bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and cost-effective model for ventricular catheter placement training: technical note
Authors: Todnem Nathan , Nguyen Khoi D. , Reddy Vamsi , Grogan Dayton , Waitt Taylor , Alleyne Cargill H. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is one of first cranial procedures neurosurgery residents are expected to perform independently. While proper training improves patient outcomes, there are few options for practicing EVD placement prior to placing the EVD in patients in a clinical setting. Proposed solutions to this include using cadaveric models and virtual simulations, but barriers exist with these as well in regard to authenticity. EVD simulators using virtual reality technologies are a promising new technique for training, but the cost of these devices poses a barrier to general/widespread accessibility among smaller programs or underserved hospitals. The authors desribe a novel, yet simple, and cost-effective technique (less than $5 per mold) for developing a brain model constructed of homemade ballistics gelatin that can be used for teaching and practicing the placement of EVD.

METHODS
A brain model is made with ballistics gelatin using an anatomically correct skull model as a mold. A 3D-printed ventricular system model is used to create a mold of an anatomically correct ventricular system in the brain model. A group of medical students (n = 10) were given a basic presentation about EVD placement, including standard landmarks and placement techniques, and were also shown a demonstration of EVD placement on the brain model. They were then allowed to perform an EVD placement using the brain model. The students were surveyed on their experience with using the brain model, including usability and practicality of the model. Accuracy of EVD placement by each student was also assessed, with adequate position of catheter tip being in the ipsilateral frontal horn.

RESULTS
The final product is fairly inexpensive and easy to make. It is soft enough to pass a catheter through, but it is also firm enough to maintain its shape, including a cavity representing the lateral ventricles. The dense gelatin holds the catheter in its final resting position, while the two halves are separated and inspected. All participants in the test group of medical students reported that the brain model was easy to use, helped them understand the steps and technique of EVD placement, and provided good feedback on the ideal position of ventricular catheters. All of the participants in the group had adequate positioning of their ventricular catheters after one attempt.

CONCLUSIONS
The presented brain model is easy to replicate, inexpensive, anatomically accurate, and provides a medium for neurosurgeons to teach and practice ventricular catheter placement in a risk-free environment.
Levels of caspase-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury: correlation with intracranial pressure and outcome
Authors: Pérez-Bárcena Jon , Crespí Catalina , Frontera Guillem , Llompart-Pou Juan Antonio , Salazar Osman , Goliney Victor , Ibáñez Javier , Bullock M. Ross , de Rivero Vaccari Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to evaluate levels of inflammasome-signaling proteins in serum and CSF of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to correlate these protein levels with intracranial pressure (ICP) and clinical outcomes at 6 months after injury.

METHODS
This is a prospective and observational study in patients with moderate and severe TBI who required an external ventricular drain as part of their treatment. Serum and CSF samples were collected 3 times a day for the first 5 days after TBI. The authors have determined the protein concentration of caspase-1 in the CSF and serum of patients with TBI by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ICP value was recorded hourly. The 6-month outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended.

RESULTS
A total of 21 patients were included in this study, and a total of 234 paired serum-CSF samples were analyzed. The area under the curve (AUC) value of caspase-1 in CSF during the 5-day period was 2452.9 pg/mL·hr in the group of patients with high ICP vs 617.6 pg/mL·hr in the patients with low ICP. The differences were mainly on day 2 (19.7 pg/mL vs 1.8 pg/mL; p = 0.06) and day 3 (13.9 pg/mL vs 1 pg/mL; p = 0.05). The AUC value of caspase in CSF during the 5-day period was 1918.9 pg/mL·hr in the group of patients with poor outcome versus 924.5 pg/mL·hr in the patients with good outcome. The protein levels of caspase-1 in CSF were higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes during the first 96 hours after TBI.

CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of patients with TBI who were admitted to the neurosurgical ICU, the inflammasome protein caspase-1 is increased in the CSF of patients with high ICP, especially on days 2 and 3 after TBI. Also the protein levels of caspase-1 in CSF were higher in patients with poor outcome during the first 96 hours after TBI. Moreover, not only the absolute value of caspase-1 in CSF but also its trend is associated with poor outcomes.
Recurrence of cavernous malformations after surgery in childhood
Authors: Prolo Laura M. , Jin Michael C. , Loven Tina , Vogel Hannes , Edwards Michael S. B. , Steinberg Gary K. , Grant Gerald A. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVECavernous malformations (CMs) are commonly treated cerebrovascular anomalies in the pediatric population; however, the data on radiographic recurrence of pediatric CMs after surgery are limited. The authors aimed to study the clinical presentation, outcomes, and recurrence rate following surgery for a large cohort of CMs in children.METHODSPediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who had a CM resected at a single institution were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Fisher’s exact test of independence was used to assess differences in categorical variables. Survival curves were evaluated using the Mantel-Cox method.RESULTSFifty-three patients aged 3 months to 18 years underwent resection of 74 symptomatic CMs between 1996 and 2018 at a single institution. The median length of follow-up was 5.65 years. Patients most commonly presented with seizures (45.3%, n = 24) and the majority of CMs were cortical (58.0%, n = 43). Acute radiographic hemorrhage was common at presentation (64.2%, n = 34). Forty-two percent (n = 22) of patients presented with multiple CMs, and they were more likely to develop de novo lesions (71%) compared to patients presenting with a single CM (3.4%). Both radiographic hemorrhage and multiple CMs were independently prognostic for a higher risk of the patient requiring subsequent surgery. Fifty percent (n = 6) of the 12 patients with both risk factors required additional surgery within 2.5 years of initial surgery compared to none of the patients with neither risk factor (n = 9).CONCLUSIONSPatients with either acute radiographic hemorrhage or multiple CMs are at higher risk for subsequent surgery and require long-term MRI surveillance. In contrast, patients with a single CM are unlikely to require additional surgery and may require less frequent routine imaging.
The safety and efficacy of anterior versus posterior decompression surgery in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. , Soliman Mohamed A. R. , Ezzat Ahmed A. M. , Mohsen Amr , Zein-Elabedin Mostafa 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVEThe safety and efficacy of anterior and posterior decompression surgery in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) have not been validated in any prospective randomized trial.METHODSIn this first prospective randomized trial, the patients who had symptoms or signs of DCM were randomly assigned to undergo either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or posterior laminectomy with or without fusion. The primary outcome measures were the change in the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Nurick myelopathy grade 1 year after surgery. The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative and postoperative complications, hospital stay, and Odom’s criteria. The follow-up period was at least 1 year.RESULTSA total of 68 patients (mean age 53 ± 8.3 years, 72.3% men) underwent prospective randomization. There was a significantly better outcome in the NDI and VAS scores in the anterior group at 1 year (p < 0.05). Nurick myelopathy grading showed nonsignificant improvement using the posterior approach group (p = 0.79). The mean operative duration was significantly longer in the anterior group (p < 0.001). No significant difference in postoperative complications was found, except postoperative dysphagia was significantly higher in the anterior group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative patient satisfaction (Odom’s criteria) (p = 0.52). The mean hospital stay was significantly longer in the posterior group (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAmong patients with multilevel DCM, the anterior approach was significantly better regarding postoperative pain, NDI, and hospital stay, while the posterior approach was significantly better in terms of postoperative dysphagia and operative duration.
Implementasi Pendidikan Seks pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Fajrin Latifah Permatasari , Subar Junanto  , Kurniasari Diyah 
Published: May 2020

The problem in this research is the lack of knowledge of sex in early childhood and the methods used by educators in sex education are too monotonous in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of sex education in TK IT AL-Muhlas Yusro. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. This research was conducted at TK IT AL Muhlas Yusro. Sawit, Boyolali, Central Java from June to December 2019. The subjects of this study were teachers. The informants of this research are: Kindergarten Head and students. Data is collected by observation, interview and documentation. The validity of the data is obtained using source and method triangulation. The collected data is then analyzed by the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The implementation of sex education includes teacher preparation, namely preparing RPPH as a preliminary guide before learning in class. Implementation of learning with the storytelling method which consists of three processes namely opening, core activities, and closing. Evaluation is carried out through several stages, among others, observation of students' activities, children's work, and analysis of developments seen in children's behavior. Sex education is considered quite successful even though there are still shortcomings such as the lack of media, different children's understanding and minimal parental participation when at home.
Keywords: Implementation, Sex Education, Early Childhood
Pengaruh Permainan Ligu terhadap Interaksi Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di PAUD Doa Bunda Pematang Benteng Batang Peranap Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Ismawati Ismawati , Atika Putri Azlin 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan PAUD Doa Bunda Pematang Benteng Batang Peranap Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Permainan Ligu terhadap Interaksi Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Dari Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan ditemukan tidak sesuainya teori dan kenyataan dilapangan untuk tahapan perkembangan sosial anak usia dini, dikarenakan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak masih belum berkembang sesua harapan. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Paud Doa Bunda Pematang Benteng tergolong dalam Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen, yaitu post test control grup design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 16 orang anak, sampel diambil secara purposive sampling sebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas Al-falah sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas An-nas sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi yang berisi indikator interaksi sosial dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil uji hipotesis yang dilaksanakan diperoleh pembelajaran menggunakan Permainan Ligu dapat mempengaruhi perilaku sosial anak secara signifikan, sebagaimana hasil uji hitung > tabel (2.14 < 3.229 > 2.98) dengan taraf α = 0.05, dan nilai sig.(2-tailed) data posttest kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen adalah 0,006 < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil, hipotesis H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima dapat disimpulkan Permainan Ligu berpengaruh positif terhadap Interaksi Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di PAUD Doa Bunda Pematang Benteng Batang Peranap Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu.
Pengembangan Buku Bergambar Bertekstur Dilengkapi Teka-Teki Silang Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi Sub Materi Jaringan Epitel Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Hidayat Saifullah , Anggraeni Fima Diah Rovvy , Mukhlishoh Siti 
Published: May 2020

