bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promising near-infrared plasmonic biosensor employed for specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its spike glycoprotein
Authors: Peng Xiao , Zhou Yingxin , Nie Kaixuan , Zhou Feifan , Yuan Yufeng , Song Jun , Qu Junle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Timely and accurately identification of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can greatly contribute to monitoring and controlling the global pandemic. This study gained theoretical insight into a novel phase-modulation plasmonic biosensor working in the near-infrared (NIR) regime, which can be employed for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its spike (S) glycoprotein. The proposed plasmonic biosensor was created by integrating two-dimensional (2D) Van der Waals heterostructures, including tellurene and carboxyl-functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers, with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Excellent biosensing performance can be achieved under the excitation of 1550 nm by optimizing the thickness of ITO film and tellurene-MoS2 heterostructures. For a sensing interface refractive index change as low as 0.0012 RIU (RIU, refractive index unit), the optimized plasmonic configuration of 121 nm ITO film/three-layer tellurene/ten-layer MoS2-COOH can produce the highest detection sensitivity of 8.4069 × 104 degree/RIU. More importantly, MoS2–COOH layer can capture angiotensin-converting enzyme II, which is an ideal adsorption site for specifically binding SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Then, an excellent linear detection range for S glycoprotein and SARS-CoV-2 specimens is ∼0–301.67 nM and ∼0–67.8762 nM, respectively. This study thus offers an alternative strategy for rapidly performing novel coronavirus diagnosis in clinical applications.
Orbital angular momentum superposition states in transmission
electron microscopy and bichromatic multiphoton ionization
Authors: Eickhoff K , Rathje C , Köhnke D , Kerbstadt S , Englert L , Bayer T , Schäfer S , Wollenhaupt M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The coherent control of electron beams and ultrafast electron wave packet
dynamics have attracted significant attention in electron microscopy as well as
in atomic physics. In order to unify the conceptual pictures developed in both
fields, we demonstrate the generation and manipulation of tailored electron
orbital angular momentum (OAM) superposition states either by employing
customized holographic diffraction masks in a transmission electron microscope
or by atomic multiphoton ionization utilizing pulse-shaper generated
carrier-envelope phase stable bichromatic ultrashort laser pulses. Both
techniques follow similar physical mechanisms based on Fourier synthesis of
quantum mechanical superposition states allowing the preparation of a broad set
of electron states with uncommon symmetries. We describe both approaches in a
unified picture based on an advanced spatial and
spectral double slit and point out important analogies. In
addition, we analyze the topological charge and discuss the control mechanisms
of the free-electron OAM superposition states. Their generation and manipulation
by phase tailoring in transmission electron microscopy and atomic multiphoton
ionization is illustrated on a 7-fold rotationally symmetric electron density
distribution.
Thermal destabilization of self-bound ultradilute quantum droplets
Authors: Wang Jia , Hu Hui , Liu Xia-Ji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the temperature effect in a Bose–Bose mixture with attractive inter-species interactions, in the regime where a self-bound ultradilute quantum droplet forms due to the subtle balance between the attractive mean-field force and the repulsive force provided by Lee–Huang–Yang quantum fluctuations. We find that in contrast to quantum fluctuations, thermal fluctuations destabilize the droplet state and completely destroy it above a threshold temperature. We show that the threshold temperature is determined by the intra-species interaction energy. For a three-dimensional Bose–Bose mixture, the threshold temperature is less than one-tenth of the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature under the typical experimental conditions. With increasing temperature, the droplet’s equilibrium density gradually decreases and can be reduced by several tens of percent upon reaching the threshold temperature. We also consider a one-dimensional quantum droplet and find a similar destabilization effect due to thermal fluctuations. The threshold temperature in one dimension is roughly set by the binding energy of the inter-species dimer. The pronounced thermal instability of a self-bound quantum droplet predicted in our work could be examined in future experiments, by measuring the temperature dependence of its central density and observing its sudden disappearance at the threshold temperature.
Full-orbit simulation of fast ion loss under resonant magnetic perturbations in the EAST tokamak
Authors: He K. , Sun Y. , Wan B.N. , Gu S. , Jia M. , Hu Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A new full-orbit Monte Carlo code (SOFT) has been developed and used to investigate how resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) affects the loss of neutral beam injection ions in EAST. Benefiting from the calculation of real orbits in cylindrical coordinates, the simulation can take into account the first wall and provide a more realistic evaluation of the losses than previous results. The two co-current beams in EAST are chosen for the study. Depending on the spectrum used, losses can be significantly enhanced by low-n (n ≤ 2) RMPs. From the quantity perspective, the prompt loss and the resonant loss are the two loss channels of concern. The former is mainly related to the ion source, while the latter is closely related to RMP and quantitatively more dominant. It is found that both linear and non-linear resonances play an important role, which is consistent with previous results. The inclusion of plasma response, to a large extent, heals the magnetic topology, but does not necessarily lead to a better confinement of fast ions. Detailed analyses reveal the significant loss of passing ions in the presence of the response, which highlights the importance of the non-resonant components. A better understanding of the loss channels and their relation to the RMP spectrum helps to avoid the detrimental effects and to provide support for goals like phase-space engineering.
