bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic‐induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways
Authors: Lu Chieh‐Hsiang , Ou Hsiu‐Chung , Day Cecilia‐Hsuan , Chen Hsiu‐I , Pai Pei‐Ying , Lee Cheng‐Yu , Chen Ray‐Jade , Chang Ruey‐Lin , PadmaViswanadha Vijaya , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt has been well‐documented that the consumption of deep sea water (DSW) has beneficial effects on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac apoptosis induced by hypercholesterolemia. However, the molecular mechanisms for the anti‐inflammatory effects of DSW on diabetic cardiomyopathy are still largely unclear. The main purpose of this present study was to test the hypothesis that DSW exerts anti‐inflammatory effects through the suppression of the TNF‐α‐mediated signaling pathways. IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 65 mg/kg was used to establish a diabetes rat model. DSW mineral extracts that diluted in desalinated water were prepared in three different dosages and administered to the rats through gavages for 4 weeks. These dosages are DSW‐1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+/kg/day), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+/kg/day) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+ mg/kg/day). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that the protein expression level of TNF‐α was markedly higher in the STZ‐induced diabetic rat hearts than in the control group. Consequently, the phosphorylation levels of the TNF‐α‐modulated downstream signaling molecules and P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were notably elevated in heart tissues of STZ‐induced diabetes. These higher phosphorylation levels subsequently upregulated NF‐κB‐modulated inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)‐II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, treatment with DSW as well as MgSO4, the main mineral in DSW, significantly reversed all the alterations. These findings suggest that DSW has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing diabetes‐related cardiovascular diseases.
Efficient inference in state-space models through adaptive learning in online Monte Carlo expectation maximization
Authors: Henderson Donna , Lunter Gerton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExpectation maximization (EM) is a technique for estimating maximum-likelihood parameters of a latent variable model given observed data by alternating between taking expectations of sufficient statistics, and maximizing the expected log likelihood. For situations where sufficient statistics are intractable, stochastic approximation EM (SAEM) is often used, which uses Monte Carlo techniques to approximate the expected log likelihood. Two common implementations of SAEM, Batch EM (BEM) and online EM (OEM), are parameterized by a “learning rate”, and their efficiency depend strongly on this parameter. We propose an extension to the OEM algorithm, termed Introspective Online Expectation Maximization (IOEM), which removes the need for specifying this parameter by adapting the learning rate to trends in the parameter updates. We show that our algorithm matches the efficiency of the optimal BEM and OEM algorithms in multiple models, and that the efficiency of IOEM can exceed that of BEM/OEM methods with optimal learning rates when the model has many parameters. Finally we use IOEM to fit two models to a financial time series. A Python implementation is available athttps://github.com/luntergroup/IOEM.git.
Niche separation between different functional types of mixoplankton: results from NPZ-style N-based model simulations
Authors: Anschütz Anna-A , Flynn Kevin J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtist plankton comprise phytoplankton (incapable of phagotrophy), protozooplankton (incapable of phototrophy) and mixoplankton (capable of phototrophy and phagotrophy). Of these, only phytoplankton and zooplankton are typically described in models. Over the last decade, however, the importance of mixoplankton across all marine biomes has risen to prominence. We thus need descriptions of mixoplankton within marine models. Here we present a simple yet flexible N-based model describing any one of the five basic patterns of protist plankton: phytoplankton, protozooplankton, and the three functional groups of mixoplankton: general non-constitutive mixoplankton (GNCM), specialist non-constitutive mixoplankton (SNCM), and constitutive mixoplankton (CM). By manipulation of a few input switch values, the same model can be used to describe any of these patterns, while adjustment of salient features, such as the percent of C-fixation required for mixotrophic growth, and the rate of phototrophic prey ingestion required to enable growth of GNCM and SNCM types, readily provides fine tuning. Example outputs are presented showing how the performance of these different protist configurations accords with expectations (set against empirical evidence). Simulations demonstrate clear niche separations between these protist functional groups according to nutrient, prey and light resource availabilities. This addition to classic NPZ plankton models provides for the exploration of the implications of mixoplankton activity in a simple yet robust fashion.
Development of automated angle-scanning, high-speed surface plasmon resonance imaging and SPRi visualization for the study of dropwise condensation
Authors: Ahangar Shahab Bayani , Konduru Vinaykumar , Allen Jeffrey S. , Miljkovic Nenad , Lee Seong Hyuk , Choi Chang Kyoung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and testing of a novel angle-scanning surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) instrument. The combination of two stationary mirrors and two angle-controlled mirrors provides high accuracy (up to 10−3°) and high-speed angular probing. This instrument minimizes the angle-dependent image artifact that arises due to beam walk, which is the biggest challenge for the use of SPRi with angular modulation (AM). In the work described in this paper, two linear stages were employed to minimize the image artifact by adjusting the location of the angle-controlled mirrors and the camera. The SPRi instrument was used to visualize coalescence during dropwise condensation. The results show that the effect of the environment’s temperature on reflectance was less than 1% when the incident angle was carefully chosen for SPRi with intensity modulation (IM). This means that condensation visualization can be carried out at ambient temperatures, without the need for a Peltier stage or a thermally controlled condensing surface. The concept of pixel neighboring was employed to assess the probability of noise and the standard error of thin film measurement. Experimental analyses during dropwise condensation show (1) the presence of a thin film with thickness of one monolayer, and (2) surface coverage of 0.71 m2/m2 by the thin film in the area between the droplets. In addition, analyses showed the existence of a dry area at the part of the substrate exposed by coalescence to ambient air. The results of this work undermine the validity of the film rupture theory as the dropwise condensation mechanism.

