bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Mapping of the QTL cqSPDA2 for Chlorophyll Content in Brassica Napus L.
Authors: Ye Jingxiu , Liu Haidong , Zhao Zhi , Xu Liang , Li Kaixiang , Du Dezhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Chlorophyll is the most important factor enabling plants to absorb, transfer and transform light energy and plays an important role in yield formation. Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops. Qinghai Province is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Solar radiation and its intensity are higher, and the light duration is longer. Under this light condition, conducting high light efficiency breeding of Brassica napus from the perspective of improving photosynthetic efficiency has considerable social and economic value. At present, the fine mapping of chlorophyll quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in many crops has been studied, especially in rice. In Brassica napus, there have been studies on the initial location of chlorophyll in seed embryos and pericarps, but there are few reports on the fine mapping of chlorophyll QTLs. We built near-isogenic lines, fine mapped the chlorophyll locus, and evaluated the effect of the dominant locus on agronomic traits.Results: The cqSPDA2 locus was mapped in an interval of 21.87-22.91 Mb on the A02 chromosome of Brassica napus using doubled haploid (DH) lines. To fine map cqSPDA2, we built near-isogenic lines and designed Indel primers covering the mapping interval. The 469 individuals in the BC3F2 population were analyzed using these Indel primers. Among the Indel primers, 15 narrowed the mapping interval to 5.2 cM between Indel3 and Indel15. Next, 16 Indel primers and 19 SSR primers were designed within the new narrow mapping interval, and 7 primers were polymorphic and tightly linked to the cqSPDA2 locus in the BC4F2 population. The mapping interval was narrowed to 152 kb on A02 between SSR2 and Indel15. We found three annotated genes in the mapping interval, including BnaA02g30260D, BnaA02g30290D and BnaA02g30310D, which may be responsible for chlorophyll synthesis by gene expression analysis. Conclusions: The locus cqSPDA2, the dominant QTL for chlorophyll content in Brassica napus, was fine mapped to the 21.89-22.04 Mb interval on A02. Three annotated genes (BnaA02g30260D, BnaA02g30290D and BnaA02g30310D) which may be responsible for chlorophyll synthesis were found.
Non-Target Screening For Detecting The Occurrence of Plant Metabolites in River Waters
Authors: Nanusha Mulatu Yohannes , Krauss Martin , Brack Werner 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Surface waters may contain a large number of chemicals detectable as signals in liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) including a large fraction of unknown chemicals often with high peak intensity. In addition to synthetic chemicals these signals may represent also natural compounds released from plants, animals and microorganisms, which may contribute to the cumulative toxic risk. Thus, attempts were made to identify natural compounds in significant concentrations in surface waters by identifying overlapping LC-HRMS peaks between extracts of plants abundant in the catchment and river waters using a non-target screening (NTS) work flow. Results: The result revealed the presence of several thousands of overlapping peaks between water – plant pairs, of which 12 SPMs were identified to occur in river waters from different compound classes with flavonoids as a dominant group. The concentrations of the identified compounds ranged from 0.02 to 5 µg/L with apiin, hyperoside and guanosine with highest concentrations. Most of the identified compounds exceeded the threshold for toxicological concern (TTC) (0.1 µg/L) for non-genotoxic and non-endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water often by more than one order of magnitude. Conclusion: Our results revealed the contribution of chemicals eluted from the vegetation in the catchment to chemical load in surface waters and help to reduce the number of unknowns among NTS high-intensity peaks detected in rivers. Since SPMs are often produced for defence against other organisms and since concentrations ranges are clearly above TTC a contribution to toxic risks on aquatic organisms and impacts on drinking water safety cannot be excluded. This demands for including these compounds into monitoring and assessment of water quality.
Infection With Trypanosoma Lewisi or Trypanosoma Musculi May Promote The Spread of Toxoplasma Gondii
Authors: Gao Jiang-Mei , Yi Si-Qi , Geng Guo-Qing , Xu Zhi-Shen , Hide Geoff , Lun Zhao-Rong , Lai De-Hua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates with pathogensis being largely influenced by the host immune status. As important epidemiological hosts, rodents are globally distributed and are also commonly found infected with haemoflagellates, such as those in the genus Trypanosoma. We here address whether and how co-infection with trypanosomes can influence T. gondii infection in laboratory models. Results: Rats of five strains, co-infected with T. lewisi, and mice of four strains, co-infected with T. musculi, were found to be more or less susceptible to T. gondii infection, respectively, with corresponding increased or decreased brain cyst burdens. Down-regulation of iNOS expression and decreased NO production or reverse were observed in the peritoneal macrophages of rats or mice, infected with trypanosomes, respectively.Conclusions: Trypanosoma lewisi and T. musculi can modulate host immune responses, either by enhancement or suppression, and influence the outcome of Toxoplasma infection.
Using pollen DNA metabarcoding to profile nectar sources of urban beekeeping in Kōtō-ku, Tokyo
Authors: Tanaka Keiske , Nozaki Akinobu , Nakadai Hazuki , Shiwa Yuh , Shimizu-Kadota Mariko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: Apis mellifera is a honeybee that has been introduced around the world as an industrial beekeeping species. Recently, urban beekeeping has attracted attention as a means of ecosystem protection and urban greening. This study aimed to investigate nectar sources of an urban beekeeping in Kōtō-ku, Tokyo using pollen DNA metabarcoding.Results: We extracted DNA from pollen collected by the honeybees of a local urban beekeeping. DNA metabarcoding analysis was carried out by sequencing a part of the rbcL region of the chloroplast genome. A total of 31 samples collected between mid-March, 2018 and mid-October, 2018 yielded 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) comprising 14 families, 32 genera, and 8 species. Whereas 5 OTUs were profiled throughout all seasons, 38 OTUs were season-specific (spring, summer, or autumn). Therefore, we were able to infer seasonal nectar sources for the beekeeping at the family or genus level, and at the species level to a lesser extent. Our pollen-sampling strategy was effective for profiling season-specific nectar sources, with the exception of a few anomalies that can be accounted for by out–of-season flowering by artificial gardening and/or pollen accumulation over multiple seasons.
R.E.S.P.e.c.T and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study using DHS data in Kenya
Authors: Ward Caleb L , Harlow Siobán D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Thirty percent of all women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the World Health Organization’s (WHO) novel R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework for intervention and IPV prevalence among women in Kenya. Methods We used the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Only women selected for the domestic violence module and who were married/living with their partner were eligible for this study (n=3,737). We created a summary score for each strategy denoted by R.E.S.P.T based on availability of questions addressing these strategies in the KDHS, and a total score that summed responses across all strategies. Each letter was assessed with Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between R.E.S.P.T scores and IPV.Results All strategies except for E lowered the odds of IPV. Decision-making (R) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.62 [0.53-0.72]). Land and property ownership (E) were positively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 1.25 [1.08-1.43]). Access to health care (S) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.55 [0.48-0.63]). Higher levels of wealth (P) were negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.47 [0.37-0.62]). Not justifying wife-beating in any scenario (T) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.39 [0.29-0.53]). After adjusting for demographics, a 1-unit increase in total R.E.S.P.T score was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (AOR= 0.63 [0.57-0.70]) with a similar finding for IPV in the past 12 months (AOR = 0.59 [0.53-0.66]). Younger age, higher education, and Muslim religion were associated with decreased odds of experiencing IPV while living in a rural location and working were associated with increased odds of experiencing IPV.Conclusions Our study provides initial evidence that by implementing the multi-strategy R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework, countries can dramatically lower the odds of women experiencing IPV. The DHS can be used as a tool to monitor implementation and efficacy of this novel strategy.
Conditions Associated with Worse Acceptance of a Simplified Accelerated Recovery after Surgery Protocol in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Queiroz Fabio Lopes , Lacerda-Filho Antonio , Cherem Adriana Alves , Oliveira Fabio Henrique , Neto Paulo Rocha França , Paiva Rodrigo Almeida 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Accelerated Recovery after Surgery Programs were initially applied to colorectal surgery and used a multimodal care approach to relieve the response to surgical stress. An important factor that negatively impacts the success of these programs is the non-tolerance of patients to certain items in the adopted protocol, especially with regard to post-operative measures. The identification of these factors may help to increase the success rate of such programs, ensuring that benefits reach a greater number of patients and that resources are better allocated. Thus, the aims of this study were to assess the results of the implementation of a Simplified Accelerated Recovery Protocol (SARP) and to identify possible factors associated with failure to implement postoperative protocol measures in patients submitted to laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods: 161 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The SARP group (n = 84) was submitted to the accelerated recovery program and the CC group (n = 77), to conventional postoperative care. The SARP group was further divided into two subgroups: patients who tolerated the protocol (n=51) and those who did not (n=33), in order to analyze factors contributing to protocol nontolerance.Results: The groups had similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The SARP group had a shorter hospital stay, better elimination of flatus, was able to walk and to tolerate a diet sooner (p < 0.0001). The rates of complications and of returns to the emergency room were similar between groups. In the multivariate analysis of the subgroups, we found that prolonged surgical time, stoma creation, and the development of complications were variables that placed program acceptance at risk (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: The accelerated postoperative recovery program that was adopted, although simplified, was able to improve recovery from laparoscopic colorectal surgery and proved to be safe for patients. Extensive surgeries, occurrence of complications, and the need for ostomy were variables associated with program non-acceptance. Trial registration: Trial Registry: RBR2b4fyr - Date of registration: 03 October 2017.
