bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waypoint shift manifolds for object color evaluation and comparison
Authors: Derhak Maxim W. , Luo Lin , Berns Roy S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVariability in object appearance is common in everyday experience and this variability can generally be attributed to the relationships between viewing conditions and the composition of an object's spectral reflectances. This paper proposes that objects, illuminants, and observers can be evaluated using a Wpt (Waypoint) shift manifold (WSM), which is defined as a set of Wpt points associated with one or more objects, observers, and/or illuminants. Since spectral reflectances of an object can be decomposed to three components (a wavelength invariant nonselective component, a characteristic reflectance, and a metameric black reflectance), WSMs of any object for an observing condition is composed of three Wpt vectors associated with a perfect reflecting diffuser, the characteristic reflectance, and the metameric black reflectance of the object. Material shift potential (MSP) can be defined as shapes and orientations of object WSMs for evaluation and comparison of object colors. Experimental results show that MSP are dramatically influenced by Wpt vectors associated with the characteristic reflectance and the metameric black reflectance for an object rather than the Wpt vectors associated with nonselective reflectance. Thus, MSP can be preserved for objects having similar characteristic reflectances and metameric black reflectances. In other words, spectral reflectances that have been manipulated to have similar overall shapes exhibit similar color inconstancy.
Remote Actuation of a Light‐Emitting Device Based on Magnetic Stirring and Wireless Electrochemistry
Authors: Dauphin Alice L. , Arbault Stéphane , Kuhn Alexander , Sojic Neso , Bouffier Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose a straightforward access to a rotating light‐emitting device powered by wireless electrochemistry. A magnetic stirrer is used to rotate a light‐emitting diode (LED) due to the intrinsic magnetic properties of the tips that contain iron. At the same time, the LED is submitted to an electric field and acts as a bipolar electrode. The electrochemical processes that are coupled on both extremities of the LED drive an electron flow across the device, resulting in light emission. The variation of the LED alignment in time enables an alternating light emission that is directly controlled by the rotation rate. The stirring also enables a continuous mixing of the electrolyte that improves the stability of the output signal. Finally, the LED brightness can readily reveal a change of chemical composition in the electrolyte solution.
“Water dynamics in the soil‐plant‐atmosphere system” by J.T. Ritchie, Plant and Soil (1981) 58:81–96
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by J.T. Ritchie published in 1981 that explored the use of extractable soil water as an independent variable for defining plant response to water deficit conditions. Recognizing the difficulty of using leaf water potential in defining plant response, he proposed an independent variable based on volumetric soil water content. Specifically, plant response was based on extractable soil water described as a function of ‘fraction of total extractable water in the root zone.’ Ritchie proposed a template for sensitivity of plant processes to soil drying based on fraction of total extractable water. Response functions based on this template have now been extensively studied and are key parts of many approaches to describing water use in both experimental and modeling studies.
Between wellness, relapse, and remission: Stages of illness in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Steinglass Joanna E. , Glasofer Deborah R. , Dalack Maya , Attia Evelyn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivePsychiatric illnesses, like medical illnesses, can sometimes be considered as progressing through stages. Understanding these stages can lead to a better understanding of pathophysiology, and clarification of prognosis and treatment needs. Opinions from experts in the field of anorexia nervosa (AN) were sought to create a model of stages of illness.MethodThe Delphi approach was used to achieve consensus from a panel of 31 individuals from a range of disciplines with expertise in AN. Over three iterative rounds, participants rated agreement with statements about an overall staging framework and definitions of specific stages.ResultsAgreement was reached about a longitudinal progression including Subsyndromal, Full Syndrome, Persistent Illness, and Partial and Full Remission. The panel achieved consensus in defining Subsyndromal AN as characterized by body image disturbance and mild to moderate restrictive eating. Overall, there was consensus that restrictive eating is central to the behavioral features of all stages of AN, and agreement that its absence is essential to any stage of health. There was little consensus about biological markers, other than body mass index, and no consensus about quality of life indices associated with different stages.DiscussionThis panel discussion yielded an expert‐informed staging model for AN. This model now needs to be tested for its validity. The lack of consensus in several areas highlighted other research questions to address in order to develop an empirically valid and scientifically useful model of the progression of AN.
