bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Jewish Aloha
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 1953, at age 65, Steiner learned that Warner Bros. would not be renewing his contract. After 16 years as a staff composer, he was forced to freelance—an especially daunting challenge given his age and failing eyesight. This chapter focuses on the plight of a proud but increasingly debilitated man forced to reinvent himself, in an industry obsessed with youth and novelty. Still massively in debt, Steiner sought a fresh start in multiple ventures: his own publishing company (a flop) and another attempt at a hit song for a major film (The Caine Mutiny; Oscar nomination for score, but no hit record, alienating its makers). Fortunately, Jack Warner was willing to bring Steiner back to his studio on a per-film basis. The resulting scores belied Steiner’s age, culminating in his final screen masterwork: John Ford’s The Searchers.
Brain Structural Alterations Common to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Boots Elizabeth A. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Barnes Lisa L. , Schneider Julie A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over 3,000 publications exist demonstrating that cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) are associated with alterations of brain structure associated with aging and dementia. Using similar neuroimaging techniques, much work has also been done illustrating the specific brain structural changes that are associated with risk for developing dementia, especially Alzheimer’s dementia. This chapter reviews the literature regarding gray matter and subcortical brain structures associated with CVD-RFs and compares it to the literature on gray matter and subcortical brain structural alterations associated with Alzheimer’s dementia. Given the enormous amount of research conducted to date, the authors provide reviews and/or meta-analyses where possible or cite examples, as opposed to providing an exhaustive list of citations when referring to this subject matter. In addition, the authors discuss how such commonalities in brain structural alterations between CVD-RFs and Alzheimer’s dementia may be used to inform brain behavior analyses with a particular focus on the graph theory analytics of tract-based structural connectomics across the spectrum of normal aging to Alzheimer’s dementia.
Black Samson
Authors: Schipper Jeremy , Junior Nyasha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The United States has never existed without a Black Samson. Before Harriet Tubman or Martin Luther King, Jr. were identified with Moses, African Americans linked those who challenged racial oppression in America with Samson. In Black Samson: The Untold Story of an American Icon, Nyasha Junior and Jeremy Schipper investigate legal documents, narratives by enslaved persons, speeches, sermons, periodicals, poetry, fiction, and visual arts to tell the unlikely story of how a flawed biblical hero became an iconic figure in America’s racial history. Along the way, Schipper and Junior engage the work of African American luminaries, including Fredrick Douglass, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin, Malcolm X, Huey P. Newton, and many others. From stories of slave rebellions to the Harlem Renaissance to the civil rights era and the Black Power movement, invoking the biblical character of Samson became a powerful way for African American intellectuals, activists, and artists to voice strategies and opinions about many race-related issues, including slavery, education, patriotism, organized labor, civil rights, and gender equality. As this provocative book reveals, the story of Black Samson became a story of America’s contested racial history.
Times Past Under Fire
Authors: Anderson Samuel Mark 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the wake of Sierra Leone’s civil war, Fambul Tok, a locally run internationally funded NGO, promotes community ownership of the peace process by invoking the efficacy of “local traditions.” Its programs take the form of spectacular bonfire ceremonies that host acts of public testimony, witnessing, and forgiveness. Attending to the aesthetic dimensions of one Fambul Tok bonfire reveals disconnections between Fambul Tok’s self-image and villagers’ own perceptions of and aspirations for the occasion. These disjunctures testify to the bonfires’ nature as an “invented tradition” constituted as much by Western psychoanalysis, internationalist bureaucracy, and an imagined primordial Africa as by lived experience. Justifications for such ritualistic processes call upon overlapping yet often contradictory narratives about the source of their efficacy. Moreover, adherence to international technocratic norms leads participants to prioritize metrics legible to foreign audiences, indicating the limits of so-called local models within current systems of post-conflict intervention.
Straighten Up and Fly Right
Authors: Friedwald Will 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This book is the first true critical biography of Nat King Cole, the seminal 20th-century jazz pianist, popular singer, and African American cultural icon. It draws on many decades of research, extensive interviews, and the music itself to present an in-depth exploration of how Cole achieved his unique twin peaks: as both a pioneering, innovative instrumentalist, a key player in the transition from swing to modern jazz, with dozens of prominent disciples; and as the most popular male singer of his generation. This is the first new book on Cole in more than twenty years and the only one to take a close look at his musical accomplishments. Although the music is the primary issue, the book also takes into account the context of the time and offers much new information about Cole’s personal life as well as his position as the first true black musical superstar and his role in the civil rights movement. Like Cole’s career, the book is divided into two “acts,” each lasting a very symmetrical fifteen years, plus a prelude and an afterword. Act One covers Nat’s career from 1937 to 1951, the years of the King Cole Trio, and Act Two covers the final fourteen years of his life, during which time he was billed as “Nat King Cole.”
The racism analogy is misleading
Authors: Koppelman Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Even if the racism analogy is morally sound, that conclusion cannot support the withholding of all accommodation. It is actually several different analogies. One might be comparing their effects, their moral errors, the evil intentions of those who hold them, or their status as views that are appropriately stigmatized. There are important differences. Religious heterosexism is generally nonviolent. And unlike in 1964, when the Civil Rights Act was passed, religious claims can be accommodated without defeating the point of the law. Establishing a legitimate place for dissenters, in a gay-friendly legal regime, would actually be helpful in addressing some of the most pressing contemporary gay rights issues, notably youth homelessness.
Amadis in English
Authors: Moore Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This is a book about readers: readers reading, and readers writing. They are readers of all ages and from all ages: young and old, male and female, from Europe and the Americas. The book they are reading is the Spanish chivalric romance known in English as Amadis de Gaule. Famous throughout the sixteenth century as the pinnacle of its fictional genre, the cultural functions of Amadis were further elaborated by the publication of Cervantes’s Don Quixote in 1605, in which Amadis features as Quixote’s favourite book. Amadis thereby becomes, as the philosopher Ortega y Gasset terms it, ‘enclosed’ within the modern novel and part of the imaginative landscape of reader-authors such Smollett, Mary Shelley, Keats, Southey, Scott, and Thackeray.Amadis in English ranges from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries, demonstrating through this ‘biography’ of a book the deep cultural, intellectual, and political connections of English, French, and Spanish literature across five centuries. At once an ambitious work of transnational literary history and a new intervention in the history of reading, this study argues that romance is historically located, culturally responsive, and uniquely flexible in the recreative possibilities it offers readers. By revealing this hitherto unexamined reading experience connecting readers of all backgrounds, Amadis in English also offers many new insights into the politicization of literary history; the construction and misconstruction of literary relations between England, France, and Spain; the practice and pleasures of reading fiction; and the enduring power of imagination.
Introduction
Authors: Richter Klaus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The introduction sets out the central objective of the book: to retrace the consequences of territorial fragmentation and responses to it from the First World War to the end of the 1920s. Never before had Europe’s map been so thoroughly transformed as after 1918. New borders, reinforced by military means and soaring tariffs, intersected centuries-old commercial, social, and cultural networks. East Central Europe, as the site of imperial collapse and of the emergence of a range of new ‘small’ states, such as Poland and the Baltic states, was particularly affected by fragmentation. To gauge the consequences of fragmentation for politics and state-building, this breaking apart has to be understood as a gradual process rather than as a sudden rupture. Because fragmentation is both an international phenomenon and has an internationalizing effect, its history must be written as an international history.
A Future Not as Gloomy as It Seems
Authors: Richter Klaus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The chapter traces the emergence of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia as independent states from the First World War. It starts out by looking at the change of German war aims against the background of the rapid advance into the multi-ethnic western parts of the Russian Empire and traces how German politicians, academics, and military staff conceived of plans to integrate newly created states in the region deeply into a German-dominated Central Europe—firstly in alliance with Poland, then in the form of an openly anti-Polish system. Subsequently, the chapter investigates how politicians of these new states struggled to secure independence after German defeat. It finishes by showing that in domestic politics these politicians had to accept post-war territorial fragmentation as irreversible. At the international level, on the other hand, they had to fit the new states into the post-war international order by conceptualizing them as strictly anti-Bolshevik and anti-German.
The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy
Authors: Mangham Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
What actually happens to our bodies when we starve? How does the sensation of hunger come about, and how exactly does going without food lead to death? Do we die from hunger, or do we die from the secondary conditions it causes? And how is the physiology of something so familiar to us, experienced by each of us every day, so little known? This book is the first study to suggest that these questions were first explored in detail in the nineteenth century. The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy is a reassessment of the languages and methodologies used, throughout the nineteenth century, for discussing extreme hunger. Set against the providentialism of conservative political economy, this study uncovers an emerging, dynamic way of describing literal starvation in the period’s medicine and physiology. No longer seen as a divine punishment for individual failings, starvation became, in the human sciences, a pathology whose horrific symptoms registered failings of state and statute. Providing new and historically rich readings of the works of Charles Kingsley, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Dickens, this work suggests that the realism we have come to associate with Victorian social-problem fiction learned a vast amount from the empirical, materialist objectives of the medical sciences, and that, within the work of these intersections, we find important re-examinations of how we might think about this ongoing humanitarian issue.
