bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Cohort Observational Study on the Single Best Perforator-Based Pacman Flap in the Reconstruction of Stage IV Sacral Region Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Balakrishnan T. M. , Mariappan Basker Kanagaraj , Jaganmohan J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Single best perforator-based Pacman flap (SBPBPF) fortifies the advancement and transposition flap biogeometry principles with robust blood supply of perforator flaps to provide cover for the sacral pressure sore of any dimension. This article describes the biogeometry and technique of raising the SBPBPF.
Aim To assess the outcomes of reconstruction of stage IV sacral pressure sore using the SBPBPF.
Materials and Methods A preliminary cadaver study was done in 24 gluteal specimens in fresh cadavers to determine the anatomical details of perforators of the perisacral region. From 2015 to 2017, 42 myelopathic patients (40 males and 2 females; quadriparetic n = 2 and paraplegic/paraparetic n = 40) underwent SBPBPF reconstruction of stage IV sacral pressure sore. Their documents were analyzed in this retrospective study. All were followed-up for an average period of 12.5 months.
Results Cadaver study revealed significant perforators arising from seven different source vessels in the perisacral region. In the clinical study, average size of the paddle harvested was 168 cm2 on a single best perforator. On an average, the size of the single best perforator harvested with the flap was 1.5 mm. None had early failures of flaps. Thirty-nine patients had well-settled flaps at the end of follow-up period except three (7%) who developed late recurrence due to loss of compliance with offloading instructions. Two experienced mild collections (flap complication rate was 4.76%) in the immediate postoperative period that healed uneventfully. The overall complication rate was 11.9%.
Conclusion SBPBPF is an excellent addendum to reconstructive tool for stage IV sacral pressure sores.
A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout system inAspergillus luchuensismut.kawachii
Authors: Kadooka Chihiro , Yamaguchi Masaaki , Okutsu Kayu , Yoshizaki Yumiko , Takamine Kazunori , Katayama Takuya , Maruyama Jun-Ichi , Tamaki Hisanori , Futagami Taiki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed an approach to genome editing of the white koji fungus, Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. Co-transformation of AMA1-based Cas9 and gRNA expression plasmids achieved efficient gene knockout in A. kawachii. The plasmids were easily lost when selective pressure was removed, allowing for successive rounds of genome editing.
ClC-2 inhibition prevents macrophage foam cell formation by suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Ding Wenyuan , Li Jiamin , Wang Lili , Zhang Mingming , Zheng Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation are a pathological hallmark of atherosclerosis. ClC-2 has been implicated in various pathological processes, including inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder. However, the functional role of ClC-2 in macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation is unclear. Here, we found that ClC-2 was dominantly expressed in macrophages of atherosclerotic plaque and increased in atherogenesis. Knockdown of ClC-2 inhibited ox-LDL -induced lipid uptake and deposition in macrophages. The increase in CD36 expression and the decrease in ABCA1 expression induced by ox-LDL were alleviated by ClC-2 downregulation. Further, ClC-2 lacking limited the ox-LDL-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine, and suppressed Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Restoration of Nlrp3 expression reversed the effect of ClC-2 downregulation on macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that ClC-2 knockdown ameliorates ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation by inhibiting Nlrp3 inflammasome activation.
