bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes and genomes and unnecessary complexity in precision medicine
Authors: Singh Rama S. , Gupta Bhagwati P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sequencing of the human genome heralded the new age of ‘genetic medicine’ and raised the hope of precision medicine facilitating prolonged and healthy lives. Recent studies have dampened this expectation, as the relationships among mutations (termed ‘risk factors’), biological processes, and diseases have emerged to be more complex than initially anticipated. In this review, we elaborate upon the nature of the relationship between genotype and phenotype, between chance-laden molecular complexity and the evolution of complex traits, and the relevance of this relationship to precision medicine. Molecular contingency, i.e., chance-driven molecular changes, in conjunction with the blind nature of evolutionary processes, creates genetic redundancy or multiple molecular pathways to the same phenotype; as time goes on, these pathways become more complex, interconnected, and hierarchically integrated. Based on the proposition that gene-gene interactions provide the major source of variation for evolutionary change, we present a theory of molecular complexity and posit that it consists of two parts, necessary and unnecessary complexity, both of which are inseparable and increase over time. We argue that, unlike necessary complexity, comprising all aspects of the organism’s genetic program, unnecessary complexity is evolutionary baggage: the result of molecular constraints, historical circumstances, and the blind nature of evolutionary forces. In the short term, unnecessary complexity can give rise to similar risk factors with different genetic backgrounds; in the long term, genes become functionally interconnected and integrated, directly or indirectly, affecting multiple traits simultaneously. We reason that in addition to personal genomics and precision medicine, unnecessary complexity has consequences in evolutionary biology.
Furo[3,2-c]coumarin-derived Fe3+ Selective Fluorescence Sensor: Synthesis, Fluorescence Study and Application to Water Analysis
Authors: Sarih Norfatirah Muhamad , Ciupa Alexander , Moss Stephen , Myers Peter , Slater Anna Grace , Abdullah Zanariah , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar , Maher Simon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFurocoumarin (furo[3,2-c]coumarin) derivatives have been synthesized from single step, high yielding (82–92%) chemistry involving a 4-hydroxycoumarin 4 + 1 cycloaddition reaction. They are characterized by FTIR,1H-NMR, and, for the first time, a comprehensive UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy study has been carried out to determine if these compounds can serve as useful sensors. Based on the fluorescence data, the most promising furocoumarin derivative (2-(cyclohexylamino)-3-phenyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one,FH), exhibits strong fluorescence (ФF = 0.48) with long fluorescence lifetime (5.6 ns) and large Stokes’ shift, suggestingFHcould be used as a novel fluorescent chemosensor. FH exhibits a highly selective, sensitive and instant turn-off fluorescence response to Fe3+over other metal ions which was attributed to a charge transfer mechanism. Selectivity was demonstrated against 13 other competing metal ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Pb2+and Ru3+) and aqueous compatibility was demonstrated in 10% MeOH-H2O solution. TheFHsensor coordinates Fe3+in a 1:2 stoichiometry with a binding constant, Ka = 5.25 × 103 M−1. This novel sensor has a limit of detection of 1.93 µM, below that of the US environmental protection agency guidelines (5.37 µM), with a linear dynamic range of ~28 (~2–30 µM) and an R2value of 0.9975. As an exemplar application we demonstrate the potential of this sensor for the rapid measurement of Fe3+in mineral and tap water samples demonstrating the real-world application of FH as a “turn off” fluorescence sensor.
Antimicrobial resistance genes in raw milk for human consumption
Authors: Tóth Adrienn Gréta , Csabai István , Krikó Eszter , Tőzsér Dóra , Maróti Gergely , Patai Árpád V. , Makrai László , Szita Géza , Solymosi Norbert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. More and more multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains cause life-threatening infections and the death of thousands of people each year. Beyond disease control animals are often given antibiotics for growth promotion or increased feed efficiency, which further increase the chance of the development of multi-resistant strains. After the consumption of unprocessed animal products, these strains may meet the human bacteriota. Among the foodborne and the human populations, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) may be shared by horizontal gene transfer. This study aims to test the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in milk metagenome, investigate their genetic position and their linkage to mobile genetic elements. We have analyzed raw milk samples from public markets sold for human consumption. The milk samples contained genetic material from various bacterial species and the in-depth analysis uncovered the presence of several antimicrobial resistance genes. The samples contained complete ARGs influencing the effectiveness of acridine dye, cephalosporin, cephamycin, fluoroquinolone, penam, peptide antibiotics and tetracycline. One of the ARGs, PC1 beta-lactamase may also be a mobile element that facilitates the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria, e.g. to the ones living in the human gut.
