bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two and Three-Dimensional CT Mapping of Hoffa Fractures
Authors: Xie Xuetao , Zhan Yu , Dong Minjie , He Qifang , Lucas Justin F. , Zhang Yingqi , Wang Yukai , Luo Congfeng 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Hoffa fractures, coronal-plane fractures involving the distal femoral condyles, are unstable, intra-articular fractures. The aim of this study was to define the location and frequency of fracture lines and comminution zones in Hoffa fractures using computed tomography (CT) mapping in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional contexts.

Methods:
Seventy-five Hoffa fractures (OTA/AO types 33B3.2 and 33B3.3) were retrospectively reviewed. The directions of fracture lines were characterized in the axial and sagittal CT planes. CT images for all fractures were superimposed on one another and oriented to fit a standard template. Mapping of fracture lines and comminution zones in both the axial and sagittal planes was performed. A 3-dimensional map was created by reducing reconstructed fracture fragments to fit to a model of the distal aspect of the femur.

Results:
This study included 1 bicondylar and 74 unicondylar (26 medial and 48 lateral) Hoffa fractures. Comminuted fractures accounted for 35.5% of all fractures and 44.9% of lateral fractures. Axial fracture mapping demonstrated that fracture lines were concentrated in the middle-third area of the lateral condyle but were less concentrated and with greater variation in the medial condyle. The mean angle of fracture lines with respect to the posterior condylar axis was 34.4° and 29.0° in the lateral and medial femoral condyles, respectively. Sagittal fracture mapping also demonstrated that fracture lines were concentrated in the middle third of the lateral condyle but were less concentrated in the medial condyle. The mean angle of fracture lines with respect to the posterior cortex of the distal femoral shaft was 23.1° and 19.3° in the lateral and medial condyles, respectively. Three-dimensional mapping demonstrated comminution zones commonly occurring in the weight-bearing zone of the lateral condylar articular surface.

Conclusions:
Hoffa fractures occurred more frequently in the lateral femoral condyle. In the axial plane, fractures commonly extended from anterolateral to posteromedial in the lateral condyle and from anteromedial to posterolateral in the medial femoral condyle. In the sagittal plane, fractures traversed from anteroinferior to posterosuperior. Articular comminution was more commonly seen in lateral condylar fractures and concentrated in the weight-bearing zone of the articular surface.

Clinical Relevance:
Research in this area is imperative for optimal preoperative planning, such as for the selection of surgical approach and fixation constructs. Our findings lend insight into fracture morphology, which can assist with fracture classification and the design of biomechanical studies, ultimately aiding in treatment.
A Multiphase, Multicomponent Reservoir-Simulation Framework for Miscible Gas and Steam Coinjection
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , James Scott C. , Mojarab Mohamad 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe solvent thermal resource innovation process (STRIP), a downhole steam-generation technology, has the capacity to show improved recovery factors with a significantly reduced environmental footprint compared with traditional thermal-enhanced-oil-recovery (TEOR) methods, most notably by delivering all the combustion heat to the pay zone. In this effort, a quarter-symmetry inverse-five-spot model and a multiphase, multicomponent reservoir-simulation framework were used to simulate the STRIP technology. Commercial simulators such as STARS - Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator [Computer Modelling Group Ltd. (CMG), Calgary, Alberta, Canada; CMG 2015b] often use the K-value approach to simulate TEOR. However, the method cannot simulate STRIP's carbon dioxide (CO2) and steam coinjection because the K-value method does not consider miscible gas injection. On the other hand, CMG's GEM - Compositional and Unconventional Simulator (CMG 2015a) includes the effects of miscible gases but does not provide comprehensive support for steam-injection processes, which are better handled by STARS. The novel simulation framework developed here leverages and combines the individual strengths of STARS (thermal features) and GEM (compositional features). In this framework, STARS simulated steam injection (but cannot directly simulate the effects of CO2) and was the governing model that synchronized temperature, pressure, and phase saturations for two parallel iterations of the GEM models (GEM-1 and GEM-2) at each timestep. Immiscible methane (CH4) was added to GEM models to maintain gas saturations equivalent to the STARS model. GEM-1 simulated hot-water and CH4 injection, but at increased rates to yield a pressure field and gas saturations equivalent to STARS. A final run of GEM-1 injected both CO2 and hot water and demonstrated the expected increase in oil production. Calibrated injection rates from GEM-1 were specified in GEM-2 to ensure equivalence of the pressure field. Next, the GEM-2 model also simulated hot-water and CH4 injection, but matched both water and oil productions along with oil saturations from the final GEM-1 run by altering relative permeabilities. Finally, the updated relative permeabilities were fed back to STARS, and iteration proceeded. Results from this framework were verified against a STARS steam-injection simulation. Finally, when considering coinjection of CO2, STRIP's superior performance was demonstrated through increased oil recovery and a lower steam/oil ratio (SOR).
