bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and thermal properties of light weight boron‐mullite Al5BO9
Authors: Ren Yixiao , Dai Fu‐Zhi , Xiang Huimin , Wang Xiaohui , Sun Luchao , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAl5BO9 is a promising thermal sealing material for hypersonic vehicles due to its low density, theoretically predicted low shear modulus, and low thermal conductivity. However, experimental investigations on the mechanical and thermal properties of bulk Al5BO9 have not been carried out. Herein, we report the mechanical and thermal properties of bulk Al5BO9 prepared by spark plasma sintering of solid‐state reaction synthesized Al5BO9 powders. The bulk (B), shear (G), and Young's (E) moduli are 148 GPa, 85 GPa, and 214 GPa, respectively, which are close to the theoretical values. The Pugh's ratio G/B is 0.574, indicating its intrinsic damage tolerance, which is also revealed by Hertzian contact test. The Vickers hardness (Hv) is 10.8 GPa, being lower than mullite. The flexural strength, compressive strength, and fracture toughness are, respectively, 277 ± 35 MPa, 814 ± 75 MPa, and 2.4 ± 0.3 MPa·m1/2, which are close to those of mullite. Al5BO9 has anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in three crystallographic directions, ie αa = (4.40 ± 0.21) × 10−6 K−1, αb = (7.11 ± 0.18) × 10−6 K−1, αc = (6.70 ± 0.29) × 10−6 K−1 from Debye temperature to 1473 K, which are underpinned by its structural feature, ie lower αa is resulted from the edge‐shared AlO6 octahedron chains along the [100] direction. The average CTE is (6.05 ± 0.06) × 10−6 K−1. The thermal conductivity declines with temperature as κ = 1336.39/T + 1.97, consisting with predicted trend from Slack's model. The low thermal conductivity and low density guarantee Al5BO9 a promising candidate as ceramic wafer in the seal structure for hypersonic vehicles.
CVD synthesis and characterization of thin Mo2C crystals
Authors: Turker Furkan , Caylan Omer R. , Mehmood Naveed , Kasirga Talip S. , Sevik Cem , Cambaz Buke Goknur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present an investigation on the growth of thin Mo2C crystals via chemical vapor deposition using CH4. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and Raman spectroscopy studies show that the morphology and the thickness of Mo2C crystals are strongly affected by the impurities in the system, the thickness of the copper substrate, and the graphene presence on Cu surface prior to Mo2C formation. Our studies show that during the CVD process, orthorhombic Mo2C crystals grow along the [100] direction on two different regions: directly on Cu surface or on graphene covered regions. Mo2C crystals that form on graphene are found to be thinner and less defective compared to the ones formed on the Cu surface. This is attributed to graphene acting as an additional diffusion barrier for Mo atoms diffusing through the copper. In addition to the graphene beneath the Mo2C crystal, Raman studies indicate that graphene may grow also on top of the Mo2C crystal, forming a graphene/Mo2C/graphene sandwich structure which may offer interesting properties for electronic applications.
Effects of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation on urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hou Wen‐Hsuan , Lin Pi‐Chu , Lee Pi‐Hsia , Wu Jeng‐Cheng , Tai Ting‐En , Chen Su‐Ru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the effectiveness of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for treatment of stress urinary incontinence.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data resourcesFour electronic databases from inception to 18 May 2019.Review methodsTwo authors independently performed the search, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data. The final studies included in the analysis were selected after reaching consensus with the third author.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review and 12 of these in the meta‐analysis. Quality assessment indicated that only 8 of 17 randomized controlled trials had low risk in overall risk of bias, whereas all controlled trials had serious risk of bias. The weighted mean effect size of magnetic stimulation on quality of life, number of leakages, pad test outcomes, and number of incontinence events was 1.045 (95% CI: 0.409–1.681), −0.411 (95% CI: 0.178–0.643), −0.290 (95% CI: 0.025–0.556), and −0.747 (95% CI: −1.122 to −0.372), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in the type of quality of life measurement used. Sensitivity analyses revealed that a high degree of heterogeneity persisted even after omitting studies individually.ConclusionsExtracorporeal magnetic stimulation may be effective in treating urinary incontinence and improving quality of life without major safety concerns. However, because of a high degree of heterogeneity among studies, inferences from the results must be made with caution.ImpactWe recommend that clinical nurses apply extracorporeal magnetic stimulation to treat stress urinary incontinence among female patients and encourage researchers to conduct further qualitative and quantitative studies to develop consistent content and dosage for the intervention.Study registrationThe review protocol was registered a priori and published online in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero with the registration number #CRD42019138835).
