bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of structure analyses and core collections for the
management of walnut genetic resources
Authors: Bernard Anthony , Barreneche Teresa , Donkpegan Armel , Lheureux Fabrice , Dirlewanger Elisabeth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe preservation of maximum diversity within the smallest number of
accessions is one of the challenges of germplasm management, and the assessment of
the population structure, the relationships between the accessions, and the
construction of core collections are the key steps. The choice of suitable molecular
markers is often the starting point. In this study, we analyzed a part of the INRAE
walnut germplasm collection, which is highly diverse and unique in Europe,
consisting of 150 accessions from American, European, and Asian continents. Based on
genotypic data already available, using 13 SSRs or 364,275 SNPs, we showed that the
first level of structure is detected equally. We also highlighted empirically that
approximately 100 SNPs are needed to obtain similar clustering to 13 SSRs in
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). We constructed eight core collections
following two strategies (percentage of total allelic diversity or number of
accessions) and two construction methods based on different algorithms (“maximum
length subtree” and “entry-to-nearest-entry” methods). We showed that core
collections based on few SSR markers are able to capture at least 99.5% of the SNP
allelic diversity, irrespective of the construction method used. Then, core
collections based on each marker type are highly similar, using both construction
methods. All these steps are crucial to identify the suitable tools and methods to
improve plant genetic resources management.
Mechanisms of action of ionic liquids on living cells: the state of the art
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Pillai Visakh V.S. , Benedetto Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are a relatively new class of organic electrolytes composed of an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion, whose melting temperature falls around room-temperature. In the last 20 years, the toxicity of ILs towards cells and micro-organisms has been heavily investigated with the main aim to assess the risks associated with their potential use in (industrial) applications, and to develop strategies to design greener ILs. Toxicity, however, is synonym with affinity, and this has stimulated, in turn, a series of biophysical and chemical-physical investigations as well as few biochemical studies focused on the mechanisms of action (MoAs) of ILs, key step in the development of applications in bio-nanomedicine and bio-nanotechnology. This review has the intent to present an overview of the state of the art of the MoAs of ILs, which have been the focus of a limited number of studies but still sufficient enough to provide a first glimpse on the subject. The overall picture that emerges is quite intriguing and shows that ILs interact with cells in a variety of different mechanisms, including alteration of lipid distribution and cell membrane viscoelasticity, disruption of cell and nuclear membranes, mitochondrial permeabilization and dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species, chloroplast damage (in plants), alteration of transmembrane and cytoplasmatic proteins/enzyme functions, alteration of signaling pathways, and DNA fragmentation. Together with our earlier review work on the biophysics and chemical-physics of IL-cell membrane interactions (Biophys. Rev. 9:309, 2017), we hope that the present review, focused instead on the biochemical aspects, will stimulate a series of new investigations and discoveries in the still new and interdisciplinary field of “ILs, biomolecules, and cells.”
Detection of Fracture in Steel Members of Building Structures by Microstrain Measurement
Authors: Iyama Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses a possibility of detecting structural damage caused by an earthquake, by measuring the time history of the strain of beams and columns before and/or after the earthquake. An index called “local stiffness” is defined as the ratio of section force amplitude to representative displacement amplitude, and this ratio can be physically interpreted as stiffness. By calculating section force amplitude at a section or node from the measured strain amplitude under a microtremor or small aftershocks and comparing it with the results of a static pushover analysis, it becomes possible to detect any structural damage, such as fractures. This methodology was applied and the microstrain data of a steel moment frame were measured in a large-scale shaking table test; beam-end fractures were observed after some excitation tests. After the beam-end fracture formed, the measured local stiffness dropped significantly below the analysis value, indicating the possibility of employing this value to detect fractures using the analysis value as a threshold value.
