bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic and Physiological Response of Rice Plant to Application of Silica from Different Sources
Authors: Dwipa Indra , Setiawan Ryan Budi , Suliansyah Irfan , Azwardi Dedi 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of agronomy and physiology of rice plant to different silica sources.
Study Design: Completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in screen house of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from April to December 2018.
Methodology: Completely randomized design was used in the assay. The treatment was 10 Si sources (No silica, Si 1 ppm, Si 2 ppm, Si 3 ppm, husk charcoal 50 g/plant, husk charcoal 100 g/plant, husk charcoal 150 g/plant, husk ash 50 g/plant, husk ash 100 g/plant, husk ash 150 g/plant). The variety was Anak Daro. Each treatment was replied 3 times so that 30 experimental units were obtained. The data was analysed by using F test in 5% and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) in 5%. The data analysis using software Statistic Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR).
Results: Silica sources affected the agronomic and physiological characters of rice plant. 2,3 ppm of silica, 100 and 150 g of husk charcoal and 100 g of husk ash were the best silica source for plant height. 3 ppm silica affected the number of tiller of rice plant. In number of chlorophyll, 150 g of husk ash affected the number of chlorophyll A and the silica sources did not affect the number of chlorophyll B.
Conclusion: The sources of silica affected the agronomic and physiological response of rice plant which can be useful for rice cultivation in the region.
KESIAPAN GEREJA-GEREJA ANGGOTA SINODE GKJ DALAM PENERAPAN RENCANA OPERASIONAL SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN TERPADU
Authors: Restyandito Restyandito , Susanto Budi , Proboyekti Umi , Virginia Gloria 
Published: August 2020

Sinode GKJ menyadari bahwa Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi harus dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk mendukung pelayanan di Sinode, Klasis, maupun setiap Gereja-gereja Kristen Jawa. Seperti yang telah tertuang dalam dokumen Rencana Operasional (Renop) penerapan Recana Strategis Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Terpadu (Renstra SIMT) Sinode GKJ, pada periode 2019 telah ditetapkan untuk pembaruan infrastruktur dan web Sinode GKJ. Tim menyadari bahwa sumber daya manusia yang ada saat ini tidak mencukupi untuk melaksanakan Renop yang telah ditetapkan. Oleh sebab itu tahap awal dari penerapan Renstra Pengembangan SIMT adalah memetakan kondisi infrastruktur dan kesiapan gereja-gereja dan klasis di lingkungan Sinode GKJ. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan tersebut tim dapat melakukan pelatihan dan pembekalan yang diperlukan agar penerapan Renstra Pengembangan SIMT dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Hasil awal yang diperoleh dari 49 sampel gereja menunjukkan bahwa ukuran jemaat mempengaruhi kesiapan gereja. Juga ditemukan bahwa aksesibilitas ke teknologi informasi (seperti ketersediaan komputer dan internet) tidak mencerminkan kesiapan gereja karena yang diperlukan dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi adalah perubahan paradigma dalam perilaku organisasi dan kesiapan sumber daya manusia yang ada
PENYULUHAN MESIN PENIRIS MINYAK KERIPIK PISANG
Authors: Mufti Moh. , Santoso Edi , Maulana M. Sahrul 
Published: August 2020

Abstraksi Buah pisang adalah salah satu buah potensial di Desa Galengdowo, yang dapat berbuah sepanjang tahun. Hasil panen pisang mencapai ± 10 ton / tahun. Selama panen massal, terutama mangga, harga pisang turun sehingga petani mengalami kerugian besar. Akibatnya, solusi alternatif diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini, yaitu dengan mengolah pisang menjadi keripik pisang, yang telah diprakarsai oleh beberapa kelompok pengrajin keripik pisang di desa Galengdowo. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh pengrajin adalah kapasitas produksi yang rendah, karena masih menggunakan metode manual, terutama terkait dengan pengeringan minyak dari wajan dan penimbangan keripik pisang. Mayoritas penduduk adalah petani & peternak sapi perah dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah (rata-rata lulusan SMP dan SMA). Dengan penyuluhan dan bantuan 1 unit TTG mesin spinner peniris minyak keripik pisang kapasitas 5 kg dan 1 unit timbangan digital dari tim, para pengrajin akan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksinya sehingga manfaat yang diperoleh akan lebih besar, dengan produksi keripik pisang yang enak, kering dan renyah, yang dapat diproduksi terus menerus. Sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan pengrajin keripik pisang di Desa Galengdowo.Kata kunci: keripik pisang, mesin spinner, kapasitas produksi
