bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman scattering of true 1D van der Waals Nb2Se9 nanowires
Authors: Lee Junho , Kim Bum Jun , Chung You Kyoung , Lee Weon‐Gyu , Choi Ik Jun , Chae Sudong , Oh Seungbae , Kim Ji Man , Choi Jae‐Young , Huh Joonsuk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the experimental Raman spectrum of niobium‐selenide nanowires (Nb2Se9) is reported for the first time followed by an analysis of the Raman spectrum using the density functional theory (DFT). According to the group‐theoretical analysis, 33 Ag modes were identified as Raman active modes. In the experimental spectrum, 19 well‐resolved Raman modes were observed: 13 modes in the low‐wavenumber range (50–200 cm−1) and six modes in the high‐wavenumber range (220–340 cm−1). The DFT calculations were performed using the local‐density approximation (LDA) functional and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) with van der Waals corrections (PBE‐D3). PBE‐D3 showed better compatibility with the experimental data for the high‐wavenumber range. Our results provide an essential reference for the Raman scattering of newly synthesized Nb2Se9 nanowires and nanodevices in the future.
Entrepreneurial alertness in eustress complex environments: An experimental approach of the exploitation/exploration dilemma
Authors: Aimar Thierry , Bouhdaoui Yassine , Mateu Guillermo , Sutan Angela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTechnological and organizational constraints hinder entrepreneurial ability in alertly selecting/exploiting new opportunities. This article aims at showing that the complexity of the environment shapes entrepreneurial alertness. We build an experiment to mimic the choice alertness process (a case of eustress) and measure alertness and its relations with opportunity appearances, entrepreneurial effort, and complexity of the production structure. We show that alertness increases with the selection of more opportunities, but not with the complexity of the environment itself. At the same time, the entrepreneurial effort rate reduces alertness significantly more when participants are in a complex environment.
FinTech in India: An analysis on impact of telecommunication on financial inclusion
Authors: Siddiqui Taufeeque A. , Siddiqui Kashif I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is an evident impact of telecommunication on financial inclusion in the case of several constructs irrespective of regional differences in India. Poor households suffer from inadequate access to financial services. Telecom plays an essential role in expanding financial services to rural areas and in helping people to improve their lives. Inclusive and holistic policies need to be promoted, which will simultaneously enhance telecommunication infrastructure and financial inclusion in India.
A Prospective Study Evaluating the Use of Helium Plasma for Dermal Resurfacing
Authors: Holcomb J. David , Kelly Michael , Hamilton Tiffani K. , DeLozier Joseph B. 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesA novel helium plasma device was evaluated for efficacy and safety for dermal resurfacing (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03286283). The helium plasma device delivers energy in a controlled, bimodal fashion that when compared with the nitrogen plasma predicate device in a porcine animal model demonstrated a more limited depth of thermal effect but a greater skin tissue contraction.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifty‐five eligible subjects seeking improvement in facial rhytids were enrolled for study at one of three investigational sites. Most subjects underwent full‐face treatment. Power levels were limited to 20% at peri‐oral and peri‐orbital areas—a level that correlates to an energy density 40% lower than the highest setting on the predicate device. Three‐month post‐treatment Fitzpatrick Wrinkle and Elastosis Scale (FWS) scores were compared with baseline scores as determined by blinded independent photographic reviewers (IPRs) and study investigators.ResultsBlinded IPRs observed a ≥1‐point FWS improvement in 63.64% of subjects whereas study investigators noted a ≥1‐point FWS improvement in 54 of 55 subjects (98.18%) of subjects. 90.9% of subjects indicated “improvement” in appearance utilizing the modified Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. Subgroup analysis showed 1‐point (±0.05) FWS improvement by IPRs and study investigators for Fitzpatrick Skin Types II and III, age≥62, two of three study sites, and post‐treatment oral steroid use. Eighty Non‐Serious Adverse Events in 39 subjects were reported, most of which resolved within 14 days or less. There were no Serious Adverse Events or Unanticipated Device Effects reported.ConclusionAt the modest power level studied, a significant improvement from a single pass helium plasma dermal resurfacing treatment was observable in most subjects by IPRs and investigators, and no serious adverse events were reported. The discrepancy between IPR and study investigator FWS improvement may be explained in part by the limitations of assessing two‐dimensional photographs versus live in‐person evaluation of subjects. Studies evaluating higher energy levels and/or multiple treatment passes are ongoing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of α‐Zirconium Phosphate Nanosheets on Thermal, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Polyimide
Authors: Wu Zhitao , Jia Weihong , Li Zhangpeng , Hou Kaiming , Ma Limin , Wang Jinqing , Yang Shengrong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, to investigate the addition effect of 2D α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) nanosheets on the properties of polyimide (PI), a series of PI/ZrP composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization. The thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of composites strongly depend on the dispersity and distribution of α‐ZrP nanosheets in the PI matrix. The dispersed α‐ZrP can make rich interfacial interactions with PI matrix, which facilitates the transfer of external stress, heat, antiwear ability, etc., from the PI matrix to the surface of the α‐ZrP nanosheets, leading to the obvious enhancements of the thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of the PI/ZrP composites. Specially, compared with pure PI, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the optimum sample of PI‐0.6 are increased by 13.7% and 35.7%, while its wear volume is reduced by 85%. This work provides a new paradigm for using other layered 2D nanosheets to prepare high‐performance PI‐based composite materials.
