bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorine‐18 Radiolabelling and Photophysical Characteristics of Multimodal PET–Fluorescence Molecular Probes
Authors: Klenner Mitchell A. , Pascali Giancarlo , Massi Massimiliano , Fraser Benjamin H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET)–fluorescence imaging is an emerging field of multimodality imaging seeking to attain synergy between the two techniques. The probes employed in PET–fluorescence imaging incorporate both a fluorophore and radioisotope which enable complementary information to be obtained from both imaging techniques via the administration of a single agent. Fluorine‐18 is the most commonly used radioisotope in PET imaging and consequently many novel attempts to radiofluorinate various fluorophores have transpired over the past decade. In this Minireview, the most relevant fluorine‐18 labelled PET–fluorescence probes have been classified into four groups as per the implemented fluorophore: 1) boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, 2) cyanine dyes, 3) alternative organic fluorophores and 4) organometallics, such as quantum dots (QDs) and rhenium complexes. The biological, radiochemical and photophysical properties of each probe have been systematically compared to aid future endeavours in PET–fluorescence chemistry.
Alternating Magnetic Field Controlled Targeted Drug Delivery Based on Graphene Oxide‐Grafted Nanosupramolecules
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yu Qilin , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐grafted nanosupramolecules have recently emerged as neoteric nano drug carriers in the therapy of refractory diseases. Herein, a multicomponent nanosupramolecular drug carrier based on a targeted peptide and magnetic GO is reported, the drug‐release behavior of which can be regulated by an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This multicomponent nanosupramolecular carrier is composed of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)/nickel nanoparticle‐modified graphene oxide (GONiCD) and mitochondrial ion‐targeting peptide (MitP)‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HAMitP). Owing to the host–guest interaction between β‐cyclodextrin and the cyclohexyl groups on MitP, GONiCD and HAMitP could form supramolecular assemblies during the doxorubicin (Dox) loading process, which not only remarkably enhances the drug‐loading capacity, but also improves the drug‐release efficiency under AMF stimulus. During co‐incubation with tumor cells, the Dox‐loaded assemblies could strongly target the tumor mitochondria and damage both the mitochondria and the nuclei, owing to Dox release from the assemblies induced by AMF. This study sheds light on the exploration of peptide caps for controlled drug loading/release of supramolecular nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery and anticancer therapy.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the cancer care of adolescents and young adults and their well‐being: Results from an online survey conducted in the early stages of the pandemic
Authors: Košir Urška , Loades Maria , Wild Jennifer , Wiedemann Milan , Krajnc Alen , Roškar Sanja , Bowes Lucy 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundBecause of the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), oncology departments across the world have rapidly adapted their cancer care protocols to balance the risk of delaying cancer treatments and the risk of COVID‐19 exposure. COVID‐19 and associated changes may have an impact on the psychosocial functioning of patients with cancer and survivors. This study was designed to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young people living with and beyond cancer.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 177 individuals, aged 18 to 39 years, were surveyed about the impact of COVID‐19 on their cancer care and psychological well‐being. Participants also reported their information needs with respect to COVID‐19. Responses were summarized with a content analysis approach.ResultsThis was the first study to examine the psychological functioning of young patients and survivors during the first weeks of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A third of the respondents reported increased levels of psychological distress, and as many as 60% reported feeling more anxious than they did before COVID‐19. More than half also wanted more information tailored to them as young patients with cancer.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and changing the landscape of cancer care. Young people living with cancer are a unique population and might be more vulnerable during this time in comparison with their healthy peers. There is a need to screen for psychological distress and attend to young people whose cancer care has been delayed. As the lockdown begins to ease, the guidelines about cancer care should be updated according to this population's needs.
