bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network analysis of the progranulin-deficient mouse brain proteome reveals pathogenic mechanisms shared in human frontotemporal dementia caused by GRN mutations
Authors: Huang Meixiang , Modeste Erica , Dammer Eric , Merino Paola , Taylor Georgia , Duong Duc M. , Deng Qiudong , Holler Christopher J. , Gearing Marla , Dickson Dennis , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Kukar Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in the granulin gene (GRN) encoding progranulin (PGRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous GRN mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-11 (CLN11), a lysosome storage disease. PGRN is a secreted glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved into seven bioactive 6 kDa granulins. However, it is unclear how deficiency of PGRN and granulins causes neurodegeneration. To gain insight into the mechanisms of FTD pathogenesis, we utilized Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labeling mass spectrometry to perform an unbiased quantitative proteomic analysis of whole-brain tissue from wild type (Grn+/+) and Grn knockout (Grn−/−) mice at 3- and 19-months of age. At 3-months lysosomal proteins (i.e. Gns, Scarb2, Hexb) are selectively increased indicating lysosomal dysfunction is an early consequence of PGRN deficiency. Additionally, proteins involved in lipid metabolism (Acly, Apoc3, Asah1, Gpld1, Ppt1, and Naaa) are decreased; suggesting lysosomal degradation of lipids may be impaired in the Grn−/− brain. Systems biology using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of the Grn−/− brain proteome identified 26 modules of highly co-expressed proteins. Three modules strongly correlated to Grn deficiency and were enriched with lysosomal proteins (Gpnmb, CtsD, CtsZ, and Tpp1) and inflammatory proteins (Lgals3, GFAP, CD44, S100a, and C1qa). We find that lysosomal dysregulation is exacerbated with age in the Grn−/− mouse brain leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased markers of oligodendrocytes, myelin, and neurons. In particular, GPNMB and LGALS3 (galectin-3) were upregulated by microglia and elevated in FTD-GRN brain samples, indicating common pathogenic pathways are dysregulated in human FTD cases and Grn−/− mice. GPNMB levels were significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of FTD-GRN patients, but not in MAPT or C9orf72 carriers, suggesting GPNMB could be a biomarker specific to FTD-GRN to monitor disease onset, progression, and drug response. Our findings support the idea that insufficiency of PGRN and granulins in humans causes neurodegeneration through lysosomal dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and neuroinflammation, which could be targeted to develop effective therapies.
A rapid assessment of the National Regulatory Systems for medical products in the Southern African Development Community
Authors: Dube-Mwedzi S. , Kniazkov S. , Nikiema J. B. , Kasilo O. M. J. , Fortin A. , Tumusiime P. , Mahlangu G. N. , Ndomondo-Sigonda M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Access to quality-assured, safe and efficacious medical products is fundamental for Universal Health Coverage and attaining Sustainable Development Goal 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Well-being for All. To guarantee this right, there is a need for robust and efficiently performing national regulatory systems for the regulation of medical products. Well-functioning regulatory systems apply globally accepted standards which ensure that the level of control is proportionate to the level of public health risk.

Objective of the study
The study aimed at analysing the regulatory systems for medical products in the 16 Member States of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It provides an overview of the national regulatory systems for medical products in the region in 2017 and outlines the institutional frameworks, which enable the implementation of regulatory functions.

Methodology
A survey was conducted in March-December 2017 in English, French and Portuguese. National Regulatory Authorities for medical products (NMRAs) of the 16 Member States within SADC responded to the questions asked and sent in their answers. The survey was constructed around five themes instrumental for implementation of the Universal Health Coverage actions framework. Three of the themes are discussed in this article.

Results
The outcome of the survey demonstrates that within SADC, NMRAs vary in terms of organisational set-up and modalities of medical product regulation. The majority are within the Ministries of Health, and a few are either semi-autonomous or autonomous. Legal frameworks for medical products are in place for some of the SADC NMRAs, although they vary in the scope of products subject to regulation. Traditional medicines, biologicals and medical devices are regulated, however not uniformly across the region.

Conclusion
Despite major progress over the years, the survey demonstrates variable levels of governance and regulatory framework among NMRAs in SADC. The survey supports the need for shifting from the broad strengthening of the regulatory systems which exist and are underpinned by the mandates, to more product-type focused approaches. This shift will ensure that medical products are quality-assured, safe and effective for a performant Health Systems attainment of the Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals.
Identifying dispensing errors in pharmacies in a medical science school in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Maharaj Sandeep , Brahim Adrian , Brown Horry , Budraj Danielle , Caesar Vatalie , Calder Anyse , Carr Deisha , Castillo Dion , Cedeno Kevin , Janodia Manthan D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
A dispensing error can be defined as an inconsistency between the drug prescribed and drug dispensed to a patient. These errors can lead to ineffective and sometimes unwanted pharmaceutical outcomes. Dispensing errors can be harmful or even fatal to patients.

