bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Resting‐State Neural Oscillations and Spectral Power in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Candelaria‐Cook Felicha T. , Schendel Megan E. , Flynn Lucinda , Hill Dina E. , Stephen Julia M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundConsumption of alcohol during pregnancy impacts fetal development and may lead to a variety of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities in childhood collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The FASD spectrum includes children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), and alcohol‐related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). Children with a FASD or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have impaired white matter, reduced structural volumes, impaired resting‐state functional connectivity when measured with fMRI, and spectral hypersynchrony as infants. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides high temporal resolution and good spatial precision for examining spectral power and connectivity patterns unique from fMRI. The impact of PAE on MEG resting‐state spectral power in children remains unknown.MethodsWe collected 2 minutes of eyes‐open and eyes‐closed resting‐state data in 51 children (8 to 12 years of age) with 3 subgroups included: 10 ARND/PAE, 15 FAS/pFAS, and 26 controls (TDC). MEG data were collected on the Elekta Neuromag system. The following spectral metrics were compared between subgroups: power, normalized power, half power, 95% power, and Shannon spectral entropy (SSE). MEG spectral data were correlated with behavioral measures.ResultsOur results indicate children with FAS/pFAS had reduced spectral power and normalized power, particularly within the alpha frequency band in sensor parietal and source superior parietal and lateral occipital regions, along with elevated half power, 95% power, and SSE. We also found select hemisphere specific effects further indicating reduced corpus callosum connectivity in children with a FASD. Interestingly, while the ARND/PAE subgroup had significant differences from the FAS/pFAS subgroup, in many cases spectral data were not significantly different from TDC.ConclusionsOur results were consistent with previous studies and provide new insight into resting‐state oscillatory differences both between children with FAS and TDC, and within FASD subgroups. Further understanding of these resting‐state variations and their impact on cognitive function may help provide early targets for intervention and enhance outcomes for individuals with a FASD.
Defying death: incorporating fossils into the phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae, Marchantiophyta) confirms high order clades but reveals discrepancies in family‐level relationships
Authors: Flores Jorge R. , Bippus Alexander C. , Suárez Guillermo M. , Hyvönen Jaakko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the use of extensive molecular and morphological datasets has clarified the phylogenetic relationships among the orders of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae). However, previous studies excluded extinct taxa; thereby, undersampling the actual taxonomic diversity of the group. Here, we conducted a total‐evidence analysis of Marchantiidae incorporating fossils. The combined dataset consisted of 11 genes—sampled from the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes—and 128 morphological characters. Sixty‐two species, representing all classes and orders within Marchantiophyta and genera within Marchantiidae were included in the analyses. Six fossils were scored from literature: two assigned to the outgroup (Metzgeriothallus sharonae and Pallaviciniites sandaolingensis) and four to the ingroup (Marchantites cyathodoides, M. huolinhensis, Ricciopsis ferganica and R. sandaolingensis). Tree searches were conducted using parsimony as the optimality criterion. Clade sensitivity was assessed across a wide range of weighting regimes. Also, we evaluated the influence of fossils on the inferred topologies and branch support. Our results were congruent with previously inferred clades above the order level: Neohodgsoniales was sister to a clade formed by Sphaerocarpales and Marchantiales. However, relationships among families within Marchantiales contradicted recent studies. For instance, a clade consisting of Monosoleniaceae, Wiesnerellaceae and Targioniaceae was sister to the morphologically simple taxa instead of being nested within them as in previous studies. Novel synapomorphies were found for several clades within Marchantiales. Outgroup fossils were more influential than Marchantiidae fossils on overall topologies and branch support values. Except for a single weighting scheme, sampling continuous characters and down‐weighting characters improved fossil stability. Ultimately, our results challenge the widespread notion that bryophyte fossils are problematic for phylogenetic inference.
