bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TACO‐BEL‐3: a feasibility study and a retrospective audit of diuretics for patients receiving blood transfusion at ten hospitals
Authors: Khandelwal Aditi , Lin Yulia , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Al Moosawi Muntadhar , Armali Chantal , Arnold Donald , Callum Jeannie , Dallas Karen L. , Lieberman Lani , Pavenski Katerina , Rioux‐Massé Benjamin , Shehata Nadine , Shih Andrew W. , Pendergrast Jacob 
Published: October 2020

Background and ObjectivesTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) is the leading cause of transfusion‐related morbidity and mortality. A recently completed pilot trial randomized patients to pre‐transfusion furosemide versus placebo but had a slower than expected enrollment rate. We sought to determine whether the lack of recruitment was due to a paucity of eligible patients or excessively restrictive eligibility criteria.Materials and MethodsAt 10 sites, eligible patients were retrospectively identified by first screening blood bank databases over one month for all transfusion episodes meeting trial inclusion criteria, defined as non‐surgical patients receiving single RBC unit transfusions. The age threshold was decreased from 65 to 50 years. The first 10 patients meeting inclusion criteria then underwent detailed chart review for the exclusion criteria. The incidence of TACO and furosemide use was also recorded.ResultsAt the 10 sites, 11 969 red cell units were transfused over 1 month and 1356 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 100 charts reviewed, 60 (60%) had no exclusion criteria. Active bleeding was the most common reason for ineligibility. There were 813 eligible transfusion episodes. Of the eligible patients, 17 (28·3%) had evidence of congestive heart failure, and furosemide was prescribed in 24 (40%). Despite the use of a lower age threshold, three cases of TACO were detected with an incidence of 3%.ConclusionA large number of transfusion episodes met eligibility criteria. With a 3% incidence of TACO, 50% decrease through the use pre‐transfusion furosemide and a target consent rate of 30%, a definitive trial of approximately 3000 patients could be completed within 1 year.
Putting the spotlight on donation‐related risks and donor safety – are we succeeding in protecting donors?
Authors: Mikkelsen Christina , Mori Gaia , van Walraven Suzanna M. , Castrén Johanna , Zahra Sharon , MacLennan Sheila , Seidel Kirsten , Fontana Stefano , Veropalumbo Eva , Cannata Livia , Pupella Simonetta , Kvist Maria , Happel Marjan , Korkalainen Piia , Wulff Birgit , Fernandez‐Sojo Jesus , Eguizabal Cristina , Urbano Fernando , Vesga Miguel Angel , Pozenel Primoz , van Kraaij Marian , Hansen Morten Bagge , Slot Ed , Ullum Henrik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe European consortium project TRANSPOSE (TRANSfusion and transplantation: PrOtection and SElection of donors) aimed to assess and evaluate the risks to donors of Substances of Human Origin (SoHO), and to identify gaps between current donor vigilance systems and perceived risks.Materials and methodsNational and local data from participating organizations on serious and non‐serious adverse reactions in donors were collected from 2014 to 2017. Following this, a survey was performed among participants to identify risks not included in the data sets. Finally, participants rated the risks according to severity, level of evidence and prevalence.ResultsSignificant discrepancies between anticipated donor risks and the collected data were found. Furthermore, many participants reported that national data on adverse reactions in donors of stem cells, gametes, embryos and tissues were not routinely collected and/or available.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that there is a need to further develop and standardize donor vigilance in Europe and to include long‐term risks to donors, which are currently underreported, ensuring donor health and securing the future supply of SoHO.
A branded bandage is worth a thousand words: blood branded bandages signal men’s generosity and morality
Authors: Lam Michael , Masser Barbara M. , Dixson Barnaby J.W. 
Published: October 2020

Background and ObjectiveRecruiting and retaining male donors remain an ongoing challenge for blood collection agencies. Research suggests that interventions based on costly signalling theory that allows donors to unobtrusively but publicly signal their donor status may be effective. However, what functions as such a signal and how it is interpreted has not been determined.Materials and MethodsA total of 242 Australian residents (127 female; 115 male) recruited through an online research platform rated their perceptions of a male target wearing (a) no bandage, (b) a regular unmarked bandage or (c) a blood donor branded bandage.ResultsThe target wearing a blood donor branded bandage was rated as significantly more generous by female participants and moral compared to both the target who wore no bandage and the target wearing a regular unmarked bandage. The target wearing the unmarked bandage was perceived as significantly less healthy and competent compared to the target not wearing a bandage.ConclusionA public signal of public donor status conveys the generosity and morality of the wearer. The bandage applied to donors after they have donated can act as such an effective signal, but only when these bandages are clearly branded as resulting from donating blood.
Blood supply management in times of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic – challenges, strategies adopted, and the lessons learned from the experience of a hospital‐based blood centre
Authors: Pandey Hem Chandra , Coshic Poonam , C S Chippy , Arcot Priyadarsini Jayachandran , Kumar Karan 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionNumerous concerns regarding maintenance of blood inventory have been raised after SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic outbreak. These concerns were based on the experience of blood centres in previous pandemics where shortage of blood components was reported. The present study had tried to understand the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on blood collection and demand as well as the impact of disaster planning in maintaining an adequate inventory.MethodsData related to blood supply and demand were collected retrospectively using blood bank management software for pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 time period and compared. Strategies adopted and effects of changes in existing disaster plans to maintain an adequate inventory were studied.ResultsA drastic fall in the red cell inventory was observed as compared to pre‐COVID‐19 time period was observed due to disproportionate decrease in blood collection (1/6 to 1/9 of the previous collection) and demand (1/2 of the previous demand). The buffer stock fell gradually over a period of three weeks with cancellation of planned blood donation drives. A buffer stock equivalent to 2‐week inventory led to adequate inventory in the initial lockdown periods. Similar fall was observed in the platelet inventory with reduction in the blood collection but almost a proportionate reduction in the platelet demand led to adequate inventory. No increase in wastage was observed for both red cells and platelets during this period.DiscussionA buffer stock of blood and blood components, strict adherence to the transfusion triggers, good coordination with the clinical staff and a prospective review of blood transfusion requests to ensure rational blood transfusion were some of the steps which helped us to successfully maintain transfusion requirements in the initial phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Use of first‐in‐first‐out policy prevented any wastage due to outdating of blood.
A three‐dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle in dogs
Authors: Longo Federico , Nicetto Tommaso , Pozzi Antonio , Contiero Barbara , Isola Maurizio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle (TTa) and to evaluate intrarater and interrater agreements and accuracy through comparison with anatomic measurements.Study designEx vivo cadaveric study.Sample populationThirty‐six tibiae from 18 dogs.MethodsTibial torsion angle of each tibia was measured by using two CT techniques (axial and 3D volume rendering) by three raters who blindly measured TTa in duplicate. A semitransparent bone filter was used to enhance the visibility of the target anatomical landmarks for the 3D volume rendering CT technique. Tibial torsion angle was also quantitated in tibial specimens. Intrarater and interrater agreements were analyzed by using intraclass coefficients (ICC). Accuracy was evaluated by using adjusted R2 coefficients (R2 > 80% was considered acceptable).ResultsThe 3D volume rendering CT technique had excellent intrarater and interrater agreements (ICC > 0.94) and an R2 value of 97%. The axial CT technique had good to excellent intrarater and interrater agreements (0.8 < ICC < 0.95) and an R2 of 86%. No difference was found between axial and 3D CT techniques. A mean internal TT angle of approximately −6° was found with CT and anatomic measurements.ConclusionThe 3D volume rendering and axial CT techniques were precise and accurate for measuring TTa in dogs unaffected by patellar luxation.Clinical relevanceCombining 3D bone manipulation with application of a semitransparent filter allows simultaneous visualization of anatomic landmarks, which may facilitate the evaluation of complex bone deformations. Internal tibial torsion may be present in nonchondrodystrophic dogs without patella luxation.
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with cross‐linked acellular porcine corneal stroma to manage fungal keratitis
Authors: Zheng Qinxiang , Zhang Yueqin , Ren Yueping , Zhao Zelin , Hua Shanshan , Li Jinyang , Wang Haiou , Ye Cong , Kim Andy D. , Wang Liya , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with cross‐linked acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) and post‐operative topical tacrolimus treatment in patients with fungal keratitis.MethodsThis multicenter prospective study involved 25 cases of fungal keratitis that were treated by DALK with cross‐linked APCSs and post‐operative topical tacrolimus from December 2013 to November 2014 at the Wenzhou Eye Hospital and the Henan provincial Eye Hospital. Signs of post‐operative inflammation, corneal reepithelialization, corneal neovascularization, and graft rejection were assessed, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and APCS graft transparency were monitored for the 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsAll 25 patients underwent DALK without Descemet's membrane perforation. Corneal epithelium recovered completely in 17 patients in the first week, and APCS grafts maintained transparency in 18 patients at 1‐year follow‐up. The mean BCVA significantly improved from 2.16 ± 0.32 (LogMAR) at baseline to 1.56 ± 0.70 at 1‐week (P < .001), 0.95 ± 0.57 at 1‐month (P < .001), and 0.70 ± 0.51 at 3‐month follow‐ups (P < .001). The BCVA kept stable at 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐ups. Post‐operative topical tacrolimus alleviated the ciliary injection, except in one case which acute stromal rejection occurred. One patient developed fungal reinfection and underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Graft rejection occurred in three patients. No case was noted with graft splitting, elevated IOP or tacrolimus intolerance.ConclusionsDALK using cross‐linked APCS combining topical tacrolimus treatment is safe and effective in managing fungal keratitis. It may ameliorate the shortage of corneal donation globally.
Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise prevents age‐ and Western diet‐ induced vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in mice
Authors: Gioscia‐Ryan Rachel A. , Clayton Zachary S. , Zigler Melanie C. , Richey James J. , Cuevas Lauren M. , Rossman Matthew J. , Battson Micah L. , Ziemba Brian P. , Hutton David A. , VanDongen Nicholas S. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: October 2020

