bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase and prognostic relevance in adult cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Schaefer Anne-Kristin , Hutschala Doris , Andreas Martin , Bernardi Martin H , Brands Ruud , Shabanian Shiva , Laufer Günther , Wiedemann Dominik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces inflammatory responses, which may lead to the loss of alkaline phosphatase (AP) that is consumed in the process of dephosphorylating detrimental extracellular nucleotides in this proinflammatory state. It has been reported that low postoperative AP levels correlate with increased postoperative support requirement and organ dysfunction after paediatric cardiac surgery. However, little is known about the perioperative development and clinical relevance of AP depletion in adults undergoing CPB.

METHODS
A total of 183 patients with a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50% undergoing mitral valve surgery ± concomitant related procedures at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, between 2013 and 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. Serum AP measurements at baseline and on postoperative days 1–15 were collected. Absolute and relative drop of AP on postoperative day 1 from baseline was correlated with perioperative and early postoperative parameters. Receiver operating characteristics were used to define suitable predictors and cut-offs for postoperative outcome variables.

RESULTS
Receiver operating characteristics showed a reduction of &gt;50% of baseline AP to predict in-hospital mortality [area under the curve (AUC) 0.807], prolonged intensive care unit stay (&gt;72 h, AUC 0.707), prolonged mechanical ventilation (&gt;24 h, AUC 0.712) and surgery-related dialysis requirement (AUC 0.736). Patients with a perioperative reduction in circulating AP to levels below 50% of baseline had a significantly decreased survival. Patients with high perioperative AP loss had higher preoperative AP levels (P &lt; 0.001), longer CPB duration (P &lt; 0.001) and higher incidence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Increased perioperative AP loss is associated with adverse early outcome. Prospective trials are needed to determine whether this effect can be counteracted by perioperative AP supplementation.
Relevance of Electrical Light on Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation in Laboratory Animal Facilities
Authors: Hanifin John P , Dauchy Robert T , Blask David E , Hill Steven M , Brainard George C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight is a key extrinsic factor to be considered in operations and design of animal room facilities. Over the past four decades, many studies on typical laboratory animal populations have demonstrated impacts on neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral, and circadian physiology. These effects are regulated independently from the defined physiology for the visual system. The range of physiological responses that oscillate with the 24 hour rhythm of the day include sleep and wakefulness, body temperature, hormonal secretion, and a wide range of other physiological parameters. Melatonin has been the chief neuroendocrine hormone studied, but acute light-induced effects on corticosterone as well as other hormones have also been observed. Within the last two decades, a new photosensory system in the mammalian eye has been discovered. A small set of retinal ganglion cells, previously thought to function as a visual output neuron, have been shown to be directly photosensitive and act differently from the classic photoreceptors of the visual system. Understanding the effects of light on mammalian physiology and behavior must take into account how the classical visual photoreceptors and the newly discovered ipRGC photoreceptor systems interact. Scientists and facility managers need to appreciate lighting impacts on circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation in order to improve lighting of laboratory facilities to foster optimum health and well-being of animals.
Oxycodone Concentrations and Metabolic Ratios in Femoral Blood from Fatal Intoxications and Other Causes of Death using LC–MS-MS
Authors: Jakobsson Gerd , Gréen Henrik , Kronstrand Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Oxycodone (OC) is an opioid with strong analgesic effects widely used to treat acute and chronic pain. Interpretation of OC concentrations in postmortem cases is complicated due to tolerance and overlapping concentrations for fatal and non-fatal levels. In this study, our aim was to develop and validate a method for OC and its three metabolites: noroxycodone (NOC), oxymorphone (OM) and noroxymorphone (NOM) in postmortem femoral blood. Our goal was to define reference concentrations for intoxications and non-intoxications and investigate metabolic ratios in different causes of death. A rapid LC–MS-MS method using protein-precipitated postmortem blood was developed. Lower limit of quantitation was 0.005 μg/g blood for all analytes; upper limit of quantitation was 1.0 μg/g for OC and NOC and 0.25 μg/g for OM and NOM. The method displayed high precision (3.3–7.7%) and low bias (−0.3 to 12%). In total, 192 cases were analyzed and concentrations ranged from 0.005 to 13 μg/g for OC, 0.005 to 2.0 μg/g for NOC, 0.005 to 0.24 μg/g for OM, and 0.005 to 0.075 μg/g for NOM. We found a significant difference in OC concentration between the cases where OC contributed and those where it did not. In spite of that, we do not recommend the use of a specific blood concentration to distinguish fatal intoxications. Instead, the percentiles from our data set suggest that concentrations &gt;0.2 μg/g are likely to have contributed to toxicity, but that concentrations as high as 0.3 might be tolerated without toxic effects. In addition, we also found that a low NOC/OC ratio could point toward an acute fatal intoxication. In conclusion, the OC concentration alone may not be sufficient to diagnose a fatal intoxication.
The Effects of Numerical Divisibility on Loneliness Perceptions and Consumer Preferences
