bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life in the Russian Arctic in population estimates (case study of the Murmansk region)
Authors: Popova O N , Vicentiy I V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Murmansk region, being a strategic Arctic region of Russia, has long been characterized by negative dynamics in the population, mainly due to migration loss. The paper presents the results of a sociological analysis of the living conditions of the Murmansk region population. According to residents, the Murmansk region is a region with adverse climatic and social living conditions. The most urgent problems of the region and its settlements are of a pronounced institutional nature and are associated with the poor development of social infrastructure. Among them are problems in the areas of employment and labor, healthcare, education, leisure, road infrastructure, housing and communal services. In general, residents of the region note the inefficiency of “northern social benefits”, low living standards, poverty, low salaries and pensions amid high prices for goods and services in the region. These factors serve as a motivational basis for the formation of negative migration attitudes of residents of the Murmansk region.
Religious identity empirical studies in a socio-cultural space of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Tolstoguzov O , Pitukhina M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the empirical study results of religious identity in region’s socio-cultural space. The aim of the study is to understand how sub ethnos in terms of modern challenges would be able to maintain its recognizable ethnocultural profile – so called “gestalt”. By the example of a multinational sub-ethnic group at the Republic of Karelia (both northern and border region) an attempt was made to evaluate public relations stability structure. Thus evaluated ethnic and civilized identity would include a combination of complex attributes that reflect both self-identification method and other ethnocultural groups perceptions (and attitudes). A hypothesis was also suggested that social geosystem possesses social relations structure perceived both in temporal and spatial dimensions. In particular, attitudes towards other ethnocultural groups and religions were scrutinized. Thus there were distinguished - the core - together with the variable part that evolves under the influence of challenges and internal causes. Invariants (empirically identified features that remain relatively unchanged in temporal and spatial dimensions) as well as region’s socio-cultural space inversions were revealed.
Analysis of the applicability of visual navigation methods in arctic conditions
Authors: Bakhshiev A V , Smirnova E U , Ulanov V N , Abrosimov E A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the features of the use of autonomous navigation algorithms for mobile robotics in the Arctic. The main difficulty of the work of visual navigation methods in such conditions is that large areas of frames are occupied by a uniform snow cover, which greatly complicates the search for characteristic points and their comparison, as a result, it becomes impossible to achieve the necessary localization accuracy and map construction. The paper describes ways to improve the quality of visual navigation in arctic conditions - determining the skyline, which allows a more detailed view of the area of movement of the robot, not taking into account variable cloud cover and finding characteristic points not only on large objects on the horizon, but also on snow; adaptive contrast equalization, which is used to display such imperceptible features of a snowy surface as ribbing left by the wind, which makes it possible to distinguish features even on a visually uniform plane; the use of scale-invariant features; a special approach to the selection of key frames.
Mobile robotic air cushion system
Authors: Kochneva O V , Podkolzina L V , Kozlovich A V , Shabanov D V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Currently, a variety of mobile robotic platforms are widely used. One of its areas of application is the transportation of heavy loads. In addition, such systems can be used in the development of the Arctic as auxiliary tools for the construction and maintenance of research bases and equipment warehouses on them. Also, the use of mobile robotic platforms will increase the efficiency of mineral development in the Arctic shelf zone and, in the future, automate this process to a greater or lesser extent. At the same time, classic mobile robotic platforms have a number of serious disadvantages that are associated with their design. The main problem is the high degree of wear on the rollers and the relatively rapid destruction of the main structural elements due to the resulting transverse forces. These forces occur due to errors when installing the rollers. But they can be significantly reduced by equipping the mobile platform with an air cushion. This article defines the importance of using an air cushion in the design of mobile robotic platforms. A schematic diagram of a classic hovercraft is described. The existing schemes for creating an air cushion skirt are presented, their main characteristic features are noted, and advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The layout of a mobile robotic platform on an air cushion is presented. A dependence is obtained that shows the effectiveness of using an air cushion for this layout. The analysis of its movement parameters is made, the dependences between the required power of the supercharger and the weight of the transported cargo are investigated, depending on the size of the gap between the seal and the floor.
