bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of well logging and seismic reflection to the Jurassic petroleum system characterization in the Chotts zone (Southern Tunisia)
Authors: Guellala Rihab , Abdelmoumen Kaoula , Sarsar Naouali Benen , Mahroug Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the Chotts zone central part (southern Tunisia), the Jurassic series are interesting for hydrocarbon exploration. However, these series’ composition and geometry are little studied to propose prospection programs. Using boreholes and seismic reflection data, the present study aims a better characterization of the Jurassic series in the Chotts zone central part, in view of petroleum prospects identification. The analysis of the lithological columns and their corresponding well logs highlights an interesting petroleum system: The Tithonian, Kimmeridgian and Oxfordian carbonated deposits are the main reservoirs formations, whereas the Kimmeridgian and Callovian clays constitute the source rocks. The seal rocks are composed of the Jurassic clayey intercalations. Forty-four seismic reflection profiles calibrated using the time–depth relation in petroleum wells are interpreted in this study. The reflectors corresponding to the Malm, Dogger and Lias tops are identified and picked on the different seismic profiles. The isochrone, isobath and isopach maps subsequently deduced disclose important tectonic features that affect the Jurassic series in the Chotts zone and control their geometry. They highlight two sunken zones separated by a raised structure. This structure corresponds to an anticline, overturned toward the south, limited by E–W major faults and truncated by other oriented NW–SE. It constitutes an excellent trap structure where five interesting prospects are precisely delimited. Furthermore, the determined tectonic accidents may facilitate the migration of oil from Jurassic source rocks. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the Jurassic petroleum system in the Chotts area and guide enormously its exploration.
Dental Imaging With Near-Infrared Transillumination Using Random Fiber Laser
Authors: Guo Jiayu , Rao Yunjiang , Zhang Weili , Cui Zewen , Liu Anran , Yan Yongmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContrary to the conventional detection method like radiography, the near infrared light source has been demonstrated to be suitable for dental imaging due to different reflectivity among enamel, dentin, and caries lesion. In this paper, three light sources with different bandwidths based on a transillumination method are compared. The contrast among enamel, dentin, and caries lesion is calculated in different situations. The experimental results show that the random fiber laser has the best comprehensive quality in dental imaging due to its high spectral density, low coherence, and deep penetration. This work provides a guidance for light source selection in dental imaging.
A framework for teaching socio-environmental problem-solving
Authors: Wei Cynthia A. , Deaton Michael L. , Shume Teresa J. , Berardo Ramiro , Burnside William R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe urgent environmental challenges we now face, from climate change to biodiversity loss, involve people and the planet, the social, and the environmental. Teaching students to become effective socio-environmental problem-solvers requires clarity about concepts and competencies needed to understand and tackle these challenges. Here, we propose an educational framework that describes what students should learn and how they should apply this knowledge to address socio-environmental problems. This framework emphasizes the process of problem-solving and is based on socio-environmental (S-E) synthesis, an integrative, transdisciplinary approach to understanding and tackling complex socio-environmental problems. In addition to identifying the knowledge, skills, dispositions, and practices necessary for S-E problem-solving at the undergraduate and graduate levels, we clarify how one draws on such competencies to inquire about problems and generate solutions for them. Our primary goal is to provide a useful tool to help guide development of curricula, teaching materials, and pedagogies for S-E synthesis and interdisciplinary environmental education more broadly.
Where to draw the line: honor mindset increases retaliation in response to unfair behavior
Authors: Flinkenflogel Nic , Novin Sheida , van der Meulen Anna , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPast research has linked honor to a higher tendency for retaliation. A common method is to compare groups that are either low or high in honor. While effective, this does not account for within-group variation, nor isolate honor as a distinct construct from alternative differences between groups that might affect the outcome. In the current study we investigated honor as a cultural mindset, using priming methodology in both Dutch participants (who are typically low in honor endorsement) and Dutch-Turkish and Dutch-Moroccan participants (who are typically high in honor endorsement), while controlling for trait endorsement of honor values. To quantify retaliation, we used two social dilemmas: presenting an unequal offer in the Ultimatum Game, and chips being taken in the Justice Game. The results showed that priming honor resulted in an increased willingness to pay for punishment in the Justice Game, but not higher rejection in the Ultimatum Game. This suggests that unfairness by itself is not sufficient to trigger retaliation; rather, a pronounced transgression is required—in this case something being taken what is considered rightfully yours. Furthermore, decision-making in both social dilemmas was not associated with cultural background or honor endorsement. This indicates that an honor mindset needs to be salient to affect decision-making, and can affect behavior over and above the endorsement of honor values.
Enhanced Ionic Accessibility of Flexible MXene Electrodes Produced by Natural Sedimentation
Authors: Sun Ning , Guan Zhaoruxin , Zhu Qizhen , Anasori Babak , Gogotsi Yury , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MXene nanosheets have been used for preparing highly flexible integrated electrodes due to their two-dimensional (2D) morphology, flexibility, high conductivity, and abundant functional groups. However, restacking of 2D nanosheets inhibits the ion transport in MXene electrodes, limiting their thickness, rate performance, and energy storage capacity. Here, we employed a natural sedimentation method instead of the conventional vacuum-assisted filtration to prepare flexible Ti3C2Tx MXene films with enlarged interlayer spacing, which facilitates the access of the lithium ions to the interlayers and thus leads to a greatly enhanced electrochemical performance. The naturally sedimented flexible film shows a double lithium storage capacity compared to the conventional vacuum-filtered MXene film, along with improved rate performance and excellent cycle stability.
Analysis of apoplastic proteins expressed during net form net blotch of barley
Authors: Hassett Kealan , Ellwood Simon R. , Zulak Katherine G. , Muria-Gonzalez Mariano Jordi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe net form net blotch (NFNB) is a significant disease of barley. Its causal agent, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT), has an important economic impact on yield and grain quality globally. However, the molecular interaction between PTT and barley is not fully understood. The plant–pathogen encounter comprises the secretion of diverse molecules involved in plant defence, including pathogenicity-related proteins, and fungal attack, such as proteinaceous toxins called effectors. The forefront of the molecular crosstalk between plant and fungus is the space between plant cells or apoplast. To explore the suitability of studying apoplastic proteins to assist understanding the host–pathogen interaction, a mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique was used to profile apoplastic protein differences in control and NFNB-infected leaves in a susceptible cultivar. The analysis revealed 1130 barley proteins, of which 140 were found to be significantly differentially expressed. This paper presents an overview of the major protein changes induced in the barley apoplast and discusses the involvement of individual proteins in defence and disease development. Our results suggest that the fungus may be hijacking defence signalling pathways. This investigation provides the first in vivo proteomics data for a NFNB–barley interaction, setting a background for further studies.
The atypical neuroleptics iloperidone and lurasidone inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Evaluation of potential metabolic interactions
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Wójcikowski Jacek , Daniel Władysława A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed at examining the inhibitory effect of two atypical neuroleptics iloperidone and lurasidone on the main human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in pooled human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed CYP enzymes (supersomes).

