bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solitaire AB stent-angioplasty for stenoses in perforator rich segments: A single-center experience
Authors: Cao Xiangyu , Wang Jun , Tian Chenglin , Du Zhihua , Su Hui , Liu Xinfeng , Lv Bin , Yu Shengyuan , Chen Xing , Hui Ferdinand 
Published: August 2020

Background Vascular angioplasty and stenting of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) stenoses are associated with poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates thought to be related to the abundance of perforating arteries in those segments. This study explores the use of Solitaire AB as an off-label vascular stent to treat stenoses in the MCA and BA. Methods Solitaire AB stents were placed during angioplasty and stenting of MCA and BA stenoses in patients at our department between January 2015 and May 2017 with 6-36 months follow-up. Operative results were assessed by follow-up angiography and transcranial doppler after the procedure. Neurologic status was evaluated before and after treatment according to the modified Ranking Scale (mRS). Results A total of 32 patients were included in the study. Seventeen (53.12%) patients presented with MCA stenosis and 15 (46.87%) with BA stenosis. The 30-day rate of procedure-related complications was 3.1% (1/32). Post-stenting residual stenosis degrees ranged from 0% to 40% (mean 13.44% ± 10.66%). Mean degree of residual stenosis in 26 patients followed up by DSA was 8.64% ± 9.67%. The mRS 0-2 was achieved in all (100%) patients at 6-12 months post-procedure. Conclusions Our study indicates the off-label use of Solitaire AB for stenting is effective and safe for MCA and BA stenoses with high technical success and low complications. We recommend that lesion-specific therapy with an anatomically fitted stent design enables optimal treatment for intracranial stenosis.
The Association Between Sports- or Physical Activity–Related Concussions and Suicidality Among US High School Students, 2017
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F. , DePadilla Lara , Jones Sherry Everett , Bartholow Brad N. , Sarmiento Kelly , Breiding Matthew J. 
Published: August 2020

