bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Guidelines for Intracameral Injection
Authors: Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Barton Keith , Weinreb Robert N. , Eichenbaum David A. , Gupta Preeya K. , McCabe Cathleen M. , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Ahmed Iqbal , Sheybani Arsham , Craven E. Randy 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To review evidence and provide guidelines on intracameral (ICM) injection techniques and monitoring.

Materials and Methods:
A review of published literature on ICM injection and intravitreal injections formed the basis for roundtable deliberations by an expert panel of ophthalmologists.

Results:
ICM injection as a way to deliver medications is growing in popularity. However, there is limited published literature and no standard approach to best practices for ICM injections, particularly when not accompanying another surgical procedure. Fortunately, there is long clinical experience with ICM manipulation and a large body of evidence surrounding intravitreal injections that has provided important guidance. The expert panel formulates several concrete guidelines and many suggested techniques to help physicians safely and effectively employ ICM injections.

Conclusions:
This committee addressed the many considerations surrounding ICM injection of drugs or implants and agree that it is a safe and effective surgical procedure when performed with appropriate training and according to established safe practices.
Morphologic Analysis of Peripapillary Retinal Arteriole Using Adaptive Optics in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Hugo Juliette , Chavane Frédéric , Beylerian Marie , Callet Marie , Denis Danièle , Matonti Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to better understand the role of vascular risk factors in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a detailed analysis of retinal arterial wall thickness is needed. The purpose of the present study was to make a morphologic analysis of peripapillary arteriole in POAG using adaptive optics (AO) technology.Patients and Methods:We included otherwise healthy subjects with an isolated confirmed diagnosis of bilateral POAG. Patients’ clinical characteristics were noted. AO imaging followed by a complete ophthalmic examination was performed. A single operator masked to clinical data performed 5 measurements at different locations of each analyzed vessel. For each location, lumen diameter and wall thickness were measured. Total diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), and whole cross-sectional area were calculated.Results:Lumen diameter and total diameter were significantly lower in the glaucoma group (n=31) than in the control group (n=29): [median (interquartile ranges)] 88.3 (82.6-99.2) versus 102.3 (87-113.1) (P=0.03) and 121.1 (109.3-130.5) versus 134.4 (112.7-144.4), respectively (P=0.015). Wall thickness, WLR, and whole cross-sectional area were not significantly different. Apart from a significantly higher WLR in subjects with reported high cholesterol levels, we did not observe any correlation between patients’ clinical characteristics and any of the parameters.Conclusions:We observed in POAG a narrowing of the arteriolar lumen without modification of the vessel wall thickness. To date, it is the first time that these data are obtained using AO. This suggests that the vascular risk factor in POAG only reduces the vascular caliber without inducing any patent atherosclerosis of the retinal arterial wall.
Comparison of the intermediate distance of a trifocal IOL with an extended depth-of-focus IOL: results of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Webers Valentijn S.C. , Bauer Noel J.C. , Saelens Isabelle E.Y. , Creten Onne J.M. , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , van den Biggelaar Frank J.H.M. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To compare visual outcomes, reading ability, and visual quality between the Symfony extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens (IOL) and the trifocal AT LISA tri 839MP IOL.

Setting:
University Eye Clinic Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods:
Patients were randomly assigned to bilateral Symfony IOL or AT LISA tri 839MP IOL implantation. The primary outcome measure was uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA measured at 66 cm). Secondary outcomes included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), reading ability, and comparison of defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, optical adverse effects, and quality of vision.

