bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead-free metal-halide double perovskites: from optoelectronic properties to applications
Authors: Ghasemi Mehri , Hao Mengmeng , Xiao Mu , Chen Peng , He Dongxu , Zhang Yurou , Chen Weijian , Fan Jiandong , Yun Jung H. , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lead (Pb) halide perovskites have witnessed highly promising achievements for high-efficiency solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and photo/radiation detectors due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, compound stability and Pb toxicity are still two main obstacles towards the commercialization of halide perovskite-based devices. Therefore, it is of substantial interest to search for non-toxic candidates with comparable photophysical characteristics. Metal-halide double perovskites (MHDPs), A2BBʹX6, are recently booming as promising alternatives for Pb-based halide-perovskites for their non-toxicity and significantly enhanced chemical and thermodynamic stability. Moreover, this family exhibits rich combinatorial chemistry with tuneable optoelectronic properties and thus a great potential for a broad range of optoelectronic/electronic applications. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the MHDPs synthesized so far, and classified by their optical and electronic properties. We systematically generalize their electronic structure by both theoretical and experimental efforts to prospect the relevant optoelectronic properties required by different applications. The progress of the materials in various applications is explicated in view of the material structure-function relationship. Finally, a perspective outlook to improve the physical and optoelectronic properties of the materials is proposed aiming at fostering their future development and applications.
The Five-State Requirement of IRC Section 4945(f)(2)
Authors: Brooks Ronan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Consistently low rates of voter turnout in U.S. elections demand remedy. Antiquated legislation limits the ability of nonprofits to contribute to nonpartisan voter engagement. The article focuses on one piece of such legislation, section 4945(f)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. First, the article outlines the legislative history of this provision and highlights the racist and classist basis of its passage. Through discussion of the ongoing harm caused by section 4945(f)(2), the article demonstrates the need for reform of this provision.
Glücksspielbezogene Probleme als Public Health Aufgabe am Beispiel Jugendlicher
Authors: Hayer Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der nationale Glücksspielmarkt zeichnet sich durch mannigfaltige Spielanreize aus. Gleichzeitig gehen mit Glücksspielangeboten zum Teil erhebliche Suchtgefahren einher. Dabei ist das Erkrankungsrisiko auf Bevölkerungsebene ungleich verteilt, zu den Risikogruppen zählen auch Jugendliche. Die Verhinderung glücksspielbezogener Probleme im Jugendalter muss als Public Health Aufgabe verstanden werden, die nur bei Umsetzung eines breiten Präventionsansatzes mit aufeinander abgestimmten verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen gelingen kann.
Das Design von Klimaschutzverhandlungen
Authors: Schmidt Klaus M. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn seiner Thünen-Vorlesung vor dem Verein für Socialpolitik im Herbst 2020 hat Klaus Schmidt das Design von Klimaschutzverhandlungen untersucht. Er geht dabei von einem Vorschlag Martin Weitzmans aus, künftige Verhandlungen auf einen einheitlichen CO2-Mindestpreis zu fokussieren. Wäre ein solches Vorgehen demjenigen, wie es in den Abkommen von Paris und Kyoto praktiziert wurde, tatsächlich überlegen? Schmidt berichtet von zwei experimentellen Studien, in denen er gemeinsam mit Koautoren Licht auf diese Frage geworfen hat. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien unterstützen den Vorschlag von Weitzman.
Phase Relations of Iron Carbides Fe2C, Fe3C, and Fe7C3 at the Earth’s Core Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Sagatov N.E. , Gavryushkin P.N. , Medrish I.V. , Inerbaev T.M. , Litasov K.D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
—Based on first-principle calculations in the framework of the density functional theory and structure prediction algorithms, we have determined iron carbide phases stable at the Earth’s core pressures and temperatures. It is shown that Fe7C3 is unstable and decomposes into the mixture Fe2C + Fe3C over the entire range of pressures and temperatures specific to the Earth’s inner core. Subsequent decomposition of Fe3C into the mixture Fe + Fe2C is unfavorable. We also predict a new low-temperature modification Fe3C-C2/m-II dynamically and thermodynamically stable over the pressure range 290–305 GPa.
Direct Listing – Alternative zum klassischen Börsengang?
Authors: Sieder Sebastian , Baumgartner Jörg 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
In den USA hat sich durch die beiden Börsengänge von Spotify und Slack das sog. Direct Listing als alternative Form des Börsengangs entwickelt. Durch diese Innovation steht Börsenaspiranten eine neue Option zur Verfügung, um ein Börsenlisting zu erreichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag charakterisiert dieses Direct Listing nach US-Vorbild und zeigt die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Europa für den Börsengang via Direct Listing am Beispiel der deutschen und der österreichischen Jurisdiktionen auf.
Clinical correlation of glaucoma with systemic hypertension and its effect on visual morbidity
Authors: Anamalai Radha , Priyadharshini P , Muthayya M 
Published: December 2020