Considerations for metabarcoding‐based port biological baseline surveys aimed at marine nonindigenous species monitoring and risk assessments
Authors: Rey Anaïs , Basurko Oihane C. , Rodriguez‐Ezpeleta Naiara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Monitoring introduction and spread of nonindigenous species via maritime transport and performing risk assessments require port biological baseline surveys. Yet, the comprehensiveness of these surveys is often compromised by the large number of habitats present in a port, the seasonal variability, and the time‐consuming morphological approach used for taxonomic identification. Metabarcoding represents a promising alternative for rapid comprehensive port biological baseline surveys, but its application in this context requires further assessments.

We applied metabarcoding (based on barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene) to 192 port samples collected (a) from diverse habitats (water column—including environmental DNA and zooplankton, sediment, and fouling structures), (b) at different sites (from inner to outer estuary), and iii) during the four seasons of the year.

By comparing the biodiversity metrics derived from each sample group, we show that each sampling method resulted in a distinct community profile and that environmental DNA alone cannot substitute for organismal sampling, and that, although sampling at different seasons and locations resulted in higher observed biodiversity, operational results can be obtained by sampling selected locations and seasons.

By assessing the taxonomic composition of the samples, we show that metabarcoding data allowed the detection of previously recorded nonindigenous species as well as to reveal presence of new ones, even if in low abundance.

Synthesis and application. Our comprehensive assessment of metabarcoding for port biological baseline surveys sets the basics for cost‐effective, standardized, and comprehensive monitoring of nonindigenous species and for performing risk assessments in ports. This development will contribute to the implementation of the recently entered into force International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments.
Alternative designs and tropical tree seedling growth performance landscapes
Authors: Worthy Samantha J. , Laughlin Daniel C. , Zambrano Jenny , Umaña María N. , Zhang Caicai , Lin Luxiang , Cao Min , Swenson Nathan G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe functional trait values that constitute a whole‐plant phenotype interact with the environment to determine demographic rates. Current approaches often fail to explicitly consider trait × trait and trait × environment interactions, which may lead to missed information that is valuable for understanding and predicting the drivers of demographic rates and functional diversity. Here, we consider these interactions by modeling growth performance landscapes that span multidimensional trait spaces along environmental gradients. We utilize individual‐level leaf, stem, and root trait data combined with growth data from tree seedlings along soil nutrient and light gradients in a hyper‐diverse tropical rainforest. We find that multiple trait combinations in phenotypic space (i.e., alternative designs) lead to multiple growth performance peaks that shift along light and soil axes such that no single or set of interacting traits consistently results in peak growth performance. Evidence from these growth performance peaks also generally indicates frequent independence of above‐ and belowground resource acquisition strategies. These results help explain how functional diversity is maintained in ecological communities and question the practice of utilizing a single trait or environmental variable, in isolation, to predict the growth performance of individual trees.
Mechanism of sequence‐based separation of single‐stranded DNA in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Zhao Jia , Cramer Steven M. , McGown Linda B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeparation of DNA by length using CGE is a mature field. Separation of DNA by sequence, in contrast, is a more difficult problem. Existing techniques generally rely upon changes in intrinsic or induced differences in conformation. Previous work in our group showed that sets of ssDNA of the same length differing in sequence by as little as a single base could be separated by CZE using simple buffers at high ionic strength. Here, we explore the basis of the separation using circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, and small angle X‐ray scattering. The results reveal sequence‐dependent differences among the same length strands, but the trends in the differences are not correlated to the migration order of the strands in the CZE separation. They also indicate that the separation is based on intrinsic differences among the strands that do not change with increasing ionic strength; rather, increasing ionic strength has a greater effect on electroosmotic mobility in the normal direction than on electrophoretic mobility of the strands in the reverse direction. This increases the migration time of the strands in the normal direction, allowing more time for the same‐length strands to be teased apart based on very small differences in the intrinsic properties of the strands of different sequence. Regression analysis was used to model the intrinsic differences among DNA strands in order to gain insight into the relationship between mobility and sequence that underlies the separation.
