bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration of hydrocarbon liquid in unsaturated laterite soil with dissimilar volume and moisture content
Authors: Rashid M F Abd , Alias N , Ahmad K , Sa’ari R , Ramli M Z , Ibrahim Z , Shahrin M I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Groundwater contaminations due to hydrocarbon or organic solvent spills in saturated or unsaturated zones affect the water resources. The quantity of hydrocarbon spills in the groundwater might influence the hydrocarbon migration. In addition, the soil moisture content in influencing the rate of migration is also unknown. Therefore, this paper presents the investigation migration of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in unsaturated laterite soil with two dissimilar moisture contents and different of LNAPL volume. These lab-scale studies discuss the results of migration phenomena by employing image analysis by using soil column, mirror, LNAPL, and Nikon D90 digital camera. Aggregated soil was poured and compressed in an acrylic column until 100 mm height. Then LNAPL was poured onto the soil column surface instantaneously. The LNAPL migration pattern in laterite soil was monitored and recorded using digital image processing technique (DIPT) at certain time intervals then were processed with Surfer software and Matlab routine for plotting the LNAPL migration pattern. As a result, the analysis displayed the higher rate migration of LNAPL with high moisture content and bigger amount of LNAPL volume. However, the rates of LNAPL migration decrease with lower moisture content and small amount of LNAPL volume. The migration time required to reach bottom of soil was longer for low moisture content with smaller amount of LNAPL volume as compared to the high moisture content with bigger amount of LNAPL volume.
Dimensional analysis relationship of lateral migration rate based on river physical model
Authors: Zamri Z , Abdullah J , Ariffin J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
River meandering is a net outcome of erosion and deposition It initiates and develops width adjustment and planform evolution. Meandering process involves adjustment of the planimetric geometry and hydraulic factors. Many structures built within the vicinity of the river such as bridges, waterways/navigation and flood control contraptions are affected by river meandering and its distance. This research was carried out on a physical river channel model measuring 10m long, 2.4m wide and 1.8m deep located at Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam. Correlation analysis between the lateral migration rate, M and mean velocity, Umean to other variables. According to the physical consideration on lateral migration rate, M, there are three (3) major categories affecting channel bankline migration. There are hydraulic characteristics, water properties and soil properties, of which the latter is resistance to erosion. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the factors governing lateral migration rate for the development of an empirical model to predict lateral migration rate under the influence of non-migrating mid-bar.
Investigation of the best fit probability distribution for annual maximum rainfall in Kelantan River Basin
Authors: Ng J L , Yap S Y , Huang Y F , Noh N I F Md , Al-Mansob R A , Razman R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flooding is one of the natural disasters that happens annually in Malaysia. Flooding is induced by the extreme rainfall event and this can cause severe impacts in terms of environment, society, health and safety. Consequently, investigating the best fit probability distribution for annual maximum rainfall can provide the fundamental ideas for government departments and relevant authorities to mitigate the flooding problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the best fit probability distribution in describing the characteristics of annual maximum rainfall for the period of 1994 to 2013 at the Kelantan River Basin. The Gamma, Gumbel, Generalized Extreme Value and Log Pearson Type-III distributions were fitted to the historical rainfall series. Three goodness of fit tests, namely the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the Anderson-Darling and the Chi-Square tests were used to evaluate the probability distributions. The performances of each probability distribution generated by the goodness of fit tests were compared. Overall, the Generalized Extreme Value distribution seems to be the best fit probability distribution for the annual maximum rainfall at most of the rainfall stations except for the RPS Kuala Betis station that had the Log Pearson Type-III distribution as its best fit.
Assessment of water quality conditions in the Upper Johor River Basin
Authors: Mohamad K A , Othman I K , Jamal M H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The water quality data from 2 sampling stations in the Upper Johor River Basin (Upper Johor River and Sayong River) were analysed to evaluate the water quality conditions. The variation in water quality parameters between base and storm flow events were compared to identify the pollutant sources. The results indicated that Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was the main cause for non-point source pollution of the study area. The overall water quality conditions were good in terms of dissolved oxygen and total nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus). The dominant sources of BOD could be from the fertiliser timing and application. Different from BOD, the majority of the water quality samples were from baseflow events for dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The major differences between four water quality parameters are failing septic system, oil palm mills, wastewater treatment plants and domestic waste. The results from this research would provide useful information for total maximum daily load calculation, establishment of watershed and nutrient model, and development of Best Management Practices for the Upper Johor River Basin and comparable study area.
