bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an algorithm to evaluate the appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing using big data of Chinese diagnosis text
Authors: Zhao Houyu , Bian Jiaming , Wei Li , Li Liuyi , Ying Yingqiu , Zhang Zeyu , Yao Xiaoying , Zhuo Lin , Cao Bin , Zhang Mei , Zhan Siyan 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the validity of an algorithm to classify diagnoses according to the appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic use in the context of Chinese free text.Setting and participantsA random sample of 10 000 outpatient visits was selected between January and April 2018 from a national database for monitoring rational use of drugs, which included data from 194 secondary and tertiary hospitals in China.Research designDiagnoses for outpatient visits were classified as tier 1 if associated with at least one condition that ‘always’ justified antibiotic use; as tier 2 if associated with at least one condition that only ‘sometimes’ justified antibiotic use but no conditions that ‘always’ justified antibiotic use; or as tier 3 if associated with only conditions that never justified antibiotic use, using a tier-fashion method and regular expression (RE)-based algorithm.MeasuresSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the classification algorithm, using classification made by chart review as the standard reference, were calculated.ResultsThe sensitivities of the algorithm for classifying tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3 diagnoses were 98.2% (95% CI 96.4% to 99.3%), 98.4% (95% CI 97.6% to 99.1%) and 100.0% (95% CI 100.0% to 100.0%), respectively. The specificities were 100.0% (95% CI 100.0% to 100.0%), 100.0% (95% CI 99.9% to 100.0%) and 98.6% (95% CI 97.9% to 99.1%), respectively. The PPVs for classifying tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3 diagnoses were 100.0% (95% CI 99.1% to 100.0%), 99.7% (95% CI 99.2% to 99.9%) and 99.7% (95% CI 99.6% to 99.8%), respectively. The NPVs were 99.9% (95% CI 99.8% to 100.0%), 99.8% (95% CI 99.7% to 99.9%) and 100.0% (95% CI 99.8% to 100.0%), respectively.ConclusionsThe RE-based classification algorithm in the context of Chinese free text had sufficiently high validity for further evaluating the appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing.
Cardiac arrest after pulmonary aspiration in hospitalised patients: a national observational study
Authors: Albert Malin , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz , Ringh Mattias , Claesson Andreas , Djärv Therese , Nordberg Per 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo study characteristics and outcomes among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) due to pulmonary aspiration.DesignA retrospective observational study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SRCR).SettingThe SRCR is a nationwide quality registry that covers 96% of all Swedish hospitals. Participating hospitals vary in size from secondary hospitals to university hospitals.ParticipantsThe study included patients registered in the SRCR in the period 2008 to 2017. We compared patients with IHCA caused by pulmonary aspiration (n=127), to those with IHCA caused by respiratory failure of other causes (n=2197).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was 30-day survival. Secondary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) defined as ROSC at the scene and admitted alive to the intensive care unit.ResultsIn the aspiration group 80% of IHCA occurred on general wards, as compared with 63.6% in the respiratory failure group (p<0.001). Patients in the aspiration group were less likely to be monitored at the time of the arrest (18.5% vs 38%, p<0.001) and had a significantly lower rate of sustained ROSC (36.5% vs 51.6%, p=0.001). The unadjusted 30-day survival rate compared with the respiratory failure group was 7.9% versus 18.0%, p=0.024. In a propensity score analysis (including variables; year, age, gender, location of arrest, initial heart rhythm, ECG monitoring, witnessed collapse and a previous medical history of; cancer, myocardial infarction or heart failure) the OR for 30-day survival was 0.46 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.94).ConclusionsIn-hospital cardiac arrest preceded by pulmonary aspiration occurred more often on general wards among unmonitored patients. These patients had a lower 30-day survival rate compared with IHCA caused by respiratory failure of other causes.
Studies an analytic model of a spherically symmetric compact object in Einsteinian gravity
Authors: Errehymy Abdelghani , Daoud Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose a new compact stellar object model existing in a space filled with a distribution of anisotropic fluid matter for stellar configuration exposed to the hydrostatic equilibrium. An analytical solution was obtained using dark-energy (DE), which is characterized by a equation of state (EoS) of the type$$p=\gamma \rho - \rho $$p=γρ-ρcorresponding to the external Schwarzschild vacuum solution through a thin envelope. We have imposed a collective function based on an adjustable coefficient to solve the Einstein field equations (EFEs). We investigate the general physical characteristics of high-density astrophysical objects based on the required solutions, with the inside structure of the stellar objects, such as the energy conditions, stability analysis, mass function, surface redshift function, velocity of sound and compactness of stellar objects through theoretical expression as well as graphic plots. In terms of our results, the physical behavior of this model can be used to model ultra-compact objects.
Algorithm 1004
Authors: Reizenstein Jeremy F. , Graham Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

