bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined CD44- and CD25-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Selectively Kills Cancer and Regulatory T Cells in Syngeneic Mouse Cancer Models
Authors: Maruoka Yasuhiro , Furusawa Aki , Okada Ryuhei , Inagaki Fuyuki , Fujimura Daiki , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Kato Takuya , Nagaya Tadanobu , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNear-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed and selective cancer treatment that induces necrotic and immunogenic cell death and utilizes a mAb conjugated to a photo-absorber dye, IR700DX, activated by NIR light. Although CD44 is a surface cancer marker associated with drug resistance, anti-CD44-IR700 NIR-PIT results in inhibited cell growth and prolonged survival in multiple tumor types. Meanwhile, CD25-targeted NIR-PIT has been reported to achieve selective and local depletion of FOXP3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which are primary immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in activation of local antitumor immunity. Combined NIR-PIT with CD44- and CD25-targeted agents has the potential to directly eliminate tumor cells and also amplify the immune response by removing FOXP3+CD25+CD4+ Tregs from the TME. We investigated the difference in therapeutic effects of CD44-targeted NIR-PIT alone, CD25-targeted NIR-PIT alone, and the combination of CD44- and CD25-targeted NIR-PIT in several syngeneic tumor models, including MC38-luc, LL/2, and MOC1. The combined NIR-PIT showed significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival compared with CD44-targeted NIR-PIT alone in all tumor models and showed prolonged survival compared with CD25-targeted NIR-PIT alone in MC38-luc and LL/2 tumors. Combined CD44- and CD25-targeted NIR-PIT also resulted in some complete remissions. Therefore, combined NIR-PIT simultaneously targeting cancer antigens and immunosuppressive cells in the TME may be more effective than either type of NIR-PIT alone and may have potential to induce prolonged immune responses in treated tumors.
Хірургічна тактика у пацієнтів з поліпами жовчного міхура
Authors: Vasyliuk S. M. , Fedorchenko V. M. , Osadets V. S. , Labiak I. R. , Vasyliuk A. S. 
Published: January 2020

Поширення поліпів жовчного міхура складає від 1 до 9,5 % у загальній популяції, ймовірність діагностики аденом достовірно зростає, якщо діаметр поліпа сягає понад 10 мм. Частота захворюваності на поліпи жовчного міхура різна залежно від географічного регіону (вища в Азії) чи етнічної належності, але однакова серед чоловіків і жінок. Виділяють псевдопухлинні поліпи та пухлинні поліпи. Найбільш доступним методом діагностики поліпів жовчного міхура є моніторинг за допомогою ульт­развуку. На доопераційному етапі складно визначитися з ймовірністю карциноми жовчного міхура, яка виникла з поліпа, тому виділяють фактори ризику: діаметр поліпа понад 10 мм, вік пацієнта понад 50 років, поліп на широкій основі, локальне потовщення стінки жовчного міхура понад 4 мм, склерозувальний холангіт, етнічна належність до Індії, поодинокий поліп, холелітіаз та поліпи в інших зонах шлунково-кишкового тракту. При асимптомних поліпах жовчного міхура розмірами від 10 мм однозначно рекомендується планова холецистектомія. Якщо у пацієнта є фактори ризику малігнізації, цю величину слід знизити до 6 мм. Холецистектомію рекомендують при поліпах жовчного міхура незалежно від їхніх розмірів, якщо наявні специфічні клінічні симптоми, пов’язані з жовчовивідною системою, або поліпи асоційовані з первинним склерозувальним холангітом. При аналізі клінічної симптоматики та первинного ультразвукового обстеження віддиференціювати псевдопухлинні і пухлинні поліпи вкрай складно. Пухлинні поліпи мають високий ризик малігнізації, що потребує ультразвукового моніторингу впродовж тривалого часу. Показання до операційного втручання при поліпах жовчного міхура є чітко регламентовані, однак при підозрі на карциному жовчного міхура слід дотримуватися активної хірургічної тактики.
Endovascular Versus Surgical Revascularization for Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors: Kolte Dhaval , Kennedy Kevin F. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Mamdani Shafiq T. , Stangenberg Lars , Hyder Omar N. , Soukas Peter , Aronow Herbert D. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The optimal revascularization strategy for acute limb ischemia (ALI) remains unclear, and contemporary comparative effectiveness data on endovascular versus surgical revascularization are lacking.

Methods:
We used the 2010 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample databases to identify hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of ALI. Patients were propensity-score matched on the likelihood of undergoing endovascular versus surgical revascularization using a logistic regression model. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, stroke, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke, any amputation, fasciotomy, acute kidney injury, major bleeding, transfusion, vascular complications, length of stay, and hospital costs.

