bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of fertility in Poland and of Polish born women in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gołata Elżbieta 
Published: March 2020

The aim of research presented in the paper is to explore the comparison of Total Fertility Rates of Polish women in England and Wales, with the rates for Polish women who are residents in Poland. Population censuses in Poland and the United Kingdom in 2011 provide information for such comparisons and show higher fertility rates of Polish women abroad than in Poland.
Two specific questions were investigated. The first one is the question of the number of children born in Poland. It was observed that the number estimated on the basis of census data was not consistent with birth records in the register. The second question concerns the number of the usually resident population in Poland. We provide quality assessment of 2011 population census in Poland, estimates of actual and usually resident population. Based on thorough evaluation, a correction of the population estimates is proposed (RAF). Due to non-response and data omissions, the idea of Small Domain Estimation is applied with two a priori age and sex distributions: from the Polish Census Survey and upon the UK census.
Fertility in Poland is estimated with regard to usually resident population published on the Census Hub, our RAF estimates and LFS data. The estimates of women at reproductive age differ for over 495,000, what cause certain discrepancies in TFR. Additionally we analyse changes in timing of birth and provide tempo adjusted TFR. The paper shows consequences of population estimates for measuring fertility. It was found that depending on the population estimates TFR in Poland differs from 1.31 for actual population to 1.45 for RAF estimates and 1.63 for tempo-adjusted TFR.
Via detailed empirical examination of the usually resident population estimates in Poland we show inconsistencies resulting from the flexibility in interpretation of definitions given by EU 1260/2013 and specific regulations of individual countries.
Uwarunkowania skłonności do palenia papierosów. Wyniki modelowania równań strukturalnych
Authors: Czaderny Krzysztof 
Published: March 2020

According to the age-period-cohort projection of lung cancer incidence (ICD-10 codes C33-C34), smoking prevention will be crucial for both men and women longevity. Lung cancer remains the main cancer cause of death among males in Poland. In 2014 the number of deaths in Poland caused by lung cancer among men was more than twice as high as for women. The study is focused on identification of attitudes influencing the propensity to smoke, which is performed by structural equation modelling (SEM) based on weighted least squares means and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation. Good fit of the presented models is demonstrated by RMSEA, NNFI and CFI values. Reliability of scales is assessed by ordinal alpha and ordinal theta coefficients.
Commitment to learning in childhood exhibits the highest standardized effect on propensity to smoke, which is an argument for youth smoking prevention. Structural equation model was estimated for men and women separately because of gender differences in smoking determinants. A strong character, individualism and self-reliance are the factors, which increase smoking propensity among males. These can be treated as features of masculinity and are not statistically important determinants of being a smoker for females. Depressive disorders, being a victim of violence as adults are statistically significant determinants of smoking among women.
Особливості морфологічних і біометричних характеристик репродуктивних органів сосни звичайної різної стійкості в насадженнях, уражених кореневою губкою
Authors: Dyshko V. A. , Ustsky I. M. , Mikhaylichenko A. A. 
Published: March 2020

