bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification Rate of Simple and Complex Tactile Alerts in MUM-T Setup
Authors: Rosenblum Dana , Katzman Nuphar , Oron-Gilad Tal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVibro-tactile interfaces were proposed as an alternative to enhance human-machine communication in information-rich domains. The current study aims to examine the effectiveness of two levels of tactile alerts when combined with visual alerts, in MUM-T (Manned UnManned Teaming) setup. In MUM-T, aside from their primary mission, mounted operators are responsible for supportive unmanned systems and must attend to their health. On the simple level, the alert provides information about a threat or a failure in the supportive unmanned systems, while in the complex level, the alert includes more specific information about the source of failure, that may require more effort to interpret. The experiment simulates an operational mission in which participants ride an autonomous ground patrol vehicle while identifying threats and targets in the area and being supported by two unmanned systems. Response accuracy to alerts and threat identification rates were measured. Results indicate that tactile alerts given in addition to visual alerts in a visually loaded and auditory noisy scene, improve task performance. Moreover, the complex level of tactile alerts did not impair performance compared to the simple level of tactile alerts and led to higher rate of identification in specific cases. Nevertheless, relatively high rates of false alarms (FA) for threats were observed, especially when tactile alerts were present, which can be explained by the payment matrix (no penalty) or by the assumption that adding tactile alerts may lead participants to be more vigilant, which can lead to higher correct identifications, but also to higher FA rates.
Tactile Perception of Objects by the User’s Palm for the Development of Multi-contact Wearable Tactile Displays
Authors: Altamirano Cabrera Miguel , Heredia Juan , Tsetserukou Dzmitry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe user’s palm plays an important role in object detection and manipulation. The design of a robust multi-contact tactile display must consider the sensation and perception of the stimulated area, aiming to deliver the right stimuli at the correct location. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study to obtain the human palm data for this purpose. The objective of this work is to introduce a method to investigate the user’s palm sensations during the interaction with objects. An array of fifteen Force Sensitive Resistors (FSRs) was located at the user’s palm to get the area of interaction, and the normal force delivered to four different convex surfaces. Experimental results showed the active areas at the palm during the interaction with each of the surfaces at different forces. The obtained results were verified in an experiment for pattern recognition to discriminate the applied force. The patterns were delivered in correlation with the acquired data from the previous experiment. The overall recognition rate equals 84%, which means that user can distinguish four patterns with high confidence. The obtained results can be applied in the development of multi-contact wearable tactile and haptic displays for the palm, and in training a machine-learning algorithm to predict stimuli aiming to achieve a highly immersive experience in Virtual Reality.
Verstehen durch qualitative Methoden – der Beitrag der interpretativen Sozialforschung zur Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Authors: Kelle Udo , Tempel Günter 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungGesundheitsberichterstattung basiert in aller Regel auf standardisiert erhobenen, quantitativen Daten; die Anwendung von Verfahren der qualitativen Sozialforschung ist die Ausnahme. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll der potenzielle Nutzen qualitativer Verfahren in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung dargestellt werden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen folgende Fragen: Was kennzeichnet qualitative Verfahren, was sind ihre theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen und welchen spezifischen Beitrag können sie in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung leisten?Qualitativ orientierte Forschung geht davon aus, dass Menschen letztendlich aufgrund subjektiver Bedeutungen, die die Dinge in ihrer Umgebung und das Verhalten ihrer Mitmenschen für sie haben, handeln. Qualitative Methoden bieten hier sehr oft bessere Möglichkeiten als standardisierte Verfahren (in vielen Kontexten oft die einzigen), diese subjektiven Sichtweisen und Handlungsorientierungen zu eruieren. Aufgrund ihrer methodischen Besonderheiten sind qualitative Methoden geeignet für die Exploration gesundheitsrelevanter Wahrnehmungen, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. Die Ergebnisse können helfen, die Passgenauigkeit von Präventionsprogrammen zu verbessern, sie können aber auch der Ausgangspunkt für weitere hypothesentestende quantitative Forschung sein.Die für qualitative Methoden charakteristische Offenheit bedeutet keine Beliebigkeit. Die Anwendung qualitativer Methoden setzt ausreichende Expertise voraus, darüber hinaus sind, wie in der quantitativen Forschung, Sorgfalt und ein regelgeleitetes Vorgehen erforderlich. Hinzu kommt Transparenz; die Daten sind genau zu dokumentieren und das Vorgehen bei der Analyse ist offenzulegen. Auch die Ergebnisse qualitativer Forschung müssen einer kritischen Würdigung standhalten können.
