bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internationalization and governance of Indian family-owned business groups
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Subramanian 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between corporate governance practices and internationalization through foreign direct investments in the context of family-owned business groups in India.Design/methodology/approachThe comparative case study method is used to understand the relationship between corporate governance practices and internationalization using four family-owned business groups in India.FindingsThe ownership concentration negatively influences the internationalization, while transparency has a positive association. Professionalization of management helps in internationalization. Overall, good corporate governance practices have a positive influence on group internationalization.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides detailed discussions based on the case study research which would help the future research work on the relationship between corporate governance practices and internationalization.Originality/valueThe existing literature studies in this field in the context of emerging markets are inconclusive. Hence, this paper uses the case study method to understand the relationship better.
The effectiveness of national HIV prevention education program on behavioral changes for men who have sex with men and transgender women in Thailand
Authors: Jommaroeng Rapeepun , Richter Kerry Anne , Chamratrithirong Aphichat , Soonthorndhada Amara 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the national HIV prevention outreach program for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW).

Design/methodology/approach
It examined changes in condom use, lubricant use, HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening uptake, as well as how and why changes did or did not occur. The study applied mixed methods of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Findings
There were 16,539 MSM, and TGW reached at least three times in the program during October 2011‒September 2012. The program was found to affect changes in condom use with steady partners (p<0.000), condom use with casual partners (p<0.000), water-based lubricant use (p<0.000), HTC uptake (p<0.000) and STIs screening uptake (p<0.000). Age and province of outreach are associated with HTC uptake and STI screening (p<0.000), slightly as well as gender identity (p<0.1). Gender identity and province of outreach are associated with condom use with steady partners (p<0.000). Gender identity (p<0.000) and sex work (p<0.05) are associated with the use of lubricant. The qualitative results showed that the program had an immediate effect on HTC and STIs screening due to successful bond between the outreach workers and their clients, leading to trust and influencing behavior change.

Originality/value
HIV prevention by peer educators continues to be proved the most effective method, assuming its program consistency. TGW are more vulnerable to MSM to protect themselves, and they have steady partners. Future program for MSM can be replicated and scaled up, but more empowerment component and self-esteem building should be integrated to target TGW.
Data as oil, infrastructure or asset? Three metaphors of data as economic value
Authors: Nolin Jan Michael 
Published: November 2019

PurposePrincipled discussions on the economic value of data are frequently pursued through metaphors. This study aims to explore three influential metaphors for talking about the economic value of data: data are the new oil, data as infrastructure and data as an asset.Design/methodology/approachWith the help of conceptual metaphor theory, various meanings surrounding the three metaphors are explored. Meanings clarified or hidden through various metaphors are identified. Specific emphasis is placed on the economic value of ownership of data.FindingsIn discussions on data as economic resource, the three different metaphors are used for separate purposes. The most used metaphor, data are the new oil, communicates that ownership of data could lead to great wealth. However, with data as infrastructure data have no intrinsic value. Therefore, profits generated from data resources belong to those processing the data, not those owning it. The data as an asset metaphor can be used to convince organizational leadership that they own data of great value.Originality/valueThis is the first scholarly investigation of metaphors communicating economic value of data. More studies in this area appear urgent, given the power of such metaphors, as well as the increasing importance of data in economics.
Sovereign rating announcements and the integration of African banking markets
Authors: He Jianan , Schiereck Dirk 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the information spillover of sovereign rating changes on the market valuation of bank stocks in Africa.

Design methodology
First, the authors apply event study methodology to evaluate the stock market reaction of African bank stocks on the announcement of sovereign rating changes. Second, the cross sections of the abnormal returns are examined by multivariate regression analyses. Third, the findings are proved for robustness.

Findings
The authors investigate how 37 African banks react to 203 African sovereign rating announcements from the three leading credit rating agencies over the period 2010-2016 and find that negative announcements trigger the significant positive stock reactions of African banks, especially contributed by banks in the non-reviewed African countries. These unusual reactions can be explained by the low integration and the severe information asymmetry of African capital markets. The authors further locate the influencing factors of banks’ reactions and show that rating downgrades magnify the abnormal effects while the membership of the African Free Trade Zone mildens the stock market reactions.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations are given by the limited sample size. There are only limited numbers of publicly listed African banks with sufficient trading data.

Practical implications
The paper argues for a critical dependency of African bank equity valuation in the case of sovereign debt rating changes in neighbor countries. This observation is important for the risk assessment of African banking assets.