Results:
The study enrolled 60 eyes of 30 patients. The mean UIVA was −0.02 ± 0.03 (SD) vs 0.01 ± 0.03 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) in the Symfony and AT LISA tri 839MP groups, respectively (P = .047). The UDVA was 0.01 ± 0.12 and −0.05 ± 0.07 logMAR (P = .11) and the UNVA was 0.09 ± 0.05 and 0.04 ± 0.07 logMAR (P = .052) in the Symfony and AT LISA tri 839MP groups, respectively. Reading ability was similar in both groups at 40 cm and 66 cm (P = .87 and P = .14, respectively). Less than 10% of patients in both groups experienced disabling glare. Patients experienced disabling halos in the AT LISA tri 839 MP group compared to the Symfony group in 39% and 21% of cases, respectively (P = .12). The mean score for visual functioning was 88.0 ± 14.1 n the trifocal group and 88.2 ± 10.9 for the EDOF group (P = .96).

Conclusions:
The UIVA was better in the Symfony group than in the AT LISA tri 839MP group. No significant differences were seen in the binocular UNVA and UDVA, contrast sensitivity, reading ability, incidence of photopic phenomena, and patient satisfaction.
Optimization of implantable collamer lens sizing based on swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Nakamura Tomoaki , Isogai Naoki , Kojima Takashi , Yoshida Yoko , Sugiyama Yasuo 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To optimize the implantable collamer lens (ICL) sizing method using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Setting:
Nagoya Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.

Design:
Interventional case series.

Methods:
A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using the optimal ICL size as a dependent variable and preoperative AS-OCT parameters as explanatory variables for 81 eyes of 41 patients, and the NK-formula version 2 (NK-formula V2) was obtained. Thereafter, 68 eyes of 42 patients were implanted with the ICLs selected as closest to the optimal ICL size calculated by the NK-formula V2. At 3 months postoperatively, the achieved vault was measured by AS-OCT to evaluate the optimization of the sizing method.

Results:
The anterior chamber width (ACW) and crystalline lens rise were selected as significant parameters for the regression model (R
2 = 0.61, P < .001), as with the previous NK-formula. Of the 68 eyes, 36 patients/62 eyes (91.2%), 5 patients/5 eyes (7.3%), and 1 patient/1 eye (1.5%) were in the moderate, high, and low vault categories, respectively. In the 68 eyes, the vault showed no correlation with the optimal ICL size (R = 0.0185, P = .269), whereas the vault showed a negative correlation with the optimal ICL size in both the 12.6 mm ICL subgroup (R = −0.409, P = .0088) and the 13.2 mm ICL subgroup (R = −0.818, P = .0013).

Conclusions:
This optimization approach showed excellent ability to select an appropriate ICL to be implanted regardless of the value of other ocular parameters and age, except ACW.
Trans-scleral plugs fixated IOL: a new paradigm for sutureless scleral fixation
Authors: Barca Francesco , Caporossi Tomaso , de Angelis Lorenzo , Giansanti Fabrizio , Savastano Alfonso , Di Leo Laura , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To assess the surgical and refractive outcomes of a new technique of sutureless scleral fixation (SSF) using a single-piece foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (Carlevale).

Setting:
Department of Translational Surgery and Medicine, Ophthalmology, University of Florence, Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Design:
Prospective observational case series.

Methods:
Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with aphakia, dislocated IOL, or subluxated lens who underwent SSF with a novel single-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL were studied. Preoperative and postoperative refractive status and complications during and after surgery were recorded. The IOL tilt was evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Results:
Twenty-two eyes were IOL/bag luxations, 9 were aphakia, and 3 were subluxated crystalline lens. Mean preoperative corrected distance visual acuity was 0.46 ± 0.29 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and improved to 0.13 ± 0.12 logMAR (P < .05) at the 8-month follow-up, with a predictive error spherical equivalent of −0.24 ± 0.81 diopters (D); the IOL tilt was 2.08 ± 1.19 degrees. One patient (3.1%) experienced transient cystoid macular edema, and 1 (3.1%) experienced vitreous hemorrhage; pigment dispersion with AS-OCT findings of reverse pupillary block was found in 2 (6.2%) eyes. IOL dislocation, conjunctival erosion, and plug externalization were not observed in any eye during the follow-up.

