bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Hyperactivation of Endothelial Cells in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Xia Ying , Yang Jing , Sanyal Arun J. , Shah Vijay H. , Chalasani Naga P. , Yu Qigui , Zheng Xiaoqun , Li Wei 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe inflammatory liver disease that develops in some heavy drinkers. AH patients have intense hepatic infiltration of leukocytes. Up‐regulation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) upon endothelial cell (EC) activation plays an important role in leukocyte transendothelial migration. CAMs can shed from EC surface and accumulate in the blood, serving as soluble markers for EC activation. In this study, we examined the impact of heavy drinking on expression of soluble forms of EC activation markers (CD146, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and VEGF‐A) and the effect of alcohol abstinence on the reversal of these abnormalities in heavy drinkers with and without AH.MethodsELISA and multiplex immunoassays were used to measure soluble EC activation markers in plasma samples from 79 AH patients, 66 heavy drinkers without overt liver disease (HDC), and 44 healthy controls (HC) at baseline, 31 AH patients and 30 HDC at 6‐month follow‐up, and 18 AH patients and 25 HDC at 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, the 4 soluble markers were significantly up‐regulated in AH patients compared with HDC and HC, whereas only sVCAM‐1 was elevated in HDC relative to HC. At follow‐ups, plasma levels of CD146, VCAM‐1, and VEGF‐A remained higher in AH patients, even for those who stopped drinking. These dysregulated markers correlated with AH disease severity, clinical parameters, and several soluble inflammatory factors.ConclusionsThe levels of soluble CD146, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and VEGF‐A were highly elevated in AH patients, and alcohol abstinence did not completely reverse these abnormalities.
Electroretinography and retinal microvascular changes in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim Mirinae , Kim Rae‐Young , Park Wookyung , Park Young‐Gun , Kim In‐Beom , Park Young‐Hoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether functional (electrophysiological) parameters are related to changes in the structural (microvascular) parameters in diabetic retina.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 380 eyes of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 160 eyes of healthy controls. We analysed the electroretinogram (ERG) parameters and vascular parameters acquired from optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography according to the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity from early to late stages of DR.ResultsAfter exclusion, 366 eyes of diabetes and 157 eyes of controls were included in the analysis. The mean age at enrolment was 65.4 ± 7.8 years, and 177 (33.84%) were male. The amplitude and implicit time of the rod and cone and combined response ERG b‐wave were significantly reduced and prolonged in the eyes of patients with DM, compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation between the amplitude and vessel density (VD) of the superficial plexus and a negative correlation between the implicit time and superficial VD in the scotopic and combined response b‐wave. Interestingly, there was no correlation between electrophysiological parameters and deep VD. These correlations between electrophysiological parameters and vascular parameters were not significant in the non‐diabetic, healthy control group.ConclusionsFunctional and structural impairments precede the clinical manifestation of DR. We also found that these neural impairments, evaluated by ERG, were correlated with superficial VD. However, this correlation was absent in the healthy and early DR groups. These findings carefully suggest that neuronal dysfunction is linked to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Ribosomal protein S6 promotes stem‐like characters in glioma cells
Authors: Shirakawa Yuki , Hide Takuichiro , Yamaoka Michiko , Ito Yuki , Ito Naofumi , Ohta Kunimasa , Shinojima Naoki , Mukasa Akitake , Saito Hideyuki , Jono Hirofumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal brain tumor developing in the white matter of the adult brain, contains a small population of GBM stem cells (GSCs), which potentially cause chemotherapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and maintenance of GSCs remain largely unknown. A recent study reported that incorporation of ribosomes and ribosomal proteins into somatic cells promoted lineage trans‐differentiation toward multipotency. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying stemness acquisition in GBM cells by focusing on 40S ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). RPS6 was significantly upregulated in high‐grade glioma and localized at perivascular, perinecrotic, and border niches in GBM tissues. siRNA‐mediated RPS6 knock‐down significantly suppressed the characteristics of GSCs, including their tumorsphere potential and GSC marker expression; STAT3 was downregulated in GBM cells. RPS6 overexpression enhanced the tumorsphere potential of GSCs and these effects were attenuated by STAT3 inhibitor (AG490). Moreover, RPS6 expression was significantly correlated with SOX2 expression in different glioma grades. Immunohistochemistry data herein indicated that RPS6 was predominant in GSC niches, concurrent with the data from IVY GAP databases. Furthermore, RPS6 and other ribosomal proteins were upregulated in GSC‐predominant areas in this database. The present results indicate that, in GSC niches, ribosomal proteins play crucial roles in the development and maintenance of GSCs and are clinically associated with chemoradioresistance and GBM recurrence.
