bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Go with the flow: Fragment retention patterns shape the vegetative dispersal of aquatic plants in lowland streams
Authors: Heidbüchel Patrick , Sachs Maria , Hamzehian Nadia , Hussner Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dispersal of aquatic plant propagules is highly facilitated in streams due to flow. As many aquatic plants predominantly spread through vegetative propagules, the specific retention and thus drift distance of dispersed plant fragments largely contribute to the rapid spread along the course of a stream.We determined fragment retention for four aquatic plant species (Elodea canadensis,Myriophyllum spicatum,Ceratophyllum demersum,Salvinia natans; representing four different common morpho‐structural groups) in sections of small to medium‐sized German streams with different levels of stream sinuosity.The number of fragments showed a logistic decline over drift distance. In two small streams, 90% of drifting fragments were retained at distances (D90) of only 5–9 m and 19–70 m, while higherD90values of 116–903 m and 153–2,367 m were determined for sections of a medium‐sized stream. The likelihood of retention thereby decreased significantly with increasing stream size and was reduced in straightened stream sections.Differences in retention were more strongly related to fragment buoyancy rather than fragment size and morphology. Increasing buoyancy significantly lowered the likelihood of fragment retention over drift distance by a factor of 3–8, whereas contrasting effects were documented for size and morphology of fragments.The relevance of different obstacles was highly stream section‐specific and depended on obstacle abundance, distribution, and the degree of submergence/emergence.Our findings elucidate the dynamic retention patterns of plant fragments and highlight the strong interplay between extrinsic (stream) and intrinsic (fragment) properties. We conclude that straightened lowland streams of intermediate size promote the rapid dispersal of invasive aquatic plants and are particularly prone to invaders producing large amounts of small and highly buoyant plant fragments. Information on the species‐specific fragment colonisation dynamics in the field is further required to improve our understanding of the vegetative dispersal capacity of invasive aquatic plants in stream ecosystems.
Latitudinal gradient of termite diversity indicates higher diversification and narrower thermal niches in the tropics
Authors: Cerezer Felipe Osmari , de Azevedo Renato Almeida , Nascimento Marcelo André Souza , Franklin Elizabeth , de Morais José Wellington , de Sales Dambros Cristian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the contributions of ecosystem productivity, temperature‐dependent metabolism and climatic tolerances to the latitudinal gradient in species richness and changes in species composition in tropical and subtropical regions.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedTermites.MethodsWe compiled termite occurrence data from papers using the standardized sampling protocol proposed 20 years ago by Jones and Eggleton. Three continents, 28 countries and 494 sampling plots were included in our database. We used structural equation models to determine the direct and indirect effects of productivity, and the average and extreme values of temperature and precipitation on termite species richness. We also compared the observed association between diversity and temperature with predictions from the metabolic theory of ecology and compared how the similarity in species composition relates to geographic distance and environmental differences in tropical versus subtropical regions.ResultsTermite species richness was, directly and indirectly, related to average and extreme temperatures, but not to productivity. However, the association of species richness and temperature was much stronger than predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology. Moreover, species composition changed more rapidly with geographic distance and temperature differences between plots in the tropics than in the subtropics.Main conclusionsThese results suggest that the increase of species richness toward the equator cannot be explained by productivity gradients. Instead, the increase in the speciation rates and the narrow species niches along the temperature gradient in tropical regions likely determine the distribution of termites at broad spatial scales.
What happens to growth when a long‐term political leader leaves office?
Authors: Kolstad Ivar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe analyze the economic performance of countries after a multi‐decade political ruler, defined as having been in office 20 or more years, loses power. For 37 countries experiencing such an end‐of‐reign event in the period 1971–2005, we use an event study approach to compare growth in the decade following the event with growth in pre‐event periods. The results show that event countries have below average growth in the year a long‐term political leader leaves office and that cumulative growth in the ensuing decade at best matches and at worst falls significantly short of pre‐event growth levels. Growth contractions are no different following irregular transitions than after regular transitions, suggesting our results are not explained by inadvertent post‐reign turmoil. Our results instead suggest that post‐event contractions may be shaped by deliberate efforts by long‐term leaders to concentrate power while in office and poison the post‐reign economic or political environment.
