bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of predator‐induced behavioural plasticity on the temperature dependence of predator–prey activity and population dynamics
Authors: Gvoždík Lumír , Boukal David S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Predation is a key ecological interaction affecting populations and communities. Climate warming can modify this interaction both directly by the kinetic effects of temperature on biological rates and indirectly through integrated behavioural and physiological responses of the predators and prey. Temperature dependence of predation rates can further be altered by predator‐induced plasticity of prey locomotor activity, but empirical data about this effect are lacking.

We propose a general framework to understand the influence of predator‐induced developmental plasticity on behavioural thermal reaction norms in prey and their consequences for predator–prey dynamics. Using a mesocosm experiment with dragonfly larvae (predator) and newt larvae (prey), we tested if the predator‐induced plasticity alters the elevation or the slope of the thermal reaction norms for locomotor activity metrics in prey. We also estimated the joint predator–prey thermal response in mean locomotor speed, which determines prey encounter rate, and modelled the effect of both phenomena on predator–prey population dynamics.

Thermal reaction norms for locomotor activity in prey were affected by predation risk cues but with minor influence on the joint predator–prey behavioural response. We found that predation risk cues significantly decreased the intercept of thermal reaction norm for total activity rate (i.e. all body movements) but not the other locomotor activity metrics in the prey, and that prey locomotor activity rate and locomotor speed increased with prey density.

Temperature had opposite effects on the mean relative speed of predator and prey as individual speed increased with temperature in predators but decreased in prey. This led to a negligible effect of body temperature on predicted prey encounter rates and predator–prey dynamics. The behavioural component of predator–prey interaction varied much more between individuals than with temperature and the presence of predation risk cues in our system.

We conclude that within‐population variation in locomotor activity can buffer the influence of body temperature and predation risk cues on predator–prey interactions, and further research should focus on the magnitude and sources of behavioural variation in interacting species to predict the impact of climate change on predator–prey interactions and food web dynamics.
Dynamic effects of insect herbivory and climate on tundra shrub growth: Roles of browsing and ramet age
Authors: Virtanen Risto , Clark Adam Thomas , den Herder Michael , Roininen Heikki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

To predict shrub responses under climate change in tundra, we need to understand how thermal conditions and herbivory contribute to growth. We hypothesise that shrub growth increases with thermal conditions and precipitation, but that this increase is counteracted by insect herbivory, and that these climate–insect herbivory relationships are modified by both browsing and plant age.

We use empirical dynamic modelling (EDM) to analyse a 20‐year time series on willow Salix phylicifolia shoot growth, growing degree days, summer precipitation and herbivory from an experiment at forest–tundra ecotone. The experiment includes manipulations of avian and mammal browsing (fences) and ramet age (pruning to rejuvenate willows).

Negative effects of insect herbivory on willow shoot growth were intensified during warmer years, whereas increasing precipitation led to reduced effects. Moreover, the effect of insect herbivores on shoot growth varied with ramet age and vertebrate browsing: younger ramets generally experienced less negative insect herbivore effects, whereas ptarmigan browsing was associated with more positive temperature effects on shoot growth, and reindeer browsing with more negative effects of insect herbivory and precipitation.

Synthesis. Our findings show that the negative effects of insect herbivory on shoot growth likely intensify under warmer thermal conditions, but that increasing precipitation can counteract these effects. Moreover, changes in thermal conditions, precipitation and vertebrate browsers all have predictable, albeit complex and nonlinear, effects on shrub growth, highlighting the importance of long‐term experimental data and flexible analytical methods such as EDM for characterising climate and community interactions in artic systems.
