bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibial Spine Location Influences Tibial Tunnel Placement in Anatomical Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Iriuchishima Takanori , Goto Bunsei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of tibial spine location on tibial tunnel placement in anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). A total of 39 patients undergoing anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction were included in this study (30 females and 9 males; average age: 29 ± 15.2 years). In anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction, the tibial and femoral tunnels were created close to the anteromedial bundle insertion site using a transportal technique. Using postoperative 3D-CT, accurate axial views of the tibia plateau were evaluated. By assuming the medial and anterior borders of the tibia plateau as 0% and the lateral and posterior borders as 100%, the location of the medial and lateral tibial spine, and the center of the tibial tunnel were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between tibial spine location and tibial tunnel placement. The medial tibial spine was located at 54.7 ± 4.5% from the anterior border and 41.3 ± 3% from the medial border. The lateral tibial spine was located at 58.7 ± 5.1% from the anterior border and 55.3 ± 2.8% from the medial border. The ACL tibial tunnel was located at 34.8 ± 7.7% from the anterior border and 48.2 ± 3.4% from the medial border. Mediolateral tunnel placement was significantly correlated with medial and lateral tibial spine location. However, for anteroposterior tunnel placement, no significant correlation was found. A significant correlation was observed between mediolateral ACL tibial tunnel placement and medial and lateral tibial spine location. For clinical relevance, tibial ACL tunnel placement might be unintentionally influenced by tibial spine location. Confirmation of the ACL footprint is required to create accurate anatomical tunnels during surgery. This is a Level III; case–control study.
On the role of perceptual similarity in producing visual
metaphors
Authors: Ojha Amitash , Indurkhya Bipin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We explore here the role of perceptual
similarity in producing visual metaphors. In the first part of the
study, we characterize visual metaphors and show how perceptual
similarity is used in various kinds of visual metaphors appearing in
advertisements. In the second part, we present two studies that show
that perceptual similarity is intuitively recognized, and
shape-based perceptual similarity is preferred for pictorial
metaphors. Finally, in the third part, we propose a system to
generate visual metaphors based on algorithmic perceptual
similarity.
On why people don’t say what they mean
Authors: Colston Herbert L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study addresses two problems with recent
psycholinguistic research on why people don’t say what they mean,
(1) possible underrepresentation in research studies of types of
figurative language found in everyday talk, and (2) potential
ecological validity problems due to using standard psycholinguistic
experimental methodologies and inauthentic language materials. In
three experiments, these problems were addressed using authentic
productions of a relatively unexplored figurative language type –
formulaic language, specifically gratitude
acknowledgements, which cover a range of figurativity
(e.g., “don’t worry about it”, through, “anytime”), often using
hyperbole as part of their functioning – a key focus of the present
study. The results demonstrate that speakers use figurative
gratitude acknowledgements to achieve the pragmatic effects of
politeness and esteem display as well as fondness expression, which
are not achieved to the same extents by nonfigurative gratitude
acknowledgements. The particular pragmatics of this figurative form,
the influence of these pragmatic effects on some theoretical
questions, and the broader implications of inclusion of new
figurative language forms, as well as authentic language items and
methods, in research on figurative language production and
pragmatics, are discussed.
The production of verbal irony
Authors: Kreuz Roger J. , Johnson Alexander A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although verbal irony has been a topic of
interest for researchers studying language comprehension, the
production of irony is also of great interest, since it highlights
the situational, pragmatic, and even cultural factors that affect
language use. Issues of production and interpretation have, if
anything, become even more salient with the rise of email, texting,
and social media. Even though such mediums are conversationally
impoverished, new conventions and nonliteral markers have evolved to
allow verbal irony to both survive and flourish online. This chapter
will provide a review and an assessment of the current state of the
literature on these topics.
Generating metaphors in product design
Authors: Cila Nazli , Hekkert Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A product metaphor mediates between the
experience process of a user and the generation process of a
designer. A user goes through the stages of perceiving that a
metaphor has been employed in a product, recognizing its target and
source, comprehending why these particular entities are brought
together, and appreciating (or not) this association. A designer has
a particular intention to attain through the product (i.e., target)
and comes up with a meaning to convey accordingly, finds a source
that can assign this meaning to the product, and creates a mapping
from this source to the product. In this chapter, we will first
present a basic framework for metaphoric communication and proceed
by elaborating on the designer side of the model. We will address
each step through presenting our own research findings and/or
analyzing current product metaphors in the market, and transform the
framework into a detailed metaphoric communication model. We will
end the chapter by discussing the model in a broader context of
metaphor generation process and give metaphor producers a summary of
considerations on creating more effective and aesthetic
metaphors.
