bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Vibration–Extracted Stromal Vascular Fraction Improves Volume Retention after Autologous Fat Grafting
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Fuwei , Zhang Yanyuan , Huang Xin , Tang Mingyue , Hou Yan , Lv Qianxin , Jin Dan , Li Yunpeng , Kong Liang 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The stromal vascular fraction can improve volume retention after fat grafting, but the optimal stromal vascular fraction extraction method remains controversial. This study investigated the effect of mechanical vibration on stromal vascular fraction activity and explored the efficacy of vibration as a new extraction method compared to centrifugation, enzyme digestion, and nanoemulsion methods.

Methods:
Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three groups, and adipose tissue was harvested from the scapular region of each rabbit. In the first group, stromal vascular fraction was extracted from adipose tissue by vibration with different frequencies and durations. Cell counts and colony formation were assessed to determine the optimal vibration parameters. In the second group, stromal vascular fraction was extracted by the four methods, and the cell counts, proliferation, and adipogenic capabilities were observed in vitro. In the third group, adipose tissue mixed with stromal vascular fraction extracted by means of the four methods was grafted into rabbit ears. Volume retention and histologic changes were evaluated over 24 weeks.

Results:
Stromal vascular fraction activity was not influenced by low-frequency (≤45 Hz) and short-duration (≤20 minutes) vibrations. Vibration at 30 Hz for 15 minutes was most efficient for stromal vascular fraction extraction. In vitro, stromal vascular fraction extracted by vibration showed advantages for cell viability. In vivo, the vibration group showed a more normal tissue morphology and a higher retention rate (60.68 ± 7.07 percent) than the enzyme digestion (31.88 ± 4.99 percent), centrifugation (43.76 ± 4.32 percent), and nanoemulsion groups (21.79 ± 3.57 percent) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Vibration at 30 Hz for 15 minutes is recommended as a novel nonenzymatic method to extract stromal vascular fraction with high activity.
Progressive Bone Destruction in Rapidly Destructive Coxopathy Is Characterized by Elevated Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloprotease-3 and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Ando Wataru , Hashimoto Yoshichika , Yasui Hirohiko , Ogawa Takeshi , Koyama Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Takayuki , Ohzono Kenji 
Published: September 2020

Objective
Rapidly destructive coxopathy (RDC) is a rare condition characterized by rapid joint space narrowing; however, its pathology remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association of laboratory biomarkers with the radiological progression of RDC.

Methods
We examined 34 female and 4 male patients with RDC between October 2010 and April 2018. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the progressive radiographic staging of RDC. Group 1 patients had progressive obliteration of the joint space without subchondral destruction (n = 11), group 2 had progressed subchondral destruction (n = 18), and group 3 had cessation of bone destruction observed for more than 6 months (n = 9). Clinical evaluation results were assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association hip score. Blood test results, including serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were also evaluated.

Results
There were no significant differences in patient background or Japanese Orthopedic Association hip scores among the groups. However, there were significant differences in MMP-3 levels among groups, with MMP-3 levels in group 2 being significantly higher than those in group 3 (group 2, 118.4 ± 81.2 ng/mL; group 3, 42.5 ± 15.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The CRP levels in group 2 were also significantly higher than those in group 3 (group 2, 0.77 ± 0.92 mg/dL; group 3, 0.13 ± 0.07 mg/dL, p = 0.019), but elevated CRP levels in group 2 decreased back to the reference range.

Conclusions
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 and CRP are the biomarkers of RDC progression but not of its occurrence. Severe inflammatory response may be associated with bone destruction in RDC.
Endoscopic Repair of Nasal Septal Perforations With Fascia Lata
Authors: Ozdilek Alper , Kilavuz Ahmet Erdem , Serin Gediz Murat 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Nasal septal perforation (NSP) consists of defects of mucosa, cartilage, and bone. Nasal septal surgery is by far the most common cause of NSP. Many surgical approaches have been described for NSP repair. In this study, the authors describe a novel technique for repairing all sizes of NSP using an only fascia lata graft.

Methods:
The authors implemented a retrospective study design. Seventeen patients who underwent NSP repair between January 2016 and January 2019 were included to the study. Entire nasal surgical steps were performed under endoscopic view, harvested fascia lata graft is placed in tympanoplasty fashion after all edges of perforation is elevated and implantation bed is prepared.

Results:
The mean size of the septal peforations were 18.52 ± 4.17 mm horizontally, 11.52 ± 3.42 mm vertically. The mean follow up period was 14.47 ± 9.5 months (range: 2–36). In 15 of the 17 patients, total NSP closure was achieved (88,23%).

