bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yolk−Shell Nano ZnO@Co‐Doped NiO with Efficient Polarization Adsorption and Catalysis Performance for Superior Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xu Pingdi , Liu Handing , Zeng Qingwen , Li Xiao , Li Qing , Pei Ke , Zhang Yahui , Yu Xuefeng , Zhang Jie , Qian Xiang , Che Renchao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAchieving strong adsorption and catalytic ability toward polar lithium polysulfide species (LiPSs) of the sulfur host in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is essential for their electrochemical cyclic stability. Herein, a strategy of “self‐termination of ion exchange” is put forward to synthesize the novel yolk‐shell sulfur host composed of ZnO nanoparticles confined in Co‐doped NiO (CDN) polyhedron (ZCCDN). After sulfur infiltration, the obtained S/ZCCDN cathode achieves excellent performance of 738.56 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C with a very low capacity decay rate of only 0.048% per cycle. Even at 1 C, 501.05 mAh g−1 could be retained after 500 cycles, suggesting a capacity decay ratio of only 0.076% per cycle. The good cycle performance is attributed to the improved LiPSs’ conversion kinetics, which originates from ZCCDN's sturdy chemical affinity and strong catalytic ability to polar LiPSs. For the first time, by electron holography, the local interfacial polarization electric field is clarified to be existed in the material which is conducive to the capture of LiPSs and the migration of electrons and Li+ from the mesopores. This work provides a rational way for the use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and development of cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Positive and negative rates of temperature changes at weather stations of Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Tartakovsky V A , Cheredko N N , Maximov V G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Temperature data from 1956 to 2016 at 927 weather stations of the Northern Hemisphere is studied focusing on the emergent properties of the climate system. We introduce a measure to estimate climate variability. The measure is calculated as the correlation coefficient of mean-positive and mean-negative temperature rates which, respectively, are connected with the influent and effluent energies averaged over the observation interval. It has been found that the mean-positive and mean-negative rates are balanced and have a high degree of association with each other. A hypothesis about the essence of geospheric balancing is proposed, and estimates for it are obtained. Changes in the measure are calculated in the period from 1999 to 2016. The thus discovered properties open a way for comparisons of the observed and emergent characteristics that may foster the development of ideas related to climate. This approach is aimed at monitoring climate variability and paving a promising path to this goal.
Development perspectives of channel processes in the Sylva River basin (the Kama basin) in the XXI century
Authors: Nazarov N N , Frolova I V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
According to some well-established connections between air temperatures and atmospheric precipitation for the entire period of instrumental observations, it is concluded that the modern values of humidification in the Sylva River basin (the Kama basin) will be preserved until the end of the XXI century. When determining the trend in the development of channel processes, results of forecasts of relative changes in the annual runoff calculated for the East-European Plain with an ensemble of 7 CMIP3 models are used. The range of fluctuations is 0.9–1.1. The development of channel processes in the territory under study will not undergo significant changes in its orientation and activity until the end of the XXI century.
Parametrization of snow accumulation under forest canopy for INM RAS-MSU land surface model
Authors: Marchuk E A , Stepanenko V M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Snow accumulation and melting is one of the most important processes to be simulated by a land surface model. Snow parameterization schemes have been constructed to be applicable to areas without vegetation until the 90s of the 20th century. Even nowadays, only a few of the most advanced Earth system models (for example, CLM, SiB) include sophisticated parameterizations of snow cover including under-canopy snow storage. This paper presents a new snow cover parameterization in the INM RAS-MSU land surface scheme explicitly taking into account snow accumulation under vegetation canopy. The thus updated scheme has been tested using measurement data for the Severnaya Dvina River basin. The new snow scheme takes into account more physical processes that are specific to forested river catchments. This is a necessary step to improve the simulation of water and heat balances in boreal regions.
Numerical simulation of intense precipitation in Moscow region: a case study of a heavy rainfall event on June 30, 2017
Authors: Yarinich Yu I , Varentsov M I , Platonov V S , Stepanenko V M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper considers physical and synoptic mechanisms of an extreme rainfall on June 30, 2017 in the central part of European Russia, which was the maximum of daily precipitation sum in Moscow (65 mm) since 1970. Based on meteorological observations, radar data, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we show that the rainfall was associated with three mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that formed in the warm sector of a cyclone in a strip of anomalously high moisture content in the considered region, which developed further due to advection and evaporation. A numerical simulation with mesoscale model COSMO shows a significant contribution to the precipitation intensity of evaporation from the Earth’s surface: a 10-times decrease in soil the moisture in the initial conditions leads to a 3-times decrease in the amount of precipitation and its intensity. Additionally, we consider urban-induced effects on this rainfall event by switching on and off urban parametrization TERRA_URB. The application of the urban surface parametrization has not changed the average amount of precipitation in Moscow region. It causes, however, a redistribution of precipitation sums within it.
