bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid hydrogel based on stereocomplex PDLA/PLLA and gelatin for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Hecheng , Wang Enhui , Huang Yubin , Li Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural bone is a perfect combination of dense shell cortical bone and porous core spongiosa. Inspired by this gradient structure, we prepared a double‐layered hydrogel with stereocomplex PDLA‐PEG‐PDLA and PLLA‐PEG‐PLLA as the inner porous core and gelatin/nano hydroxyapitite as the outer strengthen shell. Crosslinking of gelatin with natural crosslinker genipin made the shell available for early supporting and the inner physical hydrogel facilitated new bone formation. Successful synthesis of PDLA‐PEG‐PDLA (or PLLA‐PEG‐PLLA) was confirmed by 1H NMR (stands for nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra. The procedure of composite scaffold was monitored with scanning electron microscopy and fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro test with mouse preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells found that the obtained hybrid hydrogels could improve cell adhesion, proliferation, calcium deposition, and upregulate osteogenesis‐related gene expression. Further in vivo experiment on rat calvarial defects also confirmed the capacity of the as‐prepared scaffold to accelerate new bone formation. The above data suggested that this core‐shell hydrogel helpful for nutrient transportation, bony bridging, and osteoconductivity. But how to control the degradation process of the hydrogel and match with new bone formation still remained challenging.
Multiagent therapy with pomalidomide, bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and daratumumab (“Pom‐PAD‐Dara”) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Steinhardt Maximilian J. , Grathwohl Denise , Meckel Katharina , Nickel Katharina , Leicht Hans‐Benno , Krummenast Franziska , Einsele Hermann , Rasche Leo , Kortüm Klaus M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEven in the era of novel immunotherapies for multiple myeloma (MM), treatment of late‐stage relapsed/refractory (RR) patients remains challenging. The aim of our study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of the five‐drug combination pomalidomide, bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and daratumumab (“Pom‐PAD‐Dara”) in RRMM.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of 56 patients with RRMM who received Pom‐PAD‐Dara between September 2016 and May 2019.ResultsPatients were heavily pretreated with a median of four prior lines of therapy, including autologous and allogenic stem cell transplant in 50 (89%) and six (11%) patients, respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) was 78% and we observed partial remission, very good partial remission, and complete remission in 27 (48%), 13 (23%) and four (7%) patients, respectively. Median progression‐free survival was 7 months (95% CI, 3.3‐10.7) and the median overall survival was not reached at 24 months. Adverse events grade ≥ 3 were observed 41 (73%) patients and included neutropenia (n = 28, 50%), anemia (n = 22, 39%), thrombocytopenia (n = 21, 38%), and pneumonia (n = 6, 11%).ConclusionPom‐PAD‐Dara represents a promising multiagent regimen in heavily pretreated RRMM patients with high ORR and an acceptable safety profile.
On the Structure and Chiral Aggregation of Liquid Crystalline Star‐Shaped Triazines H‐Bonded to Benzoic Acids
Authors: Feringán Beatriz , Cerdá Jesús , Diosdado Beatriz , Aragó Juan , Ortí Enrique , Giménez Raquel , Sierra Teresa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability of a star‐shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine derivative to hierarchically build supramolecular chiral columnar organizations through the formation of H‐bonded complexes with benzoic acids was studied from a theoretical and experimental point of view. The combined study has been done at three different levels including the study of the structure of the triazine core, the association with benzoic acids in stoichiometry 1:3, and the assembly of 1:3 complexes in helical aggregates. Although the star‐shaped triazine core crystallizes in a non‐C3 conformation, the C3‐symmetric conformation is theoretically predicted to be more stable and gives rise to a favorable C3 supramolecular 1:3 complex upon the interaction with three benzoic acids in their voids. In addition, calculations at different levels (DFT, PM7, and MM3) for the 1:3 host‐guest complex predict the formation of large stable columnar helical aggregates stabilized by the compact packing of the interstitial acids by π–π and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The acids restrict the movement of the the star‐shaped triazine cores along the stacking axis causing a template effect in the self‐assembly of the complex. Theoretical predictions correlate with experimental results, since the interaction with achiral or chiral 3,4,5‐(4‐alkoxybenzyloxy)benzoic acids gives rise to supramolecular complexes that organize in bulk hexagonal columnar mesophases stable at room temperature with intracolumnar order. The existence of supramolecular chirality in the mesophase was determined for complexes formed by acids derived from (S)‐2‐octanol. Chiral aggregation was also evidenced for complexes formed in dodecane.
Electron‐Transfer‐Induced Self‐Assembly of a Molecular Tweezer Platform
Authors: Thakur Khushabu , Wang Denan , Mirzaei Saber , Rathore Rajendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a new molecular tweezer (T‐tmp) with electron‐rich pincers are reported. The stable monocationic radicals and self‐assembled dimeric radicals of this molecular tweezer platform were prepared by chemical oxidative titration. With the aid of DFT calculations, it was found that the dimeric radicals with syn‐syn‐syn conformer has the most stable structure, with the hole primarily delocalized between parallel stacked pyrenyl groups.
Tuning the Cell Uptake and Subcellular Distribution in BODIPY–Carboranyl Dyads: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Labra‐Vázquez Pablo , Flores‐Cruz Ricardo , Galindo‐Hernández Aylin , Cabrera‐González Justo , Guzmán‐Cedillo Cristian , Jiménez‐Sánchez Arturo , Lacroix Pascal G. , Santillan Rosa , Farfán Norberto , Núñez Rosario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA set of BODIPY‐carboranyl dyads synthesized by a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction, where different C‐substituted ortho‐ and meta‐carboranyl fragments have been linked to a BODIPY fluorophore is described. Chemical, photophysical and physicochemical analyses are presented, including NMR and single XRD experiments, optical absorption/emission studies and partition coefficient (log P) measurements. These studies, supported by DFT computations (M06‐2X/6‐31G**), provide an explanation to the largely divergent cell income that these fluorescent carboranyl‐based fluorophores display, for which a structural or physicochemical explanation remains elusive. By studying the cell uptake efficiency and subcellular localization for our set of dyads on living HeLa cells, we tracked the origins of these differences to significant variations in their static dipole moments and partition coefficients, which tune their ability to interact with lipophilic microenvironments in cells. Remarkably, m‐carboranyl‐BODIPY derivatives with a higher lipophilicity are much better internalised by cells than their homologous with o‐carborane, suggesting that m‐isomers are potentially better theranostic agents for in vitro bioimaging and boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy.
Using Native Chemical Ligation for Site‐Specific Synthesis of Hetero‐bis‐lanthanide Peptide Conjugates: Application to Ratiometric Visible or Near‐Infrared Detection of Zn2+
Authors: Cepeda Céline , Raibaut Laurent , Fremy Guillaume , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Romieu Anthony , Pécaut Jacques , Boturyn Didier , Petoud Stéphane , Sénèque Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interest in ratiometric luminescent probes that detect and quantify a specific analyte is growing. Owing to their special luminescence properties, lanthanide(III) cations offer attractive opportunities for the design of dual‐color ratiometric probes. Here, the design principle of hetero‐bis‐lanthanide peptide conjugates by using native chemical ligation is described for perfect control of the localization of each lanthanide cation within the molecule. Two zinc‐responsive probes, r‐LZF1Tb|Cs124|Eu and r‐LZF1Eu|Cs124|Tb are described on the basis of a zinc finger peptide and two DOTA (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraaza‐cyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) complexes of terbium and europium. Both display dual‐color ratiometric emission in response to the presence of Zn2+. By using a screening approach, anthracene was identified for the sensitization of the luminescence of two near‐infrared‐emitting lanthanides, Yb3+ and Nd3+. Thus, two novel zinc‐responsive hetero‐bis‐lanthanide probes, r‐LZF3Yb|Anthra|Nd and r‐LZF3Nd|Anthra|Yb were assembled, the former offering a neat ratiometric response to Zn2+ with emission in the near‐infrared around 1000 nm, which is unprecedented.
