bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicomponent Reactions for Integrating Multiple Functional Groups into an Antioxidant
Authors: Liu Zai‐Qun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large number of convincing evidences has revealed the correlation of the pathogeny of diseases with the oxidative damages of DNA, protein, biomembrane, and other biological species, while supplementation of antioxidants is demonstrated to be a promising way to avoid, at least, rectify the unbalance redox status in vivo. Although many endeavors have focused on synthesis of antioxidants, a main hurdle still hinders the wide usages of synthetic antioxidants because of low bioavailability and potential cytotoxicity. The search for antioxidants with multiple functional groups being recognized by different receptors becomes a much sought by researchers, and multicomponent reactions (MCRs) provide with powerful tools for the construction of multifunctional antioxidants. Presented herein is a personal account on the application of MCRs for the synthesis of multifunctional antioxidants, while radical‐induced oxidation of DNA acts as the experimental system for evaluating antioxidative effect. Concretely, the Biginelli three‐component reaction (3CR) affords such a dihydropyrimidine scaffold that the tautomerization between C=S and C−SH leads to antioxidative effect. The Povarov 3CR is able to integrate multiple antioxidative groups, i. e., ferrocenyl and −N(CH3)2, into a quinoline scaffold, while the Groebke 3CR provides with imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine skeleton for inhibiting DNA oxidation. Additionally, the Knoevenagel‐related MCRs also become efficient strategies for achieving radical‐scavengers. On the other hand, the Ugi 4CR and Passerini 3CR result in the dipeptide and α‐acyloxycarboxamide, respectively, with the benefit for the integration of antioxidative features by aliphatic chains. Therefore, MCRs have emerged as efficient tools for integrating multiple antioxidative features into one molecule in order to meet with complicated requirements from various biological surroundings.
Proliferation of Transnational Labour Standards: The Role of the ILO
Authors: Chen Yifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article examines the institutional history of the ILO in the aftermath of the Cold War, and in particular how the ILO has transformed itself into a global actor in terms of labour governance through coining the normative concept of fundamental labour rights in the 1990s, as well as the ongoing struggle in which the ILO has engaged to promote greater coherence of labour standards in the post-national era. The proliferation of transnational labour standards and decentralized standard-setting is a recognizable trend in international labour protection today. International regulation of labour has become a crowded field, as labour standards are increasingly set and enforced outside the ILO framework. The mushrooming of transnational labour standards also leads to fragmentation, conflicts and competition between norms, values and visions. In the face of proliferating labour standards, the ILO has to endeavour to reinstate itself as the central institution for innovative economic and social theories as well as for labour standards. The ILO needs to exercise its leadership not just in defending normative coherence but also in advancing a humanitarian vision of the economy and society.
Postscript
Authors: Stiglitz Joseph E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Covid-19 epidemic has unveiled inequalities and instabilities in national and global economic and social systems of many countries, even rich and powerful ones such as the United States. The major economic and social crises that have followed signal that it is now time to reflect on their causes, namely poorly managed globalization and lack of global cooperation before the pandemic. Looking to the ILO as a model, the article calls for an imperative to construct a post-pandemic world marked by more global cooperation, with better social governance.
Repurposing mesalazine against cardiac fibrosis in vitro
Authors: Hoffmann Maximilian , Kant Theresa A. , Emig Ramona , Rausch Johanna S. E. , Newe Manja , Schubert Mario , Künzel Karolina , Winter Luise , Klapproth Erik , Peyronnet Rémi , Ravens Ursula , El-Armouche Ali , Künzel Stephan R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are exacerbated and driven by cardiac fibrosis. TGFβ induces fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts that secrete excessive extracellular matrix proteins leading to stiffening of the heart, concomitant cardiac dysfunction, and arrhythmias. However, effective pharmacotherapy for preventing or reversing cardiac fibrosis is presently unavailable. Therefore, drug repurposing could be a cost- and time-saving approach to discover antifibrotic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic potential of mesalazine in a cardiac fibroblast stress model. TGFβ was used to induce a profibrotic phenotype in a human cardiac fibroblast cell line. After induction, cells were treated with mesalazine or solvent control. Fibroblast proliferation, key fibrosis protein expression, extracellular collagen deposition, and mechanical properties were subsequently determined. In response to TGFβ treatment, fibroblasts underwent a profound phenoconversion towards myofibroblasts, determined by the expression of fibrillary αSMA. Mesalazine reduced differentiation nearly by half and diminished fibroblast proliferation by a third. Additionally, TGFβ led to increased cell stiffness and adhesion, which were reversed by mesalazine treatment. Collagen 1 expression and deposition—key drivers of fibrosis—were significantly increased upon TGFβ stimulation and reduced to control levels by mesalazine. SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, along with reduced nuclear NFκB translocation, were identified as potential modes of action. The current study provides experimental pre-clinical evidence for antifibrotic effects of mesalazine in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, it sheds light on possible mechanisms of action and suggests further investigation in experimental and clinical settings.
