bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Strategy of Appealing to Religious Nationalism: Examining Motivations to Join Religious Organizations by Japanese LDP Politicians
Authors: Gentry Hope Dewell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) again took control after the 2012 general election, Japan's ruling party politicians increasingly associated themselves with Shinto Seiji Renmei, a political organization that is affiliated with Shinto, the country's native religion. What are the motivations for joining such a group, considering Japan has institutional regulations regarding the separation of politics and religion, in addition to there being no sign of rising religiosity among the Japanese population? I explain this puzzle by focusing on politicians' electoral incentives in a changing environment of Japan's party politics. As the opposition became fragmented after 2012, the ruling party's candidates found it electorally advantageous to appeal to the core supporters rather than the centrist floating voters. An empirical analysis of an original dataset supports my argument. The findings suggest the changes in Japan's political landscape might affect the future strategies of LDP politicians, particularly regarding the coalition with Komeito. Overall, this study proposes that there is a need to pay closer attention to politicians' strategic use of religion in politics.
Geomagnetic Paleointensity Around 30 Ma Estimated From Afro‐Arabian Large Igneous Province
Authors: Yoshimura Yutaka , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Yamamoto Yuhji , Ahn Hyeon‐Seon , Kidane Tesfaye , Otofuji Yo‐ichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe conducted a geomagnetic paleointensity study of lava flows at ∼30 Ma distributed in the Lima‐Limo section of the Afro‐Arabian Large Igneous Province. The Tsunakawa‐Shaw method, which has built‐in low‐temperature demagnetization and double heating procedures, was applied to 120 specimens from 45 lava flows, successfully obtaining paleointensities from 75 specimens within 34 lava flows. We measured hysteresis loops and thermomagnetic curves to examine the influence of magnetic properties on the paleointensities but found no relationship between the paleointensities and the ratios of the hysteresis parameters. We calculated 27 flow‐level paleointensity means after excluding specimens that possibly contain titanomaghemite based on thermomagnetic curves. We observed cyclic changes of paleointensity in the lowest reversed magnetozone, which may reflect paleosecular variations. To estimate a representative virtual axial dipole moment (V(A)DM) at ∼30 Ma, we applied a flow‐level selection criterion depending on the specimen numbers. Eleven flow‐level means passed the criterion, which gave an averaged VADM of 4.2 ± 2.1 × 1022 Am2. This is similar to five averaged VADMs reported previously in the Late Cretaceous and the Cenozoic using the Tsunakawa‐Shaw method. We combined our data with available data between 25 and 35 Ma. We concluded that the mode of 4.4 × 1022 Am2 from 32 flow‐level means is representative of this period. This is close to two previously reported long‐term representative VADMs since the Jurassic.
Coastal Upwelling Events, Salinity Stratification, and Barrier Layer Observed Along the Southwestern Coast of Sumatra
Authors: Horii Takanori , Ueki Iwao , Ando Kentaro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoastal upwelling along the southwestern coast of Sumatra is a seasonal upwelling that occurs in areas of high sea surface temperature and abundant precipitation at the southeastern edge of the Indian Ocean warm pool. Based on observations from two Argo floats that drifted and stayed around Sumatra, we investigated ocean temperature and salinity variations during several coastal upwelling events observed in 2013–2017. The Argo floats observed the vertical structure of temperature and salinity every 10 days within 100 km from the southwestern coast of Sumatra. The observation data show intraseasonal‐scale subsurface temperature cooling events with significant upward displacements of the thermocline and high‐salinity water, led by anomalous local southesterly winds and equatorial easterly winds. During the coastal upwelling events, salinity stratification and a thick barrier layer related to local precipitation were also observed. Surface mixed layer temperature cooling were relatively small in contrast to the significant subsurface anomalies. It was found that during the coastal upwelling events, subsurface cold‐water upwelling signals did not necessarily reach the mixed layer when salinity stratification and a thick barrier layer were present. The implications of these observational results for understanding the local atmosphere ocean interaction, and hence the occurrence of the Indian Ocean Dipole, are discussed.
