bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of different substituted meso-porphyrin derivatives
Authors: Sălăgeanu Luminița , Muntean Delia , George Horhat Florin , Lascu Anca , Anghel Diana , Bagiu Iulia Cristina , Fagadar-Cosma Eugenia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The increasing resistance against classical antibiotic treatment forces the researchers to develop novel non-toxic antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of seven different porphyrins having distinctive hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity: P1 meso-tetra(4-methoxy-phenyl)porphyrin, P2 Zn(II)-meso-5,10,15,20-tetrapyridylporphyrin, P3 meso-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin, P4 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin; P5 (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato) dichlorophosphorus(V) chloride, P6 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin-Zn(II) tetrachloride, P7 Zn(II)-5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin. The meso-porphyrin derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activity against six reference strains: Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antimicrobial activity of these samples was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method and dilution method, with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The most significant result is provided by the water-soluble P5 manifesting an obvious antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes. On the other hand, P6 is a moderately active derivative against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli and P7 presents moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. All the tested porphyrin bases, presenting hydrophobic character, have no antimicrobial activity under the investigated conditions. The common characteristics of the porphyrins that act as promising antimicrobial agents in the non-irradiated methods are: the cationic nature, the increased hydrophilicity and the presence of both amino functional groups grafted on the porphyrin ring and the coordination with Zn or phosphorus in the inner core.
Optimization of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Medical Grade Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kulkarni Vinayak N , Gaitonde V N , Nalavade K S , Doddamani Mrityunjay , Naik Gajanan M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nickel Titanium (NiTi) alloys are the class of smart materials classified under shape memory alloys. The traditional machining of these alloys is hard because of various inherent mechanical characteristics of these alloys. Therefore, non-traditional machining process such as wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) has been employed for machining of such alloys. The present study is focused on multi-performance characteristic simultaneous optimization of WEDM process parameters, in which three system control factors, namely, pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF) and wire feed (WF) are considered for simultaneously maximizing material removal rate (MRR), while minimizing surface roughness (SR) and tool wear rate (TWR). The simultaneous optimization is performed using Taguchi’s Quality Loss Function. Analysis of means and analysis of variance have been carried out to identify the significance level of each system control factor. The different levels of settings and the optimized setting have been analysed using scanning electron microscope images for surface morphological studies. The multi-response optimization investigations revealed that TON is the major contributing factor and optimal performance values were obtained at TON of 125μs, TOFF of 25μs and at WF of 4 m/min.
Preloaded Bolted Joint Made with a Single Row of Fasteners
Authors: Michael Welch 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this technical note is to present a method of analysis of a joint made using a single row of bolts, typical of a bolts around the edge of a closure plat or a simple bracket. Classical analysis methods are applied to the joint subjected to combinations of both in-plane and out-of-plane loads and moments. An analysis of loads and stresses in a single bolt is developed. The note brings together a number of concepts and links them into a practical design analysis process that is applicable for many cases of joints made with a single bolt or a single line of bolts and are adequate to demonstrate the structural integrity of the joint. In some cases finite element methods may be more appropriate, and the methods discussed can be used in the validation process.
The Status of Conditional Syllogism in Syllogistics
Authors: Mahmmoud Yagoubi , Fatahine Moussa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The form of the conditional syllogism resembles that of the categorical syllogism, while its subject matter is at least a conditional premise, but its conclusion is always conditional conjunctive or disjunctive. This mixed structure to which we apply the rules of the categorical syllogism, is a structure of which Aristotle did not have an idea, and which the Stoics did not conceive, and which the non-Arabian logicians did not know until in modern times. But what we have to notice here is the putting of a conditional matter in the form of the categorical syllogism, and it is this kind of hybridization, if we dare to say, which generated this mixed structure which appeared for the first time in the history of logic in the treatise on the logic of Ibn Sina and which can be considered a discovery by this author until proof to the contrary, and that the ancient Arabian logicians have taken the habit of exhibiting in their treatises.
Perspectives on the Notion of Truth in Arabic Philosophy
Authors: Mlika Hamdi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present paper, I assume that the notion of “truth” in philosophy would not have been clarified and tackled properly, if philosophers did not take into account earlier Arabic Medieval research contributions and build upon previous research findings. In the first place, I embark on the scrutiny of the rich aspect (or nature) of the Arabic Lexicon in terms of the “truth” meaning. In the second place, I take on the assumption that Arabic linguistic traditions imply different kinds of truths, depending on various spheres of human thoughts and actions based on the logical approach to “truth” (from Al-Kindi up to Averroes via Al-Farabi and Avicenna) and the term “al-haqiqha” as transliterated from Arabic, remain central. In conclusion, I take on an approach to “truth” that gives worth to logical perspectives at the very heart of Medieval Arab traditions in the light of what I would label as the “Omni-cultural Universality of Logic and Science”.
Reaching the Goal of Alchemy – or: What Happens When You Finally Have Created the Philosophers’ Stone?
Authors: Forster Regula 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Alchemy is the art of transforming base metals into precious ones, usually silver and/or gold. The most important method conceived to reach this goal was the creation of the elixir, also called the philosophers’ stone, which, applied to the prime-matter, would lead to an accelerated process of ripening of metals, eventually ending in gold. How did Arabo-Islamic alchemists suppose that the transmutation worked? What were the conditions the adept had to fulfil in order to succeed? And what did they think would happen when one finally has created the philosophers’ stone? Will the economy collapse because gold and silver will lose their validity? Will the alchemist simply lean back and enjoy? Or will the world end, because man has finally attained the knowledge that should be God’s only?
A Numerical Investigation of Transient Groundwater Flows with a Phreatic Surface Along Complex Hillslopes
Authors: Zerihun Yebegaeshet T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Most of the existing models for analyzing unconfined flows in hillslope aquifers are based on the Boussinesq (1877) equation. In the development of these models, the assumption of negligible bed-normal velocity was employed, thus restricting their application to shallow groundwater-flow situations. On the basis of a non-hydrostatic pressure approach, a ground-water-flow model that considers the effects of the vertical curvature of the flow streamlines and the three-dimensional geometry of the underlying bedrock was proposed. A dissipative two-four finite-difference scheme was utilized to discretize and solve the model equation. The applicability of the model was assessed by conducting numerical experiments on transient unconfined flows in convergent- and divergent-type hillslope aquifers with non-uniform bedrock slopes. The numerical results for the phreatic-surface profiles and outflow discharges were compared to the experimental data, and a good agreement was obtained. The results of the comparison attested that the dynamics of the hillslope drainage processes were accurately portrayed by the proposed model. This study highlights the necessity of considering the effects of the plan shape and the profile curvature of complex hillslopes in order to improve the overall performance of the computational model.
Association between Oral Health-Related and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Sekulić Stella , John Mike T. , Davey Cynthia , Rener-Sitar Ksenija 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the correlation between the four dimensions of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) constructs in a dental patient population.