Full-scale multi-functional test platform for investigating mechanical performance of track–subgrade systems of high-speed railways
Authors: Zhai Wanming , Wang Kaiyun , Chen Zhaowei , Zhu Shengyang , Cai Chengbiao , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivated by the huge practical engineering demand for the fundamental understanding of mechanical characteristics of high-speed railway infrastructure, a full-scale multi-functional test platform for high-speed railway track–subgrade system is developed in this paper, and its main functions for investigating the mechanical performance of track–subgrade systems are elaborated with three typical experimental examples. Comprising the full-scale subgrade structure and all the five types of track structures adopted in Chinese high-speed railways, namely the CRTS I, the CRTS II and the CRTS III ballastless tracks, the double-block ballastless track and the ballasted track, the test platform is established strictly according to the construction standard of Chinese high-speed railways. Three kinds of effective loading methods are employed, including the real bogie loading, multi-point loading and the impact loading. Various types of sensors are adopted in different components of the five types of track–subgrade systems to measure the displacement, acceleration, pressure, structural strain and deformation, etc. Utilizing this test platform, both dynamic characteristics and long-term performance evolution of high-speed railway track–subgrade systems can be investigated, being able to satisfy the actual demand for large-scale operation of Chinese high-speed railways. As examples, three typical experimental studies are presented to elucidate the comprehensive functionalities of the full-scale multi-functional test platform for exploring the dynamic performance and its long-term evolution of ballastless track systems and for studying the long-term accumulative settlement of the ballasted track–subgrade system in high-speed railways. Some interesting phenomena and meaningful results are captured by the developed test platform, which provide a useful guidance for the scientific operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure.
Matrix Representations of Asymmetric Truncated Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Jurasik Joanna , Łanucha Bartosz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the matrix representations of asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators acting between two finite-dimensional model spaces$$K_1$$K1and$$K_2$$K2. The novelty of our approach is that here we consider matrix representations computed with respect to bases of different type in$$K_1$$K1and$$K_2$$K2(for example, kernel basis in$$K_1$$K1and conjugate kernel basis in$$K_2$$K2). We thus obtain new matrix characterizations which are simpler than the ones already known for asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators.
Higher cut-offs for the number of lymph nodes harvested do not predict better prognosis in patients with colon cancer
Authors: Guner Osman S. , Tumay Latif V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Current threshold for minimum lymph node harvest may not be adequate for appropriate staging in colon cancer and newer surgical techniques may allow more lymph nodes to be harvested. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic role of harvesting and examining lymph nodes higher in number than the recommended threshold (≥12), in patients with colon cancer.Methods This retrospective study included 179 patients that underwent open colon resection for adenocarcinoma of the colon. A D3 resection with high vascular ligation was made so that large number of lymph nodes was removed in most patients. Differences in overall survival between below and above three cutoff points (≥18, ≥24, ≥40) were estimated.Results During median 33 months of follow-up, 45 patients died and mean overall survival was 108.7 ± 5.6 months (95% CI, 97.7–119.7). The mean number of lymph nodes harvested and examined was 44.0 ± 25.7 (median 38; range, 7–150). No significant effect was found for three different cut-off values (≥18, ≥24, or ≥40 nodes) on mean overall survival (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). The same was true for the whole study population as well as for N0 (N negative) and N1-2 (N positive) patient subgroups, when they are analyzed separately.Conclusions Our findings do not support the survival benefit of substantially higher number of lymph nodes harvested in colon cancer.
Freedom in Marriage? Manumission for Marriage in the Roman World
Authors: Huemoeller Katharine P. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines marriage as a pathway to free status for enslaved women in the early imperial Roman world, arguing that women manumitted for marriage to their former owners experienced a qualified form of freedom. Analysis of a funerary altar from early imperial Rome alongside larger bodies of legal and epigraphic evidence shows that in this transactional mode of manumission, enslaved women paid for their freedom by foregoing certain privileges, including, to varying degrees, the ability to enter and exit the marriage at will and the separation of their property from that of their husbands. Through a close examination of one mode of manumission and the unequal unions that resulted from it, this paper offers further evidence that freedom was not uniform, but varied in its meaning depending on who achieved it and by what means.
Artificial Intelligence and Race: a Systematic Review
Authors: Intahchomphoo Channarong , Gundersen Odd Erik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines peer-reviewed publications to learn about the relationships between artificial intelligence (AI) and the human race. For this systematic review, papers were collected from three academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. From 1,222 papers reviewed, 36 papers were included. The findings indicate that there are four relationships between AI and race (i). AI causes unequal opportunities for people from certain racial groups, (ii). AI helps to detect racial discrimination, (iii). AI is applied to study health conditions of specific racial population groups, and (iv). AI is used to study demographics and facial images of people from different racial backgrounds. To widen the knowledge related to AI and race, all four finding categories in this review included supplementary studies as lessons learned for legal information management research. The authors, Channarong Intahchomphoo and Odd Erik Gundersen, use these findings to discuss how AI could impact libraries and how legal information management professionals might have to cope with the problem of biased AI.
