bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of Herbal Effervescent Mouthwash Tablet Containing Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Curcumin for the Maintenance of Oral Hygiene
Authors: Singh Mankaran , Sharma Deepak , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Gurmeet , Swami Gaurav , Rathore Mahendra Singh 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Dental caries originate due to the localized dissolution of the hard tissues of
teeth, mainly caused by acids, developed by the presence of microorganisms in the biofilm (dental
plaque) on the surface of teeth causing “cavities”. Commercially available liquid mouthwashes containing
synthetic active ingredients possess limitations like teeth staining, higher alcoholic content,
taste disturbances, xerostomia, and stability issues.

Objective:
To make the solid preparation for oral hygiene (US6428770B1) in the form of herbal effervescent
mouthwash tablet (CN106619318A, US8728446B2) using Azadirachta indica and Curcumin
having antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiplaque, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Methods:
The optimization study of effervescent granules was performed by 33 factorial design. A
total of 27 preliminary experimental batches were prepared by the fusion method, varying the amount
of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. A complex of curcumin was prepared with hydroxyl
propyl β-cyclodextrin and further examined by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared
tablets were evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The in vitro antimicrobial study was
performed by Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans.

Results:
All the experimental batches of effervescent granules were evaluated for pH, effervescent
time, and CO2 content. Six batches were further selected for final tablet preparation. The results of the
pre-compression parameters revealed excellent flow properties and post-compression parameters; the
results were also significant. The antimicrobial study revealed the F3 as a final best formulation.

Conclusion:
The developed herbal formulation (F3) has a good potential to maintain oral hygiene as
compared to alcoholic mouthwash and further studies may be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the
formulation since only a single bacterial strain was assayed.
The Plastic and Functional Changes in Hippocampal Neurons During Pregnancy, Delivery and Postpartum are Reversed by Offspring Deprivation
Authors: Mostallino Maria C. , Secci Pietro P. , Paci Elena , Mura Maria L. , Maciocco Elisabetta , Sanna Enrico , Biggio Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Pregnancy and lactation are governed by hormones and neurophysiological
processes, including differential expression of trophic factors, functional and structural synaptic plasticity,
and neurogenesis in different brain areas.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of neurotrophic factors, synaptic plasticity,
and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats during pregnancy, lactation, as well as in dams
that were deprived of their pups one week after birth or treated with Finasteride or Clomiphene.

Methods:
Adult female Sprague Dawley CD rats were treated with finasteride (25 mg/kg, subcutaneously)
or clomiphene (5 mg/kg, intragastrically) from day 12 to 18 of pregnancy. Dams during pregnancy,
lactation, and those deprived of their pups, which were sacrificed 7 days after delivery, were
used to study Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Activity-regulated Cytoskeletal (Arc)
protein expression, dendritic spine density (DSD), and cell proliferation in the hippocampus.

Results:
BDNF, Arc, and DSD markedly increased after 21 days of pregnancy (the time of delivery),
an effect that lasted for 21 days during lactation and was abolished by physiological weaning (21
days after delivery). The modifications in the mentioned parameters were associated with a dramatic
reduction of neurosteroid content when compared to estrus females. In contrast, after 21 days of
pregnancy, an increase in cell proliferation and a decrease during the first three weeks of postpartum
were observed. Finasteride and clomifene failed to modify the changes in BDNF and Arc content
elicited by pregnancy and delivery. Pups deprivation induced a rapid reduction in the amount of
BDNF, Arc, and DSD while increasing cell proliferation.

