bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic detection of functional proteoform groups from bottom-up proteomic datasets
Authors: Bludau Isabell , Frank Max , Dörig Christian , Cai Yujia , Heusel Moritz , Rosenberger George , Picotti Paola , Collins Ben C. , Röst Hannes , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cellular proteome, the ensemble of proteins derived from a genome, catalyzes and controls thousands of biochemical functions that are the basis of living cells. Whereas the protein coding regions of the genome of the human and many other species are well known, the complexity and composition of proteomes largely remains to be explored. This task is challenging because mechanisms including alternative splicing and post-translational modifications generally give rise to multiple distinct, but related proteins – proteoforms – per coding gene that expand the functional capacity of a cell.Bottom-up proteomics is a mass spectrometric method that infers the identity and quantity of proteins from the measurement of peptides derived from these proteins by proteolytic digestion. Whereas bottom-up proteomics has become the method of choice for the detection of translation products from essentially any gene, the inherent missing link between measured peptides and their parental proteins has so far precluded the systematic assessment of proteoforms and thus limited the resolution of proteome maps. Here we present a novel, data-driven strategy to assign peptides to unique functional proteoform groups based on peptide correlation patterns across large bottom-up proteomic datasets. Our strategy does not fully characterize specific proteoforms, as is achievable in top-down approaches. Rather, it clusters peptides into functional proteoform groups that are directly linked to the biological context of the study. This allows the detection of tens to hundreds of proteoform groups in an untargeted fashion from bottom-up proteomics experiments.We applied the strategy to two types of bottom-up proteomic datasets. The first is a protein complex co-fractionation dataset where native complexes across two different cell cycle stages were resolved and analyzed. Here, our approach enabled the systematic detection and evaluation of assembly specific proteoforms at an unprecedented scale. The second is aprotein abundance vs. sampledata matrix typical for bottom-up cohort studies consisting of tissue samples from the mouse BXD genetic reference panel. In either data type the method detected state-specific proteoform groups that could be linked to distinct molecular mechanisms including proteolytic cleavage, alternative splicing and phosphorylation. We envision that the presented approach lays the foundation for a systematic assessment of proteoforms and their functional implications directly from bottom-up proteomic datasets.
Fate trajectories of CD8+T cells in chronic LCMV infection
Authors: Cerletti Dario , Sandu Ioana , Gupta Revant , Oxenius Annette , Claassen Manfred 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn chronic infections CD8+T cells acquire a state termed “exhaustion” which is characterized by impaired effector functions and expression of co-inhibitory receptors as response to continuous TCR stimulation. Recently, the pool of exhausted T cells has been shown to harbor multiple functionally distinct populations with memory-like and effector-like features, though differentiation and lineage relations between these are unclear. In this work we present a comprehensive scRNAseq time-series analysis from beginning of infection to established exhaustion in CD8 T cells. We apply lineage inference using informed cell transitions derived from RNA velocity to identify differential start and end states and connections between them. We identify a branch region early during chronic infection where pre-committed cells separate into an exhausted and a memory-like lineage and discovered molecular markers demarcating this branch event. Adoptive transfer experiments confirmed fate-commitment of cells only after this branch point. We additionally linked the progression along developmental lineages to antigenic TCR stimulation.
The significance and performance analysis of Malaysian real estate investment trusts
Authors: Khairulanuwar Aina Jazima , Chuweni Nor Nazihah 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the significance and performance analysis of the Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trust (M-REIT) from 2014 to 2018.

Design/methodology/approach
Performance analysis is done through operating ratio (current ratio), leverage ratio (debt ratio) and efficiency ratio (return on asset and return on equity).

Findings
M-REIT has been ranked 27th globally and 7th in Asia Pacific REIT market, implying the significance of the market. The trend of market capitalisation of M-REIT had flourished from 2014 to 2017 but declined in 2018. The total assets of M-REIT have been seen thriving over the years with both Islamic REIT market capitalisation and total assets showing improvements throughout the year. From the viewpoint of efficiency ratios of ROA and ROE, Islamic REIT is deemed more favourable to investors than conventional REITs, implying the high receptive of Islamic REITs.

Research limitations/implications
In terms of efficiency of operation, it is evident that several sectors of REITs may be at risk of liquidity due to the decline in current ratio from 2014 to 2018, as current ratio of less than 1 is considered a red flag.

Originality/value
Performance analysis on the performance of each sector as the outcome of the research could ease investors’ decision-making as whether it can be considered as one of the viable investments available in the market.
“He was brainwashed!” Criminal complicity and sentencing in France: interpreting a “crime committed under influence”
Authors: Ballot Mickael , Niang Anta , Laurens Stéphane , Testé Benoit 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether being shown a testimony alleging that the perpetrator of a crime was influenced by an accomplice has an impact on the severity of the sentence given to this accomplice.Design/methodology/approachA total of 119 participants read the summary of a case of armed robbery. Two experimental conditions were adopted: the presence of a testimony suggesting the accomplice’s influence on the perpetrator in committing the crime (versus no testimony). The participants were then asked what sentence they would give the accomplice and what sentence they would have given the perpetrator of the crime, who had in fact already been sentenced. The participants rated items relating to the explanation for the crime (perception that the perpetrator had been manipulated by the presumed accomplice) and to the presumed accomplice’s intent to commit the crime.FindingsThe participants showed themselves to be harsher towards the presumed accomplice when they were shown the testimony about his influence, which reduced the disparity with the sentence they would have given to the perpetrator of the crime. Analyses of mediation show that the participants shown the testimony (as opposed to those who were not) were more likely to say that the presumed accomplice manipulated the perpetrator of the crime, leading them to be more likely to attribute to the accomplice the intent to commit the crime and to be harsher towards him.Originality/valueThe results of this research are discussed with a focus on naïve interpretations of influence in the very specific context of legal adjudication.
Working towards health equity for ethnic minority elders: spanning the boundaries of neighbourhood governance
Authors: Carlsson Hanna , Pijpers Roos 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper analyses how neighbourhood governance of social care affects the scope for frontline workers to address health inequities of older ethnic minorities. We critically discuss how an area-based, generic approach to service provision limits and enables frontline workers' efforts to reach out to ethnic minority elders, using a relational approach to place. This approach emphasises social and cultural distances to social care and understands efforts to bridge these distances as “relational work”.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a two-year multiple case study of the cities of Nijmegen and The Hague, the Netherlands, following the development of policies and practices relevant to ethnic minority elders. They conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with managers, policy officers and frontline workers as well as 295 h of participant observation at network events and meeting activities.FindingsRelational work was open-ended and consisted of a continuous reorientation of goals and means. In some cases, frontline workers spanned neighbourhood boundaries to connect with professional networks, key figures and places meaningful to ethnic minority elders. While neighbourhood governance is attuned to equality, relational work practice fosters possibilities for achieving equity.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research on achieving equity in relational work practice and more explicit policy support of relational work is needed.Originality/valueThe paper contributes empirical knowledge about how neighbourhood governance of social care affects ethnic minority elders. It translates a relational view of place into a “situational” social justice approach.
Retinal dysfunctions in a patient with a clinical high risk for psychosis and severe visual disturbances: A single case report
Authors: Bernardin Florent , Schwitzer Thomas , Angioi‐Duprez Karine , Giersch Anne , Ligier Fabienne , Bourion‐Bedes Stéphanie , Jansen Claire , Schwan Raymund , Laprevote Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPsychosis can be preceded by a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and visual anomalies are predictors of transition to psychosis. Visual retinal processing is altered in psychosis, but no study has explored the links between visual symptoms and retinal functions in CHR patients. We report here the case of NR, an antipsychotic‐naive young adult with CHR and severe visual symptoms in whom we explored the retinal function.MethodsA flash electroretinogram (fERG) and a pattern electroretinogram (pERG) protocol were conducted and we compared NR results to a group of patients with schizophrenia and a group of healthy controls.ResultsDespites an overlap between the measures of NR and the two groups, visual analyses revealed that NR showed increased b‐wave implicit time (rod response) compared to the control group and NR's response was at an intermediate level between two subgroups of schizophrenia patients regarding presence or absence of visual hallucinations.DiscussionThe relevance of retinal dysfunctions as a marker of vulnerability for psychosis is discussed.
Anisotropic crack propagation behavior for the silicon‐bond coat layer in a multilayer coated system
Authors: Arai Yutaro , Inoue Ryo , Kakisawa Hideki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study sought to examine the relationship between the degradation mechanism, thermal stress, and crack propagation behavior in environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems. An EBC system composed of a mullite topcoat (TC), Si‐bond coat (BC), and SiC substrate was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. Heat exposure tests were conducted to evaluate the microstructure of the EBC system at 1300°C for 1, 10, 50, and 100 h. The fracture resistance of the Si BC for the in‐plane (direction parallel to each layer, 0.4–0.6 MP) and through‐thickness directions (direction from the TC to substrate, 1.7–2.1 MP) differed because a thermal compressive stress was induced for the in‐plane direction owing to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients for each layer, which acted as a barrier for crack propagation. However, cracks tended to propagate in the in‐plane direction because they were not affected by the in‐plane compressive stress. These results clearly showed that Si BC exhibited in‐plane anisotropy and crack propagation after heat exposure, which were the major sources of delamination of the EBC system.