24‐hour movement behaviour and executive function in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis
Authors: Bezerra Thaynã Alves , Clark Cain Craig Truman , Souza Filho Anastácio Neco De , Fortes Leonardo De Souza , Mota Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva , Duncan Michael Joseph , Martins Clarice Maria De Lucena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdherence to healthy behaviours promotes several health benefits in preschool children, including executive function (EF). Recently, the predictive power of the 24‐hour movement behaviour (24 h MB) composition on health outcomes has been evidenced; however, its relationship with EF in preschoolers is unknown. Thus, the present study had two objectives: (1) to analyse the associations between the 24 h MB composition and EF of preschoolers; and (2) to investigate the theoretical changes in EF when time in different movement behaviours is reallocated. This cross‐sectional study was carried out with 123 preschoolers (3–5 years old) of low socioeconomic status. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour were assessed using an accelerometer for 7 days, sleep time was obtained through interviews with parents, and EF was measured using the Early Tool Box battery. To verify the association between 24 h MB and EF, compositional data analysis was used, and for time reallocation, compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was utilized. It was observed that the 24 h MB composition was positively associated with EF (p<. 0001;R² = 0.34), and that reallocating 5, 10, 15 or 20 min of the time spent on sleep and light PA to moderate‐to‐vigorous PA, respectively, was associated with significant improvements in EF (p< .05). These findings provide hitherto unseen insight into the relationship between 24 h MB and EF in preschool children, and warrants consideration for researchers and practitioners seeking to improve EF and PA in preschool children.
A method for assessing the uncertainty of a secondary dynamic pressure standard using shock tube
Authors: Sarraf Christophe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pressures are often measured in fast transient regimes, even if the transducers are not calibrated in dynamic regimes. If the solutions proposed for primary calibration of the dynamic response of pressure sensors must be fully recognised, secondary methods are also needed to disseminate the standard to final users. A method for assessing measurement uncertainty, carried out by comparison with a reference transducer, traceable to primary standard, is proposed here. A typical application is gas pressure measurement. This paper follows and supplements the work done on the Mach number method in 2018. For this work the reference transducer is calibrated by the ‘collective standard method’ currently used in the ‘Laboratoire de Métrologie Dynamique’( LNE/ENSAM). This primary standard uses steps of pressure as inputs for dynamic pressure calibration that are generated by shock tubes (STs) and fast-opening devices (FODs). The uncertainty on dynamic sensitivity is evaluated from the quasi-static to the low, medium and high-frequency range (up to 10 kHz) using bandwidth comparisons. To calibrate a secondary standard transducer in gas, the method also requires one or two step generators: an ST for high-frequency range calibration and a FOD for the low-frequency range. Concerning the main results of this paper, the transducer to be calibrated and the reference transducer are placed symmetrically on the endplate of an ST. The amplitude of the pressure step generated by the tube is used to excite the transducers. Finally, the uncertainty on the sensitivity in dynamic conditions is determined by comparison with a model expected to be exhaustive. The results are provided as an uncertainty budget assigned frequency by frequency. The question asked in this work concerns the measurand used in secondary calibration: can a pressure step generated by a non-ideal ST be used in the process of calibration by comparison, i.e. for a secondary dynamic calibration? A method is proposed. Since the secondary method is derived directly from the primary one, this paper recaps the primary dynamic calibration method in gas and the budget of the associated uncertainty. Then the paper presents a secondary method and options to overcome the principal default identified in the ST frequency range, namely
the non-uniform pressure fields existing in the tube.
Design, analysis and prototyping of a magnetic energy-harvesting suspension for vehicles
Authors: Zhou Ran , Sun Feng , Yan Mingyin , Jin Junjie , Li Qiang , Xu Fangchao , Zhang Xiaoyou , Nakano Kimihiko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With the development of electric vehicles, the energy harvesters of vehicle’s suspensions have been widely investigated. However, most of the existing energy harvesters have replaced the original damper of the suspensions, which reduces vehicle safety. This paper proposes a magnetic energy-harvesting suspension (MEHS) for vehicles, with the advantages of high vehicle safety and a compact structure, which consists of a passive suspension and a harvester. In this paper, the working principle and the structure of the MEHS are introduced. To better analyze the magnetic field, the magnetic flux circuit model is established by combining the magnetic field division method with the magnetic equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, a dynamic model for a two-degree-of-freedom quarter-vehicle with the MEHS is built to analyze the energy-harvesting characteristics and the damping characteristics. A prototype of the quarter-vehicle that is considering the tire stiffness, is designed and manufactured, and the performances are investigated by simulations and experiments with different frequencies, external resistances and amplitudes. The experimental results indicate that the harvested peak power of the MEHS is 1.08 W with a sinusoidal input of 10 Hz and 2 mm. Moreover, the maximum energy-harvesting efficiency of the prototype reaches 67% at the sinusoidal input of 6 Hz and 2 mm. The harvested energy of the MEHS can power some electrical equipment of vehicles.
