bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracción de nutrimentos del suelo y composición de la materia seca en la plantilla y el primer retoño del banano Grand Nain en un Ultisol
Authors: Héber Irizarry  , Edmundo Rivera  , José Rodríguez  
Published: October 2020

Se determinó, mediante muestreos bimensuales, la extracción de nutrimentos y la producción de materia seca del banano Grand Nain sembrado en un suelo rojo y arcilloso de la Subestación de Corozal durante dos ciclos de producción. El ciclo de siembra a cosecha de la plantilla duró 12 meses y el del retoño 10 meses adicionales. La extracción total de N, K y Ca aumentó según las plantas crecían, mientras que P y Mg se mantuvieron bajos y poco variables todo el tiempo. Los niveles nutricionales de N, P, K y Mg disminuyeron en los diferentes tejidos del banano según las plantas se desarrollaban. Por el contrario, el nivel de Ca aumentó o se mantuvo constante según las plantas envejecían. Los niveles más altos de N, P, Ca y Mg se diagnosticaron en la lámina de la hoja, mientras que el valor más alto de K se detectó en el seudotallo en todas las edades de la planta. El consumo medio del banano Grand Nain fue de 276, 23, 711, 152 y 54 kg ./ha. y cosecha de N, P, K, Ca y Mg, respectivamente. La acumulación y concentración de materia seca también aumentaron según las plantas se desarrollaban hasta llegar a una producción media de 27,447 kg./ha. y ciclo al tiempo de la cosecha. Un 52% de la materia seca total, la cual contenía 123, 13, 263, 13 y 16 kg./ha. de N, P, K, Ca y Mg, respectivamente, se sacó de la plantación al cosechar los racimos. Los restantes nutrimentos se trasladaron al hijuelo del retoño o devolvieron al suelo en los residuos de la cosecha. Los cálculos basados en estos datos, en la capacidad de los suelos Ultisol y Oxisol de la zona montañosa para suplir nutrimentos y en las pérdidas causadas por escorrentía y lixiviación cuando los nutrimentos se aplican como abonos señalan que para conseguir rendimientos óptimos hay que aplicar fertilizantes que suplan alrededor de 392, 64, 970 y 65 kg./ha. de N, P2O5, K2O y MgO, respectivamente, para la cosecha de plantilla y 226 kg./ha. de N, 47 kg./ha. de P2O5, 629 kg./ha. de K2O y 58 kg./ha. de MgO para los retoños. Estos nutrimentos los pueden suplir 3,250 kg./ha. de un abono 12-2-30-3, ó una fórmula similar, en la plantilla y 2,200 kg./ha. en los retoños. La plantilla debe abonarse a los 2, 5, 8 y 10 meses aproximadamente con 650, 812, 1,138 y 650 kg./ha., respectivamente. Debe empezarse a abonar el retoño en el apogeo de la cosecha de la plantilla, y debe repetirse cada 3 meses a razón de 730 kg./ha y aplicación.
Efecto del nematicida-insecticida Oxamyl L en aspersión del suelo, inmersión de la semilla y del tratamiento del suelo con Phenamiphos 15 G en ñame (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)
Authors: Domingo Oramas  , José Rodríguez  , Angel L. González  
Published: October 2020

Se establecieron dos ensayos de campo en dos sitios de Puerto Rico (Utuado y Corozal) para evaluar la eficacia de la aspersion al suelo y la inmersion de la semilla del nematicida-insecticida Oxamyil L y el tratamiento al suelo con Phenamiphos 15G en la represión del nematodo, Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmermann) Filip. Schuur-Stekh y del gusano blanco, Diaprepes abbreviates (L) en ñame (Dioscorea rotundata Poir). Las aspersiones al suelo con Oxamyl L se dirigieron a la base de la planta con un dosificador automático de 20 ml. comúnmente llamado "pistola." En Utuado, dos dosis de Oxamyl L, 0.3 ml. (7,410 µg p. a./ml.) y 0.6 ml. (15,297 µg p. a./ml.) por planta aplicado cada 2 meses, se evaluaron solos y en combinación con la inmersión de