bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic mechanisms of unisexuality in rock lizards
Authors: Spangenberg Victor , Arakelyan Marine , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Liehr Thomas , Al-Rikabi Ahmed , Martynova Elena , Danielyan Felix , Stepanyan Ilona , Galoyan Eduard , Kolomiets Oxana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDarevskia rock lizards is a unique complex taxa, including more than thirty species, seven of which are parthenogenetic. In mixed populations of Darevskia lizards, tri- and tetraploid forms can be found. The most important issues in the theory of reticulate evolution of Darevskia lizards are the origin of parthenogenetic species and their taxonomic position. However, there is little data on how meiosis proceeds in these species. The present work reports the complex results of cytogenetics in a diploid parthenogenetic species – D. unisexualis. Here we detail the meiotic prophase I progression and the specific features оf mitotic chromosomes organization. The stages of meiosis prophase I were investigated by immunocytochemical analysis of preparations obtained from isolated primary oocytes of D. unisexualis in comparison with maternal species D. raddei nairensis. It has been shown that in D. unisexualis at the leptotene-zygotene stages the axial elements and the synaptonemal complex (SC) form typical “bouquets”. At the pachytene-diplotene stage, 18 autosomal SC-bivalents and thickened asynapted sex Z and w univalents were observed. The presence of SYCP1 protein between the lateral elements of autosomal chromosomes proved the formation of assembled SCs. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of D. unisexualis was carried out using the genomic DNA isolated from the parental species D. raddei nairensis and D. valentini. In the pericentromeric regions of half of the mitotic chromosomes of D. unisexualis, specific regions inherited from maternal species have been found. Following our results, we suggest a model for diploid germ cells formation from diploid oocytes without premeiotic duplication of chromosomes in the oogenesis of diploid parthenogenetic lizards D. unisexualis. Taken as a whole, our findings confirm the hybrid nature of D. unisexualis and shed light on heterozygosity and automixis in diploid parthenogenetic forms.
Helicobacter pylori was not detected in oral squamous cell carcinomas from cohorts of Norwegian and Nepalese patients
Authors: Pandey Sushma , Follin-Arbelet Benoit , Pun Chin Bahadur , Gautam Dej K. , Johannessen Anne Christine , Petersen Fernanda Cristina , Costea Daniela Elena , Sapkota Dipak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is an established causative agent for gastric cancer. Although the oral cavity is a part of the gastrointestinal system, the presence and possible causative role of HP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subject of controversy. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate HP infection in two cohorts of OSCC patients with different demographic characteristics, lifestyles and habitual risk factors. A total of 242 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OSCC specimens from two different patient cohorts (Norway, n = 171 and Nepal, n = 71) were used to examine HP using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Two different HP specific genes (23S rRNA and ureA) were used for TaqMan-based qPCR, and for subsequent verification using HP specific RIDAGENE HP kit and SYBR Green based qPCR. All of the OSCC specimens from both cohorts were found to be negative for HP infection with IHC and qPCR, although the positive control specimens tested positive. Our findings suggest that HP is absent in the examined OSCC cohorts, irrespective of race, lifestyle and habitual risk factors. This indicates that, in contrast to gastric cancer, HP is an unlikely contributing factor for OSCC pathogenesis.
Second line anti-retroviral therapy failure in a pediatric cohort of an Ethiopian tertiary hospital: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Alemayehu Tinsae , Abebe Workeabeba 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa carries the largest burden of pediatric HIV infection. The success of second line anti-retroviral treatment and related factors among African children is not well-defined. Objectives: We aimed to identify the rate and determinants of second line anti-retroviral treatment failure among children and adolescents on follow-up at an Ethiopian tertiary teaching hospital. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa. Structured forms were used to collect socio-demographic, clinical and diagnostic data. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to describe the magnitude of the problem and its associations. A total of 76 children and adolescents taking second line anti-retroviral treatment were analyzed (mean age: 16.1 years). Failure of therapy was seen in 14/76 while four were eligible for a switch to third line anti-retrovirals. Mean duration on second line treatment till virologic failure was diagnosed was 17.6 months while mean viral load upon requiring a third line regimen was 82,131.3 copies/ml. Second line antiretroviral treatment virologic failure was significantly associated with the age of the child or adolescent. A high rate of virologic failure exists among the study population. Findings underline need for provision of third line anti-retroviral drugs in Ethiopia. Challenges for delivering a standard care were irregular viral load testing and delayed initiation of second line treatment after failure of first line regimens.
