bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registration of Image Modalities for Analyses of Tissue Samples Using 3D Image Modelling
Authors: Hermann Juliane , Brehmer Kai , Jankowski Vera , Lellig Michaela , Hohl Mathias , Mahfoud Felix , Speer Timotheus , Schunk Stefan J. , Tschernig Thomas , Thiele Herbert , Jankowski Joachim 
Published: November 2020

PurposeBiopsies are a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of histopathological, molecular biological, proteomic, and imaging data, to narrow down disease patterns or identify diseases. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) provides an emerging state‐of‐the‐art technique for molecular imaging of biological tissue. The aim of this study is the registration of MALDI MSI data sets and data acquired from different histological stainings to create a 3D model of biopsies and whole organs.Experimental designThe registration of the image modalities is achieved by using a variant of the authors' global, deformable Schatten‐q‐Norm registration approach. Utilizing a connected‐component segmentation for background removal followed by a principal‐axis based linear pre‐registration, the images are adjusted into a homogeneous alignment. This registration approach is accompanied by the 3D reconstruction of histological and MALDI MSI data.ResultsWith this, a system of automatic registration for cross‐process evaluation, as well as for creating 3D models, is developed and established. The registration of MALDI MSI data with different histological image data is evaluated by using the established global image registration system.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn conclusion, this multimodal image approach offers the possibility of molecular analyses of tissue specimens in clinical research and diagnosis.
Learning compact physics‐aware delayed photocurrent models using dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Hanson Joshua , Bochev Pavel , Paskaleva Biliana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRadiation‐induced photocurrent in semiconductor devices can be simulated using complex physics‐based models, which are accurate, but computationally expensive. This presents a challenge for implementing device characteristics in high‐level circuit simulations where it is computationally infeasible to evaluate detailed models for multiple individual circuit elements. In this work we demonstrate a procedure for learning compact delayed photocurrent models that are efficient enough to implement in large‐scale circuit simulations, but remain faithful to the underlying physics. Our approach utilizes dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a system identification technique for learning reduced‐order discrete‐time dynamical systems from time series data based on singular value decomposition. To obtain physics‐aware device models, we simulate the excess carrier density induced by radiation pulses by solving numerically the ambipolar diffusion equation, then use the simulated internal state as training data for the DMD algorithm. Our results show that the significantly reduced‐order delayed photocurrent models obtained via this method accurately approximate the dynamics of the internal excess carrier density—which can be used to calculate the induced current at the device boundaries—while remaining compact enough to incorporate into larger circuit simulations.
Predicting just‐in‐time software defects to reduce post‐release quality costs in the maritime industry
Authors: Kang Jonggu , Ryu Duksan , Baik Jongmoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of software in maritime transportation is rapidly increasing as the industry seeks to develop and utilize innovative future ships, which can be realized using software technology. Due to the safety‐critical nature of ships, software quality assurance (SQA) has become an essential prerequisite for such development.ObjectiveBased on the unique characteristics of the maritime domain, the purpose of this study was to achieve effective SQA resource allocation to reduce post‐release quality costs.MethodSoftware defect prediction (SDP) is employed to predict defects in newly developed software based on models trained with past software defects and to update information using machine learning. This study demonstrated that just‐in‐time SDP is applicable to maritime domain practice and can reduce post‐release quality costs via combination with an estimation model, qCOPLIMO.ResultsUsing real‐world datasets collected from the maritime industry, performance and cost‐benefit analyses of SDP were performed. A successful model was obtained that meets the performance criterion of 0.75 in within‐project defect prediction (WPDP) but not cross‐project defect prediction (CPDP). In addition, the cost‐benefit analysis results showed that 20% effort enables the detection of 56% of defects on average and that the post‐release quality cost can be reduced by 37.3% in the maritime domain.ConclusionSDP can be successfully applied to the maritime domain. Further, it is desirable to utilize WPDP instead of CPDP once minimum high‐quality commits are available that can be identified as defective or not. Finally, SDP can help reduce review effort and post‐release quality costs.
Dynamical algorithms for data mining and machine learning over dynamic graphs
