bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mitigator in Mandarin: the sentence-final particleba(吧)
Authors: Fang Hongmei , Hengeveld Kees 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt has been widely claimed in the literature that the sentence-final particlebain Mandarin Chinese is a modal element. This article argues against this claim and shows thatbais an element that has a unified mitigating function with scope over the utterance as a whole. Using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), and more specifically its hierarchical, layered organization, the article provides several arguments that support this new classification ofba. First,ba, like mitigators in general, but unlike modal elements, can occur in sentences with different basic illocutions. Second,bamay co-occur with modal elements of all different subtypes and thus cannot be a modal element itself. Third,bamay occur in sentences in which the speaker is highly confident of the propositional content. Fourth, unlike modal elements,bamay occur in certain types of non-propositional utterances. And fifth, the position thatbaoccupies with respect to other sentence-final particles shows that it has scope over the utterance as a whole. After thus arguing for the status ofbaas a mitigator, we show how the general mitigating function ofbacan acquire the more specific mitigating effects that have previously been attributed to it in the literature.
A multimodal discourse analysis of English dentistry texts written by Saudi undergraduate students: A study of theme and information structure
Authors: Alyousef Hesham Suleiman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study of multimodality in discourse reveals the way writers articulate their intended meanings and intentions. Systemic functional analyses of oral biology discourse have been limited to few studies; yet, no published study has investigated multimodal textual features. This qualitative study explored and analyzed the multimodal textual features in undergraduate dentistry texts. The systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) is framed by Halliday’s (Halliday, M. A. K. 2014.Introduction to Functional Grammar. Revised by Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. 4th ed. London/New York: Taylor and Francis) linguistic tools for the analysis of Theme and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen. 2006.Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge) framework for the analysis of visual designs. Oral biology discourse intertwines two thematic progression patterns: constant and linear. Although a split-rheme pattern was minimally employed, disciplinary-specific functions of this pattern emerged. The SF-MDA of the composition of information in oral biology pictures extends Kress and van Leeuwen’s functional interpretations of the meaning-making resources of visual artifacts. Finally, the pedagogical implications for science tutors and for undergraduate nonnative science students are presented.
Metaphysical Primitives: Machines and Assemblages in Deleuze, DeLanda, and Bryant
Authors: Kleinherenbrink Arjen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome variants of Object-Oriented Ontology define entities in terms of their powers. Such variants are rooted in Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theory of “machinic assemblages”. This article asks whether such entities can be metaphysical primitives with regard to similarity and change. This is the case if no further existents are needed to account for these two features of reality. According to Levi Bryant’s machine-oriented ontology, entities defined in terms of powers are such primitives. According to Manuel DeLanda’s assemblage theory, they are not. DeLanda therefore holds that further metaphysical primitives must exist. After reconstructing the key features of the theories involved, I argue that Bryant’s position is ultimately more parsimonious, and that DeLanda’s theory confuses epistemological models with ontological realities.
Ἰουδαίαν in Acts 2:9: a Diachronic Overview of its Conjectured Emendations
Authors: Altena Vincent van , Krans Jan , Bakker Henk , Stoter Jantien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe appearance of Ἰουδαίαν in the table of nations (Acts 2:9–11) has troubled interpreters for centuries. Several scholars have proposed to emendate the text. The argumentations for such conjectures vary in elaboration and support. This article gives a diachronic overview of the conjectured emendations. It concludes with an evaluation of the discussion from a phenomenological perspective and a summary of the used argumentation, thereby providing input for a reversed engineering approach to the issue.
Recent achievements in copper catalysis for C–N bond formation
Authors: Averin Alexei D. , Abel Anton S. , Grigorova Olga K. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Mitrofanov Alexander Yu. , Bessmertnykh-Lemeune Alla , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A mini-review describes the development of the catalysis by Cu(I) complexes aimed at the formation of C–N bond at the Lomonosov MSU during 2010s. The main approach employs the amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides with the amines and polyamines, in this direction a great versatility of starting compounds was achieved: adamantane-containing amines, linear diamines, oxadiamines and polyamines, various aryl iodides and bromides, derivatives of pyridine, and quinoline were used for this purpose. In more peculiar cases, the copper catalysis was used for steroids transformations, including vinylation of azoles, wide-spread “click” reactions for the conjugate syntheses, and successful heterogenezation of the copper catalysts were also undertaken.
