bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of octreotide treatment for diazoxide‐unresponsive congenital hyperinsulinism in China
Authors: Cao Bingyan , Di Wu , Su Chang , Chen Jiajia , Liang Xuejun , Liu Min , Li Wenjing , Li Xiaoqiao , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceOctreotide is an off‐label medicine for congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), but is currently widely used for treatment of patients with CHI. Thus far, variable efficacy and adverse effects have been reported for octreotide.ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a subcutaneous octreotide injection for treatment of diazoxide‐unresponsive CHI in China.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of children with diazoxide‐unresponsive CHI who were treated with a subcutaneous octreotide injection. The efficacy and side effects of the treatment were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐five Chinese children (15 boys) were involved in the study. Their median age at diagnosis was 8 weeks (range, 1–24 weeks) and median age at the final follow‐up was 1.8 years (range, 0.3–3.3 years). Octreotide therapy effectively increased blood glucose levels in all patients. The intravenous glucose infusion rate was reduced in all patients. Twenty‐one patients gradually discontinued the intravenous glucose infusion while receiving octreotide combined with frequent carbohydrate/glucose‐rich feeding. Among patients with a monoallelic ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channel mutation, 50.0% showed gradual remission during follow up, indicating that the octreotide treatment may be a feasible alternative to surgery, especially for patients with monoallelic KATP‐channel mutations. Transient elevation of liver enzymes occurred in 20.0% of patients, while asymptomatic gallbladder pathology occurred in one patient. The growth rates of these patients were normal (height standard deviation score was 0.3 ± 1.5 at the final follow‐up).InterpretationOctreotide was a well‐tolerated, effective therapy for most children with diazoxide‐unresponsive CHI.
Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing in Hematological Diseases
Authors: Zhu Yue , Huang Yaohui , Tan Yun , Zhao Weili , Tian Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHematological diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, are characterized by high heterogeneity with diverse cellular subpopulations. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), a transformational technology, provides deep insights into cell‐to‐cell variation in tumor and microenvironment, allows high‐resolution dissection of the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, and affords potential clinical utilities. Recent developments in single‐cell transcriptomics and associated technologies and their applications in hematological disorders for unraveling cellular subpopulations, disease pathogenesis, patient stratification, and therapeutic responses are summarized.
Metal Nanoparticle–Microbe Interactions: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effects
Authors: Khan Mujeebur R. , Fromm Katharina M. , Rizvi Tanveer F. , Giese Bernd , Ahamad Faheem , Turner Raymond J. , Füeg Michael , Marsili Enrico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs), chalcogenides, and carbon quantum dots can be easily synthesized from whole microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and cell‐free sterile filtered spent medium. The particle size distribution and the biosynthesis time can be somewhat controlled through the biomass/metal solution ratio. The biosynthetic mechanism can be explained through the ion‐reduction theory and UV photoconversion theory. Formation of biosynthetic NPs is part of the detoxification strategy employed by microorganisms, either in planktonic or biofilm form, to reduce the chemical toxicity of metal ions. In fact, most reports on NP biosynthesis show extracellular metal ion reduction. This is important for environmental and industrial applications, particularly in biofilms, as it allows in principle high biosynthetic rates. The antimicrobial and antifungal effect on biosynthetic NPs can be explained in terms of reactive oxygen species and can be enhanced by the capping agents attached to the NP during the biosynthesis process. Industrial applications of NP biosynthesis are still lagging, due to the difficulty of controlling NP size and low titer. Further, the environmental assessment of biosynthetic NPs has not yet been carried out. It is expected that further advancements in biosynthetic NP research will lead to applications, particularly in environmental biotechnology.
Supply of bank loans and business debts: A view from historical bankruptcy cases
Authors: Xie Dongping , Hansen Mary Eschelbach 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs bank loans fell in the 2008 crisis, business bankruptcy increased. To study how bank loans affect business balance sheets and bankruptcy, we use new data on bankrupt businesses in Missouri between 1898 and 1942. We confirm that when banks curtail loans, courts see more bankruptcies among businesses with high exposure to bank debt. To reduce real volatility, policy‐makers can set tough bank liquidity requirements in the upswing of business cycle but allow weaker requirements in the downswing. We also find that between 1914 and 1933, businesses in St. Louis were more sensitive to changes in bank loans than businesses in Kansas City, probably due to the tight monetary policy conducted by the conservative St. Louis Fed. The Glass‐Steagall Act weakened the relationship between bank loans and business debt structure. The takeaway is that lender‐of‐last‐resort practices stabilize both the financial sector and the real economy.
