bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-modality NDE fusion using encoder–decoder networks for identify multiple neurological disorders from EEG signals
Authors: Jain Shraddha , Srivastava Rajeev 
Published: December 2024

Background The complexity and diversity of brain activity patterns make it difficult to accurately diagnose neurological disorders such epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Integrated and effective analysis of multiple data sources is often beyond the scope of traditional diagnostic procedures. With the use of multi-modal data, recent developments in neural network approaches present encouraging opportunities for raising diagnostic accuracy. Objectives A novel approach has been proposed toward the integration of different Nondestructive Evaluation data with EEG signals for improving the diagnosis of neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, by leveraging advanced neural network techniques in order to improve the identification and correlation of shared latent features across heterogeneous NDE datasets. Methods We determined the 2D scalogram images using a specific encoder-decoder neural network after transforming the EEG signals using wavelet signal processing. Several NDE data types can be easily integrated for thorough analysis due to this network's ability to extract and correlate important aspects from each form of data. Aiming to uncover common patterns indicating of neurological disorders, the technique was evaluated on datasets containing EEG signals and corresponding NDE data. Results Our method demonstrated a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The encoder-decoder network effectively identified shared latent features across the heterogeneous NDE datasets, leading to more precise and reliable diagnoses. The fusion of multi-modality NDE data with EEG signals provided a robust framework for the automatic identification of multiple neurological disorders. Conclusions This innovative approach represents a substantial advancement in the field of neurological disorder diagnosis. By integrating diverse NDE data with EEG signals through advanced neural network techniques, we have developed a method that enhances the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing multiple neurological conditions. This fusion of multi-modality data has the potential to revolutionize current diagnostic practices in neurology, paving the way for more precise and automated identification of neurological disorders.
Observation on the effect of roller-assisted balloon compression hemostat after percutaneous coronary intervention via radial artery
Authors: Tao Jia , Huang Tiantian , Qu Li , Chen Shuliang , Li Liying 
Published: December 2024

Background Cardiovascular diseases are a global health concern, with coronary artery disease being particularly prevalent. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the radial artery approach (TRA) is now preferred due to its advantages. However, post-TRA hemostasis can lead to complications like hand swelling and pain. Objective To investigate the effect of roller support assisted balloon compression radial artery hemostasis device in patients undergoing percutaneous radial coronary intervention. Methods A total of 122 patients undergoing percutaneous radial coronary intervention in our hospital from March 2022 to September 2022 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 61 cases in each one. The observation group was treated with roller support assisted balloon compression type radial artery hemostasis device for compression hemostasis, and the control group was treated with balloon compression type radial artery hemostasis device (TR-Band). The complications such as bleeding at the puncture site, hematoma, swelling of the hand on the operation side, and pain in the operation limb as well as the patient satisfaction were observed in the patients of the two groups. Results There were 10 cases of bleeding in the control group and 7 cases in the observation group, the bleeding mostly happens about 1 h after surgery. As for the pain score between the two groups of the immediately, 1 h, 2 h, and remove time were (3.48 ± 1.83), (4.82 ± 1.77), (3.84 ± 1.52), (1.48 ± 0.94) respectively, where the values in the observation group were (2.10 ± 1.48), (3.00 ± 1.20), (3.07 ± 1.67), (0.77 ± 0.78). There were significant differences in swelling, pain and satisfaction of the hand on the operation side between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The modified application of roller support assisted radial artery hemostat helps to reduce the incidence of postoperative non-vascular complications in patients and improve patient satisfaction, with good social effect.
Mechanism of action of curcumin targeting TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis to mediate cell death in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Kai , Bi Jianping , Zhang Qingkun , Yang Yifan , Li Jie , Liang Yanchen 
Published: December 2024

Objects This study intends to explore the possible mechanisms of curcumin’s action after knee osteoarthritis. Methods Chondrocytes alone were used to mimic the cellular inflammatory response with interleukin IL-1β. Overexpressing TRPM2 chondrocytes were constructed using cell transfection technique for mechanism verification. The proliferation of chondrocytes was assessed by CCK8 assay, cellular ROS level was detected by flow cytometry, cellular inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA kit, and molecules of cellular pyroptosis-related signaling pathway were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo experiments, a rat knee osteoarthritis model was constructed. Cartilage integrity was assessed by histological analysis, cellular inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA kit, and cellular pyroptosis-related signaling pathway molecules were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results Curcumin targeting the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis significantly inhibited IL-1β induced decrease in cell viability, increase in ROS level, secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, etc., as well as decreased the expression of cellular scaffolding-related proteins, such as GSDMD, NLRP3 and pro-caspase-1, etc. ( p < .05). Meanwhile, curcumin targeting the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis also significantly improved the pathological state of cartilage tissue, maintained cartilage integrity, and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, and treated osteoarthritis of the knee in rats by mediating cellular pyroptosis. Conclusions Curcumin can effectively improve the inflammatory response of chondrocytes through the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.
Cephalosporins Use in Pediatric Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review and Policy Considerations in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed K. , Osaimi Hind M. Al , Alshehri Norah F. , Masoud Raneem F. , Abdulaal Alaa O. , Qaidi Bashair Z. Al 
Published: December 2024

