bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation performance of cationic polyelectrolyte/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared under LED irradiation
Authors: Mardani Atefeh , Mohamadnia Zahra , Kazemi Foad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of acrylic‐based cationic polyelectrolyte nanocomposites including water‐soluble monomers acrylamide (AAm) and 2‐acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DAC) with different mole percent of DAC (30, 40, and 45%) in feed were produced using TiO2 nanoparticles (0.018, 0.037, and 0.11 wt%) as photoinitiator in the aqueous solution of monomers and named as p(ADT)1–9. The LED light at 365 nm was used for photocatalysis activation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Structure and morphology of the synthetic polyelectrolyte were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, TGA, FESEM‐EDX, and TEM. The other properties of synthetic polyelectrolyte such as molecular weight, viscosity, charge density, AAm/DAC molar ratio in copolymers, reactivity ratio values for the AAm and DAC monomers, and polymerization degree were measured. Furthermore, coagulation performance of these polyelectrolytes was investigated in soil suspension (1,000 ml, initial turbidity = 1,715 NTU). The prepared nanocomposites enhanced the coagulation of soil suspension up to 99.5% in low dosages. The best turbidity removal efficiencies (TRE) between 99.5–99.77% were achieved by p(ADT)3 conatining 30% DAC and 0.11 wt% TiO2. Decreasing the temperature from room temperature to 0°C led to an increase in TRE from 98 to 99.8%. Also, increasing the pH from 4 to 12 led to a decrease in TRE from 99.86 to 94%.
Research of polylactide porous hollow nanofiber membrane with high selective absorption characteristics
Authors: Ryu Yeon Sung , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA porous hollow fiber membrane using polylactide (PLA), a representative bio‐derived polymer, was successfully fabricated. The use of high surface area fabrics can effectively absorb liquids, making it possible to impart selective absorbency to fabrics made of hydrophobic PLA. In this study, a porous PLA fabric was developed by applying the porosity of the fiber surface depending on the solvent, and the change was confirmed by morphological image analysis. To increase the total surface area effectively, hollow fibers were fabricated with coaxial electrospinning to maintain the pores of the surface while having a hollow space, and the changed oil absorption based on the fiber structure was measured. To enhance the selective absorption of the fabric to the oil, a coating process using nanoparticle was added. Dodecyltrichlorosilane‐treated silica became superhydrophobic by attaching special functional groups to the surface of the particles. The treated silica was coated on the surface of the fabric to provide the functionality. To confirm the selective absorbency of the coated fabric, changes in oil and water absorption were analyzed, and the performance of the fabric was demonstrated. The fabricated PLA porous hollow fiber membranes are expected to replace existing products in the fields of tissue engineering, biofilters, and environment‐friendly fabrics.
Untersuchung der Langzeitstabilität von Silica basiertem hydrophobem Superisolationsmaterial in Bauanwendungen
Authors: Gärtner Gabriele , Menzel Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUm die Marktanforderung nach immer besserer Dämmleistung der Gebäudehülle zu erfüllen, wurden hocheffiziente Dämmmaterialien, auch bekannt unter dem Namen Superisolationsmaterial (Super Insulation Materials), entwickelt. Das sind Materialien mit einer bis zu 10‐mal geringeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit von herkömmlichen Dämmstoffen. Allerdings sind diese Materialien teuer und ihre Lebensdauer bei wechselnden hygrothermischen Einflüssen noch nicht hinreichend untersucht, was bereits im internationalen Forschungsprojekt Annex 65 der Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA) beschrieben wurde.Der Hydrophobierungsprozess an synthetischem amorphen Siliziumdioxid SAS ist jedoch seit Langem bekannt und wird zur Hydrophobierung von Pulvern in verschiedenen Industrieanwendungen eingesetzt. Deshalb war der erste Schritt in der vorliegenden Studie die Langzeitstabilität von hydrophoben Pulvern zu evaluieren, um dann die Langzeitstabilität entsprechend hydrophobierter Formkörper zu untersuchen und zu bewerten.
