bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioning variation in measurements of beef carcass traits using ultrasound1
Authors: Schmidt Bradie M , Gonda Michael G , MacNeil Michael D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ultrasound technology provides cattle breeders with a quick, noninvasive, and inexpensive way to measure carcass data on live animals. Ultrasound data are used as indicator traits in cattle genetic evaluations for economically relevant carcass traits. Ultrasound cattle genetic evaluations assume homogeneous additive genetic and residual variance. Thus, the objective was to partition phenotypic variance in ultrasound carcass measurements into components for additive genetic effects, technicians, contemporary groups within technicians, and residual and to examine the homogeneity of these variances among image interpretation laboratories. Records of longissimus muscle area (LMA), percentage of intramuscular fat (IMF), and subcutaneous fat depth (SFD), measured using ultrasound, were provided by the American Angus Association (n = 65,967), American Hereford Association (n = 43,182), and American Simmental Association (n = 48,298). The data also included contemporary group, technician, imaging lab, and a three-generation pedigree for each animal. Variance components for ultrasound carcass measurements were first estimated with univariate animal models for each breed and imaging laboratory using derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood. Then, treating data from each imaging laboratory as separate traits, genetic correlations between laboratories for LMA, percentage of IMF, and subcutaneous fat were estimated with trivariate animal models. The technician explained 12–27%, 5–23%, and 4–26% of the variance for IMF, SFD, and LMA, respectively, across all three breeds. Variance due to technician was often greater than variance due to additive genetic effects but almost always less than that explained by the contemporary group. Within breeds, estimates of additive genetic variance for LMA, SFD, and IMF differed (range divided by mean) among laboratories by 4.5%, 21.5%, and 39.4 % (Angus); 31.6%, 15.0%, and 49.1% (Hereford); and 19.9%, 46.6%, and 55.3% (Simmental), respectively. Likewise, estimates of residual variance for LMA, SFD, and IMF differed among laboratories by 43.4%, 22.9%, and 43.3% (Angus); 24.9%, 15.2%, and 79.2% (Hereford); and 26.4%, 32.5%, and 46.2% (Simmental), respectively. Genetic correlations between labs across breeds ranged from 0.79 to 0.95 for IMF, 0.26 to 0.94 for SFD, and 0.78 to 0.98 for LMA. The impact of the observed heterogeneity of variance between labs on genetic evaluation requires further study.
Postoperative Bracing on Pain, Disability, Complications, and Fusion Rate Following 1–3+ Level Lumbar Fusion in Degenerative Conditions
Authors: Jones Jacob J. , Oduwole Samuel , Feinn Richard , Yue James J. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Lumbar fusion surgeries in degenerative spinal conditions can be invasive and may challenge the normal biomechanical spine and joint function. Frequently, patients require postoperative rehabilitation management. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine if there is an advantage to using a postoperative lumbar orthosis with regard to postoperative function and surgical healing.

Data Sources:
Articles in the English language were searched in electronic databases including PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 1, 2004 to January 1, 2019.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if they were described as being a prospective randomized trial, utilized a common pain score determinant, reported complications postoperatively, analyzed disability, and were published within a 15-year period. After review of 218 citations by 2 authors, 4 studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction:
Pain scores (Visual Analogue Scale/Dallas Pain Questionnaire), disability (Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), postoperative complications and fusion rate outcomes were collected.

Data Synthesis:
Four prospective randomized controlled trials were identified and met the inclusion criteria. The outcome disability level showed a combined effect differed from 0 and favored the control [g=0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.49, P=0.029]. Visual Analogue Scale pain’s combined effect did not differ from 0 and did not favor either the control or brace group (g=0.01, 95% CI: −0.25 to 0.27, P=0.93). The odds ratio (ORs) for complication rates did not differ from 1 (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.47–1.65, P=0.69). There was no significant difference in the ORs for fusion rate. Study heterogeneity was measured for all outcomes and there was no excessive variation.

Conclusions:
The present meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in pain scores, a decrease in disability level for control (no brace), no significant change in fusion rate, and no significant difference in the odds of complication for the brace group. These conclusions support the theory that there is no significant advantage of postoperative lumbar orthoses.
Long-term psychological and physical outcomes of women after postdural puncture headache
Authors: Orbach-Zinger Sharon , Eidelman Leonid A. , Livne Michal Y. , Matkovski Olya , Mangoubi Eitan , Borovich Adi , Wazwaz Susan A. , Ioscovich Alexander , Zekry Zoya Haitov Ben , Ariche Karin , Weiniger Carolyn F. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
Postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture during labour may lead to chronic sequalae.

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to measure the incidence of postpartum depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic headache, backache and breastfeeding rates after a postdural puncture headache.

DESIGN
A retrospective, case-matched cohort study.

