bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAM17 promotes the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation MMP21
Authors: Xiang Yuqi , Liu Liyu , Wang Ying , Li Bo , Peng Jinwu , Deyun Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The upregulation of ADAM17 has been reported to be associated with invasion and metastasis in various tumors, however the molecular mechanism of ADAM17 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be clarified. Human matrix metalloproteinase 21 (MMP21), the newest member of the MMP gene family, has been suggested to play an important role in embryogenesis and tumor progression. So far, nothing is known about the relationship between ADAM17 and MMP21.Methods: In this study, the expression level of ADAM17 and MMP21 in HCC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The Scratch wounding assay and Transwell were used to identify the invasion and metastasis ability. ELISA was used to evaluate the production of MMP21. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct association between ADAM17 and MMP21. HPLC was used to conﬁrmed that ADAM17 participated in the maturation of MMP21.Results: Our present data indicated that ADAM17 and MMP21 was significantly upregulated in human HCC tissues. Knockdown of ADAM17 in HCC inhibited cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, ADAM17 regulates the secretion and expression of MMP21. Furthermore we discovered a direct association between ADAM17 and MMP21, and we also found MMP21 prodomain could be cleaved by ADAM17.Conclusion: Our data suggest that ADAM17 plays an important role in the development of HCC invasion and metastasis and this function may be implement by MMP21.
Coevolution of Coronavirus and Paramyxovirus with Their Bat Hosts in the Same Geographical Areas
Authors: Liang Jie , Zhu Chunchao , Zhang Libiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Bat-borne viruses are relatively host specific. In this study, we investigated the coevolution of coronavirus and paramyxovirus with their bat hosts. Published nucleotide sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of 60 coronaviruses isolated from 37 bat species, the RNA polymerase large (L) gene of 36 paramyxoviruses isolated from 29 bat species, and the cytochrome B (cytB) gene of 35 bat species were analyzed for coevolution signals. Each coevolution signal detected was tested and verified by the ParaFit and PACo functions in the R program. Results: Significant coevolution signals were detected in coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses and their bat hosts, and closely related bat hosts were found to carry closely related viruses. Conclusions: Our results suggest that similar geographical distribution and close phylogenetic relationship are requisites for inter-species transmission of viruses.
Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure Reduces Expression of the Epithelial Tight Junction Protein Tricellulin
Authors: Smyth Timothy , Veazey Janelle , Eliseeva Sophia , Chalupa David , Elder Alison , Georas Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: While exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been linked to aberrant immune responses in allergic diseases such as asthma, little attention has been paid to their effects on the airway epithelial barrier. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of diesel exhaust exposure on airway epithelial barrier function and composition using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Methods: 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells were grown on collagen coated Transwell inserts and exposed to 5 to 50 µg/cm 2 SRM 2975 diesel particulate matter (DEP) suspended in cell culture medium or vehicle controls. Changes in barrier function were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to 4 kDa FITC Dextran. Neonatal BALB/c mice were exposed to aerosolized DEP (255 ±89 µg/m 3 ; 2 hours per day for 5 days) and changes in the tight junction protein Tricellulin were assessed two weeks post exposure. Results: A six-hour incubation of epithelial cells with diesel exhaust particles caused a significant concentration-dependent reduction in epithelial barrier integrity as measured by decreased TEER and increased permeability to 4 kDa FITC-Dextran. This reduction in epithelial barrier integrity corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of the tight junction protein Tricellulin. siRNA mediated knockdown of Tricellulin recapitulated changes in barrier function caused by DEP exposure. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant reduction in lung Tricellulin two weeks post exposure at both the protein and mRNA level. Conclusion: Short term exposure to DEP causes a significant reduction in epithelial barrier integrity through a reduction in the tight junction protein Tricellulin. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant and sustained reduction in Tricellulin protein and mRNA in the lung, suggesting that early life exposure to inhaled DEP may cause lasting changes in airway epithelial barrier function.