Charles Dickens
Authors: Mangham Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how Charles Dickens found the materiality of starvation a powerful method for addressing the social injustices that angered him. Less balanced than Gaskell and less conflicted than Kingsley, he pulled no punches when it came to the ‘Parrots of Society’—those subscribers to hypocritical, dogmatic interpretations of political economy whose efforts to deal with social problems became, he believed, abortive subscriptions to a malicious laissez faire. The chapter argues that we need to understand these red-hot polemics as a response to, and an appropriation of, the scientific registers of men like Thomas Southwood Smith. What Dickens found in science was a materialism that allowed his challenges to the shallow cant of reformers and politicians to morph into an attack on their perceived stupidity: Dickens was able to use the science of starving as a means of grounding a radical position within a thoughtful materialist one.
Adrian Zuckerman’s New Evidence Scholarship
Authors: Roberts Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Civil procedure has been the primary focus of Adrian Zuckerman’s evidentiary scholarship in recent decades. In contributing to a celebration of his profound and lasting influence on the procedural law and scholarship of England and Wales, this essay concentrates on Zuckerman’s earlier work primarily addressing criminal evidence and procedure. It identifies and elaborates on three particularly significant conceptual innovations in Zuckerman’s evidentiary writings concerning the (1) disciplinary domain; (2) institutional context(s); and (3) normative sources of evidence law. These conceptual advances are expounded in terms of three correlative dynamic disciplinary and institutional transitions: (1) from ‘Law of Evidence’ to ‘Evidence and Proof’; (2) from transubstantivity to procedural differentiation; and (3) from evidentiary rules to principled discretion. In his ground-breaking work on the principles of criminal evidence, I argue, Zuckerman challenged us to rethink the disciplinary contours, normative foundations and jurisprudential methodologies of common law evidence. Against the prevailing common law orthodoxy of a Thayerite model of generic exclusionary rules, Zuckerman insisted that criminal evidence should be reconceptualized as the practical wisdom of principled discretion rooted in the normative values and objectives of penal justice.
The Bright but Modest Potential of Algorithms in the Courtroom
Authors: Higgins Andrew , Levy Inbar , Lienart Thibaut 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the potential of algorithms and machine learning (ML) to improve decision-making. It considers the best roles for algorithms while maintaining important elements of human judgment. There are essential human skills in judging, but algorithms could help systematize the judicial function and thus reduce the risk of human error, inconsistency, and individual bias. Algorithmic decision-making and ML could in principle mitigate these problems since algorithms are more consistent and rely on and can synthesize more data than a human. Yet, recent proposals to use algorithms in the civil justice system are still underdeveloped and face scepticism. This chapter evaluates the risks and benefits of using algorithms in adjudication by pointing out specific elements of legal skill and expertise and identifying tasks better suited for an algorithm. While there are significant reliability and fairness limitations in using AI to make legal decisions, it is important to recognize that many of these weaknesses already exist to varying degrees in human judicial decision-making.
Business in times of crisis
Authors: Johnstone-Louis Mary , Kustin Bridget , Mayer Colin , Stroehle Judith , Wang Boya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Government bailouts of corporate sectors in the COVID-19 crisis are part of a tripartite arrangement between government, business and institutional investors. Business should respond to the changing preferences of customers, employees and societies by identifying value propositions that justify the provision of risk capital by institutional investors. Critical to this is the determination and implementation of corporate purposes by owners and board directors that focus on inter-generational horizons. Family owners are particularly well placed to do this, but institutional investors need to make it part of their stewardship function as well. Measurement is key and significant reforms are required in the areas of accounting, valuation and reporting. Consistent with these observations, companies that had strong environmental, social and governance records performed better during the initial stages of the crisis, as did family owned firms and those that avoided high levels of leverage prior to the crisis.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals
Authors: Braquehais M D , Vargas-Cáceres S , Gómez-Durán E , Nieva G , Valero S , Casas M , Bruguera E 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Introduction
Healthcare professionals (HPs) have been confronted by unprecedented traumatic experiences during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, especially in countries that had not experienced similar epidemic outbreaks in recent years.

