bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide analysis and prediction of Fusarium head blight resistance in soft red winter wheat
Authors: Larkin Dylan L. , Holder Amanda L. , Mason R. Esten , Moon David E. , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Price Paul P. , Harrison Stephen A. , Dong Yanhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Fusarium head blight poses potential economic losses and health risks due to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on infected seed heads. The objectives of this study were to identify novel FHB resistance loci using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) approach and to evaluate two genomic selection (GS) approaches to improve prediction accuracies for FHB traits in a population of 354 soft red winter wheat (SRWW) genotypes. The GS approaches included GS+GWAS, where markers associated with a trait were used as fixed effects, and multivariate GS (MVGS), where correlated traits were used as covariates. The population was evaluated in FHB nurseries in Fayetteville and Newport, AR, and Winnsboro, LA, from 2014 to 2017. Genotypes were phenotyped for DON, Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK), incidence (INC), and severity (SEV). Forty‐two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were significantly (false discovery rate, q [FDRq] ≤ .10) associated with resistance traits across 17 chromosomes. Ten significant SNPs were identified for DON, notably on chromosomes 2BL and 3BL. Eleven were identified for FDK, notably on chromosomes 4BL, 3AL, 1BL, 5BL, and 5DL. Nine were identified for INC, notably on chromosomes 2BS, 2BL, 7BL, 5DL, 6AS, and 5DS. Twelve were identified for SEV, notably on chromosomes 3BL, 4AL, and 4BL. The naïve GS models significantly outperformed the GS+GWAS model for all traits, whereas MVGS models significantly outperformed the naïve GS models for all traits. Results from this study will facilitate the development of SRWW cultivars with improved FHB resistance.
Characterization and pre‐breeding of diverse alfalfa wild relatives originating from drought‐stressed environments
Authors: Humphries Alan W. , Ovalle Carlos , Hughes Steve , del Pozo Alejandro , Inostroza Luis , Barahona Viviana , Yu Linqing , Yerzhanova Sakysh , Rowe Trevor , Hill Jeff , Meiirman Galiolla , Abayev Serik , Brummer E. Charles , Peck David M. , Toktarbekova Saltanat , Kalibayev Bauyrzhan , Espinoza Soledad , Ivelic‐Saez Jorge , Bingham Edwin , Small Ernest , Kilian Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChanging climates and associated increased variability pose risks to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation, with the requirement to establish, survive, and maintain production under water stress. Crop wild relatives (CWR) of alfalfa include populations that have evolved to survive in a number of different, extreme environments, but until recently have had limited use in breeding programs. Here we report on the phenotypic diversity of alfalfa crop wild relatives that were selected to represent extremes in drought tolerance (by sourcing germplasm from environments with extremes in low rainfall, high temperature, shallow soils, and winter freezing) with the aim of providing germplasm with drought tolerance and improved forage yield traits for breeding programs in both warm and cool dry temperate environments. Newly formed hybrids created between M. sativa, M. arborea L. (a woody shrub), and M. truncatula Gaertn. (an annual species from the Mediterranean region) were developed or acquired to introduce new genetic diversity from the tertiary genepool. Preliminary characterization and evaluation was used for taxonomic classification, and to identify wild accessions and pre‐bred (hybrid) lines that offer new diversity for growth habit, seed size, fall dormancy, and forage yield. The accessions and pre‐breeding lines described have been donated to the Australian Pastures Genebank for conservation and distribution.
