bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Analytical Validation of a 29 Gene Clinical Pharmacogenetic Genotyping Panel: Multi‐Ethnic Allele and Copy Number Variant Detection
Authors: Scott Stuart A. , Scott Erick R. , Seki Yoshinori , Chen Annette J. , Wallsten Richard , Owusu Obeng Aniwaa , Botton Mariana R. , Cody Neal , Shi Huanzhi , Zhao Geping , Brake Paul , Nicoletti Paola , Yang Yao , Delio Maria , Shi Lisong , Kornreich Ruth , Schadt Eric E. , Edelmann Lisa 
Published: July 2020

To develop a novel pharmacogenetic genotyping panel, a multidisciplinary team evaluated available evidence and selected 29 genes implicated in interindividual drug response variability, including 130 sequence variants and additional copy number variants (CNVs). Of the 29 genes, 11 had guidelines published by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Targeted genotyping and CNV interrogation were accomplished by multiplex single‐base extension using the MassARRAY platform (Agena Biosciences) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MRC Holland), respectively. Analytical validation of the panel was accomplished by a strategic combination of > 500 independent tests performed on 170 unique reference material DNA samples, which included sequence variant and CNV accuracy, reproducibility, and specimen (blood, saliva, and buccal swab) controls. Among the accuracy controls were 32 samples from the 1000 Genomes Project that were selected based on their enrichment of sequence variants included in the pharmacogenetic panel (VarCover.org). Coupled with publicly available samples from the Genetic Testing Reference Materials Coordination Program (GeT‐RM), accuracy validation material was available for the majority (77%) of interrogated sequence variants (100% with average allele frequencies > 0.1%), as well as additional structural alleles with unique copy number signatures (e.g., CYP2D6*5, *13, *36, *68; CYP2B6*29; and CYP2C19*36). Accuracy and reproducibility for both genotyping and copy number were > 99.9%, indicating that the optimized panel platforms were precise and robust. Importantly, multi‐ethnic allele frequencies of the interrogated variants indicate that the vast majority of the general population carries at least one of these clinically relevant pharmacogenetic variants, supporting the implementation of this panel for pharmacogenetic research and/or clinical implementation programs.
Symptomatic vulvar demodicosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hedberg Matthew L. , Chibnall Rebecca J. , Compton Leigh A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDemodex folliculorum is a mite that commonly inhabits the pilosebaceous units of facial skin, particularly in a perioral and periorbital distribution. While typically an incidental and asymptomatic parasite, Demodex spp. are proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of facial folliculitis, chronic blepharitis and papulopustular rosacea. Reports of demodicosis in anatomic locations other than the face are exceedingly rare. Here we report a 36‐year‐old woman with symptomatic Demodex spp. infestation of Fordyce spots of the labia minora. She was referred to dermatology after a 9‐month history of tender red bumps on the vulva that would arise and drain over a 24 to 72 hours period, several times per week. Physical examination revealed erythema of the labia minora and introitus with a 4 mm, pink, dome‐shaped soft papule on the left labium minus. Wet mount, microbiologic cultures and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screenings were unremarkable. Histopathologic examination revealed a well‐circumscribed nodule of suppurative granulomatous inflammation arising in a background of mucosa with Fordyce spots, the majority of which were infiltrated by Demodex spp. Treatment with oral ivermectin and topical metronidazole cream resulted in a symptom‐free period of 22 months. This case represents an unusual presentation of symptomatic Demodex infestation.
Contagious itching is heightened in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Helt Molly S. , de Marchena Ashley B. , Schineller Molly E. , Kirk Anna I. , Scheub Rachel J. , Sorensen Taylor M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe authors tested susceptibility to contagious itching, laughter, and yawning in 55 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ages 8–14, and 106 typically developing (TD) children, ages 5–14. Children with ASD were less likely to yawn or laugh contagiously compared with TD peers, but showed increased susceptibility to contagious itching, under naturalistic conditions. Contagious yawning and laughter were positively correlated with emotional empathy in the TD group. In contrast, contagious itching showed no relationship to empathy, and was positively correlated with autism symptom severity in the ASD group. The authors explore the implications of these findings in terms of psychological theories about ASD.
Contingency and changing reality: Perspectives from Germany
Authors: Waltemathe Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe World Wide Web connects less and disconnects more. In Germany as in the United States, disconnecting factions digitize their ideologies and overnight multiply their adherents. Such forces of disruption are incessant. Appeal to constructivist theory reveals that beneath this destabilizing dynamic is awareness of contingency, the feeling of disempowerment in the face of an unpredictable and uncontrollable future. Religion has the potential for stabilizing, but religious leaders will need to reignite a faith in the future to make this happen.
