bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrice‐beloved Belly of Naples: Nostalgia and privation in George Gissing and Matilde Serao
Authors: Maltz Diana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring visits to Italy between 1888 and 1890, George Gissing immersed himself in fictions by Matilde Serao, a journalist, editor, and leading practitioner of verismo (Italian realism), whose stories focused on the travails of the poor of Naples. Partly as a means of practicing his Italian and partly for his own pleasure, Gissing read serial installments of her novels Addio, Amore! (1890) and Il Paese di Cuccagna (1891). The latter novel, translated into English as The Land of Cockayne (or, The Land of Milk and Honey) in 1901, dramatized the damage wrought upon Naples' social and economic life by its state lottery. Swept up by lottery fever, locals forfeit their savings, exploit each other for loans, and ruin one another's lives. Cockayne invites comparisons with Gissing's The Whirlpool (1897), which captured a culture preoccupied with precarious financial investments, and In the Year of Jubilee (1894), which famously satirized the frenzy of the crowd. Yet, upon closer look, these comparisons do not fully hold. Serao's characters are city people, but they are strongly imprinted by a lingering peasant consciousness. Earnest in their domestic roles, these wives and daughters feel none of the troubling temptations of modernity. All of Serao's men and women hold an enduring folk belief in dreams and premonitions, the means by which they choose their lottery numbers. This was likely the source of Gissing's pleasure in the book. While aspects of Cockayne mirror the modernity of his fictions, Serao's Neapolitans evince an older worldview that intrigues him.
Machine learning and image processing approaches for estimating concrete surface roughness using basic cameras
Authors: Valikhani Alireza , Jaberi Jahromi Azadeh , Pouyanfar Samira , Mantawy Islam M. , Azizinamini Atorod 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCasting concrete at different ages for new construction and repairing or retrofitting concrete structures requires a sufficient bond between concrete casts. The bond strength between different casts is attributed to surface roughness. Surface roughness can be achieved in many ways, such as water‐jetting or sandblasting. To evaluate the degree of surface roughness, qualitative and quantitative methods are introduced by many researchers; however, several drawbacks are associated with most of these methods, including cost, availability, human errors, and inability to assess old structures from prior inspection records. Two novel industrial implementation methods are introduced in this paper to estimate, quantitatively, the concrete surface roughness from images with sufficient resolution. In the first application method, a digital image processing method is proposed to distinguish the coarse aggregate from cement paste, and a new index is presented as a function of aggregate proportional area to the surface area. In the second application method, data augmentation and transfer learning techniques in computer vision and machine learning are utilized to classify new images based on predefined images during the learning process. Both application methods were related to a well‐established method of 3D laser scanning from sandblasted concrete surfaces. Finally, a brand new set of images of sandblasted surfaces was used to test and validate both methods. The results show that both methods successfully estimate the concrete surface roughness with an accuracy of more than 93%.
Dramatical deformation of basilar artery dolichoectasia related to short‐term recurrent stroke
Authors: Kitagawa Tomomichi , Sakuta Kenichi , Komatsu Teppei , Aoki Ken , Sakai Kenichiro , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Mitsumura Hidetaka , Murayama Yuichi , Iguchi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 45‐year‐old man presented with an acute pontine infarction with dolichoectasia of the basilar artery. Four days after initiation of antithrombotic therapy, the occurrence of symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was confirmed by brain computed tomography (MRI), with a remarkable shrinkage of dolichoectasia of the basilar artery. Despite the discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy, subsequent multiple ruptures occurred with re‐expanded DBA and the patient died of respiratory insufficiency. Since DBA has an anatomical structural abnormality in a vessel wall, a shape of vessel could dramatically be changed. Because a transformation of DBA diameter could occur in the course of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, we need to pay attention to change of DBA diameter.
Land use mix in the neighbourhood and childhood obesity
Authors: Jia Peng , Pan Xiongfeng , Liu Fangchao , He Pan , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Li , Zou Yuxuan , Chen Liding 
Published: August 2020

SummaryLand use mix (LUM) in the neighbourhood is an important aspect for promoting healthier lifestyles and consequently reducing the risk for childhood obesity. However, findings of the association between LUM and childhood obesity remain controversial. A literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019. In total, 25 cross‐sectional and two longitudinal studies were identified. Among them, Geographic Information Systems were used to measure LUM in 15 studies, and perceived LUM was measured in 12 studies. Generally, most studies revealed an association between a higher LUM and higher PA levels and lower obesity rates, although some studies also reported null or negative associations. The various exposure and outcome assessment have limited the synthesis to obtain pooled estimates. The evidence remains scare on the association between LUM and children's weight status, and more longitudinal studies are needed to examine the independent pathways and causality between LUM and weight‐related behaviours/outcomes.
