bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation of a medical ventilator with a realistic lungs model
Authors: Yeshurun Tamir , Bar David Yoav , Herman Alon , Bar-Sheshet Stav , Zilberman Ronen , Bachar Gil , Liberzon Alexander , Segev Gideon 
Published: November 2020

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the necessity for accessible and affordable medical ventilators for healthcare providers. To meet this challenge, researchers and engineers world-wide have embarked on an effort to design simple medical ventilators that can be easily distributed. This study provides a simulation model of a simple one-sensor controlled, medical ventilator system including a realistic lungs model and the synchronization between a patient breathing and the ventilator. This model can assist in the design and optimization of these newly developed systems. Methods: The model simulates the ventilator system suggested and built by the “Manshema” team which employs a positive-pressure controlled system, with air and oxygen inputs from a hospital external gas supply. The model was constructed using Simscape™ (MathWorks®) and guidelines for building an equivalent model in OpenModelica software are suggested. The model implements an autonomously breathing, realistic lung model, and was calibrated against the ventilator prototype, accurately simulating the ventilator operation. Results: The model allows studying the expected gas flow and pressure in the patient’s lungs, testing various control schemes and their synchronization with the patient’s breathing. The model components, inputs, and outputs are described, an example for a simple, positive end expiratory pressure control mode is given, and the synchronization with healthy and ARDS patients is analyzed. Conclusions: We provide a simulator of a medical ventilation including realistic, autonomously breathing lungs model. The simulator allows testing different control schemes for the ventilator and its synchronization with a breathing patient. Implementation of this model may assist in efforts to develop simple and accessible medical ventilators to meet the global demand.
Ocular surface manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Kanika , Agarwal Aniruddha , Jaiswal Nishant , Dahiya Neha , Ahuja Alka , Mahajan Sarakshi , Tong Louis , Duggal Mona , Singh Meenu , Agrawal Rupesh , Gupta Vishali 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study was performed to determine the occurrence of ocular surface manifestations in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases i.e. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, OVID and Google scholar was performed using a comprehensive search strategy. The searches were current through 31st May 2020. Pooled data from cross-sectional studies was used for meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis was conducted for studies where a meta-analysis was not feasible.ResultsA total of 16 studies reporting 2347 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Pooled data showed that 11.64% of COVID-19 patients had ocular surface manifestations. Ocular pain (31.2%), discharge (19.2%), redness (10.8%), and follicular conjunctivitis (7.7%) were the main features. 6.9% patients with ocular manifestations had severe pneumonia. Viral RNA was detected from the ocular specimens in 3.5% patients.ConclusionThe most common reported ocular presentations of COVID-19 included ocular pain, redness, discharge, and follicular conjunctivitis. A small proportion of patients had viral RNA in their conjunctival/tear samples. The available studies show significant publication bias and heterogeneity. Prospective studies with methodical collection and data reporting are needed for evaluation of ocular involvement in COVID-19.
Quantifying the collective influence of social determinants of health using conditional and cluster modeling
Authors: Rethorn Zachary D. , Garcia Alessandra N. , Cook Chad E. , Gottfried Oren N. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesOur objective was to analyze the collective effect of social determinants of health (SDoH) on lumbar spine surgery outcomes utilizing two different statistical methods of combining variables.MethodsThis observational study analyzed data from the Quality Outcomes Database, a nationwide United States spine registry. Race/ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, insurance payer, and gender were predictors of interest. We built two models to assess the collective influence of SDoH on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery—a stepwise model using each number of SDoH conditions present (0 of 5, 1 of 5, 2 of 5, etc) and a clustered subgroup model. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, multimorbidity, surgical indication, type of lumbar spine surgery, and surgical approach were performed to identify the odds of failing to demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements in disability, back pain, leg pain, quality of life, and patient satisfaction at 3- and 12-months following lumbar spine surgery.ResultsStepwise modeling outperformed individual SDoH when 4 of 5 SDoH were present. Cluster modeling revealed 4 distinct subgroups. Disparities between the younger, minority, lower socioeconomic status and the younger, white, higher socioeconomic status subgroups were substantially wider compared to individual SDoH.DiscussionCollective and cluster modeling of SDoH better predicted failure to demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements than individual SDoH in this cohort. Viewing social factors in aggregate rather than individually may offer more precise estimates of the impact of SDoH on outcomes.
Localized prediction of tissue outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients using diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI datasets
Authors: Grosser Malte , Gellißen Susanne , Borchert Patrick , Sedlacik Jan , Nawabi Jawed , Fiehler Jens , Forkert Nils D. 
Published: November 2020

Background
An accurate prediction of tissue outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients is of high interest for treatment decision making. To date, various machine learning models have been proposed that combine multi-parametric imaging data for this purpose. However, most of these machine learning models were trained using voxel information extracted from the whole brain, without taking differences in susceptibility to ischemia into account that exist between brain regions. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a local tissue outcome prediction approach, which makes predictions using locally trained machine learning models and thus accounts for regional differences.

