bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Sampling of Enzymes from Live Cells by Localized Electroporation and Quantification of Activity by SAMDI Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mukherjee Prithvijit , Berns Eric J. , Patino Cesar A. , Hakim Moully Elamar , Chang Lingqian , Nathamgari S. Shiva P. , Kessler John A. , Mrksich Milan , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeasuring changes in enzymatic activity over time from small numbers of cells remains a significant technical challenge. In this work, a method for sampling the cytoplasm of cells is introduced to extract enzymes and measure their activity at multiple time points. A microfluidic device, termed the live cell analysis device (LCAD), is designed, where cells are cultured in microwell arrays fabricated on polymer membranes containing nanochannels. Localized electroporation of the cells opens transient pores in the cell membrane at the interface with the nanochannels, enabling extraction of enzymes into nanoliter‐volume chambers. In the extraction chambers, the enzymes modify immobilized substrates, and their activity is quantified by self‐assembled monolayers for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SAMDI) mass spectrometry. By employing the LCAD‐SAMDI platform, protein delivery into cells is demonstrated. Next, it is shown that enzymes can be extracted, and their activity measured without a loss in viability. Lastly, cells are sampled at multiple time points to study changes in phosphatase activity in response to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. With this unique sampling device and label‐free assay format, the LCAD with SAMDI enables a powerful new method for monitoring the dynamics of cellular activity from small populations of cells.
The NHx Group Induced Formation of 3D α‐Co(OH)2 Curly Nanosheet Aggregates as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yang Chenxi , Li Zhimin , Liang Zuozhong , Cao Guozhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, the curly structure attracts researchers' attention due to the strain effect, electronic effect, and improved surface area, which exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity. However, the synthesis of metastable curved structures is very difficult. Herein, a simple room temperature coprecipitation method is proposed to synthesize 3D cobalt (Co) hydroxide (α‐Co(OH)2) electrocatalysts that consist of curly 2D nanosheets. The formation process of curly nanosheets is elaborated systematically and the results demonstrate that the NHx group has great effect on the formation of curly structure. Combining the advantage of 2D curly nanosheet and 3D aggregate structure, the as‐prepared α‐Co(OH)2 curly nanosheet aggregates show the best water oxidation activity with an overpotential of 269 mV at j = 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. The electrocatalytic process studies demonstrate that the formation of CoIVO species is the rate‐determining step. Theoretical calculations further confirm the beneficial effect of the bent structure on the conductivity, the adsorption of OH− and the formation of OOH* species.
Metal‐organic framework‐based cancer theranostic nanoplatforms
Authors: Yang Jie , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of imaging technologies provides a visual diagnostic tool for scientists and surgeons to comprehensively and accurately understand the pathogenesis and pathological processes of complicated diseases, especially cancer. Theranostic platforms integrating various imaging technologies and treatment strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) – an emerging porous organic‐inorganic hybrid material composed of metal ions/ion clusters as nodes and organic ligands as linkers bridged by coordination bonds – have been widely used as intelligent carriers for cancer theranostics in recent years due to their fascinating properties, including facile synthesis, diverse compositions, high surface areas and porosities, tailorable sizes, multiple physicochemical properties, easy surface functionalization, and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advanced developments and achievements of MOFs as smart theranostic platforms for effective cancer diagnosis and treatment guided by monomodal imaging technologies, including optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, and photoacoustic imaging, and multimodal imaging technologies. Moreover, the development prospects and critical challenges of MOFs for cancer theranostics are also addressed.
Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Haemophilus parasuis in tissue samples
Authors: Han Qiaoyi , Wang Jinfeng , Li Ruiwen , Han Qingan , Yuan Wanzhe , Wang Jianchang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHaemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in swine, which associates with severe economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification assay (real‐time RPA) was developed for direct and rapid detection of H. parasuis basing on the translation‐initiation factor IF2 (infB) gene. The assay was performed successfully at 39°C for 20 min in Genie III, which is portable and chargeable by battery. The developed assay was highly specific for H. parasuis, and the limit of detection of the assay was 6.0 × 103 fg of H. parasuis genomic DNA, which was the same as that of a real‐time PCR developed previously. The assay was further evaluated on 68 pig tissue samples, and 18 (26.5%), 20 (29.4%), and 8 (11.8%) samples were positive for H. parasuis by the real‐time RPA, real‐time PCR and bacterial isolation, respectively. With the bacteria isolation as the reference method, the real‐time RPA showed a diagnostic specificity of 83.33% and a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%. The above data demonstrated the well‐potentiality and usefulness of the developed real‐time RPA assay in reliable diagnosis of swine Glässer's disease, especially in resource limited settings.
Movement Ecology of Spring Wild Turkey Hunters on Public Lands in South Carolina, USA
Authors: Gerrits Alaina P. , Wightman Patrick H. , Cantrell Jay R. , Ruth Charles , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo spp., hereafter turkey) are the second most pursued big game species in the United States. Turkey hunting occurs primarily during spring, and on publicly owned lands managers often monitor hunter numbers and harvest as components of managing hunter opportunity and satisfaction. Contemporary research has shown that hunting activity on public lands can influence male turkey behavior; hence, research detailing hunter behaviors is needed to better support informed management. We allocated 1,500 Global Positioning System units to hunters pursuing male turkeys during the spring hunting seasons of 2014–2018 on the Webb Wildlife Management Area Complex in South Carolina, USA. Mean number of unique hunting bouts per hunter per day was 2 (SE = 0.03, range = 1–8), whereas average time spent hunting was 230.1 minutes (SE = 4.6, range = 11.3–872.6)/hunter/day. Hunting effort was focused during the first half of hunting season, with 70.2% of the total time spent hunting occurring during the first 2 weeks of the season (~1–15 Apr). Mean distance a hunter traveled was 2,171 m (SE = 38.1, range = 10–20,685)/hunting bout. Almost 90% of hunting activity occurred between 0500 and 1200, 76% occurred before 1000. Access to roads appeared to be the primary driver of hunter movements, with 40.1% of all hunter locations <25 m from the nearest main or secondary road. On average, hunters were 480 m (SE = 0.5, range = 0–2,132) from main roads that allowed vehicle traffic, but only 123 m (SE = 0.3, range = 0–1,990) from secondary roads allowing only foot traffic. Hunters spent 54.3% of hunting bouts actively hunting and 45.7% stationary. The amount of time spent active decreased as the hunting season progressed. Hunter effort decreased significantly as the hunting season progressed, indicated by a decline in numbers of hunters and total time spent hunting. Understanding how and when turkey hunters move about the landscape is important for effectively managing hunting access and opportunity on public hunting lands. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Rural Destination Areas: Impacts and Practices
Authors: Nori Michele , Farinella Domenica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this chapter we provide a framework to assess and analyse ongoing rural migration dynamics from the perspective of areas of destination, with a view to answer to the following questions: What are the impacts on the local economy and society? Which are the practices, programs and policies that underpin the presence and integration of migration? What is recent experience revealing on these matters?
Psoriasis und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Stephan B. , Augustin M. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie kürzlich erweiterte Zulassung von einigen TNF(Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor)-α-Blockern zur Therapie mittelschwer bis schwer ausgeprägter Psoriasis in der Schwangerschaft hat die zulassungskonforme Therapie dieser Patientinnengruppe erleichtert. Es existieren bisher keine evidenzbasierten strukturierten Therapieempfehlungen für diese Psoriasispatientinnen, sodass die Unsicherheiten der Behandler zumeist in individuellen Entscheidungen münden. Wir haben aufgrund unserer klinischen Erfahrungen und der aktuell gültigen Zulassungen der Systemtherapeutika einen Therapiealgorithmus entwickelt, der eine interdisziplinäre strukturierte Vorgehensweise in der Beratung und Begleitung psoriasiserkrankter schwangerer Patientinnen ermöglicht. Das bedeutet, dass transparente Entscheidungen für die mitbehandelnden Kollegen anderer Disziplinen, insbesondere der Gynäkologie, getroffen werden können.
