bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ammonium and nitrate supplies on nitrogen and sucrose metabolism of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera cv.)
Authors: Yin Haining , Li Bing , Wang Xuefei , Xi Zhumei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of wine is highly dependent on the quality of berries. Development of berries is influenced by the type and ratio of different nitrogen supplies in the soil. To understand the impact of varying sources and levels of nitrate and ammonium on sucrose and nitrogen metabolism of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, we tested nutrient solutions with four NO3−‐N:NH4+‐N ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 0:100) through the root system.RESULTSThe form and quantity of nitrogen affected berries and leaves with source–sink relationships. Soluble sugar levels were significantly higher in plants treated with mixed nitrogen sources (75:25 and 50:50) compared to single nitrogen sources (100:0 and 0:100). In particular, treating plants with mixed nitrogen source at a 75:25 ratio resulted in 22% higher fructose levels in berries compared to the 50:50 treatment. In addition, mixed nitrogen treatments resulted in significantly higher amino acid levels and protein content. Mixed nitrogen substrates also increased the expression of enzymes involved in both nitrogen and sucrose metabolism.CONCLUSIONPlants did not maximize the nitrogen supply when single form nitrogen was provided, and the mixed nitrogen substrates consistently increased the amount of available carbon and nitrogen in the berries and leaves. We found that NO3−­N:NH4+‐N ratio of 75:25 was the optimum formula for improving nitrogen and sucrose metabolism, and reducing the competition between nitrogen and sucrose. By examining the nutrient utilization of plants cultivated with different nitrogen forms, the present study provides insights into improving cultivation and production practices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Protocol for parallel proteomic and metabolomic analysis of mouse intervertebral disc tissues
Authors: Veras Matthew A. , Lim Yong J. , Kuljanin Miljan , Lajoie Gilles A. , Urquhart Bradley L. , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe comprehensiveness of data collected by “omics” modalities has demonstrated the ability to drastically transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chronic, complex diseases such as musculoskeletal pathologies, how biomarkers are identified, and how therapeutic targets are developed. Standardization of protocols will enable comparisons between findings reported by multiple research groups and move the application of these technologies forward. Herein, we describe a protocol for parallel proteomic and metabolomic analysis of mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues, building from the combined expertise of our collaborative team. This protocol covers dissection of murine IVD tissues, sample isolation, and data analysis for both proteomics and metabolomics applications. The protocol presented below was optimized to maximize the utility of a mouse model for “omics” applications, accounting for the challenges associated with the small starting quantity of sample due to small tissue size as well as the extracellular matrix‐rich nature of the tissue.
Preparative isolation of arylbutanoid‐type phenol [(‐)‐rhododendrin] with peak tailing on conventional C18 column using middle chromatogram isolated gel column coupled with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Dang Jun , Du Yurong , Wang Qi , Dawa YangZom , Chen Chengbiao , Wang Qilan , Ma Jianbin , Tao Yanduo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with middle chromatogram isolated gel column was employed for the efficient preparative separation of the arylbutanoid‐type phenol [(‐)‐rhododendrin] from Saxifraga tangutica. Universal C18 (XTerra C18) and XCharge C18 columns were compared for (‐)‐rhododendrin fraction analysis and preparation. Although tailing and overloading occurred on the XTerra C18 column, the positively charged reversed‐phase C18 column (XCharge C18) overcame these drawbacks, allowing for favorable separation resolution, even when loading at a on a preparative scale (3.69 mg per injection). The general separation process was as follows. First, 365.0 mg of crude (‐)‐rhododendrin was enriched from 165 g Saxifraga tangutica extract via a middle chromatogram isolated gel column. Second, separation was performed on an XTerra C18 preparative column, from which 73.8 mg of the target fraction was easily obtained. Finally, the 24.0 mg tailing peak of (‐)‐rhododendrin on XTerra C18 column was selectively purified on the XCharge C18 analytical column. These results demonstrate that the tailing nonalkaloid peaks can be effectively used for preparative isolation on XCharge C18 columns.
