bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards climate resilient urban energy systems: a review
Authors: Nik Vahid M , Perera A T D , Chen Deliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for society. Moving towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation. A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable performance of energy systems in the long run. This review provides an overview of and insight into the progress achieved in the energy sector to adapt to climate change, focusing on the climate resilience of urban energy systems. The state-of-the-art methodology to assess impacts of climate change including extreme events and uncertainties on the design and performance of energy systems is described and discussed. Climate resilience is an emerging concept that is increasingly used to represent the durability and stable performance of energy systems against extreme climate events. However, it has not yet been adequately explored and widely used, as its definition has not been clearly articulated and assessment is mostly based on qualitative aspects. This study reveals that a major limitation in the state-of-the-art is the inadequacy of climate change adaptation approaches in designing and preparing urban energy systems to satisfactorily address plausible extreme climate events. Furthermore, the complexity of the climate and energy models and the mismatch between their temporal and spatial resolutions are the major limitations in linking these models. Therefore, few studies have focused on the design and operation of urban energy infrastructure in terms of climate resilience. Considering the occurrence of extreme climate events and increasing demand for implementing climate adaptation strategies, the study highlights the importance of improving energy system models to consider future climate variations including extreme events to identify climate resilient energy transition pathways.
Human variation in response to food and nutrients
Authors: Head Richard J , Buckley Jonathan D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The application of science to human nutrition over the centuries has served societies well. One example is the identification of key nutrients to overcome nutritional deficiencies, which has enhanced life expectancy. Enhanced life expectancy, however, is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic disorders related to food and nutrition. Findings of studies indicating that individual responses to nutrients differ substantially between individuals make it necessary to re-examine the relationship between nutrition and human health. The emergence of new genomic-based technologies illustrates the complexity and scale of the interactions between nutrition and genetic factors. Epigenetic modifications resulting from interactions of the genetic profile, aging, and lifestyle can influence the time course of chronic disorders and contribute to human variability in response to nutritional interventions. Developing a better understanding of human variability as it applies to human nutrition will involve embracing the approaches and principles of complex science.
Coronavirus 2019 Silver Linings
Authors: Santosa Amelia , Cross Gail , Oon Jolene Ee Ling , Archuleta Sophia , Dan Yock Young 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A heightened state of alert due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared by the Singapore Ministry of Health on February 7, 2020. Within the hospital, team reorganizations, workflow revisions, and physical segregation caused anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs). Fear of the unknown and emotional and physical fatigue started to take their toll on HCWs. We share our learning journey over the first 8 weeks of COVID-19: the importance of acknowledging fears and questions, and transforming them to collective knowledge; the role of empathic, hands-on leadership that brings camaraderie and calms scepticism; the importance of validating efforts and acknowledging hardship; and, most importantly, the security that comes from camaraderie, breaking down hierarchical barriers, and motivating each other to keep on going.
The Effectiveness of Cervical Medial Branch Thermal Radiofrequency Neurotomy Stratified by Selection Criteria: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Engel Andrew , King Wade , Schneider Byron J , Duszynski Belinda , Bogduk Nikolai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of cervical medial branch thermal radiofrequency neurotomy in the treatment of neck pain or cervicogenic headache based on different selection criteria.DesignComprehensive systematic review.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted, and the authors screened and evaluated the studies. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to assess all eligible studies.Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure assessed was the success rate of the procedure, defined by varying degrees of pain relief following neurotomy. Data are stratified by number of diagnostic blocks and degree of pain relief.ResultsResults varied by selection criteria, which included triple placebo-controlled medial branch blocks, dual comparative medial branch blocks, single medial branch blocks, intra-articular blocks, physical examination findings, and symptoms alone. Outcome data showed a greater degree of pain relief more often when patients were selected by triple placebo-controlled medial branch blocks or dual comparative medial branch blocks, producing 100% relief of the index pain. The degree of pain relief was similar when triple or dual comparative blocks were used.ConclusionsHigher degrees of relief from cervical medial branch thermal radiofrequency neurotomy are more often achieved, to a statistically significant extent, if patients are selected on the basis of complete relief of index pain following comparative diagnostic blocks. If selected based on lesser degrees of relief, patients are less likely to obtain complete relief.
Misallocation in the Market for Inputs: Enforcement and the Organization of Production*
Authors: Boehm Johannes , Oberfield Ezra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe strength of contract enforcement determines how firms source inputs and organize production. Using microdata on Indian manufacturing plants, we show that production and sourcing decisions appear systematically distorted in states with weaker enforcement. Specifically, we document that in industries that tend to rely more heavily on relationship-specific intermediate inputs, plants in states with more-congested courts shift their expenditures away from intermediate inputs and have a greater vertical span of production. To quantify the effect of these distortions on aggregate productivity, we construct a model in which plants have several ways of producing, each with different bundles of inputs. Weak enforcement exacerbates a holdup problem that arises when using inputs that require customization, distorting both the intensive and extensive margins of input use. The equilibrium organization of production and the network structure of input-output linkages arise endogenously from the producers’ simultaneous cost-minimization decisions. We identify the structural parameters that govern enforcement frictions from cross-state variation in the first moments of producers’ cost shares. A set of counterfactuals show that enforcement frictions lower aggregate productivity to an extent that is relevant on the macro scale.
INTERNAL CHANDELIER-ASSISTED MACULAR BUCKLING FOR MYOPIC FOVEOSCHISIS
Authors: Grewal Parampal S. , Seamone Mark , Greve Mark , Deveau Adam , Gupta R. Rishi 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To present a surgical technique and case presentation of internal chandelier-assisted macular buckling for myopic foveoschisis.

