bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fante-Coleman Tiyondah , Jackson-Best Fatimah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is evidence to suggest that Black children and youth in Canada face disproportionate challenges in accessing mental healthcare. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to map current literature on the barriers and facilitators to care for Black youth in Canada. Both academic articles and gray literature published between January 2005 until May 2019 were reviewed. Six databases were searched for relevant academic articles: CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Social Science Citation Index, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts. Gray literature was sourced from community recommendations and Google. Thirty-three (33) sources met the inclusion criteria. Data were coded and analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. Barriers to care for Black youth were identified and occurred at multiple levels of society including systemic (i.e., wait times, poor access to practitioners, geographical challenges and financial barriers to care), practitioner-related (i.e., racism and discrimination from providers, the inability to provide culturally competent care and a lack of organizational support) and personal and community-related barriers (i.e., internalized stigma and stigma from community). Support from family and friends, as well as a good relationship with providers, were noted as facilitators. The findings of this review suggest that Black children and youth face many barriers to accessing the Canadian mental healthcare system despite its purported universality. An increase in funding, expansion of the universal healthcare system to include mental health, and concerted effort on delivering culturally competent care are requisite to facilitate access to care for this population. Further research should focus on Black youth, be rooted in community-based research, and explore intersecting identities in the context of mental illness.
Thames meets the Enisei: Captain Joseph Wiggins’s expedition to the Kara Sea and Enisei, 1876–1877
Authors: Goncharov Alexander E. , Orel Irina V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 1876, Captain Joseph Wiggins reached the mouth of the Enisei River aboard his screw schooner Thames. This was the second expedition that approached this river from the sea in almost 150 years. The voyage paved a path for British commercial shipping in the Kara Sea, which saw its greatest intensity in the concluding decade of the 19th century. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Wiggins stubbornly continued staging expeditions even after repeated failures. His devotedness to the idea of establishing a sea highway to Siberia inspired others. This circumstance makes him a key figure in polar history. Regardless of the commercial nature of his expeditions, Wiggins was not an entrepreneur. Neither was he an accomplished polar explorer. In fact, we find in him the last of the merchant adventurers, the heir to Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor. This article focuses on Wiggins’s expedition of 1876–1877 to the Enisei River, which has not yet become an object of special attention in literature, and discusses the development and exploitation of the Kara Sea Route in connection with it.
Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD
Authors: Kleberg Johan Lundin , Frick Matilda A. , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n= 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity.
Biogeochemical Connectivity Between Freshwater Ecosystems beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Sub‐Ice Marine Environment
Authors: Vick‐Majors Trista J. , Michaud Alexander B. , Skidmore Mark L. , Turetta Clara , Barbante Carlo , Christner Brent C. , Dore John E. , Christianson Knut , Mitchell Andrew C. , Achberger Amanda M. , Mikucki Jill A. , Priscu John C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough subglacial aquatic environments are widespread beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, subglacial biogeochemistry is not well understood, and the contribution of subglacial water to coastal ocean carbon and nutrient cycling remains poorly constrained. The Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) ecosystem is upstream from West Antarctica's Gould‐Siple Coast ~800 m beneath the surface of the Whillans Ice Stream. SLW hosts an active microbial ecosystem and is part of an active hydrological system that drains into the marine cavity beneath the adjacent Ross Ice Shelf. Here we examine sources and sinks for organic matter in the lake and estimate the freshwater carbon and nutrient delivery from discharges into the coastal embayment. Fluorescence‐based characterization of dissolved organic matter revealed microbially driven differences between sediment pore waters and lake water, with an increasing contribution from relict humic‐like dissolved organic matter with sediment depth. Mass balance calculations indicated that the pool of dissolved organic carbon in the SLW water column could be produced in 4.8 to 11.9 yr, which is a time frame similar to that of the lakes’ fill‐drain cycle. Based on these estimates, subglacial lake water discharged at the Siple Coast could supply an average of 5,400% more than the heterotrophic carbon demand within Siple Coast embayments (6.5% for the entire Ross Ice Shelf cavity). Our results suggest that subglacial discharge represents a heretofore unappreciated source of microbially processed dissolved organic carbon and other nutrients to the Southern Ocean.
