bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Motor State on Postactivation Depression of the Soleus H-Reflex in Parkinson's Disease During Deep Brain Stimulation and Dopaminergic Medication Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Andrews Jennifer C. , Roy François D. , Stein Richard B. , Ba Fang , Sankar Tejas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Postactivation depression of the Hoffmann reflex is reduced in Parkinson's disease (PD), but how the recovery is influenced by the state of the muscle is unknown. The present pilot study examined postactivation depression in PD at rest and during a voluntary contraction while patients were off treatment and while receiving medications and/or deep brain stimulation.

Methods:
The authors recruited nine patients with PD treated with implanted deep brain stimulation and examined postactivation depression under four treatment conditions. Paired pulses were delivered 25 to 300 ms apart, and soleus Hoffmann reflex recovery was tested at rest and during voluntary plantar flexion. Trials were matched for background muscle activity and compared with 10 age-matched controls.

Results:
Patients with Parkinson disease who were OFF medications (OFF meds) and OFF stimulation (OFF stim) at rest showed less postactivation depression at the 300 ms interpulse interval (86.1% ± 21.0%) relative to control subjects (36.4% ± 6.1%; P < 0.05). Postactivation depression was restored when dopaminergic medication and/or deep brain stimulation was applied. Comparisons between resting and active motor states revealed that the recovery curves were similar OFF meds/OFF stim owing to faster recovery in PD seen at rest. In contrast, the effect of the motor state was different ON meds/OFF stim and ON meds/ON stim (both P < 0.05), with a nonsignificant trend OFF meds/ON stim (P > 0.08). During a contraction, recovery curves were similar between all treatment conditions in PD and control.

