bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the creation of the original material for the selection of yellow seed varieties oil crops of the Brassicaceae family
Authors: Hablak S. G. , Abdullaeva Y. A. , Ryabovol L. O. , Ryabovol Y. S. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Study of the genetic resources of Arabidopsis for the purpose of detecting mutations with selection-valuable alleles of interest for transgenesis in cultivated oil plants of the genus. Brassicaceae by genetic engineering and biotechnology. Methods. Empirical research (observation, comparison), theoretical research (abstraction, analysis and synthesis). Results. A study of genetic collections of Arabidopsis resources (NASC and ABRC) showed that there are mutations in international collection centers (tt1-1; tt2-1; tt3-1; tt4-1; tt5-1; tt8-1 and ttg-1) with breeding-valuable alleles suitable for transgenesis of alleles in cultivated oilseeds of the genus. Brassicaceae in order to create a source material with a yellow seed color. Conclusions. The study of the potential of the largest international Arabidopsis collection centers of NASC, ABRC and SASSC on basic biological and breeding grounds allows us to identify economically valuable alleles for the implementation of breeding programs in different directions.
Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Brassicaceae, seeds, yellow color.
The Danger of Acculturation Process Phase to International Students’ Academic Achievement: A Case Study of Zhejiang Normal University
Authors: Fute Antony Zakaria 
Published: November 2020

With the rising number of international students in China, there has been a great need for assessment and evaluation of the acculturation processes as well as challenges in regard to their academic progresses. The cultural gap may not be big between China and other Asian countries. However, it really exists with Non-Asian ones. With the fact that culture determines comfort in one’s life, the following un-answered questions were worthy to be answered in this paper: How do international students acculturate in China? What are the social and academic impacts during the acculturation process? What are the academic effects of failing to acculturate, especially among international students in China? The data shows that, 34% of international students only connect with their own culture. Majority (51%) of those who acculturate successfully, take more than one year to do so. Among the behaviors which were described as bad ones, alcoholism is leading among others, which are adapted by international students in the process of trying to assimilate or acculturate. Positively, 48% of students admitted to have learned time management as part of acculturation process in China.
Despite the acculturation process being challenging to some students, scholarship has been one of the factors for them to stay. Scholarship students, especially from economically disadvantaged families choose to stay and achieved their academic goals through scholarship. Notwithstanding, their academic performances among students who fail to acculturate have been relatively low. Several measures such as introduction of intensive orientation programs as well as guidance and counseling office may enable international students understand each other’s culture.
Impacts of Prosopis juliflora on Abundance and Species Diversity of Forage Species in Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Clement Nadio E. , Humphrey Agevi , John Obiri 
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study sought to determine the effects of P. juliflora on the abundance and relative diversity of other forage species in Turkana County.
Study Design: Ecological data collection entailed cross-sectional surveys across riverine and non-riverine ecosystems.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in three sub-counties within Turkana County namely Turkana Central, Turkana West and Turkana South between 15th January to 17th May, 2020.
Methodology: Sampling plots were used to collect plant abundance data from the various parts of the study area. The plots were of three types; main plots of 30 m× 40 m (1200 m2), sub-plots of 5 m × 2 m (10 m2) and square quadrats of 1 m×1 m (1 m2). The sub-plots and quadrats were nested within the main plots which were in turn laid down along transect belts. The transects of width 40 m and 400m in length were laid down in two main habitats (riverine and non-riverine) of the three sub-counties. Control plots were also laid in non P. juliflora sites.
Results: Prosopis juliflora was the most abundant species covering about 63% of the sampled individuals (N=6390). This was followed by Acacia tortilis at 18% while Acacia mellifera was the least. There was significant difference in abundance between sites and among counties (p˂0.05). The Shannon diversity index (H´) in areas with Prosopis juliflora ranged between 0.40-1.27 while in areas without Prosopis juliflora (or Control) it ranged between 1.5-2.1, indicating high diversity in the areas without P. juliflora compared to areas colonized by it. Prosopis juliflora was also high in the riverine areas compared to non-riverine areas across the three sub counties. Results show that Prosopis juliflora has invaded vast areas especially the riverine ecosystem leading to a decline in the population of key forage species and thus threatening the socio-economic livelihoods of Turkana County.
Conclusion: Prosopis juliflora was the most abundant and dominant plant species in both the riverine and non-riverine sites. The study also showed that P. juliflora has led to the decreased plant species richness and diversity in the area because of its invasive nature.
Gamma Rays Induced Oil and Fatty Acid Alteration in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seeds
Authors: Kumar Girjesh , Bhardwaj Mohini 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effects of radiation on oil and fatty acid content of cumin by irradiating seeds with varied doses of gamma rays viz.,100 Gy, 125 Gy, 150 Gy, 175 Gy.
Study Design: Oil and fatty acid content was estimated by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy.