Kondensationsrisikobewertung in der Planung von Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen
Authors: Junghanns Mike , Rehner Christian , Schmid Fabian , Teich Martien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDer Feuchteschutz bei Bauwerken und von Konstruktionen ist essentiell, da nicht nur langfristig Schäden an der Konstruktion ausgeschlossen, sondern auch nutzungsgerechte Raumbedingungen erreicht werden sollen. Die Folgen eines unzureichenden Feuchteschutzes würden die funktionale oder ästhetische Qualität des Bauwerks negativ beeinflussen.Bei Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen liegt der Fokus des Feuchteschutzes zunächst auf einem korrekt ausgeführten Korrosionsschutz der Stahlbauteile, da sie das primäre und oft auch das sekundäre Tragwerk bilden. Die Einfassung der Glaselemente wird üblicherweise durch eloxierte oder beschichtete Aluminium‐Profil‐Systeme erreicht, die hinsichtlich des Korrosionsschutzes unproblematisch sind. Die Beachtung einer korrekten thermischen Trennung, das Fügen von Bauteilen und die fertigungstechnische Qualität entscheiden bei solchen Metallbaukonstruktionen über eine fachgerechte und einwandfreie Ausführung. Das ist wichtig, da bei derartigen Konstruktionen die Kondensation und Tauwasserbildung in der Konstruktion oder an Bauteiloberflächen negative Auswirkungen, wie Wasserablagerungen am Glas oder Tropfenbildung hat und in der Folge andere Gewerke schädigen kann.Die Einschätzung, inwieweit ein solches Risiko besteht, wird im Planungsprozess typischerweise durch Berechnungen vorgenommen. Bei einer beispielhaften Gitternetzschalenkonstruktion für ein nordamerikanisches Projekt wurden ergänzende messtechnische Untersuchungen an Großmustern, sogenannten Mock‐ups, durchgeführt, um unter anderem eine bessere Einschätzung zum Kondensationsverhalten zu erhalten.Der vorliegende Artikel vergleicht die thermischen Berechnungen an kritischen Details mit den entsprechenden messtechnischen Untersuchungen und zeigt Gründe für Unterschiede und Aussagegenauigkeiten auf. Ergänzend sind relevante Normen und Richtlinien zur Kondensatrisikobewertung für Europa und Nordamerika zusammengefasst und der messtechnische Aufbau dargestellt.
Energiebedarf versus Energieverbrauch unter Einbeziehung von Langzeitmessungen zum Temperaturverlauf
Authors: Ackermann Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWie der Vergleich des Energiebedarfs mit dem Energieverbrauch von sieben exemplarisch ausgewählten Wohngebäuden zeigt, liegen die Werte beim Bedarf in der Regel über den Angaben für den Verbrauch. Dies ist nicht nur auf den anzusetzenden Bezug – Bedarf oder Verbrauch – zurückzuführen, sondern bei Bedarfsberechnungen kommt erschwerend hinzu, dass der Ansatz von DIN V 18599 immer schlechtere Ergebnisse liefert als der Bezug auf DIN V 4108‐6 in Verbindung mit DIN V 4701‐10. Außerdem zeigt eine Analyse von Langzeitmessungen der Raum‐ und Außenlufttemperaturen an 33 Standorten in der Bundesrepublik, dass die wirklichen, zeitlich veränderlichen Temperaturläufe in Gebäuden deutlich von den standardisierten, zeitlich konstanten Werten nach Norm abweichen.
Effects of annealing time on structure and properties of sweet potato starch
Authors: Hu Aijun , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Lu , Xu Tingting , Zheng Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSweet potato starch is an important industrial raw material, but it is not applied widely because of its disadvantages including high regeneration rate and poor paste stability. In this study, the starches were incubated at 50°C for 1, 3 and 5 days, their structure and properties were determined, and annealing (ANN) time effects on sweet potato starch were investigated.FindingsX‐ray diffraction revealed that both native and annealed sweet potato starches had the A‐type crystalline pattern. After ANN for 3 days or less, the relative crystallinity, short‐range order and enthalpy of starch decreased slightly due to partial gelatinization, however long ANN for 5 days resulted in their increase. ANN increased the pasting temperature (To, Tp, Tc), narrowed the gelatinization temperature range (Tc‐To), and promoted an increasingly significant reduction in peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback with the increase in ANN time. Also, ANN increased the cumulative particle size of sweet potato starch granule.Conclusion5 days' ANN treatment had the greatest effect on the starch, while short‐time ANN for 1 day and 3 days had only the little effect. Right ANN time could obviously improve the starch structure and properties, like good thermal stability and weak retrogradation.Significance and noveltyThis study provides valuable conclusions from the ANN time level, confirms that long‐time ANN is very necessary, and creatively proved by the short‐range order and cumulative particle size.
