bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Gómez Ruiz Marcos , Lainez Escribano Mario , Cagigas Fernández Carmen , Cristobal Poch Lidia , Santarrufina Martínez Sandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery has demonstrated many benefits in general surgery, particularly in colon and rectal procedures. On the other hand, it has some limitations that must be taken into account, especially technical drawback. Robotic surgery has incorporated many improvements to overcome this disadvantage, such as 3D visualization, articulating instruments assisting complex and precise movements. As a result, robotic colorectal surgery shows less intraoperative blood loss, shorter time to oral tolerance and initial flatus (particularly associated with “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery” protocol), less conversion rate to open surgery, shortened hospital stay, and longer distal margins compared to laparoscopic and open surgery. This approach also shows a shorter learning curve. Some studies suggest that it could decrease perioperatively or 30 days after the intervention's mortality, raise overall survival, reduce wound infection, and improve functional results, while others show no significant difference. However, it lengthens surgical time. Otherwise, the studies included do not show statistically significant changes in the number of resected lymph nodes and anastomotic leaks. Economic costs remain one of the major concerns, although to date there are no large‐scale studies that have evaluated this aspect from a global point of view. Robotic surgery represents a qualitative leap in surgical instruments and, although there is no strong evidence in favor of the use of robotic surgery over laparoscopic or open surgery, there is enough evidence to support its use in colorectal surgery, with potential advantages for patients.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms and pregnancy: Overview and practice recommendations
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPregnancy in the context of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) poses unique fetal and maternal challenges. Current literature in this regard mostly involves essential thrombocythemia (ET) and less so polycythemia vera (PV) or myelofibrosis. In ET, live birth rate is estimated at 70% with first trimester fetal loss (˜ 30%) as the major complication. Risk of pregnancy‐associated complications is higher in PV, thus mandating a more aggressive treatment approach. Herein, we appraise the relevant literature, share our own experience and propose management recommendations. Aspirin therapy may offer protection against fetal loss; however the additive benefit of systemic anticoagulation or cytoreductive therapy, in the absence of high risk disease, is unclear. We recommend cytoreductive therapy in the form of interferon alpha in all high risk and select low‐risk ET and PV patients with history of recurrent fetal loss, prominent splenomegaly or suboptimal hematocrit control with phlebotomy. In addition, all women with PV should maintain strict hematocrit control <45% with the aid of phlebotomy. Systemic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin is advised in patients with history of venous thrombosis. Further clarification awaits prospective clinical trials that implement risk adapted therapeutic interventions.
Child protection services for children with special healthcare needs: A population record linkage study
Authors: Hindmarsh Gabrielle , Laurens Kristin R. , Katz Ilan , Butler Merran , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChildren with disabilities are known to have high rates of contact with child protection services. However, little is known about child protection contacts for a broader group of children with special healthcare needs (SHCN; i.e., special needs or other impairments of concern that affect learning). This study examined the characteristics of contact with child protection services (prior to the age of 6 years) for children with SHCN identified at school entry using the 2009 Australian Early Development Census, using administrative data from more than 65,000 children in the New South Wales Child Development Study. Child protection contacts prior to age 6 years were more prevalent among children with SHCN compared with those without; in particular, children with SHCN had higher odds of a history of exposure to neglect and physical abuse, and higher odds of being placed in out‐of‐home care, compared with their typically developing peers. Understanding the characteristics of child protection contacts among children with SHCN, with consideration of factors that may influence their patterns of contact with these and other human services agencies, will inform the development of appropriate social policy initiatives to fulfil Australia’s obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Association between inflammation in acute phase and early onset pneumonia in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Shiba Daiki , Hifumi Toru , Watanabe Yu , Shimizu Masato , Isokawa Shutaro , Toya Nozomi , Iwasaki Tsutomu , Otani Norio , Ishimatsu Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEarly onset pneumonia (EOP) in patients with cardiac arrest treated with targeted temperature management is a recently debated issue. We assessed the association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and development of EOP in patients treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods and ResultsWe reviewed the data of all patients admitted to our hospital after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated with ECPR between April 2006 and April 2019 who survived for at least 48 h. We collected demographic data, cardiac arrest characteristics, prophylactic antibiotic use, and neurologic outcomes. Diagnosis of EOP was made based on clinical, radiological, and microbiological criteria. The primary endpoint was the association between the incidence of EOP and CRP levels from day 1 to day 4. A total of 55 patients were included, of which 20 developed EOP. CRP levels on days 3 and 4 were significantly elevated in patients who developed EOP (13.1 [11.8–21.1] mg/dL versus 11.6 [7.4–15.2] mg/dL, P = 0.005; and 19.0 [16.9–27.1] mg/dL versus 14.7 [7.4–21.2] mg/dL, P = 0.019, respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression model, the CRP level on day 3 was significantly associated with the development of EOP (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.41; P = 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased inflammation in acute phase was associated with development of EOP in patients treated with ECPR.
