bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhabitants of heritage: the dwellers of an Italian Renaissance palace and their problematic eviction in Ferrara, 1900–1940
Authors: Nani Michele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the eviction of tenants and squatters from a Renaissance palace in Ferrara, purchased by the Italian state in 1920. The case stands at the crossroads of three processes in European history between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the social and material ‘decadence’ of aristocratic residences, the birth of ‘national heritage’ and preservation policies and the explosion of the ‘housing problem’, following changes in urban demography and social structure. Considering a large range of sources, the article offers new insight into the conflict between different urban bureaucracies and inside them. It also explores the different forms of agency of working-class dwellers against the background of troubled post-war years followed by the advent of fascism.
Registry-based trials: a potential model for cost savings?
Authors: Anderson Brett R. , Gotlieb Evelyn G. , Hill Kevin , McHugh Kimberly E. , Scheurer Mark A. , Mery Carlos M. , Pelletier Glenn J. , Kaltman Jonathan R. , White Owen J. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Hollenbeck-Pringle Danielle , McCrindle Brian W. , Sylvester Donna M. , Eckhauser Aaron W. , Pasquali Sara K. , Anderson Jeffery B. , Schamberger Marcus S. , Shashidharan Subhadra , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Jacobs Marshall L. , Boskovski Marko , Newburger Jane W. , Nathan Meena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/Aims:Registry-based trials have emerged as a potentially cost-saving study methodology. Early estimates of cost savings, however, conflated the benefits associated with registry utilisation and those associated with other aspects of pragmatic trial designs, which might not all be as broadly applicable. In this study, we sought to build a practical tool that investigators could use across disciplines to estimate the ranges of potential cost differences associated with implementing registry-based trials versus standard clinical trials.Methods:We built simulation Markov models to compare unique costs associated with data acquisition, cleaning, and linkage under a registry-based trial design versus a standard clinical trial. We conducted one-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, varying study characteristics over broad ranges, to determine thresholds at which investigators might optimally select each trial design.Results:Registry-based trials were more cost effective than standard clinical trials 98.6% of the time. Data-related cost savings ranged from $4300 to $600,000 with variation in study characteristics. Cost differences were most reactive to the number of patients in a study, the number of data elements per patient available in a registry, and the speed with which research coordinators could manually abstract data. Registry incorporation resulted in cost savings when as few as 3768 independent data elements were available and when manual data abstraction took as little as 3.4 seconds per data field.Conclusions:Registries offer important resources for investigators. When available, their broad incorporation may help the scientific community reduce the costs of clinical investigation. We offer here a practical tool for investigators to assess potential costs savings.
Educational differences in healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption among adults in the Netherlands
Authors: van Bussel Lenneke M , van Rossum Caroline TM , Temme Elisabeth HM , Boon Polly E , Ocké Marga C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the differences in healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption by education levels among adults aged 19–69 in the Netherlands.Design:This study used data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–10. Food consumption data were obtained via two 24-h recalls. Food consumption data were linked to data on food composition, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and concentrations of contaminants. The Dutch dietary guidelines (2015), dietary GHGe and dietary exposure to contaminants were used as indicators for healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption, respectively.Setting:The Netherlands.Participants:2106 adults aged 19–69 years.Results:High education groups consumed significantly more fruit (+28 g), vegetables (men +22 g; women +27 g) and fish (men +6 g; women +7 g), and significantly less meat (men –33 g; women –14 g) compared with low education groups. Overall, no educational differences were found in total GHGe, although its food sources differed. Exposure to contaminants showed some differences between education groups.Conclusions:The consumption patterns differed by education groups, resulting in a more healthy diet, but equally environmentally sustainable diet among high compared with low education groups. Exposure to food contaminants differed between education groups, but was not above safe levels, except for acrylamide and aflatoxin B1. For these substances, a health risk could not be excluded for all education groups. These insights may be used in policy measures focusing on the improvement of a healthy diet for all.
GROUP ALGEBRAS WHOSE UNIT GROUP IS LOCALLY NILPOTENT
Authors: BOVDI V. 
Published: May 2020

We present a complete list of groups$G$and fields$F$for which: (i) the group of normalized units$V(FG)$of the group algebra$FG$is locally nilpotent; (ii) the set of nontrivial nilpotent elements of$FG$is finite and nonempty, and$V(FG)$is an Engel group.
