bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressed rectangular plates stability beyond the elastic limit
Authors: Mavlonov T , Yuldoshev B , Ismayilov K , Toshev S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper provides a detailed analysis of the methods for calculating the thin-walled structure stability under static and dynamic loads, and the results of well-known studies related to assessing the stability of thin-walled structures. The paper gives a methodology for assessing the thin-walled structure stability and the analysis of stability loss of rectangular plates beyond the elasticity of the material. The stability loss of rectangular plates beyond the elastic limit of the material is investigated in the paper. A formula is proposed for determining the longitudinal forces in a plate under a state of infinitely small bending. An analytical formula is given to assess stability for the case of a hinged supported rectangular plate compressed in two directions beyond the elastic limit at various widths (b)-thickness (h) ratios of the plate. The proposed diagram of the plate material strain is in good agreement with the Berlin – Dahlem experimental diagram. It was stated that under linear hardening of the material, a square plate of flexibility b/h ≥ 20, loses its stability within the yield strength. Beyond the yield strength, flexibility b/h < 5 corresponds to stability loss.
Physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement clinkers from raw materials of Karakalpakstan
Authors: Orazimbetova G , Namazov Sh , Iskandarova M , Sapaev J , Qobulova L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this article, the development of a technology for the production of clinkers and cements based on them using previously unexplored alternative sources of local raw materials in Karakalpakstan is studied, is an effective solution to the problem of covering the cement industry’s construction industry needs. Development of practical recommendations on the technology for obtaining Portland cement clinkers and cements based on the raw materials of Karakalpakstan. The study of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the raw materials of Karakalpakstan with the aim of their application to obtain high-quality clinkers and cements based on them. For raw mixes, which include limestone from the Dzhamansay-2 deposit, the clay component of the Berkuttau site, an iron-containing cinder from Almalyk mining-and-metallurgical integrated works, and gypsum stone from the Northern Dzhamansay deposit, the optimal firing temperature is 1450 ° C, which corresponds to the classical temperature index Portland cement clinker production. Raw mixtures based on the tested raw materials are highly reactive. When firing two-component feed mixtures using limestone of the Dzhamansay-2 deposit and basalt rock of the Berkuttau section, the optimum clinker sintering interval is 1400-1420 ° C;. Physical and mechanical tests have established that, on the basis of the tested raw materials (limestone of the Dzhamansay-2 deposit, the clay component of the Northern Dzhamansay deposit, the basaltic rock of the Berkuttau site and iron-containing additives), clinkers can be produced for general construction and sulfate-resistant cement grades of at least “400”, according to technological indicators fully meeting the requirements of State standard 10178; State standard 30515 and State standard 222 66.
Underground pipeline damping from the action of rayleigh waves
Authors: Abduvaliev A , Abdulkhayzoda A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The question of the depth of laying occupies a special place in the seismic protection of underground structures. With a seismic shock, different waves appear in the ground. Upon impact on the surface of the half-space, surface waves arise that have a destructive force for underground structures. Waves with longitudinal and transverse components of displacement, called Rayleigh waves, can occur on the surface. Rayleigh waves have a maximum effect on the surface and quickly fade with depth. To protect against the action of such waves, underground structures are laid deep on the ground. Reducing the depth of laying allows you to reduce costs and facilitates the maintenance of the structure. It will be possible to reduce the influence of Rayleigh waves at a shallower depth using dynamic dampers installed on the structure. The analysis of the work of a dynamic damper to reduce the displacement of an underground cylindrical structure allows us to conclude that the damping effect can be achieved both in terms of displacement amplitude and in the frequency zone width.
Analysis the results of calculating the monolithic wall in the soil with anchor fastening without distribution beams based on the solution the spatial problem with various topology the element of fencing
Authors: Znamenskiy V , Morozov E , Chunyuk D , Pekin D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article analyzed the results of the calculation of the monolithic trench “wall in soil” (WIS) with fastening attachment anchors without the use of distribution beams based on solving a spatial problem with the different topology of the fence elements. In practice, when solving such problems in a flat arrangement, it is assumed that the WIS is a solid construction in the longitudinal direction, vertical concreting joints are not taken into account, formed between grabs, rupture along horizontal longitudinal reinforcement between adjacent spatial frames, reduction of the rigidity of the WIS structure due to the formation and opening cracks in two directions, as well as inelastic operation of the compressed zone concrete. Analysis of stress-strain state (SSS) of the fence construction structure based on the results of spatial calculation with different topology (flat and volumetric) of finite elements (FE) showed the need to correct the calculation methodology. Based on the results of the calculations, it was found that the values of internal forces in the design obtained using flat FE are significantly overestimated. Based on the numerical method of studies, recommendations on the selection of the design scheme of the monolithic reinforced concrete structure of the pit’s fence are proposed and the calculation methodology is corrected. The subject of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, was the specifics of the operation and calculation of the WIS with anchor attachment without distribution beams and the analysis of the calculation results based on the solution of the spatial problem with different topology (flat and volume) of the FE structure of the fence.