Originality/value
The paper is the first to examine stock market reactions on sovereign rating announcements for the evaluation of capital market integration in Africa. It thereby underlines the usefulness of this simply to apply approach as an instrument for ongoing examining the progress in capital market development in emerging countries.
Do statutory internal auditors influence stock price crash risk? Firm-level evidence from Korea
Authors: Park Soo Yeon , Park Hyun-Young 
Published: November 2019

PurposeBased on 1,798 firm-year observations from 2009 to 2013, using publicly available disclosure data for Korean listed firms, this study aims to examine whether statutory internal auditors influence firm-level stock price crash risk.Design/methodology/approachBased on the bad news hoarding theory of crash risk, the authors investigate the association between the quality of statutory internal auditors and one-year-ahead stock price crash risk. The quality of statutory internal auditors is measured as the compensation of statutory internal auditors and the financial expertise of statutory internal auditors. Stock price crash risk is measured as an indicator variable whether a firm experiences one or more crash weeks during the fiscal year period.FindingsThe authors find that higher quality of statutory internal auditors – measured through greater compensation and greater financial expertise – is associated with lower possibilities of future stock price crash risk. These results indicate that high-quality statutory internal auditors mitigate bad news hoarding of managers because of their greater capability and stronger incentive to lower litigation risk and preserve their reputation. The results are mostly robust to different measures for stock price crash risk and the quality of statutory internal auditors.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study regarding stock price crash risk are important for investors because such risk can significantly affect investor welfare. The results indicate that statutory internal auditors play an important role in controlling future stock price crash risk and maintaining stability in the equity market.Originality/valueThis study adds to the extant literature on the determinants of stock price crash risk and is the first to examine the impact of internal auditors on stock price crash risk. Moreover, this study also contributes to the existing literature on internal auditor quality by showing that high-quality statutory internal auditors reduce risks in financial markets.
Examining the engagement of young consumers for religiously sanctioned food: the case of halal food in India
Authors: Hassan Yusuf , Pandey Jatin 
Published: November 2019

PurposeReligion plays an important role in promoting and inhibiting consumption of goods and services. Halal food, for instance, represents one such food permitted by Islam. Within a broader category of consumers for religiously sanctioned products such as halal food, young consumers represent an important segment, as they have a high lifetime value, thereby requiring special attention. This study aims to identify and examine individual and social factors that can foster young consumer’s engagement for halal products.Design/methodology/approachAn inductive research approach using the Gioia method has been used to develop broader themes for discussion. The authors have also proposed a model for engaging young consumers for religiously sanctioned dietary products.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights into the interplay of identities and value sources that encourages or forbids consumer engagement for halal products.Practical implicationsGlobally, the halal food industry has been estimated to be worth $580bn, and it is growing at an average rate of 7 per cent annually. Marketers, thus, need to be aware of diverse consumers’ needs to provide a customized offering; they have to cater to adherent customers of these religiously sanctioned products by being sensitive to intricacies that make such food items consumable. The study will help marketers to better align their promotional strategies with the needs and requirement of young consumers.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors have operationalized repeated interaction and associated consumption in the context of halal food to understand how religion and other factors play a role in strengthening or weakening consumer engagement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has been done to understand young consumer’s engagement for halal food products in the Indian context. India being a land of multi-religion and multi-culture, such studies can provide rich insights.
Port‐wine stains associated with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome caused by mutations in GNAQ and SLC26A4 genes: A case report
Authors: Cong Tianxin , Liu Lian , Zhang Haoyi , Wang Lian , Jiang Xian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPort‐wine stains (PWS) are capillary malformations associated with mutation in the GNAQ (NM_000441.1) gene. Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), caused by mutation in the SLC26A4 (NM_002072) gene, is an inner ear malformation that can lead to hearing loss. To our knowledge, LVAS in PWS patients has never been reported. Here, we describe a case of a 9‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with PWS on the face and neck, coexisting with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Further analyses revealed a somatic mutation in GNAQ and a compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC26A4 gene. Some PWS patients have associated abnormalities, such as glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma, leptomeningeal angiomas and atrophy or hypertrophy of bone and soft tissue. We present here the first case that reveals the possibility that capillary malformations are associated with inner ear malformation. More case reports and further studies are needed to determine whether these conditions coexist in other patients.
Long‐term movements and home‐range changes: Rapid territory shifts in meerkats
Authors: Kranstauber Bart , Gall Gabriella E. C. , Vink Tim , Clutton‐Brock Tim , Manser Marta B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Territoriality and stable home ranges are a common space‐use pattern among animals. These ranges provide its inhabitants with important resources and thus favourable territories are associated with an increased fitness. While the role of territory quality and changes of territory ownership have often been investigated, the changes of territorial boundaries have been less studied.

