bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement Relocked
Authors: Engelstein Geoffrey 
Published: March 2020

How game designers can use the psychological phenomenon of loss aversion to shape player experience.
Getting something makes you feel good, and losing something makes you feel bad. But losing something makes you feel worse than getting the same thing makes you feel good. So finding $10 is a thrill; losing $10 is a tragedy. On an “intensity of feeling” scale, loss is more intense than gain. This is the core psychological concept of loss aversion, and in this book game creator Geoffrey Engelstein explains, with examples from both tabletop and video games, how it can be a tool in game design.

Loss aversion is a profound aspect of human psychology, and directly relevant to game design; it is a tool the game designer can use to elicit particular emotions in players. Engelstein connects the psychology of loss aversion to a range of phenomena related to games, exploring, for example, the endowment effect—why, when an object is ours, it gains value over an equivalent object that is not ours—as seen in the Weighted Companion Cube in the game Portal; the framing of gains and losses to manipulate player emotions; Deal or No Deal's use of the utility theory; and regret and competence as motivations, seen in the context of legacy games. Finally, Engelstein examines the approach to Loss Aversion in three games by Uwe Rosenberg, charting the designer's increasing mastery.
Design Justice
Authors: Costanza-Chock Sasha 
Published: March 2020

An exploration of how design might be led by marginalized communities, dismantle structural inequality, and advance collective liberation and ecological survival.
What is the relationship between design, power, and social justice? “Design justice” is an approach to design that is led by marginalized communities and that aims expilcitly to challenge, rather than reproduce, structural inequalities. It has emerged from a growing community of designers in various fields who work closely with social movements and community-based organizations around the world.
This book explores the theory and practice of design justice, demonstrates how universalist design principles and practices erase certain groups of people—specifically, those who are intersectionally disadvantaged or multiply burdened under the matrix of domination (white supremacist heteropatriarchy, ableism, capitalism, and settler colonialism)—and invites readers to “build a better world, a world where many worlds fit; linked worlds of collective liberation and ecological sustainability.” Along the way, the book documents a multitude of real-world community-led design practices, each grounded in a particular social movement. Design Justice goes beyond recent calls for design for good, user-centered design, and employment diversity in the technology and design professions; it connects design to larger struggles for collective liberation and ecological survival.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched and the MIT Press Frank Urbanowski Memorial Fund.
Find Your Path
Authors: Goodman Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Scientists offer personal accounts of the challenges, struggles, successes, U-turns, and satisfactions encountered in their careers in industry, academia, and government.
This insightful book offers essential life and career lessons for newly minted STEM graduates and those seeking a career change. Thirty-six leading scientists and engineers (including two Nobel Prize winners) describe the challenges, struggles, successes, satisfactions, and U-turns encountered as they established their careers. Readers learn that there are professional possibilities beyond academia, as contributors describe the paths that took them into private industry and government as well as to college and university campuses. They discuss their varying preferences for solitary research or collaborative teamwork; their attempts to achieve work-life balance; and unplanned changes in direction that resulted in a more satisfying career. Women describe confronting overt sexism and institutional gender bias; scientists of color describe the experience of being outsiders in their field.
One scientist moves from startup to startup, enjoying a career of serial challenges; another spends decades at one university; another has worked in academia, industry, and government. Some followed in the footsteps of parents; others were the first in their family to go to college. Many have changed fields, switched subjects, or left established organizations for something new. Taken together, these essays make it clear that there is not one path to a profession in science, but many.
Contributors Stephon Alexander, Norman Augustine, Wanda Austin, Kimberly Budil, Wendy Cieslak, Jay Davis, Tamara Doering, Stephen D. Fantone, Kathleen Fisher, David Galas, Kathy Gisser, Sandra Glucksmann, Daniel Goodman, Renee Horton, Richard Lethin, Christopher Loose, John Mather, Richard Miles, Paul Nielsen, Michael O'Hanlon, Deirdre Olynick, Jennifer Park, Ellen Pawlikowski, Ethan Perlstein, Richard Post, William Press, Beth Reid, Jennifer Roberts, Jessica Seeliger, David Spergel, Ellen Stofan, Daniel Theobald, Shirley Tilghman, Jami Valentine, Z. Jane Wang, Rainer Weiss
Co-Illusion
Authors: Strauss David Levi 
Published: March 2020

Reports from America's political crisis, exposing a new “iconopolitics,” in which words and images lose their connection to reality.
