bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Developmental Study of the Self‐Prioritization Effect in Children Between 6 and 10 Years of Age
Authors: Maire Hélène , Brochard Renaud , Zagar Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Self‐biases are well described in adults but remain poorly understood in children. Here, we investigated in 6–10 year‐old children (N = 132) the self‐prioritization effect (SPE), a self‐bias which reflects, in adults, the perceptual advantage for stimuli arbitrarily associated with the self as compared to those associated with other persons. We designed a child‐friendly adaptation of a paradigm originally introduced in adults by Sui, He, and Humphreys (2012) in order to test whether the SPE also occurs in children and if so, to determine its evolution with age. A robust SPE was obtained from the age of 6, and this effect was similar‐sized in our four age groups. These findings are discussed with reference to the development of the self during childhood.
Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis
Authors: Zhong C , Lang Q , Yu J , Wu S , Xu F , Tian Y 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCD28H and B7-H5 have been identified as receptor–ligand pairs in the B7/CD28 family, and have co-stimulatory activity in immune cells. Here, we have systematically reviewed the research reports concerning the CD28H/B7-H5 pathway. It was found that CD28H is mainly expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells with naive and poorly differentiated properties, and repeated antigen stimulation leads to permanent loss of CD28H. In tumors, CD28H is mainly expressed in tissue-resident memory (TRM) lymphocyte T cells, which is associated with improved tumor prognosis. B7-H5 is a ligand for CD28H and is widely expressed in tumor cells. B7-H5 expression is closely related to the prognosis of the tumor. Studies have shown that high expression of B7-H5 in tumor is related to a worse prognosis for lung cancer, osteosarcoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), breast carcinoma, human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), but is associated with a better prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and glioma. Controversial views exist in studies on gastric cancer prognosis.
Maternal, cord, and three‐year‐old child serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study
Authors: Doherty Brett T. , Kosarek Noelle , Hoofnagle Andy N. , Xu Yingying , Zoeller R. Thomas , Yolton Kimberly , Chen Aimin , Lanphear Bruce P. , Braun Joseph M. , Romano Megan E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeMaternal thyroid function during pregnancy may influence offspring thyroid function, though relations between maternal and child thyroid function are incompletely understood. We sought to characterize relations between maternal, cord and child thyroid hormone concentrations in a population of mother‐child pairs with largely normal thyroid function.MethodsIn a prospective birth cohort, we measured thyroid hormone concentrations in 203 mothers at 16 gestational weeks, 273 newborns and 159 children at 3 years among participants in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate associations of maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy with cord serum thyroid hormones and also estimated associations of maternal and cord thyroid hormones with child thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH).ResultsEach doubling of maternal TSH was associated with a 16.4% increase of newborn TSH (95% CI: 3.9%, 30.5%), and each doubling of newborn TSH concentrations was associated with a 10.4% increase in child TSH concentrations at 3 years (95% CI: 0.1%, 21.7%). An interquartile range increase in cord FT4 concentrations was associated with an 11.7% decrease in child TSH concentrations at 3 years (95% CI: −20.2%, −2.3%).ConclusionsWe observed relationships between maternal, newborn and child thyroid hormone concentrations in the HOME Study. Our study contributes to understandings of interindividual variability in thyroid function among mother‐child pairs, which may inform future efforts to identify risk factors for thyroid disorders or thyroid‐related health outcomes.
Microstructural disruption of the right inferior fronto‐occipital and inferior longitudinal fasciculus contributes to WMH‐related cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Hai‐Feng , Huang Li‐Li , Li Hui‐Ya , Qian Yi , Yang Dan , Qing Zhao , Luo Cai‐Mei , Li Meng‐Chun , Zhang Bing , Xu Yun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) is the most common neuroimaging manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease and is related to cognitive dysfunction or dementia. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism and effective indicators to predict WMH‐related cognitive impairment.MethodsWe recruited 22 healthy controls (HC), 25 cases of WMH with normal cognition (WMH‐NC), and 23 cases of WMH with mild cognitive impairment (WMH‐MCI). All individuals underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a standardized neuropsychological assessment. Automated Fiber Quantification was used to extract altered DTI metrics between groups, and partial correlation was performed to assess the associations between WM integrity and cognitive performance. Furthermore, machine learning analyses were performed to determine underlying imaging markers of WMH‐related cognitive impairment.ResultsOur study found that mean diffusivity (MD) values of several fiber bundles including the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF), the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) were negatively correlated with memory function, while that of the anterior component of the right IFOF and the posterior and intermediate component of the right ILF showed significant negative correlation with MMSE and episodic memory, respectively. Furthermore, machine learning analyses showed that the accuracy of recognizing WMH‐MCI patients from the WMH populations was up to 80.5% and the intermediate and posterior components of the right ILF and the anterior component of the right IFOF contribute the most.ConclusionsChanges in the properties of DTI may be the potential mechanism of WMH‐related MCI, especially the right IFOF and the right ILF, which may become imaging markers for predicting WMH‐related cognitive dysfunction.
Hypersensitivity to antibiotics in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) from other culprits
Authors: Santiago Luis G. , Morgado Francisca J. , Baptista Mariana S. , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics have been implicated in the reactivation of exanthema and systemic involvement in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS); however, it is not clear whether these patients become sensitized to the antibiotic.ObjectiveTo evaluate if, after DRESS, patients become sensitized to antibiotics.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the patch test (PT) data and clinical files of DRESS patients who were administered antibiotics during DRESS from other culprits.ResultsNine patients out of 17 (53%) were positive to antibiotics in PT: six to the penicillin group and three to cephalosporins (including one patient with additional positivity to vancomycin). Considering the eight patients who were negative to antibiotics in PT, seven were exposed to a fluoroquinolone. Four cases were patch tested again and three remained positive to antibiotics 2 to 5 years thereafter. Two patients with positive PT results had an accidental re‐exposure to antibiotics and developed a maculopapular exanthema without systemic symptoms.ConclusionExposure to antibiotics during DRESS or its prodromal phase could enhance sensitization to antibiotics, as confirmed by a positive PT. Reproducibility of positive PTs to antibiotics after several years and reactivation after re‐exposure support that T‐cell‐mediated hypersensitivity to antibiotics in the setting of DRESS is a specific reaction.
CD44 expression in human skin: High expression in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and moderate expression in psoriasis lesions in comparison with healthy controls
Authors: Lugović‐Mihić Liborija , Novak‐Bilić Gaby , Vučić Majda , Japundžić Iva , Bukvić Iva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research using animal models demonstrated that CD44 expression may contribute to directing inflammatory cells into skin lesions during inflammation development in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).ObjectivesTo examine CD44 expression in patients with ACD and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and to compare it to patients with psoriatic lesions and healthy controls’ (HCs) skin.MethodsThis study included 200 patients comprising four groups of 50 each: ACD, ICD, psoriasis vulgaris, and HCs. CD44 expression was determined by immunohistochemical analysis using an optical microscope, and the results were visualized semiquantitatively by determining the percentage of immunoreactive cells in the epidermis, dermis, and on lymphocytes.ResultsThe highest CD44 expression was found in ICD, followed by ACD, psoriasis vulgaris, and lastly, the HCs (P < .001). Epidermal CD44 expression was significantly higher in contact dermatoses (especially in ICD) compared with psoriasis and healthy skin (P < .001). Similarly, CD44 expression in the dermis and on lymphocytes was strongest in ICD, although less pronounced than in the epidermis.ConclusionsBecause significantly elevated CD44 expression in ICD might be related to its function in maintaining and preserving the skin barrier in affected patients, further research on disease pathogenesis and new treatment options is needed.
Therapeutic effects of nebulized verapamil on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized and double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Bozorgmehr Rama , Edalatifard Maryam , Safavi Enayat , Rahimi Besharat , Ghorbani Fariba , Abtahi Hamidreza , Amini Shahideh , Pourdowlat Guitti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we assessed the clinical effect of inhaled verapamil on hospitalized COPD patients in a randomized and double‐blind study.MethodCOPD patients randomly received 10 mg of inhaled verapamil or 4 cc nebulized distilled water (DW) as placebo.ResultsTwenty patients enrolled in each group with no difference in baseline characteristics. Mean age was 64.95 ± 8.9 and 66.9 ± 10.74 years in verapamil and control group; respectively, (P > 0.05).The mean dyspnea score was 6.4 ± 1.2 and 6.2 ± 1.8 in the verapamil and control group, respectively and decreased to 4.9 ± 1.3 and 5.7 ± 1.8 after the intervention. The mean change in the verapamil group was significantly higher, (22.43% ± 10.6% vs 8.7% ± 12.1%), P = 0.00.Unlike the control group, the FEV1 value in the verapamil group significantly increased and reached to 1.17 ± 0.4 L from 1.03 ± 0.4. There was a significant decrease in airway resistance in both groups after intervention. However, neither total lung capacity and residual volume nor forced vital capacity changed significantly. Moreover, oxygen saturation in the verapamil group changed 4.8% ± 2.5% and this improvement in the control group was 1.8 ± 1 (P = 0.00). Smoker subjects, ones with PAP more than 35 mm Hg and obese patients benefit from verapamil.ConclusionThe beneficial impact of inhaled verapamil on the diminishing of dyspnea score along with its bronchodilatory effect would make this selective calcium blocker agent a therapeutic option in COPD.
The presence of underlying asthma should be investigated in patients diagnosed with ACE inhibitor induced cough
Authors: Yılmaz İnsu , Türk Murat , Baran Ketencioğlu Burcu , Çetinkaya Zeki , Tutar Nuri , Oymak Fatma Sema , Gülmez İnci , Adkinson Newton Franklin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhy do only some of patients who are prescribed angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I) develop cough? The pathogenesis of ACE‐I‐induced cough remains controversial and requires further studies.ObjectiveWe aim to investigate whether asthma is a contributing cause of ACE‐I‐induced cough.MethodsPatients attending a cardiology clinic between March 2016 and March 2017 who were diagnosed with ACE‐I induced cough were included in this study. ACE‐I‐induced cough was defined as cough which developed within 4 weeks after initiation of ACE‐I therapy and which improved within 4 weeks after discontinuation of the ACE‐I. Patients who had received ACE‐I treatment for at least 6 months without side effects were included in the study as a control group. Face‐to‐face questionnaires, pulmonary function tests (PFT) and skin prick tests were applied to all the patients. If there was discordance between asthma history and PFT results, a methacholine bronchial provocation test (BPT) was performed.ResultsA total of 43 patients with ACE‐I induce cough were compared with 50 controls. Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), rhinitis, atopy and family history of asthma were more frequent in patients with ACE‐I induced cough (P < .001). Patients with ACE‐I‐induced cough had significantly higher incidence of diagnosed asthma [OR = 8.28 (95%CI: 3.26‐21.03) P < .001].ConclusionsAsthma and an atopic background constitute a substantial risk factor for ACE‐I induced cough. The presence of underlying asthma should be investigated in patients diagnosed with ACE inhibitor induced cough. However, the fact that most asthma patients tolerate ACE‐I therapy, indicates that other cofactors are likely involved.
Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Jiang Zhilong , Shao Changzhou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic pulmonary disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus colony in the airways. Due to the diversity of disease manifestations and physicians’ incomplete knowledge of ABPA, patients with ABPA are often misdiagnosed and given poor prognosis.ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis status among patients with ABPA.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 75 patients diagnosed as ABPA in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between October 2008 and June 2018.ResultsAmong 75 patients, 28% had asthma as the predisposing condition and 69% suffered from misdiagnosis before ABPA diagnosis was made, among which 21% were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. About 34% of patients had eosinophil count below 500 cells/μL and 25% had total serum IgE level <1000 IU/mL. Nearly half of patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of ABPA and all the patients who overlapped with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) did not meet the diagnostic criteria of standard ABPA. Patients who did not fully meet the diagnostic criteria were more likely treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and antibiotics, but more difficult to attain response and remission and easier to develop advanced ABPA.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an unsatisfactory situation of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ABPA, including a high misdiagnosis rate, uncertainty in the diagnosis of ABPA, lack of standardization in treatment and relatively poor prognosis.
Diabetes in the UK: 2019
Authors: Whicher C. A. , O’Neill S. , Holt R. I. G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimDiabetes impairs the quality of life of people living with the condition and is a major public health concern. The aim of this paper is to create a state of the nation report of diabetes in the UK.MethodsDiabetes UK collates information about diabetes from diverse sources. This paper synthesizes these data to create a national report.ResultsSome 7% of the UK population are now living with diabetes; approximately one million people have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, 40 000 children have diabetes and more than 3000 children are diagnosed every year. Forty‐nine per cent of people with type 1 diabetes were offered structured education, but only 7.6% attended; the corresponding figures for type 2 diabetes were 90% and 10.4%, respectively. Among people with diabetes, 28% reported having issues obtaining medication or equipment for self‐management. Fifty‐seven per cent of people with type 1 diabetes and 42% with type 2 diabetes do not receive all eight annual health checks. Around 40% of people with diabetes have diminished psychological well‐being. One‐third of people have a microvascular complication at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is responsible for 530 myocardial infarctions and 175 amputations every week. The National Health Service spends at least £10 billion a year on diabetes, equivalent to 10% of its budget; 80% is spent treating complications. One in six hospital inpatients has diabetes.ConclusionDiabetes continues to place a significant burden on the individual with diabetes and wider UK society. This report will be updated annually to understand how diabetes is changing across the UK.
Changes in admission laboratory tests in patients with maxillofacial fractures and the influence of dento‐alveolar trauma
Authors: Rodrigues Lucimar , Leite‐de‐Lima Nayara Stefany , Landes Constantin , Luz João Gualberto C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThere are few studies in the literature evaluating possible alterations in laboratory tests in patients with maxillofacial fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in admission laboratory tests of patients with maxillofacial fractures with indications for surgical treatment, including the influence of dento‐alveolar trauma.Material and MethodsData from complete blood counts, blood coagulation tests, blood chemistries, and urinalysis results were obtained. The occurrence of concomitant dento‐alveolar trauma was noted. The medical records were also re‐evaluated later to verify the treatment outcome and the occurrence of complications. Statistical analyses were performed using the likelihood‐ratio test to verify significant changes in the evaluated parameters (P ≤ .050).ResultsThere was a prevalence of males (78%) with a mean age of 35.9 years. Lower erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and/or hematocrit were observed in males with associated fractures and with simultaneous dento‐alveolar fractures. Higher mean neutrophil, segmented neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were observed in patients with simultaneous dento‐alveolar trauma. A higher mean activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio was also observed. Lower potassium levels were observed for patients in the fourth decade of life. Higher leukocyte counts not associated with trauma were observed in the urinalysis results of females and in the group of patients aged 20 or younger. Verification of treatment outcome showed two cases of infections and two cases that needed re‐operation after mandible fractures. These four cases showed no significant changes in laboratory tests regarding the predisposition for complications.ConclusionPatients with maxillofacial fractures had neutrophilia, increased aPTT, and non‐traumatic leukocyturia. There was an influence of associated fractures and dento‐alveolar trauma on the decrease in red blood cell parameters, neutrophilia, and lymphocytosis and of age on hypokalemia.
Activation of parvalbumin‐expressing neurons reconfigures neuronal ensembles in murine striatal microcircuits
Authors: Duhne Mariana , Lara‐González Esther , Laville Antonio , Padilla‐Orozco Montserrat , Ávila‐Cascajares Fatima , Arias‐García Mario , Galarraga Elvira , Bargas José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe striatum is the largest entrance to the basal ganglia. Diverse neuron classes make up striatal microcircuit activity, consisting in the sequential activation of neuronal ensembles. How different neuron classes participate in generating ensemble sequences is unknown. In control mus musculus brain slices in vitro, providing excitatory drive generates ensemble sequences. In Parkinsonian microcircuits captured by a highly recurrent ensemble, a cortical stimulus causes a transitory reconfiguration of neuronal groups alleviating Parkinsonism. Alternation between neuronal ensembles needs interconnectivity, in part due to interneurons, preferentially innervated by incoming afferents. One main class of interneuron expresses parvalbumin (PV+ neurons) and mediates feed‐forward inhibition. However, its more global actions within the microcircuit are unknown. Using calcium imaging in ex vivo brain slices simultaneously recording dozens of neurons, we aimed to observe the actions of PV+ neurons within the striatal microcircuit. PV+ neurons in active microcircuits are 5%–11% of the active neurons even if, anatomically, they are <1% of the total neuronal population. In resting microcircuits, optogenetic activation of PV+ neurons turns on circuit activity by activating or disinhibiting, more neurons than those actually inhibited, showing that feed‐forward inhibition is not their only function. Optostimulation of PV+ neurons in active microcircuits inhibits and activates different neuron sets, resulting in the reconfiguration of neuronal ensembles by changing their functional connections and ensemble membership, showing that neurons may belong to different ensembles at different situations. Our results show that PV+ neurons participate in the mechanisms that generate alternation of neuronal ensembles, therefore provoking ensemble sequences.
Sex differences in the effect of maternal immune activation on cognitive and psychosis‐like behaviour in Long Evans rats
Authors: Gogos Andrea , Sbisa Alyssa , Witkamp Diede , van den Buuse Maarten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaternal immune activation during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of development of schizophrenia in later life. There are sex differences in schizophrenia, particularly in terms of age of onset, course of illness and severity of symptoms. However, there is limited and inconsistent literature on sex differences in the effects of maternal immune activation on behaviour with relevance to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate sex differences in the effects of maternal immune activation by treating Long Evans rats with poly(I:C) on gestational day 15. We compared adult male and female offspring on spatial working memory in the touchscreen trial‐unique nonmatching‐to‐location task, pairwise discrimination and reversal learning, as well as on prepulse inhibition and psychotropic drug‐induced locomotor hyperactivity. Male, but not female poly(I:C) offspring displayed a deficit in spatial working memory, particularly at the longer delay. Neither pairwise discrimination nor reversal learning showed an effect of poly(I:C), but female controls outperformed male controls in the reversal learning task. Significant reduction of prepulse inhibition and enhancement of acute methamphetamine‐induced locomotor hyperactivity was found similarly in male and female poly(I:C) offspring. These results show that maternal immune activation induces a range of behavioural effects in the offspring, with sex specificity in the effects of maternal immune activation on some aspects of cognition, but not psychosis‐like behaviour.