bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐evolving coupling functions for evaluating the interaction between cerebral oxyhemoglobin and arterial blood pressure with hypertension
Authors: Li Wenhao , Zhang Ming , Huo Congcong , Xu Gongcheng , Chen Wei , Wang Daifa , Li Zengyong 
Published: November 2020

PurposesThis study aimed to investigate the network coupling between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin concentration (Δ [O2Hb]/Δ [HHb]) oscillations based on dynamical Bayesian inference in hypertensive subjects.MethodsTwo groups of subjects, consisting of 30 healthy (Group Control, 55.1 ± 10.6 y), and 32 hypertensive individuals (Group AH, 58.9 ± 8.7 y), participated in this study. A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy system was used to measure the Δ [O2Hb] and Δ [HHb] signals in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC/RPFC), motor cortex (LMC/RMC), and occipital lobe (LOL/ROL) during the resting state (12 min). Based on continuous wavelet analysis and coupling functions, the directed coupling strength (CS) between ABP and cerebral hemoglobin was identified and analyzed in three frequency intervals (I: 0.6–2 Hz, II: 0.145–0.6 Hz, III: 0.01–0.08 Hz). The Pearson correlations between the CS and blood pressure parameters were calculated in the hypertension group.ResultsIn interval I, Group AH exhibited a significantly higher CS for the coupling from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] than Group Control in LMC, RMC, LOL, and ROL. In interval III, the CS from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] in LPFC, RPFC, LMC, RMC, LOL, and ROL was significantly higher in Group AH than in Group Control. For the patients with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure was negatively and pulse pressure was positively related to the CS from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] oscillations in interval III.ConclusionsThe higher CS from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] in interval I indicated that the components of cardiac activity in cerebral hemoglobin oscillations were more directly responsive to the changes in systematic ABP in patients with hypertension than in healthy subjects. Meanwhile, the higher CS from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] in interval III indicated that the cerebral hemoglobin oscillations were susceptible to changes in blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. The results may serve as evidence of impairment in cerebral autoregulation after hypertension. The Pearson correlation results showed that diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure might be regarded as predictors of cerebral autoregulation function in patients with hypertension, and may be useful for hypertension stratification. This study provides novel insights into the interaction mechanism between ABP and cerebral hemodynamics and could help in the development of new assessment techniques for cerebral vascular disease.
Free‐breathing diffusion tensor MRI of the whole left ventricle using second‐order motion compensation and multitasking respiratory motion correction
Authors: Nguyen Christopher T. , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Coll‐Font Jaume , Ma Sen , Xie Yibin , Reese Timothy G. , Mekkaoui Choukri , Lewis Gregory D. , Bi Xiaoming , Sosnovik David E. , Li Debiao 
Published: November 2020

PurposeWe aimed to develop a novel free‐breathing cardiac diffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) approach, M2‐MT‐MOCO, capable of whole left ventricular coverage that leverages second‐order motion compensation (M2) diffusion encoding and multitasking (MT) framework to efficiently correct for respiratory motion (MOCO).MethodsImaging was performed in 16 healthy volunteers and 3 heart failure patients with symptomatic dyspnea. The healthy volunteers were scanned to compare the accuracy of interleaved multislice coverage of the entire left ventricle with a single‐slice acquisition and the accuracy of the free‐breathing conventional MOCO and MT‐MOCO approaches with reference breath‐hold DT‐MRI. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), helix angle transmurality (HAT), and intrascan repeatability were quantified and compared.ResultsIn all subjects, free‐breathing M2‐MT‐MOCO DT‐MRI yielded DWI of the entire left ventricle without bulk motion‐induced signal loss. No significant differences were seen in the global values of MD, FA, and HAT in the multislice and single‐slice acquisitions. Furthermore, global quantification of MD, FA, and HAT were also not significantly different between the MT‐MOCO and breath‐hold, whereas conventional MOCO yielded significant differences in MD, FA, and HAT with MT‐MOCO and FA with breath‐hold. In heart failure patients, M2‐MT‐MOCO DT‐MRI was feasible yielding higher MD, lower FA, and lower HAT compared with healthy volunteers. Substantial agreement was found between repeated scans across all subjects for MT‐MOCO.ConclusionM2‐MT‐MOCO enables free‐breathing DT‐MRI of the entire left ventricle in 10 min, while preserving quantification of myocardial microstructure compared to breath‐held and single‐slice acquisitions and is feasible in heart failure patients.
