bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the origins of two‐photon absorption properties in fluorescent protein chromophores
Authors: Grabarek Dawid , Andruniów Tadeusz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe provide here a structural impact on two‐photon absorption cross‐section (σTPA) for 22 distinct fluorescent protein (FP) chromophores. By employing time‐dependent density functional theory, we gain insight into two‐photon absorption (TPA) process by investigating relationship between σTPA and one‐photon electronic transition dipole moment and permanent dipole moment change (Δμ) upon transition. Our results reveal that for the S1 excited state, σTPA is proportional to (Δμ)2 in agreement with two‐state model of TPA process. On the contrary, the TPA spectroscopy of higher excited states (S
n, n > 1) is much more complex. We do not find a main driving force of large σTPA that would be common for investigated chromophores. Instead, it seems that channel interference between one‐photon transition dipole moment vectors is responsible for enhancement or diminishment of σTPA. Our in vacuo results may serve as a benchmark to investigate a role of chromophore‐protein interaction in shaping TPA spectra of FPs.
Linearized min‐max robust model predictive control: Application to the control of a bioprocess
Authors: Benattia S. E. , Tebbani S. , Dumur D. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis work deals with the problem of trajectory tracking for a nonlinear system with unknown but bounded model parameter uncertainties. First, this work focuses on the design of a robust nonlinear model predictive control (RNMPC) law subject to model parameter uncertainties implying solving a min‐max optimization problem. Secondly, a new approach is proposed, consisting in relating the min‐max problem to a more tractable optimization problem based on the use of linearization techniques to ensure a good trade‐off between tracking accuracy and computation time. The developed strategy is applied in simulation to a simplified macroscopic continuous photobioreactor model and is compared to the RNMPC and nonlinear model predictive controllers. Its efficiency and its robustness against parameter uncertainties and/or perturbations are illustrated through numerical results.
A new unified input‐to‐state stability criterion for impulsive stochastic delay systems with Markovian switching
Authors: Chen Huabin , Shi Peng , Lim Cheng‐Chew 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the problems of the input‐to‐state stability (ISS), the integral input‐to‐state stability (iISS), the stochastic input‐to‐state stability (SISS) and the eλt(λ>0)‐weighted input‐to‐state stability (eλt‐ISS) are investigated for nonlinear time‐varying impulsive stochastic delay systems with Markovian switching. We propose one unified criterion for the stabilizing impulse and the destabilizing impulse to guarantee the ISS, iISS, SISS and eλt‐ISS for such systems. We verify that when the upper bound of the average impulsive interval is given, the stabilizing impulsive effect can stabilize the systems without ISS. We also show that the destabilizing impulsive signal with a given lower bound of the average impulsive interval can preserve the ISS of the systems. In addition, one criterion for guaranteeing the ISS of nonlinear time‐varying stochastic hybrid systems under no impulsive effect is derived. Two examples including one coupled dynamic systems model subject to external random perturbation of the continuous input and impulsive input disturbances are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretic results developed.
Aberrant lipid metabolism as an emerging therapeutic strategy to target cancer stem cells
Authors: Visweswaran Malini , Arfuso Frank , Warrier Sudha , Dharmarajan Arun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Emerging evidence in cancer metabolomics has identified reprogrammed metabolic pathways to be a major hallmark of cancer, among which deregulated lipid metabolism is a prominent field receiving increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise &lt;0.1% of the tumor bulk and possess high self-renewal, tumor-initiating properties, and are responsible for therapeutic resistance, disease recurrence, and tumor metastasis. Hence, it is imperative to understand the metabolic rewiring occurring in CSCs, especially their lipid metabolism, on which there have been recent reports. CSCs rely highly upon lipid metabolism for maintaining their stemness properties and fulfilling their biomass and energy demands, ultimately leading to cancer growth and invasion. Hence, in this review we will shed light on the aberrant lipid metabolism that CSCs exploit to boost their survival, which comprises upregulation in de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplet synthesis, lipid desaturation, and β-oxidation. Furthermore, the metabolic regulators involved in the process, such as key lipogenic enzymes, are also highlighted. Finally, we also summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting the key regulators involved in CSCs' lipid metabolism, which thereby demonstrates the potential to develop powerful and novel therapeutics against the CSC lipid metabolome.
Tunable hydrogels for mesenchymal stem cell delivery: Integrin-induced transcriptome alterations and hydrogel optimization for human wound healing
