bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midline Astrocytic Tumors in Children: A Retrospective Study of 152 Cases
Authors: Prasad Hanuman , Kumar Raj , Faheem Mohd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the various midline structures having preponderance for astrocytoma, their incidence, clinical features, operative approach, prognosis, and outcomes in children. It is a retrospective analysis of 152 cases with midline astrocytic tumors in children admitted between January 1995 and December 2012 in the Department of Neurosurgery at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical sciences Lucknow, India. The mean age of the cases with midline astrocytic tumors was 9.29 ± 4.56 years. Majority of these tumors occurred in the age group of 6 to 10 years (n = 58, 38.16%), with male to female ratio being 1.66:1. Out of 152 cases, tumors located at midline cerebellum constituted majority of the cases (n = 38, 25%) followed by brain stem (n = 28, 18.42%), thalamic region (n = 24, 15.79%), corpus callosum (n = 18, 11.82%), pineal region (n = 12, 7.89%), optic nerve (n = 12, 7.89%), chiasmo-hypothalamic (n = 10, 6.58%), and septum pellucidum astrocytomas (n = 10, 6.58%). Majority of these tumors were of low-grade type (n = 136, 89.47%), and pilocytic astrocytomas were the commonest subtypes. Out of 152 cases, 136 (89.47%) cases had improved outcomes, 8 (5.26%) remained as they were in preoperative state, and mortality was seen in 8 (5.26%) of the cases at 3 to 77 months (mean 26.70 ± 9.70) of follow-up. Midline structures having preponderance for astrocytomas were midline cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, corpus callosum, pineal region, optic nerve, chiasmo-hypothalamic, and septum pellucidum. Cerebellum was the commonest site. Most of these astrocytomas were of low grade with pilocytic astrocytoma being the commonest subtype. With meticulous presurgical planning, most of these tumors have good outcome with significant reduction in mortality and morbidity.
Genetic and Clinical Approach To Microcephaly: A 5-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Elmas Muhsin , Yildirim Umit Can 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrocephaly is a dysmorphic feature characterized by small head size more than two standard deviations below the mean for age, sex, and ethnicity. There are several etiological factors ranging from environmental toxins or infections to genetic disorders. We report clinical, radiological, and molecular genetic investigations of patients with microcephaly from a single center over 5-year period. There were 92 patients with a genetic diagnosis. Based on their genetic diagnosis, we grouped patients into three categories: (1) microcephaly with copy number variations (CNVs), (2) microcephaly with single gene disorders, and (3) microcephaly with aneuploidies. The most common category was aneuploidy in 59% of the patients, followed by single gene disorders in 23% of the patients and CNVs in 18% of the patients. We think that history and physical examination guide physicians to choose the most appropriate genetic testing to identify underlying diagnosis.
Combination Therapies with Y90: Immunoradiation
Authors: Deipolyi Amy R. , Johnson Christopher Bryce , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Bryce Yolanda C.D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile much progress has been made in oncologic care, metastatic solid organ cancer still carries a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, though in most patients, does not control disease when given as a monotherapy. Combining immunotherapy with locoregional therapy is one approach to boost the efficacy of treatments and potentially prolong survival. Most of the researches regarding combination therapies have involved external radiation. This review describes the immunologic effects of external radiation and radioembolization, and how these effects provide a rationale for combining hepatic radioembolization with immunotherapy.
