bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of other‐cause mortality in localized renal cell carcinoma patients within 15 years: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Pecoraro Angela , Knipper Sophie , Palumbo Carlotta , Rosiello Giuseppe , Luzzago Stefano , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Fiori Cristian , Porpiglia Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFive‐year other cause mortality (OCM) after nephrectomy for non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) should be marginal in properly selected surgical candidates. We examined 5‐year OCM rates as a quality of care indicator for patient selection.Materials and MethodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1997‐2011), we identified 59267 RCC patients treated with either radical (n = 27 804, 46.9%) or partial nephrectomy (n = 31 463, 53.1%). Temporal trends and multivariable Cox regression analyses assessed 5‐year OCM. Data were stratified according to age group, year of diagnosis, race, marital status, gender, and socio‐economic status. The overall OCM rates for the entire cohort at 5 years of follow‐up was 4.7% and decreased from 9.4% to 5.6% over the study span (−3.8%, P < .001). The greatest decrease in 5‐year OCM rates over time was recorded in patients >70 years (17.0%‐9.6%, slope, −0.6%/y), as well as in African‐Americans (12.0‐6.2%; slope, −0.3%/y) and in males (8.9%‐4.7%; slope, −0.3%, all P < .001).ConclusionsAn important OCM decrease was recorded over the study span. Nonetheless, further improvement may be accomplished, especially in African‐Americans, unmarried and older individuals, who exhibited higher OCM rates than others. These three groups may represent ideal targets for better patient selection based on OCM considerations.
Factors affecting the incidence of chronic pain following breast cancer surgery: Preoperative history, anesthetic management, and surgical technique
Authors: Berger Jack M. , Longhitano Yaroslava , Zanza Christian , Sener Stephen F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground or ObjectivesBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Chronic pain following mastectomy remains a significant problem. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with postoperative chronic pain.MethodsMedical records were analyzed retrospectively for 147 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy between July 2016 and February 2018 with one‐year follow‐up. All patients received a paravertebral block pre‐operatively and then general anesthesia for the surgery.ResultsThe median postoperative pain score was 1.3 on the verbal analgesic score. The average total dose of opioids administered postoperatively was 10.4 mg, expressed in morphine milligram equivalents. The incidence of chronic pain after mastectomy was 16.7% at 6 months and 13.3% at 1 year. The satisfaction rate for anesthesia and surgery was 95.7%.ConclusionsThe data suggested that preoperative paravertebral nerve blocks, appropriate adjuvants, and a balanced general anesthetic may contribute to better postoperative pain control and decreased the incidence of chronic pain. A history of preoperative use of opioids and/or a history of alcohol consumption were both associated with significant increased levels of postoperative pain, and this subgroup warrants attention to diminish the risk of developing chronic pain.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A high incidence of metastatic disease to lymph nodes
Authors: Claxton Matthew R. , Reynolds Grace , Wenger Doris E. , Rose Peter S. , Houdek Matthew T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (ESMC) is a rare type of soft‐tissue sarcoma with limited series reporting outcome of treatment. Currently there is limited data on the incidence and impact on patient outcome in those with metastatic disease to lymph nodes in ESMC.MethodsThirty (21 males, 9 females) patients, mean age 50 ± 16 years, with ESMC were reviewed. The tumors were most commonly located in the lower extremity (n = 23, 77%) and the mean tumor size and volume were 9 ± 5 cm and 490 ± 833 cm3. Mean follow up was 7 ± 4 years.ResultsSix (20%) patients either presented (n = 3, 10%) or developed (n = 3, 10%) lymph node metastatic disease. When comparing patients without, with lymph node metastasis and metastasis elsewhere, patients with lymph nodes metastasis had worse survival than those without metastasis, however better 10‐year disease specific survival than those with metastasis elsewhere (100% vs 62% vs 0%; P < .001).ConclusionThere is a high incidence of lymph node metastatic disease in patients with ESMC. Although survival in these patients is worse compared to those without metastasis, their survival is better than those with metastasis elsewhere. Due to the high incidence of lymph node metastatic disease, preoperative staging of the lymph node should be considered.
