bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of parity, blood progesterone, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment on the dynamics of the uterine microbiota of healthy postpartum dairy cows
Authors: Pascottini O. Bogado , Spricigo J. F. W. , Van Schyndel S. J. , Mion B. , Rousseau J. , Weese J. S. , LeBlanc S. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of treatment with meloxicam (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), parity, and blood progesterone concentration on the dynamics of the uterine microbiome of clinically healthy postpartum dairy cows. Seven primiparous and 9 multiparous postpartum Holstein cows received meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg SC, n = 7 cows) once daily for 4 days (10 to 13 days in milk (DIM)) or were untreated (n = 9 cows). Endometrial cytology samples were collected by cytobrush at 10, 21, and 35 DIM, from which the metagenomic analysis was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A radioimmunoassay was used to measure progesterone concentration in blood serum samples at 35 DIM and cows were classified as > 1 ng/mL (n = 10) or ≤ 1 ng/mL (n = 6). Alpha diversity for bacterial genera (Chao1, Shannon-Weiner, and Camargo’s evenness indices) were not affected by DIM, meloxicam treatment, parity, or progesterone category (P> 0.2). For beta diversity (genera level), principal coordinate analysis (Bray-Curtis) showed differences in microbiome between parity groups (P= 0.01).There was lower overall abundance ofAnaerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Paracoccus, Staphylococcus, andStreptococcusand higher abundance ofBacillus, Fusobacterium, andNovosphingobiumin primiparous than multiparous cows (P< 0.05); these patterns were consistent across sampling days. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity did not differ by DIM at sampling, meloxicam treatment, or progesterone category at 35 DIM (P> 0.5). In conclusion, uterine bacterial composition was not different at 10, 21, or 35 DIM, and meloxicam treatment or progesterone category did not affect uterine microbiota in clinically healthy postpartum dairy cows. Primiparous cows presented a different composition of uterine bacteria than multiparous cows. The differences in microbiome associated with parity might be attributable to changes that occur consequent to the first calving, but this hypothesis should be investigated further.
Glycosaminoglycans are specific endosomal receptors forYersinia pseudotuberculosisCytotoxic Necrotizing Factor
Authors: Kowarschik Stefanie , Schöllkopf Julian , Müller Thomas , Tian Songhai , Knerr Julian , Bakker Hans , Rein Stephan , Dong Min , Weber Stefan , Grosse Robert , Schmidt Gudula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Y (CNFY) is produced by the gram-negative, enteric pathogenYersinia pseudotuberculosis. The bacterial toxin belongs to a family of deamidases, which constitutively activate Rho GTPases, thereby balancing inflammatory processes. We identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans as essential host cell factors for intoxication with CNFY. Using flow cytometry, microscopy, knockout cell lines, pulsed electron–electron double resonance and bio-layer interferometry, we studied the role of glucosaminoglycans in the intoxication process of CNFY. To analyze toxin-glucosaminoglycan interaction we utilized a truncated CNFY (CNFY709-1014). Especially this C-terminal part of CNFY, which encompasses the catalytic activity, binds with high affinity to heparan sulfates. CNFY binding with the N-terminal domain to its protein receptor seems to induce a first conformational change supporting the interaction between the C-terminal domain and heparan sulfates, which seems sterically hindered in the full toxin. A second conformational change occurs by acidification of the endosome, probably allowing insertion of the hydrophobic regions of the toxin into the endosomal membrane. Our findings suggest that heparan sulfates play a major role for intoxication within the endosome, rather than being relevant for an interaction at the cell surface. Lastly, cleavage of heparin sulfate chains by heparanase is likely required for efficient uptake of the toxic enzyme into the cytosol of mammalian cells.Author SummaryThe RhoA deamidating Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Y (CNFY) fromYersinia pseudotuberculosisis a crucial virulence factor that is important for successful infection of mammalian cells by the pathogen. The mode of action by which CNFY is able to intoxicate cells can be divided into the following steps: Binding to the cell surface, internalization, translocation from the endosome to the cytosol and deamidation of RhoA. We show, that CNFY uses heparan sulfates to maximize the amount of molecules entering the cytosol. While not being necessary for toxin binding and uptake, the sugars hold a key role in the intoxication process. We show that CNFY undergoes a conformational change at a low endosomal pH, allowing the C-terminal domain to be released from the endosomal membrane by the action of heparanase. This study reveals new insights into the CNFY-host interaction and promotes understanding of the complex intoxication process of bacterial toxins.
Learning receptive field properties of complex cells in V1
Authors: Lian Yanbo , Almasi Ali , Grayden David B. , Kameneva Tatiana , Burkitt Anthony N. , Meffin Hamish 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are two distinct classes of cells in the primary visual cortex (V1): simple cells and complex cells. One defining feature of complex cells is their spatial phase invariance; they respond strongly to oriented grating stimuli with a preferred orientation but with a wide range of spatial phases. A classical model of complete spatial phase invariance in complex cells is the energy model, in which the responses are the sum of the squared outputs of two linear spatially phase-shifted filters. However, recent experimental studies have shown that complex cells have a diverse range of spatial phase invariance and only a subset can be characterized by the energy model. While several models have been proposed to explain how complex cells could learn to be selective to orientation but invariant to spatial phase, most existing models overlook many biologically important details. We propose a biologically plausible model for complex cells that learns to pool inputs from simple cells based on the presentation of natural scene stimuli. The model is a three-layer network with rate-based neurons that describes the activities of LGN cells (layer 1), V1 simple cells (layer 2), and V1 complex cells (layer 3). The first two layers implement a recently proposed simple cell model that is biologically plausible and accounts for many experimental phenomena. The neural dynamics of the complex cells is modeled as the integration of simple cells inputs along with response normalization. Connections between LGN and simple cells are learned using Hebbian and anti-Hebbian plasticity. Connections between simple and complex cells are learned using a modified version of the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) rule. Our results demonstrate that the learning rule can describe a diversity of complex cells, similar to those observed experimentally.Author summaryMany cortical functions originate from the learning ability of the brain. How the properties of cortical cells are learned is vital for understanding how the brain works. There are many models that explain how V1 simple cells can be learned. However, how V1 complex cells are learned still remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a model of learning in complex cells based on the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) rule. We demonstrate that properties of receptive fields of complex cells can be learned using this biologically plausible learning rule. Quantitative comparisons between the model and experimental data are performed. Results show that model complex cells can account for the diversity of complex cells found in experimental studies. In summary, this study provides a plausible explanation for how complex cells can be learned using biologically plausible plasticity mechanisms. Our findings help us to better understand biological vision processing and provide us with insights into the general signal processing principles that the visual cortex employs to process visual information.
Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Conformation
Authors: Henderson Rory , Edwards Robert J , Mansouri Katayoun , Janowska Katarzyna , Stalls Victoria , Gobeil Sophie , Kopp Megan , Hsu Allen , Borgnia Mario , Parks Rob , Haynes Barton F. , Acharya Priyamvada 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus (CoV) viral host cell fusion spike (S) protein is the primary immunogenic target for virus neutralization and the current focus of many vaccine design efforts. The highly flexible S-protein, with its mobile domains, presents a moving target to the immune system. Here, to better understand S-protein mobility, we implemented a structure-based vector analysis of available β-CoV S-protein structures. We found that despite overall similarity in domain organization, different β-CoV strains display distinct S-protein configurations. Based on this analysis, we developed two soluble ectodomain constructs in which the highly immunogenic and mobile receptor binding domain (RBD) is locked in either the all-RBDs ‘down’ position or is induced to display a previously unobserved in SARS-CoV-2 2-RBDs ‘up’ configuration. These results demonstrate that the conformation of the S-protein can be controlled via rational design and provide a framework for the development of engineered coronavirus spike proteins for vaccine applications.
Femtosecond soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of warm dense matter at the PAL-XFEL
Authors: Lee Jong-Won , Kang Gyeongbo , Kim Minju , Kim Minseok , Park Sang Han , Kwon Soonnam , Yang Seonghyeok , Cho Byoung Ick 
Published: May 2020

