bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teletandem como “terceiro espaço” no desenvolvimento de professores de línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Messias Rozana Aparecida Lopes , Telles João Antonio 
Published: September 2020

O teletandem possibilita ao licenciando em Letras o contato intercultural com um estrangeiro. Neste espaço virtual e síncrono, via webcam, o sujeito ora ensina sua própria língua, ora aprende a língua materna ou de competência de seu parceiro de teletandem. Neste artigo, argumentamos (a) que o teletandem pode ser considerado como um terceiro espaço ou um contexto tecnológico híbrido e (b) que este contexto, além de desenvolver a competência oral na língua-alvo, pode suscitar reflexões em alunos de Letras acerca da pedagogia de línguas estrangeiras. Acreditamos que tais características sejam facilitadoras do desenvolvimento profissional de futuros professores de línguas. Objetivamos investigar: (a) como este contato intercultural online mobiliza o comprometimento do futuro professor de língua estrangeira com sua própria formação e (b) como as atividades de mediação (realizadas após as interações em teletandem) funcionam como deflagradoras de processos de reflexão em alunos de Letras sobre o ato de ensinar e aprender línguas estrangeiras. O estudo se desenvolveu tendo como cenário uma parceria entre uma universidade brasileira e outra mexicana. Uma metodologia qualitativa crítica foi usada para a análise das gravações de sessões de mediação em grupo das quais participaram estudantes de Letras, futuros professores de português/espanhol. Os resultados da análise apontam para as características do contato intercultural online via teletandem. Se bem articuladas pelo educador de professores, elas trazem o potencial de teorização e de observação crítica das próprias ações dos alunos como professores de línguas estrangeiras, em processo de formação inicial.
Tilapia Culture in South Latitudes: First Report of Successful Fattening in Hot Springs of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Authors: Castellini Damian Luis , Zanazzi Aldo Nahuel , Gorosito Angelina , Tranier Enzo Damián , Fernández-Subiela María , Mallo Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2020

In the present work, the feasibility of fattening Oreochromis niloticus specimens on a pilot scale in a geothermal water resource located in the Southeast of the province of Buenos Aires was analyzed. Before placing the culture units, physical and chemical characteristics of hot spring were studied to evaluate its suitability for tilapia farming. In the experimental stage, two hundred specimens with an average weight of 14.5 ± 1.8g were placed in two floating cages (1.30x1x1m) (100 individuals per cage) and they were harvested at 140 days. The specimens were fed 3 times a day with a commercial pelleted feed with a content of 35% of proteins. Monthly samplings were carried out to evaluate growth (weight and total length), survival, and water samples were collected to measure their physical-chemical characteristics. The results of the water analysis showed a high quality in the hot springs (Simplified Water Quality Index=88). The fattening results showed an average final weight of 423-435.9 g, a survival of 87-91%, a SGR 1.47- 1.49% / day and the FCR was estimated at 1.05-1.07 for each cage respectively. We can conclude that this hot spring has the necessary water conditions to obtain excellent weight gains during the fattening period for the O. niloticus specimens. The present study represents the first Nile tilapia culture in the southernmost thermal waters, setting a precedent for future ventures in the area.
