bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Data Analytics (October 2020)
Authors: Saputelli Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Imagine the time when we are no longer concerned about the digital-transformation issues we face today, such as data availability, security, and many others. This would be the time when companies make the best out of digital infrastructure. In this era, employees would not struggle to collect, gather, and transform the data. Instead, automated algorithms would enable them to quickly leverage information hidden in data sources. We may, however, face other kinds of issues such as ensuring that computers and humans collaborate in the most-efficient way, providing business managers the best decision-making framework. This era might be here sooner than expected.
The upstream industry is not short of innovative ideas where machine-learning algorithms have enabled new concepts since a wide variety of digital tools for fast prototyping and implementation have become available. However, companies need to establish digital operating models that support not only agile innovation but also robust deployment of scaled-up solutions. This will require a multiparty framework for planning resources to support and sustain such applications from idea to reality. Such a framework shall assure that the portfolio of ideas is translated into a coherent applications road map, with clear delivery milestones. Change management is required to embed these new tools in daily business processes, amalgamating with other solutions along with providing user support and managing the evolution of information-technology infrastructure.
As evidence of such progression, this month papers are showcased that address common-use cases in petroleum engineering and geosciences.
Paper SPE 196657 shows automating 3D image processing that can significantly improve the quality and speed of classifying the morphology of heterogeneous carbonate rock. The implications for fluid-flow modeling are tremendous.
The objective of paper SPE 196110 is to enable the prediction of the spatial variation in new target wells’ decline type curves for gas production on the basis of existing data of production, completion, and geological parameters through an automated machine-learning approach.
Paper OTC 29815 proposes a machine-learning/artificial-intelligence approach using sequence-mining algorithms for predicting the next drilling operation and classifying it on the basis of textual descriptions, allowing automatic pattern discovery within drilling reports.
In the additional-reading suggestions, paper SPE 196011 investigates various deep-learning approaches to predict the long-term well performance on the basis of a moderate duration of early-life well monitoring data.
Transient Multiphase-Flow Simulation Enables Slugging Mitigation Solution
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 195740, “Long Cyclic Well-Slugging Behavior Induced by Sand Production; Analysis and Mitigation Solution Enabled by Transient Multiphase-Flow Simulation,” by Kapil Kumar Thakur, SPE, Schlumberger; Kia Katoozi, SPE, TAQA Bratani; and Ali Hamid, SPE, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2019 SPE Offshore Europe Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, 3-6 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The complete paper discuses a well with a history of sand production that exhibits long cyclic slugging behavior. Whether the slugging is caused by the gap at the well’s lower completion, by sand transportation, or by both is not fully understood. Dynamic wellbore modeling with sand-particle transport is essential in modeling the complex slugging behavior. Transient simulations successfully produced the slugging behavior observed in the field. Cyclic slugging was determined to be caused by the flow dynamics generated by particles of small to medium size.
Introduction
Well X1 exhibited long cyclic slugging behavior, as seen from the tubinghead pressure (THP) and downhole pressure measured for 1 month (i.e., 0 to 30 days) (Fig. 1). Surface rate measurements from the rate test are available for 1 week (i.e., from Days 23 to 30); these are shown in Fig. 1 along with downhole pressure. For this period, downhole pressure decline is observed as the rate builds. The objective of this analysis is to understand the long cyclic slugging behavior of the well by analyzing and simulating historical production data and to arrive at a potential mitigation solution.
Wellbore Modeling
The multiphase-flow model incorporated in the commercial transient multiphase simulator used in this study is based on first principles whereby the equations of mass, momentum, and energy are solved in time and space to arrive at temporal and spatial variations of phase fractions, velocities, pressure, and temperature. These mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved rigorously in the transient multiphase simulator model with the appropriate closure laws defining interfacial and wall friction, deposition and entrainment of droplets, and bubble entrainment. The model is suited to well-simulation applications because it can simulate complex trajectories, smart completions, and the transient heat transfer in wells by accounting for all the applicable modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) between the tubing, casing, and formation. The model is capable of handling sand-particle transport.
Analysis of Sand-Control-Installation Failures Provides Insights, Paths Forward
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 199251, “Understanding Sand-Control-Installation Failures,” by Raymond Tibbles, SPE, Kesavan Govinathan, SPE, and Ian Mickelburgh, SPE, DuneFront, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, 19-21 February, Lafayette, Louisiana. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Sand-control-installation failures range from minor issues that can be remedied easily to catastrophic events that put the entire well and investment at risk. The complete paper introduces several case studies of such failures and details the investigative process and techniques used to identify root causes. A commercial software tool incorporating data-analysis techniques and a methodical evaluation work flow were used to understand the cause of the failures and determine how they can be prevented in future operations. Examples include events such as screen and washpipe damage, bridging, hole collapse, and packer-seal failure.
