bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gap solitons supported by an optical lattice in biased photorefractive crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect
Authors: Katti Aavishkar , Katti Chittaranjan P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate the existence and stability of gap solitons supported by an optical lattice in biased photorefractive (PR) crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect. Such PR crystals have an interesting interplay between the linear and quadratic nonlinearities. Gap solitons are predicted for the first time in such novel PR media. Taking a relevant example (PMN-0.33PT), we find that the gap solitons in the first finite bandgap are single humped, positive and symmetric solitons while those in the second finite band gap are antisymmetric and double humped. The power of the gap soliton depends upon the value of the axial propagation constant. We delineate three power regimes and study the gap soliton profiles in each region. The gap solitons in the first finite band gap are not linearly stable while those in the second finite band gap are found to be stable against small perturbations. We study their stability properties in detail throughout the finite band gaps. The interplay between the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect is studied by investigating the spatial profiles and stability of the gap solitons for different ratios of the linear and quadratic nonlinear coefficients.
Initial-boundary value problems for the one-dimensional linear advection–dispersion equation with decay
Authors: Hwang Guenbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Initial-boundary value problems for the one-dimensional linear advection–dispersion equation with decay (LAD) are studied by utilizing a unified method, known as the Fokas method. The method takes advantage of the spectral analysis of both parts of Lax pair and the global algebraic relation coupling all initial and boundary values. We present the explicit analytical solution of the LAD equation posed on the half line and a finite interval with general initial and boundary conditions. In addition, for the case of periodic boundary conditions, we show that the solution of the LAD equation is asymptotically t-periodic for large t if the Dirichlet boundary datum is periodic in t. Furthermore, it can be shown that if the Dirichlet boundary value is asymptotically periodic for large t, then so is the unknown Neumann boundary value, which is uniquely characterized in terms of the given asymptotically periodic Dirichlet boundary datum. The analytical predictions for large t are compared with numerical results showing the excellent agreement.
Systematic calculations of energy levels and transitions rates in Mo XXVIII
Authors: Hu Feng , Sun Yan , Mei Maofei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Complete and consistent atomic data, including excitation energies, lifetimes, wavelengths, hyperfine structures, Landé g

J
-factors and E1, E2, M1, and M2 line strengths, oscillator strengths, transitions rates are reported for the low-lying 41 levels of Mo XXVIII, belonging to the n = 3 states (1s
22s
22p
6)3s
23p
3, 3s3p
4, and 3s
23p
23d. High-accuracy calculations have been performed as benchmarks in the request for accurate treatments of relativity, electron correlation, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in multi-valence-electron systems. Comparisons are made between the present two data sets, as well as with the experimental results and the experimentally compiled energy values of the National Institute for Standards and Technology wherever available. The calculated values including core-valence correction are found to be in a good agreement with other theoretical and experimental values. The present results are accurate enough for identification and deblending of emission lines involving the n = 3 levels, and are also useful for modeling and diagnosing plasmas.
Untersuchungen zur Polymorphie der Cäsium-Dodekahalogeno-closo-Dodekaborate Cs2[B12
X
12] (X = Cl–I)
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Bareiß Kevin U. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thermoanalytic DSC and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction investigations on the cesium dodecahalogeno-closo-dodecaborates Cs2[B12
X
12] (X = Cl–I) have revealed solid-solid phase transitions from their trigonal room-temperature α-forms (e.g. α-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 959.67(3) pm, c = 4564.2(2) pm, Z = 6, space group R

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

) into cubic high-temperature modifications. The isotypic title compounds crystallize in the space group Pm

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

n (e.g. β-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 1051.98(6) pm, Z = 2) with a W3O-type defect structure. The statistic occupation of six possible positions with only four Cs+ cations results in a cation-deficient A
2
B arrangement for Cs2[B12
X
12]. Upon cooling the β-phase, a third polymorph was observed, which also crystallizes in the cubic system, but now in the space group Ia

