bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision-theoretic approach for model interpretability in Bayesian framework
Authors: Afrabandpey Homayun , Peltola Tomi , Piironen Juho , Vehtari Aki , Kaski Samuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA salient approach to interpretable machine learning is to restrict modeling to simple models. In the Bayesian framework, this can be pursued by restricting the model structure and prior to favor interpretable models. Fundamentally, however, interpretability is about users’ preferences, not the data generation mechanism; it is more natural to formulate interpretability as a utility function. In this work, we propose an interpretability utility, which explicates the trade-off between explanation fidelity and interpretability in the Bayesian framework. The method consists of two steps. First, a reference model, possibly a black-box Bayesian predictive model which does not compromise accuracy, is fitted to the training data. Second, a proxy model from an interpretable model family that best mimics the predictive behaviour of the reference model is found by optimizing the interpretability utility function. The approach is model agnostic—neither the interpretable model nor the reference model are restricted to a certain class of models—and the optimization problem can be solved using standard tools. Through experiments on real-word data sets, using decision trees as interpretable models and Bayesian additive regression models as reference models, we show that for the same level of interpretability, our approach generates more accurate models than the alternative of restricting the prior. We also propose a systematic way to measure stability of interpretabile models constructed by different interpretability approaches and show that our proposed approach generates more stable models.
Comparative study of life satisfaction among patients with psoriasis versus healthy comparison group: the explanatory role of body image and resource profiles
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Podkowa Katarzyna , Pięta Małgorzata , Pankowski Daniel , Cyran-Stemplewska Sylwia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was first to examine the heterogeneity of body image and resources, as described by the conservation of resources theory (COR), in a sample of psoriatic patients and explore whether heterogeneity within these variables explains the possible differences in levels of life satisfaction among the participants. Second, we aimed to investigate if life satisfaction level among the observed profiles of psoriatic patients, extracted on the basis of their body image and resources, differed from that of the healthy comparison group.

Methods
The sample consisted of 735 participants, including 355 adults with a medical diagnosis of psoriasis and 380 healthy adults recruited from a non-clinical general population. Participants filled the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the COR evaluation questionnaire.

Results
Latent profile analysis revealed four classes of psoriatic patients with different levels of resources and body image. The group with the highest level of resources and the most positive body image did not differ from the healthy comparison group regarding satisfaction with life. The group with the lowest level of resources and the most negative body image was characterized by the lowest satisfaction with life.

Conclusions
The results of our study may change the simplifying trend that highlights the traditionally very poor well-being of psoriatic patients. Moreover, the discovery of specific profiles of these patients, which differ with regard to psychological variables, can lead to rethinking contemporary forms of psychological counselling in psoriatic patients.
Substituent effects of nitro group in cyclic compounds
Authors: Jezuita Anna , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Szatylowicz Halina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerous studies on nitro group properties are associated with its high electron-withdrawing ability, by means of both resonance and inductive effect. The substituent effect of the nitro group may be well described using either traditional substituent constants or characteristics based on quantum chemistry, i.e., cSAR, SESE, and pEDA/sEDA models. Interestingly, the cSAR descriptor allows to describe the electron-attracting properties of the nitro group regardless of the position and the type of system. Analysis of classical and reverse substituent effects of the nitro group in various systems indicates strongpi-electron interactions with electron-donating substituents due to the resonance effect. This significantly affects thepi-electron delocalization of the aromatic ring decreasing the aromatic character, evidenced clearly by HOMA values. Use of the pEDA/sEDA model allows to measure the population of electrons transferred from the ring to the nitro group.
A Dual-Permeability Approach to Study Anomalous Moisture Transport Properties of Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhidong , Angst Ueli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnomalous moisture transport in cement-based materials is often reported in the literature, but the conventional single-porosity moisture transport models generally fail to provide accurate simulation results. Previous studies suggested that the anomalous moisture transport could be caused by different moisture transport velocity in large and small pores. Based on this concept, the present study proposes a continuous dual-permeability model for cement-based material. The proposed model includes the transport contribution of both liquid water and water vapor, which are governed by liquid advection and vapor diffusion, respectively. We explicitly consider that moisture transport in the large pore region is faster than the small pore region. The volumetric fraction of each region is determined when fitting the measured sorption isotherms by using a bimodal equation. The validation with experimental data shows that the dual-permeability model can well simulate both the “normal” and the anomalous moisture transport. The applicability of the proposed model implies that the “dual-porosity property” could be one of reasons that cause anomalous moisture transport in cementitious materials. In addition, results show that vapor diffusion can be neglected for moisture transport in both porosities at high relative humidity (RH), while at low RH, vapor diffusion must be considered.
Environmental analysis along the supply chain of dark, milk and white chocolate: a life cycle comparison
Authors: Bianchi F. R. , Moreschi L. , Gallo M. , Vesce E. , Del Borghi A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Environmental impact evaluation in the food sector is a key topic, due to both stricter legislations and higher consumer awareness towards sustainable choices. The case of chocolate is a remarkable example, owing to the increasing demand and the complex production process from cocoa beans to final bars. The present study aims at assessing the environmental impacts related to three chocolate types (dark, milk and white) through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology.

