bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban water systems under climate stress: An isotopic perspective from Berlin, Germany
Authors: Kuhlemann Lena‐Marie , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarge urban areas are typically characterized by a mosaic of different land uses, with contrasting mixes of impermeable and permeable surfaces that alter “green” and “blue” water flux partitioning. Understanding water partitioning in such heterogeneous environments is challenging but crucial for maintaining a sustainable water management during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Stable isotopes in water have outstanding potential to trace the partitioning of rainfall along different flow paths and identify surface water sources. While isotope studies are an established method in many experimental catchments, surprisingly few studies have been conducted in urban environments. Here, we performed synoptic sampling of isotopes in precipitation, surface water and groundwater across the complex city landscape of Berlin, Germany, for a large ‐scale overview of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of urban water cycling. By integrating stable isotopes of water with other hydrogeochemical tracers we were able to identify contributions of groundwater, surface runoff during storm events and effluent discharge on streams with variable degrees of urbanization. We could also assess the influence of summer evaporation on the larger Spree and Havel rivers and local wetlands during the exceptionally warm and dry summers of 2018 and 2019. Our results demonstrate that using stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data in urban areas has great potential to improve our understanding of water partitioning in complex, anthropogenically‐affected landscapes. This can help to address research priorities needed to tackle future challenges in cities, including the deterioration of water quality and increasing water scarcity driven by climate warming, by improving the understanding of time‐variant rainfall‐runoff behaviour of urban streams, incorporating field data into ecohydrological models, and better quantifying urban evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Indirect Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption Model for Electric Vehicles: Indian Scenario
Authors: Kurien Caneon , Srivastava Ajay Kumar , Molere Emeric 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The environment-friendly nature of E-vehicles (electric vehicles) coupled with higher energy efficiency has increased their popularity in the automotive industry. A detailed study has been conducted in this article to evaluate the role of the energy mix for electricity generation at the charging locations in secondary C emissions from E-vehicles. The E-vehicle market is booming in India. Evaluation of indirect C emissions was conducted for 3 energy mix scenarios in India, and the results showed that in the present energy mix scenario, E-vehicle emissions will be more than that of conventional-fuel-based vehicles. An energy consumption model for the E-vehicle was also developed in this article using MATLAB Simulink, by considering road slope and driving conditions as input parameters. The developed model was tested for 3 driving conditions, namely (i) Flat road at a constant speed, (ii) Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC), and (iii) Real-time driving condition, to estimate the relation between the energy consumption pattern and the driving range with road slope. Simulation results showed variation in the driving range of the E-vehicles regarding input parameters like road slope and vehicle speed. Therefore, this model could serve as an effective tool for establishing charging stations at strategic locations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:998–1007. © 2020 SETAC
It is time to rethink theall‐Pharm.D. educational system: Multiple tiered degrees would better serve the diverse nature of pharmacy practice
Authors: Brown Daniel L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs of the year 2000, schools of pharmacy stopped offering the option of a 5‐year baccalaureate degree. The 6‐year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) is now the sole entry‐level pharmacy degree. Proponents of an all‐Pharm.D. educational system envisioned that universal doctoral training would raise the level of pharmacy practice by clinically preparing all graduates for greater involvement in direct patient care. Opponents of the change were concerned that some students would be over‐trained and under‐utilized for the distributive practices that awaited them on graduation. Others disputed the rationale of attempting to train all students to be clinical practitioners because societal preferences and the nature of pharmacy practice provided contradictory evidence of such a need. The purpose of this report is to review, from a historical perspective, how the all‐Pharm.D. decision evolved and explore whether the profession might be better served by a different educational system moving forward. It is difficult to find a compelling reason for having eliminated the tiered degree system that existed prior to the all‐Pharm.D. The 5‐year Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Pharmacy and the 2‐year post‐B.S. Pharm.D. degrees served useful academic purposes and proved to be beneficial for students in each respective program. Some pharmacy schools currently lack sufficient resources to provide advanced clinical training and may be better suited to offering a baccalaureate degree. The nursing model of tiered degrees culminates with the terminal Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), which, in large part, justifies the prescribing privileges and provider status afforded to nurse practitioners. A single entry‐level degree system over‐trains many students and undermines the potential of pharmacists to earn prescribing privileges and provider status in recognition of the clinical expertise they possess. A tiered degree system seems better suited to the diverse nature of pharmacy practice. Successfully executing such academic reform would require unity of purpose and collaboration across the profession.