Conclusion:
In rats, the changes in plastic properties of hippocampal neurons during pregnancy, lactation,
and pups deprivation may play a crucial role in the modulation of maternal care.
Simultaneous Analysis of Phenylephrine HCl and Ketorolac Tromethamine in Bulk and Injectable Formulations by RP-HPLC-PDA Method
Authors: Nagarjuna PJ , Tharun Kumar B , Nalluri Buchi N. 
Published: August 2020

Rapid, isocratic and economical RP-HPLC-PDA method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Phenylephrine HCl (PEH) and Ketorolac Tromethamine (KTR) in bulk and injectable dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved with the Agilent Eclipse C18 column (150×4.6mm;5µ) and the mobile phase composed of methanol and 2mM Ammonium acetate in the ratio 43:57v/v at a flow rate of 1mL/min. The injection volume was 5µL and eluents were monitored at 220nm. Response was a linear function of concentration in the range 30–105 μg/mL for Phenylephrine HCl (PEH) and 10–35 μg/mL Ketorolac Tromethamine (KTR); the correlation coefficients were 0.999 and 0.999, respectively. The method was validated and is suitable for the simultaneous estimation of PEH and KTR in bulk and injectable dosage forms.
Keywords: Ketorolac tromethamine, Phenylephrine HCl, Reverse phase HPLC, PDA detector.
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Chewable Bi-layered Tablets for Treating Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Vasoya Ankur , Shah Sunil Kumar , Tyagi C K , Budholiya Prabhakar , Pandey Harish 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research work was to formulate raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets of sodium alginate using a raft-forming agent along with gas-generating agents. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation and evaluated for raft strength, acid neutralization capacity, weight variation, % drug content, thickness, hardness, friability and in vitro drug release. Various raft-forming agents were used in preliminary screening. The amount of sodium alginate, amount of calcium carbonate and amount sodium bicarbonate were selected as variables. Raft strength, acid neutralization capacity and drug release at 30 min were selected as responses.Tablets containing sodium alginate were having maximum raft strength as compared with other raft-forming agents. Acid neutralization capacity and in vitro drug release of all factorial batches were found to be satisfactory. Prepared tablets were found to be pharmaceutically equivalent to the marketed product. It was concluded that raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets prepared using an optimum amount of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate could be an efficient dosage form in the treatment of gastro oesophageal reflux diseases.
Keywords: Chewable bilayer tablet, Sodium alginate, Raft forming agent, Acid Neutralizing capacity
A Study to Evaluate Pharmacoeconomics of Antihypertensive Drugs in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: John Nimmy N , Krishnan Athira , Midhun JV , Juan Riya 
Published: August 2020

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem associated with large health burden as well as high economic burden at individual and population levels. A prospective observational study carried out in in-patients admitted to general medicine department of tertiary care hospital to evaluate the most cost effective therapy among the monotherapy of Amlodipine and combination therapy of telmisartan + hydrochlorthiazide.
Methods: A total of 120 Hypertensive patients case records prescribed with monotherapy of Amlodipine and combination therapy of Telma H were reviewed and evaluated using descriptive statistics and ‘p’ value and assessed for their financial burden based on the cost per tablet for an year, Cost effectiveness ratio for the patients with controlled Blood Pressure by using a particular drug.
Results: Out of 120 patients females were more (59.2%) and most of them were under the age group of 41-60 years. Majority of the patients had a known history of hypertension (65%). Most of the patients were prescribed with Telma H 40/12.5mg (40%) followed with Amlong 5mg (35.8%). There was a significant positive correlation (i.e., p value= 0.05) between persistence patterns of patients with drug therapy. Probability of patients with controlled Blood Pressure taking Amlong 10 mg were 82.35% followed by patients with Amlong 5mg.
Conclusion: This study clearly showed that monotherapy of amlodipine is the most cost effective therapy than combination therapy of Telma H in order to reduce financial burden to the patient as well as to decrease the complications.
Keywords: Hypertension, Pharmacoeconomics, Cost effectiveness, Blood Pressure.
Metal Chelating and Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacities of Ammoides atlantica Aqueous Extract
Authors: Loucif Karima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Benchikh Fatima , Mehlous Soulaf , Kaoudoune Chahrazed , Souici Chawki Ben , Amira Smain 
Published: August 2020

Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in all cells and play important roles in physiology. The loss of the redox balance, either by an increase of oxidant molecules ROS and RNS or by decreased antioxidant system activities cause a state of oxidative stress. Several studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. Plants containing phenolic compounds have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate total polyphenols and flavonoids contents (TPC and TFC) as well as examine the in vitro antioxidative properties from aqueous extract of Ammoides atlantica (AqE). TPC was estimated utilizing Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent. TFC was evaluated utilizing the aluminum chloride method. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Indeed, results showed that the AqE is rich in polyphenols (141.74±0.44 µg gallic acid equivalents/ mg of dry weight), and flavonoids (61.87±6.7 µg quercetin equivalent/ mg dry weight). These phytochemical compounds possess significant antioxidant activities. The results showed that AqE exhibited a good Metal chelating activity with an IC50 of 36.57±4.73 µg/ mL. CUPRAC assay showed that AqE extract exhibited high cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity with an A0.5 of 8.58±0.13 µg/mL. These findings provide evidence that AqE of Ammoides atlantica is a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health.
Keywords: Ammoides atlantica, aqueous extract, phenolic compounds, metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity.
A Review on Antimalarial 1,2,4-Trioxane Derivatives
Authors: Choudhary Amit , Sinha Manish , Devi Arti , Jindal Shammy , Goyal Kamya 
Published: August 2020

Malaria in recent years becomes a major health hitch globally due to the surfacing of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. In recent times, artemisinin (ART)-based drugs and combination therapies become the drugs of preference for the treatment and prophylaxis of resistant P. falciparum malaria. Endoperoxide compounds natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic signifying a massive number of antimalarial agents which possess a wide structural miscellany with needed antimalarial effectiveness against resistant P. falciparum malaria. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system deficient the lactone ring which constitutes the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold which is believed to be the key pharmacophoric moiety and is principally responsible for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. This becomes the main reason for the research related to endoperoxide particularly 1,2,4-trioxane-, 1,2,4-trioxolane- and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-based scaffolds gaining the noteworthy interest in recent years for developing antimalarial drugs against resistant malaria. In this paper, a comprehensive endeavour has been made to review the development of different endoperoxide antimalarial agents and structural diversity of endoperoxide molecules derived from 1,2,4-trioxane- based structural scaffolds.
Keywords: Endoperoxide; 1,2,4-trioxane; pharmacophores; artemisinin; antimalarial.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Profiling of Ethanol Bract Extract of Musa paradisiaca L.
Authors: Arumugam Perumal , Saraswathi Krishna , Dhivya Dhanasekar , Sivaraj Chandrasekaran 
Published: August 2020

In recent year’s trend towards authentication, standardization and quality assurance of selected medicinal plants has been rapid increase for potential therapeutic significance. Despite the modern techniques, identification of plant drug by pharmacognostic study is more reliable. In Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine Musa Paradisiaca is commonly used in Asthma, Diabetes, Anthelmintic, Hypertension, Insomnia, Snake bite. The whole plant as well as specific parts (leaves, ripe and unripe fruits, stems) of plant extract and its active constituents have been used for the treatment of large number of human ailments. Phytochemicals are virtually present in all the fruits, vegetables, pulses/legumes and grains which are commonly consumed, so it is quite easy to incorporate them in our daily diet. Current research studies were carried out for evaluating the antioxidant activities of ethanol bract extract of Musa paradisiaca. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, Nitric Oxide (NO) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reduction were carried out for ethanol bract extract of Musa paradisiaca. The maximum DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.-) radical and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities were 52.05±0.38%, 57.71±0.45% and 49.63±0.32% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 68.47 µg/mL, 71.37 µg/mL and 93.94 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activity was 84.28±0.13% at 30 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 10.04 µg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum Mo6+ reduction and Fe3+ reduction were 45.38±0.40% and 57.06±0.32% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 values were 121.44 µg/mL and 85.43 µg/mL concentrations respectively. Z-2-Tridecen-1-ol, Nonadecane-2,4-dione, a-Ketostearic acid, 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(2-tetradecenyl)- were found to be the potent antioxidant compounds detected from GC-MS analysis.
Keywords: Antioxidant, phenolic compounds, Nitric Oxide (NO) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, Fe3+ reduction and a-Ketostearic acid.
Phenolics Contents, Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitory Potential, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cachrys libanotis L. Root Extracts
Authors: AOUACHRIA Sana , Boumerfeg Sabah , Benslama Abderrahim , Boussoualim Naouel , Trabsa Hayat , Baghiani Abderrahmane 
Published: August 2020

