bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced hydroformylation of 1‐hexene in microbubble media
Authors: Peng Fei , Zhang Jie , Tang Zhiyong , Sun Yuhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo enhance the gas–liquid mass transfer in the hydroformylation reaction, microbubbles were applied into this typical gas–liquid reaction. Compared with a commercial tube microbubble generator, a fractal microbubble distributor, which was designed based on the bionic fractal theory and manufactured via 3D printing, permitted to increase the total microbubble number and decrease the microbubble size. Moreover, the microbubbles were more uniformly distributed in the reactor by the fractal distributor. The gas holdup and the gas–liquid mass transfer were much higher in microbubble system than those with millimeter bubbles. The microbubble status played an important role on the hydroformylation performance. With a close total aldehyde yield (90%), the introduction of microbubbles could reduce the hydroformylation reaction time from 120 min of the stirred batch reactor to 60 min owing to the enhanced mass transfer. The proposed microbubble mediated system also has great potential for intensifying the other gas–liquid reactions.
Bauzeitenvorhersage von Injektionen im Tunnelbau
Authors: Backhaus Jan Onne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die die digitale Dokumentation auf Injektionsbaustellen nutzt, um automatisierte, baubegleitende Bauzeitenvorhersagen zu berechnen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Genauigkeit der Vorhersagen jener von bisher üblichen händischen Vorhersagemethoden deutlich überlegen sein kann. Hierbei werden traditionelle statistische Methoden und Markow‐Ketten innerhalb einer diskreten Ereignissimulation verwendet, um hypothetische Projektverläufe zu berechnen. Diese werden mit einer Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation in eine Vorhersage für die Gesamtbauzeit überführt. Die Daten wurden von der Renesco GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit der eguana GmbH erhoben.
Screening and identification of resistant sources against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing white mold disease in common bean
Authors: Chauhan Sonali , Katoch Shabnam , Sharma S.K. , Sharma P.N. , Rana J.C. , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Mohar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhite mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating constraint in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, affecting plants at both seedling and adult stages. Being a crop of small‐area, resource‐poor, farmers and given the high cost of fungicides, farmers prefer the use of region‐specific landraces or resistant accessions. In this study, we compared various methods of bean plant inoculation with S. sclerotiorum and found modified straw test method of inoculation as most accurate and effective. Using this method, we screened a panel of 516 common bean germplasm procured from 22 countries through the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR; New Delhi, India) against white mold pathogen. Only 12 accessions were found resistant, whereas 121 were moderately resistant to white mold. Among exotic resistant accessions, EC271515, EC271475, EC271523, and EC271528 were from the Colombian region, while the remaining four, EC530910, EC530913, EC530916, and EC531044, belonged to Columbia. Of the four resistant landraces from India, IC280353 was a collection from Jammu and Kashmir State, whereas landraces IC278744, IC278709, and IC278734 were from Himachal Pradesh. Considering the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), incubation period, infection rate, and lesion length, EC‐271475 followed by EC‐530916 were concluded to be the best accessions against white mold. Further, the statistical analysis also confirms the highly resistant nature of phenotypically screened common bean accessions. One exotic accession, EC271475, possessing resistance to S. sclerotiorum was also resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) strain NL‐7n and could be used in common bean breeding programs.
Balancing aspects of numerical dissipation, dispersion, and aliasing in time‐accurate simulations
Authors: Edoh Ayaboe K. , Mundis Nathan L. , Karagozian Ann R. , Sankaran Venkateswaran 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe current study looks at the selection of scheme elements that are well‐suited for long‐time integration of unsteady flows in the absence or under‐resolution of physical diffusion. A concerted assembly of numerical components are chosen relative to a target aliasing limit, which is taken as a best‐case scenario for overall spectral resolvability. High‐order and optimized difference stencils are employed in order to achieve accuracy; meanwhile, quasi skew‐symmetric splitting techniques for nonlinear transport terms are used in order to greatly improve robustness. Finally, tunable and scale‐discriminant artificial‐dissipation methods are incorporated for de‐aliasing purposes and as a means of further enhancing both accuracy and stability. Central finite difference methods are considered, and spectral characterizations of the scheme components are presented. Canonical test cases (the isentropic vortex [IV] and Taylor‐Green vortex problems) are chosen in order to highlight the benefits associated with the proposed approach for enhancing overall algorithm robustness and accuracy.
