bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and efficient memory management in Apache AsterixDB
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Behm Alexander , Blow Michael , Borkar Vinayak , Bu Yingyi , Carey Michael J. , Hubail Murtadha , Jahangiri Shiva , Jia Jianfeng , Li Chen , Luo Chen , Maxon Ian , Pirzadeh Pouria 
Published: February 2020

SummaryTraditional relational database systems handle data by dividing their memory into sections such as a buffer cache and working memory, assigning a memory budget to each section to efficiently manage a limited amount of overall memory. They also assign memory budgets to memory‐intensive operators such as sorts and joins and control the allocation of memory to these operators; each memory‐intensive operator attempts to maximize its memory usage to reduce disk I/O cost. Implementing such memory‐intensive operators requires a careful design and application of appropriate algorithms that properly utilize memory. Today's Big Data management systems need the ability to handle large amounts of data similarly, as it is unrealistic to assume that truly big data will fit into memory. In this article, we share our memory management experiences in Apache AsterixDB, an open‐source Big Data management software platform that scales out horizontally on shared‐nothing commodity computing clusters. We describe the implementation of AsterixDB's memory‐intensive operators and their designs related to memory management. We also discuss memory management at the global (cluster) level. We conducted an experimental study using several synthetic and real datasets to explore the impact of this work. We believe that future Big Data management system builders can benefit from these experiences.
Phylogenetics of Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae): Evidence of pronounced morphological homoplasy and predominantly centric endemism
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Æ. , Petersen Gitte , Gravendeel Barbara , Barkman Todd J. , de Boer Hugo , Sulistyo Bobby P. , Seberg Ole 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Dendrochilum s.l. (including Bracisepalum) is based on nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and two plastid regions (matK, ycf1). The trees based on parsimony analysis of the nrITS and plastid partitions, respectively, are largely congruent, the only strongly supported conflict being the exact position of D. arachnites. Maximum likelihood analysis of the combined molecular matrix resulted in a tree with very high topological congruence to the parsimony consensus tree and to a fossil‐calibrated Bayesian inference tree that was used for dating. Our results confirm that monophyly of Dendrochilum is only supported if Bracisepalum is included in the former. They also suggest that only two subgenera (Dendrochilum, Platyclinis) should be recognized, whereas all other subgenera and sections previously proposed on a morphological basis should be treated as synonyms of subg. Platyclinis. Indeed, mapping of five vegetative and nine floral characters of alleged systematic value, using DELTRAN and ACCTRAN optimization, demonstrates pronounced morphological homoplasy. Molecular time calibration dates the origin of the genus to the Miocene and contradicts the hypothesis that most extant Dendrochilum species did not evolve until the Holocene. Inferred phylogenetic relationships between extant species, in combination with previously identified hotspots of narrow endemism, suggest that species endemism in Dendrochilum is predominantly centric.
Presumptive drug testing—The importance of considering prior probabilities
Authors: Maskell Peter D. , Jackson Graham 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresumptive drug testing is commonly used in both the clinical and forensic fields to allow rapid identification of the presence and/or usage of drugs. Because the tests generally have a high sensitivity and specificity (often >90%), then a positive test result may be taken to mean there is a high probability that a targeted drug is present. This assumption is, however, incorrect. This paper demonstrates how, in order to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of a test, it is necessary to take into account, along with the sensitivity and specificity of the test, the prevalence of the drug in the population being investigated. We demonstrate how an alternative, Bayesian approach to assessing the posterior probability of a drug being present mimics the conventional calculation of PPVs but, because a Bayesian approach requires case‐specific prior probabilities, the posterior probabilities are more meaningful than PPV in any one specific case. The effectiveness of presumptive test results in cases such as drink‐spiking, drug‐driving, testing of drugs during seizures and the confirmation of initial presumptive test results is explored. In order to exploit the potential of presumptive drug testing, it is important that the prevalence of the targeted drugs in relevant populations is understood but, more importantly, it is important to consider using a Bayesian approach in order to tailor results to the specific individual or drug batch being tested.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Expanding 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories around the round sphere
Authors: Gang Dongmin , Yamazaki Masahito 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study a perturbative expansion of the squashed 3-sphere $$ \left({s}_b^3\right) $$

