bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue – The rhymes, musings and riddles of the International Community of Geological Surveys (ICOGS)
Authors: Lebel Daniel , Hill Philip R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Building on the present volume, which provides a snapshot of Geological Survey organizations (GSOs) from around the world in 2020, this epilogue provides a retrospective on past efforts to form an international consortium of GSOs. These efforts have had the noble aim of bringing GSOs together to address problems of global scale, but have not fully succeeded in building a sustainable organization. The paper summarizes international discussions held over the past three decades, provides some analysis and makes some suggestions on how a world association of GSOs may become useful, credible and workable.
Carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon as tracers of carbon sources in karst waters of the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia
Authors: Sironić Andreja , Bronić Ines Krajcar , Horvatinčić Nada , Barešić Jadranka , Borković Damir , Vurnek Maja , Mikelić Ivanka Lovrenčić 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was studied at springs, lakes and tributaries of the Plitvice Lakes. The Plitvice Lakes are a unique and complex karst lakes system consisting of 16 flow-through lakes connected by waterfalls and streams and characterized by intense calcium carbonate precipitation in the form of tufa and lake sediments. Two main springs have different
14
C concentrations due to different geology and their variations were controlled by flow rates. Further downstream, at lakes to the Korana River that outflows from the lakes, the
14
C activity and
δ
13
C consistently increased down the flow. Carbon isotope composition from 2010 to 2015 was compared with the values measured 30 years earlier. The variation in
δ
13
C
DIC
was accounted for seasonal change, while
14
C activity of surface water DIC decreased 7–12% during the 30 years. Using a semi-empiric model, it is calculated that the downstream increase is controlled by the exchange of DIC and atmospheric CO
2
carbon and by introduction of decomposed biogenic carbon from the top soil organic matter of the lakes surrounding area in almost equal proportions.
Geographic variations in the slope of the
δ
2
H
–
δ
18
O
meteoric water line over Europe: a record of increasing continentality
Authors: Lécuyer Christophe , Bojar Ana-Voica , Daux Valérie , Legendre Serge 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

δ
2
H and
δ
18
O values of precipitations follow an empirical linear relationship at the global scale that is called the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and characterized by a slope of 8. However, Local Meteoric Water Lines (LMWLs) may have different slopes
S
depending on their geographic situation. Monthly
δ
2
H and
δ
18
O of precipitation have been compiled from European International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) stations. Those data allowed the calculation of the slopes
S
of the
δ
2
H–
δ
18
O LMWL determined for each station.
S
increases with longitude
ϕ
from
c.
5 (Portugal) to
c.
9 (Russia) – they are positively correlated with relative humidity (RH), negatively with temperature and positively with the mean intra-annual amplitude of temperatures, which is a proxy of continentality. Slopes of 5–6, recorded in SW Europe, reflect mean RH (70–75%) and sea surface temperatures (
c.
25°C) of the Central Atlantic Ocean where the main flux of moisture is formed before being transported by the westerlies. In addition, falling water droplets within an air column with a high RH (>80%) and low temperature are expected to escape sub-cloud evaporation. Therefore, slopes with values close to 9 are considered to reflect isotopic equilibrium conditions during the condensation of water vapour in clouds.
When the Smoke Clears m6A from a Y Chromosome–Linked lncRNA, Men Get an Increased Risk of Cancer
Authors: Banday A. Rouf , Papenberg Brenen W. , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Although these disease-associated effects have been mostly attributed to the ability of lncRNAs to function as regulatory noncoding transcripts, there is growing evidence that lncRNAs may also encode functional micropeptides. In the current issue of Cancer Research, Wu and colleagues report a micropeptide encoded by a Y chromosome–linked lncRNA that may explain the higher incidence of esophageal cancer in male smokers. Furthermore, this report provides broader insights related to the molecular epidemiology of male-dominant and smoking-driven cancers and may also help explain some cancer-related associations with mosaic Y chromosome loss.
See related article by Wu et al., p. 2790
Gut Microbiota Restricts NETosis in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ascher Stefanie , Wilms Eivor , Pontarollo Giulia , Formes Henning , Bayer Franziska , Müller Maria , Malinarich Frano , Grill Alexandra , Bosmann Markus , Saffarzadeh Mona , Brandão Inês , Groß Kathrin , Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Kittner Jens M. , Lackner Karl J. , Jurk Kerstin , Reinhardt Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to lethality in acute mesenteric infarction. To study the impact of the gut microbiota in acute mesenteric infarction, we used gnotobiotic mouse models to investigate whether gut commensals prime the reactivity of neutrophils towards formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis).