Methods
A cross-sectional study carried out at HealthPartners, Minnesota, USA. This study is a secondary data analysis of available adult dental patients’ data. The instruments used to assess the OHRQoL and HRQoL constructs were the Oral Health Impact Profile–version with 49 items (OHIP-49) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information System (PROMIS) measures v.1.1 Global Health instruments Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), respectively. We used Structural Equation Modeling to determine the correlation between OHRQoL and HRQoL.

Results
Two thousand and seventy-six dental patients participated in the study. OHRQoL and HRQoL scores correlated with 0.56 (95%CI:0.52–0.60). The OHRQoL and Physical Health dimension of HRQoL correlated with 0.55 (95%CI:0.51–0.59). The OHRQoL and Mental Health dimension of HRQoL correlated with 0.51 (95%CI:0.47–0.55). When adjusted for age, gender, and depression, the correlation coefficients changed only slightly and resulted in 0.52 between OHRQoL and HRQoL Physical Health, and 0.47 between OHRQoL and HRQoL Mental Health. Model fit statistics for all analyses were adequate and indicated a good fit.

Conclusions
OHRQoL and HRQoL overlap greatly. For dental practitioners, the OHRQoL score is informative for their patients’ general health status and vice versa. Study results indicate that effective therapeutic interventions by dentists improve patients’ OHRQoL as well as HRQoL.
A Keynesian Approach to Fiscal Policy for Full Employment and Continuous Time Debt Dynamics
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is widely argued that public debt is a burden on the future generations. We analyze another aspect of public debt as an economic stimulus program, that is, the measure to realize full employment from an under-employment state. Using a continuous time version of a dynamic analysis of debt-to-GDP ratio we show that a fiscal policy to realize full employment from a state of under-employment can reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio. More precisely we show that the larger the extra growth rate (increasing rate) of real GDP by a fiscal policy is, the smaller the debt-to-GDP ratio at the time when full employment is realized is. Also we show that even if the marginal propensity to consume is very small (including zero), an aggressive fiscal policy can realize full employment without increasing the debt-to-GDP ratio. Further, we consider a condition to realize full employment from a state of under-employment within one year without increasing debt-to-GDP ratio.
“This Time of Isolation” Or about the Forgotten Meanings of Theatre
Authors: Jighirgiu Octavian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The individual’s alienation, the dehumanizing relationship with the technological advancement, the communication crisis and the entire theoretical field targeting the current collective psychosis are now moving into a pragmatism which is brutal, cruel, and immediate. The pandemic concerns all of us at the same extent, each of us is directly affected; the enemy is reproducing itself and is felt physically, therefore consciously, on a global scale. It is a lesson about another way of “being”, we are challenged to survive to ourselves according to the principle which is so well-rooted in the world of the theatre: “play this, is you can!” But, “this time of isolation” gives something to us as well, not only does it take something from us. It is a good time for reflection. The vulnerability of the human being proves to be, at this point, above all, the sole meaning of the search. Deprived of its primordial element, the gathering, it requires a return to the sacred nature of the beginning. The contextual reassessment must begin from the actor. The indefinite suspension of the humankind’s right to social interaction is transformed, therefore, from a sign of clinical death of the theatre, into a thorough working formula. We are not launching this hypothesis with the intention of establishing postulates, but we are rather trying to make an anticipative exercise on the edge of a hole, which if ignored, can turn into an abyss.
King Lear’s Fool
Authors: Cornici Antonella 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Shakespeare does not introduce the Fool in his plays by accident or in order to entertain or to amuse. On the contrary, his lines are earnest, filled with undertones, his advices are witty, and their purpose is to amend the one they are aimed at, to point out their mistakes, to warn them, and even to intervene in the play’s plot. The journey of the Fool in King Lear shows that, without this character, the play would be situated somewhere at the border with the Irrational. All the characters seem to be lacking reason, they act without logic. By bringing in the Fool, one is presented the image of the “standstill” in which England’s Royalty was. All the irrationality is transferred to the King. The rest of the characters are, thus, “saved”, their actions being justified by affections that darken their minds and, obviously, accountable for those senseless actions is no one else but Lear.
The disappearing of the Fool in King Lear remains a mystery that directors have “deciphered” in many ways. Shakespeare inserted this character in the middle of the first act and kept him throughout the play until the third act; then, gradually, the king’s fool disappeared. The manner this happens is almost imperceptible.
The productions of this play are not numerous, King Lear, as critic Marina Constantinescu noticed, is, perhaps, one of the most difficult plays of Shakespeare, profoundly philosophical, linguistically complicated, filled with human nuances, sophisticatedly put on page.
