bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage in vitro: Modeling the Cytopathology of the Ventricular Zone
Authors: Castaneyra-Ruiz Leandro , McAllister James P. , Morales Diego M. , Brody Steven L. , Isaacs Albert M. , Limbrick David D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most devastating neurological complications in preterm infants, with the majority suffering long-term neurological morbidity and up to 50 percent developing post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Despite the importance of this disease, its cytopathological mechanisms are not well known. An in vitro model of IVH is required to investigate the effects of blood and its components on the developing ventricular zone (VZ) and its stem cell niche. To address this need, we developed a new in vitro model to mimic the cytopathological conditions of IVH in the preterm infant. Methods: Maturing neuroepithelial cells from the VZ were harvested from the entire lateral ventricles of wild type C57BL/6 mice at 1-4 days of age and expanded in proliferation media for 3-5 days. At confluence, cells were re-plated onto 24-well plates in differentiation media to generate ependymal cells (EC). At approximately 3-5 days, which corresponded to the onset of ependymal cell differentiation based on the appearance of multiciliated cells , phosphate-buffered saline for controls or syngeneic whole blood for IVH was added to the ependymal cell surface. The cells were examined for the expression of EC markers of differentiation and maturation to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the effect of blood exposure on VZ transition from neuroepithelial cells to EC. Discussion: This model will allow investigators to test cytopathological mechanisms contributing to the pathology of IVH with high temporal resolution and query the impact of injury to the maturation of the VZ. This technique recapitulates features of normal maturation of the VZ in vitro, offering the capacity to investigate the developmental features of VZ biogenesis.
Should syndesmotic screws be removed or retained? A meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Wanjin , Yang Peng , Lv Nanning , Chen Kaiwen , Yang Huilin , Shen Minjie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical outcomes after removing or retaining syndesmotic screws, and the difference in clinical outcomes after retaining broken or loose syndesmotic screws was also evaluated.Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In this meta-analysis, we conducted online searches using the search terms “syndesmotic diastasis”, “syndesmotic injury”, “syndesmotic screw”, “syndesmotic fixation”, and “tibiofibular syndesmosis”. The analysis was performed on data from all the studies that met the selection criteria. Clinical outcomes were expressed as standard mean differences for continuous outcomes with 95 % confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi2 test and the I2 statistic.Results There were 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational articles included in this analysis. In the comparison between retained and removed screws and the comparison between broken or loose and removed screws, no significant difference was found in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score. Broken or loose screws were associated with better AOFAS scores compared with removed or intact screws, and no significant difference was found in terms of VAS and OMAS scores.Conclusions According to our analysis, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between removed and retained screws. Broken or loose screws were not associated with bad functional outcomes and may even lead to better function compared with removed or retained screws.
Construction of a sensitive and specific lead biosensor using a genetically engineered bacterial system with a luciferase gene reporter controlled by pbr and cadA promoters
Authors: Nourmohammadi Esmail , Hosseinkhani Saman , Nedaeinia Reza , Khoshdel-Sarkarizi Hoda , Nedaeinia Mozhdeh , Ranjbar Maryam , Ebrahimi Neshat , Farjami Zahra , Nourmohammadi Mohammad , Mahmoudi Ali , Goli Mohammad , A.Ferns Gordon , Sadeghizadeh Majid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: A bacterial biosensor refers to genetically engineered bacteria that produce an assessable signal in the presence of a physical or chemical agent in the environment. Methods: We have designed and evaluated a bacterial biosensor expressing a luciferase-reporter gene controlled by pbr and cadA promoters in Cupriavidus metallidurans (previously termed Ralstonia metallidurans) containing the CH34 and pI258 plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and that can be used for the detection of heavy metals. In the present study, we have produced and evaluated biosensor plasmids designated pGL3-luc/pbr-biosensor and pGL3-luc/cad-biosensor, that were based on the expression of luc+ under the control of the cad promoter and the cadC gene of S. aureus plasmid pI258 and pbr promoter and pbrR gene from plasmid pMOL30 of Cupriavidus metallidurans. Results: We found that the biodegradable pGL3-luc/pbr-biosensor could be used to measure lead concentrations between 1-100 μM in the presence of other metals, including: zinc, cadmium, tin and nickel. The latter metals did not result in any significant gene expression of the reporter. The pGL3-luc/cad-biosensor was able to detect lead concentrations between 10 nM to 10 μM. Conclusions: This biosensor was found to be a specific for measuring lead ions in both environmental and biological samples.
Prospective evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of breast BI-RADS 3-5 lesions