Висвітлено результати дослідження морфологічних та біометричних характеристик дерев сосни звичайної різного санітарного стану в уражених кореневою губкою насадженнях V і VI класів віку. В осередках усихання відібрано дерева без ознак ослаблення («стійкі») та з ознаками хвороби («хворі»), а в міжосередковому просторі – середні за таксаційними показниками дерева І категорії санітарного стану – контроль. Оцінювали якісні й кількісні характеристики шишок, насіння, крилаток (забарвлення, розміри, форму та масу). Розміри генеративних органів сосни з підвищеною резистентністю виявилися більшими, ніж у дерев із ознаками хвороби та контрольних, що є наслідком адаптації дерева до відкритого простору прогалини на тлі розвитку патологічних процесів і з генетичними особливостями сосни пов’язано мало. Дерева з підвищеною резистентністю в осередках усихання характеризуються суттєво більшою варіабельністю показників діаметра (Cv = 21,2…27,4 %), ніж «хворі» (Cv = 8,9…12,1 %).
Photon entanglement for life-science imaging: rethinking the limits of the possible
Authors: Zheltikov A M , Scully M O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is a powerful resource that revolutionizes information science, opens new horizons in communication technologies, and pushes the frontiers of sensing and imaging. Whether or not the methods of quantum entanglement can be extended to life-science imaging is far from clear. Live biological systems are eluding quantum-optical probes, proving, time and time again, too lossy, too noisy, too warm, and too wet to be meaningfully studied by quantum states of light. The central difficulty that puts the main roadblock on the path toward entanglement-enhanced nonlinear bioimaging is that the two-photon absorption (TPA) of entangled photons can exceed the TPA of uncorrelated photons only at the level of incident photon flux densities as low as one photon per entanglement area per entanglement time. This fundamental limitation has long been believed to rule out even a thinnest chance for a success of bioimaging with entangled photons. Here, we show that new approaches in nonlinear and quantum optics, combined with the latest achievements in biotechnologies, open the routes toward efficient photon-entanglement-based strategies in TPA microscopy that can help confront long-standing challenges in life-science imaging. Unleashing the full potential of this approach will require, however, high throughputs of virus-construct delivery, high expression efficiencies of genetically encodable fluorescent markers, high-brightness sources of entangled photons, as well as a thoughtful entanglement engineering in time, space, pulse, and polarization modes. We demonstrate that suitably tailored nonlinear optical fibers can deliver entangled photon pairs confined to entanglement volumes many orders of magnitude smaller than the entanglement volumes attainable through spontaneous parametric down-conversion. These ultracompact modes of entangled photons are shown to enable a radical enhancement of the TPA of entangled photons, opening new avenues for quantum entanglement in life-science imaging.
Cabinet Formation Elections: Among Opposition, Coalition, or Collegiality of The Party’s Chairperson
Authors: Sulardi Sulardi , Izziyana Wafda Vivid 
Published: March 2020

Constitutional change is always tinged with a tense and lasting political constellation in both national and international contexts. the existence of transactional politics to gain seats constantly influences political dynamics in the election period. The method used in this research is the doctrinal method. Indonesia applies a presidential government system but does not fully follow the existing doctrine. several coalitions in the government coalition were made. As a result when the President and Vice President are nominated. political parties that support the nomination feel they have the right to join the government, as in the parliamentary system of government. The cabinet filling model is also influenced by supporting parties. It shows that political parties can collaborate to form a joint government, however, the President has the prerogative in determining who will be his minister. It should be carefully noted down that our country is a country adopting a presidential government system. As a result, the formation and the ministers elections of the government is not at the hand of the chairperson of the political parties coalition, but fully at the hand of the president as the President’s prerogative rights. This cannot be proceeded. Chairperson of the Political parties in a coalition may expect to get some seats of powers (minister) from the President
Keywords: cabinet; election; political; party; chairperson
Discretion of Morality (Pancasila Moral Relations in The Laws of Political Determination)
Authors: Zaelani Muhammad Azis , Handayani I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi , Isharyanto Isharyanto 
Published: March 2020

This study has purpose to determine the form of Pancasila moral relations as the legal ideology of Indonesia in guarding discretion amid political determination. In this study, the conceptual approach was used as a basis for thinking to guide answe tor the problem which then analyzed using qualitative approach. The results showed that Pancasila as the ideology of Indonesian law is able to guard discretion in the form of moral relations that are reflected in discretion users. The implication, it is necessary to optimize the interpretation of the Pancasila in Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration to realize the ideals of justice in the bureaucracy as per the Pancasila insight. Therefore, Pancasila morals can guard the use of discretion in political determination.
Keywords: Pancasila; discretion; moral
Tokoh Pendidikan Islam Perempuan Rahmah El-Yunusiah
Authors: Furoidah Asni 
Published: March 2020

One way to improve the lot and raise the dignity of women is through education. The first female Islamic education figure in Indonesia was Rahmah el-Yunusiyah, she was a figure of women's struggle during the physical revolution. He was born from a family with a strong religious education background. During childhood Rahmah el-Yunusiyah started school at the Diniyah School led by her brother, Zainuddin Labay, which was founded in 1915 for sons and daughters using modern learning systems and lessons.
The role of Islamic education as one of the right ways to raise the degree of women has had since he was a teenager. Rahmah's belief in the role of education was realized with the establishment of the school under the name AL-Madrasah AL-Diniyyah Li Al-Banat in 1923 to attract the attention of the community especially mothers, intellectuals and groups who were very strong in holding old traditions, this newly founded school was also called Diniyyah School Poetri. Trinity education system, which is close cooperation between the school environment, dormitories, and households or the community.
Pengembangan Kekhasan Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Sutomo Moh. 
Published: March 2020