UV‐B Resistance of Plants Grown in Natural Conditions
Authors: Pescheck Frauke , Bilger Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plants protect themselves against potentially harmful effects of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation by a variety of mechanisms conferring UV‐B resistance. The underlying resistance mechanisms of a plant can be acclimated corresponding to the prevailing UV‐B exposure in their habitat such that under natural conditions UV‐B damage does not seem to exist. UV‐B resistance is not only induced by UV‐B radiation but to a large extent also by other environmental factors. Here, we review current evidence on how abiotic variables, e.g. low temperature or water deficit, affect UV‐B resistance mechanisms. We are focusing on acclimation of UV‐B screening through the accumulation of UV absorbing compounds, which is well investigated, and on the removal of UV‐B‐induced DNA damage by repair. Although the latter is a resistance mechanism specifically directed to UV‐B‐induced damage, it is strongly underinvestigated. Interaction of UV‐B radiation and other environmental factors can occur at the level of signal transduction chains, most often leading to cross‐resistance. Additionally, the influence of environmental conditions on physiological reactions may lead either to cross‐resistance or cross‐sensitivity.
An Over‐Coupled Phase‐Change Metasurface for Efficient Reflection Phase Modulation
Authors: Park Junghyun , Kim Soo Jin , Landreman Patrick , Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn over‐coupled, thermally tunable metasurface reflect‐array that employs the phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is presented. The metasurface is constructed from gap plasmon cavities in which GST is incorporated as the active switching medium. Upon annealing at 200 °C for 10 min, the GST layer undergoes a transition from the amorphous state to the crystalline state, and this leads to a unity‐order increase of the refractive index. This is accompanied by a spectral shift of 1.6 µm in the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic cavities, larger than their resonance linewidth of 1.2 µm. It is shown that the low material absorption of the GST layer enables operation of the metasurface in the desirable over‐coupled regime. The numerical analysis indicates that this facilitates large changes in the reflection phase (up to 270°) and amplitude. The work opens the possibility of creating efficient reconfigurable metasurfaces for various applications, including holographic displays and image sensors.
Decarboxylative Borylation of Stabilized and Activated Carbon Radicals
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Weigang , Ni Shengyang , Wang Yi , Pan Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRedox‐active esters (RAEs) as active radical precursors have been extensively studied for C−B bond formations. However, the analogous transformations of stabilized radicals from the corresponding acid precursors remain challenging owing to the strong preference towards single‐electron oxidation to the stable carbocations. This work describes a general strategy for rapid access to various aliphatic and aromatic boronic esters by mild photoinduced decarboxylative borylation. Both aryl and alkyl radicals could be generated from the leaving group‐assisted N‐hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride esters, even α‐CF3 substituted substrates could be activated for further elaboration.
Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Containing Polypropylene as the Middle Block
Authors: Yan Tianwei , Guironnet Damien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of stereoregular telechelic polypropylene (PP) and their use to access triblock amphiphilic copolymers with the PP block located in the center is described. The strategy consists of selectively copolymerizing propylene and a di‐functional co‐monomer (1,3‐diisopropenylbenzene) to yield a α,ω‐substituted polypropylene. Initiation of the copolymerization favors insertion of DIB over propylene; propagation steps favor insertion of propylene. Termination via a chain‐transfer reaction yields the terminal unsaturation of the polymer. The telechelic polypropylene is then converted into α,ω‐hydroxyl‐terminated polypropylene and used as a macroinitiator for the synthesis of triblock copolymers. Water‐soluble amphiphilic triblock polymers are also synthesized. The use of catalytic reactions simultaneously provides the stereocontrol of the polypropylene and high productivity (multiple chains of block copolymer per metal center).