Influence of Stratification and Yucatan Current Transport on the Loop Current Eddy Shedding Process
Authors: Moreles Efraín , Zavala‐Hidalgo Jorge , Martínez‐López Benjamín , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of stratification and Yucatan Current (YC) transport on the dynamics of the Loop Current (LC) and Loop Current Eddies (LCEs) are studied using a primitive equation, 2½ nonhomogeneous layered model, which reproduces the main dynamical features of the upper ocean circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The analysis considers the observed variations in stratification and YC transport, and their expected changes due to climate change. The study is based on a set of long‐term simulations considering the combination of seven stratification configurations with seven transport configurations resulting in 49 cases. The LCE shedding period and diameter (LCE metrics) and kinetic energy, eddy kinetic energy, available potential energy, eddy available potential energy, and the energy Burger number (energy metrics) are analyzed. The stratification and transport contribute to the current and future LC and LCE variability, with their dynamics being more sensitive to transport variations than to stratification variations. The LCE detachment is associated with the increase in the mass of the LC and its available potential energy budget, which is a primary determinant for the LC and LCE dynamics and a condition for eddy shedding. For the expected changes due to climate change, the LCE response is contrary: larger stratification causes increments in the LCE metrics and energy metrics, except the energy Burger number that decreases; conversely, smaller transport causes the opposite response. A combined occurrence of increased stratification and reduced transport, as expected with climate change, causes decrements in the LCE metrics and energy in the GoM.
Assessing the Impact of Nontraditional Ocean Observations for Prediction of the East Australian Current
Authors: Siripatana Adil , Kerry Colette , Roughan Moninya , Souza João Marcos A. C. , Keating Shane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccurate forecasting of ocean currents in dynamic regions remains a critical challenge due to the sparsity of observations in global ocean observing networks and the limited resolution of present‐day regional ocean models. Lately, traditional observing platforms have been complemented by newly available data streams capable of sampling at higher spatial and/or temporal resolutions in dynamically significant regions in near‐real time. However, the relative merits and trade‐offs of incorporating these “nontraditional” observations into ocean state estimates have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we perform a detailed statistical and dynamical comparison of two high‐resolution reanalysis products assimilating different combinations of traditional and nontraditional observations in the East Australian Current (EAC) system, a vigorous western boundary current. We show that sea‐surface height and temperature are well‐constrained by satellite measurements; however, below the surface, a reanalysis incorporating fully available observations better represents the ocean state. The core of the EAC jet is effectively constrained by subsurface observations from deep water moorings upstream of jet separation, while radar‐derived nearshore surface velocities in the separation zone are found to resolve the submesoscale cyclonic band inshore of the EAC. Cost function sensitivity analysis of both products reveals excessive model adjustment at depth causing the reanalyzes to overestimate alongshore transport relative to a 22‐year freely evolving simulation. Overall, the assimilation of nontraditional observations delivers marked improvement in representing dynamical features of the EAC. However, this improvement is not as pronounced in the model forecast due to the introduction of nonphysical dynamics or forcing, suggesting that other improvements such as increased model resolution are required.
Observed Transport Variability of the Atlantic Subtropical Cells and Their Connection to Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Tuchen Franz Philip , Lübbecke Joke F. , Brandt Peter , Fu Yao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe shallow meridional overturning cells of the Atlantic Ocean, the subtropical cells (STCs), consist of poleward Ekman transport at the surface, subduction in the subtropics, equatorward flow at thermocline level and upwelling along the equator and at the eastern boundary. In this study, we provide the first observational estimate of transport variability associated with the horizontal branches of the Atlantic STCs in both hemispheres based on Argo float data and supplemented by reanalysis products. Thermocline layer transport convergence and surface layer transport divergence between 10°N and 10°S are dominated by seasonal variability. Meridional thermocline layer transport anomalies at the western boundary and in the interior basin are anti‐correlated and partially compensate each other at all resolved time scales. It is suggested that the seesaw‐like relation is forced by the large‐scale off‐equatorial wind stress changes through low‐baroclinic‐mode Rossby wave adjustment. We further show that anomalies of the thermocline layer interior transport convergence modulate sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the upwelling regions along the equator and at the eastern boundary at time scales longer than 5 years. Phases of weaker (stronger) interior transport are associated with phases of higher (lower) equatorial SST. At these time scales, STC transport variability is forced by off‐equatorial wind stress changes, especially by those in the southern hemisphere. At shorter time scales, equatorial SST anomalies are, instead, mainly forced by local changes of zonal wind stress.
Warm Middle Miocene Indian Ocean Bottom Water Temperatures: Comparison of Clumped Isotope and Mg/Ca‐Based Estimates
Authors: Modestou S. E. , Leutert T. J. , Fernandez A. , Lear C. H. , Meckler A. N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe middle Miocene is an important analogue for potential future warm climates. However, few independent deep ocean temperature records exist, though these are important for climate model validation and estimates of changes in ice volume. Existing records, all based on the foraminiferal Mg/Ca proxy, suggest that bottom water temperatures were 5–8°C warmer than present. In order to improve confidence in these bottom water temperature reconstructions, we generated a new record using carbonate clumped isotopes (Δ47) and compared our results with Mg/Ca‐based estimates for the Indian Ocean at ODP Site 761. Our results indicate temperatures of 11.0 ± 1.7°C during the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, 14.7–17 Ma) and 8.1 ± 1.9°C after the middle Miocene Climate Transition (MCT, 13.0–14.7 Ma), values 6 to 9°C warmer than present. Our record also indicates cooling across the MCT of 2.9 ± 2.5°C (uncertainties 95% confidence level). The Mg/Ca record derived from the same samples indicates temperatures well within uncertainty of Δ47. As the two proxies are affected by different non‐thermal biases, the good agreement provides confidence in these reconstructed temperatures. Our Δ47 temperature record implies a ~0.6‰ seawater δ18O change over the MCT, in good agreement with previously published values from other sites. Our data furthermore confirm overall high seawater δ18O values across the middle Miocene, at face value suggesting ice volumes exceeding present‐day despite the warm bottom water temperatures. This finding suggests previously underappreciated additional influences on seawater δ18O and/or a decoupling of ice volume and ocean temperature.
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset
Authors: Hong Shengjun , Prokopenko Dmitry , Dobricic Valerija , Kilpert Fabian , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Tijms Betty M. , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Vandenberghe Rik , Cleynen Isabelle , Gabel Silvy , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Regis , Molinuevo José Luis , Rami Lorena ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Kettunen Petronella , Wallin Anders , Lleó Alberto , Sala Isabel , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez-Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Dobson Richard J. B. , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , ten Kate Mara , Barkhof Frederik , Zetterberg Henrik , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case–control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer’s Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures derived from quantifications of five separate amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case–control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau-related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long noncoding RNA HEIH depletion depresses esophageal carcinoma cell progression by upregulating microRNA-185 and downregulating KLK5
Authors: Wang Bing , Hao Xuezhi , Li Xingkai , Liang Yicheng , Li Fang , Yang Kun , Chen Hengqi , Lv Fang , Gao Yushun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have reported the association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers, yet the function of lncRNA high expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HEIH) in esophageal carcinoma (EC) has seldom been explored. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanism of HEIH on EC via microRNA-185 (miR-185)/kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) modulation. Cancer and non-tumoral tissues were collected, in which HEIH, miR-185 and KLK5 expression were detected, as well as their correlations. Also, the relation between the prognosis of EC patients and HEIH/miR-185/KLK5 expression was clarified. EC cells (KYSE-30 and TE-1) were screened for subsequent gain- and loss-of-function assays and their biological functions were further monitored. Tumor volume and weight in EC mice were also measured. Results from this study indicated that HEIH and KLK5 were elevated and miR-185 was declined in EC. The positive correlation was seen in HEIH and KLK5 expression, while the negative correlation was observed in HEIH or KLK5 and miR-185 expression. High HEIH and KLK5 indicated worse prognosis and high miR-185 suggested better prognosis of EC patients. Depleting HEIH or restoring miR-185 suppressed the malignant phenotypes of EC cells, and delayed tumor growth in EC mice. HEIH was found to bind with miR-185 to regulate KLK5 expression. Overexpressing KLK5 alone promoted EC cell progression while up-regulating miR-185 reversed such effects on EC cells. Collectively, we reveal that HEIH depletion dampens EC progression by upregulating miR-185 and downregulating KLK5, which provides novel treatments for EC.
