bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation of Proceed PlusTMMD and Verification of CelestTop312.5FS Fungicides for the Control of Loose Smut of Wheat in Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebele Getnet Muche , Zerihun Alemu Ayele 
Published: December 2024

Wheat is considered one of the utmost grown agricultural grain crops in the world to meet the food requirements of the domain’s population. In Ethiopia, wheat is one of key cereal crops whose area of cultivation and volume of produced boosted year after year. However, the production and productivity of wheat is truncated by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, wheat loose smut disease caused by Ustilago tritici is one of quality and quantity incurring diseases but getting lower research attention. A field experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate and verify the efficacy of fungicides against wheat loose smut diseases and put updated recommendation for users. It was executed at three loose smut hot spot locations, Meraro on-station, Kulumsa main center and Wonjigora on farm in 2023 main cropping season. Two different fungicides including the test fungicide (CelestTop312.5FS) and standard check (Proceed PlusTMMD), as well as untreated plot were used as a treatment. The trial was laid out in non-replicated plots at three sites where locations were considered as replica. The result of the research finding revealed that fungicide treated treatments significantly reduced loose smut diseases severity to the lowest level possible over the nil application. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 5%) between the test and check fungicides in reducing loose smut diseases severity. Test fungicide revealed comparable level of efficacy on loose smut diseases severity reduction compared to the standard check. There was highly significant difference (p ≤ 5%) hectoliter weight between fungicide treatments and nil application of fungicide but insignificant variation in grain yield and thousand seed weight. Both fungicide treatments also revealed significant diseases management advantage than untreated plots. Thus, the newly verified fungicide CelestTop312.5 FS at a rate of 200ml fungicide with 1 to 2 liters of water as wetting agent for 100 Kg of wheat seed is found to be very effective in controlling loose smut diseases and is recommended for registration. Similarly, proceed PlusTM MD at a rate of 0.004 liter fungicide per kilogram of seed is suggested for further use for producers to control wheat loose smut diseases as sole or integrated disease management options.
Application of the CMIP6 Approach for Determination of Climate Change Impact on Inflow to Malampuzha Reservoir, India
Authors: Yesubabu Vinnakota , Varughese Anu , P Aravind 
Published: December 2024

Optimal operation of a reservoir is important for the efficient planning and management of water resources. Inflow estimation into the reservoir is the basic information needed by a policy maker for the optimal planning of the reservoir operation. Climate change has become a major cause for the changes in the hydrological phenomena. An attempt was made to analyse the impact of climate change on Malampuzha reservoir inflow for the future using recent Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. Two SSP scenarios, SSP 245 and SSP 585 were considered for the evaluation of changes in the meteorological variables for the future period. Rainfall-runoff modelling of the catchment area of the Malampuzha reservoir was done with IHACRES model for the period 2003-2022. The model performance was accepted in calibration (2003-2016) and validation (2017-2022) periods with R2 of 0.90 and 0.91 and RMSE 2.63 and 4.53 m3/s respectively. The outputs of SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios were given to the developed runoff model to estimate the future inflow volume into Malampuzha reservoir for the period of 2023 to 2042. From the results, the change in monthly temperature varies from -0.88oC to 3.3oC and change in monthly precipitation varies from -0.64% to 1.73% which indicates a decrease in the inflow of water into the reservoir for future period by 2.6% and 9.3% than the base period (2003– 2022) for SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The results of the study implies that better planning of the reservoir operation is needed for meeting the future demands.
