bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐model Spread of the Changes in the East Asian Summer Monsoon System in CMIP5/6 Models
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Huang Gang , Huang Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmong the state‐of‐the‐art Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 and 6 (CMIP5/6) models, there is considerable inter‐model spread in the projected changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its components, including the three‐dimensional atmospheric circulation, western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), and East Asian upper‐tropospheric westerly jet (EAJ). In this study, we extracted the leading inter‐model mode of the EASM changes based on the atmospheric circulation, and investigated its relationship with the WNPSH and EAJ. The leading mode of circulation, characterized as a low‐level cyclonic circulation change, is closely correlated with a weakened or eastward‐retreated WNPSH and a southward‐shifted EAJ. This systematic link between them is maintained by the stronger tropospheric warming over East Asia and the western North Pacific, which originates from the greater surface warming over the equatorial western Pacific.
Global Surface Soil Moisture Drydown Patterns
Authors: Sehgal Vinit , Gaur Nandita , Mohanty Binayak P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the global soil moisture (SM) dynamics and its governing controls beyond the Darcy Scale is critical for various hydrological, meteorological, agricultural, and environmental applications. In this study, we parameterize the pathways of global surface SM (θRS) drydowns using seasonal observation from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite (between 2015 and 2019) at 36 km resolution. We develop a new data‐driven nonparametric approach to identify the canonical forms of θRS drydown, followed by a nonlinear least squares parameterization of the seasonal drydown pathways at each SMAP footprint. The derived parameters provide the effective soil water retention parameters (SWRPeff), land‐atmospheric coupling strength and soil hydrologic regimes for SMAP footprint. Depending on the footprint heterogeneity, climate, and season, the characteristics curves comprising different drydown phases are discovered at SMAP footprints. Drydown curves respond to the within‐footprint changes in the meteorological drivers, land‐surface characteristics, and the soil‐vegetative and atmospheric dynamics. Drydown parameters display high interseasonal variability, especially in the grasslands, croplands, and savannah landscapes due to significant changes in the landscape characteristics and moisture patterns at the subgrid‐scale. Soil texture exerts influence on the soil water retention and drydown parameters only when the footprint mean θRS is low, specifically in arid and sparsely vegetated regions. The interseasonal variability of the SWRPeff is primarily driven by the landuse and climate of the SMAP footprint. A global understanding of the SM drydown features at SMAP footprint provides a significant step toward a scale‐specific, effective soil hydrologic parameterization for various applications.
Metformin use and lung cancer survival: a population-based study in Norway
Authors: Brancher Suzan , Støer Nathalie C. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Damhuis Ronald A. M. , Johannesen Tom B. , Botteri Edoardo , Strand Trond-Eirik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed associations between metformin use and survival in a nationwide Norwegian cohort of lung cancer (LC) patients.MethodsThe study linked 22,324 LC patients from the Cancer Registry of Norway diagnosed 2005–2014 with the Norwegian Prescription Database. We estimated associations of pre- and post-diagnostic metformin use with overall survival (OS) and LC-specific survival (LCSS) using multivariable time-fixed and time-dependent Cox regression.ResultsPre-diagnostic metformin use was not associated with improved survival in all patients. Nevertheless, pre-diagnostic metformin use was associated with better LCSS in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.99) and in patients with regional stage SCC (HR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.47–0.95). Post-diagnostic metformin use was associated with improved LCSS in all patients (HR = 0.83; 95%CI 0.73–0.95), in patients with SCC (HR = 0.75; 95%CI 0.57–0.98), regional stage LC (HR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.59–0.94), and regional stage SCC (HR = 0.57; 95%CI 0.38–0.86). OS showed similar results. Analyses of cumulative use showed a dose-response relationship in all patients, patients with adenocarcinoma and SCC, and with regional and metastatic LC.ConclusionsMetformin use was associated with improved survival, especially LCSS in patients with regional stage SCC. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the role of metformin in LC treatment.
Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications
Authors: Tang Daolin , Chen Xin , Kang Rui , Kroemer Guido 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCell death can be executed through different subroutines. Since the description of ferroptosis as an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death in 2012, there has been mounting interest in the process and function of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis can occur through two major pathways, the extrinsic or transporter-dependent pathway and the intrinsic or enzyme-regulated pathway. Ferroptosis is caused by a redox imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which is driven by the abnormal expression and activity of multiple redox-active enzymes that produce or detoxify free radicals and lipid oxidation products. Accordingly, ferroptosis is precisely regulated at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational layers. The transcription factor NFE2L2 plays a central role in upregulating anti-ferroptotic defense, whereas selective autophagy may promote ferroptotic death. Here, we review current knowledge on the integrated molecular machinery of ferroptosis and describe how dysregulated ferroptosis is involved in cancer, neurodegeneration, tissue injury, inflammation, and infection.