Free-electron laser pulse-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on warm dense copper are presented. The incident X-ray pulse energies were measured with a detector assembly consisting of a photocathode membrane and microchannel plates, and the transmitted energies were measured simultaneously with a photodiode detector. The precision of the absorption measurements was evaluated. For a warm dense copper foil irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse, the enhanced X-ray absorption below the L
3-edge, followed by the rapid evolution of highly excited Fermi liquid within a picosecond, were successfully measured. This result demonstrates a unique capability to study femtosecond non-equilibrium electron–hole dynamics in extreme states of matter.
Snack foods from brewing waste: consumer-led approach to developing sustainable snack options
Authors: Crofton Emily C. , Scannell Amalia G.M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeUsing a consumer-led approach, the purpose of this research is to examine how consumers perceive new cereal-based snack food concepts using healthy brewers spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable and functional ingredient.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth laddering interviews based on means–end chain theory were conducted with 40 healthy snack consumers in Dublin, Ireland.FindingsFour hierarchical value maps (HVM) representing data from each snack concept dimensions were generated. The results identified the crispy crackers concept as the most promising for further development, followed by crispy sticks with dip, fruity biscuits and twisted breadsticks. Consumer cognitions regarding the crispy sticks with dip and fruity biscuits were more dominantly associated with a hedonic orientation, while crispy crackers and twisted breadsticks were more strongly associated with health- related dimensions. The HVMs also identified factors which could potentially prevent the acceptance of these snacks. Although consumers displayed a level of environmental consciousness regarding the perceived packaging type, outcomes also showed that the environmental benefit of using BSG in foods is not viewed as a means to attain a desired end state in the consumers’ mind. Our findings also suggest the rich protein content of BSG is not considered relevant in the context of a cereal snack product.Practical implicationsBSG is an abundant, low-cost, nutritious waste material which is available globally in large quantities. This study provides new actionable consumer insights with important implications for snack manufacturers regarding the design and development of cereal snack foods containing this healthy by-product.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a limited body of literature by illustrating which product characteristics are considered important for consumers when selecting healthy, cereal-based snack foods using BSG as an ingredient.
An adaptive sparse polynomial-chaos technique based on anisotropic indices
Authors: Salis Christos , Kantartzis Nikolaos V. , Zygiridis Theodoros 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The fabrication of electromagnetic (EM) components may induce randomness in several design parameters. In such cases, an uncertainty assessment is of high importance, as simulating the performance of those devices via deterministic approaches may lead to a misinterpretation of the extracted outcomes. This paper aims to present a novel heuristic for the sparse representation of the polynomial chaos (PC) expansion of the output of interest, aiming at calculating the involved coefficients with a small computational cost.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a novel heuristic that aims to develop a sparse PC technique based on anisotropic index sets. Specifically, this study’s approach generates those indices by using the mean elementary effect of each input. Accurate outcomes are extracted in low computational times, by constructing design of experiments (DoE) which satisfy the D-optimality criterion.

