bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La gestión tributaria en cajas de ahorros como herramienta de control.
Authors: Mayorga Díaz Mónica Patricia , Leguisamo Rosado Erika Vanessa , López Paredes María Alexandra , Espinosa Jaramillo María Teresa 
Published: May 2020

Las cajas de ahorro en Ecuador han sido constituidas como necesidad de financiamiento, en especial en el sector rural, administradas por los dirigentes de las comunidades las cuales carecen de un ente regulador específico y acorde a la idiosincrasia de estas organizaciones de la economía popular y solidaria, lo que ha impedido el crecimiento económico y social de éstas; los procedimientos de control permiten a las organizaciones establecer un orden sistemático de las transacciones que realiza la empresa, debido a los frecuentes descubrimientos de fraudes en las organizaciones, los mismos ayudan a examinar si existe un cumplimiento de los procesos, políticas en la empresa, en la gestión tributaria estos controles permiten identificar las necesidades de mejoras en los procesos que ayuden a trabajar de manera eficiente y efectiva, para esto se debe planificar las actividades que den los resultados requeridos por las organizaciones. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de esta investigación es revisar el análisis documental y bibliográfico de los modelos de gestión tributaria para trivializar a los movimientos de las cajas de ahorro. Para esta investigación se utilizó una revisión documental de las disposiciones emitidas por los organismos de control, boletines, guías, lineamientos, para proceder a la construcción de la información.
Short-term assessment of left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Dukhan Ahmed L. , Ramadan Abd El Megeed M. , Hafez Basem A. , Rashed Peter A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative left ventricular function is still the subject of ongoing studies. The degree of recovery and its duration have not been precisely determined, and the published data are discordant. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of surgical revascularization on left ventricular systolic function.
Methods: We prospectively studied 50 consecutive patients who underwent elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in the period from January 2017 to November 2017. All patients had echocardiography preoperatively, pre-discharge, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were measured in all patients.
Results: The mean age was 57.22±7.04 years. The mean number of grafts was 2.60±1.02. Improvement in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) score from (2.72 ± 1.03) preoperatively to [(0.12 ± 0.39), p<0.001] after six months was achieved. Additionally, improvement in the patient New York Heart Association (NYHA) score occurred from (1.70 ± 0.97) preoperatively to [(0.12 ± 0.33), p<0.001] after six months. A significant improvement in left ventricular function occurred as demonstrated by improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction from (54.14±9.80) % to [(62.40 ± 4.18) %, p<0.001] at six months. The mean total hospital stay was 5.62±1.51 days. The mean total intensive care unit length of stay was 47.16±25.73 hours. Two patients (4%) had re-exploration for bleeding, and postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in three patients (6%). One patient (2%) had postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction, and 3 patients (6%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation. Two patients (4%) suffered from superficial wound infection. There was no hospital mortality.
Conclusion: Patients undergoing CABG experienced an improvement in left ventricular contractile function at six months postoperatively. Further studies are required to evaluate the changes after 6 months.
Surgical Repair versus Conservative Treatment for Moderate Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Concomitant with Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Rezk Moataz , Moustafa Shimaa , Singab Nora , Elnahas Ashraf 
Published: May 2020

Background: Management of moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) secondary to left-sided valve lesion is controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term results of surgical repair versus conservative treatment for moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in concomitant with mitral valve surgery.
Methods: Our study included 60 patients with mitral valve lesion and moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group A included 30 patients whose tricuspid valve disease were managed conservatively, and group B included 30 patients who had tricuspid valve band annuloplasty.
Results: Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data were comparable between groups. There was no difference regarding mechanical ventilation time (6 .13 ± 3.02 vs. 7.01 ± 4.14 hours; p= 0.291), or intensive care unit stay (51.42 ± 12.1 vs. 52.31 ± 15.32 hours; p=0.614) in group A and B respectively. There was a significant improvement in the degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation in group B early postoperative (moderate tricuspid regurgitation reported in 22 (73.3%) vs. 4 (13.3%); p<0.001) and at 3 months (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 11 (36.7%) vs. 2 (6.7%); p<0.001) and 6 months follow up (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 10 (30%) vs. 2 (6.7%); p<0.001) in group A and B respectively. After 6-months, 20 (66.7%) patients in group A had dyspnea grade I compared to 26 (86.7%) patients in group B; p=0.021.
Conclusion: Although the correction of the left-sided lesion improved the degree of TR in some patients, concomitant repair of the tricuspid valve could produce better improvement in the clinical outcome when compared to the conservative approach.
Sutureless Perceval versus Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve, Single Center Experience
Authors: Fouly Mohamed Abdel Hafez 
Published: May 2020