The physiological ups and downs of thermal variability in temperate freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Morash Andrea J. , Speers‐Roesch Ben , Andrew Sean , Currie Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFreshwater fish face a variety of spatiotemporal thermal challenges throughout their life. On a broad scale, temperature is an important driver of physiological, behavioural and ecological patterns and ultimately affects populations and overall distribution. These broad patterns are partly underpinned by the small‐scale local effects of temperature on individuals within the population. Climate change is increasing the range of daily thermal variation in most freshwater ecosystems, altering behaviour and performance of resident fishes. The aim of this review is understanding how daily thermal variation in temperate rivers affects individual fish physiology, behaviour and overall performance. The following are highlighted in this study: (a) the physical characteristics of rivers that can either buffer or exacerbate thermal variability, (b) the effects of thermal variability on growth and metabolism, (c) the approaches for quantifying thermal variation and thermal stress and (d) how fish may acclimatize or adapt to our changing climate.
A framework for nurses working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers for people living with advanced dementia: A discursive paper
Authors: Cresp Sarah Jane , Lee Susan Fiona , Moss Cheryle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo describe and discuss clinical strategies for nurses working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers for people living with advanced dementia.BackgroundBy providing person‐centred care to patients living with advanced dementia, nurses are positioned to work in partnership with substitute decision‐makers who make healthcare decisions related to advanced care. Because the experience of being substitute decision‐makers is complex and stressful, nurses need skillsets for working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers.DesignIn this discursive paper, an innovative framework for working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers is proposed.MethodEvidence‐based findings from a systematic review provided five domain foci for the partnership framework. In each domain, two clinical strategies were discursively proposed. Clinical strategies were hypothesised from research findings and insights from the authors’ nursing experiences. Then, topical literature was searched, and findings were used to support the discursively argued strategies.DiscussionTo deal with complexities and reduce stress for substitute decision‐makers, an innovative Nurse–Substitute Decision‐Maker Partnership Framework for use in the context of advanced dementia is proposed and discussed. The partnership framework consists of five domains: Building trust, Exploring emotions, Translating quality of life, Encouraging proactivity and Negotiating families. Within these domains, ten strategies to support the practices of clinical nurses to work in partnership with substitute decision‐makers are discussed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn the framework, the ten clinical nursing strategies are designed to provide targeted care to substitute decision‐makers in areas that are known to cause complexity and stress to them. The Nurse–Substitute Decision‐Maker Partnership Framework has been designed to improve nurse–substitute decision‐maker partnerships and reduce the stress experienced by substitute decision‐makers as they work through the complexities associated with advanced dementia.
Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat
Authors: Li Miao , Wang Yu‐Shin , Elwell‐Cuddy Trevor , Baynes Ronald E. , Tell Lisa A. , Davis Jennifer L. , Maunsell Fiona P. , Riviere Jim E. , Lin Zhoumeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis report is the third in a series of studies that aimed to compile physiological parameters related to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drugs and environmental chemicals in food‐producing animals including swine and cattle (Part I), chickens and turkeys (Part II), and finally sheep and goats (the focus of this manuscript). Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest), with data on relevant parameters including body weight, relative organ weight (% of body weight), cardiac output, relative organ blood flow (% of cardiac output), residual blood volume (% of organ weight), and hematocrit reviewed and statistically summarized. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter are presented in tables. Equations describing the growth curves of sheep and goats are presented in figures. When data are sufficient, parameter values are reported for different ages or production classes of sheep, including fetal sheep, lambs, and market‐age sheep (mature sheep). These data provide a reference database for developing standardized PBPK models to predict drug withdrawal intervals in sheep and goats, and also provide a basis for extrapolating PBPK models from major species such as cattle to minor species such as sheep and goats.
The costs of corporatization: Analysing the effects of forms of governance
Authors: Bel Germà , Esteve Marc , Garrido Juan Carlos , Zafra‐Gómez José Luis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPublic corporations have been constantly in the spotlight, with some commentators arguing that they can help governments provide better public services, and others insisting that their governance is simply too complex. Despite this ongoing debate, few studies have researched public corporation performance. The present study offers empirical evidence of the effects of various forms of corporatization on public service costs. In particular, it examines public service costs incurred under four different forms of governance: public agencies, public corporations, mixed public corporations with minority public ownership, and mixed public corporations with majority public ownership. The analysis considers eight types of public services in 874 Spanish municipalities between 2014 and 2017. The empirical results show that services provided by public corporations are no less costly than those provided by public agencies. In fact, the services offered by mixed corporations with government majorities tend to cost more than those provided by public agencies.
