bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping strategies of patients with advanced lung or colorectal cancer in six European countries: Insights from the ACTION Study
Authors: Jabbarian Lea J. , Korfage Ida J. , Červ Branka , van Delden Johannes J.M. , Deliens Luc , Miccinesi Guido , Payne Sheila , Thit Johnsen Anna , Verkissen Mariëtte N. , Wilcock Andrew , van der Heide Agnes , Rietjens Judith A.C. ,   on behalf of the ACTION consortium
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEven when medical treatments are limited, supporting patients’ coping strategies could improve their quality of life. Greater understanding of patients’ coping strategies, and influencing factors, can aid developing such support. We examined the prevalence of coping strategies and associated variables.MethodsWe used sociodemographic and baseline data from the ACTION trial, including measures of Denial, Acceptance, and Problem‐focused coping (COPE; Brief COPE inventory), of patients with advanced cancer from six European countries. Clinicians provided clinical information. Linear mixed models with clustering at hospital level were used.ResultsData from 675 patients with stage III/IV lung (342, 51%) or stage IV colorectal (333, 49%) cancer were used; mean age 66 (10 SD) years. Overall, patients scored low on Denial and high on Acceptance and Problem‐focused coping. Older age was associated with higher scores on Denial than younger age (β= 0.05; CI[0.023; 0.074]), and patients from Italy (β= 1.57 CI[0.760; 2.388]) and Denmark (β= 1.82 CI[0.881; 2.750]) scored higher on Denial than patients in other countries.ConclusionsPatients with advanced cancer predominantly used Acceptance and Problem‐focused coping, and Denial to a lesser extent. Since the studied coping strategies of patients with advanced cancer vary between subpopulations, we recommend taking these factors into account when developing tailored interventions to support patients’ coping strategies.
Altitude control for flexible wing unmanned aerial vehicle based on active disturbance rejection control and feedforward compensation
Authors: Sun Hao , Sun Qinglin , Wu Wannan , Chen Zengqiang , Tao Jin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFor achieving the accurate trajectory tracking of the flexible wing unmanned aerial vehicle in the complicated missions, especially the vertical component, a feedforward compensation unit–based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. In ADRC, the internal dynamics and complicated influence of the total disturbance will be estimated and dynamically compensated by extended state observer (ESO). It puts a very high request on the observation ability of ESO with the unpredictable external disturbance, complex internal coupling influence, and the strong nonlinear characteristic of the proposed system. For this reason, by deeply analyzing the model of this system, the varying attitude influence on the altitude control will be deduced. Then, this influence will be compensated previously by a feedforward compensation unit. Through the previous compensation of the calculable part of the internal dynamics and total disturbance, the burden of ESO can be reduced largely. In this way, it improves the control effect of the ADRC with better observation precision of ESO. After that, based on the hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified completely with the complicated flight missions. The robustness of the control effect and observation ability of ESO are also verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. At last, the results of actual flight experiment prove the advancement and practicability of the proposed ADRC method.
O3‐Type Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide: A High‐Capacity and Superior‐Rate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jun , Tang Manjing , Liu Hao , Chen Xueying , Xu Zhanwei , Huang Jianfeng , Su Qingmei , Xia Yongyao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInspired by its high‐active and open layered framework for fast Li+ extraction/insertion reactions, layered Ni‐rich oxide is proposed as an outstanding Na‐intercalated cathode for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. An O3‐type Na0.75Ni0.82Co0.12Mn0.06O2 is achieved through a facile electrochemical ion‐exchange strategy in which Li+ ions are first extracted from the LiNi0.82Co0.12Mn0.06O2 cathode and Na+ ions are then inserted into a layered oxide framework. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of layered Ni‐rich oxide during Na+ extraction/insertion is investigated in detail by combining ex situ X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. As an excellent cathode for Na‐ion batteries, O3‐type Na0.75Ni0.82Co0.12Mn0.06O2 delivers a high reversible capacity of 171 mAh g−1 and a remarkably stable discharge voltage of 2.8 V during long‐term cycling. In addition, the fast Na+ transport in the cathode enables high rate capability with 89 mAh g−1 at 9 C. The as‐prepared Ni‐rich oxide cathode is expected to significantly break through the limited performance of current sodium‐ion batteries.