Media is one of tool to help the learning process. The media used in Senior Hight School 7 Semarang still general like book and LKS, the media admitted still has weakness from the presentation of contents, picture and increasing students interest, so that the learning looks monotonic and less to give progress of learning which is fun in the class. The thing explained raises the results of research like Developing The Book Which has Pictures and Textured and It is Completed with Crossword Puzzle As Media Learning Sub Material Materials Epitel Class XI SMA. This research uses the method. (R & D) with 4-D development model Thiagarajan dkk production Defind, Design, Develop and Dessiminate. The result of the research is based on the assessment of media material expert has decent criteria (Very Good) with 90.9% percentage, assessment according to the media expert is included in the criteria worth (excellent) with 85.5% percentage and the assessment according to the teacher is included in the appropriate category (Very Good) with a percentage of 98.48%. The effectiveness of the media on the value of entry in the category is quite effective with the mean of the average student control score of 5.70. Media readability test after using in the learning category is very good with a percentage of 86.1%. The result of reseach showing deserves using in the learning.
Osteopathic Primary Care Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Amanda Fernandez, OMS IV  , Ronald Januchowski, DO, FACOFP  
Published: May 2020

Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of the bowel that can cause physical, social and emotional injury to the patient. While perhaps not always making the initial diagnosis or providing primary treatment, the primary care physician can play a critical role in providing direction and clarity to the overall treatment plan for the patient. In addition, monitoring for complications or side effects of treatment will help maintain the patient’s optimal health.
Methods: A literature search using PubMed, NCBI and WorldCat.org was done using the terms ulcerative colitis treatment, psychosocial association of ulcerative colitis, surgical management of ulcerative colitis, epidemiology of ulcerative colitis, the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, probiotics in ulcerative colitis, OMT for ulcerative colitis, and diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. A primary date range of 2015-2019 was used with a secondary search extending back to 1985.
Discussion: An Osteopathic approach to the treatment of ulcerative colitis will help the patient remain highly functioning and reduce complications of this disease. By being aware of the various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options available, one can collaborate with the patient to create a treatment plan to minimize morbidity and increase functional days.
Words for pharma: a quantitative and qualitative analysis on vision, mission and values of multinational pharma companies.
Authors: Zuanetti Giulio , Colombo Francesca Giorgia , Galeone Carlotta 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Pharma companies deal with the same important challenges that humans face: to grow and stay healthy. The crucial role of pharma companies in preserving health would suggest that they might rank highly in the reputation indexes. However, this does not seem to be the case. Our aim was to collect, cluster and analyse the words used by pharma companies in their mission, vision and value statements as a base to identify areas of improvement in their corporate communication.
Methods: A total of 97 multinational pharma companies were selected based on their size and presence within major markets. Mission, vision and company values were captured from company websites and analysed. Word clouds were built to analyse the frequency of words in the statement. The influence of company size and location was also analysed.
Results: Most companies (90.7%) have a mission and 54.6% have a clearly stated vision statement, 71.4% mention values. “Life/lives” “patients”, “innovative”, “people/persons” are the most frequently used words. “Innovation” and “integrity” are by far the most common values, followed by “respect”, “ethics”, “responsibility” and “passion”. References to healthcare professionals, access to treatment and sustainability, open science, transparency and care for the environment are more scanty.
Conclusions: Most, but not all, pharma companies provide comprehensive statements focussing mostly on the innovation and its impact on patients. Topics such as role of health care professionals, economic sustainability and care for the environment are rarely listed. An in-depth analysis of their alignment with key needs and trending topics is warranted to further engage customers and build reputation and value. (Digital health)
Analysis of the ways of improvement of Ukraine – NATO cooperation on cybersecurity issues
Authors: Shypovskyi Volodymyr , Cherneha Volodymyr , Marchenkov Serhiy 
Published: May 2020