Long-term nitrogen retention and transit time distribution in agricultural catchments in western France
Authors: Dupas Rémi , Ehrhardt Sophie , Musolff Andreas , Fovet Ophélie , Durand Patrick 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) concentrations have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems worldwide, calling for effective management practices. However, catchment-scale annual mass-balance estimates often exhibit N deficits and time lags between the trajectory of net N inputs and that of N riverine export. Here, we analyzed 40-year time series of N surplus and nitrate-N loads in 16 mesoscale catchments (104–10 135 km2) of a temperate agricultural region, with the aim to (1) investigate the fate of the ‘missing N’, either still in transit through the soil—vadose zone—groundwater continuum or removed via denitrification, and (2) estimate the transit time distribution of N by convoluting the input signal with a lognormal model. We found that apparent N retention, the ‘missing N’, ranged from 45%–88% of then N net input, and that topsoil N accumulation alone accounted for ca. two-thirds of this retention. The mode of the nitrate-N transit time distribution ranged from 2–14 years and was negatively correlated with the estimated retention. Apparent retention was controlled primarily by average runoff, while the transit time mode was controlled in part by lithology. We conclude that the fate of the soil ‘biogeochemical legacy’, which represents much of the catchment-scale ‘missing N’, is in our hands, since the N accumulated in soils can still be recycled in agroecosystems.
A short perspective on a COVID-19 clinical study: ‘diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-PCR using exhale breath condensate samples’
Authors: Sawano Makoto , Takeshita Kyousuke , Ohno Hideaki , Oka Hideaki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 infection (COVID-19) is currently based on detection of the viral RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, sampling via nasopharyngeal swabs frequently provokes sneezing or coughing, which results in increased risk of the viral dissemination and environmental contamination. Furthermore, the sensitivity associated with the PCR tests s limited to 60%–70%, which is mainly attributable to technical deficiency in sampling. Given that the disease is transmitted via exhaled aerosol and droplets, and that the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is the established modality for sampling exhaled aerosol, detection of the viral RNA in EBC is a promising approach for safe and efficient diagnosis of the disease. Subjects are those patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test and admitted to Saitama Medical Center, Japan. EBC samples will be collected using an R-tube® or R-tubeVent® device. Collected EBC samples will be introduced into a nucleic acid purifier. The purified nucleic acids will undergo amplification through RT-PCR for detection and quantification of SARS-COV-2 RNA. To date we have collected eight samples from seven subjects. Among them, two samples from two subjects tested positive for SARS-COV-2 RNA by the RT-PCR. Reflecting the second wave of COVID-19 prevalence in Japan, new admissions of COVID-19 patients to the Saitama Medical Center are increasing, and we are expecting to collect at least 50 EBC samples from 25 patients before the end of this year.
Raman peak shifts by applied magnetic field in InSb/Al
x
In1−x
Sb superlattices
Authors: Chikumpa Matasit , Zon  , Thainoi Supachok , Kiravittaya Suwit , Tandaechanurat Aniwat , Nuntawong Noppadon , Sopitpan Suwat , Yordsri Visittapong , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Kanjanachuchai Songphol , Ratanathammaphan Somchai , Panyakeow Somsak 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
InSb/Al
x
ln1−x
Sb superlattices (SLs) are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) InSb substrate and Raman scattering spectroscopy of the samples under magnetic field is investigated. Al contents in AlInSb of the samples are varied. All samples are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy is done by using excitation laser with 633 nm wavelength and 2 μm beam spot under applied magnetic field from 0 to 170 mT. Both TO and LO Raman peaks from InSb are detected from all samples. There are Raman peak shift of both TO and LO by applied magnetic field. Stronger magnetic effect is found in LO than TO phonon modes. We attribute this effect to the symmetry breaking of the InSb/AlInSb interfaces since the observed roughness of the top InSb layer can qualitatively correlate with the shift.
