bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice to Prevent Against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Debre Tabor Town Northwest Ethiopia: a Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Ayele Alemu Degu , Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Teffera Adanech Getie , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Amsalu Bedemariam Tadesse 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The current corona virus disease (COVID-19) is now become the global concerns and declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization on March 2020. To date, no antiviral treatment or vaccine has been explicitly recommended for COVID-19. So, applying preventive measures to control COVID-19 infection is the most critical intervention. Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to respiratory pathogens and severe pneumonia, because they are at immunosuppressive state and physiological adaptive change during pregnancy. As the same time the determinants of knowledge and practice to prevent COVID-19 among pregnant women, who constitute vulnerable groups, are yet to be evaluated. This study was therefore designed to assess knowledge and practice of preventive measures against corona virus disease and its associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Tabor Town. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women from May 25-June 15, 2020. Simple random sampling technique was employed. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out and p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI were considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 422 participants were included with response rate of 95.9%. The mean age was 27.15 (SD± 4.719) years. About 46.8% and 47.6 % of women were knowledgeable and had good practice against corona virus respectively. The predictor for knowledge were age(15-24)( AOR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.34-5.42), educational status(AOR:3.70; 95% CI: 1.16-5.40) being civil servant (AOR:2.84; 95% CI: 1.55-5.21), wanted pregnancy(AOR:3.37; 95% CI: 1.20-9.45), antenatal care follow-up(AOR:2.07; 95% CI: 1.03-4.13), whereas educational status (AOR:3.78; 95% CI: 1.19-5.11), number of children (AOR:2.89; 95% CI: 1.29-6.45) and knowledge (AOR:8.42;95% CI: 4.50-15.85), were also the predictors for practice. Conclusion: This study showed that most of the participants had poor knowledge and inappropriate practice. As per finding increasing health education program via different medias, coordinated and combined efforts of authorities and all individuals will be needed to battles the spread of the pandemic.
Student Support System in Virtual Learning Environment for Medical Education: McKenna Content Analysis Method
Authors: Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat , Mohammadimehr Mojgan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Student support services are a broad and important concept in education, each of which is related to a specific set of hypotheses related to the subject. This lack of theoretical and conceptual ambiguity has led to poor understanding and communication between researchers and policymakers and problems in comparing studies in different fields. The purpose of this study is to explain the student support system in virtual learning environment for medical education.Methods: This study was a qualitative research. An extensive search in scientific databases was carried out based on predetermined strategies, and 53 documents were reviewed from 1996 until 2019. Data were analyzed based on Hugh McKenna’s nine-step approach. Results: According to the literature review, determining the support services of students in virtual learning, providing academic and non-academic services is the responsibility of students' cognitive, emotional and social needs. These services lead to greater student participation in the process of self-learning and academic achievement, which is done at three levels: (pre-program, learning process and post-graduate support services). Student support services were categorized into conceptual areas (level, dimensions, and purpose) and the relationship between these conceptual areas was identified.Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, student support services in virtual learning can be divided into two categories: academic and non-academic with relevant subcomponents. It is recommended that educators and policy makers use these results to facilitate student support for different types of virtual learning.
Specific Aspects of Executive Functioning Impacted in HIV and Cocaine Dependence
Authors: Nigro Sarah E. , Wu Minjie , Lord Alinda , Sabet Atash , Juliano Anthony , Lu Lisa H. , Napier T. Celeste , French Audrey L. , Yang Shaolin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to understand the effects of HIV and cocaine dependence (CD) on discrete aspects of executive functioning via the Stroop Color-Word Test and the Trail Making Test (TMT). We recruited 101 participants (26 HIV+/CD+; 18 HIV+/CD-; 30 HIV-/CD+; and 27 HIV-/CD-. Methods: We utilized a series of 2 (HIV: yes/no) × 2 (Cocaine: yes/no) ANCOVA’s while controlling for age and premorbid intelligence on the Stroop trials (i.e., color-naming, word reading, interference), and ANOVA’s were used to test for group differences on TMT-A and TMT-B z-scores, the number of errors, and the B/A ratio score. Results: We found a significant main effect of HIV on the Stroop Interference (p = 0.012) and the TMT B/A ratio (p = 0.017), these findings are consistent with difficulties in cognitive flexibility. On the Color-Naming and Interference trials, individuals with CD made significantly more errors than non-users (p = 0.028), demonstrating difficulties with inhibition. Conclusions: Our results show HIV and CD are associated with different underlying cognitive processes which impact overall executive functioning. Understanding the different cognitive factors impacting executive functioning can help formulate tailored treatment recommendations and targeted interventions for people living with HIV and those with cocaine dependence.