Laterally Transported Particles From Margins Serve as a Major Carbon and Energy Source for Dark Ocean Ecosystems
Authors: Shen Jiaming , Jiao Nianzhi , Dai Minhan , Wang Haili , Qiu Guoqiang , Chen Jianfang , Li Hongliang , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Yang Jin‐Yu Terence , Cai Pinghe , Zhou Kuanbo , Yang Weifeng , Zhu Yifan , Liu Zhiyu , Chen Mingming , Zuo Zuhui , Gaye Birgit , Wiesner Martin G. , Zhang Yao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeep ocean microorganisms consume particulate organic matter that is produced in the surface ocean and exported to deeper depths. Such consumption not only enriches inorganic carbon in the deep ocean but also transforms organic carbon into recalcitrant forms, creating an alternative type of carbon sequestration. However, estimates of deep microbial carbon demand substantially exceed the available particulate organic carbon exported from the euphotic zone, resulting in an unbalanced dark ocean carbon budget. Here, we combined field‐based microbial activity parameters, integrated multiyear particle export flux data, sinking particle fluxes measured by sediment traps, and optical data from Biogeochemical‐Argo floats to quantify the main sources of organic carbon to the dark ocean. Laterally transported particles (including sinking and suspended particles) serve as a major energy source, which directly provide organic carbon and enhance new organic carbon production by dark carbon fixation, reconciling the mismatch in the regional carbon budget.
First‐Principles Diffusivity Ratios for Kinetic Isotope Fractionation of Water in Air
Authors: Hellmann Robert , Harvey Allan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKinetic isotope fractionation between water vapor and liquid water or ice depends on the ratio of the diffusivities of the isotopic species in air, but there is disagreement as to the values of these ratios and limited information about their temperature dependence. We use state‐of‐the‐art intermolecular potential‐energy surfaces for the water‐nitrogen and water‐oxygen pairs, along with the kinetic theory of molecular gases, to calculate from first principles the diffusivities of water isotopologues in air. The method has sufficient precision to produce accurate diffusivity ratios. For the HDO/H2O ratio, we find that the often used hard‐sphere kinetic theory is significantly in error and confirm the 1978 experimental result of Merlivat. For the ratios involving 17O and 18O, the simple kinetic theory is relatively close to our more rigorous results. We provide diffusivity ratios from 190 K to 500 K, greatly expanding the range of temperatures for which these ratios are available.
Jurassic to Cenozoic Magmatic and Geodynamic Evolution of the Eastern Pontides and Caucasus Belts, and Their Relationship With the Eastern Black Sea Basin Opening
Authors: Hässig Marc , Moritz Robert , Ulianov Alexey , Popkhadze Nino , Galoyan Ghazar , Enukidze Onise 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe magmatic arcs of the Eastern Pontides and Lesser Caucasus lie in continuation from one another. A comparison of the subduction‐related magmatic rocks outcropping throughout this segment of the Northern Tethyan belt exhibits chronological disparities, questioning the common subduction history of the Eastern Pontides and the Lesser Caucasus regions. New data and observations including geochronological and geochemical data, relative to subduction‐ to collision‐related magmatic rocks, argue a novel paleogeographic reconstruction illustrating Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of this region. Jurassic to Early Cretaceous arc magmatism runs mainly from the Sochi‐Ritsa/Bechasyn regions (Greater Caucasus) toward the southeast to the Alaverdi region and further into the Lesser Caucasus. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic arc magmatism is evidenced throughout the Eastern Pontides extending through the Bolnisi region to the Lesser Caucasus arc. East to west, Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic portions of arc split to the north and south of the Eastern Black Sea, respectively. Throughout Cretaceous subduction, this segment of the magmatic arc of the Southern Eurasian margin was torn in two due to the oblique opening of the Eastern Black Sea as a back‐arc to intra‐arc basin, from west to east. This reconstitution implies that the Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous subduction‐related magmatic rocks of the Greater Caucasus are remnant portions of the Eastern Pontides and Lesser Caucasus arcs. This infers the emplacement of subduction‐ to collision‐related magmatic rocks throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic along the entire Southern Eurasian margin is solely due to a single long‐lasting north dipping subduction.
