bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Resource Management–Performance Research: Is Everyone Really on the Same Page on Employee Involvement?
Authors: Wood Stephen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferences in the treatment of involvement in the human resource management (HRM)–performance research stream have been underplayed, as commentaries concentrate on showing that HRM produces a performance premium, and more recently on exploring the mechanisms explaining this. This paper first identifies the two initial concerns of the research stream – the value of employee involvement and the holistic treatment of HRM – and the way these are joined to present a unified view of the area. It then reviews the studies, confirming that involvement has been underplayed or neglected completely, and is only prioritized in a minority. A divide is identified between HRM as an orientation towards fostering employee involvement – seen as a managerial philosophy – and as a technology – a set of practices constituting high‐performance work systems. The paper then argues that acknowledgement of this divide matters, and concludes by drawing out some implications for how we should progress the research stream.
The MAIT TCRβ chain contributes to discrimination of microbial ligand
Authors: Narayanan Gitanjali A , McLaren James E , Meermeier Erin W , Ladell Kristin , Swarbrick Gwendolyn M , Price David A , Tran Jessica G , Worley Aneta H , Vogt Todd , Wong Emily B , Lewinsohn David M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are key players in the immune response against microbial infection. The MAIT T‐cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a diverse array of microbial ligands, and recent reports have highlighted the variability in the MAIT TCR that could further contribute to discrimination of ligand. The MAIT TCR complementarity determining region (CDR)3β sequence displays a high level of diversity across individuals, and clonotype usage appears to be dependent on antigenic exposure. To address the relationship between the MAIT TCR and microbial ligand, we utilized a previously defined panel of MAIT cell clones that demonstrated variability in responses against different microbial infections. Sequencing of these clones revealed four pairs, each with shared (identical) CDR3α and different CDR3β sequences. These pairs demonstrated varied responses against microbially infected dendritic cells as well as against 5‐(2‐oxopropylideneamino)‐6‐d‐ribitylaminouracil, a ligand abundant in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting that the CDR3β contributes to differences in ligand discrimination. Taken together, these results highlight a key role for the MAIT CDR3β region in distinguishing between MR1‐bound antigens and ligands.
Hydration of polyphase Ca3SiO5‐Ca3Al2O6 in the presence of gypsum and Na2SO4
Authors: Joseph Shiju , Skibsted Jørgen , Cizer Özlem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlite (Ca3SiO5: C3S*) and calcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O6: C3A) are the major phases in Portland cement, which have an essential role in the development of early age properties. The effects of gypsum content, fineness, and Na2SO4 addition on the early‐stage hydration kinetics are investigated for polyphase (co‐sintered) Ca3SiO5‐Ca3Al2O6 model systems using calorimetry, X‐ ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and solid‐state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the hydration of C3A significantly affects the hydration of C3S. The C3S and C3A hydration is hindered considerably in severely over‐sulfated systems (where C3A hydration is suppressed due to a very high gypsum content) and systems with additional Na2SO4. Although there is a considerable amount of Al incorporation in the C‐S‐H phase, no clear trends with respect to gypsum content, hydration age or Na2SO4 addition are observed for the AlIV/Si ratios of the C‐S‐H phase determined from 29Si NMR. With the addition of Na2SO4, recrystallization of ettringite from the AFm phases is postponed from 1 day to 7 days.*Cement chemistry notation: C‐CaO, S‐SiO2, A‐Al2O3, ‐SO3, N‐Na2O.
Environmental correlates of reptile variation on the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: How Richard A. , Cowan Mark A. , Teale Roy J. , Schmitt Lincoln H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the relationships between island environmental attributes, both biotic and abiotic, and three measures of reptilian variation—species assemblage, species richness and body size distributions.LocationHoutman Abrolhos archipelago, Western Australia.TaxonReptiles.MethodsNineteen islands were sampled from 2002 to 2012 using foraging and trapping. Body size (snout‐vent length) was measured on first capture. Island size varied from 0.3 to 587 ha, encompassing the three geomorphic island types, the three bathymetric groups and a range of other environmental attributes.ResultsFrom about 1,500 captures, 24 reptile species were recorded, including three previously undocumented on the archipelago, and 54 records of species not previously recorded on specific islands. Four significantly different reptile assemblage groups were identified. These were highly correlated with geomorphological composition—two groups encompassing the three large aeolianite islands; another the high rock islands and the largest composite island; and a fourth consisting of the remaining composite islands with one very small high rock island. Both assemblage and richness on islands were significantly correlated with island area, geomorphology and native plant species richness. Of the 13 species captured frequently, 11 showed statistically significant inter‐island variation in body size, and two exhibited sexual dimorphism. In three species, size was also correlated with environmental attributes, including reptile species richness, native plant richness, geomorphology and island area. Six of the eleven species captured on the two largest islands (both aeolianite) differed in size on these adjacent islands.Main ConclusionsHigh inter‐island variation in body size and assemblage composition suggest strong differential selection since the most recent isolation event at 6,500 bp. Anthropogenic disturbances over the last 150 years have resulted in several island extinctions. Species assemblage and richness are strongly associated with environmental attributes. Inter‐island body size variation in three species revealed idiosyncratic responses to environmental pressures. Results provide guidance for effective conservation and management strategies, and evidence for the extinction debts inherent in more recently fragmented mainland habitats.
