellison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare outcomes of surgical intervention and nonsurgical management of canine cataracts.MethodsRecords of patients examined for cataracts from January 2007 to February 2018 were divided into two groups: nonsurgical and surgical. The nonsurgical group was further subdivided based on whether the decision not to pursue surgery was elected by owners, or based on ophthalmologist's advice. Inclusion criteria included 6 months of follow‐up. Success in the nonsurgical group was defined as a comfortable eye with no potentially painful complications, and success in the surgical group additionally required vision. Time‐to‐failure (complications) was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 72 eyes (41 dogs) were included in the nonsurgical group, and 126 eyes (67 dogs) were surgically treated. There was no difference in gender or age; however, the surgical group had significantly more diabetic eyes (56.3% vs 15.3%; P < .001) and patient eyes with longer follow‐up times (median 37.6 months vs 22.1 months; P < .001) than the nonsurgical group. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the nonsurgical group (15/72 [20.8%]) and the surgical group (23/126 [18.3%]; HR: 2.22 [0.97, 5.0]; P = .060). However, the complication rate in the ophthalmologist‐led nonsurgical group was significantly greater than in the owner‐led nonsurgical group (P = .019) and the surgical group (P = .002).ConclusionsWhen using relevant outcomes, whether or not a cataractous eye has surgery does not affect long‐term complications; additionally, nonsurgical eyes that are poor surgical candidates have a higher complication rate than eyes deemed suitable for phacoemulsification for which owners elected not to pursue cataract surgery.