bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer thermal comfort conditions in shopping arcades and their adjoining streets in hot and dry climates. The case of the Nicosia’s historic centre.
Authors: Malaktou E , Philokyprou M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Twentieth century urban planning policies systematically neglected the bioclimatic parameter in the conception and realisation of open and semi-open spaces. The negative effects of such practices relate, but are not limited, to the increasing duration and intensity of thermal discomfort in the public and semi-public realm. Considering the significance of improved microclimate, this research focuses on the summer thermal comfort conditions of three shopping arcades. The study is undertaken in the context of a research on semi-open spaces as a means of excessive discomfort moderation. The adjoining streets, were examined to compare the thermal performance of arcades with other urban typologies. The research is carried out in the historic centre of Nicosia which experiences an intense Mediterranean climate. On-site environmental monitoring has allowed a detailed thermal comfort analysis, using the PET thermal index scale which is applicable to warm climates. Compared to open streets, shopping arcades were found able to mitigate extreme thermal comfort conditions, although they remained above acceptable thermal comfort limits for most of the monitoring time. Arcades are associated with less intense heat stress levels which give evidence to their thermal advantages over completely exposed open streets and highlight their bioclimatic potential in the Mediterranean climate. Arcades may thus be re-considered and re-introduced as beneficial microclimate control elements in sustainable urban planning agendas.
Light Beyond Vision: Implications for Human-centric Lighting Design in Tropical Nursing homes
Authors: Chien S-C , Chien S-M , Lau E , Lin P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For the elderly people, adequate environment to compensate for increasing frailty and sensory loss are crucial. Normal age-related changes to the eye decrease the amount of light reaching the retina impacting both vision and circadian rhythm. Some attempts have been made recently to conduct tunable white lighting and vary lighting levels and Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) for health and wellness. However, how to translate such Human-centric Lighting (HCL) concepts proven in laboratory studies into built environments are still in early stage and lack of largely proven practices and strategies on an operational level. This research project aimed to explore HCL design strategies in nursing homes in Singapore. Firstly, state of the art HCL and aging studies were discussed. We then captured the views to illustrate a HCL framework in a tropical context, whereby the quantitative and qualitative approaches were considered. The preliminary design strategies were developed based on this framework and exemplified in a selected nursing home in Singapore. Also, pre-/post implementation user surveys together with quantitative evaluations (involving horizontal and corneal illuminance measurements) were conducted for assessing the performance of the HCL design strategies. These pilot study findings provide initial insight into HCL design-related knowledge and serve as the solid basis towards the HCL best practices in the environment of nursing home in Singapore.
Performance assessment of an active sunlight redirection system in areas with different climate: A comparison
Authors: Kontadakis Antonis , Doulos Lambros , Mantzourani Aikaterini , Tsangrassoulis Aris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess the impacts, both in terms of daylight efficiency and energy impacts, of an advanced daylighting system that utilizes a heliostatic configuration for sunlight redirection in a deep South oriented office room in two (2) different climate conditions. Conventional daylighting systems such as windows, and clerestories placed on building facades, for a variety of reasons, have been proven ineffective in solving the problem of deep interior daylighting. This effect even with the use of modern daylighting techniques can effectively maintain the required illuminances. In such cases, systems that are designed to take advantage both the direct and diffuse natural light while maintaining and improving occupant visual comfort, particularly at greater distances from the external walls can provide higher work-plane illuminance levels deeper into the space. The results summarized here demonstrate that, if selected according to daylight climate and integrated appropriately with electric lighting controls, the system can enhance daylight in building interiors and thereby promote energy savings. It should be noted, however, that the performance of these systems is dependent on daylight availability. Nonetheless, the information presented in this paper demonstrates the potential benefits and shortcomings from the use of sunlighting technologies in different climate zones.
Solid particle erosion resistance and electromagnetic shielding performance of carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites
Authors: Fang Mei , Ma Yuji , Zhang Na , Huang Ming , Lu Bo , Tan Kunlun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thermoplastic polycarbonate (PC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its superior recyclability and environmental friendliness compared with thermosetting resins. In this work, thermoplastic polycarbonate was used as the matrix material and the solid particle erosion resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC) composites, as well as the influence of solid particle erosion on the mechanical properties of composites were studied systematically. The results indicated that the maximum erosion angle for CF/PC is 30°, and samples are easier to be eroded when impacted in parallel direction to CF than the vertical. In addition, after 2 min solid particle erosion, the tensile strength and the maximum load decreased by 11.9% and 11.8% respectively, and flexural properties of all samples declined (flexural modulus by 49%, flexural strength and maximum load by 14.6%, flexural strain by 11.9%). Finally, an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of around 40 dB over 12 GHz to 18 GHz was achieved for composites. Due to the destruction of CF/PC composite structure and the reduction of its thickness, its EMI shielding effectiveness was greatly decreased to 28 dB after sand erosion.
Monogamy of correlations and entropy inequalities in the Bloch picture
Authors: Appel Paul , Huber Marcus , Klöckl Claude 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigate monogamy of correlations and entropy inequalities in the Bloch representation. Here, both can be understood as direct relations between different correlation tensor elements and thus appear intimately related. To that end we introduce the split Bloch basis, that is particularly useful for representing quantum states with low dimensional support and thus amenable to purification arguments. Furthermore, we find dimension dependent entropy inequalities for the Tsallis 2-entropy. In particular, we present an analogue of the strong subadditivity and a quadratic entropy inequality. These relations are shown to be stronger than subadditivity for finite dimensional cases.
Blood pressure in frail older adults: associations with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality
Authors: Masoli Jane A H , Delgado Joao , Pilling Luke , Strain David , Melzer David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Blood pressure (BP) management in frail older people is challenging. An randomised controlled trial of largely non-frail older people found cardiovascular and mortality benefit with systolic (S) BP target &lt;120 mmHg. However, all-cause mortality by attained BP in routine care in frail adults aged above 75 is unclear.