The rationale for taking into account the organizational features of work in the winter when designing
Authors: Zhuravlev P , Marukyan A , Markova I , Khidirov S , Nazarov B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article analyses regulatory and technical documents that regulate the organizational and technological features of building production and establish the requirements for additional resource supply when developing a design and estimate documentation, depending on various climatic conditions of the winter period. Based on the assessment of the initial conditions, as well as the complicating factors of the production of works, taken into account as part of the current standards for winter appreciation, additional resource support for the production of work in the winter is justified. Additional resource support during winter work in areas exposed to winds with a speed of more than 10 m/s, as well as temporary heating and accelerated drying (outside the heating period) to eliminate the increased humidity of structures or work surfaces in the manufacture of finishing and other special works.
Mobile expandable polystyrene road structure production complex
Authors: Filippov D , Yermoshin N , Bukatov D , Biryukov O , Tsyba A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article addresses the plan of development of a mobile expandable polystyrene road structure production complex. The proposed solution could be used for the organization of rapid repairs of roads and highways, eliminating the negative effects caused by natural disasters and other emergencies, building roads in the arctic zone, and ensuring stable functioning of roads in war time. An optimal composition of the process equipment for the mobile expandable polystyrene road structure production complex considered a Plan of construction of a light embankment using EPS-blocks and schematic of an embankment circuit device in various conditions using XPS-plates. The dependence of the time of delivery of the EPS-block objects from the remoteness of construction and feasibility study shows the effectiveness of the use of mobile complexes.
Effect of Temperature, Pressure and Humidity on Carbon Dioxide Concentration—Simulation Study
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Malarvili MB 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The growing application of infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor now needs an accurate and precise measurement of human respired CO2 concentrations. CO2 concentration measurement is influenced by a number of environmental parameters. The objective of this study is to perform a simulation study on the list of environmental parameters which have a major influence on the precision and accuracy of the infrared CO2 sensor. Here, we designed a CO2 concentration estimation circuit that comprises temperature, pressure and humidity sensor, Arduino Uno, and liquid crystal display. Besides, a program is written and uploaded to the Arduino board to compute the CO2 concentration. A simple mathematical equation is employed to calculate the instantaneous CO2 concentrations with respective temperature, pressure and relative humidity. We observed a change in CO2 concentration from 31.11% to 30.60% and 21.25% to 26.18% corresponding to changes in temperature from 25oC to 30oC and pressure 21.53kPa to 26.52kPa, respectively while keeping the temperature (250C) and pressure (31.52kPa) constant with respect to each other. In addition, with a change in relative humidity from 28% to 30%, change in CO2 values (6.26% to 9.39%) were observed while temperature kept at 25 0C. Results show that pressure, temperature, and relative humidity have a significant effect on the output of CO2 concentration. Hence, this should not be underestimated while developing a CO2 sensor and barometric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity sensor should be integrated with CO2 sensor for automatic adjustment in CO2 concentration based on the current pressure, temperature and humidity in contrast to manual.
Integrated Mitigation Strategy Model for Carbon Accounting and Sustainability Index to Encounter Palm Oil Mill Weaknesses Holistically
Authors: Jamaludin Nabila Farhana , Muis Zarina Ab , Hashim Haslenda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Palm oil industry has received criticism from various parties on the issue of sustainability and greenhouse gases. Effective mitigation plan is needed to improve the process performance and to counter criticsm towards palm oil mill. However, the current framework has limitation to consider sustainability as a whole and may resulting inaccurate selection of further mitigation. This study aims to develop mitigation strategy model based on palm oil mill carbon accounting (POMCFA) and sustainability (POMSI) performances. A result from integrated palm oil mill carbon footprint accounting (POMCFA) and palm oil mill sustainability index (POMSI) framework has been used for the model development in this study. This model is able to predict the best selection to improve the weak performance, forecast new score of palm oil mill carbon accounting (POMCFA) and sustainability (POMSI). A series of mitigation options are selected which impacted any changes to the indicators (in terms of environment and economy aspect). The model is developed and computed using the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). The analysis from integrated assessment shows that highest carbon dioxide equivalent emission was contributed by palm oil mill effluent followed by diesel consumption and water consumption. In terms of sustainability scoring, the results show that the environmental aspect achieved the lowest scores compared to other aspects (social and economy). Weaknesses identified include dust concentration, palm oil mill effluent and boiler emission. The mitigation model been developed shows the optimal mitigation for the weaknesses is to implement high technology boiler. The assessment analysed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent and sustainability scoring demonstrates its potential to provide comprehensive mitigation selection purposes.
