bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Nutritional Status in Tanzania: Scoping Review
Authors: Amunga Dorcas A. , Hess Sonja Y. , Grant Frederick K. E. , Kinabo Joyce , Olney Deanna K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobally, the intake of fruit and vegetables (F&V) is far below the recommended levels, contributing to various health challenges including micronutrient deficiencies and non‐communicable diseases. In Tanzania, where the triple burden of malnutrition persists, there is a need to identify gaps in evidence, better understand diets and F&V intake and identify promising interventions for improved intake. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the evidence on dietary intake, F&V intake and nutritional status in Tanzania. This included three separate literature searches in PubMed covering the years 2012–2023. A total of 62, 37 and 15 articles met predefined eligibility criteria for the review of overall diet, dietary intake of F&V and nutritional status, respectively. Identified studies suggest that overall dietary practices among all population groups were primarily based on carbohydrate‐rich foods, complementary feeding practices were suboptimal among young children and a low proportion of women of reproductive age (WRA) and pregnant and lactating women achieved minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD‐W). Across all population groups, F&V intake was below the recommended 400 g per day. Analysis of nutritional status in Tanzania in population representative surveys showed high stunting prevalence in children below 5 years of age, and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among WRA, particularly in urban areas. Additional research is needed to understand better the complex interactions between diet and nutrition and health outcomes, and to identify efficient and cost‐effective strategies to improve overall dietary quality, including increasing F&V intake.
Species‐Specific Traits Shape Genetic Diversity During an Expansion–Contraction Cycle and Bias Demographic History Reconstruction
Authors: Vishwakarma Ravi , Sgarlata Gabriele Maria , Soriano‐Paños David , Rasteiro Rita , Maié Tiago , Paixão Tiago , Tournebize Rémi , Chikhi Lounès 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies ranges are dynamic, experiencing expansions, contractions or shifts in response to habitat changes driven by extrinsic factors such as climate change or human activities. While existing research examines the genetic consequences of spatial processes, few studies integrate species‐specific traits to analyse how habitat changes affect co‐existing species. In this study, we address this gap by investigating how genetic diversity patterns vary among species with different traits (such as generation length, population density and dispersal) experiencing similar habitat changes. Using spatial simulations and a simpler panmictic population model, we investigate the temporal genetic diversity in refugium populations undergoing range expansion of their habitat, followed by stationary and contraction periods. By varying habitat contraction speed and species traits, we identified three distinct temporal dynamics of genetic diversity during contraction: (i) a decrease in genetic diversity, (ii) an initial increase followed by a decrease and (iii) a continuous increase throughout the contraction period. We show that genetic diversity trajectories during population decline can be predicted by comparing sampled population diversity to equilibrium values expected under expanded and contracted habitat ranges. Our study also challenges the belief that high genetic diversity in a refugium population is due to a recent and rapid habitat loss. Instead, we found contrasting effects of contraction speed on genetic diversity depending on the interaction between species‐specific traits and the dynamics of habitat change. Finally, using simulated genetic data, we found that demographic histories inferred from effective population size estimates may vary across species, even when they experience similar habitat changes.
Power, meta‐perceptions, and belonging: How positive recognition matters for group identification, identity compatibility, and intergroup attitudes
Authors: Obradović Sandra , Albayrak‐Aydemir Nihan , Amer Amena , Boza Mihaela , Kışlıoğlu Reşit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCreating a shared group identification has been theorized as one pathway for overcoming intergroup divides within larger, superordinate contexts. Although self‐identification with superordinate groups has been extensively studied in political psychology, less attention has been paid to how others' recognition of our belonging shapes this process. The present paper examines the role of such perceived recognition for European identification across three countries ‐ Romania, Serbia, and Türkiye ‐ using data from three studies. We find support for a hierarchical framing of a superordinate group (Study 1, N = 374), where the perspective of more prototypical subgroups come to act as gatekeepers, impacting the identities of less prototypical members (Study 2, N = 1255). Through an experimental design (Study 3, N = 573), we find that exposure to more positive perspectives of prototypical subgroups can increase identification, superordinate–subordinate identity compatibility and political support for group membership. Significant differences emerge between the countries, highlighting the importance of socio‐political and historical context, which we consider in the discussion.
Reducing ethnic inequities: Patterns of asthma medication use and hospital discharges in Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Eathorne Allie , Noble Jonathan , Hatter Lee , Hills Tom , Te Paa Selwyn , Harwood Matire , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) widespread transition to budesonide/formoterol maintenance and/or reliever regimens in clinical practice is temporally associated with reduced rates of asthma hospitalization. It is unknown whether this association is observed in Māori, the indigenous population of NZ, who experience a disproportionate burden from asthma. We investigated patterns in asthma medication use and hospital admissions in Māori in NZ.MethodsReview of NZ national dispensing data for asthma inhaler medications and asthma hospital discharge data from January 2013 to December 2023 in the 12+ age group, with calculation of the relative change in dispensed medication and asthma hospitalization rates for Māori and non‐Māori. The most recent six‐month period, July to December 2023, is compared with the corresponding six‐month period 4 years earlier, July to December 2019.ResultsBudesonide/formoterol dispensing increased for both Māori and non‐Māori for 2019–2023, with a relative 111% and 115% increase, respectively. Between the two periods, asthma hospital discharges reduced from 142.5 to 97.3 per 100,000, absolute difference 45.2 per 100,000, a 32% reduction for Māori; and 49.4–37.9 per 100,000, absolute difference 11.5 per 100,000; a 23% reduction for non‐Māori.ConclusionThe temporal association between a marked increase in dispensing of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and/or reliever regimens and reduced asthma hospitalization was observed for Māori and non‐Māori, with a greater reduction in asthma hospitalization for Māori. Despite this reduction in health inequities, asthma hospitalization rates are two and a half times greater for Māori compared to non‐Māori.image
The Selection of Sports Schools: The Influence of the Environment on the Development of Youth Athletes' Career Adaptability