Role of pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China‐Shanghai experiences
Authors: Liao Yun , Ma Chunlai , Lau Alan H. , Zhong Mingkang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe roles and contributions of pharmacists in Shanghai during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic are described in this report. Five pharmacists have been appointed as members of an expert interdisciplinary health care team tasked with taking care of all adult patients with COVID‐19 in Shanghai in a designated hospital, the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (SPHCC). They work with pharmacists at SPHCC, having responsibilities that include drug supplies, dispensing, pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS), prescription audits, medication reconciliations, pharmacotherapy, therapeutic drug monitoring, and patient education. Due to the pandemic, pharmacy operations in all hospitals are modified to adhere to guidelines for infection risk mitigation and personnel protection. Community pharmacies serve as the public access point to health care and medical supplies, providing services beyond dispensing and medication counselling. The establishment of internet hospitals (telehealth facilities) provide new opportunities for delivering pharmaceutical care and working with health care professionals. Pharmacists also participate in evaluating new treatments and keeping health care teams informed of new findings for potential treatment considerations. In response to the critical need for health care professionals in Wuhan, 68 pharmacists from different parts of the country went there to work with the local pharmacists. Through assuming new roles and adapting existing practice, pharmacists have acquired invaluable experiences for future practice advancement. In order to assume these responsibilities effectively, pharmacists need to be equipped with the necessary skills for meeting the evolving health care challenges.
MicroRNA‐10a promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and stemness maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells via upregulating the Hippo signaling pathway through WWC2 inhibition
Authors: Wang Caiyan , Yin Wen , Liu Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs)‐mediated cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn wide attention. This study aimed to probe the role of miR‐10a in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness maintenance of pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs). Differentially expressed miRs and genes in pancreatic cancer (PC) were predicted via an online database, and the miR‐10a and WW and C2 domain containing 2 (WWC2) expression were identified via a comparative study in PC and pancreatitis tissues. PCNCs were isolated and identified, and then the functional roles of miR‐10a and WWC2 in proliferation, invasion, migration, self‐renewal, colony formation abilities, EMT, and stemness maintenance of PCNCs were determined. The effects of miR‐10a on tumor growth in vivo were studied by performing a xenograft tumor in nude mice. Consequently, miR‐10a was highly expressed while WWC2 was lowly expressed in PC tissues. miR‐10a could target WWC2 expression. miR‐10a inhibition reduced EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via enhancing WWC2 expression. The in vitro results were reproduced in in vivo studies. miR‐10a promoted EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via activating the Hippo signaling pathway. Our study provided evidence that miR‐10a inhibition reduced EMT and stemness maintenance of PCSCs via upregulating WWC2 expression and inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway.
Hydrothermal synthesis of rod‐like CoMoO4 and its excellent properties for the anode of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Feng Qingnan , Wang Xinlu , Zhang Huan , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoMoO4 has attracted extensive interest as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, achieving controlled synthesis of CoMoO4 with definite morphology by simply adjusting a certain synthesis condition is a very meaningful topic. Here, rod‐like CoMoO4 formed by lamellar stacking was successfully synthesized through the control pH value of one‐step hydrothermal route, and its excellent electrochemical performance was investigated. The rod‐like CoMoO4 prepared at 190°C and pH = 7 has a high initial discharge capacity of 1,482.8 mAh/g at 200 mA/g. The discharge capacity of 1,041 mAh/g was maintained after 500 cycles, and the capacity retention was 70.2%. The improved electrochemical performance of rod‐like CoMoO4 can be attributed to the rod structures, which could shorten ion diffusion and electronic conduction pathway, provide more efficient charge storage sites, and alleviate the volume changes during Li + intercalation/deintercalation.
Broad‐spectrum next‐generation sequencing‐based diagnosis of a case of Nager syndrome
Authors: Zhao Jue , Yang Liwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNager syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by craniofacial and preaxial limb anomalies. Haploinsufficiency of the SF3B4 gene has been identified as a significant reason for Nager syndrome. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) has similar facial features; however, the TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C genes have been reported as the critical disease‐causing genes. Similar phenotypes make it easy to misdiagnose.Case reportIn this report, we have presented a case of one newborn with acrofacial dysostosis, who was first diagnosed with TCS. Expanded next‐generation sequencing eventually detected a (c.1A>G) heterozygous mutation in the SF3B4 gene at chr1:149899651 that was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Combined with his preaxial limb anomalies discovered after his death, a diagnosis of Nager syndrome was made.ConclusionsThis report presents one patient with Nager syndrome who was initially misdiagnosed with TCS. Correct genetic testing will be beneficial to future prenatal diagnosis.