Rock bottoms, juggling balls and
coalprints
Authors: MacArthur Fiona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In comparison with the interest shown in the
difficulties second language (L2) speakers have in understanding
English metaphors, very little attention has been paid to examining
the metaphors they actually produce, particularly in the oral mode.
In this chapter I examine the metaphors used by L2 speakers in
face-to-face interaction with native (L1) speakers or with other L2
speakers, using data from three different sources: the Vienna-Oxford
Corpus of International English (VOICE), the European Corpus of
Academic Talk (EuroCoAT), as well as smaller databases compiled in
the course of other research. I consider the following aspects of
metaphor production in L2 conversation: its frequency, its general
characteristics, its conventionality, and some of the factors that
prompt its use in discourse.
The production of time-related metaphors by people who have
experienced pregnancy loss
Authors: Turner Sarah , Littlemore Jeannette , Fuller Danielle , Kuberska Karolina , McGuinness Sheelagh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we focus on the ways in
which people who have experienced pregnancy loss use metaphor to
describe the experience, with a particular focus on time-related
metaphor. The data come from an ESRC-funded1 study that investigates the ways in which
people who have experienced bereavement following pregnancy loss
communicate their experiences. We use these data to explore the ways
in which the bereaved (and those who support them) use time-related
metaphors to talk about their experiences and suggest ways in which
such an analysis can be used to provide insight into the experiences
of the bereaved. We conclude by discussing the implications of our
findings for friends, colleagues and relatives.
A highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystal spectrometer in von Hamos geometry for x-ray fluorescence experiments
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Zhang Zhiyu , Lv Min , Hu Zhimin , An Zhu , Wei Minxi , Zhao Yang , Yang Jiamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A high-resolution x-ray spectrometer has been designed and constructed, using a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite Bragg crystal in von Hamos geometry. The spectrometer was designed to study x-ray fluorescence emissions of Ti, and it covers a detecting energy range from 4000 eV to 5500 eV. The factors affecting the spectral resolution and efficiency of the spectrometer were discussed. In particular, the bending of the spectral lines on the image plate was also corrected, due to the detecting plane not being parallel to the axis of the cylindrically curved crystal. Its performance has been evaluated in a laser–foil interaction experiment. The experimental results indicate that the spectrometer is of good spectral resolution and relatively high efficiency, which enables it as a suitable device for the measurements of high-resolution x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
Enhanced laser wakefield acceleration using dual-color relativistic pulses
Authors: Hafz Nasr A M , Li Guangyu , Li Song , Ain Quratul , Gao Kai , Saeed Muhammad , Papp Daniel , Zhu Jianqiang , Kamperidis Christos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a recent article by Li et al (2019 Sci. Adv. 5. eaav7940), experimental results from a dual-color laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) were presented. In the present paper we, primarily, focus on detailed simulation studies of such a scheme in the self-injection and ionization injection regimes, respectively. The spatiotemporally-overlapped 30 fs dual-color laser pulses are at fundamental (FL, 800 nm, ‘red’) and second-harmonic (SH, 400 nm, ‘blue’) wavelengths. They are (a) co-propagating in an under-dense plasma, (b) relativistically intense (I > 1018 W cm−2) and (c) having relatively high-energy (multi-Joule, loose focusing) and low-energy (sub-Joule, tight focusing), respectively. The basic concept of the scheme is the fact that the depletion length (L
pd) for a relativistic laser pulse in an under-dense plasma has an inverse quadratic dependence on the laser wavelength (∝1/λ
2). Here, first by using a single FL 77 TW/30 fs laser pulse to drive a LWFA, an electron beam was accelerated up to ∼400 MeV from a background plasma having an electron density of 1019 cm−3. Then, by driving the same LWFA by co-propagating ‘blue’ 7 TW/30 fs and ‘red’ 70 TW/30 fs laser pulses, the electron energy reached ∼700–800 MeV (maximum). The simulations confirm that in such a dual-color LWFA scheme, the role of the SH laser pulse is post-accelerating electrons after a rapid depletion of the FL laser pulse in the plasma. Furthermore, the SH pulse assists the ionization-injection of the electrons which is an additional benefit of the dual-color LWFA scheme.