Conclusions:
SSF using the novel IOL could be a viable option for the management of aphakia, lens subluxation, and IOL–bag complex dislocation with unique characteristics of stability. The advantages of this technique were the absence of haptic manipulation, self-centration, and firm fixation of the IOL.
Receipt of multiple outpatient opioid prescriptions is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in youth: opioid prescribing trends, individual characteristics, and outcomes from 2005 to 2016
Authors: Pielech Melissa , Kruger Eric , Rivers William Evan , Snow Harry E. , Vowles Kevin E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Data on all outpatient opioid prescriptions (N = 71,647) to youth below age 21 (N = 42,020) from 2005 to 2016 were extracted from electronic medical records within a university hospital system in New Mexico (NM) as were demographic details and markers of morbidity/mortality. Relative risk was calculated for markers of morbidity/mortality based on sociodemographic characteristics. The sample was primarily male (55.0%), Hispanic/Latinx (50.1%), English-speaking (88.9%), and publicly insured (50.1%). Mean age was 13.54 (SD = 6.50). From 2005 to 2016, overall frequency of opioid prescriptions increased by 86.6% (from 2470 to 4610) with the largest increase (206.2%) observed from 2005 to 2008 (2470-7562). Patients who were older, white, and non-Hispanic were more likely to receive multiple opioid prescriptions. Large relative increases in morbidity and mortality were documented, although base rates remained low. The percentage of individuals within the sample who experienced an overdose increased steadily from 0 in 2005 to 1.09% in 2016. Incidence of mortality increased from 0.12% of the sample to 1.39% in 2016. The proportion of individuals who received a medication for the treatment of opioid dependence increased from 0.06% in 2005 to 0.44% in 2016. Significantly increased risk of adverse outcomes was observed in patients receiving multiple opioid prescriptions, and in patients who were older, of minority race, received their first prescription in an outpatient clinic, and publicly insured or uninsured. Results add to the growing literature concerning opioid prescription rates over time. They also provide important information on potential additive risks of adverse outcomes when pediatric patients receive multiple opioid prescriptions.
Vertical Integration Into Skilled Nursing Facilities and Hospital Readmission Rates
Authors: Hogan Tory H. , Lemak Christy Harris , Hearld Larry R. , Wheeler Jack , Sen Bisakha (Pia) , Menachemi Nir 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Following the Affordable Care Act (ACA), more hospitals vertically integrated into skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Hospitals are now being penalized for avoidable readmissions, creating a greater demand for better coordination of care between hospitals and SNF. We created a longitudinal panel data set by merging data from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey, CMS' Hospital Compare, and the Rural Urban Commuting Area data. Hospital and year fixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between hospital vertical integration into SNF and 30-day pneumonia and heart failure (HF) readmission rates between 2008 and 2011. Our primary analyses modeled the impact of hospital vertical integration into SNF on 30-day readmissions for both pneumonia and HF using hospital and year fixed effects. Our secondary analyses examined whether hospital vertical integration into SNF was associated with a change in readmissions rates among different types of hospitals. Our results indicate that hospitals that vertically integrated into SNF were associated with a reduction in hospital 30-day pneumonia readmission rates (β = −0.233, p = .039). Vertical integration into SNF was not significantly associated with 30-day HF readmissions. Our secondary analyses found variation in the impact of vertical integration on readmission rates among different hospital organizational types.
Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive Management of Low Back Disorders
Authors: Hegmann Kurt T. , Travis Russell , Andersson Gunnar B.J. , Belcourt Roger M. , Carragee Eugene J. , Donelson Ronald , Eskay-Auerbach Marjorie , Galper Jill , Goertz Michael , Haldeman Scott , Hooper Paul D. , Lessenger James E. , Mayer Tom , Mueller Kathryn L. , Murphy Donald R. , Tellin William G. , Thiese Matthew S. , Weiss Michael S. , Harris Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
This abbreviated version of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine's (ACOEM) Low Back Disorders Guideline reviews the evidence and recommendations developed for non-invasive and minimally invasive management of low back disorders.

