bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Monoxide Based Flexible Skin Dosimeter for Radiotherapy at Photon Energies
Authors: Yang Seung-Woo , Han Moo-Jae , Park Sung-Kwang , Chung Jin-Beom , Kang Jin-Kyu , Yu To-Sol , Rah jeong-eun , Lee Man-Woo , Kim Jung-Ki , Kim Jin-Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation that can cause various side effects depending on the patient's exposure. In particular, side effects occur in the skin due to its radiation exposure to reach the target volume. Therefore, side effects are reduced by clinical trials using various skin dosimeters such as films and glass detectors to determine the dose exposed to the skin. However, accurately measuring the doses using these dosimeters is challenging due to human curvature. In this study, a flexible skin dosimeter was produced using the photoconductor materials mercury oxide (HgO) and lead oxide (PbO). The performance of the proposed dosimeter was evaluated by measuring reproducibility, linearity, dose rate independency according to dose, and percent depth dose (PDD) at photon energy beam. The results showed that the flexible skin dosimeter using HgO material has high applicability as a skin dosimeter due to its stability compared to PbO. The results provide useful insights for the radiation therapy field, particularly in areas where radiation measurement is difficult, depending on the human curvature. The proposed flexible skin dosimeter could serve in various radiation detection areas as a flexible, functional material
Fracture Heat Map of The Facial Skull Demonstrates a Danger Zone of Concomitant Cervical Spine Injuries
Authors: Bicsák Ákos , Sarge Robert , Müller Oliver , Hassfeld Stefan , Bonitz Lars 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Concomitant maxillofacial and cervical spine injuries occur in 0.8%-12% of the cases. We examined the relation of injury localization and the probability of cervical spine fracture.A retrospective study was conducted on patients that have been treated at Dortmund General Hospital for injuries both to the maxillofacial region and to the cervical spine between January 1st, 2007 and December 31th, 2017. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the correlation of cervical spine injuries with gender, age as well as maxillofacial injury localization.7708 patients were hospitalized with maxillofacial injury, among them 173 were identified with cervical spine injury. The average ages for both genders lie remarkably above the average of all maxillofacial trauma patients (36.2 y.o. in male and 50.9 y.o. in female). In the group of men, most injuries were found between the ages of 50 and 65. Whereas most injuries among women occurred after the age of 80. The relative ratio of cervical spine injuries (CSI) varies between 1.1% and 5.26% of the maxillofacial injuries (MFI), being highest in the soft tissue injury group, patients with forehead fractures (3.12%) and patients with panfacial fractures (2.52%). Further, nasal, Le Fort I and II, zygomatic complex and mandibular condyle fractures are often associated with CSI. Fractures next to the Frankfurt horizontal plane represent 87.7% of all MFI with concomitant CSI. Patients in critical age groups with a high-energy injury are more likely to suffer both, MFI and CSI injuries. Our findings help to avoid missing the diagnosis of cervical spine injury in maxillofacial trauma patients.
Impact of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship Education and Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: AMOFAH KWAKU 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate entrepreneurial intention by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991). We specifically examine the role of gender on entrepreneurial education and role models or parental self-employment, by carrying out a Multi-Group Analysis. We used a web-based questionnaire to collect information from 216 students at a Spanish university. Data are analysed with the help of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) – Partial Least Square (PLS). We conducted a tripartite analysis on Complete, Male, and Female Models. Regarding the Complete and Male Models, all the primary hypotheses were accepted, compared with four for the Female Model. We recommend the institutionalization of traineeship, elective courses, conference and workshops on entrepreneurship to boost the entrepreneurial spirit of students. Though this study has confirmed the applicability of the TPB model to entrepreneurial intention, we did not find a significant relationship between Males and Females about their entrepreneurial intentions for some relationships. But this study suggests that the relationship between PSE and PBC is stronger for Males than Females Our results have implications for entrepreneurship education scholars, program evaluators, and policymakers.
