bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring soil surface roughness under growing winter wheat with low‐altitude UAV sensing: Potential and limitations
Authors: Onnen Nils , Eltner Anette , Heckrath Goswin , Van Oost Kristof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil surface roughness (SSR) is an important factor in controlling sediment and runoff generation, influencing directly a wide spectrum of erosion parameters. SSR is highly variable in time and space under natural conditions, and characterizing SSR to improve the parameterization of hydrological and erosion models has proved challenging. Our study uses recent technological and algorithmic developments in capturing and processing close aerial sensing data to evaluate how high‐resolution imagery can assist the temporally and spatially explicit monitoring of SSR. We evaluated the evolution of SSR under natural rainfall and growing vegetation conditions on two arable fields in Denmark. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was used to monitor small field plots over 7 months after seeding of winter wheat following conventional and reduced tillage treatments. Field campaigns were conducted at least once a month from October until April, resulting in nine time steps of data acquisition. Structure from motion photogrammetry was used to derive high‐resolution point clouds with an average ground sampling distance of 2.7 mm and a mean ground control point accuracy of 1.8 mm. A comprehensive workflow was developed to process the point clouds, including the detection of vegetation and the removal of vegetation‐induced point cloud noise. Rasterized and filtered point clouds were then used to determine SSR geostatistically as the standard deviation of height, applying different kernel sizes and using semivariograms. The results showed an influence of kernel size on roughness, with a value range of 0.2–1 cm of average height deviation during the monitoring period. Semivariograms showed a measurable decrease in sill variance and an increase in range over time. This research demonstrated multiple challenges to measuring SSR with UAV under natural conditions with increasing vegetation cover. The proposed workflow represents a step forward in tackling those challenges and provides a knowledge base for future research. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent audiovestibular dysfunction and associated neurological immune‐related adverse events in a melanoma patient treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab
Authors: Choi Jonathan S. , Chen Merry , McQuade Jennifer L. , Appelbaum Eric , Gidley Paul W. , Nader Marc‐Elie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent immunotherapy‐induced audiovestibular toxicity despite cessation of therapy has not been reported.MethodsWe report the first case of recurrent audiovestibular toxicity following immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The patient was seen with sudden bilateral hearing loss and disequilibrium. After ruling out other etiologies, he was diagnosed with audiovestibular and neurological immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). He received systemic steroids, with significant hearing and balance recovery. Over the following 4 months, he experienced two other episodes of sudden bilateral hearing loss despite ICIs cessation. The second episode was treated with oral steroids, and hearing improved. On the third episode, he received oral and intratympanic steroids, and he was started on infliximab.ResultsAudiogram 8 months following the last recurrence showed hearing improvement and stability.ConclusionImmunotherapy‐induced ototoxicity may recur despite therapy cessation. High dose steroids remain the mainstay of treatment. If audiovestibular irAEs recur despite multiple courses of steroids, immunosuppressive agents may be considered.
Nivolumab‐related tracheobronchial chondritis: Extremely rare manifestation of an immune‐related adverse effect
Authors: Kuba Kiyomi , Nakahira Mitsuhiko , Inoue Hitoshi , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Sugasawa Masashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed death‐1 checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, have successfully been utilized for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; however, their use may be associated with immune‐related adverse effects (irAEs).MethodsWe describe a case of tracheobronchial chondritis as a rare irAE in a 72‐year‐old man with multiple pulmonary metastases of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab, who was seen with a 2‐week history of fever, nonproductive cough, and dyspnea.ResultsCT revealed a thickened tracheobronchial wall and narrowed intraluminal space resulting in respiratory symptoms, despite significant clinical response of the metastases. He was clinically diagnosed with tracheobronchial chondritis and treated successfully by steroid therapy. His diagnosis was confirmed by a positive serum anti‐collagen type 2 antibody test.ConclusionsIn addition to interstitial lung disease, tracheobronchial chondritis should be considered as a possible irAE in patients with acute respiratory symptoms after nivolumab administration.