Margin practices and requirements during the National Banking Era: An early example of macro‐prudential regulation
Authors: McSherry Bernard , Wilson Berry K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe New York stock market was plagued by a series of financial crises during the National Banking Era, culminating in the Panic of 1907. The traditional view holds that the crises were rooted in structural flaws related to trade settlement as well as excessive and indiscriminate margin lending that remained unaddressed until the formation of the Federal Reserve Bank. An examination of the historical record, however, shows that brokers sought to control contagion and spillover effects through reform of the settlement process and by modulating margin lending rates and maintenance requirements according to macroeconomic conditions, counterparty credit‐worthiness and market volatility. Using newly gathered archival data, we show that the New York Stock Exchange enacted macro‐prudential regulations that may have reduced the severity of crises during this period. By providing early evidence of private sector responses to rising systemic risk, the paper addresses an important aspect of early market microstructure.
Anticipating independence, no premonition of partition. The lessons of bank branch expansion on the Indian subcontinent, 1939 to 1946
Authors: Nguyen Viet , Wolcott Susan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine investment in bank branches on the Indian subcontinent in 1939 and 1946. In 1947, the states of India and Pakistan were created from the erstwhile colony of British India. Partition was destabilizing to both economies. We use branch expansion as a proxy for entrepreneur's pre‐partition predictions of the future of these regions. Our results indicate there were no premonitions of economic dislocation. Banks tended to deepen their presence in regions which were already developed. But controlling for the level of 1931 development, branch placement was highest in exactly those regions, Bengal and the Punjab, which were to experience the greatest negative consequences from political division. After 1947, multiple banks failed; most failing banks were registered in the Punjab or Bengal region. In United India, businessmen saw as much promise in regions which were to become Pakistan as in regions which were to become India. After partition, the Pakistan regions were immediately more economically fragile. This event provides a general lesson. Economic integration had intensified over the years of British rule. The abrupt stop to integration harmed especially the smaller, less diversified region. Politicians should be wary of politically dividing regions which have evolved to function as integrated economic units.
Post‐financial crisis changes in financial system structure: An examination of the J.P. Morgan & Co. Syndicates after the 1907 Panic
Authors: Rodgers Mary T. , Payne James E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the post‐2008 crisis period, policy makers debate the implications of banking system concentration. To shed light on this debate, we study a postcrisis period in which less banking regulation existed than in the present period, reasoning that an examination of a less regulated market might reveal useful insights about present day market agents' postcrisis actions. The years immediately following the Panic of 1907 merit study because the period shares important features with the post‐2008 crisis financial system: increasing interconnectedness, the growing complexity accompanying the rise of new industries, the rapid deployment of new communications technologies, and substantial innovation in financial instruments. Because the 1907 crisis preceded the Clayton Anti‐Trust Act of 1914, it also provides a window into studying market agents' behavior before legislation was enacted to discourage banking system concentration. We find evidence that the market share of corporate bond underwritings at J.P. Morgan & Co. increased in the post‐1907 crisis period. We suggest a mechanism by which market share increased: a more concentrated configuration of corporate bond underwriting syndicates. We also indicate that Morgan's increased share may have been a proxy for increased certification value of underwriter reputation because of systemic knowledge Morgan gained during the resolution of the Panic of 1907 rather than for increasing bargaining power. We do not find evidence that Morgan used market power to extract rents from issuers despite increased market share and more concentrated syndicate organization. While our results must be interpreted cautiously due to data limitations, possible lessons for present‐day policy makers are that consolidations in the financial system after a financial crisis are complex. Some consolidations may come about from information and reputational gains produced during the crisis. Others may be moves by some firms to concentrate market power and still others from efforts to improve efficiencies in intermediation.
Risk factors of subclinical hypothyroidism and the potential contribution to miscarriage: A review
Authors: So Shuhei , Tawara Fumiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no clear cutoff value for thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level that defines subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Moreover, TSH levels can be affected by numerous factors. Although mild SCH has been implicated in miscarriage, the relationship between TSH levels and miscarriage remains unelucidated.MethodsWe reviewed nine known risk factors affecting TSH levels and 28 studies investigating the potential association between mild SCH and miscarriage, examining whether these factors were considered.Main findingsAmong 28 studies that examined whether mild SCH (TSH > 2.5 mIU/L) contributed to miscarriage, thyroid antibodies were measured in only 15. TSH measurement methods were described in 18 studies. Although the iodinated contrast medium used in hysterosalpingography (HSG) is stored in the body for a long time and is a risk factor for mild SCH, only one study described its potential impact on TSH levels. Nine studies, which concluded that mild SCH contributed to miscarriage, had thyroid status evaluated only after the onset of pregnancy, but not before.ConclusionTSH levels can be significantly affected by patient demographics and health history, country of origin, and fertility treatment. It is important to consider these factors while evaluating mild SCH. It remains unclear how mild SCH contributes to miscarriage.
