bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Quality and Its Association with Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk amongst Middle-aged Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alzahrani Sarah Jamaan , Zuhair Rahaf Mohammed , Aljarash Hashmiah Mohammed , Bamuqabel Aya Omar , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
A few studies with regard to poor sleep quality and chronic diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged adults in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationships between sleep quality, hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in this population.

Methods:
A total of 912 Saudi adults aged 35–54 years participated. Data on demographics, sleep characteristics, medical histories, lifestyle behaviours and anthropometrics were collected through questionnaires. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hypertension prevalence and mean scores were compared using t-tests through SPSS version 27. Logistic regression identified factors associated with poor sleep quality.

Results:
Most participants rated their sleep quality as good (44.7%) and slept 6–7 h nightly (26.3%). Hypertension prevalence was 7%. Participants experiencing sleep difficulties had poorer sleep quality scores (P < 0.001). Participants with hypertension had significantly lower mean sleep quality scores, while those with CVDs had higher scores (P < 0.001). High cholesterol, large waist circumference and smoking correlated with poor sleep quality (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study’s findings are important as with certain chronic diseases, the quality of sleep might act as a crucial factor that calls for interventions to be made in that area. Screening and interventions targeting improved sleep hygiene may help curb rising chronic disease burdens. Longitudinal research is needed to validate observed associations and assess the health impacts of sleep-related lifestyle modifications in this population.
Impact of Mechanical Ventilation on COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Aleid Masowma Sami , Alzimami Lama Zaid , Ajwah Yazeed Mahmoud H. , Alamrani Faisal Mohammed O. , Alshehri Rayan Fahad Z. , Kharaba Ayman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Mechanical ventilation is frequently utilised in critically ill COVID-19 patients, yet outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluated characteristics, outcomes and associations between mechanical ventilation and prognosis in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of medical records from 1389 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single ICU between dates. Demographic, clinical, treatment data and outcomes including length of stay (LOS), microbiological cure and discharge status were collected. Comparisons were made between ventilated and non-ventilated patients.

Results:
The mean age was 56 years, 74% were male. Mechanical ventilation was utilised in 73.9% for a mean duration of 9.89 days. Ventilated patients had significantly longer ICU (15 days vs. 10 days) and hospital stays (22 days vs. 18 days). Microbiological cure was achieved in 16.1%, with higher rates in ventilated patients. Factors including older age, male gender, diabetes and higher body mass index correlated with worse outcomes. Ventilated patients more often experienced ICU (96% vs. 4%) and hospital mortality (60% vs. 40%). Mechanical ventilation duration positively correlated with ICU and hospital LOS. Longer ventilation durations correlated with cure and remaining in ICU.

Conclusion:
In this large cohort, mechanical ventilation was commonly utilised yet correlated with worse outcomes, although outcomes may be confounded by indication. Modifying risk profiles through glycaemic and weight control along with standardised evidence-based protocols may help optimise outcomes. Further prospective analyses accounting for the severity of illness are needed to determine causal relationships between ventilation and prognosis in COVID-19.
Non-surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis in Elderly Saudis: Utilisation, Effectiveness: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alqarni Danah Ahmed , Alqarni Aseel Abdullah , Zuqayl Alhanouf Hamoud Nasser , Asiri Abdulelah Yahya , Alanzi Ryan Khater , Alrasheed Khalid Faisal , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef Salem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder that poses considerable health challenges worldwide. Millions of individuals suffering from OA experience diminished quality of life, necessitating effective management strategies. In recent years, non-surgical interventions have emerged as a popular approach for OA management. However, comprehensive data detailing their effectiveness and the adherence levels amongst OA patients remain scanty. Within this context, our research aspires to discern the relationship between active engagement in non-surgical interventions and the subsequent enhancements in life quality and pain alleviation for OA patients. To meticulously chart, the utilisation patterns of non-surgical treatments for OA and critically evaluate their impact on this specific population.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted which focused on the Saudi Arabian population from June 2023 to January 2024. The study was designed on the basis of a self-administered questionnaire. The analysis was performed on 2416 patients with multiple complications related to OA. The primary data collection was survey based; an online questionnaire that assessed patients about their level of engagement with non-surgical therapies and how they experienced their effect on their health. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the relationship between OA and various comorbidities considering various factors using SPSS V 26.0.

