bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proglucagon-Derived Peptides, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Mechanisms of Action in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Beaudry Jacqueline L , Drucker Daniel J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) and related gut hormones exemplified by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate energy disposal and storage through actions on metabolically sensitive organs, including adipose tissue. The actions of glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, GIP, and their rate-limiting enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, include direct and indirect regulation of islet hormone secretion, food intake, body weight, all contributing to control of white and brown adipose tissue activity. Moreover, agents mimicking actions of these peptides are in use for the therapy of metabolic disorders with disordered energy homeostasis such as diabetes, obesity, and intestinal failure. Here we highlight current concepts and mechanisms for direct and indirect actions of these peptides on adipose tissue depots. The available data highlight the importance of indirect peptide actions for control of adipose tissue biology, consistent with the very low level of endogenous peptide receptor expression within white and brown adipose tissue depots. Finally, we discuss limitations and challenges for the interpretation of available experimental observations, coupled to identification of enduring concepts supported by more robust evidence.
The role of integrins in Drosophila egg chamber morphogenesis
Authors: Lovegrove Holly E. , Bergstralh Dan T. , St Johnston Daniel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The Drosophila egg chamber comprises a germline cyst surrounded by a tightly organised epithelial monolayer, the follicular epithelium (FE). Loss of integrin function from the FE disrupts epithelial organisation at egg chamber termini, but the cause of this phenotype remains unclear. Here, we show that the β-integrin Myospheroid (Mys) is only required during early oogenesis when the pre-follicle cells form the FE. Mutation of mys disrupts both the formation of a monolayered epithelium at egg chamber termini and the morphogenesis of the stalk between adjacent egg chambers, which develops through the intercalation of two rows of cells into a single-cell-wide stalk. Secondary epithelia, like the FE, have been proposed to require adhesion to the basement membrane to polarise. However, Mys is not required for pre-follicle cell polarisation, as both follicle and stalk cells localise polarity factors correctly, despite being mispositioned. Instead, loss of integrins causes pre-follicle cells to constrict basally, detach from the basement membrane and become internalised. Thus, integrin function is dispensable for pre-follicle cell polarity but is required to maintain cellular organisation and cell shape during morphogenesis.
Minimal in vivo requirements for developmentally regulated cardiac long intergenic non-coding RNAs
Authors: George Matthew R. , Duan Qiming , Nagle Abigail , Kathiriya Irfan S. , Huang Yu , Rao Kavitha , Haldar Saptarsi M. , Bruneau Benoit G. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been implicated in gene regulation, but their requirement for development needs empirical interrogation. We computationally identified nine murine lincRNAs that have developmentally regulated transcriptional and epigenomic profiles specific to early heart differentiation. Six of the nine lincRNAs had in vivo expression patterns supporting a potential function in heart development, including a transcript downstream of the cardiac transcription factor Hand2, which we named Handlr (Hand2-associated lincRNA), Rubie and Atcayos. We genetically ablated these six lincRNAs in mouse, which suggested genomic regulatory roles for four of the cohort. However, none of the lincRNA deletions led to severe cardiac phenotypes. Thus, we stressed the hearts of adult Handlr and Atcayos mutant mice by transverse aortic banding and found that absence of these lincRNAs did not affect cardiac hypertrophy or left ventricular function post-stress. Our results support roles for lincRNA transcripts and/or transcription in the regulation of topologically associated genes. However, the individual importance of developmentally specific lincRNAs is yet to be established. Their status as either gene-like entities or epigenetic components of the nucleus should be further considered.
The impact of structured counselling on patient knowledge at a private TB program in Karachi
Authors: Sajjad Sheikh Sulaiman , Sajid Nabila , Fatimi Asad , Maqbool Nawal , Ansari Naila Baig , Amanullah Farhana 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of structured counselling on the knowledge of patients and families attending the Tuberculosis (TB) clinic at the Indus Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: This was a case control study conducted from 17th December 2018 to 28th December 2018 at The Indus Hospital, Karachi. We evaluated the baseline knowledge regarding TB in 60 patients and families, 30 of whom had undergone at least one counselling session at the TB clinic. We then compared the scores achieved by each group in three main categories of tuberculosis: disease, treatment and prevention.
Results: The average scores in all three categories of TB knowledge were higher in counselled participants compared to non-counselled participants.