Bryophytes can recognize their neighbours through volatile organic compounds
Authors: Vicherová Eliška , Glinwood Robert , Hájek Tomáš , Šmilauer Petr , Ninkovic Velemir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCommunication between vascular plants through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, nothing is known about that between non-vascular plants. To investigate plant–plant VOCs interaction in bryophytes we exposed rare peatland moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus to VOCs of its common competitor Sphagnum flexuosum in an air-flow system of connected containers under artificial light, supplemented or unsupplemented by far-red (FR) light. When exposed to VOCs of S. flexuosum, shoots of H. vernicosus elongated and emitted six times higher amounts of a compound chemically related to β-cyclocitral, which is employed in stress signalling and allelopathy in vascular plants. The VOCs emission was affected similarly by FR light addition, possibly simulating competition stress. This is the first evidence of plant–plant VOCs interaction in non-vascular plants, analogous to that in vascular plants. The findings open new possibilities for understanding the language and evolution of communication in land plants.
A Diagnostic Algorithm using Multi-parametric MRI to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Myometrial Tumors: Machine-Learning Method
Authors: Malek Mahrooz , Tabibian Elnaz , Rahimi Dehgolan Milad , Rahmani Maryam , Akhavan Setareh , Sheikh Hasani Shahrzad , Nili Fatemeh , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for preoperative differentiating uterine sarcoma from leiomyoma through a supervised machine-learning method using multi-parametric MRI. A total of 65 participants with 105 myometrial tumors were included: 84 benign and 21 malignant lesions (belonged to 51 and 14 patients, respectively; based on their postoperative tissue diagnosis). Multi-parametric MRI including T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences with ADC-map, contrast-enhanced images, as well as MR spectroscopy (MRS), was performed for each lesion. Thirteen singular MRI features were extracted from the mentioned sequences. Various combination sets of selective features were fed into a machine classifier (coarse decision-tree) to predict malignant or benign tumors. The accuracy metrics of either singular or combinational models were assessed. Eventually, two diagnostic algorithms, a simple decision-tree and a complex one were proposed using the most accurate models. Our final simple decision-tree obtained accuracy = 96.2%, sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 95%; while the complex tree yielded accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 100%. To summarise, the complex diagnostic algorithm, compared to the simple one, can differentiate tumors with equal sensitivity, but a higher specificity and accuracy. However, it needs some further time-consuming modalities and difficult imaging calculations. Trading-off costs and benefits in appropriate situations must be determinative.
Cyclin A1 in Oocytes Prevents Chromosome Segregation And Anaphase Entry
Authors: Radonova Lenka , Pauerova Tereza , Jansova Denisa , Danadova Jitka , Skultety Michal , Kubelka Michal , Anger Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn several species, including Xenopus, mouse and human, two members of cyclin A family were identified. Cyclin A2, which is ubiquitously expressed in dividing cells and plays role in DNA replication, entry into mitosis and spindle assembly, and cyclin A1, whose function is less clear and which is expressed in spermatocytes, leukemia cells and in postmitotic multiciliated cells. Deletion of the gene showed that cyclin A1 is essential for male meiosis, but nonessential for female meiosis. Our results revealed, that the cyclin A1 is not only dispensable in oocytes, we show here that its expression is in fact undesirable in these cells. Our data demonstrate that the APC/C and proteasome in oocytes are unable to target sufficiently cyclin A1 before anaphase, which leads into anaphase arrest and direct inhibition of separase. The cyclin A1-induced cell cycle arrest is oocyte-specific and the presence of cyclin A1 in early embryos has no effect on cell cycle progression or chromosome division. Cyclin A1 is therefore not only an important cell cycle regulator with biased expression in germline, being essential for male and damaging for female meiosis, its persistent expression during anaphase in oocytes shows fundamental differences between APC/C function in oocytes and in early embryos.
