bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceftaroline fosamil in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hansen Brenda K , Toffaletti Dena L , Park Lawrence P , Warren Bobby , Giamberardino Charles , Perfect John R , Fowler Vance G , Drew Richard H , Sharma Batu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Meningitis caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is rare and often fatal. The recommended treatment for MRSA meningitis, vancomycin, is limited by poor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration. Ceftaroline fosamil is a novel fifth-generation cephalosporin with potent antibacterial activity in vitro against MRSA. Several case reports in humans suggest that ceftaroline might be a potential treatment option for MRSA meningitis. Our primary objective was to com­pare the efficacy of ceftaroline and vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA meningitis using a rabbit meningitis model. We then characterized CSF drug concentrations over time.Methods Ninety rabbits received a direct intracisternal injection of 5 x 105 CFU S. aureus (MRSA 252). Following a 16-hour incubation period, approximately 0.5ml of CSF was withdrawn via intracisternal aspiration immediately prior to treatment for quantitative bacterial counts and CSF antibiotic concentrations. Rabbits then received (by 1:1:1 random assignment) either no treatment (control group), vancomycin 20 mg/kg at 0 and 12hrs, or ceftaroline 40mg/kg at 0 and 4 hrs via marginal ear vein. CSF collection was repeated every 12 hours for up to 40 hours. All animals were humanely euthanized at 40 hours post inoculation. The primary endpoint (difference in bacterial load [expressed as CFU/mL] for each animal between the initial (T1) and terminal (T3) taps were characterized and compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. CSF drug concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay.ResultsAmong the forty-three evaluable animals with established MRSA meningitis, there was no statistical difference in median CFU observed between the groups in pretreatment CFU counts (p=0.16). Reductions in bacterial load from baseline were 88%, 79% and 75% in the control, ceftaroline and vancomycin-treated groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference observed between vancomycin and either control or ceftaroline at any time point. While animals treated with ceftaroline exhibited a significant increase in clearance rate (log ∆) between T1 and T2 when compared to control (p = 0.019), these differences were no longer statistically significant by T3 (p= 0.43) as CSF ceftaroline concentrations were undetectable by that time point.Conclusions While ceftaroline may be a reasonable alternative to vancomycin for MRSA meningitis, additional animal and clinical studies are required to determine optimal dosing to establish its effectiveness.
Childhood adversity and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people with a history of transient psychotic experiences: findings from a population-based study
Authors: Coughlan Helen , Walton-Ball Erin , Carey Eleanor , Healy Colm , O’Regan-Murphy Grace , Uidhir Aoife Nic , Clarke Mary , Cannon Mary 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Psychotic experiences in young people have known associations with childhood adversity and functional deficits. However, few studies have focused only on childhood psychotic experiences that remit during adolescence (transient psychotic experiences). Additionally, studies using self-report measures of interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood adversity and transient psychotic experiences and transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods: Participants were 103 young people from a longitudinal population-based study cohort of mental health in Ireland. They attended for clinical interview in childhood (age 11-13) and young adulthood (age 19-25). Data on childhood adversity were collected at baseline. Data on self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties were collected at follow-up. Data on psychotic experiences were collected at both times. Associations between childhood adversity, transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties were examined. Results: Young people with a history of transient psychotic experiences reported an almost 3.5-fold increase in odds of childhood victimization (OR 3.43 CI 1.21-9.71). They also reported significantly higher interpersonal ( p = 0.03) and educational/vocational ( p = 0.001) difficulties during adolescence. However, no significant differences in interpersonal ( p = 0.91) or educational/vocational ( p = 0.35) difficulties were found in young adulthood. The higher rates of childhood victimization found did not account for any observed differences. Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people both with and without a history of transient psychotic experiences decreased between adolescence and young adulthood. Conclusions: Young people with transient psychotic experiences have increased interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence but these may not persist into the young adult years. These findings may indicate that early transient psychotic experiences do not confer high risk for persistent interpersonal and/or educational/vocational deficits and young people who experience these phenomena transiently. Thus, psychotic experiences in childhood that remit by young adulthood may not be a strong risk indicator for future functioning deficits, as experienced and/or perceived by individuals themselves.
