bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Endoscopic Findings in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattarai Subash 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common acute medical emergency. Endoscopyis the gold standard diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of upper gastrointestinalbleed. This study was undertaken to address the clinical profile, endoscopic profile, and outcomes inpatients with upper gastrointestinal bleed.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital inGandaki Province, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2019 after obtaining ethical clearancefrom Institutional Review Committee (MEMG/IRC/291/GA) and informed consent fromthe patient or patient relatives. The sample size was calculated. Six hundred and sixty patientswith upper gastrointestinal bleed were included in the study. Data entry was done in StatisticalPackages for the Social Sciences version 20.
Results: Peptic ulcers and ruptured oesophageal varices are the common aetiologies of uppergastrointestinal bleed. Inpatient mortality was seen in 98 (14.8 %) patients. Upper gastrointestinalbleed of variceal etiology presents with a higher Rockall score and has more chances of rebleedingand has higher mortality than those with non-variceal aetiologies. Bad prognostic factors wererebleeding, variceal etiology, and comorbidities including cirrhotic and Rockall score > 6.
Conclusions: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common acute medical emergency. Early uppergastrointestinal endoscopy preferably within 24 hours is recommended for diagnosis, timelyintervention, and management of the patients with an upper gastrointestinal bleed that helps inreducing morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of Congenital Malformations among Babies Delivered at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Shrestha Anup 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Congenital malformations have emerged as a major cause of stillbirths and neonatalmortality. It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality not only in the newborn but also in childhoodand beyond. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of congenital malformation at birth.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 2456 live births in KathmanduMedical College and Teaching Hospital from April 2017 to March 2018 after obtaining ethicalapproval from the institutional review committee (Ref no. 08052017). A convenient sampling methodwas applied. All the live-born babies delivered in this hospital during the study period were clinicallyexamined for the presence of congenital anomalies. All malformations were classified accordingto the International Classification of Diseases-10 classification. The mothers of the newborns withcongenital malformations were interviewed in a predesigned proforma. Statistical analysis was doneusing statistical package for the social sciences version 20.
Results: Out of 2456 examined live births, congenital malformations were observed in 66 cases.The prevalence of congenital malformation was 66 (2.6%) at 95% confidence interval (4.19-1.98) oftotal live births. The genitourinary system was the most common system involved with congenitalmalformations being 16 (24.2%), followed by musculoskeletal system 14 (21.2%), and cardiovascularsystem 12 (18.2%).
Conclusions: Congenital malformation plays a major role in the mortality and morbidity of neonatesas well as children. The genitourinary system was the most common system involved.
Anterior Tooth Width Measurements among Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Prabhat , Paudel Sabina , Neupane Madhu , Lamba Suman 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The knowledge of anterior tooth width and their relationships with each other isessential for any esthetic and prosthodontic rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to measurethe width of the anterior teeth of patients coming to a teritary hospital of Nepal.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 30thSeptember 2019 to 30th October 2019 after receiving ethical clearance from the institutional reviewcommittee (reference number: 2076/77/20). Convenient sampling was done. Point estimate at 99%Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Dataanalysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
Results: Out of the 40 participants, the mean width of right and left side of anterior teeth of themaxillary central incisors were 8.62±0.62 mm and 8.65±0.55 mm; maxillary lateral incisors were6.97±0.74 mm and 7.11±0.78 mm; maxillary canine were 7.81±0.69 mm and 8.15±0.72 mm; mandibularcentral incisors were 5.37±0.4 mm and 5.43±0.37 mm; mandibular lateral incisors were 5.88±.52mm and 6.06±0.53 mm; mandibular canine were 6.69±0.55 mm and 6.93±0.7 mm respectively. Thedifference between the teeth was compared with the central incisors of each side.
Conclusions: Our findings of the average values of the anterior teeth and their difference from thecentral incisors on each side showed an agreement with the optimal relationships of anterior teeth,with the exception of the maxillary lateral incisors, which were 0.5mm larger than the values of theoptimal relationship.
