bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and correlates of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active Ugandan female youths: evidence from three demographic and health surveys, 2006-2016
Authors: Masanja Veronicah , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Mugambe Richard K , Hal Guido Van 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Female adolescents and young women have the highest risk of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. Data on the prevalence of STIs among young women in Uganda are limited. In this study, we investigated the time trends and correlates of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) in Uganda. Methods: We estimated the percentage of women 15-24 years from three recent consecutive Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011, and 2016), who reported acquiring an STI within 12 months of the studies and examined the changes over time. A pooled multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of reporting an STI in the last 12 months preceding the study. Svyset command in Stata was used to cater for the survey sample design.Results: The pooled self-reported STI prevalence was 26.0%. Among these young women, 22.0%, 36.3%, and 23.1% reported a sexually transmitted infection in 2006, 2011, and 2016 respectively. Between 2006 and 2011, there was evidence of change (+14.3%, p < 0.001) in STI prevalence before a significant reduction (-12.0%, p<0.001). Youths aged 20-24 years reported a higher STI prevalence (27.3%) compared to young participants (23.6%). Correlates of reporting an STI among rural and urban young women were: having multiple total lifetime partners (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), being sexually active in the last 4 weeks (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and being affiliated to Muslim faith (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) or other religions (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) as compared to Christian were more likely to report an STI. Living in Northern Uganda compared to living in Kampala city was found protective against STIs (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7).Conclusion: The prevalence of STIs was high among female youths, 15-24 years. This highlights the need for a comprehensive STIs screening, surveillance, and treatment programme to potentially reduce the burden of STIs in the country.
Research on intelligent medical big data system based on Hadoop and blockchain
Authors: Zhang Xiangfeng , Wang Yanmei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the intelligence of the medical system, this paper designs and implements a secure medical big data ecosystem on top of the Hadoop big data platform. It is designed against the background of the increasingly serious trend of the current security medical big data ecosystem. In order to improve the efficiency of traditional medical rehabilitation activities and enable patients to maximize their understanding of their treatment status, this paper designs a personalized health information system that allows patient users to understand their treatment and rehabilitation status anytime and anywhere, and all medical health data Distributed in different independent medical institutions to ensure that these data are stored independently. As a distributed accounting technology for multi-party maintenance and backup information security, blockchain is a good breakthrough point for innovation in medical data sharing. In this paper, the system realizes the personal health data centre on the Hadoop big data platform, and the original distributed data is stored and analysed centrally through the data synchronization module and the independent data acquisition system. Utilizing the advantages of the Hadoop big data platform, the personalized health information system for stroke has designed to provide personalized health management services for patients and facilitate the management of patients by medical staff.
Controlled fracture of medial wall versus structural autograft with bulk femoral head to increase cup coverage by host bone for total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mou Ping , Liao Kai , Chen Hui-Lin , Yang Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Many methods have been proposed to increase cup coverage by host bone during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in hip osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). However, there was no study comparing results of controlled fracture of medial wall with structural autograft with bulk femoral head. Methods: 67 hips classified as Crowe II/III were retrospectively included in this cohort study, which consisted of 33 controlled fracture (group A) and 34 structural autograft (group B). The Harris Hip Scores (HHS) was recorded. The radiological assessments were analyzed. Also, complications are assessed. The paired sample t test was used for data analysis before and after operation, while independent sample T test was used for the comparison between the two groups. The Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to analyze the qualitative comparative parameters. Kaplan-Meier was utilized in the analysis of survivorship with the end points as a revision for any component.Results: All patients were reconstructed acetabulum at anatomical location. HHS increased greatly for both groups (P=0.18). No statistic difference was observed for two groups in postoperative leg-length discrepancy ((0.51±0.29) cm for group A and (0.46±0.39) cm for group B, P=0.64 ), postoperative height of hip center ((2.25±0.42) cm for group A and (2.09±0.31) cm for group B, P=0.13), inclination of cup ((39±4)°for group A and (38±3)°for group B, P=0.65 ). The rate of cup coverage for group B ((94±2)% ) was better than group A ((91±5)%), ( P=.009). Rate of cup protrusio was (48±4)% for group A. For both groups, No statistic difference was observed in cup diameter (P＞.05), while group A showed less operation time than group B (P＜.001). No complications were observed at the latest follow-up. Conclusion: Controlled fracture of medial wall to increase cup coverage by host bone at anatomical location can act as an alternative technique for DDH Crowe II/III with advantage of shorter operation time and less technically demanding.