A Nomogram based on a Patient-reported Outcomes Measure: Predicting the Risk of Readmission for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: han qiang , Tian Jing , Yang Hong , Zhang Qing , Wang Ruoya , Zhao Jinghua , Ren Jia , Han Linai , Li Chenhao , Yan Jingjing , Wang Ke , Zheng Chu , Han Qinghua , Zhang Yanbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Health-related quality of life, evaluated by a patient-reported outcomes measure, is an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed to use PROM to establish an effective readmission nomogram for chronic heart failure. Methods Using patient-reported outcomes measure as a measurement tool, we conducted a readmission nomogram for chronic heart failure on a prospective observational study comprising 454 patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized between May 2017 to January 2020. Concordance index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discriminative ability and predictive accuracy of the nomogram. A bootstrap resampling method was used for internal validation of results. Results The median follow-up period in the study was 197 days. After a final COX regression analysis, the computed gender, income, health care, appetite-sleep, anxiety, depression, paranoia, support, and independence were identified and included in the nomogram. The nomogram showed moderate discrimination, with concordance index of 0.737 (95% CI 0.673-0.800). The calibration curves for the probability of readmission for patients with chronic heart failure showed high consistency between the probability, as predicted, and the actual probability. Conclusions This model offers a platform to assess the risk of readmission for different populations with CHF and can assist clinicians with personalized treatment recommendations.
Comparison of the ability between fatty liver index and triglyceride glucose index to screen hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Peng Ju , Ma Fang , Zhu Yan Ning , Lou Hui Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the potential of triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and fatty liver index (FLI) and to explore which index is better for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 594 Chinese nondiabetic postmenopausal women retrospectively. NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis observed on liver ultrasonography in the absence of a second cause. Binary Logistic regression model analysis was used to determine odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) between hepatic steatosis and TyG as well as FLI. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) were employed to determine the ability of FLI and TyG as well as the combination of TyG with obesity indices to detect hepatic steatosis, and the AUC values were also compared between them. Results: women with the highest value of FLI or TyG had significantly higher odds of hepatic steatosis. The AUC values of FLI was significantly larger than that of TyG in either overall women (difference between area: 0.0743, 95% CI: 0.0396-0.109, P < 0.0001) or women younger (difference between area: 0.0629, 95% CI: 0.0262-0.0996, P=0.0008) and older (difference between area: 0.116, 95% CI: 0.0242-0.207, P=0.0132) than 60 years. Furthermore, when TyG was added to each obesity index, the AUC value of FLI was still significantly larger than that of each combination. Conclusions: Compared with TyG along or combination of TyG and obesity indices, FLI is a better surrogate index for detecting hepatic steatosis among Chinese nondiabtic postmenopausal women.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of FFPE tumor samples reveals the influences of novel targeting nanobubbles conjugated with NET-1 siRNA on tetraspanin protein involved in HCC
Authors: Wu Bolin , Shang Haitao , Liang Xitian , Yang Huajing Yang Huajing , Jing Hui , Li Bo , Cheng Wen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a severe threat to human health. The NET-1 protein has been proved to be strongly associated with HCC proliferation and metastasis in our previous study. Methods: Here, we developed a label-free proteome mass spectrometry workflow to analyze formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded HCC xenograft samples collected in our previous study. Results: The result showed that 78 proteins were differentially expressed after NET-1 protein inhibited. Among them, the expression of 61 proteins up-regulated and the expression of 17 proteins were significantly down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed proteins, the vast majority of Gene Ontology enrichment terms belong to the biological process. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the 78 differentially expressed proteins significantly enriched in 45 pathways. We concluded that the function of the NET-1 gene is not only to regulate HCC but also to participate in a variety of biochemical metabolic pathways in the human body. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that the interactions of differentially expressed proteins are incredibly sophisticated. All the protein-protein interactions happened after the NET-1 gene has been silenced. Conclusions: Finally, our study also provides a useful proposal for targeted therapy based on tetraspanin proteins to treat HCC, and further mechanism investigations are needed to reveal a more detailed mechanism of action for NET-1 protein regulation of HCC.
