bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MIR4435‐2HG‐mediated upregulation of TGF‐β1 promotes migration and proliferation of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Yang Mei , He Xiaohua , Huang Xiaoxian , Wang Jiyang , He Yuxin , Wei Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in tumor progression. Here, it was identified that lncRNA MIR4435‐2HG was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues, especially in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A consistent result was obtained in lung cancer cells. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of MIR4435‐2HG reduced the proliferation and migration ability of NSCLC cells. Transcriptome‐sequencing analysis indicated that TGF‐β signaling was mostly enriched in NSCLC cells with MIR4435‐2HG knockdown. Furthermore, MIR4435‐2HG was identified as an miRNA sponge for TGF‐β1 and thus activated TGF‐β signaling. Additionally, re‐activation of TGF‐β1 rescued MIR4435‐2HG knockdown‐mediated inhibition on the progression of NSCLC cells. Therefore, this work indicates a novel MIR4435‐2HG/TGF‐β1 axis responsible for NSCLC cell progression.
Inverse association between glucose-lowering medications and severe hyponatremia: a Swedish population-based case-control study
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Skov Jakob , Calissendorff Jan , Lindh Jonatan D. , Mannheimer Buster 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Context
Glucose-lowering medications have occasionally been reported to cause hyponatremia, but the evidence is scarce.

Objectives
To explore the association between glucose-lowering medications and severe hyponatremia.

Design, setting, and participants
Subjects hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of hyponatremia (n = 14,359) were compared with matched controls (n = 57,383). Data were derived by linkage of national population-based registers. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations, and socioeconomic factors was used to explore the association between hospitalization for hyponatremia and the use of different glucose-lowering medications. Furthermore, newly initiated (≤90 days) and ongoing use was investigated separately.

Main outcome measures
Hospitalization due to hyponatremia.

Results
The unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia were 1.41 (1.29–1.54) for insulins, 1.38 (1.27–1.50) for metformin, and 1.22 (1.07–1.38) for sulfonylureas. However, after adjustment for confounding factors the association was consistently reversed. Thus, for any glucose-lowering medication the adjusted OR was 0.63 (0.58–0.68). For insulins, metformin and sulfonylureas, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.58 (0.52–0.65), 0.81 (0.72–0.90) and 0.81 (0.69–0.94), respectively. Odds ratios for newly initated medications were overall higher while those for ongoing treatment were further decreased. Thus, adjusted ORs (95% CI) for ongoing treatment with insulins, metformin, and sulfonylureas were 0.54 (0.48–0.61), 0.82 (0.73–0.91) and 0.78 (0.66–0.92).

Conclusions
Glucose-lowering medications did not increase the risk for hospitalization due to severe hyponatremia. In fact, the association was inverse across all investigated drugs. The association may be mediated by pharmacologic mechanisms, but the uniform effects across drug-classes suggest properties of the diabetic disease are of importance.
The origins of Buchanan's views on federalism, Chicago 1946–1947
Authors: Marciano Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBuchanan's first writings about federalism and fiscal justice were “'Federalism’: One Barrier to Labor Mobility” and “A Theory of Financial Balance in a Federal State,” two term papers that he wrote before his dissertation and that have never been discussed before. Studying them allows us to complete the recent literature on the origins of Buchanan's fiscal federalism. We show that most of Buchanan's ideas about fiscal equity were already in these works, and also that Buchanan made other claims and used other arguments – about mobility, for instance – that were absent from the dissertation but remained important to him for a long time. We also analyze these essays in the context in which Buchanan was at that time, namely the economics department of the University of Chicago. We show how Buchanan fed on, not to say was influenced by, the courses for which he wrote these essays. This allows us to shed new light on the role Theodore Schultz, D. Gale Johnson, Henry Simons, and Roy Blough, played at the beginning of Buchanan's career.
Adding memory to pressure-sensitive phosphors
Authors: Petit Robin R. , Michels Simon E. , Feng Ang , Smet Philippe F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the phenomenon describing the emission of light during mechanical action on a solid, leading to applications such as pressure sensing, damage detection and visualization of stress distributions. In most cases, this mechanical action releases energy that was previously stored in the crystal lattice of the phosphor by means of trapped charge carriers. A drawback is the need to record the ML emission during a pressure event. In this work, we provide a method for adding a memory function to these pressure-sensitive phosphors, allowing an optical readout of the location and intensity of a pressure event in excess of 72 h after the event. This is achieved in the BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor, where a broad trap depth distribution essential for the process is present. By merging optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and ML measurements, the influence of light, heat and pressure on the trap depth distribution is carefully analysed. This analysis demonstrates that mechanical action can not only lead to direct light emission but also to a reshuffling of trap occupations. This memory effect not only is expected to lead to new pressure sensing applications but also offers an approach to study charge carrier transitions in energy storage phosphors.
Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries
Authors:   Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment Collaborators
Published: December 2019