Glaucoma and hypertension share a common pathophysiology of altered sodium transport in the renal and ciliary epithelium and can co exist. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for glaucoma progression due to intraocular pressure spikes.This study was performed to evaluate the association of hypertension with glaucoma and to assess the extent of optic disc damage, the role of anti hypertensive medications and visual morbidity.This is a prospective, multidisciplinary study performed on a cohort of118 hypertensive patients over 1 year. Ophthalmic examination, ancillary ocular investigations, systemic tests and multi speciality referrals were obtained for all patients.Among 118 hypertensive patients, 64 (54.8%) had glaucoma. 65 patients (55.1%) were female and 53 patients (44.1%) male. Age group most frequently affected was between 60 and 70 years. There was increased incidence of ocular hypertension which was statistically significant (p value of 0.02). The range of IOP in those on anti hypertensive medications was 10-16 mmHg which was statistically significant (p value = 0. 03).Risk of glaucoma in hypertension was higher in women. An elevation of diastolic blood pressure is more significant than systolic BP in raising IOP. Decreased IOP was highest among patients taking calcium channel blockers.: Hypertension can cause both reduction and elevation in IOP. Treatment of hypertension does lower the IOP and prevent further progression of glaucoma and prevent any visual loss.
Dry eyes, gritty or not?
Authors: Rinita R Deborah , Srinivasan G S 
Published: December 2020

To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital-based population and to study the tear film parameters in dry eye patients presenting with symptoms of grittiness and foreign body sensation attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of Karpaga Vinayaka Institute of Medical Sciences, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.Cross Sectional study conducted in the out patient department of our department among patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of dry eyes both male and female patients consenting to the study were included.A total of 125 participants were enrolled, of these 38 had dry eye, 67 had long duration of work. 86 patients had complaints suggestive of dry eye. 38 had all 3 parameters tested abnormal. Tear film was evaluated with Schirmer test, TBUT, TMH and a proforma to record patient demographic details, symptoms, test values and dry eye diagnosis.our study showed 86 participants with symptoms such as grittiness, foreign body sensation, dryness, burning sensation and 38 patients had dry eye and required treatment such as lubricants. Poor quality and function of tears, combined with subnormal ocular surface, makes patients symptomatic and on evaluation show ocular surface disease dry eye which can be treated accordingly to relieve the patient of symptoms and improve the quality of life. Thus routine and early examination of tear function and ocular surface parameters should form a part of the workup of all patients with symptoms of dry eye.
Association of helicobacter pylori with multiple sclerosis: Protective or risk factor?
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Barzegar Mahdi , Nehzat Nasim , Najdaghi Soroush , Ansari Behnaz , Shaygannejad Vahid 
Published: December 2020

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune inflammatory disease in the central nervous system (CNS) without exact pathology. Environmental factors such as infections have a causal or protective role in MS. Helicobacter pylori (HP) is one of the infections in digestive diseases and previous studies reported controversial findings of this infection role in MS. So, we conducted this study to assess the frequency of HP infection in patients with MS in comparison to the healthy population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken between 2015 and 2019. 191 participants including 58 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 57 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 39 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were tested for the presence of HP immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies (Abs) in their serum sample.
Results: The frequency of HP IgG seropositivity in patients with SPMS was significantly higher than patients with CIS [Odds ratio (OR): 6.333, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.522-15.906, P < 0.001], patients with RRMS (OR: 4.583, 95% CI: 1.842-11.407, P = 0.001), and HCs (OR: 8.485, 95% CI: 3.058-23.540, P < 0.001). We did not find a significant difference among other study groups regarding IgG seropositivity. No significant difference among groups regarding HP IgM seropositivity was evident. On univariate model, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (OR: 1.038, 95% CI: 1.038-1.460, P = 0.017) and SPMS (OR: 4.583, 95% CI: 1.842-11.407, P = 0.001) were predictor for HP IgG seropositivity. On multivariate model, only SPMS had higher risk for HP IgG seropositivity compared to RRMS (OR: 5.554, 95% CI: 1.327-23.253, P = 0.019). We did not find a significant association between clinical and demographic variables with HP IgM seropositivity.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, progressive MS and HP infection may have association. Further longitudinal studies with large sample size are needed to determine the role of HP infection in MS.
Association between diet and migraine characteristics: The role of Dietary Inflammatory Index
Authors: Khorsha Faezeh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Ghodoosi Nasim , Togha Mansoureh , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Askarpour Moein , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: December 2020

