bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of quercetin and its combination with cyclodextrin on the healing of burn wounds in laboratory rats
Authors: Bakunovich A. A. , Astrowski A. A. , Shlyahtun A. H. , Maroz V. L. , Astrovskaja A. V. , Melamed V. D. , Buko V. U. 
Published: December 2019

. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin (QC) and its complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (QECD) in healing burn related skin wounds in the rat model. Male Wistar rats were subjected to third-degree burn injury of skin in the interscapular area using a metal rod heated to 80 °C. The area of the skin which the burn was applied to was secured from the surroundings by the protective chamber. In order to estimate the efficacy of different treatment modalities the experiments were carried out in two stages. On first stage of the study, the group of animals (n = 21) was subjected to burn injury and the wound surface was not affected with additional procedures except the substances for treatment being applied. During the second stage of the study with another group of animals (n = 18) the removal of necrotic tissue was carried out over the period of 3 to 7 days. The progress of the wound healing was followed by performing morphometric analyses in order to determine complete re-epithelialization. The phagocytic index of neutrophils was determined in washouts from the wounds during the healing process. The animals used on the first stage of the study were sacrificed at day 21 of the experiment and those on the second stage at day 43 and the tissues were subjected to histological examination. The amounts of white blood cells and phagocytic index of neutrophils were calculated in blood samples followed by the measurements of metabolic activities of neutrophils. The removal of necrotic tissue has been found to promote better wound healing caused by thermal exposure. No reliable evidence has been obtained on QC or QECD abilities to significantly accelerate the burn wound epithelialization. The square of the secondary wound scab covered the damaged skin surface has been found to be decreased in the first group of animals on the 14th day followed by the exposure while the rate of wound epithelialization has been found to be increased in the second group of animals at the final stage of wound healing under the treatment with substances being investigated. As a result the ability of QE and QECD to normalize the white blood cell differential, phagocytic and metabolic activities of neutrophils recruited to a wound and neutrophil blood levels has been found.
Morphological features of esophageal mucosa damage in patients with the gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Shaukovich Y. Y. , Shyshko V. I. , Matsiuk Y. R. , Basinski V. A. 
Published: December 2019

Nowadays the morphological features of esophageal mucosa damage in patients with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are not completely researched.The objective of the study was to determine the morphological features of esophageal mucosa damage in patients with GERD and OSAHS.143 patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the lower third of the esophagus and respiratory monitoring. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 – patients with GERD, group 2 – patients with GERD and OSAHS, group 3 – with OSAHS, group 4 – comparison group. Morphological examination with morphometric assessment of epithelium thickness, height of connective tissue papillae, internuclear distances and intercellular spaces was performed.Patients with GERD are characterized by a large thickness of the epithelium, higher connective tissue papillae, wider internuclear spaces in epithelium layers, enlarged intercellular spaces in the epithelium of the esophagus in contrast to the patients of the comparison group. Patients with GERD and OSAHS have a more pronounced epithelium thickness and wider internuclear distances in the prickly layer of the epithelium compared with patients with GERD, the high connective tissue papillae with dilated capillaries and signs of microangiopathy, sclerotic changes in the mucosa of the esophagus are determined.The obtained data show that patients with GERD and OSAHS had more pronounced epithelial disorganization in comparison with patients with GERD without OSAHS.
Respiratory sarcoidosis: immunopathogenetic aspects and diagnostic problems
Authors: Surkova L. K. , Borodina G. L. , Shpakovskaya N. S. 
Published: December 2019

The analysis of the state of the problem on the sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs at the present stage has been carried out. The aspects of sarcouidosis immunopathogenesis are considered. Attention is focused on the variability of clinical and morphological manifestations and the expediency of identifying clinical and morphological phenotypes of sarcoidosis.In the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, a comprehensive study of biopsy specimens is recommended, including a morphological study and a molecular study for mycobacterium tuberculosis. The negative result of a molecular study of a tissue substrate improves the accuracy and reliability of morphological verification of sarcoidosis.
Vincas Kudirka’s Programme for Modernizing Society and the Problems of Forming a National Intelligentsia
Authors: Sirutavičius Vladas 
Published: December 2019

