bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Unusual Cases of Coronal Lunate Fracture
Authors: Hofmeister Eric P. , Faruqui Safi 
Published: April 2020

Volar lunate fractures are rare injuries, usually seen as a result of high-energy trauma and often in association of other carpal injuries. We present 2 unusual cases of coronal volar lunate fractures. The first case involved a proximal pole scaphoid fracture in association with a volar lunate fracture. During surgical exposure, the lunate fracture was found to be rotated 180° volarly. This displaced lunate fracture, although appearing small on radiographs, consisted of the entire volar half of the capitate facet of the distal lunate. Both the scaphoid and lunate fractures were anatomically reduced with fixation across the fractures.
The second case was the result of a high-energy injury and included a transscaphoid, transtriquetral, translunate facture dislocation with a comminuted radial styloid fracture and a small ulnar styloid fracture. Operative reduction and internal fixation was performed of the scaphoid and lunate. The triquetral and comminuted radial styloid fractures were stabilized with K-wires. In both cases, following splinting and rehabilitation, an excellent functional outcome was obtained.
Early recognition and operative treatment of these unusual lunate fractures in association with treatment of the concomitant injuries using an extended volar approach with open reduction internal fixation can lead to an excellent anatomic and functional outcome in these types of cases.
Epidural Granuloma Arising From Epidural Catheter Placement
Authors: Mercaitis Orion P. , Dropkin Benjamin M. , Kaufman Erin L. , Carl Allen L. 
Published: April 2020

Indwelling epidural catheter placement for prolonged drug delivery or is commonplace. Epidural catheter placement leading to a subsequent epidural mass is infrequently symptomatic and thus not often sought after or uncovered. Such masses can mimic lesions causing tumor, infection, and inflammation, and when found, the etiology of granuloma formation is unclear.
This article describes a case of a benign epidural granuloma masquerading as an epidural tumor thought to be caused by epidural catheter placement for postoperative total hip replacement pain control. After symptoms of mechanical and radiculopathic pain arose, the patient underwent an open biopsy, spinal decompression, and intradural exploration as an MRI evaluation identified a mass in the spinal canal. Pathologic examination identified a benign fibrous granuloma. At 36-month follow-up, there was no evidence of symptom or tumor recurrence.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma Involving the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Slotcavage Rachel L. , Dickson Brendan C. , Ogilvie Christian M. 
Published: April 2020

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign bony tumor classically occurring in the metaphyseal region of the long bones surrounding the knee, but also found with relative frequency in other long bones, the pelvis, ribs, and small foot bones. The small bones of the hand, however, are rarely involved. The tumor is considered a physeal plate remnant and may involve the epiphysis, diaphysis, or both along with its metaphyseal origin. It may cause cortical expansion and destruction, but consistently respects the periosteal boundary.
We report a case of histopathologically confirmed chondromyxoid fibroma involving a metacarpal, proximal phalanx, and synovial tissues of the metacarpophalangeal joint. A 29-year-old woman presented with pain, weakness, and a mass of the right ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint that had persisted since prior surgery to remove an extraosseous chondroma. Prominent soft tissue swelling and limited range of motion were noted, corresponding to magnetic resonance imaging findings of lytic changes in the right ring finger metacarpal and proximal phalanx, surrounded by an irregularly enhancing mass with soft tissue extension. Open biopsy revealed calcified cartilaginous synovial deposits suspicious for synovial chondromatosis, with erosion into surrounding bones. Histologic examination revealed an unusual chondromyxoid fibroma with joint involvement. The patient is >15 months out from synovectomy, intralesional curettage, and placement of demineralized bone matrix and allograft cancellous chips, and is without signs of recurrence. This benign, curable lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of a bony lesion, even when a joint and adjacent bones are involved.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Compares Favorably to Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Same Patient
Authors: Dalury David F. , Fisher David A. , Adams Mary Jo , Gonzales Ricardo A. 
Published: April 2020

There are several surgical management options for medial knee arthritis, and it is often difficult to decide whether a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is appropriate. Few studies have compared UKAs and TKAs in the same patient. We identified 23 patients with osteoarthritis who had a TKA on one side and a UKA on the other. The preoperative values of the 2 knees were not statistically different. Strict criteria were used to determine whether a UKA could be performed (functional anterior cruciate ligament, minimal deformity, and minimum changes in other compartments). Preoperative radiographs were reviewed to confirm that the knee undergoing TKA had medial compartment disease only. Knee Society scores, radiographic analysis, and patient preferences were recorded for all patients. Average follow-up was 46 months (range, 7.2–148 months) and 42 months (range, 11.5–59.8 months) for TKA and UKA, respectively.
We found little or no difference in outcomes between the 2 procedures, except for an improved range of motion with the UKA compared with the TKA (123°±9° vs 119.8°±7°, respectively). Knee Society scores improved from 45.9 to 89.7 in UKA and from 42.4 to 90.3 in TKA. Of the 23 patients, 11 expressed no preference between either knee and 12 preferred the unicompartmental knee; no patient preferred the total knee. With appropriate patient selection, UKAs are a successful option for patients with osteoarthritis.
Clinical Reaction-Time Performance Factors in Healthy Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Caccese Jaclyn B. , Eckner James T. , Franco-MacKendrick Lea , Hazzard Joseph B. , Ni Meng , Broglio Steven P. , McAllister Thomas W. , McCrea Michael , Buckley Thomas A. 
Published: April 2020

