bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The de novo genome assembly of Tapiscia sinensis and the transcriptomic and developmental bases of androdioecy
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xin Guiliang , Yan Feng , Wang Huan , Ren Xiaolong , Woeste Keith , Liu Wenzhe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTapiscia sinensis(Tapisciaceae) possesses an unusual androdioecious breeding system that has attracted considerable interest from evolutionary biologists. Key aspects ofT. sinensisbiology, including its biogeography, genomics, and sex-linked genes, are unknown. Here, we report the first de novo assembly of the genome ofT. sinensis. The genome size was 410 Mb, with 22,251 predicted genes. Based on whole-genome resequencing of 55 trees from 10 locations, an analysis of population genetic structure indicated thatT. sinensishas fragmented into five lineages, with low intrapopulation genetic diversity and little gene flow among populations. By comparing whole-genome scans of male versus hermaphroditic pools, we identified 303 candidate sex-linked genes, 79 of which (25.9%) were located on scaffold 25. A 24-kb region was absent in hermaphroditic individuals, and five genes in that region,TsF-box4,TsF-box10,TsF-box13,TsSUT1, andTsSUT4, showed expression differences between mature male and hermaphroditic flowers. The results of this study shed light on the breeding system evolution and conservation genetics of the Tapisciaceae.
CsPrx25, a class III peroxidase in Citrus sinensis, confers resistance to citrus bacterial canker through the maintenance of ROS homeostasis and cell wall lignification
Authors: Li Qiang , Qin Xiujuan , Qi Jingjing , Dou Wanfu , Dunand Christophe , Chen Shanchun , He Yongrui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCitrus bacterial canker (CBC) results from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) infection and poses a grave threat to citrus production. Class III peroxidases (CIII Prxs) are key proteins to the environmental adaptation of citrus plants to a range of exogenous pathogens, but the role of CIII Prxs during plant resistance to CBC is poorly defined. Herein, we explored the role of CsPrx25 and its contribution to plant defenses in molecular detail. Based on the expression analysis, CsPrx25 was identified as an apoplast-localized protein that is differentially regulated by Xcc infection, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmone acid in the CBC-susceptible variety Wanjincheng (C. sinensis) and the CBC-resistant variety Calamondin (C. madurensis). Transgenic Wanjincheng plants overexpressing CsPrx25 were generated, and these transgenic plants exhibited significantly increased CBC resistance compared with the WT plants. In addition, the CsPrx25-overexpressing plants displayed altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis accompanied by enhanced H2O2 levels, which led to stronger hypersensitivity responses during Xcc infection. Moreover, the overexpression of CsPrx25 enhanced lignification as an apoplastic barrier for Xcc infection. Taken together, the results highlight how CsPrx25-mediated ROS homeostasis reconstruction and cell wall lignification can enhance the resistance of sweet orange to CBC.
The apple DNA-binding one zinc-finger protein MdDof54 promotes drought resistance
Authors: Chen Pengxiang , Yan Mingjia , Li Lei , He Jieqiang , Zhou Shuangxi , Li Zhongxing , Niu Chundong , Bao Chana , Zhi Fang , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDNA-binding one zinc-finger (Dof) proteins constitute a family of transcription factors with a highly conserved Dof domain that contains a C2C2 zinc-finger motif. Although several studies have demonstrated that Dof proteins are involved in multiple plant processes, including development and stress resistance, the functions of these proteins in drought stress resistance are largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of the MdDof54 gene from apple and document its positive roles in apple drought resistance. After long-term drought stress, compared with nontransgenic plants, MdDof54 RNAi plants had significantly shorter heights and weaker root systems; the transgenic plants also had lower shoot and root hydraulic conductivity, as well as lower photosynthesis rates. By contrast, compared with nontransgenic plants, MdDof54-overexpressing plants had higher photosynthesis rates and shoot hydraulic conductivity under long-term drought stress. Moreover, compared with nontransgenic plants, MdDof54-overexpressing plants had higher survival percentages under short-term drought stress, whereas MdDof54 RNAi plants had lower survival percentages. MdDof54 RNAi plants showed significant downregulation of 99 genes and significant upregulation of 992 genes in response to drought, and 366 of these genes were responsive to drought. We used DAP-seq and ChIP-seq analyses to demonstrate that MdDof54 recognizes cis-elements that contain an AAAG motif. Taken together, our results provide new information on the functions of MdDof54 in plant drought stress resistance as well as resources for apple breeding aimed at the improvement of drought resistance.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 can be clustered in three distinct symptom categories
Authors: Mirfazeli Fatemeh Sadat , Sarabi-Jamab Atiye , Jahanbakhshi Amin , Kordi Alireza , Javadnia Parisa , Shariat Seyed Vahid , Aloosh Oldooz , Almasi-Dooghaee Mostafa , Faiz Seyed Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have reported clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus disease. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. We reviewed the medical records of 201 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (52 outpatients and 149 inpatients) that were treated in a large referral center in Tehran, Iran from March 2019 to May 2020. We used clustering approach to categorize clinical symptoms. One hundred and fifty-one patients showed at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. Limb force reductions, headache followed by anosmia, hypogeusia were among the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that neuropsychiatric symptoms group together in three distinct groups: anosmia and hypogeusia; dizziness, headache, and limb force reduction; photophobia, mental state change, hallucination, vision and speech problem, seizure, stroke, and balance disturbance. Three non-neuropsychiatric cluster of symptoms included diarrhea and nausea; cough and dyspnea; and fever and weakness. Neuropsychiatric presentations are very prevalent and heterogeneous in patients with coronavirus 2 infection and these heterogeneous presentations may be originating from different underlying mechanisms. Anosmia and hypogeusia seem to be distinct from more general constitutional-like and more specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. Skeletal muscular manifestations might be a constitutional or a neuropsychiatric symptom.
Different pathologic responses to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in primary squamous lung cancer and regional lymph nodes
