bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook
Authors: El-Sayed Hosam , Vineis Claudia , Varesano Alessio , Mowafi Salwa , Andrea Carletto Riccardo , Tonetti Cinzia , Abou Taleb Marwa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This review is devoted to discuss the unique characteristics of multi-jet electrospinning technique, compared to other spinning techniques, and its utilization in spinning of natural as well as synthetic polymers. The advantages and inadequacies of the current commercial chemical spinning methods; namely wet spinning, melt spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning are discussed. The unconventional applications of electrospinning in textile and non-textile sectors are reported. Special emphasis is devoted to the theory and technology of the multijet electrospinning as well as its applications. The current status of multi-jet electrospining and future prospects are outlined. Using multi-jet electrospinning technique, various polymers have been electrospun into uniform blend nanofibrous mats with good dispersibility. In addition to the principle of multi-jet electro electrospinning, the different devices used for this technique are also highlighted.
Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review
Authors: Shen Yafei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.
A new binuclear NiII complex with tetrafluorophthalate and 2,2′-bipyridine ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Du Zhong-Xiang , Feng Xun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new NiII compound, [Ni2(tfpa)2(bipy)2(H2O)4] (1) with tetrafluorophthalate (tfpa2−) and 2,2′-bipyridine (abbreviated as bipy) ligands, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the tfpa2− anions act as bis-monodentate linkers connecting NiII centers to form the dinuclear structure of 1. The dimeric units are stabilized by intramolecular π–π stacking and are further connected into a layer through O–HLO hydrogen bonding. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data in the 10–200 K temperature range indicate weak ferromagnetic coupling between the two NiII ions.
Energy Metabolism in Continuous, High-Intensity, and Sprint Interval Training Protocols With Matched Mean Intensity
Authors: Eigendorf Julian , Maassen Mirja , Apitius Dirk , Maassen Norbert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Eigendorf, J, Maassen, M, Apitius, D, and Maassen, N. Energy metabolism in continuous, high-intensity, and sprint interval training protocols with matched mean intensity. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3104–3110, 2021—To evaluate acute physiological reactions and energy metabolism with 3 different training regimes, 7 subjects performed a high-intensity interval training (HIT), a sprint interval training (SIT), and a continuous training (CT) in a cross-over design. All training sessions were matched for relative mean intensity (50% Pmax). Stress-to-pause-ratios were chosen as 6–24 seconds (SIT) and 30–30 seconds (HIT) for interval protocols. No significant differences (significance level p ≤ 0.05) were found for oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), slope of RER (RERslope), and heart rate between the different training regimes. Lactate concentrations ([Lac]) in CT were significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared with HIT and SIT. No significant differences were found for free fatty acids ([FFA], p = 0.41) and glycerol ([GLY], p = 0.26) levels during all 3 training protocols (CT 0.27 mmol·L−1, SIT 0.22 mmol·L−1, and HIT 0.22 mmol·L−1). Ammonia (NH3, p > 0.05) levels did not show significant differences between the 3 training protocols during exercise phase. The comparable physiological reactions of [FFA], [GLY], and RER show that the activation of fat metabolism is not different between training regimes with different stress-to-pause-ratios. Moreover, mean intensity and time of exercise influence activation of fat metabolism. Increases in [NH3] suggest similar sources between the 3 training protocols and the need for further research concerning amino acid deamination. The better understanding of the acute reactions and changing of the energy metabolism during training sessions will help athletes in planning and executing their training sessions more efficiently and more precisely in the context of periodization.
Immune System Modulation in Response to Strength Training With Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: de Souza Thiago S.P. , de S. Pfeiffer Patrick A. , do N. Pereira Jordan , Pereira Neto Elísio A. , Dutra Thaysa S. , de Mendonça Mayara G.L. , Cirilo-Sousa Maria Socorro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
de Souza, TSP, de S. Pfeiffer, PA, do N. Pereira, J, Pereira Neto, EA, Dutra, TS, de Mendonça, MGL, and Cirilo-Sousa, MS. Immune system modulation in response to strength training with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2156–2161, 2022—This study aimed to compare strength training with blood flow restriction (ST-BFR) with multiple-set training at different intensities (30% of repetition maximum [1RM] and 75% of 1RM) for their effect on immunoinflammatory responses (total leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations). It is a randomized experimental study with a repeated-measures design with intergroup and intragroup effects of a strength training session. Eighteen physically active adults aged 20–31 years (26.17 ± 3.7 years), apparently healthy, performed a strength training session with 2 exercises. Six milliliters of blood was collected before training, immediately after training, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours after the session to perform analyses. The results showed that strength training could promote modulation (time effect) in the leukocyte count (F = 25.86, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.74), regardless of the method used. Neutrophils (F = 22.71, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.60), especially TCD4+ lymphocytes (F = 6.33, p < 0.05, η2 = 0, 3), were the main factors responsible for this variation. Despite the similarity, there were differences between the methods in modulations of total leukocytes (F = 4.16, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.36) and neutrophils (F = 4.80, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.39). In conclusion, compared with the multiple-set training, ST-BFR produces immunoinflammatory responses similar to low-intensity training and different from high-intensity training. However, the demargination process of some cells was different depending on the method and intensity used. Nevertheless, these variations are compatible with an appropriate recovery process because of the amplitude and length of modulation curves of leukocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations were not compatible with immunosuppression.