Cytokeratin expression in plasmablastic lymphoma – a possible diagnostic pitfall in the routine work‐up of tumours
Authors: Huettl Katrin S , Staiger Annette M , Horn Heike , Frontzek Fabian , Goodlad John R , Tapia Gustavo , Rosenwald Andreas , Klapper Wolfram , Fend Falko , Climent Fina , Castellvi Josep , Tzankov Alexandar , Dirnhofer Stefan , Baptista Maria João , Navarro José‐Tomas , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Hartmann Wolfgang , Lenz Georg , Ott German 
Published: November 2020

AimsPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that frequently arises at extranodal sites in the setting of immunosuppression. The diagnosis of PBL is complex, owing to a frequent solid or cohesive growth pattern, and an often unusual immunophenotype. Several case reports have described cytokeratin (CK) expression in PBL, introducing a diagnostic pitfall. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CK expression in PBL in the largest series available to date.Methods and resultsBy using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 72 PBLs, we identified CK8/18 positivity in 11 of 72 cases (15%) and AE1/3 positivity in six of 65 cases (9%), clearly contrasting with a control series of non‐PBL aggressive B‐cell lymphomas (one of 96 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas), as well as with data in the literature describing only occasional CK expression in haematological neoplasms.ConclusionsOur data indicate CK expression in a substantial number (15%) of PBLs. In view of the particular morphological features of PBL and its frequent negativity for the common leukocyte antigen and B‐cell markers, this feature represents a pitfall in the routine diagnostic work‐up of PBL, and requires more extensive immunohistochemical and molecular characterisation of cases entering the differential diagnosis.
De Ginebra a San José: las normas de la OIT y el sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos
Authors: DUHAIME Bernard , DÉCOSTE Éloïse 
Published: November 2020

ResumenLos autores analizan cómo los órganos interamericanos de derechos humanos utilizan las normas de la OIT como referencia en asuntos de libertad sindical y de asociación y derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Exponen los límites del método por litispendencia y competencia y analizan cómo estas normas han influido en la reciente jurisprudencia interamericana sobre ciertos derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Defienden la conveniencia de este método de referencias cruzadas, que permite a los órganos interamericanos basarse en interpretaciones autorizadas, al tiempo que aumenta la credibilidad, la legitimidad normativa y la universalidad de sus decisiones.
Irreverence Rules: The Politics of Authenticity and the Carnivalesque Aesthetic in Black South African Women's Stand-Up Comedy
Authors: FINLEY JESSYKA 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the aesthetic practices of black women stand-ups in South Africa take up the concrete ways black people all over the world use performances, within theatrical or everyday practices, to create, shape, and transform their worlds. Reading stand-up as a genre of diaspora culture meant to contend with issues of antiblack racism, economic and social marginalization, and the legacy of (neo)colonialism, this article examines the ways humor and comedy manifest transnational intimacies and affinities via the circulation of black women's comic culture. Black women's stand-up comedy enables us to orient our understanding of the inextricable link between aesthetic choices and diaspora as the locus of the production of blackness, and as a particular sensibility rooted in the struggle against colonialism, antiblack racism, and the struggle for human rights and recognition.
The possibility that long‐term isometric handgrip exercise contributes to left atrial enlargement in patients with hypertension
Authors: Kemi Yuta , Hoshide Satoshi , Yamashita Eiji , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypertension guidelines recommend isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) as a non‐pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IHG is safe for hypertensive patients. The participants were mostly middle‐aged to elderly patients with hypertension. Participants wore a pedometer for 4 weeks and were then divided into two groups: Those who had taken at least 7000 steps per day were placed in an IHG‐only group (n = 11), and those who took fewer steps were placed in an IHG + walking group (n = 4). Both groups then performed IHG for 12 weeks. No significant blood pressure reduction occurred from before to after intervention in either group. In the IHG‐only group, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was significantly higher and left atrial (LA) volume (24.6 ± 9.1 to 36.4 ± 17.9 mL, P = .007) was significantly larger after intervention than before. Long‐term IHG may induce both LA enlargement and increased BNP in hypertensive patients.
Neurexin‐2 is a potential regulator of inflammatory pain in the spinal dorsal horn of rats
Authors: Xu Longsheng , Feng Qingli , Deng Housheng , Zhang Xiaoping , Ni Huadong , Yao Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic pain is one of the serious conditions that affect human health and remains cure still remains a serious challenge as the molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we used label‐free proteomics to identify potential target proteins that regulate peripheral inflammatory pain and reveal its mechanism of action. Inflammation in peripheral tissue was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into rat hind paw. A proteomic method was adopted to compare the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) in peripheral inflammatory pain (PIP) model rats with controls. Differential proteins were identified in SDH proteome by label‐free quantification. The role of screened target proteins in the PIP was verified by small interfering RNA (siRNA). A total of 3072 and 3049 proteins were identified in CFA and normal saline (NS) groups, respectively, and 13 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the CFA group. One of them, neurexin‐2, was validated for its role in the inflammatory pain. Neurexin‐2 was up‐regulated in the CFA group, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Besides, intrathecal siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of neurexin‐2 attenuated CFA‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of SDH membrane glutamate receptors (eg mGlu receptor 1, AMPA receptor) and postsynaptic density (eg PSD‐95, DLG2). These findings increased the understanding of the role of neurexin‐2 in the inflammatory pain, implicating that neurexin‐2 acts as a potential regulatory protein of inflammatory pain through affecting synaptic plasticity in the SDH of rats.
