bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nondetection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
Authors: Kasper David , Bean Jacob L. , Oklopčić Antonija , Malsky Isaac , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Désert Jean-Michel , Rogers Leslie A. , Mansfield Megan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a search for helium in the upper atmospheres of three sub-Neptune-sized planets to investigate the origins of these ubiquitous objects. The detection of helium for a low-density planet would be strong evidence for the presence of a primary atmosphere accreted from the protoplanetary nebula because large amounts of helium are not expected in the secondary atmospheres of rocky planets. We used Keck+NIRSPEC to obtain high-resolution transit spectroscopy of the planets GJ 1214b, GJ 9827d, and HD 97658b around the 10833 Å He triplet feature. We did not detect helium absorption for any of the planets despite achieving a high level of sensitivity. We used the nondetections to set limits on the planets’ thermosphere temperatures and atmospheric loss rates by comparing grids of 1D models to the data. We also performed coupled interior structure and atmospheric loss calculations, which suggest that the bulk atmospheres (winds) of the planets would be at most modestly enhanced (depleted) in helium relative to their primordial composition. Our lack of detections of the helium triplet for GJ 1214b and GJ 9827d is highly inconsistent with the predictions of models for the present-day mass loss on these planets. Higher signal-to-noise data would be needed to detect the helium feature predicted for HD 97658b. We identify uncertainties in the extreme-ultraviolet fluxes of the host stars and the lack of detailed mass-loss models specifically for cool and metal-enhanced atmospheres as the main limitations to the interpretation of our results. Ultimately, our results suggest that the upper atmospheres of sub-Neptune planets are fundamentally different from those of gas giant planets.
A Multiwavelength Analysis of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): the Nature of the Ultra-faint Radio Population
Authors: Algera H. S. B. , van der Vlugt D. , Hodge J. A. , Smail I. R. , Novak M. , Radcliffe J. F. , Riechers D. A. , Röttgering H. , Smolčić V. , Walter F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultra-deep radio surveys are an invaluable probe of dust-obscured star formation, but require a clear understanding of the relative contribution from radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to be used to their fullest potential. We study the composition of the μJy radio population detected in the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array COSMOS-XS survey based on a sample of 1540 sources detected at 3 GHz over an area of ∼350 arcmin2. This ultra-deep survey consists of a single pointing in the well-studied COSMOS field at both 3 and 10 GHz and reaches rms sensitivities of 0.53 and 0.41 μJy beam−1, respectively. We find multiwavelength counterparts for 97% of radio sources, based on a combination of near-UV/optical to sub-millimeter data, and through a stacking analysis at optical/near-IR wavelengths we further show that the sources lacking such counterparts are likely to be high-redshift in nature (typical z ∼ 4−5). Utilizing the multiwavelength data over COSMOS, we identify AGNs through a variety of diagnostics and find these to make up 23.2 ± 1.3% of our sample, with the remainder constituting uncontaminated star-forming galaxies. However, more than half of the AGNs exhibit radio emission consistent with originating from star formation, with only 8.8 ± 0.8% of radio sources showing a clear excess in radio luminosity. At flux densities of ∼30 μJy at 3 GHz, the fraction of star formation-powered sources reaches ∼90%, and this fraction is consistent with unity at even lower flux densities. Overall, our findings imply that ultra-deep radio surveys such as COSMOS-XS constitute a highly effective means of obtaining clean samples of star formation-powered radio sources.