Authors: Yan Dengfeng , Sengupta Jaideep 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research seeks to examine, first, whether and why consumers perceive divisible versus indivisible numbers differently and, second, how such divergent perceptions influence consumer preferences for marketer-created entities associated with divisible versus indivisible numbers. Integrating insights from two different literatures—numerical cognition and loneliness—we propose and find that numbers perceived to be divisible (vs. indivisible) are viewed as having more “connections” and are therefore deemed to be less lonely. Building on these findings and the literature on compensatory consumption, we then propose and demonstrate that a temporary feeling of loneliness increases participants’ relative preference for various targets—products, attributes, and prices—associated with divisible (vs. indivisible) numbers, which are perceived to be relatively more connected and less lonely. It merits mention that our findings are triangulated across a wide variety of numbers, different product categories, and multiple operationalizations of loneliness.
The women behind Times New Roman
Authors: Savoie Alice 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The narrative behind the creation of Times New Roman, one of the most widely used typefaces in the western world, is well established and revolves around famous male figures of British typographic history. This article recognises the role played by the Monotype Type Drawing Office (TDO), and of its draughtswomen in particular, in the making of the typeface. While female figures are largely absent from type histories, this contribution emphasises the key role played by the women who worked on adapting Stanley Morison’s original idea for Times New Roman into a fully working, extensive type family. Based on original archival material, it discusses the background of these women, their working conditions, and the nature of their contribution to type-making. In a wider perspective, this article advocates a more inclusive and collaborative view of design history and of its narratives.
Protective or connective professionalism? How connected professionals can (still) act as autonomous and authoritative experts
Authors: Noordegraaf Mirko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraditionally, professionals such as medical doctors, lawyers, and academics are protected. They work within well-defined jurisdictions, belong to specialized segments, have been granted autonomy, and have discretionary spaces. In this way, they can be socialized, trained, and supervised, case-related considerations and decisions can be substantive (instead of commercial), and decisions can be taken independently. Ideally, these decisions are authoritative and accepted, both by clients as well as society (stakeholders) who trust professional services. This ideal-typical but also ‘ideal’ imagery always had its flaws; nowadays, shortcomings are increasingly clear. ‘Protective professionalism’ is becoming outdated. Due to heterogeneity and fragmentation within professional fields, the interweaving of professional fields, and dependencies of professional actions on outside worlds, professionals can no longer isolate themselves from others and outsiders. At first sight, this leads to a ‘decline’, ‘withering away’, or ‘hollowing out’ of professionalism. Or it leads to attempts to ‘reinstall’, ‘reinvent’, or ‘return to’ professional values and spaces. In this article, we avoid such ‘all or nothing’ perspectives on changing professionalism and explore the ‘reconfiguration’ of professionalism. Professional identities and actions can be adapted and might become ‘hybrid’, ‘organized’, and ‘connected’. Professional and organizational logics might be interrelated; professionals might see organizational (or organizing) duties as belonging to their work; and professional fields might open up to outside worlds. We particularly explore connective professionalism, arguing that we need more fundamental reflections and redefinitions of what professionalism means and what professionals are. We focus on the question of how professional action can be related to others and outsiders and remain ‘knowledgeable’, ‘autonomous’, and ‘authoritative’ at the same time. This can no longer be a matter of expertise, autonomy, and authority as fixed and closed entities. These crucial dimensions of professional action become relational and processual. They have to be enacted on a continuous basis, backed by mechanisms that make professionalism knowledgeable, independent, and authoritative in the eyes of others.
A low-mass stellar companion to the young variable star RZ Psc
Authors: Kennedy Grant M , Ginski Christian , Kenworthy Matthew A , Benisty Myriam , Henning Thomas , van Holstein Rob G , Kral Quentin , Ménard François , Milli Julien , Quiroga-Nuñez Luis Henry , Rab Christian , Stolker Tomas , Sturm Ardjan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
RZ Psc is a young Sun-like star with a bright and warm infrared excess that is occasionally dimmed significantly by circumstellar dust structures. Optical depth arguments suggest that the dimming events do not probe a typical sightline through the circumstellar dust, and are instead caused by structures that appear above an optically thick mid-plane. This system may therefore be similar to systems where an outer disc is shadowed by material closer to the star. Here, we report the discovery that RZ Psc hosts a $0.12\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ companion at a projected separation of 23 au. We conclude that the disc must orbit the primary star. While we do not detect orbital motion, comparison of the angle of linear polarization of the primary with the companion’s on-sky position angle provides circumstantial evidence that the companion and disc may not share the same orbital plane. Whether the companion severely disrupts the disc, truncates it, or has little effect at all will require further observations of both the companion and disc.
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Light of Evolution: Insight from Fish