Authors: Eva Janu , Lucie Krikavova , Jirina Little , Karel Dvorak , Dagmar Brancikova , Eva Jandakova , Tomas Pavlik , Petra Kovalcikova , Kazda Tomas , Vlastimil Valek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the benefit of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the assessment of breast lesions.Materials and Methods: A standardized contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed in 230 breast lesions classified as BI-RADS category 3 to 5. All lesions were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. MVI (MicroVascular Imaging) technique was used to derive qualitative analysis parameters; blood perfusion of the lesions was assessed (perfusion homogeneity, type of vascularization, enhancement degree). Quantitative analysis was conducted to estimate perfusion changes in the lesions within drawn regions of interest (ROI); parameters TTP (time to peak), PI (peak intensity), WIS (wash in slope), AUC (area under curve) were obtained from time intensity (TI) curves. Acquired data were statistically analyzed to assess the ability of each parameter to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. The combination of parameters was also evaluated for the possibility of increasing the overall diagnostic accuracy. Biological nature of the lesions was verified by a pathologist. Benign lesions without histopathological verification (BI-RADS 3) were followed up for at least 24 months.Results: Out of 230 lesions, 146 (64%) were benign, 67 (29%) were malignant, 17 (7%) lesions were eliminated. Malignant tumors showed statistically significantly lower TTP parameters (sensitivity 77.6%, specificity 52.7%) and higher WIS values (sensitivity 74.6%, specificity 66.4%) than benign tumors. Enhancement degree also proved to be statistically well discriminating as 55.2% of malignant lesions had a rich vascularity (sensitivity 89.6% and specificity 48.6%). The combination of quantitative analysis parameters (TTP, WIS) with enhancement degree did not result in higher accuracy in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast lesions.Conclusion: We have demonstrated that contrast-enhanced breast ultrasound has the potential to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions. In particular, this method could help to differentiate lesions BI-RADS category 3 and 4 and thus reduce the number of core-cut biopsies performed in benign lesions. Qualitative analysis, despite its subjective element, appeared to be more beneficial. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis did not increase the predictive capability of CEUS.
Bioinformatics analysis reveals key genes and pathways that promote melanoma metastasis
Authors: su wenxing , guan yi , huang biao , wang juanjuan , wei yuqian , zhao ying , Jiao qingqing , ji jiang , yu daojiang , Su Wenxing , Guan Yi , Huang Biao , Su Wenxing , Guan Yi , Huang Biao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all skin tumors, and metastases are the major cause of death from it. The molecular mechanism leading to melanoma metastasis is currently unclear. With the goal of revealing the underlying mechanism, three data sets with accession numbers GSE8401, GSE46517 and GSE7956 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the differentially expressed gene (DEG) of primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, three kinds of analyses were performed, namely functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and co-expression and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis. 41 up-regulated genes and 79 down-regulated genes were selected for subsequent analyses. Results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that extracellular matrix organization and proteoglycans in cancer are closely related to melanoma metastasis. In addition, seven pivotal genes were identified from PPI network, including CXCL8, THBS1, COL3A1, TIMP3, KIT, DCN, and IGFBP5, which have all been verified in the TCGA database, but only CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT had significant differences in expression. To conclude, CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT may be the key genes in the metastasis of melanoma and thus may be regarded as therapeutic targets in the future.
miR-200c /FUT4 axis prevents the migration, invasion and proliferation of colon cancer cells by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Cong Jinchun , Yang Chuanjia , Xia Zhixiu , Gong Jian , Zhang Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effects of miR-200c targeting fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells and further to explore its mechanism.
Methods
The expression of miR-200c and FUT4 mRNA in Lovo and SW480 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and their correlation was analyzed by Pearson. LipofectamineTM 2000 transfection reagent was used to transfect miR-200c mimic, FUT4 siRNA, FUT4 mimic and FUT4 mimic negative control into Lovo and SW480 cells, and RT-PCR was used to analyze the effect of transfection. Cell counting kitcck-8 (CCK-8), cloning and transwell assays were used to detect the migration, invasion and proliferation of Lovo and SW480 cells, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of Ki-67 protein. Moreover, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Double luciferase experiment was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-200c and FUT4.
Results
Pearson results showed that miR-200c and FUT4 were negatively correlated in Lovo and SW480 cells (correlation coefficients were − 0.9046 and − 0.9236, respectively). MiR-200c overexpression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of Lovo cells by down-regulating FUT4. The expression of Ki67 positive cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins were reduced in miR-200c overexpression and FUT4 silencing groups. The scientific search and dual luciferase reporting system identified FUT4 was the target of miR-200c.
Conclusion
In conclusion, miR-200c overexpression inhibits FUT4 expression and down-regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the migration, invasion and proliferation of colon cancer cells.