Cellular And Humoral Peritoneal Immunity To Mesocestoides Vogae Metacestodes Infection In Mice.
Authors: Kubašková Terézia Mačák , Mudroňová Dagmar , Vargová Miroslava , Reiterová Katarína , Hrčková Gabriele 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Here, Mesocestoides (M.) vogae infection in mice is proposed as a suitable experimental model for studying the immunity in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Methods: To investigate the kinetics of immune parameters in M. vogae-infected mice, we detected, using flow cytometry, the expression of selected lymphoid and myeloid markers within the peritoneal cell population at day 0, 3, 6, 10, 14, 19, 25, 30 and 35 post-infection. Then, using ELISA, we analyzed the cytokine IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10 responses and the levels of anti-M. vogae IgG and IgM antibodies in the peritoneal lavage fluid. Cells isolated from peritoneal cavity were subjected to further molecular analysis. To assess cell activation, peritoneal cells were exposed to LPS, and culture supernatants were collected and assayed for the level of cytokines and production of nitrite. Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ cells were isolated using MACS from the peritoneal cells at day 35 post-infection. Both MACS-isolated subsets were co-cultured with preactivated T cells to measure their suppressive capacity. Next, the role of parasite excretory-secretory antigens on induction of CD11b+ myeloid cells with the suppressive phenotype and the production of IL-10 was examined.Results: In the peritoneal cavity an initial increase of CD11b+Gr-1+F4/80highMHCIIhigh cells, NK, NKT cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was observed in the first week of infection. At day 14 post-infection, an increase in the number of myeloid CD11b+Gr-1+ cells was detected, and most of this cell population expressed low levels of F4/80 and MHC II in later stages of infection, suggesting the impairment of antigen-presenting cell functions, probably through the excretory-secretory molecules. Moreover, we confirmed that peritoneal Gr1+ cells (Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ population) are phenotypically and functionally consistent with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Metacestode infection elicited high levels of IL-10 and up-regulated of STAT-3 in peritoneal cells. A higher level of IgM suggests that this isotype may be predominant and involved in host protection.Conclusions: M. vogae tetrathyridia induced the recruitment of immunosuppressive cell subsets, which may play a key role in the down-regulation of immune response in long-term parasitic diseases, and excretory-secretory antigens seem to be the main regulatory factor.
Identification of Intestinal Flora-Related Key Genes and Therapeutic Drugs in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Zhang Huaiyu , Li Faping , Song Zheyu , Li Yezhou , Zhao Tiancheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial tumor and a leading cause of cancer-specific deaths worldwide. Recent research has shown that the alteration of intestinal flora contributes to the development of CRC. However, the molecular mechanism by which intestinal flora influences the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the key genes underlying the effect of intestinal flora on CRC and therapeutic drugs for CRC. 518 genes associated with intestinal flora were determined by text mining. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified 48 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with intestinal flora, including 25 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs. The enrichment analyses indicated that the selected genes were mainly involved in cell-cell signaling, immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed with 13 nodes and 35 edges. Moreover, 8 genes in the significant cluster were considered as the key genes and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) correlated positively with the overall survival of CRC patients. Finally, a total of 24 drugs were predicted as possible drugs for CRC treatment using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. These findings of this study may provide new insights into CRC pathogenesis and treatments. The prediction of drug-gene interaction is of great practical significance for exploring new drugs or novel targets for existing drugs.
Prognostic Value of Multiparametric MRI-Based Radiomics model: Potential Role for Chemotherapeutic Benefits in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Cui Yanfen , Yang Wenhui , Ren Jialiang , Li Dandan , Du Xiaosong , Zhang Junjie , Yang Xiaotang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Distant metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is usually used for distant control. However, only certain subgroups of patients could benefit from AC. Our aim was to develop a radiomics model for the prediction of survival and chemotherapeutic benefits using pretreatment multiparameter MR images and clinicopathological features in patients with LARC. Methods: 186 consecutive patients with LARC underwent feature extraction from the whole tumor on T2-weighted (T2w), contrast enhanced T1-weighted (cT1w), and ADC images. Feature selection was based on feature stability and the Boruta algorithm. Radiomics signatures for predicting DFS (disease-free survival) were then generated using the selected features. Combining clinical risk factors, a radiomics nomogram was constructed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. The predictive performance was evaluated by Harrell's concordance indices (C-index) and time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Four features were selected to construct the radiomics signature, which was significantly associated with DFS (P < 0.001). The radiomics nomogram, incorporating radiomics signature and two clinicopathological variables (pN and tumor differentiation), exhibited better prediction performance for DFS than the clinicopathological model, with C-index of 0.780 (95%CI, 0.718-0.843) and 0.803 (95%CI, 0.717-0.889) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The radiomics nomogram-defined high-risk group had a shorter DFS, DMFS, and OS than those in the low-risk group (all P <0.05). Further analysis showed that patients with higher nomogram-defined score exhibited a favorable response to AC while the low-risk could not. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the newly developed pretreatment multiparameter MRI-based radiomics model could serve as a powerful predictor of prognosis, and may act as a potential indicator for guiding AC in patients with LARC.
