bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptome analysis between inbred and hybrids reveals molecular insights into yield heterosis of upland cotton
Authors: Shahzad Kashif , Zhang Xuexian , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Bao Lisheng , Zhang Meng , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Hailin , Tang Huini , Qiao Xiuqin , Feng Juanjuan , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of many crops worldwide. Understanding the potential molecular mechanism about how hybridization produces superior yield in upland cotton is critical for efficient breeding programs.

Results
In this study, high, medium, and low hybrids varying in the level of yield heterosis were screened based on field experimentation of different years and locations. Phenotypically, high hybrid produced a mean of 14% more seed cotton yield than its better parent. Whole-genome RNA sequencing of these hybrids and their four inbred parents was performed using different tissues of the squaring stage. Comparative transcriptomic differences in each hybrid parent triad revealed a higher percentage of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each tissue. Expression level dominance analysis identified majority of hybrids DEGs were biased towards parent like expressions. An array of DEGs involved in ATP and protein binding, membrane, cell wall, mitochondrion, and protein phosphorylation had more functional annotations in hybrids. Sugar metabolic and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were most enriched in each hybrid. Further, these two pathways had most mapped DEGs on known seed cotton yield QTLs. Integration of transcriptome, QTLs, and gene co-expression network analysis discovered genes Gh_A03G1024, Gh_D08G1440, Gh_A08G2210, Gh_A12G2183, Gh_D07G1312, Gh_D08G1467, Gh_A03G0889, Gh_A08G2199, and Gh_D05G0202 displayed a complex regulatory network of many interconnected genes. qRT-PCR of these DEGs was performed to ensure the accuracy of RNA-Seq data.

Conclusions
Through genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis, the current study identified nine key genes and pathways associated with biological process of yield heterosis in upland cotton. Our results and data resources provide novel insights and will be useful for dissecting the molecular mechanism of yield heterosis in cotton.
Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals cold stress responsiveness in two contrasting Chinese jujube cultivars
Authors: Zhou Heying , He Ying , Zhu Yongsheng , Li Meiyu , Song Shuang , Bo Wenhao , Li Yingyue , Pang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow temperature is a major factor influencing the growth and development of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujubaMill.) in cold winter and spring. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms enabling jujube to cope with different freezing stress conditions. To elucidate the freezing-related molecular mechanism, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis between ‘Dongzao’ (low freezing tolerance cultivar) and ‘Jinsixiaozao’ (high freezing tolerance cultivar) using RNA-Seq.ResultsMore than 20,000 genes were detected at chilling (4 °C) and freezing (− 10 °C, − 20 °C, − 30 °C and − 40 °C) stress between the two cultivars. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two cultivars were 1831, 2030, 1993, 1845 and 2137 under the five treatments. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the metabolic pathway, response to stimulus and catalytic activity were significantly enriched under stronger freezing stress. Among the DEGs, nine participated in the Ca2+signal pathway, thirty-two were identified to participate in sucrose metabolism, and others were identified to participate in the regulation of ROS, plant hormones and antifreeze proteins. In addition, important transcription factors (WRKY,AP2/ERF,NACandbZIP) participating in freezing stress were activated under different degrees of freezing stress.ConclusionsOur research first provides a more comprehensive understanding of DEGs involved in freezing stress at the transcriptome level in twoZ. jujubacultivars with different freezing tolerances. These results may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of freezing tolerance in jujube and also provides new insights and candidate genes for genetically enhancing freezing stress tolerance.
Cryptococcus meningitis mimicking cerebral septic emboli, a case report series demonstrating injection drug use as a risk factor for development of disseminated disease
Authors: Polk Christopher , Meredith Jacqueline , Kuprenas Alyssa , Leonard Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinicians may be less inclined to consider a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in people without HIV infection or transplant-related immunosuppression. This may lead to a delay in diagnosis particularly if disseminated cryptococcal disease mimics cerebral septic emboli in injection drug use (IDU) leading to a search for endocarditis or other infectious sources. Though, IDU has been described as a potential risk for disseminated cryptococcal disease.

Case presentations
We present two cases of cryptococcal meningitis in IDU without HIV or other obvious immune deficits. Both patients presented with at least 2 weeks of headache and blurred vision. They developed central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, one of which mimicked septic cerebral emboli, but both resulted with poor neurologic outcomes.

