bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FLUXO DE CAIXA PROJETADO CONSIDERANDO OS EFEITOS DO RISCO, POR MEIO DA SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO: APLICADO A EMPRESA DE PEQUENO PORTE DO SETOR DE COMÉRCIO DE PRODUTOS AGROPECUÁRIOS
Authors: Cezar Gislaine Siebre , Junior Valdir Serafim , Besen Fabíola Graciele , Mathias Linda Rose , Dos Santos Christiano Wendt 
Published: November 2019

Uma forma de considerar os riscos de uma empresa é utilizar simulações baseadas no método de Monte Carlo. Esse método gera números aleatórios para os recebimentos previstos, baseados em premissas adotadas. Após a geração de cada evento, coloca-se o valor presente líquido do fluxo de caixa gerado em uma distribuição de frequência acumulada, a fim de verificar sua probabilidade de ocorrência. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa buscou responder: Como projetar um fluxo de caixa das atividades operacionais de uma empresa de pequeno porte, utilizando o método de Monte Carlo? A pesquisa se enquadra como bibliográfica quanto aos procedimentos, exploratória e explicativa quanto aos objetivos, conduzida pelo método indutivo, sob o enfoque de uma abordagem quantitativa, se concretizando como uma pesquisa aplicada de caráter de estudo de caso e os dados foram coletados por meio da pesquisa documental. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de fluxo de caixa, usando o Método de Monte Carlo, a fim de projetar o caixa líquido das atividades operacionais da empresa para o ano de 2017. Como resposta, se obteve um diagnóstico da situação financeira de uma empresa comercial de produtos agropecuários, que possibilitou a verificação por antecedência aos administradores de problemas financeiros para ações preventivas, principalmente em relação à utilização de capitais de terceiros.
Economic Aspects of Ecological Problems Solving for Russian Cities
Authors: Pyzheva Yu. I. , Zander Y. V. 
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is the ecological situation in 12 selected cities: Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Lipetsk, Magnitogorsk, Mednogorsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Norilsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Cherepovets and Chita. The purposes of the work are to analyze the structure, subjects, goals and objectives of the project “Pure Air” that is a part of a large-scale national project “Ecology”, as well as to evaluate the concrete character level of the proposed actions and their prospective effectiveness. In the course of the research only open sources of information, data of statistical organizations and relevant Ministries Departments were used. A conclusion is made about the large scale of the declared investment programmes of industrial enterprises (including heat-andpower enterprises) that will highly likely be fulfilled as they are carried out at the sole cost and expense of the enterprises. It is concluded in the article that complex plans to reduce emission of pollutants appear to be quite consequent and well-developed and they should lead to the achievement of the main project goal that is to reduce the total emission volume by at least 20%, and to change the load status of the cities under consideration from “very high” to “high”. If the majority of the actions planned is realized, the ecological situation in the selected cities will change significantly, which will allow to use the obtained experience in other Russian cities.
International Experience of Green Bond Issue
Authors: Khmyz O. V. 
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is current state and trends in a new segment of international finance market — the market of green bonds aiming at financing ecological projects.The purpose of the work is to assess the prospects of using green bonds through comparative analysis of their issuing actions taking into consideration the newest trends in world economy and finance developments. The importance of the article is predetermined by the novelty of the study subject, by the growth in number of issuing such bonds in both developed and developing countries due to the global trend of becoming more ecological, as well as by public support for ecologically pure projects. Moreover, green bonds allocation practices in different countries demonstrate their financial success attracting this way private investors to the sphere. The success is also supported by the process of specialization and certification. The author also emphasizes the trend of growing specialization in the field of international green bonds and confirms the prospects if its digitalization. The emission of green bonds should meet some specific requirements, such as verification conducted before their access to the market through an independent expertise by a third party. It is concluded that it is advisable to stimulate green bonds emission and circulation because of their viability on the world financial market.
Tax Instruments for Mitigating Dumps (EU Experience)
Authors: Khavanova I. A. 
Published: November 2019

The importance of the research topic is determined by the acuteness of the growing number of industrial and domestic waste dumps in the Russian Federation that pollute the environment, which demands for making urgent resolutions in order to mitigate the amount of waste, as well as to develop the industry for their processing. The subjects of the research are tax instruments to be used for reducing the amounts of waste taken to the dumps, the dumps liquidation in case they are not given sanction to operate. The purpose of the work is to summarize the experience of EU memberstates and to suggest ways of using it in domestic practice of waste management. The author also focuses on the evolution of approaches to tax politics forming according to the hierarchy of waste management methods. The research was conducted on the base of systemic approach using a wide range of scientific methods (comparative analysis, data grouping, logical analysis, etc.) As dumps the author considers both official ones and any landfill or waste disposal site that not necessary meets official requirements for such places and can cause harm to the environment. It is concluded that current tax instruments are intended for both solving problems of recycling of industrial and domestic waste and for its management. European countries successfully employ taxes on dumps and on burning waste as a way to reduce ecological impact of dumps on the environment. Taxes are in an important economic instrument for nature preservation, they can be more efficient than restricting measures as public payments create value signals changing businesses and population behavior. At the same time, every country uses its own mix of tax instruments to achieve their goals.
