bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theology amidst Wickedness: Is African Theology Equipped to Address Intractable Societal Issues?
Authors: Sakupapa Teddy Chalwe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In light of scholarly debates on the wicked problems framework, this contribution offers an appraisal of the role of theology in an African context characterized by myriad wicked problems. I argue that within the (South) African context, the decolonization of theology is indispensable for doing theology that is self-consciously contextual and therefore responsive to societal issues. This is crucial not least because of the widely recognized public role of religion in Africa. Drawing on the analytical framework of decoloniality and the theoretical concept of wicked problems, I will argue that although the category of wicked problems emerged within the framework of the intellectual world of the Northern Hemisphere, its analytical capacity is no less significant for contemporary African theological discourse on decoloniality.
Wicked Problems: Background and Current State
Authors: Pashkevich Natallia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of wicked problems has inspired researchers in a variety of research fields, but it has also led to various discussions on, for instance, conceptual confusion and ways to tackle such complex problems. Many contemporary problems can be characterized as wicked problems: their nature is complex and there is no one best possible way to solve them. During the last decades, many insights have been developed to define characteristics of wicked problems and ways to tackle them. At present, however, we need to examine the actionable knowledge accumulated in the literature to address the challenges that wicked problems create. Given the above, this introductory paper summarizes how wicked problems have evolved, what we have already learnt about them, and what scientific insights are needed to move forward. This systematic review can provide new knowledge that can lead to the development and subsequent evaluation of the wicked problems research area.
‘True crime’ stories and psychiatrists’ ethical responsibilities
Authors: Scott Russ , Robertson Michael , Freckelton QC Ian 
Published: November 2020

Objective: In May 2018, a small paperback book was published, which briefly described 10 cases of persons charged with murder whom an Australian psychiatrist had assessed for the court. This article considers the ethical issues raised by identifying both the persons charged with murder and their victims in newspaper articles and interviews to promote a book. Conclusions: When persons who have committed homicide are named in a ‘true crime’ book, their recovery trajectory may be prejudiced and the families of their victims may be re-traumatised. Such publications may also contribute to the stigmatisation of persons with mental illness who commit serious offences. Respect for the dignity of the person is fundamental to the ethical practice of forensic report-writing. There can never be any implied agreement or consent that a psychiatrist who writes a report for the court can also use the material in a book written for profit. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Code of Ethics includes several principles relevant to psychiatrists who write medico-legal reports. Psychiatrists should carefully consider the ethical issues raised in publishing outside of textbooks and professional journals and engaging with the lay media.
Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Piscitello Gina M. , Fukushima Corinna M. , Saulitis Anna K. , Tian Katherine T. , Hwang Jennifer , Gupta Shreya , Sheldon Mark 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic limit in-person family meetings for hospitalized patients. We aimed to evaluate the quantity of family meetings by telephone, video and in-person during the COVID-19 pandemic by manual chart review. Secondary outcomes included rate of change in patient goals of care between video and in-person meetings, the timing of family meetings, and variability in meetings by race and ethnicity. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients admitted to the intensive care unit at an urban academic hospital between March and June 2020. Patients lacking decision-making capacity and receiving a referral for a video meeting were included in this study. Results: Most patients meeting inclusion criteria (N = 61/481, 13%) had COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 57/61, 93%). A total of 650 documented family meetings occurred. Few occurred in-person (n = 70/650, 11%) or discussed goals of care (n = 233/650, 36%). For meetings discussing goals of care, changes in patient goals of care occurred more often for in-person meetings rather than by video (36% vs. 11%, p = 0.0006). The average time to the first goals of care family meeting was 11.4 days from admission. More documented telephone meetings per admission were observed for White (10.5, SD 9.5) and Black/African-American (7.1, SD 6.6) patients compared to Hispanic or Latino patients (4.9, SD 4.9) (p = 0.02). Conclusions: During this period of strict visitor restrictions, few family meetings occurred in-person. Statistically significant fewer changes in patient goals of care occurred following video meetings compared to in-person meetings, providing support limiting in-person meetings may affect patient care.
Risk and outcomes of coronavirus disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Anupam Kumar , Jena Anuraag , Kumar‐M Praveen , Sharma Vishal , Sebastian Shaji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in inflammatory bowel disease are unclear.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase with the keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and COVID‐19, novel coronavirus and SARS‐CoV‐2. We included studies reporting the frequency of COVID‐19 infection and outcomes (hospitalisation, need for intensive care unit care and mortality) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We estimated the pooled incidence of COVID‐19 in inflammatory bowel disease and comparative risk vis‐a‐vis the general population. We also estimated the pooled frequency of outcomes and compared them in patients who received and did not receive drugs for inflammatory bowel disease.ResultsTwenty‐four studies were included. The pooled incidence rate of COVID‐19 per 1000 patients of inflammatory bowel disease and the general population were 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI, 1.44–11.17]) and 6.59 [3.25–13.35], respectively, with no increase in relative risk (0.47, 0.18–1.26) in inflammatory bowel disease. The relative risk of the acquisition of COVID‐19 was not different between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1.03, 0.62–1.71). The pooled proportion of COVID‐19‐positive inflammatory bowel disease patients requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit care was 27.29% and 5.33% while pooled mortality was 4.27%. The risk of adverse outcomes was higher in ulcerative colitis compared to Crohn's disease. The relative risks of hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission and mortality were lower for patients on biological agents (0.34, 0.19–0.61; 0.49, 0.33–0.72 and 0.22, 0.13–0.38, respectively) but higher with steroids (1.99, 1.64–2.40; 3.41, 2.28–5.11 and 2.70, 1.61–4.55) or 5‐aminosalicylate (1.59, 1.39–1.82; 2.38, 1.26–4.48 and 2.62, 1.67–4.11) use.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 infection risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is comparable to the general population. Outcomes of COVID‐19‐positive inflammatory bowel disease patients are worse in ulcerative colitis, those on steroids or 5‐aminosalicylates but outcomes are better with biological agents.
Effect of Foot-Planting Strategy on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading in Women During a Direction Diversion Maneuver: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach
Authors: Lee Jusung , Pathak Prabhat , Panday Siddhartha Bikram , Moon Jeheon 
Published: November 2020