Knowledge of Health Care Professionals and Medical Students Regarding Covid-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Harish Chandra , Shrestha Niki , Adhikari Shital , Angadi Siddeshwar , Shrestha Bishow Kumar , Gauli Basanta 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The lack of knowledge among health care professionals leads to diagnostic delays,further spread of disease, and poor infection control practices. Health care professionals must beupdated knowledge regarding COVID-19. This study aims to assess the knowledge of health careprofessionals regarding COVID -19 in a medical college in Chitwan.
Methods: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study was carried out in a tertiary care hospitalin Chitwan, Nepal from April 22, 2020, to April 28, 2020. The institutional review committee ofChitwan Medical College provided ethical approval for the research. Data were collected with anonline questionnaire using Google forms. The questionnaire was sent out to 724 potential responderswho included health care professionals from medical, dental, nursing, and allied health sciences inChitwan Medical College. A convenient sampling method was used for data collection. Data wereanalyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences.
Results: A total of 181 respondents completed the web survey. Overall, a total of 35 (19.3%)respondents were found to have “Good” knowledge; 105 (58%) respondents had “Fair” knowledgeand 41 (22.7%) respondents had “Poor” knowledge regarding various aspects of COVID-19. Therewas no significant difference among the various health professional groups in their knowledgescores under the four knowledge domains.
Conclusions: The study of knowledge of health care professionals could act as a reference for theprevention and better management of COVID-19. This study shows that there is a need to implementperiodic educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19across all healthcare professions.
Prevalence of Psychological Effect of COVID-19 on Medical Professionals in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shrestha Surendra Lal 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease first detected in Wuhan, China on last December 2019. Many doctors and nurses, were infected and lost their life by COVID-19 around the world. Therefore COVID-19 brought unbearable psychological pressure on doctors, and nurses. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of anxiety among medical doctors and nurses.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 101 doctors and nurses carried out in a tertiary care center. Convenience sampling was done with the study period from April to May 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board of NAMS (IRB reference no. 1076). The collected data stored and analyzed with statistical software (SPSS version 26.0). Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 101 participants prevalence of anxiety was found to be 74 (73.3%) (64.68-81.33 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 9 (8.9%) of participants experienced sever types of generalized anxiety disorder, 23 (22.8%) moderate, and 42 (41.6%) mild type. Similarly, 18 (17.8%) and 10 (9.9%) of participants felt very difficult and extreme difficulty at the workplace and home respectively.
Conclusions: The mental health of medical doctors and nurses is significantly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital administration should conduct psychological preparedness training to the medical profession before posting on duty to provide quality health services to the patients.
Information about COVID-19 among Selected Population of Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chapagain Kumud , Rauniyar Gajendra Prasad , Pokharel Rais , Bhattarai Abhisekh 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Rapid spread of COVID-19 has become a major concern worldwide. Strong adherence to preventive measures can help to break the chain of the spread of coronavirus. We conducted this study to find out the extent of information general people of Eastern Nepal have regarding COVID-19 and their attitude and practice towards preventing its spread.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online study was done among the people of Eastern Nepal on knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19 from May 1st to May 15th after obtaining ethical clearance from the ethical review board (ERB) (ref no. 319/2020 P). A 20 item survey instrument was adapted using WHO course materials on an emerging COVID-19. A convenience sample method was used. Data were collected and entered in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 11.5. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 1069 respondents, the correct answer on the COVID-19 related knowledge questionnaire was 958 (89.61%), 487 (93.11%) were health professionals, and 471 (86.26%) non-health professionals. Preventive measures were strictly followed by 1044 (97.66%) participants. A wrong perception about the disease was present in 390 (36.48%). Health ministry website 356 (33.30%) followed by news media 309 (29%) was the major source of information among the people.
Conclusions: Knowledge regarding COVID-19 among people the selected population of eastern is satisfactory which was similar to other studies done. However, people still have misperceptions regarding the disease and do not strictly follow the preventive measures.
Computer Vision Syndrome among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Priyanka , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Malla Om Krishna 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Computers and digital electronic devices have become an integral part of life. These devices have adverse effects and nowadays are considered leading occupational hazards. Computer vision syndrome comprises of all the ocular, visual and musculoskeletal symptoms secondary to long term computer use. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among people attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology in the tertiary care center in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 70 patients in a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to June 2017 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee (Ref: 12042017). Convenient sampling method was applied and the point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Patients using computers for more than one hour were included in the study. All data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 20.