Tuning interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in thin amorphous ferrimagnetic alloys
Authors: Quessab Y. , Xu J-W. , Ma C. T. , Zhou W. , Riley G. A. , Shaw J. M. , Nembach H. T. , Poon S. J. , Kent A. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSkyrmions can be stabilized in magnetic systems with broken inversion symmetry and chiral interactions, such as Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI). Further, compensation of magnetic moments in ferrimagnetic materials can significantly reduce magnetic dipolar interactions, which tend to favor large skyrmions. Tuning DMI is essential to control skyrmion properties, with symmetry breaking at interfaces offering the greatest flexibility. However, in contrast to the ferromagnet case, few studies have investigated interfacial DMI in ferrimagnets. Here we present a systematic study of DMI in ferrimagnetic CoGd films by Brillouin light scattering. We demonstrate the ability to control DMI by the CoGd cap layer composition, the stack symmetry and the ferrimagnetic layer thickness. The DMI thickness dependence confirms its interfacial nature. In addition, magnetic force microscopy reveals the ability to tune DMI in a range that stabilizes sub-100 nm skyrmions at room temperature in zero field. Our work opens new paths for controlling interfacial DMI in ferrimagnets to nucleate and manipulate skyrmions.
Experimental demonstration of broadband impedance matching using coupled electromagnetic resonators
Authors: Lv Xiaolong , Li Chuanfei , Que Yaohua , Li Guofeng , Hou Xiaojuan , Li Ying , Li Linfeng , Sun Yibo , Guo Yunsheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImpedance matching is an important factor for the electromagnetic resonators used to construct metasurfaces with perfect absorption and transmission properties. However, these resonators usually exhibit narrowband characteristics, thus greatly restricting their potential for application to metasurfaces to obtain excellent absorption and transmission performances. Therefore, realization of impedance matching over a wider range is of major importance. In this work, we demonstrate broadband impedance matching both theoretically and experimentally through use of coupled inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant coils, which are typical electromagnetic resonators. By adding a third resonant coil into the conventional system composed of two completely mismatched resonant coils, the new system realizes broadband impedance matching when the reflected impedances of the first two coils with respect to the third resonant coil are equal. The results in this work can provide useful guidance for realization of metasurfaces with broadband perfect absorption and transmission constructed using any type of electromagnetic resonator.
Breakdown of One-to-One Correspondence in Energy and Volume in a High-Pressure Heat-Treated Zr-Based Metallic Glass During Annealing
Authors: Yamada Rui , Shibazaki Yuki , Abe Yasuto , Ryu Wookha , Saida Junji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe glassy state of a high-pressure heat-treated Zr50Cu40Al10 metallic glass was investigated from energetic and volumetric perspectives. The specific heat (Cp) data of initial heating and subsequent cooling from the supercooled liquid region indicates that the sample behaviour cannot be explained simply by the derivative of the well-known enthalpy (H)–temperature (T) curve. Unlike the Cp data, the thermal-expansion coefficient (α) value increased monotonically during the first heating step, which suggests the collapse of a one-to-one correspondence between the energy and volume during the process. The α data of the cooling process follow almost the same path as those of the as-cast process, whereas the corresponding Cp curves do not. This result implies that the volume appears to be more sensitive to obeying external heat compared with energy, which highlights the different time scale for achieving an equilibrium state in energy and volume. The second heating data of the Cp and α exhibit an inverse relationship against the corresponding first heating set, which confirms the breakdown of a one-to-one correspondence during annealing. The newly constructed energy–density diagram shows that the treated sample is rejuvenated volumetrically but is relaxed energetically during aging, which has never been observed experimentally previously.
