bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance With Imaging Guidelines for Workup of Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Timpone Vincent M. , Jensen Alexandria , Poisson Sharon N. , Trivedi Premal S. 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Multiple societal guidelines recommend urgent brain and neurovascular imaging in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) to identify and treat risk factors that may lead to future stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether national imaging utilization for workup of TIA complies with society guidelines.

Methods:

Analysis utilized the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Primary analysis was performed on a 2017 cohort, and secondary trend analysis was performed on cohorts from 2006 to2017. Patients diagnosed and discharged from emergency departments with TIA were identified using
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
and
Tenth Revision
codes. Brain and neurovascular imaging obtained during the encounter was identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Demographics, health insurance, patient income, and hospital-type covariates were analyzed using a hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of obtaining neurovascular imaging during an emergency department encounter.

Results:
In 2017, there were 167 999 patients evaluated and discharged from emergency departments with TIA. The percentage of patients receiving brain and neurovascular imaging was 78.5% and 43.2%, respectively. The most common imaging workup utilized was a solitary computed tomography–brain without any neurovascular imaging (30.9% of encounters). Decreased odds of obtaining neurovascular imaging was observed in Medicaid patients (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58–0.74]), rural hospitals (odds ratio, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.17–0.41]), nontrauma centers (odds ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.21–0.74]), and weekend encounters (odds ratio, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.85–0.96]). Trend analysis demonstrated a steady rise in brain and neurovascular imaging in 2006 from 34.9% and 6.8% of encounters, respectively, to 78.5% and 43.2% of encounters in 2017.

Conclusions:
Compliance with imaging guidelines is improving; however, the majority of TIA patients discharged from the emergency department do not receive recommended neurovascular imaging during their encounter. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether delayed or incomplete vascular screening increases the risk of future stroke.
Biparental negotiation or larval begging? Determinant of male provisioning in a burying beetle (Nicrophorus quadripunctatus)
Authors: Suzuki Seizi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In species showing biparental care, parents often adjust their level of care facultatively. Partners can potentially monitor each other directly (modify their effort sequentially in direct response to the prior effort of their mate) or indirectly (parents modify their effort through the begging rates of their offspring). This study examined whether partner negotiation or begging by larvae best explains male provisioning in Nicrophorus quadripunctatus. The frequency of males approaching larvae to feed did not increase with either female removal or female handicapping. However, larval begging toward males increased with female removal, but not with female handicapping. This suggests that larvae are not affected by the change of female investment in care but larvae reacted to the absence of a female parent. Although larvae begged more towards the male when the female was removed, my findings show that males did not respond by increasing their care, which suggests that males are insensitive to variation in their partner’s state or offspring behaviour in N. quadripunctatus.
Court Divination and Christianity in the K’Ang-Hsi Era
Authors: Yi-long Huang 
Published: July 2020

It has been said that “ astrological interpretations are neither mumbo jumbo nor unsuccessful science. They are best understood, like modern economic indicators, as a technical framework for policy debates, resolved, as often as not, on other grounds. Faith in the validity of astrological categories, like confidence in extensively manipulated statistics today, persists despite their repeated failure to deliver accurate predictions.” The same might be remarked of divination as an element in the formation of imperial Chinese policy. This study aims to demonstrate that astrology, siting, and hemerology, because they provided a form for resolving opposed interests, played focal roles in great events . Their neglect by historians of science is unwarranted. Conversely, it is impossible without considering the involvement of divination to understand many changes in government policy.
Yang Kuang-hsien’s celebrated anti-Christian movement in the K’ang-hsi era deeply influenced the scientific and cultural interchange between China and the West. Most previous studies of these movements have been focused on the calendar controversy between Yang and the Jesuits Johann Adam Schall vo n Bell (T’ang Jo-wang) and Ferdinand Verbiest (Nan Huai-jen). The inquiry summarized in this paper, however, indicates that deliberations in 1658 on the time of burial for Prince Jung, the fourth son of the Shih-tsu. the Shun-chih emperor, were pivotal for the fortunes of Christianity in the late seventeenth century.
Hemerology, the choice of lucky days, an art tied to (among other activities) the siting of tombs, has been since the Han one of the most important responsibilities of the court astrologer, who was expected to propose dates for state ceremonies. Two groups of people, led by Yang and Schall respectively , used different traditions of hemerology in their attempts to control the Imperial Board of Astronomy. Both sides used sudden shifts in the political situation to attack their opponents. The controversy prompted the royal astronomers to involve themselves in what had been a long-standing dispute over siting among astrologers serving the common people. This case, previously seldom discussed, was in many ways the most important of the incidents that triggered the anti-missionary agitation in the early K’ang-hsi period. This seemingly trivial polemic over the time of an infant’s burial, in view of its fateful consequences for the introduction of Western thought into China, will serve as an excellent example of the political significance of astrology, siting, and hemerology. A second example discussions of the Dalai Lama's visit to Peking in 1652, in which traditional astrology played a larger role, demonstrates that its uses in political debate were part of a set of roles shared by the divinatory arts.
Albumin and calcium reference interval using healthy individuals and a data-mining approach
Authors: Jassam N , Luvai A , Narayanan D , Turnock D , Lee G , Earp K , West J , Day A , Jeffery J , Zouwail S , El-Farhan N , Dearman R , Hayden K , Willett S , Osborne J , Barth JH 
Published: July 2020