s
b
3

partition function of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories around the squashing parameter b = 1. Our proposal gives the coefficients of the perturbative expansion as a finite sum over the saddle points of the supersymmetric-localization integral in the limit b → 0 (the so-called Bethe vacua), and the contribution from each Bethe vacua can be systematically computed using saddle-point methods. Our expansion provides an efficient and practical method for computing basic CFT data (F, CT, CJJ and higher-point correlation functions of the stress-energy tensor) of the IR superconformal field theory without performing the localization integrals.
Bettenkapazitätsanalyse für eine internistische Intensivstation
Authors: Radtke J. S. , Götz J. , Gielen S. , Fischer F. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Anstieg der älteren Bevölkerungsgruppe und der damit einhergehende Zuwachs des intensivmedizinischen Bedarfs betont die Notwendigkeit einer effizienten Bettenkapazitätsanalyse. Insbesondere Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen stellen ein häufig auftretendes Erkrankungsbild bei über 65-Jährigen dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war somit die Analyse des retrospektiven und zukünftigen Intensivbedarfs von älteren Patienten über 65 Jahre mit 6 ausgewählten (kardiovaskulären) Codes der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-10) am Beispiel einer Einrichtung der Maximalversorgung in einer ländlichen Region.

Methodik
Für die retrospektive Analyse wurden Daten für den Zeitraum 2015–2017 deskriptiv und bivariat ausgewertet. Die Analyse des Intensivbettenbedarfs erfolgte anhand der Warteschlangentheorie.

Ergebnisse
In dem betrachteten Zeitraum lagen die monatlichen Auslastungsraten kontinuierlich über der idealen Auslastungsrate von 80 % und zum Teil sogar über 100 %. Insbesondere die Nachfrage von Patienten mit I50.14 war im gesamten Krankenhaus sehr hoch. Die Bettenbedarfsanalyse zeigt einen Anstieg von 9 benötigten Betten im Jahr 2017 auf 11 Betten bis zum Jahr 2030 für die 6 Diagnosegruppen. Ohne Einschluss der Diagnosegruppe I50.14 wird sowohl retrospektiv als auch zukünftig etwa die Hälfte der Betten, die bei Einschluss aller 6 Diagnosen benötigt wurden, nachgefragt.

