bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in persons living with HIV infection
Authors: Parks Monica M , Secemsky Eric A , Yeh Robert W , Shen Changyu , Choi Eunhee , Kazi Dhruv S , Hsue Priscilla Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have increased cardiovascular mortality, which may in part be due to differences in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The purpose of this study was to compare the in-hospital and post-discharge management and outcomes of ACS among persons with and without HIV.

Methods and results
This was a retrospective cohort study using data from Symphony Health, a data warehouse. All patients admitted between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016 with ACS were identified by International Classification of Diseases billing codes. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine in-hospital, 30-day and 12-month event rates between groups. A total of 1 125 126 individuals were included, 6612 (0.59%) with HIV. Persons living with HIV were younger (57.4 ± 10.5 vs. 67.4 ± 12.9 years, P&lt; 0.0001) and had more medical comorbidities. Acute coronary syndrome type did not differ significantly with HIV status. Persons living with HIV were less likely to undergo coronary angiography (35.2% vs. 37.2%, adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.92, P &lt; 0.0001), and those with both HIV and STEMI underwent fewer drug-eluting stents (60.1% vs. 68.5%, adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.96, P = 0.016). Persons living with HIV had higher adjusted rates of inpatient mortality (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15–1.44; P &lt; 0.0001), 30-day readmission (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09–1.27; P &lt; 0.0001) and 12-month mortality (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22–1.44; P &lt; 0.0001). Twelve months following discharge, PLWH filled cardiac medications at lower rates.

Conclusion
In a contemporary cohort of persons hospitalized for ACS, PLWH received less guideline-supported interventional and medical therapies and had worse clinical outcomes. Strategies to optimize care are warranted in this unique population.
Comparison of predictive performance for toxicity by accumulative dose of DVH parameter addition and DIR addition for cervical cancer patients
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , Kadoya Noriyuki , Umezawa Rei , Takayama Yoshiki , Ito Kengo , Yamamoto Takaya , Tanaka Shohei , Dobashi Suguru , Takeda Ken , Nemoto Kenji , Iwai Takeo , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compared predictive performance between dose volume histogram (DVH) parameter addition and deformable image registration (DIR) addition for gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in cervical cancer patients. A total of 59 patients receiving brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The accumulative dose was calculated by three methods: conventional DVH parameter addition, full DIR addition and partial DIR addition. ${D}_{2{cm}^3}$, ${D}_{1{cm}^3}$ and ${D}_{0.1{cm}^3}$ (minimum doses to the most exposed 2 cm3, 1cm3 and 0.1 cm3 of tissue, respectively) of the rectum and sigmoid were calculated by each method. V50, V60 and V70 Gy (volume irradiated over 50, 60 and 70 Gy, respectively) were calculated in full DIR addition. The DVH parameters were compared between toxicity (≥grade1) and non-toxicity groups. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared to evaluate the predictive performance of each method. The differences between toxicity and non-toxicity groups in ${D}_{2{cm}^3}$ were 0.2, 5.7 and 3.1 Gy for the DVH parameter addition, full DIR addition and partial DIR addition, respectively. The AUCs of ${D}_{2{cm}^3}$ were 0.51, 0.67 and 0.57 for DVH parameter addition, full DIR addition and partial DIR addition, respectively. In full DIR addition, the difference in dose between toxicity and non-toxicity was the largest and AUC was the highest. AUCs of V50, V60 and V70 Gy were 0.51, 0.63 and 0.62, respectively, and V60 and V70 were high values close to the value of ${D}_{2{cm}^3}$ of the full DIR addition. Our results suggested that the full DIR addition may have the potential to predict toxicity more accurately than the conventional DVH parameter addition, and that it could be more effective to accumulate to all pelvic irradiation by DIR.
Experiences of crisis communication during radiation emergency and risk communication for recovery of the community in Fukushima
Authors: Takamura Noboru , Orita Makiko , Taira Yasuyuki , Matsunaga Hitomi , Yamashita Shunichi 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Since 2011, Nagasaki University (Nagasaki, Japan) has been assisting the reconstruction efforts of Kawauchi Village (Fukushima Prefecture), which was the first village to decide to return to their home town after the evacuation due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. In April 2013, Nagasaki University and the Kawauchi Government Office concluded an agreement concerning comprehensive cooperation toward the reconstruction of the village. Furthermore, we began comprehensive support for the residents of Tomioka who returned to their hometown in 2017, and of Ohkuma town in 2020. On the basis of the experiences in Kawauchi, Tomioka and Ohkuma, it is clear that the cooperation of residents, local authorities and specialists is essential for the recovery of areas affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Accumulated experiences and practices should be carefully evaluated and recorded to prepare for unexpected nuclear disasters in the future.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Its Propensity for Bacterial Coinfection and Related Mortality in Elderly Adults
Authors: Godefroy Raphael , Giraud-gatineau Audrey , Jimeno Marie-Thérèse , Edouard Sophie , Meddeb Line , Zandotti Christine , Chaudet Hervé , Colson Philippe , Raoult Didier , Cassir Nadim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in adults. We compared the crude in-hospital mortality of patients with RSV infection alone with that of patients with RSV–bacterial coinfection. Overall, 12 144 hospitalized patients with ARI were screened for RSV detection by polymerase chain reaction between February 2014 and April 2019. In total, 701 (5.8%) had a positive RSV result, including 85 (12.1%) with bacterial coinfection. RSV–bacterial coinfection was associated with an increase in crude in-hospital mortality in patients &gt;65 years old (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.30–6.60; P = .010). Optimized prevention and management strategies to reduce this burden are needed.
Collective control, social cohesion and health and well-being: baseline survey results from the communities in control study in England
Authors: McGowan V J , Akhter N , Halliday E , Popay J , Kasim A , Bambra C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Area-based initiatives (ABIs) are receiving renewed interest as a part of the ‘place-based public health’ approaches to reducing health inequalities.