Conclusions:
Endoscopic close technique using fascia lata for nasal septal perforation closure is a safe and reliable technique with high success rate and it should be considered in patients with nasal septal perforation.
Columellar Wound Immediately After Open Rhinoseptoplasty Treated With Application of DuoDERM Extra Thin
Authors: In Seung Min , An Hong Geun , Kim Jong-Yeup , Lee Ki-Il 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Most patients who undergo open rhinoseptoplasty do not develop any wound at the transcolumellar incision site. However, some patients require wound care immediately post-operation. Dressing is difficult to perform in the columellar region because of the location. Here, we report 2 cases of columellar wound as a complication of open rhinoseptoplasty. A patient developed mild wound dehiscence immediately after primary rhinoseptoplasty, whereas another developed partial columellar skin necrosis after the revision operation. We applied DuoDERM Extra Thin dressing (ConvaTec Group, Deeside, UK) for columellar wound and achieved healing. DuoDERM Extra Thin can be a simple and easy dressing material for immediate care of transcolumellar wounds.
Transseptal Suturing With Turbinate Coblation in Nasal Septoturbinoplasty
Authors: Lee Yi-Chan , Hsin Li-Jen , Chang Chih-Chen , Tsai Yao-Te , Fang Tuan-Jen 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Transseptal suture-assisted septoplasty and coblation are two techniques that can effectively treat septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy without the need for post-operative packing. In the existing literature, however, the early post-operative symptoms and surgical outcomes of the combination of these 2 procedures have not been addressed.

Method:
This retrospective study included 65 patients who underwent concomitant nasal septoturbinoplasty. The patients were divided into two groups: the transseptal suture-assisted septoplasty and inferior turbinate coblation group (no-packing group: 33 patients) and the conventional septoturbinoplasty group with merocel packing (packing group: 32 patients). The post-operative symptoms within 14 days, complications and surgical outcomes at 3 months after surgery were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
The patients in the no-packing group experienced less nasal obstruction on the first, second and third days post-operatively than those in the packing group (P < 0.000, P < 0.000, and P = 0.043, respectively). The patients in the no-packing group also had less nasal bleeding (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001), dry mouth sensation (P = 0.016 and P = 0.034) and swallowing disturbance (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012) on the first and second days post-operatively, respectively. In terms of orbital symptoms, the patients in the packing group had more severe epiphora (P = 0.031) and swelling sensations (P = 0.040) on the first day post-operatively.

Conclusions:
Transseptal suturing and coblation-assisted septoturbinoplasty can be considered to prevent packing-related comorbidities and reduce post-operative discomfort.
Complete Visual Recovery From Severe Outer Retinitis After Tonsillitis
Authors: Kawashima Rumi , Matsushita Kenji , Hashida Noriyasu , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Fujikado Takashi , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2020

Background:
To report a case of severe acute bilateral outer retinitis after tonsillitis and rapid morphologic and functional recovery after steroid treatment.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 26-year-old woman with acute bilateral blurred vision that developed after tonsillitis underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that showed photoreceptor outer segment damage. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) and multifocal ERG were nonrecordable. The patient had a remarkable anatomic and functional recovery in response to steroid treatment; however, partial damage remained around the macula on SD-OCT, and an adaptive optics imaging system showed damaged cone photoreceptors.

Conclusions:
Prednisolone is an effective treatment for a disease that is believed to be due to suspicious involvement of the autoimmune system. Even severe outer retinitis can recover completely with rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Utility of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Differentiating Papilledema From Pseudopapilledema: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jivraj Imran , Cruz Cesar A. , Pistilli Maxwell , Kohli Anita A. , Liu Grant T. , Shindler Kenneth S. , Avery Robert A. , Garvin Mona K. , Wang Jui-Kai , Ross Ahmara , Tamhankar Madhura A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Prospective and longitudinal studies assessing the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to differentiate papilledema from pseudopapilledema are lacking. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of baseline and longitudinal changes in SD-OCT parameters with 3D segmentation software to distinguish between papilledema and pseudopapilledema in a cohort of patients referred for evaluation of undiagnosed optic disc elevation.

Methods:
Fifty-two adult patients with optic disc elevation were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. A diagnosis of papilledema was made when there was a change in the appearance of the optic disc elevation on fundus photographs as noted by an independent observer at or before 6 months. The degree of optic disc elevation was graded using the Frisen scale and patients with mild optic disc elevation (Frisen grades 1 and 2) were separately analyzed. SD-OCT parameters including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total retinal thickness (TRT), paracentral ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness, and optic nerve head volume (ONHV) at baseline and within 6 months of follow-up were measured.