An ALMA Survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS Field: The Far-infrared/Radio Correlation for High-redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Algera H. S. B. , Smail I. , Dudzevičiūtė U. , Swinbank A. M. , Stach S. , Hodge J. A. , Thomson A. P. , Almaini O. , Arumugam V. , Blain A. W. , Calistro-Rivera G. , Chapman S. C. , Chen C.-C , da Cunha E. , Farrah D. , Leslie S. , Scott D. , van der Vlugt D. , Wardlow J. L. , van der Werf P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the radio properties of 706 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) selected at 870 μm with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey map of the Ultra Deep Survey field. We detect 273 SMGs at >4σ in deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 1.4 GHz observations, of which a subset of 45 SMGs are additionally detected in 610 MHz Giant Metre-Wave Radio Telescope imaging. We quantify the far-infrared/radio correlation (FIRRC) through parameter q
IR, defined as the logarithmic ratio of the far-infrared and radio luminosity, and include the radio-undetected SMGs through a stacking analysis. We determine a median q
IR = 2.20 ± 0.03 for the full sample, independent of redshift, which places these z ∼ 2.5 dusty star-forming galaxies 0.44 ± 0.04 dex below the local correlation for both normal star-forming galaxies and local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Both the lack of redshift evolution and the offset from the local correlation are likely the result of the different physical conditions in high-redshift starburst galaxies, compared to local star-forming sources. We explain the offset through a combination of strong magnetic fields (B ≳ 0.2 mG), high interstellar medium (ISM) densities and additional radio emission generated by secondary cosmic rays. While local ULIRGs are likely to have similar magnetic field strengths, we find that their compactness, in combination with a higher ISM density compared to SMGs, naturally explains why local and high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies follow a different FIRRC. Overall, our findings paint SMGs as a homogeneous population of galaxies, as illustrated by their tight and nonevolving far-infrared/radio correlation.
A Strong-lensing Model for the WMDF JWST/GTO Very Rich Cluster A1489
Authors: Zitrin Adi , Acebron Ana , Coe Dan , Kelly Patrick L. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Nonino Mario , Windhorst Rogier A. , Frye Brenda , Pascale Massimo , Broadhurst Tom , Cohen Seth H. , Diego Jose M. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Jansen Rolf A. , Larson Rebecca L. , Yan Haojing , Alpaslan Mehmet , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Conselice Christopher J. , Griffiths Alex , Strolger Louis-Gregory , B. Wyithe J. Stuart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a first strong-lensing model for the galaxy cluster RM J121218.5+273255.1 (z = 0.35; hereafter RMJ1212; also known as A1489). This cluster is among the top 0.1% richest clusters in the redMaPPer catalog; it is significantly detected in X-ray and through the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect in ROSAT and Planck data, respectively, and its optical luminosity distribution implies a very large lens, following mass-to-light scaling relations. Based on these properties it was chosen for the Webb Medium Deep Fields (WMDF) James Webb Space Telescope/Guaranteed Time Observations program. In preparation for this program, RMJ1212 was recently imaged with Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini North and in seven optical and near-infrared bands with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We use these data to map the inner mass distribution of the cluster, uncovering various sets of multiple images. We also search for high-redshift candidates in the data, as well as for transient sources. We find over a dozen high-redshift (z ≳ 6) candidates based on both photometric redshift and the dropout technique. No prominent (≳5σ) transients were found in the data between the two HST visits. Our lensing analysis reveals a relatively large lens with an effective Einstein radius of θ
E ≃ 32 ± 3″ (z