Key pointsThe results of the present study establish the temporal pattern of age‐related vascular dysfunction across the adult lifespan in sedentary mice consuming a non‐Western diet, and the underlying mechanismsThe results demonstrate that consuming a Western diet accelerates and exacerbates vascular ageing across the lifespan in sedentary miceThey also show that lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise has remarkable protective effects on vascular function throughout the lifespan, in the setting of ageing alone, as well as ageing compounded by Western diet consumptionOverall, the results indicate that amelioration of mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms underlying the voluntary aerobic exercise‐associated preservation of vascular function across the lifespan in both the presence and absence of a Western dietary patternAbstractAdvancing age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, driven largely by vascular endothelial dysfunction (impaired endothelium‐dependent dilatation, EDD) and aortic stiffening (increased aortic pulse wave velocity, aPWV). In humans, vascular ageing occurs in the presence of differences in diet and physical activity, but the interactive effects of these factors are unknown. We assessed carotid artery EDD and aPWV across the lifespan in mice consuming standard (normal) low‐fat chow (NC) or a high‐fat/high‐sucrose Western diet (WD) in the absence (sedentary, SED) or presence (voluntary wheel running, VWR) of aerobic exercise. Ageing impaired nitric oxide‐mediated EDD (peak EDD 88 ± 12% 6 monthsP = 0.003vs. 59 ± 9% 27 months NC‐SED), which was accelerated by WD (60 ± 18% 6 months WD‐SED). In NC mice, aPWV increased 32% with age (423 ± 13 cm/s at 24 monthsP < 0.001vs. 321 ± 12 cm/s at 6 months) and absolute values were an additional ∼10% higher at any age in WD mice (P = 0.042vs. NC‐SED). Increases in aPWV with age in NC and WD mice were associated with 30–65% increases in aortic intrinsic wall stiffness (6vs. 19–27 months,P = 0.007). Lifelong aerobic exercise prevented age‐ and WD‐related vascular dysfunction across the lifespan, and this protection appeared to be mediated by mitigation of vascular mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results depict the temporal impairment of vascular function over the lifespan in mice, acceleration and exacerbation of that dysfunction with WD consumption, the remarkable protective effects of voluntary aerobic exercise, and the underlying mechanisms.
Inhibitory interneurons in a brainstem circuit adjust their inhibitory motifs to process multimodal input
Authors: Wu Calvin , Shore Susan E. 
Published: October 2020