ContextIn the absence of baseline testing, normative data may be used to interpret postconcussion scores on the clinical reaction-time test (RTclin). However, to provide normative data, we must understand the performance factors associated with baseline testing.ObjectiveTo explore performance factors associated with baseline RTclin from among candidate variables representing demographics, medical and concussion history, self-reported symptoms, sleep, and sport-related features.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinical setting (eg, athletic training room).Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 2584 National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes (n = 1206 females [47%], 1377 males [53%], and 1 unreported (&lt;0.1%); mass = 76.7 ± 18.7 kg; height = 176.7 ± 11.3 cm; age = 19.0 ± 1.3 years) from 3 institutions participated in this study as part of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium.Main Outcome Measure(s)Potential performance factors were sex; race; ethnicity; dominant hand; sport type; number of prior concussions; presence of anxiety, learning disability, attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, or migraine headache; self-reported sleep the night before the test; mass; height; age; total number of symptoms; and total symptom burden at baseline. The primary study outcome measure was mean baseline RTclin.ResultsThe overall RTclin was 202.0 ± 25.0 milliseconds. Female sex (parameter estimate [B] = 8.6 milliseconds, P &lt; .001, Cohen d = 0.54 relative to male sex), black or African American race (B = 5.3 milliseconds, P = .001, Cohen d = 0.08 relative to white race), and limited-contact (B = 4.2 milliseconds, P &lt; .001, Cohen d = 0.30 relative to contact) or noncontact (B = 5.9 milliseconds, P &lt; .001, Cohen d = 0.38 relative to contact) sport participation were associated with slower RTclin. Being taller was associated with a faster RTclin, although this association was weak (B = −0.7 milliseconds, P &lt; .001). No other predictors were significant. When adjustments are made for sex and sport type, the following normative data may be considered (mean ± standard deviation): female, noncontact (211.5 ± 25.8 milliseconds), limited contact (212.1 ± 24.3 milliseconds), contact (203.7 ± 21.5 milliseconds); male, noncontact (199.4 ± 26.7 milliseconds), limited contact (196.3 ± 23.9 milliseconds), contact (195.0 ± 23.8 milliseconds).ConclusionsPotentially clinically relevant differences existed in RTclin for sex and sport type. These results provide normative data adjusting for these performance factors.
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Penetration During Phonophoresis at 2 Ultrasound Frequencies
Authors: Rigby Justin H. , Hagan Austin M. , Kelcher Austin R. , Ji Chang 
Published: April 2020

ContextThe effect of ultrasound frequency on phonophoresis drug delivery in humans is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine if a low (45-kHz) or high (1-MHz) frequency delivered a higher dexamethasone (Dex) concentration through the skin.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 40 healthy men between the ages of 18 and 45 years (age = 23.1 ± 2.6 years, height = 176.1 ± 7.2 cm, mass = 88.5 ± 19.4 kg, posterior calf subcutaneous thickness measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging = 0.6 ± 0.2 cm).Intervention(s)Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (ultrasound frequency at microdialysis probe depth): (1) 45-kHz frequency at 1 mm, (2) 45-kHz frequency at 4 mm, (3) 1-MHz frequency at 1 mm, or (4) 1-MHz frequency at 4 mm (n = 10 in each group). Three linear microdialysis probes were inserted at the desired tissue depth. We rubbed dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex-P) into the skin and then applied a 15-minute phonophoresis treatment.Main Outcome Measure(s)Dialysate was collected during the treatment and 60 minutes posttreatment and analyzed for Dex-P, Dex, and the metabolite form of Dex. The sum of the 3 analytes was calculated as total dexamethasone (Dex-total), and differences between the 45-kHz and 1-MHz treatment groups were determined by a repeated-measures analysis of variance.ResultsAt 1 mm, 3 (30%) participants in the 45-kHz and 4 (40%) participants in the 1-MHz group had measurable levels of Dex-P. Total dexamethasone increased after the treatment ceased, independent of ultrasound frequency (P &lt; .001), with a trend of the 45-kHz treatment to produce a greater increase in drug concentration (P = .006). At 4 mm, 5 (50%) participants in the 45-kHz and 1 (10%) participant in the 1-MHz group had measurable levels of Dex-P. We observed no difference in Dex-total concentration between treatment groups at 4 mm (P = .72).ConclusionsPhonophoresis provided a mechanism for Dex-total delivery at the 1- and 4-mm tissue depths. However, the effectiveness of the ultrasound frequencies varied between the 2 measured tissue depths.
Are USMLE Scores Valid Measures for Chief Resident Selection?
Authors: Cohen Elaine R. , Goldstein Joshua L. , Schroedl Clara J. , Parlapiano Nancy , McGaghie William C. , Wayne Diane B. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 scores are often used to inform a variety of secondary medical career decisions, such as residency selection, despite the lack of validity evidence supporting their use in these contexts.