Aboriginal patient and interpreter perspectives on the delivery of culturally safe hospital‐based care
Authors: Mithen Vincent , Kerrigan Vicki , Dhurrkay Galathi , Morgan Talena , Keilor Natasha , Castillon Craig , Hefler Marita , Ralph Anna P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedImproving equitable delivery of health care for Aboriginal people in northern Australia is a priority. This study sought to gauge patient experiences of hospitalisation and to identify strategies to improve equity in health care for Aboriginal patients. Aims were to validate an experience of care survey and document advice from Aboriginal interpreters.MethodsMedical charts of Aboriginal patients were audited for documentation of language and interpreter use. Aboriginal inpatients were surveyed using an adapted Australian Hospital Patient Experience Question Set. Multiple‐choice responses were compared with free‐text comments to explore validity. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Aboriginal interpreter staff.ResultsIn 68 charts audited, primary language was documented for only 30/68 (44%) people. Of 73 patient experience survey respondents, 49/73 (67%) indicated satisfaction with overall care; 64/73 (88%) indicated hospital staff communicated well in multiple‐choice responses. Respondents who gave positive multiple‐choice ratings nevertheless reported in free text responses concerns relating to social‐emotional support, loneliness, racism and food. Key themes from interviews included the benefits to patients from accessing interpreters, benefits of hospital‐based support for interpreters and the need for further service redesign.ConclusionsMultiple‐choice questions in the survey were of limited utility; respondents' free comments were more informative. Social and emotional wellbeing must be addressed in future experience‐of‐care evaluations. Aboriginal patients' language and cultural needs can be better met by improved systems approaches. Aboriginal interpreters are uniquely placed to advise on this.So What?Improving health communication is critical to equitable and effective health care. Interventions must be driven by Aboriginal perspectives.
Supporting patients to be involved in decisions about their health and care: Development of a best practice health literacy App for Australian adults living with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Muscat Danielle Marie , Lambert Kelly , Shepherd Heather , McCaffery Kirsten J. , Zwi Stephanie , Liu Na , Sud Kamal , Saunders John , O’Lone Emma , Kim Jinman , Robbins Aphra , Webster Angela C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedInadequate health literacy is common in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Patient information for people with CKD, including those with kidney failure requiring dialysis, is often written beyond their literacy level, and many CKD‐related apps are not accurate or evidence based. These represent important barriers to health care decision‐making and equity in access to health care.MethodsWe developed a cross‐platform application (the “SUCCESS app”) to support Australian adults with kidney failure requiring dialysis to actively participate in self‐management and decision‐making. App content was informed by health literacy theory which recognises the importance of reducing the complexity of health information as well as equipping consumers with the skills necessary to access, understand and act on this information. The development team comprised members of diverse backgrounds and expertise, including nursing, allied health, psychology, epidemiology, nephrology and IT, as well as consumer representatives.ResultsContent areas included diet, fluids, medicine, physical activity, emotional well‐being and supportive care, chosen as they represent important decision points in the CKD trajectory. To support functional health literacy, a four‐step process to simplify written content was used including calculating readability statistics, applying the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, supplementing written information with video and audio content, and incorporating micro‐learning and interactive quizzes. To develop communicative and critical health literacy skills, question prompt lists and evidence‐based volitional help sheets were included in each module to support question‐asking and behaviour change. We also developed animated skills training related to communication, shared decision‐making and critical appraisal of health information.ConclusionsThis is the first health literacy informed app developed to promote active patient participation in CKD management and decision‐making. Ongoing evaluation of the SUCCESS app through analysis of quantitative and qualitative data will provide valuable insights into the feasibility of implementing the app with dialysis patients, and the impact of the intervention of psychosocial and clinical outcomes.So what?Digital health solutions have been found to improve self‐management for chronic conditions, and could optimise the use of health care services and patient outcomes.
Atmospheric river orientation determines flood occurrence
Authors: Griffith Helen V. , Wade Andrew J. , Lavers David A. , Watts Glenn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtmospheric Rivers (ARs) have been linked to many of the largest recorded UK winter floods. These large‐scale features can be 500–800 km in width but produce markedly different flood responses in adjacent catchments. Here we combine meteorological and hydrological data to examine why two impermeable catchments on the west coast of Britain respond differently to landfalling ARs. This is important to help better understand flood generation associated with ARs and improve flood forecasting and climate‐change impact assessment. Analysis of 32 years of a newly available ERA5 high‐resolution atmospheric reanalysis and corresponding 15‐min river flow data show that the most impactful ARs arise through a combination of the orientation and magnitude of their water vapour flux. At the Dyfi catchment, AR orientations of between 238–258° result in the strongest hydrological responses, whereas at the Teifi the range is 224–243°. We believe this differential flood response is the result of catchment orientation and topography enhancing or suppressing orographic rainfall totals, even in relatively low‐relief coastal catchments. Further to the AR orientation, ARs must have an average water vapour flux of 400–450 kg m−1 s−1 across their lifetime. Understanding the preferential properties of impactful ARs at catchments allows for the linking of large‐scale synoptic features, such as ARs, directly to winter flood impacts. These results using two test catchments suggest a novel approach to flood forecasts through the inclusion of AR activity.
