bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMS based Heavy Metal: Mercury and Cadmium Ion Detection in Laminar flow of water
Authors: Poola Rahul Gowtham , Juliet A.Vimala , Akshya S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Innumerable Nations are enduring biohazard complications because of potable Water contamination. Water contamination is due to the presence of heavy metals like Nickel, Lead, Mercury, copper, iron, manganese, Cadmium, and Zinc in ppb (parts per billion) level. The most effective MEMS-based cantilever design capable of detecting Mercury and Cadmium ionic pressures with better geometry is highly demanded. Heavy metal ion detection in the vapor phase at a particular temperature is highly recommended. The project primly proposes a comparative study of divergent MEMS-based micro-cantilever beam structures with an active layer coating for heavy-metal Mercury and Cadmium ion detection and the structures were appraised based on the mechanical displacement under the pressure influence of target ions. The project proposes a concernment study of the laminar flow of water (liquid) through divergent structural designs. The laminar flow characteristics of water are engaged to find the maximal and minimal velocity and pressure positions. On altering the Inlet flow rates; the outlet flow rate, maximal and minimal velocity and pressure positions vary. Laminar structures were appraised based on the variation of outlet flow rate and pressure with respect to inlet flow velocity. The MEMS-based micro-cantilever structure with superior mechanical displacement is lodged at a maximal pressure locus of laminar flow structures. The pressure quantification at the locus of the micro-cantilever structure is calibrated for Heavy metal: Mercury and Cadmium ions pressure concentration. The finite element analysis of heavy metal Mercury and Cadmium Ion detection is executed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4
Performance Evaluation of Bifacial and Monofacial modules in vertical and latitude mounting at South India using PVsyst
Authors: Varun M , Manikandan S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Producing power in Solar PV panel is simple as all the required data on the performance of various types of panel are available in the field scientific research. As we advance into the future newer and newer technologies are created and evolved according to the needs of the generation. Similarly, in the field of Solar Photovoltaics we have evolved the face of power production from one side to double side. Bi-facial panels are the latest trends which not only produces power on the side facing the sun but also the side facing away. Experimenting on the Bi-Facial Panels to determine the performance, the orientation and placement for the highest LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) by obtaining the power and radiation data. In this project we have developed various experimental approach to acquire the data required for a Bi-Facial panel setup. The results derived have proved that the new vertical mounting’s performance is slightly below the latitude mounted Bifacial Pv panel for the equator regions. Even though the daily comparisons led to a reduction in power level the continuous running of the system proved otherwise.
Analysis of flow characteristics for different shapes of cylinder at lower subcritical regime
Authors: Soundararaju Ponsankar , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present work attempted to analyze the flow structures behind a circular cylinder of different shapes at the subcritical flow regime using unsteady Reynolds averaged equation. Shape ratio variation, circular to an elliptical shape, has been obtained by changing its major to minor axis ratio at Reynolds numbers 200 and 4000. Various flow parameters like drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number along with pressure and velocity flow field are analyzed. The primary bulk quantities indicate that the flow characteristics are highly dependable for circular cylinders’ shape ratio (SR). The frequency obtained from the vorticity magnitude resembles the natural frequency observed by force coefficients. The formation length increases with increase in Reynolds number, as obtained through the frequency spectrum analysis in the wake region, is highly depends on the shape of the bluff body.
Analysis on impact of energy efficient techniques to enhance the building performance
Authors: Sharma Prerna , Prasathkumar V.R. , Senthil Kumar R. , Krishnaraj L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A substantial share of energy goes into building air-conditioning under harsh climatic conditions. The climate control load could be decreased by several means; the proper structure and choice of the building envelope and its components are noteworthy among them. Due to the growing global warming and energy crisis, energy analysis is becoming a major factor to be considered in the industry these days. During the design process, power forecasting is on the rise use and alternative energy is considered as conservation measures and considerations for creating a more energy-efficient building. To minimize the annual energy use and annual cost, the study of the commercial school building has been done by employing various alternatives in the conventional school building model. The different parameters taken for the study are (heating load, cooling load, orientation and lighting control). Analysed the alternative scenarios, and the findings were collected. Each case comparison is based on energy use and the annual cost. The result shows that from the combined use with Autodesk Revit and a Green Building Studio, the integrated energy analysis and design alternatives can provide more building with energy-efficient. The accuracy of the data can greatly affect the results obtained.
Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with linseed oil and Ethyl-Tert-Butyl-Ether (ETBE) as additive
Authors: Shukla Harshit , Sharma Aditya , Sathish Kumar A. , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increment in vitality exaction, serious outflow gauges, and consumption of the oil resources prompted chase for elective powers for traditional CI Engines. The examination prompts the exhibition and outflow attributes of CI engine fuelled with linseed oil and diesel is blended inside the mixing proportion B20, B40, B60, B80 with 5% ETBE. The Examination was controlled inside the four stroke single chamber diesel by changing the heap from 20% to 80%. The outcomes delineate that expansion of linseed oil increases the Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with decrease in Brake Specific Fuel consumption (BSFC) and Temperature of Fumes Gas. Higher concentration of linseed oil within the blends also reduces the emission parameter but with an increment in the Hydro Carbon discharge. The expansion of ETBE in mix with diesel fuel has comparative impact thereto of expansion of unadulterated linseed oil in shifting extents, that increases the brake thermal efficiency with decrease in specific fuel utilization and fumes gas temperature, the impact on the emission characteristics by expansion of lamp oil brings about a lower CO, CO2, NOx and Smoke with an increase inside the HC discharge. The powerful blending of linseed oil and diesel yield agreeable outcome on the ignition qualities at lower load which shows signs of improvement on increasing the heap.
Economic evaluation of grid connected and standalone photovoltaic systems using PVSyst
Authors: Akshai K N B , Senthil Ramalingam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the consumption of household electricity has been increased with the cost per unit of energy. Due to this, the consumers are pushed in seeking an alternate source of energy such as renewable energy. Thus, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems being small and economically viable modules are coming into action. Even though designing a PV system is has been proven to be a tedious work, not due to the complexity but due to various options that are laid down. Basically, PV systems are divided to standalone, hybrid and grid-connected systems. Solar PV panels are considered as the only source in generating the electricity. Using the simulation software PVSyst, the economic viability of a typical household backup system connected to grid and as a standalone system are analysed. The reliability, performance and financial values of both the systems are compared and presented here.
Performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with turpentine oil-diesel blend with diethyl ether as additives
Authors: Nanditta R V , Deenadayalan S R , Manikandaraja G , Udayakumar P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ingestion of fossil fuels such as diesel has augmented immeasurably with transformation and increase in the use of automobiles [1]. Biodiesel derived from renewable resources such as non-edible vegetable oil is used as a substitute for the conventional diesel fuel. Amplified demand for energy, abridged emission standards and diminution of resources which cannot be renewed claimed in discovering of alternative and non-conventional fuels for IC engines [2]. In the subsequent paper, the performance, radiation and characteristics of emission in CI engines powered with turpentine oil. The DEE inclusion has tolerable chattels on the performance characteristics of the fuel, augmented brake thermal efficiency is conquered by the intensification in the extent of DEE and thus consuming the divergent effect on the specific fuel ingesting. The experiment was supported in a 4-stroke, diesel engine of single cylinder by fluctuating the load. Adding Turpentine Oil in diesel raises the aggregate of density, viscosity and level of oxygen content present in it, but diminishes its calorific value [2]. Liberation arches depict the same physiognomies as tallying of Turpentine oil which reduces the amount of CO, CO2, NOx and O2 upsurge to quantity of these HC.
Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of CI engine fuelled with neem oil blended turpentine fuel
Authors: Saijaideep Chittiboyina , Hemanth Koribilli , Anirudh M , Sai Charan K V V , Lalithesh S , Vinay Kumar Reddy S , Udayakumar P , Manikandaraja G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Developing countries like India spending huge money in the energy sector and reliable on the other countries which act as the barrier for its own improvement. The developing countries has the constraint in either economic and environment impact because of the higher pollutant released the energy sector like Automobiles. This paper deals with fuel of neem oil and turpentine oil blend in the Proportional of N30T70 (30% of Neem oil and 70% of Turpentine oil) N50T50 ( 50% of Neem oil and 50% of Turpentine oil) and N70T30 ( 70% of Neem oil and 30% of Turpentine oil). Experiment was conducted in four stroke diesel engine by varying load from 0% to 100%. The results shows that increasing the turpentine oil in the blend reduces the viscosity, density and increase the Calorific value blended fuel supports for better combustion. Increase the turpentine oil in blended fuel increase the efficiency, decrease CO and increase the Nox emissions.
