bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition in all its forms and socio-economic disparities in children under 5 years of age and women of reproductive age in Peru
Authors: Curi-Quinto Katherine , Ortiz-Panozo Eduardo , López de Romaña Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:To compare the distribution of malnutrition by socio-economic indicators (SEI) in Peruvian children under 5 years and women of reproductive age (WRA).Design:We analysed data from the National Demographic and Family Health Survey. WHO criteria were used to define malnutrition indicators (overweight/obesity combined (OW); wasting/underweight; stunting/short stature; anaemia). Linear combination test was used to compare the prevalence of malnutrition by SEI (wealth index as a proxy of socio-economic status (SES); education; ethnicity). Prevalence ratio (PR) was used to describe disparities and associations between malnutrition and SEI.Setting:Peru (2015).Participants:Children (n 22 833) under 5 years and WRA (n 33 503; 5008 adolescents and 28 495 adults).Results:The most prevalent form of malnutrition was anaemia (32·0 %) in children and OW in adolescent and adult WRA (31·3 and 65·1 %, respectively). Adjusted models showed that stunting and anaemia were significantly lower among children with high SES (PR = 0·25, 0·67), high-educated mothers (PR = 0·26, 0·76) and higher in indigenous children (PR = 1·3, 1·2); conversely, OW was higher among those with high SES and high-educated mothers (PR = 1·8, 1·6) compared with their lowest counterparts. In WRA, stunting/short stature was lower among those with high SES, high education and higher in indigenous adult women. OW in adolescents and adults was higher in high SES (PR = 1·4, 1·1), lower in indigenous adult women (PR = 0·84) and lower in high-educated adult women (PR = 0·86).Conclusions:In the studied population, the distribution of malnutrition was associated with SEI disparities. Effective policies that integrate actions to overcome the double burden of malnutrition and reduce disparities are needed.
Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research
Authors: Wilson Sylia , Haroian Kevin , Iacono William G. , Krueger Robert F. , Lee James J. , Luciana Monica , Malone Stephen M. , McGue Matt , Roisman Glenn I. , Vrieze Scott 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) comprises multiple longitudinal, community-representative investigations of twin and adoptive families that focus on psychological adjustment, personality, cognitive ability and brain function, with a special emphasis on substance use and related psychopathology. The MCTFR includes the Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR), a cohort of twins who have completed assessments in middle and older adulthood; the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) of twins assessed from childhood and adolescence into middle adulthood; the Enrichment Study (ES) of twins oversampled for high risk for substance-use disorders assessed from childhood into young adulthood; the Adolescent Brain (AdBrain) study, a neuroimaging study of adolescent twins; and the Siblings Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS), a study of adoptive and nonadoptive families assessed from adolescence into young adulthood. Here we provide a brief overview of key features of these established studies and describe new MCTFR investigations that follow up and expand upon existing studies or recruit and assess new samples, including the MTR Study of Relationships, Personality, and Health (MTR-RPH); the Colorado-Minnesota (COMN) Marijuana Study; the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; the Colorado Online Twins (CoTwins) study and the Children of Twins (CoT) study.
Calibration of Differential Pressure Gauges Through In Situ Testing
Authors: Doran A.K. , Rapa M. , Laske G. , Babcock J. , McPeak S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDifferential pressure gauges (DPGs) are a standard component of modern broadband ocean‐bottom seismometer instruments and have proven useful for observing a wide range of seismic and oceanographic phenomena. However, the response function of the DPG remains poorly known, limiting our ability to recover amplitude and phase information from seafloor pressure signals with high fidelity. The sensitivity and long‐period response are difficult to calibrate in the lab, as they are known to vary with temperature and pressure and perhaps between sensors of the same design. We present the results of a field experiment designed to determine empirical response functions in situ by inducing a pre‐defined pressure offset on a deployed instrument. The results compare favorably with calibrations estimated independently through post‐deployment data analyses. Our study demonstrates that observed response functions can deviate from the nominal response by a factor of two or greater with regards to both the sensitivity and the time constant. Incorporating calibration devices such as those described here into future deployments may prove to be a cost‐effective way to improve the accuracy and utility of differential pressure data.