Material and methods
Multi-parametric MRI data from 99 acute ischemic stroke patients were used for the development and evaluation of the local tissue outcome prediction approach. Diffusion (ADC) and perfusion parameter maps (CBF, CBV, MTT, Tmax) and corresponding follow-up lesion masks for each patient were registered to the MNI brain atlas. Logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) models were trained employing a local approach, which makes predictions using models individually trained for each specific voxel position using the corresponding local data. A global approach, which uses a single model trained using all voxels of the brain, was used for comparison. Tissue outcome predictions resulting from the global and local RF and LR models, as well as a combined (hybrid) approach were quantitatively evaluated and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), the Dice coefficient, and the sensitivity and specificity metrics.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed the highest ROC AUC and Dice values for the hybrid approach. With 0.872 (ROC AUC; LR) and 0.353 (Dice; RF), these values were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the values of the two other approaches. In addition, the local approach achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.448 (LR). Overall, the hybrid approach was only outperformed in sensitivity (LR) by the local approach and in specificity by both other approaches. However, in these cases the effect sizes were comparatively small.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that using locally trained machine learning models can lead to better lesion outcome prediction results compared to a single global machine learning model trained using all voxel information independent of the location in the brain.
Sub-fecundity and associated factors among mothers with natural planned conception attending antenatal care service in Arba Minch Health Facilities
Authors: Feyisa Jira Wakoya , Hebo Sultan Hussen , Negash Firdawek Getahun , Sidamo Negussie Boti , Gergiso Kabtamu Tolosie , Shimbre Mulugeta Shegaze , Chekol Bitew Mekonnen 
Published: November 2020

Background
Fecundity is a physiological ability to have children. The inability to get the desired child which was commonly caused by the prolonged time to conceive due to unwanted non-conception period increased from time to time. As a result, many couples are developing psychological, social, and economic problems and unstable life. However, information on fecundity status is limited in Ethiopia context. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of sub-fecundity and associated factors in Ethiopia context.

Methods
A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch health facilities from March 25 to April 25, 2020. By using a systematic sampling method, 539 mothers were selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the sub-fecundity. Variables with p-value <0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were interred and checked for association in a multivariable logistic regression model. The level of statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Result
The proportion of sub-fecundity was 17.8% with 95%CI (14.8%-21.3%). Mothers’ age ≥ 30 (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI; 1.18–5.48), partners’ age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.20, 95%CI; 1.01–4.75), coffee consumption of ≥ 4 cups/day (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI; 1.14–7.53), menses irregularity (AOR = 3.79 95%CI; 2.01–7.14) and coital frequency of 1day/week (AOR = 3.65, 95%CI; 1.47–9.05) were significantly associated with the sub-fecundity.

