bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential development of myelin in zebra finch song nuclei
Authors: Champoux Katharine L. , Miller Kimberly E. , Perkel David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSongbirds learn vocalizations by hearing and practicing songs. As song develops, the tempo becomes faster and more precise. In the songbird brain, discrete nuclei form interconnected myelinated circuits that control song acquisition and production. The myelin sheath increases the speed of action potential propagation by insulating the axons of neurons and by reducing membrane capacitance. As the brain develops, myelin increases in density, but the time course of myelin development across discrete song nuclei has not been systematically studied in a quantitative fashion. We tested the hypothesis that myelination develops differentially across time and song nuclei. We examined myelin development in the brains of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) from chick at posthatch day (d) 8 to adult (up to 147 d) in five major song nuclei: HVC (proper name), robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), Area X, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium, and medial portion of the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus (DLM). All of these nuclei showed an increase in the density of myelination during development but at different rates and to different final degrees. Exponential curve fits revealed that DLM showed earlier myelination than other nuclei, and HVC showed the slowest myelination of song nuclei. Together, these data show differential maturation of myelination in different portions of the song system. Such differential maturation would be well placed to play a role in regulating the development of learned song.
Analyzing a decade of Colors of the Year
Authors: Gijsenij Arjan , Vazirian Marjan , Kirchner Eric , Spiers Peter , Lai Peihua , Westland Stephen , Koeckhoven Pim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Color of the Year was first introduced by Pantone in 2000, and recently (the last decade) we saw the trend of introducing a Color of the Year being picked up by more and more companies. Paints and coatings companies typically select their colors of the year by extensive research by designers and trend experts, resulting in a plurality of colors being introduced as Color of the Year, every year. In this article, we collated colors of the year of 15 different paints and coatings companies published in the past decade and we show that most colors of the year can be described as neutral or off‐white color (ie, the median value for NCS Chromaticness is low, 20%) although occasionally colors of the year have high NCS Chromaticness. We demonstrate that the distribution of colors of the year follow a certain narrative from year to year: The average Lightness and Chroma (averaged over all companies, per year) appear to follow a wavelike pattern, where the average Lightness appears to repeat itself every ~8 years and the average Chroma approximately every 4.5 years. Similarly, we can see a cyclic pattern in the hue: From mostly yellowish red or greenish blue in 2015, towards predominantly blue in 2017, to a wide variation in hues in 2020 suggesting a fragmentation in colors of the year preferences. In addition, we demonstrate that the colors of the year differ significantly from what can be expected if the colors would have been selected randomly. This could reflect the fact that paint companies use similar raw data to identify their color trends.
Fatigue‐Resistant Crosslinked Azopolymers with Inhibited H‐Aggregation for Efficient Photopatterning
Authors: Yue Youfeng , Azumi Reiko , Norikane Yasuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to repeatedly record information with external stimuli, in particular light, is of fundamental importance for the development of photoresponsive materials. Here, we demonstrated a photo‐patterning system by using crosslinked azopolymers incorporating meta‐substituted azobenzene (M‐azo) moieties into dodecyl glyceryl itaconate (DGI) polymer networks. M‐azo inhibited H‐aggregation and showed efficient trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization in the crystal and film states, making photopatterning of the crosslinked polymers fully reversible. Macro‐ or microscale patterning could be written and erased in a reversible manner using light on the polymer film with fast response, high resolution, and flexibility. Moreover, these polymer films exhibited good fatigue resistance, which enabled hundreds of cyclic photo‐writing and erasing tests without any decay under alternating UV/Vis irradiation. The high fatigue resistance indicates the ability of the azopolymers to repeatedly harvest and convert light energy into chemical conformation in the polymer networks by taking advantages of efficient photoisomerization.
Genome‐wide association study of resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot in Brazilian Mesoamerican and Andean common bean cultivars
Authors: Vidigal Filho Pedro S. , Gonçalves‐Vidigal Maria Celeste , Vaz Bisneta Mariana , Souza Vanet B. , Gilio Thiago A.S. , Calvi Alexandre A. , Lima Laize R.L. , Pastor‐Corrales Marcial A. , Melotto Maeli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnthracnose (ANT) and angular leaf spot (ALS) are devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide, and identification of new sources of ANT and ALS resistance is a major priority in breeding programs. The ANT and ALS reaction of 57 Andean and 58 Mesoamerican accessions from five Brazilian states were evaluated. Three Mesoamerican and eight Andean accessions were resistant to races 9, 65, 73, 2047, and 3481 of the ANT pathogen, while four Mesoamerican and 14 Andean accessions were resistant to four of the ANT pathogen races. Furthermore, 13 Mesoamerican and 30 Andean accessions were resistant to races 31‐23 and 63‐39 of the ALS pathogen. To understand the genetic basis of ANT and ALS resistance, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the 115 accessions, revealing new sources of resistance in Andean and Mesoamerican accessions. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with races 9 and 73 of ANT was positioned on chromosome Pv04; resistance to race 65 on chromosomes Pv01, Pv04, and Pv08; and resistance to races 2047 and 3481 on chromosomes Pv10 and Pv05, respectively. Furthermore, SNPs associated with race 31‐23 of Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun were mapped on chromosomes Pv02 and Pv04, whereas for race 63‐39, SNPs were mapped on chromosomes Pv03, Pv06, and Pv08. The SNP markers and candidate genes found associated with the resistance should be validated in segregating populations, which could further be used for marker‐assisted selection. As a result, breeding programs might be able to develop resistant bean cultivars to ANT and ALS.