The article deals with several closely related problems. Firstly, it presents a concise analysis of the particulars of the formation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia – a modern social élite in the country. It is maintained that in Lithuania (as well as in the other states of Central and Eastern Europe) the intelligentsia’s special role in society was conditioned by its modernization process and the level of its development and manifestation in public life. It was no accident that the pattern of the national ideal, shaped by the intelligentsia, as well as the proposed programme for the modernization of society were of ethnocentric nature.
The second half of the study relates to the project for modernizing society, offered by Vincas Kudirka, a prominent figure in the Lithuanian national movement, a publicist and publisher. It was his belief, supported by many other Lithuanian intellectuals, that the processes of modernization – its social and economic development had to entail and presuppose the development of national self-consciousness. The proposed programme was intended for the lowest and most numerous social layer the peasantry, and it actually expressed that group’s interests. At the same time the modernization programme contained contradictions, acquired ethnocentric features and in future was liable to encourage social and ethnic tensions.
The Old Believers and Society in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century: Religious Tolerance and its Causes
Authors: Potašenko Grigorijus 
Published: December 2019

The appearance of an organized Fedoseevian community in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the eighteenth century was a result of the massive migration of the Old Believers (Old Ritualists), closely related to the resettlement and disturbances of the peasants and out-oftown settlers (posadskie liudi) in Russia. It was the first wave of an extensive emigration from Russia into the Baltic countries, and in particular into Lithuania. Its aftermath was the rise of the Pomorian communities (пморские общества) of the Old Believers. In the late eighteenth century there were between 100,000 and 180,000 Old Believers (about 1.1 to 2 per cent of the total population of the 8.79 million citizens of the Republic of Poland-Lithuania). The main motives behind this emigration of the Russians in the eighteenth century were the following: (1) religious persecution of the Old Believers and the social oppression of the peasants and posadskie liudi in Russia; (2) freedom of religion for the Old Believers and more favourable social and economic conditions in Poland and Lithuania; and (3) intense eschatological feelings and impulsiveness, urging the Old Believers to avoid society and the state, in their belief dominated by the spiritual Antichrist.
This article is devoted to the issue of religious toleration in respect to the Old Believers in the GDL and its reasons. Religious tolerance as a factor conditioning the emigration and formation of a united Fedoseevian community in Lithuania has not yet been properly researched.
Crime Born of Shame and Fear
Authors: Praspaliauskienė Rima 
Published: December 2019

The crimes committed by women in most societies account for only about 10 per cent. One would think that women are not inclined to commit crimes, but they dominate in some crimes. Women committed half the murders in nineteenth-century Lithuania. Violent deaths of infants constituted about half of the total cases of violent deaths. Infanticide was the most common type of murder in Lithuania in the nineteenth century.
This study is based on the analysis of court cases of 85 women accused of infanticide. The article analyses the motivation of the accused women, it seeks to give the answer to the question whether these women were cruel. The fact that most of the accused women (88.2 per cent) belonged to the same social layer of unmarried hired farm labourers suggests that infanticide was not an ordinary, accidental crime. It had deep social causes in that society. The women were scared of the reaction of their parents and the entire rural community. Shame and fear of being turned out and becoming an outcast in the community constituted perhaps the main cause of that crime. Poverty was another important cause for committing a crime. Hired farm labourers were afraid of losing jobs. It was especially difficult for a single mother with a child to find employment and to earn a living for herself and her child; quite often she had to go begging. The accused women were familiar with the fate of single mothers. Such a girl had no future in a rural community. Nonetheless, one can think that getting rid of a baby was a primitive form of birth control in the nineteenth century. Therefore these women should not be regarded as cruel. Simply the way that they chose was more acceptable to that social environment in which they lived.
Nationality Statistics and Russian Politics in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Authors: Staliūnas Darius 
Published: December 2019

