bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical challenges in multimodal treatment of N2-stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Nakagawa Kazuo , Suzuki Kenji , Takamochi Kazuya , Ito Hiroyuki , Okami Jiro , Aokage Keiju , Shiono Satoshi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Aoki Tadashi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Okada Morihito , Watanabe Shun-ichi ,   Lung Cancer Surgical Study Group (LCSSG) of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, especially mediastinal lymph node metastasis-positive stage IIIA-N2 cancer, is a heterogeneous disease state characterized by anatomically locally advanced disease with latent micrometastases. Thus, surgical resection or radiotherapy alone has historically failed to cure this disease. During the last three decades, persistent efforts have been made to develop a suitable treatment modality to overcome these problems using chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with surgical resection. However, the role of surgical resection remains unclear, and the standard treatment for stage IIIA-N2 disease is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In general, adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated for completely resected pathological stage IB disease or lymph node metastasis-positive pathological stage II or IIIA disease. Platinum-based doublet cytotoxic chemotherapy is currently the standard regimen. Additionally, post-operative radiotherapy might be indicated for post-operatively proven mediastinal lymph node metastasis; i.e. clinical N0–1 and pathological N2 disease. With the remarkable progression that has recently been made in the field of chemotherapy, such as advances in molecular targeting agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the basic policy of chemotherapy has been shifting to personalized treatment based on the individual patient’s oncogene driver mutation status, immune status and other parameters. The same trend is being seen in the treatment of stage IIIA-N2 disease. We should consider the past and upcoming results of several clinical trials to optimize the coming era of personalized treatment.
Eight New Species of Sucking Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) From Endemic Murine Rodents in Australia and an Updated Identification Key
Authors: Wang Wei , Durden Lance A , Weaver Haylee , Shao Renfu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on a comprehensive study of museum specimens, eight new species of sucking lice of the genus Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), are described from six genera of Australian Old Endemic rodents: Conilurus Ogilby, 1838 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leggadina Thomas, 1910 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leporillus Thomas, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Mesembriomys Palmer, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Pogonomys Milne-Edwards, 1877 (Rodentia: Muridae), and Xeromys Thomas, 1889 (Rodentia: Muridae). The description of these new species increases the number of sucking louse species from endemic Australian rodents from 13 to 21 and extends the records of sucking lice to all of the 14 genera of endemic rodents in Australia. Our results show that sucking lice are much more diverse among rodents in Australia than previously known. Furthermore, the Australian Hoplopleura species are host specific—each Hoplopleura species, including the eight new species described in the present study, parasitizes only a single host species, except Hoplopleura irritans Kuhn and Ludwig, 1967 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) and Hoplopleura melomydis Weaver, 2017 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), each of which is found on two host species. An updated dichotomous key for identifying Australian Hoplopleura species is included.
Organ-specific expression and epigenetic traits of genes encoding digestive enzymes in the lance-leaf sundew (Drosera adelae)
Authors: Arai Naoki , Ohno Yusuke , Jumyo Shinya , Hamaji Yusuke , Ohyama Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, extensive studies have been performed at the molecular level to understand the evolution of carnivorous plants. As fruits, the repertoire of protein components in the digestive fluids of several carnivorous plants have gradually become clear. However, the quantitative aspects of these proteins and the expression mechanisms of the genes that encode them are still poorly understood. In this study, using the Australian sundew Drosera adelae, we identified and quantified the digestive fluid proteins. We examined the expression and methylation status of the genes corresponding to major hydrolytic enzymes in various organs; these included thaumatin-like protein, S-like RNase, cysteine protease, class I chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase, and hevein-like protein. The genes encoding these proteins were exclusively expressed in the glandular tentacles. Furthermore, the promoters of the β-1, 3-glucanase and cysteine protease genes were demethylated only in the glandular tentacles, similar to the previously reported case of the S-like RNase gene da-I. This phenomenon correlated with high expression of the DNA demethylase DEMETER in the glandular tentacles, strongly suggesting that it performs glandular tentacle-specific demethylation of the genes. The current study strengthens and generalizes the relevance of epigenetics to trap organ-specific gene expression in D. adelae. We also suggest similarities between the trap organs of carnivorous plants and the roots of non-carnivorous plants.