Modular transient nanoclustering of activated β2-adrenergic receptors revealed by single-molecule tracking of conformation-specific nanobodies
Authors: Gormal Rachel S. , Padmanabhan Pranesh , Kasula Ravikiran , Bademosi Adekunle T. , Coakley Sean , Giacomotto Jean , Blum Ailisa , Joensuu Merja , Wallis Tristan P. , Lo Harriet P. , Budnar Srikanth , Rae James , Ferguson Charles , Bastiani Michele , Thomas Walter G. , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Yap Alpha S. , Goodhill Geoffrey J. , Hilliard Massimo A. , Parton Robert G. , Meunier Frédéric A. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceProteins moving freely on the plasma membrane can become transiently trapped in functionally essential clusters. This capability is likely to be influenced by subtle conformational states of the protein promoting or preventing such confinement. The downside of conventional imaging of overexpressed tagged proteins is that it precludes selective tracking of inherently minor albeit functionally essential conformer populations. Intracellular expression of single-chain nanobodies allowed us to track endogenous proteins in highly specific conformational states in live cells and small organisms. We unveiled the full scope of nanoclustering behavior of β2-adrenergic receptors in various conformations, along with their transient nature. This technique is broadly applicable to other proteins and will help unravel essential dynamics and organization of nanoclusters.
TAO-kinase 3 governs the terminal differentiation of NOTCH2-dependent splenic conventional dendritic cells
Authors: Vanderkerken Matthias , Maes Bastiaan , Vandersarren Lana , Toussaint Wendy , Deswarte Kim , Vanheerswynghels Manon , Pouliot Philippe , Martens Liesbet , Van Gassen Sofie , Arthur Connie M. , Kirkling Margaret E. , Reizis Boris , Conrad Daniel , Stowell Sean , Hammad Hamida , Lambrecht Bart N. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in the immune system by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. In the spleen, a specific subset of DCs accumulates around the blood-filtering marginal zone to capture particulate antigens such as red blood cells. We show here that these specialized DCs develop in response to NOTCH2 instruction that is regulated by a poorly studied kinase, called Thousand and One Kinase 3 (TAOK3). This kinase controls DC development in a cell-intrinsic manner, rendering cells receptive to NOTCH2 signaling. Interfering with this kinase opens up ways to manipulate a specific subset of DCs.
Machine-learning iterative calculation of entropy for physical systems
Authors: Nir Amit , Sela Eran , Beck Roy , Bar-Sinai Yohai 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceThe calculation of entropy of a physical system is a fundamental step in learning its thermodynamic behavior. However, current methods to compute the entropy are often system specific and computationally costly. Here, we propose a method that is efficient, accurate, and general for computing the entropy of arbitrary physical systems. Our method is based on computing the mutual information between subsystems within the studied system, using a convolutional neural network. This iterative procedure provides accurate entropy evaluation for systems in and out of equilibrium.
Cosmic acceleration with torsion and non-metricity in Friedmann-like Universes
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Starting from the generalized Raychaudhuri equation with torsion and non-metricity, and considering an FLRW spacetime we derive the most general form of acceleration equation in the presence of torsion and non-metricity. That is we derive the cosmic acceleration equation when the non-Riemannian degrees of freedom are also taken into account. We then discuss some conditions under which torsion and non-metricity accelerate/decelerate the expansion rate of the Universe.
Broadband refractory plasmonic absorber without refractory metals for solar energy conversion
Authors: Wang Baoqing , Wang Wenhao , Ashalley Eric , Zhang Xutao , Yu Peng , Xu Hongxing , Wang Zhiming M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave absorbers with full-spectrum near-unity solar absorption are extremely desirable for solar energy conversion. Here, we theoretically proposed a broadband refractory plasmonic absorber without refractory metal, which has nearly perfect absorption over the whole solar spectrum. The absorber is supported by a periodic refractory dielectric framework of alumina and exhibits superior solar-selective and omnidirectional absorption. The simulated average absorption efficiency is up to 96% from 300 to 1400 nm, and the solar energy absorption efficiency can reach up to 90.8% over the entire solar spectrum range. Moreover, the steady-state temperature profile indicates that the absorber heats uniformly. The broadband refractory plasmonic absorber paves the way for the selective thermal absorption under high-temperature environment and holds great promise for solar energy harvesting and desalination applications.