A machine learning approach predicts future risk to suicidal ideation from social media data
Authors: Roy Arunima , Nikolitch Katerina , McGinn Rachel , Jinah Safiya , Klement William , Kaminsky Zachary A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMachine learning analysis of social media data represents a promising way to capture longitudinal environmental influences contributing to individual risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Our objective was to generate an algorithm termed “Suicide Artificial Intelligence Prediction Heuristic (SAIPH)” capable of predicting future risk to suicidal thought by analyzing publicly available Twitter data. We trained a series of neural networks on Twitter data queried against suicide associated psychological constructs including burden, stress, loneliness, hopelessness, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Using 512,526 tweets from N = 283 suicidal ideation (SI) cases and 3,518,494 tweets from 2655 controls, we then trained a random forest model using neural network outputs to predict binary SI status. The model predicted N = 830 SI events derived from an independent set of 277 suicidal ideators relative to N = 3159 control events in all non-SI individuals with an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.86–0.90). Using an alternative approach, our model generates temporal prediction of risk such that peak occurrences above an individual specific threshold denote a ~7 fold increased risk for SI within the following 10 days (OR = 6.7 ± 1.1, P = 9 × 10−71). We validated our model using regionally obtained Twitter data and observed significant associations of algorithm SI scores with county-wide suicide death rates across 16 days in August and in October, 2019, most significantly in younger individuals. Algorithmic approaches like SAIPH have the potential to identify individual future SI risk and could be easily adapted as clinical decision tools aiding suicide screening and risk monitoring using available technologies.
Long non-coding RNA LASSIE regulates shear stress sensing and endothelial barrier function
Authors: Stanicek Laura , Lozano-Vidal Noelia , Bink Diewertje Ilse , Hooglugt Aukie , Yao Wenjie , Wittig Ilka , van Rijssel Jos , van Buul Jaap Diederik , van Bergen Anke , Klems Alina , Ramms Anne Sophie , Le Noble Ferdinand , Hofmann Patrick , Szulcek Robert , Wang ShengPeng , Offermanns Stefan , Ercanoglu Meryem Seda , Kwon Hyouk-Bum , Stainier Didier , Huveneers Stephan , Kurian Leo , Dimmeler Stefanie , Boon Reinier Abraham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlood vessels are constantly exposed to shear stress, a biomechanical force generated by blood flow. Normal shear stress sensing and barrier function are crucial for vascular homeostasis and are controlled by adherens junctions (AJs). Here we show that AJs are stabilized by the shear stress-induced long non-coding RNA LASSIE (linc00520). Silencing of LASSIE in endothelial cells impairs cell survival, cell-cell contacts and cell alignment in the direction of flow. LASSIE associates with junction proteins (e.g. PECAM-1) and the intermediate filament protein nestin, as identified by RNA affinity purification. The AJs component VE-cadherin showed decreased stabilization, due to reduced interaction with nestin and the microtubule cytoskeleton in the absence of LASSIE. This study identifies LASSIE as link between nestin and VE-cadherin, and describes nestin as crucial component in the endothelial response to shear stress. Furthermore, this study indicates that LASSIE regulates barrier function by connecting AJs to the cytoskeleton.
An elliptic expansion of the potential field source surface model
Authors: Kruse M. , Heidrich-Meisner V. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Hauptmann M. 
