bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully automated and robust analysis technique for popliteal artery vessel wall evaluation (FRAPPE) using neural network models from standardized knee MRI
Authors: Chen Li , Canton Gador , Liu Wenjin , Hippe Daniel S. , Balu Niranjan , Watase Hiroko , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Waterton John C. , Hwang Jenq‐Neng , Yuan Chun 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo develop a fully automated vessel wall (VW) analysis workflow (fully automated and robust analysis technique for popliteal artery evaluation, FRAPPE) on the popliteal artery in standardized knee MR images.MethodsPopliteal artery locations were detected from each MR slice by a deep neural network model and connected into a 3D artery centerline. Vessel wall regions around the centerline were then segmented using another neural network model for segmentation in polar coordinate system. Contours from vessel wall segmentations were used for vascular feature calculation, such as mean wall thickness and wall area. A transfer learning and active learning framework was applied in training the localization and segmentation neural network models to maintain accuracy while reducing manual annotations. This new popliteal artery analysis technique (FRAPPE) was validated against manual segmentation qualitatively and quantitatively in a series of 225 cases from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset.ResultsFRAPPE demonstrated high accuracy and robustness in locating popliteal arteries, segmenting artery walls, and quantifying arterial features. Qualitative evaluations showed 1.2% of slices had noticeable major errors, including segmenting the wrong target and irregular vessel wall contours. The mean Dice similarity coefficient with manual segmentation was 0.79, which is comparable to inter‐rater variations. Repeatability evaluations show most of the vascular features have good to excellent repeatability from repeated scans of same subjects, with intra‐class coefficient ranging from 0.80 to 0.98.ConclusionThis technique can be used in large population‐based studies, such as OAI, to efficiently assess the burden of atherosclerosis from routine MR knee scans.
Gadolinium retention in rat abdominal organs after administration of gadoxetic acid disodium compared to gadodiamide and gadobutrol
Authors: Oh Hyewon , Chung Yong Eun , You Je Sung , Joo Chan Gyu , Kim Pan Ki , Lim Joon Seok , Kim Myeong‐Jin 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo compare gadolinium retention in the abdominal organs after administration of gadoxetic acid disodium, a liver‐specific contrast agent, compared to gadodiamide and gadobutrol.MethodsThree types of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) were administered to rats. A single (gadodiamide and gadobutrol, 0.1 mmol/kg; gadoxetic acid disodium, 0.025 mmol/kg) or double label‐recommended dose was intravenously administered once (Group 1), a single dose was administered 4 times (Group 2) and a single dose with or without a chelating agent (intraperitoneal injection immediately after each GBCA administration) was administered (Group 3). Rats were sacrificed after 1, 4, and 12 weeks and gadolinium concentrations in the liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, and bone were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMore gadolinium was retained with a double dose compared to a single dose, but there was no observed significant difference in gadolinium retention after a double dose compared to a single dose (P > .05). Gadodiamide was retained the most in all tissues followed by gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid disodium. Residual gadolinium was significantly less at 4 weeks compared to 1 week (P < .05), but no further decrease was observed after 4 weeks (P > .05). The presence of the chelating agent did not significantly decrease the concentration of residual gadolinium (P > .05).ConclusionGadolinium was retained the least in abdominal organs after gadoxetic acid disodium was administered and most of the residual gadolinium was excreted 4 weeks after GBCA administration when a label‐recommended dose was administered. A commercially available chelation therapy agent could not reduce gadolinium retention.
