bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed germination ecology of Viola calaminaria, an endangered metallophyte with a narrow distribution
Authors: Godefroid Sandrine , Van de Vyver Ann 
Published: November 2019

AbstractViola calaminaria is an endangered metallophyte endemic to a small area close to the border between Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, where it grows on rock outcrops rich in heavy metals (zinc, lead and cadmium). Because V. calaminaria reproduces mainly by seeds, it is of crucial importance to understand its germination requirements. Germination percentage and speed at constant (11–25°C) and alternating (23/09°C) temperatures were investigated in five large populations. Germination percentage was positively correlated to seed weight. Germination was low (<25%) at 11 and 16°C, intermediate (around 65%) between 20 and 25°C and the highest (93%) at the alternating temperature regime (23/09°C). V. calaminaria is a slow germinator requiring 41 days on average to germinate at 23/09°C and considerably more at 20 to 25°C (105 days on average). Our results also highlighted that the species is desiccation tolerant and can therefore be safely conserved under standard seed bank conditions.
The emerging contribution of speech and language therapists in awake craniotomy: a national survey of their roles, practices and perceptions
Authors: O'Neill Michelle , Henderson Mo , Duffy Orla M. , Kernohan W. George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAwake craniotomy with electrical stimulation has become the gold standard for tumour resection in eloquent areas of the brain. Patients’ speech during the procedure can inform the intervention and evidence for language experts to support the procedure is building. Within the UK a burgeoning speech and language therapist awake craniotomy network has emerged to support this practice. Further evidence is needed to underpin the specific contribution of speech and language therapists working within the awake craniotomy service.AimsTo investigate and analyse the current practices of speech and language therapists: their role, pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative assessment, and management practice patterns and skill set within awake craniotomy.Methods & ProceduresSpeech and language therapists in the UK, who work in awake craniotomy, were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited via several networks supported by a social media campaign. Data were analysed using a mixed methodology approach including descriptive statistics, summative and conventional content analysis.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 24 speech and language therapists completed the survey, an unknown proportion of the available population. All four UK countries were represented. The majority were highly specialist clinicians 58% (n = 14) with the remainder clinical leads 25% (n = 6) or specialist clinicians 17% (n = 14). Only 29% (n = 7) had funding for awake craniotomy or had awake craniotomy in their job description. Median experience with awake craniotomy was 3 years. Median estimated contact time per case was 10.3 h. Current intraoperative practice is characterized by a sustained period of real‐time, dynamic, informal assessment of speech, language, oromotor and cognitive functions. Respondents described a range of intraoperative clinical deficits that, once detected, are immediately communicated to surgeons. There was evidence of variable and diverse language mapping practices and barriers to the translation of information at multidisciplinary team level. Barriers to participation in awake craniotomy included lack of: standardized validated language mapping methods, funding, standardized training methods and guidance to direct practice.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe evidence suggests areas of consistent practice patterns in preoperative preparation and intraoperative assessment. However, considerable variability exists within language testing and mapping that would benefit from validation. These speech and language therapists support improved outcomes of awake craniotomy by real‐time intraoperative speech, language, oromotor and cognitive assessment, rapid detection of clinical deterioration and immediate communication to surgeons. Further research exploring intraoperative language testing, consistent use of language mapping terminology, and selection of test methods is recommended.
Insecticide susceptibility of Culex pipiens pallens (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuke) to five commonly used pesticides in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Yang Young Cheol , Kim Hyunah , Jang Chang‐Won , Chang Kyu‐Sik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractField collected populations of two mosquito species, Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus, were tested for susceptibility to five pyrethroid insecticides using a topical application bioassay. The laboratory strain of Cx. pipiens pallens (KS‐CP) demonstrated the most and the lowest susceptibility to deltamethrin and d‐cis/trans prallethrine with LD50 values of 0.00022 μg/♀ and 0.00178 μg/♀, respectively, while Ae. albopictus (KS‐AL) showed the greatest and the lowest susceptibility to phthalethrin and deltamethrin with LD50 values of 0.00015 μg/♀ and 0.00085 μg/♀, respectively. Cx. pipiens pallens (JF‐CP) collected at a nearby rice field in Jeonju showed the greatest susceptibility to deltamethrin (LD50 value of 0.0473 μg/♀) and the resistance ratios (RRs) and compared to the laboratory strain were 215 fold greater. JF‐CP demonstrated the lowest susceptibility to d‐cis/trans phenothrin (0.7697 μg/♀) with RRs 711.0 fold greater than the KS‐CP. An Ae. albopictus (JF‐AL) collected at a nearby forest in Jeonju showed the highest susceptibility to deltamethrin (0.00203 μg/♀) with RRs 2.4 fold greater than the KS‐AL. JF‐AL demonstrated the lowest susceptibility to d‐cis/trans prallethrine (LD50 value 0.00646 μg/♀) with RRs 9.4 fold greater than the KS‐AL. JF‐AL demonstrated the greatest resistance to phthalethrin with RRs 39.3 fold greater than the KS‐AL. Resistance ratios of Cx. pipiens pallens between field and laboratory strains ranged from 215.0 to 711.0 and Ae. albopictus ranged from 2.4 to 39.3. These results indicate that the choice of effective insecticides to selected species of mosquito populations will result in more effective control against field strains of mosquito vectors and decrease environmental pollution.
Ultrasonic Cutting as a New Method to Produce Fresh‐Cut Red Delicious and Golden Delicious Apples
Authors: Yildiz Gulcin , Palma Sindy , Feng Hao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fresh‐cut or sliced apple market has grown rapidly in recent years due to consumers’ demand for fresh, convenient, and nutritious foods. Fresh‐cut apples also contributed to increased consumption of fruits among school children. However, not many studies have investigated means to improve the quality of fresh‐cut apples. In this study, we explored the use of ultrasound as a new method to cut apples and examined the quality of two apple varieties (Red Delicious and Golden Delicious) cut with ultrasound. Both apple types were cut without (control) and with ultrasound at four amplitudes (0%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) with an ultrasonic knife. Quality attributes, for example, color, pH, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, surface morphology, and sensory characteristics (color, odor, overall acceptability, and off‐odor) of the apples right after cutting and during a 2‐week storage at refrigeration temperature were compared. With the set up used in this study, both apples cut with ultrasound exhibited a relatively dense and smooth surface morphology with less cell damage compared with the relatively rough surface and more cells damage in the control. An improvement in quality attributes was observed when the ultrasound amplitude was increased from 30% to 50%. The apples cut with ultrasound had a lower PPO activity compared to the control, indicating less browning. In visual quality evaluation, panelists showed higher liking of the apples cut with ultrasound. The ultrasound‐assisted cutting has showed promise for producing fresh‐cut apples with improved quality, and may be used as an alternative to traditional cutting method.Practical ApplicationFresh‐cut produce has gained popularity in recent years due to its health benefits. Traditional methods to produce fresh produce use a static stainless steel blade to cut fruits or vegetables, causing chemical or visual quality issues. This study proposed a new method using a blade that vibrates at ultrasonic frequency to cut apples. The results have shown an improvement in the quality of fresh‐cut apples. This method may provide a new solution for producing fresh‐cut produce to better meet the requirement of consumers for quality products.
Relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid level in the general Korean population: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jung Jae Hyun , Seok Hongdeok , Choi Sung Jae , Kim Cholhee , Bang Cho Hee , Song Gwan Gyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveCoffee is one of the world's most consumed beverages, and its consumption is increasing. Serum uric acid levels are affected by dietary factors, and increased levels can cause a variety of diseases, including gout. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid levels in the general Korean population.MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016. A total of 3005 participants who checked serum uric acid levels and a completed coffee consumption survey were included (1146 men and 1859 women). The amount of coffee consumption was examined via self‐reporting and categorized as none, <1 cup, 1‐2 cups, 2‐5 cups, and ≥5 cups of coffee consumed daily.ResultsThe mean serum uric acid level of the men was 5.91 ± 1.24 mg/dL and that of women was 4.29 ± 0.97 mg/dL. In the multiple linear regression analysis, there were no significant differences in the serum uric acid levels between the non‐coffee‐drinking group and the coffee‐drinking group (<1 cup, 1‐2 cups, 2‐5 cups, and ≥5 cups of coffee) in both men and women (P = .569, .258, .466, and .751, respectively, in men; .185, .520, .116, and .302, respectively, in women).ConclusionsThere was no significant relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid levels in the general Korean population.
DBTree: Very large phylogenies in portable databases
Authors: Vos Rutger A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Growing numbers of large phylogenetic syntheses are being published. Sometimes as part of a hypothesis testing framework, sometimes to present novel methods of phylogenetic inference, and sometimes as a snapshot of the diversity within a database. Commonly used methods to reuse these trees in scripting environments have their limitations.

I present a toolkit that transforms data presented in the most commonly used format for such trees into a database schema that facilitates quick topological queries. Specifically, the need for recursive traversal commonly presented by schemata based on adjacency lists is largely obviated. This is accomplished by computing pre‐ and post‐order indexes and node heights on the topology as it is being ingested.

The resulting toolkit provides several command line tools to do the transformation and to extract subtrees from the resulting database files. In addition, reusable library code with object–relational mappings for programmatic access is provided. To demonstrate the utility of the general approach I also provide database files for trees published by Open Tree of Life, Greengenes, D‐PLACE, PhyloTree, the NCBI taxonomy and a recent estimate of plant phylogeny.

The database files that the toolkit produces are highly portable (either as SQLite or tabular text) and can readily be queried, for example, in the R environment. Programming languages with mature frameworks for object‐relational mapping and phylogenetic tree analysis, such as Python, can use these facilities to make much larger phylogenies conveniently accessible to researcher programmers.
The Impact of Selecting Specific Cohorts for Benchmarking and Interpretation of Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction Scores
Authors: Archual Gregory M. , Panchal Ashish R. , Angelos Mark G. , Way David P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesEmergency departments (EDs) patient satisfaction metrics are highly valued by hospitals, health systems, and payers, yet these metrics are challenging to analyze and interpret. Accurate interpretation involves selection of the most appropriate peer group for benchmark comparisons. We hypothesized that the selection of different benchmark peer groups would yield different interpretations of Press Ganey (PG) patient satisfaction scores.MethodsEmergency department PG summary ratings of “doctors section” and “likelihood‐to‐recommend” raw scores and corresponding percentiles were derived for three benchmark peer groups from three academic years (2016, 2017, and 2018). The three benchmarks are: 1) the PG Large database; 2) the PG University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) database; and 3) the Academy of Administrators in Academic Emergency Medicine (AAAEM) database, which is composed only of EDs from academic health centers with emergency medicine residency training programs. Raw scores were converted to percentile ranks for each distribution and then compared using Welch’s ANOVA and Games‐Howell pairwise comparisons.ResultsFor both patient satisfaction raw scores evaluated, the AAAEM database was noted to have significantly higher percentile ranks when compared to the PG Large and PG UHC databases. These results were consistent for all three time frames assessed.ConclusionsBenchmarking with different peer groups provides different results, with similar patient satisfaction raw scores resulting in higher percentile ranks using the AAAEM database compared to the two PG databases. The AAAEM database should be considered the most appropriate peer group for benchmarking academic EDs.
Attachment security and attention to facial emotional expressions in preschoolers: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Kammermeier Marina , Duran Perez Lena , König Lilith , Paulus Markus 
Published: November 2019

According to attachment theory, internal working models of attachment affect the way in which social and emotional information is processed. The current study examined this theoretical claim by investigating the association between attachment security and attention to facial emotional expressions in 5‐year‐old children. Attachment security was assessed on a representational level using an Attachment Story Completion Task. Children's attention to facial emotional expressions was measured during an eye‐tracking task. Gaze data (fixation duration) were collected during the presentation of pictures displaying five different facial emotional expressions (neutral, angry, fearful, sad, and happy) of unfamiliar persons. Moreover, the Emotionality‐Activity‐Sociability Temperament Inventory was used to control for children's temperament and was filled out by children's mothers. Regression analyses revealed that attachment security was a significant predictor of children's attention to neutral and sad expressions while controlling for age, gender, and temperament. Moreover, a t‐test revealed that securely attached children looked longer at the fearful expression than insecurely attached children. These findings provide direct evidence that even on a basic perceptional level attachment security is a predictor of children's emotional information processing.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Attachment representations substantially affect the way in which emotional information is processed.

Insecure attachment representations are negatively related to children's attention to emotional stimuli.

What does this study add?

Eye‐tracking technology was used to measure children's visual attention to facial emotional expressions.

Secure attachment was related to prolonged visual attention to neutral and negative facial emotional expressions.