Published: May 2020

Context. The potential field source surface model is frequently used as a basis for further scientific investigations where a comprehensive coronal magnetic field is of importance. Its parameters, especially the position and shape of the source surface, are crucial for the interpretation of the state of the interplanetary medium. Improvements have been suggested that introduce one or more additional free parameters to the model, for example, the current sheet source surface model.
Aims. Relaxing the spherical constraint of the source surface and allowing it to be elliptical gives modelers the option of deforming it to more accurately match the physical environment of the specific period or location to be analyzed.
Methods. A numerical solver is presented that solves Laplace’s equation on a three-dimensional grid using finite differences. The solver is capable of working on structured spherical grids that can be deformed to create elliptical source surfaces.
Results. The configurations of the coronal magnetic field are presented using this new solver. Three-dimensional renderings are complemented by Carrington-like synoptic maps of the magnetic configuration at different heights in the solar corona. Differences in the magnetic configuration computed by the spherical and elliptical models are illustrated.
Platelets in Thrombo-Inflammation: Concepts, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Burkard Philipp , Vögtle Timo , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlatelets are anucleate cells known for their essential function in hemostasis and formation of thrombi under pathologic conditions. In recent years, strong evidence emerged demonstrating the critical involvement of platelets in inflammatory processes including acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Recanalization of the occluded brain artery to reconstitute cerebral blood flow is the primary goal in the treatment of stroke patients. However, despite successful reperfusion many patients show progression of infarct sizes, a phenomenon referred to as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). Cerebral I/RI involves both thrombotic as well as inflammatory pathways acting in concert to cause tissue damage, defining AIS as a prototypic thrombo-inflammatory disease. Currently used antiplatelet drugs applied to AIS patients eventually increase the risk of partially life-threatening hemorrhages, making more targeted pharmacological intervention necessary. Experimental evidence indicates that inhibition of platelet surface receptors that regulate initial platelet adhesion and activation might be suitable targets in thrombo-inflammatory settings, while inhibitors of platelet aggregation are not. In this review, we will summarize the recent developments in elucidating the role of the main platelet receptors in AIS and discuss their potential as pharmaceutical targets. Furthermore, we will also briefly discuss the important platelet-triggered intrinsic coagulation pathway with the pro-inflammatory kallikrein–kinin system in the context of ischemic stroke.
Rectus sternalis muscle - a rare anatomical variant
Authors: Shankar Veena Vidya , Rajan Rahe , Nanjundaiah Komala , Chowdapurkar Sheshgiri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Rectus Sternalis muscle is an unusual muscle that is observed on the anterior chest wall. The origin of this muscle is a highly debated variation of the pectoral musculature. We report a case of an abnormal vertically placed muscle - The rectus sternalis muscle, on the right medial side of the anterior chest wall of a male cadaver aged about 80 years. The abnormal presence of this muscle can be misdiagnosed as a breast mass on a routine mammogram. The advantage is its role in reconstruction flap surgeries. Hence knowledge of such an anatomical variant should be kept in mind during diagnostic investigations and surgical procedures.
Study of congenital talipes equinovarus cases and its radiological correlation
Authors: Baruah Prabahita , Choudhury Pradipta Ray , Talukdar K. L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or club foot is one of the most common congenital orthopaedic anomalies and is increasing day by day with the growing millions of this country. However, it still continues to challenge the skills of the surgeons as it has a notorious tendency to relapse. Part of the reason behind its relapse is the failure to recognize the underlying pathoanatomy. Again the controversy regarding the radiographic parameter which best represents the deformity of club foot still continues. However, the talocalcaneal angle in both AP (anterior-posterior) and lateral view is considered as the best parameter to diagnose a case of CTEV radio graphically. The aim of the study is to study the cases of CTEV and their radiological correlation. Materials and methods : Sixty cases of CTEV attending the orthopaedic OPD, Gauhati Medical College were taken for study. Clinical history, photographs and radiographs (X-rays) of these cases were taken. Results and observations : out of 60, 63.3% cases were male, 43.3% cases were bilateral, 36.04% cases showed the talocalcaneal angle (AP view) ranging 260 - 300. Conclusion : The talocalcaneal angles, in both, AP (anterior-posterior) and a lateral view, in a normal foot is more than 35 degrees, but in CTEV these are reduced. Functional anatomy of CTEV is a prerequisite for achieving an aligned and supple foot with a good prognostic value.
