bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIXRD, Raman and Surface analysis of TiC thin film coating produced by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Abegunde O.O. , Akinlabi E.T. , Oladijo O.P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research, TiC thin films were successfully deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate using RF magnetron sputtering under different RF power, temperature and sputtering time. The resulting properties of TiC thin film were characterized using Grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and optical profilometer for structural and surface morphology of the thin film. The results show that the properties of the TiC thin film were affected by the RF magnetron sputtering parameters. Preferential orientation (200) plane was noticed for all the coating. The Raman analysis revealed the presence of both D- mode which is as a result of structural disorder and G-mode which indicates presence of surface impurities and defects at RF power of 150 W. The thin films become homogeneous and densely packed at RF power of 200 W. The surface roughness was also investigated. The least surface roughness was found at RF Power of 200 W, time of 2.5 Hrs and temperature of 100 °C.
Experimental investigation of flow and heat transfer in a channel with dimpled plate
Authors: Oluwaremilekun Oluyale Josephine , Omolayo Petinrin Moses , Ayoade Adegbola Adeyinka , Adedayo Ishola Felix 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study presents the experimental investigation on the effect of dimpled arrangements on flow and heat transfer characteristics. Three plate surfaces were prepared (smooth, evenly distributed spherical dimples and unevenly distributed spherical dimples) and were placed successively in a channel. The unevenly distributed dimpled plate had the same dimple density with the evenly distributed dimpled plate but had varying transverse pitches to concentrate the dimples at mid-plate in flow direction. Data obtained from the experiment were analysed to determine the performance of each dimpled plate channel. It was observed that the average Nusselt number due to the heat interaction with the air-flow increases with the Reynolds number. The evenly and unevenly dimple plate channels had respectively, 75.7% and 91.8% increase in Nusselt number over the smooth channel. The flow friction factors of the evenly and unevenly dimple plate channels were merely more than that of smooth plate channel by 0.59% and 0.67%, respectively. Thus, the unevenly dimple plate channel had the highest overall thermal-hydraulic performance, followed by the evenly dimple plate channel.
Evaluation of Heat Transfer on Bone Cemented Hip Replacement
Authors: Chukwuneke J. L , Ikekwem J. U , Okokpujie I. P , Ongbali S. O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Evaluation of observable response of heat of bone cement in hip replacement was studied. In an exothermic reaction, bone cementing in a polymerization reaction between the liquid and the powder monomer, provides the bonding mechanism between the prosthesis stem and the femur cavity. This is of concern to biomechanics engineers on the mechanism of heat transfer between the femur bone, the cement and the prosthesis stem. The ANSYS software together with Autodesk software was used to model the scenario, steady state thermal structural analysis was used to simulate it. From the observation, the PMMA polymer (used as bone cement) temperature from the exothermic reaction raised the temperature in the assembly thereby creating a flow of heat amounting to 5.11x10-7W/m2 in which only 2.83x10-7 W/m2reached to the femur bone as others has been absorbed by the femur bone and prosthesis stem.0.59kJ/kg.K and 1.297kJ/kg. Kare the values of specific heat capacities of femur bone and PMMA respectively while the values of young modulus for femur bone and PMMA are 18.79GPa and 28.78GPa respectively. This result shows how possible it is to determine these properties from the studies of simulation.
Modelling and Simulation of Globular Equiaxed Eutectic Solidification in a Direct Chill Casting of Aluminium Binary Alloy Systems
Authors: Nzebuka G.C. , Waheed M.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive modelling of globular equiaxed eutectic solidification in a direct chill casting of aluminium binary alloy systems has been presented. The modelling applies the finite volume method in a diffusion dominated 2D axisymetric domain. The model couples the macroscopic heat transfer equation with solidification kinetics model to predict total solidification time, actual solidification time, grain size, undercooling, and grain growth rate in the two binary aluminium alloy systems namely; Al-Cu system and Al-Si system. The linearization of the solidification kinetics source term coupled to the heat transfer equation ensures robust and converged computation of the numerical model. The results obtained show that under the same cooling conditions at the billet surface, Al-Cu alloy system solidifies faster than Al-Si alloy system. In addition higher undercooling, grain size and growth rate are evident in the former than the later.
Economic Impact of Corrosion in Oil Sectors and Prevention: An Overview
Authors: Fayomi O S I , Akande I G , Odigie S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is facing many corrosion problems. They have been faced with contaminants such as H2S and CO2 which deteriorate pipe lines and machine components. Over time, corrosion can occur on these machines’ inner surfaces. The pipelines must transport large amounts of crude oil which must be able to withstand large amount of pressure. The storage containers for the oil and gas are made of aluminium and steel which must be protected because of their susceptibility to corrosion which impacts directly or indirectly on the economy. Steel and aluminium are important metals used from manufacture to distribution of final products in almost every part of the oil and gas industry. This paper reviews the effect of corrosion on metal and some of the approaches towards corrosion control in engineering sectors.