Conclusion: We found that structured counselling resulted in improved patient knowledge and clarified common misconceptions about TB which has been shown to result in improved patient outcomes. Effective counselling is an easy to implement strategy in a low resource setting. A trained psychosocial counsellor is essential for every TB program in Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1713
How to cite this:Sajjad SS, Sajid N, Fatimi A, Maqbool N, Baig-Ansari N, Amanullah F. The impact of structured counselling on patient knowledge at a private TB program in Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S49-S54. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1713
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
População urbana exposta aos riscos de deslizamentos, inundações e enxurradas no Brasil
Authors: Saito Silvia Midori , Dias Mariane Carvalho de Assis , Alvalá Regina Célia dos Santos , Stenner Claudio , Franco Cayo , Ribeiro Julia Vicente Martins , Souza Pilar Amadeu de , Santana Rodrigo Amorim Souza de Moraes 
Published: November 2019

O conhecimento sobre a população urbana expostos ao risco de desastres é imprescindível para o planejamento de ações de prevenção e resposta. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as condições de exposição de grupos populacionais em áreas de risco de desastres em 479 municípios brasileiros. O procedimento metodológico baseou-se na associação de dados censitários e de áreas de risco de deslizamentos, enxurradas e inundações. A base de dados foi constituída de dados sociodemográficos e ambientais, que permitiu caracterizar os moradores e as moradias em áreas de risco. Os resultados evidenciaram que o maior total de pessoas expostas estava na região Sudeste do país, embora, em termos proporcionais, na região Nordeste 15 a cada 100 pessoas viviam em áreas de risco. Estes dados permitem selecionar áreas que demandam ações prioritárias, auxiliando na implementação de políticas públicas regionais que promovam a redução de danos humanos no país.
FERMENTED MILK PRODUCT FOR SPORTS NUTRITION
Authors: Zakharova L , Pushmina I , Pushmina V , Kudriavtsev M , Sitnichuk S 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The article deals with the study of technological approaches to the quality and deve­lopment of a functional fermented milk product for specialized sports nutrition. Materials and methods. Skim milk, whey protein concentrate, and starter cultures (DELVO-YOG®, DIRECT SET) were used for the study. Bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis) were introduced as a probiotic. Creatine monohydrate (Creatine Powder C4N9O2N3, USA) was used as an element of sports nutrition. The fruit fillers (“Green Apple”, “Blueberry”, produced by “Zuegg”, Italy) were also introduced into the product. The research was conducted using standard and original methods, mathematical modeling, and statistical processing of experimental data. Results. The obtained data on the physiological effects of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients, enhancing the adaptive capacity to the physical and neuro-emotional stress, indicate the need for their use in the technology of specialized food for athletes. Technological approaches to the quality of a functional fermented milk product for sports nutrition were studied. Based on a combination of milk, whey protein concentrate, starter cultures, and bifidobacteria, a fermented milk product was designed. This product is intended for athletes during training, competition, and recovery. The introduction of creatine monohydrate into the milk base allowed enriching the product with amino acids. Conclusion. This study is of great interest in terms of getting yogurts with the textural properties similar to the traditional ones but with the use of functional ingredients. The study also contributes to the development of food technologies and products for sports nutrition.
HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOL DAILY ROUTINE
Authors: Vedernikova O , Kleschenkova N , Ushakov A , Perelman E 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of this article is to develop and justify a complex of physical education and health improvement activities, including swimming, for 4–5-year-old children. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of “A” and “B” preschool establishments in Chelyabinsk. 44 boys and girls aged 4–5 years participated in the study. Children from kindergarten “A” were involved in swimming with a complex of additional health improvement activities, including sauna, phytotherapy, and cold exposure training. During the study, the following methods have been used: the analysis and synthesis of special and methodical literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, control tests for swimming skills assessment, calculation methods, mathematical statistics. Results. The application of the complex proposed (sauna, cold exposure training, phytotherapy) in the experimental group decreased significantly children’s disease frequency by the end of the course. This proves a positive influence of the complex proposed on immunity in 4–5-year-old children in preschool establishments. Conclusion. Methodical peculiarities of a health improvement program influenced the level of children’s swimming skills. The analysis of disease frequency during a year allows us to suppose that the complex proposed influenced positively body resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions
Interference of anti-streptavidin antibodies in immunoassays: a very rare phenomenon or a more common finding?
Authors: Verougstraete Nick , Berth Mario , Vaneechoutte Mario , Delanghe Joris , Callewaert Nico 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Anti-streptavidin antibodies (ASA) may cause analytical interference on certain immunoassay platforms. Streptavidin is purified from the non-pathogenic Streptomyces avidinii soil bacterium. In contrast to interference with biotin, ASA interference is supposed to be much rarer. In-depth studies on this topic are lacking. Therefore, we carried out an analysis toward the prevalence and the possible underlying cause of this interference.

