bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Studies on Hormonal Changes and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal and Premenopausal Igbo Women in Enugu Metropolis Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ikegwuonu Chinwe Ifeoma , Ikenna Uchendu Kingsley , Nwabueze Okonkwo Innocent , Betina Mba Chika , Chukwudi Maduka Ignatius , Chinedum Onyenekwe Charles 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:Few studies have focused on the epidemiology of perimenopausal syndrome, and its prevalence in African women is concerningly high. This study investigated selected biochemical parameters, hormonal changes, and possible metabolic syndrome (MetS) in perimenopausal and premenopausal women among Igbo women in Enugu, Southeast of Nigeria.Methods:This study was conducted between March 2018 and November 2018. A total of 200 apparently healthy women, comprising 120 perimenopausal women (mean age 50 years) and 80 premenopausal women (mean age 35 years), living in Enugu, were randomly recruited for this study. Anthropometric indices (blood pressure, waist circumference, weight, and height) of these women were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected and used for measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile using standard methods. MetS in the perimenopausal and premenopausal women was observed using three different criteria: the National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel 111 (NCEP-ATP 111), the World Health Organization (WHO), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Student’s t-test and Chi-square were used to compare continuous and categorical variables.Results:There were significantly (p<0.05) higher values of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), FPG, waist circumference, LH, FSH, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, but significantly (p<0.05) lower values of estradiol in perimenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. The incidence of MetS was higher in perimenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women in all the three criteria studied.Interpretation and Conclusion:Perimenopausal women have a higher risk for the development of metabolic syndrome-associated diseases than premenopausal women.
Improved Insulin Resistance through Cajanus cajan extract in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Wistar Rat
Authors: Saraswat Nikita , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita , Pal Rashmi Saxena 
Published: November 2019

Background:Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has a serious impact on maternal health as well as on the health of the infant. This is also very closely related to adverse outcomes in pregnancy. A mother suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has high incidences of showing significant risks to the fetus health, growth and development. As the incidences of GDM are increasing day by day, therefore, maternal health, age and obesity parameters are of major concern for reflecting GDM during their pregnancy conditions. It has been studied and investigated that IR (Insulin Resistance) is a common pathway in GDM and T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).Objective:To explore the effect of Cajanus cajan in treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Wistar rats.Methods:The study was conducted on 30 female rats which were caged along with male rats. We obtained 26 pregnant rats which were weighed. The pregnant rats in the control group, intervention group, and GDM group were equally randomized. When the pregnancy was verified, the Intervention and the GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) group were given 45 mg/kg streptozotocin by the peritoneal injection for inducing GDM while the control group was given an equal volume of the citrate buffer. When the model was established accurately then the intervention group was administered orally with the extracts of leaves of Cajanus cajan chloroform extract (270mg/kg), Methanol extract (270mg/kg) and Ethyl acetate extract (270mg/kg). Whereas the other groups were administered with water and diet. The blood samples were collected and the fetal rats along with placental weight were recorded on the 19th day of the pregnancy. The serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and lipid levels were recorded in pregnant rats before the delivery.Results:The rats were weighed before and after delivery, fetal weight was recorded, placental weight of the GDM group was found to be lower than the control group as well as the intervention groups. Treating with (Chloroform extract, Methanol extract, Ethyl acetate extract (270mg/kg) different extracts of Cajanus cajan leaf in the intervention groups the lipid levels of the intervention group significantly increased in case of the Methanolic extract whereas the other extracts were also effective. The levels of antioxidant enzymes of the GDM group in pancreas and liver tissue were lower in intervention groups as compared to control and GDM group whereas the antioxidant enzyme levels in the liver and pancreas were equivalent to the control group.:The results showed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the Cajanus cajan leaves might have bioactive and hypoglycemic nature. Further research is required for the complete evaluation of the active compound in various animal models to justify the nature of the compound.Conclusion:Cajanus cajan leaf extract suppresses oxidative stress and insulin resistance, therefore, improves the blood glucose levels in GDM rats.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Euphorbia wallichii Extract and Assessment of their Bio-functionalities
Authors: Phull Abdul-Rehman , Ali Attarad , Ali Akhtar , Abbasi Sanaullah , Zia Muhammad , Khaskheli Muhammad H. , Haq Ihsan ul , Kamal Mohammad A. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Silver nanoparticles synthesized by the bio-green method have been applied
to various biomedical applications. These procedures are simple, eco-friendly and serve as an
alternative to complex chemical methods for the preparation of nanomaterials.

