bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СТРУКТУРНА ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇН ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА РОЗБУДОВИ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ЇХ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Шульц С.Л.  , Луцків О.М.  
Published: July 2020

У статті основну увагу зосереджено на тенденціях та особливостях структурної диверсифікації економіки європейських країн. Зазначено, що диверсифікація є не стільки метою, скільки наслідком економічного зростання і ініціюють його структурних змін, що відбуваються на основі стимульованих урядами процесів творчого руйнування з використанням інструментів сучасної структурної політики. Встановлено чинники, які впливають на диверсифікацію економіки.
Основну увагу акцентовано на зміні глобальних трендів розвитку європейських країн, а саме перехід до постіндустріального технологічного укладу, який базується на випереджаючому розвитку сфери послуг та зменшенні частки індустріального сектора (сільського господарства та промисловості у ВВП). Проаналізовано зміни в структурі економіки країн-членів ЄС упродовж 2010-2018 рр. за часткою у ВВП та зайнятості за трьома секторами економіки *первинним, вторинним та третинним). Результати аналізу свідчать, що до п’ятірки лідерів за часткою третинного сектору у ВВП увійшли Люксембург, Кіпр, Мальта, Франція та Нідерланди, а аутсайдерами у рейтингу країн за цим показником виступають Ірландія, Чехія, Румунія, Угорщина і Словенія. За часткою зайнятих в третинному секторі економіки до п’ятірки лідерів увійшла Великобританія, де 80,8% зайнятого населення працює у сфері послуг. Здійснено аналіз структури зайнятих в розрізі галузей сфери послуг в країнах-членах ЄС у 2018 р.
Результати аналізу свідчать, що в країнах-членах ЄС відбувається прискорений розвиток тих секторів економіки, які забезпечують значний внесок у підвищення продуктивності праці, зайнятості населення та дають змогу отримувати технологічні переваги над конкурентами. Акцентовано значну увагу на тому, шо саме кардинальна зміна технологій виробництва та активізація інноваційних процесів є визначальними чинниками становлення нового технологічного укладу та забезпечують економічне зростання країн загалом.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ЕКОНОМЕТРИЧНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ В СИСТЕМІ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Бегун С.І.  , Придатко Ю.М.  
Published: July 2020

Специфіка функціонування провідних економічних систем світу та транснаціональних корпорацій зокрема, свідчить про необхідність широкого застосування специфічного економіко-математичного інструментарію для вирішення проблем планування економічного розвитку, розширення виробництва та побудови багатофункціональних та складних логістичних систем в умовах глобальної економіки та посилення інтернаціоналізації світових сировинних, товарних, фінансових, фондових та валютних ринків. Особливість застосування подібних економетричних моделей полягає в необхідності забезпечення їх якомога більшої точності з одного боку, а з іншого – потребує врахування багатьох різноманітних ринкових індикаторів, які впливають на діяльність провідних економік та окремих крупних компаній світу. Відповідно, менеджмент сучасних компаній неможливий без реалізації багатофакторних моделей економічного прогнозування.
У статті розглянуто сучасні особливості розвитку інформаційних моделей економічного планування та прогнозування в системі менеджменту. На основі аналізу економіко-математичних методів визначено, що їх застосування в процесі прийняття рішень на сучасному етапі економічного розвитку сприяє підвищенню ефективності функціонування підприємств. Розглянуто специфіку застосування визначених економетричних методів та моделей в різних умовах для прогнозування та планування діяльності суб’єктів господарювання. Визначено комплекс факторів, які можуть призводити до зміни суттєвих параметрів економетричних моделей. Запропоновано комплекс заходів по уникненню зазначених ризиків і оптимізації застосування економіко-математичних моделей.
Terrorism of Lone Wolves
Authors: Posłuszna Elżbieta 
Published: July 2020