The political crisis that sneaked up on America—the rise of Trump and Trumpism—has revealed the rot at the core of American exceptionalism. Recent changes in the way words and images are produced and received have made the current surreality possible; communication through social media, by design, maximizes attention and minimizes scrutiny. In Co-Illusion, the noted writer on art, photography, and politics David Levi Strauss bears witness to the new “iconopolitics” in which words and images lose their connection to reality. The collusion that fueled Trump's rise was the secret agreement of voters and media consumers—their “co-illusion”—to set aside the social contract.
Strauss offers dispatches from the epicenter of our constitutional earthquake, writing first from the 2016 Democratic and Republican conventions and then from the campaign. After the election, he switches gears, writing in the voices of the regime and of those complicit in its actions—from the thoughts of the President himself (“I am not a mistake. I am not a fluke, or a bug in the system. I am the System”) to the reflections of a nameless billionaire tech CEO whose initials may or may not be M. Z. Finally, Strauss shows us how we might repair the damage to the public imaginary after Trump exits the scene. Photographs by celebrated documentary photographers Susan Meiselas and Peter van Agtmael accompany the texts.
Geostatistical Modelling of Groundwater Quality at Rumuola Community, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Amah Victor E. , Agu Fortune A. 
Published: March 2020

The groundwater quality of Rumuola community of Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated. This study was done to determine the pollution potential of a solid waste open dump in a borrow pit in the community. The leachate pollution index was calculated for the borrow pit at the centre of the community using weighted additive leachate pollution index. The result showed that the LPI value was 5.31 and has low pollution potential. It was discovered that the groundwater in the entire community was acidic with pH levels ranging from 3.6 to 4.2, which is below NSDWQ’s permissible range of 6.5-8.5. Nickel and arsenic also showed concentrations that were above permissible limits with nickel values averaging 0.033 mg/l which is slightly above the limit of 0.02 mg/l. Arsenic had concentrations that ranged from 0.16 to 1.57 mg/l which is above permissible limits of 0.01 mg/l. WQI was determined using weighted arithmetic water quality index analysis. As a result of the high concentrations of arsenic, the WQI values were very high with values ranging from 144 to 1367 and this shows that the water in the study area is unsuitable for drinking. In modelling the water quality index of Rumuola community, geostatistical methods were applied. Ordinary kriging, Empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), inverse distance weighting (IDW) and cokriging interpolations methods were used to produce surface maps showing the distribution of variables using ARCGIS software. The best interpolators were: EBK for pH, TDS, Sulphate and nitrate; Ordinary kriging for Nickel and Hardness; IDW for Iron and arsenic; Cokriging for WQI.
Effect of Storage Temperatures on Phenotypic and Gene Expression of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes
Authors: Olawuyi Odunayo Joseph , Chikeluba Onyinye Mirian , Akanmu Akinlolu Olalekan 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Maize is an important cereal grown globally across wide range of altitude and latitude. Temperature is one of the factors that affect the viability of maize under storage conditions.
Aim: This study, therefore, assessed the effect of different temperature storage levels on the morphological characters and molecular variability of maize genotypes.
Materials and Methods: The seeds of maize genotypes: TZLCOMP4C3, EVDT-W200STRCO, POP66SR/ACR94, POOL18SR QPM, TZM 132, TZM 1291, EVDT- Y2008 STR and TZM 1326 obtained from the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB) Ibadan were stored at different temperature conditions of -80°C, -20°C, 5°C, 50°C, and 25°C for 6 hours. The stored maize was sown in perforated polythene bags containing 7 kg of soil and replicated thrice in a complete randomized design. The molecular variability was also investigated on the maize genotypes stored under the varying temperatures. The effect of storage temperature was significantly higher at 50°C for all growth characters but was not significant at -80°C.
