bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water exchange in a large river–lake system: Modeling, characteristics and causes
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Mao Jingqiao , Hu Tengfei , Dai Lingquan , Xu Diandian , Dai Huichao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRiver–lake water exchange reflects hydrological connectivity and the dynamic relationship between the river and the lake. The water exchange is crucial for lake level variation, downstream river discharge and the ecosystem. To figure out the water exchange between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, a data‐driven model was established based on the support vector regression and genetic algorithm technique. Nine scenarios were set with different river–lake hydrological conditions, divided into two categories: single‐element change scenarios, where only the river conditions or only the lake conditions changed, and combined scenarios, where both elements changed simultaneously. The model could accurately simulate the river–lake water exchange variations. Scenario simulation results show that increasing the river flow or lowering the lake level could cause a decrease in the lake outflow. Conversely, decreasing river flow or raising the lake level could cause an increase in lake outflow. Changing lake conditions have a stronger impact on the water exchange variation than changing river conditions if the change percentages of the situation indicator values are the same. Similarly, lake level increase has a stronger impact on the water exchange variation than lake level decrease. The combined scenarios indicate the additive effect of the corresponding single‐element change scenarios, with a clear linear relationship between their lake outflow changes. This study provides an efficient model for simulating complex hydrological flow relationships in river–lake systems, and supports the management of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake by providing the characteristics and causes of the river–lake water exchange.
Cholesterol interaction motifs in G protein‐coupled receptors: Slippery hot spots?
Authors: Sarkar Parijat , Chattopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell membrane associated signaling hubs that orchestrate a multitude of cellular functions upon binding to a diverse variety of extracellular ligands. Since GPCRs are integral membrane proteins with seven‐transmembrane domain architecture, their function, organization and dynamics are intimately regulated by membrane lipids, such as cholesterol. Cholesterol is an extensively studied lipids in terms of its effects on GPCR structure and function. One of the possible mechanisms underlying modulation of GPCR function by cholesterol is via specific interaction of GPCRs with membrane cholesterol. These interactions of GPCRs with membrane cholesterol are often attributed to structural features of GPCRs that could facilitate their preferential association with cholesterol. In this backdrop, cholesterol interaction motifs represent putative interaction sites on GPCRs that could facilitate cholesterol‐sensitive function of these receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of cholesterol interaction motifs found in GPCRs, which have been identified through a combination of crystallography, bioinformatics analysis, and functional studies. In addition, we will highlight, using specific examples, why mere presence of a cholesterol interaction motif at a given site may not directly implicate its role in interaction with membrane cholesterol. We therefore believe that experimental approaches, followed by functional analysis of cholesterol sensitivity of GPCRs, would provide a better understanding of the role played by these motifs in cholesterol‐sensitive function. We envision that a comprehensive knowledge of cholesterol interaction sites in GPCRs would allow us to develop a better understanding of GPCR structure‐function paradigm, and could be useful in future therapeutics.This article is categorized under:
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Analysis and control of shear flow over a rotating plate in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Reza Motahar , Raja Sekhar G. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShear flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past a uniformly rotating infinite impermeable flat plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated. The flow is assumed to be governed by Navier‐Stokes equations augmented with an applied magnetic field. Solutions of the corresponding equations are analyzed. It is noted that due to shear flow over a rotating plate, the problem has no axisymmetric solutions. But it is interesting to note that this problem has no unique solution for the secondary velocity components. It is remarkable to note that Navier‐Stokes equations for this problem admit a one parameter family of solutions. Inside the boundary layer, the momentum transfer of the outer shear flow is dominated by the pressure gradient. The secondary velocity component along x‐axis is a linear combination of velocity due to shear and translation. However, it is noted that the contribution from the shear dominates. It is observed that the primary and secondary velocity components can be controlled by the applied magnetic field. It is also found that the torque exerted by the fluid on the plate is influenced by the applied magnetic field but independent of the shear in the external flow.
