bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Handy Technique for Fundamental Unit in Specific Type of Real Quadratic Fields
Authors: Özer Özen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Different types of number theories such as elementary number theory, algebraic number theory and computational number theory; algebra; cryptology; security and also other scientific fields like artificial intelligence use applications of quadratic fields. Quadratic fields can be separated into two parts such as imaginary quadratic fields and real quadratic fields. To work or determine the structure of real quadratic fields is more difficult than the imaginary one.
The Dirichlet class number formula is defined as a special case of a more general class number formula satisfying any types of number field. It includes regulator, ℒ-function, Dedekind zeta function and discriminant for the field. The Dirichlet’s class number h(d) formula in real quadratic fields claims that we have

h

(
d
)

.
log

ε
d

=

Δ
.

ℒ

(

1
,

χ
d

)

h\left(d \right).log {\varepsilon _d} = \sqrt {\Delta} {\scr L} \left({1,\;{\chi _d}}\right)

for positive d > 0 and the fundamental unit ɛ

d
of

ℚ

(

d

)

{\rm{\mathbb Q}}\left({\sqrt d} \right)

. It is seen that discriminant, ℒ-function and fundamental unit ɛ

d
are significant and necessary tools for determining the structure of real quadratic fields.
The focus of this paper is to determine structure of some special real quadratic fields for d > 0 and d ≡ 2,3 (mod4). In this paper, we provide a handy technique so as to calculate particular continued fraction expansion of integral basis element w

d
, fundamental unit ɛ

d
, and so on for such real quadratic number fields. In this paper, we get fascinating results in the development of real quadratic fields.
Analysis of early postoperative outcomes of combined simultaneous and multistage surgeries
Authors: Beyshenaliev Alymkadyr , Zhumagulov Nurgazy , Atabaev Taalaibek , Nyshanov Begmamat 
Published: November 2019

Objective: comparative analysis of the postoperative outcome of combined surgery for concomitant abdominal and pelvic (gynecological) pathology

Methods: Overall, 346 surgical patients with concomitant abdominal and gynecological surgical diseases were analyzed retrospectively in postoperative period.

Results: In the early postoperative period complications developed in groups of extreme high and high operational-anesthetic risk (ASA III and ASA IV).

Conclusion: According to results of our study, combined surgical interventions especially those performed from a single surgical approach, slightly increase the severity of the operation compared to isolated interventions performed for the same underlying diseases.
How Much? How Fast? How Soon? Three Simple Concepts for Progressing Training Loads to Minimize Injury Risk and Enhance Performance
Authors: Gabbett Tim J. 
Published: November 2019

Background When progressing an athlete from rehabilitation to peak performance, load must exceed load capacity. When gradual, systematic increases in load are applied, load capacity will improve. However, if the applied load greatly exceeds load capacity, then tissue tolerance is exceeded and injury may occur. Clinical Question It is well established that a balance exists between providing an adequate training stimulus to elicit performance benefits and minimizing the risk of injury. How can practitioners determine how much training is too much? Following injury, how soon can training loads be progressed? How quickly can athletes return to competition? Key Results When developing rehabilitation or performance programs, 3 concepts are critical: the “floor,” the “ceiling,” and time. The floor represents the athlete's current capacity, whereas the ceiling represents the capacity needed to perform the specific activities of the sport. A challenge in most sporting environments is the time required to progress from the floor to the ceiling. If athletes' training loads are progressed too rapidly, they will be at increased risk of injury and underperformance. Clinical Application Rehabilitation practitioners should consider and plan the appropriate amount of time required to progress from the floor (eg, rehabilitation) to the ceiling (eg, return to performance). The resilience and robustness that come from training take time, and different physical capacities will adapt at different rates. Progressive, gradual, and systematic increases in training load allow athletes to safely progress to the ceiling, reducing injury risk, improving availability, and enhancing performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(10):570–573. Epub 15 Nov 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9256
Surgical removal using V3-radial artery graft-V4 bypass and occipital artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass for a giant thrombosed aneurysm of vertebral artery compressing brain stem: Case report
Authors: Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro , Naemura Kazuaki , Akabane Atsuya 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Giant thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysms (GTVAs) are difficult disease to treat. Here, we are reporting a case of GTVA successfully treated with excluding the pathological segment and restoring the anterograde blood flow of the parent artery, highlighting the reliable surgical procedure.