Floquet analysis of linear dynamic RLC circuits
Authors: El-Borhamy Mohamed , Rashad Essam Eddin M. , Sobhy Ismail 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, the linear dynamic analysis of AC generators modeled as RLC circuits with periodically time-varying inductances via Floquet’s theory is considered. Necessary conditions for the dynamic stability are derived. The harmonic balance method is employed to predict the transition curves and stability domains. An approximate expression for the Floquet form of solution is constructed using Whittaker’s method in the neighborhood of transition curves. Numerical verifications for the obtained theoretical results are considered. In accordance with the experimental results, a satisfactory agreement is relatively achieved with the closed experimental literature of the problem.
Blend polyethersulfone/zirconium oxychloride octahydrate membranes crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol layer for high saline water desalination
Authors: Taman Radwa , Mansour Moustapha S. , Elgayar Dina A. , Abdallah Heba , Shalaby Marwa S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMixed matrix membranes were prepared by blending polyethersulfone with zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZOH) solution, and coating by polyvinyl alcohol layer. Different analyses were applied in the prepared membranes. Membranes performances were examined using different salty solutions concentrations (5000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg/L) and a real sample from highly concentrated seawater (brine) of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate that blending polyethersulfone with 1.5% ZOH and coating with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linking layer (M4) provides salt rejection of 99.9% with permeate flux of 32.4 L/m2.h for the salt solution of 5000 mg/L, while salt rejection was 92% with permeate flux of 11.1 L/m2.h for the salt solution of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the membranes especially after coating by the PVA layer and increasing the ZOH%, such as the high permeate flux and the lowest contact angle of prepared membrane M4 (1.5% ZOH) which was 39.7°. A long time experiment was applied on the prepared membrane (M4), where the results indicate that the permeate flux for a long time was approximately fixed for 120 h, which indicates that the membrane can be considered as a self-cleaning membrane.
From silence to positive self-presentation: gradual emergence of negative face wants inKǒngguīzú’s(恐归族)intergenerational conflicts with their family elders
Authors: Zhang Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1978, 1987) is often challenged on its claim of the universality of face, in particular, the applicability of negative face to communicators from the sinosphere. This study argues that the notion of negative face is applicable to account for young Chinese people’s communication strategies and behaviors during their intergenerational conflicts. Drawing on discursive psychology and conversation analysis approaches to the dialogic lyrics ofShénqǔaboutKǒngguīzú, this paper explores the dynamic construction process of young Chinese people’s negative face. It reveals that this dynamic construction has been shaped by the cultural values of mixing traditional Confucian values with a new materialistic and individualistic orientation, and that adhering to the traditional cultural norm of harmony is crucial to satisfying negative face wants. This finding suggests that the mixed cultural values should be incorporated into the parametric system of Chinese negative face analysis.
Self-Denigration in 21st Century Chinese
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , Zhou Ling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present paper aims to explore the characteristics of the self-denigration phenomenon in present-day Chinese, hence revisiting a key Chinese linguacultural phenomenon from a contemporary angle. We investigate the following understudied phenomenon: Self-denigration has changed together with Chinese interpersonal language use and interactional technologies, and is currently being used in remarkably innovative ways, in particular in the domain of online interactions. While various historical self-denigrating forms have remained in use, significantly more newly invented ones have gained popularity. We argue that the cluster of self-denigrating forms used in present-day Chinese can fulfil a variety of sociopragmatic functions. Some of these functions - such as showing off - paradoxically contradict with the conventional understanding of self-denigration as a ceremonial form of deference behaviour expressing modesty. Our investigation is based on data drawn from computer-mediated communication (CMC), as well as semi-structured interviews.
Exposure assessment of indoor particulate matter during pregnancy: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Shezi Busisiwe , Jafta Nkosana , Naidoo Rajen N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence of the exposure assessment approaches of indoor particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy and to recommend future focus areas.

Content
Exposure to indoor PM during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, many questions remain about the consistency of the findings and the magnitude of this effect. This may be due to the exposure assessment methods used and the challenges of characterizing exposure during pregnancy. Exposure is unlikely to remain constant over the nine-month period. Pregnant females’ mobility and activities vary – for example, employment status may be random among females, but among those employed, activities are likely to be greater in the early pregnancy than closer to the delivery of the child.

Summary
Forty three studies that used one of the five categories of indoor PM exposure assessment (self-reported, personal air monitoring, household air monitoring, exposure models and integrated approaches) were assessed. Our results indicate that each of these exposure assessment approaches has unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. While questionnaires and interviews are based on self-report and recall, they were a major component in the reviewed exposure assessment studies. These studies predominantly used large sample sizes. Precision and detail were observed in studies that used integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaires, measurements and exposure models).

