bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐plane epicanthoplasty in Chinese blepharoplasty
Authors: Mao Rui , Zhou Lu , Yu Lu , Wang Tailing , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ethnically characteristic upper eyelids of many Chinese individuals include medial epicanthal folds, substantial fatty tissue, a laxity of pretarsal skin, and a lack of superior palpebral folds. Different epicanthoplasty techniques have been described in the literature. However, postoperative medial canthal scarring remains a concern.ObjectivesThis article introduces a novel technique that minimizes the risk of postoperative canthal scarring.MethodsDual‐plane epicanthoplasty involves an advanced skin flap and a rotation skin flap, which are, respectively, distributed on the outer skin lining and inner skin lining and belong to the different three‐dimensional planes of the epicanthus. The dense connective fibers located between the skin and the orbicularis oculi muscle were completely released. In the final steps, the upper advanced triangle flap was anchored in the direction of the lacrimal caruncle and the lower rotation triangular flap was anchored to the nasal skin.ResultsFrom January 2016 to September 2018, 216 patients were enrolled in the cohort undergoing dual‐plane epicanthoplasty, with 172 patients undergoing the concomitant double eyelidplasty. For 206 of the cases, follow‐up lasted for over 6 months, with a median time of 11 months. Except for one patient (0.49%) who may need a revision procedure for a prominent scar, all other patients (99.51%) achieved natural and cosmetically desirable appearances with adequate lacrimal caruncle exposure and minimal postoperative medial canthal scaring.ConclusionDual‐plane epicanthoplasty, with or without double eyelidplasty, is a novel and effective surgical technique modified for Chinese patients with good esthetic outcomes.
Restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing data reveal a radiation of willow species (SalixL., Salicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas
Authors: He Li , Wagner Natascha Dorothea , Hörandl Elvira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in China are an important hotspot of plant diversity and endemism, and are considered to be a secondary diversification center for the woody plant genusSalixL. (Salicaceae). Here we aimed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of theSalix Chamaetia‐Vetrixclade in the HDM and to test for the occurrence of a local radiation. We inferred phylogenetic relationships based on more than 34 000 restriction‐site associated DNA loci from 27 species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered a well‐resolved tree topology with two major clades, the Eurasian clade and the HDM clade, with a divergence time of ca. 23.9 Ma. Species in the HDM clade originated in the northern part of the range and adjacent areas, and then dispersed into the southern HDM, westwards to the Himalayas and eastwards to the Qinling Mountains. Niche modelling analyses reveal that range contractions occurred in the northern areas during the last glacial maximum, while southward expansions resulted in range overlaps. Reconstructions of character evolution related to plant height, inflorescence, and flower morphology suggest that adaptations to altitudinal distribution contributed to the diversification of the HDM willows. Our data support the occurrence of a radiation in the HDM within theSalix Chamaetia‐Vetrixclade. Dispersal within the mountain system, and to adjacent regions, in addition to survival in glacial refugia shaped the biogeographical history of the clade, while adaptations of the HDM willows along an altitudinal gradient could be important ecological factors explaining the high species diversity ofSalixin this area.
Evangelical Environmentalists? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Smith Amy Erica , Veldman Robin Globus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile scholarship on the relationship between religions and environmental attitudes has been inconclusive, evangelical Protestants present an exception: they consistently report less environmental concern than other groups. However, prior studies have largely been conducted in the United States. Following a recent “contextual” turn, we revisit the assumption that universal cognitive and doctrinal factors drive the previously documented negative association between evangelicalism and environmental concern. Leveraging qualitative fieldwork, nationally representative surveys, and a survey experiment from Brazil, we find that evangelical and Pentecostal affiliation and church attendance are not associated with reduced environmental concern; that members of these groups simultaneously embrace otherworldly beliefs and advocate for this‐worldly solutions to environmental problems; and that being primed to consider divine intervention increased support for environmental protection. Even in a tradition emphasizing orthodoxy, doctrine appears not to exert a universal influence, a finding we suggest results from different issue frames in the United States and Brazil.
Impact of Sensory Processing on School Performance Outcomes in High Functioning Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Butera Christiana , Ring Priscilla , Sideris John , Jayashankar Aditya , Kilroy Emily , Harrison Laura , Cermak Sharon , Aziz‐Zadeh Lisa 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDifficulty processing sensory information may impede progress in school for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explore the relationship between sensory processing and school performance in 26 high‐functioning youths with ASD and 26 controls (age 8–14) using measures of sensory, social, cognitive, and academic functioning. In the ASD group, bivariate Pearson correlations indicated a significant positive relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and the School Competence Scale (SCS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and a significant negative relationship between Dunn's Sensory Processing Framework and SCS scores. Final hierarchical multiple linear regression model accounting for SCS scores in ASD included IQ, ADHD symptoms, and sensory features. An interaction between increased sensory sensitivity with reduced sensory avoidance behaviors explained the greatest amount of variance in SCS, meaning school performance is lowest for children with greater hypersensitivity and fewer avoidance behaviors. Results indicate a strong impact of sensory processing on school performance in
ASD.
