bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIA IN SALIVA AND SPUTUM USING ZIEHL-NEELSEN, PAPANICOLAOU AND BLEACH MODIFIED PAPANICOLAOU INDUCED FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY
Authors: Nagabhushan Vidya Nagabhushan Vidya , KUMARASWAMY K L KUMARASWAMY K L , Litha Litha , Blessy P John Blessy P John 
Published: July 2020

Background: This research contrasted the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in saliva and sputum samples using Ziehl-Neelsen, Papanicolaou, and Bleach Modified Papanicolaou fluorescent microscopy.
Methodology: Sputum and saliva samples were collected in a clean sterile, leak-proof, wide-mouth containers early in the morning. Each saliva and sputum sample was further divided into 3 groups, Group A: sputum stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining method, Group B: sputum smears stained by Papanicolaou staining method, Group C: sputum smears stained by bleach modified Papanicolaou staining method. saliva and sputum infected by Papanicolaou and observed under a Fluorescent Microscope for tubercle bacilli..
Results: The results obtained from saliva stained smears showed 63.3% of cases positive in both BMP and Pap stained saliva samples and 46.6% of cases positive in ZN stained saliva samples. Further grading of the individual staining method was carried out. Scant bacilli; 20% in Pap and 10% in BMP, 1+; 30% in Pap and 33.3% in BMP, 2+;10% in Pap and 6% in BMP and 3+-3.3% in Pap and 13% in BMP. ZN stained saliva samples scant bacilli; 56.6%, 1+; 13%, 2+; 10% and 3+; nil. Sputum samples stained by BMP, Pap, and Zn showed 100% positive results (30/30). But the grading differed among individual staining techniques.
Conclusion: In our study sputum samples showed 100% positivity in comparison to saliva samples with 63.33%. Though the results of the saliva sample were lower than that of the sputum samples, the BMP method used in our study is first of its kind to the best of our knowledge. It is a simpler, convenient, and economical method that can be used in routine diagnosis of TB.
STUDENT’S PROFESSIONAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT BY OUT-OF-CLASS DISPATCHING CONTROL TASKS
Authors: Бацева Наталья Ленмировна 
Published: July 2020

В статье представлен опыт реализации внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студентов по дисциплине «Оперативное управление в энергетике» образовательной программы «Цифровая энергетика». На примере показано, какие компетенции могут быть развиты при выполнении профессионально-ориентированных задач.
The author presents the experience of out-of-class student’s work implementation for dispatching control course. This course belongs to the educational program “Digital Energy”. Using the example, the list of developed skills is demonstrated when a student takes on the professionally oriented out-of-class tasks.
ON THE NECESSITY OF DEEPENING THE COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND BELARUS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF STRENGTHENING THE GUARANTEE OF NATIONAL SECURITY FOR THE TWO COUNTRIES
Authors: Балашова Мария Александровна , Балашова Анастасия Михайловна , Кравченко Владимир Александрович 
Published: July 2020

Современные тенденции развития мировой экономики приводят к возникновению новых угроз в обеспечении национальной безопасности, в первую очередь, развивающихся стран мира, правительства которых вынуждены искать новые инструменты, способные гарантировать защищенность отечественным экономическим субъектам. Не являются исключением в данном случае Россия и Белоруссия, которые могут и должны решить соответствующие проблемы путем углубления взаимного сотрудничества.
Current trends of the global economic development lead to the emergence of new threats to national security. This is especially true for the developing countries, whose governments are forced to seek new tools of guaranteeing security to domestic economic entities. Russia and Belarus are no exception, so they could and should solve the corresponding problems by deepening their mutual cooperation.
GEOPOLITICAL THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Ахъядов Эльман Саид-Мохмадович , Ахъядов Эльдар Саид-Мохмадович 
Published: July 2020