Background: Although there is a higher prevalence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries during a direction diversion maneuver (DDM), no previous studies have reported how foot-planting strategies affect ACL loading. Purpose: To investigate the effect of foot-planting strategies on ACL loading in women during a DDM task using a musculoskeletal modeling approach. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 female participants performed a DDM task, which involved running at 4.5 ± 0.2 m/s and turning left at 35° to 55° under a foot-planting strategy in 3 directions: neutral, toe-in, and toe-out. Kinematic and kinetic data were measured with the use of a 3-dimensional motion capture system and force platform to calculate variables such as joint angle, shear force, and moment. Anterior ACL and posterior ACL forces were extracted using musculoskeletal modeling. Results: The peak anterior ACL force was significantly larger for the toe-out condition (31.29 ± 4.02 N/body weight [BW]) compared with the toe-in condition (25.43 ± 5.68 N/BW) ( P = .047), with no significant difference in the neutral condition. The toe-out condition had a higher knee valgus angle (2.98° ± 4.20°; P = .041), knee shear force (10.20 ± 1.69 N/BW; P = .009), and knee internal rotation moment (–0.18 ± 0.16 N·m/BW×height; P = .012) than the toe-in and neutral conditions. Conclusion: Through musculoskeletal modeling, we were able to conclude that the toe-out condition during the DDM might result in a higher risk of ACL injuries. Athletes and sports practitioners should avoid the toe-out foot-planting strategy when participating in a sporting activity. Clinical Relevance: Based on these findings, medical professionals and athletic coaches can gain knowledge on how foot-planting strategy affects ACL loading. Understanding the actual cause of an ACL injury can be useful for designing preventive training programs or strategies to decrease the risk of such injuries.
Target inhibition of galectin-3 by inhaled TD139 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Hirani Nikhil , MacKinnon Alison C. , Nicol Lisa , Ford Paul , Schambye Hans , Pedersen Anders , Nilsson Ulf J. , Leffler Hakon , Sethi Tariq , Tantawi Susan , Gravelle Lise , Slack Robert J. , Mills Ross , Karmakar Utsa , Humphries Duncan , Zetterberg Fredrik , Keeling Lucy , Paul Lyn , Molyneaux Philip L. , Li Feng , Funston Wendy , Forrest Ian A. , Simpson A. John , Gibbons Michael A. , Maher Toby M. 
Published: November 2020