The performances to which we will make reference for the monologue of the Fool from King Lear are by Andrei şerban (2008 and 2012, Bulandra Theater) and Tompa Gábor (2006, Cluj National Theater).
Theatrical Event and Alternative Advertising in the Romanian Theater
Authors: Tătar-Vîstras Ivona 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last years, the exclusive integration of advertising in the marketing mix has become a word-out manner of acting at an operational level. The autonomy of advertising in the management process has become inherent and, generally, closer to the area of communication than the other elements of the mix (price, place, product). The communication policies of an institution or company have separated more and more from the traditionally recognized marketing component. At the same time, in the case of Romanian theater (and, in general, in the cultural environment), but especially in the sector of independent theater, we can see a novel operational process, whereby not only the nature of the cultural service governs the media plan, but the reverse also applies. “Direct marketing” approaches seem to add an outer layer to the institutional communication segment and to dictate even an artistic-aesthetic direction to the organization.
Finite Volume Scheme for AMSS Model
Authors: Handlovičová Angela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We propose a new finite volume numerical scheme for the approximation of the Affine Morphological Scale Space (AMSS) model. We derive the basic scheme and its iterative improvement. For both schemes, several numerical experiments using examples where the exact solution is known are presented. Then the numerical errors and experimental order of convergence of the proposed schemes is studied.
Efficient 3D Shape Registration by Using Distance Maps and Stochastic Gradient Descent Method
Authors: Okock Polycarp Omondi , Urbán Jozef , Mikula Karol 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient 3D shape registration by using distance maps and stochastic gradient descent method. The proposed algorithm aims to find the optimal affine transformation parameters (translation, scaling and rotation) that maps two distance maps to each other. These distance maps represent the shapes as an interface and we apply level sets methods to calculate the signed distance to these interfaces. To maximize the similarity between the two distance maps, we apply sum of squared difference (SSD) optimization and gradient descent methods to minimize it. To address the shortcomings of the standard gradient descent method, i.e., many iterations to compute the minimum, we implemented the stochastic gradient descent method. The outcome of these two methods are compared to show the advantages of using stochastic gradient descent method. In addition, we implement computational optimization’s such as parallelization to speed up the registration process.
Macrophage Image Segmentation by Thresholding and Subjective Surface Method
Authors: Park Seol Ah , Sipka Tamara , Krivá Zuzana , Ambroz Martin , Kollár Michal , Kósa Balázs , Nguyen-Chi Mai , Lutfalla Georges , Mikula Karol 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We introduce two level-set method approaches to segmentation of 2D macrophage images. The first one is based on the Otsu thresholding and the second one on the information entropy thresholding, both followed by the classical subjective surface (SUBSURF) method. Results of both methods are compared with the semi-automatic Lagrangian method in which the segmentation curve evolves along the edge of the macrophage and it is controlled by an expert user. We present the comparison of all three methods with respect to the Hausdorff distance of resulting segmentation curves and we compare also their perimeter and enclosed area. We show that accuracy of the automatic SUBSURF method is comparable to the results of the semi-automatic Lagrangian segmentation.
Improved Accuracy of Vehicle Counter for Real-Time Traffic Monitoring System
Authors: Setiadi De Rosal Ignatius Moses , Fratama Rizki Ramadhan , Partiningsih Nurul Diyah Ayu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research proposes a background subtraction method with the truncate threshold to improve the accuracy of vehicle detection and tracking in real-time video streams. In previous research, vehicle detection accuracy still needs to be optimized, so it needed to be improved. In the vehicle detection method, there are several parts that greatly affect, one of which is the thresholding technique. Different thresholding methods can affect the results of the background and foreground separation. Based on the results of testing the proposed method can improve accuracy by more than 20% compared to the previous method. The thresholding method has a considerable influence on the final result of vehicle object detection. The results of the average accuracy of the three types of time, i.e. morning, daytime, and afternoon reached 96.01%. These results indicate that the vehicle counting accuracy is very satisfying, moreover, the method has also been implemented in a real way and can run smoothly.
A patient with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Coincidence or a genetic link between the diseases?
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Nilsson Martin , Lundin Fredrik 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is usually regarded as a disease characterized by gait and balance disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and urinary symptoms. The pathophysiology of iNPH is still unknown, but the increased number of familial cases raises the suspicion of a genetic component. The C9ORF72 expansion is known to cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ALS, and its prevalence is found among Finnish iNPH patients.