Methods
Anti-streptavidin (AS)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and AS-IgM concentrations were determined on multiple samples from two patients with ASA interference and on 500 random samples. On a subset of 100 samples, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured on a Cobas analyzer before and after performing a neutralization protocol which removes ASA. The relationship between the ratio of TSH after neutralization/TSH before neutralization and the ASA concentration was evaluated. Subsequently, an extract of S. avidinii colonies was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting.

Results
A positive correlation between AS-IgM concentrations and TSH ratio was obtained. Eight samples out of 500 exceeded the calculated AS-IgM cut-off value. In comparison to the AS-IgM concentrations in the population, titers from the two described cases clearly stood out. The isolated cases represent the end of a broader spectrum as there is a continuum of AS-IgM reactivity in the general population. We could not observe any differences in the immunoblot patterns between the cases and controls, which may indicate the general presence of ASA in the population.

Conclusions
Interference due to ASA is more prevalent than initially thought and is caused by IgM antibodies.
Brexit and its Impact on the Pound in the Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Pilbeam Keith 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we outline the impact and likely future impact of Brexit on the pound. We argue that Brexit implies a significant depreciation of the pound and the degree of depreciation required is heavily linked to whether there will be a soft or hard Brexit. We find that the pound has had broadly similar depreciations to date against both the dollar and the euro. Brexit has considerably raised UK economic policy uncertainty and this, in turn, has at times led to an significant increase in future implied volatility of the pound. While there is an overall link between the state of the ongoing Brexit negotiations with the European Union and movements in the pound in the foreign exchange market, the link is not especially strong unless the perception that the negotiations are going badly has exceeded 60%.
How Britain Will React to a WTO-Based Brexit
Authors: Minford Patrick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The government of Boris Johnson has restarted negotiations with the EU over the proposed Withdrawal Agreement. If these fail the UK will exit without an agreed trade deal. This exit would not however be ‘lawless’, with unknown and chaotic consequences. Trade is governed in both the UK and the EU by WTO rules and these are highly prescriptive, preventing both sides from imposing border hold-ups and imposing arbitrary new standards on exporters whose products have long satisfied existing standards. Chaos produced by such state behaviour would be illegal and so is highly unlikely. Consequently such a ‘no deal’ would lead to the speediest Brexit, and avoid any UK financial contribution. It would also allow the rapid conclusion of FTAs with the US and other major trading partners, driving UK prices to world levels rapidly. Without an EU FTA tariffs would have to be imposed by both sides; their incidence would fall on EU traders who would have to match the world prices now prevailing in the UK market. Technically therefore no deal is the UK’s best option while it is damaging to the EU. However undoubtedly the UK would welcome a deal for reasons of good neighbourliness.
Buck Rogers in the 25th century: Transmedia extensions of a pulp hero
Authors: Bertetti Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTheBuck Rogers in the 25th century A.D.comic strip first appeared in the newspapers on 7 January 1929, an important moment in the history of comics. It was the first science fiction comic strip, and, along withTarzan– which curiously debuted in comics the same day – the first adventure comic. However, many people are unawere that the origins of Buck Rogers are not rooted in comic strips, but in popular literature. In fact, Anthony Rogers (not yet “Buck”) was the main character of two novellas published in the late 1920 s inAmazing stories, the first pulp magazine:Armageddon 2419 A.D.(August 1928) and its sequel,The airlords of Han(March 1929). At first, the stories in the daily comic strips closely followed those of the novels, but soon the Buck Rogers universe expanded to include the entire solar system and beyond. This expansion of the narrative world is particularly evident in the weekly charts published since 1930. Soon, Nowlan’s creature became a real transmedia character: in the following years Buck appeared in a radio drama series (aired from 1932 until 1947), in a 12-episode 1939 movie serial, as well as in a 1950/51 TV series. Toys, Big Little Books, pop-up books, and commercial gifts related to the character were produced, before the newspaper comic strip ended its run in 1967. In recent years, the character has been reeboted a couple of times, linked to the TV series of the late 1980 s and to a new comic book series starting in 2009. Buck Rogers thus found himself at the centre of a truly character-oriented franchise, showing how transmedia characters can be traced back almost to the origins of the modern cultural industry. The following article focuses on the features that distinguish Buck Rogers as a character and on the changes of his identity across media, presenting a revised version of an analytical model to investigate transmedia characters that has been developed in previous publications.