The role of TRIM family proteins in the regulation of cancer stem cell self-renewal
Authors: Jaworska Anna Maria , Wlodarczyk Nikola Agata , Mackiewicz Andrzej , Czerwinska Patrycja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe tripartite-motif (TRIM) family of proteins represents one of the largest classes of putative single protein RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases. The members of this family are characterized by an N-terminal TRIM motif containing one RING-finger domain, one or two zinc-finger domains called B boxes (B1 box and B2 box), and a coiled-coil region. The TRIM motif can be found in isolation or in combination with a variety of C-terminal domains, and based on C-terminus, TRIM proteins are classified into 11 distinct groups. Because of the complex nature of TRIM proteins, they are implicated in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes, including regulation of cell proliferation, cell division and developmental processes, cancer transformation, regulation of cell metabolism, autophagocytosis, modification of chromatin status, regulation of gene transcription, post-translational modifications, and interactions with pathogens. Here, we demonstrate the specific activities of TRIM family proteins that contribute to the cancer stem cell phenotype. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that several TRIM members guarantee the acquisition of stem cell properties and the ability to sustain stem-like phenotype by cancer cells using distinct mechanisms. For other members, further work is needed to understand their full contribution to stem cell self-renewal. Identification of TRIM proteins that possess the potential to serve as therapeutic targets may result in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Finally, these strategies may result in the disruption of the machinery of stemness acquisition, which may prevent tumor growth, progression, and overcome the resistance to anticancer therapies.
Inherited cardiac diseases, pluripotent stem cells, and genome editing combined—the past, present, and future
Authors: Brink Lettine , Grandela Catarina , Mummery Christine L. , Davis Richard P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Research on mechanisms underlying monogenic cardiac diseases such as primary arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies has until recently been hampered by inherent limitations of heterologous cell systems, where mutant genes are expressed in noncardiac cells, and physiological differences between humans and experimental animals. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have proven to be a game changer by providing new opportunities for studying the disease in the specific cell type affected, namely the cardiomyocyte. hiPSCs are particularly valuable because not only can they be differentiated into unlimited numbers of these cells, but they also genetically match the individual from whom they were derived. The decade following their discovery showed the potential of hiPSCs for advancing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases, with key pathophysiological features of the patient being reflected in their corresponding hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (the past). Now, recent advances in genome editing for repairing or introducing genetic mutations efficiently have enabled the disease etiology and pathogenesis of a particular genotype to be investigated (the present). Finally, we are beginning to witness the promise of hiPSC in personalized therapies for individual patients, as well as their application in identifying genetic variants responsible for or modifying the disease phenotype (the future). In this review, we discuss how hiPSCs could contribute to improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of an individual with a suspected genetic cardiac disease, thereby developing better risk stratification and clinical management strategies for these potentially lethal but treatable disorders.
Experimental research of efficiency of semi‐continuous and periodic biogas production processes by using chicken manure bioloadings
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Kolodynskij Vitalij 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSemi‐continuous and periodic biogas production processes were investigated. Dry chicken manure containing 40.0 ± 0.5% volatile solids (VS) was used for the production of bioloading. Semi‐continuous operation bioreactor and periodic bioreactor were used to implement research. Bioloading was additionally supplemented with newly prepared parts by removing 10% of decomposed mass and by adding the same amount of preheated mass every 7 days (semi‐continuous process). The process was periodic when the mass was completely decomposed (after 45 days of the experiment) and fully removed (bioreactor was loaded with a new portion of raw material to 100% of the working volume again). Total duration of both experiments was 90 days. The results show that biogas production by semi‐continuous process is more effective than periodic process due to higher total biogas yield (up to 39.7%) and higher methane yield (up to 33.5%). The maximum concentration of CH4 was determined during the periodic biogas production process, but the difference was only up to 2.1% (68.9% and 66.8%, respectively). Since the produced biogas had quite high average CO2 and H2S concentrations (<40.0% and 2.1 g/m3, respectively), it is recommended to use filter–adsorbers or biofilters. According to the results, semi‐continuous type bioreactor is more effective than periodic.Practitioner points

Maximum CH4 concentration in biogas, produced during periodic process, is 2.1% higher than during the semi‐continuous process.