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

d (e.g. γ-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 2102.2(3) pm, Z = 16), and has to be regarded as a phase with only a partially disordered cation substructure. In this crystal structure the [B12
X
12]2− anions exhibit a NaTl-type arrangement, in which the Cs+ cations occupy suitable interstices. The phase transitions of the differently halogenated cesium salts follow no specific trend as the transition from the trigonal α- to the cubic β-form occurs at 178 °C for the chlorinated, at 270 °C for the iodinated and at 325 °C for the brominated examples. On further heating however, β-Cs2[B12I12] starts to decompose at 945 °C first, followed by β-Cs2[B12Br12] and β-Cs2[B12Cl12] at 959 °C and 983 °C, respectively.
Performance Study of Carbon Dioxide–Based Vortex Tube Cooling System in Turning of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Mahapatro Khirod , Pasam Vamsi Krishna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new cooling approach using a vortex tube and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas has been proposed in this work. This approach is developed to minimize the cutting temperature during the machining of titanium alloy. The cutting force, surface roughness, and cutting temperature are measured by varying input flow parameters such as pressure, cold fraction, and temperature of CO2 gas. This approach is observed to be better compared with dry cutting in reducing the cutting temperature and surface roughness. It is also observed that the cutting temperature and surface roughness are reduced with an increase in CO2 gas pressure and cold fraction and a decrease in CO2 temperature. Cutting force increased with a rise in the pressure and cold fraction and with a decrease in the temperature of CO2 gas. The response surface methodology is used to predict and optimize the cutting temperature, cutting force, and surface roughness, respectively. The validation of the results is carried out by performing the experiment at optimized input parameters.
The combination of ATA classification and FNA results can improve the diagnostic efficiency of malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Zhu Xiangying , Yu Xiaohui , Guan Haixia , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yixia , Li Yuge , Sang Liang , Han Yuchen , Li Yushu , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To determine the diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results in identifying the risk factors of malignancy, we analyzed the thyroid nodules of patients who underwent thyroidectomy and compared preoperative ATA classifications with FNA results.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 274 nodules of 196 patients who underwent ultrasonography, FNA and thyroidectomy. Histopathological findings of thyroid nodules were considered as the Au standard in the analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and FNA results. Univariate analysis and binary multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the ultrasound features associated with malignancy.

Results:
The overall malignancy rate of 274 nodules was 41.6%. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for the ATA classification and FNA results were 0.88 and 0.878, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the ATA classification were 86 and 86.9%, whereas those of FNA results were 68.5 and 91.4%, respectively. The specificity (98.7%) and sensitivity (94.3%) increased after the combined use of the ATA classification and FNA results. Taller-than-wide shape, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity and irregular margins were independent risk factors for malignancy. Microcalcifications had the highest OR (7.58), and taller-than-wide shape had the highest specificity in BSRTC I, II, III and IV cytology.

Conclusion:
The diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and FNA results in identifying malignant nodules was high, and the use of both criteria improved the diagnostic accuracy. Taller-than-wide shape, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity and irregular margins were independent risk factors for malignancy.
Variation Among Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, Secondary Metabolite Profiles, and Cards of Virulence Across Aspergillus Species
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob L , Mead Matthew E , Knowles Sonja L , Raja Huzefa A , Roberts Christopher D , Bader Oliver , Houbraken Jos , Goldman Gustavo H , Oberlies Nicholas H , Rokas Antonis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major fungal pathogen of humans but its two closest relatives, Aspergillus fischeri and Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, are not. Steenwyk et al. examined whether.....
To vote or not to vote? The political orientations of Millennials in a comparative perspective
Authors: Zachara Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article concentrates on the transformative potential of the Millennial generation within the framework of the political landscapes of the United States, several European countries and Russia. Generational experiences frame the context for the comparative examination of the democratic order and the perspectives for democratic transition. In Western countries, the group is a potentially powerful political force, yet its members do not pursue traditional forms of civic engagement – they are sceptical about institutional forms of participation and have little trust in public authority. Embedded in a youth-marginalization discourse, the public identities of the Millennials are seen rather as a manifestation of the failures of democratic representation, rather than as forms of agency seeking new ways of political expression. The orientations of this distinct group also present a puzzle when the future of authoritarian regimes is discussed: Millennials’ openness to political change is often questioned, despite the prominent role they play in the rise of the opposition forces that gained influence during Vladimir Putin’s third term. Nevertheless, in both contexts, the ongoing generational shift has become an increasingly important area for social-scientific investigation and it is being directly related to broader arguments about the nature of political change.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA YANG MENYENANGKAN BAGI ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Wardhani Dina Kusuma 
Published: August 2020