Case presentation
The objective to this study was (a) to determine the types and frequency of dispensing errors at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC), (b) to explore the reasons for the occurrence of dispensing errors, and (c) to make suitable recommendations for their prevention. An observational study for a period of 2 weeks was carried out at various in- and outpatient departments of the EWMSC. The observations were carried out during 7:00 am to 3:00 pm. Dispensing errors identified during this period were recorded and analyzed.

Results
Sixty-eight errors were identified in the adult outpatient pharmacy of the EWMSC; 19 errors in the pediatric outpatient pharmacy, whereas 22 errors were found in inpatient pharmacy. The most common plausible causes for the dispensing errors include high workload, failure to verify patient information, incorrect data in the pharmacy’s record system, inadequate notes made by pharmacists during prior patient visit, and in a few cases, uncomfortable working conditions.

Conclusion
Dispensing errors were encountered in 2.1% of all the prescriptions filled at the EWMSC pharmacies. The factors which influenced these dispensing errors include but are not limited to a heavy workload, distractions, failure to verify patient information, and uncomfortable working conditions.
Development of a global sediment dynamics model
Authors: Hatono Misako , Yoshimura Kei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSediment dynamics play an important role in various aspects of earth system modeling. In this study, we developed a global sediment dynamics model that considers suspended sediment and bedload at short timescales. We validated suspended sediment from four observation stations in the Amazon River basin and over 60 observation stations from around the world based on a variable criteria such as availability of data samples. Our model was able to effectively reproduce seasonality and spatial distribution of suspended sediment flow. However, our global estimate of approximately 4 Bt/a was significantly lower than previous estimates; therefore, we discuss potential causes of this discrepancy, including target time period and discrepancies with previous extrapolated methods. Our newly developed sediment dynamics model could provide a better understanding of global sediment transfer and contributes to various related research fields such as coastal modeling and natural disasters.
Comparison of peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone status of dental implants placed in prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alshahrani Abdullah , Al Deeb Modhi , Alresayes Saad , Mokeem Sameer A. , Al-Hamoudi Nawwaf , Alghamdi Osama , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinicoradiographic status of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is scarce. The aim was to address the clinicoradiographic status of NDIs placed prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals. In this retrospective cohort study, patients having undergone oral rehabilitation with NDI were included. The participants were divided into the following: (a) patients with prediabetes; (b) patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM; (c) patients with well-controlled type 2 DM; and (d) normoglycemic individuals. Demographic data was collected. In all groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and mesiodistal CBL were measured in all groups. Information related to implant dimensions, surface characteristics, insertion torque, implant geometry, duration of NDI in function, and jaw location of NDI was also recorded. Data normality was assessed and group comparisons were performed. A probability value under 0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Eighty-three patients (20 patients had prediabetes, 22 with poorly controlled type 2 DM, 20 with well-controlled type 2 DM, and 20 self-reported non-diabetic individuals) were included. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with pre-diabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with prediabetes.