Accuracy of telephone triage in suspected transient ischaemic attack or stroke: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Erkelens Daphne Carmen , Rutten Frans H. , Wouters Loes T. , Dolmans L. Servaas , de Groot Esther , Damoiseaux Roger A. , Zwart Dorien L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) is a widely used decision support tool for telephone triage at Dutch out-of-hours primary care services (OHS-PC), which, however, has never been validated against clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the accuracy of the NTS urgency allocation for patients with neurological symptoms suggestive of a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke, with the clinical outcomes TIA, stroke, and other (neurologic) life-threatening events (LTEs) as the reference.MethodA cross-sectional study of telephone triage recordings of patients with neurological symptoms calling the OHS-PC between 2014 and 2016.The allocated NTS urgencies were derived from the electronic medical records of the OHS-PC. The clinical outcomes were retrieved from the electronic medical records of the patients’ own general practitioners. The accuracy of a high NTS urgency allocation (medical help within three hours) was calculated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) with the clinical outcomes TIA/stroke/other LTEs as the reference.ResultsOf 1,269 patients, 635 (50.0%) received the diagnosis TIA/stroke (34.2% TIA/minor stroke, 15.8% major ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke), and 4.8% other LTEs. For TIA/stroke/other LTEs, the sensitivity and specificity of the NTS urgency allocation were 0.72 (95%CI 0.68–0.75) and 0.48 (95%CI 0.43–0.52), and the PPV and NPV were 0.62 (95%CI 0.60–0.64) and 0.58 (95%CI 0.54–0.62).ConclusionsThe NTS decision support tool used in Dutch OHS-PC performed poor to moderately regarding safety (sensitivity) and efficiency (specificity) in allocating adequate urgencies to patients with and without TIA/stroke/other LTEs.Trial registration: the Netherlands National Trial Register, identification number NTR7331.
Targeting Hedgehog pathway and DNA methyltransferases suppress the phenotype of uterine leiomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Garcia Natalia , Al-Hendy Ayman , Baracat Edmund Chada , Carvalho Katia Candido , Yang Qiwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Several studies have shown an essential role of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in tumor development. The role of HH pathway in LMS is still unclear. Methods: Uterine smooth muscle (USTM) and LMS cells lines were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of HH components. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SMO, GLI1 and DNMT inhibitors for proliferation. Nuclear and cytoplasm fractions were prepared. Protein and RNA expression levels were determined by Western blot and q-PCR analysis. Migration, invasion and apoptosis assays were performed to determine the LMS phenotype after the treatments. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5, and the statistical significance was accepted for p<0.05.Results: LMS analyses showed upregulation of SMO and GLIs (1, 2 and 3) in LMS compared to the myometrium and uterine leiomyoma. Increased nuclear translocation of GLIs proteins was found in LMS cells as well. After that, we hypothesized that HH pathway could be activated in uterine LMS and its blocking would lead to LMS malignant phenotype suppression. Inhibition of SMO and GLI after treatment with LDE225 and Gant61 respectively, induced both protein downregulation as well as decreased GLIs nuclear translocation. Also, abnormal increased expression of DNMT (1, 3a, and 3b) was observed in LMS, and treatment with a DNMT inhibitor decreased both DNMTs expression and GL1 nuclear translocation. Conclusion: Our analyses showed that deactivation of SMO, GLI and DNMTs was able to inhibit LMS phenotype. Importantly, the combination of those treatments exhibited a potentiated effect on LMS malignant phenotype suppression, leading to a deactivating HH pathway. In conclusion, our studies may provide novel options for uterine LMS patients´ target therapy.
LGR5 Expression is Associated with Prognosis in Poorly Differentiated Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ehara Takehito , Uehara Takeshi , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Kinugawa Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shota , Iwaya Mai , Ota Hiroyoshi , Soejima Yuji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is an important cancer stem cell marker in gastric cancer. However, no detailed studies are available on LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (PD-AC). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between LGR5 expression and clinicopathological data in PD-AC.Methods LGR5 expression was identified in 41 PD-AC cases using RNAscope, which is a highly sensitive RNA in situ hybridization method. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection was also detected by EBV in situ hybridization.Results In PD-AC, LGR5 expression was identified in 38 of 41 cases, and 17 cases were identified as LGR5 positive. The frequency of EBV positivity tended to be higher in the LGR5-negative group than in the LGR5-positive group (P = 0.0764). Furthermore, the frequency of vascular invasion tended to be higher in the LGR5-positive group than in the LGR5-negative group (P = 0.0764). A significant difference was found in overall survival (OS) between PD-AC cases in the LGR5-positive group and LGR5-negative group (log-rank test, P = 0.0108). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the LGR5-negative group (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.74; P = 0.01) showed independently better OS for PD-AC.Conclusions The correlation between LGR5 positivity and poor prognosis in PD-AC may be applicable to target therapy for LGR5 and prognostic markers. Further study is warranted.
Co-designing an industry-academic postgraduate professional education framework for emergency nursing
Authors: Theobald Karen Ann , Coyer Fiona , Henderson Amanda , Fox Robyn , Thomson Bernadette , McCarthy Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