Non-random distribution of vacuoles in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Chadwick William L , Biswas Sujoy K , Bianco Simone , Chan Yee-Hung M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A central question in eukaryotic cell biology asks, during cell division, how is the growth and distribution of organelles regulated to ensure each daughter cell receives an appropriate amount. For vacuoles in budding yeast, there are well described organelle-to-cell size scaling trends as well as inheritance mechanisms involving highly coordinated movements. It is unclear whether such mechanisms are necessary in the symmetrically dividing fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in which random partitioning may be utilized to distribute vacuoles to daughter cells. To address the increasing need for high-throughput analysis, we are augmenting existing semi-automated image processing by developing fully automated machine learning methods for locating vacuoles and segmenting fission yeast cells from brightfield and fluorescence micrographs. All strains studied show qualitative correlations in vacuole-to-cell size scaling trends, i.e. vacuole volume, surface area, and number all increase with cell size. Furthermore, increasing vacuole number was found to be a consistent mechanism for the increase in total vacuole size in the cell. Vacuoles are not distributed evenly throughout the cell with respect to available cytoplasm. Rather, vacuoles show distinct peaks in distribution close to the nucleus, and this preferential localization was confirmed in mutants in which nucleus position is perturbed. Disruption of microtubules leads to quantitative changes in both vacuole size scaling trends and distribution patterns, indicating the microtubule cytoskeleton is a key mechanism for maintaining vacuole structure.
Charge transport and quantum confinement in MoS2 dual-gated transistors
Authors: Liao Fuyou , Wang Hongjuan , Guo Xiaojiao , Guo Zhongxun , Tong Ling , Riaud Antoine , Sheng Yaochen , Chen Lin , Sun Qingqing , Zhou Peng , Zhang David Wei , Chai Yang , Jiang Xiangwei , Liu Yan , Bao Wenzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Semiconductive two dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant research attention due to their rich band structures and promising potential for next-generation electrical devices. In this work, we investigate the MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) with a dual-gated (DG) architecture, which consists of symmetrical thickness for back gate (BG) and top gate (TG) dielectric. The thickness-dependent charge transport in our DG-MoS2 device is revealed by a four-terminal electrical measurement which excludes the contact influence, and the TCAD simulation is also applied to explain the experimental data. Our results indicate that the impact of quantum confinement effect plays an important role in the charge transport in the MoS2 channel, as it confines charge carriers in the center of the channel, which reduces the scattering and boosts the mobility compared to the single gating case. Furthermore, temperature-dependent transfer curves reveal that multi-layer MoS2 DG-FET is in the phonon-limited transport regime, while single layer MoS2 shows typical Coulomb impurity limited regime.
A biomimetic electrical stimulation strategy to induce asynchronous stochastic neural activity
Authors: Formento Emanuele , D’Anna Edoardo , Gribi Sandra , Lacour Stéphanie P , Micera Silvestro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective. Electrical stimulation is an effective method for artificially modulating the activity of the nervous system. However, current stimulation paradigms fail to reproduce the stochastic and asynchronous properties of natural neural activity. Here, we introduce a novel biomimetic stimulation (BioS) strategy that overcomes these limitations. Approach. We hypothesized that high-frequency amplitude-modulated bursts of stimulation could induce asynchronous neural firings by distributing recruitment over the duration of a burst, without sacrificing the ability to precisely control neural activity. We tested this hypothesis using computer simulations and ex vivo experiments. Main results. We found that BioS bursts induce asynchronous, stochastic, yet controllable, neural activity. We established that varying the amplitude, duration, and repetition frequency of a BioS burst enables graded modulation of the number of recruited fibers, their firing rate, and the synchronicity of their responses. Significance. These results demonstrate an unprecedented level of control over artificially induced neural activity, enabling the design of next-generation BioS paradigms with potentially profound consequences for the field of neurostimulation.
The design and performance of the ATLAS Inner Detector trigger in high pile-up collisions at 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Abraham Nicola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The design and performance of the ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) trigger algorithms running online on the high level trigger (HLT) processor farm for 13 TeV LHC collision data with high pile-up are discussed. The HLT ID tracking is a vital component in all physics signatures in the ATLAS trigger for the precise selection of the rare or interesting events necessary for physics analysis without overwhelming the offline data storage in terms of both size and rate. To cope with the high expected interaction rates in the 13 TeV LHC collisions the ID trigger was redesigned during the 2013-15 long shutdown. The performance of the ID trigger in Run 2 from 13 TeV LHC collisions exceeded expectations as the pile-up increased throughout the run periods. The detailed efficiencies and resolutions of the trigger in a wide range of physics signatures spanning the entire Run 2 production luminosity data-taking are presented, to demonstrating that the trigger responded well under the extreme pile-up conditions. The performance of the ID trigger algorithms in ever higher pile-up collisions illustrates how the ID trigger continued to enable the ATLAS physics program and will continue to do so in the future.
Probing Neural Networks for the Gamma/Hadron Separation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Lyard E , Walter R , Sliusar V , Produit N 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe compared convolutional neural networks to the classical boosted decision trees for the separation of atmospheric particle showers generated by gamma rays from the particle-induced background. We conduct the comparison of the two techniques applied to simulated observation data from the Cherenkov Telescope Array. We then looked at the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves produced by the two approaches and discuss the similarities and differences between both. We found that neural networks overperformed classical techniques under specific conditions.
