bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
Authors: Mariotti Angelo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBisphosphonates are important drugs that are increasingly prescribed to reduce the morbidity associated with osteoclast‐mediated bone diseases. Shortly after the turn of the century, a variety of case reports described a necrosis of the jaw bone in patients using bisphosphonates. Currently, an exposed area of necrotic jaw bone present for at least eight weeks in patients using bisphosphonates has been defined as a bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis (BON) by the American Dental Association. BON may occur spontaneously but is more frequently associated with local trauma to the jaw. At this time, a causal relationship between BON and bisphosphonates has not been demonstrated. This review will evaluate current data related to the occurrence, risk, prevention, treatment, and management of BON.
Developing a Standardized Cephalometric Vocabulary: Choices and Possible Strategies
Authors: Stewart Randall F. , Edgar Heather , Tatlock Charles , Kroth Philip J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe science of cephalometry has been invaluable for guiding orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcomes tracking. Though software packages easily calculate most cephalometric measurements, the ability to exchange cephalometric data bet ween software packages is poorly developed. Hindering this effort is the lack of an agreed‐upon standard for electronic exchange of cephalometric measurements. Unlike more technological issues, the problem of creating such a standard is one of formalizing decisions already established through historical precedent. Solving this problem will require education, cooperation, and consensus in order to reap the potential improvements to patient care, dental education, and research. The first step in overcoming these remaining issues is awareness. This article reviews those factors that place cephalometric measurements in an excellent position for standardization, outlines those decisions that must be made in order to realize the goal of electronic exchange of cephalometric information, and describes some of the options for these decisions as well as some advantages and disadvantages of each.
Periodontal‐Systemic Disease Education in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools
Authors: Wilder Rebecca S. , Iacopino Anthony M. , Feldman Cecile A. , Guthmiller Janet , Linfante Jeffrey , Lavigne Salme , Paquette David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch has proliferated in recent years regarding the relationship of oral disease to systemic conditions. Specifically, periodontal disease has been studied as a potential risk factor for multiple conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, while other research focuses on exposures or behaviors associated with oral disease. However, few articles have been published reporting how this information is integrated into schools of dentistry, both in the classroom and clinical curriculum. For our study, a thirty‐three‐item survey and cover letter were electronically mailed to academic deans at sixty‐five accredited dental schools in the United States and Canada in the fall of 2007. The response rate was 77 percent. According to the responses to this survey, the primary topics covered in the didactic curriculum regarding periodontal oral‐systemic disease are aging, CVD, diabetes, and tobacco use. Eighty‐eight percent of the respondents reported that their students are knowledgeable about the role of inflammation and its impact on oral‐systemic conditions. Forty‐eight percent of the respondents said they provide formal training for their students in how to discuss or communicate aspects of periodontal oral‐systemic disease with patients. Only seven schools reported teaching didactic content to dental students intermixed with other health professions students, and only two schools reported conducting joint projects. Only 9 percent of the respondents said they think nurses and physicians are knowledgeable about oral‐systemic disease. The findings indicate that dental schools are confident about the knowledge of their students regarding oral‐systemic content. However, much work is needed to educate dental students to work in a collaborative fashion with other health care providers to co‐manage patients at risk for oral‐systemic conditions.
Finding a Method to Analyze Qualitative Data: Using a Study of Conceptual Learning
Authors: McMillan Wendy J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is increasing awareness in the health sciences of the potential of qualitative research to address questions that quantitative research cannot satisfactorily answer. While a growing number of studies in health sciences and health sciences education discuss the value of such research or describe the methodology and data collection processes, few detail how analysis was carried out. Reliability and validity of findings from qualitative research depend on the quality of data management, retrieval, and interpretation or identification of meaning. The robustness of data analysis is therefore an important factor in the rigor of qualitative research. This article uses a study of dental students’ conceptual learning to illustrate strategies that ensure rigor in qualitative analysis. Factors that informed the decisions regarding analysis are discussed in detail. The use of both grounded theory and literature is discussed. The role that deductive and inductive reasoning played in the analysis is outlined. A brief section illustrates the kinds of conclusions that can be made about conceptual learning when qualitative data are rigorously analyzed. Finally, potential shortcomings in the study and alternatives or additional mechanisms for ensuring validity and reliability of analysis are discussed.
A Model for Critical Thinking Measurement of Dental Student Performance
Authors: Johnsen David C. , Finkelstein Michael W. , Marshall Teresa A. , Chalkley Yvonne M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe educational application of critical thinking has increased in the last twenty years with programs like problem‐based learning. Performance measurement related to the dental student's capacity for critical thinking remains elusive, however. This article offers a model now in use to measure critical thinking applied to patient assessment and treatment planning across the four years of the dental school curriculum and across clinical disciplines. Two elements of the model are described: 1) a critical thinking measurement “cell,” and 2) a list of minimally essential steps in critical thinking for patient assessment and treatment planning. Issues pertaining to this model are discussed: adaptations on the path from novice to expert, the role of subjective measurement, variations supportive of the model, and the correlation of individual and institutional assessment. The critical thinking measurement cell consists of interacting performance tasks and measures. The student identifies the step in the process (for example, chief complaint) with objective measurement; the student then applies the step to a patient or case with subjective measurement; the faculty member then combines the objective and subjective measurements into an evaluation on progress toward competence. The activities in the cell are then repeated until all the steps in the process have been addressed. A next task is to determine consistency across the four years and across clinical disciplines.
Impact of Infrastructure on Graduate Dental Education and Dental Clinic Productivity
Authors: Lam Hwai‐Tai C. , Ward Timothy , O'Toole Terry G. , Arola Patricia E. , Chang Barbara K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing all‐inclusive data from 126 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities that provide dental services, this study identified the staffing infrastructure under which the Veterans Health Administration can provide graduate dental education without compromising dental clinic productivity. From regression analyses, we found that teaching residents has a negative impact on staff dentists’ productivity; however, when the dental assistant to provider ratio is greater than or equal to 1.0, dental residents’ workload contribution can offset the negative impact on overall clinic productivity. In the presence of dental residents, the dental assistant, front‐desk personnel, and dental treatment room to provider ratios have a positive impact on productivity. The optimal ratios were calculated as 1.5 for dental assistants, 2.1 for dental treatment rooms, and 0.57 for front‐desk personnel.
Dentistry in Brazil: Its History and Current Trends
Authors: Saliba Nemre Adas , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Diniz Diego Garcia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this article are to provide a short history of dentistry and dental education in Brazil and to analyze the nature of its development to date. The databases consulted are those provided by the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brazilian Ministry of Education, National Institute of Studies and Educational Research Anísio Teixeira, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Formal dental education in Brazil started in the late nineteenth century with the creation of courses annexed to existing schools of medicine in Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. Today, there are 191 institutions of higher education nationwide granting degrees in dentistry (137 private [71.7 percent] and fifty‐four public [28.3 percent]), with a total of 17,157 student positions offered annually. These schools graduate around 10,000 professionals per year—one of the highest rates in the world. Both the distribution of schools of dentistry and of dentists varies among the regions of the country, with the greatest concentrations in major metropolitan centers with high population density, resulting in limited coverage in the more deprived regions. A review of epidemiological data for oral health and distribution of dentists in Brazil indicates that there is a lack of systematic planning for the allocation of the dental workforce and a lack of consideration of regional needs in the development of dental training programs in Brazil today.
Tomorrow's Leaders, Starting Today: A Pilot Leadership Development Program for Dental Students
Authors: Victoroff Kristin Z. , Schneider Keith , Perry Crystal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEffective leadership is vitally important as the dental profession strives to meet current and future challenges. Leadership development programs have been created for mid‐career dental professionals, but the relative lack of such programs for dental students may represent a missed opportunity to cultivate the dental leaders of tomorrow. A pilot leadership development program for dental students is described in this article. A voluntary leadership development program for dental students was offered in 2008 at the Case School of Dental Medicine with support from the Ohio Dental Association Foundation. The program aimed to increase students’ leadership knowledge, improve their leadership skills, and provide inspiration through exposure to leaders who could serve as role models. At the conclusion of the program, students attended the Ohio Dental Association's Leadership Institute event. Forty‐six students attended at least one program session. Thirty students attended all or all but one of the on‐site sessions. Thirty‐three participants responded to a post‐program anonymous online survey. The majority of participants (81 percent) rated the program as very useful or useful and said they would participate in the program again (85 percent). Student attendance at the state dental association's leadership event increased appreciably from previous years. Student participation in the pilot program exceeded expectations. Leadership development programs for dental students are feasible and can benefit students and the dental community.
Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward the Care of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities: Relationship Between Instruction and Experience
Authors: DeLucia Lisa M. , Davis Elaine L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between didactic instruction related to special needs patients and dental students’ expectations of and reported comfort levels in treating those with intellectual disabilities. The relationship between students’ experience with individuals with intellectual disabilities and their expectations and comfort levels was also assessed. Third‐year students were surveyed immediately before and one week, six months, and one year after a lecture on management of patients with developmental disabilities. Students indicated their previous experience with individuals with intellectual disabilities, assessment of their general capabilities (i.e., life function skills) and dental capabilities, and current and anticipated comfort levels related to their treatment. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significantly higher expectations of general and dental capabilities after instruction (p<0.05), but no change in comfort levels. At one‐year follow‐up, students’ expectations were still significantly higher than at baseline. Regression analyses indicated significant positive relationships between experience and baseline comfort levels (p<0.05), but no significant relationship between experience and expectations of general or dental capabilities. Based on these findings and review of the literature, it is recommended that curricula include experiential learning with reflective components in order to develop students’ comfort level in treating special needs populations.
Ability of Dental Students to Deliver Oxygen in a Medical Emergency
Authors: Le Thao T. , Scheller Erica L. , Pinsky Harold M. , Stefanac Stephen J. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability of dental students to administer emergency oxygen to a patient during a simulated emergency. Forty third‐year (D3) and fourth‐year (D4) dental students were recruited and asked to demonstrate their ability in managing a simulated angina attack. Students were tested on their knowledge related to emergency medical protocols, the time taken to obtain oxygen, and operation of the oxygen equipment. Of the subjects tested, 68 percent independently identified the need for oxygen and the correct location of the equipment in the dental school. Only 15 percent of the students completed the experiment within a predetermined optimal time frame, and 50 percent of all students did not successfully operate the tank regulator to administer oxygen correctly. Although most participants in the study were able to verbalize the proper protocol for managing medical emergencies, the chairside execution in this situation demonstrates room for improvement. Incorporation of periodic simulation exercises, in addition to classroom education, is likely to improve the ability of dental students to manage medical emergencies.
Robotic process automation in accounting systems
Authors: Harrast Steven A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRobotic process automation is rapidly transforming the world of work for accounting and other information professionals. Data collection and entry that used to occupy much of the workday is being automated by programmable software robots or bots. Automation using bots should begin with processes that are stable, repetitive, and consume sufficient resources to generate a solid return on investment. As bots are implemented, a number of governance, risk, and compliance issues need to be considered including appropriate controls on bot access to sensitive records and transactions. The bot development process also requires controls so that only tested and authorized bots are deployed. For many companies, RPA is exactly what they have been looking for to drive higher efficiency in information processing.
PCTR1 improves pulmonary edema fluid clearance through activating the sodium channel and lymphatic drainage in lipopolysaccharide‐induced ARDS
Authors: Zhang Pu‐hong , Han Jun , Cao Fei , Liu Yong‐jian , Tian Chao , Wu Cheng‐hua , Smith Fang Gao , Hao Yu , Jin Sheng‐wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lethal clinical syndrome characterized by damage of the epithelial barriers and accumulation of pulmonary edema fluid. Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1), an endogenously produced lipid mediator, are believed to exert anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution effects. PCTR1 (1 µg/kg) was injected at 8 hr after lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 14 mg/kg) administration, and the rate of pulmonary fluid clearance was measured in live rats at 1 hr after PCTR1 treatment. The primary type II alveolar epithelial cells were cultured with PCTR1 (10 nmol/ml) and LPS (1 μg/ml) for 8 hr. PCTR1 effectively improved pulmonary fluid clearance and ameliorated morphological damage and reduced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as improved the survival rate in the LPS‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) model. Moreover, PCTR1 markedly increased sodium channel expression as well as Na, K‐ATPase expression and activity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, PCTR1i also upregulated the expression of LYVE‐1 in vivo. Besides that, BOC‐2, HK7, and LY294002 blocked the promoted effect of PCTR1 on pulmonary fluid clearance. Taken together, PCTR1 upregulates sodium channels' expression via activating the ALX/cAMP/P‐Akt/Nedd4‐2 pathway and increases Na, K‐ATPase expression and activity to promote alveolar fluid clearance. Moreover, PCTR1 also promotes the expression of LYVE‐1 to recover the lymphatic drainage resulting in the increase of lung interstitial fluid clearance. In summary, these results highlight a novel systematic mechanism for PCTR1 in pulmonary edema fluid clearance after ALI/ARDS, suggesting its potential role in a therapeutic approach for ALI/ARDS.
Pten deletion in Dmp1‐expressing cells does not rescue the osteopenic effects of Wnt/β‐catenin suppression
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Eun , Hoggatt April M. , Bullock Whitney A. , Horan Daniel J. , Yokota Hiroki , Pavalko Frederick M. , Robling Alexander G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkeletal homeostasis is sensitive to perturbations in Wnt signaling. Beyond its role in the bone, Wnt is a major target for pharmaceutical inhibition in a wide range of diseases, most notably cancers. Numerous clinical trials for Wnt‐based candidates are currently underway, and Wnt inhibitors will likely soon be approved for clinical use. Given the bone‐suppressive effects accompanying Wnt inhibition, there is a need to expose alternate pathways/molecules that can be targeted to counter the deleterious effects of Wnt inhibition on bone properties. Activation of the Pi3k/Akt pathway via Pten deletion is one possible osteoanabolic pathway to exploit. We investigated whether the osteopenic effects of β‐catenin deletion from bone cells could be rescued by Pten deletion in the same cells. Mice carrying floxed alleles for Pten and β‐catenin were bred to Dmp1‐Cre mice to delete Pten alone, β‐catenin alone, or both genes from the late‐stage osteoblast/osteocyte population. The mice were assessed for bone mass, density, strength, and formation parameters to evaluate the potential rescue effect of Pten deletion in Wnt‐impaired mice. Pten deletion resulted in high bone mass and β‐catenin deletion resulted in low bone mass. Compound mutants had bone properties similar to β‐catenin mutant mice, or surprisingly in some assays, were further compromised beyond β‐catenin mutants. Pten inhibition, or one of its downstream nodes, is unlikely to protect against the bone‐wasting effects of Wnt/βcat inhibition. Other avenues for preserving bone mass in the presence of Wnt inhibition should be explored to alleviate the skeletal side effects of Wnt inhibitor‐based therapies.
Expression profile of lncRNAs and miRNAs in esophageal cancer: Implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response
Authors: Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Shoorei Hamed , Dashti Sepideh , Branicki Wojciech , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although a number of environmental and lifestyle‐related risk factors have been identified for this kind of cancer, the exact molecular mechanisms of tumor evolution have not been clarified yet. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of gene expression and chromatin configuration have essential roles in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. They have been shown to alter the function of cancer‐related signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and Wnt pathway, thus they might modulate the response of patients to pathway‐targeted therapies. Moreover, a number of lncRNAs, such as AFAP1‐AS1, UCA1, HOTAIR, LOC285194, and TUSC7, are involved in conferring chemoresistant/radioresistant in esophageal cancer cells. A complex network of interaction exists between lncRNAs and miRNAs in the context of esophageal cancer. Finally, various panels of lncRNAs and miRNAs have been introduced that can predict the survival of esophageal cancer patients. In this review article, we summarize the recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer with the special focus on their regulatory roles on signaling pathways, their potential as diagnostic/prognostic markers, and their relevance with therapeutic response.
Psychometric properties of an instrument to assess critical thinking disposition and metacognition in dental students
Authors: Anders Patrick L. , Davis Elaine L. , McCall W.D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of instruments designed to assess the critical thinking domains of disposition and metacognition in a dental student population.MethodsTwo instruments originally developed to assess disposition and metacognition domains in undergraduate student populations were administered to dental students from 3 classes in the Spring of 2019. The overall response rate was 73%. Sampling adequacy was established for both domains. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine underlying dimensions. Criterion validity was established by correlation with traditional measures of academic achievement.ResultsKaiser–Meyer–Olkin index (>0.80) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (P < 0.005) indicated sampling adequacy for both domains. Factor analysis supported a 2‐factor solution for Disposition (Level of Open Mindedness and Tolerance for Cognitive Complexity) and a 2‐factor solution for Metacognition (Metacognitive Thinking and Metacognitive Strategies). Items loading at 0.4 or higher were retained. Cronbach's alpha was above 0.8 for all but the Metacognitive Thinking subscale, which nonetheless showed adequate reliability (0.65). Reliability for Disposition and Metacognition scales was also above 0.8.ConclusionThese results indicate that the instrument has sufficient validity and reliability to support further use in dental education.