Approach and Results:

We applied a mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model to germ-free (GF) and colonized C57BL/6J mice. By intravital imaging, we quantified leukocyte adherence and NET formation in I/R-injured mesenteric venules. Colonization with gut microbiota or monocolonization with
Escherichia coli
augmented the adhesion of leukocytes, which was dependent on the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor-4)/TRIF (TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) pathway. Although neutrophil accumulation was decreased in I/R-injured venules of GF mice, NETosis following I/R injury was significantly enhanced compared with conventionally raised mice or mice colonized with the minimal microbial consortium altered Schaedler flora. Also ex vivo, neutrophils from GF and antibiotic-treated mice showed increased LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced NETosis. Enhanced TLR4 signaling in GF neutrophils was due to elevated TLR4 expression and augmented IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) phosphorylation. Likewise, neutrophils from antibiotic-treated conventionally raised mice had increased NET formation before and after ischemia. Increased NETosis in I/R injury was abolished in conventionally raised mice deficient in the TLR adaptor TRIF. In support of the desensitizing influence of enteric LPS, treatment of GF mice with LPS via drinking water diminished LPS-induced NETosis in vitro and in the mesenteric I/R injury model.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our results identified that the gut microbiota suppresses NETing neutrophil hyperreactivity in mesenteric I/R injury, while ensuring immunovigilance by enhancing neutrophil recruitment.
Can Children Be Considered for Transradial Interventions?
Authors: Alehaideb Ahmad , Ha Winston , Bickford Suzanne , Dmytriw Adam A. , Bhatia Kartik , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Mohanta Arun , Chavhan Govind , Muthusami Prakash 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Transradial intervention is increasingly replacing approaches, due to lower access complications, cost, and improved patient satisfaction. There are limited supporting data in the pediatric literature, largely due to concerns regarding arterial size. The objective of this study was to measure radial artery diameters in children across all age groups, to establish reference ranges for clinical use.

Methods:
This prospective study was carried out in children ≤18 years of age who underwent ultrasound for measuring radial artery diameters from November 2018 to November 2019. The cohort was divided into age groups: ≤2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8, 9 to 11, 12 to 14, 15 to 18 years, and into pre- and post-adolescent (≥12 years) groups.

Results:

One hundred thirty-four children (M:F=63:71) were included, with bilateral measurements resulting in 268 data points. Mean age was 8.9±5.8 years (range, 29 days to 18 years), mean weight 37.2±27.5 kg (range, 1.7–149.1 kg). Mean-corrected radial artery diameter was 1.86±0.44 mm. There was no difference in arterial diameters between males and females (1.90±0.50 versus 1.81±0.53 mm;
P
=0.73) or between right and left sides (1.87±0.46 versus 1.87±0.47,
P
=0.98). There was a strong correlation of diameter with age (R=0.75;
P
<0.00001) and weight (R=0.74;
P
<0.00001). There was linear increase in arterial growth rates in early childhood, followed by plateauing to adult sizes in adolescents. Inter-reader agreement was 0.95.

Conclusions:
We provide a reference range for radial artery diameters across childhood ages, which can be used for decision-making. This could be the basis for designing a trial of transradial intervention in children, to establish clinical safety and efficacy.
Hematoma Resolution In Vivo Is Directed by Activating Transcription Factor 1
Authors: Seneviratne Anusha , Han Yumeng , Wong Eunice , Walter Edward R.H. , Jiang Lijun , Cave Luke , Long Nicholas J. , Carling David , Mason Justin C. , Haskard Dorian O. , Boyle Joseph J. 
Published: July 2020

Rationale:

The efficient resolution of tissue hemorrhage is an important homeostatic function. In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/ATF1 (activating transcription factor-1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1;
HMOX1
) and lipid homeostasis genes.

Objective:
We asked whether this pathway had an in vivo role in mice.

Methods and Results:

Perifemoral hematomas were used as a model of hematoma resolution. In mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages, heme induced HO-1, lipid regulatory genes including LXR (lipid X receptor), the growth factor IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), and the splenic red pulp macrophage gene
Spic
. This response was lost in bone marrow–derived macrophages from mice deficient in AMPK (
Prkab1
−/
−
) or ATF1 (
Atf1
−/−
). In vivo, femoral hematomas resolved completely between days 8 and 9 in littermate control mice (n=12), but were still present at day 9 in mice deficient in either AMPK (
Prkab1
−/−
) or ATF1 (
Atf1
−/−
; n=6 each). Residual hematomas were accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration, inflammatory activation and oxidative stress. We also found that fluorescent lipids and a fluorescent iron-analog were trafficked to lipid-laden and iron-laden macrophages respectively. Moreover erythrocyte iron and lipid abnormally colocalized in the same macrophages in
Atf1
−/−
mice. Therefore, iron-lipid separation was
Atf1
-dependent.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these data demonstrate that both AMPK and ATF1 are required for normal hematoma resolution.