Children aged 7–9 prefer cuteness in baby faces, and femininity in women's faces
Authors: Saxton Tamsin K. , Pollet Thomas V. , Panagakis Jenny , Round Emily K. , Brown Samantha E. , Lobmaier Janek S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfant facial features are typically perceived as “cute,” provoking caretaking behaviours. Previous research has focused on adults' perceptions of baby cuteness, and examined how these perceptions are influenced by events of the adult reproductive lifespan, such as ovulation and menopause. However, globally, individuals of all ages, including pre‐pubertal children, provide notable proportions of infant care. In this study, we recruited participants in and around northern England, and tested 330 adults and 65 children aged 7–9 using a forced‐choice paradigm to assess preferences for infant facial cuteness in two stimulus sets and (as a control task) preferences for femininity in women's faces. We analysed the data with Hierarchical Bayesian Regression Models. The adults and children successfully identified infants who had been manipulated to appear cuter, although children's performance was poorer than adults' performance, and children reliably identified infant cuteness in only one of the two infant stimuli sets. Children chose the feminised over masculinised women's faces as more attractive, although again their performance was poorer than adults' performance. There was evidence for a female advantage in the tasks: girls performed better than boys when assessing the woman stimuli and one of the infant stimulus sets, and women performed better than men when assessing one of the infant stimulus sets. There was no evidence that cuteness judgements differed depending upon exposure to infants (children with siblings aged 0–2; adults with a baby caregiving role), or depending upon being just younger or older than the average age of menopause. Children and grandparents provide notable portions of infant caretaking globally, and cuteness perceptions could direct appropriate caregiving behaviour in these age groups, as well as in adults of reproductive age.
Face similarity linkage: A novel biometric approach to sexually motivated serial killer victims
Authors: Hackett Sarah Bernadette , Keatley David , Chapman Brendan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome sexually motivated serial killers target victims on the basis of appearance. Therefore, multiple victims of a single serial killer are likely to have some facial features and geometries that are similar. The current research was undertaken to propose a technique, termed face similarity linkage, to evaluate whether victims of a serial killer have statistically more similar facial measurements than a randomly chosen person of the same gender. To test this, three of Ted Bundy's victims were randomly selected and anatomical landmarks were located and measured to produce proportionality indices of their faces. A random subject from an online database was used as a comparison. The results showed there were no statistically significant differences between the three of Bundy's victims, however there was significant difference between 11 of the 17 facial measurements of Bundy's victims when compared to a random person. This research serves as a proof of concept that, with more advanced means of data collection, may be a useful tool for law enforcement for linking serial homicides. The current method is relatively novel, and in need of expert systems interfaces to improve speed and application, which is outlined in the current study.
Rapid genomic and phenotypic change in response to climate warming in a widespread plant invader
Authors: Sun Yan , Bossdorf Oliver , Grados Ramon D. , Liao ZhiYong , Müller‐Schärer Heinz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPredicting plant distributions under climate change is constrained by our limited understanding of potential rapid adaptive evolution. In an experimental evolution study with the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) we subjected replicated populations of the same initial genetic composition to simulated climate warming. Pooled DNA sequencing of parental and offspring populations showed that warming populations experienced greater genetic divergence from their parents, than control populations. In a common environment, offspring from warming populations showed more convergent phenotypes in seven out of nine plant traits, with later flowering and larger biomass, than plants from control populations. For both traits, we also found a significantly higher ratio of phenotypic to genetic differentiation across generations for warming than for control populations, indicating stronger response to selection under warming conditions. As a measure for evolutionary rate, the phenotypic and sequence divergence between generations were assessed using the Haldane metric. Our approach combining comparisons between generations (allochronic) and between treatments (synchronic) in an experimental evolutionary field study, and linking population genomic data with phenotyping analyses provided a powerful test to detect rapid responses to selection. Our findings demonstrate that ragweed populations can rapidly evolve in response to climate change within a single generation. Short‐term evolutionary responses to climate change may aggravate the impact of some plant invaders in the future and should be considered when making predictions about future distributions and impacts of plant invaders.
Peptides, MAbs, Molecules, Mechanisms, and More: Taking a Stab at Cluster Headache
Authors: Joshi Shivang 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCluster headache is a highly disabling neurological disorder.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to highlight recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of cluster headache such as monoclonal antibodies as well as non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation, and examine future potential therapeutic targets.DiscussionSeveral therapeutic agents currently in use may have underlying mechanisms important to cluster headache pathophysiology and have yet to be completely elucidated. The psychobiological aspects of cluster headache have a significant impact on patients, as well as pose limitations for treatment. Neuropeptides may play a role in underlying mechanisms in why cluster headache patients are frequent tobacco smokers. Alterations in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and neuroinflammation may play a role in suicidality. The circadian nature of cluster headache may generate the development of future treatment options. New understanding of mechanisms underlying post‐traumatic headache may also provide insights into cluster headache pathophysiology.ConclusionMolecular targets and neuromodulation advances have paved the way for a new generation of therapeutic agents in cluster headache. There are several other potential targets.
