bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new identification of the conducting phase in tungsten‐titanium‐phosphate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Moore Lisa , Dutta Indrajit , Wheaton Bryan , Stapleton Erika , Parysek Ronald , Aitken Bruce 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlass‐ceramics in the tungsten‐titanium‐phosphate system were first reported in 1992. The glass‐ceramics exhibited electrical resistivity as low as log(ρ) = −1.8 Ω·cm, which was attributed to an interconnecting network of tungsten suboxide crystals, WO3−x. A new identification of the conducting phase as a phosphate tungsten bronze, (PO4)2(WO3)2m, is reported. High‐temperature x‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy have been used to provide a detailed description of the crystalline phases and their development. As the ceramming temperature was raised, the phase assemblage progressed from cubic tungsten oxide and titanium pyrophosphate to phosphate tungsten bronzes. The m‐values of the bronzes ranged from 2 to 7 depending on composition.
Anti‐angiogenic effects of the blue‐green alga Arthrospira platensis on pancreatic cancer
Authors: Marková Ivana , Koníčková Renata , Vaňková Kateřina , Leníček Martin , Kolář Michal , Strnad Hynek , Hradilová Miluše , Šáchová Jana , Rasl Jan , Klímová Zuzana , Vomastek Tomáš , Němečková Ivana , Nachtigal Petr , Vítek Libor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArthrospira platensis, a blue‐green alga, is a popular nutraceutical substance having potent antioxidant properties with potential anti‐carcinogenic activities. The aim of our study was to assess the possible anti‐angiogenic effects of A platensis in an experimental model of pancreatic cancer. The effects of an A platensis extract were investigated on human pancreatic cancer cells (PA‐TU‐8902) and immortalized endothelial‐like cells (Ea.hy926). PA‐TU‐8902 pancreatic tumours xenografted to athymic mice were also examined. In vitro migration and invasiveness assays were performed on the tested cells. Multiple angiogenic factors and signalling pathways were analysed in the epithelial, endothelial and cancer cells, and tumour tissue. The A platensis extract exerted inhibitory effects on both migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer as well as endothelial‐like cells. Tumours of mice treated with A platensis exhibited much lesser degrees of vascularization as measured by CD31 immunostaining (P = .004). Surprisingly, the VEGF‐A mRNA and protein expressions were up‐regulated in pancreatic cancer cells. A platensis inhibited ERK activation upstream of Raf and suppressed the expression of ERK‐regulated proteins. Treatment of pancreatic cancer with A platensis was associated with suppressive effects on migration and invasiveness with various anti‐angiogenic features, which might account for the anticancer effects of this blue‐green alga.
A Survey of University Students’ Preferences for Midwifery Care and Community Birth Options in 8 High‐Income Countries
Authors: Stoll Kathrin H. , Downe Soo , Edmonds Joyce , Gross Mechthild M. , Malott Anne , McAra‐Couper Judith , Sadler Michelle , Thomson Gill ,   the ICAPP Study Team
Published: January 2020

IntroductionMidwifery care is associated with positive birth outcomes, access to community birth options, and judicious use of interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare maternity care preferences of university students across a range of maternity care systems and to explore whether preferences align with evidence‐based recommendations and options available.MethodsA cross‐sectional, web‐based survey was completed in 2014 and 2015 by a convenience sample of university students in 8 high‐income countries across 4 continents (N = 4569). In addition to describing preferences for midwifery care and community birth options across countries, this study examined sociodemographic characteristics, psychological factors, knowledge about pregnancy and birth, and sources of information that shaped students’ attitudes toward birth in relation to preferences for midwifery care and community birth options.ResultsApproximately half of the student respondents (48.2%) preferred midwifery‐led care for a healthy pregnancy; 9.5% would choose to give birth in a birthing center, and 4.5% preferred a home birth. Preference for midwifery care varied from 10.3% among women in the United States to 78.6% among women in the United Kingdom. Preferences for home birth varied from 0.3% among US women to 18.3% among Canadian women. Women, health science students, those with low childbirth fear, those who learned about pregnancy and birth from friends (compared with other sources, eg, the media), and those who responded from Europe were significantly more likely to prefer midwifery care and community birth. High confidence in knowledge of pregnancy and birth was linked to significantly higher odds of community birth preferences and midwifery care preferences.DiscussionIt would be beneficial to integrate childbirth education into high school curricula to promote knowledge of midwifery care, pregnancy, and childbirth and to reduce fear among prospective parents. Community birth options need to be expanded to meet demand among the next generation of maternity service users.