s
= 2), in broad agreement with the scaling-relation expectations. RMJ1212 demonstrates that powerful lensing clusters can be selected in a robust and automated way following the light-traces-mass assumption.
Existence of the Metal-rich Stellar Halo and High-velocity Thick Disk in the Galaxy
Authors: Yan Yepeng , Du Cuihua , Li Hefan , Shi Jianrong , Ma Jun , Newberg Heidi Jo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the second Gaia data release (DR2), combined with the LAMOST and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys, we study the kinematics and metallicity distribution of the high-velocity stars that have a relative speed of at least 220

with respect to the local standard of rest in the Galaxy. The rotational velocity distribution of the high-velocity stars with [Fe/H]

dex can be well described by a two-Gaussian model, with peaks at

and

, associated with the thick disk and halo, respectively. This implies that there should exist a high-velocity thick disk (HVTD) and a metal-rich stellar halo (MRSH) in the Galaxy. The HVTD stars have the same position as the halo in the Toomre diagram but show the same rotational velocity and metallicity as the canonical thick disk. The MRSH stars have basically the same rotational velocity, orbital eccentricity, and position in the Lindblad and Toomre diagram as the canonical halo stars, but they are more metal-rich. Furthermore, the metallicity distribution function of our sample stars are well fitted by a four-Gaussian model, associated with the outer halo, inner halo, MRSH, and HVTD, respectively. Chemical and kinematic properties and age imply that the MRSH and HVTD stars may form in situ.
Tracing Dark Matter Halos with Satellite Kinematics and the Central Stellar Velocity Dispersion of Galaxies
Authors: Seo Gangil , Sohn Jubee , Lee Myung Gyoon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has been suggested that the central stellar velocity dispersion of galaxies can trace dark matter halo mass directly. We test this hypothesis using a complete spectroscopic sample of isolated galaxies surrounded by faint satellite galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12. We apply a friends-of-friends algorithm with projected linking length

and radial velocity linking length

km s−1 to construct our sample. Our sample includes 2807 isolated galaxies with 3417 satellite galaxies at

. We divide the sample into two groups based on the primary galaxy color: red and blue primary galaxies separated at

. The central stellar velocity dispersions of the primary galaxies are proportional to the luminosities and stellar masses of the same galaxies. Stacking the sample based on the central velocity dispersion of the primary galaxies, we derive the velocity dispersions of their satellite galaxies, which trace the dark matter halo mass of the primary galaxies. The system velocity dispersion of the satellite galaxies shows a remarkably tight correlation with the central velocity dispersion of the primary galaxies for both red and blue samples. In particular, the slope of the relation is identical to 1 for red primary systems. This tight relation suggests that the central stellar velocity dispersion of galaxies is indeed an efficient and robust tracer for dark matter halo mass. We provide empirical relations between the central stellar velocity dispersion and the dark matter halo mass.
Ville et gouvernementalité néolibérale en Amérique latine
Authors: Quentin Aurélie 
Published: November 2020

Cet article vise à contribuer au débat ouvert depuis quelques années en sciences sociales sur la manière dont la gouvernementalité néolibérale agit sur les subjectivités. Il s’intéresse aux liens entre l’accès à la propriété et la production politique des espaces urbains en Amérique latine, considérant celle-ci comme l’un des effets de cette subjectivation. À travers l’étude de la rationalité politique du programme de subvention au logement développé en Équateur à partir de 1998 et d’une enquête menée à Quito auprès d’un groupe de femmes en ayant bénéficié, il cherche à éclairer comment cette modalité d’accès au logement agit concrètement sur la transformation des subjectivités pour produire un affaiblissement de la « volonté générale » des individus. Il montre que cela passe notamment par l’objectivation des « bénéficiaires », la responsabilisation individuelle, la normalisation du rapport au logement et la dépolitisation des formes d’encadrement social.
Que peut apporter la théorie de l’attachement aux psychologues du conseil ?
Authors: Mallet Pascal 
Published: November 2020

Cet article examine l’intérêt que la théorie de l’attachement (T.A.) pourrait présenter pour la psychologie du conseil. Dans une première partie, on rappelle comment la T.A. a été inspirée par trois sources : psychologie clinique et pathologique, éthologie, et cybernétique. L’évolution des recherches sur la T.A. est exposée, en particulier son intérêt croissant pour les différences interindividuelles de développement socio-émotionnel au-delà de la prime enfance. Dans une deuxième partie, on commence par envisager les effets favorables que pourraient avoir des attachements confiants aux parents sur la découverte des formations scolaires et professionnelles par les adolescents, et sur leur engagement dans celles-ci. On rapporte ensuite les recommandations que des psychologues du conseil ont tirées de la T.A. pour la conduite de l’entretien, en explicitant certaines des métaphores qui lui sont empruntées en cette occasion. On termine en soulignant combien la prise en compte des aspects socio-émotionnels dans la conduite de l’entretien et dans l’examen de la situation du consultant accroît la possibilité de mobiliser chez lui les stratégies de formation les plus pertinentes.
Problems of New Abortion Legislation in Germany.
Authors: Starck Christian 
Published: November 2020