Graphic abstract
Tropical climate variability in the Community Earth System Model: Data Assimilation Research Testbed
Authors: Eliashiv Jonathan , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Miller Arthur J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new prototype coupled ocean–atmosphere Ensemble Kalman Filter reanalysis product, the Community Earth System Model using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (CESM-DART), is studied by comparing its tropical climate variability to other reanalysis products, available observations, and a free-running version of the model. The results reveal that CESM-DART produces fields that are comparable in overall performance with those of four other uncoupled and coupled reanalyses. The clearest signature of differences in CESM-DART is in the analysis of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and other tropical atmospheric waves. MJO energy is enhanced over the free-running CESM as well as compared to the other products, suggesting the importance of the surface flux coupling at the ocean–atmosphere interface in organizing convective activity. In addition, high-frequency Kelvin waves in CESM-DART are reduced in amplitude compared to the free-running CESM run and the other products, again supportive of the oceanic coupling playing a role in this difference. CESM-DART also exhibits a relatively low bias in the mean tropical precipitation field and mean sensible heat flux field. Conclusive evidence of the importance of coupling on data assimilation performance will require additional detailed direct comparisons with identically formulated, uncoupled data assimilation runs.
Radiological trends in trampoline-related paediatric injuries in a major paediatric trauma centre: a 6-year experience
Authors: Chambers Greg , Holton Colin , Kraft Jeannette K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim
Review of visits to the radiology department related to trampoline injuries in a major trauma centre in the UK over a 6-year period, and analysis of imaging performed, injury type, and seasonal trends in children under 18 years of age.

Subject and methods
Retrospective review of the Radiology Information System (RIS) for requests and reports between January 2012 and December 2017 containing the search term “tramp*” with an age of < 18 years.

Results
A total of 1794 children (44% male, mean age 8.15) visited the radiology department 1871 times and received 2343 separate radiographic examinations, ten ultrasound examinations, 20 CT examinations, 19 MR examinations and two nuclear medicine examinations. Seven hundred and eighty-eight children (45.9% male) had injury demonstrated on radiographs (622 fractures and 183 soft-tissue injuries) during 796 visits to radiology. Positive CT, MRI, and US were seen in 55%, 47.3%, and 50% of cases respectively. Children under 7 years of age are more likely to have been injured compared to older children attending for X-rays, with the proportion of injuries seen in 6-year-old children being the highest (63.7%). Trampoline injury-related X-ray requests to radiology rose from 1.7% to 4% per year as a percentage of overall X-ray requests from the emergency department.

