bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landnahmen, lokale Wissensordnungen und Widerständigkeiten in Amazonien
Authors: Backhouse Maria 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungWiderständige Praktiken und lokale Wissensordnungen von Indigenen, traditionellen Gemeinschaften und kleinbäuerlichen Bewegungen sind in Brasilien seit Jahrhunderten eng mit Auseinandersetzungen um Landzugangs- und Landnutzungsrechten verbunden. In der brasilianischen Verfassung von 1988 werden die spezifischen Landrechte wie kollektive Landzugangsrechte traditioneller Gemeinschaften garantiert. Sie sind hart erkämpfte Errungenschaften eines Projekts, welches Brasilien als soziale Einheit sieht und auf eine zunehmende demokratische Teilhabe aller ausgerichtet ist. Diese Landrechte werden unter der Regierung des rechtsradikalen Präsidenten Jair Messias Bolsonaro infrage gestellt und unterhöhlt. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird in Anknüpfung an die Interpretationen der fortgesetzten ursprünglichen Akkumulation von Massimo De Angelis argumentiert, dass die Bolsonaro-Regierung eine Landnahme angestoßen hat, die einige Kontinuitäten zu den Landnahmen der 1970er Jahre unter der Militärdiktatur aufweist. Darin kommt die Idee eines „Kern-Brasiliens“ zum Ausdruck, dessen Fortschritt unter Ausschluss oder Assimilierung der „rückständigen“ Gruppen und traditionellen Gemeinschaften vorangetrieben werden soll. Allerdings ist der Ausgang dieses Landnahmeprojekts ungewiss, denn es bilden sich Widerständigkeiten und breite Allianzen, die „das Soziale“ verteidigen – auch im sozial-ökologischen Sinne für zukünftige Generationen.
GraphKKE: graph Kernel Koopman embedding for human microbiome analysis
Authors: Melnyk Kateryna , Klus Stefan , Montavon Grégoire , Conrad Tim O. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMore and more diseases have been found to be strongly correlated with disturbances in the microbiome constitution, e.g., obesity, diabetes, or some cancer types. Thanks to modern high-throughput omics technologies, it becomes possible to directly analyze human microbiome and its influence on the health status. Microbial communities are monitored over long periods of time and the associations between their members are explored. These relationships can be described by a time-evolving graph. In order to understand responses of the microbial community members to a distinct range of perturbations such as antibiotics exposure or diseases and general dynamical properties, the time-evolving graph of the human microbial communities has to be analyzed. This becomes especially challenging due to dozens of complex interactions among microbes and metastable dynamics. The key to solving this problem is the representation of the time-evolving graphs as fixed-length feature vectors preserving the original dynamics. We propose a method for learning the embedding of the time-evolving graph that is based on the spectral analysis of transfer operators and graph kernels. We demonstrate that our method can capture temporary changes in the time-evolving graph on both synthetic data and real-world data. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the method. Furthermore, we show that our method can be applied to human microbiome data to study dynamic processes.
Voyaging towards the future: the brigRurikin the North Pacific and the emerging science of the sea
Authors: BEKASOVA ALEXANDRA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores the networking activities of Count Nikolai Rumiantsev and Adam von Krusenstern, his close collaborator. The visionary Russian statesman and the celebrated navigator were deeply involved in northern exploration. They funded and organized a circumnavigating voyage by the brigRurikin 1815–18, with the explicit goals of searching for a northern passage between Eurasia and North America and conducting a series of scientific investigations in the Bering Strait region. This private exploratory enterprise profoundly influenced the exchange of information and reconfigured both local and global networks of knowledge. Based on an analysis of private correspondence, printed accounts and journal articles related to theRurik's expedition, this study sheds light on how this transnational network of actors emerged and functioned, and how it promoted a lively circulation of information about exploration in the Bering Strait region in the 1810s–1820s. I argue that a complex interplay of geopolitical and intellectual competition, with exchanges, collaborations and coordination among various actors (e.g. patrons, navigators, scholars, entrepreneurs and publishers), stimulated further research on the global ocean's northern spaces and laid the foundations of marine science.
