bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct label-free imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes by cryogenic electron microscopy
Authors: Heberle Frederick A. , Doktorova Milka , Scott Haden L. , Skinkle Allison D. , Waxham M. Neal , Levental Ilya 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceWe have used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to achieve direct, probe-free imaging of lateral domains in biomimetic lipid membranes under native conditions and to characterize differences in their structures. First, measurements of membrane thickness in laterally uniform single-component membranes show that cryo-EM is capable of subangstrom resolution of interleaflet membrane thickness. All-atom simulations are used to predict the cryo-EM appearance of submicron domains in vesicles with coexisting liquid domains and these are quantitatively validated by direct imaging of phase-separated membranes. We then extend this approach to observe nanoscopic domains in isolated cellular membranes, demonstrating direct imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes.
Heuristics and optimal solutions to the breadth–depth dilemma
Authors: Moreno-Bote Rubén , Ramírez-Ruiz Jorge , Drugowitsch Jan , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
From choosing among the many courses offered in graduate school to dividing budget into research programs, the breadth–depth is a commonplace dilemma that arises when finite resources (e.g., time, money, cognitive capabilities) need to be allocated among a large range of alternatives. For such problems, decision makers need to trade off breadth—allocating little capacity to each of many alternatives—and depth—focusing capacity on a few options. We found that little available capacity (less than 10 samples for search) promotes allocating resources broadly, and thus breadth search is favored. Increased capacity results in an abrupt transition toward favoring a balance between breadth and depth. We finally describe a rich casuistic and heuristics for metareasoning with finite resources.
The structure of protein dynamic space
Authors: Rackovsky S. , Scheraga Harold A. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Protein dynamic properties have been computationally accessible only by means of molecular-dynamic simulations, or network models, of specific molecules. We have developed a bioinformatic approach to dynamics, which makes it possible to delineate the dynamic characteristics of large numbers of sequences simultaneously. In this work we report an analysis of the large-scale dynamic structure of protein space. It is demonstrated that proteins of different structural classes have different dynamic behaviors, and that all-helical proteins occur with two distinct types of dynamic behavior. One subset of helical proteins is characterized by localized, helix-based dynamics, while the complementary subset exhibits dynamics of a more three-dimensional nature. This information has not been available through the application of more traditional methods.
Understanding Collaboration: Introducing the Collaborative Governance Case Databank
Authors: Douglas Scott , Ansell Chris , Parker Charles F , Sørensen Eva , ‘T Hart Paul , Torfing Jacob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudying collaborative governance has become a booming business. However, the empirical literature still struggles to produce robust generalizations and cumulative knowledge that link contextual, situational and institutional design factors to processes and outcomes. We still have not mustered the broad and deep evidence base that will really help us sort fact from fiction and identify more and less productive approaches to collaboration. The current empirical evidence in the study of collaborative governance consists chiefly of small-N case studies or large-N surveys. The challenge is to move from case- based, mid- range theory building to more largeN- driven systematic theory- testing, while also retaining the rich contextual and process insights that only small-N studies tend to yield. This article, and the articles in the accompanying special issue, introduces an attempt to provide this middle ground – the Collaborative Governance Case Database. The database has been developed to serve as a free common pool resource for researchers to systematically collect and compare high- quality collaborative governance case studies. This article is an introduction to the database, exploring its design, opportunities and limitations. This article is also an invitation; inviting all researchers to freely use the cases in the database for their own research interest and to help strengthening the database by adding new cases there are eager to share with colleagues.
Convexification for an inverse problem for a 1D wave equation with experimental data
Authors: Smirnov A V , Klibanov M V , Sullivan A J , Nguyen L H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The forward problem here is the Cauchy problem for a 1D hyperbolic PDE with a variable coefficient in the principal part of the operator. That coefficient is the spatially distributed dielectric constant. The inverse problem consists of the recovery of that dielectric constant from backscattering boundary measurements. The data depend on one variable, which is time. To address this problem, a new version of the convexification method is analytically developed. The theory guarantees the global convergence of this method. Numerical testing is conducted for both computationally simulated and experimental data. Experimental data, which are collected in the field, mimic the problem of the recovery of the spatially distributed dielectric constants of antipersonnel land mines and improvised explosive devices.
