bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin enhances thrombopoiesis through ERK1/2 and Akt activation orchestrated by dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3‐phosphoinositides
Authors: Chen Shilei , Qi Yan , Wang Song , Xu Yang , Shen Mingqiang , Hu Mengjia , Du Changhong , Chen Fang , Chen Mo , Lu Yukai , Zhang Zihao , Quan Yong , Wang Cheng , Wang Fengchao , Wang Junping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMelatonin (MT), endogenously secreted by the pineal gland, is closely related to multiple biological processes; however, its effect on thrombopoiesis is still not well illustrated. Here, we demonstrate that MT administration can elevate peripheral platelet levels. Analysis of different stages in thrombopoiesis reveals that MT has the capacity to promote the expansion of CD34+ and CD41+ cells, and accelerate proplatelet formation (PPF) and platelet production. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that MT has a potential therapeutic effect on radiation‐induced thrombocytopenia. The underlying mechanism suggests that both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt signaling are involved in the processes of thrombopoiesis facilitated by MT. Interestingly, in addition to the direct regulation of Akt signaling by its upstream phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), ERK1/2 signaling is also regulated by PI3K via its effector, dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3‐phosphoinositides (DAPP1), in megakaryocytes after MT treatment. Moreover, the expression level of DAPP1 during megakaryocyte differentiation is closely related to the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt at different stages of thrombopoiesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that MT treatment can promote thrombopoiesis, which is modulated by the DAPP1‐orchestrated activation of ERK1/2 and Akt signaling.
Improvement of myofibrillar protein gel strength of Scomberomorus niphonius by riboflavin under UVA irradiation
Authors: He Baoyu , Shi Yixin , Jin Meiran , Pu Yuan , Dong Xiuping , Yu Chenxu , Qi Hang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, effects of different concentrations of riboflavin (0, 0.02, and 0.1 μmol/g protein) on myofibrillar protein (MP, Scomberomorus niphonius) gel were characterized. The gel structure and properties were studied with or without Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Electron spin resonance results showed that riboflavin produced ·OH under UVA irradiation, which subsequently oxidized the MP. Compared with the control group, the addition of riboflavin with UVA irradiation increased the strength of the MP gel. The rheological results showed that under UVA irradiation, addition of riboflavin facilitated the sol–gel transition between 45 and 52°C, indicating that oxidation led to significant structural changes which in turn resulted in a more compact and uniform gel network. The presence of riboflavin led to increased carbonyl content and decreased sulfhydryl and free amino groups, which decreased the protein solubility and promoted alpha‐helical conformational loss in the secondary structure of the MP. These results all indicated that the MP has been oxidized. Electrophoresis revealed that myosin heavy chains were aggregated in the UVA‐treated riboflavin‐added MP gel, indicating that protein cross‐linking has been induced. All the results indicated that the ·OH produced by riboflavin under UVA irradiation oxidized the MP, and improved protein crosslinking and gel properties.
Long‐term evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F: Strong association between viral diversification and the prehistoric settlement of Central and South America
Authors: Mojsiejczuk Laura , Torres Carolina , Flichman Diego , Campos Rodolfo Héctor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe genotype F (HBV‐F) is an autochthonous Native American strain of the hepatitis B virus. In this study, we reconstruct the HBV‐F long‐term evolution under a hypothesis of co‐divergence with humans in Central and South America, since their entry into the region 14.5‐16 thousand years ago. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction supported a virus‐host co‐expansion; however, two evolutionary scenarios would have been present. Whereas subgenotype F1 spreads along a Pacific coastal route and would have evolved associated with Central American and Andean cultures from the west of the continent, subgenotypes F2‐F6 spread along the Atlantic coastline and inner pathways associated with communities inhabiting the tropical forest lowlands. Then, we propose a model for HBV‐F evolution in which the selection of differential biological characteristics in these two main groups would be related to their evolution in host populations with different genetic backgrounds and dissimilar demographic conditions.
Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow‐bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna)
Authors: Griffioen John A. , Lewbart Gregory A. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnrofloxacin is frequently administered to turtles in wildlife clinics during rehabilitation due to its wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and availability of injectable formulations. However, sufficient pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in chelonians presenting injured to a wildlife clinic. Thirty‐six Eastern box turtles (EBT, Terrapene carolina carolina), 23 yellow‐bellied sliders (YBS, Trachemys scripta scripta), and 13 river cooters (RC, Pseudemys concinna) received a single subcutaneous injection of enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 240 hr postinjection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling (NMLE). Overall elimination half‐life (T½) was over 75 hr, and varied among species. T½ was 63 hr in EBT and 79 hr in YBS, which is longer than in previous reports. The volume of distribution (steady‐state) was 1.4 L/kg across turtle species, but highly variable—ranging from 0.4 L/kg in RC to 1.9 L/kg in YBS. Antibiotic concentrations were above a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 µg/ml for over 200 hr. These results indicate variable pharmacokinetic parameters for enrofloxacin among turtle species, which will help guide appropriate dosing protocols in injured turtles.
