bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and HbA1c in Detection of Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Matz Karl , Teuschl Yvonne , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Dachenhausen Alexandra , Brainin Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important risk factor for ischemic stroke and worsens stroke prognosis. Yet a large proportion of stroke patients who are eventually diabetic are undiagnosed. Therefore, it is important to have accurate assessment of glycaemia in stroke patients.Design: Secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial focussing on parameters of glucose metabolism and detection of diabetes and prediabetes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods: a total of 130 consecutively admitted patients with AIS without previously known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened for diabetes or prediabetes as part of secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial that tested lifestyle intervention to prevent post-stroke cognitive decline. Patients had the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements in the second week after stroke onset and after one year. The detection rates of diabetes and prediabetes based on the OGTT or HbA1c values were compared.Results: By any of the applied tests at the second week after stroke onset 62 of 130 patients (48%) had prediabetes or T2DM. Seventy-five patients had results from both tests available, the OGTT and HbA1c; according to the OGTT 40 (53.3%) patients had normal glucose metabolism, 33 (44%) had prediabetes, two (2.7%) T2DM. In 50 (66.7%) patients the HbA1c results were normal, 24 (32%) in the prediabetic and one (1.3%) in the diabetic range . The detection rate for disorders of glucose metabolism was 10% higher (absolute difference; relative difference 29%) with the OGTT compared with HbA1c. After one year the detection rate for prediabetes or T2DM was 7% higher with the OGTT (26% relative difference). The study intervention led to a more favourable evolution of glycemic status after one year.Conclusions: Many patients with acute stroke have unrecognised diabetes or prediabetes. The OGTT is a more sensitive screening tool than HbA1c for the detection of previously unrecognised glycemic disorders in patients with acute stroke with an at least 25% relative difference in detection rate. Therefore, an OGTT should be performed in all patients with stroke with no history of diabetes. Measuring HbA1c alone will lead to a false assurance of normal glycemic status in many stroke patients.
A case of a new Lynch Syndrome variant with a deletion, c.1024_1026, in the MSH2 gene in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Li Lu , Dong Lin , Jia Jia , Su Ke , Bai Hua , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Multiple genetic variations have been identified in mismatch repair genes for Lynch Syndrome. However, diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome and its subtypes in patients with atypical cancer types still remains challenging. Little is known about Lynch syndrome-related renal carcinoma and related genes. We present a case of renal carcinoma with multiple primary skin tumors, with a new Lynch Syndrome variant with a deletion in a Chinese family.
Case presentation:

The patient was a 60-year-old Chinese male with a history of Lynch Syndrome-related renal carcinoma with repeatedly multiple primary skin tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of MSH2 and MSH6 proteins. Sequencing of mismatch repair genes revealed a previously unknown germline MSH2 mutation (c.1024_1026 del) resulting in an amino acid deletion (p. V342del). This variant was co-segregated among the carcinoma-affected family members. After 6 cycles of immunotherapy, a marked regression of the skin tumor was obtained.
Conclusions

We clarify the pathogenic significance of this new mutation and suggest immunotherapy for patients with this subtype of Lynch Syndrome.
Developing a scoring tool to estimate the risk of deterioration for normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism on admission
Authors: Gao Yizhuo , Ji Chao , Zhao Hongyu , Han Jun , Shen Haitao , Jia Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: It is important to identify deterioration in normotension patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to develop a tool for predicting deterioration among normotensive patients with acute PE on admission.Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography parameters were retrospective collected for normotension patients with acute PE who were treated at a Chinese center from January 2011 to May 2020 on admission into hospital. The endpoint of the deterioration was any adverse outcome within 30 days. The eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to training and validation datasets. A nomogram was developed and validated by training and validation datasets respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A risk-scoring tool for predicting deterioration was applied as a web-based calculator.Results: The 845 eligible patients (420 men, 425 women) had an average age of 60.05±15.43 years. Adverse outcomes were identified for 81 patients (9.6%). The nomogram for adverse outcomes included heart rate, systolic pressure, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, and ventricular/atrial diameter ratios at 4-chamber view, which provided AUC values of 0.925 in the training dataset (95% CI: 0.900–0.946, p<0.001) and 0.900 in the validation dataset (95% CI: 0.883–0.948, p<0.001). A risk-scoring tool was published as a web-based calculator (https://gaoyzcmu.shinyapps.io/APE9AD/).Conclusions: We developed a web-based scoring tool that may help predict deterioration in normotensive patients with acute PE.
