bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arap Dilinde Morfemler ve Cümlenin Anlamsal Yorumuna Etkileri
Authors: GÜRPINAR Büşra , ASUTAY Muhammet 
Published: June 2020

Bir metinde okuduğumuz ya da duyduğumuz her kelimenin bir sözlük anlamı olduğu gibi bir de biçiminden (morf) kazanmış olduğu anlamı vardır. Bu biçimsel yapı bize kelimenin cümle içerisindeki anlamını tanımlamamız bakımından ipuçları vermektedir. Cümleye bu biçimsel yapının kazandırdığı anlama ise morfolojik anlam denir. Bu anlam türünün temel ögesi ise morfemlerdir. Morfemler bir dilin daha küçük parçalara ayrılamayan en küçük anlamlı birimleridir. Bu birimlerin bir kısmı tek başına kullanıldığında da bir anlam ifade ederken, diğer kısmı yalnızca anlamlı başka birimlere bitişerek anlam kazanabilir. Bunlardan birincisine “bağımsız morfemler” derken ikincisine “bağımlı morfemler” dememizin sebebi budur. Bu morfemler kendi aralarında cümlenin anlamına etkileri, gramatik fonksiyonları gibi sebeplerden dolayı çeşitli gruplara ayrılır.	Arapça morfolojik yapısı itibariyle hayli zor bir dildir. Zira bir yandan bükümlü bir dilken diğer yandan baştan, ortadan ve sondan ek alabilen bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu yüzden bazen alışageldiğimiz morfoloji tanımlarının içine dahil etmekte zorlandığımız yapıları da bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu anlamda Arap dili morfolojisi üzerine kitaplar yazılabilecek derinlikte bir deryadır. Bu makalede yapılacak çalışmalara temel bir taslak sunmak amacıyla Arap Dili morfolojisinin temel yapıları ele alınacaktır. Bu makale hazırlanmakta olan “Arap Dilinde Morfolojik Anlam” isimli yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir.
Robust regional clustering and modeling of nonstationary summer temperature extremes across Germany
Authors: Carney Meagan , Kantz Holger 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We use sophisticated machine-learning techniques on a network of summer temperature and precipitation time series taken from stations throughout Germany for the years from 1960 to 2018. In particular, we consider (normalized) maximized mutual information as the measure of similarity and expand on recent clustering methods for climate modeling by applying a weighted kernel-based k-means algorithm. We find robust regional clusters that are both time invariant and shared by networks defined separately by precipitation and temperature time series. Finally, we use the resulting clusters to create a nonstationary model of regional summer temperature extremes throughout Germany and are thereby able to quantify the increase in the probability of observing high extreme summer temperature values (>35 ∘C) compared with the last 30 years.
Rhönite in Cenozoic alkali basalt from Changle, Shandong Province, China, and its significance
Authors: Kong Fan-Mei , Schertl Hans-Peter , Zhao Ling-Quan , Li Xu-Ping , Liu Xiao-Han 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Four Cenozoic, rhönite-bearing alkali-olivine basalt samples from the
Changle area (Shandong Province, China) show an intracontinental character
and were generated in an extensional setting. Petrographic studies document
different generations of rhönite. In three samples, rhönite occurs
either as a reaction product surrounding coarse-grained corundum, spinel and
phlogopite or along cleavage planes in phlogopite. In one sample
rhönite forms disseminated crystals in a mantle xenolith, possibly
formed by a reaction of coarse-grained orthopyroxene or spinel with a melt.
Rhönite exhibits a wide range of compositions: 22.9 wt %–33.0 wt %
SiO2, 13.3 wt %–19.0 wt % Al2O3, 9.4 wt %–19.9 wt % MgO and
10.210.2 wt %–24.5 wt % FeO. The derived primary substitutions include (1) SiIV + NaVII = (Al, Fe3+)IV + CaVII, (2) MgVI = (Fe2+, Mn2+)VI and (3) TiVI + (Mg + Fe2+ + Mn2+)VI = 2Fe3+VI. Rare-earth-element (REE) patterns of euhedral rhönite crystals from the mantle xenolith
(sample SS17) and those surrounding spinel (sample CL04) have a concave-upward shape
for the heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) and are slightly enriched in the light rare-earth elements (LREEs). These patterns resemble
those of kaersutitic amphibole and kaersutite reported from basanite,
olivine nephelinite, transitional alkali-olivine basalt and hawaiite. In
contrast, REE patterns of the other two samples containing fine-grained,
anhedral and acicular rhönite crystals (samples CL01 and EGS03) are
relatively steep, with lower HREE and higher LREE abundances, similar to
those of ocean island basalts (OIBs). All types of Changle rhönite show
