bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pour une éthopoiétique du témoignage
Authors: Galichon Isabelle 
Published: April 2020

Nous proposons dans le cadre de cet article de penser à nouveaux frais la notion de témoignage à partir des travaux de Michel Foucault sur les pratiques de soi, en particulier dans les derniers cours au Collège de France. L’analyse du témoignage, dans ce cadre ne relève plus alors uniquement des études littéraires et remet en question la catégorie de « genre littéraire » affectée au témoignage. Il procède davantage d’un processus de subjectivation éthique qu’il s’agit d’appréhender à la lisière de la philosophie et de la littérature. À partir d’un corpus de témoignages rendant compte de l’expérience concentrationnaire, il s’agira de mettre en évidence comment les derniers travaux de Michel Foucault fournissent des éléments pour penser cette notion transversale et déplacent le cadre épistémologique sur un terrain éthopoiétique .
Studies on Non-preference Mechanism and Biochemical Aspects of Resistance to BPH Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) on Resistant Rice Genotypes
Authors: Udayasree M. , Rajanikanth P. , Varma N. R. G. , Sreedhar M. 
Published: April 2020

Aims: To conduct studies on non-preference mechanism and biochemical aspects of resistance to BPH on resistant rice genotype.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Poly-house, Department of Entomology, Rice Research Centre, Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India, between June 2017 and May 2018.
Methodology: The selected rice entries were selected including PTB33 (resistant check) and TN1 (susceptible check), this was replicated thrice. After 30 days, about hundred first instar nymphs were released in the pots. The number of nymphs settled on each entry was counted from randomly selected 10 hills at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after release. Number of probing marks made by a day old single female insect during 24 hours of its feeding was recorded on all the selected entries along with resistant and susceptible rice cultures. Estimation of total phenols, total sugars and proteins was done for selected rice genotypes.
Results: Among all the test cultures, KNM 2305, KNM 2307, JGL 24423 and Sabita recorded lowest number of nymphal settlement. Biochemical aspects of resistance like total phenols, total sugars and protein content in selected rice genotypes was done. The amount of total phenol was observed to be maximum in the leaf sheath of moderately resistant JGL 24423 (2.70 mg/g). The amount of total sugars was lowest in RNR 26111 (0.33 mg/ g), RNR 21571(0.86 mg/g) followed by JGL 24423 (1.40 mg/g) and highest in susceptible check TN-1 (2.97 mg/g). Least amount of protein was observed in JGL 24423 (0.76 mg/g) followed by IET 23993 (1.43 mg/g).
When seeing what's wrong makes you right: The effect of erroneous examples on 3D diagram learning
Authors: Jaeger Allison J. , Marzano Joanna A. , Shipley Thomas F. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryComprehending 3D diagrams is critical for success in scientific practice and research demonstrates that understanding of 3D geology diagrams can be improved by making predictive sketches. In mathematics, explaining erroneous examples can support learning. This study combined these approaches to better understand how to effectively support 3D geologic diagram understanding. Participants generated sketches, explained erroneous example sketches, or copied and explained correct sketches. It was hypothesized that generating sketches or explaining erroneous cases would improve understanding, but an open question was whether these conditions would differ from each other. Explaining erroneous examples and sketching improved understanding whereas explaining correct sketches did not. Further, explaining erroneous examples was a more efficient strategy than sketching. These results indicate that erroneous examples can be effective for supporting 3D diagram comprehension and may be a practical substitute for some traditional sketching activities in the context of real classrooms where class time is limited.
A comparison of factor‐analytic and equal diagonal factor‐analytic models in multi‐location trials analyses
Authors: Hu Xiyuan , Han Dejun , Zhang Renhe , Wu Jianhui , Ren Huili 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe two most promising models for analyzing multi‐location trials (MLT) include the factor‐analytic (FA) and equal diagonal factor‐analytic (FA1) models. Here, we compare the two models by analyzing four datasets performed for the corn (Zea mays L.) performance trails in Northeastern and Northern China. The FA model contained more parameters for the variance–covariance of variety effects than the FA1 model. In data fitting, the effective (parameter value estimated >0) parameter number difference between the two models was not as large as in theory and was reduced with an increasing number of factors. In goodness‐of‐fit for trial data, the two models were competitive based on both the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the likelihood‐ratio test (LRT). There were no notable differences between the two models in the estimates, rankings, standard errors of estimates, test efficiencies of contrasts for variety main (mean over all locations) effects, and discrimination power for varieties. The FA models were superior to FA1 models in the standard error of estimates and test efficiency of contrasts for variety simple effects. Therefore, the FA model was suggested for the analysis of MLTs. A general recommendation for the selection of either the FA or FA1 models using AIC or LRT cannot be made from this analysis.
How a baby with classic galactosemia was nearly missed: When the test succeeds but system fails
Authors: Viall Sarah , Calhoun Amy , Mew Nicholas Ah , Tarini Beth A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) is a well‐established state‐run public health program which has targeted the early identification of treatable diseases like classic galactosemia (CG) for over a decade. We describe the case of a symptomatic newborn with CG and an abnormal screen report, including positive DNA‐based test, who still managed to fall through the cracks in a sub‐optimally functioning NBS program, despite decades of screening experience. While much attention is paid to testing technology, this case illustrates basic minimum requirements a newborn screening program must fulfill to reliably identify and treat all affected individuals including minimum reporting requirements, case surveillance and a dedicated short‐term follow‐up program. In newborn screening, success is systematic.
Fruit‐feeding and activity patterns of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda
Authors: Ostrofsky Kelly R. , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesAvailability of fruit is an important factor influencing variation in great ape foraging strategies and activity patterns. This study aims to quantify how frugivory influences activity budgets across age‐sex classes of mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.Materials and methodsDaily proportions of fruit‐feeding and activity budgets were calculated using 6 years of observational data on four habituated groups. We fitted generalized linear mixed models to test for age‐sex differences in the amount of fruit‐feeding, and to test whether these factors influence the proportion of time spent feeding, resting, and traveling.ResultsBwindi mountain gorillas spent on average 15% of feeding time consuming fruit, with monthly variation ranging from 0 to 70%. Greater amounts of fruit‐feeding were associated with more time feeding and traveling, and less time resting. Immatures tended to spend more feeding time on fruit than adults, but less overall time feeding and more time traveling. There were no significant differences in the amount of fruit‐feeding and overall feeding time between adult females and silverback males, despite differences in body size.DiscussionThis study confirms that gorillas are frugivorous, and only the Virunga mountain gorilla population can be characterized as highly folivorous. Along with other frugivorous great apes, Bwindi mountain gorillas alter their activity patterns in response to varying amounts of fruit in their diet. A better understanding of how variable ecological conditions can drive diversity even within a subspecies has important implications for understanding relationships between ecology, body size, and foraging strategies in great apes.
The Bronze and Iron Age populations of the Armenian Highland in the genetic history of Armenians
Authors: Movsesian Alla A. , Mkrtchyan Rusan A. , Simonyan Hasmik G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the biological diversity of the late Bronze and Iron Age populations in the Armenian Highland by nonmetric cranial traits, evaluate the genetic continuity in the development of the modern Armenian gene pool, and compare the results obtained with genetic data.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight nonmetric cranial traits were scored on 498 adult crania from different late Bronze and Iron Age cemeteries, as well as from modern Armenians and other European populations. We carried out a biodistance analysis between populations using the mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistics, tested the spatial–temporal model of population structure, and assessed the diversity within the late Bronze and early Iron Ages by using the values of variability index (Fst).ResultsThe biodistance analysis revealed a close relationship among different ancient Armenian populations and between the average frequencies of the three sequential periods (late Bronze Age, early Iron Age I and II) and modern Armenians. A gradual increase of variability (Fst) within the three successive periods was observed.DiscussionThe analysis of nonmetric trait data reflects deep roots and continuity in the formation of the Armenian population. Since at least the Late Bronze Age, owing to permanent isolation, no significant changes have occurred in the Armenian gene pool. An increase in variability over the successive periods reflects the process of population differentiation from a single gene pool while maintaining average trait frequencies. The congruence of the results obtained with the genetic data confirms, once more, the possibility of using nonmetric cranial traits as a proxy for genetic markers.
Fabrication and characterization of biorenewable plasma polymer films using sandalwood oil precursor
Authors: Hennekam Brent E. , Al‐Bataineh Sameer A. , Michelmore Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSandalwood oil is a natural, biorenewable oil which has many beneficial properties such as being anticarcinogenic and cytotoxic to some viruses, while being safe for human consumption. Therefore, thin films derived from sandalwood oil are of interest in the biomedical field. Here, thin films using sandalwood oil as the precursor are deposited via plasma polymerization with the aim of minimizing degradation of the precursor structure. The chemical properties of the plasma phase were measured by optical emission spectroscopy and the degradation pathways of the precursor molecules were elucidated via mass spectrometry. Combined with surface analysis of the thin films, partial structural retention of precursor molecules is demonstrated.
Solitary adult xanthogranuloma in external auditory canal: Cyto‐histopathological correlation of an uncommon entity at an uncommon site
Authors: Misra Sunayana , Gupta Kusum , Gupta Renu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranulomas (JXG) are the most common type of self‐limiting non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) usually presenting in infancy and early childhood. Clinically, they present as solitary to multiple rounded cutaneous nodules which resolve over time. Adult type xanthogranulomas (AXG), though histologically similar to JXG, are usually single and do not regress spontaneously. AXG arising in the external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare occurrence with very few cases reported in literature. We present a case of AXG in a 48‐year‐old man, arising from the right EAC. This case is unique as it is the only case to be described with both cytology and histology correlation. On cytology, smears showed scattered foamy histiocytes, inflammatory cells and thick stromal fragments. Cytology differential diagnoses of xanthomatous lesion, benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) and ceruminous adenoma were given; final diagnosis was deferred to histopathology which confirmed it to be an AXG. Thus, it is important to keep the diagnosis of AXG in mind while dealing with solitary polypoidal lesions in EAC showing prominent foam cell component. Lipidised BFH forms a close differential diagnosis, however can be excluded by subtle points on cytology and on histopathology.
Regional palaeoenvironmental influence on organic matter sequestration and characteristics of carbon isotope segment C5 in a hemipelagic sequence, Organyà Basin, northeast Spain
Authors: Socorro Jander , Maurrasse Florentin J‐M. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Cretaceous marine sedimentary record is punctuated by episodes of unusually high rates of organic carbon burial termed oceanic anoxic events. The El Pujal Section archives the response to perturbations of the global carbon cycle associated with Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a in a hemipelagic setting of the Organyà Basin. Here, the aim is to understand the lithological and geochemical responses to changing palaeoenviromental conditions associated with carbon isotope segment C5 of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a. A multi‐proxy approach is applied to characterize how regional factors influenced the accumulation of organic‐rich sediments during this period of severe oceanic oxygen deficiency. Source specific biomarkers demonstrate that the bulk organic matter derives from in‐situ production, with lesser inputs from allochthonous sources. High‐resolution stable carbon isotope data (δ13Corg) were used to establish the refined details of segment C5. Pulses of fluvial fluxes associated with climate fluctuations supplied variable quantities of terrestrial organic matter with more negative isotopic values, which left their intrinsic signature superimposed on the global δ13Corg signal of segment C5 as minor negative spikes. Primary production sustained by fluvial inputs of biolimiting elements provided abundant labile organic matter conducive to oxygen‐deprived conditions as attested by concomitant peaks in total organic carbon, relatively lower benthic faunal counts, lower bioturbation index, higher concentration of pyrite and enrichments in redox sensitive trace elements. However, organic matter preservation was not chiefly controlled by redox conditions as physical encapsulation by clay minerals probably played a significant role. In addition, coincident inputs of terrestrial organic matter with more inert properties and prone to be bound to clay minerals supplemented the accumulation of organic matter, especially during intervals of enhanced terrigenous fluxes. The combined results underscore how despite sharing common global forcing factors, regional palaeoenvironmental conditions are more important in determining the sedimentary expression of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a.
Men Against Violence: Engaging men and boys in prevention of family violence
Authors: Ringin Luke , Robinson Margie , Greville Heath , Papertalk Lennelle , Thompson Sandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssues addressedDiscussion of family violence is important but many men and boys struggle to engage with the topic. Primary prevention approaches focus on communicating with and educating the population, including men and boys, in the areas of healthy relationships, gender and violence. There can be both barriers to and also gains from these interventions. This paper describes a project implemented in Geraldton, Western Australia, and discusses what has been effective and ineffective during the project.MethodsThe ‘Men Against Violence’ project targeted men and boys through local sporting clubs in the City of Greater Geraldton, in the Midwest region of Western Australia, through the use of face to face education, community radio and television interviews and other appropriate engagement strategies. ‘Men Against Violence’ events were held to connect with local male community members and address the role men can have in family violence prevention.ResultsWe describe the three key engagement activities, working with the local Australian Rules football league, state‐league basketball team and a local high school Aboriginal football academy. These strategies provided avenues for contact with and the education of men and boys aged 12 years and older.ConclusionThrough successful partnerships with a number of local organisations, the ‘Men Against Violence’ project saw a high level of engagement with local men. The project also gained strong community support, with pockets of resistance encountered and managed.So whatThe ‘Men Against Violence’ project experienced highlights and barriers throughout the pilot project that can guide and inform future family violence prevention programs.
Bisphosphonates inhibit surface‐mediated osteogenesis
Authors: Lotz Ethan M. , Lohmann Christoph H. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBisphosphonates (BPs) target osteoclasts, slowing bone resorption thus providing rationale to support osseointegration. However, BPs may negatively affect osteoblasts, impairing peri‐implant bone formation. The goal of this study was to assess the effects BPs have on surface‐mediated osteogenesis of osteoblasts. MG63 cells were cultured on 15‐mm grade 2 titanium disks: smooth, hydrophobic‐microrough, or hydrophilic‐microrough (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). Tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) was used as a control. At confluence, cells were treated with 0, 10−8, 10−7, and 10−6 M of alendronate, zoledronate, or ibandronate for 24 hr. Sprague Dawley rats were also treated with 1 μg/kg/day ibandronate or phosphate‐buffered saline control for 5 weeks. Calvarial osteoblasts (rat osteoblasts [rOBs]) were isolated, characterized, and cultured on surfaces. Osteogenic markers in the media were quantified using ELISAs. BP treatment reduced osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, prostaglandin E2, transforming growth factor β1, interleukin 10, and vascular endothelial growth factor in MG63 cells. The effect was more robust on rough surfaces, and higher concentrations of BPs stunted production to TCPS/PT levels. Ibandronate conditioned rOBs produced less osteogenic markers similar to direct BP treatment. These results suggest that BP exposure jeopardizes the pro‐osteogenic response osteoblasts have to microstructured surfaces. Their effects persist in vivo and negatively condition osteoblast response in vitro. Clinically, BPs could compromise osseointegration.
Quantum chemical topology from tight augmented core densities
Authors: Pilmé Julien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on parametrized tight Gaussian functions, an efficient and robust methodology designed to restore the effective core potentials electron densities and the inner shells of the electron localization function is introduced and tested. Attention is focused on the underlying effects of augmented coreless electron densities on selected quantum topological descriptors computed for a test set of species containing heavy elements such as the emblematic uranyl cation. Also, this article shows how a proper topology of the electron density can be recovered from semi‐empirical Hückel calculations where core densities are missing.
Ultrasonographically‐guided stent placement at the vertebral artery origin without contrast medium: A case report
Authors: Kohta Masaaki , Fujita Atsushi , Yamashita Shunsuke , Imanishi Takamitsu , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough ultrasonographically‐guided carotid interventions without contrast medium have been reported in the literature, we found no report regarding stenting of the vertebral artery origin for treatment of stenosis. Here, we report the case of an iodine‐allergic patient in whom a stenosis at the origin of the vertebral artery was successfully treated with ultrasonographically‐guided stent placement without contrast medium. B‐mode longitudinal images were monitored during the insertion of the embolism‐protection device, when positioning the stent, and for the evaluation of the stent opening. This technique can be an alternative option in selected patients, especially those allergic to the contrast medium.
On adaptation cost and tractability in robust adaptive radiation therapy optimization
Authors: Böck Michelle 
Published: April 2020

PurposeIn this paper, a framework for online robust adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is discussed and evaluated. The purpose of the presented approach to ART is to: (a) handle interfractional geometric variations following a probability distribution different from the a priori hypothesis, (b) address adaptation cost, and (c) address computational tractability.MethodsA novel framework for online robust ART using the concept of Bayesian inference and scenario reduction is introduced and evaluated in a series of simulated cases on a one‐dimensional phantom geometry. The initial robust plan is generated from a robust optimization problem based on either expected‐value or worst‐case optimization approach using the a priori hypothesis of the probability distribution governing the interfractional geometric variations. Throughout the course of treatment, the simulated interfractional variations are evaluated in terms of their likelihood with respect to the a priori hypothesis of their distribution and violation of user‐specified tolerance limits by the accumulated dose. If an adaptation is considered, the a posteriori distribution is computed from the actual variations using Bayesian inference. Then, the adapted plan is optimized to better suit the actual interfractional variations of the individual case. This adapted plan is used until the next adaptation is triggered. To address adaptation cost, the proposed framework provides an option for increased adaptation frequency. Computational tractability in robust planning and ART is addressed by an approximation algorithm to reduce the size of the optimization problem.ResultsAccording to the simulations, the proposed framework may improve target coverage compared to the corresponding nonadaptive robust approach. In particular, Bayesian inference may be useful to individualize plans to the actual interfractional variations. Concerning adaptation cost, the results indicate that mathematical methods like Bayesian inference may have a greater impact on improving individual treatment quality than increased adaptation frequency. In addition, the simulations suggest that the concept of scenario reduction may be useful to address computational tractability in ART and robust planning in general.ConclusionsThe simulations indicate that the adapted plans may improve target coverage and OAR protection at manageable adaptation and computational cost within the novel framework. In particular, adaptive strategies using Bayesian inference appear to perform best among all strategies. This proof‐of‐concept study provides insights into the mathematical aspects of robustness, tractability, and ART, which are a useful guide for further development of frameworks for online robust ART.