Effect on solidification of deionized water based PCM in a spherical encapsulation-An experimental study
Authors: Sundaram P , Kalaisselvane A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An aim of project work is to investigate the effect on solidification of phase change material (PCM) in a spherical capsule for cool thermal storage applications. The PCM used as Deionized (DI) water and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) spherical capsule is used as an encapsulation material. It is filled with three different concentration of PCM with NaCl of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt., % of total volume of encapsulation. An experiments are conducted by immersing the spherical capsules in the constant temperature bath which is maintained at -7°C temperature for all samples. The solidification time is observed in each capsule at various radial locations which correspond to 50%, 75%, and 100% of the mass solidified. The results obtained reveal that the PCM of NaCl has a great influence in reducing the solidification duration. Further, the capsule with 0.5wt.%, shows better results till the solidification of 75% mass than all the other capsules and slows down thereafter. Hence it is concluded that the consideration of DI water with 0.5wt.%, mass of NaCl in the spherical capsule for the design of the energy storage would increase energy efficiency of the system and reduce the energy consumption the chiller.
Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of CRDI engine fuelled with kapok ester oil blended with diesel
Authors: Rawat Mehul , Deo Aayush Virat , Gokul Krishna P , Udayakumar P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As world oil reserves is going down rapidly and the world energy demand is going up, along with the increasing Greenhouse emission, we need to support the initiative by minimizing the emission and maximising the efficiency. We need to grow awareness among people of the importance of Biofuels which will be one of the energy source in the near future. This paper deals with fuel of kapok-Ester oil and Diesel oil blend in the Proportional of (10% of kapok-ester oil and 90% of diesel oil) and B20 (20% of Kapok-ester oil and 80% of Diesel oil).The properties of the blended fuel were measured according to the ASTM standards. The Experiment setup includes of single cylinder four stroke CRDI diesel engine with varying load at constant speed. The experiment results show that increasing the Kapok-ester oil proportion increases the brake thermal efficiency, decrease CO and increase the NOx emission.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF CI ENGINE FUELED BY TURPENTINE AND COTTONSEED OIL BLENDS AT VARIOUS INJECTION PRESSURES
Authors: Udayakumar P. , Kasiraman G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the current study an experimental investigation was carried out with cottonseed oil ester and mineral turpentine oil blend as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine. This study gives the comparative characteristics of performance and emission for the fuel blends and compared with diesel at various injector opening pressures of 190 bar, 210 bar and 230 bar. The experiment was conducted on 5.2 kW single cylinder Compression Ignition engine. Fuel blends in various ratios has been tested. The Turpentine oil was first blended with 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cottonseed oil ester to improve the performance of pure turpentine oil as fuel. It was found that the blend T80 which contains 80 % turpentine and 20 % cottonseed oil ester at 210 Bar gives the optimum brake thermal efficiency among all the blends.
Simulation of high velocity impact test on GFRP
Authors: Mishra Yash , Haresh Kumar N , Infanta Mary Priya I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The fundamental requirement in different applications of composites is resistance to high velocity impact loading. The present study is about simulating and investigating high velocity impact tests on E-glass/epoxy composite. The modelling of the composite plate and the projectile is done using Ansys Composite Prepost. The material used for the projectile is mild steel. The impact tests were simulated in Ansys Explicit Dynamics with hemispherical nose configuration and compared with results obtained from experiments done by previous work. Additional simulations were carried out using conical and cylindrical nose configurations. The ballistic limit of the composite is also obtained in each of these cases. Different aspects of the impact mechanism such as formation of cone on the back face of the target, distribution of stress on both the faces were investigated. The impact tests were carried out in previous works using gas gun method where a compressed gas gun bullet is used to penetrate the target. It is concluded that the simulated results had a good agreement with the experiments.
Designing age-hardenable Al alloys using ANFIS and GA
Authors: Saha Sanchari , De Swati , Datta Shubhabrata 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Age-hardenable aluminium alloys have higher strength compared non-heat-treatable alloys due to strengthening by the precipitates. Increasing the toughness of such alloys require improved balance between strength and ductility. To improve both ductility and strength through modification of composition and heat-treatment parameters of age-hardenable Al alloys (2XXX, 6XXX and 7XXX) an artificial intelligence based computational design approach is employed. Published data on the alloys are used for developing the data-driven models for tensile strength, yield strength, and %elongation. Fuzzy C means clustering is used to cluster the variables in the database into different levels and to generate fuzzy rule correlating those variables. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) used the fuzzy rules to develop the data-driven fuzzy predictive models for the said properties of the alloys. This models in turn played the role of objective functions for the multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm (GA) for handling the conflicting objectives of improving ductility as well as strength to design alloys. The generated Pareto solutions are analyzed for finding suitable composition and process parameters fulfilling the purpose.
Prediction of corrosion behaviour of reinforced concrete with manufactured sand using artificial neural network
Authors: Vijaya B , SenthilSelvan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present study focuses on evaluating the corrosion performance characteristics of steel embedded in concrete, in which Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) is utilized as a fractional and full replacement for natural sand. Corrosion characteristics of steel that is fixed in concrete are analysed by accelerated corrosion test for M40 grade concrete supplanted with 60% manufactured sand for river sand which is found optimum. The modelling of corrosion currents is done using feed forward Artificial Neural Network. The test results exhibits that the durability property of concrete against the effect of corrosion is enhanced, by the partial substitution of 60 % M-Sand. Accurate modelling results for corrosion currents was obtained using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The test results exhibits that ANN structures produced close prediction current values to that of experimental results.
Comparison study on dry and wet sliding wear behaviour of aluminium/nano composites
Authors: Jayapragash A , Solamannan G G , Guganeswaran I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the dry and wet behaviour of aluminium/Nanocomposites is evaluated using a pin on disc method under the dry and wet conditions. Aluminium/Nanocomposites were fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation stir casting process. The wet wear test was carried out using lubricating oil SAE 20W 50. Wear behaviour of Nanocomposites was evaluated by different loading conditions such as 15N, 30N, 45N and 60N with constant sliding speed. The wear surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscope. The test revealed that the wear rate in increased with applied load and also more wear is observed in dry condition when compared with wet condition.
Experimental investigations on the effect of copper on the microstructure and shape memory characteristics of NiTi alloys
Authors: Santosh S , Sampath V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Shape memory alloys are fascinating materials, which have exclusively been studied over the last three decades owing to their distinctive functional properties, such as shape memory effect (thermal memory) and superelasticity (mechanical memory). These materials have a unique capability to react to external stimuli, such as heat and stress, because of the reversible martensitic transformation, when subjected to appropriate thermomechanical processing. They find applications in various sectors and are in particular used as actuators and sensors. Among SMAs, NiTi-based alloys are more common and have proven their utility in many practical applications. However, there is still a scope for improvement of the alloys in terms of their shape memory characteristics if they are to be exploited in several other critical applications. In this context, addition of copper proves to be an appropriate element to enhance the transformation characteristics and biocompatibility of NiTi SMAs. Hence, in this work NiTiCu ternary alloys were synthesized by vacuum induction melting followed by subjecting them to suitable thermomechanical treatment. These alloys were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy in order to study the influence of copper addition on phases present, transformation temperatures and microstructure of NiTi SMAs. The results are discussed in detail in the paper.
Evaluation of mechanical behavior for animal fiber Reinforced hybrid fiber composite for marine application
Authors: Dinesh S , Elanchezhian C , Vijayaramnath B , Adinarayanan A , Guru Anantha Raman S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When natural fibers are bonded together with synthetic material, they exhibit increased mechanical properties which are environment friendly and of low cost. The application of natural fibers as a substitute for chemical fibers draws great interest due to its less weight, lower raw material price, and ecological benefits of using green resources which are biodegradable and renewable. By combining these natural fibers in different compositions, the above-mentioned properties can be enhanced. In this investigation the natural material of goat woolen fiber, hen feather fiber, human hair fiber and synthetic aramid material of Kevlar 29 (K-29) are reinforced with Epoxy resin by hand layup technique and three samples are prepared at various combination. To distribute uniform pressure on sandwiched layers a method called Compression Molding is followed. Tensile strength, flexural strength is performed as per ASTM standard. In addition to this Water Immersion test is also carried out to determine the amount of water absorbed under specified conditions. Bonding layers and structure characterized by Scanning Electron microscope (SEM). The result proved that composite material is enhanced good mechanical properties and very less water absorption. It is used for light weight and for enormous applications in engineering industries and for lining materials of marine environment.
Thermal Fatigue Cycle Shock Effects on Physical and Structural Properties of H13 Tool Steels before and after Heat Treatments
Authors: Karthikeyan P. , Pramanik Sumit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Any tool that is subjected to repetitive thermal service will undergo degradation in loss of various properties such as, strength, structures, thermal stability, and so on. These natural changes lead to huge premature failures and unexpected break downs during production by causing uneconomical and undesirable situations. Therefore in this present research, the raw, heat treated, and heat treated and nitrided H13 tool steel specimens were subjected to a thermal shock cycle condition similar to a real industrial application using a unique in-house built thermal shock cyclic fatigue (TSCF) testing machine to impose the thermal gradients. All the TSCF tested samples were then characterized by physical and structural tests, including, hardness, (Rockwell, HRc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The interesting changes in hardness, distorted crystal structure, and crack initiation due to the imposed cyclic thermal gradients by TSCF process up to 2000 thermal shock cycles were found to be different for differently treated H13 tool steel specimens. Therefore, this present investigation specifically would help in predicting the design parameters and to fabricate the proper mould components of various casting products.