bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on growth and production of convergent breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes adaptive to lowland
Authors: Rafiuddin  , Amin A R , Nur A , Farid M , Sari A T I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the genotype of wheat from a convergent breeding program that adaptive to lowland and produce high yield, and determine the parameters with high heritability. The study was conducted at the Screen House of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI), Maros Regency from October 2017 to February 2018. The study used a Randomized Block Design with 10 wheat genotypes of convergent breeding crossbreeds including CBF 124, CBF 159, CBF 192, CBF 169, CBF 137, CBF 195, CBF 119, CBF 145, CBF 156 and CBF 231 as well as four comparators, namely two national superior varieties (Selayar and Dewata) and two introduced genotypes (Oasis and HP. 1744) resulted in 14 genotypes. The results show that the genotype of wheat from convergent breeding that adaptive to lowland and had high productivity are CBF 192 (1.80 tons ha−1), CBF 169 (1.66 tons ha−1), CBF 195 (1.54 tons ha−1), CBF 137 (1.44 tons ha−1), CBF 124 (1.42 tons ha−1) and CBF159 (1.34 tons ha−1). Characters that have high heritability are plant height, number of tillers and productive tillers, age of flowering and harvest, panicle length, number of spikelet, number of floret, number of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, weight of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, and production.
Effect of green bean sprout extract on in vitro shoot multiplication of taro Colocasia esculenta L. var. antiquorum
Authors: Latunra A I , Anggraini S R S , Tuwo M , Baharuddin  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Japanese taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum is a good export-valued food commodity and is being developed in Indonesia. Lack of availability of taro seedling is one of a limiting factor in development of Japanese taro. In vitro propagation is an alternative to obtain seeds in large quantities and in a relatively short time. In vitro culture is very dependent on composition of media used, especially growth regulators. This study aims to determine effect and to find optimum concentration of green bean sprout extracts Phaseolus radiatus in shoot multiplication of Japanese taro through in vitro. Plantlet were derived from cultures with ± 3 weeks of age. MS media was supplemented with different concentrations of green bean sprout extracts for shoot multiplication experiments. The concentration was used is 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 ppm and MS + NAA 1.5 ppm + 1.5 ppm BAP as a comparison of synthetic hormones. The parameters observation were number of shoots, wet weight and percentage of live explants. The results showed that MS media with supplemented of 1.5 ppm green bean sprout extract was optimum concentration in Taro shoot multiplication. Therefore, green bean sprout extract can be used as natural growth regulator in media of Taro shoot multiplication.
The management model for sugar palm in educational forest of Universitas Hasanuddin
Authors: Malamassam D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Educational Forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas-edfor) is an asset that must be utilizet optimally in order to support the utilization and management of forest resources over a wider area. The palm sugar species has long been cultivated from generation to generation by people at and around the forest, and is a source of income that is quite meaningful for them. This research aims to assess the potential of non-timber product, especially palm sugar product and formulate the management for sugar palm species and its product in Unhas-Edfor. The research method used is a field survey method and data analysis is using a qualitative analysis approach. The results of the study indicated that the palm sugar production in 3 vilages, that became the study location, namely Rompegading, Limampoccoe and Labuaja, was quite varied. The highest total net income was found in Moncongjai Hamlet (Rompegading Village) as much as IDR.28,935,000,- with a total production of 1,640 packages and the lowest in the Jambua Hamlet (Limampoccoe Village) as much as IDR.215,000,-with a total production of 50 packages. The total net income in each hamlet is different depending on the amount of processed sugar production which tends to vary and the number of farmers producing products from palm trees. The sustainability model for the development and management of sugar palm and its derivative products in the Unhas-edfor is carried out through community empowerment activities, the formation and strengthening of farmer group institutions together with the management of the Unhas-edfor, village and district governments, related agencies, and banks as owners capital in terms of cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest, to the processing and marketing of results so that sugar palm and its products provide optimal results.
Growth response and yield of several local yam plants with hormax applications
Authors: Pelia L. , Riadi M. , Rafiuddin  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the growth and yield of several types of local yam with Hormax application. The study was conducted in Pososlalongo Village, Banggai Tengah District, Banggai Laut Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, from January to July 2019. This research was arranged following the Split Plot Design. As the main plot was the type of yam namely Butuli, Tu’u, Manui, Pau-Pau Ateno, Sombok, and Kulaluk, while as a subplot is the concentration of Hormax solution consisted of four levels namely 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mL/L water. The results showed that the type of yam Butuli had the fastest sprouting speed of 25.50 days, the highest number of leaves was 337.58 strands, and the highest number of tubers was 1.81 pieces. The concentration of Hormax 4 mL/L water treatment resulted in the longest stem which was 491.47 cm, the highest number of leaves was 274.56 strands.
