bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastolic blood pressure predicts outcomes after aortic paravalvular leak closure
Authors: Vogt Joshua C. , Michelena Hector I. , Nishimura Rick A. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Reeder Guy S. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to determine hemodynamic effects of aortic paravalvular leak (PVL) and predictors of clinical outcomes after aortic PVL closure.BackgroundThe significance of hemodynamic alterations in PVL and relation to severity, procedural success of percutaneous closure and clinical outcomes have not been defined.MethodsPatients undergoing percutaneous PVL closure between July 21, 2004 and September 10, 2018 were included. PVL severity was assessed by echocardiography and aortic angiography. Hemodynamics were assessed by intra‐arterial pressure tracings before and after PVL closure. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality, redo aortic valve replacement (AVR) and redo PVL closure.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients (mean age 70.3 ± 14.9 years, 79% surgical and 21% transcatheter prostheses) underwent PVL closure with 94% technical success. PVL was moderate or greater in 106 (91%) at baseline and 11 (11%) post‐procedure. Diastolic BP for those with moderate or greater PVL was lower than for those with less PVL (50.3 ± 11.7 vs. 56.5 ± 12.4 mmHg, p < .001). Pulse pressure was similar between these groups (69.9 ± 20.3 vs. 67.4 ± 21.2 mmHg, p = .39). 35 patients (34%) had 40 events during a mean follow‐up of 1.6 ± 1.9 years (23 deaths, 12 redo AVR, and five redo PVL closures). In a multivariate model, final diastolic BP <47 mmHg (HR 3.27 [1.45–7.36], p = .007) was a significant predictor of the composite endpoint.ConclusionsDiastolic BP was significantly associated with aortic PVL severity and clinical outcomes after PVL closure. In contrast, pulse pressure did not correlate with PVL severity or outcomes. These findings have implications for clinical management of patients with aortic PVL.
A k‐nearest neighbor query method based on trust and location privacy protection
Authors: Guo Liangmin , Zhu Ying , Yang Hao , Luo Yonglong , Sun Liping , Zheng Xiaoyao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpatial query is an important supporting technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) and location‐based services (LBS). The k‐nearest neighbor query is widely used for spatial queries. However, user location privacy may be leaked in the query. In addition, some users are malicious or uncooperative. With the objective of overcoming these problems, a k‐nearest neighbor query method based on trust and location privacy protection is proposed. First, we employ a new K‐anonymity method based on cooperation to protect a query user's location privacy. In this method, the query user constructs an anonymous group by introducing a trust mechanism to incentivize cooperation among users. Then, according to the different radii of the selection area set by the query user, agent users with higher reputation values who send query requests for the query user are selected. Finally, the agent users obtain the query results from the LBS server and forward them to the query user, and the query user screens the results according to his or her real location. The experiments show that our method can effectively stimulate users to cooperate, better exclude malicious users, and improve the accuracy of the query results while protecting the privacy of the query
user.
Differential outcomes of patients with thyroid FNA diagnoses of AUS/FLUS with and without nuclear atypia: The potential need for separation in the Bethesda System
Authors: Deftereos Georgios , Schmechel Stephen C. , Waner Emily E. , Itani Malak , Dighe Manjiri K. , Tylee Tracy S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground: In the current version of The Bethesda System (TBS) for thyroid cytopathology, the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category has an estimated risk of malignancy of 10% to 30%. Diagnostic criteria include presence of nuclear atypia, suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), as well as other types of atypia, which can be seen with non‐malignant entities. Aim of this study was to investigate differential outcomes of AUS/FLUS, based on specific morphologic criteria, and assess their respective malignancy risks.Methods: From a total of 1233 patients undergoing thyroid FNAs between 2010 and 2014 at the University of Washington, 119 had AUS/FLUS without nuclear atypia, and 64 with nuclear atypia. Outcomes for patients with and without nuclear atypia (with the exception of 24 patients lost to follow‐up) were evaluated and results were compared.Results: 16/57 (28.1%) patients with AUS/FLUS and nuclear atypia subsequently had carcinomas on thyroidectomy, statistically higher than the 8/102 patients (7.8%, P = .001) without nuclear atypia. When comparing only patients who underwent surgery (n = 63), again those with AUS/FLUS and nuclear atypia had statistically higher rates of carcinoma (16/31, 51.6%), compared to those without (8/32, 25%; P = .0394). Overall, 24/159 (15.1%) of patients with AUS/FLUS had carcinoma on subsequent histology.Conclusion: Malignancy rates for AUS/FLUS were in line with TBS estimated risks. However, our data demonstrate that the presence or absence of nuclear atypia is associated with different malignancy rates, suggesting the possibility that the AUS/FLUS category may best be split into two subcategories with different implied risks of malignancy.