Results: Among 70 patients, 67 (95.7%) (87.9-99.1 at 95% confidence interval) had one or more symptoms on computer use. The mean duration of computer use was 7.5±5.4 years and average hours of computer use among computer users were 6.9±3 hours. The most common symptom among computer users was headache seen in 46 (62.2%) patients.
Conclusions: Our study showed that a significant number of people using a computer develop one or more symptoms on the long-term use of the computer. Therefore, it is very important to create awareness regarding computer vision syndrome and methods to prevent it among computer users.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in the Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pradhan Leeza , Shakya Pramila , Thapa Swosti , Nakarmi Kiran Kishor , Maharjan Anjana , Agrawal Sagtani Reshu , Rai Shankar Man 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dental anomaly is one of the major problems in a child born with cleft lip and palate. These anomalies have deleterious effects on the dentition leading to aesthetic problems, impairment of mastication andimproper phonation. The aim of our study was to find out the prevalence of dental anomalies in patient with cleft lip and/or palate radiographically.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from the 208 radiographs, collected by the convenience samplingtechnique with cleft lip and/or palate in Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nepal Cleft and Burn Centre, Kirtipur Hospital from January 2017 to July 2019.Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Demographic data were collected and radiographs were evaluated for possible dental anomalies. Data obtained were entered and analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.
Results: Dental anomalies were highly prevalent among cleft lip and palate patients with at least one anomaly present in 188 (90.4%) of patients with male 120 (57.4%) presenting more anomalies than female 88 (42.6%) population. The most common anomaly was dental agenesis 161 (77.9%). The prevalence of positional anomaly, morphological anomaly and supernumerary teeth were found to be 54 (26%), 33 (15.9%) and 20 (10%) respectively. Lateral incisor showed the highest incidence of agenesis among all other missing teeth 223 (65.2%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of dental anomalies among patients with cleft lip and/or palate was found to be high. Tooth agenesis was the most common anomaly observed in the study with lateral incisor having the highest incidence of agenesis.
Distress Screening among Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paudel Bishal , Paudel Bishnu Dutta , Mishra Rupesh , Karki Onika , Shahi Rukmini , Poudyal Bishesh Sharma 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Distress is a major concern during diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. The Distress Thermometer is a commonly used screening tool to detect distress. The objectives of this study was to know the prevalence and identify distress score among patients with hematological malignancies in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Hematology Unit of Civil Service Hospital after obtaining an ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number 931/076/077). A convenient sampling technique was used for this study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 was used. All patients within one week of diagnosis and before the start of definitive treatment of hematological malignancies were included in the study. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Psychosocial Distress Screening Tool was used to measure the seriousness of distress.
Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study, among them 56 (56%) were male and 44 (44%) were female. The mean distress score in our study was found to be 5.68±1.75. Mean distress score among male and female patients were 5.84±1.65 and 5.48±1.86 respectively. Thirty three percentage (n=33) of patient had mild distress whereas, sixty six percentage (n=67) of patients experienced moderate to severe distress.
Conclusions: There was a significant level of distress among the patients with hematological malignancies in Nepal. Therefore, distress screening should be done to all the patients when initial diagnosis is made.
Prevalence of Psychoactive Drug Use among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jyoti Tara Manandhar , Tiwari Saurabh , Kushwaha Dilip Kumar , Bhattarai Pratigya , Raj Risu 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Psychoactive drug is a worrisome and emerging global problem. This is a disturbing matter, especially in the case of medical students, as it affects not only their health and academic performance alone but their clinical efficiency as well. This study aims to determine the prevalence of psychoactive drug use among medical students in a medical college in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after receiving ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 258/19) among undergraduate medical students from December 2019 to June 2020. Convenience sampling was used to collect data. Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of psychoactive drug abuse was found to be 76 (44.2%) [CI= 43.6%–44.8%]. The study showed males 59 (59%) were more indulged in abuse than females 17 (23.6%). Alcohol 72 (41.86%) was the most commonly used, then was tobacco 24 (13.95%) followed by cannabis 17(9.88%). Only two students were sedative and opioid abusers. Pleasure 38 (31.70%) and experimentation 29 (24.20%) were the two major causes of substance abuse. Tobacco was used more frequently 14 (58.33%) used daily and found to have more financialand health-related issues in the last three months.
