bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining if Telehealth Can Reduce Health System Costs: Scoping Review
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L , Taylor Monica L , Comans Tracy A , Smith Anthony C , Gray Leonard C , Caffery Liam J 
Published: October 2020

Background
Telehealth represents an opportunity for Australia to harness the power of technology to redesign the way health care is delivered. The potential benefits of telehealth include increased accessibility to care, productivity gains for health providers and patients through reduced travel, potential for cost savings, and an opportunity to develop culturally appropriate services that are more sensitive to the needs of special populations. The uptake of telehealth has been hindered at times by clinician reluctance and policies that preclude metropolitan populations from accessing telehealth services.

Objective
This study aims to investigate if telehealth reduces health system costs compared with traditional service models and to identify the scenarios in which cost savings can be realized.

Methods
A scoping review was undertaken to meet the study aims. Initially, literature searches were conducted using broad terms for telehealth and economics to identify economic evaluation literature in telehealth. The investigators then conducted an expert focus group to identify domains where telehealth could reduce health system costs, followed by targeted literature searches for corresponding evidence.

Results
The cost analyses reviewed provided evidence that telehealth reduced costs when health system–funded travel was prevented and when telehealth mitigated the need for expensive procedural or specialist follow-up by providing competent care in a more efficient way. The expert focus group identified 4 areas of potential savings from telehealth: productivity gains, reductions in secondary care, alternate funding models, and telementoring. Telehealth demonstrated great potential for productivity gains arising from health system redesign; however, under the Australian activity-based funding, it is unlikely that these gains will result in cost savings. Secondary care use mitigation is an area of promise for telehealth; however, many studies have not demonstrated overall cost savings due to the cost of administering and monitoring telehealth systems. Alternate funding models from telehealth systems have the potential to save the health system money in situations where the consumers pay out of pocket to receive services. Telementoring has had minimal economic evaluation; however, in the long term it is likely to result in inadvertent cost savings through the upskilling of generalist and allied health clinicians.

Conclusions
Health services considering implementing telehealth should be motivated by benefits other than cost reduction. The available evidence has indicated that although telehealth provides overwhelmingly positive patient benefits and increases productivity for many services, current evidence suggests that it does not routinely reduce the cost of care delivery for the health system.
Los documentos como campo. Reflexiones teóricas-metodológicas sobre un informe etnográfico sobre los archivos y los documentos estatales
Authors: Muzzopappa Eva , Villalta Carla 
Published: October 2020

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre las aproximaciones utilizadas en nuestras respectivas investigaciones, sobre las lógicas de funcionamiento de instituciones estatales diversas. En ambas, distintos tipos de documentos devinieron en una pieza central en la composición del campo. A partir de la descripción de los obstáculos y de las precauciones adoptadas para su análisis, nuestro objetivo es dar cuenta de las formas en que los(as) antropólogos(as) abordamos fuentes escritas producidas y archivadas por instituciones del Estado, que portan por ello la fuerza de lo estatal (Bourdieu, 1996). Consideramos que esos documentos deben ser construidos como un campo de indagación en sí mismo.
Characteristics of measles immunity in students of the pediatric faculty of a medical university
Authors: Ivanov D. O. , Timchenko V. N. , Pavlova E. B. , Barakina E. V. , Chernova T. M. , Pavlova N. V. , Bulina O. V. , Nazarova A. N. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: to evaluate the intensity of measles immunity in students of I–VI courses of the pediatric faculty of St. Petersburg State Medical University.Materials and methods: titers of antibodies to measles virus were determined in 986 students of I–VI courses in May –June 2019. The level of measles antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: positive (protective) titres of measles antibodies were detected in 555 people. (56.4%), the absence of measles immunity was found in 431 people. (43.6%), including 57 people. (5.8%) specific antibodies were not detected. The relationship between the level of collective immunity and the duration of the period after the last vaccination against measles was revealed.Conclusions: in the majority of examined students (96.2%), protective titers of measles antibodies remained for 10 years after the last vaccination. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the level of measles antibodies was noted. All students who do not have a protective IgG titer are shown measles vaccination with live measles vaccine in accordance with the instructions for use.
The Value of Academic Directors to Stakeholders: Evidence on Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yi , Lee Cheng-Hsun , Liao Chih-Hsien 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This study explores the regulatory setting in Taiwan and examines the association between academic directors and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. We find that firms with academic directors on their boards are more likely to issue standalone CSR reports and to obtain third-party assurance on such reports. We also demonstrate that an academic director's university prestige as well as industry expertise both have incremental positive effects on CSR reporting. Additional analysis further suggests that a firm's CSR reporting is better valued by the capital market when the firm has academic directors, consistent with academic directors strengthening investors' perceptions regarding the credibility of voluntarily disclosed CSR information. Our finding that the presence of academic directors can promote better CSR reporting indicates that academic directors contribute not only to shareholder value, but also to wider stakeholder interests.
Desain dan Analisa Ekonomi PLTS Atap untuk Villa di Bali
Authors: Sumariana Kadek , Kumara I Nyoman Satya , Ariastina Wayan Gede 
Published: October 2020