Diskussion
Der Effekt des demographischen Wandels auf den Intensivbettenbedarf ist bereits heute sichtbar. Zudem zeigen die Analysen, dass ein weiterer Anstieg des Bedarfs in Zukunft zu erwarten ist. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Notwendigkeit einer an den Bedarf angepassten Intensivkapazitätsplanung. Vor Erweiterung der Bettenkapazitäten wäre jedoch die Analyse von Kriterien, die eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung bedingen, notwendig, um primär Kapazitäten für Patienten mit einem realen Intensivbedarf vorzuhalten.
Magnetosomes for bioassays by merging fluorescent liposomes and magnetic nanoparticles: encapsulation and bilayer insertion strategies
Authors: Hermann Cornelia A. , Hofmann Carola , Duerkop Axel , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMagnetized liposome (magnetosomes) labels can overcome diffusion limitations in bioassays through fast and easy magnetic attraction. Our aim therefore was to advance the understanding of factors influencing their synthesis focusing on encapsulation strategies and synthesis parameters. Magnetosome synthesis is governed by the surface chemistry and the size of the magnetic nanoparticles used. We therefore studied the two possible magnetic labelling strategies, which are the incorporation of small, hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into the bilayer core (b-liposomes) and the entrapment of larger hydrophilic MNPs into the liposomes’ inner cavity (i-liposomes). Furthermore, they were optimized and compared for application in a DNA bioassay. The major obstacles observed for each of these strategies were on the one hand the need for highly concentrated hydrophilic MNPs, which is limited by their colloidal stability and costs, and on the other hand the balancing of magnetic strength vs. size for the hydrophobic MNPs. In the end, both strategies yielded magnetosomes with good performance, which improved the limit of detection of a non-magnetic DNA hybridization assay by a factor of 3–8-fold. Here, i-liposomes with a magnetization yield of 5% could be further improved through a simple magnetic pre-concentration step and provided in the end an 8-fold improvement of the limit of detection compared with non-magnetic conditions. In the case of b-liposomes, Janus-like particles were generated during the synthesis and yielded a fraction of 15% magnetosomes directly. Surprisingly, further magnetic pre-concentration did not improve their bioassay performance. It is thus assumed that magnetosomes pull normal liposomes through the magnetic field towards the surface and the presence of more magnetosomes is not needed. The overall stability of magnetosomes during storage and magnetic action, their superior bioassay performance, and their adaptability towards size and surface chemistry of MNPs makes them highly valuable signal enhancers in bioanalysis and potential tools for bioseparations.
Superomedial partial arytenoidectomy for voice improvement by correction of posterior glottic insufficiency
Authors: Mahieu Rutger , Heuveling Derrek , Mahieu Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeArytenoid resection is a well-known intervention to improve glottic airway. Superomedial partial arytenoidectomy (SPA) can also be used for voice improvement by correcting posterior glottic insufficiency in patients with an obstructing anteromedially prolapsed arytenoid. Posterior glottic insufficiency can be difficult to address and traditionally involves challenging arytenoid repositioning procedures. This study aimed to compare postoperative functional voice outcomes in patients who underwent SPA to pre-operative voice status. Second, consequences of concomitant injection augmentation in patients who underwent SPA were studied. Additionally, presenting the surgical technique.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, pre-operative and postoperative clinical data of patients who underwent SPA between 2004 and 2018 were analyzed. Both short- and long-term voice outcomes were assessed using Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and maximum phonation time (MPT). Pre- to postoperative assessment changes (delta:δ) were applied to multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 105 patients were included, of which 91 had hemilaryngeal immobility, 25 had undergone previous phonosurgical procedures and 45 received concomitant injection augmentation. Patients who underwent SPA had significant improvement of VHI and MPT. In 81% of our population, laryngeal framework surgery was avoided. Multivariate analyses showed significantly improved short-term voice outcomes in patients who received injection augmentation concomitantly to SPA. Finally,δMPT was a significant predicting factor regarding additional procedures in patients who underwent SPA.ConclusionSPA is a safe and efficient procedure for voice improvement in patients with posterior glottic insufficiency due to an obstructing anteromedially prolapsed arytenoid. We recommend performing this procedure combined with injection augmentation.
Cutoff for product replacement on finite groups
Authors: Peres Yuval , Tanaka Ryokichi , Zhai Alex 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyze a Markov chain, known as theproduct replacement chain, on the set of generatingn-tuples of a fixed finite groupG. We show that as$$n \rightarrow \infty $$n→∞, the total-variation mixing time of the chain has a cutoff at time$$\frac{3}{2} n \log n$$32nlognwith window of ordern. This generalizes a result of Ben-Hamou and Peres (who established the result for$$G = {{\mathbb {Z}}}/2$$G=Z/2) and confirms a conjecture of Diaconis and Saloff-Coste that for an arbitrary but fixed finite group, the mixing time of the product replacement chain is$$O(n \log n)$$O(nlogn).
Study on The Influence of the Blade on Powder Layers Built in Powder Bed Fusion Processes for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Mitterlehner Marco , Danninger Herbert , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Frank Johannes , Tomischko Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor Additive Manufacturing (AM) performed by the laser powder bed fusion process, important aspects are not only powder characteristics such as flowability but also the morphology of the top layer itself. In the present study, the quality of the first applied top layer was studied using a self-made tester for the layer building process and a digital microscope with a large depth-of-field to observe the surface of the top layer. The three-dimensional images obtained have then been analyzed by a program, written by the corresponding author, that calculates specific parameters as well as the size of the particles in the top layer to rate the quality of the surface. Using this technique, the influence of using different blades and varying the blade speed during the layer building process on the quality of the surface has been investigated.
Thermal conductivity of supraglacial volcanic deposits in Iceland
Authors: Möller Rebecca , Römer Wolfgang , Möller Marco , Wollenberg Uwe , Lehmkuhl Frank , Schneider Christoph , Kukla Peter A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupraglacial deposits of tephra or volcaniclastics have the potential to cause significant anomalies of glacier ablation and runoff. The intensity of these anomalies is governed by the thermal resistivity of the covering layer and hence the thermal conductivity of the deposited grains. This study concentrates on causal and quantitative relationships between density, geochemical composition and thermal conductivity of volcanic materials based on the analysis of 43 samples from locations across Iceland. Thermal conductivity is primarily influenced by density, whereas geochemical composition has been proved to be of subsidiary importance. Four different multiple regression models were calibrated that calculate the grain thermal conductivity of a volcanic material based on rock properties and geochemical composition. In a subsequent step, the bulk thermal conductivity of the respective deposit is calculated as a function of porosity and degree of water saturation. Examples using volcanic material from the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011 eruptions confirm that the presented calculation scheme can be executed using only limited geochemical data as input. This facilitates an easy application of the modeling scheme immediately after a volcanic eruption.
Sonographische Graduierung von Karotisstenosen
Authors: Schäberle W. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Validität der Ultraschalldiagnostik bei Karotisstenosen und in den Stenosekriterien gibt es erhebliche Diskrepanzen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Aufarbeitung der differierenden Kriterien anhand der Studienlage.