Results:
Twenty-seven (52%) patients were diagnosed with papilledema and 25 (48%) with pseudopapilledema. Among patients with mild optic disc elevation (Frisen grades 1 and 2), baseline pRNFL (110.1 µm vs 151.3 µm) and change in pRNFL (ΔpRNFL) (7.3 µm vs 52.3 µm) were greater among those with papilledema. Baseline and absolute changes in TRT and ONHV were also significantly higher among patients with papilledema. The mean GCL-IPL thickness was similar at baseline, but there was a small reduction in GCL-IPL thickness among patients with papilledema. Receiver operator curves (ROCs) were generated; ΔpRNFL (0.93), ΔTRT (0.94), and ΔONHV (0.95) had the highest area under the curve (AUC).

Conclusions:
The mean baseline and absolute changes in SD-OCT measurements (pRFNL, TRT, and ONHV) were significantly greater among patients with papilledema, and remained significantly greater when patients with mild optic disc elevation were separately analyzed. ROCs demonstrated that ΔpRNFL, ΔTRT, and ΔONHV have the highest AUC and are best able to differentiate between papilledema and pseudopapilledema.
Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography in a Young Infant With Albinism and Fovea Plana
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R. , Lee Helena , Gottlob Irene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
We present handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) diagnosis of Grade 4 foveal hypoplasia (fovea plana) in a 28-day-old infant with albinism. Grade 4 foveal hypoplasia is characterized by the absence of the foveal pit, absence of outer segment lengthening, and absence of outer nuclear layer widening. Binocular visual acuity at 58 months follow-up was 1.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR). We describe our handheld OCT acquisition protocol and compare the morphological features with a healthy, age-matched control subject.
Healthy cardiovascular biomarkers across the lifespan in wild-born chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Cole Megan F. , Cantwell Averill , Rukundo Joshua , Ajarova Lilly , Fernandez-Navarro Sofia , Atencia Rebeca , Rosati Alexandra G. 
Published: September 2020