Central administration of REV‐ERBα agonist promotes opposite responses on energy balance in fasted and fed states
Authors: Borba Tássia Karin Ferreira , Toscano Ana Elisa , Costa de Santana Bárbara Juacy Rodrigues , Silva Severina Cassia de Andrade , Lagranha Claudia Jacques , Guzmán Quevedo Omar , Manhães‐de‐Castro Raul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe REV‐ERBα receptor has a recognised role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm system. However, recent evidence suggests that it also contributes to energy balance regulation. Both expression and function of REV‐ERBα can be influenced by the energy status of the body. Considering the possibility of the involvement of REV‐ERBα in the regulation of energy balance, which is critically regulated by the hypothalamus, and based on the impact of intermittent fasting, the present study evaluated the effects of central administration of REV‐ERBα agonist on energy balance in rats exposed to 24 hours of fasting or ad lib. feeding conditions. Initially, 24‐hour fasted rats received an acute i.c.v. administration of agonist at doses of 1, 5, 10 or 15 μg per rat and feed efficiency was evaluated. Because 10 μg was a sufficient dose to affect feed efficiency, subsequent experiments used this dose to assess effects of agonist on the following parameters: energy expenditure induced by physical activity and locomotor activity, time spent in physical activity over 24 hours, and glucose and insulin tolerance. In fasted rats, the agonist promoted increased food intake and feed efficiency, with a greater body weight gain associated with less time spent in locomotor activity, suggesting a reduction in energy expenditure induced by physical activity. Furthermore, a reduction in glucose tolerance was noted. By contrast, free‐fed rats exhibited reduced food intake and feed efficiency with decreased body weight gain along with an increase in locomotor activity and physical activity‐dependent energy expenditure. Thus, i.c.v. administration of REV‐ERBα agonist regulates energy balance depending on the energy status of the organism; that is, it promotes a positive energy balance in the fasted state and a negative energy balance in the fed state. These results may be useful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of energy balance disorders and intermittent fasting for body weight control.
Moody habitus: Bourdieu with existential feelings
Authors: Räsänen Keijo , Kauppinen Ilkka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a way of integrating the concepts of habitus and mood. The purpose of this conceptual move is to enrich Pierre Bourdieu's treatment of habitus with a better recognition of its affective aspects. The paper draws on phenomenological studies of psychic disorders and applies the concept of existential feeling to specify what moods are and do. The framing proposed distinguishes between dispositions that function in the foreground and in the background of habitus. Thereby it is possible to regard moods as background dispositions of habitus. This paper also discusses what this idea of moody habitus can do for research in habitus and human practice.
Worked examples for teaching electrocardiogram interpretation: Salient or discriminatory features?
Authors: Thach Terence Huy , Blissett Sarah , Sibbald Matthew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextCognitive load theory states that one way to optimise learning is to decrease extraneous cognitive load, defined as information not relevant to task completion. Worked examples, which show the learner the logic behind the solving of a problem, can decrease extraneous load. However, there is little research to guide the optimal formatting of worked examples.MethodsIn a crossover design, first‐year medical students were randomised to worked examples of bradycardias with salient features first and tachycardias with discriminatory features second (n = 33) or worked examples of bradycardias with discriminatory features first and tachycardias with salient features second (n = 32). After each learning phase, participants completed a testing phase. Diagnostic accuracy and reported cognitive load were compared between the two worked example formats, as well as with data for a group of historical controls, consisting of medical students interpreting electrocardiogram rhythms without worked examples. Each module concluded with a questionnaire in which the learner was asked to rate his or her perceptions of the difficulty of the core content, the clarity with which the information was presented, and perceived learning.ResultsWorked examples highlighting salient and discriminatory features were associated with similar levels of diagnostic accuracy (56% and 60%, respectively; P = .32). Both worked example conditions were associated with higher diagnostic accuracy than was found in historical controls (P < .0001). There was no difference in the extraneous load experienced between worked examples highlighting salient features and those highlighting discriminatory features (12.5 ± 6.1 and 11.9 ± 6.1, respectively; P = .52). Participants reported greater intrinsic load in the worked examples highlighting salient rather than discriminatory features (17.1 ± 4.9 and 15.5 ± 4.6, respectively; P = .01).ConclusionsDiscriminatory feature‐based worked examples were associated with less intrinsic cognitive load, but this did not translate into any meaningful difference in diagnostic performance. Instruction with worked examples improved diagnostic performance regardless of whether salient or discriminatory features were highlighted.