Fully Coupled Modeling of Dynamic Loading of the Wellbore
Authors: Meng Meng , Miska Stefan Z. , Yu Mengjiao , Ozbayoglu Evren M. 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Loadings acting on a wellbore are more realistically regarded as dynamic rather than static, and the wellbore response under dynamic loading can be different from that under static loading. Under dynamic loading, the inertia term should be considered and the changing rate of loading could induce a change in the mechanical properties of the wellbore, which might compromise wellbore stability and integrity. In this paper, a fully coupled poroelastodynamic model is proposed to study wellbore behavior. This model not only considers fully coupled deformation/diffusion effects, but also includes both solid and fluid inertia terms. The implicit finite-difference method was applied to solve the governing equations, which allows this model to handle all kinds of dynamic loading conditions. After modifying the existing code only slightly, our numerical solution can neglect inertia terms. The numerical results were validated by comparing them to the analytical solution with a simulated sinusoidal boundary condition. To understand this model better, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and the influence of inertia terms was investigated. After that, the model was applied to analyze wellbore stability under tripping operations. The results show that the inertial effect is insignificant for tripping and a fully coupled, quasistatic model is recommended for wellbore stability under tripping operations. The fully coupled poroelastodynamic model should be used for rapid dynamic loading conditions, such as earthquakes and perforations.
Intra-abdominal infections: the role of different classifications on the selection of the best antibiotic treatment.
Authors: Nunes João Silva , Cardoso Teresa Maria Costa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) represent a serious cause of morbimortality. A full classification, including all facets of IAIs, does not exist. Two classifications are used to subdivide IAIs: uncomplicated or complicated, considering infection extent; and community-acquired, healthcare-associated or hospital-acquired, regarding the place of acquisition. Inadequate antibiotic therapy is associated with treatment failure and increased mortality. This study was designed to determine accuracy of different classifications of IAIs to identify infections by pathogens sensitive to current treatment guidelines helping the selection of the best antibiotic therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all adult patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of IAI between 1st of January and 31st of October 2016. All variables potentially associated with pre-defined outcomes: infection by a pathogen sensitive to non-pseudomonal cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole (ATB 1, primary outcome), sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (ATB 2) and hospital mortality (secondary outcomes) were studied through logistic regression. Accuracy of the models was assessed by area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve and calibration was tested using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: Of 1804 patients screened 154 met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity to ATB 1 was independently associated with male gender (adjusted OR=2.612) and previous invasive procedures in the last year (adjusted OR=0.424) (AUROC curve=0,65). Sensitivity to ATB 2 was independently associated with liver disease (adjusted OR=3.580) and post-operative infections (adjusted OR=2.944) (AUROC curve=0.604). Hospital mortality was independently associated with age≥70 (adjusted OR=4.677), solid tumour (adjusted OR=3.127) and sensitivity to non-pseudomonal cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole (adjusted OR=0.368). The accuracy of pre-existing classifications to identify infection by a pathogen sensitive to ATB 1 was 0.59 considering place of acquisition, 0.61 infection extent and 0.57 local of infection, for ATB 2 it was 0.66, 0.50 and 0.57, respectively. Conclusion: None of existing classifications had a good discriminating power to identify IAIs caused by pathogens sensitive to current antibiotic treatment recommendations. A new classification, including patients’ individual characteristics like those included in the current model, might have a higher potential to distinguish IAIs by resistant pathogens allowing a better choice of empiric antibiotic therapy. Keywords: intra-abdominal infections; classification; antibiotic therapy; hospital mortality.