Application of Scheimpflug-Based Biomechanical Analyzer and Tomography in Early Detecting of Subclinical Keratoconus in Chinese Patients
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Yu , Chen Yue-guo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the value of Scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyzer combined with tomography in detecting early keratoconus by distinguishing normal eyes from frank keratoconus (KC) and forme frusta keratoconus (FFKC) eyes in Chinese patients. MethodsThis study included 31 bilateral frank keratoconus patients, 27 unilateral clinical manifest keratoconus patients with very asymmetric eyes, and 79 control subjects with normal corneas. Corneal morphological and biomechanical parameters were measured using the Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany). The diagnostic capacity of computed parameters reflecting corneal biomechanical and morphological traits [including Belin-Ambrósio deviation index (BAD_D), Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) and tomographic and biomechanical index (TBI)] was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared by DeLong test. Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC), the best cutoff values, and Youden index for each parameter were reported. The novel corneal stiffness parameter (Stress-Strain Index or SSI) was also compared between KC, FFKC and normal eyes.ResultsEvery morphological and biomechanical index analyzed in this study was significantly different between KC, FFKC and normal eyes (p=0.000). TBI was most valuable for detecting subclinical keratoconus (FFKC eyes) with an AUC of 0.928 (P=0.000), and any forms of corneal ectasia (FFKC and frank KC eyes) with an AUC of 0.966 (P=0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of TBI for detecting FFKC was 97.5% and 77.8%, for detecting any KC was 97.5% and 89.7%, with a cut-off value of 0.375. Morphological index BAD_D and biomechanical index CBI were also very useful in distinguishing any KC eyes from normal eyes with an AUC of 0.965 and 0.934, respectively. SSI was significantly different between KC, FFKC and normal eyes (P=0.000), indicating an independent decrease in corneal stiffness in KC eyes.Conclusion Combination of Scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyzer and tomography could increase the accuracy of detecting early keratoconus in Chinese patients. TBI was the most valuable index for detecting subclinical keratoconus with high sensitivity and specificity. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical property in refractive surgery candidates is helpful to recognize potential keratoconic eyes and increase surgical safety.
WITHDRAWN: Efficacy of Chitosan/propolis Liquid Extract Emulsion Coating on Refrigerated Storage Quality of Crayfish Meat&nbsp;
Authors: ÇOBAN mehmet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of chitosan-propolis liquid extract coatings on the storage quality of crayfish meat at 4 ºC was studied. With respect to the treatments, chitosan at 2% (w/v) in 1% (v/v) of glycerol is dissolved and then emulsified with propolis liquid extract at 0.3 and 0.6 % (v/v). The control and treated samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH, Thiobarbituric acid, Peroxide value, Total volatile basic nitrogen and K values), microbiological (Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Psychrotrophic bacteria H2S-producing bacteria, Yeasts- Moulds) and sensorial attributes (Odor, Taste, Firmness and Overall acceptance) along storage. Results demonstrate that chitosan coatings containing propolis liquid extract are effective in controlling the growth of bacteria and chemical indices. These results can be beneficial for seafood processing sectors, as well as for food technologists.
Cyclin D3-CDK6&nbsp;Complex Facilitates Tumorigenesis by Regulating the C-Myc/miR-15a/16 Axis in a Feedback Loop in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hong Yeting , He Wei , Zhang Jianbin , Shen Lu , Yu Chong , Yan Liang , Chen Hanxiao , Wu Yanqian , Chen Linjie , Lyu Jianxin , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cyclin D3-CDK6 complex is a component of the core cell cycle machinery that regulates cell proliferation. By using Human Protein Atlas database, a higher expression level of this complex was found in gastric cancer. However, the function of this complex in gastric cancer remain poorly understood. This study aims to determine the expression pattern of this complex in gastric cancer and to investigate its biological role during tumorigenesis.Methods: To demonstrate that Cyclin D3-CDK6 regulate the c-Myc/miR-15a/16 axis in a feedback loop in gastric cancer, a series of methods were conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, EdU assay, ﬂow cytometry, luciferase reporter assay and immunohistochemical staining. SPSS and Graphpad prism software were used for data analysis.Results: In this study, we found that Cyclin D3 and CDK6 were significantly upregulated in gastric cancer and correlated with poorer overall survival. Further study proved that this complex significantly promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and accelerated xenografted tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the molecular mechanisms through which the complex mediated Rb phosphorylation and then promoted c-Myc expression in vitro, we also found c-Myc could suppress miR-15a/16 expression in gastric cancer cell. Finally, we found that miR-15a/16 can simultaneously regulate Cyclin D3 and CDK6 expression as direct target genes.Conclusions: Our findings uncover the Cyclin D3-CDK6/c-Myc/miR-15a/16 feedback loop axis as a pivotal role in the regulation of gastric cancer tumorigenesis, and this regulating axis may provide a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.
A Four-gene Autophagy-related Prognostic Signature and Its Association With Immune Landscape in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Lumeng , Lv Minghe , Li Xuan , Qiao Tiankui , Zhao Kuaile , Deng Jiaying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy against lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the era of immunotherapy, effective biomarkers to better predict outcomes and inform treatment decisions for patients diagnosed with LUSC are urgently needed. We hypothesized that immune contexture of LUSC is potentially dictated by tumor intrinsic events, such as autophagy. Thus, we attempted to construct an autophagy-related risk signature and examine its prediction value for immune phenotype in LUSC.Method: The expression profile of LUSC was obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and the profile of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) was extracted. The survival‑related ARGs (sARGs) was screened out through survival analyses. Random forest was performed to select the sARGs and construct a prognostic risk signature based on these sARGs. The signature was further validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cox regression. GEO dataset was used as an independent testing dataset. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk group based on the risk score. Then, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted between the two groups. The Single-Sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was introduced to quantify the relative infiltration of immune cells. The correlations between risk score and several main immune checkpoints were examined. And the ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate the estimate/immune/stromal scores of the LUSC. Results: Four ARGs (CFLAR, RGS19, PINK1 and CTSD) with the most significant prognostic values were enrolled to construct the risk signature. Patients in high-risk group had better prognosis than the low-risk group (P < 0.0001 in TCGA; P < 0.01 in GEO) and considered as an independent prognosis factor. We also found that high-risk group indicated an immune-suppression status and had higher levels of infiltrating regulatory T cells and macrophages, which are correlated with worse outcome. Besides, risk score showed a significantly positive correlation with the expression of PD-1 and CTLA4, as well as estimate score and immune score.Conclusion: This study established a novel autophagy-related four-gene prognostic risk signature, and the autophagy-related scores are associated with immune landscape of LUSC, with higher score indicating a stronger immune-suppression status.
A Comparative Study of Anxiety in Indonesia and Nepal During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jung Yeseul , Palutturii Sukri , Shin Dong Eun , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Indonesia and Nepal, which are in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region, are the countries with the highest numbers of confirmed cases and deaths since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic outside of the Region of the Americas and the European Region. Since its first confirmed case on March 2nd, Indonesia has reported 100,303 cases and 4,838 deaths as of July 28, which is the highest number of cases in Southeast Asia. As restrictions in response to the pandemic continue, the public’s psychological anxiety is gradually increasing. There were 889 participants (university students and graduate students) living in Indonesia or Nepal (Indonesia: 551 persons; Nepal: 338 persons). An English questionnaire was administered to participants through an online survey using Google. Regarding the factors affecting anxiety, they were “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis,” “risk of getting infected by COVID-19,” “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19,” “national discrimination due to COVID-19,” “chronic disease status,” “experience of purchasing masks,” and “health behaviors” in Indonesia, and “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis,” “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19,” and “depression score” in Nepal. In both countries, significant effects of “trust in hospitals for COVID-19 diagnosis” and “risk of family getting infected by COVID-19” were observed. Therefore, Indonesia and Nepal should implement policies and guidelines to prevent psychological and psychiatric issues in the population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such measures will help to prevent and control the secondary damage caused by the disease.
Searching Optimal Target of Perfusion Pressure for Managing Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: An Analysis of Three Large Open Databases
Authors: Wu Buyun , Peng Yudie , Liu Jin , Li Ting , Liu Kang , Xing Changying , Mao Huijuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal perfusion pressure target for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients remains uncertain. We investigated the association between mean perfusion pressure (MPP) and AKI among critically ill patients and estimated its optimal range.Methods: We analyzed data stored in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) -III, eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD), and MIMIC-IV databases. Critically ill patients receiving invasive measurements of MPP for at least 12 hours within the first 24 hours of ICU stay were included. The exposure of interest was the time-weighted average MPP (TWA-MPP) in the first 24 hours. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI in the next 48 hours. Results: We enrolled 7,992, 8,604, and 6,730 patients from the MIMIC-III, eICU-CRD, and MIMIC-IV databases, respectively. TWA-MPP had higher areas under the curve than mean arterial pressure in predicting AKI in the next 48 hours (0.63 vs 0.57, 0.62 vs 0.58, and 0.64 vs 0.58 in three databases, all p < 0.001). We observed the lowest adjusted risk of AKI when TWA-MPP above 72, 65, and 69 mmHg in the MIMIC-III, eICU-CRD, and MIMIC-IV databases, respectively. Pooled analyses indicated that per 10% increase of proportion of MPP above 65 mmHg was associated with decreased incidence of AKI (adjusted odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval = 0.92–0.94, p < 0.001). Furthermore, pooled analyses showed that the lowest risk of new-onset, persistence, and progression of AKI was estimated when TWA-MPP above 74, 70 and 65 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions: MPP outperformed mean arterial pressure as a perfusion predictor of AKI. MPP of 65 mmHg or higher may be the optimal target for managing AKI in critically ill patients. The target rises to higher when reversing or preventing AKI.
