bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Numerical Modeling of Compound Flooding Caused by Tropical Storm Matthew Over a Data‐Scarce Coastal Environment
Authors: Zhang Ying , Najafi Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe passage of a tropical storm, as the main driver of storm surge and high waves in many coastal regions, can also generate heavy rainfall and cause river overflow. The resulting combination of riverine, pluvial, and coastal flood hazard can result in catastrophic losses particularly in densely populated coastal environments. In this study, we characterize compound flooding caused by Tropical Storm Matthew and assess the significance and associated uncertainties of multiple contributing factors over a data‐scarce coastal region. A hydrological model combined with a simplified two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model are set up and validated to investigate the compounding effects of storm tide, wave runup, rainfall, and river overflow at the southern coast of Saint Lucia in the Caribbean Sea. Pléiades‐1 and Sentinel‐1 satellite imageries are used to determine the flood‐impacted areas. The analyses are performed based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches and the effects of uncertain boundary conditions and model parameters are investigated. Results show that the individual analysis of flood hazards, in isolation, can lead to substantial underestimation of flood risks. Heavy rainfall and wave runup are the most significant contributors to compound flooding in Saint Lucia. In addition, the interactions between seawater and streamflow can exacerbate riverine flood hazards particularly upstream of the river mouth. Communities in western Vieux Fort, and the Hewanorra International Airport, have high exposure to compound flooding, which is projected to intensify under climate change.
EZH2-dependent epigenetic modulation of histone H3 lysine-27 contributes to psoriasis by promoting keratinocyte proliferation
Authors: Zhang Tongmei , Yang Luting , Ke Yao , Lei Jie , Shen Shengxian , Shao Shuai , Zhang Chen , Zhu Zhenlai , Dang Erle , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation. While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating the proliferation of keratinocytes, little is known about the epigenetic factors that control this process. EZH2 and EZH2 mediated trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) was previously shown ectopically expressed in carcinoma and mediated proliferation, thereby we sought to clarify the role of EZH2–H3K27me3 in the proliferation of psoriatic keratinocyte. Interestingly, we found that EZH2 and H3K27me3 were both overexpressed in the epidermis of psoriatic lesional skin compared to normal skin. In vitro, the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 was stimulated in human keratinocytes treated with mixture of psoriasis-related cytokines pool (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22). Knockdown of EZH2 significantly reduced keratinocyte proliferative activity. Results from mRNA microarray analysis suggested that Kallikrein-8 (KLK8) might be the target gene of EZH2 in psoriatic keratinocytes. Overexpression or knockdown KLK8 could partially reverse the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes caused by knockdown or overexpression of EZH2. In vivo, the inhibitor of EZH2, GSK126 could ameliorate the imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesion. These results suggest that EZH2 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in monoacylglycerol or ethyl ester in humans: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chevalier Laurie , Plourde Mélanie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
A diet low in omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) results in low plasma concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the two main long chain n-3 FA. n-3 FA supplements on the market are esterified in triglycerides (TG) or ethyl ester (EE); the latter is absorbed less than other esterification forms. The objective of this study was to test and compare the pharmacokinetics of n-3 FA esterified in monoacylglycerides (MAG), a predigested form, with the EE form.

Methods
This study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled, clinical trial. Ten men and ten women between 18 and 60 years old were recruited. Participants received a single oral dose of 3 g of n-3 FA esterified in EE or MAG. Eleven blood samples were collected over 24 h post-dose. Plasma total lipids were extracted, methylated, and analyzed using gas chromatography.

Results
After receiving the MAG form, plasma EPA and DHA peaked at a concentration 3 and 2.5 times higher, respectively, than with the EE form. When provided in MAG form, n-3 FA plasma concentration during the absorption phase was on average 3–5 times higher than in EE form. When n-3 FAs were provided esterified in MAG, their concentration 24 h post-dose was higher than in EE. Males had a lower n-3 FA plasma concentration than females when n-3 FAs were provided in EE but there was no sexe difference when provided in MAG.

