bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tianeptine on attention, memory and psychomotor performances using neuropsychological methods in young healthy volunteers
Authors: Poirier MF , Galinowski A , Amado-Boccara I , Delalleau B , Gougoulis N , Lôo H 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA study was performed in young healthy volunteers in order to test the possible action of tianeptine, a new antidepressant drug, on cognitive performances. Attention tests, memory tests, a non-verbal inductive reasoning test and a sleep questionnaire were used in this double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. The two one-week drug administration periods were separated by a one-week wash-out period. The methodology permitted us to evaluate the learning effect during the familiarization with the tests and to clear the results of the study from this parameter which could possibly distort analysis. For this large range of tests, the results showed that tianeptine did not affect the level of functioning of the volunteers after their familiarization with the tests. These results are in contrast with those obtained by different authors with classical tricyclic antidepressants.
A daily diary study of sleep chronotype among Mexican-origin adolescents and parents: Implications for adolescent behavioral health
Authors: Bai Sunhye , Karan Maira , Gonzales Nancy A. , Fuligni Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study used daily assessments of sleep to examine stability and change in sleep chronotype in adolescents and their parents. The study assessed adolescent sleep chronotype according to age, gender, and parent chronotype, and evaluated its associations with emotional and behavioral problems in youth. Participants included of 417 Mexican American adolescents (Mage = 16.0 years, Range = 13.9–20.0) and 403 caregivers, who reported bed and wake times daily for 2 consecutive weeks at two time points spaced 1 year apart. In addition, adolescents completed established self-report questionnaires of emotional and behavioral problems. Chronotype was computed as the midsleep point from bed to wake time on free days, correcting for sleep debt accumulated across scheduled days. Multilevel modeling showed a curvilinear association between adolescent age and chronotype, with a peak eveningness observed between ages 16 to 17. Adolescent and parent chronotypes were contemporaneously correlated, but each was only moderately stable over the 1-year period. Later adolescent chronotype was contemporaneously associated with more substance use in all adolescents. Individual development and the family context shape sleep chronotype in adolescents and parents. Sleep chronotype is implicated in adolescent behavioral health.
Fetal CHD and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Ge Christina J. , Mahle Amanda C. , Burd Irina , Jelin Eric B. , Sekar Priya , Jelin Angie C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate delivery management and outcomes in fetuses prenatally diagnosed with CHD.Study design:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 6194 fetuses (born between 2013 and 2016), comparing prenatally diagnosed with CHD (170) to those with non-cardiac (234) and no anomalies (5790). Primary outcomes included the incidence of preterm delivery and mode of delivery.Results:Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower between the CHD and non-anomalous cohorts (38.6 and 39.1 weeks, respectively). Neonates with CHD had a significantly lower birth weights (p < 0.001). There was an approximately 1.5-fold increase in the rate of primary cesarean sections associated with prenatally diagnosed CHD with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI 1.06–2.10).Conclusions:Our study provides additional evidence that the prenatal diagnosis of CHD is associated with a lower birth weight, preterm delivery, and with an increased risk of delivery by primary cesarean section.
Prehospital Disposition and Patient Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest AFTER Resuscitation Termination Protocol Change in an Urban Setting
Authors: Cheung Brian H. , Mercer Mary P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death in the United States, and efforts have been made to develop termination of resuscitation protocols utilizing clinical criteria predictive of successful resuscitation and survival to discharge. A termination of resuscitation protocol utilizing longer resuscitation time and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring criteria for termination was implemented for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers in an urban prehospital system in 2017. This study examines the effect the modified termination of resuscitation protocol had on rates of patient transport to a hospital, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival to discharge.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing data from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database. A total of 1,005 prehospital cardiac arrest patients 18 years and older from 2016 through 2017 were included in the analysis. Patients with traumatic cardiac arrest or had valid do-not-resuscitate orders were excluded. Unadjusted analysis using chi-square statistics was performed, including an analysis stratified by Utstein style reporting. Adjusted analysis was also performed using logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing values.Results:Unadjusted analysis showed a significant decrease in ROSC on emergency department (ED) arrival (30% versus 13%; P <.001) following the change in protocol. There was no significant difference in patient transport rate (62%) and a statistically non-significant decrease in overall survival (15% versus 11%). When stratified by Utstein style analysis, statistically significant decreases in ED arrival with ROSC were seen for unwitnessed asystolic, as well as bystander witnessed asystolic, pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and shockable OHCA. Adjusted analysis showed a decreased likelihood of ROSC with the protocol change (0.337; 95% CI, 0.235-0.482).Conclusion:The modification of termination of resuscitation protocol was not associated with a statistically significant change in transport rate or survival. A significant decrease in rate of arrivals to the ED with ROSC was seen, particularly for bystander witnessed OHCA.