Flexible Metal‐Free Memory Electronic Made of π‐Conjugation‐Interrupted Hyperbranched Polymer Switch and Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Liu Zhengdong , Song Cheng , Yin Yuhang , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Minjie , Chang Yongzheng , Xie Linghai , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA flexible metal‐free flash memory device with reduced graphene oxide films as electrodes and diarylfluorene‐based π‐conjugation‐interrupted hyperbranched polymers (CIHPs) as active switches is reported. Two CIHPs, named PCzPF and PCzPF‐PF, are synthesized via BF3•Et2O‐catalyzed fluorenol’s Friedel–Crafts reaction, where the PCzPF‐PF is designed by the decoration of hindrance functional groups, i.e., bulky 9‐phenyl‐fluorenyl (PF) moieties, at the end‐groups of PCzPF. Both of the two CIHPs exhibit excellent solubility and thermal stability. The PCzPF‐based device exhibits no switching effect while the PCzPF‐PF‐based device shows a flash type memory effect, indicating the incorporation of PF groups plays a critical role in realizing electrically bistable behaviors. In particular, the optimized memory exhibits a high ON/OFF ratio of > 3.0 × 103, long retention time of up to 1.2 × 104 s, and high mechanical stability. This work opens a new avenue for metal‐free memory electronics through a low‐cost and full‐solution process approach.
Plasmodium berghei Gamete Egress Protein is required for fertility of both genders
Authors: Andreadaki Maria , Pace Tomasino , Grasso Felicia , Siden‐Kiamos Inga , Mochi Stefania , Picci Leonardo , Bertuccini Lucia , Ponzi Marta , Currà Chiara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMale and female Plasmodium gametocytes ingested by the Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal egress from the red blood cells by rupturing the two surrounding membranes, the parasitophorous vacuole and the red blood cell membranes. Proteins of the so‐called osmiophilic bodies, (OBs), secretory organelles resident in the cytoplasm, are important players in this process. Once gametes emerge, the female is ready to be fertilized while the male develops into motile flagellar gametes. Here, we describe the function(s) of PBANKA_1115200, which we named Gamete Egress Protein (GEP), a protein specific to malaria parasites. GEP is restricted to gametocytes, expressed in gametocytes of both genders and partly localizes to the OBs. A mutant lacking the protein shows aberrant rupture of the two surrounding membranes, while OBs discharge is delayed but not aborted. Moreover, we identified a second function of GEP during exflagellation since the axonemes of the male flagellar gametes were not motile. Genetic crossing experiments reveal that both genders are unable to establish infections in mosquitoes and thus the lack of GEP leads to a complete block in Plasmodium transmission from mice to mosquitoes. The combination of our results reveals essential and pleiotropic functions of GEP in Plasmodium gametogenesis.
Von Viren und Tieren
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDas Virus, das die Covid‐19‐Pandemie verursacht, ist ebenso wie die Erreger von Sars, Mers und diversen Versionen der Grippe von Tieren auf den Menschen übergesprungen. Um künftige Pandemien zu vermeiden, müssen wir die Wege, auf denen sie zu uns gelangen, erkennen und blockieren.
Effects of individual pelvic floor muscle training vs individual training progressing to group training vs group training alone in women with stress urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Figueiredo Vilena B. , Nascimento Simony L. , Martínez Renata F. L. , Lima Clara T. S. , Ferreira Cristine H. J. , Driusso Patricia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the effects of individual pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training vs individual training (IT) progressing to group training (GT) vs group‐only training in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsRandomized controlled and pragmatic clinical trials with 90 women with SUI. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: IT, GT, or four individual sessions progressing to group training (IPGT). The intervention included 12 sessions, once a week, with direct supervision by a physical therapist. Primary outcome: severity according to the King's Health Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes: PFM function by palpation and manometer, bladder and exercise diaries, PFM training adherence, and self‐efficacy. Reassessments were conducted at the end of the intervention, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Intra‐ and intergroup analysis for all outcomes was performed using a multivariate analysis of variance. In the mixed‐effects model used, the evaluation groups and times and their interactions were considered. A significance level of 5% was adopted.ResultsAfter the intervention, the severity measure improved in all three groups (P < .001), without difference between them (P = .56). The benefits of the intervention were maintained 3 and 6 months after the end of the supervised training (P < .001). The IPGT group had a significant improvement in PFM function when compared to the other groups posttreatment (P < .001).ConclusionPFM training improved the severity of urinary incontinence in all groups after 12 sessions of training supervised by a physical therapist. IT progressing to GT improved the function of upper PFM when compared to the other groups.