To date, no studies have investigated the phytochemical screening and biological activities of Cachrys libanotis L. traditionally used for the treatment of gout and rheumatism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical contents, the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of extracts derived from the roots of C. libanotis L. Roots were submitted to extraction and fractionation using three different solvents sequentially, in the ascending order of polarity. Subsequently, XOR was purified from bovine milk and its inhibition was evaluated using xanthine/XOR system. The antioxidant activities were assessed employed superoxide scavenging, β- carotene bleaching, DPPH scavenging, ferrous iron chelation and FRAP assays). The antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion assay against 11 ATCC strains. Extraction and fractionation gave crude extract (CrE), hexane extract (HxE), chloroform extract (ChE), ethyle acetate extract (EAE) and aqueous extract (AqE). EAE exhibited the highest XOR inhibitory effect. CrE exhibited the highest effect as DPPH scavenger. All fractions exhibited a good activity against linoleate oxidation. Both CrE and AqE had an excellent chelating activity. Extracts showed a medium reducing power with greatest value exhibited by EAE. The plant extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity where the HxE extract had the strongest antimicrobial activity. From the obtained results, C. libanotis roots might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of gout, and it could be used as an additive in the food industry providing good protection against oxidative damage.
Keywords: Cachrys libanotis, polyphenols, oxidative stress, xanthine-oxidoreductase (XOR), antimicrobial.
Herbal drugs Used on Parkinson Disease
Authors: Nagrik Shatrughna Uttam , Patil Prashant Arun , Nagrik Deepak M. , Zagare Vinayak , Avchar Priyamala , Bahurupi Samiksha , Ambhore Shubhangi 
Published: August 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's most widespread chronic neuron degenerative motion condition affecting more than 10 million people. The characteristic hallmark of PD involves a progressive loss of doperminergic neuron in the brain's Subetantia Nigra. Considerable Beware of this paid recently to the Bio-friendly Usage plant-based products for neuron prevention, cure and treatment Disease and is degenerative. The herbal drugs therefore are safer than other drugs. Herbal medicine has its roots in ancient civilizations. It includes the usage of medicinal plants to cure disease and enhance general wellbeing.
Keywords: Parkinson, Herbal Drug Treatment, Ayurveda
Pryazolylpyridine and Triazolylpyridine derivative of hydroxychloroquine as Potential Therapeutic against COVID-19: Theoretical Evaluation
Authors: Omar Ruwida M. K , Najar Adel M. , Bobtaina Eman , Elsheikh Awad F. 
Published: August 2020

In attempt to improve the biological activity of the well-known drug hydroxychloroquine (HQC), eight derivatives (HQ1-4Py – HQ8-4Py) based on the core of HQC were design and their electronic properties including frontier molecular orbitals, total energy and structural parameters were estimated at semi-empirical PM3 levels. Pharmacological parameters such as physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness have been evaluated to estimate the drugs similarity. Introducing these moieties affect both electronic and drug likeness properties, HQ5-Py shows promised properties such large Eg and good clogP, The obtained results show that the suggested derivates may represent a potential drug candidate for COVID-19.
Keywords: Molecular similarity, COVID-19, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).
N-Acetylcystein has Potential Effect to Reduce Haematological Abnormalities in HIV/AIDS Patients Undergoing ARV Treatment
Authors: Yuniza Filia , Salim Eddy Mart , Kurniati Nova , Hudari Harun , Bahar Erial , Putra Agustian Dwi , Siregar Sri Sulpha , Baruara Guntur 
Published: August 2020