Beyond Clinical Outcomes: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Favor Attentional and Memory Control Abilities for Trauma‐Related Words
Authors: Tudorache Andrei‐Cristian , Goutaudier Nelly , El‐Hage Wissam , Clarys David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMemory alterations and biases are core features of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Although a large number of studies have investigated memory biases associated with PTSS, some inconsistencies remain regarding the nature of the mechanisms behind the threat‐related biases observed in prior findings. The present study explored the extent to which inhibitory deficits, both for automatic and controlled processes, can account for these biases. Participants (N = 64) took part in a remember/know recognition procedure for positive, neutral, negative, and trauma‐related words associated with negative priming and directed forgetting encoding. Half of the participants had high levels of PTSS (i.e., PCL‐5 score > 40) and half had low levels (i.e., total PCL‐5 score < 20). As both negative priming and directed forgetting effects are posited to depend on inhibitory abilities, we expected these effects to be absent for trauma‐related words in participants with more severe PTSS. Replicating classic memory biases, participants with high levels of PTSS produced more “remember” recognition responses for trauma‐related words, ηp2 = .10. However, contrary to our expectations, directed forgetting, ηp2 = .26; and negative priming effects were observed for trauma‐related words but not for words of other valences, ηp2 = .07 and .06, respectively. Hence, rather than the expected inhibitory deficits, our results suggest that PTSS preserve the ability to inhibit trauma‐related information in both attentional and memory processes. As it appears to occur at the expense of other information, this preserved cognitive functioning for trauma‐related stimuli is discussed with regard to resource reallocation theories.
Change in Event Centrality and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Intensive Treatment
Authors: Grau Peter P. , Larsen Sadie E. , Lancaster Steven L. , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Wetterneck Chad T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvent centrality, defined as the extent to which a traumatic event becomes a core component of a person's identity (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006), is both a correlate and predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, over and above event severity. These findings suggest that decreasing the perceived centrality of a traumatic event to one's identity might result in decreases in PTSD symptom severity. To date, few studies have examined how centrality is affected by PTSD treatment. The present study tested the hypotheses that change in centrality would be associated with both change in PTSD symptom severity and discharge PTSD symptom severity in an exposure‐based PTSD partial hospitalization program (N = 132; 86.0% White; 85.2% female; M age = 36 years). At discharge (i.e., after approximately 6 weeks of treatment), both PTSD symptoms and centrality had significantly decreased, ds = .70 and .98, respectively, with large effect sizes. Decreases in Centrality of Events Scale (CES) scores at posttreatment, baseline CES scores, and baseline PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) scores were associated with change (i.e., decrease) in PCL‐5 scores, p < .001, as well as with posttreatment PCL‐5 scores, p < .001. Decreases in CES scores over time, baseline CES scores, and baseline PCL‐5 scores explained 31% of the variance in PCL‐5 change and 34% of the variance in posttreatment PCL‐5 scores. The results indicate the potential importance of decreasing the centrality of a traumatic event in PTSD treatment and recovery.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Host Cells in Tracheal Graft Implantation
Authors: Danielson Alex , Liu Lumei , Shontz Kimberly M. , Syed Hassan , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Reynolds Susan D. , Breuer Christopher K. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe ideal trachea replacement would be a living graft that is genetically identical to the host, avoiding the need for immunosuppression. We have developed a mouse model of syngeneic tracheal transplant that results in long‐term survival without graft stenosis or delayed healing. To understand how host cells contribute to tracheal transplant integration, we quantified the populations of host cells in the graft and native trachea following implant.Study Design: Tracheal transplant, tracheal replacement, regenerative medicine, animal model.MethodsTracheal grafts were obtained from female C57BL/6 mice and orthotopically transplanted into syngeneic male recipients. Cohorts were euthanized on day 14, day 45, and day 90 post‐transplantation. Host and graft tracheas were explanted and analyzed by histology. Male host cells were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization, and macrophages were quantified with immunofluorescence.ResultsEvidence of host‐derived cells was found in the midgraft at the earliest time point (14 days). Host‐derived cells transiently increased in the graft on day 45 and were predominantly found in the submucosa. By day 90, the population of host‐derived cells population declined to a similar level on day 14. Macrophage infiltration of host and graft tissue was observed at all time points and was greatest on day 90.ConclusionsTracheal graft integration occurs by way of subacute transient host‐cell infiltration and is primarily inflammatory in nature. Host‐cell contribution to the graft epithelium is limited. These data indicate that creation of living, nonimmunogenic tracheal graft could serve as a viable solution for long‐segment tracheal defects.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E340–E345, 2021
A Review of Efforts to Improve Lipid Stability during Sample Preparation and Standardization Efforts to Ensure Accuracy in the Reporting of Lipid Measurements
Authors: Ulmer Candice Z. , Koelmel Jeremy P. , Jones Christina M. , Garrett Timothy J. , Aristizabal‐Henao Juan J. , Vesper Hubert W. , Bowden John A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipidomics is a rapidly growing field, fueled by developments in analytical instrumentation and bioinformatics. To date, most researchers and industries have employed their own lipidomics workflows without a consensus on best practices. Without a community‐wide consensus on best practices for the prevention of lipid degradation and transformations through sample collection and analysis, it is difficult to assess the quality of lipidomics data and hence trust results. Clinical studies often rely on samples being stored for weeks or months until they are analyzed, but inappropriate sampling techniques, storage temperatures, and analytical protocols can result in the degradation of complex lipids and the generation of oxidized or hydrolyzed metabolite artifacts. While best practices for lipid stability are sample dependent, it is generally recommended that strategies during sample preparation capable of quenching enzymatic activity and preventing oxidation should be considered. In addition, after sample preparation, lipid extracts should be stored in organic solvents with antioxidants at −20 °C or lower in an airtight container without exposure to light or oxygen. This will reduce or eliminate sublimation, and chemically and physically induced molecular transformations such as oxidation, enzymatic transformation, and photon/heat‐induced degradation. This review explores the available literature on lipid stability, with a particular focus on human health and/or clinical lipidomic applications. Specifically, this includes a description of known mechanisms of lipid degradation, strategies, and considerations for lipid storage, as well as current efforts for standardization and quality insurance of protocols.
