bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ permeability and shape factor of flat-base recharge wells using variations of porous walls
Authors: Rachmawati Azizah , Suhardjono  , Andawayanti Ussy , Tri Juwono Pitojo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Shape factors of recharge wells that have existed in various forms can be seen in terms of the absorption and the value. The development of existing recharge wells considers their various shapes and values. The condition factor 5b, according to Dachler (1936) and Sunjoto (2002), needs to be examined. The shape factor is the coefficient of dimension planning, which takes into account the perimeter, area, volume, and water level of the recharge well. The permeability coefficient is very important. An experiment on the field involved three recharge well models in a flat base impregnation, testing the porous wall (L) and well radius (R). The aim of this research is to investigate the shape factor values of the three recharge well models whose upper walls are made of concrete pipes with diameters of 0.6 m, 0.8 m, and 1.0 m. The height of the porous wall varies from 0.3 m, 0.7 m, to 1.0 m. In this study, the results showed that the shape factor simultaneously influenced the height of the porous wall (F = 22.49 > F table = 5.59; P < 0.05). However, there is a positive correlation between the change in the shape factor and the height of the porous wall on a flat base for the recharge wells (R2 = 0.79).
Seeking alternatives of water-saving irrigation: sprinkler irrigation for smallholder sugarcane farmers in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rasyid Ridla Ranomahera Muhammad , Ritzema Henk 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane farmers in Lumajang in East Java Province have a strong preference of using furrow irrigation instead of sprinkler irrigation. To evaluate the possibility of smallholder sprinkler irrigation as an alternative water-saving irrigation method, the aim of this research is to examine the socio-technical dimension of current irrigation practices of smallholder sugarcane farmers, emphasizing the extent of farmer perspectives and knowledge. As comparison to furrows, a smallholder sprinkler system was designed and evaluated. The sprinkler was expected to fit smallholders’ acreage, has low investment costs, is easy to build by locals, and is easy in its operation. The responses, perspectives and expectations of farmers to this smallholder sprinkler system are also discussed. The results indicated that smallholder sugarcane farmers perceive furrow irrigation as the best and low-cost irrigation method. They have already spent money on furrow irrigation investment; however, that investment was seen as a burden for their budgets because smallholders perceived sprinkler irrigation as an expensive irrigation method. In addition, the sprinkler could not satisfy their main expectation because it delivered less water than furrows, meaning the soil was not saturated. This mind-set underlines the slow acceptance process of a relatively new irrigation technology implementation for smallholders in Indonesia.
Estimation of groundwater potential using the electrical resistivity method - Wenner Array
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Halik Gusfan , Ainur Rohmah Maisaroh , Sisinggih Dian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Groundwater as a water resource has now become a complex national issue. Therefore, due to excessive groundwater abstraction, it is necessary to minimize the negative impact. This research aims to estimate groundwater level distribution and its possible use at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Jember. A total path length of 392 meters was investigated. Field data was collected using a resistivity meter with the Wenner configuration method. In addition, the data obtained from the measurements were processed using RES2DINV software. The results showed that the distribution of groundwater lies at depths between 25.3-39.7 meters. Meanwhile, the potential use for aquifers is classified as moderate. This is based on the classification of groundwater potential, which indicated that the layers of soil at the site contain alluvium plains and coarse-grained to medium gravel and sand, with the addition of clay.
Evaluation of pipe network distribution system using EPANET 2.0 (a case study of the city of Jember)
Authors: Yunarni Widiarti Wiwik , Wahyuni Sri , Utami Agung Wiyono Retno , Hidayah Entin , Halik Gusfan , Sisinggih Dian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fulfilment of drinking water needs is one of the government programs to support the achievement of the target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the important parameters in the fulfilment of drinking water needs is a good distribution system. The aims of this research are to create a design to analyse the hydraulic model of drinking water distribution. The utilized model involved the EPANET 2.0 software. The utilized data included land elevation, pipe distribution base map, population, and discharge. The results indicated that the existing design has not fulfilled the standards of availability, hydraulics analysis, and calibration. Therefore, there needs to be a redesign that fulfils all parameters. The results of the new design requires a two-stage development process for the new water distribution system, with the first stage to be executed in 2015-2020 and the second stage to be executed in 2020-2025. Hydraulic analysis shows that additional discharge is needed to increase pressure and velocity. Model calibration was performed by comparing simulated data with field data; the result of pressure calibration is 0.928 and the result of discharge calibration is 0.894. These two results indicated that the results of the simulation are highly correlated with the field conditions.
Model of rainfall erosion index for predicting the potential erosion rate by using a rainfall simulator
Authors: Yulianti Erni , Montarcih Limantara Lily , Suhartanto Ery , Dermawan Very 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The intent of this research is to investigate the rainfall erosion index that has the highest correlation to the surface runoff volume and the amount of soil erosion. In addition, the aim of this research is to determine the effective rainfall erosion index to predict soil erosion based on observations. This research was conducted in a hydrology laboratory by using a rainfall simulator. The three methods that were used for analysing rainfall erosion were the formulas of EI30 by Bols, Utomo, and Lenvain. The result is expected to become a consideration in selecting the model of rainfall erosion index due to the rainfall factor as the input of soil erosion prediction. This research provides a temporary hypothesis for obtaining the value of the rain erosivity index with a different value from previous studies with EI30, which leads to the latest model for estimating and predicting from the Bols equation. Based on this research, the rain erosivity index was obtained with a predicting value and final equation of EI30 = 5.128 x (Rain)1.26 x (Days)0.47 x (Maxp)0.53 x (High)0.61 with the explained value from research analysis being EI30 = 5.128 x (50.002)1.35 x (23)0.47 x (622)0.53 x (12)0.61. Analysis was then performed with trial and error, and the conclusion of this research is a high rain erosivity index.
Assessment of critical land using geographic information systems - a case study of Limboto watershed, Gorontalo
Authors: Ramdhan Olii Muhammad , Ichsan Ilyas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Limboto is one of the watersheds in Indonesia that have suffered considerable damage. The degradation of Limboto Watershed was caused by extended land allocation for dry land agriculture that does not regard conservation practices, especially for corn as the main commodity from Gorontalo. Watershed degradation is directly proportional to an increase in critical land affected by various factors, which are land use, slope, and soil erosion. The aim of this research is to assess and to represent the spatial distribution of critical land in the Limboto Watershed based on the Directorate-General of Watershed Management and Forest Protection Regulation Number P.3/PDASHL/SET/KUM.1/7/2018 on the Technical Guidelines for the Drafting Spatial Data on Critical Land. The factors of critical land were collected and processed through a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach. The results of this study indicated that the Limboto Watershed is dominated by land of rather critical class. This provides useful information for decision makers and the local government to take appropriate land management measures in Limboto Watershed.
The continuous snake-line method as a potential indicator of warning levels for landslides and lahar disasters
Authors: Pamudji Rahardjo Adam , Saiful Syafiq Zakaria , Legono Djoko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A combination of long-term rainfall index (LRI) and short-term rainfall index (SRI) is commonly used as an indicator for estimating whether a series of rainfalls is likely or unlikely to cause landslides or lahar flows. The LRI represents the condition of soil structure instability. The SRI represents the condition of soil surface instability. A critical line can be drawn separating zones of occurring and non-occurring landslides or lahar floods. An occurrence of series of rainfalls can be monitored by drawing a snake line representing the progression of LRI-SRI values. By selecting an appropriate definition of LRI and SRI indices, a continuous snake-line can be developed for monitoring warning conditions of progressing rainfall events. Several existing definitions of LRI vs. SRI such as cumulative rainfall vs. hourly rainfall, working rainfall vs. hourly rainfall, and working rainfall with long half-life vs. working rainfall with short half-life were reviewed in terms of their effectiveness in delivering warning and practicability in drawing and reading the snake-line. A procedure for accommodating snake-line drawings of several definitions was established. The procedure was tested by several serial rainfall events and has shown good capability in facilitating monitoring activities for landslides or flood warnings.
Determination of nucleation assay for anti-urolithiasis activity from bagasse Musa acuminate x balbisiana Colla cv. Pisang Awak Legor methanolic extracts using uv-spectrometer and size measurement.
Authors: Zarin M A , Tan J S , Ahmad R , Jin N Z , Aziz N F H A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Determination of inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallisation in vitro by nucleation assay is based on the rates of nucleation by comparing the slope of the turbidity of a control system with that of one exposed to the extract, which was found to be inaccurate when the CaOx crystals were formed and precipitated. A need exists for improved methods to determine the inhibition activity in nucleation assay for the study of anti-urolithiasis activity. In this study, the size reduction of CaOx crystals after treated with methanolic extract of Musa acuminate x balbisiana Colla cv. Pisang Awak Legor bagasse was measured under light microscopy and correlated to the turbidity and percentage of inhibition. Different concentrations of bagasse extract (2, 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/ml) were investigated and the result shows that high concentration of extract would promote reduction in CaOx’s stone size, but it increased the amount of sediment crystals, resulting high turbidity. The stone size was reduced up to 93.76±0.19% in the presence of 100 mg/mL extract while the inhibition percentage was negative (-102.17±0.04%) as the optical density (OD) of the extract was higher than control in the turbidity calculation. The results of this study are expected to provide an understanding on the way of calculating the activity in nucleation assay.
