bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cell aspect ratio and relative density on deformation response and failure of honeycomb core structure
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman , Rahimian Koloor Seyed Saeid , Tamin Mohd Nasir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The extensive applications of honeycomb (HC) core in sandwich structures necessitates the influence of the cellular geometry and cell wall base material on the mechanical response to be quantified. In this respect, this paper establishes the mechanics of the deformation and the failure processes of the HC core under the out-of-plane compressive, tensile, and shear loading. The corresponding mechanical properties are determined and the mechanisms of failure of the HC core structure are identified. The influence of the relative density (ρ*/ρ

s
) and the cell aspect ratio (H/c) of the hexagonal HC core on the compressive deformation response, the out-of-plane properties and the characteristic dissipation energy density (DED) of the structure is established. Results show that the compressive strength increases exponentially from 1.5 to 10.6 MPa over the relative density range of 0.028 ≤ (ρ*/ρ

s
) ≤ 0.125. The out-of-plane shear modulus, G
13 and G
23 are 33.9 and 58.2 MPa, while the shear strength, τ
13 and τ
23 are 1.07 and 2.03 MPa, respectively. The HC core with a low aspect ratio (H/c < 2.64) failed due to the early debonding of the double-wall hexagonal cells, while at H/c ≥ 2.64, by elastic buckling of the cells. A phenomenological model is formulated to highlight the combined effects of both parameters on the compressive strength (σ

c
) of the HC cores, covering the range of 0.028 ≤ (ρ*/ρ

s
) ≤ 0.056 and 2.5 ≤ (H/c) ≤ 5.62. Furthermore, the characteristic dissipation energy density (DED) under the out-of-plane compression varies linearly within the range of 2.5 < (H/c) < 5.62 for the HC core with ρ*/ρ