Discovering Dependencies, Trade‐Offs, and Robustness in Joint Dam Design and Operation: An Ex‐Post Assessment of the Kariba Dam
Authors: Bertoni F. , Castelletti A. , Giuliani M. , Reed P. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobally, many countries are actively seeking to maximize the hydropower potential of major river basins, yielding proposals for constructing approximately 3,700 major dams in the near future. At present, economic cost‐benefit analyses are the dominant approach for evaluating candidate dam designs. Yet they typically fail to explore the interdependence of dam design and operation by (i) monetizing and aggregating potentially conflicting and heterogeneous objectives into a single metric and (ii) using predefined operating rules aimed at maximizing specific performance objectives for the dams to be designed. Careful consideration of alternative reservoir operating schemes can help to avoid biases in how optimal dam sizes are identified while also clarifying their capacity to adapt to changing hydroclimatic conditions and human demands. This paper presents an integrated framework to solve coupled dam sizing and operation design problems. The framework combines Multiobjective Robust Decision Making and Evolutionary Multiobjective Direct Policy Search into a novel approach to dam sizing, which internalizes the operation design problem and explicitly considers uncertainty in external drivers. We demonstrate the potential of this integrated dam design framework through an ex‐post design analysis of the Kariba dam in the Zambezi river basin. Our results show that careful exploration of the coupled planning/operation search space yields designs that significantly outperform the existing Kariba system. Moreover, we demonstrate that our framework leads to a significant reduction in capital costs (i.e., smaller reservoir sizes) while simultaneously improving system robustness with respect to changing hydroclimatology and human irrigation demands.
Mean European Carbon Sink Over 2010–2015 Estimated by Simultaneous Assimilation of Atmospheric CO2, Soil Moisture, and Vegetation Optical Depth
Authors: Scholze M. , Kaminski T. , Knorr W. , Voßbeck M. , Wu M. , Ferrazzoli P. , Kerr Y. , Mialon A. , Richaume P. , Rodríguez-Fernández N. , Vittucci C. , Wigneron J.‐P. , Mecklenburg S. , Drusch M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe northern land biosphere is believed to be the main global sink of CO2, but the contribution of Europe is uncertain. While bottom‐up estimates and inverse atmospheric transport studies based on atmospheric CO2 observed in situ or from space by OCO‐2 point to a moderate rate of uptake, some other inversions based on remotely sensed atmospheric CO2 from GOSAT/SCIAMACHY and biomass estimates from passive microwave satellite data point to a large sink of around 1 Gt C/yr. We present results from combining both approaches in a data assimilation framework, inverting a biosphere model against in situ atmospheric CO2 and passive microwave measurements. When assimilating all observations, we estimate a European carbon sink of 0.303 ± 0.083 Gt C/yr for 2010–2015. The result agrees with other bottom‐up studies and atmospheric inversions using in situ CO2 or OCO‐2 observations pointing to potential data problems when using observations from GOSAT or SCIAMACHY to estimate the European CO2 sink.
Evaluating the Future of Lightning in Cloud‐Resolving Models
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo proxies for lightning predict very different responses to global warming: the CAPE times precipitation proxy predicts a large increase in lightning over both the continental United States and the tropical oceans, while the ice flux proxy predicts a small increase over the United States and a decrease over the tropical oceans. To date, however, these proxies have been studied only in global climate models with parameterized convection. Here, cloud‐resolving simulations are used to assess their predictions of future lightning rates. Over the United States, all proxies predict a large increase in the lightning rate in the range of 8–16%/K. On the other hand, in the tropics as modeled by radiative convective equilibrium, half of the proxies predict an increase (of 5–12%/K), while the other half predict a decrease (of 1–4%/K). The reasons for the different responses of these proxies is explored, but it remains unclear which proxy is best suited to predicting future lightning rates.
Multilayer Observations and Modeling of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves Over the Midwestern United States
Authors: Heale C. J. , Snively J. B. , Bhatt A. N. , Hoffmann L. , Stephan C. C. , Kendall E. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present multilayer observations and numerical simulations of gravity waves (GWs) generated by a series of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the midwestern United States. Strong semiconcentric GWs were observed and modeled, which couple from their tropospheric sources to the thermosphere, displaying strong nonlinearity indicated by instability, breaking, and formation of turbulent vortices. GWs in the stratosphere display a large range of horizontal scales from 34–400 km; however, the smaller wavelength waves break rapidly in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Larger‐scale (≥150 km) waves dominate in the thermosphere and display northwestward propagation at 200–300 km altitude, opposing the mean winds. Despite strong molecular viscosity and thermal conductivity in the thermosphere, steepened wave fronts, which may indicate nonlinearity, is identified in 630 nm airglow imagers. The agreement between model and data suggests new opportunities for data‐constrained simulations that span multilayer observables, including mesosphere and lower thermosphere‐region airglow not captured for this event.