Background Pediatric wellbeing and health outcomes are among the leading indicators of World Health Organization (WHO). Growing infections and risk of antibiotic resistance have appeared to be one of the main cause if mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Cephalosporins, due to their better comparative efficacy and safety, are often first line therapy approach among the pediatric population. Purpose This review is aiming to elaborate the use of cephalosporins in pediatric patients within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In addition, this review shall also sum up the clinical outcomes after use among the pediatric patients. Results This review highlights the use of clinical efficacy and use of cephalosporins among pediatric population in variety of infections. It was observed that among the included studies the cephalosporins were found effective in combating infections caused by gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA], and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae [ntHi]), while recognizing their ineffectiveness against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and enterococci. In Saudi health care setting use of Cephalosporins is frequent and this recommendation is based on their broad-spectrum efficacy and clinical safety profile among variety of pediatric infections in different clinical settings. Conclusion This review emphasizes the need to ensure the supervised use of cephalosporins in Saudi health care setting. Implementation of the national clinical guidelines and their synchronization with the global standards shall be a way to ensure long term availability of cephalosporins as 1st line regimen. Promoting rational prescribing methods can reduce the risks of resistance and maintain efficacy in pediatric care.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Parmelia sulcata Taylor and its Cytotoxic Effects on A Glioblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Arya Vikrant , Parmar Ranjeet Kaur , Gill Amandeep Kaur , Acharya Ashutosh , Singh Yatendra , Jamwal Anupam 
Published: December 2024

Objectives The current study aims to establish the pharmacognostic profile and evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Parmelia sulcata Talyor in the glioblastoma cell line. Materials and Methods In this experimental investigation, pharmacognostic evaluation has been conducted via standard procedures, and active fractions obtained through column chromatography, further identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The total antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of the lichen was obtained via the phosphomolybdate method, and a reducing power assay was conducted to determine its in vitro antioxidant potential. The glioblastoma U87-MG cell lines were cultivated in minimum essential medium supplemented with nonessential amino acids, and 10% fetal bovine serum was maintained under controlled conditions. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of lichen and its isolated active fraction. Results The pharmacognostic profile of P. sulcata inhabiting in lithophytic life form has been established. Morphological parameters aided in studying the physical attributes of lichen, whereas microscopic parameters helped to determine the histological characteristics. LC–MS analysis of purified fractions confirms the presence of phenolics in the lichens responsible for anticancer activity. Pharmacological data on U87-MG cell lines revealed the possible usage of this lichen in the treatment of glioblastoma and its associated pathological conditions. Lichen extract and its purified fraction (L16–L21) significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited the proliferation of U87 glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This study reported that the shield lichen has promising cytotoxic activities in U87-MG cell lines, which was marked by a reduction in cancer cell proliferation. Further pharmacognostic and phytochemical data confirmed its identity and facilitated its inclusion in various Pharmacopoeias.
Effect of Herbal Antioxidant on Push-out Bond Strength of Resin-based Composite to Dentin after Intracoronal Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors: MS Parinitha , G Akshay , Doddawad Vidya G. , Shivakumar Ashwini Tumkur , Kalgeri Sowmya Halasabalu 
Published: December 2024