Conclusions
IDU likely induces an underappreciated immune deficit and is a risk factor for developing cryptococcal meningitis. This diagnosis, which can mimic cerebral septic emboli through involvement of a CNS vasculitis, should be considered in the setting of IDU.
Moving a neodymium magnet promotes the migration of a magnetic tracer and increases the monitoring counts on the skin surface of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Makita Masujiro , Manabe Eriko , Kurita Tomoko , Takei Hiroyuki , Nakamura Seigo , Kuwahata Akihiro , Sekino Masaki , Kusakabe Moriaki , Ohashi Yasuo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
We suspected that moving a small neodymium magnet would promote migration of the magnetic tracer to the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Higher monitoring counts on the skin surface before making an incision help us detect SLNs easily and successfully. The present study evaluated the enhancement of the monitoring count on the skin surface in SLN detection based on the magnet movement in a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles.

Methods
After induction of general anesthesia, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were injected sub-dermally into the subareolar area or peritumorally. The neodymium magnet was moved over the skin from the injection site to the axilla to promote migration of the magnetic tracer without massage. A total of 62 patients were enrolled from February 2018 to November 2018: 13 cases were subjected to magnet movement 20 times (Group A), 8 were subjected to 1-min magnet movement (Group B), 26 were given a short (about 5 min) interval from injection to 1-min magnet movement (Group C), and 15 were given a long (about 25 min) interval before 1-min magnet movement using the magnetometer’s head (Group D). In all cases, an SNB was conducted using both the radioisotope (RI) and SPIO methods. The monitoring counts on the skin surface were measured by a handheld magnetometer and compared among the four groups. Changes in the monitoring count by the interval and magnet movement were evaluated.

Results
The identification rates of the SPIO and RI methods were 100 and 95.2%, respectively. The mean monitoring counts of Group A, B, C, and D were 2.39 μT, 2.73 μT, 3.15 μT, and 3.92 μT, respectively (p < 0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test). The monitoring counts were higher with longer magnet movement and with the insertion of an interval. Although there were no relationships between the monitoring count on the skin surface and clinicopathologic factors, magnet movement strongly influenced the monitoring count on the skin surface.

Conclusion
Moving a small neodymium magnet is effective for promoting migration of a magnetic tracer and increasing monitoring counts on the skin surface.

Trial registration
UMIN, UMIN000029475. Registered 9 October 2017
A novel COMP mutation in a Chinese family with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Authors:   Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis and COmorbidities (DISCO) study, Shao Jiashen , Zhao Sen , Yan Zihui , Wang Lianlei , Zhang Yuanqiang , Lin Mao , Yu Chenxi , Wang Shengru , Niu Yuchen , Li Xiaoxin , Qiu Guixing , Zhang Jianguo , Wu Zhihong , Wu Nan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a skeletal disorder characterized by delayed and irregular ossification of the epiphyses and early-onset osteoarthritis. At least 66% of the reported autosomal dominant MED (AD-MED) cases are caused byCOMPmutations.MethodsWe recruited a four-generation Chinese family with early-onset hip osteoarthritis, flatfoot, brachydactyly, and mild short stature. An assessment of the family history, detailed physical examinations, and radiographic evaluations were performed on the proband and other family members, followed by the performance of whole-exome sequencing (WES). The pathogenicity of the candidate mutation was also analyzed.ResultsAn AD-MED family with 10 affected members and 17 unaffected members was recruited. The main radiographic findings were symmetrical changes in the dysplastic acetabulum and femoral heads, irregular contours of the epiphyses, a shortened femoral neck, and flatfoot. Lower bone density was also observed in the ankle joints, wrist joints, and knees, as well as irregular vertebral end plates. In the proband, we identified the missense mutation c.1153G > T (p. Asp385Tyr), located in exon 11 of theCOMPgene. This mutation was assessed as 'pathogenic' because of its low allele frequency and its high likelihood of co-segregation with disease in the reported family. Sanger sequencing validated the novel heterozygous mutation c.1153G > T (p. Asp385Tyr) in exon 11 ofCOMPin all affected individuals in the family.ConclusionsOur results underlined a key role of the Asp385 amino acid in the protein function of COMP and confirmed the pathogenicity of theCOMP(c.1153G > T; p. Asp385Tyr) mutation in AD-MED disease. We have therefore expanded the known mutational spectrum ofCOMPand revealed new phenotypic information for AD-MED.
The quadrivalent HPV vaccine is protective against genital warts: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lukács Anita , Máté Zsuzsanna , Farkas Nelli , Mikó Alexandra , Tenk Judit , Hegyi Péter , Németh Balázs , Czumbel László Márk , Wuttapon Sadaeng , Kiss István , Gyöngyi Zoltán , Varga Gábor , Rumbus Zoltán , Szabó Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been assumed to give protection against genital warts (GW) as well as cervical cancer. Our main question was whether HPV vaccine has any effects on the prevention of GW reported in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and time-trend analyses.MethodsThis meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using the PICO format. We searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials), and assessed heterogeneity using the Q-test and I-squared statistics, meta-regression was also performed. Odds ratios (OR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The sensitivity was tested by leave-one-out method. We evaluated the presence of publication bias using the funnel plot graph and the Copas selection model. The strength of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsEight RCTs (per-protocol populations) and eight time-trend ecological studies were included in this meta-analysis. A significant reduction (pooled OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.09; I-squared = 53.6%) of GW in young women was recorded in RCTs, and in time-trend analyses both in young women (pooled OR = 0.36, CI 95% = 0.26–0.51; I-squared = 98.2%), and in young men (pooled OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.61–0.78; I-squared = 92.7%). In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction of the number of GW events was observed especially in women under 21 years (pooled OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17–0.63). Leave-one-out analysis showed that similar results could be obtained after excluding one study, meta-regression did not show significant difference.ConclusionsProphylactic, quadrivalent HPV vaccination can prevent GW in healthy women and men, therefore, it should be included in routine immunization programme.
The speed of adoption of new drugs and prescription volume after the amendments in reimbursement coverage: the case of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in South Korea
Authors: Son Kyung-Bok 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The speed of adoption of new drugs and frequencies of substitutions leads to changes in health care expenditures as well as patient outcomes. In this study, we aim to understand the speed of adoption of new drugs and their prescription volume in health care institutions and evaluate the impact of policy options to manage pharmaceutical expenditure.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of health care institutions prescribing NOACs, including Apixaban, Dabigatran, and Rivaroxaban, to address the speed of adoption and their substitution from October 1, 2010, through December 31, 2015, using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Two threshold time points, including the extension of reimbursement with the need for the letter of opinion and the withdrawal of the letter of opinion, were noted in this study. Then, we applied a survival analysis to elucidate factors that affected the speed of adoption of NOACs, and interrupted time series analysis to estimate the effect of amendments in reimbursement coverage in prescription volume.