Methods
Consistent with food Product Category Rules (PCRs) and previous LCA literature, the study follows a cradle to grave approach. Among different raw material productions, it focuses above all on cocoa farming assuming three possible producer countries (i.e. Ghana, Ecuador and Indonesia), so that the influence of specific weather conditions and soil properties is underlined. Since the manufacturing step is supposed in the North Italian factory, different transport distances are also taken into account. Moreover, the work focuses on the possible use of several packaging materials and following disposal issues. In view of the open discussion about the most suitable functional unit in food sector, mass and energy amount approaches are compared.

Results and discussion
Along chocolate supply chain, different phases are evaluated according to LCA methodology. Among analyzed producer countries: Indonesia monoculture case results to be the most impacting situation, due to an intensive use of agrochemicals; pesticides give a wide contribution in Ecuador, whereas Ghana is penalized by the highest water consumption. The transport of beans to manufacturing plant influences mostly the GWP, owing to long travelled distances. Considering the whole production process, cocoa derivatives and milk powder are the main contributors to every impact category. From packaging point of view, the best solution is the use of a single polypropylene layer. A sensitivity analysis is performed to check the validity of different allocation procedures: both mass and energy content allocations lead to similar results.

Conclusions
Through LCA methodology, the life cycle of dark, milk and white chocolate is compared. The study assesses different potential environmental impacts, assuming mass and energy content as possible functional units and references for allocation procedures. For all combinations of functional units and allocation rules, dark chocolate globally presents the best environmental performance, whereas the other two types have similar environmental impacts.
Hydrocracking diversity in n-dodecane isomerization on Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodewaxing of lube base oil
Authors: Gao Shan-Bin , Zhao Zhen , Lu Xue-Feng , Chi Ke-Bin , Duan Ai-Jun , Liu Yan-Feng , Meng Xiang-Bin , Tan Ming-Wei , Yu Hong-Yue , Shen Yu-Ge , Li Meng-Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil. The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C–C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain, while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane. As a result, more than 2% of light products (gas plus naphtha) and 3% more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.
Multimodality imaging in takotsubo syndrome: a joint consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE)
Authors: Citro Rodolfo , Okura Hiroyuki , Ghadri Jelena R , Izumi Chisato , Meimoun Patrick , Izumo Masaki , Dawson Dana , Kaji Shuichiro , Eitel Ingo , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Yukari , Templin Christian , Delgado Victoria , Nakatani Satoshi , Popescu Bogdan A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a complex and still poorly recognized heart disease with a wide spectrum of possible clinical presentations. Despite its reversibility, it is associated with serious adverse in-hospital events and high complication rates during follow-up. Multimodality imaging is helpful for establishing the diagnosis, guiding therapy, and stratifying prognosis of TTS patients in both the acute and post-acute phase. Echocardiography plays a key role, particularly in the acute care setting, allowing for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and the identification of the typical apical-midventricular ballooning pattern, as well as the circumferential pattern of wall motion abnormalities. It is also useful in the early detection of complications (i.e. LV outflow tract obstruction, mitral regurgitation, right ventricular involvement, LV thrombi, and pericardial effusion) and monitoring of systolic function recovery. Left ventriculography allows the evaluation of LV function and morphology, identifying the typical TTS patterns when echocardiography is not available or wall motion abnormalities cannot be properly assessed with ultrasound. Cardiac magnetic resonance provides a more comprehensive depiction of cardiac morphology and function and tissue characterization and offers additional value to other imaging modalities for differential diagnosis (myocardial infarction and myocarditis). Coronary computed tomography angiography has a substantial role in the diagnostic workup of patients with acute chest pain and a doubtful TTS diagnosis to rule out other medical conditions. It can be considered as a non-invasive appropriate alternative to coronary angiography in several clinical scenarios. Although the role of nuclear imaging in TTS has not yet been well established, the combination of perfusion and metabolic imaging may provide useful information on myocardial function in both the acute and post-acute
phase.
Improving Colon Cancer Prevention in Poland. A Long Way Off
Authors: Obiała Karolina , Obiała Justyna , Jeziorski Krzysztof , Owoc Jakub , Mańczak Małgorzata , Olszewski Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse knowledge on colon cancer prevention among patients of primary care and identify their sources of information. The questionnaire study was conducted among patients of 36 primary healthcare clinics in Poland between September 2018 and February 2019. Patients were interviewed separately by trained researchers. Over 39% of the primary health patients declared that their knowledge about colon cancer prevention is unsatisfactory. Information about colon cancer prevention varied according to sex, age and BMI. Men declared lower level of knowledge than women: 46% of men thought it was unsatisfactory compared with 36% of women (p = 0.003). Preventive recommendations were more often provided to patients over 60 years old (p < 0.01). Overweight and obese patients were more likely to receive recommendations on diet (p < 0.001) and physical activity (p < 0.001) than patients with normal weight. The most common source of information on colon cancer prevention was Internet (68%) and medical doctors (60%). There is a need for developing colon cancer prevention policy. Crucial aspect includes educational programs aimed at improving patient’s knowledge and involving medical staff. The policymakers should pay greater attention to cancer prevention policies and medical staff involved in prevention to quality of communication to make sure patients thoroughly understand information they are provided.
