bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atividade física no lazer
Authors: Bertuol Cecília , Silva Kelly Samara da , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Del Duca Giovâni Firpo , Lopes Adair Da Silva , Nahas Markus Vinicius 
Published: July 2020

Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e psicossociais associados à prática de atividade física no tempo de lazer (AFTL), e testar a interação entre o gosto e a preferência por atividade física (AF) sobre a prática de AFTL, de acordo com o sexo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal (projeto CompAC 2011) e representativo dos estudantes (15 a 19 anos de idade) do ensino médio das escolas estaduais de Santa Catarina, Brasil (n= 6.529). A variável desfecho foi a realização de alguma AFTL, definida por autorrelato (sim/não). As variáveis de exposição foram fatores sociodemográficos (idade, área de residência, arranjo familiar, turno de estudo, situação ocupacional, renda familiar e escolaridade materna) e psicossociais (gosto e preferência pela prática de AF). Regressão logística binária e o teste de interação de fatores foram realizados. A AFTL esteve associada com o turno de estudo (ORnoturno= 0,59) e a escolaridade materna nos rapazes (ORensino médio= 1,64; ORensino superior= 1,55) e, nas moças, com a idade (OR17 anos= 0,70; OR18 anos= 0,42), o turno de estudo (ORnoturno= 0,57) e a renda familiar (OR≥ 6 salários mínimos= 1,42). O gosto e a preferência também influenciam positivamente a realização da AF em ambos os sexos (rapazes: ORgosta= 4,46; ORprefere= 5,70 e moças: ORgosta= 4,04; ORprefere= 3,10). Por fim, observou-se um efeito sinergista entre os fatores psicossociais, indicando que aumentar essas percepções pode promover maior engajamento em AFTL nessa população. Pode-se concluir que alguns fatores sociodemográficos parecem ter maior relação com a prática de AFTL que outros, e que o gosto e a preferência por AF apresentam associação e interação positiva com a AFTL.
Comparação antropométrica e somatotípica de jovens tenistas a partir da lateralidade
Authors: Krüger Geovane , Lemos Elisa Cristina , Ferreira Lucas Garcia , Lucas Ricardo Dantas de 
Published: July 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar e comparar o perfil antropométrico e somatotípico de jovens tenistas classificados em dois grupos maturacionais. Também foi objetivo comparar as variáveis antropométricas entre os lados dominante e não-dominante, e comparar o perfil somatotípico calculado a partir de medidas obtidas nos lados dominante e não-dominante. A amostra foi composta por 23 jogadores de tênis do sexo masculino com idades entre 11-17 anos. Os participantes foram classificados em dois grupos a partir do cálculo da distância do pico de velocidade de crescimento em estatura (PVE). Os jogadores que apresentaram valor do PVE inferior a 0 foram incluídos ao grupo denominado PRÉPVE (n=9), enquanto os sujeitos com valor maior ou igual à 0 foram classificados como PÓSPVE (n=14). As variáveis antropométricas e os componentes do somatotipo foram calculadas a partir de medidas obtidas em ambos os lados do corpo. Foram observadas assimetrias (diferença significante entre os lados) de diâmetro ósseo de punho e dobra cutânea tricipital no grupo PÓSPVE, assimetrias de diâmetro ósseo de úmero e perímetro de braço contraído em ambos os grupos. O somatotipo médio calculado para o lado dominante do grupo PRÉPVE foi 2,9 – 4,5 – 3,7 e para o lado não-dominante 3,0 – 4,3 – 3,7, ambos classificados como ectomesomorfo. O grupo PÓSPVE para o lado dominante foi classificado como ectomesomorfo (2,8 – 4,4 – 3,5), e o lado não-dominante como mesomorfo-ectomorfo (2,9 – 4,0 – 3,5). Em esportes com predominância unilateral deve-se ter cautela no cálculo do somatotipo a partir dolado direito, como é proposto originalmente, podendo levar a uma interpretação equivocada do perfil somatotípico do atleta, especialmente para aqueles com maturação somática avançada.
Motivação e tempo de reação de universitários praticantes e não praticantes de exercícios físicos
Authors: Crocetta Tânia Brusque , Liz Carla Maria de , Souza Jorge Oscar Calomena de , Viana Maick Da Silveira , Andrade Alexandro 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as relações entre as motivações intrínsecas e extrínsecas para a prática auto relatada de exercício físico (EF) de estudantes universitários e seu desempenho no tempo de reação total com estímulo simples visual. Participaram do estudo 212 universitários matriculados em uma instituição de ensino superior de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, sendo 98 (46,2%) do sexo masculino e 114 (53,8%) feminino, na faixa etária entre 18 e 45 anos, sendo 147 praticantes de EF e 65 não praticantes. A motivação para prática de EF foi avaliada através do Questionário de Regulação de Comportamento no Exercício Físico-2 (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2) BREQ-2, medindo cinco construtos baseados na Teoria da Autodeterminação. Para medir o tempo de reação total (TRT) foi utilizado o Software TRT_S2012. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste “U” de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman). Os universitários praticantes de EF apresentaram melhor TRT, menor amotivação e regulação externa, maior regulação identificada, motivação intrínseca e índice de autodeterminação quando comparados aos não praticantes de EF. O TRT esteve relacionado positivamente à regulação externa e negativamente ao índice de autodeterminação, indicando que quanto maior a regulação externa para a prática de EF, maior também é o TRT. Universitários mais autodeterminadospara a prática de exercícios físicos foram os que praticam exercício físico e apresentam melhor tempo de reação do que os universitários que não praticam.
Prospective Evaluation of Clinico-Pathological Predictors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Corradi Domenico , Saffitz Jeffrey E. , Novelli Deborah , Asimaki Angeliki , Simon Caterina , Oldoni Emanuela , Masson Serge , Meessen Jennifer M.T.A. , Monaco Rodolfo , Manuguerra Roberta , Latini Roberto , Libby Peter , Tavazzi Luigi , Marchioli Roberto , Dozza Luca , Cavallotti Laura , Aleksova Aneta , Gregorini Renato , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs in 30% to 50% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prospective identification of structural/molecular changes in atrial myocardium that correlate with myocardial injury and precede and predict risk of POAF may identify new molecular pathways and targets for prevention of this common morbid complication.