Results
Among 934 health care institutions in a study population, 334 institutions (36%) had prescribed NOACs at least one time during the study period, indicating that health care institutions were conservative in adopting new drugs. However, the speed of adoption was related to the characteristics of health care institution. We also found that prescriptions of NOACs before the withdrawal of the need for the letter of opinion were marginal, and the prescription volume of NOACs was significantly increased after the withdrawal of a letter of opinion.

Conclusions
Health care institutions were conservative in adopting new drugs, and the speed of adoption is not closely related to an increased prescription volume in the short run. Thus, policies that are centered on managing pharmaceutical expenditure should be devised with considering the impact of introducing new drugs in the long run. A letter of opinion, which was devised to manage prescriptions of NOACs, was effective in managing pharmaceutical expenditures in health care institutions, particularly for tertiary institutions. Conversely, the withdrawal of the need for the letter of opinion should be implemented with caution.
Can cluster analyses of linked healthcare data identify unique population segments in a general practice-registered population?
Authors: Nnoaham Kelechi Ebere , Cann Kimberley Frances 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPopulation segmentation is useful for understanding the health needs of populations. Expert-driven segmentation is a traditional approach which involves subjective decisions on how to segment data, with no agreed best practice. The limitations of this approach are theoretically overcome by more data-driven approaches such as utilisation-based cluster analysis. Previous explorations of using utilisation-based cluster analysis for segmentation have demonstrated feasibility but were limited in potential usefulness for local service planning. This study explores the potential for practical application of using utilisation-based cluster analyses to segment a local General Practice-registered population in the South Wales Valleys.MethodsPrimary and secondary care datasets were linked to create a database of 79,607 patients including socio-demographic variables, morbidities, care utilisation, cost and risk factor information. We undertook utilisation-based cluster analysis, using k-means methodology to group the population into segments with distinct healthcare utilisation patterns based on seven utilisation variables: elective inpatient admissions, non-elective inpatient admissions, outpatient first & follow-up attendances, Emergency Department visits, GP practice visits and prescriptions. We analysed segments post-hoc to understand their morbidity, risk and demographic profiles.ResultsTen population segments were identified which had distinct profiles of healthcare use, morbidity, demographic characteristics and risk attributes. Although half of the study population were in segments characterised as ‘low need’ populations, there was heterogeneity in this group with respect to variables relevant to service planning – e.g. settings in which care was mostly consumed. Significant and complex healthcare need was a feature across age groups and was driven more by deprivation and behavioural risk factors than by age and functional limitation.ConclusionsThis analysis shows that utilisation-based cluster analysis of linked primary and secondary healthcare use data for a local GP-registered population can segment the population into distinct groups with unique health and care needs, providing useful intelligence to inform local population health service planning and care delivery. This segmentation approach can offer a detailed understanding of the health and care priorities of population groups, potentially supporting the integration of health and care, reducing fragmentation of healthcare and reducing healthcare costs in the population.
Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory factors NLR, LMR, PLR and LDH in penile cancer
Authors: Hu Chen , Bai Yu , Li Jun , Zhang Guoyin , Yang Libo , Bi Chengwei , Zhao Bin , Yang Yong , Li Ruiqian , Wu Hongyi , Wang Qilin , Qin Yang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) represents an important public health problem for developing countries. The major prognostic factors in PSCC are pathological subtype, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion and grade, which are hard to obtain precisely before the operation. Besides, micro-metastases will be detected in about 30% of intermediate-risk patients with clinically non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes after inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND). It means approximately 70% of patients are unable to benefit from ILND who might suffered from the complications of surgery. We hope some biomarkers could be found which are able to predict the outcome before surgery and reflect the inguinal lymph nodes metastasis.