Experience With a Linguistic Variant Affects the Acquisition of Its Sociolinguistic Meaning: An Alien‐Language‐Learning Experiment
Authors: Lai Wei , Rácz Péter , Roberts Gareth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow do speakers learn the social meaning of different linguistic variants, and what factors influence how likely a particular social–linguistic association is to be learned? It has been argued that the social meaning of more salient variants should be learned faster, and that learners' pre‐existing experience of a variant will influence its salience. In this paper, we report two artificial‐language‐learning experiments investigating this. Each experiment involved two language‐learning stages followed by a test. The first stage introduced the artificial language and trained participants in it, while the second stage added a simple social context using images of cartoon aliens. The first learning stage was intended to establish participants' experience with the artificial language in general and with the distribution of linguistic variants in particular. The second stage, in which linguistic stimuli were accompanied by images of particular aliens, was intended to simulate the acquisition of linguistic variants in a social context. In our first experiment, we manipulated whether a particular linguistic variant, associated with one species of alien in the second learning phase, had been encountered in the first learning phase. In the second experiment, we manipulated whether the variant had been encountered in the same grammatical context. In both cases we predicted that the unexpectedness of a new variant or a new grammatical context for an old variant would increase the variant's salience and facilitate the learning of its social meaning. This is what we found, although in the second experiment, the effect was driven by better learners. Our results suggest that unexpectedness increases the salience of variants and makes their social distribution easier to learn, deepening our understanding of the role of individual language experience in the acquisition of sociolinguistic meaning.
Sensory nerve‐deficient microenvironment impairs tooth homeostasis by inducing apoptosis of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Liu An‐Qi , Zhang Li‐Shu , Fei Dong‐Dong , Guo Hao , Wu Mei‐Ling , Liu Jin , He Xiao‐Ning , Zhang Yong‐Jie , Xuan Kun , Li Bei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of sensory nerve in tooth homeostasis and its effect on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in dental pulp.Materials and methodsWe established the rat denervated incisor models to identify the morphological and histological changes of tooth. The groups were as follows: IANx (inferior alveolar nerve section), SCGx (superior cervical ganglion removal), IANx + SCGx and Sham group. The biological behaviour of dental pulp stromal/stem cells (DPSCs) was evaluated. Finally, we applied activin B to DPSCs from sensory nerve‐deficient microenvironment to analyse the changes of proliferation and apoptosis.ResultsIncisor of IANx and IANx + SCGx groups exhibited obvious disorganized tooth structure, while SCGx group only showed slight decrease of dentin thickness, implying sensory nerve, not sympathetic nerve, contributes to the tooth homeostasis. Moreover, we found sensory nerve injury led to disfunction of DPSCs via activin B/SMAD2/3 signalling in vitro. Supplementing activin B promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of DPSCs in sensory nerve‐deficient microenvironment.ConclusionsThis research first demonstrates that sensory nerve‐deficient microenvironment impairs tooth haemostasis by inducing apoptosis of DPSCs via activin B/SMAD2/3 signalling. Our study provides the evidence for the crucial role of sensory nerve in tooth homeostasis.
Comparison of urine cytology diagnostic reports before and after the implementation of the Paris System classification system in China
Authors: Ma Cao , Zhang Lihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn 2013, The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was developed as a uniform practical urine cytology system that could be applied worldwide. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of TPS diagnostic approach compared with that of the traditional urine cytological diagnosis method used in China.MethodsBased on the diagnostic criteria of TPS, 412 urine samples from 143 patients with histological follow‐up data were retrospectively analysed, and the diagnoses were compared with the original cytological diagnoses.ResultsIn total, 110 patients were histologically diagnosed with high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), and 33 patients were diagnosed with low‐grade urothelial neoplasia. Based on the traditional urine cytological analysis method, 50 patients (34.9%) were diagnosed as negative, 48 patients (33.6%) were diagnosed as having atypical urothelial cells, and 45 patients (31.5%) were diagnosed as positive. After reclassification using TPS, urine samples from 11 cases (7.7%) were categorised as unsatisfactory, 34 cases (23.8%) were negative, 21 cases (14.7%) were categorised as having atypical urothelial cells, 12 cases (8.4%) were diagnosed as suspicious for HGUC, 59 cases (41.2%) were diagnosed with HGUC, and six cases (4.2%) were reclassified as having low‐grade urothelial neoplasia. Thus, after implementing TPS criteria, the sensitivity for positive malignancy diagnoses (HGUC alone) increased from 38.2% to 50.9%, while the specificity of the diagnosis was barely changed.ConclusionsThe Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology greatly contributes to the standardisation of urine cytology reports and significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity for HGUC.