Authors: Haghir Chehreghani Mostafa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn many modern applications, the generated data is a dynamic network. These networks are graphs that change over time by a sequence of update operations (node addition, node deletion, edge addition, edge deletion, and edge weight change). In such networks, it is inefficient to compute from scratch the solution of a data mining/machine learning task, after any update operation. Therefore in recent years, several so‐called dynamical algorithms have been proposed that update the solution, instead of computing it from scratch. In this paper, first we formulate this emerging setting and discuss its high‐level algorithmic aspects. Then, we review state of the art dynamical algorithms proposed for several data mining and machine learning tasks, including frequent pattern discovery, betweenness/closeness/PageRank centralities, clustering, classification, and regression.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Technologies > Machine Learning
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Precise calculation of the decay rate of false vacuum with multi-field bounce
Authors: Chigusa So , Moroi Takeo , Shoji Yutaro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the decay rate of a false vacuum in gauge theory at the one-loop level. We pay particular attention to the case where the bounce consists of an arbitrary number of scalar fields. With a multi-field bounce, which has a curved trajectory in the field space, the mixing among the gauge fields and the scalar fields evolves along the path of the bounce in the field space and the one-loop calculation of the vacuum decay rate becomes complicated. We consider the one-loop contribution to the decay rate with an arbitrary choice of the gauge parameter, and obtain a gauge invariant expression of the vacuum decay rate. We also give proper treatments of gauge zero modes and renormalization.
The Computational Complexity of Plethysm Coefficients
Authors: Fischer Nick , Ikenmeyer Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn two papers, Bürgisser and Ikenmeyer (STOC 2011, STOC 2013) used an adaption of the geometric complexity theory (GCT) approach by Mulmuley and Sohoni (Siam J Comput 2001, 2008) to prove lower bounds on the border rank of the matrix multiplication tensor. A key ingredient was information about certain Kronecker coefficients. While tensors are an interesting test bed for GCT ideas, the far-away goal is the separation of algebraic complexity classes. The role of the Kronecker coefficients in that setting is taken by the so-called plethysm coefficients: These are the multiplicities in the coordinate rings of spaces of polynomials. Even though several hardness results for Kronecker coefficients are known, there are almost no results about the complexity of computing the plethysm coefficients or even deciding their positivity.In this paper, we show that deciding positivity of plethysm coefficients is -hard and that computing plethysm coefficients is #-hard. In fact, both problems remain hard even if the inner parameter of the plethysm coefficient is fixed. In this way, we obtain an inner versus outer contrast: If the outer parameter of the plethysm coefficient is fixed, then the plethysm coefficient can be computed in polynomial time. Moreover, we derive new lower and upper bounds and in special cases even combinatorial descriptions for plethysm coefficients, which we consider to be of independent interest. Our technique uses discrete tomography in a more refined way than the recent work on Kronecker coefficients by Ikenmeyer, Mulmuley, and Walter (Comput Compl 2017). This makes our work the first to apply techniques from discrete tomography to the study of plethysm coefficients. Quite surprisingly, that interpretation also leads to new equalities between certain plethysm coefficients and Kronecker coefficients.
Inanspruchnahme von Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland – Ergebnisse der Studie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS)
Authors: Ludwig Sabine , Starker Anne , Hermann Sophie , Jordan Susanne 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Zielsetzung
Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sollen die Arbeitsorganisation und die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessern sowie die persönlichen Kompetenzen der Beschäftigten fördern. Sie können einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung erreichen. Ziel der Studie ist, die Inanspruchnahme von verhältnis- und verhaltensbezogenen BGF-Maßnahmen anhand zentraler individueller und betrieblicher Faktoren zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
In der repräsentativen bevölkerungsbasierten Querschnittsstudie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS) des Robert Koch-Instituts wurden 14.389 Erwerbstätige im Alter von 18 bis 64 Jahren zur Kenntnis und Inanspruchnahme von Angeboten zu Rückengesundheit, Stressbewältigung/Entspannung und einer Kantine mit gesunden Ernährungsangeboten in den letzten 12 Monaten in ihrem Unternehmen befragt. Dabei wurde nach soziodemografischen Faktoren, Gesundheitsbewusstsein und dem subjektiven Gesundheitszustand stratifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Das Angebot einer Kantine wird von 64,6 % der Frauen (F) und 66,2 % der Männer (M) genutzt. Angebote zur Rückengesundheit (F: 26,2 %; M: 18,7 %) und Stressbewältigung/Entspannung (F: 35,2 %; M: 25,6 %) werden deutlich weniger in Anspruch genommen. Beschäftigte mit ausgeprägtem Gesundheitsbewusstsein nutzen alle 3 Angebote häufiger als Beschäftigte mit weniger ausgeprägtem Gesundheitsbewusstsein. Männer mit schlechtem Gesundheitszustand nutzen die verhaltenspräventiven Angebote häufiger als Männer mit gutem Gesundheitszustand.