Methods:
Review of patient clinical features, visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography results after internal chandelier-assisted macular buckling for myopic foveoschisis.

Results:
A 48-year-old highly myopic woman (axial length 29.85 mm) underwent internal chandelier-assisted macular buckling for myopic foveoschisis with macular detachment. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/150 to 20/40. Postoperative optical coherence tomography confirmed central buckle positioning and demonstrated resolved foveoschisis and macular detachment. There were no complications.

Conclusion:
Internal chandelier-assisted macular buckling is a valuable tool to optimize buckle position and patient outcomes.
An Assessment of Clinical and System Drivers of Family Satisfaction in the PICU*
Authors: Hummel Kevin , Presson Angela P. , Millar Morgan M. , Larsen Gitte , Kadish Howard , Olson Lenora M. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Investigate clinical and system drivers of family satisfaction in the PICU.

Design:
Mixed methods qualitative and quantitative (observational) study. Qualitative interviews with families were performed as a pilot to inform modality of survey distribution based on family preferences. A validated pediatric satisfaction survey deployed to family members for 7 months with a corresponding chart review and administrative data collection.

Setting:
PICU in a tertiary children’s hospital.

Patients:
Two hundred six families of patients admitted to the PICU more than 48 hours.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Families preferred surveys distributed electronically on a tablet in the PICU setting. The Pediatric Family Satisfaction-ICU survey was used to assess comfort with medical decision-making and communication with the care team. Capture rate of all eligible patients was 69.5% and response rate was 90.8%. Overall, 64.7% of respondents were highly satisfied, whereas over one third were not highly satisfied; families of Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio of lower satisfaction of families with Hispanic ethnicity: 2.09; 95% CI, 1.01–4.33; p = 0.047) and high social stressors (odds ratio of higher satisfaction among high stressed subgroup: 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24–0.99; p = 0.047) reported statistically significant lower satisfaction. Additional free-text responses were identified in 21% of respondents, with the majority of comments indicating wishes for improvements clustered around communication with the medical team or sleeping environment of families and patients.

Conclusions:
High capture rates of family satisfaction in the PICU can be obtained with a PICU-specific survey, limiting barriers to completion by including family preferences, and distributing in the PICU setting. Less than two-third of PICU families are highly satisfied; patients of Hispanic ethnicity and those with high social stressors predict low satisfaction, whereas illness severity, age, and PICU length of stay did not have statistical significance. Local improvement teams can use this approach to drive enhanced satisfaction.
A Systematic Review of Neuromonitoring Modalities in Children Beyond Neonatal Period After Cardiac Arrest*
Authors: Hunfeld Maayke , Ketharanathan Naomi , Catsman Coriene , Straver Dirk C. G. , Dremmen Marjolein H. G. , Bramer Wichor , Wildschut Enno , Tibboel Dick , Buysse Corinne 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Postresuscitation care in children focuses on preventing secondary neurologic injury and attempts to provide (precise) prognostication for both caregivers and the medical team. This systematic review provides an overview of neuromonitoring modalities and their potential role in neuroprognostication in postcardiac arrest children.

Data Resources:
Databases EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO Ovid were searched in February 2019.

Study Selection:
Enrollment of children after in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1 month and 18 years and presence of a neuromonitoring method obtained within the first 2 weeks post cardiac arrest. Two reviewers independently selected appropriate studies based on the citations.

Data Extraction:
Data collected included study characteristics and methodologic quality, populations enrolled, neuromonitoring modalities, outcome, and limitations. Evidence tables per neuromonitoring method were constructed using a standardized data extraction form. Each included study was graded according to the Oxford Evidence-Based Medicine scoring system.