Semantic concept schema of the linear mixed model of experimental observations
Authors: Ćwiek-Kupczyńska Hanna , Filipiak Katarzyna , Markiewicz Augustyn , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N. , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Millet Emilie J. , van Eeuwijk Fred , Ławrynowicz Agnieszka , Krajewski Paweł 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the information age, smart data modelling and data management can be carried out to address the wealth of data produced in scientific experiments. In this paper, we propose a semantic model for the statistical analysis of datasets by linear mixed models. We tie together disparate statistical concepts in an interdisciplinary context through the application of ontologies, in particular the Statistics Ontology (STATO), to produce FAIR data summaries. We hope to improve the general understanding of statistical modelling and thus contribute to a better description of the statistical conclusions from data analysis, allowing their efficient exploration and automated processing.
Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Q-Marker with One Single Reference in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch
Authors: Dong Xin , Zheng Fangyuan , Liu Xin , Zhang Lianju , Hu Rongqin , Wang Lingcheng , Hao Xiaoyun , Xue Peifeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies, it is difficult to choose evaluation markers for the strict quality control of herbs. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with metabolomics for simultaneous quantitative analysis of quality markers (Q-markers) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch was established, which could not only ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of TCMs, but also achieve a quantitative analysis of multi-components by the single reference standard. Based on the construction of chromatographic profiles by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-Q-Exactive/MS methods, different multivariate analyses were employed. Seven quantitative indices were selected as the Q-markers, and a reliable quantification method was established. The quantitative method was acceptable with good linearity with correlation coefficients &gt;0.9993 and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) &lt; 0.05%), precision (RSD &lt; 0.24%), reproducibility (RSD &lt; 0.97%), stability (RSD &lt; 2.52%) and recoveries (96.96%—98.52%, RSD &lt; 3.24%), and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Overall, the study suggests that the simultaneous quantitative analysis of main Q-marker in G. uralensis Fisch with one single marker can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control of G. uralensis Fisch.
Development of Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease in Patients With Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Fujita Kohei , Yamamoto Yuki , Kanai Osamu , Okamura Misato , Nakatani Koichi , Mio Tadashi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while ameliorating lung cancer, can cause infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, in addition to immune-related noninfectious complications. In the clinical setting, the efficacy of ICIs to treat mycobacterial infection remains controversial. We report 3 cases of acute Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease during immunotherapy with ICIs.
Why are tropical conifers disadvantaged in fertile soils? Comparison of Podocarpus guatemalensis with an angiosperm pioneer, Ficus insipida
Authors: Palma Ana C , Winter Klaus , Aranda Jorge , Dalling James W , Cheesman Alexander W , Turner Benjamin L , Cernusak Lucas A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Conifers are, for the most part, competitively excluded from tropical rainforests by angiosperms. Where they do occur, conifers often occupy sites that are relatively infertile. To gain insight into the physiological mechanisms by which angiosperms outcompete conifers in more productive sites, we grew seedlings of a tropical conifer (Podocarpus guatemalensis Standley) and an angiosperm pioneer (Ficus insipida Willd.) with and without added nutrients, supplied in the form of a slow-release fertilizer. At the conclusion of the experiment, the dry mass of P. guatemalensis seedlings in fertilized soil was approximately twofold larger than that of seedlings in unfertilized soil; on the other hand, the dry mass of F. insipida seedlings in fertilized soil was ~20-fold larger than seedlings in unfertilized soil. The higher relative growth rate of F. insipida was associated with a larger leaf area ratio and a higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. Higher overall photosynthetic rates in F. insipida were associated with an approximately fivefold larger stomatal conductance than in P. guatemalensis. We surmise that a higher whole-plant hydraulic conductance in the vessel bearing angiosperm F. insipida enabled higher leaf area ratio and higher stomatal conductance per unit leaf area than in the tracheid bearing P. guatemalensis, which enabled F. insipida to capitalize on increased photosynthetic capacity driven by higher nitrogen availability in fertilized soil.
