bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphologic features of thyroid disease in patients with DICER1 mutations: A report of cytology–histopathology correlation in 7 patients
Authors: Darbinyan Armine , Morotti Raffaella , Cai Guoping , Prasad Manju Lata , Christison‐Lagay Emily , Dinauer Catherine , Adeniran Adebowale J. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGermline and somatic mutations of DICER1 have been identified in various types of neoplastic lesions, with germline DICER1 mutation being linked to autosomal dominant hereditary pleiotropic tumor syndrome (DICER1 syndrome). Patients with DICER1 syndrome are at increased risk of developing thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The goal of this study was to identify diagnostic cytologic features in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples from patients with DICER1 mutation.MethodsCytology cases of thyroid FNA from 7 patients with DICER1 mutation were identified. Clinical, imaging, cytomorphologic, and molecular data were analyzed.ResultsCytologic preparations from reviewed cases showed thyroid lesions of follicular derivation with scant colloid, moderate cellularity, uniform follicular cells with round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli arranged in small crowded groups and microfollicles. Follicular neoplasm was diagnosed in 4 cases and follicular lesion of undetermined significance in 3 cases, based on the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Histopathological analysis of thyroid tissue confirmed neoplastic process in 6 out of 7 cases: follicular carcinoma (FC, 3 cases), papillary thyroid carcinoma (2 cases), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC, 1 case). Genetic studies identified 3 different somatic variants of DICER1 gene, including transcript consequence c.5428G>T, which was detected in FC and PDTC (and has been described previously in multinodular goiter).ConclusionDICER1 mutation in all analyzed patients was identified as a result of thyroid FNA evaluation, emphasizing the critical role of FNA in the screening of patients with thyroid nodules, proper diagnosis of thyroid disease, and monitoring of patients with DICER1 mutation.
Age and shock severity predict mortality in cardiac intensive care unit patients with and without heart failure
Authors: Padkins Mitchell , Breen Thomas , Anavekar Nandan , van Diepen Sean , Henry Timothy D. , Baran David A. , Barsness Gregory W. , Kashani Kianoush , Holmes David R. , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsAge is an important risk factor for mortality among patients with cardiogenic shock and heart failure (HF). We sought to assess the extent to which age modified the performance of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) shock stage for in‐hospital and 1 year mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients with and without HF.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively reviewed unique admissions to the Mayo Clinic CICU during 2007–2015 and stratified patients by age and SCAI shock stage. The association between age and in‐hospital mortality was analysed using multivariable logistic regression, and 1 year mortality was analysed using Cox proportional hazards analysis, both in the entire cohort and among patients with an admission diagnosis of HF or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The final study population included 10 004 unique patients with a mean age of 67 ± 15 years, including 46.1% with HF and 43.1% with ACS. Older patients more frequently had HF and had more extensive co‐morbidities, higher illness severity, more organ failure, and differential use of critical care therapies. The percentage of patients with SCAI shock stages A, B, C, D, and E were 46%, 30%, 16%, 7%, and 1%, respectively. Patients with HF were older, had greater severity of illness and higher SCAI shock stage, and had higher rates of death at all time points. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 908 (9%) patients, including 549 (12%) patients with HF (61% of all hospital deaths). Age was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio per 10 years 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.4, P < 0.001) and 1 year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.3, P < 0.001) in the overall cohort. The associations of age with both hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.6 vs. 1.3 per 10 years older) and 1 year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.5 vs. 1.3 per 10 years older) were higher for patients with ACS compared with patients with HF. Older age was associated with higher adjusted hospital mortality and 1 year mortality in each SCAI shock stage (all P < 0.05). Additive increases in both hospital mortality and 1 year mortality were observed with increasing age and SCAI shock stage.ConclusionsAge is an independent risk factor for mortality that modifies the relationship between the SCAI shock stage and mortality risk in CICU patients, providing robust risk stratification for in‐hospital and 1 year mortality. Although patients with HF had a higher risk of dying, age was more strongly associated with mortality among patients with ACS.
