bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transboundary water allocation in critical scarcity conditions: a stochastic bankruptcy approach
Authors: Janjua Shahmir , Hassan Ishtiaq 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A common problem in water resource allocation is to design a stable and feasible mechanism of water sharing in critical scarcity conditions. The task becomes very challenging when the water demand exceeds the available water resources reserves. To address this pervasive allocation problem related to transboundary rivers, the bankruptcy method is used. The bankruptcy method distributes water among riparian states when their total demand exceeds the total available water. This paper describes a new methodology for the allocation of scarce water resources in a complex system using a stochastic game theory which is an extension of bankruptcy theory. The authors have also proposed ‘weighted bankruptcy’ approach that can be used under a stochastic setting. The weighted bankruptcy approach favors agents with ‘high agricultural productivity’. The bankruptcy rules have been applied in the water resource system in four critical scarcity scenarios. The available water is allocated under the simple and weighted bankruptcy rules. The results showed that under all four scenarios, the weighted bankruptcy rules favor the agents which have a high agricultural productivity. The stochastic bankruptcy approach under the simple and the weighted bankruptcy rules can provide important strategic information for better management and sustainable sharing of water resources.
A socio-ecological perspective of the facilitators and barriers to uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in a slum setting in Kampala, Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Ssemugabo Charles , Halage Abdullah Ali , Namata Carol , Musoke David , Ssempebwa John C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We explored the facilitators and barriers to uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions among slum dwellers in Kampala, Uganda using a socio-ecological perspective. This qualitative exploration used focus group discussions with community members and key informant interviews with community leaders and technocrats to collect data. Among facilitators to uptake of WASH interventions were susceptibility to WASH-related diseases and low WASH knowledge levels at individual level, peer practices at household level, and promotion of WASH at organizational level. At community and public policy levels, community engagement and empowerment, and formation and enforcement of ordinances and bye-laws, respectively, motivated slums dwellers to adopt WASH interventions. Conversely, individual knowledge, beliefs, language, and financial status inhibited individuals from taking up WASH interventions. Negative peer practices and upbringing at peer level; unsupportive environments, and engagement of communities at organizational level; cultural beliefs and lack of space at community level; and unexamplary leaders and political interference barred slum dwellers in Kampala from embracing the WASH interventions. Uptake of WASH interventions in the slum community is influenced by a cascade of facilitators and barriers across the socio-ecological realm. Hence, a multi-faceted approach targeting all stakeholders is required in planning and implementation of WASH interventions.
Annual precipitation analysis and forecasting – taking Zhengzhou as an example
Authors: Tuo Wei , Zhang Xianqi , Song Chao , Hu Dengkui , Liang Tianyi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Precipitation is greatly affected by natural conditions and human activities, and its sequence has the characteristics of periodic variation and non-stationarity. In order to study the periodic characteristics of regional precipitation, reduce the non-stationarity of the water sequence and improve the forecasting accuracy, the Morlet wavelet model and CEEMD − Elman + ARIMA model are introduced, and applied to the precipitation sequence of Zhengzhou. The results show that the annual precipitation in Zhengzhou is mainly affected by periodic fluctuations of 55a, 40a and 15a, and the mean absolute error of the CEEMD − Elman + ARIMA model in 2013–2017 is 14.1%. Based on the analysis of precipitation period and forecast of future precipitation, the characteristics and evolution of precipitation in Zhengzhou are revealed. This provides a theoretical basis for rational utilization of water resources, prevention, industrial and agricultural production in Zhengzhou.
Design characteristics of perforated tray aerator
Authors: Roy Subha M. , Tanveer Mohammad , Mukherjee C. K. , Mal B. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe performance of the perforated tray aerator (PTA) was evaluated by conducting experiments in a tank of size 4 m × 4 m × 1.5 m. Based on the dimensional analysis, non-dimensional numbers related to geometric variables, viz. numbers of trays (n), ratio of consecutive width of tray to total height of aerator , ratio of perforation diameter to total height of aerator and ratio of the volume of water in the tank to total height of aerator were developed. Experiments were conducted with different numbers of trays (n): 1, 2, 3 and 4, keeping = 0.33, = 2.5 × 10−4, = 2,500 and pump flow rate (Q) = 0.010 m3/s as constants. The optimum number of perforated trays was found to be 3. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were used to further optimize the geometric variables with combinations of non-dimensional geometric variables , and . The flow rate (Q) of 0.013 m3/s and number of trays (n) as 3 were kept as constants. The optimum performance of PTA was obtained at = 0.665, = 1.85 × 10−4 and = 312.50 with the maximum non-dimensional standard aeration efficiency (NDSAE) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) of 35.58 × 10−3 and 1.45 kgO2/kWh.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota
Authors: De Musis Cristiana , Granata Lucia , Dallio Marcello , Miranda Agnese , Gravina Antonietta G. , Romano Marco 
Published: April 2020

:
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear
pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well
established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just
a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition
and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic
pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been
suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients.