Movements and Macrohabitat Use of Alligator Gar in Relation to a Low Head Lock and Dam System
Authors: Lochmann Steve , Brinkman Eric L. , Hann Dylan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Loss of habitat, targeted removals, and overharvest has contributed to the decline of Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula. There is agreement among commercial fishers, some recreational anglers, conservationists, and natural resource managers that this species warrants conservation. Appropriate management actions require research to further understand the life history and ecology of Alligator Gar populations. We conducted a movement study of 16 Alligator Gar in the lower Ouachita River, Arkansas–Louisiana, for 1 year using acoustic telemetry. The Alligator Gar were stationary at least 28% of the year. We documented 1,552 movement events during the study. The mean (SD) movement rate during the movement events was 1.13 (0.18) km/h, but it varied among individuals. Only 2 of the 16 Alligator Gar were detected upstream of Felsenthal Dam. The tailwater habitat just below Felsenthal Dam was used heavily by the Alligator Gar. The linear home range was 11.9 (7.1) river kilometers. Due to the hydrology of the system, access to the floodplain is not a hindrance to the lateral movement of Alligator Gar in the Ouachita River. The Felsenthal Dam did seem to hinder longitudinal movement, even though high water allowed the fish to move over and around the dam during spring and early summer. Management plans to rebuild Alligator Gar populations in regulated river systems should consider the negative consequences of barriers to lateral or longitudinal movement.
Evaluation of Management Strategies for an Incidental Catch-and-Release Steelhead Fishery
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Dobos Marika E. , Bowersox Brett J. , Copeland Timothy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Managing fisheries for species of conservation concern, such as steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fisheries in Idaho where wild steelhead are incidentally caught and released, requires a tradeoff between providing opportunity for anglers to fish for hatchery-origin steelhead and managing conservation risk for wild steelhead. Understanding population-level effects of catch-and-release fishing is critical for effectively balancing this tradeoff. We used an integrated population model to evaluate population-level effects of incidental catch-and-release mortality on steelhead in Idaho and assessed the effectiveness of alternative management strategies for meeting fishery and population objectives. When simulated catch-and-release mortality or encounter rates were low, fishery, abundance, and conservation risk objectives were easily met by implementing fisheries annually, regardless of adult abundance. However, when simulated catch-and-release mortality rates were high, management strategies that required the population to surpass minimum thresholds for pre-season abundance were more likely to meet goals for minimizing conservation risk but limited fishing opportunity substantially. Results of this study provide managers with a framework that can be used to manage fisheries to meet fishery goals in the form of hatchery steelhead harvest while maintaining sustainable populations and minimizing risk to wild steelhead. The results also suggest that when implemented properly, it is possible to meet fisheries and conservation objectives simultaneously.