Objective:
: In the present study, phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, to examine their antioxidant
potential, toxic effects towards bacterial-, fungal-strains, brine shrimp nauplii and cancer cells was
focused.

Methods:
Methanolic extract of Euphorbia wallichii roots was used for the synthesis of silver
nanoparticles. The synthesis was monitored and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometric analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD).

Results:
The synthesized particles were average 63±8 nm in size. Involvement of phenolic
(46.7±2.4 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (11.7±1.2 µg QE/mg) compounds as capping agents was
also measured. Nanoparticles showed antioxidant properties in terms of free radical scavenging
potential (59.63±1.0 %), reducing power (44.52±1.34 µg AAE/mg) and total antioxidant capacity
(60.48±2.2 µg AAE/mg). The nanoparticles showed potent cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp
nauplii (LD50 66.83 µg/ml), proliferation and cell death of HeLa cells as determined by MTT
(LD50 0.3923 µg/ml) and TUNEL assays, respectively. Antimicrobial results revealed that silver
nanoparticles were found to be more potent against pathogenic fungal (maximum active against A.
fumigatus, MIC 15 µg/disc) and bacterial strains (maximum active against S. aureus, MIC 3.33
μg/disc) than the E. wallichii extract alone.

Conclusion:
These results support the advantages of using an eco-friendly and cost-effective
method for synthesis of nanoparticles with antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential.
Probiotic Frozen Yoghurt Supplemented with Coconut Flour Green Nanoparticles
Authors: Salama Heba H. , Abdelhamid Samy M. , Abd-Rabou Nabil S. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Frozen yoghurt is a suitable vehicle to deliver bioactive compounds and beneficial
microorganisms, and to develop new functional dairy products.

Methods:
Bifidobacterium bifidum was used in the manufacture of frozen yoghurt, whereas skim milk
powder was substituted by Nanoparticles Coconut Flour (NCF) and Coconut Flour (CF). The physicochemical,
microbiological and sensory properties were assessed for frozen yoghurt from different treatments.

Results:
The prepared NCF by ball-milling had sizes that range between 81.96nm to 83.53nm. The addition
of NCF affected variably the pH values, moisture content, the overrun, fiber content, freezing
points and viscosity of the prepared frozen yoghurt depending on the ratio of substituted skim milk.

:
Also, the addition of NCF improved the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve,
Streptococci, and Lactobacilli and total bacterial count of frozen yoghurt during frozen storage. The
addition of NCF improved the sensory properties of frozen yoghurt.

Conclusion:
The use of Nanoparticles Coconut Flour (NCF) and Bifidobacterium sp., in the preparation
of frozen yoghurt improved its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties.
Development and Characterization of Oral Nanosuspension Using Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate
Authors: Goel Surya , Agarwal Vijay , Sachdeva Monika 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Nanosuspension has arisen as a lucrative, remunerative, as well as a
potent approach to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug entities.
Several challenges are still present in this technology which need more research.

Objective:
The prime aim of this research work is to develop, optimize and characterize the oral
nanosuspension using esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate as a drug candidate.

Methods:
The drug nanosuspensions were prepared using both approaches; Top-down and
Bottom-up as the combinational approach. Poloxamer 188 was used as a stabilizer in this study.
All the important formulation variables, like concentration of stabilizers that may influence characteristics
of the nanosuspensions, were optimized. Formulation screening was performed using the
optimization process, and the optimized nanosuspension was evaluated for its particle size, polydispersity
index, zeta potential, shape, in vitro drug release and stability.