A note on Faddeev-Popov action for doubled-yet-gauged particle and graded Poisson geometry
Authors: Basile Thomas , Joung Euihun , Park Jeong-Hyuck 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe section condition of Double Field Theory has been argued to mean that doubled coordinates are gauged: a gauge orbit represents a single physical point. In this note, we consider a doubled and at the same time gauged particle action, and show that its BRST formulation including Faddeev-Popov ghosts matches with the graded Poisson geometry that has been recently used to describe the symmetries of Double Field Theory. Besides, by requiring target spacetime diffeomorphisms at the quantum level, we derive quantum corrections to the classical action involving dilaton, which might be comparable with the Fradkin-Tseytlin term on string worldsheet.
The holographic dual of strongly γ-deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory: derivation, generalization, integrability and discrete reparametrization symmetry
Authors: Gromov Nikolay , Sever Amit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recently, we constructed the first-principle derivation of the holographic dual of planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM in the double-scaled γ-deformed limit directly from the CFT side. The dual fishchain model is a novel integrable chain of particles in AdS5. It can be viewed as a discretized string and revives earlier string-bit approaches. The original derivation was restricted to the operators built out of one of two types of scalar fields. In this paper, we extend our results to the general operators having any number of scalars of both types, except for a very special case when their numbers are equal. Interestingly, the extended model reveals a new discrete reparametrization symmetry of the “world-sheet”, preserving all integrals of motion. We use integrability to formulate a closed system of equations, which allows us to solve for the spectrum of the model in full generality, and present non-perturbative numerical results. We show that our results are in agreement with the Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz of the fishnet model up to the wrapping order at weak coupling.
SYK correlators for all energies
Authors: Streicher Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, a theory ofNMajorana fermions withq-body interactions (a.k.a.q-local), becomes in the largeqlimit a conformally-broken Liouville field theory. Taking this limit preserves many interesting properties of the model, yet makes the theory as a whole much more tractable. Accordingly, we produce novel expressions for the two and four-point correlators at arbitrary temperature and find the surprising result they take a universal closed form. We note that these expressions correctly match onto and interpolate between previously-obtained low-energy results and simple high-energy perturbative checks. We find that the time-ordered four-point correlators are always determined by finite temperature OPEs into the identity and Hamiltonian, while the out-of-time-order four-point correlators remain nontrivial and always scramble. This has only been established in the conformal limit, so to find that it holds for largeqat all temperatures/couplings is a nontrivial result. Finally, we determine the system’s thermalization and scrambling rates and find that they always agree, regardless of temperature. This adds to the increasing body of evidence that there exists simple underlying structures in the dynamics ofq-local systems, such as those formed by SYK’s epidemic operator growth.
Synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and septin accumulation are linked to complement-mediated synapse loss in an Alzheimer’s disease animal model
Authors: Györffy Balázs A. , Tóth Vilmos , Török György , Gulyássy Péter , Kovács Réka Á. , Vadászi Henrietta , Micsonai András , Tóth Melinda E. , Sántha Miklós , Homolya László , Drahos László , Juhász Gábor , Kékesi Katalin A. , Kardos József 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynaptic functional disturbances with concomitant synapse loss represent central pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Excessive accumulation of cytotoxic amyloid oligomers is widely recognized as a key event that underlies neurodegeneration. Certain complement components are crucial instruments of widespread synapse loss because they can tag synapses with functional impairments leading to their engulfment by microglia. However, an exact understanding of the affected synaptic functions that predispose to complement-mediated synapse elimination is lacking. Therefore, we conducted systematic proteomic examinations on synaptosomes prepared from an amyloidogenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1). Synaptic fractions were separated according to the presence of the C1q-tag using fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting and subjected to proteomic comparisons. The results raised the decline of mitochondrial functions in the C1q-tagged synapses of APP/PS1 mice based on enrichment analyses, which was verified using flow cytometry. Additionally, proteomics results revealed extensive alterations in the level of septin protein family members, which are known to dynamically form highly organized pre- and postsynaptic supramolecular structures, thereby affecting synaptic transmission. High-resolution microscopy investigations demonstrated that synapses with considerable amounts of septin-3 and septin-5 show increased accumulation of C1q in APP/PS1 mice compared to the wild-type ones. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was apparent between synaptic septin-3 levels and C1q deposition as revealed via flow cytometry and confocal microscopy examinations. In sum, our results imply that deterioration of synaptic mitochondrial functions and alterations in the organization of synaptic septins are associated with complement-dependent synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease.