Findings
The method proposed in this study is tested on three test problems; the first one involves a transmission line that exhibits several random dielectrics, while the second and the third cases examine the effects of various random design parameters to the transmission coefficient of microwave filters. Comparisons with the Monte Carlo technique and other PC approaches prove that accurate outcomes are obtained in a smaller computational cost, thus the efficiency of the PC scheme is enhanced.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a new sparse PC technique based on anisotropic indices. The proposed method manages to accurately extract the expansion coefficients by locating D-optimal DoE.
How fringe cyclone experience affects predictions of damage severity
Authors: Scovell Mitchell , McShane Connar , Swinbourne Anne , Smith Daniel 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how experience with the fringe effects of a cyclone influences perception of cyclone severity. Understanding how certain types of experience influences risk perception should help to clarify why there is an unclear link between experience and risk perception within the existing literature.Design/methodology/approachA total of 155 respondents with fringe cyclone experience were recruited to fill in a closed-ended question survey. The survey was designed to assess perceptions of a previous cyclone and future cyclone severity.FindingsMost respondents who had experienced the fringe effects of a cyclone overestimated the wind speed in their location. Respondents who overestimated previous cyclone wind speed also predicted less damage from future Category 5 cyclones.Research limitations/implicationsThis research indicates that overestimating the severity of past cyclones can have a detrimental effect on how people predict damage due to high category cyclones.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that people with fringe cyclone experience need additional information to help reshape their perceptions of cyclone severity.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique perspective on the relationship between experience and risk perception by demonstrating that experience on the fringe of a cyclone has a negative influence on risk perception.
Digital marketing and business-to-business relationships: a close look at the interface and a roadmap for the future
Authors: Hofacker Charles , Golgeci Ismail , Pillai Kishore Gopalakrishna , Gligor David Marius 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to introduce the special issue on digital marketing and business-to-business (B2B) relationships. In general, only modest attention has been devoted to the study of digitalization in the B2B sector and even less on the importance of the perils and promises of digitalization for B2B relationships. This study’s goal is to help focus scholarly attention on the implications of digitalization on B2B relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
In this conceptual paper, the authors’ approach is to carefully review relevant literature, and to lay out the field of digital marketing and B2B relationships, conceptualizing it for future research.