Determination of Kaolin Optimum Dose to Inhibit Iron Toxic Effect on Rice Plant in Lowland Rice Cultivation
Authors: Sylvain Sehi Zokagon , Elie Kouakou Konan , Firmin Konan , Brahima Koné , Albert Yao-Kouamé 
Published: December 2024

In tropical areas, lowland rice cultivation with or without water control is often faced with iron toxicity constraint. This problem causes a drop of the rice grain yield when the iron concentration in soil solution is more than 300 ppm. To resolve iron toxicity problem, drainage and fertilizers as industrial silicon applying have been recommended. However, the used of industrial silicon is not adopted by the farmers because of his high cost and his accessibility. Kaolin contains 54.7% of SiO2 the aim of this research is to explore the potential of kaolin as a natural substitute of industrial silicon. A pot test was carried in 900 ppm iron toxicity condition. of Fe2+ the condition out for two successive rice cultivation cycles by applying 900ppm of Fe2+. Five kaolin treatments were analyzed (T0 = 0, T1 = 366, T2 = 735, T3 = 1097 and T4 = 1465 kg kaolin ha-1) in a complete randomized block design with 5 repetitions. The dose of 366 kg ha-1 reduced the symptoms of iron toxicity on rice plant. kaolin applying improved the grain yield of rice (0 tha-1 to 1.8 tha-1). The dose of 1465 kg kaolin ha-1 gave the best grain yield (1.08 t ha-1). The response of rice to kaolin doses was an equation RDG = 0.98 ×Dose more linear than quadratic and the dose of 1465 kg kaolin ha-1 was recommended as the optimal dose in the conditions of 900 ppm Fe2+.
Die Weiterverarbeitung von Gesundheitsdaten nach dem GDNG — Eine neue Rechtsgrundlage zur Beseitigung bisheriger Rechtsunsicherheit?
Authors: Kuss Christian , Langenheim Niccolo 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz (nachfolgend: GDNG) und im Speziellen die Weiterverarbeitung von Gesundheitsdaten nach § 6 GDNG. Große praktische Relevanz erhält die Rechtsgrundlage für die Verarbeitung von Gesundheitsdaten, da diese eine einheitliche, deutschlandweite Regelung ohne Einwilligungserfordernis schafft. Das GDNG knüpft die Weiterverarbeitung an bestimmte Voraussetzungen, um die Interessen der betroffenen Personen zu wahren.
Minimierung des Strafbarkeitsrisikos für IT-Sicherheitsforschung — Lehren aus dem Referentenentwurf des BMJ zu einer Modernisierung des Computerstrafrechts
Authors: Marnau Ninja 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Noch vor dem Bruch der Ampelkoalition hat das Bundesministerium der Justiz unter Marco Buschmann am 22.10.2024 den Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Änderung des Strafgesetzbuches - Modernisierung des Computerstrafrechts zur Ressortabstimmung vorgelegt. Ziel des Entwurfs ist es, die Rechtsunsicherheit für die IT-Sicherheitsforschung zu beseitigen. Zwar ist nach dem Bruch der Ampelkoalition eine Verabschiedung vor den Bundestagsneuwahlen Ende Februar 2025 äußerst unwahrscheinlich, gleichwohl nimmt der Beitrag diesen Entwurf zum Anlass, um die Auswirkungen auf das Strafbarkeitsrisiko für die IT-Sicherheitsforschung näher zu betrachten und daraus Erkenntnisse für eine künftige gesetzgeberische Neugestaltung zu gewinnen.
Wohnungseigentum: Aktuelle Entwicklungen zu Altvereinbarungen, Nutzungsrechten, Erhaltung und baulichen Veränderungen sowie Jahresabrechnung
Authors: Riecke Olaf 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der folgende Beitrag schließt an die Rechtsprechungsübersichten Riecke, MDR 2024, 82 ff. und Riecke, MDR 2024, 129 ff. an und stellt die Rechtsprechung (ergänzt um wenige Literaturhinweise) nicht nur des V. Zivilsenats des BGH, sondern auch der Instanzgerichte, aus den letzten gut 12 Monaten zu den Regelungen des seit 1.12.2020 (bzw. 17.10.2024) geltenden WEG (neugefasst am 12.1.2021; BGBl.I 2021, S. 34 ff.) dar. Den thematischen Schwerpunkt dieser Übersicht bilden Altvereinbarungen, Nutzungsrechte, Erhaltung und bauliche Veränderungen. Eine Übersicht zu den Schwerpunkten „Eigentümerversammlung“, „Verwalter“ und „Verfahren“ folgt in der nächsten Ausgabe.
Treatment of Multiorgan Sarcoidosis With Tofacitinib
Authors: Damsky William , Young Bryan D. , Sloan Brett , Miller Edward J. , Obando J. Antonio , King Brett 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that is difficult to treat. There is accumulating evidence that constitutive activation of Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) signaling occurs in sarcoidosis and represents a target for treatment. Here we report the efficacy of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, in a single patient with multiorgan sarcoidosis.MethodsA patient with long‐standing multiorgan sarcoidosis who was unresponsive to other commonly used therapies, including methotrexate, prednisone, and tumor necrosis factor α blockade, was treated with tofacitinib.ResultsTofacitinib treatment resulted in clinical remission of cutaneous sarcoidosis lesions and resolution of positron emission tomography avid lesions in internal organs after 6 months. An evaluation of lesional tissue and blood before and during treatment showed resolution of granulomatous inflammation and normalization of disease biomarkers.ConclusionThis case illustrates the promise of JAK inhibition as a strategy to treat recalcitrant sarcoidosis and suggests that further study of JAK inhibitors in sarcoidosis is needed.
Sequential Enzyme Activation of a “Pro‐Staramine”‐Based Nanomedicine to Target Tumor Mitochondria
Authors: Du Yunai , Li Yanan , Li Xuezhao , Jia Changrong , Wang Lei , Wang Yanqi , Ding Yuan , Wang Sheng , Sun Huimin , Sun Wen , Tu Jiasheng , Sun Chunmeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBlocking cancer metabolism represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the lack of selective mitochondria targeting compromises the efficacy and safety of antimetabolic agents. Given that β‐glucuronidase (β‐G) is overexpressed in the tumor extracellular microenvironment and intracellular endosomes and lysosomes, a new concept of “pro‐staramine” is proposed to achieve multistage tumor mitochondrial targeting. The pro‐staramine, namely GluAcNA, is engineered by conjugating a β‐glucuronic acid to staramine via a “seamless” linker. When exposed to β‐G, the β‐glucuronic acid in GluAcNA can be hydrolyzed, followed by a rapid 1,6‐self‐elimination of the “seamless”, thus transforming anionic GluAcNA to cationic staramine. Liposomes containing GluAcNA (GluAcNA‐Lip) show long‐circulating characteristics and undergo a sequentially β‐G‐triggered activation, resulting in a cation‐driven mitochondrial accumulation. The multistage mitochondrial targeting and the promising antitumoral efficacy of GluAcNA‐Lip are validated by employing lonidamine as a model drug.
Van der Waals SnSe2(1−x)S2x Alloys: Composition‐Dependent Bowing Coefficient and Electron–Phonon Interaction
Authors: Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Wang Xueting , Sutcliffe Jake , Bhuiyan Mahabub A. , Fu Yuhao , Yang Zhuo , Makarovsky Oleg , Eaves Laurence , Solomon Andrij , Maslyuk Volodymyr T. , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Zhang Lijun , Patanè Amalia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe design of advanced functional materials with customized properties often requires the use of an alloy. This approach has been used for decades, but only recently to create van der Waals (vdW) alloys for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics. A route to engineering their physical properties is by mixing isoelectronic elements, as done for the SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloy. Here, by experiment and first‐principles modeling, it is shown that the value of x can be adjusted over a wide range, indicating good miscibility of the SnS2 and SnSe2 compounds. The x‐dependence of the indirect bandgap energy from Eind = 1.20 eV for SnSe2 to Eind = 2.14 eV for SnS2, corresponds to a large bowing coefficient b ≈ 1 eV, arising from volume deformation and charge exchange effects due to the different sizes and orbital energies of the S‐ and Se‐atoms. This also causes composition‐dependent phonon energy modes, electron–phonon interaction, and temperature dependence of Eind. The alloys are exfoliable into thin layers with properties that depend on the composition, but only weakly on the layer thickness. This work shows that the electronic and vibrational properties of the SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloy and its thin layers provide a versatile platform for development and exploitation.