A new image encryption algorithm based on optimized Lorenz chaotic system
Authors: Li Tu , Yan Wang , Chi Zhang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, an improved Lorenz system was constructed, in the first stage, a nonlinear term in general Lorenz system was replaced by the sum of term of exponential function and term of the square of single variable, then the dynamic characteristics of the improved Lorenz system were analyzed through the analysis on the phase diagrams and its Lyapunov exponents, and it is proved that the new system has good chaotic characteristics. In the second stage, to improve the security and anti‐attack ability of image encryption algorithm, a new image encryption algorithm was proposed based on this improved Lorenz chaotic system, which was used to generate two groups of key sequences which were used in scrambling encryption and alternative encryption. In the scrambling encryption stage, the gray values of image pixels were sorted in ascending order, and combining with the sequence of scrambled encryption key, the pixel position scrambling was realized. In the phase of the pixel value replacement encryption stage, the gray values of the pixels were changed by the method of cipher text feedback. In the third stage, the quantitative analysis of the effect of encryption was carried out by using histogram, information entropy, correlation coefficient of adjacent pixels. The experimental results show that the improved Lorenz formula is a nonlinear chaotic system, the encrypted algorithm based on this chaotic system can effectively resist chosen plaintext attack, in the encrypted image, the grey value shave random‐like distribution behavior and the adjacent pixels have zero correlation. The algorithm has a 299 bit key space and it is very sensitive to the key.
Relationship between oral function and mandibular anterior crowding in early mixed dentition
Authors: Ohno Yoma , Fujita Yuko , Ohno Keirato , Maki Kenshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe position of the dentition is considered to be determined by a combination of forces exerted by the perioral muscles and tongue. We hypothesized that mandibular anterior crowding may be related to abnormalities in the development of oral function. To determine the relationship between oral function and mandibular anterior crowding in early mixed dentition. A total of 61 children (30 boys, 31 girls) with early mixed dentition were included in this study. Height, body weight, maximum occlusal force, lip‐closing strength, and maximum tongue pressure were measured in all participants, and their dental casts and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Little's irregularity index (LII), evaluated by dental casts, was used as an indicator of mandibular anterior crowding. Maximum occlusal force and lip‐closing strength were not significantly correlated with the LII, although they were positively correlated with maximum tongue pressure, mandibular intercanine perimeter distance, and upper central incisor (U1)‐to‐NL angle (p < .05). Maximum tongue pressure was negatively correlated with LII (p < .05). Maximum tongue pressure and LII were significantly positively correlated with the mandibular intercanine perimeter distance and U1/NL angle, and negatively correlated with the interincisal angle (p < .05 for all). Crowding of the mandibular anterior teeth was directly correlated with tongue pressure function and indirectly correlated with maximum occlusal force and lip‐closing strength.
Assessing biotic and abiotic effects on forest productivity in three temperate forests
Authors: Yue Qingmin , Hao Minhui , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Chunyu , von Gadow Klaus , Zhao Xiuhai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

It is well understood that biotic and abiotic variables influence forest productivity. However, in regard to temperate forests, the relative contributions of the aforementioned drivers to biomass demographic processes (i.e., the growth rates of the survivors and recruits) have not received a great deal of attention. Thus, this study focused on the identification of the relative influencing effects of biotic and abiotic variables in the demographic biomass processes of temperate forests.

This study was conducted in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, in northeastern China. Based on the observational data collected from three 5.2‐hectare forest plots, the annual above‐ground biomass (AGB) increment (productivity) of the surviving trees, recruits, and the total tree community (survivors + recruits) were estimated. Then, the changes in the forest productivity in response to biotic variables (including species diversity, structural diversity, and density variables) along with abiotic variables (including topographic and soil variables) were evaluated using linear mixed‐effect models.

