bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical inactivity as a risk factor to mortality by ischemic heart disease during economic and political crisis in Brazil
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos 
Published: October 2020

Background
To investigate the burden of mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to low levels of physical activity in the Brazilian population (aged ≥ 25 years) before, during and after economic and political crises (2007–2017).

Methods
This study was focused on IHD as a cause of death. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (10th revision) codes related to IHD have been mapped. The data used for the physical activity estimates of the present study refer to surveys with random sampling carried out in the Brazilian territory that considers all domains of physical activity. The contribution of physical activity for mortality due to IHD was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach. In addition, we verified the association between mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity according to the Socio-demographic Index of the Brazilian states.

Results
For males it was estimated that in 2007 and 2017 there were, respectively, 9,585 and 11,821 deaths due to IHD as a result low physical activity. For females there were 8,689 deaths in 2007 and 10,779 deaths in 2017 due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. From 2007 to 2017, there was 12.0% (for males) and 16.0% (for females) of reduction in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. This reduction was not observed in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil for the male population. Brazilian states with better socioeconomic conditions showed greater reductions in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity (male: ρ = −0.74; female: ρ = −0.54)

Conclusion
The fiscal austerity policies implemented and the lower investment in social programs in the period of economic and political crisis highlighted the social inequalities between Brazilian geographic regions for the burden of mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity.
Heuristic scheduling of capital constrained projects
Authors: Smith‐Daniels Dwight E. , Padman Rema , Smith‐Daniels Vicki L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe movement to product and process development projects that involve joint ventures among strategic partners, as well as the increasing prevalence of projects within organizations has led to increased implementation of project scheduling methods. It is frequently the case that a capital constraint is placed on a project, thus limiting the number and value of activities that can be scheduled to occur simultaneously. However, the quantity of capital available to schedule activities can increase as additional cash is received as progress payments for completed activities. Since the project manager'so objective is to maximize project Net Present Value (NPV), it is important for the manager to develop a schedule that balances the early receipt of progress payments (which improve NPV and increase the capital balance available), with the delay of particularly large expenditures. Due to the intractability of optimal methods, the use of heuristic methods is required to solve problems of practical size. This paper presents the first test of heuristic methods for solving this problem. We use information from a relaxed optimization‐guided model that employs information from the unconstrained NPV‐optimal problem in heuristic procedure for solving the capital constrained problem. An experimental design is employed to test the heuristics that includes multiple factor levels for a number of project characteristics, including capital utilization, frequency of progress payments, and project network structure. The results indicate very good relative performance for the optimization‐guided procedures as compared to two benchmark heuristics.
Anterior pituitary response to stress : time‐related changes and adaptation
Authors: Martí Octavi , Armario Antonio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA wide array of physical and psychological stressors alter the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. However, both the qualitative and the quantitative features of the stressors as well as its duration markedly influence the final endocrine response. In addition, among all anterior pituitary hormones, only ACTH and prolactin levels appear to reflect the intensity of the stress experienced by the animals. Although physical stressors show a somewhat specific neuroendocrine profile, the response of the pituitary‐adrenal (PA) and sympathomedulloadrenal axes are common to almost all stressors. After an initial stimulatory effect of stress, an inhibition of all anterior pituitary hormones, except ACTH, can be found provided the stressor is intense enough. The mechanisms responsible for this biphasic response to stress are likely to be located at sites above the pituitary. When the animals are repeatedly exposed to the same stressor, some behavioural and physiological consequences of stress exposure are reduced, suggesting that the animals become adapted to the stimulus. This process has been also termed habituation. Among all the pituitary hormones, only ACTH and prolactin levels are reduced as a consequence of repeated exposure to the same (homotypic) stressor, although some negative results have been reported. However, it has been recently reported that subtle changes in the characteristics of the stressors or in their regularity can greatly influence adaptation, and these factors might explain failure to find adaptation of ACTH and prolactin in some works. Habituation of ACTH and prolactin, when observed, appears to be specific for the chronically applied stressor so that the potentiality of the PA axis and prolactin to respond to a novel (heterotypic) stressor can be preserved. In the case of the PA axis, an intact or potentiated response to a novel stressor is observed in spite of presumably negative feedback exerted by daily stress‐induced glucocorticoid release and the high resting levels of glucocorticoids. This phenomenon has been termed as facilitation and can be unmasked alternating stress. Although with the exception of the PA axis, developmental aspects of anterior pituitary response to stress have been poorly studied, available data suggest that dramatic changes occur in some hormones during weaning, with some, but less profound, changes thereafter. Responsiveness to stressors appears to mature with age, but developmental patterns differ among the various anterior pituitary hormones.
Gap junction intercellular communication in gliomas is inversely related to cell motility
Authors: McDonough Wendy S. , Johansson Angie , Joffee Hylton , Giese Alf , Berens Michael E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGliomas are lethal because of local invasion into brain parenchyma. Glioma cells were isolated from different regions (white matter, gray matter and tumor core) of a glioma‐bearing dog brain. Individual clonal cell lines were established from each area, and characterized for growth, migration and gap junctions. The regional clonal cell lines differed in rates and preferred substrate for migration. Cell lines generated from invaded white matter showed stimulated migration on collagen and variable migration on merosin, whereas migration of cell lines derived from invaded gray matter showed the reciprocal responses: stimulation on merosin and inhibition on collagen. Gap junctional communication showed significant degrees of variation between the different clones. A direct inverse relationship between the number of cells demonstrating gap junctional communication and migration rate of cells away from multicellular spheroids was evident. Glioma cells which have a reduced capacity to connect to each other have an accelerated migration rate onto autologous, glioma‐derived matrix. These results suggest that invasive glioma cells suppress autologous cell‐to‐cell cohesion, partly evident as reduced formation of gap junctions. In addition, glioma cells were stimulated to migrate in a dose‐dependant manner in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) coincident with the reduction of Cx43 levels and increased serine phosphorylation. We speculate that in order for glioma cells to invade locally into brain parenchyma they must first detach from neighboring cells (“let go…let's go” paradigm of invasion).
QT interval lengthening in cardiac disease relates more to left ventricular systolic dysfunction than to autonomic function
Authors: Davey Patrick 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:There are multiple influences on the QTc interval, including the autonomic nervous system. Which influence is the principal determinant of the variation in QTc interval between different cardiac diseases is not yet clear, though some studies have suggested that the QTc interval primarily reflects sympatho‐vagal balance. This study investigated this claim further.Aim:To determine if autonomic tone was the prime determinant of variation in the QTc interval between subjects with different cardiac diseases.MethodsSubjects with different cardiac diseases were studied, QTc interval determined and correlated with three different measures of the autonomic nervous system, that of baroreflex sensitivity, catecholamine levels (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and sympatho‐vagal balance as determined by power spectrum analysis.Results:47 subjects were studied, comprising 17 subjects with heart failure, 14 subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy and 16 control subjects. For the group as a whole there was no relationship between QTc interval and any measure of the autonomic nervous system function, but there was a reasonable relationship between fractional shortening and QTc interval (r = 0.47, P < 0.003). For subjects with an echocardiographic fractional shortenings less than 0.35 (which correlates with an ejection fraction of < 50%), a strong relationship between fractional shortening and QTc interval remained (r = 0.57, P < 0.002), but in addition a relationship between QTc interval and catecholamine levels developed (for epinephrine: r = 0.67, P < 0.002; and for norepinephrine: r = 0.62, P < 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that fractional shortening and epinephrine levels were independently related to QTc interval.Conclusion:In subjects with a variety of cardiac diseases, the prime determinant of QTc interval is left ventricular systolic performance rather than the autonomic nervous system, though in subjects with low normal and less fractional shortenings catecholamine levels are independently related to QTc interval.
Clinical trials update: highlights of the scientific sessions of the XXIII Congress of the European Society of Cardiology — WARIS II, ESCAMI, PAFAC, RITZ‐1 and TIME
Authors: Coletta Alison P. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article continues a series of reports updating recent research developments of particular interest to personnel involved in the treatment and management of patients with heart failure. This is a summary of selected presentations made at the Scientific Sessions of the XXIII Annual Congress of the European Society of Cardiology. Summaries of the following clinical studies are included: WARIS‐II, ESCAMI, PAFAC, RITZ‐I and TIME.
Perineal Trauma: Prevention and Treatment
Authors: McCandlish Rona 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis article examines two aspects of routine midwifery practice: management of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor and management and repair of perineal injury. Although some aspects of perineal management and repair have been researched and there is reliable evidence on which to base practice, there remains a considerable and urgent collaborative clinical research agenda that midwives should actively pursue.
Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of occupational health services in a tertiary hospital in Singapore
Authors: Hwang Jeff , Yong Elsie , Cheong Karen , Ling Zheng Jye , Goh Lay Hoon , Lim Fong Seng , Loh Victor , Bagdasarian Natasha , Somani Jyoti , Archuleta Sophia , Sng Judy , Lim See Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With coronavirus disease 2019 declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, occupational health services in a tertiary hospital in Singapore stepped up via a three-pronged approach, namely, protection of individual staff, protection of staff workforce, and prevention of nosocomial spread so as to support business continuity plans. Despite the multiple new challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospital’s occupational health services were able to adapt and keep all employees and patients safe with strong support from senior management and close collaboration with various departments.
Vaccination against HPV: boosting coverage and tackling misinformation
Authors: Bigaard Janne , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: October 2020

The availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and screening tests has raised the possibility of globally eliminating cervical cancer, which is caused by HPV. Cervical cancer is a very common malignancy worldwide, especially among deprived women. High vaccination coverage is key to the containment and eventual elimination of the infection. Public HPV vaccination programmes in Italy and Denmark were swiftly established and are among the most successful worldwide. Still, in both countries, it has been challenging to achieve and maintain the recommended coverage of > 80% in girls. In a well‐studied Italian region, vaccination coverage in girls at age 15 years (World Health Organization's gold standard) reached 76% in 2015 but decreased to 69% in 2018, likely due to work overload in public immunization centres. In Denmark, doubts about safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccine generated a decline in coverage among girls age 12–17, from 80% in 2013 down to 37% in 2015, when remedial actions made it rise again. Insights from these two countries are shared to illustrate the importance of monitoring coverage in a digital vaccine registry and promptly reacting to misinformation about vaccination.
Community Mall for all generations
Authors: Mizukami Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe renovation of a 28‐year‐old supermarket is planned as one of the main facilities of the Aburatsu Shopping Street Regeneration Project in Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. The building, with its steel rigid frame structure, is partially reduced and divided into two buildings to create an outdoor space, thereby creating a complex facility that contains a meeting area and six eating and drinking establishments.
Detectability of fiducials’ positions for real‐time target tracking system equipping with a standard linac for multiple fiducial markers
Authors: Ono Shunsuke , Ueda Yoshihiro , Ohira Shingo , Isono Masaru , Sumida Iori , Inui Shoki , Morimoto Masahiro , Ashida Reiko , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Teshima Teruki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the detectability of fiducial markers’ positions for real‐time target tracking system equipping with a standard linac. The hypothesis is that the detectability depends on the type of fiducial marker and the gantry angle of acquired triggered images.MethodsThree types of ball fiducials and four slim fiducials with lengths of 3 and 5 mm were prepared for this study. Triggered images with three similar fiducials were acquired at every 10° during the conformal arc irradiation to detect the target position. Although only one type of arrangement was prepared for the ball fiducials, a three‐type arrangement was prepared for the slim fiducials, such as parallel, orthogonal, and oblique with 45° to the gantry‐couch direction. To measure the detectability of the real‐time target tracking system for each fiducial and arrangement, detected marker positions were compared with expected marker positions at every angle of acquired triggered images.ResultsFor the ball‐type fiducial, the maximum difference between the detected marker positions and expected marker positions was 0.3 mm in all directions. For the slim fiducial arranged parallel and oblique with 45°, the maximum difference was 0.4 mm in all directions. When each slim fiducial was arranged orthogonal to the gantry‐couch direction, the maximum difference was 1.5 mm for the length of 3 mm, and 3.2 mm for the length of 5 mm.ConclusionsThe detectability of fiducial markers’ positions for the real‐time target tracking system equipping with a standard linac depends on the form and insertion angles of the fiducials.
Novel NUDT2 variant causes intellectual disability and polyneuropathy
Authors: Diaz Frank , Khosa Shaweta , Niyazov Dmitriy , Lee Hane , Person Richard , Morrow Michelle M. , Signer Rebecca , Dorrani Naghmeh , Zheng Allison , Herzog Matthew , Freundlich Robert ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Birath J. Brandon , Cervantes‐Manzo Yurivia , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. , Palmer Christina , Nelson Stanley F. , Fogel Brent L. , Mishra Shri K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExome or genome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic etiology for the clinical presentation of global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and sensorimotor neuropathy with associated distal weakness in two unrelated families. A homozygous frameshift variant c.186delA (p.A63Qfs*3) in the NUDT2 gene was identified in cases 1 and 2 from one family and a third case from another family. Variants in NUDT2 were previously shown to cause intellectual disability, but here we expand the phenotype by demonstrating its association with distal upper and lower extremity weakness due to a sensorimotor polyneuropathy with demyelinating and/or axonal features.
Management of Rheumatic Diseases During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A National Veterans Affairs Survey of Rheumatologists
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Richards John S. , Chang Elizabeth , Joseph Amy , Ng Bernard 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the experience, views, and opinions of rheumatology providers at Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities about rheumatic disease health care issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe performed an anonymized cross‐sectional survey, conducted from April 16 to May 18, 2020, of VA rheumatology providers. We assessed provider perspectives on COVID‐19 issues and resilience.ResultsOf the 153 eligible VA rheumatologists, 103 (67%) completed the survey. A significant proportion of providers reported a ≥50% increase related to COVID‐19 in visits by telephone (53%), video‐based VA video connect (VVC; 44%), and clinical video telehealth with a facilitator (29%). A majority of the responders were somewhat or very comfortable with technology for providing health care to established patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic using telephone (87%), VVC (64%), and in‐person visits (54%). A smaller proportion were comfortable with technology providing health care to new patients. At least 65% of rheumatologists considered telephone visits appropriate for established patients with gout, osteoporosis, polymyalgia rheumatica, stable rheumatoid arthritis, stable spondyloarthritis, or osteoarthritis; 32% reported a rheumatology medication shortage. Adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity, high provider resilience was associated with significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) of comfort with technology for telephone (OR 3.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1–9.7]) and VVC visits for new patients (OR 4.7 [95% CI 1.4–15.7]).ConclusionA better understanding of COVID‐19 rheumatic disease health care issues using a health‐system approach can better inform providers, improve provider satisfaction, and have positive effects on the care of veterans with rheumatic disease.
Flexible and Stretchable Fiber‐Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Biomechanical Monitoring and Human‐Interactive Sensing
Authors: Ning Chuan , Dong Kai , Cheng Renwei , Yi Jia , Ye Cuiying , Peng Xiao , Sheng Feifan , Jiang Yang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWearable, flexible, and even stretchable tactile sensors, such as various types of electronic skin, have attracted extensive attention, which can adapt to complex and irregular surfaces, maximize the matching of wearable devices, and conformally apply onto human organs. However, it is a great challenge to simultaneously achieve breathability, permeability, and comfortability for their development. Herein, mitigating the problem by miniaturizing and integrating the sensors is tried. Highly flexible and stretchable coaxial structure fiber‐shaped triboelectric nanogenerators (F‐TENGs) with a diameter of 0.63 mm are created by orderly depositing conductive material of silver nanowires/carbon nanotubes and encapsulated polydimethylsiloxane onto the stretchable spandex fiber. As a self‐powered multifunctional sensor, the resulting composite fiber can convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals without affecting the normal human body. Moreover, the F‐TENGs can be easily integrated into traditional textiles to form tactile sensor arrays. Through the tactile sensor arrays, the real‐time tactile trajectory and pressure distribution can be precisely mapped. This work may provide a new method to fabricate fiber‐based pressure sensors with high sensitivity and stretchability, which have great application prospects in personal healthcare monitoring and human–machine interactions.
Self‐Assemblies of Fe3O4 Nanocrystals: Toward Nanoscale Precision of Photothermal Effects in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Nicolas‐Boluda Alba , Yang Zhijie , Guilbert Thomas , Fouassier Laura , Carn Florent , Gazeau Florence , Pileni Marie Paule 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFe3O4 nanocrystals are self‐assembled into two different conformations: colloidosome and supraball that confer them with distinct properties determining their photo‐induced heating capacities. These self‐assemblies are assessed for photothermal therapy, an adjuvant strategy for tumor therapy. The tumor microenvironment is a heterogeneous ecosystem including immune cells and the extracellular matrix. The interactions between photothermal therapy agents and the different components of the tumor microenvironment determine the outcome of this therapy. In this study, the fate of both colloidosomes and supraballs within the tumor microenvironment in comparison to their Fe3O4 nanocrystal building blocks is revealed. This study highlights how these two hybrid self‐assemblies target different compartments of the tumor microenvironment and trigger local photothermal damages that are inaccessible for isolated nanocrystals and not predicted by global temperature measurements.
Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics
Authors: Garot Charlotte , Bettega Georges , Picart Catherine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of shape, pore size, material type, and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to obtain a precise 3D image of the bone defects using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to manufacture implants for patient‐specific bone regeneration. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art of the different materials and AM techniques used for the fabrication of 3D‐printed scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. For materials, specific criteria, are extracted from a literature study: biomimetism to native bone, mechanical properties, biodegradability, ability to be imaged (implantation and follow‐up period), histological performances, and sterilization process. AM techniques can be classified in three major categories: extrusion‐based, powder‐based, and vat photopolymerization. Their price, ease of use, and space requirement are analyzed. Different combinations of materials/AM techniques appear to be the most relevant depending on the targeted clinical applications (implantation site, presence of mechanical constraints, temporary or permanent implant). Finally, some barriers impeding the translation to human clinics are identified, notably the sterilization process.