Balanced, positive, and negative attributions: A preliminary investigation of a novel attribution coding system and associated affect and social behavior in children with disruptive behavior
Authors: Kil Hali , Propp Lee , De Luca Anthony , Andrade Brendan F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch on children's social information processing (SIP) has mainly focused on negative attributions in peer provocation and rejection situations. The potential of balanced attributions—attributing both positive and negative intent—and of positive attributions has not been explored. We conducted a series of regressions to examine balanced, positive, and negative attributions and links to affective response and socioemotional functioning in 8 to 12 year old (M = 10.30; SD = 1.09; N = 111) that were clinic‐referred for disruptive behavior. Children's responses to hypothetical situations resulting in ambiguous‐positive and ambiguous‐negative situations were coded for positive, negative, or balanced attribution or affect. Caregivers reported on children's social and emotional functioning. Results indicated that a proportion of children (21.6%) made at least one balanced attribution in both types of situations. Affective responses tended to be in line with attribution style, with positive attribution linked to positive affect, balanced attribution linked to mixed affect, and negative attribution linked to negative affect. Children making positive attributions in ambiguous‐positive situations and balanced attributions across situations tended to have less negative functioning and more positive functioning. Reconsideration of attribution coding schemes to include balanced and positive attributions may guide theoretically important and novel directions in SIP research.
An unusual variant glycophorin expressing protease‐resistant M antigen encoded by the GYPB‐E(2‐4)‐B hybrid gene
Authors: Tsuneyama Hatsue , Isa Kazumi , Watanabe‐Okochi Naoko , Ogasawara Kenichi , Uchikawa Makoto , Satake Masahiro 
Published: April 2020

Background and objectivesMNS is a highly polymorphic blood group comprising 49 antigens recognized by International Society of Blood Transfusion, some of which may have been generated by genomic recombination among the closely linked genes GYPA, GYPB and GYPE. The GYPE gene has an almost identical sequence to GYPA*01 allele in exon 2 (99% homology), which accounts for M antigen. We investigated an unusual glycophorin molecule with protease‐resistant M antigen.MethodsBlood samples were screened by an automated blood typing system (PK7300) using bromelain‐treated red blood cells (RBCs) and murine monoclonal anti‐M. The M‐positive RBC samples were analysed by immunoblotting using anti‐M as the primary antibody. GYPA, GYPB and GYPE genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and sequencing using reticulocyte mRNA and genomic DNA.ResultsSerological tests and immunoblotting revealed that 103 of the 193 009 individuals (0·0534%) expressed protease‐resistant M‐active glycophorin having a molecular weight of 20 kDa. All the 103 individuals were S+ s− or S− s+. When reticulocyte mRNA from the individuals with M‐active glycophorin (20 kDa) was examined by PCR and cloning followed by sequencing, a novel GYPE‐B hybrid transcript was identified. Long‐range PCR and sequencing using genomic DNA revealed that the individuals had a GYPB‐E(2‐4)‐B hybrid gene. This hybrid gene was predicted to encode a 59‐amino‐acid mature glycoprotein that expresses no S or s antigensConclusionsThe prevalence of the M‐active glycophorin (20 kDa) in the Japanese population is 0·0534%. This glycophorin is predicted to be a 59 amino acids polypeptide encoded by the novel GYPB‐E(2‐4)‐B hybrid gene.
Heating Protocol Design Affected by Nanoparticle Redistribution and Thermal Damage Model in Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Gu Qimei , Ma Ronghui , Zhu Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent micro-CT scans have demonstrated a much larger magnetic nanoparticle distribution volume in tumors after localized heating than those without heating, suggesting possible heating-induced nanoparticle migration. In this study, a theoretical simulation was performed on tumors injected with magnetic nanoparticles to evaluate the extent to which the nanoparticle redistribution affects the temperature elevation and thermal dosage required to cause permanent thermal damage to PC3 tumors. 0.1 cc of a commercially available ferrofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles was injected directly to the center of PC3 tumors. The control group consisted of four PC3 tumors resected after the intratumoral injection, while the experimental group consisted of another four PC3 tumors injected with ferrofluid and resected after 25 min of local heating. The micro-CT scan generated tumor model was attached to a mouse body model. The blood perfusion rates in the mouse body and PC3 tumor were first extracted based on the experimental data of average mouse surface temperatures using an infrared camera. A previously determined relationship between nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle-induced volumetric heat generation rate was implemented into the theoretical simulation. Simulation results showed that the average steady-state temperature elevation in the tumors of the control group is higher than that in the experimental group where the nanoparticles are more spreading from the tumor center to the tumor periphery (control group: 70.6±4.7 °C versus experimental group: 69.2±2.6 °C). Further, we assessed heating time needed to cause permanent thermal damage to the entire tumor, based on the nanoparticle distribution in each tumor. The more spreading of nanoparticles to tumor periphery in the experimental group resulted in a much longer heating time than that in the control group. The modified thermal damage model by Dr. John Pearce led to almost the same temperature elevation distribution; however, the required heating time was at least 24% shorter than that using the traditional Arrhenius integral, despite the initial time delay. The results from this study suggest that in future simulation, the heating time needed when considering dynamic nanoparticle migration during heating is probably between 19 and 29 min based on the Pearce model. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the importance of including dynamic nanoparticle spreading during heating and accurate thermal damage model into theoretical simulation of temperature elevations in tumors to determine thermal dosage needed in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia design.