Intisari—Provinsi Bali adalah salah satu dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia dan menurut Rencana Umum Energi Nasional diharapkan untuk mengembangkan sekitar 110 MW solar PV pada tahun 2025. Secara ekonomi, Bali dianggap sebagai pusat industri pariwisata Indonesia. Berbagai akomodasi telah dikembangkan untuk mendukung industri termasuk villa. Dalam tulisan ini, potensi Rooftop PV pada villa di Bali disajikan. Kapasitas Rooftop PV dirancang dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi 23% dari konsumsi energi villa. Dua villa di Bali selatan diambil sebagai contoh. Audit energi dilakukan untuk mempelajari penggunaan energi kedua villa. Berdasarkan tujuan desain, 13,7 kWp PV yang terhubung ke jaringan diusulkan untuk masing-masing villa. Dengan hasil ini, diproyeksikan bahwa semua villa di Bali dapat menambah kapasitas solar PV sekitar 34,8 MWp yang berpotensi menghasilkan energi tahunan 54.741 MWh. Analisis investasi dan kinerja lingkungan juga dimasukkan dalam makalah ini. Hasil yang disajikan di sini akan membantu pemerintah provinsi dan kabupaten di Bali untuk mendapatkan wawasan tentang potensi sektor pariwisata untuk mendukung pengembangan PV dan selanjutnya mengembangkan kebijakan dan peraturan yang sesuai untuk mempercepat penyerapan Rooftop PV di Bali.
Kata Kunci — Energi terbarukan, Rooftop PV,Grid-connected, Pengurangan emisi, Pariwisata hijau.
Revitalisai PLTS Off-Grid 15 kWp Desa Datah Sebagai Catu Daya Pompa Air Pedesaan
Authors: Sasmita I.G.A.D. , Giriantari I.G.A.D. , Kumara I Nyoman Satya 
Published: October 2020

Saat ini semua aspek listrik dilakukan oleh PT. PLN (Persero) di seluruh Indonesia. Masih banyak desa di Indonesia yang gelap atau belum teraliri listrik. Tercatat, hingga saat ini sebanyak 2.500 desa belum tersambung listrik. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) saat ini telah mencari solusi agar 2.500 desa tersebut bisa menikmati listrik. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan energi terbarukan. Salah satunya PLTS Datah, aset tersebut tidak difungsikan lagi dan dibeberapa bagian terjadi kerusakan. Dusun Asah Teben, Desa Datah memiliki luas sebesar 6,74 km2 memiliki jumlah populasi yang lumayan tinggi dengan jumlah penduduk sebesar 315 kepala keluarga pada tahun 2018. Dengan kepadatan seperti itu maka kebutuhan air tiap orang sekitar lebih dari 150 liter perhari perorang. Dengan energi yang dihasilkan sebesar 10 kWp diharapkan nantinya kebutuhan air bersih di pemukiman warga yang berjumlah sekitar 315 kepala keluarga dapat terpenuhi. Dengan sumber air yang ada sudah bisa memenuhi kebutuhan air warga di Dusun Asah Teben Datah. Dari hasil perhitungan maka harga air sebesar Rp. 1.288 lebih murah dari harga air PDAM yang Rp. 1.500. Harga air cukup murah dan bisa dijangkau oleh warga.
Kata Kunci— Energi Terbarukan, PLTS off-grid, Pompa, Distribusi Air
Kajian Penggunaan Incinerator Untuk Mengelola Limbah Medis Padat di Denpasar
Authors: Adiputra I.G.A.B. , Giriantari I.G.A.D. , Kumara I. N. S. 
Published: October 2020