Electrochemical And Metallurgical Behaviour Of Ductile Iron In Acidic, Basic And Saline Environments
Authors: Ayelabowo T. G. , Daniyan A. A. , Olawale J. O. , Isadare D. A. , Alo F. I. , Fayomi O. S. I , Umoru L. E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research work presents the comparative study of the effect of some selected environments on the corrosion characteristics and accompanying changes in microstructure on ductile iron. In this study, the atmospheric corrosion of ductile cast iron immersed in acidic (2M H2SO4), basic (2M NaOH) and saline (3.5% NaCl) environments, which represents the major atmospheric environments in which metals are mostly subjected to while in service. The corrosion characteristics of ductile iron have been determined by current potential curves. To determine the corrosion rates, the anodic and cathodic Tafel regions extrapolating to corrosion potentials were used. The individual corrosion rates of ductile iron were evaluated for a time period of 600 seconds, 1mv/s scan rate and Tafel plot range of -250mv to 250mv. Each sample were dimensioned, polished, pickled in dilute HCL and rinsed with distill water, degreased with acetone followed by drying and then mounted for the potential dynamic tests. The results obtained reveal that corrosion of DI in 2M H2SO4 is (0.25699 mmpy), 2M NaOH is (0.025955 mmpy), 3.5% NaCl is (0.10396 mmpy) and distill water is (2.6447e-05 mmpy). The results obtained showed that corrosion rate in decreasing order is 2M H2SO4, 3.5% NaCL, 2M NaOH and lastly as expected distil water. The corrosion product morphologies of the DI showed the nodular matrix was gradually covered up as the corrosion rate increased. This work is important reference point for the corrosion effectiveness of ductile iron in major atmospheric conditions.
Atmospheric corrosion from aerosol loading Over Yekepa
Authors: Emetere M.E , Emetere J.M , Sanni S.E , Okoro E.E , Onumejor C.A , Omotosho O.E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research, the impact of aerosol loading on the atmospheric corrosion over Yekepa is presented. Fifteen years primary (aerosol optical depth) dataset was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). Aerosol loading were generated fom the primary dataset. The univariate statistic over Yekepa shows the mean value of 0.52038392857143 0.44143303571429 0.39041071428571 in X, Y and Z directions prespectively. It was confirmed that the current trends of environmental events over Yekepa-Liberia could increase atmospheric corrosion.
Utilization of Palm Fruit Fibers as Constituent Materials for Hand Mould Clay Bricks
Authors: Adegoke D.D. , Afuwape R. , Olukanni D.O. , Bamigboye G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The production process of palm oil generates a huge amount of waste. As Nigeria is one of the largest producing countries, the fruit fiber wastes from palm oil processing have received a low level of waste management and have been a long-term environmental concern. This study is focused on recovery of the palm fruit fibers and its utilization as a constituent material for locally hand mold clay bricks. Varying percentages (1% to 3%) of palm fruit fiber was introduced into local hand mold clay. The bricks produced were tested for optimum moisture content and dry density. Some preliminary tests such as natural moisture content determination (wet and dry), Specific gravity test, Particle size distribution test (Sieve analysis), Atterberg limit test, Compaction test (Standard Proctor), Water absorption test, and Compressive strength test was carried out. The results show a decrease in optimum moisture content as the percentage of the palm fruit fibers increased from 1% to 3% in the soil sample while the maximum dry density increased. With the addition of 1% to 3% of the palm fruit fibers and the mix sun-dried, noticeable improvement in the compaction characteristics of the soil sample was observed. It can be deduced from the results that for a good construction clay soil, the lower the moisture content, the higher the dry density and the better the quality of bricks. Production of clay bricks with palm fruit fibers could serve as an economic substitute for the growing cost of sandcrete blocks.
Decontamination of Wastewater Effluent using Sugar Cane Bagasse and Soybean Hulls
Authors: Sanni S. E. , Odigure J. O. , Emetere M. E. , Okoro E. E. , Agboola O. , Sherif Y. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wastewater effluents from industrial processes often pose environmental as well as health risks to humans when these waters are consumed without proper trexatment. In this study, distilled water and citric acid were used as modifiers in order to establish the comparative abilities of modified soybean hull and sugarcane bagasse as means of reducing copper and zinc chlorides to their metals and subsequently adsorbing the metals in order to propose both materials as low cost adsorbents for heavy metals. Based on the results, the modified soybeans have good potential for adsorbing Cu metal while sugarcane bagasse showed preferential adsorption of Zn from waste water. Also, results from optimization gave a pH of 4 and 5 for the modified forms of the bagasse and soybean respectively. While a mass of 1g of each adsorbent gave the best removal rate for their preferred metals, the optimum volume for the highest metal adsorption was found to be for solvent of 35 ml/g adsorbent. Adsorption rate was found to increase with temperature and time for both adsorbents.