Purpose
Examine associations between collective control, social cohesion and health amongst residents involved in the Big Local (BL) ABI.

Methods
Survey data on general health, mental well-being, perceptions of individual and collective control and social cohesion was obtained in 2016 for 1600 residents involved in the 150 BL ABI areas in England, and 862 responded—a response rate of &gt;50%. Adjusted mean differences and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random effect linear and generalized estimating equation models. Subgroup analysis by gender and educational level was conducted.

Results
Mental well-being was positively associated with collective control (mean difference: 3.06 units, 1.23–4.90) and some measures of social cohesion (‘people in the area are willing to help each other’ [mean difference: 1.77 units, 0.75–2.78]). General health was positively associated with other measures of social cohesion (area-belonging [OR: 4.25, 2.26–7.97]).

Conclusions
Collective control and some aspects of social cohesion were positively associated with better mental well-being and self-rated health amongst residents involved with BL. These positive associations were often greater amongst women and participants with a lower education. Increasing the collective control residents have in ABIs could improve the health effects of ABIs.
Lumbar Adding-on of the Thoracic Spine After Selective Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Types 1 and 2 Patients: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Tan Jun-Hao , Hey Hwee Weng Dennis , Wong Gordon , Wong Hee-Kit , Lau Leok Lim 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
This study aimed to identify risk factors that predict lumbar curve adding-on in patients who had selective thoracic fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Selective thoracic fusion offers deformity correction of Lenke 1 and 2 thoracic curves and maintains lumbar range of movement. However, some patients may develop postoperative lumbar adding-on.

Methods.
This study included patients 18 years or younger that underwent spinal instrumentation for Lenke 1 and 2 curves.

Results.
A total of 161 patients were included (147 females, 14 males). The mean age was 14.0 ± 2.1 years: 103 patients were Lenke 1, and 58 patients were Lenke 2 curves. Ninety-seven patients underwent posterior approach surgery, whereas 64 via anterior approach. In the posterior approach group, 79(81.4%) patients underwent selective fusion. Ten patients (6.2%) had lumbar curve adding-on, with nine females and one male. There were seven Lenke 1 and three Lenke 2 patients. All 10 patients were lumbar modifier (a), with 5 hypokyphotic patients. Selective fusion was done in nine patients. Lumbar adding-on was seen most commonly between 6 months to 1 year postoperative period (five patients). Two patients had adding-on because of incorrect distal fusion level, six were due to 1A-R curve, one due to the inadvertent fusion from the excessive long rod at the subjacent level. In multivariate analysis, hypokyphotic patients were at higher risk of lumbar adding-on (odds ratio = 9.2). Patients with Risser classification 0, 1, 2, 3 were also at higher risk of lumbar adding-on (odds ratio =6.1).

Conclusion.
The incidence of lumbar curve adding-on was 6.2%. Patients who were hypokyphotic and skeletally immature are nine times and six times more likely to have lumbar adding-on, respectively. This article examines adding-on in patients who had either anterior or posterior approach scoliosis surgeries, with follow-up stretching up to 10 years. This offers the rare opportunity to examine the natural history of the adding-on phenomenon.

Level of Evidence: 3
Changes in Low Back Muscle Activity and Spine Kinematics in Response to Smartphone Use During Walking
Authors: Choi Seobin , Kim Misol , Kim Eunjee , Shin Gwanseob 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Within-subject design of an experimental study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of smartphone use on the activity level of the lumbar erector spinae muscles and spine kinematics during walking.

Summary of Background Data.
Using a smartphone while walking makes the user hold the phone steady and look downward to interact with the phone. Walking with this non-natural posture of the head and the arms may alter the spine kinematics and increase the muscular load on the low back extensor muscles.

Methods.
Twenty healthy young individuals participated in the laboratory experiment. Each participant walked on a treadmill in five different conditions: normal walking without using a phone, conducting one-handed browsing while walking, two-handed texting while walking, walking with one arm bound, and walking with both arms bound. Spine kinematics variables and the myoelectric activity levels of the lumbar erector spinae muscles were quantified and compared between the five walking conditions.

Results.
Participants walked with significantly (P < 0.05) more thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis when using a phone compared to when walking without using the phone. The median level of muscle activity was also 16.5% (browsing) to 31.8% (texting) greater for the two smartphone use conditions than for the normal walking condition, and the differences were significant (P < .05). Between the normal walking and the two bound arm walking conditions, no significant difference in the muscle activity was found.

Conclusion.
Study results show that the concurrent use of a smartphone while walking could pose a larger muscular load to the lumbar erector spinae muscles than that of normal walking. Habitual use of a smartphone while walking could be a risk factor for low back musculoskeletal problems.

Level of Evidence: N/A
DISRUPTION OF THE OUTER SEGMENTS OF THE PHOTORECEPTORS ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AS A FEATURE OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Authors: Jevnikar Kristina , Šuštar Maja , Kozjek Nada Rotovnik , Štrucl Ana M. , Markelj Špela , Hawlina Marko , Fakin Ana 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe the optical coherence tomography features of vitamin A deficiency.

Methods:
Case series includes three male patients aged 50 to 66 years with vitamin A deficiency and visual symptoms ranging from 2 to 8 months. Examination included optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence imaging, full-field electroretinography6 and laboratory work-up.

Results:
Patient 1 had inoperable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and presented with worsening nyctalopia. The electroretinography showed absent rod function 2 months after the onset of symptoms, followed by a decrease of the cone function eight months after the onset. Optical coherence tomography showed poorly distinguishable outer segments of the photoreceptors with the disappearance of the interdigitation zone. At that time, vitamin A deficiency along with several other deficiencies was confirmed. After the initiation of parenteral nutrition, a substantial improvement of the patient's overall well-being was noted and the OCT showed normalization of the retinal structure. Two other patients were diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency based on similar OCT features.

Conclusion:
Disruption of the outer segments of the photoreceptors and the disappearance of the interdigitation zone on OCT may be helpful in recognition of vitamin A deficiency. Early detection and malnutrition evaluation are especially important in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders who may have several other underlying deficiencies. Treatment with either enteral or parenteral nutrition not only leads to resolution of visual symptoms but vastly improves their general condition and quality of life.
Virus Shedding in Patients With Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Induced by EV71, CA16 or CA6
Authors: Duan Xiaoxia , Chen Zhenhua , Li Xianzhi , Yuan Ping , Long Lu 
Published: November 2020

Background:
As the highly contagious hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) spreads rapidly among children, isolation is the most effective way to control its spread. However, studies on the duration of virus shedding of the HFMD-related enterovirus and a reasonable quarantine period for HFMD patients are inconsistent.

Methods:
We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the viral shedding of patients with HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and coxsackievirus A6.

Results:
A total of 17 observational studies evaluating 626 participants were included. In the first 5 weeks after onset, the pooled virus positive rate in specimens of EV71-related patients decreased from 0.79 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity) to 0.38 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). The positive rate of CVA16 was reduced from 0.91 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity) to 0.29 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). The positive rates of CVA16 and coxsackievirus A6 were approximately 50% in the third week after onset, while a 50% positive rate appeared in the fourth week in EV71 related cases.

Conclusions:
We found the positive rates of virus shedding were still high among the patients released from quarantine, and the duration of viral shedding was inconsistent among HFMD patients caused by different serotypes. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence for a possible flexible quarantine period according to the serotype.
Evaluating keratoconus progression prior to crosslinking: maximum keratometry vs the ABCD grading system
Authors: Vinciguerra Riccardo , Belin Michael W. , Borgia Alfredo , Piscopo Raffaele , Montericcio Alessio , Confalonieri Filippo , Legrottaglie Emanuela F. , Rosetta Pietro , Vinciguerra Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the correlation between changes in maximum keratometry (Kmax) and ABC values from the ABCD Progression Display (Pentacam) in progressive keratoconus (KC) and to evaluate whether the ABC changes were able to detect progression earlier than Kmax.

Setting:
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Methods:
Kmax, ABC values, and thinnest point (ThCT) were recorded at the day of corneal crosslinking (CXL) (T0) and previous follow-up (T-1). In patients without earlier progression in Kmax, follow-up examination (T-2) was used to determine whether any of the ABC parameters reached statistical significance for progression.