Cavitary lesions emerged rapidly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
Authors: Kawakami Naoki , Ohara Shin , Namkoong Ho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa should be highly considered as a causative pathogen, when patients deteriorate rapidly despite community‐acquired pathogen, and the radiological findings display a rapid emergence of cavitary lung lesions especially among patients at high risk of P aeruginosa pneumonia.
Surface Engineering of Porphyrin Coordination on a Carbon Nanotube for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Lidong , Zhang Zhaosheng , Li Meng , Li Qiuhan , Wang Bo , Wang Shuwen , Zhou Huang , Mao Boyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFunctionalised porphyrins have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to coordinate with numerous metal ions. We design and synthesize a novel composite system based on functionalised Pt(II)‐porphyrin and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Rather than qualitatively integrating porphyrin with carbon nanotubes, the optimized Pt(II)‐porphyrin loading and precisely morphology control could be fine‐tuned and quantitatively premeditated by using fluorescence and UV‐vis titration based on the unique π–π interactions behaviour of the porphyrin for the first time. The as‐prepared composites exhibit superior HER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 35 mV for an electrocatalytic current density of j=−10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 32.3 mV dec−1. Moreover, such catalysts do not exhibit observable activity decay after a 1000‐cycle stability test, thus demonstrating their excellent durability. To further reduce Pt loading to achieve cost efficiency, we develop a Pt−Co bimetallic HER catalyst with an ultra‐low platinum content through a straightforward synthesis pathway with high catalytic activity and stability. This study provides a new approach for preparing a highly active and stable HER catalyst, which could potentially be extended to other reactions to improve the utilization efficiency of precious metal catalysts.
Endohedral Plumbaspherenes of the Group 9 Metals: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of the [M@Pb12]3− (M=Co, Rh, Ir) Ions
Authors: Li Ai‐Min , Wang Yi , Downing Domonique O. , Chen Fu , Zavalij Peter , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Eichhorn Bryan W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe icosahedral [M@Pb12]3− (M=Co(1), Rh(2), Ir(3)) cluster ions were prepared from K4Pb9 and Co(dppe)Cl2 (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)/[Rh(PPh3)3Cl]/[Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), respectively, in the presence of 18‐crown‐6/ 2,2,2‐cryptand in ethylenediamine/toluene solvent mixtures. The [K(2,2,2‐cryptand)]+ salt of 1 and the [K(18‐crown‐6)]+ salt of 3 were characterized via X‐ray crystallography; the ions 1 and 3 are isostructural and isoelectronic to the [Rh@Pb12]3− (2) ion as well as to the group 10 clusters [M′@Pb12]2− (M′=Ni, Pd, Pt). The ions are all 26‐electron clusters with near perfect icosahedral Ih point symmetry. Clusters 1–3 show record downfield 207Pb NMR chemical shifts due to σ‐aromaticity of the cluster framework. Calculated and observed 207Pb NMR chemical shifts and 207Pb–xM J‐couplings (xM=59Co, 103Rh, 193Ir) are in excellent agreement and DFT analysis shows that the variations of 207Pb NMR chemical shifts for the [M@Pb12]2, 3− ions (M=Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt) are mainly governed by the perpendicularly oriented σ11 component of the chemical shift anisotropy tensor. The laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (LDI‐TOF) mass spectra contain the molecular ions as well as several new gas phase clusters derived from the parents. The DFT‐minimized structures of these ions are described.
