bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of clozapine-related metabolic disturbances with CYP3A4 expression in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Menus Ádám , Kiss Ádám , Tóth Katalin , Sirok Dávid , Déri Máté , Fekete Ferenc , Csukly Gábor , Monostory Katalin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClozapine is effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, adverse effects often result in discontinuation of clozapine therapy. Many of the side-effects are associated with pharmacokinetic variations; therefore, the expression of major clozapine-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP3A4) in patients may predict development of adverse effects. In patients with schizophrenia (N = 96), development of clozapine concentration-dependent metabolic side-effects was found to be associated with pharmacokinetic variability related to CYP3A4 but not to CYP1A2 expression. In low CYP3A4 expressers, significant correlation was detected between fasting glucose level and clozapine concentration; moreover, the incidence of abnormal glucose level was associated with exaggerated clozapine concentrations (> 600 ng/ml). In low CYP3A4 expressers, exaggerated concentrations were more frequently observed than in normal/high expressers. Moderate/high risk obesity (BMI ≥ 35) more frequently occurred in low CYP3A4 expresser patients than in normal/high expressers. In patients with normal/high CYP3A4 expression and consequently with extensive clozapine-metabolizing capacity, norclozapine/clozapine ratio correlated with fasting glucose levels, triglyceride concentrations and BMI. Low CYP3A4 expression often resulting in exaggerated clozapine concentrations was considered to be as an important risk factor for some concentration-dependent adverse effects as normal/high CYP3A4 expression evoking high norclozapine/clozapine ratios. CYP3A4-status can identify patients with increased risk for metabolic side-effects and prevent their development by careful therapeutic strategy.
The substrate specificity of the human TRAPPII complex’s Rab-guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity
Authors: Jenkins Meredith L. , Harris Noah J. , Dalwadi Udit , Fleming Kaelin D. , Ziemianowicz Daniel S. , Rafiei Atefeh , Martin Emily M. , Schriemer David C. , Yip Calvin K. , Burke John E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe TRAnsport Protein Particle (TRAPP) complexes act as Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rab GTPases, which are master regulators of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells. In metazoans, there are two large multi-protein TRAPP complexes: TRAPPII and TRAPPIII, with the TRAPPII complex able to activate both Rab1 and Rab11. Here we present detailed biochemical characterisation of Rab-GEF specificity of the human TRAPPII complex, and molecular insight into Rab binding. GEF assays of the TRAPPII complex against a panel of 20 different Rab GTPases revealed GEF activity on Rab43 and Rab19. Electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking revealed the architecture of mammalian TRAPPII. Hydrogen deuterium exchange MS showed that Rab1, Rab11 and Rab43 share a conserved binding interface. Clinical mutations in Rab11, and phosphomimics of Rab43, showed decreased TRAPPII GEF mediated exchange. Finally, we designed a Rab11 mutation that maintained TRAPPII-mediated GEF activity while decreasing activity of the Rab11-GEF SH3BP5, providing a tool to dissect Rab11 signalling. Overall, our results provide insight into the GTPase specificity of TRAPPII, and how clinical mutations disrupt this regulation.
Ancestral L-amino acid oxidases for deracemization and stereoinversion of amino acids
Authors: Nakano Shogo , Kozuka Kohei , Minamino Yuki , Karasuda Hiroka , Hasebe Fumihito , Ito Sohei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractL-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) can be applied to convert racemic amino acids to D-isomers, which are potential precursors of pharmaceuticals. However, this application is hampered by the lack of available stable and structure-determined LAAOs. In this study, we attempt to address this limitation by utilizing two ancestral LAAOs: AncLAAO-N4 and AncLAAO-N5. AncLAAO-N4 has the highest thermal and temporal stabilities among the designed LAAOs that can be used for deracemization and stereoinversion. AncLAAO-N5 can provide X-ray crystal structures, which are helpful to reveal substrate recognition and reaction mechanisms of LAAOs at the molecular level. Next, we attempted to improve activity of AncLAAO-N4 toward L-Val through a semi-rational protein engineering method. Three variants with enhanced activity toward L-Val were obtained. Taken together, we believe that the activity and substrate selectivity of AncLAAOs give them the potential to be key enzymes in various chemoenzymatic reactions.
