bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of drug, dose, and the tolerance/intolerance of new drugs in multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Jörg Lukas , Yerly Daniel , Helbling Arthur , Pichler Werner 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome (MDH) is used to describe persons with a drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) to at least two chemically unrelated drugs, confirmed by skin test or in vitro assay.MethodsMedical records of 25 patients with MDH, tested and confirmed at our allergy division, were retrospectively evaluated in terms of clinical course, involved drugs, daily drug dose, latency periods, test results of skin test and cellular assays, and tolerated drugs in subsequent pharmacological treatments.ResultsMultiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome almost exclusively appeared as a delayed, often severe DHR and started in 14/25 with a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Penicillins (13/25, 52.0%) and cephalosporins (6/25, 24.0%), typical high‐dose drugs, were most often identified as elicitors of MDH, especially at the first DHR, followed by aromatic antiepileptics (7/25, 28.0%), vancomycin (4/25, 16.0%), and antibiotic sulfonamides (4/25, 16.0%). Cephalosporins, clindamycin, and radio contrast media (RCM) were mainly involved in subsequent DHR. The median daily drug dose of all drug trigger was 1875.0 mg (662.5; 2100.0) at the first DHR and 600.0 mg (300.0; 1300.0) at subsequent DHR, P = .0420.ConclusionHigh‐dose drugs, especially beta‐lactam antibiotics, RCM and clindamycin, are common elicitors of subsequent DHR in patients with MDH. Macrolides, quinolones, doxycycline, nonaromatic antiepileptics, and paracetamol were often tolerated. As the same drugs elicited both flare‐up reactions and real DHR, drug‐induced flare‐up reactions may be precursors of a possible second DHR and MDH. The administration of highly dosed drugs should be avoided in patients at risk for MDH.
A cross‐lagged panel analysis of fear appeal appraisal and student engagement
Authors: Nicholson Laura J. , Putwain David W. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundFear appeals are persuasive messages given by teachers to students about the importance of avoiding failure in an upcoming high‐stakes test. The relationship between the way that students appraise fear appeals and engagement in lessons has not previously been tested using a robust methodological and analytical design that fully controls for concurrent relationships between the variables and stability over time.AimThe present study addressed these limitations using a cross‐lagged panel design to probe reciprocal relationships between students’ appraisal of fear appeals as a threat and as a challenge, with their engagement in class.SampleA total of 2,025 Year 10 and 11 students took part.MethodFear appeal appraisal and student engagement were measured at two time points, 4 months apart.ResultsAfter controlling for unlagged and auto‐lagged correlations, and gender and year group, the model fit the data well and six cross‐lagged paths emerged as statistically significant. Threat appraisal and emotional engagement were reciprocally, negatively related. Threat appraisal also positively predicted emotional disaffection and challenge appraisal negatively predicted behavioural disaffection. In addition, prospective relations were revealed between specific components of student engagement.ConclusionsClassroom teachers need to be aware of the possible consequences of making fear appeals and moderate this aspect of their practice accordingly. It would also be beneficial for educational interventions to focus on promoting challenge appraisals of fear appeals.