Opportunistic genomic screening. Recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics
Authors:   On behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics, de Wert Guido , Dondorp Wybo , Clarke Angus , Dequeker Elisabeth M. C. , Cordier Christophe , Deans Zandra , van El Carla G. , Fellmann Florence , Hastings Ros , Hentze Sabine , Howard Heidi , Macek Milan , Mendes Alvaro , Patch Chris , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Stefansdottir Vigdis , Cornel Martina C. , Forzano Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIf genome sequencing is performed in health care, in theory the opportunity arises to take a further look at the data: opportunistic genomic screening (OGS). The European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) in 2013 recommended that genome analysis should be restricted to the original health problem at least for the time being. Other organizations have argued that ‘actionable’ genetic variants should or could be reported (including American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, French Society of Predictive and Personalized Medicine, Genomics England). They argue that the opportunity should be used to routinely and systematically look for secondary findings—so-called opportunistic screening. From a normative perspective, the distinguishing characteristic of screening is not so much its context (whether public health or health care), but the lack of an indication for having this specific test or investigation in those to whom screening is offered. Screening entails a more precarious benefits-to-risks balance. The ESHG continues to recommend a cautious approach to opportunistic screening. Proportionality and autonomy must be guaranteed, and in collectively funded health-care systems the potential benefits must be balanced against health care expenditures. With regard to genome sequencing in pediatrics, ESHG argues that it is premature to look for later-onset conditions in children. Counseling should be offered and informed consent is and should be a central ethical norm. Depending on developing evidence on penetrance, actionability, and available resources, OGS pilots may be justified to generate data for a future, informed, comparative analysis of OGS and its main alternatives, such as cascade testing.
Supporting elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Samoa by predicting locations of residual infection using machine learning and geostatistics
Authors: Mayfield Helen J. , Sturrock Hugh , Arnold Benjamin F. , Andrade-Pacheco Ricardo , Kearns Therese , Graves Patricia , Naseri Take , Thomsen Robert , Gass Katherine , Lau Colleen L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a major focus of the World Health Organization. One key challenge is locating residual infections that can perpetuate the transmission cycle. We show how a targeted sampling strategy using predictions from a geospatial model, combining random forests and geostatistics, can improve the sampling efficiency for identifying locations with high infection prevalence. Predictions were made based on the household locations of infected persons identified from previous surveys, and environmental variables relevant to mosquito density. Results show that targeting sampling using model predictions would have allowed 52% of infections to be identified by sampling just 17.7% of households. The odds ratio for identifying an infected individual in a household at a predicted high risk compared to a predicted low risk location was 10.2 (95% CI 4.2–22.8). This study provides evidence that a ‘one size fits all’ approach is unlikely to yield optimal results when making programmatic decisions based on model predictions. Instead, model assumptions and definitions should be tailored to each situation based on the objective of the surveillance program. When predictions are used in the context of the program objectives, they can result in a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of locating infected individuals.
Coaching self-defense under COVID-19: challenges and solutions in the police and civilian domain
Authors: Koerner Swen , Staller Mario S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a general shutdown of police and civilian self-defense training. While means of distance learning such as online teaching appear to be feasible for theory dominant subjects addressing cognitive resources of the learner, combat-related practices like self-defense trainings don´t seem to fit into the realm of virtual learning due to their bodily foundation. This is made clear by the collective perplexity of police and civilian coaches, gyms and organizations, on how to proceed with training during the lockdown in general, while approaches of distance learning (e.g., online learning) have rarely been considered. In the following article, we tackle the situation of police and civilian self-defense coaches in times of Corona. In a first step, contextual changes and challenges of coaching self-defense are identified through the lenses of a professional coaching model. In line with basic assumptions of ecological dynamics, adaptability seems to be the decisive resource for the coaching and training of self-defense in times of Corona. As an example for such an adaptation in training practice, a conceptual framework for distance-based self-defense training in the civilian and police domain is presented. This framework is adjusted to the respective requirements of physical distancing and adopted to novel security matters within the public sphere caused by the current regulations. In sum, the article attempts to provide ideas and orientation for police and civilian self-defense coaches as well as for their own development possibilities.