Becoming a parent: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of changes in BMI, diet, and physical activity
Authors: Corder Kirsten , Winpenny Eleanor M. , Foubister Campbell , Guagliano Justin M. , Hartwig Xenia M. , Love Rebecca , Clifford Astbury Chloe , van Sluijs Esther M.F. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryObesity prevalence rises fastest during young adulthood when weight, diet, and physical activity may be influenced by life events, including becoming a parent, but the impact is uncertain. We searched six electronic databases to July 2019 for longitudinal studies (both sexes) aged 15 to 35 years with a prospective pre‐pregnancy/parenthood and post‐delivery outcome. Of 11 studies (across 15 papers), six studies (women only) were eligible for meta‐analysis of the difference in change in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) between remaining without children and becoming a parent. Mean (±SD) BMI gain for non‐mothers was 2.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2 (~7.5 kg for 164‐cm woman) over 5.6 ± 3.1 years; 12.3% of baseline BMI (22.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Becoming a mother was associated with an additional BMI increase of 0.47 ± 0.26 kg/m2 (~1.3 kg), 4.3% of baseline BMI (22.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2); the one study including men reported no difference in change. Physical activity results were equivocal; 2/4 studies (women) and 2/2 (men) showed a greater decline in parents versus non‐parents; diet (three studies) varied by dietary measure, mostly indicating no difference. Becoming a mother is associated with 17% greater absolute BMI gain than remaining childless. Motherhood BMI gain is additional to an alarming BMI increase among young women, highlighting the need for obesity prevention among all young women, including mothers.
Silencing of FOXA2 decreases E‐cadherin expression and is associated with lymph node metastasis in oral cancer
Authors: Bow Yung‐Ding , Wang Yen‐Yun , Chen Yuk‐Kwan , Su Chang‐Wei , Hsu Ching‐Wei , Xiao Ling‐Yi , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou , Li Ruei‐Nian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesFOXA2 gene methylation links to the progression of cancers, but has not been documented in oral cancer. Herein, we explore the role of FOXA2 in the migration of oral cancer cells.Material and MethodsMethylation‐specific PCR was applied for gene methylation. Wound healing and transwell experiments were tested for cell migration. FOXA2 expression in oral cancer tissues was addressed by immunohistochemistry, followed by statistical analysis of its association with clinical manifestations and patient survival.ResultsFOXA2 bound to the promoter of CDH1 and enhanced the expression of its gene product E‐cadherin, and decreased the cancer cell migration activity. High FOXA2 expression in oral cancer tissues was associated with high E‐cadherin expression, decreased lymph node metastasis, and increased patient survival.ConclusionFOXA2‐E‐cadherin link is involved in regulation of oral cancer cell metastasis and provides a new insight for the tumor suppressor activity of FOXA2 in oral cancer.
Validity of stress assessment using heart‐rate variability in newborns
Authors: Hashiguchi Kanae , Kuriyama Nagato , Koyama Teruhide , Matsui Daisuke , Ozaki Etsuko , Hasegawa Tatsuji , Tokuda Sachiko , Niwa Fumitoshi , Iwasa Koichi , Watanabe Isao , Teramukai Satoshi , Kitawaki Jo , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Uehara Ritei , Hosoi Hajime 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe process of birth causes stress for neonates, but additional stressors for sick neonates are a matter of concern. As analysis of heart‐rate variability (HRV), which reflects autonomic activity, has demonstrated that low‐frequency (LF) activity reflects overall autonomic activity, high‐frequency (HF) activity reflects parasympathetic activity, and the LF/HF ratio reflects sympathetic activity, HRV has been clinically applied as a non‐invasive index of physical stress. In this study, we evaluated whether HRV is useful as a stress index for neonates by analyzing it in comparison with their salivary cortisol level.MethodsWe measured the salivary cortisol level and HRV in 12 healthy neonates and 37 neonates born during between 2014 and 2016 and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. These examinations were performed at birth and after approximately 1 week. The changes in parameters with time were examined.ResultsThe LF and HF values in both groups exhibited significant negative correlations with the salivary cortisol level. In those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, the LF and HF values were correlated with gestational age and height. In the healthy neonates, a reduced salivary cortisol level and increase in the LF and HF values were observed approximately 1 week after birth compared with the values at birth, whereas the LF/HF ratio was not correlated with the salivary cortisol level and did not change over time.ConclusionsThe LF and HF values were significantly correlated with the cortisol level, suggesting their usefulness as physiological indices of stress in clinical neonatal care.