Iterated-integral signatures and log signatures are sequences calculated from a path that characterizes its shape. They originate from the work of K. T. Chen and have become important through Terry Lyons’s theory of differential equations driven by rough paths, which is an important developing area of stochastic analysis. They have applications in statistics and machine learning, where there can be a need to calculate finite parts of them quickly for many paths. We introduce the signature and the most basic information (displacement and signed areas) that it contains. We present algorithms for efficiently calculating these signatures. For log signatures this requires consideration of the structure of free Lie algebras. We benchmark the performance of the algorithms. The methods are implemented in C++ and released as a Python extension package, which also supports differentiation. In combination with a machine learning library (Tensorflow, PyTorch, or Theano), this allows end-to-end learning of neural networks involving signatures.
Hyperbolic Embeddings for Near-Optimal Greedy Routing
Authors: Bläsius Thomas , Friedrich Tobias , Katzmann Maximilian , Krohmer Anton 
Published: March 2020

Greedy routing computes paths between nodes in a network by successively moving to the neighbor closest to the target with respect to coordinates given by an embedding into some metric space. Its advantage is that only local information is used for routing decisions. We present different algorithms for generating graph embeddings into the hyperbolic plane that are well suited for greedy routing. In particular, our embeddings guarantee that greedy routing always succeeds in reaching the target, and we try to minimize the lengths of the resulting greedy paths.
We evaluate our algorithm on multiple generated and real-world networks. For networks that are generally assumed to have a hidden underlying hyperbolic geometry, such as the Internet graph [3], we achieve near-optimal results (i.e., the resulting greedy paths are only slightly longer than the corresponding shortest paths). In the case of the Internet graph, they are only 6% longer when using our best algorithm, which greatly improves upon the previous best known embedding, whose creation required substantial manual intervention.
In addition to measuring the stretch, we empirically evaluate our algorithms regarding the size of the coordinates of the resulting embeddings and observe how it impacts the success rate when coordinates are not represented with very high precision. Since numerical difficulties are a major issue when performing computations in the hyperbolic plane, we consider variations of our algorithm that improve the success rate when using coordinates with lower precision.
The Matrix Revolution: Matricellular Proteins and Restructuring of the Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Gerarduzzi Casimiro , Hartmann Ursula , Leask Andrew , Drobetsky Elliot 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells is indispensable for regulating their behavior. The dynamics of ECM signaling are tightly controlled throughout growth and development. During tissue remodeling, matricellular proteins (MCP) are secreted into the ECM. These factors do not serve classical structural roles, but rather regulate matrix proteins and cell–matrix interactions to influence normal cellular functions. In the tumor microenvironment, it is becoming increasingly clear that aberrantly expressed MCPs can support multiple hallmarks of carcinogenesis by interacting with various cellular components that are coupled to an array of downstream signals. Moreover, MCPs also reorganize the biomechanical properties of the ECM to accommodate metastasis and tumor colonization. This realization is stimulating new research on MCPs as reliable and accessible biomarkers in cancer, as well as effective and selective therapeutic targets.
Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL Reveals BTK Inhibition as an Effective Strategy
Authors: Mato Anthony R. , Roeker Lindsey E. , Jacobs Ryan , Hill Brian T. , Lamanna Nicole , Brander Danielle , Shadman Mazyar , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Yazdy Maryam Sarraf , Perini Guilherme Fleury , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier A. , Barrientos Jacqueline , Skarbnik Alan P. , Torka Pallawi , Pu Jeffrey J. , Pagel John M. , Gohil Satyen , Fakhri Bita , Choi Michael , Coombs Catherine C. , Rhodes Joanna , Barr Paul M. , Portell Craig A. , Parry Helen , Garcia Christine A. , Whitaker Kate J. , Winter Allison M. , Sitlinger Andrea , Khajavian Sirin , Grajales-Cruz Ariel F. , Isaac Krista M. , Shah Pratik , Akhtar Othman S. , Pocock Rachael , Lam Kentson , Voorhees Timothy J. , Schuster Stephen J. , Rodgers Thomas D. , Fox Christopher P. , Martinez-Calle Nicolas , Munir Talha , Bhavsar Erica B. , Bailey Neil , Lee Jason C. , Weissbrot Hanna B. , Nabhan Chadi , Goodfriend Julie M. , King Amber C. , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Dorsey Colleen , Bigelow Kayla , Cheson Bruce D. , Allan John N. , Eyre Toby A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Venetoclax-based therapy is a standard-of-care option in first-line and relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patient management following venetoclax discontinuation remains nonstandard and poorly understood.

Experimental Design:
To address this, we conducted a large international study to identify a cohort of 326 patients who discontinued venetoclax and have been subsequently treated. Coprimary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival for the post-venetoclax treatments stratified by treatment type [Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki), and cellular therapies].