Ontology for group of rescuing robots
Authors: Kulichenko A D , Polovko S A , Yu Smirnova E , Shubin P K , Ulanov V N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Annotation. In general, almost all fields of activities in the High North and the Arctic Region can be classified as either of high or extreme risks, as any kind of emergency at industrial site/object facility is very likely to lead to a large number of casualties. Rescuing people in distress is a complicated and challenging task. Having experience of numerous rescuing activities, it has shown that application of conventional rescue equipment in northern environments is not so effective: part of rescue facilities (such as medical aircrafts and ships) are based far from location of emergency, whereas the other part (floats, boats) have very limited capabilities. However, if arrived 48 hours after the catastrophe, there is almost zero possibility to find anyone alive, and the situation often becomes even worse because of the fact that rescuers have absolutely no idea about the actual situation and conditions within the emergency area or zone. Use of robotic groups in order to provide searching of survivors, lifting them up from either sea or ice surface, considering also further transporting of the people suffered - to stationary point-of-care or station of medical aid. Should tasks of robot group operation planning and of challenging situations complex analysis be considered, the most important is to implement standardized language with very clearly defined terminology. To solve this task, it is necessary to have appropriate ontology, i.e. it is ontology that determines core constructs, properties and connections. The article indicates core robotic ontologies, standardized and currently applied by international engineering community, as well as proposes extended solution of already existing IEEE standards (CORA, etc.), formulated with application of core SUMO ontology.
Providing marginal areas of the Northern Sea Route with radio communications when using dam-free hydropower plants
Authors: Borisova L F , Korobko A N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to the Navigation Rules in the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the skipper should receive all types of information support for safe navigation in the Arctic zone, including navigation, hydrometeorological and hydrological. In order to maintain safe and efficient navigation, the NSR routes should receive navigation safety information from the transmitting points of the NAVTEX system. For this, along the NSR route, it is necessary to have a developed network of coastal and base transceiver stations. Effective information and technological support of the NSR route is prerequisite not only for the safe conduct of ship traffic, but also for the successful civilizational development of the coast, including the deployment and maintenance of the tourism industry. The inaccessibility, territorial distance from the main centers of management and the harsh climate make the NSR areas unprofitable for development in the foreseeable future. Under these conditions, only radio communication, which is not critical to the features of the soil cover and does not require expensive cabling of communication facilities, is an economical means of information and communication support for such territories. The most problematic of NSR radio technical support is the extremely low level of energy supply to the North and the Far East. Possessing the longest sea coastal zone, and occupying one of the leading places in the world in hydropower resources, Russia uses its hydropower potential by only 20%. The situation is aggravated for inaccessible territories for which problems in the field of energy cannot be solved by traditional methods. It is economically unprofitable or simply impossible to use large hydroelectric power stations to power hard-to-reach facilities on the NSR routes. The solution may be the use of small hydropower. To solve the problem of fast, low-cost and efficient energy supply of marginal and inaccessible territories, a new constructive solution for mini-hydropower plants has been proposed. The developed design of mini-hydroelectric power plants does not require the construction of dams, or artificial reservoirs, which allows to increase efficiency compared to the traditional approach.
Comparison of diagnostic methods for thermal aging of shipboard cable
Authors: Buev S , Vlasov A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a comparison of two methods for diagnosing the insulation condition of ship power cables that are subject to accelerated aging at elevated temperatures. Earlier, an express methodology was presented for checking ship cables by measuring the hardness of insulation of conductors and the hose sheath with a device according to the Shore method, which makes it possible to estimate the service life of cable routes without dismantling them. The methodology was tested on fishing vessels and was taken into account by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. However, any applied diagnostic methods are not without faults due to interference and errors, and therefore cannot provide a reliable control result. To increase the reliability of the audit of various electrical equipment and ship cables, it is advisable to control other parameters characterizing the technical condition of the facility. One of these parameters is the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), which can be measured with the Tangens 2000 instrument. The article presents the results of measuring the insulation hardness and loss tangent during thermal aging of a ship cable KNRE 2x1, and a comparison of two methods for assessing the condition and service life of a cable.