Evaluation of efficiency enhancement in Iran Health Insurance Organization: a policy brief for pharmaceutical cost containment
Authors: Yousefi Nazila , Polroudi Moghaddam Mahyar , Afsharmanesh Gita , Peiravian Farzad 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundRapid increasing pharmaceutical spending on the one hand and limited budgets on the other hand are problems confronting health expenditure. Policymakers have realized that without the negative effect on quality of care, they can control pharmaceutical spending.MethodsThe study methodology involved a targeted review of the literature on cost containment policies, their implementation issues, advantages, and disadvantages.Then, all proposed strategies were investigated through interviewing insurance experts. Finally, these policies were prioritized with respect to their adherence to the main issues of performance.ResultsConsidering implementation costs, durability, and feasibility, six policy options have been proposed as follows: stopping non‐prescription medicine reimbursement, using a tiered‐coinsurance mechanism, establishing prescription‐guidelines, implementing cost‐effectiveness‐studies, employing scientific bargaining methods, and using different levels of reference pricing.ConclusionsDespite the possibility of some physicians' resistance, preparing prescription guidelines and their gradual enforcement is considered as the first choice. Next, it seems that reference pricing is the most feasible policy. It is in spite of some confusion and dissatisfaction, which might arise due to lack of knowledge and an increase in out‐of‐pocket expenses. Then, all pricing methods, including cost‐effectiveness studies and internal and external reference pricing, should be used as negotiation leverage with pharmaceutical companies. Afterward, stopping non‐prescription medicine reimbursement should be implemented by good media communication in view of its effects on a wide range of population. Finally, implementation of tiered‐coinsurance mechanism should be considered with special attention to some inherent technical complexity.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Hypertension Patients: A Myocardial MR Strain Study
Authors: He Jian , Sirajuddin Arlene , Li Shuang , Zhuang Baiyan , Xu Jing , Zhou Di , Wu Weichun , Sun Xiaoxin , Fan Xiaohan , Ji Keshan , Chen Lin , Zhao Shihua , Arai Andrew E. , Lu Minjie 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDespite current recommendations for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), few studies have demonstrated the ability of MRI to identify subtle functional differences between HFpEF with essential hypertension (HFpEF‐HTN) patients and hypertension patients (HTN).PurposeThis study aimed to detect and evaluate HFpEF in patients with HTN using feature‐tracking (FT) and to ascertain optimal strain cutoffs for the diagnosis of HFpEF‐HTN.Study TypeRetrospective study.PopulationThree groups (84 with HFpEF‐HTN; 72 with HTN; and 70 healthy controls).Field Strength1.5T, steady‐state free precession (SSFP), and half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequences.AssessmentAll patients underwent laboratory testing and imaging protocols (echocardiography and MRI). FT‐derived left ventricular (LV) strain and strain rate (SR) were measured and compared among the three groups with adjustment for confounding factors.Statistical TestsKolmogorov–Smirnov's test, independent‐sample t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, area under the receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and logistic regression.ResultsCompared to 72 HTN patients and 70 healthy controls, HFpEF‐HTN patients (84 patients) demonstrated significantly impaired LV strains (except for global peak systolic radial strain, GRS, P < 0.05 for all). Only LV global peak systolic longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in HTN patients vs. controls (P < 0.05). The global peak systolic circumferential SR (sGCSR) showed the highest diagnostic value for the differentiation of HFpEF‐HTN patients from HTN patients (AUC, 0.731; cutoff value, −1.11/s; sensitivity, 56.0%; specificity, 84.7%). Only global peak early diastolic longitudinal SR (eGLSR) remained independently associated with a diagnosis of HFpEF‐HTN in multilogistic analysis. The major strain parameters significantly correlated with LV ejection fraction, end‐systolic volume index, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.05 for all) and also demonstrated differences between NYHA functional class.Data ConclusionHFpEF‐HTN patients suffer from both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. FT‐derived strain parameters have potential value for the diagnosis and risk stratification of HFpEF‐HTN patients.Level of Evidence 3.Technical Efficacy Stage 2.