Methodik
Berücksichtigt werden die in PubMed zum Thema „sonographische Graduierung von Stenosen der A. carotis interna (ICA)“ publizierten Artikel von 1990 bis 2019. Suchworte: „carotid stenosis“, „stenosis grading“, „duplex ultrasound“, „angiography“, „plaque formation“, „eccentric plaque“.

Ergebnisse
Bei der Graduierung von hochgradigen ICA-Stenosen zeigen ROC-Kurven in Vergleichsstudien zwischen Angiographie und Duplexsonographie (FKDS) mit Messung der intrastenotischen, systolischen Spitzengeschwindigkeit (PSV) zwar in der Diagnostik höhergradige Stenosen mit Sensitivitäten und Spezifitäten um 90 % und eine gute Korrelation, jedoch eine bedeutende Streubreite einzelner PSV-Messwerte.
Eine gravierende bisher in Studien wenig berücksichtigte Diskrepanz zwischen hämodynamischen (PSV) und morphologischen Messparametern (angiographische Diameterreduktion) verursacht die exzentrische Plaqueformation: Exzentrische Plaque erzeugen eine deutlich geringere Flächenreduktion und somit geringere hämodynamische Relevanz als konzentrische und somit auch eine deutlich geringere PSV (bei 50 % Stenose bis 30 % Diskrepanz). Bei gleicher Diameterreduktion ist das Embolierisiko bei exzentrischen Plaques durch ihre größere Plaquedicke jedoch erhöht.

Schlussfolgerungen
Diskrepanzen in der Stenosegraduierung zwischen Angiographie und FKDS werden durch die Plaqueformation bzw. Plaquekonfiguration mitverursacht.
Bei höhergradigen, exzentrischen Stenosen mit hoher Plaquedicke muss das Dilemma der unterschätzten Emboliegefahr bei durch hämodynamische Parameter graduierten Stenosen in der Therapieplanung mitbedacht werden.
A clinical pharmacology study of the novel, selective urate reabsorption inhibitor dotinurad in outpatients
Authors: Hosoya Tatsuo , Furuno Kazuki , Kanda Shingo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Dotinurad is a novel, selective urate reabsorption inhibitor (SURI), which reduces serum uric acid levels by selective inhibition of the urate transporter 1 (URAT1). The Japanese guideline for the management of hyperuricemia and gout recommends that drug selection should be based on classification of hyperuricemia as a fundamental principle. However, there may be some cases where this principle is not observed. We investigated the pharmacodynamics and safety of dotinurad in outpatients with uric acid overproduction or uric acid underexcretion type.

Methods
This was a multicenter, open-label, forced titration study. Patients were classified as uric acid overproduction or underexcretion type. Study treatment was initiated at 0.5 mg/day, followed by dose titration to the estimated maximum dose of 4 mg/day over 14 weeks. The primary endpoint was urinary uric acid excretion at each 24-h urine collection.

Results
A total of 26 hyperuricemic patients with or without gout were enrolled in the study and assigned to the uric acid overproduction group (overproduction group) or the uric acid underexcretion group (underexcretion group). Although urinary uric acid excretion, the primary endpoint, tended to be slightly greater in the overproduction group, no notable difference was noted between the two hyperuricemic types. Neither type had noteworthy safety concerns associated with dotinurad.