Here, we investigated space‐use changes in a social mammal species, applying a novel analytical approach, calculating long‐term dissimilarity in space use using distancematrices based on periodic utilization distributions. This approach makes it possible to identify different space‐use patterns, which cannot be distinguished by only considering changes between consecutive time periods.

We analysed meerkat (Suricata suricatta) movements of a total of 24 different groups over a 16‐year period, resulting in 134 group years. We then correlated the identified home‐range changes to life‐history events and possible environmental drivers.

Groups had stable territories for several years before they abandoned their home range mostly to move quickly to new areas where they again remained for several years. Of 26 identified sudden shifts, 22 occurred in the summer months and often involved distances larger than the original home‐range size. Home‐range movements that were close together in time were often also spatially clustered and moved in a similar direction. These shifts were often preceded by more frequent interactions between groups, but did not seem to be a product of direct displacements by other groups. The normalized difference vegetation index as a measure of food production and social factors such as dominance changes did not correlate to changes.

Against our expectation space‐use changes were not accumulations of small changes, but more often involved long‐distance moves into unknown ranges. This means that the groups enter areas where they cannot profit from local knowledge. The methods used identify episodes of long stability alternated by sudden changes in meerkats and in general provides insight into long‐term space use. Our methods can be used to analyse long‐term space use, either within or across species.
Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature: A comparative study of butterfly wing damage
Authors: Molleman Freerk , Javoiš Juhan , Davis Robert B. , Whitaker Melissa R. L. , Tammaru Toomas , Prinzing Andreas , Õunap Erki , Wahlberg Niklas , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , Aduse‐Poku Kwaku , Kaasik Ants , Carey James R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, evidence for these conclusions is nearly always based on observations of selected species under artificial conditions. In nature, it remains unclear how defensive traits such as crypsis, activity levels and speed influence realized predation risk across species in a community. Whereas direct observations of predator–prey interactions in nature are rare, insight can be gained by quantifying bodily damage caused by failed predator attacks.

We quantified how butterfly species traits affect predation risk in nature by determining how defensive traits correlate with wing damage caused by failed predation attempts, thereby providing the first robust multi‐species comparative analysis of predator‐induced bodily damage in wild animals.

For 34 species of fruit‐feeding butterflies in an African forest, we recorded wing damage and quantified crypsis, activity levels and flight speed. We then tested for correlations between damage parameters and species traits using comparative methods that account for measurement error.

We detected considerable differences in the extent, location and symmetry of wing surface loss among species, with smaller differences between sexes. We found that males (but not females) of species that flew faster had substantially less wing surface loss. However, we found no correlation between cryptic coloration and symmetrical wing surface loss across species. In species in which males appeared to be more active than females, males had a lower proportion of symmetrical wing surface loss than females.