Nectar preferences in male bumblebees
Authors: Brown M. , Brown M. J. F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial insect males are relatively understudied, but knowledge of their biology is increasingly important for conservation of declining groups. Bumblebees are important pollinators in temperate, sub-arctic, and Alpine regions, but many species are in decline across the globe. Agri-environment schemes have been designed to support female bumblebees, but free-living males may also need support. Male bumblebees have an energetically expensive lifestyle, and so understanding their foraging choices may provide a first step towards designing interventions to support them in the wild. Using a series of controlled laboratory choice experiments, we demonstrate that males prefer sugar concentrations of between 50 and 60% when under either simple (binary) or complex (octanary) choice conditions when presented with a broad range of sugar concentrations. When presented with concentrations within this preferred range, males exhibit a clear preference for sugar solutions of 56% w/w sucrose when solutions differ by 4%. These results suggest that males maximise their rate of energy intake, as predicted by theoretical models, rather than minimise their water consumption. In the future, male preferences for high sugar concentrations can be combined with knowledge of baseline nectar concentrations and flower phenology to maximise the value of conservation interventions for this neglected sex.
Spirituelle Bedürfnisse von Patienten eines Notfallzentrums
Authors: Frick E. , Büssing A. , Rodrigues Recchia D. , Härtl K. , Beivers A. , Wapler C. , Dodt C. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSpirituelle Bedürfnisse (spB) sind von einer religiösen Gebundenheit prinzipiell unabhängige wichtige Elemente des menschlichen Wesens. Sie können in Belastungssituationen, die z. B. durch das akute Auftreten einer Erkrankung ausgelöst werden, eine Ressource zur Bewältigung der Situation sein. Notaufnahmen sind Bereiche des Krankenhauses mit hoher medizinischer Leistungsdichte, was für Notfallpatienten eine besondere Unsicherheit hervorruft. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals das Vorliegen spiritueller Bedürfnisse eines Kollektivs von Patienten eines Notfallzentrums.MethodenInsgesamt 383 von 479 kontaktierten Patienten füllten die deutschsprachige Version des Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ-20) aus und stimmten der Erhebung demographischer und klinischer Daten zu. Die Auswertung umfasste deskriptive Statistiken, Korrelationsanalysen, univariate sowie multiple Varianzanalysen.ErgebnisseBedürfnisse nach innerem Frieden und generative Bedürfnisse (etwas weitergeben, etwas für andere tun) waren stärker ausgeprägt als religiöse (rB) und existenzielle (eB) Bedürfnisse. Es fanden sich keine Zusammenhänge zwischen spB einerseits und Grund der Konsultation, Schweregrad und Anzahl der Komorbiditäten andererseits. Das Alter spielte keine ausschlaggebende Rolle; vielmehr waren die vorhandenen Bedürfnisse, insbesondere die rB, bei Frauen signifikant stärker ausgeprägt als bei Männern.SchlussfolgerungAuch in einer Notfallsituation sind Menschen bereit, ihre spirituellen Bedürfnisse zu äußern. Die frühzeitige Erhebung in einer Notaufnahme erfasst auch nichtmedizinische wichtige Aspekte des kranken Menschen und erlaubt die Berücksichtigung der erfassten Bedürfnisse. Ob das auf den weiteren Behandlungsverlauf und das Wohlbefinden der Patienten einen Einfluss hat, müssen weitere Studien klären.
Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie – soziodemografische Merkmale und Vergleiche mit der autochthonen deutschen Bevölkerung
Authors: Wiessner Christian , Keil Thomas , Krist Lilian , Zeeb Hajo , Dragano Nico , Schmidt Börge , Ahrens Wolfgang , Berger Klaus , Castell Stefanie , Fricke Julia , Führer Amand , Gastell Sylvia , Greiser Halina , Guo Feng , Jaeschke Lina , Jochem Carmen , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Kaaks Rudolf , Koch-Gallenkamp Lena , Krause Gérard , Kuss Oliver , Legath Nicole , Leitzmann Michael , Lieb Wolfgang , Meinke-Franze Claudia , Meisinger Christa , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Obi Nadia , Pischon Tobias , Schipf Sabine , Schmoor Claudia , Schramm Sara , Schulze Matthias B. , Sowarka Nicole , Waniek Sabina , Wigmann Claudia , Willich Stefan N. , Becher Heiko 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPersonen mit Migrationshintergrund (PmM) unterscheiden sich als Bevölkerungsgruppe hinsichtlich Morbidität, Mortalität und Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems meist von der autochthonen Bevölkerung, sie nehmen jedoch seltener an Gesundheitsstudien teil. Die Gruppe der PmM ist sehr heterogen, was in Studien bisher kaum berücksichtigt wird.Ziel der ArbeitEs werden soziodemografische Charakteristika der PmM in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie (Alter, Geschlecht, Zeit seit Migration, Bildung) dargestellt. Zudem wird exemplarisch untersucht, ob der Migrationshintergrund mit der Nutzung des Angebots zur Früherkennung von Darmkrebs (Hämoccult-Test) zusammenhängt.MethodenDaten der ersten 101.816 Teilnehmenden der NAKO wurden deskriptiv und kartografisch ausgewertet. Die Zuweisung des Migrationshintergrunds erfolgte anhand der Definition des Statistischen Bundesamts und basiert auf Staatsangehörigkeit, Geburtsland, Einreisejahr und Geburtsland der Eltern.ErgebnisseDer Anteil der PmM liegt bei 16,0 %. Die Verteilung über die 18 Studienzentren variiert zwischen 6 % (Neubrandenburg) und 33 % (Düsseldorf). Mit 153 Herkunftsländern sind in der NAKO die meisten Länder vertreten. Bei allen Variablen zeigen sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Herkunftsregionen. Am Hämoccult-Test nehmen türkeistämmige Personen (OR = 0,67) und Aussiedler aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion (OR = 0,60) seltener teil. PmM, die in Deutschland geboren sind, unterscheiden sich diesbezüglich nicht von der autochthonen Bevölkerung (OR = 0,99).DiskussionPmM in der NAKO sind eine sehr heterogene Gruppe. Jedoch lassen sich aufgrund der Stichprobengröße einzelne Untergruppen der PmM hinsichtlich ihrer Herkunftsregion separat untersuchen.
Influence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy on cardiac repolarisation during incremental adrenaline infusion in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bernjak Alan , Chow Elaine , Robinson Emma J. , Freeman Jenny , Marques Jefferson L. B. , Macdonald Ian A. , Sheridan Paul J. , Heller Simon R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We examined the effect of a standardised sympathetic stimulus, incremental adrenaline (epinephrine) infusion on cardiac repolarisation in individuals with type 1 diabetes with normal autonomic function, subclinical autonomic neuropathy and established autonomic neuropathy.

Methods
Ten individuals with normal autonomic function and baroreceptor sensitivity tests (NAF), seven with subclinical autonomic neuropathy (SAN; normal standard autonomic function tests and abnormal baroreceptor sensitivity tests); and five with established cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN; abnormal standard autonomic function and baroreceptor tests) underwent an incremental adrenaline infusion. Saline (0.9% NaCl) was infused for the first hour followed by 0.01 μg kg−1 min−1 and 0.03 μg kg−1 min−1 adrenaline for the second and third hours, respectively, and 0.06 μg kg−1 min−1 for the final 30 min. High resolution ECG monitoring for QTc duration, ventricular repolarisation parameters (T wave amplitude, T wave area symmetry ratio) and blood sampling for potassium and catecholamines was performed every 30 min.

