bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Buridan’s Sophismata and Interval Temporal Semantics
Authors: Uckelman Sara L. , Johnston Spencer 
Published: December 2019

In this paper we look at the suitability of modern interval-based temporal logic for modeling John Buridan’s treatment of tensed sentences in his Sophismata. Building on the paper (Øhrstrøm 1984), we develop Buridan’s analysis of temporal logic, paying particular attention to his notions of negation and the absolute/relative nature of the future and the past.We introduce a number of standard modern propositional interval temporal logics (ITLs) to illustrate where Buridan’s interval-based temporal analysis differs from the standard modern approaches. We give formal proofs of some claims in (Øhrstrøm 1984), and sketch how the standard modern systems could be defined in terms of Buridan’s proposals, showing that his logic can be taken as more basic.
In diesem Aufsatz betrachten wir das Geeignetsein einer modernen intervallbasierten temporalen Logik für die Modellierung von John Buridans Behandlung zeitabhängiger Sätze in seinen Sophismata. Aufbauend auf den Aufsatz (Øhrstrøm 1984) stellen wir Buridans Analyse der temporalen Logik dar, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Begriffe der Negation und der absoluten/relativen Natur der Zukunft und der Vergangenheit. Wir führen einige standardmäßige moderne intervallbasierte temporale Aussagenlogiken (ITLs) ein, um zu illustrieren, wo Buridans intervallbasierte temporale Analyse von den standardmäßigen modernen Zugangsweisen abweicht. Wir geben formale Beweise einiger Behauptungen in (Øhrstrøm 1984) an und skizzieren, wie die standardmäßigen modernen Systeme im Sinne der Vorschläge Buridans definiert werden könnten; wir zeigen damit, dass seine Logik als die grundlegendere aufgefasst werden kann.
Relational Space and Places of Value
Authors: Phemister Pauline 
Published: December 2019

Drawing on a Leibnizian panpsychist ontology of living beings that have a body and a soul, this paper outlines a theory of space based on the perceptual and appetitive relations among these creatures’ souls. In parallel with physical space founded on relations among bodies subject to efficient causation, teleological space results from relations among souls subject to final causation and is described qualitatively in terms of creatures’ pleasure and pain, wellbeing and happiness. Particular places within this space include the kingdom of grace, where morally responsible, rational beings act as far as possible in accord with the ideal of justice as universal love and wise benevolence. However, while Leibniz considered love as properly directed only towards rational beings, it is argued here that the truly wise person will direct their love and benevolence towards all living things.
Ausgehend von Leibniz’ panpsychistischer Ontologie von Lebewesen, die einen Körper und eine Seele haben, skizziert dieser Beitrag eine Theorie des Raumes, der auf den perzeptuellen und appetitiven Relationen zwischen den Seelen der Geschöpfe beruht. Parallel zum physikalischen Raum, der in Relationen zwischen den effizient kausal interagierenden Körper begründet liegt, ergibt sich aus den Relationen zwischen den Seelen, die finaler Verursachung unterliegen und in qualitativen Begriffen von Freude und Schmerz wie von Wohl und Zufriedenheit beschrieben werden, ein teleologischer Raum. Besondere Regionen dieses Raumes bilden das Königreich der Gnade, wo moralisch verantwortliche, rationale Wesen so weit wie möglich in Übereinstimmung mit dem Ideal der Gerechtigkeit als universale Liebe und weise Güte handeln. Während Leibniz jedoch meinte, dass sich echte Liebe nur auf rationale Wesen richte, wird hier argumentiert, dass eine wahrhaft weise Person ihre Liebe und Güte auf alle Lebewesen beziehen wird.
Teleonomy
Authors: Hennig Boris 
Published: December 2019

The distinction between teleology and teleonomy that biologists sometimes refer to seems to be helpful in certain contexts, but it is used in several different ways and has rarely been clearly drawn. This paper discusses three prominent uses of the term “teleonomy” and traces its history back to what seems to be its first use. This use is examined in detail and then justified and refined on the basis of elements found in the philosophy of Aristotle, Kant, Anscombe and others. In the course of this explication, it will also be shown how the description of end-directed processes relates to their explanation.