Conclusion
This study found that a substantial proportion of mothers were sub-fecund. Factors that contributed to the sub-fecundity were pre-pregnancy; mothers’ age, partners’ age, coffee drinking of ≥ 4 cups/day, coital frequency of 1day/week, and menses irregularity. Thus, efforts to prevent sub-fecundity should focus on awareness creation as to plan to conceive at early age, reducing coffee consumption, increasing days of coital frequency per week, and investigating and treating mothers with irregular menses.
Planes gerontológicos y proyectos de animación socioculturalpara las personas mayores
Authors: Requejo Osorio Agustín 
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En el contexto de una población cada vez más anciana, el presente trabajo analiza, en una primera parte, los diferentes planes gerontológicos del Estado español y de las diferentes regiones autonómicas que los han aprobado y aplicado en los últimos años.El interés por la multiplicidad y evolución de dichos planes está relacionado con el proyecto internacional de evaluación para el año 2001 del «Plan de Acción Internacional sobre el Envejecimiento» propuesto por Naciones Unidas a lo largo de la última década.Un aspecto particular de dichos planes —junto al tema de las pensiones, salud, asistencia sanitaria, servicios sociales y participación— se refiere a las cuestiones de cultura y tiempo libre.Por tal motivo esta cuestión es valorada en distintos planes gerontológicos y estudiada en el contexto de los procesos y planes de animación sociocultural con las personas mayores para transformar su ocio pasivo en ocio activo mediante programas y actividades que lo fomentan.Con carácter particular se estudian las características del ocio de las personas mayores en Galicia en algunos de estos programas (universidades populares, iv ciclo universitario) considerando su importancia para la mejor participación, desarrollo cultural y calidad de vida de las personas mayores. ABSTRACT: Within the context of a population increasingly older, the first part of this paper analyses the different gerontology plans of the Spanish State and its autonomous regions, which approved and applied them along the last few years.The interest for the great variety and evolution of said plans it is related to the international project on evaluation for the year 2001 of the «International Action Plan for Elderly People» proposed by the United Nations along the last decade.A particular aspect of said plans —together with the themes of pensions, health, health aids, social services and participation— refers to the issues of culture and leisure time. Therefore, this fact is greatly valued among the various gerontology plans and it is studied within the context of the processes and plans of «socio-cultural animation » for elderly in order to transform their passive leisure time into an active one by using the programmes and activities that promote it.Finally, and within some of these programmes [universidades populares («popular universities», or a specific type of adult education centres), «iv ciclo universitario» (4th university cycle, or university studies for elderly people)], the particular characteristics of the leisure time of Galician elderly are studied. The relevance of these programmes for a better participation, a better cultural development and a better quality of life for elderly people is considered.
Activities of the Mining Police in Pre-Revolutionary Russia in the Early 20th Century (the Irkutsk and Priamursk Governorates-general, as an Example)
Authors: Belozercev S.M. 
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to a less studied topic — research of the main directions of activity of mining police of the beginning of the 20th century in the East of Russia. Far Eastern and East Siberian mining-police units were headed by the mining police chiefs (ispravniki), who were subordinate in their activities — the Irkutsk and Priamursk governorates-general. In the East of Russia, the mining police at the beginning of the 20th century carried out activities to protect public order, monitor compliance with criminal, labour and commercial legislation in the zone of mountain districts.
The article deals with the structure of the mining police, the powers of the mining police. Normative legal acts regulating the regular construction of mining police in the region under study are being studied.
The materials of the study were articles of scientists, norms of legislation of the Russian Empire, departmental acts of the Ministry of State Property, archival documents. The methodological basis of the study is a set of popular scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, and special methods — historical-legal, systemic-structural, comparative-legal.
The result of the study was an analysis of the process of gradual change of the legislation of the Russian Empire in terms of the description of the functions of the mining police in the zone of mines of the Irkutsk and Priamursk governorates-general.
Satellite Remote Sensing for Monitoring of Astroclimatic Conditions of the Khovsgol Aimag (Mongolia)
Authors: Budnev N.M. , Volkov N.V. , Lagutin A.A. , Mordvin E.Yu. , Raikin R.I. , Revyakin A.I. , Togoo R. 
Published: November 2020

The problem of exploring a territory for designing a full-scale gamma observatory is discussed. It is caused by the need to increase the sensitivity and energy threshold for detecting gamma rays of the existing TAIGA gamma observatory array.
The study of astroclimatic conditions over the territory of the Khovsgol Aimag (Mongolia) was carried out for the purposes of performing nighttime astrophysical observations. Spatial distributions of cloudless events fraction and atmospheric water vapor content were obtained for several periods of active phases of astrophysical observations using the night-time data from the VIIRS instrument onboard Suomi NPP satellite as well as hyperspectrometer AIRS onboard Aqua satellite.
Analysis of satellite data has shown that upon topographic and infrastructure criteria, the plateau of Lake Khuvsgul is the most suitable region for the deployment of a full-scale gamma-ray observatory with a hybrid detector system. According to VIIRS/SNPP data over the territory of interest for two seasons, it was revealed that the average fraction of cloudless events is about 65 % and the atmospheric water vapor content (according to AIRS/ Aqua data) is low, amounting to 2-2.5 kg/m2.
Impact of Feeding Strategies With Acid Suppression on Esophageal Reflexes in Human Neonates With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jadcherla Sudarshan R. , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Gulati Ish K. , Helmick Roseanna , Ipek Haluk , Yildiz Vedat , Wei Lai 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Aims were to test hypothesis that esophageal provocation-induced reflexes are superior with acid suppression plus feeding modifications vs acid suppression alone among infants treated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODS:
Infants (N = 49, 41.3 ± 2.6 of postmenstrual age) with acid reflux index >3% underwent longitudinal motility testing (weeks 0 and 5) with graded midesophageal provocation to test randomly allocated therapies (4 weeks' proton pump inhibitor [PPI] ± feeding modifications) on sensory-motor aerodigestive reflexes. Feeding modification included restricted fluid volume <140 mL/kg per day, fed over 30 minutes in right lateral position and supine postprandial position. Primary motility outcome was frequency-occurrence of peristaltic reflex. Secondary outcomes included upper esophageal sphincter contractile reflex, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation reflex, respiratory change, and symptom characteristics.

