bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Money, Security, and the Relationships of Trust: Toward an Integrated Understanding of Gorbachev's Role in German Unity
Authors: Eedy Sean 
Published: May 2020

Constructivist theory has been part of the historiography of the Cold War's end and the unification of Germany since the late 1990s. However, much of the literature on the subject of Gorbachev and German unity interprets events using security and economics as having dictated Soviet policy of the period. This paper discusses Materialist, Realist, and Constructivist theories and their necessary interaction to provide a more thorough analysis of Gorbachev's role in German unity. It argues not only that German Unification was the unforeseen byproduct of Gorbachev's policies meant to revitalize the Soviet economy, but also that German unity was not possible until Gorbachev's economic and security concerns for the USSR's future were allayed. These concerns were not addressed by traditional measures, but through the trust developed between Gorbachev, West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, and the Federal Republic of Germany. Constructivist theory adds significant dimensions to the existing interpretations of Materialist and Realist theories in explaining how Gorbachev addressed Soviet concerns and policies of reform during the process of German unification where earlier confrontationist policies failed.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v6i1.207
Five Lessons from European Democracy
Authors: Matijasevich David 
Published: May 2020

Outside of some states still struggling with post-communist transitions, Europe itself may be the first European democracy to collapse in decades. Though never a bastion of participatory democracy and even subject to continuous criticism due to its democratic deficit, the European Union (EU) has provided hope to those who envision a post-national democratic political community. As such, whether the EU survives its present crisis or not, cosmopolitan democrats will look to the EU as a vindication of their ideals. Though perhaps surprising given their track record, this paper will argue that political scientists, especially those concerned with democratization, can also be optimistic about what the EU has brought to the table in terms of how we conceive processes of democratic development. Throughout the paper it will be demonstrated that the creation and maintenance of the European democracy has challenged much of the literature's fundamental assumptions of what makes democracy work. Five key lessons from the European democratic experience will be presented in an attempt to disrupt some of these assumptions including lessons regarding the diversity of the demos, the contingency of democratic upkeep, the challenges of the state, the role of elites in political transformation, and the necessity of exclusion within inclusive spaces. Though a general theory of democracy will not be presented, suggestions will be made as to how we can incorporate some of these lessons into the dominant approaches to democracy found in the literature.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.214
Mental Models and the Europe 2020 Strategy: Neo-schumpetarian Ideas in Innovation and Education
Authors: King Conrad 
Published: May 2020

This article asks how ideas have mattered for the establishment of policy goals for the Europe 2020 Strategy. I argue that despite the specification of new environmental and social targets, the overall policy goals of Europe 2020 remain consistent with the 2000 Lisbon Agenda because the European Council and the European Commission have had resilient causal beliefs about the challenges of globalization, as well as the appropriate responses to these challenges. Using Alan Jacobs's theory of mental models and attention heuristics, this article describes the connection between neo-schumpetarian ideas and the policy outcomes of Europe 2020, particularly in the domains of innovation and education policy. Establishing this connection is an essential first step to explain precisely how ideas can determine and maintain the policy preferences of particular EU actors, a direction for future research.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.217
Has the Sovereign Wealth Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) Been Able to Promote Economic Diversification?
Authors: Yücesoy Vahid 
Published: May 2020

Oil-rich countries have oftentimes been confronted with the challenge of diversifying their economies away from oil dependence given the exhaustible nature of these fossil fuels. Investing in sovereign wealth funds has been one of the most ubiquitous ways of preparing for the post-oil period. Investing in sovereign wealth funds rather than directly injecting the oil revenues in the economy not only precludes the outbreak of the Dutch Disease (which is known for giving rise to an exchange rate appreciation, crowding out non-oil industries and keeping the economy reliant on oil), but it also saves for future generations. Yet, in the case of Azerbaijan, the Sovereign Wealth Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), founded in 1999, has only increased this reliance on oil. Using the rentier states theoretical framework, this paper will argue that the direct control over SOFAZ exercised by the president and the lack of consultation with the NGOs have made corruption easier, making the task of economic diversification more difficult. This has been possible because through corruption the president has often resorted to oil money to buy peace rather than invest it in economic diversification. As a result, since the foundation of SOFAZ, the country is more reliant, not less, on oil.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v8i1.223
Boarding the Euro Plane: Euro Adoption in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Verdun Amy , Dandashly Assem 
Published: May 2020