Compounded preparations in dermatology – analysis of prescribing habits in everyday clinical practice in Germany
Authors: Salzmann Stefan , Salzmann Martin , Staubach Petra 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundCompounded preparations (CPs) are an indispensable addition to approved, commercially available drugs (CADs), especially for topical therapy. In Germany, about eight million CPs are prescribed within the statutory health insurance system each year, 50 % thereof by dermatologists.MethodsWe analyzed prescribing habits based on a questionnaire sent out to 186 office‐based dermatologists and 1,491 pharmacies in the federal states of Rhineland‐Palatinate and Saarland. The goal was to improve patient care by collecting and categorizing data in terms of prescription practice and associated challenges in interdisciplinary cooperation.ResultsOverall, 351 pharmacists (23.5 %) and 53 dermatologists (28.4 %) participated in this survey. The most common reason (83 %) stated for prescribing a CP was the possibility to prescribe large quantities of a given topical medication; CPs were most commonly prescribed for psoriasis and various types of dermatitis. The most frequently prescribed active pharmaceutical ingredients were triamcinolone (80 %), erythromycin (78.3 %) and clotrimazole (72.5 %). Fifty‐eight percent of pharmacists reported that the collaboration with dermatologists was “associated with problems”; 34 % complained about insufficient communication.ConclusionsCPs are essential for optimizing patient care. Interdisciplinary cooperation poses a challenge to both physicians and pharmacists. In this context, it is important to increase collaborative efforts in terms of training and continuing medical education. Further studies on CPs are required to better elucidate the challenges and opportunities associated with their prescription.
S3 guideline for actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) – short version, part 2: epidemiology, surgical and systemic treatment of cSCC, follow‐up, prevention and occupational disease
Authors: Leiter Ulrike , Heppt Markus V. , Steeb Theresa , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhardt , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , Flaig Michael , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kölbl Oliver , Kraywinkel Klaus , Löser Christoph , Nashan Dorothee , Noor Seema , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Garbe Claus , Berking Carola 
Published: April 2020

SummaryActinic keratoses (AKs) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guidelines for actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma were developed using the highest level of methodology (S3) according to regulations issued by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). The guidelines are aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ENT specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings as well as other medical specialties involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AKs and cSCC. The guidelines are also aimed at affected patients, their relatives, policy makers and insurance funds. In the second part, we will address aspects relating to epidemiology, etiology, surgical and systemic treatment of cSCC, follow‐up and disease prevention, and discuss AKs and cSCC in the context of occupational disease regulations.
Identification of a phytoplasma associated with Syringa reticulata witches' broom disease in China
Authors: Yang Jing , Liao Ya Jun , Ning Jun Hui , Wang Jin Zhong , Wang He , Ren Zheng Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring the summer of 2018, one Syringa reticulata plant showing witches' broom and small leaves was observed in Beijing, China. Molecular diagnostic tools and electron microscopic cell observation were used to detect the possible pathogen of this disease. As a result, the phytoplasma in the symptomatic S. reticulata tree was confirmed by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene using the phytoplasma‐specific universal primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 and observation with transmission electron microscopy. The rp and tuf genes of the phytoplasma were also cloned and sequenced as the 16S rRNA gene. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA, rp and tuf genes indicated that the phytoplasma associated with S. reticulata witches' broom (SrWB) disease belonged to the 16SrV‐B subgroup, and it was closely related to the 16SrV‐B subgroup phytoplasma strain jujube witches' broom, which causes serious disease of jujube fruit trees in China. This study shows the S. reticulata tree as a new host of a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrV‐B subgroup in China.
After a catastrophe, a little bit of sex is better than nothing: Genetic consequences of a major earthquake on asexual and sexual populations
Authors: Becheler Ronan , Guillemin Marie‐Laure , Stoeckel Solenn , Mauger Stéphane , Saunier Alice , Brante Antonio , Destombe Christophe , Valero Myriam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatastrophic events can have profound effects on the demography of a population and consequently on genetic diversity. The dynamics of postcatastrophic recovery and the role of sexual versus asexual reproduction in buffering the effects of massive perturbations remain poorly understood, in part because the opportunity to document genetic diversity before and after such events is rare. Six natural (purely sexual) and seven cultivated (mainly clonal due to farming practices) populations of the red alga Agarophyton chilense were surveyed along the Chilean coast before, in the days after and 2 years after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake in 2010. The genetic diversity of sexual populations appeared sensitive to this massive perturbation, notably through the loss of rare alleles immediately after the earthquake. By 2012, the levels of diversity returned to those observed before the catastrophe, probably due to migration. In contrast, enhanced rates of clonality in cultivated populations conferred a surprising ability to buffer the instantaneous loss of diversity. After the earthquake, farmers increased the already high rate of clonality to maintain the few surviving beds, but most of them collapsed rapidly. Contrasting fates between sexual and clonal populations suggest that betting on strict clonality to sustain production is risky, probably because this extreme strategy hampered adaptation to the brutal environmental perturbation induced by the catastrophe.