Authors: Lescat Laury , Véron Vincent , Mourot Brigitte , Péron Sandrine , Chenais Nathalie , Dias Karine , Riera-Heredia Natàlia , Beaumatin Florian , Pinel Karine , Priault Muriel , Panserat Stéphane , Salin Bénédicte , Guiguen Yann , Bobe Julien , Herpin Amaury , Seiliez Iban 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis recognized as a key player of the control of numerous cellular functions, and whose defects have been associated with several human pathologies. To date, this cellular function is presumed to be restricted to mammals and birds, due to the absence of an identifiable lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a limiting and essential protein for CMA, in nontetrapod species. However, the recent identification of expressed sequences displaying high homology with mammalian LAMP2A in several fish species challenges that view and suggests that CMA likely appeared earlier during evolution than initially thought. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary history of the LAMP2 gene in vertebrates and demonstrate that LAMP2 indeed appeared at the root of the vertebrate lineage. Using a fibroblast cell line from medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), we further show that the splice variant lamp2a controls, upon long-term starvation, the lysosomal accumulation of a fluorescent reporter commonly used to track CMA in mammalian cells. Finally, to address the physiological role of Lamp2a in fish, we generated knockout medaka for that specific splice variant, and found that these deficient fish exhibit severe alterations in carbohydrate and fat metabolisms, in consistency with existing data in mice deficient for CMA in liver. Altogether, our data provide the first evidence for a CMA-like pathway in fish and bring new perspectives on the use of complementary genetic models, such as zebrafish or medaka, for studying CMA in an evolutionary perspective.
CLUE: a bioinformatic and wet-lab pipeline for multiplexed cloning of custom sgRNA libraries
Authors: Becker Martin , Noll-Puchta Heidi , Amend Diana , Nolte Florian , Fuchs Christiane , Jeremias Irmela , Braun Christian J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The systematic perturbation of genomes using CRISPR/Cas9 deciphers gene function at an unprecedented rate, depth and ease. Commercially available sgRNA libraries typically contain tens of thousands of pre-defined constructs, resulting in a complexity challenging to handle. In contrast, custom sgRNA libraries comprise gene sets of self-defined content and size, facilitating experiments under complex conditions such as in vivo systems. To streamline and upscale cloning of custom libraries, we present CLUE, a bioinformatic and wet-lab pipeline for the multiplexed generation of pooled sgRNA libraries. CLUE starts from lists of genes or pasted sequences provided by the user and designs a single synthetic oligonucleotide pool containing various libraries. At the core of the approach, a barcoding strategy for unique primer binding sites allows amplifying different user-defined libraries from one single oligonucleotide pool. We prove the approach to be straightforward, versatile and specific, yielding uniform sgRNA distributions in all resulting libraries, virtually devoid of cross-contaminations. For in silico library multiplexing and design, we established an easy-to-use online platform at www.crispr-clue.de. All in all, CLUE represents a resource-saving approach to produce numerous high quality custom sgRNA libraries in parallel, which will foster their broad use across molecular biosciences.
Phylogenetic patterns suggest frequent multiple origins of secondary metabolites across the seed-plant ‘tree of life’
Authors: Zhang Yongzeng , Deng Tao , Sun Lu , Landis Jacob B , Moore Michael J , Wang Hengchang , Wang Yuehua , Hao Xiaojiang , Chen Jijun , Li Shenghong , Xu Maonian , Puno Pema-Tenzin , Raven Peter H , Sun Hang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the phylogenetic patterns of the distribution and evolution of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), we selected 8 classes of PSMs and mapped them onto an updated phylogenetic tree including 437 families of seed plants. A significant phylogenetic signal was detected in 17 of the 18 tested seed-plant clades for at least 1 of the 8 PSM classes using the D statistic. The phylogenetic signal, nevertheless, indicated weak clustering of PSMs compared to a random distribution across all seed plants. The observed signal suggests strong diversifying selection during seed-plant evolution and/or relatively weak evolutionary constraints on the evolution of PSMs. In the survey of the current phylogenetic distributions of PSMs, we found that multiple origins of PSM biosynthesis due to external selective forces for diverse genetic pathways may have played important roles. In contrast, a single origin of PSMs seems rather uncommon. The distribution patterns for PSMs observed in this study may also be useful in the search for natural compounds for medicinal purposes.
A Critical Analysis of the Kampala Convention from a Children’s Rights Perspective
Authors: Fawole Charissa E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A notable proportion of the persons living in situations of internal displacement in Africa are children. Despite the near-universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the wide ratification of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child among States in Africa, it is not clear the extent to which the ratification of these treaties has influenced the region’s legal framework for the protection and assistance of internally displaced children. This contribution addresses this issue through its analysis of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa from a children’s rights perspective. While the Convention does incorporate some principles of a children’s rights perspective, the analysis reveals that there are some inadequacies regarding the Convention’s overall incorporation of a children’s rights perspective. Based on the analysis, this contribution provides recommendations to use a children’s rights perspective to implement the Convention.
O1.4. HOW THE MOST CITED RESEARCH ARTICLES ABOUT SCHIZOPHRENIA IN 2018 DEPICT THE DISEASE?
Authors: Tonsig Gabriela , Dino Maria , Haguiara Bernardo , Fonseca Lais , Orsi José , Bressan Rodrigo , Gadelha Ary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the progress in treatment and clinical outcomes, schizophrenia remains a highly stigmatized disease and imposes a challenge to families and patients towards recovery. Stigma can debilitate individuals as much as the disease itself, representing one of the most relevant obstacles to overcome the illness: it hinders the pursuit of autonomy and achievement of life goals. Stigma is complex and multilayered and its research usually focus on patients and society, but a lower number of studies address health professionals stigma. Even fewer investigate stigma of researchers. Thus, our objective is to analyze how the most cited research papers published in 2018 addressing schizophrenia depict the disease to identify putative stigma among researchers.