positive Nb, Ti and V anomalies in spidergrams normalized to primitive
mantle. Mineral assemblages of the studied samples indicate that rhönite
crystallized at different stages within a temperature range from about
950 to 1180 ∘C and at pressures below 0.5 kbar, with
fO2 below the NNO buffer. The chemical composition of Changle
rhönite is interpreted to depend on the composition of the initial
silicate melt, the redox conditions during crystallization and the
composition of the minerals involved in reactions to form rhönite. Similar to metasomatic mantle amphibole, the compositions of Changle
rhönites cover the I-Amph (I-amphibole) and S-Amph (S-amphibole) fields, indicating that they may
have formed due to an intraplate metasomatic event, overprinting an older
metasomatic subduction episode.
Partitioning growing season water balance within a forested boreal catchment using sap flux, eddy covariance, and a process-based model
Authors: Kozii Nataliia , Haahti Kersti , Tor-ngern Pantana , Chi Jinshu , Hasselquist Eliza Maher , Laudon Hjalmar , Launiainen Samuli , Oren Ram , Peichl Matthias , Wallerman Jörgen , Hasselquist Niles J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Although it is well known that evapotranspiration (ET) represents an important water flux at local to global scales, few studies have quantified the
magnitude and relative importance of ET and its individual flux components in
high-latitude forests. In this study, we combined empirical sapflux, throughfall, and eddy-covariance measurements with estimates from a process-based model to partition the water balance in a northern boreal
forested catchment. This study was conducted within the Krycklan catchment, which has a rich history of hydrological measurements, thereby providing us with the unique opportunity to compare the absolute and relative magnitudes of
ET and its flux components to other water balance components. During the
growing season, ET represented ca. 85 % of the incoming precipitation. Both
empirical results and model estimates suggested that tree transpiration
(T) and evaporation of intercepted water from the tree canopy (IC)
represented 43 % and 31 % of ET, respectively, and together were equal to ca. 70 % of incoming precipitation during the growing season. Understory evapotranspiration (ETu) was less important than T and IC during most of the
study period, except for late autumn, when ETu was the largest ET flux component. Overall, our study highlights the importance of trees in regulating the
water cycle of boreal catchments, implying that forest management impacts on
stand structure as well as climate change effects on tree growth are likely
to have large cascading effects on the way water moves through these
forested landscapes.
Event generation for probabilistic flood risk modelling: multi-site peak flow dependence model vs. weather-generator-based approach
Authors: Winter Benjamin , Schneeberger Klaus , Förster Kristian , Vorogushyn Sergiy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Flood risk assessment is an important prerequisite for risk management decisions. To estimate the risk, i.e. the probability of damage, flood damage needs to be either systematically recorded over a long period or modelled for a series of synthetically generated flood events. Since damage records are typically rare, time series of plausible, spatially coherent event precipitation or peak discharges need to be generated to drive the chain of process models. In the present study, synthetic flood events are generated by two different approaches to modelling flood risk in a meso-scale alpine study area (Vorarlberg, Austria). The first approach is based on the semi-conditional multi-variate dependence model applied to discharge series. The second approach relies on the continuous hydrological modelling of synthetic meteorological fields generated by a multi-site weather generator and using an hourly disaggregation scheme. The results of the two approaches are compared in terms of simulated spatial patterns of peak discharges and overall flood risk estimates. It could be demonstrated that both methods are valid approaches for risk assessment with specific advantages and disadvantages. Both methods are superior to the traditional assumption of a uniform return period, where risk is computed by assuming a homogeneous return period (e.g. 100-year flood) across the entire study area.
Caso Avá-Guarani e a UHE Itaipu Binacional sob os olhares da Justiça de Transição
Authors: Carvalho Navarra Júlia C 
Published: June 2020