Movement and Space Use of Grass Carp in the Sandusky River, Ohio: Implications for Lake Erie Eradication Efforts
Authors: Harris Cleyo , Brenden Travis O. , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Faust Matthew D. , Herbst Seth J. , Buszkiewicz John T. , Nathan Lucas R. , Fischer Jason L. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella is an invasive species to the Laurentian Great Lakes that was first detected in the 1980s. The western basin of Lake Erie is the putative invasion front for the Great Lakes, with spawning known to occur in two of the basin’s tributaries (Sandusky and Maumee rivers). Targeted removal is being used to reduce Grass Carp abundance, with an ultimate aim of eradication in part to prevent spread and establishment in the other Great Lakes; response efforts are being concentrated in the Sandusky River due to its heavy use by Grass Carp and because it is the tributary where spawning occurs consistently. The goal of this research was to identify areas in the Sandusky River where Grass Carp aggregate and identify variables that influence movement to improve efficiency of response efforts. Movement and space use of 27 Grass Carp were monitored using acoustic telemetry. Detection data were used to estimate movement and daily detection rates and also used in a spatial capture–recapture model to estimate activity centers of tagged fish. Grass Carp movement was highest when daily discharge and water temperature exceeded 31 m3/s and 18°C, respectively, and next highest when discharge exceeded 31 m3/s and temperature was between 4.5°C and 18.0°C. Daily detection rates at receivers and concentrations of activity centers suggested that aggregations occurred between river kilometers (RKMs) 34 and 36 and at RKM 45. During spawning conditions, Grass Carp also aggregated near RKM 48.6, which is proximal to suspected spawning locations. We recommend concentrating response efforts in these general locations and using passive capture gear when Grass Carp are the most mobile. Response efforts could be further refined by using a variety of acoustic telemetry monitoring techniques, including fine-scale positioning, real-time receivers, and mobile tracking to provide precise location and timing for removal actions.
Simple (thienylmethylene)oxindole‐based polymer materials as donors for efficient non‐fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Hongneng , Sun Rui , Wang Wei , Wu Yao , Wang Tao , Min Jie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough the significant progress in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of non‐fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) has proved their commercial potential, the development of efficient photovoltaic materials from easily available raw materials and simple chemical synthesis is still lagging. In this work, three copolymers donors (PTEI‐H, PTEI‐F, and PTEI‐Cl) based on easily synthesized (Z)‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl‐methylene)‐indolin‐2‐one (TEI) as electron‐deficient unit were synthesized and characterized. As compared to the polymer PTEI‐H, the fluorinated and chlorinated polymers (PTEI‐F and PTEI‐Cl) show broader band gaps and deeper HOMO energy levels. However, after blending with small molecule acceptor Y6, the as‐cast PTEI‐H devices exhibit a PCE of 8.27%, outperforming those of the PTEI‐F devices (7.22%) and PTEI‐Cl devices (6.50%). The relatively high photovoltaic performance of the PTEI‐H devices are associated with their increased short‐circuit current density and fill factor values, resulting from the efficient exciton dissociation and charge generation, balanced charge transport properties, and reduced recombination loss. In consideration of the merits of the structural simplicity and synthetic accessibility of TEI unit, we believe it is a potential electron‐deficient moiety in developing high‐performance polymer donors for possible mass‐production of non‐fullerene PSCs.
Heat transfer analysis on MHD flow over a stretchable Riga wall considering Entropy generation rate: A numerical study
Authors: Shah Faisal , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Chu Yu‐Ming , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrent paper explores the MHD two‐dimensional stagnation point flow over a stretchable Riga wall in the presence of porous medium. Cattaneo‐Christove heat and mass flux model is used to examine the heat and mass transfer analysis. Particular interest is paid to the analysis of entropy generation due to heat and mass diffusion. Transformations are used to convert the given partial differential equation into ordinary differential system. The governing equations are solved numerically using the built‐in shooting method. The impacts of emanating parameters are examined through graphs. The impact of various important flow parameters are discussed graphically on the entropy generation, velocity, Bejan number, concentration, and temperature profile.
How can social–ecological system models simulate the emergence of social–ecological crises?
Authors: Brown Calum , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The idea that human impacts on natural systems might trigger large‐scale, social–ecological ‘crises’ or ‘breakdowns’ is attracting increasing scientific, societal and political attention, but the risks of such crises remain hard to assess or ameliorate.

Social–ecological systems have complex dynamics, with bifurcations, nonlinearities and tipping points all emerging from the interaction of multiple human and natural processes. Computational modelling is a key tool in understanding these processes and their effects on system resilience. However, models that operate over large geographical extents often rely on assumptions such as economic equilibrium and optimisation in social–economic systems, and mean‐field or trend‐based behaviour in ecological systems, which limit the simulation of crisis dynamics.