Introducing and teaching math to early childhood are suggested to be able to understand the child's development area because it can be applied the appropriate concepts and constraints in accordance with the child’s ability so that the child’s feel comfortable with the material conveyed. If child’s development can be understood then the correct mathematical concepts it can be given to the child’s, avoid mathematical fears, help the child’s learn mathematics naturally through playing activity. Math games are given gradually; start with counting objects, experiences of concrete events experienced through observation of the natural surroundings, knowledge and skills in the game of mathematics. It can be given gradually according to the level of difficulty, for example from concrete to abstract, easy to difficult and simple to complex. The mathematical game will work if children are given the opportunity to participate and be stimulated to solve their own problems. Ketika berniat mengenalkan dan mengajarkan matematika kepada anak usia dini disarankan untuk dapat memahami area perkembangan anak karena melalui pijakan tersebut kita dapat menerapkan konsep dan batasan yang tepat sesuai dengan kemampuan anak sehingga anak merasa nyaman dan tidak bingung dengan materi yang kita sampaikan. Bila kita dapat memahami area perkembangan anak maka kita dapat memberikan materi kepada anak-anak berdasarkan konsep matematika yang benar, menghindari ketakutan matematika sejak awal, membantu anak belajar matematika secara alami melalui kegiatan bermain, Permainan matematika diberikan secara bertahap diawali dengan menghitung benda-benda atau pengalaman peristiwa kongkrit yang dialami melalui pengamatan terhadap alam sekitar, pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada permainan matematika diberikan secara bertahap menurut tingkat kesukarannya, misalnya dari konkret ke abstrak, mudah ke sukar dan dari sederhana ke yang lebih kompleks. Permainan matematika akan berhasil jika anak-anak diberi kesempatan berpartisipasi dan dirangsang untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalahnya sendiri.
PENGEMBANGAN FILM PENDEK BERBASIS KARAKTER PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK. MAARIF NU. HASANUDIN, SURABAYA
Authors: Kristanto Wisnu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of this short film was held at Maarif NU Foundation School. HASANUDIN, SURABAYA. Short film media is expected to make early childhood more interested in following the play activities and motivation triggered doing good karakter in him. The research objectives are: 1. Develop a character-based short film that is played by early childhood, 2. Discusses the constraints that occur during the development of this character-based short film. Conclusions that can be taken during the process of developing a character-based short film: 1. There is difficulty in preparing the child in the direction of style and dialogue in front of the camera. 2. It takes a long time, and the production cost is great. Conclusions can be drawn after the process of developing a karaker-based short film: 1 Early-age children who use Audio-Visual Media (FILM) are more interested and more motivated to follow lessons, especially in moral and religious values (based on the basis of film, character). 3. There are some obstacles encountered when the media is displayed during the course of learning: a. The use of film media is required to use a closed room because it requires a slightly dark space for the film looks clear. b. Using audio requires a long preparation, starting from preparing the media, c. Requires many supporting media, including Film (mainstream media), Projector, laptop, sound. d. The teacher must be an expert in operating this medium. Pengembangan film pendek ini dilaksanakan di Lembaga PAUD Maarif NU. HASANUDIN, SURABAYA. Media film pendek ini diharapkan membuat anak usia dini semakin tertarik dalam mengikuti kegiatan bermain dan terpicu motivasinya melakukan karaker-karekter baik dalam dirinya. Adapun tujuan penelitian yang ingin diperoleh adalah: 1.Mengembangkan sebuah film pendek berbasis karakter yang dimainkan oleh anak usia dini, 2. Membahas kendala-kendala yang terjadi selama pengembangan film pendek berbasis karakter ini. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil selama proses pengembangan film pendek berbasis karakter : 1. Terdapat kesulitan dalam mempersiapkan anak dalam pengarahan gaya dan dialog di depan kamera. 2. Memakan waktu yang cukup lama, dan biaya produksi yang besar. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil setelah proses pengembangan film pendek berbasis karaker: 1 Anak usia dini yang menggunakan Media Audio Visual (FILM) lebih tertarik dan lebih termotivasi untuk mengikuti pelajaran, terutama dalam aspek nilai moral dan agama (sesuai dengan basis dari film,karakter). 3. Ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi ketika media di ditayangkan sewaktu pembelajaran antara lain: a. Penggunaan media film diharuskan menggunakan ruangan yang tertutup rapat karena memerlukan ruang yang sedikit gelap agar film tampak jelas. b. Mengunakan audio membutuhkan persiapan yang lama, mulai dari mempersiapkan media, c. Memerlukan banyak media pendukung, antara lain Film (media utama), Proyektor, laptop, sound. d. Guru harus ahli dalam mengoperasikan media ini.
BAGAIMANA MENGAJARKAN GERAK LOKOMOTOR PADA ANAK USIA DINI?
Authors: Muslihin Heri Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTNormally all people have fundamental movement. In the fact, there are people had not normally fundamental movement. This condition became when children play with his friend, or they played without supervision from their parents. This article explain about how the teacher sent material fundamental movement (walking, running and jumping), and the kind of walking, running and jumping technique. Fundamental movement was sending to children with Teacher, and the kind of material. Beside done Gerak dasar adalah gerak yang pasti dimiliki oleh setiap individu yang normal. Kenyataan di lapangan masih ada individu yang keterampilan gerak dasarnya tidak normal. Kondisi seperti ini diakibatkan oleh karena kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh anak-anak saat bermain. Perlu kiranya dalam artikel ini dijelaskan tentang bagaimana gerak dasar lokomotor berupa cara berjalan, berlari dan melompat yang benar, serta bagaimana cara memberikan materi pelajaran kepada para peserta didik. Selain cara melakukan gerak dasar dan bentuk latihan yang benar diberikan kepada anak didik, penting juga kiranya diberikan pengetahuan serta pengalaman gerak lainnya, untuk memperkaya pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang gerak yang benar dan gerak yang salah serta variasi gerak dari gerakan dasar tersebut. Gerak dasar harus diberikan oleh guru secara terpola untuk membentu meningkatkan keterampilan gerak para peserta didik sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Oleh karena itu guru harus memiliki pengetahuan dan teknik yang mendasar untuk meningkatkan keterampilan gerak dasar pada peserta didik dengan baik dan benar.
ANALISIS PERILAKU BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEUROPSIKOLOGI DI PAUD PELITA GUNUNGPUYUH KOTA SUKABUMI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Latifah Aeni , Sahroni Dadang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze student learning difficulties in a neuropsychological perspective. The approach of this research is quantitative descriptive. Data was collected through library studies. The source of information is the City Library of Sukabumi. Based on understanding, study and descriptive analysis, in this study it was found that the factors that influence student achievement in PELITA Gunungpuyuh PAUD, Sukabumi City so that it is suspected to be the cause of Minimal Brain Disfunction (DMO) are: 1) Trauma, which is very external trauma , from the worst (car crash) to the lightest (falling from the bed). There are 3 terms for trauma to the brain, namely concussion (concussion), cerebral hemorrhage (contusion), and torn brain (laceration); 2) Vascular accidents, namely the occurrence of blockage or rupture of the cerebral blood vessels; 3) Tumors, tumors in the brain, symptoms that appear sometimes seem mild (headaches, impaired vision), but if they do, the consequences can be fatal; 4) Degenerative diseases, namely diseases that cause deterioration, such as Alzheimer's dementia, etc.; 5) Nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition); 6) Poisoning, which can cause a person to delirium (delirium). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesulitan-kesulitan belajar siswa dalam perspektif neuropsikologi. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Sumber informasi adalah Perpustakaan Kota Sukabumi. Berdasarkan pemahaman, kajian dan analisis deskriptif, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa di PAUD PELITA Gunungpuyuh, Kota Sukabumi sehingga diduga menjadi penyebab Disfungsi Minimal Otak (DMO) adalah: 1) Trauma, yang dimaksud dengan trauma sangat luar, mulai paling parah (tabrakan mobil) hingga yang paling ringan (jatuh dari tempat tidur). Ada 3 istilah untuk trauma pada otak, yaitu gegar otak (concussion), pendarahan otak (contusion), dan robek otak (laceration); 2) Vascular accidents, yaitu terjadinya penyumbatan atau pecahnya pembuluh darah otak; 3) Tumor, tumor di otak, gejala yang ditampil kadang-kadang terkesan ringan (sakit kepala, gangguan penglihatan), tapi kalau memang ada, akibatnya dapat fatal; 4) Penyakit degeneratif, yaitu penyakit yang menyebabkan terjadinya kemunduran, misalnya dementia jenis Alzheimer, dan lain-lain; 5) Defisiensi nutrisi (kurang gizi); 6) Keracunan, yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengigau (delirium).
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN TENTANG METAMORFOSIS MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR SERI DI KELOMPOK B TK NEGERI PEMBINA KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Rahman Taopik , Mulyana Edi Hendri , Wendah Sri 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis research uses classroom action research method (PTK) model Kemmis and MC. Tanggart, the research was conducted based on the findings of the problem of understanding about metamorphosis in B TK Negeri Pembina, this is because in learning only use oral course in the introduction or explanation does not use supporting media that will facilitate the child understand about metamorphosis. One way that researchers can use in improving the understanding of metamorphosis is by using media and media that is used the series image media. Serial drawings are drawings that have a continuous arrangement. The purpose of this research is to get a picture about the improvement of understanding about metamorphosis through serial drawing media. Subjects in this study that is a child group B TK Negeri Pembina Tasikmalaya City in the even semester of the academic year 2018 which amounted to 8 children who are considered difficult children understand metamorphosis and researchers act as classroom teachers. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation. This research was conducted in 3 cycles and the result of the research that has been done shows the improvement of the teacher's ability in planning the learning, the ability of the teacher in managing the learning, the ability of the teacher in the use of drawing media series, the children's understanding about the metamorphosis and the children activity when engaging the drawing media series. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan MC. Tanggart, penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan temuan adanya masalah pemahaman tentang metamorfosis dikelmpok B TK Negeri Pembina, hal ini dikarenakan dalam pembelajaran hanya menggunakan lisan saja dalam pengenalan atau penjelasan tidak menggunakan media pendukung yang akan memudahkan anak memahami tentang metamorfosis. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan peneliti dalam meningkatkan pemahaman tentang metamorfosis yaitu dengan menggunakan media dan media yang digunakan yaitu media gambar seri. Gambar seri yaitu gambar yang mempunyai susunan yang berkesinambunga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh gambaran tentang peningkatan pemahaman tentang metamorfosis melalui media gambar seri. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Kota Tasikmalaya pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018 yang berjumlah 8 orang anak yang dianggap anak yang sulit memahami metamorfosis dan peneliti bertindak sebagai guru kelas. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan sokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus dan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan menunjukan peningkatan pada kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran, kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, kemampuan guru dalam penggunaan media gambar seri, pemahaman anak tentang metamorfosis dan aktivitas anak saat terlibat media gambar seri.