Proposing a New Strategy of Combining Machine Learning With Controlling The Cross-Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in The ICU
Authors: Qian Zou , Kaihong Fei , Mei Kang , Xianchen Li , Mengyuan Ding , Miaomiao Geng , Yanhong Zhu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) have become a global threat to public health. MDROs normally are transmitted from patient to patient via the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs). The key management of MDROs is control of dissemination as soon as possible.Method: We established a bedside prediction tool based simply on experiences. According to the result of this predictive rule, we took a series of precautions in a general intensive care unit (ICU) from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, in only one ward experimentally. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients between two wards to assess the efficiency of the routine care practice by performing different comparisons.Results: A total of 636 patients were admitted in the ICU setting. After comparing two wards in hospital expenses and length of ICU stay, there were no significant differences. Precautions contributed to the association between room number and status of MDRO infection/colonization (p=0.033), and the infection/colonization rate of MDROs was significantly different between the two wards (p=0.006). The median of the length of clinical culture testing is 3.4 days.Conclusion: Clinical culture testing is time-consuming. Advanced routine care practice controlled the cross-transmission of MDROs to some extent. This study highlights that a predicting model of MDROs is badly needed. Future researchers can engage in updating the predictive model focusing from machine learning-based risk algorithms, refer to experts’ experiences and adopt more efficient precautions for strengthening the transmission efficiency.
Establishing Minimal Clinically Important Differences for the Quality of Life Instrument in Patients with Esophageal Cancer QLICP-ES (V2.0) Based on Anchor-Based and Distribution-Based Methods
Authors: Wu Ting , Ren Dandan , Qi Yanbo , Fang Yujing , Zhong Jiudi , Li Gaofeng , wan chonghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is an important phrase with big appeal in a field strug­gling to interpret quality of life (QOL) and other patient-reported outcomes (PRO), is also a bridge between statistics and clinical medicine. This paper is aimed to determine the MCID of esophageal cancer scale among Quality of Life Instruments system for Cancer Patients, QLICP-ES (V2.0). Methods: According to the scoring rule of QLICP-ES (V2.0), the scores of each domain and the overall of the scale were calculated. The MCID values of this scale were established by anchor-based and distribution-based methods. Two criteria A (improves one level after treatments) and B (at least improves one levels after treatments) were defined treatments effects in anchor-based methods, while methods of ES, SEM and RCI were used in distribution-based methods. Results: Using the anchor-based method, according to standard A, the MCID values of physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, common symptom and side-effects domain, the specific domain and the overall were 15.1, 4.4, 3.1, 6.7, 8.5 and 6.0 respectively. According to standard B, the MCID values of above domains and the overall were 19.3, 4.2, 4.8, 7.7, 9.5 and 7.5 respectively. Under the distribution-based methods, the MCID values above calculated by each method (ES, SEM and RCI) are in different ranges from 1.1 to 13.3. Conclusion: All methods have its own advantages and disadvantages to develop the MCID values, so it is necessary to develop the MCID values of QLICP-ES (V2.0) comprehensively with a variety of methods considering the actual situation.
The Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional T2 Weighted Imaging-based Radiomic Signatures for the Preoperative Discrimination of Ovarian Borderline Tumors and Epithelial Cancer.
Authors: Liu Xuefen , Wang Tianping , Zhang Guofu , Hua Keqin , Duan Shaofeng , Jin Jun , Zhang He 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurate discrimination between ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) and malignancies with imaging play an important role in management.Methods: A total of 95 patients with pathologically proven ovarian BOTs and 101 patients with malignancies were retrospectively included in this study. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the signatures derived from T2WI-based radiomics in their ability to differentiate between BOTs and malignancies and compared the performance differences in the 2D and 3D segmentation models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and machine learning processing.Results: The radiomics score between BOTs and malignancies in four types of selected T2WI-based radiomics models differed significantly at the statistical level (p < 0.0001). For the classification between BOTs and malignant masses, the 2D and 3D coronal T2WI-based radiomics models yielded accuracy values of 0.79 and 0.83 in the testing group, respectively; the 2D and 3D sagittal fat-suppressed (fs) T2WI-based radiomics models yielded an accuracy of 0.78 and 0.99, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that T2WI-based radiomic features were highly correlated with ovarian tumor subtype classification. 3D-sagittal MRI radiomics features may help clinicians differentiate ovarian BOTs from malignancies with high accuracy (ACC).