Salah satu metode untuk mengolah limbah beracun rumah sakit adalah dengan incinerator. Incinerator membakar limbah medis padat rumah sakit pada suhu tinggi. Banyak rumah sakit harus mengangkut limbah beracunnya ke lokasi pihak ketiga yang lokasinya diluar Bali. Di Bali, ada 62 rumah sakit dengan 6.195 kamar inap dengan 5.584.310 kunjungan pasien pertahun sehingga menghasilkan sejumlah besar limbah beracun. Rumah sakit di Bali harus harus mengirim limbahnya ke pulau Jawa menyebabkan biaya yang mahal dan masalah dalam pengangkutannya. Salah satu solusinya adalah mengembangkan incinerator skala kecil di dekat lokasi rumah sakit. Jurnal ini membahas pengembangan incinerator skala kecil di kota Denpasar Bali yang mencakup investasi, metric kinerja, dan kelayakan ekonomis. Proyek ini didanai oleh bantuan internasional dan saat ini merupakan satu-satu nya incinerator yang ada di rumah sakit di Bali. Paper ini membahas bagaiman pengolahan limbah di RSUD Wangaya dan khususnya penggunaan Incinerator. Pembahsan akan meliputi pemaparan pengelolaan limbah di RSUD Wangaya, langkah-langkah pengembangan incinerator, unjuk kerja incinerator, dan analisa investasi.
Kata Kunci: Rumah sakit, pengolahan limbah medis, limbah beracun, incinerator, analisa ekonomi, NPV, payback period, konservasi energi.
Possibilities of pain management during photodynamic therapy
Authors: Shinkarev S. A. , Borisov V. A. , Boldyrev S. N. , Podolsky V. N. , Abdurashidov Z. I. , Zagadaev A. P. , Klycheva O. N. 
Published: October 2020

The authors consider the possibilities of pain management during photodynamic therapy (PDT) of visible tumors based on the observation of 102 patients. Of the total number of patients, 62 had verified basal cell skin cancer, 10 people - squamous cell skin cancer, another 10 - oral and oropharynx mucosa cancer, 8 - oral leukoplakia and dysplasia, in 6 - lower lip cancer, in 4 - breast cancer, in 2 - other localizations of neoplasms. In 15 patients, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were used as pain management, in 69 - a combination of NSAID with tramadol, in 14 - nerve block anesthesia, in 4 - PDT was performed under general anesthesia. The intensity of pain syndrome during laser irradiation of the tumor was assessed on the verbal rating scale (VRS). The absence of pain was recorded in 9% of cases. Mild pain was noted by 58% of patients, moderate pain - 20%, severe pain - 10%, very severe pain was noted by 3% of patients.The degree of expression of pain syndrome during PDT depends on the incidence of a lesion, histological form of tumor, and method of anesthesia. NSAID alone, or in combination with an opioid analgesic, allows effective control of pain syndrome in PDT of basal cell skin cancer in 89%, in PDT of squamous cell skin cancer in 66% of observations. Nerve block anesthesia allows stoping pain syndrome during PDT of oropharyngeal tumors.
Evaluation of strontium aluminate phosphorescent effect on blood as potential light source for phototherapy
Authors: Choong H. , Suardi N. , Ahmed N. 
Published: October 2020