What explains the euro adoption strategies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia? How have each of these two countries performed under the regime they joined (Czech Republic: flexible exchange rates; Slovakia: in the euro area)? How has that experience affected Czech and Slovak policies towards euro adoption and their performance during the euro crisis? This paper asks these questions and seeks to give an answer to the question why Slovakia adopted the euro while the Czech Republic did not. We address these questions by taking an eclectic approach that draws on constructivism and symbolism, historical institutionalism and domestic politics. The paper examines five explanations based on these theoretical approaches: the inferiority-superiority factor; European identity and the ‘return’ to Europe; symbolic factor of the currency; euroskepticism; and economic structure and trade relations.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i2.232
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC KITS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HIV-1 RNA PRODUCED IN RUSSIA
Authors: Lapovok I. A. , Lopatukhin A. E. , Kirichenko A. A. , Murzakova A. V. , Kireev D. E. 
Published: May 2020

Aim: to carry out the comparative analysis of Russian kits for HIV-1 viral load (VL) measuring: AmpliSens HIV-monitor-FRT, AmpliSens HIV-monitor-Duo-FL, RealBest RNA HIV quantitative, HIV-GEN quantitative.Materials and methods: we analyzed the collection of clinical blood plasma samples with VL 590–2,05×106 copies/ml, dilutions of HIV-1 2nd International Standard, as well as panels of subtypes and recombinant forms of HIV-1 group M. The convergence of the results was determined using the Spearman correlation analysis and the Bland-Altman method.Results. A high level of convergence of VL measuring results in clinical samples (n=76) was determined for all compared kits with the value of approximation reliability R of at least 0,85. The maximum difference between the median values of VL results (0,48 log, ≈3-fold) was obtained for HIVMonitor-FRT and RealBest quantitative, which did not exceed the acceptable discordance rate in two kits comparing. All dilutions of the 2nd international HIV-1 standard were successfully determined by all kits with middle error 0,16–0,34 lg copies/ml. All kits successfully revealed the most of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants studied with middle deviation 0,02–0,56 log copies/ml. HIV-GEN quantitative demonstrated the highest accuracy, but didn’t reveal ADG-recombinant.
C-Peptide Levels in Subjects Followed Longitudinally Before and After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in TrialNet
Authors: Bogun Magdalena M. , Bundy Brian N. , Goland Robin S. , Greenbaum Carla J. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
Insulin secretion declines rapidly after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, followed by a slower rate of change. Previous studies have demonstrated that the C-peptide decline begins before the clinical diagnosis. Changes in insulin secretion in the same individuals studied from preclinical stages through and after clinical diagnosis have not been previously reported.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Antibody-positive relatives undergo sequential oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) as part of TrialNet’s Pathway to Prevention study and continue both OGTT and mixed-meal tolerance testing (MMTT) as part of the Long-term Investigational Follow-up in TrialNet study if they develop type 1 diabetes. We analyzed glucose and C-peptide data obtained from 80 TrialNet subjects who had OGTT before and after clinical diagnosis. Separately, we compared C-peptide response to OGTT and MMTT in 127 participants after diagnosis.

RESULTS
C-peptide did not change significantly until 6 months before the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and continued to decline postdiagnosis, and the rates of decline for the first 6 months postdiagnosis were similar to the 6 months prediagnosis. There were no significant differences in MMTT and OGTT C-peptide responses in paired tests postdiagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first analysis of C-peptide levels in longitudinally monitored patients with type 1 diabetes studied from before diagnosis and continuing to the postdiagnosis period. These data highlight the discordant timing between accelerated β-cell dysfunction and the current glucose thresholds for clinical diagnosis. To preserve β-cell function, disease-modifying therapy should start at or before the acute decline in C-peptide.
Attitudes towards people with disabilities: a systematic Rreview of intervention effectiveness
Authors: Castillo Yuleinys A , Larson Alan 
Published: May 2020