The bitter tragedies of Bennelong and Grant: Colonial cryptoplots
Authors: Murray Tom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the selective application of particular narrative structures and plot details has influenced the telling of two Australian Indigenous historical biographies. In particular, it describes how colonial agendas and perspectives have been mobilised through these biographies and continue to exert on the present. Specifically, this paper investigates popular historical biographies concerning the Indigenous men Woollarawarre Bennelong (c.1764–1813) and Douglas Grant (c.1885–1951) and reflects on connections between the ways they have been narratively constructed. This paper also notes that the biographies of these two men have been emplotted and encrypted in sociopolitically motivated ways. I use the term ‘cryptoplot’ to describe how these processes and motivations are narratively configured and disguised and to acknowledge how forms of encrypted plot are experienced as having ‘truth’ value.
Transient tear hyperosmolarity disrupts the neuroimmune homeostasis of the ocular surface and facilitates dry eye onset
Authors: Guzmán Mauricio , Miglio Maximiliano , Keitelman Irene , Shiromizu Carolina Maiumi , Sabbione Florencia , Fuentes Federico , Trevani Analía S. , Giordano Mirta N. , Galletti Jeremías G. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent ocular surface disorder with neuroimmune pathophysiology. Tear hyperosmolarity (THO), a frequent finding in affected patients, is considered a key element in DED pathogenesis, yet existing animal models are based on subjecting the ocular surface to the more complex desiccating stress − decreased tear production and/or increased evaporation − instead of strict hyperosmolar stress. Here we characterized a murine model of THO that does not involve desiccating stress, thus allowing us to dissect the contribution of THO to DED. Our results showed that THO is sufficient to disrupt neuroimmune homeostasis of the ocular surface in mice, and thus reproduce many sub‐clinical DED findings. THO activated nuclear factor‐κB signalling in conjunctival epithelial cells and increased dendritic cell recruitment and maturation, leading to more activated (CD69+) and memory (CD62lo CD44hi) CD4+ T‐cells in the eye‐draining lymph nodes. Ultimately, THO impaired the development of ocular mucosal tolerance to a topical surrogate antigen in a chain of events that included epithelial nuclear factor‐κB signalling and activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 as the probable hypertonicity sensor. Also, THO reduced the density of corneal intraepithelial nerves and terminals, and sensitized the ocular surface to hypertonicity. Finally, the adoptive transfer of T‐cells from THO mice to naïve recipients under mild desiccating stress favoured DED development, showing that THO is enough to trigger an actual pathogenic T‐cell response. Our results altogether demonstrate that THO is a critical initiating factor in DED development.
The association between nationality and nurse job satisfaction in Saudi Arabian hospitals
Authors: Almansour H. , Gobbi M. , Prichard J. , Ewings S. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundJob satisfaction is important for increasing nurse retention rates. However, there is little research examining whether there is an association between nationality and job satisfaction among nurses.AimTo examine whether there is an association between nationality and nurse job satisfaction.Methods/designA cross‐sectional survey design was utilized, and 743 nurses from three major government hospitals in Saudi Arabia participated in the survey. Job satisfaction was measured using McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Data were collected between May 2014 and February 2015.ResultsCompared with Saudi nurses, expatriate nurses had overall lower job satisfaction after controlling for other predictors. While expatriates were less satisfied than Saudi nurses about extrinsic rewards and family–work balance, however, Saudi nurses were less satisfied than expatriate nurses about their professional opportunities, praise and recognition, and co‐worker relationships.ConclusionFor some subscales, Saudi nurses were more satisfied than expatriate nurses, while for other subscales, the opposite was true. Nationality should be included in job satisfaction studies in countries with migrant workforces, as nationality‐based differences may have been present but masked in earlier international studies by aggregating satisfaction across national groups.Implications for nursing & health policyPolicy makers in Saudi Arabia and other countries with migrant nursing workforces should have effective induction programmes that help newly employed nurses – migrant and local – clearly understand their jobs, roles and responsibilities. Policy makers must have sufficient evidence to modify the reward system to ensure fairness and equality for all.