Evaluation of the Achilles Tendon Using B‐Mode Ultrasound and Strain Elastography in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mutlu Samet , Erdem Toslak Iclal , Inci Ayca , Cekic Bulent , Yavuz Alpaslan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the B‐mode ultrasound (US) features and elasticity of the Achilles tendon in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using US elastography and to compare them with those of healthy individuals.MethodsFrom March 2019 through May 2019, 30 consecutive patients with variable stages of CKD and 30 healthy individuals were prospectively included in this study. Ultrasound and strain elastographic examinations were performed on both Achilles tendons of all individuals. Degrees of tendinopathy, if existed, were classified as defined by Archambault et al (J Clin Ultrasound 1998; 26:335–339), and thicknesses were documented with US. Strain ratios (SRs) were calculated by measuring the strain values from the Achilles tendon and Kager fat pad. Statistical differences in the SRs of Achilles tendons between the control group and patients with CKD were calculated.ResultsThe 30 patients with CKD ranged in age from 24 to 73 years, and the 30 healthy individuals ranged in age from 25 to 78 years. Both distal and left middle thirds of the Achilles tendons were thicker in patients with CKD than in healthy individuals (P < .05). The mean SRs ± SDs in the patient group (4.71 ± 0.95 and 4.85 ± 1.47 on the right and left, respectively) were significantly higher (P < .05) than in healthy individuals (2.31 ± 0.42 and 2.65 ± 0.55 on the right and left), which indicated an increased stiffness of Achilles tendons in the patient group.ConclusionsAs a semiquantitative and noninvasive imaging modality, strain elastography has the potential to detect the morphologic and elasticity changes of Achilles tendons in patients with CKD, which may give an opportunity to help physicians predict possible leading partial or complete tears.
A pyrolysis study of allylic hydrocarbon fuels
Authors: Nagaraja Shashank S. , Kukkadapu Goutham , Panigrahy Snehasish , Liang Jinhu , Lu Haitao , Pitz William J. , Curran Henry J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pyrolysis of selected C3–C5 allylic hydrocarbons has been studied using a single‐pulse shock tube. A new single‐pulse shock tube has been designed and constructed by recommissioning an existing conventional shock tube. This facility enables the investigation of high‐temperature chemical kinetics with an emphasis on combustion chemistry. The modifications performed on the existing shock tube are described, and the details of the sampling system to analyze the species concentration using a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐flame ionization detection (GC‐MS with a flame ionization detector) system are also provided. This facility is characterized and validated by performing cyclohexene pyrolysis experiments. Furthermore, the performance of the shock tube is demonstrated by reproducing previous literature measurements on the pyrolysis of isobutene. Postvalidation, this setup is used to study the pyrolysis of trans‐2‐butene and 2‐methyl‐2‐butene (2M2B). A newly developed mechanism, NUIGMech1.0, is used to simulate the experimental data of propene, isobutene, 2‐butene, and 2M2B, allylic hydrocarbon fuels. A description using two different kinetic simulation approaches is provided using our isobutene experiments as a reference. We found no significant differences between the two methods. Additionally, the contribution of different reaction classes on fuel consumption is detailed and the influence of geometry on fuel consumption and first aromatic ring: benzene is discussed.