Hotel employees' corporate social responsibility perception and organizational citizenship behavior: Perceived external prestige and pride in organization as serial mediators
Authors: Boğan Erhan , Dedeoğlu Bekir Bora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearchers' interest to examine key stakeholders' responses to hospitality companies' social responsibility practices is increasing. Current study is a micro‐level CSR research that aims to examine how hotel employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and its mediated link through perceived external prestige and pride in organization. This article sample consisted of 419 employees from seven different hotels in Turkey. Structural equation modeling is employed to test research hypotheses. The findings suggest that hotel employees' CSR perception does not have direct positive effect on OCB. Perceived external prestige and pride in organization mediated the relation between CSR perception and OCB, respectively. Finally, the relationship between employees' CSR perception and OCB is sequentially and fully mediated by perceived external prestige and pride in organization. The findings are discussed and theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Effects of double spectral electron distribution and polarization force on dust acoustic waves in a negative dusty plasma
Authors: El‐Labany S.K. , El‐Taibany W.F. , El‐Tantawy A.A. , Zedan N.A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear features of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) propagating in a multicomponent dusty plasma with negative dust grains, Maxwellian ions, and double spectral electron distribution (DSED) are investigated. A Korteweg de Vries Burgers equation (KdVB) is derived in the presence of the polarization force using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT). In the absence of the dissipation effect, the bifurcation analysis is introduced and various types of solutions are obtained. One of these solutions is the rarefactive solitary wave solution. Additionally, in the presence of the dissipation effects, the tanh method is employed to find out the solution of KdVB equation. Both of the monotonic and the oscillatory shock structures are numerically investigated. It is found that the correlation between dissipation and dispersion terms participates strongly in creating the dust acoustic shock wave. The limit of the DSED to the Maxwell distribution is examined. The distortional effects in the profile of the shock wave that result by increasing the values of the flatness parameter, r, and the tail parameter, q, are investigated. In addition, it has been shown that the proportional increase in the value of the polarization parameter R enhances in both of the strength of the monotonic shock wave and the amplitude of the oscillatory shock wave. The effectiveness of non‐Maxwellian distributions, like DSED, in several of plasma situations is discussed as well.
Electron transfer in proton‐hydrogen collisions in nonideal classical plasmas
Authors: Das Kamalika , Rej Pramit , Ghoshal Arijit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffects of nonideality of classical plasma on the reaction:p + H(1s) → H(nlm) + phas been investigated by carrying out fully quantum mechanical calculations within the framework of a first‐order distorted wave method. Scattering amplitude is calculated conveniently by employing a simple, variationally determined wave function of hydrogen atom embedded in nonideal classical plasma. A detailed study is made on the changes in electron transfer cross sections due to the nonideality of plasma varying from 0 to 4 and the incident proton energy lying between 10 and 500 keV. It has been found that nonideality of plasma causes substantial change in capture cross section.
Apodized chirped fiber Bragg grating for postdispersion compensation in wavelength division multiplexing optical networks
Authors: Sayed Ahmed F. , Mustafa Fathy M. , Khalaf Ashraf A.M. , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a postdispersion compensation unit is proposed leading to a better performance for the optical communication systems. This unit utilizes a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). For enhanced performance of the CFBG, a proper apodization function is chosen to improve the quality factor (Q‐factor) and the bit error rate (BER) of the system. A 110‐km wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical link is investigated. The system performance is evaluated through its Q‐factor, eye diagram, and BER showing best performance when using the Hamming apodization function.
Avian eggshell thickness in relation to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, and mercury contamination
Authors: Peterson Sarah H. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Herzog Mark P. , Toney Matthew S. , Cooney Breanne , Hartman C. Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEggshell thickness is important for physiological, ecological, and ecotoxicological studies on birds; however, empirical eggshell thickness measurements for many species and regions are limited. We measured eggshell thickness at the equator and the egg poles for 12 avian species and related eggshell thickness to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, egg status, and mercury contamination. Within an egg, eggshells were approximately 5.1% thicker at the equator than the sharp pole of the egg, although this difference varied among species (0.6%–9.8%). Within Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri), where eggshell thickness was measured at 5 equally spaced positions along the longitude of the egg, eggshell thickness changed more rapidly near the sharp pole of the egg compared to near the blunt pole of the egg. Within species, eggshell thickness was related to egg width and egg volume for six of the 12 species but was not related to egg length for any species. Among species, mean eggshell thickness was strongly related to species mean egg width, egg length, egg volume, and bird body mass, although species mean body mass was the strongest predictor of species mean eggshell thickness. Using three species (American avocet [Recurvirostra americana], black‐necked stilt [Himantopus mexicanus], and Forster's tern), whose nests were carefully monitored, eggshell thickness (including the eggshell membrane) did not differ among viable, naturally abandoned, dead, or failed‐to‐hatch eggs; was not related to total mercury concentrations of the egg content; and did not decrease with embryonic age. Our study also provides a review of all existing eggshell thickness data for these 12 species.