Engineering the Charge‐Transfer State to Facilitate Spin–Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing in Spirobis[anthracene]diones
Authors: Lv Meng , Yu Yang , Sandoval‐Salinas María E. , Xu Jianhua , Lei Zuhai , Casanova David , Yang Youjun , Chen Jinquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpiro conjugation has been proposed to dictate the efficiency of charge transfer, which could directly affect the spin–orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC) process. However, this process has yet to be exemplified. Herein, we prepared three spirobis[anthracene]diones, in which two benzophenone moieties are locked in close proximity and differentially functionalized to fine‐tune the charge transfer state. Its feasibility for SOCT‐ISC was theoretically predicted, then experimentally evaluated. Through fine‐tuning the spiro conjugation coupling and varying the solvent dielectric constants, ISC rate constants were engineered to vary in a dynamic range of three orders of magnitude, from 7.8×108 s−1 to 1.0×1011 s−1, which is the highest ISC rate reported for SOCT‐ISC system to our knowledge. Our findings substantiate the key factors for effective SOCT‐ISC and offer a new avenue for the rational design of heavy atom free triplet sensitizers.
Jahn–Teller Disproportionation Induced Exfoliation of Unit‐Cell Scale ϵ‐MnO2
Authors: Jiang Yilan , Yuan Long , Wang Xiyang , Zhang Wei , Liu Jinghai , Wu Xiaofeng , Huang Keke , Li Yefei , Liu Zhipan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExfoliation of non‐layered (structurally) bulk materials at the nanoscale is challenging because of the strong chemical bonds in the lattice, as opposed to the weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions in layered materials. We propose a top‐down method to exfoliate ϵ‐MnO2 nanosheets in a family of charge‐ordered La1−xAExMnO3 (AE=Ca, Sr, Ba) perovskites, taking advantage of the Jahn–Teller disproportionation effect of Mn3+ and bond‐strength differences. ϵ‐MnO2 crystallized into a nickel arsenide (NiAs) structure, with a thickness of 0.91 nm, displays thermal metastability and superior water oxidation activity compared to other manganese oxides. The exfoliation mechanism involves a synergistic proton‐induced Mn3+ disproportionation and structural reconstruction. The synthetic method could also be potentially extended to the exfoliation of other two‐dimensional nanosheet materials with non‐layered structures.
Suppression of Formylation Provides an Alternative Approach to Vacant Codon Creation in Bacterial In Vitro Translation
Authors: Liu Minglong , Thijssen Vito , Jongkees Seino A. K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic code reprogramming is a powerful approach to controlled protein modification. A remaining challenge, however, is the generation of vacant codons. We targeted the initiation machinery of E. coli, showing that restriction of the formyl donor or inhibition of the formyl transferase during in vitro translation is sufficient to prevent formylation of the acylated initiating tRNA and thereby create a vacant initiation codon that can be reprogrammed by exogenously charged tRNA. Our approach conveniently generates peptides and proteins tagged N‐terminally with non‐canonical functional groups at up to 99 % reprogramming efficiency, in combination with decoding the AUG elongation codons either with native methionine or with further reprogramming with azide‐ and alkyne‐containing cognates. We further show macrocyclization and intermolecular modifications with these click handles, thus emphasizing the applicability of our method to current challenges in peptide and protein chemistry.
Single‐Electron Transfer in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
Authors: Holtrop Flip , Jupp Andrew R. , Kooij Bastiaan J. , van Leest Nicolaas P. , de Bruin Bas , Slootweg J. Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are well known for their ability to activate small molecules. Recent reports of radical formation within such systems indicate single‐electron transfer (SET) could play an important role in their chemistry. Herein, we investigate radical formation upon reacting FLP systems with dihydrogen, triphenyltin hydride, or tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone (TCQ) both experimentally and computationally to determine the nature of the single‐electron transfer (SET) events; that is, being direct SET to B(C6F5)3 or not. The reactions of H2 and Ph3SnH with archetypal P/B FLP systems do not proceed via a radical mechanism. In contrast, reaction with TCQ proceeds via SET, which is only feasible by Lewis acid coordination to the substrate. Furthermore, SET from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid–substrate adduct may be prevalent in other reported examples of radical FLP chemistry, which provides important design principles for radical main‐group chemistry.