Restless legs syndrome induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Kanzawa Yohei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntihistamines are known risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS). However, reports on RLS associated with fexofenadine or its combinations are rare. Here, we report a 30‐year‐old woman with RLS that was induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine. She had been taking fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine for three months and felt a strong urge to move her legs at night, which was relieved by movement. Her condition improved by taking pramipexole, which she discontinued subsequently because of dizziness. One month later, she quitted taking fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine, after which her symptoms disappeared a week later. This case study demonstrates that RLS can be induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine and we should always consider the possibility of drug‐induced RLS.
Artemisinin attenuates IgM xenoantibody production via inhibition of T cell-independent marginal zone B cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Lihua , Zhao Juanzhi , Li An , Yang Xuan , Sprangers Ben , Li Shengqiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) has been shown to suppress B cell activation and plasma cell formation. However, its effect on splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells is unknown. Splenic MZ B cells play a critical role in rapidly induced Ab production against blood-borne foreign Ags. Dysfunction of MZ B cells, due to inhibition of its proliferation or displacement of its homing, results in an attenuated adaptive humoral response. Here, we investigate the effect of ART on splenic MZ B (CD19+CD21highCD23low) and B10 (CD19+CD1dhighCD5+) B cells to explore the mechanisms of ART-induced immunosuppression in T cell-deficient nude mice challenged with hamster xenoantigens. In this study, we demonstrate that ART decreases T cell-independent xenogeneic IgM Ab production and, this is associated with a strong suppression of MZ B cell proliferation and a relative increase of CD21lowCD23+ follicular and B10 B cells. In addition, this suppression impairs IL-10 production. Taken together, our data indicate that ART suppresses B cell immune responses through a distinctive effect on splenic MZ B and other B cells. This represents a new mechanism of ART-induced immunosuppression.
Epidemiological features and viral shedding in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Hua Chun‐Zhen , Miao Zi‐Ping , Zheng Ji‐Shan , Huang Qian , Sun Qing‐Feng , Lu Hong‐Ping , Su Fei‐Fei , Wang Wei‐Hong , Huang Lie‐Ping , Chen Da‐Qing , Xu Zhi‐Wei , Ji Le‐Dan , Zhang Hong‐Ping , Yang Xiao‐Wei , Li Ming‐Hui , Mao Yue‐Yan , Ying Man‐Zhen , Ye Sheng , Shu Qiang , Chen En‐Fu , Liang Jian‐Feng , Wang Wei , Chen Zhi‐Min , Li Wei , Fu Jun‐Fen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection broke out all over the world; however, epidemiological data and viral shedding in pediatric patients are limited. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, and followed‐up with all children from the families with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected members in Zhejiang Province, China. All infections were confirmed by testing the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with real‐time reverse transcription PCR method, and epidemiological data between children and adults in the same families were compared. Effect of antiviral therapy was evaluated observationally and fecal‐viral excretion times among groups with different antiviral regiments were compared with Kaplan‐Meier plot. By 29 February 2020, 1298 cases from 883 families were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 314 of which were families with children. Incidence of infection in child close contacts was significantly lower than that in adult contacts (13.2% vs 21.2%). The mean age of 43 pediatric cases was 8.2 years and mean incubation period was 9.1 days. Forty (93.0%) were family clustering. Thirty‐three children had coronavirus disease 2019 (20 pneumonia) with mild symptoms and 10 were asymptomatic. Fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection was positive in 91.4% (32/35) cases and some children had viral excretion time over 70 days. Viral clearance time was not different among the groups treated with different antiviral regiments. No subsequent infection was observed in family contacts of fecal‐viral‐excreting children. Children have lower susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, longer incubation, and fecal‐viral excretion time. Positive results of fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection were not used as indication for hospitalization or quarantine.
Redistribution of inhibitory force feedback between a long toe flexor and the major ankle extensor muscles following spinal cord injury
Authors: Niazi Irrum F. , Lyle Mark A. , Rising Aaron , Howland Dena R. , Nichols T. Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInhibitory pathways from Golgi tendon organs project widely between muscles crossing different joints and axes of rotation. Evidence suggests that the strength and distribution of this intermuscular inhibition is dependent on motor task and corresponding signals from the brainstem. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this sensory network is altered after spinal cord hemisection as a potential explanation for motor deficits observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Force feedback was assessed between the long toe flexor and ankle plantarflexor (flexor hallucis longus), and the three major ankle extensors, (combined gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles) in the hind limbs of unanesthetized, decerebrate, female cats. Data were collected from animals with intact spinal cords (control) and lateral spinal hemisections (LSHs) including chronic LSH (4–20 weeks), subchronic LSH (2 weeks), and acute LSH. Muscles were stretched individually and in pairwise combinations to measure intermuscular feedback between the toe flexor and each of the ankle extensors. In control animals, three patterns were observed (balanced inhibition between toe flexor and ankle extensors, stronger inhibition from toe flexor to ankle extensor, and vice versa). Following spinal hemisection, only strong inhibition from toe flexors onto ankle extensors was observed independent of survival time. The results suggest immediate and permanent reorganization of force feedback in the injured spinal cord. The altered strength and distribution of force feedback after SCI may be an important future target for rehabilitation.