The association of dietary flavonoids, magnesium and their interactions with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Liu Junyi , Jia Yubing , Han Tianshu , Zhao Xiujuan , Sun Changhao , Na Lixin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim was to systematically analyse the association of the specific flavonoids, Mg and their interactions from different food sources with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a cohort study. A total of 6417 participants aged 20 to 74 years from the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases were included. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, forest plot and restricted cubic spline were performed in the study. After a 5·3-year follow-up, 1283 incident cases of the MetS were reported. Those with a higher total flavonoid intake had a lower risk of the MetS (fourth v. first quartile, relative risk (RR) 0·58; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·93; P = 0·024) and central obesity (RR 0·56; 95 % CI 0·33, 0·95; P = 0·032). Further analysis showed that the specific flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin, and flavonoids from fruits, potatoes and legumes had the similar associations with risk of the MetS and central obesity (P < 0·05 for all). A higher intake of total flavonoids, quercetin and luteolin combined with a high level of Mg was more strongly associated with a lower risk of the MetS (RR 0·60; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·81 for total; RR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·82 for quercetin; RR 0·52; 95 % CI 0·38, 0·71 for luteolin; all Pfor interaction < 0·01). Dose–response effects showed an L-shaped curve between the total intake of five flavonoids and the risk of the MetS. A higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of the MetS and central obesity; their combination with Mg helps to strengthen their negative association with the MetS.
Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults
Authors: Hailili Gulisiya , Chen Zhen , Tian Tian , Fu Wen-Hui , Pei Hua-Lian , Mahan Yeledan , Luo Tao , Alimu Dilibaier , Wang Lu , Zhang Guo-Zhen , Liu Li-Rong , Wang Duo-Lao , Dai Jiang-Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD has been investigated widely, but few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns (DP) and the predicted CVD, derived from reduced rank regression (RRR). The objectives of this study were to derive DP using RRR and principal component analysis (PCA) and investigate their associations with the MetS and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). We used the baseline dataset from the Xinjiang multi-ethnic cohort study in China, collected from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 14 982 subjects aged 35–74 years from Urumqi, Huo Cheng and Mo Yu were included in the analysis. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated using the Chinese ASCVD risk equations. The associations of DP with the MetS and 10-year ASCVD were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. In Urumqi and Mo Yu, the increased RRR DP score was associated with a higher OR of having the MetS and with a higher OR of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. However, only the first DP determined by PCA in Urumqi was inversely associated with the MetS and elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. The prevalence of the MetS and elevated ASCVD risk in urban population is higher than that in rural areas. Our results may help nutritionists develop more targeted dietary strategies to prevent the MetS and ASCVD in different regions in China.
Impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on glycaemic control and consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Fagherazzi Sanmira , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Belfort Gabriella Pinto , dos Santos Karina , Santana Vieira de Lima Thaissa , Silva dos Santos Mayara , Saunders Cláudia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on glycaemic control and consumption of processed (PF) and ultraprocessed (UPF) foods in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). This is a randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial with forty-nine adult women with PGDM, followed at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group (CG) received a standard diet consisting of 45–55 % of the total energy intake of carbohydrates, 15–20 % of proteins and 25–30 % of lipids. The DASH group (DG) received an adapted DASH diet, which did not differ from the standard diet in the percentage of macronutrients, but had higher contents of fibre, unsaturated fats and minerals such as Ca, Mg and K; and lower contents of Na and saturated fats than the standard diet. In the analysis by protocol, the DG presented a higher incidence of glycaemic control after 12 weeks of intervention (57·1 v. 8·3 %, P = 0·01, moderate effect size) and a lower mean consumption of UPF (−9·9 %, P = 0·01) compared with the CG. There was no statistically significant difference in fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations, or in the consumption of PF between the groups (P > 0·05). The DASH diet may be a strategy for glycaemic control in pregnant women with PGDM, favouring the adoption of a nutritionally adequate diet with lower consumption of UPF. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the DASH diet on glycaemic profile, and maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with PGDM.
The Politics of Pleasure: Wajid ‘Ali Shah and his manuscript,‘Ishqnama
Authors: DI PIETRANTONIO NATALIA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article deals with an 1849 semi-autobiographical manuscript,‘Ishqnama, from Avadh (present-day Uttar Pradesh), to explore the courtly politics of the last nawab (ruler) of Avadh, Wajid ‘Ali Shah. I argue that, in the‘Ishqnama, a language of love and sex exists and portends a logic of political comportment and control between ruler and lover, ruler and servant. After surveying the importance and meaning of the manuscript during Wajid ‘Ali Shah's reign, I examine the dissemination of the handwritten manuscript via lithograph copies, tracing the specific textual and visual elements that have been obfuscated and manipulated in the transition from a handwritten design to print technology. I argue that the political content of the‘Ishqnamahas been neglected because of the material differences between the lithograph copies and the manuscript format and because of the sexual nature of the‘Ishqnamanarrative.