The soil characteristics of landslide in Manuju District, Gowa Regency
Authors: Lias S A , Safaat M , Solle M S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Landslide in the Manuju District, Gowa Regency on January 23, 2019 had impact on material losses such as damage of residents’ homes, cut off road access by the landslide, and 22 fatalities. The high rainfall at that time and hilly topoghraphy were the factors that triggered the landslide. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the soil in relation to landslides. This research was conducted by field observation of soil characteristics in the landslide area and soil test in the laboratory, namely; textures, C-Organic, and permeability with SPAW method, grain size distribution using ASTM, and shapes grain of soil fraction with the Norbury method. The soil was 20-25 cm depth, granular soil structure, friable consistency, texture dominated by sand, low C-Organic content, moderate hydraulic conductivity, the grain size was subangular. Soil characteristics at the study site showed characteristics that are susceptible to landslides.
Rearing earwig Chelisoches morio (Fabricius) on a variety of artificial diets
Authors: Rejeki A S , Melina M , Nurariaty A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Black earwig (Chelisoches morio (Fabr.) (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae), is an effective predator of various important pests of crops such as mealybugs, beetles, and stem borers. Earwig mass rearing is considered simple, but it requires a long time to reach the optimal life stages for field releases. The type of artificial food given has at least an influence of lifespan so this study was conducted to determine the types of food that can shorten life cycle of earwig. Feeding trials consisted of combination between mealybugs and dog food, mealybugs and fish and mealybugs with cornmeal. Each treatment had five replications. The results shown that the lifespan of black earwig was 52 days (mealybug + dog food), 62 days mealybug + fish material), and 67 days (mealy bug + cornmeal) respectively. It is suggested that a better artificial food is to shorten lifespan and therefore it is considered to use earwig mass rearing.
The fluctuation of fruit fly attack (Bactrocera spp.) in a polycultural system of chili and watermelon crops
Authors: Jamaluddin F , Nurariaty A , Amin N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is a serious threat of developing chili and watermelons in Indonesia. Chili growers rely mainly on synthetic insecticide use to control the pest. Excessive use of the insecticides could cause resistance in the pest, environmental issues, and health issues to the consumers. Thus, alternative control methods should be developed, such as a polyculture cropping system. The study was conducted in Rompegading Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency, from August to October 2018. The purpose of the study was to evaluate a polycultural cropping system, using 2 plant species: chili plant and watermelon as the main and secondary crops. Five schemes of cropping model were tested in this study, namely: (a) chili without mulch, (b) chili with plastic mulch, (c) chili and watermelon, (d) watermelon only, and (e) chili with farmers’ cultivation practice. The percentage of fruit fly attack on the chili and watermelon fruit were calculated. The results showed that the chili with plastic mulch treatment had 90.1%, pepper and watermelon treatment had 93.03%, and farmers’ practices treatment had 83.3% of the fruits damaged by the fruit fly. While the percentage of watermelon damaged by fruit flies was the highest in the treatment of chili and watermelon (50.00%).
Populations of Aphis gossypii on different pepper cultivars, fertilized with different rates of NPK
Authors: Firdaus F , Ngatimin S N , Nasruddin A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cotton aphid (Glover), (Aphis gossypii) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the main insect pests of chili plants in Indonesia. Excessive use of insecticide has caused resistance in the pest to insecticides in many places. Besides that, a high dose of fertilizer could trigger a population increase of many aphid species. Therefore, effective and safer alternative aphid control methods must be sought; hence the purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of different chili cultivars against the pest and the optimal dosages of the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) to suppress the aphid populations. The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from March to August 2019. This experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design in factorial. The first factor was red pepper cultivars: Lado F-1 and Pilar F-1, and the second factor was NPK fertilization rate: 1, 2, 4, 8 g per plant. The results showed that the number of aphids was significantly lower on Lado F-1 than on Pilar F-1. There was a tendency that as the fertilizer rate increased, the number of aphids also increased. Plants fertilized with 8 g NPK per plant had a significantly higher number of aphids compared to the other treatments. However, the numbers of aphids on other treatments were not significantly different from each other. Therefore, the results suggested that in order to suppress the aphid population, farmers should use the Lado F-1 and fertilization rate of 1 to 4 g per plant as important components in an integrated pest management program.