Objective
We compared USMLE scores between non–chief residents (non-CRs) and chief residents (CRs), selected based on performance during training, at a US academic medical center that sponsors a variety of graduate medical education programs.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of residents' USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores from 2015 to 2020. The authors used archived data to compare USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores between non-CR residents in each of the eligible programs and their CRs during the 6-year study period.

Results
Thirteen programs enrolled a total of 1334 non-CRs and 211 CRs over the study period. There were no significant differences overall between non-CRs and CRs average USMLE Step 1 (239.81 ± 14.35 versus 240.86 ± 14.31; P = .32) or Step 2 scores (251.06 ± 13.80 versus 252.51 ± 14.21; P = .16).

Conclusions
There was no link between USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores and CR selection across multiple clinical specialties over a 6-year period. Reliance on USMLE Step 1 and 2 scores to predict success in residency as measured by CR selection is not recommended.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire–Home Scale (PSEQ–H)
Authors: Bevans Katherine B. , Piller Aimee , Pfeiffer Beth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: The impact of sensory processing challenges on occupational participation is underrepresented by existing measurement tools even though these outcomes are highly prioritized by families. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire–Home Scale (PSEQ–H) is a parent-report assessment designed to evaluate the impact of the sensory environment on young children’s participation in home-based activities.
Objective: To describe the psychometric evaluation of the PSEQ–H, including the tool’s structural validity; item difficulty, discrimination, and bias; reliability; and construct validity.
Design: Psychometric field study.
Setting: Community.
Participants: Three hundred four parents of children ages 2–7 yr (167 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder).
Method: Parent-report PSEQ–H data were factor analyzed, calibrated using Item Response Theory, and evaluated for construct validity.
Results: The final PSEQ–H is a reliable and valid 15-item parent-report measure of the sensory environment’s impact on children’s dressing, self-care, sleep, and social and play activities.
Conclusions and Relevance: The PSEQ–H can be used to plan and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing the impact of the sensory environment on children’s participation in home-based tasks and activities.
What This Article Adds: The PSEQ–H measures how young children’s sensory environments influence their participation at home. The measure can be used to plan and evaluate occupational therapy interventions that aim to reduce sensory processing–related barriers to children’s completion of developmentally salient activities.
Preliminary results of land subsidence monitoring in the Ca Mau Province
Authors: Karlsrud Kjell , Tunbridge Lloyd , Quoc Khanh Nguyen , Quoc Dinh Nguyen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A previous study of the Ca Mau province in Vietnam (Karlsrud et al., 2017a) suggested that ongoing groundwater pumping, which by 2012 had caused a drawdown of the water level in aquifers of up to 20 m, caused subsidence of the order 2–4 cm yr−1, and could have reached over 40 cm already. Earlier InSAR studies also suggested ongoing subsidence rates of that order. If the groundwater pumping continues, the total subsidence could reach well over 1 m within the next few decades. The predicted climate driven sea level rise, to be of the order of 60 cm by 2100, will further add to the severe effect of the subsidence. As most of the Ca Mau province lies only 0.5 to 1.5 m a.s.l. (above sea level), the consequences would rapidly become very serious for the livelihood of people in the region. Increased saltwater intrusion into canals and tributaries in the province, and beginning salination of some of the aquifers from which groundwater is pumped, is already observed. In 2017, for the first time, a physical system for subsidence monitoring was installed at three selected locations in the Ca Mau province. At each
location a deep benchmark to a depth of 100 m was installed, each with 3 piezometers at depths ranging from 15 to 60 m. An InSAR corner reflector was also installed at each site. The paper presents data collected from these new monitoring stations up
until the middle 2019. When including estimated subsidence stemming from the soil levels deeper than 100 m, the total present rate of subsidence at the three new monitoring stations range from 17 to 44 mm yr−1. New and previous data show an almost linear decrease in water level within the aquifers from which groundwater is pumped. The data show some seasonal variations in subsidence rates, which is also reflected in variations in pore pressures in the sediments. Such variations are probably related to seasonal variations in levels of groundwater pumping. It is feared that many of the other provinces south of Ho Chi Minh city, face similar subsidence problems. The monitoring program should be extended to verify that. Measures to reduce groundwater and subsidence are urgently needed.