Setting the stage for next-generation risk assessment with non-animal approaches: the EU-ToxRisk project experience
Authors: Moné M. J. , Pallocca G. , Escher S. E. , Exner T. , Herzler M. , Bennekou S. Hougaard , Kamp H. , Kroese E. D. , Leist Marcel , Steger-Hartmann T. , van de Water B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2016, the European Commission launched the EU-ToxRisk research project to develop and promote animal-free approaches in toxicology. The 36 partners of this consortium used in vitro and in silico methods in the context of case studies (CSs). These CSs included both compounds with a highly defined target (e.g. mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors) as well as compounds with poorly defined molecular initiation events (e.g. short-chain branched carboxylic acids). The initial project focus was on developing a science-based strategy for read-across (RAx) as an animal-free approach in chemical risk assessment. Moreover, seamless incorporation of new approach method (NAM) data into this process (= NAM-enhanced RAx) was explored. Here, the EU-ToxRisk consortium has collated its scientific and regulatory learnings from this particular project objective. For all CSs, a mechanistic hypothesis (in the form of an adverse outcome pathway) guided the safety evaluation. ADME data were generated from NAMs and used for comprehensive physiological-based kinetic modelling. Quality assurance and data management were optimized in parallel. Scientific and Regulatory Advisory Boards played a vital role in assessing the practical applicability of the new approaches. In a next step, external stakeholders evaluated the usefulness of NAMs in the context of RAx CSs for regulatory acceptance. For instance, the CSs were included in the OECD CS portfolio for the Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment project. Feedback from regulators and other stakeholders was collected at several stages. Future chemical safety science projects can draw from this experience to implement systems toxicology-guided, animal-free next-generation risk assessment.
Out of the woods: psychophysiological investigations on wood odors to estimate their suitability as ambient scents
Authors: Schreiner Linda , Karacan Brid , Blankenagel Sonja , Packhaeuser Kai , Freiherr Jessica , Loos Helene M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWood has been an important raw material for centuries, and humans encounter it in the form of furniture and building materials or in products of daily use. The odors emanating from such wood-based materials can add another facet to their functionality by influencing human well-being and mood. Moreover, wood odors can be used in odor-enhanced environments to foster relaxation and stress recovery. The current study was conducted to assess the subjective evaluation of, and physiological responses to, wood odors and individual wood odor constituents. The subjects smelled the odors of pine needles oil, cedar wood oil, α-pinene, and thymoquinone and evaluated the odor percept and their subjective feelings. Heart rate, finger temperature, and skin conductance were monitored throughout the experiment. The results showed that wood odors were distinct regarding their pleasantness, familiarity, and intensity. All odors enhanced the subjective feelings of happiness and content. Though no odor-specific physiological effects became evident, certain physiological measures correlated with self-reports of happy and relaxed feelings and the intensity ratings of the odors. The present study provides a basis for further studies on the use of wood odors as ambient scents and helps understanding the influence of natural odors on humans.
