bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from two decades of the Student Conference on Conservation Science
Authors: Geldmann Jonas , Alves-Pinto Helena , Amano Tatsuya , Bartlett Harriet , Christie Alec P. , Collas Lydia , Cooke Sophia C. , Correa Roberto , Cripps Imogen , Doherty Anya , Finch Tom , Garnett Emma E. , Hua Fangyuan , Gordon Jones Julia Patricia , Kasoar Tim , MacFarlane Douglas , Martin Philip A , Mukherjee Nibu , Mumby Hannah S. , Payne Charlotte , Petrovan Silviu O. , Rocha Ricardo , Russell Kirsten , Simmons Benno I. , Wauchope Hannah , Worthington Thomas A. , Trevelyan Rosie , Green Rhys , Balmford Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConservation science is a crisis-oriented discipline focused on delivering robust answers to reducing human impacts on nature. To explore how the field might have changed during the past two decades, we analyzed 3,245 applications for oral presentations submitted to the Student Conference on Conservation Science (SCCS) in Cambridge, UK. SCCS has been running every year since 2000, aims for global representation by providing bursaries to early-career conservationists from lower-income countries, and has never had a thematic focus, beyond conservation in the broadest sense. We found that the majority of submissions to SCCS were based on primary biological data collection from local scale field studies in the tropics, contrary to established literature which highlights gaps in tropical research. Our results showed a small increase over time in submissions framed around how nature benefits people as well as a small increase in submissions integrating social science. Our findings also suggest that students and early-career conservationists could provide pathways to increased availability of data from the tropics and for addressing well-known biases in the published literature towards wealthier countries. We hope this research will motivate efforts to support student projects, ensuring data and results are published and made publicly available.
Light stimulation into dorsal raphe nucleus contributes to antidepressant effect for a stressed rat model
Authors: Li Xiaotao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLight therapy is frequently demonstrated by clinical trials to be effective to seasonal or non-seasonal major depression. However, the pathway underlying the light effect on mood remains unclear. Since a retino-raphe pathway was previously indicated to modulate 5-HT production, we hypothesize that the retinal projection into dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) may play an important role in the light therapy for depression.MethodsA rat model of 14-day corticosterone administration (40 mg/kg/day subcutaneous injection) was mainly used to test the effect of light therapy on non-seasonal depressant-like behavior, and the involved neural circuitry and neurochemistry as well.ResultsBehavior results revealed that the bright light therapy especially with the blue light of 470 nm and 400 lux, effectively reversed the depression-like responses in those stressed rats. After elimination of retino-raphe projection using immunotoxin (Saporin) the effect of light therapy was significantly attenuated. Whereas activation of retino-raphe projection using HM3q chemogenetics was shown an effect similar to fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, 5-HT3A positive GABA cells in the DRN were activated with high c-Fos expression that involved in an inhibition of 5-HT synthesis and a subsequent depressive behavior. While light therapy through retino-raphe projection deactivated the hyperaction of those GABA cells in the DRN; that eventually contributed to the antidepressant effect from light therapy.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the retino-raphe circuitry engaged antidepressant effect in DRN that contributed to the light therapy to the non-seasonal depression. 5-HT3A positive GABA cells in DRN was indicated to mediate this function of retino-raphe projection.
A novel MRI-based finite element modeling method for calculation of myocardial ischemia effect in patients with functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Vicky Y , Morgan Ashley E , Kim Jiwon , Ge Liang , Guccione Julius M , Weinsaft Jonathan W , Ratcliffe Mark B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFunctional Mitral Regurgitation (FMR) affects nearly 3 million patients in the United States. Conventional indices are limited for predicting FMR response to coronary revascularization (REVASC). Uncertainty as to which patients will respond to REVASC alone impedes rational decision-making regarding FMR management. Determination of myocardial material parameters associated with ischemic myocardium will address knowledge gaps regarding the impact of ischemia on regional cardiac muscle.MethodWe proposed a novel MRI-based finite element (FE) modeling method to determine the effect of ischemia on myocardial contractility. The method was applied to two patients with multi-vessel coronary disease and FMR and one healthy volunteer. Cardiac MRI (CMR) included cine-MRI, gadolinium-enhanced stress perfusion, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and non-invasive tagged MRI (CSPAMM). The left ventricular (LV) FE model was divided into 17 sectors. Sector-specific circumferential and longitudinal end-systolic strain and LV volume from CSPAMM were used in a formal optimization to determine the sector based myocardial contractility, Tmax.ResultsThe FE optimization successfully converged with good agreement between calculated and experimental end-systolic strain and LV volumes. Specifically, the optimized TmaxH for Patient 1, Patient 2, and the volunteer was 336.8 kPa, 401.4 kPa, and 259.4 kPa and α for Patient 1 and Patient 2 was 0.44 and 0.ConclusionWe developed a novel computational method able to predict the effect of myocardial ischemia in patients with FMR. This method can be used to predict the effect of ischemia on the regional myocardium and promises to facilitate better understanding of FMR response to REVASC.
Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Sobrido-Cameán Daniel , Tostivint Herve , Mazan Sylvie , Rodicio María Celina , Rodríguez-Moldes Isabel , Candal Eva , Anadón Ramón , Barreiro-Iglesias Antón 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFive prosomatostatin genes (PSST1,PSST2,PSST3,PSST5andPSST6) have been recently identified in elasmobranchs (Tostivint, Gaillard, Mazan, & Pézeron, 2019). In order to gain insight into the contribution of each somatostatin to specific nervous systems circuits and behaviors in this important jawed vertebrate group, we studied the distribution of neurons expressingPSSTmRNAs in the catsharkScyliorhinus caniculausingin situhybridization with specific probes for the fivePSSTstranscripts. Additionally, we combinedin situhybridization with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry for better localization of somePSSTs-positive populations. The fivePSSTgenes showed expression in the brain, although with important differences in distribution.PSST1andPSST6were widely expressed in different brain regions. Instead,PSST2andPSST3were expressed only in the ventral hypothalamus and in some hindbrain lateral reticular neurons, whereasPSST5was only expressed in the region of the entopeduncular nucleus.PSST1andPSST6were expressed by numerous pallial neurons, although in different populations judging from the colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity andPSST6expression in pallial neurons and the absence of colocalization between TH andPSST1expression. Differential expression ofPSST1andPSST6was also observed in the subpallium, hypothalamus, diencephalon, optic tectum, midbrain tegmentum and rhombencephalon. Expression ofPSST1was observed in numerous cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons of the paraventricular organ of the hypothalamus and the central canal of the spinal cord. These wide differences in expression ofPSSTgenes together with the numerous brain nuclei expressingPSSTs, indicate that catshark somatostatinergic neurons are implicated differentially in a number of neural circuits.
Emergence and germination response of Sonchus oleraceus and Rapistrum rugosum to different temperatures and moisture stress regimes
Authors: Ali Hafiz Haider , Kebaso Lynder , Manalil Sudheesh , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSonchus oleraceus and Rapistrum rugosum are two rapidly emerging weeds of the northern grain region of Australia. To understand the ability of these weeds regarding their germination response to temperature and different soil moisture regimes, experiments were undertaken on the germination of these weeds at varying osmotic potential and temperature regimes. The experiment was conducted as a split‐plot design with alternating day/night temperature regimes (15/5, 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20°C) as a main plot and osmotic potential regimes (0.0, −0.1, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, −0.8 and −1 MPa) as a subplot. At different temperature regimes, there was 65–91% germination of S. oleraceus in water (0 MPa). There was 0–4% germination at −0.8 MPa and no germination at −1.0 MPa. Osmotic potential values that can cause 50% reduction in germination of S. oleraceus based on a sigmoid regression model ranged from −0.38 to −0.48 MPa. There was 33–81% germination of R. rugosum in distilled water (0 MPa), 1–3% germination at −0.8 MPa and no germination at −1.0 MPa. Osmotic potential values that can cause 50% reduction in germination of R. rugosum based on a sigmoid model ranged from −0.26 to −0.54 MPa. Results of the study were related to the emergence pattern of weeds during field survey and soil moisture profiles estimated by the Australian Landscape Water Balance Model and explain the emergence of these weeds outside the normal seasonal window of prevalence as a response to changes in weather.
Optimizing dissection, sample collection and cell isolation protocols for frugivorous bats
Authors: Irving Aaron T. , Ng Justin H. J. , Boyd Victoria , Dutertre Charles‐Antoine , Ginhoux Florent , Dekkers Milou H. , Meers Joanne , Field Hume E. , Crameri Gary , Wang Lin‐Fa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Bats are becoming increasingly important as an experimental model due to their unique biological features. These include the ability of powered flight, minimal consequences from a heightened metabolic state, extended longevity in most species and minimal inflammation in response to most otherwise pathogenic viruses. To date there has been limited work done on the optimal procedures for necropsy, extraction of tissues or preparation of cell suspensions for downstream experimental work.

Here we use Pteropus alecto black flying fox as an example model of the fruit bat to develop optimal procedures for anaesthetizing, necropsy methods, safety, sequence and protocols for cell/tissue extraction and isolation protocols.