Delta Neutrophil Index and Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio in the Differentiation of Thyroid Malignancy and Nodular Goiter
Authors: Bozan Mehmet Buğra , Yazar Fatih Mehmet , Kale İlhami Taner , Yüzbaşıoğlu Mehmet Fatih , Boran Ömer Faruk , Azak Bozan Ayşe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt was aimed to evaluate the relationship between delta neutrophil index (DNI) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the preoperative differentiation of nodular goiter and thyroid malignancy.MethodsPatients over the age of 18 who underwent thyroid surgery between November 2014 and November 2019 were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their pathology results: malignant (Group M) and benign (Group B) thyroid disorders. White blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, IG count and DNI were measured using an automated hematological analyzer from blood samples obtained at the preoperative period and postoperative 6th month of the follow‐up. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were manually calculated. Numerical data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (minimum–maximum values) or medians (minimum–maximum values) according to the normal distribution. Categorical values are expressed as percentages (%).ResultsA total of 243 patients (190 patients in Group B and 53 patients in Group M) who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The male/female ratio was 49/194. A statistically significant difference between Group M and Group B in terms of preoperative NLR, DNI and IG count was observed (p = 0.001, < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the control values performed in the postoperative period in terms of the NLR, DNI and IG count (p = 0.711, 0.333 and 0.714, respectively). A significant decrease was observed in the preoperative and postoperative DNIs, IG counts and NLRs in Group M (p = 0.009, < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). For the diagnosis of malignant thyroid diseases, the cut‐off value of DNIs was ≥0.35%, and DNI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 79.2%, 78.9%, 79.2% and 77.9%, respectively (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.847; confidence interval [CI]: 0.784–0.911). The cut‐off value of the IG count was ≥25/mm3, and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 83%, 72.1%, 83%, and 72.1%, respectively (AUC: 0.847; CI: 0.784–0.911).ConclusionDNI and IG counts are cheap and easily accessible tests that can be automatically calculated from automated systems without additional cost in differentiation of thyroid malignancies from benign disorders in the preoperative period.
Incisional hernia after liver transplantation: mesh-based repair and what else?
Authors: Perrakis Aristotelis , Knüttel Dagmar , Rahimli Mirhasan , Andric Mihailo , Croner Roland S. , Vassos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Incisional hernia (IH) is not uncommon after liver transplantation (LT). We investigated the long-term outcome of mesh-based hernia repair using an inlay-onlay technique.

Methods
Our analysis was based on a prospective collected database of all LT recipients from our hospital over a period of 15 years. We analyzed clinical data including the period between LT and hernia development, the size and localization of the hernia, the length of in-hospital stay, immunosuppression, and postoperative morbidity, as well as follow-up data. The median follow-up period was 120 (range 12–200) months.

Results
Among a total of 220 patients who underwent a collective 239 LTs, 29 (13%) were found to have an IH after a median period of 27.5 months (range 3–96 months). There were 12 (41%) men and 17 (59%) women, with a median age of 51 years. The median size of the IH was 13 cm (range 2–30 cm) and the median in-hospital stay was 6 days. Mild postoperative complications developed in seven patients, including two onlay mesh infections. One patient (3.4%) suffered recurrence.

Conclusion
Mesh-based hernia repair using the inlay/onlay technique represents an effective and safe method for patients with an IH after LT, without additional risk from continuous immunosuppression.
Climate change and the future of endemic flora in the South Western Alps: relationships between niche properties and extinction risk
Authors: Dagnino Davide , Guerrina Maria , Minuto Luigi , Mariotti Mauro Giorgio , Médail Frédéric , Casazza Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change seriously threatens biodiversity, particularly in mountain ecosystems. However, studies on climate change effects rarely consider endemic species and their niche properties. Using species distribution models, we assessed the impact of climate change on the endemic flora of the richest centre of endemism in the Alps: the South-Western Alps. We projected the potential distributions of 100 taxa under both an optimistic (RCP2.6) and a pessimistic (RCP8.5) climate scenario, analysing the relationships between range dynamics and several predictors (dispersal abilities, vegetation belts, niche marginality, niche breadth, altitudinal range and present range). The negative impact ranged from weak to severe according to the scenario, but the extinction risk was low. The dispersal abilities of species strongly affected these range dynamics. Colline and subalpine species were the most threatened and the relationship between range dynamics and predictors varied among vegetation belts. Our results suggest that the rough topography of the SW Alps will probably buffer the climate change effects on endemics, especially if climate will remain within the limits already experienced by species during the Holocene. The presence of the Mediterranean-mountain flora, less affected by climate change than the alpine one, may explain the lower number of species threatened by extinction in the SW Alps than in other European mountains. These results suggest that the relationship between plants’ sensitivity to climate change, and both niche properties and vegetation belts, depends on the difference between the current climate in which species grow and the future climate, and not just on their niche breadth.
