bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grand Duchy of Lithuania: institutional transplantation experience
Authors: Barakhvostov P. A. 
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the evolution of the institutional matrix of the GDL and establishes two stages in it. The first (pre­federative) is characterized by institutional diffusion, from the Kingdom of Poland in the first place, whereas the second is linked with the formation of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania. It is shown that, as the formed federation united societies with distinct types of dominating institutions, institutional transplantation occurred from the more economically developed country to the other. Such integration leads not only to positive implications but also to the mutation of the transplanted institutions (strengthening of serfdom during the transition to the more progressive folwark agriculture). Transfer of the Western European system of fideicommissum inheritance turned out to be an institutional pitfall since the indivisible manors – ordynacii – presented a case of a state within a state, with their owners relying on the redistributive institutions at the microlevel (within their estates) and pursuing the market institutions at the macrolevel (within the country as a whole) in order to cement their economic position.Peculiarities of the political sphere conditioned the transformation of the socio­cultural subsystem of the GDL’s institutional matrix. Roman Catholicism expanded rapidly, undermining the religious tolerance that the Grand Duchy had hitherto been known for. The elements of subsidiary ideology, coming from Poland, were understood as giving exceptional rights only to the szlachta stratum; acquisition of the golden liberties was equated with conversion to Catholicism and the use of the Polish language.The consequences of these policies were the following: Polonization and mass conversion to Catholicism among the propertied classes; widespread resentment among the worse­off, morphing into popular uprisings in the XVII century; alignment of property, confession, and language groups in the society, which moved the social inequality issue into the ethnic dimension and contributed to interethnic strife in the lands of the former GDL in the centuries to come.The absence of efficient governmental management of institutional transplantation caused an institutional crisis, which, with the political elites being disunited, was the reason for the entire social system to disintegrate.
Aspects of nonlinearity in music of the second half of the XX century
Authors: Mdivani T. G. 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to give a preliminary idea of the non­linear music expressing the post­non­classical concept of the world. Novelty: for the first time: 1) the novelty of the composer’s thinking of the representatives of the Second Musical vanguard is explained from the standpoint of non­linearity and self­organization; 2) the author’s definition of nonlinear musical reality is given, where three forms of representation are distinguished: local, total, and biand polyfurcation; synergistic methodological tools, including terminology, are applied to musical subjectivity, which allowed us to define a new essence and new quality of musical and artistic compositions. The most important side of nonlinear music is the improvisational beginning, where the integrity of the whole is achieved through the inevitable emergence of a certain uniformity of material and the coherence of the elements on the basis of the self­organizing force of creative and performing will. By the example of J. Cage’s “Etudes Australes”, a structural feature is considered, which consists in its openness, atemporality and “dispersion” of sound tissue in timeless space, that is, the structure of etudes is dissipative) non­linear) in essence. Models of non­linear music systems encompass genre forms that define actionism – happening, performance, as well as collage and intertextuality techniques. Together, they demonstrate compositions with a “completely relaxed form” (I. Dobritsyna).Thus, non­linear music is a specific musical text, or “modern … opus perfectum et absolutum” (according to M. Katunyan), dominated by casual processuality and structural openness, focus and self­organization, the principle of uncertainty and discrete metaphysics, which corresponds to the post­non­classical concept of the world and mental the specifics of the modern era. Non­linearity characteristics include the multiplicity of semantic, lexical, and structural representations of the material (for example, form aleatorics) and loose text (for example, graphic music), the approximation of elements and means of expression (musical and extra­musical), “deterministic chaos” (according to J. Gleick) and emergence of changes in the process of formation of musical matter, self­structuring based on temporary and anthropogenic factors.
Frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting At Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Muhammad Anwar , Ali Muhammad Asghar , Hammad Ali 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From January 2018 to August 2018. Material & Methods: Total 467 neonates either male or female were selected for this study. Total 467 neonates with complaints of crying and fussing either male or female were selected for this study and infantile colic was assessed in selected neonates by using Wessel criteria. Results: Total 467 neonates were selected for this study. Mean age of the neonates was 24.94 ± 2.39 months, mean gestational age and mean weight was 39.42 ± 1.22 weeks and 3.27 ± 0.62g respectively. Infantile colic was found in 322 (69%) neonates. Infantile colic was found in 61 (33.33%) neonates, 136 (94.44%) neonates, 75 (87.21%) neonates and 50 (92.59%) neonates respectively. Statistically significant association between infantile colic and type of feeding with p value 0.000. Infantile colic was found in 147 (84.97%), 95 (67.86), 62 (49.21%) and 18 (64.29%) neonates respectively in 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks and 40 weeks gestational age group. Statistically insignificant association between infantile colic and gestational age was noted with p value 0.000. Conclusion: Results of present study showed higher rate of colic in infants. Development of colic was highly associated with gestational age, birth weight and type of feeding. There is no effective medical treatment (like anti-colic and herbal drugs) but alternative measures may relieve or prevent further colic attacks.
New State Records and Habitat Characteristics for Kloosia Kruseman (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Wadeable Streams in Missouri
Authors: Mabee William R. , Bergthold Brandy S. , Wakefield Carl K. , Combes Matthew D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
First records of occurrence of the midge genus Kloosia Kruseman in Missouri are reported based upon aquatic macroinvertebrate community samples collected during April 2012 and October 2015 from reaches of Grindstone Creek in Dekalb County and South Blackbird Creek in Schuyler County in the Central Dissected Till Plains. Select physical and water quality characteristics from the reaches are also provided.
Home Visit: Strategi PAUD dari Rumah bagi Guru di Daerah 3T pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nirmala Besse , Annuar Haerul 
Published: November 2020

Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah menduduki urutan ketiga yang memiliki daerah 3T terbanyak se-Indonesia. Fasilitas penunjang proses pembelajaran dari rumah di masa pandemi covid-19 menjadi keterbatasan bagi guru 3T. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis strategi home visit yang dilakukan oleh guru sebagai implementasi PAUD dari rumah di daerah 3T pada masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix method yaitu menggabungkan antara penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel terdiri dari 235 orang guru TK, KB, dan SPS yang ada di Kabupaten Sigi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket. Peneliti juga menggunakan daftar wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai data pendukung. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan Miles Hubberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sekitar 84,3% guru mengimplementasikan strategi home visit sebagai pembelajaran pada masa pandemi. Adapun tahapannya yakni: 1) tahap persiapan; 2) tahap pelaksanaan; 3) tahap kegiatan lanjutan; dan 4) tahap monitoring dan evaluasi. Strategi home visit ini menjadi solusi bagi guru PAUD dengan segala keterbatasan agar tetap memberikan layanan yang terbaik untuk anak usia dini di daerah 3T.
Safety and Procedural Success of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Adults at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Chandra Mani , Bogati Amrit , Acharya Kiran Prasad , Shrestha Manish , Shakya Urmila , Malla Rabi 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using either coils or device is a well-established procedure. PDA is one of the common congenital heart diseases and it is not uncommon for it to be diagnosed in adulthood. However, only few studies are conducted in our part of the world regarding the safety and procedural success of device closure of PDA in adults. We aim to assess safety and procedural success of transcatheter closure of PDA in adults at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: It was a single center, retrospective study. Cardiac catheterization laboratory records of all consecutive adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent PDA device closure between March 2007 to March 2020 were reviewed. Patients age, gender, device size and device type along with procedural success of the procedure were reviewed. Any complication recorded was reviewed.
Results: During the study period 118 adult patients were attempted for transcatheter closure of PDA. In three cases transcatheter closure was not attempted. In one patients attempt was made to close the duct with cook coil which embolized to pulmonary artery. PDA was successfully closed in 114 patients. Among the 114 patients, 87 were females and 27 were male. Age ranged from 18 to 69 years with mean age was 29.5 years. PDA size ranged from 3mm to 18mm with the mean of 6.9mm. In two patients, residual PDA after surgical closure were closed. Amplatzer duct occluder was the most commonly used device used in 89 (78%) patients followed by Memopart PDA device in 11 (9.6%) patients, Amplatzer Muscular VSD occluder in four patients. Device size of “8x10” in 32 patients and “10x12” device in 29 patients, were the most commonly used device size.
Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of PDA in adults can safely be done with high success rate.
Czar rewii. Nowoczesne oblicze teatru robotniczego Erwina Piscatora
Authors: Wąsik-Linder Monika 
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of political revue, which in the 1920s became a form of political propaganda in Germany. Erwin Piscator’s revue RRR described here is a good example of its agitprop success. Piscator used the revue (which had been associated with bourgeois entertainment until then) for revolutionary goals, appreciating its form primarily for its huge staging potential. The open form of the revue enabled him to combine different genres and contrasting threads, and exploited the new technologies of the time, including the new media (film, photography, radio). Another interesting point is that for Piscator the revue was the future of modern theatre – not only agitprop theatre, but theatre in general.
Doczekać się bezimienności. Broniewski chórem lub na głosy
Authors: Tramer Maciej 
Published: November 2020

The article To live to see namelessness. Broniewski chorally or for part-singing is devoted to the project by the Gallery Raster entitled Broniewski. The event took place in Warsaw in November and December 2005. The organizers of the exhibition succeeded in persuading artists connected with independent art and stage to participate in the project. Although the project of the Gallery Raster is entitled and described using the name of only one poet, the event had a communal character. According to the author of the article To live to see namelessness…, this character is one of the main determinants of Władysław Broniewski as a person and of the phenomenon of his poetry.
Willingness to pay of the native chicken eggs in urban supermarket: evidence from Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Desy , Roessali Wiludjeng , Budiraharjo Kustopo 
Published: November 2020

