bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric Structure of the Central Andes Forearc from Gravity Data Modeling: Implication for Plate Coupling
Authors: Gushurst Greg , Mahatsente Rezene 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Geodetic and seismological data indicates that the Central Andes subduction zone is highly coupled. To understand the plate locking mechanism within the Central Andes, we developed 2.5-D gravity models of the lithosphere and assessed the region’s isostatic state. The densities within the gravity models are based on satellite and surface gravity data and constrained by previous tomographic studies. The gravity models indicate a high-density (~2940 kg m-3) forearc structure in the overriding South American continental lithosphere, which is higher than the average density of the continental crust. This structure produces an anomalous pressure (20-40 MPa) on the subducting Nazca plate, contributing to intraplate coupling within the Central Andes. The anomalous lithostatic pressure and buoyancy force may be controlling plate coupling and asperity generation in the Central Andes. The high-density forearc structure could be a batholith or ophiolite emplaced onto the continental crust. The isostatic state of the Central Andes and Nazca plate is assessed based on residual topography (difference between observed and isostatic topography). The West-Central Andes and Nazca ridge have ~0.78 km of residual topography, indicating undercompensation. The crustal thickness beneath the West-Central Andes may not be sufficient to isostatically support the observed topography. This residual topography may be partially supported by small-scale convective cells in the mantle wedge. The residual topography in the Nazca ridge may be attributed to density differences between the subducting Nazca slab and the Nazca ridge. The high density of the subducted Nazca slab has a downward buoyancy force, while the less dense Nazca ridge provides an upward buoyancy force. These two forces may effectively raise the Nazca ridge to its current-day elevation.
Diagnostic biomarker candidates for pulpitis revealed by bioinformatics analysis of merged microarray gene expression datasets
Authors: Chen Ming , Zeng Junkai , Yang Yeqing , Wu Buling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulpitis is an inflammatory disease, the grade of which is classified according to the level of inflammation. Traditional methods of evaluating the status of dental pulp tissue in clinical practice have limitations. The rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulpitis is essential for determining the appropriate treatment. By integrating different datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we analysed a merged expression matrix of pulpitis, aiming to identify biological pathways and diagnostic biomarkers of pulpitis. Methods: By integrating two datasets (GSE77459 and GSE92681) in the GEO database using the sva and limma packages of R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of pulpitis were identified. Then, the DEGs were analysed to identify biological pathways of dental pulp inflammation with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and modules were constructed to identify hub genes with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape.Results: A total of 470 DEGs comprising 394 upregulated and 76 downregulated genes were found in pulpitis tissue. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to inflammation, and the enriched pathways in the KEGG pathway analysis were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. The GSEA results provided further functional annotations, including complement system, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway and inflammatory response pathways. According to the degrees of nodes in the PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified, and 8 diagnostic biomarker candidates were screened: PTPRC, CD86, CCL2, IL6, TLR8, MMP9, CXCL8 and ICAM1.
Breastfeeding practices and complementary feeding in Ecuador: implications for localized policy applications and promotion of breastfeeding: a pooled analysis
Authors: Freire Wilma B. , Waters William F. , Roman Diana , Belmont Philippe , Wilkinson-Salamea Emily , Diaz Adrian , Palacios Ivan , Bucheli Enrique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Best practices in breastfeeding are often not followed despite appropriate levels of knowledge and positive attitudes regarding the benefits of human milk. For many reasons, some women do not initiate breastfeeding, suspend breastfeeding early, or initiate complementary feeding earlier than recommended. Usual measurement methods use large sample surveys at a national scale, which are not well suited for monitoring sub-national differences. Methods: In order to understand how local infant feeding practices could influence policy and promotion practices, we apply data pooling methodology to analyse breastfeeding patterns in different Ecuadorian settings: Cumbayá parish, located near Quito, the Ecuadorian capital; the city of Macas and rural surroundings in the Amazon basin province of Morona Santiago; and the province of Galapagos. Surveys were conducted independently between August 2017 and August 2018; while they are representative of each respective setting, sampling designs and survey methods differ, but the same demographic information and data based on standard breastfeeding indicators established by WHO were collected. In order to account for differences in the different settings, the design effect of each survey was considered in the analysis. Results: Significant differences were found in breastfeeding practices between the suburban parish near Quito and Galapagos on one hand and urban and rural parts of Morona Santiago, on the other. The rates of early breastfeeding initiation and age-appropriate breastfeeding are significantly higher in urban and rural Morona Santiago then in Cumbayá or Galapagos, while the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is highest in rural parts of Morona Santiago. No significant differences were found in complementary feeding practices between Cumbayá and Galapagos, but there are with urban and rural Morona Santiago. Initiation of breastfeeding in the first hour after birth occurs in only 36.2 percent of cases in Cumbayá but in 75.4 percent of cases in urban Morona. Conclusions: Differences among regions reflect specific opportunities and barriers to practices related to promoting optimal infant health and nutrition. Consequently, regional or local conditions that often are not apparent in national-level data should orient policies and promotion activities in specific populations.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Self-Reported Cognitive Functioning: Associations of Diverse Measures of Stress across the FMR1 CGG Repeat Range