Results: The result reveals that oil and fatty acid quantity were significantly changed upon radiation. Oil amount was increased in irradiated seeds whereas fatty acid content was decreased except petroselinic acid and linoleic acid which was increased in comparison to control. In contrast to non irradiated seeds, the lowest dose of gamma found beneficial as oil content and majority of fatty acids were increased.
Conclusion: Therefore, irradiation of cumin seeds for protection and preservation purpose could significantly affect the fatty acid content of cumin as seeds are prone to fungal infections.
Determination of Optimal Solar Power and Corresponding Tilted Angle in Different Geoclimatic Zones in Nigeria
Authors: Olusola Ojo Samuel , Israel Emmanuel , Oluwafemi Omitusa , Babatunde Adeyemi 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To estimate the optimum tilt angle and maximum solar power for different geoclimatic zones in Nigeria.
Methodology: In this study, the surface data of direct and diffuse solar radiations spanning 2013 to 2017 were obtained from the archives of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application for 20 stations spread across Nigeria. To study the direct relationship between the solar power on a photovoltaic panel and the solar radiation, the values of the direct, diffuse, and ground-reflected components of solar radiation were calculated for six tilt angles ranging from 15° to 90° using anisotropic models. Afterwards, the maximum values of the solar power and the corresponding tilt angles, as well as the average number of solar panels that can be used to cater for the electricity needs of households in all the geoclimatic zones, were estimated.
Results: Analyses showed that the maximum solar power was received at tilt angles of 30° and 45° from October till February, and tilt angles of 15° and 30° from March till September in all the study locations. For instance, the Sahel and Guinea Savanna zones had the highest solar power, whereas Derived Savanna and Coastal zones had relatively low power. Based on the results, it was determined that the number of solar panels required in the sahel zone would be lower than those of the other zones.
Conclusion: It can be inferred from the results that the reception of maximum solar power is at the tilt angle of 45o in Sahel, Guinea, and Derived Savanah regions, and at 30o in the Coastal region. The results of this research will provide solar engineers with accurate information on the orientation and tilt of PV modules for efficient power generation.
Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer among Females in Alkharj
Authors: Alshahrani Saad M. , Almutiran Alanoud , Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: November 2020

Aim: A large proportion of females diagnosed with progressed phases of the disease, which can be related to knowledge deficiency about screening importance. This study aimed to assess the awareness and attitudes about breast self-examination and breast cancer among females in Alkharj.
Methodology: This study was conducted using a self-administered survey that was adapted from previous studies conducted in Northeast Nigeria and Jordan. The data were collected using excel software and the descriptive data were represented as frequencies and percentages. Using Raosoft sample size calculator, the recommended sample size was 200.
Results: The majority of the respondents were in the age level between 20-39 (71.75%). Approximately 89% of the respondents said that they are aware of breast cancer but social media is the main source of their information (76.82%). About 54% of the females who filled the survey said that they heard about breast self-examination but without practicing it.
Conclusion: Females in Alkharj had good knowledge about BSE and breast cancer but social media is the main source of their information. Moreover, a significant percentage of females don’t practice BSE.
Comparison of Trace Elements Levels in Atrial Fibrillation Patients and Healthy Group
Authors: Bazargani Zahra , Shojaeifard Manzar Banoo , Valizadeh Gholam Abbas 
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to measure the concentration of Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) in the blood serum of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients as compared to healthy subjects in both genders.
Methods: This study, conducted on patients with AF (n = 50) and controls (n = 24) were evaluated by available method. Blood samples were taken from the patients and analysis of trace elements was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 22.0.
Results: Zn and Se concentrations were evaluated in AF patients and healthy group. Zn and Se concentration in AF patients is much lower than in healthy group (p<0.008, p<0.000). AF patients showed a significantly higher Cu concentration than the healthy group (p<0.000). The data of the present study revealed that the concentrations of all trace elements had a significant difference in the serum of AF patients with respect to the healthy group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: We found that concentrations of Zn & Se levels were significantly decrease in the in the serum samples of AF patients compared with the controls group.
Age and Gender Trends in Prescribing and Utilization of Lipid-Lowering Drugs at a Public Hospital in Alkharj City
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. , Almalki Ziyad S. , Alhajri Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2020

Aim: Lipid-lowering drugs are used to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and as a result, they are used in both secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to observe the prescribing trend of lipid-lowering drugs and to describe the gender and age-related differences in the outpatient setting of a public hospital in Alkharj city.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted in outpatient setting of a public hospital in Alkharj city and included the review of electronic outpatient prescriptions. The data was collected and analyzed using Excel software; the descriptive data were represented by percentages and numbers.
Results: The most prescribed lipid-lowering drug in the present study was atorvastatin (62.36%) followed by simvastatin (29.34%). The study found that there are several differences in lipid lowering medications use patterns among different gender and age groups. Therefore, frequent reviews of lipid-lowering drugs use and prescribing pattern are important to optimize patients’ treatment.