Energy saving potential of 6-component aromatic mixture via Energy Integrated Distillation Columns Sequence (EIDCS) method
Authors: Shahruddin Munawar Zaman , Rahimi Ahmad Nafais , Zubir Muhammad Afiq , Zahran Muhammad Fakhrul Islam , Ibrahim KamarulAsri , Hamid MohdKamaruddinAbd. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistillation column is a well-known unit operation in chemical and petrochemical industries for an intended separation task. However, the energy usage still becomes a problem particularly for a multicomponent system of distillation columns sequence. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the applicability of Thermal Pinch Analysis to be employed in a distillation columns sequence to solve the problem. The method is complemented by the sequencing method of Driving Force which leads to a novel method namely Energy Integrated Distillation Columns Sequence (EIDCS). This systematic method has been designed for optimal distillation columns sequence and further energy saving by Thermal Pinch Analysis. The Driving Force Sequence was firstly determined by the use of Driving Force Plot. Then the shortcut and rigorous simulations have been carried out and the resulting data were extracted for Thermal Pinch Analysis at a fixed value ofΔTminat 10 °C. Next, the Problem Table Algorithm (PTA) was constructed to indicate the possible energy saving for the distillation columns sequence. Finally, the proposed Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) via Grid Diagram that satisfies the energy requirement was constructed. A case study of 6-component Aromatic Mixture has been selected to evaluate the proposed EIDCS method in this study.
Quality prediction and diagnosis of refined palm oil using partial correlation analysis
Authors: Rashid N A , Hoong K W , Shamsuddin A , Rosely N A M , Noor M A M , Jin K W , Lee M H , Hamid M K A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Regression technique such as partial correlation analysis has been widely used as tool of prediction in business, finance and biomedical field. However, the application of predictive analysis in chemical process, specifically palm oil refinery process has rarely been done. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a quality prediction and diagnosis tool using partial correlation analysis, with the aim to predict the quality of refined palm oil and to diagnose the crude palm oil and process variables. Several statistical analysis are applied in data pre-process to obtain statistical sample size, optimum sampling and processing time of the process. The predictor coefficient is developed using partial correlation analysis while control chart is used to monitor the process behavior of both predicted and actual output value. The monitored out-of-control behavior is then diagnosed using SPE-contribution plot to identify the faulty input variables, thus pre-treatment can be executed before the refining process. The predicted model is successfully developed with MSE value less than 0.01 and three faulty variables are identified.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Rice Bran Oil in an Oil Burner
Authors: Burhani Burhani M , Jaafar Mohammad N M , Othman Norazila B , Azli Anis A M , Said Mazlan , Rahim Muhammad R , Malik Muhammad S A , Omar Wan Z W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The fossil fuels have been the most practical way to produce energy for industries, vehicles and homes due to their lower prices, good combustion properties and their availability compared to other types of fuels. However, in this era of modernization, one of the biggest challenges of humanity is depletion of fossil fuels may result the increasing of the price. Studies have found out that it is possible to improve physical and chemical characteristics of alternative fuel based biodiesel by using the transesterification process and hence act as an alternative to mineral diesel. Therefore, the study about the potentiality of the rice bran oil as biodiesel feedstock is explained in this paper. The aim of this study is determining the performance and emission characteristics of the rice bran oil biodiesel (RBOBD). In addition, the comparison is made for its combustion and emission characteristics to those of conventional diesel fuel (CDF). Results show that RBOBD is very good at minimizing emissions, especially CO and SO2 with the value 60 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. The establish information may help Malaysia to recognize the potentiality of the rice bran oil in order to replace the conventional fuel in the future.
