bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban heavy metal contamination limits bumblebee colony growth
Authors: Sivakoff Frances S. , Prajzner Scott P. , Gardiner Mary M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Post‐industrial shrinking cities contain abundant vacant land and are increasingly recognized for their pollinator conservation potential. At the same time, the industrial legacies of these urban ecosystems have resulted in elevated levels of heavy metals in surface soils, which could negatively affect bee populations.

We investigated whether foraging within heavy metal contaminated landscapes represents a fitness cost for the common Eastern bumblebee Bombus impatiens, by placing colonies in residential backyards along an urban to rural gradient extending south and east from the city of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Bees foraged in the landscape for 3 weeks, after which time we counted the total number of workers and larvae present in the colony and analysed castes for the presence of heavy metals. We then assessed the relationship between landscape composition, heavy metal loads and caste abundance.

Colonies located in urban landscapes were more likely to be exposed to lead (Pb). Elevated concentrations of Pb within workers were negatively correlated with both the number of workers and the number of larvae present.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings raise concern that lead (Pb) contamination could represent a significant challenge to bee conservation in cities. To elucidate risks posed by this pollutant, we highlight a need to quantify lethal and sub‐lethal effects of Pb exposure using laboratory and field‐based studies. Further, identifying routes of exposure and landscape factors that influence exposure risk is necessary to implement mitigation strategies as part of urban conservation initiatives.
Production of set‐type yoghurt using Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans strains with probiotic potential as starter adjuncts
Authors: Akpinar Asli , Saygili Derya , Yerlikaya Oktay 
Published: April 2020