In the first half of the nineteenth century the polyethnic nature of the Russian Empire was not a serious problem for its ruling elite. However, ongoing modernization processes and various nationality problems forced the government to pay attention to the ethnic variety of the state. Endeavours to rule the large empire more effectively and certain political reasons led to the taking of nationality censuses. The present paper deals with the causes of the censuses in the Northwest Province of the Russian Empire (in what is now Lithuania and Belarus) in the mid-nineteenth century, with the changes that the gathering of the material underwent and with the use of the collected data for political purposes.
Nationality statistics should not be seen merely as an ideological tool. The authorities were in need of nationality statistical data to ensure more effective administration and assessment of the results of their nationality policies. Nevertheless, nationality censuses served ideological aims, too. That was attested by the increasing mistrust of the authorities in statistical data, presented by ‘the Poles’ (mostly by the Catholic clergy). Although Russian ethnographers had placed emphasis on language as a criterion handy for the imperial government in the definition of the nationality of the common people, even in the mid-nineteenth century priority was often given to faith rather than language. That demonstrated how deep-rooted was the equation between faith and nationality in Russian public discourse at that time. Meanwhile as far as the social elite was concerned, national identity was specified by faith, culture, political aspirations and language, too. Although ideologically it was sometimes more convenient to emphasize the Russian or Lithuanian origin of the majority of the gentry, ethno-political reality prevented this from being done with any consistency.
Nationality statistics were used in order to ‘prove’ that the region was allegedly not Polish but Russian. Other arguments, largely historical, were used as well.
Changes in Attitudes Towards Russia Among the Lithuanian-Polish Elite at the Turn of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Sliesoriūnas Gintautas 
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the rise of the manifestation of servilism among the Polish-Lithuanian nobility in relation to Russia in the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Although the entire rule of Augustus II (1697–1733) is investigated in this study, the main attention is focused on the period after the 1719 Treaty of Vienna, when the King attempted to reduce his dependence on Russia, while the latter energetically began forming a clique of adherents among the Commonwealth’s noblemen to compromise royal policy. In this activity Russia was most successful among the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This work analyzes Russian diplomats’ methods, including bribery and intimidation.
This research is based on documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire.
Federalist Plans in Central and Eastern Europe and the Question of the Baltic States in the Context of Polish Politics During World War II
Authors: Kisielewski Tadeusz 
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with federalist plans of Central and Eastern Europe during World War II. The Polish government in exile and its Czechoslovak counterpart actively participated in the implementation of such plans. A Central- and Eastern European federation was to be an eventual alternative to Stalin’s plans of Europe’s Sovietization and to Hitler’s ‘New Europe’.
For some time these federalist plans were supported by Great Britain and the United States. Besides, in British and American circles there were also other models for creating a European regional union.
On 11 November 1940 Poland and Czechoslovakia managed to sign a declaration on the formation of a federation. However, soon disagreements concerning attitudes towards the Soviet Union as well as over Lithuania’s place in the federation arose.
The Formation of the Land Court System in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1564–1588)
Authors: Vilimas Darius 
Published: December 2019

This article investigates the formation of the system of land courts in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period between 1564 and 1588. This process was an integral part of the social and structural modernisation of the GDL in the second half of the sixteenth century.
The powiat (district) land courts of the GDL were formally established between 1564 and 1566 in the aftermath of administrative and legal reforms. An analysis of the changes of the officials of land courts and their kinship relations has revealed the beginning of the formation of powiat land court officials as a specific group.
The purpose of the land court reform was to formalise the equality of the entire ruling gentry ‘nation’ before the law. However, the magnate families of the GDL managed to preserve both their possessed wealth and high posts.
The Contribution of the Teutonic Order to the Evangelisation of Prussia
Authors: Radzimiński Andrzej 
Published: December 2019