semilla en 2,400 p./m. p. a. de Oxamyl L por 15 min. Tambien la inmersión de semilla se evaluó al combinarse con aspersiones foliares de Oxamyl L (4.68 l./ha. cada 15 y 60 días). En Corozal se evaluó la aspersión al suelo de Oxamyl (0.6 y 0.9 ml. p.a./planta cada 2 meses), 0.3 y 0.6 ml. p.a./planta aplicado cada 2 meses combinado con inmersion de la semilla (2,400 p./.m. p. a./15 min.), aspersión foliar a razón de 4.68 l./ha./15 días y tratamientos al suelo con Phenamiphos 15G (0.64, 0.93 y 1.27 g./planta). Al momento de la cosecha los tubérculos se agruparon en categorías de calidad según el grado de pudrición seca causado a la corteza por P. coffeae: alta (0-25%), intermedia (26-50%) y pobre (51-100%); y a base de las perforaciones hechas por la larva de D. abbreviates en las categorías vendibles (tubérculos de alfa y mediana calidad sin barrenos) y barrenado (tubérculos con 1 ó más perforaciones). En ambos sitios se lograron aumentos significativos (P = 0.01) sobre el testigo en el rendimiento de ñames de alta calidad. En Utuado se obtuvieron los rendimientos más altos con 0.3 ml./planta combinado con inmersión de la semilla y con 0.6 ml./planta sin inmersión de la semilla. Las aspersiones de Oxamyl L al suelo (0.3 y 0.6 ml./planta cada 2 meses) no redujeron significativamente el daño causado al tubérculo por la larva de D. abbreviates. Los tratamientos comparables aplicados al follaje tampoco redujeron significativamente el daño causado por la larva. En Corozal se demostró que un aumento en la dosis de 0.6 a 0.9 ml. por planta no aumentó significativamente la calidad ni el rendimiento del ñame. La incidencia del gusano blanco fue bien baja en el ensayo de Corozal.
Supplemental concentrates with four levels of crude protein for grazing Dairy Cows
Authors: Randel Paul F. 
Published: October 2020

Four treatments (T1 through T4), based on pelleted concentrates varying in as fed crude protein (CP) contents (10.8, 12.2, 13.4, and 15.3%, respectively), but theoretically isocaloric (1.67-1.70 Mcal net energy/kg), were compared for efficacy as pasture supplements. Eighteen multiparous cows began the experiment individually not later than 8 weeks postpartum. Five were assigned to T1 and T3 and four to T2 and T4. Daily concentrate allowances were according to milk production, but 4.5 kg was set as the arbitrary minimum. Nocturnal rotational grazing was in 12 0.5-ha paddocks of little fertilized, heterogeneous, gramineous swards, which fluctuated in quality from adequate to marginal during 11 1/2 months of experimentation. Cows assigned to the four treatments in order produced 21.3 ± 3.0, 22.5 ± 4.4, 20.3 ± 2.5, and 20.4 ± 4.5 kg of milk daily during the 5 days before commencing the experiment, and 14.4 ± 1.2, 16.8 ± 3.9, 15.2 ± 2.4 and 14.2 ± 2.4 kg during the 32 weeks of experimentation. Although treatments did not differ significantly (P>.05) over-all, T1 dropped in daily production by 2.7 kg during the initial 4-week interval and persistency decreased in high-producing cows; T2 also caused a large early decline in production, but superior persistency thereafter. Mean milk fat percentages were 2.78 ± .49, 2.68 ± .44, 2.88 ± .33, and 3.17 ± .37 for 7, through T4. Early depression of milk fat was probably due to high concentrate and inadequate fiber intakes. Concentrate intake ranged from 5.82 kg in T4 to 7.1 0 kg in T2 over 32 weeks; milk/concentrate ratio ranged from 2.33 in T3 to 2.45 in T4. Only in T1 was appreciable liveweight (20 kg) temporarily lost early in the experiment. Concentrates containing 13 to 14% CP can be tentatively recommended as supplements to pastures of adequate quality, when fed to meet energy requirements of cows producing up to at least 20 kg of milk daily.