Impact of age, sex, and global function on normal aortic hemodynamics
Authors: Scott Michael B. , Huh Hyungkyu , van Ooij Pim , Chen Vincent , Herrera Brenda , Elbaz Mohammed , McCarthy Patrick , Malaisrie S. Chris , Carr James , Fedak Paul W. M. , Markl Michael , Barker Alex J. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo examine the effects of age, sex, and left ventricular global function on velocity, helicity, and 3D wall shear stress (3D‐WSS) in the aorta of N = 100 healthy controls.MethodsFifty female and 50 male volunteers with no history of cardiovascular disease, with 10 volunteers per age group (18‐30, 31‐40, 41‐50, 51‐60, and 61‐80 years) underwent aortic 4D‐flow MRI. Quantification of systolic aortic peak velocity, helicity, and 3D‐WSS distribution and the calculation of age group–averaged peak systolic velocity and 3D‐WSS maps (“atlases”) were computed. Age‐related and sex‐related changes in peak velocity, helicity, and 3D‐WSS were computed and correlated with standard metrics of left ventricular function derived from short‐axis cine MRI.ResultsNo significant differences were found in peak systolic velocity or 3D‐WSS based on sex except for the 18‐ to 30‐year‐old group (males 8% higher velocity volume and 3D‐WSS surface area). Between successively older groups, systolic velocity decreased (13%, <1%, 7%, and 55% of the aorta volume) and 3D‐WSS decreased (21%, 2%, 30%, and 62% of the aorta surface area). Mean velocity, mean 3D‐3D‐WSS, and median helicity increased with cardiac output (r = 0.27‐0.43, all P < .01), and mean velocity and 3D‐WSS decreased with increasing diameter (r > 0.35, P < .001). Arch and descending aorta systolic mean velocity, mean 3D‐WSS, and median helicity increased with normalized left ventricular volumes: end diastolic volume (r = 0.31‐0.37, P < .01), end systolic volume (r = 0.27‐0.35, P < .01), and stroke volume (r = 0.28‐0.35, P < .01).ConclusionHealthy aortic hemodynamics are dependent on subject age, and correlate with vessel diameter and cardiac function.
Constitutive modelling of fine‐grained gassy soil: A composite approach
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Hong Yi , Wang Lizhong 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFine‐grained marine sediments containing large undissolved gas bubbles are widely distributed around the world. Presence of the bubbles could degrade the undrained shear strength (su) of the soil, when the gas pressure ug is relatively high as compared with the effective stress in the saturated soil matrix. Meanwhile, the addition of bubbles may also increase su when the difference between ug and pore water pressure uw becomes smaller than the water entry value, causing partial water drainage from the saturated matrix into the bubbles (bubble flooding) during globally undrained shearing. A new constitutive model for describing the two competing effects on the stress‐strain relationship of fine‐grained gassy soil is proposed within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The gassy soil is considered as a three‐phase composite material with compressible cavities, which allows water entry from the saturated matrix. Bubble flooding is modelled by introducing an additional positive volumetric strain increment of the saturated clay matrix, which is dependent on the difference between pore gas and pore water pressure based on experimental observations. A modified hardening law based on that of the modified Cam clay model is employed, which in conjunction with the expression for bubble flooding, can describe both the detrimental and beneficial effects of gas bubbles on soil strength and plastic hardening in shear. Only two extra parameters in addition to those in the modified Cam clay model are used. It is shown that the key features of the stress‐strain relationship of three fine‐grained gassy soils can be reproduced satisfactorily.
Relationship between desire to void and bladder capacity and rectal sensory function in patients with multiple sclerosis and anorectal disorders
Authors: Pouyau Camille , Grasland Matthieu , Leroux Camille , Chesnel Camille , Turmel Nicolas , Sheikh Ismael Samer , Le Breton Frederique , Amarenco Gérard , Hentzen Claire 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between a strong desire to void (SDV) and rectal sensory function in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and anorectal disorders. The secondary aim was to identify clinical, urodynamic or manometric factors associated with greater rectal sensory function impairment in this population.MethodsThirty PwMS (mean age 49.2 ± 10.9 years) with anorectal disorders (constipation and/or fecal incontinence) participated in this observational study. Rectal sensory parameters during anorectal manometry were recorded at a strong desire to void and after urination (PV, post‐void). The primary outcome was the desire to defecate volume. Secondary outcomes were first perception and maximum tolerated threshold volumes, presence and modulation of recto‐anal inhibitory reflex.ResultsThe mean desire to defecate volume was 125 ± 59 mL at SDV and 104 ± 64 mL at PV (P < .001). The mean maximum tolerated volume was 167 ± 61 mL at SDV vs 141 ± 64 mL after urination (P = .01). The other parameters were not different between SVD and PV conditions. No predictive factors for greater impairment of rectal sensory function were identified.ConclusionThis study suggests a relationship between bladder sensation and thus bladder capacity, and rectal sensory function in PwMS and with anorectal disorders.
