bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-optimal analysis of Lasserre’s univariate measure-based bounds for multivariate polynomial optimization
Authors: Slot Lucas , Laurent Monique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a hierarchy of upper approximations for the minimization of a polynomial f over a compact set $$K \subseteq \mathbb {R}^n$$

K
⊆

R

n

proposed recently by Lasserre (arXiv:1907.097784, 2019). This hierarchy relies on using the push-forward measure of the Lebesgue measure on K by the polynomial f and involves univariate sums of squares of polynomials with growing degrees 2r. Hence it is weaker, but cheaper to compute, than an earlier hierarchy by Lasserre (SIAM Journal on Optimization 21(3), 864–885, 2011), which uses multivariate sums of squares. We show that this new hierarchy converges to the global minimum of f at a rate in $$O(\log ^2 r / r^2)$$

O
(

log
2

r
/

r
2

)

whenever K satisfies a mild geometric condition, which holds, eg., for convex bodies and for compact semialgebraic sets with dense interior. As an application this rate of convergence also applies to the stronger hierarchy based on multivariate sums of squares, which improves and extends earlier convergence results to a wider class of compact sets. Furthermore, we show that our analysis is near-optimal by proving a lower bound on the convergence rate in $$\varOmega (1/r^2)$$

Ω
(
1
/

r
2

)

for a class of polynomials on $$K=[-1,1]$$

K
=
[
-
1
,
1
]

, obtained by exploiting a connection to orthogonal polynomials.
Job Mobility and Wealth Inequality
Authors: Applegate J. M. , Janssen Marco A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe extent to which employees change jobs, known as the job mobility rate, has been steadily declining in the US for decades. This decline is understood to have a negative impact on both productivity and wages, and econometric studies fail to support any single cause brought forward. This decline coincides with decreases in household savings, increases in household debt and wage stagnation. We propose that the decline could be the consequence of a complex interaction between mobility, savings, wages and debt, such that if changing jobs incurs costs which are paid out of savings, or incurs debt in the absence of sufficient savings, a negative feedback loop is generated. People are further restricted in making moves by their debt obligations and inability to save, which in turn depresses wages further. To explore this hypothesis, we developed a stylized model in which agents chose their employment situation based on their opportunities and preferences for work and where there are costs to changing jobs and the possibility of borrowing to meet those costs. We indeed found evidence of a negative feedback loop involving changes, wages, savings and debt, as well as evidence that this dynamic results in a level of wealth inequality on the same scale as we see today in the US.
Burnstock and the legacy of the inhibitory junction potential and P2Y1 receptors
Authors: King Brian F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synaptic event called the inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was arguably one of the more important discoveries made by Burnstock and arguably one of his finer legacies. The discovery of the IJP fundamentally changed how electromechanical coupling was visualised in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Its discovery also set in motion the search for novel inhibitory neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system, eventually leading to proposal that ATP or a related nucleotide was a major inhibitory transmitter. The subsequent development of purinergic signalling gave impetus to expanding the classification of surface receptors for extracellular ATP, not only in the GI tract but beyond, and then led to successive phases of medicinal chemistry as the P2 receptor field developed. Ultimately, the discovery of the IJP led to the successful cloning of the first P2Y receptor (chick P2Y1) and expansion of mammalian ATP receptors into two classes: metabotropic P2Y receptors (encompassing P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11–14 receptors) and ionotropic P2X receptors (encompassing homomeric P2X1–P2X7 receptors). Here, the causal relationship between the IJP and P2Y1 is explored, setting out the milestones reached and achievements made by Burnstock and his colleagues.
PDERL: an accurate and fast algorithm with a novel perspective on solving the old viewshed analysis problem
Authors: Wu Chuanjun , Guan Lingxiao , Xia Qing , Chen Gang , Shen Baohong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractViewshed analysis based on the regular grid digital elevation model (DEM) is one of the basic functions of geographic information systems. Traditional viewshed analysis algorithms are mainly carried out in a geospatial coordinate system, that create complexities when it is necessary to accurately express a perspective relationship. Moreover, it can only reduce the amount of calculation by using approximation methods, which result in decreased accuracy. We found that the error ratio of approximation algorithms is low but uneven and thereby highly likely to result in continuous area visibility errors. Despite the quality of DEM data having improved significantly in the last decade, traditional approximation algorithms have been unable to take full advantage of the improved data. Finding a fast and accurate algorithm has therefore become an urgent task. This study takes a new perspective to solve this problem by establishing a ‘proximity-direction-elevation’ (PDE) coordinate system and proposing a PDE spatial reference line (PDERL) algorithm within it. Many experiments prove that the accuracy of PDERL is the same as the R3 algorithm and its speed is about half that of the XDraw and reference plane algorithms, but much faster than R3. Due to the speed of PDERL, it is now possible and practical to do an accurate large-area DEM-based viewshed analysis.
Anti-phage serum antibody responses and the outcome of phage therapy
Authors: Łusiak-Szelachowska M. , Międzybrodzki R. , Fortuna W. , Borysowski J. , Górski Andrzej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examined the appearance of serum anti-phage antibodies in 25 patients with chronic sinusitis treated with phage therapy (PT). Approximately 30% of patients with weak antibody responses responded positively to PT, which was similar to the results of treatment achieved in a group of patients with high antibody production. In addition, there was no correlation between antibody level and the outcome of PT. These data, derived from a homogenous group of patients, confirm our earlier findings suggesting that the prognostic significance of serum anti-phage antibodies for the outcome of PT should be determined by relevant clinical trials.
The protection of minor athletes in sports investigation proceedings
Authors: Hessert Björn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSports associations have an interest in the maintenance of a level playing field among all participants. Athletes are therefore bound by the same sporting rules. This also applies to minor athletes who compete at the highest level of their sport. The disciplinary autonomy of sports governing bodies enables them to initiate sports investigations against minor athletes alleged of being in violation of sports regulations, including those pertaining to doping and match manipulation. During the investigations, minor athletes may be obliged to attend sports interrogations or grant full access to diverse of personal information and documentary evidence, including mobile phones, emails, SMS and WhatsApp conversations, and health records. However, the vulnerability of young athletes requires sufficient protection of minors and safeguards in sports investigation proceedings. The aim of this article is to examine the legality of internal sports investigation proceedings against minors in respect to doping and manipulation of sports competition matters. In particular, it analyses whether it is legitimate and reasonable to use investigative measures contained in the regulations of sports governing bodies against minor athletes in the light of the principle of proportionality.
Aktueller Stand der Hypophysenchirurgie
Authors: Micko Alexander , Wolfsberger Stefan , Vila Greisa , Höftberger Romana , Luger Anton , Knosp Engelbert 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEine gut funktionierende Kooperation zwischen Neurochirurgie und Endokrinologie sowie die enge Zusammenarbeit mit Neuropathologie, Neuroradiologie und Neuroophthalmologie sind die Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung von Hypophysenadenomen. Hypophysenadenome können heute durch den technologischen Fortschritt immer sicherer und komplikationsärmer operiert werden. Dazu gehört neben einer High-Tech-Ausrüstung auch eine spezielle histologische bzw. molekulare Aufarbeitung des Tumorgewebes, um eine optimale multimodale Therapie anbieten zu können. Um ausgedehnte, invasive und aggressiv wachsende Hypophysenadenome, die ein interdisziplinäres Vorgehen benötigen, behandeln zu können, ist es heutzutage notwendig, dies in spezialisierten Zentren durchzuführen.
Perceptions, attitudes and training needs of primary healthcare professionals in identifying and managing frailty: a qualitative study
Authors: Avgerinou Christina , Kotsani Marina , Gavana Magda , Andreou Martha , Papageorgiou Dimitra-Iosifina , Roka Violeta , Symintiridou Despoina , Manolaki Chrysanthi , Soulis George , Smyrnakis Emmanouil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Although frailty can be delayed or prevented by appropriate interventions, these are often not available in countries lacking formal education and infrastructure in geriatrics. The aim of this study was to: (a) explore ideas, perceptions and attitudes of primary health care (PHC) professionals towards frailty in a country where geriatrics is not recognised as a specialty; (b) explore PHC professionals’ training needs in frailty; and (c) define components of a frailty educational programme in PHC.

Methods
Qualitative design, using two focus groups with PHC professionals conducted in Thessaloniki, Greece. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed with thematic analysis.

Results
In total 31 PHC professionals (mean age: 46 years; gender distribution: 27 females, 4 males) participated in the study (physicians n = 17; nurses n = 12; health visitors n = 2). Four main themes were identified: (1) Perceptions and understanding of frailty; (2) Facilitators and barriers to frailty identification and management; (3) Motivation to participate in a frailty training programme; (4) Education and training. The main barriers for the identification and management of frailty were associated with the healthcare system, including duration of appointments, a focus on prescribing, and problems with staffing of allied health professionals, but also a lack of education. Training opportunities were scarce and entirely based on personal incentive. Professionals were receptive to training either face-to-face or online. A focus on learning practical skills was key.

Conclusion
Education and training of professionals and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential and much needed for the delivery of person-centred care for people with frailty living in the community.
Finitely many physical measures for sectional-hyperbolic attracting sets and statistical stability
Authors: ARAUJO VITOR 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that a sectional-hyperbolic attracting set for a Hölder-
$C^{1}$
vector field admits finitely many physical/SRB measures whose ergodic basins cover Lebesgue almost all points of the basin of topological attraction. In addition, these physical measures depend continuously on the flow in the

$C^{1}$
topology, that is, sectional-hyperbolic attracting sets are statistically stable. To prove these results we show that each central-unstable disk in a neighborhood of this class of attracting sets is eventually expanded to contain a ball whose inner radius is uniformly bounded away from zero.
CUPPING AND JUMP CLASSES IN THE COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE DEGREES
Authors: GREENBERG NOAM , MENG NG KENG , WU GUOHUA 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that there is a cuppable c.e. degree, all of whose cupping partners are high. In particular, not all cuppable degrees are${\operatorname {\mathrm {low}}}_3$-cuppable, or indeed${\operatorname {\mathrm {low}}}_n$cuppable for anyn, refuting a conjecture by Li. On the other hand, we show that one cannot improve highness to superhighness. We also show that the${\operatorname {\mathrm {low}}}_2$-cuppable degrees coincide with the array computable-cuppable degrees, giving a full understanding of the latter class.
INQUISITIVE BISIMULATION
Authors: CIARDELLI IVANO , OTTO MARTIN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInquisitive modal logic, InqML, is a generalisation of standard Kripke-style modal logic. In its epistemic incarnation, it extends standard epistemic logic to capture not just the information that agents have, but also the questions that they are interested in. Technically, InqML fits within the family of logics based on team semantics. From a model-theoretic perspective, it takes us a step in the direction of monadic second-order logic, as inquisitive modal operators involve quantification over sets of worlds. We introduce and investigate the natural notion of bisimulation equivalence in the setting of InqML. We compare the expressiveness of InqML and first-order logic in the context of relational structures with two sorts, one for worlds and one for information states, and characterise inquisitive modal logic as the bisimulation invariant fragment of first-order logic over various natural classes of two-sorted structures.
Local dynamic spontaneous brain activity changes in first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorder and their associated gene expression profiles
Authors: Xue Kaizhong , Liang Sixiang , Yang Bingbing , Zhu Dan , Xie Yingying , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Zhang Yong , Yu Chunshui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common debilitating disorder characterized by impaired spontaneous brain activity, yet little is known about its alterations in dynamic properties and the molecular mechanisms associated with these changes.MethodsBased on the resting-state functional MRI data of 65 first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with MDD and 66 healthy controls, we compared dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) of spontaneous brain activity between the two groups, and we investigated gene expression profiles associated with dReHo alterations in MDD by leveraging transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, patients with MDD consistently showed reduced dReHo in both fusiform gyri and in the right temporal pole and hippocampus. The expression profiles of 16 gene modules were correlated with dReHo alterations in MDD. These gene modules were enriched for various biological process terms, including immune, synaptic signalling, ion channels, mitochondrial function and protein metabolism, and were preferentially expressed in different cell types.ConclusionsPatients with MDD have reduced dReHo in brain areas associated with emotional and cognitive regulation, and these changes may be related to complex polygenetic and polypathway mechanisms.
Current and future nonstimulants in the treatment of pediatric ADHD: monoamine reuptake inhibitors, receptor modulators, and multimodal agents
Authors: Cutler Andrew J. , Mattingly Gregory W. , Jain Rakesh , O’Neal Welton 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the single most common neuropsychiatric disorder with cognitive and behavioral manifestations, often starts in childhood and usually persists into adolescence and adulthood. Rarely seen alone, ADHD is most commonly complicated by other neuropsychiatric disorders that must be factored into any intervention plan to optimally address ADHD symptoms. With more than 30 classical Schedule II (CII) stimulant preparations available for ADHD treatment, only three nonstimulants (atomoxetine and extended-release formulations of clonidine and guanfacine) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), all of which focus on modulating the noradrenergic system. Given the heterogeneity and complex nature of ADHD in most patients, research efforts are identifying nonstimulants which modulate pathways beyond the noradrenergic system. New ADHD medications in clinical development include monoamine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine receptor modulators, and multimodal agents that combine receptor agonist/antagonist activity (receptor modulation) and monoamine transporter inhibition. Each of these “pipeline” ADHD medications has a unique chemical structure and differs in its pharmacologic profile in terms of molecular targets and mechanisms. The clinical role for each of these agents will need to be explored with regard to their potential to address the heterogeneity of individuals struggling with ADHD and ADHD-associated comorbidities. This review profiles alternatives to Schedule II (CII) stimulants that are in clinical stages of development (Phase 2 or 3). Particular attention is given to viloxazine extended-release, which has completed Phase 3 studies in children and adolescents with ADHD.
Dyson swarms of von Neumann probes: prospects and predictions
Authors: Haliki Emir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to the Kardashev scale, possible Type-II and above civilizations could use energy sources of the universe in different ways. Self-replicator von Neumann probes believed to invade any galaxies in various studies could also have uses for gaining energy, in which Dyson swarm structures are likely to consist of probes that could emit energy from any luminous celestial object is to be considered first. On addressing some possible dynamical properties of probes, the study has examined in which size and populations they could enfold a star and how they could have observational evidences according to relevant star's energy output. On the basis of our solar system, it has also been shown using a weighted-directed network structure what kind of population and route they could have in case of spreading to the nearest-neighbouring stars.
Instagram Use, InstaMums, and Anxiety in Mothers of Young	Children
Authors: Moujaes Mara , Verrier Diarmuid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The emergence of social media has revolutionized communication and has had a profound effect on many aspects of motherhood. Image-centric social media, despite its overwhelming popularity, has faced much criticism for over-idealistic portrayals and the pressures it may place on women throughout pregnancy and the early years of their child’s life. This research aimed to determine whether a significant relationship exists between postnatal anxiety and Instagram usage in mothers with young children. The associational, cross-sectional design uses a sample of 210 mothers, aged 22–45, who have one or more children aged under 5 years. An online questionnaire measured anxiety, Instagram usage, and several potentially moderating traits. We found that the relationship between anxiety and online engagement with InstaMums – mothers made famous by Instagram – was moderated by both social comparison orientation and self-esteem. Engagement with InstaMums was associated with greater anxiety in those with higher social comparison orientation; it was also associated with greater anxiety in those with lower self-esteem. These findings are discussed in connection with social comparison theory, implications for healthy social media use, as well as avenues for future research.
Seasonal to Decadal Predictions With MIROC6: Description and Basic Evaluation
Authors: Kataoka Takahito , Tatebe Hiroaki , Koyama Hiroshi , Mochizuki Takashi , Ogochi Koji , Naoe Hiroaki , Imada Yukiko , Shiogama Hideo , Kimoto Masahide , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present paper presents results of seasonal‐to‐decadal climate predictions based on a coupled climate model called the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6 (MIROC6) contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). MIROC6 is initialized every year for 1960–2018 by assimilating observed ocean temperature and salinity anomalies and full fields of sea ice concentration and by prescribing atmospheric initial states from reanalysis data. The impacts of updating the system on prediction skill are then evaluated by comparing hindcast experiments between the MIROC6 prediction system and a previous system based on MIROC version 5 (MIROC5). Skill of seasonal prediction is overall improved in association with representation and initialization of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO), and the Northern Hemisphere sea ice concentration in MIROC6. In particular, the QBO is skillfully predicted up to 3 years ahead with a maximum anomaly correlation exceeding r = 0.8. The prediction skill for the North Atlantic Oscillation in winter is also enhanced, but the prediction still suffers from model's inherent errors. On decadal timescales, MIROC6 has a larger fraction of areas of the globe with better surface temperature skill at all lead times than MIROC5, and it has predictive skill in the annual‐mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic and the Pacific. In particular, MIROC6 hindcasts at 2–5 years lead time are able to capture the spatial structure of SST changes in the North Pacific and the eastern tropical Pacific associated with the 1970s regime shift better than MIROC5 hindcasts.
Linking Hydrology and Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics in a Subtropical Wetland: A Long‐Term Study of the Florida Everglades
Authors: Regier Peter , Larsen Laurel , Cawley Kaelin , Jaffé Rudolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) acts as an important biogeochemical component of aquatic ecosystems that controls nutrient cycling, influences water quality, and links terrestrial and oceanic carbon pools, yet long‐term studies of how changing environmental drivers alter its abundance and composition are rare. Using a 10‐year, spatially explicit data set from Everglades National Park, a globally significant wetland, we investigated the relationships between DOM quality/quantity and hydrologic/climatic drivers along two contrasting marsh‐estuarine transects based on generalized linear modeling and a cumulative sums analysis. Analyses revealed distinct spatial, seasonal, and interannual patterns in variability of DOC and optical properties. Landscape‐scale seasonal patterns showed an enrichment in microbial‐like and protein‐like DOM during the dry season relative to the wet season. While some compositional constituents varied with the solar calendar, responsive to temperature and photoperiod, others varied with the hydrologic calendar. Independent water level and discharge effects indicated strong hydrologic control on DOM quality that differed between the two transects, evidencing differences in their connectivity to areas of high agricultural activity. Across all sites, a significant long‐term increasing trend in the fluorescence index was observed, associated with a positive correlation with precipitation and also potential changes in agricultural inputs, with other features associated with drought and hurricanes. Lastly, the cumulative sums analysis revealed differences between the two transects in the sensitivity of DOM composition to decreased water levels associated with 30‐year climate scenarios, with the less hydrologically dynamic transect exhibiting greater potential sensitivity.