bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteosarcoma of the sternum after radiotherapy for breast cancer in a patient with suspected hereditary cancer syndrome: a case report
Authors: Trivedi Gaurav , Singh Sankalp , Lohia Nishant , Viswanath S. , Prashar Manoj , S Harish 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Radiation-induced malignancies are a rare phenomenon. Post-radiation sarcoma accounts for 0·5–5·5% of all sarcomas. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after surgery plays a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer. Sarcomas of the breast, chest wall, sternum, axilla or supraclavicular region have been reported as a rare complication of RT for breast cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) of the sternal bone is a rarely reported entity. OS of the sternum secondary to therapeutic ionising radiation is an even rarer diagnosis, and no such cases have been reported in India as per our literature search. Here we report such a case of post-radiation sarcoma after breast cancer treatment—OS presenting in the sternum and both the second ribs in a young lady.Findings:Our patient developed a sarcoma within a previously irradiated field. The latent period was 7·5 years. She initially suffered from a breast carcinoma for which she underwent radical surgery in the form of modified radical mastectomy. She also received 50 Gy RT dose to the chest wall and axilla. She subsequently developed an OS of chest wall in the high-dose region of RT. Another key factor is the high possibility of familial/hereditary cancer inheritance syndrome like Li-Fraumeni in our patient. Though she was never tested for p53 mutations, her young age at first diagnosis (26 years), extremely strong positive family history and spectra of cancers affecting her first-degree blood relatives (brain tumours, leukaemia) strongly hint at the possibility of such a cancer syndrome. Retrospectively, the question certainly arises, given her young age and family history, whether this patient was a right candidate for RT even once as compared to the fact that she received radiation twice.
Microfluidic reflective-mode differential sensor based on open split ring resonators (OSRRs)
Authors: Muñoz-Enano J. , Vélez P. , Gil M. , Martín F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a differential sensor based on a pair of open split ring resonators (OSRR) operating in reflection. The output signal is thus the differential reflection coefficient of both resonators, intimately related to their dielectric loading. Thus, for identical loads in both sensing resonators, the individual reflection coefficients are equal, thereby providing an ideally null output signal. By contrast, when unequal dielectric loads truncate the symmetry, the reflection coefficients are different, resulting in a differential output signal related to the level of asymmetry. In order to ease the measurement of the output signal, a rat-race hybrid coupler is used. The OSRR sensing loads are connected to the coupled ports of the hybrid coupler, whereas the input signal is injected to the Δ-port, and the output signal is collected at the isolated port (Σ-port). By this means, the output signal, i.e. the differential reflection coefficient between both sensing loads, is obtained from the transmission coefficient of a simple two-port structure. For experimental validation purposes, the sensor is applied to the measurement of isopropanol content in aqueous solutions, and for that purpose, the sensitive regions are equipped with microfluidic channels.
Comment on “A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs” by Jiang et al.
Authors: Lynn Kenneth J. W. , Nanan Balan , Klimenko Maxim V. , Klimenko Vladimir V. , Karpachev Alexander T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA paper by Jiang et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026040) apparently tries to find common ground between observations of the F3 layer and TIDs by referring to the later when observed near the equatorial anomaly peak as a new type 1 and TIDs by using ray tracing models with arbitrarily adjusted TID parameters. Further confusion in conflating the two separate phenomena is created by referring to both as “stratification.” This comment points out that the F3 is a daytime temporary layer maintained by E × B uplift at the magnetic equator, normally occurs consistently within the peaks of the equatorial ionization anomaly in F2 electron density and may last for hours. Such a layer can be described as a stratification. How this effect dies out beyond the anomaly peak has yet to be experimentally ascertained. A cusp or inflection type TID is a manifestation of a gravity wave with no consistency in location and local time, of short duration measured in minutes, involving a continuous descent in height and should not be described as stratification. The theory of both is well known, and attempting to explain a possible F3 layer as a new type of layer when seen in the vicinity of an equatorial anomaly peak misunderstands the theory of the phenomenon. Attempts to characterize such a phenomenon as a TID manifestation are not defensible.
Reply to Comment by Lynn et al. on “A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs”
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Yang Guobin , Liu Jing , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is a response to the comment by Lynn et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027575) on the paper by Jiang, Yang, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026040). Although we disagree with Lynn et al. (2020), nevertheless, we do thank them for their comments, since they have given us the opportunity to revisit and clarify some points. In Jiang, Yang, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026040) and this reply, we found that the F2 layer stratification induced by gravity waves/TIDs can last for about 40 min. The shape of the F2 layer stratification is similar to the F3 layer referred to by Lynn et al. (2020). However, the evolution of the F2 layer stratification by Jiang, Yang, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026040) is different from the F3 layer referred to in the comment by Lynn et al. (2020).
The Properties and Origins of Corotating Plasmaspheric Irregularities: Part II—Tomography With Compact Arrays of GPS Receivers