Background Harmonization of reference intervals for analytes that have a sound calibration and metrological traceability is a widely recommended practice. The UK Pathology Harmony has recently harmonized reference intervals for calcium and albumin. In this study, we have determined the reference intervals for calcium and albumin on the UK’s most commonly used analytical platforms. Method A prospective reference population of healthy individuals was recruited according to the IFCC CRIDL criteria. A second indirect population was collected from 14 primary care setting and measured in laboratories using various analytical platforms and methods (Roche, Abbott, Beckman and Siemens analytical platforms). Results In total, 299 subjects were recruited; the central 95th centile values for calcium for three out of four analytical platforms were in a close agreement with UK Pathology Harmony reference intervals of 2.2–2.6 mmol/L. Reference intervals of BCG methods from both cohorts and irrespective of analytical platforms were higher for both lower and upper reference limits than those for BCP. In comparison, the indirect study showed an age-related variation. The younger population reference intervals varied by up to 5.7% at the lower reference limit and up to 12% at the upper reference limit compared with Pathology Harmony reference intervals, and the older population showed a variation of up to 14% at both limits. Conclusion While calcium reference intervals can be a subject for harmonization, albumin reference intervals studied showed large variation which is unsupportive of embracing a common reference interval for albumin.
Healthy eating in a Boys & Girls Club afterschool programme: Barriers, facilitators and opportunities
Authors: Brockman Tabetha A , Sim Leslie A , Biggs Bridget K , Bronars Carrie A , Meiers Sonja J , Tolleson Ellen , Ridgeway Jennifer L , Asiedu Gladys B , Hanza Marcelo M , Olson Molly A , Slowiak Kathleen A , Weis Jennifer A , Patten Christi A , Clark Matthew M , Millerbernd Jodi , Sia Irene G , Wieland Mark L 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To determine intervention needs and to gather stakeholder input regarding healthy eating promotion for youth members served at a Boys & Girls Club in Rochester, Minnesota. Design: Mixed-methods design informed by community-based participatory research principles. Setting and Method: Young people completed a dietary habits questionnaire and height and weight measure-ments. Focus groups gathered stakeholder – Boys & Girls Club members, staff, caregivers – perspectives on opportunities to improve children’s healthy eating through the club setting. Content analysis identified major themes in informants’ accounts. Results: Participants identified individual and environmental barriers to healthy eating and opportunities to reduce barriers at this Boys & Girls Club site. Few children met basic nutritional guidelines related to fruit, vegetable, milk and water consumption, and limiting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and nearly half were overweight/obese. Stakeholders expressed interest in healthy eating promotion and identified multiple individual-level, interpersonal and environmental opportunities to promote healthier eating through the Boys & Girls Club site. Conclusion: Findings build on a growing literature indicating afterschool programmes are uniquely positioned to address health disparities related to paediatric nutrition and obesity, and can be used to inform the design of a multi-layered intervention to address the complexities influencing dietary quality and obesity among diverse and underserved youth.
Do the commonly used standard questionnaires measure what is of concern to patients with low back pain?
Authors: Calmon Almeida Verena , da Silva Junior Walderi Monteiro , de Camargo Olaf Kraus , de Santana Filho Valter Joviniano , Oliveira Géssica Uruga , Santana Mylena Salgueiro , de Farias Neto Jader Pereira 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Evaluate whether questionnaires identified all the self-reported patient outcomes raised in focus groups. Design: Mixed methods research combined with qualitative analysis of focus groups. Settings: Physical therapy clinic in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Subjects: A total of 27 patients (aged >18 years, mean age 55.2 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain. Interventions: Three focus groups were conducted by the same investigator and analyzed by meaning unit condensation. The results obtained from the focus groups were codified according to the International Classification of Functioning. A similar process was adopted to codify the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index according to the International Classification of Functioning. The results of both coding processes were compared. Results: In the analysis, seven main concepts were identified, comprising 77 meaning units. Only three meaning units were not linked to the International Classification of Functioning. Most of the codes present in the questionnaires and focus groups represent limitations to activities. Some codes were identified in the questionnaires that were not mentioned by the focus group participants. No questionnaire assessed environmental factors or problems related to specific parts of the body, and very few assessed body function, all of which were issues raised in the focus groups. Conclusion: This study shows that not all fields considered important by patients to their function are being evaluated, and emotional and contextual factors should be included in clinical assessments in order to fully understand patient need.
