bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UBASH3A deficiency accelerates type 1 diabetes development and enhances salivary gland inflammation in NOD mice
Authors: Chen Yi-Guang , Ciecko Ashley E. , Khaja Shamim , Grzybowski Michael , Geurts Aron M. , Lieberman Scott M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent advances in genetic analyses have significantly refined human type 1 diabetes (T1D) associated loci. The goal of such effort is to identify the causal genes and have a complete understanding of the molecular pathways that independently or interactively influence cellular processes leading to the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β cells. UBASH3A has been suggested as the underlying gene for a human T1D associated region on chromosome 21. To further evaluate the role of UBASH3A in T1D, we targeted Ubash3a in NOD mice using zinc-finger nuclease mediated mutagenesis. In both 10-week-old females and males, significantly more advanced insulitis was observed in UBASH3A-deficient than in wild-type NOD mice. Consistently, UBASH3A-deficient NOD mice developed accelerated T1D in both sexes, which was associated with increased accumulation of β-cell autoreactive T cells in the spleen and pancreatic lymph node. Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells into NOD.Rag1-/- mice demonstrated that UBASH3A deficiency in T cells was sufficient to promote T1D development. Our results provide strong evidence to further support a role of UBASH3A in T1D. In addition to T1D, UBASH3A deficiency also promoted salivary gland inflammation in females, demonstrating its broad impact on autoimmunity.
Topological and system-level protein interaction network (PIN) analyses to deduce molecular mechanism of curcumin
Authors: Dhasmana Anupam , Uniyal Swati , Anukriti  , Kashyap Vivek Kumar , Somvanshi Pallavi , Gupta Meenu , Bhardwaj Uma , Jaggi Meena , Yallapu Murali M. , Haque Shafiul , Chauhan Subhash C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurcumin is an important bioactive component of turmeric and also one of the important natural products, which has been investigated extensively. The precise mode of action of curcumin and its impact on system level protein networks are still not well studied. To identify the curcumin governed regulatory action on protein interaction network (PIN), an interectome was created based on 788 key proteins, extracted from PubMed literatures, and constructed by using STRING and Cytoscape programs. The PIN rewired by curcumin was a scale-free, extremely linked biological system. MCODE plug-in was used for sub-modulization analysis, wherein we identified 25 modules; ClueGo plug-in was used for the pathway’s enrichment analysis, wherein 37 enriched signalling pathways were obtained. Most of them were associated with human diseases groups, particularly carcinogenesis, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Finally, the analysis of topological characteristic like bottleneck, degree, GO term/pathways analysis, bio-kinetics simulation, molecular docking, and dynamics studies were performed for the selection of key regulatory proteins of curcumin-rewired PIN. The current findings deduce a precise molecular mechanism that curcumin might exert in the system. This comprehensive in-silico study will help to understand how curcumin induces its anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects in the human body.
Developing of nano sized fibrous eutectic silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy by laser remelting
Authors: Abboud Jaafar , Mazumder Jyoti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaser surface melting followed by rapid solidification is an effective means to produce very fine microstructures with desirable surface properties because of the high rates of cooling associated with it. In the present study, the effect of rapid cooling on the silicon particle size, distribution, and morphology of hypereutectic Al–17wt.%Si and Al–20wt.%Si alloys have been investigated. A continuous-wave CO2 laser of wavelength 10.6 μm and a Trumpf Yb-YAG disk laser of wavelength 1.030 μm were used with a beam diameter of 1 mm and scanning speeds ranging from 5 to 100 mm/s. Rapid solidification increased the solubility of silicon in aluminum to approximately 5wt% and induced non-equilibrium hypoeutectic microstructures comprising large volume fractions of primary α-Al dendrites and ultrafine Al–Si eutectic of lamellar morphology. Both α-Al dendrites and the silicon particle sizes were significantly reduced from micron to nanoscale level. The morphology of silicon particles is modified from massive polygonal and plate-like to a mixture of fine flakes with round corners, feathery and fibrous, or a coral-like and thread-like structure. The eutectic silicon size and the interlamellar spacing were reduced to 30 and 10 nm, respectively. Furthermore, most of the silicon crystals in the eutectic region and the aluminum dendrites contained a significant number of twins which were considered as an essential contributor to the mechanism of growth and branching. Microhardness values increased two to threefold due to the refinement of the microstructural constituent.
Global, regional, and country seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women: a systematic review, modelling and meta-analysis
Authors: Bigna Jean Joel , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tounouga Dahlia Noelle , Bekolo Anne Olive , Ymele Nadia S. , Youda Emilie Lettitia , Sime Paule Sandra , Nansseu Jobert Richie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEfficient health-care for pregnant women require accurate data on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy at global, regional, and country levels. In this systematic review with meta- and modelling-analysis, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, Global Index Medicus, and Africa Journal Online to identify studies that reported enough data to compute the immunoglobulins (Ig) M or G seroprevalence estimates of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women up to December 31st, 2018, without any language restriction. The global and regional estimates were done using a random-effects meta-analysis. We included 250 studies with 723,655 pregnant women. The global IgM seroprevalence was 1.9% (95%CI: 1.7–2.3). At the regional level, Eastern Mediterranean had the highest IgM seroprevalence (4.1%, 95%CI: 2.8–5.5) and The Americas, the lowest (1.1%, 0.8–1.4), with a statistically significant difference between WHO regions (p < 0.0001). The global IgG seroprevalence was 32.9% (95%CI: 29.4–36.4). Among WHO regions, The Americas had the highest prevalence (45.2%, 95%CI: 33.4–53.4) and Western Pacific the lowest (11.2%, 7.8–15.1), with a statistically significant difference between regions (p < 0.0001). This study presents a high toxoplasma seropositivity in pregnant women at global, regional and country levels, with a consequential high risk of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis.
ColoType: a forty gene signature for consensus molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer tumors using whole-genome assay or targeted RNA-sequencing
Authors: Buechler Steven A. , Stephens Melissa T. , Hummon Amanda B. , Ludwig Katelyn , Cannon Emily , Carter Tonia C. , Resnick Jeffrey , Gökmen-Polar Yesim , Badve Sunil S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) tumors can be partitioned into four biologically distinct consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4) using gene expression. Evidence is accumulating that tumors in different subtypes are likely to respond differently to treatments. However, to date, there is no clinical diagnostic test for CMS subtyping. In this study, we used novel methodology in a multi-cohort training domain (n = 1,214) to develop the ColoType scores and classifier to predict CMS1-4 based on expression of 40 genes. In three validation cohorts (n = 1,744, in total) representing three distinct gene-expression measurement technologies, ColoType predicted gold-standard CMS subtypes with accuracies 0.90, 0.91, 0.88, respectively. To accommodate for potential intratumoral heterogeneity and tumors of mixed subtypes, ColoType was designed to report continuous scores measuring the prevalence of each of CMS1–4 in a tumor, in addition to specifying the most prevalent subtype. For analysis of clinical specimens, ColoType was also implemented with targeted RNA-sequencing (Illumina AmpliSeq). In a series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CRC samples (n = 49), ColoType by targeted RNA-sequencing agreed with subtypes predicted by two independent methods with accuracies 0.92, 0.82, respectively. With further validation, ColoType by targeted RNA-sequencing, may enable clinical application of CMS subtyping with widely-available and cost-effective technology.
Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants
Authors: Rishiq Dania , Harkrider Ashley , Springer Cary , Hedrick Mark 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation.