Results:
We identified patients with CLL who discontinued venetoclax in the first-line (4%) and relapsed/refractory settings (96%). Patients received a median of three therapies prior to venetoclax; 40% were BTKi naïve (n = 130), and 81% were idelalisib naïve (n = 263). ORR to BTKi was 84% (n = 44) in BTKi-naïve patients versus 54% (n = 30) in BTKi-exposed patients. We demonstrate therapy selection following venetoclax requires prior novel agent exposure consideration and discontinuation reasons.

Conclusions:
For BTKi-naïve patients, selection of covalently binding BTKis results in high ORR and durable remissions. For BTKi-exposed patients, covalent BTK inhibition is not effective in the setting of BTKi resistance. PI3Kis following venetoclax do not appear to result in durable remissions. We conclude that BTKi in naïve or previously responsive patients and cellular therapies following venetoclax may be the most effective strategies.
See related commentary by Rogers, p. 3501
Telomere Attrition in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Walsh Kyle M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors experience substantial treatment-related morbidity and biomarkers of long-term survivor health are needed. Leukocyte telomere length is shortened in childhood cancer survivors and associates with the occurrence of numerous chronic health conditions. Healthy lifestyle factors can attenuate telomere attrition in young-adult survivors, implicating critical windows for intervention.
See related article by Song et al., p. 2362
Analysis of Outcomes in 8304 Patients Undergoing Lead Extraction for Infection
Authors: Aleong Ryan G. , Zipse Matthew M. , Tompkins Christine , Aftab Muhammad , Varosy Paul , Sauer William , Kao David 
Published: March 2020

Background

Patients undergoing lead extraction for infected devices have worse outcomes compared with those with noninfected devices. We assessed predictors of in‐hospital mortality and procedure‐related major adverse events (
MAEs
) in a large cohort undergoing lead extraction.

Methods and Results

Deidentified hospital records procedure from 7 states between 1994 and 2013 were aggregated and
International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9)
procedure codes were used to identify hospital records reporting lead extraction.
MAEs
included death, cardiac tamponade, hemothorax, and need for emergent cardiac surgery. Predictors of in‐hospital
MAEs
for infected compared with noninfected leads were identified using multivariate regression. Associations between outcomes and specific microbe were also assessed. In total, 57 220 discharges specified lead extraction. Infected leads accounted for the minority of total lead extractions compared with fractured leads (16.1 versus 59.8%, 25.7% not reported). There were 3298
MAE
s (5.8%) including 980 deaths (1.7%). Multivariate predictors of
MAE
included black race, atrial fibrillation, anemia, heart failure, and admission via either hospital transfer or emergency department versus home (all
P
<0.001). Infected leads were associated with an increased risk of death (4.6% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.001) compared with leads with fracture only. Among patients with microbial data, staphylococcal infection was most common, whereas streptococcal infection was associated with the worst outcomes.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing extraction of infected leads have higher in‐hospital mortality and adverse events compared with noninfected leads. Streptococcus, anemia, and heart failure are predictors of adverse outcomes.
Screening Piety, Class, and Romance in Indonesia
Authors: Fox Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The collapse of the New Order ushered in what many had hoped would be a new era of openness and transparency for Indonesia. The loosening of laws pertaining to broadcast and print publication gave rise to a proliferation of new media and cultural production. This had a profound effect on everything, from politics, religion, and the economy to popular conceptions of romantic intimacy and personal accomplishment. The question is whether prevailing approaches to media and popular culture are adequate to the task of accounting for these oft-cited transformations in Indonesian public life. Focusing on issues of piety, class, and romance, this article examines a sequence of films, pop songs, and YouTube parody videos to offer a presuppositional critique of the current scholarship. Its central contention is that closer attention to pop culture as a form of ‘argument’ offers an important corrective to the reifying tendencies of prevailing approaches.
Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter with Cross Validation
Authors: Buehner Mark 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Many ensemble data assimilation (DA) approaches suffer from the so-called inbreeding problem. As a consequence, there is an excessive reduction in ensemble spread by the DA procedure, causing the analysis ensemble spread to systematically underestimate the uncertainty of the ensemble mean analysis. The stochastic EnKF used for operational NWP in Canada largely avoids this problem by applying cross validation, that is, using an independent subset of ensemble members for updating each member. The goal of the present study is to evaluate two new variations of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) that also incorporate cross validation. In idealized numerical experiments with Gaussian-distributed background ensembles, the two new LETKF approaches are shown to produce reliable analysis ensembles such that the ensemble spread closely matches the uncertainty of the ensemble mean, without any ensemble inflation. In ensemble DA experiments with highly nonlinear idealized forecast models, the deterministic version of the LETKF with cross validation quickly diverges, but the stochastic version produces better results, nearly identical to the stochastic EnKF with cross validation. In the context of a regional NWP system, ensemble DA experiments are performed with the two new LETKF-based approaches with cross validation, the standard LETKF, and the stochastic EnKF. All approaches with cross validation produce similar ensemble spread at the first analysis time, though the amplitude of the changes to the individual members is larger with the stochastic approaches. Over the 10-day period of the experiments, the fit of the ensemble mean background state to radiosonde observations is statistically indistinguishable for all approaches evaluated.
Satellite-Based Observations of Nonlinear Relationships between Vertical Wind Shear and Intensity Changes during the Life Cycle of Hurricane Joaquin (2015)
Authors: Elsberry Russell L. , Buholzer Natasha , Velden Christopher S. , Jordan Mary S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A CIMSS vertical wind shear (VWS-C) dataset based on reprocessed GOES-East atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) at 15-min intervals has a −0.36 correlation with the CIMSS Satellite Consensus (SATCON) intensity changes at 30-min intervals over the life cycle of Hurricane Joaquin (2015). Correlations are then calculated for four intensity change events including two rapid intensifications (RIs) and two decays, and four intensity change segments immediately before or after these events. During the first RI, the peak intensity increase of 16 kt (6 h)−1 (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) follows a small VWS-C decrease to a moderate 8 m s−1 value (negative correlation). A 30-h period of continued RI following the first peak RI occurred under moderate magnitude VWS-C (negative correlation), but with a rotation of the VWS-C direction to become more aligned with the southwestward heading of Joaquin. During the second RI, the peak intensity increase of 15 kt (6 h)−1 leads the rapid VWS-C increase (positive correlation), which the horizontal plots of VWS-C vectors demonstrate is related to an upper-tropospheric cyclone to the northeast of Joaquin. A conceptual model of ocean cooling within the anticyclonic track loop is proposed to explain a counterintuitive decreasing intensity when the VWS-C was also decreasing (positive correlation) during the Joaquin track reversal. These alternating negative and positive correlations during the four events and four segments of intensity change demonstrate the nonlinear relationships between the VWS-C and intensity changes during the life cycle of Joaquin that must be understood, analyzed, and modeled to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasts, and especially RI events.
Facial Paralysis and Communicative Participation: The Importance of Facial Symmetry at Rest
Authors: Ayoub Noel F. , Abdelwahab Mohamed , Zhang Michelle , Ma Yifei , Stranberg Sarah , Okland Tyler S. , Pepper Jon-Paul 
Published: March 2020

