bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screenings: A Survey Study of Underserved Populations in North Texas
Authors: Olsson Sofia Eva , Shah Sameep , Haase Erin , Pagidas Kelly 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer along with several other neoplasms. With the availability of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screenings, it is more likely for cervical cancers to be prevented or caught early in their course. However, there are disparities and barriers preventing all individuals from obtaining proper preventative care.MethodsAn online survey analyzing compliance, barriers, and subjective perceptions of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening was distributed via flyers. These were placed in the half of zip codes with lowest median income in Fort Worth, Texas.ResultsRespondents with non‐White race, income of $40,000 or less, and a maximum education of high school or less were 4.24, 3.2, and 1.2 times more likely to have incomplete HPV vaccination, respectively. Respondents with an income of $40,000 or less and a maximum education of high school were 3.2 and 2.6 times more likely to be overdue for cervical cancer screening, respectively. The most common barrier for HPV vaccination was lack of knowledge, and for cervical cancer screening, it was cost. Most respondents felt as though cervical cancer screening allows for early cancer detection and decreased mortality but also endorsed feelings of pain, embarrassment, and fear of the test.ConclusionsHPV vaccine and cervical cancer screening non‐compliance is likely multifactorial, including lack of knowledge and cost. Interventions such as increased access to pediatric care and increased opportunities for free preventative healthcare may be helpful in both reducing stigma and improving access to care.
Robotic Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Bencini Lapo , Moraldi Luca , Miceli Elisangela , Risaliti Matteo , Tofani Lorenzo , Buccianti Simone , Tirloni Luca , Gatto Chiara , Minuzzo Alessio , Bianchi William Tyler , Coratti Andrea , Taddei Antonio , Bartolini Ilenia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMinimally invasive distal pancreatectomy offers recognised benefits over open surgery. Robotic surgery, with its shorter learning curve and technical advancements, presents a promising alternative to laparoscopy in managing pancreatic diseases.MethodsThis study enrolled consecutive patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy between January 2013 and May 2022. After propensity score matching, perioperative and medium‐term outcomes were compared between robotic and open procedures.ResultsAmong 79 patients analysed, 50 were eligible after matching. Both groups showed similar demographics, with 11% experiencing grade III‐IV complications, and one patient died within 90 days after surgery. Robotic surgery exhibited longer operating times but allowed for earlier refeeding, drain removal, canalisation, and shorter hospital stays compared with open surgery. Spleen preservation rates, postoperative pancreatic fistula occurrences and survival were comparable between the groups.ConclusionsOverall, robotic and open distal pancreatectomy demonstrated similar outcomes, with robotic surgery offering advantages in certain postoperative parameters despite longer operation times.
Rice Growth in the Shadow of Global Warming: Microbes Shed Light on Alleviating Its Heat Stress
Authors: Zeng Xiangrui , Wang Jinman , He Susu , Zhao Xinru , Jiang Bohan , Liu Beibei , Yue Zhengfu , Zou Yukun , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing severity of global climate change has led to more frequent extreme high‐temperature events, significantly damaging rice yield and quality, thus posing a threat to global food security. Research indicates that plant‐microbe interactions can enhance plant growth and overall health under adverse conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore strategies to improve rice heat tolerance through thermophilic microorganism mediation. This paper systematically summarises the effects of heat stress on both the aboveground and underground parts of rice during its growth stages, identifies the molecular mechanisms by which rice responds to heat stress, and explores the potential roles of microorganisms. Additionally, we review existing studies on microorganisms that alleviate plant heat stress and their mechanisms of action. Through case studies, we explore how microorganisms enhance rice survival in high‐temperature environments by regulating its growth and development, along with their potential applications in sustainable agriculture. In the future, environmentally friendly and efficient microbial inoculants and biofertilizers are expected to be developed based on microbe‐mediated plant heat tolerance mechanisms, which will help mitigate the heat stress challenges crops face under global climate change.
Nonparametric Estimation for Propensity Scores With Misclassified Treatments