Background: Migraine is a neurologic disorder. Although, based on previous evidence, migraine is related with inflammation and oxidative stress, its relationship with the inflammatory potential of the diet is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to show the correlation between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and severity and duration of migraine headache.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 266 women who suffered from migraine, were included. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected form all participants. 147-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was collected to assess dietary intake and consequently, DII scores were calculated. Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and a 30-day headache diary were also completed by each participant.
Results: The DII score ranged between -4.22 and 5.19 and its median [interquartile range (IQR)] was 0.003 (-1.48-1.55). There was no meaningful association between age, occupation, physical activity (PA), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and DII score classifications (P > 0.050). Subjects with more than 20 days of headache had higher DII score compared to those with less than 10 days per month [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-2.08, P = 0.001]. There was no association between DII and migraine severity (VAS and MIDAS) in the crude and adjusted model of logistic regression. Although there was a significant association between headache duration and DII (P = 0.020), this relationship was not meaningful after adjusting for age, PA, BMI, and job status (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.28-1.00, P = 0.052).
Conclusion: The present study showed a direct association between headache frequency and DII. Nevertheless, any relationship was not found between headache duration or migraine severity and DII score. Future large and prospective studies are needed to explore the effect of inflammatory potential of diet in migraine characteristics.
Analysis of the Impact of the New Tax Reform on Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import Enterprises
Authors: Yue Haohao 
Published: December 2020

<p>In order to regulate the development of the cross-border e-commerce industry, the State General Administration of Customs and the State Administration of Taxation issued a new policy on April 8, 2016 to abolish the provisions of cross-border e-commerce items based on postal tax, and uniformly pay customs duties and value-added value based on imported goods, tax and consumption tax. This also means that the state has gradually begun to shift from the principle of encouragement and promotion to the standardization and promotion of the cross-border e-commerce industry. Based on this, this article elaborates on the impact and countermeasures of the new tax reform on cross-border e-commerce retail import companies.</p>
Full Femoral Osteomyelitis Caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum in an Immunocompetent Adult
Authors: Rubel Ivan F. , Reino Fabricio M. 
Published: December 2020

Case:
We present a 46-year-old man who developed a full femoral osteomyelitis caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum. The subtle presentation of the infection and the late onset of appropriate antibiotic treatment caused a devastating bone quality of the full femur.

Conclusions:
A successful outcome was obtained with surgical debridement, antibiotics, and return to weight bearing guided by a laboratory and radiographic scale specially designed to avoid pathologic fractures toward his full functional recovery.
Analisis Anggaran Parsial dan Usahatani Teknik Semai pada Budidaya Bawang Merah True Shallot Seed (Partial and Farm Budget Analysis of Some Sowing Techniques in TSS Cultivation)
Authors: Adiyoga Witono , Prathama Mathias , Rosliani Rini 
Published: December 2020