These methods were successfully used to yield high‐quality RNA, DNA and protein samples from tissues along with viable cells for various molecular and immunological studies. Procedures utilized are suitable for comparative biology studies with most protocols being directly modified from those used in mice and humans. While mainly optimized for the larger fruit bats (flying foxes) in this study, the majority of protocols can readily be adapted to all species of bats.

This study provides the framework for greater consistency with in vivo bat experiments, application for comparative biology studies and greater engagement of the bat community for suitable protocols to be harmoniously adopted.
Effect of competition intensity on recruitment of palatable and unpalatable grasses
Authors: García Andrés , Scarfó María Cecilia , Loydi Alejandro , Distel Roberto Alejandro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we made an attempt to reveal how competition intensity from established plants impacts on palatable and unpalatable grass seedlings recruitment, in a natural mesic grassland of central Argentina. Our objective was to assess the seedling recruitment of a palatable species (Chascolytrum subaristatum) and an unpalatable species (Nassella trichotoma) in microsites differing in competition intensity from established plants. Identity (C. subaristatum and N. trichotoma) and defoliation severity were used as surrogate for competition intensity. In March 2017, we permanently marked established individuals of N. trichotoma and C. subaristatum and placed two circular plots adjacent to each individual. In one plot we added seeds of N. trichotoma and in the other seeds of C. subaristatum. After seeding, established plants were randomly assigned to one of three level of defoliation: without defoliation, low defoliation severity and high defoliation severity. From April to November 2017 (i.e. over a complete annual growing cycle), we measured seedling density, recruitment and growth. Our results supported the hypothesis that seedlings of palatable grasses are more competitive than seedlings of unpalatable grasses. Seedling of the palatable grass C. subaristatum recruited successfully regardless the intensity of competition from established plants, whereas seedlings of the unpalatable grass N. trichotoma recruited better under low competitive pressure from established plants. Our results suggest that the availability of microsites with low competitive pressure from the established vegetation, created by selective grazing of palatable grasses, promotes the recruitment of unpalatable grass seedlings. This mechanism may contribute to the species replacement process commonly observed in heavy grazed grasslands.
Head to health: Practitioner perceptions of the new digital mental health gateway
Authors: Sturk Heidi , Crowther Ruth , Kavanagh David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo understand health practitioners' attitudes towards the acceptability and usability of the Head to Health digital gateway.DesignFeedback surveys were completed by health care practitioners to identify experiences with and perceptions of the digital mental health gateway Head to Health. Data from the surveys were evaluated via thematic analysis.Settings and participantsHealth care practitioners working in mental health settings participated in three digital mental health workshops facilitated by Queensland University of Technology in 2018. A total of 43 participants explored key features of the Head to Health site and provided feedback via a post‐workshop survey.Main outcome measuresClinician feedback about usability, utility, barriers to integration and promotion of the Head to Health digital mental health gateway.ResultsPractitioner feedback highlighted that although many were unaware of the website, overall perceptions were positive with 79% stating they will recommend the site to clients in the future. Thematic analysis revealed four overarching thematic headings; “utility of the Head to Health portal,” “usability,” “clinician recommendations” and “clinician‐led” promotional strategies. Health professionals identified a number of roles they can play in assisting to promote Head to Health more widely.ConclusionOverall Head to Health is perceived to be a quality resource of value to health practitioners. There is a need for ongoing government and clinician‐led promotion of Head to Health both generally and in the rural setting. Guidelines are required on integration of digital mental health resources into clinical practice.
Effectiveness of medication review on the number of drug‐related problems in patients visiting the outpatient cardiology clinic: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huiskes Victor Johan Bernard , van den Ende Cornelia Helena Maria , Kruijtbosch Martine , Ensing Hendrik Tinus , Meijs Marieke , Meijs Veronique Maria Mathea , Burger David Marinus , van den Bemt Bartholomeus Johannes Fredericus 
Published: October 2019

AimsTo assess the effectiveness of medication review on the number of drug‐related problems (DRPs) in outpatient cardiology patients.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, a computer‐assisted and pharmacist‐led medication review with patient involvement (questionnaire and telephone call with pharmacist) was conducted in intervention patients prior to their visit to the cardiologist. The control group received usual care. Adult outpatient cardiology patients without support concerning the administration of medication, without a medication review in the past 6 months and who gave permission to access their electronic medication record were included. The primary outcome measure was the number of DRPs 1 month after the visit. Secondary outcome measures concerned the type of DRP and the type of medication involved in the DRPs.ResultsIn total, 75 patients (mean [standard deviation, SD] age 66.0 [12.5] years, 41% female) were included. Intervention (n = 90) and control group (n = 85) were comparable at baseline. The mean (SD) number of drugs used per patient was 7.9 (3.9). After 1 month, the mean (SD) number of DRPs was 0.3 (0.7) and 0.8 (1.0) and the median (range) number of DRPs was 0 (0–4) and 0 (0–4) in the intervention group and control group, respectively (P < .001). In the intervention group, 74% of the DRPs identified at T0 were solved at T1 vs 14% in the control group.ConclusionThis randomized controlled trial suggests that a pharmacist‐led medication review in patients with a scheduled visit to the outpatient cardiology clinic decreases the number of DRPs.
