bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk preferences in self–other decisions: The effect of payoff allocation framing
Authors: Li Haihong , Yang Yimo , Liu Dingrui , Xie Xiaofei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of framing is well established: Decision makers' preferences are influenced by how outcomes or attributes are phrased. In the financial domain, individuals often make decisions for themselves and for others. Therefore, decisions in a two‐person context with the outcome equally allocated can be framed in two ways defined as the allocation framing: (1) self‐allocation frame: making a decision for oneself, with half the payoffs shared by another person; and (2) other‐allocation frame: making a decision for the other person and sharing half the payoffs. The results of six studies provided consistent evidence that people are more risk seeking in the self‐allocation frame than in the other‐allocation frame, and the effect was only noteworthy in the gain domain—not the loss domain. Our findings on allocation framing provide a meaningful contribution to studies of self–other decision making.
Effects of high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness, quality of life and treatment outcomes after oesophagectomy for cancer of the gastro-oesophageal junction: PRESET pilot study
Authors: Simonsen C , Thorsen-Streit S , Sundberg A , Djurhuus S S , Mortensen C E , Qvortrup C , Pedersen B K , Svendsen L B , Heer P , Christensen J F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Treatment for cancer of the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) can result in considerable and persistent impairment of physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This controlled follow-up study investigated the feasibility and safety of postoperative exercise training.

Methods
Patients with stage I–III GOJ cancer were allocated to 12 weeks of postoperative concurrent aerobic and resistance training (exercise group) or usual care (control group). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and HRQoL were evaluated. Adherence to adjuvant chemotherapy, hospitalizations and 1-year overall survival were recorded to assess safety.

Results
Some 49 patients were studied. The exercise group attended a mean of 69 per cent of all prescribed sessions. After exercise, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were increased and returned to pretreatment levels. At 1-year follow-up, the exercise group had improved HRQoL (+13·5 points, 95 per cent c.i. 2·2 to 24·9), with no change in the control group (+3·7 points, −5·9 to 13·4), but there was no difference between the groups at this time point (+9·8 points, −5·1 to 24·8). Exercise was safe, with no differences in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (14 of 16 versus 16 of 19; relative risk (RR) 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·74 to 1·44), relative dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy (mean 57 versus 63 per cent; P = 0·479), hospitalization (7 of 19 versus 6 of 23; RR 1·41, 0·57 to 3·49) or 1-year overall survival (80 versus 79 per cent; P = 0·839) for exercise and usual care respectively.

Conclusion
Exercise in the postoperative period is safe and may have the potential to improve physical fitness in patients with GOJ cancer. No differences in prognostic endpoints or HRQoL were observed. Registration number: NCT02722785 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Factors associated with metachronous metastases and survival in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Baird D L H , Kontovounisios C , Simillis C , Pellino G , Rasheed S , Tekkis P P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Better understanding of the impact of metachronous metastases in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer may improve decision-making. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing metachronous metastasis and its impact on survival in patients who have a beyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) operation.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who had bTME surgery for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer at a tertiary referral centre between January 2006 and December 2016. The primary outcome was overall survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. The influence of metachronous metastases on survival was investigated.

Results
Of 220 included patients, 171 were treated for locally advanced primary tumours and 49 for recurrent rectal cancer. Some 90·0 per cent had a complete resection with negative margins. Median follow-up was 26·0 (range 1·5–119·6) months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 71·1 per cent. Local recurrence and metachronous metastasis rates were 11·8 and 22·2 per cent respectively. Patients with metachronous metastases had a worse overall survival than patients without metastases (median 52·9 months versus estimated mean 109·4 months respectively; hazard ratio (HR) 6·73, 95 per cent c.i. 3·23 to 14·00). Advancing pT category (HR 2·01, 1·35 to 2·98), pN category (HR 2·43, 1·65 to 3·59), vascular invasion (HR 2·20, 1·22 to 3·97) and increasing numbers of positive lymph nodes (HR 1·19, 1·07 to 1·16) increased the risk of metachronous metastasis. Nine of 17 patients (53 per cent) with curatively treated synchronous metastases at presentation developed metachronous metastases, compared with 40 of 203 (19·7 per cent) without synchronous metastases (P = 0·002). Corresponding median length of disease-free survival was 17·5 versus 90·8 months (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
As metachronous metastases impact negatively on survival after bTME surgery, factors associated with metachronous metastases may serve as selection tools when determining suitability for treatment with curative intent.