Expression and Prognostic Significance of the Nicotinic Receptor Cluster on 15q25 about CHRNA5 and PSMA4 mRNA in Lung Adenocarcinoma Utilizing TCGA Datasets
Authors: Wang Yuxiu , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Liping , Gu Jianjun , Gong Daohui , Jiang Jixin , Xu Xingxiang , Hu Suwei , Shu Yusheng , Min Lingfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies of lung cancer have shown a common variation at 15q24-25.1 as a determinant of risk, but the role of specific genes has not been proven. This study aims to explore the expression of mutations and the prognostic significance of 15q25 (CHRNA5 and PSMA4) mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) based on immunohistochemistry, TCGA and bioinformatics. Methods: The expression of mutations on chromosome 15q25 of 576 primary LAC patients was selected and survival and gene expression data were extracted from TCGA. The relationship between expression of genes on 15q25 and clinical and prognostic Significance of LAC. An experiment with Beas-2b, A549 and H1299 cell lines was performed to further prove the difference in CHRNA5 and PSMA4 expression between lung cancer and normal cells. Immunohistochemistry data of CHRNA5 and PSMA4 were detected in LAC and normal tissues from 122 patients. Finally, Gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to predict the regulatory genes of CHRNA5 and PSMA4. Results: CHRNA5 and PSMA4 are frequently mutated in TCGA (CHRNA5, 1.7%; PSMA4, 1.3%). Besides, the expression of CHRNA5 and PSMA4 was obviously higher in A549 and H1299 cells. And the immunohistochemical staining revealed that the levels of CHRNA5 and PSMA4 were considerably higher in the LAC group than in the normal group. Meanwhile, there was a significant association between high CHRNA5 expression and smoking history (P=0.011), smoking history pack year value (P=0.010). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between CHRNA5 and PSMA4 expression levels and prognosis (P=0.003; P=0.008), and between higher expression and worse prognosis. GSEA results suggested that between samples with high CHRNA5 and PSMA4 expression were respectively enriched to cell cycle, base excision repair, oxidative phosphorylation, protein export, and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, among others. Conclusions: CHRNA5 and PSMA4 mRNA expression has a significant impact on the clinical and survival of LAC, and they may be a potential target for treating patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair With Middle Glenohumeral Ligament Augmentation For The Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instabilities
Authors: Yıldız Vahit , Topal Murat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In delayed Bankart lesion cases, the joint capsule and glenoid labrum are severely retracted in chronic cases with numerous recurrent dislocations, which results in insufficient viable soft tissue for capsular plication. We have proposed that labral repair with Middle Glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) augmentation could be done to reconstruct anterior stability. In this study, we report the clinical outcomes of patients who had undergone arthroscopic MGHL augmented repair for anterior stabilization for chronic anterior dislocations. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective study. Patients who had undergone arthroscopic MGHL augmented labral repair for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Rowe and CONSTANT scores were used for the functional evaluation of the patients. Arthroscopic MGHL augmented labral repair is performed on each patients.The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data related to variables included in the analysis followed a normal distribution pattern. The paired-Samples t-test was used to evaluate data with a normal distribution Results: The mean pre-operative Rowe score was 11,19(±9,19), and the mean pre-operative CONSTANT score was 41,7 (±8,12) The data for post-operative functional assessment were recorded at the 24th month follow- up. The mean Rowe score was 92,43 (±7,14), and the CONSTANT score was 82,60 (±11,03). There was a significant improvement in CONSTANT and Rowe scores (p<0,005). We had two cases of redislocations. Conclusion: MGHL augmentation technique provided a low rate of redislocation and satisfactory functional outcomes. We recommend this technique to surgeons who perform arthroscopic shoulder instability surgeries in cases with degenerated joint capsule and labrum.
Efficacy and cardiovascular safety of the new estrogen-free contraceptive pill containing 4 mg drospirenone alone in a 24/4 regime. Cardiovascular safety of the new estrogen-free contraceptive pill containing 4 mg drospirenone alone in a 24/4 regime.
Authors: Palacios Santiago , Colli Enrico , REGIDOR PEDRO ANTONIO 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A new estrogen-free contraceptive has been approved by both the FDA and more than 15 European authorities. It is composed of drospirenone (DRSP) at a dosage of 4 mg in a regimen 24/4. The molecule is known to have anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoid, anti-estrogenic, and antiandrogenic properties. The purpose of these clinical trials with a new estrogen-free contraceptive was to introduce a contraceptive method with high efficacy and showing a profile with low cardiovascular risks.Methods: Three European and American multicenter clinical trials have been conducted in more than 2,500 patients and more than 25,000 cycles, not only demonstrating an excellent efficacy (Pearl Index of 0.73) but also investigating possible cardiovascular risks. In the USA study, 422 participants (41.9 %) had a risk factor for VTE, while in the European studies, 261 patients (16.6 %) had at least one VTE risk factor. Amount of arterial and venous thromboembolic events, hemostasiological data, blood pressure development, and ECG data were evaluated. Results: No single case of VTE was documented, no changes in hemastosiological parameters were observed, a small decrease in RR in patients with pretreatment values between 130 and 140 and/or 85 to 90 mm HG and no influence on ECG parameters were observed.Conclusions: The introduction of a new estrogen-free contraceptive with 4 mg of non-micronized drospirenone in a 24/4-day regimen expands contraception options for women as not only a high efficacy could be demonstrated during clinical trials but also a very high cardiovascular safety profile was observed even in women with cardiovascular risk factors.EudraCT registration numbers: 2010-021787-15 & 2011-002396-42. Clincaltrials.gov: NCT02269241
Genetic polymorphisms of PGF and TNFAIP2 genes related to cervical cancer risk among Uygur females from China
Authors: Ainiwaer Zumurelaiti , Maisaidi Reyilanmu , Liu Jing , Han Lili , Husaiyin Sulaiya , Lu Jing , Niyazi Mayinuer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: PGF and TNFAIP2 are important angiogenic factors, which were abnormal expression in cervical cancer (CC). However, there is currently no report investigating the relationship of PGF and TNFAIP2 gene polymorphisms to CC risk.Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 342 CC patients and 498 cancer-free controls in a Chinese Uygur female population. Three SNPs (PGF rs8019391, PGF rs2268615, and TNFAIP2 rs710100) were selected and genotyped to assess the possible association of PGF and TNFAIP2 polymorphisms with CC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age was used.Results: PGF rs2268615 (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04-1.86, p = 0.024) and TNFAIP2 rs710100 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI =1.07-1.95, p = 0.018) polymorphisms were associated with the increased risk of CC. Moreover, T allele of PGF rs8019391 was highly represented in patients with stage III–IV compared with stage I-II (OR = 2.17, p = 4.58´10-4). MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between the SNPs.Conclusion: Our data indicated that PGF rs2268615, and TNFAIP2 rs710100 polymorphisms might be risk factors for CC susceptibility, which contributed to the increased risk of CC.Trail registration: Not applicable.