Galectin (Gal)-3 is a profibrotic β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and IPF exacerbations. TD139 is a novel and potent small-molecule inhibitor of Gal-3.A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled TD139 in 36 healthy subjects and 24 patients with IPF. Six dose cohorts of six healthy subjects were evaluated (4:2 TD139:placebo ratio) with single doses of TD139 (0.15–50 mg) and three dose cohorts of eight patients with IPF (5:3 TD139:placebo ratio) with once-daily doses of TD139 (0.3–10 mg) for 14 days.Inhaled TD139 was well tolerated with no significant treatment-related side-effects. TD139 was rapidly absorbed, with mean time taken to reach maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values ranging from 0.6 to 3 h and a plasma half-life (T1/2) of 8 h. The concentration of TD139 in the lung was >567-fold higher than in the blood, with systemic exposure predicting exposure in the target compartment. Gal-3 expression on alveolar macrophages was reduced in the 3 and 10 mg dose groups compared with placebo, with a concentration-dependent inhibition demonstrated. Inhibition of Gal-3 expression in the lung was associated with reductions in plasma biomarkers centrally relevant to IPF pathobiology (platelet-derived growth factor-BB, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Gal-3, CCL18 and YKL-40).TD139 is safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects and IPF patients. It was shown to suppress Gal-3 expression on bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and, in a concerted fashion, decrease plasma biomarkers associated with IPF progression.
PTEN inhibitor improves vascular remodeling and cardiac function after myocardial infarction through PI3k/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Qiuting , Li Xing , Qin Xian , Yu Cheng , Jin Yan , Qian Xiaojun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, the efficacy for MI treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel therapeutic strategy.

Methods
Left anterior descending arteries (LAD) of mice were ligated to induce MI. Another set of mice were intravenously injected with PTEN inhibitor BPV (1 mg/kg) 1 h after LAD ligation and continued to receive BPV injection daily for the following 6 days. Mice were performed echocardiography 14 days after surgery.

Results
Mice in MI group displayed an increased expression of PTEN with impaired cardiac function, enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis. BPV treatment significantly improved cardiac function, with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, promoted angiogenesis, and activated PI3K/Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway.

Conclusion
PTEN inhibitor BPV could effectively prevent myocardial infarction in mice, highlighting its potential as a candidate therapeutic drug.
Migration of Sogatella furcifera between the Greater Mekong Subregion and northern China revealed by mtDNA and SNP
Authors: Yang Nan , Dong Zhaoke , Chen Aidong , Yin Yanqiong , Li Xiangyong , Chu Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe white-backed planthopper (WBPH),Sogatella furcifera(Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a migratory pest of rice in Asia. Shandong Province, in northern China, is located on the migration pathway of WBPH between southern and northeast China. The potential sources of WBPH in northern China are poorly understood. We studied the sources of WBPH in Shandong Province by determining the population genetic structure of WBPH in 18 sites distributed in Shandong and in six regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). We used mitochondrial gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for analysis.ResultsAll of the WBPH populations studied in the seven regions had low genetic diversity. Pairwise FSTvalues based on mtDNA ranged from − 0.061 to 0.285, while FSTbased on SNP data ranged from − 0.007 to 0.009. These two molecular markers revealed that 4.40% (mtDNA) and 0.19% (SNP) genetic variation could be explained by the interpopulation variation, while the rest came from intrapopulation variation. The populations in the seven geographic regions comprised four hypothetical genetic clusters (K = 4) not associated with geographic location. Eighty-four of 129 individuals distributed across the given area were designated as recent migrants or of admixed ancestry. Although the substantial migration presented, a weak but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found (r = 0.083, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe Greater Mekong Subregion was the main genetic source of WBPH in Shandong, while other source populations may also exist. The genetic structure of WBPH is shaped by both migration and geographic barriers.These results help clarify the migration route and the source of WBPH in northern China.
Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on long-term clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wan Huaibin , Wang Juan , Yang Yanmin , Fan Xin , Chen Dongdong , Bian Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a widely accepted indicator of renal function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between eGFR and 3-year clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
We retrospectively studied 433 consecutive Chinese patients with AF (51.0% males, mean age 65.6 ± 13.2 years) between February 2013 and December 2017. Baseline clinical data were collected according to medical records. eGFR was calculated by MDRD equation for Chinese patients according to baseline age, sex and serum creatinine. The primary clinical outcome of interest was all-cause mortality.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 3.1 (0.5–4.5) years, 73 deaths (16.9%) were recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that eGFR was independently associated with all-cause death in total population [hazard ratio (HR) 0.984; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.972–0.995, P = 0.006] and patients free of valvular heart diseases (VHDs) (HR 0.975; 95% CI 0.959–0.992, P = 0.003), but not with VHDs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that reduced eGFR predicted all-cause mortality with areas under the ROC curve of 0.637 (95% CI 0.539–0.735, P = 0.004) in AF patients free of VHDs.

