bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram based on CT images and 3D texture analysis for preoperative prediction of the malignant potential in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Ren Caiyue , Wang Shengping , Zhang Shengjian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system, are treated varyingly according to the malignancy. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a nomogram for preoperative prediction of the malignant potential in patients with GIST.MethodsA total of 440 patients with pathologically confirmed GIST after surgery in our hospital from January 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They were randomly divided into the training set (n = 308) and validation set (n = 132). CT signs and texture features of each patient were analyzed and predictive model were developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression. Then a nomogram based on selected parameters was developed. The predictive effectiveness of nomogram was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots were formulated to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the nomogram by bootstrapping based on internal (training set) and external (validation set) validity. The clinical application value of the nomogram was determined through the decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsTotally 156 GIST patients with low-malignant (very low and low risk) and 284 ones with high-malignant potential (intermediate and high risk) are enrolled in this study. The prediction nomogram consisting of size, cystoid variation and meanValue had an excellent discrimination both in training and validation sets (AUCs (95% confidence interval(CI)): 0.935 (0.908, 0.961), 0.933 (0.892, 0.974); C-indices (95% CI): 0.941 (0.912, 0.956), 0.935 (0.901, 0.982); sensitivity: 81.4, 90.6%; specificity: 75.0, 75.7%; accuracy: 88.0, 88.6%, respectively). The calibration curves indicated a good consistency between the actual observation and nomogram prediction for differentiating GIST malignancy. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionThis study presents a prediction nomogram that incorporates the CT signs and texture parameter, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the preoperative individualized prediction of malignancy in GIST patients.
Quantification of tumor burden in multiple myeloma by atlas-based semi-automatic segmentation of WB-DWI
Authors: Almeida Sílvia D. , Santinha João , Oliveira Francisco P. M. , Ip Joana , Lisitskaya Maria , Lourenço João , Uysal Aycan , Matos Celso , João Cristina , Papanikolaou Nikolaos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) has proven value to detect multiple myeloma (MM) lesions. However, the large volume of imaging data and the presence of numerous lesions makes the reading process challenging. The aim of the current study was to develop a semi-automatic lesion segmentation algorithm for WB-DWI images in MM patients and to evaluate this smart-algorithm (SA) performance by comparing it to the manual segmentations performed by radiologists.

Methods
An atlas-based segmentation was developed to remove the high-signal intensity normal tissues on WB-DWI and to restrict the lesion area to the skeleton. Then, an outlier threshold-based segmentation was applied to WB-DWI images, and the segmented area’s signal intensity was compared to the average signal intensity of a low-fat muscle on T1-weighted images. This method was validated in 22 whole-body DWI images of patients diagnosed with MM. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were computed to evaluate the SA performance against the gold standard (GS) and to compare with the radiologists. A non-parametric Wilcoxon test was also performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram metrics and lesion volume were extracted for the GS segmentation and for the correctly identified lesions by SA and their correlation was assessed.

Results
The mean inter-radiologists DSC was 0.323 ± 0.268. The SA vs GS achieved a DSC of 0.274 ± 0.227, sensitivity of 0.764 ± 0.276 and PPV 0.217 ± 0.207. Its distribution was not significantly different from the mean DSC of inter-radiologist segmentation (p = 0.108, Wilcoxon test). ADC and lesion volume intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the GS and of the correctly identified lesions by the SA was 0.996 for the median and 0.894 for the lesion volume (p < 0.001). The duration of the lesion volume segmentation by the SA was, on average, 10.22 ± 0.86 min, per patient.

Conclusions
The SA provides equally reproducible segmentation results when compared to the manual segmentation of radiologists. Thus, the proposed method offers robust and efficient segmentation of MM lesions on WB-DWI. This method may aid accurate assessment of tumor burden and therefore provide insights to treatment response assessment.
Use of argatroban in combination with nafamostat mesilate in open-heart surgery for a pediatric patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II: a case report
Authors: Kawamoto Shuji , Kusudo Eriko , Fukuda Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) is a rare, immune-mediated complication of heparin therapy and can cause life-threatening thromboembolism. However, perioperative anticoagulation therapy for patients with a complication of HIT II has not been established.

Case presentation
A 6-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot underwent radical intracardiac repair with administration of argatroban at 1 year old due to positive HIT antibody. Reoperation was scheduled for pulmonary valve insufficiency, using argatroban and nafamostat mesilate as anticoagulants. Argatroban has a long onset time and the activated coagulation time (ACT) requires 7–26 h to return to the preadministration level, making hemorrhage control difficult, while half-life of nafamostat mesilate is shorter than that of argatroban. Celite ACT reflects the effects of both argatroban and nafamostat mesilate, but kaolin ACT reflects only the effect of argatroban. Due to the early termination of argatroban administration based on Celite and kaolin ACTs, ACT recovered to ≤ 200 s at 5 h after the end of argatroban administration.