Authors: Nikander Jaakko A. O. , Tolvanen Asko , Ryba Tatiana V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere are many routes to achieving an elite status in sports, which can be described as a journey that involves many developmental environments. In terms of navigating transitions and across environments, the adolescent years are particularly crucial, and psychosocial skills may assist youth athletes to maintain balance and wellbeing in combining sports and education. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental differences in career adaptability profiles as students adapt to their sports high schools. A total of 391 student‐athletes (51% female, 49% male) from six sports high schools in Finland participated in the study. To compare the environments' features, we created a typology of the environments based on a document analysis methodology. Our quantitative analysis builds upon the findings of the first author, who applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to career adaptability measures across the first year of sports high school. To investigate whether student‐athletes have a higher probability of belonging to a profile in certain sports high schools, we used multinomial regression analysis. The results showed that the most sports‐focused and centralized environment did not support career adaptability development to the same extent as other environments. Furthermore, we found that student‐athletes in the “highly successful” environment had the highest probability of belonging to the high or increased career adaptability profile, despite reporting the highest number of sports training hours and high academic success. This study demonstrates the importance of the locality and the authenticity of the environments and of how their features support student‐athletes' career adaptability development.
Self‐Relatedness or Cross‐Relatedness: The Co‐Evolution of Industries and Occupations Among Chinese Cities
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqi , Ao Rongjun , Li Xiaojing , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExisting research on regional diversification primarily focuses on relatedness within industries or occupations, whilst neglecting the cross‐effects between the two. This study first formalizes the concepts of self‐ and cross‐relatedness and then establishes a two‐layer network framework to approach the interaction between industries and occupations. Then, based on China's export and occupation data, both occupation and industry are incorporated as the endogenous factors in explaining regional diversification among 264 prefectural‐level cities in China. The empirical evidence suggests that both self‐ and cross‐relatedness are significantly associated with new regional specializations in the co‐evolution of industries and occupations. More importantly, the roles of self‐relatedness are more significant in small‐sized cities, while the association between cross‐relatedness and industry–occupation co‐evolution is more prominent in large cities.
Research on Fatigue Crack Growth Life of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers With Double Cracks in Extreme Environments
Authors: Tian Jinrong , Li Xiang , Li Fanchun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) face fatigue damage from constant exposure to wind, waves, and ocean currents, which can lead to catastrophic tower failure, especially with the presence of double cracks. This study investigates the fatigue crack growth life (FCGL) of a 2.1-MW OWT tower under typhoon conditions, considering double cracks. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations are conducted to reflect real environmental conditions in the Yellow Sea, identifying stress hotspots that serve as crack initiation points. The Forman–Newman–de Koning (FNK) model and linear elastic fracture mechanics are used to calculate crack growth under double crack conditions compared to single cracks. The results indicate that, under typhoon conditions, the location of the maximum equivalent stress on OWT towers shifts upward. During the growth of double cracks, the dominant crack exhibits a similar growth trend to a single crack, while the subordinate crack experiences a gradual decrease in growth rate after penetrating the tower and tends to cease expansion. The presence of double cracks significantly reduces the FCGL of the tower; under wind loading, FCGL decreases from 2.46 years for a single crack to 1.45 years, and under combined wind and wave loading, FCGL decreases from 1.48 years to 0.82 years. This study provides a basis for assessing the damage tolerance of OWT under extreme conditions with double cracks and offers references for maintenance and repair work for engineering professionals.
An Innovative Analogy Serial-Parallel Mass-Spring System Model for Sound Reduction Frequency Prediction of Asymmetric Resonators
Authors: Li Jiaming , Gea Hae Chang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, an innovative and comprehensive model is proposed to predict the sound reduction frequency of asymmetric side-branch resonators. This analytical model, referred to as the analogy serial-parallel mass-spring system (ASPMSS) model, incorporates the concept of serial-parallel mass-spring systems into the analogy mass-spring system (AMSS) model. The side-branch resonator is modeled as two parallel effective mass-spring systems, with the sound reduction frequency equal to the natural frequency of the two effective parallel mass-springs. The proposed model is capable of predicting the sound reduction frequency of asymmetric branch cavities with random shapes, as well as symmetric branch cavities as a special case. Several simulation and prediction examples are presented, and the sound reduction frequencies calculated by the analytical model are compared to simulation results from comsol 5.4. The comparison results show that the proposed ASPMSS model is applicable to side-branch resonators with asymmetric geometric profiles and has a high level of prediction accuracy and robustness.
Magnetorheological Damper Design Based on Improved H–B Model
Authors: Zhang Tieshan , Ren Zhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the issues of sedimentation of the working medium,high sealing requirements, and rapid increase in stiffness under medium- and high-frequency excitation leading to severe energy dissipation in traditional magnetorheological dampers, a magnetorheological composite material with good sedimentation stability and low sealing requirements was prepared and tested. An improved Herschel–Bulkley model was established to characterize the mechanical properties of the composite material. Furthermore, a shear magnetorheological damper was designed and manufactured based on the composite material, and the performance response law of the damper under medium- and high-frequency excitation was tested by designed experiments. The results show that the dynamic stiffness of the damper increases from 4.83 × 105N/m to 6.32 × 105 N/m when the test frequency is increased from 5 Hz to 20 Hz under the current excitation of 3A, and the single-cycle energy consumption of the damper under the full-band is about 0.037J, which verified the energy consumption capacity of the designed magnetorheological damper under medium- and high-frequency vibrations.
Effect of Hilbert Fractal Acoustic Metamaterials on Ventilation Noise Control
Authors: Karthik R. , Srinivasan K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ventilation noise control devices often involve a trade-off between their size and ventilating performance, which limits the ability to reduce low-frequency sound in high-ventilation conditions. To address this challenge, the present study explores the use of Hilbert fractal-based design in ventilated metamaterials for improved acoustic performance. The sound transmission loss (STL) of these metamaterials is compared to that of a simple expansion chamber, which serves as the base case. Various parameters, including Hilbert order (O), channel width (K), ventilated space (l), unit cell thickness (H), and the number of unit cells (N) are investigated. Initially, the transfer matrix method evaluates STL without considering thermoviscous effects, which are later incorporated in numerical simulations and impedance tube experiments. The parametric study reveals that increasing the Hilbert curve order decreases the fundamental frequency, while a higher K value increases it. Additionally, more unit cells enhance STL but reduce its broadband nature. Through the finite element method, band diagrams and eigenmodes of Hilbert and base configurations indicate that increased Hilbert orders result in more bands and correspondence between transmission loss spectra and band gaps. The study also identifies dipole resonance modes in the Hilbert structure, which induce a negative effective bulk modulus that contributes to STL. Real-time performance testing in a twin reverberation chamber demonstrates that the Hilbert structure achieves a 5-dB improvement in STL compared to the base configuration across the 700- to 1400-Hz range. These findings are essential for achieving broadband low-frequency noise reduction while allowing airflow.
Public Health and School Health Partnership for a Web-Based Physical Activity Resource
Authors: Welker Kristen , Cox Carol 
Published: December 2024