Case Presentation:
We report an interesting case of a patient with possible iNPH who also developed ALS.

Conclusion:
Our case raises the theory of coexistence of gene-induced etiology.

Key Message:
Our case also raises the question of a genetic link between iNPH and ALS.
Ectopic breast tissue carcinoma—a case report
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel , Pereira Nuno , Varelas Ana , Coimbra Nuno , Leal Conceição , Lencastre Luís , Ferreira Ana , Azevedo Isabel , Pereira Helena 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Ectopic breast cancer is a rare entity and an important diagnostic and treatment challenge.

Case Presentation:
46-year-old female with previous history of resection of ectopic axillary breast tissue who was referred to our Institution after a second resection following an increase in left axillary volume. Histology reported a ductal ectopic breast tissue carcinoma that invaded the deep layer of the dermis and was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-type 2. After being referred to our Institution, surgical margin re-excision and sentinel node biopsy were performed. The patient initiated hormone therapy and underwent adjuvant radiotherapy to the breast and axilla (50 Gy/25 fractions, in daily 2 Gy fractions with a 3D conformal radiation therapy technique) and boost with bolus to the axilla (to complete 60 Gy). She remains in follow-up, with no recurrence to date.

Conclusion:
A high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis of this rare condition. Since there are no specific guidelines, treatment remains a challenge.
Miscarriages of Justice in Canada: Causes, Responses, Remedies (Kathryn M. Campbell)
Authors: Freedman Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

This book covers a great deal of material related to wrongful conviction or as the book terms it miscarriages of justice. As the subtitle says, the book deals with the causes, responses, and remedies. There is a wealth of information in the book that could serve as an introduction to this very important topic. It would be appropriate as a textbook for a course for undergraduates or even graduates or law students who want to learn about what causes wrongful convictions and how to prevent them from happening in the future. In that sense the book is a successful venture written by a very knowledgeable person and presented in a logical, thorough way.