Social cognitions and smoking behaviour: Temporal resolution matters
Authors: Brinken Lillian , Schüz Benjamin , Ferguson Stuart G. , Scholz Urte , Schüz Natalie 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesHealth behaviour theories outline how cognitions predict behaviours, but rarely specify the temporal relation between cognitions and behaviours. It is not known whether these predictive relationships vary depending on temporal resolution or whether the relative influence of cognitions varies with measurement schedules.The current exploratory study therefore investigates whether the associations between behavioural cognitions (self‐efficacy, intention, and risk perception) and smoking vary when measured momentarily, at day level, or using the more common baseline–follow‐up design.DesignEMA study involving 36 continuing smokers over 17 days. Participants logged cigarettes and reported their cognitions at baseline, daily (evening), and in response to momentary surveys.MethodsRandom‐effects models were used to compare the effects of cognitions measured at different time points on (1) the number of cigarettes smoked daily and (2) the time interval until the next cigarette smoked.ResultsSelf‐efficacy and risk perception measured at baseline significantly predicted cigarettes smoked each day, but this effect became non‐significant when daily measurements of cognitions were included in the model. Momentary smoking behaviour was predicted by momentary measurements of risk perception, with no significant effects of social cognitions at baseline.ConclusionsRelationships between cognitions and behaviours vary according to the temporal resolution of the measurement schedule. Ensuring that the temporal resolution of assessment is appropriate for the temporal dynamics of the behaviour being assessed is important. Future research is needed to investigate the potential for leveraging specific cognitive processes depending on temporal importance in order to increase health‐promoting behaviours.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Social cognitions including intentions, risk perception, and self‐efficacy have been observed to predict smoking.

Little is known about the role of time in the cognition–behaviour relationship.

Cognitions have been observed to fluctuate, but instability is typically not considered in research design.

What does this study add?

Daily measurement of social cognitions predicts behaviour better than measurements taken at baseline.

Momentary smoking behaviour is predicted by momentary cognitions at the intra‐individual level.

Temporal resolution of measurement should be considered when investigating cognition–behaviour relationships.
Remote ischemic conditioning for the treatment of ischemic moyamoya disease
Authors: Ding Jia‐yue , Shang Shu‐ling , Sun Zhi‐shan , Asmaro Karam , Li Wei‐li , Yang Qi , Ding Yu‐chuan , Ji Xun‐ming , Meng Ran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThis study investigated the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on ameliorating the sequelae of ischemic moyamoya disease (iMMD).MethodsA total of 30 iMMD patients underwent long‐term RIC and were followed up at 0.5, 1, and 2 years for clinical outcomes, including frequency of stroke recurrence, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale, peak systolic velocities (PSV), and cerebral perfusion.ResultsDuring the whole RIC treatment process, no RIC‐related adverse event occurred. Only one of 30 patients suffered a onetime infarction (3.3%), and the ratios of acceptable PGIC were 88.2%, 64.3%, and 92.3% at 0.5, 1, and 2 years follow‐up. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed the frequency of stroke recurrence was significantly reduced after RIC (P = .013). The frequency of TIA per week was 1.1 (0.6, 2.8) prior to RIC and 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) post‐RIC (P < .01). Compared to baseline, PSV values were significantly reduced after RIC treatment (P = .002 at 0.5, P = .331 at 1, and P = .006 at 2 years). In patients undergoing perfusion studies, 75% obtained improvement on followed‐up SPECT and 95% on followed‐up PET maps.ConclusionsRemote ischemic conditioning may be beneficial on controlling iMMD‐induced ischemic events, relieving symptoms, and improving cerebral perfusion, without incidence of complications in this case series.
Modelling species distributions limited by geographical barriers: A case study with African and American primates
Authors: Aliaga‐Samanez Alisa , Real Raimundo , Vermeer Jan , Olivero Jesús 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe boundaries of species distributions are often shaped by natural barriers, such as mountains and rivers, but species distribution models usually fail to include these constraints. We tested several approaches that include barriers as explanatory variables in species distribution models.LocationAfrica and South America.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPrimates.MethodsWe modelled the ranges of pairs of species separated by a river, taking into account three explanatory components: the environment (ecosystems, topohydrography, climate and human pressure), the spatial structure shaped by history and population dynamics (using a trend‐surface approach) and rivers as naturals barriers to dispersal (using a binary cis–trans variable that describes both sides of the river). To assess how the addition of a spatial structure and the barrier could improve distribution models, we used a nested approach by comparing models based on: (a) the environment; (b) the environment and the spatial structure; and (c) the environment, the spatial structure and the river. These models were constructed using favourability functions.ResultsThere was a decreased occurrence of high‐favourability values on the opposite side of the rivers in models that included the spatial structure of distributions compared with models based on the environment alone. This decrease was more marked when the description of the spatial structure was made more flexible. However, model performance was significantly improved by the inclusion of cis–trans variables that identified areas on the opposite side as totally unfavourable.Main conclusionsThe performance of distribution models can be improved by the use of approaches that describe barriers. Although adding the location of geographical units in relationship to a river appears to be the most accurate way to define the presence of a barrier, defining this variable may be challenging. A suitable alternative is to analyse the spatial structure of distributions using a flexible approach.
