bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of vision screening by community health workers at immunization outlets in Nigeria to support access to early visual evaluation in children aged 0–2 years
Authors: Ademola-Popoola Dupe S. , Olatunji Victoria A. , Obajolowo Tokunbo S. , Akande Tanimola M. , Mokuolu Olugbenga A. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
Routine eye examination in early life is not the practice in most resource-limited countries. Delay in the presentation for eye problems is typical. Community health officers are often consulted by caregivers for all health problems during routine immunization and well-baby clinics in primary healthcare for children aged 0–2 years. This study evaluated the value and limitation of interview, Bruckner red reflex test, and instrument vision screener by noneye care middle-level staff of rural and urban well-baby immunization clinics, in early detection and referral for childhood eye disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study. Middle-level community health workers (CHWs) working at well-baby/immunization clinics were trained to perform vision screening using interview of caregivers, red reflex eye examination with ophthalmoscope, and instrument vision screener (Welch Allyn SPOT™ Vision Screener) without mydriatic drugs during routine immunization of children aged 0–2 years. IRB approval was obtained.

RESULTS:
Over a 6-month period in 2017, the CHWs screened 5609 children. Overall, 628 (11.2%) patients were referred to the tertiary child eye care unit. Referred cases included cataract, glaucoma, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, ophthalmia neonatorum, retinoblastoma, and significant refractive errors. Referral from the interview of mothers was enhanced if specific questions to elicit visual function were asked. Bruckner red reflex test was more effective than instrument vision screener in the detection of cataract and life-threatening diseases such as retinoblastoma. Instrument vision screener was preferred by parents and better at detecting amblyopic risk factors.

CONCLUSION:
Preschool vision screening during routine immunization by primary healthcare workers in resource-limited settings was effective. Whenever instrument vision screener does not give any recommendation during screening, consider vision- or life-threatening pathology and refer.
Breast cancer knowledge and perception among health care professionals and senior medical students at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Pari Gul Jogezai  , Mahwash Mansoor  , Palwasha Gul  , Zara Arshad  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess knowledge and perception about different aspects of Breast Cancer among health care professionals at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta, Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from October to December 2017. A total of 312 health care workers including consultants (42), residents (85), medical officers (52), interns (45), nurses (48) and final year medical students (40) took part in the study. The study tool was a self-designed questionnaire with separate sections to assess the knowledge about risk factors, signs and symptoms, screening tools, breast self-examination (BSE), treatment and barriers in seeking medical advice.
Results: Participants had satisfactory knowledge about risk factors and signs of breast cancer but poor knowledge about association of breast cancer with menarche status, oral contraceptive pills and smoking. Majority was aware of mammography benefits and believed that breast cancer is curable with therapy. All perceived that cultural and socioeconomic barriers are the cause of late stage presentation. The nurses particularly were having misconceptions in knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and screening tools.
Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that knowledge related to breast cancer was average and highlighted the need for provision of continuing medical education programs to improve health practitioners' practice on cancer screening tools. Knowledge was particularly deficient regarding screening modalities and BSE method and timing. Special emphasis is needed to train nurses, so they could play an expanded role in breast cancer care.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Pakistan, Risk Factors, Awareness, Continuous...
A prospective evaluation of clinical and functional outcome of single bundle anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings autograft
Authors: Saeed Ahmed Shaikh  , Naveed Ahmed  , Salman Adil  , Allah Rakhio Jamali  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A case series was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from July 2016 to June 2018, to evaluate the functional and clinical outcome of arthroscopic anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstrings autograft. Patients aged 17 years and above with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries of duration three months or older, diagnosed on history and clinical examination and confirmed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging were prospectively recruited from outpatient department. Patients with multiligamentous injury were excluded. Information on patient’s demographics such as age, duration of injury and mechanism of injury were recorded. In addition, graft length and diameter, associated injuries of lateral or medical menisci were noted peroperatively. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. The functional outcomes were assessed thorough lysholm knee score, and Tegner activity scale.Continuous...
Risk factors for conversion to open surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single center experience
Authors: Sapmaz Ali , Serdar Karaca Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the demographic characteristics for laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries performed in the general surgery clinics of our hospital and to identify the rate of conversion to open surgery and the main reasons for convert to open surgery.
Material and Methods: Medical records of a total of 1.294 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital between October 2013 and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, and the rates of conversion to open surgery based on age groups were recorded.
Results: Of these patients, 1191 were females (92.0%) and 103 (7.9%) were males. Mean age was 48.6 ± 13.2 (range: 18 to 89) years. Indications for surgery were cholelithiasis in 1195 patients (92.4%), acute cholecystitis in 56 patients (4.4%), and gallbladder polyps in 43 patients (3.3%). The procedure was conversion to open surgery in 41 patients (3.16%), while 12 (0.9%) developed intraoperative complications. There was no mortality. Mean length of hospital stay was 1.2 (range: 1 to 6) days. The main reasons for conversation to open surgery were as follows: adhesions in the Calot’s triangle (n= 3), acute cholecystitis (n= 29), choledocholithiasis (n= 2), adhesions due to previous surgery (n= 1), dissection difficulty (n= 2), organ damage (n= 2), anatomic variation (n= 1), and stone expulsion (n= 1).
Conclusion: Acute cholecystitis appears to be the significant factor increasing the rate of conversation to open surgery during LC procedures. Male sex and older age are the other factors increasing the risk of con- vert to open surgery. However, LC should be still the first choice of intervention.
Human african trypanosomiasis: current standing and challenges
Authors: Theresa Holanda-Freitas Isabel , Do Carmo Cupertino Marli , C. dos Santos Elizária , Oliveira Lisa , Geller Mauro , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and transmitted by the tsetse fly (genus Glossina), affects 36 Sub-Saharan African countries with considerable public health impact. Despite approximately 15,000 infected individuals and 70 million at risk, in recent years the World Health Organization has mentioned removal of HAT from the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases by 2020, due to the decrease in cases over the last two decades. When untreated, the disease presents high lethality rates and the available treatments are complicated to administer, highly toxic, and do not guarantee cure, especially in the advanced stages of the disease. Further, there is no prospect for vaccine development in the near future. The present review compiles information on the history of the clinical aspects of HAT, as well as its epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis, as well as updating information on the current panorama and perspectives regarding the disease.KEY WORDS: African Trypanosomiasis; neglected diseases; Trypanosoma brucei.
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte 
Published: October 2020

Indhold: EL.Ae. Kunzen (1761-1817) • Dansk hofkapelmester 1795; Udstilling på Slotsholmen 10. nov. 1995-31. jan. 1996; Nye publikationer; Dania polyglotta 1993-1994; REX; Det kongelige Bibliotek var også i 1995 repræsenteret på Bogforum; Det kongelige Biblio­teks ( elektroniske) Bibliotek; erhvervelser; Udlån til udstillinger; Besøg; Personalia
Kronik og publikationer
Authors: Philipson Lotte 
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Bøger og bibliotek; Nem adgang til hele den engelske nationallitteratur for alle på Københavns Universitet; Early English Books Online (EEBO); Europeana er gået i luften; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; KulturPerler.kb.dk; Den Digitaliserede Kulturarv; Udstillinger; Foredragsrække; Oktogonen; Foredrag og debat; International forfatterscene; Musik; Erhvervelser; Publikationer;
Kronik og Publikationer
Authors: Philipson Lotte 
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Et sjældent indblik ind i Nephews maskinrum; Det Kongelige Bibliotek har indledt et unikt samarbejde med det danske rockorke­ster Nephew om at dokumentere bandets indspilningsproces; Danske noder til populærmusik er nu færdigregistreret; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Digitalisering af den danske nationallitteratur – ProQuest 17; Værk af Johan Svendsen online; Personlige visebøger: Indblik i tre unge mænds forestillingsverden; Dansk Folkemindesamling har åbnet en hjemmeside; Udstillinger; Foredrag; International forfatterscene; Salon i Diamanten; Har du rettighederne?; Bremser ophavsrettighederne kunst­ og kulturformidlingen?; Operaintroduktion; liT.house; Det Humanistiske Fakultetsbibliotek; CPH:LITT; Students only!; Musik; Publikationer;
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte 
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Dansk Ægyptologi -fra mystik til videnskab; Franz Werfel 1890 – 1945; Første danske CD-ROM; MAGNUS; EF-publikationer og udenlandske Danica i REX; Dania Polyglotta 1989; Plov og Pen. Festskrift til Svend Gissel; Udlån til udstillinger; Ottekantet montre i Forhallen; Erhvervelser; Besøg Fhv. kultur- og socialminister Mimi Stilling Jacobsen; Den belgiske ambassadør Erik Bal; Formand for Folketingets Kulturudvalg, Jimmy Stahr; Kulturminister Grethe Rostbøll; Personalia;
Collisional and resonance absorption of electromagnetic waves in a weakly collisional, inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab
Authors: Rawwagah F. , Al-Ali M. , Al-Khateeb A. , Bawa'aneh M. 