Monitoring shallow subsidence in cultivated peatlands
Authors: van Asselen Sanneke , Erkens Gilles , de Graaf Francis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Accurate monitoring of shallow subsidence in cultivated
peatlands is a great challenge. Peat compaction by loading and peat
oxidation by groundwater level lowering are two important processes
contributing to shallow subsidence in cultivated peatlands, causing an
overall increase in soil wetness over time and hence a lower soil-bearing
capacity and agricultural production. Peat oxidation also causes emission of
CO2 and other greenhouse gasses. Rigorous monitoring techniques are
urgently needed to spatially and temporally map the amount and rate of
subsidence and to monitor effects of measures to reduce subsidence and its
negative impacts on livestock farming and agriculture. Monitoring shallow
subsidence in peatlands is particularly challenging, because subsidence is a
slow and spatially complex process, with average rates in the order of mm yr−1 but with higher rates possibly occurring on shorter timescales.
The desired monitoring system must be able to capture this temporal and
spatial variability, and preferably the contribution of different processes
to total subsidence. The system needs to be applicable (technically- and
financially-speaking) at regional scales, without severely impacting daily
farming activities. To help design and test a subsidence monitoring system
for cultivated peatland areas, four methods to measure subsidence are
applied and assessed in a cultivated peatland in Overijssel (NL), namely
spirit levelling, extensometery, LiDAR, and InSAR. In this paper, we focus on
the levelling and extensometery methods and measurements. Subsidence was
measured since October 2018 at eight livestock farms once every three months
by levelling. In the same period, extensometers have measured vertical
movement of (sub)surface levels hourly at two livestock farms. In addition,
phreatic groundwater levels are continuously monitored. Preliminary results
show vertical movements (up and down) in the order of centimeters on the
timescale of weeks. These movements seem to be related to groundwater level
fluctuations, but also evapotranspiration is expected to contribute to
additional subsidence during the summer period. Because long term net
subsidence is a slow process, additional data collection is needed to assess
the different methods and the temporal and spatial fluctuations in
subsidence on longer timescales. This is vital information to design the
optimal method for monitoring subsidence in cultivated peatlands on large
spatial scales, and to help in selecting effective measures to reduce
subsidence and greenhouse gas emission in peatlands.
Identification of the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity with the satellite interferometry
Authors: Hejmanowski Ryszard , Witkowski Wojciech T. , Guzy Artur , Malinowska Agnieszka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The assessment of the impact of mining-induced seismicity on the natural environment and infrastructure is often limited to the analysis of terrain surface vibrations. However, similar seismic phenomena, like earthquakes, may also imply dislocations and deformations of the rock mass. Such ground movements may occur in areas which are not directly under the influence of the mining. The study of the displacement field caused by mining-induced seismicity is usually carried out with the use of geodetic methods. Classical geodetic measurements provide discrete information about observed ground movements. As a result, they generally do not provide spatially and temporally relevant estimates of the total range and values of ground movements for specific periods of interest. Moreover, mining-induced seismicity causes a severe threat to buildings. That is why, regarding the
complexity of the mechanism of occurrence of mining-induced seismicity and
their impact on ground movements, this problem remains a substantial research issue. The presented research aimed to analyse the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity. The ground displacements were established based on data from Sentinel-1 satellites applying differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR). The results of the investigation in the copper mining area of the Lower Silesia region of Poland revealed that the observed subsidence caused by mining-induced
seismicity usually has a shape of a regular ellipse. The radius of these ground movements does not exceed approximately 2–3 km from the
mining-induced tremor's epicenter, and the total subsidence reaches ca. 10–20 cm. More than 50 % of the total subsidence is observed on the
surface within a few days after the mining tremor occurrence. Furthermore,
the deformations of the surface occur when the energy of mining-induced tremor reaches values of the order of 105 J or higher. The presented
research can contribute to better identification and evaluation of the
mechanism of the rock mass deformation process caused by mining-induced
seismicity. In addition, the use of satellite radar interferometry improves
the quality of monitoring of these dynamic phenomena significantly. The data
retrieved using this method allow for quasi-continuous monitoring of the
local subsidence bowls caused by mining-induced seismicity.