bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAS28‐CRP Cutoffs for High Disease Activity and Remission Are Lower Than DAS28‐ESR in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Greenmyer Jacob R. , Stacy John M. , Sahmoun Abe E. , Beal James R. , Diri Erdal 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveGuidelines do not specify how cutoffs for high disease activity differ between the Disease Activity Score 28‐joint count indices DAS28–erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and DAS28–C‐reactive protein (CRP). Studies that compare DAS28‐CRP and DAS28‐ESR depend on data from clinical trials, registries, or practices with multiple providers. Existing studies use data from patients who received immunosuppressive therapy. This study compared the DAS28‐ESR and DAS28‐CRP values from immunosuppressive treatment–naïve patients in a single physician practice.MethodsA retrospective electronic medical chart review was conducted for new diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; International Classification of Diseases [ICD]‐9 714), based on the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatology 2010 RA classification criteria. The number of patients with high disease activity (>5.1) was compared using ESR and CRP data to calculate the proportion of discordance. A receiver operator curve and Youden index was used to calculate the DAS28‐CRP high disease activity cutoff estimation that corresponds with DAS28‐ESR of more than 5.1.ResultsThere were 171 patients included in this study. The baseline mean DAS28‐ESR was higher than the baseline mean DAS‐28 CRP: 5.1 ± 1.2 versus 4.1 ± 1.0 (P < 0.001); 48.5% of patients met criteria for high disease activity (score >5.1) compared with only 14.6% when measured by DAS28‐CRP. Discordance was 33.9%. κ coefficient was only .307. Receiver operator curve and Youden index analysis suggested that the cutoff point for high disease activity of DAS28‐CRP greater than 4.1, which corresponds to DAS28‐ESR greater than 5.1. Similarly, DAS28‐ESR posttreatment scores were significantly higher than DAS28‐CRP. When measured by DAS28‐ESR, patients in remission had higher scores as measured by DAS28‐ESR (1.81) than DAS28‐CRP (1.45).ConclusionThere is a difference between DAS28‐ESR and DAS28‐CRP, even when calculated for immunosuppressive treatment–naïve patients. DAS28‐CRP is significantly lower than DAS28‐ESR.
Discrete‐time prescribed performance controller based on affine data‐driven model
Authors: Treesatayapun Chidentree 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe noncontinuous behavior of the controlled plant occurring as both positive and negative control directions is observed from the prototyping robotic system. By considering the controlled plant as a class of unknown nonlinear discrete‐time systems, the affine data‐driven model (ADM) is developed by a multi‐input fuzzy rule emulated network (MiFREN) when the property of a continuous function is omitted. Therefore, the controller is established by the result of ADM when the specification of tracking error can be designed by the prescribed boundaries. The theoretical principle is utilized for the closed‐loop analysis which guarantees the performance by designing the setting parameters. For the practical aspect, the design procedure and the performance are demonstrated by the experimental results.
Novel Bricks: A Scenario of Human–Machine Collaboration
Authors: Yuan Philip F , Li Keke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhilip F Yuan, founder of Shanghai‐based Archi‐Union Architects and Fab‐Union Technology, and Tongji University professor and doctoral researcher Keke Li develop novel advanced robotic fabrication techniques. Here they combine finite‐element analysis, machine vision and robotics to construct a reclaimed brick facade that would be impossible to build manually.
Tech's Teaching Moment: The Shape of Culture in the Post‐Blob Era
Authors: Nobel Philip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the aerospace and automobile industries, while the continuing adoption of digital technologies results in streamlining workflows and procurement practices, faster prototyping and virtual simulations, it has not radically redesigned the form of the car or the shape of an aircraft. In architecture, however, the assimilation of digital technologies has been used to create new forms. Philip Nobel, editorial director at SHoP Architects, runs us through the practice's ethos of curiosity and restraint in respect of the digital.