High blood pressure in dementia: How low can we go?
Authors: Turana Yuda , Tengkawan Jeslyn , Chia Yook‐Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Shin Jinho , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Minh Huynh Van , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Chen Chen‐Huan , Nailes Jennifer , Hoshide Satoshi , Park Sungha , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Verma Narsingh , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypertension is an important public health concern. The prevalence keeps increasing, and it is a risk factor for several adverse health outcomes including a decline in cognitive function. Recent data also show that the prevalence of hypertension and age‐related dementia is rising in Asian countries, including in the oldest old group. This study aims to discuss possible treatments for high blood pressure in the elderly and propose an optimal target for BP relative to cognitive outcomes. This review discusses several studies on related blood pressure treatments that remain controversial and the consequences if the treatment target is too low or aggressive. Longitudinal, cross‐sectional, and RCT studies were included in this review. An optimum systolic blood pressure of 120‐130 mm Hg is recommended, especially in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with significant risk factors. In the oldest old group of patients, hypertension might have a protective effect. The use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) is independently associated with a decreased risk of dementia in older people. However, personalized care for patients with hypertension, especially for patients who are frail or very old, is encouraged.
Experience of a ‘Screen and treat’ program for secondary prevention of cervical cancer in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Shikha Srivastava , Smita Joshi , Nayanjeet Chaudhury , Ruchi Pathak , Parul Saxena , Uma Mahajan , Shubhra Trivedi , Phillip George , Pritpal Marjara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimConsidering the burden of cervical cancer in India, innovative approaches are needed to improve coverage of cervical cancer screening.MethodsFrom May 2014 to January 2017, we implemented a project in 10 cities in Uttar Pradesh, India using World Health Organization‐recommended ‘screen and treat’ approach for cervical cancer prevention. We involved private practitioners (obstetricians and gynecologists and general practitioners) in these cities to provide affordable cervical cancer screening to women mobilized by our community health workers. A pilot phase was implemented in three cities during May 2014 and December 2015 and the project was scaled‐up to additional seven cities between January 2016 and January 2017.ResultsA total of 100 836 women aged between 30 and 60 years were screened with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) of which 5477 (5.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.29, 5.57) were VIA positive. Treatment with cryotherapy was given to 3735 (68.2%, 95% CI 66.96, 69.43) women. In the three cities that piloted the program, VIA positivity rates significantly declined from 6.6% (95% CI 6.31, 6.84) to 4.0% (95% CI 3.82, 4.24) during the scale‐up phase (P < 0.0001) and the rates of cryotherapy significantly increased from 66.8% (95% CI 64.78, 68.77) to 76.7% (95% CI 74.42, 78.96) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionWe observed a significant decline in the VIA positivity rates during the scale‐up phase in the three cities that participated in the pilot phase. We have reported successful engagement of private practitioners to provide affordable cervical cancer screening and it is possible to replicate it in other states in India as well.