A proposed framework for assessing the influence of internal corporate social responsibility belief on employee intention to job continuity
Authors: Sanusi Fasilat Aramide , Johl Satirenjit Kaur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study develops a comprehensive conceptual framework and propositions that integrate the concept of internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR) belief with employee intention to job continuity for solving the existing problem of employee's job turnover. A careful examination of existing literature on the construct of ICSR facilitates the necessity for the development of a research framework consisting of several research propositions. An integrated conceptual framework of ICSR belief and employee intention to job continuity was constructed based on the existing conceptualization of corporate social responsibility and ICSR. In addition, this paper proposes a quantitative research method to obtain information about ICSR belief and employee intention to job continuity. Questionnaire instrument will be used to collect data from the employee. The paper also proposes partial least square structural equation modeling for the proposed study analysis. Finally, the conceptual framework provides a logical path for future studies. Theoretically, the effect of ICSR on employee's job engagement was found inconclusive and requires further academic deliberation. In this study, a total number of six propositions were developed to provide an opportunity for informed decision‐making that will enhance sustainable performance. The research framework and propositions were developed to cater for the need to improve management and employee relationship in the workplace to build a positive functional work environment that promotes valuable performance. This will also insight the global sustainable initiative pertaining to human resource management. Finally, completion of this study will have implications on local as well as the international labor development.
How Far Are We in Combating Marine Oil Spills by Using Phase‐Selective Organogelators?
Authors: Vibhute Amol M. , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarine oil spills is one of the frequent natural disasters that adversely affect the economy and ecosystem. A variety of methods have been developed to combat marine oil spills. However, none of these methods is ideal and universal for tackling different kinds of oil spills. In addition, most of these methods do not offer the possibility for recovering the spilt oil. There is great interest in developing novel and better methods for combating marine oil spills that allow recovery of the spilt oil. The use of low molecular weight organogelators that can selectively congeal oil from oil–water mixtures have been proposed to be useful for oil spill recovery. From this initial proposal, the area has progressed gradually towards their practical implementation. The advancements and novel concepts in this area are reviewed.
Distinct macrophage phenotypes skewed by local granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) are associated with tissue destruction and intimal hyperplasia in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Jiemy William F , van Sleen Yannick , van der Geest Kornelis SM , ten Berge Hilde A , Abdulahad Wayel H , Sandovici Maria , Boots Annemieke MH , Heeringa Peter , Brouwer Elisabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the presence and spatial distribution of different macrophage phenotypes, governed by granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) skewing signals, in giant cell arteritis (GCA) lesions.MethodsTemporal artery biopsies (TABs, n = 11) from treatment‐naive GCA patients, aorta samples from GCA‐related aneurysms (n = 10) and atherosclerosis (n = 10) were stained by immunohistochemistry targeting selected macrophage phenotypic markers, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors. In vitro macrophage differentiation (n = 10) followed by flow cytometry, Luminex assay and ELISA were performed to assess whether GM‐CSF and M‐CSF are drivers of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity.ResultsA distinct spatial distribution pattern of macrophage phenotypes in TABs was identified. CD206+/MMP‐9+ macrophages were located at the site of tissue destruction, whereas FRβ+ macrophages were located in the inner intima of arteries with high degrees of intimal hyperplasia. Notably, this pattern was also observed in macrophage‐rich areas in GCA aortas but not in atherosclerotic aortas. Flow cytometry showed that GM‐CSF treatment highly upregulated CD206 expression, while FRβ was expressed by M‐CSF‐skewed macrophages, only. Furthermore, localised expression of GM‐CSF and M‐CSF was detected, likely contributing to macrophage heterogeneity in the vascular wall.ConclusionsOur data document a distinct spatial distribution pattern of CD206+/MMP‐9+ macrophages and FRβ+ macrophages in GCA linked to tissue destruction and intimal proliferation, respectively. We suggest that these distinct macrophage phenotypes are skewed by sequential GM‐CSF and M‐CSF signals. Our study adds to a better understanding of the development and functional role of macrophage phenotypes in the pathogenesis of GCA and opens opportunities for the design of macrophage‐targeted therapies.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma cytology: Salivary gland and nonsalivary gland