The aim of the paper is to characterize, mainly from the socio-psychological perspective, the phenomenon that is usually described as the activity of lone wolves. This characteristic supports the expressed in the article thesis that the strength of a lone wolf's motivation, who is defined as a violence-using and ideology stimulated individual, is based not on external (exogenous) impulses, i.e., objective depreciating situations that become a conscious foundation of the declared ideology, but on internal (endogenous) drives – personal complexes and deficiencies, not linked to the declared ideological goals.
The papers consists of four sections. In the first one, the notion of lone wolves is explained, which is followed by a brief history of lone wolves activities. Sections two and three present sociological and psychological aspect of the phenomenon respectively. The paper is concluded with a summary where the actual and potential danger of lone wolves is analyzed.
The Impact of Type Ia Supernovae in Quiescent Galaxies. II. Energetics and Turbulence
Authors: Li 李 Miao 邈 , Li 黎 Yuan 原 , Bryan Greg L. , Ostriker Eve C. , Quataert Eliot 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide unique and important feedback in quiescent galaxies, but their impact has been underappreciated. In this paper, we analyze a series of high-resolution simulations to examine the energetics and turbulence of the medium under SNe Ia. We find that when SN remnants are resolved, their effects differ distinctly from a volumetric heating term, as is commonly assumed in unresolved simulations. First, the net heating is significantly higher than expected, by 30 ± 10% per cooling time. This is because a large fraction of the medium is pushed into lower densities, which cool inefficiently. Second, the medium is turbulent; the root-mean-squared (rms) velocity of the gas to 20–50 km s−1 on a driving scale of tens of parsecs. The velocity field of the medium is dominated by compressional modes, which are larger than the solenoidal components by a factor of 3–7. Third, the hot gas has a very broad density distribution. The ratio between the density fluctuations and the rms Mach number, parameterized as b, is 2–20. This is in contrast to previous simulations of turbulent media, which have found b ≲ 1. The difference is mainly caused by the localized heating of SNe Ia, which creates a large density contrast. Last, the typical length scale of a density fluctuation grows with time, forming increasingly larger bubbles and filamentary ridges. These underlying density fluctuations need to be included when X-ray observations are interpreted.
Penetrative Convection for Rotating Boussinesq Flow in Tilted f-planes
Authors: Cai Tao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have performed linear instability analysis of the penetrative convection for the Boussinesq flow on a tilted f-plane. We have discussed the onset of instability as stationary and oscillatory convection. For the stationary convection, it has been shown that the penetration of convection is hindered by the stability of the upper, less unstable layer. For the oscillatory convection, however, the conclusion is different. We have computed the penetrative convection for both prograde and retrograde waves. The result indicates that for the prograde wave, under certain circumstances, the penetrative convection in the upper layer can be more vigorous than that in the lower unstable layer. For the retrograde wave, on the other hand, the stability in the upper layer always has a negative effect on the penetrative convection. Our calculation on the tilted f-plane has reproduced many features, such as teleconvection and multilayer roll convection, previously discovered on the penetrative convection in the spherical geometry. The dependence of penetrative distance on the Ekman number, the Prandtl number, and the stability parameter has been analyzed.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Demonstrating the Power of WISE in the Study of Galaxy Groups to z < 0.1
Authors: Cluver M. E. , Jarrett T. H. , Taylor E. N. , Hopkins A. M. , Brough S. , Casura S. , Holwerda B. W. , Liske J. , Pimbblet K. A. , Wright A. H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Combining high-fidelity group characterization from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey and source-tailored z < 0.1 photometry from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey, we present a comprehensive study of the properties of ungrouped galaxies, compared to 497 galaxy groups (4 ≤ N
FoF ≤ 20) as a function of stellar and halo mass. Ungrouped galaxies are largely unimodal in WISE color, the result of being dominated by star-forming, late-type galaxies. Grouped galaxies, however, show a clear bimodality in WISE color, which correlates strongly with stellar mass and morphology. We find evidence for an increasing early-type fraction, in stellar mass bins between 1010 M
⊙ ≲ M
stellar ≲ 1011
M
⊙, with increasing halo mass. Using ungrouped, late-type galaxies with star-forming colors (W2−W3 > 3), we define a star-forming main sequence (SFMS), which we use to delineate systems that have moved below the sequence (“quenched” for the purposes of this work). We find that with increasing halo mass, the relative number of late-type systems on the SFMS decreases, with a corresponding increase in early-type, quenched systems at high stellar mass (M
stellar > 1010.5
M
⊙), consistent with mass quenching. Group galaxies with masses M
stellar < 1010.5
M
⊙ show evidence of quenching consistent with environmentally driven processes. The stellar mass distribution of late-type, quenched galaxies suggests that it may be an intermediate population as systems transition from being star-forming and late-type to the “red sequence.” Finally, we use the projected area of groups on the sky to extract groups that are (relatively) compact for their halo mass. Although these show a marginal increase in their proportion of high-mass and early-type galaxies compared to nominal groups, a clear increase in quenched fraction is not evident.
Evaluation of the Necessity for Cycloplegia During Refraction of Chinese Children Between 4 and 10 Years Old
Authors: Liu Xinting , Ye Liang , Chen Chong , Chen Minfeng , Wen Shuyun , Mao Xinjie 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To determine the effect of atropine cycloplegia on the refractive status of children aged 4 to 10 years and to evaluate the necessity of cycloplegia for different refractive states and ages during refractive correction.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with low, moderate, and high myopia and hyperopia who were divided into two groups by age: 4 to 6 years (n = 5,320) and 7 to 10 years (n = 6,475). Every patient underwent cycloplegia with atropine sulphate. Refractive errors were measured by retinoscopy.