Data Synthesis:
Of 1,195 citations, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 16 retrospective studies, nine observational prospective studies, one observational exploratory study, and one pilot randomized controlled trial. Neuromonitoring methods included neurologic examination, routine electroencephalography and continuous electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, MRI, head CT, plasma biomarkers, somatosensory evoked potentials, and brainstem auditory evoked potential. All evidence was graded 2B-2C.

Conclusions:
The appropriate application and precise interpretation of available modalities still need to be determined in relation to the individual patient. International collaboration in standardized data collection during the (acute) clinical course together with detailed long-term outcome measurements (including functional outcome, neuropsychologic assessment, and health-related quality of life) are the first steps toward more precise, patient-specific neuroprognostication after pediatric cardiac arrest.
Early administration of lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine does not alter the clinical course of SARS-COV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Giacomelli Andrea , Pagani Gabriele , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Oreni Letizia , Conti Federico , Pezzati Laura , Bradanini Lucia , Casalini Giacomo , Bassoli Cinzia , Morena Valentina , Passerini Simone , Rizzardini Giuliano , Cogliati Chiara , Ceriani Elisa , Colombo Riccardo , Rusconi Stefano , Gervasoni Cristina , Cattaneo Dario , Antinori Spinello , Galli Massimo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAs it has been shown that lopinavir (LPV) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have in vitro activity against coronaviruses, they were used to treat COVID-19 during the first wave of the epidemic in Lombardy, Italy.The aim of this retrospective intent-to-treat analysis of the hospitalized patients who started off-label treatment with LPV/ritonavir (LPV/r)+HCQ between 21 February and 20 March 2020 was to compare the rate of clinical improvement between those who started the treatment within five days of symptom onset (early treatment, ET) and those who started later (delayed treatment, DT). The association between the timing of treatment and the probability of 30-day mortality was also assessed using uni- and multivariable logistic models.The study involved 172 patients: 43 (25%) in the ET and 129 (75%) in the DT group. The rate of clinical improvement increased over time to 73.3% on day 30, without any significant difference between the two groups (Gray’s test P = 0.213). After adjusting for potentially relevant clinical variables, there was no significant association between the timing of the start of treatment and the probability of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] ET vs DT = 1.45, 95% confidence interval 0.50-4.19). Eight percent of the patients discontinued the treatment because of severe gastrointestinal disorders attributable to LPV/r.The timing of the start of LPV/r+HCQ treatment does not seem to affect the clinical course of hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Together with the severe adverse events attributable to LPV/r, this raises concerns about the benefit of using this combination to treat COVID-19.
Interregional SARS-CoV-2 spread from a single introduction outbreak in a meat-packing plant in northeast Iowa
Authors: Richmond Craig S. , Sabin Arick P. , Jobe Dean A. , Lovrich Steven D. , Kenny Paraic A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 spread has proven to be especially difficult to mitigate in high risk settings, including nursing homes, cruises, prisons and various industrial settings. Among industrial settings, meat processing facilities in the United States have experienced particularly challenging outbreaks. We have sequenced SARS-CoV-2 whole viral genomes from individuals testing positive in an integrated regional healthcare system serving 21 counties in southwestern Wisconsin, northeastern Iowa and southeastern Minnesota, providing an overview of SARS-CoV-2 introduction and spread in a region spanning multiple jurisdictions with differing mitigation policies. While most viral introductions we detected were contained with only minor transmission chains, a striking exception was an outbreak associated with a meatpacking plant in Postville, IA. In this case, a single viral introduction led to unrestrained spread within the facility, affecting many staff and members of their households. Importantly, by surveilling viral sequences from the surrounding counties, we have documented the spread of this SARS-CoV-2 substrain from this epicenter to individuals in 13 cities in 7 counties in Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, a region spanning 185 square miles. This study highlights the regional public health consequences of failures to rapidly act to mitigate viral spread in a single industrial setting.
Effects of physical activity and exercise on well-being in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: de Abreu Juliana Marques , de Souza Roberta Andrade , Viana-Meireles Livia Gomes , Landeira-Fernandez J. , Filgueiras Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA disease discovered in China, COVID-19, was characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. Many countries in the world implemented social isolation as a strategy to contain the virus transmission. The same physical distancing which protects society from COVID-19 from spreading may have an impact on the mental health and well-being of the population This study aims to shed some light on this phenomenon by assessing the relationship between physical activity and SWB among individuals in the social isolation period of COVID-19.MethodsData were collected in Brazil between March 31st and April 2nd, 2020. All volunteers agreed to participate by digitally checking the option of agreement right after reading the Consent Terms. The inclusion criteria