Alternative forms of modelling focus on simulating local‐scale processes that underpin the dynamics of social–ecological systems. Recent improvements in data resources and computational tools mean that such modelling is now technically feasible across large geographical extents.

We consider the contributions that the different types of model can make to simulating social–ecological crises. While no models are able to predict exact outcomes in complex social–ecological systems, we suggest that one new approach with substantial promise is hybrid modelling that uses existing model architectures to isolate and understand key processes, revealing risks and associated uncertainties of crises emerging. We outline convergent and efficient functional descriptions of social and ecological systems that can be used to develop such models, data resources that can support them, and possible ‘high‐level’ processes that they can represent.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article
The influence of fiber alignment, structure and concentration on mechanical behavior of carbon nanofiber/epoxy composites: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Chanda Amit , Sinha Sujeet K , Datla Naresh V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mechanical properties of epoxy‐based nanocomposites largely depend on fiber alignment, structure, concentration, and loading condition. To study the influence of these factors on the nonlinear stress‐strain behavior of epoxy nanocomposites, random and aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF)/epoxy composites were fabricated and tested under different strain rates. The elastic modulus and tensile strength were found to be increased as CNF concentrations increased for both random and transversely aligned nanocomposites. This behavior was accurately captured by a three‐dimensional representative volume element (RVE), where the fiber orientation and waviness were modeled from the experimental observation. This RVE predicted the increase in elastic modulus and tensile strength with increase in CNF concentration and strain rate as well as when the CNF alignment changes from transverse to longitudinal.
Study of non‐adiabatic interactions among low‐lying electronic states of HeH2+ with its implication in its dissociation into various species
Authors: Mondal Rintu , Mukhopadhyay Debasis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPossible interplay of various atomic and molecular systems like He+, He, H+, H, H2+, H2, HeH+, HeH2+ in the interstellar spaces in various phases of the creation and development of the universe as well as in the present interstellar spaces have been the subject of experimental and theoretical investigations for quite a long period. A chemical network involving these species has been considered. The molecular system HeH2+, being a weakly bound species, may readily give the dissociation products (H, HeH+), (He, H2+), (He+, H2) and (He, H, H+) through different dissociation channels, as has been argued from the contour diagram of the ground as well as non‐adiabatically interacting excited electronic state. A seam of Conical Intersections (CI) between two lowest excited states of linear HeH2+, as a result of non‐adiabatic interactions, has been demonstrated for the first time, through calculation and plot of non‐adiabatic coupling term (NACT) between these two states. Calculations of NACT's, followed by construction of the adiabatic‐to‐diabatic transformation (ADT) angles, ADT matrix and calculation of topological (Berry) phases have been presented to confirm the presence of Jahn‐Teller(JT) CI in two representative configuration spaces(CS) in this seam: (i) one away from the equilibrium geometry hosting JT‐CI between two excited states 22A′ and 32A′ and (ii) another CS near the equilibrium geometry hosting JT‐CI between excited states 22A′ and 32A′ as well as a closely spaced JT‐CI between excited states 32A′ and 42A′. Suitable diabatizations have been performed for a range of CS covering these two CI, which help in understanding several dissociation channels of HeH2+ involving the above mentioned excited states, leading to an increase in the yield of dissociation products (He, H, H+). Distribution of Mulliken partial charges, as obtained from Mulliken population analysis have been analyzed for justifying the existence of HeH2+, the possibility of different dissociation products of HeH2+ in different dissociation channels as well as the justification of the CI‐induced charge transfer in excited states.
