bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empfehlungen zur Implementierung eines Beratungsangebots bei
exzessivem Medienkonsum und internetbezogenen Störungen
Authors: Laskowski Nora M. , Meyer Viktoria , Trillmich Tobias , Ernst Alexandra , Müller Astrid 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Häufig sind Suchtberatungsstellen erster Anlaufpunkt
für Betroffene mit exzessivem Medienkonsum und internetbezogenen
Störungen (IBS) sowie deren Angehörige. Aktuell ist das
Suchthilfenetzwerk bezogen auf IBS weder flächendeckend, noch sind alle
Fachstellen ausreichend auf diese Klientel vorbereitet. Das Projekt
„re:set! – Beratung bei exzessivem Medienkonsum“ sollte
dazu beitragen, diese Versorgungslücke in Niedersachsen zu
schließen. Zudem wurden Empfehlungen zur Implementierung eines
Beratungsangebots bei exzessivem Medienkonsum und IBS erarbeitet.
Methodik Für die Erstellung der Empfehlungen wurde ein
Mixed-Methods-Vorgehen gewählt. Zunächst wurden
halbstrukturierte Interviews mit 8 Themenblöcken durchgeführt
und inhaltsanalytisch anhand deduktiver Kategorienbildung ausgewertet. Die
Kategorien wurden in einem ExpertInnenworkshop diskutiert. Anschließend
wurden Aussagen zur Beratung bei exzessivem Medienkonsum generiert. Die am
Projekt beteiligten Fachkräfte sowie deren Fachstellenleitungen wurden
in einem Online-Survey gebeten, das Ausmaß an Zustimmung zu jeder
Aussage anzugeben.
Ergebnisse Den 8 Themenblöcken des halb-strukturierten Interviews
konnten 26 deduktive Kategorien zugeordnet werden. Für den Online-Survey
wurden 99 Aussagen generiert. Davon richteten sich 50 an sowohl
Fachkräfte als auch deren Vorgesetzte. Weitere 49 Aussagen waren
ausschließlich für die Fachkräfte relevant. Basierend
auf den Ergebnissen wurden in einem iterativen Prozess 13
Implementierungsempfehlungen erarbeitet.
Schlussfolgerung Angesichts der unzureichenden Versorgung von Menschen
mit exzessivem Medienkonsum und IBS sind Projekte wie re:set! notwendig, um
Fachkräfte der Suchthilfe zu unterstützen, notwendige
Kompetenzen zu vermitteln sowie ein flächendeckendes professionelles
Netzwerk aufzubauen. Die Empfehlungen zur Implementierung können beim
Etablieren und Verstetigen eines entsprechenden Beratungsangebots hilfreich
sein.
Does Non-Neurologic Multiorgan Dysfunction After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest among Children Admitted in Coma Predict Outcome 1 Year Later?
Authors: Corbett Kelly L. , Presson Angela P. , Zhang Chong , Xu Yizhe , Bratton Susan L. , Dixon Rebecca R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigated whether non-neurologic multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) predicts poor 12-month survival. We conducted a secondary data analysis of therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest out-of-hospital randomized trial involving children who remained unconscious and intubated after OHCA (n = 237). Associations between MODS and 12-month outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Non-neurologic MODS was present in 95% of patients and sensitive (97%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 93–99%) for 12-month survival but had poor specificity (10%; 95% CI: 4–21%). Development of non-neurologic MODS is not helpful to predict long-term neurologic outcome or survival after OHCA.
Management and Challenges of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rakhit Shayan , Nordness Mina F. , Lombardo Sarah R. , Cook Madison , Smith Laney , Patel Mayur B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in trauma patients, and can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe by the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Prehospital, initial emergency department, and subsequent intensive care unit (ICU) management of severe TBI should focus on avoiding secondary brain injury from hypotension and hypoxia, with appropriate reversal of anticoagulation and surgical evacuation of mass lesions as indicated. Utilizing principles based on the Monro–Kellie doctrine and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), a surrogate for cerebral blood flow (CBF) should be maintained by optimizing mean arterial pressure (MAP), through fluids and vasopressors, and/or decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP), through bedside maneuvers, sedation, hyperosmolar therapy, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, and, in refractory cases, barbiturate coma or decompressive craniectomy (DC). While controversial, direct ICP monitoring, in conjunction with clinical examination and imaging as indicated, should help guide severe TBI therapy, although new modalities, such as brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) monitoring, show great promise in providing strategies to optimize CBF. Optimization of the acute care of severe TBI should include recognition and treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH), early seizure prophylaxis, venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, and nutrition optimization. Despite this, severe TBI remains a devastating injury and palliative care principles should be applied early. To better affect the challenging long-term outcomes of severe TBI, more and continued high quality research is required.
Burden-of-Illness Associated with Bleeding-Related Hospitalizations in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Findings from the Nationwide Readmission Database
Authors: Miao Benjamin , Miller Monique , Lovelace Belinda , Beaubrun Anne , McNeil-Posey Kelly , Alberts Mark J. , Peacock William Frank , Costa Olivia S. , White Charles Michael , Coleman Craig I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction A paucity of contemporary data examining bleeding-related hospitalization outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients exists.
Methods Adults in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (January 2016–November 2016) with AF and hospitalized for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or other bleeding were identified. Association between bleed types and outcomes were assessed using multivariable regression (gastrointestinal defined as referent) and reported as crude incidences and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results In total, 196,878 index bleeding-related hospitalizations were identified in this AF cohort (CHA2DS2VASc score ≥2 in 95.1%), with 70.8% classified as gastrointestinal. The overall incidences of in-hospital mortality, need for post-discharge out-of-home care, and 30-day readmission were 4.9, 50.8, and 18.2%, respectively. Multivariable regression suggested traumatic and nontraumatic ICHs were associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.79, 4.19; OR = 13.09, 95% CI = 12.24, 13.99) and need for post-discharge out-of-home care (OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.83, 3.01; OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.59, 2.90), and increases in mean index hospitalization length-of-stay (8.31 days, 95% CI = 8.03, 8.60, 6.27 days, 95% CI = 5.97, 6.57) versus gastrointestinal bleeding. Genitourinary and other bleeds were associated with lower mortality (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.55; OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.64) and reduced length-of-stays (−2.84 days, 95% CI =  − 2.91, −2.76; −2.06 days, 95% CI =  − 2.11, −2.01) versus gastrointestinal bleeding. Genitourinary bleeds were also associated with a reduced need for post-discharge out-of-home care (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.97).
Conclusion The burden of bleeding-related hospitalizations was notably driven by relatively rare but severe and life-threatening ICH, and less morbid but more frequent gastrointestinal bleeding. There is need for continued research on bleeding risk factors and mitigation techniques to avoid bleeding-related patient hospitalizations.
A Study of Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Parikh Akanksha C. , Tullu Milind S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to calculate the incidence, severity, and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Also, to assess the impact of AKI and its varying severity on mortality and length of hospital and PICU stays. A prospective observational study was performed in children between 1 month and 12 years of age admitted to the PICU between July 1, 2013, and July 31, 2014 (13 months). The change in creatinine clearance was considered to diagnose and stage AKI according to pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease criteria. The risk factors for AKI and its impact on PICU stay, hospital stay, and mortality were evaluated. Of the total 220 patients enrolled in the study, 161 (73.2%) developed AKI, and 59 cases without AKI served as the “no AKI” (control) group. Majority (57.1%) of children with AKI had Failure grade of AKI, whereas 26.1% had Risk grade and 16.8% had Injury grade of AKI. Infancy (p = 0.000), hypovolemia (p = 0.005), shock (p = 0.008), and sepsis (p = 0.022) were found to be significant risk factors for AKI. Mortality, PICU stay, and hospital stay were comparable in children with and without AKI as well as between the various grades of renal injury (i.e., Failure, Risk, and Injury). An exceedingly high incidence of AKI, especially of the severe Failure grade was observed in critically ill children. Infancy and frequent PICU occurrences such as sepsis, hypovolemia, and shock predisposed to AKI.
Composition-aware spectroscopic tomography
Authors: Pfister Luke , Bhargava Rohit , Bresler Yoram , Carney P Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chemical imaging provides information about the distribution of chemicals within a target. When combined with structural information about the target, in situ chemical imaging opens the door to applications ranging from tissue classification to industrial process monitoring. The combination of infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy is a powerful tool for chemical imaging of thin targets. Unfortunately, extending this technique to targets with appreciable depth is prohibitively slow. We combine confocal microscopy and infrared spectroscopy to provide chemical imaging in three spatial dimensions. Interferometric measurements are acquired at a small number of focal depths, and images are formed by solving a regularized inverse scattering problem. A low-dimensional signal model is key to this approach: we assume the target comprises a finite number of distinct chemical species. We establish conditions on the constituent spectra and the number of measurements needed for unique recovery of the target. Simulations illustrate imaging of cellular phantoms and sub-wavelength targets from noisy measurements.
Anti-frosting and defrosting performance of chemically modified super-nonwettable carbon soot coatings
Authors: Esmeryan Karekin D , Gyoshev Stanislav D , Castano Carlos E , Mohammadi Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inherent hydrophilicity of a variety of heat exchanging industrial appliances, including air-conditioners, refrigerators or heat pumps, is a highly-beneficial platform for the accumulation of frost at negative surface temperatures, dramatically aggravating the efficient device operation in terms of heat transfer and energy consumption. Here, we introduce experimental data from pioneering research on the frosting/defrosting behavior of chemically modified super-nonwettable soot—one of the very few materials providing scalability, satisfactory mechanical durability, icephobic and anti-bioadhesion properties simultaneously. The analysis of the anti-frosting/defrosting performance of three groups of soot coatings, obtained by treating the pristine samples with alcohol, fluorocarbon or silver hydrogen fluoride, reveals that the frost incipiency on the soot can be efficiently controlled by tailoring its chemistry and porosity. In turn, the super-nonwettable material is capable of delaying the onset of vapor condensation and frosting to supercooling degrees of 8.4 °C and 15.8 °C, accordingly, and maintaining relatively large frost-free halos up to −20 °C. Moreover, the onset of soot defrosting is accelerated by a factor of 35 compared to a bare Cu substrate, demonstrating extremely low ice adhesion forces and strong potential of the soot coatings for passive icing protection of many cryogenic facilities.
Discharge characteristics of two-stage micro-cathode arc MPD thrusters with a permanent magnet and a pulsed magnetic field
Authors: Zolotukhin D , Daniels K , Keidar M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Small, lightweight low-power micro-cathode arc thrusters (µCATs) with micronewton thrust are well suited to the altitude control of small satellites like CubeSats. For some applications (orbit raising, maneuvering) their thrust level needs to be improved. A possible approach for this could be the two-staged thruster—a micro-cathode thruster with a magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) stage and an external magnetic field. In this article, we discuss some discharge features that such a two-stage µCAT-MPD experiences in each configuration of the magnetic field—formed with either a permanent magnet, or a pulsed magnetic coil. We found that in both configurations of the magnetic field, the thrust can be enhanced significantly (up to factor of 10) after some threshold voltage is applied to the second stage. The pulsed magnetic coil ensures better controllability of the magnetic field; however, it causes an undesirable time delay between the plasma generation moments in both stages, which consequently results in a moderate thrust increase. The permanent magnet provides a stable thrust increase; however, it cannot be switched off, which seems to be impractical for its use in micro-satellites. In both magnetic field configurations, the emissive electromagnetic noise level was found to be low-frequency (within tens of kHz) and quite moderate in amplitude, and mechanical noise was found to be two orders of magnitude lower than the thrust generated in the normal working regime.
Many-body interference in bosonic dynamics
Authors: Dufour Gabriel , Brünner Tobias , Rodríguez Alberto , Buchleitner Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We develop a framework to systematically investigate the influence of many-particle interference on the dynamics of generic—possibly interacting—bosonic systems. We consider mixtures of bosons which belong to several distinguishable species, allowing us to tune the level of many-particle interference, and identify the corresponding signatures in the time-dependent expectation values of observables. Interference contributions to these expectation values can be classified based on the number of interfering particles. Interactions are shown to generate a series of additional, higher-order interference contributions. Finally, based on a decomposition of the Hilbert space of partially distinguishable bosons into irreducible representations of the unitary group, we determine some spectral characteristics of (in)distinguishability.
Nonlinear radiative bioconvection flow of Maxwell nanofluid configured by bidirectional oscillatory moving surface with heat generation phenomenon
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Aziz Samaira , Khan M Ijaz , Khan Sami Ullah , Nazeer Mubbashar , Ahmad Iftikhar , Tlili Iskander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The current communication explore the nonlinear thermal radiation and heat absorption/generation aspects in rate type nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism. The bidirectional periodically moving surface induced the flow. The nonlinear radiation features are elaborated in the heat equation. With applications of apposite primarily quantities, the governed equations are transmuted into non-dimensional form. The homotopic procedure is followed to result the simulation analysis. A comprehensive physical analysis is performed for velocity, nanofluid temperature, concentration distribution and motile microorganism profile. The numerical evaluation for change in heat, mass and motile microorganisms is carefully examined with appliance of various graphs and tables. The observations yield out from current contribution reveal that relaxation parameter and Hartmann number declined the both velocity components. The mixed convection constant sufficiently improves the velocity in contrast to buoyancy ratio forces. The surface heating parameter, Brownian constant and bouncy ratio constant improves the nanofluid temperature. An opposing trend in motile microorganism is noted with Peclet constant and bioconvected Lewis number.
Engineering the photoelectrochemical behaviors of ZnO for efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Ma Mengmeng , Huang Yanbin , Liu Jun , Liu Kong , Wang Zhijie , Zhao Chao , Qu Shengchun , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and solving the world’s crisis of energy and environment. The third-generation direct bandgap semiconductor of zinc oxide (ZnO) with properties of environmental friendliness and high efficiency for various photocatalytic reactions, is a suitable material for photoanodes because of its appropriate band structure, fine surface structure, and high electron mobility. However, practical applications of ZnO are usually limited by its high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, lack of surface reaction force, inadequate visible light response, and intrinsic photocorrosion. Given the lack of review on ZnO’s application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, this paper reviews ZnO’s research progress in PEC water splitting. It commences with the basic principle of PEC water splitting and the structure and properties of ZnO. Then, we explicitly describe the related strategies to solve the above problems of ZnO as a photoanode, including morphology control, doping modification, construction of heterostructure, and the piezo-photoelectric enhancement of ZnO. This review aims to comprehensively describe recent findings and developments of ZnO in PEC water splitting and to provide a useful reference for the further application and development of ZnO nanomaterials in highly efficient PEC water splitting.
Regulation of surface properties of photocatalysis material TiO2 by strain engineering
Authors: Zheng Jian , Shu Dajun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As a promising photocatalysis material, TiO2 has long been studied by experimental and theoretical methods. The external strain could affect the catalytic reactivity of TiO2 significantly due to the difference in surface elastic properties of different surface structures with different surface adsorption or defects. This article reviews our recent work by using density function theory calculations on the effect of strain on the TiO2 surface properties, including surface relative stability, surface defects, surface adsorption and dissociation.
Recent progress in organic electrodes for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Shuaifei , Sun Mingxuan , Wang Qian , Wang Chengliang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Organic zinc-ion batteries (OZIBs) are emerging rechargeable energy storage devices and have attracted increasing attention as one of the promising alternatives of lithium-ion batteries, benefiting from the Zn metal (low cost, safety and small ionic size) and organic electrodes (flexibility, green and designable molecular structure). Organic electrodes have exhibited fine electrochemical performance in ZIBs, but the research is still in infancy and hampered by some issues. Hence, to provide insight into OZIBs, this review summarizes the progress of organic cathode materials for ZIBs and points out the existing challenges and then addresses potential solutions. It is hoped that this review can stimulate the researchers to further develop high-performance OZIBs.
Rational design of multinary copper chalcogenide nanocrystals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fu Hao , Tang Aiwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is one of the most promising ways to solve environmental problems and produce a sustainable energy source. To date, different types of photocatalysts have been developed and widely used in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Recently, multinary copper chalcogenides have attracted much attention and exhibited potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their composition-tunable band gaps, diverse structures and environmental-benign characteristics. In this review, some progress on the synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of multinary copper chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) was summarized. In particular, considerable attention was paid to the rational design and dimensional or structural regulation of multinary copper chalcogenide NCs. Importantly, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of multinary copper chalcogenide NCs were reviewed from the aspects of energy level structures, crystal facets, morphology as well as composition. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of copper chalcogenide were proposed.
Pedestal structure, stability and scalings in JET-ILW: the EUROfusion JET-ILW pedestal database
Authors: Frassinetti L. , Saarelma S. , Verdoolaege G. , Groth M. , Hillesheim J.C. , Bilkova P. , Bohm P. , Dunne M. , Fridström R. , Giovannozzi E. , Imbeaux F. , Labit B. , de la Luna E. , Maggi C. , Owsiak M. , Scannell R. ,   JET contributors
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The EUROfusion JET-ILW pedestal database is described, with emphasis on three main issues. First, the technical aspects are introduced, including a description of the data selection, the datasets, the diagnostics used, the experimental and theoretical methods implemented and the main definitions. Second, the JET-ILW pedestal structure and stability are described. In particular, the work describes the links between the engineering parameters (power, gas and divertor configuration) and the disagreement with the peeling-ballooning (PB) model implemented with ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations. Specifically, the work clarifies why the JET-ILW pedestal tends to be far from the PB boundary at high gas and high power, showing that a universal threshold in power and gas cannot be found but that the relative shift (the distance between the position of the pedestal density and of the pedestal temperature) plays a key role. These links are then used to achieve an empirical explanation of the behavior of the JET-ILW pedestal pressure with gas, power and divertor configuration. Third, the pedestal database is used to revise the scaling law of the pedestal stored energy. The work shows a reasonable agreement with the earlier Cordey scaling in terms of plasma current and triangularity dependence, but highlights some differences in terms of power and isotope mass dependence.