bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Media Advertising on Purchase Intention Through Utilitarian and Hedonic Shopping Motivation: A Study at Beauty Care and Anti-Aging Clinic Service in Surabaya
Authors: Fernandes Ervina , Semuel Hatane , Adiwijaya Michael 
Published: May 2020

This study examines whether online advertising on social media Instagram influences purchase intention
through shopping motivation. The study uses causal quantitative research methods with 110 respondents using
purposive sampling techniques. The results show that Instagram social media online advertising has a positive
effect on buying interest and utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations for beauty care products and services.
Hedonic motivation influences the customer's desire to buy beauty care products and services, but conversely,
utilitarian motivation does not affect the interest in buying beauty care products and services. Online advertising
can affect utilitarian shopping motivation but does not affect buying interest, while online advertising affects
hedonic motivation and then affects customers in buying beauty care at Favourite Beauty Care Surabaya.
Understanding the development patterns of informal settlements in Nairobi
Authors: Ono Haruka , Kidokoro Tetsuo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInformal settlements are a widespread phenomenon in African cities. This study explores the development patterns of informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, with a focus on the physical patterns, affordability of plots and rented rooms, and characteristics of developers. The results of the study were as follows:Spatial characteristics and conditions in informal settlements are not uniform. We identified squatter areas with iron‐sheet houses and narrow streets, planned areas with high‐rise buildings made of concrete blocks arranged in a perfect array, and intermediate conditions.Housing plot prices are unaffordable for most residents, while room rentals are generally fixed in accordance with the area and offer low‐income residents a wide range of choices.The owners of some structures reside in their own structure, and others are non‐residents who build and rent structures for profit. Therefore, informal settlements are not so much a place to live, but rather an attractive investment opportunity for structure owners or developers.
Archaellum
Authors: Jarrell Ken F , Tripp Patrick , Albers Sonja‐Verena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Each of the three domains of life contains its own unique swimming apparatus. The archaellum (formerly called archaeal flagellum) is a unique, ‘tail‐like’ structure used for motility by single‐celled organisms belonging to the domain Archaea. Although archaella are functionally similar to the flagella found on bacteria, they differ significantly in structure and mode of assembly. Archaella are evolutionarily related to type IV pili, and each of the two systems shares several key homologues required for assembly of the respective structures. Recent studies have contributed much to our knowledge concerning the regulation of the operon encoding the archaellum proteins. In addition, the elucidation of the structures of most of the Fla proteins involved in archaella structure and function, coupled with detailed atomic models of the archaellum, including the motor, has provided major insights into how this unique motility organelle is assembled and functions, often in harsh environments inhabited by many archaea.

Key Concepts

Each of the three domains of life has a unique motility apparatus, which have recently been assigned distinct names (Archaea: archaellum; Bacteria: flagellum and Eukaryotes: cilium).

The archaellum is functionally equivalent to flagellum but is evolutionarily related to a type IV pilus, with the archaella and type IV pili systems sharing important homologues.

Archaea have the ability to regulate the synthesis of archaella depending on growth conditions, such as available nutrients and temperature.

There can be crosstalk in the regulation of archaella with adhesive pili, allowing the cells under certain conditions to make only one type of appendage, either for swimming or adhesion.

N‐Glycosylation of the major filament proteins, the archaellins, is widespread and essential under normal conditions for assembly of filaments.

The ATPase responsible for assembly of the archaellins into the filament, that is, FlaI, is also responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP that powers the rotation of archaella.

In many archaea, the archaellum interacts with a bacterial‐like chemotaxis system that requires novel chemotaxis proteins to act as adaptors to connect the systems.

Not all archaellated species have an associated chemotaxis system.