Conclusion: It is important in the future to make stratified guidelines based on patient characteristics such as age and gender.
The 100 mm × 100 mm Extreme Ultraviolet Graphite Pellicle: Nano‐Pellicle Production Using the Lowest Free Energy at the Graphite–Water Interface
Authors: Kim Soo‐Young , Shin Dong‐Wook , Kim Seul‐Gi , Nam Ki‐Bong , Hu Qicheng , Kim Taesung , Gim Yeong‐Hyeon , Ko Han Seo , Kim Mun Ja , Yoo Ji‐Beom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExtreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is developed and implemented to fabricate nanodevices under 7 nm. Among the various challenges of EUV lithography, it is certainly a priority for a pellicle, as a physical shield, to protect a reflective EUV mask. Here, a practical, facile, industrial‐friendly pellicle fabrication method is suggested to suspend a nanometer‐thick graphite film (NGF) onto a pellicle frame (inner hole: 100 mm × 100 mm) by the vertical transfer (VT) method, benefitting from the lowest total free energy at the interfaces between NGF, water, and air. Based on the plate model of Neumann and Good, the free energy at the interfaces at various scooping angles is obtained; it is minimized at 90° (VT). Finally, for the very first time an NGF pellicle (100 mm × 100 mm) and 80.6% transmission at 13.5 nm (EUV) using the VT method are demonstrated.
Optically Transparent and Low‐CTE Polyethersulfone‐Based Nanocomposite Films for Flexible Display
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hyun , Lan Nguyen Xuan Viet , Kulkarni Uddhav , Kim Chanho , Cho Sung Min , Yoo Pil J. , Kim Dukjoon , Schroeder Marc , Yi Gi‐Ra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOptically transparent and thermo‐mechanically stable nanocomposite films of polyethersulfone (PESU) and core–shell nanoparticles are prepared by a solvent casting and heat pressing method. As a filler, reactive ZnS‐SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles are prepared by a modified sol–gel process, of which reactive aromatic amine groups are chemically bonded with the polymer matrix. For optical transparency, the shell thickness is adjusted and the core diameter of the core–shell nanoparticles is adjusted to match the refractive index of PESU (nPESU = 1.65). For the composite film with more than 15 wt% of core–shell nanoparticles in PESU, the coefficient of thermal expansion is significantly reduced down to 12 ppm °C−1 in the temperature range of 30–90 °C, which is 80% less than the value of the bare PESU film (≈65 ppm °C−1). Furthermore, their mechanical property is also significantly improved. For 15 and 30 wt%, PESU nanocomposite films show 64 and 74 MPa of yield strength and 1.36 and 2.0 GPa of Young's modulus, respectively, while pure PESU films show only 44 MPa of the yield strength and 0.64 GPa of Young's modulus. Finally, the organic light emitting diode device is demonstrated on the PESU nanocomposite substrate.
Quasi‐Nonvolatile Silicon Memory Device
Authors: Lim Doohyeok , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMemory hierarchy among conventional memory technologies is one of the main bottlenecks in modern computer systems; alternative memory technologies are thus necessary for quasi‐nonvolatile memory applications. Herein, a fully complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible quasi‐nonvolatile memory composed of p+‐n‐p‐n+ silicon on a silicon‐on‐insulator substrate is presented. The quasi‐nonvolatile silicon memory device demonstrates high‐speed write capability (≤100 ns), long retention time (100 s), and nondestructive read capability (1000 s), with high sensing current margin (≈109) and reliable endurance (≥109) at low voltages (≤1 V). Disturb immunity for memory array operations is also observed. This study demonstrates that the proposed quasi‐nonvolatile silicon memory device is a promising candidate that can revolutionize the entire memory hierarchy.
3D versus 2D Electrolyte–Semiconductor Interfaces in Rylenediimide‐Based Electron‐Transporting Water‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Prescimone Federico , Benvenuti Emilia , Natali Marco , Lorenzoni Andrea , Dinelli Franco , Liscio Fabiola , Milita Silvia , Chen Zhihua , Mercuri Francesco , Muccini Michele , Facchetti Antonio , Toffanin Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (WGOFETs) are relevant devices for use in the fields of biosensors and biosystems. However, real applications require very stringent performance in terms of electrochemical stability and charge mobility to the organic semiconductor in contact with an aqueous environment. Here, a comparative study of two small‐molecule electron‐transporting perylenediimide semiconductors, which differ only in the N‐substituents named PDIF‐CN2 and PDI8‐CN2 is reported. The two materials present similar solid‐state arrangements but, while the PDI8‐CN2 shows a more 3D growth modality and electron mobility independent of the semiconductor layer thickness (≈10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1), the PDIF‐CN2 has an almost‐2D growth modality and the mobility increases with the semiconductor film thickness, reaching a maximum value of ≈5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 30 nm. Above this thickness, the PDIF‐CN2 switches to a more 3D growth modality, and the mobility drops by one order of magnitude. XRR analysis indicates that a PDIF‐CN2 film can be modeled as a dense layered structure in which each layer is decoupled from the others due to the presence of fluorocarbon‐chains. The availability of additional pathways for charge transport from buried layers and the 2D versus 3D growth can explain the mobility dependence on the film thickness.