Consistency of the Iksinskoe bog dynamics with extreme Holocene climate events
Authors: Preis Yu I , Krutikov V A , Polishchuk V Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research is devoted to the response of the southern taiga oligotrophic Iksinskoe bog to extreme Holocene climatic events. Based on data of preliminary geological exploration and 14 C-dated cores-analogues of this bog, a spatio-temporal model of paludification and vegetation succession from 11 paleosurface chrono-slices is created. It has been shown that the global dry cooling events of about 8200, 5900, 4900, and 2800 cal yr BP influenced the bog dynamics. Their direct impact is through the formation of a long-term thawing seasonal frost and permafrost water pressure as well as palsa. Their indirect impact is through a permafrost degradation and a subsequent warming. The cooling of 2800 cal yr BP had the maximum effect due to a drying and cryogenic peat accumulation stopping over a large area of the bog. During the subsequent warming of 2450 and 1900 cal yr BP there was a significant increase in the water content of the bog surface, and a phased oligotrophization of paleophytocenoses took place. The direct and indirect impacts of extremely dry Holocene cooling caused active paludificating, catastrophic changes in the paleophytocenoses, high water content of the surface, and reduced the depth of peat deposits of the Iksinskoe bog.
Methane fluxes in an artificial valley reservoir according to field observations and mathematical modeling
Authors: Lomov V , Stepanenko V , Grechushnikova M , Repina I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A very important problem nowadays is to assess anthropogenic impact on global warming. Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere is the main reason for the rising global planet temperatures. The most important greenhouse gases (GHGs) are carbon dioxide and methane. The forcing made by carbon dioxide has been studied for a long time, while less attention has been focused on methane in this regard. However, more and more evidence indicates significant methane emissions into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources. Less studied, but also important sources of methane are artificial reservoirs. In order to more accurately estimate methane emissions from the reservoirs, it is necessary to study the processes occurring with methane in the aquatic ecosystems in detail. For this purpose, in this study a Mozhaysk reservoir located in Moscow region is chosen. Studies of the spatial and temporal variations of methane fluxes have been carried out on this site for 6 years since 2015. In addition, this reservoir is used for validation of a well-known model, LAKE. This model can be used as an instrument for detailed estimation of methane emissions into the atmosphere from the surface of reservoirs.
Formation of gases and aerosol composition in background and urban areas of Western Siberia: a case study for the record-breaking hot April of 2020
Authors: Antokhina O Yu , Antokhin P N , Arshinov M Yu , Belan B D , Davydov D K , Kozlov A V , Savkin D E , Sklyadneva T K , Tolmachev G N , Fofonov A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of a comprehensive analysis of the formation of gases and aerosol composition during the anomalously hot April 2020 in Western Siberia. The analysis of the observed change in atmospheric composition and a modeling study with the WRF-Chem is carried out for suburban (TOR-station) and background (FON-station) areas. Two episodes of increased gases and aerosols were detected:13-15 April with a peak on 14 (in most part for the TOR station: increased NO, NO2, CO, CO2, aerosols) and 17-24 April with a peak on 23 (for both stations O3, aerosol, in most part for the FON station: NO2, SO2, CO, and CO2). Atmospheric circulation in the first episode was characterized by mesoscale differences between the two studied locations (surface temperature delta, although both stations are in the same region of large-scale transfers). For the second episode, a large scale atmospheric ridge was observed, which caused a transboundary transfer from Northern Kazakhstan and early wildfires. The simulation with WRF has demonstrated in most cases only the role of wildfires and, in general, has not demonstrated any observed differences between the two episodes. It shows that there is a need to search for more sensitive methods of discovering sources of pollution.
Methods of studying and forecasting of storm winds in the territory of Russia
Authors: Glebov V V , Erofeeva V V , Shevsov V V , Anikina E V 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis review paper provides information about methods of storm wind research and forecasting. A storm wind is a dangerous hydrometeorological phenomenon that occurs on land or causes strong waves at sea. The mechanism of development of this phenomenon is associated with a powerful action of some conventional processes in the atmosphere. The importance of studying and forecasting storm-force winds is related to the damage that such winds can cause. Currently, the observation network in Russia is still insufficient for a full-scale assessment of convective phenomena. An exception is the Central Federal District, where there is a continuous coverage of the territory by observation data. Therefore, an important step in this direction is to equip the country’s territories with a network of sensors for continuous recording of the meteorological situation. The most optimal device that allows determining the structure and physical characteristics of the origins of storm winds is the weather radar. Another comprehensive approach to assessing the origins and passage of storm winds is the use of remote sensing data. Methods based on the non-hydrostatic general use models WRF-NMM (Weather Research and Forecasting-Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model) and WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting) have made significant progress in predicting storm winds. These models have been developed in the USA. The world practice of forecasts shows that these models can reproduce the mesoscale convective processes quite well and be used in a system of early warning of the danger of strong winds.
Standardization of Forms and Tools for Inter-machine Interaction in Exchange of Hydrometeorological Data
