bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22: Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Validation in Local Language
Authors: Yeolekar Aditya M , Rokade Vidya , Shinde Kiran , Pathak Netra , Qadri Haris , Kahane Kaustubh 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Quality of life questionnaires have been increasingly used in clinical studies to help estimate the magnitude of problem. Sino-Nasal Outcome Test -22 (SNOT-22) is considered to be a good tool to measure the severity of Sino-Nasal Diseases. As this test is in English, it may be difficult for the local population to express their symptoms correctly. Therefore we have translated and validated the SNOT- 22 test in local Indian language, Marathi.
Materials and Methods
An early Indian ( Marathi ) version of the SNOT 22 questionnaire was prepared. This was a prospective study,where forty patients with Sino-nasal Diseases confirmed on DNE & CT(PNS) filled the questionnaire. This was repeated after a period of 14 days to retest. For validation the questionnaire was also filled by healthy individuals.
Results
The mean SNOT-22 score ± SD was 50.17 ± 18.65 (range 10–93) in the initial test, and 49.61 ± 18.40 (range 21–91) in retest in the study group. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.835 and 0.837 at the initial and retest examination respectively, both values were suggesting a good internal consistency. The mean SNOT-22 score ± SD was 13 ± 11.68 in the control group and 49.61 ± 18.40 (range 21–91) in the sino-nasal disease group and proved by Mann- Whitney U test.
Conclusion
The Marathi SNOT-22 is a valid instrument to assess the symptomatology of patients of Sino-nasal Diseases in Maharashtra.
A Novel Technique of Using Sponge as Post-Operative Nasal Packing
Authors: Thomas Ike , Thekkethil Jathin Sam , Kapoor Ramesh Chandra , Thomas Tina , Thomas Pramod 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
In an effort to find a comparable but less expensive nasal pack with the qualities of MerocelR,this study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy and patient comfort level, while simultaneously using MerocelR and commercially available sponge as packing material in the same patient.
Materials and Methods
This study included those patients who underwent septoplasty, turbinoplasty or FESS and nasal packing was done randomly with MerocelR and commercially available sponge (polyurethane foam) on the same patient. Patients shared their experience on the symptom questionnaire on the first post-operative day and they underwent sequential diagnostic nasal endoscopy to assess the endoscopic status of the nasal cavity, which were documented meticulously.

Result
The post-operative bleeding control, pain during pack removal, general satisfaction, willingness to reuse and post-operative adhesion were same for both MerocelR and sponge.