Promoting and maintaining urinary continence: Follow‐up from a cluster‐randomized trial of elderly village women in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Rezaul , Kabir Fardous , Naher Kamrun , Cherry Nicola , MacDonald Dianna , Wagg Adrian , Chowdhury Zafrullah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsPelvic floor and mobility exercises were shown to be effective in managing incontinence in a cluster‐randomized trial (CRT) of village women aged 60 to 75 years in Bangladesh. The present analysis examines continence 12 months after the CRT and exercise program implementation with village paramedics as preceptors.MethodsWomen from nine villages in the exercise arm of the CRT were followed‐up 12 months after the 6‐month intervention. They provided information about exercise since the CRT and a 3‐day continence record (3DCR). Posttrial, a further 6‐month exercise intervention led by village paramedics was initiated in 20 villages. Women completed the two‐item Sandvik severity questionnaire before and after the intervention. Paramedics kept a record of each woman's attendance at the 48 exercise sessionsResultsA total of 130 of 150 women from the CRT completed the 12‐month follow‐up; 61.5% were dry on the 3DCR at follow‐up. Total continence was related to the continuation of exercises carried out in the home and absence of urinary tract infection at follow‐up. Those exercising at follow‐up had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86‐6.58) of being continent at follow‐up. Higher end‐of‐CRT body mass index was associated with greater follow‐up leakage. In the 20‐village roll‐out, with 316 incontinent women, improvement in both severity and total continence on the Sandvik questionnaire were related to a total number of sessions attended (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.13). At roll‐out, 38.6% achieved continence, comparable to 43.0% in the CRT using physiotherapy preceptorsConclusionsGroup exercise classes led by paramedics resulted in a marked improvement in continence but maintenance requires exercise postintervention.
Serum level of soluble interleukin 6 receptor is a useful biomarker for identification of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder
Authors: Yamasaki Katsuhiko , Hasegawa Tomonori , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimA substantial proportion of major depressive disorder patients are treatment‐resistant to antidepressant therapy, who require augmentation drugs, or other treatments including electroconvulsive therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation. Identifying treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder patients before the actual administration of antidepressant is, however, often difficult. Accordingly, the serum biomarker to identify treatment‐resistant patients will be helpful in clinical settings. This study aims to clarify the appropriate biomarkers for identification of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder.MethodGiven that immune‐inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, it is possible that certain cytokine‐related molecules could serve as clinically useful biomarkers of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder patients. In this study, we measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin 6, and soluble interleukin 6 receptor after major depressive disorder patients underwent antidepressant therapy.ResultsThe serum level of soluble interleukin 6 receptor, but not interleukin 6 or tumor necrosis factor‐α, was significantly higher in treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder patients than in remitted patients, suggesting that serum soluble interleukin 6 receptor could be a good biomarker of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that serum soluble interleukin‐6 receptor level measurement was useful for identification of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder patients. Multiple regression analysis using the serum levels of the aforementioned cytokines as explanatory variables and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology‐Self Report score (QIDS‐SR16) as a target variable showed that only serum soluble interleukin‐6 receptor level could explain the severity of major depressive disorder.ConclusionBased on these results, we recommend measurement of serum soluble interleukin‐6 receptor level to discriminate treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder patients. High serum soluble interleukin‐6 receptor level is associated with the pathogenesis of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder, suggesting the involvement of the interleukin 6 trans‐signaling system in onset of treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder.