ACTUARIAL PRESENT VALUE (APV) ANUITAS KONTINU DENGAN STATUS MULTIPLE LIFE
Authors: Lestia Aprida Siska 
Published: September 2020

Rangkaian pembayaran yang dikaitkan dengan hidup matinya seseorang di mana pembayaran akan terhenti seketika setelah terjadinya kematian dikenal dengan istilah anuitas hidup kontinu. Istilah kontinu di sini didasari kenyataan bahwa usia manusia merupakan elemen bilangan real, dimana kematian sebagai risiko utama dapat terjadi kapan saja, sehingga pemodelan matematis akan dilakukan dengan pendekatan stokastik. Jenis anuitas yang seperti ini dalam Asuransi Jiwa digunakan dalam perhitungan premi yang dibebankan kepada pemegang polis (tertanggung). Jika anuitas tersebut dibebankan kepada lebih dari satu orang, maka dikatakan bahwa anuitas hidup dilakukan dengan status multiple life. Dalam prakteknya, terdapat dua kemungkinan penghentian rangkaian pembayaran pada status multiple life, yang dikenal dengan joint life dan last survivor. Penentuan actuarial present value (APV) anuitas (seumur hidup dan berjangka -tahun) dilakukan menggunakan peluang multiple life yang dibangun dengan menggunakan distribusi sisa usia bagi sekelompok orang. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh formula penentuan APV yang merupakan nilai ekspektasi dari variabel acak nilai tunai anuitas.Kata kunci : joint life, last survivor, actuarial present value
PENDEKATAN DIAGONAL UNTUK MASALAH PENUGASAN
Authors: Mu’alifah Zahrotun , Affandi Pardi , Yusuf Akhmad 
Published: September 2020

The assignment problem is a problem related to the optimal assignment of different productive sources that have different levels of efficiency for different tasks. The assignment problem has only one optimization goal, is maximizing or minimizing the resource that use to complete a task. The purpose of this reaserch is to solve the assignment problem with the goal of maximizing or minimizing resource using the steps in the optimal diagonal approach. The steps used in this research with the goal of maximizing resources are looking for two different entries from the assignment cost matrix that has the greatest value of each row and column, whereash the goal of minimizing resource is looking for two different entries from the assignment cost matrix that has value the smallest of each row and column. The results obtained to resolve the assignment problem using an optimal diagonal approach with the goal of maximizing resource, reach the optimal solution if the sum of all diagonal cells is less than zero. While the results to solve the assignment problem with the goal of minimizing resources, reach the optimal solution if the sum of all diagonal cells more than zero. Keywords: Assignment Problem, Transportation Model, Diagonal Optimal Approach
КОРОНАВИРУС: ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ
Authors: Хоперская Лариса , Пшеничная Наталья 
Published: September 2020

Обосновывается тезис о том, что пандемия COVID-19 задала новые параметры выстраивания миропорядка, выдвинув в качестве основных ценностей современного общества жизнь и здоровье. Если до начала эпидемии основными критериями оценки государств выступали экономическая мощь, военная сила и уровень демократии, то сегодня рейтинг государства в значительной степени определяется способностью противостоять пандемии, т. е. иметь эффективный контроль над распространением COVID-19 в обществе, оказывать пациентам надлежащий объем и уровень медицинской помощи.
Динамика пандемии наглядно демонстрирует утрату Соединенными Штатами Америки статуса глобального лидера и формирование новой системы, включающей четыре группы государств: в первую группу входят государства, способные самостоятельно, без внешней помощи обеспечить функционирование национальной системы здравоохранения; вторую группу составляют государства, признающие недостаточность собственных ресурсов в борьбе против распространения коронавирусной инфекции и открыто обращающиеся за помощью к странам, обладающим необходимыми средствами; третья группа – государства, отрицающие опасность пандемии и принципиально отказывающиеся от осуществления каких-либо специальных мер под предлогом сохранения экономики; четвертая группа – государства «западного демократического ядра», декларирующие самодостаточность в борьбе с коронавирусом, но объективно демонстрирующие самые высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности от коронавирусной инфекции.
При этом вместо принципиальной реорганизации национальных систем здравоохранения они сосредоточены на поисках всяческих способов дискредитации опыта Китая и России в борьбе с COVID-19. Наиболее часто используемыми инструментами дискредитации выступают СМИ и НПО, финансируемые крупными международными финансово-промышленными корпорациями.
El matrimonio y los judeoconversos de la mesocracia cordobesa durante el siglo XV
Authors: Herencia Lavirgen Mª Inmaculada 
Published: September 2020

RESUMEN: Este trabajo trata de analizar las posibilidades y las dificultades que presenta el estudio de la documentación notarial del siglo XV, para, en base a esto, conocer las relaciones sociales tejidas entre los judeoconversos de la mesocracia cordobesa a través del matrimonio. Prestaremos atención a los problemas de la documentación, la participación de las familias, la composición de los matrimonios y su distribución por la ciudad; finalmente, ofreceremos el estudio de un caso concreto. No obstante, esto no es más que un primer paso en un trabajo que requiere mucha mayor profundidad; lo que presentamos aquí son las líneas de actuación a desarrollar con posterioridad.PALABRAS CLAVE: judeoconversos, mesocracia, redes, matrimonio. ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the opportunities and the troubles that we find when we research about the notarial documents from the fifteenth century. With this base, we will be able to know that converts from Córdoba’s medium groups built new social networks by marriage. We will pay attention to the troubles we have found with documents, the role performed by families, the composition of the couples and their geographical setting in the city; finally, we will provide the analysis of a particular case. However, this is the first step of a research that requires more work, so what we offer here are the lines we will have to carry out later.KEY WORDS: converts, medium groups, networks, marriage.