Skills, Employment, and Labor Market Institutions: Evidence from PIAAC
Authors: Marius Vaag Iversen Jon , Strøm Bjarne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHanushek et al (2015, ‘Returns to Skills Around the World: Evidence from PIAAC’, European Economic Review 73: 103) find a weak wage–skill relationship in countries with limited skill reward possibilities due to high union density, strict employment protection, and large public sector. If these factors also restrict employment possibilities and the incentives to join the labor market, a possible mirror image of the weak wage–skill relationship is a steeper employment–skill gradient. We use PIAAC data to estimate the employment–skill association, and the results for the whole sample of individuals give some indication that the employment–skill gradient is steeper in countries with strict employment rules and centralized bargaining. Our results for subgroups show imprecisely estimated employment–skill gradients for immigrants. For individuals with poor health conditions and low formal education, the estimated gradient is somewhat higher than in the whole sample in countries with high bargaining coverage, a large public sector, and centralized collective bargaining systems.
Stressed, depressed, and rank obsessed: Individual differences in compassion and neuroticism predispose towards rank‐based depressive symptomatology
Authors: Kim Jeffrey J. , Gerrish Ruby , Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesAs social creatures, we monitor our relative rank and/or status with others via social comparisons. Whilst research has identified perceptions of inferiority or ‘low rank’ relative to others is a robust predictor of depressive, anxious, and stress symptomology, to date individual differences have been ignored. We wish to provide empirical evidence to outline how differences across personality traits may interact with social rank variables to buffer or predispose towards depressive symptomology.MethodsAcross three independent samples (N = 595), we replicated a social rank model of mental health, and with our third sample (N = 200), we sought to investigate attenuating roles for neuroticism versus compassion with multiple moderated regression models.ResultsNeuroticism predicted greater levels of rank‐associated depression, and compassion failed to function as a protective factor for rank‐associated depression. However, a closer inspection of the original Big‐5 factor structure positions this scale as a measure of ‘interpersonal submissiveness’ or ‘conflict appeasement’ rather than genuine compassion.ConclusionsWhilst it is necessary to delineate the conditions where compassion is appropriate and able to lead to positive mental health outcomes, we argue this cannot be addressed with the Big‐5 measure of trait compassion. We call for future work to consider valid and reliable measures for compassion, such as the self‐compassion scale, submissive compassion scale, and fears of compassion scale, to more fully address how compassion may protect against both rank‐based comparisons and severity of depression.Practitioner Points

Social rank mechanisms are robustly implicated in depression, anxiety, and stress.

Clients who present as higher in neuroticism, inferiority, or submissiveness may be more prone towards rank‐associated depression symptoms.

Preliminary evidence suggests cultivation of genuine compassion can shift clients from a rank‐focussed to a compassionate‐focussed mentality, which aids mental health and fosters well‐being.
AVAPS‐AE versus ST mode: A randomized controlled trial in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Patout Maxime , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Rabec Claudio , Trzepizur Wojciech , Georges Marjolaine , Perrin Christophe , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Llontop Claudia , Attali Valerie , Goutorbe Frederic , Pontier‐Marchandise Sandrine , Cervantes Pierre , Bironneau Vanessa , Portmann Adriana , Delrieu Jacqueline , Cuvelier Antoine , Muir Jean‐François 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAverage volume‐assured pressure support—automated expiratory positive airway pressure (AVAPS‐AE) combines an automated positive expiratory pressure to maintain upper airway patency to an automated pressure support with a targeted tidal volume. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2‐month AVAPS‐AE ventilation versus pressure support (ST) ventilation on objective sleep quality in stable patients with OHS. Secondary outcomes included arterial blood gases, health‐related quality of life, daytime sleepiness, subjective sleep quality and compliance to NIV.MethodsThis is a prospective multicentric randomized controlled trial. Consecutive OHS patients included had daytime PaCO2 > 6 kPa, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, clinical stability for more than 2 weeks and were naive from home NIV. PSG were analysed centrally by two independent experts. Primary endpoint was sleep quality improvement at 2 months.ResultsAmong 69 trial patients, 60 patients had successful NIV setup. Baseline and follow‐up PSG were available for 26 patients randomized in the ST group and 30 in the AVAPS‐AE group. At baseline, PaCO2 was 6.94 ± 0.71 kPa in the ST group and 6.61 ± 0.71 in the AVAPS‐AE group (P = 0.032). No significant between‐group difference was observed for objective sleep quality indices. Improvement in PaCO2 was similar between groups with a mean reduction of −0.87 kPa (95% CI: −1.12 to −0.46) in the ST group versus −0.87 kPa (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.50) in the AVAPS‐AE group (P = 0.984). Mean NIV use was 6.2 h per night in both groups (P = 0.93). NIV setup duration was shorter in the AVAPS‐AE group (P = 0.012).ConclusionAVAPS‐AE and ST ventilation for 2 months had similar impact on sleep quality and gas exchange.
