bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civil Society and Social Mobilizations in the Context of the Rio Doce Socioenvironmental Disaster
Authors: Carlos Euzeneia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To explain how social movements and organizations changed in the context of the Rio Doce, Brazil socioenvironmental disaster, this article identifies a process of organizational innovation. The research is based on documental data and interviews with activists over the 3 y of the disaster. The main argument is that organizational innovation consists of changes in organizational forms and repertoires of collective action, based on existing organizational models and tactics. On the one hand, the innovation occurred through the territorialization of novel organizational forms, intermediated by social movements that act as incubators. On the other hand, it consisted of the combination among extrainstitutional, institutional, and multiscalar repertoires and in the innovation in tactics and performances. Mechanisms of adaptation, imitation, and negotiated diffusion are identified which operated in this innovation process. It is argued that the organizational innovation of social movements was propelled by political constraints of disaster governance, which pushed them to innovation, in addition to the role of preexisting organizations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:681–690. © 2020 SETAC
Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation*
Authors: de Jong IJsbrand H. , Arif Sigit Supadmo , Gollapalli Paavan Kumar Reddy , Neelam Patel , Nofal Eman Ragab , Reddy K. Yella , Röttcher Klaus , Zohrabi Narges 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAs a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present‐day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security.This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them.Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter‐sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost‐effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.
Astilbin ameliorates deoxynivalenol‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2)
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Yan Guorong , Chang Juan , Wang Ping , Yin Qingqiang , Liu Chaoqi , Liu Shuo , Zhu Qun , Lu Fushan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin, which often induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in humans and animals. Astilbin (AST), as a natural antioxidant, exhibits multiple pharmacological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AST on alleviating DON‐induced cytotoxicity in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2). The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/mL DON stimulation for 6 hours induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC‐J2 cells. AST enhanced the cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The addition of 20 μg/mL AST significantly increased cell viability, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, Bcl‐2 gene expression and the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio (P < .05), and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, malondialdehyde content and the relative expressions of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis such as interleukin‐6 and ‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, cyclooxygenase‐2, nuclear factor‐kappaB, Bax and caspase‐3 (P < .05). Simultaneously, zonula occludens‐1, claudin‐1 and PepT1 gene expressions were upregulated and occludin, ASCT2 and GLUT2 gene expressions were downregulated by the addition of AST, compared with the DON group (P < .05). These results indicated that 20 μg/mL AST could ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and intestinal barrier function, and reducing the expressions of inflammation and apoptosis genes, as well as improve the barrier function and nutrient transport and absorption in DON‐induced IPEC‐J2 cells.
Mechanistic details of metal‐free cyclization reaction of organophosphorus oxide with alkynes mediated by 2,6‐lutidine and Tf2O
Authors: Tian Jiamei , Yuan Haiyan , Zhang Jingping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTheoretical investigations have elucidated the mechanism of metal‐free electrophilic phosphinative cyclization of alkynes reaction reported by Miura and coworkers. Two competitive mechanisms I and II were explored without or with 2,6‐lutidine. Both of I and II involve transformation of P(V) to P(III), electrophilic addition, ring opening and cyclization/cyclization, hydrogen‐transfer, and oxidation. The rate‐determining step of mechanism I and competitive less‐step II is electrophilic [2 + 1] cycloaddition and electrophilic addition via single CP bond formation with activation barrier of 13.5 and 10.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Our calculation results suggested that the cumulative effect of the isomer of 2,6‐lutidine and Tf2O as well as TfO− affects the title reaction to some extent, and simultaneously activates key reaction sites and reverses the polarities of them via the formation of abundant noncovalent interactions to decrease activation barriers of TSs. In addition, the effects of two series substituents on reactivity of phosphine oxide were investigated. Therefore, our study will serve as useful guidance for more efficient metal‐free synthesis of organophosphorus compounds mediated by pyridine reagents.
Monolayer self‐organization of cyclodextrins on carbon surface
Authors: Bykov Egor S. , Kopytin Kirill A. , Onuchak Lyudmila A. , Blatov Vladislav A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA quantum‐chemical semi‐empirical PM3 and Gaussian 09 method has been used to evaluate the structure of a monolayer of α‐ and β‐cyclodextrins on a carbon surface. The adsorption energies for various types of packing of cyclodextrin molecules in a dense monolayer have been calculated. It has been established that the monolayers with the “sideway” orientation of the cyclodextrin molecules to the carbon surface are most energetically favorable.
