bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
URDU: حرام اورمسئلہ تملیک و تصدق: شرعی و تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed  
Published: January 2021

Majority of sharia scholars are of the opinion that in voluntary charity (sadaqa naafila) transfer of ownership and possession of the needy and poor on the charity is not stipulated, while in obligatory charity (sadaqa waajiba) like zakat, fidya of prayer and fasting it is considered that (tamleek ul faqeer) transfer of ownership and possession of the needy is compulsory and it could not be spent in social welfare activities. Keeping in view the condition of “Tamleek ul faqeer”, anything which comes in the ownership of a person from invalid sources (maal e haraam) also falls in this category, as it is also obligatory to be given in charity. However the question arises whether the condition of transfer of ownership and possession of the needy should be applied in maal-e-haraam like Sadaqaat-e-wajiba or it is allowed to spend the amount in social welfare activities without possession.
In this paper, after presenting the view points of classical scholars regarding different types of maal, maal-e-haram and where this kind of wealth shall be spent, the issue of possession is also examined in obligatory charity and maal-e-haraam. It is suggested that categories of obligatory charity be differentiated in terms of possession, as the nature and sources of each kind is different and the condition of ownership and possession may not be applied on the charity of invalid income and this kind of wealth may be allowed to be given in social welfare activities without tamleek ul faqeer.
Contributions and Criticism of Western Scholars on Islamic inheritance (An Analytical Study)
Authors: Dr. Farhat Aziz  , Yaqoob Muhammad Yousuf 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the criticisms and contributions of Western Scholars and their impacts on society have been discussed. To study the civilization‘s heritage, history, language, literature, fine arts, sciences, and sociology, of the people of East, by the westerns, is called Orientalism. In the ancient Arabic dictionary, the term “orientalism” is not present. In Europe, after the Renaissance, to introduce the East in the West, and to point out the expected interests of the West in the East, the Western Scholars performed their duty elegantly. All of the ancient and modern western scholars wrote about the Holy Qur‘an, and almost all of them neglected its present order and tried to determine the order of revelation of Qur’anic verses according to their own mind. Torrey of Yale spent his whole life to find out contradictions in the book of God. Bell of Edinburgh applied the rules of higher criticism on Qur’anic injunctions. Many other orientalists as Arthur Jeffery, A.T.Welch, J.D.Pearson, Montgomery Watt and Karen Armstrong are also written about the Qur’an and biography of the prophet (PBUH). Western scholars also have a great role in denouncing the history of Islam. It is the need of the era to go through their literary efforts to explore their objectives and outcomes. It is also essential to study their struggle to prove about their right and wrong points. At a time, the Orientalists gained popularity among all schools of thought of different religions. This study is necessary and beneficial for all students, teachers and research scholars of every field of life.
La infancia desde una perspectiva post-moderna
Authors: Da Costa María 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito examinar críticamente cómo el pensamiento post moderno ha influenciado la formación de un nuevo concepto de
niño y niña y la manera como entendemos hoy en día la infancia. Tomando en cuenta este marco de referencia, el artículo examina la educación pre-escolar chilena
y hasta qué punto refleja el concepto de infancia, como construcción social, propuesta por el pensamiento post-moderno. Asimismo analiza los discursos y prácticas en
esta fase educativa. Con este propósito, el artículo adopta una línea de análisis critico, aplicando ideas de pensamiento post-estructurales (Foucault, 1980) y, en particular, los discursos que intentan re-conceptuar la educación pre-escolar, a través de las contribuciones de teorías Feministas y Post coloniales (De Lair & Erwin 2000; Viruru & Cannella, 2001). El argumento sugiere la de-construcción de conceptos y discursos tradicionales que aún están presentes en lo que significa ser ‘niño’ en contraposición con lo que es el ‘adulto’, sugiriendo que interfieren en la comprensión del concepto ‘nuevo’ de niños y niñas, sobre lo que es la infancia de la era post-moderna y plantea los desafíos que enfrenta el campo de la educación pre-escolar en el nuevo milenio.