Conclusions: Even almost half of the students were using some form of psychoactive drugs, the majority of them were occasional users. Proper counseling needs to be done to address this problem. Further study should be conducted to address the influencing factors and adverse outcomes.
Study of Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gas in ICU Patients: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rauniyar Nabin , Pujari Shyam , Shrestha Pradeep 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Pulse oximetery is expected to be an indirect estimation of arterial oxygen saturation. However, there often are gaps between SpO2 and SaO2. This study aims to study on arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas among patients admitted in intensive care unit.
Methods: It was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in which 101 patients meeting inclusion criteria were studied. SpO2 and SaO2 were measured simultaneously. Mean±SD of SpO2 and SaO2 with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were measured.
Results: According to SpO2 values, out of 101 patients, 26 (25.7%) were hypoxemic and 75 (74.25%) were non–hypoxemic. The mean±SD of SaO2 and SpO2 were 93.22±7.84% and 92.85±6.33% respectively. In 21 patients with SpO2<90%, the mean±SD SaO2 and SpO2 were 91.63±4.92 and 87.42±2.29 respectively. In 5 patients with SpO2 < 80%, the mean ± SD of SaO2 and SpO2 were: 63.40±3.43 and 71.80±4.28, respectively. In non–hypoxemic group based on SpO2 values, the mean±SD of SpO2 and SaO2 were 95.773±2.19% and 95.654±3.01%, respectively. The agreement rate of SpO2 and SaO2 was 83.2%, and sensitivity and specificity of PO were 84.6% and 83%, respectively.
Conclusions: Pulse Oximetry has high accuracy in estimating oxygen saturation with sp02>90% and can be used instead of arterial blood gas.
Hubungan Relational Capital dengan Kinerja Perusahaan: Entrepreneurial Orientation sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Nasir Nasir 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to conceptualizing the relationship between Relational Capital to corporate performance through Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) as an intervening variable. This study is conceptual paper (Non Empirical) who tried to examine the conceptual relationship antaraRC and performance of the company, where the concept of EO as an intervening variable. The reconstruction of concepts offered from this study can be continued in empirical research so that it is expected to be able to contribute in adding various views about EO which are part of management strategies.Â Â
Florakirk Bermudagrass
Authors: Mislevy Paul , Brown William F. , Dunavin L. S. , Judd W. S. , Kalmbacher Robert S. , Kucharek Thomas A. , Noling Joseph W. , Ruelke O. C. , Sonoda R. M. , Stanely, Jr. R. L. 
Published: November 2020

This document is SS-AGR-183, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published (as Circular S395) August 1995. Revised October 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa221
Outline for Managing Irrigation of Florida Citrus with High Salinity Water
Authors: Boman Brian J. , Stover Eddie W. 
Published: November 2020

This is Document No. ABE 332, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae217
Warm Climate Production Guidelines for Bougainvillea
Authors: Schoellhorn Richard , Alvarez Erin 
Published: November 2020

This document is ENH 874, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date October 1, 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep130
Parenting During the Elementary School Years, Part 1: Preventing Misbehavior
Authors: Ferrer Millie , Fugate Anne M. , Rivera Ingrid 
Published: November 2020

This document is FCS2202, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 10, 2002 Updated July 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy541
Insect Management for Sweet Corn
Authors: Nuessly Gregg S. , Webb Susan E. 
Published: November 2020

This document is ENY-472 (which replaces ENY-449), one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November 2001. Revised: July 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ig158
Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Capinera John L. 
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-098, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 1999. Revised: July 2000.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in255
Crab Louse, Pthirus pubis (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Phthiraptera (Anoplura): Pediculidae)
Authors: Weems, Jr. H. V. , Fasulo Thomas R. 
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-103, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1999. Reviewed May 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in260