Self‐collection of samples for HPV testing to increase participation in cervical cancer screening by immigrant women: An integrative review
Authors: Elmore Catherine E. , Laughon Kathryn , Mitchell Emma McKim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine methods and results of studies assessing self‐collection of cervico‐vaginal samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing by immigrant women for insights into how future research using this method with unique subpopulations of women may improve the rates of cervical cancer screening (CCS) compared to current strategies.Data SourcesFour electronic databases were systematically searched through March 2020, with no limits applied. A manual review of reference lists was also completed.Study SelectionThe search resulted in 63 articles. After removal of duplicates, 36 were reviewed against inclusion criteria. A manual review of reference lists yielded two additional studies. The final sample included 15 relevant publications representing 13 unique empirical studies.Data ExtractionData related to study methodology and empirical results were extracted into table form.Data SynthesisThe methods of the studies were summarized and synthesized, including diversity of participants, community engagement, including collaboration with public health nurses or community health workers. In addition, methods and findings related to the educational components of the studies, and empirical findings related to various cultural groups, were described.ConclusionTo reduce health disparities in CCS, researchers should focus on diverse groups, such as immigrant women, to understand important individual and group‐specific factors that may influence screening, including whether self‐collection of samples for HPV testing along with appropriate education and support for follow‐up will address these factors.
Identification of tea foliar diseases and pest damage under practical field conditions using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Lee Sheng‐Hung , Lin Shiou‐Ruei , Chen Shih‐Fang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLesions of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves are detrimental to the growth of tea crops. Their adverse effects include further disease of tea leaves and a direct reduction in yield and profit. Therefore, early detection and on‐site monitoring of tea leaf lesions are necessary for effective management to control infections and prevent further yield loss. In this study, 1,822 images of tea leaves with lesions caused by three diseases (brown blight, Colletotrichum camelliae; blister blight, Exobasidium vexans; and algal leaf spot, Cephaleuros virescens) and four pests (leaf miner, Tropicomyia theae; tea thrip, Scirtothrips dorsalis; tea leaf roller, Homona magnanima; and tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis) were collected from northern and central Taiwan. A faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN) was then trained to detect the locations of the lesions on the leaves and to identify the causes of the lesions. The trained Faster R‐CNN detector achieved a precision of 77.5%, recall of 70.6%, an F1 score of 73.91%, and a mean average precision of 66.02%. An overall accuracy of 89.4% was obtained for identification of the seven classes of tea diseases and pests. The developed detector could assist tea farmers in identifying the causes of lesions in real time.
Characteristics of initial symptoms and symptoms at diagnosis in probable dementia with Lewy body disease: incidence of symptoms and gender differences
Authors: Utsumi Kumiko , Fukatsu Ryo , Yamada Ritsuko , Takamaru Yuji , Hara Yuko , Yasumura Shuichi 
Published: August 2020

AimAlthough dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by a variety of initial symptoms, there are almost no reports of the initial symptoms of DLB assessed in a large number of cases. We retrospectively evaluated the initial symptoms of 234 participants with DLB and DLB‐related symptoms at diagnosis and characterized any gender differences in the symptom profiles.MethodsThis study consisted of 234 participants with probable DLB who met the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Fourth Consensus Report of the DLB Consortium (2017). DLB was confirmed based on several characteristic biomarkers for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I‐N‐omega‐fluoropropyl‐2‐beta‐carbomethoxy‐3‐beta (4‐iodophenyl) nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography, 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy, and brain perfusion measured with single photon emission computed tomography. In addition, core and supportive clinical features were considered in the diagnosis.ResultsInitial symptoms included cognitive impairment (41.9%) and psychiatric symptoms (i.e. visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, and depression) (42.3%). Almost half of the women initially presented with psychiatric symptoms, with significantly more women than men presenting with auditory hallucinations. In contrast, men had a significantly higher rate of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) than women did. At diagnosis, DLB‐related symptoms differed between men and women, with male patients exhibiting significantly more RBD, parkinsonism, hyposmia, and syncope than female patients. Moreover women presented significantly more often with auditory hallucinations than did men.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there are gender differences in the initial symptoms of DLB, as well as in the presentation of subsequent symptoms observed at diagnosis. There was a higher incidence of RBD in men, whereas women had a higher incidence of psychotic symptoms.
Is Representation Enough? Racial Disparities in Levels of Force and Arrests by Police
Authors: Headley Andrea M. , Wright James E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe research in representative bureaucracy that examines the extent to which racial congruence impacts bureaucrats’ decisions is mixed. This study adds to this literature by examining the impact of representative bureaucracy on the level of force that police officers use and whether they make an arrest in use of force encounters, while taking into consideration key situational conditions. Using individual‐level data from New Orleans to estimate this impact, the authors find that racial congruence and incongruence impact policing outcomes even in the presence of situational shortcuts that cue decision‐making. The findings show that the benefits of representation are conditional on the outcome. Black officers are less likely to use higher levels of force on Black civilians. Yet both Black and White officers are less likely to arrest White civilians in use of force encounters. This suggests that interactions in which bureaucrats have less discretion (e.g., arrests) may offer limited opportunities for active representation.