Factors affecting uptake of home hemodialysis among self‐care dialysis unit patients
Authors: Haroon Sabrina , Griva Konstadina , Davenport Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionSuperior outcomes have been reported among hemodialysis (HD) patients who take active control over their dialysis treatment either at self‐care satellite dialysis units or home compared to the regular in‐center hemodialysis patient. Although the differences between the home hemodialysis (HHD) and self‐care in‐center HD (SCHD) are not well described, the growing literature on the superior outcomes of HHD suggests that HHD is the better option.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study in a stand‐alone self‐care unit to examine the differences in patients that are keen to consider HHD and those who are not.FindingsA cross‐sectional sample of 44 patients completed a structured interview and the distress thermometer score used to assess psychological stress. Only 68% of patients reported to have heard about the benefits of HHD despite the long‐established history and availability of the modality in the unit. One of the more critical findings in our study was that the cohort of patients who were keen to consider HHD believed that self‐care and HHD would improve their quality of life (P < 0.05). Specifically, the perceived benefits stated by those willing to consider HHD were the lack of need to travel, association with better outcomes and the possibility of having the treatment in the comfort of home (P < 0.05).DiscussionWe surmise that the answers expressed in this survey likely reflect a difference in perceptions of self‐care and beliefs about HHD; hence, the importance of introducing HHD education earlier in the course of their chronic kidney disease journey.
Muscle strengthening intervention for boys with haemophilia: Developing and evaluating a best‐practice exercise programme with boys, families and health‐care professionals
Authors: Hashem Ferhana , Stephensen David , Drechsler Wendy I. , Bladen Melanie , Carroll Liz , Tracy Pellatt‐Higgins , Saloniki Eirini‐Christina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle strengthening exercises have the potential to improve outcomes for boys with haemophilia, but it is unclear what types of exercise might be of benefit. We elicited the views of health‐care professionals, boys and their families to create and assess a home‐based muscle strengthening programme.ObjectiveTo design and develop a muscle strengthening programme with health‐care professionals aimed at improving musculoskeletal health, and refine the intervention by engaging boys with haemophilia and their families (Study 1). Following delivery, qualitatively evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the exercise programme with the boys and the study's physiotherapists (Study 2).DesignA person‐based approach was used for planning and designing the exercise programme, and evaluating it post‐delivery. The following methods were utilized: modified nominal group technique (NGT) with health‐care professionals; focus group with families; exit interviews with boys; and interviews with the study's physiotherapists.ResultsThemes identified to design and develop the intervention included exercises to lower limb and foot, dosage, age accommodating, location, supervision and monitoring and incentivization. Programme refinements were carried out following engagement with the boys and families who commented on: dosage, location, supervision and incentivization. Following delivery, the boys and physiotherapists commented on progression and adaptation, physiotherapist contact, goal‐setting, creating routines and identifying suitable timeframes, and a repeated theme of incentivization.ConclusionsAn exercise intervention was designed and refined through engagement with boys and their families. Boys and physiotherapists involved in the intervention's delivery were consulted who found the exercises to be generally acceptable with some minor refinements necessary.
In vivo anti‐ageing activity of cream containing niosomes loaded with purple glutinous rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) extract
Authors: Manosroi J. , Chankhampan C. , Kitdamrongtham W. , Zhang J. , Abe M. , Akihisa T. , Manosroi W. , Manosroi A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐ageing activity of cream containing the methanolic purple glutinous rice extract loaded in niosomes.MethodsThe in vitro biological activities of the purple glutinous rice extracted by methanol maceration were determined. The extract loaded in niosomes and the cream containing the niosomes were developed. The in vivo anti‐ageing activity in 20 human volunteers including skin hydration, pigmentation, roughness and elasticity after daily application for 28 days compared to at initial was evaluated by Corneometer, Mexameter, Visiometer and Cutometer, respectively.ResultsThe purple glutinous rice extract showed free radical scavenging (SC50), lipid peroxidation inhibition (IPC50), metal ion chelating (CC50) and tyrosinase inhibition (IC50) values at 32.31 ± 1.28, 57.40 ± 2.12, 85.05 ± 5.43 and 43.89 ± 2.14 mg/mL which were 0.00031, 0.011, 0.0078 and 0.0016 times of the standards (0.01 ± 0.00, 0.62 ± 0.14, 0.66 ± 0.05 and 0.07 ± 0.01), respectively. The purple glutinous rice extract contained 0.35 µg of anthocyanin/1 mg of the extract determined by HPLC. After loaded in niosomes, the solubility of the extract was not only increased in various solvents, but also the chemical stability in different environments (weak base, reducing agent and acid salt) was improved. The cream formulation containing niosomes loaded with 1%w/v of the purple glutinous rice extract indicated the anthocyanin remaining percentages after 6 cycles of heating and cooling test at 52.28% of the initial. For in vivo anti‐ageing activities, cream containing niosomes loaded with the extract gave significant decreased melanin index and skin roughness reduction of −14.05 and −9.95% of the initial, respectively. The % changes of the increased skin hydration, skin elastic extension and skin elastic recovery when applied on human volunteers’ skin with this formulation were +48.73, −24.51 and +35.98%, respectively.ConclusionThe cream containing niosomes loaded with the 1%w/v methanolic purple glutinous rice extract gave not only the suitable in vitro antioxidant activity and physical stability of the active anthocyanin, but also the superior in vivo anti‐ageing activity on human skin compared to the cream base and before application which can be further developed as a novel anti‐ageing cosmeceutical product.