Cytomorphology, immunoprofile, and management of renal oncocytic neoplasms
Authors: Zhu Bing , Rohan Stephen M. , Lin Xiaoqi 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to evaluate the morphology, immunoprofile, and management of renal oncocytoma (RO), hybrid oncocytic tumor (HOT), and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC).MethodsForty‐seven cases of RO, 7 cases of HOT, and 25 cases of ChRCC were included in the study. Tissue microarrays were prepared for immunohistochemical evaluation.ResultsLarge sheets of cells with transverse vessels, and higher nuclear grade were seen more often in ChRCC than in RO or HOT. Tumor cells of RO were more uniform in size and shape relative to HOT and ChRCC. The cytoplasmic features of RO were more uniformly granular relative to HOT and ChRCC, which exhibited variable cytoplasmic features. CK7 and MUC1 were expressed more frequently and diffusely in ChRCC (54% and 94%, respectively) than RO (4% and 52%, respectively) and HOT (0% and 71%, respectively). AMACR and PAX8 were more frequently expressed diffusely in RO (67% and 42%, respectively) than in HOT (0% and 0%, respectively) or ChRCC (14% and 11%, respectively). Most HOT (57%) and CHRCC (60%) patients underwent nephrectomy. Cryoablation was the treatment of choice for 24% of patients with ChRCC, 2% of patients with RO, and 0% of patients with HOT. The majority of patients with RO (88%) opted for active surveillance—a much higher rate than that for patients with HOT (29%) or ChRCC (12%).ConclusionSome cytologic features and immunomarkers are useful in differentiating RO, HOT, and ChRCC. Because no immunomarker or morphologic finding is specific by itself, a combination of morphologic features with immunohistochemistry appears to be the most reliable way to distinguish ChRCC, HOT, and RO on biopsy samples. Subclassification of renal oncocytic tumors into specific categories impacts clinical management and downstream treatment selection.
Thyroid cytology smear slides: An untapped resource for ThyroSeq testing
Authors: Nikiforova Marina N. , Lepe Marcos , Tolino Lindsey A. , Miller Megan E. , Ohori N. Paul , Wald Abigail I. , Landau Michael S. , Kaya Cihan , Malapelle Umberto , Bellevicine Claudio , Troncone Giancarlo , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Baloch Zubair 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMolecular testing of thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is commonly used to guide patient management and is typically performed on freshly collected FNA samples. In this study, the authors evaluated the performance of the ThyroSeq test in cytology smear slides.MethodsAir‐dried Diff‐Quik (DQ)‐stained and alcohol‐fixed Papanicolaou (Pap)‐stained smears were used to determine required cellularity and sensitivity of mutation detection and to compare ThyroSeq v3 Genomic Classifier (GC) results obtained in cytology smears and fresh FNA samples from the same nodules.ResultsThyroSeq testing of 31 cytology smears revealed that 25 smears (81%) were adequate for ThyroSeq analysis, including 14 Pap‐stained smears (100%) and 11 DQ‐stained smears (65%), whereas 6 DQ‐stained smears (35%) failed RNA sequencing. The overall accuracy for detecting molecular alterations was 98%, with 100% concordance for mutations and gene expression alterations, 96% concordance for fusions, and 94% concordance for copy number alterations. Cytology smears were adequate for ThyroSeq analysis when at least 200 to 300 cells were present in 1 to 3 slides. ThyroSeq detected all studied mutations down to 5% allele frequency and BRAF mutations down to 1% allele frequency. Testing of smears yielded a positive ThyroSeq GC result in all nodules originally classified as positive.ConclusionsThyroid FNA cytology smear slides with adequate cellularity can be successfully used for ThyroSeq GC testing in approximately 80% of cases, with an even higher success rate in Pap‐stained smears. Compared with FNA samples collected into preservative solution, 94% to 100% of different genetic alterations could be accurately detected in smears, validating cytology smears as an alternative for ThyroSeq testing in patients with indeterminate thyroid cytology.