Solidification microstructure and phase transition of La-Nd-Fe alloys
Authors: Su D , Yang K C , Rong M H , Cheng X , Wei Q , Yao Q R , Wang J , Rao G H , Zhou H Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The solidification microstructure and phase transition of ten La-Nd-Fe alloys were studied experimentally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Phase compositions and phase transition temperatures of La-Nd-Fe alloys were measured and the formed phases were identified. The solidification behavior of La-Nd-Fe alloys was analyzed based on the experimental results of both solidification microstructure and phase transitions with the reported Nd-Fe, La-Fe and La-Nd sub-binary phase diagrams. The results indicated that the solidification processes of all La-Nd-Fe alloys begin with the precipitation of primary phase fcc(γ-Fe) and then follow by the formation of bcc(α-Fe) and/or Fe17Nd2 phases through different peritectic reactions. The solidification microstructure of three Fe65La29Nd6, Fe65La25Nd10 and Fe65La22Nd13 alloys presents three-phase microstructure with bcc(α-Fe), Fe17Nd2 and fcc(La,Nd) phases, while that of three Fe65La19Nd16, Fe65La9Nd26 and Fe65La15.5Nd19.5 alloys shows three-phase microstructure with bcc(α-Fe), Fe17Nd2 and dhcp(La,Nd) phases. The two-phase micorstructure with Fe17Nd2 and dhcp(La,Nd) ohases was formed in the solidification microstructure of four Fe65La12Nd23, Fe65La6.5Nd28.5, Fe65La4Nd31 and Fe65La1.5Nd33.5 alloys. Moreover, no stable ternary intermetallic compound was found in the present experiments. The solidification microstructure and phase transition of La-Nd-Fe alloys would provide a basis for the design of La-Nd-Fe-B magnetic alloys.
Comparative study of ZnMgO/GaAs and ZnMgO/Si solar cells
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tang Naiyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Because ZnO can be used as transparent conductive oxide or as an anti-reflective coating in the field of transparent electronics, ZnO/Si solar cells using ZnO as the emitter material have received widespread attention. Compared with Si, GaAs has a wider band gap, which makes its spectral response and solar spectrum match better than Si, so ZnO/GaAs solar cells have higher power conversion efficiency. However, during the manufacturing process of heterojunctions, it is inevitable that dangling bonds and defects will be generated at the interface, which increase the interface recombination and reduce the performance of solar cells. Based on this, in this study, three methods to reduce the interface recombination of ZnO/GaAs solar cells are proposed: doping Mg in ZnO, increasing the carrier concentration of ZnO, and reducing the interface defects between ZnO and GaAs. The results show that these three methods effectively improve the performance of ZnO/GaAs solar cells. After comparing the results with ZnMgO/Si solar cells, it is found that the performance of ZnMgO/GaAs solar cells is much higher than that of ZnMgO/Si solar cells.
The association of weight change and all-cause mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alharbi Tagrid A , Paudel Susan , Gasevic Danijela , Ryan Joanne , Freak-Poli Rosanne , Owen Alice J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
there may be age-related differences in the impact of weight change on health. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the relationship between weight change and all-cause mortality in adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from inception to 11 June 2020, PROSPERO CRD 42019142268. We included observational studies reporting on the association between weight change and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled hazard ratios and scored based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guidelines.

Results
a total of 30 studies, including 1,219,279 participants with 69,255 deaths, demonstrated that weight loss was associated with a 59% increase in mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR): 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45–1.74; P &lt; 0.001). Twenty-seven studies that reported outcomes for weight gain (1,210,116 participants with 65,481 deaths) indicated that weight gain was associated with a 10% increase in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.17; P = 0.01). Four studies investigated weight fluctuation (2,283 events among 6,901 participants), which was associated with a 63% increased mortality risk (HR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.28, 2.15). No evidence of publication bias was observed (all P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
for community-dwelling older adults, weight changes (weight loss, gain or weight fluctuation) are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality risk relative to stable weight. Further research is needed to determine whether these associations vary depending upon initial weight, and whether or not the weight loss/gain was intentional.
Age, Period and Cohort Effects On Alcohol Consumption In Estonia, 1996–2018
Authors: Baburin Aleksei , Reile Rainer , Veideman Tatjana , Leinsalu Mall 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the independent effects of age, period and cohort on estimated daily alcohol consumption in Estonia.MethodsThis study used data from nationally representative repeated cross-sectional surveys from 1996 to 2018 and included 11,717 men and 16,513 women aged 16–64 years in total. The dependent variables were consumption of total alcohol and consumption by types of beverages (beer, wine and strong liquor) presented as average daily consumption in grams of absolute alcohol. Mixed-effects negative binomial models stratified by sex were used for age–period–cohort analysis.ResultsAlcohol consumption was highest at ages 20–29 years for both men and women and declined in older ages. Significant period effects were found indicating that total alcohol consumption and consumption of different types of beverages had increased significantly since the 1990s for both men and women. Cohort trends differed for men and women. Men born in the 1990–2000s had significantly lower daily consumption compared to earlier cohorts, whereas the opposite was found for women.ConclusionWhile age-related patterns of alcohol consumption are aligned with life course stages, alcohol use has increased over the study period. Although the total daily consumption among men is nearly four times higher than among women, the cohort trends suggest convergence of alcohol consumption patterns for men and women.