Inclusion of the excluded: Consumers’ quest for hedonism in food consumption
Authors: Schneider‐Kamp Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrior research has shown that practices in aesthetically oriented cultures of consumption are orchestrated by hegemonic taste regimes. Adherence to such regimes may be challenging for some consumers such as those with food intolerances, though, exposing them to the potential social stigma invoked by nonadherence. This article investigates how consumers with food intolerance strive to adhere to hegemonic taste regimes and avoid social stigma through a qualitative study of the quest of Danish consumers with histamine intolerance to derive pleasure from hedonic food consumption. Four coping strategies are identified: experimenting in an exploration of the liminal space between consumable and nonconsumable foods, substituting nontolerable foods by safe ones, facilitating consumption of nontolerable foods through the use of medical and technological aids, and prioritizing practices of hedonic food consumption over adverse bodily reactions. These coping strategies are conjectured to be generalizable in the context of other aesthetically oriented (sub‐)cultures of consumption and suggest an alternative perspective on hedonism as minimization of loss of pleasure rather than as maximization of pleasure. The implications of the findings extend beyond the context of hedonic food consumption, though, presenting empirical evidence for and nuancing recent extensions of Goffman's theory of social stigma and providing insights on the relation between public stigma and self‐stigma, on how taste regimes can be experienced as exclusive and oppressive, and on how social stigma positively reinforces hegemonic taste regimes.
The effect of professional values of nurses on their attitudes towards caregiving roles
Authors: Tuna Rujnan , Sahin Safiye 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine the effect of professional values of nurses on their attitudes towards caregiving roles.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, correlational and descriptive study. The data were collected from 319 nurses working at different units in a public hospital between January and May 2019. The data collection tool included a 10‐question participant information form, the nursing professional values scale and the attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles. The variables were analysed using the multiple linear regression.ResultsThe nurses had professional values and attitudes towards caregiving roles at high levels. Significant differences were found in the overall scales and their subscales especially due to nurses loving their profession (P < 0.05). Attitudes of the nurses towards caregiving roles were predicted by human dignity (β = 0.52, P < 0.01), action (β = 0.34, P < 0.01) and autonomy (β = −0.29, P < 0.01). Human dignity, action and autonomy accounted for 30% of the variance in their attitudes towards caregiving roles (∆R2 = 0.30).ConclusionScores obtained by the nurses loving their profession from the nursing professional values scale and the attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles were higher. In addition, nurses' caregiving roles were explained with professional values.
Bibliometric data based on the Pharm.D. and Ph.D. degree in United States research-intensive colleges of pharmacy
Authors: Burghardt Kyle J , Howlett Bradley H , Khoury Audrey S , Fern Stephanie M , Burghardt Paul R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this work was to compare bibliometrics based on doctoral degrees within United States colleges of pharmacy to understand productivity differences. Secondary objectives were to provide quantitative data based on degree that could be utilized by individual faculty, administration and other key stakeholders in academic pharmacy.MethodsBibliometric indices were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science for faculty from research-intensive United States pharmacy schools. Scholarly metrics that included publication number, total citations, highest cited article and H-index were compared between degrees using multivariate regression adjusted for academic rank and years since first publication. A correction for multiple testing was applied.Key findingsAll collected scholarly metrics were higher for Ph.D.-only and Pharm.D./Ph.D. faculty when compared to Pharm.D.-only faculty. Ph.D.-only faculty significantly differed compared to Pharm.D./Ph.D. faculty for Web of Science average citations per document.ConclusionsDifferences are apparent between the major doctoral degrees at research-intensive, federally funded colleges of pharmacy; however, these differences were primarily identified for Pharm.D.-only compared to the other doctoral degree types Future work should analyse the potential variables that explain the scholarly metrics differences between degrees and aim to analyse other areas of faculty impact beyond scholarly metrics.