Authors: Maltman Nell , DaWalt Leann Smith , Hong Jinkuk , Baker Mei Wang , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth M , Brilliant Murray H. , Mailick Marsha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The FMR1 gene is essential for neural development and healthy synaptic function. The modal number of CGG repeats in FMR1 is 30, but the range is large with the reported copy number extending down to as few as 6 CGGs and up to over 200 CGGs. Prior work suggests that behavioral phenotypes, including cognitive function, may vary along the continuum of the FMR1 CGG repeat range. Stress also negatively influences cognitive function; however, it is not known whether FMR1-related variability (i.e., CGG repeat length), in addition to stress, independently influences cognitive function across the CGG range. Methods: Participants included 1275 mothers who had between 18 and 123 CGG repeats. Participants completed self-report measures of executive function (BRIEF-A), memory, subjective stress (i.e., perceived stress), and objective stress (i.e., number of life events, parenting a child with a disability). Stress and CGG repeat length were examined as predictors of self-reported executive function and memory difficulty. Results: Each measure of stress (i.e., perceived stress, life events, and parenting a child with a disability) significantly predicted greater self-reported difficulties in executive function and the likelihood of memory problems, net of age and level of education. Additionally, above and beyond stress effects, CGG repeat number significantly predicted executive functioning and memory difficulties. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CGG repeat length confers independent contributions to self-reported executive function difficulty and memory problems over and above indices of stress, suggesting additive effects of genetic variation and environmental exposure.
Efficacy and safety of a novel personalized navigation template in proximal femoral corrective osteotomy for the treatment of DDH
Authors: shi qiang , Sun Deyi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This present study is aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel personalized navigation template in proximal femoral corrective osteotomy for the treatment of DDH.Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive patients with DDH who underwent proximal femoral corrective osteotomy were evaluated between August 2013 and June 2017. Based on the different surgical methods, they were divided into the conventional group (n = 14) and navigation template group (n = 15). The osteotomy degrees, radiation exposure, and operation time were compared between the two groups.Results: No major complications relating to osteotomy surgery such as redislocation or avascular necrosis occurred in the navigation template group, which had more accurate osteotomy degrees, less radiation exposure, and shorter operation time when compared with the conventional group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was significant difference according to the McKay criteria between the two groups (P=0.0362).Conclusions: The novel personalized navigation template in proximal femoral corrective osteotomy is effective and safe, which could improve the femoral osteotomy accuracy, reduce radiation exposure, and shorten operation time.
Association of the state hope and decisional conflict with the outcomes of an educational intervention to decrease cardiovascular risk in women: mixed methods study in primary health care
Authors: Petricevic Slavica Juric , Pavlicevic Ivancica , Mrduljas-Dujic Natasa , Curcic Liza , Jankovic Sanja Dosen , Skrabic Slavica , Biocina Anita Tolic , Malicki Mario , Buljan Ivan , Marusic Matko , Marusic Ana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPatient education in lifestyle changes has a positive effect on health in individuals with cardiovascular (CV) risk. We analyzed the effect of an educational intervention on women with different menopausal status in relation to their decisional conflict (DC) about treatment for CV risk and hope that their health will improve according to desired expectations.MethodsThis prospective interventional follow-up study exposed women to the intervention consisted of a 60-minute lecture on the change of lifestyle and nutrition habits to reduce CV risk. We measured the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and parameters that increase CV risk, the participants filled in 3 questionnaires and six months after the intervention we collected the participants’ feedback on the intervention.ResultsOut of 104 participants, 102 (98%) completed the study. The intervention significantly decreased the 10-year risk of fatal CVD at three months from median 3.3 (95% CI = 2.6–4.3) to 2.9 (95% CI = 2.2–3.6) (P < 0.001) regardless of their menopausal status. The intervention decreased decisional conflict for all respondents after the intervention, and it remained significantly lower at 3 months, but the overall state hope did not change. Two predictive factors of reduced CV risk were identified: high 10-year risk of fatal CVD at the beginning of the study (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.15–2.13) and smoking status before the intervention (OR = 4.05, 95% CI 1.07–15.51).ConclusionsA brief educational intervention may be effective in reducing CV risk. Hope and decisional conflict seem not to contribute to CV risk reduction, as only poor health and smoking habits were predictive of risk reduction success.Trial registrationTrial was retrospectively registrated in CT.gov in February 28th 2019.Number of protocol: IP-2014-09-7672. Number of registration: NCT03863210.