Detection and diagnosis of brain tumors‐framework using extreme machine learning and CANFIS classification algorithms
Authors: Jeevanantham V. , MohanBabu G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, brain tumors are detected and diagnosed using machine learning approaches in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has many real time clinical applications. Noise variations in brain images are detected and removed using index filter, which is proposed in this paper. Brain images devoid of noise content are in spatial domain format, which are not suitable for further feature extraction process. Hence, there is a need for converting all the spatial pixels into multi orientation pixels. In this paper, Gabor transform is used for spatial into multi oriented image conversion. The noise filtered images are transformed into multi orientation‐based brain image using Gabor transform method. Then, the hybrid features which are the integration of statistical and texture features (GLCM, gray level co‐occurrence matrix, and LDP, local derivative pattern), are computed from this transformed brain image. These computed features are classified using extreme machine learning (EML) approach, which categorizes the source brain image as normal or abnormal. Then, the segmented tumor regions are diagnosed using co‐active adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) classifier, which classifies the segmented regions as mild or severe. The proposed tumor detection and diagnosis methods are applied and tested on the brain images which are available as open access dataset. The performance of the proposed brain tumor detection method is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with classification rate.
The role of consultative alliance in infant and early childhood mental health consultation: Child, teacher, and classroom outcomes
Authors: Davis Annie E. , Barrueco Sandra , Perry Deborah F. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTYoung children's social–emotional development is powerfully shaped by their early environments, which for many includes early childhood education (ECE). Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC) pairs teachers and infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) consultants to promote teachers’ capacity to foster positive social–emotional development in ECE. Although the outcomes of IECMHC have been well studied, little research has investigated how this model leads to changes for teachers and children. According to theory, the quality of the relationship between teachers and IECMH consultants, termed consultative alliance (CA), is a key mechanism of change. This study analyzed the role of CA on 6‐month outcomes of IECMHC in a sample of 316 children, 289 teachers, and 62 IECMH consultants. Results from multilevel models suggested that stronger CA predicted greater improvements in teacher–child closeness and teacher‐rated child attachment behaviors. In addition, a strong CA was related to greater improvement in classroom climate, teachers’ self‐efficacy, and teachers’ perceptions of their jobs. This study upholds the centrality of relationship‐building and parallel process in mental health consultation, and by advancing understanding of the mechanisms of change for IECMHC may provide salient implications for policy and practice.
Use of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring vascular disrupting cancer treatments
Authors: Fadhel Muhannad N , Appak Baskoy Sila , Wang Yanjie , Hysi Eno , Kolios Michael C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVascular disrupting agents disrupt tumor vessels, blocking the nutritional and oxygen supply tumors need to thrive. This is achieved by damaging the endothelium lining of blood vessels, resulting in red blood cells (RBCs) entering the tumor parenchyma. RBCs present in the extracellular matrix are exposed to external stressors resulting in biochemical and physiological changes. The detection of these changes can be used to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an ideal candidate for probing RBCs due to their high optical absorption relative to surrounding tissue. The goal of this work is to use PA imaging to monitor the efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent 5,6‐Dimethylxanthenone‐4‐acetic acid (DMXAA) through quantitative analysis. Then, 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the left hind leg of eight BALB/c mice. After 10 days, half of the mice were treated with 15 mg/kg of DMXAA and the other half were injected with saline. All mice were imaged using the VevoLAZR X PA system before treatment, 24 and 72 hours after treatment. The imaging was done at six wavelengths and linear spectral unmixing was applied to the PA images to quantify three forms of hemoglobin (oxy, deoxy and met‐hemoglobin). After imaging, tumors were histologically processed and H&E and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tissue damage induced by the DMXAA treatment. The total hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged after treatment for the saline treated mice. For DMXAA treated mice, a 10% increase of deoxyhemoglobin concentration was detected 24 hours after treatment and a 22.6% decrease in total hemoglobin concentration was observed by 72 hours. A decrease in the PA spectral slope parameters was measured 24 hours after treatment. This suggests that DMXAA induces vascular damage, causing red blood cells to extravasate. Furthermore, H&E staining of the tumor showed areas of bleeding with erythrocyte deposition. These observations are further supported by the increase in TUNEL staining in DMXAA treated tumors, revealing increased cell death due to vascular disruption. This study demonstrates the capability of PA imaging to monitor tumor vessel disruption by the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA.
Light propagation within N95 filtered face respirators: A simulation study for UVC decontamination
Authors: Lilge Lothar , Manalac Angelica , Weersink Madrigal , Schwiegelshohn Fynn , Young‐Schultz Tanner , Abdalrhman Abdallatif Satti , Wang Chengjin , Ngan Aldrich , Gu Frank X. , Betz Vaughn , Hofmann Ron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents numerical simulations of UVC light propagation through seven different filtered face respirators (FFR) to determine their suitability for Ultraviolet germicidal inactivation (UVGI). UV propagation was modeled using the FullMonte program for two external light illuminations. The optical properties of the dominant three layers were determined using the inverse adding doubling method. The resulting fluence rate volume histograms and the lowest fluence rate recorded in the modeled volume, sometimes in the nW cm−2, provide feedback on a respirator's suitability for UVGI and the required exposure time for a given light source. While UVGI can present an economical approach to extend an FFR's useable lifetime, it requires careful optimization of the illumination setup and selection of appropriate respirators.