Packing cliques in 3‐uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Javadi Ramin , Poorhadi Ehsan , Fallah Farshad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor positive integers , a collection of ‐subsets of an ‐set is called a ‐packing if every ‐subset of appears in at most one set in . In this paper, we investigate the existence of the maximum 3‐packings whenever is sufficiently larger than . When , the optimal value for the size of a 3‐packing is settled. In other cases, lower and upper bounds are obtained where mostly differ by an additive constant depending only on but one case that they differ by a linear bound in .
β‐Mangostin inhibits the metastatic power of cervical cancer cells attributing to suppression of JNK2/AP‐1/Snail cascade
Authors: Lin Chun‐Shiang , Lin Chia‐Liang , Ying Tsung‐Ho , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Hung Chia‐Hung , Liao Wei‐Shan , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Kao Shao‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstractβ‐Mangostin is a natural mangostin with potent anticancer activity against various cancers. In this study, we further explored the anticancer activity of β‐mangostin on cervical cancer cells. β‐Mangostin did not affect cell viability and cell cycle distribution in HeLa and SiHa cells; however, it dose‐dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of both the human cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, we observed that β‐mangostin suppressed the expression of integrin αV and β3 and the downstream focal adhesion kinase/Src signaling. We also found that Snail was involved in the β‐mangostin inhibited cell migration and invasion of HeLa cell. Then, our findings showed that β‐mangostin reduced both nuclear translocation and messenger RNA expression of AP‐1 and demonstrated that AP‐1 could target to the Snail promoter and induce Snail expression. Kinase cascade analysis and reporter assay showed that JNK2 was involved in the inhibition of AP‐1/Snail axis by β‐mangostin in HeLa cells. These results indicate that β‐mangostin can inhibit the mobility and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells, which may attribute to the suppression of both integrin/Src signaling and JNK2‐mediated AP‐1/Snail axis. This suggests that β‐mangostin has potential antimetastatic potential against cervical cancer cells.
microRNAs involved in T‐cell development, selection, activation, and hemostasis
Authors: Emamgolizadeh Gurt Tapeh Behnam , Mosayyebi Bashir , Samei Mahdieh , Beyrampour Basmenj Hanieh , Mohammadi Ali , Alivand Mohammad R. , Hassanpour Parviz , Solali Saeed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) characterized by small, noncoding RNAs have a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Additionally, miRNAs have recently been identified as potential regulators of various genes involved in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune and inflammatory disease. So far, the interaction between miRNAs and T lymphocytes in the immune response as a new and significant topic has not been emphasized substantially. The role of miRNAs in different biological processes including apoptosis, immune checkpoints and the activation of immune cells is still unclear. Aberrant miRNA expression profile affects various aspects of T‐cell function. Accordingly, in this literature review, we summarized the role of significant miRNAs in T‐cell development processes. Consequently, we demonstrated precise mechanisms that candidate miRNAs interfere in Immune response mediated by different types of T cells. We believe that a good understanding of the interaction between miRNAs and immune response contributes to the new therapeutic strategies in relation to disease with an immunological origin.
Expression and function of the nonclassical estrogen receptor, GPR30, in human cartilage and chondrocytes
Authors: Ribeiro Madalena , Sousa Cátia , Rufino Ana T. , Judas Fernando , Mendes Alexandrina F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEstrogen hormones are important for cartilage homeostasis, but nothing is known regarding the expression and role of the membrane G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), in adult articular chondrocytes. Using immunohistochemistry of cartilage sections, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot of chondrocyte extracts, we found that these cells express GPR30. Nonetheless, the pattern of bands detected by two distinct antibodies does not overlap, suggesting that the proteins detected represent partially degraded forms of the receptor. Treatment with GPR30 agonists did not induce Akt or ERK1/2 phosphorylation, two known GPR30‐activated signaling pathways, suggesting that GPR30 is not functional in human chondrocytes. Therefore, the protective anti‐osteoarthritic role of estrogen hormones in cartilage homeostasis is likely independent of GPR30. This study was performed using human cartilage collected from the distal femoral condyles of multiorgan donors at the Bone and Tissue Bank of the University and Hospital Center of Coimbra.
