bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Radioactive Substances Using a Freely Moving Gamma-Ray Imager Based on Structure From Motion
Authors: Yuki Sato , Kojiro Minemoto , Makoto Nemoto , Tatsuo Torii 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Technology for measuring and identifying the positions and distributions of radioactive substances is important for decommissioning work sites at nuclear power stations. A three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction method that locates radioactive substances by integrating structure-from-motion (SfM) with a Compton camera (a type of gamma-ray imager) has been developed. From the photographs captured while freely moving in an experimental environment, a 3D structural model of the experimental environment was created. By projecting the radioactive substance image acquired by the Compton camera on the 3D structural model, the positions of the radioactive substance were visualized in 3D space. In a demonstration study, the 137Cs-radiation source was successfully visualized in the experimental environment captured by the freely moving cameras. In addition, how the imaging accuracy is affected by uncertainty in the self-localization of the Compton camera processed by SfM, and by positional uncertainty in the gamma-ray incidence determined by the sensors of the Compton camera was investigated. The created map depicts the positions of radioactive substances inside radiation work environments, such as decommissioning work sites at nuclear power stations.
Motion Control of an Independent Metering System With Polynomial Approximations for Valve Flow Nonlinearity
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Zheng , Yao Bin , Lyu Litong , Helian Bobo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, many works focusing on improving motion tracking accuracy of hydraulic actuators have been done by developing nonlinear control algorithms. Model nonlinearity compensation, such as valve deadband, nonlinear friction force, and flow leakages, is one of the key points in the control design. However, the inherently nonlinear valve flow characteristic is usually treated as linear for simplicity, which might lead to undesirable flow rate deviation and reduce the tracking precision especially when the cylinder moves at a low speed. In this study, an online valve flow nonlinearity compensation method is developed to improve the motion tracking precision of hydraulic actuators. Specifically, polynomials are used to mimic the nonlinear valve flow characteristic between the valve control input, pressure difference, and flow. The coefficients in polynomials are synthesized based on the offline identification experiments while the lumped discrepancy is updated online in the proposed control design. The adaptive robust control approach is also used to develop the closed-loop motion controller, which can handle the parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities in the electro-hydraulic system. Comparative experiments are conducted on an independent metering system with a differential cylinder and the results show the improved tracking precision with nonlinear valve flow comparing to the linear one, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Research on Dynamic Performance of Independent Metering Valve-Cylinder System Based on Double Pressure Compound Control
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bao Hui-ming , Zhong Qi , Hong Hao-cen , Yang Hua-yong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In hydraulic motion control industries, independent metering valves control system (IMVCS) can effectively improve the control performance of the system, furthermore, it has prominent potential in energy-saving. In IMVCS, the meter-in and meter-out orifices are regulated by two independent valves, which increases the control degrees of freedom. In some working conditions such as lifting where the load is steady, a double pressure compound control (DPCC) strategy that controls inlet and outlet cavities simultaneously can be applied for better dynamic performance. In this paper, a double DPCC strategy is proposed to regulate the pressure of both meter-in and meter-out chambers of a cylinder. Firstly, the control algorithm based on the two-level fuzzy PID (FPID) is designed, which contains a spool displacement controller as an inner loop and a pressure controller as an outer loop. Then, the pressure dynamic characteristics of the system under the IMVCS are studied. The simulation model is established using AMESim-Simulink co-simulation, and its key parameters are identified through experiments. The simulation results show that the dynamic characteristics of the actuator can be increased effectively with two-level fuzzy PID control algorithm and DPCC strategy. The adjusting time and overshoot of cavity pressure can be significantly decreased with them.