Electrophysiologic evidence of epicardial connections between low right atrium and remote right atrial region or coronary sinus musculature: Relevance for catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter
Authors: Chaumont Corentin , Saoudi Nadir , Savouré Arnaud , Lațcu Decebal G. , Anselme Frédéric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronary sinus (CS) is surrounded by a myocardial coat with extensive connections to the left and right atria that contributes to the interatrial electrical connection. Whereas epicardial connections between CS musculature and the left atrium have largely been demonstrated, clinically relevant epicardial connections from the CS musculature toward the low right atrium (LRA) and epicardial connections between two regions of the right atrium remain questionable.MethodsFive patients underwent electrophysiology (EP) study for typical atrial flutter (AFl) using either conventional multipolar catheters (four patients) or three‐dimensional high‐density mapping system (one patient).ResultsAll five patients had a similar sequence of events during the EP studies. After several cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) radiofrequency (RF) applications, double potentials were recorded along the ablation line while tachycardia persisted. The right atrial activation pattern strongly suggested the presence of a complete endocardial CTI line of the block. Based on the detailed conventional atrial mapping, RF applications at the middle cardiac vein/CS ostium allowed sinus rhythm restoration in four patients. High‐density mapping showed an early breakthrough site at the septal side of the ablation line, close to the CS ostium during counterclockwise AFl, in the fifth patient. RF applications at this site resulted in tachycardia termination.ConclusionOur observations suggested the existence of epicardial fibers connecting the LRA with either the CS musculature or a remote right atrial region. When AFl ablation fails whereas evidence for the local endocardial block is observed, the operators should integrate this finding in the diagnosis and ablation strategy.
Large‐scale transcriptome profiles reveal robust 20‐signatures metabolic prediction models and novel role of G6PC in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wen‐Hao , Xu Yue , Tian Xi , Anwaier Aihetaimujiang , Liu Wang‐Rui , Wang Jun , Zhu Wen‐Kai , Cao Da‐Long , Wang Hong‐Kai , Shi Guo‐Hai , Qu Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and highly malignant pathological type of kidney cancer. We sought to establish a metabolic signature to improve post‐operative risk stratification and identify novel targets in the prediction models for ccRCC patients. A total of 58 metabolic differential expressed genes (MDEGs) were identified with significant prognostic value. LASSO regression analysis constructed 20‐mRNA signatures models, metabolic prediction models (MPMs), in ccRCC patients from two cohorts. Risk score of MPMs significantly predicts prognosis for ccRCC patients in TCGA (P < 0.001, HR = 3.131, AUC = 0.768) and CPTAC cohorts (P = 0.046, HR = 2.893, AUC = 0.777). In addition, G6PC, a hub gene in PPI network of MPMs, shows significantly prognostic value in 718 ccRCC patients from multiply cohorts. Next, G6Pase was detected high expressed in normal kidney tissues than ccRCC tissues. It suggested that low G6Pase expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001, HR = 0.316) and aggressive progression (P < 0.0001, HR = 0.414) in 322 ccRCC patients from FUSCC cohort. Meanwhile, promoter methylation level of G6PC was significantly higher in ccRCC samples with aggressive progression status. G6PC significantly participates in abnormal immune infiltration of ccRCC microenvironment, showing significantly negative association with check‐point immune signatures, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, etc. In conclusion, this study first provided the opportunity to comprehensively elucidate the prognostic MDEGs landscape, established novel prognostic model MPMs using large‐scale ccRCC transcriptome data and identified G6PC as potential prognostic target in 1,040 ccRCC patients from multiply cohorts. These finding could assist in managing risk assessment and shed valuable insights into treatment strategies of ccRCC.