Results:
Our findings revealed a positive correlation between the extent of engagement in non-surgical interventions and a marked improvement in quality of life, substantiated by a correlation coefficient of r = 0.65 with a statistical significance level of P < 0.001. In addition, our analysis unearthed significant variations in intervention practices influenced by demographic elements, gender and geographic location.

Conclusions:
Our research underscores the promising potential of non-surgical interventions as a viable strategy for enhancing the quality of life in OA patients. The elucidated demographic disparities further pave the way for crafting tailored intervention programmes, promising more personalised and effective OA management.
A Cross-sectional Study Investigating the Impact of Corrected Flatfeet on Children’s Outcomes Assessing Gait and Pain Incidence among School-aged Children
Authors: Alruwaili Bader Helal , Aljaffar Abdullah Bader , Alkhaldi Khalid Naif , Alorayyidh Mohammed Meshal , Alyahya Hamad Fahad , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Flatfoot is a common foot condition among children that can cause pain and impair function if left untreated. While surgical correction aims to restore arch alignment, evidence on long-term outcomes is limited. This study investigated the impact of early flatfoot surgery on school-aged children’s gait patterns and pain incidence.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study compared 724 children aged 1–12 years who underwent flatfoot surgery before age 5–60 controls with mild-to-moderate untreated flatfeet, matched for age and gender. Clinical evaluation assessed residual rearfoot alignment. Gait analysis used motion capture to analyse temporal-spatial gait parameters. Questionnaires evaluated function (FAAM-C) and foot pain (FLACC). SPSS version 26 was used to enter the data. Paired t-tests were used in the statistical analysis to compare questionnaire ratings and gait between groups. Correlation study evaluated relationships between outcomes and residual abnormalities. Function and pain factors modelled using multiregression. At P < 0.05, significance was established.

Results:
Surgically corrected children showed generally normalised gait compared to controls on metrics except step width. FAAM-C scores averaged 90.5 ± 7.5 versus 80.3 ± 10.4 for controls (P < 0.001), and FLACC pain scores were lower in the surgical group at 1.5 ± 1.7 versus 3.4 ± 2.5 (P = 0.002). Residual hindfoot valgus/limited dorsiflexion moderately correlated with worse function/higher pain.

Conclusion:
Early flatfoot surgery resulted in long-term gait patterns approximating peers without flatfeet. Surgically treated children also reported better function and less frequent/severe pain compared to mild–moderate untreated flatfeet controls. Residual transverse/sagittal plane deformities moderately correlated with poorer outcomes. This provides novel insights supporting early surgical intervention.
Intraocular Pressure Control with Latanoprost in Older Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Mohammed Sami , Alshammari Ashwaq Hijji , Alamri Manar Mohammed H. , Althagafi Hatun Abdullah R. , Almutairi Jawza Ali , Alsubaiei Sayyaf Nasser , Alzahrani Tahani Srihan , Mohaini Mohammad Al 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, is primarily progressed by intraocular pressure (IOP). Managing this pressure is crucial for slowing down the deterioration of the visual field and optic nerve damage. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue, has emerged as an effective option for reducing IOP in glaucoma patients. This study aims to address the gap in understanding the effectiveness of latanoprost in managing increased IOP within the Saudi population, a demographic that has been underrepresented in previous research.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 2736 participants, all diagnosed with glaucoma and aged 40 years and above, selected using a random sampling method from various healthcare facilities across Saudi Arabia. The study spanned 9 months, employing structured questionnaires and medical records review for the data collection. The primary dependent variable was the relationship between latanoprost use and IOP reduction. Statistical analyses included correlation and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The study found that most participants experienced significant IOP reduction after using latanoprost, with over one-third reporting more than 30% reduction. The factors enhancing the drug’s effectiveness included the frequency of use, duration of treatment and patient demographic characteristics such as age and gender. Most participants found latanoprost eye drops convenient to use and side effects were in line with those reported in other demographics.