Towards a global theory of colorblindness: Comparing colorblind racial ideology in France and the United States
Authors: Beaman Jean , Petts Amy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we apply key tenants of colorblindness, as a racial ideology developed in the United States, to France. In France, colorblindness means more than not seeing how race structures opportunities and outcomes; it also means not acknowledging racial and ethnic categories. Colorblindness arose in a different historical context, for different reasons, and as a product of different mechanisms in France than it did in the United States. We argue that despite variations in the contexts and mechanisms underpinning colorblindness between the United States and France, the consequences are markedly similar in both contexts. Colorblind ideology silences opposition to racial and ethnic inequality and maintains white supremacy in both contexts. Finally, we demonstrate that such a comparison moves us closer towards aglobal theory of colorblindness.
When do stories change our minds? Narrative persuasion about social problems
Authors: Polletta Francesca , Redman Nathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScholars in a number of disciplines have sought to assess the power of reading or viewing a personal story to modify people's beliefs. However, the research, which has been pursued under diverse programs, has produced conflicting findings. We focus on the persuasiveness of personal stories about problems that are structural (rather than individual) and whose solution requires government action. Overall, the research suggests that although personal stories can overcome people's tendency to resist new information, they often do not do so. People's preexisting beliefs, assumptions, and stereotypes affect their willingness to be absorbed by a story, to empathize with the stories' protagonists, and to endorse the message communicated by the story. We argue also for a sociological perspective on narrative persuasion, one which, unlike the mostly experimental research conducted so far, pays attention to the context in which people encounter stories and to the norms shaping people's assessment of a story as credible, relevant, and important.
Examining abuse in online media
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul , McVittie Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile online spaces and media offer unique possibilities for participating in critical and mundane communication, these also introduce several problems in the form of abuse such as trolling, flaming, or other anti‐social behavior. Social and personality psychologists offer a range of explanations for abusive behavior online. Here we distinguish between explanations that treat online abuse as readily known and consequently proceed with examining possible causes of such abuse, and those that treat abuse as a situated act of communication worth examining in its own right. The latter examines how abuse is accomplished, treated, and negotiated in specific online settings. A central advantage of doing so is that the specifics and details of instances of abuse become amenable to examination and consequently allow for identification of in situ means by which abuse maybe challenged. In taking this approach, online abuse is examined for how it is produced and situated in specific social and interactional settings.
Effects of lactic acid on the flexibility of the stratum corneum
Authors: Mizukoshi Koji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLactic acid increases the flexibility of the stratum corneum by linking directly to keratin without water. However, another study reported the involvement of water. This study aimed to clarify how lactic acid contributes to the flexibility of the stratum corneum (SC) of the face.Materials and MethodsA tactile sensor was used to measure the change in shared frequency (Δf) in the cheeks of 88 women of various ages. Amounts of water and lactic acid in the SC were measured during all four seasons, and correlations with Δf evaluated.ResultsLactic acid and water levels in the SC were not correlated in any season. In the younger subjects only, the lactic acid content correlated with Δf in spring (when at its highest level in the SC), whereas the water content correlated with Δf in summer and autumn (when the water content was high).ConclusionsThe overall lack of correlations between lactic acid and water content across all ages and seasons suggested that each contributes independently to the flexibility of the SC and that lactic acid softens the SC without water.