Authors: Viazilov E D , Melnikov D A , Mikheev A S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The necessity of organizing a machine-to-machine data exchange in the Earth sciences for their subsequent interdisciplinary analysis is shown. The barriers that hinder interaction between various information systems are indicated. The requirements, FAIR, for datasets and the principles, TRUST, for data repositories that must be met to effectively exchange data are presented. An ocean data exchange scheme is described, which is used within a pan-European project, SeaDataCloud, and can be proposed for data exchange with the World Data System. International formats of data exchange services and data visualization tools are briefly described. Examples of integration of distributed and heterogeneous data, metadata bases, and information about classifiers used in ESIMO (http://esimo.ru) are considered. An idea of standardizing a format for storing and exchanging data in the form of time series is proposed. In addition to standardization of formats, it is necessary to standardize the common codes and classifiers used in the data exchange and the parameter names from a unified vocabulary. Some prospects of inter-machine interaction are the creation of tools of data exchange with the existing international and national systems and of conveyor data processing ranging from hydrometeorological data collection to their use in business processes.
Citizen weather stations data for monitoring applications and urban climate research: an example of Moscow megacity
Authors: Varentsov M I , Samsonov T E , Kargashin P E , Korosteleva P A , Varentsov A I , Perkhurova A A , Konstantinov P I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study considers experience in use of crowdsourced meteorological observations from the world’s biggest network of citizen weather stations (CWSs), Netatmo, for urban climate research and applied monitoring services on the example of Moscow megacity. Crowdsourcing paradigm is an emerging alternative to the development of expensive urban meteorological networks. We have experimentally evaluated the uncertainties of the Netatmo temperature observations and regard them as being acceptable when the stations are shadowed from the sun. In order to filter out the misrepresentative observations, a quality-control algorithm has been developed. Within more than 1500 CWSs in the Moscow region, only about 25% meet this quality control, which is still one order of magnitude higher than the number of official Roshydromet weather stations in the study area. Such amount of data opens new opportunities for spatially-resolving urban climate studies and for applied services. As an example of the latter, we present a prototype of a web-mapping application for a near-real-time temperature monitoring system in Moscow. The application’s backend includes automatic services for downloading of observations from Netatmo and official Roshydromet networks, as well as for database maintaining. The processed data are visualized interactively in a web browser. The application is available on the Internet at http://carto.geogr.msu.ru/mosclim/. It will be further developed to include a real-time thermal comfort assessment based on the contemporary PET and UTCI biometeorological indices, a visualization of the interpolated fields, and other improvements.
Computing core of a software package for “cloud” analysis of climate change and the environment
Authors: Okladnikov I G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The computing core of an information and computing software package based on a dedicated software framework for carrying out scientific research related to statistical processing and analysis of spatial geophysical data archives obtained both from observations and modelling is presented. In its development, accumulated experience in the development of information-computational web GISs for processing of large amounts of spatial data has been used. The basic components of the computing core are represented by modules for searching, selecting, and processing spatial data arrays and by a core manager governing the processing and data flows. Its modular structure provides a possibility to operatively expand the functionality of the software complex using various procedures for mathematical and statistical analysis, processing and graphical representation of the results in the form of graphs, diagrams, and fields on a map of the territory under consideration.
Multidisciplinary ENVIROMIS conference: new experience
Authors: Gordov E P , Okladnikov I G , Genina E Yu , Gordova E Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A forced by the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) approach to organization of multidisciplinary conference is described. A hybrid format combining both online and offline presentations is presented and advantages and disadvantages of the used approach are evaluated as well as the received feedback.
Transparent boundary condition for the momentum conservative scheme of the shallow water equations
Authors: Ginting M A , Pudjaprasetya S R , Adytia D , Wiryanto L H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In conducting water wave simulations, the correct implementation of boundary conditions is important to obtain accurate wave dynamics in the computational domain. For assessment of coastal structures such as breakwaters, where both transmitted and reflected waves are present in the computational domain, we often need to observe simulation behavior for a somewhat long period of time. In this case, applying a transparent boundary condition is necessary, a condition that allows transmitted wave propagates to the right, whereas reflected waves propagates to the left at all times. In this paper, we propose a transparent boundary condition which derives from the embedded wave generation method of Liam et al. [5]. In this paper, the method is implemented to the momentum conservative scheme of the shallow water equations, and conduct several wave simulations. First, we use a monochromatic wave to demonstrate the implementation of embedded wave generation for constructing transparent boundary condition. Second, we show how this method has an effect on the backward and onward shoreline motion of Carrier-Greenspan [2] simulation. Finally, we consider a simulation of wave reduction due to a submerged breakwater with a certain dimension.
The Pi −