Authors: Ling Yun , Li Ning , Li Lin , Guo Changyuan , Wei Jiacong , Yuan Pei , Tan Fengwei , Tao Xiuli , Wang Shuhang , Wang Zhijie , Wu Ning , Wang Jie , Ying Jianming , Gao Shugeng , He Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeoadjuvant immunotherapy provides a unique opportunity for understanding therapeutic responses. We analyzed pathologic responses in surgical specimens obtained from 31 squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment. Fifteen (48.4%) patients achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) or major pathologic response (MPR). Among them, seven (46.7%) were assessed as radiological partial response and eight (53.3%) as stable disease. Among 20 patients with pathologically identified tumor beds in lymph nodes (LNs), 10 and six patients achieved pCR/MPR in primary tumors and paired LNs, respectively. pCR was achieved in 6/19 N1 nodes and 1/7 N2 nodes. Residual viable tumor (RVT) cells in 8/9 MPR specimens had 100% immune-activated phenotype, while a median of 80% of RVT cells in pathologic nonresponse specimens presented immune-excluded/desert phenotype. These findings demonstrated that assessment of pathologic responses in both primary tumor and LNs may be important as a surrogate for assessing neoadjuvant immunotherapeutic efficacy.
Expansion characteristics of butanol-diesel spray and droplet
Authors: Li Fengyu , Fu Wei , Zhou Kun , Lin Qizhao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Butanol is one of the most promising alternative fuels. This study is conducted focusing on the expansion characteristics of butanol-diesel spray. In this work, a high-speed common rail system is used for generating direct spray, and single droplet of tested fuel is heated, the radial diffusion of the whole spray and the expansion of butanol-diesel droplet are observed and analysed. Results show that the addition of butanol enhances the radial development of butanol-diesel value, while the addition of butanol would bring a little negative effect on the speed of radial diffusion. Additionally, the addition of butanol makes the deformation of the mixed fuel droplets more intense.
Are crop and detailed physiological models equally ‘mechanistic’ for predicting the genetic variability of whole-plant behaviour? The nexus between mechanisms and adaptive strategies
Authors: Tardieu F , Granato I S C , Van Oosterom E J , Parent B , Hammer G L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tailoring genotypes for the variety of environmental scenarios associated with climate change requires modelling of the genetic variability of adaptation mechanisms to environmental cues. A large number of physiological mechanisms have been described and modelled, e.g. at transcript, metabolic or hormonal levels, but they remain to be assembled into whole-plant and canopy models. A ‘bottom-up’ approach combining physiological mechanisms leads to a near-infinite number of combinations and to an unmanageable number of parameters, so more parsimonious approaches are required. We propose that natural selection has constrained the large diversity of mechanisms into consistent strategies, in such a way that not all combinations of mechanisms are possible. These constraints, and resulting feedbacks, result in integrative ‘meta-mechanisms’, e.g. response curves of traits to environmental conditions, measurable via high-throughput phenotyping, and resulting in robust and stable equations with heritable genotype-dependent parameters. Examples are provided for the responses of developmental traits to temperature, for the response of growth and yield to water deficit and evaporative demand, and for the response of tillering to light and temperature. In these examples, it was inoperative to combine upstream mechanisms into whole-plant mechanisms, whereas the evolutionary constraints on the combinations of physiological mechanisms render possible the use of genotype-specific response curves at plant or canopy levels. These can be used for a new generation of crop models capable of simulating the behaviour of thousands of genotypes. This has significant consequences for plant modelling and its use in genetics and breeding.
Ggps1 deficiency in the uterus results in dystocia by disrupting uterine contraction
Authors: Sang Yong-Juan , Wang Qiang , Zheng Feng , Hua Yue , Wang Xin-Ying , Zhang Jing-Zi , Li Kang , Wang Hai-Quan , Zhao Yue , Zhu Min-Sheng , Sun Hai-Xiang , Li Chao-Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dystocia is a serious problem for pregnant women, and it increases the cesarean section rate. Although uterine dysfunction has an unknown etiology, it is responsible for cesarean delivery and clinical dystocia, resulting in neonatal morbidity and mortality; thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Previous studies indicated that statins, which inhibit the mevalonate (MVA) pathway of cholesterol synthesis, can reduce the incidence of preterm birth, but the safety of statins for pregnant women has not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, to unambiguously examine the function of the MVA pathway in pregnancy and delivery, we employed a genetic approach by using myometrial cell-specific deletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (Ggps1) mice. We found that Ggps1 deficiency in myometrial cells caused impaired uterine contractions, resulting in disrupted embryonic placing and dystocia. Studies of the underlying mechanism suggested that Ggps1 is required for uterine contractions to ensure successful parturition by regulating RhoA prenylation to activate the RhoA/Rock2/p-MLC pathway. Our work indicates that perturbing the MVA pathway might result in problems during delivery for pregnant females, but modifying protein prenylation with supplementary farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate might be a strategy to avoid side effects.
Jejunal intussusceptions due to metastatic malignant melanoma: a case report
Authors: Correia de Sá Tiago , Ferreira Ana Isabel , Barreto Filomena , Santos Mariana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intussusception is an infrequent cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in adults and surgical resection is warranted in most cases. Small bowel is a common site of recurrence from cutaneous melanoma but early diagnosis is still a challenge. Acute peritonitis, haemorrhage and obstruction are known clinical presentations. Wide surgical excision with free margins and accompanied mesentery is the treatment of choice and may improve the prognosis. We present a case of small bowel obstruction due to three intussusceptions by metastatic malignant melanoma submitted to surgery.
The impact of hospital safety-net status on inpatient outcomes for brain tumor craniotomy: a 10-year nationwide analysis
Authors: Tang Oliver Y , Rivera Perla Krissia M , Lim Rachel K , Weil Robert J , Toms Steven A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Outcome disparities have been documented at safety-net hospitals (SNHs), which disproportionately serve vulnerable patient populations. Using a nationwide retrospective cohort, we assessed inpatient outcomes following brain tumor craniotomy at SNHs in the United States.

