bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Current State of Snakebite Care in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia: Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives and Knowledge, and Health Facilities’ Treatment Capacity
Authors: Ooms Gaby I. , van Oirschot Janneke , Waldmann Benjamin , von Bernus Sophie , van den Ham Hendrika A. , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K. , Reed Tim 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTSnakebites continue to be a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, where availability of appropriate medical treatment is rare, even though death and disability can be prevented with timely intervention. A challenge is the lack of sociopolitical studies to inform health policies. This study aimed to identify snakebite patient profiles, healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge of snakebite, and facilities’ snakebite treatment capacity in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia to inform interventions to improve access to appropriate treatment. The research comprised a cross-sectional key informant survey among HCWs from health facilities in Kenya (n = 145), Uganda (n = 144), and Zambia (n = 108). Data were collected between March 2018 and November 2019. Most of the HCWs suggested that the number of snakebite incidents was similar between the genders, that most patients were aged 21–30 years, and most people were bitten when farming or walking. Overall, only 12% of HCWs had received formal training in snakebite management. Only about 20% of HCWs in each country said their health facility had the medicines needed to treat snakebites, with antivenom available in 0–34% of facilities across the sectors and countries, and snakebites were not systematically recorded. This research shows that an integrative approach through policies to increase resource allocation for health system strengthening, including community education, HCW training, and improved access to snakebite treatment, is needed. Part of this approach should include regulations that ensure antivenoms available in health facilities meet quality control standards and that snakebites are accommodated into routine reporting systems to assess progress.
Providing Ancillary Care in Clinical Research: A Case of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma during a Malaria Vaccine Trial in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Manock Stephen R. , Mtoro Ali , Urbano Nsue Ndong Vicente , Olotu Ally , Chemba Mwajuma , Sama Roca Antonio E. , Eburi Esther , García Guillermo A. , Cortes Falla Carlos , Niemczura de Carvalho Julie , Contreras Jaime , Saturno Baltasar , Riocalo Juan de Dios , Nze Mba José Luis , Koka Rima , Lee Seung Tae , Menon Hari , Church L. W. Preston , Ayekaba Mitoha Ondo’o , Billingsley Peter F. , Abdulla Salim , Richie Thomas L. , Hoffman Stephen L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTProviding medical care for participants in clinical trials in resource-limited settings can be challenging and costly. Evaluation and treatment of a young man who developed cervical lymphadenopathy during a malaria vaccine trial in Equatorial Guinea required concerted efforts of a multinational, multidisciplinary team. Once a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was made, the patient was taken to India to receive immunochemotherapy. This case demonstrates how high-quality medical care was provided for a serious illness that occurred during a trial that was conducted in a setting in which positron emission tomography for diagnostic staging, an oncologist for supervision of treatment, and an optimal therapeutic intervention were not available. Clinical researchers should anticipate the occurrence of medical conditions among study subjects, clearly delineate the extent to which health care will be provided, and set aside funds commensurate with those commitments.
PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN A PATIENT WITH IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA: CHALLENGES WE FACE
Authors: Ali Nauman , Iqbal Mudasser 
Published: November 2020