Assessment of diastolic dysfunction: comparison of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques
Authors: Kermer Josephine , Traber Julius , Utz Wolfgang , Hennig Pierre , Menza Marius , Jung Bernd , Greiser Andreas , Barckow Philipp , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff Florian , Töpper Agnieszka , Blaszczyk Edyta , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and accurate non‐invasive diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) remains difficult. The current study aimed at identifying the most informative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters for the assessment of LVDD.Methods and resultsWe prospectively included 50 patients and classified them into three groups: with DD (DD+, n = 15), without (DD−, n = 26), and uncertain (DD±, n = 9). Diagnosis of DD was based on echocardiographic E/E′, invasive LV end‐diastolic pressure, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide. CMR was performed at 1.5 T to assess LV and left atrial (LA) morphology, LV diastolic strain rate (SR) by tissue tracking and tagging, myocardial peak velocities by tissue phase mapping, and transmitral inflow profile using phase contrast techniques. Statistics were performed only on definitive DD+ and DD− (total number 41). DD+ showed enlarged LA with LA end‐diastolic volume/height performing best to identify DD+ with a cut‐off value of ≥0.52 mL/cm (sensitivity = 0.71, specificity = 0.84, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.75). DD+ showed significantly reduced radial (inferolateral E peak: DD−: −14.5 ± 6.5%/s vs. DD+: −10.9 ± 5.9%/s, P = 0.04; anterolateral A peak: DD−: −4.2 ± 1.6%/s vs. DD+: −3.1 ± 1.4%/s, P = 0.04) and circumferential (inferolateral A peak: DD−: 3.8 ± 1.2%/s vs. DD+: 2.8 ± 0.8%/s, P = 0.007; anterolateral A peak: DD−: 3.5 ± 1.2%/s vs. DD+: 2.5 ± 0.8%/s, P = 0.048) SR in the basal lateral wall assessed by tissue tracking. In the same segments, DD+ showed lower peak myocardial velocity by tissue phase mapping (inferolateral radial peak: DD−: −3.6 ± 0.7 ms vs. DD+: −2.8 ± 1.0 ms, P = 0.017; anterolateral longitudinal peak: DD−: −5.0 ± 1.8 ms vs. DD+: −3.4 ± 1.4 ms, P = 0.006). Tagging revealed reduced global longitudinal SR in DD+ (DD−: 45.8 ± 12.0%/s vs. DD+: 34.8 ± 9.2%/s, P = 0.022). Global circumferential and radial SR by tissue tracking and tagging, LV morphology, and transmitral flow did not differ between DD+ and DD−.ConclusionsLeft atrial size and regional quantitative myocardial deformation applying CMR identified best patients with DD.