“This is my story”: Children's war memoirs and challenging protectionist discourses
Authors: Berents Helen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtectionist frames of children as passive, uncomprehending victims characterize the international architecture of responding to children in war. However, stories such as those in children's war memoirs draw attention to the agency and capacity of children to negotiate and navigate distinct traumas and experiences in war. Children experience particular vulnerabilities and risks in conflict zones and their potential as contributors to the solutions to war must also be taken seriously. Children's authoritative voices in memoir writing reveal the limitations of protectionist-dominated approaches and offer a rationale for taking the participatory elements of international humanitarian mechanisms and responses to conflict more seriously. Such a move may help address the comprehensive silencing of children's voices in the institutional architecture concerned with children in war.
Superiority of Mega‐ENSO Index in the Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Li Tim , Yi Lan , Shi Jian , Shen Yixuan , Liu Kefeng , Hu Yijia , Xu Zanmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compared the performance of two potential predicators, that is, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index (Niño‐3.4) and mega‐ENSO index, in the seasonal forecast of tropical cyclone (TC) activity and its spatial distribution over the western North Pacific (WNP) during the extended TC season, which is of public concern. Our results clearly show that, although both mega‐ENSO and Niño‐3.4 indices in the preceding May are important predictors for the seasonal predication, the relative‐sea surface temperature (SST)‐dependent mega‐ENSO exhibits a higher skill in the seasonal forecasting compared with the absolute‐SST‐dependent ENSO. Further results show that, despite of stronger destructiveness of TCs in high mega‐ENSO (El Niño) years than in low mega‐ENSO (La Niña) years, more attention should be paid to the TCs in low mega‐ENSO years, which are more likely to occur in coastal areas compared with the TCs in high mega‐ENSO years. Due to the responses of TC genesis, TC potential intensity, and large‐scale flow to the SST change in low mega‐ENSO years, the WNP TCs tend to originate in the northwestern quadrant and intensify at high latitudes and then turn northwestward over the TC prevailing region, which contributes to the northwestward migration of the WNP TC exposure in terms of track density and destructiveness density and thus imposes more risks in the coastal areas in low mega‐ENSO years. In addition, despite the significant predication skill in forecasting TC activity when using mega‐ENSO/Niño‐3.4 as a single predicator, it is still far to predict reliable WNP activity, especially its spatial distribution, without considering other predictors.
Robustness Assessment of the RSDt‐Test for Detecting Trend Turning in a Time Series
Authors: Zuo Bin , Hou Zhaolu , Zheng Fei , Sheng Lifang , Gao Yang , Li Jianping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrend turning (or trend change) is a type of structural change that is common in climate data, and methods for detecting it in time series with multiple turning‐points need to be developed. A recently developed method for this, the running slope difference (RSD)t‐test, examines trend differences in sub‐series of the sample time series to identify the trend turning‐points. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate this method's detection ability. Evaluation results show the method to be an effective tool for detecting trend turning time series and identify three major advantages of the RSDt‐test: ability to detect multiple turning‐points, capacity to detect all three types of trend turning, and great performance of reducing false alarm rate.
Analysis of Eddy Current Generation on the Juno Spacecraft in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Kotsiaros S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Martos Y. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Juno mission to Jupiter, in polar orbit around the gas giant since 4 July 2016, samples the planet's environment with dedicated particle and fields instruments. Juno's magnetometer investigation employs a pair of boom‐mounted vector fluxgate magnetometers colocated with a set of star cameras to map Jupiter's magnetic field with high accuracy. Juno is a spinning spacecraft, rotating at approximately two rotations per minute. In strong magnetic field environments experienced near periapsis, Eddy currents are generated within electrically conductive material near the magnetic sensors. These currents adversely affect measurements of the environment, most evident in the appearance of a spin modulation in the field magnitude. We demonstrate, by finite element modeling and laboratory measurements, that the spin modulation is caused by a physical signal due to Eddy currents generated by the rotation of the conductive spacecraft structure in the presence of a strong magnetic field. We present a finite element model of the induced field and develop a matrix method for removing the Eddy current contribution to the measured field. Juno magnetic field measurements in strong fields are corrected for Eddy current contributions using this model of the interaction.
