bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal clinically important differences in functional motor scores in adults with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Stolte B. , Bois J.‐M. , Bolz S. , Kizina K. , Totzeck A. , Schlag M. , Kleinschnitz C. , Hagenacker T. 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeIn patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), functional disease scores are frequently used to evaluate the course of the disease and the efficacy of treatment. The aim of the present study was to propose minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values for motor scores in order to estimate the degree of change within a functional score that can be considered clinically meaningful.MethodsTo estimate the MCID, distribution‐based approaches were used. For each assessment [Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and 6‐min walk test (6MWT)] and subgroup (SMA type 2, SMA type 3, ambulatory and non‐ambulatory), the following MCID values based on a cohort of 51 adults with SMA were calculated: standard error of measurement (SEm), one‐half of standard deviation (1/2 SD) and one‐third of standard deviation (1/3 SD) of patients' baseline scores.ResultsFor the overall cohort, the SEm, 1/2 SD and 1/3 SD MCID values were 2.9, 6.4 and 4.3 for the RULM and 4.3, 10.6 and 7.0 for the HFMSE, respectively. Subgroup analysis led to generally lower standard deviations and consecutively lower MCID values due to the significantly different motor functions of the groups. The respective MCID values for the 6MWT were 55.5 m, 71.1 m and 47.8 m.ConclusionsOur data provide MCID values for functional motor scores commonly used in adults with SMA in order to distinguish statistical effects from ‘real’ changes. A complementary systematic consensus process could help to further adjust the MCID values we propose.
Temporal lobe regions essential for preserved picture naming after left temporal epilepsy surgery
Authors: Binder Jeffrey R. , Tong Jia‐Qing , Pillay Sara B. , Conant Lisa L. , Humphries Colin J. , Raghavan Manoj , Mueller Wade M. , Busch Robyn M. , Allen Linda , Gross William L. , Anderson Christopher T. , Carlson Chad E. , Lowe Mark J. , Langfitt John T. , Tivarus Madalina E. , Drane Daniel L. , Loring David W. , Jacobs Monica , Morgan Victoria L. , Allendorfer Jane B. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Bonilha Leonardo , Bookheimer Susan , Grabowski Thomas , Vannest Jennifer , Swanson Sara J. ,   fMRI in Anterior Temporal Epilepsy Surgery (FATES) study
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo define left temporal lobe regions where surgical resection produces a persistent postoperative decline in naming visual objects.MethodsPre‐ and postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging data and picture naming (Boston Naming Test) scores were obtained prospectively from 59 people with drug‐resistant left temporal lobe epilepsy. All patients had left hemisphere language dominance at baseline and underwent surgical resection or ablation in the left temporal lobe. Postoperative naming assessment occurred approximately 7 months after surgery. Surgical lesions were mapped to a standard template, and the relationship between presence or absence of a lesion and the degree of naming decline was tested at each template voxel while controlling for effects of overall lesion size.ResultsPatients declined by an average of 15% in their naming score, with wide variation across individuals. Decline was significantly related to damage in a cluster of voxels in the ventral temporal lobe, located mainly in the fusiform gyrus approximately 4‐6 cm posterior to the temporal tip. Extent of damage to this region explained roughly 50% of the variance in outcome. Picture naming decline was not related to hippocampal or temporal pole damage.SignificanceThe results provide the first statistical map relating lesion location in left temporal lobe epilepsy surgery to picture naming decline, and they support previous observations of transient naming deficits from electrical stimulation in the basal temporal cortex. The critical lesion is relatively posterior and could be avoided in many patients undergoing left temporal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy.
Illusion susceptibility in domestic dogs
Authors: Byosiere Sarah‐Elizabeth , Chouinard Philippe A. , Howell Tiffani J. , Bennett Pauleen C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDomestic dogs play many vital roles in human lives; however, relatively little is known about how they perceive the world visually. Given dogs’ recent popularity as a subject in cognitive and behavioural studies, it is important to understand how they visually interpret the world around them. One way to evaluate perception is to assess illusion susceptibility; specifically, how visual information is processed, interpreted and modified post‐retinally. While illusion susceptibility has been used across a variety of species to comparatively assess the similarities and differences in visual processing and perception, this relatively novel methodological approach has only recently been adapted to evaluate perception in domestic dogs. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the findings from studies that have evaluated domestic dogs’ illusion susceptibility, highlighting the relevance of these results for those studying illusion susceptibility in animals as well as canine behaviour and cognition. More specifically, the ultimate goal of this review is to answer the questions: (a) Are dogs susceptible to visual illusions? (b) If so, are they susceptible to illusions in a way that parallels humans and/or other animals? (c) Are findings, within dogs, consistent and if not, how might these be interpreted and explained?
Targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor–A novel road towards the future treatment of skin diseases
Authors: Stegemann Agatha , Böhm Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of the superfamily of neurotransmitter‐gated ion channels. The natural ligand for nAChRs is the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Among the nAChRs is the α7nAChR. It is not only expressed by neural tissues but also in the skin. A number of different resident cutaneous cell types including epidermal keratinocytes, sebocytes and dermal fibroblasts express functional α7nAChR. Moreover, cells of the immune system such as lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes, playing an important role in skin homeostasis, also express α7nAChR. Translational research focusing on the exploitation of the α7nAChR in dermatology has revealed that this neuroendocrine receptor could be promising target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. For example, α7nAChR agonists can counteract transforming growth factor‐β1‐mediated responses in dermal fibroblasts, key effector cells in scleroderma. In accordance with this α7nAChR, agonists are effective in both inflammation and non‐inflammation‐driven models of experimentally induced skin fibrosis. Moreover, α7nAChR agonists can modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines in epidermal keratinocytes that are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. Finally, the capability of α7nAChR agonists to suppress ultraviolet light A/B‐induced responses, for example production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, the latter crucially involved in dermal photoageing, points to a potential of such agents in the prevention of extrinsic skin ageing. Therefore, emphasis on translational research targeting the α7nAChR in skin may lead to the development of new treatment and prevention modalities against fibrosclerotic skin diseases, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, acne, photodermatoses and extrinsic skin ageing.
Lower proximal cup and outer root sheath cells regenerate hair bulbs during anagen hair follicle repair after chemotherapeutic injury
Authors: Huang Wen‐Yen , Hong Jin‐Bon , Chang Michael , Wang Shih‐Yi , Lai Shih‐Fan , Chien Hsiung‐Fei , Lin Sung‐Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cell dynamics and cell origin for anagen hair follicle (HF) repair following chemotherapeutic injury are unclear. We first mapped the HF response to cyclophosphamide (CYP) at natural anagen VI in mice. We found that 30‐60 mg/kg of CYP leads to dose‐dependent HF dystrophy that was spontaneously repaired with anagen resumption, while 120 mg/kg of CYP prematurely induced catagen/telogen entry. To explore how anagen HF repair is achieved in the dystrophic anagen pathway, we analysed the cell dynamics at 30 mg/kg of CYP. Hair bulbs first shrunk due to matrix cell apoptosis associated with DNA double‐strand breaks. DNA damage was repaired, and ordered hair bulb structures were restored within 96 hours. Bulge stem cells did not undergo apoptosis nor proliferation. K5+ basal lower proximal cup cells and outer root sheath cells quickly replenished the cells in the germinative zone and regenerated the concentric layered structures of the lower HF segment. Therefore, anagen HFs are able to summon extra‐bulge progenitor cells in close proximity to the damaged matrix for quick repair after CYP injury.
Bycatch Beknown: Methodology for jurisdictional reporting of fisheries discards – Using Australia as a case study
Authors: Kennelly Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBycatch remains one of the most important issues in the world's fisheries so its estimation and reporting have been highlighted in many international, regional and jurisdictional guidelines and policies. This paper describes a simple methodology to estimate jurisdictional discards, using Australia's first national bycatch report as a case study. The methodology involves: (a) identifying annual landings for all fisheries and methods; (b) deriving retained:discard ratios for each; (c) where ratios are lacking, using substitute ratios from similar fisheries; (d) applying the ratios from (b) and (c) to the data from (a) to obtain totals; and (e) scoring the quality of the discard information using the US Tier Classification System weighted by estimated discard levels. The results for Australia revealed that, during the last decade, commercial fisheries annually discarded 42.5% of what was caught (87,983t). 70% came from just eight fisheries/methods with 30% coming from the other 299. The Queensland East Coast Prawn Trawl fishery contributed 28.5% of the national total. The quality of discard information was reasonable across most jurisdictions, with a national score of 59.1%. The best quality data came from the Commonwealth due to its observer and (more recent) Electronic Monitoring programmes. Those data also showed that fishers’ logbook information under‐estimated levels of discards (determined from observer data) by 89.7%. This paper provides: (a) the means to develop benchmarks in bycatch management and estimation against which jurisdictions can be compared and performances tracked; and (b) for Australia, priority areas for management intervention to reduce discarding and improve its monitoring.