Results:

Of 10 484 (weighted national estimate=51 914) hospitalizations for ALI, endovascular revascularization was performed in 5008 (47.8%) and surgical revascularization in 5476 (52.2%). In the propensity-score matched cohort (n=7746; 3873 per group), patients who underwent endovascular revascularization had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (2.8% versus 4.0%;
P
=0.002), myocardial infarction (1.9% versus 2.7%;
P
=0.022), composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke (5.2% versus 7.5%;
P
<0.001), acute kidney injury (10.5% versus 11.9%;
P
=0.043), fasciotomy (1.9% versus 8.9%;
P
<0.001), major bleeding (16.7% versus 21.0%;
P
<0.001), and transfusion (10.3% versus 18.5%;
P
<0.001), but higher vascular complications (1.4% versus 0.7%;
P
=0.002), compared with those undergoing surgical revascularization. Rates of any amputation were similar between the 2 groups (4.7% versus 5.1%;
P
=0.43). Median length of stay was shorter and hospital costs higher with endovascular versus surgical revascularization.

Conclusions:
In patients with ALI, endovascular revascularization was associated with better in-hospital clinical outcomes compared with surgical revascularization. Contemporary randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the optimal revascularization strategy for ALI.
Perfusion Computed Tomography Accurately Quantifies Collateral Flow After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lin Longting , Chen Chushuang , Tian Huiqiao , Bivard Andrew , Spratt Neil , Levi Christopher R. , Parsons Mark W. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to derive and validate an optimal collateral measurement on computed tomographic perfusion imaging for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
In step 1 analysis of 22 patients, the parasagittal region of the ischemic hemisphere was divided into 6 pial arterial zones to derive the optimal collateral threshold by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The collateral threshold was then used to define the collateral index in step 2. In step 2 analysis of 156 patients, the computed tomographic perfusion collateral index was compared with collateral scores on dynamic computed tomographic angiography in predicting good clinical outcome by simple regression.

Results—

The optimal collateral threshold was delay time >6 s (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 92%). The computed tomographic perfusion collateral index, defined by the ratio of delay time >6 s/delay time >2 s volume, showed a significant correlation with dynamic computed tomographic angiography collateral scores (correlation coefficient, 0.62;
P
<0.001), with an optimal cut point of 31.8% in predicting good collateral status (sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 86%). When predicting good clinical outcome, the delay time collateral index showed a similar predictive power to dynamic computed tomographic angiography collaterals (area under the curve, 0.78 [0.67–0.83] and 0.77 [0.69–0.84], respectively;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Computed tomographic perfusion can accurately quantify collateral flow after acute ischemic stroke.
First record of Hormiini Förster, 1863, and Macrocentrinae Förster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the fauna of Egypt, with the description of a new species
Authors: EDMARDASH YUSUF A. , EL-GHIET USAMA M. ABU , GADALLAH NEVEEN S. 
Published: January 2020