Methods:
Right atrial appendage samples were prospectively collected during cardiac surgery from 239 patients enrolled in the OPERA trial (Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation), fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin for histology. We assessed general tissue morphology, cardiomyocyte diameters, myocytolysis (perinuclear myofibril loss), accumulation of perinuclear glycogen, interstitial fibrosis, and myocardial gap junction distribution. We also assayed NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hs-cTnT, CRP (C-reactive protein), and circulating oxidative stress biomarkers (F2-isoprostanes, F3-isoprostanes, isofurans) in plasma collected before, during, and 48 hours after surgery. POAF was defined as occurrence of postcardiac surgery atrial fibrillation or flutter of at least 30 seconds duration confirmed by rhythm strip or 12-lead ECG. The follow-up period for all arrhythmias was from surgery until hospital discharge or postoperative day 10.

Results:
Thirty-five percent of patients experienced POAF. Compared with the non-POAF group, they were slightly older and more likely to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure. They also had a higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation and more often underwent valve surgery. No differences in left atrial size were observed between patients with POAF and patients without POAF. The extent of atrial interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte myocytolysis, cardiomyocyte diameter, glycogen score or Cx43 distribution at the time of surgery was not significantly associated with incidence of POAF. None of these histopathologic abnormalities were correlated with levels of NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, CRP, or oxidative stress biomarkers.

Conclusions:
In sinus rhythm patients undergoing cardiac surgery, histopathologic changes in the right atrial appendage do not predict POAF. They also do not correlate with biomarkers of cardiac function, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Cardiac Arrest Risk During Acute Infections
Authors: Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Acampa Maurizio , Laghi-Pasini Franco , Bertolozzi Iacopo , Finizola Francesco , Vanni Francesca , Natale Mariarita , Bisogno Stefania , Cevenini Gabriele , Cartocci Alessandra , Giabbani Beatrice , Migliacci Nicola , D’Errico Antonio , Dokollari Alexander , Maccherini Massimo , Boutjdir Mohamed , Capecchi Pier Leopoldo 
Published: July 2020

Background:

During acute infections, the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias is increased, partly because of a higher propensity to develop QTc prolongation. Although it is generally believed that QTc changes almost exclusively result from concomitant treatment with QT-prolonging antimicrobials, direct effects of inflammatory cytokines on ventricular repolarization are increasingly recognized. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation per se can significantly prolong QTc during acute infections, via cytokine-mediated changes in K
+
channel expression.

Methods:

We evaluated (1) the frequency of QTc prolongation and its association with inflammatory markers, in patients with different types of acute infections, during active disease and remission; (2) the prevalence of acute infections in a cohort of consecutive patients with Torsades de Pointes; (3) the relationship between K
+
channel mRNA levels in ventricles and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their changes in patients with acute infection over time.