Conclusions
Plasma concentration of DHA and EPA was higher when provided in MAG than EE form.
Low‐profile dual‐polarised metasurface‐enabled antenna array for base‐station applications
Authors: Ji Shuang , Liu Changrong , Liu Xueguan , Yang Xinmi 
Published: October 2020

This Letter presents a dual linearly polarised microstrip antenna for base station applications. Firstly, a dual‐polarised metasurface‐based antenna element employing differential feeding technology is proposed. The proposed antenna element achieves a simulated bandwidth of 11.6% for |S 11 | < −15 dB, mutual coupling better than 30 dB, and the cross‐polarisation discrimination level over 35 dB. Secondly, based on the antenna element, a 3 × 3 antenna array is eventually presented, which was fabricated and characterised. The measured bandwidth is 12% for |S 11 | < −10 dB, and the port‐isolation is over 25 dB. The superiorities of low‐profile and high port isolation indicate that the proposed design is a promising candidate for sub‐6G base‐station applications.
Dynamic phase transitions in freestanding polymer thin films
Authors: Ivancic Robert J. S. , Riggleman Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
As a bulk supercooled liquid approaches the glass transition temperature, spatiotemporal fluctuations in dynamics increase by orders of magnitude. While this effect is fundamental to the glass transition, few have studied how confinement affects this dynamic heterogeneity. Here, we examine this effect in thin films through the lens of the dynamic phase transition from high- to low-mobility dynamic states in a set of model freestanding thin films. We find that changes in this dynamic transition are similar to deviations in thermodynamic transitions under confinement due to capillary condensation. Furthermore, these changes are reminiscent of several atypical features of the glass transition observed in ultrathin film experiments, suggesting a possible link between our simulations and experiments.
CO
2
-leakage-driven diffusiophoresis causes spontaneous accumulation of charged materials in channel flow
Authors: Shim Suin , Stone Howard A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Particle-laden flow is ubiquitous in physiological and diagnostic systems, where usually the particles (e.g., colloidal particles, cells, macromolecules, etc.) gain a nonzero net surface charge when suspended in an aqueous phase. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been the most popular material used for microfluidic fabrications for the past two decades. Its high gas permeability is well appreciated, but the possible influence of gas leakage on the motion of charged particles has not been recognized. By systematic experiments and model calculations, we demonstrate that initial (early time) gas leakage through PDMS can create a charge-dependent accumulation of particles in common channel flows by diffusiophoresis and show that the phenomenon can be applied to concentrating and collecting proteins.
The logic of universalization guides moral judgment
Authors: Levine Sydney , Kleiman-Weiner Max , Schulz Laura , Tenenbaum Joshua , Cushman Fiery 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceHumans have several different ways to decide whether an action is wrong: We might ask whether it causes harm or whether it breaks a rule. Moral psychology attempts to understand the mechanisms that underlie moral judgments. Inspired by theories of “universalization” in moral philosophy, we describe a mechanism that is complementary to existing approaches, demonstrate it in both adults and children, and formalize a precise account of its cognitive mechanisms. Specifically, we show that, when making judgments in novel circumstances, people adopt moral rules that would lead to better consequences if (hypothetically) universalized. Universalization may play a key role in allowing people to construct new moral rules when confronting social dilemmas such as voting and environmental stewardship.
Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water
Authors: Gartner Thomas E. , Zhang Linfeng , Piaggi Pablo M. , Car Roberto , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. , Debenedetti Pablo G. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Water is central across much of the physical and biological sciences and exhibits physical properties that are qualitatively distinct from those of most other liquids. Understanding the microscopic basis of water’s peculiar properties remains an active area of research. One intriguing hypothesis is that liquid water can separate into metastable high- and low-density liquid phases at low temperatures and high pressures, and the existence of this liquid–liquid transition could explain many of water’s anomalous properties. We used state-of-the-art approaches in computational quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and machine learning and obtained evidence consistent with a liquid–liquid transition, supporting the argument for the existence of this phenomenon in real water.
Gray Platelet Syndrome Presenting With Pancytopenia, Splenomegaly, and Bone Marrow Fibrosis
Authors: Tariq Hamza , Perez Botero Juliana , Higgins Russell A , Medina Edward A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare platelet storage pool disorder associated with a marked decrease or absence of platelet α-granules and their contents. It is characterized clinically by mild to moderate bleeding; moderate macrothrombocytopenia with large, agranular platelets; splenomegaly; and bone marrow fibrosis. Electron microscopy confirms markedly reduced or absent α-granules in platelets and megakaryocytes. The classic description of GPS is caused by homozygous mutations in NBEAL2 (neurobeachinlike 2).

Methods
A 28-year-old Hispanic man with a history of easy bruising and occasional episodes of epistaxis sought treatment for pancytopenia and splenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow analysis, electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing were performed.

Results
Large and agranular platelets were present in the peripheral blood. There was bone marrow fibrosis. Electron microscopy of the platelets showed absence of α-granules. Next-generation sequencing revealed a germline apparently homozygous nonsense variant in the NBEAL2 gene: c.5674C&gt;T, p.Gln1892X (p.Q1829X).

