bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral deformation behavior of eccentrically loaded slender RC columns with different levels of rotational end restraint at elevated temperatures
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
In literature, previous studies have focused on analyzing rienforced concrete (RC) columns with idealized end conditions when subjected to fire. In nature, full fixity or free rotation at column ends is not attained. Such ends may be considered partially restrained in rotation. This paper aims to shed a new light on the effect of different degrees of rotational restraint on the lateral deformation behavior of slender heated RC columns subjected to non-linear strain distributions produced by a time-dependent temperature history.

Design/methodology/approach
To find the strain distribution on the cross section, an iterative technique is adopted using Newton–Raphson method. By introducing a reliable calculation procedure, the lateral deformational behavior is expressed using numerical and searching techniques. A methodology is presented to calculate the effective length factor for RC columns at elevated temperature.

Findings
The results of the proposed model showed good agreement with available experimental test results. It was also found that the variation of rotational end restraint level has a considerable effect on the lateral deformation behavior of heated slender RC columns. In addition, the effectiveness and the validity of an analytical model should be verified by simultaneously validating the axial and lateral deformations. Moreover, the effective length factor for heated column is higher than that for the corresponding column at ambient temperature.

Originality/value
This paper shows the impact of different boundary conditions on the behavior of heated slender RC columns. It suggests powerful techniques to determine the lateral deflection and the effective length factor at high temperatures.
Analysing the voice of customers by a hybrid fuzzy decision-making approach in a developing country's automotive market
Authors: Amoozad Mahdiraji Hannan , Hafeez Khalid , Kord Hamidreza , Abbasi Kamardi AliAsghar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper analyses the voice of customers (VoCs) using a hybrid clustering multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. The proposed method serves as an efficient tool for how to approach multiple decision-making involving a large set of countrywide customer complaints in the Iranian automotive sector.Design/methodology/approachThe countrywide data comprising 3,342 customer complaints (VoCs) were gathered. A total of seven determinant complaint criteria were identified in brainstorming sessions with three groups (six each) of experts employing the fuzzy Delphi method. The weights of these criteria were assigned by applying the fuzzy best–worst method (FBWM) to identify the severity of the complaints. Subsequently, the complaints were clustered into five categories with respective customer locations (province), car type and manufacturer using the K-mean method and further prioritised and ranked employing the fuzzy complex proportional assessment of alternatives (FCOPRAS) method.FindingsThe results indicated that the majority of complaints (1,027) from the various regions of the country belonged to one specific model of car made by a particular producer. The analyses revealed that only a few complaints were related to product quality, with the majority related to service and financial processes including delays in automobile delivery, delays in calculating monthly instalments, price variation, failure to provide a registration ( licence) and failure to supply the agreed product. The proposed method is an efficient way to solve large-scale multidimensional problems and provide a robust and reliable set of results.Practical implicationsThe proposed method makes it much easier for management to deal with complaints by significantly reducing their number. The highest-ranked complaints from customers of the car industry in Iran are those related to delivery time, price alternations, customer service support and quality issues. Surveying the list of complaints shows that paying attention to the four most voiced complaints can reduce them more than 54%. Management can make appropriate strategies to improve the production quality as well as business processes, thus producing a significant number of customer complaints.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a comprehensive approach to critically analyse the VoCs by combining qualitative and decision-making approaches including K-mean, FCOPRAS, fuzzy Delphi and FBWM. This is the first paper that analyses the VoCs in the automotive sector in a developing country’s context involving large-scale decision-making problem-solving.
Using modern low‐oxygen marine ecosystems to understand the nitrogen cycle of the Paleo‐ and Mesoproterozoic oceans
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A. , Stüeken Eva E. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDuring the productive Paleoproterozoic (2.4–1.8 Ga) and less productive Mesoproterozoic (1.8–1.0 Ga), the ocean was suboxic to anoxic and multicellular organisms had not yet evolved. Here, we link geologic information about the Proterozoic ocean to microbial processes in modern low‐oxygen systems. High iron concentrations and rates of Fe cycling in the Proterozoic are the largest differences from modern oxygen‐deficient zones. In anoxic waters, which composed most of the Paleoproterozoic and ~40% of the Mesoproterozoic ocean, nitrogen cycling dominated. Rates of N2production by denitrification and anammox were likely linked to sinking organic matter fluxes andin situprimary productivity under anoxic conditions. Additionally autotrophic denitrifiers could have used reduced iron or methane. 50% of the Mesoproterozoic ocean may have been suboxic, promoting nitrification and metal oxidation in the suboxic water and N2O and N2production by partial and complete denitrification in anoxic zones in organic aggregates. Sulfidic conditions may have composed ~10% of the Mesoproterozoic ocean focused along continental margins. Due to low nitrate concentrations in offshore regions, anammox bacteria likely dominated N2production immediately above sulfidic zones, but in coastal regions, higher nitrate concentrations probably promoted complete S‐oxidizing autotrophic denitrification at the sulfide interface.
