bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportional studies of liquefied samples- Sewage, Hygienic and treated sewage water – case study of Gwagwalada, Abuja.
Authors: Igibah E.C. , Agashua L. O. , Sadiq A. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study is on comparative study of three liquefied (sewage, hygienic and treated sewage water) Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. Actuated sludge system was utilized as an example of the biological treatment technique, whereas wastewater from the estate septic cistern, actuated sludge treatment plant treated water from the ejection was acquired and physicochemical features of the mixing liquefied samples was carried out in the laboratory so as to ascertain the amount of Ammonia (NH3), calcium oxygen demand (COD), Sulphate (SO4), Biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Chlorine (Cl), Total dissolved solid (TDS), temperature(T°C), Salinity and PH of the sewage, hygienic and the treated sewage water. Domestic wastewater treatment plant of five hundred cubic meters per day per capacity (500m3/day/cap) has efficient treatment proficiency and every parameter treated is within FME standard. This study will display the significance, viability of recovery and reprocess of organic waste in region with no comprehensive application besides, decreasing environmental impact, reused sewage effluent for drinking, cooking and agricultural purposes.
Sustainability in Production and Selection of Reinforcement particles in Aluminium Alloy Metal Matrix Composites: A Review
Authors: Henry Ononiwu Ndudim , Akinlabi Esther T. , Ozoegwu Chigbogu G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews relevant literature in the area of incorporating sustainable materials into the material selection process of metal matrix composites (MMCs) production. Agricultural and industrial waste materials used as reinforcements in MMCs have been reviewed to highlight the need for establishing a lean production process. The reviewed investigations have recorded improvements in both the microstructure, density and mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, tensile, and impact strength of the resulting MMC. The reviewed literature highlights stir casting as the most used method of producing aluminium and magnesium-based matrix composites due to its relatively low cost, simplicity, and efficiency. Based on the results of various studies, it is highly recommended that the use of these sustainable materials as reinforcements in MMCs possess the necessary properties to be used in engineering industrial applications.
Surface Energetics Effects on Mechanical Strength of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix
Authors: Sinebe J.E. , Chukwuneke J. L. , Omenyi S. N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Surface energetics effects on the mechanical strength of fibre reinforced polymer matrix been studied employed the manual scraper mechanism in extracting fibre from plantain pseudo-stem and was treated with nine different treatments. Cylindrical shape mould was prepared for mechanical test samples with continuous and unidirectional aligned fibres. Two probe liquids; water and glycerol were used in contact angle measurement for all the treated and untreated samples. The contact angle data was used for the interfacial energetics computations using Neumann and Fowkes models and the mathematical analysis were carried out using Matlab software tools. van der Waals notion of particle-particle interaction was employed to explain the physiochemical properties such as the surface interfacial energies. The average value for the interfacial free energy of adhesion for fibre-water and fibre-glycerol are -10mJ/m2 and -16MJ/m2 respectively signifying attractive van der Waal forces. The tensile test results unveil that the average value for treated fibres is greater than the average value of 171.29N/mm2 for untreated fibre except for potassium permanganate and phosphoric acid. These results reveal that an increase in tensile strength leads to an increase in the interfacial surface energy of adhesion. The treated fibres show a significant increase in interfacial surface energy and change in free energy of adhesion which suggests a better bonding mechanism of interaction between the fibre and matrix except for phosphoric acid which reveals otherwise, it may be as a result of the chemical chopped off the fibre during the treatment. The average strain rate of about 0.003 per seconds, 0.002 per seconds and 0.005 per seconds were deduced from the treated Mercerization, Acetone and MEKP respectively which reveals the lower strain rate as compared to the untreated fibre of 0.008 per seconds. The negative strain rate for the potassium permanganate and phosphoric acid was found to be -0.002 and -0.001 respectively reveals that the treatments will debond faster than other treated fibres..