The globally invasive small Indian mongoose Urva auropunctata is likely to spread with climate change
Authors: Louppe Vivien , Leroy Boris , Herrel Anthony , Veron Géraldine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvasive alien species represent one of the major factors of global loss of biodiversity and disruption of natural ecosystems. The small Indian mongoose,Urva auropunctata, is considered one of the wild carnivore species with the greatest negative impact on global biodiversity. Understanding of the factors underpinning the species’ distribution and potential dispersion in a context of climate change thus appears crucial in the conservation of native ecosystems. Here we modelled the current and future climatically favourable areas for the small Indian mongoose using Ecological Niche Modelling based on data sets filtrated in environmental spaces. Projections from these models show extensive current favourable geographical areas, covering continental and insular regions within tropical and sub-tropical latitudes. Moreover, predictions for 2050 reveal that climate change is likely to expand current favourable areas north of the current favourable spaces, particularly in Eastern Europe. This climate-induced expansion is particularly worrisome given that the species is already spreading in the Balkan region. Our projections suggest that it is very likely that the small Indian mongoose will have an increasing influence on ecosystems and biodiversity in Europe by 2050.
Primary Aldosteronism: Where Are We Now? Where to from
Here?
Authors: Funder John Watson 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe past nine years have seen major advances in establishing the etiology of
unilateral primary aldosteronism, and very possibly that of bilateral
hyperaldosteronism, in response to somatic mutations in aldosterone synthase
expressing cells. Though there have been important advances in the management of
primary aldosteronism, in small but convincing studies, they represent minor
changes to current guidelines. What has been totally absent is consideration of
the public health issue that primary aldosterone represents, and the public
policy issues that would be involved in addressing the disorder. In his
introduction to PiPA 6, Martin Reincke calculated that only one in a thousand
patients in Germany with primary aldosteronism were treated appropriately, an
astounding figure for any disease in the 21st century. Towards remedying this
totally unacceptable public health issue, the author proposes a radical
simplification and streamlining of screening for primary aldosteronism, and the
management of most patients by general practitioners. The second bottle-neck in
current management is that of mandatory adrenal venous sampling for all but
1–2% of patients, a costly procedure requiring rare expertise.
Ideally, it should be reserved – on the basis of likelihood, enhanced
imaging, or peripheral steroid profiles – for a small minority of
patients with clear evidence for unilateral disease. Only when costs are
minimized and roadblocks removed will primary aldosteronism be properly treated
as the public health issue that it is.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Treatment Satisfaction and Adherence Outcomes of Haemophilia Patients Living in a German Rural Region
Authors: von Mackensen Sylvia , Schleicher Christian , Heine Sabine , Graf Norbert , Eichler Hermann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the context of the ‘Mobile Haemophilia Outpatient Care (MHOC)’ project we aimed to gather insights into the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), treatment satisfaction (TS) and adherence of persons with haemophilia (PWHs) who get treated at the Saarland University Hospital Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC). PWHs were visited at home at least twice (baseline, follow-up) by trained medical staff. Individual interviews were performed to measure patients' HRQoL and TS with validated questionnaires (Haem-A-QoL/Haemo-QoL and Hemo-SatA/Hemo-SatP). Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. In total, 79 PWHs were enrolled; 56 adults with a mean age of 37.4 ± 16.4 years (17–78) and 23 children [mean age of 9.8 ± 4.2 years (3–16)]. In total, 62% were severely affected; 48.1% received prophylaxis. Patients reported good HRQoL (adults: 23.1 ± 17.1; kids: 24.3 ± 11.1). Patients (M = 11.2 ± 9.5) and parents (M = 14.3 ± 7.4) were very satisfied with their provided treatment. The majority of study participants were evaluated to have a good treatment adherence. After 1-year follow-up of the MHOC, a significant improvement in HRQoL was seen in adults (p < 0.033) and in proxy ratings of parents (p < 0.0001); TS remained high with no change by MHOC intervention. Patients reported good HRQoL and TS. Most of them were evaluated as having a good treatment adherence. After implementation of the MHOC, adult patients reported a better HRQoL. Such a mobile medical care service is considered beneficial for patients, especially with limited access to a HTC.