Recent events in Ukraine have shown that, along with the advancement of information technology, methods of conducting modern warfare are being enhanced. Cyberspace is deliberately used by the Russian Federation to commit cyber warfare against Ukraine. Therefore, in order to address their influence effectively, it is important not only successfully deal with its consequences but also to foresee the potential adversaryʼs actions by analyzing their previous operations and incorporating the lessons learned by other countries.
Across the globe, including Ukraine, the issue of information security and cyberattacks has become exceedingly urgent. Everybody is aware of the ongoing attacks on information networks of various government agencies and energy firms, cyberattacks on e-mail networks of political parties and organizations around the world. Likewise, despite the steadily growing numbers, cyberattack cases against the individuals and private businesses are not reported as widely as they occur.
As a result, The North Atlantic Alliance countries began tackling the issue of cyberthreats much earlier than Ukraine. Consequently, NATO and its allies rely on powerful and robust cyber defenses to ensure the Alliance's core tasks of collective defense.
The article discusses methods and strategies for providing cyber defense in NATO member states and recommends ways to increase the level of protection in the state's cyber space, as part of Ukraineʼs national security and defense domain.
X-ray and gamma-ray emission from solar flares
Authors: Lysenko A L , Frederiks D D , Fleishman G D , Aptekar R L , Altyntsev A T , Golenetskii S V , Svinkin D S , Ulanov MV , Tsvetkova A E , Ridnaia A V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

We present a brief review of the contemporary understanding of and topical problems in solar flare physics that can be clarified by methods of X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The review focuses on several issues, including the conditions and mechanisms of electron acceleration in solar flares, the flare energy distribution between thermal and nonthermal components, the gamma-ray emission from solar flares and its dynamics, and the spatial structure of X-ray and gamma-ray sources. Discussed in this context are the latest data obtained by the joint Russia–US experiment Konus-Wind, which in 2019 celebrated the 25th anniversary of continuous operation in space.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH HIJAU TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINIUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI KLINIK PERA SIMALINGKAR B KECAMATAN MEDAN TUNTUNGAN KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2019
Authors: Sitepu Stefani Anastasia , Hutabarat Vitrilina , Natalia Kristin 
Published: May 2020

Abstrak
Postpartum mothers who suffer from perineal injury if not properly maintained and improper care of the perineum can result in infection of the perineum. Care for perineal wounds is carried out by the Indonesian community, one of which is by using green betel leaf decoction water that has an antibiotic effect, based on the effect of this therapy, betel can also be used as material for wound care that is usually used by means of worms. Research to find out whether betel leaf water can accelerate the healing process of perineal wounds in post partum mothers. The research method is pre-experimental using a pretest and posttest design in one group. The sample in this study 31 respondents using non-likely sampling techniques using consecutive sampling method. The results of the study the effect of giving green betel leaf decoction to the healing of perineal wounds in post partum mothers pre-test post-test p-value 0.018 <α = 0.05 Ho is rejected, Ha Accepted which means there is an influence of perineal wound healing with green betel leaf decoction in pera simalingkar B clinic, Medan tuntung sub-district, Medan in 2019.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Prestasi Mahasiswa Program Diploma Pelayaran Universitas Hang Tuah
Authors: K Faulina 
Published: May 2020

Achievement Index is the average credit score which is the final grade unit that describes the value of teaching and learning process each semester. There are several factors that affect the achievement index, especially for students of the Hang Tuah University Surabaya Sailing Diploma Program. With the factor analysis method, four factors that affect the student achievement index of the Sailing Diploma Program with the highest to lowest scores are the Factors of Attention, Motivation and Ways of teaching which include parents' attention variables, motivation variables, lecturer teaching methods, then the second Factor is the Learning Environment Factor and Health which includes learning facility variables, health variables, student style and learning styles, as well as residential atmosphere variables and the third factor is Campus Environment Factors and Economic Conditions which include campus environment variables, economic variables and socialization ability variables

Indeks Prestasi (IP) adalah nilai kredit rata-rata yang merupakan satuan nilai akhir yang menggambarkan nilai proses belajar mengajar tiap semester. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi indeks prestasi (IP), khususnya pada mahasiswa Program Diploma Pelayaran Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya. Dengan metode analisis faktor diperoleh empat faktor yang mempengaruhi indeks prestasi mahasiswa Program Diploma Pelayaran dengan nilai tertinggi hingga terendah ialah Faktor Perhatian, Motivasi dan Cara pengajaran yang meliputi variabel perhatian orang tua, variabel motivasi, variabel cara pengajaran dosen, kemudian Faktor kedua ialah Faktor Lingkungan Belajar dan Kesehatan yang meliputi variabel fasilitas belajar, variabel kesehatan, variabel gaya dan cara belajar mahasiswa, serta variabel suasana tempat tinggal dan Faktor ketiga ialah Faktor Lingkungan Kampus dan Kondisi Ekonomi yang meliputi variabel lingkungan kampus, variabel ekonomi dan variabel kemampuan sosialisasi.