Plasma metabolite biomarkers of boiled and filtered coffee intake and their association with type 2 diabetes risk
Authors: Shi L. , Brunius C. , Johansson I. , Bergdahl I.A. , Rolandsson O. , van Guelpen B. , Winkvist A. , Hanhineva K. , Landberg R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHabitual coffee intake has been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but few studies used biomarkers to reflect intake and investigated different coffee brews, that is boiled and filtered, separately.ObjectivesTo identify plasma metabolites associated with boiled or filtered coffee intake and to examine their association with T2D risk in Swedish adults.MethodsIn a case–control study nested within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, baseline plasma samples from 421 case–control pairs and samples from a subset of 149 pairs at a 10‐year follow‐up were analysed using untargeted LC‐MS metabolomics. We identified metabolites associated with food frequency questionnaires (FFQ)‐estimated coffee intake and assessed odds ratios of T2D.ResultsIn total, 24 and 32 metabolites were associated with boiled or filtered coffee intake. We determined robust metabolite panels for highly specific prediction of boiled or filtered coffee. We observed an inverse association between the metabolite panel of filtered coffee and T2D risk. No association with T2D was observed for the panel of boiled coffee intake. Similar results were observed for FFQ‐estimated coffee intake.ConclusionsWe identified plasma metabolites specifically associated with boiled or filtered coffee intake, which might be used as selective biomarkers. Our study supports a protective role of habitual intake of filtered coffee on T2D development. The lack of association for boiled coffee intake might be due to the lack of a protective effect of boiled coffee or due to the limited number of boiled coffee consumers in this population, but it warrants further investigation.
Gender Differences in Socio‐ecological Determinants of Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Jacobs Wura , Barry Adam E. , Merianos Ashley L. , Becker Kelsi J. , Valente Thomas W. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCompared to other racial groups, Hispanic/Latino(a) adolescents experience higher rates of alcohol (ab)use and alcohol‐related problems. Evidence suggests there are gender differences in alcohol use patterns indicating the likelihood of gender differences in how various determinants influence alcohol use among the genders. Assessing the mechanisms that contribute to Hispanic adolescents' alcohol use requires an understanding of the multidimensional social and environmental processes that operate together to impact their alcohol use. In this study, we examined socio‐ecological determinants of Hispanic adolescent alcohol use by gender.METHODSData from 10th grade Hispanic/Latino(a) students (N = 781) from four high schools in Los Angeles were used to examine associations between socio‐ecological characteristics and adolescent alcohol use by gender.RESULTSOverall, 37.5% of participants reported past 30‐day alcohol use. Among boys, alcohol use was associated with intrapersonal (not qualifying for reduced lunch), interpersonal (mother's education and peer drinking), and institutional (alcohol‐prone school club membership) determinants. Among girls, alcohol use was associated with intrapersonal (academic achievement) and interpersonal (parent and peer alcohol use behavior) determinants.CONCLUSIONSPrevention and intervention efforts need to take into consideration the gender differences in social‐ecological risk and protective factors when designing educational or intervention programs and services targeted at Hispanic adolescents. This is crucial to addressing multi‐component factors that influence their substance use behavior.
Echocardiographic and biomarker evidence of plasma volume expansion after short‐term steroids administered orally in cats
Authors: Block Chloё L. , Oyama Mark A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSteroids administered PO and intramuscularly are associated with development of congestive heart failure in cats without prior signs of heart disease, but criteria to identify cats at increased risk for steroid‐induced heart failure are not established.HypothesisCats administered steroids PO for 5 to 7 days will develop increased N terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentration and heart size.AnimalsTen client‐owned cats.MethodsObservational cohort study. Cats intended to initiate at least a 5‐day course of steroids administered PO were consecutively recruited.ResultsSteroids administered PO to cats are not associated with differences in absolute concentration of NT‐proBNP (baseline: 49 pmol/L [range, 24‐1013]; after steroids: 85 pmol/L [range, 46‐1367]; P = .23), blood pressure (baseline: 145 mm Hg [range, 116‐163]; after steroids: 145 mm Hg [range, 115‐230]; P = .94), nor blood glucose concentration (baseline: 125 mg/dL [range, 92‐254]; after steroids: 144 mg/dL [range, 114‐307]; P = .43), but are associated with increased median left atrial dimension (baseline: 1.26 cm [range, 0.96‐2.03; after steroids: 1.38 [range, 1.03‐2.20]; P = .02) and mean left ventricular internal diameter (baseline: 1.55 cm [standard deviation—SD, 0.28; after steroids: 1.72 cm [SD, 0.28]; P = .03). Six of 10 (60%) cats had a percentile change in NT‐proBNP >60% after steroids, and 3 of 8 (38%) cats with baseline BNP <100 pmol/L had an NT‐proBNP >100 pmol/L after steroids.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased heart size and percentage change in individual NT‐proBNP concentration suggests plasma volume expansion secondary to steroids administered PO in cats. A serial assessment of an individual cat's change in NT‐proBNP might be clinically useful for judging risk for volume expansion.
