bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-crack detection of solar cell based on adaptive deep features and visual saliency
Authors: Qian Xiaoliang , Li Jing , Zhang Jianwei , Zhang Wenhao , Yue Weichao , Wu Qing-E , Zhang Huanlong , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
An effective machine vision-based method for micro-crack detection of solar cell can economically improve the qualified rate of solar cells. However, how to extract features which have strong generalization and data representation ability at the same time is still an open problem for machine vision-based methods.

Design/methodology/approach
A micro-crack detection method based on adaptive deep features and visual saliency is proposed in this paper. The proposed method can adaptively extract deep features from the input image without any supervised training. Furthermore, considering the fact that micro-cracks can obviously attract visual attention when people look at the solar cell’s surface, the visual saliency is also introduced for the micro-crack detection.

Findings
Comprehensive evaluations are implemented on two existing data sets, where subjective experimental results show that most of the micro-cracks can be detected, and the objective experimental results show that the method proposed in this study has better performance in detecting precision.

Originality/value
First, an adaptive deep features extraction scheme without any supervised training is proposed for micro-crack detection. Second, the visual saliency is introduced for micro-crack detection.
Compressed sensing grid-based target stepwise location method in underground tunnel
Authors: Tian ZiJian , Gong XiaoWei , He FangYuan , He JiaLuan , Wang XuQi 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
To solve the problem that the traditional received signal strength indicator real-time location method does not test the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the location area, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of the location, resulting in a large location error.

Design/methodology/approach
At present, the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm can be roughly divided into the following two categories (Zhouzhou and Fubao, 2014; Lagunas et al., 2016): one is the greedy iterative algorithm proposed for combinatorial optimization problems, which includes matching pursuit algorithm (MP), positive cross matching tracking algorithm (OMP), greedy matching tracking algorithm, segmented orthogonal matching tracking algorithm (StOMP) and so on. The second kind is the convex optimization algorithm, which also called the optimization approximation method. The common method is the basic tracking algorithm, which uses the norm instead of the norm to solve the optimization problem. In this paper, based on the piecewise orthogonal MP algorithm, the improved StOMP reconstruction algorithm is obtained.

Findings
In this paper, the MP algorithm (OMP), the StOMP and the improved StOMP algorithm are used as simulation reconstruction algorithms to achieve the comparison of location performance. It can be seen that the estimated position of the target is very close to the original position of the target. It is concluded that the CS grid-based target stepwise location method in underground tunnel can accurately locate the target in such specific region.

Originality/value
In this paper, the offline fingerprint database in offline phase of location method is established and the measurement of the electromagnetic noise distribution in different localization areas is considered. Furthermore, the offline phase shares the work of the location process, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity of the online phase location process and the power consumption of the reference node, meanwhile is easy to implement under the same conditions, as well as conforms to the location environment.
Botulinum toxin type A in chronic non‐dyshidrotic palmar eczema: A side‐by‐side comparative study
Authors: Ismail Aisha , El‐Kholy Samar , Farid Carmen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew indications are being reported for intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) owing to its anti‐inflammatory and antipruritic actions. Its successful use for dyshidrotic hand eczema and lichen simplex has been reported in a few cases, while its utility in dry palmar eczema not associated with hyperhidrosis has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was the assessment of the additive efficacy and tolerability of BTX‐A in chronic dry palmar eczema. This prospective non‐randomized side‐by‐side comparative study included 30 cases of chronic bilateral dry palmar eczema with no associated hyperhidrosis. Combined emollients and topical mid‐potency steroid on one side were compared with an additive 100 units of intradermal BTX‐A on the other side for efficacy and tolerability using both patient‐ and physician‐oriented scores over a period of 6 months. Timing and extent of improvement and relapse were recorded on both sides, together with the frequency of development of side‐effects. Both lines were effective and well tolerated, with significantly greater reduction of symptom and sign scores and higher overall patient satisfaction on the side receiving BTX‐A, an effect which lasted for a significantly longer duration on this side (4 months) as compared with the other side (1 month). In conclusion, intradermal BTX‐A at a dose of 100 units/palm is beneficial and well tolerated in chronic dry palmar eczema. Compared with topical steroid and emollients alone, its addition yielded superior efficacy that was longer lasting and more satisfactory to the patients, while exerting a steroid‐sparing effect.
Spillover of an alien parasite reduces expression of costly behaviour in native host species
Authors: Santicchia Francesca , Wauters Lucas A. , Piscitelli Anna Pia , Van Dongen Stefan , Martinoli Adriano , Preatoni Damiano , Romeo Claudia , Ferrari Nicola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of invasive alien species (IAS) on native host–parasite relationships is of importance for enhancing ecological theory and IAS management. When IAS and their parasite(s) invade a guild, the effects of interspecific resource competition and/or parasite‐mediated competition can alter existing native host–parasite relationships and the dependent biological traits such as native species' behaviour.We used a natural experiment of populations of native red squirrelsSciurus vulgaristhat were colonized by the alien grey squirrelSciurus carolinensis, comparing repeated measurements of red squirrel parasite infection and personality with those taken in sites where only the native species occurred.We explored two alternative hypotheses: (a) individual differences in personality traits (activity and/or sociability) of native red squirrel positively affect the probability of macroparasite spillover and thus the likelihood to acquire the alien's parasitic helminthStrongyloides robustus; (b) the combined effects of grey squirrel presence and parasite infection result in a reduction of costly personality traits (activity and/or exploration).Using data from 323 arena tests across three experimental (native species and IAS) and three control sites (only native species), we found negative correlations between native species' activity and infection withS. robustusin the sites invaded by the alien species. Activity was also negatively correlated with infection by its native helminthTrypanoxyuris sciuribut only when grey squirrels were present, while in the red‐only sites there was no relationship ofT. sciuriinfection with any of the personality traits. Moreover, individuals that acquiredS. robustusduring the study reduced their activity after infection, while this was not the case for animals that remained uninfected.Our results show that parasite‐mediated competition is costly, reducing activity in individuals of the native species, and altering the native host–native parasite relationships.
Mutational landscape and characteristics of ERBB2 in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wei Xue‐Wu , Gao Xin , Zhang Xu‐Chao , Yang Jin‐Ji , Chen Zhi‐Hong , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhou Qing 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundTyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation and particularly exon 20 insertion mutations of ERBB2 have been extensively reported in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the increased accessibility of next‐generation sequencing, more ERBB2 mutations within the non‐TKD can be detected in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of non‐TKD mutations remains unknown. Hence, this study was designed to comprehensively outline the landscape and characteristics of ERBB2 mutations in NSCLC.MethodsA total of 1934 patients with NSCLC from cBioPortal were included in the study. An ERBB2 mutation cohort was identified, while subsequent analyses revealed clinical and genomic characteristics.ResultsThe frequency of ERBB2 mutation was 4.5%, and it was determined to be more likely to occur in never‐smokers. ERBB2 mutations occurring in the non‐TKD accounted for 57.5% of ERBB2 mutations. In the non‐TKD, missense mutation was the most recurrent mutation type, and S310F was the most recurrent mutation variant. ERBB2 mutations within non‐TKD also had a strong oncogenic ability where up to 37.5% of ERBB2 oncogenic mutations were within non‐TKD. The co‐mutation of EGFR or KRAS was higher in the non‐TKD mutation compared to the TKD mutation. Shorter overall survival was observed in ERBB2‐mutant patients compared with ERBB2 wild‐type patients. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with non‐TKD mutations and TKD mutations.ConclusionsThe present study showed that a considerable portion of non‐TKD mutations were oncogenic. ERBB2 mutation was a poor prognostic factor. The non‐TKD mutation might also be used as a therapeutic target in ERBB2‐directed target therapy.Key points• Significant findings of the studyERBB2 mutations were more abundant within a nontyrosine domain than those within the tyrosine domain. Up to 37.5% of ERBB2 oncogenic mutations were within the nontyrosine domain. ERBB2 mutation was a poor prognostic factor.• What this study addsThe frequency of EGFR or KRAS co‐mutations were significantly higher in ERBB2 mutations within the nontyrosine kinase domain compared to ERBB2 mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain. Nontyrosine domain mutations confer equal overall survival to tyrosine domain mutations.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Rocky Mountain Region City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence
Authors: May Philip A. , Hasken Julie M. , Bozeman Rosemary , Jones Jo‐Viviane , Burns Mary Kay , Goodover Joelene , Kalberg Wendy O. , Buckley David , Brooks Marita , Ortega Marian A. , Elliott Amy J. , Hedrick Dixie M. , Tabachnick Barbara G. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar , Adam Margaret P. , Jewett Tamison , Robinson Luther K. , Manning Melanie A. , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo document prevalence and traits of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and maternal risk factors in a Rocky Mountain city.MethodsVariations on active case ascertainment methods were used in 2 first‐grade cohorts in all city schools. The consent rate was 59.2%. Children were assessed for physical growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior and their mothers interviewed.ResultsThirty‐eight children were diagnosed with FASD and compared with 278 typically developing controls. Total dysmorphology scores summarized well the key physical indicators of FASD and defined specific diagnostic groups. On average, children with FASD performed significantly poorer than controls on intellectual, adaptive, learning, attention, and behavioral tasks. More mothers of children with FASD reported drinking prior to pregnancy and in the first and second trimesters, and had partners with drinking problems than mothers of controls; however, reports of comorbid alcohol use and 6 other drugs were similar for mothers of children with FASD and mothers of controls. Mothers of children with FASD were significantly younger at pregnancy, had lower average weight before pregnancy and less education, initiated prenatal clinic visits later, and reported more health problems (e.g., stomach ulcers and accidents). Children with FASD had significantly lower birth weight and more problems at birth, and were less likely to be living with biological mother and father. Controlling for other drug and tobacco use, a FASD diagnosis is 6.7 times (OR = 6.720, 95% CI = 1.6 to 28.0) more likely among children of women reporting prepregnancy drinking of 3 drinks per drinking day (DDD) and 7.6 times (OR = 7.590, 95% CI = 2.0 to 31.5) more likely at 5 DDD. Prevalence of FAS was 2.9–5.8 per 1,000 children, and total FASD was 34.9 to 82.5 per 1,000 children or 3.5 to 8.3% at this site.ConclusionThis site had the second highest prevalence of FASD of the 4 Collaboration on FASD Prevalence sites and clearly identifiable child and maternal risk traits.
Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in cocaine overdose and overdose‐related cardiovascular events
Authors: Manini Alex F. , Gibson Claire L. , Miller Michael L. , Richardson Lynne D. , Vargas‐Torres Carmen C. , Vedanthan Rajesh , Hurd Yasmin L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOverdose of stimulant drugs has been associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE), some of which may be ascribed to endothelial dysfunction. The aims of this study were to evaluate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in emergency department (ED) patients with acute cocaine overdose and to assess the association between in‐hospital ACVE in ED patients with any acute drug overdose. This was a prospective consecutive cohort study over 9 months (2015–2016) at two urban, tertiary‐care hospital EDs. Consecutive adults (≥18 years) presenting with suspected acute drug overdose were eligible and separated into three groups: cocaine (n = 47), other drugs (n = 128), and controls (n = 11). Data were obtained from medical records and linked to waste serum specimens, sent as part of routine clinical care, for biomarker analysis. Serum specimens were collected and analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit for three biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction: (a) endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), (b) regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and (c) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (siCAM‐1). Mean siCAM was elevated for cocaine compared with controls and other drugs (p < .01); however, mean RANTES and ET‐1 levels were not significantly different for any drug exposure groups. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for prediction of in‐hospital ACVE revealed excellent performance of siCAM‐1 (area under curve, 0.86; p < .001) but lack of predictive utility for either RANTES or ET‐1. These results suggest that serum siCAM‐1 is a viable biomarker for acute cocaine overdose and that endothelial dysfunction may be an important surrogate for adverse cardiovascular events following any drug overdose.
Preventing Early‐Onset Group B Streptococcus neonatal infection and reducing antibiotic exposure using a rapid PCR test in term prelabour rupture of membranes
Authors: Wang Mandy , Keighley Caitlin , Watts Matthew , Plymoth Martin , McGee Therese M. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHow best to target intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to minimise both Early‐Onset Group B Streptococcus (EOGBS) neonatal infection and maternal/fetal antibiotic exposure is uncertain, with both routine‐screening and risk‐factor approaches available.AimsThis retrospective cohort study was undertaken to examine the outcomes of a hybrid risk‐and‐screen approach to EOGBS prevention using GBS polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The target population was women with term prelabour rupture of membranes (TermPROM) having the risk factor of prolonged rupture of membranes (ROM) ≥18 h.Materials and MethodsNon‐labouring TermPROM women had rapid GBS PCR testing at presentation. GBS screen‐positive women proceeded to induction of labour and received IAP. GBS screen‐negative women were allowed home to await spontaneous labour and not given IAP regardless of duration of ROM, unless other risk factors developed. For all other women, the risk‐factor approach was followed.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2018, there were 20 cases of culture‐positive EOGBS, a rate of 0.36/1000 live births (95% CI 0.22–0.56/1000), comparable to other recent reports. Over 2010–2018 when laboratory data were available, 1120 TermPROM women with ROM ≥18 h avoided antibiotics because they were GBS PCR‐negative (2.3% of all births, 3.6% of vaginal births) while 338 TermPROM women with ROM <18 h received targeted antibiotics for being GBS‐positive. No cases of EOGBS occurred in TermPROM women, those with ROM ≥18 h, or due to protocol‐compliance failure.ConclusionsA hybrid approach involving risk‐factor‐based IAP and intrapartum GBS PCR screening of non‐labouring TermPROM women delivers acceptably low rates of EOGBS while minimising and better targeting antibiotic exposure.