This article analyses archdiocesan and diocesan synod legislation in the four bishoprics of the Teutonic Ordensstaat in Prussia (Culm, Pomesania, Ermland and Samland) to reveal evangelisation processes in Prussia. Given the sparse nature of the sources available for studying local church history, synod legislation provides useful evidence of pastoral practice in the area. The author surveys methodological problems arising from this situation.
On the basis of Rigan archdiocesan statutes and diocesan legislation from the fifteenth century for the most part the author examines the evangelisation process and the problems facing the Church in Prussia.
The author examines obligations to attend Mass on Sundays and holy days. He deals with the teaching of basic prayers (the Lord’s Prayer, the Apostles’ and Nicene Creed) in Latin and the vernacular. Rules for making confession and the advice of penitentials by the parish clergy are studied. The author asks how far the requirements of synod legislation were transmitted to the laity. Bishops recommended statutes be published in the chancel of churches but it is hard to know how illiterate Prussian laymen could use them. The author asks what negative aspects of Prussian religious and social life were not eradicated during almost two centuries of Catholic instruction; how effective were the efforts of German bishops and priests at proselytising the Prussian laity? The statutes examined here suggest that even in the fifteenth century Prussians lacked proper understanding of the sacraments of baptism, marriage or the Mass.
Even though ‘pagan’ practices survived in Prussia we must not underestimate the achievements of the local Church. There must be serious reconsideration of outdated scholarly claims that in the Late Middle Ages Prussia was Christian only in name and that evangelisation among the Prussian masses was out of the question.
Burial and Sacrifice in Lithuania During the Late Fourteenth - Fifteenth Century: Religious Confrontation or A Unique Conversion Phenomenon – Baptism by Fire?
Authors: Svetikas Eugenijus 
Published: December 2019

This article seeks traces of the 1387 Lithuanian baptism formula, i.e. a religious confrontation or the conversion from paganism to Christianity, in the archaeological material. One type of find, low-relief ring brooches were selected for this purpose since they are found in fourteenth-century Livonian Christian burials, late- fourteenth – fifteenthcentury Lithuanian inhumation burials in Lithuania, sacrificial pits, pyre sites, and Lake Obeliai. It would be difficult to find more suitable finds in Lithuanian archaeological material for researching late-fourteenth-century religious confrontation or conversion than low relief ring brooches since it is precisely these that help to place the various burial customs and rites in chronological order.
Low-relief ring brooches were Christian devotional objects intended for neophytes. Most of them consist of brooches with a grapevine or seven doves. In some of the sacrificial locations they are found brand new, while in others they have been in a very hot fire. The chronology of their sacrificial locations coincides with the beginning of Lithuania’s Christianisation in the late - fourteenth – early - fifteenth century but in no way with the end of the old faith we are seeking. Thus this archaeological material does not provide data for a religious confrontation in the late fourteenth century but does point to a unique phenomenon from the beginning of the religious conversion: evangelical baptism by fire.
Automatisierte Wertstromanalyse auf Basis mobiler Sensornetzwerke
Authors: be Isa Johannes , Segerer Bernd , Miller Anja , Kaffenberger Christopher , Dräger Tobias , Korn Clemens , Franz Marcus , Boppert Julia , Latzel Sabine 
Published: December 2019

Kurzfassung
Die Aufgabe der Wertstromanalyse ist nicht-wertschöpfende Tätigkeiten zu identifizieren, zu reduzieren oder im Idealfall zu eliminieren. Hierzu werden die Material- und Informationsflüsse aufgenommen und analysiert. Diese Tätigkeit erfolgt bisher meist mit hohem manuellem Aufwand. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt das entwickelte Konzept der automatisierten Wertstromanalyse, dessen Nutzen und Funktionsweise. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Blick in die prototypische Umsetzung der automatisierten Wertstromanalyse bei SGL Carbon und dem Joint Venture Unternehmen Brembo SGL Carbon Ceramic Brakes GmbH.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING DAN KONTROL INFUS DENGAN PENERAPAN INTERNET of THINGS (IoT) BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Halifatullah Ismail , Sulaksono Danang Haryo , Tukadi Tukadi 
Published: December 2019