Analysis of the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Pregnancy with Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Han Ying , Lu Junli , Zhu Lei , Sang Cuiqin , Wang ShuZhen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo summarize the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of pregnancy with gastric cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of pregnant patients with gastric cancer diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2009.1 to 2019.12 were analyzed. Two sex-, age-, and stage- matched controls for each case were identified from the medical data. Clinical characteristics, pathological features and prognosis were summarized.ResultsThe median overall survival time of the pregnancy with gastric cancer and the control group were 8.0 months and 11.0 months, respectively (P = 0.05). The advanced stage was associated with poor prognostic factors. Pregnancy with gastric cancer was associated with a longer time from diagnosis to treatment (19.0 days vs 9.0 days, p = 0.012). The median age was 32 years old (26.0ཞ41.0 years old). The diagnosed time of prengnancy week was 9.0 ~ 37.0 weeks. Of 22 patients, 4 patients had gastric cancer family history. Abdominal pain (6/22, 27.3%) was the most common presentation, and other symptoms were nausea and/or vomiting (3/22, 13.6%), nonspecific dyspepsia (3 cases, 13.6%), and melena (1 case, 4.5%). Other 9 patients (41.0%) were identified with metastatic features, including abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal mass, and jaundice. 5 cases(22.7%) received curative gastrectomy, 5 patients (22.7%) received chemotherapy,and other 12 patients (54.6%) received supportive therapy. ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with gastric cancer in pregnancy is very poor, and patients often cannot be diagnosed in time. The tumor differentiation is poor with advanced stage, always progresses rapidly with high mortality. And the tumor stage was the significant factor influecing the prognosis.
Keyhole Evacuation for moderate basal ganglia Hematoma superior than Craniotomy
Authors: Peng Lu , Zhu Qing , Lan Qing , Cheng Yuan , Liu Guodong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is the most devastate kind of stokes.For basal ganglia hematoma with volume ranged from 30 to 60 ml, different surgical procedures have been recommended by different neurosurgeons.This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and hospitalization cost between keyhole surgery and craniotomy for basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 63 cases of keyhole procedure and 56 cases of craniotomy procedure. Hematoma evacuation rate, infection rate, re-bleeding, operation time, hospitalization cost and outcome were recorded.Results: The evacuation rate was similar in keyhole group and craniotomy group (P>0.05), and infection rate was lower in keyhole group compared to craniotomy group (P<0.05). Mean operation time and hospitalization cost were less in keyhole group than in craniotomy group (P<0.05). Mortality rate between two groups showed no significant differences. The patients operated within 6h had better outcome than those operated between 6-24h (p<0.05).Conclusion: For patients with basal ganglia hematoma ranged from 30-60 ml, keyhole surgery is safe and feasible, and operation within 6 h can improve the prognosis of the patients.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes using the Kyocera Modular Limb Salvage System for Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Rubio Donnel Alexis Ting , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Norio , Shirai Toshiharu , Takeuchi Akihiko , Katou Hideji , Aoki Yu , Higuchi Takashi , Abdelaal Ahmed Hamed Kassem , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Segmental metallic endoprostheses are widely used and important in reconstructive procedures of the lower limb. Most of the currently available endoprostheses are made in Europe or the United States of America and are too large for Asian knees. The Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group developed a tumor prosthesis better suited for Asian skeletal anatomy, the Kyocera Modular Limb Salvage System (KLS).Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the records of patients who underwent reconstruction using KLS implants. Thirty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 20 having undergone limb salvage surgery for tumor and 15, joint arthroplasty. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the revised Musculoskeletal rating scale for the tumor group and the Japanese Orthopedic Association Knee Score for the arthroplasty group. Complications and survivorship of the implants were also assessed.Results: At the latest follow-up, in the tumor group, 13 were alive with no evidence of recurrence, 6 died of disease, and 1 was alive with evidence of disease. The average MSTS scores on latest follow-up were 63 for the proximal femur, 67 for the distal femur, and 92 for the proximal tibia. The mean prosthesis survival was 28 months. Complications include 4 cases of aseptic loosening, 2 deep infections, 1 superficial infection, 1 valgus deformity, 2 periprosthetic fractures, 2 incidences of excessive polyethylene wear, and 2 local tumor recurrences. In the arthroplasty group, 1 patient had a persistent low grade infection on the latest follow-up. The post-operative JOA score was 61(mean). Complications included 3 cases of aseptic loosening, 2 deep infections, 2 implant failures, 1 superficial infection, 1 valgus deformity, and 1 soft tissue defect.Conclusion: Early results of the KLS implant system are encouraging, with comparable clinical outcomes to other systems in the literature. A longer follow-up study with increased numbers of patients is necessary to further validate the functional outcomes and prosthesis survival using the KLS system for limb salvage surgery.
