bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Improve Cutting Performance in Micromilling of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Liao Yunn-Shiuan , Li Tsung-Hsien , Liu Yi-Chen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Application of liquid carbon dioxide to improve cutting performance in micro-end milling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was proposed in this study. It was found that the machined roughness decreased with the cutting speed as observed in the conventional cutting, when a 0.5 mm diameter end milling cutter was used in dry cutting. But, the tiny and shattered chips produced by the use of 0.3 mm diameter cutter could adhere on the machined surface and deteriorate surface finish, if the cutting speed was higher than 40 m/min. Cutting temperature was effectively decreased by applying liquid carbon dioxide during micromilling, which in turn reduced the amount of chips adhering on the machined surface and lowered flank wear. The surface roughness Ra at a cutting speed of 70 m/min was improved from 0.09 μm under dry cutting to 0.04 μm under the liquid carbon dioxide assisted cutting condition. And there were no flank wear and very few burrs left on the machined surface for the condition used in the experiment. The height of the burrs was only 25% of that under dry cutting. More, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was proposed to be applied together with the liquid carbon dioxide to enhance lubrication effect. It was noted that the machined surface roughness was further decreased by 15% as compared with that when the liquid carbon dioxide was applied alone. The height of burrs was reduced from 32 μm to 16 μm.
Improved Feasible-Set Method for Removing Mesh Inversion
Authors: Yamakawa Soji , Shimada Kenji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new computational method based on the feasible-set method (Berndt, Kucharik, and Shashkov, 2010, “Using the Feasible Set Method for Rezoning in ALE,” Procedia Comput., 1(1), pp. 1879–1886 and Vachal, Garimella, and Shashkov, 2004, “Untangling of 2D Meshes in ALE Simulations,” J. Comput. Phys., 196, pp. 627–644) for removing inverted elements in surface and volume meshes. The proposed method calculates a region for each node called a “feasible set” in which the node can reside without creating an inverted element. The node is then relocated within the region so that the number of inverted elements is reduced. Unlike the original feasible-set method, it is applicable to nonplanar surface meshes, volume meshes, and also has a step for recovering a feasible set when the set is empty. While various useful mesh optimization techniques have been proposed over several decades, many of them do not work well if the initial mesh has inverted elements. Additionally, some mesh optimizations create new inverted elements when the mesh topology is highly irregular. The goal of the proposed method is to remove mesh inversion without creating a new inverted element. The proposed method is useful for preconditioning for conventional smoothing techniques, which require that the initial mesh be inversion free. It is also useful for correcting inverted elements created by conventional smoothing techniques. The effectiveness of the improved method has been verified by applying it to the facet-repair and the boundary-layer generation problems.
Numerical Investigation of a Confined Laminar Jet Impingement Cooling of Heat Sources Using Nanofluids
Authors: Mookherjee Orkodip , Pramanik Shantanu , Kar Uttam Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of a confined two-dimensional steady laminar nanofluid jet impinging on a horizontal plate embedded with five discrete heating elements subjected to a constant surface heat flux has been studied for a range of Reynolds number (Re) from 100 to 400 with Prandtl number, Pr = 6.96, of the base fluid. Variation of inlet Reynolds number produces a significant change of the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the domain. Increasing the nanoparticle concentration (ϕ) from 0% to 4% exhibits discernible change in equivalent Re and Pr caused by the modification of dynamic viscosity, effective density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of the base fluid. Considerable improvement in heat transfer from the heaters is observed as the maximum temperature of the impingement wall is diminished from 0.95 to 0.55 by increasing Re from 100 to 400; however, the result of increasing ϕ on cooling of the heaters is less appreciable. Self-similar behavior has been depicted by cross-stream variation of temperature and streamwise heat flux in the developed region along the impingement wall up to Re = 300 for ϕ=0% to 4%. But the spread of the respective quantities shows strong dependence on ϕ at Re = 300 with sudden attenuation in magnitude in the developed region of flow. Substantial influence of Re is evident on Eckert number and pumping power. Eckert number decreases, whereas pumping power increases with an increase in Re, and the respective variations exhibit correspondence with power fit correlations.