:
The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its
involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota,
such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.
Drug-induced Bile Duct Injury - A Short Review
Authors: Dobreva Inna , Karagyozov Petko 
Published: April 2020

:The liver represents the major site of drug metabolism, i.e. the key organ in the processes of detoxification and elimination of drugs from the organism. It is therefore often affected by toxic metabolites and suffers sometimes fatal consequences. The spectrum of pathologies differs by the cell type primarily damaged and the group of the cholangiopathies includes those conditions affecting the bile duct epithelium or the cholangiocytes. They can range from transient cholestasis to vanishing bile duct syndrome and sclerosing cholangitis, both leading eventually to the development of biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis.:In this review article, we focus on the etiology, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, and histopathological characteristics of bile duct injury as a consequence of drug treatment and discuss separately the different bile duct pathologies.
Acetate Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Nitric Oxide Production in Primary Rat Microglia but not in BV-2 Microglia Cells
Authors: Moriyama Mitsuaki , Nishimura Yasunori , Kurebayashi Ryosuke , Minamihata Tomoki , Kawabe Kenji , Takano Katsura , Nakamura Yoichi 
Published: April 2020

Aims:
To show that acetate attenuates neuroinflammatory responses in activated microglia.

Background:
Dietary acetate supplementation alleviates neuroglial activation in a rat model of
neuroinflammation induced by intraventricular administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the
precise mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of acetate is not fully understood.

Objective:
To determine whether acetate has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced neuroinflammatory
responses in microglia.

Methods:
We examined LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in primary rat microglia and BV-2
cells. Protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was determined by western blot analysis. The
intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated.

Results:
In primary microglia, acetate decreased LPS-stimulated NO production in a dose-dependent
manner, reaching significance at greater than 10 mM, and cell viability was not affected. Acetate suppressed
LPS-induced expression of iNOS protein concomitantly with the decrease in NO. The LPS-induced
increase in intracellular ROS production was attenuated by acetate. In addition, acetate prevented LPSinduced reduction of GSH. Notably, such suppressive effects of acetate on NO and ROS production were
not observed in BV-2 cells.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that acetate may alleviate neuroinflammatory responses by attenuating
NO and ROS production in primary microglia but not in BV-2 cells.
Other: All animals received humane care and the animal protocols used in this study were approved by the
Ethics Committees for Animal Experimentation.
Analyzing Phytochemicals as Inhibitors of Diabetes Mellitus 2 Causing Proteins based on Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Protocols
Authors: Chaudry Sobia Nazir , Hussain Waqar , Rasool Nouman 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is one of the complex diseases, affecting people both in developed
and developing countries. Plant extracted compounds known as phytochemicals are worthy because they
have various medicinal properties.

Objective:
The present study aims at the in silico discovery of novel potent inhibitors against Diabetes
Mellitus type 2.

Methods:
A total of 2750 phytochemicals from various medicinal important plants were collected for this
study. Origin of these plants was Pakistan and India. The ADMET, molecular docking approaches were
used to determine the binding and reactivity of these phytochemicals as Diabetes Mellitus type 2 inhibitors.

Results:
The ADMET analysis and molecular docking resulted in the selection of 42 phytochemicals (3
against Glucokinase receptor, 22 against Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate protein and 17 for multidrug-resistant
protein) showing high binding affinity as compared to the previously reported inhibitors of Diabetes
Mellitus type 2.