Key points
Inhibitory‐interneuron networks, consisting of multiple forms of circuit motifs including reciprocal (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting other interneurons) and feedforward (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting principal neurons) connections, are crucial in processing sensory information.
The present study applies a statistical method to in vivo multichannel spike trains of dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons to disentangle reciprocal and feedforward‐inhibitory motifs.
After inducing input‐specific plasticity, reciprocal and feedforward inhibition are found to be differentially regulated, and the combined effect synergistically modulates circuit output.
The findings highlight the interplay among different circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation.
AbstractInhibitory interneurons play an essential role in neural computations by utilizing a combination of reciprocal (interneurons inhibiting each other) and feedforward (interneuron inhibiting the principal neuron) inhibition to process information. To disentangle the interplay between the two inhibitory‐circuit motifs and understand their effects on the circuit output, in vivo recordings were made from the guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus, a cerebellar‐like brainstem circuit. Spikes from inhibitory interneurons (cartwheel cell) and principal output neurons (fusiform cell) were compared before and after manipulating their common multimodal input. Using a statistical model based on the Cox method of modulated renewal process of spike train influence, reciprocal‐ and feedforward‐inhibition motifs were quantified. In response to altered multimodal input, reciprocal inhibition was strengthened while feedforward inhibition was weakened, and the two motifs combined to modulate fusiform cell output and acoustic‐driven responses. These findings reveal the cartwheel cell's role in auditory and multimodal processing, as well as illustrated the balance between different inhibitory‐circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation.
Flow Regime Identification in Vertical Upward Gas–Liquid Flow Using an Optical Sensor With Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Sarkodie Kwame , Fergusson-Rees Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The accurate identification of gas–liquid flow regimes in pipes remains a challenge for the chemical process industries. This paper proposes a method for flow regime identification that combines responses from a nonintrusive optical sensor with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) for vertical upward gas–liquid flow of air and water. A total of 165 flow conditions make up the dataset, collected from an experimental air–water flow loop with a transparent test section (TS) of 27.3 mm inner diameter and 5 m length. Selected features extracted from the sensor response are categorized into feature group 1, average sensor response and standard deviation, and feature group 2 that also includes percentage counts of the calibrated responses for water and air. The selected features are used to train, cross validate, and test four model cases (LDA1, LDA2, QDA1, and QDA2). The LDA models produce higher average test classification accuracies (both 95%) than the QDA models (80% QDA1 and 45% QDA2) due to misclassification associated with the slug and churn flow regimes. Results suggest that the LDA1 model case is the most stable with the lowest average performance loss and is therefore considered superior for flow regime identification. In future studies, a larger dataset may improve stability and accuracy of the QDA models, and an extension of the conditions and parameters would be a useful test of applicability.
Morphology of vascular ring arch anomalies influences prognosis and management
Authors: Ctori Elena , Crucean Adrian , Pinkey Benjamin , McGuirk Simon P , Anderson Robert H , Stickley John , Jones Timothy J , Seale Anna N 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the anatomical features of aortic arch anomalies associated with vascular rings, hoping to identify those which may increase the risk of symptomatic presentation and surgical intervention.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study at a single cardiac unit. Individuals diagnosed with an aortic arch anomaly, either isolated or non-isolated, between June 2014 and September 2018 were included. The morphology of the aortic arch was established via analysis of postnatal echocardiography, CT or MRI scans. CT and magnetic resonance studies were evaluated for the presence of a Kommerell diverticulum in those with aberrant vessels. Case notes were reviewed for relevant clinical data.ResultsOf those with aberrant subclavian arteries, 24/79 (30.4%) were shown to have a Kommerell diverticulum. Additional forms of congenital heart disease were present in 133/227 (58.6%) individuals. Surgical division of the vascular ring was performed in 30/227 (13.2%), most commonly in the setting of a double aortic arch (70.8%). In those with aberrant subclavian arteries, no children without a Kommerell diverticulum were referred for surgery. In those with a Kommerell diverticulum confirmed on imaging, 11/24 underwent surgery.ConclusionIndividuals with a double aortic arch, or an aberrant subclavian artery arising from a Kommerell diverticulum, have the highest requirement for surgical intervention, especially in isolated anomalies. These individuals should remain under monitoring. The subjective nature of symptoms remains problematic. Longitudinal research is required further to understand the natural history of vascular rings and how it links to morphology.
Comparative effectiveness of treatments for patellofemoral pain: a living systematic review with network meta-analysis
Authors: Winters Marinus , Holden Sinéad , Lura Carolina Bryne , Welton Nicky J , Caldwell Deborah M , Vicenzino Bill T , Weir Adam , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: October 2020

Objective
To investigate the comparative effectiveness of all treatments for patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Design
Living systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA).

Data sources
Sensitive search in seven databases, three grey literature resources and four trial registers.

Eligibility criteria
Randomised controlled trials evaluating any treatment for PFP with outcomes ‘any improvement’, and pain intensity.

Data extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias with Risk of Bias Tool V.2. We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation to appraise the strength of the evidence.

Primary outcome measure
‘Any improvement’ measured with a Global Rating of Change Scale.

Results
Twenty-two trials (with forty-eight treatment arms) were included, of which approximately 10 (45%) were at high risk of bias for the primary outcome. Most comparisons had a low to very low strength of the evidence. All treatments were better than wait and see for any improvement at 3 months (education (OR 9.6, 95% credible interval (CrI): 2.2 to 48.8); exercise (OR 13.0, 95% CrI: 2.4 to 83.5); education+orthosis (OR 16.5, 95% CrI: 4.9 to 65.8); education+exercise+patellar taping/mobilisations (OR 25.2, 95% CrI: 5.7 to 130.3) and education+exercise+patellar taping/mobilisations+orthosis (OR 38.8, 95% CrI: 7.3 to 236.9)). Education+exercise+patellar taping/mobilisations, with (OR 4.0, 95% CrI: 1.5 to 11.8) or without orthosis (OR 2.6, 95% CrI: 1.7 to 4.2), were superior to education alone. At 12 months, education or education+any combination yielded similar improvement rates.

Summary/conclusion
Education combined with a physical treatment (exercise, orthoses or patellar taping/mobilisation) is most likely to be effective at 3 months. At 12 months, education appears comparable to education with a physical treatment. There was insufficient evidence to recommend a specific type of physical treatment over another. All treatments in our NMA were superior to wait and see at 3 months, and we recommend avoiding a wait-and-see approach.

PROSPERO registeration number
PROSPERO registration CRD42018079502.