P1NC

Finite Element Method for 1D wave simulation using Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Swastika P. V. , Pudjaprasetya S.R. , Adytia D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study a simple numerical scheme based on a new type of Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the 1D Shallow Water Equations. In the new scheme, the surface elevation variable is approximated by a linear continuous basis function (P
1) and the velocity potential variable is approximated by the one-dimensional discontinuous linear non-conforming basis function (

P
1

N
C

). Here, we implement the P
1 −

P
1

N
C

finite element pair to solve the 1D Shallow Water Equations on a structured grid, whereas the Runge Kutta method is adopted for time integration. We verified the resulting scheme by conducting several simulations such as a standing wave simulation, and propagation of an initial hump over sloping bathymetry. The resulting scheme free from numerical damping error, conservative and both standing wave and shoaling phenomena are well simulated.
A Numerical Study of The Outflow of Makassar Strait Using Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS)
Authors: Munir Ahmad Sirojudin , Nasution Yuki Novia , Mandang Idris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the Makassar Strait, upwelling occurred by wind-driven current and complexity of bottom topography. Analysis of upwelling phenomena could be determined by salinity, temperature and three-dimensional current value which happened in a year as a climatology change. Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) is a terrain-following three-dimensional model to calculate a numerical value which needs stability for long-duration simulation. The model has been simulated for 1 year from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 and verified by tidal data. Horizontal Boundary Condition which contains u-v velocities, salinity and temperature, is a climatology data from GLBa0.08 HYCOM. Atmospheric forcing was calculated from ERA-INTERIM ECMWF. The verification uses RMSE and RRE methods and showed good result between model and observation data with RMSE=0.1454 meter and RRE=6.5806%. The result was analysed from twelve sampling points, six points on the outflow of the Makassar Strait which generated upwelling and the six others on the canal that connect to the Flores Sea and the Java Sea. The model gave a good result on January, and indicate average w-velocity of 9.1183 m/day.
The Ocean Heat Content of Lombok Strait Water Masses in 2011 – 2015
Authors: Chairuasni Luqman N , Ramadhan F L , Bernawis Lamona I , Rachmayani Rima , Putri M R 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Lombok Strait that located between the island of Bali and Lombok is one of the seas in Indonesia that connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Therefore, the characteristics of the Lombok Strait waters get influence from those oceans. In this research, the analysis of water masses in the Lombok Strait waters are investigated and analysed by using T-S diagram. The main data used are temperature and salinity from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) model in 2011 – 2015 with 1/12° × 1/12° horizontal resolution and vertical resolution up to 1500 m. The T-S diagram was used to identify the water masses contribution in the Lombok Strait and the ocean heat content (OHC) was calculated for each water mass. The Timor Sea Water (TSW) and Australasian Mediterranean Water (AAMW) contributed maximally in thermocline layer with 65.85% of the total heat content (1.12 × 1013J/m2) and 24.46% (4.16 × 1012J/m2). Then, The Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Banda Intermediate Water (BIW) contributed maximally in intermediate layer (500 – 1500 m) with 8.17% of total heat content (1.39 × 1012J/m2) and 1.52% (2.59 × 1011J/m2). In addition, the ocean heat content of each water mass was influenced by El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The ocean heat content of TSW and BIW increased when El-Niño and positive of IOD appeared and decreased during La-Niña and negative of IOD. Conversely, the ocean heat content of AAMW and AAIW decreased when El-Niño and positive of IOD appeared and increased during La-Niña and negative of IOD.
Comparison of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea between La Nina 2011 and El Nino 2015 events based on numerical model
Authors: Riza Muhammad , Putri Mutiara R , Mandang Idris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Variations of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea are strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Based on the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), in 2011 La Nina event took place with a strength of 3.02, while in 2015 El Nino occurred with a strength of -2.6. This paper discusses the variation of transport volume caused by the ENSO phenomenon based on the results of the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). On the Halmahera Sea at a latitude of 0.3°S with a width of 67 km and a depth of down to 200 m, net volume transport always moves southward. The largest volume transport in La Nina 2011 occurred in September-October, which was -8.9 Sv. Meanwhile, in El Nino 2015 the largest volume transport occurred in July-August, which was equal to -4.9 Sv. The cross correlation coefficient between volume transport and SOI in 2011 and 2015 was r = 0.55 and r = 0.61 respectively, where these results indicate a strong relationship.