Methods
We identified all craniotomy procedures in the National Inpatient Sample from 2002–2011 for brain tumors: glioma, metastasis, meningioma, and vestibular schwannoma. Safety-net burden was calculated as the number of Medicaid plus uninsured admissions divided by total admissions. Hospitals in the top quartile of burden were defined as SNHs. The association between SNH status and in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, complications, hospital-acquired conditions (HACs), length of stay (LOS), and costs were assessed. Multivariate regression adjusted for patient, hospital, and severity characteristics.

Results
304,719 admissions were analyzed. The most common subtype was glioma (43.8%). Of 1,206 unique hospitals, 242 were SNHs. SNH admissions were more likely to be non-white (P &lt; .001), low income (P &lt; .001), and have higher severity scores (P = .034). Mortality rates were higher at SNHs for metastasis admissions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, P = .025), and SNHs had higher complication rates for meningioma (OR = 1.34, P = .003) and all tumor types combined (OR = 1.17, P = .034). However, there were no differences at SNHs for discharge disposition or HACs. LOS and hospital costs were elevated at SNHs for all subtypes, culminating in a 10% and 9% increase in LOS and costs for the overall population, respectively (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
SNHs demonstrated poorer inpatient outcomes for brain tumor craniotomy. Further analyses of the differences observed and potential interventions to ameliorate interhospital disparities are warranted.
Pulsed field ablation: a promise that came true
Authors: Anic Ante , Breskovic Toni , Sikiric Ivan 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Pulsed field ablation is a nonthermal ablative modality that uses short living, strong electrical field created around catheter to create microscopic pores in cell membranes (electroporation). When adequately dosed/configured it shows a preference for myocardial tissue necrosis. Thus, it holds a promise to become a ‘perfect’ energy source for cardiac ablation to treat arrhythmias. Herein, we present update on platforms in clinical development.

Recent findings
First in human series using pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation ablation have been completed and data published for several platforms. Acute safety outcomes are similar across the platforms with exceptionally low rate of those complications that are typically reported for thermal ablation methods (esophageal injury, pulmonary vein stenosis, phrenic nerve palsy). Promising acute data on pulmonary vein isolation had been corroborated with satisfactory 1-year clinical follow-up for a single platform, whereas reports are pending for the rest. Research efforts are being expanded to a development of focal catheters, and therefore, pulsed field ablation application for ventricular arrhythmias.