Smart Protein‐Based Formulation of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Toward Oral Delivery of Insulin
Authors: Juère Estelle , Caillard Romain , Marko Doris , Del Favero Giorgia , Kleitz Freddy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOral insulin administration still represents a paramount quest that almost a century of continuous research attempts did not suffice to fulfill. Before pre‐clinical development, oral insulin products have first to be optimized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, protection against proteolysis, and intestinal permeation ability. With the use of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) as an insulin host and together with a protein‐based excipient, succinylated β‐lactoglobulin (BL), pH‐responsive tablets permitted the shielding of insulin from early release/degradation in the stomach and mediated insulin permeation across the intestinal cellular membrane. Following an original in vitro cellular assay based on insulin starvation, direct cellular fluorescent visualization has evidenced how DMSNs could ensure the intestinal cellular transport of insulin.
Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model for the identification of occult lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mermod Maxime , Jourdan Eva‐Francesca , Gupta Ruta , Bongiovanni Massimo , Tolstonog Genrich , Simon Christian , Clark Jonathan , Monnier Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few recent advances in the identification of occult lymph node metastases (OLNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to develop, compare, and validate several machine learning models to predict OLNM in clinically N0 (cN0) OSCC.MethodsThe biomarkers CD31 and PROX1 were combined with relevant histological parameters and evaluated on a training cohort (n = 56) using four different state‐of‐the‐art machine learning models. Next, the optimized models were tested on an external validation cohort (n = 112) of early‐stage (T1‐2 N0) OSCC.ResultsThe random forest (RF) model gave the best overall performance (area under the curve = 0.89 [95% CI = 0.8, 0.98]) and accuracy (0.88 [95% CI = 0.8, 0.93]) while maintaining a negative predictive value >95%.ConclusionsWe provide a new clinical decision algorithm incorporating risk stratification by an RF model that could significantly improve the management of patients with early‐stage OSCC.
Fecal Microbiome Distinguishes Alcohol Consumption From Alcoholic Hepatitis But Does Not Discriminate Disease Severity
Authors: Smirnova Ekaterina , Puri Puneet , Muthiah Mark D. , Daitya Kalyani , Brown Robert , Chalasani Naga , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Shah Vijay H. , Gelow Kayla , Siddiqui Mohammed S. , Boyett Sherry , Mirshahi Faridoddin , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
The role of the intestinal microbiome in alcoholic hepatitis is not established. The aims of this study were to (1) characterize the fecal microbial ecology associated with alcoholic hepatitis, (2) relate microbiome changes to disease severity, and (3) infer the functional relevance of shifts in microbial ecology.

Approach and Results
The fecal microbiome in patients with moderate alcoholic hepatitis (MAH) or severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) was compared with healthy controls (HCs) and heavy drinking controls (HDCs). Microbial taxa were identified by 16S pyrosequencing. Functional metagenomics was performed using PICRUSt. Fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform. A total of 78 participants (HC, n = 24; HDC, n = 20; MAH, n = 10; SAH, n = 24) were studied. HDC had a distinct signature compared with HC with depletion of Bacteroidetes (46% vs. 26%; P = 0.01). Alcoholic hepatitis was associated with a distinct microbiome signature compared with HDC (area under the curve = 0.826); differential abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Rikenellaceae families were the key contributors to these differences. The beta diversity was significantly different among the groups (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] P < 0.001). SAH was associated with increased Proteobacteria (SAH 14% vs. HDC 7% and SAH vs. HC 2%, P = 0.20 and 0.01, respectively). Firmicutes abundance declined from HDC to MAH to SAH (63% vs. 53% vs. 48%, respectively; P = 0.09, HDC vs. SAH). Microbial taxa did not distinguish between MAH and SAH (PERMANOVA P = 0.785). SCFAs producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) were decreased in alcoholic hepatitis, and a similar decrease was observed in fecal SCFAs among alcoholic hepatitis patients.

Conclusions
There are distinct changes in fecal microbiome associated with the development, but not severity, of alcoholic hepatitis.
Uncal apex position varies with normal aging
Authors: Poppenk Jordan ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Human Connectome Project, and Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe uncal apex is an anatomical landmark frequently used for segmenting the hippocampus into its anterior and posterior segments, a necessary step for computing many measurements of its long axis. It functions well, as it is both local to the hippocampus and easy to identify. However, in spite of widespread use and definition in the EADC‐ADNI Harmonized Hippocampal Protocol (HarP), how the uncal apex is influenced by gross hippocampal changes during normal aging has not been established, nor has the possible impact on measures of anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and posterior hippocampus (pHPC) volume. Here I drew upon three large data sets to describe and confirm these relationships, investigating them in one large data set and replicating my findings in the two others, evaluating a total of 4,434 hippocampi. I found the uncal apex fell in an increasingly more anterior position with increasing age. This age‐related retraction of the uncus began after age 36, with the sharpest effects arising after age 60. This phenomenon exaggerates age‐related aHPC volume decreases while simultaneously underestimating age‐related pHPC volume decreases, a pattern I confirmed by juxtaposing uncal apex and MNI space‐based landmarking. A hippocampally based reference frame was also rendered unstable by age‐related shifts in the posterior extent of the hippocampus. Both the uncal apex and hippocampal reference frame should therefore be used with caution in aging research, or in research involving other demographic or disease factors known to evoke gross changes in the hippocampus. Instead, MNI coordinate‐based heuristics may be appropriate for segmenting the hippocampus in study designs involving such factors. Apex‐based segmentation is still attractive, however, in study designs where advanced age and atrophy are not used as regressors, including investigations into long‐axis effects in healthy young adults. Progress toward localizing functional divisions within the hippocampus is needed to identify best practices for the field.
Changes in the Electrical Charge Accumulation Ability of Nanoporous Activated Carbon under Ultrasonic Radiation Exposure
Authors: Bordun I. , Chabecki P. , Malovanyy M. , Pieshkov T. , Chwastek K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influence of ultrasonic radiation in the cavitation regime on the structural and electrochemical properties of activated carbon was studied. It was established, as the result of the X‐ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, that the ultrasound treatment causes substantial changes in the atomic and porous structure of the samples. The ultrasound treatment resulted in an increase of the graphitization degree of the carbon material and thus, in an increase of its density. The specific surface area and specific volume of the investigated samples decreased after the ultrasound treatment. The impedance dependencies for the supercapacitors made either from the initial and the modified carbon have been analyzed. The equivalent electrical circuits modelling the Nyquist diagrams have been constructed. De Levie impedance model, modified by series connection of parallel RC‐circuit, was used. It has been shown that ultrasonic radiation changes the Fermi level position by shifts to the energy region with high states density of delocalised electrons. This is the reason for unblocking of the Helmholtz layer capacitance due to the increase in the capacitance of the layer of the space charge region in the carbon material. It was shown that ultrasound treatment allows also controlling successfully the admixture and native defects distribution, existing on material surface and which are responsible for the surface electron states formation.
In Praise of Basic Research as a Vehicle to Practical Applications: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling to Form Carbon‐Nitrogen Bonds
Authors: Buchwald Stephen L. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo groups′ research initiated to address two very different questions on problems of basic chemical research led, after much effort on catalyst development and studies of reaction mechanism, to the discovery and development of the coupling of amines with aryl halides in a practical fashion.
Maternal postpartum depression is a risk factor for infant emotional variability at 4 months
Authors: Væver Mette Skovgaard , Pedersen Ida Egmose , Smith‐Nielsen Johanne , Tharner Anne 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMaternal postpartum depression (PPD) is a risk for disruption of mother–infant interaction. Infants of depressed mothers have been found to display less positive, more negative, and neutral affect. Other studies have found that infants of mothers with PPD inhibit both positive and negative affect. In a sample of 28 infants of mothers with PPD and 52 infants of nonclinical mothers, we examined the role of PPD diagnosis and symptoms for infants’ emotional variability, measured as facial expressions, vocal protest, and gaze using microanalysis, during a mother–infant face‐to‐face interaction. PPD symptoms and diagnosis were associated with (a) infants displaying fewer high negative, but more neutral/interest facial affect events, and (b) fewer gaze off events. PPD diagnosis, but not symptoms, was associated with less infant vocal protest. Total duration of seconds of infant facial affective displays and gaze off was not related to PPD diagnosis or symptoms, suggesting that when infants of depressed mothers display high negative facial affect or gaze off, these expressions are more sustained, indicating lower infant ability to calm down and re‐engage, interpreted as a disturbance in self‐regulation. The findings highlight the importance of not only examining durations, but also frequencies, as the latter may inform infant emotional variability.