Results:
For optimization of drug nanosuspension, the effect of Poloxamer 188 concentration and
esomeprazole concentration was investigated and the optimal values were 0.3% w/v and 4 mg/ml,
respectively. The particle size of nanosuspensions was in the range of 185 to 1048 nm with
varying the zeta potential values from -11.2 to -27.5 mV. The in vitro dissolution rate of
esomeprazole was increased up to 3-folds, approximately (92% in 90 min) as compared with crude
esomeprazole drug (31% in 90 min) due to the decrease in particle size.

Conclusion:
The result indicated that the combination of top-down and bottom-up approach used
for preparing the oral nanosuspension is a suitable approach for poorly aqueous soluble drug moieties
like esomeprazole magnesium.
A Web-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intervention for Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reiter Paul L , Gower Amy L , Kiss Dale E , Malone Molly A , Katz Mira L , Bauermeister Jose A , Shoben Abigail B , Paskett Electra D , McRee Annie-Laurie 
Published: November 2019

Background
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men experience several disparities related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including high incidence rates of anal cancer. Although the HPV vaccine is currently recommended for young adults, HPV vaccine coverage is modest among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM).

Objective
We describe the design and methods for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to rigorously evaluate Outsmart HPV, a population-targeted, individually tailored, Web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. The RCT is designed to determine the efficacy of the intervention, the mechanism by which the intervention has an effect (ie, mediation), and whether efficacy varies by participant characteristics (ie, moderation).

Methods
Outsmart HPV was previously developed and pilot-tested. This study is a 3-arm prospective RCT that will enroll a projected 1995 YGBMSM who are aged 18 to 25 years, live in the United States, and have not received any doses of the HPV vaccine. Participants will be recruited by means of paid advertisements on social media sites and randomized to receive (1) standard information on the Web about HPV vaccine (control group), (2) Outsmart HPV content on the Web with monthly unidirectional vaccination reminders sent via text messages, or (3) Outsmart HPV content on the Web with monthly interactive vaccination reminders sent via text messages. Participants will complete Web-based surveys at 4 time points during the study: baseline, immediately after engaging with Web-based content, 3 months after randomization, and 9 months after randomization. Primary outcomes will include both HPV vaccine initiation (ie, receipt of 1 or more doses of the HPV vaccine) and completion (receipt of all 3 doses recommended for this age range). We will examine constructs from the intervention’s theoretical framework as potential mediators and demographic and health-related characteristics as potential moderators of intervention effects.

Results
The institutional review board at The Ohio State University has approved the study. Materials have been developed and finalized for all study groups. Recruitment for the RCT began in fall 2019.

Conclusions
If shown to be efficacious, Outsmart HPV has the potential to fill an important gap by promoting HPV vaccination among a population at increased risk of HPV infection and HPV-related disease.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04032106; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04032106

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/16294
Las deficiencias de política de la Teoría Monetaria Moderna
Authors: Sosa Jesús 
Published: November 2019

<p>Reseña al libro de Epstein, Gerald. <em>What’s Wrong with Modern Money Theory? A Policy Critique</em>. Palgrave Pivot; 1st ed. 2019 edition (August 10, 2019).</p><div><br clear="all" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Aeropalinología de la ciudad de Yerba Buena, provincia de Tucumán (Argentina). Aeropalinology of Yerba Buena city, province of Tucumán (Argentina)
Authors: García María Elena 
Published: November 2019