Анализ современного геополитического положения Российской Федерации показывает, что она продолжает занимать достаточно прочное положение на геополитической карте современного мира и имеет все необходимые и реальные предпосылки для возрождения в новом веке в роли развитого демократического государства, активно влияющего на характер и направленность глобальных политических, экономических, социальных и культурных процессов.
The Analysis of the current geopolitical situation of the Russian Federation shows that it continues to occupy a fairly strong position on the geopolitical map of the modern world and has all the necessary and real prerequisites for revival in the new century as a developed democratic state that actively influences the nature and direction of global political, economic, social and cultural processes.
TECHNICAL REGULATION IN DIGITAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Камалова Гульфия Гафиятовна 
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматриваются некоторые вопросы технического регулирования в связи с развитием цифровых технологий. Автор отмечает, что в условиях глобализации, интеграции и цифровизации техническое регулирование приобретает значение ключевого фактора развития.
The article discusses some issues of technical regulation in connection with the development of digital technology. The author notes that in the context of globalization, integration and digitalization, technical regulation is becoming a key development factor.
Kurban ve Şiddet: İslamcı Şiddetin Göstergebilimsel Analizi
Authors: MAHMANDAROV Dashdamır , TAŞ Kemaleddin 
Published: July 2020

İslamcı şiddet yirmi birinci yüzyılın başlarından itibaren dünya gündemini işgal etmeye devam etmektedir. Amerika`da, Avrupa`da ve dünyanın diğer bölgelerinde şiddet eylemlerini sürdüren şiddet grupları çeşitli çalışmalara konu olmakta ve bu şiddetin kökenleri, nedenleri anlaşılmaya çalışılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada ilk olarak kurban ve şiddet arasındaki ilişki Rene Girard`ın mimetik teorisi bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra İslamcı şiddet bu mimetik teori bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. İslamcı şiddet gruplarının en korkuncu olarak tanımlanan ve dünyaya korku salan İslam Devleti`nin İngilizce dergisi olan Dabiq`ten seçilen şiddet içerikli iki fotoğraf göstergebilimsel olarak incelenecektir.
The Potential Advantages Of Utilizing Venacular Language In Early Education In Papua As A Bridge To The Indonesian National Educational System
Authors: Sumule Leonard , Iheanyi-Igwe Agam 
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the potential advantages of using vernacular language instruction to address the high drop out rates of indigenous elementary students in Highlands Papua, Indonesia. The effect of challenges created by differences between local culture and the culture presented in the national Indonesian educational system is discussed. David Kolb’s Experiential Learning theory is discussed as a method that can improve student outcomes by encouraging early comprehension through linguistically and culturally relevant experiences. Successful bilingual primary education programs in various countries are discussed. Examples are presented that illustrate the importance and advantages of foreigners acknowledging local language and culture while amongst the Papua people. This paper proposes steps that the Indonesian government, especially the local jurisdiction of Papua province’s governance, can take to utilize vernacular language to address the achievement gap of indigenous elementary students in Highlands Papua.
Analisis Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda Menggunakan Fuzzy Berdasar Data Learning Management System Studi Kasus: SMK Negeri 2 Kediri
Authors: Pramono Agus , Kusrini Kusrini 
Published: July 2020

Teknologi pembelajaran yang merupakan salah satu pendukung perkembangan sistem belajar mengalami perkembangan yang significant, LMS adalah sistem pembelajaran yang menekankan teknologi elektronik yang mencangkup teknologi daring dan teknologi komunikasi data menjadikan komunikasi yang tidak terbatas ruang waktu, efisiensi waktu tenaga dan kecepatan akses yang baik. Analissis butir soal yangmenjadi acuan terhadap pengukuran kemampuan peserta didik menjadi hal penting untuk dilakukan analisis, pengukuran dengan indikator tingkat kesulitan soal,daya beda dan tingkat validitas merupakan fitur yang dapat ditambahkan ke sistem moodle agar analisis butir soal khususnya pilihan ganda dapat membantu dalam penilaian kualitas soal dalam sistem elearning. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perancangan pembuatan aplikasi analisis butir soal pilihan ganda pada sistem LMS Moodle di SMK Negeri 2 Kediri sebagai sarana membantu guru dan kurikulum dalam menentukan kualitas soal ujian yang terdapat dalam Question Bank Moodle yang menghasilkan status ditolak, diperbaiki atau diterima dengan menggunakan sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis Fuzzy Mamdani.Kata Kunci - Analisis soal, Fuzzy, LMS, SPK, Moodle.
Tingkat Penerimaan Pengguna terhadap E-commerce Melalui Facebook
Authors: Payapo Nabila , Ramadhani Irfan , Sularto Lana 
Published: July 2020