Revisiting the relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular–arterial coupling
Authors: Mihaileanu Serban , Antohi Elena‐Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article was to analyse in‐depth the relationship between left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) (LVEF) and the most commonly used formulas for the calculation of LV elastance (Ees), volume intercept at 0 mmHg pressure (V0), effective arterial elastance (Ea), and ventricular–arterial coupling (VAC) as are validated today. We analyse the mathematical resulting consequences, raising the question on the physiological validity. To our knowledge, some of the following mathematical consequences have never been published. On the basis of studies demonstrating that normal LV dimensions and LVEF have a Gaussian unimodal distribution, we considered that the normal modal LVEF is 62% or very close to it. Expressed as a fraction, it is 0.62, that is, the reciprocal of the Phi number (namely, 1/Φ ~ 0.618). Applying Euclid's mathematical law on the extreme and mean ratio (the golden ratio), we studied the LVEF–VAC relationship in normal hearts. The simplification of the VAC formula (with V0 = 0) leads to false physiological results; V0 extraction from single‐beat Chen's formula leads to high negative results in normal subjects; based on the Euclid law, LVEF and Ea/Ees will be equal for a ratio value of 0.618 (62%) where V0 cannot be different from 0 mL; LVEF and VAC inverse relationship formula (Ea/Ees = 1/LVEF − 1) is reducible to a fundamental property of Phi: 1/Φ = (Φ − 1), being valid only if LVEF = VAC at a 0.618 value; according to this restriction, Vo can only be 0 mL, thus describing a very limited range. The Ea/Ees ratio, owing to its mathematical more dynamic behaviour, can be more sensitive than LVEF, being a valuable clinical tool in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced EF, acute unstable haemodynamic situations, where Ees and Ea variations are disproportionate. However, the application is doubtful in HF with preserved EF where Ees and Ea may have same‐direction augmentation. The modified VAC formula suffers from oversimplification, reducing it to a dimensionless ratio, which is supposed to approximate non‐linear time‐varying functions. Thus, we advocate for caution and in‐depth understanding when using simplified formulas in clinical practice.
The landscape of tooth shape: Over 20 years of dental topography in primates
Authors: Berthaume Michael A. , Lazzari Vincent , Guy Franck 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiet plays an incontrovertible role in primate evolution, affecting anatomy, growth and development, behavior, and social structure. It should come as no surprise that a myriad of methods for reconstructing diet have developed, mostly utilizing the element that is not only most common in the fossil record but also most pertinent to diet: teeth. Twenty years ago, the union of traditional, anatomical analyses with emerging scanning and imaging technologies led to the development of a new method for quantifying tooth shape and reconstructing the diets of extinct primates. This method became known as dental topography.
Trends in Inland Commercial Fisheries in the United States
Authors: Murray Devin N , Bunnell David B , Rogers Mark W , Lynch Abigail J , Douglas Beard T. , Funge-Smith Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Inland fisheries, defined as finfish caught in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, provide economic value and a source of protein at local and international levels. However, no comprehensive compilation of U.S. inland commercial fisheries exists. We sought to obtain data across all 50 states during 1990–2015 and noted a small, but significant, decline in harvest. The minimum harvest averaged 41,427 tonnes during 2009–2015 and peaked in 1995 with a minimum harvest of 49,951 tonnes. During 2009–2015, harvest and taxonomic composition varied regionally: eastern interior (the highest regional harvest, dominated by coregonines and carp), western interior (carp and Clupeidae), Gulf (catfish and Clupeidae), Pacific (salmonines), and Atlantic (the lowest regional harvest, dominated by catfish and Clupeidae). Our data compilation of commercial landings was more than double the current limited national inland harvest statistics, which might be indicative of an under appreciation for the value of inland fisheries that can have consequences when policy decisions are made regarding competing sectors for water usage.
A unified framework for association and prediction from vertex‐wise grey‐matter structure
Authors: Couvy‐Duchesne Baptiste , Strike Lachlan T. , Zhang Futao , Holtz Yan , Zheng Zhili , Kemper Kathryn E. , Yengo Loic , Colliot Olivier , Wright Margaret J. , Wray Naomi R. , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent availability of large‐scale neuroimaging cohorts facilitates deeper characterisation of the relationship between phenotypic and brain architecture variation in humans. Here, we investigate the association (previously coined morphometricity) of a phenotype with all 652,283 vertex‐wise measures of cortical and subcortical morphology in a large data set from the UK Biobank (UKB;N= 9,497 for discovery,N= 4,323 for replication) and the Human Connectome Project (N= 1,110). We used a linear mixed model with the brain measures of individuals fitted as random effects with covariance relationships estimated from the imaging data. We tested 167 behavioural, cognitive, psychiatric or lifestyle phenotypes and found significant morphometricity for 58 phenotypes (spanning substance use, blood assay results, education or income level, diet, depression, and cognition domains), 23 of which replicated in the UKB replication set or the HCP. We then extended the model for a bivariate analysis to estimate grey‐matter correlation between phenotypes, which revealed that body size (i.e., height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage) could account for a substantial proportion of the morphometricity (confirmed using a conditional analysis), providing possible insight into previous MRI case–control results for psychiatric disorders where case status is associated with body mass index. Our LMM framework also allowed to predict some of the associated phenotypes from the vertex‐wise measures, in two independent samples. Finally, we demonstrated additional new applications of our approach (a) region of interest (ROI) analysis that retain the vertex‐wise complexity; (b) comparison of the information retained by different MRI processings.