Comparison of Countermovement Jump–Derived Reactive Strength Index Modified and Underpinning Force-Time Variables Between Super League and Championship Rugby League Players
Authors: McMahon John J. , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
McMahon, JJ, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Comparison of countermovement jump–derived reactive strength index modified and underpinning force-time variables between super league and championship rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 226–231, 2022—The countermovement jump (CMJ) is regularly tested in rugby league (RL), with recent work reporting reactive strength index modified (RSImod) to distinguish between levels of play. Differences in CMJ-derived RSImod and underpinning force-time variables between English Super League (SL) and RL Championship (RLC) players are, however, unknown. As SL and RLC teams compete against each other, this study addressed this knowledge gap. Sixty RL players from the English SL (n = 30) and RLC (n = 30) performed 3 CMJs on a force platform at the start of the preseason training. The RSImod was calculated by dividing jump height (JH) by time to take-off (TTT), and several other variables were also extracted from the force-time record. The SL players achieved a significantly higher (large effect) RSImod by performing the CMJ with a significantly shorter (large effect) TTT but a similar (small effect) JH. The SL players achieved the shorter TTT through a significantly reduced (large effects) relative displacement during both the countermovement (combined unweighting and braking displacement) and propulsion phases but a significantly higher (moderate effects) propulsion peak force and power. The relationships between TTT and relative countermovement (r = 0.719, p < 0.001) and propulsion (r = 0.771, p < 0.001) displacement for combined group data were very large. Practitioners working in RL should, therefore, consider reporting RSImod and TTT, alongside JH, after CMJ force-time testing. We also suggest that RL players who produce lower RSImod scores would benefit from being trained to produce larger CMJ propulsion forces over a shallower range of hip, knee, and ankle extension.
Essential Skills for Superior Wave-Riding Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forsyth James R. , Riddiford-Harland Diane L. , Whitting John W. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Steele Julie R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Forsyth, JR, Riddiford-Harland, DL, Whitting, JW, Sheppard, JM, and Steele, JR. Essential skills for superior wave-riding performance: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 3003–3011, 2020—To successfully and safely perform surfing maneuvers, surfers and their coaches need to know how to perform each maneuver correctly. Although some components of the sport are well understood, evidence-based recommendations in the scientific literature on how to perform surfing skills are sparse. The aim of this article was to systematically review the body of literature pertaining to discrete wave-riding skills and characteristics that are associated with the ability of surfers to successfully perform them. Searches of PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus with Full-text, and Web of Science were undertaken in January 2019, to identify the most appropriate literature, with secondary searches of reference lists used to create a greater pool of possible articles. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Ten studies deemed appropriate for review captured data from 299 surfers, who were predominantly competitive (78.3%) and male (58.2%). The average Down and Black Quality Index of the articles was 76.3 ± 8.4%, with these articles focusing on the “pop-up” and landing skills. Performance indicators, such as isometric push-up peak forces, force-plate derived and in-water time to pop-up, relative peak forces generated when landing and time-to-stabilization, were all shown to be related to the physical characteristics of surfers and could affect the ability of surfers to successfully ride a wave. Findings from the studies included in this review suggest that the pop-up and landing exhibit trainable qualities that coaches and athletes can use to improve surfing performance.
Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Metric to Estimate the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists?