Antifatigue effect of functional cookies fortified with mushroom powder (Tricholoma Matsutake) in mice
Authors: Ma Ning , Tao Hongling , Du Hengjun , Zhao Liyan , Hu Qiuhui , Xiao Hang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBakery products made by cereal and edible fungi powder have a unique flavor and health benefits, dramatically enhancing the nutritional value of the products. In this study, we investigated the antifatigue effect of a novel Tricholoma matsutake cookie (TMC) by the exhaustive swimming test. Male Kunming ICR mice were randomly divided into seven groups (each group, n = 10), fed with saline, ordinary cookies (4, 8, 16 g/kg B.W./day), and TMC (4, 8, 16 g/kg B.W./day) by gavage. After 30‐day administration, the weight‐loaded swimming test was carried out on the mice to evaluate the antifatigue effect of TMC. In comparison with the effect of ordinary cookies, the intake of TMC significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of mice and increased the level of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen, accompanied by the reduction of lactic acid and urea nitrogen level in serum. Additionally, TMC dramatically improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum and largely decreased the level of malondialdehyde. All in all, TMC could enforce exhaustive swimming tolerance, accelerate the decomposition of sports‐related metabolites such as lactic acid and urea nitrogen, and increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, thereby improving sports‐related energy storage and relieving fatigue. Our findings broadened the application of T. matsutake in the processing of bakery products and provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of antifatigue products.Practical ApplicationIn this study, we investigated the antifatigue effect of a novel Tricholoma matsutake cookie by the exhaustive swimming test. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that the cookies fortified with T. matsutake could be considered as an antifatigue bakery product. Furthermore, our findings broadened the application of T. matsutake in the processing of bakery products and provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of antifatigue products.
Did Sejong the Great have ankylosing spondylitis? The oldest documented case of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lee JiHwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimSejong the Great (May 7, 1397‐March 30, 1450), a king during Korea's Choson Dynasty, is the most respected historical figure in South Korean society, and consequently, many studies have been conducted on his achievements and the disease he suffered. The dominant trend of scholarship claims that Sejong suffered from diabetic retinopathy. However, this interpretation has not been medically verified. The present analysis aimed to demonstrate that Sejong's is the oldest documented case of ankylosing spondylitis.MethodsThe Annals of the Choson Dynasty (hereafter, The Annals) are daily records of the king. The Annals were recorded for 472 years (1392‐1865) and contain 49 646 667 Chinese characters. Records in The Annals on Sejong span 1418‐1450; the present study author reviewed these records.ResultsSejong's medical records are mentioned 40 times in the source text. The king first experienced musculoskeletal pain in his knee at the age of 22 years. Sejong's knee pain is mentioned 3 times, and his back pain, which he described as “stiff and immobile”, is mentioned 6 times. He complained most frequently of ocular symptoms described as “prickly or tingling,” which are mentioned 12 times.ConclusionsBased on the analysis of official documentation, the author argues that there is a high probability that Sejong suffered from ankylosing spondylitis, making this the oldest officially documented case of the disease.
Hair graying with aging in mice carrying oncogenic RET
Authors: Iida Machiko , Tazaki Akira , Yajima Ichiro , Ohgami Nobutaka , Taguchi Nobuhiko , Goto Yuji , Kumasaka Mayuko Y. , Prévost‐Blondel Armelle , Kono Michihiro , Akiyama Masashi , Takahashi Masahide , Kato Masashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHair graying is a representative sign of aging in animals and humans. However, the mechanism for hair graying with aging remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the microscopic appearance of hair follicles without melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) and descendant melanocytes as well as macroscopic appearances of hair graying in RET‐transgenic mice carrying RET oncogene (RET‐mice) are in accordance with previously reported results for hair graying in humans. Therefore, RET‐mice could be a novel model mouse line for age‐related hair graying. We further showed hair graying with aging in RET‐mice associated with RET‐mediated acceleration of hair cycles, increase of senescent follicular keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), and decreased expression levels of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in bulges, decreased endothelin receptor B (Ednrb) expression in MSCs, resulting in a decreased number of follicular MSCs. We then showed that hair graying in RET‐mice was accelerated by congenitally decreased Ednrb expression in MSCs in heterozygously Ednrb‐deleted RET‐mice [Ednrb(+/−);RET‐mice]. We finally partially confirmed common mechanisms of hair graying with aging in mice and humans. Taken together, our results suggest that age‐related dysfunction between ET‐1 in follicular KSCs and endothelin receptor B (Ednrb) in follicular MSCs via cumulative hair cycles is correlated with hair graying with aging.
