bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bioactive compounds and cellular antioxidant activity of Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall) seed oil from China
Authors: Wu Gangcheng , Shen Yingbin , Nie Rong , Li Peiyan , Jin Qingzhe , Zhang Hui , Wang Xingguo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerbaceous peony (HP) seed oil has been consumed in some regions of China, yet little information is available on its bioactive composition and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid compositions, micronutrients contents, and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of HP seed oil from five varieties. Results indicated that this oil had high percentages of monounsaturated (32.15 to 45.92%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (58.65 to 61.95%), and the α‐linolenic acid C18:3 was the highest in Fushao seed oil. Additionally, the high concentrations of tocopherol and phytosterol were found in all seed oils, and 10 individual polyphenols have been evaluated. Fushao seed oil had the highest polyphenols levels and showed higher CAA values. Both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis have been used to distinguish HP seed oil from different varieties. This information is valuable for the nutritional value and industrial interest of HP seed oil in China.Practical ApplicationThis research showed that Herbaceous peony seed oil had higher levels of minor components and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially, α‐linolenic acid, and our results could also provide the theoretical foundation for the health benefits of Herbaceous peony seed oil as the vegetable oils. However, the variety of Herbaceous should be considered when extracting oil from Herbaceous peony seeds in the industry.
Maternal obesity is associated with phenotypic alterations in fetal immune cells by single‐cell mass cytometry
Authors: Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Jang Jin Sung , Hur Benjamin , Johnson Erica L. , Wick Myra J. , Sung Jaeyun , Chakraborty Rana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblemPrenatal exposure to metabolic dysregulation arising from maternal obesity can have negative health consequences in post‐natal life. To date, the specific effects of maternal obesity on fetal immunity at a cellular level have not been well characterized.Method of StudyUsing cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and cord plasma (n = 9/group) isolated from infants born to women with a high body mass index (BMI>25kg/m2) compared to women with a normal BMI (18‐25kg/m2), we evaluated differences in immune cell populations using single‐cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). CBMCs were matched according to potentially confounding variables, such as maternal and gestational age, ethnicity, smoking status, and gravidity. Statistical results were adjusted for fetal sex. Data were analyzed by viSNE and FlowSOM softwares in Cytobank™.ResultsIn newborn CBMCs from women with high BMI, we observed changes in frequency and phenotype of immune cell populations, including significant increases in CD4+ T cells and decreases in myeloid cell populations. IL‐12p40 and MDC concentrations were significantly elevated in the high BMI group compared to control.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an association between maternal obesity and fetal immunity. Our results warrant following long‐term immunologic outcomes and associated clinical risks in children born to women with a high pre‐pregnancy BMI.
Expulsion at home for early medical abortion: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Schmidt‐Hansen Mia , Pandey Anuja , Lohr Patricia A. , Nevill Michael , Taylor Peter , Hasler Elise , Cameron Sharon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe safety and acceptability of medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol at home at ≤9+0 weeks’ gestation is well established. However, the upper gestational limit at which the procedure remains safe and acceptable at home is not known. To inform a national guideline on abortion care we conducted a systematic review to determine what gestational limit for expulsion at home offers the best balance of benefits and harms for women who are having medical abortion.Material and methodsWe searched Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Cinahl Plus and Web‐of‐Science on 2 January 2020 for prospective and retrospective cohort studies with ≥50 women per gestational age group, published in English from 1995 onwards, that included women undergoing medical abortion and compared home expulsion of pregnancies of ≤9+0 weeks’ gestational age with pregnancies of 9+1‐10+0 weeks or >10+1 weeks’ gestational age, or compared the latter two gestational age groups. We assessed risk‐of‐bias using the Newcastle‐Ottowa scale. All outcomes were meta‐analyzed as risk ratios (RR) using the Mantel‐Haenszel method. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsSix studies (n = 3381) were included. The “need for emergency care/admission to hospital” (RR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45‐1.4), “hemorrhage requiring transfusion/≥500 mL blood loss” (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.11‐3.55), patient satisfaction (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.95‐1.03), pain (RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82‐1.02), and “complete abortion without the need for surgical intervention” (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1‐1.05) did not differ statistically significantly between the ≤9+0 and >9+0 weeks’ gestation groups. The rates of vomiting (RR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.69‐0.93) and diarrhea (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73‐0.99) were statistically significantly lower in the ≤9+0 weeks group but these differences were not considered clinically important. We found no studies comparing pregnancies of 9+1‐10+0 weeks’ gestation with pregnancies of >10+0 weeks’ gestation. The certainty of this evidence was predominantly low and mainly compromised by low event rates and loss to follow up.ConclusionsWomen who are having a medical abortion and will be taking mifepristone up to and including 10+0 weeks’ gestation should be offered the option of expulsion at home after they have taken the misoprostol. Further research needs to determine whether the gestational limit for home expulsion can be extended beyond 10+0 weeks.
Effect of low level laser therapy on crestal bone levels around dental implants—A pilot study
Authors: Gulati Prachi , Kumar Manoj , Issar Gaurav , Thakral Ankur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplant success is affected by initial bone resorption at the implant surface. Continuous efforts have been made to reduce the peri‐implant crestal bone loss. Limited information is available regarding the influence of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on interaction between the bone and implant surface.PurposeThe aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of LLLT on peri‐implant crestal bone levels.Materials and methodsTwenty implants were placed in 20 patients who were randomly assigned to two groups. Group I patients' received no adjunctive treatment and group II patients' were administered LLLT using 980 nm diode laser at 0.1 W output power following implant placement. The energy density of 4 J/cm2 was delivered at six sites for a duration of 10 seconds per site. Crestal bone levels were evaluated primarily using digital intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph. The measurements were made immediately (T0) and 6 weeks (T1) post implant placement; and 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) post prosthetic loading time intervals and compared using repeated measures ANOVA test.ResultsCrestal bone levels at baseline were statistically not significant between groups (P = .880). At T3 time interval, the mean change in crestal bone levels around all anatomical implant sites measured was 0.81 (SE 0.04) mm for irradiated group and 0.97 (SE 0.04) mm for nonirradiated group. Intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant (P = .020) less crestal bone loss in group that received LLLT.ConclusionUnder the conditions of this study, LLLT reduced the crestal bone resorption surrounding dental implants.Trial registrationThe present clinical trial was not registered.
Children's interpretation of ambiguous pronouns based on prior discourse
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Le Khuyen Nha , Peloquin Benjamin , Köymen Bahar , Frank Michael C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn conversation, individual utterances are almost always ambiguous, with this ambiguity resolved by context and discourse history (common ground). One important cue for disambiguation is the topic under discussion with a particular partner (e.g., “want to pick?” means something different in a conversation with a bluegrass musician vs. with a book club partner). Here, we investigated 2‐ to 5‐year‐old American English‐speaking children's (N = 131) reliance on conversational topics with specific partners to interpret ambiguous or novel words. In a tablet‐based game, children heard a speaker consistently refer to objects from a category without mentioning the category itself. In Study 1, 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds interpreted the ambiguous pronoun “it” as referring to another member of the same category. In Study 2, only 4‐year‐olds interpreted the pronoun as referring to the implied category when talking to the same speaker but not when talking to a new speaker. Thus, children's conception of what constitutes common ground in discourse develops substantially between ages 2 and 5.
Modification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin 2‐heptyl‐1‐hydroxyquinolin‐4(1H)‐one and other secondary metabolites by methyltransferases from mycobacteria
Authors: Sartor Pascal , Bock Jonathan , Hennecke Ulrich , Thierbach Sven , Fetzner Susanne 
Published: October 2020

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most prevalent species in infections of the cystic fibrosis lung, produces a range of secondary metabolites, among them the respiratory toxin 2‐heptyl‐1‐hydroxyquinolin‐4(1H)‐one (2‐heptyl‐4‐hydroxyquinoline N‐oxide, HQNO). Cultures of the emerging cystic fibrosis pathogen Mycobacteroides abscessus detoxify HQNO by methylating the N‐hydroxy moiety. In this study, the class I methyltransferase MAB_2834c and its orthologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv0560c, were identified as HQNO O‐methyltransferases. The P. aeruginosa exoproducts 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (DHQ), 2‐heptylquinolin‐4(1H)‐one (HHQ), and 2‐heptyl‐3‐hydroxyquinolin‐4(1H)‐one (the ‘Pseudomonas quinolone signal’, PQS), some structurally related (iso)quinolones, and the flavonol quercetin were also methylated; however, HQNO was by far the preferred substrate. Both enzymes converted a benzimidazole[1,2‐a]pyridine‐4‐carbonitrile‐based compound, representing the scaffold of antimycobacterial substances, to an N‐methylated derivative. We suggest that these promiscuous methyltransferases, newly termed as heterocyclic toxin methyltransferases (Htm), are involved in cellular response to chemical stress and possibly contribute to resistance of mycobacteria toward antimicrobial natural compounds as well as drugs. Thus, synthetic antimycobacterial agents may be designed to be unamenable to methyl transfer.EnzymesS‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine:2‐heptyl‐1‐hydroxyquinolin‐4(1H)‐one O‐methyl‐transferase, EC 2.1.1.‐
Perspective: Increasing blue carbon around Antarctica is an ecosystem service of considerable societal and economic value worth protecting
Authors: Bax Narissa , Sands Chester J. , Gogarty Brendan , Downey Rachel V. , Moreau Camille V. E. , Moreno Bernabé , Held Christoph , Paulsen Maria L. , McGee Jeffrey , Haward Marcus , Barnes David K. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecautionary conservation and cooperative global governance are needed to protect Antarctic blue carbon: the world's largest increasing natural form of carbon storage with high sequestration potential. As patterns of ice loss around Antarctica become more uniform, there is an underlying increase in carbon capture‐to‐storage‐to‐sequestration on the seafloor. The amount of carbon captured per unit area is increasing and the area available to blue carbon is also increasing. Carbon sequestration could further increase under moderate (+1°C) ocean warming, contrary to decreasing global blue carbon stocks elsewhere. For example, in warmer waters, mangroves and seagrasses are in decline and benthic organisms are close to their physiological limits, so a 1°C increase in water temperature could push them above their thermal tolerance (e.g. bleaching of coral reefs). In contrast, on the basis of past change and current research, we expect that Antarctic blue carbon could increase by orders of magnitude. The Antarctic seafloor is biophysically unique and the site of carbon sequestration, the benthos, faces less anthropogenic disturbance than any other ocean continental shelf environment. This isolation imparts both vulnerability to change, and an avenue to conserve one of the world's last biodiversity refuges. In economic terms, the value of Antarctic blue carbon is estimated at between £0.65 and £1.76 billion (~2.27 billion USD) for sequestered carbon in the benthos around the continental shelf. To balance biodiversity protection against society's economic objectives, this paper builds on a proposal incentivising protection by building a ‘non‐market framework’ via the 2015 Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This could be connected and coordinated through the Antarctic Treaty System to promote and motivate member states to value Antarctic blue carbon and maintain scientific integrity and conservation for the positive societal values ingrained in the Antarctic Treaty System.
Direct response of tree growth to soil water and its implications for terrestrial carbon cycle modelling
Authors: Eckes‐Shephard Annemarie H. , Tiavlovsky Egor , Chen Yizhao , Fonti Patrick , Friend Andrew D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWood growth constitutes the main process for long‐term atmospheric carbon sequestration in vegetation. However, our understanding of the process of wood growth and its response to environmental drivers is limited. Current dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are mainly photosynthesis‐driven and thus do not explicitly include a direct environmental effect on tree growth. However, physiological evidence suggests that, to realistically model vegetation carbon allocation under increased climatic stressors, it is crucial to treat growth responses independently from photosynthesis. A plausible growth response function suitable for global simulations in DGVMs has been lacking. Here, we present the first soil water‐growth response function and parameter range for deciduous and evergreen conifers. The response curve was calibrated against European larch and Norway spruce in a dry temperate forest in the Swiss Alps. We present a new data‐driven approach based on a combination of tree ring width (TRW) records, growing season length and simulated subdaily soil hydrology to parameterize ring width increment simulations. We found that a simple linear response function, with an intercept at zero moisture stress, used in growth simulations reproduced 62.3% and 59.4% of observed TRW variability for larch and spruce respectively and, importantly, the response function slope was much steeper than literature values for soil moisture effects on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Specifically, we found stem growth stops at soil moisture potentials of −0.47 MPa for larch and −0.66 MPa for spruce, whereas photosynthesis in trees continues down to −1.2 MPa or lower, depending on species and measurement method. These results are strong evidence that the response functions of source and sink processes are indeed very different in trees, and need to be considered separately to correctly assess vegetation responses to environmental change. The results provide a parameterization for the explicit representation of growth responses to soil water in vegetation models.
Elevation alters outcome of competition between resident and range‐shifting species
Authors: Shepard Isaac D. , Wissinger Scott A. , Greig Hamish S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies’ geographic range shifts toward higher latitudes and elevations are among the most frequently reported consequences of climate change. However, the role of species interactions in setting range margins remains poorly understood. We used cage experiments in ponds to test competing hypotheses about the role of abiotic and biotic mechanisms for structuring range boundaries of an upslope range‐shifting caddisflyLimnephilus picturatus. We found that competition with a ubiquitous speciesLimnephilus externussignificantly decreasedL. picturatussurvival and emergence at subalpine elevations supporting the notion that species interactions play a critical role in determining upslope range limits. However, without competitors,L. picturatussurvival was greater at high‐elevation than low‐elevation sites. This was contrary to decreases in body mass (a proxy for fecundity) with elevation regardless of the presence of competitors. We ultimately show that species interactions can be important for setting upslope range margins. Yet, our results also highlight the complications in defining what may be abiotically stressful for this species and the importance of considering multiple demographic variables. Understanding how species ranges will respond in a changing climate will require quantifying species interactions and how they are influenced by the abiotic context in which they play out.
Mapping out Early America: Encounters between imperial and indigenous geographies
Authors: Reynoso Jacqueline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin the last three decades, the geographic dimensions of Early American History have expanded. Transregional, Atlantic, Diasporic, Continental, Hemispheric, and Transoceanic perspectives have helped bring about the conceptualization of a “Vast Early America” connected with but not limited to Britain's North American colonies. This article surveys some of the historiographical trends that have propelled that shift. Recognizing that those changes overlapped with the so‐called spatial turn in the discipline of History more broadly, it approaches the topic through a spatial lens. It first considers how histories of cartography in Early America have led to a scholarly rethinking of the field's geographic dimensions. It then examines the ways historians have teased out some of the lived and imagined geographies that Native and European agents negotiated in North America. Because Native geographies were at the center of America's early history as well as the colonial encounters that reshaped it, much of the article's focus is on Native American spatial practices.
The Rhenish League of 1254–1257 in historiographical perspective
Authors: Huffman Joseph P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the distinctives of Rhineland cities during the central and later Middle Ages was their propensity to form leagues (Städtebünde) on their own initiative in the absence of strong imperial authority. These diplomatic and military alliances demonstrate remarkable collaboration between otherwise economic rivals in order to resolve conflicts and sustain the “king's peace” (Landfriede) when the monarch was incapable of doing so. The Rhenish League of 1254–1257, formed a century before the Hanseatic League, was the first of many such leagues. It embodied profound burgher agency and cooperation in traditional Hohenstaufen territory after the dynasty's collapse. Promising beginnings proved short‐lived, however, as the league itself dissolved over disagreements about the split royal election of 1257. But as pioneer and template for subsequent urban leagues, it has garnered special attention in German historiography. This article reviews the historical significance of the league for modern German historians and locates such perspectives within their own radically divergent historical contexts: German Confederation, Empire, Weimar Republic, Nazi Dictatorship, Cold War FRG/GDR, and since Reunification.
Multimodal coordination of vocal and gaze behavior in mother–infant dyads across the first year of life
Authors: Northrup Jessie B. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch examining mother–infant interactions indicates a close connection between vocal and gaze behavior. The present longitudinal study examined the development of both intraindividual and dyadic coordination of vocal and gaze behavior in mother–infant dyads at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Mother and infant vocalization and gaze behavior during in‐home toy play interactions were coded on a moment‐by‐moment basis and coordinations (i.e., co‐occurrences and sequences of behavior) were compared to randomized baselines in order to determine whether coordinate exceeded chance levels. Infants timed their own vocalizations with gaze to partner's face and inhibited vocalizations during gaze to objects at greater than chance levels across the first year. Mother's displayed above‐chance intraindividual coordination of vocalizations and gaze to partner's face and objects. Mothers and infants demonstrated dyadic coordination of vocalizations and gaze at above‐chance levels, but developmental change and leading‐following dynamics varied based on gaze location (i.e., face vs. object). Results emphasize the importance of examining coordination across communication modalities and of considering bidirectional influences on mother and infant vocal and gaze behavior.
Rheology and microstructure of galactomannan–xanthan gum systems at different pH values
Authors: Hayta Mehmet , Dogan Mahmut , Aslan Türker Duygu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractpH is a significant parameter influencing the performance of biopolymer solution fluids. The rheological properties, structural strength, viscoelastic properties of xanthan gum–galactomannan solutions were largely depended on the pH values. The present research aims to determine the effect of pH on galactomannan–xanthan gum blends. For the sample solutions, an apparent viscosity‐increasing effect was explicitly observed over the pH range from 2.0 to 6.0, and the consistency coefficient values gradually decreased at pH 2.0. The G′ values of the samples which contained the same ratio of hydrocolloid with different pH values were 1.03, 3.43, 13.98 Pa and G″ values were 1.15, 1.29, and 2.99 Pa, respectively. Optimization results represented that the best galactomannan type is tara gum prepared at pH 2.0, tara gum and LBG at pH 4.0. For the solutions prepared at pH 6.0, the optimum results were obtained with the LBG compared with the three studied galactomannan–xanthan gum solution. By optical microscopy, the particle morphology of solutions was different from each other at optimum concentrations and pH. These findings indicate that conditions for providing certain viscoelastic attributes of xanthan–galactomannan dispersions for the purpose of particular applications by careful control of pH.Practical ApplicationsXanthan gum and galactomannan combinations found many applications in various food products such as ready‐to‐use dessert soups and salad dressing. There was a research gap to find the optimum xanthan gum and galactomannan combinations along with different pH. The present study investigated the effect of pH on steady and dynamic rheological properties of xanthan gum–galactomannan mixtures. Optimization study was conducted and compared with different pH. Obtained results of current study highlighted the importance of determining the pH for food formulation because they can be used to alter the rheology of food matrices and to get a deeper knowledge on the effects of the pH on the morphology of the system. The present study makes several noteworthy contributions to the rheological characteristics of galactomannan containing food products. These findings indicate that conditions for providing certain viscoelastic attributes of xanthan–galactomannan dispersions for the purpose of particular applications by careful control of pH.