Attachment security influences children's emotional information processing even on a basic perceptual level.
Zero Hours Contracts and Their Growth
Authors: Farina Egidio , Green Colin , McVicar Duncan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article studies the prevalence and nature of zero hours contracts (ZHCs) in the UK labour market. It is widely argued that the headline count of ZHC workers based on the Labour Force Survey historically underestimated the number of workers in ZHC jobs. Here, we argue that this likely continues to be the case, particularly if one considers other, similar, no‐guaranteed‐hours jobs alongside ZHCs. ZHC jobs and workers are heterogeneous, but ZHCs have become increasingly concentrated among young workers, full‐time students, migrants, black and minority ethnic workers, in personal service and elementary occupations, and in the distribution, accommodation and restaurant sector over time. Compared to other forms of employment, median wages in ZHC jobs have also fallen. The most common prior labour market state for ZHC workers is non‐ZHC employment, particularly part‐time employment, with part of the reported growth in ZHCs driven by reclassification of existing employment relationships. Finally, we show that growth in public awareness of ZHCs contributed substantially to recent growth in reported ZHCs, particularly over the period 2013/14.
A Survey of Visual Analytics for Public Health
Authors: Preim Bernhard , Lawonn Kai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe visual analytics solutions aiming to support public health professionals, and thus, preventive measures. Prevention aims at advocating behaviour and policy changes likely to improve human health. Public health strives to limit the outbreak of acute diseases as well as the reduction of chronic diseases and injuries. For this purpose, data are collected to identify trends in human health, to derive hypotheses, e.g. related to risk factors, and to get insights in the data and the underlying phenomena. Most public health data have a temporal character. Moreover, the spatial character, e.g. spatial clustering of diseases, needs to be considered for decision‐making. Visual analytics techniques involve (subspace) clustering, interaction techniques to identify relevant subpopulations, e.g. being particularly vulnerable to diseases, imputation of missing values, visual queries as well as visualization and interaction techniques for spatio‐temporal data. We describe requirements, tasks and visual analytics techniques that are widely used in public health before going into detail with respect to applications. These include outbreak surveillance and epidemiology research, e.g. cancer epidemiology. We classify the solutions based on the visual analytics techniques employed. We also discuss gaps in the current state of the art and resulting research opportunities in a research agenda to advance visual analytics support in public health.
Evolutionary subspace clustering using variable genome length
Authors: Peignier Sergio , Rigotti Christophe , Beslon Guillaume 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubspace clustering is a data‐mining task that groups similar data objects and at the same time searches the subspaces where similarities appear. For this reason, subspace clustering is recognized as more general and complicated than standard clustering. In this article, we present ChameleoClust+, a bioinspired evolutionary subspace clustering algorithm that takes advantage of an evolvable genome structure to detect various numbers of clusters located in different subspaces. ChameleoClust+ incorporates several biolike features such as a variable genome length, both functional and nonfunctional elements, and mutation operators including large rearrangements. It was assessed and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods on a reference benchmark using both real‐world and synthetic data sets. Although other algorithms may need complex parameter settings, ChameleoClust+ needs to set only one subspace clustering ad hoc and intuitive parameter: the maximal number of clusters. The remaining parameters of ChameleoClust+ are related to the evolution strategy (eg, population size, mutation rate), and a single setting for all of them turned out to be effective for all the benchmark data sets. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to study the impact of each parameter on the subspace clustering quality.
Contribution of European forests to safeguard wild honeybee populations
Authors: Requier Fabrice , Paillet Yoan , Laroche Fabien , Rutschmann Benjamin , Zhang Jie , Lombardi Fabio , Svoboda Miroslav , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies reveal the use of tree cavities by wild honeybee colonies in European forests. This highlights the conservation potential of forests for a highly threatened component of the native entomofauna in Europe, but currently no estimate of potential wild honeybee population sizes exists. Here, we analyzed the tree cavity densities of 106 forest areas across Europe and inferred an expected population size of wild honeybees. Both forest and management types affected the density of tree cavities. Accordingly, we estimated that more than 80,000 wild honeybee colonies could be sustained in European forests. As expected, potential conservation hotspots were identified in unmanaged forests, and, surprisingly, also in other large forest areas across Europe. Our results contribute to the EU policy strategy to halt pollinator declines and reveal the potential of forest areas for the conservation of so far neglected wild honeybee populations in Europe.
Input Trade Liberalization and the Export Duration of Products: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Dinggen , Yang Jingjing , Lai Mingyong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a quasi‐natural experimental framework into trade policy evaluation and reassesses China's trade liberalization through the survival of export products. We use propensity score matching and China's dual trade system to design a quasi‐natural experiment based on Chinese industrial enterprises, customs import and export, and tariff data over the period of 2000–2006; we then use survival analysis to study the impacts of China's trade liberalization on the export duration of manufacturing firms’ products. We find that the substantial reduction in import tariffs after China's accession to the World Trade Organization enhances the export duration of firm products, indicating that trade liberalization ameliorates the survival of export products. The promotion effects of tariff reduction on export duration are obviously stronger for core products than for noncore products.