Cimetidine a promising radio‐protective agent through modulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio: An in vivo study in male rats
Authors: Estaphan Suzanne , Abdel‐Malek Raafat , Rashed Laila , Mohamed Enas Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is one of the most effective modalities for treatment of neoplastic diseases. Radiation damage is to a large extent caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. To improve the therapeutic index, identifying effective substances for prevention or treatment of postirradiation intestinal and bone marrow injury should be prompted. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of cimetidine on the in rats exposed to γ‐irradiation (5 Gy) and exploring the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2 associated X (bax) pathway as a probable underlying mechanism. Eighteen adult male rats were randomly grouped into three: control, untreated irradiated rats, and irradiated rats pretreated with cimetidine. Seven days postirradiation the rats were culled, the bone marrow (BM) and jejunum tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and immunohistological evaluation of BM cell count (BMCs), intestinal fibrosis, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor‐α, Bcl2, and Bax. Cimetidine pretreatment significantly reversed the loss of BMCs, intestinal lining destruction, and fibrosis seen in the untreated irradiated rats and significantly decreased the underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. There was a significant differential correlation between Bax/Bcl2 ratio, tissue oxidative stress level, and tissue injury. Cimetidine represents a very promising radioprotective agent with a potential differential beneficial effect on both cancer cells (inducing apoptosis) as previously proved through different studies and adjacent healthy cells (providing radioprotection via inhibiting apoptosis) as clearly demonstrated through this study, via its antioxidant effect and subsequent regulation of type 2 apoptotic pathway through modulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio.
lncRNA HOTAIRM1 promotes osteogenesis of hDFSCs by epigenetically regulating HOXA2 via DNMT1 in vitro
Authors: Chen Zhengyuan , Zheng Jinxuan , Hong Hong , Chen Dongru , Deng Lidi , Zhang Xueqin , Ling Junqi , Wu Liping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDental follicle (DF) can develop into periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Possessing superior pluripotency and osteogenic capacity, dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have become a promising stem cell source for bone regeneration and periodontal engineering. However, the mechanisms underlying DFSCs‐mediated osteogenesis remain elusive. Our previous long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray revealed that lncRNA HOTAIRM1 was significantly higher expressed in human DFSCs (hDFSCs) compared with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). lncRNA HOTAIRM1, an antisense transcript of the HOXA1/2 intergenic region, can epigenetically regulate proximal and distant HOXA genes through histone and DNA methylation. HOXA2, a target of HOTAIRM1, is crucial for cranial neural crest morphogenesis, branchial arches development, and osteogenesis. However, the roles of both HOTAIRM1 and HOXA2 in odontogenic stem cells remain unknown. Here, we investigated the functions and regulatory mechanisms of these two genes in hDFSCs. Both genes were confirmed highly expressed in hDFSCs compared with hPDLSCs, and they displayed similar expression patterns in the DF and surrounding periodontium during mice tooth morphogenesis. Knockdown of either HOTAIRM1 or HOXA2 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs, while overexpressed HOTAIRM1 inhibited hDFSCs proliferation and promoted osteogenesis. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 inhibited both overall DNMT1 expression and DNMT1 enrichment on HOXA2 promoter, mechanically binding to the CpG islands of the HOXA2 promoter region, leading to hypomethylation and HOXA2 induction. These findings suggested that HOTAIRM1 promoted the osteogenesis of hDFSCs by epigenetically regulating HOXA2 via DNMT1. Taken together, HOTARIM1 and HOXA2 exerted pivotal functions in hDFSCs, and the regulatory mechanism of HOTARIM1 within the HOXA cluster was uncovered.
Phytochemicals modulate cancer aggressiveness: A review depicting the anticancer efficacy of dietary polyphenols and their combinations
Authors: Mitra Tulika , Bhattacharya Rahul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer is referred to as the “Emperor of all maladies” accounting for the second‐highest mortality rates worldwide. Major factors associated with cancer lethality are uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and frequent recurrence. The conventional therapeutic drugs used in cancer therapy have been associated with numerous damaging side‐effects that call for the use of alternative therapeutic options. The natural plant compounds (NPCs) have been found to be effective against diverse groups of diseases including cancer. Among the different types, the polyphenolic phytochemicals like curcumin, (−)epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, Resveratrol, and nimbolide which are predominant parts of daily dietary intake have proved their potency in reducing the aggressive properties of cancer. Here, we have highlighted the mechanisms through which these NPCs influence growth, metastatic potential, and the drug‐resistant behavior of different cancer types. Moreover, we have also emphasized on their function as modulators of the immune system as well as the metabolic properties of the tumor. The role of these phytochemicals in reducing cancer progression has been highlighted when administered unaided or in combination with similar group of compounds. Moreover, their ability to enhance the drug‐sensitivity of cancer cells which accounts for their use in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has also been discussed in this article. Therefore, co‐administration of these phytochemicals with chemically similar group members or with conventional chemotherapeutics may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for cancer.