Average CH4 concentration in biogas, produced during periodic and semi‐continuous process, reaches 52.7% and 53.0%, respectively.

Biogas and methane yield (during periodic process) is 39.7% and 33.5% lower than during the semi‐continuous process.

CH4 concentration decreases (after supplement) about 6.0%–7.0% (during the semi‐continuous process), but increases to the next cyclic bioloading supplement.

Semi‐continuous biogas production process is more efficient than periodic.
Exocytosis of large-diameter lysosomes mediates interferon γ-induced relocation of MHC class II molecules toward the surface of astrocytes
Authors: Božić Mićo , Verkhratsky Alexei , Zorec Robert , Stenovec Matjaž 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are the key homeostatic cells in the central nervous system; initiation of reactive astrogliosis contributes to neuroinflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) induces the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, involved in antigen presentation in reactive astrocytes. The pathway for MHCII delivery to the astrocyte plasma membrane, where MHCII present antigens, is unknown. Rat astrocytes in culture and in organotypic slices were exposed to IFNγ to induce reactive astrogliosis. Astrocytes were probed with optophysiologic tools to investigate subcellular localization of immunolabeled MHCII, and with electrophysiology to characterize interactions of single vesicles with the plasmalemma. In culture and in organotypic slices, IFNγ augmented the astrocytic expression of MHCII, which prominently co-localized with lysosomal marker LAMP1-EGFP, modestly co-localized with Rab7, and did not co-localize with endosomal markers Rab4A, EEA1, and TPC1. MHCII lysosomal localization was corroborated by treatment with the lysosomolytic agent glycyl-l-phenylalanine-β-naphthylamide, which reduced the number of MHCII-positive vesicles. The surface presence of MHCII was revealed by immunolabeling of live non-permeabilized cells. In IFNγ-treated astrocytes, an increased fraction of large-diameter exocytotic vesicles (lysosome-like vesicles) with prolonged fusion pore dwell time and larger pore conductance was recorded, whereas the rate of endocytosis was decreased. Stimulation with ATP, which triggers cytosolic calcium signaling, increased the frequency of exocytotic events, whereas the frequency of full endocytosis was further reduced. In IFNγ-treated astrocytes, MHCII-linked antigen surface presentation is mediated by increased lysosomal exocytosis, whereas surface retention of antigens is prolonged by concomitant inhibition of endocytosis.
Weak Poincaré Inequalities in the Absence of Spectral Gaps
Authors: Ben-Artzi Jonathan , Einav Amit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For generators of Markov semigroups which lack a spectral gap, it is shown how bounds on the density of states near zero lead to a so-called weak Poincaré inequality (WPI), originally introduced by Liggett (Ann Probab 19(3):935–959, 1991). Applications to general classes of constant coefficient pseudodifferential operators are studied. Particular examples are the heat semigroup and the semigroup generated by the fractional Laplacian in the whole space, where the optimal decay rates are recovered. Moreover, the classical Nash inequality appears as a special case of the WPI for the heat semigroup.
Value of radiomics in differential diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma
Authors: Li Yajuan , Huang Xialing , Xia Yuwei , Long Liling 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the value of CT-enhanced quantitative features combined with machine learning for differential diagnosis of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO).

Methods
Sixty-one cases of renal tumors (chRCC = 44; RO = 17) that were pathologically confirmed at our hospital between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had undergone preoperative enhanced CT scans including the corticomedullary (CMP), nephrographic (NP), and excretory phases (EP) of contrast enhancement. Volumes of interest (VOIs), including lesions on the images, were manually delineated using the RadCloud platform. A LASSO regression algorithm was used to screen the image features extracted from all VOIs. Five machine learning classifications were trained to distinguish chRCC from RO by using a fivefold cross-validation strategy. The performance of the classifier was mainly evaluated by areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and accuracy.

Results
In total, 1029 features were extracted from CMP, NP, and EP. The LASSO regression algorithm was used to screen out the four, four, and six best features, respectively, and eight features were selected when CMP and NP were combined. All five classifiers had good diagnostic performance, with area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.850, and support vector machine (SVM) classifier showed a diagnostic accuracy of 0.945 (AUC 0.964 ± 0.054; sensitivity 0.999; specificity 0.800), showing the best performance.

Conclusions
Accurate preoperative differential diagnosis of chRCC and RO can be facilitated by a combination of CT-enhanced quantitative features and machine learning.
TAM-ing T cells in the tumor microenvironment: implications for TAM receptor targeting
Authors: Peeters Marlies J. W. , Rahbech Anne , thor Straten Per 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The TAM receptors—TYRO3, AXL, MERTK—are pleiotropically expressed receptors in both healthy and diseased tissue. A complex of the ligands Protein S (PROS1) or Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (GAS6) with apoptotic phosphatidylserine activates the TAM receptors. Hence, this receptor family is essential for the efferocytosis of apoptotic material by antigen-presenting cells. In addition, TAM receptors are expressed by virtually all cells of the tumor microenvironment. They are also potent oncogenes, frequently overexpressed in cancer and involved in survival and therapy resistance. Due to their pro-oncogenic and immune-inhibitory traits, TAM receptors have emerged as promising targets for cancer therapy. Recently, TAM receptors have been described to function as costimulatory molecules on human T cells. TAM receptors’ ambivalent functions on many different cell types therefore make therapeutic targeting not straight-forward. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the function of TAM receptors in the tumor microenvironment. We place particular focus on TAM receptors and the recently unraveled role of MERTK in activated T cells and potential consequences for anti-tumor immunity.
Delay in Source Control in Perforated Peptic Ulcer Leads to 6% Increased Risk of Death Per Hour: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Boyd‐Carson H. , Doleman B. , Cromwell D. , Lockwood S. , Williams J. P. , Tierney G. M. , Lund J. N. , Anderson I. D. ,   for The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Collaboration
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelay to theatre for patients with intra‐abdominal sepsis is cited as a particular risk factor for death. Our aim was to evaluate the potential relationship between hourly delay from admission to surgery and post‐operative mortality in patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU).MethodsAll patients entered in the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit who had an emergency laparotomy for PPU within 24 h of admission from December 2013 to November 2017 were included. Time to theatre from admission was modelled as a continuous variable in hours. Outcome was 90‐day mortality. Logistic regression adjusting for confounding factors was performed.Results3809 patients were included, and 90‐day mortality rate was 10.61%. Median time to theatre was 7.5 h (IQR 5–11.6 h). The odds of death increased with time to operation once adjustment for confounding variables was performed (per hour after admission adjusted OR 1.04 95% CI 1.02–1.07). In patients who were physiologically shocked (N = 334), there was an increase of 6% in risk‐adjusted odds of mortality for every hour Em Lap was delayed after admission (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.01–1.11).ConclusionHourly delay to theatre in patients with PPU is independently associated with risk of death by 90 days. Therefore, we suggest that surgical source control should occur as soon as possible after admission regardless of time of day.