AbstractEducational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.
Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic supernova remnants
Authors: Brose R. , Pohl M. , Sushch I. , Petruk O. , Kuzyo T. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Supernova remnants are known to accelerate cosmic rays on account of their nonthermal emission of radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. Although there are many models for the acceleration of cosmic rays in supernova remnants, the escape of cosmic rays from these sources has not yet been adequately studied.
Aims. We aim to use our time-dependent acceleration code RATPaC to study the acceleration of cosmic rays and their escape in post-adiabatic supernova remnants and calculate the subsequent gamma-ray emission from inverse-Compton scattering and Pion decay.
Methods. We performed spherically symmetric 1D simulations in which we simultaneously solved the transport equations for cosmic rays, magnetic turbulence, and the hydrodynamical flow of the thermal plasma in a volume large enough to keep all cosmic rays in the simulation. The transport equations for cosmic rays and magnetic turbulence were coupled via the cosmic-ray gradient and the spatial diffusion coefficient of the cosmic rays, while the cosmic-ray feedback onto the shock structure can be ignored. Our simulations span 100 000 years, thus covering the free-expansion, the Sedov–Taylor, and the beginning of the post-adiabatic phase of the remnant’s evolution.
Results. At later stages of the evolution, cosmic rays over a wide range of energy can reside outside of the remnant, creating spectra that are softer than predicted by standard diffusive shock acceleration, and feature breaks in the 10 − 100 GeV-range. The total spectrum of cosmic rays released into the interstellar medium has a spectral index of s ≈ 2.4 above roughly 10 GeV which is close to that required by Galactic propagation models. We further find the gamma-ray luminosity to peak around an age of 4000 years for inverse-Compton-dominated high-energy emission. Remnants expanding in low-density media generally emit more inverse-Compton radiation, matching the fact that the brightest known supernova remnants – RCW86, Vela Jr., HESS J1731−347 and RX J1713.7−3946 – are all expanding in low density environments.
123–321 models of classical novae
Authors: José Jordi , Shore Steven N. , Casanova Jordi 
Published: December 2019