Folic acid rescues corticosteroid‐induced vertebral malformations in chick embryos through targeting TGF‐β signaling
Authors: Cai Hongmei , Lin Li , Wang Guang , Berman Zachary , Yang Xuesong , Cheng Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFolic acid (FA) is routinely supplemented in the food of pregnant women or women planning a pregnancy, but whether FA exerts a positive effect on preventing fetal bone malformation remains obscure. In this study, we first exposed chick embryos with different concentrations of FA (1–10,000 pmol/egg) and studied vertebral mineralization and ossification through alcian blue and alizarin red as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining. Morphological measurements of the thoracic vertebral bodies demonstrated that 100 pmol/egg FA exhibited the tendency of shortening the growth plate, extended the ossification center, and increased the amount of Type I collagen. Second, we suggested that FA treatment promotes osteogenesis by demonstrating increased RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix expressions in MC3T3‐E1 and ATDC5 cells. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling was also upregulated by FA exposure, and addition of smad2/3 small interfering RNA knocks down FA‐induced increased p‐smad2/3, Runx2, and Osterix expression in vitro during chondrogenesis induction. Third, we employed dexamethasone (Dex), exposed chick embryos as an animal model of skeletal developmental retardation, to explore whether FA could rescue the loss of embryonic bone mass. Micro‐computed tomography imaging showed that the addition of FA improved the reduction of bone mass in our model. Histological analysis of the vertebral bodies revealed that FA dramatically improved the delayed turnover of the zones of growth plate caused by Dex exposure. Immunofluorescence on the chick embryonic vertebrae and chondrocytes showed that FA supplementation upregulated the expression of TGF‐β1, p‐smad2/3, and improved Runx2 as well as Osterix expression in the Dex + FA group compared with the Dex group. Lastly, we found that supplementation with TGF‐β1 (1 ng/egg) rescued bone mass loss caused by Dex as was also seen in FA exposure. Taken together these results, our data revealed that FA supplementation was able to rescue Dex exposure‐induced inhibitive osteogenesis through targeting on the TGF‐β signaling pathway.
Specific inhibition of FAK signaling attenuates subchondral bone deterioration and articular cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis pathogenesis
Authors: Wu Hangtian , Xu Ting , Chen Zhigang , Wang Yutian , Li Kaiqun , Chen Pei‐Sheng , Yao Zilong , Su Jianwen , Cheng Caiyu , Wu Xiaohu , Zhang Hongan , Chai Yu , Zhang Xianrong , Hu Yanjun , Yu Bin , Cui Zhuang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a disease of the entire joint, is characterized by abnormal bone remodeling and coalescent degradation of articular cartilage. We have previously found that elevated levels of H‐type vessels in subchondral bone correlate with OA and that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for H‐type vessel formation in osteoporosis. However, the potential role of FAK in OA remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the p‐FAK level was dramatically elevated in subchondral bone following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Specific inhibition of FAK signaling with Y15 in subchondral bone resulted in the suppression of subchondral bone deterioration and this effect was mediated by H‐type vessel‐induced ectopic bone formation. Further, articular cartilage degeneration was also alleviated after Y15 treatment. In vitro, the p‐FAK level was significantly elevated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats as compared to that in MSCs from sham controls and Y15‐treated ACLT rats. Elevated p‐FAK level in MSCs promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, as demonstrated from the high VEGF level in the blood, subchondral bone, and conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats. The CM of MSCs from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats might promote the angiogenesis of endothelial cells and the catabolic response of chondrocytes through the FAK‐growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐mediated expression of VEGF. The effect of the CM from MSCs of Y15‐treated ACLT rats or that treated with a VEGF‐neutralizing antibody on vessel formation and the catabolic response was lowered. Thus, the specific inhibition of FAK signaling may be a promising avenue for the prevention or early treatment of OA.