Effect of delaying the time of insemination with sex‐sorted semen on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers
Authors: Guner Baris , Erturk Melih , Yilmazbas‐Mecitoglu Gulnaz , Keskin Abdulkadir , Karakaya‐Bilen Ebru , Cakircali Rabia , Serim Enes , Orman Abdulkadir , Gumen Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate the interval from onset of oestrus to time of artificial insemination (AI) to obtain the optimum pregnancy rate with sex‐sorted semen in Holstein heifers. Heifers in oestrus were detected and inseminated only by using heat–rumination neck collar comprised electronic identification tag at the age of 13–14 months. Heifers (n = 283) were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the timing of insemination at 12–16 hr (G1, n = 97), at 16.1–20 hr (G2, n = 94) and at 20.1–24 hr (G3, n = 92) after reaching the activity threshold. The mean duration of oestrus was 18.6 ± 0.1 hr, and mean peak activity was found at 7.5 ± 0.1 hr after activity threshold. The mean interval from activity threshold to ovulation was 29.4 ± 0.4 hr. The overall pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was 53.0% at 29–35 days and 50.9% at 60–66 days after AI. There was a significant reduction between G1 (13.8 ± 1.4 hr) and G3 (7.9 ± 1.4 hr) related to the intervals from AI to ovulation time. Sex‐sorted semen resulted in significantly higher P/AI at 29–35 days when heifers inseminated in G3 (60.9%) after oestrus than those inseminated in G1 (49.5%) and G2 (48.9%). In terms of fertility, when the temperature–humidity index (THI) was below the threshold value (THI ≤65) at the time of AI, there was a tendency (≤65; 57.2% vs. > 65; 47.1%) for high pregnancy rate. There was no effect of sire on P/AI. In addition, the interaction of the technician with the time of AI was found significant, and three‐way interaction of technician, sire and time of AI was tended to be significant on pregnancy rate. Thus, in addition to delaying the time of insemination (between 20.1 and 24 hr) after oestrous detection, THI and experienced technician were also found to be critical factors in increasing fertility with the use of sex‐sorted semen in Holstein heifers.
Development and psychometric properties of the Functioning and Recovery Scale: a new measure to assess psychosocial functioning after a suicide attempt
Authors: Batterham Philip J. , Poyser Carmel , Gulliver Amelia , Banfield Michelle , Calear Alison L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveFew measures have been developed to assess the efficacy of community‐based suicide prevention and recovery services. The current study aimed to develop a scale to provide accurate assessment and monitoring of functional recovery for people following a recent suicide attempt at The Way Back Support Service in Australia.MethodThe study was conducted in multiple iterative stages: (1) literature review to identify existing scales; (2) structured informant interview with people with lived experience of a suicide attempt; (3) expert survey of researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience on relevance and acceptability of candidate items; and (4) quantitative survey of the pilot scale to assess psychometric properties.ResultsAn 11‐item scale assessing recovery in people who have recently attempted suicide was demonstrated to be a unidimensional measure with sound psychometric properties (α = 0.94). The scale was highly acceptable to researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience. A short‐form 6‐item scale was also developed.ConclusionsThe Functioning and Recovery Scale is likely to be useful for evaluating suicide prevention programs. No existing scale captures the broad construct of psychosocial functioning with sound psychometric rigor and the involvement of people with lived experience of suicide attempt.
Multi‐kilometre long pathway of geofluids migration: Clues concerning an ophiolite serpentinization setting possibly responsible for the inferred abiotic provenance of methane in thermal water outflows of the South‐West Carpathians (Romania)
Authors: Mitrofan Horia , Marin Constantin , Chitea Florina , Cadicheanu Nicoleta , Povară Ioan , Tudorache Alin , Ioniţă Daniela Elena , Anghelache Mirela‐Adriana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMethane occurrences displaying signatures of a possible abiotic origin had previously been reported in the South‐West Carpathians (Romania). Such an accumulation, at Tisoviţa, was intercepted by a well drilled in an ophiolitic rocks massif, whereas in two other localities—situated tens of kilometres faraway—the concerned methane is released via thermal groundwater outflows that are apparently not associated with any ultramafic products. By using groundwater ionic compositions, corroborated with previously published isotopic (13C‐CH4, 2H‐CH4, 3He/4He) and molecular gas analyses, we assessed in more detail the conjectured abiotic provenance of methane, and quantitatively investigated the hypothesis of a progressive mixing between two, abiotic and thermogenic, methane end‐members. The corresponding geofluids behaviour was modelled by hypothesizing a “concealed” ophiolite serpentinization setting (largely similar to that at Tisoviţa), whose abiotic methane production was “diverted” towards remote discharges at ground surface, via a ~20‐km‐long flowpath supposedly generated by recently operating extensional tectonics.