A willow UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in salicinoid biosynthesis
Authors: Kulasekaran Satish , Cerezo-Medina Sergio , Harflett Claudia , Lomax Charlotte , de Jong Femke , Rendour Amelie , Ruvo Gianluca , Hanley Steven J , Beale Michael H , Ward Jane L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The salicinoids are phenolic glycosides that are characteristic secondary metabolites of the Salicaceae, particularly willows and poplars. Despite the well-known pharmacology of salicin, that led to the development of aspirin &gt;100 years ago, the biosynthetic pathways leading to salicinoids have yet to be defined. Here, we describe the identification, cloning, and biochemical characterization of SpUGT71L2 and SpUGT71L3—isozymic glycosyltransferases from Salix purpurea—that function in the glucosylation of ortho-substituted phenols. The best substrate in vitro was salicyl-7-benzoate. Its product, salicyl-7-benzoate glucoside, was shown to be endogenous in poplar and willow. Together they are inferred to be early intermediates in the biosynthesis of salicortin and related metabolites in planta. The role of this UDP-glycosyltransferase was confirmed via the metabolomic analysis of transgenic plants produced by RNAi knockdown of the poplar orthologue (UGT71L1) in the hybrid clone Populus tremula×P. alba, INRA 717-1B4.
Utility of Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Positioning of Total Hip Arthroplasty Components Using a Posterior and Direct Anterior Approach
Authors: Belyea Christopher M , Lansford Jefferson L , Yim Duke G 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Positioning of implant components for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is important for polyethylene liner wear, prosthesis joint stability, and range of motion. The introduction of fluoroscopy for the direct anterior approach has been shown to improve physician accuracy for component positioning. Few studies compare the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy for THA component positioning in posterior THA. The purpose of this project is to retrospectively evaluate the effect of intraoperative fluoroscopy on component positioning for THA using posterior and direct anterior approach (DAA).

Materials and Methods
A retrospective review of postoperative weight-bearing X-ray films of THAs was performed over a 2-year period where a single fellowship–trained total joint surgeon introduced direct anterior approach into his practice while expanding the intraoperative use of fluoroscopy for all THA procedures, regardless of approach. Component position was evaluated through radiographic measurement of acetabular cup inclination (goal of 40 degrees), limb length discrepancy (goal of 0 mm), and femoral component offset difference (goal of 0 mm). Radiographic analysis was performed by two independent providers. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-tests.

Results
A total of 107 patients with an average age of 62 years were identified during the 2-year period surrounding the THA practice change, adding fluoroscopy to posterior and DAA THA. Three cohorts were identified: cohort A: 44 patients who underwent posterior THAs without the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, cohort B: 35 patients who underwent direct anterior approach THAs with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and cohort C: 18 patients who underwent posterior THAs with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy. The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy for the posterior approach versus unguided posterior approach increased accuracy of both cup inclination (44 degrees vs 50 degrees, P &lt; .05) and femoral offset (4 mm vs 7 mm, P &lt; .05). A comparison of DAA with fluoroscopy versus posterior approach without fluoroscopy showed improvement in cup inclination (48 degrees vs 50 degrees, P &lt; .05). Fluoroscopy with posterior approach versus fluoroscopy with DAA was found to have improved cup inclination (44 degrees vs 48 degrees, P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Intraoperative use of fluoroscopy can improve component positioning for posterior THA.
dadi.CUDA: Accelerating Population Genetics Inference with Graphics Processing Units
Authors: Gutenkunst Ryan N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
dadi is a popular but computationally intensive program for inferring models of demographic history and natural selection from population genetic data. I show that running dadi on a Graphics Processing Unit can dramatically speed computation compared with the CPU implementation, with minimal user burden. Motivated by this speed increase, I also extended dadi to four- and five-population models. This functionality is available in dadi version 2.1.0, https://bitbucket.org/gutenkunstlab/dadi/.
The in vitro ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation extension assay as a tool in the assessment of relative genotoxic potential of e-liquids and their aerosols
Authors: Czekala Lukasz , Chapman Fiona , Simms Liam , Rudd Kathryn , Trelles Sticken Edgar , Wieczorek Roman , Bode Lisa Maria , Pani Jutta , Moelijker Nynke , Derr Remco , Brandsma Inger , Hendriks Giel , Stevenson Matthew , Walele Tanvir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In vitro (geno)toxicity assessment of electronic vapour products (EVPs), relative to conventional cigarette, currently uses assays, including the micronucleus and Ames tests. Whilst informative on induction of a finite endpoint and relative risk posed by test articles, such assays could benefit from mechanistic supplementation. The ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation analysis can indicate the activation of reporters associated with (geno)toxicity, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, the p53-related stress response and protein damage. Here, we tested for the different effects of a selection of neat e-liquids, EVP aerosols and Kentucky reference 1R6F cigarette smoke samples in the ToxTracker assay. The assay was initially validated to assess whether a mixture of e-liquid base components, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG) had interfering effects within the system. This was achieved by spiking three positive controls into the system with neat PG/VG or phosphate-buffered saline bubbled (bPBS) PG/VG aerosol (nicotine and flavour free). PG/VG did not greatly affect responses induced by the compounds. Next, when compared to cigarette smoke samples, neat e-liquids and bPBS aerosols (tobacco flavour; 1.6% freebase nicotine, 1.6% nicotine salt or 0% nicotine) exhibited reduced and less complex responses. Tested up to a 10% concentration, EVP aerosol bPBS did not induce any ToxTracker reporters. Neat e-liquids, tested up to 1%, induced oxidative stress reporters, thought to be due to their effects on osmolarity in vitro. E-liquid nicotine content did not affect responses induced. Additionally, spiking nicotine alone only induced an oxidative stress response at a supraphysiological level. In conclusion, the ToxTracker assay is a quick, informative screen for genotoxic potential and mechanisms of a variety of (compositionally complex) samples, derived from cigarettes and EVPs. This assay has the potential for future application in the assessment battery for next-generation (smoking alternative) products, including EVPs.
Characterization of the first tetrameric transcription factor of the GntR superfamily with allosteric regulation from the bacterial pathogenAgrobacterium fabrum
Authors: Vigouroux Armelle , Meyer Thibault , Naretto Anaïs , Legrand Pierre , Aumont-Nicaise Magali , Di Cicco Aurélie , Renoud Sébastien , Doré Jeanne , Lévy Daniel , Vial Ludovic , Lavire Céline , Moréra Solange 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA species-specific region, denoted SpG8-1b allowing hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) degradation is important for the transition between the two lifestyles (rhizospheric versus pathogenic) of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum. Indeed, HCAs can be either used as trophic resources and/or as induced-virulence molecules. The SpG8-1b region is regulated by two transcriptional regulators, namely, HcaR (Atu1422) and Atu1419. In contrast to HcaR, Atu1419 remains so far uncharacterized. The high-resolution crystal structures of two fortuitous citrate complexes, two DNA complexes and the apoform revealed that the tetrameric Atu1419 transcriptional regulator belongs to the VanR group of Pfam PF07729 subfamily of the large GntR superfamily. Until now, GntR regulators were described as dimers. Here, we showed that Atu1419 represses three genes of the HCAs catabolic pathway. We characterized both the effector and DNA binding sites and identified key nucleotides in the target palindrome. From promoter activity measurement using defective gene mutants, structural analysis and gel-shift assays, we propose N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate as the effector molecule, which is not a direct product/substrate of the HCA degradation pathway. The Zn2+ ion present in the effector domain has both a structural and regulatory role. Overall, our work shed light on the allosteric mechanism of transcription employed by this GntR repressor.
Unusual presentation of pulmonary blastomycosis complicated by amphotericin-induced refractory electrolyte abnormalities
Authors: Tobar Pool , Sanchez-Nadales Alejandro , Caldeira Elena , Saad Peguy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Blastomyces dermatitidis is an endemic mold infection commonly seen in the midwestern of the USA and rarely affects pregnant women. The most common presentation is a pulmonary infection with variable degrees of severity. Of note, the clinical and radiographic findings of pulmonary blastomycosis can be mistaken for other pulmonary pathologies, thus earning the title of ‘the great pretender’. The treatment of choice of infected pregnant patients is amphotericin B, which is known to produce electrolyte imbalances. However, it infrequently causes severe, prolonged and profound hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. We present the case of a 27-year-old pregnant patient with pulmonary blastomycosis presenting with a lung mass suspicious of malignancy and treated with amphotericin B with subsequent prolonged refractory hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
Keywords
pulmonary blastomycosis
pregnancy
biopsy
computed tomography angiography
liposomal amphotericin B
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a premature baby: rare case report
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Bijow Fareeda Wasfy , Dayoub Adnan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is chronic arthritis in children and adolescents. It is clinically diagnosed, which includes children under the age of 16 with arthritis for at least six weeks. Cases younger than six months of age are extremely rare. Here we report a rare case in the literature about Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a premature baby, presenting at 21 days of age. The diagnosis was made according to clinical symptoms, laboratory analyses and duration of disease.
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma—leg type in a young adult with HIV: a case report
Authors: Contreras-Chavez Pamela , Sanchez-Nadales Alejandro , Babets Igor , Sajjad-Hassan Romesa , Lansigan Frederick 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a very rare entity. Skin lesions mainly occur on the lower extremities. Sheets of immunoblasts and centroblasts are characteristic findings at histologic examination. This case report highlights diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for primary cutaneous B-Cell lymphoma-leg type.
Decision Responsiveness and the Legitimacy of Public Agencies
Authors: Seyd Ben , Cichocka Aleksandra , Panayiotou Orestis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe procedural qualities of decisions made by public agencies are known to shape citizens’ perceptions of decision legitimacy. Existing empirical studies focus on procedures such as whether citizens are consulted, and whether their preferences are taken into account. Less is known about whether decisions made by public agencies are deemed legitimate if they reflect citizens’ broad interests rather than their immediate preferences. Yet, many contemporary issues confront policy-makers with dilemmas of whether to respond to citizens’ demands or instead to act on their interests. Using an experimental approach among a sample of British citizens, we analyse the effects on perceived legitimacy of various aspects of decision responsiveness. We focus in particular on whether public agencies are rewarded if they ignore citizens’ preferences while showing they are acting in their broader interests. Our results show that perceived legitimacy is indeed higher when decisions are seen to reflect citizens’ collective interests. But this boost disappears if individuals disapprove of the agency’s decision. We conclude that acting in citizens’ broad interests is unlikely to stimulate legitimacy among individuals who do not favour a decision’s outcome.
Neutron lifetime measurement with pulsed cold neutrons
Authors: Hirota K , Ichikawa G , Ieki S , Ino T , Iwashita Y , Kitaguchi M , Kitahara R , Koga J , Mishima K , Mogi T , Morikawa K , Morishita A , Nagakura N , Oide H , Okabe H , Otono H , Seki Y , Sekiba D , Shima T , Shimizu H M , Sumi N , Sumino H , Tomita T , Uehara H , Yamada T , Yamashita S , Yano K , Yokohashi M , Yoshioka T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The neutron lifetime has been measured by comparing the decay rate with the reaction rate of $^3$He nuclei of a pulsed neutron beam from the spallation neutron source at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The decay rate and the reaction rate were determined by simultaneously detecting electrons from the neutron decay and protons from the $^3$He(n,p)$^3$H reaction using a gas chamber, the working gas of which contains diluted $^3$He. The measured neutron lifetime was $898\,\pm\,10\,_{\rm stat}\,^{+15}_{-18}\,_{\rm sys}\,$s.
How Valuable Is Financial Flexibility when Revenue Stops? Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Fahlenbrach Rüdiger , Rageth Kevin , Stulz René M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFirms with greater financial flexibility should be better able to fund a revenue shortfall resulting from the COVID-19 shock and benefit less from policy responses. We find that firms with high financial flexibility within an industry experience a stock price drop that is 26$\%$, or 9.7 percentage points, lower than those with low financial flexibility. This differential return persists as stock prices rebound. Firms more exposed to the COVID-19 shock benefit more from cash holdings. No evidence suggests that recent payouts worsened the average firm’s drop in stock price. Our results cannot be explained by a leverage effect.
The aetiopathogenic significance, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications of vasculopathy in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Pauling John D , Christopher-Stine Lisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is 120 years since ‘angiomyositis’ was included alongside ‘polymyositis’ and ‘dermatomyositis’ in an attempt to propose a taxonomy that reflected the major clinical characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Endothelial injury, perivascular inflammation and capillary loss are important histological findings in affected tissues in IIM. Overt vascular clinical features including RP and abnormal nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) are also common in IIM. Despite the presence of endothelial injury, perivascular inflammation and capillary loss in affected tissues in IIM, and the presence of clinical features such as RP and NC abnormalities, the pathogenic and therapeutic implications of vasculopathy in IIM have been somewhat overlooked. RP and NC abnormalities are not always present, providing a valuable opportunity to explore aetiopathogenic factors driving vasculopathy within autoimmune rheumatic disease. The present review examines the aetiopathogenic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of vasculopathy in IIM. We describe the prevalence and clinical relevance of vasculopathy in IIM, and consider how vasculopathy may be better utilized to support improved IIM diagnosis and disease classification. Areas of unmet research need are highlighted where relevant.
Phase III trials of JAK1 selective inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mysler Eduardo , Lizarraga Ana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Upadacitinib and filgotinib, two JAK1 selective drugs have undergone extensive phase III clinical trials in RA and have demonstrated rapid improvements in disease activity, function and patient reported outcomes. Six global phase III randomized controlled clinical trials (SELECT phase III program) evaluated the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib and four clinical phase III trials (the FINCH program) evaluated the efficacy and safety of filgotinib. This article is a critical review of all these studies with focus on the therapeutic efficacy in RA. The aim is to display the data that could allow the approval of these new drugs for the treatment of RA (upadacitinib has been already approved in most of the markets around the world).