Duodenal major papilla morphology can affect biliary cannulation and complications during ERCP, an observational study
Authors: Chen Po-Han , Tung Chun-Fang , Peng Yen-Chung , Yeh Hong-Zen , Chang Chi-Sen , Chen ChiaChang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated whether duodenal major papilla morphology could be a risk factor for failure of selective biliary cannulation (SBC) and post endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography (ERCP) complications.MethodsA prospectively recorded database was reviewed retrospectively. Patients were included if they received therapeutic ERCP and had naïve major duodenal papilla. We used Haraldsson’s classification for papilla morphology, as follows: Regular (Type 1), Small (Type 2), Protruding or Pendulous (Type 3) and Creased or Ridged (Type 4). Risk factors for failing SBC and post-ERCP complications were analyzed by multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 286 cases were included. Age, gender, indications and therapeutic procedures were not different among the four types of papillae. The failure rates of SBC with Type 3 papilla and Type 4 papilla were 11.11% and 6.25%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, Type 2 papilla (odd ratio 7.18, p= 0.045) and Type 3 papilla (odd ratio 7.44, p= 0.016) were associated with greater SBC failure compared with Type 1 papilla. Malignant obstruction compared to stone (odds ratio 4.45, p=0.014) and age (odd ratio=1.06, p=0.010) were also risk factors for cannulation failure. Type 2 papilla was correlated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (20%, p=0.020) compared to the other types of papilla However, papilla morphology was not a significant risk factor for any complications in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionSmall papilla and protruding or pendulous papilla are more difficult to cannulate compared to regular papilla. Small papilla is associated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Effectiveness of blended learning versus lectures alone on ECG analysis and interpretation by medical students
Authors: Viljoen Charle Andre , Millar Rob Scott , Manning Kathryn , Burch Vanessa Celeste 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Most medical students lack confidence and are unable to accurately interpret ECGs. Thus, better methods of ECG instruction are being sought. Current literature indicates that the use of e-learning for ECG analysis and interpretation skills (ECG competence) is not superior to lecture-based teaching. We aimed to assess whether blended learning (lectures supplemented with the use of a web application) resulted in better acquisition and retention of ECG competence in medical students, compared to conventional teaching (lectures alone). Methods Two cohorts of fourth-year medical students were studied prospectively. The conventional teaching cohort (n=67) attended four hours of interactive lectures, covering the basic principles of Electrocardiography, waveform abnormalities and arrhythmias. In addition to attending the same lectures, the blended learning cohort (n=64) used a web application that facilitated deliberate practice of systematic ECG analysis and interpretation, with immediate feedback. All participants completed three tests: pre-intervention (assessing baseline ECG competence at start of clinical clerkship), immediate post-intervention (assessing acquisition of ECG competence at end of six-week clinical clerkship) and delayed post-intervention (assessing retention of ECG competence six months after clinical clerkship, without any further ECG training). Diagnostic accuracy and uncertainty were assessed in each test. Results The pre-intervention test scores were similar for blended learning and conventional teaching cohorts (mean 31.02±13.19% versus 31.23±11.52% respectively, p=0.917). While all students demonstrated meaningful improvement in ECG competence after teaching, blended learning was associated with significantly better scores, compared to conventional teaching, in immediate (75.27±16.22% vs 50.27±17.1%, p<0.001; Cohen’sd=1.58), and delayed post-intervention tests (57.70±18.54% vs 37.63±16.35%, p<0.001; Cohen’s d=1.25). Although diagnostic uncertainty decreased after ECG training in both cohorts, blended learning was associated with better confidence in ECG analysis and interpretation. Conclusion Blended learning achieved significantly better levels of ECG competence and confidence amongst medical students than conventional ECG teaching did. Although medical students undergo a significant attrition of ECG competence without ongoing training, blended learning also resulted in better retention of ECG competence than conventional teaching. Web applications encouraging a stepwise approach to ECG analysis and enabling deliberate practice with feedback may, therefore, be a useful adjunct to lectures for teaching Electrocardiography.