Mancha bacteriana del pimiento causada por Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, raza 2, en la costa sur de Puerto Rico
Authors: Mildred Zapata  
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la incidencia y sintomatología de la mancha bacteriana del pimiento. Capsicum annuum, y se identificó la raza 2 de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) en plantaciones afectadas a nivel comercial y experimental en Juana Díaz, Salinas y Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. En las siembras comerciales el híbrido Key Largo mostró mayor susceptibilidad que el pimiento morrón bajo iguales condiciones de siembra en las tres localidades. En las siembras experimentales las introducciones de pimiento mostraron reacciones que variaron desde resistentes a susceptibles. Xcv se aisló de tejidos cuyos síntomas vanaron desde lesiones necróticas con halos cloróticos, pústulas elevadas (abiertas o expuestas), cancros elevados con márgenes cloróticos, cancros elevados con bordes necróticos y edema progresivo. Los aislamientos de Xcv coleccionados de los diferentes focos de infección se inocularon en plantas diferenciales derivadas de cruces con otras fuentes de resistencia y la línea susceptible Early Cal Wonder (ECW). Las reacciones a Xcv en los diferenciales ECW-10R, ECW-20R y ECW-30R portadores de los genes de resistencia Bs1, Bs2 y Bs3, respectivamente, mostraron que todos los aislamientos de Xcv estudiados originados de tejidos de pimiento con síntomas diferentes en la costa sur de Puerto Rico pertenecen a la raza 2 de Xcv.
Chloride uptake by tropical forage grasses in two soils of Puerto Rico.
Authors: Sotomayor-Ramírez David , Moyá Jaime 
Published: October 2020

An experiment was conducted on two dairy farms in Puerto Rico (Gurabo and Cidra) from September 1998 to July 1999 with the objective of quantifying chloride (Cl-) concentrations and uptake in grazed forage, Aif plots were fertilized with the equivalent amount of 330,110, and 220 kg/ha/yr (N, P205, K20) and the treatments consisted of four Cl- levels (0, 82,164, and 328 kg/ha/yr) split in four applications. Forage was harvested every 28 days during the seven-month experiment. Plant Cl- concentrations were determined by means of a potentiometric titration in the laboratory. Yields (fresh and dry weight) were not significantly affected by Cl- levels, which suggests that background soil concentrations were sufficiently high so as not to limit plant growth. Mean monthly Cl- concentrations in forage tissue were significantly affected by Cl- levels, increasing from 0.79 to 0.82% in Cidra and from 0.68 to 0.96% in Gurabo. Cumulative Cl- uptake by forage in the sevenmonth study period for the highest Cl- treatment was 124 and 161 kg/ha in Cidra and Gurabo, respectively. Our data suggest that excess Cl- in milk does not necessarily originate from Cl-containing fertilizer. Estimated CI consumption by dairy cows consuming tropical forages and concentrate is higher than that suggested by the U.S. National Research Council.
ASPECTOS DA HISTÓRIA DO ENSINO DE LITERATURA NOS PERIÓDICOS ACADÊMICOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Annibal Sérgio Fabiano , Da Silva Gabriel Bosco Vaz 
Published: October 2020

Apresentamos resultados do mapeamento de artigos que tratam das tendências do ensino de literatura nas revistas Educação e pesquisa e Leitura: teoria e prática, no período de 1997 a 2016. Estabelecemos categorias para localizar melhor essas tendências, além de apontar teóricos com mais recorrência em cada uma dessas três categorias. Utilizamos abordagem qualitativa por meio de Análise Documental. Notamos predomínio de publicações sobre o tema no Sudeste/Exterior; em menor número no Centro Oeste e Sul. Finalmente, visualizamos as tendências nas movimentações do campo da Educação e das Letras, no que tange ao ensino de literatura e à formação de professores.
Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Ensino de literatura. Campo educacional.
Enzymes associated with anti-inflammatory potentialities of purified terpenoid extracts from the selected sea weeds
Authors: S Sumayya S , S Lubaina A , K Murugan 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Macrophages are phagocytic WBCs involved in the immune defense and will be activated during inflammatory disorders. The synthesis of cytokines and mediators, particularly nitric oxide (NO) is triggered by the macrophage activator. NO induces many biological events. Therefore, NO regulation is proven to be potential for exploring anti-inflammatory drugs. Aim: The anti-inflammatory action of the purified terpenoid extracts from red algae such as Hypnea musciformis, Gracilaria dura and Kappaphycus alvarezii on LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase inhibitory effects were evaluated. Methods: The methanolic extract of the sea weeds were subjected to silica gel column chromatography and the fraction was further subjected to GC-MS analysis. Then, the potentiality of the purified terpenoid extracts to inhibit various inflammation causing enzymes such as COX, LOX, hyaluronidase, xanthineoxidase and myeloperoxidase were carried out. Findings: The terpenoid extracts reduced the enzyme activities in a dose dependent manner as compared to control group. The extracts inhibited xanthine oxidase activity effectively at 250 µg/ml i.e., a maximum inhibitory activity of 62.1% as compared to the standard drug, allopurinol. The extract significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity, with highest inhibitory activity at 100 µg/ml. The nitric acid synthesis was reduced to 8.5 µM by Hypnea musciformis. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the purified terpenoid extracts from H. musciformis exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities followed by G. dura and K. alvarezii via regulating the anti-inflammatory enzymes. These findings provide justification for the traditional use of the red algae in inflammatory conditions.
TAMING PLATFORM CAPITALISM: STRUGGLES FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH MEET STRUGGLES FROM THE GLOBAL NORTH
Authors: Arriagada Arturo , Graham Mark , Huws Ursula , Srinivasan Janaki , Bonhomme Macarena , Taduri Pradyumna , Ustek-Spilda Funda , Ferrari Fabian , Bertolini Alessio , Badger Adam 
Published: October 2020

This panel brings together scholars whose work seeks to tame platform capitalism understanding how the lives of platform workers are affected by digital platforms. Research on platform labor has been mostly done in the global north, as well as in relation to global platforms like Uber or Amazon (Rosenblat 2019; Scholz 2016). Thus, the panelists, moreover, explore how the lives of platform workers can be improved within the global platform economy by analyzing workers’ subjectivities in relation to platforms and the impact of technologies in job quality. To achieve this, this panel brings together scholars from global north and south countries that will map the complexities and subjectivities of platform workers in order to tame platform capitalism. We present a set of articles that address: (1) regulatory resistance that clarifies and redefines the rules that platforms need to abide by; (2) bottom-up resistance of platform workers who seek to organize, subvert, and build alternatives; (3) the ways that action research can support either of those initiatives to ultimately tame some of the worst excesses of platform capitalism.
El discurso normativo “sobre” y “para” las doctrinas de indios: la construcción de la identidad católica en el indígena colonial del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1556-1606)
Authors: Marin Tamayo John Jairo 
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo pretende demostrar en qué medida el discurso normativo “sobre” y “para” las doctrinas de indios contribuyó a la construcción de la identidad católica del indígena colonial. La respuesta a dicha pregunta se establece a partir del análisis del discurso contendo de las constituciones del sínodo convocado por fray Juan de los Barrios en 1556 y del catecismo de fray Luis Zapata de Cárdenas, publicado en 1576. Dicho análisis ha permitido determinar la función de las doctrinas de indios, en la introducción y el fomento de los modelos de significación y de comportamiento que se impusieron a la población indígena. En general, se muestra cómo el discurso sobre el ordenamiento espacial de la doctrina y del lugar de culto, en particular, contribuyeron a la creación de la identidad católica en los indígenas del Nuevo Reino de Granada en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI.
Integration of Traffic Management and an Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate Urban Air Quality
Authors: Younes Mohammad K. , Sulaiman Ghassan , Al-Mashni Ali 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Emissions from motor vehicles are the primary source of air pollution, especially in congested urban centres. However, through effective traffic management, it has been found that the level of pollution can be significantly reduced, facilitating the mobility of urban arterials. This study aims to quantify the extent of traffic emissions and to identify the influence of traffic management to improve air quality and reducing traffic emissions. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model was developed to estimate the extent of traffic emissions (NO2 and PM10) at certain intersections. Then, a traffic management simulation software was also used to simulate traffic and to build a traffic improvement scenario at these intersections. This was followed by measuring the improvement in air quality due to traffic management modification, analysed using the developed ANFIS model. The results showed that reducing the delay at certain intersections may reduce NO2 and PM10 significantly. The proposed hybrid model increased the forecasting accuracy and improved the perception between the relationship between traffic characteristics and pollutant emissions. Additionally, it facilitates the work of city planners and helps decision making regarding urban air quality.
Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from a Hen Shed in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Ohtsu Megumi , Miyazaki Akane 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To clarify the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from hen rearing in Japan, we collected air samples from inside a hen shed for the four seasons in 2019 and analyzed 34 VOCs in the air samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The temperature and humidity inside and outside of the shed were monitored simultaneously during each sampling campaign. The average concentrations of VOCs in the shed ranged from 150 to 427 µg m−3, the concentrations being higher in summer and lower in winter. Acetone, dimethyl sulfide, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and acetic acid were dominant throughout all the seasons and these five compounds accounted for 70–89% of the total VOCs. The reactivity of each VOC with hydroxyl radical was also calculated and dimethyl sulfide was found to be the most reactive VOC, accounting for 84–94% of the total hydroxyl radical reactivity. The emission rate (ER) for the total VOCs (µg h−1 kg−1) was 602 in winter, 7,900 in spring, 46,500 in summer and 37,600 in autumn, respectively. Acetone, dimethyl sulfide, 2-butanone, 3-pentanone and acetic acid had higher ERs throughout all the seasons, and these five components accounted for 70–90% of the ERs for the total VOCs. The ERs of the VOCs increased exponentially in accord with temperature increases inside the shed, indicating that the ERs of the VOCs depended on the ambient temperature. The annual VOC emission from one hen and from the hen shed was calculated to be 405 g y−1 and 121 kg y−1, respectively.
Impact Comparison of Synoptic Meteorology and Nationwide/local Emissions on the Seoul Metropolitan Area during High PM Multi-event and Non-event Days
Authors: Park Il-Soo , Park Moon-Soo , Jang Yu Woon , Kim Hyeon-Kook , Song Chang-Keun , Owen Jeffrey S. , Kim Sang-Heon , Cho Chang-Rae , Kim Cheol-Hee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Meteorology and emissions play very important roles in the concentrations of air pollutants during severe haze/smog periods. This study compares the impacts of synoptic meteorology and nationwide/local emissions during high PM10 multi-event and non-event days in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). The multi-event and non-event cases were selected based on daily mean PM10 concentrations in Seoul from January 2014 to March 2019. The multi-event cases in spring and winter were closely associated with weak synoptic winds, while that in autumn was due to the strong winds at the rear side of a strong cold front, which induced the Asian dust event in northeastern China and Korea. The multi-event case in spring was found to be mainly due to series of migratory anticyclones, while winter case was due to the stagnant system after northerly winds. The surrounding low pressure systems as well as high pressure systems could be important to determine whether the synoptic systems would be stagnant or not. The fractional contributions of SMA emissions to the mean PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 24%–35% and 22%–35% for the multi-event cases, respectively. The contributions to the maximum PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were larger than those to the mean concentrations by 16%–23% and 19%–26% for the multi-event cases, respectively.
Analisis Rancangan Aplikasi Assessment Green Building dengan Metode Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Berbasis PHP
Authors: Rifa'ih Rifa'ih , Susetyo Budi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConstruction projects are important sectors that have a major contribution to socio-economic development. On the other hand, construction activities also have a major impact on natural environmental conditions. To overcome this problem, many countries have implemented the concept of sustainable development, one of which is green building. Green building is a concept that seeks to save energy, water and other resources that can be applied to a building. In Indonesia, the concept of green building is widely applied at the planning stage, but expensive costs are an obstacle to assessing the concept. This research was conducted by analyzing the feasibility of evaluating green building designed into information systems. The purpose of this study was to create a green building assessment design with the Greenship Rating Tools standard to simplify the assessment process for new buildings. The research method uses PHP-based Object Oriented Programming (OOP) into an online platform. The results of the analysis of the application design for testing on new building projects reached a value credit with building quality of 62 points or 61.37% gold rank.AbstrakProyek konstruksi merupakan sektor penting yang memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap pembangunan sosio-ekonomi. Di sisi lain, kegiatan konstruksi juga berdampak besar terhadap kondisi lingkungan alami. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, banyak negara telah menerapkan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan salah satunya green building. Green building adalah konsep yang berupaya untuk penghematan energi, air dan sumber daya lainnya yang dapat diterapkan pada suatu bangunan. Di Indonesia konsep green building banyak di terapkan pada tahap perencanaan akan tetapi biaya yang mahal menjadi kendala untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap konsep tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis kelayakan penilaian green building yang di rancang ke dalam sistem informasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menciptakan rancangan penilaian green building dengan standar Greenship Rating Tools untuk mempermudah proses penilaian pada bangunan baru. Metode penelitian menggunakan Object Oriented Programming (OOP) berbasis PHP ke dalam sebuah platform online. Hasil analisis rancangan aplikasi terhadap pengujian pada proyek bangunan baru mencapai kredit nilai dengan kualitas bangunan sebesar 62 poin atau 61,37% peringkat gold.