A Reconsideration of the Log-Secant Model for Failure Pressure Prediction of Surface-Breaking Axial Cracks in Pipelines
Authors: Scott Colin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the researchers of the NG-18 Committee at the Battelle Institute in Columbus Ohio completed a seminal study on the failure pressures of axial flaws in oil and gas pipelines. Key developments included the “ASME B31G” equations for assessment of blunt metal loss flaws, the log-secant model for sharp through-wall cracks, and the log-secant model for sharp surface-breaking cracks. These equations are well-established and feature in various industry standards, recommended practices, and federal regulatory requirements. This work is a reconsideration of the log-secant model for axial surface-breaking cracks. The original equations were derived based on a through-wall crack, for which the crack length is the driving force for crack extension. However, for a surface crack, the crack depth is the correct driving force for crack extension. This work rederives the log-secant model starting with an infinitely long surface crack, and then empirically corrects for a finite length. The result is a new failure pressure model of similar form to the original log-secant model, but with a few key differences. Preliminary validation work using the original NG-18 data shows promising results.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Subcooled Boiling Heat Transfer in a Small-Diameter Tube
Authors: Shibahara Makoto , Liu Qiusheng , Hata Koichi , Fukuda Katsuya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The boiling heat transfer for subcooled water flowing in a small-diameter tube was investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, a platinum tube was used as an experimental tube (d = 1.0–2.0 mm) to conduct joule heating by direct current. The heat generation rate of the tube was controlled with an exponential function. The numerical simulation of boiling heat transfer for subcooled water flowing in the small-diameter tube was conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, phoenics ver. 2013. The small-diameter tube was modeled in the simulation. As the boundary condition, the measured heat flux was given at the inner wall. The inlet temperature ranged from 302 to 312 K. The flow velocities of d = 1.0 mm and d = 2.0 mm were 9.29 m/s and 2.34 m/s, respectively. The three-dimensional analysis was carried out from non-boiling to the critical heat flux (CHF). Governing equations were discretized using the finite volume method in the phoenics. The semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) method was applied in the numerical simulation. For modeling boiling phenomena in the tube, the Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model was adopted using the interphase slip algorithm of phoenics. The surface temperature difference increased as the heat flux increased in the experiment. The numerical simulation predicted the experimental data well. When the heat flux of the experiment reached the CHF point, the predicted value of the heat transfer coefficient was approximately 3.5% lower than that of the experiment.
Dynamic Performance Investigation of Single-Effect NH3 + LiNO3 and NH3 + NaSCN Solar Cooling Cycles: A Case Study for Western Indian Climate
Authors: Modi Nishant , Pandya Bhargav , Kumar Vinay , Patel Jatin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article compares the dynamic behavior of solar-assisted novel salt-based ammonia/sodium thiocyanate (NH3 + NaSCN) and ammonia/lithium nitrate (NH3 + LiNO3) single-effect absorption refrigeration cycles. An evacuated tube collector (ETC) is attached with fully mixed hot water storage tank to power the absorption system. Variations in ambient conditions are determined for Gujarat Region of India and their effects on absorption cycles are quantified throughout the days for the months of April to September. System performance is investigated and compared on terms of coefficient of performance (COP), refrigeration capacity, efficiency and solar COP (SCOP). At same operating conditions, it is found that the NH3 + LiNO3 cycle can achieve much lower evaporator temperature (−13.1 °C) then NH3 + NaSCN cycle (−7.5 °C) and maximum possible COP for NH3 + NaSCN cycle is 0.73 and 0.68 for NH3 + LiNO3 cycle. The working limit of NH3 + LiNO3 cycle is wide ranging and narrow for NH3 + NaSCN cycle due to high crystallization possibility. SCOP varies from 0.18 to 0.43 for NH3 + NaSCN cycle and 0.17 to 0.39 for NH3 + LiNO3 cycle over the period of 6 months. Based on these findings, the suitable working cycle is justified.
Prevention and management of osteoporotic fractures by non-physician health professionals: a systematic literature review to inform EULAR points to consider
Authors: Wilson Nicky , Hurkmans Emailie , Adams Jo , Bakkers Margot , Balážová Petra , Baxter Mark , Blavnsfeldt Anne-Birgitte , Briot Karine , Chiari Catharina , Cooper Cyrus , Dragoi Razvan , Gäbler Gabriele , Lems Willem , Mosor Erika , Pais Sandra , Simon Cornelia , Studenic Paul , Tilley Simon , de la Torre Jenny , Stamm Tanja A 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic literature review (SLR) about the effect of non-pharmacological interventions delivered by non-physician health professionals to prevent and manage osteoporotic fractures.MethodsEight clinical questions based on two criteria guided the SLR: (1) adults≥50 years at high risk of osteoporotic fracture and (2) interventions delivered by non-physician health professionals to prevent and manage osteoporotic fractures. Interventions focused on diagnostic procedures to identify risk of falling, therapeutic approaches and implementation strategies. Outcomes included fractures, falls, risk of falling and change in bone mineral density. Systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials were preferentially selected. Data were synthesised using a qualitative descriptive approach.ResultsOf 15 917 records, 43 articles were included. Studies were clinically and methodologically diverse. We identified sufficient evidence that structured exercise, incorporating progressive resistance training delivered to people who had undergone hip fracture surgery, and multicomponent exercise, delivered to people at risk of primary fracture, reduced risk of falling. The effectiveness of multidisciplinary fracture liaison services in reducing refracture rate was confirmed. There was insufficient evidence found to support the effectiveness of nutrients and falls prevention programmes in this patient population.ConclusionDespite study heterogeneity, our SLR showed beneficial effects of some interventions delivered by non-physician health professionals and the positive impact of multidisciplinary team working and patient educational approaches to prevent and manage osteoporotic fractures. These results informed a EULAR taskforce that developed points to consider for non-physician health professionals to prevent and manage osteoporotic fractures.