Conclusion
The innovative technique of using a commonly available, commercially prepared sponge which is as good as MerocelR is well supported due to its efficacy in hemostasis, less mucosal trauma and less pain during pack removal. So it may be used in developing countries where cost is a factor for compliance of patients for undergoing surgeries without compromising on quality.
A Correlative Study Between Size of Tympanic Membrane Perforation, Pure Tone Audiometry and Intraoperative Findings in Tympanoplasty
Authors: U P Santosh , J Sridurga , D R Aravind 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a most common and prevalent disease of the middle ear. COM has been defined as a longstanding inflammatory condition of middle ear and mastoid, associated with perforation of the tympanic membrane. Tympanoplasties are common surgeries performed for chronic otitis media in inactive mucosal type. Any otological surgery may involve a menace/ hazard of hearing loss post operatively.
In this study, an attempt was made to correlate, size of tympanic membrane perforation, pure tone audiometry and intra-operative findings in tympanoplasties, results were analysed and conclusion drawn.
Materials and Methods
Forty patients attending ENT OPD with chronic otitis media (COM), inactive mucosal type, with conductive hearing loss undergoing tympanoplasties who were willing to participate in the study were selected.
Ear was examined pre-operatively to assess the size of perforation and then, pure tone audiometry (PTA) was done to assess the type of hearing loss and its severity. During tympanoplasty, middle ear was inspected for ossicular status and any other pathology was noted. Later, the size of tympanic membrane perforation, pure tone audiometry and intra operative findings were correlated with each other and analysed.
Result
In small and medium sized perforation, PTA and intraoperative findings correlated with each other. Whereas, in large and subtotal perforation, there was no correlation.
Conclusion
In small and medium sized perforation, middle ear inspection may not be necessary. Whereas, in large and subtotal perforation it is necessary.
A Multi-Modality Surgical Management in Laryngeal Stenosis
Authors: Ansari Ashfaque , Thomas Annju 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Postintubation laryngo-tracheal stenosis requires a precise diagnosis and an experienced operator in both endoscopic and surgical treatment. This report presents surgically treated cases of laryngo-tracheal stenosis secondary to long-term intubation/ tracheostomy with review of the literature.
Case Reports
In this retrospective study, we present 5 cases (23-year-old male, 13 year old male, 22 year old male, 19 year old male and 33 year old female) of post-intubation/tracheostomy laryngo-tracheal stenosis (glottic/subglottic) stenosis in the year 2016 to 2017. Each patient was managed differently. A patient with history of multiple subglottic stenosis dilations and stenting underwent open surgical subglottic stenosis resection and anastomosis, LASER assisted resection of stenosis with stenting was done in a patient with history of dilation, LASER assisted resection and dilation followed by Mitomycin C application was done in another patient with history of poisoning, plain endoscopic dilation was done in one patient with history of head injury and Kashima’s Cordotomy with release of interarytenoid adhesion by LASER was done in one patient.
Conclusion
Resection of stenotic segment by open surgical anastomosis and laser assisted resection is a safe option for the treatment of subglottic stenosis following intubation without the need for repeated dilation. Endoscopic dilation can be reserved for unfit patients.
A Peripheral Primitive Neuro-ectodermal Tumor (pPNET) of Larynx
Authors: Wadhera Raman , Sehrawat Usha , Hernot Sharad , Gahlawat Pawan Kumar , Jakhar Aman 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are malignant tumors comprised of small round cells of neuro-ectodermal origin that affect soft tissue and bone. Though the occurrence of pPNETs in the head and neck region is rare, these are aggressive malignant tumors, and long-term survival rates following diagnosis remain poor.
Case Report
In the present case, a tumour was located in larynx (as globular/cystic mass of epiglottis) of the patient and was diagnosed as pPNET. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that tumor cells were positive for CD99 and NSE, focally positive for EMA but negative for synaptophysin and chromogranin. The mass was surgically excised with negative margins. In post op period patient was planned for post-op chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Conclusion
pPNETs are very rare in head and neck region. Significant advances in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens, as well as improved facility in diagnosing these tumors through cytogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis improves the long-term disease-free survival.
External Laryngocoele or Anterior Jugular Vein Aneurysm (A Rare Clinical Entity): A Paradox Solved by A Few Simple Non-Invasive Radiological Tests
Authors: Mozumder Somesh , Dubey Shirish , Dam Aniruddha , Bhowmick Anup Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The differential diagnosis of a cystic upper neck mass that becomes prominent on coughing, straining, breath holding, or Valsalva manoeuvre includes mediastinal tumours and cysts, external laryngeal diverticula, and jugular venous aneurysms. Jugular venous aneurysms, while extremely rare, must be considered. We report the fifth case of anterior jugular aneurysm in an adult patient.

Case Report

A 55 year old female patient presented with a swelling in the upper part of right side of neck near the greater cornu of hyoid bone. The swelling increased with Valsalva, straining and while stooping forward. Clinically it was thought to be an external laryngocoele. However Colour Doppler Ultra-sonography and C.T angiogram of neck established it as of anterior jugular venous aneurysm by distinguishing from external laryngocoele.