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are a crucial model for understanding the evolution of human health and longevity. Cardiovascular disease is a major source of mortality during ageing in humans and therefore a key issue for comparative research. Current data indicate that compared to humans, chimpanzees have proatherogenic blood lipid profiles, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans. However, most work to date on chimpanzee lipids come from laboratory-living populations where lifestyles diverge from a wild context. Here, we examined cardiovascular profiles in chimpanzees living in African sanctuaries, who range semi-free in large forested enclosures, consume a naturalistic diet, and generally experience conditions more similar to a wild chimpanzee lifestyle. We measured blood lipids, body weight and body fat in 75 sanctuary chimpanzees and compared them to publicly available data from laboratory-living chimpanzees from the Primate Aging Database. We found that semi-free-ranging chimpanzees exhibited lower body weight and lower levels of lipids that are risk factors for human cardiovascular disease, and that some of these disparities increased with age. Our findings support the hypothesis that lifestyle can shape health indices in chimpanzees, similar to effects observed across human populations, and contribute to an emerging understanding of human cardiovascular health in an evolutionary context.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.
Optogenetic evaluation of the ability of different cutaneous C-fiber afferents to evoke aversive behaviors
Authors: Warwick Charles A. , Cassidy Colleen , Hachisuka Junichi , Wright Margaret C. , Baumbauer Kyle M. , Adelman Peter C. , Lee Kuan H. , Smith Kelly M. , Ross Sarah E. , Koerber H. Richard 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTMost cutaneous C-fibers, including both peptidergic and non-peptidergic subtypes are presumed to be nociceptors and respond to noxious input in a graded manner. However, mechanically sensitive, non-peptidergic C-fibers also respond to mechanical input in the innocuous range, and so the degree to which they contribute to nociception remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated the function of non-peptidergic afferents using theMrgprdCreallele. In real time place aversion studies, we found that low frequency optogenetic activation ofMrgrpdCrelineage neurons was not aversive in naïve mice, but became aversive after spared nerve injury (SNI). To address the underlying mechanisms of this allodynia, we recorded from lamina I spinoparabrachial (SPB) neurons using the semi-intactex vivopreparation. Following SNI, innocuous brushing of the skin gave rise to abnormal activity in lamina I SPB neurons, consisting of an increase in the proportion of recorded neurons that responded with excitatory post synaptic potentials or action potentials. This increase was likely due, at least in part, to an increase in the proportion of lamina I (LI) SPB neurons that received input upon optogenetic activation ofMrgprdCrelineage neurons. Intriguingly, in SPB neurons there was a significant increase in the EPSC latency fromMrgprdCrelineage input following SNI, consistent with the possibility that the greater activation post SNI could be due to the recruitment of a new polysynaptic circuit. Together, our findings suggestMrgprdCrelineage neurons can provide mechanical input to the dorsal horn that is non-noxious before injury but becomes noxious afterwards due the engagement of a previously silent polysynaptic circuit in the dorsal horn.
Quantifying dispersal variability among nearshore marine populations
Authors: Catalano Katrina A. , Dedrick Allison G. , Stuart Michelle R. , Puritz Jonathan B. , Montes Humberto R. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDispersal drives diverse processes from population persistence to community dynamics. However, the amount of temporal variation in dispersal and its consequences for metapopulation dynamics is largely unknown for organisms with environmentally driven dispersal (e.g., many marine larvae, arthropods, and plant seeds). Here, we quantify variation in the dispersal kernel across seven years and monsoon seasons for a common coral reef fish,Amphiprion clarkii, using genetic parentage assignments. Connectivity patterns varied strongly among years and seasons in the scale and shape but not in the direction of dispersal. This interannual variation in dispersal kernels introduced temporal covariance among dispersal routes with overall positive correlations in connections across the metapopulation that may reduce stochastic metapopulation growth rates. The extent of variation in mean dispersal distance observed here among years is comparable in magnitude to the differences across reef fish species. Considering dispersal variability will be an important avenue for further metapopulation and metacommunity research across diverse taxa.
Value, confidence, deliberation: a functional partition of the medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated across rating and choice tasks
Authors: Clairis N. , Pessiglione M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeciding about courses of action involves minimizing costs and maximizing benefits. Decision neuroscience studies have implicated both the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC and dmPFC) in signaling goal value and action cost, but the precise functional role of these regions is still a matter of debate. Here, we suggest a more general functional partition that applies not only to decisions but also to judgments about goal value (expected reward) and action cost (expected effort). In this conceptual framework, cognitive representations related to options (reward value and effort cost) are dissociated from metacognitive representations (confidence and deliberation) related to solving the task (providing a judgment or making a choice). Thus, we used an original approach with the goal of identifying consistencies across several preference tasks, from likeability ratings to binary decisions involving both attribute integration and option comparison. FMRI results confirmed the vmPFC as a generic valuation system, its activity increasing with reward value and decreasing with effort cost. In contrast, more dorsal regions were not concerned with the valuation of options but with metacognitive variables, confidence level being reflected in mPFC activity and deliberation time in dmPFC activity. Thus, there was a dissociation between the effort attached to choice options (represented in the vmPFC) and the effort invested in deliberation (represented in the dmPFC), the latter being expressed in pupil dilation. More generally, assessing commonalities across preference tasks might help reaching a unified view of the neural mechanisms underlying the cost/benefit tradeoffs that drive human behavior.
DeepInsight-FS: Selecting features for non-image data using convolutional neural network
Authors: Sharma Alok , Lysenko Artem , Boroevich Keith A , Vans Edwin , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdentifying smaller element or gene subsets from biological or other data types is an essential step in discovering underlying mechanisms. Statistical machine learning methods have played a key role in revealing gene subsets. However, growing data complexity is pushing the limits of these techniques. A review of the recent literature shows that arranging elements by similarity in image-form for a convolutional neural network (CNN) improves classification performance over treating them individually. Expanding on this, here we show a pipeline, DeepInsight-FS, to uncover gene subsets of clinical relevance. DeepInsight-FS converts non-image samples into image-form and performs element selection via CNN. To our knowledge, this is the first approach to employ CNN for element or gene selection on non-image data. A real world application of DeepInsight-FS to publicly available cancer data identified gene sets with significant overlap to several cancer-associated pathways suggesting the potential of this method to discover biomedically meaningful connections.
Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus Gates Progression of Mesial Temporal Seizures by Modulating Thalamocortical Synchrony
Authors: Chaitanya Ganne , Ilyas Adeel , Toth Emilia , Pizarro Diana , Riley Kristen , Pati Sandipan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) mediates cortical-subcortical interactions between the limbic system and is hypothesized to facilitate the early organization of temporal lobe seizures. We set out to investigate the dynamic changes in synchronization parameters between the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and ANT during seizure stages (pre-onset to post-termination) in seven patients (n=26 seizures) with drug-resistant nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Using local field potentials recorded directly from the limbic system and the ANT during stereoelectroencephalography, we confirm that the onset of mesial temporal lobe seizure is associated with increased thalamocortical network excitability and phase-amplitude coupling. The increase in thalamocortical phase synchronization preceded seizure onset, thereby suggesting that the early organization of temporal lobe seizures involves the integration of the ANT within the epileptic network. Towards seizure termination, there is a significant decrease in thalamic excitability, thalamocortical synchronization, and decoupling, thereby suggesting a breakdown in thalamocortical connectivity. A higher disease burden is significantly correlated with increased synchronization between the ANT and epileptic networks. Collectively, the results elucidate mechanistic insights and provide the temporal architecture of thalamocortical interactions that can be targeted in the rational designing of closed-loop seizure abortive interventions.HighlightsAnterior nucleus of thalamus is coactivated at the onset of temporal lobe seizuresIncrease thalamocortical synchronization and excitability is observed at seizure onsetSeizure termination is characterized by a breakdown in thalamocortical connectivityIncreased seizure burden affects thalamocortical synchronization