Do environmental regulations hamper small enterprises' market entry? Evidence from China
Authors: Li Guangqin , Lu Shiyu , Shao Shuai , Yang Lili , Zhang Ke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the serious increase of environmental pollution in China, environmental regulations have become significantly stringent. Such regulations are playing an increasingly important role in the development of small enterprises (SEs) in China, especially in SEs' market entry. However, existing studies pay little attention to this issue. This paper investigates for the first time the effect of environmental regulations on SEs' market entry and the mechanism of environmental regulation effects in China. We consider two sets of panel data for the periods 2003–2010 and 2012–2015 in China. We also use the fixed effect model and the instrumental variable method to explore the role of environmental regulations in SEs' market entry. The results show that, overall, environmental regulations play a significantly positive and robust role in SEs' market entry. However, the mechanisms associated with the effect of environmental regulations on different innovative types of SEs differ. Environmental regulations promote the market entry of SEs with product innovation, but this impact is not significant for SEs with research and development (R&D) activities and R&D institutions. Our findings indicate that China's SEs prefer product innovation, which is a lower level innovative type, over R&D innovation, as a means to avoid the negative impact of stringent environmental regulations.
Optimization of electroporation and other non‐viral gene delivery strategies for T cells
Authors: Harris Emily , Elmer Jacob J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCAR‐T therapy is a particularly effective treatment for some types of cancer that uses retroviruses to deliver the gene for a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to a patient's T cells ex vivo. The CAR enables the T cells to bind and eradicate cells with a specific surface marker (e.g., CD19+ B cells) after they are transfused back into the patient. This treatment was proven to be particularly effective in treating non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the current CAR‐T cell manufacturing process has a few significant drawbacks. For example, while lentiviral and gammaretroviral transduction are both relatively effective, the process of producing viral vectors is time‐consuming and costly. Additionally, patients must undergo follow up appointments for several years to monitor them for any unanticipated side effects associated with the virus. Therefore, several studies have endeavored to find alternative non‐viral gene delivery methods that are less expensive, more precise, simple, and safe. This review focuses on the current state of the most promising non‐viral gene delivery techniques, including electroporation and transfection with cationic polymers or lipids.
Effective botulinum neurotoxin injection in treating iliopsoas spasticity
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Lee Hyung‐Jin , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Lee Kyu‐Lim , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo detect ideal locations for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection by exploring the intramuscular nerve arborization of the psoas major and iliacus muscles.MethodA modified Sihler's method was performed on the psoas major and iliacus muscles (16 specimens each). Intramuscular nerve arborization was recorded according to the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), the lesser trochanter (LT), and the transverse process of the 12th thoracic vertebra.ResultsIntramuscular nerve arborization of the psoas major muscle was the largest from 1/5 to 3/5 the distance from the transverse process of the 12th thoracic vertebra to the PSIS, and the tendinous portion of the muscle occupied from 3/5 to 5/5 this distance. In terms of the plane of the ASIS, the PSIS, and the LT, the arborization of the iliacus muscle was the largest from 1/5 to 3/5 the horizontal distance and 0 to 1/3, the distance longitudinally, and from 1/5 to 2/5, the horizontal distance and 1/3 to 2/3, the longitudinal distance.DiscussionThese results suggest that an injection of BoNT to the psoas major and iliacus muscle should be applied in specific areas. Additionally, the posterior approach is an ideal method for targeting only the psoas major because the injection point is above the PSIS. However, when treating both the psoas major and iliacus muscles, the proximal anterior approach is an ideal method according to the arborization patterns.
Metabolic syndrome predicts postoperative complications after gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients: Development of an individualized usable nomogram and rating model
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Weiteng , Sun Xiangwei , Shi Mingming , Xu Libin , Cai Yiqi , Chen Wenjing , Mao Chenchen , Shen Xian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS), a public health problem, is reportedly related to an increased risk of postoperative complications after surgery. However, whether MetS have an effect on complications after gastric cancer (GC) surgery are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative MetS on complications after gastrectomy.MethodsAltogether, 718 gastric cancer patients who planned to receive radical gastrectomy between June 2014 and December 2016 were enrolled, demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for postoperative complications. A predictive model for postoperative complications was constructed in the form of a nomogram, and its clinical usefulness was assessed.ResultsOf the 628 patients ultimately included in the study (mean age 62.92 years, 450 men and 178 women), 84 were diagnosed with MetS preoperatively. Severe postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥II) were significantly more common in patients with MetS (41.7% versus 23.7%, P < .001). Predictors of postoperative complications included MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.800, P = .023), age (OR = 1.418, P = .050), Charlson score (OR = 1.787, P = .004 for 1‐2 points) and anastomosis type (OR = 1.746, P = .007 for Billroth II reconstruction). The high‐risk rating had a high AUC (ROC I = 0.503, ROC Ib = 0.544, ROC IIa = 0.601, ROC IIb = 0.612, ROC IIc = 0.638, ROC III = 0.735), indicating that the risk‐rating model has good discriminative capacity and clinical usefulness.ConclusionsMetS was an independent risk factor for complications after gastrectomy. The nomogram and rating model incorporating MetS, Billroth II anastomosis, age, and Charlson score was useful for individualized prediction of postoperative complications.