MMS Observations of Intense Whistler Waves Within Earth's Supercritical Bow Shock: Source Mechanism and Impact on Shock Structure and Plasma Transport
Authors: Hull A. J. , Muschietti L. , Le Contel O. , Dorelli J. C. , Lindqvist P.‐A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe properties of whistler waves near lower‐hybrid frequencies within Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock are examined using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. These waves appear as right‐hand polarized wave packets propagating upstream obliquely to the magnetic field and shock normal with phase speeds from a few hundred up to 1,600 km/s. The wavelengths are near the ion inertial length scale (λ∼ 0.3–1.3 λi). Detailed analysis finds characteristics consistent with the modified two‐stream instability mechanism driven by the reflected ion and electron drift. Correlations between wave and electron anisotropy variations reveal that the whistlers are affecting electron dynamics and thus their perpendicular and parallel temperatures. The electron signatures are explainable via the interaction of magnetized electrons in the whistler induced nonmonotonic magnetic fields. These waves have intense magnetic fields (δB/B∘∼ 0.1–1) and carry sizable currents that are a significant fraction of the thermal current (|J/Jvte|∼ 0.1–0.5). The whistler‐induced currents and the electron anisotropies are sufficiently large to respectively excite high‐frequency (HF) electrostatic (>100 Hz) and HF whistler waves (f∼ 0.1–0.5 fce). Energy dissipation J·E from whistlers at 30 Hz and below range from a few thousandths to few hundredths of μW/m3. Comparisons reveal that plasma energy is converted to wave energy in the foot, whereas wave energy gets dissipated into the plasma in the ramp, where irreversible heating occurs. These observed features are indicative of an intricate coupling between small‐scale interaction processes and larger‐scale structure transpiring within the layer. Such a characterization is only made possible now with the MMS high‐time‐resolution measurements.
Plasma Cavity Formation During Ionospheric Heating at Arecibo
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Bernhardt Paul A. , Sulzer Michael P. , Sultan Peter J. , Henderson Brian S. , Nossa Eliana , Briczinski Stanley C. , Perillat Phil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe formation of an anomalous, high‐altitude plasma cavity was observed during the 11–15 June 2019 ionospheric heating campaign at Arecibo Observatory. The cavity was induced by interactions of the transmitted 5.125‐MHz heater wave with the ionospheric plasma. Simultaneous ion line and plasma line measurements were taken by the Arecibo Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). We used a novel experimental technique, enabling rapid pulsing of the heater, to collect ISR spectral data of the heated ionosphere without high frequency (HF)‐induced enhanced ion line (HFIL), simplifying the analysis. ISR data were analyzed using Tikhonov regularization, revealing that the cavity was confined to a very narrow altitude range around 350 km and constituted a deep depletion of the electron density, along with strong electron temperature enhancement, and ion temperature enhancement. We report on the details of these observations, and the possibility for unique combinations of physical interactions to explain the underlying mechanisms.
The cellular function of SCAP in metabolic signaling
Authors: Lee Sun Hee , Lee Jae-Ho , Im Seung-Soon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the significance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.
Irradiation induces cancer lung metastasis through activation of the cGAS–STING–CCL5 pathway in mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Jia Shanfen , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have an important role in cancer metastasis. Although tumor microenvironment, which includes MSCs and immune cells, can be altered by ionizing radiation (IR), whether irradiation can promote metastasis through MSCs remains unclear. Using the lung colonization model of transplanted 4T1 breast cancer cells, we found an increased lung metastasis in mice exposed to ionizing radiation, even when the thorax was shielded during whole-body irradiation. This radiation-induced lung metastasis can be replicated using irradiated MSCs. cGAS–STING signaling pathway was found to be activated in MSCs, accompanied by upregulation of type I interferon-related genes, including chemokine CCL5. Disruption of cGAS–STING signaling in MSCs abolished their pro-metastatic effect. Deletion of CCL5 in MSCs also abrogated the pro-metastatic effect endowed by IR. Furthermore, we showed that the lung pro-metastatic effect of irradiated MSCs required the presence of macrophages. Our results indicate that radiation-induced alterations in distant mesenchymal stromal cells facilitate cancer metastasis.
LGR5+ epithelial tumor stem-like cells generate a 3D-organoid model for ameloblastoma
Authors: Chang Ting-Han , Shanti Rabie M. , Liang Yanfang , Zeng Jincheng , Shi Shihong , Alawi Faizan , Carrasco Lee , Zhang Qunzhou , Le Anh D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmeloblastoma (AM) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with high recurrences. Currently, underlying pathophysiology remains elusive, and radical surgery remains the most definitive treatment with severe morbidities. We have recently reported that AM harbors a subpopulation of tumor epithelial stem-like cells (AM-EpiSCs). Herein, we explored whether LGR5+epithelial cells in AM possess stem-like cell properties and their potential contribution to pathogenesis and recurrence of AM. We found that LGR5 and stem cell-related genes were co-expressed in a subpopulation of AM epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro, which were enriched under 3D-spheroid culture. As compared to LGR5−counterparts, LGR5+AM epithelial cells showed increased expression of various EMT- and stemness-related genes, and functionally, exhibited increased capacity to form 3D-spheroids and generate human tumor 3D organoids, which recapitulated the histopathologic features of distinct subtypes of solid AM, thus, contributing a useful human tumor platform for targeted therapeutic screening. Treatment with a selective BRAFV600Einhibitor, vemurafenib, unexpectedly enriched the subpopulation of LGR5+AM-EpiSCs in tumor 3D organoids, which may have explained therapeutic resistances and recurrences. These findings suggest that LGR5+AM-EpiSCs play a pivotal role in pathogenesis and progression of AM and targeted inhibition of both BRAF and LGR5 potentially serves a novel nonsurgical adjuvant therapeutic approach for this aggressively benign jaw tumor.
