bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth replacement in Manidens condorensis: baseline study to address the replacement pattern in dentitions of early ornithischians
Authors: Becerra Marcos G. , Pol Diego , Whitlock John A. , Porro Laura B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDental replacement in Heterodontosauridae has been debated over the last five decades primarily on indirect evidence, such as the development of wear facets and the position of erupted teeth. Direct observation of unerupted teeth provides unambiguous data for understanding tooth replacement but this has been done only for Heterodontosaurus and Fruitadens. This study addresses dental replacement in Manidens condorensis based on the positioning of functional and replacement teeth using microcomputed tomography data, differential wear along the dentition and the differences in labiolingual/apicobasal level of functional teeth. Dental replacement in Manidens condorensis was continuous in an anterior‐to‐posterior wave pattern, with asynchronous tooth eruption and the addition of new teeth posteriorly to the toothrow during ontogeny. Manidens shows the first evidence of dental replacement for the large dentary caniniform in Heterodontosauridae, which possibly had replacement timing distinct from the cheek dentition. Newly erupted teeth imbricate in a mesial cavity–distal crown base relationship during eruption, so that imbrication of the midposterior dentition remains unaltered during tooth replacement. The presence/absence of a small caniniform tooth in the D3 position of several specimens suggests possible intraspecific dimorphism in Manidens. On longitudinal sections of isolated crowns the histological features such as Howship's lacunae and odontoclast spaces are similar in size to extant reptiles. The differential wear decreasing posteriorly and hypothetical Z‐spacing below 2.3 in Manidens are similar to basal ornithischians. Tooth replacement in Heterodontosauridae (and other early ornithischians) provides key information for understanding the dynamics of jaw function and craniomandibular specialization to herbivory.
Organic semiconducting nanomaterials‐assisted phototheranostics in near‐infrared‐II biological window
Authors: Yin Chao , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhototheranostics conducted in the near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) biological window exhibits high superiorities relative to that conducted in the first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) window due to higher penetration depth, higher signal‐to‐noise ratio of imaging, and improved maximum permissible exposure. Currently, most existing agents developed for NIR‐II phototheranostics are limited to inorganic nanoparticles and small‐molecule dyes, which suffer from the issues of long‐term biotoxicity and poor photostability, respectively. Organic semiconducting nanomaterials (OSNs) constructed from π‐conjugated organic semiconducting polymers or oligomers have unique advantages including high photostability, flexible optical features, and good biocompatibility due to the totally organic and biologically inert constituents. These advantages make OSNs more promising for in vivo phototheranostics. We here make a brief review about recent progress of OSNs‐assisted phototheranostics conducted in the NIR‐II biological window. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging are mainly reviewed as diagnostic modalities to guide various treatments. Besides, multimodal phototheranostics using OSNs in NIR‐II window is also described. At last, the challenges and outlook for OSNs‐assisted NIR‐II phototheranostics are discussed.
A note on higher-order vertices of higher-spin fields in flat and (A)dS space
Authors: Joung Euihun , Taronna Massimo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work we classify (homogeneous) solutions to the Noether procedure in (A)dS for an arbitrary number of external legs and in general dimensions, analysing also the corresponding deformations of gauge symmetries. This builds upon the corresponding flat space classification [1], which we review and give its relation with the (A)dS result presented here. The role of dimensional dependent identities is studied in detail, which we find do not lead to new solutions for couplings involving more than three fields. For spins one and two our formalism recovers the Yang-Mills and Gravity examples.
Intramolecular Mobility in Nitroxide Biradicals with Flexible Linkers
Authors: Grampp Günter , Tran Van Anh , Pantyukhov Petr V. , Kokorin Alexander I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntramolecular electron spin exchange has been studied by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in two long-chain flexible nitroxide biradicals existing in fluid solutions in three spectroscopy-different spatial conformations as a function of temperature, solvent viscosity and polarity. Certain thermodynamic parameters of the conformational transitions were calculated from the EPR spectra. The process of spin-exchange in these biradicals dissolved in five different alcohols was compared with that in the non-polar solvents (toluene) and aprotic (acetonitrile), as well as with two other biradicals studied earlier, and with thermodynamic characteristics of the solvents. A distinct correlation was found between macroscopic (solvent viscosity) characteristics of solvents and thermodynamic parameters of the intramolecular conformational transitions.