Conclusion:
The study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of latanoprost in controlling IOP amongst the Saudi Arabian population. It emphasises the importance of considering individual patient characteristics in glaucoma management could enhance therapeutic outcomes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of latanoprost’s role in different demographic contexts and offer guidance for personalised treatment strategies.
Second primary cancers: Incidence and outcomes from a population of patients accrued in six prospective controlled trials at a tertiary cancer institute
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Laskar Sarbani G , Deshmukh Jayshree , Gupta Tejpal , Murthy Vedang , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Budrukkar Ashwini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to document the incidence, spectrum and outcomes of Second Primary Malignancy (SPM) in a prospectively followed-up population of Head and Neck Squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) patients accrued in six prospective trials and treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were prospectively followed up over time and data on SPM collected after IRB approval after establishing the diagnosis of SPM based on clinical criteria. Descriptive statistics to determine clinic demographic characteristics and spectrum of SPM encountered, time to event outcomes (SPM-DFS – Disease-free survival after diagnosis of second primary, SPM-OS – Overall survival after diagnosis of second primary) and univariate analysis of factors of likely prognostic significance were performed.

Results:
A total of 656 individual patient records were examined. A total of 43 SPM s were detected at a median follow-up of 62 months (IQR -39-97 months), accounting for a cumulative incidence of 6.5%. The median time to development of an SPM was 48 months. The head and neck (41.84%) and the esophagus (34.8)% were the most common sites of SPM. At a median follow-up of 7 months post-diagnosis of SPM, the 1 year estimates of SPM-DFS and SPM-OS were 37.6% and 40% respectively. Radical intent treatment emerged as a significant predictor of improved SPM-OS and SPM-DFS.

Conclusion:
SPMs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HNSCC survivors. Timely detection allows for more cases to be treated with radical intent to offer chances for long term control and survival.
Newer antimicrobials in dermatology: An overview
Authors: Bubna Aditya K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance, it becomes essential for the treating dermatologist to familiarize himself with the newer available antimicrobial agents. It has been seen that these drugs allow successful therapeutic outcomes in those patients where conventional antimicrobial therapy is ineffective. This review will throw light on the following newer antimicrobial drugs, namely linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tigecycline, oritavancin and dalbavancin.
Fixed drug eruption due to levocetirizine and cross-reactivity with cetirizine and hydroxyzine
Authors: Agrawal Ishan , Relhan Vineet , Priyadharshini Basavarajapura Vijay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Several drugs can act as possible causes for fixed drug eruptions (FDEs). The newer generation of antihistamines is considered safer and less prone to causing adverse drug reactions. This case study highlights a rare occurrence where a 19-year-old woman developed a multifocal FDE after taking levocetirizine, with a history of similar reactions to cetirizine and hydroxyzine.
An Update on Artificial Intelligence and Its Application in Orthopedics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pal Jitendra Nath 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Prerequisites of artificial intelligence (AI) are a huge unbiased data set, linking them with different “clouds,” a powerful computer with high processing ability, and application of statistical methods to produce a complex algorithm. The concept “can machine think” developed in the early 1940s with the turning rule. The progress was slow till 2000 and then steadily increased and accelerated since 2012. Data scientists used complex statistical mathematics and computer engineers developed machines that allow machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural network as subsets of AI. These nodes in layers can send feedback to refine its own decision. Among various fields, applications in orthopedics are in stage of validation. Clinical applications are growing fast. Use in orthopedic subfields such as joint disorders and arthroplasty, spine, fractures, sports medicine, and orthopedic oncology are promising.