Context.High-resolution spectroscopy has revealed large concentrations of CNO and sometimes other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Ne, Na, Mg, or Al, for ONe novae) in the shells ejected during nova outbursts, suggesting that the solar composition material transferred from the secondary mixes with the outermost layers of the underlying white dwarf during thermonuclear runaway.Aims.Multidimensional simulations have shown that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities provide self-enrichment of the accreted envelope with material from the outermost layers of the white dwarf, at levels that agree with observations. However, the Eulerian and time-explicit nature of most multidimensional codes used to date and the overwhelming computational load have limited their applicability, and no multidimensional simulation has been conducted for a full nova cycle.Methods.This paper explores a new methodology that combines 1D and 3D simulations. The early stages of the explosion (i.e., mass-accretion and initiation of the runaway) were computed with the 1D hydrodynamic codeSHIVA. When convection extended throughout the entire envelope, the structures for each model were mapped into 3D Cartesian grids and were subsequently followed with the multidimensional codeFLASH. Two key physical quantities were extracted from the 3D simulations and were subsequently implemented intoSHIVA, which was used to complete the simulation through the late expansion and ejection stages: the time-dependent amount of mass dredged-up from the outer white dwarf layers, and the time-dependent convective velocity profile throughout the envelope.Results.This work explores for the first time the effect of the inverse energy cascade that characterizes turbulent convection in nova outbursts. More massive envelopes have been found that are those reported from previous models with pre-enrichment. These result in more violent outbursts, characterized by higher peak temperatures and greater ejected masses, with metallicity enhancements in agreement with observations.
Remote coronal dimmings related to a circular-ribbon flare
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Zheng R. S. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. In this paper, we report multiwavelength observations of remote coronal dimmings related to an M1.1 circular-ribbon flare in active region (AR) 12434.
Methods. The confined flare without a coronal mass ejection was observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 2015 October 16. We obtained global three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields before the flare using the potential field source surface modeling.
Results. A few minutes before the flare hard X-ray peak time (06:13:48 UT), small-scale, weak dimming appeared ∼240″ away from the flare site, which can be observed by AIA only in 131 and 171 Å. Afterward, long and narrow dimmings became evident in all AIA extreme-ultraviolet passbands except 304 Å, while localized core dimming was not clearly observed near the flare site. The large-area dimmings extended southeastward and the areas increased gradually. The total area of dimmings reaches (1.2 ± 0.4) × 104 Mm2 in 193 Å. The maximal relative intensity decreases in 171 and 193 Å reach 90% and 80%, respectively. Subsequently, the dimmings began to replenish and the area decreased slowly, lasting for ≥3 h. The remote dimmings and AR 12434 are connected by large-scale coronal loops. The remote dimmings are associated with the southwest footpoints of coronal loops with weak negative polarities. Possible origins of remote dimmings are discussed.
Provider Preference in Exam Room Layout Design and Computing
Authors: Read Jacob M. , Weiler Dustin T. , Satterly Tyler , Soares Catarina , Saleem Jason J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The introduction of the electronic health record (EHR) has had a significant impact on provider–patient interactions, particularly revolving around patient-centeredness. More research is needed to understand the provider perspective of this interaction.
Objectives Our objective was to obtain provider feedback on a new exam room design compared with the one already in use with respect to the computing layout, which included a wall-mounted monitor for ease of (re)-positioning. An additional objective was to understand elements of exam room design and computing that were highly valued.
Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 providers from several health care organizations. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. We used an inductive coding approach to abstract recurrent themes from the data.
Results Our analysis revealed several themes organized around exam room layout, exam room computing, and provider workflow. We report frequency of occurrence of the coded data for computer accessories, computing usefulness, computer mobility, documentation habits, form factor, layout preference, patient interaction, screen sharing, and work habits.
Conclusion Providers in our study preferred exam room design to promote flexibility, mobility, and body orientation directed toward the patient. Providers also expressed the need for exam room design to support varying work habits and preferences, including whether to share the computer screen or not.
Formative Usability Testing Reduces Severe Blood Product Ordering Errors
Authors: Orenstein Evan W. , Boudreaux Jeanne , Rollins Margo , Jones Jennifer , Bryant Christy , Karavite Dean , Muthu Naveen , Hike Jessica , Williams Herb , Kilgore Tania , Carter Alexis B. , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Medical errors in blood product orders and administration are common, especially for pediatric patients. A failure modes and effects analysis in our health care system indicated high risk from the electronic blood ordering process.
Objectives There are two objectives of this study as follows:(1) To describe differences in the design of the original blood product orders and order sets in the system (original design), new orders and order sets designed by expert committee (DEC), and a third-version developed through user-centered design (UCD).(2) To compare the number and type of ordering errors, task completion rates, time on task, and user preferences between the original design and that developed via UCD.
Methods A multidisciplinary expert committee proposed adjustments to existing blood product order sets resulting in the DEC order set. When that order set was tested with front-line users, persistent failure modes were detected, so orders and order sets were redesigned again via formative usability testing. Front-line users in their native clinical workspaces were observed ordering blood in realistic simulated scenarios using a think-aloud protocol. Iterative adjustments were made between participants. In summative testing, participants were randomized to use the original design or UCD for five simulated scenarios. We evaluated differences in ordering errors, time on task, and users' design preference with two-sample t-tests.
Results Formative usability testing with 27 providers from seven specialties led to 18 changes made to the DEC to produce the UCD. In summative testing, error-free task completion for the original design was 36%, which increased to 66% in UCD (30%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.9–57%; p = 0.03). Time on task did not vary significantly.
Conclusion UCD led to substantially different blood product orders and order sets than DEC. Users made fewer errors when ordering blood products for pediatric patients in simulated scenarios when using the UCD orders and order sets compared with the original design.
Effect of age on binaural integration using dichotic digit test in Kannada
Authors: Jain Chandni , Parmeshwara Keerthi Sringari , Chinnaraj Geetha 
Published: December 2019