High-Level Controller for High Productivity Earthmoving by Tracked Bulldozers
Authors: Mononen Teemu , Mattila Jouni , Aref Mohammad M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The bulldozer is a heavy-duty earthmoving machine generating tractive force between its tracks and ground to cut and push soil with an onboard blade. The productivity of the machine is determined by the amount of soil moved per hour, which is influenced by the travel speed and the amount of material carried by the blade. In this paper, we present a high-level controller for a hydraulic bulldozer to drive the machine’s track slip to a value corresponding to maximum soil removal power. The proposed system sets online reference signals for the blade elevation and track velocity to produce a smooth ground profile and high productivity. The primary traction control strategy manipulates the load on the machine by blade adjustments. When a track slip threshold is exceeded, track velocity control is used to limit the slip to the said value. A comparison to blade-only control strategy shows improvements in ground profile smoothness and productivity on uneven terrain without any prior knowledge of the worksite ground profile.
Performance and Selection of Brushless DC Motors for Miniature Hydraulic Powertrains
Authors: Williams Logan T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increased interest in battery-powered hydraulic quadrupeds at the US Naval Research Laboratory has created demand for compact hydraulic power units with electric prime movers. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are compact, high-power systems that can provide the shaft power for a hydraulic pump. The remote-control hobby industry offers a wide range of low-cost BLDC motors that can be utilized for miniature, power-dense hydraulic powertrains. However, most of these motors are sold with minimal specifications that prevent accurate prediction of the motor performance, impeding precise motor selection. An analytical model has been developed to provide an upper bound on a motor’s performance based on the motor constant and the motor phase impedance. Experimental performance of multiple motors are used to validate the model and demonstrate its efficacy for motor selection.
Simulation of Electro-Hydraulic Systems Taking Into Account Typical Faults
Authors: Gareev Albert , Gimadiev Asgat , Popelnyuk Ilya , Stadnik Dmitry , Sverbilov Viktor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to increase efficiency of diagnostics of electro-hydro-mechanical systems (EHMS) it is advisable to have simulation models of typical faults. Such approach makes it possible to estimate in advance, even at the stage of mathematical modeling, the impact of different faults on functioning of hydraulic systems. This work is aimed at creating a database containing complexes of diagnostic features, which allow distinguishing types of faults, their causes and stages of development. In the paper, typical faults of EHMS are presented on the basis of statistical information from literature sources and experimental research. They include internal and external leakages, spool and sleeve sticking, degradation of power fluid. The causes of faults and their impact on hydraulic systems functioning are considered. Simulation models of typical faults are implemented and studied in the SimulationX software package. The static and dynamic characteristics of the systems are investigated in order to identify diagnostic signs of various faults. The impact of typical faults on various system parameters is discussed. During the research, the tasks of selecting the rational location of sensors of different types (pressure, flow, displacement, or force sensors), their quantity for recognition of a typical fault are solved. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of serviceable and faulty systems for cases of control and disturbance actions are presented. Comparative analysis of transient processes of serviceable and faulty EHMS is presented with assessment of difference between theoretical and experimental data. The results of the work allow to more rationally designing the diagnostic complex for more accurate identification of the type of fault, stage of its development and prediction of residual service life of EHMS.
Efficiency Analysis of an Electro-Hydraulic Drive for Mobile Lifting Machines
Authors: Morselli Serena , Marani Pietro , Dolcin Cesare , Scolari Mattia , Ferrari Cristian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Environmental issues have become a critical topic at all levels and the Fluid Power industry is no exception. One of the most important research trends is aimed at improving efficiency through electrification, the availability of new electric motors and drive solutions is expected to promote the introduction of speed-controlled pump systems in mobile applications, nowadays dominated by conventional valve-controlled solutions.
The paper will firstly present a collection of tests carried out on a lifting application, powered by an inverter-controlled electric motor moving a reversible gear pump/motor. The lowering phase is carried out in two alternative modes, the first one is the electric regenerative mode, the second one is the throttle-controlled mode. The analysis of the results will highlight different energy efficiencies of the system at different operating conditions. In particular the losses of volumetric unit, piping, throttle elements, hydraulic cylinder and electric components can change dramatically depending on operating conditions.