A data model for organizing relative semantics as images to support pedestrian navigation computations
Authors: Fang Zhixiang , Yang Fan , Guan Fangli , Feng Mingxiang , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPedestrian navigation systems often use the relative semantics of pedestrians and their environments to provide navigation guidance. Relative semantics include spatial and visual semantics. However, most navigation data models are based on an absolute reference frame and do not support the organization of relative semantics. To address this deficiency, we propose a pedestrian navigation data model based on relative semantic images that organizes the relative semantics of landmarks and environments directly in the image channels. Using geographic data for a university campus, we compared the data file size, data access time, and memory usage to confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the geodatabase approach in storing and accessing the relative semantic data. Two examples, self‐localization and route guidance, demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed data model. This model can support fast pedestrian navigation on mobile devices in small and medium‐sized areas.
azul: A fast and efficient 3D city model viewer for macOS
Authors: Arroyo Ohori Ken 
Published: August 2020

Abstract3D city models are an important research topic within geographic information, but there is still a lack of good tools to work with them in practice. In an attempt to alleviate this problem and to help with our own research, we have developed azul, a free and open‐source macOS 3D viewer that was especially engineered for the visualization of 3D city models. The aim of this article is, first of all, to describe the inner workings of azul as a complete methodology to efficiently visualize 3D city models, and which can be also applied to other hierarchically structured data models, which are becoming more prevalent in geographic information. In addition, the article has three ancillary goals: (a) to present other general‐purpose methods that are useful to efficiently process 3D city models (e.g., robust error‐correcting parsers and data models that can be used with multiple formats); (b) to describe technical issues and problematic aspects related to current 3D city model formats that are known by developers but are not properly documented in the scientific literature; and (c) to foster an open discussion about the best data structures and algorithms to process 3D city models in practice.
Phylogenetic signal of host plants in the bacterial and fungal root microbiomes of cultivated angiosperms
Authors: Wang Boxi , Sugiyama Shuichi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryRoot microbiomes are established through selective recruitment by host plants from pools of potential partners. However, the assembly rules of root microbiomes remain unclear. To elucidate (i) the effects of host plant phylogeny on root microbiome assembly and (ii) which microbial groups affect differences in root microbiome assemblies, the structures of bacterial and fungal root microbiomes from 20 cultivated angiosperms were compared. Surface‐sterilized seeds from each species were sown in identical soil, and DNA was extracted from the plant roots after 7–8 weeks. The bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) communities were then examined using Illumina MiSeq. The phylogenetic distances of host plants and assembly dissimilarities of bacterial microbiomes, but not of fungal ones, were significantly correlated, as were the topologies of the host plant phylogenetic tree and the community dissimilarity tree, thereby confirming the phylogenetic conservation of bacterial root microbiomes. Furthermore, host plant phylogeny mainly affected only a few specific bacterial lineages, including the Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Burkholderia (Betaproteobacteria) taxa were more abundant in monocots than in dicots, whereas Streptomyces (Actinobacteria) taxa were less abundant. These findings suggest that bacterial root microbiomes have significantly contributed to the functional divergence of angiosperms at higher taxonomic levels.
Extreme prematurity, growth and neurodevelopment at 8 years: a cohort study
Authors: Hickey Leah , Burnett Alice , Spittle Alicia J , Roberts Gehan , Anderson Peter , Lee Katherine , Doyle Lex W , Cheong Jeanie Ling Yoong ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveInfants born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks’ gestation) exhibit poorer growth and neurodevelopmental impairment in early childhood compared with their term-born peers. Whether poor growth persists and whether associations of growth with neurodevelopmental functioning have changed in the decades since the introduction of surfactant are not well described. This study aims to (1) compare growth from birth to 2 years then 8 years in children born EP between three different eras, and (2) investigate the associations of growth from birth to 2 years then 8 years with cognitive, academic, executive and motor function at 8 years, and if associations have changed over time.DesignProspective observational cohort studies in the State of Victoria, Australia in three discrete eras: 1991–1992, 1997 and 2005. EP children had weight and head circumference measured at birth, and weight, head circumference and height at 2 and 8 years. Cognitive ability, academic performance, executive function and motor skills were assessed at 8 years, corrected for prematurity.Results499/546 (91%) of surviving EP children were fully assessed at 8 years. Growth in children born EP did not differ substantially between eras and associations between growth and neurodevelopment did not change over time. Overall, better weight and head growth from birth to 2 years were associated with improved neurodevelopment at 8 years.ConclusionsGrowth of children born EP has not improved in more recent eras. Better early head and weight growth are associated with improved neurodevelopment in mid-childhood.