The oldest educational model in Indonesian islamic school, before the advent of formal education. Islamic boarding schools are representative of the needs of the community itself. Islamic school itself develops along with the development of the surrounding community with local wisdom (local genius). Therefore pesantren develops with their own uniqueness as a form of response to the fulfillment of the needs of Stakeholders.This study aims to reveal the development of the peculiarities of boarding school education, with research subjects Baitul Arqom Balung boarding school Jember. The focus of the research study is a) What is the caregiver's view of education in Islamic boarding schools ?, b) What are the caregiver's views on the development of science and technology, political demands and stakeholders, and c) What activities are carried out in developing the characteristics of the Islamic boarding school ?. The results of this study reveal: 1) That the caregiver's view of education in pesantren is: a) education in the pesantren must be open, b) Education in islamic school for all groups, c) Education dipesantren to think freely and remain spiritually islamic school, 2) view of caregivers Baitul Arqom Balung Jember boarding school on the development of science and technology, social and political changes anddemands stakeholder: that is positive and open by showing: a) Updates in terms of teaching and learning methods in pesantren, including the use of information technology access, b). Updates in terms of content of curriculum content. including teaching general science, especially technology, and c) Renewing pesantren as a center of communitydevelopment. Including equipping students with various scientific disciplines and skills in entering the modern world while still holding on to the spiritual demands, Islamic law and morals. 3) The form of educational activities developed as an effort to develop specialities in the Baitul Arqom Balung Jember Islamic boarding school, among others: a) Muadalah education activities, b) non-formal educational activities, for example: English language development, Arabic language development, scout activities, and activities other units
Keterampilan Sosial Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw
Authors: Suprayitno Sopwan Adi 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK
Pola pembelajaran tradisional merupakan pola pembelajaran yang mudah diwarisi secara turun temurun dalam praktek pembelajaran di sekolah. Pola ini memang mudah dilaksanakan. Ciri utama pola pembelajaran ini adalah target penyelesaian pada buku ajar/ paket yang utama. Kenyataan ini membuat guru kurang memberdayakan kompetensi siswa, salah satunya adalah keterampilan sosial sebagai motor internal siswa dalam belajar. Keterampilan sosial teruji secara empiris mampu mendorong siswa berprestasi secara akademik dan sosial, oleh karena itu perlu kajian dalam pemilihan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu menumbuhkan keterampilan sosial. Kata Kunci: keterampilan sosial, strategi pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw.
Peranan Filsafat Ilmu Bagi Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Authors: Rofiq M Nafiur 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak:

Filsafat ilmu merupakan cabang ilmu filsafat yang lahir sekitar akhir abad ke-19 atau menjelang abad ke-20. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang mencapai puncaknya pada abad ke-19 di masa August Comte dan para penerusnya, yang cenderung menjadikan ukuran kebenaran ilmu pada tataran positivistik, menjadikan ilmu pengetahuan semakin terlepas dari asumsi dasar filsafatnya. Hal inilah yang mengilhami lahirnya filsafat ilmu yang pada gilirannya mempunyai posisi yang amat urgen (penting) dalam ilmu pengetahuan. Urgensi filsafat ilmu dapat dilihat dari peranannya sebagai mitra dialog yang kritis terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Filsafat ilmu juga mencoba memperkenalkan diskursus ilmu pengetahuan secara utuh-integral-integratif. Filsafat ilmu juga menegaskan nilai moral-aksiologis bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, dan masih banyak lagi. Pada intinya, filsafat ilmu dapat berdiri di tengah-tengah cabang ilmu pengetahuan sebagai pengontrol dan pengarah bagi penerapannya.

Kata Kunci: Filsafat Ilmu dan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Meretas Pola Hubungan Orang Tua Dan Anak dalam Membentuk dan Mengembangkan Karakter Anak
Authors: Nurhidayati Titin 
Published: March 2020

Happy is the hope of every human being. Anyone wants their wishes, fromÂ birth to old age is reached. Various attempts were made to obtain these desires.Â Desire is very diverse and keeps changing from time to time. One of the desiresÂ of a normal human being is to have a peaceful family full of love and affectionÂ for sakinah-mawadah wa rohmah), accompanied by children who are prayingÂ and / or praying. And hope that someday their children can become leaders forÂ people, devote, benefit (to be the spreader of love = rahmatan lil â€˜alamin) toÂ the surroundings, and be fulfilled by Allah SWT with blessed property. As par-Â ents, they will definitely try to make their children become successful children.Â One of the basic capital of success is that children must have a successful ha-racter. The role of parents in the formation and character development ofÂ children from an early age is very important for later life. And exemplary has aÂ greater influence on children than advice and speech. A child needs a good ex-ample, and he takes an example from his parents. Therefore he has a tendencyÂ to imitate the behavior of people who are liked and try to appear like the per-Â son who is liked. In the formation and development of children's character, youÂ should use a religious approach because each religion leads to character forma-Â tion.
Creating Public Service Excellence applying Learning Organisation Methods: The role of Strategic Leadership
Authors: SCHUTTE NICO , BARKHUIZEN NICOLENE 
Published: March 2020