Stretching-Induced Thermal Conductivity Change in Shape-Memory Polymer Composites
Authors: Hostler Stephen R. , Peswani Mohnish , Yang Han , Paul Harrison , Rowan Stuart J. , Abramson Alexis R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractActive thermal materials like thermal diodes, regulators, and switches have the potential to revolutionize thermal management, creating an opportunity for significant energy savings. We present results on a proposed thermal switching composite that changes its thermal conductivity based on applied strain. The composite is constructed of highly crystalline, high aspect ratio cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanorods embedded in a shape-memory polymer matrix. The properties of the matrix allow for changes to the mechanical state to be indefinitely retained and also for the state to be reversed; this work is the first step in demonstrating that the thermal state exhibits similar reversibility. Measurements of the neat matrix polymer show a factor of three increase in thermal conductivity with applied strain up 100% and abrupt decrease beyond this strain level. A twofold increase in the thermal conductivity is achieved for the proof-of-concept composite at 100% strain. By comparing the measured results to a Maxwell mixing model, the primary drivers of the thermal conductivity change are traced to changes in crystallinity of the matrix and CNC alignment.
A Novel Means Combining Corona Discharge and Electrostatic Force-Induced Vibration for Convective Heat Transfer
Authors: Tsui Yeng-Yung , Wei Ting-Kai , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new design, not reported in the existing literature, combining features of ionic wind and mechanical vibration to induce appreciable airflow is developed. Its feasibility is demonstrated in a cooling system to enhance heat transfer. Ionic wind is generated using a thin, flexible plate as the emitting electrode and a heated, vertical plate as the collecting electrode. By placing a metal inductor close to the discharge electrode, an electrostatic field is formed. The electrode is attracted and thus moves toward the inductor owing to the electrostatic force created. To sustain periodic oscillation and produce large vibrational amplitudes, the inductor is grounded using current-limiting resistors. Vibrational characteristics are highly dependent on the corona voltage, resistance of the resistor, and position of the induction plate, which are examined in the experiments. It was found that the heat transfer enhancement is not improved at high corona voltages because the ionic wind overwhelms the mechanical effect of vibration. The vibrational effect becomes more prominent at low corona voltages with which the electrical field created by the corona discharge is not so intense. The maximum increase of heat transfer coefficient over that without vibration can be as large as 13.4% at the lowest corona voltage considered in the tests.
Experimental and Analytical Strength Characterization of an Ultrasonic Welded Lap Shear Joint
Authors: Ibekwe Samuel , Mensah Patrick F. , Joshi Ghanashyam , Li Guoqiang , Stubblefield Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An experimental study on ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic, which is a prelude to study how the technology can be adapted to join composite materials, was conducted. Three sets of specimen were studied to investigate the influence of energy guide on the bonded specimen. No major statistical difference between the ‘energy guides’ of the tested thermoplastic Celuka™ coupons were noted. Failure of the welded specimen was by shear at the interface. A 75% drop in strength for the bonded material was observed.
Deformation and Fracture Characteristics of Cenosphere Filled Epoxies Under Compressive Loading Conditions
Authors: Gupta Nikhil , Woldesenbet Eyassu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Close cell structured foams are made by incorporation of cenospheres in polymeric materials. Low moisture absorption characteristics and considerably higher compressive strength of these materials compared to open cell structured foams make them suitable for use as core materials in sandwich structured materials. Incorporation of cenospheres in the epoxy resins enhances their impact strength and damage tolerance, especially if these materials are used in sandwich configurations. Present study analyzes and compares the effect of incorporation of cenospheres like flyash and glass microballoons in the epoxy resins on the deformation and fracture behavior of the material. Approach based on determination of local stress intensity factors is used to obtain estimate of the stresses in the material.