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common hematologic disease of variable clinical severity. Low platelet counts is the clinical hallmark of disease. We report a case of young male patient with ITP who presented twice with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and reinfarction. He underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on both occasions. We highlighted the management difficulties of interventional procedure like to decide whether do only balloon angioplasty, implant bare metal stent (BMS) or drug eluting stent (DES), duration of dual antiplatelet agent (DAPT) and final outcome of our patient.
Variations of low temperature fumaroles as a tool for detecting changes in volcanic activity state: a brief overview
Authors: Madonia Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fumarolic fields, especially those with near-surface soil temperature <100 ∘C, are very common features of active or quiescent volcanoes, with both open or closed conduits. Their spatial extent, as well as the time variability of their temperature, are conditioned by three main factors: (1) Local hydro-meteorological conditions; (2) Vapor flow from the underlying volcanic-hydrothermal system; (3) Permeability variation induced by stress field changes and/or deposition dissolution cycles of hydrothermal alteration minerals. Once depurated from the exogenous noise, time variations of the thermal signal, in term of both short-lasting transients and medium/long term trends, reflect changes in the activity state of the related volcanic system, and/or of seismic activity, also of tectonic origin, affecting volcanoes. Theoretical models of heat transfer processes are discussed, highlighting how it is very difficult distinguish between conductive and convective mechanisms or calculating heat fluxes: as a consequence, thermal data from low temperature fumaroles should be used as qualitative proxies of volcano-tectonic phenomena acting on the monitored volcanoes. Following the description of the measuring systems and of the criteria for designing a performing network for thermal monitoring of fumaroles, some case histories from Italian volcanoes (Vulcano, Stromboli, Mt. Etna, Mt. Vesuvius) are presented, illustrating how in the last years the monitoring of low temperature fumaroles have given useful insights on the evolution of the activity state of these volcanoes.
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations
Authors: Welty Ethan , Zemp Michael , Navarro Francisco , Huss Matthias , Fürst Johannes J. , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Landmann Johannes , Machguth Horst , Naegeli Kathrin , Andreassen Liss M. , Farinotti Daniel , Li Huilin ,   GlaThiDa Contributors
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Although worldwide inventories of glacier area have been coordinated
internationally for several decades, a similar effort for glacier ice
thicknesses was only initiated in 2013. Here, we present the third
version of the Glacier Thickness Database (GlaThiDa v3), which includes
3 854 279 thickness measurements distributed over
roughly 3000 glaciers worldwide. Overall, 14 % of
global glacier area is now within 1 km of a thickness
measurement (located on the same glacier) – a significant improvement
over GlaThiDa v2, which covered only 6 % of global glacier
area and only 1100 glaciers. Improvements in measurement
coverage increase the robustness of numerical interpolations and model
extrapolations, resulting in better estimates of regional to global
glacier volumes and their potential contributions to sea-level rise. In this paper, we summarize the sources and compilation of glacier
thickness data and the spatial and temporal coverage of the resulting
database. In addition, we detail our use of open-source metadata formats
and software tools to describe the data, validate the data format and
content against this metadata description, and track changes to the data
following modern data management best practices. Archived versions of
GlaThiDa are available from the World Glacier Monitoring Service
(e.g., v3.1.0, from which this paper was generated:
https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-glathida-2020-10;
GlaThiDa Consortium, 2020), while the development version is
available on GitLab (https://gitlab.com/wgms/glathida, last access: 9 November 2020).
A photogrammetry-based approach for soil bulk density measurements with an emphasis on applications to cosmogenic nuclide analysis
Authors: Mohren Joel , Binnie Steven A. , Rink Gregor M. , Knödgen Katharina , Miranda Carlos , Tilly Nora , Dunai Tibor J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The quantification of soil bulk density (ρB) is a cumbersome and time-consuming task when traditional soil density sampling techniques are applied. However, it can be important for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) production rate scaling when deriving ages or surface process rates from buried samples, in particular when short-lived TCNs such as in situ 14C are applied. Here, we show that soil density determinations can be made using structure-from-motion multi-view
stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry-based volume reconstructions of sampling
pits. Accuracy and precision tests as found in the literature and as
conducted in this study clearly indicate that photographs taken from both a
consumer-grade digital single-lens mirrorless (DSLM) and a smartphone camera are of sufficient quality to produce accurate and precise modelling results, i.e. to regularly reproduce the “true” volume and/or density by
>95 %. This finding holds also if a freeware-based computing workflow is applied. The technique has been used to measure ρB along three small-scale (<1 km) N–S transects located in the semi-arid to arid Altos de Talinay, northern central Chile (∼30.5∘ S, ∼71.7∘ W), during a TCN sampling campaign. Here, long-term differences in microclimatic conditions between south-facing and north-facing slopes (SFSs and NFSs, respectively) explain a sharp contrast in vegetation cover, slope gradient and general soil condition patterns. These contrasts are also reflected by the soil density data, generally coinciding with lower densities on SFSs. The largest differences between NFSs and SFSs are evident in the lower portion of the respective slopes, close to the thalwegs. In general, field-state soil bulk densities were found to vary by about 0.6 g cm−3 over a few tens of metres along the same slope. As such, the dataset that was mainly generated to derive more accurate TCN-based process rates and ages can be used to characterise the present-day condition of soils in the study area, which in turn can give insight into the long-term soil formation and prevailing environmental conditions. This
implies that the method tested in this study may also being applied in other fields of research and work, such as soil science, agriculture or the construction sector.
Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yuan Xing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A flash drought is characterized by its rapid onset and arouses widespread concerns due to its devastating impacts on the environment and society without sufficient early warnings. The increasing frequency of soil moisture flash droughts in a warming climate highlights the importance of understanding its impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies investigated the vegetation dynamics during several extreme cases of flash drought, but there is no quantitative assessment on how fast the carbon fluxes respond to flash droughts based on decade-long records with different climates and vegetation conditions. Here we identify soil moisture flash drought events by considering decline rate of soil moisture and the drought persistency, and we detect the response of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes to a soil moisture flash drought during its onset and recovery stages based on observations at 29 FLUXNET stations from croplands to forests. Corresponding to the sharp decline in soil moisture and higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD), gross primary productivity (GPP) drops below its normal conditions in the first 16 d and decreases to its minimum within 24 d for more than 50 % of the 151 identified flash drought events, and savannas show highest sensitivity to flash drought. Water use efficiency increases for forests but decreases for cropland and savanna during the recovery stage of flash droughts. These
results demonstrate the rapid responses of vegetation productivity and
resistance of forest ecosystems to flash drought.
The influence of föhn winds on annual and seasonal surface melt on the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Turton Jenny V. , Kirchgaessner Amélie , Ross Andrew N. , King John C. , Kuipers Munneke Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Warm, dry föhn winds are observed over the Larsen C
Ice Shelf year-round and are thought to contribute to the continuing
weakening and collapse of ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula (AP). We
use a surface energy balance (SEB) model, driven by observations from two
locations on the Larsen C Ice Shelf and one on the remnants of Larsen B, in
combination with output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction
System (AMPS), to investigate the year-round impact of föhn winds on the
SEB and melt from 2009 to 2012. Föhn winds have an impact on the individual
components of the surface energy balance in all seasons and lead to an
increase in surface melt in spring, summer and autumn up to 100 km away from
the foot of the AP. When föhn winds occur in spring they increase
surface melt, extend the melt season and increase the number of melt days
within a year. Whilst AMPS is able to simulate the percentage of melt days
associated with föhn with high skill, it overestimates the total amount
of melting during föhn events and non-föhn events. This study
extends previous attempts to quantify the impact of föhn on the Larsen C
Ice Shelf by including a 4-year study period and a wider area of interest
and provides evidence for föhn-related melting on both the Larsen C and
Larsen B ice shelves.
The Historical Role of Translation in the New Culture Movement and Its Future Prospect
Authors: Wang Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is true that translation played an important role in the New Culture Movement (NCM). Without translation the NCM would not have taken place. Similarly, without translation Marxism would not have been introduced into China. But translation does not necessarily mean merely changing from one language into another, but rather, it is a sort of cultural interpretation and a catalyst of cultural transformation. In promoting Chinese literature and culture worldwide, we would not be able to achieve success without translation. We have drawn historical experiences and lessons from the successes and failures of the NCM that in translating Chinese literary and humanities works into foreign languages, we cannot merely depend on the traditional linguistic rendition, but call for a sort of cultural interpretation that is another type of translation. In the current rapid development of high technology and artificial intelligence, some of the functions of traditional translation may well be replaced. In translating Chinese cultural and humanities works into foreign languages, however, this kind of cross-cultural interpretation will play an irreplaceable role.
Surrogate Infrastructure: The Noncommercial Circulation of Chinese Films in the Early Cold War
Authors: Chen Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent scholarship elucidates the extent to which Chinese literary and film culture during the high socialist period (1949–1976) was engaged with the world. This article builds upon the literature by examining how Chinese films were distributed and exhibited in this period in nonsocialist countries. With Australia as my case study, I argue that China exported films to nonsocialist countries mainly noncommercially, that is, not for profit but for propaganda and diplomacy. Once there, Chinese films were disseminated and shown with the help of a variety of local communist, leftist, or otherwise People's Republic of China (PRC)—friendly individuals and organizations. The films, therefore, circulated in the world not just through the formal alliances among brother nations of the socialist bloc, but also because of what I term a “surrogate infrastructure” that bound various peoples and communities on the left at both the local and global levels. By consulting Chinese government documents as well as Australian newspapers, I demonstrate that, despite the language barrier, a didactic film art, and a Cold War geopolitical context that impeded the global flow of Chinese films, the noncommercial route nevertheless limned an alternative mapping of the 1950s.
Antropólogos, missionários e imagens do continente africano - entrevista com Eric Morier-Genoud
Authors: Morier-Genoud Eric , Castillo de Macedo Victor Miguel , Lisboa de Almeida Francieli 
Published: November 2020