The tribe Hormiini Förster, 1863, and subfamily Macrocentrinae Förster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are recorded for the first time for the Egyptian fauna. Hormiini is represented by five species in two genera, Avga Nixon, 1940, with a single new species, A. sinaitica Edmardash & Gadallah; and Hormius Nees, 1819 (4 species), H. moniliatus (Nees, 1811), H. propodealis (Belokobylskij, 1989), H. sculpturatus Tobias, 1967, and H. similis Szépligeti, 1896. One species of Macrocentrinae, Macrocentrus collaris (Spinola, 1808) is also reported here. The specimens were collected from different localities of Egypt.
The Financial Dilemma of Students Pursuing an Atmospheric Science Graduate Degree in the United States
Authors: Card Dylan R. , Sussman Heather S. , Raghavendra Ajay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraduate school provides an opportunity for students to enhance their knowledge and skill sets and to develop the qualifications to seek high-skilled employment. However, many graduate students are plagued with personal and financial stressors that can decrease research productivity and professional growth. With ballooning student loan debt and economic inflation, stakeholders should review the financial well-being of our current and future graduate students with greater frequency to ensure the continued fast-paced advancement of science. This study investigated the annual stipend, university fees, housing costs, cost of living, and the state income tax rate of 39 atmospheric science graduate programs in the United States to determine the effective income for first-year graduate students in the 2020–21 academic year. Results showed a large spread in advertised stipend amounts ranging between $19,139 and $41,520 (USD). After taking into account annual university fees, housing costs, and state income tax and normalizing by the cost of living, effective income had a decreased spread ranging between $12,287 and $25,240. Prospective graduate students should not focus on the advertised stipend when deciding between schools since it does not always accurately represent the affordability of the graduate program. The future of scientific research relies on the next generation of scientists. Therefore, graduate programs across the country should focus on providing fair financial compensation in order to attract students with exceptional research skills who otherwise may leave academia to pursue higher-paying jobs after college.
Atmospheric Chemistry of Gaseous Oxidized Mercury at a Coastal Site in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Cheng Irene , Zhang Leiming , Mao Huiting , Ye Zhuyun , Keenan Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A chemistry box model containing a comprehensive suite of mercury (Hg) oxidation mechanisms involving O3, OH, H2O2, Br, BrO, NO2, HO2, and other oxidants was used to simulate the formation of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and understand the chemical processes driving the observed trends in GOM at Kejimkujik, Nova Scotia, Canada. Simulations were conducted using chemical schemes with and without oxidation by O3 and OH. The major oxidants of Hg are O3 and OH (79%), H2O2 (10%), Br with second-stage HgBr oxidation by NO2 (7%), and BrO (3%) in simulations where all GEM oxidation reactions were considered simultaneously. In an alternative chemical scheme without gas-phase oxidation by O3 and OH, the dominant GOM species were HgBrNO2 (58%) and HgBrO (23.5%). Using this chemical scheme, the model reproduced the observed GOM at sub-ppqv Br2 mixing ratios. In the scheme with O3 and OH, the variability in GOM between seasons and between continental and marine air masses was mainly due to the variability in gaseous elemental Hg, O3, OH, and aerosol liquid water content (LWC). LWC governs the partitioning of GOM to the aerosol aqueous phase in the model. In the scheme without O3 and OH, the variability in GOM by season and airmass origin strongly depends on Br and BrO, suggesting that rigorous validation of modeled Br and BrO data are essential for improving the model predictions of GOM in coastal environments.
Mechanisms for Spatially Inhomogeneous Changes in East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation during the Mid-Holocene
Authors: Wang Na , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensified during the early to mid-Holocene relative to the present primarily due to orbital forcing. However, on the regional scale, changes in the monsoonal precipitation exhibit considerable spatial disparity, and the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. In this study, the dynamic processes responsible for the difference of the EASM precipitation between the mid-Holocene and preindustrial period are systematically examined using the CMIP5 multimodel simulations. The moisture budget diagnostic identifies vertical motion as the key factor determining the cross-like precipitation pattern in East Asia. Relative to the preindustrial period, the mid-Holocene anomalous ascending motion corresponds well with the excessive precipitation over northern and southern China, and vice versa for west-central China, the Korean peninsula, Japan, and its marginal seas. In the framework of the moist static energy budget, the increased insolation and the attendant intensification of land–sea thermal contrast give rise to anomalous ascending motions, while descending motions are fundamentally forced by the decreased latitudinal insolation gradient. In particular, thermodynamic changes, namely, the reduced pole–equator temperature and humidity gradients, account for the downward motions over the northwestern Pacific. Dynamic changes, namely, the weakened westerlies, play a leading role in suppressing updrafts in west-central China. This study highlights that the orbital-scale monsoonal precipitation changes are not solely determined by local radiative forcing as repeatedly emphasized before. The latitudinal uneven distribution of insolation is crucial to explain the spatial inhomogeneity in the EASM precipitation changes during the Holocene.
Outcomes of out-of-hospital extracorporeal membrane oxygenation transfers: significance of initiation site and personnel
Authors: Mihama Toru , Liem Spencer , Cavarocchi Nicholas , Hirose Hitoshi 
Published: January 2020

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an accepted therapy option for refractory cardiac or respiratory failure. The outcomes of cases initiated at non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers and subsequently transported for management to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center require further investigation. Methods: Retrospective institutional review board–approved database research and chart reviews were performed on referrals for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initially admitted to an outside non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center hospital (OSH) then transferred to our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH)). Unstable patients were placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at OSH (Group A) before transport, while others were initiated at our certified extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center (Group B) upon arrival. Group A was further subdivided into patients cannulated by OSH personnel (Group AOSH) or TJUH transport team (Group ATJUH). Outcomes and complications were compared between the different initiation sites and personnel. Results: A total of 108 patients were transferred from August 2010 to June 2018. The technical complication rate for all Group A patients was 33/49 (67%), while that of Group B was 24/59 (41%); p = 0.006. Within Group A, Group AOSH had a greater technical complication rate with 29/33 (88%) than Group ATJUH with 4/16 (25%); p < 0.001. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survival rate was 34/49 (69%) in Group A and 43/59 (73%) in Group B; p = 0.690. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survival rate for Group AOSH and Group ATJUH was 21/33 (64%) and 13/16 (81%), respectively; p = 0.210. Conclusion: Promising extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survival rates were observed in transferred patients. The complication rates related to cannulation technique were significantly higher when patients were initiated at non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers, especially when placed by personnel from non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer is promoted by survivin
Authors: Yang Faying , Ma Jianhua , Wan Jianghou , Ha Wuhua , Fang Cheng , Lu Huaiquan , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Objective Recent studies demonstrated that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) contribute to the metastasis of prostate cancer. Survivin knockout could inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppress several metastatic tumors. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of survivin in EMT in CTCs. Methods CTCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of 100 patients with prostate cancer as EpCAM+/CD45− cells via FACS sorting and identified by immunofluorescence staining of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). CTCs and DU145 cells were transfected with survivin siRNA. Then, the levels of survivin, E-cadherin, and vimentin in CTCs and DU145 cells were detected via immunofluorescence staining, and the invasiveness of CTCs and DU145 cells was examined using a Transwell chamber. Results The results revealed the abundant expression of PSA in the cytoplasm of CTCs. Transfection of survivin siRNA significantly decreased the levels of survivin and vimentin in CTCs and DU145, whereas that of E-cadherin was significantly increased, suggesting survivin plays an important role in EMT of CTCs. In addition, survivin siRNA significantly inhibited the invasiveness of CTCs and DU145 cells. Conclusions Survivin plays an important role in EMT of CTCs in prostate cancer, which might mediate the metastasis and invasion of prostate cancer.
Do lung cancer patients require routine anticoagulation treatment? A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Wu Shuxie , Hu Chengping 
Published: January 2020