From Molecular Precursors to Nanoparticles—Tailoring the Adsorption Properties of Porous Carbon Materials by Controlled Chemical Functionalization
Authors: Perovic Milena , Qin Qing , Oschatz Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanoporous carbon materials (NCMs) provide the “function” of high specific surface area and thus have large interface area for interactions with surrounding species, which is of particular importance in applications related to adsorption processes. The strength and mechanism of adsorption depend on the pore architecture of the NCMs. In addition, chemical functionalization can be used to induce changes of electron density and/or electron density distribution in the pore walls, thus further modifying the interactions between carbons and guest species. Typical approaches for functionalization of nanoporous materials with regular atomic construction like porous silica, metal–organic frameworks, or zeolites, cannot be applied to NCMs due to their less defined local atomic construction and abundant defects. Therefore, synthetic strategies that offer a higher degree of control over the process of functionalization are needed. Synthetic approaches for covalent functionalization of NCMs, that is, for the incorporation of heteroatoms into the carbon backbone, are critically reviewed with a special focus on strategies following the concept “from molecules to materials.” Approaches for coordinative functionalization with metallic species, and the functionalization by nanocomposite formation between pristine carbon materials and heteroatom‐containing carbons, are introduced as well. Particular focus is given to the influences of these functionalizations in adsorption‐related applications.
Routing Nanomolar Protein Cargoes to Lipid Raft‐Mediated/Caveolar Endocytosis through a Ganglioside GM1‐Specific Recognition Tag
Authors: Imre Norbert , Hetényi Anasztázia , Szabó Enikő , Bodnár Brigitta , Szkalisity Abel , Gróf Ilona , Bocsik Alexandra , Deli Mária A. , Horvath Peter , Czibula Ágnes , Monostori Éva , Martinek Tamás A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a pressing need to develop ways to deliver therapeutic macromolecules to their intracellular targets. Certain viral and bacterial proteins are readily internalized in functional form through lipid raft‐mediated/caveolar endocytosis, but mimicking this process with protein cargoes at therapeutically relevant concentrations is a great challenge. Targeting ganglioside GM1 in the caveolar pits triggers endocytosis. A pentapeptide sequence WYKYW is presented, which specifically captures the glycan moiety of GM1 (KD = 24 nm). The WYKYW‐tag facilitates the GM1‐dependent endocytosis of proteins in which the cargo‐loaded caveosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. A structurally intact immunoglobulin G complex (580 kDa) is successfully delivered into live HeLa cells at extracellular concentrations ranging from 20 to 160 nm, and escape of the cargo proteins to the cytosol is observed. The short peptidic WYKYW‐tag is an advantageous endocytosis routing sequence for lipid raft‐mediated/caveolar cell delivery of therapeutic macromolecules, especially for cancer cells that overexpress GM1.
No‐tillage with reduced water and nitrogen supply improves water use efficiency of wheat in arid regions
Authors: Guo Yao , Yin Wen , Fan Zhilong , Hu Falong , Fan Hong , Zhao Cai , Yu Aizhong , Chai Qiang , Coulter Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNo‐tillage, plastic mulching, optimal irrigation, nutrient management, and crop rotation are valuable strategies for improving water use efficiency (WUE) in arid regions, but the effect of no‐tillage combined with plastic mulching on WUE has not been tested. In 2016 and 2017, a field experiment was conducted after plastic mulched maize (Zea mays L.) in northwestern China to assess how tillage, irrigation, and nitrogen levels affect soil evaporation (E), evapotranspiration (ET), grain yield (GY), and WUE of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study evaluated all combinations of two tillage practices (NT, no‐tillage with previous plastic mulching; CT, conventional tillage), two irrigation levels (high: local conventional irrigation amount, 240 mm; and low: local conventional irrigation amount reduced by 20%, 192 mm), and three nitrogen levels (high: local conventional nitrogen amount, 225 kg ha−1; medium: local conventional nitrogen amount reduced by 20%, 180 kg ha−1; and low: local conventional nitrogen amount reduced by 40%, 135 kg ha−1). Across the study years, NT reduced E and E/ET and increased GY and WUE at all irrigation and nitrogen levels compared with CT. No‐tillage with low irrigation and medium nitrogen reduced E, ET, and E/ET by 29%, 4%, and 26%, respectively, and improved GY and WUE by 19% and 24%, respectively, compared with CT with high supplies of irrigation and nitrogen. We concluded that NT into plastic mulched maize with a reduction in irrigation and a moderate level of nitrogen can improve WUE of wheat in arid regions, thereby enhancing the sustainability of cereal production.