Photopatterning of Azobenzene‐Containing Liquid Crystalline Triblock Copolymers: Light‐Induced Anisotropy and Photostabilization
Authors: Audia Biagio , Bugakov Miron A. , Boiko Natalia I. , Pagliusi Pasquale , Cipparrone Gabriella , Shibaev Valery P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotochromic liquid crystalline block copolymers (PLCBCs) are currently playing a significant role as light‐responsive materials because of their light controllable features over multiple length scales. Herein, a study of the photoinduced optical anisotropy derived by the combination of orientation phenomena at molecular and supramolecular levels in a novel kind of side‐chain PLCBCs with mesogenic phenyl benzoate groups and pyridine units that is hydrogen bonded with azobenzene‐containing phenol is reported. Based on the polymeric architectures and composition, the supramolecular configuration self‐organizes in different microphases that affect the material response to the external stimuli. Simple, 1D, polarization holograms are recorded to evaluate the photoinduced birefringence. The first step, light patterning, involves the orientation of the azobenzene units and precedes a thermal treatment that amplifies the induced anisotropy through the cooperative orientation of the mesogenic units. By selective extraction, the azobenzene units can be removed, making the material transparent to the visible light. Excellent photostability of the material birefringence is obtained, whose final value is strongly affected by the block copolymer's architecture. The versatility in the molecular design, the fine control of the photoinduced features by external parameters, and, finally, the possibility to achieve photostability make these materials of great potential for developing optical and photonic devices.
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by antimuscarinic agents among adult females receiving care in the military health system
Authors: Selig Daniel J. , Brown Aaron J. , DeLuca Jesse P. , Kress Adrian T. , Livezey Jeffrey R. , Oliver Thomas G. , Por Elaine D. , Thelus Jean Rosenie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore patterns of antimuscarinic medication as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of females 18 years or older within the Military Health System from 2006 to 2016. Administrative and claims data were used to select patients who initiated therapy with tolterodine, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, or trospium. Patients with no documented history of T2DM were followed for the occurrence of T2DM, the end of the study or loss of eligibility. Rates of T2DM were calculated for the overall population, by duration of therapy and by individual drugs. Crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards were calculated to assess differences by duration of use and specific muscarinic antagonist.ResultsOver 2.6 million antimuscarinic prescriptions were dispensed to 241 829 females (mean age/SD, 62 ± 18 years). Patients exposed to M3 selective antagonists had highest risk of developing T2DM compared to those exposed to nonselective antagonists. Using oxybutynin, a nonselective antagonist as a comparator, adjusted rate ratios of T2DM were 57% (HR 1.57, 95%CI 1.48‐1.67) and 29% (HR 1.29, 95%CI 1.24‐1.35) significantly higher for darifenacin and solifenacin, respectively (both M3 selective).ConclusionsWe found exposure to M3 selective antagonists darifenacin and solifenacin had the highest risk of developing T2DM compared to nonselective antagonist oxybutynin. This is supported by well described physiologic mechanisms and may allow for more informed prescribing decisions, particularly if minimizing risk of T2DM is a priority.
Conditional mean‐ and median‐based cumulative sum control charts for Weibull data
Authors: Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Ali Sajid , Shah Ismail , Butt Muhammad Moeen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the monitoring of censored data using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts for Weibull lifetimes under type‐I censoring. To develop an efficient CUSUM structure for censored data, we use the conditional expected value (CEV) and conditional median (CM) approaches. In particular, we focus on the detection of shifts in the mean of Weibull lifetimes assuming censored data. In addition to fixed/known parameter values, the effect of estimation is assessed on the detection power of control charts. The performance of the proposed charts is evaluated by the average run length (ARL). Furthermore, the ARL performance of CUSUM charts is compared with CEV‐ and CM‐based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts. Besides an extensive simulation study, the significance of the current work is illustrated by a data set on the response time of a thermostat experiment.