Sob a hermenêutica da Justiça de Transição e da avaliação de meios de reparação não meramente pecuniários e punitivistas, o presente artigo versa a respeito das graves violações de Direitos Humanos sofridas pelo povo Avá-Guarani, especificamente na região Oeste do Paraná, zona de tríplice fronteira entre Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraguai. Após uma brevíssima contextualização da localidade, dos atores e do cenário político a ditar as diretrizes das violações cometidas contras o povo Guarani na região, o artigo dá especial atenção ao caso de violências empreendidas no processo de implementação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional.
Samenwerken in de forensische keten
Authors: de Vogel Vivienne , Schaftenaar Petra , van den Broek Ellen 
Published: June 2020

Interprofessional collaboration within the forensic mental health care system: worth the effort
Interprofessional collaboration in the treatment and supervision of clients in forensic mental health care is of great importance. However, collaboration between professionals within and between settings is not always easy. In this article, different forms of collaboration within the forensic mental health care system are described as well as the most important pitfalls and success factors. Finally, some recommendations are provided for practitioners, organizations and policy-makers to design and facilitate collaboration in forensic mental health care.
A systematic review of the direct and indirect effects of herbivory on plant reproduction mediated by pollination
Authors: Haas Stephanie M. , Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Plant reproduction is influenced by the net outcome of plant–herbivore and plant–pollinator interactions. While both herbivore impacts and pollinator impacts on plant reproduction have been widely studied, few studies examine them in concert.

Methodology
Here, we review the contemporary literature that examines the net outcomes of herbivory and pollination on plant reproduction and the impacts of herbivores on pollination through damage to shared host plants using systematic review tools. The direct or indirect effects of herbivores on floral tissue and reported mechanisms were compiled including the taxonomic breadth of herbivores, plants and pollinators.

Results
A total of 4,304 studies were examined producing 59 relevant studies for synthesis that reported both pollinator and herbivore measures. A total of 49% of studies examined the impact of direct damage to floral tissue through partial florivory while 36% of studies also examined the impact of vegetative damage on pollination through folivory, root herbivory, and stem damage. Only three studies examined the effects of both direct and indirect damage to pollination outcomes within the same study.

Conclusions
It is not unreasonable to assume that plants often sustain simultaneous forms of damage to different tissues and that the net effects can be assessed through differences in reproductive output. Further research that controls for other relative drivers of reproductive output but examines more than one pathway of damage simultaneously will inform our understanding of the mechanistic relevance of herbivore impacts on pollination and also highlight interactions between herbivores and pollinators through plants. It is clear that herbivory can impact plant fitness through pollination; however, the relative importance of direct and indirect damage to floral tissue on plant reproduction is still largely unknown.
Updating the Data Base of Indigenous Raw Food Materials by Analyzing Their Chemical Compositions
Authors: Aburime Lilian Chinelo 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The porosity of recent data on the chemical compositions of indigenous food might contribute to poor food choices thereby promoting food and nutrition insecurity. This study provides data on the proximate, mineral and antinutrient compositions of raw, Triticum aestivum, Musa paradisiaca, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Ipomea batata, Zea mays and Sphenostylis stenocarpa.
Methodology: The raw food materials were purchased in Nigerian markets. Corn grains and African yam bean (AYB) seeds were sorted to remove impurities and separately milled into fine flours. Green matured plantain fruits, cocoyam, yellow and orange fleshed sweet potatoes tubers were separately washed to remove adhering soil particles, peeled and sliced into a thin thickness of about 2 cm and then dried in a food dehydrator (40- 50°C) for 24 hr. After drying, they were separately milled into fine flours. Chemical properties were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Data generated were computed using means and standard deviations.
Results: The ranges of the proximate compositions of the food materials were as follows: Moisture 4.3-11.8%, ash 0.6 -2.8%, dietary fibre 3.2-17.5%, fat 0.8-4.3%, protein 2.8 - 20% and available carbohydrate 48.5 -72.5%. The mineral contents of the samples were in the following ranges; iron 0.8-5.4 mg/100 g, zinc 0.51-2.43 mg/100 g, calcium 8-109 mg/100 g, potassium 135-325 mg/100 g, sodium 3-12 mg/100 g, phosphorus 84- 688 mg/100 g, magnesium trace -119 mg/100 g. The antinutrients were as follows: trypsin inhibitors 1.85 IU/mg, phytate ranged from 5.1-6.57 mg/g, oxalate 0.21-0.29 mg/g, saponins 0.03-0.02 mg/100 g, raffinose 0.88- 2.18%, stachyose 1.93 – 3.16%, lectins 32.5 Hu/100 g and tannins 0.9 mg/g.
Conclusion: Knowing the nutrient contents of raw food materials will help food producers/processors and consumers combine foods leveraging on the comparative advantage of each nutrient to make up for limited nutrient(s). Also, knowledge of the antinutrient compositions of raw food staples will aid decisions on adequate processing methods to be employed in reducing or eliminating them.
Psychosocial Determinants of Quality of Life and Mental Health Status of Caregivers of Children with Psychopathologies in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence Deborah Adeyemi , Akinnawo Olutope E. , Akpunne Bede C. , Akintola Aderonke A. 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between Quality of Life (QoL) and psychosocial health status of caregivers of children living with diagnosed psychological disorder. A total of 309 caregivers of children with psychological disorders using a Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Nigeria (mean age = 41.2 years) were purposively selected during clinic appointment days and responded to Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Multidimensional Scale of Social Support (MSPSS), The World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that burden of care and social support were significant joint predictors of the Quality Of Life of the participants (R2= .040, p = .003), age of caregiver, duration of marriage of caregiver, child age and duration of care failed to jointly significantly predict the quality of life of caregiver (R2= .013, p = .424), but significantly predicted the psychological health of the caregivers (R2= .084, p = .000).Social support had strong beta contribution on QoL while age of caregiver had significant beta contribution on psychological health of the caregivers.
Potential Risk Factor for Malaria Infection in Banjarnegara, Indonesia: A Matched Case-control Study
Authors: Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Pradita Maririn Devi 
Published: June 2020

Context: This research is performed in Banjarnegara, an endemic malaria area in Indonesia. Considering the incidence of malaria in Indonesia in the last ten years, it is essential to assess the potential risk factors to maintain the cases and to accelerate malaria elimination.
Aims: This study examined the potential risk factors from the human socio-economic aspect and human behavior for malaria cases.
Settings and Design: This is a match case-control study conducted in 34 cases and 34 controls in Banjarmangu Subdistrict, Banjarnegara, Indonesia. The subjects for the two groups were based on the routine report of Banjarmangu I public health center from July 2017–March 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the subject.
Statistical Analysis: Logistic regression was used to seek the association among the variables.
Results: This research found that installing wire netting, not sleeping under a bed net, and consuming higher transportation costs were significant protective factors for malaria cases. Having lower family income was significant as a potential risk factor for malaria cases (OR=10.68, CI = 1.01-112.59).
Conclusions: This study may explain that economic income was the essential aspect of malaria prevention as it contributed to the other health issues, such as health-seeking behavior.
CRISPR-Cas Systems: A Review of their Role as Non-Canonical Antimicrobials to Combat Drug Resistance
Authors: Adesanya Oluwafolajimi Adetoye , Oniyide Segun Abayomi 
Published: June 2020

Background: Since their discovery in 1928, antibiotics have revolutionized modern human medicine. A direct consequence of their widespread use and abuse is the concomitant development of sophisticated resistance mechanisms by microbes to most of these antibiotic agents. With a sharp fall in the number of new antibiotic agents under development, due to a decline in sectoral investment by the major pharmaceutical firms, now more than ever, there is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents, to overcome the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. One such alternative are the CRISPR-Cas systems. In this review, we discuss the discovery and evolution of the CRSIPR-Cas system, their classification, their application as antimicrobial agents and the current limitations to their use.
Main Body: Since their discovery in 1987, the CRISPR-Cas systems have evolved to possess several applications in biomedical science, including their use in gene editing, genome engineering and for treating genetic diseases. One potential application that has received less attention however is their use as sequence-specific antimicrobials. The three steps in their mechanism of action – spacer acquisition, biogenesis and interference, have been demonstrated to be effective for the highly-specific elimination of targeted bacterial strains from a mixed population of bacteria in a microbial community, as well as for driving a positive selection pressure for the development of antibiotic-sensitive bacterial strains, even to the point of reversing antimicrobial resistance through the elimination of the resistance genes. However, the use of CRISPR-based antimicrobials is fraught with several challenges, ranging from concerns about delivery platforms (phage-based vs. conjugative plasmids), their application on complex microbial communities, safety considerations, to the possibility of resistance and the many regulatory hurdles against their widespread use.
Conclusion: While their efficacy has been confirmed, more studies are required to further establish CRISPR-Cas based antimicrobials in conventional medical practice.
Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Innovative Composite Materials Using GFRP and Iron Slag for Railway Sleepers
Authors: Shanour Ali S. , Khalil Ahmed Abdelmoamen , Riad Hany Sobhy , Bakry Heba Mahmoud 
Published: June 2020

This paper presents further results of experimental testing and analytical investigation on the mechanical properties of fiber composite sleeper in order to evaluate its strength and behavior. Recycled high density polyethylene, iron slag, calcium carbonate, styrene and polyester resin were used with different percentages for manufacturing the proposed composite sleepers. Adding glass fiber ropes and woven laminates as a reinforcement to enhance the flexural capacity of the proposed composite material. Negative bending at center and positive rail seat compression were performed on full scale sleeper. Two full scale sleepers were proof loaded up to 72, 82 KN under negative bending test without any generated cracks. Also, under positive rail seat compression test, first crack occurred at load ranged from 170, 195 KN and failure load happened at load 270, 250 KN. That's mean that the strength of sleeper ranged from 36.39 to 39.30 MPa. This result showed that the proposed composite material of sleeper has sufficient strength to hold mechanical connections. Nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) predicted the behavior up to failure load of the proposed composite sleeper reasonably well. This confirms that the behavior and failure modes of composite sleeper can be well predicted by simplified analysis procedures. Comparison of proposed composite with commercially available composite and timber sleepers' behavior was presented. It is found that proposed composite sleeper performance is near or similar to that of timber and better than that of commercially available composite sleepers. It is concluded that the proposed composite sleeper can be effectively used for timber sleeper replacement.
Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Fibraurea tinctoria Leaves Extract in Experimental Rats or Animals
Authors: Al-Saikhan Fahad I. 
Published: June 2020

The activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves and anti-inflammatory was investigated. We utilized rats for which oedema was induced by carrageenan. The extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Paw oedema was significantly minimized using all prepared doses of the extract administered. The 400 mg/kg dose producing the highest oedema reduction. The Percent Inhibition with hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria and Indomethacin were 67.6% and 68.49% respectively. We concluded that this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves. I believe the results justify the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of wounds and inflammation.