Frequency Dependence of In Situ Transmissivity Estimation of Well‐Aquifer Systems From Periodic Loadings
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Shi Zheming , Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstimating the hydraulic parameters of a target aquifer is key to properly evaluating the groundwater resources. Conventional methods are costly, and measurements are infrequent. There are currently four popular methods for estimating aquifer parameters using the response of the well water level to a periodic loading. However, the differences and accuracy of the results obtained by these methods are still poorly understood. This study compares the four response models. We analyze the mechanisms of the phase lag between well water level and periodic loadings during such loading and discuss the applicability of each model. Taking the Jingle well in Shanxi Province as an example, hydraulic parameters were estimated using different models and compared. The results show that the aquifer transmissivity estimated using the periodic response methods depends on the loading frequency. This dependency is mainly determined by the difference between the actual aquifer transmissivity and the upper limit of transmissivity resolvable by the model. The tidal and barometric pressure response methods are suitable for low transmissivity aquifers, while seismic wave suitable is responsible for high transmissivity aquifers.
Metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer determined with photoacoustic microscopy via dual-targeting nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Yanfeng , Yu Xiang , Wei Jianshuang , Zeng Fanxin , Li Yiran , Yang Xiaoquan , Luo Qingming , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDetection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is critical to guide the treatment of breast cancer. However, distinguishing metastatic SLNs from normal and inflamed lymph nodes (LNs) during surgical resection remains a challenge. Here, we report a CD44 and scavenger receptor class B1 dual-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticle (5K-HA-HPPS) loaded with the near-infra-red fluorescent dye DiR-BOA for SLN imaging in breast cancer. The small sized (~40 nm) self-assembled 5K-HA-HPPSs accumulated rapidly in the SLNs after intradermal injection. Compared with normal popliteal LNs (N-LN), there were ~3.2-fold and ~2.4-fold increases in fluorescence intensity in tumour metastatic SLNs (T-MLN) and inflamed LNs (Inf-LN), respectively, 6 h after nanoparticle inoculation. More importantly, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) of 5K-HA-HPPS showed a significantly distinct distribution in T-MLN compared with N-LN and Inf-LN. Signals were mainly distributed at the centre of T-MLN but at the periphery of N-LN and Inf-LN. The ratio of PA intensity (R) at the centre of the LNs compared with that at the periphery was 5.93 ± 0.75 for T-MLNs of the 5K-HA-HPPS group, which was much higher than that for the Inf-LNs (R = 0.2 ± 0.07) and N-LNs (R = 0.45 ± 0.09). These results suggest that 5K-HA-HPPS injection combined with PAM provides a powerful tool for distinguishing metastatic SLNs from pLNs and inflamed LNs, thus guiding the removal of SLNs during breast cancer surgery.
Novel urinary protein biomarker panel for early diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Shimura Takaya , Dayde Delphine , Wang Hong , Okuda Yusuke , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Ebi Masahide , Kitagawa Mika , Yamada Tamaki , Yamada Tomonori , Hanash Samir M. , Taguchi Ayumu , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
With the goal of discovering non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of GC, we conducted a case-control study utilising urine samples from individuals with predominantly early GC vs. healthy control (HC).

Methods
Among urine samples from 372 patients, age- and sex-matched 282 patients were randomly divided into three groups: 18 patients in a discovery cohort; 176 patients in a training cohort and 88 patients in a validation cohort.

Results
Among urinary proteins identified in the comprehensive quantitative proteomics analysis, urinary levels of TFF1 (uTFF1) and ADAM12 (uADAM12) were significantly independent diagnostic biomarkers for GC, in addition to Helicobacter pylori status. A urinary biomarker panel combining uTFF1, uADAM12 and H. pylori significantly distinguished between HC and GC patients in both training and validation cohorts. On the analysis for sex-specific biomarkers, this combination panel demonstrated a good AUC of 0.858 for male GC, whereas another combination panel of uTFF1, uBARD1 and H. pylori also provided a good AUC of 0.893 for female GC. Notably, each panel could distinguish even stage I GC patients from HC patients (AUC = 0.850 for males; AUC = 0.845 for females).

Conclusions
Novel urinary protein biomarker panels represent promising non-invasive biomarkers for GC, including early-stage disease.
Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer
Authors: Xu Yan , Xiang Zheng , Alnaggar Mohammed , Kouakanou Léonce , Li Jiawei , He Junyi , Yang Jiashuang , Hu Yi , Chen Yan , Lin Li , Hao Jianlei , Li Jingxia , Chen Jibing , Li Man , Wu Qingling , Peters Christian , Zhou Qinghua , Li Jianshuang , Liang Yingqing , Wang Xiaohua , Han Baohui , Ma Meili , Kabelitz Dieter , Xu Kecheng , Tu Wenwei , Wu Yangzhe , Yin Zhinan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. Then, we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expanded γδ T cells in vivo; furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.