bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamin is essential for nuclear localization of the GPI synthesis enzyme PIG-B and GPI-anchored protein production in Drosophila
Authors: Yamamoto-Hino Miki , Kawaguchi Kohei , Ono Masaya , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Goto Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Membrane lipid biosynthesis is a complex process that occurs in various intracellular compartments. In Drosophila, phosphatidylinositol glycan-B (PIG-B), which catalyzes addition of the third mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), localizes to the nuclear envelope (NE). Although this NE localization is essential for Drosophila development, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. To elucidate this mechanism, we identified PIG-B-interacting proteins by performing immunoprecipitation followed by proteomic analysis. We then examined which of these proteins are required for the NE localization of PIG-B. Knockdown of Lamin Dm0, a B-type lamin, led to mislocalization of PIG-B from the NE to the endoplasmic reticulum. Lamin Dm0 associated with PIG-B at the inner nuclear membrane, a process that required the tail domain of Lamin Dm0. Furthermore, GPI moieties were distributed abnormally in the Lamin Dm0 mutant. These data indicate that Lamin Dm0 is involved in the NE localization of PIG-B and is required for proper GPI-anchor modification of proteins.
Rapid cold hardening: ecological relevance, physiological mechanisms and new perspectives
Authors: Teets Nicholas M. , Gantz J. D. , Kawarasaki Yuta 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a type of phenotypic plasticity that allows ectotherms to quickly enhance cold tolerance in response to brief chilling (lasting minutes to hours). In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of this important phenotype and provide new directions for research. As one of the fastest adaptive responses to temperature known, RCH allows ectotherms to cope with sudden cold snaps and to optimize their performance during diurnal cooling cycles. RCH and similar phenotypes have been observed across a diversity of ectotherms, including crustaceans, terrestrial arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. In addition to its well-defined role in enhancing survival to extreme cold, RCH also protects against nonlethal cold injury by preserving essential functions following cold stress, such as locomotion, reproduction, and energy balance. The capacity for RCH varies across species and across genotypes of the same species, indicating that RCH can be shaped by selection and is likely favored in thermally variable environments. Mechanistically, RCH is distinct from other rapid stress responses in that it typically does not involve synthesis of new gene products; rather, the existing cellular machinery regulates RCH through post-translational signaling mechanisms. However, the protective mechanisms that enhance cold hardiness are largely unknown. We provide evidence that RCH can be induced by multiple triggers in addition to low temperature, and that rapidly induced tolerance and cross-tolerance to a variety of environmental stressors may be a general feature of stress responses that requires further investigation.
Polygenic Risk Scores and Physical Activity
Authors: KUJALA URHO M. , PALVIAINEN TEEMU , PESONEN PAULA , WALLER KATJA , SILLANPÄÄ ELINA , NIEMELÄ MAISA , KANGAS MAARIT , VÄHÄ-YPYÄ HENRI , SIEVÄNEN HARRI , KORPELAINEN RAIJA , JÄMSÄ TIMO , MÄNNIKKÖ MINNA , KAPRIO JAAKKO 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize genome-wide genotype data into a single variable that produces an individual-level risk score for genetic liability. PRS has been used for prediction of chronic diseases and some risk factors. As PRS has been studied less for physical activity (PA), we constructed PRS for PA and studied how much variation in PA can be explained by this PRS in independent population samples.

Methods
We calculated PRS for self-reported and objectively measured PA using UK Biobank genome-wide association study summary statistics, and analyzed how much of the variation in self-reported (MET-hours per day) and measured (steps and moderate-to-vigorous PA minutes per day) PA could be accounted for by the PRS in the Finnish Twin Cohorts (FTC; N = 759–11,528) and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966; N = 3263–4061). Objective measurement of PA was done with wrist-worn accelerometer in UK Biobank and NFBC1966 studies, and with hip-worn accelerometer in the FTC.