Is Arctic governance research in crisis? A pathological diagnosis
Authors: Knecht Sebastian , Laubenstein Paula 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe governance of the Arctic as a frontier for international environmental and climate cooperation, resource politics and security governance holds the promise to provide important insights into some of the 21st century’s most enduring and pressing global challenges. This article reviews the state of the art of Arctic governance research (AGR) to assess the potential and limitations of a regional studies community for making sense of Northern politics and contributing to the broader discipline of international relations (IR) research. A bibliometric analysis of 398 articles published in 10 outlets between 2008 and 2019 reveals that AGR faces at least four limitations that undermine understanding and explaining the processes and outcomes of regional politics and inhibit generalisable observations applicable to questions of global governance: academic immaturity, methodological monoculturalism, state-centrism and analytical parochialism. The lack particularly of theoretically driven and comparative research is indicative of a deeper crisis in AGR which, if unaddressed, could further solidify the community’s unjustified reputation as quixotic in orientation and negligible in its contributions to IR research.
Application of colour combinations on visual search tasks under vibration environments
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Tao Da , Liu Shuang , Zhou Tuoyang , Qu Xingda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColour is widely utilised as a visual coding system in visual search, but its application under vibration conditions (e.g., in various vehicles) has not been fully explored. This study was designed to examine the effect of colour combinations on performance of visual search tasks conducted in vibration conditions. Forty-eight university students participated in an experiment where they were required to identify target type and location under 24 colour combinations (half in negative polarity and half in positive polarity) and three vibration conditions (static, low, and high). The findings showed that vibration did not significantly affect performance, perceptions, or physiological aspects. Colour combination significantly affected response time, and the participants preferred colour combinations that had the potential to produce better performance. Colour combinations with negative polarity (e.g., yellow on black and white on black) are recommended for presenting search interfaces. These findings are of importance in human–computer interface designs for information display under vibration conditions.
A neural network model for solvency calculations in life insurance
Authors: Fernandez-Arjona Lucio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInsurance companies make extensive use of Monte Carlo simulations in their capital and solvency models. To overcome the computational problems associated with Monte Carlo simulations, most large life insurance companies use proxy models such as replicating portfolios (RPs). In this paper, we present an example based on a variable annuity guarantee, showing the main challenges faced by practitioners in the construction of RPs: the feature engineering step and subsequent basis function selection problem. We describe how neural networks can be used as a proxy model and how to apply risk-neutral pricing on a neural network to integrate such a model into a market risk framework. The proposed model naturally solves the feature engineering and feature selection problems of RPs.
Improvement of Drag Coefficient Calculation Under Near‐Neutral Conditions in Light Winds Over land
Authors: Liu Changwei , Li Yubin , Gao Zhiqiu , Zhang Hongsheng , Wu Tongwen , Lu Yixiong , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy analyzing the data collected over a rice paddy field in China, the occurrence of large drag coefficient in light winds (U ≤ 1ms−1) under near‐neutral conditions (−0.1 ≤ z/L ≤ 0.1) is analyzed in this study. It is found that, with the use of either vector‐ or scalar‐averaged wind speed, the drag coefficient under near‐neutral conditions (CDN) always increases with the decrease of wind speed. Such behavior of CDN cannot be interpreted by the change of aerodynamic roughness length z0 because it would need to be enlarged by an order of magnitude. While in light winds, the nonlocal transport, which is caused by large‐scale eddies and overlooked by traditional Monin‐Obukhov Similarity theory, is found to be the main cause of increased CDN. At last, a fixing term related to nonlocal effects is proposed based on our observation, and its applicability is verified with two AmeriFlux observation sites with a landscape of forest and savanna, respectively.
Strong Influence of Changes in Terrestrial Water Storage on Flood Potential in India
Authors: Shah Deep , Mishra Vimal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid groundwater depletion due to anthropogenic pumping for irrigation poses enormous challenges on socio‐economic, agricultural, and financial spheres of India. However, the role of groundwater depletion on flood potential in India remains unexplored. We examine the role of changes in terrestrial water and groundwater storage on flood potential using in situ and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites observations and the simulations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) has declined significantly (p value <0.05) with a rate of −0.63 cm yr−1 during 2002–2016 in the Indian subcontinent. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, Brahmani, and Subernarekha river basins experienced a significant decline while Godavari, Mahi, Tapi, and Narmada basins witnessed a substantial increase in TWS during 2002–2016. The relative contribution of TWS on flood potential is higher than precipitation for the majority of the subcontinental river basins. The significant increase/decline in TWS in the subcontinental river basins is driven by the changes in groundwater storage either due to groundwater pumping or natural variability in climate. A significant decrease (increase) in the flood potential in Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus (Godavari, Narmada, and Tapi) is linked to the changes in groundwater storage, which shows the influence of groundwater storage variability beyond water and food security in the region.