Novel hybridized adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system models based particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms for accurate prediction of stress intensity factor
Authors: Ben Seghier Mohamed El Amine , Carvalho Hermes , Keshtegar Behrooz , Correia José A. F. O. , Berto Filippo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a new framework for the prediction of stress intensity factor (SIF) using newly developed hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) models. To do so, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system optimized by two meta‐heuristic algorithms as genetic algorithm (ANFIS‐GA) and particle swarm optimization (ANFIS‐PSO) is proposed. Moreover, a database composed of 150 SIF values obtained using the finite element method (FEM) calculations is used for training and validating the two proposed AI models. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed AI models were investigated through several assessment criteria. Results showed the outperformance of the ANFIS‐PSO model for accurate prediction of SIF values with R2 = 0.9913, root mean square error (RMSE) = 23.6 and mean absolute error (MAE) = 18.07, whereas both AI models indicate a robust performance in the presence of input variability. Overall, the performed study provides a hybrid AI framework that can serve as an efficient numerical tool for SIF prediction and analysis.
Pueblo Pequeño, Infierno Grande: Shifting the burden of Latinx Spanish teacher retention in the rural South
Authors: Okraski Cornelia V. , Madison Stephanie M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explored the experiences of five Latinx Spanish teachers who worked in schools in rural North Carolina and South Carolina. Using data from 25 semistructured interviews and publicly available school/community demographic information, this qualitative multiple‐case study sought to answer the following questions: (a) How do Latinx Spanish teachers in the rural South perceive experiences that help or hinder retention? (b) In what ways are Latinx Spanish teachers navigating their role as advocates for linguistic and cultural diversity in their rural schools and communities? Findings showed that participants were constantly balancing the benefits and challenges of their work in a rural area. Due to the racialized nature of the Spanish language, participants reported instances of Spanish being conflated with immigration which resulted in hostility from both students and adults. Nonetheless, participants felt a sense of responsibility in providing their students with exposure to cultures outside of their own cultural setting. As working conditions can have a profound effect on a teacher's decision to stay in the classroom, the findings suggest that emphasizing the positive aspects of teaching in a challenging context may encourage teacher retention.
Assessing the viability of small aerial drones to quantify recreational fishers
Authors: Provost Euan J. , Butcher Paul A. , Coleman Melinda A. , Kelaher Brendan P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding fishing participation assists sustainable fisheries management. Relative to commercial fisheries, however, accurate quantitative data on recreational fishing is often more challenging to collect. The quality and robustness of recreational fishing surveys to assess fisher numbers may be improved with cost‐effective remote sensing platforms, such as aerial drones. Here, the precision and cost‐effectiveness of drone‐based surveys were compared with more traditional vessel‐based surveys of recreational fishing participation at four locations on the east coast of Australia. Although vessel‐based surveys had greater initial costs, this technique observed more fishers, took less time to complete and did not require post‐processing of video footage. In comparison, the drone‐based video surveys provided greater precision and a permanent record of fishing activity. Currently, drone‐based techniques do not provide a substantial improvement to traditional vessel‐based counts of fishers. The complimentary use of drones appears to be an appropriate application of this technology for supporting fisheries management.
Central venous stenosis in a transplant patient due to thyroid pathology: A teachable moment
Authors: Navaratnarajah Arunraj , Ashby Damien R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCentral venous stenosis is a well‐recognized complication of central venous catheter use in hemodialysis patients, which may present with significant swelling of the upper limbs, neck, and face. Here, we describe a renal transplant recipient previously on hemodialysis, who underwent endovascular intervention for central venous stenosis after presenting with facial swelling and exertional dyspnoea. His symptoms continued to progress, however, until the underlying thyroid pathology was recognized. Ruling out the possible mimics of central venous stenosis is important in preventing unnecessary intervention. This case highlights the role of specialty bias in the process of diagnosis.
Rapid screening of DON contamination in whole wheat meals by Vis/NIR spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jiang Xuesong , Shen Fei , He Xueming , Fang Yong , Hu Qiuhui 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis work intends to develop an online experimental system for screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in whole wheat meals by visible/near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology. Spectral and image information of samples with various DON levels was collected at speed of 0.15 m s−1 on a conveyor belt. The two‐type data were then integrated and subjected to chemometric analysis. Discriminant analysis showed that samples could be classified by setting 1000 μg kg−1 as the cut‐off value. The best correct classified rate obtained in prediction was 93.55% based on fusion of spectral and image features, with reduced prediction uncertainty as compared to single feature. However, quantification of DON by quantitative analysis was not successful due to poor model performance. These results indicate that, although not accurate enough to provide conclusive result, this coupling technology could be adopted for rapid screening of DON contamination in cereals and feeds during processing.
Art Forms Emerging: An Approach to Evaluative Diversity in Art
Authors: MATTHEN MOHAN 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTArtworks are rationally evaluable and comparable within their art form, but not from outside. Beethoven's string quartets cannot be evaluated against works of Hindustani music. This is the problem of evaluative diversity: local commensurability, global indeterminacy. This article sketches an approach to the problem based on novel conceptions of aesthetic pleasure and cultural learning, and on the Darwinian Principle of Divergence as applied to cultural evolution.