Discrepancies in Periodontal Diagnosis and Classification Among Dental Practitioners with Different Educational Backgrounds
Authors: Oh Se-Lim , Yang Ji Seung , Kim Yoon Jeong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The 2017 classification of periodontal disease characterizes the disease with a multidimensional staging and grading system. The purpose of this multicenter study was to examine variations in periodontal diagnosis and classification among dental practitioners with different postgraduate educational backgrounds at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry and the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry using the 2017 classification.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included two cohorts: dental practitioners with periodontal backgrounds (n1 = 31) and those with other educational backgrounds (n2 = 33). The survey instrument contained three periodontal cases presented with the guidelines of the 2017 classification of periodontal disease and an open-ended questionnaire. The participants were asked to review each case and to fill out the questionnaire independently. Fisher’s exact test was conducted to examine the difference and accuracy in responses between the two cohorts. Polychoric correlations were calculated to examine the relation between the level of familiarity with the 2017 classification and the accuracy of the diagnosis and classification.Results: The distribution of item responses was significantly different between the two cohorts regarding only one item, grading for Case 1 (p = 0.01). No significant differences in accuracy between the two cohorts were observed except for two items, grading in Case 1 (p = 0.03) and staging in Case 3 (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in risk factor identification for each case among the two cohorts (p = 1.00, Case 1; p = 0.22, Case 2). Staging in Case 3 (ṕ = 0.52) and risk factor identification in Case 2 (ṕ = 0.32) were significantly correlated with familiarity with the 2017 classification.Conclusion: A fair level of agreement in periodontal diagnosis and classification was observed among dental practitioners with different educational backgrounds when the 2017 classification was used. The periodontal cohort showed better agreement levels and partially better accuracy. Risk factor identification for periodontal disease was difficult regardless of the educational background.
Multi-dimensional strategic approach to the communicable diseases with systemic risks by using IT2 fuzzy decision-making modelling
Authors: Wang Shubin , Yang Peiqing , Yüksel Serhat , Dinçer Hasan , Ubay Gözde Gülseven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Communicable diseases lead to significant social and financial burden for the countries. Therefore, countries should define their social and technical factors for struggling these problems. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effective strategies to minimize socio-economic burden of these diseases.Methods: For this purpose, 8 different criteria are identified based on the literature analysis. In the evaluation process, the significance levels of these factors are calculated by considering interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) DEMATEL. Results: The results show that technological infrastructure, social distance, and tendency of obeying rules are the most significant items to control these problems. This situation explains that countries should have the necessary equipment to make the diagnosis quickly and effectively. In addition, countries that have effective laboratories in which vaccines and drugs can be developed can be more successful in combating these pandemics. Additionally, it is also defined that cultural factors play also key role to control these problems. Conclusions: In this framework, it is vital that the people in the country take the rules set by the government seriously and without exception. For this purpose, it should be explained to citizens living in the country that personal hygiene, social distance and not entering crowded environments are very important to manage these problems. For this purpose, role model people in the country can be preferred in different platforms so that it can be more effective on the citizens.
Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy In ICU Admissions: Prevalence, Early Risk of Death, and its Early Prevent and Control
Authors: Tong Dao-Ming , Wang Shao-Dan , Wang Yuan-Wei , Wang Ying , Gu Yuan-Yuan , Zhao Yong-Juan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common encephalopathy in ICU. We are to definite whether SAE present an high prevalence rate and early risk factors for death in ICU 48 hours, while to cognize its important of early prevention/ control.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute critically ill from ICU (January, 2015 to January, 2017). All patients were selected from onset to ICU ≤3 hours. The prevalence and some early risk factors of death in SAE was estimated by using a continuous head and thorax /abdominal cavity CT scans. Results: 748 critically ill adults were analyzed. The prevalence of sepsis within initial 48 hours was 40.4% (302/748). The median time from infection to sepsis was 9 hours ( range, 1-48 ). The SAE (93.4%, 282/302) was diagnosed in sepsis patients, and most of them (96.8%) presented multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). While the fatality of SAE was in 32.0% at initial 48 hours and 69.1% at initial 14 days. Cox regression analysis, unused antibiotic within initial 3 hours (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89), severe inflammatory storm (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58- 0.94), lower GCS (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6), and MODS (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.26-0.96) were early risk factors for death in SAE. Early risk factors for predicting SAE were related to severe inflammatory storm (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 2.28-4.33), MODS (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.73- 4.67), and unused antibiotics within initial 3 hours (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.56).Conclusions: SAE in ICU is an high prevalent acute brain dysfunction and most with MODS. The early bad prognosis in SAE was related to the failure of early prevention and control.