were participants over 18 years old who had been in social isolation for at least one week and agreed to the Consent Terms. Three instruments were used: a questionnaire was built for this study which aimed to assess the participants’ exercise routine. The second instrument called Psychosocial Aspects, Well-being and Exercise in Confinement (PAWEC) was also created by these researchers and aimed to assess the relationship between well-being and physical activity during the social isolation period. And the third measure was the Brazilian Portuguese-adapted version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).FindingsA total of 592 participants reported being in social isolation for an average of 14.4 (SD=3.3) days. The amount of participants who reported strength training as exercise increased from 31 (5.2%) before isolation to 82 (13.9%) during quarantine. The study shows that well-being related to the practice of physical activity during quarantine is linked to an established routine of physical activity prior to the social isolation period.InterpretationPeople who already practiced physical activity feel more motivated to continue practicing during this period and this causes the appearance of positive affects, unlike people who are only now starting to exercise; according to the study, negative aspects can occur for those who are only just starting. In a period of social isolation, it is important that the practice of physical activity is closer to previous habits, also finding that an obligation to exercise during this period when this was not a reality for the person can contribute to an increase in malaise.
Remarks on pooling Coronavirus tests
Authors: Pikovski Alexander , Bentele Kajetan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiagnostic testing for the novel Coronavirus is an important tool to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. However, testing capacities are limited. A modified testing protocol, whereby a number of probes are “pooled” (that is, grouped), is known to increase the capacity for testing. Here, we model pooled testing with a double-average model, which we think to be close to reality for Covid-19 testing. The optimal pool size and the effect of test errors are considered. Results show that the best pool size is three to five, under reasonable assumptions. Pool testing even reduces the number of false positives in the absence of dilution effects.
Fear not: avoidance behavior missing in species sympatric with the critically endangered West African lion
Authors: Harris Nyeema C. , Mills Kirby L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredators are major regulators in communities through trophic and non-trophic pathways. However, as human pressures continue to threaten apex predators, including Africa’s iconic lion, predators’ functional role in their ecosystems may be compromised. Where lions are critically endangered, we found no evidence of avoidance behavior in either competitor or prey species from a camera survey in the largest protected area complex in West Africa. Our findings raise concerns that lions have already become functionally extinct in portions of their West African range, highlighting the urgency of restorative efforts and environmental investments to reverse current declining population trends and the loss of regulatory roles.
Causal evidence of network communication in whole-brain dynamics through a multiplexed neural code
Authors: Salvan Piergiorgio , Lazari Alberto , Vidaurre Diego , Mandino Francesca , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Grandjean Joanes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn important question in neuroscience is how local activity can be flexibly and selectively routed across the brain network. A proposed mechanism to flexibly route information is frequency division multiplexing: selective readout can be achieved by segregating the signal into non-overlapping frequency bands. Here, in wild-type mice and in a transgenic model (3xTgAD) of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), we use optogenetic activation of the entorhinal cortex, concurrent whole-brain fMRI, and hidden Markov modeling. We demonstrate how inducing neuronal spiking with different theta frequencies causes spatially distinct states of brain network dynamics to emerge and to preferentially respond to one frequency, showing how selective information streams can arise from a single neuronal source of activity. This theta modulation mechanism, however, is impaired in the AD model. This work demonstrates that neuronal multiplexing is a sufficient mechanism to enable flexible brain network communication, and provides insight into the aberrant mechanisms underlying cognitive decline.
Automated objective dystonia identification using smartphone-quality gait videos acquired in clinic
Authors: Miao Hanyang , Ueda Keisuke , Pearson Toni S. , Aravamuthan Bhooma R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDystonia diagnosis is subjective and often difficult, particularly when co-morbid with spasticity as occurs in cerebral palsy.ObjectiveTo develop an objective clinical screening method for dystoniaMethodsWe analyzed 30 gait videos (640×360 pixel resolution, 30 frames/second) of subjects with spastic cerebral palsy acquired during routine clinic visits. Dystonia was identified by consensus of three movement disorders specialists (15 videos with and 15 without dystonia). Limb position was calculated using deep neural network-guided pose estimation (DeepLabCut) to determine inter-knee distance variance, foot angle variance, and median foot angle difference between limbs.ResultsAll gait variables were significant predictors of dystonia. An inter-knee distance variance greater than 14 pixels together with a median foot angle difference greater than 10 degrees yielded 93% sensitivity and specificity for dystonia.ConclusionsOpen-source automated video gait analysis can identify features of expert-identified dystonia. Methods like this could help clinically screen for dystonia.