Methods
The activity of these enzymes was determined by the following CYP-specific reactions: caffeine 3-N-demethylation/CYP1A2, diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation/CYP2C9, perazine N-demethylation/CYP2C19, bufuralol 1′-hydroxylation/CYP2D6 and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation/CYP3A4, respectively, using HPLC.

Results
Iloperidone inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 via a noncompetitive mechanism (Ki = 0.38 and 0.3 µM in liver microsomes and supersomes, respectively) and CYP2D6 via a competitive mechanism (Ki = 2.9 and 10 µM in microsomes and supersomes). Moreover, iloperidone attenuated the activity of CYP1A2 (Ki = 45 and 31 µM in microsomes and supersomes) and CYP2C19 via a mixed mechanism (Ki = 6.5 and 32 µM in microsomes and supersomes) but did not affect CYP2C9. Lurasidone moderately inhibited CYP1A2 (Ki = 12.6 and 15.5 µM in microsomes and supersomes), CYP2C9 (Ki = 18 and 3.5 µM in microsomes and supersomes) and CYP2C19 via a mixed mechanism (Ki = 18 and 18.4 µM in microsomes and supersomes), and CYP3A4 via a competitive mechanism (Ki = 29.4 and 9.1 µM in microsomes and supersomes). Moreover, lurasidone competitively, though weakly diminished the CYP2D6 activity (Ki = 37.5 and 85 µM in microsomes and supersomes).

Conclusion
The examined neuroleptics showed inhibitory effects on different CYP enzymes. The obtained results indicate that metabolic/pharmacokinetic interactions with iloperidone (involving mainly CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) and possibly with lurasidone (involving CYP1A2, CYP2C9 or CYP2C19) may occur during combined therapy.
Physical activity pattern and its relationship with overweight and obesity in saudi children
Authors: Aliss Eman M. , Sutaih Rima H. , Kamfar Hayat Z. , Alagha Abdulmoeen E. , Marzouki Zuhair M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are emerging public health problems. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and eating out are responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity and related health risks.

Objective:
To examine physical activity level and weight status among Saudi children in relation to age and gender.

Study design:
In a cross-sectional study, 200 apparently healthy Saudi children (118 boys and 82 girls), aged 5–15 years, were enrolled from the Pediatric clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. To determine physical activity level, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form-A was used. Anthropometric measurements were taken for all participants.

Results:
Central obesity was highly prevalent among adolescents as compared with a higher prevalence of general obesity in children. Physical activity level was significantly higher among adolescent boys than adolescent girls (P<.05). Girls scored almost double the total metabolic equivalent scores. More boys were considered highly active (59% vs. 40%) in contrast with more girls with low physical activity (38% vs. 26%). Among girls, high physical activity score was higher in children than in adolescents (40% vs. 21%) and an increasing number of adolescents were of low physical activity than children (64% vs. 38%). The majority of the study population were spending more than 2 h per day in watching TV and playing electronic games, but a slightly higher number of children showed sedentary behavior than adolescents. Adolescent girls were significantly spending more time watching TV than adolescent boys (P<.01). Significant inverse associations with most anthropometric measures and the time spent in watching TV and doing desk work were demonstrated in both genders.

Conclusion:
This study reports significant influence, by age and gender, contributing to physical inactivity and weight status among Saudi children.
Child maltreatment prevention readiness in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Mahroos Fadheela T. , Alnoaimi Aysha A. , AlAmer Eshraq A. , Jahrami Haitham A. , Saleheen Hassan N. , Almuneef Maha , Al-Eissa Majid A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives:
Child maltreatment (CM) is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the well-documented cases of all forms of CM and the improvement of the national response to CM in Bahrain, efforts on the prevention of CM are still limited. The objective of this study was to assess the readiness to implement a national evidence-based CM prevention (CMP) program in Bahrain.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted with 45 key informants who had influence and decision-making power over CMP.

Results:
The overall score indicated low to moderate readiness. The key informants scored the highest on legislation, mandates, and policies (7.9), which was followed by the knowledge of CM prevention (7.2), institutional resources and links (5.2), and informal social resources (noninstitutional) (5.2). However, the lowest scores were the human and technical resources (1.2), attitudes toward CM prevention (3.3), will to address the problem, and material resources (3.8), current programs implementation and evaluation, and scientific data on CM prevention (4.5).

Conclusion:
This research has identified strengths and gaps in the country that needs to be addressed to develop programs that are responsive to the needs of the community. The development of a comprehensive well-resourced CMP program requires the collaborative efforts of legislators, political leaders, and professionals.
Reverberation mapping of AGNs through continuum polarization
Authors: Rojas Lobos P. A. , Goosmann R. W. , Hameury J. M. , Marin F. 
Published: April 2020

Context. The size and geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are among the main ingredients in determining the mass of the accreting black hole. Size and geometry can be constrained by determining the delay between the optical continuum and the flux reprocessed by the BLR, in particular, through the emission lines.
Aims. We propose here that the delay between polarized and unpolarized light can also be used in much the same way to constrain the size of the BLR; we verify that meaningful results can be expected from observations using this technique.
Methods. We used our code STOKES to simulate polarized radiative transfer. We determined the response of the environment of the central source (BLR, dust torus, and polar wind) to randomly generated fluctuations in the central source. We then calculated the cross correlation between the simulated polarized flux and the total flux to estimate the time delay that would be provided by observations using the same method.
Results. The BLR is the main contributor to the delay between the polarized flux and the total flux. This delay is independent of the observation wavelength.
Conclusions. This validates the use of polarized radiation in the optical/UV band to estimate the geometrical properties of the BLR in type I AGNs, in which the viewing angle is close to pole-on and the BLR is not obscured by the dust torus.
Confidence collapse in a multihousehold, self-reflexive DSGE model
Authors: Morelli Federico Guglielmo , Benzaquen Michael , Tarzia Marco , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Despite their inability to cope with the global financial crisis, dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are still at the forefront of monetary policy. Like many standard economic models, DSGE models rely on the figment of representative agents, abolishing the possibility of genuine collective effects (such as the 2008 crisis) induced by heterogeneities and interactions. By allowing feedback of past aggregate consumption on the sentiment of individual households, we construct more realistic DSGE models that allow for large output swings induced by relatively minor variations in economic conditions and amplified by interactions. Our framework elicits the de facto impossibility to price extreme risks and highlights the importance of narratives, as an efficient depression-prevention policy tool whenever confidence collapse is looming.
Categorical versus thetic sentences in the Universal Grammar of Realism
Authors: Leiss Elisabeth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to outline that the notions of thetic versus categorical sentences are
characteristic of a long tradition of philosophy, especially of the philosophy of Realism. Characteristic of Realism
is a highly developed theory of the copula. Sentences consist of a subject, a rather abstract copula, and a predicate.
Thus, the structure of any sentence and of any judgment is conceived as being triadic in nature. The copula appears –
overtly or covertly – in synthetic sentences as well as in analytic sentences, both of which are categorical sentences
(Roger Bacon 1240/2009: 70), whereby the analytic copula differs from the
synthetic copula with respect to the mode of signifying reality. It will be evidenced that the function of analytic
sentences is to build up a shared system of knowledge (mental lexicon), whereas synthetic sentences represent a
technique to socialize individual experiences. According to the philosophy of Realism, the copula appears even in
thetic sentences. Sentences without a copula are meant to be inconceivable. The working hypothesis is that in contrast
to categorical sentences, thetic sentences are not triadic, but dyadic in structure. According to the Realist
philosopher Lotze, thetic sentences consist of a copula and an amalgam of linguistically unstructured impressions,
compressed in the predicate. In line with the philosophy of Realism, thetic sentences are conceived as some premature
stage in the evolution of language. Thus, thetic sentences represent an embryonic stage of a categorical sentence as
well as of thought (Lotze 1874/1989: 70–74). Thetic sentences are able to
imitate the structure of categorical sentences (pseudo-subject – copula – pseudo-predicate). The conclusion is that
thetic sentences are pseudo-structured “intransitive” judgments. They consist of a copula and one single chunk of
“intransitive experience” only.
Copulas and information structure in Tanti Dargwa
Authors: Sumbatova Nina R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the basic types of independent clauses in the Tanti dialect of Dargwa
(Nakh-Dagestanian (= East Caucasian), Russian Federation). Most independent clauses in Tanti are headed either by the
identificational copula or a finite verb form. Less frequently, we meet sentences headed by one of the four
existential copulas. There are also some independent clauses headed by a non-finite verb form or a non-verbal
predicate and containing no copula. The paper shows that the basic difference between the sentences with different
copula types and without any copulas is the type of information structure of the relevant sentence. The
identificational copula is a feature of categorical sentences; the position of the copula points at the focused
constituent. The existential copulas tend to head thetic structures. Copula-less converbal clauses are often
interpreted as mirative sentences, which can also be analyzed as thetic, but differ from the existential structures by
the moment when the speaker obtains the knowledge of the situation.
Adjectives and mode of expression
Authors: Muroi Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The German psych-adjectives glücklich (happy) and traurig (sad)
and their Japanese counterparts shiawase and kanashii are considered here with
regard to their semantics, the hierarchy of thematic roles, and the mode of expression. The attributive usage has a
semantic structure with broad focus on the entire structure, which shows a similarity to thetic judgments despite its
nonpropositional status. By contrast, the predicative usage with the subject/topic as the stimulus denotes a permanent
property of the entity evoking the emotion and consists of two components respectively with narrow focus, which
corresponds to the double judgment of categoricals. This structure is possible owing to the property of the copulative
predication that it gives the sentence definiteness, but does not give any semantic role to the arguments.
Pseudocategorical or purely thetic?
Authors: Fujinawa Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
According to Marty (1918), thetic statements differ
from categorical ones in making a simple existential recognition or rejection rather than a predication. In Japanese,
where two subject particles, ga and wa, are presumably available for this
differentiation (Kuroda 1972), the point can be expounded especially by the
fact that da ‘to be’ hardly appears as an existential verb in ga-marked, but only in
wa-marked sentences. Moreover, the same holds true for German optatives. I conclude from these
observations that thetic statements find their expression not only pseudocategorically, as originally assumed by Marty (1918), but also in a purely thetic manner in natural languages, provided
(at least) there is no personal deictic agreement at work between a syntactic subject and a syntactic predicate.
The thetic/categorical distinction as difference in common ground update
Authors: Wilson Daniel J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The distinction between thetics and categoricals in natural language has been observed in more and
more languages recently. The theoretical discussion about the thetic/categorical distinction has also become
increasingly relevant. This article presents a few challenges to an assertion/judgment-based analysis of the
thetic/categorical distinction and offers instead an analysis based on common ground update within a theory of
alternative semantics. In this approach, I follow Murray (2009, 2010, 2014) and Roberts (2012) that each sentence offers different kinds of update to the common ground based on
the question(s) under discussion (or at-issue/not-at-issue content). I suggest that thetics present a
unique type of update which explains why sentences such as It is raining, prosodically inflected
sentences (known as those with sentence focus), existentials, and presentatives have been called thetics. Each
statement contributes to (or updates) the information interlocutors use, and this common ground shapes the assertions
they make. I ultimately propose that the thetic/categorical distinction may no longer be helpful for a description of
natural language. Instead, these phenomena can be situated within the increasingly robust frameworks which bridge the
syntax-semantics-pragmatics interfaces. Finally, I apply this proposal to a construction type in Biblical Hebrew which
I previously labelled a thetic construction in Wilson (2017, 2019).
No effect of probiotics on leptin levels. An updated mini review.
Authors: Papandreou Dimitrios 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Many human studies have reported controversial results on the benefit of probiotics on leptin levels. White adipose tissue (WAT) secretes leptin and plays an important role in energy balance and glucose homeostasis by decreasing food consumption and acting on fatty acid oxidation and weight reduction. Evidence on probiotics suggests that supplementation may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and leptin levels by altering the gut microbiota. However, most of the recent data have shown opposite results.