Fungal volatiles mediate cheese rind microbiome assembly
Authors: Cosetta Casey M. , Kfoury Nicole , Robbat Albert , Wolfe Benjamin E. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn vitro studies in plant, soil, and human systems have shown that microbial volatiles can mediate microbe–microbe or microbe–host interactions. These previous studies have often used artificially high concentrations of volatiles compared to in situ systems and have not demonstrated the roles volatiles play in mediating community‐level dynamics. We used the notoriously volatile cheese rind microbiome to identify bacteria responsive to volatiles produced by five widespread cheese fungi. Vibrio casei had the strongest growth stimulation when exposed to all fungi. In multispecies community experiments, fungal volatiles caused a shift to a Vibrio‐dominated community, potentially explaining the widespread occurrence of Vibrio in surface‐ripened cheeses. RNA sequencing identified activation of the glyoxylate shunt as a possible mechanism underlying volatile‐mediated growth promotion and community assembly. Our study demonstrates how airborne chemicals could be used to control the composition of microbiomes and illustrates how volatiles may impact the development of cheese rinds.
Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of food bioactive compounds; overview and assessment by in vitro methods
Authors: Dima Cristian , Assadpour Elham , Dima Stefan , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOral bioavailability is the key to the bioefficiency of food bioactive ingredients; it evaluates the relationship between foods and their health benefits. The analysis of the main factors limiting the oral bioavailability (bioaccessibility, absorption, and transformation) has led to the proposal of classification systems for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals (Biopharmaceuticals Classification System and Nutraceutical Bioavailability Classification Scheme). Based on the relevant studies published in the last decade, this review presents the essential aspects regarding the factors limiting the oral bioavailability of the biocomponents and different in vitro methods used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of biocomponents, particularly encapsulated bioactive compounds. Oral bioavailability investigated by in vitro studies provides the food and drug manufacturers with information to formulate delivery systems more efficiently and to determine the dosage of biocomponents for increase the health benefits and avoid or reduce the risk of toxicity.
Marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects
Authors: Sun Huihui , Gao Li , Xue Changhu , Mao Xiangzhao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes have recently been studied extensively. They are particularly interesting as they catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharide macromolecules and produce oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. Numerous findings have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides and their biotransformed products possess beneficial properties including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti‐inflammatory activities, and they have great value in healthcare, cosmetics, the food industry, and agriculture. Exploitation of enzymes that can degrade marine polysaccharides is in the ascendant, and is important for high‐value use of marine biomass resources. In this review, we describe research and prospects regarding the classification, biochemical properties, and catalytic mechanisms of the main types of marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes, focusing on chitinase, chitosanase, alginate lyase, agarase, and carrageenase, and their product oligosaccharides. The state‐of‐the‐art discussion of marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes and their properties offers information that might enable more efficient production of marine oligosaccharides. We also highlight current problems in the field of marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes and trends in their development. Understanding the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and modification of known enzymes will aid the identification of novel enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides and facilitation of their use in various biotechnological processes.
Genetic diversity in oak populations under intensive management for fuelwood in the Sierra de Zongolica, Mexico
Authors: Vega‐Ortega Miguel Ángel , Llanderal‐Mendoza Jesús , Gerez‐Fernández Patricia , López Binnqüist Citlalli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFirewood and charcoal are used on a daily basis both in rural areas and in cities. This type of energy is produced by one of the most ancient traditional methods, known as coppice, which harvest tree sprouts. There is controversy about its effects on forests: it preserves populations and tree cover of species used, but reduces density, inhibits sexual reproduction and generates genetic erosion. We inquired if it was possible to identify a loss of genetic diversity in oak populations traditionally used for charcoal by the Zongolica Nahuas in Veracruz state, Mexico. We studied populations of Quercus laurina, Quercus calophylla and Quercus rugosa in three different altitudes. Molecular analysis with eight nuclear codominant microsatellites was performed to determine the diversity, structure and gene flow of these species. Results for Q. laurina were Na = 8.458, I = 1.766, Ho = 0.679, polymorphism = 100%, Fis = 0.079, with intraindividual variation of 81.55%. For Q. calophylla: Na = 7.250, I = 1.563, Ho = 0.646, polymorphism = 91.67%, Fis = 0.083, with intraindividual variation of 83.80%. For Q. rugosa: Na = 6.958, I = 1.510, Ho = 0.574, polymorphism = 91.67%, Fis = 0.204, with intraindividual variation of 81.99%; this species shows signals of an early genetic isolation process. Our findings indicate that Quercus genetic diversity for the three species is high and comparable with oak species in Mexico and worldwide. We conclude that at the present, coppice is preserving a historical diversity in adult trees kept alive through sprouting. Nonetheless, problems with coppice systems elsewhere, unregulated harvesting and expansion of pine plantation in the region suggest that further studies, hand in hand with a landscape management approach that improve charcoal and firewood production, may be valuable for Sierra de Zongolica genetic biodiversity conservation.
Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model
Authors: Incorvaia Cristoforo , Al‐Ahmad Mona , Ansotegui Ignacio J. , Arasi Stefania , Bachert Claus , Bos Catherine , Bousquet Jean , Bozek Andrzéj , Caimmi Davide , Calderón Moises A. , Casale Thomas , Custovic Adnan , De Blay Frédéric , Demoly Pascal , Devillier Philippe , Didier Alain , Fiocchi Alessandro , Fox Adam T. , Gevaert Philippe , Gomez Maximiliano , Heffler Enrico , Ilina Natalia , Irani Carla , Jutel Marek , Karagiannis Efstrathios , Klimek Ludger , Kuna Piotr , O'Hehir Robin , Kurbacheva Oxana , Matricardi Paolo M. , Morais‐Almeida Mario , Mosges Ralph , Novak Natalija , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Panzner Petr , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Park Hae‐Sim , Passalacqua Giovanni , Pawankar Ruby , Pfaar Oliver , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Scurati Silvia , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Vidal Carmen , Virchow J. Christian , Wahn Ulrich , Worm Margitta , Zieglmayer Petra , Canonica Giorgio W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single‐allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross‐reactive, pursuit of patient's treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic, and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi‐genomics, metabolomics, and breathomics, to forecast patient's responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and to verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.
Pancreatic cancer in the Australian population: identifying opportunities for intervention
Authors: Barreto Savio George , D'Onise Katina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a disease associated with a poor overall survival. Advances in surgical techniques have helped improve outcomes of patients who are amenable to surgical resection. Sadly, surgery is amenable in only a small percentage of patients with the disease. Thus, there is a need to direct efforts at reducing the overall risk of pancreatic cancer or facilitating its early detection. The current review focused on collating all the literature published to date on pancreatic cancer in Australia with an aim to identify opportunities for intervention (at a state or national level) that are specific to Australia so as to help improve the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges
Authors: Finger Anna‐Marie , Kramer Achim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHumans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24‐hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so‐called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non‐SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell‐autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well‐being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans‐meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built‐up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies on the olfactory receptor neurons in the Ichthyosaura alpestris
Authors: Różański Józef J. , Capillo Gioele , Lauriano Eugenia R. , Aragona Marialuisa , Kuciel Michał , Zaccone Giacomo , Żuwała Krystyna D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMorphological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on the alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris, which is representative of the family Salamandridae. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in olfactory organs structural properties, especially in the olfactory epithelium (OE) of the main olfactory chamber (MOC) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO) between breeding and non‐breeding seasons in this species. A change in environments occurs for alpine newts in the course of the annual cycle because of its aquatic adaptations for reproduction. The results confirmed the variability in the shape and size of olfactory organs between breeding and non‐breeding seasons. The presence of the ovoid cells with microvilli at its apical part was determined in the OE of males and females during breeding season. Giant ORNs, a subtype of ciliated ORNs, were observed only during the newt's non‐breeding season. The presence of the ovoid cells during the terrestrial phase was not determined. Thus, its role might be associated with reproduction.