Melanopsin-dependent direct photic effects are equal to clock-driven effects in shaping the nychthemeral sleep-wake cycle
Authors: Hubbard Jeffrey , Frisk Mio Kobayashi , Ruppert Elisabeth , Tsai Jessica W. , Fuchs Fanny , Robin-Choteau Ludivine , Husse Jana , Calvel Laurent , Eichele Gregor , Franken Paul , Bourgin Patrice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNychthemeral sleep-wake cycles (SWc) are known to be generated by the circadian clock in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), entrained to the light-dark cycle. Light also exerts direct acute effects on sleep and waking. However, under longer photic exposure such as the 24-hour day, the precise significance of sustained direct light effects (SDLE) and circuitry involved have been neither clarified nor quantified, as disentangling them from circadian influence is difficult. Recording sleep in mice lacking a circadian pacemaker and/or melanopsin-based phototransduction, we uncovered, contrary to prevailing assumptions, that circadian-driven input shapes only half of SWc, with SDLE being equally important. SDLE were primarily mediated (>80%) through melanopsin, of which half were relayed through SCN, independent of clock function. These findings were used for a model that predicted SWc under simulated jet-lag, and revealed SDLE as a crucial mechanism influencing behavior, and should be considered for circadian/sleep disorder management and societal lighting optimization.
Normative vs. patient-specific brain connectivity in Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Wang Qiang , Akram Harith , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Sheth Sameer A. , Groppa Sergiu , Vanegas-Arroyave Nora , Zrinzo Ludvic , Li Ningfei , Kühn Andrea , Horn Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrain connectivity profiles seeding from deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have emerged as informative tools to estimate outcome variability across DBS patients. Given the limitations of acquiring and processing patient-specific diffusion-weighted imaging data, most studies have employed normative atlases of the human connectome. To date, it remains unclear whether patient-specific connectivity information would strengthen the accuracy of such analyses. Here, we compared similarities and differences between patient-specific, disease-matched and normative structural connectivity data and retrospective estimation of clinical improvement that they may generate.Data from 33 patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease who underwent surgery at three different centers were retrospectively collected. Stimulation-dependent connectivity profiles seeding from active contacts were estimated using three modalities, namely either patient-specific diffusion-MRI data, disease-matched or normative group connectome data (acquired in healthy young subjects). Based on these profiles, models of optimal connectivity were constructed and used to retrospectively estimate the clinical improvement in out of sample data.All three modalities resulted in highly similar optimal connectivity profiles that could largely reproduce findings from prior research based on a novel multi-center cohort. Connectivity estimates seeding from electrodes when using either patient-specific or normative connectomes correlated significantly to primary motor cortex (R = 0.57, p = 0.001, R=0.73, p=0.001), supplementary motor area (R = 0.40, p = 0.005, R = 0.43, p = 0.003), pre-supplementary motor area (R = 0.33, p = 0.022, R = 0.33, p = 0.031), but not to more frontal regions such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (R = 0.21, p = 0.17, R = 0.18, p = 0.17).However, in a data-driven approach that estimated optimal whole-brain connectivity profiles, out-of-sample estimation of clinical improvements were made and ranged within a similar magnitude when applying either of the three modalities (R = 0.43 at p = 0.001 for patient-specific connectivity; R = 0.25, p = 0.048 for the age- and disease-matched group connectome; R = 0.31 at p = 0.028 for healthy-/young connectome).ConclusionsThe use of patient-specific connectivity and normative connectomes lead to identical main conclusions about which brain areas are associated with clinical improvement. Still, although results were not significantly different, they hint at the fact that patient-specific connectivity may bear the potential of estimating slightly more variance when compared to group connectomes. Our findings further support the role of DBS electrode connectivity profiles as a promising method to guide surgical targeting and DBS programming.