Aim
To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of HPs.

Method
We comprehensively reviewed the studies published in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Google Scholar between December 2019 and May 2020.

Results
Most studies report a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among HPs that can be associated with: (i) COVID-19 exposure; (ii) epidemiological issues; (iii) material resources; (iv) human resources; and (v) personal factors. The role of certain variables, before, during and after the pandemic, remains unexplored. Longitudinal studies will help elucidate which factors are associated with a higher risk of developing long-lasting negative effects. Qualitative studies may contribute to understanding the influence of individual and social narratives in HPs’ distress.

Conclusion
A deeper analysis on the individual, institutional, political and socio-cultural factors, meanings and values influencing HPs distress and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic is needed.
Dorsal horn disinhibition and movement-induced behaviour in a rat model of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Locke Samantha , Yousefpour Noosha , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Alterations beyond joint inflammation such as changes in dorsal horn (DH) excitability contribute to pain in inflammatory arthritis (IA). More complete understanding of specific underlying mechanisms will be important to define novel targets for the treatment of IA pain. Pre-clinical models are useful, but relevant pain assays are vital for successful clinical translation. For this purpose, a method is presented to assess movement-induced pain-related behaviour changes that was subsequently used to investigate DH disinhibition in IA.

Methods
IA was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in male rats, and weight distribution was assessed before and after walking on a treadmill. To confirm increased activity in nociception-related pathways, fos expression was assessed in the superficial DH, including in nociceptive neurons, identified by neurokinin 1 (NK1) immunoreactivity, and interneurons. Inhibitory terminal density onto NK1+ neurons was assessed and lastly, a cohort of animals was treated for 3 days with gabapentin.

Results
At 4 weeks post-CFA, walking reduced weight distribution to the affected joint and increased DH fos expression, including in NK1+ neurons. Neuronal activity in inhibitory cells and inhibitory terminal density on NK1+ neurons were decreased in CFA-treated animals compared with controls. Treatment with gabapentin led to recovered behaviour and DH neuronal activity pattern in CFA-treated animals.

Conclusion
We describe an assay to assess movement-induced pain-related behaviour changes in a rodent IA model. Furthermore, our results suggest that disinhibition may contribute to pain related to movement in IA.
Discretionary powers in the Austrian Private Foundation Law
Authors: Olbrich Daniela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The fact that only an objective qualification of the foundation board is decisive with regard to its liability is sufficiently ruled by the Austrian Supreme Court. However, in the end the board member is left alone with the question of what is required in concrete terms. A recent decision of the Austrian Supreme Court granting the foundation’s executive board an extremely wide scope for decision-making where the foundation statute does not provide detailed guidelines came as a surprise. This article deals with the issues faced by foundation board members in avoiding liability when exercising their powers and the need to limit the wide discretionary powers of such board members by creating an adequate statutory framework.
Development and Application of a Transcriptomic Signature of Bioactivation in an Advanced In Vitro Liver Model to Reduce Drug-induced Liver Injury Risk Early in the Pharmaceutical Pipeline
Authors: Kang Wen , Podtelezhnikov Alexei A , Tanis Keith Q , Pacchione Stephen , Su Ming , Bleicher Kimberly B , Wang Zhibin , Laws George M , Griffiths Thomas G , Kuhls Matthew C , Chen Qing , Knemeyer Ian , Marsh Donald J , Mitra Kaushik , Lebron Jose , Sistare Frank D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly risk assessment of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) potential for drug candidates remains a major challenge for pharmaceutical development. We have previously developed a set of rat liver transcriptional biomarkers in short-term toxicity studies to inform the potential of drug candidates to generate a high burden of chemically reactive metabolites that presents higher risk for human DILI. Here, we describe translation of those NRF1-/NRF2-mediated liver tissue biomarkers to an in vitro assay using an advanced micropatterned coculture system (HEPATOPAC) with primary hepatocytes from male Wistar Han rats. A 9-day, resource-sparing and higher throughput approach designed to identify new chemical entities with lower reactive metabolite-forming potential was qualified for internal decision making using 93 DILI-positive and -negative drugs. This assay provides 81% sensitivity and 90% specificity in detecting hepatotoxicants when a positive test outcome is defined as the bioactivation signature score of a test drug exceeding the threshold value at an in vitro test concentration that falls within 3-fold of the estimated maximum drug concentration at the human liver inlet following highest recommended clinical dose administrations. Using paired examples of compounds from distinct chemical series and close structural analogs, we demonstrate that this assay can differentiate drugs with lower DILI risk. The utility of this in vitro transcriptomic approach was also examined using human HEPATOPAC from a single donor, yielding 68% sensitivity and 86% specificity when the aforementioned criteria are applied to the same 93-drug test set. Routine use of the rat model has been adopted with deployment of the human model as warranted on a case-by-case basis. This in vitro transcriptomic signature-based strategy can be used early in drug discovery to derisk DILI potential from chemically reactive metabolites by guiding structure-activity relationship hypotheses and candidate selection.