Development of New International Standards for Composite Piping Systems for the Marine and Offshore Oil and Gas Industries
Authors: Lea Richard H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development of international standards for composite piping systems that are used in the Marine and Offshore Oil & Gas Industries is a recognized customer need. These industries are global in nature. It is not uncommon to see project specifications written in London and Houston, fabrication of the vessel hull in a Korean yard, topsides construction in Indonesia and project location off the coast of West Africa. Operator supplied specifications could come from The Netherlands, France, Norway as well as numerous other countries. In addition, certifying agencies such as ABS, Lloyds or DNV could be involved that must follow international maritime rules and regulations.
A concerted effort has been made within the past five years to address these issues. Operators worldwide have come together with composite pipe manufacturers, engineering firms and certifying agencies to develop international standards that address these issues.
Anyone considering the use of composite piping in the Marine and/or Offshore Oil & Gas Industries should consider the ASTM and ISO Standards that are in the final stages of development.
ASTMF-1173 Rewrite is a purchasing document that is being balloted at the present time. It was developed by ASTM F25.13.03 workgroup.
ISO WD 15840 is the international version of ASTM F-1173 Rewrite. It has been circulated to the international community for comments. It was developed by ISO/TC8/SC3/WG4.
ISO WD 14692 is a rewrite of original United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) document that was adopted in March 1994. It has been circulated to the international community for comments and is in it’s final stage of development. It was developed by ISO/TC 67/SC 6/WG 5. This document is an engineering specification and recommended practice document.
When finalized and passed by the various committees ISO 15840 and ISO 14692 should be used in conjunction with each other. They are compatible documents based on performance criteria.
It is the opinion of many who have been in the composite pipe business for over 20 years that these are the most important documents ever developed by our industry. They are grossly overdue.
However, while standards are a recognized customer need, standards that are not fully understood by operators, piping engineers and installation teams can be dangerous and misinterpreted. Knowledge of the unique properties of composite materials must be a perquisite to those using these standards.
Standards that are not fully understood in the hands of the uneducated is a formula for disaster.
Developing a Design Envelope for Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Piping Systems According to ISO 14692
Authors: Schmit Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There are many methods available for designing GRP (glass reinforced plastic) piping systems for internal pressure. These include short term methods such as those found in ASME RTP-1 and long term methods such as ASTM D2996. Other standards, such as ASME B31.3, ASTM F1173, and ABS Rules for Steel Vessels and MODUs, provide options for both long term and short term methods. ASME RTP-1 goes one step further by allowing a design process based on design calculations only.
This paper will provide the details for designing GRP piping systems according to a new standard, ISO 14692. This method involves generating a design envelope to address all stresses from the design conditions of the system. This paper will also provide a comparison of this method’s advantages and disadvantages to other standards currently in use.
An Investigation of Slug Flow in Hilly Terrain Pipelines
Authors: Bagci Suat , Al-Shareef Adel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two-phase flow in hilly terrain pipelines can cause significant practical operating problems. When slugs flow in a hilly terrain pipeline that contains sections of different inclinations they undergo a change of length and slug flow characteristics as the slug move from section to section. In addition, slugs can be generated at low elbows, dissipate at top elbows and shrink or grow in length as they travel along the pipe.
A mathematical model and a computer program was developed to simulate these phenomena. The model was based on the sink/source concept at the pipeline connections. A connection between two pipeline sections of different slopes was conveniently called elbow. An elbow accumulates liquid as a sink, and releases liquid as a source. The sink/source has a characteristic capacity of its own. This capacity is positive if the liquid can indeed be accumulated at the elbow or negative if the liquid is actually drained away from the elbow. This type of treatment effectively isolates the flow upstream from an elbow from that downstream, while still allowing flow interactions between two detailed pipeline sections. The hydrodynamic flow model was also used to calculate the film liquid holdup in horizontal and inclined pipelines. The model can successfully predict the liquid film holdup if the liquid film height is assumed to be uniform through the gas pocket. Many other models were used to calculate all the needed parameters to perform the sink/source model.
The overall effect of a hill or terrain on slug flow depends on the operating flow rates and pipeline configurations. For special case of near constant slug frequency corresponding to moderately high superficial liquid and gas velocities, this effect was found to be small. The changes in the film characteristics between two adjacent pipeline sections were found to be mostly responsible for the pseudo-slug generation, slug growth and dissipation in the downstream pipeline sections. The film liquid holdup decreased with increasing pipe diameter. The unit slug length increased at the upstream inclined pipes and decreased at the downstream inclined pipes with increasing pipe diameter. The possibility of pseudo-slug generation was increased at large pipe diameters even at high sink capacities. At low sink capacities, no pseudo-slugs were generated at high superficial velocities. The slug flow characteristics was more effected by low superficial gas and liquid velocities, large pipe diameters and shallow pipeline inclinations.