bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratum corneum levels of inflammatory mediators and natural moisturizing factor in patch test reactions to thiurams and fragrances and their possible role in discrimination between irritant and allergic reactions to hapten mixtures
Authors: Brans Richard , Jakasa Ivone , Goc Sanja , John Swen M. , Kezic Sanja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatch test (PT) reactions to thiuram mix (TM) and fragrance mix (FM) I or II without concomitant reactions to their single constituents are potentially caused by the irritant properties of the mixes.ObjectiveComparing inflammatory profiles of PT reactions to TM, FM I, FM II, and their constituents and assessing their potential in discrimination of irritant and allergic reactions.Patients and MethodsLevels of 14 cytokines and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) were determined in stratum corneum samples collected from PT reactions to TM, FM I or II, their constituents, and petrolatum (pet.) control sites in 36 individuals.ResultsLevels of interleukin (IL)‐16, chemokine (CXC motif) ligand (CXCL) 8, CXCL10, chemokine (CC motif) ligand (CCL) 17, and CCL22 were significantly increased in reactions (+, ++) to thiurams and fragrances compared to their petrolatum. controls, except for PT reactions to FM I/II with negative breakdown testing in which, however, decreased levels of NMF were observed. In doubtful reactions to FM I/II with negative breakdown testing, NMF was significantly lower than in petrolatum controls.ConclusionsPT reactions to thiurams and fragrances indicate a Th2‐skewed inflammation. The inflammatory profiles suggest that weak or doubtful FM I/II reactions without accompanying reaction to a constituent were irritant. IL‐16 might be suitable to distinguish irritant from allergic reaction.
The Irish experience of kidney transplantation among recipients with prior non‐renal solid organ transplants: A retrospective study on short‐ and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Ferede Atakelet A. , O'Connell Clare , Davis Niall F. , Mohan Ponnusamy , Robertson Ian , O'Kelly Patrick , Little Dilly M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate allograft and patient outcomes among recipients of kidney transplants after non‐renal solid organ transplants. We also aim to compare our findings with recipients of a repeat kidney transplant.MethodsWe performed an analysis on kidney transplant recipients who underwent kidney transplantation after a non‐renal solid organ transplant. Survival data were stratified into 2 groups: Group A (n = 37) consisted of recipients of a kidney transplant after prior non‐renal solid organ transplant, and Group B (n = 330) consisted of recipients of a repeat kidney transplant.ResultsThe 1‐,5‐, and 10‐year graft survival (death‐censored) for recipients of a kidney transplant post–non‐renal solid organ transplant (Group A) were 97.3%, 91.5%, and 86.9%, compared with 97.9%, 90.2%, and 83.4% for recipients of a repeat kidney transplant (Group B) (p = .32). The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year patient survival rates were 97.3%, 82.7%, and 79.1% in Group A compared to 97.9%, 90.2%, and 83.4% in Group B. Unadjusted overall patient survival was significantly lower for Group A (p = .017).ConclusionKidney transplant recipients who have undergone a previous non‐renal solid organ transplant have similar allograft survival outcomes, but higher long‐term mortality rates compared to repeat kidney transplant recipients.
Early protocol computer tomography and endovascular interventions in pancreas transplantation
Authors: Byrne Matthew H. V. , Battle Joseph , Sewpaul Avinash , Tingle Samuel , Thompson Emily , Brookes Marcus , Innes Ailsa , Turner Paul , White Steven A. , Manas Derek M. , Wilson Colin H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly vascular complications following pancreatic transplantation are not uncommon (3%–8%). Typically, cross‐sectional imaging is requested in response to clinical change. We instituted a change in protocol to request imaging pre‐emptively to identify patients with thrombotic complications.MethodsIn 2013, protocol computer tomography angiography (CTA) at days 3–5 and day 10 following pancreas transplantation was introduced. A retrospective analysis of all pancreas transplants performed at our institution from January 2001 to May 2019 was undertaken.ResultsA total of 115 patients received pancreas transplants during this time period. A total of 78 received pancreas transplant without routine CTA and 37 patients with the new protocol. Following the change in protocol, we detected a high number of subclinical thromboses (41.7%). There was a significant decrease in invasive intervention for thrombosis (78.6% before vs 30.8% after, p = .02), and graft survival was significantly higher (61.5% before vs 86.1% after, p = .04). There was also a significant reduction in the number of graft failures (all‐cause) where thrombosis was present (23.4% before vs 5.6% after, p = .02). Patient survival was unaffected (p = .48).ConclusionsImplementation of early protocol CTA identifies a large number of patients with subclinical graft thromboses that are more amenable to conservative management and significantly reduces the requirement for invasive intervention.