Under fire –simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack
Authors: Clancy Mary V. , Haberer Georg , Jud Werner , Niederbacher Bishu , Niederbacher Simon , Senft Matthias , Zytynska Sharon , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species.ResultsUsing a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes.ConclusionsWe were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.
Early visual quality outcomes after small-incision lenticule extraction surgery for correcting high myopic astigmatism
Authors: Hou Xiangtao , Wen Dan , Du Kaixuan , Hu Shengfa , Hu Tu , Li Chenling , Tang Yanhui , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate early optical quality outcomes after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery for correcting high myopic astigmatism.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 55 eyes from 37 patients who had preoperative myopic astigmatism of ≥2.00 diopters (D) who had been treated with SMILE surgery. Preoperatively, the mean cylinder was -2.41 ± 0.54 D (range, -2.00 D to -4.50 D). The preoperative and postoperative visual outcomes, refraction, and higher-order aberration (HOA) at 1 and 3 months were compared. Refractive astigmatism changes were analyzed by the Alpins vector method.Results: Three months after SMILE surgery, the average cylinder was -0.14 ± 0.31 D, and the average astigmatism vector was -0.09 D × 6.34°. The angle of error (AofE) was limited to within ±10°, and the magnitude of error was limited to within ±1.0 D in all patients. The correction index (CI) was 0.98 ± 0.07, the index of success (IOS) was 0.08 ± 0.13, and the flattening index (FI) was 0.97 ± 0.07. Significant positive correlations were found between IOS and |AofE| (P = 0.000); negative correlations were found between FI and |AofE| (P = 0.000). The postoperative total HOA, spherical aberration, vertical coma aberration, and trefoil 30° were increased significantly compared with preoperative measurements, and the increase in HOA was closely related to preoperative astigmatism (P < 0.05).Conclusions: SMILE has preferable outcomes for correcting high myopic astigmatism. Axis rotation during the surgery might influence the undercorrection of astigmatism. The increase of HOA after surgery is related to preoperative astigmatism.
Why Market Orientation Matters for Agriculture and Fishery Workers? Unravelling the Association between Households’ Occupational Background and Caloric Deprivation in India.
Authors: Kumar Smita , Rajpal Sunil , Lu Shiau-Yun , Joe William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Developmental policies in low- and middle-income countries poses immense potential within the agriculture sectors to escalate economic growth and development. As almost one-half of the workforces continue to be engaged in agriculture and allied activities with a lower economic contribution, realizing such potential however requires tremendous scaling up of skill development activities in the sector. Investing in skill development of workers engaged in agricultural and allied activities can potentially display notable value additions, income generation and therefore reductions in widespread deprivations in the form of food insecurity and undernutrition. Further with the direct link between nutrition and productivity, economic gains, it is further imperative to impart market exposure among subsistence and unskilled workers. This study therefore empirically investigates the association between households’ primary occupation and caloric deprivation in India. In particular, in a multivariate and multilevel framework, we identified how closely primary occupation of households explain the variation in caloric deprivation in India. Methods: Therefore, drawing upon data from 68th round (2011-12) of nationally representative cross-sectional Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (HCES) of National Sample Survey (NSS), Government of India, we examined the statistical and econometric association between occupational backgrounds of households and caloric deprivation (average caloric consumption as well as low calorie intake) among Indian households. Results: Evidences show that agricultural and fishery labor households have lowest calorie intake (2086 kcal) across all the occupational groups. However, market oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers’ (2261 kcal – rural, 2165 kcal - urban) have higher calorie intakes than those belonging to subsistence agricultural (2165 kcal – rural, 2149 kcal - urban). Further, the multilevel logistic regression estimates suggest that in rural areas, households engaged in skilled agricultural and fishery works have significantly (at 5% level) lower odds ratio (OR: 0.72, with 95% CI: 0.63; 0.82) of having insufficient calorie intake compared to the unskilled agricultural and fishery laborer households. Estimates from variance partitioning based on multilevel logistic regression models suggest that the households’ occupational group accounts for 7 to 14 percent of total variation in calorie consumption.Conclusion: These insights when combined with the occupation-specific random-effects suggests that investing in skill development of agricultural and fishery workers may have immense potential to strengthen their income generation capacity and to reduce deprivation levels.