The improvement of attitudes towards people with disabilities has led to studies focusing on the impact of interventions. This review systematically analyzes and synthesizes the use of interventions to influence attitudes toward people with disabilities. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies that used an intervention in English with a defined assessment instrument meant to measure attitudinal changes toward people with disabilities. Based on a literature research, 32 studies conducted in fourteen different countries were included. In the majority of the cases, the use of interventions was an effective tool to improve attitudes towards disabilities. Implications of findings for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Review of extralabel use of isoxazolines for treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats
Authors: Zhou Xueying , Hohman Alexandra , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Amitraz is presently the only FDA-approved treatment for demodicosis in dogs in the United States. Amitraz treatment involves a protracted course of administration and risks of severe adverse effects such as sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression, which are caused by activation of α2-adrenergic receptors. Other treatment options include macrocyclic lactones and lime sulfur, but these products have varied efficacy and high risks of adverse effects. Several recent studies have indicated that isoxazolines are capable of reducing Demodex mite counts in canine and feline patients with demodicosis by ≥ 99% in as little as 1 month with few adverse effects. This article reviews the status of isoxazolines in regard to labeled uses in dogs and cats in the United States, extralabel clinical use for treatment of demodicosis in these species, and safety of orally administered formulations of these drugs.
ANALISIS ADVERBIA DALAM TEKS PROMOSI, TEKS RUBLIK SURAT KABAR, DAN TEKS JURNAL ILMIAH
Authors: Nurhamidah Didah Nurhamidah , Faznur Lutfi Syauki Faznur Syauki 
Published: May 2020

AbstrakAnalisis dalam kajian ini mengidentifikasi tiga macam teks, yaitu teks promosi, teks surat kabar, dan jurnal ilmiah dengan pendekatan fungsional sistemik untuk mengidentifikasi tindakan proses. Hal ini berkaitan dengan metafungsi klausa untuk mewakili pengalaman (metafungsi eksperiensial). Data terdiri dari 87 klausa dari 4 teks pada berbagai topik, termasuk kolom surat kabar, teks promosi, dan jurnal ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga proses dalam adverbia yang tidak termasuk dalam tata bahasa tradisional Indonesia. Mereka adalah kata keterangan yang menyajikan adverbia ideasional, interpersonal, dan tekstual. Kata kunci: klausa, proses material, proses tindakan, dan adverbia
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Susetyo Agus Milu 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini di awali dari fenomena adanya smartphone Android di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. Sebagian besar mereka hanya menggunakan kecanggihan ponsel untuk kebutuhan komunikasi, bersosial media, dan hiburan. Padahal bisa digunakan untuk media pembelajaran. dimana media pembelajaran atau perkuliahan salah satu kebutuhan yang tidak terlepaskan dari proses pembelajaran. disisi lain, media pembelajaran atau kuliah dikelas membutuhkan suatu inovasi. Kebanyakan pendidik (dosen) menggunakan buku, ppt, internet, dan media proyeksi lainnya. Adaptasi media kuliah mutlak diperlukan agar suasana di kelas tidak monoton.Perangkat lunak berupa Adobe Flash CS6 sudah semakin canggih. Perangkat ini bisa menghasilkan animasi flash yang dapat di konvert ke dalam sistem Android (hp yang banyak dimilik mahasiswa). Dengan kemampuan inilah peneliti ingin mengembangkan media pembelajaran pada mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia yang diterapkan ke dalam smartphone milik mahasiswa. Dengan keinginan ini nantinya smartphone mahasiswa bisa menjadi media pembelajaran yang inovatif khususnya untuk mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia.Dengan metode pengembangan dan uji coba kepada mahasiswa, ahli materi dan ahli media mendapatkan hasil bahwa produk yang dikembangkan peneliti layak digunakan untuk mata kuliah Bahasa Indonesia. meskipun demikian ada kelemahan produk ini. (a) aplikasi Android ini belum tersedia di Googel Playstore sehingga dosenlah yang mendistribusikan kepada mahasiwa. (b) Cara pengerjaan tugas atau latihan masih terpisah dari produk. (c) pengguna harus menggunakan aplikasi pendukung lainnya berupa Adobe Air.Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Bahasa, Media, Android, Pembelajaran
Propofol Sedation in Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Simadibrata Christophorus , Axel Benvenuto , Syahrizal Syahrizal , Ikawari Dina , Simadibrata Paulus , Simadibrata Marcellus 
Published: May 2020