Obstacle Avoidance and Terrain Identification for a Hexapod Robot
Authors: Zhao Yue , Gao Feng , Yin Yunpeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Legged robots have advanced potential in mobility compared with wheeled or tracked vehicles in harsh environment. In real applications, both environmental perception and terrain identification play an important role in ensuring the safety of the robot. However, few papers involve the obstacle avoidance and terrain identification methods for legged robots. An obstacle avoidance and terrain identification method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel dynamic obstacle avoidance motion planning is proposed which takes full account of the motion ability of the robot. Secondly, a terrain identification method is proposed. The robot can distinguish typical terrains like flat floor, step-on, step-down, ditch and so on. Besides, the ground properties like stiffness are identified to improve the performance of the robot. Finally, the proposed method is integrated on hexapod robots and tested by real experiments which show the method effective. Our methods and experimental results can be a valuable reference for other legged robots.
Reductive dissolution of biogenic magnetite
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reductive dissolution of magnetites is known to occur below the Fe-redox boundary in sediment columns. This study aims to document the detailed processes of biogenic magnetite dissolution. A sediment core taken from the Japan Sea was used for this purpose, in which reductive dissolution of magnetic minerals are known to start at about 1.3 m in depth and mostly complete within an interval of about 0.3 m. Using first-order reversal curve diagrams, preferential dissolution of biogenic magnetites within this interval is estimated from the observation that a narrow peak extending along the coercivity axis (the central ridge), which is indicative of biogenic magnetite, diminishes downcore. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the sediments contain the three morpho-types of magnetofossils: octahedron, hexagonal prism, and bullet shaped. With the progress of reductive dissolution, the proportion of bullet-shaped magnetofossils decreases, whereas that of hexagonal prisms increases. For hexagonal prisms, {111} caps are often etched while {110} side faces are almost intact. These observations can be explained by the differences in resistivity against dissolution among crystal planes of magnetite. A previous study reported that the dissolution rate of (111) planes is higher than that of (110) planes. Hexagonal prisms elongate in the [111] direction and are wrapped with {110} side faces, whereas octahedral and bullet-shaped magnetofossils have larger proportions of surface areas with {111} faces. Magnetosome morphology may reflect preference of inhabiting magnetotactic bacterial lineage for chemical conditions in sediments. One should, however, be cautious for possible alteration of original morphological composition during reductive diagenesis when magnetofossil morphology is used as a paleoenvironmental proxy.
Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion
Authors: Montenegro Valeria N , Paoletta Martina S , Ortiz Jose Jaramillo , Suarez Carlos E , Wilkowsky Silvina E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) has been described as a potential vaccine candidate in several apicomplexan parasites. However, this protein and members of this family have not been characterized yet in Babesia bigemina, one of the most prevalent species causing bovine babesiosis.Methods The Babesia bigemina TRAP-1 (BbiTRAP-1) gene was identified by a bioinformatics search using the B. bovis TRAP-1 sequence. Members of the TRAP and TRAP-related protein family (TRP) families were identified in Babesia and Theileria through the search of the TSP-1 adhesive domain, the hallmark motif of TRAP proteins. Structural modelling and phylogenetic analysis were performed with the identified TRAP proteins. A truncated recombinant BbiTRAP-1 and specific antisera were produced, and used in Western blot analysis and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). B-cell epitopes with neutralizing activity in BbiTRAP-1 were defined by ELISA and invasion assays.Results TRAP family has 3 members in B. bigemina (BbiTRAP-1-3). All are type 1 transmembrane proteins containing the von Willebrand factor A (vWFA), thrombospondin type 1 (TSP-1) and cytoplasmic C-terminus domains along with transmembrane regions. The BbiTRAP-1 predicted structure also contains a metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) for interaction with the host cell. The TRP family in Babesia and Theileria species contains the canonical TSP-1 domain but lack the vWFA domain,and together with TRAP define a novel gene superfamily. A variable number of tandem repeat units is present in BbiTRAP-1 and could be used for strain genotyping. Western blot and IFAT analysis confirmed expression of BbiTRAP-1 by blood stage parasites. Partial recognition by a panel of sera from B. bigemina infected cattle in ELISA using truncated BbiTRAP-1 suggests that this protein is not an immunodominant antigen. Additionally, bovine anti- recombinant BbiTRAP-1 antibodies were capable of neutralize merozoite invasion in vitro. Conclusions We identified the TRAP and TRP gene families in several Babesia and Theileria species, and characterized BbiTRAP-1 as a novel antigen of B. bigemina. The functional relevance and presence of neutralization-sensitive B-cell epitopes suggest that BbiTRAP-1 could be included in future vaccine candidates against B. bigemina.
The Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Diet-induced Prediabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Mosili Palesa , Mkhize Bongeka Cassandra , Ngubane Phikelelani , Sibiya Ntethelelo , Khathi Andile 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR index, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test (FST) were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were measured too. Results: Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone (CORT) was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed underwent the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion: These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.
Using Audit and Feedback and the Benchmark to Enhance Infection Prevention and Control of Multidrug Resistant Organisms: a Quasi-experiment Study
Authors: Zhou Qian , Lai Xiaoquan , Zhang Xinping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundInfection prevention and control (IPC) is important to prevent the spread of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). We aimed to enhance and explore the implementation of preventing and controlling MDROs using audit and feedback and the benchmark. MethodsThis quasi-experimental design was conducted in three hospitals from 1st March 2018 to 30th September 2019. A multimodal intervention treated audit and feedback and benchmark as key components for MDROs IPC was conducted in Wuhan, China. A checklist of 40 implementation indicators based on IPC measures was formed to guide the audit twice a week. Immediate feedback was verbally given after each audit on the spot, and written feedbacks containing benchmark and individual implementation levels were delivered monthly or quarterly in three hospitals. The intervention effect was evaluated by Chi-square and Poisson segmented linear regression. Impacts of implementation of indicators on the incidence were modeled by mixed-effect regressions. ResultsThe incidence of nosocomial MDROs decreased by 19.39%, 20.55%, and 24.03% in A, B, and C hospital, respectively. The lowest implementation compliance of indicators was the use of personal protective equipment of doctors (50.24%). The highest was isolated warning signs of nurses (96.46%). The implementation on hand hygiene of doctors (Coef. = -27.87, p=0.001) and nurses (Coef. = -35.44, p=0.001), clean of surrounding instruments and bed unit (Coef. = -4.84, p=0.030), education to patients and relatives (Coef. = -59.51, p=0.031), and sending of specimen inspection timely (Coef. = -9.95, p<0.001) were negatively associated with the incidence of nosocomial MDROs infection. Conclusions The multimodal intervention by strengthening the implementation of audit and feedback and the benchmark is feasible and effective in China. The checklist is an effective and practical tool to measure the level of implementation. Education to patients and relatives, hand hygiene, clean of surrounding instruments and bed unit, and sending of specimen inspection timely are especially crucial.
The Association Between Adherence to The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Neuro-Psychological Function in Young Women
Authors: Saharkhiz Mansoore , Ayadilord Malaksima , karbasi samira , Naseri Mohsen , Abad Mahin Siami Ali , Ferns Gordon A. , Bahrami Afsane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The beneficial impact of adherence to a DASH diet may have a bidirectional relationship with mental wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the DASH diet and neuro-psychological function in young women.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 181 adolescent girls aged between 18-25 years were recruited. The dietary intakes of study participants were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 65 food items. Neuropsychological function of participants was evaluated using standard questionnaires.Results: As may be expected, individuals in the highest tertile of adherence to DASH diet (high adherence) consumed more folate, fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy, nuts, legume, and seed , and less sweetened beverage and sodium, compared to the participants in the lowest tertile (lower adherence). There was a significant negative relationship between cognitive function and consumption of red and processed meat (r=-0.168; p<0.05), quality of life score with dietary sodium (r=-0.151; p<0.01) and depression score with vegetables (r=-0.174; p<0.05). In multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI and energy intake, adherence to a DASH style-pattern was protective against stress score (OR=0.32; 95%CI: 0.14-0.71) and difficulty with sleep initiating (OR=0.46; 95%CI: 0.21-1.00).Conclusion: Adherence to a DASH diet may be a protective against a high stress score and difficulty with sleep initiating.