A population-based comparison of treatment patterns, resource utilization, and costs by cancer stage for Ontario patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Brezden-Masley Christine , Fathers Kelly E. , Coombes Megan E. , Pourmirza Behin , Xue Cloris , Jerzak Katarzyna J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To update and expand on data related to treatment, resource utilization, and costs by cancer stage in Canadian patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC).

Methods
We analyzed data for adult women diagnosed with invasive HR+/HER2− BC between 2012 and 2016 utilizing the publicly funded health care system in Ontario. Baseline characteristics, treatment received, and health care use were descriptively compared by cancer stage (I–III vs. IV). Resource use was multiplied by unit costs for publicly funded health care services to calculate costs.

Results
Our study included 21,360 patients with stage I–III plus 813 with stage IV HR+/HER2− BC. Surgery was performed on 20,510 patients with stage I–III disease (96.0%), with the majority having a lumpectomy, and radiation was received by 15,934 (74.6%). Few (n = 1601, 7.8%) received neoadjuvant and most (n = 15,655, 76.3%) received adjuvant systemic treatment. Seven hundred and fifty eight patients with metastatic disease (93.2%) received systemic therapy; 542 (66.7%) received endocrine therapy. Annual per patient health care costs were three times higher in the stage IV vs. stage I–III cohort with inpatient hospital services representing nearly 40% of total costs.

Conclusion
The costs associated with metastatic HR+/HER2− BC reflect a significant disease burden. Low endocrine treatment rates captured by the publicly funded system suggest guideline non-adherence or that a fair portion of Ontarian patients may be incurring out-of-pocket drug costs.
R-sulforaphane modulates the expression profile of AhR, ERα, Nrf2, NQO1, and GSTP in human breast cell lines
Authors: Licznerska Barbara , Szaefer Hanna , Krajka-Kuźniak Violetta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur previous study showed remarkable differences in the effect of R-sulforaphane (R-SFN) on the expression of CYPs 19, 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 in ER(+) MCF7, ER( −) MDA-MB-231, and non-tumorigenic immortalized MCF10A (8). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of R-SFN on phase II enzymes induction and expression of AhR, Nrf2, and ERα in the same breast cell lines. The results showed increased expression of GSTP as a result of treatment with R-SFN in breast cancer cells. An increased NQO1 transcript and protein levels were found in all breast cells, with the most significant increase in MCF7 cells. Similarly, the enhancement of Nrf2 expression was noticed in all tested cells. AhR gene transcript and protein were decreased in MCF7 cells. In MDA-MB-231, increased AhR mRNA was not confirmed at the protein level. No differences were found in the expression of ERα. Overall, the results of the present study extended our earlier suggestions on the possible interference of R-SFN with estrogens homeostasis in breast cancer cells differing in ERα status, as well as in non-tumorigenic immortalized breast epithelial cells. While some of R-SFN effects might be beneficial and useful in breast cancer prevention, the others, particularly GSTP induction, may lead to adverse effects.
A turn to arts-based research methodology in psychodrama research
Authors: Skar Siri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA tendency in psychodrama research is the focus on proving effectiveness. This article in the Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie aims to propose arts-based research (ABR) methodology through a theoretical approach by a brief literature review of psychodrama research, a glimpse into discourses in applied theatre research and an introduction to arts-based research (ABR) methodology. How moments of participation and self-identified significant experiences by the participants from a psychodrama group can be investigated through ABR methodology will be exemplified through performative inquiry (Fels 2012), inspired by poetic inquiry (Faulkner 2018). In this way, the article aims to shed light on the question:How might arts-based research methodology in combination with qualitative research methodology contribute to the psychodrama research field?The article also presents empirical and ontological perspectives relating to the pilot study and give a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of applying ABR methodology exemplified in the article. This way, the paper aims to illuminate how ABR methodologies can be applied together with qualitative research methodology to contribute to psychodrama research.
Role development in psychodrama training—Findings and challenges
Authors: Fürst Jutta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMoreno considered the roles in which one operates as the “tangible aspect of what is known as ‘ego’” (zit. in Leutz 1974, p. 43). Although the role concept is one of the main concepts in psychodrama there exist only a few attempts to invent handy measurements for the development of roles. This pilot study published in the Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is an attempt to systematically analyse the roles of psychodrama students in their training; based on role descriptions suggested by Clayton (1994) and Daniel (2007) combined with the five dimensions of the five-factor model of the BIG FIVE. The analysis was conducted at two measurement points: after the first period of the self-awareness training (120 h) and at the end of training (240 h). The training sessions were accurately documented, including a description of all roles the students had taken. The roles were assigned to one of the five dimensions and counted. The findings suggest a notable development after each period. Although the results are promising there are still several questions waiting for answers.