Antimicrobial prescription patterns in a tertiary‐care pediatric unit in Thailand
Authors: Chautrakarn Sineenart , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Rattananupong Thanapoom , Hiransuthikul Narin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest public health threats worldwide. The improper prescription of antibiotics is one factor that promotes antibiotic resistance. Access to antimicrobial surveillance data is essential when assessing the pattern and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions in hospitals and for the establishment of an antimicrobial stewardship program. This study aimed to describe the rate of antimicrobial use and the pattern of prescriptions in a tertiary care pediatric unit in Thailand.MethodsA point prevalence survey on antimicrobial use was conducted monthly between January and June 2016, using standardized tools. The survey included all inpatient pediatric beds and identified all children receiving antimicrobial treatment on the day of the survey.ResultsThe study included 644 children, 43.3% of whom received antimicrobial treatment during hospitalization. In general wards, the rate of antimicrobial prescriptions was 37.2%; in oncology wards it was 47.0%; in intensive care units it was 38.7%, and in surgical wards it was 67.7%. Meropenem was the most prescribed antimicrobial in the general wards (24.5%) and intensive care units (28.6%), whereas antipseudomonas was the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial in the oncology ward (26.6%). For the surgical ward, the most prescribed antimicrobial was third‐generation cephalosporin for both prophylaxis and treatment (39.0%). The most common reason for antimicrobial use was the treatment of infections.ConclusionsNearly half of hospitalized children received at least one antimicrobial. This was comparable with other pediatric tertiary care centers, although the high use of meropenem was different. This study provides important baseline information on antimicrobial use in a large tertiary‐care pediatric unit and could lead to a nationwide survey in the future.
Challenges in applying capacitated covering models
Authors: Xu Jing , Murray Alan , Wang Zifan , Church Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractService system planning has long been supported by location‐covering models designed to address access and accessibility issues. An important aspect of many systems is limits on service, often conceptualized as facility capacities. Much research can be found that proposes modeling approaches and solution techniques to account for capacitated covering problems, and commercial GIS software exists that is capable of structuring and applying facility service limits. This article reviews issues and challenges associated with the application of capacitated covering models, including critical evaluation of allocation approaches and GIS capabilities. Case studies involving service provision in two cities in California—San Jose and Santa Barbara—are provided to highlight associated issues faced in practice. While user‐friendly commercial software makes it easy to access capacitated cover models, there remain challenges for addressing underlying considerations and assumptions in practice.
Genetic influence on macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness according to retinal subfield
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Kong Mingui , Ko Hyeonyoung , Ham Don-Il , Song Yun-Mi 
Published: January 2020

Background/aimCharacterising genetic effect on macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is needed to obtain better understanding of various retinopathies and optic neuropathies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic influence on macular RNFL thickness.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, twin and family study. Three hundred and sixty-two Korean adults with healthy eyes were included in the study from 79 households with two or more family members. Macular RNFL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography at nine macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess intrafamilial resemblance of RNFL thickness by different types of family relationship. Heritability of RNFL thickness was evaluated using variance decomposition model.ResultsRNFL thickness increased from central subfield to outer subfields. Temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner compared with other quadrants. Monozygotic twin pairs showed the highest ICCs of RNFL thickness, although the ICC level varied across different subfields. Heritability of RNFL thickness was the highest at central subfield (0.81). RNFL thicknesses of outer subfields were moderately to highly heritable: 0.53, 0.71, 0.47 and 0.66 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal fields, respectively. RNFL thicknesses at inner subfields showed the lowest heritability: 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.27 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal subfields, respectively.ConclusionMacular RNFL thickness is significantly influenced by genetic factors. It varies largely by subfields with the highest heritability at the central subfield and a relatively lower heritability at inner subfields.
Evidence too weak to guide surgical treatment decisions for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of the risk of new meniscal tears after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Ekås Guri Ranum , Ardern Clare L , Grindem Hege , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of new meniscal tears after treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in children and adults with and without ACL reconstruction.DesignPrognosis systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016036788).MethodsWe searched Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Google Scholar from inception to 3rd May 2018. Eligible articles included patients with ACL injury (diagnosis confirmed by MRI and/or diagnostic arthroscopy), reported the number of meniscal tears at the time of ACL injury diagnosis/start of treatment and reported the number of new meniscal tears that subsequently occurred. Articles with fewer than 20 patients at follow-up, and articles limited to ACL revision surgery or multi-ligament knee injuries were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened articles, assessed eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We judged the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group methodology.ResultsOf 75 studies included in the systematic review, 54 studies with 9624 patients and 501 new meniscal tears were appropriate for quantitative analysis. Heterogeneity precluded data pooling. The risk of new meniscal tears was 0%–21% when follow-up was <2 years, 0%–29% when follow-up was 2 to 5 years, 5%–52% when follow-up was 5 to 10 years and 4%–31% when follow-up was longer than 10 years. The proportion of studies with high risk of selection, misclassification and detection bias was 84%, 69% and 68%, respectively. Certainty of evidence was very low.ConclusionNew meniscal tears occurred in 0%–52% of patients between 4 months and 20 years (mean 4.9±4.4 years) following treatment for ACL injury. The certainty of evidence was too low to guide surgical treatment decisions. This review cannot conclude that the incidence of new meniscal tears is lower if ACL injury is treated with surgery compared with treatment with rehabilitation only.