Seabed erosion and deposition related to the typhoon activity of the past millennium on the southeast coast of China
Authors: Xiong Haixian , Zong Yongqiang , Huang Guangqing , Fu Shuqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCatastrophic events often interrupt long‐term Earth surface processes. In coastal areas, although millennial‐scale trends of climatic and sea‐level changes determine the trajectory of sedimentary landform evolution, storm and/or tsunami activity can cause abrupt changes in depositional conditions that may alter the long‐term sedimentary processes. Here, we report a sedimentary hiatus that is widely observed from the late Holocene sedimentary sequence at the seabed along the southeast China coast. This hiatus was discovered by close temporal sedimentary and radiocarbon dating analyses of a seabed sedimentary sequence in the mouth area of the Pearl River estuary. The results suggest that a couple of metres in the middle to late Holocene sediment at the seabed were eroded by a catastrophic event happening c. 1000–800 cal. Years BP. In theory, a mega‐tsunami generated from the Manila Trench could have caused such erosion at the seabed, but there is a lack of direct geological and historical evidence to support such a hypothesis. Much more likely, a super‐typhoon struck the coast and caused the erosion. This hypothesis is strongly supported by the region's historical and geological records, which suggest a period characteristic of intense typhoons ranging from the Medieval Warm Period to the climate transition phase (c. 1000–600 cal. Years BP). During the subsequent Little Ice Age, deposition of sandy sediment continued, suggesting frequent but weaker typhoon activity. Over the past two centuries the deposition of sandy sediment and gravels began, implying the beginning of a phase of intensifying typhoon conditions, possibly a result of the recent warming climate. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traffic data reconstruction based on compressive sensing with neighbor regularization
Authors: Qin Zhenquan , Xia Xu , Lu Bingxian , Qian Chen , Wang Lei , Lin Chuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe production and collection of the mass traffic data in the vehicle network will result in wasted bandwidth and data transmission delay. The mobile edge computing (MEC) technology is able to reduce the transmission cost and provide fast interactive response. However, the amount of data between roadside units (RSUs) and MEC servers has not decreased. Compressive sensing (CS) technology can reduce the sampling frequency and reconstruct the signal with even fewer samples than the sampling theorem requires. Therefore, in this article, we use CS technology to reduce the data in the “last mile” of traffic edge computing network. We propose two traffic data reconstruction models, which use different neighbor regularization methods in the objective function of CS reconstruction model. Different from the previous studies, we leverage the low‐rank nature and the neighbor relationship between detectors to improve the reconstruction accuracy of different missing scenes. To validate the improved reconstruction models, we have carried out extensive experiments based on the actual traffic flow data of the freeway system under different loss rates and loss patterns. The missing data are caused by reduced sampling frequency and accidental transmission loss so that it is closer to the real fact. The experimental results show that even if the traffic data from the RSUs to MEC servers are decreased by 50%, the complete data can be reconstructed accurately.
Long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed alleviates sepsis‐induced liver injury via regulating miR‐126‐5p
Authors: Li Yang , Song Jianfeng , Xie Zichen , Liu Mei , Sun Keyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we intended to determine the detailed function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) in liver injury induced by sepsis. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) models were adopted to induce sepsis in vivo with rats, and hepatic epithelial cells L02 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis in vitro. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in the serum of rats. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to measure the expressions of CRNDE and microRNA‐126‐5p (miR‐126‐5p). Flow cytometry analysis and Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) method were carried out followed by the up‐ or downregulation of CRNDE and miR‐126‐5p to monitor the proliferation and apoptosis of L02 cells, respectively. Western blot was then applied to determine the expressions of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase (PARP), cytochrome c, and BCL2‐like 2 (BCL2L2). The interactions between CRNDE with miR‐126‐5p and miR‐126‐5p with BCL2L2 were determined through bioinformatics, qRT‐PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. CRNDE was significantly decreased in liver tissues and hepatic cells in sepsis models. Upregulation of CRNDE promoted the viability of L02 cells and inhibited their apoptosis, while downregulation of CRNDE had opposite effects. The expression of CRNDE in liver tissues of septic rats was correlated with the expression miR‐126‐5p. It was also demonstrated that the transfection of miR‐126‐5p mimics reversed the inhibitory effect induced by CRNDE on apoptosis of L02 cells. CRNDE could specifically bind to miR‐126‐5p and reduce its expression, in turn promote the expression of BCL2L2. Additionally, CRNDE overexpression in rats ameliorated liver injury induced by sepsis. Downregulated CRNDE aggravates hepatic injury via regulating miR‐126‐5p and BCL2L2 during sepsis.