Effects of Waste Management in Beverage Industries: A Perspective
Authors: Samuel A.U. , Oyawale F. , Fayomi O.S.I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In attempt to eliminate wastage in the beverage industries a lot of reformations have been carried out in the past. Some of these reformations involve redesigning of operation process and repackaging of the content using scientifically improved materials. Packaging of beverages has been done using glass bottles, plastic, nylon and metal can. Although each of these packaging materials has one short coming or the other but not without few advantages. The beverage industry exhibits gigantic potential to minimise waste and shot the loops of recycling. Great commitment to waste reduction and recycling will provide extensive financial and countless environmental benefits. Concentrating on waste management can help to address raw material cost increment and sustainability of production. This paper seeks to investigate the sources of waste in beverage industries and several techniques that have been used to minimise them.
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Tamarindus Indica Leaves Extracts on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Nchewi G.A. , Okoro L.N. , Adams F.V. , Agboola B.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Tamarindus indica leaves extract was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) under varied conditions using weight loss technique. The inhibition efficiency, thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of inhibition by Tamarindus indica leaves extract on the mild steel were determined. The inhibitor’s concentrations used for the study were 0.0g/15ml (blank), 0.2g/15ml, 0.4g/15ml, and 0.6g/15ml, at the temperatures of 28°C (301K), 40°C (313K), 50°C (323K), and 60°C (333K). The results obtained showed that the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor was inversely proportional to the temperature, but directly proportional to the concentration of inhibitor in the acid. The maximum efficiency of 79.68%, was observed at 28°C (301K) and at a concentration of 0.6g/15ml. The heat of adsorption and free energy (ΔGads) calculations yielded negative values. This indicates that the reaction between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface was favorable since all the calculated values were negative. As the concentration of the inhibitor increased, the negativity of the ΔGads increased; suggesting physical adsorption. The data obtained fitted in the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms at lower temperatures. The results from the phytochemical analysis showed that saponins, were absent, but the extract has tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids.
Production and Operational Study of a Local Product in Nigeria. Case Study; Xx Yogurt Company in Ota
Authors: Akinlabi E.T. , Babaremu K. O. , Okokpujie I. P. , Akinlabi S. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Nutritional value of yogurt cannot be overemphasized owing to its general acceptance in the world at large. The product focus for this study is yogurt. It is a local product that is produced by a medium scale company in Ota, Ado-Odo local government area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Their production procedure conforms to the set standards for yogurt production as approved by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in the country such as milk standardization, homogenization, pasteurization, fermentation, cooling, homogenization or smoothing, filling and storage. This research work was carried out for 90 days to study the production process of the xx yogurt, marketing strategy and the likely challenging face by the company. The system runs a very lager line plant layout, and carried out regular preventive maintenance to keep the plant running year-round in a bid to avoid unnecessary additional cost of operation owing to system breakdown as an inevitable eventuality that results from ill-maintenance practices. Their major market is within the Ota metropolis which is actually a great limitation on product visibility and patronage by more end-users. This evaluation study shows that yogurt production process can be stable and more profitable if better marketing strategy and good infrastructures facility can be employed for the production process.
Processing and Marketing Risk Factor of Cocoa Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi E.T. , Adelakun O. J. , Okokpujie I. P. , Akinlabi S. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cocoa (theobroma cacao) is cultivated mainly for the cocoa beans which can undergo further treatment into various products which includes cocoa powder, liquor, butter and cake. The major challenges experienced by cocoa industries are inconsistency in production, low yield, pest and disease infestation, high cost of acquiring equipment, increase in production sustainability when considering modified varieties, cost of managing crop, organizing chain and cost of quality. This research aim at studying the process of cocoa beans production in other to provide suitable solution for sustainability of the production process. An evaluation method was applied to the analyzed the various processing steps involved in production stage and the plant layout before assessing the marketing risk factors. The result from the evaluation shows that price fluctuation has the highest ranked followed by processing risk factors, due to negligence of majority of cocoa farmers in maintenance and scheduling operation on their machines using kruskal-wallis test. This study identified risk factors, made comparison and proffer solutions to majority of uncertainties common with processing and marketing of cocoa in Nigeria, as well as the detailed steps and the plant layout in other to boost the standard and morale of every individuals considering cocoa processing across any part of the country. Structuring and developing cocoa beans market will help to reduce global prices fluctuation on the international markets and which will enhance the marketing framework.
The Strength characteristics of Chitosan- and Titanium- Poly (L-lactic) Acid Based Composites
Authors: Kehinde Aworinde Abraham , Oluropo Adeosun Samson , Adekunle Oyawale Festus , Titilayo Akinlabi Esther , Akinlabi Stephen A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The problem of bone fracture and the need to avoid revision surgery in osteosynthesis are the critical reasons for the gradual shift from the use of metallic fixations to the polymeric scaffold in the orthopaedic applications. However, the mechanical properties of polymers that have become a substitute for metals need to be improved upon. An attempt was made to improve the mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA), a biopolymer, by loading it with 1.04, 2.08, 4.17, 8.33 and 16.67 wt.% of chitosan (an organic filler) and Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si (an inorganic particle). Melt blend technique was the processing technique. Hardness, compressive modulus and fracture toughness of virgin PLLA improved significantly while the resulting composites were found to be less ductile than unreinforced PLLA. Titanium reinforced PLLA displayed superior mechanical properties over the neat and chitin reinforced PLLA. Compressive modulus values of the developed composites were much lower than the modulus of cortical bone, they were, however, mechanically compatible with the properties of cancellous bone. Optical microscopy images also show the formation of pores which are a catalyst for cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
Corrosion Prevention of Metals via Electroless Nickel Coating: A review
Authors: Fayomi O S I , Akande I G , Sode A A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electroless coating is a chemical process that involves an autocatalytic response of the constituents in an aqueous mixture. It also involves multiple simultaneous reactions, with nongalvanic excitation, that causes the formation of thin film layers i.e. the coating, on the substrate of the material. The reduction of metallic ions required to coat the surface of the metal occurs dues to the reducing agent in that same compound, which supplies an intrinsic potential difference to allow current flow. This follows by the need for the cations of the deposition metal to be reduced by electrons receiving them at the substrate, electrons which the reductant also donates to this surface thereby undergoing oxidation. The most generally used electroless plating technique is the electroless nickel plating method, which involves the deposition of un-crystallized nickel alloy on the substrate, with even thickness regardless of the shape and form of the material due to its independence on current. The paper reviews the tribo-corrosion resistances, mechanical properties and conductivity of electroless nickel coatings.
Advances in the development of a tomato postharvest storage system: towards eradicating postharvest losses
Authors: Ayomide O.B. , Ajayi O.O. , Ajayi A.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe production of tomatoes has experienced a huge rise over the years as a result of its economic, nutritional and cancer reduction importance. Despite the rapid advancement of technology in the past century, storage of tomato fruits remains a major problem experienced in the postharvest chain in most developing countries. This study gives a survey of the various causes of tomatoes postharvest losses, the different methods used in storage of the fruit over time and their limitations. It was found that the conventional methods used in tomatoes storage, improved its shelf life but was accompanied by some significant losses in quantity and quality. Hence, generating a need for a postharvest storage system taking into cognizance the optimum conditions required for the fruit storage. The development of a thermally controlled postharvest storage system with the sole purpose of increasing shelf life and minimize the rate of deterioration becomes inevitable.
Investigation into Alternative Energy Sources from Waste Citrus Peel (Orange): Approach to Environmental Protection
Authors: Ojewumi M. E. , Oyekunle D.T. , Amaefule C.V. , Omoleye J.A. , Ogunbiyi A.T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental study has been carried out on an alternative source of energy from citrus peel waste. A widely used material, pectin, has been extracted from orange peel (OP) and subsequently converted into ethanol with the use of a bacteria and fungi. Dried peels were split into several particle sizes of 0.075, 0.5, 1.0 and 5 mm. It was noted that OP with 0.75 mm particle size produced pectin of low volume while larger 1.0 mm OP particle size produced a high pectin volume. OP of 802 g was used to produce 1, 770 ml of pectin, this illustrate that citrus fruit (specifically orange) contains pectin in a large quantity. A mixture of E.coli (bacteria) with yeast (fungus), and their individual components were used on pectin obtained. However, it was observed that a mixture of pectin, E.coli & S. cerevisiae, and a combination of sample pectin with E.coli produced an encouraging volume of ethanol as against no ethanol produced when a mixture of sample pectin, yeast and pectin sample only. The amount of energy contained in the gross ethanol produced was 1526.6 btu, this can be combined with purified gasoline so as to attain the optimum energy content that can be used to run an indigenous processing plant for citrus fruit in Nigeria.