Magnitude of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors among Food Handlers Working at Woldia University Student’s Cafeteria, Northeastern Ethiopia: An institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemnew Birhan , Belay Yalemzewud , Demis Asmamaw 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: the main of this study was to assess the Magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among food handlers working at Woldia University Student’s cafeteria, Northeastern Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 study participants in Woldia university student’s cafeteria, Northern Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire by direct interviewing of study participants. Logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections.
Results: A total of 256 food handlers were enrolled making the overall magnitude of the intestinal parasite which was stool specimens positive for different diagnostic stages of parasites was found to be 43(16.8%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the most prevalent parasites 14(5.5%), followed by Giardia lamblia 10(3.9%). Lack of food safety training [AOR = 6.58; 95%CI: 2.46–17.62], no regular medical checkup [AOR=2.41; 95 %CI: 1.47-4.24], no handwashing practice after toilet by soap[AOR =3.24; 95%CI: 1.28-8.19], no handwashing practice before eating by soap [AOR =4.03; 95%CI:1.64-9.91] and haven’t food preparation license [AOR= 6.13; 95 % CI: 2.18-17.22] were significantly associated with parasitic infection among food handlers.
Keywords: Intestinal parasites, Food handlers, Student cafeteria, Woldia University
Analysis of reporting completeness in exercise cancer trials: a systematic review
Authors: Meneses-Echavez Jose F , Elkins Mark , Rodriguez-Prieto Indira , Martinez-Torres Javier , Nguyen Lien , Bidonde Julia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Exercise is an effective therapeutic intervention for cancer survivors. Concerns about the completeness of reporting of exercise interventions have been raised in the literature, but without any formal analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of reporting of exercise interventions for cancer survivors in a representative sample of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods We developed a pre-defined protocol. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for exercise trials in oncology between 2010 and 2017. Pairs of independent researchers screened the records, extracted study characteristics, and TIDieR criteria. The 12-item TIDieR checklist was used to generate a score of reporting completeness, based on how much of the recommended content was reported in the included trials. Because Item 5 on the checklist has two components and Item 8 has four components, the derived score was calculated as how many of the 16 components were reported, converted to a percentage. Results We included 131 RCTs reporting 138 interventions in the analysis. Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer (69, 50%), and aerobic exercise was the most studied exercise modality (43, 30%) followed by combined aerobic and resistance training (40, 28%). Completeness of reporting ranged from 42% to 96% among the TIDieR items; none of the items was fully reported. ‘Intervention length’ was the most reported item across interventions (133, 96%), followed by ‘rationale’ (131, 95%), whereas ‘provider’ (58, 42%) and ‘how well (planned)’ (63, 46%) were the two least reported items. Half of the TIDieR items were completely reported in 50% to 70% of the interventions, and only four items were reported in more than 80% of the interventions (Items 2 and 8a to c). The seven items deemed to be core for replication (Items 3 to 9) exhibited a mean reporting of 71%, ranging from 42% to 96%. Conclusion Exercise training interventions for cancer survivors are incompletely reported across RCTs published between 2010 and 2017. The reporting of information about the provider, materials, and modifications require urgent improvements. Stronger reporting will enhance usability of trial reports by both healthcare providers and survivors, and will help to reduce research waste.