Background: High-risk patients are currently presenting for aortic valve replacement (AVR). Sutureless valves may decrease the operative risk in those patients. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term and one-year follow-up results of the sutureless Perceval valve versus bioprosthetic aortic valve.
Methods: The data of patients who underwent elective AVR with bioprosthesis were collected From March 2012 to March 2017. The patients were divided into two groups; group 1 included the patients who had a sutureless aortic valve (Perceval) (n= 25; 3.57% of total AVR patients), and group 2 included patients who had conventional bioprosthesis (n= 50; 7.1% of total AVR patients).
Results: The median age of patients in group 1 was 67 years (25th- 75th percentiles; 64-71), and in group 2 was 66 years (25th- 75th percentiles: 63 to 69). There is no significant difference in the patients’ comorbidities between the two groups. The median duration of the ischemic time was significantly lower in group 1 (33 (25th- 75th percentiles: 32- 35) vs. 60.5 (58- 66), respectively; p< 0.001). Perceval valve was used more commonly in patients who had minimally invasive AVR (n= 21 (84%) in group 1 vs. 11 (22%) in group 2; p<0.001). Postoperative complications were comparable between both groups. The early paravalvular leak was non-significantly higher in group 1 (12% vs. 2%; p= 0105). The mean postoperative gradient was lower in group 1 (7 (7-9) vs. 10 (8-12) mmHg; p<0.001). The changes in valvular gradient were not significantly different between both groups (p= 0.5). The hospital stay was lower in patients received Perceval valve (Coefficient: -1.3; 95% Cl: -2.3- -0.29; p=0.012)
Conclusion: Sutureless aortic valve (Perceval) is a new surgical technique for AVR, with potential advantages of reducing cross-clamp time and a subsequent reduction in myocardial ischemia, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and maintaining satisfactory hemodynamic outcomes through reducing patient prosthesis mismatch. All these advantages could help in decreasing postoperative hospital stay.
Kepemimpinan Wanita Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Abror Mhd. 
Published: May 2020

Pembahasan ini hendak menelaah lebih dalam tentang kepemimpinan perempuan di tinjau dari aspek hukum syariah. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas, bagaimana sebenarnya tuntunan syariah tentang kepemimpinan perempuan serta batas-batasnya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu suatu penelitian yang data-datanya berasal dari literatur-literatur yang terkait dengan obyek penelitian, kemudian dianalisis muatan isinya. Dari kajian ini menegaskan bahwa, terdapat kesepakatan ulama fiqih (ijmak) dari keempat madzhab dan lainnya, salaf dan kontemporer, bahwa perempuan tidak boleh menduduki jabatan al-khilafah al-ammah atau al-imamah al-udzma. Namun, tidak dipungkiri defenisi kedua istilah ini memiliki perbedaan pandangan. Mayoritas memaknai kata al-khilafah al-ammah atau al-imamah al-udzma sebagai kepala negara yang membawahi wilayah Islam di seluruh dunia seperti yang terjadi pada zaman empat khalifah pertama (khulafaur rasyidin), masa khilafah Abbasiyah dan Umayyah. Pada umumnya Ulama fiqih klasik melarang perempuan menjadi hakim, kecuali Ibnu Hazm, Ibnu Jarir At-Tabari dan imam Abu Hanifah mereka membolehkan perempuan menduduki posisi apapun. Pandangan ketiga ulama terakhir ini menjadi salah satu alasan ulama kontemporer atas bolehnya wanita menjabat posisi apapun asal memenuhi syarat.
Urgensi Kalender Hijriyah Sebagai Haul Zakat Maal di Baznas Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Angkat M. Arbisora 
Published: May 2020