Historical trends of rain and air temperature in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Izzo Michela , Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Maratea Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to characterize trends in air temperature and precipitation from the late 1930s to 2007 in the Dominican Republic, establishing whether some climate change patterns can be identified in the distribution of climate types of this country. The time series to be analysed present many quality issues and challenges, essentially due to abundance of missing data and inhomogeneous measurements. A number of statistical corrections have hence been applied: time series have been first filtered, then homogenized with respect to purposely built reference series, then completed through multiple imputation. Trend estimation has finally been performed on the annual and monthly scale. The analysis of homogenized and imputed series shows that significant trends occurred since 1930s, both in rain and air temperature. A pattern in the distribution of rain trends is evident in the country during the period 1939–2007, which reflects the influence of the orographic structure of the country on the atmospheric dynamics that dominate in the Caribbean region: significant negative annual trends are detectable in leeward areas, behind the main mountainous chains, while positive trends are generally evident in windward regions, exposed to trade winds. All the analysed series demonstrate an increase in air temperature: in Santo Domingo, minimum air temperature increased 3.0 ± 0.5°C since 1936, while the maximum air temperature increased 1.8 ± 0.4°C in the same period. Furthermore, an increase of rain erosivity can be detected on the South coast of the country, in some areas of the Cordillera Central and in the Northeast. Another important result is the increase of potential evapotranspiration, while significant uniform trends cannot be identified for extreme events.
Are high fresh gas flow rates necessary during the wash‐in period in low‐flow anesthesia?
Authors: Arslan Mahmut , Gişi Gökçe , Öksüz Gözen , Öksüz Hafize , Bilal Bora , Boran Ömer Faruk , Çalışır Feyza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn low‐flow anesthesia (LFA), there is a wash‐in period in which usually high fresh gas flow (FGF) rates are used to achieve the required initial concentration of anesthetic agent in the alveoli. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency, safety and the consumption of desflurane in LFA using constant FGF (1 L/min) and conventional LFA using high FGF (4 L/min) during the wash‐in period. Eighty patients, who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in the study. Wash‐in was accomplished with 1 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 18% desflurane in group 1; and by 4 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 6% desflurane in group 2. Throughout the surgery, the vaporizer was adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The time required to reach 0.7 MAC was shorter in group 1 (160 seconds [135‐181] vs 288 seconds [240‐500], P < .001). In 6 patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2, vaporizer settings were adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 MAC (P = .048). Desflurane consumption in the first hour and total desflurane consumption were higher in group 2 (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively). The efficiency of anesthesia in both the first hour and in total was higher in group 1 (P < .001). It is safe, more efficient, and economical to use 1 L/min FGF during the wash‐in period in LFA.
Myelin and Lipid Composition of the Corpus Callosum in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Mice
Authors: Le Steven Q. , Nestrasil Igor , Kan Shih‐hsin , Egeland Martin , Cooper Jonathan D. , Elashoff David , Guo Rong , Tolar Jakub , Yee Jennifer K. , Dickson Patricia I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal disease with progressive central nervous system involvement. This study examined the lipid, cholesterol, and myelin basic protein composition of white matter in the corpus callosum of MPS I mice. We studied 50 week‐old, male MPS I mice and littermate, heterozygote controls (n= 12 per group). Male MPS I mice showed lower phosphatidylcholine and ether‐linked phosphatidylcholine quantities than controls (p < 0.05). Twenty‐two phospholipid or ceramide species showed significant differences in percent of total. Regarding specific lipid species, MPS I mice exhibited lower quantities of sphingomyelin 18:1, phosphatidylserine 38:3, and hexosylceramide d18:1(22:1) mH2O than controls. Principal components analyses of polar, ceramide, and hexosylceramide lipids, respectively, showed some separation of MPS I and control mice. We found no significant differences in myelin gene expression, myelin basic protein, or total cholesterol in the MPS I miceversusheterozygous controls. There was a trend toward lower proteolipid protein‐1 levels in MPS I mice (p= 0.06). MPS I mice show subtle changes in white matter composition, with an unknown impact on pathogenesis in this model.