bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Perspective on the Proactive and Reactive Controls of Executive Function in Chronic Stroke Patients.
Authors: Yu Qiuhua , Huang Xiaomin , Zhang Baofeng , Li Zhicheng , Zhang Tao , Hu Ziwei , Ding Minghui , Liang Zhenwen , Lo Wai Leung Ambrose 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesExecutive function is considered to be a main factor that affects the rehabilitation outcome in people with stroke. The proactive and reactive control process required when executing a complex task remains unclear in patients with stroke. MethodsSeventeen patients with chronic stroke and seventeen healthy individuals were recruited. Proactive and reactive controls of executive function were assessed the by the task-switching paradigm and the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). General executive functions was assessed by the Color Trial Test (CTT) and Stroop Test. The behavioral data of the task-switching paradigm were analyzed by a three-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and the AX-CPT data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsFor efficiency scores in task switching paradigm, trial×group interaction effect was significant (p=0.006). Post hoc analysis on trial×group effect showed no significant between-trial difference in accuracy rate in the stroke group (p=0.187), whereas the accuracy rates in the repeat trial was significantly higher than the switch trial in the control group regardless of 100% or 50% validity (p<0.001). Participants in the stroke group had lower accuracy rates than the controls in both repeat (p=0.002) and switch trials (p=0.068). For the AX-CPT, the main effects of condition (p<0.001) and group (p=0.005) on response time were statistically significant. The interaction effect of condition×group was also significant (p=0.044). Post hoc analysis for condition×group indicated that the stroke groups had a significantly longer response time in the BX condition than the control group (p<0.001). The stroke cohort showed significantly longer completion time in CTT2 (p<0.001) and larger word interference for completion time in Stroop test (p=0.029) than the control cohort. The response time in BX condition was significant factor in the regression model (R2=0.688, B=0.829, p<0.001), but not significant in AY condition (p>0.050).ConclusionsPost-stroke survivors showed deficits in the performance of proactive control but not in the performance of reactive control. Deficits in proactive control may be related to impairment of working memory. Interventions that focus on proactive control may result in improved clinical outcome.
Integrative Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiling of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Wound Treated With Zizhu Ointment
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Huang Renyan , Li Wenhui , Yang Xiao , Fan Weijing , Guo Fang , Liu Guobin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: A major complication of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers. Millions of patients suffer from the physiological and psychosocial effects of diabetic foot ulcers. However, the current treatment is not effective, and the patients’ prognosis has not been significantly improved.Results: Traditional Chinese medicine-Zizhu ointment exhibited its own characteristics and advantages in treating diabetic foot ulcer by promoting wound healing. The mechanism of Zizhu ointment promoting diabetic foot ulcer wound healing was explored by detecting its miRNA expression profiling. Eighty-three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, 30 of which were upregulated and 53 were downregulated in diabetic cutaneous wounds treated with Zizhu ointment. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed that they were involved in several pathways that could regulate the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and secretion of tissue repair cells, and were linked to inflammatory cells, the extracellular matrix, growth factors, and other relevant factors related to wound healing. Furthermore, miRNA-Target regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed. Twenty hub genes of networks were obtained.Conclusions: Our preliminary study provides a new alternative drug treatment for diabetic foot ulcers by traditional Chinese medicine, and will assist in better understanding its therapeutic targets.