Transmission potential of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) onboard the Diamond Princess Cruises Ship, 2020
Authors: Mizumoto Kenji , Chowell Gerardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of COVID-19 developed aboard the Princess Cruises Ship during January-February 2020. Using mathematical modeling and time-series incidence data describing the trajectory of the outbreak among passengers and crew members, we characterize how the transmission potential varied over the course of the outbreak. Our estimate of the mean reproduction number in the confined setting reached values as high as ∼11, which is higher than mean estimates reported from community-level transmission dynamics in China and Singapore (approximate range: 1.1-7). Our findings suggest that Rt decreased substantially compared to values during the early phase after the Japanese government implemented an enhanced quarantine control. Most recent estimates of Rt reached values largely below the epidemic threshold, indicating that a secondary outbreak of the novel coronavirus was unlikely to occur aboard the Diamond Princess Ship.
Association of social isolation, loneliness, and genetic risk with incidence of dementia: UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Lahti Jari , Pirinen Matti , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Malmberg Anni , Lipsanen Jari , Virtanen Marianna , Kivimäki Mika , Hakulinen Christian 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident dementia by level of genetic risk.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.Setting and participants155 074 men and women (mean age 64.1, SD 2.9 years) from the UK Biobank Study, recruited between 2006 and 2010.Main exposuresSelf-reported social isolation and loneliness, and polygenic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease with low (lowest quintile), intermediate (quintiles 2 to 4), and high (highest quintile) risk categories.Main outcomeIncident all-cause dementia ascertained using electronic health records.ResultsOverall, 8.6% of participants reported that they were socially isolated and 5.5% were lonely. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years (1.36 million person-years), 1444 (0.9% of the total sample) were diagnosed with dementia. Social isolation, but not loneliness, was associated with increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 1.90). Of the participants who were socially isolated and had high genetic risk, 4.2% (2.9% to 5.5%) were estimated to develop dementia compared with 3.1% (2.7% to 3.5%) in participants who were not socially isolated but had high genetic risk. The corresponding estimated incidence in the socially isolated and not isolated were 3.9% (3.1% to 4.6%) and 2.5% (2.2% to 2.6%) in participants with intermediate genetic risk.ConclusionSocially isolated individuals are at increased risk of dementia at all levels of genetic risk.What is already known on this topicSocial isolation and loneliness have been associated with increased risk of dementiaIt is not known whether this risk is modified or confounded by genetic risk of dementiaWhat this study addsThis is the first study to show that social isolation is associated with increased risk of dementia across the spectrum of genetic riskLoneliness, although considered as a significant risk for multiple health problems, seems to be associated with dementia only when combined with high genetic risk
Religiosity and mental wellbeing among members of majority and minority religions: findings from Understanding Society, The UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Bann David , Fluharty Meg E , Nandi Alita 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the associations between religious affiliation, religious service attendance, subjective religious beliefs and mental wellbeing among the religiously unaffiliated, Christians, Muslims, and members of other minority religions in the UK using a longitudinal design.MethodsWe used data from four waves (2009–2013) of the UK Understanding Society, a longitudinal household panel survey with over 70,000 individuals in 30,000 households which included 4,000 households from an Ethnic Minority Boost sample. We adjusted for potential confounders (including ethnicity, socioeconomic factors and personality) and accounted for household fixed effects that absorb unobserved confounding factors operating at the household level. Outcomes were the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).ResultsCompared with Christians and the nonreligious, Muslims and members of other minority religions reported significantly lower mental wellbeing, indicated by higher SWEMWBS and lower GHQ scores. These differences were only partially accounted for by confounding factors, by ethnicity and by the mediators we examined. Amongst those with religious affiliations (Christians, Muslims, and others), higher religious service attendance was associated with higher SWEMWBS; amongst those with no religious affiliation, there was no association. Higher religious service attendance is associated with lower GHQ scores amongst those with and without religious affiliations. The subjective importance of religion was not associated with SWEMWBS yet was associated with higher GHQ scores.ConclusionsReligious service attendance as opposed to the subjective importance of religion appears to have positive effects on mental wellbeing outcomes. This suggests that the positive effects of religion on mental health operate through social channels. Findings point to the potential benefit of secular alternatives to religious service attendance to improve population-wide mental wellbeing.
Early individual and family predictors of weight trajectories from early childhood to adolescence: results from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: dos Santos Constança Soares , Picoito João , Nunes Carla , Loureiro Isabel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children’s health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,166 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis.ResultsWe found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity.ConclusionsUnhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationships are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.