Knowledge of the structure and assembly of archaella has greatly increased in the past 5 years with atomic models of several archaella structures as well as structures of most of the individual archaella proteins and their interaction partners.
Mutated RAP1GDS1 causes a new syndrome of dysmorphic feature, intellectual disability & speech delay
Authors: Asiri Abdulaziz , Aloyouni Essra , Umair Muhammad , Alyafee Yusra , Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Alhamoudi Kheloud M. , Almuzzaini Bader , Al Baz Abeer , Alwadaani Deemah , Nashabat Marwan , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRAP1GDS1 (RAP1, GTP‐GDP dissociation stimulator 1), also known as SmgGDS, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that regulates small GTPases, including, RHOA, RAC1, and KRAS. RAP1GDS1 was shown to be highly expressed in different tissue types including the brain. However, mutations in the RAP1GDS1 gene associated with human diseases have not previously been reported.MethodsWe report on four affected individuals, presenting intellectual disability, global developmental delay (GDD), and hypotonia. The probands’ DNA was subjected to whole‐genome sequencing, revealing a homozygous splice acceptor site mutation in the RAP1GDS1 gene (1444‐1G > A). Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the segregation of the variant in two Saudi families. The possible aberrant splicing in the patients’ RNA was investigated using RT‐PCR and changes in mRNA expression of the patients were confirmed using qRT‐PCR.ResultsThe identified splice variant was found to segregate within the two families. RT‐PCR showed that the mutation affected RAP1GDS1 gene splicing, resulting in the production of aberrant transcripts in the affected individuals. Quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that the RAP1GDS1 mRNA expression in all the probands was significantly decreased compared to that of the control, and Sanger sequencing of the probands’ cDNA revealed skipping of exon 13, further strengthening the pathogenicity of this variant.ConclusionWe are the first to report the mutation of the RAP1GDS1 gene as a potential cause of GDD and hypotonia. However, further investigations into the molecular mechanisms involved are required to confirm the role of RAP1GDS1 gene in causing GDD and hypotonia.
Methotrexate in Linear Scleroderma: Long‐Term Efficacy in Fifty Children From a Single Pediatric Rheumatology Center
Authors: Fadanelli Gloria , Agazzi Anna , Vittadello Fabio , Meneghel Alessandra , Zulian Francesco , Martini Giorgia 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo study disease course and long‐term outcome in children with linear scleroderma (SSc) treated with methotrexate (MTX) since diagnosis.MethodsThe present study was retrospective and cross‐sectional and included consecutive children with linear SSc who were treated with MTX for >1 year and were followed up for at least 2 years. Disease course was analyzed by the number of relapses and treatment changes. Relapse‐free survival was examined by Kaplan‐Meier analysis, comparing patients with linear SSc and those with other juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) disease subtypes. Disease activity and damage were assessed by the Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool and thermography.ResultsFifty patients with a mean follow‐up duration of 7.8 years and a mean MTX treatment duration of 3.1 years were included. Sixteen percent of patients did not respond to the first course of MTX, and 16% had at least 1 flare. Complete remission was observed in 18.2% of patients who were followed up for 2–5 years, in 80.0% of patients followed up for 10 years, and in 87.5% of patients followed up for >10 years. No significant difference in relapse‐free survival between patients with linear SSc and in 17 patients with other JLS disease subtypes was observed. Tissue damage was mild in 42% of patients, moderate in 32%, and severe in 26%. The correlations between severity of tissue damage and linear SSc subtype, disease duration, relapses, and remission were not significant. The relationships between treatment duration and disease relapses (P < 0.05) and severity of tissue damage (P < 0.005) were significant.ConclusionMost patients with linear SSc who are treated with MTX achieve complete and long‐lasting remission. Overall aesthetic and functional sequelae are moderate, most likely because tissue damage is established early and treatment likely stabilizes the damage. Early diagnosis and MTX treatment, as well as long‐term monitoring, are crucial to improve outcome and promptly identify flares.
Tacky Elastomers to Enable Tear‐Resistant and Autonomous Self‐Healing Semiconductor Composites