Aims: to determine the effect of NAC administration on hematological abnormalities in HIV/AIDS patients who are undergoing ARV treatment.
Method: This was a pilot study using a double blind randomized clinical trial. A total of 32 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups, namely placebo and NAC. Subjects in the NAC group were given NAC at a dose of 3x200 mg/day, while the placebo group was given lactose at a dose of 3x200 mg/day. Each group was given treatment for 12 weeks. Before and after treatment, subjects were examined for hematologic parameters.
Results: Most of subjects had normal hematological features. NAC administration did not have a significant effect on the mean levels of Hb, Ht, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets (p> 0.05). However, NAC administration can reduce the degree of anemia and improve the condition of thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and lymphopenia.
Conclusion: NAC administration can reduce hematological abnormalities HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ARV treatment.
Keywords: ARV, Hematological abnormalities, HIV/AIDS, NAC.
Veinte años de la teoría de la securitización
Authors: Demurtas Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo ofrece una presentación general de la teoría de la securitización, elaborada por la Escuela de Copenhague para abordar los estudios sobre seguridad. Además de explicar los aspectos más relevantes de la teoría, se resaltan también las críticas de carácter meta-teórico y los problemas a la hora de aplicarla operativamente a los estudios de caso concretos.
La metodología consiste en una revisión de la literatura concerniente la teoría de la securitización y parte de los resultados concretos de la tesis doctoral del autor, que la aplica a 98 estudios de caso concretos. Los resultados de la publicación destacan que – a pesar de su amplia aplicación a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas en los estudios sobre seguridad – la teoría de la securitización presenta dos problemas. El primero es de carácter metateórico y concierne con la falta de análisis del contexto en el que ubicar la aplicación de la teoría. El segundo es de carácter operativo y se relaciona con la rigidez de la teoría planteada por la Escuela de Copenhague, hecho que obliga al investigador a manejar una ingente cantidad de datos heterogéneos entre ellos para cada estudio de caso analizado.
Change in spectrum of hand injuries during COVID-19 lockdown period: Increase in mixer grinder and domestic violence related injuries in lieu of trauma sustained in outdoor activities
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Gupta Richie 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
There has been a rapid increase in respiratory infections due to COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, which is believed to have originated from Wuhan in China. The disease has taken a form of pandemic and is now present in all countries across the globe with nearly 5.4 million infections and 344,000 fatalities till date. In late March, the Indian government initiated a lockdown, which confined nearly 1.3 billion people, around one-sixth of humanity to home, in an effort to decrease the community transmission of COVID-19 disease and flatten the curve so that Indian health care is able to deal with a manageable number of cases. This lockdown, which started on March 25, 2020, has now been extended to May 17, 2020, a duration of 54 days, with further planned extension to May 31. During this lockdown, the authors noted an increase in the number of mixer grinder injuries and a change in the demography of suicidal attempts due to frustration resulting in injuries to upper limb. The authors have studied this phenomenon and compared the data with cases from previous year.

Material and Methods:
The case records of all patients coming to the emergency department and department of plastic surgery in the period of March 25, 2020, to May 17, 2020 (54 days), with injuries of upper limb were analyzed and data compared with data from 2019. The demography and mode of injuries were studied.

Results:
There was an unusual increase in hand injuries due to mixer grinder in kitchen, 32 cases in 54 days (17.78/month) compared to 28 cases in 12 months in 2019 (2.34/month) with P < 0.001. There was also an increase in number of intended self-inflicted injuries in upper limb, as a result of psychological effects of rage and frustration with spouse due to long periods of confinement at home (3.89/month during lockdown period compared to 0.58 during 2019, P < 0.005) with change in demography compared to previous year. There was a decrease in upper limb injuries due to road traffic accidents, industrial accidents, assaults, sports, school, and work-related injuries, during the lockdown period, and this was along the expected lines.

Conclusion:
The period of lockdown initiated in India, to slow the community transmission of COVID-19 caused long periods of confinement together at home for families and forced the young adults to carry out some unaccustomed work, which resulted in a spike in mixer grinder injuries of hand. It also led to some rage and frustration, especially with spouses with a spike in suicidal attempt upper limb injuries.