Prediction of enhancer-promoter interactions using the cross-cell information and domain adversarial neural network
Authors: Jing Fang , Zhang Shao-Wu , Zhang Shihua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) play key roles in transcriptional regulation and disease progression. Although several computational methods have been developed to predict such interactions, their performances are not satisfactory when training and testing data from different cell lines. Currently, it is still unclear what extent a across cell line prediction can be made based on sequence-level information.Results: In this work, we present a novel Sequence-based method (called SEPT) to predict the Enhancer-Promoter interactions in new cell line by using the cross-cell information and Transfer learning. SEPT first learns the features of enhancer and promoter from DNA sequences with convolutional neural network (CNN), then designing the gradient reversal layer of transfer learning to reduce the cell line specific features meanwhile retaining the features associated with EPIs. When the locations of enhancers and promoters are provided in new cell line, SEPT can successfully recognize EPIs in this new cell line based on labeled data of other cell lines. The experiment results show that SEPT can effectively learn the latent import EPIs-related features between cell lines and achieves the best prediction performance in terms of AUC (the area under the receiver operating curves).Conclusion: SEPT is an effective method for predicting the EPIs in new cell line. Domain adversarial architecture of transfer learning used in SEPT can learn the latent EPIs shared features among cell lines from all other existing labeled data. It can be expected that SEPT will be of interest to researchers concerned with biological interaction prediction.
Following cytotoxic nanoconjugates from injection to halting the cell cycle machinery and its therapeutic implications in oral cancer
Authors: Hamid Hend Mohamed Abdel , Darwish Zeinab El Sayed , Elsheikh Sahar Mohamed , Mourad Ghada , Donia Hanaa , Afifi Marwa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The concept of personalized therapy has been proven to be a promising approach. A popular technique is to utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as drug delivery vectors for cytotoxic drugs and small molecule inhibitors to target and eradicate oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Both drug and nanocarrier designs play important roles in the treatment efficacy. In our study, we standardized the nanosystem regarding NPs type, size, surface ligands and coverage percentage leaving only the drugs mode of action as the confounding variable. We propose that similarly constructed nanoparticles (NPs) can selectively leverage different conjugated drugs irrelevant to their original mode of action. If proven, AuNPs may have a secondary role beyond bypassing cancer cell membrane and delivering their loaded drugs.Methods: We conjugated 5- fluorouracil (5Fu), camptothecin (CPT), and a fibroblast growth factor receptor1-inhibitor (FGFR1i) to gold nanospheres (AuNSs). We followed their trajectories in Syrian hamsters with chemically induced buccal carcinomas.Results: Flow cytometry and cell cycle data shows that 5Fu- and CPT- induced a similar ratio of S-phase cell cycle arrest as nanoconjugates and in their free forms. On the other hand, FGFR1i-AuNSs induced significant sub-G1 cell population compared with its free form. Despite cell cycle dynamics variability, there was no significant difference in tumor cells’ proliferation rate between CPT-, 5Fu- and FGFR1i- AuNSs treated groups. In our in vivo model, FGFR1i-AuNSs induced the highest tumor reduction rates followed by 5Fu- AuNSs. CPT-AuNSs induced significantly lower tumor reduction rates compared with the 5Fu- and FGFR1i- AuNSs despite showing similar proliferative rates in tumor cells.Conclusions: Our data indicates that the cellular biological events do not predict the outcome seen in our in vivo model. Furthermore, our results suggest that AuNSs selectively enhance the therapeutic effect of small molecule inhibitors such as FGFR1i than potent anticancer drugs. Future studies are required to better understand the underlying mechanism.