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cervical cytology in the Chinese population: Age‐stratified reporting rates, high‐risk HPV testing, and immediate histologic correlation results
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Wang Li , Pan Qiuzhi , Ji Shuting , Zhou Xianrong , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe US American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines for cervical cancer screening have been largely adopted worldwide. Pooled high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing has been routinely used to risk‐stratify women who have atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) cytology. However, it has been reported that there are distinguished differences in the distribution of hrHPV genotypes between the Chinese and American populations.MethodsThe objective of this study was to analyze the age‐stratified reporting rates, hrHPV‐positive rates, and genotyping by different cytology preparation methods and hrHPV testing assays, along with the immediate histopathologic correlation of ASC‐US cytology, in the Chinese population.ResultsThe ASC‐US reporting rate of 1,597,136 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests was 4.2%, and the overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 48.7% in the ASC‐US cases. In total, 25,338 women with ASC‐US Pap tests had immediate histologic follow‐up, and the detection rate for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and higher lesions (CIN2+) was 7.1%, including 0.6% carcinomas. Among the women who underwent hrHPV testing, CIN2+ lesions were identified in 657 of 6154 (10.7%) who had hrHPV‐positive results and in only 1.5% those who had hrHPV‐negative results. Further genotyping analysis revealed that HPV types 16 and/or 18 were commonly identified genotypes among the Chinese women who had ASC‐US cytology.ConclusionsThis large‐scale study demonstrated that the hrHPV‐positive rate, the CIN2+ detection rate, and the distribution of hrHPV genotypes in Chinese women with ASC‐US cytology were essentially consistent with those from the American population, further supporting that the current and newly released 2019 American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines should be applicable to the Chinese population.
Time‐based legality of information flow in the capability‐based access control model for the Internet of Things
Authors: Nakamura Shigenari , Enokido Tomoya , Takizawa Makoto 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe Internet of Things is composed of sensor and actuator devices. Devices have to be securely accessed by subjects. In this article, we take the capability‐based access control (CBAC) model where a subject is issued a capability token to manipulate a device by a device owner. In the CBAC model, information which a subject is not allowed to get may illegally flow to the subject. Hence, the operation interruption (OI) protocol to prevent illegal information flow is proposed in our previous studies. However, although a subject is not allowed to get data at time , the subject can get the data later than the time . Here, the data come to the subject later than expected by the subject to get the data, that is, the information flows late to the subject. In this article, we newly propose a time‐based OI (TBOI) protocol to prevent not only illegal information flow but also late information flow. Here, operations implying illegal or late information flow are interrupted, that is, not performed at devices. In the evaluation, we show not only illegal information flow but also late information flow are prevented in the TBOI protocol differently from the OI protocol.
Progressive Folding and Adaptive Multivalent Recognition of Alkyl Amines and Amino Acids in p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene Hosts: Solid‐State and Solution Studies
Authors: Dai Liya , Feng Wei‐Xu , Zheng Shao‐Ping , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Wang Dawei , van der Lee Arie , Dumitrescu Dan , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Mihail Barboiu from the Institut Europeen des Membranes of Montpellier, France and the Lehn Institute of Functional Materials at Sun‐yat Sen University in Guangzhou, China. The cover picture shows the molecular recognition of folded 1,ω‐amino‐acids guests within p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene host anions stabilized with alternating hydrated cations and water molecules. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.202000232.
Photoswitchable 2‐Phenyldiazenyl‐Purines and their Influence on DNA Hybridization
Authors: Grebenovsky Nikolai , Hermanns Volker , Heckel Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, photochromic derivatives of nucleobases have drawn attention for regulating oligonucleotide hybridization with light for photopharmacological applications. The nucleobase moiety provides attractive interaction for hybridization, whereas the photochromic moiety can alter the interaction upon irradiation due to conformational changes. Herein we report the synthesis of 2‐phenyldiazenyl‐substituted 2’‐deoxyadenosine (dAAzo) and 2’‐deoxyguanosine (dGAzo) and investigate their influence in a DNA context by UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopies. For comparison, the literature‐known azobenzene C‐nucleoside DNAzo was used as a reference system. It could be shown that photochromic purines improve overall hybridization affinity compared to azobenzene C‐nucleosides. In particular, 2’‐deoxyadenosine analogue dAAzo increases melting temperatures by 7.5 °C in the favored trans state with 86 % of the switching efficiency of the reference system.