Prolonged survival after disseminated Rhinocladiella infection treated with surgical excision and posaconazole
Authors: Hardman Nicola , Young Nicola , Hobson Richard , Sandoe Jonathan , Wellberry‐Smith Matthew , Thomson Simon , Barton Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCerebral abscess due to pigmented molds is a rare but usually fatal infection occasionally seen in transplant recipients. A 67‐year‐old man of Iraqi origin underwent a deceased donation renal transplant for renal failure and 2 months later was diagnosed with an abscess in the left posterior frontal lobe of his brain. Subsequent biopsy proved this to be due to the mold Rhinocladiella mackenziei. Further interventions included two operations to aspirate the lesion, voriconazole, then liposomal amphotericin B, then a combination of posaconazole and flucytosine which he continued for over 4 years. He also suffered from right ankle pain and was diagnosed with septic arthritis; R mackenziei was isolated from pus aspirated from the ankle joint. He responded well to the treatment and has had little loss of function, and on CT, the cerebral lesion has stabilized. Beta‐D‐glucan, initially at very high levels proved useful to monitor response over the 5 years and the latest sample was negative (38 pg/mL). This case is notable for the first disseminated case of this infection, its favorable outcome on a novel antifungal combination and a new approach to monitoring the course of disease.
An exploration of the advantages of automated titration testing: low inter‐instrument variability and equivalent accuracy for ABO and non‐ABO antibody titres relative to tube testing
Authors: Adkins Brian D. , Arnold Egloff Shanna A. , Fahey‐Ahrndt Kayla , Kjell Andrea L. , Cohn Claudia S. , Young Pampee P. 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesObtaining IgM and IgG titres is important in numerous clinical situations, including solid‐organ transplant, obstetrics, and for testing of out‐of‐group plasma‐containing components. Tube method is the most prevalent testing modality, though it is both labour‐intensive and known for intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variability. The utility of automated gel testing as a method to improve both inter‐ and intra‐laboratory reproducibility is unknown.Materials and methodsTwo academic centres participated in a study evaluating automated gel titreing. Group O plasma samples were used to measure titres of antibodies against ABO (IgM) with buffered gel cards and 4 minor and minor red‐blood‐cell antigens (IgG) anti‐IgG gel cards. Multiple ORTHO VISION automated analyzers were used to assess inter‐instrument variation. A subset of ABO (IgM) samples were compared between laboratories to evaluate inter‐laboratory variability. Multiple samples were titred by tube and by automated gel technology to determine similarity of results.ResultsTesting demonstrated no significant difference between analysers or between sites when performing automated titrations (P ≥ 0·99). Non‐ABO IgG titres were evaluated and demonstrated little inter‐instrument variability. The IgM anti‐A and ‐B titres obtained by automated gel testing were neither consistently higher nor lower than tube titres. Greater than 90% of titre values were within one dilution.ConclusionBased on this study, our data suggest that titreing by automated gel testing is both highly reproducible (IgM and IgG) and does not differ significantly from manual tube testing results of direct agglutination (IgM).
Evaluation of the performance of an endoscopic 3‐mm electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device intended for single use after multiple use‐and‐resterilization cycles
Authors: Quitzan Juliany Gomes , Singh Ameet , Beaufrere Hugues , Valverde Alexander , Lillie Brandon , Salahshoor Masoomeh , Bardelcik Alexander , Saleh Tarek M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of an endoscopic 3‐mm electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device (EBVS) intended for single use after multiple use‐and‐resterilization cycles.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationEight 3‐mm EBVS handpieces.MethodsHandpieces were subjected to a maximum of 15 cycles of testing, including simulated surgery, sealing and burst pressure testing of porcine carotid arteries, reprocessing, and hydrogen peroxide plasma resterilization. Failure was defined as two sequential vascular seal leakage events occurring at <250 mm Hg. Histological evaluation, maximum external temperature of the jaws, sealing time, tissue adherence, jaw surface characterization, and mechanical deterioration were studied. Failure rate was analyzed by using a Kaplan–Meier curve. Linear and ordinal logistic mixed models were used to analyze sealing time, handpiece jaw temperature, and adherence score.ResultsMean ± SD diameter of arteries was 3.22 ± 0.35 mm. Failure was observed starting at cycle 10 and going up to cycle 13 in 37.5% (3/8) of the handpieces. Tissue adherence increased after each cycle (P < .001). Maximum external temperature (79.8°C ± 13.9°C) and sealing time (1.8 ± 0.5 seconds) were not significantly different throughout cycles up to failure. A flatter surface and large scratches were observed microscopically throughout the jaw surface after repeated use and resterilization.ConclusionThe 3‐mm EBVS handpiece evaluated in this study can be considered safe to use for up to nine reuse‐and‐resterilization cycles.Clinical significanceThese data provide the basis for establishing preliminary guidelines for the reuse and hydrogen peroxide plasma resterilization of an endoscopic 3‐mm EBVS handpiece.