The study investigated the potential use of Enterococcus faecium and E.durans strains as adjunct cultures in the production of set‐type probiotic yoghurt. There were significant changes and differences in the pH, titratable acidity, textural properties and microbiological properties of the products containing adjunct culture during the storage period (P < 0.05), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between the sensory properties (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of Enterococcus species that have known probiotic properties as the adjunct culture in yoghurt production can also positively affect the physical, chemical and rheological properties in addition to its positive effects to the functional properties by increasing the viable probiotic bacterial counts.
Menopause and the workplace: New directions in HRM research and HR practice
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Beck Vanessa , Brewis Jo , Davies Andrea , Duberley Joanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper offers two key arguments. The first is that HRM scholars and HR practitioners need to pay a good deal more attention to the bi‐directional relationship between menopause and the workplace—how menopausal symptoms can affect women's experience of work and how work can exacerbate a woman's symptoms. We outline the social responsibility, demographic, legal and business cases which explain the urgency of more research and more concerted practice in this area. Our second argument concerns the importance of future research and practice adopting an intersectional political economy approach, in order to better understand the considerable differences between how women going through menopause transition experience work. Here, we offer arguments ranging from the macro‐ through the meso‐ down to the micro‐level of these differences, in so doing setting an agenda for the work to come on this very significant issue.
Examining the Relationship Between Self‐Reported Drinking and In‐Laboratory Drinking and Craving: Is There Concordance?
Authors: DeMartini Kelly S. , Pittman Brian , Krystal John H. , O’Malley Stephanie S. , Krishnan‐Sarin Suchitra 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIn‐laboratory drinking sessions that allow direct assessment of drinking and craving are an emerging method for testing novel pharmacotherapy compounds and behavioral interventions for alcohol use disorders. Despite wide implementation, limited evidence supports the concordance between drinking in the laboratory and in a natural setting. This study examined the relationship between self‐reports of drinking prior to and drinking and craving during an alcohol drinking paradigm (ADP).MethodsParticipants were adult heavy drinkers (N = 64) who participated in a pharmacotherapy study. Participants completed self‐report alcohol assessments and a baseline ADP session prior to any medication administration. Alcohol craving was assessed during priming and ad lib ADP phases. Outcomes were the associations of total drinks consumed in‐laboratory and summary drinking measures for the 30 days prior to the ADP and reports of maximum drinks (past year and lifetime). Additional outcomes were the association of self‐reported drinking and alcohol craving during the ADP and the concordance between self‐report and ADP World Health Organization (WHO) drinking classifications.ResultsNumber of drinking days, average drinks per drinking occasion, and lifetime and past‐year maximum drinks were all related to drinking in the laboratory. Heavy drinking days were not related to drinking in the laboratory but were associated with ADP craving. Alcohol craving was also associated with other measures of self‐reported drinking. There was also a significant association between WHO drinking risk classification and in‐laboratory drinking.ConclusionsThe observed relationships between self‐reported drinking and drinking in‐laboratory across drinking indices suggest that in‐laboratory alcohol consumption may reflect participants’ real‐world alcohol consumption, supporting the value of laboratory‐based drinking paradigms. The demonstrated relationship with self‐reported drinking and ADP alcohol craving further supports the value of such paradigms to model key drinking predictors. These results provide support for the validity of laboratory‐based paradigms to accurately reflect participants’ recent drinking levels.
Use of the Robson Ten Group Classification System to categorise operative vaginal delivery
Authors: O’Leary Bobby D. , Kane Daniel T. , Kruseman Aretz Nicholas , Geary Michael P. , Malone Fergal D. , Hehir Mark P. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOperative vaginal delivery (OVD), either vacuum or forceps, can be used to expedite vaginal delivery. While rates of OVD have been reducing worldwide, rates in Ireland remain high. The Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) was originally created to compare rates of caesarean delivery between healthcare units, although no similar system exists for the analysis of OVD.AimsWe sought to examine rates of OVD using the TGCS in an effort to understand which patient groups make significant contributions to the overall rate of OVD.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all women delivering in a tertiary‐level university institution in Dublin, Ireland, from 2007 to 2016. Mode of delivery for all patients was extracted from contemporaneously recorded hospital records. Rates of OVD were analysed according to the TGCS, and the contribution of each group to the overall hospital population was calculated.ResultsThere were 86 191 deliveries of women in our institution, of which 19.3% (16 673/86 191) had an OVD. Women in Group 1 (singleton, cephalic, nulliparous women at term in spontaneous labour) contributed the most to the overall rate of OVD, accounting for almost half of all OVDs (46.1% (7679/16 673)). Nulliparous women with a singleton, cephalic fetus at term who were induced (Group 2) were more likely to have an OVD than similar patients who laboured spontaneously (Group 1).ConclusionOVD accounts for almost one in five deliveries in our population and is predominately performed in nulliparous women. These groups may be the subject of interventions to lower rates of OVD. The Robson TGCS is a freely available tool to hospitals and birthing centres to facilitate comparison of rates of OVD on local and national levels.
Morphological description of the male reproductive tract of the Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene, Gray, 1850)
Authors: Spinelli Lucas G. , Randi Caroline B. , Mari Renata B. , Angrimani Daniel S. R. , Carvalho Vitor Luz , de Meirelles Ana Carolina Oliveira , Vergara‐Parente Jociery E. , Guimarães Juliana P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStenella clymene is an endemic species of dolphin living in tropical regions in the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its wide distribution, there is still scarce information on Stenella clymene, including its reproductive biology. In this context, this work describes the morphology of the whole male reproductive tract of the Clymene dolphin. Five males (N = 5) were studied after stranding on the northeast coast of Brazil. The analysis was performed through the use of macroscopic techniques and light and scanning microscopy. The male reproductive system consists of large testes wrapped around the tunica albuginea and adhered to the epididymis; the testes are attached to the abdominal cavity by the mesorchium. The ductus deferens is convoluted in the proximal portion and rectilinear in the distal portion. The prostate was the only accessory gland found, which is submerged by the prostate compressor muscle and lined with a dense fibroelastic capsule. The penis is classified as fibroelastic, with a spiral sigmoid flexure associated with a large volume of muscle tissue. The penis is inserted into two vestigial bones or pelvic bones, which exhibit no connection with the spine. In conclusion, the macro‐ and microscopic conformation and other morphofunctional features of the male reproductive organs of Stenella clymene are in accord with the anatomy observed in other Cetartiodactyla.
Having a son or daughter with an intellectual disability transition to adulthood: A parental perspective
Authors: Codd Jon , Hewitt Olivia 
Published: April 2020

Accessible Summary

Becoming an adult can be a difficult time. We wanted to find out what it is like for parents who have a son or daughter with an intellectual disability. Ten parents were interviewed. They were asked questions about being in their family, helping their son or daughter, and support services for people with an intellectual disability and their parents.

Things that mattered the most to parents: Many parents were confused about what to do when their son or daughter became eighteen years old. They were worried about the future. Independence was important. Parents found it hard sometimes helping their son or daughter to be more independent. Getting more help and talking to other parents.

Services and staff can help by: Working together in a better way to help parents. Setting up support groups for parents to talk together and learn from each other. Writing better plans with every person with an intellectual disability.