Authors: Marusina Alina I. , Merleev Alexander A. , Luna Jesus I. , Olney Laura , Haigh Nathan E. , Yoon Daniel , Guo Chen , Ovadia Elisa M. , Shimoda Michiko , Luxardi Guillaume , Boddu Sucharita , Lal Nelvish N. , Takada Yoshikazu , Lam Kit S. , Liu Ruiwu , Isseroff R. Rivkah , Le Stephanie , Nolta Jan A. , Kloxin April M. , Maverakis Emanual 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTherapeutic applications for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are growing; however, the successful implementation of these therapies requires the development of appropriate MSC delivery systems. Hydrogels are ideally suited to cultivate MSCs but tuning hydrogel properties to match their specific in vivo applications remains a challenge. Thus, further characterization of how hydrogel-based delivery vehicles broadly influence MSC function and fate will help lead to the next generation of more intelligently designed delivery vehicles. To date, few attempts have been made to comprehensively characterize hydrogel impact on the MSC transcriptome. Herein, we have synthesized cell-degradable hydrogels based on bio-inert poly(ethylene glycol) tethered with specific integrin-binding small molecules and have characterized their resulting effect on the MSC transcriptome when compared with 2D cultured and untethered 3D hydrogel cultured MSCs. The 3D culture systems resulted in alterations in the MSC transcriptome, as is evident by the differential expression of genes related to extracellular matrix production, glycosylation, metabolism, signal transduction, gene epigenetic regulation, and development. For example, genes important for osteogenic differentiation were upregulated in 3D hydrogel cultures, and the expression of these genes could be partially suppressed by tethering an integrin-binding RGD peptide within the hydrogel. Highlighting the utility of tunable hydrogels, when applied to ex vivo human wounds the RGD-tethered hydrogel was able to support wound re-epithelialization, possibly due to its ability to increase PDGF expression and decrease IL-6 expression. These results will aid in future hydrogel design for a broad range of applications.
Canonical Wnt signaling promotes pacemaker cell specification of cardiac mesodermal cells derived from mouse and human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liang Wenbin , Han Pengcheng , Kim Elizabeth H. , Mak Jordan , Zhang Rui , Torrente Angelo G. , Goldhaber Joshua I. , Marbán Eduardo , Cho Hee Cheol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can give rise to de novo chamber cardiomyocytes and nodal pacemaker cells. Compared with our understanding of direct differentiation toward atrial and ventricular myocytes, the mechanisms for nodal pacemaker cell commitment are not well understood. Taking a cue from the prominence of canonical Wnt signaling during cardiac pacemaker tissue development in chick embryos, we asked if modulations of Wnt signaling influence cardiac progenitors to bifurcate to either chamber cardiomyocytes or pacemaker cells. Omitting an exogenous Wnt inhibitor, which is routinely added to maximize cardiac myocyte yield during differentiation of mouse and human ESCs, led to increased yield of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes with action potential properties similar to those of native sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. The pacemaker phenotype was accompanied by enhanced expression of genes and gene products that mark nodal pacemaker cells such as Hcn4, Tbx18, Tbx3, and Shox2. Addition of exogenous Wnt3a ligand, which activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased the yield of pacemaker-like myocytes while reducing cTNT-positive pan-cardiac differentiation. Conversely, addition of inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to increased chamber myocyte lineage development at the expense of pacemaker cell specification. The positive impact of canonical Wnt signaling on nodal pacemaker cell differentiation was evidenced in direct differentiation of two human ESC lines and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data identify the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a critical determinant of cardiac myocyte subtype commitment during ESC differentiation: endogenous Wnt signaling favors the pacemaker lineage, whereas its suppression promotes the chamber cardiomyocyte lineage.
Unlocking the paradoxical endogenous stem cell response after spinal cord injury
Authors: Hachem Laureen D. , Mothe Andrea J. , Tator Charles H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nearly a century ago, the concept of the secondary injury in spinal cord trauma was first proposed to explain the complex cascade of molecular and cellular events leading to widespread neuronal and glial cell death after trauma. In recent years, it has been established that the ependymal region of the adult mammalian spinal cord contains a population of multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that are activated after spinal cord injury (SCI) and likely play a key role in endogenous repair and regeneration. How these cells respond to the various components of the secondary injury remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that many of the biochemical components of the secondary injury cascade which have classically been viewed as deleterious to host neuronal and glial cells may paradoxically trigger NSPC activation, proliferation, and differentiation thus challenging our current understanding of secondary injury mechanisms in SCI. Herein, we highlight new findings describing the response of endogenous NSPCs to spinal cord trauma, redefining the secondary mechanisms of SCI through the lens of the endogenous population of stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, we outline how these insights can fuel novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to repair the injured spinal cord.
An improved deep network for intelligent diagnosis of machinery faults with similar features
Authors: Yang Jing , Xie Guo , Yang Yanxi , Li Xin , Mu Lingxia , Takahashi Sei , Mochizuki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrently, fault diagnosis, especially single fault diagnosis, has yielded fruitful research results. However, for concurrent faults, which exist more widely in real industrial systems. Due to the challenges of complex model mechanism, single and coupled monitoring data, as well as difficulty distinguished similar features, causing the existing research findings on concurrent faults have not yet achieved satisfactory effects. Considering the problem and in order to extract features automatically while enhancing the diagnostic accuracy, an improved sparse autoencoder (SAE) network for intelligent diagnosis is proposed. Specifically, the main contents are as follows: firstly, the original time‐domain signals are preprocessed to eliminate the noise disturbance. The processed signals are then adopted as the input of diagnostic network. Secondly, an initial weight constraint and an adaptive loss function are constructed to improve the diversity of SAE feature learning. Thirdly, limited‐memory quasi‐newton algorithm (L‐BFGS) algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution and the machinery health condition identification is achieved by softmax classifier. Finally, the verification experiments based on the monitoring data obtained from different machinery are conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