Results:

Within each group, the differences between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refractive errors (DIFF
C-N
) were significant. DIFF
C-N
was negatively correlated with age (
r
= −0.356,
P
< .001). The differences in refractive error between prescribed glasses and non-cycloplegic refraction (DIFF
G-N
) were largest in the groups with high myopia (0.83 ± 1.15 diopters [D] in the 4 to 6 years group and 0.60 ± 1.47 D in the 7 to 10 years group). After cycloplegia, 62.5% of the patients with mild myopia became emmetropic or hyperopic in the 4 to 6 years group, and 11.3% of the patients with mild myopia became emmetropic or hyperopic in the 7 to 10 years group.

Conclusions:
Without cycloplegia, autorefraction tends to overestimate refractive error in children with myopia. For accurate glasses prescriptions, cycloplegia should be used for children between 4 and 10 years, especially for children with high myopia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(4):257–263.]
Risk Factors for Tumor Recurrence Following Primary Intravenous Chemotherapy (Chemoreduction) for Retinoblastoma in 869 Eyes of 551 Patients
Authors: Dalvin Lauren A. , Bas Zeynep , Tadepalli Sameeksha , Rao Raksha , Vaidya Sarangdev , Pacheco Richard , Shields Carol L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To identify risk factors for retinoblastoma recurrence following chemoreduction.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of patients with retinoblastoma treated from 1994 to 2019 using chemoreduction with analysis for recurrence using Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and logistic regression.

Results:

There were 869 eyes of 551 patients with retinoblastoma treated with chemoreduction. Follow-up in 556 eyes revealed main solid tumor recurrence (n = 355, 64%), subretinal seed recurrence (n = 244, 44%), vitreous seed recurrence (n = 162, 29%), and/or new tumor (n = 118, 21%) requiring management with focal therapy (transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy) (n = 294, 53%), intra-arterial chemotherapy (n = 125, 22%), intravitreal chemotherapy (n = 36, 6%), plaque radiotherapy (n = 120, 22%), external beam radiotherapy (n = 57, 10%), and/or enucleation (n = 49, 9%). Of all recurrences, 62% were detected by 1 year, 86% by 2 years, 94% by 3 years, 98% by 5 years, 99% by 10 years, and 100% by 15 years. Risk factors for recurrence on multivariate analysis included younger patient age at presentation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 [1.00 to 1.04] per 1 month decrease,
P
= .02), greater International Classification of Retinoblastoma group (OR = 1.24 [1.05 to 1.47] per 1 more advanced group,
P
= .01), shorter tumor distance to optic disc (OR = 1.11 [1.01 to 1.21] per 1 mm decrease,
P
= .03), and presence of subretinal seeds (OR = 1.66 [1.09 to 2.53],
P
= .02).

Conclusions:
Retinoblastoma recurrence after chemoreduction is usually detected within the first 3 years following treatment. Younger patients with more advanced, posteriorly located tumors and subretinal seeds at presentation are at increased risk, but recurrence can often be managed with globe-sparing therapy.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(4):224–234.]
Retinal Sensitivity and Fixation Analysis Using Microperimetry in Children With Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Dikkaya Funda , Karaman Erdur Sevil 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To determine retinal sensitivity and fixation in children with anisometropic amblyopia using macular analyzer integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry (CenterVue).

Methods:
Amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes of 39 children with the diagnosis of anisometropic amblyopia were compared using MAIA microperimetry in terms of average threshold, fixation indexes (P1 and P2), and bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) for 95% and 63% of points. The correlations between visual acuity and microperimetry parameters were also analyzed.