Objecitve:
The present study aimed to compare the effect of age on binaural integration in younger and older adults with normal hearing using dichotic digit test in Kannada.

Materials and methods:
Two groups of participants with normal hearing sensitivity sensitivity were enrolled for the study. Group 1 included 19 young adults in the age range of 18 to 25 years (12 Females, Mean age = 20.95 years), and Group 2 included 19 older adults within the age range of 50 to 70 years (10 Females, Mean age = 56.35 years). Bisyllabic Kannada digits were used to assess binaural integration. The material consists of a total of 30 presentations with each presentation having two-digit pair. Single correct scores and double correct scores were noted down for the participants.

Results and Discussion:
Results showed that the right ear single correct scores were high for both the groups, and there was a significant difference in the right correct scores (p < .05), left correct scores (p < .001) as well as double correct scores (p < .01) between the two groups. It was also seen that the right ear advantage was more pronounced in older adults (21.40%) compared to the younger adults (5.61%) which could be due to the decline in the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer of information via the corpus callosum.

Conclusion:
To conclude, there is an age-related decline in dichotic digit scores, and thus, separate norms are required for older adults.
Effect of increasing dietary energy density during late gestation and lactation on sow performance, piglet vitality, and lifetime growth of offspring
Authors: Rooney Hazel B , O’driscoll Keelin , O’doherty John V , Lawlor Peadar G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenetic selection for hyperprolificacy in sows has resulted in a significant increase in the number of piglets born alive per litter but subsequently, decreased piglet vitality and growth. As a consequence, increasing sows’ energy intake during lactation to help increase piglet vitality and growth is increasingly important. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary energy density for lactating sows on weight and back-fat changes in sows, milk composition, and vitality and growth of progeny. Gestating sows (N = 100; Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to one of four energy dense diets at day 108 of gestation until subsequent service; 13.8 (LL), 14.5 (L), 15.2 (H), and 15.9 MJ DE/kg (HH). All diets contained 1.2% total lysine. Blood samples from sows were taken on day 108 of gestation and at weaning (day 26 of lactation) and colostrum (day 0) and milk samples (day 14) were collected during lactation. Sow lactation feed intakes were recorded daily. The number of piglets born per litter (total and live), piglet birth weight (total and live), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) traits and muscle tone were recorded in piglets at birth. Piglet tympanic ear temperature (TEMP) was recorded at birth and at 24 h. Pigs were weighed on days 1, 6, 14, 26, 33, 40, 54, 75, and 141 of life. Postweaning (PW) pigs were fed standard cereal-based diets. Pig carcass data were collected at slaughter (day 141). Lactation energy intake was higher for HH sows than for all other treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Colostrum and milk composition and lactation feed intake were not affected by treatment. The number of piglets born per litter (total and live) and piglet birthweight (total and live) was similar between treatments. Piglets from LL sows had more IUGR traits (P &lt; 0.01), while those from HH sows had better muscle tone (P &lt; 0.01) than all other treatments. Piglets from LL sows (P &lt; 0.01) and piglets from H sows (P &lt; 0.01) had a higher 24 h TEMP than piglets from HH sows. H sows weaned a greater number of piglets than L sows (P &lt; 0.05) and HH sows (P &lt; 0.01), while L sows weaned lighter litters than H (P &lt; 0.05) and LL sows (P &lt; 0.05). Pig growth PW was unaffected by treatment. High energy dense diets increased energy intake in sows, without depressing appetite. Feeding an HH diet improved piglet muscle tone at birth, whereas feeding an H diet increased litter size at weaning. Inconsistent results were observed for other traits of piglet vitality and for preweaning litter growth performance.