Graphic Abstract:

An online
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Seasonal Variations in the Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Kurihara Osamu , Takano Masamichi , Yamamoto Erika , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Soeda Tsunenari , Yan Bryan P. , Crea Filippo , Higuma Takumi , Kimura Shigeki , Minami Yoshiyasu , Adriaenssens Tom , Boeder Niklas F. , Nef Holger M. , Kim Chong Jin , Thondapu Vikas , Kim Hyung Oh , Russo Michele , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Fracassi Francesco , Lee Hang , Mizuno Kyoichi , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: July 2020

Background

Seasonal variations in acute coronary syndromes (
ACS
) have been reported, with incidence and mortality peaking in the winter. However, the underlying pathophysiology for these variations remain speculative.

Methods and Results

Patients with
ACS
who underwent optical coherence tomography were recruited from 6 countries. The prevalence of the 3 most common pathologies (plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified plaque) were compared between the 4 seasons. In 1113 patients with
ACS
(885 male; mean age, 65.8±11.6 years), the rates of plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified plaque were 50%, 39%, and 11% in spring; 44%, 43%, and 13% in summer; 49%, 39%, and 12% in autumn; and 57%, 30%, and 13% in winter (
P
=0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, and other coronary risk factors, winter was significantly associated with increased risk of plaque rupture (odds ratio [OR], 1.652; 95% CI, 1.157–2.359;
P
=0.006) and decreased risk of plaque erosion (OR, 0.623; 95% CI, 0.429–0.905;
P
=0.013), compared with summer as a reference. Among patients with rupture, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in winter (
P
=0.010), whereas no significant difference was observed in the other 2 groups.

Conclusions

Seasonal variations in the incidence of
ACS
reflect differences in the underlying pathobiology. The proportion of plaque rupture is highest in winter, whereas that of plaque erosion is highest in summer. A different approach may be needed for the prevention and treatment of
ACS
depending on the season of its occurrence.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03479723.
Predictors and Functional Outcomes of Fast, Intermediate, and Slow Progression Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Seo Woo-Keun , Liebeskind David S. , Yoo Bryan , Sharma Latisha , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Szeder Viktor , Colby Geoffrey , Starkman Sidney , Rao Neal , Bahr Hosseini Mersedeh , Saver Jeffrey L. ,   for the UCLA Penumbra Imaging Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
We aimed to delineate the determinants of the initial speed of infarct progression and the association of speed of infarct progression (SIP) with procedural and functional outcomes.

Methods:
From a prospectively maintained stroke center registry, consecutive anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with large artery occlusion, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥4, and multimodal vessel, ischemic core, and tissue-at-risk imaging within 24 hours of onset were included. Initial SIP was calculated as ischemic core volume at first imaging divided by the time from stroke onset to imaging.

Results:
Among the 88 patients, SIP was median 2.2 cc/h (interquartile range, 0–8.7), ranging most widely within the first 6 hours after onset. Faster SIP was positively independently associated with a low collateral score (odds ratio [OR], 3.30 [95% CI, 1.25–10.49]) and arrival by emergency medical services (OR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.06–10.49]) and negatively associated with prior ischemic stroke (OR, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.03–0.50]) and coronary artery disease (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10–1.00]). Among the 67 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy, slower SIP was associated with a shift to reduced levels of disability at discharge (OR, 3.26 [95% CI, 1.02–10.45]), increased substantial reperfusion by thrombectomy (OR, 8.30 [95% CI, 0.97–70.87]), and reduced radiological hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.12–0.94]).