Method

Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults (
M
age
= 21 years) and 11 older adults (
M
age
= 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older).

Results
Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed.

Conclusions
Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.
Speech-Language Pathology Services in the Schools: A Follow-Up 9 Years Later
Authors: Brandel Jayne 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the schools provide services to students with a variety of disorders and severity levels. This study built upon a previously published survey (Brandel & Loeb, 2011) to examine whether factors related to the place and time for services for students with language disorders had changed since the 2008 survey and to examine the differentiation of decisions made by the SLPs across the three severity levels.

Method
Responses from 439 SLPs to an online national survey related to the place and time of services for students with language disorders were examined using regression in regard to the current factors impacting service delivery and the amount of variation in these decisions by the individual SLPs across the three severity levels.

Results
Similar to previous findings, students participated in services primarily in groups outside the classroom once or twice a week for 20–30 min. Factors that continued to impact decisions were the SLP's caseload and year of graduation. Related to the differentiation of decisions, most SLPs made two different decisions across the three severity levels for where and how long to provide services, while almost one third made the same decision for the place.

Conclusions
The results indicate that service delivery and the factors impacting it have remained relatively the same. While most SLPs do differentiate decisions related to time, less variation is observed regarding the place for services. Research is needed to clearly identify barriers and test possible solutions so that school practice can improve.
Comparing the reflectivity of ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites with those of short-period comets like 2P/Encke
Authors: Tanbakouei Safoura , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. , Blum Jürgen , Williams Iwan , Llorca Jordi 
Published: July 2020