Pyrolysis kinetic study of homogenized waste plastic and date blend
Authors: Hesam N M , Saad J Md , Shamsuddin A H , Zamri M F M A , Rahman A A , Ghazali A F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pyrolysis of high-density polyethelene and dried Dates blends are examined in this paper. There is abundance of HDPE and Dates waste available in Iran. Due to this factor, there are potentials to study these wastes in term of waste to energy conversion as feedstock in powerplants. In order to produce a quality fuel or feedstock by converting Dates and plastics waste through pyrolyzing, a proper analysing of the process kinetic parameters and the distribution of their activation energy (Ea) has been investigated. In this paper, three samples of HDPE and Dates blend with ratio of (1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were utilized to study the thermal degradation of each blending sample using TGA analyser. Moreover, the (Ea) of HDPE and Dates blend was calculating using Friedman Method. The determined result for ratio of 1HDPE:3Dates is 60-67 kJ/mol, for 1HDPE:1Dates is 66-97 kJ/mol and for 3HDPE:1Dates is 131 kJ/mol. The higher ratio of plastic can increase the value of activation energy which require more energy for combustion in powerplant. Thus, the 1HDPE:3Dates is the best ratio which require lowest energy for combustion and by homogenizing the plastic with biomass we can increase the calorific value of the produce feedstock.
External Electrode Temperature Monitoring of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Peng Jun , Jin Yiming , Jia Shuhai , Xu Shouping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become a promising candidate for the electrical energy storage and power delivery solutions. Thermal management is a key tool to improve performance and safety of Lithium-ion batteries. Currently, the common method is using electric sensors to monitor the thermal behaviour of batteries. In this work, an optical fiber sensor was proposed for temperature measurement of cells. The proposed sensor consists of a metal ring and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The FBG sensor calibration test shows a good linearity and high sensitivity. The FBG sensors were gloved on the external electrodes to monitor the temperature variation during charge/discharge cycles, and the PT100 sensors were attached on the electrodes as a comparison. Comparison test illustrates the response of proposed FBG sensors has a good agreement with PT100 sensors. It provides that the proposed FBG sensor can be used to monitor the temperature variation of cells, which provides a promising tool to improve the thermal management and safety of Li-ion batteries.
Single Factor Experimental Study on The Preparation of Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Chen Wenjing , Chen Xin , Xu Feng , You Zhaotao , Rong Haiwu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides were prepared by papain enzymatic hydrolysis. The single factor experiments were experimentalized to study the degradation of chitosan by papains. The concentration of reducing sugar and the yield of reducing sugar in the enzymatic hydrolysate were used as reference indicators. The effects of reaction time, pH, reaction temperature, amount of enzyme and substrate concentration were discussed. The results showed that the concentration of reducing sugar increased at first and then decreased with the increase of pH value and reaction temperature. With the prolonging of reaction time, the reaction slowed down and the enzymatic hydrolysis speed slowed down. The increase of the amount of enzyme promoted the reaction rate, and the concentration of reducing sugar also increased. The change of substrate concentration also led to the change of reducing sugar yield. The optimal conditions were obtained by the single factor experiment. When 50 °C of the reaction temperature, 5.0 of pH, 60 min of reaction time, substrate concentration reached 1.75% and the amount of enzyme reached 1:10. At the above condition, the concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide was 4.33 mg/mL and the chitosan oligosaccharide yield was up to 24.73%.
Research on the Frosting Rule and Frost Suppression Strategy of Air Source Heat Pump in Guiyang, China
Authors: Mao Ruiyong , Yang Yaxin , Pei Peng , Yang Xuerui , Tian Maojun , Hu Cheng , Yang Weiping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the serious frosting problem of air source heat pump in high humidity area in winter, a set of air source heat pump was tested and studied. The experimental results showed that the frost condition in winter in study area started when the outdoor temperature was less than 6°C and the relative humidity was more than 75%. The blocking experiment proved that frost formation was beneficial to the operation of the unit when the blocking degree was less than 10%. Furthermore, by extending the initial time of frosting, a new method of frost suppression was proposed, which extended the initial time of frosting by 22 minutes. In the high humidity area, air source heat pump was recommended to be used for heating when it is above 8°C in winter, while the staged frost suppression was considered when it is below 6°C to improve the performance of air source heat pump.
Discussion on Multi-Dimensional Diagnostic Technology Based on Fault of On-load Tap-changer
Authors: Yu Bing , Yang Zhi , Lin Haofan , Jin Yongtao , Yang Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
On-load tap-changer is widely used in current power systems. Its main function is to change the position of the transformer winding tap-connect when operating under transformer excitation or load. The on-load tap-changer is in the process of changing taps. In the middle, the resistor must be used to achieve the transition to limit the circulation during its transition. The structure of the on-load tap-changer can be divided into three parts, namely the switch, the tap selector and the operating mechanism. The complexity of the mechanism causes frequent failures of the on-load tap-changer. Through the analysis of the causes of multiple faults occurring on the on-load tap-changer of the transformer, the abnormal physical information of the on-load tap-changer before the fault occurs is discussed. A joint detection technique based on vibro-acoustic fingerprint and driving motor current (acoustic and electric) is proposed.
Research on Design and Application of Reactive Power Optimization Software for Distribution Network
Authors: Haojun Zhao , Ye Zhu , Xiaofeng Wang , Yibin Xing , Simin Ding , Jian Chen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In view of the phenomenon of long power supply radius, low power factor, large line loss, and poor voltage quality in the single-radiation power supply mode of reactive voltage control in Jiangsu area, this paper studies and establishes a set of three-level coordinated control of reactive voltage in distribution network The system can realize the three-level coordinated control of the substation, transmission line and distribution voltage reactive power compensation device according to the actual short-term load changes, which can effectively solve the high voltage, ground voltage and three-phase imbalance existing in the power grid in Jiangsu. The voltage qualification rate is increased to 100%; in addition, the system can also provide analysis of the power quality status of the distribution network, combined with the analysis and comparison of the results of power quality optimization governance, to achieve scientific results evaluation, for the energy-saving control of the power grid and power quality governance Provide reference to provide basic data for power grid construction.
Fault Line Selection Method for Distribution Network Based on Angle Similarity
Authors: Feng Guang , Chen Ming , Xiang Guojie , Yu Kun , Zeng Xiangjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the current distribution network protection technology has a low accuracy of line selection, the method of fault line selection based on angle similarity is proposed. A plurality of fault feature quantities of each feeder in different operating states are collected to form a historical database. The clustering centers of fault classes and non-fault classes are obtained by fuzzy clustering analysis. Similarly, the real-time data of each feeder is collected to form a sample of the feature to be tested. The degree of similarity between the feature samples to be tested and the historical feature samples is analyzed by angle similarity. The sample to be tested is classified into a fault class or a non-fault class, and finally the fault feeder is accurately selected.
Effects of Ionic Liquid and Biomass Concentration to Partial Vapour Pressure Change in Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Srilek Nongnoot , Aggarangsi Pruk 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of ionic salt liquid and biomass concentration to partial vapour pressure change in hydrothermal carbonization system. The durability of reactor and safety aspect are crucial point for constant volume system which pressure is independence and important in scaling up hydrothermal process. The ionic salt including calcium propionate with the molality of 0.33, 0.43 and 0.65 and sodium chloride with the molality of 0.86, 1.14 and 1.71 were used. The suspension of corncob biomass and deionized water with the ratio 1:20 and 1:10 also were evaluated. The partial vapour pressure of the solution of sodium chloride with the molality of 1.71 decrease for 12.5 %. The partial vapour pressure of corncob biomass concentration with 1:20 decrease for 2.8%. The hydrochar produced from the 240 °C of reaction temperature and 100 minutes reaction time demonstrated the gradually decrease of hemicellulose constituent corresponding with higher biomass concentration.
Experimental Research on Energy Extraction Characteristics for Half-rotating Impeller Tidal Turbine
Authors: Wang X Y , Li L , Xue K , Yu X F , Liu C , Qiu Z Z , Zhang L A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The half-rotating impeller tidal turbine (HRITT) is a new type of vertical shaft tidal current turbine with lift and resistance performance. The experimental prototype and the experimental platform of the HRITT were designed and simulation experiments was carried out to analyze the energy extraction performance of the HRITT under various flow velocity and loads. The results of the experiment indicated that the platform was stable as well as reliable. The HRITT not only had good dynamic characteristics at low inflow velocity, but also had high efficiency that its maximum coefficient of energy extraction could increase to 45%. The flow velocity had little influence on the maximum efficiency of the HRITT.
Analysis of Ground Settlement in Metro Tunnel Construction with Shield Tunneling Method
Authors: Shen LU 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of underground space, subway tunnel construction methods are constantly updated and developed. And shield tunnel method has become one the most common methods of subway tunnel construction. However, shield construction is often accompanied with the occurrence of surface subsidence. There may be a collapse of the surface when the surface settlement reaches a certain amount and the up buildings on the surface may be seriously influenced. The construction model was established based on FLAC3D software by using the engineering geological characteristic parameters of the study area and the observation data of ground subsidence during construction, which was compared and verified with the field vmonitoring value, and the subsidence was simulated and predicted. Using FLAC3D to establish a settlement prediction model for tunnel excavation and record the space-time changes of surface subsidence, it can better reflect the land subsidence situation and law in the horizontal and vertical directions of the axis of the subway tunnel.