s
= 0.056. The HC core with H/c = 3.96, but with twice higher ρ*/ρ

s
exhibits about twice larger DED. These resulting properties and failure mechanisms of the anisotropic paper-based HC core are useful for the validation of the predictive computational models.
Phased array ultrasonic testing of micro-flaws in additive manufactured titanium block
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Li Wentao , Li Yang , Zhou Zhenggan , Zhang Junjie , Zhu Fengjin , Miao Zhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
While titanium components manufactured by additive manufacturing have been widely used in direct molding of complex components, their performance is strongly affected by existing internal flaws generated in the unique manufacturing process. Thus, how to efficiently and accurately characterize geometrical characteristics of internal flaws is critical for enhancing applications of additive manufactured titanium components. In the present work, an effective non-destructive method by using phased array ultrasonic testing is proposed to characterize sub-millimeter artificial deep bottom holes in additive manufactured TC18 titanium block. Specifically, a phased array ultrasonic testing platform integrated with total focusing method-based post-processing algorithm is established. Flat bottom holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a depth of 5.0 mm in 55 mm-sized cube titanium block are detected using both linear and annular array transducers. Experimental results show that pre-existing holes can be characterized by both linear and annular transducers, in despite of accompanied high acoustic attenuation. Furthermore, the annular phased array ultrasonic testing has higher detection accuracy and resolution than the linear phased array one, for its stronger capability of sound field focusing. More importantly, the annular phased array ultrasonic testing shows similar high testing accuracy in different relative orientations between forming orientation of the titanium component and sound wave propagation direction. These findings provide an effective strategy for the non-destructive ultrasonic testing of titanium components by additive manufacturing.
Batch to batch variation study for biodiesel production by hydrothermal carbon catalyst: preparation, characterization and its application
Authors: Memon Safia S , Memon Najma , Memon Shahabuddin , Lachgar Abdesaddek , Memon Abdullah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the esterification of oleic acid with methanol was studied in batch to batch method over hydrothermal carbon catalyst (HTCC) from Ziziphus Mauritiana L.. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and BET analysis. The surface area and acid density of prepared HTCC were found to be 15.97 m2 g−1 and 2.53 mmol g−1, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA, mean, standard deviation and variance method. Statistically there is no significant difference among the means of the 4 variables at the 95% confidence level and the P-value of the F-test is equal to or greater than the 0.05. The maximum oleic acid conversions from methanol were obtained upto 91%. Furthermore, reusability and regeneration study were also carried out to assess to check catalytic performance. The study reveals that HTCC obtained from Ziziphus Mauritiana L. is an excellent catalyst and can be used for esterification of oleic acid to produce biodiesel.
Microwave assisted synthesis of zinc vanadate nanoparticles and photocatalytic application
Authors: Iqbal M , Fatima M , Javed T , Anam A , Nazir A , Kanwal Q , Shehzadi Z , Khan M I , Nisar J , Abbas M , Naz S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the nanotechnology has gained much attention since the nanoparticles (NPs) have applications in every field of life. The hetero-structured are of special interest due to their higher photocatalytic activity. In present investigation, Zinc vanadate NPs were synthesized from vanadium and zinc salts by microwave assisted precipitation method. The Zinc vanadate NPs were characterized by x-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible techniques. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) was evaluated by degrading the methylene blue (MB) dye and process variables were optimized. The Zinc vanadate size was <100 nm and particles were in aggregates form. The MB dye degradation was performed at different conditions of process variables and it was observed that MB dye was significantly degraded using Zinc vanadate NPs under UV light irradiation. The reaction time, catalyst dose and dye initial concentration showed variable effect on dye degradation. Based on results, it can be concluded that the microwave irradiation is viable for the synthesis of Zinc vanadate NPs for photocatalytic activity. In view of promising efficiency of Zinc vanadate NPs, it can be used for the dye degradation and for the remediation of textile effluents.
The effect of precursor concentration and post-deposition annealing on the optical and micro-structural properties of SILAR deposited SnO2 films
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Rao Gowrish K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Uniform and well-adherent SnO2 thin films, with thickness ranging from 60 nm to 6 μm, were deposited on borosilicate glass substrate by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique. A micro-controlled SILAR unit was employed to precisely monitor the deposition conditions. The effect of precursor concentration and post-deposition annealing on the micro-structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films were studied in detail. The films were found to possess tetragonal rutile structure. The crystallite size of the films increased with solution molarity. Microstructural properties were analyzed using Scherrer, Modified Scherrer, Williamsons-Hall and Size-Strain plot techniques. Different optical properties such as band gap, skin depth, extinction coefficient, Urbach energy etc were determined. The post-deposition annealing at a moderate temperature of 573 K was found to enhance the crystallite size of the films while the density of the defect energy states reduced.
Relation between solutions of the Schrödinger equation with transitioning resonance solutions of the gravitational three-body problem
Authors: Belbruno Edward 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is shown that a class of approximate resonance solutions in the three-body problem under the Newtonian gravitational force are equivalent to quantized solutions of a modified Schrödinger equation for a wide range of masses that transition between energy states. In the macroscopic scale, the resonance solutions are shown to transition from one resonance type to another through weak capture at one of the bodies, while in the Schrödinger equation, one obtains quantized wave solutions transitioning between different energies. The resonance transition dynamics provides a classical model of a particle moving between different energy states in the Schrödinger equation. This methodology provides a connection between celestial and quantum mechanics.
Improving Augmented Human Intelligence to Distinguish Burkitt Lymphoma From Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cases
Authors: Mohlman Jeffrey S , Leventhal Samuel D , Hansen Taft , Kohan Jessica , Pascucci Valerio , Salama Mohamed E 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and improve the assistive role of a deep, densely connected convolutional neural network (CNN) to hematopathologists in differentiating histologic images of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).MethodsA total of 10,818 images from BL (n = 34) and DLBCL (n = 36) cases were used to either train or apply different CNNs. Networks differed by number of training images and pixels of images, absence of color, pixel and staining augmentation, and depth of the network, among other parameters.ResultsCases classified correctly were 17 of 18 (94%), nine with 100% of images correct by the best performing network showing a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis area under the curve 0.92 for both DLBCL and BL. The best performing CNN used all available training images, two random subcrops per image of 448 × 448 pixels, random H&E staining image augmentation, random horizontal flipping of images, random alteration of contrast, reduction on validation error plateau of 15 epochs, block size of six, batch size of 32, and depth of 22. Other networks and decreasing training images had poorer performance.ConclusionsCNNs are promising augmented human intelligence tools for differentiating a subset of BL and DLBCL cases.
ABEMUS: platform-specific and data-informed detection of somatic SNVs in cfDNA
Authors: Casiraghi Nicola , Orlando Francesco , Ciani Yari , Xiang Jenny , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Attard Gerhardt , Beltran Himisha , Demichelis Francesca , Romanel Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The use of liquid biopsies for cancer patients enables the non-invasive tracking of treatment response and tumor dynamics through single or serial blood drawn tests. Next-generation sequencing assays allow for the simultaneous interrogation of extended sets of somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a mixture of DNA molecules originating both from normal and tumor tissue cells. However, low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fractions together with sequencing background noise and potential tumor heterogeneity challenge the ability to confidently call SNVs.

Results
We present a computational methodology, called Adaptive Base Error Model in Ultra-deep Sequencing data (ABEMUS), which combines platform-specific genetic knowledge and empirical signal to readily detect and quantify somatic SNVs in cfDNA. We tested the capability of our method to analyze data generated using different platforms with distinct sequencing error properties and we compared ABEMUS performances with other popular SNV callers on both synthetic and real cancer patients sequencing data. Results show that ABEMUS performs better in most of the tested conditions proving its reliability in calling low variant allele frequencies somatic SNVs in low ctDNA levels plasma samples.

