bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration jumps of planets in transition discs
Authors: Rometsch Thomas , Rodenkirch Peter J. , Kley Wilhelm , Dullemond Cornelis P. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Transition discs form a special class of protoplanetary discs that are characterised by a deficiency of disc material close to the star. In a subgroup, inner holes in these discs can stretch out to a few tens of au while there is still mass accretion onto the central star observed at the same time.
Aims. We analyse the proposition that this type of wide transition disc is generated by the interaction of the disc with a system of embedded planets.
Methods. We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of a flat disc. Different equations of state were used including locally isothermal models and more realistic cases that consider viscous heating, radiative cooling, and stellar heating. Two massive planets (with masses of between three and nine Jupiter masses) were embedded in the disc and their dynamical evolution due to disc–planet interaction was followed for over 100 000 yr. The simulations account for mass accretion onto the star and planets. We included models with parameters reminiscent of the system PDS 70. To assess the observability of features in our models we performed synthetic ALMA observations.
Results. For systems with a more massive inner planet, there are phases where both planets migrate outward engaged in a 2:1 mean motion resonance via the Masset-Snellgrove mechanism. In sufficiently massive discs, the resulting formation of a vortex and the interaction with it can trigger rapid outward migration of the outer planet where its distance can increase by tens of au in a few thousand years. After another few thousand years, the outer planet rapidly migrates back inwards into resonance with the inner planet. We call this emerging composite phenomenon a migration jump. Outward migration and the migration jumps are accompanied by a high mass accretion rate onto the star. The synthetic images reveal numerous substructures depending on the type of dynamical behaviour.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that the outward migration of two embedded planets is a prime candidate for the explanation of the observed high stellar mass accretion rate in wide transition discs. The models for PDS 70 indicate it is not currently undergoing a migration jump but might very well be in a phase of outward migration.
The messy merger of a large satellite and a Milky Way-like galaxy
Authors: Koppelman Helmer H. , Bos Roy O. Y. , Helmi Amina 
Published: October 2020

Aims. About 10 billion years ago the Milky Way merged with a massive satellite, Gaia-Enceladus. To gain insight into the properties of its debris we analyse in detail a suite of simulations that includes an experiment that produces a good match to the kinematics of nearby halo stars inferred from Gaia data.
Methods. We compare the kinematic distributions of stellar particles in the simulations and study the distribution of debris in orbital angular momentum, eccentricity, and energy, and its relation to the mass loss history of the simulated satellite.
Results. We confirm that Gaia-Enceladus probably fell in on a retrograde, 30° inclination orbit. We find that while 75% of the debris in our preferred simulation has high eccentricity (> 0.8), roughly 9% has eccentricity lower than 0.6. Star particles lost early have large retrograde motions, and a subset of these have low eccentricity. Such stars would be expected to have lower metallicities as they stem from the outskirts of the satellite, and hence naively they could be confused with debris associated with a separate system. These considerations seem to apply to some of the stars from the postulated Sequoia galaxy.
Conclusions. When a massive disc galaxy undergoes a merger event, it leaves behind debris with a complex phase-space structure, a wide range of orbital properties, and a range of chemical abundances. Observationally, this results in substructures with very different properties, which can be misinterpreted as implying independent progeny. Detailed chemical abundances of large samples of stars and tailored hydrodynamical simulations are critical to resolving such conundrums.
Hormoninaktive Hypophysentumoren – Kurzpräsentation der ersten deutschen Leitlinie
Authors: Deutschbein Timo , Jaursch-Hancke Cornelia , Fassnacht Martin 
Published: October 2020

Allgemein Jeder Patient mit einem Hypophysentumor soll interdisziplinär betreut werden. Obligat sind Vertreter aus Endokrinologie, Neurochirurgie und (Neuro-) Radiologie einzubinden.
Diagnostik Bei Erstdiagnose eines Hypophysentumors sind Hormonstörungen (Exzess- und Mangelsituationen) zuverlässig auszuschließen. Die Magnetresonanztomografie der Sellaregion ist das radiologische Verfahren der Wahl. Eine augenärztliche Diagnostik ist nur bei Symptomen oder bei bildmorphologischem Tumorkontakt zur Sehbahn erforderlich.