A highly directional metamaterial-based terahertz circulator that does not require an external magnetic field
Authors: Xue Wei , Zhang Junying , Ma Jun-Wen , Hou Zhi-Ling , Zhao Quan-Liang , Xie Qing , Bi Song 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Circulators, as passive non-reciprocal devices, have excellent potential for application in wireless communication and radar-signal processing. However, the construction of terahertz (THz)-frequency circulators is extremely difficult. Here, an electromagnetic matching model for metamaterials is proposed to support the design of a THz circulator with a wider operating bandwidth. The resulting circulator can work without an external magnetic field in the THz frequency range. The best isolation of this THz circulator is 20.9 dB, and its maximum directionality is 16.6 dB. These results validate a new method for the design of metamaterial-based THz devices.
High-pressure crystal structure and properties of BrCl
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Bao Xin , Sun Ying , Ma Xinjun , Ou Tianji , Li Peifang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The pressure-induced phase transitions of bromine chloride (BrCl) were studied using the CALYPSO structure prediction method and first-principles calculations. Geometry optimization showed that the BrCl underwent the following phase transitions under high pressure: Cmcm → C2/m → Fddd → P4/mmm. These phase transitions occurred at 75, 94, and 140 GPa, respectively. All four phases were calculated to be dynamically stable, judging by the absence of any imaginary phonon modes in the whole Brillouin zone. As the pressure increased, the number of bonds between Br atom and surrounding Cl atoms increased. The high-pressure P4/mmm–BrCl phase (stable at 150 GPa) consisted of eight-coordinated Br atoms and is predicted to exist in BrCl compounds for the first time. The band overlap of the Cmcm phase, which caused the pressure-induced semiconductor → metal transition, occurs ∼50 GPa. This article lays the foundation for further theoretical and experimental research.
The pure and representative types of disordered platinum nanoparticles from machine learning
Authors: Parker Amanda J , Motevalli Benyamin , Opletal George , Barnard Amanda S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of interpretable structure/property relationships is a cornerstone of nanoscience, but can be challenging when the structural diversity and complexity exceeds our ability to characterise it. This is often the case for imperfect, disordered and amorphous nanoparticles, where even the nomenclature can be unspecific. Disordered platinum nanoparticles have exhibited superior performance for some reactions, which makes a systematic way of describing them highly desirable. In this study we have used a diverse set of disorder platinum nanoparticles and machine learning to identify the pure and representative structures based on their similarity in 121 dimensions. We identify two prototypes that are representative of separable classes, and seven archetypes that are the pure structures on the convex hull with which all other possibilities can be described. Together these nine nanoparticles can explain all of the variance in the set, and can be described as either single crystal, twinned, spherical or branched; with or without roughened surfaces. This forms a robust sub-set of platinum nanoparticle upon which to base further work, and provides a theoretical basis for discussing structure/property relationships of platinum nanoparticles that are not geometrically ideal.
Bioinspired PDMS-graphene cantilever flow sensors using 3D printing and replica moulding
Authors: Kamat Amar M , Zheng Xingwen , Jayawardhana Bayu , Kottapalli Ajay Giri Prakash 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Flow sensors found in animals often feature soft and slender structures (e.g. fish neuromasts, insect hairs, mammalian stereociliary bundles, etc) that bend in response to the slightest flow disturbances in their surroundings and heighten the animal’s vigilance with respect to prey and/or predators. However, fabrication of bioinspired flow sensors that mimic the material properties (e.g. low elastic modulus) and geometries (e.g. high-aspect ratio (HAR) structures) of their biological counterparts remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a facile and low-cost method of fabricating HAR cantilever flow sensors inspired by the mechanotransductory flow sensing principles found in nature. The proposed workflow entails high-resolution 3D printing to fabricate the master mould, replica moulding to create HAR polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cantilevers (thickness = 0.5–1 mm, width = 3 mm, aspect ratio = 20) with microfluidic channel (150 μm wide × 90 μm deep) imprints, and finally graphene nanoplatelet ink drop-casting into the microfluidic channels to create a piezoresistive strain gauge near the cantilever’s fixed end. The piezoresistive flow sensors were tested in controlled airflow (0–9 m s−1) inside a wind tunnel where they displayed high sensitivities of up to 5.8 kΩ m s−1, low hysteresis (11% of full-scale deflection), and good repeatability. The sensor output showed a second order dependence on airflow velocity and agreed well with analytical and finite element model predictions. Further, the sensor was also excited inside a water tank using an oscillating dipole where it was able to sense oscillatory flow velocities as low as 16–30 μm s−1 at an excitation frequency of 15 Hz. The methods presented in this work can enable facile and rapid prototyping of flexible HAR structures that can find applications as functional biomimetic flow sensors and/or physical models which can be used to explain biological phenomena.