A comparison of methods to estimate groundwater recharge from bare soil based on data observed by a large‐scale lysimeter
Authors: Zhang Zaiyong , Wang Wenke , Gong Chengcheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffectively estimating groundwater recharge is critical to manage water resources, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions as impacted by intensive human activities and climate changes. Rare insights have been gained into groundwater recharge since direct observation is hard to carry out. Although several methods are currently available to estimate groundwater recharge, the estimated results may cover noticeable bias. The behaviours of different methods based on different conceptual frameworks and exhibiting different levels of complexity should be examined to estimate actual groundwater recharge. This study aims to assess the performance of four common methods to estimate groundwater recharge. For this end, large‐scale lysimeters equipped with soil water content sensors and water table sensors were set up at a research site established in Guanzhong Basin of China. The data achieved by 1‐year observation were employed to compare four estimation methods. As revealed from the results, the following findings are drawn. (a) Groundwater level fluctuation (GLF) method is simple, whereas its accuracy is determined by specific yield, and adopting a water balance method to estimate specific yield can considerably enhance the accuracy of GLF. (b) The calibrated numerical model can obtain the optimal result compared with the other methods, whereas long‐term observation data are required for parameter calibration. (c) In the water balance method, the maximum entropy production (MEP) model and a practical method (estimating evaporation between two rainfall events) were used to calculate evaporation. As indicated by the results, water balance method combined with MEP is capable of obtaining more reliable results of groundwater recharge compared with the practical method. (d) With an analytical model based on linearized Richards' equation, accurate results can be achieved. What is more, the analytical model only needs the measurement of soil moisture near the surface. The limitation of this method is that it is difficult to determine the maximal water flux. The mentioned findings are of critical implications to the management and sustainable development of groundwater.
A monthly regression correction model for the Hargreaves–Samani method in Mainland China
Authors: Xia Xingsheng , Zhu Xiufang , Pan Yaozhong , Zhang Jinshui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important parameter for irrigation engineering. It can be calculated using the Penman–Monteith method (PM), which results in ET0‐PM. This study uses ET0‐PM to determine the availability of a monthly linear regression correction model for the Hargreaves–Samani method (HG). The data were obtained from 647 meteorological stations in mainland China, which are contained within the data set of monthly values of climate data from Chinese surface stations. For most stations, the correlation coefficient of ET0‐PM and ET0‐HG (determined by the HG method) ranges from 0.5 to 1.0. This provides the necessary conditions for the monthly linear regression correction of ET0‐HG. The mean relative change of the mean absolute error before and after the ET0‐HG correction for each year indicates that the scheme adopted in this study yields improved correction results during autumn, winter and spring in mainland China and poor results during summer. However, the monthly regression correction model for the HG is only available for part of the stations in each season. This study supplements a case for the larger‐scale ET0‐HG monthly regression correction. This can be a reference for the further refinement of the ET0‐HG spatio‐temporal correction © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced basis method for managed pressure drilling based on a model with local nonlinearities
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Hossein , Iapichino Laura , Naderi Lordejani Sajad , Schilders Wil , van de Wouw Nathan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo circumvent restrictions of conventional drilling methods, such as slow control actions and inability to drill depleted reservoirs, a drilling method called managed pressure drilling (MPD) has been developed. In MPD, single‐phase flow processes can be modeled as a feedback interconnection of a high‐order linear system and a low‐order nonlinear system. These nonlinearities appear locally both inside and at the boundaries of the computational domain. To obtain a fast simulation platform for real‐time purposes (eg, online model‐based controller implementation), model order reduction is required for MPD. However, the local nonlinearities render applying model order reduction techniques challenging. In this study, a new approach is proposed to deal with such nonlinearities within the reduced basis (RB) context and it is successfully tested on a model for MPD. Contrary to the classical RB technique, the proposed approach not only does not generate nonphysical spikes at the locations of these local nonlinearities but also yields high speedup factors. The obtained reduced‐order model can be used for efficient online simulation and controller design for drilling systems with
MPD.
Registration of Hessian fly‐resistant germplasm KS18WGRC65 carrying H26 in hard red winter wheat ‘Overley’ background
Authors: Singh Narinder , Steeves Ryan , Chen Ming‐Shun , Bouhssini Mustapha El , Pumphrey Michael , Poland Jesse 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHessian fly (HF; Mayetiola destructor Say) causes severe damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Several resistance genes have been identified in wheat and wild relatives; however, HF populations are under strong selection pressure and evolve rapidly to overcome resistance. To ensure the availability of resistance sources, HF‐resistant germplasm KS18WGRC65 (TA5110, Reg. no. GP‐1042, PI 688251) was developed by Wheat Genetics Resource Center at Kansas State University as a breeding stock that carries resistance gene H26 from Aegilops tauschii Coss. KS18WGRC65 is a cytogenetically stable, homozygous, BC3F3:6 line derived from the cross between Ae. tauschii accession KU2147 and hard red winter wheat recurrent parent ‘Overley’. KS18WGRC65 exhibited no penalty for yield or other agronomic characters, making it a suitable source of HF resistance for wheat breeding.