Conclusion
Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of peri-implant diseases around NDIs.
Right hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection for right-sided transverse colon cancer using the Senhance robotic system: a case report
Authors: Kataoka Atsuko , Hirano Yasumitsu , Kondo Hiroka , Shimamura Satoshi , Kataoka Masahiro , Asari Masahiro , Fujii Takatsugu , Ishikawa Shintaro , Ishii Toshimasa , Yamaguchi Shigeki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evolution of remote systems and artificial intelligence technology has led to increase in robotic surgeries. One system used in this case report is the Senhance robotic system. The most important premise for using robotic surgery in cancer therapeutics is to ensure oncological safety. Similar to conventional laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery needs to be a reliable and secure surgical procedure, such as complete mesocolic excisions with central vascular ligations in Western countries or D3 lymph node dissections (dissection of the lymph nodes that locates from the origin to the terminal branch of the main feeding artery of cancer) in Japan.Case presentationA 76-year-old man underwent clinical examination for severe anemia. He was diagnosed with transverse colon cancer of tumor (T)3, node (N)1a, metastasis (M)0 cancer stage IIIA. A right hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection using the Senhance surgical system was performed. The operative time was 313 min and the estimated blood loss was 5 ml. He was discharged from our hospital 12 days after the surgery without any complications. What is the remarkable of this report, not only mobilization of right colon but also D3 lymph node dissection and vascular ligation were performed intraperitoneally by using Senhance robotic system as conventional laparoscopic surgery. We tried using fourth robotic arm to accomplish lymphadenectomies and middle colic artery dissection. A right hemicolectomy with D3 dissection using the Da Vinci surgical system was reported. Another report of a right hemicolectomy performed with the Senhance robotic system was identified; however, in that study, lymph node dissections were not performed intraperitoneally.ConclusionsTherefore, to our knowledge, this is the first report using the Senhance robotic system for right hemicolectomy with D3 dissection. We hope that our case report will assist in the establishment of this robotic procedure in surgical practice.
Impact of stunting on early childhood cognitive development in Benin: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael , Barrow Amadou , Ekholuenetale Charity Ehimwenma , Tudeme Godson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProper nutrition is crucial for enhancing brain function and improving learning. Over time, large evidence has existed to show that childhood undernutrition, marked by stunting, is connected with age-long reduction in cognitive and academic achievement. It is of interest to achieve healthy growth and optimal cognitive development in early childhood. The objective of this study was to examine stunting considered to adversely influence cognitive development among children and therefore of public health importance.ResultsAbout two thirds (64.3%) of under-five children attained optimal cognition. Stunted children had 7% reduction in optimal cognitive development, compared with not stunted children (RR = 0.93; 95%CI 0.83, 0.98). Among the covariates, geographical region was significantly associated with optimal cognitive development. In addition, children of Islamic, traditional/other religion, and no religion had significant reduction in optimal cognitive development, compared with children of Christianity belief. Children from mothers who had secondary and tertiary education, listened to radio, and watched television had an increase in optimal cognitive development, compared with children from uneducated mothers. Furthermore, children from mothers who are employed had an 8% increase in optimal cognitive development (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.14).ConclusionDue to the adverse impact of stunting on optimal cognitive development, we suggest that government and stakeholders in child welfare should ensure that development programmes combine health and nutrition services with early learning and rely on families as partners to have children’s cognitive development effectively. Early childhood cognitive development programmes should be implemented through families and caregivers, with special focus on disadvantaged children as a poverty reduction strategy, and ensure that all children are adequately nourished.
Building large-scale density model via a deep-learning-based data-driven method
Authors: Gao Zhaoqi , Li Chuang , Zhang Bing , Jiang Xiudi , Pan Zhibin , Gao Jinghuai , Xu Zongben 
Published: October 2020

As a rock-physics parameter, density plays a crucial role in lithology interpretation, reservoir evaluation, and description. However, density can hardly be directly inverted from seismic data, especially for large-scale structures; thus, additional information is needed to build such a large-scale model. Usually, well-log data can be used to build a large-scale density model through extrapolation; however, this approach can only work well for simple cases and it loses effectiveness when the medium is laterally heterogeneous. We have adopted a deep-learning-based method to build a large-scale density model based on seismic and well-log data. The long short-term memory network is used to learn the relation between seismic data and large-scale density. Except for the data pairs directly obtained from well logs, many velocity and density models randomly generated based on the statistical distributions of well logs are also used to generate several pairs of seismic data and the corresponding large-scale density. This can greatly enlarge the size and diversity of the training data set and consequently leads to a significant improvement of the proposed method in dealing with a heterogeneous medium even though only a few well logs are available. Our method is applied to synthetic and field data examples to verify its performance and compare it with the well extrapolation method, and the results clearly display that the proposed method can work well even though only a few well logs are available. Especially in the field data example, the built large-scale density model of the proposed method is improved by 11.9666 dB and 0.6740, respectively, in peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity compared with that of the well extrapolation method.
Multiparameter full-waveform inversion of 3D ocean-bottom cable data from the Valhall field
Authors: Kamath Nishant , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic , Pladys Arnaud , Yang Pengliang 
Published: October 2020