Enhancing chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell immunotherapy against cancer using a nanoemulsion‐based vaccine targeting cross‐presenting dendritic cells
Authors: Chan Jack D , von Scheidt Bianca , Zeng Bijun , Oliver Amanda J , Davey Ashleigh S , Ali Aesha I , Thomas Ranjeny , Trapani Joseph A , Darcy Phillip K , Kershaw Michael H , Dolcetti Riccardo , Slaney Clare Y 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells is a form of cancer immunotherapy that has achieved remarkable efficacy in patients with some haematological cancers. However, challenges remain in CAR T‐cell treatment of solid tumours because of tumour‐mediated immunosuppression.MethodsWe have demonstrated that CAR T‐cell stimulation through T‐cell receptors (TCRs) in vivo can generate durable responses against solid tumours in a variety of murine models. Since Clec9A‐targeting tailored nanoemulsion (Clec9A‐TNE) vaccine enhances antitumour immune responses through selective activation of Clec9A+ cross‐presenting dendritic cells (DCs), we hypothesised that Clec9A‐TNE could prime DCs for antigen presentation to CAR T cells through TCRs and thus improve CAR T‐cell responses against solid tumours. To test this hypothesis, we used CAR T cells expressing transgenic TCRs specific for ovalbumin (OVA) peptides SIINFEKL (CAROTI) or OVA323‐339 (CAROTII).ResultsWe demonstrated that the Clec9A‐TNEs encapsulating full‐length recombinant OVA protein (OVA‐Clec9A‐TNE) improved CAROT T‐cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. Combined treatment using the OVA‐Clec9A‐TNE and CAROT cells resulted in durable responses and some rejections of tumours in immunocompetent mice. Tumour regression was accompanied by enhanced CAROT cell proliferation and infiltration into the tumours.ConclusionOur study presents Clec9A‐TNE as a prospective avenue to enhance CAR T‐cell efficacy for solid cancers.
Developing an interactive and illustrative laboratory management curriculum for cytopathology trainees
Authors: Lepe Marcos , Preciado Christopher , Song Sharon J. , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaboratory management is a critically important but often overlooked portion of cytopathology training. Indeed, recent surveys of new‐in‐practice pathologists have consistently shown this to be an area of deficiency. Fortunately, there are a multitude of resources available to fill this need.1‐6 These resources, such as government websites and publications by professional organizations, are often freely accessible to everyone; however, the information they provide is scattered across the vast expanse of cyberspace. We offer this educational module to bridge those gaps and string together a web of resources. The curriculum content includes a pretest to assess the trainee's knowledge and a tree of clickable subject headings covering basic laboratory management topics that a graduating cytopathology fellow should be familiar with. Each subject heading is linked to a summary of the subject using tables and visual diagrams with hyperlinks to specific online resources and additional detailed information. A posttest is included to provide instant feedback. Although by no means comprehensive, we hope this will provide a stepping stone for our readers to build a sound laboratory management foundation that may guide their practice.