The Dental Complications of Canine Tooth Bud Removal in 2-12 Years Old Children in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Amare , Assefa Berihun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objective: Canine tooth bud removal is a process of gouging out an infant’s canine tooth buds, using unsterile tools such as Sharpe blade, garlic, or knitting needle, without anesthesia. The aim of the study was to reveal dental complications of canine tooth bud removal among children visited the dental clinic of the University of Gondar hospital. This study was an institution-based cross-sectional conducted from January 2015-September 2016 at university of Gondar hospital on 2-12 years children. The tooth was assessed for whether it had previously oral mutilated or not. In addition to this, the oral cavity was evaluated for the presence of missed, malformed or normal canine
Results : A group of 355 children aged 2-12 years was examined clinically. The mean age of the children was 7.32±3.12 (SD). The prevalence of canine tooth bud removal was 86.8% which was high in 6-9 years old (54.87%) and first position children (40.26%). The most common dental complications were; malformed enamel (hypoplastic) canine (48.5%) and missed/Unerupted canine (38.6%).
Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Anesthesia in the Operating Room
Authors: Faruki Adeel Ahmad , Nguyen Thy , Proeschel Samantha , Levy Nadav , Yu Jessica , Ip Victoria , Mueller Ariel , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , O’Gara Brian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have resulted in its expansion into healthcare. Preliminary studies have found VR to be effective as an adjunct to anesthesia to reduce pain and anxiety for patients during upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, dental procedures and joint arthroplasties. Current standard care practice for upper extremity surgery includes a combination of regional anesthesia and intraoperative propofol sedation. Commonly, patients receive deep propofol sedation during these cases, leading to potentially avoidable risks of over-sedation, hypotension, upper airway obstruction, and apnea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR technology to promote relaxation for patients undergoing upper extremity surgery, thereby reducing intraoperative anesthetic requirements and improving the perioperative patient experience. Methods In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 40 adult patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic surgery will be randomly allocated to either intraoperative VR immersion or usual care. VR immersion is designed to provide patients a relaxing virtual environment to alleviate intraoperative anxiety. All patients receive a peripheral nerve block prior to surgery. Patients in the intervention group will select videos or immersive environments that will be played in the VR headset during surgery. An anesthesia provider will perform their usual clinical responsibilities intraoperatively and can administer anesthetic medications if/when clinically necessary. Patients in the control arm will undergo perioperative anesthesia according to standard care practice. The primary outcome is the difference in intraoperative propofol dose between groups. Secondary outcomes include postoperative analgesia requirements and pain scores, length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, overall patient satisfaction and postoperative functional outcomes. Discussion It is unknown whether the use of VR during upper extremity surgery can reduce intraoperative anesthetic requirements, reduce perioperative complications, or improve the postoperative patient experience. A positive result of this clinical trial would add to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of VR as an adjunct to anesthesia in reducing intraoperative pain and anxiety for multiple procedure types. This could lead to a change in practice, with the introduction of a non-pharmacologic intervention potentially reducing the burden of over-sedation while still providing a satisfactory perioperative experience.