Authors: Chen Li‐Pang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the framework of causal inference, average treatment effect (ATE) is one of crucial concerns. To estimate it, the propensity score based estimation method and its variants have been widely adopted. However, most existing methods were developed by assuming that binary treatments are precisely measured. In addition, propensity scores are usually formulated as parametric models with respect to confounders. However, in the presence of measurement error in binary treatments and nonlinear relationship between treatments and confounders, existing methods are no longer valid and may yield biased inference results if these features are ignored. In this paper, we first analytically examine the impact of estimation of ATE and derive biases for the estimator of ATE when treatments are contaminated with measurement error. After that, we develop a valid method to address binary treatments with misclassification. Given the corrected treatments, we adopt the random forest method to estimate the propensity score with nonlinear confounders accommodated and then derive the estimator of ATE. Asymptotic properties of the error‐eliminated estimator are established. Numerical studies are also conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator, and numerical results verify the importance of correcting for measurement error effects.
Direct shear test on the interface between tunnel linings
Authors: Zhao Wusheng , Zhou Shuai , Xie Peiyao , Qin Changkun , Gao Hou , Chen Weizhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lining interfaces of composite linings typically include two interfaces: the primary lining–secondary lining interface and the primary lining–waterproof layer–secondary lining interface. These interfaces are observed in Chinese highway tunnels with weak surrounding rock. In order to ascertain more effective measures to accommodate the deformations between tunnel linings, it is necessary to investigate the shear resistance performance of the interfaces and the factors that influence this performance. The samples are classified according to the presence or absence of waterproof layers, cohesive interfaces, and rough interfaces. Subsequently, direct shear tests are conducted under constant normal stress. The shear rate is 1 mm/min, and the normal stress is 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MPa, respectively. The results of the tests demonstrate that the shear properties are influenced by the normal stress, the waterproof layer, the cohesive interface and the rough interface. The shear resistance performance of the lining interface in the absence of a waterproof layer is observed to be superior to that observed with a waterproof layer. The normal compressive stiffness range for the primary lining‐secondary lining interface is observed to be between 0.69 and 3.17 GPa, with a pre‐peak shear stiffness range of 0.12–1.88 GPa. The effective cohesion range is found to be between 0 and 0.29 MPa, while the internal friction angle range is observed to be between 22.62° and 29.43°. In contrast, the normal compressive stiffness for the primary lining–waterproof layer–secondary lining interface is observed to be within the range of 1.24–9.78 GPa, the pre‐peak shear stiffness range is 0.45–39.68 GPa, the effective cohesion range is 0.07–1.98 MPa, and the internal friction angle range is 34.92°–52.24°. In conclusion, this investigation presents a number of potential measures that could be employed to enhance the shear resistance performance of tunnel lining interfaces. Furthermore, it furnishes a set of parameters derived from the test results that could serve as a foundation for subsequent research and design endeavors.
Light‐Mediated Radical Addition to Azomethine Compounds: Novel Reactivity and Activation Modes
Authors: Rubanov Zakhar M. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAzomethines is a class of compounds, which have traditionally served as electrophilic substrates, but their reactions with radicals have long been limited. Photocatalysis provided ample opportunities for promoting these reactions, with wide variety of reagents serving as precursors of radicals. Besides regular addition mode at the azomethine fragment, the oxidative pathway, in which the C=N bond remains in the product, has become possible by proper selection of redox catalyst. This review summarizes new developments in this rapidly developing field over the past five years. New concepts on activation of the C=N bond towards radical attack are discussed.
Sensitivity evaluation of Brownian motion and chemical reaction parameter on transport of motile gyrotactic microorganism in nanofluid over a wedge
Authors: Hussain Dilawar , Asghar Zaheer , Zeeshan Ahmed , Masud Usman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn any natural flow, there are different factors that influence the movement of microorganisms in fluid; some factors are significant while others are not. In this article, authors want to analyse the sensitivity of the movement of motile gyrotactic microorganisms to variation in Schmidt number (Sc), chemical reaction parameter (Kr), and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). For this purpose, a PDE is transformed into ODEs by using appropriate similarity transformation. The transformed ODEs are solved numerically by using MATLAB's built‐in software bvp4c. Then, by using these numerical results, we have developed a correlation between input variables and output responses for the Sherwood number () and density number () by using response surface methodology (RSM). The residual for output responses is plotted in graphical form and shows strong correlations and best‐fitted models between input parameters and output responses. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed and displays the results in graphical form and concludes that the input factor Sc is the most sensitive to for lower cases of A and Kr is the most sensitive among other parameters for middle and higher cases of B.
Measurement and Prevalence of Aggression
Authors: Iennaco Joanne DeSanto , Molle Elizabeth , Lauvrud Christian , Palmstierna Tom , Nijman Henk , Almvik Roger 
Published: December 2024