Published: October 2020

Absorbance of normally incident electromagnetic wave on a cold, weakly collisional, and inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab is investigated. The plasma density is Budden-like sinusoidal profile, where the inhomogeniety is treated as a multilayered system of homogeneous sub-cells within the transfer matrix technique. For incident wave frequencies much above the ion cyclotron frequency, only right hand circularly polarized waves are relevant for wave propagation parallel to a static magnetic field. Calculations are performed in normalized parameters, that make the results suitable for many applications including atmospheric and laboratory plasmas. The presence of the dc-magnetic field leads to the formation of two absorption bands explained by plasma collisional dissipation and electron cyclotron resonance in the low frequency branch of the $R$-wave below the electron cyclotron frequency. The transmittance shows the emergence of the low frequency electron cyclotron wave, which becomes a Whistler mode at very low frequency. More detailed discussion on the effect of plasma collisionality, inhomogeneity, and dc-magnetic field on the propagation characteristics is given at the relevant place within the body of the manuscript.
Selection of Alternaria Fungi Control Treatments in a Citrus Grove through the Lens of the Electre Technique: A Case Study in San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Authors: Landeta Juan Manuel Izar- , Molinar Raul Hernandez- 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of five control treatments (pesticides) for an Alternaria fungi variety in a citrus grove in Mexico.
Study Design: Field applications of pesticides were used to combat an infestation of the Alternaria fungus.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study took place in an orange citrus grove in Ciudad Fernandez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from October 2018 to August 2019.
Methodology: Field trials with five control treatments were applied to randomly selected rows of infected orange trees. The assessment of treatments was carried out using the multi-criteria decision method (MCDM) known as ELECTRE with six evaluation criteria: cost, effectiveness, toxicity (e.g., environmental impact), difficulty of preparation, ease of application, and expiration date.
Results: The results reveal that the best option to control the fungus of the Alternaria is the use of a biological product based on microorganisms, instead of standard options such as agrochemicals, or synthetic preparations known as “broths.” A sensitivity analysis reveals that the result may be affected by changing the weight of the criteria.
Conclusion: The best treatment is the biological product because it is the most effective treatment to control the fungi plague, it is not toxic or expensive, and it does not have a measurable impact on the environment. However, the results are sensitive to changes in the weight of the criteria.
TGFBI modulates tumour hypoxia and promotes breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Fico Flavia , Santamaria‐Martínez Albert 
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer metastasis is a complex process that depends not only on intrinsic characteristics of metastatic stem cells, but also on the particular microenvironment that supports their growth and modulates the plasticity of the system. In search for microenvironmental factors supporting cancer stem cell (CSC) growth and tumour progression to metastasis, we here investigated the role of the matricellular protein transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) in breast cancer. We crossed the MMTV‐PyMT model of mammary gland tumorigenesis with a TgfbiΔ/Δ mouse and studied the CSC content of the tumours. We performed RNAseq on wt and ko tumours, and analysed the tumour vasculature and the immune compartment by IHC and FACS. The source of TGFBI expression was determined by qPCR and by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Finally, we performed in silico analyses using the METABRIC cohort to assess the potential prognostic value of TGFBI. We observed that deletion of Tgfbi led to a dramatic decrease in CSC content and lung metastasis. Our results show that lack of TGFBI resulted in tumour vessel normalisation, with improved vessel perfusion and decreased hypoxia, a major factor controlling CSCs and metastasis. Furthermore, human data mining in a cohort of breast cancer patients showed that higher expression of TGFBI correlates with poor prognosis and is associated with the more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. Overall, these data reveal a novel biological mechanism controlling metastasis that could potentially be exploited to improve the efficacy and delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer.
Topological Interlocking and Geometric Stiffening as Complementary Strategies for Strong Plant Shells
Authors: Huss Jessica C. , Antreich Sebastian J. , Bachmayr Jakob , Xiao Nannan , Eder Michaela , Konnerth Johannes , Gierlinger Notburga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany organisms encapsulate their embryos in hard, protective shells. While birds and reptiles largely rely on mineralized shells, plants often develop highly robust lignocellulosic shells. Despite the abundance of hard plant shells, particularly nutshells, it remains unclear which fundamental properties drive their mechanical stability. This multiscale analysis of six prominent (nut)shells (pine, pistachio, walnut, pecan, hazelnut, and macadamia) reveals geometric and structural strengthening mechanisms on the cellular and macroscopic length scales. The strongest tissues, found in walnut and pistachio, exploit the topological interlocking of 3D‐puzzle cells and thereby outperform the fiber‐reinforced structure of macadamia under tensile and compressive loading. On the macroscopic scale, strengthening occurs via an increased shell thickness, spherical shape, small size, and a lack of extended sutures. These functional interrelations suggest that simple geometric modifications are a powerful and resource‐efficient strategy for plants to enhance the fracture resistance of entire shells and their tissues. Understanding the interplay between structure, geometry, and mechanics in hard plant shells provides new perspectives on the evolutionary diversification of hard seed coats, as well as insights for nutshell‐based material applications.