Long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainers for seismic protection of bridges
Authors: Cao Sasa , Ozbulut Osman E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To prevent unseating failures and pounding problems in simply supported bridges, steel restrainers that can limit relative displacements of adjacent spans have commonly been used. This study proposes a shape memory alloy (SMA)-based restrainer that can serve as both energy dissipater and restrainer under cyclic tension and compression loading. The proposed device named as, long-stroke SMA restrainer (LSR), consists of a superelastic SMA bar, a steel tube, and a filler material. The SMA bar provides re-centering force and dissipates energy, while steel tube and the infill material prevent buckling of SMA bar under compression. Taking advantages of large strain capacity of SMAs, the LSRs are designed to accommodate large displacement demands for bridge restrainers. The mechanical response of NiTi SMA bars with a diameter of 12 mm was first studied through uniaxial tension and compression testing. Buckling and post-buckling response of the SMA bars were also characterized. Then, a high-fidelity finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to represent the behavior of SMA bars. Next, the buckling mechanism of proposed LSR was studied through FE simulations and a design methodology for the LSR was developed to prevent buckling. Results shows that the LSR can exhibit stable energy dissipation capabilities with excellent self-centering ability both under tension and compression loading and can serve as an effective restrainer in simply supported bridge structures.
A polycaprolactone/polydopamine nanocomposite with sunlight-induced shape memory effect and solid state plasticity
Authors: Tian Guangming , Zhu Guangming , Xu Shuogui , Pan Longkai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A facile photo-cured polycaprolactone (PCL)/polydopamine (PDA) nanocomposite is prepared via thiol-ene reaction. Owing to favorable light-to-thermal transfer of doped polydopamine nanoparticles (PDAPs) in composites, active photo-thermal actuation of the composite is achieved when subjected to simulated sunlight irradiation, the effects of sunlight intensity and PDAPs concentration on the composite’s surface temperature are studied systematically. Solid state plasticity is also achieved by activating the dynamic transesterification reaction within the same polymer network. More importantly, the composite also features sunlight-induced plasticity under a light intensity of 960 mW cm−2. Macroscopically, the flat permanent shape can be reconfigured to a new 3D permanent shape via simulated sunlight, and the reconfigured shape still exhibits excellent elasticity-based shape memory behaviors even after seven cycles of testing. Based on these special properties, the PCL/PDAPs composite is further used in the field of electronic devices. It is expected that the design of PCL-PDAPs composite can pave a simple pathway for the simplification of complex shapes and can be extended to fabricate light-operated actuators.
Bi-SQUID: design for applications
Authors: Kornev Victor K , Kolotinskiy Nikolay V , Mukhanov Oleg A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A review of the theory of bi-SQUIDs and the experimental studies of bi-SQUID-based devices is presented. The reported output voltage linearity of the fabricated devices (

∼

40 to 45 dB) is much higher than that observed for dc SQUIDs (

∼

20 dB). Recent numerical simulation evidence indicates that the linearity can be further improved to at least 60 to 70 dB. Results from a wide, multi-parameter optimization analysis are considered in the form of parameter domains for the voltage-response linearity. Thermal–noise influence, load impact and interfacing requirements are examined. Potential applications of the devices are discussed.