RESULTS:
Treatment groups did not differ for primary outcome (odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4–1.6, P = 0.99) or secondary outcomes (all P > 0.05). For both treatment groups at follow-up, distal esophageal contraction and LES tone decreased, and LES relaxation reflex occurrence is less frequent (all P < 0.05). In a subgroup analysis, comparing infants with PPI washout (N = 40) vs with continued (N = 9) PPI therapy, no differences were noted for aerodigestive reflex response frequency-occurrence (all P > 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
In infants with GERD, feeding modification with acid suppression is not superior to acid suppression alone in modifying aerodigestive reflexes (frequency, sensation, or magnitude). Contiguous areas targeted by GER, i.e., LES and distal esophageal functions, worsened at follow-up for both groups despite PPI therapy. Maturation is likely the key factor for GERD resolution in infants, justifying the use of placebo in clinical trials for objectively determined GERD.
DETERMINATION OF HEALTH IMPACTS IN URBAN REGIONS EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
Authors: Jury M.R. 
Published: November 2020

A simple method for relating urban health responses to ambient air pollution levels is outlined. The methhod requires daily values of concentrations for the most common atmospheric irritant and respiratory complaint statistics from an adjacent medical clinic. The data need to be quality controlled and of sufficient length to be statistically screened using various thresholds. The method is limited in scope, so historical evidence is needed to guide the survey to the relevant time of year and most exposed place. In the example given for Richards Bay - South Africa, health responses achieve maximum variance (27.4%) with respect to peak values of S02 on (he same cdy over a 40 day period in the winter of 1998. The correlation function for various thresholds indicates that 30 ppb is a critical heallh sensitivity level. The economic implications are computed and interpretations address how the results can be used 10 modify town planning efforts.
"1,2,3...¡AVANCE!". Interrelación entre impulsividad, adicciones y riesgo de suicidio: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO
Authors:   Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Garrido Sánchez Lucía , Valeria Fernández Iturri Melisa ,   Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Rico Rángel María Isabel ,   Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Ilustrar la relevancia de la impulsividad y su relación con las adicciones en pacientes con determinados rasgos o trastornos de personalidad, potenciando entre sí el riesgo de conductas suicidas. Método: Caso clínico. Mujer, 41 años. Consulta por ideación autolítica y elevada ansiedad, en contexto de deshabituación de ludopatía. AP SALUD MENTAL: 2016:“inestabilidad emocional, con consumo perjudicial de tóxicos y relaciones disfuncionales familiares.” Posterior seguimiento privado. HÁBITOS TÓXICOS -	Historia de consumo perjudicial de cocaína y THC. Abstinente desde hace un año. -	Ludopatía. ANAMNESIS Refiere llevar 10 meses sumida en el juego patológico, aludiendo al mismo como vía de escape de sus problemas (separación sentimental, deudas económicas, regreso al domicilio paterno…). Desde hace 5 meses, está en asociación privada para deshabituación. En casa, su hija ejerce como su cuidadora principal (inversión de roles). Describe conductas autolesivas y clínica ansiosa en contexto de abstinencia, acompañadas de ideación y tentativas suicidas frecuentes, de características impulsivas. EXPLORACIÓN PSICOPATOLÓGICA Consciente, orientada, colaboradora, abordable. Discurso coherente, fluido, espontáneo, sin alteraciones en el contenido. No clínica psicótica en la esfera sensoperceptiva ni del pensamiento. Juicio de realidad conservado. Elevados niveles de ansiedad e impulsividad, con conductas autolesivas. Ideación autolítica, con importante riesgo de paso al acto dada la imprevisibilidad de la paciente. Dificultad para la contención domiciliaria por claudicación familiar. Ánimo triste reactivo a conflictiva familiar y adictiva. Rasgos desadaptativos de personalidad. DIAGNÓSTICO -	Tras ingreso para contención de riesgo autolítico: “Trastorno Límite Personalidad (TLP) (F60.3) ” y “Ludopatía (F63.0 CIE-10)” Conclusiones: La prevalencia de conductas adictivas entre los pacientes con TLP es elevada y , a veces, es reflejo del componente impulsivo del trastorno. Dicha impulsividad, a su vez, puede conducir a un mayor riesgo de conductas adictivas, generando un círculo vicioso en el que el riesgo suicida puede verse multiplicado.