The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Klose S-J , Ellis J , Riedel F , Schröter S , Niemi K , Semenov I L , Weltmann K-D , Gans T , O’Connell D , van Helden J H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPJs) are an emerging technology for the localised treatment of heat sensitive surfaces. Adding humidity to the CAPJ’s feed gas yields an effective production of highly reactive intermediate species, such as hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and hydroxyl radicals, among others, which are key species for biomedical applications. This study focusses on the effluent of the CAPJ kINPen, which was operated with argon feed gas and a humidity admixture of 3000 ppm, while a gas curtain was used to limit the diffusion of ambient air into the effluent. The axial and radial density distribution of O and H atoms is measured by means of picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (ps-TALIF). A maximum O atom density of (3.8 ± 0.7) × 1015 cm−3 and a maximum H atom density of (3.5 ± 0.7) × 1015 cm−3 are found at the nozzle of the plasma jet. The experimental results are compared to a two-dimensional reacting flow model that is coupled with a local zero-dimensional plasma chemical model. With this model, the main H and O atom production mechanisms are determined to be the dissociation of H2O and O2 in the plasma zone of the plasma jet. The latter indicates, that a significant amount of oxygen (1%) was present inside the device. The reaction of OH with O atoms represents the main consumption pathway for O atoms and is at the same time a significant production pathway for H atoms. The main consumption of H atoms is through a three-body reaction including O2 to form HO2, which consumes more H and O atoms to form OH. It is pointed out, that most of the species are produced in the plasma zone, and that O and H atoms, OH and HO2 radicals, and O2 and H2O molecules are strongly connected.
Evidence, origin and impact of liquid flows in plasma medicine in vitro treatments with APPJs
Authors: Stancampiano Augusto , Bocanegra Pablo Escot , Dozias Sébastien , Pouvesle Jean-Michel , Robert Eric 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plasma jets are being intensively studied for biomedicine applications but their fine control remains challenging due to the mutual interactions between plasma and target. Even considering one of the simplest scenario in a research laboratory, using a plasma jet to treat a 2D cells culture in a plastic multi-well plate, it is not known in detail how the physical environment of the micro-well may influence the nature of the plasma jet treatment. This study aims to shed light by investigating for the first time the liquid flows induced by the plasma treating a biologically-relevant liquid (e.g. PBS) in standard tissue culture grade multi well plates (i.e. 96, 24, 12 and 6 wells). Evaporation, induced by the anhydrous gas flow, is demonstrated to govern the thermal effect and be at the origin of the observed liquid cooling. Moreover, the formation of stable vortexes in the liquid induces a non-uniform distribution of plasma generated reactive species. This phenomenon, reported for various vessels and volumes of liquid, does not originate from thermal gradients but is instead the likely result of a combination of electrohydrodynamic forces and gas flow tangential components induced by the plasma impinging on the liquid surface.