Conclusion
The results of the study demonstrated no relevant differences between the hyperuricemic types in terms of pharmacodynamic action and safety of dotinurad.
Two approximation algorithms for probabilistic coalition structure generation with quality bound
Authors: Matsumura Kouki , Kodric Bojana , Okimoto Tenda , Hirayama Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow to form effective coalitions is an important issue in multi-agent systems. Coalition Structure Generation ($${{\mathsf {CSG}}}$$CSG) is a fundamental problem whose formalization can encompass various applications related to multi-agent cooperation.$${{\mathsf {CSG}}}$$CSGinvolves partitioning a set of agents into coalitions such that the social surplus (i.e., the sum of the values of all coalitions) is maximized. In traditional$${\mathsf {CSG}}$$CSG, we are guaranteed that all coalitions will be successfully established, that is, the attendance rate of each agent for joining any coalition is assumed to be 1.0. Having the real world in mind, however, it is natural to consider the uncertainty of agents’ availabilities, e.g., an agent might be available only two or three days a week because of his/her own schedule. Probabilistic Coalition Structure Generation ($${{\mathsf {PCSG}}}$$PCSG) is an extension of$${\mathsf {CSG}}$$CSGwhere the attendance type of each agent is considered. The aim of this problem is to find the optimal coalition structure which maximizes the sum of the expected values of all coalitions. In$${\mathsf {PCSG}}$$PCSG, since finding the optimal coalition structure easily becomes intractable, it is important to consider approximation algorithms, i.e., to consider a trade-off between the quality of the returned solution and tractability. In this paper, a formal framework for$${\mathsf {PCSG}}$$PCSGis introduced. Approximation algorithms for$${\mathsf {PCSG}}$$PCSGcalled Bounded Approximation Algorithm based on Attendance Types ($${{\mathsf {BAAAT}}}$$BAAAT) and Involved$${\mathsf {BAAAT}}$$BAAAT($${{\mathsf {IBAAAT}}}$$IBAAAT) are then presented. We prove a priori bounds on the quality of the solution returned by$${\mathsf {BAAAT}}$$BAAATand$${\mathsf {IBAAAT}}$$IBAAATwith respect to the optimum and perform experimental evaluations on a number of benchmarks.
Using high-frequency phosphorus monitoring for water quality management: a case study of the upper River Itchen, UK
Authors: Fones Gary R. , Bakir Adil , Gray Janina , Mattingley Lauren , Measham Nick , Knight Paul , Bowes Michael J. , Greenwood Richard , Mills Graham A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreased concentrations of phosphorus (P) in riverine systems lead to eutrophication and can contribute to other environmental effects. Chalk rivers are known to be particularly sensitive to elevated P levels. We used high-frequency (daily) automatic water sampling at five distinct locations in the upper River Itchen (Hampshire, UK) between May 2016 and June 2017 to identify the main P species (including filterable reactive phosphorus, total filterable phosphorus, total phosphorus and total particulate phosphorus) present and how these varied temporally. Our filterable reactive phosphorus (considered the biologically available fraction) data were compared with the available Environment Agency total reactive phosphorus (TRP) values over the same sampling period. Over the trial, the profiles of the P fractions were complex; the major fraction was total particulate phosphorus with the mean percentage value ranging between 69 and 82% of the total P present. Sources were likely to be attributable to wash off from agricultural activities. At all sites, the FRP and Environment Agency TRP mean concentrations over the study were comparable. However, there were a number of extended time periods (1 to 2 weeks) where the mean FRP concentration (e.g. 0.62 mg L−1) exceeded the existing regulatory values (giving a poor ecological status) for this type of river. Often, these exceedances were missed by the limited regulatory monitoring procedures undertaken by the Environment Agency. There is evidence that these spikes of elevated concentrations of P may have a biological impact on benthic invertebrate (e.g. blue-winged olive mayfly) communities that exist in these ecologically sensitive chalk streams. Further research is required to assess the ecological impact of P and how this might have implications for the development of future environmental regulations.