A Combined Analysis of Genetically Correlated Traits Identifies Genes and Brain Regions for Insomnia
Authors: Liu Kezhi , Zhu Ling , Yu Minglan , Liang Xuemei , Zhang Jin , Tan Youguo , Huang Chaohua , He Wenying , Lei Wei , Chen Jing , Gu Xiaochu , Xiang Bo 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Previous studies have inferred that there is a strong genetic component in insomnia. However, the etiology of insomnia is still unclear. This study systematically analyzed multiple genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets with core human pathways and functional networks to detect potential gene pathways and networks associated with insomnia. Methods: We used a novel method, multitrait analysis of genome-wide association studies (MTAG), to combine 3 large GWASs of insomnia symptoms/complaints and sleep duration. The i-Gsea4GwasV2 and Reactome FI programs were used to analyze data from the result of MTAG analysis and the nominally significant pathways, respectively. Results: Through analyzing data sets using the MTAG program, our sample size increased from 113,006 subjects to 163,188 subjects. A total of 17 of 1,816 Reactome pathways were identified and showed to be associated with insomnia. We further revealed 11 interconnected functional and topologically interacting clusters (Clusters 0 to 10) that were associated with insomnia. Based on the brain transcriptome data, it was found that the genes in Cluster 4 were enriched for the transcriptional coexpression profile in the prenatal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( P = 7 × 10−5), inferolateral temporal cortex ( P = 0.02), medial prefrontal cortex ( P < 1 × 10−5), and amygdala ( P < 1 × 10−5), and detected RPA2, ORC6, PIAS3, and PRIM2 as core nodes in these 4 brain regions. Conclusions: The findings provided new genes, pathways, and brain regions to understand the pathology of insomnia.
Influence of Body Weight Category on Outcomes in Candidemia Patients Treated With Anidulafungin
Authors: Hutton Mary , Kenney Rachel M. , Vazquez Jose A. , Davis Susan L. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Case reports and pharmacokinetic data suggest off-label echinocandin dosing may be needed to reach adequate serum concentrations in obese patients. Few outcome studies exist evaluating this population. Objectives: Of this study were to (1) determine the association of body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcomes of candidemia patients on standard doses of anidulafungin and (2) characterize fungal infections by body weight. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted to evaluate hospitalized patients treated for candidemia with anidulafungin at Food and Drug Administration–labeled dosing for at least 72 hours from January 1, 2014, through January 31, 2018. Candidemia was diagnosed by blood culture or T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR). Patients were compared according to BMI category. Results: One hundred seventy-three patients were included. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were identified in 58 (33%) and 57 (33%) patients, respectively. Mortality was comparable according to BMI category: 4 (36.4%) underweight, 8 (25.8%) normal weight, 16 (32.0%) overweight, 20 (33.9%) obese, and 7 (31.8%) morbidly obese, P = .976. Variables associated with mortality included: severe sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-14.8) and liver disease (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.4). Variables that were protective of mortality included: line removal (adjusted OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.2) and receipt of anidulafungin for at least 5 days (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.8). Conclusion: There was no difference detected in mortality among patients with candidemia across BMI category. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether standard doses of anidulafungin are sufficient for candidemia in obese patients.
Using gradient boosting with stability selection on health insurance claims data to identify disease trajectories in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ploner Tina , Heß Steffen , Grum Marcus , Drewe-Boss Philipp , Walker Jochen 
Published: July 2020