Die Unterscheidung zwischen Teleonomie und Teleologie, auf die Biologen manchmal verweisen, scheint für manche Zwecke hilfreich zu sein. Sie wird jedoch nicht in einheitlicher Weise verwendet und nur selten klar bestimmt. Der Beitrag untersucht drei prominente Gebrauchsweisen des Begriffs „Teleonomie“ und verfolgt seine Geschichte bis zu der Verwendung, die die erste zu sein scheint. Diese wird im Detail analysiert und unter Rückgriff auf Aristoteles, Kant, Anscombe und andere verteidigt und ergänzt. Im Zuge dieser Begriffsklärung wird außerdem gezeigt, wie sich die Beschreibung zielgerichteter Vorgänge zu ihrer Erklärung verhält.
Sustainable dyeing of wool fabric with Talaromyces purpurogenus
Authors: Verma Himani , Rani Anita , Gahlot Manisha , Goel Alka , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Natural dyes had been used by human being since ancient times for colouring of various materials including textiles. These were replaced completely by synthetic dyes, continuous use of which created the problem of pollution and environmental degradation. With the development of green technology and increased awareness of sustainability, the use of non-allergic, non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes on textiles has become a matter of significant importance. Among the natural sources of colourants, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have gained interest in the field of textile coloration. In the present study, the pigment solution yielded from growth of Talaromyces purpurogenus sp. on organic waste was used for dyeing of wool fabric. Under the dyeing conditions i.e. 1:30 M:L ratio, pH 5, 80º C temperature and 45 minutes dyeing time, the percent absorption could reach 57 %, 32%, 36% and 49% respectively. The wool fabric samples dyed with the fungal dye exhibited very good to excellent washing and rubbing fastness properties. The colour pigment obtained from fungal thus offered an opportunity to reduce impact on plant resources for dye source exploration. So it can be concluded from the study that a natural fungal dye could help to sustain the environment and to minimize the over exploitation of natural resources.
Influence of Background Knowledge and Language Proficiency on Comprehension of Domain-Specific Texts by University Students
Authors: Kendik-Gut Justyna 
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of a quantitative study that explores two factors contributing to reading comprehension of domain specific texts, namely level of language proficiency and background knowledge. Overall, 32 students participated in the study by taking two custom-designed reading comprehension tests. The test scores were further analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results of statistical tests revealed the differences between study groups as well as the effects of compensation. More precisely, the most proficient group scored higher on almost all tests and completed the tests more quickly than the remaining groups. The statistical tools used to test the data showed that there are significant differences between all the groups in their performance on Proficiency Level Test and in timing. Hence, our hypothesis concerning the influence of background knowledge and language proficiency on reading comprehension of domain-specific texts has been confirmed. Finally, the paper discusses limitations of the study as well as implications for EFL teaching.
Microstructural Characterization of Molybdenum Grain Boundaries by Micropillar Compression Testing and Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Jakob S. , Lorich A. , Eidenberger-Schober M. , Knabl W. , Clemens H. , Maier-Kiener V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Molybdenum is part of many modern everyday items and, to some extent, also necessary for their production. Besides its high melting point of 2620 °C, molybdenum exhibits good electrical and thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion at the same time. However, pure molybdenum has low ductility at room temperature. The ductile-brittle transition which is typical of body-centred cubic metals occurs at around room temperature, depending on the processing state. Thus, components partly fracture along the grain boundaries due to brittle failure. The decisive reason for this are, inter alia, impurities which segregate at grain boundaries.
In order to analyze individual grain boundaries, a load is applied in compression direction to micropillars in the size range of a few micrometres. This allows a targeted study of the mechanical properties, complemented by atom probe experiments analysing the chemical structure. The micrometre-scale analyses enable the determination and correlation of the mechanical with the chemical properties of a single grain boundary with the aim of better understanding the relationship between segregations and deformation behaviour in the grain boundary region.
Art in the Light of Posthumanism
Authors: Сапенько Роман 
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the condition of art and artistic creation in the context of the development of smart technologies and an advanced computer programs that are used more and more often today in the processes of producing object of art. The author wonders whether in the future the programs and algorithms will allow to cross the limit of seriality and repetitiveness, characteristic for machines’ works of art. The issues of defining art, its intentionality and originality are considered in the situation when the human subject does not stand behind the process of creating art objects. For better distinction, it is proposed to use categories of mass and autonomous art.
In search of matrices — ongoing process
Authors: Скутнік Ярослав 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the author attempts to synthesize his work in graphic arts. Based on selected examples, artist shows the transformations which the creation process was subjected to. Author notices the inherent potential of the matrix, the conventional process of acquiring a print, treated only as a means to create the art piece, that makes the basis around which he builds the meaning of his graphical objects. A significant aspect of the creative process is the method of using artistic creation tools, which are derived from the classical workshop and also are using the advantages of new technologies. Regardless of the means and tools used, the center of his practice is the matrix, which confirms the connection to reality – the symbolic relation of art and truth. The review of selected works, discussed in the article, concerns the period from 1993 to the present day.