Background: With physical activity levels in children and youth decreasing as their obesity rates rise, collaborations between public health and school health professionals for physical activity interventions are recommended. Physical activity interventions at the school site and those with community involvement in program planning have demonstrated positive outcomes. Methods: As schools are a vital part of community physical activity promotion for students, public health and school health partners in one state created a brain energizers/movement integration website to support 2 components of a comprehensive school physical activity program: “Physical activity integrated into the school day” and “Staff involvement.” This study presents a process evaluation and level of utilization assessment of a public health, web-based resource for physical activity promotion in the elementary school for students aged 6–12 years. Web links were sent to all members of a statewide school nurse association, and 269 school nursing staff responded to an online survey evaluating the website. Results: About 40% of respondents used and shared the site with other teachers/staff at their schools, and the activities and videos were stated as the greatest benefits. Conclusions: Public health and education sectors can collaborate within comprehensive school physical activity programs to provide movement integration resources for students to meet physical activity goals. School nurses can encourage physical activity during the school day and staff involvement by promoting both the health promotion and educational benefits of movement integration and physically active learning.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Rezafungin
Authors: Forrister Nicholas M. , McCarty Todd P. , Pappas Peter G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Candidemia and invasive candidiasis persist as significant causes of morbidity and mortality. As fluconazole resistance rates rise, alternative means of treatment are necessary, either via mold-active azoles or extended durations of echinocandins. These come with the potential for undesirable side effects for triazoles or choosing between prolonged hospitalization or outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in the case of echinocandins. Rezafungin offers an opportunity to manage extended treatment durations with shorter hospital stays and no extended parenteral access. Herein, we review the most recent published data pertaining to rezafungin including anti-fungal activity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical data relating to the treatment of invasive candidiasis. Given its prolonged half-life allowing for once-weekly dosing, rezafungin has the potential as an anti-fungal prophylactic agent in high-risk patients, and studies to examine this potential role are ongoing.
Two cases of Legionnaires’ disease due to
Legionella cardiaca
Authors: Han Xiang Y. , Bowman Christopher J. , Bhatti Micah M. , Balachandran Diwaker 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background