Characterization of the Interface Between α and β Titanium Alloys in the Diffusion Couple
Authors: Motyka Maciej , Nowak Wojciech J. , Wierzba Bartek , Chrominski Witold 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the research was to investigate the microstructural changes caused by diffusion through interface between α and β titanium solid solutions. For this purpose, a diffusion couple composed of two single-phase titanium alloys—α type commercially pure (CP) titanium Grade 2 and near-β Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn—was made by annealing at a temperature of 850 °C in an inert atmosphere. The performed heat treatment caused partial diffusion bonding (DB) where the α/β-interface was clearly visible. Based on the results of microscopic (light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope/electron backscatter diffraction (SEM/EBSD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM)) examination, a significant microstructure evolution of near-β alloy in the region near the interface (diffusion-affected zone) was revealed. It was found that needlelike phases were formed both in α and β solid solutions. Moreover, in the near-β titanium alloy, pores aligned in the Frenkel plane were found. The latter finding indicated that the diffusion of alloying elements of near-β alloy is the most probable reason for the observed microstructural changes. Additionally, the “grooving” phenomenon at the α/β interface was found and it was correlated with faster diffusion through grain boundaries, rather than volume diffusion. Finally, the pore size was measured and numerically modeled. The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental ones.
A multi-criteria decision analysis for groundwater potential evaluation in parts of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Osinowo Olawale Olakunle , Arowoogun Kolawole Isaac 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti-criteria decision analysis based on Saaty’s analytical hierarchy processing technique has been used to establish groundwater potential distribution pattern across some highly populated parts of Ibadan metropolis in southwestern Nigeria. The technique weighted and ranked seven sets of thematic hydrological parameters derived from Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery, 143 vertical electrical sounding (VES) geophysical data, and geological and topographical data. Filtered and enhanced Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery, quality-checked and inverted VES data, and categorized geological and other ancillary data were analyzed and used to generate lineaments, subsurface geoelectric parameters and other terrain information employed to extract thematic hydrogeological parameters used to characterize the subsurface in terms of groundwater potential. Weighted, normalized and ranked derived thematic hydrogeological parameters (lineament density, drainage density, coefficient of anisotropy, aquifer thickness, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity and lithology) were employed to generate groundwater resource potential map. The map delineates the study area into very low (6.5%), low (41.0%), medium (38.1%), high and very high (14.4%) groundwater resource potential zones. Regions underlain by quartzite/quartz schist rocks present medium-to-high groundwater resource potential, while regions underlain by migmatite and granite gneiss rocks mostly have very low–low groundwater resource potential. This study indicates that variation in groundwater resource potential across Ibadan situated within the basement complex terrain is mostly influenced by the heterogeneity of subsurface geology which varies rapidly in terms of rock distribution and associated hydrogeological indices.
Feasibility of Enhanced Recovery in Emergency Colorectal Operation
Authors: Fischer Chelsea P. , Knapp Leandra , Cohen Mark E. , Ko Clifford Y. , Reinke Caroline E. , Wick Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Emergency colorectal operations account for considerable surgical morbidity, leading to increased recognition of the importance of standardized care. Enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) have successfully provided a framework to standardize elective surgical care, with some ERP elements spreading to emergency procedures. This study aims to characterize the degree of spread and demonstrate feasibility of ERP extension to emergency colorectal operations.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients undergoing colorectal operations were identified from a national ERP collaborative. Adherence to ERP process measures—multimodal pain control, early Foley removal, postoperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, early mobilization, early feeding, and 30-day clinical outcomes—was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate association between process measure adherence and 30-day clinical outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 31,511 patients underwent colorectal operations at 235 hospitals; 3,086 were emergencies and 28,425 were elective. For emergency cases, rates of early Foley removal (92.0%) and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (75.7%) were highest. Rates of multimodal pain control (55.9%), early mobilization (37.1%), and early liquid intake (33.4%) were modest. Nonadherence was more common in patients younger than 65 years (43.4%), with independent functional status (94%), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification 1 to 3 (62.5%), and without physiologic derangement (39.9%). Lack of mobilization or liquid intake was independently associated with increased odds of ileus (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.75 and OR 2.41; 95% CI, 1.96 to 2.95) and prolonged length of stay (OR 2.29; 95% CI, 1.85 to 2.83 and OR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.70 to 2.47).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the unplanned nature of emergency colorectal operations historically excluded patients from ERPs, our findings suggest ERPs have observable diffusion beyond elective surgical procedures. Deliberate implementation with adherence auditing can improve ERP uptake and outcomes in emergency colorectal operations.