Authors: Zhang Song , Cheng Yu‐Hsuan , Galuska Luke , Roy Anirban , Lorenz Matthias , Chen Beibei , Luo Shaochuan , Li Yen‐Ting , Hung Chih‐Chien , Qian Zhiyuan , St. Onge Peter Blake Joseph , Mason Gage T. , Cowen Lewis , Zhou Dongshan , Nazarenko Sergei I. , Storey Robson F. , Schroeder Bob C. , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Gu Xiaodan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMechanical failure of π‐conjugated polymer thin films is unavoidable under cyclic loading conditions, due to intrinsic defects and poor resistance to crack propagation. Here, the first tear‐resistant and room‐temperature self‐healable semiconducting composite is presented, consisting of conjugated polymers and butyl rubber elastomers. This new composite displays both a record‐low elastic modulus (<1 MPa) and ultrahigh deformability with fracture strain above 800%. More importantly, failure behavior is not sensitive to precut notches under deformation. Autonomous self‐healing at room temperature, both mechanical and electronic, is demonstrated through the physical contact of two separate films. The composite film also shows device stability in the ambient environment over 5 months due to much‐improved barrier property to both oxygen and water. Butyl rubber is broadly applicable to various p‐type and n‐type semiconducting polymers for fabricating self‐healable electronics to provide new resilient electronics that mimic the tear resistance and healable property of human skin.
Vertical Phase Separated Cesium Fluoride Doping Organic Electron Transport Layer: A Facile and Efficient “Bridge” Linked Heterojunction for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xia Jianxing , Luo Junsheng , Yang Hua , Zhao Fengjiao , Wan Zhongquan , Malik Haseeb Ashraf , Shi Yu , Han Keli , Yao Xiaojun , Jia Chunyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the interfaces of the halide perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) and ETL/metal oxide electrode (MOE) always attract and trap free carriers via the surface electrostatic force, altering quasi‐Fermi level (EFq) splitting of contact interfaces, and significantly limit the charge extraction efficiency and intrinsic stability of devices. Herein, a graded “bridge” is first reported to link the MOE and perovskite interfaces by self vertical phase separation doping (PSD), diminishing the side effect of notorious ionic defects via both reinforced interface Ebi and the vacancies filling. Experimental and theoretical results prove that the inhomogeneous distribution of CsF in the bulk or surface of PC61BM would not only form metal–oxygen (M–O) dipole on MOE, reinforcing the interface Ebi, but also create a graded energy bridge to alleviate the disadvantage of band offset raised by the enhanced interface Ebi, which significantly avoid the carrier accumulation and recombination at defective interfaces. Employing PSD, the power conversion efficiency of the devices approaches 21% with a high open‐circuit voltage (1.148 V) and delivers a high stability of 89% after aging 60 days in atmosphere without encapsulation, which is the highest efficiency of organic electron transport layers for n–i–p PSCs.
Reconfigurable and Latchable Shape‐Morphing Dielectric Elastomers Based on Local Stiffness Modulation
Authors: Aksoy Bekir , Shea Herbert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProgrammable soft materials exhibiting dynamically reconfigurable, reversible, fast, and latchable shape transformation are key for applications ranging from wearable tactile actuators to deployable soft robots. Multimorph soft actuator sheets with high load‐bearing capacity are reported, capable of bending on multiple axis, made by combining a single dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) with two layers of shape memory polymers (SMPs) fibers and an array of stretchable heaters. The rigidity of the SMP fibers can be reduced by two orders of magnitude by Joule heating, thus allowing the orientation and location of soft and hard regions to be dynamically defined by addressing the heaters. When the DEA is then actuated, it bends preferentially along the soft axis, enabling the device to morph into multiple distinct configurations. Cooling down the SMPs locks these shape changes into place. A tip deflection angle of over 300° at 5 kV is achieved with a blocking force of over 27 mN. Devices using two antagonistic DEAs are also reported that attain more complex shapes. Multimorphing is demonstrated by gripping objects with different shapes. An analytical model is developed to determine the design parameters that offers the best trade‐off between large actuation and high holding forces.
Cationic Peptidopolysaccharide with an Intrinsic AIE Effect for Combating Bacteria and Multicolor Imaging