Different Levels of EGF, VEGF, IL-6, MCP-1, MCP-3, IP-10, Eotaxin and MIP-1𝛼 in Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) Secretome in Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Andjelkov Katarina , Eremin Ilya , Korac Aleksandra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicles and underlying adipose tissue show highly coordinated interaction through exchange of different signaling molecules. We conducted a study to investigate the quantitative and qualitative secretome profiling of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) from different zones of hair growth in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA).METHODSWe included 6 male patients, candidates for follicular unit extraction hair transplantation, all in early stage of AGA. 1mm punch samples of adipose tissue located beneath hair follicles of 3 scalp areas (alopecia, border-line and normal hair growth) and 1 periumbilical sample were analyzed.Samples were enzymatically digested, centrifuged, washed, and cell pellets were ceded and maintained in culture medium until reached monolayer. Conditioned media samples were thawed and analyzed with 41plex kit. Results were registered by Magpix device (Luminex platform) and calculated with xPonent software. We analyzed the levels of 35 signaling proteins.RESULTSThe level of Inteleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly higher in the alopecia zone in comparison to the periumbilical and occipital, alongside with the levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Endothelial Growth Factor (EGF) and Eotaxin. The similar trend was found for Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 (MCP-3), Interferon gamma-inducible Protein-10 (IP-10) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein - 1 alpha (MIP-1𝛼), while, on the other side, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) level was the lowest in alopecia comparing to other zones. All other examined proteins did not shown changes in their expression level.CONCLUSIONHence, knowledge of differences in these signaling molecules expression will be essential for both, achieving therapeutic goals for hair loss conditions and shading more lights on the AGA etiology.
Are the Subgroup Analyses in Stroke Clinical Trials Credible? – Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Ademola Ayoola , Hildebrand Kevin A , Babatunde Samuel , Mazzei Darren , Hill Michael D , Thabane Lehana , Sajobi Tolulope T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Clinicians and decision-makers are mostly interested in how the overall effect in a randomized controlled trial impact patient differently due to differential treatment effects. Subgroup analyses of randomized trials examine if the overall treatment effect is consistent among the subgroup or to identify groups that modify the intervention effects. Well defined and performed subgroup analyses led to critical policy decisions; however, inappropriately performed subgroup analyses had resulted in incorrect decisions with negative consequences. This systematic review examines the reporting quality and the subgroup analyses’ credibility in stroke clinical trials. Methods and analysis: We will extract relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science using three concepts in the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) heading. Two reviewers will independently screen the title, abstract, and full text of relevant studies. We will examine the risk of bias and the credibility of reported subgroup analyses using two validated instruments, i.e., Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials version 2 (RoB 2) and the Instrument for assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN), respectively. Random effects regression will be used to evaluate study characteristics associated with the credibility of subgroup analyses in the included studies.Expected outcomes: This research aims to review the quality of subgroup analyses’ results and reporting. The research’s results will also provide critical methodological contributions to the statistical literature of clinical trials. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review does not require primary patient data and does not require ethical approval. The review’s results will be published in a peer-review and scientific conferences.Trial registration number: CRD42020223133
Transcriptional knockout of steroidogenic factor 1 in vivo in Oreochromis niloticus increased weight and suppressed gonad development using antisense RNA
Authors: Cao Zhe , Qiang Jun , Zhu Jun , Li Hong , Tao Yi , He Jie , xu pao , Dong Zai , Bao Jin , Ma Jun , Li Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Steroidogenic factor 1 (sf1) is an important regulator of gonad development and function in mammals. However, study of sf1 in fish is limited to cloning and expression and in vitro experiments. Using antisense RNA we knockout transcription of the sf1 gene in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and obtain experimental fish in vivo. We demonstrate that antisense RNA can silence sf1 transcription and protein expression, and report suppression of sf1 transcription to affect gonad development and external genitalia formation in Nile tilapia. We also report disfunction of retinal metabolism and fatty acid metabolism to be important causes of weight gain and gonad abnormality with sf1 suppression. The feasibility of using antisense RNA for gene editing in fish is verified, and a new way of studying gene function and performing biological breeding is presented.
Characteristic Features&nbsp;and Comparative analysis of essential oil composition of selected species of Ocimum sanctum L.&nbsp;through GCMS
Authors: Sharma Prerna , Upadhyaya Kumud 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The main aim of this research is to provide a literature of the Ocimum plant, to know the significance of the Ocimum species carried out by pharmacognostical study and experimental design for GC-MS.Ocimum are very important for their therapeutic potentials. Among the most important aromatic herbs for its enormous medicinal properties.Methods: An extreme Attention has been put on those literature reports wherein the utilization of Tulsi and their pharmacognostical study has been done by performing morphological and microscopic leaf and experimental design by using essential oil by GC-MS instrumentation method Results: The utilization of these characteristics would be important for the drug discovery scientist to develop a specific formulation of the crude drug, which will be a magical therapeutic agent in the future, with the many advantageous. GC-MS chromatogram of the Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum canum and Ocimum gratissimum oil showed major peaks and has been identified after comparison of the mass spectra with NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity is more in O. canum due to presence high amount of anethole in comparison to O.Gratissimum, and O. Sanctum. The GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. Conclusion: The result showed that microscopic character of O. canum, with the characteristic GC MS analysis of the extracts, to identify different species of the ocimum plant. Ocimum sanctum L. and further experiments are required for better exploitation of essential oil for its commercial purposes.