Clustering clinical learning environment and mentoring perceptions of nursing and midwifery students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Saukkoriipi Mari , Tuomikoski Anna‐Maria , Sivonen Pirkko , Kärsämänoja Taina , Laitinen Arja , Tähtinen Tanja , Kääriäinen Maria , Kuivila Heli‐Maria , Juntunen Jonna , Tomietto Marco , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore nursing and midwifery students’ evaluation of the clinical learning environment and mentoring and to identify distinct student profiles relating to their perceptions.DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional design.SettingsThe study population included nursing and midwifery students in a university hospital in Finland.ParticipantsAll nursing and midwifery students who completed their clinical placement were invited to take part in the study in the academic year 2017–2018.MethodsThe data (N = 2,609) were gathered through an online survey using the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale. The data were analysed using a K‐mean cluster algorithm to identify nursing and midwifery students’ profiles.ResultsThe findings from this study indicate four distinct profiles (A, B, C, & D) of nursing and midwifery students in relation to the clinical learning environment and mentoring. Profile A (N = 1,352) students evaluated their clinical learning environment and mentoring to the highest level (mean varied from 9.44–8.38); and Profile D (N = 151)‐ to the lowest (mean varied from 5.93–4.00).ConclusionThe findings highlight that nursing and midwifery students evaluate their clinical learning environment and mentoring more highly when: they have a named mentor, student and mentor discuss learning goals, there is a final assessment in clinical learning, the mentor's guidance skills support student learning, the clinical learning supports the student's professional development and pre‐clinical teaching in an educational institution supports learning in the clinical placement.ImpactClinical learning plays an important role in nurse and midwifery education. Mentoring of clinical practice was shown to have a great influence on students’ perceptions of their success in clinical learning. We suggest that clinical practice should be strengthened by the building of collaboration between nursing teachers and registered nurses.
Effectiveness of a life story intervention for adults with intellectual disability and depressive and trauma‐related complaints
Authors: Beernink Janny , Westerhof Gerben J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeople with intellectual disability have a higher chance of developing mental disorders than the general population. Yet, few evidence‐based interventions exist. This article evaluates My Lifestory, a narrative intervention tailored to people with intellectual disability and depressive or trauma‐related complaints.MethodA quasi‐experimental research design was adopted with an experimental condition (My Lifestory) and a matched control condition (care as usual). Measurements took place before the intervention, at the end of the intervention and at follow‐up two months later. Measurements focused on psychiatric complaints, well‐being, life satisfaction, mastery, and purpose in life.ResultsParticipants in the intervention condition improved more in psychiatric complaints, well‐being, life satisfaction, and purpose in life, but not in mastery, than participants in the control condition. Effect sizes were large in the intervention condition and small in the control condition.DiscussionDespite some limitations, this study adds to the evidence base of this narrative intervention.
Upregulation of Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen like 1 promotes gastric cancer growth and metastasis by regulating multiple matrix metallopeptidase expression
Authors: Shan Zhi‐Guo , Sun Zhen‐Wei , Zhao Li‐Qun , Gou Qiang , Chen Zhi‐Fu , Zhang Jin‐Yu , Chen Weisan , Su Chong‐Yu , You Nan , Zhuang Yuan , Zhao Yong‐Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimTubulointerstitial nephritis antigen‐like 1 (TINAGL1), as a novel matricellular protein, has been demonstrated to participate in cancer progression, whereas the potential function of TINAGL1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown.MethodsThe expression pattern of TINAGL1 in GC was examined by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Correlation between TINAGL1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was analyzed by the GEPIA website and Kaplan–Meier plots database. The lentivirus‐based TINAGL1 knockdown, CCK‐8, and transwell assays were used to test the function of TINAGL1 in vitro. The role of TINAGL1 was confirmed by subcutaneous xenograft, abdominal dissemination, and lung metastasis model. Microarray experiments, ELISA, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were used to identify molecular mechanism.ResultsTINAGL1 was increased in GC tumor tissues and associated with poor patient survival. Moreover, TINAGL1 significantly promoted GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as facilitated GC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. TINAGL1 expression in GC cells was accompanied with increasing MMPs including MMP2, MMP9, MMP11, MMP14, and MMP16. GEPIA database revealed that these MMPs were correlated with TINAGL1 in GC tumors and that the most highly expressed MMP was MMP2. Mechanically, TINAGL1 regulated MMP2 through the JNK signaling pathway activation.ConclusionsOur data highlight that TINAGL1 promotes GC growth and metastasis and regulates MMP2 expression, indicating that TINAGL1 may serve as a therapeutic target for GC.