AbstractViolence in the healthcare setting is a complex issue, with many different types of violence that impact patients, workers, and the clinical environment. Violence is also a common problem in the healthcare workplace, with rate and severity dependent upon the setting, and the highest rates are typically found in psychiatric settings. Many aspects of patient care are impacted by aggression and violence, including patient safety, quality of care and outcomes, and therapeutic relationships with caregivers. Measuring the prevalence and severity of violence is difficult because there are many characteristics of the phenomenon in clinical settings. Many settings have active programmes to reduce the use of coercive interventions and have reduced rates of use of restraint and seclusion. This chapter offers insight into this complex field of research as well as an overview of scales typically used for this purpose.
What Is Coercion and Can Its Use Be Justified in Mental Healthcare? An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Hempeler Christin , Scholten Matthé , Werning Anna , Gather Jakov 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of coercion within mental healthcare raises many ethically relevant questions. These include the analytical question about which actions amount to coercion, and the normative question whether and in which situations the use of coercion is justified. This chapter aims to provide an overview of answers to these questions. In answer to the analytical question, we discuss the conceptual distinction between formal and informal coercion. While formal coercion includes interventions that are carried out against the will of service users, informal coercion aims at influencing the will and decision-making of service users to enhance compliance with recommended treatment or social rules. In answer to the normative question, we will differentiate two different argumentative strategies: one based on the harm principle and one based on soft paternalism. We also discuss a third position, which holds that the use of coercion is never justified. The chapter closes by introducing self-binding directives, a type of psychiatric advance directive, as a possible way to reconcile autonomy and coercion.
Coercion in Psychiatry: The Human Rights Challenge
Authors: Richter Dirk 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of coercion in psychiatry has been controversial for decades. With the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities from 2006, the discussion about the legitimisation or abolition of measures against the will of the people affected has taken on new implications. From the perspective of the Convention, the use of coercion is a violation of human rights. This chapter traces the discussions and arguments that have arisen in connection with the human rights perspective against the use of coercion in psychiatry.
Flipped Classroom als Erfolgskonzept für das „New Normal“ in der Hochschullehre?
Authors: Hetzner Sónia , Krauß Elisabeth , Schmidt Claudia 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Hochschullehre befindet sich in einem Transformationsprozess, in dem Erkenntnisse aus der Online-Lehre der Pandemiezeit mit der etablierten Präsenzlehre verbunden werden. Im Projekt INKULT an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg wurden Flipped Classroom (FC)-Modelle für 13 Lehrveranstaltungen aus unterschiedlichen Fachkulturen entwickelt. Der Fokus lag darauf, FC-Modelle zu erstellen, die den besonderen Bedürfnissen verschiedener Fachrichtungen gerecht werden und die Wahrnehmung des FC-Konzepts durch Lehrende und Studierende zu analysieren. Die Untersuchung brachte zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren und Herausforderungen zum Vorschein und unterstrich die Wichtigkeit einer sorgfältigen Veranstaltungsplanung und der Interaktion mit den Studierenden für den Erfolg des FC. Dabei wird betont, dass eine Reflexion über die veränderte Rolle der Lehrenden und die Förderung des selbstgesteuerten Lernens der Studierenden essentiell für den Erfolg des Formates sind. Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen für Lehrende und die Entwicklung metakognitiver Kompetenzen bei Studierenden sind dabei von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Resultate unterstreichen zudem die wesentliche Bedeutung von Ressourcen, sowohl finanzieller als auch personeller Art, für die Implementierung des FC-Ansatzes. Die Implementierung des FC-Konzepts erfordert also eine ganzheitliche Herangehensweise, die organisatorische, didaktische und individuelle Aspekte gleichermaßen berücksichtigt und unterstützt. Durch kontinuierliche Reflexion, kritische Evaluation und iterative Anpassung kann ein Mehrwert durch FC-Modelle für die Lehre generiert werde.
Existence, comparison principle and uniqueness for doubly nonlinear anisotropic evolution equations
Authors: Vestberg Matias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence of solutions to the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem associated with a class of doubly nonlinear anisotropic evolution equations. We also demonstrate the existence of solutions to the corresponding Cauchy problem on $$\mathbb {R}^N\times (0,T)$$