The Digital Healthcare Act – a Turning Point in the German Digitisation Strategy?
Authors: Dittrich Florian , Albrecht Urs-Vito , von Jan Ute , Malinka Christin , Ansorg Jörg , Jung Jochen , Back David Alexander ,   AG Digitalisierung
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recently ratified Digital Healthcare Act – DVG – has paved the way, among other issues, for the prescription of health apps. The German DVG creates an entitlement to health apps for the very first time. However, this entitlement is initially limited to low-risk medical devices that have been included in the publicly accessible Register for Digital Health Applications by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. Listing in the register is granted, if the manufacturer has submitted a health app and verified that it meets basic requirements for medical devices and data security as well as positive health care effects. It is questionable, whether the DVG will lead to sustainable improvements in future patient care. In order to pursue this question and align the DGOUCʼs digitization strategy closely with its basis, an online survey was conducted among the respective members on the DVGʼs content and its associated opportunities and risks. A total of 461
German-speaking, predominantly male, experienced and elderly physicians in leading positions took part in the survey. In this study, it was shown that the majority of the participating German orthopaedic and trauma surgeons is not familiar with the DVGʼs contents. Despite a fundamentally positive attitude towards digitization, scepticism about the use of “apps on prescription” and potential risks still prevails at present. The closing of ranks between medicine, IT and the legislature via interdisciplinary expert groups and the involvement of medical societies might be obligatory.
EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF REUSED EDIBLE OILS ON VITAL ORGANS OF WISTAR RATS
Authors: S. Shastry C. , Ambalal Patel Narendrakumar , Himanshu Joshi , J. Aswathanarayana B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: Cooking oils (edible oils) are vegetable oils which are extensively used for cooking in India. These edible oils are rich in triglycerides, sterol, tocoferol, carotenes and pigments. Upon frying, edible oils gives rise to formation of free radicals and other harmful agents. The degraded products of oils generated while cooking produce unfavorable effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of reused edible oils (sunflower oil and palm oil) on vital organs of experimental animals.
Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed fresh and reused edible oils - sunflower oil and palm oil (15 gm oil/100gm of feed consumed) and control group received normal food and water for a period of 8 weeks. The parameters studied include changes in physicochemical properties of reused oils, change in body weight of animals, plasma lipid profile, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination.
Results: The result showed the change in physicochemical characteristics of reused oils. The animals fed with fresh and reused palm oil significant increase the body weight while reused sunflower oil fed group showed decrease significantly. The biochemical parameters, SGPT (serum glutamate–pyruvate transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamate- oxaloacetate transaminase), and ALP (alkaline phoshphatase) were increased in reused oils fed groups. The histopathological study showed the change in size of liver, heart, kidney and testes cells in reused oil groups.
Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that reused sunflower oil and palm oil, can be toxic and can cause considerable damage to the vital organs of the experimental animals.
QUADRIPAERESIS - A RARE CASE OF EPITHELOID HAEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA.
Authors: Hegde Deepak , Shetty Vikram , Shetty J. P. , B. Sandeep Kini 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 62 yr old male presented with complaints of neck pain associated with weakness of both upper and lower limbs for 2 months.Weakness began with upper limb progressing to involve the lower limbs.X-ray cervical spine showed C7 vertebral collapse with decreased joint spaces.MRI scan showed compression collapse of C7 vertebral body, thecal sac narrowing & cord changes at this level.C7 corpectomy and biopsy with anterior fusion with bone graft and instrumentation was performed revealing mass around C7 vertebra.Histology revealed fragments of cartilage, bone, & vascular tumorcomposed of well formed vessels lined by cuboidal to hobnail endothelium. Focal areas showed lymphocytic infiltration and occasional benign giant cells suggestive of haemangioendothelioma. The purpose is to present a rare tumour occurring at an unusual site presenting as cervical myelopathy.