Alternative diastolic function models of ventricular longitudinal filling velocity are mathematically identical
Authors: Bhagavan Druv , Padovano William M. , Kovács Sándor J. 
Published: March 2020

The spatiotemporal features of normal in vivo cardiac motion are well established. Longitudinal velocity has become a focus of diastolic function (DF) characterization, particularly the tissue Doppler e′-wave, manifesting in early diastole when the left ventricle (LV) is a mechanical suction pump (dP/dV < 0). To characterize DF and elucidate mechanistic features, several models have been proposed and have been previously compared algebraically, numerically, and in their ability to fit physiological velocity data. We analyze two previously noncompared models of early rapid-filling lengthening velocity (Doppler e′-wave): parametrized diastolic filling (PDF) and force balance model (FBM). Our initial numerical experiments sampled FBM-generated e′( t) contours as input to determine PDF model predicted fit. The resulting exact numerical agreement [standard error of regression (SER) = 9.06 × 10−16] was not anticipated. Therefore, we analyzed all published FBM-generated e′( t) contours and observed identical agreement. We re-expressed FBM’s algebraic expressions for e′( t) and observed for the first time that model-based predictions for lengthening velocity by the FBM and the PDF model are mathematically identical: e′( t) = γe−α tsinh(β t), thereby providing exact algebraic relations between the three PDF parameters and the six FBM parameters. Previous pioneering experiments have independently established the unique determinants of e′( t) to be LV relaxation, restoring forces (stiffness), and load. In light of the exact intermodel agreement, we conclude that the three PDF parameters, relaxation, stiffness (restoring forces), and load, are unique determinants of DF and e′( t). Thus, we show that only the PDF formalism can compute the three unique, independent, physiological determinants of long-axis LV myocardial velocity from e′( t). NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that two separate, independently derived physiological (kinematic) models predict mathematically identical expressions for LV-lengthening velocity (Doppler e′-wave), indicating that damped harmonic oscillatory motion is a physiologically accurate model of diastolic function. Although both models predict the same “overdamped” velocity contour, only one model solves the “inverse problem” and generates unique, lumped parameters of relaxation, stiffness (restoring force), and load from the e′-wave.
PKCδ causes sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Joseph Leroy C. , Reyes Michael V. , Lakkadi Kundanika R. , Gowen Blake H. , Hasko Gyorgy , Drosatos Konstantinos , Morrow John P. 
Published: March 2020

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is associated with increased patient mortality. At present, there are no specific therapies for SIC. Previous studies have reported increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction during SIC. However, a unifying mechanism remains to be defined. We hypothesized that PKCδ is required for abnormal calcium handling and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction during sepsis and that genetic deletion of PKCδ would be protective. Polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery decreased the ejection fraction of wild-type (WT) mice but not PKCδ knockout (KO) mice. Similarly, WT cardiomyocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) demonstrated decreases in contractility and calcium transient amplitude that were not observed in PKCδ KO cardiomyocytes. LPS treatment decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores in WT cardiomyocytes, which correlated with increased ryanodine receptor-2 oxidation in WT hearts but not PKCδ KO hearts after sepsis. LPS exposure increased mitochondrial ROS and decreased mitochondrial inner membrane potential in WT cardiomyocytes. This corresponded to morphologic changes consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction such as decreased overall size and cristae disorganization. Increased cellular ROS and changes in mitochondrial morphology were not observed in PKCδ KO cardiomyocytes. These data show that PKCδ is required in the pathophysiology of SIC by generating ROS and promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PKCδ is a potential target for cardiac protection during sepsis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sepsis is often complicated by cardiac dysfunction, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Our work shows that the protein PKCδ is required for decreased cardiac contractility during sepsis. Mice with deletion of PKCδ are protected from cardiac dysfunction after sepsis. PKCδ causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac myocytes, and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress improves contractility in wild-type cardiomyocytes. Thus, PKCδ is a potential target for cardiac protection during sepsis.