Results: The genotypic effect on the growth characters was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in TZM 132 with plant height (99.09 cm), leaf length (46.54 cm), leaf width (3.05 cm), number of leaves (6.25) and stem length (50.12 cm). The contribution of principal component axis (PCA) showed that PC 1 had the height variation with a proportion of 47.17% and eigen value of 2.83 across the growth characters. Molecular evaluation showed that EVDT-W200STRCO had the highest DNA concentration of 4885.7 ng/μl at storage temperature of 25°C, while EVDT-W200STCO at -20°C recorded the least DNA concentration of 26.60 ng/μl. The highest DNA concentration across the maize varieties were recorded at -20°C (POOL18SR QPM, TZM 132 and TZM 1326), 5°C (TZLCOMP4C3), 25°C (EVDT-W200STRCO and EVDT- Y2008 STR) and 50°C (POP66SR/ACR94 and TZM 1291). OPB 10 had the highest allelic no, gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 15, 0.97 and 97.0% respectively. The genetic distance matrix established relationship among the stored maize genotypes.
Conclusion: Maize seeds can therefore be stored at temperature range of -20°C to 50°C depending on the variety, without losing its viability and molecular constituents.
Soil Fertility for Sustainable Crop Production: A Case Study of Gyerentor in Kete Krachi, Oti Region of Ghana
Authors: Ababio Felix O. , Sadick Adams , Prince Gyekye M. , Edward Calys-Tagoe 
Published: March 2020

Soil fertility management is important for sustainable crop production. In the bid to boost the agricultural development in Ghana, Krachi Farm Ltd, identified Gyerentor in Kete Krachi within the West District of the Oti Region, formally Volta Region as a potential area for cashew, cowpea, maize and mango production. However, the fertility status of the soil is not known hence the assessment of the suitability of the soil for the above crop production. 30 soil samples were collected randomly from depths of 0-30 and 30-50 cm. Soil sampling points were identified using a GPS device. Following standard methods adopted by Laboratory Analytical Services Department of Soil Research Institute, Ghana, the collected soil samples were analyzed to find out their texture, pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and available phosphorus (P). The soil was acidic with the mean value of 4.5 in the topsoil, OM (1.0%), Ca (2.1 me/100 g), mg (0.8 me/100 g), K (0.3 me/100 g) and P (4.6 ppm). The soil texture was sandy loam and sandy clay loam. The fertility of the soil was low in almost all the studied parameters, especially with respect to OM and the NPK levels. Assessment for various land utilization type (LUT) types did not find it suitable for cashew, cowpea, maize and mango especially due to the extremely acidic condition.
Health Insurance and Healthcare Quality: A Comparative Study between Insured and Uninsured Patients at a Teaching Hospital in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Daramola O. E. , Oderinde A. F. , Anene C. M. , Abu J. M. , Akande T. M. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Patients’ perception of the quality of care is essential in assessing health services and feedbacks from patient satisfaction surveys are useful in healthcare quality improvements.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done to evaluate satisfaction with the quality of care among insured patients under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and uninsured (Out-of-Pocket paying) patients at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 115 respondents from each group selected by systematic random sampling; using self-administered questionnaires. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.
Results: The overall mean satisfaction for the uninsured group (73.1 ± 7.2) was higher than that of the insured group (71.2 ± 7.5). However, the difference was not statistically significant, p = 0.063. The observed satisfaction levels in the various areas of services accessed among the insured and uninsured group in this study are comparable, except for the significant differences observed in satisfaction with hospital facilities and the availability of prescribed drugs, suggesting the need for the improvement of hospital facilities and availability of drugs.
Conclusion: Despite complaints about the NHIS, it is still generally preferred to out-of-pocket payment by both groups. Therefore, more efforts should be made to expand the population coverage of health insurance to allow the inclusion of more people, while the need for continuous improvement of quality health services cannot also be overemphasized.