Case Description:
A 55-year-old man with a left GTVA complained of right hemiparesis (manual muscle testing 4/5) represented by hand clumsiness and gait disturbance, in addition to severe left-sided dysesthesia, was referred to our hospital. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was incorporated into the GTVA segment, and the contralateral vertebral artery showed atherosclerotic change. Thus, we decided to treat the aneurysm with aneurysm trapping and thrombectomy, in conjunction with V3-radial artery graft (RAG)-V4 bypass and occipital artery (OA)-PICA bypass through a suboccipital transcondylar approach. The distal end of the dilated segment was meandering and deflecting outwardly to the vicinity of the internal auditory canal and was stretched in an axial direction. Thus, the V4 stump can be transposed to the triangle space made by the medulla, lower cranial nerves, and sigmoid sinus, and we could perform a safe and reliable anastomosis through the corridor. After the surgery, the compression of the brain stem was released, and right hemiparesis was improved completely after rehabilitation. The patient was discharged with a modified Rankin Scale score of 1.

Conclusion:
Trapping of the aneurysm and thrombectomy are the most radical treatment for GTVA, and if possible, reconstruction of anterograde blood flow with V3-RAG-V4 bypass and OA-PICA bypass is desirable.
1980 Tarihli Uluslararası Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki Veçhelerine Dair La Haye Sözleşmesi’ne Göre Çocuğun İadesinin Reddi Sebepleri
Authors: TEKİN Esra 
Published: November 2019

Uluslararası unsurlu evlilikler ayrılıkla sonuçlandığında, diğer ebeveyni
cezalandırmak amacıyla çocuğun mutad meskeninden başka bir üye devlete
götürülmesi veya diğer ebeveynin rızası dâhilinde götürüldüğü ülkede alıkonması durumlarında 1980 tarihli Uluslararası Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki
Veçhelerine Dair La Haye Sözleşmesi gündeme gelecektir. Bu sözleşmenin
amacı, hukuka aykırı olarak yeri değiştirilen çocuğun bir an evvel, önceki
mutad meskeninin bulunduğu akit devlete iadesini ve taraf bir devletteki
koruma ile ziyaret haklarına, diğer taraf devletlerde etkili bir biçimde riayet
edilmesini sağlamaktır. Bu sözleşme adli işbirliğine ilişkindir ve Sözleşme’ye
göre kural olarak çocuk, mutad meskenine derhâl iade edilmelidir. Ancak,
istisnai olmakla birlikte iadenin reddi de mümkündür. İadenin reddi sebepleri
Sözleşme’nin 12, 13 ve 20’nci maddelerinde düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda
örnek kararlar ışığında iadenin reddi sebepleri ele alınmış olup, Sözleşme’nin
13/1 b hükmü ayrı bir çalışma konusu teşkil edeceğinden çalışmamız kapsamına alınmamıştır.
Problematización, historia del pensamiento y arqueología en Michel Foucault
Authors: Vega Guillermo 
Published: November 2019

<p>El presente escrito sostiene que es posible recuperar como legado foucaulteano para los debates contemporáneos acerca de la especificidad del trabajo filosófico la centralidad de la noción de problematización, comprendida como indicador de un objeto específico de análisis; la arqueología, como modo privilegiado de acceso al mismo; y la historia del pensamiento como empresa mayor en la cual objeto y modo de acceso se inscriben. Para ello, el escrito indaga, en una primera parte, la especificidad de la problematización foucaulteana como objeto de interés para el trabajo intelectual. En esta instancia se discuten dos sentidos de la noción de problematización a través de algunas referencias realizadas sobre el trabajo de Carol Bacchi. En un segundo momento, se explora el modo en que el análisis de las formas de problematización se integra en el proyecto de una historia del pensamiento. Para ello se vinculan las nociones de pensamiento y problematización a partir de la especificidad de los juegos de verdad. Esta dirección indica el camino a la última parte del escrito, en la que se recuperan los elementos constitutivos de la arqueología, asumida como modo de acceso privilegiado para el análisis de las formas de problematización, en el marco mayor de una historia del pensamiento.</p>
Working Memory Impairment in Euthymic State of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Jha A , Joshi D , Kattel P , Koirala P 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders persist after the subsidence of active symptoms. This study was carried out to assess the working memory of patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state.
Material And Method: Forty euthymic bipolar patients attending a tertiary care mental hospital with equal number of matched controls in terms of age, sex and education were included in the study. Working memory assessments was done using WAIS-III digit span subtest.
Results: The mean of total digit span test for case group was 8.48±2.04 similarly it was 10.33±2.32 for the controls. The result showed that the mean digit span of cases and control groups are significantly different (p value of < 0.01). The Pearsons correlation between the clinical variables and working memory test in euthymic bipolar patients (case group) was found that the total score for digit span test was negatively correlated with all other clinical variables However, this correlation was found to be non-significant.
Conclusion: The working memory impairment persists in remitted bipolar disorder patients and this may represent underlying trait abnormality not the state abnormality.
Manifestaciones atípicas del síndrome de vasculitis-angeítis- endotelitis (SVAE) cutánea
Authors: Baquero Gary Andrés , Tróchez Pablo Alonso , Campo Piedad , Bocanegra Diana Milena , García Grégory Alfonso 
Published: November 2019