LINC00665 enhances tumorigenicity of endometrial carcinoma by interacting with high mobility group AT-hook 1
Authors: Liu Yun , Chang Yue , Cai Yixuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is a frequently diagnosed cancer among females. LncRNAs are reported to be associated with various cancers. Their biological roles in endometrial carcinoma progression is an emerging scientific area. LINC00665 can exert a significant role in many cancers. However, its potential function in endometrial carcinoma is still poorly known.Method: qRT-PCR was carried out to test expression of LINC00665 and HMGA1. Western blot analysis was carried out to detect protein expression of HMGA1. Cell proliferation was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU assay. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Wound healing and transwell invasion assay was carried out to test cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemical staining and HE staining were conducted to assess Ki-67 and tumor growth respectively.Results: Expression of LINC00665 in clinical endometrial carcinoma tissues and cells was obviously up-regulated. Loss of LINC00665 could repress endometrial carcinoma cell viability, induce cell apoptosis and block cell cycle in G1 phase. KLE and HHUA cell migration and invasion ability were depressed by LINC00665 shRNA. Decrease of LINC00665 suppressed endometrial carcinoma tumorigenicity in vivo. RIP assay proved that LINC00665 directly bound with HMGA1 protein. shRNA of HMGA1 obviously restrained endometrial carcinoma cell growth and cell invasion.Conclusions: LINC00665 might promote endometrial carcinoma progression by positively modulating HMGA1.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Yu-xuan , He Chang-zheng , Liu Yi-chen , Zhao Peng-yue , Xu Xiao-lei , Wang Yu-feng , Xia Shao-you , Du Xiaohui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background：The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients with cancer are more likely to incur poor clinical outcomes. Due to the prevailing pandemic, we propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients.Methods：The ‘COVID-19’ period was defined as occurring between 2020-01-20 and 2020-03-20. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (PCG) and COVID-19 group (CG). A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study.Results： The waiting time before admission increased by 4 days in the CG (PCG: 4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG: 8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; p=0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scans besides abdominal CT before admission during the COVID-19 period (PCG: 22 [32%] vs. CG: 30 [73%], p=0.001). After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. CG: 7[IQR: 5,9]; p<0.001), more laparoscopic surgeries were performed (PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%], p=0.021), and hospital stay period after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11]; p<0.001). In addition, the total cost of hospitalization increased during this period, (PCG: 9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. CG: 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p=0.006).Conclusion：This study provides an opportunity for our surgical colleagues to reflect on their own services and any contingency plans they may have to tackle the COVID-19 crisis.
Finite element analysis of wedge and biconcave deformity in four different height restoration after augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Zuo Xiao-Hua , Chen Ying-Bing , Xie Peng , Zhang Wen-Dong , Xue Xiang-Yun , Zhang Qian-Xi , Shan Ben , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Bao Hong-Guang , Si Yan-Na 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose : Biomechanical comparison of wedge and biconcave deformity of different height restoration after augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures was analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of T11-L2 segment was constructed from CT scan of elderly osteoporosis patient. The von Mises stresses of vertebrae, intervertebral disc, facet joints, displacement, and range of motion (ROM) of wedge and biconcave deformity were compared at four different heights (Genant 0-3 grade) after T12 vertebral augmentation. Results: In wedge deformity, the stress of T12 decreased as the vertebral height in neutral position, flexion, extension and left axial rotation, whereas increased sharply in bending at Genant 0; L1 and L2 decreased in all positions excluding flexion of L2, and T11 increased in neutral position, flexion, extension, and right axial rotation at Genant 0. No significant changes in biconcave deformity. The stress of T11-T12, T12-L1, and L1-L2 intervertebral disc gradually increased or decreased under other positions in wedge fracture, whereas L1-L2 no significant change in biconcave fracture. The utmost overall facet joint stress is at Genant 3, whereas there is no significant change under the same position in biconcave fracture. The displacement and ROM of the wedge fracture had ups and downs, while a decline in all positions excluding extension in biconcave fracture.Conclusionons : The vertebral restoration height after augmentation to Genant 0 affects the von Mises stress, displacement, and ROM in wedge deformity, which may increase the risk of fracture; Whereas restored or not in biconcave deformity.