Gender Differences in Compensation, Mentorship, and Work‐Life Balance within Facial Plastic Surgery
Authors: Lafer Marissa P. , Frants Anna , Zhang Yan , Wang Binhuan , Lee Judy W. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesOur objective was to identify gender differences in work‐life balance, professional advancement, workload, salary, and career satisfaction among facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons.Study DesignCross‐Sectional Survey.MethodsAmerican Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) members were invited by email to respond to a confidential 25‐question online survey. The survey had a response rate of 12%. There were a total of 139 participants; 23 participants were in training and 116 were either board‐eligible or board‐certified facial plastic surgeons. Collected variables included general demographics, personal life, academic involvement, career development, workload, and career satisfaction.ResultsForty percent of participants were female. Fifty‐nine percent of female participants were 25–35 years old compared with 15% of male participants. The majority of male participants were over 45 years old (63%) while only 19% of female participants fell into this age category (P < .0001). Women were more likely to be in a relationship with a physician (35% vs. 19%) or non‐physician full‐time professional (55% vs. 31%). The vast majority of men had children (89%) while only half of women (52%) had children. On average, women with children had fewer children than men (P < .0001). No gender difference was seen with respect to working full versus part‐time (P = .81). Participants were equally satisfied with a surgical career regardless of gender.ConclusionAlthough significant progress has already been made towards closing the gender gap, gender disparities remain both professionally and personally for facial plastic surgeons. With an increasing number of women in medicine, we should continue to strive to close the gender gap.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E787–E791, 2021
Characterization of Fibroblasts in Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lina Ioan , Tsai Hsiu‐Wen , Ding Dacheng , Davis Ruth , Motz Kevin M. , Hillel Alexander T. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesIatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathological narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea due to scar tissue. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are over 8 times more likely to develop iLTS and represent 26% to 53% of all iLTS patients. In this investigation, we compared iLTS scar‐derived fibroblasts in patients with and without T2DM.Study DesignControlled ex vivo study.MethodsiLTS scar fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from subglottic scar biopsies in iLTS patients diagnosed with or without type 2 diabetes (non‐T2DM). Fibroblast proliferation, fibrosis‐related gene expression, and metabolic utilization of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis were assessed. Contractility was measured using a collagen‐based assay. Metabolically targeted drugs (metformin, phenformin, amobarbital) were tested, and changes in fibrosis‐related gene expression, collagen protein, and contractility were evaluated.ResultsCompared to non‐T2DM, T2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts had increased α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression (8.2× increased, P = .020), increased contractility (mean 71.4 ± 4.3% vs. 51.7 ± 16% Δ area × 90 minute−1, P = .016), and reduced proliferation (1.9× reduction at 5 days, P < .01). Collagen 1 (COL1) protein was significantly higher in the T2DM group (mean 2.06 ± 0.19 vs. 0.74 ±.44 COL1/total protein [pg/μg], P = .036). T2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts had increased measures of OXPHOS, including basal respiration (mean 86.7 vs. 31.5 pmol/minute/10 μg protein, P = .016) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation (mean 97.5 vs. 25.7 pmol/minute/10 μg protein, P = .047) compared to non‐T2DM fibroblasts. Amobarbital reduced cellular contractility; decreased collagen protein; and decreased expression of αSMA, COL1, and fibronectin. Metformin and phenformin did not significantly affect fibrosis‐related gene expression.ConclusionT2DM iLTS scar fibroblasts demonstrate a myofibroblast phenotype and greater contractility compared to non‐T2DM. Their bioenergetic preference for OXPHOS drives their increased contractility, which is selectively targeted by amobarbital.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1570–1577, 2021
Development of Ectopic Livers by Hepatocyte Transplantation Into Swine Lymph Nodes
Authors: Fontes Paulo , Komori Junji , Lopez Roberto , Marsh Wallis , Lagasse Eric 
Published: August 2020

Orthotopic liver transplantation continues to be the only effective therapy for patients with end‐stage liver disease. Unfortunately, many of these patients are not considered transplant candidates, lacking effective therapeutic options that would address both the irreversible progression of their hepatic failure and the control of their portal hypertension. In this prospective study, a swine model was exploited to induce subacute liver failure. Autologous hepatocytes, isolated from the left hepatic lobe, were transplanted into the mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) by direct cell injection. At 30‐60 days after transplantation, hepatocyte engraftment in LNs was successfully identified in all transplanted animals with the degree of ectopic liver mass detected being proportional to the induced native liver injury. These ectopic livers developed within the LNs showed remarkable histologic features of swine hepatic lobules, including the formation of sinusoids and bile ducts. On the basis of our previous tyrosinemic mouse model and the present pig models of induced subacute liver failure, the generation of auxiliary liver tissue using the LNs as hepatocyte engraftment sites represents a potential therapeutic approach to supplement declining hepatic function in the treatment of liver disease.