Chiral Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐Fused CpRh Complexes: Synthesis and Potential Use in Asymmetric C−H Activation
Authors: Li Guozhu , Yan Xiaoqiang , Jiang Jijun , Liang Hao , Zhou Chao , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new class of chiral cyclopentadienyl rhodium(I) complexes (CpRhI) bearing C2‐symmetric chiral bridged‐ring‐fused Cp ligands was prepared. The complexes were successfully applied to the asymmetric C−H activation reaction of N‐methoxybenzamides with quinones, affording a series of chiral hydrophenanthridinones in up to 82 % yield with up to 99 % ee. Interestingly, structure analysis reveals that the side wall of the optimal chiral CpRhI catalyst is vertically more extended, horizontally less extended, and closer to the metal center in comparison with the classic binaphthyl and spirobiindanyl CpRhI complexes, and may thus account for its superior catalytic performance.
Total Synthesis of Kopsinitarine E
Authors: Nagaraju Karre , Ni Dongshun , Ma Dawei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKopsinitarines A–E are complex octacyclic caged Kopsia alkaloids with strained cage skeletons and a unique cyclic hemiaminal bridge that makes total synthesis challenging. Herein, we disclose the first total synthesis of kopsinitarine E. The key synthetic features include a SmI2‐mediated radical cascade cyclization and a subsequent semi‐pinacol rearrangement to install the key carbocyclic skeleton, a chemoselective hydrosilyl amide reduction to construct the hemiaminal ether bridge, and an intramolecular Mannich reaction to establish the highly strained cage system.
Population genetic divergence of bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic: Implications for conservation
Authors: Díaz‐Jaimes Píndaro , Bayona‐Vásquez Natalia J. , Escatel‐Luna Elena , Uribe‐Alcocer Manuel , Pecoraro Carlo , Adams Douglas H. , Frazier Bryan S. , Glenn Travis C. , Babbucci Massimiliano 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Sharks are a priority for conservation because numerous species, including small‐sized coastal species, are being heavily exploited by commercial and recreational fisheries. Understanding the genetic population structure of sharks is key to effective management, maximizing their evolutionary potential in a rapidly changing environment and preventing population declines.
Limited dispersal is an important factor promoting population divergence for several coastal shark species. The genetic variation in 14 microsatellite loci and 21,006 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped using restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing was analysed to assess the genetic structure of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, in the western North Atlantic.
Genetic differences were identified among three well‐defined regions: the western Florida coast, the south‐eastern US Atlantic coast, and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Results support previous studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences in defining differences among these regions and suggest limitations of bonnethead sharks in routinely performing long‐distance migrations.
The limited connectivity among regions explains the pattern of genetic divergence but also reported divergence at the species/subspecies level. These genetically discrete bonnethead populations have independent evolutionary histories that may include local adaptations to specific areas.
Bonnethead sharks are currently managed as two stocks in the USA owing to recent genetic, tagging, and life history studies; however, no stock assessments or management plans exist for Mexico. These results not only serve to reinforce US management strategies and provide critical data about the extent of gene flow and sex dispersal among populations, but also begin the process of effective management in the waters of Mexico to ensure the long‐term productivity and resilience of this species. With an absence of gene flow between populations from US waters and the southern Gulf of Mexico, there is a need for management plans based upon independent biological and population dynamics data since limited or no opportunities for populations to interchange individuals may occur to re‐establish population viability.