SETTING
A review of documented cases of dural puncture and matched case controls occurring at Rabin Medical Center and Shamir Medical Center from 01 January 2012 to 30 September 2018.

PATIENTS
The study cohort consisted of women with a documented postdural puncture headache and the controls were women with uneventful labour epidurals in the same 24-h period. Women were interviewed by telephone.

PRIMARY OUTCOMES MEASURE
The primary outcome measure was the incidence of postpartum depression after a postdural puncture headache.

RESULTS
Women with postdural puncture headache (n = 132) and controls (n = 276) had similar demographic data. The incidence of postpartum depression was 67/128 (52.3%) versus 31/276 (11.2%) for controls, P < 0.0001, 95% confidence intervals of the difference 31.5 to 50.2. Posttraumatic stress disorder was more frequent among women with postdural puncture headache, 17/132 (12.8%) versus controls 1/276 (0.4%), P < 0.0001, 95% confidence intervals of the difference 7.6 to 19.5. Women with postdural puncture headache breastfed less, 74/126 (54.5%) versus controls 212/276 (76.8%), P < 0.0001, 95% confidence intervals of the difference 33.1 to 55.2. Current headache and backache were significantly more frequent among women with postdural puncture headache [current headache 42/129 (32.6%) versus controls 42/276 (15.2%) P < 0.00001, 95% confidence intervals 0.085 to 0.266; current backache 58/129 (43.9%) versus controls 58/275 (21%) P < 0.0001, 95% confidence intervals 14.1 to 33.5].

CONCLUSION
We report an increased incidence of postpartum depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic headache and backache and decreased breastfeeding following a postdural puncture headache. Our findings emphasise the need for postpartum follow-up for women with postdural puncture headache.

TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER
Clinical trial registry number: NCT03550586.
Microbial Diversity and Community Structures Among Those With Moderate to Severe TBI: A United States-Veteran Microbiome Project Study
Authors: Brenner Lisa A. , Stamper Christopher E. , Hoisington Andrew J. , Stearns-Yoder Kelly A. , Stanislawksi Maggie A. , Brostow Diana P. , Hoffmire Claire A. , Forster Jeri E. , Schneider Alexandra L. , Postolache Teodor T. , Lowry Christopher A. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the association between distal moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) history and the human gut microbiome.

Setting:
Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Participants:
Veterans from the United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP). Veterans with moderate/severe TBI (n = 34) were compared with (1) Veterans with a history of no TBI (n = 79) and (2) Veterans with a history of no TBI or mild TBI only (n = 297).

Design:
Microbiome analyses from 16S rRNA gene sequencing with gut microbiota function inferred using PICRUSt2.

Main Measures:
α-Diversity and β-diversity of the gut microbiome, as well as taxonomic and functional signatures associated with moderate/severe TBI.