Reactions of banana plantlets Musa acuminata L. to extracellular polysaccharides from Ralstonia zyzygii subsp. celebensis causal agent of blood diseases
Authors: Baharuddin  , Ulfa F , Eryuni  
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtracellular polysaccharides generated by bacteria play an important role in inhibiting the translocation of nutrients and water, protecting bacteria in extreme conditions and neutralizing compounds released by plants. Giving filtrate pathogens with different concentrations causes different plant reactions in each variety. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained fromRalstonia zyzygii subsp celebensis (rzc)towards the growth of banana plantlets in-vivo. A randomized complete design was used with parameters of two varieties (Barangan and Ambon) and EPS in different concentration of 0; 10; 11.5; 13, and 14.5%. EPS filtrate culture was obtained from initially growing bacteria on NGA (Nutrient Glucose Agar) medium and subculture (mineral media) and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes then sterilized with a membrane filter. Extracellular polysaccharides were put into MS media, then planting 3-month-old banana plantlets with uniform growth. Culture were placed for inoculation that controlled in a culture room at a temperature 26 ± 20C with relative humidity of 55 ± 5% and were exposed to 16 h photo period. Observation parameters were number of shoots and leaves, time of appearance of shoots and leaves (days). The results showed that response of Barangan gave better results on number of shoots than ambon in tolerating the effect of extracellular polysaccharides filtrate. Concentration of 13% is tolerance limit for the growth number of banana plantlets. Barangan variety can produce the highest number of shoots at a concentration of 13% extracellular polysaccharides filtrate.
Testing chitinase and p1-3, glucanase produced by native Trichoderma isolates obtained from South Sulawesi
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Rosmana A , Firman  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chitinase and p1-3, glucanase produced by living microbes play important role of mycoparasitism and one of known mycoparasites is Trichoderma species. The aim of study was to examine Trichoderma isolates obtained from South Sulawesi. The isolates were cultured into potato dextrose agar and then subcultured with specific media for understanding chitinase and p1-3, glucanase activities. The result shown that the diversity of enzyme activities was obtained from isolates.
First report of Phytophthora black pod disease of cocoa spread by Iridomyrmex cordatus in Sulawesi: A dilemma about predatory insect for cocoa pest control
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Gassa A , Rosmana A , Bakar S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While implementing biological control agent driven from predatory insect to retain an ecological population balance of main cocoa pest, has become popular in environment, the unforeseen consequence of this technique is due to uncontrolled insect behaviour, a potential spread of a major cocoa disease-Phytophthora black pod and stem cancer, caused by a superior oomycete Phytophthora palmivora species and this attempt poses a difficult dilemma. This paper will investigate potential risk of insect ant species and explain its behaviour in transmitting cocoa disease to new trees before suggestion way to diminish negative impact and to improve a specific and selective management of cocoa pests and diseases.
Resistance test of five cocoa (Theobromae cacao L.) clones in South Sulawesi against Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Dewi V S , Asman A , Josua K , Hamdayanty H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to find out the response of some superior cocoa clones in South Sulawesi to Phytophthora palmivora. This research covers several stages ranging from selection and sampling of cocoa clones, pathogen exploration to cocoa clones resistant test with various methods that were inoculated the infected to the healthy cocoa pod, inoculated P. palmivora suspension to the cocoa surface and inoculated P. Palmiora isolates to the healthy cocoa pod section. The results showed that the resistance of cocoa clones to three inoculation methods showed different areas of spotting on each observation day in which method of attaching the infected pod to the healthy pod, showed the slowest growth in the MO1 cocoa clone with average growth of spots of 46.34 cm2/day and the largest was shown in 45 cocoa clone which was 79.67 cm2/day indicating each clone is very susceptible to infection P. palmivora. Method of inoculating P. palmivora suspension showed that the slowest growth occurred in S1 cocoa clone that was 5.18 cm2/day and largest was shown in MO1 cocoa clone (25.19 cm2/day), indicating that each clone is very susceptible, except in the clone S1 is rather resistant. As well as in the method of attaching P. palmivora isolate to the healthy pod, the slowest growth occurred in GTB cocoa clones (15.28 cm2/day) and largest in M04 cocoa clones (22.28 cm2/day) which indicated that each clone was very susceptible to infection of P. palmivora. The three application methods show that different applications can affect the difference in infection rates in each cocoa pod clone. The spots that arise from infection can occur in various ways.
