bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGF and a GSK3 Inhibitor Deplete Junctional E-cadherin and Stimulate Proliferation in the Mature Mammalian Ear
Authors: Kozlowski Mikolaj M. , Rudolf Mark A. , Corwin Jeffrey T. 
Published: February 2020

Sensory hair cell losses underlie the vast majority of permanent hearing and balance deficits in humans, but many nonmammalian vertebrates can fully recover from hearing impairments and balance dysfunctions because supporting cells (SCs) in their ears retain lifelong regenerative capacities that depend on proliferation and differentiation as replacement hair cells. Most SCs in vertebrate ears stop dividing during embryogenesis; and soon after birth, vestibular SCs in mammals transition to lasting quiescence as they develop massively thickened circumferential F-actin bands at their E-cadherin-rich adherens junctions. Here, we report that treatment with EGF and a GSK3 inhibitor thinned the circumferential F-actin bands throughout the sensory epithelium of cultured utricles that were isolated from adult mice of either sex. That treatment also caused decreases in E-cadherin, β-catenin, and YAP in the striola, and stimulated robust proliferation of mature, normally quiescent striolar SCs. The findings suggest that E-cadherin-rich junctions, which are not present in the SCs of the fish, amphibians, and birds which readily regenerate hair cells, are responsible in part for the mammalian ear's vulnerability to permanent balance and hearing deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMillions of people are affected by hearing and balance deficits that arise when loud sounds, ototoxic drugs, infections, and aging cause hair cell losses. Such deficits are permanent for humans and other mammals, but nonmammals can recover hearing and balance after supporting cells regenerate replacement hair cells. Mammalian supporting cells lose the capacity to proliferate around the time they develop unique, exceptionally reinforced, E-cadherin-rich intercellular junctions. Here, we report the discovery of a pharmacological treatment that thins F-actin bands, depletes E-cadherin, and stimulates proliferation in long-quiescent supporting cells within a balance epithelium from adult mice. The findings suggest that high E-cadherin in those supporting cell junctions may be responsible, in part, for the permanence of hair cell loss in mammals.
Legal Aspects Of Public Control For Information Safety In Ukraine
Authors: Petrovska I.I. 
Published: February 2020

The author analyzes the legal principles of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety in Ukraine. The study reveals the principles of state security policy. The article deals with the implementation of the idea of the unity of Ukraine through the provision of national safety in information activities (in particular regarding the receipt, use, dissemination, transformation, refutation and protection of information, its sufficiency and truthfulness).
Separate analysis of the threats to national safety and the issue of informing about the activities of public figures, individual methods of information war.
Consequently, the legal acts of Ukraine define the directions of the state policy, public officials, the basic methods of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety.
The state policy on national safety is aimed at ensuring state, economic, information, military, foreign policy, ecological safety, cyber safety of Ukraine on the basis of implementation of relevant strategies, legal acts of the information sphere. For law enforcement activities in the field of information safety is carried out democratic civilian control (which is a kind of public control).
The Reasons, The Grounds And The Results Of The Introduction Of A Martial Law In Ukraine
Authors: Fedoronchuk A.V. 
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the causes, the grounds and the results of the introduction of a martial law in Ukraine. The author analyzes the activities of the President of Ukraine regarding the implementation of the powers in this area.
Having analyzed the grounds for introducing the martial law in Ukraine, which are contained in the Law of Ukraine «On the Legal Status of Military Status», we can conclude that they existed already from 2014. In addition, the reasons for the introduction of martial law in the first years of aggression against Ukraine were more weighty. Therefore, the state of the war was to be introduced in a timely manner and on motives for protecting vital national interests from the threats existed on the part of the Russian Federation. Those changes that took place in different spheres of the state’s vital activity after the introduction of the military state did not affect the functioning and further development of our state, and therefore it confirms the possibility of introducing a martial law at an earlier stage of Russian aggression.
Land Use And Protection Control Of Ukraine: Control Function
Authors: Vivcharenko O.A. 
Published: February 2020

The article explores the legal problems of control on the use and protection of the lands of Ukraine. Specific tasks, functions, controls, forms and methods of its implementation are covered, which defined in the Law of Ukraine «On State Control of Land Use and Protection» of 19 June 2003.
Important means of controlling land use and protection are: land monitoring, state cadastre and land management. The State Land Cadastre is an important function of the state land management, through which the state influences the process of rational use and protection of land resources. The state land cadastre is designed to provide local governments, interested businesses and citizens with information about land for the purpose of organizing its rational use and protection. It contains a system of necessary information and documents on the legal regime of land, their distribution through landowners and land users, including tenants, by land categories, etc.
Land use control and protection is one of the important functions of public administration in this area of public relations. Land control should be considered not only as a function but also as a legal form of activity.
It should be noted that control is exercised: a) for all subjects of land relations, and not only for legal and natural persons; b) applies to all land irrespective of ownership.
Specific tasks, functions of control over land use and protection, as well as forms and methods of its implementation as defined in the Law of Ukraine «On State Control of Land Use and Protection» of 19 June 2003.
As a conclusion, the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of land use and protection control distinguishes between state control over land use and protection and state control over the observance of land protection legislation. The first concept is broader than the second, which reflects on the scope of powers of state bodies in this field.
A High-Quality Genome Assembly of the North American Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia
Authors: Louha Swarnali , Ray David A , Winker Kevin , Glenn Travis C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The song sparrow, Melospiza melodia, is one of the most widely distributed species of songbirds found in North America. It has been used in a wide range of behavioral and ecological studies. This species’ pronounced morphological and behavioral diversity across populations makes it a favorable candidate in several areas of biomedical research. We have generated a high-quality de novo genome assembly of M. melodia using Illumina short read sequences from genomic and in vitro proximity-ligation libraries. The assembled genome is 978.3 Mb, with a physical coverage of 24.9×, N50 scaffold size of 5.6 Mb and N50 contig size of 31.7 Kb. Our genome assembly is highly complete, with 87.5% full-length genes present out of a set of 4,915 universal single-copy orthologs present in most avian genomes. We annotated our genome assembly and constructed 15,086 gene models, a majority of which have high homology to related birds, Taeniopygia guttata and Junco hyemalis. In total, 83% of the annotated genes are assigned with putative functions. Furthermore, only ∼7% of the genome is found to be repetitive; these regions and other non-coding functional regions are also identified. The high-quality M. melodia genome assembly and annotations we report will serve as a valuable resource for facilitating studies on genome structure and evolution that can contribute to biomedical research and serve as a reference in population genomic and comparative genomic studies of closely related species.
Assembly of Mitochondrial Complex I Requires the Low-Complexity Protein AMC1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Subrahmanian Nitya , Castonguay Andrew David , Remacle Claire , Hamel Patrice Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Complex I is the first enzyme involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. With &gt;40 subunits of dual genetic origin, the biogenesis of complex I is highly intricate and poorly understood. We used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system to reveal factors involved in complex I biogenesis. Two insertional mutants, displaying a complex I assembly defect characterized by the accumulation of a 700 kDa subcomplex, were analyzed. Genetic analyses showed these mutations were allelic and mapped to the gene AMC1 (Cre16.g688900) encoding a low-complexity protein of unknown function. The complex I assembly and activity in the mutant was restored by complementation with the wild-type gene, confirming AMC1 is required for complex I biogenesis. The N terminus of AMC1 targets a reporter protein to yeast mitochondria, implying that AMC1 resides and functions in the Chlamydomonas mitochondria. Accordingly, in both mutants, loss of AMC1 function results in decreased abundance of the mitochondrial nd4 transcript, which encodes the ND4 membrane subunit of complex I. Loss of ND4 in a mitochondrial nd4 mutant is characterized by a membrane arm assembly defect, similar to that exhibited by loss of AMC1. These results suggest AMC1 is required for the production of mitochondrially-encoded complex I subunits, specifically ND4. We discuss the possible modes of action of AMC1 in mitochondrial gene expression and complex I biogenesis.
UKRAINIANS AND CITIES 1861-1917. NOT SO RURAL AND NOT SO RUSSIFIED
Authors: Velychenko Stephen 
Published: February 2020

У статті стверджується, що загальна чисельність міського населення українських губерній Російської імперії, була більшою, ніж вказано в перепису 1897 р. Масова міграція українських селян на межі століть у міста, передусім, невеликі міста, означає, що ступінь урбанізації українців не слід недооцінювати, так само як і перебільшувати ступінь їхньої політичної русифікації. Автор наполягає, що, по-перше, дані щодо міського населення у Всеросійському перепису 1897 р. мають бути переглянуті, оскільки категорія «міський» на той час не включала до себе всі де-факто міські поселення. І, по-друге, що детальний критичний перегляд усієї доступної довоєнної неофіційної статистики продемонструє більш високий ступінь урбанізації та українізації станом на 1917 р., ніж це відображається в офіційних даних. Масивні демографічні зрушення, про які свідчать ці цифри, також говорять про необхідність широкого аналізу всіх соціальних тенденцій, контекстів та політичних проблем, що були присутні в Україні в зазначений час. Оскільки реальні показники використання української мови та рівень урбанізації за межами чотирьох найбільших міст українських губерній імперії були вищими, ніж офіційно зазначено, історики не повинні недооцінювати підтримку національного руху і перебільшувати російську опозицію йому. Автор вважає, що переглянуті дані могли б підтримали аргумент, що модернізація і урбанізації в Україні за панування російського царизму не були обов'язковою перешкодою націоналізації. Стаття супроводжується таблицями із статистичними даними з проблеми дослідження.
Trends in Chest Radiographs for Pneumonia in Emergency Departments
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T. , Porter John J. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lipsett Susan C. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
National guidelines recommend against routine use of chest radiography (CXR) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Given that CXR is often used to exclude the diagnosis of CAP, a reduction in CXR use may result in overdiagnosis of CAP. We sought to evaluate trends in CXR use and assess the association between CXR performance and CAP diagnosis among children discharged from pediatric EDs.

METHODS:
Children 3 months to 18 years of age discharged from 30 US EDs with (1) CAP or (2) fever or respiratory illness between 2008 and 2018 were included. Temporal trends in CXR use and rates of CAP diagnoses among patients with fever or respiratory illness were assessed. Correlation between hospital-level CXR use and CAP diagnosis rates were evaluated by using Spearman’s correlation weighted by hospital volume.

RESULTS:
CXR usage decreased from 86.6% to 80.4% (P &lt; .001) for patients with CAP and from 30.4% to 18.6% (P &lt; .001) for children with fever or respiratory illness over the 10-year study period. CAP diagnosis rates also declined from 7.8% to 5.9% (P &lt; .001). Hospital-level CXR use was correlated with pneumonia diagnosis rates (correlation coefficient 0.58; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Over the past decade, there has been a decline in CXR use in the ED among children with pneumonia and respiratory illnesses, with a decrease in pneumonia diagnoses over the same time period. Future studies are needed to assess the role of CXR in the evaluation of children with possible pneumonia in the ED setting.
Octavia Hill y sus aportes en el origen de Trabajo Social en la Inglaterra del siglo xix
Authors: Bastidas Luna Viviana Lorena , Holguín Rosero Keila Ginett , Obando Apraez Carol Viviana 
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se hace un análisis del origen del Trabajo Social desde la perspectiva de género, haciendo énfasis en los aportes de Octavia Hill como pionera del Trabajo Social, a partir de su intervención social ante la pobreza y la carencia de vivienda y espacios dignos para las personas más vulnerables de Londres a mediados del siglo xix. Además, se destacan sus concepciones teóricas y las principales corrientes epistemológicas, tradicionales y emergentes que guiaron su quehacer profesional y al Trabajo Social, en general.
Genetic authentication of Eclipta prostrate (Asteraceae) from Penthorum chinense (Penthoraceae) by Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers
Authors: Mei Zhiqiang , Khan Md Asaduzzaman , Fu Junjiang 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: For the rapid and accurate genetic identification and authentication of living organisms, improved random ampliﬁed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragment based development of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers is an important genetic technique. Objective: This study aimed to develop SCAR markers for perennial herb Eclipta prostrate (E. prostrate). Methods: Here the RAPD fragments by improved RAPD amplification with primers A11 and N-7 for E. prostrate were cloned into pGEX-T vector, and PCR amplification identified the positive clones. After the enzymatic digestion, they were sequenced with Sanger sequencing. Results: Two SCAR markers were developed, which were very specific to E. prostrate, not found in Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). The nucleotide sequence search by BLAST GenBank database showed that they are novel in E. prostrate, therefore they were deposited in Genbank with accession number KX671034, KX671035. The markers did not show any identity to other species. Conclusions: Thus, in this study two specific SCAR markers were developed for genetically distinguishing and identifying the plant species E. prostrate from herb P. chinense and others.
Diversidad florística del bosque seco tropical en las subregiones bajo y medio Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Vega Rosalba , Saab Heidy Paola 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: El bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados, en Colombia, presenta la mayor extensión en la región Caribe, está sometido a continua transformación, que ha ocasionado la disminución de su cobertura. Objetivo: Caracterizar la diversidad florística en términos de composición y estructura en seis fragmentos de Bs-T en las subregiones bajo y medio Sinú del Departamento de Córdoba. Métodología: Se siguió la metodología de Parcelas de Muestreo Rápido de Vegetación - RAP modificada. Se determinó la riqueza y abundancia, el Índice de valor de Importancia por especie y por familia, se construyeron clases diamétricas y altimétricas y se calculó el Índice de Diversidad α de Fisher e Índice de Similaridad de Sørensen. Resultados: Se registraron 1 336 individuos, agrupados en 68 familias, 161 géneros y 273 especies en el medio Sinú y 2 178 individuos (226 especies/151 géneros/59 familias) en el bajo Sinú. Las familias más importantes por riqueza de especies fueron: Fabaceae, Rubiaceae y Bignoniaceae, los mayores valores de abundancia se presentaron en Fabaceae, Capparaceae y en las especies: Astronium graveolens Jacq. y Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.) Cornejo & Iltis. La distribución por clases diamétricas y altimétricas presentó un comportamiento de J invertida. Los arbustos representaron el hábito de crecimiento dominante. Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L.f.) Wess.Boer, Cavanillesia platanifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) y Sterculia apetala Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H.Karst. registraron los mayores valores de importancia. Conclusiones: Los bosques estudiados presentaron la composición florística que caracteriza el Bs-T en Colombia. La información obtenida contribuye a la gestión integral del bosque seco en Córdoba.
Effect of laboratory aging on chemistry and rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Liu Xueyan , Apostolidis Panos , van de Ven Martin , Erkens Sandra , Skarpas Athanasios 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging resistance of bitumen. This study aims to investigate the effects of laboratory short-term and long-term aging on the chemistry and rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). Neat bitumen and CRMB with four different CRM contents were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer were employed to measure the change in the chemical composition and rheological properties of binders at different aging states. Bitumen hardening, which was rheologically revealed by the frequency sweep and multiple creep recovery test results, was also reflected in the growth of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups. In addition, the aliphaticity and aromaticity indices of binders before and after aging were also investigated. CRMB binders showed improved aging resistance compared to neat bitumen as reflected by the decreased carbonyl and sulfoxide indices as well as the lower change in rheological parameters. Higher resistance against aging was achieved when increasing the CRM content. The results also highlight the correlation between chemistry and rheology of bitumen. Among six selected mechanical parameters of binder, the non-recoverable creep compliance and percent recovery show better correlations with the combined chemical aging index (sum of carbonyl and sulfoxide indices) than the parameters derived from the linear viscoelastic region.
The Impact of Anlotinib on Brain Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase III Randomized Control Trial (ALTER0303)
Authors: Jiang Shunjun , Liang Hengrui , Liu Zhichao , Zhao Shen , Liu Jun , Xie Zhanhong , Wang Wei , Zhang Yalei , Han Baohui , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Anlotinib has been shown to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein we sought to analyze the effect of anlotinib in managing brain metastases (BM) and its brain-associated toxicities.