Authors: Lillo-Beviá José Ramón , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Cerezuela-Espejo Victor , Morán-Navarro Ricardo , Martínez-Cava Alejandro , Pallarés Jesús G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lillo-Beviá, JR, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Cerezuela-Espejo, V, Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, and Pallarés, JG. Is the functional threshold power a valid metric to estimate the maximal lactate steady state in cyclists? J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 167–173, 2022—The aims of this study were to determine (a) the repeatability of a 20-minute time-trial (TT20), (b) the location of the TT20 in relation to the main physiological events of the aerobic-anaerobic transition, and (c) the predictive power of a list of correction factors and linear/multiple regression analysis applied to the TT20 result to estimate the individual maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Under laboratory conditions, 11 trained male cyclists and triathletes (V̇o
2max 59.7 ± 3.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed a maximal graded exercise test to record the power output associated with the first and second ventilatory thresholds and V̇o
2max measured by indirect calorimetry, several 30 minutes constant tests to determine the MLSS, and 2 TT20 tests with a short warm-up. Very high repeatability of TT20 tests was confirmed (standard error of measurement of ±3 W and smallest detectable change of ±9 W). Validity results revealed that MLSS differed substantially from TT20 (bias = 26 ± 7 W). The maximal lactate steady state was then estimated from the traditional 95% factor (bias = 12 ± 7 W) and a novel individual correction factor (ICF% = MLSS/TT20), resulting in 91% (bias = 1 ± 6 W). Complementary linear (MLSS = 0.7488 × TT20 + 43.24; bias = 0 ± 5 W) and multiple regression analysis (bias = 0 ± 4 W) substantially improved the individual MLSS workload estimation. These findings suggest reconsidering the TT20 procedures and calculations to increase the effectiveness of the MLSS prediction.
The Measurement of the Internal Relative Humidity of Concrete at Early Ages
Authors: Wilson Cameron , Weiss Jason 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Measurement of the internal relative humidity (RH) in concrete can be used to describe the availability of water, which has implications on several properties including shrinkage and hydration rate. However, accurate measurement of the internal RH of concrete is challenging, especially at early ages. This article examines different methods of using capacitive sensors for measuring the internal RH of concrete. The capacitive RH sensors are typically placed inside a void that enables the RH of the air within the void to be measured. Condensation of water vapor (caused by variation in temperature of the sample) has been observed to result in unreliable measurements, calibration issues, sensor malfunction, and sensor damage. Sensors may be heated cyclically to evaporate the condensed water vapor; however, many of these sensors failed to operate properly. Continuously heated sensors maintain the sensor at a higher temperature than the ambient concrete to reduce the potential for the formation of condensation. The continuously heated sensor provided the best results and is a good candidate for future testing. Suggestions for the measurement of internal concrete RH and calibration of the sensors are provided.
Checkpoint Regulation of Nuclear Tos4 Defines S Phase Arrest in Fission Yeast
Authors: Kim Seong M , Tripathi Vishnu P , Shen Kuo-Fang , Forsburg Susan L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFrom yeast to humans, the cell cycle is tightly controlled by regulatory networks that regulate cell proliferation and can be monitored by dynamic visual markers in living cells. We have observed S phase progression by monitoring nuclear accumulation of the FHA-containing DNA binding protein Tos4, which is expressed in the G1/S phase transition. We use Tos4 localization to distinguish three classes of DNA replication mutants: those that arrest with an apparent 1C DNA content and accumulate Tos4 at the restrictive temperature; those that arrest with an apparent 2C DNA content, that do not accumulate Tos4; and those that proceed into mitosis despite a 1C DNA content, again without Tos4 accumulation. Our data indicate that Tos4 localization in these conditions is responsive to checkpoint kinases, with activation of the Cds1 checkpoint kinase promoting Tos4 retention in the nucleus, and activation of the Chk1 damage checkpoint promoting its turnover. Tos4 localization therefore allows us to monitor checkpoint-dependent activation that responds to replication failure in early vs. late S phase.
Escherichia coli Metabolite Profiling Leads to the Development of an RNA Interference Strain for Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Neve Isaiah A A , Sowa Jessica N , Lin Chih-Chun J , Sivaramakrishnan Priya , Herman Christophe , Ye Youqiong , Han Leng , Wang Meng C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The relationship of genotypes to phenotypes can be modified by environmental inputs. Such crucial environmental inputs include metabolic cues derived from microbes living together with animals. Thus, the analysis of genetic effects on animals’ physiology can be confounded by variations in the metabolic profile of microbes. Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to distinct bacterial strains and species exhibit phenotypes different at cellular, developmental, and behavioral levels. Here we reported metabolomic profiles of three Escherichia coli strains, B strain OP50, K-12 strain MG1655, and B-K-12 hybrid strain HB101, as well as different mitochondrial and fat storage phenotypes of C. elegans exposed to MG1655 and HB101 vs. OP50. We found that these metabolic phenotypes of C. elegans are not correlated with overall metabolic patterning of bacterial strains, but their specific metabolites. In particular, the fat storage phenotype is traced to the betaine level in different bacterial strains. HT115 is another K-12 E. coli strain that is commonly utilized to elicit an RNA interference response, and we showed that C. elegans exposed to OP50 and HT115 exhibit differences in mitochondrial morphology and fat storage levels. We thus generated an RNA interference competent OP50 (iOP50) strain that can robustly and consistently knockdown endogenous C. elegans genes in different tissues. Together, these studies suggest the importance of specific bacterial metabolites in regulating the host’s physiology and provide a tool to prevent confounding effects when analyzing genotype-phenotype interactions under different bacterial backgrounds.
Genome Sequencing of Musa acuminata Dwarf Cavendish Reveals a Duplication of a Large Segment of Chromosome 2
Authors: Busche Mareike , Pucker Boas , Viehöver Prisca , Weisshaar Bernd , Stracke Ralf 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Different Musa species, subspecies, and cultivars are currently investigated to reveal their genomic diversity. Here, we compare the genome sequence of one of the commercially most important cultivars, Musa acuminata Dwarf Cavendish, against the Pahang reference genome assembly. Numerous small sequence variants were detected and the ploidy of the cultivar presented here was determined as triploid based on sequence variant frequencies. Illumina sequence data also revealed a duplication of a large segment on the long arm of chromosome 2 in the Dwarf Cavendish genome. Comparison against previously sequenced cultivars provided evidence that this duplication is unique to Dwarf Cavendish. Although no functional relevance of this duplication was identified, this example shows the potential of plants to tolerate such aneuploidies.
Instrucción Ortopédica de Posgrado - Imágenes. Resolución del caso.
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo , Trache Adrián 
Published: November 2019

Se discute las imagenes en una enfermedad poco frecuente,Xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa, y sus implicancias clinicas. We discuss the radiological findings and the clinical significance of cerebrotendinous xhantomathosis, a rare genetic metabolic disorder.
Síndrome de la espalda inclinada. Presentación de cuatro casos y revisión de la bibliografía. [Bent spine syndrome. Presentation of four cases and literature review]
Authors: Covaro Augusto , Vilà-Canet Gemma , Ciccolo Francesco , Garcia de Frutos Ana , Rodriguez-Alabau Sergi , Ubierna-Garcés Maite , Isart Torruella Anna , Cancer Castillo David , Cáceres-Palou Enric 
Published: November 2019

El síndrome de la espalda inclinada o camptocormia es una causa de desequilibrio sagital del tronco no estructurada de difícil manejo médico y quirúrgico. Puede ser secundario a enfermedades del sistema nervioso central o periférico, o de origen primario muscular, como la atrofia aislada de la musculatura paravertebral espinal. El diagnóstico se basa en la evaluación clínica, los estudios por imágenes, el electromiograma y la biopsia muscular. El síndrome de la espalda inclinada, cualquiera fuera su causa, tiene un pronóstico pobre, los síntomas suelen progresar hasta afectar la bipedestación de manera irreversible. Presentamos un análisis retrospectivo de cuatro casos de síndrome de la espalda inclinada tratados en nuestro centro y una revisión de la bibliografía. AbstractIntroduction: The bent spine syndrome (BSS) or camptocornia is a cause of unstructured sagittal imbalance of difficult medical and surgical management.Objective: To describe the causes of BSS and how to approach its treatment.Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 4 cases of BSS treated at our center and review of the literature.Results: The 4 cases were women between 60 and 82 years of age, 3 due to an isolated atrophy of the paravertebral spinal erectorae musculature and 1 case due to an inflammatory myopathy.Conclusions: The prognosis of any BSS is poor, so the symptoms usually progress to irreversible difficulty to maintain upright posture.
Fractura del Gaucho. Mecanismo inusual de fracturas lumbares bajas de tipo estallido. ["Gaucho´s fracture". Unusual mechanism of burst type low lumbar fractures in horse riders
Authors: Ricciardi Daniel Oscar , Ricciardi Guillermo Alejandro , Garfinkel Ignacio Gabriel , Carrioli Gabriel Genaro 
Published: November 2019

Comunicamos dos casos de fracturas lumbares bajas de tipo estallido con compromiso de la cuarta vértebra lumbar (L4), en pacientes que desarrollan la actividad conocida como “jineteada gaucha”, quienes sufrieron una caída de tipo “voleo”, en la cual el caballo cae hacia atrás sobre su dorso aprisionando al jinete contra el suelo. AbstractWe report two cases of low lumbar burst fractures that involve the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), in patients who develop the activity known as "jineteada gaucha", in which the horse falls on its back and imprisons the rider against the ground.
Las Farianas: Reintegration of former female FARC fighters as a driver for peace in Colombia
Authors: Barrios Sabogal Laura Camila , Richter Solveig 
Published: November 2019

The 2016 peace agreement includes comprehensive prescriptions for the so-called “reincorporation” of former combatants into the social, economic and political life of Colombia. However, the literature is somewhat skeptical regarding the reintegration of female fighters, since they are usually either neglected or are facing intense stigmatization by the society. Nevertheless, based on empirical data from field research in 2018, we argue that both former FARC ex-combatants and conflict-affected communities largely support the reintegration process. This acceptance offers not only prospects for peace but a unique opportunity to promote gender equality in the traditional Colombian society.