Summary
As the reports confirming its safety and efficacy build up, there seems to be no way that the promise of pulsed field ablation could end in a blind alley.
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Akowuah Prince K. , Kobia-Acquah Emmanuel 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSIGNIFICANCEDry eye disease is a significant public health problem globally. The magnitude of the dry eye disease problem in Africa is, however, unknown. This study provides important and lacking information on dry eye disease in Africa.PURPOSEThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease in Africa.METHODSA systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on dry eye disease in Africa. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease in Africa and meta-regression to explore the association between dry eye and sex, age, study population, country of study, and type of study.RESULTSThe overall prevalence estimate of dry eye disease in Africa was 42.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.7 to 53.8%). The prevalence rates of dry eye disease in male and female individuals were 42.1% (95% CI, 28.5 to 56.3%) and 44.4% (95% CI, 30.2 to 59.0%), respectively; in South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, and Egypt, the rates were 54.9% (95% CI, 39.0 to 70.4%), 38.3% (95% CI,17.7 to 61.4%), 41.4% (95% CI, 20.1 to 64.5%), and 34.9% (95% CI, 13.2 to 60.6%) respectively; and in school, hospital, and population-based studies, the rates were 51.6% (95% CI, 40.6 to 62.6%), 38.7% (95% CI, 21.9 to 57.0%), and 37.4% (95% CI, 27.4 to 48.0%). respectively. The prevalence rates of dry eye disease were 36.9% (95% CI, 26.7 to 51.1%) in a “normal” population and 44.2% (95% CI, 18.0 to 67.9%) in a population with known risk conditions. There were no associations between dry eye disease prevalence and sex (P= .88), type of study (P= .42), country of study (P= .33), study population (P= .59), and the diagnostic criteria used (P= .36).CONCLUSIONSThere seems to be a significant dry eye disease burden in Africa. This may pose an important public health problem that requires immediate attention and action. More epidemiological studies in Africa are needed to fully understand this problem to inform policy decisions.
Severe Fireworks-Related Injuries
Authors: Jacobson Lauren , Sandvall Brinkley K. , Quistberg D. Alex , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Vavilala Monica S. , Friedrich Jeffrey B. , Keys Kari A. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
The relationship between fireworks and patient characteristics is not known. Our objective was to examine how severe fireworks-related injuries in children and teens compare to adults.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case series (2005–2015) study of patients who sustained consumer fireworks-related injuries requiring hospital admission and/or operation at a single level 1 trauma/burn center. The distribution of race, use behavior, injury type, body region injured, and firework type was examined by age groups, 1 to 10 years, 11 to 17 years, and 18 years or older.

Results
Data from 294 patients 1 to 61 years of age (mean, 24 years) were examined. The majority (91%) were male. The proportion of injuries from different firework types varied by age, with rockets causing the highest proportion in children aged 1 to 10 years, homemade fireworks in those aged 11 to 17 years, and shells/mortars in adults 18 years or older. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years were more frequently American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, or Asian than White. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years and 11 to 17 years were more frequently bystanders than active users. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years and 11 to 17 years had a greater proportion of burn and face injuries. Children aged 1 to 10 years had a decreased proportion of hand injuries. Three patients, 2 adults and 1 child aged 11 to 17 years, died.

Conclusions
Children, teens, and adults experience severe fireworks-related injuries differently, by demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and firework types. Tailored public health interventions could target safety messaging and injury prevention outreach efforts to reduce firework injuries among children and adolescents.
Musculoskeletal MRI of Nontraumatic Emergencies
Authors: Souza Felipe Ferreira de , Pretell-Mazzini Juan , Subhawong Ty K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A wide range of nontraumatic musculoskeletal conditions may require emergent or urgent management to avoid adverse clinical outcomes. These entities include bone and soft tissue infections, tissue necrosis, impending pathologic fracture or fungating tumor, and pseudoaneurysms. In this review, the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of these various entities is presented and discussed with the aim of improving radiologist and clinician recognition of the importance of key imaging findings in each case.
Private equity in 401(K) plans – a trillion dollar opportunity?
Authors: Sichel Robert L. , Wade William P. , Delaney Ruth E. , Zanotti Kristina M. , McGrath Michael 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To explain recent regulatory guidance for different types of stakeholders, including asset managers, fund complexes, and institutional investors.

Design/methodology/approach
Summary of recent regulatory guidance and explanation for different types of stakeholders, including asset managers, fund complexes, and institutional investors.

Findings
While the U.S. Department of Labor’s (DOL’s) letter does not open the door to direct access to Private Market Investments by 401(k) plan participants, it does provide a framework for the expanded use of private equity and, we believe, other types of Private Market Investments in managed asset allocation funds such as target date funds.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced asset management and investment funds and ERISA lawyers.