Distracted institutional investors and audit risk
Authors: Yang Jingyu , Wu Hai , Yu Yangxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing a newly developed institutional investor distraction measure, we examine whether auditors increase their risk assessment when clients’ institutional investors temporarily reduce their monitoring activities. We find that audit fees and audit report lags increase during periods when institutional investors temporarily focus their attention on other parts of their portfolio. This effect is stronger when dedicated institutional investors are distracted. We further show that the identified relationship is weaker in the post‐Sarbanes‐Oxley Act period. Finally, we find that the impact of investor distraction on audit fees and lags is more pronounced for firms with weaker board oversight and higher discretionary accruals. Collectively, our results suggest that institutional shareholders’ monitoring activities benefit auditors by reducing audit risk. This paper also shows that the negative effect of investors’ limited attention on corporate monitoring can be somewhat mitigated by auditors.
Developing a prototype for integrated dental and diabetes care: understanding needs and priorities
Authors: McGowan K , Phillips T , Gielis E , Dover T , Mitchell G , Mutch A , Sexton C , Sowa PM , Ivanovski S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal treatment may be a useful adjunct to medical management of diabetes; however, oral health has not been integrated into multidisciplinary diabetes care in Australia. This study aimed to understand the needs of patients and staff at a diabetes clinic to inform a prototype of integrated dental and diabetes care.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected from patients and staff at West Moreton Diabetes Clinic (WMDC) between September‐October 2019. Clinical information, survey responses and dental screening results were analysed for 41 patients. Semi‐structured interviews were held with six patients and a focus group with seven staff.ResultsMost patients (83%) had not seen a dentist in the previous year. Of the 37 patients with remaining natural teeth, 84% required periodontal assessment and 46% had multiple carious lesions. Unmet treatment needs and rates of access were similar for private and public dental patients. Staff and patients reported high levels of support for incorporation of dental care at WMDC.ConclusionsIntegrating oral health into diabetes management is well‐supported by patients and staff to address significant unmet dental needs for both public and private dental patients. Incorporating dental screening/services within diabetes clinics may increase uptake and improve awareness of its importance in diabetes management.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris during the canal preparation using new heat‐treated nickel‐titanium files in curved canals
Authors: Düzgün Salih , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Kahraman Ömür 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study compared the amount of apically extruded debris associated with different heat‐treated Ni‐Ti rotary systems during the preparation of curved root canals of mandibular molars. Sixty extracted human mandibular molars were selected. EdgeFile, K3XF, OneCurve (OC) and ROTATE files were used to prepare both mesial canals of teeth. The initial weight of each Eppendorf tube to be used was calculated using an analytical balance prior to instrumentation. After instrumentation, the tubes were then stored for 5 days in an incubator at 70°C. Each tube was reweighed, and the weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre‐instrumentation and post‐instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. All files caused apical extrusion of debris. There was no statistical difference between the ROTATE, EdgeFile, OC and K3XF systems (P > 0.05). All the heat‐treated Ni‐Ti rotary systems led to similar apical debris extrusion during the canal preparation.
Populism and Muslim democracies
Authors: Mohamad Shukri Syaza Farhana , Smajljaj Avdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPopulism has been on the rise from the United States to India. Populist leaders have used the veneer of a national crisis to legitimize a leadership that dignifies a section of the population over another. The strategy of cultural populists could lead to terrible consequences to those who may not subscribe to the political beliefs of the leaders. This article examines cultural populists in several Muslim democracies. Applying the method of agreement and method of difference together with calculation of the effective number of parties, this article analyzes the phenomenon of cultural populism in Indonesia, Malaysia and Tunisia. It is argued that political diversity in a democratic system encourages the rise of cultural populism. This paper adds to the growing literature on populism through a comparative analysis of Muslim democracies in Asia and elsewhere.