Background: This study examined the association between sports- or physical activity–related concussions and having seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, or attempted suicide (ie, suicidality), and tested potential moderators of the association. Hypothesis: Risk factors such as persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, low academic grades, few hours of sleep, and current alcohol or marijuana use will increase the odds of suicidality among those who self-reported sports- or physical activity–related concussions, while protective factors such as physical activity and having played on a sports team will decrease the odds. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: This study used data from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial, school-based, nationally representative survey of US students in grade levels 9 to 12 (N = 14,765). Logistic regression models examined associations between self-reported sports- or physical activity–related concussions and suicidality among the students, and whether physical activity, having played on a sports team, persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, academic grades, hours of sleep, or current alcohol or marijuana use moderated those associations. Results: Sports- or physical activity–related concussions were found to be associated with suicidality. The associations remained significant in models that adjusted for demographic characteristics, and they did not appear to be moderated by physical activity, having played on sports team, academic grades, or sleep. Conclusions: Given the findings of this study and others, health care providers are advised to ask students who have experienced a concussion about their emotional well-being as part of their symptom-based assessment, using validated, age- appropriate concussion symptom scales. Comprehensively assessing students who have experienced a sports- or physical activity–related concussion for persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness may alert providers to thoughts of suicidal ideation and will allow for earlier intervention. Clinical Relevance: If thoughts of suicide are discovered among adolescents with a concussion, or if other risk factors are observed, referrals to medical and mental health providers for a more comprehensive assessment may be warranted.
Evaluation of vancomycin initial trough levels in children: A 1-year retrospective study
Authors: Salem Muhammad , Khalil Ahmed , Mohamed Asmaa , Elmasoudi Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives: Achieving vancomycin therapeutic levels is essential for antibacterial success and resistance prevention. Multiple studies have shown that most of the children fail to reach therapeutic trough levels (10–20 µg/mL). This study aims to determine the frequency of achieving therapeutic vancomycin initial trough levels in children, evaluate the effect of age on that achievement and the mean initial trough levels, and the frequency of supratherapeutic levels. Methods: Children aged 1 month to 12 years who received three or more vancomycin doses 15 mg/kg every 6 h while admitted at our hospital from February 2016 to January 2017, and had a level before the fourth dose were included. Cases with high baseline serum creatinine, acute kidney injury, and congenital heart disease were excluded. Results: Out of 75 included cases, one third, 28/75 (37.3%), achieved goal. The lowest frequency was 6/28 (21.4%) of the 2–5 years group, which were statistically less likely to achieve, and had significantly lower mean initial trough than the 1–23 months group ( P = 0.026 and 0.013, respectively). Mean initial trough levels were 10.1, 7.3, and 8.2 µg/mL in the 1–23 months, 2–5 years, and 6–12 years groups, respectively ( P = 0.014). No supratherapeutic levels were observed. Conclusion: Vancomycin dose of 60 mg/kg/day is insufficient to attain target levels for most of the children. Children aged 2–5 years are the least likely to achieve and have the lowest mean levels. More intensified doses are warranted to be studied prospectively to identify the most effective empiric dose for children.
Diagnostic value of 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in lymph node metastases of head and neck tumors: a correlation study with histology
Authors: Treutlein Christoph , Stollberg Adrian , Scherl Claudia , Agaimy Abbas , Ellmann Stephan , Iro Heinrich , Lell Michael , Uder Michael , Bäuerle Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Background Accurate staging of cervical lymph nodes (LN) is pivotal for further clinical management of patients with head and neck cancer. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) such as three-dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) acquisition might improve the diagnosis of cervical LN metastases. Purpose To evaluate the additional diagnostic value of high-resolution 3D T1-weighted DCE in detecting LN metastasis compared to standard morphological imaging criteria in patients with head and neck tumors as correlated to histopathology. Material and Methods Standard MRI with 3D DCE acquisition at voxel sizes of 1 × 1×1 mm was performed in 15 patients before surgery; 92 LN of the head and neck were histopathologically analyzed. A logistic regression analysis of semi-quantitative DCE parameters, time-intensity curve (TIC) shapes, and morphological criteria was performed to differentiate benign from malignant LN. Results Standard MRI was sufficient for diagnosis of malignancy in LN with a short-axis diameter ≥ 15 mm (n = 17). For LN metastases with a short-axis diameter <15 mm (n = 12), however, the combination of 3D DCE MRI parameters, TIC shapes, and LN diameter significantly increased the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing metastases (DCE + TIC shape + LN diameter: 92% and 88% vs. DCE only: 83% and 68% ( P < 0.01) vs. LN diameter only: 83% and 77% ( P = 0.04). Conclusion MRI including isotropic high-resolution 3D DCE acquisition combined with morphological criteria allows an accurate assessment of small cervical LN metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. For LN ≥ 15 mm diameter, morphologic imaging may suffice to diagnose metastatic disease to the LN.
Preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB) for scientific analysis: a guide
Authors: Dauth Wolfgang , Eppelsheimer Johann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreparing the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) for scientific analysis is a complicated and error-prone task. This paper elaborates on the steps necessary to prepare the SIAB and provides examples of how the preparation can be done. Among other topics covered, we show how to generate and merge additional variables, impute right-censored wages, deal with parallel employment episodes, and clean the dataset. Finally, we present a case study on the individual long-term effects of job loss from plant closure to demonstrate how our prepared version of the SIAB can be used to carry out an empirical analysis. The supplementary material of this paper contains extensively commented Stata do-files to replicate our data preparation and the subsequent analysis.
Genetic control of temperament traits across species: association of autism spectrum disorder risk genes with cattle temperament
Authors: Costilla Roy , Kemper Kathryn E. , Byrne Enda M. , Porto-Neto Laercio R. , Carvalheiro Roberto , Purfield Deirdre C. , Doyle Jennifer L. , Berry Donagh P. , Moore Stephen S. , Wray Naomi R. , Hayes Ben J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Temperament traits are of high importance across species. In humans, temperament or personality traits correlate with psychological traits and psychiatric disorders. In cattle, they impact animal welfare, product quality and human safety, and are therefore of direct commercial importance. We hypothesized that genetic factors that contribute to variation in temperament among individuals within a species will be shared between humans and cattle. Using imputed whole-genome sequence data from 9223 beef cattle from three cohorts, a series of genome-wide association studies was undertaken on cattle flight time, a temperament phenotype measured as the time taken for an animal to cover a short-fixed distance after release from an enclosure. We also investigated the association of cattle temperament with polymorphisms in bovine orthologs of risk genes for neuroticism, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and developmental delay disorders in humans.

