bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water deficit tolerance in sugarcane is dependent on the accumulation of sugar in the leaf
Authors: Garcia Fernando H. S. , das Chagas Mendonça Ane M. , Rodrigues Marcelo , Matias Filipe I. , da Silva Filho Mário P. , Santos Hugo R. B. , Taffner Julian , Barbosa João P. R. A. D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSugarcane productivity is severely affected by the occurrence of water deficit in the field, causing inhibition of growth and sugar production. Evaluating physiological responses of sugarcane under water deficit conditions is essential to understand physiological variables responsible for reaching homeostasis. Therefore, we analysed physiological traits of two sugarcane genotypes, RB835486 (Tolerant) and RB855453 (Susceptible), under water deficit conditions: well‐watered (WW‐Control), water deficit (WD) and rewatered (RW). The physiological response was evaluated using linear regression and multivariate analysis. Some characteristics such as water potential in leaves, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll index, sucrose and starch contents did not show differences between the genotypes under water deficit conditions. However, the tolerant genotype showed increased reducing sugars content in the leaves, whereas the susceptible genotype had increased non‐photochemical quenching (qN). After rewatering, the susceptible sugarcane genotype showed higher electron transport rate (ETR) and efficiency of PSII (Y). Multivariate analysis revealed that non‐photochemical quenching and reducing sugars in the leaves were physiological variables responsible for reaching homestasis under water deficit conditions. Therefore, the reducing sugars concentration should be considered a physiological variable responsible for the adjustment made by the tolerant sugarcane genotype when submitted to water deficit.
mTOR drives cerebrovascular, synaptic, and cognitive dysfunction in normative aging
Authors: Van Skike Candice E. , Lin Ai‐Ling , Roberts Burbank Raquel , Halloran Jonathan J. , Hernandez Stephen F. , Cuvillier James , Soto Vanessa Y. , Hussong Stacy A. , Jahrling Jordan B. , Javors Martin A. , Hart Matthew J. , Fischer Kathleen E. , Austad Steven N. , Galvan Veronica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline are highly prevalent in aging, but the mechanisms underlying these impairments are unclear. Cerebral blood flow decreases with aging and is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously shown that the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) drives disease progression in mouse models of AD and in models of cognitive impairment associated with atherosclerosis, closely recapitulating vascular cognitive impairment. In the present studies, we sought to determine whether mTOR plays a role in cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline during normative aging in rats. Using behavioral tools and MRI‐based functional imaging, together with biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches, we demonstrate that chronic mTOR attenuation with rapamycin ameliorates deficits in learning and memory, prevents neurovascular uncoupling, and restores cerebral perfusion in aged rats. Additionally, morphometric and biochemical analyses of hippocampus and cortex revealed that mTOR drives age‐related declines in synaptic and vascular density during aging. These data indicate that in addition to mediating AD‐like cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in models of AD and atherosclerosis, mTOR drives cerebrovascular, neuronal, and cognitive deficits associated with normative aging. Thus, inhibitors of mTOR may have potential to treat age‐related cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. Since treatment of age‐related cerebrovascular dysfunction in older adults is expected to prevent further deterioration of cerebral perfusion, recently identified as a biomarker for the very early (preclinical) stages of AD, mTOR attenuation may potentially block the initiation and progression of AD.
Volumetric Prefrontal Cortex Alterations in Patients With Alcohol Dependence and the Involvement of Self‐Control
Authors: Rosenthal Annika , Beck Anne , Zois Evangelos , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Walter Henrik , Kiefer Falk , Lohoff Falk W. , Charlet Katrin 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAspects of self‐control such as sensation seeking and impaired impulse control have been implicated in alcohol dependence (ALC). Conversely, sensation seeking has been ascribed a possible protective role in stress‐related psychopathologies. We therefore examined gray matter (GM) morphology in individuals with ALC, focusing on differences in prefrontal regions that have been associated with self‐control. Additionally, we accounted for differences in lifetime alcohol intake regarding self‐control measures and cortical structures in ALC patients.MethodsWith voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) focusing on prefrontal a priori defined regions of interest, we assessed a group of 62 detoxified ALC patients and 62 healthy controls (HC). ALC patients were subsequently divided into high (n = 9) and low consumers (n = 53). Self‐control was assessed by use of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Sensation Seeking Scale.ResultsCompared to HC, ALC had significantly less GM volume in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the right anterior cingulate. High‐consuming ALC showed smaller GM in right orbitofrontal cortex as well as lower sensation seeking scores than low consumers. In low‐consuming ALC, right MFG‐GM was positively associated with magnitude of sensation seeking; particularly, larger MFG‐GM correlated with greater thrill and adventure seeking.ConclusionThus, our findings (i) indicate deficient GM volume in prefrontal areas related to self‐control and (ii) might accentuate the phenotypic divergence of ALC patients and emphasize the importance of the development of individual treatment options.
High‐ versus low‐intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders: results of a three‐armed randomized controlled superiority trial
Authors: Sundström Christopher , Eék Niels , Kraepelien Martin , Fahlke Claudia , Gajecki Mikael , Jakobson Miriam , Beckman Maria , Kaldo Viktor , Berman Anne H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo test the efficacy of a therapist‐guided high‐intensity internet intervention compared with an unguided low‐intensity internet intervention among individuals with alcohol use disorder.DesignA three‐group randomized controlled trial with follow‐up assessments post‐treatment (12 weeks) and 6 months post‐randomization (primary end‐point).SettingsGeneral population sample in Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 166 on‐line self‐referred adults (49% males) with a score of 14 (females)/16 (males) or more on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a preceding week alcohol consumption of 11 (females)/14 (males) or more standard drinks and an alcohol use disorder according to a diagnostic interview.Interventions and comparatorsBoth the high‐ (n = 72) and low‐intensity internet interventions (n = 71) consisted of modules based on relapse prevention. Controls were on a waiting‐list (n = 23), and were only followed until the post‐treatment follow‐up. Participants were randomized at a 7 : 7 : 2 ratio.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was self‐reported alcohol consumption in the preceding week measured as (1) number of standard drinks and (2) number of heavy drinking days at the 6‐month follow‐up.FindingsAlcohol use disorders were largely in the severe category (74.7%), with the majority of participants having had alcohol problems for more than 5 years. Attrition was 13 and 22% at the post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up, respectively. At the 6‐month follow‐up, an intent‐to‐treat analysis showed no significant differences in alcohol consumption between the high‐ and low‐intensity interventions [standard drinks d = −0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.50 to 0.16; heavy drinking days: d = −0.07, 95% CI = −0.40 to 0.26]. Prevalence of negative effects was somewhat low (8–14%) in both intervention groups, as was deterioration (3–5%).ConclusionsAt 6‐month follow‐up, there were no significant differences between a therapist‐guided high‐intensity internet intervention and an unguided low‐intensity internet intervention in reducing alcohol consumption among individuals with an alcohol use disorder.
Differences in nicotine intake and effects from electronic and combustible cigarettes among dual users
Authors: St.Helen Gideon , Nardone Natalie , Addo Newton , Dempsey Delia , Havel Christopher , Jacob Peyton , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo describe systemic nicotine exposure and subjective effects of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) in people who use both e‐cigarettes and cigarettes (dual users), including within‐subject comparisons of e‐cigarette and cigarette use.DesignTwo‐arm, counterbalanced cross‐over study. Participants used their usual brand of e‐cigarette or cigarette during a standardized session in a 2‐week study.SettingHospital research ward, San Francisco, CA, USA.ParticipantsThirty‐six healthy (eight women, 28 men) participants.MeasurementsPlasma nicotine was analyzed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; nicotine withdrawal, urge to smoke and vape, affective states, craving, satisfaction and psychological reward were measured by standardized questionnaires.FindingsCompared with cigarettes, average maximum plasma nicotine concentration (Cmax) was lower with e‐cigarettes [6.1 ± 5.5 ng/ml, mean ± standard deviation (SD) versus 20.2 ± 11.1 ng/ml, P < 0.001] and time of maximal concentration (Tmax) was longer (6.5 ± 5.4 versus 2.7 ± 2.4 minutes, P < 0.001). Use of both products resulted in a reduction in the severity of withdrawal symptoms, negative affect and urge to use either product. E‐cigarettes were less rewarding and satisfying and reduced craving to a lesser degree than cigarettes. We were not able to detect any differences in withdrawal symptoms, affective states and urge to smoke cigarettes between e‐cigarette and cigarette use.ConclusionSystemic nicotine exposure was, on average, lower with single use of e‐cigarettes compared with cigarettes, and e‐cigarettes were judged to be less satisfying and rewarding and reduced craving less than cigarettes.