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes insights into the nature of corotating plasmaspheric irregularities (CPIs) enabled by a newly developed method for range‐ and time‐resolved tomographic images of these structures. This was originally developed using high‐precision measurements of total electron content (TEC) gradients toward cosmic radio sources using an interferometric radio telescope, the Very Large Array (VLA). Here, the method has been adapted to work with TEC measurements from compact arrays of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in California and Hawaii. Because the VLA is much more sensitive to line‐of‐sight density fluctuations and the background density within the plasmasphere drops quickly with radial distance, the GPS‐based analysis has a much more limited range (maximum of ∼5,000 km with GPS versus ∼15,000 with the VLA). However, because the GPS arrays collect data continuously, they offer much more complete temporal coverage and range resolution. This enabled a thorough comparison between CPI behavior near solar maximum and that near solar minimum, which was not possible with the VLA. The solar minimum data largely agree with previously reported VLA‐based data, which were mostly confined to times near solar minimum. These indicated that the primary drivers of CPIs during these conditions are perturbations within the background electric field associated with so‐called electro‐buoyancy waves within the midlatitude ionosphere. However, the detection rates of and properties of CPIs were often markedly different near solar maximum. This points to different CPI drivers related to solar/geomagnetic activity such as substorms and/or the interchange instability at lower L‐shells (∼3–4).
Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador
Authors: Gould Carlos F. , Schlesinger Samuel B. , Molina Emilio , Lorena Bejarano M. , Valarezo Alfredo , Jack Darby W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEcuador presents a unique case study for evaluating personal air pollution exposure in a middle-income country where a clean cooking fuel has been available at low cost for several decades. We measured personal PM2.5 exposure, stove use, and participant location during a 48-h monitoring period for 157 rural and peri-urban households in coastal and Andean Ecuador. While nearly all households owned a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and used it as their primary cooking fuel, one-quarter of households utilized firewood as a secondary fuel and 10% used induction stoves secondary to LPG. Stove use monitoring demonstrated clear within- and across-meal fuel stacking patterns. Firewood-owning participants had higher distributions of 48-h and 10-min PM2.5 exposure as compared with primary LPG and induction stove users, and this effect became more pronounced with firewood use during monitoring.Accounting for within-subject clustering, contemporaneous firewood stove use was associated with 101 μg/m3 higher 10-min PM2.5 exposure (95% CI: 94–108 μg/m3). LPG and induction cooking events were largely not associated with contemporaneous PM2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that firewood use is associated with average and short-term personal air pollution exposure above the WHO interim-I guideline, even when LPG is the primary cooking fuel.
Uncovering the PIDDosome and caspase-2 as regulators of organogenesis and cellular differentiation
Authors: Sladky Valentina C. , Villunger Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe PIDDosome is a multiprotein complex that drives activation of caspase-2, an endopeptidase originally implicated in apoptosis. Yet, unlike other caspases involved in cell death and inflammation, caspase-2 seems to exert additional versatile functions unrelated to cell death. These emerging roles range from control of transcription factor activity to ploidy surveillance. Thus, caspase-2 and the PIDDosome act as a critical regulatory unit controlling cellular differentiation processes during organogenesis and regeneration. These newly established functions of the PIDDosome and its downstream effector render its components attractive targets for drug-development aiming to prevent fatty liver diseases, neurodegenerative disorders or osteoporosis.
ROR2 suppresses metastasis of prostate cancer via regulation of miR-199a-5p–PIAS3–AKT2 signaling axis
Authors: Tseng Jen-Chih , Huang Shih-Han , Lin Ching-Yu , Wang Bi-Juan , Huang Shiu-Feng , Shen Ying-Ying , Chuu Chih-Pin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBones are the most common metastatic sites for prostate cancer (PCa). Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), a noncanonical Wnt receptor, plays crucial roles in skeletal morphogenesis, osteoblast differentiation, and bone formation. The role of ROR2 in PCa metastasis is unclear. We analyzed online datasets from Oncomine as well as using IHC staining on tissue array to determine the relationship between ROR2 expression level and disease outcome of PCa. To investigate how ROR2 regulates migration and invasion of PCa cells, we performed transwell assay and orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice. We then applied the Micro-Western Array (MWA), a high-throughput western blotting platform to analyze the downstream signaling pathways being regulated by ROR2. Compared with nonmalignant PZ-HPV-7 and RWPE-1 cells, PCa cell lines express lower level of ROR2 protein. Constitutive expression of ROR2 in PC-3, DU-145, or C4-2B PCa cells significantly suppressed the cell migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. MWA, western blotting, and microRNA analysis showed that elevation of ROR2 suppressed the expression of miR-199a-5p, which in turn increased the expression of PIAS3. The upregulation of PIAS3 then decreased AKT2 and the phosphorylation of AKT, resulting in the inhibition of migration and invasion of PCa cells both in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft mice model. IHC staining of tissue array and Oncomine datasets analysis indicated that the gene and protein level of ROR2 is much lower in metastatic prostate tumors as compared with primary tumors or adjacent normal prostate tissues. Low level of ROR2 correlated to poor survival and high recurrent frequency in PCa patients. In conclusion, we discovered that ROR2 suppresses PCa metastasis via regulation of PIAS3–PI3K–AKT2 signaling axis.