Availability and implementation
ABEMUS is cross-platform and can be installed as R package. The source code is maintained on Github at http://github.com/cibiobcg/abemus, and it is also available at CRAN official R repository.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NCAM2 Regulates Dendritic and Axonal Differentiation through the Cytoskeletal Proteins MAP2 and 14-3-3
Authors: Parcerisas Antoni , Pujadas Lluís , Ortega-Gascó Alba , Perelló-Amorós Bartomeu , Viais Ricardo , Hino Keiko , Figueiro-Silva Joana , La Torre Anna , Trullás Ramón , Simó Sergi , Lüders Jens , Soriano Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is involved in the development and plasticity of the olfactory system. Genetic data have implicated the NCAM2 gene in neurodevelopmental disorders including Down syndrome and autism, although its role in cortical development is unknown. Here, we show that while overexpression of NCAM2 in hippocampal neurons leads to minor alterations, its downregulation severely compromises dendritic architecture, leading to an aberrant phenotype including shorter dendritic trees, retraction of dendrites, and emergence of numerous somatic neurites. Further, our data reveal alterations in the axonal tree and deficits in neuronal polarization. In vivo studies confirm the phenotype and reveal an unexpected role for NCAM2 in cortical migration. Proteomic and cell biology experiments show that NCAM2 molecules exert their functions through a protein complex with the cytoskeletal-associated proteins MAP2 and 14-3-3γ and ζ. We provide evidence that NCAM2 depletion results in destabilization of the microtubular network and reduced MAP2 signal. Our results demonstrate a role for NCAM2 in dendritic formation and maintenance, and in neural polarization and migration, through interaction of NCAM2 with microtubule-associated proteins.
Correlation Between Immunoglobulin Dose Administered and Plasma Neutralization of Streptococcal Superantigens in Patients With Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Bergsten Helena , Madsen Martin Bruun , Bergey Francois , Hyldegaard Ole , Skrede Steinar , Arnell Per , Oppegaard Oddvar , Itzek Andreas , Perner Anders , Svensson Mattias , Norrby-Teglund Anna ,   INFECT Study Group, Nekludov Michael , Kjellberg Anders , Bruun Trond , Nedrebø Torbjørn , Skutlaberg Dag Harald , Babbar Anshu , RosÃ©n Anders , Martins dos Santos Vitor A P , Nekludov Michael , Kjellberg Anders , Bruun Trond , Nedrebø Torbjørn , Skutlaberg Dag Harald , Babbar Anshu , RosÃ©n Anders , Martins dos Santos Vitor A P 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnalyses of plasma collected pre- and postadministration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from patients with group A Streptococcus necrotizing soft tissue infections demonstrated a negative correlation between IVIG dose and toxin-triggered T-cell proliferation (r = −.67, P &lt; .0001). One 25-g IVIG dose was sufficient to yield plasma-neutralizing activity against streptococcal superantigens.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT 01790698 and NCT02111161.
The Asylum Hump: Why Country Income Level Predicts New Asylum Seekers, But Not New Refugees
Authors: Ruhe Constantin , Martin-Shields Charles , Groß Lisa Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Refugee response has become an important topic in economic-development policy, but the majority of macro-level analyses do not find an association between country income level and refugee numbers. We argue that the apparent lack of association stems from using the United Nations High Commission for Refugees’ count of refugees as the dependent variable in these analyses. Refugee counts reflect processes that take place in countries of arrival. In contrast, the decision to seek asylum may be more closely linked to conditions, including income, in countries of origin. Drawing on the ‘migration-hump’ concept from economic migration, we model counts of refugees and asylum seekers from conflict-affected countries for the same time period and find that differences in the level of gross domestic product (GDP) predict new asylum applications but not new refugee numbers. We outline reasons for this statistical finding, and discuss theoretical and practical consequences for our understanding of the relationship between country income and asylum-seeking.
Photometric, kinematic, and variability study in the young open cluster NGC 1960
Authors: Joshi Y C , Maurya J , John A A , Panchal A , Joshi S , Kumar B 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive photometric analysis of a young open cluster NGC 1960 (= M36) along with the long-term variability study of this cluster. Based on the kinematic data of Gaia DR2, the membership probabilities of 3871 stars are ascertained in the cluster field among which 262 stars are found to be cluster members. Considering the kinematic and trigonometric measurements of the cluster members, we estimate a mean cluster parallax of 0.86 ± 0.05 mas and mean proper motions of μRA = −0.143 ± 0.008 mas yr−1 and μDec. = −3.395 ± 0.008 mas yr−1. We obtain basic parameters of the cluster such as E(B − V) = 0.24 ± 0.02 mag, log(Age/yr) = 7.44 ± 0.02, and d = 1.17 ± 0.06 kpc. The mass function slope in the cluster for the stars in the mass range of 0.72–7.32 M⊙ is found to be γ = −1.26 ± 0.19. We find that mass segregation is still taking place in the cluster which is yet to be dynamically relaxed. This work also presents first high-precision variability survey in the central 13 arcmin × 13 arcmin region of the cluster. The V-band photometric data accumulated on 43 nights over a period of more than 3 yr reveals 76 variable stars among which 72 are periodic variables. Among them, 59 are short period (P &lt; 1 d) and 13 are long period (P &gt; 1 d). The variable stars have V magnitudes ranging between 9.1 to 19.4 mag and periods between 41 min and 10.74 d. On the basis of their locations in the H–R diagram, periods, and characteristic light curves, 20 periodic variables belong to the cluster are classified as 2 δ-Scuti, 3 γ-Dor, 2 slowly pulsating B stars, 5 rotational variables, 2 non-pulsating B stars, and 6 as miscellaneous variables.