Urban people show a certain preference in consuming native chicken eggs products. This research aims to identify market segmentation and analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for consumers of native chicken eggs. The research was conducted at four places in the supermarket in Semarang city. Respondents as many as 100 people were selected using an accidental sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results show that consumer market segmentation can explain the analysis of WTP. Marked characteristics of consumers of the native chicken egg include in between 25-50 years old (50%), female (89%), go shopping as family motivation (70%), and purchasing once a week (85%). 87% of respondents show the WTP in the range of 5 to 20% above the existing price. The maximum WTP is 23.45 thousand rupiahs per pack. The highest of maximum WTP found in rattan packaging in Superindo is 26.79 thousand rupiahs per pack. The highest WTP aggregation value is found in Gelael with mica packaging at the 373 thousand rupiahs. Furthermore, supermarkets can contribute to apply quality standards for native chicken eggs, and protect the interests of consumers.JEL Classification: D12, Q02; Q13
Arbitrary l-solutions of the Schrödinger equation interacting with Hulthén – Hellmann potential model
Authors: William E. S. , Inyang E. P. , Thompson E. A. 
Published: November 2020

In this study, we obtained bound state solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation by the superposition of Hulthén plus Hellmann potential within the framework of Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method for an arbitrary - states. The corresponding normalized wave functions expressed in terms of Jacobi polynomial for a particle exposed to this potential field was also obtained. The numerical energy eigenvalues for different quantum state have been computed. Six special cases are also considered and their energy eigenvalues are obtained. Our results are found to be in good agreement with the results in literature. The behavior of energy in the ground and excited state for different quantum state are studied graphically.
Incidence and characteristics of cerebral hypoxia after craniectomy in brain-injured patients: a cohort study
Authors: Gagnon Alexandrine , Laroche Mathieu , Williamson David , Giroux Marc , Giguère Jean-François , Bernard Francis 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
After craniectomy, although intracranial pressure (ICP) is controlled, episodes of brain hypoxia might still occur. Cerebral hypoxia is an indicator of poor outcome independently of ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure. No study has systematically evaluated the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy. The authors’ objective was to describe the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy.

METHODS
The authors included 25 consecutive patients who underwent a craniectomy after traumatic brain injury or intracerebral hemorrhage and who were monitored afterward with a brain tissue oxygen pressure monitor.

RESULTS
The frequency of hypoxic values after surgery was 14.6% despite ICP being controlled. Patients had a mean of 18 ± 23 hypoxic episodes. Endotracheal (ET) secretions (17.4%), low cerebral perfusion pressure (10.3%), and mobilizing the patient (8.6%) were the most common causes identified. Elevated ICP was rarely identified as the cause of hypoxia (4%). No cause of cerebral hypoxia could be determined 31.2% of the time. Effective treatments that were mainly used included sedation/analgesia (20.8%), ET secretion suctioning (15.4%), and increase in fraction of inspired oxygen or positive end-expiratory pressure (14.1%).

CONCLUSIONS
Cerebral hypoxia is common after craniectomy, despite ICP being controlled. ET secretion and patient mobilization are common causes that are easily treatable and often not identified by standard monitoring. These results suggest that monitoring should be pursued even if ICP is controlled. The authors’ findings might provide a hypothesis to explain the poor functional outcome in the recent randomized controlled trials on craniectomy after traumatic brain injury where in which brain tissue oxygen pressure was not measured.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical utility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways in adult spine surgery
Authors: Pennington Zach , Cottrill Ethan , Lubelski Daniel , Ehresman Jeff , Theodore Nicholas , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVESpine surgery has been identified as a significant source of healthcare expenditures in the United States. Prolonged hospitalization has been cited as one source of increased spending, and there has been drive from providers and payors alike to decrease inpatient stays. One strategy currently being explored is the use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols. Here, the authors review the literature on adult spine ERAS protocols, focusing on clinical benefits and cost reductions. They also conducted a quantitative meta-analysis examining the following: 1) length of stay (LOS), 2) complication rate, 3) wound infection rate, 4) 30-day readmission rate, and 5) 30-day reoperation rate.METHODSUsing the PRISMA guidelines, a search of the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews, Embase, CINAHL, and OVID Medline databases was conducted to identify all full-text articles in the English-language literature describing ERAS protocol implementation for adult spine surgery. A quantitative meta-analysis using random-effects modeling was performed for the identified clinical outcomes using studies that directly compared ERAS protocols with conventional care.RESULTSOf 950 articles reviewed, 34 were included in the qualitative analysis and 20 were included in the quantitative analysis. The most common protocol types were general spine surgery protocols and protocols for lumbar spine surgery patients. The most frequently cited benefits of ERAS protocols were shorter LOS (n = 12), lower postoperative pain scores (n = 6), and decreased complication rates (n = 4). The meta-analysis demonstrated shorter LOS for the general spine surgery (mean difference −1.22 days [95% CI −1.98 to −0.47]) and lumbar spine ERAS protocols (−1.53 days [95% CI −2.89 to −0.16]). Neither general nor lumbar spine protocols led to a significant difference in complication rates. Insufficient data existed to perform a meta-analysis of the differences in costs or postoperative narcotic use.CONCLUSIONSPresent data suggest that ERAS protocol implementation may reduce hospitalization time among adult spine surgery patients and may lead to reductions in complication rates when applied to specific populations. To generate high-quality evidence capable of supporting practice guidelines, though, additional controlled trials are necessary to validate these early findings in larger populations.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN DERAJAT KESEHATAN MELALUI EDUKASI DAN SCREENING PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DI PANTI ASUHAN
Authors: Nunung Rachmawati  
Published: November 2020

