bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoalbuminemia in children with cancer treated with chemotherapy
Authors: McLean Thomas Williams , Stewart Ryan Michael , Curley Thomas Patrick , Dewsnup Mark Young , Thomas Sydney Gillian , Russell Thomas Bennett , Tooze Janet Austin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypoalbuminemia is a well‐recognized finding associated with cancer, but its prevalence and prognostic significance have not been well studied in children with cancer.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy in children with cancer and its association with relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).Design/methodWe performed a single institution, IRB‐approved, retrospective review of pediatric oncology patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. Five‐year survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method; groups were compared using Cox regression.ResultsWe identified 659 pediatric patients with a first diagnosis of cancer and a serum albumin level prior to starting chemotherapy. Mean age was 8.6 years (SD = 5.8); 62% were male and 92% were non‐Hispanic. Hypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy was present at least once in 302 (45.8%). The five‐year RFS and OS of those with hypoalbuminemia and without hypoalbuminemia were not significantly different. However, patients with severe hypoalbuminemia (defined as a value 10% or more below the lower limit of normal) had inferior RFS and OS for patients with hematologic/lymphatic malignancies, and inferior RFS for patients with metstatic Ewing sarcoma.ConclusionHypoalbuminemia prior to starting chemotherapy in pediatric oncology patients is common (nearly half in this cohort). Severe hypoalbuminemia was associated with inferior 5‐year RFS in some subgroups.
Development of a comprehensive pediatric oncology rehabilitation program
Authors: L'Hotta Allison J. , Beam Irene A. , Thomas Kristin M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComprehensive cancer rehabilitation programs are essential to enhance patient outcomes. Services vary by institution, and few oncology programs have comprehensive cancer rehabilitation programs. Current rehabilitation program recommendations focus on the needs of adults; the unique needs of children and adolescents with cancer also require attention. Pediatric oncology rehabilitation is an emerging area of practice, and more pediatric institutions are exploring how to develop consistent and streamlined services. To assist practitioners in program development and to raise awareness of the rehabilitation needs of this population throughout the continuum of care, we describe the development of a multidisciplinary pediatric cancer rehabilitation program.
Exploring heterogeneity of adrenal cortical tumors in children: The French pediatric rare tumor group (Fracture) experience
Authors: Picard Cécile , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Leblond Pierre , Brugières Laurence , Thomas‐Teinturier Cécile , Hameury Frédéric , Defachelles Anne‐Sophie , Verschuur Arnauld , Brisse Hervé J , Sarnacki Sabine , Dijoud Frédérique , Reguerre Yves , Chastagner Pascal , Carton Matthieu , Orbach Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPediatric adrenal cortical tumors are characterized by a wide spectrum of behavior. Questions remain regarding intermediate disease stages with isolated tumor rupture or relapse.ObjectivesTo describe clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, and outcome of patients depending on disease stage, tumor rupture, or in case of a refractory tumor, to discuss optimal management.Material and methodsPediatric patients with histological material reviewed and treated between 2000 and 2018 in 23 French oncology centers were included.ResultsAmong 95 cases, 59% of patients had stage I tumors (n = 55), 16% had stage II tumors (n = 16), 19% had stage III tumors (n = 17), and 5% had stage IV tumors (n = 5) (missing data: 2). Overall, 27% of patients (n = 25) had an unfavorable histology. Initial tumor resection was performed for 90% of patients (n = 86). Systemic therapies included mitotane in 20 cases and chemotherapy in 13 cases. Among 17 stage III patients, 12 had microscopic residual tumor due to an initial biopsy (n = 5), intraoperative rupture (n = 8), or surgical resection with microscopic residue or tumor spillage surgery (n = 1) (two patients with two modalities). After a median follow‐up of 96 months (25‐119), four early progressions and two relapses occurred. A total of seven patients died, including five of disease. Stage III diseases due to microscopic residual disease correlated with a worse prognosis: 5‐year progression‐free survival 44% (95% CI, 22‐87%) versus 82% (95% CI, 73‐91%) for the whole cohort (P < .0001). Among the 14 patients with refractory disease, only 3 were alive and free of disease after multimodal second‐line therapy.ConclusionsStage III diseases due to a microscopic residual tumor have a dismal prognosis, arguing for the systematic use of adjuvant therapy. Patients with a relapsed disease should be included in experimental studies.