AbstractBackgroundTransition to adulthood is an important time for young people and may be a particularly challenging time for people with intellectual disabilities. However, there has been little research in the UK regarding the experiences of parents who have son or daughter with an intellectual disability transitioning to adulthood.MethodThe study used interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of ten parents who had a son or daughter (aged 18–25 years) with an intellectual disability. Half of the sample also had a diagnosis of autism.ResultsThree superordinate themes were generated from the data: (a) Transition: The Good, the Bad and Unknown; (b) Striving for Independence; and (c) Supporting the Supporters. Parents experienced many difficulties and uncertainty related to their role, their son/daughter's independence, navigating services for their son/daughter and accessing support for themselves.ConclusionsIncreased collaboration and consistency from statutory services is required in addition to providing emotional support to parents and facilitating parent support networks.
A pattern of care analysis: Prosthetic rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy
Authors: Wiedenmann Felicitas , Liebermann Anja , Probst Florian , Troeltzsch Matthias , Balermpas Panagiotis , Guckenberger Matthias , Edelhoff Daniel , Mayinger Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile some medical associations provide guidelines for the implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients, the circulation and implementation in the everyday routine of practicing dentists remain unknown.PurposeTo analyze patterns of care for the prosthetic rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy in German speaking countries.Materials and methodsAn online survey consisting of 34 questions separated into three sections, (a) general inquiries, (b) treatment concepts, and (c) patient cases, was forwarded to university hospital departments for Prosthetic Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and members of different medical associations. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using chi‐squared test (P < .05).ResultsFrom May to October 2019, 118 participants completed the survey. The majority practiced in university hospitals, had more than 5 years of work experience, and reported to be involved in <10 post radiation prosthetic rehabilitation cases per year. Rehabilitation protocols involving dental implants were implemented by oral/oral‐ and maxillofacial surgeons and prosthetic dentists, while general dentists favored implant‐free solutions. Xerostomia was recognized as a common problem for a successful prosthetic rehabilitation. The subsequent treatment choice with either fixed dental prostheses or removable dentures was divided among participants.ConclusionsAs treatment planning differed with regard to the participants' field of expertise and work environment, and most practitioners only handle a low number of cases, patients might benefit from centralization in larger institutes with a multidisciplinary structure. A high agreement between the practitioners' treatment concepts and the current state of research was observed. While the choice between a mucosa‐ or tooth‐supported, and an implant‐supported restoration depends on numerous individual factors, guidelines derived from longitudinal studies would enhance evidence‐based treatment in this field.
Modification of carbon black pigment: Cotton fabric colouring and anti‐bacterial finishing
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Min , Wang Liangan , Wang Dong , Fu Shaohai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFunctional polymer modified carbon black (CB) pigment (P‐(DMC‐co‐CHPMA)‐g‐MPTS/CB) with reactive epoxy and quaternary ammonium groups was designed and prepared via a thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction, and its dispersion ability in the aqueous phase, as well as its colouring and anti‐bacterial properties for cotton fabrics, were investigated. In considering both dispersion ability and reactive ability to cotton fabric, the mole ratio of the monomers (methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride [DMC] and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate [CHPMA]) was discussed. Morphology and chemical properties of P‐(DMC‐co‐CHPMA)‐g‐MPTS/CB were tested by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, resulting in a weight content of copolymer (DMC‐co‐CHPMA) in P‐(DMC‐co‐CHPMA)‐g‐MPTS/CB ofca. 18%. P‐(DMC‐co‐CHPMA)‐g‐MPTS/CB was fixed onto cotton fabric via a nucleophilic‐substituted reaction between reactive epoxy groups on the CB surface and the hydroxyl groups of cotton fabric, which endowed good fastness to cotton fabric without either a fixing or an adhesive agent. Also, coloured cotton fabric demonstrated excellent anti‐bacterial activity towardsStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliO157:H7.
Histopathology and genetic susceptibility in COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: von der Thüsen Jan , van der Eerden Menno 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical features of COVID‐19 pneumonia range from a mild illness to patients with a very severe illness with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring ventilation and Intensive Care Unit admission.AimsTo provide a brief overview of the existing evidence for such differences in host response and outcome, and generate hypotheses for divergent patterns and avenues for future research, by highlighting similarities and differences in histopathological appearance between COVID‐19 and influenza as well as previous coronavirus outbreaks, and by discussing predisposition through genetics and underlying disease.Materials and MethodWe assessed the available early literature for histopathological patterns of COVID‐19 pneumonia and underlying risk factors.ResultThe histopathological spectrum of COVID‐19 pneumonia includes variable patterns of epithelial damage, vascular complications, fibrosis and inflammation. Risk factors for a fatal disease include older age, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension.DiscussionWhile some risk factors and their potential role in COVID‐19 pneumonia are increasingly recognized, little is known about the mechanisms behind episodes of sudden deterioration or the infrequent idiosyncratic clinical demise in otherwise healthy and young subjects.ConclusionThe answer to many of the remaining questions regarding COVID‐19 pneumonia pathogenesis may in time be provided by genotyping as well careful clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological phenotyping.