Abstrak
Artikel ini ingin memberikan informasi kepada umat muslim bahwa seharusnya haul pembayaran zakat maal umat muslim menggunakan Kalender Hijriyah (354 hari). Karena selama ini praktiknya haul pemabayaran zakat maal umat muslim pada saat ini menggunakan Kalender Masehi (365 hari). Sehingga terdapat selisih sekitar 11 hari setiap tahunnya dan apabila Kalender Masehi terus digunakan sebagai haul pembayaran zakat maal, maka selama kurun waktu 30 tahun bisa menyebabkan hutang zakat maal dalam 1 tahun tidak dikeluarkan. Sebenarnya Kalender Masehi dapat digunakan untuk menentukan haul zakat maal, hanya saja persentase zakatnya adalah sebesar 2.577% bukan 2.5%. Persentase ini tentunya sangat berdampak terhadap nominal zakat maal yang ada Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, maka sudah seharusnya BAZNAS Provinsi Kepulauan Riau menggunakan persentase 2,577% apabila tetap menggunakan Kalender Masehi sebagai haul zakat maal. Sehingga tujuan zakat sebagai kemashlahatan umat manusia, sebagai solusi memecahkan problem kemiskinan, meratakan pendapatan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat Islam khususnya di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau bisa tercapai.
Kata Kunci : Kalender Hijriyah, Haul Zakat Maal. BAZNAS Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Abstract
This article would like to inform for Muslims that the haul payment of Muslim’s wealth zakat must be using the Hijri Calendar (354 days). Because all this time the practice of haul payment for Muslim’s wealth zakat is currently using the Solar Calendar (365 days). So there is a deviation around 11 days for each year and if the Solar Calendar to be used continously as a haul of wealth zakat payment, then for a period of 30 years can make the debt of wealth zakat in 1 year is not issued. Actually the Solar Calendar can be used to determine the wealth zakat haul, but the percentage of zakat is 2.577% not 2.5%. This percentage certainly has an impact on the nominal value of wealth zakat in the Riau Islands Province, so BAZNAS of Riau Islands Province must be using a percentage of 2.577% if they still using the Solar Calendar as a haul of wealth zakat. So the purpose of zakat as the mankind’s benefit, as a solution to solve the poorness problem, leveling income and improving the welfare of Muslims, especially in Riau Islands Province can be achieved.
Keyword : Hijri Calender, Wealth Zakat Haul. BAZNAS of Riau Islands Province
MENENTUKAN DETERMINAN SUATU MATRIKS DENGAN METODE CHIO
Authors: Saepudin Asep 
Published: May 2020

Matrix theory is a branch of linear algebra that discussed in the mathematical sciences. Mathematical sciences play an important role in human life, it is necessary to solve problems that can not be solved directly. Thus, the problem can be transformed into the form of a mathematical model. One is the SPL (Linear Equation System). Various methods can be used to solve it. But for the SPL with a large variable can be solved by matrix methods, namely the inverse matrix. In the inverse matrix of the determinants involved. If the search value that ordo major determinant of the matrix (ð‘›×ð‘›), it would require an effective method. One is the method of Chio. Chio method can be applied to all square matrixas long as the element is ð‘Ž11 not equal to zero (ð‘Ž11≠0). Chio method of calculating the determinant of the matrix by decomposing determinant will look into sub-determinant of degree two (2×2) using the matrix element row 1 and column 1 as pointof departure. The decomposition is performed using the following sized matrix:
Keywords: Matrix, Matrix Determinant, Chio method.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIS SISWA (DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI DAN KOMUNIKASI)
Authors: Ariyanti Hidayatul Purnama 
Published: May 2020

This research is motivated by the low mathematical ability of students seen in the test results Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012. The ability of mathematics not only be based on the ability of understanding only, but there are also other capabilities that factor into the level of mathematical ability of students, among others, representation and communication capabilities. So to overcome this use realistic mathematics learning. Formulation of the problem in this research is "Is there any realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication?". The goal was to determine the effect of realistic mathematics learning of the mathematical ability of students' representation and communication. The method used is Posttest-Only Control Design which will give treatment to the realistic mathematics learning experiment class and conventional learning to control class. After treatment, given posttes to measure its influence in the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. The research instrument in the form of tests which contains the indicator variables. Subjects in this study were 32 students of the control class and 32 students for the experimental class. For data analysis used the t-test previously conducted pre-requisite test the normality and homogeneity test. In this study, H0 reads No realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. And H1 reads no realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. The results show the ability of the student representation is obtained and the communication skills of students obtained which showed that H0 refused on both. It can be concluded that the realistic mathematics instruction affect the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication.

Keywords: Realistic Mathematics Education, Communication Skills, Representation Skills.
PENERAPAN METODE POLYA PADA SOAL CERITA PROGRAM LINEAR
Authors: Fitriatien Sri Rahmawati 
Published: May 2020