Prenatal cerebral imaging features of a new syndromic entity related to KIAA1109 pathogenic variants mimicking tubulinopathy
Authors: Cabet Sara , Putoux Audrey , Buenerd Annie , Gueneau Lucie , Reymond Alexandre , Thia Edwin W.H. , Lai Angeline H.M. , Schindewolf Erica M. , Sanlaville Damien , Lesca Gaetan , Guibaud Laurent 
Published: November 2019

What's already known?

KIAA1109 pathogenic variants are associated with disorders of brain development ranging from major cerebral malformations to moderate cerebral atrophy.
The most severe form of tubulinopathies includes microlissencephaly, voluminous germinal matrices and brainstem dysgenesis.
What does this study add?

The prenatal cerebral pattern of the most severe form of KIAA1109‐related disorder can be similar to the one found in tubulinopathies but was, in our short series, associated with clubfoot and/or arthrogryposis and, in some cases, with cardiac and ophthalmologic anomalies.
Quantifying how small variations in design elements affect risk in an incident cohort study in claims
Authors: Izem Rima , Huang Ting‐Ying , Hou Laura , Pestine Ella , Nguyen Michael , Maro Judith C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological study reporting is improving but is not transparent enough for easy evaluation or replication. One barrier is insufficient details about design elements in published studies.MethodsUsing a previously conducted drug safety evaluation in claims as a test case, we investigated the impact of small changes in five key design elements on risk estimation. These elements are index day of incident exposure's determination of look‐back or follow‐up periods, exposure duration algorithms, heparin exposure exclusion, propensity score model variables, and Cox proportional hazard model stratification. We covaried these elements using a fractional factorial design, resulting in 24 risk estimates for one outcome. We repeated eight of these combinations for two additional outcomes. We measured design effects on cohort sizes, follow‐up time, and risk estimates.ResultsSmall changes in specifications of index day and exposure algorithm affected the risk estimation process the most. They affected cohort size on average by 8 to 10%, follow‐up time by up to 31%, and magnitude of log hazard ratios by up to 0.22. Other elements affected cohort before matching or risk estimate's precision but not its magnitude. Any change in design substantially altered the matched control‐group subjects in 1:1 matching.ConclusionsExposure‐related design elements require attention from investigators initiating, evaluating, or wishing to replicate a study or from analysts standardizing definitions. The methods we developed, using factorial design and mapping design effect on causal estimation process, are applicable to planning of sensitivity analyses in similar studies.
Data linkage in pharmacoepidemiology: A call for rigorous evaluation and reporting
Authors: Pratt Nicole L. , Mack Christina D. , Meyer Anne Marie , Davis Kourtney J. , Hammill Bradley G. , Hampp Christian , Setoguchi Soko , Raman Sudha R. , Chun Danielle S. , Stürmer Til , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on the evaluation of data linkage quality through the development of a checklist for reporting key elements of the linkage process.MethodsResponding to a call for manuscripts from the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE), a working group including international representation from the academic, industry, and contract research, and regulatory sectors was formed to develop a checklist for evaluation of data linkage performance and reporting data linkage specifically for pharmacoepidemiologic research. This checklist expands on the reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data specific to pharmacoepidemiology (RECORD‐PE) guidelines.ResultsA key aspect of data linkage evaluation for pharmacoepidemiology is to articulate how a linkage process was performed and its accuracy in terms of validation and verification of the resulting linked data. This study generates a checklist, which covers domains including data sources, linkage variables, linkage methods, linkage results, and linkage evaluation. For each domain, specific recommendations provide a clear and transparent assessment of the linkage process.ConclusionsLinking data sources can help to enrich analytic databases to more accurately define study populations, enable adjustment for confounding, and improve the capture of health outcomes. Clear and transparent reporting of data linkage processes will help to increase confidence in the evidence generated from these data by allowing researchers and end users to critically assess the potential for bias owing to the data linkage process.