Versifying Batman: Superheroes in contemporary poetry
Authors: Thoss Jeff 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the late 1980 s, poets from the US and, to a lesser extent, the UK have increasingly featured superheroes in their work, mostly appropriating iconic figures along the lines of Batman or Superman and exploring some aspect of their personality (e. g., Batman’s relationship to Robin, Superman’s loneliness) in dramatic monologues. The prevailing if not sole account of this phenomenon argues that these characters provide a shared mythology to a generation of writers to whom biblical and classical references are no longer readily available. It also ties the superheroes’ provenance exclusively to the medium of comics. This latter point, in particular, is open to debate, insofar as since the late 1980 s, superheroes are, more than ever, part of media franchises that treat comic books as but one among many outlets. The present article hence views the superheroes in poetry not so much as an appropriation of comic book but of transmedia characters. Simon Armitage’s seminal poem “Kid” (1992), for instance – a diatribe by Robin directed at Batman’s dismissal of him – resonates as much with the 1960 s TV series or Tim Burton’sBatmanfilms (1989, 1992) as with the dark knight’s reinvention at the hands of comic book writers such as Frank Miller or Alan Moore. At the same time, the article aims to locate the place of the seemingly insular genre of poetry within a “convergence culture” that disseminates superheroes in the media ecology. Evidently, the “superhero poems” are not licensed creations that partake in officially sanctioned transmedia networks. Neither, however, are they a product of fandom and participatory culture. Instead, I would suggest that poetry here tentatively engages with the media culture that has factored into its marginalization during the past decades.
“We don’t get to stay the same way we started”:The walking dead, augmented television, and sociological character-building
Authors: Freeman Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dominant turn towards transmediality across the contemporary media industries has brought a range of emerging digital innovations and new possibilities for telling stories, be it in interactive television experiences, apps, social media, and so on. Despite such rich possibilities, the transmedia phenomenon has also arguably led to a kind of indirect flattening out of how we now understand different media forms, platforms, stories, and even characters. This article will explore the character-building practices that have been employed in augmenting the televisual experience ofThe walking dead(2010–present) across platforms. It looks atThe walking dead: Red machete(2017–2018), a six-part webisode series available on AMC’s website, the AMC Story Sync facility (2012–present), a double-screen application designed to enable audiences to post live comments about the episodes, respond to surveys, and talk to other audiences via a chat platform, and finally AMC’sTalking dead(2011–present), a 30-minute accompanying talk show. I demonstrate how these three examples of what I callaugmented televisiondraw on sociological and anthropological notions of communication, modern social life, and environment in ways that present chances for what I callsociological character-building.
The place of secondary complete cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Jennifer Asmar , Iptissem Naoura , Aurélie Revaux , Philippe Kadhel , Marc Ayoubi Jean 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Despite optimal treatment, three-quarters of the patients with advanced ovarian cancer, experiment relapse and its treatment has become a public health issue. Initially debated, surgery is gaining legitimacy in the treatment of late relapse patients, compared to chemotherapy alone. Secondary complete cytoreduction should be proposed only to a highly selected population. The type of surgery depends on the recurrence localization and the relapse extension in the pelvis and to other organs. Innovating techniques of surgery have become widespread including heated intra peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), laparoscopy and robotic surgery. These specialized treatments should only be carried out in reference centers by oncological surgeons.
Exploitation of Mold Flux for the Ti-bearing Welding Wire Steel ER80-G
Authors: Piao Zhanlong , Zhu Liguang , Wang Xingjuan , Liu Zengxun , Jin Hebin , Zhang Xiaoshi , Wang Quanli , Kong Chao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the surface defects of strand, the mold flux is exploited for the Ti-bearing welding wire steel ER80-G. The composition of mold flux is designed by analyzing the solidification characteristics of ER80-G and the slag system isothermal section diagram, simulating by the FactSage thermodynamics software. The Ti-bearing welding wire steel ER80-G belongs to the peritectic steel. The melting point range of the newly designed mold flux system is from 1030∘C to 1129∘C, the melting rate range is from 58 s to 64 s, the viscosity range at the temperature of 1300∘C is from 0.33 Pa·s to 0.50 Pa·s, the crystallization temperature range is from 1160∘C to 1293∘C, the crystalline fraction range is from 34% to 85%. The surface defects of strand which transverse depression, longitudinal depression, slag runner and so on were obviously improved when the newly design mold flux F3, F5, F9 were used to the production respectively. Those results suggest that 0.9 basicity with 28.4%-CaO, 31.6%-SiO2,3%-MgO, 10%-Na2O, 10%-CaF2, 6%-Al2O3, 1%-Fe2O3, 10%-Tcand all groups with 1.0 and 1.1 basicity show the best properties for Ti-bearing welding wire steel ER80-G.