Objective: There is a paucity of research devoted to understanding the communication restrictions encountered by facial paralysis patients. We aim to explore the relationship between patient-reported restrictions in communicative participation and objective facial paralysis severity using validated scales of facial movement. Methods: We performed a pilot retrospective study using a consecutive series of adult patients with a diagnosis of unilateral facial paralysis. In addition to baseline demographics, subjects were evaluated using the Communicative Item Participation Bank Short Form (CPIB), Electronic Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation (eFACE), and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS). Results: Twenty patients were included, 10 (50%) of whom were female with a mean age of 61 ± 13 years and mean duration of facial paralysis of 53 ± 82 months. The mean CPIB score was 14.6 ± 10.0 (range 0-29) and was comparable to scores of patients with conditions known to cause significant communicative disability. The mean eFACE scores were 67.4 ± 29.2, 44.2 ± 30.1, and 73.8 ± 30.0 for the static, dynamic, and synkinesis domains, respectively, with a composite smile score of 58.5 ± 16.9. After adjusting for age, gender, and duration of facial paralysis, significant moderate correlations were observed between the CPIB and the static eFACE domain ( r = –0.51, P = .03) and smile composite score ( r = 0.48, P = 0.0049), in addition to between the CPIB and SFGS synkinesis domain ( r = 0.48, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Patients with unilateral facial paralysis experience significant limitations in communicative participation. These restrictions demonstrate moderate to strong correlations with objective assessments of facial paralysis and quality of life measures. Communicative participation may be a helpful means of tracking response to treatment. Level of Evidence: IV
Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats
Authors: Tanvetthayanont Potsawat , Ponglowhapan Suppawiwat , Thanaboonnipat Chutimon , Choisunirachon Nan 
Published: March 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats. Methods Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness. Results Regardless of gonadal status, the renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medulla thickness of males were greater than those of females ( P <0.05). In general, neutered cats had thicker medullae (0.36 ± 0.08 cm) and higher mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio (12.15 ± 1.48) than intact cats (0.32 ± 0.08 cm and 11.22 ± 1.37 cm, respectively) ( P <0.05), but no differences were observed in renal length, cortical thickness or aortic luminal diameter. Interestingly, when comparing between sexes with relatively equal body weight, only sex had an impact on renal length. Conclusions and relevance Gonadal status has an effect on medullary thickness and mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio.