bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Revolving Door Flap: Revisiting an Elegant but Forgotten Flap for Ear Defect Reconstruction
Authors: Golash Anupam , Bera Sudipta , Kanoi Aditya V. , Golash Abhijit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The revolving door flap, although well described in the literature, is not widely used in general plastic surgery practice. The flap has been used for anterior auricular and conchal defects and is considered elegant for its unique flap design and peculiarity of flap harvest. However, due to its use for a very specific purpose and unique flap harvest technique that may be difficult to grasp, the flap is not very popular in reconstructive practice.
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the understanding and learning curve of the revolving door flap, assess surgical outcome, and reemphasize its utility and elegance in reconstruction of ear defects.
Methodology This is a case series of nine surgeries performed between January 2014 and 2018. Three cases were performed by the senior author and six cases by two junior authors. Patients were observed for complications and aesthetic outcomes.
Results The mean dimension of the flaps was 27.22 mm × 22.78 mm. The mean operative time was 56.56 minutes (standard deviation 22.50, standard error of the mean 7.5). Flap congestion was noted in three cases postoperatively which resolved completely by the second week. Major “pinning” of the ear was noted in four cases.
Conclusion Though infrequently performed, the revolving door flap has an easy learning curve once the proper harvest technique and flap movement has been grasped. The flap harvest is convenient, safe, and yields predictable results. Not only is total or partial flap loss extremely rare, the flap is sensate, color match is good, auricular contour is maintained, and the donor site can be closed primarily and remains well hidden.
Nanodot array deposition via single shot laser interference pattern using laser-induced forward transfer
Authors: Nakata Yoshiki , Hayashi Eiki , Tsubakimoto Koji , Miyanaga Noriaki , Narazaki Aiko , Shoji Tatsuya , Tsuboi Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a direct-writing technique capable of depositing a single dot smaller than the laser wavelength at small shot energy through the laser-induced dot transfer (LIDT) technique. To deposit a single nanodot in a single shot of laser irradiation, a liquid nanodrop is transferred from donor to receiver and finally solidified via a solid–liquid–solid (SLS) process. In conventional LIDT experiments, multi-shots with step scanning have been used to form array structures. However, interference laser processing can achieve an arrayed process and generate a periodic structure in a single shot. In this study, a femtosecond laser interference pattern was first applied to LIDT, and an array of nanodots was successfully deposited in a single shot, producing the following unit structures: a single dot, adjoining dots, and stacking dots. The diameter of the smallest nanodot was 355 nm, and the narrowest gap between two adjoining nanodots was 17.2 nm. The LIDT technique produces high-purity, catalyst-free that do not require post-cleaning or alignment processes. Given these significant advantages, LIDT can expand the usability of nanodots in a wide range of fields.
Evidence of burnout in critical care pharmacists
Authors: Ball Amanda M , Schultheis Jennifer , Lee Hui-Jie , Bush Paul W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Studies of critical care physicians and nursing personnel indicate a potentially high rate of burnout. To date there is a paucity of data in critical care pharmacists assessing burnout in this group. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of risk of burnout in critical care pharmacists.

Methods
Critical care pharmacists were solicited via email to complete an anonymous, electronic questionnaire regarding burnout. Subject demographic and employment characteristics were collected along with the validated, 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory Health Services Survey in the study cohort. Burnout was assessed from 3 aspects, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. High degree of burnout was defined as a score &gt;27 in emotional exhaustion, or score &gt;10 in depersonalization, or score &lt;33 in personal achievement. Risk factors of burnout were evaluated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results
Out of 3,140 critical care pharmacists, 193 (6.1%) completed surveys. The mean scores were 25.3, 7.5, and 36.7 for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement, respectively. Overall, 123 pharmacists (64%) reported at least one syndrome of burnout, and 28 pharmacists (14.5%) reported burnout in all 3 scales. No single risk factor was identified to be associated with the risk of burnout.

Conclusion
Risk of burnout is high in critical care pharmacists, at 64%, and is comparable to the risk in other critical care practitioner groups. This emphasizes the importance of continuing to evaluate risk factors for burnout and providing resources for burnout prevention to high-risk practitioners.