Combination of the phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor, MR1916 with risperidone shows additive antipsychotic‐like effects without affecting cognitive enhancement and cataleptic effects in rats
Authors: Arakawa Keita , Maehara Shunsuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimPhosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors not only have antipsychotic‐like effects but also cause cognitive enhancement without affecting extrapyramidal side effects in rodents, suggesting that PDE10A may be a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, how a combination of PDE10A inhibitor with a currently available antipsychotic drug, risperidone contributes to the effect of each compound in rats remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the combination effects of MR1916 with a currently available antipsychotic drug, risperidone, in rats.MethodsWe examined the combination effects of the PDE10A inhibitor, MR1916 with risperidone on conditioned avoidance response (CAR) to assess antipsychotic‐like effects in rats. We also examined them on catalepsy as extrapyramidal side effects and novel object recognition test in cognitive functions in rats.ResultsMR1916 (0.025‐0.2 mg/kg, p.o.) and risperidone (0.75‐6 mg/kg, p.o.) alone attenuated the CAR in a dose‐dependent manner. The combination of MR1916 (0.025 mg/kg, p.o.) with risperidone (0.75 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly enhanced the attenuation of CAR without increasing the escape failure response. At the same dosage, the cataleptic effects were not enhanced by combined treatment of MR1916 with risperidone. Furthermore, the enhancement of object recognition memory induced by MR1916 (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) was not affected by the combination with risperidone (0.75 mg/kg, p.o.).ConclusionThe combination of MR1916 with risperidone may have additive antipsychotic‐like effects without affecting extrapyramidal side effects, and the cognitive‐enhancing effect of MR1916 may not be interfered with the addition of risperidone.
Implementing a species‐specific undergraduate research program
Authors: Lerner Annie B. , Tokach Mike D. , DeRouchey Joel M. , Woodworth Jason C. , Dritz Steve S. , Goodband Robert D. , Jones Cassandra K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUndergraduate research experiences have well‐established benefits on undergraduate education, such as improved critical thinking, professional development, and increased interest in graduate studies. In addition, the host faculty can benefit by increasing their research impact and gaining exposure to potential graduate candidates. In the production animal science field (study of domestic livestock raised for meat, milk, or fiber), research also allows for additional livestock handling experience outside of the classroom, which is critical for students without agricultural backgrounds. At Kansas State University, the swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) nutrition research group developed a swine‐specific undergraduate research program. Several different models for projects are in place to maximize the research experience for students. Steps in the process include recruitment, initial student evaluation, project execution, presentation, evaluation, and post‐graduate status update. There are several key roles in this training process. Graduate students serve as mentors and benefit from leadership training and development of interpersonal and managerial skills. Evidence collected after students have completed the program reiterates the importance of exposing students to not only the scientific method, but the swine and feed industries. Many of the students who complete projects ultimately pursue graduate or veterinary degrees, whereas those who choose nonresearch‐related careers recognize the value of research and appreciate exposure to the swine industry. This case study will outline aspects of a swine‐specific undergraduate research program, which can be applied to any life sciences discipline.
Understanding diverse approaches to predator management among gamekeepers in England
Authors: Swan George J. F. , Redpath Steve M. , Crowley Sarah L. , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Disagreements and disputes over the management of predatory animals are a frequent feature of conservation conflicts. In the UK, there are long‐standing conflicts surrounding legal and illegal killing of predators as part of management fostering game species as quarry for sport shooting. Despite the central role of gamekeepers as stakeholders and actors in this predominant form of predator management, little direct attention has been paid to their perspectives and motivations.

We conducted semi‐structured interviews on the subject of predator management with 20 gamekeepers across the south of England and applied a social‐psychological approach to explore the underlying beliefs, norms and information sources associated with their actions. Data were analysed for patterns in terminology, rationalization or subject and synthesized into broad ‘motivations’, which were structured using a framework from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB).

Six primary motivations for predator management emerged: professional identity, personal norms, potential penalties, perceived impact, personal enjoyment and perceived ease. Perceived impact of predators on released game, and wildlife more broadly, was a central driver of predator killing. We identified three indirect influences on how this impact is judged: ‘maintaining balance’, ‘appeal to nature’ and ‘problem individuals’. We find that predator killing by gamekeepers is not solely a function of perceived economic loss but a product of multiple factors, including perceived professional norms, a sense of personal responsibility for game and non‐game wildlife, and assessments of predator populations and behaviours based on personal encounters.