Data dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Ambon tahun 2017 menyebutkan sebanyak 92,37 persen penduduk Kota Ambon bertempat tinggal di perkotaan. Koran Harian Kabar Timur tahun 2019 menyebutkan setiap warga Ambon pasti mempunyai handphone. Terdapat suatu perkecualian, yaitu pemanfaatan Facebook belumlah familiar dipakai untuk e-commerce, sebab masih mengutamakan jual-beli secara tatap-muka langsung dengan penjual maupun melalui iklan baris di surat kabar, dan hal ini berakibat di masa depan tingkat penerimaan masyarakat Ambon menjadi rendah terhadap e-commerce melalui Facebook, dan pemasar online mengalami kehilangan kesempatan bertransaksi, sehingga masyarakat Ambon dapat tertinggal dibanding wilayah yang lain dalam kegiatan e-commerce melalui Facebook. Hasil analisis jalur menyimpulkan bahwa Perceive Ease of Use (PEOU) memberi pengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap Perceived Usefulness (PU), PEOU memberi pengaruh signifikan secara tidak langsung terhadap Attitude Toward Using (ATU), PEOU melalui PU secara tidak langsung mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap ATU, ATU secara langsung memberi pengaruh signifikan terhadap Behavioral Intention Use (BIU), dan BIU secara langsung memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Actual System Usage. Dengan analisis ketercapaian skore mengenai fitur-fitur Facebook, menghasilkan rekomendasi bahwa fitur-fitur di Facebook dapat dikembangkan lagi dengan menambahkan kemudahan-kemudahan yang lain agar menarik perhatian responden sehingga bersedia membuka Facebook minimal 1 jam per hari untuk kegiatan e-commerce. Kata kunci: Pemilihan handphone, SAW, SPK
Das representações às experiências femininas vividas:
Authors: Bonat Trevisan Mariana 
Published: July 2020

No contexto nobiliárquico e da corte régia portuguesa de finais da Idade Média os papéis de gênero de homens e mulheres se afiguravam distintos, em que pesem as tentativas e possibilidades de privança junto ao rei de ambos os gêneros. Nesse âmbito, as figuras femininas das irmãs D. Leonor (1350-1386) e D. Maria (1338-1379) Teles de Meneses possibilitam a compreensão de distintas posições, estratégias, papéis e valores que mulheres da nobreza ibérica poderiam assumir no ambiente cortesão. D. Leonor conquistaria o rei D. Fernando e a posição de rainha de Portugal (a despeito de já ter contraído matrimônio e tido um filho com um nobre), obtendo grande participação nas decisões régias e no aumento da privança de sua linhagem junto à realeza. D. Maria Teles, viúva com patrimônio considerável, casaria com o irmão natural do rei, o infante D. João de Castro, para quem a união se mostrava vantajosa em termos principalmente patrimoniais. Os destinos das irmãs Teles de Meneses, apesar de ligados à corte régia portuguesa seriam distintos, mesmo que ambos infelizes ao final. A irmãs e suas trajetórias seriam representadas na cronística de Fernão Lopes no século XV a partir de dois perfis femininos moralmente opostos, num contexto ligado à consolidação de uma imagem oficial da dinastia de Avis. A Casa Real e seu cronista partem da reconstrução do passado e de personagens portuguesas ligadas ao contexto da crise dinástica de 1383-1385 para fixar e legitimar sua ascensão ao trono.
Geografía social del turismo. Una mirada crítica a la percepción del turismo y a su representación espacial
Authors: Fernández-Arroyo López-Manzanares Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