The article points out the inadequate protection of an unborn child under the German abortion legislation. In the light of the constitutional prerequisite, that unborn human life enjoys human dignity which has to be protected by the state, it emphasises that the Federal Constitutional Court accepted the counselling-based model passed by the legislature under the condition that the counselling is carried out in good faith with the purpose to defend the life of the unborn child.
In an analysis of the abortion legislation the author outlines several lacks in the legislation compared to the requirements given by the Court. Furthermore, these requirements were undermined by the admission of the abortion drug mifepristone in 1999. As time constraints arise, if a pregnant woman intends a medicated abortion by using mifepristone, she is prevented from seriously attending the counselling. For this reason the minimum level of unborn life protection established by the Court would be breached clearly now and the legislature is asked by the author to amend the protection for the life of the unborn child.
Il trattamento del cancro polmonare: evidenze scientifiche e valori bioetici in conflitto nelle scelte terapeutiche
Authors: Toraldo Domenico Maurizio 
Published: November 2020

Il cancro del polmone costituisce una delle principali cause di morte dei paesi europei. La malattia se inoperabile ha una prognosi generalmente infausta e circa l’80% dei pazienti muore entro un anno dalla diagnosi. Stabilire un efficace piano di trattamento costituisce una priorità di salute pubblica e oggetto di continuo dibattito scientifico.
La diagnosi precoce offre la possibilità al malato di usufruire del trattamento chirurgico che può guarire la malattia. La polichemioterapia e la radioterapia si rivelano spesso fallimentari e nel migliore dei casi possono allungare di qualche mese la vita del malato al costo di sofferenze importanti.
Nella pratica clinica in molti ospedali italiani pur non esistendo un protocollo diagnostico-terapeutico di riferimento, e il trattamento medico viene proposto, nella maggior parte dei casi, senza un adeguato consenso informato che spieghi al paziente le difficoltà e la complessità terapeutiche ed il paziente nella maggior parte dei casi non partecipa alle decisioni che lo riguardano.
L’Autore attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica recente mette a punto il problema dal punto di vista tecnico e affronta contestualmente i numerosi problemi bioetici e deontologici sollevati dall’assenza sia di un’etica della comunicazione nelle problematiche della diagnosi e della terapia sia della relazione di cura cioè nella conduzione della terapia nel tempo, mettendo in evidenza le inesauribili possibilità curative che il medico dovrebbe evidenziare con la su presenza e con il suo attaccamento al malato.
Viene analizzato il ruolo decisivo del medico nelle ultime fasi della vita del paziente e l’utilità della medicina palliativa nella sedazione del dolore e nel controllo dei sintomi come forma di rispetto della dignità della persona. Infine l’Autore auspica la necessità di una formazione etica e deontologica attraverso corsi di aggiornamento obbligatorio del medico ospedaliero per poter acquisire una consapevolezza dei valori in gioco.
Some Remarks Concerning the Embryos Bill of the Dutch Government
Authors: Eijk Willem J. 
Published: November 2020