Therapie Bei den meisten hormoninaktiven Hypophysentumoren ist eine alleinige Observation möglich. Medikamentöse Therapieoptionen bestehen bislang nicht. Ist eine Operation indiziert (z. B. bei Nähe des Hypophysentumors zur Sehbahn oder bei relevantem Größenwachstum), sollte diese durch einen in der Hypophysenchirurgie erfahrenen Neurochirurgen vorgenommen werden. Bei relevanten Rezidiven kommen entweder eine Reoperation oder eine Bestrahlung infrage.
Nachsorge Eine regelmäßige, langfristige und individualisierte Begleitung ist zur Vermeidung potenzieller Komplikationen essenziell. Dabei ist stets zu prüfen, ob die diagnostischen Prozesse zu (de-) eskalieren sind.
Schulung und Beratung Vor allem bei Vorliegen eines großen Hypophysentumors oder nach stattgehabter Operation bzw. Bestrahlung der Sellaregion müssen Patienten und deren Umfeld über relevante Hormonmangelzustände aufgeklärt werden.
Besondere Patientengruppen In speziellen Situationen (Schwangerschaft, multimorbide und gebrechliche Patienten) muss ggf. vom üblichen Vorgehen abgewichen werden.
Chronisches Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Keranov Stanislav , Nef Holger 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit In den aktualisierten Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (European Society of Cardiology, ESC) wird die stabile koronare Herzkrankheit zum chronischen Koronarsyndrom (CCS) umbenannt. Unter CCS werden 6 verschiedene Szenarien definiert, die der Heterogenität Rechnung tragen. Die diagnostische Beurteilung der Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit spielt auch in der aktuellen Leitlinie bei möglichem Vorliegen einer stenosierenden KHK eine wichtige Rolle. Die Hinzunahme von Dyspnoe und der klinischen Wahrscheinlichkeit als zusätzliche Variablen zur besseren Abschätzung der Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit sind 2 wichtige Neuerungen.
Diagnostische Verfahren Bildgebende Verfahren wie die CT-Angiografie wurden als diagnostische Verfahren zur Detektion von KHK deutlich aufgewertet, während das Belastungs-EKG diesbezüglich nicht mehr routinemäßig empfohlen wird. Die invasive Koronarangiografie mit Revaskularisationsoption bleibt ein zentrales diagnostisches und therapeutisches Verfahren.
Therapie Neben der antianginösen, lipidsenkenden und antithrombotischen Therapie wird in der aktuellen CCS-Leitlinie ein besonderes Augenmerk auf Prävention mittels Lebensstilmodifikation gelegt.
Therapie der Mukoviszidose – neue Medikamente geben Hoffnung
Authors: Eschenhagen Patience , Schwarz Carsten 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Therapieansatz Bis vor kurzem bestand die medikamentöse Therapie der Mukoviszidose nur aus einer rein symptomatischen Therapie, aber der Defekt des Chloridkanals konnte nicht beeinflusst werden. Mit der CFTR-Modulatortherapie besteht nun erstmals eine ursächliche und effiziente Therapie, die eine Verbesserung der Lungenfunktionswerte erzielt wie keine der bisherigen Therapien.
Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 Signaling Pathway Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Attenuates Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Genetic Mice Model
Authors: Qi Xinying , Xing Yanping , Wang Xuezhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 are involved in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study aims to explore the effects of CCL2 blocking on GDM. Serum CCL2, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined in GDM patients and healthy volunteers. C57BL/KsJdb/+mouse was used as the GDM model and CCL2 antibody (αCCL2) was applied. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the frequency of macrophages. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot were determined to detect the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines and serum insulin. Serum CCL2 was correlated with inﬂammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the GDM patients. Besides, the results showed high expressions of CCL2 in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placenta tissue in the GDM mice. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed the accumulations of macrophages in these tissues. Treatment of αCCL2 attenuated the GDM symptoms and ameliorated the inflammation. Furthermore, the treatment of αCCL2 improved reproductive outcomes in the GDM mice. Blockade of CCL2 attenuated GDM symptoms and reduced inflammatory cytokines in a genetic mice model.