Objectives
To estimate observational associations between baseline BP and mortality/cardiovascular outcomes in a primary-care population aged above 75, stratified by frailty.

Methods
Prospective observational analysis using electronic health records (clinical practice research datalink, n = 415,980). We tested BP associations with cardiovascular events and mortality using competing and Cox proportional-hazards models respectively (follow-up ≤10 years), stratified by baseline electronic frailty index (eFI: fit (non-frail), mild, moderate, severe frailty), with sensitivity analyses on co-morbidity, cardiovascular risk and BP trajectory.

Results
Risks of cardiovascular outcomes increased with SBPs &gt;150 mmHg. Associations with mortality varied between non-frail &lt;85 and frail 75–84-year-olds and all above 85 years. SBPs above the 130–139-mmHg reference were associated with lower mortality risk, particularly in moderate to severe frailty or above 85 years (e.g. 75–84 years: 150–159 mmHg Hazard Ratio (HR) mortality compared to 130–139: non-frail HR = 0.94, 0.92–0.97; moderate/severe frailty HR = 0.84, 0.77–0.92). SBP &lt;130 mmHg and Diastolic(D)BP &lt;80 mmHg were consistently associated with excess mortality, independent of BP trajectory toward the end of life.

Conclusions
In representative primary-care patients aged ≥75, BP &lt;130/80 was associated with excess mortality. Hypertension was not associated with increased mortality at ages above 85 or at ages 75–84 with moderate/severe frailty, perhaps due to complexities of co-existing morbidities. The priority given to aggressive BP reduction in frail older people requires further evaluation.
Effects of Evaluative Conditioning on Implicit Evaluation of Alcohol and Drinking Behaviors: A Direct Replication
Authors: Tello Nina , Jaafari Nematollah , Chatard Armand 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsRecent research suggests that evaluative conditioning (EC) can change implicit evaluations of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students (Houben et al., 2010a). This research has been conceptually replicated in two previous studies. To date, however, no direct and independent replication of the original study has been performed. In this paper, we report a high-powered direct replication of Houben et al.’s (2010a) study.MethodAbout 168 French college students took part in this preregistered study. Drinking behavior was assessed before and 2 weeks after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 120 trials of words related to alcoholic beverages or soft drinks paired with neutral, positive or negative pictures. The two conditions were factually equivalent and differed only in the repeated pairing between alcohol-related words and negative pictures; in the EC condition, but not in the control condition, alcohol-related words were systematically paired with negative pictures.ResultsEC did not change participants’ implicit evaluations of alcohol and drinking behaviors. However, EC reduced drinking behaviors among hazardous drinkers. Yet, further non-preregistered Bayesian analysis did not provide much support for this hypothesis.ConclusionThis high-powered preregistered direct replication of Houben et al.’s (2010a) study suggests that the original effects are more fragile than initially thought. The effect of EC on drinking behaviors may be restricted to heavy drinkers, and we found no evidence that this effect is mediated by a change in implicit attitudes. It is necessary to perform further studies to test the original effects in clinical populations.
Effects of Cocaine Exposure on Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters and Relapse-Like Ethanol-Drinking Behavior in Male Alcohol-Preferring Rats
Authors: Hammad Alaa M , Sari Youssef 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aim
Glutamate has been considered as neurotransmitter that is critical in triggering relapse to drugs of abuse, including ethanol and cocaine. Extracellular glutamate concentrations are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including reuptake through glutamate transporters. Glutamate transporter type 1 (GLT-1) is responsible for clearing the majority of extracellular glutamate. The astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) regulates also glutamate homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of cocaine exposure and ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SUL), a β-lactam antibiotic known to upregulate GLT-1 and xCT, on relapse-like ethanol intake and the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters in mesocorticolimbic brain regions.