Objective We propose a data-driven method to detect temporal patterns of disease progression in high-dimensional claims data based on gradient boosting with stability selection. Materials and methods We identified patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a German health insurance claims database with 6.5 million individuals and divided them into a group of patients with the highest disease severity and a group of control patients with lower severity. We then used gradient boosting with stability selection to determine variables correlating with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity and subsequently model the temporal progression of the disease using the selected variables. Results We identified a network of 20 diagnoses (e.g. respiratory failure), medications (e.g. anticholinergic drugs) and procedures associated with a subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity. Furthermore, the network successfully captured temporal patterns, such as disease progressions from lower to higher severity grades. Discussion The temporal trajectories identified by our data-driven approach are compatible with existing knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showing that the method can reliably select relevant variables in a high-dimensional context. Conclusion We provide a generalizable approach for the automatic detection of disease trajectories in claims data. This could help to diagnose diseases early, identify unknown risk factors and optimize treatment plans.
An Intraoperative Rescue Procedure for the Protruding Premaxilla in the Repair of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip: Rapid Premaxillary Molding
Authors: Chung Kyung Hoon , Sato Nobuhiro , Chou Pang-Yun , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: July 2020

Background: Primary reconstruction of complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with protruding premaxilla in one-stage surgery is challenging because of the tension on muscle repair. Such patients are also common in the developing countries. For this condition, we have applied intraoperative “rapid premaxillary molding (RPM)” technique and obtained satisfactory results. Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM including both our institution and cleft missions to developing countries in the past 20 years. Selection criteria were patients receiving either no or insufficient preoperative molding presenting with significant protruding premaxilla, had consecutive follow-ups after surgery. To perform this technique, the surgeon holds the patient’s face with both hands and compresses the protruding premaxilla with both thumbs. An intermittent but stable backward pressure is applied to the premaxilla until the segment is gradually flexible. Repeated compression is performed prior to tying the muscle sutures, at which time the premaxilla is retro-positioned and aligned with the lateral maxillary segments. Pre- and postoperative data were evaluated. Results: We have treated a total of 60 patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM. All patients tolerated the operations and there were no major intra- and postoperative complications including lip dehiscence and vomer fracture. All of them had satisfactory results such as adequate muscle repair and symmetry of the lip and nostrils. Conclusion: The RPM is a reliable and valuable intraoperative adjunct procedure for patients with complete BCLP presenting the protrusive premaxilla.
Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India
Authors: Menon Priya G , George Sanju , Nair B Sivasankaran , Rani Anjana , Thennarasu K , Jaisoorya TS 
Published: July 2020

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness. There is preliminary evidence that prevalence may vary across courses even among students of the same sociocultural background. Hence, we compared the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among college students enrolled in five common streams of collegiate education (medical, nursing, engineering, arts/science and others, law/fisheries) in Kerala, India. Methods: 5784 college students from 58 colleges (medical, nursing, engineering, arts, and law and fisheries) selected by cluster random sampling in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala, completed a self-administered questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. R software was used for analyses. Lifetime prevalence and severity of tobacco use were determined. Sociodemographic variables of tobacco users and nonusers enrolled in various courses were compared using chi-square test and two-way ANOVA. Furthermore, for each course, factors influencing tobacco use were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the sample was 19.5 ± 1.9 years, with the majority being female (65.3%). Lifetime prevalence of tobacco use varied from 0.5% in nursing students, 4.2% in medical students, 8.2% in students of arts and science, 12.5% in engineering students, and 22.8% among other students (law/fisheries). Approximately two-thirds of all tobacco users across courses showed signs of nicotine dependence. Dependent users also showed variance with none in nursing, 2.6% among medicine, 1.6% among arts and science, 1.9% among engineering, and 6.3% among others. Male gender and alcohol use were consistently associated with tobacco use across courses, whereas other examined psychosocial correlates showed variance. Conclusions: To conclude, it appears that among college students, course-level characteristics may influence risk of tobacco use. This has public health importance as it suggests that interventions need to be tailored bearing this in mind. Future research needs to examine campus-level characteristics that may explain variance.