Ultra‐Compact and Ultra‐Broadband Guided‐Mode Exchangers on Silicon
Authors: Guo Jingshu , Ye Chaochao , Liu Chaoyue , Zhang Ming , Li Chenlei , Li Jiang , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn‐chip mode exchangers play very important roles for multimode photonics, which has drawn much attention for many applications. However, it is still very challenging to achieve compact mode exchangers with high performances in an ultra‐broad bandwidth. Here a universal approach of on‐chip mode manipulations is proposed by manipulating the multimode excitations/interferences, and ultra‐compact mode exchangers are realized with low excess losses (ELs) and high extinction ratios (ERs) using special metamaterial structures. The presented TEi–j mode exchangers enable the exchange between the TEi and TEj modes in an ultra‐broad bandwidth. The designed TE0–1 and TE0–2 mode exchangers have footprints of 1.3 × 2.7 µm2 and 1.9 × 2.9 µm2, respectively. Theoretically, they have ELs ≈ 0.2 dB and ERs = 19–32 dB at 1550 nm, while their bandwidths for achieving ER > 10 dB reach 340–400 nm. The fabricated devices have measured ELs of 0.2–0.3 dB and ERs above 12.0–13.2 dB in the setup‐limited wavelength range of 1520–1607 nm. The proposed approach is flexibly extendable to enable on‐chip mode exchanges, which are promising for multimode silicon photonics in many applications.
Morphological Characteristics of Amylose‐Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Inclusion Complexes Depending on Temperature and Concentration
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Loos Katja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, inclusion complexes of amylose using poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) as a guest molecule are studied. The effect of PTHF inclusion into the hydrophobic cavity of amylose is studied with different concentrations of PTHF. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry are used to confirm the formation of inclusion complexes and the structural properties of inclusion complexes are analyzed with synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X‐ray scattering. SAXS patterns show that the complex does not display any self‐assembled lamellar structures due to the lower mobility of PTHF chains as compared to fatty acids. Different crystalline structures of inclusion complexes and arrangements of the PTHF molecules inside the amylose cavity are obtained at different temperatures. The results can play an effective role to understand the structural information of host–guest complexes with different physical and chemical properties of the guest compounds.
Filling of Nanometric Pores with Polymer by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Van‐Straaten Manon , Ben Hadj Mabrouk Amal , Veillerot Marc , Licitra Christophe , D’Agosto Franck , Jousseaume Vincent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe integration of porous thin films using microelectronic compatible processes sometimes requires the protection of the interior of the pores during the critical integration steps. In this paper, the polymerization of neo‐pentyl methacrylate (npMA) is performed via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) on a porous organosilicate (SiOCH) and on a dense SiOCH. The characterizations by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of the different stacks show that iCVD is a powerful technique to polymerize npMA in the nanometric pores and thus totally fill them with a polymer. The study of the pore filling for very short iCVD durations shows that the polymerization in the pores is complete in less than ten seconds and is uniform in depth. Then, the poly(npMA) film growth continues on top of the filled SiOCH layer. These characteristics make iCVD a straightforward and very promising alternative to other infiltration techniques in order to fill the porosity of microporous thin films.
Monodisperse Micelles with Aggregation Numbers Related to Platonic Solids
Authors: Lee Ji Ha , Fujii Shota , Takahashi Rintaro , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies show that calix[4]arene‐based micelles are monodisperse with defined Nagg values chosen from 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and 32. Interestingly, all these numbers coincide with the face numbers of Platonic solids, so they are called “Platonic micelles.” As long as a certain geometric condition is fulfilled, any amphiphilic molecule can form a Platonic micelle. The preferred Nagg values are explained in relation to the mathematical Tammes problem, namely, how to obtain the best coverage of a sphere's surface with multiple identical circles. The coverage ratio can be calculated and produces maxima at 4, 6, 12, 20, and 32, coinciding with the observed Nagg values. In this feature article, Platonic micelles as well as their morphological transition by controlling pH, salt, temperature, and electrostatic interactions are summarized.