Results:

In patients with acute infections, regardless of concomitant QT-prolonging antimicrobial treatments, QTc was significantly prolonged but rapidly normalized in parallel to CRP (C-reactive protein) and cytokine level reduction. Consistently in the Torsades de Pointes cohort, concomitant acute infections were highly prevalent (30%), despite only a minority (25%) of these cases were treated with QT-prolonging antimicrobials. KCNJ2 K
+
channel expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell, which strongly correlated to that in ventricles, inversely associated to CRP and IL (interleukin)-1 changes in acute infection patients.

Conclusions:
During acute infections, systemic inflammation rapidly induces cytokine-mediated ventricular electrical remodeling and significant QTc prolongation, regardless concomitant antimicrobial therapy. Although transient, these changes may significantly increase the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia in these patients. It is timely and warranted to transpose these findings to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in which both increased amounts of circulating cytokines and cardiac arrhythmias are demonstrated along with a frequent concomitant treatment with several QT-prolonging drugs.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Primary Multivessel Occlusions Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Meyer Lukas , Styczen Hanna , Lobsien Donald , Seker Fatih , Piechowiak Eike , Tan Benjamin Y.Q. , Fischer Sebastian , Clajus Christin , Yeo Leonard , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Kastrup Andreas , Maegerlein Christian , Wunderlich Silke , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Radbruch Alexander , Gralla Jan , Fiehler Jens , Maus Volker 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Acute ischemic stroke caused by primary multivessel occlusions (pMVO) is a rare but devastating disease. Whether multi-target mechanical thrombectomy for pMVO is beneficial remains unknown.

Methods:
Multicenter retrospective review of patients treated with multi-target mechanical thrombectomy. The following pMVO sites were included: basilar artery, internal carotid artery, and middle cerebral artery (M1 and M2). Baseline characteristics were reported together with interventional technique, technical efficacy, and safety parameters. Clinical outcomes were evaluated applying the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale. A systematic literature review was performed to summarize previous reports on pMVO mechanical thrombectomy.

Results:

Of 6081 patients screened, 21 patients met the inclusion criteria (0.35% [95% CI, 0.23%–0.53%]). In 70% (14/20) a cardioembolic cause was reported. A successful reperfusion of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale score ≥2b was achieved in 95.2% (20/21) for the first and 76.1% (16/21) for the second target vessel. In those who survived the acute hospital stay (n=10/21), median admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improved from 21 (interquartile range, 13–27) to 8 (interquartile range, 2–20) at discharge (
P
=0.006). Mortality was 60% (12/20) at 90 days and only 20% (4/20) of patients reached modified Rankin Scale score ≤2. Acceptable outcomes were almost exclusively observed in pMVO patients presenting with at least one M2 occlusion.

Conclusions:
Multi-target mechanical thrombectomy for pMVOs is rarely performed; however, the procedure appears to be feasible and safe with high reperfusion rates for both occlusion sites. More than half of all treated patients deceased early and favorable outcomes may only be expected for pMVO patients including at least one M2 occlusion.
Adapting to People With Schizophrenia: A Phenomenological Study on a Rural Society in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Retno , Yusuf Ah , Hargono Rachmat , Setyawan Febri Endra Budi , Hidayah Ridhoyanti , Ahsan Ahsan 
Published: July 2020

Background: The growing prevalence of schizophrenia in Indonesia requires the consideration of the families, caregivers, health care professionals, and the entire society, to serve as a support and coping resource for the patients. The process of recovery is rather difficult, especially in the absence of a decent place to live. Hence, there is the need to provide a supportive environment that facilitates recuperation from psychotic symptoms, enhances interaction with others, promotes self-expression of thoughts and feelings, and helps deal with daily stress and challenges. There are currently no studies on the framework of societal adaptation for people with schizophrenia (PWS). The aim of this research, therefore, was to explore the experiences of rural society inhabitants in adapting to PWS in Indonesia. Methods: The study uses a qualitative research design and implements an interpretive phenomenological approach. A total of ten society members were recruited from the community by purposive sampling, and the in-depth interviews conducted were audio-recorded and transcribed. In addition, thematic analysis was carried out using the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. Results: The majority of the participants assumed that PWS prompt the feeling of alertness over fear. In addition, the participants revealed a feeling of indecisiveness in related situations and emphasized the value of keeping up traditional beliefs and practices and the effectiveness of a demonstration of indifference. They explained the need to combine traditional and modern health practices as recommended by the spiritual leaders. Conclusion: Societal adaptation to PWS entails the understanding of how to deal with the disease’s uncertainty and complexity. It is important to create a supportive environment to promote mental health and wellbeing.
The war against vague threats: The redefinitions of imminent threat and anticipatory use of force
Authors: Badalič Vasja 
Published: July 2020