Non-Linear Finite Element Approach to Aerodynamic Effects on Horizontal Taut Cable
Authors: Nwabanne J. O , Chukwuneke J. L , Omenyi S. N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A horizontal taut cable which has application in a typical power transmission line was subjected to structural nonlinear static analysis. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach was employed in this study to ascertain the magnitude of tension on each node on the cable occasioned by induced aerodynamics forces. ANSYS 14.0 software helped in determining the behaviour of the system on the basis of finite element displacement method. Comparison was made between the two FEA cases with respect to the effectiveness of the analytical model which describes the response in form of a couple of degrees of freedom (DOF) while reflecting the complex features of the dynamics of the cable in reaction to the induced aerodynamic effect. In order to avert excessive displacement in the computations, it was necessary to incorporate the convergence procedure in the process. The optimum deflection of the parabolic response obtained from the analytical Finite Element Method (FEM) results in the absence of aerodynamic external effect was at the nodes 12 and 13 corresponding to cable weight of 1.002936N and cable tension of 189396.97kg/km. The cable also showed a maximum displacement of 4483.75mm for the X, Y and Z components at nodal point 2 while the minimum displacement value was 4218.75mm. The obtained result for this study revealed a complex modal behaviour as is quite expected.
A processual model for the conceptualization of reliability concerns and it’s validation among design stakeholders for sustainability
Authors: Aikhuele Daniel O. , Ozuor Onyisi , Sunday Isaac Fayomi Ojo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The discourse addresses the different ways reliability information is communicated and shared to achieve sustainability at the early stage of product development, by conceptualizing the reliability communications process using a processual model. The model which is based on a mechanistic and a systemic view is used for analyzing the reliability information and concerns shared and communicated between and among design stakeholders. To prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to the reliability information during the product design stage, an information filtering system is included in the model. The conceptualized processual model is a piece of a more extensive undertaking that aims at assessing the sustainability of the different communication scheme among designers and product reliability teams located at different geographical sites provide a platform for rethinking the product reliability concerns and sharing. The model has been validated using an expert-opinion based method.
Development of a Statistical Model for the Effects of Air Blast Pressure, Melting Time and Fuel Consumed on Iron Melting Rate of an Erythrophleum Suave lens Charcoal-Fired Cupola Furnace
Authors: Olorunnishola A. A. G , Anjorin S. A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work was designed to investigate the effects of air blast pressure, melting time and fuel consumed on iron melting rate of an erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal-fired cupola furnace. A regression model was formulated and the model validation established the existence of statistically significant relationships between the control variables and iron melting rate. By using the experimental data, R2
value of 99.8 % was obtained, thus confirming that the model is fit since 99.8 % of the variation in melting rate could be explained by the control variables. The coefficients b0ec, b1ec, b2ec and b3ec are -434.656, 423.864, 1.188 and 1.858 respectively; and the output of the t- test showed that regression coefficients b1ec, b2ec and b3ec were not equal to zero (table t-value=t0.025, 11 = 2.201), hence they are statistically significant. The regression model developed in this work as explained by the model analysis can estimate the melting rate as a function of the control variables and form a basis for developing a computer software which may help energy and foundry managers to significantly monitor and improve on the melting rate of cupola furnace.
A Critical Analysis of Software Testing Tools
Authors: Okezie F. , Odun-Ayo I. , Bogle S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Software testing is a crucial part of software development, it ensures that the software been developed performs all functional requirements and is free from any form of defect and errors. This ensures that the software is of good quality and standard. While testing a software, it is important to be time and cost consciousness. This reason has made most testers switch from the manual testing process to automation of software testing, to reduce time and cost. But then selecting a software testing tool for automated testing that best fit a project is important yet challenging task, the objective of this paper is to evaluate some of the most used software testing tool, identify their strength and weakness and also the field where they can be employed, either for mobile testing, web service testing or both. The method utilized in the paper involved the analysis of recommended literatures to pinpoint necessary testing tools selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, that were evaluated. The result of the analysis indicted that based on the selected criteria, testing tools that supports web platform testing made up 17%, while tools that supported desktop and mobile platforms was 10% and 7% respectively. also, 7% of the tools examined were found to be open source tools while 12% were licensed tools. 10% of the testing tools examined supported the test result and report generation criterion while tools that require the knowledge of programming language was least as only 3% of examined tools supported this criterion. It was observed that there is no one perfect tool for testing, but for a particular testing purpose, tradeoffs can be made to select the best tool depending on the size of the project, the budgeted cost for testing, the platform of the application and also the language that is used to develop the project.