Monitoring atmospheric composition and air quality using commercial aircraft - IAGOS
Authors: Clark H L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) is a European Research Infrastructure for global observations of atmospheric composition using commercial aircraft. Commercial aircraft are ideal platforms for providing long-term in-situ measurements with high vertical and temporal resolution, particularly at cruise altitude (between 9 and 13 km) in the climate-sensitive region of the atmosphere known as the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). IAGOS also provides landing and take-off profiles at almost 300 airports throughout the world which are of major interest for air quality issues. Fully automated instruments are permanently installed on Airbus A330 aircraft operated by different airlines. Data are collected on about 500 flights per aircraft per year. All the aircraft measure the abundances of many essential climate variables, chiefly ozone and the precursor carbon monoxide, water vapour, clouds and meteorological parameters. Additional instruments can be installed to measure either total odd nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, aerosols, or the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. The data are transmitted in near to real real time to weather services and are freely available for the scientific community, national air quality prediction centres and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). We describe the importance of these measurements in the monitoring of global atmospheric composition and air quality. In particular, we show examples from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) where IAGOS data are used in the evaluation and improvement of forecasts of air quality over Europe.
Flipping exciton angular momentum with chiral phonons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers
Authors: Delhomme A , Vaclavkova D , Slobodeniuk A , Orlita M , Potemski M , Basko D M , Watanabe K , Taniguchi T , Mauro D , Barreteau C , Giannini E , Morpurgo A F , Ubrig N , Faugeras C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optical selection rules in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides and of their heterostructures are determined by the conservation of the z-component of the total angular momentum—J
Z
= L
Z
+S
Z
– associated with the C3 rotational lattice symmetry which assumes half integer values corresponding, modulo 3, to distinct states. Here we show, based on polarization resolved and low temperature magneto-optical spectroscopy experiments, that the conservation of the total angular momentum in these systems leads to a very efficient exciton-phonon interaction when the coupling is mediated through chiral phonons. We identify these phonons as the Γ point E” modes which despite carrying angular momentum ± 1 are able to induce an excitonic spin-flip of

∓
2

thanks to the C3 symmetry. These experiments reveal the crucial role of electron-phonon interaction in the carrier dynamics of group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides.
Preparation of tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl bridged-bonding perfluoroalkyl phenylethyltrichlorosilane and its application on fabric finishing
Authors: Chang Guangtao , Chen Lei , Li Zhanxiong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, one novel perfluoroalkyl silane with tetrafluoro-λ
6-sulfanyl bridging group named 4-(Tridecafluorohexyl sulfur tetrafluoride) Phenylethyl trichlorosilane (PFSTS) was successfully synthesized via fluorination and hydrosilylation. The structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR Then, the product and the control subject 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) were finished onto PET fabrics through the method of dip-and-pad. The wettabilities of the treated PET fabrics were characterized by Water Contact Angles (WCA) and surface free energies measurements. X-ray Photo electron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to validate the attachment, together with the chemical composition of the polymers on the surface of treated PET fabrics. The WCAs of PFOTS@PET and PFSTS@PET were 142.2°, 137.3°, while the WCA of untreated PET fabrics is 120° in general, indicating that PFTOS and PFSTS can provide good hydrophobicity by finishing PET fabrics. After the 48 h exposure to accelerated agingUV irradiation, sample of PFSTS@PET show a decreased CA value by 12.5% from 137.3° to 120.1°, while for sample of PFOTS@PET, the percentage of reductionis only 2.8%. It was found that the perfluoroalkyl trichlorosilane that containing –SF4– bridged group exhibited excellent water-repellency properties and had higher potential to UV degrade as possessing weak bond energy of C–S bond, so the PFSTS might act as an eco-friendly alternative to carbon-chain perfluoroalkyl derivatives in water-repellency areas.