Social Cognition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Idiopathic Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Jalal Rhideeta , Nair Aarti , Lin Amy , Eckfeld Ariel , Kushan Leila , Zinberg Jamie , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common recurrent neurogenetic condition associated with elevated risk for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and intellectual disability. Children and adults with 22q11DS often exhibit marked social impairment as well as neurocognitive deficits, and have elevated rates of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis. However, the relationship between the basic processes of social cognition and cognitive ability has not been well studied in 22q11DS. Here, we examined differences in social cognition in 22q11DS, relative to multiple groups of idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders, and typically developing healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined differences in intellectual functioning and its relationship to social cognitive abilities. Finally, we examined the relationship between social cognitive abilities and real-world social behavior.Methods: We examined social cognition and intellectual functioning in 273 participants (mean age = 17.74+/-5.18% female = 44.3%): 50 with 22q11DS, 49 youth with first episode psychosis (FEP), 48 at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, 24 participants with ASD, and 102 HC. Social cognition was assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), while reciprocal social behavior was assessed via parent/caregiver ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Participants were also administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2ndedition (WASI-II) to assess intellectual functioning. Results: The 22q11DS group exhibited significantly lower social cognitive abilities compared to CHR, FEP, and HC groups after controlling for intellectual functioning, but not in comparison to the ASD group. Significant positive correlations were found between social cognition, as measured by the TASIT, and IQ across groups. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between TASIT and real-world social behavior (SRS) for any group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate social cognitive deficits are more prominent in 22q11DS than idiopathic neuropsychiatric conditions across the age range, even after adjusting for global intellectual function. These results contribute to our understanding of the intellectual and social vulnerabilities of 22q11DS in comparison to idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings of robust associations between intellectual ability and social cognition emphasizes the importance of accounting for neurocognitive deficits in social skills interventions and tailoring these existing treatment models for 22q11DS and other populations with intellectual impairment.
Assessment of Local Supply Chains and Stock Management Practices for Trauma Care Resources in Ghana: A Comparative Small Sample Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Boakye Godfred , Gyedu Adam , Stewart Melissa , Donkor Peter , Mock Charles , Stewart Barclay T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Injuries are a major public health problem globally. With sound planning and organization, essential trauma care can be reliably provided with relatively low-cost equipment and supplies. However, availability of these resources requires an effective and efficient supply chain and good stock management practices. Therefore, we study aimed to assess trauma care resource-related supply management structures and processes at health facilities in Ghana. By doing so, the findings may allow us to identify specific structures and processes that could be improved to facilitate higher quality and more timely care. Methods: Ten hospitals were purposively selected using results from a previously performed national trauma care capacity assessment of hospitals of all levels in Ghana. Five hospitals with low resource availability and 5 hospitals with high resource availability were assessed using the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Logistics Indicators Assessment Tool and stock ledger review. Data were described and stock management practices were correlated with resource availability. Results: There were differences in stock management practices between low and high resource availability hospitals, including frequency of reporting and audit, number of stock-outs on day of assessment (median 9 vs 2 stock-outs, range 3 – 57 vs 0 – 9 stock-outs, respectively; p=0.05), duration of stock-outs (median 171 vs 8 days, range 51 – 1,268 vs 0 – 182 days, respectively; p=0.02), and fewer of up-to-date stock cards (24 vs 31 up-to-date stock cards, respectively; p=0.07). Stock-outs were common even among low-cost, essential resources (e.g., nasal cannulas and oxygen masks, endotracheal tubes, syringes, sutures, sterile gloves). Increased adherence to stock management guidelines and higher percentage of up-to-date stock cards were correlated with higher trauma resource availability scores. However, the variance in trauma resource availability scores was poorly explained by these individual factors or when analyzed in a multivariate regression model (r 2 =0.72; p value for each covariate between 0.17 – 0.34). Conclusions: Good supply chain and stock management practices are correlated with high trauma care resource availability. The findings from this study demonstrate several opportunities to improve stock management practices, particularly at low resource availability hospitals.