Liver Cirrhosis, Etiology and Clinical Characteristics Disparities among Minority Population
Authors: Tailakh Muhammad Abu , Poupko Liat , Kayyal Najwan , Ali Alsana , Etzion Ohad , Abu-Kaf Heba , Fich Alexander , Yardni David , Nevo-Shor Anat , Ganim Abed Abu , Abu-Freha Naim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a common disease with varied primary causes and ethnic disparities. We aimed to determine the frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of LC among the Arab Bedouin (AB) population in southern Israel. Methods: This retrospective and follow-up study enrolled all patients diagnosed with LC at the gastroenterology and hepatology department or the internal medicine ward. Patient records were reviewed for demographic, clinical data, and mortality. Clinical primary outcomes were defined as death, hepatocellular carcinoma or liver transplantation. Results: We included 820 patients 69 (8.4%) AB and 752 (91.6%) Jewish patients. Incidence of cirrhosis found in our study was much lower among AB patients, 5-10/100,000/year, compared with 20-40/100,000 per year in Jewish patients. Age at diagnosis was 42.6±16.9 years among Bedouins compared to 61±13 years (p<0.001) among Jews. The study included 25 (36.2%) male AB and 472 (63%) male Jewish patients (p<0.001). The most frequent causes of LC among AB were cryptogenic (24.6%), hepatitis B (18.8%) and autoimmune hepatitis (17.4%), while hepatitis C (41.7%), fatty liver (16.5%) and alcoholic liver disease (15.5%) were most common among Jewish patients. An all-cause mortality of 41.8% was found in AB patients compared to 63.4% in Jewish patients (p<0.001). Primary clinical outcomes were found by 34 (49%) AB patients and by 510 (67.9%) Jewish patients (p=0.002), with 46 and 608 events, retrospectively. Conclusions: The incidence of liver cirrhosis among Arab Bedouin is lower than that in the Jewish population, with disparities in etiology, age at diagnosis, presence of complications and mortality.
Bactericidal Efficacy of Meropenem in Combination with Cefmetazole against IMP-producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Abe Ryuichiro , Hagiya Hideharu , Akeda Yukihiro , Yamamoto Norihisa , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tomono Kazunori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are among the most severe threats to public and clinical health because of their high levels of resistance to various antibiotics. We assessed the efficacy of combination therapy with meropenem (MEM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) against Imipenemase (IMP)-producing CRE, using the checkerboard method and time-killing assay on 13 Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring blaIMP-1 (4 Enterobacter hormaechei, 5 Escherichia coli, and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) and 13 isolates harboring blaIMP-6 (8 E. coli and 5 K. pneumoniae isolates). Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MEM and CMZ ranged from 2 to 64 and 64 to 2048 μg/mL, respectively. Checkerboard method demonstrated the synergy of the MEM/CMZ combination in all the tested IMP-producing CRE isolates, and the time-kill assay indicated a bactericidal effect for both blaIMP-1 and blaIMP-6 positive CRE when MEM/CMZ combination was used. In vitro, the MEM/CMZ combination was potentially effective against IMP-1- or IMP-6-producing CRE. Further investigations including in vivo animal studies and clinical studies are warranted to corroborate the clinical utility of the novel combination therapy.
Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Eastern China Microbial Etiology and Multidrug-Resistance
Authors: She Jun , Wang Yuli , Ni Xiaoying , Huang Shenglei , Jia Ping , Yang Ping , Zhu Lei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Limited information existed about the distributions of microbial etiology and drug-resistance with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in China, partly attributing to the antibiotics abuse in rearing livestock for Chinese farmers in recent decades. Moreover, the relevant guidelines have not been updated for at least a decade.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital (Shanghai, China). All consecutive cases of severe CAP diagnosed in Respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) and Emergency ICU were included. We assessed the microbial etiology features and multidrug-resistance (MDR) status. The risk factors were used by multivariate analyses for outcomes.Results: One hundred and twelve adults with severe CAP in ICUs, mean age of 65.7±15.1 years were studied. Etiological diagnoses were established in 76 (67.9%) cases; Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen in 27 (35.5%) cases followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n=15, 19.7%) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=9, 11.8%); While Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=3, 3.9%) was ranked the 6 th in the study. The majority of pathogens were the MDR and the 30-days mortality rate was 43.8% in severe CAP patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR, 6.88; 95%CI, 1.13-41.83), Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)≥5(OR, 12.30; 95%CI, 1.79-84.55) was associated to death.Conclusions: The study indicates a change in the usual pattern of microbiol etiology of severe CAP and the MDR emerged in the majority of pathogens over a decade in eastern China. Enhanced control of using antibiotics to reduce the acquired resistance is urgent.