Avalanche induced rapid impedance change and electron power absorption during gas breakdown under radio-frequency excitation
Authors: Liu Yong-Xin , Wang Xiang-Yu , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Donkó Zoltán , Zhao Kai , Schulze Julian , Wang You-Nian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the initiation of a gas discharge under radio-frequency excitation we find that the system undergoes a sequence of distinct electron power absorption modes, while its impedance changes on the nanosecond timescale within the pre-breakdown, breakdown and post-breakdown phases. The experimental results for the spatiotemporal distribution of the excitation rate as well as other plasma parameters during the breakdown process are confirmed by particle-based kinetic simulations. The phenomenon is followed by an analytical model that sheds light on the temporal variation of the current and voltage waveforms as well as their phase difference leading to the rapid variation of the impedance during the build-up of the plasma.
Effects of emitting surfaces and trapped ions on the sheath physics and current flow in multidimensional plasma systems
Authors: Johnson G R , Campanell M D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent one-dimensional simulations of planar sheaths with strong electron emission have shown that trapping of charge-exchange ions causes transitions from space-charge limited (SCL) to inverse sheaths. However, multidimensional emitting sheath phenomena with collisions remained unexplored, due in part to high computational cost. We developed a novel continuum kinetic code to study the sheath physics, current flow and potential distributions in two-dimensional unmagnetized configurations with emitting surfaces. For small negatively biased thermionic cathodes in a plasma, the cathode sheath can exist in an equilibrium SCL state. The SCL sheath carries an immense density of trapped ions, neutralized by thermoelectrons, within the potential well of the virtual cathode. For further increases of emitted flux, the trapped ion cloud expands in space. The trapped ion space charge causes an increase of thermionic current far beyond the saturation limit predicted by conventional collisionless SCL sheath models without ion trapping. For sufficiently strong emission, the trapped ion cloud consumes the entire 2D plasma domain, forming a mode with globally confined ions and an inverse sheath at the cathode. In situations where the emitted flux is fixed and the bias is swept (e.g. emissive probe), the trapped ions cause a large thermionic current to escape for all biases below the plasma potential. Strong suppression of the thermionic emission, required for the probe to float, only occurs when the probe is above the plasma potential.
A theoretical analysis of steady three-dimensional flow and heat transfer of Power-Law nanofluid over a stretchable rotating disk filled with gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Usman  , Lin Ping , Ghaffari Abuzar , Mustafa Irfan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current research study investigates the steady three-dimensional flow and heat transfer of a power-law nanofluid in the presence of the uniformly applied magnetic field and nonlinear thermal radiation over the stretchable rotating disk filled with gyrotactic microorganisms. The physically modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) are lessened to combined nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with appropriate transformation. The influence of several types of pertinent parameters upon the dimensionless distributions of velocity, temperature, the concentration of nanoparticles, and microorganisms are analyzed graphically by solving the ODEs with a well-known shooting method. The tabular comparison is provided for the verification between the present results with those in the literature. Also, the physical quantities of interest are calculated, and the effects are scrutinized. Furthermore, it is noticed that the emerging parameters have produced a significant influence upon the velocity components, temperature, concentration of nanoparticles, and motile density of microorganisms.
Unraveling the effect of the defect and adsorbate on the magnetic properties of χ
3 borophene nanoribbons: an in-silico study
Authors: Molaeezadeh Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Shadman Lakmehsari Mohammad , Arabieh Masoud , T. Azar Yavar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of borophene-based nanostructures have attracted researchers’ interest in several related fields. The diversity of geometric structures based on borophene presents a broad category of applications ranging from biomedical technology to spintronics. Here, the configurational dependence of χ
3 borophene magnetic and electronic properties was examined systematically based on spin-polarized density functional theory. Our results show that vacancy defects and their distribution over the borophene play a vital role in the structure magnetization. A tight correlation between the edge geometry and total magnetism was observed. The spin polarization was attributed to the quasi-localized states at the edge atoms. The inspection of individually plausible adsorption modes of a typical organic molecule on nanoribbon unraveled a strong dependence between magnetic moment and adsorption mode.