Methods
Male alcohol-preferring (P) rats had free access to ethanol for 5 weeks. On Week 6, rats were exposed to either cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 12 consecutive days. Ethanol bottles were then removed for 7 days; during the last 5 days, either AMP/SUL (100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline was administered to the P rats. Ethanol bottles were reintroduced, and ethanol intake was measured for 4 days.

Results
Cocaine exposure induced an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), which was associated in part by a decrease in the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. AMP/SUL (100 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the ADE, while AMP/SUL (200 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced ethanol intake during 4 days of ethanol re-exposure and upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc core, NAc shell and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC).

Conclusion
This study suggests that these astrocytic glutamate transporters might be considered as potential targets for the treatment of polysubstance abuse.
Pollen on stigmas as proxies of pollinator competition and facilitation: complexities, caveats and future directions
Authors: Ashman Tia-Lynn , Alonso Conchita , Parra-Tabla Victor , Arceo-Gómez Gerardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Pollen transfer via animals is necessary for reproduction by ~80 % of flowering plants, and most of these plants live in multispecies communities where they can share pollinators. While diffuse plant–pollinator interactions are increasingly recognized as the rule rather than the exception, their fitness consequences cannot be deduced from flower visitation alone, so other proxies, functionally closer to seed production and amenable for use in a broad variety of diverse communities, are necessary.

Scope
We conceptually summarize how the study of pollen on stigmas of spent flowers can reflect key drivers and functional aspects of the plant–pollinator interaction (e.g. competition, facilitation or commensalism). We critically evaluate how variable visitation rates and other factors (pollinator pool and floral avoidance) can give rise to different relationships between heterospecific pollen and (1) conspecific pollen on the stigma and (2) conspecific tubes/grain in the style, revealing the complexity of potential interpretations. We advise on best practices for using these proxies, noting the assumptions and caveats involved in their use, and explicate what additional data are required to verify interpretation of given patterns.