Eric Morier-Genoud é Senior Lecturer na Queen’s Belfast University, Reino Unido. Fundador e ex-editor-chefe da revista Social Sciences & Missions ele publicou no ano passado a monografia Catholicism and the Making of Politics in Central Mozambique, 1940-1986 . Nesta entrevista, o professor Morier-Genoud, nos conta a respeito da sua trajetória acadêmica e dos itinerários que o levaram a se interessar por atividades missionárias no continente africano. Os objetos e contatos de pesquisa, permitiram a ele transitar entre a História e as Ciências Sociais ao longo de sua carreira. Suas indagações inovadoras oferecem pontos instigantes a respeito das relações entre colonialismo, ciência e religião. Assim, convidamos as leitoras e leitores a seguir as histórias de imagens de missionários africanos ou os dilemas deixados pela guerra civil em Moçambique, como modos de pensar histórias da antropologia.Palavras-chave: Antropologia da África; Antropologia das Missões; História da Antropologia; Moçambique.Eric Morier-Genoud is Senior Lecturer on Queen’s Belfast University, United Kingdom. Founder and former Editor-in-Chief of the Social Sciences & Missions Journal, he published last year the monograph Catholicism and the Making of Politics in Central Mozambique, 1940-1986. On this interview, professor Morier-Genoud, tells about his academic trajectory and the itineraries that led his interests for missionary activities on the African continent. The research objects and contacts allowed him to transit between History and Social Sciences throughout his career. His innovating questions offer instigating points concerning the relations amongst colonialism, science and religion. Thus we invite the readers to follow the stories of African missionary images or the dilemmas left by the civil war in Mozambique, as ways of thinking about the histories of anthropology. Key words: African Anthropology; Missions Anthropology; History of Anthropology; Mozambique.
SANTOS, Boaventura de Sousa. A cruel pedagogia do vírus (Pandemia Capital). São Paulo: Boitempo, 2020. 35p.
Authors: Lobo Janaina Campos 
Published: November 2020