Thermal Conductivity and Sound Absorption Properties of Carbon Nanotube / Foam Aluminum Composites
Authors: Liu Zhe , Chen Mingying , Han Junjiao , Lang Zhaoyang , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong , Ji Zhe , Jia Chengchang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article uses powder metallurgy technology to prepare foamed aluminum and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / foamed aluminum composites. The laser thermal diffusion analyzer, thermal analyzer, and transfer function sound absorption coefficient test system were used to study the thermal conductivity and sound absorption properties of aluminum foam and its composites, respectively. The results show that the thermal conductivity of aluminum foam with 79% porosity is only 5W · m−1·K−1, which is much smaller than the thermal conductivity of aluminum. So it can be used as an ideal thermal insulation material; The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / foamed aluminum-based composites increases first and then decreases with the increase in the mass fraction of CNTs. As the test temperature increases, the thermal conductivity of the material gradually increases. When the mass fraction of CNTs is 0.75%, the thermal conductivity of foamed aluminum-based composites reaches the maximum. As the test frequency increases, the sound absorption performance of foamed aluminum first increases, then decreases, and then gradually increases, reaching a maximum value around 1000 Hz. The sound absorption performance of CNTs / foam aluminum matrix composites decreases at lower test frequencies as the mass fraction of CNTs increases. At higher frequencies, as the mass fraction of CNTs increases, the sound absorption coefficient of foamed aluminum decreases first and then increases.
Analysis of T23 Steel Weld-Joint on the Stress Relaxation Crack at Medium Temperature
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Wang Yuwei , Chen Zhongbing , Zhang Yu , Ding Yongsan , Zhu Hongbin , Yin Shaohua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper issues a new type of reheat-crack of T23 steel weld which is deferent to the cracks occurred at higher temperature above 550 degree as literatures reported. The specimen to be studied taken from a unit with long service time is analyzed by means of metallographic, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. When further in-depth analysis is carried out on the test results, we find that Ti (Al) -N compounds are precipitated at grain boundaries, promote the formation of cavities, and finally become crack. Although the temperature of the crack is only about 380 degree which is much lower than the reheat-crack sensitivite temperature limit of T23 steel, but we also regard this crack as a type of stress relaxation crack which is another form of reheat-crack in coarse grained region of T23 steel weld-joint under specific service environment.
First-Principles Investigation of β-Titanium Doping with Trace Transition Metal Elements
Authors: Song Jia , Wang Luyu , Wu Kaiqi , Wu Wenheng , Zhang Liang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The lattice parameters, formation enthalpy, and electronic structures of β-Ti doping with trace transition metal element X (X=Cr, In, Mo, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru, Sc, Tc, and Y) were systematically calculated by first-principles simulations to explore the effect of these metal elements on the stability of β-Ti at 0 K. Based on our calculations, a satisfactory linear function is found between atomic radius of dopant X and corresponding volume difference. The formation enthalpy results show that the addition of trace transition metal X plays a positive role in the thermodynamical stability of β-Ti at 0 K. This intriguing behavior is well explained by the density of state (DOS).
Construction and Application of Height Control Model of Urban Building based on GIS: Taking Guanyun County as an Example
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yao Lin , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It has become an urgent demand of urban residents to shape the appropriate urban space style and strengthen the sharing of landscape resources through the height control of urban buildings. Starting from the visual corridor of urban landscape, taking Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province as an example, a scientific and efficient height control model and planning technical framework for urban buildings were constructed based on GIS. Based on the demonstration of the surrounding area of Dayi Mountain in Guanyun County, scientific viewpoint selection and multi-dimensional line-of-sight control analysis were carried out to construct the three-level urban building height control model: reference model of urban height control, modified model of urban height control, status quo correction model of urban height control. Finally, the height control zones of urban buildings were divided and planning guidelines were proposed. It can provide reference for the research on height control of urban buildings and related planning and construction.