Conclusions
We conclude that characterizing pollen on stigmas of spent flowers provides an attainable indirect measure of pollination interactions, but given the complex processes of pollen transfer that generate patterns of conspecific–heterospecific pollen on stigmas these cannot alone determine whether competition or facilitation are the underlying drivers. Thus, functional tests are also needed to validate these hypotheses.
The Family Relationships of Older Australians at Risk of Homelessness
Authors: Petersen Maree , Parsell Cameron 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article explores the links between older people’s homelessness and family relationships and aims to inform social work practice frameworks. Whilst breakdown in family relationships is widely recognised as linked to being at risk of homelessness, there is less understanding of the interplay of family, both positive and negative, with older people’s homelessness. Drawing on a study incorporating data mining of service records, this article aims to provide clarity on supportive and troubled family relationships and their links to housing crises as experienced by older Australians. The findings highlight a number of domains for social work practice including undertaking skilled assessments to understand the strengths and constraints experienced by families. Assessments will then inform intervention to support and provide resources to some families to prevent their older family members’ homelessness and to intervene in both a preventative and empowering way to address elder abuse. The implications for policy, in particular, the need for sectors of housing, aged care and health to intersect, are discussed.
Concurrent Thalamostriatal and Corticostriatal Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity and Heterosynaptic Interactions Shape Striatal Plasticity Map
Authors: Mendes Alexandre , Vignoud Gaetan , Perez Sylvie , Perrin Elodie , Touboul Jonathan , Venance Laurent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The striatum integrates inputs from the cortex and thalamus, which display concomitant or sequential activity. The striatum assists in forming memory, with acquisition of the behavioral repertoire being associated with corticostriatal (CS) plasticity. The literature has mainly focused on that CS plasticity, and little remains known about thalamostriatal (TS) plasticity rules or CS and TS plasticity interactions. We undertook here the study of these plasticity rules. We found bidirectional Hebbian and anti-Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at the thalamic and cortical inputs, respectively, which were driving concurrent changes at the striatal synapses. Moreover, TS- and CS-STDP induced heterosynaptic plasticity. We developed a calcium-based mathematical model of the coupled TS and CS plasticity, and simulations predict complex changes in the CS and TS plasticity maps depending on the precise cortex–thalamus–striatum engram. These predictions were experimentally validated using triplet-based STDP stimulations, which revealed the significant remodeling of the CS-STDP map upon TS activity, which is notably the induction of the LTD areas in the CS-STDP for specific timing regimes. TS-STDP exerts a greater influence on CS plasticity than CS-STDP on TS plasticity. These findings highlight the major impact of precise timing in cortical and thalamic activity for the memory engram of striatal synapses.
Age-Specific Incidence of Influenza A Responds to Change in Virus Subtype Dominance
Authors: Gagnon Alain , Acosta Enrique , Miller Matthew S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
When H3N2 replaced H1N1 as the dominant influenza A subtype during the 2018–2019 season, the pattern of age-specific incidence shifted due to the lingering effects of antigenic imprinting. The characteristic shape that imprinting leaves on influenza susceptibility could foster important advances in understanding and predicting the epidemiology of influenza.
No automation please, we’re British: technology and the prospects for work
Authors: Spencer David , Slater Gary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article assesses the impact and probably limits of automation. It looks, in particular, at the case of the UK economy. The prospects for automation are seen as necessarily uncertain and potentially regressive in their effects, with technology likely to sustain a large number of low-quality jobs. The deep-seated problems of the UK economy—low-investment, low-productivity and low-real wages—are seen as key impediments to forms of automation that work for all in society. It is argued that, without wider institutional reform, the UK will be unable to reap the full potential of automation.
Arsenic Metabolites in Human Urine after Ingestion of an Arsenosugar
Authors: Francesconi Kevin A , Tanggaar René , McKenzie Christine J , Goessler Walter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Arsenic-containing carbohydrates (arsenosugars) are common constituents of marine algae, including those species used as human food. The toxicology of these compounds has not been fully evaluated.
Methods: Arsenic metabolites in human urine were monitored over a 4-day period after ingestion of a synthetic specimen of arsenosugar. The metabolites were determined by HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and structural assignments were confirmed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Results: Approximately 80% of the total ingested arsenic was excreted in the urine during the 4 days of the experiment. There was a lag-period of ∼13 h before substantial quantities of arsenic appeared in the urine, and the excretion rate peaked between 22 and 31 h. At least 12 arsenic metabolites were detected, only 3 of which could be positively identified. Dimethylarsinate (DMA) was the major metabolite, constituting 67% of the total arsenicals excreted. A new urinary arsenic metabolite, dimethylarsinoylethanol, represented 5% of the total arsenicals, whereas trimethylarsine oxide was present as a trace (0.5%) constituent. One other significant metabolite cochromatographed with a reduced DMA standard, and hence was possibly dimethylarsinous acid. The second most abundant metabolite in the urine (20% of the total arsenic) remained unidentified, whereas the rest of the excreted arsenic was made up of several trace metabolites and small amounts of unchanged arsenosugar.
Conclusions: Arsenosugars are biotransformed by humans to at least 12 arsenic metabolites, the toxicologies of which are currently unknown.
Boosted Decision Tree Analysis of Surface-enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectral Serum Profiles Discriminates Prostate Cancer from Noncancer Patients
Authors: Qu Yinsheng , Adam Bao-Ling , Yasui Yutaka , Ward Michael D , Cazares Lisa H , Schellhammer Paul F , Feng Ziding , Semmes O John , Wright George L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: The low specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test makes it a poor biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer (PCA). Because single biomarkers most likely will not be found that are expressed by all genetic forms of PCA, we evaluated and developed a proteomic approach for the simultaneous detection and analysis of multiple proteins for the differentiation of PCA from noncancer patients.Methods: Serum samples from 386 men [197 with PCA, 92 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 96 healthy individuals], randomly divided into training (n = 326) and test (n = 60) sets, were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. The 124 peaks detected by computer analyses were analyzed in the training set by a boosting tree algorithm to develop a classifier for separating PCA from the noncancer groups. The classifier was then challenged with the test set (30 PCA samples, 15 BPH samples, 15 samples from healthy men) to determine the validity and accuracy of the classification system.Results: Two classifiers were developed. The AdaBoost classifier completely separated the PCA from the noncancer samples, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity. The second classifier, the Boosted Decision Stump Feature Selection classifier, was easier to interpret and used only 21 (compared with 74) peaks and a combination of 21 (vs 500) base classifiers to achieve a sensitivity and specificity of 97% for the test set.Conclusions: The high sensitivity and specificity achieved in this study provides support of the potential for SELDI, coupled with a bioinformatics learning algorithm, to improve the early detection/diagnosis of PCA.