A Telejornalismo, Trabalho e Saúde na cobertura da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Cajazeira Paulo Eduardo Silva Lins , Souza José Jullian Gomes de 
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, propõe-se a investigação da saúde e do trabalho do jornalista atuante na cobertura da pandemia da Covid-19, no primeiro semestre de 2020, na Região Metropolitana do Cariri, sul do Ceará. Parte-se de uma proposta de metodologia quantiqualitativa, exploratória e documental da nova práxis jornalística a partir de protocolos de prevenção ao novo coronavírus. Procurou-se observar como as empresas de comunicação estão lidando com esses protocolos, principalmente com a saúde de seus colaboradores, e com os impactos da crise sanitária no fazer jornalístico relacionados aos procedimentos de coleta de informações e produção de reportagens. A pesquisa concluiu que, dos 23 respondentes ao questionário online, a maioria continua atuante no ambiente de trabalho físico e uma minoria desenvolve o trabalho via sistema home office.
Las locuciones adjetivo-adverbiales en francés y en español, ¿problema fraseológico o lexicográfico?
Authors: Cruz Modesti Hélène 
Published: January 2021

En el ámbito hispánico y francófono, se ha priorizado el estudio de las locuciones organizadas mediante un criterio sintáctico-funcional. Sin embargo, este criterio, en ocasiones, carece de fiabilidad, ya que ciertas unidades presentan la posibilidad de oscilación entre dos categorías gramaticales. Es el caso, entre otros, de ciertas locuciones con estructura de sintagma preposicional (en cruz, a ciegas, por defecto, de por vida, etc.), caracterizadas por una dualidad sintáctica que las lleva a comportarse como locuciones adjetivas o adverbiales. De este modo, nos planteamos si se trataría de locuciones que prototípicamente pertenecen a la categoría de adverbio o de adjetivo y que, eventualmente funcionarían como otra o, por el contratio, la creación de una clase locucional híbrida (adjetivo-adverbiales) es necesaria. Nos preguntamos también si la acuñación de esta nueva subclase de locuciones sería pertinente desde una perspectiva lexicográfica, en especial, bilingüe español-francés.
In the Hispanic and Francophone sphere, researchers have prioritized the locutions studies using a syntactic-functional criterion. However, this criterion, sometimes, lacks reliability, because certain units present the possibility of oscillation between two grammatical categories. This is the case, among others, of certain locutions with a prepositional phrase structure (en cruz, a ciegas, por defecto, de por vida, etc.), characterized by a syntactic duality that leads them to behave as adjective or adverbial locution. In this way, we may reflect on whether these are locutions that prototypically belong to the category of adverb or adjective and that, eventually, would work like the other or, on the contrary, the creation of a hybrid locutionary class (adjective-adverbial) is necessary. We also consider if the coining of this new subclass of locutions would be pertinent from a lexicographical perspective, especially bilingual Spanish-French.
Pedro de Gracia Dei: un bosquejo biográfico
Authors: Mangas Navarro Natalia Anaís 
Published: January 2021

La biografía de Pedro de Gracia Dei se caracteriza por presentar numerosos interrogantes, debido a los escasos datos que conocemos sobre el autor. Nos encontramos ante una figura que, aunque estuvo vinculado al entorno de los Reyes Católicos, las magnas crónicas que se realizaron sobre este reinado por parte de escritores ligados también a la corte no nos revelan información sobre él. Teniendo que prescindir, por tanto, de las fuentes históricas que podemos considerar más fiables para poder trazar un perfil aproximado de Gracia Dei, debemos acudir a otros documentos, así como establecer conjeturas a partir de las pocas noticias que el propio autor plasmó en su producción literaria. Resultarán también, de gran interés al respecto, las rúbricas de sus obras que se copiaron durante los siglos xvi, xvii e, incluso, xviii, si bien se caracterizan por haber generado más controversia aún sobre los posibles cargos que desempeñaría Gracia Dei a lo largo de su vida.
The biography of Pedro de Gracia Dei is characterized by numerous unanswered questions, due to scarce data we know about the author. We are dealing with a leading figure who, although he was linked to the Catholic Monarchs’s environment, the great chronicles that were made about this reign by writers also tied to the court do not reveal any information about him. We must therefore dispense with the historical sources that we may consider more reliable to be able to draw an approximate profile of Gracia Dei, and we must turn to other documents, as well as establish conjectures from the few news that the author himself captured in his literary production. The rubrics of his works that were copied during the 16th, 17th and even 18th centuries will also be of great interest in this regard, although they are characterized by having generated even more controversy about the possible positions that Gracia Dei would perform throughout his life.
La divulgación de salud en la televisión pública: el caso de RTVE en 2016
Authors: Cano-Orón Lorena , Portalés Oliva Marta , Llorca-Abad Germán 
Published: January 2021

La televisión es el principal medio al que los ciudadanos están expuestos para informarse sobre temas de ciencia y tecnología (FECYT, 2015). El servicio público radiotelevisivo es el ente, que, por ley, debe atender a las necesidades de información, cultura, educación y entretenimiento de la ciudadanía. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer el tratamiento informativo y audiovisual de los programas especializados en salud de RTVE. La muestra cuenta con aquellos emitidos en 2016: La mañana (incluye Saber Vivir), Centro Médico, Esto es Vida y El Ojo Clínico. La metodología empleada es el estudio de caso: se elabora una triangulación a partir de una exploración descriptivo-analítica de los programas seleccionados, un cuestionario sobre la recepción informativa de los mismos y un análisis de contenido de una serie de episodios y, a su vez, de los tweets emitidos por sus respectivas cuentas durante el último mes. Las variables miden aspectos del tratamiento informativo y audiovisual de los programas, así como la funcionalidad, el tratamiento informativo de los tuits y el contenido extra que aportan. Los resultados presentan como rasgo común la conducción de la información a través de fuentes personales. Asimismo, destaca El Ojo Clínico y Esto es Vida por su tratamiento divulgativo, tanto en pantalla como en Twitter.
Thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy composites reinforced with post‐consumed yerba mate
Authors: Neves Roberta Motta , Vanzetto Andrielen Braz , Lazzari Lídia Kunz , Zattera Ademir José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYerba mate (YM) is widely consumed in Latin American countries, and its residues can be used as bio‐resources such as reinforced in epoxy composites. The present work aims to produce epoxy resin composites and evaluate the influence of post‐consumed YM as reinforcement. The concentrations of YM used were 5, 10, and 20% (wt/wt). Chemical, thermal, morphological, and dynamic mechanical behaviors were explored. The YM incorporation did not influence chemically on the epoxy structure and a pull‐out phenomenon was observed as YM content increased. The YM at lower concentrations (5 and 10%) led to higher values of activation energies calculated from model‐free isoconversional methods. On the other hand, the composite e/YM 20 wt% improved all dynamic‐mechanical properties. YM proved to be a suitable and cheap reinforcement for epoxy resin.
The “Digital Facilitator”: An Extended Profile to Manage the Digital Transformation of Swiss Vocational Schools
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto A. P. , Bonini Luca , Rauseo Martina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDigital transformation requires the field of education to increasingly deal with the interplay between the teachers’ individual development of digital competence and institutional integration and adoption of digital technology. This is especially crucial in the vocational education context, which is closer to the world of work and, therefore, more sensitive to the disruptive changes of digitalisation. This chapter addresses this issue by proposing the result of a project that aimed to identify a new professional profile in the context of dual vocational education in Switzerland. The Digital Facilitator is a new term that refers to a teacher with advanced digital competency who is an expert in facilitating digital innovation adoption within educational institutions. Thus, it constitutes a possible concrete way to address the issue of integrating the individual and the organisational perspectives related to digital transformation. The profile is discussed by presenting an analysis of acknowledged existing frameworks and by considering the specificities of the context in which it was developed. The opportunities and challenges associated with introducing the profile are also critically addressed.