R

N

×

(
0
,
T
)

. Under some assumptions on the Caratheodory vector field we prove a comparison principle and utilize it to obtain a uniqueness result for the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem.
Klinische Variablen und Management des disseminierten Granuloma anulare – eine monozentrische retrospektive Auswertung von 33 Fällen aus den Jahren 2021 bis 2023
Authors: Spindler Michael , Berneburg Mark , Drexler Konstantin , Kurz Bernadett , Kögel Julian , Niebel Dennis 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Granuloma anulare (GA) ist eine nichtinfektiöse, granulomatöse Erkrankung der Haut, die meist lokalisiert und selbstlimitierend ist. 15 % der Fälle zeigen eine Disseminierung mit häufig protrahiertem Krankheitsverlauf. Ziel dieser Studie ist, das Patientenkollektiv mit disseminiertem GA an einer deutschen Universitätsklinik und die Behandlungsmodalitäten zu charakterisieren.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive monozentrische Auswertung am Universitätsklinikum Regensburg im Zeitraum zwischen 2021 und 2023 mit deskriptiv-statistischer Auswertung des Patientenkollektivs und der eingesetzten Therapieverfahren.

Ergebnisse
Im Zeitraum wurden 239 Patienten mit GA identifiziert, davon zeigten 33 Patienten ein histologisch gesichertes disseminiertes GA. 25 Patienten (76 %) waren weiblich, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 57,4 ± 14,4 Jahren. 17 Patienten (53 %) verneinten Beschwerden, häufige Symptome umfassten Dysästhesien, Juckreiz und Schmerzen. Häufige Begleiterkrankungen waren Diabetes mellitus, Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, atopische Dermatitis und koronare Herzerkrankung. Therapeutisch wurden in absteigender Häufigkeit topische Glukokortikoide, systemische Glukokortikoide, Phototherapie, topische Calcineurininhibitoren und Dimethylfumarat eingesetzt. Nur 6 Patienten (18 %) zeigten eine partielle oder vollständige Remission.