Conclusions:
Slower SIP is associated with a high collateral score, prior ischemic stroke, and coronary artery disease, supporting roles for both collateral robustness and ischemic preconditioning in fostering tissue resilience to ischemia. Among patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, the speed of infarct progression is a major determinant of clinical outcome.
The Three R’s as a Framework for Considering the Ethics of Animal Assisted Interventions
Authors: Simonato Martina , De Santis Marta , Contalbrigo Laura , De Mori Barbara , Ravarotto Licia , Farina Luca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Animal assisted interventions (AAI) have seen a significant development in the last fifty years. They are based on human-animal interactions, and some scientific research is beginning to provide evidence for the benefits of these interventions. However, ethical issues, particularly from the animals’ point of view, are yet to be considered properly. This article contextualizes AAI and the ethical issues concerning the animals involved. Then it outlines the potential adaptation of the Three Rs principle (replacement, reduction, refinement) to this field, considering all aspects related to animal behavior, health, and wellbeing. The analysis of the conditions for the application is accompanied by suggestions to guide research and general practice in AAI in favor of animal welfare, including assessment of the environmental conditions and competence of the professionals involved. Finally, a fourth R, Relationship, is proposed as the distinctive R for ethical AAI practice, possibly interpreted as cooperation.
Catechesis and Episcopal Authority in the Life of Gregory Thaumaturgus
Authors: Gray Allison L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a seldom discussed episode from Gregory of Nyssa’s Life of Gregory Thaumaturgus, the wonderworking bishop converts a pagan temple custodian using the written word and a miracle. Physical proofs seem essential for teaching this outsider about divine power. Yet in the very next episode the narrator praises Thaumaturgus for disregarding physical appearances and for keeping silent. A close reading of the Life 34-47 demonstrates that Gregory of Nyssa models, within the narrative, a progression from basic catechesis through signs to the more complex work of interpreting signs, making inferences from what is seen to that which remains unseen. Contextualizing this paradoxical sequence of Thaumaturgus vignettes in Cappadocian discussions of divine condescension and principles of fourth-century Christian paideia, I show that Gregory of Nyssa uses the juxtaposition between Thaumaturgus’ teaching and conduct to model the flexible approach required for bishops to communicate the nature of divine power to varied audiences.
The Impact of Robotic-Assisted Surgery on Team Performance: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Gillespie Joseph , Boorman Rhonda J. , Granqvist Karin , Stranne Johan , Erichsen-Andersson Annette 
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to describe the impact of robotic-assisted surgery on team performance in the operating room. Background The introduction of surgical robots has improved the technical performance of surgical procedures but has also contributed to unexpected interactions in surgical teams, leading to new types of errors. Method A systematic literature search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases using key words and MeSH terms was conducted. Screening identified studies employing qualitative and quantitative methods published between January 2000 and September 2019. Two reviewers independently appraised the methodological quality of the articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). Discussions were held among authors to examine quality scores of the studies and emergent themes, and agreement was reached through consensus. Themes were derived using inductive content analysis. Results Combined searches identified 1,065 citations. Of these, 19 articles, 16 quantitative and 3 qualitative, were included. Robotic-assisted surgeries included urology, gynecology, cardiac, and general procedures involving surgeons, anesthetists, nurses, and technicians. Three themes emerged : Negotiating the altered physical environs and adapting team communications to manage task and technology; managing the robotic system to optimize workflow efficiency; and technical proficiency depends on experience, team familiarity, and case complexity. Conclusion Inclusion of a robot as a team member adds further complexity to the work of surgery. Application These review findings will inform training programs specifically designed to optimize teamwork, workflow efficiency, and learning needs.
Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism following superficial endovenous treatment: A UK and Republic of Ireland consensus study
Authors: Dattani Nikesh , Shalhoub Joseph , Nandhra Sandip , Lane Tristan , Abu-Own Abdulsalam , Elbasty Ahmed , Jones Aled , Duncan Andrew , Garnham Andrew , Thapar Ankur , Murray Anna , Baig Anzar , Saratzis Athanasios , Sharif Atif , Huasen Bella , Dawkins Claire , Nesbitt Craig , Carradice Daniel , Morrow Darren , Bosanquet David , Kavanagh Eamon , Shaikh Faisal , Gosi Gergely , Ambler Graeme , Fulton Gregory , Singh Gurdas , Travers Hannah , Moore Hayley , Olivier James , Hitchman Louise , O’Donohoe Martin , Popplewell Matthew , Medani Mekki , Jenkins Michael , Goh Mingzheng A , Lyons Oliver , McBride Olivia , Moxey Paul , Stather Philip , Burns Phillipa , Forsythe Rachel , Sam Rachel , Brar Ranjeet , Brightwell Robert , Benson Ruth , Onida Sarah , Paravastu Sharath , Lambracos Simon , Vallabhaneni Srinivasa R , Walsh Stewart , Aktar Tasleem , Moloney Tony , Mzimba Zola , Nyamekye Isaac 
Published: July 2020

Objectives Venous thromboembolism is a potentially fatal complication of superficial endovenous treatment. Proper risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis could mitigate this hazard; however, there are currently no evidence-based or consensus guidelines. This study surveyed UK and Republic of Ireland vascular consultants to determine areas of consensus. Methods A 32-item survey was sent to vascular consultants via the Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (phase 1). These results generated 10 consensus statements which were redistributed (phase 2). ‘Good’ and ‘very good’ consensus were defined as endorsement/rejection of statements by >67% and >85% of respondents, respectively. Results Forty-two consultants completed phase 1. This generated seven statements regarding risk factors mandating peri-procedural pharmacoprophylaxis and three statements regarding specific pharmacoprophylaxis regimes. Forty-seven consultants completed phase 2. Regarding venous thromboembolism risk factors mandating pharmacoprophylaxis, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 5/7 and 2/7 statements, respectively. Regarding specific regimens, ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 3/3 statements. Conclusions The main findings from this study were that there was ‘good’ or ‘very good’ consensus that patients with any of the seven surveyed risk factors should be given pharmacoprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. High-risk patients should receive one to two weeks of pharmacoprophylaxis rather than a single dose.