Effectiveness and efficiency in South Africa is high on government's agenda. The main objective of this research was to determine the role of a strategic leader in creating a learning organisation for public sector effectiveness. The sample was based on interviews and focus group discussions with strategic leaders that represent five major central government institutions (N=168). The results showed that leaders need to display a high level of consciousness of their effect on the organisation and employees. Leaders also provide the necessary guidance and motivation towards and effective and efficient learning organisation. Finally the results showed that leaders need to be able to adapt to rapid changing environments to apply organisational learning effectively in public service institution. This paper concludes with an integrated framework relating Strategic Leadership, Organisational Learning and Public Sector Effectiveness.
Essence of a Flexible Organisational Culture to Influence Change in the 21st Century Organisation
Authors: MBEBA ROLAND DARLINGTON 
Published: March 2020

In the current dynamic, diverse global organisational environment, organisations face the challenge of having to embrace change, so as to comply with emerging business models, technological advancement, mergers and acquisitions. It is thus imperative that organisations have in place flexible organisational cultures that are swift to adopt and embrace change that demands greater levels and lengths of innovation and creativity. This enables organisations to take significant strides in opening up to change and compete in the increasingly competitive global economy. The study adopted the desk research approach, qualitatively reviewing extensive literature, which is to yield detailed reported information, and this conviction of enquiry enables a deeper understanding of the effectiveness. The findings thus reveal that changing organisational culture is an uphill task although a flexible organisational culture is fundamental to organisations existence and capability to compete in a dynamic environment. Organisational culture change is essential in supporting organisational change. In other words a flexible organisational culture is essential in ensuring a smooth change process.
Policies and Practices of Green Human Resource Management
Authors: Gjika Ira , Koli Zana 
Published: March 2020

Social responsibility and environmental management have been for some years at the focus for a lot of companies, which do consider them as important part of their strategy. Human resource management is one of the functional strategies and part of top management in the organizations capable of playing a particular role in crafting and implementing policies that contribute to the environmental management and responsibility. This orientation, recently recognized as “Green HRM”, is broadly elaborated in the worldwide HRM literature and closely related to the environmental management system. The companies do implement practices of HRM by orienting them towards the engagement of employees in green management. Processes like recruitment, selection, training and performance compensation are perceived and “modeled” in the light of green management practices. This paper intends to present the green approach of HRM in the theoretical framework, based on the existing literature, and also to evidence how Albanian organizations are grasping it. The objective is to bring out the good practices of leader companies in green HRM as a mean to draw the attention of as many other organizations as possible to highlight the importance of this approach in activities that are both profitable and socially responsible.
Biological Damage, as a Special Figure of Non-pecuniary Damage and Problems Encountered in Albanian Jurisprudence
Authors: Bylykbashi Juliana , Sema Dervishi Eneida 
Published: March 2020

Non-pecuniary damage is one of the institutes of civil law that aims to protect and restore the rights of personality laid out in certain provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Albania and expressly referred to in Article 8 of the European Convention on Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms. Judicial jurisprudence has rendered non-pecuniary damage in the case of health damage, physical or psychological integrity in three separate types of damage: biological damage, moral and existential damage. The subject of this paper will be one of the figures of non-pecuniary damage, biological damage or otherwise called damage to health, being a matter of little or no treatment and the problems it faces in Albanian jurisprudence. One of the topics to be dealt with in this paper is the manner and criteria for calculating health insurance compensation, a topic that has met discussions about the actual value of the compensation or the value of the expected income that the injured party or relatives should receive from social insurance. In the provisions related to the value of the compensation coverage, insurance laws and bylaws foresee certain limitations, not only in the method of calculating non-pecuniary damages, but also with regard to the minimum amount of insurance coverage by the insurance companies. Referring to Albanian court practices there have been cases where there has been discrepancies in the calculation of biological damage between the insurance companies and the court.