Formation of EMT/FAU intergrowth and nanosized SOD zeolites from synthesis gel of zeolite NaX containing ethanol
Authors: Jantarit Nawee , Tayraukham Pimwipa , Osakoo Nattawut , Föttinger Karin , Wittayakun Jatuporn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ethanol can serve as an organic additive in zeolite synthesis due to the ease of availability and simple removal. It can influence the crystallization leading to zeolites with different phases and morphology. This study explores the effect of partial displacement of water in the synthesis gel of zeolite NaX by various amounts of ethanol. With one-pot synthesis, the gels with different ethanol/water molar ratios are crystallized 90 °C for 18 h under a static condition. The products are characterized by several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), nitrogen sorption analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ethanol/water molar ratio of 0.045 produces EMT/FAU intergrowth with a hollow structure and undefined shapes. The ratios of 0.412 and 0.628 give the aggregates of nanocrystalline SOD zeolite. Moreover, the molar ratios of 0.101, 0.174 and 0.273 provide a mixture of the three phases. All zeolite products contain both intrinsic micropores and interparticle mesopores. The higher ethanol/water molar ratio in the gel produces the zeolites with the lower Si/Al ratio due to the higher Al incorporation in the zeolite structure. In summary, we demonstrate alternative template-free approaches to synthesize EMT/FAU intergrowth and nanosized SOD zeolite with short crystallization time and low crystallization temperature. The finding is an example of ethanol influence on the crystallization to control the phase and morphology of zeolite.
Biofabricated SnO2nanoparticles using Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) extract and the study on photocatalytic and electrochemical sensing activity
Authors: Wicaksono Wiyogo Prio , Sahroni Imam , Saba Annisa Khafiya , Rahman Ristianto , Fatimah Is 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiofabrication of SnO2nanoparticles (SnO2NPs) usingAmaranthus tricolor L.) extract has been conducted. Synthesis of the nanoparticles was conducted by refluxing tin chloride dihydrate as SnO2precursor followed by calcination at 400 °C. The formation of SnO2NPs was identified from UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis and particle size analyzer. The resulting materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and diffuse reflectance UV-Visible (UV-DRS). Photocatalytic evaluation of SnO2NPs was carried out in a photodegradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) under photocatalytic and photooxidation mechanism with the presence of H2O2. Physicochemical analyses confirm the formation of SnO2NPs providing the capability to act as photoactive material. The photocatalytic activity studied by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the superior activity of the nanoparticles for decomposition of BPB. The decomposition rate of BPB under photooxidation mechanism is higher than of photocatalysis mechanism. Both mechanisms obey pseudo-second order kinetics and the decomposition was identified from the shifted spectra of treated solution. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensing activity for the detection of heavy metal Hg2+showed an increasing of sensitivity and feasibility of the SnO2/Au electrode compared to the bare Au with the limit of detection of 0.001 970 ppm. This result reveals the facile green synthesis route of SnO2NPs with the promising activities.
Comparative study on the properties and microscopic mechanism of Ti coating and W coating diamond-copper composites
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Guo Hong , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Ximin , Xie Haofeng , Xie Zhongnan , Peng Lijun , Mi Xujun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Interface plays a decisive role in metal matrix composites, and the effects of Ti coating and W coating on the properties and microscopic mechanism of diamond-copper composites are compared in this paper. Ti-coated diamond with 50 nm, 100 nm and 150 nm plating thickness and W-coated diamond with 50 nm plating thickness are prepared by using magnetron sputtering. Then infiltration method is carried out to prepare diamond copper composites. SEM, EDS and XRD are used to material microstructure. Three-point bending experiment and flash method are used to test the bending strength and thermal conductivity of the composite material. The study found that, as the thickness of the Ti coating increases, the bending strength of the composites gradually increases, but the thermal conductivity first increases and then decreases. The thermal conductivity of W coated diamond copper composites is higher than that of Ti coated diamond copper composites with the same coating thickness. But bonding strength shows the opposite law. The reason for the above phenomenon is that the mechanism of action between the Ti coating and the W coating and the copper substrate is different at the micro interface of the composites. The research work has important reference value for the interface modification of diamond copper composites.