Observation of a neutron spin resonance in the bilayered superconductor CsCa2Fe4As4F2
Authors: Adroja D T , Blundell S J , Lang F , Luo H , Wang Z-C , Cao G-H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report inelastic neutron scattering (INS) investigations on the bilayer Fe-based superconductor CsCa2Fe4As4F2 above and below its superconducting transition temperature T
c ≈ 28.9 K to investigate the presence of a neutron spin resonance. This compound crystallises in a body-centred tetragonal lattice containing asymmetric double layers of Fe2As2 separated by insulating CaF2 layers and is known to be highly anisotropic. Our INS study clearly reveals the presence of a neutron spin resonance that exhibits higher intensity at lower momentum transfer (Q) at 5 K compared to 54 K, at an energy of 15 meV. The energy E
R of the observed spin resonance is broadly consistent with the relationship E
R = 4.9k
B
T
c, but is slightly enhanced compared to the values observed in other Fe-based superconductors. We discuss the nature of the electron pairing symmetry by comparing the value of E
R with that deduced from the total superconducting gap value integrated over the Fermi surface.
Ab initio calculation of the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho: Auger–Meitner decay into continuum states
Authors: Braß M , Haverkort M W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Determining the electron neutrino mass by electron capture in 163Ho relies on an accurate understanding of the differential electron capture nuclear decay rate as a function of the distribution of the total decay energy between the neutrino and electronic excitations. The resulting spectrum is dominated by resonances due to local atomic multiplet states with core holes. Coulomb scattering between electrons couples the discrete atomic states, via Auger–Meitner decay, to final states with free electrons. The atomic multiplets are above the auto-ionisation energy, such that the delta functions representing these discrete levels turn into a superposition of Lorentzian, Mahan- and Fano-like line-shapes. We present an ab initio method to calculate nuclear decay modifications due to such processes. It includes states with multiple correlated holes in local atomic orbitals interacting with unbound Auger–Meitner electrons. A strong energy-dependent, asymmetric broadening of the resonances in good agreement with recent experiments is found. We present a detailed analysis of the mechanisms determining the final spectral line-shape and discuss both the Fano interference between different resonances, as well as the energy dependence of the Auger–Meitner Coulomb matrix elements. The latter mechanism is shown to be the dominant channel responsible for the asymmetric line-shape of the resonances in the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho.
Lie Symmetry Analysis on Benjamin-Ono Equation
Authors: Hong Joseph Boon Zik , Singh Parmjit Singh a/l Aperapar , Han Cheong Tau , Rasid Nor Syazwani Mohd 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Benjamin-Ono Equation are significantly important in describes the one-dimensional internal waves in deep water. Because of its significance, Lie symmetry reduction were chosen to reduce the equation and hence solve the equation. Lie symmetry analysis is one of the powerful methods to solve partial differential equation. Due to its effectiveness, this method is widely applied in solving equation in various field. In this paper, calculation of symmetry of the equation was first present, followed by reduction of the equation. The equation are reduced from non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) to ordinary differential equation (ODE) and hence analytic solution of the partial differential equation was obtained by solving the reduced ODE.
On eigenvalue bounds for the finite-state birth-death process intensity matrix
Authors: Tan R R P , Ikeda K , Garces L P D M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper sets forth a novel eigenvalue interlacing property across the finite-state birth-death process intensity matrix and two clearly identified submatrices as an extension of Cauchy’s interlace theorem for Hermitian matrix eigenvalues. A supplemental proof involving an examination of probabilities acquired from specific movements across states and a derivation of a form for the eigenpolynomial of the matrix through convolution and Laplace transform is then presented towards uncovering a similar characteristic for the general Markov chain transition rate matrix. Consequently, the proposition generates bounds for each eigenvalue of the original matrix, easing numerical computation. To conclude, the applicability of the property to some real square matrices upon transformation is explored.
On a Hadamard fractional boundary value problem for 3 < α ≤ 4.
Authors: Jebreen Haifa Bin , Ragoub Lakhdar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This note deals with Hadamard fractional differential equation of order 3 < α ≤ 4, subject to a mixed boundary conditions on [1, e]. The investigation made here involves Hadamard integral operator of a function with a construction of an appropriate Green’s function. Using its properties as well as its maximum value, we will be able to get Hartman-Winter and Lyapunov-type inequalities for a class of Hadamard fractional differential equations. Finally, we will illustrate this result by giving an example.
Eigenfunction Expansion for the Elastic Rectangle
Authors: Kovalenko M D , Menshova I V , Kerzhaev A P , Yu G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the paper, we construct an exact solution to a boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity for a rectangle in which the longitudinal sides are free, while normal and tangential stresses are given at the ends (even-symmetric deformation with respect to the central axes). The solution is represented in the form of series in Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions. The coefficients are determined explicitly by using functions biorthogonal to the Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions. We give the final formulas which have a simple appearance and can easily be used in engineering practice. The obtained solution is compared with the solution to the corresponding boundary value problem for a half-strip.