Diskussion
Aufgrund fehlender zugelassener Therapien werden unzureichend wirksame Therapien bei disseminiertem GA eingesetzt. Prospektive, randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Studien sind erforderlich, um die Wirksamkeit neuartiger zielgerichteter therapeutischer Verfahren zu untersuchen.
Utilizing isotopic and elemental markers to enhance the authenticity of potatoes
Authors: Ioannou-Papayianni Elena , Damaskinos Constantinos , Tarapoulouzi Maria , Louka Charalampos , Savvidou Chara , Tzioni Eleni , Kokkinofta Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven the economic importance of potato production, establishing the origin of unknown commercial samples declared as local, is particularly important for both producers and competent authorities. In the study presented here, stable isotopic ratios of deuterium, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, were determined in order to develop a potato provenance methodology. Isotopic determinations were conducted in an alcohol, preceded by the enzymatic degradation of potato starch using α-amylase to yield soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides. Subsequently, the hydrolyzed potato starch underwent fermentation to produce ethanol, which was then obtained through distillation under controlled conditions. The integration of data obtained from analyzing the D/H isotopic ratios using SNIF-NMR spectroscopy in potato samples for the first time, in conjunction with measurements of the 13C/12C, 15N/14N, and 18O/16O ratios via IRMS, yielded a unique isotopic fingerprint for the potato samples under examination. Elemental analysis by ICP-OES also added important information in the dataset. The chemometric analysis by applying OPLS-DA technique, highlighted the parameters of (D/H)II, δ18O, R and Cu as the best discriminator markers. The proposed model gave 94.07% correct classification of the samples, regarding their geographical origin. It is believed that the differentiation of local potatoes is related to the unique geological and climatic conditions existing in the island. All the above-mentioned conclusions are very promising, for the protection of local potato production.
Forty years of composite polymer electrolytes – a subjective view
Authors: Płocharski Janusz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with various fillers improving their properties are studied for about forty years. The continuous research is fostered by the vision of all solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) regarded by the energy-storage community as one of the most important goals. This comprehensive review summarizes these efforts from a position of a person who witnessed the development of Composite Polymer Electrolytes (CPEs) from the very beginning.
MiHUBx: ein Digitaler FortschrittsHub zur Nutzung von intersektoralen klinischen Datensätzen am Beispiel des diabetischen Makulaödems
Authors: Stolze Gabriel , Kakkassery Vinodh , Kowerko Danny , Bartos Martin , Hoffmann Katja , Sedlmayr Martin , Engelmann Katrin 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen helfen bei der jeweiligen fachspezifischen Therapie, können aber Daten aus der Real-World-Versorgung kaum berücksichtigen. Um diese im klinischen Alltag auch hinsichtlich prädiktiver Aussagen zu Krankheitsprogression oder Behandlungserfolg besser zu nutzen, sind Modelle mit Daten aus der Versorgung zu entwickeln, um diese für die Schaffung von assistierender künstlicher Intelligenz zu nutzen.

Ziel
Ziel des Use Case 1 innerhalb des MiHUBx (Medical Informatics Hub in Saxony) ist es, ein auf Versorgungs- und Forschungsdaten basierendes Modell für einen Biomarker-gestützten Therapiealgorithmus sowie die dazu notwendige digitale Infrastruktur zu entwickeln.

Material und Methode
Schrittweise werden notwendige Partner:innen in Kliniken und Praxen technisch oder über Forschungsfragen innerhalb des Use Case 1 „Ophthalmologie trifft Diabetologie“ des regionalen Digitalen FortschrittsHub Gesundheit MiHUBx der bundesweiten Medizininformatik-Initiative zusammengeschlossen.

Ergebnisse
Basierend auf gemeinsamen Studien mit Diabetologen erfolgte die Auswahl robuster serologischer und bildgebender Biomarker, die Hinweise für eine Entwicklung eines diabetischen Makulaödems (DMÖ) geben. Diese und weitere wissenschaftlich nachgewiesene prognostische Marker sollen zukünftig in einen Therapiealgorithmus einfließen, der KI(künstliche Intelligenz)-gestützt ist. Dafür werden gemeinsam mit Medizininformatikern modellhafte Vorgehensweisen erarbeitet sowie ein Datenintegrationszentrum etabliert.

Schlussfolgerungen
Neben der strukturierten und technischen Zusammenführung bisher an verschiedenen Orten vorliegender und teilweise heterogener Versorgungsdaten werden in dem Use Case die Chancen und Hürden zur Nutzung von Real-World-Daten zur Entwicklung künstlicher Intelligenz definiert.