Improving career development through a Women mentoring program in the construction industry
Authors: Afolabi AO , Akinbo FT , Akinola A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the high underrepresentation of women in the construction industry, researchers are proposing innovative solutions to attract and retain female workers in the profession. The study examined the prospects of improving career development through women mentoring programs in the construction industry. Using an in-depth content analysis of literature, the study extracted barriers and impact of women mentoring programs. The study showed that in order to access the positive potential outcome for female students and workers there are barriers that must be surpassed. The barriers to an effective woman mentoring program identified in this study are both internal and external in nature. Once the barriers to women mentoring programs are not effectively suppressed it would lead to negative mentoring experiences. The study highlighted that in order for women mentoring programs to be effective both mentors and mentees should have gone through a mentoring training/workshop. This would help harness their individual characteristics, ability to set goals, ensure professionalism and the ability to give/receive feedback. The study identified potential outcomes of an effective women mentoring program in the construction industry.
Vertical Architecture Construction: Prospects and Barriers in solving Lagos’ Housing Deficit
Authors: Afolabi AO , Akinbo FT , Akinola A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The population of Lagos State is projected to double by 2050 to 32.6 million people. This is estimated to be the 6th largest city in the world. However, the land mass area of the state remains relatively constant at 3, 577 Km2. There is need to identify sustainable housing solutions to reduce the level of homelessness within the megacity. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the prospects and barriers in the use of vertical architecture construction in solving Lagos city’s housing deficit. The study utilized content analysis of literature on the subject matter which were obtained from major online databases. The study identified the prospects in the use of vertical architecture construction such as reducing housing deficit, adequate land management, engender sustainable practices, improved innovation and proper planning within the state. Nevertheless, some barriers are encountered in the actualization of a comprehensive vertical architecture in Lagos megacity. The barriers include cultural bias to high rise, lack of technology, epileptic power supply, poor maintenance culture, poor fire service delivery, inadequate policies and investment funding. In conclusion, preparedness towards a sustainable housing solution of vertical architecture construction requires a public-private partnership approach in public housing delivery.
Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion inhibition effect of calcium gluconate on mild steel in water based petrochemical drilling fluid
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApplication of biodegradable organic derivatives for corrosion inhibition of metallic alloys in water based petrochemical drilling fluid solution (WPDF) serves as a sustainable alternative to toxic chemical inhibiting compounds. The electrochemical corrosion inhibition of calcium gluconate (CG), on mild steel in WPDF was evaluated with potentiodynamic polarization and optical microscopy analysis. Statistical analysis on the effect of CG concentration on its inhibition performance was done through One Way ANOVA. Results show CG performed effectively at all concentration studied with average inhibition efficiency above 85%. CG exhibited mixed type inhibition property. The polarization plots obtained showed CG induces passivation of MS from the lowest to highest concentration due to its film forming and adsorption characteristics. This observation was further confirmed from the steel morphologies where the inhibited steel was relatively smooth while the non-inhibited morphology was badly corroded with visible corrosion pits.
Al-Si alloy for thermal storage applications-a review
Authors: Ogunrinola I. E. , Ndubuisi A. O. , Babalola P. O. , Akinyemi M. L. , P Aizebeokhai A. , Inegbenebor A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In regions that experience abundant sunshine, solar radiation emanating from the sun constantly generates significant thermal energy which has been an established potential source of harvestable clean energy. But an enormous amount of this form of renewable energy reaching the earth’s crust gets re-emitted back into the space at sunset period without being harnessed. There is a special need for researches to further develop thermal storage alternatives with high thermal capacity, good thermal transfer rate, portable, cost effective and durable. From literature, aluminum and silicon alloys have proved to be one of the most efficient thermal storage materials for medium to high temperature storage applications. It has been shown that different combinations of these gives different results depending on the application the alloy is to be used for. This paper reviews the application of Al-Si alloys for thermal storage with superior properties to Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Cu-Zn, Al-Si-Mg and Al-Si-Cu alloys. The making of Al-Si for thermal storage through liquid and solid metallurgical processes were also highlighted.