Inhibition of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve Dasatinib efficacy in suppression of cisplatin-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zejia , Liao Jipei , Cullen Kevin J. , Dan Hancai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src plays an important role in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the FDA-approved SRC inhibitor Dasatinib shows very limited efficacy in HNSCC clinical trials, even though Dasatinib can completely inhibit SRC in the laboratory setting. These results suggest that SRC inhibition can cause compensatory up-regulation and/or activation of other survival pathways, which suggests that co-targeting of SRC and the potential signaling pathways may improve the Dasatinib efficacy. In this study, we investigated the role of IKKβ/NF-κB in regulation of the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant HNSCC to Dasatinib. Additionally, we wished to determine whether inhibition of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway could enhance Dasatinib efficacy to inhibit cisplatin-resistant HNSCC without the use of cisplatin. Previous studies have shown that ETS-1 is a crucial SRC effector protein that regulates cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis. We found that SRC kinase inhibition by Dasatinib decreased ETS-1 expression but caused elevation of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling in multiple cisplatin-resistant HNSCC. Interestingly, inhibition of IKKβ/NF-κB by CmpdA (Bay65-1942), a recently identified IKKβ inhibitor, also led to a decrease in ETS-1 levels. Moreover, the knockdown of IKK, but not NF-κB, dramatically decreased ETS-1 expression. In addition, IKKβ and ETS-1 interacted in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC. These data demonstrated cross-talk between SRC and IKK to regulate NF-κB and ETS-1. Furthermore, we found that simultaneous inhibition of SRC and IKKβ through a Dasatinib and CmpdA combination synergistically inhibited NF-κB activation and ETS-1expression, suppressed cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that SRC and IKKβ play crucial roles in cisplatin-resistant HNSCCC and co-targeting SRC and IKKβ could be an effective strategy to treat cisplatin-resistant HNSCC.
Connecting data, tools and people across Europe: ELIXIR’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blomberg Niklas , Lauer Katharina B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractELIXIR, the European research infrastructure for life science data, provides open access to data, tools and workflows in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ELIXIR’s 23 nodes have reacted swiftly to support researchers in their combined efforts against the pandemic setting out three joint priorities: 1. Connecting national COVID-19 data platforms to create federated European COVID-19 Data Spaces; 2. Fostering good data management to make COVID-19 data open, FAIR and reusable over the long term; 3. Providing open tools, workflows and computational resources to drive reproducible and collaborative science. ELIXIR’s strategy is based on the support given by our national nodes - collectively spanning over 200 institutes - to research projects and on partnering with community initiatives to drive development and adoption of good data practice and community driven standards. ELIXIR Nodes provide support activities locally and internationally, from provisioning compute capabilities to helping collect viral sequence data from hospitals. Some Nodes have prioritised access to their national cloud and compute facilities for all COVID-19 research projects, while others have developed tools to search, access and share all data related to the pandemic in a national healthcare setting.
The exhaustive genomic scan approach, with an application to rare-variant association analysis
Authors: Kanoungi George , Nothnagel Michael , Becker Tim , Drichel Dmitriy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRegion-based genome-wide scans are usually performed by use of a priori chosen analysis regions. Such an approach will likely miss the region comprising the strongest signal and, thus, may result in increased type II error rates and decreased power. Here, we propose a genomic exhaustive scan approach that analyzes all possible subsequences and does not rely on a prior definition of the analysis regions. As a prime instance, we present a computationally ultraefficient implementation using the rare-variant collapsing test for phenotypic association, the genomic exhaustive collapsing scan (GECS). Our implementation allows for the identification of regions comprising the strongest signals in large, genome-wide rare-variant association studies while controlling the family-wise error rate via permutation. Application of GECS to two genomic data sets revealed several novel significantly associated regions for age-related macular degeneration and for schizophrenia. Our approach also offers a high potential to improve genome-wide scans for selection, methylation, and other analyses.
Memristor networks for real-time neural activity analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaojian , Wang Qiwen , Lu Wei D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to efficiently analyze the activities of biological neural networks can significantly promote our understanding of neural communications and functionalities. However, conventional neural signal analysis approaches need to transmit and store large amounts of raw recording data, followed by extensive processing offline, posing significant challenges to the hardware and preventing real-time analysis and feedback. Here, we demonstrate a memristor-based reservoir computing (RC) system that can potentially analyze neural signals in real-time. We show that the perovskite halide-based memristor can be directly driven by emulated neural spikes, where the memristor state reflects temporal features in the neural spike train. The RC system is successfully used to recognize neural firing patterns, monitor the transition of the firing patterns, and identify neural synchronization states among different neurons. Advanced neuroelectronic systems with such memristor networks can enable efficient neural signal analysis with high spatiotemporal precision, and possibly closed-loop feedback control.
Low-frequency spin qubit energy splitting noise in highly purified 28Si/SiGe
Authors: Struck Tom , Hollmann Arne , Schauer Floyd , Fedorets Olexiy , Schmidbauer Andreas , Sawano Kentarou , Riemann Helge , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Cywiński Łukasz , Bougeard Dominique , Schreiber Lars R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe identify the dominant source for low-frequency spin qubit splitting noise in a highly isotopically-purified silicon device with an embedded nanomagnet and a spin echo decay time $${T}_{2}^{\,\text{echo}}$$