Emerging local delivery strategies to enhance bone regeneration
Authors: Elangovan Satheesh , Gajendrareddy Praveen , Ravindran Sriram , Salem Aliasger K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In orthopedics and dentistry there is an increasing need for novel biomaterials and clinical strategies to achieve predictable bone regeneration. These novel molecular strategies have the potential to eliminate the limitations of currently available approaches. Specifically, they have the potential to reduce or eliminate the need to harvest autogenous bone, and the overall complexity of the clinical procedures. In this review, emerging tissue engineering strategies that have been, or are currently being, developed based on the current understanding of bone biology, development and wound healing will be discussed. In particular, protein/peptide based approaches, DNA/RNA therapeutics, cell therapy, and the use of exosomes will be briefly covered. The review ends with a summary of the current status of these approaches, their clinical translational potentials and their challenges.
Sea surface temperature in coral reef restoration outcomes
Authors: Foo Shawna A , Asner Gregory P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Successful restoration of coral reefs depends on the survival of outplanted species. Research shows that outplanting survival is mixed, with outplants often experiencing rapid mortality in response to various stressors. We used published results on outplant monitoring to investigate the role of sea surface temperature in the survival rates of corals. We find that the maximum temperature experienced at an outplanting site is very important in determining outplant survival, with ∼50% mortality occurring if temperatures reach 30.5 °C. Some genera, however, are more tolerant than others. Outplant survival increases when sites experience greater variability in temperature, where outplants are exposed to temperatures both warmer and cooler than the long-term mean. Similar results were found when considering temperature conditions of the site in the year prior to outplanting. Thus, sea surface temperature data can be used as a tool to assess whether a restoration site is appropriate, with sites chosen to increase outplant survival.
Soil indigenous nutrients increase the resilience of maize yield to climatic warming in China
Authors: Deng Xi , Huang Yao , Qin Zhangcai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Climate warming leads to crop yield loss. Although investigations have shown the region-specific effect of climate warming on maize yield in China, the determinants of this region-specific effect are poorly known. Using county-level data from 1980 to 2010 for China, we investigated the dependence of yield change under climate warming on soil indigenous nutrients. Analysis of the data indicated an average decrease of 2.6% in maize yield for 1 °C warming. Warming-related yield loss occurred mostly in western China, the North China Plain, and the southwest region of Northeast China. By contrast, climate warming did not decline maize yield in the northern region of Northeast China, south, and southwest China. Summer maize is more sensitive to warming than spring maize. A 1 °C warming resulted in an average loss of 3.3% for summer maize and 1.8% for spring maize. The region-specific change in yield can be well quantified by a combination of soil indigenous total nitrogen (STN), available phosphorus (SAP), and available potassium (SAK). Under climate warming, maize yields in regions with high STN generally increased, while the risk of yield reduction appeared in regions with high SAK. Areas that were vulnerable (defined as a yield loss higher than 1% for a 1 °C increase) to climate warming accounted for 62%, while areas that showed resilience (defined as a yield increase higher than 1% for a 1 °C increase) to climate warming accounted for 27% of the planting area. An increase in nitrogen fertilizer application is expected to reduce the risk of yield reduction in regions with low STN. Our findings highlight soil resilience to climate warming and underline the practice of fertilizer management to mitigate yield loss due to climate warming.
A multidisciplinary approach to archaeological research in Sant’Arsenio (Salerno, Italy): new methodologies and consolidated practices for the knowledge of cultural heritage
Authors: Abate N , Aromando A , Lasaponara R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the data collected for the municipality of Sant’Arsenio through the use of new open source Remote Sensing and Earth Observation technologies and normal archaeological research techniques. Sentinel-2 data, Google tools and Italian Ministry of Environment resources have been very useful. Multispectral images, high-resolution satellite images and aerial photos were combined with information from historical and modern bibliography and field surveys to maximise information. The study allowed us to discover several areas of archaeological interest and provide their location to the municipality of Sant’Arsenio for their preservation, protection and enhancement.
When 3D Models of Real Environment become 3D Maps?
Authors: Bandrova Temenoujka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The report considers the cartographical elements applied in 3D mapping which help a 3D model to become a 3D map: user requirements, map contents, symbol system, accuracy, scale, projections and generalization, different levels of details. The new cartographical elements are added to improve the 3D maps: virtual camera, shades, lights and animation. Such approach will help map makers to represent geo-localization of the represented objects, measurements of the cartographic model and cartographic symbolization for correct information to the users.