Conclusions:
Disrupted Hoffmann reflex recovery is restored to control levels in PD patients at rest when receiving medications and/or deep brain stimulation or when engaged in voluntary contraction.
Can age-distribution be an indicator of the goodness of COVID-19 testing?
Authors: Dehkordi Amirhoshang Hoseinpour , Nemati Reza , Tavousi Pouya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt has been evident that the faster, more accurate, and more comprehensive testing can help policymakers assess the real impact of COVID-19 and help them with when and how strict the mitigation policies should be. Nevertheless, the exact number of infected ones could not be measured due to the lack of comprehensive testing. In this paper, first of all, we will investigate the relation of transmission of COVID-19 with age by observing timed data in multiple countries. Then, we compare the COVID-19 CFR with the age-demography data. and as a result, we have proposed a method for estimating a lower bound for the number of positive cases by using the reported data on the oldest age group and the regions’ population age-distributions. The proposed estimation method improved the expected similarity between the age-distribution of positive cases and regions’ populations. Thus, using the publicly accessible data for several developed countries, we show how the improvement of testing over the course of several months has made it clear for the community that different age groups are equally prone to becoming COVID positive. The result shows that the age demography of COVID-19 gets similar to the age-demography of the population, together with the reduction of CFR over time. In addition, countries with less CFR have more similar COVID-19’s age-distribution, which is caused by more comprehensive testing, than ones who have higher CFR. This leads us to a better estimation for positive cases in different testing strategies. Having knowledge of this fact helps policymakers enforce more effective policies for controlling the spread of the virus.
Intergroup lethal gang attacks do not require fission-fusion dynamics to evolve
Authors: Martínez-Íñigo Laura , Engelhardt Antje , Agil Muhammad , Pilot Malgorzata , Majolo Bonaventura 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTLethal gang attacks, in which multiple aggressors attack a single victim, are among the most widespread forms of violence between human groups. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), as well as wolves (Canis lupus), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), and lions (Panthera leo), perform gang attacks during raids. In raids, a few individuals of a group enter another group’s territory and attack its members if found in numerical disadvantage. Current theory predicts that raids and gang attacks are linked to fission-fusion dynamics, i.e., the capacity of a group to split into smaller subgroups of variable size and composition. However, over the last decade, research on social mammals without fission-fusion societies nor raiding have shown that they may also be involved in intergroup lethal gang attacks. Thus, neither fission-fusion dynamics nor raiding are required for gang attacks to evolve. Based on our first-ever reports of intergroup gang attacks in the crested macaque (Macaca nigra), combined with the synthesis of earlier observations of such attacks in several species living in stable groups, we develop a new hypothesis about the proximate causes leading to lethal intergroup aggression. We propose that the ability to estimate numerical odds, form coalitionary bonds, and show hostility towards outgroup individuals may suffice to trigger intergroup gang attacks when the conditions favour an imbalance of power between victims and attackers.
GAIT-GM: Galaxy tools for modeling metabolite changes as a function of gene expression
Authors: McIntyre Lauren M. , Huertas Francisco , Moskalenko Olexander , Llansola Marta , Felipo Vicente , Morse Alison M. , Conesa Ana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGalaxy is a user-friendly platform with a strong development community and a rich set of tools for omics data analysis. While multi-omics experiments are becoming popular, tools for multi-omics data analysis are poorly represented in this platform. Here we present GAIT-GM, a set of new Galaxy tools for integrative analysis of gene expression and metabolomics data. In the Annotation Tool, features are mapped to KEGG pathway using a text mining approach to increase the number of mapped metabolites. Several interconnected databases are used to maximally map gene IDs across species. In the Integration Tool, changes in metabolite levels are modelled as a function of gene expression in a flexible manner. Both unbiased exploration of relationships between genes and metabolites and biologically informed models based on pathway data are enabled. The GAIT-GM tools are freely available athttps://github.com/SECIMTools/gait-gm.
Computationally-efficient spatiotemporal correlation analysis super-resolves anomalous diffusion
Authors: Yoshida Shawn , Schmid William , Vo Nam , Calabrase William , Kisley Lydia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnomalous diffusion dynamics in confined nanoenvironments govern the macroscale properties and interactions of many biophysical and material systems. Currently, it is difficult to quantitatively link the nanoscale structure of porous media to anomalous diffusion within them. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (fcsSOFI) has been shown to extract nanoscale structure and Brownian diffusion dynamics within gels, liquid crystals, and polymers, but has limitations which hinder its wider application to more diverse, biophysically-relevant datasets. Here, we parallelize the least-squares curve fitting step on a GPU improving computation times by up to a factor of 40, implement anomalous diffusion and two-component Brownian diffusion models, and make fcsSOFI more accessible by packaging it in a user-friendly GUI. We apply fcsSOFI to simulations of the protein fibrinogen diffusing in polyacrylamide of varying matrix densities and super-resolve locations where slower, anomalous diffusion occurs within smaller, confined pores. The improvements to fcsSOFI in speed, scope, and usability will allow for the wider adoption of super-resolution correlation analysis to diverse research topics.
A socio-technological model of search information divide in US cities
Authors: Park Yong Jin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to theorize and apply a socio-technological model – the powerful influence of social determinants in conditioning the effects of information attention on social outcomes. Fundamentally, this study is motivated by the idea that the social determinants of information flow can be used as a predictive tool to inform public socio-policy decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws upon digital disparity literature and uses publicly available Google search queries in exploring online information attention and its relationships to the HIV/AIDS diffusion in US cities. This study’s secondary data collected from extant sources is used to draw attention to a holistic urban ecology under which online search attention represents the variation of information access at the aggregate level.FindingsThe main finding shows that online information attention, as indicated by search trend, is far from being a simple predictor, but operates in complex interactions with existing social environments. A bivariate correlation between AIDS information search and AIDS diffusion rate was found to be significant. However, predictive multivariate models displayed robust effects of social contextual variables, such as income level and racial composition of cities, in moderating the effect of online search information flow.Practical implicationsThe importance of these insights is discussed for reducing socio-health disparities at the macro-social level, and policymakers and health administrators are recommended to incubate supportive online infrastructure as an effective preventive measure at the time of a crisis.Originality/valueThe unique contribution of this study is the premise that looks at the aggregate-ecological contour of cities within which the potential benefits of information occur, instead of examining the isolated function of mediated informationper se. In this vein, online information search,in lieuof the exposure to mass media message that is often measured via self-reported items, is a particularly unique and fruitful area of future inquiry that this study promotes.
Extending Marlow’s general first-invariant constitutive model to compressible, isotropic hyperelastic materials
Authors: Hüter Florian , Rieg Frank 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
A general first-invariant constitutive model has been derived in literature for incompressible, isotropic hyperelastic materials, known as Marlow model, which reproduces test data exactly without the need of curve-fitting procedures. This paper aims to describe how to extend Marlow’s constitutive model to the more general case of compressible hyperelastic materials.