Motivations were well characterized within the TPB framework, with links to subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Our use of this social‐psychological approach to understanding the actions and preferences of these key stakeholders highlights how behaviours that are central to conservation conflicts have multiple social and ecological drivers. Characterizing the multiple motivations behind predator killing might help address aspects of the social conflicts with which sport shooting is currently associated, if actions, deliberation and, where appropriate, mediation, can be targeted at the key concerns of these central stakeholders and actors.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Fetal brain, head, and neck tumors: Prenatal imaging and management
Authors: Feygin Tamara , Khalek Nahla , Moldenhauer Julie S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFetal tumors represent an infrequent pathology when compared to congenital malformations, although their true incidence may be underestimated. A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms may occur anywhere in the neural axis. Imaging plays an important role in the fetal tumor diagnosis and evaluation of their resultant complications. Discovery of a fetal mass on obstetric ultrasound necessitates further evaluation with prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). New MR sequences and new applications of existing techniques have been successfully implemented in prenatal imaging. A detailed assessment may be performed using a variety of MR. Fetal tumors may be histologically benign or malignant, but their prognosis generally remains poor, especially for intracranial lesions. Unfavorable tumor location or heightened metabolic demands on a developing fetus may result in severe complications and a fatal outcome, even in cases of benign lesions. Nowadays, prenatal treatment focuses mainly on alleviation of secondary complications caused by the tumors. In this article we review congenital tumors of the brain, face, and neck encountered in prenatal life, and discuss diagnostic clues for appropriate diagnosis.
Effect of a combined exercise program on physical fitness, lung function, and quality of life in patients with controlled asthma and exercise symptoms: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sanz‐Santiago Verónica , Diez‐Vega Ignacio , Santana‐Sosa Elena , Lopez Nuevo Carlos , Iturriaga Ramirez Tamara , Vendrusculo Fernanda Maria , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Villa Asensi José Ramón , Pérez‐Ruiz Margarita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthmatic patients may benefit from exercise training, although the effects of a combined aerobic and resistance training program are still poorly investigated in children and adolescents.ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of a combined exercise training (resistance and aerobic) program on aerobic fitness, lung function, asthma control and quality of life in a group of mild‐moderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms.MethodsThis was a 12‐week randomized controlled trial including children and adolescents diagnosed with mild‐moderate asthma and presenting exercise‐induced symptoms. The intervention group (IG) performed the exercise training (resistance and aerobic) 3 days/week, for 60 minutes. The control group (CG) followed routine clinical orientations. The main outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, quality of life, asthma control, and functional tests after 3 months of the intervention.ResultsFifty‐three patients (IG = 25 and CG = 28) with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.6 years were included. No significant differences were found between groups regarding lung function, asthma control, quality of life, and functional tests. Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold (P = .025;  = 0.083), peak oxygen consumption (P = .008;  = 0.116) and test duration (P = .014;  = 0.1) presented greater improvements in the IG. In addition, improvements were observed in leg press (P < .001;  = 0.36), hamstring curl (P = .001;  = 0.217), high row (P = .003;  = .167), low row (P = .009;  = 0.128) and quadriceps leg extension (P = .015;  = 0.108) in the IG.ConclusionCombined exercise training (resistance and aerobic) improved cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in children and adolescents with controlled asthma and exercise symptoms.
Stability of discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay via a novel Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional
Authors: Chen Jun , Park Ju H. , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the problem of stability analysis of discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay. Unlike previous articles concentrating on the improvement of summation inequalities, this article constructs a novel augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (L‐K) functional by fully considering the coupling information among state‐related vectors. Based on the newly developed L‐K functional, a more relaxed stability criterion is derived by exploring the interest of existing inequalities. Three numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Atomically Thin Superconductors
Authors: Li Zhi , Sang Lina , Liu Peng , Yue Zengji , Fuhrer Michael S. , Xue Qikun , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, atomically thin superconductors, including atomically thin elemental superconductors, single layer FeSe films, and few‐layer cuprate superconductors, have been studied extensively. This hot research field is mainly driven by the discovery of significant superconductivity enhancement and high‐temperature interface superconductivity in single‐layer FeSe films epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 substrates in 2012. This study has attracted tremendous research interest and generated more studies focusing on further enhancing superconductivity and finding the origin of the superconductivity. A few years later, research on atomically thin superconductors has extended to cuprate superconductors, unveiling many intriguing properties that have neither been proposed or observed previously. These new discoveries challenge the current theory regarding the superconducting mechanism of unconventional superconductors and indicate new directions on how to achieve high‐transition‐temperature superconductors. Herein, this exciting recent progress is briefly discussed, with a focus on the recent progress in identifying new atomically thin superconductors.