Aims and Objectives:
Orthopedic clinicians have limited scope to be accustomed with the enmeshed statistical basis. They will be more interested in the application of AI in orthopedics in their practice. This review article is focused on some historical background and applicability of different ML models in various orthopedic domains. The future benefits and limitations are also outlined.

Methodology:
In this descriptive narrative exploratory review, qualitative information is collected randomly from a variety of sources.

Conclusion:
AI is the revolution in industrial development. It has reached the present state by the efforts and endeavors by engineers and data scientists. Its utility has been validated in orthopedic fields and is ready to use in regular practice. However, ethical issues including the “Job-Killing” effect, identification of accountable persons in situations where AI makes some mistakes, and biased data are not yet addressed. Regulating bodies are working on it.
A Mix-method Study Leveraging Social Media for Health Behavior Change: From Tweets to Transformation
Authors: Saleem Sheikh Mohd. , Jan Shah Sumaya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for disseminating public health messages and influencing health-related behaviors. This study aimed to explore the role of social media in public health communication and behavior change interventions.

Methods:
A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of social media data, online surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The social media data analysis included sentiment, network, and content analysis. The study analyzed 543 social media posts and 1190 comments, and surveyed 687 respondents.

Results:
Official accounts had higher reach (50,000 impressions per–post) compared to user-generated content (25,000 impressions) and influencer posts (30,000 impressions). However, user-generated and influencer content exhibited higher engagement (1500 likes, comments, shares per–post vs. 800 for official accounts). Sentiment analysis revealed polarized responses, with 40% of user-generated content expressing negative sentiments, particularly toward COVID-19 vaccination and mask mandates. Among 687 survey respondents, 65% reported that exposure to public health messaging influenced their health-related behaviors. Qualitative analysis identified effective strategies such as tailoring messages, collaborating with influencers, and employing interactive content formats, while also highlighting challenges including misinformation (reported by 62% of respondents), resource constraints, and public mistrust.

Conclusion:
The study highlights both the potential and challenges of leveraging social media for public health communication. Considering social media’s impact on promoting positive health-related behaviors, a comprehensive framework was proposed emphasizing robust monitoring systems, cross-sector collaborations, capacity building, data-driven approaches, and ethical guidelines.
Metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes: emerging roles of lactate
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Guo Yijian , Zhang Ying , Gao Yulei , Ning Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system, facilitating essential brain functions, including energy supply, signaling, and epigenetic modulation. Moreover, it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system. The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed. Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases. In the nervous system, lactate plays an essential role. However, its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation. The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic, especially in lactylation modification, a key determinant in this process. Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation modifications, which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.
In addition, exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
Neuronal plasticity and its role in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jahan Israt , Harun-Ur-Rashid Mohammad , Islam Md. Aminul , Sharmin Farhana , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Kaki Abdullah M. , Selim Samy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neuronal plasticity, the brain’s ability to adapt structurally and functionally, Is essential for learning, memory, and recovery from injuries. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, this plasticity is disrupted, leading to cognitive and motor deficits. This review explores the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and its effect on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease features amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles that impair synaptic function, while Parkinson’s disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons affecting motor control. Enhancing neuronal plasticity offers therapeutic potential for these diseases. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Data synthesis identified key themes such as synaptic mechanisms, neurogenesis, and therapeutic strategies, linking molecular insights to clinical applications. Results highlight that targeting synaptic plasticity mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, shows promise. Neurotrophic factors, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular tools (e.g., clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and optogenetics) are crucial in understanding and enhancing plasticity. Current therapies, including dopamine replacement, deep brain stimulation, and lifestyle interventions, demonstrate the potential to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. In conclusion, enhancing neuronal plasticity through targeted therapies holds significant promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to fully harness the therapeutic potential of neuronal plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.