Switching Mechanism behind the Device Operation Mode in SnO‐TFT
Authors: Lee Alex W. , Zhang Yong , Huang Chi‐Hsin , Matsuzaki Kosuke , Nomura Kenji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOxide semiconductor‐based complementary inverter technology is one of the crucial topics to advance oxide device technology to the next stage of development. However, the absence of high‐performance p‐channel oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) hinders the development of oxide‐complementary inverter circuit. Tin monoxide (SnO) is a promising oxide semiconductor to develop not only p‐channel but also ambipolar oxide TFTs. However, the understanding of device operation mode in SnO‐TFT is still insufficient to control the TFT operation modes and to further improve the device performance. The origin of switching mechanism behind the different operation modes in SnO‐TFT is clarified by performing back‐channel defect engineering. It is found that back‐channel subgap defects that involve deep donor‐like and deep acceptor‐like states control the device operation modes of SnO‐TFT. High‐density defects remove the ambipolarity from SnO‐TFT and make the device to only operate in p‐channel mode. ALD‐Al2O3 passivation effectively reduces these defects and produces good ambipolar SnO‐TFTs with p‐channel mobility of ≈1.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and n‐channel mobility of ≈0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The complementary‐like inverter is fabricated using two identical ambipolar SnO‐TFTs and exhibits the voltage gain of 64.1 ± 12.0 and 48.8 ± 6.8 for the first and third quadrants, respectively.
Risk of emergency surgery for complicated appendicitis: Japanese nationwide study
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Endo Hideki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kimura Toshimoto , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Koda Keiji , Ishida Hideyuki , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Hirata Keiji , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Matsuda Akihisa , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAppendicitis is divided into two categories: complicated appendicitis (CA) and uncomplicated appendicitis (UA). In pediatric patients with CA, the use of interval appendectomy (IA), which is non‐operative management followed by elective surgery, has decreased the number of postoperative complications. Before discussing the merit of IA for adult patients, we need to clarify whether the frequency and seriousness of the complication rate after emergency surgery is higher for CA than for UA.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adult patients who underwent appendectomy and who were registered in the National Clinical Database (NCD) from 2014 to 2016. Patients with CA who underwent emergency appendectomy comprised the CA group. Patients with UA comprised the UA group. Patients with chronic or recurrent appendicitis who underwent elective appendectomy comprised the elective appendectomy (EA) group. Primary outcomes were all morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality within 30 days after appendectomy.ResultsWe included 109 256 patients in the study: 14 798 CA, 86 876 UA, and 7582 EA patients. Compared with the UA group, the rates of all morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality were significantly higher in the CA group. All morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality rates were significantly lower in the EA group than in the other two groups.ConclusionsWe confirmed that emergency surgery for CA places the patient at relatively higher risk. We also showed that the risk associated with EA is significantly lower than that for the other methods.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Aroylations of Quinoxalinones with Methylarenes
Authors: Clinton Chayan Dhar , Prasad Ch. Durga , Khanal Hari Datta , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn efficient methodology for the copper‐catalyzed direct oxidative aroylations of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with methylarenes is reported. This methodology offers an efficient access to diverse and polyfunctionalized 3‐aroylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones starting from readily available quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and various methylarenes using TBHP as an oxidant. This protocol is broadly compatible with diverse substrates and is highly functional‐group tolerant.
A linear wave propagation‐based simulation model for dense and polarized crowds
Authors: Chen Qiang , Luo Guoliang , Tong Yang , Jin Xiaogang , Deng Zhigang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluid‐like motion and linear wave propagation behavior will emerge when we impose boundary constraints and polarized conditions on crowds. To this end, we present a Lagrangian hydrodynamics method to simulate the fluid‐like motion of crowd and a triggering approach to generate the linear stop‐and‐go wave behavior. Specifically, we impose a self‐propulsion force on the leading agents of the crowd to push the crowd to move forward and introduce a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics‐based model to simulate the dynamics of dense crowds. Besides, we present a motion signal propagation approach to trigger the rest of the crowd so that they respond to the immediate leaders linearly, which can lead to the linear stop‐and‐go wave effect of the fluid‐like motion for the crowd. Our experiments demonstrate that our model can simulate large‐scale dense crowds with linear wave propagation.