A pentaploid-based linkage map of the ancestral octoploid strawberry Fragaria virginiana reveals instances of sporadic hyper-recombination
Authors: Davis Thomas M. , Yang Yilong , Mahoney Lise L. , Frailey Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe first high-resolution genetic linkage map of the ancestral octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry species,Fragaria virginiana, was constructed using segregation data obtained from a pentaploid progeny population. This novel mapping population of size 178 was generated by crossing highly heterozygousF. virginianahybrid “LB48” as a paternal parent with diploid (2n = 2x = 14)Fragaria vesca“Hawaii 4”. The LB48 linkage map comprises 6055 markers genotyped on the Axiom® IStraw90 strawberry SNP array. The map consists of 28 linkage groups (LGs) organized into seven homoeology groups of four LGs each, and excludes a small 29th LG of undefined homoeology. One member of each homoeology group was assignable to an “A” subgenome associated with ancestral diploidFragaria vesca, while no other subgenomes were defined. Despite an intriguing discrepancy within homoeology group VI, synteny comparisons with the previously publishedFragaria ×ananassaDA × MO linkage map revealed substantial agreement. Following initial map construction, examination of crossover distributions revealed that six of the total 5162 (=29 chromosomes/individual × 178 individuals) chromosomes making up the data set exhibited abnormally high crossover counts, ranging from 15 to 48 crossovers per chromosome, as compared with the overall mean of 0.66 crossovers per chromosome. Each of these six hyper-recombinant (HypR) chromosomes occurred in a different LG and in a different individual. When calculated upon exclusion of the six HypR chromosomes, the canonical (i.e., broadly representative) LB48 map had 1851 loci distributed over a total map length of 1873 cM, while their inclusion increased the number of loci by 130, and the overall map length by 91 cM. Discovery of these hyper-recombinant chromosomes points to the existence of a sporadically acting mechanism that, if identified and manipulable, could be usefully harnessed for multiple purposes by geneticists and breeders.
An axon-specific expression of HCN channels catalyzes fast action potential signaling in GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Roth Fabian C. , Hu Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring high-frequency network activities, fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PV+-BCs) generate barrages of fast synaptic inhibition to control the probability and precise timing of action potential (AP) initiation in principal neurons. Here we describe a subcellular specialization that contributes to the high speed of synaptic inhibition mediated by PV+-BCs. Mapping of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel distribution in rat hippocampal PV+-BCs with subcellular patch-clamp methods revealed that functional HCN channels are exclusively expressed in axons and completely absent from somata and dendrites. HCN channels not only enhance AP initiation during sustained high-frequency firing but also speed up the propagation of AP trains in PV+-BC axons by dynamically opposing the hyperpolarization produced by Na+-K+ ATPases. Since axonal AP signaling determines the timing of synaptic communication, the axon-specific expression of HCN channels represents a specialization for PV+-BCs to operate at high speed.
Mapping global carbon footprint in China
Authors: Yang Yuantao , Qu Shen , Cai Bofeng , Liang Sai , Wang Zhaohua , Wang Jinnan , Xu Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeveloping localized climate mitigation strategies needs an understanding of how global consumption drives local carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with a fine spatial resolution. There is no study that provides a spatially explicit mapping of global carbon footprint in China―the world’s largest CO2 emitter―simultaneously considering both international and interprovincial trade. Here we map CO2 emissions in China driven by global consumption in 2012 at a high spatial resolution (10 km × 10 km) using a detailed, firm-level emission inventory. Our results show that the carbon footprints of foreign regions in China are concentrated in key manufacturing hubs, including the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and North China Plain. Approximately 1% of the land area holds 75% of the global carbon footprint in China. The carbon footprint hotspots in China identified are the key places in which collaborative mitigation efforts between China and downstream parties that drive those emissions.