Bidirectional longitudinal associations of fatness with physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. The UP&DOWN Longitudinal study
Authors: Izquierdo‐Gomez Rocío , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Cabanas‐Sánchez Veronica , Villagra Ariel , Veiga Óscar L. , Martinez‐Gómez David ,   the UP, DOWN study group
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional longitudinal associations of several markers of fatness and physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome.MethodsThis study comprised a total of 111 adolescents (41 females), aged from 11 to 20 years with complete data at the baseline. We had a drop‐out of <10% from the baseline to the 2‐year follow‐up. The ALPHA health‐related fitness test battery for youth was used.ResultsOur results show that all fatness variables at the baseline were associated with a 2‐year change in cardiorespiratory fitness (βranging from −0.32 to −0.38; allp < .05), but not with muscular and motor fitness (p > .05). However, no associations were found between physical fitness components as predictors and fatness indicators (p > .05).ConclusionsResults suggest that reducing fatness during adolescence might represent a modifiable factor to improve cardiorespiratory fitness at the 2‐year follow‐up, but notvice versasince associations were not bidirectional.
Effective inhibition of Th17/Th22 pathway in 2D and 3D human models of psoriasis by Celastrol enriched plant cell culture extract
Authors: Nguyen T. , Lestienne F. , Cousy A. , Mengeaud V. , Castex‐Rizzi N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disease in which the Th17 pathway is mainly involved. Systemic interventions with biologics that specifically block the Th17 pathway are effective to treat severe psoriasis. However, for efficient topical treatment, small molecules are more suitable than antibodies to penetrate and target epidermal keratinocytes, the key players in psoriasis. Celastrol, a well‐described triterpene, is present in low amounts in Tripterygium wilfordii roots. By using plant cell culture (PCC), we were able to boost Celastrol production in bioreactors. Here, we evaluated immune modulator effect of Celastrol enriched extract (CEE) in Th17/Th22 psoriasis induced in 2D and 3D human models in vitro in view of its dermatological usage.MethodsHuman CD4+ T cells (hCD4), Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK), micro‐epidermis and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) were preincubated with CEE and reference controls. Then, hCD4 were stimulated by anti‐[CD3/CD28] while others were stimulated by Th17/22 cytokines cocktails. Psoriasis biomarkers were assessed by ELISA (hCD4 and RHE), by RT‐qPCR (NHEK) or by ICH/ELISA (micro‐epidermis).ResultsIn 2D stimulated models (hCD4 and NHEK), CEE dose dependently inhibited, respectively, the expression of Th17 cytokines and psoriasis induced biomarkers. In 3D models (RHE and micro‐epidermis), IL‐8 expression was significantly reduced (RHE) and native phenotype was restored by CEE (micro‐epidermis).ConclusionThese results clearly showed that Th17/Th22 cytokines, main inflammatory parameters, and psoriasis associated key biomarkers were inhibited by CEE in both 2D and 3D human in vitro models. Therefore, skin homeostasis could be restored by these modulator effects. Moreover, this high added value CEE was obtained by an ecofriendly bioprocess in contrast to traditional roots extracts. This is the first time that a well‐defined CEE immune modulator has been proposed for psoriasis adjuvant care to reduce inflammation.
Under‐reporting of the energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: do Nascimento A. G. , Grassi T. , Reischak de Oliveira A. , Steemburgo T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), an accurate assessment of food intake is essential for clinical nutritional management. Tools such as the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24‐h food record (24HR) identify dietary habits in support of dietary planning. However, it is possible that these tools have reporting errors with respect to assessing food intake, particularly energy intake (EI).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 DM. EI was assessed by the FFQ and 24HR tools. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Data were analysed using a kappa test, t‐test and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Under‐reporting was assessed using the EI/REE ratio. Patients with values <1.18 and <1.10 for FFQ and 24HR, respectively, were considered as under‐reporting.ResultsWe evaluated 55 patients [mean (SD) 62.7 (5.3) years old, duration of diabetes 11.2 (7.3) years, 52.7% female]. The mean (SD) EI assessed by FFQ was 1797.7 (641.3) and as assessed by 24HR was 1624 (484.8) kcal day–1. The mean (SD) REE was 1641.3 (322.3) kcal day–1. The mean (SD) ratios FFQ/REE and 24HR/REE were 1.11 (0.38) and 1.01 (0.30), respectively. The tools showed a moderate agreement for under‐reporting of EI (kappa = 0.404; P = 0.003). Moderate and positive correlations between REE were observed with FFQ (r = 0.321; P = 0.017) and 24HR (r = 0.364; P = 0.006). According to the tools, the under‐reporting was observed in approximately 65% of patients.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with type 2 DM under‐reported their calorie intake, as assessed by FFQ and 24HR. REE showed a positive correlation with both tools.