Topological valley currents via ballistic edge modes in graphene superlattices near the primary Dirac point
Authors: Li Yang , Amado Mario , Hyart Timo , Mazur Grzegorz. P. , Robinson Jason W. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) can exhibit a topological phase via mutual crystallographic alignment. Recent measurements of nonlocal resistance (Rnl) near the secondary Dirac point (SDP) in ballistic graphene/hBN superlattices have been interpreted as arising due to the quantum valley Hall state. We report hBN/graphene/hBN superlattices in which Rnl at SDP is negligible, but below 60 K approaches the value of h/2e2 in zero magnetic field at the primary Dirac point with a characteristic decay length of 2 μm. Furthermore, nonlocal transport transmission probabilities based on the Landauer-Büttiker formalism show evidence for spin-degenerate ballistic valley-helical edge modes, which are key for the development of valleytronics.
Continuously variable emission for mechanical deformation induced radiative cooling
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Tian Yanpei , Chen Fangqi , Ghanekar Alok , Antezza Mauro , Zheng Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPassive radiative cooling, drawing heat energy of objects to the cold outer space through the atmospheric transparent window, is significant for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. Daytime and nighttime radiative cooling have been extensively investigated in the past. However, radiative cooling which can continuously regulate its cooling temperature, like a valve, according to human need is rarely reported. In this study, we propose a reconfigurable photonic structure, based on the effective medium theory and semi-analytical calculations, for the adaptive radiative cooling by continuous variation of the emission spectra in the atmospheric window. This is realized by the deformation of a one-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grating and nanoparticle-embedded PDMS thin film when subjected to mechanical stress/strain. The proposed structure reaches different stagnation temperatures under certain strains. A dynamic tuning in emissivity under different strains results in a continuously variable “ON”/“OFF” mode in a particular atmospheric window that corresponds to the deformation-induced fluctuation of the operating temperatures of the reconfigurable nanophotonic structure.
Multi-CCD modelling of the point spread function
Authors: Liaudat T. , Bonnin J. , Starck J.-L. , Schmitz M. A. , Guinot A. , Kilbinger M. , Gwyn S. D. J. 
Published: December 2020

Context.Galaxy imaging surveys observe a vast number of objects, which are ultimately affected by the instrument’s point spread function (PSF). It is weak lensing missions in particular that are aimed at measuring the shape of galaxies and PSF effects represent an significant source of systematic errors that must be handled appropriately. This requires a high level of accuracy at the modelling stage as well as in the estimation of the PSF at galaxy positions.Aims.The goal of this work is to estimate a PSF at galaxy positions, which is also referred to as a non-parametric PSF estimation and which starts from a set of noisy star image observations distributed over the focal plane. To accomplish this, we need our model to precisely capture the PSF field variations over the field of view and then to recover the PSF at the chosen positions.Methods.In this paper, we propose a new method, coined Multi-CCD (MCCD) PSF modelling, which simultaneously creates a PSF field model over the entirety of the instrument’s focal plane. It allows us to capture global as well as local PSF features through the use of two complementary models that enforce different spatial constraints. Most existing non-parametric models build one model per charge-coupled device, which can lead to difficulties in capturing global ellipticity patterns.Results.We first tested our method on a realistic simulated dataset, comparing it with two state-of-the-art PSF modelling methods (PSFEx and RCA) and finding that our method outperforms both of them. Then we contrasted our approach with PSFEx based on real data from the Canada-France Imaging Survey, which uses the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We show that our PSF model is less noisy and achieves a ∼22% gain on the pixel’s root mean square error with respect toPSFEx.Conclusions.We present and share the code for a new PSF modelling algorithm that models the PSF field on all the focal plane that is mature enough to handle real data.