High spatial resolution whole‐neck MR angiography using thin‐slab stack‐of‐stars quiescent interval slice‐selective acquisition
Authors: Koktzoglou Ioannis , Huang Rong , Ong Archie L. , Aouad Pascale J. , Walker Matthew T. , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo report a 3D multi‐echo thin‐slab stack‐of‐stars (tsSOS) quiescent‐interval slice‐selective (QISS) strategy for high‐resolution magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the entire neck in under seven minutes.MethodsThe neck arteries of eight subjects were imaged at 3 Tesla. Multi‐echo 3D tsSOS QISS using a FLASH readout was compared with 3D tsSOS FLASH, 2D QISS, 2D TOF, and 3D TOF. A root‐mean‐square (RMS) combination of echo time images was tested. Evaluation metrics included arterial signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), arterial‐to‐muscle contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and image quality.Results3D multi‐echo tsSOS QISS using a RMS combination of echo time images increased SNR and CNR by 60% and 63% with respect to the reconstruction obtained with the shortest echo time. 3D tsSOS QISS showed superior CNR with respect to 3D tsSOS FLASH imaging, and more than 3‐fold higher SNR and CNR with respect to 2D radial QISS when normalized for voxel size. 3D tsSOS QISS provided good to excellent image quality that exceeded the image quality of 2D QISS, 2D TOF, and 3D TOF (P < .05).ConclusionWhole‐neck high‐resolution nonenhanced MRA is feasible using 3D tsSOS QISS, and produced image quality that exceeded those of competing nonenhanced MRA protocols at 3 Tesla.
Discrete embedded boundary method with smooth dependence on the evolution of a fluid‐structure interface
Authors: Ho Jonathan , Farhat Charbel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmbedded boundary methods (EBMs) are robust solution methods for highly nonlinear fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems. They suffer, however, some disadvantages because they perform their computations on embedding, nonbody‐fitted fluid meshes. In particular, they tend to generate discrete events that introduce discontinuities in the semi‐discretization process and lead to numerical solutions that are insufficiently smooth for differentiation with respect to the evolution of a discrete, fluid/structure interface . This hinders their application to the gradient‐based solution of fluid‐structure optimization problems. Discrete events also promote spurious oscillations in the post‐processing of time‐dependent results computed at .z This paper addresses these issues in the context of Finite Volume method with Exact two‐material Riemann problems (FIVER), a comprehensive framework for developing EBMs for highly nonlinear, compressible, FSI problems. It revisits the concept of the status of a node of an embedding fluid mesh and introduces that of a smoothness indicator nodal function, to eliminate discrete events and achieve smoothness in the semi‐discretization process. It also introduces a moving least squares approach in the loads evaluation algorithm, to suppress spurious oscillations from integral quantities computed on . Equipped with these enhancements, FIVER is shown to deliver, for three different FSI applications, smooth results that are differentiable with respect to evolutions of .
Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment
Authors: Schochet Peter Z. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJob Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.
Molecular evidence of herbal formula: a network‐based analysis of Si‐Wu decoction
Authors: Zuo Hua‐Li , Zhang Qian‐Ru , Chen Cen , Yang Feng‐Qing , Yu Hua , Hu Yuan‐Jia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmerging network pharmacology (NP) combines phytochemical information with bioinformatics tools allowing herbal formulae to be illustrated holistically in the context of phytochemical basis and therapeutic mechanisms.ObjectiveThis study attempted to explore the holistic molecular evidence of herbal formula Si‐Wu decoction (SWD) by using the method of NP.Material and methodDatabases of traditional medicines combined with PubChem, SciFinder, SEA, STRING, and KEGG were employed to gather information for establishing the “compound similarity” (CS) network and the “target–(pathway)–target” (TPT) network. Gephi software was applied to visualise the networks, with further module‐based and node‐based network topological analysis. Moreover, the approved drugs and shortest path analysis were used to validate the TPT network.ResultsThe CS network presented the phytochemical profile of SWD, including the major compound groups of iridoid glycosides, glycosides, phthalide lactones, phenylpropanoids, and monoterpenoids. Furthermore, the topological analysis of TPT network depicted the holistic property of SWD in interpretable neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) perspective, and the node degree analysis indicated a closer connection of SWD with endocrine or metabolism system. Moreover, by combing the analysis of the CS network and TPT network, potential active ingredients could be primarily identified.ConclusionThe phytochemical profile and molecular target profile, which might pave the way for an understanding of SWD in modern science and provide a reference for relevant quality research and evaluation, were demonstrated by network analysis. Moreover, the methods could be further applied to discover the phytochemical or biomolecular evidence with distinct advantages in dealing with the tremendous separated information.