Temperature, fluid content and rheology of localized ductile shear zones in subsolidus cooling plutons
Authors: Ceccato Alberto , Goncalves Philippe , Pennacchioni Giorgio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTemperature and fluid content are critical parameters that control rock rheology and strain localization in the continental crust. Here, we determine by thermodynamic modelling the of localized ductile shearing during cooling of three different granitoid plutons: the Rieserferner and the Adamello plutons in the Italian Alps, and the Lake Edison pluton in the Sierra Nevada—USA. Shear zones exploited precursor joints, associated veins and alteration zones. and P−T phase diagram sections were computed with Perple_X in the system MnO−Na2O−CaO −K2O−FeO−MgO−Al2O3−SiO2−H2O−Fe2O3. The phase diagram sections show that the nucleation of the brittle precursors (joints, veins) occurred at T» 450°C at fluid‐saturated conditions. Localized ductile shearing likely occurred at temperature ranging between 420 and 460°C evolving from initially fluid‐saturated to fluid‐undersaturated conditions in a closed system. In this temperature range, granitoid rocks are potentially subject to a series of retrograde metamorphic reactions replacing the load‐bearing feldspars with weaker phyllosilicates. Metamorphic reactions occurred in spatial association with the precursory structures, leading to localized shearing. Decreasing temperature and fluid‐undersaturated conditions likely hampered progressive strain accommodation in shear zones by slowing down metamorphic reactions, thermally activated dislocation creep processes, fluid‐mediated deformation mechanisms and weakening mechanisms. Polyphase granitoid ultramylonite and mylonitic quartz veins have been affected differently by the fluid‐undersaturated conditions of the system, as consequence of different dominant deformation mechanisms and syn‐kinematic paragenesis during localized shearing. Localized ductile shearing in cooling plutons effectively occurs in a limited temperature range (420–460°C) in which the strain accommodation capacity of the shear zone is controlled by the negative feedback between the cooling rate, the kinetics of metamorphic reactions and deformation mechanisms, and the consumption of the limited amount of available fluids.
Effective laser treatment options for argyria: Review of literatures
Authors: Almurayshid Abdurrahman , Park Sujin , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundArgyria results from silver accumulation in the skin. It is a stressful condition for patients due to skin discoloration. In the past, no effective treatments were available. However, it has been recently reported laser treatments showed promising results.AimTo review and summarize all reported laser treatment options for argyria patients.MethodsWe reviewed all laser treatment options for argyria in the database of the US National Library of Medicine PubMed. The search of the words “argyria and laser” was performed on the March 4, 2020.ResultsWe found 11 studies that reported laser treatment for argyria. All of the studies were case reports demonstrating treatment responses of laser devices such as 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser and 755 nm alexandrite laser. Despite various treatment parameters, 1064 nm Nd:Yag and alexandrite lasers showed good responses in argyria. However, severe pain during the laser procedure was the main concern. We summarized laser treatment options for argyria including their parameters, treatment response, and anesthesia for laser treatment in argyria. We also report a case of argyria, which successfully responded to low fluence 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser.ConclusionLaser therapies resulted in almost complete clearing of pigment in argyria. Earlier reports showed that 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser successfully treated argyria but recent studies suggested 755 nm alexandrite was also a good treatment option for argyria. Additionally, our case achieved excellent results even in one session of low fluence Q‐switched Nd:Yag laser, though we need to ensure pain control during the laser treatment.
Relationship between tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b and stress fractures in female athletes
Authors: Nose‐Ogura Sayaka , Yoshino Osamu , Dohi Michiko , Torii Suguru , Kigawa Mika , Harada Miyuki , Hiraike Osamu , Kawahara Takashi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 10% of female athletes have a history of stress fractures, which most commonly occur between the ages of 16 and 17 years old.PurposeWe investigated whether tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b), which is a bone resorption marker, can serve as a valid predictor of stress fractures in female athletes in their teens and 20s.MethodsThree hundred and sixteen elite female athletes were recruited between 2013 and 2015. Serum TRACP‐5b and various hormones were examined in blood samples. The serum TRACP‐5b level was compared between athletes with and without stress fractures within 3 months after the initial collection of their blood samples.ResultsThe 316 athletes were divided into two age groups: 13–19 years old and 20–29 years old. Thirty‐six athletes (11.4%) experienced new stress fractures within 3 months after the initial collection of their blood samples. The median serum TRACP‐5b level was significantly higher in teenage athletes with new stress fractures than in teenage athletes without new stress fractures. In univariate logistic regression analysis, the Z‐score of serum TRACP‐5b was a significant predictive factor of stress fractures in teenage athletes only (odds ratio: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.31–2.66; P < 0.0012).ConclusionFor teenage female athletes, TRACP‐5b is a predictor of the risk of stress fractures, and measuring TRACP‐5b levels may be useful to prevent stress fractures.