Authors: Chowsilpa Sayanan , An Daniel , Maleki Zahra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACCA) is an uncommon primary malignancy of salivary glands and rarely nonsalivary tissue. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ACCA on fine needle aspiration (FNA) material and the associated challenges.MethodsA search on electronic pathology database from 2006 to 2016 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital found 83 cytology specimens diagnosed as ACCA, 49 with histology follow‐up.ResultsFifty‐two females and 31 males were found ranging from 37 to 95 years old (mean 62.5). The tumor size was 1 to 11.5 cm (mean 3.4). FNAs were performed on 46 salivary glands (54.88%), 12 head and neck masses (14.45%), 9 lymph nodes (10.84%), 9 tracheas/lungs (10.84%), 4 vaginal/perineum/gluteal masses (4.82%), and one for each kidney, liver and abdominal/pelvic mass (1.21%). 83 FNA diagnoses revealed 3 nondiagnostics (3.61%), 20 neoplasms with unspecified features (24.10%), 30 basaloid neoplasms (36.14%), 18 ACCA (21.69%), and 12 other malignancies (14.46%). The accuracy of FNA in diagnosis of ACCA comparing to histologic follow‐up in 49 cases was 87.5% sensitivity, 66.67% specificity, with 92.11% positive predictive value and 54.55% negative predictive value. The most common mimicker was pleomorphic adenoma.ConclusionACCA can be diagnosed not only in the salivary gland FNAs, but also respiratory tract, intra‐abdominal, kidney, and gynecologic regions. FNA is a preferred technique to assess mass lesions. However, a diagnosis of ACCA on FNA material should be rendered with caution since there are benign and malignant neoplasms with overlapping features. Awareness of prior medical history and ancillary studies can improve the diagnosis.
Clinical performance of the aptima HPV assay in 4196 women with positive high‐risk HPV and ASC‐US cytology: A large women hospital experience
Authors: Wang Tiannan , Pradhan Dinesh , Zhang Huina , Matsko Jonee , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite Aptima assay as the latest US Food Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test has been implemented as an adjunct in cervical cancer screening for years, histological follow‐up data remain limited with respect to its performance in women with ASC‐US Pap tests and positive hrHPV results.MethodsCases with results of ASC‐US cytology and positive hrHPV by Aptima assay during the period 06/ 2015–02/2017 were retrieved from archived pathology reports. Immediate histological follow‐up results were analyzed within 6 months interval after cotesting.ResultsAmong 4196 women with ASC‐US Pap tests and positive hrHPV, 51.1% of them had the immediate histological follow‐up within 6 months. With positive Aptima hrHPV as the adjunct, 46.5% (95%CI 46.2–46.8) of ASC‐US women were found to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 1 (CIN1); 8.8% (95%CI 8.1‐9.5) women were detected CIN2+ lesion including eight adenocarcinoma in‐situ (AIS)s. CIN2+ detection rates were highest in women under 25 (15.4%, n = 65), when comparison with different age cutoffs, younger age women had higher CIN2+ lesion detection rate than that in older group (P <.01).ConclusionThis is by far one of the largest retrospective studies to analyze the histological follow‐up results of ASC‐US women with positive hrHPV tested by Aptima hrHPV mRNA assay. The results indicated that younger women with ASC‐US and positive hrHPV testing have highest risk of developing high grade CIN lesions as compared to the older women. Lastly, with positive HPV as the adjunct, 55.3% (1186/2145) of ASC‐US women will result in the positive finding on histological follow‐up.
Examining day hospital treatment outcomes for sexual minority patients with eating disorders
Authors: Donahue Joseph M. , DeBenedetto Anthony M. , Wierenga Christina E. , Kaye Walter H. , Brown Tiffany A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological data support that sexual minorities (SM) report higher levels of eating pathology. Theories suggest these disparities exist due to stressors specific to belonging to a minority group; however, few studies have specifically explored differences between SM and heterosexual individuals in clinical eating disorder samples. Thus, the present study compared SM and heterosexual patients with eating disorders on demographic characteristics and eating disorder and psychological outcomes during day hospital treatment.MethodPatients (N = 389) completed surveys of eating pathology, mood, anxiety, and skills use at treatment admission, 1‐month post‐admission, discharge, and 6‐month follow‐up. Overall, 19.8% of patients (n = 79) identified as SM, while 8.0% (n = 32) reported not identifying with any sexual orientation. SM were more likely to present across genders (17.7% of females, 24.2% of males, 33.3% of transgender patients, and 87.5% of nonbinary patients).ResultsSM patients were significantly more likely to endorse major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and self‐harm at admission than their heterosexual counterparts. Multilevel models demonstrated that across time, SM patients demonstrated greater eating pathology, emotion dysregulation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Significant interactions between sexual orientation and time were found for eating pathology and emotion dysregulation, such that although SM patients started treatment with higher scores, they improved at a faster rate compared to heterosexual patients.DiscussionConsistent with minority stress theory, SM patients report greater overall eating disorder and comorbid symptoms. Importantly, results do not support that there appear to be significant disparities in treatment outcome for SM patients in this sample of day hospital patients.