Se reportan dos pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de vasculitis cutánea de presentación clínica atípica. Un joven de 13 años con lesiones bullosas y flictenulares generalizadas de 2-3 cm sin sobreinfección, que se iniciaron en la cavidad oral y se extendieron al tórax anterior y extremidades, asociadas con infección ventilo-respiratoria tipo neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), que requirió antibióticos y corticoides sistémicos, con resolución completa a los 17 días y diagnóstico definitivo de vasculitis por hipersensibilidad. El otro paciente corresponde a un adulto de 58 años con historia de 18 meses de lesiones maculares purpúricas en miembros superiores e inferiores, algunas confluyen generando placas violáceas no mayores de 5 cm. Cursó con diabetes, retinopatía e hipertensión arterial. La biopsia mostró vasculitis leucocitoclásica con “signo de promontorio”, por lo cual se sospechó sarcoma de Kaposi que se descartó. El diagnóstico definitivo fue vasculitis linfocítica en pitiriasis liquenoide crónica (PLC).
Posterior foraminotomy versus anterior decompression and fusion in patients with cervical degenerative disc disease with radiculopathy: up to 5 years of outcome from the national Swedish Spine Register
Authors: MacDowall Anna , Heary Robert F. , Holy Marek , Lindhagen Lars , Olerud Claes 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVEThe long-term efficacy of posterior foraminotomy compared with anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of degenerative disc disease with radiculopathy has not been previously investigated in a population-based cohort.METHODSAll patients in the national Swedish Spine Register (Swespine) from January 1, 2006, until November 15, 2017, with cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy were assessed. Using propensity score matching, patients treated with posterior foraminotomy were compared with those undergoing ACDF. The primary outcome measure was the Neck Disability Index (NDI), a patient-reported outcome score ranging from 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating greater disability. A minimal clinically important difference was defined as > 15%. Secondary outcomes were assessed with additional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).RESULTSA total of 4368 patients (2136/2232 women/men) met the inclusion criteria. Posterior foraminotomy was performed in 647 patients, and 3721 patients underwent ACDF. After meticulous propensity score matching, 570 patients with a mean age of 54 years remained in each group. Both groups had substantial decreases in their NDI scores; however, after 5 years, the difference was not significant (2.3%, 95% CI −4.1% to 8.4%; p = 0.48) between the groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in EQ-5D or visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm scores. The secondary surgeries on the index level due to restenosis were more frequent in the foraminotomy group (6/100 patients vs 1/100), but on the adjacent segments there was no difference between groups (2/100).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy, both groups demonstrated clinical improvements at the 5-year follow-up that were comparable and did not achieve a clinically important difference from one another, even though the reoperation rate favored the ACDF group. This study design obtains population-based results, which are generalizable.
Use of Augmented Reality in Chemistry Education
Authors: Нечипуренко Павло , Старова Тетяна , Селіванова Тетяна , Томіліна Анна , Учитель Олександр 
Published: November 2019

Nechypurenko P.P., Starova T.V., Selivanova T.V. and Tomilina A.O. Use of Augmented Reality in Chemistry Education.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the current trends in the use of the augmented reality in the chemistry education and to identify the promising areas for the introduction of AR–technologies to support thechemistry education in Ukrainian educational institutions. The article is aimed at solving such problems as: the generalization and analysis of the scientific researches results on the use of the augmented reality in the chemistry education, the characteristics of the modern AR–tools in the chemistry education and the forecasting of some possible areas of the development and improvement of the Ukrainian tools of the augmented reality in the chemistry education. The object of research is the augmented reality, and the subject is the use of the augmented reality in the chemistry learning. As a result of the study, it has been found that AR–technologies are actively used in the chemistry education and their effectiveness has been proven, but there are still no Ukrainian software products in this field. Frequently AR–technologiesof the chemistry education are used for 3D visualization of the structure of atoms, molecules, crystalline lattices. The study has made it possible to conclude that there is a significant demand for the chemistry education with the augmented reality that is available via the mobile devices, and accordingly the need to develop the appropriate tools to support the chemistry education at schools and universities. The most promising thing is the development of methodological recommendations for the implementation of laboratory works, textbooks, popular scientific literature on chemistry with the use of the augmented reality technologies and the creation of the simulators for workingwith the chemical equipment and utensils using the augmented reality.
Computer Simulation of Biological Processes at the High School
Authors: Комарова Олена , Азарян Альберт 
Published: November 2019

Komarova O. V. and Azaryan A. A. Computer Simulation of Biological Processes at the High School.
Research goals: the necessity of study in high school of the law of Hardy — Weinberg as one of the fundamental genetic laws was justified. The peculiarities of using the method of model experiment in the studyof the genetic and evolutionary processes in populations with the use of computer technology. Object of research: computer simulation of population genetic structure. Subject of research: computer simulation of genetic and evolutionary processes in ideal and real populations. Research methods: pedagogical experiment (survey), analysis of scientific publications on the use of the high school method of modelling genetic and evolutionary processes in populations, computer simulation. Results of the research: a web page for processing by the pupils of the modelling results of genetic and evolutionary processes in populations was created.
The Problems of Personnel Training for STEM Education in the Modern Innovative Learning and Research Environment
Authors: Шишкіна Марія 
Published: November 2019

Shyshkina M.P. The Problems of Personnel Training for STEM Education in the Modern Innovative Learning and Research Environment.
The aim of the article is to describe the problems of personnel training that arise in view of extension of the STEM approach to education, development of innovative technologies, in particular, virtualization,augmented reality, the use of ICT outsourcing in educational systems design. The object of research is the process of formation and development of the educational and scientific environment of educational institution. The subject of the study is the formation and development of the cloud-based learning and research environment for STEM education. The methods of research are: the analysis of publications on the problem; generalization of domestic and foreign experience; theoretical analysis, system analysis, systematization and generalization of research facts and laws for the development and design of themodel of the cloud-based learning environment, substantiation of the main conclusions. The results of the research are the next: the concepts and the model of the cloud-based environment of STEM education is substantiated, the problems of personnel training at the present stage are outlined.
The Potential of Using Google Expeditions and Google Lens Tools under STEM-education in Ukraine
Authors: Шаповалов Євгеній , Білик Жанна , Атамась Артем , Учитель Олександр 
Published: November 2019

Shapovalov Yе.B., Bilyk Zh.I., Atamas A.I., Shapovalov V.V. and Uchytel A.D. The Potential of Using Google Expeditions and Google Lens Tools under STEM-education in Ukraine.
The expediency of using the augmented reality in the case of using of STEM-education in Ukraine is shown. The features of the augmented reality and its classification are described. The possibilities of using the Google Expeditions and Google Lens as platforms of the augmented reality is analyzed. A comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction was carried out to study the potential of using augmented reality platforms in the educational process. Main characteristics of Google Expeditions and Google Lens are described. There determined that augmented reality tools can improve students motivation to learn and correspond to trends of STEM-education. However, there problems of using of augmented reality platforms, such as the lack of awareness of this system by teachers, the lack of guidance, the absence ofthe Ukrainian-language interface and responding of educational programs of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. There proposed to involve methodical and pedagogical specialists to development of methodical provision of the tools of augmented reality.
Prospects of Using the Augmented Reality for Training Foreign Students at the Preparatory Departments of Universities in Ukraine
Authors: Зінонос Наталя , Віхрова Олена , Пікільняк Андрій 
Published: November 2019

Zinonos N.O., Vikhrova O.V., Pikilnyak A.V. Prospects of Using the Augmented Reality for Training Foreign Students at the Preparatory Departments of Universities in Ukraine.
The purpose of the study is to highlight the potential and the prospects of using the augmented reality in the mathematical education for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Objectives of the study: to determine the peculiarities of the virtualization of the training of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities, as well as the possibilities of using the technology of complementary reality in the teaching of mathematics. Object of research: a virtually oriented educational environment of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Subject of research: virtualization of learning with the augmented reality of mathematical education of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Used research methods: theoretical — analysis of scientific and methodological literature; empirical-study, observation of the educational process. Results of the research: on the basis of the analysis of scientific publications, the notion of virtualization of education and the virtually oriented educational environment of foreign students at the preparatory departments of higher educational institutions is described. The main conclusions and recommendations: 1) the article outlines the possibilities and prospects of using the augmented reality in the mathematical education for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities; 2) the considering the various targets of mobileapplications, which are used in solving mathematical problems, as well as analysis of the characteristics of various practical achievements of using the augmented reality in the mathematical preparation for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities, it is planned to devote a separate work.