Authors: Dong Zhenzhen , Wang Yandong , Wang Chunlei , Meng He , Li Yan , Wang Caiqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn antibacterial polymer peptidopolysaccharide (COS‐AMP) that integrates antibacterial and detection functions is constructed with a simple synthetic method. The COS‐AMP is constructed by simulating the structure of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall with chitooligosaccharide with intrinsic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect as the main chain, as well as a peptide polymer grafted onto its amino group. Based on the AIE effect and excitation‐dependent fluorescence of COS‐AMP, it is tentatively applied to multicolor imaging and quantification of bacteria. This multicolor imaging helps to match different excitation sources of fluorescent instrument for straightforward imaging and detection. The structural similarity with the bacterial cell wall component facilitates the passage of COS‐AMP across the cell wall and destroys the bacterial structure, thus it has a good broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. In addition, aromatic fluorophores are not needed, and excellent biocompatibility will make it have broad application prospects.
Low Temperature Growth of Crystalline Semiconductors on Nonepitaxial Substrates
Authors: Sarkar Debarghya , Weng Sizhe , Yang Dingzhu , Tao Jun , Naik Shreyas , Kale Salil , Chae Hyun Uk , Xu Yunpeng , Mesri Bamdad , Cronin Stephen B. , Greer Frank , Kapadia Rehan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a low temperature templated liquid phase (LT‐TLP) growth process is presented, that enables one to directly grow high optoelectronic quality single crystalline compound semiconductors (InP and InAs) on amorphous dielectrics at temperatures below 400 °C. Uniquely, the material quality is optimal when InP is grown at 300 °C, a temperature which is low enough to enable back‐end‐of‐line growth on fully fabricated Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuits. Using this low‐temperature grown InP, a transistor fabrication process is then entirely carried out at 300 °C or below, and an indium phosphide nanoribbon field effect transistor with excellent on/off ratios is demonstrated, indicating low defect density in the material. Overall, this approach enables growth of large area (tens of micron) single crystal compound semiconductor at low temperatures, establishing a back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatible process for monolithic 3D device integration.
Distortion‐Free Stretchable Light‐Emitting Diodes via Imperceptible Microwrinkles
Authors: Jeong Sujin , Yoon Hyungsoo , Lee Byeongmoon , Lee Seunghwan , Hong Yongtaek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been considered as a promising technology for next‐generation free‐form and wearable displays. However, an approach to ensure both high device performance and high resolution has not yet been suggested. While introducing a wrinkled structure in the active pixel areas is a decent method, the formation of out‐of‐plane macroscopic wrinkles having a wavelength of a few hundred µm has caused distortion in the shape of the pixel, which is a critical drawback for a matrix‐configured display demanding a sharp pixel definition. Herein, microwrinkled OLEDs are fabricated to define a distortion‐free pixel by direct deposition of OLEDs on biaxially prestretched elastomeric substrate, being feasible by a low‐temperature‐based solution process. The total thickness of the device can be significantly reduced up to 350 nm, producing the imperceptible microwrinkles having a wavelength under 20 µm. The microwrinkled OLEDs show a luminance over 8000 cd m−2 and maximum current efficiency of 7.76 cd A−1, which is comparable to the device without wrinkled structure. Finally, a stretchable 4 × 4 OLED pixel array with a microwrinkled structure is demonstrated showing sharply defined square‐patterned emission, proving the potential in the future high‐resolution stretchable display.
Self‐Assembled Nanoparticle‐Mediated Chemophototherapy Reverses the Drug Resistance of Bladder Cancers through Dual AKT/ERK Inhibition