Resenha do livro: SANTOS, Boaventura de Sousa. A cruel pedagogia do vírus (Pandemia Capital). São Paulo: Boitempo, 2020. 35p.
Effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between zirconia posts and root surfaces
Authors: Yılmaz Berivan Dündar , İzgi Ayça Deniz 
Published: November 2020

Aim: In recent years, especially with the increase in aesthetic demands, there has been a requirement to use the best aesthetic materials for dental restorations. These restorations are especially needed in those teeth that have crown loss due to a tooth fracture or extreme anterior tooth decay, post-core treatment has been applied as getting support by tooth roots. the aesthetic disadvantages and making use of the strength resistance of various metals. In this case, zirconium, which is a white‑coloured metal, is preferred. In this study, zirconia posts with different surface treatments were cemented to the root canal and bond strength was then evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Forty mandibular second premolar teeth were used in this study. Crowns of all teeth were removed to 14 mm from the enamel-cement margin by separation under irrigation. Root canals were cleaned, shaped and filled. Teeth were kept in distilled water while zirconia posts were prepared. Zirconia posts were divided into four groups according to the surface treatment methods as follows: a control group, a CoJet applied group, a sandblasting+laser group and an Er:YAG laser group. The Er:YAG laser was administered at 450 mJ at 10 Hz for 60 seconds with a 100-μs pulse duration. Surface-treated posts were bonded to the root canal with Panavia F cement. Cores were made with the standardized strip crowns. 5000 cycles, 5-55 °C thermal cycle applied with transition time at 5 seconds. For push-out tests, roots were embedded in translucent acrylic resin and coronal, middle third and apical sections were cut into 1.5-mm slices. The maximum load at failure was recorded for each specimen in newtons and then converted into megapascals (MPa). Each specimen was inspected with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 100 X. Data were analysed using Games‑Howell tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The coronal section from Group 3 had the highest mean push-out bond strength (18.01 MPa), while the apical section from Group 1 had the lowest (4.49 MPa). Surface treatments had no significant effect on the mean push-out bond strengths of zirconia posts (p > 0.05). However, dividing the root canal into three sections had a significant effect on bond strength (p < 0.05). When the results were evaluated for all groups, the push-out bond strength was highest in the coronal section, then in the middle third and the lowest in the apical section.

How to cite this article:
Dündar Yılmaz B, İzgi AD. Effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between zirconia posts and root surfaces. Int Dent Res 2020;10(2):49-54. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.4

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
PEEK in dentistry, properties and application areas
Authors: Akay Canan , Ersöz Miraç Berke 
Published: November 2020

Aim: PEEK is a widely accepted material in medicine and dentistry. The aim of our study is to define and summarize the application areas of PEEK in dentistry. A retrospective literature research was conducted using the keywords ‘polyetheretherkethone’, ‘PEEK’, ‘dentistry’, ‘dental’,’ implant’, on the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The relevant articles were analyzed and summarized. In this review, the structure, properties and application areas of PEEK are explained.
Conclusion: PEEK can be used in the biomedical field due to its excellent chemical and mechanical properties. Thanks to its bone-like elasticity modulus it can be used as an implant material, fixed and removable prostheses, obturators, pediatric dentistry, and orthodontics. In addition, PEEK is an alternative to metals due to its non-allergic and aesthetically acceptable properties. Nevertheless, improving PEEK's properties and increasing biocompatibility is a challenging process. It is expected that the use of PEEK in dentistry will increase due to the modifications applied.

How to cite this article:
Akay C, Ersöz MB. PEEK in dentistry, properties and application areas. Int Dent Res 2020;10(2):60-65.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.6

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.