Results
The PRS accounted from 0.07% to 1.44% of the variation (R
2) in the self-reported and objectively measured PA volumes (P value range = 0.023 to <0.0001) in the FTC and NFBC1966. For both self-reported and objectively measured PA, individuals in the highest PRS deciles had significantly (11%–28%) higher PA volumes compared with the lowest PRS deciles (P value range = 0.017 to <0.0001).

Conclusions
PA is a multifactorial phenotype, and the PRS constructed based on UK Biobank results accounted for statistically significant but overall small proportion of the variation in PA in the Finnish cohorts. Using identical methods to assess PA and including less common and rare variants in the construction of PRS may increase the proportion of PA explained by the PRS.
To live and age as who we really are
Authors: Roe Lorna , Galvin Miriam , Booi Laura , Brandao Lenisa , Leon Salas Jorge , McGlinchey Eimear , Walrath Dana 
Published: February 2020

This Open Letter discusses the theme of ‘diversity in brain health’ in research, practice and policy for older LGBT+ people. It is written by a multidisciplinary group of Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute in Trinity College Dublin (TCD), from a variety of disciplines (health economics, human geography, anthropology, psychology, gerontology) and professions (researcher, clinicians, writers, practicing artists). The group developed a workshop to explore the theme of ‘Diversity and Brain Health’ through the lens of non-normative gender identities and sexualities. Guided by two advisors (Prof Agnes Higgins, TCD; Mr Ciaran McKinney, Age and Opportunity), we invited older LGBT+ people and those interested in the topic of LGBT+ and ageing, healthcare providers, policy makers and interested members of the research community. We partnered with colleagues in the School of Law to include socio-legal perspectives. Following the workshop, Roe and Walrath wrote an opinion editorial, published in the Irish Times during the 2019 PRIDE festival, and were subsequently invited by HRB Open Access to provide a more detailed expansion of that work. In this Open Letter we describe the theme of ‘diversity and brain health’ and some of the lessons we learned from listening to the lived experience of older LGBT+ people in Ireland today. We illustrate why it’s important to understand the lived experience of older LGBT+ people and highlight the failure of the State to evaluate the experience of LGBT+ people in policy implementation. We call on researchers, clinicians, service planners and policy makers, to recognize and address diversity as an important way to address health inequities in Ireland.
Significance of the proper acclimatization, use of the acetazolamide and dexamethasone in prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS) – literature review
Authors: Mazur Karol , Machaj Dominik , Jastrzębska Sandra , Płaczek Alicja , Mazur Dominika 
Published: February 2020

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is an ilness, that occurs in non-acclimatized individuals after rapid ascent to high altitude, typically above 2,500 metres (8,000 ft). The main causes of the AMS are: reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. The early symptoms of AMS are non-specific such as: headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, and sleep disturbance, but not all need to be present at one time. It is very important to recognise the early symptoms of AMS and to start the treatment, because untreated AMS can progress to the life‐threatening: high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Treatment of AMS consists of stabilization of the patient conditon, descent to lower altitude, oxygen therapy and administering acetazolamide and dexamethasone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of the proper acclimatization, use of the acetazolamide and dexamethasone in prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS).Proper acclimatization, use of the acetazolamide and dexamethasone are highly effective in prevention of occurrence and reducing the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Pharmacological prophylaxis is not necessary in low-risk situations but should be considered in addition to gradual ascent for use in moderate- to high-risk situations Acetazolamide should be strongly considered in climbers and travelers at moderate or high risk of AMS with ascent to high altitude. Dexamethasone can be used as an alternative in individuals with a history of intolerance of or allergic reaction to acetazolamide. In rare circumstances (eg, military or rescue teams that must ascend rapidly to and perform physical work at >3500 m), consideration can be given to concurrent use of acetazolamide and dexamethasone.
The Theory and Practice of Investor Relations: A Global Perspective
Authors: Karolyi G. Andrew , Kim Dawoon , Liao Rose 
Published: February 2020

Using proprietary survey data of investor relations (IR) officers from 59 countries, we uncover new stylized facts on a wide variety of IR functions, such as the firm’s interactions with brokers and investors, the formulation of its disclosure policies, and its global outreach efforts. We find that IR activities vary widely across firms, industries, and countries. They have become increasingly important, as reflected by the more frequent involvement of IR officers with senior executives on a day-to-day basis. We also find that large and complex firms receiving greater media attention engage more in IR activities. In addition, firms domiciled in countries with weaker legal protections for investors and poorer disclosure standards, those cross-listed in the stock markets that are outperforming, and those with high global media visibility invest in greater global outreach efforts with IR activities. Firms’ IR efforts to investors worldwide are associated with higher Tobin’s q valuation ratios. We interpret our findings in the context of theories and existing evidence on the role of asymmetric information and governance problems in global markets. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Is Needle Knife Fistulotomy a Shortcut to Preventing Postendoscopic Retrograde Pancreatitis?
Authors: Chen Dennis Di , Keswani Rajesh N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) remains a common and potentially severe adverse event, with continued research efforts to reduce PEP incidence. Robust evidence exists supporting the selective use of pancreatic duct stent placement, administration of rectal indomethacin, wire-guided cannulation technique, and aggressive fluid hydration using lactated Ringer solution. Jang et al. presented a randomized control trial describing primary needle-knife fistulotomy and its benefit for biliary access and reduced PEP incidence. Although these data are compelling, we discuss the key study limitations and the need for further studying the role of primary needle-knife fistulotomy.
Impact of supplementation with different protein sources on the parasitological profile of ovine matrices and development of lambs
Authors: Chaves Gurgel Antonio Leandro , Dos Santos Difante Gelson , Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Da Silva Roberto Francisca Fernanda , Gioto Zaros Lilian , Costa Marcone Geraldo , Vinhas Ítavo Luis Carlos , Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste 
Published: February 2020

The aim was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with different protein sources from agro-industrial production on the parasitological profile of ovine matrices and the development of their offspring. The protein sources used were: soybean bran, cotton pie, babassu pie, and coconut pie. A total of 60 ovine matrices were used, with confirmed pregnancy and supplemented in the final third of gestation at 0.5% of live weight in pastures of deferred Marandu grass. The evaluations occurred from the final third of gestation and in the lactation phase until weaning. The data collected in the matrices were: counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and identification of infective larvae (Faecal test), evaluation of the degree of anemia by the FAMACHA© method, body weight (kg), and body condition score (BCS). In the lambs, the biometric measurements were taken from the 30 days of life until weaning. In Faecal test, the prevalence was 98% of Haemonchus spp. There was no effect of the protein sources for EPG (3476.0) and FAMACHA©. However, in the mats supplemented with coconut pie were observed the lowest body weights (36.9 kg) and lower BCS (2.7). Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes, and soybean meal used as a protein source in the supplementation of ovine matrices kept in deferred pastures of Marandu grass at the 0.5% level of live weight maintain the production indexes consistent with the physiology stage of the matrices even with a high endo-parasitic load.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of mangaba
Authors: Ascari Morgado Cristiane Maria , Lima Ana Carolina , Siqueira Ana Paula , Souza Eli Regina , Cunha Junior Luis Carlos 
Published: February 2020

The present study aimed to assess the behavior of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant activity of two mangaba varieties (H. speciosa var. gardneri and H. speciosa var. cuyabensis) during storage, in two ripening stages. The fruit were harvested from the Germplasm bank of the School of Agronomy, at two ripening stages: “mature green” (mature fruit picked from the tree) and “fallen” (ripe fruit collected from the ground). After collection, they were transported to the laboratory, washed under running water, immersed in chlorine solution at 100 mg L-1 for 10 minutes, left to dry and stored under ambient conditions (22±1ºC and 90±5% RH). The fruit were analyzed to determine ascorbic acid content, total extractable polyphenols, yellow flavonoids and antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Analyses were performed daily until the mangaba were unfit for sale, using 3 repetitions with 3 fruit each. The maximum conservation time was eight days for “mature green” and two days for “fallen" fruit. The cuyabensis variety exhibited greatest ascorbic acid content at both ripening stages, in addition to higher antioxidant activity, and was therefore found to have the best potential to be marketed as a “superfruit”.
Avaliação da piscicultura na microrregião do Alto Pantanal – Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Curvo Lucimar Rodrigues Vieira , Ferreira Milena Wolff , Porfírio Grasiela Edith de Oliveira , Oliveira Michel Angelo Constantino de , Alencar Sônia Biaggi Alves de , Costa Celso Soares , Andrade Gisele Braziliano de 
Published: February 2020

A piscicultura surge como modalidade de aquicultura alternativa, a qual vem se expandindo nos últimos anos. O estado de Mato Grosso (Brasil) vem se situando como o quarto maior produtor de peixes do Brasil, atingindo uma produção de 54.510 toneladas em 2018. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a piscicultura na Microrregião do Alto Pantanal. Foi adotada uma abordagem quali-quantitativa descritiva a partir de material documental, de dados fornecidos pelo Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária de Mato Grosso (INDEA/MT) referentes aos anos de 2016 e 2017. Analisou-se estatisticamente através do software R StudioÒ os principais compradores, vendedores e produtores por município e evidenciou-se que Cáceres e Poconé são os maiores produtores e vendedores dessa microrregião. Nossa Senhora do Livramento e Vila Bela de Santíssima Trindade são os maiores compradores. Constatou-se que os municípios de Cáceres e Poconé abastecem principalmente o mercado interno e o estado. Identificou-se necessidades de estudos em toda a cadeia produtiva, de modo a destacar as demandas do setor, tais como a comercialização, produção, sanidade e os aspectos socioambientais. Da mesma forma, evidenciou-se a importância do aumento da fiscalização e inclusão de políticas públicas que venham ao encontro das demandas dos produtores e/ou envolvidos na atividade de piscicultura nessa área do Pantanal. Dessa forma, tornar-se-iam viáveis contribuições para a sustentabilidade agropecuária, gerando riquezas, distribuição de renda, criação de postos de trabalho, participação comunitária intersetorial, empoderamento, justiça e equidade socioambiental.
Clinical use of mass spectrometry (imaging) for hard tissue analysis in abnormal fracture healing
Authors: Nauta Sylvia P. , Poeze Martijn , Heeren Ron M.A. , Porta Siegel Tiffany 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Common traumas to the skeletal system are bone fractures and injury-related articular cartilage damage. The healing process can be impaired resulting in non-unions in 5–10% of the bone fractures and in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in up to 75% of the cases of cartilage damage. Despite the amount of research performed in the areas of fracture healing and cartilage repair as well as non-unions and PTOA, still, the outcome of a bone fracture or articular cartilage damage cannot be predicted. Here, we discuss known risk factors and key molecules involved in the repair process, together with the main challenges associated with the prediction of outcome of these injuries. Furthermore, we review and discuss the opportunities for mass spectrometry (MS) – an analytical tool capable of detecting a wide variety of molecules in tissues – to contribute to extending molecular understanding of impaired healing and the discovery of predictive biomarkers. Therefore, the current knowledge and challenges concerning MS imaging of bone and cartilage tissue as well as in vivo MS are discussed. Finally, we explore the possibilities of in situ, real-time MS for the prediction of outcome during surgery of bone fractures and injury-related articular cartilage damage.
Recommendation for performance verification of patient-based real-time quality control
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Bietenbeck Andreas , Cervinski Mark A. , van Rossum Huub H. , Katayev Alex , Badrick Tony 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) is a laboratory tool for monitoring the performance of the testing process. It includes well-established procedures like Bull’s algorithm, average of nomals, moving median, moving average (MA) and exponentially (weighted) MAs. Following the setup and optimization processes, a key step prior to the routine implementation of PBRTQC is the verification and documentation of the performance of the PBRTQC as part of the laboratory quality system. This verification process should provide a realistic representation of the performance of the PBRTQC in the environment it is being implemented in, to allow proper risk assessment by laboratory practitioners. This document focuses on the recommendation on performance verification of PBRTQC prior to implementation.
The IUPAC100 Global Women’s Breakfast Empowering Women in Chemistry
Authors: Garson Mary , McConnell Laura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
On February 12, 2019, women chemists from over 50 different countries shared breakfast. They were taking part in the international networking event Empowering Women in Chemistry, an activity to celebrate the centenary of IUPAC. Women have made enormous contributions to the advancement of chemistry over the last 100 years, including as winners of Nobel prizes and many other major international awards, but they rarely take time to celebrate these achievements.
Ein neues Narrativ für Europa
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert Graf 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungGedanken und Aufrufe zu einer neuen europäischen Ordnung gibt es schon bald 150 Jahre. Es scheint aber, daß wir keinen Schritt weitergekommen sind. Heute brauchen wir diese neue Ordnung dringender denn je. Uns nur auf technische Innovation zu verlassen, erscheint gefährlich. Gebraucht wird ein Ordnungsmodell für das 21. Jahrhundert. Es wird sich wahrscheinlich eher auf Regionen als auf Nationen und ganz sicher auf eine europäische Zivilgesellschaft stützen müssen. Auch diese muss sich allerdings erst entwickeln, obwohl es seit fast 100 Jahren zivilgesellschaftliche europäische Bewegungen gibt. Hierzu bedarf es eines neuen europäischen Narrativs.
Civil society and the European Union. From enthusiasm to disenchantment
Authors: Grote Jürgen R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper adopts the wide definition of civil society, namely the one suggested by the EU. It includes all sorts of private collectives from producer groups, trade unions, care and common cause organizations, NGOs, to social and protest movements. Distinguishing between a structural (governance) and an actor-centred perspective (collective action) and, orthogonally, two levels of territorial complexity (the sub-, and the supranational), the history of the relationship between the EU and civil society is presented for the period of the past 35 years. It turns out that despite enormous efforts invested in the relationship from the part of both sides, and of many heroic declamations aimed at pathbreaking reform, the outcome tends to be relatively meagre and disenchanting both in institutional and organizational terms.
The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure: coordinating lipid metabolism across membranes
Authors: Kornmann Benoît 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Endosymbiosis, the beginning of a collaboration between an archaeon and a bacterium and a founding step in the evolution of eukaryotes, owes its success to the establishment of communication routes between the host and the symbiont to allow the exchange of metabolites. As far as lipids are concerned, it is the host that has learnt the symbiont’s language, as eukaryote lipids appear to have been borrowed from the bacterial symbiont. Mitochondria exchange lipids with the rest of the cell at membrane contact sites. In fungi, the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) is one of the best understood membrane tethering complexes. Its discovery has yielded crucial insight into the mechanisms of intracellular lipid trafficking. Despite a wealth of data, our understanding of ERMES formation and its exact role(s) remains incomplete. Here, I endeavour to summarise our knowledge on the ERMES complex and to identify lingering gaps.
Accordion Governance
Authors: Berman Ayelet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since the 1990s, western, developed countries have moved away from rule-making and standard-setting in multilateral intergovernmental organizations and have increasingly collaborated on those matters in clubs of developed countries, such as trans-governmental regulatory networks. Although clubs often generate rules or standards that affect developing countries, the latter have not had a voice in rule-making, resulting in a ‘participation gap’, for which clubs are being criticized. Against this background, I analyse a recent development that has largely gone unnoticed: Clubs have been integrating previously excluded developing countries. From small and exclusive clubs, they are growing into larger and more inclusive clubs. I call this trajectory of the past seventy years – the establishment of intergovernmental organizations, their increasing displacement in favour of clubs, and the recent reversion towards larger clubs – accordion governance. Like an accordion that expands or contracts as needed, so too have governance models and rule-making adjusted to changing conditions and preferences by becoming more or less inclusive. Focusing on club expansion, I address three questions: (1) How has participation – and the rules governing it – evolved over time? (2) Why are governments voluntarily sharing rule-making authority with new participants? (3) Can these reforms close the participation gap in international rule-making?