Enlarging Surface/Bulk Ratios of NiO Nanoparticles toward High Utilization and Rate Capability for Supercapacitors
Authors: Hei Jinpei , Su Liwei , Chen Siyuan , Ye Weijun , Zhan Jing , Wang Lianbang , Gao Yunfang , Wang Hongxia , Wang Yuanhao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReasonable design and delicate control of microstructures are critical to achieve high energy density of active materials for pseudocapacitors that seriously depend on usable reaction interface. This work shows the effect of ultrasmall particle size on enhancing utilization and rate performance of active materials. Three types of NiO nanocrystals with different sizes of 3.36, 6.24, and 7.18 nm in average diameter are uniformly distributed on mesoporous carbon nanosheets derived from corn straw piths. The nanosheets with 3.36 nm NiO particles present an extremely high NiO utilization of 93.4% (2404 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), which is 2–2.5‐fold higher than materials with large sizes (6.24 and 7.18 nm). This enhancement is ascribed to more complete conversion and higher ionic/electronic conductivity from a preferable surface/bulk ratio of NiO. By coupling with commercial activated carbon, the asymmetric supercapacitors present high energy and power densities (28.53 Wh kg−1 at 375 W kg−1), with 78.3% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Identifying pneumococci in parapneumonic pleural effusion: Is there a role for culture‐independent methods?
Authors: Pizzutti Kauana , Perez Vinícius P. , Barbiero Caroline , d'Azevedo Pedro A. , Fischer Gilberto B. , Dias Cícero 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate culture‐independent procedures (immunochromatography and quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) in the detection and susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae directly from culture‐negative pleural fluid (PF) in children.MethodDetection of S. pneumoniae in PF of children with parapneumonic effusion and/or empyema by using two culture‐independent methods: an immunochromatographic membrane test (IMT) which identifies the pneumococcal C antigen, and a real‐time PCR test to detect pneumococcal genes lytA and pbp2b, a marker of susceptibility of β‐lactam agents, in PF samples.ResultsWe tested 36 PF specimens and recorded the previous use of antimicrobials. In the final analysis, 34 samples were included. IMT and qPCR presented positive results in 23 (67.6%) and 24 (70.6%) of the samples, respectively, showing a moderate agreement (k = 0.518) between the two methods.From the 36 children included, 34 (94.4%) had antibiotic data available by the time when PFs were collected. Thirty‐four (100%) children had been given treatment before PF sampling, with 33 (97%) receiving β‐lactam antibiotics administered empirically. Of the 24 lytA real‐time positive samples, 21 (87.5%) were also positive for pbp2b, a marker of β‐lactam susceptibility.ConclusionThe reduced sensitivity of culture for pneumococcal detection can be improved through the addition of IMT and qPCR analysis. The utility of qPCR combining detection of lytA and a marker of β‐lactam susceptibility should be explored further.
A Study on the Characteristics of Solid Propellant Using a Defoamer
Authors: Park Sungjun , Choi Sunghan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics of solid propellants with a defoamer. Particularly, this work is an important experiment to confirm the applicability of new raw materials in propellant formulation. The compatibility of a defoamer and oxidizer (AP) showed that the defoamer is suitable as propellant through the differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the sensitivity test of the propellant with the defoamer was performed. The result indicated normality exists in the impact and friction sensitivity compared with the basic propellant. However, the wet propellant showed an impact sensitivity increase of 175 %. It means that it is very insensitive. When non‐silicone defoamer was applied, the viscosity of the propellant with defoamer was excellent, and the initial viscosity of the propellant was reduced by approximately 13 % compared with a basic propellant. Meanwhile, the initial viscosity of the silicone defoamer increased by approximately 42 %. The maximum tensile stress increased by approximately 1.8 %, and the elongation at the maximum tensile stress increased by 9 % when the non‐silicone defoamer was applied. However, the maximum tensile stress decreased by approximately 29.1 %, and the elongation at the maximum tensile stress reduced by 7.7 % when the silicone defoamer was applied. Therefore, the non‐silicone defoamer was considerably suitable for the propellant.
Acculturation of rural–urban migrants in urbanising China: a multidimensional and bicultural framework
Authors: Yue Zhongshan , Fong Eric , Li Shuzhuo , Feldman Marcus W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn many developing countries, including China, large numbers of internal migrants move to cities from rural areas in pursuit of an urban dream, but few studies have addressed acculturation of rural–urban migrants. We construct a multidimensional (in terms of components of acculturation such as practices, values, and identifications) and bicultural acculturation framework to understand adaptation by these migrants. Using data from a Guangzhou survey of rural–urban migrants in 2015–2016 and latent class analysis, four categories are identified, including two subtypes of integration and two subtypes of separation, which provide partial support for Berry's four‐category acculturation model. The cultural distance hypothesis, that is, increasing cultural distance makes it more difficult for migrants to achieve integration, is partially confirmed at both individual and regional levels. These findings validate our theoretical framework for the pattern of acculturation.
Determinants of migration and household member arrangement among poor rural households in China: The case of North Jiangsu
Authors: Tang Shuangshuang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfter decades of rural‐to‐urban migration, alleviating poverty among rural populations has become a priority of the central government of China. Migration is assumed to be a strategy for poor rural populations to cope with poverty. Nevertheless, extant research has paid little attention to migration determinants and household arrangements of poor rural populations in particular. Moreover, existing literature regarding migration in China from a household perspective is relatively scare. Therefore, based on a recent survey in North Jiangsu, China, this paper attempts to explore both migration determinants and the organisations of poor rural households in particular from a household perspective. The findings show that migration is an important livelihood strategy of poor rural households, triggered by limited farmland and major family events, which heavily relies on household structure and educational attainment of household members. In addition, it is observed that poor rural households adopt diversified strategies to arrange family members either within or outside the home village in order to boost household income. The findings reveal the importance of migration for poor rural households and the dilemmas that poor rural households tend to face. Reducing rural poverty in China requires policies that are more responsive to the needs of rural families for local employments, quality education, and long‐term insurance programmes.
Single-cell characterization and metabolic profiling of in vitro cultured human skeletal progenitors with enhanced in vivo bone forming capacity
Authors: Bolander Johanna , Herpelinck Tim , Chaklader Malay , Gklava Charikleia , Geris Liesbet , Luyten Frank P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCell populations and their interplay provide the basis of a cell-based regenerative construct. Serum-free preconditioning can overcome the less predictable behavior of serum expanded progenitor cells, but the underlying mechanism and how this is reflected in vivo remains unknown. Herein, the cellular and molecular changes associated with a cellular phenotype shift induced by serum-free preconditioning of human periosteum-derived cells were investigated. Following BMP-2 stimulation, preconditioned cells displayed enhanced in vivo bone forming capacity, associated with an adapted cellular metabolism together with an elevated expression of BMPR2. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the activation of pathways and transcriptional regulators involved in bone development and fracture healing, providing support for the augmentation of specified skeletal progenitor cell populations. The reported findings illustrate the importance of appropriate in vitro conditions for the in vivo outcome. In addition, BMPR2 represents a promising biomarker for the enrichment of skeletal progenitor cells for in vivo bone regeneration.Significance statement A critical number of in vitro expanded progenitor cells provide the key driving force in a cell-based regenerative construct. Standard expansion protocols highly affect the initial cellular phenotype due to the focus on fast expansion rather than on the maintenance of the progenitor potential. This article describes a serum-free preconditioning regime of in vitro expanded human periosteum-derived cells that lead to a progenitor cell with enhanced in vivo bone forming capacity at the single cell level. This phenotype shift was associated with an adapted cellular metabolism and activation of pathways and transcriptional regulators involved in bone development and fracture healing, illustrating the importance of appropriate in vitro conditions for the in vivo outcome.
