bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials
Authors: Nicholson John W 
Published: May 2020

With synthetic implants such as hip joints, heart valves and dental crowns now routinely used in the human body for medical purposes, study of the metals, ceramics and polymers used in these repairs is more important than ever. The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials examines the properties and interactions of these materials within the body at a molecular level, and includes discussion of bioengineering and cell biology, with accounts of the surgical procedures used, as well as extensive coverage of the possible biological reactions to the presence of foreign materials in the body.
Acknowledging the substantial growth of the biomaterials field since the first edition, this second edition sees each chapter comprehensively revised and updated. The new edition also includes a new chapter on ethical perspectives, covering issues from animal and human subject testing to the availability of treatments for poorer socio-economic groups.
With detailed reviews of the current literature, this book will be a key resource for researchers and practitioners in biomaterials science and dental biomaterials who are involved in the development of new and improved repair materials.
Effect of hnRNPA2/B1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells via the regulation of AKT and STAT3 pathways
Authors: Yin Decheng , Kong Chengxiang , Chen Muhu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the human central nervous system. Although heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) was previously presumed to be a tumor-promoting gene, the relationship between hnRNPA2/B1 and glioma is unclear. Targeting hnRNPA2/B1 interference in glioma cells can significantly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 suppressed tumor growth in glioma cells in vivo. In terms of a mechanism, the knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 led to inactivation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately reduced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CyclinD1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Collectively, these data suggest that the inhibition of hnRNPA2/B1 can reduce the growth of gliomas through STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways, and this inhibition is expected to be a therapeutic target for gliomas.
Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Diagnostik im Kopf/Halsbereich: Indikation und aktuelle Untersuchungsprotokolle
Authors: Baqué Pia-Elisabeth , Miederer Matthias 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie ist ein wichtiges Staging-Instrument für Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs und wird in vielen spezialisierten Zentren bereits erfolgreich durchgeführt. Der Nachweis bzw. Ausschluss von okkulten zervikalen Lymphknotenmetastasen ist für die Patienten von erheblicher Bedeutung, da hierdurch das operative Konzept entscheidend beeinflusst wird. Der nachfolgende Beitrag möchte einen Überblick über die Methode und eine praktische Handlungsanleitung zur Durchführung der nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchung geben, unter Berücksichtigung der aktuell gültigen Leitlinien 4
16
23.
Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei Lupusnephritis
Authors: Weiner Stefan Markus , Waldherr Rüdiger 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungBei systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) findet sich häufig eine renale Mitbeteiligung, der verschiedene pathogenetische Mechanismen zugrunde liegen. Die Nierenbeteiligung hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Prognose des SLE, insbesondere bei progredienter Niereninsuffizienz. Eine Nierenbiopsie ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Nierenbeteiligung und der damit verbundenen therapeutischen Konsequenzen unabdingbar. Sie kann durch nicht-invasive Untersuchungen wie die Urindiagnostik oder Serologie nicht ersetzt werden, da das Ausmaß der Proteinurie oder der Mikrohämaturie keine sicheren Rückschlüsse auf den Schweregrad, die Pathogenese und die Prognose der Nierenbeteiligung erlauben. Die Nierenbiopsie gibt neben der korrekten Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis (LN) Informationen über die Mitbeteiligung des Niereninterstitium, der intrarenalen Gefäße und der Aktivität sowie Chronizität der Nephritis. Auch kann der Pathologe die Frage beantworten, inwieweit mit einer Besserung der Nierenfunktion unter Therapie gerechnet werden kann. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei SLE, der revidierten Klassifikation der LN von 2018 einschließlich Sonderformen der LN und über die Implikationen des Biopsie-Ergebnisses für die Therapie.
Maternal Serum Haptoglobin Levels as a Marker of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Buyuk Gul Nihal , Oskovi-Kaplan Z.Asli , Durukan Huseyin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of maternal serum haptoglobin levels in patients presenting with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM) during the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods In this case control study, 60 patients were recruited (30 pregnant women with PPROM between 26–34 weeks of gestation and 30 healthy, gestational-age-matched pregnant women without PPROM). White blood cell count (WBC), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), sedimentation rate, and haptoglobin levels were measured.Results The mean age, gestational week, gravida, and parity of the 2 groups were statistically comparable (P>0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of haptoglobin values (p<0.001). The mean haptoglobin level was 115.5+33.1(mg/dl) in the PPROM group and 66.5+42.6 (mg/dl) in the control group. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine whether the level of haptoglobin alone could diagnose PPROM as an independent marker. It was shown that the level of 94.5 mg/dL for haptoglobin could indicate the diagnosis of PPROM with 80% sensitivity and specificityConclusion Maternal serum haptoglobin levels may be a diagnostic marker for suspected PPROM cases when membrane rupture diagnosis is not accurate based on physical examination and other diagnostic tests.