The role of claw color in species recognition and mate choice in a fiddler crab
Authors: Dyson M. L , Perez D. M , Curran T , McCullough E. L , Backwell P. R. Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many animal signals are brightly colored and convey information about species identity as well as information about individual conspecifics. Colorful bird and lizard signals have received much attention, and many studies have related specific spectral properties of these signals to variation in mating success and territory defense. Far less attention has been given to invertebrates even though there are spectacularly colorful species. The enlarged claw of the male banana fiddler crab Austruca mjoebergi, for example, is bright yellow and contrasts vividly against the mudflat substrate. It is used in waving displays to attract females and in male territory defense and combat. Claw color varies among males in the degree of “yellowness,” ranging very pale yellow to orange. In this study, we examined female responses to claw color variation in two-choice tests using robotic crabs. We found that although females strongly discriminate against colors that fall outside the natural range of intensity, hue, and chroma, they show no consistent preferences for different claw colors within the natural range, and no single component of claw color (hue, chroma, or intensity) independently affected female choices. Using three-choice tests, we also showed that female preferences induce stabilizing selection on male claw color. We conclude that, although claw color is sufficient to facilitate species recognition, it is unlikely to be used in intraspecific mate choice to provide information about male quality.

Significance statement
Fiddler crabs are often brightly colored, are visually orientated animals, and have a highly complex social system. Despite this, there are few studies that have looked at the role of color in species recognition and mate choice in these animals. In this study, we use robotic crabs with painted claws to determine the role of claw color in species recognition and mate choice in the banana fiddler crab, Austruca mjoebergi. We found that color is important in conspecific mate recognition but the variation among males in claw “yellowness” is unlikely to be used by females in intraspecific mate choice decisions.
Impact of Multidisciplinary Audit of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® Programs at a Single Institution
Authors: Pickens Ryan C. , Cochran Allyson R. , Lyman William B. , King Lacey , Iannitti David A. , Martinie John B. , Baker Erin H. , Ocuin Lee M. , Riggs Stephen B. , Davis Bradley R. , Matthews Brent D. , Vrochides Dionisios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) programs expand across numerous subspecialties, growth and sustainability on a system level becomes increasingly important and may benefit from reporting multidisciplinary and financial data. However, the literature on multidisciplinary outcome analysis in ERAS is sparse. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of multidisciplinary ERAS auditing in a hospital system. Additionally, we describe developing a financial metric for use in gaining support for system‐wide ERAS adoption and sustainability.MethodsData from HPB, colorectal and urology ERAS programs at a single institution were analyzed from a prospective ERAS Interactive Audit System (EIAS) database from September 2015 to June 2019. Clinical 30‐day outcomes for the ERAS cohort (n = 1374) were compared to the EIAS pre‐ERAS control (n = 311). Association between improved ERAS compliance and improved outcomes were also assessed for the ERAS cohort. The potential multidisciplinary financial impact was estimated from hospital bed charges.ResultsMultidisciplinary auditing demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative length of stay (LOS) (1.5 days, p < 0.001) for ERAS patients in aggregate and improved ERAS compliance was associated with reduced LOS (coefficient − 0.04, p = 0.004). Improved ERAS compliance in aggregate also significantly associated with improved 30‐day survival (odds ratio 1.04, p = 0.001). Multidisciplinary analysis also demonstrated a potential financial impact of 44% savings (p < 0.001) by reducing hospital bed charges across all specialties.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary auditing of ERAS programs may improve ERAS program support and expansion. Analysis across subspecialties demonstrated associations between improved ERAS compliance and postoperative LOS as well as 30‐day survival, and further suggested a substantial combined financial impact.