Kinetically Manipulating the Nucleus Attachment to Create Atypical Defective Rh−Pt Alloyed Nanostructures as Active Electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Kai , Lyu Zixi , Chen Xuejiao , Liao Xinyan , Chen Guanhong , Lin Xin , Wang Wei , Xie Shuifen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDefective metal nanostructures have attracted great attention due to the striking catalytic behavior of the defect sites. Atypical metal nanocrystals generated from attached nuclei can accommodate abundant grain boundaries (GBs) and twin boundaries (TBs). However, the understanding of their growth‐mechanism and precisely synthetic control over such defective nanocrystals are still scarce. Herein, using the Rh−Pt nanoalloy as a model system, we systematically demonstrate that a prudent control of the reaction kinetics can manipulate the metal nucleation and nucleus attachment to create atypical nanocrystals, including small isolated nanoparticles (NPs), defect‐rich wavy nanowires (WNWs), and {100} facet‐bounded spliced nanocubes (SNCs). In the ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis, the Rh47Pt53 WNWs featured with abundant TBs and GBs show the greatest mass activity (0.655 A ⋅ mg−1Pt, 2.9 times to the commercial Pt/C) and durability. Our work captures the core of reaction kinetics on regulating the nucleus attachment and enables the rational control over the nanocrystal morphology and defect.
Preservation of some stochastic orders by distortion functions with application to coherent systems with exchangeable components
Authors: Arriaza Antonio , Sordo Miguel A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe preservation of stochastic orders by distortion functions has become a topic of increasing interest in the reliability analysis of coherent systems. The reason of this interest is that the reliability function of a coherent system with identically distributed components can be represented as a distortion function of the common reliability function of the components. In this framework, we study the preservation of the excess wealth order, the total time on test transform order, the decreasing mean residual live order, and the quantile mean inactivity time order by distortion functions. The results are applied to study the preservation of these stochastic orders under the formation of coherent systems with exchangeable components.
Effects of slight structural distortion on the luminescence performance in (Ca1‐xEux)WO4 luminescent materials
Authors: Wu Feng‐Nian , Yu Hua‐Jian , Hu Yan‐Yan , Zhang Hua‐Di , Zhang Rui , Li Jing , Liu Bing , Wang Xu‐Ping , Yang Yu‐Guo , Wei Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract(Ca1‐xEux)WO4 (x = 0–21 mol%) phosphors were prepared using the classical solid‐state reaction method. The influence of Eu3+ ion doping on lattice structure was observed using powder X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, under this influence, the luminescence properties of all samples were analyzed. The results clearly illustrated that the element europium was successfully incorporated into the CaWO4 lattice with a scheelite structure in the form of a Eu3+ ion, which introduced a slight lattice distortion into the CaWO4 matrix. These lattice distortions had no effect on phase purity, but had regular effects on the intrinsic luminescence of the matrix and the f–f excitation transitions of Eu3+ activators. When the Eu3+ concentration was increased to 21 mol%, a local luminescence centre of [WO4]2− groups was detected in the matrix and manifested as the decay curves of [WO4]2− groups and luminescence changed from single exponential to double exponential fitting. Furthermore, the excitation transitions of Eu3+ between different energy levels (such as 7F0→5L6, 7F0→5D2) also produced interesting changes. Based on analysis of photoluminescence spectra and the chromaticity coordinates in this study, it could be verified that the nonreversing energy transfer of [WO4]2−→Eu3+ was efficient and incomplete.
Enantioselective assay of nimodipine in human plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Isse Fadumo Ahmed , Le Tyson , Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that exhibits higher selectivity toward cerebral blood vessels compared with other members of the same class. It has been shown to improve outcomes and prevent delayed cerebral ischemia in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, a life‐threatening brain bleed. Nimodipine is a chiral compound and it is marketed as a racemic mixture of (+)‐R and (−)‐S enantiomers. (−)‐S‐Nimodipine is approximately twice as potent a vasorelaxant as the racemic mixture and is more rapidly eliminated than the (+)‐R counterpart following oral dosing. Few analytical procedures have been reported to determine nimodipine enantiomers in biological samples; however, the reported methods were time‐consuming, involved multistep extraction procedures and required large sample volumes. Herein, we present an LC–MS/MS method for quantifying nimodipine enantiomers in human plasma using a small sample volume (0.3 ml) and a single liquid–liquid extraction step. The peak area ratios were linear over the tested concentration ranges (1.5–75 ng/ml) with r2 > 0.99. The intraday CV and percentage error were within ±14% while the interday values were within ±13%, making this analytical method feasible for research purposes and pharmacokinetic studies.