Percutaneous Embolization of Biliary Leaks: A Systematic Interdisciplinary Review and Proposal for a New Classification
Authors: Schmitz Daniel , Mutignani Massimiliano , Neumann Ulf Peter , Wielpütz Mark Oliver , Hagenmüller Friedrich , Rudi Jochen , Chang De-Hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives Biliary leak can be treated by percutaneous biliary embolization. The aim of this systematic interdisciplinary review was to analyze available reports on percutaneous embolization of biliary leak.
Methods We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to perform literature database search. The following terms were systematically analyzed: type of embolic agent, success rates, embolization-related adverse events, cause of biliary leak, fistula connection type, anatomic bile duct variants, and access routes.
Results Of 713 publications identified, 45 reports with 101 patients were included. Six temporary and 4 permanent embolic agents were used in 55/101 (54.5%) and 46/101 (45.5%) patients; combined in 18/101 patients (17.8%). Bile leak was successfully embolized in 97/101 (96.0%) patients, in 48/101 (47.5%) patients after repeated procedures with the same agent, and in 4/101 (3.9%) patients after a failed embolization with other agents: isolated bile duct fistula (n = 2), intrahepatic fistula after liver resection, and biliary-bronchial fistula. Five types of biliary leak were associated with the following success rates: (A) common bile duct (CBD) or cystic duct: 4/4 (100%); (B) intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD), communicating with CBD: 16/18 (88.9%); (C) isolated IHBD: 49/51 (96%); (D) CBD or cystic duct, bile duct system (BDS) not accessible by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): 7/7 (100%); and (E) IHBD, communicating with CBD, BDS not accessible by ERCP: 9/9 (100%).
Conclusions Embolization was highly successful without clear preference for one embolic agent. A new classification of biliary leak is proposed to direct nonsurgical treatments.
Migratory behavior and winter geography drive differential range shifts of eastern birds in response to recent climate change
Authors: Rushing Clark S. , Royle J. Andrew , Ziolkowski David J. , Pardieck Keith L. 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceOver the past half century, populations of neotropical migratory birds in North America have plummeted while populations of resident species have largely remained stable. We show that resident and migratory birds in eastern North America have responded differently to climate change over this period, with the ranges of resident species expanding along their northern margin while the ranges of migratory species have contracted at their southern margin. These results suggest that the ability to colonize newly suitable areas may make resident species resilient to future climate change but that climate-induced range contractions may make neotropical migrants vulnerable to these changes.
Molecular electronic decoherence following attosecond photoionisation
Authors: Arnold Caroline , Larivière-Loiselle Céline , Khalili Khadijeh , Inhester Ludger , Welsch Ralph , Santra Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Attosecond pulses can be used to generate coherent superpositions of cationic electronic states in molecules through photoionisation. These can drive coherent electronic dynamics, which may decay within a few femtoseconds due to nuclear motion. In this work, we study the impact of the photoelectron on decoherence in the valence electron system of molecules following attosecond photoionisation. To this end, we include the photoelectron as a classical point charge in a quantum–classical simulation of light-induced ultrafast molecular dynamics and consider ionisation by sub-femtosecond pulses with distinct qualities. By disentangling the contributions of photoelectron and nuclei to the overall electronic decoherence, we find that the photoelectron causes partial decoherence within the first 50 attoseconds. This timescale is noticed to be independent of the ionising pulse. Full electronic decoherence is only seen when the spatial extension of the nuclear wave packet is considered.