Conclusions
The differential diagnosis of GPS includes a myeloid neoplasm such as myelodysplastic syndrome with bone marrow fibrosis. The availability of diagnostic genetic panels for hereditable platelet disorders can assist in the recognition of GPS and other platelet disorders. We also describe a previously unreported pathogenic germline homozygous nonsense variant in the NBEAL2 gene: c.5674C&gt;T, p.Gln1892X (p.Q1829X) in a patient with GPS.
Tracing the footsteps of autophagy in computational biology
Authors: Sarmah Dipanka Tanu , Bairagi Nandadulal , Chatterjee Samrat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation of unwanted materials like damaged mitochondria and misfolded proteins. However, the contribution of autophagy toward a healthy cell environment is not only limited to the cleaning process. It also assists in protein synthesis when the system lacks the amino acids’ inflow from the extracellular environment due to diet consumptions. Reduction in the autophagy process is associated with diseases like cancer, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, etc., while uncontrolled autophagy may facilitate cell death. We need a better understanding of the autophagy processes and their regulatory mechanisms at various levels (molecules, cells, tissues). This demands a thorough understanding of the system with the help of mathematical and computational tools. The present review illuminates how systems biology approaches are being used for the study of the autophagy process. A comprehensive insight is provided on the application of computational methods involving mathematical modeling and network analysis in the autophagy process. Various mathematical models based on the system of differential equations for studying autophagy are covered here. We have also highlighted the significance of network analysis and machine learning in capturing the core regulatory machinery governing the autophagy process. We explored the available autophagic databases and related resources along with their attributes that are useful in investigating autophagy through computational methods. We conclude the article addressing the potential future perspective in this area, which might provide a more in-depth insight into the dynamics of autophagy.
Is the age of plant communities predicted by the age, stability and soil composition of the underlying landscapes? An investigation of OCBILs
Authors: De Souza Cortez Maria Beatriz , Folk Ryan A , Grady Charles J , Spoelhof Jonathan P , Smith Stephen A , Soltis Douglas E , Soltis Pamela S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) have been hypothesized to harbour an elevated number of persistent plant lineages and are predicted to occur across different parts of the globe, interspersed with other types of landscapes. We tested whether the mean age of a plant community is associated with occurrence on OCBILs, as predicted by climatic stability and poor soil environments. Using digitized occurrence data for seed plants occurring in Australia (7033 species), sub-Saharan Africa (3990 species) and South America (44 482 species), regions that comprise commonly investigated OCBILs (Southwestern Australian Floristic Region, Greater Cape Floristic Region and campos rupestres), and phylogenies pruned to match the species occurrences, we tested for associations between environmental data (current climate, soil composition, elevation and climatic stability) and two novel metrics developed here that capture the age of a community (mean tip length and mean node height). Our results indicate that plant community ages are influenced by a combination of multiple environmental predictors that vary globally; we did not find statistically strong associations between the environments of OCBIL areas and community age, in contrast to the prediction for these landscapes. The Cape Floristic Region was the only OCBIL that showed a significant, although not strong, overlap with old communities.
In vitro models of the human endometrium: evolution and application for women’s health+
Authors: Fitzgerald Harriet C , Schust Danny J , Spencer Thomas E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that undergoes complex regeneration and differentiation during the human menstrual cycle. The process of endometrial shedding, regeneration, and differentiation is driven by ovarian steroid hormones and prepares the endometrium and intrauterine environment for embryo implantation and pregnancy establishment. Endometrial glands and their secretions are essential for pregnancy establishment, and cross talk between the glandular epithelium and stromal cells appears vital for decidualization and placental development. Despite being crucial, the biology of the human endometrium during pregnancy establishment and most of pregnancy is incomplete, given the ethical and practical limitations of obtaining and studying endometrium from pregnant women. As such, in vitro models of the human endometrium are required to fill significant gaps in understanding endometrial biology. This review is focused on the evolution and development of in vitro three-dimensional models of the human endometrium and provides insight into the challenges and promises of those models to improve women’s reproductive health.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection in Adult Patients With Acute Leukemia
Authors: Zhao Yuanqi , Lin Qingsong , Liu Li , Ma Runzhi , Chen Juan , Shen Yuyan , Zhu Guoqing , Jiang Erlie , Mi Yingchang , Han Mingzhe , Wang Jianxiang , Feng Sizhou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common complication in patients with acute leukemia (AL), and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains poses a serious problem. However, there is limited information regarding antibiotic resistance, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of PA BSI in AL patients. This study explored characteristics associated with the clinical outcomes of AL patients with PA BSI and analyzed factors associated with BSI caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) or carbapenem-resistant strains.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study enrolled hospitalized AL patients who developed PA BSI during January 2014–December 2019. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed.