Auditive Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Gaumenspalte
Authors: Hofer-Martini Susanne , Hofer Mathias , Hemprich Alexander , Berger Thomas , Fuchs Michael , Meuret Sylvia 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Patienten mit Gaumenspalte haben sehr häufig im Kindesalter einen binauralen Paukenerguss. Die konsekutive Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit gilt als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörung. In der internationalen Literatur finden sich nur wenige Studien über die auditive Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung bei dieser Population. Daher hatte diese Untersuchung das Ziel, ein eigenes Patientenklientel mit vorhandener Spalte unterschiedlicher Ausprägung hinsichtlich Auffälligkeiten auditiver Leistungen zu bewerten und in Kontext mit der vorhandenen Studienlage zu setzen.Material und Methoden In die Studie konnten 48 Patienten im Alter von 5–16 Jahren eingeschlossen werden. Alle hatten eine nichtsyndromale Gaumenspalte und zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung ein peripheres Normalgehör. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine HNO-ärztliche und audiologische Untersuchung durchgeführt (Ohrmikroskopie, Reintonaudiogramm, Tympanometrie, Sprachverständnis im Störschall, dichotische Diskrimination, auditives Kurzzeitgedächtnis) sowie ein Elternfragebogen (DGPP-AVWS-FB) erhoben.Ergebnisse Die Mehrzahl der Eltern gab im DGPP-AVWS-FB keine Auffälligkeiten hinsichtlich der Leistungen der auditiven Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung ihrer Kinder an. Das Hören im Störschall war bei 69 % auffällig, das auditive Kurzzeitgedächtnis sowie auch die dichotische Diskrimination bei 16,7 %. Insgesamt zeigte sich in der Altersverteilung, dass sowohl beim auditiven Gedächtnis als auch beim dichotischen Hören vor allem die jüngeren Kinder Defizite hatten. Kinder mit Auffälligkeiten beim Hören im Störschall waren über alle Altersgruppen verteilt.Schlussfolgerung Kinder und Jugendliche mit einer Gaumenspalte haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, Probleme im Bereich der auditiven Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung zu entwickeln. In der vorliegenden Studienpopulation war vor allem das Hören im Störschall auffällig. 90 % der Kinder hatten bereits eine Sprachtherapie absolviert, die bereits mögliche Probleme im Bereich der auditiven Merkfähigkeit oder des dichotischen Hörens therapiert/kompensiert haben könnte, jedoch weniger das Hören im Störschall.
Intravesical Glycosaminoglycans Experience for Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Pathology Treatment
Authors: Roa Verónica Tobar , Alvarez Jaramillo Juliana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Intravesical glycosaminoglycans (GAG) treatment is one of the therapeutic options for chronic bladder pathologies and is approved for Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), radiation cystitis, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics of patients with such pathologies in our population and to evaluate treatment response.
Methods It is a retrospective study of patients with the aforementioned pathologies, who received treatment with GAG. Demographic characteristics and subjective improvement with treatment were evaluated. A bivariate analysis was performed to study possible improvement predictors.
Results 53 patients were evaluated. Of them, 33 (62.3%) with BPS, 12 (22.6%) with recurrent UTIs, and 8 (15.1%) with radiation cystitis. The dose range received was between 4 - 20 instillations, with a median of 6 doses. 67.9% of patients showed improvement of symptoms with treatment, this percentage being even higher for the group of patients with recurrent UTIs (91%). No treatment response predictors were found.
Conclusions Intravesical GAG treatment is a therapeutic alternative for patients with chronic bladder pathologies, with satisfactory results in the medium term. Prospective studies are needed to support the findings of this study.