A longitudinal examination of body‐checking behaviors and eating disorder pathology in a community sample of adolescent males and females
Authors: Zaitsoff Shannon L. , Pullmer Rachelle , Coelho Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveRelated to the cognitive‐behavioral theory of eating disorders, body checking has gained increasing recognition as both a maintaining factor for eating disorders and an important target for treatment. However, it is unclear whether body‐checking behaviors contribute to the development of disordered eating, or if these behaviors develop as a response to experiencing eating disorder thoughts and behaviors. This study aims to examine the relationships between body‐checking behaviors and eating disordered thoughts and behaviors in adolescent females and males in the community over time.MethodsParticipants included 238 adolescents (n = 104 males, n = 134 females, Mage = 16.5 years) recruited from high schools in British Columbia, Canada, who completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Body Checking Questionnaire at baseline (T1) and again approximately 4 months later (T2).ResultsAfter controlling for baseline levels of eating pathology and body mass index (BMI), body checking at T1 predicted increases in eating pathology for both males and females. In contrast, after controlling for baseline levels of body checking and BMI, eating pathology at T1 did not predict changes in body checking for females, but it did for males. Findings suggest that, among adolescents, engaging in body‐checking behaviors may increase risk for disordered eating.DiscussionIf supported by further research, targeting body‐checking behaviors in prevention programs may be warranted.
The impact of COVID‐19 epidemic on eating disorders: A longitudinal observation of pre versus post psychopathological features in a sample of patients with eating disorders and a group of healthy controls
Authors: Castellini Giovanni , Cassioli Emanuele , Rossi Eleonora , Innocenti Matteo , Gironi Veronica , Sanfilippo Giulia , Felciai Federica , Monteleone Alessio M. , Ricca Valdo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivethe aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 epidemic on Eating Disorders (EDs) patients, considering the role of pre‐existing vulnerabilities.Method74 patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) or Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 97 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated before lockdown (T1) and during lockdown (T2). Patients were also evaluated at the beginning of treatment (T0). Questionnaires were collected to assess psychopathology, childhood trauma, attachment style, and COVID‐19‐related post‐traumatic symptoms.ResultsA different trend between patients and HCs was observed only for pathological eating behaviors. Patients experienced increased compensatory exercise during lockdown; BN patients also exacerbated binge eating. Lockdown interfered with treatment outcomes: the descending trend of ED‐specific psychopathology was interrupted during the epidemic in BN patients. Previously remitted patients showed re‐exacerbation of binge eating after lockdown. Household arguments and fear for the safety of loved ones predicted increased symptoms during the lockdown. BN patients reported more severe COVID‐19‐related post‐traumatic symptomatology than AN and HCs, and these symptoms were predicted by childhood trauma and insecure attachment.DiscussionCOVID‐19 epidemic significantly impacted on EDs, both in terms of post‐traumatic symptomatology and interference with the recovery process. Individuals with early trauma or insecure attachment were particularly vulnerable.
Gaining “The Quarantine 15:” Perceived versus observed weight changes in college students in the wake of COVID‐19
Authors: Keel Pamela K. , Gomez Marielle M. , Harris Lauren , Kennedy Grace A. , Ribeiro Jessica , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAmidst restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19, jokes have surfaced regarding weight gain during the pandemic. The current study documents perceived changes since COVID‐19 and compares these to observed longitudinal changes in reported weight, BMI, and how college students described their weight from January to April 2020.MethodUndergraduates (N = 90; 88% female) completed on‐line assessments before and after students were required to leave campus due to COVID‐19. Time 1 and Time 2 surveys collected demographic information, height, weight, and a Likert‐scale rating to describe perceived weight, ranging from 1 = very underweight to 5 = very overweight (weight description). Time 2 surveys added questions for perceived changes since COVID‐19 in body weight, eating, physical activity, various forms of screen time, and concerns about weight, shape, and eating.ResultsTime 2 surveys indicated perceived increases in body weight, eating, and screen time, and decreases in physical activity along with increased concerns about weight, shape and eating since COVID‐19. Longitudinal data indicated no significant change in weight, body mass index (BMI), or BMI category, but how participants described their weight changed significantly from January to April 2020. Compared to longitudinal changes in BMI category, students' weight description was significantly more likely to fall into a higher category from Time 1 to Time 2.DiscussionShifts in how body weight is experienced in the wake of COVID‐19 that do not align with observed changes in reported weight may reflect cognitive distortions that could increase risk for disordered eating in some individuals.