Preconcentration of digoxin using a synthetic imprinted polymer deposited upon the surface of double‐layered hydroxides on porous anodised aluminium wire a triple solid‐phase microextraction fibre
Authors: Piryaei Marzieh , Nazemiyeh Hossein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionA new solid‐phase microextraction fibre is fabricated through polymerisation of molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of a layered double hydroxide framework that has been fabricated via the in situ synthesis on a non‐porous anodic aluminium oxide/aluminium wire as both the substrate and the aluminium source.ObjectiveThe synthesized SPME fiber was performed to analyze trace digoxin in real samples.Material and methodA one‐at‐a‐time optimization strategy was applied for optimizing the important extraction parameters such as extraction solvent, extraction time, stirring rate, pH, ionic strength, and desorption time.ResultAluminum surface before and after anodizing and LDH structure reveal that anodizing and preparation LDH increases the surface area and adsorption capacity of aluminum wire.ConclusionUnder optimum conditions, the repeatability for one fibre (n = 3), expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %), was 5.2%.
Dual renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone blockade: Implementation of published research and Dear Doctor letters in ambulatory care: A retrospective observational study using prescription data
Authors: Angelow Aniela , Ploner Tina , Grimmsmann Thomas , Walker Jochen , Chenot Jean‐François 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to assess the implementation of published research, contraindications, and warnings on the prescription of dual renin‐angiotensin‐hormone system (RAS) blockade in ambulatory care in Germany.MethodsCohort study based on health claims data of 6.7 million subjects from 2008 to 2015. Yearly prevalence and incidence for dual RAS blockade with (a) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ACEI + ARB) and (b) aliskiren and ACEI or ARB (aliskiren + ACEI/ARB) were calculated. We assessed prescriber specialty and associations between discontinuing dual RAS blockade with specialist (internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology) visits and hospital discharge in the previous year.ResultsA total of 2 984 517 patients were included (age 51.4 ± SD 18.4 y, 48.5% male). Prescription rates for ACEI + ARB decreased from 0.6% (n = 17 907) to 0.4% (n = 12 237) and for aliskiren + ACEI/ARB from 0.23% (n = 6634) to 0.03% (n = 818). Incident prescriptions decreased from 0.23% (n = 6705) to 0.19% (n = 5055) (ACE + ARB) and from 0.1% (n = 2796) to 0.005% (n = 142) (aliskiren + ACE/ARB); 59% of ACEI + ARB and 48% of aliskiren + ACE/ARB combinations were prescribed only by one physician. Of those, 73% (ACEI + ARB) and 58% (aliskiren + ACE/ARB) were primary care providers (PCPs). Discontinuing dual RAS blockade was associated with specialist care and hospital discharge in the previous year (specialist care: RR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6; hospital visit: RR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6).ConclusionsOur results suggest a delayed uptake of treatment recommendation for ACEI + ARB and a higher impact of Dear Doctor letters addressing PCPs directly compared with published research, contraindications, and warnings. Targeted continuous medical education, practice software alerts, and stronger involvement of pharmacists might improve the implementation of medication safety recommendations in ambulatory care.
Real‐world evidence to support regulatory decision‐making for medicines: Considerations for external control arms
Authors: Burcu Mehmet , Dreyer Nancy A. , Franklin Jessica M. , Blum Michael D. , Critchlow Cathy W. , Perfetto Eleanor M. , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold standard in producing clinical evidence of efficacy and safety of medical interventions. More recently, a new paradigm is emerging—specifically within the context of preauthorization regulatory decision‐making—for some novel uses of real‐world evidence (RWE) from a variety of real‐world data (RWD) sources to answer certain clinical questions. Traditionally reserved for rare diseases and other special circumstances, external controls (eg, historical controls) are recognized as a possible type of control arm for single‐arm trials. However, creating and analyzing an external control arm using RWD can be challenging since design and analytics may not fully control for all systematic differences (biases). Nonetheless, certain biases can be attenuated using appropriate design and analytical approaches. The main objective of this paper is to improve the scientific rigor in the generation of external control arms using RWD. Here we (a) discuss the rationale and regulatory circumstances appropriate for external control arms, (b) define different types of external control arms, and (c) describe study design elements and approaches to mitigate certain biases in external control arms. This manuscript received endorsement from the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE).