The utility of thrombophilia and hematologic screening in live liver donation
Authors: Naymagon Leonard , Tremblay Douglas , Facciuto Marcelo , Lapointe Rudow Dianne , Schiano Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost centers perform some degree of hematologic screening, including thrombophilia testing, on prospective live liver donors. The nature and extent of such screens are not standardized, and there is limited evidence regarding hematologic risk stratification.Methods and ResultsWe present an experience of hematologic screening among prospective liver donors. Five‐hundred‐eightyfour patients were screened for liver donation between 1/2013 and 1/2020, of whom 156 (27%) proceeded to donor hepatectomy. Thirty‐three of 428 (8%) declined patients were excluded for hematologic indications. Hematologic indications were the 2nd most frequent medical indications for exclusion (trailing only hepatologic indications). The most common reason for hematologic exclusion was concern regarding thrombophilia. Nevertheless, 21 patients with evidence of possible thrombophilia proceeded to donor hepatectomy, and none incurred hematologic complications. Similarly, seven patients with screening findings concerning for increased bleeding risk (most often thrombocytopenia) underwent donor hepatectomy without hematologic complication. Three of 156 (2%) of patients who underwent donor hepatectomy incurred a hematologic complication (all thrombotic, none fatal). None of these patients had any evident hematologic risk factor on screening.ConclusionThis study underscores the difficulty of hematologic risk stratification among prospective living donors, however, suggests that some patients with relatively mild risk factors may be safe for donation.
Image guidance using two‐dimensional illustrations and three‐dimensional modeling of donor anatomy during living donor hepatectomy
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Kim Mi Seung , Kim Jong Man , Joh Jae‐Won 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor living donor liver transplantation, preoperative imaging is required for the safety of both the donor and the recipient. We previously initiated our image‐guidance program using two‐dimensional illustrations and three‐dimensional modeling in September 2018; herein, we analyzed the resultant changes in the clinical outcomes.MethodsLiving donors and recipients who underwent liver transplantation between September 2017 and August 2019 were included. Cases with image guidance were compared to those without image guidance regarding the operative outcome, especially bile‐duct opening in the graft as well as surgical complications.ResultsAmong 200 living donor transplantation, 90 transplantations were completed with image guidance. The image‐guidance group had a higher rate of laparoscopy (80.9% vs. 97.8%; p < .001) as compared with the group without image guidance. Although there was no difference in the type of bile duct (p = .144), more grafts with single bile‐duct openings were found in the image‐guidance group (52.7% vs. 80.0%; p = .001). Consequently, achievements in bile‐duct openings were superior in the image‐guidance group (p = .022). There were no differences in bile leakage, graft failure, or number of deaths during the first month post‐transplantation.ConclusionAs we initiated our image‐guidance program for living donor liver transplantation, clinical outcomes, especially bile‐duct division, were improved relative to before implementation.
Case and review: Cutaneous involvement by chronic neutrophilic leukemia vs Sweet syndrome‐ A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Hobbs Landon K. , Carr Patrick C. , Gru Alejandro A. , Flowers Richard H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare leukemia with approximately 150 total cases reported. Cutaneous neutrophilic infiltrates, including Sweet syndrome (SS) and leukemia cutis (LC), have been reported in six patients with CNL. In the setting of CNL, these two conditions are difficult to differentiate due to clinical and histopathological similarities, but it is important to do so because LC is associated with a worse prognosis. In general, SS is distinguished by its tenderness, fever, and improvement with steroids (vs chemotherapy for LC). Biopsy of LC reveals immature leukocytes, whereas SS shows almost exclusively mature leukocytes, but morphology alone may not be sufficient in some cases. Here, we report a case of a 72‐year‐old male with CNL and a cutaneous eruption with clinical and pathological features which made the distinction between the two diseases difficult.
The emerging role of deep learning in cytology
Authors: Dey Pranab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is a component or subset of artificial intelligence. DL has contributed significant change in feature extraction and image classification. Various algorithmic models are used in DL such as a convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network, restricted Boltzmann machine, deep belief network and autoencoders. Of these, CNN is the most commonly used algorithm in the field of pathology for feature extraction and building neural network models. DL may be useful for tumour diagnosis, classification of the tumour and grading of the tumour in cytology. In this brief review, the basic concept of the DL and CNN are described. The application, prospects and challenges of the DL in the cytology are also discussed.