Functional outcomes of transurethral thulium laser enucleation versus bipolar transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia over a period of 12 months: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Shoji Sunao , Hanada Izumi , Otaki Tatsuya , Ogawa Takahiro , Yamada Koichiro , Uchida Takato , Higure Taro , Kawakami Masayoshi , Kim Hakushi , Nitta Masahiro , Hasegawa Masanori , Kawamura Yoshiaki , Miyajima Akira 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate functional outcomes over a year for benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with thulium laser enucleation of the prostate or bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate.MethodsIn this study, we prospectively included 140 patients who were treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia from April 2017 to February 2019. A randomization list was used for non‐blind assignment to treatment groups (thulium laser enucleation of the prostate or bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate). The International Prostate Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, uroflowmetry and International Index of Erectile Function‐5 were used for the assessment of outcomes. Scores were taken before treatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment.ResultsPreoperatively, characteristics of patients in the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group (n = 70) and the bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate group (n = 70) did not significantly differ. The thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group had a lower median decrease in hemoglobin (0.10 g/dL vs 0.69 g/dL, P < 0.0001) and shorter median catheterization (2 days vs 3 days, P < 0.0001) than the bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate group. Both groups had significantly improved International Prostate Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, maximum flow rate and residual urine compared with preoperative values. In the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group, erectile function was significantly impaired at 1 month post‐treatment compared with pretreatment, but improved to baseline at 3 months; however, the transurethral resection of the prostate group did not recover. However, total energy (P = 0.001) and laser irradiation time (P = 0.025) were significantly different between the patients who had preserved erectile function and those who did not after the treatment in the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group.ConclusionsThulium laser enucleation of the prostate is superior to bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate in resection efficacy, hemostasis, catheterization time and preservation of erectile function. However, excessive laser irradiation time in thulium laser enucleation of the prostate has the possibility to delay improvement of overactive bladder symptoms and decrease sexual function.
International risk sharing in emerging economies
Authors: Yépez Carlos A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the apparent lack of insurance against country‐specific risk observed internationally. Using a sample of 21 emerging and 21 advanced economies over the period 1980–2014, I document new evidence from international co‐movements of prices and quantities suggesting that risk sharing is worse in emerging economies than in advanced economies. I then extend a standard international business cycle model to assess the implications of the “cycle is the trend” hypothesis for international risk sharing. I show that shocks to trend productivity growth provide a compelling explanation for the distinct risk‐sharing features of emerging market economies. The findings of this study are relevant for the conduct of stabilization policy, as it critically depends on the nature of the shocks that affect an economy.
What mental health nurses have to say about themselves: A discourse analysis
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Hurley John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMental health nursing is largely invisible within public discourse. When mentioned at all in news media, it is usually a signifier of an occupation connoting where a nurse works. There is rarely a presumption of expertise in any sphere or articulation of a unique skill set or defining features which differentiate the mental health nurse from other nurses. This paper sought to examine the professional discourse around mental health nursing as inferred from a review of papers published in the International Journal of Mental Health Nursing in 2019. A discourse analysis of full‐text papers (n = 117) was undertaken exploring references to mental health nurses or nursing and what this communicated about the field. The discourse clustered around three themes: The invisible or absent mental health nurse, ambiguous and blended identities, and a group of low attributed value and sophistication. There were few examples of authors presenting mental health nurses in a way which counters stereotypes of the dominant discourse about mental health nurses as a lesser skilled occupational group. Academics, editors, authors, and practitioners are urged to contribute to the construction of discourse around mental health nursing expertise which differentiates it from other branches of nursing and other distinctive disciplines.
Distance still matters: Local bank closures and credit availability
Authors: Kärnä Anders , Manduchi Agostino , Stephan Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, commercial banks have substantially reduced the number of their branch offices. We address the question of whether or not the increased distance to lenders caused by branch office closures translates into a lower credit supply for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). We use a unique dataset based on 33,000 loan contracts from a state‐owned Swedish bank designed to support credit‐constrained SMEs, and relate loan size and the interest rate to the number of nearby commercial bank offices. We use an IV strategy to account for potential endogeneity of the number of banks in a region. In line with previous studies, we find that interest rates increase with distance, while loan size decreases with distance. Thus, a larger number of local bank offices increases the local credit supply, and thereby reduces credit constraints of nearby SMEs.