Genome‐wide association analysis for lethal brachycephalic‐like facial dysmorphia in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Vasiliadis D. , Dierks C. , Hoffmann H. , Hellige M. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Metzger J. , Distl O. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA GWAS was performed for inborn X‐linked facial dysmorphia with severe growth retardation in Labrador Retrievers. This lethal condition was mapped on the X chromosome at 17–21 Mb and supported by eight SNPs in complete LD. Dams of affected male puppies were heterozygous for the significantly associated SNPs and male affected puppies carried the associated alleles hemizygously. In the near vicinity to the associated region, RPS6KA3 was identified as a candidate gene causing facial dysmorphia in humans and mice known as Coffin–Lowry syndrome. Haplotype analysis showed significant association with the phenotypes of all 18 animals under study. This haplotype was validated through normal male progeny from a dam with the not‐associated haplotype on both X chromosomes but male affected full‐sibs with the associated haplotype.
What are older people and their families looking for in an aged care services provider?
Authors: Parkinson Lynne , Banbury Annie , Hillman Wendy , Lee Julie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveChoosing an aged care services provider is a complex decision. This study explored the factors older people and their families consider during this decision‐making process.MethodsFour focus groups (two in rural, two in urban Queensland) included older people using and not using aged care services and family members seeking residential aged care services.ResultsFour themes emerged from the analysis of participants' perspectives, with human needs (such as autonomy, caring, respect, certainty) and organisational values (such as person‐centredness) viewed as most important. Costs, value for money and regulatory considerations were sometimes perceived to be more important than locality. The perceived significance of facilities, services and amenity needs differed according to age and time of life, although a clear pathway to residential aged care facilities from living in the community was desired. Finding information, planning and choosing providers was seen to be hindered by lack of accessible, quality information.ConclusionsMeeting human needs (such as autonomy, caring, respect, certainty) through organisational values (such as person‐centredness) is the most desirable factor according to the perceptions of older people and their families when choosing an aged care services provider.
Recovery of cefazolin and clindamycin in in vitro pediatric CPB systems
Authors: Zeilmaker‐Roest Gerdien A. , van Saet Annewil , van Hoeven Marloes P. J. , Koch Birgit C. P. , van Rosmalen Joost , Kinzig Martina , Söergel Fritz , Wildschut Enno D. , Stolker Robert J. , Tibboel Dick , Bogers Ad J. J. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often necessary for congenital cardiac surgery, but CPB can alter drug pharmacokinetic parameters resulting in underdosing. Inadequate plasma levels of antibiotics could lead to postoperative infections with increased morbidity. The influence of pediatric CPB systems on cefazolin and clindamycin plasma levels is not known. We have measured plasma levels of cefazolin and clindamycin in in vitro pediatric CPB systems. We have tested three types of CPB systems. All systems were primed and spiked with clindamycin and cefazolin. Samples were taken at different time points to measure the recovery of cefazolin and clindamycin. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to assess if drug recovery was different between the type of CPB system and sampling time point. The experiments were conducted at a tertiary university hospital. 81 samples were analyzed. There was a significant difference in the recovery over time between CPB systems for cefazolin and clindamycin (P < .001). Cefazolin recovery after 180 minutes was 106% (95% CI: 91‐123) for neonatal, 99% (95% CI: 85‐115) for infant, and 77% (95% CI: 67‐89) for pediatric systems. Clindamycin recovery after 180 minutes was 143% (95% CI: 116‐177) for neonatal, 111% (95% CI: 89‐137) for infant, and 120% (95% CI: 97‐149) for pediatric systems. Clindamycin recovery after 180 minutes compared to the theoretical concentration was 0.4% for neonatal, 1.2% for infants, and 0.6% for pediatric systems. The recovery of cefazolin was high in the neonatal and infant CPB systems and moderate in the pediatric system. We found a large discrepancy between the theoretical and measured concentrations of clindamycin in all tested CPB systems.
Surgical experience of using the endoscope manipulator robot EMARO in totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Maruyama Seiji , Takahashi Ikuo , Matsukuma Akito , Kohnoe Shunji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRobot‐assisted surgery has advanced rapidly since the 1980s. However, new equipment is still needed to overcome problems in conventional endoscopic surgery, including unique risks, such as camera shake and communication difficulties between the operator and the scopist. EMARO, an endoscope manipulator robot, is the world's first pneumatically driven endoscope‐holder robot that can operate flexibly and smoothly with the use of air pressure. We herein report the surgical experience of using EMARO in totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. A 77‐year‐old Japanese man presented with bulging in the right groin area. After we diagnosed a right inguinal hernia, endoscopic inguinal hernia repair was performed. We selected the totally extraperitoneal approach with EMARO. The endoscopic procedure time was 100 minutes, and no intraoperative complications occurred. EMARO brings together features of smooth motion and good manipulation performance. This operation was performed safely and was comparable to a conventional operation completed with human assistants. Solo surgery with EMARO was beneficial in this inguinal hernia patient.
Effects of immunocastration performed at two live weights on the growth physiology, temperament and testicular development of feral beef bulls
Authors: Noya Agustí , Ripoll Guillermo , Casasús Isabel , Sanz Albina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of administering an anti‐gonadotropin‐releasing hormone vaccine (Improvac®, developed for pigs) on the performance, temperament, testicular development, and hormone and metabolite profiles of feral bulls (Bos taurus) vaccinated at two different live weights (LW). In all, 16 Serrana de Teruel animals were involved in this 2 x 2 factorial design using the factors LW (LIGHT vs. HEAVY) and vaccine treatment (control, C vs. vaccinated, VA). All animals received the same diet (ad libitum concentrate plus straw) over a 164‐day fattening period. Temperament was assessed using chute and flight speed tests. Testicular diameter and subcutaneous fat thickness were recorded. Testosterone, IGF‐1, urea, NEFA, and creatinine profiles were analyzed. Bull weight gain was reduced in VA compared to C animals, regardless of the initial LW. The vaccine did not affect the temperament tests, subcutaneous fat thickness or NEFA and creatinine concentrations and had minor effects on linear body measures. The vaccine inhibited testicular growth, reduced plasma testosterone to residual levels, and increased urea concentrations. LIGHT‐C animals exhibited increased mean plasma IGF‐1 concentrations compared to LIGHT‐VA animals. In conclusion, vaccination reduced bull growth and sexual development irrespective of LW at immunization.
Maternal use of drugs and preeclampsia
Authors: Sahlman Heidi , Koponen Marjaana , El‐Nezami Hani , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Keski‐Nisula Leea 
Published: November 2019

AimsThe aim was to compare and describe maternal use of drugs between women with preeclampsia and controls and to estimate the possible association with preeclampsia.MethodsThe study cohort was collected from the Kuopio University Hospital Birth Register, which includes information about all women who gave birth in Kuopio University Hospital during the years 2002–2016, including information from approximately 36 000 parturients, of whom 1252 had preeclampsia. Maternal use of 16 groups of drugs during pregnancy was analysed from all women with preeclampsia and 1256 controls.ResultsEvery second woman had used at least 1 drug during pregnancy but those with preeclampsia had used significantly more than the controls (cases 59.5% vs controls 35.5%; p < 0.001). In both study groups, the most commonly used drugs were antibiotics (cases 19.5%, controls 17.0%), antihypertensives (cases 29.0%, controls 7.6%) and paracetamol (cases 13.1%, controls 5.9%). Women with preeclampsia had used significantly more benzodiazepines, paracetamol, antihypertensives and acid‐suppressive drugs than the women in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWomen with preeclampsia were more likely to use medicines during pregnancy. While the association between benzodiazepines, antihypertensives and acid‐suppressive drugs and preeclampsia may be explained by reverse causation, the association of paracetamol with preeclampsia remains to be clarified. Because paracetamol is a frequently used drug, more information about its safety during pregnancy including its role in preeclampsia is urgently needed.
Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity
Authors: Savall Anne Suély Pinto , Fidélis Eduarda Monteiro , Gutierrez Maria Eduarda Ziani , Martins Bianca Barreto , Gervini Vanessa Carratú , Puntel Robson Luiz , Roos Daniel Henrique , Ávila Daiana Silva , Pinton Simone 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common outcome caused by organophosphorus (OPs) intoxication. Although inconsistent, the standard treatment consists of a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and AChE‐reactivating molecules such as oximes. This study proposes to test unpublished compounds which contain the moieties of isatin and/or oxime have protective effects against the toxicity induced by malathion in two animal models: Artemia salina and Rattus norvegicus (Wistar rats). The lethality was assessed in A salina, and the calculated LD50 to (3Z)‐5‐chloro‐3‐(hydroxyimino) indolin‐2‐one oxime (Cℓ‐HIN) and 2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐hydrazinecarbothioamide (Cℓ‐OXHS) was higher than 1000 µM while to 3‐(phenylhydrazono) butan‐2‐one oxime (PHBO) was 38 µM. Our screening showed that Cℓ‐HIN seems to be the most promising molecule, with low toxicity to A salina, protection against mortality (with or without atropine) and AChE inhibition induced by malathion. Similarly, the oral administration of 300 mg/kg of Cℓ‐HIN induced low or no toxicity in rats. The plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and cortical AChE activities were reactivated by Cℓ‐HIN (50 mg/kg, p.o.) in rats exposed to malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p). No difference was observed in paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) activity among groups treated. In conclusion, Cℓ‐HIN restored the cholinesterase activities inhibited by malathion in A salina and rats with low toxicity in both. Thus, the data provide evidence that Cℓ‐HIN, a compound that combines isatin and oxime functional groups, is safe and has important properties to reactivate the cholinesterases inhibited by malathion. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of a preliminary assessment in an alternative model in order to reduce the use of mammalians in drug discovery.
Treatment of acute leukaemia in adult Jehovah's Witnesses
Authors: El Chaer Firas , Ballen Karen K. 
Published: November 2019

SummarySince Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients diagnosed with leukaemia refuse blood transfusions, they are often denied intensive chemotherapy for fear they could not survive myeloablation without blood transfusion support. Treatment of JW patients with acute leukaemia is challenging and carries a higher morbidity and mortality; however, the refusal of blood products should not be an absolute contraindication to offer multiple treatment modalities including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this review we discuss their optimal management and describe alternative modalities to blood transfusions to provide sufficient oxygenation and prevent bleeding.
The Ecology of Activism: Professional Mobilization as a Spatial Process
Authors: Liu Sida , Halliday Terence C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article develops an ecological theory that shifts the paradigm of professional mobilization from causes to relational spaces. It analyzes different species of activist professionals by locating them in an ecology of activism and examining how collective action emerges from their boundary work with the ecology's increasing density and consolidation. It empirically grounds the theory by explaining the political activism of Chinese lawyers in the early twenty‐first century and how it led to a government crackdown in 2015. Using interviews, online ethnography, and archival data collected from 2005 to 2017, the research demonstrates that Chinese lawyers’ political mobilization has experienced three stages: (1) vacancy and isolation (2000–2007), (2) spatial consolidation (2008–2011), and (3) boundary work (2011–2015). The study has implications for theories of social space and for understanding professional mobilization in authoritarian contexts and beyond.