Determination of factors affecting indoor doses from Malaysia’s ceramic tiles containing natural radionuclides
Authors: Abdullahi Shittu , Ismail Aznan Fazli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The level of natural radioactivity and radiological risks attributed to forty (40) different ceramic tiles using gamma-ray spectroscopy employing high-purity germanium detector were studied. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K range from 37.5 ± 0.3 to 215.9 ± 5.8 Bq kg−1, 42.2 ± 0.1 to 181.8 ± 3.8 Bq kg−1 and 349.5 ± 25 to 1589.2 ± 21.1 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity and activity concentration index were calculated to estimate the potential radiological hazards to the dweller. Furthermore, the factors affecting the total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) such as ventilation rate, room size and dweller position were investigated from the measured activity concentrations using RESRAD-BUILD computer code. The simulation results of TEDE from the variations of ventilation rate in a room range from 0.26±0.01 to 0.61±0.01 mSv y−1, on the other hand, the percentage variation of TEDE due to dweller position and room size are 35% and 33%, respectively. The calculated radiological risks parameters were all below the recommended maximum limit. Therefore, the radiological impact attributed from the ceramic tiles under study is negligible.
Analysis of seismic events in Malaysia using International Monitoring System (IMS) data of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
Authors: Zolkaffly M Z , Rashid F I A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is designed to be non-discriminatory and does not single out any country or region for enhanced monitoring. The seismic network, when completed, will consist of 50 primary and 120 auxiliary seismic monitoring stations in 76 countries around the world to detect and locate underground nuclear explosions. The data from the IMS stations can also be used for scientific and civil purposes. In this study, we present the results of data analysis of selected seismic events in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018 using IMS seismic stations data. Important seismicity parameters including the epicentral, magnitude distribution and seismic phases were presented in this study. We also perform comparison of the seismic events recorded by the IMS with similar seismic events detected by others seismic network at local, regional and international level. This study demonstrates that other than for nuclear explosion monitoring, the IMS data can also be used for civil and scientific applications and can make significant contribution in seismological research.
Microstructure and leaching characteristics of steel slag and CRT glass
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Yusri , Jamil Maslina , Md Yusoff Nur Izzi , Fadzil Syazwani Mohd 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In view of the large amount and types of waste materials generated, an extensive suite of environmental tests is carried out to assess the potential of reusing these materials. This study investigates the morphology and leaching characteristics of steel slag and Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass. The morphology and elemental composition of the samples are examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The result of the leaching test is analysed and compared with the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) limit for hazardous elements. Results of the FESEM tests show that each sample has different morphological characteristics and texture. The surface of steel slag is rough, uneven, irregular and porous compared to the surface of granite and CRT glass. The outcome of the TCLP test shows that none of the identified hazardous elements exceed the standard limits, which indicates these materials may be suitable for use as construction materials.
Examination of corrosion under insulation using gamma ray computed tomography
Authors: Sipaun S , Ab Rahman M F , Hasan H , Shari M R , Mahmood A , Abdullah N , Mustapha M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a screening and scanning approach using gamma ray transmission measurements and computed tomography (CT) to detect and locate corrosion areas in a pipeline. Screening obtains interval measurements of collimated gamma ray along the length of pipe, while scanning gives cross sectional images at the investigated area. The CT scanner consists of a clamped on mechanical gantry, a 1” × 1” NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, 11mCi Ba-133 source, 15mm x 5mm lead collimators and Ludlum scaler ratemeter. This technique was shown to be an effective way to determine the wall loss and erosion areas of at 2.5mm thickness. Several locations of an insulated pipe were screened and scanned. Using a portable gamma ray CT scanner we present the results, where the cross sectional image can indicate the occurrence of corrosion under insulator.
The effect of photomultiplier tube glass entrance window on plastic scintillator cast sheet photon dosimetry: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Mohamed N S , Aydın A , Tajudin S M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plastic scintillators are commonly used for medical dosimetry due to the density and effective atomic numbers that are closer to human soft tissue. When a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is used with a thin scintillator, reflected photon and electrons as a result of Compton scattering either inside the scintillator or PMT entrance window, might contribute to a significant source of additional absorbed dose. Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the effect of different PMT window materials on the absorbed dose of a 0.5 mm plastic scintillator cast sheet for parallel photon beam energy up to 1 MeV. The additional dose in the plastic scintillator from 400 keV to 1 MeV due to sapphire and lithium fluoride (LiF) glass are increases from 11 % to 47 % and 8 % to 31 %, respectively. Despite of the lower density of Quartz among other materials, Quartz and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) demonstrate almost similar trends of additional dose throughout the energies, which is closer to the sapphire. To reduce the unexpected additional dose, a plastic scintillator with a considerable thickness of a PMT window should be adopted for the ‘soft-tissue’ dose response.