Authors: Yu Weimin , Xue Xiangdong , Ma Ai‐Hong , Ruan Yuan , Zhang Hongyong , Cheng Fan , Li Yuanpei , Pan Chong‐Xian , Lin Tzu‐Yin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrent treatments for both non‐myoinvasive and advanced bladder cancer are suboptimal, associated with high disease recurrence rate and poor quality of life. In this work, the efficacy and mechanistic studies of the newly developed pheophorbide a (Ppa)‐hydrazone‐doxorubicin (DOX) (PhD) nanoparticles (NPs) as a triple‐modal therapeutic agent, including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, to improve bladder cancer care are reported. Spherical PhD NPs are ≈71 nm in diameter. Treatments with light and/or pH similar to the acidic tumor microenvironment accelerate DOX drug release. In comparison with DOX, trimodal therapy with PhD NPs increases cytotoxicity by 58 and 109 times in 5637 and TCCSUP cell lines, respectively, and antitumor efficacy is light‐dose dependent. In vivo studies on patient‐derived xenografts reveal that trimodal therapy of PhD NPs induces anti‐tumor effects and overcomes drug resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy matches the underlying genetic alteration of PI3K activation mutation. Both the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti‐tumor activity are realized by the inhibition of both AKT and ERK pathways and caspase‐3 mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, PhD NPs with multiple therapeutic functions show enormous potential to improve bladder cancer treatment and overcome resistance.
Electroformed, Self‐Connected Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Networks for Electronic Reservoir Computing
Authors: Le Phuong Y. , Murdoch Billy J. , Barlow Anders J. , Holland Anthony S. , McCulloch Dougal G. , McConville Chris F. , Partridge Jim G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInterconnected SnOx nanoparticle (NP) networks are electroformed within a semi‐insulating SnOx thin‐film and between lateral electrodes. During this top‐down process, Joule heating, disproportionation, and de‐wetting of the SnOx thin‐film precede the formation of the NP networks. The same lateral electrodes used for electroforming are used to probe the network and reveal its complex electrical characteristics. Higher‐order harmonic generation is observed and the internal short‐term memory effects of the NP networks enable temporal inputs to be mapped into reservoir states for subsequent linear readout without training. Reservoir computing functionality is demonstrated with no requirement for high‐vacuum or cryo‐cooled environments.
Photoelectrodes with Polydopamine Thin Films Incorporating a Bacterial Photoenzyme
Authors: Lo Presti Marco , Giangregorio Maria Michela , Ragni Roberta , Giotta Livia , Guascito Maria Rachele , Comparelli Roberto , Fanizza Elisabetta , Tangorra Roberto R. , Agostiano Angela , Losurdo Maria , Farinola Gianluca M. , Milano Francesco , Trotta Massimo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA fabrication strategy of photoactive biohybrid electrodes based on the immobilization of the bacterial reaction center (RC) onto indium tin oxide (ITO) is proposed. The RC is an integral photoenzyme that converts photons into stable charge‐separated states with a quantum yield close to one. The photogenerated electron–hole pair can be eventually exploited, with suitable redox mediators, to produce photocurrents. To this purpose, RC must be effectively anchored on the electrode surface and simple strategies for its stable immobilization ensuring prolonged enzyme photoactivity are strongly desired. In this work, polydopamine (PDA), a polymer reminiscent of the natural melanin, is used to anchor the RC on the electrode surface. PDA is easily prepared in situ by spontaneous polymerization of dopamine in slightly alkaline aerated buffered RC solution. This reaction, carried out in the presence of an ITO substrate dipped into the solution, directly leads to a stable RC‐PDA/ITO photoelectrode with 20 nm film thickness and 50% of fully functional RC occupancy. Photocurrents densities recorded using this photoelectrode are comparable to those obtained with far more sophisticated immobilization techniques. The RC‐PDA films are fully characterized by visible–near‐infrared absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopies.
Facile Fabrication of Highly Uniform Tellurium Nanorods for Self‐Powered Flexible Optoelectronics
Authors: Xiao Qi , Li Xiang‐Yang , Zhang Ze‐Qi , Hu Chen‐Xia , Dun Guan‐Hua , Sun Bing , Peng Yong , Wang Qiang , Zheng Zijian , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanoscale tellurium (Te) materials are promising for advanced optoelectronics owing to their many intriguing properties. However, the facile fabrication of highly uniform 1D Te nanostructures has been a challenge. Herein, an electrochemical exfoliation method is developed to prepare uniform Te nanorod (NRs), which can form stable and high concentration suspension in organic solvents. The morphology of the Te NRs can be well tuned by the electrochemical exfoliation condition. Flexible photodetectors based on Te NRs show an excellent responsivity of 6.1 A W−1. The detectivity achieves 1.2 × 1011 Jones, which is the highest among Te‐based photodetectors. Moreover, self‐powered photodetectors based on Te NRs are successfully fabricated, which exhibits a responsivity of 3 µA W−1. This new method paves the way for the applications of Te NRs in self‐powered flexible optoelectronics.