Effect of the FreeStyle Libre™ flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with basal–bolus insulin therapy: An open label, prospective, multicenter trial in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Wataru , Hirota Yushi , Osonoi Takeshi , Tosaki Takahiro , Kato Yoshiro , Utsunomiya Kazunori , Nishimura Rimei , Nakamura Jiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the effect of FreeStyle LibreTM on glycemic control in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients treated with basal–bolus insulin therapy.Materials and MethodsThis prospective, 90‐day single‐arm study enrolled 94 adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. A 14‐day masked baseline phase was followed by an 11‐week treatment phase during which participants used the device to monitor glucose levels. The primary end‐point was time spent in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) for baseline versus study end (days 76–90). Secondary end‐points included other measures of glycemic control, along with patient satisfaction using the Japanese Diabetes Treatment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.ResultsTime spent in hypoglycemia was low at baseline (0.51 ± 0.93 h/day) and did not significantly decrease at study end (0.47 ± 0.63 h/day, P = 0.6354). Time in range, time in hyperglycemia and estimated A1c all improved versus baseline (by +1.7 ± 3.0 h/day, −1.6 ± .4 h/day and −0.4 ± 0.8%, respectively, P < 0.0001 in each). Finger stick tests fell from 2.9 ± 1.3 to 1.9 ± 1.4/day, and mean scanning frequency during the intervention phase was 11.3/day. The mean treatment satisfaction score increased by 11.8 ± 5.3 (P < 0.0001). Two severe hypoglycemia‐related adverse events were reported; one of which was possibly related to the device. Three participants reported mild device‐related skin trauma, site discomfort or subcutaneous bleeding.ConclusionsUse of FreeStyle Libre by Japanese type 2 patients diabetes treated with basal–bolus insulin therapy showed a low baseline of hypoglycemia, and enabled improved glycemic control and treatment satisfaction.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors represent a paradigm shift in the prevention of heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Kashiwagi Atsunori , Araki Shinchi , Maegawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent major clinical trials of the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that they reduce three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and a composite renal outcome. These beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are also evident in type 2 diabetes patients with a previous history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or advanced renal disease. HF is a major determinant of the prognosis of diabetes patients. Although HF with low ejection fraction can be effectively treated with antihypertensive drugs, these treatments do not reduce mortality in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is clinically characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, perivascular fibrosis and stiffness of cardiomyocytes, defined as “cardiomyopathy”. Therefore, HFpEF is considered to be an entirely separate entity to HF with low ejection fraction. Recent studies have suggested that HFpEF might be treatable using SGLT2 inhibitors, which ameliorate visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, volume overload, hypertension and cardiac inflammation. In the final part of the present review, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients with HFpEF. These involve amelioration of the low nitric oxide production and oxidative stress, a reduction in cardiac inflammatory cytokine signaling, inhibition of Ca2+ overload, and an improvement in cardiac energy metabolism as a result of ketone body production. Investigations of the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes, including hospitalization for HF, are now being carried out in preclinical and clinical studies.
Hospital performance standards and medical pricing: The impact of information disclosure in cardiac care
Authors: Dor Avi , Encinosa William , Carey Kathleen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA policy concern is that the initiation of Hospital Compare (HC) reporting in Medicare provided leverage to insurers in price negotiations for lowering private sector prices without regard to hospital performance. Using the sequential Nash bargaining framework we provide economic intuition to the contrary: while average hospital prices decline under quality disclosures, hospitals with above‐average quality are able to exert a stronger bargaining position, consequently capturing prices above the market rate. To explore this issue empirically we estimate variants of difference‐in‐difference models, examining the effects of the three main scores (heart attack, heart failure, and combined mortalities) on transaction prices of related hospital procedures. States which had similar mandated reporting systems in place before the initiation of HC form the control group. Analyzing claims data of privately insured patients, we find that HC exerted downward pressure on prices. However, hospitals rated “above‐average” captured higher prices, thereby offsetting the overall policy effect fully or partially. Leads and lags analysis lends further support for our difference‐in‐difference approach. We find that highly ranked hospitals received a quality premium of 8–14%, comparable to price effects found in other health care markets. We conclude that HC was effective at constraining prices without penalizing high performers.