Design/methodology/approach
The isotropic constitutive model is based on a strain energy function, whose isochoric part is solely dependent on the first modified strain invariant. Based on Marlow’s idea, a principle of energetically equivalent deformation states is derived for the compressible case, which is used to determine the underlying strain energy function directly from measured test data. No particular functional of the strain energy function is assumed. It is shown how to calibrate the volumetric and isochoric strain energy functions uniquely with uniaxial or biaxial test data only. The constitutive model is implemented into a finite element program to demonstrate its applicability.

Findings
The model is well suited for use in finite element analysis. Only one set of test data is required for calibration without any need for curve-fitting procedures. These test data are reproduced exactly, and the model prediction is reasonable for other deformation modes.

Originality/value
Marlow’s basic concept is extended to the compressible case and applied to both the volumetric and isochoric part of the compressible strain energy function. Moreover, a novel approach is described on how both compressive and tensile test data can be used simultaneously to calibrate the model.
Impact of knowledge search on product and process innovation: mediating role of absorptive capacity and moderating role of IT capability
Authors: Gao Hui , Ding Xiu-Hao , Wu Suming 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMore enterprises adopt open innovation by breaking technological or organizational boundaries to seek internal and external knowledge when they face a fiercely competitive environment, complex market demands, and increasingly rapid technological change. In this context, a knowledge search strategy is regarded as an effective means of obtaining inside and outside resources and an important way to break the innovation bottleneck. Moreover, information technology (IT) is deemed an important asset for sourcing knowledge, whereas absorptive capacity is seen as an indispensable ability for utilizing novel knowledge. Thus, this paper aims to test the role of knowledge search in open innovation and examine the mediating effect of absorptive capacity and the moderating effect of IT capability.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 1,088 Chinese firms’ data collected by the World Bank in 2012, this paper employs logistic regression to test the hypotheses.FindingsThis study finds that local and boundary-spanning search strategies positively influence both product and process innovation, and absorptive capacity has a mediating role in the relationships between knowledge search and product and process innovation. Moreover, IT capability has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between local search and innovation performance; however, IT capability strengthens the relationship between boundary-spanning search and process innovation while weakens that between boundary-spanning search and product innovation.Originality/valueThis study explores the impact of different knowledge search behaviors on different types of innovation and probes the role of absorptive capacity and IT capability in mediating and moderating the above relationships. By drawing on knowledge-based theory and cognitive-developmental theory, this paper provides a novel perspective to explain the mechanism between knowledge search and innovation performance.
Is emotional labour a positive experience for teachers? A qualitative study
Authors: Lyndon Shiji , Rawat Preeti S. , Pawar Darshana 
Published: December 2020

PurposeEmotional labour is an important area of research in organizational psychology especially in the context of service industry. Past research in this area has primarily focused on the negative consequences of emotional labour. The present study is carried out to explore whether professors working in higher educational institutes experience emotional labour and how does it impact them.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitative approach. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted.FindingsThree broad themes emerged from the study: (1) work environment leading to emotional labour (2) factors facilitating emotional regulation and (3) consequences of emotional labour. The findings revealed that the consequences of emotional labour are context specific and in the context of educational setting, it has interesting positive outcomes.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide critical insights regarding how to deal with employees who experience emotional labour at work.Originality/valueThe study adopts an inductive approach to explore the experiences of emotional labour of professors in higher educational institutes.
Towards responsible conflict minerals supply chain management: a systematic literature review and a supply chain governance framework
Authors: El Baz Jamal , Jebli Fedwa , Temidayo Akenroye , Cherrafi Anass 
Published: December 2020