After many years of delay the actual Dutch government has presented a detailed bill regarding embryo experiments, which has recently been passed by Parliament, but still has to be discussed in the senate. While permitting research with rest embryos for medical-biological ends, it forbids, albeit for the time being, creating embryos solely for the purpose of research. The bill includes, however, the possibility to decide after three to five years by Royal Decree that embryos may also be created only for scientific research. A few articles which will then be effective are already written into the bill. It has thus been stipulated beforehand the embryos especially created for scientific purposes may only be used for research concerning infertility, artificial reproduction, congenital abnormalities and transplant medicine.
The government has proposed the permission of experiments with rest embryos and a temporary prohibitions of creating embryos solely for research taking into account four factors: respect for human life, the interest of medical science, the social acceptability of the creation for solely research in the Netherlands and that abroad. The original idea of possibly allowing after five to seven years the modification of the genetic material of the nucleus of germ cells has been abandoned in line with the 2001/20/EC European Directive regarding the mutual harmonisation of provisions concerning medical research.
Room is however left for the ‘in vitro nuclear transplantation’ (or better cytoplasm transplantation) for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders. After that the creation of embryos for other purposes than pregnancy will have been allowed, cloning will be permitted for transplant medicine, but not for the production of a series of genetically identical individuals. The fusion of human and animal gametes is only permitted if the resulting being will not reach multicellular stage. According to the bill it is permitted to create chimeras by combining human with other human or animal embryos with a view to investigating human embryonal development, provided that the resulting chimera will not be kept alive longer than two weeks. The bill is here discussed from the perspective of catholic morla doctrine and international conventions.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Berger Yael , Gingold-Belfer Rachel , Khatib Muhammad , Yassin Mostafa , Khoury Wisam , Schmilovitz-Weiss Hemda , Issa Nidal 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is considered the procedure of choice for rectal adenomas non-amendable for endoscopic excision and for early rectal cancer. TEM may gain more importance in patients who are considered unfit for major surgery. The option of spinal anaesthesia may offer many advantages for patients undergoing TEM while maintaining the principles of complete tumour excision. The aim of this study is to report the outcome of patients undergoing TEM under spinal anaesthesia.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical data pertaining patients undergoing TEM under spinal anaesthesia between 2004 and 2015 were retrospectively collected.

Results:
A total of 158 TEM procedures were recorded in the study period. Twenty-three patients (15%) underwent the procedure under spinal anaesthesia and were included in the study; 13 of them were male and ten were female. The mean age of the patients was 69.1 ± 10.6 years. Seventeen (74%) rectal lesions were adenomas, two (9%) were adenocarcinoma and four (17%) had involved margins after polypectomy. The mean tumour size was 2.1 cm (range, 0.5–3). Distance from the anal verge was 7.7 ± 2.2 cm. Seventeen (74%) lesions were in the posterior wall. The operative time was 73 min (range, 46–108) No adverse anaesthesia-related events were recorded, and the post-operative pain was reduced. The median time of hospitalisation was 2 days (range, 1–4). No major complications were noted, and the minor complications were treated conservatively. The surgical margins were free of tumour in all cases.

Conclusion:
TEM under spinal anaesthesia had short duration of surgery, no increase in operative and post-operative complications or hospital length of stay. Avoiding the use of general anaesthesia, in such challenging procedure, may open new opportunities for patients determined to be unfit for general anaesthesia.
Effects on Physician Practice After Exposure to a Patient-Centered Care Curriculum During Residency
Authors: Christmas Colleen , Dunning Kathy , Hanyok Laura A. , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Rand Cynthia S. , Record Janet D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
A novel patient-centered curricular experience was implemented in an internal medicine residency program in 2007. There is little published evidence that what is taught in residency affects practice after graduation.

Objective
We sought to evaluate whether graduates perceived any long-term effects of participation in this patient-centered curriculum.

Methods
From July to September 2015, a web-based survey with quantitative and qualitative components was sent to graduates of the program to assess self-reported effects of this curriculum on current practice. Graduates spent 2 to 8 weeks on the intervention team during their training. Responses to open-ended questions were independently coded by 2 investigators, using the editing analysis method. Emergent themes and representative quotes are reported.

Results
Of 150 residents who completed at least 1 year of training from 2007 to 2014, 94 of 110 (85%) with available email addresses responded to this survey. Of respondents, 21 (22%) were still in fellowship training, and 71 (76%) were in full-time practice. The majority responded “a great deal” when asked if the experience was valuable to their training as a physician (72 of 94, 77%) or influenced their practice (59 of 94, 63%). Free-text comments indicate that residents felt the experience enhanced their understanding of social determinants of health, communication skills, relationship building, and ability to tailor treatments to individual patients.

Conclusions
Internal medicine residency graduates reported that exposure to a curriculum focused on knowing patients as individuals had important enduring effects on their practice.