Legionella cardiaca
is a Gram-negative bacterium initially isolated from the heart valve of a patient with endocarditis. Since its species description in 2012, there have been no other report of infections.

Case Summary

Here, we describe two cases of
L. cardiaca
pneumonia. The patients were a 74-year-old man from New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, with underlying multiple myeloma and a 67-year-old man from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. They developed cough and fever while undergoing antineoplastic therapy in August 2022 and July 2024, respectively. Laboratory examinations showed leukocytosis in the man with multiple myeloma and pancytopenia in the other with leukemia. In both patients, chest computed tomography showed ground-glass and consolidative opacities in the lung fields to suggest pneumonia. The cultures of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids grew slender Gram-negative bacilli on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar with growth dependence on L-cysteine. The bacilli were identified by sequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and Mip gene as
L. cardiaca
. The patients were treated with a combination of cefepime and other antibiotics and recovered. Both cases were sporadic infections, with likely exposure in the patients’ hometowns of New Orleans and Oklahoma City, respectively.

Conclusion

These results suggest that
L. cardiaca
is an opportunistic pathogen and may cause pneumonia, or Legionnaires’ disease, in immunocompromised patients. Culture with BCYE agar and gene sequencing analysis may be required to recover and identify the bacterium for an etiologic diagnosis.
Draft genome sequences of
Corynebacterium mastitidis
strains isolated from ocular surface of CD36-knockout mice (B6.129S1-

Cd36
tm1Mfe

/J) with keratitis
Authors: Mannion Anthony , Shen Zeli , Buckley-Jordan Ellen , Garcia Alexis , Lyons Claire , Lee Yao , Boucher Magalie , Carrasco Sebastian , Gilmore Michael S. , Fox James G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Three
Corynebacterium mastitidis
strains were cultured from the eyes of CD36-knockout mice (B6.129S1-

Cd36
tm1Mfe

/J) with and without keratitis housed at a biomedical research institute. Bacteria were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology for subsequent phylogenetic characterization and identification of virulence factor genes conferring pathogenic potential.
Complete genome sequence of the biopesticidal
Burkholderia ambifaria
strain BCC0191
Authors: Webster Gordon , Mullins Alex J. , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence of
Burkholderia ambifaria
BCC0191, a biopesticide originally isolated from the barley rhizosphere. The genome was assembled using an Illumina–Nanopore hybrid approach and consisted of 7.62 Mbp distributed across three replicons. Several specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, including those known to be active in biocontrol, were identified.
Comparative mitogenomics of Leptographium procerum, Leptographium terebrantis, and Leptographium wingfieldii, an invasive fungal species in Canadian forests
Authors: Zubaer Abdullah , Wai Alvan , Hausner Georg 
Published: December 2024

Leptographium wingfieldii is a fungal associate of Tomicus piniperda (the pine shoot beetle) and pathogen of pines and this species is an agent of blue stain in sapwood on infected trees. This fungus was first reported from Europe and has been recently introduced to Canadian forests. Ten new mitogenomes have been sequenced and characterized, including seven strains of L. wingfieldii, two strains of L. procerum and one strain of L. terebrantis. The data were combined with other members of the Ophiostomatales collected from NCBI to gain more insight into the genetic diversity, evolution, and systematics of these fungi. The size of the studied mitogenomes of Leptographium species ranged from 41 to 126 kb with the number of potential mobile introns embedded within these mitogenomes ranging from 13 to 45. These data show that introns generate genetic diversity and confirms the contribution of mobile introns in genome expansion in Ophiostomatales fungi. This study also uncovered complex intron arrangements (twintrons) suggesting the potential of mobile introns generating complex ribozymes that may have implications in gene regulation.