Antioxidant activities of mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel pectin films containing sage (Salvia officinalis) leaf extract
Authors: Han Hee‐Seon , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBiopolymer films were prepared using pectin extracted from mandarin peel, a by‐product of fruit processing. Varying amounts (0.6%, 1.0% and 1.4%) of sage leaf extract (SLE) were also added to mandarin peel pectin (MPP) films to enhance its antioxidant abilities. Compared with the MPP film alone, the total phenolic contents of the MPP films containing SLE were higher. The MPP film with 0.6% SLE possessed the most desirable physical properties with tensile strength of 23.31 MPa and an elongation at break of 18.82%. We used four different methods to identify the antioxidant property of the MPP films with SLE, and the results showed that the antioxidant activity increased with increase in the amount of SLE added. In contrast, the addition of SLE lowered the thermal stability and water resistance of the MPP film. These results indicate that the developed MPP films containing SLE can be potentially used for food‐based applications.
Comparison of microwave and high‐pressure processing on bound phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of sorghum hull
Authors: Luo Mukang , Hou Fangli , Dong Lihong , Huang Fei , Zhang Ruifen , Su Dongxiao 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe influence of microwave boiling (MB treated 5, 10 and 15 s was abbreviated as MB5, MB10 and MB15, respectively) and high‐pressure boiling (HB processed 10, 20 and 30 min was denoted as HB10, HB20 and HB30, respectively) processing on the composition and content of bound phenolic substances of sorghum hull and their antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Nine bound phenolic profiles were identified by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, including syringic acid, veratric acid, p‐hydroxybenzonic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic alcohol, ascorbic acid, prenylnaringenin and luteolin. Compared with traditional hot water processing (HP treated 10, 30 and 50 min was abbreviated as HP10, HP30 and HP50, respectively), the content of free procyanidins and total phenolics of sorghum hull treated with HB increased by 35.92–58.87% and 6.20–18.70%, respectively. Sorghum hull treated with HB20 possessed the highest ABTS (ABTS radical scavenging capacity) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) among all treatment groups.
A systematic review of dietary acids and habits on dental erosion in adolescents
Authors: Chan Alex Simon , Tran Theresa Thien Kim , Hsu Yi Hsuan , Liu Stephanie Yue Sum , Kroon Jeroen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental erosion is the dissolution of dental hard tissues caused by acids of a non‐bacterial origin. Dietary acids are considered the predominant and most controllable factor.AimTo synthesise the literature on the effects of dietary acids and habits on dental erosion in the permanent dentition of 10‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents.Materials and MethodsAn electronic literature search was undertaken in Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source via EBSCOhost, and Embase with no restriction on the date of publication.ResultsThe initial search identified 449 articles, and 338 remained after removal of duplicates. Seventy‐seven articles remained after screening of titles and abstracts, and 52 were eligible for the full‐text review. A considerable variety of beverages, food, and dietary habits were reported as risk factors for dental erosion. The most consistent findings implicated the erosive potential of carbonated beverages and the consumption of acidic drinks at bedtime.ConclusionsAlthough results were not consistent between cohort and cross‐sectional studies, this review suggests certain dietary risk factors may contribute to dental erosion in adolescents. There is a need for more high‐quality cohort studies to establish more conclusive evidence on the role of dietary acids and habits on dental erosion.
Original design manufacturer's warranty strategy when considering retailers' brand power under different power structures
Authors: Lou Yaqi , He Zhen , Feng Lipan , Cai Keyuan , He Shuguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the original design manufacturer (ODM) has increasing interests in multichannel cooperation with different retailers. This paper considers the problem in which the ODM cooperates with two competing retailers. The manufacturer produces two substitute products and markets them through two competing retailers. For both products, the manufacturer bundles them with basic warranties and the retailers brand them with their own branding. We quantitatively model the product demands and derive the optimal decisions under two common supply chain power structures: manufacturer Stackelberg and retailer Stackelberg. We observe that when the competition between the two retailers becomes fiercer, the manufacturer charges more for both products, the product substitutability and supply chain power structures do not affect the products' price and warranty decisions, and there does exist a brand ratio interval in which the product branded by the high‐reputation retailer will not get a better warranty from the manufacturer, violating the signalization of the warranty. The leader gets the power to get higher profit while the total profit of the whole supply chain remains the same under both power structures.