Risk factors associated with biochemically detected and hospitalised acute kidney injury in patients prescribed renin angiotensin system inhibitors
Authors: Mark Patrick B. , Papworth Richard , Ramparsad Nitish , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Sawhney Simon , Black Corri , McConnachie Alex , McCowan Colin 
Published: October 2019

AimsTherapy with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is a mainstay of treatment for heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These agents have been associated with development of acute kidney injury (AKI) during intercurrent illness. Risk factors for AKI in patients prescribed ACEi/ARB therapy are not well described.MethodsWe captured the incidence of AKI in patients commencing ACEi/ARB during 2009–2015 using anonymised patient records. Hospital‐coded AKI was defined from hospital episode statistics; biochemical AKI was ascertained from laboratory data. Risk factors for biochemically detected and hospitalised AKI were investigated.ResultsOf 61,318 patients prescribed ACEi/ARB, with 132 885 person years (py) follow‐up, there were 1070 hospitalisations with AKI as a diagnosis recorded and a total of 4645 AKI events, including AKI episodes indicated by biochemical KDIGO‐based creatinine change criteria. Incidence of any AKI event was 35.0 per 1000‐py, hospital‐coded AKI was 7.8 per 1000‐py and biochemical AKI was 33.7 per 1000‐py. Independent risk factors in a multivariable model for hospital‐coded AKI events were age, male gender, HF, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, socioeconomic deprivation, diuretic or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory use (all P < 0.001).ConclusionIn patients prescribed ACEi/ARB, the highest risk of AKI is associated with conditions which are considered strong evidence‐based indications for their prescription. Socio‐economic status is an under‐reported risk factor for AKI with these agents. Strategies targeted at prevention of AKI may be of benefit, such as enhanced awareness based on higher risk comorbidities.
Antibodies against neo-epitope of microbial and human transglutaminase complexes as biomarkers of childhood celiac disease
Authors: Agardh D , Matthias T , Wusterhausen P , Neidhöfer S , Heller A , Lerner A 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and microbial transglutaminase (mTG) cross-link gliadins to form complexes that expose immunogenic neo-epitopes to produce tTG and mTG-neo-epitope antibodies. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic performance of antibodies against non-complexed and complexed forms of transglutaminases, to correlate their activities to the intestinal damage and to explore age group dependency in celiac disease (CD). A total of 296 children with untreated CD and 215 non-celiac disease controls were checked by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detecting immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG or combined detection of IgA and IgG (check) against tTG, AESKULISA® tTG New Generation (tTG-neo) and mTG-neo (RUO), IgA and IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) and human IgA anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA) using AESKUSLIDES® EMA. Intestinal pathology was graded according the revised Marsh criteria, and age dependencies of the antibody activities were analysed. Using cut-offs estimated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the highest area under curve (AUC) of the TG assays was 0·963 for tTG-neo check, followed by tTG check (0·962) when the diagnosis was based on enteric mucosal histology. tTG-neo check was the most effective to reflect the intestinal abnormalities in CD (r = 0·795, P &lt; 0·0001). High levels of anti-mTG-neo IgG and anti-tTG-neo IgG appeared in the earlier age groups, as compared to anti-tTG IgG (P &lt; 0·001). Considering antibody diagnostic performance based on AUC, enteric damage reflection and predictability at an early age, the anti-neo tTG check was the most effective diagnostic biomarker for pediatric CD. The mTG neo check might represent a new marker for CD screening, diagnosis and predictability.
Addressing identity‐related barriers to collaboration for conservation through self‐affirmation theory and moral foundations theory
Authors: Hurst Kristin , Stern Marc J. , Hull R. Bruce , Axsom Danny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe natural resource management literature documents many reasons for pursuing collaborative processes, offering useful insights on how to manage conflict and facilitate productive deliberation in complex multistakeholder collaborative efforts. Moral foundations theory and self‐affirmation theory can further help collaborative efforts mitigate conflicts caused by identity threats and the identity‐protective reasoning these threats provoke. Moral foundations theory suggests an approach to increase collaboration by minimizing triggering language and helping people appreciate opposing viewpoints. Self‐affirmation theory suggests a practical intervention that could be used to increase collaboration by desensitizing people to identity threats and reducing defensiveness. Taken together, these theories can contribute substantially to the understanding and practice of collaboration and conflict management for conservation.