Psychopathology in refugees subjected to the Dublin Regulation: an Italian study
Authors: Caroppo Emanuele , Lanzotti Pierluigi , Janiri Luigi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiterature shows that migrants—a generic definition for persons who leave their own country of origin—have increased psychopathological vulnerability. Between 2014 and 2017, 976 963 non-European Union (non-EU) people arrived in Italy, of which 30% for humanitarian reasons. This study is aimed at a better understanding of the experience of asylum seekers who transferred to Italy were subjected to the EU Dublin Regulation and most of them suspended in their asylum application.MethodsWe elaborate a descriptive study based on a population of refugees and asylum seekers who have suffered from social and personal migratory stressful factors. Clinical data was collected between 2011 and 2013 at the “A. Gemelli” General Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Minors, elderly people, and patients who are unable to declare a voluntary consensus and economic migrants were excluded from the study. Candidates for the status of refugee or asylum seekers were included.ResultsThe sample consisted of 180 asylum seekers aged 25.52 ± 5.6 years. Most frequently diagnosis was post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (53%), subthreshold PTSD was reported in 22% of subjects. We found phenomenological patterns highly representative of PTSD of the dissociative subtype. Around 20% of the sample suffered from psychotic symptomatology.ConclusionsLoss of the migratory project and the alienation mediated by chronic social defeat paradigm may trigger a psychopathological condition described by the failure to cope with the negative emotional context of social exclusion and solitude. A common and integrated treatment project is needed, with the scope of reintegrating the migrant’s personal and narrative identity.
The role of stellar rotation in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Sacchi Andrea , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are highly variable high energy phenomena originating from Galactic Nuclei (Komossa & Bade 1999). TDEs are thus powerful tools to study quiescent Galactic Nuclei given their extreme brightness (several times super-Eddington) and the possibility of being seen in non-AGN galaxies. A TDE is the violent disruption of a star passing by a Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH); after the disruption, roughly half of the star mass gains enough energy to escape from the Black Hole, while the other half is bound to the Hole, falls back and eventually accretes onto it. Early works, (Rees 1988), pointed out a t−5/3 behaviour for the light curves of this event and since then such a time dependency became the signature of these events. Strong deviations are however introduced when one considers the internal stellar structure or if one considers partial disruptions. One feature that has never been taken into account is the effect of stellar rotation in the resulting fallback rate, which is the aim of the present work. Firstly, we will show analytical estimates of the impact of stellar rotation on the TDE and we will then present a set of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic simulations of the tidal disruption of rotating stars, performed in order to test these analytical estimates.
Young radio jets breaking free: molecular and HI outflows in their centers
Authors: Morganti Raffaella , Oosterloo Tom , Schulz Robert , Tadhunter Clive , Raymond Oonk J. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur view of the central regions of AGN has been enriched by the discovery of fast and massive outflows of H I and molecular gas. Here we present a brief summary of results obtained for young (and restarted) radio AGN. We find that H I outflows tend to be particularly common in this group of objects. This supports the idea that the jet, expanding in a clumpy medium, plays a major role in driving these outflows. The clumpiness of the medium is confirmed by VLBI and ALMA observations. The H I observations reveal that, at least part of the gas, is distributed in clouds with sizes up to a few tens of pc and mass ~104Mȯ. A change of the conditions in the outflow, with an increasing fraction of diffuse components, as the radio jets grow, is suggested by the high resolution H I observations. The molecular gas completes the picture, showing that the radio plasma jet can couple well with the ISM, strongly affecting the kinematics, but also the physical conditions of the molecular gas. This is confirmed by numerical simulations reproducing, to first order, the kinematics of the gas.
Ratio of kinetic-to-bolometric luminosity at the “cold” disk accretion onto black holes
Authors: Bogovalov Sergey 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn galactic nuclei (AGN), the kinetic energy flux of the jet may exceed the bolometric luminosity of the disk a few orders of magnitude. At the “cold” accretion the radiation from the disk is suppressed because the wind from the disk carries out almost all the angular momentum and the gravitational energy of the accreted material. We calculate an unavoidable radiation from such a disk and the ratio of the kinetic-to-bolometric luminosity from a super massive black hole in framework of the paradigm of the optically thick α-disk of Shakura & Sunyaev. The results confirm that the gravitational energy of the accreted material can be the only source of energy in AGNs.
Low frequency observations of radio relics and halos
Authors: Kale Ruta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiffuse radio emission from galaxy clusters in the form of radio halos and relics are tracers of the shocks and turbulence in the intra-cluster medium. The imprints of the physical processes that govern their origin and evolution can be found in their radio morphologies and spectra. The role of mildly relativistic population of electrons may be crucial for the acceleration mechanisms to work efficiently. Low frequency observations with telescopes that allow imaging of extended sources over a broad range of low frequencies (<2 GHz) offer the best tools to study these sources. I will review the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations in the past few years that have led to: i) statistical studies of large samples of galaxy clusters, ii) opening of the discovery space in low mass clusters and iii) tracing the spectra of seed relativistic electrons using the Upgraded GMRT.
Probing the B-fields of AGN jets on kiloparsec scales - NGC 6251
Authors: Knuettel Sebastian , Gabuzda Denise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy constructing images of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) of large scale astrophysical jets, the line-of-sight magnetic field component and electron density in the region of Farady rotation can be investigated. A significant gradient in the RM transverse to the jet direction may indicate a corresponding gradient in the line-of-sight magnetic field, implying a toroidal or helical magnetic field, which would, in turn, imply the presence of an associated electrical current in the jet. The detection of such large scale gradients can reliably demonstrate that helical or toroidal fields can persist to large distances from the central AGN. We present a kiloparsec-scale Faraday rotation map of NGC 6251 that shows statistically significant transverse RM gradients across its kiloparsec scale jet structure that imply an outward current.
Flip of the jet head position of 3C 84 in 2015
Authors: Kino M. , Nagai H. , Wajima K. , Kawakatu N. , Orienti M. , Giovannini G. , Hada K. , Niinuma K. , Giroletti M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy performing the multi-epoch monitoring observation with KaVA at 43 GHz, we investigate the kinematics of the notable newborn bright component C3 located at the tip of the recurrent jet of 3C 84. During 2015 August-September,we discover the positional flip of the C3 component about 0.4 milli-arcsecond in angular scale. The flux density of the C3 component coherently showed the monotonic increase after the flip during our monitoring period. These phenomena are in good agreement with characteristic behaviors of a jet propagation in clumpy ambient medium predicted in hydrodynamical simulations.
Prodigious and Continuous Formation of Super Star Clusters from Cooled Intracluster Gas
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Wong Emily , Ohyama Youichi , Broadhurst Tom , Medezinski Elinor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlobular clusters (GCs) — compact and massive star clusters found ubiquitously around galaxies — are believed to be ancient relics (ages ≳ 10 Gyr) from the early formative phase of galaxies, although their physical origin remains widely debated. The most numerous GC populations are hosted by giant elliptical galaxies, where they can exhibit a broad dispersion in colour interpreted as a wide spread in metallicity. Here, we show that many thousands of similarly compact and massive super star clusters have formed at an approximately steady rate over, at least, the past ~1 Gyr around the nearby giant elliptical galaxy, NGC 1275, at the centre of the Perseus cluster. The number distribution of these young star clusters appears to exhibit a similar dependence in luminosity and mass as the even more numerous but older GCs around NGC 1275. In just a few Gyr, these super star clusters will evolve to become indistinguishable in broadband optical colours from the older GCs, and their spread in age add to the dispersion in colour of these GCs. The spatial distribution of the super star clusters resembles the filamentary network of multiphase gas in the cluster core, implying that they formed from molecular gas amassed from cooling of the hot intracluster gas. The sustained formation of super star clusters from cooled intracluster gas constitutes a previously unrecognised but prodigious source of GCs over cosmic timescales, and contributes to both their enormous numbers and broad colour dispersion in giant elliptical galaxies.