Results:
There were no significant differences in gut bacterial α- and β-diversity associated with moderate/severe TBI status. No differentially abundant taxa were identified when comparing samples from moderate/severe TBI to those with no TBI or no TBI/mild TBI.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that moderate/severe TBI-related changes to the gut microbiome do not persist for years postinjury.
Primary Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases Beyond Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children
Authors: Egritas Gurkan Odul , Ozturk Hakan , Karagol Hacer Ilbilge Ertoy , Ceylan Kamercan , Duztas Demet Teker , Ekinci Ozgur , Sari Sinan , Dalgic Buket , Bakirtas Arzu 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:There are many unknowns about primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) in childhood. The aim of this study is to provide data about the frequency, management, control level, and prognosis of well documented primary EGID in childhood.Methods:This study was conducted in children who underwent endoscopy and/or colonoscopy at a single center over 10‐year period up to August 2018. Primary EGID was diagnosed after exclusion of secondary EGID and classified as eosinophilic gastritis (EG), eosinophilic enteritis (EE), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE: eosinophilic gastritis with eosinophilic enteritis) and eosinophilic colitis (EC) according to histopathological evaluation. The pathological number of eosinophil counts were accepted as >30 hpf for gastric mucosa in 5 hpf area, ≥20/hpf for duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosa, >50/hpf for right colonic mucosa, >35/hpf for transverse colonic mucosa, and >25/hpf for left colonic mucosa. Presenting symptoms, signs, management, follow‐up, disease control level, and remission were analyzed. Remission is defined if the patient is controlled with all clinical, endoscopic/colonoscopic, and histopathologic parameters without any treatments or diet for at least a year.Results:During the study period, 7457 biopsies were taken in 8262 endoscopy and/or colonoscopy procedures. Primary and secondary EGID frequencies were found 0.23% (n = 17 patients) and 0.1% (n =8 patients) per procedure with biopsy in children, respectively. Endoscopy/colonoscopy procedures were not able to performed in 9 patients because of short follow‐up period (n = 6) or patients leaving follow‐up (n = 3). Nine of the primary EGID patients had esophageal eosinophilia (EsE) at the time of diagnosis, 5 of them were previously managed as EoE. The median follow‐up period of primary EGID patients excluding the ones without a control endoscopy/colonoscopy procedure was 3.35 years (min‐max: 1.1–9.0 years). Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were the most frequently used treatment alone or in combination with diet, systemic and/or topical corticosteroids. Disease control was evaluated in 8 of 17 patients and it was uncontrolled in 4, partially controlled in 1, and controlled in 3 patients. Remission was achieved in 2 patients.Conclusions:The frequency of primary EGID beyond eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children is low. It may be difficult to achieve control in children with primary EGID in the long‐term follow‐up.
Mandibular Angle Contouring Using Porous Polyethylene Stock or PEEK-based Patient Specific Implants. A Critical Analysis
Authors: Olate Sergio , Uribe Francisca , Huentequeo-Molina Claudio , Goulart Douglas R. , Sigua-Rodriguez Eder A. , Alister Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Contour augmentation and mandibular angle modification surgery is becoming increasingly. The aim of this research is to compare technique and outcomes in augmentations done with standard implants or PEEK-based patient specific implants (PSI) in mandibular angle. Data from surgical planning, operative and post-operative of 6 months follow-up were revised for 21 patients who were submitted to facial surgery using a stock implant obtained from companies currently on the market or 3D implants created with CAD/CAM technology using PEEK 3D printing. Surgical time, intra-operative and post-operative complications were compared, analyzing the advantages and disadvantage of each technique. Statistical analyses using t-test and chi-squared were performed considering P value< 0.05 for statistical differences. Twelve patients were operated on with stock implants and nine patients with PSI. The surgical time was 15 minutes less for the 3D implant surgeries (P = 0.021) and intraoperatively only the stock implants needed modifications with wear and adaptation methods; post-operative infections were observed in both groups with no significant differences (P > 0.05). The 3D implants had greater levels of facial symmetry than the stock implants, although they did not present significant differences.Considering the limitations of this study, mandibular angle implants with a PEEK-based 3D CAD/CAM are efficient, stable and have a low complication rate; the CAD/CAM strategy is useful in facial surgery and can be integrated as a standard for surgical planning in facial makeover surgery.
What Promotes Surgeon Practice Change? A Scoping Review of Innovation Adoption in Surgical Practice
Authors: Arroyo Natalia A. , Gessert Thomas , Hitchcock Mary , Tao Michael , Smith Cara Damico , Greenberg Caprice , Fernandes-Taylor Sara , Francis David O. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The goal of this scoping review was to summarize the literature on facilitators and barriers to surgical practice change. This information can inform research to implement best practices and evaluate new surgical innovations.

Background:
In an era of accelerated innovations, surgeons face the difficult decision to either acknowledge and implement or forgo new advances. Although changing surgical practice to align with evidence is an imperative of health systems, evidence-based guidelines have not translated into consistent change. The literature on practice change is limited and has largely focused on synthesizing information on methods and trials to evaluate innovative surgical interventions. No reviews to date have grounded their analysis within an implementation science framework.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature on surgical practice change was performed. Abstracts and full-text articles were reviewed for relevance using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted from each article. Cited facilitators and barriers were then mapped across domains within the implementation science Theoretical Domains Framework and expanded to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model.

Results:
Components of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model were represented across the Theoretical Domains Framework domains and acted as both facilitators and barriers to practice change depending on the circumstances. Domains that most affected surgical practice change, in order, were: opportunity (environmental context and resources and social influences), capability (knowledge and skills), and motivation (beliefs about consequences and reinforcement).

Conclusions:
Practice change is predicated on a conducive environment with adequate resources, but once that is established, the surgeon's individual characteristics, including skills, motivation, and reinforcement determine the likelihood of successful change. Deficiencies in the literature underscore the need for further study of resource interventions and the role of surgical team dynamics in the adoption of innovation. A better understanding of these areas is needed to optimize our ability to disseminate and implement best practices in surgery.
Seasonal food webs with migrations: multi-season models reveal indirect species interactions in the Canadian Arctic tundra
Authors: Hutchison Chantal , Guichard Frédéric , Legagneux Pierre , Gauthier Gilles , Bêty Joël , Berteaux Dominique , Fauteux Dominique , Gravel Dominique 
Published: August 2020

Models incorporating seasonality are necessary to fully assess the impact of global warming on Arctic communities. Seasonal migrations are a key component of Arctic food webs that still elude current theories predicting a single community equilibrium. We develop a multi-season model of predator–prey dynamics using a hybrid dynamical systems framework applied to a simplified tundra food web (lemming–fox–goose–owl). Hybrid systems models can accommodate multiple equilibria, which is a basic requirement for modelling food webs whose topology changes with season. We demonstrate that our model can generate multi-annual cycling in lemming dynamics, solely from a combined effect of seasonality and state-dependent behaviour. We compare our multi-season model to a static model of the predator–prey community dynamics and study the interactions between species. Interestingly, including seasonality reveals indirect interactions between migrants and residents not captured by the static model. Further, we find that the direction and magnitude of interactions between two species are not necessarily accurate using only summer time-series. Our study demonstrates the need for the development of multi-season models and provides the tools to analyse them. Integrating seasonality in food web modelling is a vital step to improve predictions about the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning’.
Arctic coastal benthos long-term responses to perturbations under climate warming
Authors: Al-Habahbeh Amalia Keck , Kortsch Susanne , Bluhm Bodil A. , Beuchel Frank , Gulliksen Bjørn , Ballantine Carl , Cristini Domiziana , Primicerio Raul 
Published: August 2020

Climate warming influences structure and function of Arctic benthic ecosystems. Assessing the response of these systems to perturbations requires long-term studies addressing key ecological processes related to recolonization and succession of species. Based on unique time-series (1980–2017), this study addresses successional patterns of hard-bottom benthos in two fjords in NW Svalbard after a pulse perturbation in 1980 and during a period of rapid climate warming. Analysis of seafloor photographs revealed different return rates of taxa, and variability in species densities, through time. It took 13 and 24 years for the community compositions of cleared and control transects to converge in the two fjords. Nearly two decades after the study initiation, an increase in filamentous and foliose macroalgae was observed with a subsequent reorganization in the invertebrate community. Trait analyses showed a decrease in body size and longevity of taxa in response to the pulse perturbation and a shift towards small/medium size and intermediate longevity following the macroalgae takeover. The observed slow recovery rates and abrupt shifts in community structure document the vulnerability of Arctic coastal ecosystems to perturbations and continued effects of climate warming.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning’.
Use of organic exudates from two polar diatoms by bacterial isolates from the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Tisserand Lucas , Dadaglio Laëtitia , Intertaglia Laurent , Catala Philippe , Panagiotopoulos Christos , Obernosterer Ingrid , Joux Fabien 
Published: August 2020

Global warming affects primary producers in the Arctic, with potential consequences for the bacterial community composition through the consumption of microalgae-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). To determine the degree of specificity in the use of an exudate by bacterial taxa, we used simple microalgae–bacteria model systems. We isolated 92 bacterial strains from the sea ice bottom and the water column in spring–summer in the Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean). The isolates were grouped into 42 species belonging to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Forty strains were tested for their capacity to grow on the exudate from two Arctic diatoms
.
Most of the strains tested (78%) were able to grow on the exudate from the pelagic diatom
Chaetoceros neogracilis
, and 33% were able to use the exudate from the sea ice diatom
Fragilariopsis cylindrus
. 17.5% of the strains were not able to grow with any exudate, while 27.5% of the strains were able to use both types of exudates. All strains belonging to Flavobacteriia (
n
= 10) were able to use the DOM provided by
C. neogracilis
, and this exudate sustained a growth capacity of up to 100 times higher than diluted Marine Broth medium, of two
Pseudomonas
sp. strains and one
Sulfitobacter
strain. The variable bioavailability of exudates to bacterial strains highlights the potential role of microalgae in shaping the bacterial community composition.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
Benthic phosphorus cycling within the Eurasian marginal sea ice zone
Authors: Tessin Allyson , März Christian , Kędra Monika , Matthiessen Jens , Morata Nathalie , Nairn Michael , O'Regan Matt , Peeken Ilka 
Published: August 2020

The Arctic Ocean region is currently undergoing dramatic changes, which will likely alter the nutrient cycles that underpin Arctic marine ecosystems. Phosphate is a key limiting nutrient for marine life but gaps in our understanding of the Arctic phosphorus (P) cycle persist. In this study, we investigate the benthic burial and recycling of phosphorus using sediments and pore waters from the Eurasian Arctic margin, including the Barents Sea slope and the Yermak Plateau. Our results highlight that P is generally lost from sediments with depth during organic matter respiration. On the Yermak Plateau, remobilization of P results in a diffusive flux of P to the seafloor of between 96 and 261 µmol m−2 yr−1. On the Barents Sea slope, diffusive fluxes of P are much larger (1736–2449 µmol m−2 yr−1), but these fluxes are into near-surface sediments rather than to the bottom waters. The difference in cycling on the Barents Sea slope is controlled by higher fluxes of fresh organic matter and active iron cycling. As changes in primary productivity, ocean circulation and glacial melt continue, benthic P cycling is likely to be altered with implications for P imported into the Arctic Ocean Basin.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning’.