Reduction of harmonic current distortion for single‐phase grid‐tied inverter operated in discontinuous current mode
Authors: Zhang JianTao , Isobe Takanori , Tadano Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiscontinuous current mode (DCM) with high‐frequency operation can be an effective way to reduce the volume of inductors for low‐power grid‐tied inverter applications. Unlike the controllers designed for continuous current mode operations, current controllers for DCM are required to address their nonlinear characteristics. A feed‐forward controller can be a good choice for the current control of the grid‐tied inverters operated in DCM. However, distortions in the output current cannot be eliminated, and they can be more severe if devices with large output capacitance are applied. Two harmonic current reduction strategies, namely a partial feedback path and an improved modulation, are proposed to reduce the low‐ and high‐order harmonics for single‐phase grid‐tied inverters operated in DCM. The proposed strategies are discussed and verified by a laboratory prototype in some experiments. It is indicated that the proposed modulation can mitigate the influence of device parasitic capacitance on current distortion and expand the device selections. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Failure of the N‐wave interaction approximation without imposing periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Haas Tobias , Schneider Guido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe N‐wave interaction (NWI) system appears as an amplitude system in the description of N nonlinearly interacting and linearly transported wave packets in dispersive wave systems such as the water wave problem or problems in nonlinear optics. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First we give a new simplified proof for the failure of the NWI approximation in case of resonances which are located at integer multiples of a basic wave number k0 in the original ‐spatially periodic dispersive wave system. Secondly, we give a first rigorous proof that an amplitude system fails in the description of an original system, without imposing periodic boundary conditions on the original system.
Consequences of mandated usage of innovations in organizations: developing an innovation decision model of symbolic and forced adoption
Authors: Heidenreich Sven , Talke Katrin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn organizations, mandated adoption contexts are the rule rather than the exception. Individuals, who are denied the choice between adopting and rejecting an innovation, are more likely to engage in opposition behavior, particularly if the innovation conflicts with their held beliefs. Interestingly, neither the construct of forced adoption nor its consequences have received much research attention. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic literature review and provide theoretical rationales for the emergence of innovation resistance and opposition behaviors in organizations. We then develop an innovation decision model of individual adoption behavior that localizes negative outcomes of the secondary adoption process along the different process stages, providing insights into their emergence and potential consequences for the organization. Furthermore, we identify important avenues for future research and show how our innovation decision model can be used to advance theory development on forced adoption.
Chandra view on the active nucleus of CGCG 292–057: Jet-ISM interactions
Authors: Balasubramaniam K. , Stawarz Ł. , Marchenko V. , Thimmappa R. , Sobolewska M. , Siemiginowska A. , Cheung C. C. , Kozieł-Wierzbowska D. , Jamrozy M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present the analysis of the 93 ksec Chandra ACIS–S data for the galaxy CGCG 292–057 (z = 0.054), with complex radio structure indicative of the intermittent jet activity. In order to characterize precisely the spectrum of the unresolved low-luminosity active nucleus in the source, we performed detailed MARX/PSF simulations and studied the radial profile of the source region surface brightness. In this way, we have detected an additional X-ray component extending from a few up to ∼10 kpc from the unresolved core, which could be associated with the hot gaseous medium compressed and heated (up to 0.9 keV) by the expanding inner lobes of the radio galaxy. We modeled the X-ray spectrum of the unresolved nucleus assuming various emission models, including an absorbed power-law, a power-law plus thermal emission component, and a two-temperature thermal plasma. The best fit was however obtained assuming a power-law emission scattered by a hot ionized gas, giving rise to the 6.7 keV iron line.
Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Gabuzda Denise C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn abundance of information about the magnetic (B) fields of relativistic AGN jets has been obtained through radio polarization observations made on a wide range of scales, from the parsec scales probed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry to the kiloparsec scales probed by instruments such as the the Jansky Very Large Array and e-MERLIN. The observed radio emission is synchrotron radiation, for which the linear polarization angles in optically thin regions is orthogonal to the local synchrotron B fields. The characteristic B field structures observed for these jets on parsec scales are described. A key question is whether B field structures observed in particular AGN jets come about primarily due to “global” effects such as the intrinsic B field of the jet itself, which is expected to be helical, or local phenomena such as shocks, shear and bending of the jets. Observational criteria that can be used to try to distinguish between various possible origins for observed B field structures are described. There is now considerable evidence that the relativistic jets of AGNs do indeed carry helical B fields, with the observed polarization also sometimes appreciably influenced by local effects. Patterns seen in the helical B field components, indicated for example by Faraday rotation observations, provide unique information about the processes involved in the generation of these helical B fields. The collected observations on parsec and kiloparsec scales provide weighty evidence that an important role is played by the action of a cosmic “battery” that acts to generate an inward current along the jet axis and an outward current in a more extended region surrounding the jet.
Expanding Radio Lobe associated with 3C 84
Authors: Asada Keiichi , Inoue Makoto , Nagai Hiroshi , Kameno Seiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFollowing the discovery of the expansion of a young radio lobe associated with the bright radio source 3C 84 in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1275 using VSOP monitoring observation with duration of 3 years, we further investigated its evolution by utilizing VLBA monitoring data taken by MOJAVE project. As the results, we confirmed the expanding motion of both the southern and northern lobes, and detected side-way expanding motions for the first time. In meantime, the total flux density of the lobes are decreasing, while total flux density associated with the nuclei is significantly increasing. This cooling of the radio lobe can be well-explained with the energy loss through the adiabatic cooling.
Numerical and experimental analysis of a transmission-based breast imaging system: a study of application to patients
Authors: Norouzzadeh Elham , Chamaani Somayyeh , Moll Jochen , Kexel Christian , Nguyen Duy Hai , Hübner Frank , Bazrafshan Babak , Vogl Thomas J. , Krozer Viktor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly detection of breast cancer is required to increase the chances of a successful treatment. However, current breast-imaging systems such as X-Ray mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging have technological limitations so that novel solutions are needed to address this major societal problem. The current paper considers ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave radiation in the frequency band from 1 to 9 GHz. Given by the non-ionizing nature of microwaves frequent check-ups are more feasible. In this work, we propose algorithms for qualitative and quantitative microwave breast imaging for a transmission-based UWB system. Based on numerical and experimental data, the performance of the algorithms has been investigated and compared. Finally, microwave images obtained during an initial patient study are discussed relative to corresponding X-ray images.
Real-space imaging of confined magnetic skyrmion tubes
Authors: Birch M. T. , Cortés-Ortuño D. , Turnbull L. A. , Wilson M. N. , Groß F. , Träger N. , Laurenson A. , Bukin N. , Moody S. H. , Weigand M. , Schütz G. , Popescu H. , Fan R. , Steadman P. , Verezhak J. A. T. , Balakrishnan G. , Loudon J. C. , Twitchett-Harrison A. C. , Hovorka O. , Fangohr H. , Ogrin F. Y. , Gräfe J. , Hatton P. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial particles with a potential application as information elements in future spintronic device architectures. While they are commonly portrayed as two dimensional objects, in reality magnetic skyrmions are thought to exist as elongated, tube-like objects extending through the thickness of the host material. The study of this skyrmion tube state (SkT) is vital for furthering the understanding of skyrmion formation and dynamics for future applications. However, direct experimental imaging of skyrmion tubes has yet to be reported. Here, we demonstrate the real-space observation of skyrmion tubes in a lamella of FeGe using resonant magnetic x-ray imaging and comparative micromagnetic simulations, confirming their extended structure. The formation of these structures at the edge of the sample highlights the importance of confinement and edge effects in the stabilisation of the SkT state, opening the door to further investigation into this unexplored dimension of the skyrmion spin texture.
Combination of highly efficient microflora to degrade paint spray exhaust gas
Authors: Lan Huixia , Qi Shixin , Yang Da , Zhang Heng , Liu Jianbo , Sun Yanhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpray paint exhaust gas contains recalcitrant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). Treating BTX with a biofilter often achieves unsatisfactory results because the biofilter lacks efficient microbial community. In this work, three strains for BTX degradation were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis by using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. A consortium of highly efficient microbial community was then constructed on a stable biofilm to treat BTX in a biofilter. A relatively suitable ratio of P. putida, B. cereus and B. subtilis was obtained. An efficiency of over 90% was achieved in the biofilter with VOC concentration of 1000 mg/m3 through inoculation with the microbial community after only 10 days of operation. Thus, fast start-up of the biofilter was realised. Analysis of intermediate products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry indicated that BTX was degraded into short-chain aldehydes or acids via ring opening reactions.