Results:

The mean average threshold was 26.6 ± 5.9 dB for amblyopic eyes and 28.6 ± 1.9 dB for fellow eyes (
P
= .003). The mean P1 index was 80.2% ± 20.3% for amblyopic eyes and 87.6% ± 8.7% for fellow eyes (
P
= .032). The mean P2 index was 92.5% ± 9.6% and 94.3% ± 4.8% for amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes, respectively. The mean BCEA95 value was 12.9
°2
± 17.2
°2
and 9.4
°2
± 8.2
°2
and the mean BCEA63 value was 4.4
°2
± 5.6
°2
and 3.1
°2
± 2.7
°2
for amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for those parameters (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
Retinal sensitivity and P1 fixation index were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes compared to non-amblyopic eyes. Because measuring visual acuity does not represent all functions of the visual system, microperimetric evaluation may give extra information about total visual function of amblyopic eyes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(4):246–250.]
Pediatric Corneal Structural Development During Childhood Characterized by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Maripudi Snehaa , Byrd Julia , Qureshi Azam , Stoleru Gianna , Levin Moran Roni , Saeedi Osamah J. , Munir Wuqaas , Bazemore Marlet , Karwoski Bethany , Martinez Camilo , Jaafar Mohamad S. , Madigan William P. , Alexander Janet Leath 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To quantitatively describe the structural corneal changes from infancy to early adulthood using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 168 ultrasound biomicroscopy images were obtained from 24 healthy eyes of 24 patients who consented and enrolled in the Pediatric Anterior Segment Imaging Innovation Study. Their ages ranged from birth to 26 years. An established ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging protocol including seven views of one eye per patient were obtained and measured using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Twelve corneal structural parameters were measured. Means were compared between younger and older groups.

Results:

Among the 12 measured structures, 5 demonstrated statistically significant differences (
P
< .05) between patients younger than 1 year and patients older than 1 year. The mean values for corneal cross-sectional width and length, central corneal thickness, and radii of curvature (anterior and posterior) were significantly different in patients younger than 1 year. Curvature and limbus-to-limbus dimensions changed more dramatically than thickness and tissue density. When comparing the youngest to oldest subgroups, anterior curvature flattened (6.14 to 7.55 radius), posterior curvature flattened (5.53 to 6.72 radius), angle-to-angle distance increased (8.93 to 11.40 mm), and endothelial cross-sectional distance increased (10.63 to 13.61 mm).

Conclusions:
Pediatric corneal structures change with age. The most significant changes occur in the first months of life, with additional changes later in childhood. This study further demonstrates the importance of age in pediatric corneal imaging analysis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2020;57(4):238–245.]
Effectiveness of the interest rate channel as a mean of monetary transmission in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mallikahewa S. N. K. , Sandaroo N. D. Veenavee 
Published: July 2020

This study investigates whether the interest rate has a significant negative impact on investment. For an interest rate channel to support the achievement of monetary policy objectives, the prevalent interest elasticity of investment should be high and assume a negative value. The present study applies the co-integration and vector error correction tests to estimate the long run model and the short run dynamics of investment and independent variables; using interest rate, income, exchange rate and price level. Results show that the interest rate is negatively related to investment, with a coefficient value of 0.06. This negative relationship proves that low interest rates can negatively influence investment to achieve monetary policy objectives. A marginal effect on investment (based on the magnitude of coefficient) is not enough to maintain the efficiency of monetary policy. According to Sri Lankan experience, price level and income are positively related to investment in the long run, while the nominal exchange rate is negatively related to investment. According to short run dynamics, (-71%) of the disequilibrium in investment will be adjusted towards equilibrium within a one year period.
IFN-λ Enhances Constitutive Expression of MHC Class I Molecules on Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Benhammadi Mohamed , Mathé Justine , Dumont-Lagacé Maude , Kobayashi Koichi S. , Gaboury Louis , Brochu Sylvie , Perreault Claude 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Regulation of MHC class I (MHC I) expression has been studied almost exclusively in hematolymphoid cells. We report that thymic epithelial cells (TECs), particularly the medullary TECs, constitutively express up to 100-fold more cell surface MHC I proteins than epithelial cells (ECs) from the skin, colon, and lung. Differential abundance of cell surface MHC I in primary ECs is regulated via transcription of MHC I and of genes implicated in the generation of MHC I–binding peptides. Superior MHC I expression in TECs is unaffected by deletion of Ifnar1 or Ifngr1, but is lessened by deletion of Aire, Ifnlr1, Stat1, or Nlrc5, and is driven mainly by type III IFN produced by medullary TECs. Ifnlr1−/− mice show impaired negative selection of CD8 thymocytes and, at 9 mo of age, present autoimmune manifestations. Our study shows unanticipated variation in MHC I expression by ECs from various sites and provides compelling evidence that superior expression of MHC I in TECs is crucial for proper thymocyte education.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Von Hippel–Lindau Protein Promotes Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Chitrakar Alisha , Budda Scott A. , Henderson Jacob G. , Axtell Robert C. , Zenewicz Lauren A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins, including HIF-1α, for proteasomal degradation. VHL and HIF regulate the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, which is critical in highly dynamic T cells. HIF-1α positively regulates Th17 differentiation, a complex process in which quiescent naive CD4 T cells undergo transcriptional changes to effector cells, which are commonly dysregulated in autoimmune diseases. The role of VHL in Th17 cells is not known. In this study, we hypothesized VHL negatively regulates Th17 differentiation and deletion of VHL in CD4 T cells would elevate HIF-1α and increase Th17 differentiation. Unexpectedly, we found that VHL promotes Th17 differentiation. Mice deficient in VHL in their T cells were resistant to an autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, often mediated by Th17 cells. In vitro Th17 differentiation was impaired in VHL-deficient T cells. In the absence of VHL, Th17 cells had decreased activation of STAT3 and SMAD2, suggesting that VHL indirectly or directly regulates these critical signaling molecules. Gene expression analysis revealed that in Th17 cells, VHL regulates many cellular pathways, including genes encoding proteins involved indirectly or directly in the glycolysis pathway. Compared with wild-type, VHL-deficient Th17 cells had elevated glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Our finding has implications on the design of therapeutics targeting the distinct metabolic needs of T cells to combat chronic inflammatory diseases.
Chẩn đoán trước sinh bệnh thalassemia tại bệnh viện Bệnh viện Phụ Sản Trung Ương
Authors: Dang Thi Hong Thien , Le Hoai Chuong , Hoang Thi Ngoc Lan 
Published: July 2020