A multi-scale model for diffusion of large molecules in steam-exploded wood
Authors: Kvist Patric , Gebäck Tobias , Rasmuson Anders 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, multi-scale modeling was used to resolve diffusion in steam-exploded wood at tracheid scales including sub-micrometer features of bordered pits. Simulations were performed using the lattice Boltzmann method with high-resolution X-ray tomography image data as the input for the microstructure. The results show an effective method for utilizing a variable diffusion coefficient to implement two length scales. This circumvents the need to resolve the bordered pits in detail, which requires massive computing power. Instead, the effective diffusion coefficient for one bordered pit is used as input for this model. Results based on the present model are comparable to experimental data. This methodology can be extended to more structural features at the microscale of wood, such as latewood and the cell wall. Obtaining a map of different diffusion coefficients based on features and scale gives a better overall understanding of diffusion and the importance of mass transport with regard to the pretreatment of wood.
First in situ observation of Cephalopoda at hadal depths (Octopoda: Opisthoteuthidae: Grimpoteuthis sp.)
Authors: Jamieson Alan J. , Vecchione Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Cephalopoda are not typically considered characteristic of the benthic fauna at hadal depths (depths exceeding 6000 m), yet occasional open-net trawl samples have implied that they might be present to ~ 8000 m deep. Previous in situ photographic evidence has placed the deepest cephalopod at 5145 m. The discrepancies between the two have meant that the maximum depth for cephalopods has gone unresolved. In this study we report on unequivocal sightings, by HD video lander, of a cephalopod at hadal depths. The demersal cirrate octopod Grimpoteuthis sp. was observed at both 5760 and 6957 m in the Indian Ocean. These observations extend the known maximum depth range for cephalopods by 1812 m and increase the potential benthic habitat available to cephalopods from 75 to 99% of the global seafloor.
Pathologie der Mamillenregion
Authors: Gutjahr Ewgenija , Streng Agathe , Aulmann Sebastian , Flechtenmacher Christa , Toberer Ferdinand , Heil Jörg , Böcker Werner , Sinn Peter 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Mamillen-Areola-Komplex ist Ausgangspunkt verschiedener morphologisch eigenständiger Tumoren und tumorartiger Veränderungen, die sich von den besonderen Strukturen der Mamille, insbesondere den intramamillären Milchgängen, den Anhangsgebilden und dem intramamillären Stroma ableiten lassen. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei epitheliale Tumoren gutartigen Verhaltens wie das Mamillenadenom und der syringomatöse Tumor der Mamille. Seltener sind benigne mesenchymale Tumoren wie das Leiomyom der Mamille und tumorartige Veränderungen wie das Pseudolymphom der Mamillenregion. Bei den Überschussbildungen der Mamille sind die verschiedenen Formen der Polythelie und der Polymastie zu berücksichtigen.
Neue Techniken zur Quantifizierung des Farbsinns bei Störungen der Zapfenfunktion
Authors: Huchzermeyer Cord , Fars Julien , Stöhr Heidi , Kremers Jan 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Erbliche Netzhauterkrankungen mit Zapfendysfunktion können trotz relativ unauffälligem Fundusbefund ausgeprägte Visusminderung und deutliche Farbsinnstörungen aufweisen. Beispiele hierfür sind die autosomal-dominante okkulte Makuladystrophie (RP1L1-Gen) und die X‑chromosomale Retinitis pigmentosa (RPGR-Gen) – Letztere auch bei heterozygoten, weiblichen Merkmalsträgerinnen (Konduktorinnen). Neue Untersuchungsmethoden erlauben es, das Ausmaß der Farbsinnstörung zu quantifizieren.

Methoden
Nach einer umfangreichen klinischen Untersuchung führten wir Messungen zur Quantifizierung der Farbdiskriminierung und der Zapfenfunktion durch. Beim Cambridge-Color-Test werden pseudoisochromatische Tafeln mit Landolt-C-Figuren computergesteuert generiert, um die Farbunterscheidungsschwelle entlang mehrerer Achsen im Farbraum zu bestimmen. Bei der Untersuchung der photorezeptorspezifischen zeitlichen Kontrastempfindlichkeit kann durch geschickte zyklische Veränderung der spektralen Zusammensetzung eines Lichtreizes die Kontrastwahrnehmungsschwelle isolierter Photorezeptortypen bestimmt werden. Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik erfolgte mithilfe von Next Generation Sequencing(NGS)-basierter gezielter Genpanelanalyse sowie Sanger-Sequenzierung.