Background: Sedation are commonly used these days in patients that having gastrointestinal endoscopy. Propofol is sedative agent that commonly used in endoscopy procedure.Method: All patients who were performed diagnostic EGD in Abdi Waluyo Hospital’s Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit from January 1st 2017 – 31st December 2017, included in this study. The amount of Propofol, duration during hypnosis/sedation and adverse effects were all recorded.Results: 170 patients were performed diagnostic EGD with Propofol sedation, most of them were male (87 patients, 51,5%). The median age was 48,78 + 14. The median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.45. The median of duration of hynosis (sedation) during EGD was 5 minutes. The median of propofol total dose during EGD was 180 mg. Adverse effects that found during Propofol sedation are muscle twitching(10.6% patients) and pain in area of injection(80% patients). Conclusion: The duration of propofol hypnosis/sedation during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination was 5 minutes. Propofol total dose needed for diagnostic EGD was 180 mg. The common adverse effects of propofol are muscle twitching and pain in area of injection.
Studi Perilaku Pengguna Napza Yang Direhabilitasi di Balai Rehabiltasi Tanah Merah, Samarinda Tahun 2014
Authors: Hanur Rosdiana , Akhmad Akhmad , Rindani Aulia Rahman 
Published: May 2020

Untuk kasus Napza di Samarinda pada tahun 2013 yaitu dengan 228 kasus dan 440 tersangka. Dengan barang bukti1.723 gr Shabu-sabu, 81,10 gr Ganja, 1.0878,8 butir ekstasi dan 86.379 butir LL. Para pengguna tersebut terdiri dari290 orang pekerja swasta, dan 80 pengangguran, dan lain sebagainya. Untuk jenis kelamin sebanyak 400 orang laki-laki dan 40 orang perempuan. (BNNP 2013) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran, pengetahuan tentang Napza. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada enam Residen, empat Konselor dan empat Tenaga Kesehatan Balai Rehabilitasi Tanah Merah. Dari hasil Penelitian dapat digambarkan kurangnya pengetahuan residen tentang Napza, dengan rasa ingin tahu yang besar dan pengaruh dari teman sebaya. selain itu juga karena tekanan dari lingkungan dan pekerjaan bahkan ada yang mulai menggunakan Napza di bangku SMP dan SMA. Para Residen Balai Rehabilitasi Tanah Merah diberikan pengetahuan, pembinaan sikap dan tindakan, untuk menambah pengetahuan dan kepribadian dalam sikap dan tindakan yang lebih baik untuk kembali ke lingkungan masyarakat sekitar. Konselor Residen membantu dalam memberikan pembinaan dalam menghadapi setiap permasalahannya agar menjadi pulih dan lebih baik. Peran Petugas kesehatan yang menangani stabilisasi dan detoksifikiasi kepada para residen serta tidak ada pemberian Napza walaupun dalam dosis kecil.
Definición de la ronda hídrica del río Cauca entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa
Authors: Potes Yeni , Ramirez Carlos A. , Sandoval Maria C. 
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue delimitar la ronda hídrica del río Cauca en el tramo comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Para ello se analizaron diferentes metodologías y adicionalmente se consideraron los criterios de Zona de Flujo Preferente (ZFP) y Zona de Inundación Peligrosa (ZIP) indicadas por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MADS), para la delimitación de la ronda hídrica, al igual que la i) localización de los diques marginales de protección según lo estipulado en el Acuerdo 052 de 2011 de la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca (CVC) y el componente ecosistémico y ii) componentes ecosistémico y geomorfológico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, al aplicar el criterio de Zona de Inundación Peligrosa el área requerida para la ronda hídrica es de 25,153 hectareas, lo que equivale al 84% del área total de la planicie aluvial del río Cauca entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Aunque las propuestas evaluadas no cumplen con el criterio de Zona de Flujo Preferente, permitirían disminuir los niveles de agua del río Cauca hasta 0.67 m respecto a la condición actual. Considerando la dinámica y las condiciones particulares del río Cauca en el sector comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa, y los resultados aquí obtenidos en este estudio se confirma que las metodologías propuestas en España (Territorio Fluvial Sostenible), Holanda y Colombia (MADS) son las más completas para lograr la recuperación y conservación de las zonas ripiarias de los ríos. Por lo tanto, se estableció y aplicó una metodología que considera los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de estas tres metodológías.
Herramientas de Business Intelligence (BI) modernas, basadas en memoria y con lógica asociativa
Authors: Ayala Jeferson , Ortiz Jenny , Guevara Cathy , Maya Edgar 
Published: May 2020