Schlussfolgerung
Um weitere Erwerbstätige mit BGF-Maßnahmen zu erreichen, sollten diese zielgruppenspezifisch konzipiert werden. Geschlechter- und Altersaspekte, der Umfang der Erwerbstätigkeit, das Gesundheitsbewusstsein sowie der Gesundheitszustand sollten berücksichtigt werden.
Plant–Environment Interactions in the Low Arctic Torngat Mountains of Labrador
Authors: Davis Emma , Trant Andrew , Hermanutz Luise , Way Robert G. , Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Siegwart Collier Laura , Cuerrier Alain , Whitaker Darroch 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe eastern Canadian Subarctic and Arctic are experiencing significant environmental change with widespread implications for the people, plants, and animals living there. In this study, we integrate 10 years of research at the Nakvak Brook watershed in Torngat Mountains National Park of Canada, northern Labrador, to assess the sensitivity of ecological and geomorphological systems to regional climate warming. A time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index indicates that the area has undergone a significant greening trend over the past four decades. Analyses of shrub cross sections suggest that greening has been caused by a combination of rapid establishment and growth that began in the late 1990’s and coincided with warmer growing season temperatures. Recent (2010–2015) vegetation change has been subtle and heavily moderated by soil moisture status. Plant canopy height is greater in wet areas and has an insulating effect on ground surface temperatures during the winter, a consequence of snow trapping by shrub canopies. Observations of subsurface conditions indicate that the study site is best characterized as having discontinuous near-surface permafrost. The importance of subsurface conditions for above-ground vegetation depends on the geomorphological context, with plants in wet areas underlain by fine materials being the most likely to be growth-limited by permafrost, thus being potential hot-spots for future change. With the expectation of sustained climate change, loss of adjacent sea ice, and proximity to the forest-tundra ecotone, it is likely that the Torngat Mountains will continue to be an area of rapid environmental change in the coming decades.
Preschool Children’s Learning Opportunities Using Natural Numbers in Number Row Activities
Authors: Alkhede Maria , Holmqvist Mona 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study analysed how preschool teachers differently enacted the same mathematical activity for preschool children to discern numbers, and how this affected the children’s learning opportunities during the activity. The analysis was based on variation theory and Chi’s taxonomy of learning activities. Two Swedish preschool teachers’ enactment of the same mathematical activity for 27 children aged 4–6 years was studied. Video recordings of what the children were offered to discern were used in the analysis. The results indicate that variations in how the teachers chose to enact the activity produced two different learning opportunities for the children. Differences in what aspects were made discernible were closely linked to the characteristics of the activity implemented. The enactments differed even if the same game was chosen and the same amount of time was used in the play-based activity. In one preschool group, there were few opportunities to discern more than the nominal form of numbers; the other preschool group had an activity focused on all number forms simultaneously. In addition, in the latter group, the children had the opportunity to develop equinumerosity. The results suggest that the activity with limited variation was more appropriate for learning with undeveloped knowledge; the children with more developed understanding required a more varied design. This study contributes to the knowledge of how the design of an activity affects children’s learning differently, which is important when planning learning-based preschool activities.
European survey shows poor association between soil organic matter and crop yields
Authors: Vonk Wytse J. , van Ittersum Martin K. , Reidsma Pytrik , Zavattaro Laura , Bechini Luca , Guzmán Gema , Pronk Annette , Spiegel Heide , Steinmann Horst H. , Ruysschaert Greet , Hijbeek Renske 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA number of policies proposed to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content in agricultural land as a carbon sink and to enhance soil fertility. Relations between SOM content and crop yields however remain uncertain. In a recent farm survey across six European countries, farmers reported both their crop yields and their SOM content. For four widely grown crops (wheat, grain maize, sugar beet and potato), correlations were explored between reported crop yields and SOM content (N = 1264). To explain observed variability, climate, soil texture, slope, tillage intensity, fertilisation and irrigation were added as co-variables in a linear regression model. No consistent correlations were observed for any of the crop types. For wheat, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between SOM and crop yields in the Continental climate, with yields being on average 263 ± 4 (95% CI) kg ha−1 higher on soils with one percentage point more SOM. In the Atlantic climate, a significant negative correlation was observed for wheat, with yields being on average 75 ± 2 (95%CI) kg ha−1 lower on soils with one percentage point more SOM (p < 0.05). For sugar beet, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOM and crop yields was suggested for all climate zones, but this depended on a number of relatively low yield observations. For potatoes and maize, no significant correlations were observed between SOM content and crop yields. These findings indicate the need for a diversified strategy across soil types, crops and climates when seeking farmers’ support to increase SOM.
A 3D Finite Element Model of Rolling Contact Fatigue for Evolved Material Response and Residual Stress Estimation
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad U , Khan Zulfiqar A , Kruhoeffer Wolfram , Blass Toni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRolling bearing elements develop structural changes during rolling contact fatigue (RCF) along with the non-proportional stress histories, evolved residual stresses and extensive work hardening. Considerable work has been reported in the past few decades to model bearing material hardening response under RCF; however, they are mainly based on torsion testing or uniaxial compression testing data. An effort has been made here to model the RCF loading on a standard AISI 52100 bearing steel with the help of a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) which employs a semi-empirical approach to mimic the material hardening response evolved during cyclic loadings. Standard bearing balls were tested in a rotary tribometer where pure rolling cycles were simulated in a 4-ball configuration. The localised material properties were derived from post-experimental subsurface analysis with the help of nanoindentation in conjunction with the expanding cavity model. These constitutive properties were used as input cyclic hardening parameters for FEM. Simulation results have revealed that the simplistic power-law hardening model based on monotonic compression test underpredicts the residual generation, whereas the semi-empirical approach employed in current study corroborated well with the experimental findings from current research work as well as literature cited. The presence of high compressive residual stresses, evolved over millions of RCF cycles, showed a significant reduction of maximum Mises stress, predicting significant improvement in fatigue life. Moreover, the predicted evolved flow stresses are comparable with the progression of subsurface structural changes and be extended to develop numerical models for microstructural alterations.Graphic Abstract
Implementation Evaluation of a Complex Intervention to Improve Timeliness of Care for Veterans with Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Damush T. M. , Miech E. J. , Rattray N. A. , Homoya B. , Penney Lauren S. , Cheatham A. , Baird S. , Myers J , Austin C. , Myers L J , Perkins A J , Zhang Y. , Giacherio B. , Kumar M , Murphy LD , Sico J J. , Bravata D. M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Background
The Protocol-guided Rapid Evaluation of Veterans Experiencing New Transient Neurologic Symptoms (PREVENT) program was designed to address systemic barriers to providing timely guideline-concordant care for patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Objective
We evaluated an implementation bundle used to promote local adaptation and adoption of a multi-component, complex quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve the quality of TIA care Bravata et al. (BMC Neurology 19:294, 2019).