Prosocial Motivation as a Driver of Social Innovation in the UAE
Authors: Jeong Sophia Soyoung , Alhanaee Dhia Waddah Talib Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne important domain of nonmarket‐driven innovation is social innovation. Defined as “new ideas that have the potential to improve either the quality or the quantity of life,” social innovation stands in stark contrast to business innovation that focuses on creativity with the intention of making a profit. Drawing on research on motivation, creativity, rentier mentality, and Islamic work ethics, this article takes a motivational approach to social innovation and advances a proposition that prosocial motivation is of particular importance in fostering social innovation in the context of the UAE. We argue that due to policies that grant nationals high financial stability and affluence, UAE locals are less likely to be driven by extrinsic motivation, but rather by intrinsic motivation. We propose that enhancing their prosocial motivation will have a synergetic effect with their intrinsic motivation and therefore lead to higher social innovation. This article extends the literature on prosocial motivation, social innovation, and social entrepreneurship by identifying a geographical/cultural region where the motivational basis for social innovation is amplified. Significantly, this article questions common assumptions about a rentier mentality and proposes a path to leverage social innovation. Implications for policymakers and practitioners are discussed.
Four‐dimensional CT excretory urography is an accurate technique for diagnosis of canine ureteral ectopia
Authors: Schwarz Tobias , Bommer Nick , Parys Maciej , Thierry Florence , Bouvard Jonathan , Pérez‐Accino Jorge , Saunders Jimmy , Longo Maurizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComputed tomographic (CT) excretory urography is commonly used to investigate canine ureteral ectopia (UE). Modern technology allows time‐resolved CT imaging (four‐dimensional CT excretory urography [4D‐CTEU]) over a distance exceeding the detector collimation. Objectives of this prospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT excretory urography (CTEU) and 4D‐CTEU for UE in dogs with lower urinary tract signs, assess the influence of pelvis positioning, and to determine the significance of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ) angle for UE diagnosis. Thirty‐six dogs, with a total of 42 normotopic ureters, 27 intramural ectopic ureters, and three extramural ectopic ureters, underwent CTEU and 4D‐CTEU with randomized pelvis positioning. Randomized CTEU and 4D‐CTEU studies were scored by two observers for ureteral papilla location and murality on a grading scheme. Interobserver agreement, sensitivity, and specificity for ureter topia status and diagnosis were calculated. Computed tomographic excretory urography showed moderate interobserver agreement for the left ureter and perfect for the right ureter, whereas 4D‐CTEU showed bilateral nearly perfect agreement between both observers. When comparing CTEU versus confirmed diagnosis, there was a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 90.2%, respectively, whereas 4D‐CTEU showed a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 94.6%, respectively. An obtuse UVJ angle is significantly more commonly observed in ectopic intramural than normotopic ureters and is significantly associated with increased diagnostic confidence of UE. The use of a wedge to angle the pelvis did not increase the diagnostic confidence in determining ureteral opening position. Four‐dimensional CT excretory urography is an accurate and reliable diagnostic technique to investigate UE as cause of urinary incontinence in dogs that is slightly superior to CTEU.
Protección del consumidor financiero en Colombia, en el uso de canales electrónicos bancarios
Authors: Anaya Saade Celina Patricia 
Published: December 2020

En este ensayo se muestra una reflexión analítica acerca de la protección del consumidor financiero en Colombia, frente al uso de los canales electrónicos de servicios bancarios. Lo anterior, teniendo como base lo siguiente: En Colombia se han adoptado políticas de protección encaminadas a que el uso de canales electrónicos de servicios bancarios, se realice en términos de seguridad y de confianza; por ello es necesario que tal protección sea pertinente y eficaz, en el sentido de que las relaciones negociales que instrumentan el uso de estos canales, esté realmente cimentada en la información que le permita al consumidor saber en detalle el funcionamiento de estas operaciones, para desarrollar buenas prácticas en el manejo de canales de servicios financieros y la observancia del interés público. Se concluye que, en algunos casos de utilización de canales electrónicos, la protección que ofrece el banco no debe ser de “papel” porque desconoce la buena fe y la debida diligencia que enmarca la prestación de los servicios financieros de cara al consumidor.