This study determined that the biotic variables regulated the variabilities in productivity. Density variables were the most critical drivers of the annual AGB increments of the surviving trees and total tree community. Structural diversity enhanced the annual AGB increments of the recruits, but diminished the annual AGB increments of the surviving trees and the total tree community. Species diversity and abiotic variables did not have impacts on the productivity in the examined forest plots.

The results highlighted the important roles of forest density and structural diversity in the biomass demographic processes of temperate forests. The surviving and recruit trees were found to respond differently to the biotic variables, which suggested that the asymmetric competition had shaped the productivity dynamics in forests. Therefore, the findings emphasized the need to consider the demographic processes of forest productivity to better understand the functions of forests.
Characterizing pain flares in adolescent inflammatory and non‐inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders: A qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological approach
Authors: Khanom Sonia , McDonagh Janet E. , Briggs Michelle , McBeth John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with musculoskeletal disorders experience acute exacerbations in pain, colloquially called “pain flares” in adult literature. This study aimed to explore adolescents' lived experience of pain flares, including what pain flares are, why they occur, how they are managed and what lasting effects they have on adolescents.MethodsA sample of 10 adolescents diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis or chronic idiopathic pain syndrome were recruited from a tertiary hospital in the UK. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and visual aids, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFour broad themes were identified which describe as a journey of change from participants: (a) daily life with pain, where adolescents report a level of pain that is “normal” for them which they can tolerate and continue their daily routines around; (b) pre‐flare period, where adolescents begin to notice pain increasing beyond normal levels and employ preventative strategies to reduce the risk of symptoms developing into a flare; (c) flare period, where adolescents describe the symptoms, frequency, duration, impact and their attempts to manage flares; to their (d) post‐flare period, where symptoms begin to return to baseline levels and adolescents take actions to regain the level of normality experienced in daily life.ConclusionThis study has identified a number of components of the pain flare experience. Findings show that pain flares are more than an increase in pain intensity; they are multi‐layered and require other features to change. These findings help to differentiate pain flares from typical fluctuations in pain.
Expression of recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein by endogenous Txnip promoter in stable transgenic CHO cells
Authors: Feng Lei , Chen Li , Yun Junwen , Cao Xinglin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the main immunogen that could stimulate neutralized antibody in pigs, recombinant E2 protein of CSFV was expressed in CHO‐dhfr−cells driven by endogenous Txnip promoter from Chinese hamster. Different fragments of Txnip promoter were amplified by PCR from isolated genomic DNA of CHO cells and cloned into different expression vectors. Compared with CMV promoter, CHO‐pTxnip‐4‐rE2 (F12) cell clone with the highest yield of rE2 protein was established by random insertion of the expression cassette driven by 860 bp sequences of Txnip promoter. In combination with treatment of 800 nM MTX for copy amplification of inserted expression cassette, the dynamic expression profile of rE2 protein was observed. Then inducible expression strategy of balance between viable cell density and product yield was conducted by mixed addition of 0.1 mM NADH and 0.1 mM ATP in culture medium at day 3 of batch‐wise culture. It could be concluded that Txnip promoter would be a promising alternative promoter for recombinant antigen protein expression in transgenic cells.