Pixel‐level angular quantification of capsular collagen in second harmonic generation microscopy images of encapsulated thyroid nodules
Authors: Hristu Radu , Eftimie Lucian G. , Paun Bogdan , Stanciu Stefan G. , Stanciu George A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolarization‐resolved second harmonic generation microscopy is used to provide pixel‐level angular distribution of collagen in thyroid nodule capsules. The pixel‐level angular distribution is combined with textural analysis to quantify the collagen distribution in follicular adenoma (benign) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (malignant). Three second order nonlinear susceptibility tensor elements ratios, the collagen angular distribution and two parameters accounting for the collagen angular dispersion in different sized areas are extracted and corresponding images are computed in a pixel‐by‐pixel fashion. Subsequently, we show that texture analysis can be performed on these images to detect significant differences between the considered benign and malignant nodule capsules.
Detecting mouse squamous cell carcinoma from submicron full‐field optical coherence tomography images by deep learning
Authors: Ho Chi‐Jui , Calderon‐Delgado Manuel , Chan Chin‐Cheng , Lin Ming‐Yi , Tjiu Jeng‐Wei , Huang Sheng‐Lung , Chen Homer H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe standard medical practice for cancer diagnosis requires histopathology, which is an invasive and time‐consuming procedure. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an alternative that is relatively fast, noninvasive, and able to capture three‐dimensional structures of epithelial tissue. Unlike most previous OCT systems, which cannot capture crucial cellular‐level information for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnosis, the full‐field OCT (FF‐OCT) technology used in this paper is able to produce images at sub‐micron resolution and thereby facilitates the development of a deep learning algorithm for SCC detection. Experimental results show that the SCC detection algorithm can achieve a classification accuracy of 80% for mouse skin. Using the sub‐micron FF‐OCT imaging system, the proposed SCC detection algorithm has the potential for in‐vivo applications.
Repetitive transcranial photobiomodulation but not long‐term omega‐3 intake reduces epileptiform discharges in rats with stroke‐induced epilepsy
Authors: Vogel Debora D.S. , Ortiz‐Villatoro Nancy N. , de Freitas Leandro , Aimbire Flavio , Scorza Fúlvio A. , Albertini Regiane , Scorza Carla A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a yet under‐recognized consequence after a stroke and nearly 30% of cases are pharmacoresistant. There is an unmet need for therapeutic interventions during epileptogenesis for better long‐term disease outcomes. Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) and omega‐3 (Ω‐3) dietary supplementation are two approaches that have been shown promising neuroprotective effects after brain injuries. Here, we studied the PBM treatment or Ω‐3 diet during epileptogenesis in long‐term recurrent spontaneous abnormal electrical discharges after stroke. Wistar rats received repetitive 780 nm‐laser in the scalp or oral diet with Ω‐3 for 2‐months after photothrombotic stroke. EEG recordings were performed 60 days after treatment end. PBM but not Ω‐3 reduced both electrographic seizure duration and spikes number in the ipsilateral and contralateral cortices and ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus. Conclusively, PBM reduced epileptiform discharges in stroke‐induced epilepsy. Our results suggest the PBM as a therapeutic approach for stroke‐induced epileptogenesis to minimize long‐term disease outcomes.
Photobiomodulation and estrogen stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential in angiotensin–II challenged porcine aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Gilon Dan , Beeri Ronen , Zuckerman Ayelet , Nachman Dean , Gertz S. David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRupture of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is among the 15 leading causes of death after age 65. Using high frequency ultrasound, we showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) prevents formation and progression of AAA in the angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II)‐infused, apolipoprotein‐e‐deficient mouse model. In the current study we report that while challenge of porcine aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) with Ang‐II (1 μM) resulted in a marked decay in mitochondrial membrane potential (MitMP) vs non‐challenged cells, treatment with PBM (continuous diode laser, 780 nm, 6.7 mW/cm2, 5 minutes, 2 J/cm2) or pre‐incubation with estrogen (50 nM, 1 hour) significantly attenuated this deterioration in MitMP. We also report that PBM and estrogen markedly affected porcine aortic SMC contraction and modified mitochondrial dispersion reflecting important influence on SMC function. These studies provide strong evidence of the important underlying role of mitochondria in the preventive effect of PBM on formation and progression of AAA and its reduced incidence and delayed onset in women.