Conclusion
Celite and kaolin ACTs can be used as markers to obtain close control of the required dose of argatroban in combination with nafamostat mesilate for the management of HIT II patients.
Toward the realization of cardiac regenerative medicine using pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kishino Yoshikazu , Fujita Jun , Tohyama Shugo , Okada Marina , Tanosaki Sho , Someya Shota , Fukuda Keiichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeart transplantation (HT) is the only radical treatment available for patients with end-stage heart failure that is refractory to optimal medical treatment and device therapies. However, HT as a therapeutic option is limited by marked donor shortage. To overcome this difficulty, regenerative medicine using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has drawn increasing attention as an alternative to HT.Several issues including the preparation of clinical-grade hiPSCs, methods for large-scale culture and production of hiPSCs and cardiomyocytes, prevention of tumorigenesis secondary to contamination of undifferentiated stem cells and non-cardiomyocytes, and establishment of an effective transplantation strategy need to be addressed to fulfill this unmet medical need. The ongoing rapid technological advances in hiPSC research have been directed toward the clinical application of this technology, and currently, most issues have been satisfactorily addressed. Cell therapy using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is expected to serve as an integral component of realistic medicine in the near future and is being potentially viewed as a treatment that would revolutionize the management of patients with severe heart failure.
The association between Toxoplasma gondii and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human case-control studies
Authors: Molan Aus , Nosaka Kazunori , Hunter Michael , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
An emerging field of research is examining the association of infectious and environmental pathogens with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An understudied pathogen of interest is the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between T. gondii infection and T2DM. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the currently available T. gondii seroprevalence data from case-control studies looking at subjects with T2DM in comparison to healthy controls to estimate the risk of T2DM.

Methods
Ten electronic databases were searched using specific Medical Subject Headings terms without language or date restrictions. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine odds ratios with statistical significance being set at 5.0%.