Conclusions:
These 42 phytochemicals can be considered novel inhibitors against Diabetes Mellitus
type 2 and can be selected for additional in vitro and in vivo studies to develop a suitable drug
against diabetes.
Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Predictors of Body Image Disturbance in Adolescence
Authors: Collison James , Harrison Lisa 
Published: April 2020

Background:Body dysmorphic disorder encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioural states stemming from distressing, negative evaluations of one’s appearance. Despite the seriousness of this condition, little is known about who is likely to receive a diagnosis and more importantly what the putative risk factors are. This is particularly so among adolescent samples, where the extant literature is considerably smaller.Objective:This study had two broad aims: to estimate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder within a young-adult population, and to examine the predictors of body image disturbance.Methods:Three-hundred and four adolescents (242 females; Mage = 17.68) completed the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, along with measures of clinical psychopathology, self-esteem, experiences of parenting, and bullying.Results:Body dysmorphic disorder was present in 3.9% of the sample, which is in line with previous estimates among adolescents. More interestingly, results indicated that instances of high stress, low self-esteem, and reported experiences of bullying were able to predict 48% of body image dissatisfaction.Conclusions:Psychological interventions should be directed towards adolescents with body image concerns, especially if they also report bullying, elevated stress, or diminished selfesteem. However, additional research is still warranted to gain an increasingly accurate understanding of the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and who is susceptible to developing this disorder and how we can best serve these individuals in the community.
Meshing and Bearing Analysis of Nutation Drive with Face Gear
Authors: Wang Guangxin , Zhu Lili , Wang Peng , Deng Jia 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Nutation drive is being extensively investigated due to its ability to achieve a
high reduction ratio with a compact structure and the potential for low vibration, high efficiency and
design flexibility. However, many problems including the difficulty to process the inner bevel gear, less
number of teeth in engagement and not being suitable for high-power transmission have restricted its
development.

Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contact strength of a patent about a new nutation
drive developed based on meshing between two face gears, which has the advantages of both face gear
and nutation drive, including large transmission ratio, large coincidence, small size, compact structure
and strong bearing capacity.

Methods:
Based on the meshing principle and basic structure of the nutation face gear drive, the contact
strength of nutation face gear transmission is analyzed by the Hertz contact analysis method and FEM
method.

Results:
The maximum stress values of nutation face gear teeth are compared by two methods, which
verify the accuracy of Hertz contact analytical method in calculating the contact strength of nutation
face gear teeth. Furthermore, nine groups of three-dimensional models for the nutation face gear drive
with a transmission ratio of 52 and different cutter parameters are established.

Conclusion:
The study analyzes the contact stress of fixed and rotary face gears in meshing with planetary
face gears, and obtains the distribution law of contact stress and the influence of the number of
teeth and parameters of the cutter on the load-carrying capacity.
FARKLI DİSİPLİNLERDEKİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ENERJİ KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK ALGILARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Yıldırır Hasene Esra , Işıktaş Tuğba , Yıldırım Ayşenur 
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada, enerji kavramının farklı disiplinler tarafından nasıl
algılandığı ve aralarında farklılık olup olmadığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Veri
toplamak amacıyla kelime ilişkilendirme testi (KİT) kullanılmıştır. KİT’te, öğretmen adaylarından (biyoloji, fen
bilgisi, fizik ve kimya) ‘enerji’ denilince akıllarına gelen ilk on kelimeyi
sıralamaları ve anahtar kavram ve belirtikleri kelimeler ile ilgili bir cümle
kurmaları beklenmiştir. Çalışmaya 325 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Kelime
ilişkilendirme testinden elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz teknikleri ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Veri analizinde, enerji kavramı için öğrencilerin
verdikleri cevap kavramların frekansları belirlenmiş ve bu cevap kavramlar
kategorileştirilmiştir. Cevap kavramlardan yola çıkılarak kavram ağları
çizilmiştir. Testte yer alan cümleler bir kodlama sistemi ile analiz
edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, enerji çeşitleri/enerji kaynakları, birim/formül,
fizik ve kimya ortak kavramları, yaşam sürekliliği için enerji, biyoloji
kavramları, fizik kavramları, kimya kavramları, enerji ile ilgili günlük
kullanımlar ve enerjinin özellikleri şeklinde kategoriler belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen
adaylarının enerji ve ilgili kavramlar hakkında benzer bilgi eksikliklerine ve
yanılgılarına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Morphogenesis of Penile Cavernous Fibrosis in Hypotestosteronemia: an Experimental Study
Authors: Kogan M. I. , Todorov S. S. , Popov I. V. , Popov I. V. , Kulishova M. A. , Ermakov A. M. , Sizyakin D. V. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Erectile dysfunction is a multifactorial condition that is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. The classic method for studying the fundamental aspects of erectile reactions in normal and pathological conditions, as well as creating new methods of treatment, is experimental animal models used in preclinical studies. However, for more than 30 years of studying this problem in experimental researches, the specific moment of occurrence of morphological alterations in the cavernous bodies of the penis has not been established. In addition, the choice of the time frame of the developed therapeutic effects on the penis is not substantiated and differs for various authors, which indicates the lack of validity of their results.Purpose of the study. To determine the features of morphological alterations and the severity of fibrogenic pathological process in the cavernous bodies of the penis in the time dynamics of experimental modeling of hypotestosteronemia.Materials and methods. Laboratory animals is 20 white male rabbits, «New Zealand» breed, Oryctolagus cuniculus genus. Penile cavernous fibrosis in rabbits was induced by hypotestosteinemia due to bilateral orchiectomy. The level of total testosterone in the systemic blood flow in laboratory animals was determined on 1, 2, 3, 14, 21, and 28 days. Biopsies of penile tissues were evaluated by pathomorphological examination (Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Weigert’s staining, and light microscopy). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using Microsoft Excel and «Statistica 10.0» programs using the Student`s T-criteria.Results. Castration of rabbits leads to a 10-fold decrease in blood testosterone levels after 1 day after castration. Testosterone deficiency occurs by day 28. Morphological signs of the restructuring of smooth muscle cells, sinuses and connective tissue structures in the cavernous bodies of the penis are clearly defined by the day 7 after castration. Severe fibrotic changes in the cavernous tissues of the penis were noted at day 28.Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data demonstrate the dynamics of morphological alterations in penile tissues as early as 7 days after inducing hypotestosteronemia, which indicates the need to revise the time frame of therapeutic effects in studies using the castration animal model of erectile dysfunction.
Needs, Experiences, and Views of People With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases on Self-Management Mobile Health Apps: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Najm Aurelie , Lempp Heidi , Gossec Laure , Berenbaum Francis , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: April 2020