Growth Regulation and Validation of Homogeneity in In Vitro-Derived Bleeding Heart by Molecular Markers and Spectral Analysis of Pigments
Authors: Kulus Dariusz , de Dieu Muhire Jean , Aksoy Barkin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the morphogenetic events in Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’ micropropagated in various culture media, and to evaluate the biochemical and genetic stability of the produced plants. None of the sixteen tested plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations improved the micropropagation efficiency or morphological traits of shoots in ‘Gold Heart’ compared to the PGRs-free control, indicating low intrinsic regenerability of this cultivar. As for bleeding heart ‘White Gold’, culture medium with 0.5 mg·L−1 IBA and 2.0 mg·L−1 BA was optimal in terms of multiplication ratio (9.8) and shoot parameters. Addition of PGRs was necessary for effective rooting in both cultivars studied. Some experimental combinations declined the concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the shoots of bleeding heart, especially if a significant amount of callus was formed at the shoot base. The PGR-supplemented media stimulated the abundant secretion of phenols by shoots. The survival rate and quality of the plantlets after acclimatization varied from 0.0 to 100%, depending on the composition of the multiplication medium. Plants with a higher number of leaves were more likely to survive acclimatization. Somaclonal variation was detected in 36.8 to even 69.1% of in vitro-derived plants by two genetic marker systems. Most of that variation was irrelevant, however, some genotypes were significantly different from the predominant control.
Visual outcomes endorse surgery of patients with spheno-orbital meningioma with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis
Authors: Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , Genders Stijn W. , van Furth Wouter R. 
Published: September 2020

Abtract
Background
Most spheno-orbital meningioma series span multiple decades, and predictors of visual outcomes have not yet been systemically assessed. We describe visual outcomes in a recent cohort and assess predictors of postoperative visual outcomes.

Methods
Consecutive case series operated by a team of a neurosurgeon and orbital surgeon between May 2015 and January 2019. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual fields (static perimetry), and relative proptosis were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 3/6/12 months after which it was assessed yearly. Predictors were assessed with linear regression analysis.

Results
Nineteen patients (all WHO grade I) were operated by the pterional approach (median follow-up 2.4 years). Preoperative visual acuity deficits (n = 10) normalized in 70% and improved in 10% (median preoperative: 0.8, postoperative: 1.2, p = 0.021). Preoperative visual field deficits (n = 8) normalized in all patients (preoperative: − 6.5 dB, postoperative: − 1.5 dB, p = 0.008). Preoperative proptosis (n = 16) normalized in 44% and improved in 56% (preoperative: 5 mm, postoperative: 2 mm, p < 0.001). BCVA and visual fields remained stable at longer follow-up in 95% of patients, while 21% showed progression of proptosis. Predictors for worse longer-term (> 12 months) BCVA were worse preoperative BCVA (p = 0.002) and diagnosis of multiple meningioma (p = 0.021). Predictors for worse longer-term visual fields were higher diameter of hyperostosis (p = 0.009) and higher Simpson grade (p = 0.032). Predictor for short-term (3 months) proptosis was preoperative proptosis (p = 0.006).

Conclusion
We recommend surgery, even of patients with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis, as patients who present with deteriorated visual function or extensive hyperostosis are less likely to have postoperative visual outcomes restored to normal.
Einfluss der Reihenfolge von Items auf die diagnostische Qualität von Vorsichtungsalgorithmen hinsichtlich der Vergabe der Sichtungskategorie I
Authors: Neidel T. , Heller A. R. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Großschadenslagen stellen den Rettungsdienst vor die Herausforderung, vielen Patienten mit begrenzten Ressourcen das Überleben zu sichern. Um hier eine Fehlverteilung von Ressourcen zu verhindern, ist eine genaue Vorsichtung essenziell. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass bei den verwendeten Vorsichtungsalgorithmen weiterhin Verbesserungsbedarf besteht.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir, welchen Einfluss eine veränderte Reihenfolge der Abfragen/Items auf die Qualität der Vorsichtungsalgorithmen hat.

Material und Methoden
Wir verwendeten eine Datenbank von 492 Luftrettungseinsätzen. Allen Patienten wurde durch eine Gruppe von Notärzten eine Referenzsichtungskategorie (SK) vergeben. Die Vorsichtungsalgorithmen mSTaRT, ASAV und PRIOR wurden in Excel-Befehle übersetzt und die SK für jeden Patienten berechnet. Anschließend rotierte die Reihenfolge der Items. Die berechneten SK wurden hinsichtlich Sensitivität, Spezifität, Unter‑/Übertriage und Youden-Index für die SK I (rot) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
mSTaRT zeigte keinerlei Veränderung der Qualität. Die Originalvariante von ASAV erreichte die beste Performance. Eine Rotation der Items führte zu einer Zunahme der Übertriage um 15 % bei sinkender Qualität. PRIOR profitierte am meisten von den Rotationen, wobei insbesondere die Variante mit einer initialen Abfrage der Gehfähigkeit zu einer Abnahme der Übertriage von 22 % führte. Dies führte zur stärksten Verbesserung des Youden-Index (+0,12).

Diskussion
Wir konnten demonstrieren, dass eine Rotation der Items innerhalb der Vorsichtungsalgorithmen ASAV und PRIOR einen Einfluss auf Über- und Untertriage hat. Insbesondere die Position der Abfrage der Gehfähigkeit hat einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Spezifität der Algorithmen.
Intensive slurry management and climate change promote nitrogen mining from organic matter-rich montane grassland soils
Authors: Schlingmann Marcus , Tobler Ursina , Berauer Bernd , Garcia-Franco Noelia , Wilfahrt Peter , Wiesmeier Martin , Jentsch Anke , Wolf Benjamin , Kiese Ralf , Dannenmann Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsConsequences of climate change and land use intensification on the nitrogen (N) cycle of organic-matter rich grassland soils in the alpine region remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify fates of fertilizer N and to determine the overall N balance of an organic-matter rich grassland in the European alpine region as influenced by intensified management and warming.MethodsWe combined15N cattle slurry labelling with a space for time climate change experiment, which was based on translocation of intact plant-soil mesocosms down an elevational gradient to induce warming of +1 °C and + 3 °C. Mesocosms were subject to either extensive or intensive management. The fate of slurry-N was traced in the plant-soil system.ResultsGrassland productivity was very high (8.2 t - 19.4 t dm ha−1 yr−1), recovery of slurry15N in mowed plant biomass was, however, low (9.6–14.7%), illustrating low fertilizer N use efficiency and high supply of plant available N via mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM). Higher15N recovery rates (20.2–31.8%) were found in the soil N pool, dominated by recovery in unextractable N. Total15N recovery was approximately half of the applied tracer, indicating substantial loss to the environment. Overall, high N export by harvest (107–360 kg N ha−1 yr−1) markedly exceeded N inputs, leading to a negative grassland N balance.ConclusionsHere provided results suggests a risk of soil N mining in montane grasslands, which increases both under climate change and land use intensification.
On solving variational inequalities defined on fixed point sets of multivalued mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Xu Hong-Kun , Muglia Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with the problem of solving variational inequalities which are defined on the set of fixed points of a multivalued nonexpansive mapping in a reflexive Banach space. Both implicit and explicit approaches are studied. Strong convergence of the implicit method is proved if the space satisfies Opial’s condition and has a duality map weakly continuous at zero, and the strong convergence of the explicit method is proved if the space has a weakly continuous duality map. An essential assumption on the multivalued nonexpansive mapping is that the mapping be single valued on its nonempty set of fixed points.
School Bullying, Perpetration, and Cyberhate: Overlapping Issues
Authors: Blaya Catherine , Audrin Catherine , Skrzypiec Grace 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an international context of increasing racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, and Islamophobia in Europe and the USA (FRA, 2013; Hawdon et al. 2015), social media provide a privileged tool for propaganda and victimization. Issues of racism and xenophobia have become more prevalent both in “real life” and on the Internet. This study presents the results of a self-reported questionnaire survey on cyberhate among 1900 French students, age 12–20, where we investigated the association between school bullying and cyberhate victimization and perpetration. Findings show that bullying and cyberhate are a common experience for quite a few young people. Structural equation models provide evidence of the association between ordinary offline victimization and involvement in cyberhate. Our findings for cyberhate provide further evidence suggesting an overlap between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. They confirm the need for further research to acquire a better understanding of the processes that underscore individual involvement in online hate in order to inform effective interventions.