Entropy Theory and Pearson Type-3 Distribution for Rainfall Frequency Analysis in Semi-arid Region
Authors: Kong Xiangming , Hao Zhenda , Zhu Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rainfall distribution has becoming erratic due to the changing climate, the human activities and the environmental damage. Therefore, frequency analysis of rainfall is important for water-resources system planning and mitigation of hydrological extremes events. In this study, the entropy theory and Pearson type-3 distribution have been applied to monthly rainfall frequency analysis of Tongliao City in semi-arid region. The comparison between two methods shows that (1) the entropy theory and Pearson type-3 distribution are both able to capture the shape of PDF of monthly rainfall in Tongliao City; (2) the entropy theory is more suitable for the description of the statistical probabilities with small corresponding errors than the Pearson type-3 distribution; (3) the key statistical properties of historical records of Tongliao City are able to be preserved by the entropy-based distribution without any assumptions. The results could provide scientific basis for planning and design for water resources systems, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.
Identification of Cultural Landscape Factors for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Traditional Villages in Changbai Mountain Area
Authors: Zhang Qunsong , Kim Eunyoung , Yang Cuixia , Cao Fucun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cultural Landscape (CL) is a variety of manifestations of interaction between human beings and their natural environment. CL is the internal power of sustainable development(SD) and has a significant link with the development cycle system. As a carrier of living cultural heritage, traditional villages embody the regional CL formed under the comprehensive effects of natural resources, humanity history, architectural aesthetics, the integration of ethnic groups and production methods, and the symbiosis between human beings and the environment. This paper aims to study a method to identify CL factors of traditional villages based on the elements of SD in the aspects of environment, economy, society, peace and security. Quantitative analysis of the SD of Changbai Mountain traditional village CL was conducted. We collected data from 11 villages from the national spatial data cloud and relevant literature. The results provide the evidences for deciding the balance point of SD to support the protection and revitalization of villages at the same time.
The Practical Consideration of Ecological Landscape Design of Beautiful Countryside-The Practice and Consideration of Landscape Design of Countryside in Changan District, Xi’an
Authors: Yong Sun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The construction of beautiful countryside is the national strategy of People’s Republic of China, which involves the economic development, cultural revitalization and the happiness index of the villagers of the vast rural areas. The ultimate target of the construction of beautiful countryside is the construction of benign development of modern countryside lifestyle. The author introduces the paper with practical activity, and with the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside and the design application using rural material as the tool. Through the comb of the latest voluntary service practice and relevant considerations on it, the study attempts to pursue the possibility and reasonability of ecological landscape design of beautiful countryside in China. In terms of the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside, there are two forms. In the first place, it embodies in the protection of traditional countryside cultural landscape; and in the second place, it embodies in the continuation of the idea of harmonious relationship between human beings and the nature in the daily life of villagers. With the rural materials that are familiar to the local villagers, the landscape construction of the countryside can better exhibit the history of their own village, the memory of great humanity and honour. Only in this way, can the landscape design be welcome.
Research on the Stability of Catalysts Characterized by TG-DTA and ICP
Authors: Zhang Yongli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The stability of the catalysts can be verified by the experimental characterization before and after using. In this study, the reusability of Ru and Pd catalysts were investigated in the CWAO process for the treatment of refractory ceramic printing wastewater. By comparing the TG-DTA curves of Ru catalysts after the first, second and third use, the TG curve showed that the mass of the catalyst changed with the temperature. The curve of DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) showed no significant difference between the endothermic peak and exothermic peak. The DTG curve, combined with the TG curve, represents the endothermic/exothermic state at a certain temperature. Meanwhile, it can also explain the changes of the sample, such as dehydration, decomposition, oxidation, etc., and the curve changes are not obvious during three USES. This shows that the catalyst has good stability. ICP data, concentration difference of Fe, Co, Ce and Ru were 0.261,1.177, 0.614,0008 mg/L, respectively. ICP data, concentration difference of Fe, Co, Ce and Ru in three times of use of Pd catalyst were 0.547,0.067, 0.099 and 0.00008 mg/L, respectively. TG-DTA and ICP were used as the characterization methods, and the dissolution concentration of metal ions was used as the evaluation index of catalyst stability. The results show that the Ru-catalysts and Pd-catalysts have good catalytic stability.