Accurate multistage prediction of protein crystallization propensity using deep-cascade forest with sequence-based features
Authors: Zhu Yi-Heng , Hu Jun , Ge Fang , Li Fuyi , Song Jiangning , Zhang Yang , Yu Dong-Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
X-ray crystallography is the major approach for determining atomic-level protein structures. Because not all proteins can be easily crystallized, accurate prediction of protein crystallization propensity provides critical help in guiding experimental design and improving the success rate of X-ray crystallography experiments. This study has developed a new machine-learning-based pipeline that uses a newly developed deep-cascade forest (DCF) model with multiple types of sequence-based features to predict protein crystallization propensity. Based on the developed pipeline, two new protein crystallization propensity predictors, denoted as DCFCrystal and MDCFCrystal, have been implemented. DCFCrystal is a multistage predictor that can estimate the success propensities of the three individual steps (production of protein material, purification and production of crystals) in the protein crystallization process. MDCFCrystal is a single-stage predictor that aims to estimate the probability that a protein will pass through the entire crystallization process. Moreover, DCFCrystal is designed for general proteins, whereas MDCFCrystal is specially designed for membrane proteins, which are notoriously difficult to crystalize. DCFCrystal and MDCFCrystal were separately tested on two benchmark datasets consisting of 12 289 and 950 proteins, respectively, with known crystallization results from various experimental records. The experimental results demonstrated that DCFCrystal and MDCFCrystal increased the value of Matthew’s correlation coefficient by 199.7% and 77.8%, respectively, compared to the best of other state-of-the-art protein crystallization propensity predictors. Detailed analyses show that the major advantages of DCFCrystal and MDCFCrystal lie in the efficiency of the DCF model and the sensitivity of the sequence-based features used, especially the newly designed pseudo-predicted hybrid solvent accessibility (PsePHSA) feature, which improves crystallization recognition by incorporating sequence-order information with solvent accessibility of residues. Meanwhile, the new crystal-dataset constructions help to train the models with more comprehensive crystallization knowledge.
From quail to earthquakes and human conflict: a historical perspective of rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Aleckovic-Halilovic Mirna , Pjanic Mirha , Mesic Enisa , Storrar Joshua , Woywodt Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a common cause of acute kidney injury, featuring muscle pain, weakness and dark urine and concurrent laboratory evidence of elevated muscle enzymes and myoglobinuria. Rhabdomyolysis is often seen in elderly and frail patients following prolonged immobilization, for example after a fall, but a variety of other causes are also well-described. What is unknown to most physicians dealing with such patients is the fascinating history of rhabdomyolysis. Cases of probable rhabdomyolysis have been reported since biblical times and during antiquity, often in the context of poisoning. Equally interesting is the link between rhabdomyolysis and armed conflict during the 20th century. Salient discoveries regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment were made during the two world wars and in their aftermath. ‘Haff disease’, a form of rhabdomyolysis first described in 1920, has fascinated scientists and physicians alike, but the marine toxin causing it remains enigmatic even today. As a specialty, we have also learned a lot about the disease from 20th-century earthquakes, and networks of international help and cooperation have emerged. Finally, rhabdomyolysis has been described as a sequel to torture and similar forms of violence. Clinicians should be aware that rhabdomyolysis and the development of renal medicine are deeply intertwined with human history.
Trends and Characteristics of Clinical Trials Participation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States: A Report From IBD Partners
Authors: Johnson Cole , Barnes Edward L , Zhang Xian , Long Millie D 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are currently several recruitment challenges in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which prolong the drug approval process and affect the generalizability of study results. The purpose of this study is to characterize individuals who participate in IBD RCTs and identify factors that could influence future recruitment strategies.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study within the IBD Partners cohort comparing patients with current or prior participation in an RCT of medical therapy for IBD to those without any RCT participation. Bivariate statistics were used to compare RCT participation by IBD subtype and by other demographic and disease characteristics, and predictive modeling was used to identify factors predictive of RCT participation. We calculated the percent of the cohort that participated in an RCT during each calendar year from 2011 to 2018 and accessed Clinicaltrials.gov to determine the number of active RCTs for IBD therapies per year during that same period.ResultsA total of 14,747 patients with IBD were included in the analysis and 1116 (7.6%) reported RCT participation at any time. Demographic factors predictive of RCT participation included following at an academic institution [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–2.04) and age 36–75 (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.46–1.92). Patients with Crohn’s disease were more likely to participate than those with ulcerative colitis (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.35–1.77). Patients with more severe disease were more likely to participate, including those with prior IBD-related hospitalization (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.19–2.99), IBD-related surgery (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 2.24–2.87), biologic exposure (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 2.76–3.65), and “Poor” or worse quality of life (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.45–1.93). Steroid-free remission was associated with a lower likelihood of RCT participation (OR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.53–0.70). Although the number of active RCTs for IBD more than doubled between 2011 and 2018, RCT participation rates during that same time period decreased from 1.1% to 0.7% of the cohort.ConclusionsRCT participation declined within this cohort. Groups underrepresented in RCTs for IBD included younger patients, patients followed in community settings, and patients with more mild disease. The non-RCT group had mean disease activity scores that did not meet remission thresholds, demonstrating populations in need of alternate therapies for whom clinical trials could be an option. Given anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exposure rates in this national cohort, studies should focus on anti-TNF failure populations. Investigators should make every effort to offer RCTs to all patients and network with community providers to increase awareness of RCTs.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals profound changes in circulating immune cells in patients with heart failure