Foamability and Special Applications of Microcellular Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review on Recent Advances and Future Direction
Authors: Banerjee Ritima , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFoaming of thermoplastics is an area of significant research interest. The substitution of any solid polymer with its foamed counterparts not only results in the lowering of material and fuel consumption but also enhances the scope of tailoring of properties for new applications. The key to manufacturing a useful foam is to achieve the desired morphology and volume expansion ratio as per the product requirements. In addition, other properties may become important, depending on the applications. Open‐cell structure, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cytocompatibility are required in scaffolds. The ease with which a polymeric material can be foamed to achieve the desired properties depends on material characteristics, processing conditions, and the blowing agent. This article reviews key literature related to factors affecting foamability and ways of enhancing the foamability of various polymeric materials. Other highlights of this review include studies on degradation kinetics of biodegradable foams, special morphology development for scaffolds, packaging, and acoustic applications as well as cell seeding studies in scaffolds. In summary, this review is expected to provide direction for future developments in the field of microcellular processing to advance the technology and applications of thermoplastic foams as sustainable materials.
A Study on the Optical Behavior of Dyx3+ ion Activated Sr(1‐X)Y2O4 Nanophosphors
Authors: Ghorpade Santosh P. , Melavanki Raveendra , Patil N. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhite light emitting voluminous powder of Sr(1‐x)Y2O4:Dyx3+ nanophosphors (NPPs) is synthesized through solution combustion method using organic fuel as glycine. The doping agent Dy3+ ion is incorporated in the form of dysprosium nitrate hexahydrate and Dy3+ ion varied as 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.11%. Further, the sample is calcinated at a temperature of 1300 °C for 3 h. The structural and optical properties are investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopic techniques. XRD spectra confirm the orthorhombic structure of SrY2O4: Dyx3+ with Pnam space group and cell parameters of a = 10.07 Å, b = 11.91 Å, c = 3.41 Å, the particle size is about 40 nm estimated from the Debye–Scherer method. The morphology and particles size is further confirmed by FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM. The PL emission spectra obtained at an 354 nm excitation wavelength and corresponding PL emission spectra indicate two distinctive peaks, that is, blue (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) and yellow (4F9/2→ 6H13/2). FTIR and room temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of various bonds. PL emission, correspondingly, is confirmed by the CIE diagram. All these analysis reveal Sr(1‐x)Y2O4:Dyx3+ NPP may be potential candidates for white light‐emitting diodes.
Bos taurus Urine Assisted Biosynthesis of CuO Nanomaterials: A New Paradigm of Antimicrobial and Antineoplatic Therapy
Authors: Padvi Mukesh Nimba , Hiremath Narendra Gurumoorty , Prasad Saurabh Rai Dhirendra , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Bohara Raghvendra Ashok , Attrar Yasmin , Ramteke Avinash Avadhutrao , Sarvalkar Prashant 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResistance to antibiotics is a global concern and urgently needs sincere attention. Looking toward the current scenario there is a definite need for hybrid systems which can combat with the pathogens. One such approach is synthesis of CuO NPs using cow urine for the first time. The advantage of this method is its eco‐friendly and economical synthesis approach. It is seen that the prepared NPs exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against test microorganism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, the synthesized NPs show synergistic effectiveness with common broad spectrum antibiotic tetracycline. In addition, the prepared NPs are also tested for anticancer activity by using MTT assay and results suggests that the prepared NPs shows excellent anticancer activity against MCF7 cell lines. The developed material carries excellent potential in biomedical application.