Performance and user-friendliness of the rapid antigen detection tests QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick for pharyngotonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in primary health care
Authors: Sølvik Una Ørvim , Boija Elisabet Eriksson , Ekvall Sara , Jabbour Afamia , Breivik Anne Christin , Nordin Gunnar , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) for detection of group A hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) vary. The purpose is to present the first SKUP (Scandinavian evaluation of laboratory equipment for point of care testing) evaluations concerning the assessment of the diagnostic performance and user-friendliness of two RADTs for detection of GAS when used under real-life conditions in primary health care. Throat samples were collected in duplicates at primary health care centers (PHCCs) from patients with symptoms of pharyngitis. The performance of QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test (307 samples) and DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick (348 samples) was evaluated using culture results at a clinical microbiology laboratory as comparison. The user-friendliness was evaluated using a questionnaire. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92% (90% confidence interval (CI) 87–96%) and 72% (90% CI 65–79%), while the diagnostic specificity was 86% (90% CI 81–90%) and 98% (90% CI 96–99%) for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick, respectively. Both RADTs obtained acceptable assessments for user-friendliness and fulfilled SKUP’s quality goal for user-friendliness. The diagnostic sensitivity for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and the diagnostic specificity for DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick in this objective and supplier-independent evaluation were higher compared with previous meta-analyses of RADTs. However, the diagnostic specificity for QuickVue Dipstick Strep A test and the diagnostic sensitivity for DIAQUICK Strep A Blue Dipstick were lower compared with previous meta-analyses of RADTs.
Stylostome formation by parasitic larvae of Allothrombium fuliginosum (Trombidiformes: Trombidiidae): morphology of feeding tubes and factors affecting their size
Authors: Felska Magdalena , Mąkol Joanna , Shatrov Andrey B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe morphology and formation of stylostomes (feeding tubes) in hosts’ body during the parasitic phase ofAllothrombium fuliginosum(Hermann) larvae were studied for the first time with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The stylostomes were observed in three aphids species—Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris),Elatobium abietinum(Walker), andMacrosiphum rosae(L.)—parasitized by mites under laboratory conditions. They consisted of 2–6 main branches, preliminarily unbranched, then producing secondary and sometimes also tertiary branches as finally formed structures. Their walls were uniformly electron-dense, without any longitudinal and transverse stratifications and showed rather irregular outlines. Distally, the stylostome branches revealed transparent pores and cavities in their walls, connecting the stylostome canal with surrounding haemocoelic space. The total length of stylostomes at the end of the parasitic phase was on average 16× greater than that recorded in the youngest stylostomes. No differences in the overall shape of feeding tubes between host species were stated. The stylostomes formed in different host species did not differ significantly, except their total length, which attained the highest value in tissues ofAc. pisum.
Typical Ground States for Large Sets of Interactions
Authors: van Enter Aernout , Miȩkisz Jacek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe discuss what ground states for generic interactions look like. We note that a recent result, due to Morris, implies that the behaviour of ground-state measures for generic interactions is similar to that of generic measures. In particular, it follows from his observation that they have singular spectrum and that they are weak mixing, but not mixing.
‘Bodies (that) matter’: the role of habit formation for identity
Authors: Wehrle Maren 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper will interpret Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and materialization as a theory of identity, and so put it into dialogue with a phenomenological account of habit formation. The goal is to argue that identity is developed already at a bodily level and that this takes place via the processes of habit formation. The constitution of subjectivity, in other words, requires at the most basic level some kind of bodily performativity. What follows intends to draw out the concept of ‘the body’ in Butler’s work, the role of which is surprisingly meagre given her clear favour of language signification in the elaboration of her theory of performativity. Alternatively, this paper will provide a phenomenology of habit formation that re-introduces the body not as thematic materiality, but as lived materiality. The body will therefore be conceived as something which is already skilful and creative, sensitive and vulnerable, and ultimately, as Butler anticipates, responsive to the intertwinement of individual and social aspects of identity formation. In this regard, I will argue for a performative theory of (bodily) habitual identity.