Technology and equipment for underwater wet welding and cutting of high strength steel arctic structures using flux-cored wires*
Authors: Parshin S , Levchenko A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the experimental findings of underwater wet welding and cutting of API X70 pipe steel and plates with the use of the following flux-cored wires: TiO2-CaF2; Fe2O3-TiO2 and Fe2O3-TiO2-SiO2. For cutting the cored wire with a diameter of 2 mm based on salts of iron and alkali metals was developed. The best weld properties have been achieved during the underwater welding with fluoride flux-cored wires with TiO2-CaF2 system, which provides the suitable micro structure of the weld, high solidity of deposited metal and mechanical properties of the weld. The use of flux-cored wire improves a quality of underwater wet cutting of steel plates with thickness up to 8 mm.
New Arctic air transportation with Hybrid electrical disc shaped Airship and body plane Aircraft innovation
Authors: Ponyaev L P , Kuprikov M Y , Kuprikov N M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The new Global International Air Transportation development as Logistic High Way via North Polar and Russia from Canada to Chaina are focusing to the new Airship and Large Hall Aircraft (LHA) Ecology Electrical Concept of the Transpolar Hybrid Power Fleet by ICAO& IATA Regulation and Sscurity along the Flight Routes with minimum Toxic & Noise to Climate and Passengers Safety. The paper analyzes the promising of Development Technologies of the Modern Hybrid Aero Systems as use the Solar Disc Shaped Airship (DSA) of Thermoplan LTA type by MAI Design and Production with EC Swiss. France and Germany cooperation. The estimation of the profitability of the Disk Shaped for the more Optimal Aerodynamic and Weight Efficiency in comparison with other view Forms for High Altitude Stratospheric & Orbital Complex as Astronomical Observatories and the implementation of International Aerospace Launches & Landings.
Some aspects of using IR-cameras in Arctic navigation
Authors: Vlasov A , Buev S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Navigation in Arctic waters is associated with an increased risk of collision with icebergs and other ice formations. For people, these are severe weather conditions and low chances of survival in cold water if the vessel is abandoned. So according to some reports, a person can be alive in ice water no more than 5-8 minutes, and wearing a wetsuit does not increase this time by much. In this regard, one of the tasks of search and rescue is to reduce the time for identifying a person on the water. In addition to visual surveillance tools, this task can be solved with the help of thermal imagers. First of all thermal imaging complexes are known to modern man as devices installed in airport terminals, which allow identifying individuals with elevated body temperature and therefore potentially infected. However, thermal imagers are increasingly being used for other professional and domestic purposes. This is largely due to a decrease in the cost of such devices, a reduction in size and an improvement in their usability. The idea of detecting people in the dark with a thermal imager is not new, but the method proposed in this article is original. Life jackets and wetsuits must be equipped with devices that emit infrared waves that can be captured by thermal imagers when the body temperature is not very different from the surface temperature of the water. Also, infrared cameras can be used to find pollution at sea.
Investigation of temperature dependence of radiation from semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes
Authors: Vlasova S , Vlasov A , Alloyarov K , Volkova T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The investigation of temperature dependences of the radiation from red semiconductor laser diodes and light emitting diodes (LEDs) made on the basis of AlGaInP quadruple solid solution has been carried out. Despite the fact that the basic reasons for the change in the wavelength of laser and LEDs radiation when the temperature changes are considered to be known, however, the details of this effect are not well understood. The research shows experimentally how the radiation wavelength changes with temperature changes in the range from -20° C to 40°C for both a semiconductor laser and a LED. It was found that the rate of change in the radiation wavelength of the devices under study differs when the temperature changes. Two linear sections can be distinguished on the laser diode dependence of the wavelength on temperature X(T), while the LED has one section on the dependence X(T). The paper provides an explanation of the observed patterns based on the analysis of the possible influence of various factors. The study is relevant due to the fact that the devices under study are operated in the Arctic region, both at low and high temperatures, and there is insufficient information about the effect of temperature on the radiation characteristics of the studied devices.