Methods:
Systematic literature reviews were accomplished with article abstraction, critiquing, grading, evidence table compilation, and guideline finalization by a multidisciplinary expert panel and extensive peer-review to develop evidence-based guidance. Consensus recommendations were formulated when evidence was lacking. A total of 70 high-quality and 564 moderate-quality trials were identified for non-invasive low back disorders. Detailed algorithms were developed.

Results:
Guidance has been developed for the management of acute, subacute, and chronic low back disorders and rehabilitation. This includes 121 specific recommendations.

Conclusion:
Quality evidence should guide treatment for all phases of managing low back disorders.
The Pre-Registry Commercial Driver Medical Examination
Authors: Burks Stephen Vincent , Anderson Jon Eugene , Panda Bibhudutta , Haider Humza Syed , Haider Rebecca , Shi Dongnan , Li Yutao , Cagle Michael , Ostroushko Denis , Sun Zhining , Zaharick John , Hickman Jeffrey , Mabry Erin , Berger Mark , Czeisler Charles , Kales Stefanos Nikolaos 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Use independent diagnostic data to analyze the screening effectiveness of the pre-Registry commercial driver medical examination (CDME) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and its sensitivity for hypertension; analyze certification lengths where relevant.

Methods:
CDME screening results for 1668 drivers were compared to polysomnogram diagnostic test results, and CDME screening results were evaluated for 1155 drivers with at least one insurance claim with a hypertension diagnostic code. Any CDME documentation of the medical condition was considered as detection by screening.

Results:
CDME sensitivity was 20.7% for moderate OSA (AHI ≥ 15). While sensitivity was 77.5% for hypertension, 93.3% of drivers with Stage 3 hypertension were certified, contrary to Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration standards.

Conclusions:
The pre-Registry CDME was ineffective in screening commercial drivers for OSA. Screening was better for hypertension; incorrect certifications were given to many hypertensive drivers.
The Interaction Between Pain Intensity and Pain Self-Efficacy in Work Functioning Impairment
Authors: Mine Yuko , Fujino Yoshihisa , Matsuda Shinya 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To examine the pain intensity and pain self-efficacy interaction in workers’ work functioning impairment.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a self-reporting survey. Of 6657 Japanese construction company employees, 5129 (77.0%) valid responses were analyzed for work functioning impairment. Further analysis using current pain intensity and pain self-efficacy was performed on 1622 employees who experienced physical pain in the past 12 months.

Results:
Pain intensity showed a dose–response relationship with work functioning impairment. Further analysis showed an interaction between pain intensity and pain self-efficacy for work functioning impairment. Stratification by pain self-efficacy showed that high pain self-efficacy was not associated with an increase in work functioning impairment, even in those with severe pain (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.69 to 4.68).

Conclusions:
Pain self-efficacy may be a key determinant for work functioning impairment in workers with pain.
Letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovulation induction in clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Shi Shaoquan , Hong Ting , Jiang Fangfang , Zhuang Yuan , Chen Le , Huang Xiaoling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the effects of letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomiphene citrate (CC).

Methods:
A total of 96 clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients infertility were randomly divided into an LE group, and HMG group (n = 48). LE group orally received letrozole at 5.0 mg/d−1 on the 3rd–5th days of menstrual cycle for 5 consecutive days, and 75 U/d−1 HMG was given through intramuscular injection for 5 days starting from the third day of menstrual cycle in HMG group. Number of growing and mature follicles, serum E2 (pg/mL), serum P (ng/mL), endometrial thickness, occurrence of pregnancy and miscarriage were observed.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the number of ovulation cycles between the 2 groups (53.6% vs 64.7%, P > .05). The number of mature follicular cycles in the HMG group was higher than that of the letrozole group (P < .01). There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate (22.9% vs 27.1%, P > .05) and abortion rate (6.2% vs 10.4%, P > .05). There was no significant difference in the endometrial thickness between the 2 groups on the day of HCG injection [(9.1 ± 0.2) mm vs (10.7 ± 1.6) mm, P > .05]; the serum estradiol (E2) was lower in the letrozole group. The incidence of ovarian cysts was lower than that of HMG group (P < .05). There was2 ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the letrozole group; the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the HMG group was 12.5%.