Design
A stepped-wedge implementation trial with six geographically diverse sites.

Participants
The six facility QI teams were multi-disciplinary, clinical staff.

Interventions
PREVENT employed a bundle of key implementation strategies: team activation; external facilitation; and a community of practice. This strategy bundle had direct ties to four constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): Champions, Reflecting & Evaluating, Planning, and Goals & Feedback.

Main Measures
Using a mixed-methods approach guided by the CFIR and data matrix analyses, we evaluated the degree to which implementation success and clinical improvement were associated with implementation strategies. The primary outcomes were the number of completed implementation activities, the level of team organization and > 15 points improvement in the Without Fail Rate (WFR) over 1 year.

Key Results
Facility QI teams actively engaged in the implementation strategies with high utilization. Facilities with the greatest implementation success were those with central champions whose teams engaged in planning and goal setting, and regularly reflected upon their quality data and evaluated their progress against their QI plan. The strong presence of effective champions acted as a pre-condition for the strong presence of Reflecting & Evaluating, Goals & Feedback, and Planning (rather than the other way around), helping to explain how champions at the +2 level influenced ongoing implementation.

Conclusions
The CFIR-guided bundle of implementation strategies facilitated the local implementation of the PREVENT QI program and was associated with clinical improvement in the national VA healthcare system.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02769338
MiR-367 alleviates inflammatory injury of microglia by promoting M2 polarization via targeting CEBPA
Authors: Pei Hui , Peng Qian , Guo Shewei , Gu Yulei , Sun Tongwen , Xu Dong , Jiang Yumin , Xie Jiafeng , Zhang Luanluan , Zhu Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMiR-367 was reported to regulate inflammatory response of microglia. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPA) could mediate microglia polarization. In this study, we explored the possible roles of miR-367 and CEBPA in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH and normal specimens were obtained from the tissue adjacent to and distant from hematoma of ICH patients, respectively. Microglia were isolated and identified by immunofluorescence. The isolated microglia were treated with erythrocyte lysate and randomly divided into 8 groups using different transfection reagents. The transfection efficiency of miR-367 was determined by qRT-PCR. The expressions of M1 and M2 microglia markers were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between CEBPA and miR-367 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter system. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the level of apoptosis in the cells transfected with miR-367 and CEBPA in erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia. We found that miR-367 expression level was downregulated in ICH specimens. Erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia was successfully established using erythrocyte lysate, as decreased miR-367 expression was observed. Overexpression of miR-367 could significantly decrease the expressions of MHC-ІІ, IL-1β, and Bax, reduced apoptosis rate, and increased the expressions of CD206, Bal-2, and Arg-1 in erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia. CEBPA was proved to be a direct target for miR-367, which could inhibit microglia M2 polarization and increase apoptosis rate. However, in the presence of both CEBPA and miR-367 mimic, the protein and mRNA expressions of CEBPA were decreased, leading to promoted microglia M2 polarization and a decreased apoptosis rate. MiR-367 regulates microglia polarization by targeting CEBPA and is expected to alleviate ICH-induced inflammatory injury.