[Re]animation of a Simulacrum. Digitograph
Authors: Зубавіна Ірина 
Published: December 2019

The term “simulacrum” is known back from the Latin translations of Plato, where it denoted simply an image, a picture, a representation. That was so until Jean Baudrillard reshaped the meaning of the concept. At the present time, simulacrum is one of the fundamental concepts within the theory of postmodernism. Its notion includes a pseudo-thing, an empty form, a copy lacking the original. In the contemporary world, with its technological overload, substituting reality with fake became quite common (in fashion, politics, advertising, entertainment industry, etc.). Culture has a vivid tendency for simulations. First and foremost, the article focuses, among all other categories of simulacra, on the digital video—digitograph—a field of stereotypes’ rupture that is the most convincing embodiment of the “photographically realistic” virtual inventions. It defines the new type of credibility, immanent to the process of perceiving on-screen illusions that changes the psychology of a contemporary man.
LAZER CIDADÃO: VIVÊNCIAS DA CULTURA LÚDICA E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA INSERÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Teixeira Lilian Franciele , Mürmann Cinara Valency Enéas 
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta as ações e atividades realizadas no projeto de extensão: “Lazer cidadão: vivências da cultura lúdica e suas contribuições para inserção social” realizado pelo curso de Educação Física da URI – Santo Ângelo. O objetivo foi desenvolver atividades de lazer para crianças, adolescentes, jovens em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade social e idosos institucionalizados, através de vivências de atividades recreativas estimulando o gosto pelo lazer ativo visando a sua inserção social. Participaram 80 crianças, adolescentes/jovens de 6 a 12 anos e 18 idosas institucionalizados (acima de 60 anos) e aproximadamente 3000 pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias na Rua de Lazer. Foram realizadas atividades de recreação em três instituições, levando uma nova percepção sobre o mundo em que estão inseridos. Com a de atividades lúdicas estimulamos o gosto pela prática do lazer ativo, visando principalmente sua inserção social. Também foi realizada uma Rua de lazer envolvendo as instituições participantes foi aberto ao público e o objetivo foi realizar atividades de lazer e recreação visando mobilizar e informar a comunidade sobre a importância do lazer ativo. Dessa forma, acreditamos aproximar a Universidade e o Curso de Educação Física da comunidade, refirmando seu compromisso social, bem como fortalecer a linha de extensão.
Exposure to Electromagnetic Field during Gestation Adversely Affects the Electrophysiological Properties of Purkinje Cells in Rat Offspring
Authors: Haghani M , Pouladvand V , Mortazavi S. M. J , Razavinasab M , Bayat M , Shabani M 
Published: December 2019

Background: Prenatal adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on nervous system are a issue of major concern. Thus, in this study we evaluated the membrane current flow properties of Purkinje neurons after maternal exposure to 900 MHz pulsed RF-EMF.Methods: During all days of pregnancy, rats in the EMF-exposed group were exposed to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF radiation for 6 h per day. The effects of RF-EMF exposure on the electrophysiological properties of the Purkinje cerebellum neurons from male pups were evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current and voltage clamp modes. In voltage-clamp experiments, the holding potential was -60mV, and a depolarizing voltage step (1000ms duration) was applied from -60 to +50 mV in 10 mV increments at 2s intervals.Results: The exposure group demonstrated reduced spontaneous firing associated with upward and rightward shift in I/V curve compared to the control rats. Moreover, the peak amplitude of the current for the exposure pups also revealed a significant decrement. The reversal potential was +40 mV and +20 mV for the control and RF-EMF groups, respectively and showed significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: The decrease in ion's conductance could be attributed to the observed decrease in the voltage onset of the inward current, peak amplitude and voltage shift.
ANTIMICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM SILENE RUBELLA GROWING IN EGYPT
Authors: Hussein Ismail A. , Srivedavyasasri Radhakrishnan , El-Hela Atef A. , Mohammad Abd-elsalam I. , Ross Samir A. 