It's not “too late”: Learning from Pacific Small Island Developing States in a warming world
Authors: Hayward Bronwyn , Salili Diana H. , Tupuana'i Luisa Leo , Tualamali'i' Josiah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe scale and speed of action required to limit global warming is unprecedented. However, claims that it is “too late” to act or that societal collapse is “inevitable,” must be challenged, particularly in the context of Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS). Here, the serious impacts of sea‐level rise may already be unavoidable, but ongoing global mitigation efforts are essential to avoid further catastrophic impacts. First, narratives of despair reinforce social distancing in ways that make it harder to assert claims of shared responsibility for past climate injustices and mutual obligations in the future. Second, claims that it too late to avoid societal collapse overlook significant adaptation efforts already initiated by PSIDS, particularly those led by women and youth, which are informed by distinctive community values of Vai Nui or Fonofale (interconnected well‐living). These values have sustained PSIDS societies through traumatic histories of colonization, racism, and violence, and are still positioned to support communities suffering now, and when facing future risks.This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions
Revisiting climate ambition: The case for prioritizing current action over future intent
Authors: Dubash Navroz K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrowing concerns that it may indeed be too late to address climate change have led to calls for urgent action from scientists, governments and citizens. To understand how these calls may be useful requires exploring how they are mediated by both global and national climate governance architectures. Globally, the Paris Agreement architecture is premised on a learning by doing logic that prioritizes experimentation. National governance mechanisms have emerged in reaction to such international processes, but are deeply shaped by local contexts. National systems differ in the narratives on which they are based, their institutional forms, and the resultant interests mobilized. Specifically, they differ in the centrality of climate change itself to national narratives of action and, instead, often embed climate motivations within other national objectives. As a result, calls for enhanced ambition can have different effects depending on how they are framed, and therefore how amenable they are to being internalized nationally. In particular, ambition understood predominantly as enhanced quantitative pledges could yield perverse outcomes truncating the learning by doing dynamic of the Paris Agreement; returning the focus of global political attention disproportionately to a burden‐sharing discussion; creating incentives for gaming pledges; and stretching scarce implementation capacity in the developing world. More flexible framings that can harness ambition to accelerated experimentation, broader coalitions, and synergies with other objectives can be fruitful. Questions such as “is it too late?” are useful if they encourage action and learning by doing; less so if they shift attention to future intent over current action.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Catch-up growth in children with chronic kidney disease started on enteral feeding after 2 years of age
Authors: Marlais Matko , Stojanovic Jelena , Jones Helen , Cleghorn Shelley , Rees Lesley 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnteral feeding by tube in chronic kidney disease (CKD) before 2 years of age improves growth. Whether it is effective after this age is unknown. We assessed whether height and weight SDS changed after tube feeding was started in children with CKD above 2 years of age.MethodsRetrospective study of pre-transplant, pre-pubertal children (< 11 years) with CKD stages 2–5 started on nasogastric tube or gastrostomy feeds for the first time after age 2 years. Children were identified by searching dietetic records and the renal database. Children on growth hormone were excluded. Height, weight, and BMI were documented 1 year prior to and at the start of tube feeds, and after 1 and 2 years. Data collection ceased at transplantation.ResultsFifty children (25 male) were included. The median (range) age at start of tube feeds was 5.6 (2.1–10.9) years. Sixteen children were dialysed (1 haemodialysis, 15 peritoneal dialysis); 34 predialysis patients had a median (range) eGFR of 22 (6–88) ml/min/1.73 m2. Overall height SDS (Ht SDS) improved from − 2.39 to − 2.27 at 1 year and − 2.18 after 2 years (p= 0.02). BMI SDS improved from − 0.72 to 0.23 after 1 year and was 0.09 after 2 years of enteral feeding (p< 0.0001). Height SDS improved more in children aged 2–6 years (− 2.13 to − 1.68,p= 0.03) and in children not on dialysis (− 2.33 to − 1.99,p= 0.002).ConclusionsEnteral tube feeding commenced after 2 years of age in prepubertal children with CKD improves height and weight SDS, with stability of BMI during the second year. Younger children and those not on dialysis had the greatest benefit.
Validation of the Vietnamese Translation Version of the Female Sexual Function Index in Infertile Patients
Authors: Ho Thanh Tam Thi , Le Minh Tam , Truong Quang Vinh , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy , Cao Ngoc Thanh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is regarded as a self-administered screening questionnaire for assessing the presence of any type of sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese translation version of the Female Sexual Function Index (VN-FSFI) in a sample of infertile Vietnamese women.