Numerical Model Progress of Liquid Fuel Micro-droplets Evaporation
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The evaporation of spray injected in material and mechanical engineering has significant effect on mixture formation, emissions and power output. In fact, for only micro-droplets in regular arrangement, fluid motion, supercritical and various shapes changed with time and so on, these common phenomena are quite complex and difficult to be understood and simulated. Especially, the studies of latest decade can show the development level of the relevant models, which will be reviewed in this paper. Some typical traditional quasi- and multi-dimensional models predicting various evaporation characteristics are reviewed for the newest developments to understand much more complex species, momentum and heat transport phenomena through the gas-liquid interface in industrial sprays with real operating conditions. Some experiments used to compare with these models developed are analyzed to reveal some aspect to be improved both for experiment and model. As can be seen from the comparison of the multidimensional results with the quasi-dimensional ones, the more comprehensive models are apparently in favor of understanding the micro-droplet evaporation better. Furthermore, the micro-droplet group shows more complex evaporation process than that of isolate micro-droplet.
Biomass Derived Fuels for Gas Turbine Application
Authors: Zhang Taiyan , Yao Yongling , Lu Chengbin , Xu Bin , He Dongyang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of biomass-derived fuels as an alternative energy has become a key solution to solve fossil fuels shortage and reduce greenhouse gas emission. With the development on biomass energy conversion, biofuels show great improvement in product yield, fuel quality and combustion characteristics, making it possible for gas turbine applications. The stable combustion flame of the gas turbine makes it adaptable to various biofuels. The main research of utilizing biomass-derived fuels in gas turbine in recent years was summarized. Characteristics and combustion feasibility of typical biofuels were discussed including both liquid phase biofuels and gas phase biofuels. The combustion performance, pollutant emission and combustion optimization of biofuels combustion in gas turbines was analysed. The main problems and effective solutions for biofuel applications were summarized, providing guidance for clean and efficient use of biofuels in gas turbines.
Hydrochemical Types of Karst Groundwater in Tailai Basin
Authors: Feng Jianguo , Ji Deshuai , Gao Zongjun , Lu Tongmin , He Minghao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Karst water resources is about 24% of the total amount of groundwater resources that can be exploited in China. Among the 15 groundwater sources in Tailai Basin, there are 12 karst water sources, accounting for 80%. With the survey and evaluation data of groundwater sources in Shandong Province, hydrochemical types analysis of karst water is carried out by Schukalev classification and The trilinear chart by Piper, and it is of great significance to development and utilization of karst water. The hydrochemical types of karst water is dominated by HCO3·SO4-Ca water. However, if the naming of hydrochemical types involve nitrate, excess 39% of the karst water hydrochemical types changes. In addition, historical data shows that the concentration of nitrate in karst water has gradually increased, so it is recommended to increase nitrate indicators in the classification of hydrochemical types.
Distance Prediction of Slope-Foot Landslide in Southwest of China Based on GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhou Hao , Chen Yong , Tian Ruoying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Landslide is a typical geological hazard in southwest China. In order to reasonably assess the disaster-causing range of earthquake-induced landslides in southwest China, the prediction of landslide movement distance is very important. By making principal component analysis of the factors affecting the distance of landslide movement and combining with the mechanism of landslide movement, the three principal components are named as kinetic energy factor, slope factor and resistance factor, which are used as input neurons of BP neural network. The initial weights and thresholds of BP neural network are optimized by using the global search ability of genetic algorithm, and the prediction models of maximum vertical motion distance (H) and maximum horizontal motion distance (L) of landslide are constructed based on the optimized network. At the same time, on the basis of principal component analysis, a multivariate regression prediction model is constructed, and the results of network model prediction are compared with those of multivariate regression prediction. The optimization effect of genetic algorithm for BP neural network is obvious. The BP neural network model after optimization is accurate and stable in predicting the motion distance of slope foot landslide. The prediction errors of maximum horizontal and vertical motion distances below 10% accounted for 86.67% and 93.33% respectively, which is superior to the original BP neural network and multiple regression prediction model.
Complex Environmental Characteristics of Coastal Salt Spray Area and Effect of Carbon Dioxide Content on Corrosion of Steel Bars
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Lu , Song Yingqiu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the coastal atmospheric environment, corrosive media exists due to natural and man-made pollution, which has a great impact on the durability of concrete structures. Taking the environment of Shenzhen coastal salt spray area as an example, the environmental parameters were observed on site, and the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was measured. The influence of steel corrosion on steel was analyzed. The study found that the annual temperature change range of the coastal salt spray area is 15 °C to 37.9 °C, and the change is first rising and then decreasing. The temperature rises in the first half of the year, and the temperature gradually decreases in the second half of the year. The highest humidity in the measurement area is 74.7%. The minimum is 56%, and the overall level is maintained at a high level, which is between 55% and 75%. The carbon dioxide content of the five measuring points is consistent throughout the year, and the carbon dioxide content is high in spring and winter.