A Switch in Time: The Academic Effects of Shifting Math Remediation from College to High School
Authors: Boatman Angela , Bennett Christopher T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne explanation for negative or null findings in prior research on postsecondary remediation is that college may be too late to address issues of academic underpreparedness. This study evaluates the impact on student outcomes when college math remediation is offered in the senior year of high school. The Seamless Alignment and Integrated Learning Support (SAILS) program in Tennessee targets students with low eleventh-grade ACT math scores. Students who pass SAILS in twelfth grade can enroll directly in college-level math courses at any Tennessee community college. Using a triple-difference design, we exploit variation in students’ treatment status based on ACT math scores (remediation-eligible versus remediation-ineligible), high school adoption of SAILS (first cohort versus later cohort), and senior year (before versus during first SAILS year). We find that SAILS-eligible students in the first cohort were significantly less likely to enroll in remedial math courses in college, and more likely to enroll in and pass college-level math overall. These students also earn 2.8 additional credits by their second year. We detect no significant differences in high school graduation rates, college enrollment, or postsecondary credential attainment within two years. The program advanced progress toward several, but not all, of the potential goals examined.
“I hope you can let this go”/ “Ich hoffe, Sie können das fallen lassen”—Focus on the Perlocutionary in Contrastive Pragmatics
Authors: Kramsch Claire 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Pragmatics has focused predominantly on the locutionary form and illocutionary force of utterances but largely ignored their perlocutionary effects. A shift toward the perlocutionary would require much greater attention being given to the historical and political context in the production and reception of utterances, as well as to interpretation as a performative process. This paper takes as empirical data a press report on the performance of a particular speech act by Donald Trump and its perlocutionary effect both on his addressee and on the readers of the incident as reported in the online versions of the New York Times and Die Zeit. It shows the value of focusing on perlocution for the study of political discourse in these global times. It also shows what pedagogical purchase can be gained by discussing perlocutionary acts and effects in communicative language teaching, rather than focusing exclusively on illocutionary acts.
Job-Task Analysis of Vision Rehabilitation Therapists
Authors: Connors Elyse M. , McMahon John M. , Lee Helen 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: One way to understand a profession is to examine the job tasks undertaken by professionals within the field. The profession of vision rehabilitation therapy is examined by finding the frequency at which 100 specific job tasks are performed on average by current vision rehabilitation therapists (VRTs). Fifty-one of the job task frequencies are compared to 1989 frequencies for changes across the last 28 years. Methods: An anonymous online survey was carried out with current and recently retired VRTs. Participants were asked to rate the frequency at which they perform 100 specific job tasks and 13 demographic questions. Results: One hundred eighty-nine practitioners completed the survey. Mean frequencies for the 100 job tasks fell between a low of 1.08 (slightly above “do not perform the task”) for “writes grants for funding of agency services” and a high of 5.51 (above “perform 4 or 5 times a week”) for “writes case notes and reports for documentation.” Half of the 51 comparable job tasks indicated statistically significant changes in frequency across the 28-year period. Discussion: Statistically significant changes in job task frequencies occurred across job roles of teaching, case management, and professional or administrative activities, indicating that many aspects of the therapist’s job have changed. Individualized teaching remains a common aspect of the job, personalizing the skills taught and the teaching methods, for the individual client. VRTs are less frequently providing consultation to medical and community organizations. Implications for practitioners: The results presented provide an understanding of current job tasks of a practicing VRT. Understanding the changing trends of job tasks may inform university personnel preparation programs to better prepare students for employment demands. Decreasing community outreach may negatively affect the visibility of blind rehabilitation services and inadvertently affect referrals for vision rehabilitation therapy services.
Treatment of Nonunion in the Mandible After Orthognathic Surgery to Correct Transverse Asymmetry of the Face
Authors: Faria Paulo Esteves Pinto , Chihara Letícia Liana , Sakima Victor , Sant’Ana Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The present study aims to report the reoperation of an unsuccessful orthognathic surgery with the use of heterogeneous graft and hybrid rigid internal fixation. Case Report: We report the case of V.M.S., a 19-year-old female patient with the main complaint of “crooked chin.” The patient revealed that she previously underwent two operations that were conducted by a different team. The first surgery was carried out to correct the dentofacial deformity, while the second one was intended to eliminate a postoperative infection. After a detailed anamnesis, facial analysis, cephalometric analysis with tomography, and examination of gypsum models, we observed mandibular left-handedness and vertical maxillary excess on the right side. In addition to these previously reported problems, there was a nonunion in the region of the sagittal fracture of the left jaw. Results: The patient underwent surgery to correct dentofacial deformity using the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy technique and bilateral sagittal osteotomy with hybrid rigid internal fixation plus mentoplasty. Conclusion: Six months following the procedure and orthodontic completion, the patient has a satisfactory occlusion and stability of nonunion without the laterognathism in the skeletal and soft tissue profile.