Results
Ten publications reporting T. gondii seroprevalence from 4072 subjects met the eligibility criteria. Seven of these studies reported a significant association between T. gondii infection and T2DM (p < 0.05). The overall weighted prevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects with T2DM was 47.8% (range 6.4–65.1%) in comparison to 25.9% (range 3.2–59.0%) of healthy controls (p < 0.001). The common odds ratio, calculated using a random effects model, was 2.32 (95% CI 1.66–3.24, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
T. gondii infection should continue to be regarded as a possible contributing factor in T2DM disease development. Further studies that include inflammatory biomarker analysis are warranted to determine the specific role of this parasite in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Influence of Preexisting Diabetes on Survival After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis in First Nations Women in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sheppard Amanda J. , Chiarelli Anna M. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Marrett Loraine D. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE Survival after a breast cancer diagnosis is poorer in First Nations women with a preexisting comorbidity compared with comorbidity-free First Nations women in Ontario, Canada. Given the high prevalence of diabetes in this population, it is important to determine whether preexisting diabetes is related to poorer survival after a breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS All First Nations women were identified from a cohort of First Nations people diagnosed with breast cancer in diagnostic periods—1995 to 1999 and 2000 to 2004—and seen at a regional cancer program (RCP) in Ontario. Preexisting diabetes status and other factors, such as age at diagnosis, body mass index, and stage at diagnosis, were collected from medical charts at the regional cancer programs. The association between preexisting diabetes and First Nations status was examined by each of the demographic, personal, tumor, and treatment factors using logistic regression models. Survival was compared between First Nations women with (n = 67) and without (n = 215) preexisting diabetes, adjusted by significant study factors using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The 5-year survival rate among First Nations women with diabetes was 59.8% versus 78.7% among those without diabetes ( P < .01). Preexisting diabetes significantly increased the risk of death among First Nations women with breast cancer (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.13) after adjustment for age group, period of diagnosis, body mass index, other comorbidities at diagnosis, and stage. CONCLUSION This study recommends awareness of this survival discrepancy among the treatment team for First Nations patients with breast cancer with preexisting diabetes.
Sharing Wisdom, Sharing Hope: Strategies Used by Native American Cancer Survivors to Restore Quality of Life
Authors: Bastian Tiana D. , Burhansstipanov Linda 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of Native American cancer survivors in navigating life after cancer and what resources and strategies survivors found useful for coping and achieving optimal quality of life (QoL) after diagnosis (the terms “Native Americans” and “Natives” are used interchangeably in this article to describe American Indians and Alaska Natives). The research questions were What advice and words of wisdom do Native cancer survivors prioritize in messages to other Native cancer survivors? and What do those messages reveal about how Native cancer survivors interpret, experience, and restore QoL after diagnosis? METHODS This study used a qualitative phenomenologic descriptive study design. Researchers used thematic analysis to identify themes related to peer advice and QoL from transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 52 geographically and clinically diverse Native cancer survivors in the United States. RESULTS Survivors’ lived experiences directly informed their advice to other survivors, which was characterized by four themes: listen to your body, advocate for yourself, embrace your culture and spirituality, and share your story. A deeper look into the origins of those messages revealed challenges survivors face balancing their responsibility to care for themselves while simultaneously embracing cultural values of selflessness. CONCLUSION Providers and researchers should work with Native cancer survivors to identify and leverage existing community strengths in ways that support all aspects of a survivors’ QoL rather than limiting support to a single QoL domain (eg, physical, spiritual, mental/emotional, or social issues). Interventions should ensure that supports and services align with survivors’ cultural values and attend to competing responsibilities to optimize QoL.
Suppressor of fused controls cerebellum granule cell proliferation by suppressing Fgf8 and spatially regulating Gli proteins
Authors: Jiwani Tayyaba , Kim Jinny J. , Rosenblum Norman D. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Cerebellar granule cell (GC) development relies on precise regulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh)-Gli signalling activity, failure of which is associated with motor disorders and medulloblastoma. Mutations in the pathway regulator suppressor of fused (Sufu), which modulates Gli activators and repressors, are linked to cerebellar dysfunction and tumourigenesis. The mechanism by which Sufu calibrates Shh signalling in GCs is unknown. Math1-Cre-mediated deletion of Sufu in mouse GC progenitors (GCPs) demonstrated that Sufu restricts GCP proliferation and promotes cell cycle exit, by promoting expression of Gli3R and suppressing Gli2 levels. Sufu is also required to promote a high threshold of pathway activity in GCPs. Remarkably, central cerebellar lobules are more deleteriously impacted by Sufu deletion, but are less sensitive to downstream genetic manipulations to reduce Gli2 expression or overexpress a Gli3R mimic, compared with anterior lobules. Transcriptome sequencing uncovered new Sufu targets, especially Fgf8, which is upregulated in Sufu-mutant GCPs. We demonstrate that Fgf8 is necessary and sufficient to drive Sufu-mutant GCP proliferation. This study reveals new insights into the spatial and temporal regulation of cerebellar Shh-Gli signalling, while uncovering new targets, such as Fgf8.
Mechanism of control of F-actin cortex architecture by SWAP-70
Authors: Betaneli Viktoria , Jessberger Rolf 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
F-actin binding and bundling are crucial to a plethora of cell processes, including morphogenesis, migration, adhesion and many others. SWAP-70 was recently described as an in vitro F-actin-binding and -bundling protein. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy measurements with purified recombinant SWAP-70 confirmed that it forms stable oligomers that facilitate F-actin bundling. However, it remained unclear how SWAP-70 oligomerization and F-actin binding are controlled in living cells. We addressed this by biophysical approaches, including seFRET, FACS-FRET and FLIM-FRET. PIP3-mediated association with the cytoplasmic membrane and non-phosphorylated Y426 are required for SWAP-70 to dimerize and to bind F-actin. The dimerization region was identified near the C terminus where R546 is required for dimerization and, thus, F-actin bundling. The in vitro and in vivo data presented here reveal the functional relationship between the cytoplasm-to-membrane translocation and dimerization of SWAP-70, and F-actin binding and bundling, and demonstrate that SWAP-70 is a finely controlled modulator of membrane-proximal F-actin dynamics.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
LAX28 is required for the stable assembly of the inner dynein arm f complex, and the tether and tether head complex in Leishmania flagella
Authors: Beneke Tom , Banecki Katherine , Fochler Sophia , Gluenz Eva 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Motile eukaryotic flagella beat through coordinated activity of dynein motor proteins; however, the mechanisms of dynein coordination and regulation are incompletely understood. The inner dynein arm (IDA) f complex (also known as the I1 complex), and the tether and tether head (T/TH) complex are thought to be key regulators of dynein action but, unlike the IDA f complex, T/TH proteins remain poorly characterised. Here, we characterised T/TH-associated proteins in the protist Leishmania mexicana. Proteome analysis of axonemes from null mutants for the CFAP44 T/TH protein showed that they lacked the IDA f protein IC140 and a novel 28-kDa axonemal protein, LAX28. Sequence analysis identified similarities between LAX28 and the uncharacterised human sperm tail protein TEX47, both sharing features with sensory BLUF-domain-containing proteins. Leishmania lacking LAX28, CFAP44 or IC140 retained some motility, albeit with reduced swimming speed and directionality and a propensity for flagellar curling. Expression of tagged proteins in different null mutant backgrounds showed that the axonemal localisation of LAX28 requires CFAP44 and IC140, and the axonemal localisations of CFAP44 and IC140 both depend on LAX28. These data demonstrate a role for LAX28 in motility and show mutual dependencies of IDA f and T/TH-associated proteins for axonemal assembly in Leishmania.
Metafory konceptualne: fenomeny umysłu czy konstrukty kognitywistyczne? Cz. I
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: January 2020