The lateral and vertical growth of laterite weathering profiles, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Authors: Nelson S.T. , Barton B. , Burnett M.W. , McBride J.H. , Brown L. , Spring I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Hawaiian Islands permit investigation of tropical chemical weathering rates and processes on a single rock type, basalt. Chronosequences are investigated as a function of rainfall due to the varying age of each island, including Kauai (~4 Ma), Oahu (~2 Ma), and Hawaii's Kohala Peninsula (~0.3 to 0.17 Ma). Understanding tropical critical zone (CZ) development is vital given the large populations in developing countries that rely on it.HVSR (horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio) seismic soundings on Kauai indicate that ~60% of the variability in laterite thickness is due to gradients in precipitation, with errors in erosion corrections and variability in the original permeability structure of the volcanic sequence playing important roles. Basalts have higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kh > Kv), and local variability in
likely drives much of the remaining differences in laterite thickness.HVSR is well suited for estimating laterite thickness as it has been shown to reliably detect the base of the weathering profile, is rapid (20 min/sounding), highly portable, and occupies a very small footprint.Comparison of Kauai and Oahu weathering profiles suggests that the Oahu laterites are fully or nearly fully formed, despite being half the age of Kauai. By contrast, the young laterites on Kohala (~170 to ~300 ka) exhibit greatly contrasting thicknesses, where coastal laterites are thick and interior laterites are thin, suggesting that early weathering on shield volcanoes produces wedge‐shaped laterites near the coast.With time, the thick (coastal) end of the wedge propagates upslope such that a fully developed, constant‐thickness laterite carapace can form in ~2 Ma or less. The development of thickened coastal laterites on young substrates depends on greater water–rock ratios as vertically infiltrating water upslope is diverted laterally. This view of laterite development is very different compared to endmember models of continental weathering and CZ development. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Falling through the cracks”; Stakeholders' views around the concept and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and their understanding of dementia prevention
Authors: Poppe Michaela , Mansour Hassan , Rapaport Penny , Palomo Marina , Burton Alexandra , Morgan‐Trimmer Sarah , Carter Christine , Roche Moïse , Higgs Paul , Walker Zuzana , Aguirre Elisa , Bass Nicholas , Huntley Jonathan , Wenborn Jennifer , Cooper Claudia 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesMany people live with an awareness of mild cognitive changes that increase their dementia risk. Previous authors describe the uncertainties of this liminal state, between cognitive health and dementia, where being “at risk” can itself be an illness. We ask how services respond to people with memory concerns currently, and how a future, effective and inclusive dementia prevention intervention might be structured for people with memory concerns.Methods/DesignWe conducted qualitative interviews with 18 people aged 60+ years with subjective or objective memory problems, six family members, 10 health and social care professionals and 11 third sector workers. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) acknowledging the liminal state, compounded by current, discordant health service responses: medicalising memory concerns yet situating responsibilities for their management with patients and families; (2) enabling change in challenging contexts of physical and cognitive frailty and social disengagement and (3) building on existing values, cultures and routines.ConclusionsEffective dementia prevention must empower individuals to make lifestyle changes within challenging contexts. Programmes must be evidence based yet sufficiently flexible to allow new activities to be fitted into people's current lives; and mindful of the risks of pathologising memory concerns. Most current memory services are neither commissioned, financially or clinically resourced to support people with memory concerns without dementia. Effective, large scale dementia prevention will require a broad societal response.
“Central Road” cystoscopic finding: The road to worsened incontinence following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Yoshimura Yasukuni , Narushima Masahiro , Suzuki Shoji , Hattori Ryohei 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThis paper presents the “Central Road” cystoscopic finding accompanied by magnified mixed urinary incontinence following laparoscopic sacrocolopopexy.Case presentationA 70‐year‐old female experienced severe mixed urinary incontinence upon completing laparoscopic sacrocolopopexy. The cystoscopy showed a cord‐like appearance in the center of the bladder trigon and posterior wall. Videourodynamics confirmed stress urinary incontinence, and chain cystourethrography indicated that the proximal urethra was open and the posterior vesicourethral angle was atypically widened. After implanting a midurethral sling, mixed urinary incontinence was cured subjectively and objectively without medication.ConclusionThe “Central Road” cystoscopic finding can be a signpost pointing to laparoscopic sacrocolopopexy mesh overtensioning, which can cause dekinking of the bladder neck, exacerbate stress urinary incontinence, and possibly lead to stress‐induced instability. A midurethral sling successfully relieved mixed urinary incontinence in this case, but it might be necessary to loosen the laparoscopic sacrocolopopexy mesh in some other cases.