Direct parameter inference from global EoR signal with Bayesian statistics
Authors: Gu Junhua , Wang Jingying 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In the observation of sky-averaged $\mathrm{H\, \small{I}}$ signal from Epoch of Reionization (EoR), model parameter inference can be a computation-intensive work, which makes it hard to perform a direct one-stage model parameter inference by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method in Bayesian framework. Instead, a two-stage inference is usually used, i.e. the parameters of some characteristic points on the EoR spectrum model are first estimated, which are then used as the input to estimate physical model parameters further. However, some previous works had noticed that this kind of method could bias results, and it could be meaningful to answer the question of whether it is feasible to perform direct one-stage MCMC sampling and obtain unbiased physical model parameter estimations. In this work, we studied this problem and confirmed the feasibility. We find that unbiased estimations to physical model parameters can be obtained with a one-stage direct MCMC sampling method. We also study the influence of some factors that should be considered in practical observations to model parameter inference. We find that a very tiny amplifier gain calibration error (10−5 relative error) with complex spectral structures can significantly bias the parameter estimation; the frequency-dependent antenna beam and geographical position can also influence the results, so that should be carefully handled.
Cosmological signatures of dark sector physics: the evolution of haloes and spin alignment
Authors: Jibrail Absem W , Elahi Pascal J , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The standard cosmological paradigm currently lacks a detailed account of physics in the dark sector, the dark matter and energy that dominate cosmic evolution. In this paper, we consider the distinguishing factors between three alternative models – warm dark matter, quintessence, and coupled dark matter–energy – and lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) through numerical simulations of cosmological structure formation. Key halo statistics – halo spin/velocity alignment between large-scale structure and neighbouring haloes, halo formation time, and migration – were compared across cosmologies within the redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 2.98. We found the alignment of halo motion and spin to large-scale structures and neighbouring haloes to be similar in all cosmologies for a range of redshifts. The search was extended to low-density regions, avoiding non-linear disturbances of halo spins, yet very similar alignment trends were found between cosmologies, which are difficult to characterize and use as a probe of cosmology. We found that haloes in quintessence cosmologies form earlier than their ΛCDM counterparts. Relating this to the fact that such haloes originate in high-density regions, such findings could hold clues to distinguishing factors for the quintessence cosmology from the standard model. However, in general, halo statistics are not an accurate probe of the dark sector physics.
Gliomas display distinct sex-based differential methylation patterns based on molecular subtype
Authors: Johansen Mette L , Stetson L C , Vadmal Vachan , Waite Kristin , Berens Michael E , Connor James R , Lathia Justin , Rubin Joshua B , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and one of many cancers where males are diagnosed with greater frequency than females. However, little is known about the sex-based molecular differences in glioblastomas (GBMs) or lower grade glioma (non-GBM) subtypes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in regulating gene transcription. In glioma and other cancers, hypermethylation of specific gene promoters downregulates transcription and may have a profound effect on patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-based methylation differences exist in different glioma subtypes.

Methods
Molecular and clinical data from glioma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and grouped according to tumor grade and molecular subtype (IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q chromosomal deletion). Sex-specific differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified in each subtype and further analyzed to determine if they were part of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or associated with differentially methylated DNA transcription regulatory binding motifs.

Results
Analysis of methylation data in 4 glioma subtypes revealed unique sets of both sex-specific DMPs and DMRs in each subtype. Motif analysis based on DMP position also identified distinct sex-based sets of DNA-binding motifs that varied according to glioma subtype. Downstream targets of 2 of the GBM-specific transcription binding sites, NFAT5 and KLF6, showed differential gene expression consistent with increased methylation mediating downregulation.

Conclusion
DNA methylation differences between males and females in 4 glioma molecular subtypes suggest an important, sex-specific role for DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation of gliomagenesis.