Is it sexy to be sexist? How stereotyped humor affects romantic attraction
Authors: Betz Diana E. , DiDonato Theresa E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSexist humor is a common form of disparagement humor that is nonetheless understudied in romantic attraction contexts. Three experiments investigated how sexist humor is perceived and received during relationship initiation. In Study 1 (n = 262) participants rated self‐directed sexist humor as more affiliative (only women), less aggressive, and more self‐defeating than other‐directed sexist humor. Study 2 (n = 209) replicated these findings and found that women romantically preferred men who used self‐ rather than other‐directed sexist humor, an effect mediated by perceived warmth. Self‐directed sexist humor's attractiveness advantage persisted in Study 3 (n = 667), which also included manipulations of self‐disparaging, group‐disparaging, and benign humor. Results suggest a romantic cost for men telling sexist jokes that disparage women.
The onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the central Mediterranean recorded by pre‐salt carbonate/evaporite deposition
Authors: Borrelli Mario , Perri Edoardo , Critelli Salvatore , Gindre‐Chanu Laurent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Calcare di Base is a carbonate/evaporitic unit formed before the deposition of the massive halite bodies in the main depozones of the Mediterranean region, and has been at the centre of a fiery debate between different ‘schools of thought’ about its genesis, environmental conditions and timing of deposition. It crops out extensively in Southern Italy, across Neogene basins located on the Tyrrhenian and Ionian margins of northern Calabria, where it was studied through a detailed facies and stratigraphic analysis that revealed the presence of a continental/shallow‐marine to slope system, active during the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. During the Calcare di Base deposition, an arid climate regime with intermittent humid phases occurred with a precession forced cyclicity, facing an overall generally cold climatic period. During arid periods, stressed environmental conditions permitted the establishment of widespread microbial‐mediated carbonate production, frequently associated with evaporitic (gypsum‐dominated) deposition, along a sabkha‐type environment with extensive salinas and hypersaline coastal lagoons grading seaward into a carbonate/evaporite shallow‐marine shelf. This is testified to by microbial boundstones and dissolution breccias commonly associated with nodular gypsum and arenites affected by desiccation, typically forming metre‐scale shallowing‐upward peritidal cycles. Seaward, gravity flow deposits are interpreted as re‐sedimented shelf limestones, defining a slope apron. Mixed carbonate/evaporite megabreccias and disorganized floatbreccias were deposited along the upper slope, whereas soft deformation with slides, slumps and channelized turbidites further developed along the lower slope to basin. During the humid climate episodes, that affected the platform system with a precession‐forced cyclicity, the carbonate production was reduced together with the evaporitic deposition, leading to the widespread deposition of marlstones and fine to coarse siliciclastic deposits.
Two measures of systemic inflammation are positively associated with haemoglobin levels in adolescent girls living in rural India: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahankari A. S. , Kabra P. , Tata L. J. , Hayter M. , Fogarty A. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that systemic inflammation is inversely associated with haemoglobin levels in adolescent girls in India.MethodsThe study population consisted of adolescent girls aged between 10 and 19 years living in a remote rural region in Maharashtra State, India. Data were collected on anthropometric measures, and a venous blood sample was taken and tested for complete blood count and C‐reactive protein (CRP).ResultsOf 679 individuals who were invited to the research site to participate, data were available from 401 participants giving a response rate of 59%. Median blood CRP was 1.26 mg/l (Range 0.00 to 26.33), and 167 (41.6%) participants had CRP level < 1.0 mg/l. The mean haemoglobin was 12.24 g/dl (standard deviation [SD] 1.51), and the mean total white blood cells (WBC) count was 9.02 × 103/μl (SD 2.00). With each g/dl increase in blood haemoglobin, the risk of having an elevated CRP of ≥ 1 mg/l increased with an odds ratio of 1.16 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.33,P = 0.03). Total WBC count was also positively associated with blood haemoglobin, increasing by 0.24 × 103/μl (95% CI 0.11 to 0.37,P < 0.001) per g/dl increase in haemoglobin. Both analyses were adjusted for age.ConclusionsIn this population, blood haemoglobin levels were positively associated with two measures of systemic inflammation, contrary to the primary hypothesis being tested. Other unmeasured environmental exposures may modify haemoglobin levels in this population. Understanding this observation may help design better public health interventions to improve the well‐being of adolescent girls in India.