A Memristor with Low Switching Current and Voltage for 1S1R Integration and Array Operation
Authors: Upadhyay Navnidhi K. , Sun Wen , Lin Peng , Joshi Saumil , Midya Rivu , Zhang Xumeng , Wang Zhongrui , Jiang Hao , Yoon Jung Ho , Rao Mingyi , Chi Miaofang , Xia Qiangfei , Yang J. Joshua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMemristor devices could realize their full scaling (2D) and stacking (3D) potential if vertically integrated with a two‐terminal selector in a one selector one memristor (1S1R) crossbar array. However, for a 1S1R‐integrated device to function properly, memristor and selector should be compatible in terms of their material composition and electrical properties. A platinum (Pt)/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/zirconium (Zr) memristor with low forming voltage (<1.5 V), low first reset current (150 µA), fast switching speed (2 ns), low voltage (<1 V) and current (50 µA) resistive switching operation, and multi‐conductance state capabilities is reported. A low activation energy of oxygen vacancy diffusion (Ea,diffusion = 0.7 eV) measured in the YSZ switching layer enables the proposed memristor to have the observed low‐energy operation, which renders it better compatible with a selector device than the more commonly used binary oxides. For a proof‐of‐principle demonstration, the device is vertically integrated with a tunneling selector and successfully performs memristor‐electroforming operations with the selector in a self‐compliant 1S1R integrated device. 1S1R cells into a small array (2 × 2) are further investigated and electroforming and resistive switching operations at the array level are demonstrated.
Binary (Split) Light‐up Aptameric Sensors
Authors: Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Spelkov Alexander A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis Minireview discusses the design and applications of binary (also known as split) light‐up aptameric sensors (BLAS). BLAS consist of two RNA or DNA strands and a fluorogenic organic dye added as a buffer component. When associated, the two strands form a dye‐binding site, followed by an increase in fluorescence of the aptamer‐bound dye. The design is cost‐efficient because it uses short oligonucleotides and does not require conjugation of organic dyes with nucleic acids. In some applications, BLAS design is preferable over monolithic sensors because of simpler assay optimization and improved selectivity. RNA‐based BLAS can be expressed in cells and used for the intracellular monitoring of biological molecules. BLAS have been used as reporters of nucleic acid association events in RNA nanotechnology and nucleic‐acid‐based molecular computation. Other applications of BLAS include the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells, and potentially they can be tailored to report a broad range of biological analytes.
The Kalimantacin Polyketide Antibiotics Inhibit Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting the Enoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Binding Site of FabI
Authors: Fage Christopher D. , Lathouwers Thomas , Vanmeert Michiel , Gao Ling‐Jie , Vrancken Kristof , Lammens Eveline‐Marie , Weir Angus N. M. , Degroote Ruben , Cuppens Harry , Kosol Simone , Simpson Thomas J. , Crump Matthew P. , Willis Christine L. , Herdewijn Piet , Lescrinier Eveline , Lavigne Rob , Anné Jozef , Masschelein Joleen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme FabI is essential for fatty acid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus and represents a promising target for the development of novel, urgently needed anti‐staphylococcal agents. Here, we elucidate the mode of action of the kalimantacin antibiotics, a novel class of FabI inhibitors with clinically‐relevant activity against multidrug‐resistant S. aureus. By combining X‐ray crystallography with molecular dynamics simulations, in vitro kinetic studies and chemical derivatization experiments, we characterize the interaction between the antibiotics and their target, and we demonstrate that the kalimantacins bind in a unique conformation that differs significantly from the binding mode of other known FabI inhibitors. We also investigate mechanisms of acquired resistance in S. aureus and identify key residues in FabI that stabilize the binding of the antibiotics. Our findings provide intriguing insights into the mode of action of a novel class of FabI inhibitors that will inspire future anti‐staphylococcal drug development.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Authors: Joalland Baptiste , Ariyasingha Nuwandi M. , Lehmkuhl Sören , Theis Thomas , Appelt Stephan , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadio amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) was recently discovered in a low‐field NMR spectrometer incorporating a highly specialized radio‐frequency resonator, where a high degree of proton‐spin polarization was achieved by reversible parahydrogen exchange. RASER activity, which results from the coherent coupling between the nuclear spins and the inductive detector, can overcome the limits of frequency resolution in NMR. Here we show that this phenomenon is not limited to low magnetic fields or the use of resonators with high‐quality factors. We use a commercial bench‐top 1.4 T NMR spectrometer in conjunction with pairwise parahydrogen addition producing proton‐hyperpolarized molecules in the Earth's magnetic field (ALTADENA condition) or in a high magnetic field (PASADENA condition) to induce RASER without any radio‐frequency excitation pulses. The results demonstrate that RASER activity can be observed on virtually any NMR spectrometer and measures most of the important NMR parameters with high precision.