Mediating Students’ Fixation with Grades in an Inquiry-Based Undergraduate Biology Course
Authors: DeFeo Dayna Jean , Tran Trang C. , Gerken Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper analyzes focus group data to explore student perceptions of an inquiry-based undergraduate biology course. Though the course was designed to mimic the scientific process by incorporating uncertainty, peer review, and self-reflection, students came to class focused on getting As and with a developed schema for didactic instruction and passive learning. They perceived the autonomy and self-directedness of the learning experience as a threat to their grades, and responded with strategies that protected their grades and ego, but were deleterious to learning. Students could identify merits of the inquiry-based approach; however, they made clear: they prioritized grades, and were unwilling to trust an unfamiliar pedagogy if they perceived it jeopardized their grades. In the framework of self-regulated learning, the discussion considers how to scaffold students to foreground learning over achievement.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Solar Wind Preconditioning and the 23 July 2012 Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Desai Ravindra T. , Zhang Han , Davies Emma E. , Stawarz Julia E. , Mico-Gomez Joan , Iváñez-Ballesteros Pilar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPredicting the large-scale eruptions from the solar corona and their propagation through interplanetary space remains an outstanding challenge in solar- and helio-physics research. In this article, we describe three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner heliosphere leading up to and including the extreme interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) of 23 July 2012, developed using the code PLUTO. The simulations are driven using the output of coronal models for Carrington rotations 2125 and 2126 and, given the uncertainties in the initial conditions, are able to reproduce an event of comparable magnitude to the 23 July ICME, with similar velocity and density profiles at 1 au. The launch time of this event is then varied with regards to an initial 19 July ICME and the effects of solar wind preconditioning are found to be significant for an event of this magnitude and to decrease over a time-window consistent with the ballistic refilling of the depleted heliospheric sector. These results indicate that the 23 July ICME was mostly unaffected by events prior, but would have traveled even faster had it erupted closer in time to the 19 July event where it would have experienced even lower drag forces. We discuss this systematic study of solar wind preconditioning in the context of space weather forecasting.
Bewusstes und unbewusstes Denken von Experten und Novizen: Eine empirische Studie zur Qualität von Personalauswahlentscheidungen und Implikationen für die Beratung
Authors: Kohlmann S. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie „Theorie des unbewussten Denkens“ (UTT) postuliert, dass Menschen in komplexen Situationen bessere Entscheidungen treffen, wenn sie unbewusst-intuitiv und nicht bewusst nachdenken. Inwieweit sich diese, fast ausschließlich im Bereich der Konsumgüterentscheidungen geprüfte Annahme, auch auf die Entscheidungsarbeit von Recruitern, Beratern oder Coaches übertragen lässt und welche Rolle hierbei ihrer Expertise zukommt, ist bisher weitgehend ungeklärt. In diesem Beitrag werden die UTT sowie die Relevanz der Expertise für intuitive Entscheidungen theoretisch hergeleitet und mit Hilfe eines Experiments in der Personalauswahl empirisch fundiert. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse sowie die Implikationen für die Beratung weisen darauf hin, dass unbewusstes Denken den Entscheidungsprozess eines Recruiters bzw. Beraters begünstigen kann, sofern dieser über eine hinreichend validierte Expertise verfügt.
A first investigation into gender minority adolescents’ sexting experiences
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Walrave Michel , De Marez Lieven , Vanhaelewyn Bart , Ponnet Koen 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionGender minority adolescents, such as transgender, gender nonconforming, gender diverse and non‐binary youth, may face unique challenges with regard to online sexual communication. They may be especially vulnerable for sexting‐related risks. The aim of this study is to explore the sexting experiences of gender minority youth among a school‐based sample.MethodsThis brief exploratory study reports on a survey that was conducted among 1293 respondents with an average age of 14.79 years old (SD = 1.97) in the Dutch‐speaking area of Belgium, and compares engagement in sexting experiences between cisgender and gender minority youth.ResultsThe results of our exploratory study show that gender minority adolescents were more likely to have ever been pressured to send a sexting image. There were no significant differences with regard to receiving sexts, or receiving forwarded sexts. None of the gender minority youth reported that they had forwarded a sexting image from someone else, as opposed to 9.3% of cisgender youth who had forwarded a sext.ConclusionsDespite the explorative nature of our study, the results suggest that gender minority youth may be at an increased risk to experience sexting‐related pressure. Additional research is needed to investigate the sexting experiences of gender minority adolescents. Gender minority youth may benefit from education about safer sexting, and specifically ways to cope with sexting‐related pressure.
A context in which finite or unique ergodicity is generic
Authors: YINGST ANDY Q. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe show that for good measures, the set of homeomorphisms of Cantor space which preserve that measure and which have no invariant clopen sets contains a residual set of homeomorphisms which are uniquely ergodic. Additionally, we show that for refinable Bernoulli trial measures, the same set of homeomorphisms contains a residual set of homeomorphisms which admit only finitely many ergodic measures.