Results
Variants with the strongest associations were located in the bovine orthologous region that is involved in several behavioural and cognitive disorders in humans. These variants were also partially validated in independent cattle cohorts. Genes in these regions (BARHL2, NDN, SNRPN, MAGEL2, ABCA12, KIFAP3, TOPAZ1, FZD3, UBE3A, and GABRA5) were enriched for the GO term neuron migration and were differentially expressed in brain and pituitary tissues in humans. Moreover, variants within 100 kb of ASD susceptibility genes were associated with cattle temperament and explained 6.5% of the total additive genetic variance in the largest cattle cohort. The ASD genes with the most significant associations were GABRB3 and CUL3. Using the same 100 kb window, a weak association was found with polymorphisms in schizophrenia risk genes and no association with polymorphisms in neuroticism and developmental delay disorders risk genes.

Conclusions
Our analysis showed that genes identified in a meta-analysis of cattle temperament contribute to neuron development functions and are differentially expressed in human brain tissues. Furthermore, some ASD susceptibility genes are associated with cattle temperament. These findings provide evidence that genetic control of temperament might be shared between humans and cattle and highlight the potential for future analyses to leverage results between species.
MCC-SP: a powerful integration method for identification of causal pathways from genetic variants to complex disease
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Ji Jiadong , Lin Weiqiang , Li Mingzhuo , Liu Lu , Zhu Huanhuan , Xue Fuzhong , Li Xiujun , Zhou Xiang , Yuan Zhongshang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic susceptible variants for complex diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of such association remains largely unknown. Most disease-associated genetic variants have been shown to reside in noncoding regions, leading to the hypothesis that regulation of gene expression may be the primary biological mechanism. Current methods to characterize gene expression mediating the effect of genetic variant on diseases, often analyzed one gene at a time and ignored the network structure. The impact of genetic variant can propagate to other genes along the links in the network, then to the final disease. There could be multiple pathways from the genetic variant to the final disease, with each having the chain structure since the first node is one specific SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) variant and the end is disease outcome. One key but inadequately addressed question is how to measure the between-node connection strength and rank the effects of such chain-type pathways, which can provide statistical evidence to give the priority of some pathways for potential drug development in a cost-effective manner.

Results
We first introduce the maximal correlation coefficient (MCC) to represent the between-node connection, and then integrate MCC with K shortest paths algorithm to rank and identify the potential pathways from genetic variant to disease. The pathway importance score (PIS) was further provided to quantify the importance of each pathway. We termed this method as “MCC-SP”. Various simulations are conducted to illustrate MCC is a better measurement of the between-node connection strength than other quantities including Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, distance correlation, mutual information, and maximal information coefficient. Finally, we applied MCC-SP to analyze one real dataset from the Religious Orders Study and the Memory and Aging Project, and successfully detected 2 typical pathways from APOE genotype to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through gene expression enriched in Alzheimer’s disease pathway.

Conclusions
MCC-SP has powerful and robust performance in identifying the pathway(s) from the genetic variant to the disease. The source code of MCC-SP is freely available at GitHub (https://github.com/zhuyuchen95/ADnet).
Detection of clinically important non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from pulmonary samples through one-step multiplex PCR assay
Authors: Singh Kamal , Kumari Richa , Tripathi Rajneesh , Gupta Smita , Anupurba Shampa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is increasing worldwide but still its diagnosis is delayed and it is mistaken as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).The present study was performed to develop a multiplex PCR assay for detection and identification of clinically most common NTM to the species level from pulmonary samples.

Results
Out of 50 isolates, 26 were identified as Mycobacterium kansasii (MK), 20 were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus (MA) and 4 were identified as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) through multiplex PCR and further confirmed by sequencing.

Conclusion
Our study showed that multiplex PCR assay is a simple, convenient, and reliable technique for detection and differential identification of major NTM species.
A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress
Authors: Su Peisen , Yan Jun , Li Wen , Wang Liang , Zhao Jinxiao , Ma Xin , Li Anfei , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict the yield of crops. Peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, only few wheat PRXs have been characterized in the mechanism of the abiotic stress response.

Results
In this study, a novel wheat peroxidase (PRX) gene named TaPRX-2A, a member of wheat class III PRX gene family, was cloned and its response to salt stress was characterized. Based on the identification and evolutionary analysis of class III PRXs in 12 plants, we proposed an evolutionary model for TaPRX-2A, suggesting that occurrence of some exon fusion events during evolution. We also detected the positive selection of PRX domain in 13 PRXs involving our evolutionary model, and found 2 or 6 positively selected sites during TaPRX-2A evolution. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) results showed that TaPRX-2A exhibited relatively higher expression levels in root tissue than those exhibited in leaf and stem tissues. TaPRX-2A expression was also induced by abiotic stresses and hormone treatments such as polyethylene glycol 6000, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic wheat plants with overexpression of TaPRX-2A showed higher tolerance to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. Confocal microscopy revealed that TaPRX-2A-eGFP was mainly localized in cell nuclei. Survival rate, relative water content, and shoot length were higher in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat than in the WT wheat, whereas root length was not significantly different. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat compared with those in the WT wheat, resulting in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The expression levels of downstream stress-related genes showed that RD22, TLP4, ABAI, GST22, FeSOD, and CAT exhibited higher expressions in TaPRX-2A-overexpressing wheat than in WT under salt stress.