Changes in left ventricular electromechanical relations during targeted hypothermia
Authors: Wisløff-Aase Kristin , Kerans Viesturs , Haugaa Kristina , Halvorsen Per Steinar , Skulstad Helge , Espinoza Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background:Targeted hypothermia, as used after cardiac arrest, increases electrical and mechanical systolic duration. Differences in duration of electrical and mechanical systole are correlated to ventricular arrhythmias. The electromechanical window (EMW) becomes negative when the electrical systole outlasts the mechanical systole. Prolonged electrical systole corresponds to prolonged QT interval, and is associated with increased dispersion of repolarization and mechanical dispersion. These three factors predispose for arrhythmias. The electromechanical relations during targeted hypothermia are unknown.We wanted to explore the electromechanical relations during hypothermia at 33 °C. We hypothesized that targeted hypothermia would increase electrical and mechanical systolic duration without an increase in EMW negativity, nor an increase in dispersion of repolarization and mechanical dispersion.Methods: In a porcine model (n = 14) we registered electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic recordings during 38 °C and 33 °C, at spontaneous and atrial paced heart rate 100 beats/min. EMW was calculated by subtracting electrical systole; QT interval, from the corresponding mechanical systole; QRS onset to aortic valve closure. Dispersion of repolarization was measured as time from peak to end of the ECG T wave. Mechanical dispersion was calculated by strain echocardiography as standard deviation of time to peak strain. Results:Electrical systole increased during hypothermia at spontaneous heart rate (p < 0.001) and heart rate 100 beats/min (p = 0.005). Mechanical systolic duration was prolonged and outlasted electrical systole independently of heart rate (p < 0.001). EMW changed from negative to positive value (-20 ± 19 to 27 ± 34 ms, p = 0.001). The positivity was even more pronounced at heart rate 100 beats/min (-25 ± 26 to 41 ± 18 ms, p < 0.001). Dispersion of repolarization decreased (p = 0.027 and p = 0.003), while mechanical dispersion did not differ (p = 0.078 and p = 0.297).Conclusion:Targeted hypothermia increased electrical and mechanical systolic duration, the electromechanical window became positive, dispersion of repolarization was slightly reduced and mechanical dispersion was unchanged. These alterations may have clinical importance. Further clinical studies are required to clarify whether corresponding electromechanical alterations are accommodating in humans.
Differences in [18F]-FDG uptake in BAT of UCP1 -/- and UCP1+/+ during adrenergic stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis
Authors: McHugh Christian T , Garside John , Barkes Jared , Frank Jonathan , Dragicevich Constance , Yuan Hong , Branca Rosa T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a fat tissue found in most mammals that helps regulate energy balance and core body temperature through a sympathetic process known as non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT activity is commonly detected and quantified in [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, and radiotracer uptake in BAT during adrenergic stimulation is often used as a surrogate measure for identifying thermogenic activity in the tissue. BAT thermogenesis is believed to be contingent upon the expression of the protein UCP1, but conflicting results have been reported in the literature concerning [18F]FDG uptake within BAT of mice with and without UCP1. Differences in animal handling techniques such as feeding status, type of anesthetic, type of BAT stimulation, and estrogen levels were identified as possible confounding variables for [18F]FDG uptake. In this study, we aimed to assess differences in BAT [18F]FDG uptake between wildtype and UCP1-knockout mice using a protocol that minimizes possible variations in BAT stimulation caused by different stress responses to mouse handling.Results [18F]FDG PET/CT scans were ran on mice that were anesthetized with pentobarbital after stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis by norepinephrine. While in wild type mice [18F]FDG uptake in BAT increased significantly with norepinephrine stimulation of BAT, there was no consistent change in [18F]FDG uptake in BAT of mice lacking UCP1. Conclusions [18F]FDG uptake within adrenergically stimulated BAT of wildtype and UCP1-knockout mice can significantly vary such that an [18F]FDG uptake threshold cannot be used to differentiate wildtype from UCP1-knockout mice. However, while an increase in BAT [18F]FDG uptake during adrenergic stimulation is consistently observed in wild type mice, in UCP1-knockout mice [18F]FDG uptake in BAT seems to be is independent of β3 adrenergic stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis.
Alloying–Realloying Enabled High Durability for Pt–Pd–3d-Transition Metal Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Wu Zhipeng , Maswadeh Yazan , Wen Jianguo , Kong Zhijie , Shan Shiyao , Vargas Jorge , Yan Shan , Hopkins Emma , Park Keonwoo , Sharma Anju , Ren Yang , Petkov Valeri , Wang Lichang , Zhong Chuan-Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.