Caring for older dependent people in low and middle-income countries: the effect of age on mental health in caregivers
Authors: Phetsitong Ruttana , Vapattawong Patama , Mayston Rosie , Prince Martin , Chua Kia-Chong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Older people worldwide are living with chronic health problems, of whom 80% were from low and middle-income countries. Caregiver stress is a complex interplay of health and socio-economic factors with older caregivers, however, the effects of caregiver age upon their mental health have not been well-described. This study aimed to examine whether caregiver age predicts their mental health outcomes in terms of psychological morbidity and care burden in Latin America and China.Methods: The present study was based from cross-sectional baseline data of seven low and middle-income countries including; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico, China, and Puerto Rico, collected between February 2003 and June 2009 by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group. Data from 1348 households where the caregiver provided care for one older person in the household were included in the current analysis. Psychological morbidity was assessed through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The Zarit Burden Inventory was used to measure the levels of care burden of caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of caregiver age upon psychological morbidity and care burden. Meta-analysis was performed to obtain pooled estimating one overall odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the analyses from the different countries, using the inverse-variance weighted fixed-effect method.Results: The prevalence of the household with older caregivers is almost the same level as of the households with younger caregivers in Puerto Rico and China. The models unadjusted and adjusted for all potential covariates (household size, number of household asset, caregiver sex, caregiver marital status, caregiver education, cognitive impairment of older person, functional dependency of older person, behavioral problem of older person, and caregiving hours) showed that there was no statistically significant difference in psychological morbidity and care burden between older caregivers and non-older caregivers across countries. The Adjusted pooled estimates, however, indicated lower psychological morbidity among older caregivers (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41–0.93, I2 = 0.0%).Conclusions: Older caregivers are at lower risk of mental health problem than younger caregivers. This information may help to provide a greater understanding for service support, policy makers and health care providers.
Exploring The Factors Related to the First Usage of Crystal and Providing Some Preventive Solutions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sighaldeh Shirin Shahbazi , Zarghami Fatemeh , Shahryari Ali , Mohammadinia Ali , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Jorjani Teimoor , Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Charkazi Abdurrahman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Crystal (methamphetamine) usage is increasing among teenagers and young people in the country. In this matter, one of the practical and important ways to control it is to identify the causes of its first usage. Thus, in this paper, the factors related to the first usage of crystal in consumers and providing a preventive solution were designed and performed in Golestan province, Iran.Methods: In a qualitative study, 19 crystal consumers entered the study in Golestan province by snowball sampling from DIC (drop-in center) and addiction treatment centers. The interviews were mostly carried out individually with the participants, in which only one interview was conducted in an addiction treatment camp in the form of a group-focused discussion. Data analysis was implemented through content analysis in MAXQDA 10 softwareResults: The mean age of the participants was 35.05± 6.06 years with a range of 23-46 years. Meanwhile, the mean and standard deviation of usage time was 7.42±3.61 via a range of 1-14 years. Based on the obtained qualitative data, the reasons for first usage of crystal in six classes of "crystal usage to other drugs rehabilitation"; "Lack of awareness of the addictive nature of crystal"; “stimulating curiosity in public with crystal-usage friends”; “cheap price and comfortable usage”; "anti-sleep effects and increasing work efficiency" and "misconceptions (therapeutic effect), increase attractiveness, and increase sexual drive" were included.Conclusions: The achieved results indicated that crystal is mostly abused to opium rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the lack of awareness of addiction and misconceptions can prepare to crystal usage. Furthermore, performing the Interventions to increase the level of awareness that crystal is addictive and its negative impact on opium rehabilitation as well as the necessary policy-making to facilitate accessing it by reducing its production can also be effective to prevent the crystal usage.