Shifty evidence and shifty books
Authors: Beddor Bob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Are all epistemic notions – including evidence and rational credence – sensitive to practical considerations? A number of philosophers have argued that the answer must be ‘No’, since otherwise rational agents would be susceptible to diachronic Dutch books (Greco 2013, Rubin 2015, Schroeder 2018). After unpacking this challenge, I show how it can be resisted by appealing to an analogy between shifting stakes and memory loss. The upshot: pervasive epistemic shiftiness may be tenable after all .
Plant functional types determine how close postfire seedlings are from their parents in a species-rich shrubland
Authors: Lamont Byron B , Witkowski Ed T F 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsFine-scale spatial patterns of the seedlings of co-occurring species reveal the relative success of reproduction and dispersal and may help interpret coexistence patterns of adult plants. To understand whether postfire community dynamics are controlled by mathematical, biological or environmental factors, we documented seedling–adult (putative parent) distances for a range of co-occurring species. We hypothesized that nearest-seedling-to-adult distances should be a function of the distance between the closest conspecific seedlings, closest inter-adult distances and seedling-to-parent ratios, and also that these should scale up in a consistent way from all individuals, to within and between species and finally between functional types (FTs).MethodsWe assessed seedling–adult, seedling–seedling and adult–adult distances for 19 co-occurring shrub species 10 months after fire in a species-rich shrubland in south-western Australia. Species were categorized into 2 × 2 FTs: those that are killed by fire [non-(re)sprouters] vs. those that survive (resprouters) in nine taxonomically matched pairs, and those that disperse their seeds prefire (geosporous) vs. those that disperse their seeds postfire (serotinous).Key ResultsFor the total data set and means for all species, seedling–adult distance was essentially a mathematical phenomenon, and correlated positively with seedling–seedling distance and adult–adult distance, and inversely with seedlings per adult. Among the four FTs, seedling–adult distance was shortest for geosporous non-sprouters and widest for serotinous resprouters. Why adults that produce few seedlings (resprouters) should be further away from them defies a simple mathematical or biological explanation at present. Ecologically, however, it is adaptive: the closest seedling was usually under the (now incinerated) parent crown of non-sprouters whereas those of resprouters were on average four times further away.ConclusionsOur study highlights the value of recognizing four reproductive syndromes within fire-prone vegetation, and shows how these are characterized by marked differences in their seedling–adult spatial relations that serve to enhance biodiversity of the community.
Drug response in association with pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics: towards a better personalized medicine
Authors: Hassan Radia , Allali Imane , Agamah Francis E , Elsheikh Samar S M , Thomford Nicholas E , Dandara Collet , Chimusa Emile R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Researchers have long been presented with the challenge imposed by the role of genetic heterogeneity in drug response. For many years, Pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics has been investigating the influence of an individual’s genetic background to drug response and disposition. More recently, the human gut microbiome has proven to play a crucial role in the way patients respond to different therapeutic drugs and it has been shown that by understanding the composition of the human microbiome, we can improve the drug efficacy and effectively identify drug targets. However, our knowledge on the effect of host genetics on specific gut microbes related to variation in drug metabolizing enzymes, the drug remains limited and therefore limits the application of joint host–microbiome genome-wide association studies.
In this paper, we provide a historical overview of the complex interactions between the host, human microbiome and drugs. While discussing applications, challenges and opportunities of these studies, we draw attention to the critical need for inclusion of diverse populations and the development of an innovative and combined pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics approach, that may provide an important basis in personalized medicine.
Floral development of theOrnithocephalusclade (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae): the origin of the tabula infrastigmatica, gynostemium appendices and labellar callus
Authors: Royer Carla A , Toscano de Brito A L V , Stützel Thomas , Smidt Eric C , Nunes Elaine L P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Ornithocephalus clade comprises small epiphytes distributed in 12 genera and c. 120 species. Their flowers have complex structures, the homologies of which are difficult to interpret. Through ontogenetic studies, we identified the origins of the tabula infrastigmatica, floral appendages located in the gynostemium and the labellar callus. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we analysed flowers at various developmental stages from representatives of three genera: Ornithocephalus (two species), Phymatidium (two species) and Zygostates (three species). The tabula infrastigmatica of Phymatidium results from the fusion of the lateral carpels and staminodes, with different degrees of synorganization across species and can be considered a plesiomorphic characteristic within the clade. Contradicting hypotheses of a staminodial origin, the auricles present in this genus derive from the gynostemium. In Zygostates, the lateral appendices derive from staminodes and can show different development degrees, whereas in Ornithocephaus that character has been lost. We corroborate the view that the labellum is a single organ derived from the median petal and the labellar callus is derived from it.