The timing of propofol administration affects the effectiveness of remote ischemic preconditioning induced cardioprotection in rats
Authors: Chen Ke , Yu Junma , Wang Qiuyue , Wu Lining , Liu Xuesheng , Wong Gordon Tin Chun , Lu Yao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cardioprotection of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is abolished under propofol maintained anesthesia. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is present in the heart, and its activation could induce cardioprotection. Therefore, we tested whether the anesthetic propofol administration phase interfered with the RIPC‐induced cardioprotection, and RIPC‐induced cardioprotection via the cardiac TRPV1 channel. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to myocardial 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. RIPC consisted of three cycles of 5‐minute ischemia/reperfusion applied to a hindlimb. Propofol infusion at 12 mg/kg/h was commenced either at 10 minutes before the start of RIPC in the P‐pre + RIPC group, or immediately after myocardial ischemia at the onset of reperfusion (P‐post + RIPC) while performing RIPC. These two propofol infusion regimes were applied to another two grou bs without RIPC (P‐pre and P‐post groups). Infarct size (IS) was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Heart TRPV1 expression was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RIPC significantly reduced myocardial IS compared with the control group (36.7 ± 3% versus 57.2 ± 4%; P < .01). When propofol was started before RIPC, the IS sparing effect of RIPC was completely abolished. However, propofol infusion starting immediately after myocardial ischemia did not affect RIPC‐induced cardioprotection. TRPV1 expression significant increase after RIPC, then propofol inhibited the TRPV1 activation of RIPC if given before RIPC but not after. Our results suggest that the timing of propofol administration is critical to preserve the cardioprotection of RIPC. Propofol might cancel RIPC‐induced cardioprotection via the cardiac TRPV1 receptor.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis expression in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Weilun , Zhou Xiao , Liao Qianjin , Tang Yanyan , Zuo Liang , Wang Honghan , Chen Xing , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Junjun , Zhu Songlin , Deng Jun , Liu Yan , Zhu Kunjie , Yu Jianjun , Xiong Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is more aggressive than other head and neck tumors, and the prognosis for patients with advanced TSCC is poor. At present, comprehensive treatment based on surgery as the main method is not effective for patients with advanced TSCC. The application of PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunocheckpoint inhibitor alone in patients with TSCC has not been reported. To explore the role of PD‐1/PD‐L1, we investigated the expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in TSCC and analyzed the relationship between the expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 and the related clinicopathological parameters and survival prognosis. The expression of PD‐1 was significantly associated with palindromia (p = .015) and maximum diameter (p = .043). The expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells was significantly associated with N stage (P = .024), chemotherapy (p = .032), and clinical stage (p = .019). The expression of PD‐L1 in infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly associated with palindromia (p = .030). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses for prognoses of patients showed significant prognostic factors of overall survival and relapse‐free survival. The high expression of PD‐L1 on infiltrating lymphocytes for OS and RFS was an independent protective factor for patients with TSCC. The high expression of PD‐1 on infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical stage for OS and RFS were independent risk factors for patients with TSCC. The data provide a reference for clinical treatment of TSCC with immunotherapy.
Novel determination of effective freeze–thaw cycles as drivers of ecosystem change
Authors: Boswell Edward P. , Thompson Anita M. , Balster Nick J. , Bajcz Alex W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) profoundly influence biophysical conditions and modify biogeochemical processes across many northern‐hemisphere and alpine ecosystems. How FTCs will contribute to global processes in seasonally snow‐covered ecosystems in the future is of particular importance as climate change progresses and winter snowpacks decline. Our understanding of these contributions is limited because there has been little consideration of inter‐ and intrayear variability in the characteristics of FTCs, in part due to a limited appreciation for which of these characteristics matters most with respect to a given biogeochemical process. Here, we introduce the concept of effective FTCs: those that are most likely linked to changes in key soil processes. We also propose a set of parameters to quantify and characterize effective FTCs using standard field soil temperature data. To put these proposed parameters into effective practice, we present FTCQuant, an R package of functions that quantifies FTCs based on a set of user‐defined parameter criteria and, importantly, summarizes the individual characteristics of each FTC counted. To demonstrate the utility of these new concepts and tools, we applied the FTCQuant package to re‐analyze data from two published studies to help explain over‐winter changes to N2O emissions and wet‐aggregate stability. We found that effective FTCs would be defined differently for each of these response variables and that effective FTCs provided a 76 and 33% increase in model fit for wet‐aggregate stability and cumulative N2O emission, respectively, relative to conventional FTC quantification methods focusing on fluctuations around 0 °C. These results demonstrate the importance of identifying effective FTCs when scaling soil processes to regional or global levels. We hope our contributions will inform future deductions, hypothesis generation, and experimentation with respect to expected changes in freeze–thaw cycling globally.