Modeling Dynamics of Political Parties with Poaching from One Party
Authors: Macansantos Priscilla S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dynamical social phenomena have been modeled using differential systems employed in mathematical models of epidemiology. In Misra (2012), an epidemiological model is used to study the “spread” of two political parties. In Nyabadzaet. al (2016), the authors point out that the Misra model may be generalized by considering switching between political parties. We take off from these to consider a model in which there are two parties, with a third party recruiting only from one, hence acting as a renegade to one of the two parties. We locate equilibria and consider local stability particularly of the co-existence/endemic equilibrium. Finally, we look at parameter values that result in the recruitment activities of the third party adversely affecting the group it recruits from.
Thailand rice production analysis: alternative approaches without P-value
Authors: Sucharidtham Thunyawadee , Wannapan Satawat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper was contributed to seek a supporting evidence for the use of spatial analysis in panel data estimations. Yearly panel data regarding rice production and crucial factors, as well as quantities of rice planting areas, fertilizer usages, rice farmer families, and precipitations were observed as a time-series trend during 2009 to 2017. Methodologically, to avoid traditionally statistical assumptions like probabilistic significant test and to improve sensibility of model estimations, Bayesian statistics and inferences were applied to the entire methods of this paper. Stationary testing was accomplished by employing the Bayesian-ADF unit method. Additionally, the findings estimated via Bayesian panel regression models that indicated the spatial dummy added into the models also influenced both rice products and related factors. Thus, rice production needed to be regionally investigated and proposed critical issues should be practically considered.
Multiple Change-points Test Based on Heteroscedasticity and Its Application in Subway Passenger Flow
Authors: Zhang X , Shi S Z , Wang H Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A class of heteroscedastic multiple change-points test method (H-SMUCE) is introduced to test the mean change-point of subway passenger flow data. And the Algorithm steps is proposed. In this paper, since the passenger flow data obeys the normal distribution, this test method has a high accuracy rate. Simulation shows that the accuracy is over 90%. This algorithm for change-points test is applied to the passenger flow of 28 stations in Shanghai Metro Line 1, the positions and times of the change-points are measured, and the law of the change in average passenger flow is analyzed.
Ranking the market efficiency of the Philippine stock exchange industry sectors using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
Authors: Antenorcruz J M V , Manzano M C F , Batac R C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the market efficiency of the Philippine stock exchange industry sectors was ranked through the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis wherein the generalized Hurst exponents for each sector were obtained. The difference between the minimum and maximum generalized Hurst exponents for each sector was used to measure market efficiency. For detrending polynomials of degree one, the following efficiency ranking was obtained, from most efficient to least efficient: properties, mining and oil, holding firms, industrial, finance and services. The results imply that since the services sector was found to be the least efficient sector, then investors do not react quickly to information entering the market, thus reflecting on the sector’s index. Conversely, the results also imply that the properties sector is the most efficient industry in the Philippine stock exchange. The multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis was also conducted for quadratic and cubic detrending polynomials, and different efficiency rankings were obtained, it was found that services and properties were still the most inefficient and efficient sectors, respectively. This study has provided additional evidence on the link between multifractality and market efficiency, and it has also been found that such a link still exists when considering industries under a country’s stock exchange.
A New Hybrid Algorithm of Bisection and Modified Newton’s Method for the nth root-finding of a Real Number
Authors: Pinkham S , Sansiribhan S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm to approximate the nth root of a given real number z. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid algorithm between the Bisection method and the combination of the inverse of sine series and Newton’s method. The proposed algorithm will be tested to find the numerical results on Matlab programming. The results showed that if z > 1, the proposed method converges with the initial interval [1, z] and if 0 < z < 1, it converges with initial interval [0,4]. The comparison of the obtained result with Newton’s method and AS-Newton’s method shown that the efficiency of the proposed algorithm may better than both of them concerning the initial value.
Light Pollution: A Preliminary Study in Kundasang, Sabah Based on Sky Quality Meter System
Authors: Ngadiman N F , Shariff N N M , Hamidi Z S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Night sky brightness is one of the important parameters to be considered in determining the quality of a site for astronomy observation. However, light pollution acts as a major contributor to sky brightness at night. We measure the night sky brightness at Kundasang, Sabah to obtain the first preliminary sky brightness reading. In order to measure light pollution in Kundasang Sabah, Unihedron Sky Quality Meter (SQM-LU-DL) was used for the measurement with a fixed position and oriented towards the zenith. The measurements have been done during the period of July 2018 to February 2019. The measurement is taken between approximately 7 p.m. to 5.30 a.m. everyday. The best night sky brightness reading is on January 5th, 2019 with a value of 21.34 ± 0.7 mag/arcsec2. The preliminary average reading of sky brightness is 20.71 ± 0.2 mag/arcsec2. Comparison with previous similar studies for the same condition of astronomy sites in Malaysia and other locations indicate that Kundasang, Sabah is a suitable location for astronomical observation.