Methods
In this exploratory study, we conducted a search using Web of Science (WoS) with the following terms: (“patients with schizophrenia”) OR (“schizophrenia patients”). We restricted the search to articles published in 2018 and selected the 20 studies with the highest total number of citations. We identified how the authors defined schizophrenia and then categorized the definition in three groups: (1) negative perspective, in which depreciative words were used to define the disease; (2) neutral definition, in which emphasis is given to the description of epidemiological data; and (3) neutral to positive definition, when negative outcomes were listed as possibilities, not certainties. Two independent authors (G.K. and M.M.) categorized each article and eventual conflicts were solved by a third author (A.G.)

Results
25% of the studies depicted a clearly negative perspective of schizophrenia. In these studies, the disease was described with words such as “devastating” and “highly disabling”. Most studies (60%) were coded as neutral, being mainly descriptive of current epidemiological data. Only 3 studies (15%) were identified as more favorable, since they acknowledged the possibility of better outcomes among patients with schizophrenia.

Discussion
In the current schizophrenia scientific literature, negative views of the disease are still largely common. Considering the role of highly cited papers as opinion formers, we suggest that as occurred in other fields, such as the change in address of suicide by the media, some orientation should be adopted to avoid further contributions to the schizophrenia stigma.
O6.2. A NETWORK FOR COGNITIVE, MOTOR, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Moura Bernardo , van Rooijen Geeske , Schirmbeck Frederike , Wigman Johanna , Van Harten Peter , Madeira Luís , Roberto Bakker P , van Os Jim , Marcelis Machteld 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are complex syndromes involving multiple clinical manifestations. Besides psychopathological symptoms, cognitive and motor alterations are also highly relevant in the context of the comprehension, assessment, and treatment of these disorders. Moreover, these three domains of clinical manifestations display complex reciprocal interactions that require further characterization. This work aims to use network analysis to investigate the associations between cognitive, motor, and psychopathological alterations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This approach might prove to be advantageous in identifying key variables for the assessment and treatment of these disorders.

Methods
A sample of 732 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from a multi-site cohort study was included in the analysis. We estimated a network using a regularized Gaussian Graphical Model and conducted network stability analyses. Twenty-six nodes were included, encompassing items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, multiple neuropsychological tests, and clinician-assessed extrapyramidal symptoms’ scores. The results were further explored with centrality analyses and network comparisons between subgroups defined according to illness duration and remission status.

Results
We found that the estimated network was densely interconnected. Furthermore, nodes representing symptoms of disorganization were very central and, therefore, pivotal in connecting other psychopathological symptoms to cognitive and motor alterations. The estimated network for the subgroup of patients in remission showed a more sparse density and a different structure from the network of non-remitted patients.

Discussion
In conclusion, in the context of a broader representation of schizophrenia spectrum disorders’ manifestations, our results of a network analysis confirm a close association between different symptom domains and unveil a highly influential role of disorganization symptoms. Moreover, structural differences in networks occur according to remission status. These results are relevant for research in nosology, clinical assessment, and treatment approaches.