Nonisothermal analysis of a couple stress fluid in blade coating process
Authors: Mughees Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Shahzad Hasan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a nonisothermal analysis for the process of blade coating of an incompressible couple stress fluid is presented using both plane and exponential coaters. The governing system is simplified using lubrication approximation theory (LAT). The interesting quantities from engineering point of view like normalized pressure, maximum pressure, pressure gradient, velocity, and effects of involved parameters on temperature distribution, which influence the coating process are evaluated. It is observed that pressure is at maximum near the edge of the blade whereas fluid velocity and temperature are at maximum near the substrate. An increasing couple stress parameter increases the load and decreases the coating thickness. It is worth mentioning that load and pressure are the most significant outcomes of the present exertion as these two physical quantities ensure thickness and the quality of coating.
A comparison of ray tracing and view factor simulations of locally resolved rear irradiance with the experimental values
Authors: Berrian Djaber , Libal Joris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the prerequisites for a reliable energy yield prediction of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) systems is the capability of modeling the backside irradiance of those systems with high accuracy. Currently, the most important optical models used to quantify the reflected irradiance on the backside of a bifacial solar panel are view factor and ray tracing. The MoBiDiG simulation tool has been developed at ISC Konstanz uses the view factor (VF) concept to model the rear irradiance. In addition to the VF concept, ray tracing (RT) has been adopted to determine the backside irradiance of bifacial modules by using the open‐source tool bifacial_radiance that has been developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). A customized monocrystalline silicon solar panel has been built in order to evaluate the accuracy of the existing optical models by locally resolved rear irradiance measurement. The performance of rear irradiance has been investigated along the rows of the customized PV module during sunny and cloudy days with typical back irradiance values of
50 and
. The comparison of measured and modeled data has been carried out on hourly, daily, and monthly basis, and the results show lower deviations for solar cells located in the center of the PV module than on the edge. Moreover, the concept of decisive solar cells has been introduced and applied to both measured and modeled data, solar cells located in the center rows were found to act as the most decisive solar cells. Finally, considering the installation configuration studied here, ie, bifacial mounting with low clearance height (below 0.2 m), both hourly RT and VF approaches are able to model long‐term cumulative irradiance received by decisive solar cells with a very high accuracy ranging from
0.5% to
2%.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the vascular‐disrupting agent CKD‐516 (NOV120401) in patients with refractory solid tumors
Authors: Kim Hark Kyun , Kang Jeong Won , Park Young‐Whan , Kim Jung Young , Kim Minchae , Kim Soo Jin , Kim Se‐mi , Ho Ryu Keun , Yoon Seonghae , Kim Yun , Cho Joo‐Youn , Lee Keun Seok , Yun Tak , Kim Kiwon , Kwak Mi Hyang , Kim Tae‐Sung , Chung Jinsoo , Park Joong‐Won 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a phase I pharmacological study of an oral formulation of CKD‐516, a vascular‐disrupting agent, in patients with refractory solid tumors. Twenty‐seven patients (16 in the dose‐escalation cohort and 11 in the expansion cohort) received a single daily dose (5‐25 mg) of CKD‐516 five days per week. Nausea (67%) and diarrhea (63%) were the most common treatment‐related adverse events. The recommended phase II dose of oral CKD‐516 was 20 mg/d (15 mg/d with a body surface area (BSA) <1.65 m2). Notably, S‐516 half‐lives in patients receiving 15‐20 mg CKD‐516/d significantly differed between patients with and without splenomegaly that is suggestive of portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis (6.1 vs 4.6 hours, respectively). Of 11 patients without splenomegaly who completed at least one cycle of a daily CKD‐516 dose of either 15 or 20 mg, only one patient (9.1%) suffered from any dose‐limiting toxicity. We conclude that a daily oral dose of 15 or 20 mg CKD‐516 five days per week could be tolerable in patients without liver cirrhosis.