Exogenous adiponectin with full Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (pioglitazone) abrogates streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and vascular abnormalities in Spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: Afzal Sheryar , Sattar Munavvar Abdul , Johns Edward James , Eseyin Olorunfemi. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Oxidative stress, associates with metabolic and anthropometric perturbations, leads to reactive oxygen species production and decrease in plasma adiponectin concentration. We investigated pharmacodynamically the pathophysiological role and potential implication of exogenously administered adiponectin with full and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists on modulation of oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation and antioxidant potential in streptozotocin induced Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods Group I (WKY) serve as normotensive control, whereas 42 male SHRs were randomized equally into 7 groups (n = 6), group II: SHR control, groups III: SHR diabetic control, group IV, V and VI treated with irbesartan (30 mg/kg), pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) and adiponectin (2.5 µg/kg), whereas, groups VII and VIII received co-treatments as irbesartan + adiponectin), (pioglitazone + adiponectin) respectively. Diabetes was induced using an intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Plasma adiponectin, lipid contents, arterial stiffness with oxidative stress bio-markers were measured using an in-vitro and in-vivo analysis.Results Diabetic SHRs exhibited hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased arterial stiffness with reduced plasma adiponectin and antioxidant enzymatic levels (P < 0.05). Diabetic SHRs pre-treated with pioglitazone and adiponectin separately exerted improvements in antioxidant enzyme activities, abrogated arterial stiffness, offset the increased production of reactive oxygen species and dyslipidaemic effects of STZ, except for blood pressure values which were more pronounced with irbesartan treated groups (all P < 0.05).Conclusions The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-γ agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration, restores arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-γ agonists (pioglitazone).
Application of the PET Ligand 11C-ORM-13070 to Examine Receptor Occupancy by the Selective α2C-Adrenoceptor Antagonist ORM-12741: Translational Validation of Target Engagement in Rat and Human Brain
Authors: Shahid Mohammed , Rinne Juha O. , Scheinin Mika , Virta Jere , Marjamäki Päivi , Solin Olof , Arponen Eveliina , Sallinen Jukka , Kuokkanen Katja , Rouru Juha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Availability of the α2C -adrenoceptor (α2C-AR) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, 11C -ORM-13070, and the selective α2C-AR antagonist ORM-12741 allows probing of the roles of this G-protein coupled receptor subtype in brain function, both in healthy humans and in patients with various brain disorders. This translational study employed 11C-ORM-13070 PET to determine α2C-AR occupancy by ORM-12741 in rat and human brain.
Results
ORM-12741 has high affinity (Ki: 0.08 nM) and potent antagonist activity (Kb: 0.04 nM) as well as selectivity (Ki estimates for the human α2A-AR and α2B-AR were 8.3 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively) for the human α2C-AR subtype. 11C-ORM-13070 had highest uptake in the basal ganglia of rat and human brain. Pretreatment with ORM-12741 inhibited 11C-ORM-13070 binding in rat striatum in a time- and dose-dependent manner at 10 and 50 µg/kg (s.c.) with an EC50 estimate of 1.42 ng/mL in rat plasma, corresponding to protein-free drug concentration of 0.23 nM. In the living human brain, time- and dose-related α2C-AR occupancy was detected with EC50 estimates of 24 ng/mL and 31 ng/mL for the caudate nucleus and putamen, respectively, corresponding to protein-free concentrations in plasma of 0.07 nM and 0.1 nM. Modelling-based maximum α2C-AR occupancy estimates were 63% and 52% in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, respectively.
Conclusions
ORM-12741 is a selective α2C-AR antagonist which penetrates the rat and human brain to occupy α2C-ARs in a manner consistent with its receptor pharmacology.
Trial registration number and date of registration:
ClinicalTrial.cov NCT00829907. Registered 11 December 2008. https://clinicaltrials.gov/.