Conclusions
The results show that TaPRX-2A plays a positive role in the response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.
Rice EARLY SENESCENCE 2, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase, is involved in leaf senescence
Authors: Yang Shenglong , Fang Guonan , Zhang Anpeng , Ruan Banpu , Jiang Hongzhen , Ding Shilin , Liu Chaolei , Zhang Yu , Jaha Noushin , Hu Peng , Xu Zhengjin , Gao Zhenyu , Wang Jiayu , Qian Qian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Early leaf senescence influences yield and yield quality by affecting plant growth and development. A series of leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms have been reported in rice. However, the complex genetic regulatory networks that control leaf senescence need to be elucidated.

Results
In this study, an early senescence 2 (es2) mutant was obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)-induced mutational library for the Japonica rice cultivar Wuyugeng 7 (WYG7). Leaves of es2 showed early senescence at the seedling stage and became severe at the tillering stage. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased, while chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in the es2 mutant. Moreover, genes which related to senescence, ROS and chlorophyll degradation were up-regulated, while those associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in es2 mutant compared to WYG7. The ES2 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate kinase (OsIPK2), was fine mapped to a 116.73-kb region on chromosome 2. DNA sequencing of ES2 in the mutant revealed a missense mutation, ES2 was localized to nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, and expressed in various tissues of rice. Complementation test and overexpression experiment confirmed that ES2 completely restored the normal phenotype, with chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate increased comparable with the wild type. These results reveal the new role of OsIPK2 in regulating leaf senescence in rice and therefore will provide additional genetic evidence on the molecular mechanisms controlling early leaf senescence.

Conclusions
The ES2 gene, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, is essential for leaf senescence in rice. Further study of ES2 will facilitate the dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence and plant growth.
The effects of labor on airway outcomes with Supreme™ laryngeal mask in women undergoing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia: a cohort study
Authors: Lim Ming Jian , Tan Hon Sen , Tan Chin Wen , Li Shi Yang , Yao Wei Yu , Yuan Yong Jing , Sultana Rehena , Sng Ban Leong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of failed endotracheal intubation and is exacerbated by labor. However, the influence of labor on airway outcomes with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for cesarean delivery is unknown.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study on LMA use during cesarean delivery. Healthy parturients who fasted > 4 h undergoing Category 2 or 3 cesarean delivery with Supreme™ LMA (sLMA) under general anesthesia were included. We excluded parturients with BMI > 35 kg/m2, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or potentially difficult airway (Mallampati score of 4, upper respiratory tract or neck pathology). Anesthesia and airway management reflected clinical standard at the study center. After rapid sequence induction and cricoid pressure, sLMA was inserted as per manufacturer’s recommendations. Our primary outcome was time to effective ventilation (time from when sLMA was picked up until appearance of end-tidal carbon dioxide capnography), and secondary outcomes include first-attempt insertion failure, oxygen saturation, ventilation parameters, mucosal trauma, pulmonary aspiration, and Apgar scores. Differences between labor status were tested using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Quantitative associations between labor status and outcomes were determined using univariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Data from 584 parturients were analyzed, with 37.8% in labor. Labor did not significantly affect time to effective ventilation (mean (SD) for labor: 16.0 (5.75) seconds; no labor: 15.3 (3.35); mean difference: -0.65 (95%CI: − 1.49 to 0.18); p = 0.1262). However, labor was associated with increased first-attempt insertion failure and blood on sLMA surface. No reduction in oxygen saturation or pulmonary aspiration was noted.

Conclusions
Although no significant increase in time to effective ventilation was noted, labor may increase the number of insertion attempts and oropharyngeal trauma with sLMA use for cesarean delivery in parturients at low risk of difficult airway. Future studies should investigate the effects of labor on LMA use in high risk parturients.

Trial registration
The study was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02026882) on 3 January 2014.