Authors: Abplanalp Wesley T , John David , Cremer Sebastian , Assmus Birgit , Dorsheimer Lena , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Becker-Pergola Graziella , Rieger Michael A , Zeiher Andreas M , Vasa-Nicotera Mariuca , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsIdentification of signatures of immune cells at single-cell level may provide novel insights into changes of immune-related disorders. Therefore, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to determine the impact of heart failure on circulating immune cells.Methods and resultsWe demonstrate a significant change in monocyte to T-cell ratio in patients with heart failure, compared to healthy subjects, which were validated by flow cytometry analysis. Subclustering of monocytes and stratification of the clusters according to relative CD14 and FCGR3A (CD16) expression allowed annotation of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes. Heart failure had a specific impact on the gene expression patterns in these subpopulations. Metabolically active genes such as FABP5 were highly enriched in classical monocytes of heart failure patients, whereas β-catenin expression was significantly higher in intermediate monocytes. The selective regulation of signatures in the monocyte subpopulations was validated by classical and multifactor dimensionality reduction flow cytometry analyses.ConclusionTogether this study shows that circulating cells derived from patients with heart failure have altered phenotypes. These data provide a rich source for identification of signatures of immune cells in heart failure compared to healthy subjects. The observed increase in FABP5 and signatures of Wnt signalling may contribute to enhanced monocyte activation.
The unknown Baranov. Forty years of polemics over the formal theory of the life of fishes
Authors: Sharov Alexei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The year 2018 marked the 100th anniversary of the publication of paper “On the question of the biological basis of fisheries” by F.I. Baranov considered a cornerstone paper of modern fishery science. Baranov formalized population dynamics by describing changes in population abundance using differential equations, introducing the concept of instantaneous fishing and natural mortality rates, and developing his catch equation, which is the foundation of most modern age-structured stock assessment models. Baranov was the first to show the effect of fishing on population structure based on theoretical grounds. At the time of its publication, Baranov’s paper did not receive much attention in Russia and was completely unknown to scientists in the West. The second publication (On the question of the dynamics of the fishing industry, 1925) received substantial criticism from many and sparked a furious debate between Baranov and his opponents that lasted for several decades. The history and content of those debates, expressed in multiple papers by Baranov, is still largely unknown. I describe the essence of arguments by Baranov and his opponents. The story of these scientific debates reveals how different philosophical concepts and dominant points of view evolved through time.
The Cruel Optimism of Militarism: Feminist Curiosity, Affect, and Global Security
Authors: Chisholm Amanda , Ketola Hanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article asks: why do communities located at the periphery of the global security market continue to participate, even when they gain the least economically and politically? To answer this, we explore how militarism—an affectively felt logic that understands military service as desirable and/or inevitable—manifests through both affective relations and colonial structures. We focus on Gurkha communities in Nepal with a colonial military heritage of two hundred years with the British. Feminist and postcolonial research on militaries has demonstrated how war and global insecurity is framed through gendered colonial economies and discursive logics, shaping military systems and subjects. Yet what remains underexplored is the affective dimension of how militarism operates within, and in relation to, militarized communities outside the “West” whose identities and material conditions are structured through colonial histories. To address this gap, we operationalize Lauren Berlant's (2011) concept of cruel optimism to capture why these communities stay attached to militarism when the costs abound. We argue that militarism within the Gurkha context is both affectively felt and structurally experienced in such a way that it renders a military pathway to a good life as natural and desirable, despite evidence of the fragility and impossibility of pursuing this path.
Maternal arginine supplementation enhances thermogenesis in the newborn lamb
Authors: McKnight Sorin M , Simmons Rebecca M , Wu Guoyao , Satterfield M Carey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Body temperature maintenance is one of the most important physiological processes initiated after birth. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an essential mediator of thermogenesis in many species and is responsible for 50% of the heat generated in the newborn lamb. To determine if maternal arginine supplementation could enhance thermogenesis in the neonate, we randomly assigned 31 multiparous Suffolk ewes, gestating singletons or twins, to receive intravenous injections of either l-arginine (27 mg/kg body weight; n = 17) or sterile saline (n = 14) three times daily from day 75 to 125 of gestation (term = 147). Following parturition, lambs were removed from their mothers and subjected to 0 °C cold challenges at 4 and 22 h of age. Rectal temperatures were higher for the duration of the cold challenges in lambs from arginine-treated ewes compared with lambs from saline-treated ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Elevated rectal temperatures were associated with increased (P &lt; 0.05) circulating glycine and serine concentrations in lambs. The mRNA expression of genes related to BAT function changed over time, but not between lambs from arginine-treated vs. saline-treated ewes. Results indicate that maternal arginine treatment increases neonatal thermogenesis after birth. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these data are a first step in improving neonatal survival in response to cold.