Central mechanisms of pain in orofacial pain patients: Implications for management
Authors: Jessri Maryam , Sultan Ahmed S. , Tavares Tiffany , Schug Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization (CS) is a form of neuroplasticity characterized by changes in the neural sensitivity, responsiveness, and/or output that are not contingent on peripheral input nor activity‐dependent. CS is characterized by activation of unmyelinated C‐fibers resulting in a cascade of events at molecular and cellular levels which eventuate into generation of synaptic currents at rest. CS, therefore, contributes to heightened generalized pain sensitivity, further complicates the process of reaching a diagnosis, and increases the possibility of treatment failure.BodyTrigeminal nerve is the main sensory supplier of the anterior part of the head, including the intraoral structures. Primary afferent nociceptors of the trigeminal nerve and low threshold mechanoreceptors synapse with wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the pons. This multifaceted network of nerve interactions which is further complicated by the modulatory circuits that can suppress or heighten the activity of WDR neurons is one of the main contributors to CS. The importance of CS in orofacial pain disorders is emphasized in the context of chronic pain development. As for all chronic pain conditions, it is crucial to consider the biopsychosocial aspects of chronic orofacial pain in managing this diverse group of conditions. This review highlights current understanding of the biopsychosocial model and central mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic orofacial pain.
Brain Plasticity in Adulthood—ERP Evidence for L1‐attrition in Lexicon and Morphosyntax After Predominant L2 Use
Authors: Steinhauer Karsten , Kasparian Kristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the early 2000s, neurocognitive research on second language (L2) acquisition has been controversial as to how plastic the human brain is after puberty. Recent studies have extended this debate to first language loss (L1 attrition). This article gives an overview of the first event‐related brain potential (ERP) studies on L1 attrition and L2 learning and discusses their implications for our understanding of the bilingual brain. We will address the highly controversial question of whether L1 morphosyntax is subject to attrition in adult migrants. One previous ERP study on grammatical gender in German migrants failed to find such effects. However, ERP work on grammatical structures in English‐dominant Italian attriters demonstrated that they perceived a grammatical sentence in their L1 as ungrammatical if it violated the L2 grammar. These data suggest that the adult brain remains plastic for both L2 and L1.
The Role of Case Marking and Word Order in Cross‐Linguistic Structural Priming in Late L2 Acquisition
Authors: Muylle Merel , Bernolet Sarah , Hartsuiker Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral studies found cross‐linguistic structural priming with various language combinations. Here, we investigated the role of two important domains of language variation: case marking and word order, for transitive and ditransitive structures. We varied these features in an artificial language learning paradigm, using three different artificial language versions in a between‐subjects design. Priming was assessed between Dutch (no overt case marking, SVO word order) and a) an SVO order version, b) a case marking version, and c) an SOV order version. Similar within‐language and cross‐linguistic priming was found in all versions for transitives, indicating that cross‐linguistic structural priming was not hindered. In contrast, for ditransitives we found similar within‐language priming for all versions, but no cross‐linguistic priming. The finding that cross‐linguistic priming is possible between languages that vary in morphological marking or word order, is compatible with studies showing cross‐linguistic priming between natural languages that differ on these dimensions.
Endogenous public and private leadership with diverging social and private marginal costs
Authors: Haraguchi Junichi , Matsumura Toshihiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate endogenous timing in a mixed duopoly with price competition and different social versus private marginal costs. We find that any equilibrium timing patterns—Bertrand, Stackelberg with private leadership, Stackelberg with public leadership, and multiple Stackelberg equilibria—emerge. When the foreign ownership share in a private firm is less than 50%, public leadership is more likely to emerge than private leadership. Conversely, private leadership can emerge in a unique equilibrium when the foreign ownership share in a private firm is large. These results may explain recent policy changes in public financial institutions in Japan. We also find there is a nonmonotonic relationship between the welfare advantage of public and private leadership and the difference between social and private marginal costs for a private firm. A nonmonotonic relationship does not emerge in profit ranking. Similar results are obtained under quantity competition, although some properties are different.
Body size dissatisfaction associated with dietary pattern, overweight, and physical activity in adolescents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tebar William R. , Gil Fernanda C. S. , Scarabottolo Catarina C. , Codogno Jamile S. , Fernandes Romulo A. , Christofaro Diego G. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study analyzed the association of body size dissatisfaction with body mass index, dietary pattern, and physical activity in adolescents. A sample of 1074 participants between 10 and 17 years of age was recruited. Body size dissatisfaction was assessed with the silhouettes' scale. Dietary pattern, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were assessed with questionnaires. Body mass index was measured objectively. The prevalence of body size dissatisfaction was 77.0%, where 29.8% desired to increase body size and 47.2% desired to decrease body size. Adolescents who desired to increase body size were more likely to consume vegetables and sweets and less likely to be in the highest quartile of physical activity than satisfied adolescents. Adolescents who desired to reduce body size were more likely to report lower fruit and vegetable consumption than satisfied adolescents. Health actions aiming to reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescents should address improvement in dietary pattern and physical activity engagement, considering that desires to increase or decrease body size were differently associated in this study.