In the second part of the paper, a lumped parameters model will be presented, using a commercial software. Firstly, the model will be able to catch the behavior of the test bench and secondarily it will be used to predict the expected performances of alternative design choices. Particular attention will be focused on low speed operation. In fact, there is more uncertainty and much less well-established knowledge on the behavior of the volumetric units at low speed, concerning the large body of work available for the nominal speed conditions.
Finally an outlook will be drawn of expected advantages and limitations arising from the implementation of variable speed pumps on mobile machines. Such benefits will be presented with practical figures of merit such as the energy recovery performance, the increase of cycles and the cooling system size reduction.
Evaluation of Pore Geometry Effects on Porous Cell Thermal Behavior
Authors: Irick Kevin , Fathi Nima 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heterogeneity in a material’s composition can have significant impacts on the thermal response of the material system at both the fine-scale and macro-scale levels. This is especially true for porous materials, where voids in the bulk material induce thermal resistance across the system and divert heat flow within the material. Within the energy industry, understanding these effects can be critical to designing components and systems that are often subjected to high-temperature environments. The current investigation is dedicated to studying the effect of pore geometry on the effective thermal conductivity, keff, of the whole porous unit cell. To this end, a numerical assessment of non-circular porous material simulated thermal responses was performed. A set of two-dimensional, steady-state models were defined to observe the thermal effects of different pore geometries — including triangular, square, and elliptical — centered in a unit cell porous medium. The finite element method (FEM) was implemented in Fortran — using unstructured triangular meshes — to simulate the thermal response of the systems. The method of manufactured solutions (MMS) was used to perform code verification and shows that the implementation of the numerical methods is approximately second-order accurate. This paper presents a study on the effects of pore size, shape, and rotational orientation on a heterogeneous material’s dimensionless effective thermal conductivity, k*. Comparative thermal responses show the sensitivity of k* with respect to pore shape and the variable sensitivity of response to pore orientation, where pore size is a major driver in the effective thermal response.
The spatial structure of Phanerozoic marine animal diversity
Authors: Close R. A. , Benson R. B. J. , Saupe E. E. , Clapham M. E. , Butler R. J. 
Published: October 2020

Across time, but also across spaceFossils, especially those from marine systems, have long been used to estimate changes in patterns of diversity over time. However, fossils are patchy in their occurrence, so such temporal estimates generally have not included variations due to space. Such a singular examination has the potential to simplify, or even misrepresent, patterns. Closeet al.used a spatially explicit approach to measure diversity changes in marine fossils across time and space. They found that, like modern systems, diversity varies considerably across space, with reefs increasing diversity levels. Accounting for this spatial-environmental variation will shed new light on the study of diversity over time.Science, this issue p.420
Experiences of medical practitioners in the Australian Defence Force on live tissue trauma training
Authors: Mahoney Adam , Reade M C , Moffat M 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionCare of battle casualties is a central role of military medical practitioners. Historically, certain trauma procedural skills have been learnt through live tissue training. However, faced with opposition from community members and academics, who argue equivalence of non-animal alternatives, this is now being phased out. This study explores Australian military medical practitioners’ experiences of and attitudes towards live tissue training.MethodWe performed a phenomenologically driven qualitative exploration of individuals’ experiences of live tissue trauma training. 32 medical officers volunteered for the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 practitioners (60% Army, 20% Air Force, 20% Navy; 33% surgical, 53% critical care, 13% general practice). Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis, with key themes identified using manual and computer-assisted coding.ResultsLive tissue training was valued by military medical practitioners, particularly because of the realistic feel of tissues and physiological responsiveness to treatment. Learner-perceived value of live tissue training was higher for complex skills and those requiring delicate tissue handling. 100% of surgeons and critical care doctors regarded live tissue as the only suitable model for learning repair of penetrating cardiac injury. Live tissue training was felt to enhance self-efficacy, particularly for rarely applied skills. Though conscious of the social and ethical context of live tissue training, >90% of participants reported positive emotional responses to live tissue training.ConclusionIn contrast to published research, live tissue training was thought by participants to possess characteristics that are not yet replicable using alternative learning aids. The experienced positive values of live tissue training should inform the decision to move towards non-animal alternatives.