Methods
An existing Vietnamese translated-FSFI version was used as a first-step approach to back-translate into English. Based on the comparison of the original English version and the back-translation script, a modified version of the FSFI was revised. This version was evaluated for “content validity” by a panel of 3 experts and for “face validity” by a pilot study that was based on its results to refine to reach the last Vietnamese FSFI version (VN-FSFI version). A cross-sectional survey to investigate psychometric reliability and validity of the last VN-FSFI version was conducted with 271 infertile Vietnamese women from January 2017 through February 2018, at a hospital located in a central region of Vietnam. Construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis using varimax rotation and factor analysis. Reliability studies on internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, domain inter-correlations, and domain-total correlations) and on test-retest (Intraclass correlation coefficient).

Main Outcome Measure
Construct validity and the reliability of the VN-FSFI version.

Results
Based on principal component analysis, a 5-factor model was established, consisting of arousal/orgasm, satisfaction, pain, lubrication, and desire that explained 72.32% of the total variance. The factorial structure supported to 6 retrieved domains that corresponded to the original version. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.92 for the total scale and 0.72−0.89 for the domains. Domain inter-correlations ranged from 0.36−0.73 and domain-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.67−0.84. Test-retest correlation coefficients over 2−4 weeks were 0.97 (P &lt; .001) for the total scale and 0.84−0.96 for the domains.

Conclusion
With good psychometric properties, which are almost similar to the original English version, this Vietnamese translation version of the Female Sexual Function Index (VN-FSFI version) was proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure multidimensional aspects of sexual function in infertile Vietnamese women.
Complications and Management of Penile Girth Enhancement with Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Xu Tingmin , Zhang Guoxi , Bai Wenjun , Li Qing , Yang Anpu , Lin Qiushi , Xu Tao , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a common filler used widely in clinical practice to increase penile girth for cosmetic reasons, but there are few studies on its complications.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the complications of penile girth enhancement (PGE) with ADM.

Methods
The medical records of 78 patients who underwent PGE with ADM between June 2016 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure
Related complications and their subsequent management were summarized and analyzed.

Results
78 patients (mean age 31.14 years [21−66 years]) received PGE with ADM. At the 3-month follow-up, the penile circumference was increased by 1.1 (0.5−2.1) cm on average. There were 47 patients with erectile discomfort, 12 with delayed healing, 10 with unobvious augmentation effect, 8 with wound hematoma, 7 with prepuce edema, 4 with wound infection, and 3 patients with skin necrosis of the dorsal side. 7 patients eventually underwent ADM removal.

Clinical Implications
These adverse complications indicate that ADM should be used with caution for PGE.

Strength & Limitations
This study adds important data, as there are few published reports on the complications of PGE with ADM. However, this study did not compare postoperative complications with ADM to those seen with other filler material.

Conclusion
Even with standardized surgical methods and rigorous postoperative care, complications of PGE using ADM are severe, which indicates that it is not an ideal or safe method for PGE.