The effect of public opinion and politics on attitudes towards pill testing: Results from the 2019 Australian Election Study
Authors: McAllister Ian , Makkai Toni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsFollowing several deaths due to drug overdoses at music festivals in Australia, pill testing (or drug checking) has been proposed as a means of reducing the risk to young people. However, pill testing is a politically controversial policy in Australia. This paper examines the political dimension to the debate, its relationship with other social issues and how it divides party supporters.Design and MethodsThe data come from the 2019 Australian Election Study survey—a large (n = 2179), nationally weighted representative probability survey conducted immediately after the federal election. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to identify the social groups, attitudes and vote preferences most associated with public views about pill testing.ResultsAlmost two‐thirds of the public support pill testing at music festivals. The young and those who do not attend church are most likely to express support. Supporters of other liberal social opinions, such as the legalisation of marijuana, are also strongly supportive of pill testing. Those who vote for one of the two main conservative parties are less likely to support pill testing.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile a majority of the public support pill testing, beyond the Australian Capital Territory this has not translated into policy in other jurisdictions. The results show that there is a high level of political polarisation surrounding opinions among both voters and political elites. This issue must be addressed if the policy is to be advanced as part of an overall harm reduction approach to drug use.
Species and genetic diversity patterns show different responses to land use intensity in central European grasslands
Authors: Reisch Christoph , Hartig Florian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimEmpirical studies have often reported parallel patterns of genetic and species diversity, but the strength and generality of this association, as well as its origin, are still debated. Particularly in human‐dominated landscapes with complex histories of land use histories, more complicated and partly diverging patterns have been observed. In this study, we examine whether species and genetic diversity correlate across grasslands with different levels of land use pressure and spatial differentiation in habitat quality and heterogeneity.LocationWe selected eight extensively used (grazed, unfertilized) dry grasslands and eight intensively used (mown, fertilized) hay meadows in southeastern Germany.MethodsWe used vegetation surveys and molecular markers of six widespread dry grassland and six hay meadow plant species to compare species and genetic alpha and beta diversity between the two grassland types.ResultsSpecies diversity patterns expectedly showed higher alpha diversity, stronger spatial structure and less turnover in dry grasslands than in hay meadows. Neither of the corresponding genetic diversity patterns showed the same significant trends.Main conclusionOur results question the idea that species and genetic diversity patterns will always show similar patterns. Likely, genetic and species diversity emerge partly from shared, partly from different processes, including the regional species pool, environmental heterogeneity, fragmentation and land use history. The practical conservation implication is that species and genetic diversity are not generally interchangeable. Looking at species and genetic patterns together, however, may eventually lead to a better understanding of the complex processes that shape the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.
Factors influencing oral anticoagulant use in patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bezabhe Woldesellassie M. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Radford Jan , Wimmer Barbara C. , Curtain Colin , Salahudeen Mohammed S. , Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated factors that influenced oral anticoagulant (OAC) initiation and choice in Australian general practice patients newly diagnosed with AF.MethodsUsing an Australian nationally representative general practice dataset, MedicineInsight, we identified patients newly diagnosed with AF between January 2009 and April 2019. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with OAC initiation and choice.ResultsA total of 63 212 patients with AF (53.7% males, mean age 72.4 years) were identified. Nearly two‐thirds of these patients (40 854 [64.6%]) were initiated on an OAC, at a median time of 6 days after the documented diagnosis date. The proportion of patients who were initiated an OAC increased from 44.8% in 2009 to 72.2% in 2019 (P < .001). High risk of stroke (CHA2DS2‐VASc, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.39 [95% CI, 3.99‐4.83]), low risk of bleeding (ORBIT, AOR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.72‐2.03]), not having a recorded history of dementia (AOR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.65‐1.98]) and male sex (AOR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.22‐1.35]) were independently associated with OAC initiation. Direct‐acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use increased from 11.9% in 2011 to 94.0% of all OAC initiations in April 2019 (P < .001).ConclusionsThe proportion of newly diagnosed patients with AF initiated on OAC increased markedly following the introduction of the DOACs. Of those initiated, 9 in 10 were receiving a DOAC at the end of the study period. There is potential underuse in women and individuals with dementia.