Published: December 2019

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of dried aerial part of Silene rubella led to the isolation of eighteen compounds (1 -18). The isolated compounds were identified by their NMR, and MS spectral data as ecdysterone (1), apigenin (2), diosmetin (3), kaempferol (4), luteolin (5), myricetin (6), quercetin (7), isovitexin (8), vicenin 2 (9) rutin (10), (R)-naringin & (S)-naringin (11 & 12), chlrogenic acid (13), betulinic acid (14), oleanolic acid (15), ursolic acid (16), D-pinitol (17), and spinasterol (18).This is the first report on isolation of chemical entities from this plant. Crude ethanolic extract of S. rubella, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with IC50 48.85 μg/mL. Oleanolic acid (15) exhibited good activity against E. coli with IC50 15.78 μg/mL. Oleanolic acid (15) and betulinic acid (14) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), with IC50 6.36 and 7.51 µg/mL, respectively.
Keywords: Silene rubella; antimicrobial; Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE); Escherichia coli (E. coli); Oleanolic acid; Betulinic acid
Cultural Models of Media City
Authors: Soloviev A. V. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The paper presents a cultural analysis of the main models of media city: technological, economic and socio-cultural, revealing its function as a stable socio-cultural system and focused on the aspects of the dominant culture. Particular attention is paid to the sociocultural model of a media city, which is most important for constructing a cultural theory of a media city.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on a culturalphilosophical analysis of the projects of futurologists, forecasters, designers, set out in cultural texts (articles, architectural projects, urban plans, etc.), cases of introducing media technologies into the urban environment and research literature.Results and discussion. The model of “media city” at the present stage is actively used by developers, governments, corporations in various variations and is fixed in the mass consciousness as a cultural form that associates development, success and prosperity with the use of media technologies in everyday urban life. All projects of a media city contain, to one degree or another, a description of its three main models – technological (based on the belief that media technologies can solve the most complex problems of the urban environment), economic (offering new economic models and solutions based on the analysis of the most diverse, as a rule, big data) and sociocultural (considering media technology as a key factor in improving the quality of life). Thus, the result of the study is the cultural-philosophical specificity of each of the models of the media city.Conclusion. The sociocultural model of a media city forms a new cultural and anthropological basis for a new urban culture – a culture based on the use of network media devices in everyday practices that affect almost every aspect of the life of a city dweller, and, first of all, his cultural communications and transactions, which comprise the cultural experience of an individual or what we call culture.
KEPATUHAN PRAKTISI TERAPI TRADISIONAL BEKAM TERHADAP STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL
Authors: Lestari Tri Wahyuni , Lusitawati Lusitawati , Afrilia Annisa Rizky , Suharyanto FX. , Prihartini Nita , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Siswoyo Hadi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT: WET CUPPING THERAPY PRACTITIONER AND STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURESBackground: Traditional wet cupping therapy is an invasive alternative therapy in the community. To ensure its safety, it is necessary to conduct research on the compliance of wet cupping practitioners against the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Purpose: To obtain an overview of the compliance of cupping therapy practitioners with the Standard Operating Procedure (PSO) in DKI Jakarta.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 30 wet cupping practitioners in the DKI Jakarta area who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of data collection is done by observing cupping practitioners, each of them 3 times to avoid bias behavior of respondents who deliberately do it because they are being observed. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically. Test the relationship between independent and dependent variables is done to determine the factors associated with compliance.Conclusion: The average value of compliance with cupping practitioners in the PBI member of DKI Jakarta against PSO is 81.47 percent. Factors related to the compliance of cupping therapy members of the Jakarta DKI Cupping Association (PBI) towards Standard Operating Procedure (PSO) there are 3 variables, namely the year passed the standardization test, facilities and supervision.Keywords: compliance, wet cupping, Standard Operating ProcedurePendahuluan: Terapi tradisional bekam merupakan terapi alternatif yang bersifat invasif yang ada di masyarakat. Untuk memastikan keamanannya maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kepatuhan para praktisi bekam terhadap Prosedur Standar Operasi (PSO).Tujuan: memperoleh gambaran kepatuhan para praktisi terapi bekam terhadap Standar Prosedur Operasional (PSO) di DKI Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional, dilakukan pada 30 orang praktisi bekam di wilayah DKI Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap praktisi bekam, masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali untuk menghindari bias perilaku responden yang sengaja dilakukan karena mengetahui sedang diamati. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik. Uji hubungan antar variabel independen dan dependen dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan.Simpulan: Nilai rata-rata kepatuhan praktisi bekam anggota PBI DKI Jakarta terhadap PSO yaitu 81,47 persen. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan praktisi terapi bekam anggota Perkumpulan Bekam Indonesia (PBI) DKI Jakarta terhadap Prosedur Standar Operasi (PSO) ada 3 variabel yaitu tahun lulus uji standardisasi, sarana prasarana dan supervisi.