Objective We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the utility of anticoagulant treatment in lung cancer patients. Method We retrieved studies focused on thrombosis and lung cancer by searching electronic databases. We evaluated the impact of thrombosis on the prognosis of lung cancer patients, assessed the efficacy and effect of anticoagulation treatment in lung cancer patients, and investigated risk factors for thrombosis in lung cancer patients. Result Lung cancer patients with thrombosis have a significantly worse overall survival. Anticoagulant treatment did not improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Although anticoagulant treatment was associated with a reduced incidence of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism, there was an increased risk of hemorrhage in this population. The risk factors for thrombosis in lung cancer patients are adenocarcinoma, advanced tumor stage, and high serum levels of d-dimer. Conclusion Anticoagulation treatment in lung cancer patients should be more individualized. Routine anticoagulant treatment is not recommended.
Importance of human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Huang Kunsong , Ni Guoying , Ma Bowei , Chen Shu , Luan Yi , Wang Tianfang , Walton Shelley , Frazer Ian , Liu Xiaosong , Pan Xuan 
Published: January 2020

Objective Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common oral tumors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed as a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma. Methods In this study, we retrospectively analyzed HPV infection in 121 Chinese patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma in Guangdong Province. Polymerase chain reaction of HPV DNA and immunohistochemistry staining of p16 protein were used to identify the presence of HPV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Results HPV DNA was detected in 15.7% (n = 19) of tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients, with HPV16 being the most common type (n = 8, 42.1%). p16 staining did not correlate with detection of HPV DNA. Male sex was associated with HPV-positive tongue squamous cell carcinoma, whereas there were no significant differences in alcohol consumption, smoking, or age when tumors were stratified by HPV. Conclusion Our study showed that HPV infection contributed to tongue squamous cell carcinoma in a small cohort of patients in Guangdong Province, China. Further investigation is needed to confirm whether HPV is a causal factor for tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Trends of gallbladder cancer incidence, mortality, and diagnostic approach in urban Shanghai between 1973 and 2009
Authors: Zhang Mingdi , Wu Chunxiao , Zuo Bin , Gong Wei , Zhang Yong , Yang Yong , Zhou Di , Weng Mingzhe , Qin Yiyu , Jiang Alex , Zheng Ying , Quan Zhiwei 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To describe and interpret secular time trends in gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidence, mortality, and diagnostic approach using 37 years of cancer registry data in urban Shanghai. Methods: Data on registration of GBC in urban Shanghai during 1973 and 2009 were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. To describe time trends and to identify specific time points when significant changes occurred, we used joinpoint regression analysis. Results: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence increased from 1.1/100,000 (1973–1975) to 2.9/100,000 (2006–2009) in men and from 1.7/100,000 (1973–1975) to 3.9/100,000 (2006–2009) in women. ASRs of incidence increased significantly with estimated annual percent changes (EAPCs) of 2.8% in men and 2.5% in women. The mortality trends increased significantly, with EAPCs of 2.8% in men and 2.5% in women. The increasing incidence and mortality rates were primarily observed in men ⩾60 years of age and in women ⩾70 years of age. Notable downward trends in incidence and mortality were identified among women age 60–69 years over the last decade. The percentage of GBC diagnosed by pathology increased steadily over the years while the percentage of GBC diagnosed by imaging, surgery, and biochemistry sharply increased from 1987 onwards. Conclusions: Thirty-seven years of cancer registry data document a tremendous increase in incidence/mortality and a slight decline in incidence/mortality over the last decades for GBC, especially among women, in Shanghai. The development of diagnostic approaches and aging population may play important roles.