Conceptual Metaphors: Phenomena of the Mind or Cognitive Constructs? Part I
The author considers the psychological reality of models in contemporary cognitive linguistics. The initial hypothesis is that the programmatic assumption of cognitive linguistics, i.e. the fact that linguistic activity is programmed in the mind by ambivalent, monomodular conceptual categories or gestalts, is not realized in research practice: in reality we are dealing with different versions of constructivism, i.e. speculative generation of theoretical models that cannot be used to explain linguistic facts. This general assumption is verified with reference to the theory of conceptual metaphors by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson (1980). The author presents six arguments that metaphoric models economy is a substance or emotion is a hot fluid in a container do not reflect the real linguistic or mental activities of the subjects. The author refers to numerous scientific sources as well as empirical material of Slavonic languages.
Parietal cell/oncocytic gastric carcinoma: systematic review and first-time assessment of HER2 status in two new cases
Authors: Mavroeidis VK , Gkegkes ID , Saffioti F , Kandilaris K , Alexiou K , Horti M , Economou N , Demonakou M 
Published: January 2020

Introduction Parietal cell/oncocytic gastric carcinomas are very rare and various aspects of this group remain unclear. The human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of these tumours is largely unknown. Methods We performed a systematic electronic search of the literature and clinicopathological presentation of two cases including first-time complete assessment of HER2 status. Thirty-two patients with a mean age of 64.3 years, 87.5% of whom were male, were included in this review. Findings Half of the cases were recorded in Asia. Median follow-up was 24 months. There was no predominant site of development, while underlying histological abnormalities were present in 25%. At initial presentation, lymph node involvement was evident in 46.6% while distant metastatic disease was present in 9.3%. Presentation at stage I occurred in 55.6%. Potentially curative surgical/interventional treatment was intended in 90.6%. Recurrence occurred in 6.6%, while death was recorded in 19.2%, with cancer-related deaths reaching 11.5%. The one- and three-year survival rates were 84.2% and 79%, respectively. Our two cases displayed negative HER2 expression. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrates that this group of malignancies is very rare but possibly underdiagnosed. The disease commonly presents at early stage, mainly affecting middle-aged men. The prognosis is generally favourable even in cases of advanced disease. The HER2 expression and its correlation with the outcomes need to be further explored.
Precise length definition of active GaAs-based optoelectronic devices for low-loss silicon photonics integration
Authors: Tuorila Heidi , Viheriälä Jukka , Zia Nouman , Cherchi Matteo , Harjanne Mikko , Isoaho Riku , Aalto Timo , Guina Mircea 
Published: January 2020

The length variation associated with standard cleaving of III–V optoelectronic chips is a major source of loss in the integration with the micron-scale silicon-on-insulator waveguides. To this end, a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for precise definition of the III–V chip length is reported. The method employs lithography and wet etching of cleave marks outside the active III–V waveguides. The marks follow a specific crystallographic orientation and are used to initiate and guide the cleaving process. Besides minimizing the air gap between the butt-coupled III–V and Si waveguides and hence minimizing the coupling losses, the use of precisely defined length significantly improves the integration yield owing to the increased length uniformity. We apply this technique to defining the lengths of GaAs-based semiconductor optical amplifiers and demonstrate length control with an accuracy better than 250 nm per facet. This variation is more than 1 order of magnitude smaller than with the traditional cleaving methods, resulting in improvement of coupling by several dBs.
Silicon-based high-responsivity GeSn short-wave infrared heterojunction phototransistors with a floating base
Authors: Hung Wei-Ting , Barshilia Devesh , Basu Rikmantra , Cheng H. H. , Chang Guo-En 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate silicon-basedp-n-pfloating-base GeSn heterojunction phototransistors with enhanced optical responsivity for efficient short-wave infrared (SWIR) photodetection. The narrow-bandgap GeSn active layer sandwiched between thep-Gecollector andn-Gebase effectively extends the photodetection range in the SWIR range, and the internal gain amplifies the optical response by a factor of more than three at a low driving voltage of 0.4 V compared to that of a reference GeSnp-i-nphotodetector (PD). We anticipate that our findings will be leveraged to realize complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible, sensitive, low driving voltage SWIR PDs in a wide range of applications.