Type D personality and blunted cardiovascular stress reactivity: Role of task engagement
Authors: Lü Wei , Yao Ziyan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe underlying mechanisms for linking Type D personality to cardiovascular stress reactivity remain unknown. The present study explored the possible mediating role of cognitive appraisals of stress and/or motivational levels involved in stress in the association between Type D personality and cardiovascular stress reactivity.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsChinese version of Type D Scale‐14 was administered to 154 undergraduate students who underwent psychosocial stress during which the physiological data were continuously monitored, and cognitive appraisals indexed by a ratio of perceived stress demands to perceived personal resources and motivational levels engaged in stress indexed by self‐reported stress task engagement were immediately assessed after the stress exposure.ResultsResults indicated that Type D personality was related to blunted HR, SBP, and DBP reactivity to stress. Self‐reported stress task engagement mediated the relation between Type D personality and blunted cardiovascular stress reactivity. The mediation effect of cognitive appraisals on this link was non‐significant.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that motivational disengagement in the psychosocial stress task might be an important pathway linking Type D personality to blunted cardiovascular stress reactivity.
Regional correlation and seismic stratigraphy of Triassic Strata in the Greater Barents Sea: Implications for sediment transport in Arctic basins
Authors: Gilmullina Albina , Klausen Tore Grane , Paterson Niall William , Suslova Anna , Eide Christian Haug 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Greater Barents Sea Basin (GBSB) in Arctic Russia and Norway is an intracratonic basin that accommodated an enormous amount of sediment during the Triassic. These deposits are up to 4.5 km thick over an area 2,500,000 km2, and consist of marine mudstones and mudstone‐rich fluvio‐deltaic topsets with sandstone‐dominated fluvial channels. The basin is well‐studied and data‐rich, but regional correlation between different parts is lacking. Provenance data from adjacent Arctic basins have been interpreted to imply sediment transport from the Ural orogen across the GBSB, but these are disputed because of great transport distances, poorly constrained sediment‐transport directions and unknown timing of bypass. We integrated data from 3,238 seismic lines, 257 wells and palynostratigraphy, as well as published outcrop data, to create the first unified stratigraphic framework for the Triassic deposits across the entire GBSB. Results show that (1) sediment was transported northwest by one linked sedimentary system stretching across the entire basin; (2) sediment was derived from a source in the east comprising the Urals and West Siberia; (3) the main stratigraphic boundaries are major flooding surfaces which can be traced throughout the basin; and (4) significant amounts of sediment overspilled from the Barents Sea into adjacent sedimentary basins, starting with the Lomonosov Ridge from the Early Triassic, and into basins to the northwest (e.g. Sverdrup, Chukotka) during the late Carnian. These results provide a better understanding of geodynamics and provenance data in the Arctic, to improve the prediction of reservoirs in the area, and indicate a protracted uplift‐history of the northernmost Urals that started in the Carnian ~237 Ma. Furthermore, it shows how large intracratonic basins interact with uplands and subside over tens of millions of years.