Pemecahan masalah dengan Polya merupakan dasar yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah soal cerita program linear. Metode polya memiliki empat tahapan, tahapan pertama adalah pemahaman terhadap masalah matematika, tahap kedua adalah perencanaan penyelesaian masalah matematika, tahapan ketiga adalah penyelesaian masalah matematika, dan tahapan keempat adalah melakukan pengecekan ulang penyelesaian masalah matematika yang sudah dikerjakan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah masalah program linear. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan observasi dan pemberian soal latihan sebagai tes kemampuan setelah proses belajar mengajar selesai. Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa ketika diterapkan metode polya, di analisa dengan menjumlahkan skor aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan aspek penilaian yang telah tervalidasi. Selain aktivitas belajar mahasiswa, hasil belajar mahasiswa juga dianalisa dengan menghitung ketuntasan belajar mahasiswa secara individu terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan menghitung ketuntasan belajar mahamahasiswa. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah penerapan metode polya pada materi ini, mengalami perbedaan hasil antara sebelum diterapkan dan setelah dilakukan penerapan metode polya. Persentase aktivitas belajar mahasiswa sebelum menggunakan metode polya adalah 63,82% dan terdapat kenaikan nilai sebesar 81,23%. Peneliti dapat mengasumsikan bahwa metode pemecahan masalah polya mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan bentuk kreativitas mahasiswa pada materi program linear.
Kata Kunci: penerapan, metode polya, soal cerita
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA CALON GURU SEMESTER VI IKIP-PGRI PONTIANAK
Authors: Nurmaningsih Nurmaningsih 
Published: May 2020

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa calon guru semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa calon guru semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak pada masing-masing aspek pemecahan masalah matematika. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitiannya adalah studi kasus. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Pada aspek memahami masalah, mahasiswa sudah menuliskan informasi yang ada pada soal namun masih terdapat kekurangan dan kesalahan dalam menentukan apa yang ditanyakan pada soal, (2) Pada aspek merencanakan penyelesaian, mahasiswa masih belum menuliskan rencana penyelesaian secara sistematis dan detail pada tiap langkah-langkahnya, (3) Pada aspek melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian, masih terdapat kesalahan dalam perhitungan sehingga menghasilkan jawaban yang kurang tepat, (4) Pada aspek memeriksa kembali hasil yang diperoleh, masih terdapat kesalahan dalam kesimpulan akibat dari kesalahan dalam memahami masalah dan juga kesalahan dalam perhitungan.

Kata kunci: pemecahan masalah, program linear

Abstract
This study aims to decrypt the problem solving skills of mathematics students prospective teacher semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak. Specifically, this study aims to describe the mathematical problem solving skills of prospective teachers of semester VI of IKIP-PGRI Pontianak in each aspect of solving mathematical problems. In this study used descriptive method with the form of research is a case study. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) In the aspect of understanding the problem, the students have written information on the problem but there are still deficiencies and mistakes in determining what is asked on the question, (2) In the aspect of the plan of settlement, the student still has not written the plan (3) In the aspect of executing the settlement plan, there are still errors in the calculation so as to produce a less precise answer, (4) In the aspect of re-examining the results obtained, there is still a mistake in the conclusion of the result of Error in understanding the problem and also the error in the calculation.

Key word: problem solving, linear programming
North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Manai Adel 
Published: May 2020

By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without. The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?
Quantum Discrepancy: A Non-Commutative Version of Combinatorial Discrepancy
Authors: Alishahi Kasra , Rajaee Mohaddeseh , Rajaei Ali 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce a notion of quantum discrepancy, a non-commutative version of combinatorial discrepancy which is defined for projection systems, i.e. finite sets of orthogonal projections, as non-commutative counterparts of set systems. We show that besides its natural algebraic formulation, quantum discrepancy, when restricted to set systems, has a probabilistic interpretation in terms of determinantal processes. Determinantal processes are a family of point processes with a rich algebraic structure. A common feature of this family is the local repulsive behavior of points. Alishahi and Zamani (2015) exploit this repelling property to construct low-discrepancy point configurations on the sphere.
We give an upper bound for quantum discrepancy in terms of $N$, the dimension of the space, and $M$, the size of the projection system, which is tight in a wide range of parameters $N$ and $M$. Then we investigate the relation of these two kinds of discrepancies, i.e. combinatorial and quantum, when restricted to set systems, and bound them in terms of each other.
Commutation Classes of the Reduced Words for the Longest Element of ${\mathfrak S}_n$
Authors: Gutierres Gonçalo , Mamede Ricardo , Santos José Luis 
Published: May 2020

Using the standard Coxeter presentation for the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_{n}$, two reduced expressions for the same group element $\textsf{w}$ are said to be commutationally equivalent if one expression can be obtained from the other one by applying a finite sequence of commutations. The commutation classes can be seen as the vertices of a graph $\widehat{G}(\textsf{w})$, where two classes are connected by an edge if elements of those classes differ by a long braid relation. We compute the radius and diameter of the graph $\widehat{G}(\textsf{w}_{\bf 0})$, for the longest element $\textsf{w}_{\bf 0}$ in the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_{n}$, and show that it is not a planar graph for $n\geq 6$. We also describe a family of commutation classes which contains all atoms, that is classes with one single element, and a subfamily of commutation classes whose elements are in bijection with standard Young tableaux of certain moon-polyomino shapes.