Influence of Participation in a Quality Improvement Collaborative on Staff Perceptions of Organizational Sustainability
Authors: II James H Ford , Gilson Aaron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Sustainability capacity (SC), which is an organization’s ability to implement and maintain change, is influenced by internal attributes, environmental contextual influencers, and intervention attributes. Temporal changes in staff SC perceptions, as well as the influence of quality improvement collaborative (QIC) participation, has generally not been explored. This project addresses this gap, measuring staff SC perceptions at four time points (baseline and every 9 months) for clinics participating in an intervention – the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment QIC initiative (called NIATx200).Methods: A mixed linear model repeated measures analysis was applied to matched staff members (n=908, representing 2,329 total cases) across the evaluation timeframe. Three separate statistical models assessed potential predictors of SC perceptions: Time (Models I-III); NIATx200 intervention, staff job function, and tenure (Models II &III); and NIATx200 participation hours and four organizational variables (Model III).Results: For Model I, staff perceptions of total SC increased throughout most of the study (t1,4=-6.74, p<.0001; t2,4=-3.100, p<.036; t3,4=-0.23, p=ns). Model II did not change Model I’s overall Time effect, but combined NIATx200 services (t=-2.23, p=.026), staff job function (t=-3.27, p=.001), and organizational administrators (t=-3.50, p=.001) were also significantly associated with greater perceptions of total SC. Inclusion of additional variables in Model III demonstrated the importance of a higher participation level (t=-3.09, p<.002) and being in a free-standing clinic (t=-2.06, p<.04) on staff perceptions of total SC. Conclusion: Although staff exposure to sustainability principals was minimal in NIATx200, staff perceptions about their organization’s SC significantly differed over time. However, an organization’s participation level in a QIC became the principal predictor of staff SC perceptions, regardless of other factors’ influence. Given these findings, it is possible to develop and introduce specific sustainability content within the structure of a QIC to assess the impact on staff SC perceptions over time and the sustainment of organizational change.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00934141 Registered July 6, 2009. Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00934141
Efficient whole-cell oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes through the cascade biocatalysis of alcohol dehydrogenase, NADPH oxidase and hemoglobin
Authors: Qiao Yan , Wang Can , Zeng Yin , Wang Tairan , Qiao Jingjing , Lu Chenze , Wang Zhao , Ying Xiangxian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes are widely used in the organic synthesis of fine chemicals for application in products such as flavoring agents, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. In the selective oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, it remains challenging to overcome poor selectivity, overoxidation and a low atom efficiency in chemical routes. Results: An E. coli strain coexpressing the NADP+-specific alcohol dehydrogenase YsADH and the oxygen-dependent NADPH oxidase TkNOX was constructed; these components enabled the NADP+ regeneration and catalyzed the oxidation of 100 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal with a yield of 21.3%. The oxygen supply was strengthened by introducing the hemoglobin protein VsHGB into recombinant E. coli cells and replacing the atmosphere of the reactor with pure oxygen, which increased the yield to 51.3%. To further improve catalytic performance, the E. coli cells expressing the multifunctional fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB were generated, which completely converted 250 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal after 8 h of whole-cell oxidation. The reaction conditions for the cascade biocatalysis were optimized, in which supplementation with 0.2 mM FAD and 0.4 mM NADP+ was essential for maintaining high catalytic activity. Finally, the established whole-cell system could serve as a platform for the synthesis of valuable α,β-unsaturated aldehydes through the selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated alcohols. Conclusions: The construction of a strain expressing the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB achieved efficient NADP+ regeneration and the selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Among the available redox enzymes, the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB has become the most recent successful example to improve catalytic performance in comparison with its separate components.