Dynamic homogenization approach for in‐plane and out‐of‐plane linear vibration analysis of masonry wall structures
Authors: Atailia Sarra , Meftah Sid Ahmed , Fouchal Fazia , Laib Salah‐eddine 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the present paper, a constitutive viscoelastic model for periodic masonry structures is proposed. Using a dynamic homogenization approach of the continuous and discrete‐based model leads to the determination of the anisotropic material properties by assigning the fictitious stress and strains of the homogeneous cell masonry unit. These properties are defined as complex moduli, which consist of real parts representing elastic stiffness and imaginary ones referring to energy dissipations. The advantage of the proposed model is that the damping properties associated to different modes of vibrations can be easily evaluated. Numerical and parametric investigations are conducted that reveal the capabilities of the model to an accurate prediction of the dynamic properties of the masonry walls mainly under both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane vibrations.
Ludwig Föppl and Gerhard Schubert: Unknown classics of contact mechanics
Authors: Popova Elena , Popov Valentin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAt the beginning of 1941, Professor Ludwig Föppl published an eight‐page paper “Elastische Beanspruchung des Erdbodens unter Fundamenten” (Elastic stress in the ground under foundations). It was further developed by his doctoral student Gerhard Schubert and led to a publication by Schubert in 1942, which contains many results obtained by researchers in contact mechanics in the subsequent decades of the 20th century and would make many of these efforts unnecessary… if it had become known. Unfortunately, both papers have been forgotten, which is not particularly surprising considering the years when they appeared (1941–1942), the language (German), as well as the location of the publisher (Munich). Yet, these are true classic works that are still very worth reading, not just as historical artifacts, but also in terms of content. It is most regrettable that this excellent work, which in itself nearly represents a small “handbook of contact mechanics”, remained essentially unknown for a long time and has only been “rediscovered” in recent years. The present paper provides a historical background and a guideline to the mentioned works by Föppl and Schubert, followed by a complete English translation of Schubert's paper.
Non-perturbative renormalization scheme for the C P -odd three-gluon operator
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Mereghetti Emanuele , Stoffer Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We define a regularization-independent momentum-subtraction scheme for the C P -odd three-gluon operator at dimension six. This operator appears in effective field theories for heavy physics beyond the Standard Model, describing the indirect effect of new sources of C P-violation at low energies. In a hadronic context, it induces permanent electric dipole moments. The hadronic matrix elements of the three-gluon operator are non-perturbative objects that should ideally be evaluated with lattice QCD. We define a non-perturbative renormalization scheme that can be implemented on the lattice and we compute the scheme transformation to $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

at one loop. Our calculation can be used as an interface to future lattice-QCD calculations of the matrix elements of the three-gluon operator, in order to obtain theoretically robust constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model from measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment.
Chirurgische Techniken in der Therapie des Basalzellkarzinoms – eine prospektive Untersuchung
Authors: Kofler Lukas , Häfner Hans-Martin , Schulz Claudia , Eichner Martin , Kofler Katrin , Schnabl Saskia Maria , Breuninger Helmut 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Basalzellkarzinome sind die häufigsten epithelialen Hauttumoren und eine häufige Indikation für dermatologische Eingriffe. Trotz der Etablierung medikamentöser Therapieoptionen stellt die Operation weiterhin die Therapie der Wahl dar. Hierbei stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, die von der Kürettage bis hin zu komplexen dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen reichen. Neben dem Hauptaspekt der geringen lokalen Rezidivraten sind auch ästhetische Faktoren und die Anzahl der Eingriffe für die Wahl der Therapie wichtig.

Methoden
In dieser Studie wurden 347 Patienten mit 398 Basalzellkarzinomen (nodulärer Typ, Durchmesser bis 10 mm) prospektiv untersucht. Die Patienten wurden randomisiert in 2 Behandlungsarme eingeteilt: In einer Gruppe wurden die Tumoren kürettiert, in der anderen Gruppe exzidiert. Als Kontrolle dienten Patienten, die im gleichen Untersuchungszeitraum 3‑D-histologisch kontrolliert operiert wurden.