En el campo de la Inteligencia de Negocios, la tendencia se está orientando hacia la utilización de herramientas de BI modernas basadas en memoria y con capacidades de lógica asociativa de consultas; que además permitan dar soporte a la toma de decisiones, presentando la información de una manera sencilla e intuitiva y permitiendo al usuario poseer el conocimiento que necesita oportunamente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las principales características de las tecnologías de BI en memoria y de lógica asociativa de consultas que utilizan las plataformas de BI modernas. La metodología se centró en el tipo de investigación documental, la técnica empleada fue el aná- lisis de contenido a través de la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas. Conclusión: El análisis de información permitió identificar que las principales características de las tecnologías de BI en memoria son: (a) velocidad de análisis, (b) visualización interactiva, (c) procesamiento de memoria, (d) autoservicio y (e) flexibilidad; las principales características de la lógica asociativa son (a) exploración de datos asociativa, (b) cálculo dinámico para todas las visualizaciones (c) preservación de las asociaciones entre los campos que se analizan. Estas características permiten que una solución de inteligencia de negocios sea ágil, flexible, fácil de utilizar y que los usuarios sean menos dependientes de TI.
Competencias para una inclusión digital educativa
Authors: Balladares Burgos Jorge Antonio 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo plantea competencias digitales e informacionales para una inclusión digital educativa tanto dentro como fuera del aula. Se considera que una inclusión digital en la educación brinda pautas y orientaciones para una educación en la diversidad. Se parte del problema de la brecha digital y la necesidad de eliminarla con el fin de buscar igualdad de oportunidades de información y conocimiento para todos. Además, la inclusión digital busca asegurar la calidad educativa, considerando a las TIC como aliadas estratégicas para este fin, y promoviendo un desarrollo de competencias digitales e informacionales en el profesorado.
La interculturalidad en el aprendizaje musical del nivel inicial a través del género sanjuanito
Authors: Bravo Velásquez Mónica del Carmen , Logrono Mercy Julieta 
Published: May 2020

El artículo que se presenta, se inscribe en el marco de la realización del proyecto de iniciación musical que se realizó en la Carrera de Educación Inicial de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, durante los años 2014-2017, cuyo propósito fundamental fue diseñar una metodología para iniciar a los niños y niñas de manera creativa y lúdica en la música, la misma que fue aplicada y validada en el Centro Infantil Laura Barahona de la ciudad de Quito, con infantes de 4 a 5 años de edad. La investigación por su naturaleza es cualitativa y por su modalidad de aplicación es cuasi experimental. Los hallazgos de su aplicación en uno de los géneros abordados desde el proyecto, demuestran que el uso de ritmos musicales de carácter intercultural, como el sanjuanito, género muy arraigado en la herencia cultural andina, facilitan el aprendizaje del ritmo, desde el cual se inicia la actividad musical en la infancia, demostrando además como la interacción de los niños y niñas con géneros tradicionales, promueve una mejor conexión con el aprendizaje dado al vínculo cultural, afectivo y a una memoria musical afincada , generando condiciones pedagógicas idóneas para un mejor desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades musicales, de incidencia directa en los ámbitos cognitivo, psicomotriz y afectivo.