La Geografía Social del Turismo surge de una perspectiva sociológica en la aplicación del enfoque geográfico y aproximación al turismo. La novedad del término a nivel internacional revela el escaso recorrido de la crítica y la teoría social, así como de la irreflexión geográfica en este campo de estudios. El objeto de la investigación es un espacio social del turismo, representación espacial de un conocimiento-emancipación para proyectar un cambio social, una producción del espacio al margen de la racionalidad regulada por el mercado capitalista y su pedagogía neoliberal.
Social Geography of Tourism arises from a sociological perspective in the application of the geographical approach and his proximity to tourism. The originality of the term at the international level reveals the limited spread of criticism and social theory and, especially, geographical thoughtlessness in this field of studies. The object of this research is a social space of tourism, a spatial representation of a knowledge-emancipation to create a social change, a production of space outside the rationality regulated by the capitalist market and its neoliberalism pedagogy.
El turismo procedente de Argentina en Uruguay: un análisis comportamental cuantitativo
Authors: Martín Roda Eva , Sassano Luiz Silvana 
Published: July 2020

El alto volumen de turistas que llegan a Uruguay procedentes desde Argentina, genera un alto impacto espacial, social y económico en ese país, caracterizado por una fuerte estacionalidad. El presente artículo realiza un análisis comportamental cuantitativo fundamentado en los datos procedentes de las encuestas aleatorias realizadas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay a los turistas internacionales a su entrada en el país, analizándose factores como: origen geográfico, transporte utilizado, destino principal, lugar de entrada, características sociológicas entre otras variables.
The large volume of tourists arriving in Uruguay, coming from Argentina, generate a high spatial, social and economic impact in that country. This impact has a strong seasonality. This article makes a quantitative analysis of the behavior of these flows. The analysis uses data from random surveys made to international tourists upon entering the country, by the National Statistics Institute of Uruguay. The surveys examine factors such as geographic origin, transportation used to enter, the main destination in this country, the place of entry to Uruguay and some sociological characteristics, among another variables.
Análisis de la sostenibilidad en emprendimientos turísticos ubicados en áreas rurales y naturales. Estudios de caso en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
Authors: Toselli Claudia , Takáts Andrea , Traverso Luciana 
Published: July 2020

Este artículo surge a partir de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado en el marco de una red conformada por dos universidades argentinas y una universidad de Brasil. El objetivo principal ha sido analizar los criterios de sostenibilidad aplicados al desarrollo del turismo, tomando como estudios de caso, emprendimientos ubicados en áreas rurales y naturales de ambos países. A continuación se presentará la metodología y los resultados de cuatro sitios seleccionados en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina, en los cuales se aplicó un instrumento que incluye indicadores relativos a la Gestión Sostenible, Socioeconómicos, de Patrimonio Cultural, y Ambiental.
This article is about a research project developed within the framework of a network formed by two Argentine universities and one university of Brazil. The main objective has been to analyze the sustainability criteria applied to the development of tourism, taking as case studies, tourist private management sites located in rural and natural areas of both countries. It will be developed the methodology and results of four selected sites in Entre Ríos province, Argentina, where an instrument that includes indicators related to sustainable management, socioeconomic, cultural heritage, and environment was applied.
Biodiversity of carapace epibiont diatoms in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta Linnaeus 1758) in the Aegean Sea Turkish coast
Authors: Kaleli Aydın , Car Ana , Witkowski Andrzej , Krzywda Marta , Riaux-Gobin Catherine , Solak Cüneyt Nadir , Kaska Yakup , Zgłobicka Izabela , Płociński Tomasz , Wróbel Rafał , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

Background
The Aegean Sea coast of Turkey hosts one of the most important nesting grounds for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea. Previous studies have revealed that the sea turtle carapace provides favourable conditions for various epibiontic organisms. Epibionts occurring on the carapace have been examined from different locations in the oceans.

Methods
This is the first time such a high number (39) of samples collected from nesting turtles during such a long time period (extending from 2011 to 2018) has been used for the study of the diatom component of the microbiome on the turtle carapaces. A total of 33 samples were investigated in terms of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six unprocessed biofilm fragments were subject to SEM observations.