The use of an alternative feed additive, containing benzoic acid, thymol, eugenol, and piperine, improved growth performance, nutrient and energy digestibility, and gut health in weaned piglets
Authors: Silva Júnior Cláudio D , Martins Cláudia C S , Dias Francine T F , Sitanaka Natália Y , Ferracioli Letícia B , Moraes José E , Pizzolante Carla C , Budiño Fábio E L , Pereira Rafaela , Tizioto Polyana , Paula Vinicius R C , Coutinho Luiz L , Ruiz Urbano S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research evaluated a feed additive (benzoic acid, eugenol, thymol, and piperine), associated or not with colistin, in weaned piglets feeding. The parameters evaluated were growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, relative weights of digestive organs, microbial diversity, and the percentages of operational taxonomic units of microorganisms in the cecum content of pigs. One-hundred and eight crossbred piglets (5.3 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a three-phase feeding program (21 to 35, 36 to 50, 51 to 65 d of age) and fed a control diet with no inclusion of growth promoter feed additive, a diet with 40 ppm of colistin, a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive, and a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive and 40 ppm of colistin. The diets were based on corn, soybean meal, dairy products, and spray-dried blood plasma and formulated to provide 3.40, 3.38, and 3.20 Mcal of ME/kg and 14.5, 13.3, and 10.9 g/kg of digestible lysine, in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The piglets were housed three per pen, with nine replicates per diet, in a complete randomized block design based on initial BW. The data were submitted to ANOVA and means were separated by Tukey test (5%), using SAS. Pigs fed diets with the alternative feed additive had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (114.3 vs. 91.8 g) and ADFI (190.1 vs. 163.3 g) in phase 1 than pigs fed diets without the product. The alternative additive improved (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of crude protein (CP) in phase 1 (71.0% vs. 68.6%), gross energy in phases 1 (77.4% vs. 75.2%) and 3 (79.0% vs. 77.1%), and dry matter in phase 3 (79.1% vs. 77.1%). The antibiotic inclusion in the diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of CP in phase 1 (71.5% vs. 68.2%). The alternative feed additive tended (P = 0.06) to increase (46%) normal feces frequency, decreased (P &lt; 0.05) goblet cells count (104.3 vs. 118.1) in the jejunum, and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) small intestine (4.60% vs. 4.93%) and colon (1.41% vs. 1.65%) relative weights, compared with pigs not fed with the alternative additive. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a lower concentration of Escherichia–Shigella (1.46% vs. 3.5%) and lower (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of Campylobacter (0.52% vs. 10.21%) in the cecum content of piglets fed diets containing essential oils and benzoic acid compared with pigs fed diets without the alternative feed additive. The alternative feed additive was effective in improving growth performance, diets digestibility, and gut health in piglets soon after weaning.
Insecticide Responses in the Collembola Pest, Sminthurus viridis (Collembola: Sminthuridae), in Australia
Authors: Arthur Aston L , Babineau Marielle , Umina Paul A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis Linnaeus) is an important establishment pest of winter grain crops and pastures in Australia. Control of S. viridis largely relies on the application of insecticides through foliar sprays or seed treatments; however, in recent years, farmers have faced increasing difficulties managing this pest. This is likely due to their high inherent tolerance to certain chemicals, although there are increasing concerns around emerging resistance. Despite this, there have been no studies worldwide investigating insecticide sensitivity shifts on S. viridis. Further, there is currently no established method to test the response of S. viridis to neonicotinoids, which are now widely used to protect many crops attacked by this species. Here, we established a robust and sensitive bioassay methodology to test neonicotinoids against S. viridis. We also generated important sensitivity data for the first time across multiple S. viridis populations from geographically distinct regions in Australia to two commonly used insecticides, omethoate, and imidacloprid. While there was variation in responses between populations for both chemicals, there is no evidence to suggest insecticide resistance has evolved in the field. This study is an important step for future monitoring of insecticide resistance in S. viridis, particularly given the considerable selection pressure imposed on this pest in Australia and its purported high-risk of evolving resistance.
Piety in Print: The Vaishnava Periodicals of Colonial Bengal
Authors: Dey Santanu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The voluminous corpus of Bengali Vaishnava periodical literature remains largely untapped in scholarship on Bengali Vaishnavism and colonial Hinduism more broadly. This article explores a range of Bengali Vaishnava periodicals from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in order to understand the complex ways in which educated Vaishnavas sought to forge points of convergence for Vaishnava culture within the colonial Bengali public sphere. The ensuing investigation will, it is hoped, demonstrate both the centrality and versatility of the role of the periodical in the broad and multiplex program of Vaishnava retrieval in colonial Bengal.