Results
Baseline heart rate was 68 (95% CI 60, 76) bpm for the NAF group, 73 (59, 87) bpm for the SAN group and 84 (78, 91) bpm for the CAN group. During adrenaline infusion the heart rate increased differently across the groups (p = 0.01). The maximum increase from baseline (95% CI) in the CAN group was 22 (13, 32) bpm compared with 11 (7, 15) bpm in the NAF and 10 (3, 18) bpm in the SAN groups. Baseline QTc was 382 (95% CI 374, 390) ms in the NAF, 378 (363, 393) ms in the SAN and 392 (367, 417) ms in the CAN groups (p = 0.31). QTc in all groups lengthened comparably with adrenaline infusion. The longest QTc was 444 (422, 463) ms (NAF), 422 (402, 437) ms (SAN) and 470 (402, 519) ms (CAN) (p = 0.09). T wave amplitude and T wave symmetry ratio decreased and the maximum decrease occurred earlier, at lower infused adrenaline concentrations in the CAN group compared with NAF and SAN groups. AUC for the symmetry ratio was different across the groups and was lowest in the CAN group (p = 0.04). Plasma adrenaline rose and potassium fell comparably in all groups.

Conclusions/interpretation
Participants with CAN showed abnormal repolarisation in some measures at lower adrenaline concentrations. This may be due to denervation adrenergic hypersensitivity. Such individuals may be at greater risk of cardiac arrhythmias in response to physiological sympathoadrenal challenges such as stress or hypoglycaemia.
Versorgungsrelevante Daten einer interdisziplinären Sprechstunde für endokrine Orbitopathie
Authors: Ponto Katharina A. , v. d. Osten-Sacken Sara , Elflein Heike , Koutsimpelas Dimitrios , Pfeiffer Norbert , Kahaly George J. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die endokrine Orbitopathie (EO) geht mit funktionellen Einschränkungen und einer ästhetischen Belastung einher. Ziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit EO an einem interdisziplinären Schwerpunktzentrum.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Auswertung der interdisziplinären Daten hinsichtlich des klinischen Spektrums, des Versorgungsradius und der Fachrichtung zuweisender Ärzte.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 431 Patienten mit EO (Frauen: n =354, 82 %; Alter [Median]: 40 Jahre; Bereich: 5–79) ausgewertet. 148 (35 %) Patienten wurden vom Hausarzt und 123 (29 %) Patienten vom Augenarzt überwiesen. Eine Optikusneuropathie bestand bei 11 (14,3 %) Männern und bei 21 (5,9 %) Frauen (p =0,011). Zusätzlich zur Schilddrüsenerkrankung bestanden mindestens 2 andere Autoimmunerkrankungen bei 8 (10,4 %) Männern und bei 15 (4,3 %) Frauen (p =0,079).
Zwei (2,6 %) Männer und 92 (26 %) Frauen nahmen psychotherapeutische Unterstützung in Anspruch (p <0,001). Anfahrtswege von 50 km oder mehr nahmen 14 (28 %) Männer und 83 (43 %) Frauen mit EO in Kauf (p =0,054). Es bestand eine Assoziation einer Anfahrtsstrecke ≥50 km mit dem Bestehen weiterer Autoimmunerkrankungen (OR: 1,86; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 1,02–3,39; p =0,044). Im Trend litten diese Patienten wahrscheinlicher an einer moderat-schweren oder einer sehkraftgefährdenden (1,78, 0,91–3,47; p =0,090) EO. Patienten, die einen Anfahrtsweg ≥100 km hatten, waren eher konservativ vorbehandelt (3,78, 1,18–12,05; p =0,025).

Schlussfolgerungen
Männer sind im Durchschnitt schwerer von der EO betroffen, haben häufig weitere Autoimmunerkrankungen. Gleichzeitig sind sie der Versorgung schwerer zugänglich. Besonders Patienten mit weiteren Autoimmunerkrankungen nehmen weite Anfahrtsstrecken an ein spezialisiertes Zentrum in Kauf.
Universal tail profile of Gaussian multiplicative chaos
Authors: Wong Mo Dick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article we study the tail probability of the mass of Gaussian multiplicative chaos. With the novel use of a Tauberian argument and Goldie’s implicit renewal theorem, we provide a unified approach to general log-correlated Gaussian fields in arbitrary dimension and derive precise first order asymptotics of the tail probability, resolving a conjecture of Rhodes and Vargas. The leading order is described by a universal constant that captures the generic property of Gaussian multiplicative chaos, and may be seen as the analogue of the Liouville unit volume reflection coefficients in higher dimensions.