Barbed Sutures in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials
Authors: Sun Changjiao , Chen Lianxu , Du Ruiyong , Wu Sha , Ma Qi , Cai Xu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNewer methods of wound closure such as barbed sutures hold the potential to reduce closure time and equivalent wound complications in various surgeries. However, few studies have compared barbed suture and conventional wound closure techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this review was to appraise the efficacy and safety of the barbed suture in closure of TKA. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify relevant randomized-controlled trials involving barbed sutures and conventional sutures in TKA in electronic databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, Highwire, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, up to August 2019. Finally, we identified 1,472 TKAs (1,270 patients) assessed in 13 randomized-controlled trials. Compared with conventional wound closure techniques, barbed sutures resulted in shorter total wound closure time (p < 0.001), fewer needle puncture injuries to members of the surgical team (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in terms of blister formation (p = 1.0), superficial infection (p = 0.82), range of motion (p = 0.94), incisional exudate (p = 0.75), suture abscess (p = 0.26), or suture breakage (p = 0.11), wound-related complications (p = 0.10), ecchymosis (p = 0.08) between barbed and conventional wound closure. Based on the available level I evidence, we thus conclude that a knotless barbed suture is a safe and effective approach for wound closure in TKA. Given the relevant possible biases in our meta-analysis, more adequately powered and better-designed randomized-controlled trials studies with long-term follow-up are required to recommend barbed sutures for routine administration in TKA.
Selective AhR knockout in langerin-expressing cells abates Langerhans cells and polarizes Th2/Tr1 in epicutaneous protein sensitization
Authors: Hong Chien-Hui , Lin Shang-Hung , Clausen Björn E. , Lee Chih-Hung 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceAhR, which is expressed in many epithelial, mucosal, and immune cells, represents a vital cellular sensor of environmental factors. Immune regulation by AhR can be cell, tissue, and ligand specific. Langerhans cells (LC), professional antigen presenting cells in the epidermis, govern the immunological barrier against environmental threats. How the AhR in LC regulates epicutaneous immune responses remains unclear. Experimenting with Langerin-specific AhR−/−mice, we discovered that AhR-deficient epidermal LC were reduced in number and, following epicutaneous protein (Ova) immunization, promoted T helper type-2 (Th2) and T regulatory type-1 (Tr1) responses, leading to increased Ova-specific IgE in the blood. Thus, AhR represents a critical sensor regulating LC activation and LC-mediated T cell polarization.
FcRn, but not FcγRs, drives maternal-fetal transplacental transport of human IgG antibodies
Authors: Borghi Sara , Bournazos Stylianos , Thulin Natalie K. , Li Chao , Gajewski Anna , Sherwood Robert W. , Zhang Sheng , Harris Eva , Jagannathan Prasanna , Wang Lai-Xi , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Wang Taia T. 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceTransport of IgG antibodies from the maternal to the fetal circulation is a key process for neonatal immunity, as neonates cannot sufficiently generate IgG antibodies to reach protective levels during the first months after birth. In humans and other primates, maternal to fetal transport of IgG antibodies is largely mediated through the placental tissue. FcRn has been previously identified as the major driver of IgG transplacental transport. Here we examine whether other receptors, such as FcγRs, also contribute to the maternal-fetal IgG transfer. By characterizing the Fc domain structure of paired maternal-fetal IgG samples and modeling transplacental IgG transport in genetically engineered mouse strains, we determined that FcRn, but not FcγRs, is the major receptor that mediates transplacental IgG transport.
Reported thought, narrative positioning,
and emotional expression in Japanese public
speaking narratives
Authors: Dunn Cynthia D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Scholarship on oral
narrative has drawn attention to how narrators
position themselves both as characters within the
narrative and as narrators in relation to an
audience. This chapter examines how reported
thought is used in Japanese narratives to shift
frames between a narrating voice (anchored in the
current situation) and a narrated voice (anchored
within the story world). Functions of reported
thought include: drawing contrasts between what
was thought and what was (not) said; creation of a
vivid, emotional narrative through the enactment
of inner speech; and allowing speakers to perform
speech acts while partially escaping
responsibility for their illocutionary force.
Reported thought allows narrators to momentarily
shift footing without challenging genre
conventions or established social roles and
relationships.
Creating interactional bonds during
theatrical rehearsals
Authors: Lefebvre Augustin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The process of embodying a
theatrical script for organizing the performance
of an interaction among fictional characters and
displaying interactional bonds on stage depends on
the way the participants (the director and the
actors) interpret the script.