Methods
The PFS and OS of anlotinib versus placebo in those with and without BM recorded at baseline were calculated and compared respectively. Time to brain progression (TTBP), a direct indicator of intracranial control, was also compared between anlotinib and placebo. All calculations were adjusted for confounding factors, including stage, histology, driver mutation type, and therapy history.

Results
A total of 437 patients were included; 97 cases were recorded with BM at baseline. For patients with BM at baseline, anlotinib was associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.56) and OS (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.42–1.12), presenting similar extent of improvement in those without BM (PFS: HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24–0.45; OS: HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91). Specifically, the intracranial objective response rate was 14.3% and the disease control rate was 85.7% in patients with BM who were treated with anlotinib. Anlotinib was associated with longer TTBP (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.41; p = .001) despite all confounders. Additionally, anlotinib was associated with more neural toxicities (18.4% vs. 8.4%) and psychological symptoms (49.3% vs. 35.7%) but not with infarction or cerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusion
Anlotinib can benefit patients with advanced NSCLC with BM and is highly potent in the management of intracranial lesions. Its special effect on BM and cerebral tissue merits further investigation. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02388919).
Orígenes y evolución de la subversión y la contrainteligencia en el Perú, 1958-2015
Authors: Gómez de la Torre Rotta Andrés , Medrano Carmona Arturo 
Published: February 2020

El accionar de la subversión en el Perú y el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas para combatirla, con base en la escuela francesa antisubversiva, se desarrollaron en un contexto de ausencia del Estado en las zonas más empobrecidas, donde cada bando se disputaba ganarse a la población. El objetivo de este artículo es adentrarse en los orígenes, la formación y la influencia militar francesa de la contrainteligencia peruana, para comprender su accionar en ese contexto. A través de una investigación cualitativa, con base en un enfoque histórico, se busca comprender el accionar de la contrainteligencia peruana y establecer los orígenes y la evolución de la subversión en el país –dirigida a ganarse a la población para fomentar el terrorismo– al igual que cómo se plasmó esto en la doctrina primigenia de contrainteligencia. Parte fundamental de la investigación son los datos sobre contrainteligencia contenidos en el Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. Las conclusiones plantean la relación entre los orígenes subversivos, la doctrina y las excusas del terrorismo, de Walzer, por lo cual este estudio constituye un asidero importante para próximas investigaciones.

Abstract
The actions of subversion in Peru and the role of the Armed Forces to combat them based on the French anti-subversive school developed in a context of absence from the State in the most impoverished areas, where each side disputed to win over the population. The objective of this article is to delve into the origins, training and French military influence of the Peruvian counterintelligence and understand its actions in that context. Through a qualitative research, based on a historical approach, we seek to understand the actions of the Peruvian counterintelligence and establish the origins and evolution of subversion in the country -directed at gaining the population to promote terrorism- as well as how this was embodied in the original counterintelligence doctrine. A fundamental part of this investigation is the data regarding counterintelligence contained in the Final Report of the Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. The conclusions point out the relationship between the subversive origins, the doctrine and the excuses of terrorism, by Walzer. The study is an important support for further investigations.