<p>Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mendapatkan informasi kelayakan ekonomis berbagai cara semai serta melakukan analisis usahatani budidaya true shallot seed (TSS). Percobaan dilakukan di Brebes, Jawa Tengah, April–September 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam kombinasi perlakuan metode semai (sebar, garit, dan soil-block) dan umur semai (30 dan 45 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara semai soil-block umur 30 hari menghasilkan bobot umbi tertinggi. Produksi per hektar semai soil-block umur 30 hari adalah 29,3 ton/ha (bobot segar) atau 17,7 ton/ha (bobot kering). Indikator B/C ratio tertinggi (0,75) dan tingkat pengembalian marjinal tertinggi (27,769%) mengindikasikan bahwa cara soil-block umur 45 hari merupakan perlakuan yang paling ekonomis. Harga per semaian berkisar antara Rp37,6 – 42,6 sehingga biaya total semaian adalah Rp24,4 – 27,7 juta per hektar. Biaya sebesar ini berpotensi menghapus salah satu advantage penggunaan TSS karena tidak lebih murah dibanding biaya benih umbi per hektar. Walaupun menunjukkan potensi hasil cukup tinggi (18–29 ton/ha), namun karena efisiensi lahan rendah (54%) serta susut bobot tinggi (56%) maka probabilitas mengalami kerugian masih cukup tinggi. Hasil studi menyarankan penelitian lanjutan yang diarahkan untuk menekan biaya produksi semaian, meningkatkan produktivitas, meningkatkan efisiensi lahan, dan menurunkan susut bobot umbi.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Benih biji botani; Cara semai; Kelayakan ekonomis; Analisis anggaran parsial </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The study aimed to assess the economic feasibility of sowing methods and farm-budget of TSS cultivation. A trial was conducted in Brebes, Central Java (April–September 2017). RCBD with six treatment combinations of sowing method and sowing age, and four replications was employed. Results indicate that seedlings from soil block (30 days) produce the highest tuber weight. The fresh yield of using soil-block (30 days) is 29.3 tons/ha, while the dry yield is 17.7 tons/ha. Based on the highest B/C ratio and highest marginal rate of return, the soil-block (45 days) is assessed as the most feasible sowing method. The cost per seedling ranges from IDR 37.6 – 42.6, thus the total seedling cost is IDR 24.4 – 27.7 millions/ha. This may potentially eliminate one advantage of using TSS because the seedling cost is not lower than the cost of purchasing seed bulbs. Producing high fresh yield (18 – 29 tons/ha) could not compensate low land efficiency (54%) and high weight loss (56%), so that the loss probability is still quite high. The study recommends further works needed to lower seedling cost, increase yield, increase land efficiency, and reduce the bulb weight loss.</p>
In vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and GC-MS analysis of the crude methanolic extract and fractions of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach and Thonn. leaves
Authors: Oyinloye Oladapo Elijah , Alabi Olumuyiwa. S. , Ademowo Olusegun. G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses as food and medicine in treatment of fever, skin diseases, inflammation, stomach ache and some systemic infections. To date there is little scientific validation of the folkloric claims of S. dasyphyllum compared to other species of the Solanaceae family. This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and analysed the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique.Methods: The dried leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with 80% methanol and the crude extract subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extract and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination and time-kill kinetics study. Crude extract was assayed for antioxidant activity and analysed by GC-MS.Results: Percentage yield of S. dasyphyllum was 12.5% and tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. The crude extract and fractions were active on all the isolates at concentrations >0.5 mg/mL. MICs of the crude extract and fractions ranged between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC ranged between 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC ranged between 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio was >4 for dichloromethane fractions against S. aureus (ratio 8) and MFC/MIC ratio ethylacetate fraction against the fungi isolates (ratio 8). The time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal with zero viable count at 4 - 6hours against the isolates. The crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant with weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. The GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites including the phenols and polyphenols derivatives, eucalyptol, levomenthol, benzofuranone derivative, diethyl phthalate, neophytadiene, 1-Docosene, 17-Pentatriacontene, Phytol, Thunbergol and esters of decanoic acid derivatives all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: This study therefore confirmed the ethno-medicinal claim of S. dasyphyllum and thus elucidates the potentials of the plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with strong anti-infective and antioxidant properties.
Latrine coverage and associated factors among urban communities found in Ambo town, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Samuel Fikresilasie , Demissew Assalif , Alem Yonas , Hailesilassie Yonas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Latrine is one of many emergency responses essential for people’s dignity, safety, health and well-beings. It is a major priority, and the coverage needs to be addressed with as much speed and effort as possible. This study finds out the latrine coverage and associated risk factors in Ambo town, Ethiopia.
Methods

A survey was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016 among the community found in Ambo town. About 321 households were recruited in the study. Data on latrine coverage and associated risk factors like socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral and environmental factors were collected using pretested questionnaire. Risk factors related to latrine coverage were tested to determine the potential of these factors to limit latrine availability in Ambo town.
Results

This study results showed that 265(82.3%) of subjects had a latrine. Among these majority of latrines 194(60.2%) were traditional pit latrines. About 123 (38.2%) of latrines found in this study, had a hand washing facility whereas, 142 (44.1%) had not these facilities. Factors like: religion, family size, and educational level of respondents were significantly associated with availability of latrines (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Based on this study finding, the latrine coverage in ambo town is very good though the coverage of improved latrines still needs attention at all level of stakeholders. Most of latrines were traditional pit latrines. Enhancing the awareness level of the community about sanitation and its benefit would facilitate the coverage and the quality of latrines.