Our results provide evidence that activity greatly influences the probability of attacks and that flying rapidly is effective for escaping pursuing predators in the wild, but we did not find evidence that cryptic species are less likely to be attacked while at rest.
International descriptive study for comparison of treatment patterns in patients with knee osteoarthritis between Korea and Japan using claims data
Authors: Sakai Ryoko , Cho Soo‐Kyung , Jang Eun Jin , Harigai Masayoshi , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare medication prescriptions for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in the real world in Korea and Japan.MethodsThis retrospective and descriptive population‐based study was conducted using claims data provided by Health Insurance Review and Assessment in Korea and JMDC Inc in Japan. We defined individuals as KOA patients if they had an International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD10) code for gonarthrosis (M17) and were ≥50 years old in 2012. Korean and Japanese patients were matched for age and sex using frequency matching. Patients were observed for 1 year from the first month of the ICD10 code M17 in 2012. We described baseline characteristics including prevalence of comorbidities, and use of medication for KOA during the observational period.ResultsThe median age was 59 and the percentage of women was 61.4 in both countries (N = 1 133 138 in Korea, N = 10 498 in Japan). The prevalence of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage in Japan (74.7%) was significantly higher than that in Korea (59.0%). Analgesics such as acetaminophen and symptomatic slow‐acting drugs for OA (SYSADOA) were significantly more frequently used in Korea (25.8%) than in Japan (9.4%). Intra‐articular injection (IAI) of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid was performed more frequently in Japanese patients (57.3%) than Korean patients (30.5%).ConclusionsMedication patterns for KOA in Korea and Japan are described for the first time. Use of NSAIDs and IAI were more common in Japan, while other pain killers and SYSADOA were more commonly prescribed in Korea.
Comparative study on the mutational profile of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant histologic subtypes in Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ding Ying , Zhang Lihua , Guo Lingchuan , Wu Chunyan , Zhou Jianhua , Zhou Yongchun , Ma Jie , Li Xiao , Ji Pan , Wang Ming , Zhu Weidong , Shi Chenxi , Li Sanen , Wu Wei , Zhu Wei , Xiao Desheng , Fu Chunyan , He Qiuyan , Sun Rui , Mao Xinru , Lizaso Analyn , Li Bing , Han‐Zhang Han , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDistinction in the mutational profile between the common histological types, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC) has been well‐established. However, comprehensive mutation profiles of the predominant histological subtypes within LUAD and LUSC remains elusive.MethodsWe analyzed the mutational profile of 318 Chinese NSCLC patients of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant subtypes from seven hospitals using capture‐based ultra‐deep sequencing of 68 lung cancer‐related genes.ResultsOf the 318 NSCLC patients, 215 were diagnosed with LUAD and 103 with LUSC. Adenocarcinoma in situ and acinar adenocarcinoma were the most predominant subtypes of LUAD. On the other hand, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the most predominant subtype of LUSC. Among the LUAD subtypes, EGFR sensitizing mutations were most prevalent in the invasive lepidic subtype. More than half of the patients with preinvasive adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive, acinar, micropapillary and papillary subtypes were also EGFR‐mutants. Patients with colloidal, invasive mucinous, and fetal subtypes had the least number of EGFR mutations. Moreover, KRAS mutations were prevalent in patients with invasive mucinous, colloid, enteric and solid subtypes. A total of 90% of the LUSC patients harbor mutations in TP53, wherein all patients except five with nonkeratinizing were TP53 mutants. PIK3CA amplifications were most prevalent in keratinizing, followed by basaloid and nonkeratinizing subtypes.ConclusionThese data suggest that the mutational profiles among the predominant histological subtypes were very distinct, which provided a reliable tool to improve treatment decisions.
The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx)
Authors: Halbritter Aud H. , De Boeck Hans J. , Eycott Amy E. , Reinsch Sabine , Robinson David A. , Vicca Sara , Berauer Bernd , Christiansen Casper T. , Estiarte Marc , Grünzweig José M. , Gya Ragnhild , Hansen Karin , Jentsch Anke , Lee Hanna , Linder Sune , Marshall John , Peñuelas Josep , Kappel Schmidt Inger , Stuart‐Haëntjens Ellen , Wilfahrt Peter ,   the ClimMani Working Group, Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Climate change is a world‐wide threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure, functioning and services. To understand the underlying drivers and mechanisms, and to predict the consequences for nature and people, we urgently need better understanding of the direction and magnitude of climate change impacts across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. An increasing number of climate change studies are creating new opportunities for meaningful and high‐quality generalizations and improved process understanding. However, significant challenges exist related to data availability and/or compatibility across studies, compromising opportunities for data re‐use, synthesis and upscaling. Many of these challenges relate to a lack of an established ‘best practice’ for measuring key impacts and responses. This restrains our current understanding of complex processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems related to climate change.

To overcome these challenges, we collected best‐practice methods emerging from major ecological research networks and experiments, as synthesized by 115 experts from across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Our handbook contains guidance on the selection of response variables for different purposes, protocols for standardized measurements of 66 such response variables and advice on data management. Specifically, we recommend a minimum subset of variables that should be collected in all climate change studies to allow data re‐use and synthesis, and give guidance on additional variables critical for different types of synthesis and upscaling. The goal of this community effort is to facilitate awareness of the importance and broader application of standardized methods to promote data re‐use, availability, compatibility and transparency. We envision improved research practices that will increase returns on investments in individual research projects, facilitate second‐order research outputs and create opportunities for collaboration across scientific communities. Ultimately, this should significantly improve the quality and impact of the science, which is required to fulfil society's needs in a changing world.