Cover crop and tillage affect sweet sorghum production and soil chemical properties
Authors: Han Kun‐Jun , Alison Montgomery 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] is known for high production potential, even on marginal land. Field research was conducted in northeast and southeast Louisiana for 3 yr to determine the changes of sweet sorghum productivity and soil‐chemical properties influenced by applications of tillage and legume cover crop. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatumL.), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) were planted in the fall and then compared for the following sweet sorghum production and soil‐chemical properties with those receiving 0, 56, and 112 kg ha−1of synthetic N fertilizer under conventional tillage (CT) or no‐tillage (NT). Sweet sorghum cultivated after either legume cover crop produced equivalent amounts of sweet sorghum biomass and sugar as those of sweet sorghum receiving 56 or 112 kg ha−1N fertilization. Increasing N fertilization rates from 56 to 112 kg ha−1did not increase sweet sorghum production. Proportion of sucrose averaged 48% of fermentable carbohydrate in the juice, followed by glucose (23%) and fructose (16%). The proportion of sugars did not differ regardless of tillage or N treatment. Potential N production from hairy vetch ranged from 74–108 kg ha−1, which was greater than that from crimson clover. The benefit of CT was found in greater fresh biomass and higher plant population of sweet sorghum compared to those of NT. Soil organic matter varied in years and cultivation practices. Due to moderate N demand of sweet sorghum, legume cover crops are promising N providers without sweet sorghum production losses.
Seasonal changes in crop growth and grain yield of different japonica rice cultivars in southeast China
Authors: Chen Song , Liu Shaowen , Yin Min , Zheng Xi , Chu Guang , Xu Chunmei , Wang Dangying , Zhang Xiufu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is unknown whether japonica rice bred up in the single season is suitable for growing in the late season in southeastern China. To evaluate the response of grain yield and growth traits of japonica varieties to the changing growing season, two types of japonica rice (inbred japonica and indica‐japonica hybrid rice) were planted during single and late seasons in 2016 and 2017. The grain yields of indica‐japonica hybrid rice were 8.3–9.5 t ha−1 and 9.2–10.8 t ha−1 in the late and single season, respectively, which were significantly greater than those of japonica inbred rice. In addition, the grain yields decreased when the growing season was switched from the single to the late season, being 17.3–23.7% for the inbred japonica rice and 4.0–9.7% for the indica‐japonica hybrid rice, indicating a small yield gap between the single and late season of the indica‐japonica hybrid rice. Furthermore, the indica‐japonica hybrid rice had a higher accumulated biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and spikelets per panicle; comparable phenological traits and leaf photosynthetic rate during panicle development; but lower grain weight and grain filling percentage compared with those of the inbred japonica rice. These results suggested that high grain yield of the indica‐japonica hybrid rice during the late season might be attributed to the high accumulation of biomass and the large panicle size. Thereby, we suggested that the great LAI during panicle development, high biomass accumulation before heading, and large panicle size might be useful as indicators for breeding the japonica variety during the late season.
Midseason application of organic fertilizer improves yield and nitrogen uptake in rice
Authors: Murray Anna C. , Linquist Bruce A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems in California utilize a 30‐d drain approximately one month into the growing season to control weeds. This drain may result in N losses and reduce yields. Two field trials were initiated to evaluate whether top‐dressing fertilizer N following the drain period could mitigate this problem by increasing N uptake and yields. Treatments evaluated rates and sources of commercially available organic fertilizers varying in N content and C to N ratio. The six treatments were a control with no top‐dress fertilizer, and top‐dress applications of 12–3–0 (applied at 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha−1) and 6–3–2 and 4–1–4 applied at 45 kg N ha−1. Total plant N uptake at harvest increased linearly with increasing N rate at both locations. At both sites, grain yields increased linearly (by 15 to 22 kg ha−1 for every kg N ha−1 applied) up to 45 kg N ha−1 above which yields plateaued at one site but continued to increase linearly at the other site. Application of 12–3–0 increased yields relative to the control at both locations but yields were not significantly different between the three fertilizer sources at the 45 kg N ha−1 rate at either location. Total plant N uptake and N recovery were higher in the 12–3–0 treatment compared to the other fertilizer sources at only one location. An economic analysis indicates that at the yield responses reported here, top‐dress N fertilizer applications were economical.