Deploying Machine Learning to Validate Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Mortality risk in 2,022 Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Botella Manuel Ruiz , Matín-Loeches Ignacio , Herrera María Jiménez , Solé-Violan Jordi , Gómez Josep , Bodí María , Trefler Sandra , Papiol Elisabeth , Díaz Emili , Suberviola Borja , Vallverdú Montserrat , Mayor-Vázquez Eric , Moreno Antonio Albaya , Berlanga Alfonso Canabal , Sánchez Miguel , Ortíz María del Valle , Ballesteros Juan Carlos , Iglesias Lorena Martín , Marín-Corral Judith , Ramos Esther López , Valverde Virgina Hidalgo , Tello Loreto Vidaur , Chinesta Susana Sancho , de Molina Francisco Javier González , García Sandra Herrero , Perez Carmen Carolina Sena , Laderas Juan Carlos Pozo , García Raquel Rodríguez , Estella Angel , Ferrer Ricard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The identification of factors associated with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality and derived clinical phenotypes in COVID-19 patients could help for a more tailored approach to clinical decision-making that improves prognostic outcomes. Methods: Prospective, multicenter, observational study of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease and acute respiratory failure admitted from 63 Intensive Care Units(ICU) in Spain. The objective was to analyze patient’s factors associated with mortality risk and utilize a Machine Learning(ML) to derive clinical COVID-19 phenotypes. Patient features including demographics and clinical data at ICU admission were analyzed. Generalized linear models were used to determine ICU morality risk factors. An unsupervised clustering analysis was applied to determine presence of phenotypes. The prognostic models were validated and their performance was measured using accuracy test, sensitivity, specificity and ROC curves. Results: The database included a total of 2,022 patients (mean age 64[IQR5-71] years, 1423(70.4%) male, median APACHE II score (13[IQR10-17]) and SOFA score (5[IQR3-7]) points. The ICU mortality rate was 32.6%. Of the 3 derived phenotypes, the C(severe) phenotype was the most common (857;42.5%) and was characterized by the interplay of older age (>65 years), high severity of illness and a higher likelihood of development shock. The A(mild) phenotype (537;26.7%) included older age (>65 years), fewer abnormal laboratory values and less development of complications and B (moderate) phenotype (623,30.8%) had similar characteristics of A phenotype but were more likely to present shock. Crude ICU mortality was 45.4%, 25.0% and 20.3% for the C, B and A phenotype respectively. The ICU mortality risk factors and model performance differed between whole population and phenotype classifications.Conclusion: The presented ML model identified three clinical phenotypes that significantly correlated with host-response patterns and ICU mortality. Different risk factors across the whole population and clinical phenotypes were observed which may limit the application of a “one-size-fits-all” model in practice. Funding: None
Too Tight or Too Loose? The stringency of Mobility Restriction Policy Response by the Government of Sri Lanka against Covid-19
Authors: Wijesekara N.W.A.N.Y. , Herath H.D.B. , Kodithuwakku K.A.L.C. , Bulathsinghe B.A.M.P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has demanded governments to respond through policy measures on health systems, restriction of community mobility, and economic recovery. Policy measures on mobility included international and local travel restrictions, closure of schools and workplaces, work from home, cancellation or restriction of public gatherings, close of public transport, and stay at home orders. Sri Lanka too has embraced several policy measures restricting community mobility to curtail the outbreak. This paper analyzes the trend of stringency of Covid-19 mobility restriction policy response by the Government of Sri Lanka concerning its epidemiological trend, and with the same patterns observed in selected countries of the world. The Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI), a composite indicator developed by the Oxford Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) group consisting of nine indicators based on publicly available data was used to track the stringency of policy measures related to mobility restrictions in Sri Lanka and the selected other countries. Besides, the daily number of Covid-19 cases in the same countries was analyzed. The results show that Sri Lanka was able to achieve 100% in the GRSI at the early stages of the outbreak, and most clusters it faced were curtailed under considerable high GRSI levels. GRSI values dropped to 26.85% just before the onset of the largest ever Minuwangoda Cluster, after which it was raised to 50%. Comparing GRSI values and epidemiological pattern of Sri Lanka with three purposefully selected blocks of countries showed that its stringency to be comparatively lower than most of the countries studied, as per the end of the study period. It could be seen that the current GRSI values about the policy measures adopted by the government of Sri Lanka are suboptimal, compared to the level of risk based on the case trend that the country is exposed to, as of 30th November 2020. These findings provide evidence towards the implementation of more stringent mobility control measures on an urgent basis, at least until the case number starts to fall.