The role of gonadotropins in testicular and adrenal androgen biosynthesis pathways—Insights from males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism on hCG/rFSH and on testosterone replacement
Authors: Rohayem Julia , Zitzmann Michael , Laurentino Sandra , Kliesch Sabine , Nieschlag Eberhard , Holterhus Paul‐Martin , Kulle Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the role of gonadotropins in male androgen biosynthesis pathways.DesignCase‐control study.Patients and measurementsTwenty five males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) underwent hCG/rFSH and testosterone treatment sequentially. Serum steroid hormone profiles (testosterone precursors and metabolites) on both replacement regimens were analysed, using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and compared to those of healthy controls, matched by age, BMI and serum testosterone.ResultsOn testosterone replacement, serum concentrations of the classic Δ4 pathway hormones progesterone and 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone (17‐OHP), and the marker steroid of an alternative pathway of testosterone synthesis (androstenediol) were decreased, compared to controls. Androstanediol, a marker of the backdoor pathway of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, was increased. 17‐OH‐pregnenolone, androstenedione and DHEAS (Δ5 pathway), three 11‐oxygenated C19 androgens (11‐keto‐A4, 11‐keto‐T and 11‐keto‐DHT) and the testosterone (T) metabolites DHT and 17ß‐oestradiol (E2) were similar to controls. On gonadotropin replacement, 17‐OHP, 17‐OH‐pregnenolone, DHEAS and androstenedione, as well as DHT, androstenediol, and all 11‐oxygenated C19 androgens were normal. Progesterone (Δ4 pathway) was slightly decreased, and androstanediol (backdoor DHT pathway) and E2 (T metabolite) were increased.ConclusionsIn males with CHH, serum steroid hormone profiles resemble those of healthy men, if hCG/rFSH is used for substitution. Gonadotropins contribute to steroid hormone production along the classic Δ4 pathway and co‐activate an alternative pathway of testosterone biosynthesis via androstenediol. Backdoor DHT biosynthesis, Δ5 17‐OH‐pregnenolone, DHEA(S) and androstenedione synthesis and 11‐oxygenated C19 androgen production are activated independently of gonadotropins. The androgen replacement modality used for treatment of hypogonadal males with absent or reduced endogenous LH/FSH secretion may impact on long‐term health and quality of life.
Early and mature biofilm on four different dental implant materials: An in vivo human study
Authors: Herrmann Henrike , Kern Jaana‐Sophia , Kern Thomas , Lautensack Julia , Conrads Georg , Wolfart Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the microbial composition of early (after 3 days, D3) and mature biofilms (after 31 days, D31) on materials typically used in implant/abutment buildups. Implant/abutment materials with different surface roughness values (Ra) were compared to detect differences in the quantity and quality of bacterial composition.Material and MethodsFour different materials were investigated: rough implant surface (sand‐blasted acid‐etched titanium, Ti‐p), implant collar (machined titanium, Ti‐m), titanium abutment (Ti6Al4V), and zirconium dioxide abutment (ZrO2). Fourteen periodontally healthy subjects received mandibular acrylic devices with four disks (one for each material) facing the anterior lingual area. The total bacterial count was analyzed using RT‐qPCR. Both presence and proliferation of 20 selected bacterial species were assessed with microarrays.ResultsThe highest mean total cell counts (x108 ± standard deviation) were detected at D3 on ZrO2 (5.63 ± 4.83; Ra = 0.74 µm), followed by Ti‐p (4.53 ± 5.00; Ra = 1.87), Ti–m (4.43 ± 9.38; Ra = 0.18 µm), and Ti6Al4V (3.83 ± 3.13; Ra = 0.16 µm). ZrO2 showed significantly higher total bacterial cell counts than Ti‐p and Ti‐m (p < .05) for both time intervals. The microarrays detected 16 (D3) and 17 (D31) bacterial species; those associated with healthy oral microbiotas, but also bacteria of the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola), were found on all materials.ConclusionsBiofilms on ZrO2 harbored a higher total number of bacterial cells compared with those formed on titanium surfaces with much lower roughness values. Putative periodontopathogens were detected on all materials after both time intervals. Implant/abutment materials with a low surface roughness showed less biofilm accumulation.