Evaluation of a state law on opioid-prescribing behaviour and the void affecting codeine-containing antitussive syrup
Authors: Perry Warren M. , Agala Chris B. , Agala Erika M. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundGovernment opioid policies—such as the North Carolina Strengthen Opioid Misuse Prevention (STOP) Act—have aided in lowering the days’ supply of opioid prescriptions. However, what effect do these laws have on codeine-containing antitussive syrup? We aimed to assess the effect of the North Carolina STOP Act on ED opioid prescriptions written for >5 days for acute pain/non-pain diagnoses and whether it had an effect on the prescribing of codeine-containing antitussive syrup.MethodsA retrospective study of two emergency departments, with an average annual census of 70 000 and 22 000 patients, from January to August of 2017 and 2018. We applied logistic regression techniques to calculate the odds of an opioid prescription for >5 days. Opioid medication categories were formed to determine relational proportions. Two-tailed z-tests were used to test the difference in proportions.ResultsOur study included 5366 verifiable opioid prescriptions. The percentage of an opioid prescription for >5 days decreased by 3.3% (95% CI −1.8% to −4.7%, p<0.05) after the North Carolina STOP Act (9.8% to 6.5%; 95% CI 5.5% to 7.5%, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant change in the prescribing of codeine syrup for >5 days pre-STOP and post- STOP Act, respectively (91.5% and 90.4%; difference=−1.1%, p=0.83).ConclusionThe North Carolina STOP Act was associated with a reduction in the overall percentage of opioid prescriptions for >5 days for acute pain/non-pain diagnoses. However, there was no statistically significant effect on the prescribing of codeine-containing antitussive syrup.
Late-onset riboflavin transporter deficiency: a treatable mimic of various motor neuropathy aetiologies
Authors: Carreau Christophe , Benoit Charline , Ahle Guido , Cauquil Cécile , Roubertie Agathe , Lenglet Timothée , Cosgrove Jeremy , Meunier Isabelle , Veauville-Merllié Alice , Acquaviva-Bourdain Cécile , Nadjar Yann 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveRiboflavin transporter deficiencies (RTDs), involving SLC52A3 and SLC52A2 genes, have recently been related to Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere (BVVL) syndrome, a hereditary paediatric condition associating motor neuropathy (MN) and deafness. BVVL/RTD has rarely been reported in adult patients, but is probably underdiagnosed due to poor knowledge and lack of awareness of this form of disease among neurologists. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phenotype and prognosis of RTD patients with late-onset MN.MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical, biological and electrophysiological data from all French RTD patients with MN onset after 10 years of age (n=6) and extracted data from 19 other similar RTD patients from the literature.ResultsAdult RTD patients with MN had heterogeneous clinical presentations, potentially mimicking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or distal hereditary motor neuropathy (56%), multinevritis with cranial nerve involvement (16%), Guillain-Barré syndrome (8%) and mixed motor and sensory neuronopathy syndromes (20%, only in SLC52A2 patients). Deafness was often diagnosed before MN (in 44%), but in some patients, onset began only with MN (16%). The pattern of weakness varied widely, and the classic pontobulbar palsy described in BVVL was not constant. Biochemical tests were often normal. The majority of patients improved under riboflavin supplementation (86%).InterpretationWhereas late-onset RTD may mimic different acquired or genetic causes of motor neuropathies, it is a diagnosis not to be missed since high-dose riboflavin per oral supplementation is often highly efficient.