Infus adalah suatu piranti kesehatan yang dalam kondisi tertentu digunakan untuk menggantikan cairan yang hilang dan menyeimbangkan elektrolit tubuh. Dengan kondisi tersebut diperlukan adanya sistem monitoring dan kontrol jarak jauh untuk memantau kondisi infus secara real time. Untuk membangun sistem tersebut diperlukan beberapa komponen sensor seperti photodioda untuk monitoring tetesan infus, loadcell untuk monitoring berat botol infus, RGB sensor TCS34725 untuk monitoring penyumbatan darah serta modul Wi-Fi esp8266 untuk menerapkan konsep internet of things pada sistem tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian sistem kontrol didapatkan tingkat keakuratan sistem sebesar 80% dan tingkat keakuratan manual sebesar 70% dengan tingkat keakuratan selisih antara manual dan sistem sebesar 87,5% sedangkan tingkat keberhasilan pengiriman data pada sistem monitoring sebesar 90%. Dengan nilai tingkat keakuratan selisih tersebut sistem kontrol dapat menstabilkan tetesan infus, sedangkan dengan nilai tingkat keberhasilan pengiriman data tersebut, sensor pada sistem monitoring dengan penerapan internet of things berjalan dengan baik.
SELEKSI CALON PENERIMA BEASISWA PT. ADIMITRA BARATAMA NUSANTARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING
Authors: Suprapty Bedi , Utami Lia Dwi , Putra Arief Bramanto Wicaksono 
Published: December 2019

PT. Adimitra Baratama Nusantara merupakan perusahaan batu bara di Sangasanga yang memberikan bantuan dana beasiswa kepada siswa siswi yang ada di Sangasanga. Banyaknya pendaftar peserta beasiswa membuat pihak perusahaan kesulitan dalam menangani pengolahan data, sehingga diperlukan perangkat lunak untuk mempermudah pengolahan data tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan membangun suatu model keputusan untuk menentukan penerima beasiswa menggunakan metode SAW agar proses seleksi calon penerima beasiswa dapat terselesaikan dengan tepat, cepat, dan lebih terprosedural. Penentuan penerima beasiswa ditentukan dari beberapa kriteria antara lain; penghasilan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga tidak bekerja, daya listrik rumah, nilai rata-rata raport, kelas, dan jumlah extrakurikuler yang diikuti. Kemudian untuk merancang sebuah aplikasi diperlukan beberapa tahap yaitu dengan membuat Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, dan Entity Relationship Diagram dan menerapkannya ke dalam suatu software/program yang akan dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman visual basic 6 beserta database microsoft access. Model keputusan calon penerima beasiswa pada PT. Adimitra Baratama Nusantara dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) ini menghasilkan 10 pendaftar terpilih sebagai penerima beasiswa dan 20 pendaftar dinyatakan gagal dalam proses seleksi
EVALUATION OF SERUM ZINC LEVELS IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: Singh Gurnoor , Bhardwaj Anand Kumar , Chauhan Gauri , Singh Vikramjot 
Published: December 2019

Background: ARI is the leading cause of mortality and a common cause of morbidity in children below 5 years. Zinc deficiency may increase the risk of respiratory tract infection. Zinc is thought to decrease susceptibility to acute lower respiratory infections by regulating various immune functions. The aim of study was to study serum zinc levels in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections aged 2 month to 5 years.
Material and Methods: Serum Zinc levels in a hundred children admitted with ARI were evaluated.
Results and conclusion: Out of a hundred patients with ARI, 60% had below normal levels. Mean serum zinc levels were 70.27 +­­­ ­-­ 25.23 microgram/dl. Zinc levels in LARIs were significantly lower (P value<0.05) when compared to UARIs. There was no statistically significant correlation with age, gender, anemia and immunization status.
Keywords: ARI, UARIs, LARIs, Zinc serum levels.
Abbreviations: ARIs- Acute Respiratory Infections, UARIs- Upper Acute Respiratory Infections, LARIs- Lower Acute Respiratory Infections, NIS- National immunization Schedule