Interpreting the script means for them that each
line of the script becomes an underlying pattern
to which extra elements (embodied behaviors,
broader contextual elements) can be connected in
order to build the multimodal performances of
interactional bonds. In this paper I focus on how
participants build two different interpretations
of the same segment of the script, building two
kinds of interactional bonds among addressed and
un-addressed recipients. The goal of this paper is
to understand how the actors embody the
script and create the performance
of interactional bonds by relying on the
script as an underlying pattern.
Fruit supplementation reduces indices of exercise‐induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Doma Kenji , Gahreman Daniel , Connor Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effects of fruit supplements on indices of muscle damage and physical performance measures following muscle‐damaging exercise protocols. The PEDro scale and Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used to critically appraise each study, whilst forest plots were generated to report on standardised mean differences (SMD) and p‐values. The studies employed a crossover‐randomised design, or a randomised controlled placebo design, with measures compared between the supplement (SUPP) and placebo (PLA) conditions at 24 and 48 h following the muscle‐damaging exercise protocols. Compared to the PLA condition, the SUPP condition exhibited significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (p = 0.02; I2 = 44%), inflammatory markers (p = 0.03; I2 = 45%) and oxidative stress (p < 0.001; I2 = 58%), whilst antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (p = 0.04; I2 = 82%) at 24 h post‐exercise. The maximal isometric voluntary contraction was significantly greater for the SUPP condition than the PLA at 24 h (p < 0.001; I2 = 81%) and 48 h (p < 0.001; 84%) post‐exercise. Only a few studies reported on functional outcome measures (i.e. countermovement jump, cycling, sprint and running maximal oxygen uptake), and the findings appeared conflicting according to qualitative analyses. Fruit supplementation minimised the level of several biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress, whilst improved muscular contractility during periods of EIMD. These findings demonstrate that fruit supplements could be used as recovery strategies from strenuous exercise sessions.
The effect of the ozone and the biological preparation Biofit-3 treatment on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms of wheat during storage
Authors: Avdeeva V N , Bezgina J A , Starodubtseva G P , Zorina E B , Logacheva E A , Maslova L F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Today, wheat is one of the most common cereal crops in the world. In order for the grain to retain its qualities well, its storage conditions must be unfavorable for both insects and microorganisms. Scientists are engaged in this problem in Europe, in the United States of America, in Russia. For a number of years, Stavropol State Agrarian University has been conducting research on the effects of the Biofit-3 biological product on pathogenic microflora formed on wheat grain. Disinfection of grain by a biological preparation was carried out in the following sequence: the biological preparation was thoroughly agitated until the precipitate was dissolved; working solutions were prepared with the optimum concentration by diluting the preparation with distilled water. The solution of the biological product was evenly distributed in the mass of grain with the help of a dosing pump. Also, the experiments were conducted on the combined effects of the biological product with ozone. As a result of the experiments, the effect of the Biofit-3 preparation in combination with ozone on the suppression of the colonies of the Rhizopus, Aspergilus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria fungi in the wheat grain was found out. The article presents the optimal modes of disinfection of wheat and grain mixtures with the preparation Biofit-3 in combination with ozone.
Impact of technological scheme of apple tree cultivation on fractional content of pectin substances
Authors: Donchenko L V , Doroshenko T N , Krasnoselova E A , Konuhova E V , Petrik G F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The trend of the modern society is to consume ecologically safe products or products with improved ecological properties. The article reviews some advantages and disadvantages of intensive and organic horticulture systems. It shows feasibility of an integrated system development. The object of the research is Prima apple cultivar, treated with the growth regulators such as foliton, vermicoffe, potassium, melafen and mettalocen. The article describes impact of growth regulators on the fractional composition of pectin substances. It proves that treatment of apple trees with potassium increases the weight fraction of soluble pectin while treatment with melafen and metallocen increases proto pectin content. Taking into account chemistry of pectin substances, fractional composition changes under different factors may be explained with structural changes of homogalaturonan and rhamnogalactoronan -1. The obtained experimental results have led to the conclusion that it is reasonable to use apples from trees that have been treated with melafen and metallocen for dry pectin production while those that have been treated with potassium should be used for pectin extracts. So, the obtained data showed the viability of the studied cultivation schemes in commercial apple orchards for organizing production of pectin and pectin-containing food products with improved ecological properties.