Cyclometalated Gold(III)‐Hydride Complexes Exhibit Visible Light‐Induced Thiol Reactivity and Act as Potent Photo‐Activated Anti‐Cancer Agents
Authors: Luo Hejiang , Cao Bei , Chan Albert S. C. , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Zou Taotao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe specific gold‐sulfur binding interaction renders gold complexes as promising anti‐cancer agents that can potentially overcome cisplatin resistance; while their unbiased binding towards non‐tumoral off‐target thiol‐proteins has posed a big hurdle to clinical application. Herein we report that cyclometalated gold(III) complexes bearing hydride ligands are highly stable towards thiols in the dark but can efficiently dissociate the auxiliary hydride moiety and generate a gold‐thiol adduct when excited with visible light. In consequence, the photo‐activated gold(III) complexes potently inhibited thioredoxin reductase in association with up to >400‐fold increment of photocytotoxicity (vs. dark condition) without deactivation by serum albumin and along with strong anti‐angiogenesis activity in zebrafish embryos. Importantly, the gold(III)‐hydride complexes could be activated by two‐photon laser irradiation at the phototherapeutic window as effectively as blue‐light irradiation.
Dynamic Spatial Formation and Distribution of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Droplets in Macromolecularly Crowded Protocells
Authors: Zhao Hang , Ibrahimova Vusala , Garanger Elisabeth , Lecommandoux Sébastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) have been proposed as a simple model of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which can form membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Herein, the behavior of fluorescently labeled ELP is studied in cytomimetic aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) encapsulated protocells that are formed using microfluidics, which enabled confinement, changes in temperature, and statistical analysis. The spatial organization of ELP could be observed in the ATPS. Furthermore, changes in temperature triggered the dynamic formation and distribution of ELP‐rich droplets within the ATPS, resulting from changes in conformation. Proteins were encapsulated along with ELP in the synthetic protocells and distinct partitioning properties of these proteins and ELP in the ATPS were observed. Therefore, the ability of ELP to coacervate with temperature can be maintained inside a cell‐mimicking system.
Photochemische Transformationen mit Iodazid nach Freisetzung von einem Ionenaustauscherharz
Authors: Kösel Teresa , Schulz Göran , Dräger Gerald , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDie photochemische, homolytische Spaltung von Iodazid nach der Freisetzung von polymergebundenen Bisazidoiodat(I)‐Anionen wird beschrieben. Das Azidradikal lässt sich in einer Reihe von Radikalreaktionen einsetzen, darunter die 1,2‐Funktionalisierung von Alkenen und die bislang noch nicht beschriebene chemoselektive Oxidation von sekundären Alkoholen in Gegenwart von primären Alkoholen.
Isolation and Structural Characterization of Eightfold Protonated Octacyanometalates [M(CNH)8]4+ (M=MoIV, WIV) from Superacids
Authors: Sellin Malte , Marvaud Valérie , Malischewski Moritz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOctacyanometalates K4[Mo(CN)8] and K4[W(CN)8] are completely protonated in superacidic mixtures of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride. The resulting hydrogen isocyanide complexes [Mo(CNH)8]4+ [SbF6]−4 and [W(CNH)8]4+ [SbF6]−4 are the first examples of eight‐coordinate homoleptic metal complexes containing hydrogen isocyanide (CNH) ligands. The complexes were crystallographically characterized, revealing hydrogen‐bonded networks with short N⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅F contacts. Low‐temperature NMR measurements in HF confirmed rapid proton exchange even at −40 °C. Upon protonation, ν(C≡N) increases of about 50 cm−1 which is in agreement with DFT calculations.