Ergebnisse
Die höchste lokale Rezidivrate wurde nach der Kürettage (14,0 %) beobachtet, während die Gruppe mit 3‑D-Histologie die niedrigste Rezidivrate (0,9 %; p < 0,001) aufwies. In der 3‑D-Gruppe waren mehr Re-Exzisionen erforderlich, um eine vollständige Entfernung des Tumors zu erreichen, als in der Gruppe mit histologischen Serienschnitten. Die Patienten bewerteten das ästhetische Ergebnis am besten nach der Kürettage. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 3,9 Jahre.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Wahl der chirurgischen Therapie bei kleinen nodulären Basalzellkarzinomen hängt von den individuellen Gegebenheiten ab. 3‑D-histologisch kontrollierte Exzisionen mit Wundverschluss nach vollständiger Tumorentfernung zeigten in unserer Studie die geringste Rezidivrate. Aber auch die Kürettage stellt eine mögliche chirurgische Therapieoption mit minimalem Aufwand und einer akzeptablen Rezidivrate dar, die zu guten ästhetischen Ergebnissen führen kann.
Die chirurgische Therapie der benignen Prostataobstruktion (BPO) beim antikoagulierten Patienten: eine Übersichtsarbeit über die Blutungsrisiken etablierter Techniken
Authors: Deininger S. , Herrmann T. , Schönburg S. , Törzsök P. , Kunit T. , Lusuardi L. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei einer alternden Gesellschaft ist mit einer Zunahme der therapiebedürftigen benignen Prostataobstruktion (BPO) zu rechnen, auch der Anteil an Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Komorbiditäten unter Antikoagulation steigt an. Hier kann die operative Therapie der BPO problematisch sein. Die blutstillende Wirkung der Techniken ist von besonderer Bedeutung.

Fragestellung
Die folgende Übersichtsarbeit diskutiert die Datenlage zum Blutungsrisiko etablierter operativer Techniken und die Stellungnahme der EAU-Leitlinie „EAU Guidelines on Management of Non-Neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract symptoms (LUTS) incl. Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO)“ zu diesem Thema.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine Datenanalyse aus PubMed erstellt.

Ergebnisse
Die EAU-Leitlinie gibt der transurethralen Vaporisation der Prostata mittels Greenlight‑, Thulium- oder Diodenlaser und der Enukleation mittels Holmium- oder Thuliumlaser bei diesem Patientengut den Vorzug. Die bipolare ist der monopolaren transurethralen Resektion der Prostata (TURP) bei der Blutstillung überlegen. Die bipolare Enukleation der Prostata (BipoLEP) kann bei guter Hämostase zukünftig eine Alternative darstellen. Neuere minimal-invasive Techniken wie Urolift® (NeoTract, Pleasanton, USA), I‑TIND© (MediTate, Or-Akiva, Israel) und Rezūm™ (Boston Scientific, Boston, USA) zeigen ein geringes Blutungsrisiko, dies gilt auch für die Prostataarterienembolisation. Nicht geeignet erscheint die Aquaablation/AquaBeam® bei häufigen Nachblutungen. Die chirurgische Adenomektomie kann mit hoher Blutungsgefahr verbunden sein.

Schlussfolgerung
Transurethrale Laservaporisation und -enukleation der Prostata sind die Therapie der Wahl beim antikoagulierten Patienten, jedoch haben auch andere transurethrale Techniken, wie die BipoLEP, ein akzeptables Blutungsrisiko und können je nach lokalen Ressourcen eine Alternative darstellen. Neuere minimal-invasive Ansätze können zukünftig mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen.
Cichoń’s diagram and localisation cardinals
Authors: Goldstern Martin , Klausner Lukas Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe reimplement the creature forcing construction used by Fischer et al. (Arch Math Log 56(7–8):1045–1103, 2017. 10.1007/S00153-017-0553-8. arXiv:1402.0367 [math.LO]) to separate Cichoń’s diagram into five cardinals as a countable support product. Using the fact that it is of countable support, we augment our construction by adding uncountably many additional cardinal characteristics, sometimes referred to as localisation cardinals.