The (chemical) potential for understanding overstepped garnet nucleation and growth
Authors: Nagurney Alexandra B. , Caddick Mark J. , Dragovic Besim , Busse Kristen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOverstepping of porphyroblast-forming reactions has been shown to occur in regional, contact, and subduction zone metamorphism, calling into question the paradigm that metamorphic mineral reactions occur at or very close to thermodynamic equilibrium. These overstepped reactions result from the fact that nucleation and growth of new phases requires a thermodynamic driving force or a “departure” from equilibrium. We use phase equilibria modeling to elucidate the energetic consequences of over-stepped garnet nucleation and growth by comparing the chemical potentials of garnet-forming oxide components (MnO, CaO, FeO, MgO, Al2O3) in two sets of calculations: one in which Gibbs free energy is minimized and one in which the minimization proceeds under identical conditions but in the forced absence of garnet. We focus on 12 examples from the literature that have previously described garnet nucleation as minimally overstepped (garnet nucleation at the P-T of initial garnet stability) or garnet nucleation as more substantially overstepped (garnet nucleation at P-T conditions greater than initial garnet stability). For a small P-T interval above nominal garnet-in reactions, differences in the chemical potentials between the two calculations are commonly minimal. In all tested examples calculated using two versions of the THERMOCALC thermodynamic data set, the chemical potential of Al2O3 (μAl2O3) diverges between garnet-bearing and garnet-absent calculations at greater P-T conditions than that of MnO, CaO, FeO, and MgO. The P-T interval between thermodynamic garnet-in and the point at which μAl2O3 differs substantially between the two sets of calculations appears to be a function of bulk-rock MnO content, reemphasizing the role that small quantities of MnO play in the apparent stability of garnet in calculated phase equilibria. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple thermodynamic data sets, the location of the garnet-in curve, and the abundance of mineral phases in the discussion of overstepped metamorphic reactions. The results have implications for determining kinetic barriers to crystal nucleation and growth and considering the most appropriate way of defining “garnet-in” for samples that have experienced overstepping.
The potential for aqueous fluid-rock and silicate melt-rock interactions to re-equilibrate hydrogen in peridotite nominally anhydrous minerals
Authors: Lynn Kendra J. , Warren Jessica M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen is a rapidly diffusing monovalent cation in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs, such as olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene), which is potentially re-equilibrated during silicate melt-rock and aqueous fluid-rock interactions in massif and abyssal peridotites. We apply a 3D numerical diffusion modeling technique to provide first-order timescales of complete hydrogen re-equilibration in olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene over the temperature range 600–1200 °C. Model crystals are 1–3 mm along the c-axis and utilize H+ diffusion coefficients appropriate for Fe-bearing systems. Two sets of models were run with different boundary compositions: (1) “low-H models” are constrained by mineral-melt equilibrium partitioning with a basaltic melt that has 0.75 wt% H2O, and (2) “high-H models,” which utilize the upper end of the estimated range of mantle water solubility for each phase. Both sets of models yield re-equilibration timescales that are identical and are fast for all phases at a given temperature. These timescales have strong log-linear trends as a function of temperature (R2 from 0.97 to 0.99) that can be used to calculate the expected re-equilibration time at a given temperature and grain size. At the high end of the model temperatures (1000–1200 °C), H+ completely re-equilibrates in olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene within minutes to hours, consistent with previous studies. These short timescales indicate that xenolith NAM mantle water contents are likely to be overprinted prior to eruption. The models also resolve the decoupled water-trace element relationship in Southwest Indian Ridge peridotites, in which peridotite REE abundances are reproduced by partial melting models whereas the relatively high NAM H2O contents require later re-equilibration with melt.At temperatures of 600–800 °C, which correspond to conditions of hydrothermal alteration of pyroxene to amphibole and talc, H+ re-equilibration typically occurs over a range of timescales spanning days to years. These durations are well within existing estimates for the duration of fluid flow in oceanic hydrothermal systems, suggesting that peridotite NAM water contents are susceptible to diffusive overprinting during higher temperature hydrothermal alteration. Thus, diffusion during aqueous fluid-rock interactions may also explain NAM H2O contents that are too high to reflect residues of melting. These relatively short timescales at low temperatures suggest that the origin of water contents measured in peridotite NAMs requires additional constraints on sample petrogenesis, including petro-graphic and trace element analyses. Our 3D model results also hint that H+ may diffuse appreciably during peridotite serpentinization, but diffusion coefficients at low temperature are unconstrained and additional experimental investigations are needed.