Methods
A total of 349 consecutive patients of penile cancer in Yunnan cancer hospital in China between October 2002 and December2017. Two hundred twenty-five was succeed to follow-up. The association between NLR, LMR, PLR, LDH and Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), inguinal lymph node (N stage) was analyzed with K-M analysis, univariable, multivariable logistic regression and Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient.

Results
Multivariable analysis reveal that only PLR was significant independent factor which is associated with inferior OS and PFS; Age and LDH was associated with inferior OS; Lymph node and metastatic status remained significant for OS and PFS as NCCN and EAU Guidelines indicated; the tumor type, initial treatment and NLR LMR were not significant in predicting both OS and PFS. NLR, LMR and PLR were corresponded to N stage, while LDH was not associated with the N stage based on logistic regression model analysis. NLR, LMR and PLR were found weakly related to N stage through an application of Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient.

Conclusions
PLR was significant independent factors for OS and PFS, Age and LDH was significant independent factors for OS. NLR, LMR, PLR was corresponded to N stage.
Protocol for the economic evaluation of the InTENSE program for rehabilitation of chronic upper limb spasticity
Authors: Milte Rachel , Ratcliffe Julie , Ada Louise , English Coralie , Crotty Maria , Lannin Natasha A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Assessment of the costs of care associated with chronic upper-limb spasticity following stroke in Australia and the potential benefits of adding intensive upper limb rehabilitation to botulinum toxin-A are key objectives of the InTENSE randomised controlled trial.

Methods
Recruitment for the trial has been completed. A total of 139 participants from 6 stroke units across 3 Australian states are participating in the trial. A cost utility analysis will be undertaken to compare resource use and costs over 12 months with health-related quality of life outcomes associated with the intervention relative to a usual care comparator. A cost effectiveness analysis with the main clinical measure of outcome, Goal Attainment Scaling, will also be undertaken. The primary outcome measure for the cost utility analysis will be the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) generated from the incremental cost of the intervention as compared to the incremental benefit, as measured in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The utility scores generated from the EQ-5D three level instrument (EQ-5D-3 L) measured at baseline, 3 months and 12 months will be utilised to calculate the incremental Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gains for the intervention relative to usual care using area-under the curve methods.

Discussion
The results of the economic evaluation will provide evidence of the total costs of care for patients with chronic upper limb spasticity following stroke. It will also provide evidence for the cost-effectiveness of adding evidence-based movement therapy to botulinum toxin-A as a treatment, providing important information for health system decision makers tasked with the planning and provision of services.
Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states?
Authors: Tijjani Salman Jidda , Ma Le 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNortheastern Nigeria has over the decade suffered from the Boko Haram insurgency and is still in the process of recovery from the complex humanitarian crisis that has displaced and subjected millions of vulnerable children, women and elderly population to poverty, disease outbreaks, hunger and malnutrition. Yet, the conflict-affected states in Northeastern Nigeria is not far away from being the worse-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent public health preventive measures are not taken to contain the spread of the deadly and highly infectious virus. The question arises, “what is Nigeria doing to tackle the burden of a COVID-19 spread and an ongoing humanitarian crisis?