This paper describes an evidence-based co-designed study with clinical-academic stakeholders from hospital and university settings. Hospitals and university providers in Australia invest significant but separate resources for postgraduate curricula, resulting in duplication of curricula and resources in the health and higher education sectors.
Methods

Using emergency nursing as an exemplar, we co-designed an industry-academic postgraduate education framework that integrated the needs and resources of the health and higher education sectors to streamline postgraduate students’ professional learning.
Results

Outcomes include matrices synchronising professional and regulatory imperatives of postgraduate nursing coursework; mutually-shaped curriculum content, teaching approaches and assessment strategies relevant for postgraduate education; a University-Industry Academic Integration Framework; five guiding principles of postgraduate curriculum development for university-industry curriculum co-design; and a Graduate Certificate of Emergency Nursing curriculum exemplar.
Conclusion

Industry-academic co-design can increase the relevance of postgraduate specialist courses in nursing, strengthening the nexus between both entities to advance learning and employability.
Automatic strategy to identify the risk of malnutrition in primary care by means of Controlling Nutritional (CONUT) Score: a large population study.
Authors: Salinas María , López-Garrigós Maite , Flores Emilio , Puche Carmen , Leiva-Salinas Pablo , Santo-Quiles Ana , Leiva-Salinas Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Risk of malnutrition can be evaluated through Controlling Nutritional (CONUT) Score based on total peripheral lymphocytes, serum albumin, and total cholesterol. Our aim was to automatically calculate CONUT in primary care when involved markers were requested and compare its performance with albumin to identify patients at risk of malnutrition. CONUT was evaluated according to patient age, and calculated the potential expenses to calculate CONUT, when serum markers were no requested, and measured.
Methods

We calculated CONUT when the three laboratory markers were requested, compared CONUT and albumin, considering risk of malnutrition CONUT ≥ 2, and albumin < 35 g/L, and counted the number of albumin and/or cholesterol tests that would have been measured to calculate CONUT in patients with total lymphocytes and serum availability, and calculated hypothetical cost.
Results

of the 74743 requests from primary care, CONUT was calculated in 9353 patients. 2256 (24.1%) showed risk of malnutrition according CONUT; 630 (6.8%) through albumin. Albumin alone identified 17.5% of mild cases based on CONUT, but every severe case. The risk of malnutrition increased with patient age. In one year, through an expense of 5430 € in measuring the serum non requested test, we could have screened for risk of malnutrition the entire primary care population that underwent laboratory testing.
Conclusion

CONUT score calculated at no cost when requested involved laboratory markers, detected more patients at risk of malnutrition than albumin, increased with patient age, and could be calculated in all primary care patients by measuring unrequested tests, at a very affordable cost.
Prevalence and Glasgow Outcome Scale score of severe head injury in Mbarara regional referral hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Odwar Erick , Okidi Ronald , Kayanga Florence , Kitya David , Ttendo Stephen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death in the Intensive care units and emergency departments with an estimated annual global mortality of 1.5 million people as a result of severe TBI. The prevalence of TBI varies according to regions. Despite this, there is limited data on the outcomes of patients following severe traumatic brain injury in southwestern Uganda. Herein, we studied the prevalence and outcome of severe traumatic brain injury at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) at discharge.Methods: A retrospective chart review of all TBI over six months (August 2016 - February 2017). The primary outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at discharge. A favorable outcome was either good recovery or moderate disability while unfavorable outcome was severe disability, persistent vegetative state or death. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with GOS score at discharge. Data were analyzed using STATA v13.0.Results: A total of 196 hospital records of TBI patients were reviewed, 80 (40.8%) patients had severe TBI, with the average length of hospital stay at 4.3 ± 2.9 days. The mean patients' age was 35 ± 14 years with the most affected age group being 18 - 34 years (58.8%). The GOS score at discharge were; death (42.5%), persistent vegetative state (0%), severe disability (1.3%), moderate disability (3.8%) and good recovery (52.5%). Pupil size and response had a dose-response relationship with unfavorable outcome when both pupils were dilated and non-reactive to light and had a higher odd ratio (OR=6.05) and strongly associated with unfavorable outcome (p=0.011). However, surgery and seizure prophylaxis were significantly associated with favorable outcome (p=0.033), (p=0.016) and a lesser odd ratio (OR=0.29),(OR=0.31) of having unfavorable outcome respectively. Conclusion: Mbarara regional referral hospital, the prevalence of STBI is still high. Both surgery and seizure prophylaxis were associated with favorable outcome at discharge. However, unfavorable outcome was mainly seen amongst patients who develop a complication.