Management der chirurgischen Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Hidradenitis suppurativa unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der perioperativen Antibiose – Eine Fragebogenstudie
Authors: Raunik Bernhard , Neuwirth Maximilian , Thalhammer Florian , Haslik Werner , Nedomansky Jakob 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) ist eine chronische, wiederkehrende, entzündliche Erkrankung der Haut, welche Bereiche des Körpers befällt, die reich an apokrinen Schweißdrüsen sind. Ausgedehnte Erkrankungen bedürfen oft einer chirurgischen Therapie mit antibiotischer Begleitung. Verwendete Substanzen sind etwa Clindamycin, auch in Kombination mit Rifampicin, oder Tetracycline. Für die perioperative Anwendung gibt es derzeit kaum genaue Empfehlungen.
Patienten/Material und Methoden Eine anonyme Fragebogenuntersuchung wurde durchgeführt, um den Status quo der perioperativen antibiotischen Therapie zu erheben. Befragt wurden Ärztinnen und Ärzte an Abteilungen für Plastische Chirurgie, Allgemeinchirurgie und Dermatologie im deutschsprachigen Raum. Der Fragebogen wurde mit Limesurvey© erstellt und unter Vermittlung der Bundesministerien für Gesundheit an die infrage kommenden Abteilungen versandt. Die Antworten wurden mittels IBM® SPSS® Version 23 ausgewertet.
Resultate Mit der antibiotischen Therapie wurde am öftesten präoperativ begonnen. Keimabstriche hatten die bedeutendste Rolle in der Auswahl der Präparate. Diese wurden ungeachtet des Verabreichungszeitpunktes großteils an die mikrobiologischen Ergebnisse angepasst. Clindamycin wurde sowohl topisch als auch systemisch am häufigsten eingesetzt. Die Kombination mit Rifampicin war die gängigste. Adalimumab war der am häufigsten verabreichte Antikörper gegen Tumornekrosefaktor-Alpha (TNF-α). In beinahe der Hälfte der Fälle wurden sie zusammen mit Antibiotika verabreicht, wobei deren Verabreichungsdauer oft deutlich länger war. Die Erkrankungsausprägung war der entscheidendste Faktor für die Notwendigkeit operativer Versorgungen. Ein großflächiges Debridement mit offener Wundbehandlung war in beinahe allen Regionen die operative Behandlungsmethode der Wahl.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie hat gezeigt, dass große Unterschiede in der Behandlung zwischen den einzelnen Fachdisziplinen und Ländern bestehen. Sowohl die Schwere der Erkrankung, als auch die Erfahrungen und Vorlieben der Behandler selbst haben Einfluss auf die Therapie. Abhängig von der therapieführenden Fachdisziplin werden gewisse Behandlungen seltener oder gar nicht angeboten. Überarbeitete und aktuellere Leitlinien mit Integration aller behandelnden Disziplinen wären zur Vereinheitlichung der Therapie wünschenswert.
Onko-Nexus: Ein bayerisches „Kümmererprojekt“
zur Überwindung der Schnittstelle ambulanter/stationärer
Sektor – die drei Jahresergebnisse
Authors: Kaiser Florian , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Hoffmann Ana , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Weiglein Tobias , Schmidt Jörg , Tischer Johanna 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Onko-Nexus („Kümmererprojekt“), gefördert vom
Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege, widmet sich der
Verbesserung der ambulanten/stationären
Schnittstellenproblematik für Patienten mit hochkomplexen malignen
Erkrankungen, die einen Aufenthalt an einem universitären Zentrum
benötigten. Die Patienten wurden von einer ambulanten und einer
stationären „Kümmerin“ (medizinische
Fachangestellte) mitbetreut. Zusätzlich wurde vom universitären
Zentrum eine Spezialsprechstunde in der heimatnahen onkologischen Praxis
angeboten. Während der 3-jährigen Laufzeit konnten 26 Patienten
in das Projekt eingeschlossen werden. Nach Abschluss des Projektes wurden 9
Patienten und die 2 „Kümmerinnen“ mittels qualitativer
Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Patienten profitierten v. a. von der
intensivierten Betreuung, der Vermeidung von Fahrstrecken und dem engen Kontakt
zwischen Klinik und Praxis. Das Projekt wirkte sich deutlich positiv auf die
Lebensqualität der Patienten aus.