Evaluation of epiandrosterone as a long‐term marker of testosterone use
Authors: Nair Vinod S. , Doman Christine E. , Morrison Matthew S. , Miller Geoffrey D. , Husk Jacob , van Eenoo Peter , Crouch Andre K. , Eichner Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentification and evaluation of long‐term markers is crucial in prolonging the detection window for anabolic steroid abuse in sport. Recently, sulfoconjugated epiandrosterone was identified as a potential long‐term marker for the abuse of certain endogenous anabolic agents, including testosterone, which continues to be widely used as a performance enhancing agent in sport. To evaluate the applicability of epiandrosterone sulfate as a marker for testosterone use, administration studies were conducted with multiple modes of testosterone administration – transdermal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous. A modified sample preparation method was used to collect both glucuronidated and sulfoconjugated analytes of interest. Carbon isotope ratio measurements from the administration studies are presented here. Epiandrosterone was less effective than the conventionally used target compounds for detection of the low dose application (transdermal gel). With intramuscular administration, epiandrosterone was more diagnostic than with transdermal administration, but it did not prolong the detection window more than the conventional target compounds. With subcutaneous administration, the doses administered to the subjects were varied and the effect on the epiandrosterone values was dependent on the magnitude of the dose administered. Epiandrosterone does not appear to be a useful marker in the detection of low dose testosterone administration. It is responsive to higher dose administration, but it does not provide an extension of the detection window relative to conventional target compounds.
Development of an environmental DNA metabarcoding assay for aquatic vascular plant communities
Authors: Coghlan Stephanie A. , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Freeland Joanna R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcodes allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple taxa if the barcode regions meet several key requirements including conserved primer‐binding sites, interspecific variability that exceeds intraspecific variability, and relatively short amplicons. Currently, there are no established metabarcoding assays for aquatic vascular plants, which could limit biodiversity assessments and the early detection of alien species. We used a combination of novel and pre‐existing primers to generate eDNA metabarcodes from three gene regions that are commonly used for plant barcoding: two regions of chloroplast DNA (rbcL and matK) plus a segment of an internal transcribed spacer (ITS2). We optimized the assay on a mock community of 25 known species and then applied it to wild samples collected from two waterbodies in southern Ontario, Canada (Black River and Seymour Lake). Our novel rbcL primers, which amplify a fragment of ~220 bp, provided the most comprehensive description of the mock community, identifying all but one of the taxa to species or genus. In addition, after pooling data from five sites within each sampled waterbody, metabarcodes generated by this same primer pair identified more taxa than all other primer pairs; more specifically, 20 and 26 taxa were identified from Black River and Seymour Lake, respectively, to species or genus. Across the two sites, nine of the identified taxa are alien invasive aquatic plants. Five of these invasive species have no previous reports from our sites, and in some cases have no known established Ontario populations; our data therefore suggest an urgent need to increase surveillance for these aliens. Overall, our study showed that eDNA metabarcoding with a novel rbcL primer pair provides a cost‐effective method for simultaneously detecting multiple aquatic vascular plant taxa and is a valuable tool for the early detection of invasive species.
Characteristics and prognostic implications of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeong Hyeonju , Song Shinjeong , Seo Jiwon , Cho Iksung , Hong Geu‐Ru , Ha Jong‐Won , Shim Chi Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is characterized by right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction and is often seen in combination with tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and prognostic implications of TR in patients with AC.Methods and resultsClinical, echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance data of 52 patients with AC fulfilling 2010 Task Force criteria in a single centre were retrospectively evaluated. TR in AC was classified as no/mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of the current guidelines. Significant TR was defined as at least moderate TR. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, heart transplantation, and tricuspid valve surgery. There were seven patients (13.4%) with moderate TR and 13 patients (25.0%) with severe TR at initial diagnosis. Patients with severe TR showed a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation and a higher mean NT‐pro‐BNP than other groups (68%, P = 0.013; 2423 ± 1578 pg/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with significant TR revealed a higher incidence of heart failure at initial presentation than did those without significant TR (30.0 vs. 3.1%, P = 0.022). Patients with severe TR showed significantly larger RV and lower RV and left ventricular functional parameters. During a mean follow‐up of 4.2 years, three groups classified by TR severity considerably discriminated clinical outcomes (log rank P = 0.019). Patients with significant TR had a poorer prognosis than those with no or mild TR (42.9 vs. 3.1%, log rank P = 0.005). Cox regression analysis showed significant TR as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 11.41, 95% confidential interval 1.30–99.92, P = 0.028).ConclusionsSignificant TR at initial diagnosis in patients with AC is a poor prognostic factor.