Differential prognostic factors in low‐ and high‐burden de novo metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer patients
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Terada Naoki , Saito Toshihiro , Yokomizo Akira , Kohei Naoki , Goto Takayuki , Kawamura Sadafumi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Takahashi Atsushi , Kimura Takahiro , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Tomida Ryotaro , Hashimoto Kohei , Sakurai Toshihiko , Shimazui Toru , Sakamoto Shinichi , Kamiyama Manabu , Tanaka Nobumichi , Mitsuzuka Koji , Kato Takuma , Narita Shintaro , Yasumoto Hiroaki , Teraoka Shogo , Kato Masashi , Osawa Takahiro , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Enokida Hideki , Sugiyama Takayuki , Kuroiwa Kentaro , Inoue Takahiro , Mizowaki Takashi , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Kojima Takahiro , Kitamura Hiroshi , Sugimoto Mikio , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Eto Masatoshi ,   Japanese Urological Oncology Group (JUOG)
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetastatic burden is a critical factor for therapy decision‐making in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. The present study aimed to identify prognostic factors in men with high‐ or low‐metastatic burden treated with primary androgen‐deprivation therapy. The study included 2450 men with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with primary androgen‐deprivation therapy at 30 institutions across Japan between 2008 and 2017. We investigated the prognostic value of various clinicopathological parameters for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients stratified by low‐ or high‐metastatic burden. Among the 2450 men, 841 (34.3%) and 1609 (65.7%) were classified as having low‐ and high‐metastatic burden, respectively. Median PFS of the low‐ and high‐burden groups were 44.5 and 16.1 months, respectively, and the median OS was 103.2 and 62.7 months, respectively. Percentage of biopsy‐positive core, biopsy Gleason grade group, T‐stage, and N‐stage were identified to be differentially prognostic. M1a was associated with worse PFS than was M1b in the low‐burden group, whereas lung metastasis was associated with better PFS and OS than was M1b in the high‐burden group. Differential prognostic factors were identified for patients with low‐ and high‐burden metastatic prostate cancer. These results may assist in decision‐making to select the optimal therapeutic strategies for patients with different metastatic burdens.
Expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and β2‐microglobulin in colorectal cancer and its prognostic impact
Authors: Na Hee Young , Park Yujun , Nam Soo Kyung , Lee Kyu Sang , Oh Heung‐Kwon , Kim Duck‐Woo , Kang Sung‐Bum , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Hye Seung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDownregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has been postulated to be a mechanism of adaptive immune escape in various tumors, especially microsatellite instability–high (MSI‐H) colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HLA class I and β2‐microglobulin (β2M) expression in MSI‐H and microsatellite‐stable (MSS) CRCs and determine its prognostic impact. The representative areas from the tumor center (TC) and tumor periphery (TP) from 300 CRCs, including 161 MSI‐H and 139 MSS cases, were selected to construct a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HLA A/B/C, β2M, CD3, and CD8 was performed. Reduced HLA A/B/C expression was detected in 113 (70.2%) MSI‐H and 54 (38.8%) MSS cases, while reduced β2M expression was observed in 69 (42.9%) MSI‐H and 17 (12.2%) MSS cases. Although reduced β2M expression was associated with higher pathological tumor (pT) stage in MSI‐H CRC with borderline significance, no association was found between HLA A/B/C and β2M expression and survival. Interestingly, reduced HLA A/B/C expression in MSS was associated with higher stage, and reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, reduced HLA A/B/C and β2M expression was frequently observed in immunotherapy‐naive MSI‐H CRC, suggesting the possibility of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor. Interestingly, downregulation of HLA A/B/C and β2M was associated with poor prognosis in MSS cancers. Overall, IHC for HLA A/B/C and β2M might be a feasible predictive or prognostic tool in CRC.
The role of Hippo‐YAP signaling in squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Maehama Tomohiko , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Mak Tak Wah , Suzuki Akira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Hippo‐YAP pathway regulates organ size, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis in mammals. In response to cell density, external mechanical pressure, and/or other stimuli, the Hippo core complex controls the translocation of YAP1/TAZ proteins to the nucleus and thereby regulates cell growth. Abnormal upregulation or nuclear localization of YAP1/TAZ occurs in many human malignancies and promotes their formation, progression, and metastasis. A key example is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) genesis. Many risk factors and crucial signals associated with SCC development in various tissues accelerate YAP1/TAZ accumulation, and mice possessing constitutively activated YAP1/TAZ show immediate carcinoma in situ (CIS) formation in these tissues. Because CIS onset is so rapid in these mutants, we propose that many SCCs initiate and progress when YAP1 activity is sustained and exceeds a certain oncogenic threshold. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the roles of YAP1/TAZ in several types of SCCs. We also discuss whether targeting aberrant YAP1/TAZ activation might be a promising strategy for SCC treatment.