Background
Despite the growing interest and exponential popularity of mobile health (mHealth) apps for long-term conditions such as rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and their self-management, patients are rarely directly consulted and involved in the app development process.

Objective
This study aims to explore the needs, experiences, and views of people diagnosed with RMDs on mHealth apps.

Methods
The study used a mixed methods approach: (1) an initial qualitative phase via a patient focus group in the UK and (2) a survey disseminated through national organizations for patients with RMDs across European countries, the United States, Canada, and Australia.

Results
The focus group included six patients with life-long musculoskeletal conditions. Half had used a self-management app at least once. The use of existing apps was reported as time-consuming due to a lack of functionality. The need for bespoke apps was voiced by all participants. Among 424 patients across European countries, the United States, Canada, and Australia, the main age group was 45 to 54 years (122/424, 28.7%), and 86.8% (368/424) were women. Half of the respondents were aware of the existence of apps to support self-management of their RMDs (188/355, 53%), with 42% (79/188) of them currently using such devices. Patients were mostly interested in an app to self-monitor their health parameters (259/346, 74.9%) and disease activity (221/346, 63.9%) or communicate directly with their health care provider (200/346, 57.8%).

Conclusions
Patients considered that using an app could help them to self-manage their RMD condition if it was tailored to their needs and co-developed with health professionals. The development of such apps will require standardization and regular quality control.
Developing Mental or Behavioral Health Mobile Apps for Pilot Studies by Leveraging Survey Platforms: A Do-it-Yourself Process
Authors: Chow Philip I 
Published: April 2020

Background
Behavioral health researchers are increasingly recognizing the potential of mobile phone apps to deliver empirically supported treatments. However, current options for developing apps typically require large amounts of expertise or money.

Objective
This paper aims to describe a pragmatic do-it-yourself approach for researchers to create and pilot an Android mobile phone app using existing survey software (eg, Qualtrics survey platform).

Methods
This study was conducted at an academic research center in the United States focused on developing and evaluating behavioral health technologies. The process outlined in this paper was derived and condensed from the steps to building an existing app intervention, iCanThrive, which was developed to enhance mental well-being in women cancer survivors.

Results
This paper describes an inexpensive, practical process that uses a widely available survey software, such as Qualtrics, to create and pilot a mobile phone intervention that is presented to participants as a Web viewer app that is downloaded from the Google Play store. Health researchers who are interested in using this process to pilot apps are encouraged to inquire about the survey platforms available to them, the level of security those survey platforms provide, and the regulatory guidelines set forth by their institution.

Conclusions
As app interventions continue to gain interest among researchers and consumers alike, it is important to find new ways to efficiently develop and pilot app interventions before committing a large amount of resources. Mobile phone app interventions are an important component to discovering new ways to reach and support individuals with behavioral or mental health disorders.