bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional analyses of the PPIase domain ofArabidopsis thalianaCYP71 reveal its catalytic activity toward histone H3
Authors: Lakhanpal Smarth , Fan Jing‐Song , Luan Sheng , Swaminathan Kunchithapadam 
Published: October 2020

Arabidopsis thalianaCYP71 (AtCYP71) is a chromatin‐remodeling protein that promotes shoot apical meristem (SAM) differentiation. The N terminus of AtCYP71 contains a noncanonical WD domain, and the C terminus contains an enzymatic peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase (PPIase) cyclophilin (CYP) domain. To date, there has been no characterization of CYP71, and its mode of action remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the CYP domain of AtCYP71 at 1.9 Å resolution. The structure shows key differences when compared to the canonical CYP fold of human CypA. To the best our knowledge, this is the firstA. thalianaCYP structure with a conserved active site loop. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the CYP domain is active toward histone H3. Our findings suggest that the PPIase activity of the CYP domain is important for the function of AtCYP71 in chromatin remodeling during organogenesis.
Dietary patterns and the neoplastic‐prone tissue landscape of old age
Authors: Marongiu Fabio , Laconi Ezio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is now sufficient evidence to indicate that aging is associated with the emergence of a clonogenic and neoplastic‐prone tissue landscape, which fuels early stages of cancer development and helps explaining the rise in cancer incidence and mortality in older individuals. Dietary interventions are among the most effective approaches to delay aging and age‐related diseases, including cancer. Reduced caloric intake has been, historically, the most intensely investigated strategy. Recent findings point to a critical role of a long fasting interval in mediating some of the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. Time‐restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, and fasting mimicking diets are being proposed for their potential to prolong healthy life span and to delay late‐onset diseases such as neoplasia. Evidence will be discussed suggesting that the effects of these dietary regimens are mediated, at least in part, through retardation of age‐related functional changes at cell and tissue level, including a delay in the emergence of the neoplastic‐prone tissue microenvironment.
Portal dosimetry scripting application programming interface (PDSAPI) for Winston‐Lutz test employing ceramic balls
Authors: Hao Yao , Schmidt Matthew C. , Wu Yu , Knutson Nels C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments require a high degree of accuracy. Mechanical, imaging, and radiation isocenter coincidence is especially important. As a common method, the Winston‐Lutz (WL) test plays an important role. However, weekly or daily WL test can be very time consuming. We developed novel methods using Portal Dosimetry Scripting Application Programming Interface (PDSAPI) to facilitate the test as well as documentation.MethodsWinston‐Lutz PDSAPI was developed and tested on our routine weekly WL imaging. The results were compared against two commercially available software RIT (Radiological Imaging Technology, Colorado Springs, CO) and DoseLab (Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, CA). Two manual methods that served as ground truth were used to verify PDSAPI results. Twenty WL test image data sets (10 fields per tests, and 200 images in total) were analyzed by these five methods in this report.ResultsMore than 99.5% of WL PDSAPI 1D shifts agreed with each of four other methods within ±0.33 mm, which is roughly the pixel width of a‐Si 1200 portal imager when source to imager distance (SID) is at 100 cm. 1D shifts agreement for ±0.22 mm and 0.11 mm were 96% and 63%, respectively. Same trend was observed for 2D displacement.ConclusionsWinston‐Lutz PDSAPI delivers similar accuracy as two commercial applications for WL test. This new application can save time spent transferring data and has the potential to implement daily WL test with reasonable test time. It also provides the data storage capability, and enables easy access to imaging and shift data.
Visual search for drowning swimmers: Investigating the impact of lifeguarding experience
Authors: Laxton Victoria , Crundall David , Guest Duncan , Howard Christina J. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHow does domain expertise influence dynamic visual search? Previous studies of visual search often use abstract search arrays that are devoid of applied context, with comparatively few studies exploring applied naturalistic and dynamic settings. The current research adds to this literature by examining lifeguard drowning‐detection across two studies using naturalistic, dynamic search tasks. Behavioural responses and eye‐movement data were recorded as participants watched staged video clips and attempted to identify if a swimmer was drowning. The results demonstrate lifeguard superiority in response times to drowning events, compared to non‐lifeguards. No differences between lifeguard and non‐lifeguard eye‐movements were noted however. This suggests that the experiential benefit in response times results from other underlying processes, rather than any scanning benefits. This research highlights the complex nature of naturalistic and dynamic searches, while demonstrating the robust nature of simulated videos in producing experience effects in visual search.