Auto-correlation functions of astrophysical processes, and their relation to Gaussian processes
Authors: Perger M. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Ribas I. , Rosich A. , Herrero E. , Morales J. C. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Accounting for the effects of stellar magnetic phenomena is indispensable to fully exploit radial velocities (RVs) obtained using modern exoplanet-hunting spectrometers. Correlated time variations are often mitigated by non-trivial noise models in the framework of Gaussian processes. These models rely on fitting kernel functions that are motivated on mathematical grounds, and whose physical interpretation is often elusive.
Aims. We aim to establish a clear connection between stellar magnetic activity affecting RVs and their corresponding correlations with physical parameters, and compare this connection with kernels used in the literature.
Methods. We use simple activity models to investigate the relationship between the physical processes generating the signals and the covariances typically found in data, and to demonstrate the qualitative behaviour of this relationship. We use the StarSim code to calculate RVs of an M dwarf with different realistic evolving spot configurations. The auto-correlation function (ACF) of a synthetic data set shows a very specific behaviour and is explicitly related to the kernel. Gaussian process regression is performed using the quasi-periodic (QP) and simple harmonic oscillator kernels of the george and celerite codes, respectively. Comparison of the resulting kernels with the exact ACFs allows us to cross-match the kernel hyper-parameters with the introduced physical values, study the overall capabilities of the kernels, and improve their definition.
Results. We find that the QP kernel provides a more straightforward interpretation of the physics. It is able to consistently recover both the introduced rotation period Prot and the spot lifetime. Our study indicates that the performance can be enhanced by fixing the form factor w and adding a physically motivated cosine term with period Prot∕2, where the contribution to the ACF for the different spot configurations differs significantly. The newly proposed quasi-periodic with cosine (QPC) kernel leads to significantly better model likelihoods, can potentially distinguish between different spot configurations, and can thereby improve the sensitivity of RV exoplanet searches.
The “diagnose and leave in” strategy for diminutive rectosigmoid polyps in Lynch syndrome: a post hoc analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Gavric Aleksandar , Herrero Jesús , Remedios David , Alvarez Victoria , Albéniz Eduardo , Gordillo Jordi , Puig Ignasi , López-Vicente Jorge , Huerta Alain , López-Cerón María , Salces Inmaculada , Peñas Beatriz , Parejo Sofía , Rodriguez Enrique , Herraiz Maite , Carretero Cristina , Gimeno-Garcia Antonio Z. , Saperas Esteban , Alvarez Cristina , Arnau-Collell Coral , Ortiz Oswaldo , Sánchez Ariadna , Jung Gerhard , Balaguer Francesc , Pellisé María 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The “diagnose-and-leave-in” policy has been established to reduce the risks and costs related to unnecessary polypectomies in the average-risk population. In individuals with Lynch syndrome, owing to accelerated carcinogenesis, the general recommendation is to remove all polyps, irrespective of size, location, and appearance. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of the diagnose-and-leave-in strategy in individuals with Lynch syndrome.
Methods We performed a post hoc analysis based on per-polyp data from a randomized, clinical trial conducted by 24 dedicated colonoscopists at 14 academic centers, in which 256 patients with confirmed Lynch syndrome underwent surveillance colonoscopy from July 2016 to January 2018. In vivo optical diagnosis with confidence level for all detected lesions was obtained before polypectomy using virtual chromoendoscopy alone or with dye-based chromoendoscopy. Primary outcome was the negative predictive value (NPV) for neoplasia of high-confidence optical diagnosis among diminutive (≤ 5 mm) rectosigmoid lesions. Histology was the reference standard.
Results Of 147 rectosigmoid lesions, 128 were diminutive. In 103 of the 128 lesions (81 %), the optical diagnostic confidence was high and showed an NPV of 96.0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 88.9 %–98.6 %) and accuracy of 89.3 % (95 %CI 81.9 %–93.9 %). By following the diagnose-and-leave-in policy, we would have avoided 59 % (75/128) of polypectomies at the expense of two diminutive low grade dysplastic adenomas and one diminutive sessile serrated lesion that would have been left in situ.
Conclusion In patients with Lynch syndrome, the diagnose-and-leave-in strategy for diminutive rectosigmoid polyps would be feasible and safe.
Prevalence and Neighborhood Geomapping of COVID-19 in an Underserved Chicago Pregnant Population
Authors: Buhimschi Catalin S. , Elam Gloria L. , Locher Stephen R. , Norris-Stojak Doreen , Aldasoqi Hayfaa , Stephenson Mary D. , Buhimschi Irina A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The Chicago area is known to harbor some of the deepest racial and ethnic socioeconomic inequalities in the United States. We studied the prevalence and neighborhood distribution of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 after implementation of universal screening at an academic hospital providing obstetrical services to an underserved Chicago population.
Study Design From April 16 to June 16, 2020, a total of 369 patients were screened for COVID-19 at University of Illinois at Chicago with either the Abbott Point-of-Care (POC, n = 266) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR, n = 101). Patient residential data mapped using ESRI ArcGIS Pro was integrated in ESRI's Living Atlas with the Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Index (NSEI).
Results Precisely, 7.9% (29/369) of screened patients tested positive; 69% (17/29) with the POC test and 31% (12/29) by RT-PCR. The prevalence of an outpatient RT-PCR positive result was 8.9% (9/101). All but one of the 29 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients were either Hispanic or Black, and the majority resided in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Conclusion The disproportionate hit of COVID-19 pandemic on the Hispanic and Black communities reflects in SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in the obstetrical population. Our report provides data that may be useful to policy makers when prioritizing resources to communities in need.
Directionality of light absorption and emission in representative fluorescent proteins
Authors: Myšková Jitka , Rybakova Olga , Brynda Jiří , Khoroshyy Petro , Bondar Alexey , Lazar Josef 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Fluorescent proteins have been used extensively in many areas of life sciences. Many of their applications rely on their various biophysical properties, such as excitation and emission wavelengths, excited state lifetimes, or sensitivity to the molecular environment. One aspect of fluorescent proteins that has remained largely neglected is the directionality of their optical properties. In the present work, we describe our experimental determination of the directionality of light absorption and emission in several commonly used fluorescent proteins. Our findings improve our understanding of fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins, and expand the possibilities of development and applications of genetically encoded fluorescent probes.
How operationalizations of word types affect measures of lexical diversity
Authors: Jarvis Scott , Hashimoto Brett James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study tests three measures of lexical diversity (LD), each using five operationalizations of word types. The measures include MTLD (measure of textual lexical diversity), MTLD-W (moving average MTLD with wrap-around measurement), and MATTR (moving average type-token ratio). Each of these measures is tested with types operationalized as orthographic forms, lemmas using automated POS tags, lemmas using manually corrected POS tags, flemmas (list-based lemmas that do not distinguish between parts of speech), and word families. These measures are applied to 60 narrative texts written in English by adolescent native speakers of English (n = 13), Finnish (n = 31), and Swedish (n = 16). Each individual LD measure is evaluated in relation to how well it correlates with the mean LD ratings of 55 human raters whose inter-rater reliability was exceedingly high (Cronbach’s alpha = .980). The overall results show that the three measures are comparable but two of the operationalizations of types produce mixed results across measures.
Multi-parameter global calculations of fission fragments using a simplified two-dimensional scission-point model *
Authors: Wei Kang , Zhang Hong-Fei , He Zhi-Xuan , Wang Xing-Yu , Guo Shu-Qin , Hu Bi-Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Exploiting the concept of the dinuclear system, the interaction potential energy of two fragments that are quite close to each other is analyzed. A semi-classical method is used to calculate fission fragment yields using a simplified two-dimensional scission-point model. By considering the tip-to-tip orientation at the scission point of the fission process, we investigate the mass, charge, and kinetic-energy distributions of the fission fragments, for excitation energies in the 0-20 MeV range. Our results show that the fission fragment distributions are reproduced quite well, including the recent experimental results for the isotone chain [D Ramos et al. Phys. Rev. C 97, 054612 (2018)]. Thus, the simplified model is useful for multi-parameter global measurements of fission products.
Strong Coupling Constants of the Doubly Heavy Spin-1/2 Baryons with Light Pseudoscalar Mesons
Authors: Rostami S. , Azizi K. , Olamaei A. R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The strong coupling constants of hadronic multiplets are fundamental parameters which carry information about the strong interactions among participating particles. These parameters can help us construct the hadron-hadron strong potential and gain information about the structure of the involved hadrons. Motivated by the recent observation of the doubly charmed

state by LHCb, we determine the strong coupling constants among the doubly heavy spin-1/2 baryons,

,

and light pseudoscalar mesons,

, K,

and

within the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules. The obtained results may help experimental groups in analysis of the related data at hadron colliders.
STS36 XXXVI Siberian Thermophysical Seminar
Authors: Alekseenko S. V. , Markovich D. M. , Kuibin P. A. 
Published: December 2020

The Siberian Thermophysical Seminar (STS) has been traditionally held at Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS in Novosibirsk Akademgorodok since 1960. This area being thirty kilometers away for the city represents a largest scientific center in the easter part of Russia with 35 multidisciplinary institutes spread around Akademgorodok.
List of Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee, Chairman, Deputy chairman, Scientific secretaries, Technical committee chairman, Members of the Organizing Committee and Scientific and advisory committees are available in this pdf.
The turbulent flow structure in a wall jet blown through cylindrical holes into a transverse trench. Experiment and numerical simulation
Authors: Chokhar I A , Ochered’ko A I , Pakhomov M A , Philippov M V , Terekhov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The results of experimental and numerical studies of the turbulent flow structure of a wall gas jet injected through round holes into a transverse trench are presented. It is shown that the main advantage of this method of coolant supply in comparison with the classical blowing through cylindrical holes in the protected surface is achieved at large blowing ratios. At that, the formation of vortex structures inside the trench ensures more uniform output of the secondary flow in the transverse direction. Comparative analysis with the data of our measurements indicates a quantitative correspondence between the results of the experiments and simulations.
The Flow Crisis and an Inner Source of Heating in the Vortex Tube
Authors: Pravdina M Kh , Kabardin I K , Polyakova V I , Gordienko M R , Yavorsky N I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The analysis of current complex experimental investigation of the vortex tube with square cross section is made focusing on the criticality of the inner flow in the framework of the flow crisis concept. The criticality condition is proved to take place in the vortex tube by operating with LDA obtained velocity experimental data. As the measured axial velocity exceeds the calculated velocity of centrifugal elastic waves on the boundary between the longitudinal circulation zone and the near wall swirling jet, two scenarios are supposed possible for the transition of the supercritical state to a subcritical one, similar to the vortex breakdown in a swirling jet at its discharge into the quiet liquid volume: the mild oscillations or a series of hydraulic jumps become possible, leading to a flow pattern choke change with the transformation to heat of excess kinetic energy.
Heat transfer behind a sudden expansion in a round tube with variation of the expansion ratio
Authors: Terekhov V I , Bogatko T V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The results of a numerical study of the influence of a step height on the flow structure and turbulent heat transfer in the zone of flow separation, attachment and relaxation are presented. The range of Reynolds numbers is ReD1 = 6.7·103-13.3·104. The degree of tube expansion varies within ER = (D2/D1)2 = 1.085 ÷ 4. In the work will show how exactly the ratio of tube expansion affects hydrodynamics and heat transfer in the separation area. When increasing ER the separation area lengthens and becomes more extensive: from 5 to 12 step heights (5h - 12h). Heat transfer is not so intensive, Numax decreases by the factor of 2.5. The coordinate of the maximum heat transfer Numax moves downstream. Comparison the calculation results with the experimental data of other authors is presented. A correlation formula allowing calculation of the separated flow with consideration of the degree of tube expansion is presented as generalization of data obtained.