Introducing a nutritional app in supervised residences for independent living: Experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers
Authors: Janson Astri Letnes , Moen Anne , Aure Caroline Farsjø 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDietary challenges are common among individuals with intellectual disability residing in supervised living in Norway, and this is a major risk factor for health problems. The aim of this study was to explore feasibility of the nutrition tablet app APPetitus, among persons with intellectual disability and their formal caregivers.MethodJoint dyad interviews with residents and caregivers were conducted after five individuals with intellectual disability used APPetitus for eight weeks. Seven formal caregivers and managers participated in subsequent focus group interviews. Thematic analysis informed the data analysis. The study complies with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).ResultsThe findings were mapped into three themes: APPetitus mediating nutritional conversations, residents' strategies to control the conversation and caregiver support as a required prerequisite for overall user comprehension.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that a nutritional app can contribute to and normalize nutritional conversations, and empower residents to participate.
Investigation the effects of whitening toothpastes on color change of resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks
Authors: Aydın Numan , Karaoglanoglu Serpil , Oktay Elif Aybala 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionSome colorant foods and beverages cause undesired discoloration on dental restorations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whitening kinds of toothpaste with different active ingredients on the color change of resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks.Material and methodsIn the study, resin‐based CAD/CAM block samples sized 1.5 × 7 × 12 mm, were prepared. Then, to simulate the time‐dependent color change, the samples were immersed in coffee (Nescafe Classic, Nestlé) for 14 days. After the color change values of the samples colored in coffee were measured by spectrophotometer, the samples were brushed with different types of whitening toothpastes for 4 minutes. Statistical analysis of the color change (ΔE00) was performed using the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsColor differences occurring on all resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks immersed in coffee for 14 days exceeded the 50%:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) (ΔE00:0.8). There was no statistical significant difference between the whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, hydrogen peroxide (HP), blue covarine pigment, and microparticles in color improvement on resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks (P > .05).ConclusionIt has been verified that the discoloration on resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks exhibiting color difference above the PT after coffee immersion can be reduced by utilizing toothpastes containing whiteners.Clinical significanceColor changes that occur over time in resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks can be a clinical problem. These color changes in the materials can be reduced below the PT level using whitening toothpastes.
Expression and Identification of a Novel Spore Wall Protein in Microsporidian Nosema bombycis
Authors: Wang Ying , Geng Lixia , Xu Jinzhi , Jiang Ping , An Qin , Pu Yaojia , Jiang Yu , He Siyi , Tao Xuemei , Luo Jie , Pan Guoqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrosporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites causing significant disease in human beings and economically important animals. Though a few spore wall proteins (SWPs) have now been identified in these intriguing species, the information on SWPs remains too little to elucidate the spore wall formation mechanisms of microsporidia. It has been well described that numerous proteins with tandem repeats tend to be localized on the cell wall of fungi and parasites. Previously, by scanning the proteins with tandem repeats in microsporidian Nosema bombycis, we obtained 83 candidate SWPs based on whether those proteins possess a signal peptide and/or transmembrane domain. Here, we further characterized a candidate protein (EOB13250) with three tandem repeats in the N‐terminal region and a transmembrane domain in C‐terminus of N. bombycis. Sequence analysis showed that the tandem repeat domain of EOB13250 was species‐specific for this parasite. RT‐PCR indicated that the expression of the gene encoding this protein started on the fourth day postinfection. After cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, a polyclone antibody against the recombinant EOB13250 protein was prepared. Western blotting demonstrated this protein exist in N. bombycis. Immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) and immunoelectron microscopy analysis (IEM) further provided evidence that EOB13250 was an endospore wall protein. These results together suggested that EOB13250 was a novel spore wall protein of N. bombycis. This study provides a further enrichment of the number of identified spore wall proteins in microsporidia and advances our understanding of the spore wall formation mechanism in these obligate unicellular parasites.
Carp oedema virus disease outbreaks in Czech and Slovak aquaculture
Authors: Matějíčková Kateřina , Pojezdal Ľubomír , Pokorová Dagmar , Reschová Stanislava , Piačková Veronika , Palíková Miroslava , Veselý Tomáš , Papežíková Ivana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work describes the first confirmed cases of carp oedema virus disease (CEVD) in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and the phylogenetic analysis of Czech and Slovak carp oedema virus (CEV) isolates. Four cases of disease outbreak in the Czech Republic are described, the oldest dating from mid‐May 2013 and one case from Slovakia dating from May 2019. In all cases, virus presence was confirmed using nested PCR. PCR products were sequenced and compared with 357‐bp nucleotide sequences encoding the CEV P4a protein in GenBank. In four cases of disease outbreak (three common carp breeding facilities and one koi garden pond), CEV detected belonged to genogroup I. In one case (koi garden pond), fish were confirmed as infected with CEV from genogroup II. This work complements data on CEV occurrence in European countries and contributes to a better understanding of the pathways leading to transmission of the virus throughout Europe.