Background Bleaching can enhance the appearance of stained teeth while maintaining their structural integrity. The antioxidant properties of green tea and pine bark extracts related to the effect on dental hard tissues have not been updated. Purpose This in vitro study aims to evaluate the influence of herbal antioxidants on the push-out bond strength of resin-based composite materials to dentin following intracoronal bleaching. Methods In this in vitro study, 60 human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups as follows ( n = 10): GI (control), no bleaching; GII, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and sodium perborate; GI, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate bleached and restored after 14 days; GIV, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate followed by 10% sodium ascorbate; GV, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate followed by green tea. GVI, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate, followed by pine bark. The specimens were bonded to composite in all groups. The push-out bond strength of specimens was measured in megapascals (MPa). Data were entered into an Excel sheet and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) ( p = .05). Results The unbleached teeth (GI) demonstrated the highest shear bond strength, followed by the bleached teeth treated with a 10% pine bark extract (GVI) antioxidant. The peak stress values were significantly higher in GI (control) and GVI, followed by other groups such as GIV, GIII, GV, and GII. Conclusion All the antioxidants used in this study were equally effective in neutralizing the adverse effects of HP on the bonding ability of immediately restored teeth. Group VI displayed the peak load, followed by Group IV and Group V, and successfully restored the weak bond strength of bleached dentin; this can be inferred from the current in vitro study.
Marketing Strategies and Consumer and Sellers Perception About Oral Nicotine Pouches in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Akhlaque Ghazala , Siddiqui Muhammad Muneeb Ullah , Iqbal Romaina , Vancy Abid Ali , Khan Javaid Ahmed , Naz Sabahat 
Published: December 2024

Background: The availability of novel nicotine products like oral nicotine pouches (ONP) has been rising in South Asian countries, including Pakistan. We aimed to assess ONP marketing strategies at point-of-sale (POS) and understand the perceptions among consumers and sellers regarding its use in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in low, middle, and high socioeconomic neighborhoods of District East Karachi. For the quantitative component, we used a cross-sectional design, collecting data through observations and surveys. The observation checklist included items about advertising, product placement, display, and promotional aids. The survey questionnaire included questions on marketing tactics, product placement, and advertising strategies for ONP. For the qualitative component, we conducted in-depth interviews with ONP consumers and sellers to explore their perceptions and understand marketing strategies. Frequencies and percentages were used to report quantitative data, while thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative findings. Results: We observed 90 POS of ONP and found that 20% (n = 18) were located within 200 meters of schools. ONP advertisements were found in 67% (n = 60) of the surveyed shops, 59% (n = 53) displayed ONP next to candy, and 70% (n = 63) displayed at child’s eye level. A higher proportion of consumers (n = 66, 73%) use ONP as a cessation aid for tobacco. Most sellers (n = 48, 53%) were approached by the companies to sell ONP, and 40% received a commission while achieving the targets on ONP sell. About one-fourth of sellers (n = 21, 23%) reported selling ONP to students less than 18 years. Our qualitative findings revealed marketing strategies, peer influence, ease of use in tobacco-restricted areas, and the perception of reduced harm compared to cigarettes as key drivers of ONP consumption. Conclusion: Our study highlights a critical public health concern and offers valuable insights that could inform the development of policies to regulate tobacco sales.
Mid-term and Long-term Outcomes of Endovenous Laser Ablation Utilizing a 1470 nm Laser a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bontinis Vangelis , Bontinis Alkis , Giannopoulos Argirios , Manaki Vasiliki , Kontes Ioannis , Pitoulias Apostolos G. , Chorti Angeliki , Ktenidis Kiriakos 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: We sought to investigate the mid-term and long-term efficacy of 1470 nm endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Material and Methods: We conducted a systematic research on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science for articles published by January 2024. The primary endpoints were truncal vein and great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion. Results: Fifteen studies, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 5 prospective, and 6 retrospective case series, including 2064 patients and 2125 truncal veins (1862 GSV) were included. The pooled truncal vein occlusion estimates at 2, 3, and 5 years were 93.51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.01, 95.84), 89.60% (95% CI: 82.75, 93.93), 88.94% (95% CI: 81.59, 93.58). The pooled GSV occlusion at 2, 3, and 5 years were 93.90% (95% CI: 90.30, 96.21), 93.01% (95% CI: 82.80, 97.36), and 89.06% (95% CI: 80.55, 94.12), respectively. The pooled deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and burn estimates were 1.42% (95% CI: 0.87, 2.31) and 2.64% (95% CI: 1.19, 5.75), respectively. The pooled overall and permanent neurologic complication estimates were 4.33% (95% CI: 1.62, 11.12) and 1.70% (95% CI: 0.69, 4.13), respectively. The pooled Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) reduction by the end of follow-up was, mean difference (MD), 4.96 (95% CI: 3.87, 6.05). Meta-regression analysis including linear endovenous energy density (LEED) values ranging from 69 to 101.7 J/cm elucidated a statistically significant positive association between LEED and GSV occlusion at the 2-year (β=0.0977, p=0.02), 3-year (β=0.2021, p<0.01) and 5-year (β=0.0534, p=0.01) follow-up intervals. Conclusion: This review has displayed satisfactory medium and long-term truncal and GSV occlusion outcomes for the 1470 nm device. In addition, a positive association between GSV occlusion and LEED was identified, persisting through the 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year follow-up intervals. Despite these favorable findings further research is imperative, focusing not only on technical aspects, such as vein occlusion but also on critical clinical parameters, including varicose vein recurrence, to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and durability of EVLA. Clinical Impact This review demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the 1470 nm EVLA device in the treatment of lower limb venous insufficiency over the medium- and long-term periods, further substantiating its continued use. Moreover, the consistent positive association between linear endovenous energy density (LEED) and occlusion outcomes across the five-year follow-up interval highlighted the critical role of LEED in optimizing long-term clinical results, potentially offering valuable insights for practitioners.
Preferences of continuous care service options for patients with venous leg ulcer development of attributes for discrete choice experiments
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Wang Xian , Gu Fei , Huang Zheng , Yu Jinzhi , Li Meng 
Published: December 2024