Ergebnisse
Bei 2 Patienten mit okkulter Makuladystrophie und 2 heterozygoten Trägerinnen von RPGR-Mutationen zeigten sich eine deutlich verminderte Fähigkeit zur Farbdiskriminierung und eine verminderte photorezeptorspezifische zeitliche Kontrastempfindlichkeit.

Diskussion
Bei erblichen Netzhauterkrankungen sind neben den modernen bildgebenden Verfahren (okuläre Kohärenztomographie [OCT] und Fundusautofluoreszenz) auch die sinnesphysiologischen Untersuchungen diagnostisch wegweisend – der Nachweis von Farbsinnstörungen spielt hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Neuere Methoden erlauben eine Quantifizierung der Farbsinnstörungen und könnten in klinischen Studien zu gen- und stammzellbasierter Therapie zur Messung des Therapieerfolges dienen.
Nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestion of food waste: impacts of digestate on plant growth and rhizosphere bacterial community composition and potential function in ryegrass
Authors: Ren Ai-Tian , Abbott Lynette K. , Chen Yinglong , Xiong You-Cai , Mickan Bede S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobal food wastage equates to about 1.3 billion tons per year, which causes serious environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of addition of digestate from food waste in comparison to a synthetic liquid urea ammonium nitrate solution on plant growth, rhizosphere bacterial community composition and diversity, and hyphal abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Plant and soil samples were collected at 25, 50, and 75 days after seedling emergence. Annual ryegrass growth was significantly increased by both liquid urea ammonium nitrate and digestate, and digestate was just as effective as liquid urea ammonium nitrate. Additionally, digestate (50 kg N ha−1) significantly increased AM fungal hyphae density. Liquid urea ammonium nitrate (50 kg N ha−1) significantly decreased AM fungal hyphae density compared with liquid urea ammonium nitrate (25 kg N ha−1) at DAE 75. Digestate and liquid urea ammonium nitrate applications significantly shifted the bacterial community composition and OTU richness and changed the abundance of microbial C and N-cycling genes, while application rates had no significant effect. Structural equation modeling showed that digestate and UAN addition both directly and indirectly affected bacterial, C and N cycling genes community composition; the indirect effects were related to increased soil NO3− content and reduced pH. This study showed that the use of digestate as a soil amendment can be environmentally effective and can provide a sustainable supply of nutrients that increases soil organic C. Moreover, the use of digestate can readily be incorporated into agricultural practices with potentially less impact on soil microflora diversity and function than conventional fertilizers.