Aims.The existence of asteroid complexes produced by the disruption of these comets suggests that evolved comets could also produce high-strength materials able to survive as meteorites. We chose as an example comet 2P/Encke, one of the largest object of the so-called Taurid complex. We compare the reflectance spectrum of this comet with the laboratory spectra of some Antarctic ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites to investigate whether some of these meteorites could be associated with evolved comets.Methods.We compared the spectral behaviour of 2P/Encke with laboratory spectra of carbonaceous chondrites. Different specimens of the common carbonaceous chondrite groups do not match the overall features and slope of the comet 2P/Encke. By testing anomalous carbonaceous chondrites, we found two meteorites: Meteorite Hills 01017 and Grosvenor Mountains 95551, which could be good proxies for the dark materials that formed this short-period comet. We hypothesise that these two meteorites could be rare surviving samples, either from the Taurid complex or another compositionally similar body. In any case, it is difficult to get rid of the effects of terrestrial weathering in these Antarctic finds, and further studies are needed. A future sample return from the so-called dormant comets could also be useful to establish a ground truth on the materials forming evolved short-period comets.Results.As a natural outcome, we think that identifying good proxies of 2P/Encke-forming materials might have interesting implications for future sample-return missions to evolved, potentially dormant, or extinct comets. Understanding the compositional nature of evolved comets is particularly relevant in the context of the future mitigation of impact hazard from these dark and dangerous projectiles.
Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products
Authors: Ding Jing , Liu Xiaolei , Tang Bin , Bai Xue , Wang Yang , Li Shicun , Li Jian , Liu Mingyuan , Wang Xuelin 
Published: July 2020

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.
Epidemiologische Studien zu chronischen
Straßenlärm-Expositionen und dem Blutdruck: Ein systematischer
Review mit Metaanalysen
Authors: Renner René A. , Groß Valérie J. , Ernst Angela , Hellmich Martin , Erren Thomas C. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, die aktuelle epidemiologische
Studienlage zu Assoziationen zwischen chronischen
Straßenlärm-Expositionen und der Prävalenz der
arteriellen Hypertonie sowie dem Blutdruck darzustellen und in Metaanalysen
zu explorieren.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den
Datenbanken Medline® und Web of Science™.
Ergänzend wurde nach grauer Literatur in der Datenbank OpenGrey
gesucht. Eingeschlossen wurden epidemiologische Studien, die
Zusammenhänge zwischen objektiven
Straßenlärm-Expositionen am Wohnsitz der Probanden und der
Prävalenz der arteriellen Hypertonie oder dem gemessenen Blutdruck
untersuchten. Wenn möglich wurden in Metaanalysen Gesamteffekte
für die untersuchten Assoziationen berechnet. Die statistische
Auswertung erfolgte mit R für Windows.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 31 relevante Studien identifiziert und
Metaanalysen für potenzielle Assoziationen zwischen
Straßenlärm und der Prävalenz der arteriellen
Hypertonie bei Erwachsenen und für Assoziationen mit dem
systolischen und diastolischen Blutdruck in beiden Altersgruppen
durchgeführt. Für Erwachsene konnte ein statistisch
signifikanter (p<0,01) Anstieg für das Risiko einer
arteriellen Hypertonie bei Exposition gegenüber chronischem
Straßenlärm mit einer Zunahme um 7% pro 5 dB(A)
festgestellt werden. Die berechneten Gesamteffekte für Assoziationen
mit dem systolischen Blutdruck waren sowohl für Kinder als auch
für Erwachsene nur schwach positiv und ohne statistische
Signifikanz. Für den diastolischen Blutdruck waren in beiden
Altersgruppen keine Zusammenhänge erkennbar.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund methodischer Limitierungen und einer hohen
Heterogenität der Einzelstudien, die sich auch in den
Random-Effects-Modellen abbildet, ist die Aussagekraft der
geschätzten Effekte stark eingeschränkt. Um potenzielle
Einflüsse von Straßenlärm auf den Endpunkt
arterielle Hypertonie und den Blutdruck angemessen untersuchen zu
können, sollten zukünftig mehr prospektive Kohortenstudien
mit einer präzisen Methodik, u.a. bezüglich der
Expositionserfassung, der Bestimmung der Endpunkte und der
Berücksichtigung relevanter Kofaktoren, durchgeführt
werden.
KODA score: an updated and validated bowel preparation scale for patients undergoing small bowel capsule endoscopy
Authors: Alageeli Mohammad , Yan Brian , Alshankiti Suliman , Al-Zahrani May , Bahreini Zoya , Dang ThucNhi T. , Friedland Joshua , Gilani Syed , Homenauth Ravi , Houle Jennifer , Kloc Milica , Luhoway Jacqueline , Merotto Lucas , Rofaiel Rymon , Singh Chantal , Smith Alexis , Thomas Benson , Townsend Cassandra , Yoo David , Zepeda-Gomez Sergio , Stitt Larry , Jairath Vipul , Sey Michael Sai Lai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims A reliable outcome measure is needed for bowel preparation quality during capsule endoscopy. Currently, no scales are adequately validated. Our objective was to update an existing small bowel preparation score, create a standardized training module, then determine its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.
Patients and methods Modification to produce standardized scoring of an existing small bowel preparation score was performed followed by development of a training module and validation to create the new Korea-Canada (KODA) score. Twenty readers from a range of backgrounds, including capsule endoscopists, gastroenterology fellows, residents, medical students, and nurses rated bowel cleanliness in 25 capsule videos consisting of 1,233 images, in duplicate 4 weeks apart, after completing the training module. Sequential images selected in 5-minute intervals during small bowel transit were rated on a scale between 0–3 based on the amount of visualized mucosa and the degree of obstruction. Reliability was assessed using estimates of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
Results Intraclass correlation coefficients for inter-rater (ICC 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70–0.87) and intra-rater (ICC 0.92, 95 % CI 0.87–0.94) reliability were almost perfect among the 20 readers. Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.72 (95 % CI 0.57–0.81) and 0.89 (95 % CI 0.79–0.93) for nurses and residents, respectively. Intra-rater reliability was greater than 0.90 for all groups except for nurses, which was still almost perfect (ICC 0.86, 95 % CI 0.79–0.90).
Conclusions Almost perfect inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was observed for the KODA score. This simple score could be used for future clinical trials after completion of the training module.
Aufgeklärte Mitarbeiter/innen – Die
informierte Einwilligung als ethische Orientierung für
Verhaltensprävention im betrieblichen Kontext
Authors: Kuhn Eva , Müller Sebastian , Heidbrink Ludger , Buyx Alena 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Methode Menschen haben in allen Lebensbereichen ein Recht
auf körperliche und geistige Unversehrtheit und darauf, in
Gesundheitsfragen autonom und informiert entscheiden zu können. Um dies
zu gewährleisten, ist die informierte Einwilligung in der Medizin seit
Jahren ethisch-rechtlicher ‚Goldstandard‘. Die Anmeldung zu
Maßnahmen der Verhaltensprävention läuft hingegen
bislang vorwiegend über Formulare, die lediglich dem Datenschutz
besondere Aufmerksamkeit widmen, ohne eine informierte Einwilligung
zukünftiger Teilnehmer/innen gesondert in den Blick zu nehmen.
Der Beitrag zeigt die ethischen Herausforderungen auf, die sich bei der
Zustimmung Beschäftigter zu gesundheitsförderlichen
Maßnahmen stellen. Daran schließt sich eine theoretische Analyse
der Übertragbarkeit des medizinethischen Instruments der informierten
Einwilligung auf die betriebliche Verhaltensprävention an.
Ergebnisse Die informierte Einwilligung lässt sich in angepasster
Form auf den betrieblichen Kontext übertragen. Besonderes Augenmerk ist
dabei nicht nur auf den Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Daten zu legen, sondern
auch auf die angemessene Weitergabe der wesentlichen Informationen sowie die
Freiwilligkeit der Teilnahme.
Schlussfolgerungen Die abgewandelte Form der informierten Einwilligung in
der Verhaltensprävention sollte zu einem Kriterienraster
weiterentwickelt werden, welches konkrete Bedingungen für die Anwendung
der informierten Einwilligung auf einzelne verhaltenspräventive
Maßnahmen absteckt.
Is Lumbar Puncture Avoidable in Low-Risk Neonates with Suspected Sepsis?
Authors: Dalai Richie , Dutta Sourabh , Pal Arnab , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Jayashree Muralidharan 
Published: July 2020

Objective Performing lumbar punctures (LP) in all clinically suspected neonatal sepsis, as per current recommendations, results in many “negative” LPs. LPs are not without their own risks. With the intention of minimizing unnecessary LPs among neonates, we aimed to identify a subgroup at extremely low risk of developing possible meningitis so that an LP could be safely avoided in it.
Study Design This was a prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study in a level III neonatal unit. We included 300 episodes, in which LP was performed for suspected sepsis. We recorded a comprehensive set of clinico-demographic variables, laboratory parameters, sickness score, organ dysfunction score, and organ localization and studied association of these factors with “definite (culture positive) or possible meningitis.” “Possible” meningitis was defined with liberal criteria, intending not to miss any meningitis. A subgroup without a single factor associated with “definite or possible meningitis” was analyzed for incidence of meningitis.
Results There were 121 episodes of “definite or possible meningitis” among 300 episodes of sepsis. On unadjusted analysis, apnea, irritability, high-pitched cry, seizures, neutrophilia, high C-reactive protein (CRP), score for acute neonatal physiology and perinatal extension II (SNAPPE-II), urine output, and leukomalacia were associated with “definite or possible” meningitis (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, no apneas, no neutrophilia, and normal CRP were independently associated with “no definite or possible meningitis.” Nevertheless, the subgroup that had a combination of no apneas, no neutrophilia, and normal CRP (n = 118) had a 29% probability of “definite or possible meningitis.”
Conclusion The lowest risk subgroup had a 29% chance of having “definite or possible” meningitis. There is no subgroup that we could identify among neonates with suspected sepsis, in which it is safe to avoid an LP.
Key Points