Usage of additive technologies in the Arctic region
Authors: Kozlova E V , Starikov K A , Konakhina N A , Aladyshkin I V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article considers the use of additive technologies in the Arctic region as a tool that contributes to the sustainable development of the Arctic territories. The Arctic region is rich in deposits of minerals, hydrocarbons and other strategically important resources for the Russian Federation. In the article described the current use of additive technologies and a classification of additive technologies according to the following criteria: method of layer formation, method of the powder conversion and on the materials being processed. The types of additive technologies for each classification criterion are considered. A conceptual approach of analyzing the capabilities of additive technologies in the Arctic is proposed, it is based on the classification of the Russian Arctic area into subspaces and consideration of the capabilities of additive technologies for each subspace. Due to the fact that human activity in the Arctic is heterogeneous, the entire region can be divided into subspaces for functional purposes. The article presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of using additive technologies in the following Arctic subspaces: base cities, mobile rotational camps, mineral resource extraction territories, recreational territories, fishing territories, the Northern sea route, and infrastructure for the protection of safe existence. The article describes the application of additive technologies taking into account the functional features of each subspace of the region, describes advantages and limitations of using this technology of its use.
Investigative techniques in low-temperature environments
Authors: Kosarev S , Mokhorov D , Mokhorova A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The important role of improving the activities of all law enforcement agencies depends on the scientific level of their organization. An essential part of the methodology for the investigation of any crime is the element devoted to the specifics of investigative tactics, a special place among which is occupied by an investigative examination of the scene of an incident, from which an investigation usually begins. Investigative actions (in particular, investigative examination) carried out under low air temperature conditions have their own significant features that require separate study. This paper deals with the peculiarities of carrying out a type of procedural investigative action, such as examination in the Arctic conditions (low air temperature), gives practical recommendations to law enforcement officers on how to act in conditions related to adverse weather situation (low temperatures, shortened daylight), deals with the peculiarities of work in these conditions with traces of hands, feet, vehicles, burglary; special attention is paid to the peculiarities of working with odor and shooting traces; special attention is paid to the peculiarities of work at the scene of corpse location and of work with blood traces. General scientific methods were used as the research method - analysis, synthesis, determination of cause-effect relation of the phenomena in conditions of low temperature, and also the philosophical law which assumes differentiation of scientific knowledge about scientific grounds of tactics of procedural investigative actions in combination with the necessity of integration of the received knowledge with other sciences (logic, criminal procedure law, medicine).
Modelling of maneuvering of the ship equipped with two azipods
Authors: Pashentsev S V , Yu Egorov V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wide development of the Northern Sea Route is one of the main national projects of the Russian Federation. Solution of this large-scale problem is impossible without new types of ships, which are capable of working all year round among ice of polar latitude. These vessels are designed for different purposes, so that they are characterized by stronger hulls of ice class and new types of propulsion device – azipods, in other words – screw-steering columns. Rotating of azipods along vertical axis allows to direct propulsive force in arbitrary direction, which makes it possible to stop using rudder and move more efficiently. For example, proceed forward with stern of the ship. Ships with two azipods are of special effectiveness. With wide operation of new types of propulsion devices, it becomes necessary to include their particular mathematical models in general model of the vessel. This as well applies to azimuthal propulsion devices, known as screw-steering columns. Model becomes more complicated when the ship is equipped with two azipods, which influence each other during application in a particular way. The practicable way of research of such ships’ work is their mathematical modelling, which includes modelling of the hull of the ship, as well as the azipods the ship equipped with. Exactly this model is described in this research. The vessel with displacement of about 36000 tons is equipped with two azipods. Hull is described by the model in shifts, work of every azipod – by Hoffmann algorithm. Basic value of propulsion force of every screw of azipod before its turn is calculated with Lammeren curve of screw force.
Experience and prospects for the wind power plants constructing in the north western part of the Euro-Arctic region of Russia
Authors: Bezhan A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Murmansk region is characterized by great potential for using wind energy, whose resources are especially large in the coastal areas of the Barents and White Seas. It was found that in periphery of areas where there is a disruption to power supplies, the use of wind power plants is especially important. The paper presents a brief analysis of wind power current state and its development in the Murmansk region. Studies revealed that it is tend to be used small-power wind power plants, which are basically intended to be used for power supply to remote decentralized consumers in the region. It can be assumed that together with the construction of these wind power plants, the foundation of the Murmansk region wind energy resources development was laid. It is shown that the further wind power development of the Murmansk region is likely to have the wind farms constructing there. One of these projects found its practical application in the form of the201 MW wind farm«Kola Wind Farm», the construction of which is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2021. The wind farm is approximately to be able to generate about 750 GWh per year.