Effect of cement color and tooth‐shaded background on the final color of lithium disilicate and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramics: An in vitro study
Authors: Yildirim Bengisu , Recen Duygu , Tekeli Simsek Aysıla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the translucency and effects of different cement colors on the final shade of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (ZLS) over an A1 and A3 tooth‐shaded background.Materials and MethodsEighty‐eight rectangular‐shaped specimens were sliced from LDS and ZLS blocks. The final thickness of the specimens was set at 0.8 ± 0.01 mm. Spectrophotometric measurements for the translucency were taken against black and white backgrounds. Composite resin tooth‐shaded background disks were fabricated in two shades (A1 and A3), as were resin cement disks (opaque and translucent) (n = 11). Next, the ceramic specimens and tooth‐shaded backgrounds were connected with glycerin, and baseline measurements were taken. These measurements were used as a reference. Then, the ceramic specimens, cement specimens, and tooth‐shaded backgrounds were connected together with glycerin, and a second set of measurements was taken. The CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color formula was used to calculate the translucency and color differences. A Mann‐Whitney U test was also performed for the translucency, and a three‐way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was performed for the ΔE00 values (α = .05).ResultsThe LDS and ZLS groups had similar translucency (P = .055). The ΔE00 values of the specimens were significantly affected by the cement color and tooth‐shaded backgrounds in the LDS and ZLS groups (P < .05). Using the opaque cement color resulted in statistically significant differences against the light and dark (A1 and A3) tooth‐shaded backgrounds in both the LDS and ZLS groups (P = .022 and P = .006).ConclusionsThe material type did not affect the translucency or final color. However, the cement color did affect the final shade when thin ceramic restorations were used.Clinical SignificanceIt should be noted that the cement color and tooth‐shaded background used may change the final color of thin high translucency ceramic restorations that contain lithium disilicate and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate.
Lower household income is associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Brahmania Mayur , Wiskar Katie , Walley Keith R , Celi Leo A , Rush Barret 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe impact of household income, a surrogate of socioeconomic status, on hospital readmission rates for patients with decompensated cirrhosis has not been well characterized.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmission Database from 2012 to 2014 was used to study the association of lower median household income on 30‐, 90‐, and 180‐day hospital readmission rates for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.ResultsFrom the 42 679 001 hospital admissions contained in the sample, there were 82 598 patients with decompensated cirrhosis who survived a hospital admission in the first 6 months of the year. During a uniform 6‐month follow‐up period, 25 914 (31.4%), 39 928 (48.3%), and 47 496 (57.5%) patients were readmitted at 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively. After controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, patients residing in the three lowest income quartiles were significantly more likely to be readmitted at 30 days than those in the fourth quartile (first quartile, odds ratio [OR] 1.32 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.17–1.47, P < 0.01]; second quartile, OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.13–1.38, P < 0.01]; and third quartile, OR 1.08 [95% CI 0.97–1.20, P = 0.07]). The association between lower socioeconomic status and the higher risk of readmissions persisted at 90 days (first quartile, OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.14–1.30, P < 0.01]) and 180 days (first quartile, OR 1.32 [95% CI 1.20–1.44, P < 0.01]).ConclusionPatients with decompensated cirrhosis residing in the lowest income quartile had a 32% higher odds of hospital readmissions at 30, 90, and 180 days compared with those in the highest income quartile.
Morphological plasticity of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurones in the rat during the oestrous cycle and lactation
Authors: Yip Siew Hoong , Araujo‐Lopes Roberta , Szawka Raphael E. , York Jade , Hyland Brian , Grattan David R. , Bunn Stephen J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones are critical with respect to regulating prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary. Under most physiological conditions, they are stimulated by prolactin to release dopamine into the median eminence which subsequently suppresses further prolactin secretion from the lactotrophs. During lactation, the TIDA neurones are known to undergo both electrophysiological and neurochemical changes that alleviate this negative‐feedback, thus allowing circulating prolactin levels to rise. The present study aimed to determine whether TIDA neurone morphology, most notably spine density, is also modified during lactation. This was achieved by stereotaxically injecting the arcuate nucleus of female, tyrosine hydroxylase‐promoter driven Cre‐recombinase transgenic rats with Cre‐dependent adeno‐associated virus‐expressing Brainbow. This resulted in the highly specifici transfection of between 10% and 30% of the TIDA neurones, thus allowing the morphologies on multiple individual neurones to be examined in a single hypothalamic slice. The transfected neurones exhibited a range of complex forms, including a diversity of soma and location of axonal origin. Neuronal spine counting showed that the density of somatic, but not dendritic, spines was significantly higher during lactation than at any other reproductive stage. There was also a significant fall in somatic spine density across the oestrous cycle from dioestrus to oestrus. Although the functional characteristics of the additional somatic spines have not been determined, if, as might be expected, they represent an increased excitatory input to the TIDA neurones, this could have important physiological implications by perhaps supporting altered neurotransmitter release at their neuroendocrine terminals. Enhanced excitatory input may, for example, favour the release of the opioid peptide enkephalin rather than dopamine, which is potentially significant because the expression of the peptide is known to increase in the TIDA neurones during lactation and, in contrast to dopamine, it stimulates rather than inhibits prolactin secretion from the pituitary.