Theoretical investigation on the mechanism and enantioselectivity of organocatalytic asymmetric Povarov reactions of anilines and aldehydes
Authors: Lu Nan , Liang Hui , Qian Ping , Lan Xiaozheng , Miao Chengxia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mechanism is investigated for organocatalytic asymmetric Povarov reaction of anilines and aldehydes using M06‐2X functional. Two molecule of aldehyde condense with aniline and catalyst giving N‐arylimine and enamine. The reaction is stepwise involving [2 + 2] cycloaddition and ring‐opening/cyclization. Four competitive paths exist in step 1 leading to isomers of quaternary nitrogen heterocycle as cycloadduct. Step 2 is sequential with proton transfer and concerted ring‐opening/cyclization in two feasible orders. Each path in step 1 divides into two in step 2 producing isomers of tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) bonded with catalyst as cyclization product. The reactive nucleophilic adduct with two charge centers in step 1 supports the recovery of catalyst and generation of aldehyde assisted by water. THQ alcohol is obtained in the following intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction. The enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity are both thermodynamic control with preferred path yielding the most stable isomer with 2S3S or 1R2S3S configuration. The path bias is in line with the reduction degree of energy barrier in solvent compared with gas phase. Our conclusion is verified by Multiwfn analysis and the predicted ee, dr value of THQ scaffold in experiment.
Beaver dam analogue configurations influence stream and riparian water table dynamics of a degraded spring‐fed creek in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Munir Tariq M. , Westbrook Cherie J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeaver dam analogues (BDAs) are intended to simulate natural beaver dam ecohydrological functions including modifying stream hydrology and enhancing stream‐riparian hydrological connectivity. River restoration practitioners are proactively deploying BDAs in thousands of degraded streams. How various BDAs or their configurations impact stream hydrology and the riparian water table remains poorly understood. We investigated three types of BDA configurations (single, double and triple) in a spring‐fed Canadian Rocky Mountain stream over three study seasons (April–October; 2017–2019). All three BDA configurations significantly elevated the upstream stage. The deepest pools occurred upstream of the triple‐configuration BDAs (0.46 m) and the shallowest pools occurred upstream of the single‐configuration (0.36 m). Further, the single‐BDA configuration lowered stream stage and flow peaks below it but raised low flows. The double‐BDA configuration modulated flow peaks but had little influence on low flows. Unexpectedly, higher flow peaks and low flows were recorded below the triple‐BDA configuration, owing to groundwater seep. Similar to the natural beaver dam function, we observed an immediate water table rise in the riparian area after installation of the BDAs. The water table rise was greatest 2 m from the stream (0.14 m) and diminished with increasing lateral distance from the stream. Also noted was a reversal in the direction of flow between the stream and riparian area after BDA installation. Future research should further explore the dynamics of stream‐riparian hydrological connections under various BDA configurations and spacings, with the goal of identifying best practices for simulating the ecohydrological functions of natural beaver dams.
Thick PCL Fibers Improving Host Remodeling of PGS‐PCL Composite Grafts Implanted in Rat Common Carotid Arteries
Authors: Fu Jiayin , Wang Michael , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Wang Yadong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVasculopathy and the consequential ischemia are major medical challenges. Grafting is an effective treatment to vascular occlusion. However, autologous grafting, despite scarcity, is the only choice for small diameter blood vessels. Synthetic grafts can fill the gap if they can work satisfactorily in arterial circulation. Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) sheathed porous poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) vascular grafts have good performances in arterial circulation in abdominal aortas and carotid arteries in rats. However, a major issue associated with the graft remodeling in vivo is limited neo‐tissue formation inside PCL sheaths. Small pores of PCL sheaths inhibit cell infiltration and migration. To increase porosity of PCL sheaths of PGS‐PCL composite grafts, diameters of electrospun PCL fibers are increased. The thick PCL fibers encourage cell migration and elicit a higher degree of CD206+ cells. In addition, some of the CD206+ cells co‐express vascular cell markers in the thick‐fiber grafts. The thick‐fiber grafts also show improved mechanical properties and a higher elastin and collagen content. The data demonstrate the feasibility of improving graft vascular remodeling by increasing PCL fiber diameters and the critical role of CD206+ cells during graft vascular remodeling.