Outlook
Given the limitations presented by these studies, exposure misclassification remains possible because of personal, within and between household variability, seasonal changes, and spatiotemporal variability during pregnancy. Therefore, using integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaire, measurements and exposure models) may provide better estimates of PM levels across trimesters. This may provide precision for exposure estimates in the exposure-response relationship.
Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of fish from Kao Bay
Authors: Amqam Hasnawati , Thalib Dahlan , Anwar Daud , Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Mallongi Anwar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWater pollution by heavy metals due to discharge from gold mining activity has threatened the aquatic environment and human health of the community around Kao Bay. This report review explores the level of mercury and arsenic in the fish and the health risk of fish consumption within the community around Kao Bay. Fish from 10 spots in the bay were analyzed for mercury and arsenic using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Community members around Kao Bay were interviewed for details of their fish consumption. Daily intake of metals and health risk level were also calculated. All of the fish caught contained mercury (mean of 0.2110 ug/g) and arsenic (mean of 0.422 ug/g). This heavy metal concentration exceeds the allowable level for food standard. The human health risk assessment showed that the fish caught from Kao Bay were not safe for human consumption (RQ>1). The hazard risk quotient based on cancer and non-cancer was more than one. As many as 49 of 52 people living around Kao Bay have a risk from mercury and arsenic exposure via fish consumption. The magnitude of HQ and ECR values for most fish indicates that it is not safe for consumption.
Financial integration in emerging economies: an application of threshold cointegration
Authors: Ali Sajid , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Raza Naveed , Vinh Vo Xuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The asymmetric short – and long-run relationships between BRICS stock markets are examined using monthly stock price data from January 2001 through December 2014. The asymmetric co-integration analysis confirms the presence of a long-run association between the BRICS stock markets; where, the speed of adjustment to the negative shocks is higher and statistically significant for the Brazil-India and China-India pairs, which indicates quick adjustment of stock prices to bad news compared to good news. Conversely, the speed of adjustment for Indian and South African stock markets is higher for positive shocks, while the relationship between the stock markets pair of Russia and South Africa is linear. The results of asymmetric error correction model (AECM) reveal evidence of bidirectional causality between China-India, India-South Africa and South Africa-Russia, while unidirectional causality runs from the Indian to Brazilian stock market. Thus, we can safely conclude that the Indian stock market has long-run and short-run relationships with most of the other stock markets. This suggests that investors should pay attention to the Indian stock market when investing in BRICS stock markets.
Trösten in der Begleitung von geflüchteten Menschen
Authors: Reddemann Luise , Joksimovic Ljiljana , Kaster Simone D. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Essay führen die Autorinnen anhand eines Fallbeispiels die Notwendigkeit von Trost in der Psychotherapie mit geflüchteten Menschen aus. Vertrauen und Zuversicht können dann erwachsen, wenn ein leidender Mensch die Erfahrung macht, dass sein Schmerz anerkennend gewürdigt und er mitfühlend getröstet wird. Je schwerer die Verletzungen sind, umso wichtiger ist es das, was ein Mensch glaubt, seine spirituellen Ressourcen, zu erkunden und als Kraft- und Trostquellen in der Behandlung zu nutzen.
“More than an intensive care phenomenon”: Religious communities and the WHO Guidelines for Ebola and Covid-19
Authors: Winiger Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article draws on anthropological fieldwork conducted during the West African Ebola outbreak (2014-2016) and reports of the ongoing Covid-19 crisis to discuss the role played by religion in infectious disease control. While much separates Ebola and Covid-19, the religious practices prevalent in both contexts produce similar challenges to hospital staff and caregivers. In West Africa, at least 20 % of all infections were suspected to be related to the burial of deceased Ebola victims; yet at the same time, local communities at times reacted very negatively to infectious disease control measures. This article discusses how, based on this recognition, a systematic exchange began between anthropologists, faith-based organisations (FBOs) and humanitarian organisations active in the provision of healthcare, culminating in a WHO protocol for the “safe and dignified” burial of Ebola victims. The model of ‘contactless’ adaptations of religious practices it put forth may have significantly contributed to the control of the epidemic. In the second part, this article turns to the Covid-19 pandemic to show how religious communities have responded to the risks associated with many religious practices, and how the WHO, drawing on its experience with Ebola, developed comparable guidelines aimed at religious leaders and faith communities. As the experience in West Africa has shown, it is argued, the active involvement of religious actors in the formulation of public health measures may not only help to provide safe comfort in the midst of a profoundly alienating experience, but significantly reduce the spread of the virus.