Conclusions
eGFR is an independent predictor of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese patients with AF, especially among those patients free of VHDs.
Acute portal vein thrombosis secondary to COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Borazjani Roham , Seraj Seyed Reza , Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Rahmanian Zhila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 pneumonia exhibits several extra-pulmonary complications.Case presentationA 23-year old, asthmatic male with coronavirus pneumonia developed with generalized, acute abdominal pain. Further evaluations revealed a mild ascites and portal vein thrombosis although the patient received proper anticoagulation therapy. Routine lab data regarding the secondary causes of portal vein thrombosis were normal.ConclusionWe speculated that the underlying cause of portal vein thrombosis in our case was coronaviruses. Therefore, clinicians should always consider thrombosis and other hypercoagulable diseases in patients with COVID-19.
Routine blood parameters are helpful for early identification of influenza infection in children
Authors: Zhu Ronghe , Chen Cuie , Wang Qiu , Zhang Xixi , Lu Chaosheng , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRoutine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocytes multiplied by platelets (LYM*PLT) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases. We aimed to explore the value of these parameters in the early identification of influenza virus infection in children.MethodsWe conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of fever with influenza-like symptoms in pediatric outpatients from different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters measured within 48 h of the onset of fever for influenza virus infection.ResultsThe LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in children with an influenza infection (PCR-confirmed and symptomatic). The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the > 6-year-old subgroup. In the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the > 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924.ConclusionsRoutine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, particularly in children older than 6 years with influenza A virus infection.
Pulmonary infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycolicibacterium fortuitum: a case report
Authors: Kurokawa Kana , Harada Norihiro , Sasano Hitoshi , Takagi Haruhi , Takei Satomi , Nakamura Ayako , Kamada Keisuke , Yoshida Atsushi , Kikuchi Ken , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Mycolicibacterium fortuitum is a species of the rapidly growing mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infection. It is susceptible to multiple antibiotics both in vitro and in clinical practice, so that any combination of susceptible drugs is effective. However, we encountered a case of infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant M. fortuitum. In this study, we report the case and describe the mechanism of resistance.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old man with a history of total gastrectomy and immunosuppressant treatment for rheumatoid arthritis developed a recurrence of pulmonary infection caused by M. fortuitum. He was treated with clarithromycin and levofloxacin as a first-line treatment, based on the favorable susceptibility at that time. After recurrence, a high minimum inhibitory concentration to fluoroquinolones was detected. DNA sequencing of the pathogen showed the substitution of serine for tryptophan at residue 83 in the gyrA gene. He was successfully treated with a combination of other antibiotics.

Conclusion
This is the first report on the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant M. fortuitum and investigation of the mechanism of resistance. We suggest that the susceptibility test remains effective for determining the next line of treatment after a pathogen has acquired resistance, and resistance to fluoroquinolones in M. fortuitum can be attributed to a single change of amino acid.
A novel optical biosensor for the early diagnosis of sepsis and severe Covid-19: the PROUD study
Authors: Doulou Sarantia , Leventogiannis Konstantinos , Tsilika Maria , Rodencal Matthew , Katrini Konstantina , Antonakos Nikolaos , Kyprianou Miltiades , Karofylakis Emmanouil , Karageorgos Athanassios , Koufargyris Panagiotis , Christopoulos Gennaios , Kassianidis George , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Newberry Robert , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The accuracy of a new optical biosensor (OB) point-of-care device for the detection of severe infections is studied.

Methods
The OB emits different wavelengths and outputs information associated with heart rate, pulse oximetry, levels of nitric oxide and kidney function. At the first phase, recordings were done every two hours for three consecutive days after hospital admission in 142 patients at high-risk for sepsis by placing the OB on the forefinger. At the second phase, single recordings were done in 54 patients with symptoms of viral infection; 38 were diagnosed with COVID-19.

Results
At the first phase, the cutoff value of positive likelihood of 18 provided 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for the diagnosis of sepsis. These were 87.5 and 91.7% respectively at the second phase. OB diagnosed severe COVID-19 with 83.3% sensitivity and 87.5% negative predictive value.

Conclusions
The studied OB seems valuable for the discrimination of infection severity.