Translating intracarotid artery transplantation of bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells for ischemic stroke: Behavioral and histological readouts and mechanistic insights into stem cell therapy
Authors: Kaneko Yuji , Lee Jea-Young , Tajiri Naoki , Tuazon Julian P. , Lippert Trenton , Russo Eleonora , Yu Seong-Jin , Bonsack Brooke , Corey Sydney , Coats Alexandreya B. , Kingsbury Chase , Chase Thomas N. , Koga Minako , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study used in vitro and in vivo stroke models to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of adult human bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells. Coculture with NCS-01 cells protected primary rat cortical cells or human neural progenitor cells from oxygen glucose deprivation. Adult rats that were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, transiently or permanently, and subsequently received intracarotid artery or intravenous transplants of NCS-01 cells displayed dose-dependent improvements in motor and neurological behaviors, and reductions in infarct area and peri-infarct cell loss, much better than intravenous administration. The optimal dose was 7.5 × 106 cells/mL when delivered via the intracarotid artery within 3 days poststroke, although therapeutic effects persisted even when administered at 1 week after stroke. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cells, NCS-01 cells ameliorated both the structural and functional deficits after stroke through a broad therapeutic window. NCS-01 cells secreted therapeutic molecules, such as basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-6, but equally importantly we observed for the first time the formation of filopodia by NCS-01 cells under stroke conditions, characterized by cadherin-positive processes extending from the stem cells toward the ischemic cells. Collectively, the present efficacy readouts and the novel filopodia-mediated mechanism of action provide solid lab-to-clinic evidence supporting the use of NCS-01 cells for treatment of stroke in the clinical setting.Significance statement The present study recognizes critical translational gaps in stem cell transplant dose, route, and timing after stroke, and acknowledges solid safety profile of mesenchymal stem cells. The study tested a human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell line called NCS-01 in oxygen glucose deprivation and middle cerebral artery occlusion models, which revealed the optimal dose of 7.5 × 106 cells/mL via the intracarotid artery within 3 days poststroke. Secretion of cytokines, specifically bFGF and IL-6, and filopodia formation, are potential mechanisms. Based on these preclinical data, the FDA in July 2019 approved intracarotid NCS-01 cell transplantation in ischemic stroke patients.
PtTe2‐Based Type‐II Dirac Semimetal and Its van der Waals Heterostructure for Sensitive Room Temperature Terahertz Photodetection
Authors: Xu Huang , Guo Cheng , Zhang Jiazhen , Guo Wanlong , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Hu Weida , Wang Lin , Chen Gang , Politano Antonio , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed rapid progresses made in the photoelectric performance of two‐dimensional materials represented by graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Despite significant efforts, a photodetection technique capable for longer wavelength, higher working temperature as well as fast responsivity, is still facing huge challenges due to a lack of best among bandgap, dark current, and absorption ability. Exploring topological materials with nontrivial band transport leads to peculiar properties of quantized phenomena such as chiral anomaly, and magnetic‐optical effect, which enables a novel feasibility for an advanced optoelectronic device working at longer wavelength. In this work, the direct generation of photocurrent at low energy terahertz (THz) band at room temperature is implemented in a planar metal–PtTe2–metal structure. The results show that the THz photodetector based on PtTe2 with bow‐tie‐type planar contacts possesses a high photoresponsivity (1.6 A W−1 without bias voltage) with a response time less than 20 µs, while the PtTe2–graphene heterostructure‐based detector can reach responsivity above 1.4 kV W−1 and a response time shorter than 9 µs. Remarkably, it is already exploitable for large area imaging applications. These results suggest that topological semimetals such as PtTe2 can be ideal materials for implementation in a high‐performing photodetection system at THz band.