COVID‐19 and Oncology: Service transformation during pandemic
Authors: Leung Marco Shiu Tsun , Lin Shangzhe George , Chow Jason , Harky Amer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems around the world, where resources have refocused on increasing critical bed capacity to prepare for the peak in incidence of COVID‐19. Oncology faces an unprecedented challenge as patients require multidisciplinary care and are more likely to be immunosuppressed. Services in oncology have been transformed using minimal resources over a short period of time. This transformation continues and telemedicine is playing a key role.AimsWe explore how services in oncology have transformed to deliver services including consultations, systemic anticancer therapy, and surgery for patients, while shielding them from contracting COVID‐19. We assess the risks and benefits of the service transformation in the immediate, interim, and long term, and how telemedicine supports the process.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and latest official data from May to June 2020.ResultsThrough the published literature on this topic, we discuss the transformations in oncology and the impact on patients and healthcare workers due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We reflect on the lessions from COVID‐19 and assess the role of telemedicine in the future of oncology services.ConclusionTransformation of services in oncology effectively shields patients from COVID‐19 infections, and telemedicine plays a role in virtual consultations. The long‐term effects are yet to be seen, such as safety of home‐based treatment, and effectiveness of virtual communication on patient care. As oncology requires a multidisciplinary approach, telemedicine will play a key role to improve patient‐centered cancer care in the future.
Assessment of harms, benefits, and cost‐effectiveness of prostate cancer screening: A micro‐simulation study of 230 scenarios
Authors: Getaneh Abraham M. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. , Roobol Monique J. , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer screening incurs a high risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. An organized and age‐targeted screening strategy may reduce the associated harms while retaining or enhancing the benefits.MethodsUsing a micro‐simulation analysis (MISCAN) model, we assessed the harms, benefits, and cost‐effectiveness of 230 prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening strategies in a Dutch population. Screening strategies were varied by screening start age (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55), stop age (51‐69), and intervals (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and single test). Costs and effects of each screening strategy were compared with a no‐screening scenario.ResultsThe most optimum strategy would be screening with 3‐year intervals at ages 55–64 resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €19 733 per QALY. This strategy predicted a 27% prostate cancer mortality reduction and 28 life years gained (LYG) per 1000 men; 36% of screen‐detected men were overdiagnosed. Sensitivity analyses did not substantially alter the optimal screening strategy.ConclusionsPSA screening beyond age 64 is not cost‐effective and associated with a higher risk of overdiagnosis. Similarly, starting screening before age 55 is not a favored strategy based on our cost‐effectiveness analysis.
Impact of genetic alterations on outcomes of patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer: An analysis of the cancer genome atlas data
Authors: Xu Song , Wang Yanye , Ren Fan , Li Xiongfei , Ren Dian , Dong Ming , Chen Gang , Song Zuoqing , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic factors for early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of highly frequent mutations on the outcomes patients with early‐stage NSCLC, particularly those with surgically resected stage I disease.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), and Pan‐Lung Cancer (PLC) were accessed via cBioportal and searched to identify patients with stage I NSCLC. We identified candidate genes with a high (>10%) frequency of mutations and copy‐number alterations and examined their effect on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The details of clinicopathologic features were analyzed with the Fisher's exact， Mann‐Whitney U test and Cox regression analysis. Survival was analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier curves, and differences were compared with the log‐rank and chi‐square test.ResultsWe identified 408 patients with stage I NSCLC from the PLC dataset. Of the 41 candidate genes with high‐frequency mutation rates, six genes were significantly associated with OS: TP53, LPP, MAP3K13, FGF12, BCL6, and TP63. Further stratified analysis in PLC, LUAD, and LUSC datasets, we only identified that TP53 was significantly associated with OS in patients with surgically resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsTP53 mutations are potentially markers of poor prognosis for stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients. The mutation status of this gene may contribute to clinical decision‐making with respect to selecting patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Animating turbulent fluid with a robust and efficient high‐order advection method
Authors: Zhu Jian , Li Silong , Cai Ruichu , Hao Zhifeng , Huang Guoheng , Sheng Bin , Wu Enhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of advection has a great influence on the visual effect of fluid simulation. Constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method has been an important advection scheme because of its third‐order accuracy and the fact that it only needs to be performed over a compact stencil, but extending it to high‐dimensional advection equations is not easy, because it involves complex calculations and large memory overheads, and is usually unstable. In this article, we propose a stable and efficient three‐dimensional (3D) CIP scheme which can maintain high accuracy but requires low computation and memory cost. We first construct an efficient two‐dimensional (2D) CIP scheme based on dimensional splitting and local Taylor expansions, and then propose an effective way to extend it for 3D applications without decreasing the computational accuracy or affecting the stability. The experimental results show the advantages of our method over the state‐of‐the‐art advection schemes.