Discussion

Patient presenting with unilateral cystic swelling in upper neck at upper border of thyroid cartilage which clinically bears the common provisional diagnosis of external laryngocele must be differentiated radiologically from anterior jugular venous aneurysm, (though rare in occurrence) to avoid a catastrophic incident during surgery.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading
Authors: Prabhu K , Singh Hitendra Prakash , Kumar Sunil , Maurya Malti Kumari , Verma Veerendra , Mishra Anupam , Agarwal Satya Prakash 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition.
Materials and Methods
A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed.
Result
Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of either tobacco or areca nut chewing ranged from 1 to 35 yrs. Most patients had these habits for 6-19 yrs. Majority (55.3% & 54.5%) of the patients belonged to grade-2 (clinical grading) and intermediate grade (HPE grading) respectively. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with clinical grading (χ2=204.08, p<0.001).
Discussion
The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits and also with clinical findings of restriction of mouth opening and inter incisal distance. The HPE findings showed significant and direct association with clinical grading i.e. when the clinical grading increases, the histopathological grading also increases.
Conclusion
OSMF is a disease with a high incidence. It also carries a significant risk of transformation to oral cancer. As no effective medical and surgical treatment is available for this condition; it is desirable to diagnose OSMF at early stages.
Correlation of Clinical and Endoscopic Evaluation with PET-CT in Detecting Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mappuri Rambabu , Narayanaswamy Ramakrishnan 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The current study reports the correlation of clinical and endoscopic evaluation with 18F-Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) findings in detecting the residual/recurrence tumor after definitive treatment in the follow up cases of squamous cell carcinoma head and neck.
Materials and Methods
A prospective comparative study carried out on 30 follow-up cancer patients after definitive primary treatment. All patients were evaluated by clinical examination, endoscopy and 18F-FDG PET/CT and these results correlated to detect residual/recurrence. Suspicious lesion at primary site suggesting residual/recurrence was confirmed by gold standard investigation, histopathological examination (HPE).
Result
The age group mostly involved is 40-70 with male predominance. Predominant sites were oral cavity and larynx. 20 patients showed recurrence on clinical and endoscopic evaluation with 03 false positive results, 10 patients showed no recurrence with 01 false negative result. On PET/CT, 19 patients were showed recurrence with 01 false positive result, 11 patients showed no recurrence. PET/CT showed high sensitivity, specificity, with high NPV in detecting the recurrence of disease in the follow up period. Clinical and endoscopic evaluation also has high sensitivity, PPV and NPV.
Conclusion
It is recommended that 18F-FDG PET/CT scan should be done in every case after primary treatment in addition to complete clinical and endoscopic evaluation and during follow-up period for early detection and management of residual/ recurrence.
Novel Therapy for Pseudocyst of Pinna – An Institutional Study
Authors: Chakraborty Debdulal , Das Chiranjib 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Pseudocyst of pinna is a cystic swelling with collection of serous fluid between the auricular cartilage and perichondrium. Successful treatment of pseudocyst of pinna is challenging because of its high propensity for recurrence and cosmetic deformity. None of the treatment modalities described in literature gives fully satisfactory result. So a novel treatment modality is required which gives good cosmetic outcome with zero recurrence.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was done in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery of a Government Medical College, West Bengal from April 2014 to March 2017. The effusion was aspirated aseptically with sterilized 10 ml syringe with 18G IV needle. An equal amount of Inj. Dexamethasone and Inj. Gentamicin 80 mg in 1:1 ratio mixed in a new 10 ml syringe was injected into the swelling through the same prick point.
Result
Most of the patients in this study were males between 31-40 years of age and labourer by profession. Maximum number of patients had swelling involving concha. Only one case of one month old infant had bilateral involvement. All patients were cured without any recurrence or disfigurement.
Conclusion
The results of present study points to the fact that aspiration and instillation of equal amount of Inj. Dexamethasone and Inj. Gentamicin works very good in treatment of pseudocyst of pinna. This therapy is minimally invasive, less painful, cost-effective and less cumbersome for the surgeon. It gives faster recovery, good cosmetic outcome and recurrence is prevented.
Facial Plexiform Neurofibromatosis Type I
Authors: Devnath Bapan , Dey Debraj , Ghosh Avinava 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Plexiform neurofibroma is a benign tumor of peripheral nerves arising from a proliferation of all neural elements. Clinically, it presents as a subcutaneous mass which feels like a "bag of worms".
Case Report
A 23-years-old male with a swelling over left side of the face large enough to involve whole one side of the face. There was tenderness and the swelling had a very peculiar consistency, soft in most of the areas with few firm nodular areas.
Operative procedure: surgery was done in two stages. Initially subtotal excision was done and 3 months later re-explored to excise the recurrent disease. Complete excision was not possible.
Discussion
Plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) occurs due to overgrowth of neural tissue in the subcutaneous region. Surgical management remains the mainstay of treatment but functional disturbances are almost inevitable while resecting tumors involving the head and neck region. Resection and de bulking of invasive PNF is however associated with a high rate of recurrence. One of the limiting factors is vascularity of these lesions and their abnormal propensity to bleed.
Conclusion
Although benign, plexiform neurofibromas can cause pain, disfigurement and functional changes and more importantly, may turn malignant. Surgery should be attempted considering psychological benefits.
Cosmetic Disfigurement due to Home Remedy in Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Kalra Riya Kaur , Singh Phulwinder 
Published: August 2020