Whistleblowing vs. Random Audit: An Experimental Test of Relative Efficiency
Authors: Bazart Cécile , Beaud Mickael , Dubois Dimitri 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThis paper reports an experimental test of the relative efficiency of a whistleblowing‐based audit scheme compared to a random‐based audit scheme. We design a between‐subjects laboratory experiment with two treatments: a benchmark with a random‐based audit scheme and an alternative treatment in which taxpayers can blow the whistle. Compared to the benchmark, the whistleblowing‐based audit scheme (i) improves the targeting of evaders, (ii) decreases the monetary amount of tax evasion, and (iii) raises the tax levy.
Contribution of animal studies to migraine research
Authors: Shibata Mamoru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiology of migraine is still largely unknown. Since migraine is a paroxysmal functional disorder without established biomarkers, it is extremely hard to capture migraine‐related abnormalities in a tangible manner. There have been numerous attempts to recapitulate disease processes relevant to migraine using animal disease models. By combining scientific data from human studies with those from animal experiments, researchers have been trying to elucidate the pathophysiology of migraine little by little, and such endeavors also contributed to the development of novel therapy. In the past, migraine was considered purely as a vascular disease. However, histological studies on trigeminal nerves innervating the cranial structures in combination with the discovery of neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), and the trigeminal fibers innervating the dura mater were found to play a pivotal role in the development of headache. Cortical spreading depolarization/depression (CSD) is defined as a wave of abrupt and sustained near‐complete breakdown of transmembrane ion gradient and mass depolarization concentrically spreading at ∼2‐3 mm/min in the genetic mutations relevant to familial hemiplegic migraine illustrated the importance of ion homeostasis in determining the threshold of CSD occurrence and the metabolic burden on the brain tissue incurred from CSD. In typical migraine aura attacks, aura is experienced prior to the headache phase. Animal studies have provided scientific basis that explains this unique temporal relationship between aura and headache. Despite many limitations, there is no doubt that animal experiments are indispensable for advancing migraine research.
Are long working hours associated with weight‐related outcomes? A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhu Yi , Liu Jianxin , Jiang Heng , Brown Tracey J. , Tian Qingfeng , Yang Yudi , Wang Chao , Xu Hongbin , Liu Junan , Gan Yong , Lu Zuxun 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe relationship between long working hours and body weight outcomes remains inconclusive; thus, we conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of long working hours on weight‐related outcomes. PubMed and Embase databases were searched from their inception to June 2019. A random‐effects model was used to assess the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by the Begg's and Egger's tests. A total of 29 articles involving 374 863 participants were included. The pooled OR of long working hours on weight‐related outcomes was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07‐1.19). In subgroup analysis stratified by definition of outcomes, the pooled ORs of long working hours on “weight gain/BMI increase,” “BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2,” and “BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2” were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02‐1.40), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00‐1.14), and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.09‐1.39), respectively. We found evidence of publication bias, but correction for this bias using the trim‐and‐fill method did not alter the combined OR substantially. There was evidence to suggest that long working hours are associated with adverse weight‐related outcomes. Preventative interventions such as improved flexibility and healthy working schedules should be established for employees.