Water Resources of Russia: State, Utilization, Protection, Management Issues
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V. I. 
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is particular qualities of water resources causing methodological difficulties of their quantity and quality assessment according to the data from hydra monitoring conducted by specialized bodies.The purpose of the work is estimate of state, utilization, and protection of water resources in order to solve problems of water development environment of the country.The author argues that at least two assessments are necessary — of static storage and of renewable capacity. Data of Russian water resources, their ecological state, and their utilization in the economy, as well as anthropogenic impact and its after-effects are given and analyzed. The author also analyzes the reasons of discrepancy between the data on the water quality in the water bodies and the information about negative impact reduction in Russia. Tasks for water resources and water economy management system are formulated, the quality of these tasks solution in modern Russia is assessed; objective as well as subjective factors complicating the system’s work are revealed. The scientific tasks for the development of water resources and water economy management system are formulated.It is concluded that water is the major biosphere cosystemforming factor depending on the capacity, consumptive water use methods, as well as other factors of water protection that should be within the competence of water resources management in order to improve the nation’s environment protection. Nevertheless, the Russian water resources and water economy management system remains behind the developed countries level, and it needs a speedy development in the directions indicated in the article.
Functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using hamstring auto graft.
Authors: Khan Zeeshan Ali , Altaf Benash , Javed Samia , Altaf Sadaf , Jawed Shireen 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The knee joint is made of two cruciate ligaments. One is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) which is weaker when it comes to comparison with the other cruciate ligament known as posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). ACL tears are most common and frequently neglected. ACL tear is affecting 70% of the population and this high incidence reflects the significance of the problem. Reason of restoration of a torn ACL is to provide knee stability, knee motion in a safe wide range and to prevent osetoarthritis OA. The gold standard for ACL auto-graft reconstruction is bone patella-tendon bone (BTB) which is still questioned by many researchers as this technique followed subjects suffered from knee pain. So aim is to use and to access outcomes of hamstring auto-graft for reconstruction ACL by using Tegner’s score. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private based hospital, Faisalabad. Period: January 2017 to January 2019. Material and Methods: It was comprised of in comprised of 97 subjects recruited on the base of positive Tegners score. Demographic data including age was presented as mean and standard deviation. Data was stratified for the variables i.e. age, gender, duration of disease and pre-operative Tegner activity rating scale to address the effect modifiers. Post-stratification Chi-square test is applied to check the significance with P-value less than 0.05 as significant. Regression was applied to check the effect of age on Tegner’s scor. Results: This study comprised of 97 subjects (81 male, 16 females83.5.5% and 16.5% respectively from private setup based hospital with mean age of 31±11.1.Our study showed 96.9% subjects with improved Tegner’s scale after ACL reconstruction following hamstring autograph technique. Regression was also applied to check the effect of age on Tegner’s score which was found to be significant (p value0.00*). Conclusion: Hamstring technique showed good outcomes which can be used to reconstruct ACL for better quality lifestyle.
Evaluation of neoplastic bone lesions: A morphological study at a tertiary care centre.