The effect of eight exercises on reaction and response times in older people
Authors: karimimoghadam Helia , Cavan Mehrangiz Azmoun , Karbasi Golaleh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose

the physical activities have a lot of effects on the improvement of cognitive and motor performance. The purpose of this study is to survey the effect of exercise and physical activities on the reaction and response times (or durations) in older people.
Methodology:

the method of the study is casual-comparative and its statistic society were consisted of older people of Sanandaj that among them, 30 inactive persons were randomly selected and 30 active and available persons were also selected and their reaction and response times were measured. The reaction time was measured by the reaction timer made by Takei Company (model YB1000) and response time was measured through the movement and response field test of Nelson's selection. The reaction time was firstly and then the response time was measured. For data analysis from the descriptive statistics, the K-S test and T- independent test were used.
Results

Kolmogorov - Smirnov test revealed that study results have normal distribution. According to the study results, exercise and physical activity have positive effect on reaction and response times so that the results of T independent test showed that the active group has meaningfully lower reaction time (P = 0.000) and response time (P = 0.0.000) than the inactive group.
Conclusion

the results of this study showed that exercise and physical activities lead to the decrement in reaction and response times through the positive physiological and psychomotor changes.
CO2 emissions mitigation among energy importers and energy exporters along BRI countries. What role do renewable energy and nuclear energy play
Authors: Wu Jiying , Abban Olivier Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In achieving the goal of sustainable development (Goal 13), United Nations has related global warming to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. Emissions of carbon dioxide, are known to be the biggest contributor to global warming. Hence this study disaggregates energy consumption that is Nuclear energy, renewable energy and fossil fuel consumption and investigates their impact on CO2 emissions along the Belt and Road Initiative. Methods: This paper determined the cross-sectional dependency and utilized second generation panel unit root test for precise estimation. Westerlund cointegration test was used to determine the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Lastly the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation approach was applied to investigate the long and short run output elasticities between the variables. Results: The results indicates that; for energy importers, CO2 emissions has a significant positive correlation with Fossil fuel and nuclear energy, while renewable energy has a significant negative correlation with CO2 emissions. For energy exporting countries, a significant positive two-way relationship amidst Fossil fuel and CO2 emissions, and a significant negative one-way causal relationship from nuclear energy and renewable energy unto CO2 emissions. Conclusion: The results clearly show that in all panel grouping renewable energy contribute negatively on CO2 emissions, thus more implant of renewable system is need along the belt and road initiative. These recent methodologies employed and findings revealed that in a pollution reduction tender, causal affiliations are affected in a tender to reduce emissions along with long and short-term estimated effects among employed variables by the energy groupings of Belt and Road countries.
Olopatidine and Ketorolac Vs Olopatidine Alone in Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis [Combination Vs Single Drug Therapy Study]
Authors: Parajuli Sanket , Shrestha Ruchi , Chapagain Senny , singh Prerana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the therapeutic effects of combination of Olopatidine and Ketorolac vs Olopatidine alone (0.1% Olopatidine hydrochloride and 0.5% Ketorolac tromethamine) in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC).Methods: 200 patients with the signs and symptoms of SAC (i.e. hyperaemia, itching, mucus discharge, tearing) were included in this study. In group 1 (100 patients) each patient was treated with “olopatadine and Ketorolac” and group 2 patients were treated with Olopatidine alone. The principle signs and symptoms of SAC (hyperaemia, itching, watering and photophobia) were evaluated at day 0, day 7, day 15 and day 21 by using a 4 point scale. Mean scores of each of the parameters were calculated using paired t test.Results: When the mean scores of Group 1 (Olopatidine plus Ketorolac) were compared to the scores of Group 2 (Olopatidine only) the mean scores of hyperaemia, itching and watering were found to be lower in Group 1, indicating better therapeutic effectiveness with a significant difference statistically (p<0.05%) on day 7,day 15 and on day 21.Conclusions: Olopatadine and Ketorolac combination therapy is an effective treatment for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis when compared to Olopatidine alone.