Quantum SU(2|1) supersymmetric ℂN Smorodinsky-Winternitz system
Authors: Ivanov Evgeny , Nersessian Armen , Sidorov Stepan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study quantum properties of SU(2|1) supersymmetric (deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, d = 1 supersymmetric) extension of the superintegrable Smorodinsky-Winternitz system on a complex Euclidian space ℂN. The full set of wave functions is constructed and the energy spectrum is calculated. It is shown that SU(2|1) supersymmetry implies the bosonic and fermionic states to belong to separate energy levels, thus exhibiting the “even-odd” splitting of the spectra. The superextended hidden symmetry operators are also defined and their action on SU(2|1) multiplets of the wave functions is given. An equivalent description of the same system in terms of superconformal SU(2|1, 1) quantum mechanics is considered and a new representation of the hidden symmetry generators in terms of the SU(2|1, 1) ones is found.
How to Solve Millionaires’ Problem with Two Kinds of Cards
Authors: Nakai Takeshi , Misawa Yuto , Tokushige Yuuki , Iwamoto Mitsugu , Ohta Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCard-based cryptography, introduced by den Boer aims to realize multiparty computation (MPC) by using physical cards. We propose several efficient card-based protocols for the millionaires’ problem by introducing a new operation called Private Permutation (PP) instead of the shuffle used in most of existing card-based cryptography. Shuffle is a useful randomization technique by exploiting the property of card shuffling, but it requires a strong assumption from the viewpoint of arithmetic MPC because shuffle assumes that public randomization is possible. On the other hand, private randomness can be used in PPs, which enables us to design card-based protocols taking ideas of arithmetic MPCs into account. Actually, we show that Yao’s millionaires’ protocol can be easily transformed into a card-based protocol by using PPs, which is not straightforward by using shuffles because Yao’s protocol uses private randomness. Furthermore, we propose entirely novel and efficient card-based millionaire protocols based on PPs by securely updating bitwise comparisons between two numbers, which unveil a power of PPs. As another interest of these protocols, we point out they have a deep connection to the well-known logical puzzle known as “The fork in the road.”
SFCA-II type Ca2.46Fe3+8.57 Fe2+0.52Al5.45O24 – an improved structural model for an iron-ore sinter phase
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Krüger Hannes , Tribus Martina , Anwander Benedikt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle crystals of SFCA-II with composition Ca2.46Fe3+8.57Fe2+0.52Al5.45O24have been obtained from synthesis experiments in the temperature range between 1300 and 1200 °C. Diffraction experiments at ambient conditions yielded the following basic crystallographic data: space groupP$$ \overline{1} $$1¯,a = 10.3016(4) Å,b = 10.4656(4) Å,c = 17.9553(6) Å, α = 90.062(3), β = 89.977(3)°, γ = 109.510(3)°, V = 1824.66(12) Å3, Z = 4. Structure determination and subsequent least-squares refinements resulted in a residual of R(|F|) = 0.0349 for 7406 independent reflections and 773 parameters. Site occupancy refinements on the 35 octahedral (M) and tetrahedral (T) positions in the asymmetric unit were aided by crystallochemical considerations and the assumption of charge balance between the cations and anions. The derived formula compares well with the outcome of electron microprobe studies. The crystal structure of SFCA-II shows the typical features of the SFCA-family. It can be built from an alternating sequence of two different types of fundamental layers. For SFCA-II, they are oriented parallel to (100). Layer-type I is solely based on [MO6]-octahedra (M: Ca, Fe3+, Al) forming individual five polyhedra wide bands. Within a single band, the octahedra share common edges. Layer-type II, on the other hand, contains [MO6]-octahedra as well as [TO4]-tetrahedra (T: Al, Fe3+, Fe2+). By corner sharing each [MO6]-group is linked to two adjacent tetrahedra into [MT2O12]-clusters or “winged octahedra”. Linkage between neighboring strips of these moieties is provided by additional [TO4]-tetrahedra arranged invierersingle-chains. Our investigation rectifies previous studies on SFCA-II where wrong atomic coordinates have been published.