The effect of increased cost‐sharing on low‐value service use
Authors: Gruber Jonathan , Maclean Johanna Catherine , Wright Bill , Wilkinson Eric , Volpp Kevin G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the effect of a value‐based insurance design (VBID) program implemented at a large public employer in the state of Oregon. The program substantially increased cost‐sharing for several healthcare services likely to be of low value for most patients: diagnostic services (e.g., imaging services) and surgeries (e.g., spinal surgeries for pain). Using a difference‐in‐differences design coupled with granular, administrative health insurance claims data over the period 2008–2012, we estimate the change in low‐value service use among beneficiaries before and after program implementation relative to a comparison group not exposed to the VBID. Our findings suggest that the VBID significantly reduced the use of targeted services, with an implied elasticity of demand of −0.22. We find no evidence that the VBID led to substitution to non‐targeted services or increased overall healthcare costs. However, we also observe no evidence that the program led to cost‐savings.
Eccentricities in Spectroscopy and Reactivity of Non‐Heme Metal Intermediates Contained in Bispidine Scaffolds
Authors: Mukherjee Gourab , Sastri Chivukula V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLigand framework in a metal complex has a pivotal role to play in orchestrating the spectroscopic and reactivity parameters. High‐valent non‐heme metal intermediates are known to be crucial species in the catalytic cycles of several metalloenzymes. Among the plethora of a variety of ligand frameworks employed in bioinorganic chemistry, the bispidine molecular scaffold is unique and privileged. In this review, we intend to discuss the overwhelming effects of the bispidine ligand scaffold in tuning the spectroscopic signatures and reactivity parameters of non‐heme metal intermediates. The basic skeleton constituting a fused and rigid bicyclic diamine framework with its tentacles tethered to C2, C4, N3 and N7 provides tuneable features to both the primary and secondary coordination spheres. Therefore, the bispidine framework offers a handle to optimize the balance of rigidity and flexibility in a coordination molecule which is thereby important in understanding the rich but surprising results in the reactivity of metal intermediates contained in these scaffolds. Herein, we summarize the significant developments in different types of oxidation reactions of reactive metal intermediates stabilized in bispidine ligands and noted their mechanistic details.
The impact of uncertainty on financial institutions: A cross‐country study
Authors: Baum Christopher F. , Caglayan Mustafa , Xu Bing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the effects of uncertainty on several facets of the financial sector. Using a large country‐level unbalanced panel dataset, we show that inflation uncertainty reduces availability of private sector credit; harms banks' efficiency and operational performance, evidenced by lower returns and increased reliance on non‐interest income activities; and distorts sectoral stability, as liquidity, banks' appetite for risk and credit risk increases. Our findings, based on the full dataset and country splits, are economically meaningful and provide evidence that uncertainty threatens the overall health of the financial sector.
Board gender diversity and firm performance: The UK evidence
Authors: Brahma Sanjukta , Nwafor Chioma , Boateng Agyenim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between gender diversity, selected female attributes, and financial performance of FTSE 100 firms in the UK. Drawing on critical mass theory by measuring gender diversity as levels of female representation in the boardroom, this study finds a positive and significant relationship between gender diversity and firm performance. However, the results become highly significant and unequivocal when three or more females are appointed to the board compared to the appointment of two or less females. Further analysis reveals that post‐appointment financial performance is positively related to female age, level of education and where female board members also hold executive director positions. The results remain unchanged after accounting for endogeneity concerns and employing alternative measures of firm performance, namely, return on assets and Tobin's Q.