Trophic ecology, habitat, and migratory behaviour of the viperfish Chauliodus sloani reveal a key mesopelagic player
Authors: Eduardo Leandro Nolé , Lucena-Frédou Flávia , Mincarone Michael Maia , Soares Andrey , Le Loc’h François , Frédou Thierry , Ménard Frédéric , Bertrand Arnaud 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMesopelagic fishes are numerically the most important vertebrate group of all world’s oceans. While these species are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, basic biological knowledge is still lacking. For instance, major uncertainties remain on the behaviour, ecology, and thus functional roles of mesopelagic micronektivores, particularly regarding their interactions with physicochemical features. Here, we examine the trophic ecology, habitat, and migratory behaviour of the viperfish (Chauliodus sloani)—a poorly known and abundant deep-sea species—to further understand the ecology and thus functional role of mesopelagic micronektivores. Moreover, we explore how physical drivers may affect these features and how these relationships are likely to change over large oceanic areas. The viperfish heavily preys on epipelagic migrant species, especially myctophids, and presents spatial and trophic ontogenetic shifts. Temperature restricts its vertical distribution. Therefore, its trophodynamics, migratory behaviour, and functional roles are expected to be modulated by the latitudinal change in temperature. For instance, in most tropical regions the viperfish stay full-time feeding, excreting, and serving as prey (e.g. for bathypelagic predators) at deep layers. On the contrary, in temperate regions, the viperfish ascend to superficial waters where they trophically interact with epipelagic predators and may release carbon where its remineralization is the greatest.
Systematical study of multi-walled carbon nanotube nanofluids based disposed transformer oil
Authors: Suhaimi Nur Sabrina , Md Din Muhamad Faiz , Ishak Mohd Taufiq , Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid , Mohd Ariffin Maslina , Hashim Nurul ‘Izzati , Wang Jianli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the electrical, dielectric, Raman and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure behavior of disposed transformer oil in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were systematically tested to verify their versatility for preparing better alternative transformer oil in future. MWCNT nanofluids are prepared using a two-step method with concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.02 g/L. The test results reveal that 0.005 g/L concentration possesses the most optimum performance based on the electrical (AC breakdown and lightning impulse) and dielectric (permittivity, dissipation factor and resistivity) behavior. According to the trend of AC breakdown strength and lightning impulse pattern, there were 212.58% and 40.01% enhancement indicated for 0.005 g/L concentration compared to the disposed transformer oil. The presence of MWCNT also yielding to the decrement of dissipation factor, increased on permittivity and resistivity behavior of disposed transformer oil which reflected to the performance of electrical properties. Furthermore, it is found that these features correlated to the structural properties as systematically verify by Raman and SAXS analysis study.
Detection methods of epitranscriptomic mark N6-methyladenosine
Authors: Wang Ye , Jia Guifang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in recent years has revealed the complex but elegant regulatory role of this RNA modification in multiple physiological processes. The advent of m6A detection technologies is the basis for studying the function of this RNA modification. These technologies enable the detection of m6A sites across transcriptome or at specific gene, thereby revealing the alternation and dynamic of RNA modification. However, non-specific signals that arise from the antibody-based methods and the low-resolution landscape have become the major drawback of classic m6A detection methods. In this review, we summarize the current available methods and categorized them into three groups according to the utilization purpose, including measurement of total m6A levels, detection m6A locus in single gene, and m6A sequencing. We hope this review helps researchers in epitranscriptomic field find an appropriate m6A detection tool that suites their experimental design.
Sol–gel preparation of spherical γ‐Al2O3 with macro‐mesopores as an efficient adsorbent for acid fuchsin
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Xin Xiulan , Liu Hongqin , Song Nan , Wang Yan , Shi Yige , Cheng Yuqing 
Published: December 2020

Spherical gamma‐alumina (γ‐Al2O3) has a wide range of applications in the field of adsorption due to its low bulk density, larger pore size, higher strength and thermal stability. In this study, spherical γ‐Al2O3 with macro‐mesopores was prepared with isopropanol aluminium as the aluminium source via a sol–gel process. Spherical γ‐Al2O3 was characterised by means of nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction and so on. The adsorption performance of the prepared spherical γ‐Al2O3 was studied by probe experiment of adsorption of acid fuchsin (AF) solution. The results showed that the spherical γ‐Al2O3, which was prepared under the condition of hydrolysis time of 1 h, hydrolysis temperature of 85°C, ageing temperature of 95°C and ageing time of 7 h, had the strongest adsorption capacity for AF, and the adsorption efficiency could reach 96.24% in 40 mg/l AF solution. In addition, after six cycles of use, the spherical γ‐Al2O3 had no damage and the adsorption efficiency still could reach 88.40%. This work provides a feasible method for the preparation of spherical γ‐Al2O3, and could also help to understand the connection between its textural properties and adsorption performance.
Optimal extraction of echelle spectra: Getting the most out of observations
Authors: Piskunov Nikolai , Wehrhahn Ansgar , Marquart Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Context. The price of instruments and observing time on modern telescopes is quickly increasing. Therefore, it is worth revisiting the data reduction algorithms to extract every bit of scientific information from available observations. Echelle spectrographs are typical instruments used in high-resolution spectroscopy, but attempts to improve the wavelength coverage and versatility of these instruments has resulted in a complicated and variable footprint of the entrance slit projection onto the science detector. Traditional spectral extraction methods generally fail to perform a truly optimal extraction when the slit image is not aligned with the detector columns and, instead, is tilted or even curved.
Aims. Here, we present the mathematical algorithms and examples of their application to the optimal extraction and the following reduction steps for echelle spectrometers equipped with an entrance slit that is imaged with various distortions. The new method minimises the loss of spectral resolution, maximises the signal-to-noise ratio, and efficiently identifies local outliers. In addition to the new optimal extraction, we present order splicing and a more robust continuum normalisation algorithm.
Methods. We developed and implemented new algorithms that create a continuum-normalised spectrum. In the process, we account for the (variable) tilt or curvature of the slit image on the detector and achieve optimal extraction without prior assumptions about the slit illumination. Thus, the new method can handle arbitrary image slicers, slit scanning, and other observational techniques aimed at increasing the throughput or dynamic range.
Results. We compare our methods with other techniques for different instruments to illustrate the superior performance of the new algorithms compared to commonly used procedures.
Conclusions. Advanced modelling of the focal plane requires significant computational effort but it has proven worthwhile thanks to the retrieval of a greater store of science information from every observation. The described algorithms and tools are freely available as part of our PyReduce package.
Microscopic equation of state of hot nuclear matter for numerical relativity simulations
Authors: Logoteta Domenico , Perego Albino , Bombaci Ignazio 
Published: December 2020

Context.A precise understanding of the equation of state (EOS) of dense and hot matter is key to modeling relativistic astrophysical environments, including core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), protoneutron star (PNSs) evolution, and compact binary mergers.Aims.In this paper, we extend the microscopic zero-temperature BL (Bombaci and Logoteta) nuclear EOS to finite temperature and arbitrary nuclear composition. We employ this new EOS to describe hotβ-stable nuclear matter and to compute various structural properties of nonrotating PNS. We also apply the EOS to perform dynamical simulations of a spherically symmetric CCSN.Methods.The EOS is derived using the finite temperature extension of the Brueckner–Bethe–Goldstone quantum many-body theory in the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approximation. Neutron star properties are computed by solving the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff structure equations numerically. The sperically symmetric CCSN simulations are performed using the AGILE-IDSA code.Results.Our EOS models are able to reproduce typical features of both PNS and spherically symmetric CCSN simulations. In addition, our EOS model is consistent with present measured neutron star masses and particularly with the masses:M = 2.01 ± 0.04 M⊙andM= 2.14−0.18+0.20M⊙of the neutron stars in PSR J0348+0432 and PSR J0740+6620 respectively. Finally, we suggest a feasible mechanism to produce low-mass black holes (M ∼ 2 M⊙) that could have far-reaching consequences for interpreting the gravitational wave event GW190814 as a BH–BH merger.
On-Ticagrelor Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Laine Marc , Panagides Vassili , Frère Corinne , Cuisset Thomas , Gouarne Caroline , Jouve Bernard , Lemesle Gilles , Paganelli Franck , Alessi Marie-Christine , Mancini Julien , Bonello Laurent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background A strong association between on-thienopyridine platelet reactivity (PR) and the risk of both thrombotic and bleeding events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been demonstrated. However, no study has analyzed the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR and clinical outcome in this clinical setting.
Objectives We aimed to investigate the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR, assessed by the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index, and clinical outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.
Methods We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study of patients undergoing PCI for ACS. PR was measured using the VASP index following ticagrelor loading dose. The primary study endpoint was the rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type ≥2 at 1 year. The key secondary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and urgent revascularization.
Results We included 570 ACS patients, among whom 33.9% had ST-elevation myocardial infarction. BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 10.9% and MACE in 13.8%. PR was not associated with BARC ≥2 or with MACE (p = 0.12 and p = 0.56, respectively). No relationship between PR and outcomes was observed, neither when PR was analyzed quantitatively nor when it was analyzed qualitatively (low on-treatment PR [LTPR] vs. no LTPR).
Conclusion On-ticagrelor PR measured by the VASP was not associated with bleeding or thrombotic events in ACS patients undergoing PCI. PR measured by the VASP should not be used as a surrogate endpoint in studies on ticagrelor.
Ki-67 Proliferative Activity in the Tumor Margins as a Robust Prognosis Factor in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Tejada Sonia , Becerra-Castro Maria Victoria , Nuñez-Cordoba Jorge , Díez-Valle Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction The infiltrative margin of glioblastomas (GBM) contains proliferative tumor cells difficult to estimate radiologically as they are included in the hyperintense signal of T2 sequences and they remain in the cavity margin after tumor resection. The amount of these cells could determine overall survival (OS) of these patients.
Material and Methods From October 2007 to January 2010, patients whose MRI were suggestive of newly diagnosed, resectable high-grade glioma were operated using fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Separate samples were selectively taken from nonfluorescent white matter areas just adjacent to the border of the pale fluorescence and staining was made for Ki-67. OS was analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Multivariate analysis included the following prognosis variables: age, extent of resection (EOR), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and performance status index.
Results Sample included 65 patients, comprising 37 men and 28 women, with a median Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of 80 (40–100) and mean age of 60 (34–78) years. Mean preoperative tumor volume was 35.8 mL. EOR was 100% in 52 patients (80%), with the lower EOR being 88%. For Ki-67, 39 patients had <5% and 26 had ≥5%. OS was 26.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.9–28.2) for the Ki-67 low group versus 15.8 months (95% CI: 7.7–18.2) for the Ki-67 high group (p = 0.002).
Conclusion Proliferative activity in the normal-looking brain around the resection cavity measured with Ki-67 immunostaining is an important independent prognostic factor for GBM cases with complete resection of enhancing tumor. When complete resection is not reached, this factor is not relevant for prognosis.
Endonasal Odontoidectomy in Basilar Invagination
Authors: Simal-Julián Juan A. , Miranda-Lloret Pablo , Sanchis-Martín Maria R. , Quiroz Arnold , Botella-Asunción Carlos , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) is emerging as a feasible surgical alternative to conventional microscopic transoral approach. In this article, we show EEO in the basilar invagination (BI) and describe in detail the technical aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of this approach (Fig. 1).
Methods We describe EEO using audiovisual material from the neurosurgical department of Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Valencia database.
Results We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with BI. Initially, we performed suboccipital decompression and occipitocervical fusion. Subsequently, after a no significant neurological improvement and persistent anterior compression, EEO was performed. The postoperative evolution was uneventful and the preoperative neurological deficits were recovered rapidly after surgery
Discussion EEO technique enables complete odontoid resection, preventing invasion of aggressive oral bacterial flora, and it is not limited by the mouth opening. As well, it avoids manipulation of the soft palate, therefore evades the risk of velopalatal insufficiency, facilitates immediate oral tolerance, and early extubation. The rostral position of C1–C2 complex in BI could suppose a great advantage in favor the endonasal approaches. Mucoperichondrial vascularized flaps could be obtained to avoid a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and facilitate the reepithelization process of the surgical bed.
Conclusion EEO may provide a significant anatomic and technical advantage over the trans-oral approach.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Td6MDcjCNKk.
Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Leviner Dror B. , Zafrir Barak , Jaffe Ronen , Saliba Walid , Flugelman Moshe Y. , Sharoni Erez 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Risk factors control and secondary prevention measures are often reported to be suboptimal in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may lead to worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine potentially modifiable risk factors in patients undergoing CABG and investigate their association with long-term coronary events.
Methods Cardiovascular risk factors were recorded preoperatively in the setting of a cardiac catheterization laboratory and were analyzed in relation to long-term coronary events, defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or revascularization after CABG.
Results Study population included 1,125 patients undergoing CABG without previous revascularization. Modifiable risk factors included hypertension (71%), hyperlipidemia (67%), diabetes (42%), obesity (28%), and smoking (21%). Only 8% did not have any of the five risk factors. During the mean follow-up of 93 ± 52 months after CABG, 179 patients (16%) experienced a coronary event. Incidence rates were higher in patients with than without the presence of each of the modifiable risk factors, except obesity. Active smoking (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.07–2.13); p = 0.020), presence of diabetes (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.18–2.18; p = 0.002), and hyperlipidemia (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.45–3.14; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of future coronary events after CABG; they also displayed a progressive stepwise increment in the risk of long-term coronary events when cumulatively present.
Conclusions In patients undergoing CABG, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, as documented preoperatively, were potentially modifiable risk factors that were independently and cumulatively associated with long-term risk of ACS or coronary revascularization, highlighting the importance of early identification and risk factors control for improving cardiovascular health after CABG.