Phase separation by ssDNA binding protein controlled via protein−protein and protein−DNA interactions
Authors: Harami Gábor M. , Kovács Zoltán J. , Pancsa Rita , Pálinkás János , Baráth Veronika , Tárnok Krisztián , Málnási-Csizmadia András , Kovács Mihály 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Cells must rapidly and efficiently react to DNA damage to avoid its harmful consequences. Here we report a molecular mechanism that gives rise to a model of how bacterial cells mobilize DNA repair proteins for timely response to genomic stress and initiation of DNA repair upon exposure of single-stranded DNA. We found that bacterial single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), a central player in genome metabolism, can undergo dynamic phase separation under physiological conditions. SSB condensates can store a wide array of DNA repair proteins that specifically interact with SSB. However, elevated levels of single-stranded DNA during genomic stress can dissolve SSB condensates, enabling rapid mobilization of SSB and SSB-interacting proteins to sites of DNA damage.
Estrogen receptor β regulates AKT activity through up-regulation of INPP4B and inhibits migration of prostate cancer cell line PC-3
Authors: Chaurasiya Surendra , Wu Wanfu , Strom Anders M. , Warner Margaret , Gustafsson Jan-Åke 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling is a common characteristic of prostate cancer (PCa). Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN occurs frequently in PCa and leads to overactive AKT signaling. Complete loss of PTEN is associated with increased metastasis and castration resistance in PCa. However, another tumor suppressor, inositol-polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B), can partially compensate for the loss of PTEN. INPP4B is up-regulated by the androgen receptor, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) would be expected to lead to hyperactive AKT due to concomitant loss of both PTEN and INPP4B. However, the present study shows that ERβ agonists induce expression of INPP4B and down-regulate AKT. This study provides a rationale for further investigations to understand the role of ERβ1 in advanced PCa.
Inactivation of rice starch branching enzyme IIb triggers broad and unexpected changes in metabolism by transcriptional reprogramming
Authors: Baysal Can , He Wenshu , Drapal Margit , Villorbina Gemma , Medina Vicente , Capell Teresa , Khush Gurdev S. , Zhu Changfu , Fraser Paul D. , Christou Paul 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceThe properties of starch can be modified by manipulating enzymes that extend the polymer backbone, add new branches, or remove them. The effects of such interventions on wider metabolism are rarely investigated but could help to predict the best metabolic engineering strategies. We mutated the rice geneOsSBEIIbencoding starch branching enzyme IIb, which is required for the synthesis of densely branched amylopectin in the endosperm. We investigated the effect on starch properties, seed morphology, and the expression of starch biosynthesis genes in the endosperm and leaf, observing broad transcriptional reprogramming. The mutation also had a wide effect on general primary and secondary metabolism in the endosperm, causing the accumulation of sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and phytosterols.
Deep-level defects in gallium oxide
Authors: Wang Zhengpeng , Chen Xuanhu , Ren Fang-Fang , Gu Shulin , Ye Jiandong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has superior physical properties and has been an emerging candidate in the applications of power electronics and deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics. Despite numerous efforts made in the aspect of material epitaxy and power devices based on β-Ga2O3 with rapid progresses, the fundamental understanding of defect chemistry in Ga2O3, in particular, acceptor dopants and carrier compensation effects, remains a key challenge. In this focused review, we revisited the principles of popular approaches for characterizing defects in semiconductors and summarized recent advances in the fundamental investigation of defect properties, carrier dynamics and optical transitions in Ga2O3. Theoretical and experimental investigations revealed the microstructures and possible origins of defects in β-Ga2O3 bulk single crystals, epitaxial films and metastable-phased α-Ga2O3 epilayers by the combined means of first-principle calculation, deep level transient spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence. In particular, defects induced by high-energy irradiation have been reviewed, which is essential for the identification of defect sources and the evaluation of device reliability operated in space and other harsh environments. This topic review may provide insight into the fundamental properties of defects in Ga2O3 to fully realize its promising potential in practical applications.