On Mechanisms Controlling the Seasonal Hypoxia Hot Spots off the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Wu Hui , Hetland Robert D. , Zhu Zhuoyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarge areas of seasonal hypoxia have been detected off the Changjiang River Estuary over the last decade. Although seasonal bottom hypoxia was transient due to complex dynamical processes, it occurred with high frequency in certain regions. Summer hypoxia hot spots off the estuary were first identified using a comprehensive, high‐resolution ecosystem model and 17 years of observations collected from historical literature and research cruises. Comparisons between long‐term observations, a 4‐year averaged simulation, and a 1‐year simulation implied that the geographical locations of summer hypoxia hot spots were generally consistent. This ecosystem model suggested that the Changjiang River plume predominantly spread either over the Yangtze Bank or the Submarine Canyon and the Mud Belt depending on the direction of the wind; the temperature, salinity, and residence time of bottom water mass off the estuary depended highly on the properties of the Kuroshio subsurface intrusion. The dual effects of stratification and prolonged bottom water residence time created favorable condition for hypoxia to develop. The analysis in this study identified wind and the Kuroshio subsurface intrusion as the factors that facilitated the migration of seasonal hypoxia and the establishment of summer hypoxia hot spots off the estuary. In spite of the persistent hypoxia hot spots, the timing of individual hypoxia can be variable because of distinct dynamical processes over a wide range of time scales. Tidal advection was quantified as a secondary factor that influences the spatial extent and migration of bottom hypoxia.
Novel copper-containing membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) encoded by alkane-utilizing Betaproteobacteria
Authors: Rochman Fauziah F , Kwon Miye , Khadka Roshan , Tamas Ivica , Lopez-Jauregui Azriel Abraham , Sheremet Andriy , Smirnova Angela V , Malmstrom Rex R , Yoon Sukhwan , Woyke Tanja , Dunfield Peter F , Verbeke Tobin J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Copper-containing membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) are encoded by xmoCAB(D) gene clusters and catalyze the oxidation of methane, ammonia, or some short-chain alkanes and alkenes. In a metagenome constructed from an oilsands tailings pond we detected an xmoCABD gene cluster with &lt;59% derived protein sequence identity to genes from known bacteria. Stable isotope probing experiments combined with a specific xmoA qPCR assay demonstrated that the bacteria possessing these genes were incapable of methane assimilation, but did grow on ethane and propane. Single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from propane-enriched samples were screened with the specific PCR assay to identify bacteria possessing the target gene cluster. Multiple SAGs of Betaproteobacteria belonging to the genera Rhodoferax and Polaromonas possessed homologues of the metagenomic xmoCABD gene cluster. Unexpectedly, each of these two genera also possessed other xmoCABD paralogs, representing two additional lineages in phylogenetic analyses. Metabolic reconstructions from SAGs predicted that neither bacterium encoded enzymes with the potential to support catabolic methane or ammonia oxidation, but that both were capable of higher n-alkane degradation. The involvement of the encoded CuMMOs in alkane oxidation was further suggested by reverse transcription PCR analyses, which detected elevated transcription of the xmoA genes upon enrichment of water samples with propane as the sole energy source. Enrichments, isotope incorporation studies, genome reconstructions, and gene expression studies therefore all agreed that the unknown xmoCABD operons did not encode methane or ammonia monooxygenases, but rather n-alkane monooxygenases. This study broadens the known diversity of CuMMOs and identifies these enzymes in non-nitrifying Betaproteobacteria.
Quantification of HER1, HER2 and HER3 by time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer in FFPE triple-negative breast cancer samples
Authors: Ho-Pun-Cheung Alexandre , Bazin Hervé , Boissière-Michot Florence , Mollevi Caroline , Simony-Lafontaine Joëlle , Landas Emeline , Bleuse Jean-Pierre , Chardès Thierry , Prost Jean-François , Pèlegrin André , Jacot William , Mathis Gérard , Lopez-Crapez Evelyne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a worse prognosis compared with other breast cancer subtypes, and biomarkers to identify patients at high risk of recurrence are needed. Here, we investigated the expression of human epidermal receptor (HER) family members in TNBC and evaluated their potential as biomarkers of recurrence.MethodsWe developed Time Resolved-Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) assays to quantify HER1, HER2 and HER3 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissues. After assessing the performance and precision of our assays, we quantified HER protein expression in 51 TNBC specimens, and investigated the association of their expression with relapse-free survival.ResultsThe assays were quantitative, accurate, and robust. In TNBC specimens, HER1 levels ranged from ≈4000 to more than 2 million receptors per cell, whereas HER2 levels varied from ≈1000 to 60,000 receptors per cell. HER3 expression was very low (less than 5500 receptors per cell in all samples). Moderate HER2 expression was significantly associated with higher risk of recurrence (HR = 3.93;P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur TR-FRET assays accurately quantify HER1, HER2 and HER3 in FFPE breast tumour specimens. Moderate HER2 expression may represent a novel prognostic marker in patients with TNBC.