Automatic Arrhythmia Detection Using One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Zhong , Wang Xin’an 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common diseases that pose significant threats to human health. Statistics have demonstrated that a large number of individuals die unexpectedly from sudden CVDs. Therefore, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of abnormal changes in cardiac activity are critical, as they can help the elderly and patients handle emergencies in a timely manner. To this end, a round-the-clock electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system can be developed with the quick detection of an ECG signal, segmentation of the detected ECG signal, and rapid diagnosis of a single segmented ECG beat. In this paper, to achieve the automatic detection and diagnosis of an ECG signal, five common types of ECG signals are used for recognition. For pre-processing the original ECG signal, the dual-slope detection algorithm is proposed and developed. Then, with the pre-processed ECG data, a five-layer one-dimensional convolutional neural network is constructed to classify five categories of heartbeats, namely, a normal heartbeat and four types of abnormal heartbeats. Results: To be able to compare the results of the experiment, the experimental data used in this study are obtained from the open-source MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. This database is authoritative, as each ECG signal cycle is annotated by at least two cardiologists, and abnormal ECG signals are classified into different categories. By comparing the detection and recognition results in this study with the results annotated in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, an overall accuracy of 96.20% is achieved in the classification of normal ECG signals and four categories of abnormal ECG signals.Conclusions: This paper provides an accurate method with low computational complexity for 24-hour dynamic monitoring and automated diagnosis of heartbeat conditions. With wearable devices, this method can be used at home for the initial screening of CVDs. In addition, it can perform diagnosis and warning for postoperative patients or patients with chronic CVDs.
Current Laboratory and Clinical Practices in Reporting and Interpreting Anti-nuclear Antibody Indirect Immunofluorescence (ANA IIF) Patterns: Results of an International Survey
Authors: Hoovels Lieve Van , Broeders Sylvia , Chan Edward K.L. , Andrade Luis , Cruvinel Wilson de Melo , Damoiseaux Jan , Viander Markku , Herold Manfred , Coucke Wim , Heijnen Ingmar , Bogdanos Dimitrios , Calvo-Alén Jaime , Eriksson Catharina , Kozmar Ana , Kuhi Liisa , Bonroy Carolien , Lauwerys Bernard , Schouwers Sofie , Lutteri Laurence , Vercammen Martine , Mayer Miroslav , Patel Dina , Egner William , Puolakka Kari , Tesija-Kuna Andrea , Shoenfeld Yehuda , de Sousa Maria José Rego , Hoyos Marcos Lopez , Radice Antonella , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns (ICAP) has recently proposed nomenclature in order to harmonize ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern reporting. ICAP distinguishes competent-levelfrom expert-level patterns. A survey was organized to evaluate reporting, familiarity, and considered clinical value of ANA IIF patterns. MethodsTwo surveys were distributed by European Autoimmunity Standardization Initiative (EASI) working groups, the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) and UKNEQASto laboratory specialists and clinicians. Results438 laboratory specialists and 248 clinicians from 67 countries responded. Except for dense fine speckled (DFS), the nuclear competent patterns were reported by >85% of the laboratories. Except for rods and rings, the cytoplasmic competent patterns were reported by >72% of laboratories. Cytoplasmic IIF staining was considered ANA positive by 55% of clinicians and 62% of laboratory specialists, with geographical and expertise-related differences. Quantification of fluorescence intensity was considered clinically relevant for nuclear patterns, but less so for cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns.Combining IIF with specific extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)/dsDNA antibody testing was considered most informative. Of the nuclear competent patterns, the centromere and homogeneous pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the DFS pattern the lowest. Of the cytoplasmic patterns, the reticular/mitochondria-like pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the polar/Golgi-like and rods and rings patterns the lowest. ConclusionThis survey confirms that the major nuclear and cytoplasmic ANA IIF patterns are considered clinically important. There is no unanimity on classifying DFS, rods and rings and polar/Golgi-like as a competent pattern and on reporting cytoplasmic patterns as ANA IIF positive.