lncRNA CERS6‐AS1 as ceRNA promote cell proliferation of breast cancer by sponging miR‐125a‐5p to upregulate BAP1 expression
Authors: Yan Liang , Li Kai , Feng Zunyong , Zhang Yizongheng , Han Renrui , Ma Jinzhu , Zhang Jieling , Wu Xu , Liu Haijun , Jiang Yuxin , Zhang Yao , Zhu Yiping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as oncogene and tumor suppressor genes in many types of cancers including breast cancer (BC). Our previous study has indicated microRNA (miR)‐125a‐5p was downregulated and function as a tumor suppressor in BC. However, its upstream regulation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we used bioinformatics algorithms, RNA pulldown assay, and dual‐luciferase reports assay to predict and confirm lncRNA CERS6‐AS1 interacted with miR‐125a‐5p. Then we found CERS6‐AS1 was upregulated in BC tissues. Experimental results of tumor growth in nude mice show that CERS6‐AS1 promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, CERS6‐AS1 regulated BC susceptibility gene 1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) expression via sponging miR‐125a‐5p via Western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays. Finally, we showed that miR‐125a‐5p had opposing effects to those of CERS6‐AS1 on BC cells, demonstrating that CERS6‐AS1 may promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis via sponging miR‐125a‐5p. Our results indicated CERS6‐AS1 promote BC cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis via sponging miR‐125a‐5p to upregulate BAP1 expression.
Addressing the sensitivity of forecast impact to flight path design for targeted observations of extratropical winter storms: A demonstration in an OSSE framework
Authors: Kren A. C. , Cucurull L. , Wang H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFew studies have examined the forecast uncertainties brought about from varying aircraft flight track patterns in targeted observations for extratropical winter storms. To examine the degree of uncertainty in downstream forecasts caused by different aircraft flight patterns, a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed and demonstrated for two extratropical winter storms identified in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) T511 Nature Run using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Data Assimilation System and Global Forecast System (Q1FY15). Winter storms were chosen to support operational Pacific Ocean targeting strategies using unmanned aircraft. For these two storms, objective and composite flight tracks are generated as they could occur in an operational field mission to sample sensitive areas and meteorologically important regions, and then the changes in downstream forecasts across the various flight tracks are evaluated. The forecast impact downstream is sensitive to flight track orientation and shows case‐dependent results, with some flight patterns leading to significant improvements, while others result in neutral to degraded forecasts. The degree of downstream uncertainty in the verification region can vary up to 8% from the different flight paths, depending on the metric used and the atmospheric variables analysed. Although the study is a demonstration of the technique and is limited to only two case studies, it suggests that uncertainty in flight path design should not be neglected in future field missions. Some guidance for mitigating this uncertainty is also discussed.
Anatomy‐based diagnostic criteria for complex body wall anomalies (CBWA)
Authors: Martín‐Alguacil Nieves 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecise diagnosis and classification of CBWA cases can be challenging. BSA are considered when there is a body wall anomaly, skeletal abnormalities, and the umbilical cord is anomalous, absent or rudimentary, and LBWC when there is a body wall and structural limb anomalies with or without craniofacial abnormalities.MethodsPubMed was searched for body stalk anomalies, limb body wall complex, body stalk anomalies and amniotic band syndrome, and limb body wall complex and amniotic band syndrome. Sixty nine articles were selected and reviewed. This article systematically classifies the variants of CBWA in 218 cases, the study is based on the embryological and anatomical criteria established by Martín‐Alguacil and Avedillo to study BSA in the pig.ResultsEight different BSA presentation were defined. One hundred and eighty nine cases were classified as BSA, from which five were Type I, nine Type II, 20 Type III, 57 Type IV, 11Type V, 24 Type VI, 11 Type VII, and 52 Type VIII. Twenty six cases presented cranial phenotype, 114 abdominal phenotype, 42 cranio/abdominal overlapping phenotype, and five without defined phenotype. In addition, 52 BSA cases presented some kind of spinal dysraphism (SPDYS) and were classified as BSA/SPDYS, most of these cases did not show structural limb anomalies, except for three cases and were classified as LBWC/SPDYS.ConclusionThis morphology‐based classification represents a useful tool for clinical diagnosis, it helps to quantify and to evaluate CBWA in a precise, objective manner.