Introduction
Potential modes of failure tradition ally have been investigated with material- balance calculations and surface-pressure measurements. However, this simple approach is unable to diagnose clearly the specific failure mode and often is insufficiently precise to be conclusive, especially for high-value wells. While surface data provide an overview of the operation, the data are influenced by many factors involving the entire system, making it difficult to differentiate multiple events and locate them in the flow path. Mass-balance calculation is also a rudimentary analysis with many inherent assumptions. Often, estimations of perforation or openhole volumes are inaccurate, location of voids cannot be identified in the event of an incomplete pack, and gravel volume and mass measurements do not help in understanding packing mechanisms. Attempts have been made to develop logging techniques to obtain a clearer picture of the outcome of a gravel pack. While this effort has met with some success in cased holes, it has proved to be difficult to apply in open holes. Regardless, identification of the presence of voids in a gravel pack does not provide a clear explanation of why they formed and how they may be prevented in the future.
Predictive value of aberrant right subclavian artery for fetal Chromosome aneuploidy in women of advanced maternal age
Authors: Chen Li-Ping , Zhong Xiao-Hong , You Jian-Hong , Chen Jiang-Hua , Xie Jing-Xian , Chen Xiao-Kang , Chen Xiao-Yan , Lyu Guo-Rong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In entire population, aberrant right subclavian artery ( ARSA) was in closely association with chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increased with the maternal age exponentially. This situation in advanced maternal age ( AMA )group is uncertain. This study aimed to establish the incidence of ARSA in Chinese AMA and non-AMA women and to determine the frequency of aneuploidy among AMA and non-AMA women with ARSA.Methods: The retrospective study included 13,690 singleton pregnancies which were divided into AMA and non-AMA groups. Integrated obstetric ultrasonic screening, biochemical screening, noninvasive prenatal screening and fetal karyotype analysis were analyzed.Results: 1. The overall incidence of ARSA was 0.69 % with no difference in both age groups. 2. The incidence rate of chromosomal abnormalities in AMA group ( 37 / 2,860 ) was much higher than that in non-AMA group. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increased with both ARSA detected and additional ultrasound findings. 3. With combined ARSA detected in AMA ones, the lilelihood of the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities increased. 4. Additionally, a case with chimeric ( 45X / 46XX ) was found with isolated ARSA in AMA pregnancy.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in AMA fetuses. ARSA would increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in both age groups, especially combined ARSA. Moreover, when combined ARSA is found in AMA ones, it confers a high likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities.
Thyroid Cancer Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment: a cross- sectional study at a thyroid cancer referral center in Ecuador&nbsp;
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Salazar-Vega Jorge , Lincango-Naranjo Eddy , Garcia Cristhian , Koupermann Gabriela Jaramillo , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Ledesma Tannya , Rojas Tatiana , Alvarado-Mafla Benjamin , Carcamo Cesar , Ponce Oscar J. , Brito Juan P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In contrast to the rapid increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has remained low and stable over the last decades. In Ecuador, however, TC mortality has increased. The objective of this study is to determine possible drivers of high rates of thyroid cancer mortality, through a cross-sectional analysis of all patients attending a thyroid cancer referral center in Ecuador.Methods: From June 2014 to December 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo (HEEE), a regional reference public hospital for endocrine neoplasia in adults in Quito, Ecuador. We identified the mechanism of detection, histopathology and treatment modalities from a patient interview and review of clinical records. Results: Among 452 patients, 74.8% were young adults and 94.2% (426) were female. 13.7% had a family history of thyroid cancer, and patients’ median tumor size was 2 cm. The incidental finding was 54.2% whereas 45.8% was non-incidental. Thyroid cancer histology reported that 93.3% had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 2.7% follicular, 1.5% Hurtle cells, 1.6% medullary, 0.7% poor differentiated, and 0.2% anaplastic carcinoma. The mean MACIS (metastasis, age, completeness, invasion, and size) score was 4.95 (CI 4.15-5.95) with 76.2% of the thyroid cancer patients having MACIS score less than or equal to 6. The very low and low risk of recurrence was 18.1% (79) and 62% (271) respectively. An analysis of 319 patients with non-metastatic thyroid cancer showed that 10.7% (34) of patients had surgical complications. Moreover, around 62.5% (80 from 128 patients with thyroglobulin laboratory results) of TC patients had a stimulated-thyroglobulin (sTg) value equal or higher than 2 ng/ml. Overall, a poor surgical outcome was present in 35.1% (112) patients. Out of 436 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), 86% (375) received radioactive iodine (RAI). Conclusion: Thyroid cancer histological characteristics and method of diagnosis are like those described in other reports without any evidence of the high frequency of aggressive thyroid cancer histology. However, we observed evidence of overtreatment and poor surgical outcomes that demand additional studies to understand their association with thyroid cancer mortality in Ecuador.