Results
A total of 457 epizoic diatom taxa belonging to 86 genera were identified. Epizoic forms, e.g., Achnanthes spp., Chelonicola spp. or Tripterion spp. (also identified by SEM observations of the undisturbed pieces of the microbiome) dominated in terms of relative abundance, but the highest numbers of taxa were ubiquitously represented by Navicula (79), Nitzschia (45), Amphora (40), Cocconeis (32), Diploneis (25) and Mastogloia (23). Navicula perminuta and Delphineis australis were the most frequent taxa, present in 65% of the samples, both with an average relative abundance of 10%. The results of our study revealed that diatoms are an essential component of the loggerhead sea turtles’ microbiome, in terms of high biodiversity and abundance. Although strict epibionts provide a signature of the turtle microbiome, the carapace as a solid substrate attracts numerous benthic diatom species which are considered opportunistic forms and can be found in the surrounding benthic habitats of the vast ocean littoral space.
An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications
Authors: Iwanowicz Deborah D. , Wu-Smart Judy Y. , Olgun Tugce , Smart Autumn H. , Otto Clint R.V. , Lopez Dawn , Evans Jay D. , Cornman Robert 
Published: July 2020

Background
Lake Sinai Viruses (LSV) are common RNA viruses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) that frequently reach high abundance but are not linked to overt disease. LSVs are genetically heterogeneous and collectively widespread, but despite frequent detection in surveys, the ecological and geographic factors structuring their distribution in A. mellifera are not understood. Even less is known about their distribution in other species. Better understanding of LSV prevalence and ecology have been hampered by high sequence diversity within the LSV clade.

Methods
Here we report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is compatible with currently known lineages with minimal primer degeneracy, producing an expected 365 bp amplicon suitable for end-point PCR and metagenetic sequencing. Using the Illumina MiSeq platform, we performed pilot metagenetic assessments of three sample sets, each representing a distinct variable that might structure LSV diversity (geography, tissue, and species).

Results
The first sample set in our pilot assessment compared cDNA pools from managed A. mellifera hives in California (n = 8) and Maryland (n = 6) that had previously been evaluated for LSV2, confirming that the primers co-amplify divergent lineages in real-world samples. The second sample set included cDNA pools derived from different tissues (thorax vs. abdomen, n = 24 paired samples), collected from managed A. mellifera hives in North Dakota. End-point detection of LSV frequently differed between the two tissue types; LSV metagenetic composition was similar in one pair of sequenced samples but divergent in a second pair. Overall, LSV1 and intermediate lineages were common in these samples whereas variants clustering with LSV2 were rare. The third sample set included cDNA from individual pollinator specimens collected from diverse landscapes in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska. We detected LSV in the bee Halictus ligatus (four of 63 specimens tested, 6.3%) at a similar rate as A. mellifera (nine of 115 specimens, 7.8%), but only one H. ligatus sequencing library yielded sufficient data for compositional analysis. Sequenced samples often contained multiple divergent LSV lineages, including individual specimens. While these studies were exploratory rather than statistically powerful tests of hypotheses, they illustrate the utility of high-throughput sequencing for understanding LSV transmission within and among species.
The Potential Role of Ki-67 Index in the Prognosis of Breast Cancer and Its Relation to Molecular Subtypes in Egyptian Females with Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohammed F. Z. , Gamal Lamis , Mosa Mohamed Farouk , Aref Mohamed Ibraheim 
Published: July 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a well-documented major cause of female morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ongoing research era is focusing on the establishment of diagnostic and prognostic markers, helping for early pick up of the cases, proper prognosis evaluation and clarifying reliable treatment strategy.
Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the role of Ki-67 as prognostic marker for breast cancer in Egyptian females population.
Patients and Methods: 120 BC patients and 30 age and BMI matching health controls are the subjects of the study, Ki-67 index values were investigated by immunohistochemistry that was performed on 5-lm slides of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival tumor tissue (core needle biopsy samples). Antigen retrieval was performed in a micro-oven in citrate buffer pH 6 for 20 minutes. Ki-67–stained slides were captured digitally at a hot spot at 3200 magnification. The Ki-67 labeling index was measured using digital image analysis software. Image analysis was performed by an experienced pathologist. Ki-67 index values were correlated with the clinicopathologic aspects of the BC patients.
Results: Our study showed that Ki-67 index values revealed gradual increase with disease severity and correlated with poor prognosis aspects.
Conclusion: Ki-67 index values are shown to be associated with breast cancer prognosis, supporting their role as prognostic biomarkers.