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét kết quả xét nghiệm đột biến gen thalassemia từ bệnh phẩm nước ối. Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan giữa kiểu gen của thai với biểu hiện bệnh thalassemia ở mẹ (đặc điểm hồng cầu, huyết sắc tố, tiền sử).
Đối tượng nghiên cứu: 134 phụ nữ có thai được chọc ối và làm xét nghiệm đột biến gen thalassemia từ bệnh phẩm nước ối tại Trung tâm Chẩn đoán trước sinh - bệnh viện Phụ Sản Trung Ương từ tháng 1/2016 đến 12/2018. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang.
Kết quả: có 83 trường hợp được chẩn đoán mang đột biến gen bệnh alpha thalassemia (61,94%), 41 trường hợp mang kiểu gen đồng hợp tử đột biến SEA gây phù thai, và 12 trường hợp mang kiểu gen gây bệnh β-thalassemia thể nặng và 28 trường hợp bình thường (chiếm 20,9%), 100% các thai phụ có hồng cầu nhỏ (MCV<80fl), nhược sắc (MCH<28pg) nhưng chỉ có 67,2% thai phụ có thiếu máu (Hb<110g/l). Chỉ số ferritin và sắt huyết thanh trong giới hạn bình thường ở 70,9% và 85,1% sô thai phụ.
Kết luận: Xét nghiệm đột biến gen thalassemia ở mẫu nước ối của những thai phụ có nguy cơ cao rất giá trị trong việc tư vấn di truyền bệnh thalassemia.
Phẫu thuật nội soi u buồng trứng ở trẻ dưới 15 tuổi tại Bệnh viện Phụ Sản Trung Ương
Authors: Vu Ba Quyet , Ngo Phan Thanh Thuy 
Published: July 2020

Đặt vấn đề: Phẫu thuật nội soi là sự lựa chọn tối ưu cho điều trị u nang buồng trứng ở trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên.
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: mô tả một số đặc điểm về phẫu thuật nội soi u buồng trứng ở trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên tại Bệnh viện Phụ Sản Trung ương từ 5/2016 đến 5/2017. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 82 trường hợp UBT được chẩn đoán và mổ nội soi tại BVPSTU từ 5/2016 đến 5/2017. Thiết kế nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang.
Kết quả: U nang buồng trứng ở trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên thường lành tính. Đau bụng là lý do chủ yếu bệnh nhân vào viện (84,1%). 17,1% được mổ cấp cứu vì xoắn. Mổ nội soi 97,6 % các trường hợp, trong đó mổ bảo tồn buồng trứng chiếm 90,2%.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi là phương pháp khả thi về mặt kỹ thuật, an toàn và hiệu quả cao trong điều trị u buồng trứng bảo tồn chức năng sinh sản ở trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên.