bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecotourism Development in Bangka Islands: An Exploratory Study on Participation and Expectations of Local Stakeholders
Authors: Ibrahim I , Zukhri N , Rendy R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParticipation and expectations in the discourse of local ecotourism development are important and strategic aspects that need to be seriously addressed and managed. Both have close relation in the succession of local ecotourism. Bangka Belitung Islands in recent years has continued to make various efforts to optimize various local ecotourism development and development spaces, particularly in the context of preparing post-tin economy. Of course there are so many challenges and issues related to the process of local socio-economic transformation on the island of Bangka, especially the transition from the era of extractivism to tourism. In the midst of stretching the local government that continues to initiate and optimize various destinations and attractions that are quite potential and varied on Bangka Island, it is necessary to design policies that also address from various views, criticisms, aspirations and constructive input, both from the public, the government, local ecotourism actors and stakeholders. Based from this context, this study seeks to explore in depth related to the reality of participation and expectations that have surfaced at the local ecotourism level so far. This study in turn also aims to examine critically related various input, ideas, and narrative-constructive notes in the flow of local ecotourism management. Through a qualitative analysis method with an in-depth and structured interview approach, and strengthened by in-depth observations in the field, this study concludes that the context of participation and coordination among stakeholders has begun to develop, but it still seems to be not optimal because it tends to 'run' individually. This research also concludes that at least an important problem that arises is the unequal context of inter-regional ecotourism development in accordance with the varied potential of each region. In addition, there are weaknesses in terms of infrastructure and ecotourism infrastructure and access to transportation that is still limited or not sufficient enough for high tourist mobility. Furthermore, there are still some weaknesses related to governance and optimizing the potential for local ecotourism, both physical and non-physical aspects, which in fact require serious attention and cooperation through integrative commitments and interwoven strategic alliances, both by local governments, ecotourism actors, mass media, and all tourism stakeholders on Bangka Island.
Birefringence and Polarization Mode Dispersion Phenomena of Commercial Optical Fiber in Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Saktioto  , Zairmi Yoli , Veriyanti Velia , Candra Wahyu , Syahputra Romi Fadli , Soerbakti Yan , Asyana Vepy , Irawan Dedi , Okfalisa  , Hairi Haryana , Hussein Nor Azman , Syamsudhuha  , Anita Sofia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of optical fibers from attenuation and absorption of fiber material for efficiency and quality has produced several positive results. However, several natural negative factors and environmental errors cause problems such as birefringence and dispersion mode variations. This article therefore proposed a simulation of birefringence and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) to investigate the emergence of interference and efforts towards finding a solution to the problem of optical fiber. Moreover, a single-mode fiber was investigated at the core refractive index and cladded with a core radius and fixed sample for a wavelength of infrared regimes. The performance of fibers was also evaluated through the determination of the PMD value of the fibers. The simulation results showed the difference observed in birefringence produced the power affecting the output. Meanwhile, the PMD also produced the light waves discovered to be experiencing widening pulses in the cladding.
Optimal minimum time control for a direct current motor using bang-bang control
Authors: Ramírez Vanegas C A , Montoya O D , Rivas-Trujillo E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The calculation of variations initially it was a technique that was born in the field of physics and its great contributions have been taken advantage of by the engineering sciences in problems that involve finding a minimum trajectory that minimizes time, energy among other variables of interest. The following document will show how to find an optimal control law in order to minimize the time to bring the system that in this case is a direct current motor from a known initial state to a desired final state, using the Bang-control technique. Bang In direct current motor, the variables to be controlled are the field current, the input voltage and the angular velocity developed by the motor. For all the above, the control technique is not only innovative but also useful and practical for energy systems.
Finite difference method applied to heat transfer in polymers
Authors: Nolasco C , Afanador Garcia N , Guerrero Garcia G 
Published: November 2020

Absatract
The study of efficient solution methods for mathematical models from physics is important for the purpose of making predictions. In the study of the equations of mathematical physics, the heat equation has an important place. Techniques for studying heat transfer include topics such as Fourier analysis, Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials, etc. Throughout this article we will study the heat equation from the point of view of calculating its solutions. For this reason, the solution of the heat equation is proposed by the Fourier method and the explicit numerical method. In the last part of the article studies the accuracy of the numerical method in relation to heat transfer in a spherical polymer and raises the advantage of working with numerical methods to solve mathematical models derived from conservative laws.
Control by second order sliding modes for a double-fed induction generator for a wind turbine
Authors: C Ramírez V , González Granada J R , Montoya O D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of electrical energy in the world has increased, increasing the construction of power plants that operate with fossil fuels, which emit a large amount of CO2. Due to this polluting process, it is important to generate efficient alternatives. In this work the model of the double-feed induction generator for a wind turbine is exposed, to which the control by second order sliding modes will be applied to its state variables and these results will be compared with the classic proportional-integral-derivative technique of control. In this work it was found that the responses of the system with a second order sliding mode control compared to a control of the proportional-integral-derivative type, have a shorter establishment time and a slower behavior over time; in some cases the waveforms of the signals have a vibration effect at the moment of the response, but despite this, the response is not affected due to the wind speed to which the turbine is subjected, and reduces quickly system error at any instant of time. Whereas with a proportional-integral-derivative controller, some state variables can be highly dependent on wind speed.
Nanotechnological applications of polymer-drug conjugate as oncological treatment
Authors: Paipa-Álvarez H O , Medina-Delgado B , Palacios Alvarado W 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the popular term “polymer-drug conjugate” has been introduced to describe new drug targets to combat diseases such as cancer. Due to its potential benefits in terms of human health, this concept has managed to gain attention in the pharmaceutical industry. These innovative developments involve detailed processes in materials science, as it is required to encapsulate different types of cells, as an active component within a material that releases the drug or conjugate directly on the tumor or in the affected area. Against this backdrop, the main objective of this work is to explore the state of participation of polymeric materials in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, in a context where recent cancer statistics are provided in some countries. From the review of the literature, it is evident the importance of the synthesis of new materials or polymeric conjugates, because these materials at the beginning have been used only as storage and delivery systems of drugs, but today they are used as direct treatment against diseases such as cancer, that is, as bioactive agents. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the conjugated polymer-proteins or polymer-drugs, currently on the market and others in the clinical research phase, these materials present physical properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, that is, compatibility with the living organism.
Current climate conditions and their impact on agricultural production in Stavropol Krai
Authors: Savinova S V , Loshakov A V , Bratkov V V , Lomakin G V , Ivanova N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stavropol Krai is located within Ciscaucasia and has an area of 6,616 thousand ha. Massive utilization of the territory, associated with the increased man-induced impact on the environment, caused the aggravation of negative processes in the agroecosystems of the region. Throughout all agroclimatic zones of the region, air temperature tends to increase, which is illustrated by both linear and polynomial trends. In 2010 there was also a rise in air temperature. A warmer spell, notably during the effective vegetation period, led to the precipitation falling in the form of short-term intense showers that generally contribute to erosion advancing. Given the prior climate conditions, the studies resulted in the arrangement of cultivated land, based on its agricultural validity, into four categories in hectares and percent of the area of agricultural land.
Ecological bioindication-based zoning of the urbanized area in arid conditions
Authors: Staselko E A , Sangadzhieva S A , Germasheva Y S , Baryshev A V , Nidyulin V N , Mushaeva K B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the most important problems is the study and conservation of biological diversity of our planet. The study of the flora species composition of any territory is the basis for the botanical and ecological research. One of the ways to control the environment is environmental monitoring. Fungi bacteria, complex symbiotic associations which include lichens, can be indicators of the state of the environment and its components. When predicting the state of the environment, especially air, representatives of lichen biota are widely used: species composition, distribution of lichens in cities, industrial centers, regions and states. Registration of indicators of lichen biota is part of the observation program of many stations of the global environmental monitoring network. It is important to study lichens in areas subject to the excessive economic impact, which includes Kalmykia.
Numerical simulation of the preparation of a compounded oil pitch with reduced carcinogenic activity
Authors: Kolosov A D , Gorovoy V O , Kondrat’ev V V , Doshlov O I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a numerical simulation of the preparation of a compounded oil pitch, which, in addition to high technological parameters, has high environmental indicators. Environmental friendliness is ensured by the low content of harmful impurities, including carcinogenic benzo (a) pyrene.
Low-temperature deposition and hardness enhancement of α-(Al,Cr)2O3 films by reactive high power pulsed magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cheng Yitian , Chu Chenglin , Zhou Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a method to grow corundum structure thin films of α-(Al,Cr)2O3 in a High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering (HPPMS) system. The films were characterized by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoindentation. The results indicate that stoichiometric α-(Al,Cr)2O3 film could be deposited at 540 °C without the formation of other metastable phases. The stable process of the magnetron sputtering ensures the smooth and compact surface of the film composed of nano-scale particles. The Cr in films can induce the formation of solid solution and enhance the mechanical property of the films. The hardness of the α-(Al,Cr)2O3 was calculated as ∼25.6 GPa, which is much higher than that of the film deposited using the Al target. These results are considered have positive effect on the low-cost depositing α-phase alumina films on high speed steel substrates as cutting tools.
Rapid prototyping of microwave metasurfaces by ink-jet printing on polyester (PET) transparencies
Authors: Grbovic Dragoslav , Alves Fabio D , Mattish Richard , Lee Dongil , Han Jin-Woo , Meyyappan M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microwave metasurfaces have been developing rapidly for various applications, typically fabricated on rigid substrates such as silicon and printed circuit board using conventional microfabrication and related techniques. Rapid prototyping and production is desirable for quick design changes, design flexibility for different applications, manufacturing and low cost. Here, we report on the production of microwave metasurfaces using inkjet-printed Ag conductive patterns on polyester sheets as transparent and flexible substrates. The design is shown to be easily reconfigurable between single-band absorption achieved with a single layer of metal array pattern and multi-band absorption achieved either by stacking various single-band sheets or by printing a complex pattern on a single sheet. The dielectric thickness is varied by the simple addition of blank polyester sheets between the sheet with the printed pattern and the ground plane. Optimal dielectric thickness for each combination of materials and geometries defining the metasurface has been achieved by varying the number of blank sheets to maximize the absorption to near perfect levels in each case. This method is amenable for rapidly producing narrowband and broadband metasurfaces for various applications.
Phase diagrams of simple models of colloidal nanocrystals in two dimensions
Authors: Padilla Luis A , Ramírez-Hernández Abelardo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals at interfaces provides a bottom-up approach to create functional materials for developing next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices and sensors. In this work, we report phase diagrams of simple models of colloidal nanocrystals confined at a flat interface. By performing extensive computer simulations we elucidate the mesoscale organization that takes place as different parameters are varied. Our simulation results uncover rich phase diagrams where hexagonal, rhomboid, honeycomb and stripe phases as well as hierarchical self-assembly are found. Our results could serve as a guideline for experimentalists to design colloidal nanocrystal arrangements to target specific applications.
Watch and learn—a generalized approach for transferrable learning in deep neural networks via physical principles
Authors: Sprague Kyle , Carrasquilla Juan , Whitelam Stephen , Tamblyn Isaac 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transfer learning refers to the use of knowledge gained while solving a machine learning task and applying it to the solution of a closely related problem. Such an approach has enabled scientific breakthroughs in computer vision and natural language processing where the weights learned in state-of-the-art models can be used to initialize models for other tasks which dramatically improve their performance and save computational time. Here we demonstrate an unsupervised learning approach augmented with basic physical principles that achieves fully transferrable learning for problems in statistical physics across different physical regimes. By coupling a sequence model based on a recurrent neural network to an extensive deep neural network, we are able to learn the equilibrium probability distributions and inter-particle interaction models of classical statistical mechanical systems. Our approach, distribution-consistent learning, DCL, is a general strategy that works for a variety of canonical statistical mechanical models (Ising and Potts) as well as disordered interaction potentials. Using data collected from a single set of observation conditions, DCL successfully extrapolates across all temperatures, thermodynamic phases, and can be applied to different length-scales. This constitutes a fully transferrable physics-based learning in a generalizable approach.
Online accelerator optimization with a machine learning-based stochastic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Minghao , Huang Xiaobiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Online optimization is critical for realizing the design performance of accelerators. Highly efficient stochastic optimization algorithms are needed for many online accelerator optimization problems in order to find the global optimum in the non-linear, coupled parameter space. In this study, we propose to use the multi-generation Gaussian process optimizer for online accelerator optimization and demonstrate that the algorithm is significantly more efficient than other stochastic algorithms that are commonly used in the accelerator community.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles of various shapes under different reaction conditions
Authors: Mohan Sonima , Vellakkat Mini , Aravind Arun , U Reka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method under different conditions and studied various properties. FTIR studies proved the presence of ZnO bonding and purity of the samples. Grain size was found to be decreased with the increase of reaction temperature and increased with reaction time. TEM images show formation of nanorods under same reaction temperature, also nanoflowers and nanospheres for different temperatures. Intensity of luminescence peaks is found to be changed with variation in interplanar spacing. UV–vis spectra helped to identify the increased photon absorption in particles of bigger size. Change in bandgap value is also observed due to the difference in size of nanoparticles.