PurposeLiterature on conflict minerals supply chain management issues has witnessed a significant surge during the last decade. The authors review how CM research addressed supply chain issues over the last decades and present a critical assessment of such literature based on supply chain governance theory.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review approach was adopted, and a sample of 122 papers were identified in relevant journals. A descriptive, thematic and content analysis of the papers is presented to delineate the structure and the main research clusters of the literature.FindingsThe authors provide a comprehensive assessment of CMSC literature and identify four main research clusters. Most research has focussed on operational practices and adopted a fragmented approach to CMSC issues. Accordingly, the authors provide research propositions related to under-explored aspects in extant literature.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has a number of implications. Practitioners and researchers will gain a greater understanding of specific CMSC issues which have been addressed in current literature and of how responsible CMSC actions can be implemented.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first literature reviews of publications on CMSC from a supply chain governance perspective. This review presents an overarching map of CMSC literature and a series of propositions to inform future research.
Definition of input and output variables to assess operations strategy efficiency frontier
Authors: Veiga Gabriela Lobo , Pinheiro de Lima Edson , Frega José Roberto , Gouvea da Costa Sergio E. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between performance frontier and operations strategy. A two-level conceptual framework is proposed based on performance elements that act as output/input variables and delimit the scope of the frontier analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe framework proposition is based on the fourth round of high-performance manufacturing survey data. A representative set of variables for assessing performance based on operations strategy constructs is defined through multivariate data analysis techniques. The main method used is the principal component analysis.FindingsThe proposed first-level conceptual framework formalizes the relationships between performance frontier analysis techniques and operations strategy, delimiting the scope and the structural definitions. The second-level conceptual framework defines the constructs of the input and output dimensions for frontier analysis studies.Originality/valueThe paper contribution is developed in the gap of market-led orientation to study operations strategy performance frontier since most related literature focuses on capabilities development with a main focus on the resource-based view (RBV) approach. A conceptual framework based on the competitive priorities is therefore proposed to represent the operations strategy in the view of the frontier techniques. The value lies in defining performance measures which are not a straightforward task as the growth of organization competitiveness and complexity require multiple performance measures. A deeper understanding of frontier estimation on the operations strategy context is also provided, contributing to positively influence firms to succeed in the current dynamic competitive environments.
Knowledge and attitudes towards Islamic banking in the Philippines
Authors: Hadji Latif Sahraman D. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge and attitudes of the Muslim society toward Islamic banking in the Philippines. It also aims to determine the factors that influence their attitudes toward selection of Islamic banking.

Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative method was used in this study. A sample of 250 Muslims who have bank accounts in either Islamic or conventional banks in Marawi City, Philippines were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires, and only 233 questionnaires were considered valid. Descriptive, factor and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Findings
The study shows that the level of knowledge of the Muslim society toward the basic modes of financing in Islamic banking is low. However, the attitudes of the Muslim society toward Islamic banking are favorable. Their attitudes are influenced by the opportunities that Islamic banking can provide to the society, religious motivation and awareness toward Islamic Banking. Product and marketing strategies, and the Shari’ah reputation of Islamic bank are also found significant in influencing their attitudes toward Islamic banking.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused only for Muslims in the Philippines particularly in Marawi City with limited samples. Future study that will combine non-Muslims and Muslim respondents are also indispensable.

Practical implications
The study reveals the potential development of Islamic banking in the country. The Philippine Government and the present Islamic bank in the country can enhance Islamic banking through the factors that influence the attitudes of the Muslim society toward Islamic banking.

Social implications
The Islamic bank can provide financial inclusion for Muslims, who voluntarily excluded themselves from conventional banking services and products because of religious reasons, and enhance the socio-economic conditions of the Muslim communities in the Philippines through its unique modes of financing and products.

Originality/value
The research was a first attempt to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of Muslim society toward Islamic banking in the Philippines. This also underlines the importance of Islamic banking in the country particularly in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
Desolated milieu: exploring the trajectory of workplace loneliness (2006-2019)
Authors: Firoz Mantasha , Chaudhary Richa , Khan Aamna 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to trace the trajectory of research done exclusively on the topic of Workplace Loneliness from 2006 to 2019. Based on the content analysis of 29 articles, this paper critically assesses, summarizes and consolidates the existing body of knowledge in the field of workplace loneliness.

Design/methodology/approach
This review is organized around five major themes – origin and the conceptual grounding of the construct; emergence of the concept of workplace loneliness, conceptualizations and overlap with the related constructs; measurement tools and techniques; analysis of its predictors, outcomes, mediators and moderators; and development of an integrated model specifying the nomological network of workplace loneliness for clarifying the current state of thinking and guiding future research in the area.

Findings
The concept of workplace loneliness started receiving attention from the year 2006 and gained momentum in 2016. The studies from wide range of countries show that workplace loneliness is not restricted to one geographical location but is a phenomenon that affects people and economies around the world. The review highlights the conceptualization and measurement challenges along with the need for theoretical development of the field. Further, the existing literature fails to provide a comprehensive picture of the predictors, underlying processes, contingencies and outcomes of workplace loneliness.

Originality/value
This study being one of the rare attempts to consolidate the existing body of knowledge on loneliness at work will provide academicians and practitioners with a comprehensive account of the state of research and development on an important and yet neglected issue of workplace loneliness.