Resolution of subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda after hepatitis C eradication with direct‐acting anti‐virals
Authors: Sastre Lydia , To‐Figueras Jordi , Lens Sabela , Rodriguez‐Tajes Sergio , Bartres Concepció , Aguilera Paula , Badenas Celia , Oliva Rafael , Pocurull Anna , Forns Xavier , Mariño Zoe 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a risk factor for porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), a rare disease originating in the liver characterised by overproduction of porphyrins. Although hepatitis C infection is highly prevalent among patients with porphyria, only a minority of hepatitis C patients develop PCT.AimsTo explore the presence of porphyrin abnormalities in a cohort of asymptomatic hepatitis C‐infected patients and the impact of anti‐viral therapy.MethodsEighty‐four consecutive patients with HCV infection treated with direct‐acting antivirals after 1 January 2018 were longitudinally evaluated for the presence of porphyrin abnormalities. Those patients with biochemical abnormalities at baseline were additionally evaluated at follow‐up. Porphyrins in urine were screened by fluorometry and isomer separation was performed by liquid chromatography.ResultsIn five patients, all of them asymptomatic, porphyrin profile abnormalities were detected: three presented significant increased urinary porphyrins with a typical PCT profile, and two showed normal levels of urinary porphyrins, but abnormal porphyria‐like profiles. Urine evaluation after hepatitis C cure showed complete normalisation of the urinary porphyrins in all patients, confirming the biochemical cure of the disease.ConclusionsWe document the existence of rare cases of hepatitis C‐infected patients with significant uroporphyrinuria in the absence of dermatological manifestations. Anti‐viral therapy normalises the biochemical disorder, preventing patients from presenting PCT associated complications.
Personal Relative Deprivation and Mental Health Among University Students: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Evidence
Authors: Smith Heather J. , Ryan Desiree A. , Jaurique Alexandria , Duffau Elise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColleges and universities are a unique context in which students encounter similar aged peers from a wide range of economic backgrounds. As emerging adults coping with major life transitions, students may be especially sensitive to upward contrasts with other students who have advantages that they feel they deserve (personal relative deprivation or PRD). We surveyed a population of university students when they were second‐ and third‐year students (N = 309), and 2 years later, when they were fourth‐ and fifth‐year students (N = 400). Increased PRD predicted increased anxiety and depression—even after accounting for students’ access to social support, the degree to which they identified with the university, and their gender, family income, ethnic background, and whether the student was a first‐generation college student. For a third separate sample of students who completed both surveys (N = 168), PRD predicted students’ mental health two years later even after accounting for their earlier anxiety and depression. In all three samples, PRD mediated the relationship between self‐reported family income and mental health. These data indicate that universities and colleges should consider a broad range of interventions and policies that can mitigate the impact of upward social contrasts.
Tender Labor: Transnational Young People and Continuums of Familial Care
Authors: Shaw Jennifer E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs migrant Filipina mothers embark on domestic labor abroad, their children respond in novel and dynamic ways to the work that needs doing within their households. Such work includes caring for siblings and responding to parents’ emotional and marital struggles. This labor emerges from the feminization of the global labor market, which leaves a care slot that young people register and work to fill. Attention to young people’s perspectives on their families and to their enactments of what I call “tender labor” recasts ongoing discussions about care work by highlighting how young people actively participate in the processes of transnational family separation and reunification. A pair of case studies reveals the impact of care extraction in the recesses of domestic life, as children struggle to mitigate the precarity of life for themselves and their loved ones.
The role of hybrid learning spaces in enhancing higher education students’ employability
Authors: Bennett Dawn , Knight Elizabeth , Rowley Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGraduate employment rates and self‐reported employability are increasingly a feature of higher education funding measures. However, graduate outcomes do not denote the whole learning experience of the student nor is the student experience reducible to a single statistic. This paper discusses a design‐centric approach to employability development which was enacted within a hybrid learning space. The study engaged 52 final‐year speech pathology students, their lecturer, the lead researcher and a career practitioner (advisor) at an Australian university. Students first created personalized employability profiles using an established online self‐reflection tool. The online tool produced a personalized report and enabled students to access developmental resources relating to employability and student success. The project team used anonymized student data to transform a previously generic “careers” workshop into a targeted workshop in which students explored individual and cohort findings and participated in developmental activities informed by the data. The initiative’s contribution to learning space research is in its composition as a hybrid learning space in which educators and students engaged as learners and developers of their online learning spaces, and educators collaborated to analyze student data and inform learning and teaching enhancements within the same study period. It is anticipated that the data from subsequent years will inform the curricular review, particularly if subsequent student cohorts express similar concerns. Implications for higher education policy and practice are discussed.