Comorbidities Before and After the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Matched Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tatangelo Mark R. , Tomlinson George , Keystone Edward , Paterson J. Michael , Bansback Nick , Bombardier Claire 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to conditions and medical events. A secondary objective is to quantify this association before and after the introduction of biologic medications.MethodsAll data were collected as health administrative data in Ontario, Canada. Patients with RA (n = 136 678) matched 1:1 to a pool of possible controls without RA from 1995 to 2016. The study was a retrospective longitudinal observational administrative data‐based cohort study with cases (RA) and controls (two non‐RA comparator groups). The main exposure was new‐onset RA identified by a validated diagnosis algorithm. The secondary exposure was the calendar year, which provided a natural experiment to compare years in which biologics were unavailable (pre‐2001) to increasing utilization over time. The main outcomes were counts of 27 Johns Hopkins Expanded Diagnostic Cluster Comorbid Conditions. Outcomes were reported as counts and percentage differences between cases and matched controls.ResultsPatients experienced increases in conditions and medical events up to 5 years before RA disease incidence—4.9 conditions per patient‐year compared with 4.6 conditions per patient‐year in matched controls. Comorbidities increased to 8.7 conditions per patient‐year in the year of RA incidence but were lower in the years after diagnosis—6.9 conditions per patient‐year at 5 years postdiagnosis.ConclusionThis study reframes the clinical manifestations of RA with detailed data on the marginal contribution of RA to conditions and medical events. These results show that a large portion of disease burden is due to the indirect effects of RA.
Bead‐Based Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Yang Katherine S. , Lin Hsing‐Ying , Curley Caleigh , Welch Marisa W. , Wolpin Brian M. , Lee Hakho , Weissleder Ralph , Im Hyungsoon , Castro Cesar M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent promising circulating biomarkers for cancers, but their high‐throughput analyses in clinical settings prove challenging due to lack of simple, fast, and robust EV assays. Here, a bead‐based EV assay detected by flow cytometry is described, which integrates EV capture using microbeads with EV protein analyses by flow cytometry. The assay is fast (<4 h for 48 samples), robust, and compatible with conventional flow cytometry instruments for high‐throughput EV analysis. With the method, a panel of pancreatic cancer biomarkers in EVs from plasma samples of pancreatic cancer patients is successfully analyzed. The assay is readily translatable to other biomarkers or cancer types and can be run with standard materials on conventional flow cytometers, making it highly flexible and adaptable to diverse research and clinical needs.
High‐Performance Perovskite‐Based Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes with Operational Stability by Using Organic Ammonium Cations as Passivating Agents
Authors: Kim Yun Cheol , An Hee Ju , Kim Do Hoon , Myoung Jae‐Min , Heo Ye Jin , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBlue emissive perovskites can be prepared by incorporating chlorine into bromine‐based perovskites to tune their bandgap. However, mixed‐halide perovskites exhibit intrinsic phase instability, particularly under electrical potential, owing to halide migration. To achieve high‐performance blue perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with operational stability, organic ammonium cations are used for passivating the anionic defects of the CsPbBr2Cl film. Diphenylpropylammonium chloride (DPPACl), used as a passivating agent, successfully prevents the spectral instability of blue PeLEDs by passivating the Cl− vacancies. Consequently, the blue PeLED prepared with this passivating agent delivers excellent device performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.03%. Moreover, upon tuning the DPPACl concentration, the PeLED emits stably in the deep‐blue spectral region (464 nm) with a half‐life time of 420 s. Thus, the use of organic ammonium cation as a passivating agent is an effective strategy for developing high‐performance blue PeLEDs with operational stability.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Polyferrocenylene and its Single‐Chain Conformational and Electrical Transport Properties
Authors: Santhini Vijai M. , Stetsovych Oleksandr , Ondráček Martin , Mendieta Moreno Jesus I. , Mutombo Pingo , de la Torre Bruno , Švec Martin , Klívar Jiří , Stará Irena G. , Vázquez Héctor , Starý Ivo , Jelínek Pavel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnlike intrinsically conductive organic polymers, which are central to organic electronics/photovoltaics, metallopolymers contain multiple redox‐active centers allowing extra control of their intriguing properties. Ferrocene polymers are particularly attractive in this regard, but research of the iconic poly(1,1′‐ferrocenylene), a main‐chain ferrocene polymer with the most densely bound redox‐active iron centers, has practically stopped because it is an insoluble and rather inhomogeneous material. Herein, its synthesis on the Ag(111) surface is reported, based on the Ullmann coupling of 1′,1″′‐diiodo‐1,1″‐biferrocene. Conformationally flexible single‐chain nanowires up to 50 nm in length, thus overcoming the limits of conventional solution polymerization, are characterized by scanning probe microscopy techniques achieving atomic resolution. Single‐chain electrical conductivity measurements are performed in the longitudinal directions revealing apparent metal‐to‐semiconductor transition (depending on the number of ferrocene units lifted from the surface). A simple transport model is established to rationalize this observation.
Bone‐on‐a‐Chip: Microfluidic Technologies and Microphysiologic Models of Bone Tissue
Authors: Mansoorifar Amin , Gordon Ryan , Bergan Raymond C. , Bertassoni Luiz E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBone is an active organ that continuously undergoes an orchestrated process of remodeling throughout life. Bone tissue is uniquely capable of adapting to loading, hormonal, and other changes happening in the body, as well as repairing bone that becomes damaged to maintain tissue integrity. On the other hand, diseases such as osteoporosis and metastatic cancers disrupt normal bone homeostasis leading to compromised function. Historically, the ability to investigate processes related to either physiologic or diseased bone tissue is limited by traditional models that fail to emulate the complexity of native bone. Organ‐on‐a‐chip models are based on technological advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics, enabling the reproduction of key features specific to tissue microenvironments within a microfabricated device. Compared to conventional in vitro and in vivo bone models, microfluidic models, and especially organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms, provide more biomimetic tissue culture conditions, with increased predictive power for clinical assays. In this review, microfluidic and organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies designed for understanding the biology of bone as well as bone‐related diseases and treatments are reported. Finally, the authors discuss the limitations of the current models and point toward future directions for microfluidics and organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies in bone research.
Wearable Stretchable Dry and Self‐Adhesive Strain Sensors with Conformal Contact to Skin for High‐Quality Motion Monitoring
Authors: Wang Shan , Fang Yuanlai , He Hao , Zhang Lei , Li Chang'an , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWearable stretchable strain sensors can have important applications in many areas. However, the high noise is a big hurdle for their application to monitor body movement. The noise is mainly due to the motion artifacts related to the poor contact between the sensors and skin. Here, wearable stretchable dry and self‐adhesive strain sensors that can always form conformal contact to skin even during body movement are demonstrated. They are prepared via solution coating and consist of two layers, a dry adhesive layer made of biocompatible elastomeric waterborne polyurethane and a sensing layer made of a non‐adhesive composite of reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. The adhesive layer makes the sensors conformal to skin, while the sensing layer exhibits a resistance sensitive to strain. The sensors are used to accurately monitor both small‐ and large‐scale body movements, including various joint movements and muscle movements. They can always generate high‐quality signals even on curvilinear skin surface and during irregular skin deformation. The sensitivity is remarkably higher while the noise is saliently lower than the non‐adhesive strain sensors. They can also be used to monitor the movements along two perpendicular directions, which cannot be achieved by the non‐adhesive strain sensors.