Functional restoration of ex vivo model of pylorus: Co-injection of neural progenitor cells and interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Dadhich Prabhash , Bitar Khalil N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells is a promising approach in treatment of intestinal dysfunctionality. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are also critical in conditions such as pyloric dysfunctionality and gastroparesis. The objective of this study was to replenish neurons and ICCs in a dysfunctional pylorus as cell-based therapy to restore functionality. ICCs and enteric neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were isolated from rat duodenum and transduced with fluorescent proteins. Rat pylorus was harvested, and an ex-vivo neuromuscular dysfunctional model was developed by selective ablation of neurons and ICCs via chemical treatments. Cellular repopulation and restoration of motility were assessed by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and functional analysis after delivery of fluorescently tagged cells. Chemical treatment of pylorus resulted in significant depletion of ICCs (67%, P = .0024; n = 3) and neural cells (83%, P = .0012; n = 3). Delivered ICCs and NPCs survived and integrated with host muscle layers. Co-injection of ICCs with NPCs exhibited 34.4% (P = .0004; n = 3) and 61.0% (P = .0003; n = 3) upregulation of ANO1 and βIII tubulin, respectively. This regeneration resulted in the restoration of agonist-induced excitatory contraction (82%) and neuron evoked relaxation (83%). The functional studies with specific neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase blocker confirmed that restoration of relaxation was NO mediated and neuronally derived. The simultaneous delivery of ICCs observed 35.7% higher neuronal differentiation and functional restoration compared with injection of NPCs alone. Injected NPCs and ICCs integrated into the dysfunctional ex vivo pylorus tissues and restored neuromuscular functionality. The co-transplantation of NPCs and ICCs can be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders of the pylorus.

Significance statement In regenerative medicine, it is possible to use the patient’s own interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to be injected into the pylorus as cellular therapy. The functional ex vivo diseased model of the pylorus was developed, and ICCs and NPCs delivered as treatments for neuromuscular dysfunctionality. Detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis confirmed reinstatement and restoration of functionality. The current preliminary study with the ex vivo diseased model proposed the next level of cell therapy for the treatment of gastroparesis.
Spectroscopic, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Molecular Docking Studies on Potent Anti‐Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity Methyl 3‐methyl‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylcarbonyl)amino)Benzoate
Authors: Eşme Aslı 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe spectral analysis of methyl 3‐methyl‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylcarbonyl)amino)benzoate (L1) is investigated using the FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR and UV‐Vis analysis using the DFT methods (B3LYP and PBEPBE) with the 6‐311+G(d,p) basis set. The Hirshfeld and fingerprint analyses were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The vibrational wavenumbers were fulfilled in the form of potential energy distribution. The absorption wavelengths, excitation energies, and oscillator strengths for the UV‐Vis were performed by the TD‐DFT calculations in the gas phase and DMSO, chloroform solvents with the major contributions to the electronic transitions. The chemical shifts values of the NMR in CDCl3 solvent were computed using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with the experimental data. The NLO properties such as mean polarizability, the anisotropy of the polarizability and the mean first‐order hyperpolarizability were computed by using the finite field method. The high β values (2.617×10−30 and 6.481×10−30 esu using the B3LYP and PBEPBE) indicate that a title compound is an attractive object for NLO properties. Reduced density gradient was also given to study the weak interaction, strong attraction, and strong repulsion interactions of the molecule. Molecular docking studies with different receptors (3IX3, 3UW8, and 1P93) have been performed to demonstrate that L1 has good anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity.
Scalable Synthesis of Micron Size Crystals of CH3NH3PbI3 at Room Temperature in Acetonitrile via Rapid Reactive Crystallization
Authors: Berhe Taame A. , Su Wei‐Nien , Cheng Ju‐Hsiang , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Ibrahim Kassa B. , Kahsay Amaha W. , Lin Li Chia , Tripathi Alok M. , Tang Mau‐Tsu , Hwang Bing‐Joe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrom application point of view, scalable, facile and rapid synthesis method for mass production of a homogeneous and phase pure CH3NH3PbI3 micron size crystal at the industry level is still highly required, although it has been claimed that the CH3NH3PbI3 crystals can be prepared by solution‐annealing the precursors at elevated temperature or prolonged reaction time. Herein, polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 micron size crystals can be prepared by reactive crystallization of PbI2 and CH3NH3I in a stoichiometric ratio at room temperature. TXM (Transmission X‐ray Microscopy), optical microscope, TEM and TEM‐EDX analysis were used to confirm the nature of the CH3NH3PbI3 product. Moreover, Ostwald ripening of iodide ion into PbI2 is proposed as the key step to form 3D PbI3−, followed by the intercalation of CH3NH3+ for this reactive crystallization. Interestingly, this result suggests that industry level mass production of micron CH3NH3PbI3 crystals is possible with this novel synthesis method.
Thermally Conductive and Shape‐Stabilized Polyethylene Glycol/Carbon Foam Phase‐Change Composites for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Lin Fankai , Zhang Weiyi , Shi Tengteng , Lv Zhenfei , Min Xin , Fang Minghao , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Yan'gai , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhase‐change materials (PCMs) have been widely investigated as candidates for thermal energy storage and solar thermal energy conversion. However, low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability during phase transition processes are detrimental to their practical applications. In this study, we designed composite PCMs based on carbon foam (CF) via the vacuum impregnation method to overcome these problems. CF with 3D interconnected microporous structures and good compressive strength was fabricated from phenolic resin (PF) using a combined process of carbonization and sacrificial template techniques. The developer material is considered a promising support material for PCMs. The as‐prepared polyethylene glycol/CF composite (PCC) exhibited a high energy‐storage density with a melting enthalpy of 135.7 J/g, and the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 109.8% compared to that of pure polyethylene glycol. In addition, the PCC showed excellent thermal stability and leakage‐proof performance after 100 heating/cooling cycles and good compressive strength. Because of the simple preparation process and low cost, PCC is a promising material for various thermal energy storage applications, especially in building energy storage systems.
Exploring Metal Ion Adsorption and Antifungal Properties of Carbon‐Coated Magnetite Composite
Authors: Malik Lateef A. , Bashir Arshid , Ahmad Nusrat , Qureashi Aaliya , Pandith Altaf H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanoparticles have earned huge research interest due to their well known characteristics such as high specific surface, minimal environmental impact, ease in surface modification and low solubility in water. As a result, such materials have been used effectively to remove toxic metal ions from wastewater. Their adsorption potential has been further improved by modifying their surfaces by various means. In one such attempt, we have successfully synthesized magnetite and modified its surface by carbon while using glucose carbonization method. The as‐synthesized carbon coated magnetite (Mag@C) composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the results were further supported by Energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Zetastudies and X‐ray diffraction crystallography (XRD) like techniques. The Adsorption properties of Mag@C were explored for the removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions where a promising adsorption performance towards these metal ions with maximum adsorption capacities of 127.3 mg/g and 103 mg/g for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions, respectively, was obtained. The material was also examined for its antifungal properties towards Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum, two toxic species of fungi and a good fungicidal property of the composite material was observed. Adual application of Mag@C makes it as a useful material in the process of waste water treatment.
Shewanella oneidensis Assisted Biosynthesis of Pd/Reductive‐Graphene‐Oxide Nanocomposites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Wei , Mi Jian‐Li , Shen Qian‐Cen , Yong Yang‐Chun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiological synthesis of green nanomaterials holds great promise for sustainable catalysis with versatile applications. Herein, Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 is used to develop a green method to synthesize Pd/reductive graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites without the addition of toxic reducing agents. It was found that S. oneidensis MR‐1 cells could efficiently reduce graphene oxide to rGO and synthesize Pd nanoparticles that uniformly dispersed on the rGO nanosheets. More strikingly, the addition of GO greatly increases the recovery rate of Pd from 37.8 % to 90.4 %. After carbonization, the biosynthesized Pd/rGO nanocomposites exhibits promising catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction with an onset potential of 0.92 V, a half‐wave potential of 0.81 V, and a limiting current density of 5.2 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides a simple, “green”, and cost‐effective method for the preparation of graphene supported nanocomposites with extended applications.
Associations among patient care workers' schedule control, sleep, job satisfaction and turnover intentions
Authors: Brossoit Rebecca M. , Crain Tori L. , Hammer Leslie B. , Lee Soomi , Bodner Todd E. , Buxton Orfeu M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHealthcare is the fastest growing occupational sector in America, yet patient care workers experience low job satisfaction, high turnover, and susceptibility to poor sleep compared to workers in other jobs and industries. Increasing schedule control may be one way to help mitigate these issues. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we evaluate associations among schedule control (i.e. a contextual resource), employee sleep duration and quality (i.e. personal resources), job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Patient care workers who reported having more schedule control at baseline reported greater sleep duration and sleep quality 6 months later, as well as higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions 12 months later. Workers who experienced greater sleep sufficiency (i.e. feeling well‐rested) reported higher job satisfaction 6 months later, and workers who experienced fewer insomnia symptoms (i.e. trouble falling and staying asleep) reported lower turnover intentions 6 months later. The association between schedule control and job satisfaction was partially mediated by greater sleep sufficiency, though this effect was small. Providing patient care workers with greater control over their work schedules and opportunities for improved sleep may improve their job attitudes. Results were not replicated when different analytical approaches were performed, so findings should be interpreted provisionally.