Application of Solar Radio Bursts Observation in Detecting Magnetic Reconnection Phenomenon
Authors: Mohamad Ansor N , Hamidi Z S , Shariff N N M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study highlights the importance of solar activity observation in radio region which covers 45-870 MHz, which also provides clues on the appearance of magnetic reconnection. It was carried out by utilizing e-CALLISTO data from Glasgow station. On 9th March 2019, intense solar radio bursts type III sparked off and were detected by Glasgow station in the UK at 12.29 UT, that lasted for 15 minutes. There were two bursts that were observed to appear separately by 1-minute interval. Accompanying the bursts formation was a B6.5 flare, the highest flare throughout the day and it was recorded by NOAA at 12.26 UT which was in the time frame of the bursts event. It is believed that the type III bursts were associated to the flare formation as radio emissions were emitted at the beginning of the flare during reconnection. From the analysis, results have shown that multiple magnetic reconnection process took place during the solar activity as indicated by a large group of bursts. However, no extended bursts formed for the rest of the day as well as lack of activity produced by the same region for the following days and that could be a hint of the decay phase of AR 2734. Detailed discussions on the bursts corresponding to the flare activity are discussed in this paper.
Active Cancelling System for Mitigating ELFM Field in a High Tech Fab
Authors: Lin H Y , Chang L M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As nano-level of semiconductor manufacturing technology continuously advances, the demands of the high performance microscopes (HPM) and other precision instruments are increasing. To employ these microscopes and instruments, the processes involved are often venerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI), especially, the processes would be sensitively impacted by the extremely low frequency magnetic (ELFM) field. The frequency ranges of the ELFM field are from 1Hz to 3KHz. The high-intensity of ELFM field would cause measurement errors of high-precision instruments and drop production yield rate. In this paper, an active magnetic interference cancelling system (AMICS) with square Helmholtz coil structure will be utilized. The square Helmholtz coil structure is used for generating a magnetic field for mitigating the ELFM. To achieve the fast response of AMICS in regard to the ELFM field change, an embedded system with the real-time operating system (RTOS) was built to perform the magnetic measurement and magnetic cancelling task. The experimental results of research show that the ELF field cancelling capability has been improved about 95.87% for 60Hz and 96.05% for 100Hz.
Stable and Broad Multiwavelength Generation with the Assistance of Intensity Dependent Loss Mechanism based on Bidirectional SOA
Authors: Sulaiman A H , Ismail A , Abdullah F , Jamaludin M Z , Mahdi M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Multiwavelength fiber laser is based on bidirectional semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated. The multiwavelength spectrum from this setup produces 143 lasing lines within 5 dB uniformity. This bidirectional setup can maintain a flat multiwavelength lines with high peak power since both lights from SOA are fully utilized. The combination of polarization controllers (PCs), SOA and polarization beam combiner (PBC) induces an intensity dependent loss (IDL) mechanism which acts as the flatness element. The multiwavelength performance is investigated at different SOA current and PCs setting. Lower SOA current and different PC adjustment deteriorate multiwavelength performance. The laser is greatly stable since no laser fluctuation is found within 100 minutes of stability test.
Light Pollution Measurement at Selected Sites of Peninsular Malaysia on 9th of June 2018
Authors: Shariff NNM , Hamidi ZS , Osman MR , Ngadiman NF 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Light pollution is regarded as one of environmental issues, although it is often neglected by vast majority of us. It has severe impacts on human health & nocturnal creatures. Due to that, measurement of light pollution is crucial as it serves as an indicator on how polluted our sky. The objective of this paper is to compare light pollution measurement at designated sites. For this paper, we choose four (4) stationary sites that are located according to cardinal directions i.e. Selangor Observatory (BCS), Kuala Lipis (LPS), Besut (BST) and Langkawi National Observatory (ONL). All sites were installed Sky Quality Meter (LU-DL type). The measurement is in magnitude per arc second (mpsas) or abbreviated as mag/arcsec2 unit. The higher the measurement value indicates the less polluted sky. We found that 9th of June 2018 was identified as best day for the four (4) sites based on the average of sky magnitude along night. The less polluted site is LPS site with 21.15 mag/arcsec2 and the worst site is BST with 19.58 mag/arcsec2. Measurement of light pollution in the long run is vital in order to have a reliable dataset and for protection of the night sky brightness.