Probing the Variation in Aseismic Slip Behavior Around an Active Suture Zone: Observations of Repeating Earthquakes in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yaochieh , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Hu Jyr‐Ching , Lee Jian‐Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn examination of repeating earthquakes in eastern Taiwan revealed previously unrecognized quasiperiodic repetition of aseismic creep along two reverse faults in an active suture zone. Using 202 ML 2.0 to 4.6 repeating earthquake sequences (RES) during the period from 2000 to 2011, we studied where and how certain faults creep. The RES were found to be highly concentrated in the southern segment of the Longitudinal Valley fault (LVF) and in the northern segment of the Central Range fault (CRF). They are mainly located at a depth of 10–25 km and show strong regional differences in creep behavior. Using the moment release rate of RES and geodetically derived long‐term slip rate, we re‐estimate the empirical relationship between deep creep and seismic moment for creeping sections in eastern Taiwan. For the 30‐km‐long LVF, the creep rate increased dramatically from 1.5 to 12.3 cm/year under the influence of the ML 6.4 Chengkung earthquake of 2003. For the 80‐km‐long CRF, the high creep rate of 4.3 cm/year appears to have been stable over time and is descriptive of a previously unrecognized deep structure underneath the eastern flank of the Central Range. The quasiperiodic pulsing of the deep slip rate has a predominant interval of 1 year for both segments. After the ML 6.4 event, the predominant interval for the creeping LVF halved in duration. The time‐dependent aseismic slip showed a strong correlation with the creepmeter data, suggesting that the positing of a common mechanism is needed to connect the surface and deep creep variation.
Potential Effect of Halogens on Atmospheric Oxidation and Air Quality in China
Authors: Li Qinyi , Badia Alba , Wang Tao , Sarwar Golam , Fu Xiao , Zhang Li , Zhang Qiang , Fung Jimmy , Cuevas Carlos A. , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Bin , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAir pollution has been a hazard in China over recent decades threatening the health of half a billion people. Much effort has been devoted to mitigating air pollution in China leading to a significant reduction in primary pollutants emissions from 2013 to 2017, while a continuously worsening trend of surface ozone (O3, a secondary pollutant and greenhouse gas) was observed over the same period. Atmospheric oxidation, dominated by daytime reactions involving hydroxyl radicals (OH), is the critical process to convert freshly‐emitted compounds into secondary pollutants, and is underestimated in current models of China's air pollution. Halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are known to profoundly influence oxidation chemistry in the marine environment; however, their impact on atmospheric oxidation and air pollution in China is unknown. In the present study, we report for the first time that halogens substantially enhance the total atmospheric oxidation capacity in polluted areas of China, typically 10% to 20% (up to 87% in winter) and mainly by significantly increasing OH level. The enhanced oxidation along the coast is driven by oceanic emissions, and that over the inland areas by anthropogenic emission. The extent and seasonality of halogen impact are largely explained by the dynamics of Asian monsoon, location and intensity of halogen emissions, and O3 formation regime. The omission of halogen emissions and chemistry may lead to significant errors in historical re‐assessments and future projections of the evolution of atmospheric oxidation in polluted regions.
The Nlrp3 inflammasome as a “rising star” in studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Bujko Kamila , Cymer Monika , Thapa Arjun , Adamiak Mateusz , Ratajczak Janina , Abdel-Latif Ahmed K. , Kucia Magda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent investigations indicate that hematopoiesis is coregulated by innate immunity signals and by pathways characteristic of the activation of innate immunity cells that also operate in normal hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). This should not be surprising because of the common developmental origin of these cells from a hemato/lymphopoietic stem cell. An important integrating factor is the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which has emerged as a major sensor of changes in body microenvironments, cell activation, and cell metabolic activity. It is currently the best-studied member of the inflammasome family expressed in hematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells, including also HSPCs. It is proposed as playing a role in (i) the development and expansion of HSPCs, (ii) their release from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) in stress situations and during pharmacological mobilization, (iii) their homing to BM after transplantation, and (iv) their aging and the regulation of hematopoietic cell metabolism. The Nlrp3 inflammasome is also involved in certain hematological pathologies, including (i) myelodysplastic syndrome, (ii) myeloproliferative neoplasms, (iii) leukemia, and (iv) graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after transplantation. The aim of this review is to shed more light on this intriguing intracellular protein complex that has become a “rising star” in studies focused on both normal steady-state and pathological hematopoiesis.
First observation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from the Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Liu Cheng , Chan Ka Lok , Hu Qihou , Liu Haoran , Li Bo , Xing Chengzhi , Tan Wei , Zhou Haijin , Si Fuqi , Liu Jianguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) is the first Chinese satellite-borne UV–Vis spectrometer aiming to measure the distribution of atmospheric trace gases on a global scale. The EMI instrument onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite was launched on 9 May 2018. In this paper, we present the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column density (VCD) retrieval algorithm dedicated to EMI measurement. We report the first successful retrieval of tropospheric NO2 VCD from the EMI instrument. Our retrieval improved the original EMI NO2 prototype algorithm by modifying the settings of the spectral fit and air mass factor calculations to account for the on-orbit instrumental performance changes. The retrieved EMI NO2 VCDs generally show good spatiotemporal agreement with the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (correlation coefficient R of ~0.9, bias < 50%). A comparison with ground-based MAX-DOAS (Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) observations also shows good correlation with an R of 0.82. The results indicate that the EMI NO2 retrieval algorithm derives reliable and precise results, and this algorithm can feasibly produce stable operational products that can contribute to global air pollution monitoring.
Translating research findings into clinical practice: a systematic and critical review of neuroimaging-based clinical tools for brain disorders
Authors: Scarpazza C. , Ha M. , Baecker L. , Garcia-Dias R. , Pinaya W. H. L. , Vieira S. , Mechelli A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA pivotal aim of psychiatric and neurological research is to promote the translation of the findings into clinical practice to improve diagnostic and prognostic assessment of individual patients. Structural neuroimaging holds much promise, with neuroanatomical measures accounting for up to 40% of the variance in clinical outcome. Building on these findings, a number of imaging-based clinical tools have been developed to make diagnostic and prognostic inferences about individual patients from their structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. This systematic review describes and compares the technical characteristics of the available tools, with the aim to assess their translational potential into real-world clinical settings. The results reveal that a total of eight tools. All of these were specifically developed for neurological disorders, and as such are not suitable for application to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, most of the tools were trained and validated in a single dataset, which can result in poor generalizability, or using a small number of individuals, which can cause overoptimistic results. In addition, all of the tools rely on two strategies to detect brain abnormalities in single individuals, one based on univariate comparison, and the other based on multivariate machine-learning algorithms. We discuss current barriers to the adoption of these tools in clinical practice and propose a checklist of pivotal characteristics that should be included in an “ideal” neuroimaging-based clinical tool for brain disorders.
Sepiapterin reductase promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via FoxO3a/Bim signaling in a nonenzymatic manner
Authors: Wu Yao , Du Hongzhi , Zhan Meixiao , Wang Hongxv , Chen Peng , Du Danyu , Liu Xinyi , Huang Xingxv , Ma Pengcheng , Peng Dezheng , Sun Li , Yuan Shengtao , Ding Jian , Lu Ligong , Jiang Jingwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSepiapterin reductase plays an enzymatic role in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is reported in limited studies to regulate the progression of several tumors. However, the role of sepiapterin reductase in hepatocellular carcinoma remains largely unknown. Here, we found that sepiapterin reductase was frequently highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma, which was significantly associated with higher T stage, higher tumor node metastasis stage, and even shorter survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Furthermore, cell and animal experiments showed that sepiapterin reductase depletion inhibited cancer cell proliferation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Importantly, the results suggested that sepiapterin reductase enzymatic activity was not necessary for the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, based on the comparison between SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721 containing sepiapterin reductase mutant. Moreover, we showed that sepiapterin reductase regulated the development of hepatocellular carcinoma via the FoxO3a/Bim-signaling pathway. Collectively, our study suggests that sepiapterin reductase controls hepatocellular carcinoma progression via FoxO3a/Bim signaling in a nonenzymatic manner, which provides a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Ancient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland
Authors: Furtwängler Anja , Rohrlach A. B. , Lamnidis Thiseas C. , Papac Luka , Neumann Gunnar U. , Siebke Inga , Reiter Ella , Steuri Noah , Hald Jürgen , Denaire Anthony , Schnitzler Bernadette , Wahl Joachim , Ramstein Marianne , Schuenemann Verena J. , Stockhammer Philipp W. , Hafner Albert , Lösch Sandra , Haak Wolfgang , Schiffels Stephan , Krause Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic studies of Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletons from Europe have provided evidence for strong population genetic changes at the beginning and the end of the Neolithic period. To further understand the implications of these in Southern Central Europe, we analyze 96 ancient genomes from Switzerland, Southern Germany, and the Alsace region in France, covering the Middle/Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age. Similar to previously described genetic changes in other parts of Europe from the early 3rd millennium BCE, we detect an arrival of ancestry related to Late Neolithic pastoralists from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Switzerland as early as 2860–2460 calBCE. Our analyses suggest that this genetic turnover was a complex process lasting almost 1000 years and involved highly genetically structured populations in this region.