Left-lateral thoracotomy for catheter ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia in patients with inaccessible pericardial access
Authors: Zhang Peng-Pai , Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Mathew Shibu , Fink Thomas , Reissmann Bruno , Lemeš Christine , Maurer Tilman , Santoro Francesco , Huang YingHao , Riedl Johannes , Schmoeckel Michael , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Ouyang Feifan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to describe the feasibility of a surgical left thoracotomy for catheter ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with inaccessible pericardial access.BackgroundPericardial adhesion due to prior cardiac surgery or previous epicardial ablation procedures limits epicardial access in patients with drug-refractory VT originated from the epicardium.MethodsSix patients who underwent a surgical left lateral thoracotomy epicardial access for catheter ablation of VT after failed subxiphoid percutaneous epicardial access were reviewed. Patients’ baseline characteristics and procedural characteristics including epicardial access, mapping, and ablation were described. Epicardial access was successfully obtained in all patients by a surgical left lateral thoracotomy.ResultsThe reasons of pericardial adhesion were prior cardiac surgery (n = 3, 50%) and previous epicardial ablation procedures (n = 3, 50%). Epicardial mapping of the lateral and inferior left ventricle was acquired, and a total of 15 different VTs originated from those regions were abolished. Unless one patient with ST elevation myocardial infarction due to periprocedural occlusion of the posterior descending artery no further complications occurred. All patients were discharged 10.2 ± 4 days after the procedure. VT recurred in 1 patient (17%) and was controlled with oral amiodarone therapy during follow-up (median follow-up: 479 days).ConclusionsA surgical left lateral thoracotomy is feasible and safe for selected patients. This approach provides epicardial ablation in patients with VT located at the infero-lateral left ventricle and pericardial adhesions due to previous cardiac surgery or previous ablation procedures.Graphic abstract
First episode psychosis: register-based study of comorbid psychiatric disorders and medications before and after
Authors: Strålin Pontus , Hetta Jerker 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComorbid psychiatric disorders are common in first episode psychosis. We investigated comorbid disorders before, at, and after a first hospital-treated psychosis in a naturalistic nation-wide cohort (n = 2091) with a first psychosis hospitalization between 2007 and 2011, and at ages between 16 and 25. Swedish population registers were used to identify the cohort and to collect data on diagnoses at hospitalizations and medications. The proportions of cases with hospitalizations or medications increased year by year before and decreased in the years after the first psychosis hospitalization. In the 2 years before, 30% had hospitalizations with other psychiatric diagnoses and 60% had psychiatric medications. At the first psychosis hospitalization, 46% had other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses or self-harm. In the 2 years before or at the first psychosis hospitalization, 17% had anxiety or stress disorders at hospitalizations, 12% depressive disorders, 5.4% manic or bipolar disorders, 8.6% personality disorders, 26% substance use disorders, and 15% neurodevelopmental disorders. 8.2% had hospitalizations for self-harm. At most, around 30% of the cases were estimated not to have had any comorbid psychiatric disorders before or at the first psychosis presentation. Early comorbid affective, anxiety or personality disorders or self-harm were associated with a worse outcome, as measured by new psychiatric hospitalizations. The outcome was worst for personality disorders with 73% re-hospitalizations within 1 year and for patients with self-harm with 70% re-hospitalizations. In conclusion, most cases with a first psychosis hospitalization had clinical presentations indicating comorbid psychiatric disorders. Cases with comorbidity had a higher risk for re-hospitalizations.
Upbeat vertical nystagmus after brain stem cavernoma resection: a rare case of nucleus intercalatus/nucleus of roller injury
Authors: Meling Torstein R. , Nouri Aria , May Adrien , Guinand Nils , Vargas Maria Isabel , Destrieux Christophe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
CNS cavernomas are a type of raspberry-shaped vascular malformations that are typically asymptomatic, but can result in haemorrhage, neurological injury, and seizures. Here, we present a rare case of a brainstem cavernoma that was surgically resected whereafter an upbeat nystagmus presented postoperatively.

Case report
A 42-year old man presented with sudden-onset nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision, marked imbalance and difficulty swallowing. Neurological evaluation showed bilateral ataxia, generalized hyperreflexia with left-sided predominance, predominantly horizontal gaze evoked nystagmus on right and left gaze, slight left labial asymmetry, uvula deviation to the right, and tongue deviation to the left. MRI demonstrated a 13-mm cavernoma with haemorrhage and oedema in the medulla oblongata. Surgery was performed via a minimal-invasive, midline approach. Complete excision was confirmed on postoperative MRI. The patient recovered well and became almost neurologically intact. However, he complained of mainly vertical oscillopsia. The videonystagmography revealed a new-onset spontaneous upbeat nystagmus in all gaze directions, not suppressed by fixation. An injury of the rarely described intercalatus nucleus/nucleus of Roller is thought to be the cause.

Conclusion
Upbeat nystagmus can be related to several lesions of the brainstem, including the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the pons, and the dorsal medulla. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an iatrogenic lesion of the nucleus intercalatus/nucleus of Roller resulting in an upbeat vertical nystagmus. For neurologists, it is important to be aware of the function of this nucleus for assessment of clinical manifestations due to lesions within this region.