Spontaneous imbibition in igneous rocks: effect of KCl concentration, confining pressure, and imbibition direction
Authors: Zhou Changlin , Li Li , Zeng Rong , Chen Weihua , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding spontaneous imbibition helps to determine the fracturing fluid volume and optimize the flowback design. At present, many studies have mainly focused on shale, but few on igneous rocks. As such, in this study, imbibition experiments were conducted on igneous rocks. The effects of KCl concentration, confining pressure, and imbibition direction on the spontaneous imbibition were systematically investigated. This study then introduces a new imbibition capacity index. The results show that KCl concentration has certain inhibitory effects on igneous rock imbibition, which reduce the absorption of clay minerals to liquid. Different imbibition directions result in distinct imbibition volumes. The co-current imbibition process is similar to fluid leak-off, but this rule is not satisfied in countercurrent imbibition, the n of which is fitted as 0.1.0.3. Increasing the confining pressure will slightly decrease the imbibition capacity of igneous rock. Rock imbibition causes a decrease in the surface hardness and physical properties of igneous rock, and increasing the KCl concentration in the fluid will effectively hinder clay swelling.
Aeroelastic behaviour of a wing with over-the-wing mounted UHBR engine
Authors: Neuert N. , Dinkler D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aeroelastic behaviour of a wing with an over-the-wing pylon-mounted ultra-high bypass ratio engine and high-lift devices is studied with a reduced-order model. Wing, pylon and engine structures are reduced separately using the modal approach and described by their natural frequencies and modes. The characteristic aerodynamic loads are investigated with steady and unsteady flow simulations of a two-dimensional profile section. These results indicate possible heave instabilities at strongly negative angles of attack. Three-dimensional effects are taken into account using an adapted lifting line theory according to Prandtl. Due to high circulations resulting from the high-lift systems, the effective angles of attack are in the range of the potential instabilities. The substructures and aerodynamic loads are coupled in modal space. For the wing without three-dimensional effects, the bending instability occurs at the corresponding negative angles of attack. Even though there is potential for improvement, including the three-dimensional effects shifts the endagered area to possible operation points.
Assessment, treatment and the importance of early intervention of childhood hoarding
Authors: Højgaard Davíð R. M. A. , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHoarding disorder (HD) is characterised by difficulties in discharging or parting with possessions irrespective of their actual value, urges to save and acquire new items and excessive clutter in living areas. There is an urgent need to advance the understanding of HD in child and adolescent populations. The aim of this paper is to cover the assessment, treatment strategies and tools currently available. In general, data on assessment of paediatric HD are scant. Only one psychometrically sound scale, the Child Savings Inventory, which is a parent-rated scale used to assess the severity of hoarding symptoms, was found. However, this scale is not sufficient to produce a diagnosis of HD. Regarding treatment, there was only a limited number of case studies suggesting the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy that includes exposure to discarding and not collecting new items, using contingency management for exposure and oppositional behaviour, cognitive training and instructing parents to assist with home-based exposures. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for properly validated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders assessment tools, and we encourage practitioners and researchers to develop and test a Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol for paediatric HD based on the aforementioned components.
Between demonstrative and definite: A grammar competition model of the evolution of French l-determiners
Authors: Simonenko Alexandra , Carlier Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the spread of the le/la/les-forms in the diachrony of French on the basis of large-scale corpora. It focuses on the issue of their “mixed” distribution viz. the observation that during a long period of time the le/la/les-forms in French do not pattern as either (anaphoric) demonstratives from which they originate (Late Latin ille), nor as (uniqueness-based) definites, which they end up becoming in Modern French. We model the phenomenon as a competition between two grammars which ascribe different Logical Forms to the l-forms and test model predictions in contexts which differ with respect to whether they satisfy the relevant conditions for either demonstrative or definite semantics. We also suggest that this change was part of a larger change involving the spread of presupposition triggers within noun phrases. We show that our model correctly predicts the relative rates of determiner spread in various contexts.
Biomarkers and indoor air quality: A translational research review
Authors: Senerat Araliya M. , Manemann Sheila M. , Clements Nicholas S. , Brook Robert D. , Hassett Leslie C. , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Air pollution is linked to mortality and morbidity. Since humans spend nearly all their time indoors, improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is a compelling approach to mitigate air pollutant exposure. To assess interventions, relying on clinical outcomes may require prolonged follow-up, which hinders feasibility. Thus, identifying biomarkers that respond to changes in IAQ may be useful to assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Methods:
We conducted a narrative review by searching several databases to identify studies published over the last decade that measured the response of blood, urine, and/or salivary biomarkers to variations (natural and intervention-induced) of changes in indoor air pollutant exposure.