Dynamics of a discrete-time system with Z-type control
Authors: Garai Shilpa , Garain Moumita , Samanta Sudip , Pal Nikhil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In community ecology, the stability of a predator–prey system is a considerably desired issue; as a result, population control of a predator–prey system is very important. The dynamics of continuous-time models with Z-type control is studied earlier. But, the effectiveness of the Z-type control mechanism in a discrete-time set-up is lacking. First, we consider a Lotka–Volterra type discrete-time predator–prey model. We observe that without control, the system exhibits rich dynamical behaviors including chaotic oscillations. We apply the Z-control mechanism in both direct and indirect ways to the system and observe that in both cases, controllers have the property to drive the populations of the system to the desired state. We conduct numerical simulation as supporting evidence of our analytical results.
Aid Provided by Local Self-government Units as Value Complementing Legal Institution of Cooperation in Self-government
Authors: Ofiarska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProviding mutual financial aid and aid in kind by entities of the local self-government sector (local self-government units, their unions and associations) are conceptually related to the legal institution of cooperation in the sector. This work includes the analysis and evaluation of legal regulations, doctrine and judicial practice in scope of this least institutionalized form of cooperation. It has been determined that an entity providing such aid freely decides on its form and value, but in case of providing the aid it is obliged to follow the rules and mode defined by legislators. In the resolution the decision making body of the entity providing the aid in general defines the aid value and the task for which the aid is to be dedicated. The decisions shall be specified in the agreement signed between executive organs, the aid granting and the aid receiving entities respectively. The act reserves that the financial aid may only be in a form of a designated subsidy from the budget. The aid in kind may have more universal forms, e.g. transfer of a specific thing, performance of work or services. The provision of aid is a specific form of cooperation in the local self-government sector, and simultaneously it has a crucial impact on the protection and conservation of fundamental values giving base for the concept and functioning of self-government unions, such as: self-reliance, subsidiarity, decentralization, sense of solidarity with other self-government unions, responsibility and the formation of partner relations acting in common interest.
Public Financing of Sport Infrastructure versus State Aid
Authors: Niwiński Radosław 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to present an overall insight into the legal aspects related to public financing of a sport infrastructure in Poland. The research strives to draw attention to the importance of public financing in the sports sector and also to ensure a small breakthrough in the administrative process of granting and applying for state aid funds. The author highlights the possible negative implications of mistakes in the state aid scheme, in particular connected with the potential recovery of incompatible aid. The article includes theoretical and practical issues related to the rules of state aid in sports sector. The research is intended to propose an interpretation and application of the current state aid law in light with CJEU jurisdiction and the Commission’s decision-making practices. In the opinion of the researcher the final implications contribute to the better protection of the joint interest of Polish sports clubs and public authorities and to minimalization of the potential risk of EU sanctions.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Yellow-Virescent Gene Regulating Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Early Stage Chloroplast Development in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhao Chuanji , Liu Lijiang , Safdar Luqman Bin , Xie Meili , Cheng Xiaohui , Liu Yueying , Xiang Yang , Tong Chaobo , Tu Jinxing , Huang Junyan , Liu Shengyi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are crucial to photosynthesis and plant growth, but their regulatory mechanism remains elusive in many crop species. We isolated a Brassica napus yellow-virescent leaf (yvl) mutant, which exhibited yellow-younger-leaf and virescent-older-leaf with decreased chlorophyll accumulation and delayed chloroplast development. We mapped yvl locus to a 70-kb interval between molecular markers yvl-O10 and InDel-O6 on chromosome A03 in BC2F2 population using whole genome re-sequencing and bulked segregant analysis. The mutant had a ‘C’ to ‘T’ substitution in the coding sequence of BnaA03.CHLH, which encodes putative H subunit of Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase (CHLH). The mutation resulted in an imperfect protein structure and reduced activity of CHLH. It also hampered the plastid encoded RNA polymerase which transcribes regulatory genes of photosystem II and I. Consequently, the chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid contents were reduced and the chloroplast ultrastructure was degraded in yvl mutant. These results explain that a single nucleotide mutation in BnaA03.CHLH impairs PEP activity to disrupt chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in B. napus.