Efficacy and Safety of Atropine to Control Myopia Progression: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Congling , Cai Chunyan , Ding Qiang , Dai Hongbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia.Methods: This work was done through the data search from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The Cochrane Handbook was also used to evaluate the quality of these included studies. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software.Results: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Myopia progression was mitigated in the atropine treatment group, with MD = -0.80, 95% CI (-0.94, -0.66). There was a statistical difference between 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1.0% atropine (P = 0.004). In addition, axial elongation was slowed, with MD = -0.26, 95% CI (-0.33, -0.18).Conclusion: The effect of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia was dose-dependent. A 0.05% atropine was most likely to be the optimal dose.
Salvianolic acid B ameliorates hepatocyte lipid droplet accumulation via stimulation of autophagy
Authors: Shi Yanan , yuan jihong , Yan Lihui , Liu Yajin , Pan Da , Mu Biao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) the most abundant bioactive member in Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been reported lots of benefits on the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles, excessive lipid droplets accumulation in liver caused fatty liver disease. In this study, we are interested in the effect of Sal B on hepatic lipid accumulation and its possible mechanism. We found Sal B treatment significantly decreased lipid accumulation and TG level in primary hepatocytes, this is the first demonstration for the effect of Sal B on lipid droplets. Meanwhile, a stimulation of Sal B on autophagy of hepatocytes was discovered, further we used autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and reveled that after administration of 3-MA Sal B showed little effect on improving hepatic lipid accumulation, this means the effects of Sal B on lipid drop depend on autophagy. This study demonstrates Sal B ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation through activation of autophagy. These findings contribute to its benefit on liver disease related to hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic autophagy.
Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: evidence for variation in gene expression of immunogenic SP15 and LeIF proteins due to bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies, Iran
Authors: Bordbar Ali , Parvizi Parviz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Main approaches of this investigation were climate regionalization to recognize the spatial distribution of cutaneous/visceral leishmaniasis (CL/VL) vectors as risk-maps using ArcGIS modeling system, evaluation of species biodiversity, assessing bio-climate (BC) effect on expression plasticity of genes possessing vaccine properties isolated from wild-collected sand flies.Methods The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was used to obtain accurate geography map using ArcGIS10.3.1 in closely-related distances. Species diversity was calculated based on Shannon diversity index using Rv.3.5.3. Expression fold change of SP15 and LeIF genes was evaluated using cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analysis. Results Three BC zone were identified in northeast of Iran. Phlebotomus papatasi were abundantly captured in all BC regions and the frequency was more in plains areas of mountainous BC as hot spots of CL. VL vectors were more prevalent in spatial cluster of Mediterranean BC. Semi-arid BC was identified as a major contributing factor to up-regulate SP15 salivary gene expression ( P =0.0050, P <0.05), and Mediterranean BC had considerable effect on up-regulation of LeIF- Leishmania gene in gravid and semi-gravid P. papatasi population ( P =0.0109, P <0.05). Conclusions The diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors associated with BC regionalization obtained in our research provide epidemiological risk maps and establish more effectively control measures against leishmaniasis. Oscillations in gene expression indicate that each gene has its own features, which are profoundly affected by bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies. It is essential to consider BC factors affecting regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci for genes used in vaccine designing.
Effects of rosuvastatin treatment on coronary artery ectasia in different patient age groups
Authors: Fan Chenghui , Hao Ying , Liu Yonghua , Li Xiaolin , Huang Zhenhao , Luo Yu , Li Ruilin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the relationship between coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) to test our hypothesis that patient age is associated with the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy in CAE. Method: We conducted a prospective analysis of 217 patients with CAE treated at the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital (Ji'an Campus), Cardiovascular Medicine of Baoshan People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 2015, to July 30, 2019. Baseline data of patients, including sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, were collected from patient medical records. Study participants were grouped by age: CAE-A (age ≤50 years); CAE-B (50 years 70). Results: All CAE patients received oral rosuvastatin therapy (10 mg, QN quaque night) and maintained good follow-up, with a loss rate of 0.0% at the 6-month follow-up. The control group (NC Group, n = 73, with normal coronary arteries) received regular symptom-relieving treatments. Among these four groups, the inflammatory markers were significantly higher in patients with CAE than in the NC Group. The inflammatory markers in the CAE-A group were higher than in the CAE-B group, which were higher than the CAE-C group. Follow-up after 6 months of rosuvastatin therapy showed a significantly greater reduction in Hs-CRP and interleukin-6 levels in the CAE-A group than the CAE-B group, which, again, were higher than the CAE-C group. Conclusions: Anti-inflammatory therapy using rosuvastatin was more effective in younger CAE patients, indicating the need for early statin therapy in CAE patients.
Biosorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous medium by Luffa Cylindrica Fibres: Application of the linear form of Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation
Authors: Aloui Amel , BOUZIANE NOUZHA , Bendjeffal Hacene , Bouhedja yacine , Zertal Abdennour 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study is focused on the removal of Dextropropoxyphene (DPP) and Paracetamol (PAR) from aqueous solutions by sorption on Luffa Cylindrica fibres, as a low-cost biosorbent, that was initially characterized using BET, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis. The sorption study has been realized by the batch method with the effect of the biosorbent amount, initial concentration, solution pH and batch temperature. The modelling of the sorption phenomenon was based on the mathematical approach of the modified Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation (RP), where the dimensionless form of this isotherm, corresponding to the optimal curve, allows the α parameter evaluation. The same value of α was obtained for both pharmaceutical compounds, while the values where 2 and 10 for DPP and PAR, respectively. The linear regression of the Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation was also confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The obtained results show that p-value is less than 0.05, with correlation coefficients (Radj2) equal to 0.9515 and 0.9283 for DPP and PAR, respectively. The kinetics modelling shows that the sorption mechanism obeys the pseudo-second-order and intraparticular diffusion. The adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous and the molecules of the two pharmaceutical products have a random behaviour on the Luffa Cylindrica active sites.
Estimation of losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy attributed to the combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older
Authors: Xiong Suting , Liu Siyuan , Qiao Yanan , He Dingliu , Zhang Yuxia , Ying Yaoyu , Ke Chaofu , Shen Yueping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to estimate the losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) due to the joint effect of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity, and further to confirm additional losses attributable to their interaction among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Methods: The National Cause of Death Monitoring Data were linked with the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A mapping and assigning method was used to estimate health utility values, which were further used to calculate QALE. Losses of QALE were measured by comparing the differences between subgroups. And all the losses of QALE were displayed at two levels: the individual and the population level.Results: At age 45, the individual-level and population-level losses of QALE (95% CI) attributed to the combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity were 7.606 (5.679, 9.566) years and 4.297 (3.425, 5.200) years. The losses (95% CI) for cognitive impairment alone were 3.104 (2.287, 3.954) years and 1.709 (1.318, 2.132) years at two levels. Similarly, the losses (95% CI) for multimorbidity alone were 3.526 (2.528, 4.556) years and 1.914 (1.235, 2.625) years at two levels. Additional losses due to their interaction were indicated by the 0.976 years of the individual-level gap and 0.674 years of the population-level gap. Conclusion: Among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese, cognitive impairment and multimorbidity resulted in much losses of QALE, and additional QALE losses were seen due to their interaction at both individual and population levels.
A performant bridge between fixed-size and variable-size seeding
Authors: Kutzner Arne , Kim Pok-Son , Schmidt Markus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Seeding is usually the initial step of high-throughput sequence aligners. Two popular seeding strategies are fixed-size seeding (k-mers, minimizers) and variable-size seeding (MEMs, SMEMs, maximal spanning seeds). The former strategy supports fast seed computation, while the latter one benefits from a high seed entropy. Algorithmic bridges between instances of both seeding strategies are of interest for combining their respective advantages. Results We introduce an efficient strategy for computing MEMs out of fixed-size seeds (k-mers or minimizers). In contrast to previously proposed extend-purge strategies, our merge-extend strategy prevents the creation and filtering of duplicate MEMs. Further, we describe techniques for extracting SMEMs or maximal spanning seeds out of MEMs. A comprehensive benchmarking shows the applicability, strengths, shortcomings and computational requirements of all discussed seeding techniques. Additionally, we report the effects of seed occurrence filters in the context of these techniques. Aside from our novel algorithmic approaches, we analyze hierarchies within fixed-size and variable-size seeding along with a mapping between instances of both seeding strategies. Conclusion Benchmarking shows that our proposed merge-extend strategy for MEM computation outperforms previous extend-purge strategies in the context of PacBio reads. The observed superiority grows with increasing read size and read quality. Further, the presented filters for extracting SMEMs or maximal spanning seeds out of MEMs outperform FMD-index based extension techniques. All code used for benchmarking is available via GitHub at https://github.com/ITBE-Lab/seed-evaluation.