Feasibility of a Music System Intervention to Affect Mental Stress and Strain of Employees in Inpatient Dementia Care
Authors: Ibenthal Elisabeth , Kehmann Maximilian , Backhaus Claus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
If family caregivers participate with people with dementia in group music therapies, their mental stress can be reduced. The interventions investigated this context are often limited to active music therapies in groups, which do not consider the inclusion of formal caregivers. In the presented study, a music system was implemented in the routine nursing care of a dementia residential community. Aiming to investigate the use and the effects of the music system on employees’ mental stress and strain, hypotheses were derived, which, for the first time, qualitatively describe this connection.

Methods
A controlled feasibility study with pretests and posttests was conducted. Two residential areas of an inpatient care facility for people with dementia participated as an intervention and control groups—these included 28 residents and 18 employees. In the intervention phase, the employees of the intervention group used the music systems during nursing activities and the operations were saved in log files. Mental stress and strain were recorded six times using the BGWmiab questionnaire. In the questionnaire part on mental stress, typical stress factors were assessed, while the part on mental strain records the extent of seven typical symptoms of overstrain.

Results
The music systems were used 1.6 (±1.3) times per day and per resident, dependent on the residents (P &lt; 0.05, n = 13). Changes in total mental stress and strain scores could not be determined. Regarding the strain symptoms, scores of work motivation, fatigue, and aversions decreased. Seventy-one percent of the employees stated an improved daily work routine. The strain changes in employees of the intervention group correlated significantly with their work experience (r = 0.73, P = 0.04, n = 8).

Conclusions
Eight hypotheses on the usage and effect of music systems were generated. These did not represent an additional stress factor and affected single strain symptoms. In addition, the study highlighted a positive impact that the music systems had on the employees’ perception of stress. This is the first time that the positive effects of receptive music interventions on mental stress and strain of formal caregivers are described. Further investigations with an increased frequency of use of the music systems should validate and specify the findings and hypotheses.
Agent-based modeling reveals benefits of heterogeneous and stochastic cell populations during cGAS-mediated IFNβ production
Authors: Gregg Robert W , Shabnam Fathima , Shoemaker Jason E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The cGAS pathway is a component of the innate immune system responsible for the detection of pathogenic DNA and upregulation of interferon beta (IFNβ). Experimental evidence shows that IFNβ signaling occurs in highly heterogeneous cells and is stochastic in nature; however, the benefits of these attributes remain unclear. To investigate how stochasticity and heterogeneity affect IFNβ production, an agent-based model is developed to simulate both DNA transfection and viral infection.

Results
We show that heterogeneity can enhance IFNβ responses during infection. Furthermore, by varying the degree of IFNβ stochasticity, we find that only a percentage of cells (20–30%) need to respond during infection. Going beyond this range provides no additional protection against cell death or reduction of viral load. Overall, these simulations suggest that heterogeneity and stochasticity are important for moderating immune potency while minimizing cell death during infection.

Availability and implementation
Model repository is available at: https://github.com/ImmuSystems-Lab/AgentBasedModel-cGASPathway.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Paradoxical lesions, plasticity and active inference
Authors: Sajid Noor , Parr Thomas , Gajardo-Vidal Andrea , Price Cathy J , Friston Karl J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Paradoxical lesions are secondary brain lesions that ameliorate functional deficits caused by the initial insult. This effect has been explained in several ways; particularly by the reduction of functional inhibition, or by increases in the excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic balance within perilesional tissue. In this article, we simulate how and when a modification of the excitatory–inhibitory balance triggers the reversal of a functional deficit caused by a primary lesion. For this, we introduce in-silico lesions to an active inference model of auditory word repetition. The first in-silico lesion simulated damage to the extrinsic (between regions) connectivity causing a functional deficit that did not fully resolve over 100 trials of a word repetition task. The second lesion was implemented in the intrinsic (within region) connectivity, compromising the model’s ability to rebalance excitatory–inhibitory connections during learning. We found that when the second lesion was mild, there was an increase in experience-dependent plasticity that enhanced performance relative to a single lesion. This paradoxical lesion effect disappeared when the second lesion was more severe because plasticity-related changes were disproportionately amplified in the intrinsic connectivity, relative to lesioned extrinsic connections. Finally, this framework was used to predict the physiological correlates of paradoxical lesions. This formal approach provides new insights into the computational and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow some patients to recover after large or multiple lesions.