Español. Durante los años 1999 - 2002 se llevó a cabo la primera caracterización aerobiológica de la ciudad de Yerba Buena. El muestreo atmosférico se realizó con un captador gravimétrico de tipo Durham. El análisis de las muestras permitió la identificación de 46 tipos polínicos. Los granos de polen más relevantes en el muestreo son de especies cultivadas como Cupressaceae, Morus sp., Broussonetia sp., Fraxinus sp., Liquidambar sp., Salix sp. y Pinus sp. Desde julio a octubre se obtuvo el mayor registro de polen atmosférico con el 70,84 % anual, con una predominancia de granos de polen de especies arbóreas, el 25,05 % de noviembre a abril con un aporte principalmente de granos de polen de especies herbáceas y el 3,57 % de mayo a junio sin contribuciones dominantes de algún tipo polínico. Se elaboró un calendario polínico basado en los 17 tipos de polen de mayor registro atmosférico y se lo comparó con calendarios polínicos obtenidos en ciudades del país. La floración en las Sierra del San Javier en Tucumán, es marcadamente estacional con una acumulación de más de 70% de las especies que florecen en el período primaveral. El muestreo continuado a lo largo de 3 años ha permitido observar que las variaciones polínicas estacionales de la atmósfera de la ciudad de Yerba Buena se hallan en relación con los factores fenológicos y meteorológicos propios de cada año. English. The first aerobiologic characterization of Yerba Buena city in Tucumán (Argentina) was carried out for the period 1999-2002 using a Durham gravimetric spore trap. The analysis of samples allowed the identification of 46 pollen types. The most outstanding pollen grains in these samples came from cultivated species such as Cupressaceae, Morus sp., Broussonetia sp., Fraxinus sp., Liquidambar sp., Salix sp.and Pinus sp. From July to October the largest atmospheric pollen records were obtained with 70,84% in arboreal species predominantly. From November to April, an important contribution of 25,05% in herbaceous species mainly, and with a 3,57% from May to June without observing predominant contribution of any pollen type. A pollen calendar based on the most frequent 17 pollen types, containing the largest atmospheric records, was elaborated. We compared the pollen calendar obtained with those of other cities in the country. Flowering in the Sierra San Javier at Tucumán is markedly seasonal with an accumulation of over 70% of the species that bloom in the spring period. Continuous sampling during 3 years has revealed that the seasonal pollen variation in the atmosphere of the city of Yerba Buena, is in connection with the phenological and meteorological factors characteristic of every year.
El viaje botánico de Pierre Edmond Boissier por el sur de España (1837). The botanical trip of Pierre Edmond Boissier by the South of Spain
Authors: González Bueno Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Español. Coincidiendo con el 200 aniversario del nacimiento de Pierre-Edmond Boissier (1810-1885), presentamos un análisis de su primer viaje por el Sur de España, realizado en 1837: estudiamos los motivos que le impulsaron a llevarlo a cabo, la información que tuvo disponible, el viaje en sí y la publicación de sus resultados en la más señera de sus obras, el Voyage botanique dans le midi de l’Espagne… (París, 1839-1845).English. In the 200th anniversary of the birth of Pierre-Edmond Boissier (1810-1885) we analized his first trip to the south of Spain, made in 1837, the reasons that prompted him to carry out, the information available, the trip itself and the publication of their results in the most outstanding of his works, the Voyage botanique dans le midi de l’Espagne ... (Paris, 1839-1845).
Indagación sistemática sobre los factores de permanencia y graduación estudiantiles en la universidad Surcolombiana
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Amaya García Karol Stefanía , Córdoba Muñoz Laura 
Published: November 2019

El Grupo de lnvestigación PACA de la Universidad Surcolombiana ha liderado el proyecto "lndagación sistemática sobre los factores de permanencia y graduación estudiantiles en la Uni­versidad Surcolambiana" el cual hace parte del Convenio 619 de octubre de 2012 celebrado con el Ministerio de Educación Nacional.
En ese sentido, desde octubre del año 2012 el Grupo de Investigación PACA encabezado poir el docente investigador Nelson Ernesto López Jiménez y las Magíster Karol Stefanía Amaya García y Laura Cordoba Muñoz han desarrollado las actividades que se definieron en el mar­co de la convocatoria y que responden a cada uno de los componentes que han permitido abordar la problemática de la permanencia y del abandono estudiantil en la Universidad Surcolombiana.
Cultura visual: una alternativa didáctica para la educación artística
Authors: Castellanos Joya Norma Piedad 
Published: November 2019