Authors: Shah Karam Ali , Naqvi Qaiser Husain , Shah Saeed Ali , Soomro Zahoor Illahi , Akhund Muhammed Azeem , Abbasi Allah Nawaz 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine the pattern and frequency of various bone tumors at a tertiary care centre in rural area. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Orthopaedic Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences (PUMHS), Nawabshah. Period: June to December 2018. Material and Methods: The 5 years record from July 2015 to June 2018, of all the patients who were admitted and operated for any bone tumor was retrieved. A total of 68 cases were included in the study having complete file record, regardless of their age and sex, the histopathological report of their bone biopsy was mandatory for inclusion in the study. The patients of incomplete file record, without histopathological report and the cases of other bone non-neoplastic conditions were not included in the study. All the collected data was recorded on a proforma, analysed statistically and results were tabulated. Results: In present study 68 cases of bone tumors were evaluated. The patients were aged between 7.5 to 73 years with a mean of 26.4 + 12.7 years. Among these 68 cases 41 (60.3%) were male. The malignant tumors were diagnosed in 25 (36.8%) cases among these 14 (20.6%) cases in male patients and 11 (16.2%) cases in female. The overall benign tumors were observed in 43 (63.2%) cases, and among these 27 (39.7%) cases were male and 16 (23.5%) cases were female. Osteosarcoma was the most common malignant tumor diagnosed in 14/25 (56%) cases followed by chondrosarcoa in 4/25 (16%) cases. In benign tumors the osteochondroma was the commonest tumor detected in 11/43 (25.6%) cases followed by benign giant cell tumor which was diagnosed in 9/43 (21%) cases. Most of the malignant tumors (24%) were diagnosed in 11 - 20 years age group, and most of benign tumors were detected in 21-30 and 31- 40 age groups each comprising of 23.3% cases. Three cases of metastatic tumors were also diagnosed and all were present in older 61 – 70 years age group. Conclusion: The bone tumors are more common in males, occurred predominantly in the second decade of life. osteochondroma and osteosarcoma was the most common benign and malignant bone tumors. Metastatic lesions were observed in older age group.
The association between pre hospital use of proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis.
Authors: Baloch Muhammad Hussain , Awan Riaz Hussain , Nayab Seema , Hussain Awan Khadim , Muhammad Awan Faqir 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine the association between pre hospital use of proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Case control study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: Six months (From 1st – March-2017 to 31st – August-2017). Material and Methods: There were 120 patients with cirrhosis were included in this study. Sixty patients were cases with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and 60 patients were control without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. All patients were interviewed for pre hospital intake of PPI (as per operational definition). All the data was entered on predesigned proforma (attached). Results: The average age of the patients was 42.47±9.87 years. Rate of PPI use was significantly higher among cases with SBP (46.7%) as compared to the patients without SBP (23.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, PPI use (acid suppression) was associated with the development of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. We recommend that PPI indications in cirrhotic patients should be frequently re-evaluated with particular attention devoted to duration of use, especially following endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).
A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Based on Reversible Cellular Automata
Authors: Latif AliMohammad , Mehrnahad Zeinab 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new scheme for image encryption is presented by reversible cellular automata. The presented scheme is applied in three individual steps. Firstly, the image is blocked and the pixels are substituted by a reversible cellular automaton. Then, image pixels are scrambled by an elementary cellular automata and finally the blocks are attached and pixels are substituted by an individual reversible cellular automaton. Due to reversibility of used cellular automata, decryption scheme can reversely be applied. The experimental results show that encrypted image is suitable visually and this scheme has satisfied quantitative performance.
The Effect of Methacrylic Acid and Maleic Acid on the Isothermal Kinetics of Acrylic Acid Crosslinking Co-polymerization under Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena Dragoslav , Adnadjevic Borivoj 
Published: November 2019

The kinetics of free-radical crosslinking co-polymerization (FRCCP) of acrylic acid (AA) with both methacrylic acid (MA) (PAMA hydrogel ) and maleic acid (MAL) (PAMAL hydrogel) was investigated under the conditions of isothermal conventional heating (CH) and under the conditions of microwave heating (MWH) with controlled cooling. The kinetics curves of FRCCP of PAMA and PAMAL hydrogels under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of second order chemical reaction, whereas the kinetics curves under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of Polany-Winger. It is proved that MWH leads to the changes in the rate of FRCCP and to the changes in the values of the kinetic parameters (activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (lnA). It was found the existence of relationship between the values of the kinetic parameters calculated for MWH and CH for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel synthesis process, which is well-known as compensation effect. The effect of MWH on the kinetics of FRCCP for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel formation were explained by applying the model of activation by selective energy transfer (SET). The changes in kinetics model, rate of FRCCP and kinetics parameters, caused with the MWH can found wide application in designing novel technologies for obtaining polymers and for synthesis of polymers with novel physico-chemical properties. The suggested mechanism of activation for polymerisation under the conditions of MWH also enables development of novel reaction systems and technologies for polymers productions.
On fractional Liénard--type systems
Authors: Fleitas A. , Mendez-Bermudez J. A. , Napoles Valdes J. E. , Sigarreta Almira J. M. 
Published: November 2019

In this work we present numerical results of classical Li\'{e}nard--type systems in a very general context, since we consider several types of derivatives (integer order and fractional order, global and local). Additionally we made theoretical-methodological observations. En este trabajo presentamos resultados num´ericos de sistemas tipo Li´enard en un contexto muy general ya que consideramos varios tipos dederivadas (de orden entero y fraccionario, globales y locales). Adicionalmente hacemos observaciones te ´oricas y metodol´ogicas.