Phototherapy has shown its effect on cell stimulation and inhibition based on Arndt-Schulz model. Even though this therapeutic method has apparent effect, but it has limitations for epithelial application due to limitations on light penetration. Hence, with the ideology of fully overcoming this limitation, phosphorescent powder (strontium aluminate) is proposed as the potential light source that emitting photon from inside the body for phototherapy purposes. The strontium aluminate powder used in the experiment has the highest peak absorption at wavelength around 650 nm and lowest at around 350 nm. According to FESEM images, the powder has the particle size varies from 10 to 50 μm at cubic phase. The assessment is done by studying the effect on erythrocyte after blood plasma is irradiated by strontium aluminate powder’s photon. The powder luminesces with a maximum at 491.5 nm when pumped with 473 nm laser at 100 mW in fixed amount of 0.005±0.001 g. Later, it is mixed with centrifuged blood plasma for a predetermined time period (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). From this study, it shows that 5 minutes irradiation is the optimum period for erythrocyte in term of morphology enhancement and increase of UV-visible absorption spectrum with at least 21% in comparing with control blood. While the significant increment located at wavelengths 340 nm and 414 nm with both increased by 54% and 41%, respectively. However, for 10 minutes and beyond, the irradiation leads to morphology deterioration while the UV-visible spectrum decrement starts at 15 minutes and beyond. In conjunction, a comparison between blood plasma that either interacted with powder emitting photon or powder with no emission shows that photon emission plays a role in the phototherapy effect.
Hybrid Ionic Liquid/water-in-Salt Electrolytes Enable Stable Cycling of LTO/NMC811 Full Cells
Authors: Becker Maximilian , Reber David , Aribia Abdessalem , Battaglia Corsin , Kühnel Ruben-Simon 
Published: October 2020

Water-in-salt electrolytes have successfully expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes to up to 3 V. While particularly the reductive stability of water-in-salt electrolytes can be further improved by simply increasing the salt concentration, this approach has its limitations as it leads to very viscous and hence poorly conducting solutions. An alternative strategy is the partial substitution of water by ionic liquids, which boosts the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solubility while maintaining adequate transport properties at very high salt concentrations.Here, we study such ternary electrolytes based on LiTFSI, water, and imidazolium-type ionic liquids in terms of their thermal, electrochemical, and transport properties. We find that the LiTFSI solubility increases from 21 mol kg−1 in water to up to 60 mol kg−1 in the presence of these ionic liquids. Deconvolution of the different contributions to the LiTFSI solubility shows that particularly the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate acts as solubility enhancer.The increased reductive stability of these ternary electrolytes enables stable cycling of both TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 anodes. We further show that the low water content of these electrolytes also allows stable cycling of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. For instance, a TiO2/NMC811 full cell based on such a hybrid electrolyte shows an energy density of 121 Wh kg−1 on the active material level, a Coulombic efficiency of >99.7% at C/2, and retains 80% of its initial capacity after 290 cycles at this rate. Owing to the 300 mV lower redox potential of Li4Ti5O12 compared to TiO2, Li4Ti5O12/NMC811 full cells reach energy densities of 141 and 150 Wh kg−1 at a rate of 1C and C/2, respectively. These cells still show Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% and 99.2%, respectively, and maintain 80% of their initial capacity after 230 and 154 cycles, respectively. Considering the large number of potential lithium salt–ionic liquid combinations, we anticipate further improvements in electrolyte properties and subsequently cell performance.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN USAHA MIKRO CITRONG (CHEESE STICK TERONG) KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MENTARI BINAAN ORGANISASI IAAS LC UNPAD
Authors: Safitri Lusi Wulan 
Published: October 2020

Genteng village's potential in agriculture sector is dominated by various vegetables commodities, one of which is eggplant. The Village Concept Program that was held in 2016 have been successful on creating a collaboration between IAAS LC Unpad and Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari, which is a snack called Citrong with eggplant as it's main ingredient. The development of Citrong as a micro business doesn't always go as planned, because Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari still can't market this product. So, marketing strategy is needed. This research aims to create a marketing strategy of Citrong micro business for Kelompok Wanita Tani Mentari. This research use qualitative design with study case as research technique. IFAS, EFAS, IE, and QSPM matrix are used for data analysis. The results of this research is micro business of Citrong in cell II (average internal position and high external position) which shows the type of strategy “Growth and Build”. So,marketing strategy that can be applied are intensive strategies such as market penetration, market development, and product development or integrated strategies such as backward integration, forward integration and horizontal integration.Keywords : Citrong, Marketing Strategy, Micro Business
O papel do diretor como articulador da equipe gestora escolar e a formação de educadores para as necessidades da escola na atualidade
Authors: Aranha Elvira Godinho , Callas Danielle Girotti , Placco Vera Maria Nigro de Souza 
Published: October 2020