Elucidating energy scaling between atomic and molecular adsorbates in the presence of solvent
Authors: Park Jaeryul , Roling Luke T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCondensed phase reactions have recently attracted increased interest, but principles for efficiently screening and designing catalyst materials through computations are lacking. In this study, we examine the applicability of energy correlations between adsorbed surface species, which have been instrumental in accelerating the computational design of catalyst materials in gas‐phase contexts, in various representations of a condensed phase reaction environment. We perform detailed density functional theory calculations of the adsorption of atomic and molecular species in the presence of various representations of solvent species. Our results show that the well‐known scaling in the gas phase context is preserved, with scaling slopes unaffected by the adsorbate‐liquid interactions. Moreover, these results hold when changing surface structure, solvent identity, and even in highly disordered environments. We envision the establishment of an energy scaling framework for condensed phase reactions to accelerate catalyst discovery and design in those contexts.
Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Siemann Justin K. , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: September 2020

Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM‐5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as “sensory integration,” which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments.Lay SummarySensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430–1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying subgroups of age and cohort effects in obesity prevalence
Authors: Miljkovic Tatjana , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe obesity epidemic represents an important public health issue in the United States. Studying obesity trends across age groups over time helps to identify crucial relationships between the disease and medical treatment allowing for the development of effective prevention policies. We aim to define subgroups of age and cohort effects in obesity prevalence over time by considering an optimization approach applied to the age‐period‐cohort (APC) model. We consider a heterogeneous regression problem where the regression coefficients are age dependent and belong to subgroups with unknown grouping information. Using the APC model, we apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to develop a two‐step algorithm for (1) subgrouping of cohort effects based on similar characteristics and (2) subgrouping age effects over time. The proposed clustering approach is illustrated for the United States population, aged 18–79, during the period 1990–2017.
A population‐based comparison of treatment patterns, resource utilization, and costs by cancer stage for Ontario patients with triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Brezden‐Masley Christine , Fathers Kelly E. , Coombes Megan E. , Pourmirza Behin , Xue Cloris , Jerzak Katarzyna J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few publications exploring the characteristics, treatment pathways, and health‐care costs by stage in patients with a triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype.MethodsData from a publicly funded health‐care system in Ontario were assessed. Baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and health‐care costs were descriptively compared by cancer stage (I‐III vs IV) for adult women diagnosed with invasive TNBC between 2012 and 2016. Resource use was multiplied by unit costs for publicly funded health‐care services to calculate health system‐related costs.ResultsA total of 3271 cases were identified, 3081 with stage I‐III and 190 with stage IV TNBC. Baseline characteristics were aligned with previous reports. Surgery was the most common treatment among patients with stage I‐III disease (n = 2979, 96.7%); 557 (18.7%) received neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and 1974 (66.3%) received adjuvant therapy (AT), the latter at a median of 44 days postsurgery, and 2446 (79.4%) in the stage I‐III cohort received radiation. Treatment for metastatic TNBC included surgery in 48 (25.3%), systemic therapy in 138 (72.6%), and radiotherapy in 112 (58.9%) patients. Top drug regimens included anthracyclines/taxanes. Annual per‐patient health care costs were four times higher for stage IV vs. stage I‐III TNBC.ConclusionPer‐patient costs were higher in metastatic TNBC, despite a less frequent use of all treatment modalities compared to early TNBC. Treatment patterns were aligned with the options available at the time; however, neoadjuvant treatment rates were low.
Ambulatory intravenous insulin and islet cell transplantation to treat severe type III insulin hypersensitivity in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Clarke Brigette , Loudovaris Tom , Radford Toni , Drogemuller Chris , Coates Patrick Toby , Torpy David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAllogenic pancreatic islet cell transplantation is an appropriate treatment option to consider in the management of refractory cases of severe hypersensitivity to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Difficulty in diagnosing mild cases of COVID‐19 without respiratory symptoms during the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Careful monitoring needed for patients with persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Mizuno Yasuhiro , Todo Kozo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms have been reported to occur with COVID infection, and clinicians in COVID‐19‐endemic areas should suspect COVID‐19 infection in patients even if they have no noticeable respiratory symptoms and only gastrointestinal symptoms.
Wpt (waypoint) shift manifold difference metrics for evaluation of varying observing‐condition (observer + illuminant) metamerism and color inconstancy
Authors: Derhak Maxim W. , Luo Lin , Berns Roy S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetamerism is a critical color phenomenon which can cause serious problems for products assembled by various parts. Customers generally expect all parts are color‐matched under different observing conditions. This article extends the concepts of illuminant and observer metamerism to observing‐condition metamerism, that is, objects are color‐matched under one observing condition but not under others. The color inconstancy of a single object is also expanded to be evaluated under multiple observing conditions. Moreover, four Waypoint (Wpt) Shift Manifold difference metrics are proposed to evaluate not only observing‐condition metamerism of metamers and paramers but also observing‐condition color inconstancy of single objects: The Mean Object Inconstancy Index (MOII), The Mean Object Color Difference (MMOCD), Object Metamer Index (OMI), and Object Hue Similarity Index (OHSI). Existing indices of metamerism and color inconstancy employ appearance matching using a Chromatic Adaptation Transform (CAT) and color difference formulas such as CIEDE76 or CIEDE2000. The proposed metrics utilize material matching based upon the Waypoint Material Adjustment Transform (Wpt‐MAT) and Euclidian color difference in the perceptually uniform Material Color Equivalency Space WLab. Conceptual comparisons between these approaches are discussed and evaluated. Additionally, computational evaluation results under observing conditions composed by 99 illuminants and 70 observers show that MOII provides a measure of color inconstancy for single objects, MMOCD provides a measure of metamerism between metamers and paramers with a generalized assessment of color difference between two objects, OMI provides a measure of paramers, and OHSI provides a quantitative measure of hue characteristics for different observing conditions.
Photophysics of Oligothiophenes End‐Capped with Platinum(II) Auxochromes
Authors: Gundogan Ali S. , Jagadesan Pradeepkumar , Schanze Kirk S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of four oligothiophenes end‐capped with −Pt(PBu3)2Cl moieties on both ends of the oligomers was synthesized, and their excited state properties were investigated. The observation of low fluorescence quantum yield (<2 %) for the oligomers indicates the strong effect of platinum on the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency. No phosphorescence was detected for any of the oligomers; however, strong triplet‐triplet absorption was observed by nanosecond transient spectroscopy for oligomers with more than one thiophene unit. The oligomers displayed short triplet lifetimes (∼1–2 μs) compared to the unmetallated oligomers, due to large spin‐orbit coupling induced by the platinum atom. The lower limits of the ISC yields were indirectly determined by measuring the singlet oxygen quantum yields. Femtosecond–picosecond transient absorption studies revealed that the ISC rate ranges from 1012–1010 s−1, decreasing with increasing oligomer length. Electrochemical studies showed that the oligomers exhibit relatively low oxidation potentials (ca. 0.1 V vs. Fc/Fc+). Quenching of the oligomers’ triplet state absorption, simultaneously with the rise of their corresponding cationic radical absorption band in nanosecond transient spectra in the presence of methyl viologen, as an electron acceptor, established that the electron transfer occurs from their triplet state.
Lymph Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Han Mikyung , Watts J. Alex , Jamshidi‐Parsian Azemat , Nadeem Urooba , Siegel Eric R. , Zharov Vladimir P. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCollection of a blood sample defined by the term “blood liquid biopsy” is commonly used to detect diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision‐making markers of metastatic tumors including circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Many tumors also release CTCs and other markers into lymph fluid, but the utility of lymphatic markers largely remains unexplored. Here, we introduce lymph liquid biopsy through collection of peripheral (afferent) and central (thoracic duct [TD]) lymph samples and demonstrates its feasibility for detection of stem‐like CTCs potentially responsible for metastasis development and tumor relapse. Stemness of lymphatic CTCs (L‐CTCs) was determined by spheroid‐forming assay in vitro. Simultaneously, we tested blood CTCs by conventional blood liquid biopsy, and monitored the primary tumor size, early metastasis in a sentinel lymph node (SLN) and distant metastasis in lungs. Using a mouse model at early melanoma stage with no distant metastasis, we identified stem‐like L‐CTCs in lymph samples from afferent lymphatic vessels. Since these vessels transport cells from the primary tumor to SLN, our finding emphasizes the significance of the lymphatic pathway in development of SLN metastasis. Surprisingly, in pre‐metastatic disease, stem‐like L‐CTCs were detected in lymph samples from the TD, which directly empties lymph into blood circulation. This suggests a new contribution of the lymphatic system to initiation of distant metastasis. Integration of lymph and blood liquid biopsies demonstrated that all mice with early melanoma had stem‐like CTCs in at least one of three samples (afferent lymph, TD lymph, and blood). At the stage of distant metastasis, spheroid‐forming L‐CTCs were detected in TD lymph, but not in afferent lymph. Altogether, our results demonstrated that lymph liquid biopsy and testing L‐CTCs holds promise for diagnosis and prognosis of early metastasis. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A parametric model for distributions with flexible behavior in both tails
Authors: Stein Michael L. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFor many problems of inference about a marginal distribution function, while the entire distribution is important, extreme quantiles are of particular interest because rare outcomes may have large consequences. In some applications, only the extreme upper quantiles require extra attention, but in, for example, climatological applications, extremes in both tails of the distribution can be impactful. A possible approach in this setting is to use parametric families of distributions that have flexible behavior in both tails. One way to quantify this property is to require that, for any two generalized Pareto distributions, there is a member of the parametric family that behaves like one of the generalized Pareto distributions in the upper tail and like the negative of the other generalized Pareto distribution in the lower tail. This work proposes some specific quantifications of this notion and describes parametric families of distributions that satisfy these specifications. The proposed families all have closed form expressions for their densities and, hence, are convenient for use in practice. A simulation study shows how one of the proposed families can work well for estimating all quantiles when both tails of a distribution are heavy tailed. An application to climate model output shows this family can also work well when applied to daily average January temperature near Calgary, for which the evolving distribution over time due to climate change is difficult to model accurately by any standard parametric family.
Targeted inertization with flue gas injection in fully mechanized caving gob for residual coal spontaneous combustion prevention with CFD modeling
Authors: Huang Ge , Wang Jiren , Dai Fengwei , Deng Cunbao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo effectively prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of residual coal at the bottom of a large fully mechanized gob space, we proposed a targeted inertization technology based on the injection of power plant flue gas. Based on the real onsite conditions of the gob, the three‐dimensional distributions of the overburden fractures, gas emission, and residual coal were added to the multiphysics coupled model of spontaneous coal combustion. The simulation method based on moving coordinates was used to complete the risk evaluation and the locating of the spontaneous combustion in the fully mechanized gob, and the key control factors of the inerted zone and the fire prevention effect of the flue gas injection were analyzed. The results showed that the mismatch between the inerted zone and the spontaneous combustion risk zone was the root cause of the poor fire prevention effect of the inert gas injection. Because the density of the flue gas was greater than that of the leaked air, the flue gas mainly migrated and diffused in the lower part of the gob. At a distance of 100 m from the working face, the flue gas with 3%‐9% oxygen content injected at a rate of 2000 m3/h completely covered the high‐temperature residual coal. This caused the maximum temperature (Tmax) to drop from 334.2 K upon nitrogen injection to below 310 K. Additionally, the effect of the oxygen content fluctuation on Tmax was controlled within 2.6 K. The methods and the results in this study can serve as a reference for efficiently preventing and controlling local spontaneous combustion hazards in large spaces for underground coal mining.
Effect of temperature treatment on fruit quality and immunoregulation of Satsuma (Citrus unshiuMarc.) during storage
Authors: Deng Wenjun , Wu Jinlong , Da Yurong , Ma Zhaocheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSatsuma (Citrus unshiuMarc.) is rich in high levels of nutrients and popular for its unique flavor, but the consumption of satsuma is limited by some adverse reactions in human body. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of storage temperature on the postharvest quality of satsumas, and little attention has paid to the effect of postharvest satsumas on human body immunoregulation. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in fruit quality, and the effect of satsuma fruits stored at different temperatures on human health. Satsumas stored at low temperature (5.8°C, LT) and room temperature (23 ± 2°C, RT) for 60 days were sampled every 10 days to measure the fruit quality. Sixty volunteers were recruited for the oral stimulation experiment of satsumas, and then the effect of satsumas on human health was examined through the immunoregulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compared with RT treatment, LT treatment could delay the degradation of satsuma fruit quality. Both the results of the volunteer experiment and cell experiment indicated that postharvest temperature treatments could reduce the adverse effects of satsuma fruits on human body. These findings indicated that 10‐day storage at room temperature plus subsequent storage at low temperature was the optimal treatment to maintain fruit quality and functional components of postharvest satsumas. This study provides useful information on satsuma consumption and research work from the perspective of immunoregulation evaluation.