QMAP-Seq: Quantitative and Multiplexed Analysis of Phenotype by Sequencing
Authors: Brockway Sonia , Wang Geng , Jackson Jasen M. , Amici David R. , Takagishi Seesha R. , Clutter Matthew R. , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Mendillo Marc L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chemical-genetic interaction profiling in model organisms has proven powerful in providing insights into compound mechanism of action and gene function. However, identifying chemical-genetic interactions in mammalian systems has been limited to low-throughput or computational methods. Here, we develop Quantitative and Multiplexed Analysis of Phenotype by Sequencing (QMAP-Seq), which leverages next-generation sequencing for pooled high-throughput chemical-genetic profiling. We apply QMAP-Seq to investigate how cellular stress response factors affect therapeutic response in cancer. Using minimal automation, we treat pools of 60 cell types—comprising 12 genetic perturbations in five cell lines—with 1,440 compound-dose combinations, generating 86,400 chemical-genetic measurements. QMAP-Seq produces precise and accurate quantitative measures of acute drug response comparable to gold standard assays, but with increased throughput at lower cost. Moreover, QMAP-Seq reveals clinically actionable drug vulnerabilities and functional relationships involving these stress response factors, many of which are activated in cancer. Thus, QMAP-Seq provides a broadly accessible and scalable strategy for chemical-genetic profiling in mammalian cells.
Chemiluminescence imaging of cells (CLIC)
Authors: Fisher Jane , Sørensen Ole E. , Abu-Humaidan Anas H. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here we describe a simple, sensitive and robust chemiluminescence-based immunoassay (chemiluminescence imaging of cells; CLIC) for relative quantification of proteins in cells. We first employed this method to quantify complement activation in cultured mammalian cells, and to quantify membrane protein expression, shedding, binding and internalization. Moreover, through specific membrane permeabilization we were able to quantify both cytosolic and nuclear proteins, and their translocation. We validated the CLIC quantification method by performing parallel experiments with other quantification methods like ELISA, qPCR, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The workflow of the immunoassay was found to be advantageous in certain instances when compared to these quantification methods. Since the reagents used for CLIC are common to other immunoassays with no need for specialized equipment, and due to the good linearity, dynamic range and signal stability inherent to chemiluminescence, we suggest that this assay is suitable for both small scale and high throughput relative protein quantification studies in whole cells
Modulation of June Rainfall in India by Winter Salinity Barrier Layer in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Pang Shanshan , Wang Xidong , Foltz Gregory , Fan Kaigui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study finds that the winter barrier layer (BL) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) can modulate the subsequent Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and associated rainfall variability. In the years when the prior winter BL is anomalously thick, there is anomalous sea surface cooling caused by intensified latent heat flux loss, and this anomalous cooling persists into the following year due to positive cloud–SST feedback. During December–February, it is shown that the vertical entrainment of warmer subsurface water due to anomalously thick BL acts to limit excessive cooling of the sea surface and maintain deep atmospheric convection over the BoB. Then, during March–May, the thinner mixed layer linked to anomalously thick BL allows more shortwave radiation to penetrate below the mixed layer. This tends to reinforce the cold SST anomalies, and advance the onset of ISM and enhance June ISM precipitation through an increase in the tropospheric temperature gradient between land and sea. We also find that most CMIP5 models fail to reproduce the observed relationship between June ISM rainfall and the prior winter BL. This may be attributable to their difficulties in realistically simulating the winter BL in the BoB and ISM precipitation. The present results indicate that it is important to realistically capture the winter BL of the BoB in air–sea coupled models for improving the simulation and prediction of ISM.