Structural variations across the nepheline (NaAlSiO4)–kalsilite (KAlSiO4) series
Authors: Antao Sytle M. , Hovis Guy L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The crystal structures of 19 samples from the nepheline (NaAlSiO4; Ne)–kalsilite (KAlSiO4; Ks) series, previously prepared via ion-exchange, were examined using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data and Rietveld structure refinements. Parent materials for the three series include a natural Monte Somma nepheline (series-1), synthetic Na nepheline (series-2), and high-Si synthetic nepheline (series-3), having excess Si mole percentages of 5.2, 1.7, and 12.5%, respectively. Three different structure-types were found to occur among the samples examined: nepheline (P63), tetrakalsilite (P63), and kalsilite (both P63 and P31c intergrowth). Trikalsilite was not observed in this study. Vacancies (☐) at the K site as well as Ca and K atoms at the Na1 site play an important role in the crystal-chemical behavior of nepheline solid solutions. Vacancies cause an elongation in the average &lt;K-O&gt;[9] distance in nepheline. When K atoms enter the Na1 site in nepheline, the average &lt;(Na,K)-O&gt;[7] distance increases linearly and is parallel to the average &lt;(Na,K)-O&gt;[9] distance in kalsilite and the grand mean of such distances in trikalsilite and tetrakalsilite. Before K atoms enter the Na1 site, the average &lt;(Na,K)-O&gt;[7] distance is constant because of the full occupancy of the Na1 site with Na atoms. Ca atoms at the Na1 site in the Monte Somma sample-1 cause a contraction in the &lt;(Na,K)-O&gt;[7] distance. In Na-rich nepheline samples, Na atoms in the large channels occupy a Na(K) site that is off the 63 axis and close to the usual K site. In natural nepheline samples, the K site in most cases contains K atoms and ☐, and the Na1 site is filled mainly with Na, minor Ca, and K atoms in K-rich samples. Nepheline from Monte Somma (sample-1) contains weak satellite reflections that are also present in some other kalsilite samples. Average &lt;T-O&gt; distances indicate a high degree of Al-Si disorder in nepheline but increasing Al-Si order in tetrakalsilite and kalsilite. Increasing the amount of K atoms beyond the ideal composition of K0.25Na0.75[AlSiO4] causes expansion in multiple structural parameters because of the larger size of K+ relative to Na+.
A quantitative description of fission-track etching in apatite
Authors: Aslanian Carolin , Jonckheere Raymond , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We measured the apatite etch rate νR in 5.5 M HNO3 at 21 °C as a function of orientation. Results for Durango apatite evidence that νR varies by a factor &gt;5 with angle to the c-axis. Our measurements also provided track etch rates νT and surface etch rates νS. However, these cannot be combined for calculating track etching or counting efficiencies. By inserting the measured etch rates in a recent model, we calculate the geometries and dimensions of surface tracks in different apatite faces. The proposed model must be recalibrated for different etching protocols and adapted for other minerals. We submit that the new model justifies reviewing track counting efficiencies based on the existing (νB-νT) etch model. We anticipate that this will have an effect on practical aspects of fission track dating. Single-track step-etch data show that the confined track lengths increase with etch time at a decreasing average rate νL that differs from the track etch rate νT and the apatite etch rate νR. Both νT and νL exhibit large track-to-track differences that produce irreducible length variation related to the latent-track structure resulting from formation and annealing. Step etching and track width measurements are effective for reducing or eliminating procedure-related artifacts from track length data, and so for accessing more fundamental track properties.