Conclusion
Trampoline injury-related visits to the radiology department and the number of injuries demonstrated on imaging studies have increased over the study period, putting greater pressure on the healthcare system. Younger children are especially prone to injury. Public health campaigns and mandatory national safety standards are needed to increase awareness of potential dangers of recreational trampoline use.
Serum lipidome analysis of healthy beagle dogs receiving different diets
Authors: Boretti Felicitas S. , Burla Bo , Deuel Jeremy , Gao Liang , Wenk Markus R. , Liesegang Annette , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionFood and dietary ingredients have significant effects on metabolism and health.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether and how different diets affected the serum lipidomic profile of dogs.MethodsSixteen healthy beagles were fed a commercial dry diet for 3 months (control diet). After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken for serum lipidomic profile analysis, and each dog was then randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 was fed a commercial diet (Diet 1) and group 2 was fed a self-made, balanced diet supplemented with linseed oil and salmon oil (Diet 2) for 3 months. After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken from each dog. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol analyses were performed and the serum lipidomic profiles were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsDogs fed the supplemented self-made diet (Diet 2) had significantly higher omega-3 fatty acid-containing lipids species and significantly lower saturated and mono- and di-unsaturated lipid species. Concentrations of sphingosine 1-phosphate species S1P d16:1 and S1P d17:1 were significantly increased after feeding Diet 2.ConclusionThis study found that different diets had significant effects on the dog’s serum lipidomic profile. Therefore, in studies that include lipidomic analyses, diet should be included as a confounding factor.
The role of local energy initiatives in co-producing sustainable places
Authors: Soares da Silva Diogo , Horlings Lummina G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the introduction of policies that promote renewable energy in Western European countries facilitated a shift towards the production of cleaner energy and its decentralisation. Subsidies, incentive schemes, and declining installation costs—combined with rapid technology advances—made the investment in small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines more attractive for individuals and small businesses. Simultaneously, we observe the emergence of citizen initiatives which aim to provide public services across various sectors, including renewable energy generation and distribution. These initiatives, started by citizens, often involve the participation of local residents and prioritise social and environmental goals. In some areas, governments and engaged citizens work together to achieve common goals through citizen–government co-production. In this article, we address the question: how can the co-production of government(s) and citizens, through local energy initiatives, contribute to the shaping of more sustainable places? Using the PlaCI model—a conceptual model of citizen initiatives and their role in shaping sustainable places—we conduct an analysis of WindpowerNijmegen, a citizen-led renewable energy cooperative in the Netherlands. We assess who the relevant stakeholders are, what are the enabling conditions for fruitful collaboration, which new arrangements are established, and how they contribute to shaping more sustainable places. The results indicate that local energy initiatives are place based, conditioned by the characteristics of the physical space needed for the production of renewable energy, specific institutional arrangements, place-based assets and people’s capacities characteristic for the place, and past collaboration.
Development and first results of a dedicated chronic total occlusion programme
Authors: van der Werf H. W. , Vlaar P. J. , van der Harst P. , Lipšic E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
To describe the development and first results of a dedicated chronic total occlusion (CTO) programme in a tertiary medical centre.

Background
Because of the complexity and the increased risk of complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO, it is essential that less experienced and evolving CTO centres perform regular quality analyses.

Methods
We therefore performed analyses to describe the results during the first 3 years of a dedicated CTO programme at a high-volume PCI centre. In addition, we discuss the strategies employed to develop such a programme.

Results
A total of 179 consecutive patients undergoing 187 CTO procedures were included in the study. The complexity of the CTO lesions increased from a mean J‑CTO (Japanese Multicentre CTO Registry) score of 1.3 in 2015 to 2.1 in 2017. In the majority of cases, the antegrade wire escalation technique was performed. Final technical success rate was 78.5% in 175 patients with a single CTO and 80.2% of all 187 CTO procedures. No peri-procedural or in-hospital deaths occurred. One peri-procedural myocardial infarction occurred. Cardiac tamponade occurred in 2 cases, both managed by pericardiocentesis. No urgent cardiac surgery was necessary. Survival and revascularisation rates at 30 days and 1 year were excellent.