Rheological Properties of Drilling Mud Consist of CMC Which is Made by Carton Waste and Chemical Additive of Na2CO3 for Reducing Lost Circulation
Authors: Rita Novia , Khalid Idham , Efras Muhammad Ridho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Drilling process has the most important main objective is to reach the reservoir zone safely, quickly, and economically. The important component in the drilling process is drilling fluid commonly called by drilling mud. The drilling mud design needs to be properly planned to avoid problems during drilling. The research was conducted for testing the drilling mud rheology by using CMC from carton waste with the addition of Na2CO3, this research was conducted with several scenarios, which in each scenario have different levels of CMC and Na2CO3, from each result scenario can be seen in the value of density, viscosity, mud cake, pH, and filtrate volume of each mud. Thus it can be seen the best mud rheology from the addition of CMC waste carton waste and Na2CO3 to the drilling mud. The results of this research is the addition of CMC waste carton and N2CO3 in the dominant drilling mud to rheology and aditive function of CMC in increasing the viscosity were in 5 gr sample with 4.5 gr of Na2CO3 addition, with density value: 8.75 ppg, viscosity: 26 cp, mud cake : 0.54 cm, pH: 1, and filtrate volume : 4.42 ml.
Construction Tender Pricing Strategies in Traditional Procurement System
Authors: Qi Liew Mei , Ramly Zuhaili Mohamad , Ariffin Hamizah Liyana Tajul , Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Dzahir Mohd Azwarie Md 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The fundamental activities carried out by a contractor are estimating and submitting pricing proposal, therefore contractors are required to make decision during pricing of Bills of Quantities (BQ) regarding the most suitable pricing strategies to be applied. Despite numerous of study has been carried out to identify effective pricing strategies to allow competitive pricing, contractor choose no strategies but relied on their instinct and feeling. This study is conducted to identify the current pricing strategies used by contractors and to determine the internal and external variables in making pricing strategies decision. Target respondents for this study are estimator in Grade 7 contractors. Semi-structure interviews and content analysis method is used to analyse the obtained data. The findings show that the tender pricing strategies adopted are cost based pricing, hybrid pricing and the combination of cost based and historical price based strategies. On the other hand, top management decision and company strength and weaknesses are the two internal variables in making pricing decision. Besides, the external variables in selection of pricing strategies is owner’s characteristics. Conclusively, this study can enhance the understandings on tender pricing strategies and outline the viable alternatives way to have a better position in project bidding.
Integrated Transport System: Challenges and Potential Toward Sustainability in the Malaysian Transport System
Authors: Musa Munirah , Hashim N F , Muhammad Rahimah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Integrated Transport System (ITS) is the technology of utilising intelligent application in management of transportation systems. Generally, ITS involves the merging of various transport systems of multiple types of transportation, and managing the movement of the cargo or passengers according to data collected, in terms of destination, congestions, routing and costs, to name a few. The idea behind ITS is to facilitate a better experience for moving of cargo and passengers, by integrating suitable modes of transport, based on real-time data of the best available routes, time and cost. ITS also aims for better comfort and efficiency, to beat the typical adverse effects of transport systems, particularly congestions, delays, and subsequent wastes such as pollutions to the environment. This paper examines trend of ITS in Malaysian, particularly in the Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley area, the potential and benefits that ITS can bring to improve on the current transport system.
Influence of Rainfall Characteristics on First Flush Behaviour
Authors: Zuraini Noor Atiqah , Alias Noraliani 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Urban stormwater with impervious surface often produces runoff with a variety of contaminants. This paper discusses an investigation into the influence of rainfall characteristics toward the first flush behaviour. This study involved field investigations, sampling of urban stormwater runoff, laboratory testing and data analysis. 15 stormwater samples were collected and executed manually in a small catchment, which represents the higher institution area in Skudai, Johor. Data collections were carried out on 9 November 2017. Correlation of pollutants such as total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and zinc with runoff were derived within the evaluation of hyetograph, hydrographs and pollutographs. The concentration varied at different stages of the same rainfall event. The higher strength of first flush was seen in case of TSS, BOD and zinc compared to TDS and COD. The finding shows that high rainfall intensity in the beginning of the event had contributed to the high wash off of some pollutants such as TSS, BOD and zinc. The concept of the first flush cannot be used alone to establish a reliable methodology to design treatment facilities. Additional knowledge and information are necessary.
Technical Information on ISO Shipping Container
Authors: Ling P C H , Tan C S , Lee Y H , Mohammad S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Shipping container had become popular among construction industry as alternative building material. However, the information on the shipping container detailing had been lacking and not easily accessible by designer. This paper summarised the technical information of ISO shipping container including geometry properties, materials and structural testing. The information was presented in tables which are easier to interpret and use in structural design.