O artigo discutirá recortes dos resultados da pesquisa: “Desafios da escola na atualidade: qual escola para o século XXI? Uma pesquisa com vários atores no estado de São Paulo”, desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa Contexto Escolar, Processos Identitários da Formação de Professores e Alunos da Educação Básica. A pesquisa teve o objetivo de desenvolver um conjunto de investigações empíricas sobre as concepções e desafios da escola na atualidade, com educadores da rede pública estadual paulista, entre 2017 e 2020. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram o questionário online (5.005 respostas) e entrevistas. O objetivo geral do artigo é discutir o papel do diretor como articulador da escola na atualidade. Os objetivos específicos são: (a) identificar qual a compreensão do diretor a respeito da escola, das finalidades educativas escolares e de seu papel e (b) levantar alguns dos desafios que esse profissional enfrenta para articular a comunidade educativa e garantir um ensino de qualidade. A fundamentação teórica apoia-se nos estudos de Libâneo, Saviani e Lenoir, bem como na legislação brasileira. Os resultados indicam :a) a importância do diretor como articulador da escola; b) as diferentes e exigentes dimensões de suas atribuições e c) a importância fundamental de se considerar as finalidades educativas escolares como parâmetro para a atuação do diretor.
Ensino de Ciências e estudantes surdos: discussões e reflexões
Authors: Dias Nelson , Anache Alexandra Ayach , Maciel Ruberval Franco 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é uma revisão de literatura sobre ensino de ciências e estudantes surdos, faz parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado ainda em andamento. O objetivo é compreender como são as aulas de ciências com estudantes surdos, discutir e problematizar estratégias, metodologias e processos avaliativos em turmas com esse público por meio de publicações realizadas em teses, dissertações e periódicos. Foram realizados buscas em três bancos de dados diferentes, teses e dissertações Capes, periódicos Capes e Google Acadêmico, com os seguintes descritores: “ensino de ciências”, “surdo”, “inclusão”. Após o levantamento de dados, foram criados cinco eixos para serem discutidos. As discussões relacionam-se às linguagens utilizadas no contexto da sala de aula, formas de planejamentos, interação entre intérprete e professor de Ciências, aquisição de conhecimento científico e elaboração de materiais. Conclui-se que a Libras precisa ganhar protagonismo na sala de aula, bem como ser inserida nas estratégias de ensino, atividades e avaliação para de fato o estudante surdo ser incluído e sentir-se pertencente ao ambiente escolar.
Features of the recovery period of hypoxic lesion to the central nervous system in children of the first year of life with congenital heart disease
Authors: Zhelev V. A. , Pogudina A. S. , Mikhalev E. V. , Okorokov A. O. , Krivonogova T. S. , Nagaeva T. A. , Ponomareva D. A. 
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the features of recovery period of hypoxic lesion to the central nervous system (CNS) in children of the first year of life in the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD).Material and Methods. The study involved 80 children born full-term and premature with gestational status of 35–37 weeks with hypoxic damage to the CNS. The main observation group comprised 50 children with CHD (interventricular and atrial septal defects, open ductus arteriosus). All children underwent a comprehensive health assessment, standard echocardiography, and neurosonography at ages of five to seven days and one, three, and six months. Biochemical analysis included assessment of serum neurospecific enolase (NSE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH). The control group included 20 full-term newborns without CHD and CNS lesions.Results. The main manifestations in newborns with CHD and hypoxic damage to the CNS were the suppression syndrome, agitation, and hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome. At the age of six months, a delay in motor development indicators persisted in 35% of children in the main group. The high NSE level in newborns with concomitant septal heart defects was associated with a decrease in the quantitative indicators of neuropsychic development (g = –0.6, p < 0.05). The children with CHD and hypoxic damage to the CNS in the first year of life were significantly more often (p < 0.05) deficient in weight and height. A decrease in the resistance level in the first year of life was observed in 40% of children from the main group, which significantly differed compared with group of children without CHD (p < 0.001). The newborns with hypoxic CNS and CHD lesions had a decrease in the activity of α-GPDH and SDG at the age of five to seven days; the low activity of SDG persisted at the ages of one and six months; the enzyme activity in children of the comparison group was normal (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Children with CHD had the features of clinical course of perinatal damage to the CNS in the acute and recovery periods, a slowdown in the rate of physical and neuropsychic development, a decrease in the resistance level, and impaired functional state of the body. The decreases in the activities of SDG and α-GPDH in children with hypoxic lesions to the CNS in the presence of CHD implied the disturbances in cellular bioenergetics and resulted in inadequate response to external factors.