Epistemic Oppression and Ableism in Bioethics
Authors: Wieseler Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisabled people face obstacles to participation in epistemic communities that would be beneficial for making sense of our experiences and are susceptible to epistemic oppression. Knowledge and skills grounded in disabled people's experiences are treated as unintelligible within an ableist hermeneutic, specifically, the dominant conception of disability as lack. My discussion will focus on a few types of epistemic oppression—willful hermeneutical ignorance, epistemic exploitation, and epistemic imperialism—as they manifest in some bioethicists’ claims about and interactions with disabled people. One of the problems with the epistemic phenomena with which I am concerned is that they direct our skepticism regarding claims and justifications in the wrong direction. When we ought to be asking dominantly situated epistemic agents to justify their knowledge claims, our attention is instead directed toward skepticism regarding the accounts of marginally situated agents who are actually in a better position to know. I conclude by discussing disabled knowers’ responses to epistemic oppression, including articulating the epistemic harm they have undergone as well as ways of creating resistant ways of knowing.
“Mau Mau are Angels … Sent by Haile Selassie”: A Kenyan War in Jamaica
Authors: Osborne Myles 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article traces the impact of Kenya's Mau Mau uprising in Jamaica during the 1950s. Jamaican responses to Mau Mau varied dramatically by class: for members of the middle and upper classes, Mau Mau represented the worst of potential visions for a route to black liberation. But for marginalized Jamaicans in poorer areas, and especially Rastafari, Mau Mau was inspirational and represented an alternative method for procuring genuine freedom and independence. For these people, Mau Mau epitomized a different strand of pan-Africanism that had most in common with the ideas of Marcus Garvey. It was most closely aligned with, and was the forerunner of, Walter Rodney, Stokely Carmichael, and Black Power in the Caribbean. Theirs was a more radical, violent, and black-focused vision that ran alongside and sometimes over more traditional views. Placing Mau Mau in the Jamaican context reveals these additional levels of intellectual thought that are invisible without its presence. It also forces us to rethink the ways we periodize pan-Africanism and consider how pan-African linkages operated in the absence of direct contact between different regions.
The Unmaking of a Pedophilic Priest: Transnational Clerical Sexual Abuse in Guatemala
Authors: O'Neill Kevin Lewis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThroughout the second half of the twentieth century, Latin America became something of a dumping ground for U.S. priests suspected of sexual abuse, with north-to-south clerical transfers sending predatory priests to countries where pedophilia did not exist in any kind of ontological sense. This article, in response, engages the case of Father David Roney of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. After a career of accusations and payouts, with Roney entering and exiting Church-mandated therapy programs, Bishop Raymond Lucker retired this notoriously predatory priest to rural Guatemala in 1994. By placing Roney beyond the reach of psychiatrists, psychologists, and spiritual directors, the Roman Catholic Church leveraged a psychological and juridical difference between two geographical settings in order to render the pedophilia of this priest effectively non-existent, thereby insulating itself from further reputational damage and additional litigation. Given that the Roman Catholic Church has long been an empirical point of reference for studies of subject formation—from pastoralism and mysticism to ritual and the confession—this article adds that the Church also provides ample evidence of an opposite process: of unmaking people.
From Bondage to Citizenship: A Comparison of African American and Indian Lower-Caste Mobilization in Two Regions of Deep Inequality
Authors: Subramanian Narendra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper explores mobilization to reduce the deepest inequalities in the two largest democracies, those along caste lines in India and racial lines in the United States. I compare how the groups at the bottom of these ethnic hierarchies—India's former untouchable castes (Dalits) and African Americans—mobilized from the 1940s to the 1970s in pursuit of full citizenship: the franchise, representation, civil rights, and social rights. Experiences in two regions of historically high inequality (the Kaveri and Mississippi Deltas) are compared in their national contexts. Similarities in demographic patterns, group boundaries, socioeconomic relations, regimes, and enfranchisement timing facilitate comparison. Important differences in nationalist and civic discourse, official and popular social classification, and stratification patterns influenced the two groups’ mobilizations, enfranchisement, representation, alliances, and relationships with political parties. The nation was imagined to clearly include Dalits earlier in India than to encompass African Americans in the United States. Race was the primary and bipolar official and popular identity axis in the United States, unlike caste in India. African Americans responded by emphasizing racial discourses while Dalit mobilizations foregrounded more porously bordered community visions. These different circumstances enabled more widespread African American mobilization, but offered Dalits more favorable interethnic alliances, party incorporation, and policy accommodation, particularly in historically highly unequal regions. Therefore, group representation and policy benefits increased sooner and more in India than in the United States, especially in regions of historically high group inequality such as the Kaveri and other major river Deltas relative to the Deep South, including Mississippi.