Banyak permasalahan kesehatan yang sangat menentukan kualitas anak dikemudian hari. Masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi anak terkait dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) yang belum diterapkan dengan baik menimbulkan permasalahan kesehatan, seperti masalah cacingan, diare dan saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA). Sebagian besar anak di panti asuhan belum menerapkan dengan baik kebiasaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di Panti Asuhan Wiwin Muslimah diperlukan adanya edukasi tentang pentingnya PHBS dan screening perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Kesadaran anak untuk berperilaku bersih dan sehat setelah dilakukan edukasi dan screening meningkat. Kesadaran anak tentang pentingnya PHBS di lingkungan panti asuhan dapat ditingkatkan dengan edukasi dan screening yang tepat.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GOOGLE CLASSROOM, GEOOGLE MEET DAN ZOOM GURU SMP NEGERI 2 BATUBARA
Authors: Purba Rakhmawati , Siregar Aisyah , Siahaan Rumiris , Jayanti S. Suci Etri , Rusmewahni  
Published: November 2020

Pandemi Covid 19 telah mengubah seluruh tatanan kehidupan, terutama dunia pendididkan. Melalui Kebijakan Pemerintah, sistem pengajaran tatap muka dalam proses belajar mengajar dialihkan kesistem on line atau dikenal dengan sistem daring. Permasalahan yang timbul dalam memilih metode yang tepat dipakai dalam proses belajar mengajar ditengah pandemi ini menjadi dilema bagi para guru. Beberapa alternatif aplikasi yang ditawarkan harus disesuaikan dengan kondisi sekolah, guru dan peserta didik. Aplikasi yang digunakan harus mampu diakses,dan pahami oleh setiap guru dan peserta didik agar tujuan dalam pembelajaran tetap tercapai. Tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk Mengimplementasikan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, khususnya Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, membekali Guru-Guru agar memiliki pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang aplikasi pembelajaran daring serta dapat mempergunakannya dalam proses belajar mengajar secara on line. Metode yang dipakai pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah menggunakan sistem ceramah, memaparkan materi-materi yang berhubungan dengan aplikasi pengajaran daring berbasis Google Classroom, Google Meet dan Zoom serta praktek langsung pemakaian aplikasi tersebut dengan bantuan team pendamping praktek terhadap 20 orang guru UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Air Putih. Hasil yang diperoleh para guru dapat memahami dan mengerti menggunakan metode pengajaran daring sehingga proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan efektif sesuai dengan tujuan Kurikulum Nasional di tengah Pandemi Covid 19.
PELATIHAN KETRAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI UNTUK MEREDUKSI BULLYING DI TK AL ISLAM 10 SURAKARTA
Authors: Kusumawati Eny 
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di TK Al Islam 10 Surakarta yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan bagi guru-guru Sekolah di TK Al Islam 10 Surakarta serta orang tua wali murid untuk mengetahui bentuk dari perlaku bullying yang sering dijumpai disekolah mauapun diluar sekolah. Selain itu kegiatan pengabdian ini juga bertujuan untuk memberrikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan pada guru dan orang tua wali muird sswa TK Al Islam 10 Surakarta tentang ketrampilan berkomunikasi dalam mereduksi periaku bullying tersebut. Kegiatan ini rencananya akan dikuti sekitar 20-50 orang tua wali murid serta guru-guru TK Al Islam 10 Surakarta. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian menggunakan ceramah dan tanya jawab, demonstrasi dan praktek serta pendampingan bagi orang tua dan guru. Kegiatan pengabdian ini nantinya dengan menggunakan buku panduan yang telah dihasilkan oleh tim pengabdian terkait dengan cara-cara ketrampilan berkomunikasi untuk mereduksi perilaku bullying siswa.