Reporting quality of case reports about dental trauma published in international journals 2008‐2018 assessed by CARE guidelines
Authors: Seguel‐Moraga Paulina , Onetto Juan E. , E. Uribe Sergio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsThe diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma are based primarily on observational evidence and case reports. The aim of this research is to assess the quality of reporting of case reports published from 2008 to 2018 in dental selected journals using the Care Report (CARE) guideline and to assess whether there was a change after publication of the CARE guidelines.MethodsA descriptive study of the publications available on PubMed from specialist journals was conducted. Searches were made for MESh and free keywords associated with dental trauma and tooth injuries. One calibrated evaluator (kappa‐intra = 0.87) using the CARE guidelines (max = 30 points) evaluated all case reports published from 2008 to 2018 in relevant journals. The average score before and after 2013 was compared by t‐test and regression modeling, and the description of each CARE item was analyzed.ResultsThe search found 201 relevant articles published in Dent Traumatol 141 (70.1%), Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 10 (5.0%), Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 16 (8.0%), J Clin Pediatr Dent 19 (9.5%), and Pediatr Dent 15 (7.5%). The mean quality (± standard deviation) was 14.3 (±2.6), and range from 7 to 20. The number and mean (±SD) before the CARE guidelines were n = 171, mean = 14.3 (±2.6) and after the CARE guidelines were n = 30, mean = 14.7 (±2.7), (P = .39, t‐test). No significant differences per journal or origin of the first author were found.ConclusionsThe reporting quality of case reports about dental trauma in five international dental journals has not improved since the publication of the CARE guidelines. The lack of reporting of essential items in case reports suggests that journals could enhance their quality by requiring authors to adhere to the CARE guidelines or similar reporting guidelines.
Radiographic evaluation of immature traumatized incisors following different endodontic treatments
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Li Xin , Xu Lin , Tang Ziwei , Zhao Jiashuo , Xiang Yuanyi , Zhang Yameng , Yang Jing , Ye Ling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsIndirect pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexification are three common endodontic treatments for immature traumatized incisors. They all affect tooth root development to some extent. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the influence of these treatments on root development of immature permanent incisors following dental trauma.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one indirect pulp capping, 48 pulpotomy, and 58 apexification cases with a mean age of 8.4 ± 1.0 years and median follow up of 12 months were included. NIH ImageJ with TurboReg plug‐in was used to correct angular differences between the pre‐operative and recall periapical radiographs, and to calculate variations of root length, dentin wall thickness, and apical closure. Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons was applied to compare the radiographic variations. The type of apical closure was assessed qualitatively and analyzed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe apexification group had a lower trend toward apical closure than the other two groups (P < .05). It also showed thinner dentin wall thickness compared with the pulpotomy group (P = .001). There was no significant difference between pulpotomy and indirect pulp capping in the trend to apical closure (P > .05) or dentin wall thickness (P = .775). There was no significant difference in the variation of root length among the three groups (P = .06). There was a moderate correlation between the treatment and the type of apical closure (Cramer's V Coefficient = .375). Pulpotomy tended to form a normal apical constriction rather than a calcific barrier while apexification showed the opposite inclination. Indirect pulp capping had no specific inclination toward any type of apical closure.ConclusionsApexification resulted in an abnormal root development mostly by affecting the dentin wall thickness and apical closure. Pulpotomy was beneficial for normal root development of immature traumatized teeth.
Attitudes of dental and chiropractic students towards a shared learning programme—An interprofessional learning model
Authors: Omar Hanan , Khan Saad , Haneline Michael , Toh Chooi Gait 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionInterprofessional learning (IPL) is the first stage towards the goal of interprofessional collaborative care. To enhance IPL experience, the School of Dentistry, International Medical University developed an IPL model based on the core competencies and the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students in their second and fourth year, respectively. The model was based on experiential learning and adult learning theories in addition to Miller's framework for clinical competencies.MethodsThe programme was developed as a student‐centred, collaborative approach to achieve the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students. Second‐year dental students (n = 46) and chiropractic students (n = 23) in their fourth year participated in the programme. The focus of the programme was to address the prevention of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) amongst dental students and to provide the chiropractic students with the opportunity to assess and identify risk factors for WMSDs in the dental setting. The readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS) questionnaire was completed prior to the interprofessional education programme and once again afterwards to determine dental and chiropractic students' awareness of roles and responsibilities of the other profession, and their attitudes to interprofessional education and teamwork.ResultsDental and chiropractic students showed similar levels of readiness for shared learning. The results of this study suggest that the IPL programme contributed to the development of the students’ positive perceptions towards the positive professional identity and the roles of other healthcare professionals.ConclusionThis study provides initial support for the integrated interprofessional learning experiences within the school. The results of the study will shape future curricula changes to further strengthen interprofessional education and subsequent interprofessional collaborative care.