Developmental origins and homologies of the hyracoid dentition
Authors: Gomes Rodrigues Helder , Tabuce Rodolphe , Asher Robert J. , Hautier Lionel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the origins of morphological specializations in mammals is a key goal in evolutionary biology. It can be accomplished by studying dental homology, which is at the core of most evolutionary and developmental studies. Here, we focused on the evolution and development of the specialized dentition of hyraxes for which dental homologies have long been debated, and could have implications on early placental evolution. Specifically, we analysed dental mineralization sequences of the three living genera of hyraxes and 17 fossil species using X‐ray computed microtomography. Our results point out the labile position of vestigial upper teeth on jaw bones in extant species, associated with the frequently unusual premolar shape of deciduous canines over 50 Ma of hyracoid evolution. We proposed two evolutionary and developmental hypotheses to explain these original hyracoid dental characteristics. (a) The presence of a vestigial teeth on the maxilla in front of a complex deciduous canine could be interpreted as extra‐teeth reminiscent of early placental evolution or sirenians, an order phylogenetically close to hyracoids and showing five premolars. (b) These vestigial teeth could also correspond to third incisors with a position unusually shifted on the maxilla, which could be explained by the dual developmental origin of these most posterior incisors and their degenerated condition. This integrative study allows discussion on the current evolutionary and developmental paradigms associated with the mammalian dentition. It also highlights the importance of nonmodel species to understand dental homologies.
Clinical benefit of ixazomib plus lenalidomide‐dexamethasone in myeloma patients with non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway activation
Authors: Dash Ajeeta B. , Zhang Jacob , Shen Lei , Li Bin , Berg Deborah , Lin Jianchang , Avet‐Loiseau Hervé , Bahlis Nizar J. , Moreau Philippe , Richardson Paul G. , Di Bacco Alessandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvaluating potential relationships between progression‐free survival (PFS) and tumor gene expression patterns and mutational status was an exploratory objective of the phase 3 TOURMALINE‐MM1 study (NCT01564537) of ixazomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (IRd) vs placebo‐Rd in 722 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsWe utilized gene expression and mutation data from screening bone marrow aspirates to identify tumors with non‐canonical nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway activation.ResultsDNA/RNA sequencing data were available for 339 (47.0%)/399 (55.2%) patients; 49/339 (14.5%) patients had non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway gene mutations (tumor‐necrosis‐factor receptor‐associated factor 2, 3 [TRAF2, TRAF3], baculoviral‐inhibitor‐of‐apoptosis repeat‐containing 2/3 [BIRC2/3]), and PFS was significantly longer with IRd vs placebo‐Rd in these patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23). In patients with lower TRAF3 expression (median not reached vs 11 months, HR 0.47) and higher NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK) expression (median not reached vs 14 months, HR 0.45), both associated with non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway activation, PFS was significantly longer with IRd vs placebo‐Rd. TRAF3 expression was decreased in patients harboring t(4;14) and 1q21 amplification, suggesting increased non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway activation.ConclusionsAdding ixazomib to Rd provides clinical benefit in MM tumors with increased non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway activity. This is a potential mechanism for activity in 1q21 amplified high‐risk tumors.
Hyperglycemia‐related FAS gene and hsa‐let‐7b‐5p as markers of poor outcomes for ischaemic stroke
Authors: Chi N.‐F. , Chiou H.‐Y. , Chou S.‐Y. , Hu C.‐J. , Chen K.‐Y. , Chang C.‐F. , Hsieh Y.‐C. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeHyperglycemia in acute stroke leads to poor neurological outcomes. The role of microRNA (miRNA) in hyperglycemia‐associated genes can provide new avenues for stroke prognostic applications. We aimed to identify novel genes and their regulated miRNAs that are associated with hyperglycemia‐induced unfavorable stroke outcomes and further validated in the plasma exosome. Moreover, we intended to evaluate the prognostic ability of miRNA–messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers in addition to using traditional risk factors.MethodsAfter the integration analysis of small RNA sequencing and mRNA polymerase chain reaction array, two mRNAs and six miRNAs were selected for validation in middle cerebral artery occlusion animal models and ischaemic stroke patients. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to determine the performance of mRNA and miRNA expression.ResultsThe increased Fas expression was associated with hyperglycemia after acute stroke onset in animal and human studies. In addition, Fas gene level was significantly higher in patients with an unfavorable outcome when compared with patients with a favorable outcome. The expression of Fas and miRNA hsa‐let‐7b‐5p in addition to traditional risk factors could increase the discrimination and predictive ability for poor prognosis. The higher exosomal Fas was further observed among patients with an unfavorable outcome, suggesting Fas signal transporting through exosome in the circulation system.ConclusionsCombined analyses of Fas and has‐let‐7b‐5p expression in addition to traditional risk factors are favorable prognostic biomarkers for predicting poor neurological outcomes at 3 months after stroke onset in ischaemic stroke patients. Additional studies are required to address the precise role of the apoptosis pathway in unfavorable hyperglycemia‐induced stroke outcomes.