Effect of Coolant Water Temperature of Emergency Core Cooling System on Failure Probability of Reactor Pressure Vessel
Authors: Lu Kai , Katsuyama Jinya , Masaki Koichi , Watanabe Tadashi , Li Yinsheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is important for the safe operation of nuclear power plant. For an RPV in a pressurized water reactor (PWR), pressurized thermal shock (PTS) resulted from rapid coolant water injection due to a loss-of-coolant accident is an issue of particular concern. The coolant water temperature in the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) can influence the integrity of RPV subjected to PTS events; thus, this paper is focused on investigating the effect of coolant water temperature of ECCS on failure probability of an RPV. First, thermal-hydraulic (TH) analyses were conducted for a Japanese PWR model plant by using RELAP5, and different coolant water temperatures in ECCS were considered to investigate the effect of coolant water temperature on TH behaviors during a PTS event. Using the TH analysis results, probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analyses were performed for the RPV of the Japanese model plant. Based on the PFM analysis results, the effect of coolant water temperature on failure probability of the RPV was quantified.
Bathing adaptations in the homes of older adults and their carers (BATH-OUT): a qualitative extended follow-up study with concurrent nested outcome assessments
Authors: Golding-Day Miriam , Whitehead Phillip 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveWe previously completed a nested qualitative interview study, as part of a feasibility randomised controlled trial with 21 older adults and five carers who had an accessible shower installed in their home. The objective of this study was to follow-up the participants approximately 24 months on.DesignThis was an extended follow-up study comprising semi-structured interviews to explore the longer-term experiences of the older adults. To elaborate and add breadth to the findings these were supplemented with concurrent nested outcome assessment measures.SettingThe study was conducted within one local authority City Council housing adaptations service.ParticipantsThirteen older adults (mean age: 76; SD: 6.87) and three carers from the original study completed the extended follow-up study.InterventionsThe intervention in the original study was the provision of an accessible showering facility either by immediate provision or routine 4-month wait.ResultsFindings were presented thematically with three themes identified: environment, autonomy with personal care and wider occupation. Improvements in the physical and social environment combined with greater autonomy in personal care were reported to impact more widely on older adults’ occupations including other self-care activities and leisure. These are consistent with domains underpinning social care related quality of life particularly personal safety, cleanliness and occupation. The results of the outcome assessments support the qualitative themes demonstrating sustained improvements in quality of life, independence in daily living and reduced fear of falling.ConclusionThis research suggests the positive lived experiences reported immediately after the installation of the accessible shower are still evident up to 28 months later in this cohort of older adults. Future research should investigate medium to longer-term outcomes with a more diverse sample.Trial RegistrationISRCTN14876332; Post-results.
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of culturally adapted internet- and mobile-based health promotion interventions
Authors: Balci Sumeyye , Spanhel Kerstin , Sander Lasse , Baumeister Harald 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionHigh rates of immigration pose challenges for the healthcare systems of many countries to offer high-quality care to diverse populations. Advancing health interventions with incorporating the cultural background of diverse populations can be helpful to overcome this challenge. First studies suggest that culturally diverse populations might benefit from culturally adapted internet-based and mobile-based interventions (IMI) to promote health behaviours. However, the effectiveness of culturally adapted IMIs for health promotion interventions has not been evaluated systematically. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of culturally adapted IMIs regarding health promotion. Additionally, the cultural adaptation features of these interventions will be outlined.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of culturally adapted IMIs to promote health behaviours in the field of healthy eating, smoking cessation, alcohol consumption, physical activity and sexual health behaviour will be identified via a systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL. The preliminary search has been conducted on the 26 August 2019 and will be updated in the process. Data will be pooled meta-analytically in case of at least three included studies reporting on the same outcome. Moreover, a narrative synthesis of the included studies will be conducted. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for the Quality Assessment of RCTs V. 2.0. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO; CRD42020152939