Variational-state quantum metrology
Authors: Koczor Bálint , Endo Suguru , Jones Tyson , Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Benjamin Simon C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Quantum technologies exploit entanglement to enhance various tasks beyond their classical limits including computation, communication and measurements. Quantum metrology aims to increase the precision of a measured quantity that is estimated in the presence of statistical errors using entangled quantum states. We present a novel approach for finding (near) optimal states for metrology in the presence of noise, using variational techniques as a tool for efficiently searching the high-dimensional space of quantum states, which would be classically intractable. We comprehensively explore systems consisting of up to 9 qubits and find new highly entangled states that are not symmetric under permutations and non-trivially outperform previously known states up to a constant factor 2. We consider a range of environmental noise models; while passive quantum states cannot achieve a fundamentally superior scaling (as established by prior asymptotic results) we do observe a significant absolute quantum advantage. We finally outline a possible experimental setup for variational quantum metrology which can be implemented in near-term hardware.
The effect of astigmatism induced by refraction on the orbital angular momentum of light
Authors: Ritboon Atirach 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We use the Fourier transform and Snell’s law to demonstrate how refraction at a flat interface induces astigmatism and transforms the spatial distribution of a stigmatic beam. Refraction makes the beam parameters for the transverse dimensions perpendicular and parallel to the plane of incidence grow differently and gives rise astigmatism. The decompositions of the orbital angular momentum of the beam before and after refraction are different. A single-value state of orbital angular momentum of the incident photon in a Laguerre–Gaussian mode is transformed into a superposition state.
Microstructures and properties of in-situ (ZrB2 + Al2O3)np/AA6111 composites synthesized under magnetic and ultrasonic fields
Authors: Xia Chaoyi , Zhao Yutao , Chen Fei , Kai Xizhou , Tao Ran , Fang Zheng , Sun Yue 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites were successfully prepared by in situ chemical reaction of the Al-Na2B4O7-K2ZrF6 system with magnetic field applied in the in situ reaction and ultrasonic field introduced in solidification. The results indicated that the optimized magnetic frequency was 10 Hz, and the ultrasonic power was 1.0 kW. XRD analysis showed that ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles have been obtained. The smaller clusters were evenly distributed in the matrix. ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles were dispersed and uniformly distributed. The average size of particles and grain size of (ZrB2 + Al2O3)np/AA6111 composites were refined to 45 ± 10 nm and 50.4 ± 12 μm, respectively. The maximum Vickers hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the composites synthesized under the optimized magnetic and ultrasonic fields were 142.2 HV, 355.4 MPa, 259.4 MPa and 22.4%, which were 1.34, 1.36, 1.35 and 1.33 times higher than that of AA6111 alloy, respectively.
Thermal shock resistance of tungsten with various deformation degrees under transient high heat flux
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Gong Zheng , Huang Jianjun , Yu Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tungsten (W) is considered as the most promising plasma facing material in fusion device, which will be exposed to steady and transient heat loads. Usually, the deformation degree of W influences its thermal shock properties. So we evaluated the thermal shock resistance of rolled pure tungsten (PW) with 60%, 90% deformation degrees and W-1.0wt%La2O3 (WL10) with 52%, 88% deformation degrees using electron beam at an absorbed power density of 0.22 GW m−2 for 5 ms and further discussed the relationship between the thermal shock resistance and microstructures, thermal-mechanical properties. The absorbed beam current (30 mA), electron beam acceleration voltage (120 kV) and loaded area (4 × 4 mm2) is used to estimate the absorbed power density. The results indicated that PW-90%, LW-88% exhibited smaller grain size, higher relative density, microhardness but lower strength, thermal conductivity compared to PW-60%, LW-52%. The cracking threshold was <0.22 GW m−2 for PW-60%, LW-52% and >0.22 GW m−2 for PW-90%, LW-88%. Elliptic left pores in PW-60% and LW-52% aggravated the effect of stress concentration cracking during the transient high heat flux test and decreased the cracking threshold altough they exhibited high strength and thermal conductivity.