Findings
The authors find that the following areas are critically important to understanding future trends in digital marketing and B2B relationships: coopetition, value co-creation, B2B branding, servitization, innovation networks, relationship dynamics and power and trust.

Originality/value
The intersection of digitalization and B2B relationships is an under-researched topic. With this paper and the accompanying special issues papers, the authors hope to begin to fill this critical gap.
The role of servicescape and social interaction toward customer service experience in coffee stores. The case of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quynh Xuan , Dang My Van , Tournois Nadine 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of servicescape on customer satisfaction and loyalty – centered on social interaction and service experience in the café setting.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study were collected from approximately 1,800 customers at 185 coffee stores located in the three largest cities in Vietnam through the self-administered questionnaires.

Findings
The research findings pointed out the significant impacts of café servicescape on social interaction quality, including customer-to-employee interaction (CEI) and customer-to-customer interaction (CCI). Social interactions and servicescape were shown to remarkably influence customer experience quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Moreover, the study confirmed the interrelation between service experience, satisfaction and loyalty in the café setting.

Practical implications
This study provides marketers and service managers a deeper understanding of improving customer satisfaction and loyalty through the control of servicescape attributes and social interactions in café contexts.

Originality/value
This research explores the significant impacts of café servicescape on social interaction quality (CEI and CCI). Additionally, it provides insights within the role of social interactions to customer’s affective and behavioral responses in service settings, especially the CCI quality.
A systematic literature review of lean six sigma adoption in European organizations
Authors: Panayiotou Nikolaos A. , Stergiou Konstantinos E. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review of the literature about lean six sigma (LSS) implementation in European organizations written by academics or practitioners from European institutions to extract useful conclusions about LSS adoption in European companies and to suggest direction for future research concerning the broader LSS application in them.

Design/methodology/approach
This study has been conducted by reviewing 58 papers, found in top journals, coming from European institutions that present studies of European companies and fulfill the selected inclusion criteria.

Findings
The analysis of the literature revealed the level of penetration of the LSS methodology in organizations of each European country. The study of the papers revealed the sectors and the size of companies that are more active in LSS application, the method used in each project, the tools which are deployed and the interconnection between LSS and other topics through the project implementation.

Research limitations/implications
The limited access provided by the authors’ institution only to three major publishers (Emerald, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis) and the focus of the search only in European organizations were the main limitations of this review.

Practical implications
This paper provides both academics and practitioners with valuable insights about LSS implementation in European organizations, presenting a complete analysis framework of the literature and highlighting gaps for further research.

Originality/value
An extended and detailed analysis of LSS adoption in Europe has not been conducted before. This review presents a clear view about how LSS projects in European organization have been applied so far and suggests ways of how the literature could be enriched to facilitate the LSS implementation.
A cross-sectional survey interconnecting health information seeking behavior with clinical data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Kostagiolas Petros , Tsiligros Panagiotis , Theodorou Panagiotis , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Niakas Dimitrios 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the investigation of type 2 diabetes patients' information seeking behavior in terms of their information needs, sources and barriers faced by patients when seeking information. The information seeking behavior is associated with clinical patient data.Design/methodology/approachThe relevant literature is reviewed, and the results of a cross-sectional survey informed by Wilson's macro-model of information seeking behavior are reported. The survey includes 106 outpatients from the diabetes clinic of a Greek major university hospital and includes information seeking behaviors and patient's clinical evidence.FindingsThe most important health information needs are related to the complications, symptoms and causes of diabetes, to the proper diet for diabetics and the measures adopted to avoid foot complications. Furthermore, the most important information resources were physicians, ophthalmologists, books, broadcast media and family members. Obstacles encountered during information seeking include the complicated nature of health information, which involves scientific terms as well as psychological issues. The diabetes stage is correlated with information needs for diabetes medication, while the years from the first diagnosis are negatively correlated with the use of informal sources.Research limitations/implicationsThe information needs and sources of diabetic patients, as well as the main obstacles to this pursuit, could potentially have important implications in designing a future information campaign and information services for diabetes patients.Originality/valueThe Wilson's macro-model of information seeking has been applied to the diabetic patients' information seeking behavior; while information needs, information sources and information obstacles are correlated with clinical evidence from patients’ hospital records.