Results:
Seventy-six eyes of 63 patients scheduled for CXL with documented progression (Kmax increase of >1.00 diopter) were included. There was a significant, albeit moderate, correlation between the change in Kmax between T0 and T-1 and the change in both A (ρ = 0.391) and B values (ρ = 0.339). There was no significant correlation between the change in Kmax between T0 and T-1 and the change in either C or ThCT. In patients with T-2 examinations, 16 (51.6%) of 31 patients showed a statistically significant change on the ABCD progression display that was not detected with Kmax.

Conclusions:
This study showed a significant, but moderate, correlation between the change in Kmax and the change in A and B values in progressive KC. Moreover, more than half of the cases showed documented progression earlier with the ABCD progression display than that detected by standard Kmax changes. This study suggests possible changes in progression criteria to allow for earlier intervention.
Child Trafficking Victims in Pediatric Surgical Environments
Authors: Peck Jessica L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Human trafficking is a global human rights violation and emerging public health emergency. Child trafficking (CT), in particular, is both understudied and underreported. Despite the demonstrated need for skilled and knowledgeable health professional interventions, awareness across the continuum of care environments remains low. There is virtually no published scientific nursing literature exploring incidence and impact of CT specifically presenting in surgical settings, although survivor reports indicate an urgent and pressing need for it as victims may be hiding in plain sight within care environments. The purpose of this article is not to provide an exhaustive overview of the definitions, etiology, or means and purposes of CT but to draw attention of pediatric surgical nurses (PSNs) to consider how victims may be presenting for surgical care. PSNs need increased education, awareness, and tools to competently advocate for effective policy development and prioritized research efforts. PSNs should coordinate evidence-based, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive clinical actions in pediatric surgical care environments.
Population Health Content Within Professional Entry-Level Physical Therapist Education Programs
Authors: Domholdt Elizabeth , Giuffre Suzanne , Keehan Jane 
Published: November 2020

Introduction.
Physical therapists can play an important role in improving the health of populations. However, little information exists about how physical therapists are prepared for population-based practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the current and desired coverage of population health concepts within entry-level physical therapist programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). The Clinical Prevention and Population Health (CPPH) Curriculum Framework of the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research guided the study.

Methods.
Program directors at CAPTE-accredited physical therapist education program were invited to participate in an online survey. Sixty-three of 237 program directors (27%) responded.

Results.
Program directors agreed that 22 of 23 CPPH domains should be included in entry-level physical therapist education programs, although only 9 of these domains had at least moderate coverage within current curriculums. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were for occupational health, population health informatics, counseling for behavioral change, global health issues, and organization of clinical and public health systems.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The CPPH Framework may be a useful tool for physical therapy faculty to use when incorporating population health into their curriculums. The identified gaps between current and desired coverage may be a useful place to start curriculum development efforts. Similarities between responses to this survey and those in a companion study of occupational therapist programs suggests that it may be useful for faculty from physical therapist and occupational therapist programs to collaborate in curriculum development efforts related to population health.
Rapid Administration of Ketamine for Abscess Drainage in Children—A Dose Finding Study
Authors: Chinta Sri S. , Schrock Charles R. , McAllister John D. , Jaffe David M. , Liu Jingxia , Kennedy Robert M. 
Published: November 2020

Study Objective
To estimate the minimum dose and total sedation time of rapidly infused ketamine that achieves 3 to 5 minutes of effective sedation in children undergoing abscess incision and drainage in the emergency department.

Methods
The Up-Down method was used to estimate the dose of intravenous ketamine infused over 5 seconds or less that provided effective sedation in 50% (ED50) and 95% (ED95) for healthy children aged 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years undergoing abscess incision and drainage. None were pretreated with opioids. Three investigators blinded to ketamine dose independently graded sedation effectiveness by viewing a video recording of the first 5 minutes of sedation. Recovery was determined when patients reached a Modified Aldrete score of 10.

Results
We enrolled 20 children in each age group. The estimated ED50 was 0.9 and 0.6 mg/kg for the 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years' groups and the estimated ED95 was 1.1 mg/kg for both groups. The median time to full recovery for the 2 groups was 20.5 and 17.5 minutes when only 1 dose of ketamine was administered and 27.5 and 35 minutes when additional doses of ketamine were administered. No participants experienced serious adverse events.

Conclusions
We estimated ED50 and ED95 for rapidly infused ketamine for 2 age groups undergoing abscess incision and drainage. Further studies are needed to get a more precise estimate of ED95. The total sedation time with this technique in the abscess group was shorter than most previous studies and is consistent with our previous observations in patients undergoing fracture reduction.