Mesothelioma risk among those exposed to chrysotile asbestos only and mixtures that include amphibole: a case–control study in the USA, 1975–1980
Authors: Wong Jason Y Y , Rice Carol , Blair Aaron , Silverman Debra T 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesOccupational asbestos exposure is causally linked to mesothelioma. However, whether exposure to only chrysotile asbestos is associated with mesothelioma risk, and the heterogeneity in risk by different fibre types/lengths remains unclear. We investigated whether mesothelioma risk differs among workers exposed to only chrysotile asbestos compared with chrysotile and ≥1 amphibole (ie, amosite, tremolite, anthophyllite and crocidolite) over the working lifetime.MethodsWe analysed next-of-kin interview data including occupational histories for 580 white men (176 cases and 404 controls) from a case–control study of mesothelioma conducted in the USA in 1975–1980. Asbestos exposure was determined by an occupational hygienist using a job-exposure matrix and exposure categories included chrysotile only and nine chrysotile–amphibole mixtures. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of mesothelioma, comparing each asbestos category to the unexposed group, adjusted for age at death and data source. Analysis of contrasts was used to assess overall heterogeneity and pair-wise differences in risk.ResultsExposure to long and short chrysotile only was associated with increased mesothelioma risk compared with the unexposed (OR=3.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 11.2)). The complex mixture of extra-long amosite, short and long chrysotile, tremolite and anthophyllite was associated with the highest risk (OR=12.8 (95% CI 4.1 to 40.2)). There was evidence for overall heterogeneity among the asbestos exposure categories (p heterogeneity=0.02). However, the lower risk observed for exposure to chrysotile only compared with the complex mixture was not significant (p difference=0.10).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that policies aimed at regulating asbestos should target both pure chrysotile and mixtures that include amphibole.
Decay widths of $$^3 P_J$$ charmonium to $$DD,DD^*,D^*D^*$$ and corresponding mass shifts of $$^3 P_J$$ charmonium
Authors: Cao Hui-Yun , Zhou Hai-Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we calculate the amplitudes of the processes$$c{{\bar{c}}}({^3P_J}) \rightarrow DD,DD^*, D^*D^* \rightarrow c\bar{c}({^3P_J})$$cc¯(3PJ)→DD,DD∗,D∗D∗→cc¯(3PJ)in the leading order of the nonrelativistic expansion. The imaginary parts of the amplitudes are corresponding to the branch decay widths of the charmonium$$c{{\bar{c}}}({^3P_J}) \rightarrow DD,DD^*, D^*D^*$$cc¯(3PJ)→DD,DD∗,D∗D∗and the real parts are corresponding to the mass shifts of the charmonium$$c{{\bar{c}}}({^3P_J})$$cc¯(3PJ)due to these decay channels. After absorbing the polynomial contributions which are pure real, the ratios between the branch decay widths and the corresponding mass shifts are only dependent on the center-of-mass energy. We find the decay widths and the mass shifts of the$$^3P_2$$3P2states are exact zero in the leading order. The ratios between the branch decay widths and the mass shifts for the$$^3P_0, {^3P_1}$$3P0,3P1states are larger than 5 when the center-of-mass energy is above the$$DD,DD^*, D^*D^*$$DD,DD∗,D∗D∗threshold. The dependence of the mass shifts on the center-of-mass energy is nontrivial especially when the center-of-mass energy is below the threshold. The analytic results can be extended to thebquark sector directly.
Strong coupling constants of doubly heavy baryons with vector mesons in QCD
Authors: Aliev T. M. , Şimşek K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing the most general form of the interpolating current for baryons, the strong electric and magnetic coupling constants of light vector mesons $$ \rho $$
ρ
and $$ K^* $$

K
∗

with doubly heavy baryons are computed within the light-cone sum rules. We consider 2- and 3-particle distribution amplitudes of the aforementioned vector mesons. The obtained results can be useful in the analysis of experimental data on the properties of doubly heavy baryons conducted at LHC.