A Systematic Meta-Analysis of CT Features of COVID-19: Lessons from Radiology
Authors: Venugopal Vasantha Kumar , Mahajan Vidur , Rajan Sriram , Agarwal Vikash , Rajan Ruchika , Syed Salsabeel , Mahajan Harsh 
Published: April 2020

1.AbstractSeveral studies have been published in the past few months describing the CT features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a great degree of heterogeneity in the study designs, lesion descriptors used and conclusions derived. In our systematic analysis and meta-review, we have attempted to homogenize the reported features and provide a comprehensive view of the disease pattern and progression in different clinical stages. After an extensive literature search, we short-listed and reviewed 49 studies including over 4145 patients with 3615 RT-PCR positive cases of COVID-19 disease. We have found that there is a good agreement among these studies that diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) is the most common finding at all stages of the disease followed by consolidations and mixed density lesions. 78% of patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections had either ground-glass opacities, consolidation or both. Inter-lobular septal thickening was also found to be a common feature in many patients in advanced stages. The progression of these initial patchy GGO’s and consolidations to diffuse lesions with septal thickening, air bronchograms in the advanced stages, to either diffuse “white-out” lungs needing ICU admissions or finally resolving completely without or with residual fibrotic strips was also found to be congruent among multiple studies. Prominent juxta- lesional pulmonary vessels, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy in RT-PCR proven cases were found to have poor clinical prognosis. Additionally, we noted wide variation in terminology used to describe lesions across studies and suggest the use of standardized lexicons to describe findings related to diseases of vital importance.
Changes in soil fungal communities following anthropogenic disturbance are linked to decreased lodgepole pine seedling performance
Authors: Beck Jackson L. , Cale Jonathan A. , Rodriguez‐Ramos Jean C. , Kanekar Sanat S. , Karst Justine , Cahill James F. , Simard Suzanne W. , Erbilgin Nadir 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Disturbances are frequent events across the Canadian boreal forest and can affect both below‐ and above‐ground ecosystem processes. How disturbances change below‐ground soil fungal communities and in‐turn affect pine establishment and performance is poorly understood. Such understanding has become increasingly important in light of observed changes in disturbance regimes in recent years due to climate change.

We used a greenhouse experiment to determine how soil inoculum collected from lodgepole pine stands undisturbed (control) or disturbed by fire, mountain pine beetle outbreak, logging and salvage logging affect pine seedling performance in western Canada. We first characterized whether fungal communities of seedling roots change as a function of inoculum source, and then determined whether changes in fungal community composition impact pine seedling performance (biomass and height).

Root fungal communities of pine seedlings from logged and salvage logged disturbances differed from their respective paired controls, while soils from natural disturbances (fire and beetle outbreak) did not. Among disturbances, the pine root fungal communities of fire and salvage logged disturbances differed.

In parallel to the root fungal communities, seedling performance also decreased when comparing logging and salvage logging disturbances to paired controls. Among disturbance treatments, seedlings from the salvage logged disturbance did not grow as big as seedlings inoculated with soils from burned forests.

Synthesis and application. Our findings indicate that anthropogenic disturbances (logging and salvage logging) can have cross‐generational impacts on pine seedling performance, through functional shifts in seedling root fungal community structure. Furthermore, the impacts of soil fungi on pine seedlings appear to be pronounced following salvage logging, stressing the importance of compound disturbance events. These findings may be important to land managers considering clear‐cut logging or salvage logging in pine forests, particularly where soil biotic communities are likely to be one of the predominate factors in pine establishment.