Survival after parotid gland metastases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Meyer Moritz Friedo , Wolber Philipp , Arolt Christoph , Wessel Maximilian , Quaas Alexander , Lang Stephan , Klussmann Jens Peter , Semrau Robert , Beutner Dirk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Malignant tumours in the parotid gland can originate either from the gland itself or as a result of metastatic spread of other tumours, such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) of the head and neck area. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the clinical behaviour of primary as well as CSCC metastatic parotid cancers with special emphasis on therapy and oncologic outcome.

Methods
Clinical and histopathological data of 342 patients with parotid gland malignomas surgically treated in a tertiary referral centre between 1987 and 2015 were retrospectively assessed. Oncologic outcomes of all cases with CSCC metastasis of the parotid gland (n = 49) were compared to those of primary parotid gland carcinomas (n = 293).

Results
Mean age at diagnosis was 72.3 years for CSCC patients versus 56.8 years in patients with primary parotid carcinoma. A total of 83.7% of CSCC patients were male, compared to 48.8% in the group of primary carcinomas. Forty-five out of 49 CSCC patients underwent total parotidectomy and neck dissection (91.8%). A total of 93.9% out of all CSCC patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32.6% in CSCC patients versus 77.2% in primary parotid carcinoma patients.

Conclusion
As compared to primary parotid cancers, we could show that patients suffering from CSCC metastases to the parotid gland presented with significantly higher age and worse survival.
Planning the Dewatering of a Tailings Storage Facility
Authors: Ruiz Eduardo , Huamaní Lizardo , Paucar Jairo , Larota Julio , Jiménez Carlos , Gallo Yuri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe San Rafael mine in southern Peru produces over 10% of the world’s tin. The decision was made to reprocess some of its oldest tailings, due to their volume and high tin concentrations. This tailing storage facility was partially saturated and required a dewatering process to allow mining. This paper describes the conducted activities for this dewatering, including basic engineering studies focused on hydrogeological characterization of the tailings, recommended tests and modelling to define a detailed engineering design, and developing an appropriate construction strategy. In addition, there were tasks associated with operating the dewatering system, infrastructure maintenance, and a real-time follow-up implementation program to monitor the desaturation. The system’s historical evolution, a year of dewatering, and the beginning of mining activities are reviewed.
Research on synthesis and self-healing properties of interpenetrating network hydrogels based on reversible covalent and reversible non-covalent bonds
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Wang Xiaofei , Shi Chuanying , Liu Yang , Wei Yanyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFirst of all, we will provide a brief background on the self-healing hydrogels we produced which are suitable for the complex environment of nature. In this paper, disulfide bonds and acylhydrazone bonds can be combined in SH-WPU and hydrogen bonds existed in PAMAM. And the hydrogel can achieve self-healing under acid, alkaline, neutral or light environment.Self-healing for 1 h, 24 h and 48 h, the self-healing efficiency is 31.58%, 49.84% and 87.35% respectively. This effect achieved the desired effect and the repair effect is more obvious than previous research results. The hydrogels have potential applications in the field of biomaterials.
Electron spin resonance signal of human nails: increase after irradiation
Authors: Hirota Seiko , Gonzales Chryzel A. B. , Yasuda Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Ichiro , Toyoda Shin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the phenomenon whereby the electron spin resonance signal of human nails intensify after irradiation. Forty nail samples from three donors were divided into three groups (X-ray irradiated, γ-ray irradiated, and control). The extent of signal intensified after irradiation was proportional to the given dose under 11% humidity at 20 °C. This result seemed to contradict previous studies, reporting signal fading. Based on literature and our experimental results, we constructed a model taking both the decay and increase into consideration. Our investigation revealed that rapid deterioration in the signal intensity obscured the increase at humidity levels exceeding 40%.