Conclusion
Following initiation of a dedicated CTO programme, using up-to-date techniques and strategies, procedural and clinical outcome were comparable with current standards in established centres.
Development of a multistep reaction cascade for the synthesis of a sacubitril precursor in continuous flow
Authors: Hiebler Katharina , Dertnig Carina , Soritz Sebastian , Maier Manuel C. , Hörmann Theresa R. , Grabner Bianca , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe active pharmaceutical ingredient sacubitril acts as a neprilysin inhibitor in the body and is administered to patients suffering from high blood pressure and chronic heart failure. In this paper, we report the development of a three-step setup for the synthesis of an advanced sacubitril precursor in continuous flow. The key transformation of our cascade is a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling facilitated by a heterogeneous palladium catalyst. Its implementation in a packed-bed reactor and the application of continuous flow methodologies allow intensification of the cross-coupling reaction compared to batch processing. The subsequent steps for the synthesis of the target molecule involve Boc-deprotection as well as N-succinylation, which have been optimized using the statistical “Design of Experiments” (DoE) approach. In this way, the individual as well as interactive effects of selected parameters on the output of the reactions could be investigated very efficiently. The consecutive performance of the three reaction steps using an integrated setup enabled the synthesis of a late-stage sacubitril precursor in continuous flow with 81% overall yield.
Cooling down the world oceans and the earth by enhancing the North Atlantic Ocean current
Authors: Hunt Julian David , Nascimento Andreas , Diuana Fabio A. , de Assis Brasil Weber Natália , Castro Gabriel Malta , Chaves Ana Carolina , Mesquita André Luiz Amarante , Colling Angéli Viviani , Schneider Paulo Smith 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe world is going through intensive changes due to global warming. It is well known that the reduction in ice cover in the Arctic Ocean further contributes to increasing the atmospheric Arctic temperature due to the reduction of the albedo effect and increase in heat absorbed by the ocean’s surface. The Arctic ice cover also works like an insulation sheet, keeping the heat in the ocean from dissipating into the cold Arctic atmosphere. Increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean surface would allow the warmer and less salty North Atlantic Ocean current to flow on the surface of the Arctic Ocean considerably increasing the temperature of the Arctic atmosphere and release the ocean heat trapped under the ice. This paper argues that if the North Atlantic Ocean current could maintain the Arctic Ocean ice-free during the winter, the longwave radiation heat loss into space would be larger than the increase in heat absorption due to the albedo effect. This paper presents details of the fundamentals of the Arctic Ocean circulation and presents three possible approaches for increasing the salinity of the surface water of the Arctic Ocean. It then discusses that increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean would warm the atmosphere of the Arctic region, but cool down the oceans and possibly the Earth. However, it might take thousands of years for the effects of cooling the oceans to cool the global average atmospheric temperature.
New three-dimensional second-order sliding mode guidance law with impact-angle constraints
Authors: Zhao F.-J. , You H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAiming at the issue of missiles attacking on-ground maneuvering targets in three-dimensional space, a three-dimensional finite-time guidance law with impact-angle constraints is proposed. In order to improve convergence speed and restrain chattering phenomenon, the nonsingular fast terminal three-dimensional second-order sliding mode guidance law with coupling terms is designed based on the theory of nonhomogeneous fast terminal sliding surface and second-order sliding mode control. The system model need not be linearized during the design process, and the singular problem is avoided. A nonhomogeneous disturbance observer is designed to estimate and compensate the total disturbance, which is caused by target maneuvering information and coupling terms of line of sight. And the stability and finite-time convergence of the guidance law are proved strictly and mathematically. Finally, simulation results have verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed guidance law.
Subject Matter Specialization of European Union Jurisdiction in the Preliminary Rulings Procedure
Authors: Jacobs Matthias , Münder Matthias , Richter Barbara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the years, judgments by the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) have been—sometimes heavily—criticized. While the recent reforms to the EU’s judicial system have addressed the high caseload of the General Court of the European Union (“GC”), the perceived lack of quality of the ECJ’s judgments in preliminary rulings procedures remains an issue. This Article will outline in what way these judgments are criticized and try to examine the root causes of the criticism. It goes on to argue that subject matter specialization is an adequate answer to this criticism and examines how subject matter specialization can be introduced into the European Union (“EU”) judicial system.
A conceptual framework to promote labor force participation and career development for people with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Strauser David R. , Rumrill Phillip D. , Greco Chelsea , Strauser D. George 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article presents the Illinois Work and Well-Being Model as a framework that can be applied to facilitate the career development of people with diabetes mellitus. The model emphasizes the interaction of contextual and career development domains to improve participation in the areas of work, society, community, and home. This article provides a brief discussion of the potential implications of vocational rehabilitation research, service, and policy, with the overall goal of reinforcing career development as the foundation of vocational rehabilitation services for adults with diabetes mellitus and other chronic health conditions.
Comparison of the eating behaviour and dietary consumption in older adults with and without visual impairment
Authors: Jones Nabila , Bartlett Hannah Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobally, a high prevalence of obesity and undernutrition has been reported in people with visual impairment (VI) who have reported multi-factorial obstacles that prevent them from achieving a healthy diet, such as having restricted shopping and cooking abilities. The present study is the first to investigate the relationship between VI and dietary consumption using a representative sample size, standardised methods to categorise VI and a detailed analysis of dietary consumption. Ninety-six participants with VI and an age-matched control group of fifty participants were recruited from across the UK. All participants were aged 50 years or over. The participants completed a 24-h food recall for a period of 3 d. The participants also answered questions about their abilities to shop for and cook food as well as their knowledge of healthy eating. The participants with VI in this sample consumed significantly fewer energy content and other nutrients than is recommended for their age group and when compared with an age-matched control group. The participants with VI mainly made food choices irrespective of nutritional value. The results of the present study highlight for the first time that a large proportion of older adults with VI in the UK are undernourished. These results suggest local and government-led initiatives should be implemented to support the diets of older adults in the UK, and these initiatives could include healthy eating workshops, café clubs or skills training and rehabilitation.