Predicting consumers’ choices in the age of the internet, AI, and almost perfect tracking: Some things change, the key challenges do not
Authors: Gal David , Simonson Itamar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent technology advances (e.g., tracking and “AI”) have led to claims and concerns regarding the ability of marketers to anticipate and predict consumer preferences with great accuracy. Here, we consider the capabilities of both traditional techniques (e.g., conjoint analysis) and more recent tools (e.g., advanced machine learning methods) for predicting consumer choices. Our main conclusion is that for most of the more interesting consumer decisions, those that are “new” and non‐habitual, prediction remains hard. In fact, in many cases, prediction has become harder due to the increasing influence of just‐in‐time information (user reviews, online recommendations, new options, etc.) at the point of decision that can neither be measured nor anticipated ex ante. Sophisticated methods and “big data” can in certain contexts improve predictions, but usually only slightly, and prediction remains very imprecise—so much so that it is often a waste of effort. We suggest marketers focus less on trying to predict consumer choices with great accuracy and more on how the information environment affects the choice of their products. We also discuss implications for consumers and policymakers.
A decentralized Nesterov gradient method for stochastic optimization over unbalanced directed networks
Authors: Hu Jinhui , Xia Dawen , Cheng Huqiang , Feng Liping , Ji Lianghao , Guo Jing , Li Huaqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDecentralized stochastic gradient methods play significant roles in large‐scale optimization that finds many practical applications in machine learning and coordinated control. This paper studies optimization problems over unbalanced directed networks, where the mutual goal of agents in the network is to optimize a global objective function expressed as a sum of local objective functions. Each agent using only local computation and communication in the networks is assumed to get access to a stochastic first‐order oracle. In order to devise a noise‐tolerant decentralized algorithm with accelerated linear convergence, a decentralized Nesterov gradient algorithm with the constant step‐size and parameter using stochastic gradients is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm employing a gradient‐tracking technique is proved to converge linearly to an error ball around the optimal solution via the analysis on a linear system when the positive constant step‐size and parameter are sufficiently small. We further recover the exact linear convergence for the proposed algorithm with exact gradients under the same selection conditions of the constant step‐size and parameter. Some real‐world data sets are used in simulations to validate the correctness of the theoretical findings and practicability of the proposed algorithm.
Interactive effects of power and donation target on charitable giving
Authors: Wang Yan , Feng Haojia , Qiu Shuang , Cui Lijuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIs a powerful person more or less generous than a powerless person in terms of charitable giving request? In this work, we argue that power's effect on charitable giving depends on donation target. Across two studies, having high power decreased donation to a specific person, whereas having high power increased donation to a charitable organization. Moreover, the effect of power on donation across donation targets was mediated by the felt social distance toward the population in need. We discuss the theoretical implications for contemporary debates about power's effects and practical implications of power for designing effective donation appeals.
Altered brain network centrality in middle‐aged patients with retinitis pigmentosa: A resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Lin Qi , Zhu Fei‐Ying , Shu Yong‐Qiang , Zhu Pei‐Wen , Ye Lei , Shi Wen‐Qing , Min You‐Lan , Li Biao , Yuan Qing , Shao Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the underlying functional network brain activity changes of patients in middle‐aged with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the relationships with clinical features such as depression scale and visual functioning using voxel‐wise degree centrality (DC) method.MethodsWe included 16 patients with RP (11 men, 5 women) and 16 healthy controls (HCs; 11 men, 5 women). Participants were matched in terms of age, weight, gender and handedness (age and weight between the two groups were compared using independent sample t‐tests, gender and handedness were compared using chi‐square test). We use the voxel‐wise DC method to assess spontaneous brain activity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to distinguish between RP patients and HCs. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between mean DC values in various brain regions and clinical features (such as depression scale and visual functioning) in RP patients.ResultsCompared with HCs, the DC values of patients with RP were reduced in the right medial frontal gyrus, bilateral cuneus, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and increased in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, left inferior temporal gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. The mean DC values in the bilateral cuneus negatively correlated with the depression scale, and those in the bilateral precuneus positively correlated with the Visual Functioning Questionnaire‐25.ConclusionsMiddle‐aged patients with RP exhibit abnormal brain network activity in various brain regions, and this may underlie the pathological mechanism of RP.
Characteristics and prognosis of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer after surgical treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current evidence
Authors: Tie Hongtao , Luo Jun , Shi Rui , Li Zhenhan , Chen Dan , Wu Qingchen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to quantitatively summary the characteristics of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC), postoperative mortality, long‐term prognosis, and prognostic effects of potential clinical parameters in patients with sMPLC after surgery.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched to identify studies that explored the prognosis of patients with sMPLC after surgery.ResultsFifty‐two studies with 3486 participants were included, and clinical characteristics were quantitatively summarized. The pooled proportion of sMPLC in lung cancer was 2.0% (95%CI, 1.6%–2.5%) with an increasing trend over time, and postoperative mortality was 1.4% (95%CI, 0.5%–2.7%) with a decreasing trend over time. The 5‐year survival rate was 44.9% (95%CI, 37.4%–52.6%) and all long‐term survival rates showed increasing trends over time. Poor long‐term prognosis was observed in both limited resection (HR = 1.357, 95%CI, 1.047–1.759, p = 0.0210) and pneumonectomy (HR = 2.643, 95%CI, 1.539–4.541, p = 0.0004) by comparison of anatomical resection. Other clinical parameters of age, gender, smoking status, FEV1, and lymph node metastasis significantly impacted the long‐term prognosis (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe proportion of sMPLC in lung cancer and 5‐year survival rate are increasing, while postoperative mortality is decreasing trend over time. Lobectomy should be preferred, while pneumonectomy should be avoided for sMPLC. Age, gender, FEV1, smoking, tumor size, surgical methods, and lymph node status are prognostic factors for sMPLC. Considering the heterogeneity and publication bias, these findings should be treated with caution.
Systematic Pragmatic Phenomenological Analysis: Step‐wise guidance for mixed methods research
Authors: Vos Joel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStructural Pragmatic Phenomenological Analysis (SPPA) is a pragmatic‐phenomenological methodology integrating qualitative and quantitative research, offering a systematic, sensitive and specific guidance to developing a reflexive understanding of individual experiences and meanings. Applications of SPPA have previously been published, but no systematic overview and guidance.Aim and methodThis article offers an overview and a step‐by‐step guidance of SPPA.ResultSPPA is based on pragmatic‐ontology and critical‐realist epistemology. The overall aim of an SPPA study is to systematically examine the lived experience and meaning of a phenomenon for one or more individuals. This overall aim could be specified in specific research objectives (e.g., ontological status of the phenomenon, type of meaning, approach to meaning, relationship to individual/society, development over time, individual history, sense of freedom, existential and daily life experience). The first part of interview schedules consists of: mindfulness exercises, open introductory questions, questions about time and space, influence of the participant and the context on the experience and meaning. The second part includes specific questions about each research objective, broadening of the perspective, exploring paradoxes and inconsistencies, narrowing the perspective, interpretations, participant decisions and conclusions, and systematic reflexivity. Questionnaires help in understanding individual differences, representativity, reflexivity and hypothesis creation. Analytic steps include macro‐level and micro‐level phenomenological analysis, systematic analysis of research objectives, questionnaire analysis, systematic reflexivity, synthesis per participant, synthesis for all participants and reflection on trustworthiness.DiscussionSPPA offers step‐wise guidance, which can be helpful for trainees and beginning researchers. More applications and research into the experiences of SPPA are needed.
Roller milling performance of dry yellow split peas: Mill stream composition and functional characteristics
Authors: Price Chelsea , Kiszonas Alecia M. , Smith Brennan , Morris Craig F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesYellow split pea flour is a growing trend in the food sector as a functional ingredient. The aim here was to analyze the milling performance and composition of dry yellow split peas on a pilot roller mill and determine whether there were differences in pea cotyledon fractionation.FindingsDry yellow split peas were efficiently roller milled with complete recovery in nine mill streams; over half of the flour was produced on two. All streams except 4th Midds had a high proportion of particles <125 μm, starch damage levels similar to wheat flour, and similar protein, pasting, and solvent retention capacities. The 4th Midds represented only 1% of the total flour.ConclusionThis study shows that dry yellow split peas can be efficiently milled on a wheat roller mill to a small particle size. In contrast to wheat, split peas are fairly uniform in composition with modest differences among mill streams. Flour recovery was essentially 99%.Significance and noveltyTo serve as a food ingredient, dry split peas must first be reduced to small particles. Roller milling, though not a traditional method, was shown to be highly efficient. Unlike wheat, pea flour streams were rather similar in composition and functionality.
Gluten‐free bread applications: Thermo‐mechanical and techno‐functional characterization of Kañiwa flour
Authors: Luna‐Mercado Genny I. , Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia Ritva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesKañiwa is a little‐known Andean native grain with excellent nutritional value. It contains no gluten and, therefore, has potential as a raw material for gluten‐free products. The aim of this study was to evaluate techno‐functional, thermo‐mechanical, and physicochemical properties of two kañiwa varieties (Cupi and Illpa Inia), in order to assess their potential as ingredients in gluten‐free bakery products.FindingsThe Illpa Inia variety presented superior thermo‐mechanical properties, such as greater mechanical resistance and stability, as well as less protein weakening and starch retrogradation, which were related to the quantity of its proteins, fiber content, and strong associations between lipid and starch.ConclusionSimilarities in starch characteristics and differences in fiber, fat, and protein quality and quantity between kañiwa varieties were found. This resulted in higher resistance to withstand mechanical and thermal stress for the Illpa Inia variety. The small size of the starch granules in kañiwa contributed to further improvement in its resistance against mechanical and thermal stress. This variety of kañiwa represents a promising ingredient for the food industry.Significance and NoveltyThe physicochemical, techno‐functional, and thermo‐mechanical characterization of flours of two Peruvian kañiwa varieties provided new information on the suitability of kañiwa for use in gluten‐free baking. Kañiwa is an interesting and novel ingredient to be used in gluten‐free products, enhancing the nutritional value of these products.
Ultra‐small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) magnetic resonance imaging in benign mixed tumor of the parotid gland
Authors: Johnson Jason M. , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Ding Yao , Wang Jihong , Lai Stephen Y. , Fuller Clifton D. , Shah Rutvij , Butler Randall T. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHistorically USPIO has been used to help with nodal staging but not in primary tumors. The ability to concentrate USPIO may help to differentiate BMT from other types of parotid tumors.
In Situ Integrated Co3W−WN Hybrid Nanostructure as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst by Accelerating Water Dissociation and Enhancing Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zheng Jianping , Chen Jianpo , Xiao Liping , Cheng Xiaoning , Cui Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the difference of catalytic mechanisms, the design of an efficient alkaline bifunctional catalyst not only needs to organically integrate different active sites, but also has to simultaneously optimize the catalytic activity of both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we propose a strategy of killing two birds with one stone to construct the efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst by simultaneously accelerating water dissociation and enhancing oxygen evolution. The self‐supported tungsten nitride nanowires decorated with tungsten cobalt alloy nanoparticles (Co3W/WN/CC) were synthesized on the flexible carbon cloth. Co3W can act as both a water dissociation promoter to enhance HER activity and OER active species to facilitate water oxidation via in situ transformation, thus effectively improving the overall water splitting performance. As expected, compared with pure tungsten nitride catalysts, the hybrid electrocatalyst not only shows enhanced HER activity with an overpotential decrease from 255 to 43 mV, but also achieves an excellent OER performance with overpotential of 273 mV in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. Furthermore, by employing Co3W/WN/CC as cathode and anode, the overall water splitting process needs 1.582 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and maintains without decay for 80 hours. This work expands the effective strategy for building efficient, stable and low‐cost alkaline bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Overactivation of the IGF signalling pathway in osteosarcoma: a potential therapeutic target?
Authors: Ameline Baptiste , Kovac Michal , Nathrath Michaela , Barenboim Maxim , Witt Olaf , Krieg Andreas H , Baumhoer Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. More than a third of patients do not respond to standard therapy and urgently require alternative treatment options. Due to a high degree of inter‐ and intra‐tumoural genomic heterogeneity and complexity, recurrent molecular alterations that could serve as prognostic predictors or therapeutic targets are still lacking in osteosarcoma. Copy number (CN) gains involving the IGF1R gene, however, have been suggested as a potential surrogate marker for treating a subset of patients with IGF1R inhibitors. In this study, we screened a large set of osteosarcomas and found specific CN gains of the IGF1R gene in 18 of 253 (7.1%) cases with corresponding IGF1R overexpression. Despite the discouraging results observed in clinical trials in other tumours so far, focusing only on selected patients with osteosarcoma that show evidence of IGF pathway activation might represent a promising new and innovative treatment approach.