TRPM4-specific blocking antibody attenuates reperfusion injury in a rat model of stroke
Authors: Chen Bo , Gao Yahui , Wei Shunhui , Low See Wee , Ng Gandi , Yu Dejie , Tu Tian Ming , Soong Tuck Wah , Nilius Bernd , Liao Ping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is currently the gold standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, reperfusion injuries such as oedema and haemorrhagic transformation largely limit the use of this potent treatment to a narrow time window. Recently, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel has emerged as a potential target for vascular protection in stroke management. Non-specificity and side effects are major concerns for current TRPM4 blockers. The present study was undertaken to develop a novel TRPM4 blocker for stroke management. We report the generation of a TRPM4-specific antibody M4P which binds to a region close to the channel pore. M4P could inhibit TRPM4 current and downregulate TRPM4 surface expression, therefore prevent hypoxia-induced cell swelling. In the rat model of 3-h stroke reperfusion, application of M4P at 2 h after occlusion ameliorated reperfusion injury by improving blood–brain barrier integrity, and enhanced functional recovery. Our results demonstrate that TRPM4 blockade could attenuate reperfusion injury in stroke recanalization. When applied together with reperfusion treatments, TRPM4 blocking antibody has the potential to extend the therapeutic time window for acute ischemic stroke.
The dietary management of calcium and phosphate in children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis—clinical practice recommendation from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce
Authors: McAlister Louise , Pugh Pearl , Greenbaum Laurence , Haffner Dieter , Rees Lesley , Anderson Caroline , Desloovere An , Nelms Christina , Oosterveld Michiel , Paglialonga Fabio , Polderman Nonnie , Qizalbash Leila , Renken-Terhaerdt José , Tuokkola Jetta , Warady Bradley , Walle Johan Vande , Shaw Vanessa , Shroff Rukshana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), optimal control of bone and mineral homeostasis is essential, not only for the prevention of debilitating skeletal complications and achieving adequate growth but also for preventing vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Complications of mineral bone disease (MBD) are common and contribute to the high morbidity and mortality seen in children with CKD. Although several studies describe the prevalence of abnormal calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels as well as associated clinical and radiological complications and their medical management, little is known about the dietary requirements and management of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in children with CKD. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) is an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, who develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the nutritional management of various aspects of renal disease management in children. We present CPRs for the dietary intake of Ca and P in children with CKD stages 2–5 and on dialysis (CKD2-5D), describing the common Ca- and P-containing foods, the assessment of dietary Ca and P intake, requirements for Ca and P in healthy children and necessary modifications for children with CKD2-5D, and dietary management of hypo- and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The statements have been graded, and statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. These CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
Geophysikalische Messungen am Zentrum am Berg
Authors: Hartl Irene , Schlögel Ingrid , Kusnirak David , Gegenhuber Nina , Wenighofer Robert , Radinger Alexander , Galler Robert 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Vorauserkundung der geologischen Bedingungen vor der Ortsbrust stellt noch immer eine Herausforderung im Tunnelbau dar und bedarf zusätzlicher Forschung, um die derzeit existierenden Methoden zu erweitern und verbessern. Allerdings gestaltet sich diese Weiterentwicklung auf aktiven Tunnelbaustellen oft schwierig, da sie mit einer Behinderung der Vortriebsarbeiten verbunden ist. Das neu errichtete Zentrum am Berg bietet eine Möglichkeit, diesem Problem zu begegnen. Die maßstäbliche Großforschungsanlage in Eisenerz bietet Raum, um solche Experimente in einer realen Umgebung durchzuführen. Die ersten Daten (Refraktionstomographie, passives seismisches Monitoring, Bohrlochradar) wurden bereits vortriebsbegleitend erhoben. Um die Mächtigkeit der plastischen Zone festzustellen, wurden Bohrlochradarmessungen an zwei radialen Messquerschnitten sowie Refraktionstomographien an zwei Abschnitten entlang der Tunnelwand aufgenommen. Für die Korrelation petrophysikalischer und geotechnischer Parameter wurden darüber hinaus Laborversuche durchgeführt. Das passive seismische Monitoring wurde während des konventionellen Vortriebs eingesetzt, um die Signale der einzelnen Arbeitsschritte zu analysieren und die Eignung des Bohrsignals als seismische Quelle näher zu beleuchten.