Analysis of the Influence of Laser Parameters on the Microstructure and Surface Properties of Laser Deposited Aluminum Based Coatings
Authors: Fatoba O.S. , Akinlabi E. T. , Akinlabi S. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effects of processing parameters were investigated namely laser intensity and speed of laser scanning of Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process had on the microstructure, metallurgical evolution, porosity generated in the coating, the geometrical property of the coating and the sizes of the grains in the coating. The processing parameters were applied in combinations in order to find the optimized settings of the process that least affects the metallurgical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate cladded with reinforced aluminium based powder. The temperature gradient and the rate of solidification of reinforcing the Ti-6Al-4V substrate with the aluminium based power were also focused on in terms of how they were influenced by the laser intensity and the scanning speed used in the building process. The inherent material properties were dependent on the process input parameters. The characterized performances considered in the investigation was influenced significantly by the laser processing intensity. The results of the investigation showed that the density had increased in proportion to the increase of the processing laser power coupled with the reduction of the speed of the laser scan. Moreover, for a laser power equivalent to and exceeding 950 W, the density became less susceptible to the laser power. The increased temperature field led to changes in geometry of the coatings as a results of more absorbed laser energy. The materials properties were influenced by the Fe-intermetallic compounds. The molten pool had columnar grains which were fully developed, along its volume as determined in the examination of the microstructure. In the direction of processing, the sample processed at 1.0-1.2 m/min had a reduction in width of the coatings from 1.643 to 1.293 mm and along the height it reduced to 0.375 at 2% Fe and 1% Mn. Increase in the percentage of both Fe and Mn increased the width of the coating to 1.833 mm at 1.0 m/min while the height continued to reduce to minimum of 0.272 mm at 1.2 m/min respectively.
Analysis of Weather Data for Humidity Control for Paper Storage and Printing Press in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Awolola O. O. , Olorunmaiye J. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the challenges of printing and paper industries is the issue of inappropriate humidity in the environment where the paper mills and printing shops or stores are located. Humidity of the environment is a factor of great concern for storage of papers and when printing. This work considers the needed optimum relative humidity that is required for high quality printing and analysis of a fifteen-year weather data of hourly dry bulb temperature (TDB) and relative humidity (RH) for Abuja in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). A bin width of 1°C and 5% were used for TDB and RH respectively. The two-dimensional dry bulb temperature and relative humidity bin data were obtained for each month of the year. High relative humidity which is inimical to high quality printing production, occurs in many months of the year, especially June through October, hence dehumidification process would be desirable during such periods. The optimum relative humidity for quality printing of between 45%-55% occurred for about 1027.9 hours out of the 8766 hours in the year. Therefore, it can be concluded that dehumidification to the right humidity level is necessary most of the time in Abuja for good quality printing work.
Effect of Kenaf Core Fibre (Hibiscus cannabinus) as one of the Dispersing Phases in Brake Pad Composite Production
Authors: Anyanwu B.U. , Olayinka G.O. , Ezeokeke D.T. , Fayomi O.S. , Oluwole O.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Brakes are essential parts of all means of transportation. Their function is to slow or stop a vehicle by friction. Asbestos has been widely used in the production of brake pads. However, its application poses adverse effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kenaf core fibers as one of the dispersing phases in brake pad composite production. The materials and methods employed in the study, followed procedures in established standards and literatures. The materials were grounded into fine powder and sieved into grade sizes of 100 µm and 200 µm. They were weighed on a digital scale according to a specified composition and mixed thoroughly for about five (5) minutes to obtain homogeneity of the mixture. Afterwards, the mixed compositions were placed inside a 5 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm cylindrical mould. These mixtures were then compacted on a hydraulic press and allowed to dry at an ambient temperature of 37°C. A series of physio-mechanical tests such as porosity, ash content, density, compressive strength, hardness and wear rate were conducted on the developed brake pad samples as well as the control samples. The results showed that the average values for porosity, ash content and density of the developed samples enhanced with kenaf core fibres were 0.813%, 57.25% and 1.389 kg/m3 respectively. These values compare well with that of the control samples. Also, the hardness, wear rate and compressive strength of the samples enhanced with kenaf fibers gave average values of 121.25 BHN, 10.121×10-2 g/km and 105.75 MPa respectively. These values also compare well with that of the control samples. From the results gotten and all the properties determined, the study showed that kenaf core fibres has good potentials as dispersing phases for brake pad composite production.
Experimental Study of Corncob and Cow horn AA6063 Reinforced Composite for Improved Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Babaremu K.O , Joseph O.O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Composites are beginning to gain more relevance in numerous areas of engineering applications because of their improved mechanical, physical and electrical properties compared to the parent and indigenous materials. In this study, aluminium matrix composite was developed using aluminium AA6063 as the base material and reinforcement with granulated cow horn and corn cob as organic compounds, in varying percentages of matrix mixture. The particulates, CC, CH and CC-CH were added to the composite in various percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The composite was developed through a stir cast process and further fabricated into a 30mm diameter and 3mm thickness samples. The samples were tested for electrical conductivity and the result showed that the conductivity level of the materials increased to 4.845 x 102S/m compared to the initial conductivity value of 2.947 x 102S/m for the as received aluminium sample.