Aerosol‐Radiation Interactions of Dust Storm Deteriorate Particle and Ozone Pollution in East China
Authors: Wang Zilin , Huang Xin , Wang Nan , Xu Jiawei , Ding Aijun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEast Asia features frequent dust storms and intensive anthropogenic emissions. The mixing of natural dust and anthropogenic pollutants exerts complicated impacts on air pollution and regional climate. Studies have focused on chemical interactions of the mixed pollution, while the meteorological feedback and influences on atmospheric chemistry have not been fully investigated. Here, a comprehensive study on a widespread dust storm and its influence on the air quality downwind was conducted by combining multiple observations and modeling. We found that dust originated from Gobi Desert was mixed with anthropogenic pollutants after transported to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Through scattering and absorbing radiation, dust aerosol perturbed solar energy budget and led to a more stabilized planetary boundary layer (PBL). A reduction of 15% in PBL height (184 m) weakened the dispersion of locally emitted pollutants and increased primary pollution by 10% in YRD city clusters. Besides, the mixed plume over offshore areas warmed the entire lower atmosphere and increased surface evaporation. Accordingly, ozone formation was accelerated by ∼1 ppbv/h within PBL under higher temperature, and secondary aerosol was increased due to faster photochemical and heterogeneous oxidation. Such enhancements substantially contributed to air quality deterioration in YRD region. This work reveals the complexity of interactions between natural dust and anthropogenic pollutants through both atmospheric chemistry and meteorological feedbacks, which is of great importance in both regional air pollution and climate.
Metagenomic analysis reveals a dynamic microbiome with diversified adaptive functions to utilize high lignocellulosic forages in the cattle rumen
Authors: Gharechahi Javad , Vahidi Mohammad Farhad , Bahram Mohammad , Han Jian-Lin , Ding Xue-Zhi , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rumen microbiota play a key role in the digestion and utilization of plant materials by the ruminant species, which have important implications for greenhouse gas emission. Yet, little is known about the key taxa and potential gene functions involved in the digestion process. Here, we performed a genome-centric analysis of rumen microbiota attached to six different lignocellulosic biomasses in rumen-fistulated cattle. Our metagenome sequencing provided novel genomic insights into functional potential of 523 uncultured bacteria and 15 mostly uncultured archaea in the rumen. The assembled genomes belonged mainly to Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Fibrobacterota and were enriched for genes related to the degradation of lignocellulosic polymers and the fermentation of degraded products into short chain volatile fatty acids. We also found a shift from copiotrophic to oligotrophic taxa during the course of rumen fermentation, potentially important for the digestion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic substrates in the physiochemically complex and varying environment of the rumen. Differential colonization of forages (the incubated lignocellulosic materials) by rumen microbiota suggests that taxonomic and metabolic diversification is an evolutionary adaptation to diverse lignocellulosic substrates constituting a major component of the cattle’s diet. Our data also provide novel insights into the key role of unique microbial diversity and associated gene functions in the degradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials in the rumen.
Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates bacteria-induced liver injury by repressing RUNX1 in dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Qiwei , Wang Bei , Gu Yuting , Yu Hongshuang , Yang Wanlin , Ren Xiaohui , Qian Fengtao , Zhao Xiaonan , Xiao Yichuan , Zhang Yanyun , Jin Min , Zhu Meiling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden and severe impairment in liver function. However, the precise mechanism of immune dysregulation that is significant to FHF pathogenesis remains unclear. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been implicated in inflammation as a regulator of immune cell function. In this study, we investigated the role of EZH2 in an animal model of human FHF induced byPropionibacterium acnes(P. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrated that EZH2 depletion in dendritic cells (DCs) and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 using GSK126 both significantly ameliorated liver injury and improved the survival rates of mice withP. acnesplus LPS-induced FHF, which could be attributed to the decreased infiltration and activation of CD4+T cells in the liver, inhibition of T helper 1 cells and induction of regulatory T cells. The expression of EZH2 in DCs was increased afterP. acnesadministration, and EZH2 deficiency in DCs suppressed DC maturation and prevented DCs from efficiently stimulating CD4+T-cell proliferation. Further mechanistic analyses indicated that EZH2 deficiency directly increased the expression of the transcription factor RUNX1 and thereby suppressed the immune functions of DCs. The functional dependence of EZH2 on RUNX1 was further illustrated in DC-specificEzh2-deficient mice. Taken together, our findings establish that EZH2 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of RUNX1 to regulate DC functions and that inhibition of EZH2 alleviatesP. acnesplus LPS-induced FHF, probably by inhibiting DC-induced adaptive immune responses. These results highlight the effect of EZH2 on DCs, serving as a guide for the development of a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for FHF.