A Hydrogen‐Bonded Extracellular Matrix‐Mimicking Bactericidal Hydrogel with Radical Scavenging and Hemostatic Function for pH‐Responsive Wound Healing Acceleration
Authors: Ahmadian Zainab , Correia Alexandra , Hasany Masoud , Figueiredo Patrícia , Dobakhti Faramarz , Eskandari Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hojjat , Abiri Ramin , Khorshid Shiva , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A. , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeneration of reactive oxygen species, delayed blood clotting, prolonged inflammation, bacterial infection, and slow cell proliferation are the main challenges of effective wound repair. Herein, a multifunctional extracellular matrix‐mimicking hydrogel is fabricated through abundant hydrogen bonding among the functional groups of gelatin and tannic acid (TA) as a green chemistry approach. The hydrogel shows adjustable physicochemical properties by altering the concentration of TA and it represents high safety features both in vitro and in vivo on fibroblasts, red blood cells, and mice organs. In addition to the merit of facile encapsulation of cell proliferation‐inducing hydrophilic drugs, accelerated healing of skin injury is obtained through pH‐dependent release of TA and its multifaceted mechanisms as an antibacterial, antioxidant, hemostatic, and anti‐inflammatory moiety. The developed gelatin‐TA (GelTA) hydrogel also shows an outstanding effect on the formation of extracellular matrix and wound closure in vivo via offered cell adhesion sites in the backbone of gelatin that provide increased re‐epithelialization and better collagen deposition. These results suggest that the multifunctional GelTA hydrogel is a promising candidate for the clinical treatment of full‐thickness wounds and further development of wound dressing materials that releases active agents in the neutral or slightly basic environment of infected nonhealing wounds.
Transition‐metal‐free Photo‐induced Cascade Sulfonylation/Addition/Cyclization of 3‐Arylethynyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐carbonitriles with Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates via the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Wu Meixia , Kuang Kaimo , Wu Sixin , Zhang Man 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free photo‐induced cascade sulfonylation/addition/cyclization of 3‐arylethynyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐carbonitriles with Na2S2O5 and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates for the construction of 4‐sulfonated cyclopenta[gh]phenanthridines is developed. This reaction involves a radical pathway and goes through a sequence of phenyl radical formation, sulfur dioxide insertion, sulfonyl radical addition, iminyl radical formation, and cyclization. The methodology displays mild conditions, a broad substrate scope and does not require any external oxidants.magnified image
High‐Definition Optophysical Image Construction Using Mosaics of Pixelated Wrinkles
Authors: Kim Kitae , Kim Se‐Um , Choi Subi , Heo Kyuyoung , Ahn Suk‐kyun , Na Jun‐Hee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite many efforts in structuring surfaces using mechanical instabilities, the practical application of these structures to advanced devices remains a challenging task due to the limited capability to control the local morphology. A platform that programs the orientation of mechanically anisotropic molecules is demonstrated; thus, the surface wrinkles, promoted by such instabilities, can be patterned in the desired manner. The optics based on a spatial light modulator assembles wrinkle pixels of a notably small dimension over a large area at fast fabrication speed. Furthermore, these pixelated wrinkles can be formed on curved geometries. The pixelated wrinkles can record images, which are naturally invisible, by mapping the gray level to the orientation of wrinkles. They can retrieve those images using the patterned optical phase retardation generated under the crossed polarizers. As a result, it is shown that the pixelated wrinkles enable new applications in optics such as image storage, informative labeling, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Small Number of Defects per Nanostructure Leads to “Digital” Quenching of Photoluminescence: The Case of Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong charge carrier diffusion length and large grain size are commonly believed to be inherent properties of highly luminescent polycrystalline thin‐film semiconductors. However, exactly these two properties make luminescence very susceptible to quenching by just one strongly quenching defect state if present in each grain. Moreover, when the number of quenchers per grain is small (say 1–10), it varies greatly from grain to grain, purely for statistical reasons. These fluctuations, which resemble digital signal switching, can be one of the reasons for large differences between the luminescence brightness of different grains in polycrystalline films. This and other peculiarities of photoluminescence in systems where the number of strong quenchers per grain/crystallite is small is discussed in detail using metal halide perovskites as examples.
Nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers effects on growth and yield of Brassica carinata in South Dakota
Authors: Bhattarai Dwarika , Kumar Sandeep , Nleya Thandiwe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), a non‐food oilseed and an alternative biofuel feedstock, has received attention for its potential as a low‐input option for production in the semi‐arid regions of the Northern Great Plains (NGP). This study was conducted to (a) determine the economic optimum N and S fertilization rates and (b) determine the interactive effects of N and S fertilization on seed yield and agronomic traits in carinata. The field experiment conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Brookings, SD, had four N rates (56, 84, 112, and 140 kg N ha−1) and three S rates (0, 22, and 45 kg S ha−1). Increasing N rate increased seed and oil yield each peaking at 112 kg N ha−1 in both years. Applying S fertilizer increased seed and oil yield and oil concentration over the control but with the two S rates performing similar in both years. In the absence of S application, seed yield was reduced irrespective of N rate indicating that S is critical to obtain a positive response to N fertilizer. Economically optimal N rate ranged from 47 to 93 kg N ha−1 whereas economic optimum S rate ranged from 20 to 26 kg S ha−1. The economic optimum yield ranged from 1.0 Mg ha−1 to 1.5 Mg ha−1. These findings suggest that carinata seed yield and agronomic trait response to N fertilization can vary depending on S availability in the soil.
Alternative genomic diagnoses for individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Dubowitz syndrome
Authors: Dyment David A. , O'Donnell‐Luria Anne , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Coban Akdemir Zeynep , Aleck Kyrieckos A. , Antaki Danny , Al Sharhan Hind , Au Ping‐Yee B. , Aydin Hatip , Beggs Alan H. , Bilguvar Kaya , Boerwinkle Eric , Brand Harrison , Brownstein Catherine A. , Buyske Steve , Chodirker Bernard , Choi Jungmin , Chudley Albert E. , Clericuzio Carol L. , Cox Gerald F. , Curry Cynthia , de Boer Elke , de Vries Bert B. A. , Dunn Kathryn , Dutmer Cullen M. , England Eleina M. , Fahrner Jill A. , Geckinli Bilgen B. , Genetti Casie A. , Gezdirici Alper , Gibson William T. , Gleeson Joseph G. , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Hall April , Hamosh Ada , Hartley Taila , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Karaca Ender , Kernohan Kristin , Lauzon Julie L. , Lewis M. E. Suzanne , Lowry R. Brian , López‐Giráldez Francesc , Matise Tara C. , McEvoy‐Venneri Jennifer , McInnes Brenda , Mhanni Aziz , Garcia Minaur Sixto , Moilanen Jukka , Nguyen An , Nowaczyk Malgorzata J. M. , Posey Jennifer E. , Õunap Katrin , Pehlivan Davut , Pajusalu Sander , Penney Lynette S. , Poterba Timothy , Prontera Paolo , Doriqui Maria Juliana Rodovalho , Sawyer Sarah L. , Sobreira Nara , Stanley Valentina , Torun Deniz , Wargowski David , Witmer P. Dane , Wong Isaac , Xing Jinchuan , Zaki Maha S. , Zhang Yeting ,   Care4Rare Consortium,   Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Boycott Kym M. , Bamshad Michael J. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Blue Elizabeth E. , Innes A. Micheil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDubowitz syndrome (DubS) is considered a recognizable syndrome characterized by a distinctive facial appearance and deficits in growth and development. There have been over 200 individuals reported with Dubowitz or a “Dubowitz‐like” condition, although no single gene has been implicated as responsible for its cause. We have performed exome (ES) or genome sequencing (GS) for 31 individuals clinically diagnosed with DubS. After genome‐wide sequencing, rare variant filtering and computational and Mendelian genomic analyses, a presumptive molecular diagnosis was made in 13/27 (48%) families. The molecular diagnoses included biallelic variants in SKIV2L, SLC35C1, BRCA1, NSUN2; de novo variants in ARID1B, ARID1A, CREBBP, POGZ, TAF1, HDAC8, and copy‐number variation at1p36.11(ARID1A), 8q22.2(VPS13B), Xp22, and Xq13(HDAC8). Variants of unknown significance in known disease genes, and also in genes of uncertain significance, were observed in 7/27 (26%) additional families. Only one gene, HDAC8, could explain the phenotype in more than one family (N = 2). All but two of the genomic diagnoses were for genes discovered, or for conditions recognized, since the introduction of next‐generation sequencing. Overall, the DubS‐like clinical phenotype is associated with extensive locus heterogeneity and the molecular diagnoses made are for emerging clinical conditions sharing characteristic features that overlap the DubS phenotype.