A method for the generation of human stem cell-derived alpha cells
Authors: Peterson Quinn P. , Veres Adrian , Chen Lihua , Slama Michael Q. , Kenty Jennifer H. R. , Hassoun Shaimaa , Brown Matthew R. , Dou Haiqiang , Duffy Caden D. , Zhou Quan , Matveyenko Aleksey V. , Tyrberg Björn , Sörhede-Winzell Maria , Rorsman Patrik , Melton Douglas A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe generation of pancreatic cell types from renewable cell sources holds promise for cell replacement therapies for diabetes. Although most effort has focused on generating pancreatic beta cells, considerable evidence indicates that glucagon secreting alpha cells are critically involved in disease progression and proper glucose control. Here we report on the generation of stem cell-derived human pancreatic alpha (SC-alpha) cells from pluripotent stem cells via a transient pre-alpha cell intermediate. These pre-alpha cells exhibit a transcriptional profile similar to mature alpha cells and although they produce proinsulin protein, they do not secrete significant amounts of processed insulin. Compound screening identified a protein kinase c activator that promotes maturation of pre-alpha cells into SC-alpha cells. The resulting SC-alpha cells do not express insulin, share an ultrastructure similar to cadaveric alpha cells, express and secrete glucagon in response to glucose and some glucagon secretagogues, and elevate blood glucose upon transplantation in mice.
An improved high-quality genome assembly and annotation of Tibetan hulless barley
Authors: Zeng Xingquan , Xu Tong , Ling Zhihao , Wang Yulin , Li Xiangfeng , Xu Shuqing , Xu Qijun , Zha Sang , Qimei Wangmu , Basang Yuzhen , Dunzhu Jiabu , Yu Mingzhai , Yuan Hongjun , Nyima Tashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHulless barley (Hordeum vulgareL. var.nudum) is a barley variety that has loose husk cover of the caryopses. Because of the ease in processing and edibility, hulless barley has been locally cultivated and used as human food. For example, in Tibetan Plateau, hulless barley is the staple food for human and essential livestock feed. Although the draft genome of hulless barley has been sequenced, the assembly remains fragmented. Here, we reported an improved high-quality assembly and annotation of the Tibetan hulless barley genome using more than 67X PacBio long-reads. The N50 contig length of the new assembly is at least more than 19 times larger than other available barley assemblies. The new genome assembly also showed high gene completeness and high collinearity of genome synteny with the previously reported barley genome. The new genome assembly and annotation will not only remove major hurdles in genetic analysis and breeding of hulless barley, but will also serve as a key resource for studying barley genomics and genetics.
Detecting CSSLs and yield QTLs with additive, epistatic and QTL×environment interaction effects from Oryza sativa × O. nivara IRGC81832 cross
Authors: Balakrishnan Divya , Surapaneni Malathi , Yadavalli Venkateswara Rao , Addanki Krishnam Raju , Mesapogu Sukumar , Beerelli Kavitha , Neelamraju Sarla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are useful tools for precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the evaluation of gene action and interaction in inter-specific crosses. In this study, a set of 90 back cross lines at BC2F8generation derived from Swarna xOryza nivaraIRGC81832 was evaluated for yield traits under irrigated conditions in wet seasons of 3 consecutive years. We identified a set of 70 chromosome segment substitution lines, using genotyping data from 140 SSR markers covering 94.4% ofO. nivaragenome. Among these, 23 CSSLs were significantly different for 7 traits. 22 QTLs were detected for 11 traits with 6.51 to 46.77% phenotypic variation in 90 BILs. Three pleiotropic genomic regions associated with yield traits were mapped on chromosomes 1, 8 and 11. The marker interval RM206-RM144 at chromosome 11 was recurrently detected for various yield traits. Ten QTLs were identified consistently in the three consecutive years of testing. Seventeen pairs of significant epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were detected for days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height. Chromosome segments fromO. nivaracontributed trait enhancing alleles. The significantly improved lines and the stable QTLs identified in this study are valuable resource for gene discovery and yield improvement.
Mixing Patterns in Interdisciplinary Co-Authorship Networks at Multiple Scales
Authors: Feng Shihui , Kirkley Alec 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are inherent challenges to interdisciplinary research collaboration, such as bridging cognitive gaps and balancing transaction costs with collaborative benefits. This raises the question: Does interdisciplinary research collaboration necessarily result in disciplinary diversity among collaborators? We aim to explore this question by assessing collaborative preferences in interdisciplinary research at multiple scales through the examinination of disciplinary mixing patterns at the individual, dyadic, and team level in a coauthor network from the field of artificial intelligence in education, an emerging interdisciplinary area. Our key finding is that disciplinary diversity is reflected by diverse research experiences of individual researchers rather than diversity within pairs or groups of researchers. We also examine intergroup mixing by applying a novel approach to classify the active and non-active researchers in the collaboration network based on participation in multiple teams. We find a significant difference in indicators of academic performance and experience between the clusters of active and non-active researchers, suggesting intergroup mixing as a key factor in academic success. Our results shed light on the nature of team formation in interdisciplinary research, as well as highlight the importance of interdisciplinary training.