Competitive ubiquitination activates the tumor suppressor p53
Authors: Li Xingyao , Guo Mengqi , Cai Lun , Du Tingting , Liu Ying , Ding Han-Fei , Wang Hongbo , Zhang Junran , Chen Xiaoguang , Yan Chunhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlocking p53 ubiquitination through disrupting its interaction with MDM2 or inhibiting the MDM2 catalytic activity is the central mechanism by which the tumor suppressor p53 is activated in response to genotoxic challenges. Although MDM2 is first characterized as the major E3 ubiquitin ligase for p53, it can also catalyze the conjugation of ubiquitin moieties to other proteins (e.g., activating transcription factor 3, or ATF3). Here we report that ATF3 can act as an ubiquitin “trap” and competes with p53 for MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. While ATF3-mediated p53 stabilization required ATF3 binding to the MDM2 RING domain, we demonstrated that ATF3 ubiquitination catalyzed by MDM2 was indispensable for p53 activation in response to DNA damage. Moreover, a cancer-derived ATF3 mutant (R88G) devoid of ubiquitination failed to prevent p53 from MDM2-mediated degradation and thus was unable to activate the tumor suppressor. Therefore, we have identified a previously-unknown mechanism that can activate p53 in the genotoxic response.
Big Five Personality Traits are Associated with Tinnitus Improvement Over Time
Authors: Simões Jorge , Schlee Winfried , Schecklmann Martin , Langguth Berthold , Farahmand Daria , Neff Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that personality traits are related to tinnitus distress as measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). However, little is known about the role of personality on tinnitus distress over time. We collected the THI and the TQ of 388 patients who visited a tertiary tinnitus clinic between 2012 and 2017, and who filled in a survey with the same questionnaires plus the Big Five Index 2 in 2018. We used personality traits and facets to predict tinnitus distress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, age and gender were significant predictors of the THI and TQ scores in cross-sectional linear regression setups. Next, based on previous literature, we clustered patients in three groups based in the difference THI and TQ between the two assessments: “clinically improved”, “clinically stable” and “clinically worsened”. The patients in the “clinically improved” and “clinically stable” groups scored statistically significantly lower in neuroticism and higher in extraversion than patients in the group “clinically worsened”. Our results suggest that personality is associated with tinnitus distress over time and could be used to statistically distinguish patient groups with clinically relevant changes of tinnitus distress.
Variations in terrestrial arthropod DNA metabarcoding methods recovers robust beta diversity but variable richness and site indicators
Authors: Porter Teresita M. , Morris Dave M. , Basiliko Nathan , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Doucet Daniel , Bowman Susan , Emilson Erik J. S. , Emilson Caroline E. , Chartrand Derek , Wainio-Keizer Kerrie , Séguin Armand , Venier Lisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTerrestrial arthropod fauna have been suggested as a key indicator of ecological integrity in forest systems. Because phenotypic identification is expert-limited, a shift towards DNA metabarcoding could improve scalability and democratize the use of forest floor arthropods for biomonitoring applications. The objective of this study was to establish the level of field sampling and DNA extraction replication needed for arthropod biodiversity assessments from soil. Processing 15 individually collected soil samples recovered significantly higher median richness (488–614 sequence variants) than pooling the same number of samples (165–191 sequence variants) prior to DNA extraction, and we found no significant richness differences when using 1 or 3 pooled DNA extractions. Beta diversity was robust to changes in methodological regimes. Though our ability to identify taxa to species rank was limited, we were able to use arthropod COI metabarcodes from forest soil to assess richness, distinguish among sites, and recover site indicators based on unnamed exact sequence variants. Our results highlight the need to continue DNA barcoding local taxa during COI metabarcoding studies to help build reference databases. All together, these sampling considerations support the use of soil arthropod COI metabarcoding as a scalable method for biomonitoring.
Insight into the preparation of the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan earthquake from terrestrial gravimetry-derived crustal density changes
Authors: Xuan Songbai , Jin Shuanggen , Chen Yong , Wang Jiapei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeophysical processes of the pre-earthquake activities are difficult to be determined since less pre-seismic signal is observed directly. Crustal density changes derived from the periodical terrestrial gravimetry may provide meaningful deep information for the pre-earthquake cue. In this study, the crustal density changes following the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan earthquake are estimated using ground-based gravity-change data from 2011 to 2015 in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that negative density changes dominate the region between the South Longshou Mountain fault and the Daban Mountain fault except the southeast of this region (the seismic region) during 2011–2012. Positive density changes appeared in the middle crust near the epicenter during 2012–2013 and in the upper and middle crust east of the epicenter approximately 1.5 years before the earthquake (2013–2014), and then negative density changes appeared under and northeast of the epicenter approximately four months before the earthquake (2014–2015). The state of the crustal materials near the seismic region changed from convergence to expansion, in turn, indicating that the characteristics of the deep seismogenic process was corresponding to Amos Nur’s 1974 dilatancy-fluid diffusion model.