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) applications on 3D ocean-bottom cable (OBC) data from the Valhall oil field in the North Sea have demonstrated the importance of appropriately accounting for attenuation. The Valhall field contains unconsolidated shallow sediments and a low-velocity anomaly in its center — indicative of gas clouds — which have a significant attenuation imprint on the data. Our challenge is to perform time-domain viscoacoustic 3D FWI, which requires more sophisticated tools than in the frequency domain wherein attenuation can be incorporated in a straightforward manner. The benefit of using a viscoacoustic, instead of a purely acoustic, modeling engine is illustrated. We have determined that, in the frequency band used (2.5–7.0 Hz), it is better to reconstruct the velocity only keeping the attenuation fixed because simultaneous inversion of the velocity and quality factor [Formula: see text] does not provide reliable [Formula: see text] updates. We develop an efficient time-domain workflow combining a random source decimation algorithm, modeling using standard linear solid mechanisms, and wavefield preconditioning. Our results are similar to those obtained from state-of-the-art frequency-domain algorithms, at a lower computational cost compared to conventional checkpointing techniques. We clearly illustrate the improvement in terms of imaging and data fit achieved when accounting for attenuation.
Highly Ordered Organic Piezoresponsive Materials Obtained by Cross-linking Electroresponsive Columnar Liquid Crystal Compounds
Authors: Kaneda Ariyoshi , Kohri Michinari , Taniguchi Tatsuo , Kishikawa Keiki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An N,N′-diphenylurea derivative possessing six oleyloxy groups exhibited hexagonal columnar liquid crystal phases, and the columnar molecular aggregates were cross-linked with applying an electric field to produce a highly-ordered thin film which has a polarity in the thickness direction. The resulting aromatic polyurea film showed a relatively large vertical piezoelectric constant (d33 of 6.1 pm/V).
Current trends in the training of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation to counter extremism
Authors: Maydykov Anatoliy , Serdyuk Natal'ya , Filimonov Oleg , Grischenko Leonid , Vahnina Viktoriya , Demin Gennadiy , Mitin Aleksandr 
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes current trends in the training of employees of the internal affairs bodies to counter extremism, as well as some methods of recruiting young people into extremist organizations, taking into account the socio-psychological characteristics of the modern youth environment, which were studied in 2019-2020 on the basis of the Moscow Psychological and Pedagogical University and the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
At present, the solution of the tasks of countering extremism by the police is carried out through the maintenance of a patrol-guard service, networks of stationary police posts, patrol stations and the comprehensive involvement of military personnel (employees) of the Federal Service of the National Guard of Russia, as well as public organizations and formations.
The authors come to the conclusion that the effectiveness of countering extremism increases when it is possible to reveal the strategic and tactical plans of extremist groups; take proactive measures; to professionally prevent attempts to unleash mass riots that arise during rallies, marches, demonstrations, as well as during socio-political actions, interethnic and interreligious conflicts. The above directions that increase the effectiveness of countering extremism cannot be solved without thorough training of employees of the internal affairs bodies to counter modern types of extremism and their psychological adaptation to new threats.
Human Capital-Driven Acquisition: Evidence from the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine
Authors: Chen Deqiu , Gao Huasheng , Ma Yujing 
Published: October 2020

We present evidence that the desire to gain human capital is an important motive for corporate acquisitions. Our tests exploit the staggered recognition of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by U.S. state courts, which prevents employees with trade secret knowledge from working for other firms. We find a significant increase in the likelihood of being acquired for firms headquartered in states that recognize such a doctrine relative to firms headquartered in states that do not. Our result is stronger for firms with greater human capital and for firms whose employees have better ex ante employment mobility. We show that the IDD is positively associated with the retention of target firms’ key technicians, employees, and top executives after an acquisition. We also show that the IDD is positively associated with synergy creation, acquirers’ announcement returns, and acquirers’ long-run stock and operating performance. Overall, our result indicates that corporate acquisitions can be used as a means for firms to overcome labor market frictions and gain access to valuable human capital. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Changing paramedic students' perception of people who self-harm
Authors: Ramluggun Pras , Freeman-May Andrew , Barody Gabby , Groom Nicholas , Townsend Chloe 
Published: October 2020

Aim: This study aimed to identify whether paramedic students' perceptions of patients who self-harm changed following an educational intervention. Background: Self-harm is a major public health concern with an increasing number of incidents being reported in England. Paramedics are often the first contact for those who self-harm and antipathy to these patients among caregivers, including paramedics, has been reported. Negative attitudes to patients who self-harm from health professionals is a considerable barrier to their care. Education on self-harm for paramedics has been historically inadequate, even though it can potentially improve attitudes and how these practitioners engage with those who self-harm. Method: A pre- and post-survey analysis was undertaken to examine whether any identified unsympathetic perceptions of paramedic students (n=30) towards patients who self-harm would decrease following an educational intervention, using a validated questionnaire measuring attitudes to self-harm. Results: Perceptions of people who self-harm were generally moderately negative prior to the educational intervention, with a significant drop in negative attitudes after it was completed. A survey showed that this drop was also mostly sustained 10 months later. Conclusion: Educational interventions may help to reduce negative perceptions of patients who self-harm in paramedic students.