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetes by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis via serpina1e signaling
Authors: Shu Gang , Yuan Yexian , Sun Jia , Zhu Canjun , Feng Jinlong , Ma Zewei , Peng Wentong , Yin Cong , Xu Guli , Xu Pingwen , Jiang Yuwei , Wang Songbo , Zhu Xiaotong , Gao Ping , Wang Lina , Xi Qianyun , Zhang Yongliang , Jiang Qingyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While resistance exercise effectively improves overall health in diabetic patients, the underlying biological mechanism by which resistance exercise improves metabolic function and glucose homeostasis remain mostly unknown. Previously, we identified a myometabolite-mediated metabolic pathway that is essential for the beneficial effects of resistance exercise on metabolic function. We found that resistance exercise-induced α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) stimulates muscle hypertrophy and fat loss through 2-oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1)-dependent adrenal activation. Here, we provided evidence for the beneficial effects of AKG on glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, which are independent of OXGR1. We showed that circulating AKG levels are negatively correlated with the fraction of blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in both humans and mice and significantly decreased in DIO mice. Consistently, pharmacological elevation of AKG effectively decreased body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic gluconeogenesis without changing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in DIO mice. Notably, OXGR1KO blocked the inhibitory effects of AKG on body weight but failed to affect AKG’s suppression on blood glucose and hepatic gluconeogenesis, indicating distinct mechanisms for AKG’s regulation on energy balance and glucose homeostasis. In supporting this view, we showed that serpina1e, a member of protease inhibitor serpins superfamily, mediates the direct inhibitory effects of AKG on gluconeogenesis in both in vitro hepatocytes and liver slice. By using a liver-specific serpina1e deletion mouse model, we further demonstrated that liver serpina1e is required for the inhibitory effects of AKG on hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia in DIO mice. Finally, we provided in vitro evidence to support a model in which AKG decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis by targeting trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) in seprina1e promoter region. Our studies established an important role of AKG in glucose homeostasis, and identified the AKG-serpina1e pathway as potential therapeutic targets to attenuate hyperglycemia.
The Relationship Between Frailty and Depression, Quality of Life, Disability, and Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A. , Hammouri Hanan , Al-Satari Eman S. , Wallace Debra C. , Rababa Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Frailty syndrome is characterized by a decline in physiological and psychological reserve that leads to poor health outcomes. Objectives: The current study explored frailty and its impacts on health outcomes among older adults in close-knit Jordanian communities. Methods: A secondary analysis (N=109) of community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or over was conducted. The Arabic version of the culturally adapted Tilburg Frailty Indicator, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the SF-36 Quality of Life survey, and disability self-reports were used. Results: Despite Jordanian communities being very close-knit, the results indicated a high prevalence of frailty (78%) and depression (38%) and poor outcomes of cognitive dysfunction and low quality of life among the participating older adults. Further, the prevalence of frailty was found to be 4.2 times higher among females than males and 7.2 times higher among single older adults than married older adults. Conclusion: A high prevalence of frailty and its related adverse outcomes was found among older adults in Jordan.
Sarcopenia as A Predictor of Mortality Among the Critically Ill in an Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ming , Chen Denghong , Xie Xiao-Hua , Zhang Jun-E , Zeng Yingchun , Cheng Andy SK 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The evidence of sarcopenia based on CT-scan as an important prognostic factor for critically ill patients has not seen consistent results. Objective: To determine the impact of sarcopenia on mortality in critically ill patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between sarcopenia and mortality.Methods: We searched studies from the literature of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from database inception to June 15, 2020. All observational studies exploring the relationship between sarcopenia based on CT-scan and mortality in critically ill patients were included. The search and data analysis were independently conducted by two investigators. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA Version 14.0 software using a fixed effects mode. Results: Fourteen studies with a total of 3,249 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia among critically ill patients was 38% (95% CI:36%-39%). Critically ill patients with sarcopenia in intensive care unit have an increased risk of mortality, compared to critically ill patients without sarcopenia (HR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.79-2.75; P<0.001; I2=0.0%). In addition, a subgroup analysis found a significant difference in the association between sarcopenia and mortality when using total psoas muscle area (TPA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and skeletal muscle area (SMA) to define sarcopenia (HR=2.96,95%CI:1.72-5.11,P<0.001; HR = 2.11,95%CI:1.59-2.80,P<0.01; HR=2.11, 95%CI:1.33-3.33,P=0.001, respectively), whereas the results were not significant when measuring the masseter muscle to define sarcopenia (HR=2.00, 95%CI:0.82-4.90,P=0.129).Conclusion: Sarcopenia increases the risk of mortality in critical illness. Identifying the risk factors of sarcopenia should be routine in clinical assessments, offering corresponding interventions may help medical staff achieve good patient outcomes in ICU departments.