Results:
Numerous studies reported on associations between IAQ exposures and biomarkers with heterogeneity across study designs and methods. This review summarizes the responses of 113 biomarkers described in 30 articles. The biomarkers which most frequently responded to variations in indoor air pollutant exposures were high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP).

Conclusions:
This review will guide the selection of biomarkers for translational studies evaluating the impact of indoor air pollutants on human health.
Comparison of regression imputation methods of baseline covariates that predict survival outcomes
Authors: Solomon Nicole , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Halabi Susan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Missing data are inevitable in medical research and appropriate handling of missing data is critical for statistical estimation and making inferences. Imputation is often employed in order to maximize the amount of data available for statistical analysis and is preferred over the typically biased output of complete case analysis. This article examines several types of regression imputation of missing covariates in the prediction of time-to-event outcomes subject to right censoring.Methods:We evaluated the performance of five regression methods in the imputation of missing covariates for the proportional hazards model via summary statistics, including proportional bias and proportional mean squared error. The primary objective was to determine which among the parametric generalized linear models (GLMs) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and nonparametric multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), provides the “best” imputation model for baseline missing covariates in predicting a survival outcome.Results:LASSO on an average observed the smallest bias, mean square error, mean square prediction error, and median absolute deviation (MAD) of the final analysis model’s parameters among all five methods considered. SVM performed the second best while GLM and MARS exhibited the lowest relative performances.Conclusion:LASSO and SVM outperform GLM, MARS, and RF in the context of regression imputation for prediction of a time-to-event outcome.