Reverse remodeling after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in severe but asymptomatic LVOT obstruction (RASTA) study: Rationale and design of transcatheter septal reduction in asymptomatic patients with severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arslan Fatih , Akdim Fatima , ten Berg Jurriën M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on remodeling in asymptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and severe left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction.BackgroundSymptoms justify invasive treatment in HOCM patients with LVOT obstruction. Adverse structural and functional changes (remodeling) in the heart occur preceding heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Early invasive treatment in asymptomatic patients may reverse adverse remodeling to the same extent as in symptomatic patients.MethodsReverse remodeling after PTSMA in severe but asymptomatic LVOT obstruction (RASTA) study is a prospective single‐blind randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04230551). Ten asymptomatic HOCM patients with an exertional LVOT gradient ≥50 mmHg (or >30 mmHg in rest) are randomized 1:1 to PTSMA versus conservative therapy, in the absence of mitral valve disease or other indications for cardiac surgery. Five symptomatic (reference group) will undergo PTSMA according to the current guidelines.ResultsRemodeling is assessed using extensive cardiac imaging with transthoracic echocardiography and late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance at baseline and during follow‐up at 1, 12, and 24 months. Extracellular volume fraction, global, and regional strain analysis, geometry, pressure gradients and changes in four‐dimensional velocity mapping are primary parameters to study (reversal of) adverse remodeling.ConclusionsThe RASTA study gives insight in cardiac remodeling that may occur in asymptomatic patients after PTSMA. It will provide arguments whether to pursue (or not) a larger trial with clinical endpoints in asymptomatic HOCM patients with severe LVOT obstruction.
Percutaneous treatment of left ventricular assist device outflow graft obstruction
Authors: Raza Munis , Williams Nina , Barry Neil , Singh Vikas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOwing to the growing population with end stage heart failure, the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become more widely accepted. Although survival has improved with newer generation LVADs, multiple complications including pump failure due to outflow graft obstruction have become more clinically relevant. Patients with this complication will present with heart failure symptoms due to inadequate unloading of the left ventricle by LVAD. This rare complication often requires open surgical repair in an already high‐risk patient population. Alternative means to relieve the obstruction via percutaneous intervention has been described in rare cases. We present two unique cases of LVAD outflow graft obstruction which were percutaneously treated successfully. This article illustrates a potential treatment strategy for outflow graft obstruction with stenting as an alternative to open‐heart surgery.
Effects of different hydrocolloids on physicochemical properties of high‐moisture fermented rice cake during storage
Authors: Meng Ling‐Wei , Kim Sang Moo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn order to improve the quality of high‐moisture fermented rice cake (FRC) and analyze its staling mechanism, the texture, amylopectin retrogradation, water status and microstructure of FRCs with carrageenan (CA), locust bean gum (LBG), arabic gum (AG), xanthan gum (XT), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) during 4 days of storage at 25°C were analyzed.FindingsThe addition of 0.2% AG and 0.2% HPMC increased the softness of FRCs during storage. The specific gravity and pH values of rice batters were not affected by hydrocolloid, but their apparent viscosities were higher than that of the control. LBG and CA led greater effects on specific volume than AG, XT, and HPMC. AG and HPMC decreased the firming rate of the FRC crumb, retarded the amylopectin retrogradation, and effectively inhibited the increase of bound water in FRC for 4 days of storage.ConclusionsThe selection of hydrocolloids as ingredients that can improve the physical properties of FRC. Additionally, high water‐binding strength and water content could decrease significantly the firming rate of FRC during storage.Significance and noveltyArabic gum was the most effective in reducing the amount of bound water in the FRC. The reduction in firming rate of FRC was mainly due to the decrease in bound water.