Morphological characteristics of streamer region for long air gap positive discharge
Authors: Gu Jianwei , Huang Shengxin , Fu Yufei , Chen Weijiang , Cheng Dengfeng , Shi Weidong , Fu Zhong , Pei Zhehao , Fan Xing , He Tianyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Knowledge of leader corona is the basis for long spark discharge modelling, which is critical to understand the underlying physics of lightning flashes and dielectric breakdown of long air gap widely utilized in power systems. This paper presents an accurate observation of the leader corona. The morphology of the leader corona region during the discharge was obtained using a high-speed camera and an image-enhanced charge-coupled device camera. Statistical results showed that the morphology of the streamer region varied at different discharge sub-phases. The first corona was a conical region with the average apex angle of 118.91°; the leader corona region behaved as a cone with an average vertex angle of 75.87° during the leader propagation process; the streamer area in the final jump was a combination of a cylinder and a cone with the average vertex angle of 82.61°. Noting that the obtained cone apex angle of the leader corona during the leader propagation phase was significantly smaller than that in photographical reports, and the observation results were related to the selected temporal resolution of the optical image apparatus. The discussion on the effect of the single-frame exposure time on observation results found that the average vertex angle of the conical streamer region gradually decreased with the decrease of the single-frame exposure time, and eventually tended to a stable value of about 75.96°. For comparison purposes, discharge experiments under two gap-distances demonstrated that on the premise of stable leader, the statistical distribution characteristics of the leader corona vertex angle were consistent, indicating the universal applicability to the simulation researches. Finally, it is found that the distortion of the electric field caused by the space charge explained the variation of the streamer area during the discharge process.
Large electrocaloric effect and energy storage performance of site-engineered lead-free Ba1-x
(Bi0.5Li0.5)
x
TiO3 ferroelectric oxides
Authors: Pal Subhajit , Biswas Pranab Parimal , Rath Martando , Rao M S Ramachandra , Miryala Muralidhar , Murakami Masato , Murugavel Pattukkannu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Environment-friendly solid-state cooling technology necessitates the search for energy-efficient electrocaloric (EC) materials. In this regard, the EC effect and energy storage performance have been investigated on a site-engineered lead-free Ba1-x
(Bi0.5Li0.5)
x
TiO3 (x = 0.0, 0.10, 0.125, 0.15 and 0.175) system from the perspective of its enhanced characteristic parameters. The ferroelectric and dielectric studies reveal the tunable polarization and Curie temperature as a function of composition. The EC measurements on these samples display superior EC parameters compared to the values reported for other polycrystalline ferroelectric systems. The observed EC parameters for the x = 0.10 sample, such as the change in entropy (ΔS), adiabatic temperature change (ΔT) and EC coefficient are 2.63 J kg−1 K, 2.03 K and 0.68 K mm−1 kV, respectively. Notably, the x = 0.15 sample displays near room-temperature (307 K) EC response with ΔT ≥ 0.30 K over a broad 24 K temperature range. In addition, the energy storage performance studies elucidate that the Ba1-x
(Bi0.5Li0.5)
x
TiO3 compound with x = 0.175 displays large energy storage efficiency (96.7%) with 144 mJ cm−3 as the storage density. The tunable EC characteristics and high energy storage efficiency demonstrated in this work illustrate the application potential of site-engineered BaTiO3 samples in efficient cooling and storage devices.
The interaction of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with liquid water: dimple dynamics and its impact on crystal violet decomposition
Authors: Kondeti V S Santosh K , Bruggeman Peter J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The interaction of atmospheric pressure plasmas with a liquid can result in the deformation of the gas–liquid interface. In this paper, we report on the gas–liquid interfacial dynamics during the impingement of an argon radio frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The dynamics of the dimples generated during the impingement of the APPJ on the liquid depends on the plasma power, gas flow rate, size of the liquid container and the distance of the APPJ nozzle to the liquid surface. When the plasma is in contact with the liquid, the dimple oscillation frequency correlates with the dynamics of the plasma filament. At larger jet-liquid distances, the APPJ behaves similar to a gas jet although in most cases with an enhanced deformation of the liquid interface or change in dimple dynamics. The observed dimple oscillations can significantly enhance the decomposition efficiency of crystal violet by enhancing liquid phase convection. The conditions studied in this paper are similar to typical conditions for in vitro plasma-bio-interaction studies and the plasma-induced interfacial liquid dynamics, which is often not considered in many studies, might enhance plasma-induced liquid phase chemistry and reactivity.