Uninterruptible power supply for renewable energy sources
Authors: Grigorash O V , Popov A Y , Vorobev E V , Ivanovsky O Y , Tuaev A S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Scientific and technological advance results in a constantly increasing number of first category customers that in the event of input power failures can entail significant economic losses. A promising direction is the development of uninterruptible power systems that rely on renewable energy sources and, above all, photovoltaic arrays and wind power turbines. If energy customers are located near foothill and mountain rivers, it seems economically viable to apply mini or micro-hydro power plants. The paper examines different approaches to UPS topology based on renewable energy sources. Besides renewable energy sources, power supply encompasses some traditional autonomous sources including diesel, gas piston or gas power plants. In addition, the systems provide inputs for connecting an external power system. The paper shows that agrarian production finds it relevant to develop mobile uninterruptible power systems. The authors propose some modes of operation that improve the economic performance of uninterruptible power supply by using rechargeable batteries solely during power conversion from one power source to another. The paper contains proposals developed to improve operational and technical features of uninterruptible power systems through a new topology, modular character of main functional elements and optimization of system structure.
Mathematical modeling to determine a radius for a watering-place used by flocks of sheep in distant arid grazing lands
Authors: Gumarov G S , Konovalov V V , Mendalieva S I , Rakhimov A A , Jaschin A V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper introduces a computer-based methodology, the aim of which is to determine a watering-place radius for flocks of sheep grazing in distant pasture lands within the arid ecosystem. All calculations leading to the quantitative values are performed through mathematical modeling which is the base of the methodology we propose. The mathematical modeling is performed through some analytical method including the sequential parameters calculation with mathematical formulas. The object was theoretically described, an algorithm was compiled in the form of a block diagram, and a computer program SUARU in the QBASIC language was developed. A series of computational experiments was carried out, aimed at analyzing, interpreting and comparing the analytical modeling outcomes. At the same time, graphical dependencies are presented to show clearly the dependence between the calculation results and the source data. The calculation methodology allows modeling the object of study depending on various values of significant parameters and applying it in practice by drawing up appropriate recommendations for farms which deal with sheep breeding when grazing lands of the arid ecosystems are used.
Calculating the first eigenvalues of the spectral problem in the theory of hydrodynamic stability by Orr-Sommerfeld
Authors: Kadchenko S I , Ryazanova L S , Torchina O A , Moskvina E A , Tsaran A A , Berlina A V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The difficulties arising in the linear theory of viscous fluid flow stability are to a great extent connected with the mathematical problems of finding eigenvalues of non-self-conjugated differential operators. Finding the eigenvalues of the Orr-Sommerfeld spectral problem is a difficult problem of computational mathematics. The methodology of applying the method of regularized traces for finding eigenvalues of the classical spectral problem of the Orr-Sommerfeld hydrodynamic stability theory is considered in this paper. A new method for approximate computation of the first eigenvalues of spectral problems generated by discrete semi-limited operators has been developed. This method is not iterative in contrast to the known numerical methods for finding eigenvalues of operators. New estimates of the regularized traces of the discrete operator have been obtained in this work. The formulas by which it is possible to calculate the corrections of the necessary order perturbation theory have been found. The computational experiment to calculate the first eigenvalues of the Orr-Sommerfeld spectral problem has been performed.
Improving the algorithms for measuring sensor parameters to determine the moisture content of dry and liquid agricultural products
Authors: Vorotnikov I N , Mastepanenko M A , Gabrielyan Sh Zh , Mishukov S V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article describes the result of algorithms studies for measuring sensor parameters to determine the moisture content of dry and liquid agricultural products. Measuring circuits are given and an algorithm for determining the moisture and impurities of agricultural products based on measuring the parameters of multi-element two-terminal devices in steady and transient modes is described in detail.
Modeling of physical and chemical processes in the electrical activator of water solutions
Authors: Oskin S V , Oskina A S , Tsokur D S , Voloshin S P , Shaforostov V D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Agriculture needs new types of drugs to combat harmful microorganisms, the introduction of which will reduce the ingress of unnecessary chemical compounds into products. It is necessary to use anolytes more widely as alternative means of disinfection. The use of anolytes in various fields of industries has proven their high effectiveness and harmlessness. However, the production of anolyte is a complex electrochemical process, which results in a mixture of the necessary metastable elements. To obtain an anolyte with the required set of properties, it is necessary to study the physical and chemical processes of the activator in detail. The article proposes to use Comsol software for these studies. As a result of the modeling, the characteristics of changes in the concentrations of individual chemical elements over time and the main physical dependences of the activator itself were obtained. The analysis of changes in concentrations of chemical compounds confirmed the adequacy of mathematical models. There were installed points on electrodes with significant density of currents. Studies of changes in the hydrogen index and temperature allow you to set the required operating time of the activator. Analysis of concentrations of chlorine-containing compounds proves the difficulty of determining the rates of formation of individual chemical formations and their instability. On the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to recommend the mode of operation of the electrical activator depending on the properties of the source water and the requirements to the resulting solution.