Background Patients suffering from lower extremity venous ulcers typically undergo prolonged dressing changes, entailing extended treatment cycles and significant costs, creating an urgent need for effective continuous care. There is scarce literature reporting on the preferences and requirements for wound care within continuous care services for such conditions. Discrete choice experiments serve as an innovative method to elicit patient preferences, where the development of attributes and levels is a critically important process. Objective To identify attributes and levels patients with venous leg ulcers consider when making decisions about continued care services for venous leg ulcers. Methods In this study, we employed four steps to devise service features (i.e., attributes) and their potential manifestations (i.e., levels). Firstly, we conducted a systematic literature search with articles screened and content compiled by two researchers to identify possible service attributes. Secondly, we conducted in-depth interviews with patients suffering from venous leg ulcers to gather personal experiences and expectations for quality care, and used Nvivo11.0 for data management. Thirdly, focus group discussions were held to assess general viewpoints from various perspectives. Finally, expert meetings were organized to refine our research tools further. To narrow down the attributes to a manageable number for the discrete choice experiment, focus groups and expert meetings performed ranking exercises, calculating the average importance scores by dividing the total score by the number of participants and ranking attributes from highest to lowest average scores. Results Through literature reviews, qualitative data acquisition, expert meetings, and ranking exercises, a total of six attributes were finalized, each with two to three levels. The attributes included: 1) service cost (Ave score: 4.7); 2) Mode of service delivery (Ave score: 4.5); 3) Service type (Ave score: 4.4); 4) Consistency of caregiver (Ave score: 4.4); 5) Category of service providers (Ave score: 4.3); and 6) Appointment scheduling (Ave score: 4.3). These attributes encompassed key aspects related to wound care in the continuous care services for patients with venous leg ulcers. Conclusions The mixed-methods approach adopted in this study has proven particularly suitable for identifying, refining, and selecting attributes and levels for discrete choice experiments. By leveraging the advantages and limitations of the four steps, and especially through qualitative data analysis, a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the attributes and levels was achieved. This approach has facilitated the practicality and accuracy in attribute construction, enhancing the overall efficacy of the DCE design.
Beyond the bleed: Navigating fetal intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Hillary C , Amin Amee A , Gonzales Danielle N 
Published: December 2024

Background: Antenatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is intracranial hemorrhage that occurs in utero at an incidence of 1–5 per 10,000. Though there is very limited data on neurodevelopmental prognosis, antenatally diagnosed fetal intracranial hemorrhages carry a very poor prognosis with an estimated 40% mortality in utero or within the first month after birth. Less than 50% of survivors have normal neurodevelopmental outcomes during their postnatal follow-up. We present a healthy, term infant, who was prenatally diagnosed with a grade IV fetal IVH. Case: A term, male infant was delivered via elective cesarean section following a prenatal diagnosis of unilateral grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage with bilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly. Pregnancy had been unremarkable with no history of trauma, hematologic, or infectious etiology. Extensive post-natal evaluation confirmed the prenatal MRI findings and an unremarkable infectious and hematologic evaluation but revealed a genetic syndrome for 15q11.2 deletion. On day of life 18, the infant was discharged home with parents, tolerating full oral feeds and with appropriate weight gain. Continued outpatient follow-up has revealed no further progression of the bleed on serial neuroimaging with the infant meeting appropriate developmental milestones at 6 months of age. Conclusion: Despite early detection, fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has poor outcomes compared to post-natal prematurity related IVH. Parents of affected fetuses should be counseled about poor survival rates and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially following the diagnosis of grade III or IV IVH.