Results
Of 293 eligible patients with PA BSI, 55 (18.8%) received inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy within 48 hours of BSI onset, whereas up to 65.8% MDR-PA BSI patients received inappropriate empirical treatment. The 30-day mortality rate was 8.5% for all patients. However, the 30-day mortality rates were 28.9% and 5.5% in MDR-PA BSI and non–MDR-PA BSI patients, respectively (P &lt; .001). On multivariate analysis, previous use of quinolones (odds ratio [OR], 5.851 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.638–12.975]) and piperacillin/tazobactam (OR, 2.837 [95% CI, 1.151–6.994]) were independently associated with MDR-PA BSI; and MDR-PA BSI (OR, 7.196 [95% CI, 2.773–18.668]), perianal infection (OR, 4.079 [95% CI, 1.401–11.879]), pulmonary infection (OR, 3.028 [95% CI, 1.231–7.446]), and age ≥55 years (OR, 2.871 [95% CI, 1.057–7.799]) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality.

Conclusions
MDR increases mortality risk in PA BSI patients, and previous antibiotic exposure is important in MDR-PA BSI development. Rational antibiotic use based on local antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics can help reduce antibiotic resistance and mortality.
Different drivers, common mechanism; the distribution of a reef fish is restricted by local-scale oxygen and temperature constraints on aerobic metabolism
Authors: Duncan Murray I , James Nicola C , Potts Warren M , Bates Amanda E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe distributions of ectothermic marine organisms are limited to temperature ranges and oxygen conditions that support aerobic respiration, quantified within the metabolic index (ϕ) as the ratio of oxygen supply to metabolic oxygen demand. However, the utility of ϕ at local scales and across heterogenous environments is unknown; yet, these scales are often where actionable management decisions are made. Here, we test if ϕ can delimit the entire distribution of marine organisms when calibrated across an appropriate temperature range and at local scales (~10 km) using the endemic reef fish, Chrysoblephus laticeps, which is found in the highly heterogenous temperature and oxygen environment along the South African coastal zone, as a model species. In laboratory experiments, we find a bidirectional (at 12°C) hypoxia tolerance response across the temperature range tested (8 to 24°C), permitting a piecewise calibration of ϕ. We then project this calibrated ϕ model through temperature and oxygen data from a high spatial resolution (11 to 13 km) ocean model for the periods 2005 to 2009 and 2095 to 2099 to quantify various magnitudes of ϕ across space and time paired with complementary C. laticeps occurrence points. Using random forest species distribution models, we quantify a critical ϕ value of 2.78 below which C. laticeps cannot persist and predict current and future distributions of C. laticeps in line with already observed distribution shifts of other South African marine species. Overall, we find that C. laticeps’ distribution is limited by increasing temperatures towards its warm edge but by low oxygen availability towards its cool edge, which is captured within ϕ at fine scales and across heterogenous oxygen and temperature combinations. Our results support the application of ϕ for generating local- and regional-scale predictions of climate change effects on organisms that can inform local conservation management decisions.
The Temporal Dynamics of Two Morpho Fabricius, 1807 Species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are Affected Differently by Fire in the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Nascimento André Rangel , Malinov Ivan Konstantinov , Freire Geraldo , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Diniz Ivone Rezende 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fire is one of the main disturbance agents globally and one of the main threats on the Brazilian cerrado (Neotropical savanna), acting as environmental filter for species selection. Individuals of Morpho helenor achillides (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867) and M. menelaus coeruleus (Perry, 1810) were captured weekly using entomological nets and fruit-baited traps over a 36-mo period (from May 2005 to April 2008). The present study analyzed the impact of a fire event in both the above species, showing that they present different responses to this disturbance. Morpho helenor was persistent as adults during the dry season, which could fly away from the flames to neighbor unburned areas and return after dry-season bushfires. Conversely, Morpho menelaus persists only as caterpillars during the dry season, which are unable to escape from the flames resulting in high impacts on local population (the species was not captured up to the end of this study). In addition, based on host plant species reported in the literature, we assigned a broader host plant range to M. helenor, suggesting that a generalist diet could help in the maintenance of individuals during the dry season, as they have more options to breed all year round. A better understanding of the temporal dynamics of adult and immature stages could help predict the amplitude of the impacts of dry season fire events on insects, especially when preventive fires are strategically used inside protected areas.