Conclusion:
Letrozole-induced ovulation can obtain ovulation rate and pregnancy rate similar to gonadotropin, but reduce the risk associated with treatment. It can be used as an effective ovulation option for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are resistant to clomiphene.
Clinical manifestations and risk factors of adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Guangzhou, China during the 2011–2014 period
Authors: Wu Pei-Qiong , Zeng Sen-Qiang , Yin Gen-Quan , Huang Jian-Jun , Xie Zhi-Wei , Lu Gen , Jiang Wen-Hui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To evaluate epidemiology and risk factors of severe adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Guangzhou, China.
A retrospective review study was conducted, and 542 children hospitalized for adenovirus respiratory infection, were included from January 2011 to December 2014. Patients were younger than 14 years. Disease severity was classified into severe and mild. Laboratory tests and clinical characteristics were analyzed for risk factors of adenovirus respiratory infection by multivariable logistic regression.
Among these 542 children, 92.1% were aged < 6 years. Clinical diagnoses were upper respiratory infections in 11.6%, bronchiolitis in 16%, and mild pneumonia in 62.0% of children. Severe pneumonia rate was 10.3% (56/542) with a mortality rate of 0.9% (5/542). The cohort comprised 542 patients; 486 patients with mild adenovirus respiratory infection and 56 patients with severe adenovirus respiratory infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to confirm associations between variables and adenovirus respiratory infection, after age and gender adjustment. Hospital stay, still significantly associated with adenovirus respiratory infection. Patients with longer hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.28, P < .001), lower LYMPH (OR = 0.73 95% CI: 0.55–0.99, P = .039), and increased LDH (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001–1.003, P =  .001) had a higher risk of severe adenovirus respiratory infection.
Adenovirus is a major pathogen in hospitalized children with respiratory infection. High serum LDH level and low lymphocyte count could be used as predictors of adenovirus respiratory infection severity in children.
Preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio is a superior prognostic biomarker to other systemic inflammatory response markers in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Qing , Diao Peng , Li Chang-Lin , Peng Qian , Xie Tianpeng , Tan Yan , Lang Jin-Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response markers are associated with poor survival in many types of malignances. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
We retrospectively evaluated 254 NSCLC patients who underwent radical surgery between January 2012 and April 2014 in the Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital. The cut-off values of NLR, PLR, LMR, and CRP were determined according to the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the correlation of NLR, PLR, LMR, and CRP with prognosis was analyzed based on the cut-off value.
The cut-off value for NLR, PLR, LMR, and CRP were 3.18, 122, 4.04, and 8.8, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = .022), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < .001), T stage (P = .001), and N stage (P < .001) were significantly correlated with disease-free survival (DFS), while age (P = .011), TNM stage (P
< .001), T stage (P = .008), N stage (P < .001), and PLR (P = .001) were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.087–2.252, P = .016) and TNM stage (HR: 1.704, 95% CI: 1.061–2.735, P = .027) remained independent risk factors affecting DFS, while age (HR: 1.721, 95% CI: 1.153–2.567, P = .008), TNM stage (HR: 2.198, 95% CI: 1.263–3.824, P = .005), and PLR (HR: 1.850, 95% CI: 1.246–2.746, P = .002) were independent risk factors affecting OS.
The preoperative PLR is superior to NLR, LMR, and CRP as a biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of patients undergoing curative surgery for NSCLC.