Priscillagrewite-(Y), (Ca2Y)Zr2Al3O12: A new garnet of the bitikleite group from the Daba-Siwaqa area, the Hatrurim Complex, Jordan
Authors: Galuskina Irina , Galuskin Evgeny , Vapnik Yevgeny , Zeliński Grzegorz , Prusik Krystian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Priscillagrewite-(Y), ideally (Ca2Y)Zr2Al3O12 (Ia3d, a = 12.50 Å, V = 1953.13 Å3, Z = 8), a new member of the garnet supergroup and bitikleite group, was discovered in a fluorapatite layer (metaphosphorite) hosted by varicolored spurrite marble in the Daba-Siwaqa area of the Transjordan plateau south of Amman, central Jordan. The Daba-Siwaqa area is the largest field of the Hatrurim Complex pyrometamorphic rocks distributed along the rift of the Dead Sea. Priscillagrewite-(Y) and other accessory minerals (such as members of the brownmillerite-srebrodolskite series, fluormayenite, lakargiite, baghdadite, hematite, sphalerite, zincite, garnet of the andradite-grossular series, tululite, vapnikite, minerals of the lime-monteponite series and members of the magnesiochromite-zincochromite series, cuprite, and Y-bearing and Y-free perovskite) are distributed irregularly in varicolored spurrite marble. The empirical formula of priscillagrewite-(Y), based on 12 O atoms, is (Ca2.19Y0.65Ce0.033+Nd0.033+Gd0.023+Dy0.023+Er0.023+Yb0.023+La0.013+Sm0.013+)Σ3.00(Zr1.79Ti0.134+Sb0.075+U0.016+)Σ2.00(Al1.70Fe1.213+Si0.04P0.045+)Σ2.99O12. A good match was obtained for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with a garnet model having a = 12.50 Å. The new garnet forms idiomorphic, isometric crystals up to 15 μm in size. It is transparent and has pale yellowish tinge, and its luster is vitreous. Priscillagrewite-(Y) is isotropic: n = 1.96 based on the Gladstone-Dale calculation using a = 12.50 Å and the empirical formula. The Mohs hardness is about 7–7.5. Density calculated from the empirical formula is 4.48 g/cm3. Raman spectrum of priscillagrewite-(Y) is similar to those of other minerals of the bitikleite group and contains the following bands (cm−1): 150, 163, 240, 269, 289, 328, 496, 508, 726, and 785. The strongest lines of the calculated powder diffraction data are as follows [(hkl) dhkl (I)]: (422) 2.552 (100), (642) 1.670 (96), (420) 2.795 (84), (400) 3.125 (72), (200) 4.419 (35), (640) 1.733 (32), and (1042) 1.141 (25). Priscillagrewite-(Y) is interpreted to be a relic of the high-temperature association formed in the progressive stage at the peak pyrometamorphism conditions when temperature could have reached close to 1000 °C.
Modelling the response of paddy water balance on groundwater level fluctuations in Central Punjab
Authors: Kaur Samanpreet , Singh Ramandeep , Vashisht Bharat Bhusan , Gill K. K. , Aggarwal Rajan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study employs a process-based DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) model for estimating agriculture water use and its evaluation for simulating groundwater fluctuations. A field experiment was performed during kharif season with PR 121 variety (rice) at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. There were six treatments with three dates of transplanting – June 5 (D1), June 20 (D2) and July 5 (D3), one cultivar – PR121 (V) and two irrigation regimes – 2-day drainage (I1) and tensiometer-based (I2). Both simulation and experimental results showed that paddy transplanted on June 20 (D2) and tensiometer-based irrigation treatment (I2) gave 23 and 32% higher yield in comparison to June 5 (D1) and July 5 (D3) with maximum water use efficiency of 1.69 kg/m3. The validated DSSAT model was simulated for a historical time slice (1998–2014) and indicated that 66% of applied water in the form of rainfall or irrigation in paddy fields was lost as drainage component. The simulated change in storage (rainfall minus evapotranspiration) was able to explain groundwater level fluctuations in terms of trends/magnitude in most of the years.