Análise dos erros dos alunos no ensino de leitura e escrita
Authors: Alvarez Maria Fernanda Cazo , Almeida-Verdu Ana Claudia Moreira 
Published: November 2019

Objetivos:
Esse trabalho pretendeu analisar as respostas de ler e escrever, a modificação e os tipos de erros apresentados por alunos de uma sala de recursos durante a exposição a um currículo de ensino de leitura e escrita sistematizado e informatizado.
Metodologia:
Foram analisados dados de nove alunos expostos ao programa. As respostas identificadas como incorretas foram categorizadas de acordo com a literatura e calculada sua frequência de ocorrência ao longo das unidades do programa.
Resultados:
Os resultados demonstraram diminuição das respostas incorretas, principalmente aquelas sem correspondência com a resposta alvo, mais presentes no pré-teste de unidade, e aumento da ocorrência de respostas com maior correspondência com a palavra alvo, mais presentes no pós-testes.
Conclusões:
Ao final do programa as respostas dos participantes passaram a ter mais correspondência com a palavra alvo, mesmo para aquelas palavras não ensinadas diretamente, demonstrando a efetividade do programa no ensino de leitura recombinativa.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT BERBANTUAN MEDIA TEKA-TEKI SILANG TERHADAP MOTIVASI SISWA PADA MATERI KOLOID
Authors: Safitri Selviana , Kurniawan Rizmahardian A , Fadhilah Raudhatul 
Published: November 2019

<p class="abstrak">Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>teams game tournament </em> berbantuan media teka-teki silang terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada materi Koloid. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian <em>nonequivalent control group design</em>. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA yang berjumlah 120 siswa. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 3 yang berjumlah 80 siswa menggunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling. </em>Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan komunikasi langsung dan observasi langsung. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan panduan wawancara dan pedoman observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe <em>teams game tournament</em> berpengaruh terhadap motivasi siswa sebesar 96,64%; (2) Terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan <em>teams game tournament</em> berbantuan media teka-teki silang dan metode ceramah pada materi Koloid; dan (3) Nilai <em>effect size </em>motivasi siswa sebesar 1,83.</p><p class="abstrak"><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong><em> teams game tournament</em>, motivasi siswa<em>, </em>teka-teki silang.</p>
A comparison of publication to TBI burden ratio of low- and middle-income countries versus high-income countries: how can we improve worldwide care of TBI?
Authors: Tropeano Maria Pia , Spaggiari Riccardo , Ileyassoff Hernán , Park Kee B. , Kolias Angelos G. , Hutchinson Peter J. , Servadei Franco 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health problem and more than 70% of trauma-related deaths are estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nevertheless, there is a consistent lack of data from these countries. The aim of this work is to estimate the capacity of different and heterogeneous areas of the world to report and publish data on TBI. In addition, we wanted to estimate the countries with the highest and lowest number of publications when taking into account the relative TBI burden.METHODSFirst, a bibliometric analysis of all the publications about TBI available in the PubMed database from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, was performed. These data were tabulated by country and grouped according to each geographical region as indicated by the WHO: African Region (AFR), Region of the Americas (PAH), South-East Asia Region (SEAR), European Region (EUR), Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and Western Pacific Region (WPR). In this analysis, PAH was further subdivided into Latin America (AMR-L) and North America (AMR-US/Can). Then a “publication to TBI volume ratio” was derived to estimate the research interest in TBI with respect to the frequency of this pathology.RESULTSBetween 2008 and 2018 a total of 8144 articles were published and indexed in the PubMed database about TBI. Leading WHO regions in terms of contributions were AMR-US/Can with 4183 articles (51.36%), followed by EUR with 2003 articles (24.60%), WPR with 1507 (18.50%), AMR-L with 141 articles (1.73%), EMR with 135 (1.66%), AFR with 91 articles (1.12%), and SEAR with 84 articles (1.03%). The highest publication to TBI volume ratios were found for AMR-US/Can (90.93) and EUR (21.54), followed by WPR (8.71) and AMR-L (2.43). Almost 90 times lower than the ratio of AMR-US/Can were the ratios for AFR (1.15) and SEAR (0.46).CONCLUSIONSAn important disparity currently exists between countries with a high burden of TBI and those in which most of the research is conducted. A call for improvement of data collection and research outputs along with an increase in international collaboration could quantitatively and qualitatively improve the ability of LMICs to ameliorate TBI care and develop clinical practice guidelines.