la imagen y en especial la imagen visual, domina nuestro mundo de hoy. Se nos impone querámosla o no - para bien o para mal. El desbordamiento de la imagen relacionada con el vertiginoso mundo de los objetos se ha convertido en elemento de investigación, pues el conocimiento de las imágenes, de su origen y de sus leyes es una de las claves de nuestro tiempo las cuales genera problemas de caracter descriptivo e interpretativo, ya que la polivalencia de significados y sentidos presentes en ella no acepta simplemente un único sentido, sino, se podría decir la totalidad de sentidos.
Desde esta perspectiva, las instituciones escolares no se encuentran preparadas para asumir el reto de la imagen al interior de las aulas, nisiquiera desde la Educación artística. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que las estudiantes consumen a diario una diversi­dad de imágenes, sin embargo, carecen habilidades para verlas y observarlas, asi coma para leerlas, escribirlas, pero sobre manera, de la capacidad de hablar de las imágenes y sobre las imágenes que constituyen el mundo.
En este sentido, en palabras de Efland. Freedman y Stuahr la función de la enseñanza de la Educación Artística "es preparar a los estudiantes a comprender los mundos sociales y culturales en los que ellos habitan. Esos mundos son representaciones creadas con las cualidades estética de los medios". Por lo tanto, comprender no significa develar verdades ocultas en los mensajes que imponen las imágenes, ni transformar, debería ser entendido como provocar un cambio social como consecuencia del develamiento de tales verdades. Para tal fin, se hace evidente la necesidad de una metodología que permita obtener estas habilidades lectoras, escritoras y parlantes para ser dueños de esas imágenes, controlarlas o beneficiarnos de ellas, ya sea por el gozo o para el uso. Por tanto se requiere de la construcción de una didáctica de la visualidad que cimienta un nuevo tipo de pensamiento, en donde la imágen recobra un significado con relación al pensamiento verbal, lógico-discursivo dentro de los procesos de orientación pedagógica en los diferentes niveles escolares, desde los grados básicos hasta la universidad. El estudiante a través de la imágen construye el conocimiento explorando el mundo, el entorno y actua sobre él sin esperar que todo se le de. A partir de estos planteamientos la investigación realiza una propuesta básica a partir de la imágen como instrumento pedagógico de la cultura visual que contribuya a mejorar los procesos de descripción, análisis e interpretación en niños, niñas y jóvenes de las institucio­nes educativas ubicadas en la zona rural del departamento del Huila.
Necesidad de una política de investigación para la universidad surcolombiana
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto 
Published: November 2019

Las diferentes emergencias y retos que actualmente se presentan como con­secuencia de la globalización y la internacionalización de los complejos sec­tores y ámbitos de la economía, la política, la ciencia, la cultura, la tecnología, la academia, generan desafíos bastante claros a las organizaciones sociales (la Universidad es una de ellas), que obliga la transformación y cambio de muchas de sus orientaciones y de los desarrollos en ellas implícitos.
La Universidad Surcolombiana como institución de educación pública de carácter nacional, a través de su Proyecto Educativo Universitario (Acuerdo 020 del C. S. U. de mayo de 2003) y su Plan de Desarrollo 2009-2012 por la "Acreditación Académica y social de la Universidad Surcolombiana", asume la investigación como uno de sus procesos estructurantes o ejes misionales, ra­zón por la cual, la presente elaboración pretende analizar, caracterizar, orga­nizar y regular de manera sistemática las diferentes concepciones, diseños, procedimientos, actividades, agentes, funciones, condiciones y productos concretos que configuran el "ethos"de la Universidad Surcolombiana en ma­teria de investigación.