This article explores how the United States (US) has redefined the concept of ‘imminent threat’ in order to relax the rules for anticipatory use of armed force against insurgents. The article focuses on how two new definitions of imminent threat have changed the conduct of specific combat activities, namely, drone strikes and ground combat operations. The central part of the article is divided into four sections. The first section examines the redefinition of imminent threat in the context of drone warfare, while the second section provides an analysis of the redefinition of imminent threat in ground combat operations. Both sections show how the new definitions of imminent threat abandoned two key elements of the classic definition, that is, the immediacy and certainty of the threat. The third and fourth sections of the article explore how the new definitions of imminent threat prevented the application of two key principles governing the use of armed force: the principles of necessity and proportionality. Both sections show how successive US administrations enabled the US military to conduct operations without observing these two key principles regulating the use of force.
Patient flow from emergency department to inpatient psychiatric unit – a narrative review
Authors: Purushothaman Subramanian 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To review the literature on common issues impacting psychiatric patient flow in emergency departments (EDs) and to explore evidence-based solutions proposed to improve patient flow. Methods: The review was divided into three parts and a broad array of keywords were chosen to achieve greater depth in the review. Administrative data and organisational publications were included along with peer-reviewed articles in various databases. Results: Psychiatric patients have increased ED length of stay (EDLOS) and the proportion of psychiatric presentations in ED has increased significantly.1 Several factors contributed to increased EDLOS. Introduction of psychiatric short stay units,2 improving patient flow3 and appropriate increase in beds were identified as some of the possible solutions to improve patient flow. Conclusion: Psychiatric patient flow in ED is a complex issue and needs a coordinated approach to improve access. Future studies should focus on understanding the effectiveness of some of the proposed strategies.
Ibalizumab: The First Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Chahine Elias B. , Durham Spencer H. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of ibalizumab (IBA) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (2010 to mid-June 2020) with the search terms TMB-355, TNX-355, and ibalizumab. Other resources included abstracts presented at recent conferences and the manufacturer’s website and prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant English-language articles of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of IBA were included. Data Synthesis: IBA is a monoclonal antibody that blocks HIV-1 from infecting CD4+ T cells. IBA is approved by the Food and Drug Administration, in combination with other antiretrovirals (ARVs), for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection failing their current ARVs. IBA demonstrated significant and sustained antiviral activity in patients with MDR HIV-1 infection who had advanced disease and limited treatment options. It carries a warning regarding the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, and rash. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: IBA represents an attractive option for treatment-experienced adults with advanced HIV-1 infection who are no longer able to achieve viral suppression on oral ARV therapy alone and who are able to adhere to an infusion therapy every 2 weeks. As with other biologics, there is a potential for the development of antibodies to IBA that can compromise its efficacy and safety. Conclusion: IBA provides a needed treatment option to achieve and maintain viral suppression in heavily treatment-experienced adults with MDR HIV-1 infection.
Effectiveness of empathy enhancement programs for social workers working with older adults: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Han Areum , Kim Tae Hui 
Published: July 2020

Summary Empathy is an essential attribute required for care providers to provide quality care and effective relationship-based practice. Cognitive empathy is understanding another person’s experiences, concerns, and perspectives, and affective empathy is sharing another person’s emotion. Cognitive empathy was found to be a significant protector to burnout and stress, while affective empathy was found to be a significant contributor to compassion satisfaction among social workers. This quasi-experimental study assessed the effectiveness of two empathy enhancement programs on 105 social workers working with older adults in South Korea. The experimental group (n = 52) received a simulation-based empathy enhancement program along with a brief mindfulness practice session, and the comparison group (n = 53) watched a 30-minute-long educational video about empathy. Data were collected prior to and two weeks after the intervention. Findings The experimental group showed significantly lower levels of psychosocial stress compared to the comparison group. It also showed significantly higher levels of cognitive empathy and significantly lower levels of compassion fatigue at posttest. Furthermore, the comparison group demonstrated significantly higher levels of a unidimensional factor of empathy, compassion satisfaction, and caring efficacy at posttest. Application Pre- and post-test differences, in different outcome measures from the groups, indicate the benefits of each empathy enhancement program on social workers working with older adults. In particular, the present study validates that the simulation-based empathy enhancement program can enhance the cognitive empathy of social workers and reduce burnout and stress. A further randomized controlled trial study is needed to examine the program’s effectiveness with minimal bias and confounding factors.