Examining Food Purchase Behavior and Food Values During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Ellison Brenna , McFadden Brandon , Rickard Bradley J. , Wilson Norbert L. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has altered conceptions of “normal” globally, including food purchasing and acquisition decisions. In this paper, we surveyed a panel of 1,370 U.S. households four times during the COVID‐19 pandemic from mid‐March to late April 2020. With this unique panel, we observe changes in food expenditures, shopping behaviors, and food values as the pandemic evolved. Our results reveal reductions in food‐away‐from‐home expenditures and increases in online grocery shopping. Food values appear to be fairly stable in the early stages of the pandemic; however, decreases in the importance of price and nutrition reveal tradeoffs households make during the pandemic.
Carnosine attenuates vascular smooth muscle cells calcification through mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Yi , Wang Jinli , Luo Mandi , Yan Dan , Zhang Cuntai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveVascular calcification is prevalent in the aging population, as we know that arterial calcification is associated with aging. Recent studies have demonstrated that carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide, performs the treatment of aging‐related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated the role of carnosine in a calcification model of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).MethodsIn this research, we used an in vitro model of VSMC calcification to investigate the role of carnosine in the progression of rat VSMC calcification.ResultsCarnosine treatment attenuated calcium deposition in a dose‐dependent manner, detected by Alizarin Red S staining and calcium content assay. Carnosine also reduced the protein level of Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further, carnosine inhibited the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.ConclusionCarnosine attenuated the VSMC calcification via inhibition of osteoblastic transdifferentiation and the mTOR signaling pathway.
The role of novel COQ8B mutations in glomerulopathy and related kidney defects
Authors: AbuMaziad Asmaa S. , Thaker Tarjani M. , Tomasiak Thomas M. , Chong Chyi Chyi , Galindo Maureen K. , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGlomerulopathies affect kidney glomeruli and can lead to end‐stage renal disease if untreated. Clinical and experimental evidence have identified numerous (>20) genetic mutations in the mitochondrial coenzyme Q8B protein (COQ8B) primarily associated with nephrotic syndrome. Yet, little else is understood about COQ8B activity in renal pathogenesis and its role in mitochondrial dysfunction. We identified additional novel COQ8B mutations in a glomerulopathy patient and aimed to define the potential structural and functional defects of COQ8B mutations.Design, Setting, Participants, and MeasurementsWhole exome sequencing was performed on a Hispanic female presenting with proteinuria. Novel mutations in the COQ8B gene were identified. The effects of mutation on protein function, mitochondrial morphology, and disease progression were investigated by histopathology, transmission electron microscopy, homology modeling, and in silico structural analysis.ResultsWe have characterized the pathophysiology of novel COQ8B mutations, compound heterozygous for two alterations c.1037T>G (p.I346S), and c.1560G>A (p.W520X), in the progression of proteinuria in a Hispanic female. Histopathology revealed defects in podocyte structure and mitochondrial morphology. In silico and computation analyses highlight possible structural origins of COQ8B dysfunction in the presence of mutations.ConclusionsNovel mutations in COQ8B present promising biomarkers for the early detection and therapeutic targeting of mitochondrial glomerulopathy. Insights from structural modeling suggest roles of mutation‐dependent alterations in COQ8B allosteric regulation, protein folding, or stability in renal pathogenesis.
Moyamoya syndrome in a child with Legius syndrome: Introducing a cerebral vasculopathy to the SPRED1 phenotype?
Authors: Pabst Lisa , Carroll Jennifer , Lo Warren , Truxal Kristen V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLegius syndrome is a disorder of the RAS and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway first described in 2007 by Eric Legius, et al., that has been considered a milder phenotype than reported in the RASopathy neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, with approximately 200 cases reported in the literature, the Legius syndrome phenotype remains to be fully characterized. We report a child who presented with moyamoya syndrome and who has Legius syndrome due to a pathogenic variant in SPRED1. Vascular complications such as moyamoya syndrome have been reported in NF1. However, this association has not been reported in Legius syndrome. This child’s case may represent an expansion of the clinical phenotype of Legius syndrome, and further study is needed. We emphasize the importance of obtaining neuroimaging studies in patients with Legius syndrome who present with new neurologic deficits.
Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Qin Jing‐Hao , Luo Mu‐Jia , An De‐Lie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA cobalt‐promoted electrochemical 1,2‐diarylation of alkenes with electron‐rich aromatic hydrocarbons via direct dual C−H functionalizations is described, which employs a radical relay strategy to produce polyaryl‐functionalized alkanes. Simply by using graphite rod cathode instead of platinum plate cathode, chemoselectivity of this radical relay strategy is shifted to the dehydrogenative [2+2+2] cycloaddition via 1,2‐diarylation, annulation, and dehydrogenation cascades leading to complex 11,12‐dihydroindolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles. Mechanistical studies indicate that a key step for the radical relay processes is transformations of the aromatic hydrocarbons to the aryl sp2‐hybridized carbon‐centered radicals via deprotonation of the corresponding aryl radical cation intermediates with bases.