T

2

echo

= 128 µs. The power spectral density (PSD) of the charge noise explains both, the clear transition from a 1/f2- to a 1/f-dependence of the splitting noise PSD as well as the experimental observation of a decreasing time-ensemble spin dephasing time, from $${T}_{2}^{* }\approx$$

T

2

*

≈

20 µs, with increasing measurement time over several hours. Despite their strong hyperfine contact interaction, the few 73Ge nuclei overlapping with the quantum dot in the barrier do not limit $${T}_{2}^{* }$$

T

2

*

, likely because their dynamics is frozen on a few hours measurement scale. We conclude that charge noise and the design of the gradient magnetic field are the key to further improve the qubit fidelity in isotopically purified 28Si/SiGe.
Dynamic resource allocation drives growth under nitrogen starvation in eukaryotes
Authors: Tibocha-Bonilla Juan D. , Kumar Manish , Richelle Anne , Godoy-Silva Rubén D. , Zengler Karsten , Zuñiga Cristal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCells can sense changes in their extracellular environment and subsequently adapt their biomass composition. Nutrient abundance defines the capability of the cell to produce biomass components. Under nutrient-limited conditions, resource allocation dramatically shifts to carbon-rich molecules. Here, we used dynamic biomass composition data to predict changes in growth and reaction flux distributions using the available genome-scale metabolic models of five eukaryotic organisms (three heterotrophs and two phototrophs). We identified temporal profiles of metabolic fluxes that indicate long-term trends in pathway and organelle function in response to nitrogen depletion. Surprisingly, our calculations of model sensitivity and biosynthetic cost showed that free energy of biomass metabolites is the main driver of biosynthetic cost and not molecular weight, thus explaining the high costs of arginine and histidine. We demonstrated how metabolic models can accurately predict the complexity of interwoven mechanisms in response to stress over the course of growth.
Mechanical and electronic properties of van der Waals layered hcp PdH2
Authors: Liu Zeliang , Ahuja Rajeev , Li Huijian , Luo Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMechanical and electronic properties of palladium dihydrides (PdH2) as a function of pressure were studied by ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The ab initio random structure searching technique was employed for screening potential PdH2 crystal structures under high pressure. A hexagonal close packed (hcp) phase of PdH2 with space group P63mc was reported. The structure geometry and elastic constants were calculated as a function of pressure. It was found that H atoms are in the interstitial position of Pd atoms layer at 0 GPa. There is an electronic topology transition of hcp PdH2 at 15 GPa. When pressure exceeds above 15 GPa, one hydrogen atom occupies the tetrahedral site and another hydrogen atom locates in the interstitial position. When the c/a ratio is between 1.765 to 1.875, the hcp PdH2 is mechanically stable, and the Pd-H2b bond is the major factor that limits the mechanical stability. The elastic constant C44 is the first one that cannot satisfy the mechanical stability criteria under pressure. The anisotropy parameters are far from 1(one) shows that the hcp PdH2 is a highly anisotropic structure. The electronic structure study indicates that the bonding force between Pd and H atoms along the z-axis direction increases with the increasing pressure. Also, the phonon dispersion study shows that PdH2 is dynamic stability under pressure. The results suggest that hcp PdH2 can be metastable in van der Waals layered structure.