Melanocytic nevi of the head and neck region are common among all ages with no predilection for males or females. These moles can appear as small, dark brown spots on the skin anywhere on the face including the eyelids, which may not be cosmetically acceptable.
Case Report
Here we report a case where a toilet cleaner (tezaab) was used to remove the facial mole leading to scar formation, which otherwise could have been removed with various latest modalities with no residual scar.
Discussion
Melanocytic nevi can be removed safely by the latest modalities available by the trained professionals but at times people try home remedies or take internet suggestions before consulting a doctor which can lead to ugly scars.
All Cartilage No Stitch Type 1 Tympanoplasty – A Prospective Study
Authors: Chakraborty Debdulal , Das Chiranjib , Chatterjee Pritam , Hansda Rajesh 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Although temporalis fascia is the commonly used graft material for tympanoplasty, cartilage has become the material of choice in cases with eustachian tube dysfunction, bilateral disease, total or anterior perforation of tympanic membrane, tympanosclerosis etc. Cartilage slices < 0.5 mm thick are similar to the tympanic membrane in their acoustic properties. The present study is aimed to describe stitch-less type 1 tympanoplasty with sliced tragal cartilage-perichondrium and evaluate anatomical, audiological and cosmetic outcomes.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted from March 2014 to August 2016, in ENT department of a Government Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. Primary tympanoplasty cases irrespective of age, size and site of perforation, laterality and eustachian tube function were included in the study. History of previous tympanoplasty or mastoid surgery and cases requiring ossicular reconstruction or mastoidectomy were excluded from the study. Sliced tragal cartilage-perichondrium graft of 0.2 mm thickness was placed in underlay fashion through trans-canal or end-aural route.
Results
Among 95 cases 38 were male, 57 were female with age range between 7 to 68 years. Average operative time was 30 minutes. Graft take was successful in 97.89% of cases. Average Air Bone Gap 12 months after operation was 13.03dB.
Conclusion
Sliced cartilage-perichondrium graft gives good balance between sufficient stability and adequate acoustic sensitivity. Moreover, no stitch technique reduces operative time and increases cosmesis.
Comparison of Microdissection Microlaryngeal Surgery with Carbon Dioxide Laser in Management of Benign and Premalignant Lesions of Larynx
Authors: Prasad Rachana , Mallick Ajay 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Dysphonia is caused by voice misuse and various environmental factors. It is manifested as varied pathological lesions of the vocal cords. Surgical excision of these lesions is mainly by conventional cold steel or laser assisted microsurgical techniques. Both modalities have seen extensive advancements and refinement in technologies in the recent past. In this study we have compared the microdissection microlaryngeal treatment and microspot superpulsed beam carbon dioxide (CO2) laser assisted surgical techniques for the management of benign and precancerous lesions of the vocal cords.
Material and Methods
A total of 36 cases of benign lesions of vocal cord, were divided randomly to undergo surgery either by microdissection or CO2laser assisted techniques. The groups were assessed through vocal cord morphological observation and subjective voice assessment parameters GRBAS score and VHI10 index.
Results
Peroperative bleeding was observed to be significantly reduced in the laser excision group. However, operating time was significantly increased in this group. Patients recovered remarkably well following both the techniques as denoted by voice parameters. No difference was observed in duration of hospital stay.
Conclusion
Both surgical techniques give satisfactory results in their management of benign and precancerous lesions of the vocal cords. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. After a learning curve, laser surgery with its precision and cleaner surgical fields will be more effective in the management of such cases.
A Cadaveric Study of Occurrence of Extralaryngeal Branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Reference to its Importance in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Nandy Shantanu , Banerjee Anirban , Das Saumik 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy (RLNP) is the most common complication of thyroid surgery. Patients complain of hoarseness of voice and sometimes variable amount of respiratory distress due to palsy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), extra laryngeal branches of which are often ligated along with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) during thyroidectomy. So prevalence and variable pattern of extra laryngeal nerve branches (ELNB) of RLN should be known to the thyroid surgeon to avoid post operative complications.
Materials and Methods
Dissection was carried on the neck of properly embalmed 25 adult cadavers including both sexes in the dissection hall to study extra laryngeal nerve branches (ELNB) of 50 RLN specimens.
Results
Out of 50 RLN, 13 nerves (26%) have ELNBs. Only in 4 cadavers (16%) they are bilateral. In 9 cases RLN branches were surrounding either single trunk of ITA or branches of the artery. In rest of the 4 cases ELNBs were passing entirely either in front or behind the ITA
Conclusion
The gold standard for preservation of the RLN during thyroid surgery is still visual anatomical identification. Proper dissection and anatomical identification of the RLN and all its branches is very important prior to the clamping of the ITA and all its branches.
Comparative Study of Infiltration of Lidocaine with Adrenaline versus Sterile Water in Type 1 Tympanoplasty Performed under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Pandurangarao Santosh Uttarkar , Janarthanan Sridurga 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
It is a common practice to infiltrate 2% lignocaine with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline for Type 1 Tympanoplasty, even when the surgery is done under general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the necessity of infiltration of lidocaine with adrenaline (2% lidocaine with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline) in Type 1 Tympanoplasty surgeries performed under general anaesthesia in terms of per-operative bleeding and post-operative pain relief.

Materials and Methods
A double blinded, prospective randomized comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. A total of 50 patients planned for Type 1 Tympanoplasty under general anaesthesia, for chronic otitis media, inactive, mucosal disease were selected and divided into two groups randomly. Group A (25 patients) received local infiltration of 2% Lidocaine with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline and Group B (25 patients) patients received infiltration of sterile water. The per -operative bleeding and post-operative pain relief were assessedat 2nd, 4th and 6th post-operative hour in both the groups and the results were analysed.

Results
P value for per operative bleeding was <0.77 (non-significant). And the P value for post-operative pain relief at 2nd hour was <0.002 (significant). But the P value for 4th (<0.133) and 6th (<0.358) post-operative hours were not significant.

Conclusion
Infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline, doesn’t have any significant impact in per-operative bleeding and post-operative pain relief at 4th and 6th hour. But there is a significant pain relief, for 2 hours after surgery, when 2% lidocaine with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline is used for infiltration.