bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale-up of the Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT) network across the Clinical and Translational Science Award Consortium: a mixed-methods evaluation of the first 18 months
Authors: Morrato Elaine H. , Lennox Lindsay A. , Sendro Elaina R. , Schuster Anne L. , Pincus Harold A. , Humensky Jennifer , Firestein Gary S. , Nadler Lee M. , Toto Robert , Reis Steven E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program is a Consortium of nearly 60 academic medical research centers across the USA and a natural network for evaluating the spread and uptake of translational research innovation across the Consortium.Methods:Dissemination of the Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT) Network, a federated clinical informatics data network for population-based cohort discovery, began January 2018 across the Consortium. Diffusion of innovation theory guided dissemination design and evaluation. Mixed-methods assessed the spread and uptake across the Consortium through July 1, 2019 (n = 48 CTSAs). Methods included prospective time activity tracking (Kaplan–Meier curves), and survey and qualitative interviews.Results:Within 18 months, nearly 80% of CTSAs had joined the data network and two-thirds of CTSAs achieving technical readiness had initiated launch to local clinical investigators. Over 10,000 ACT Network queries are projected for 2019; and by 2020, nearly all CTSAs will have joined the network. Median time-from-technical-readiness-to-local-launch was 154 days (interquartile range: 87–225 days]. Quality improvement processes reduced time-to-launch by 35.2% (64 days, p = 0.0036). Lessons learned include: (1) conceptualize dissemination as two-stage adoption demonstrating value for both CTSA hub service providers and clinical investigators; (2) include institutional trial into dissemination strategies so CTSA hubs can refine internal workflows and gather local user feedback endorsement; (3) embrace designing-for-dissemination during technology development; and (4) sustain adaptive dissemination and customer relationship management to keep CTSA hubs and users engaged.Conclusions:Scale-up and spread of the ACT Network provides lessons learned for others disseminating innovation across the CTSA Consortium. The Network is primed for embedded implementation research.
Evaluation of nine surface disinfectants against Candida auris using a quantitative disk carrier method: EPA SOP-MB-35
Authors: Sexton D. Joseph , Welsh Rory M. , Bentz Meghan L. , Forsberg Kaitlin , Jackson Brendan , Berkow Elizabeth L. , Litvintseva Anastasia P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe tested 9 disinfectants against Candida auris using the quantitative disk carrier method EPA-MB-35-00: 5 products with hydrogen peroxide or alcohol-based chemistries were effective and 4 quaternary ammonium compound-based products were not. This work supported a FIFRA Section 18 emergency exemption granted by the US Environmental Protection Agency to expand disinfectant guidance for C. auris.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 in the CD36 gene is associated with orosensory perception of a fatty acid in obese and normal-weight Moroccan subjects
Authors: Bajit Habiba , Ait Si Mohammed O. , Guennoun Y. , Benaich S. , Bouaiti E. , Belghiti H. , Mrabet M. , Elfahime E. M. , El Haloui N. E. , Saeid N. , El Kari K. , Hichami A. , Khan N. A. , Benkirane H. , Aguenaou H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Obese subjects have shown a preference for dietary lipids. A recent collection of evidence has proposed that a variant in the CD36 gene plays a significant role in this pathway. We assessed the association between the orosensory detection of a long-chain fatty acid, i.e. oleic acid (OA), and genetic polymorphism of the lipid taste sensor CD36 in obese and normal-weight subjects. Adult participants were recruited in the fasting condition. They were invited to fat taste perception sessions, using emulsions containing OA and according to the three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) method. Genomic DNA was used to determine the polymorphism (SNP rs 1761667) of the CD36 gene. Obese (n 50; BMI 34⋅97 (sd 4⋅02) kg/m2) exhibited a significantly higher oral detection threshold for OA (3⋅056 (sd 3⋅53) mmol/l) than did the normal-weight (n 50; BMI 22⋅16 (sd 1⋅81) kg/m2) participants (1⋅20 (sd 3⋅23) mmol/l; P = 0⋅007). There was a positive correlation between OA detection thresholds and BMI in all subjects; evenly with body fat percentage (BF%). AA genotype was more frequent in the obese group than normal-weight group. OA detection thresholds were much higher for AA and AG genotypes in obese subjects compared with normal-weight participants. Higher oral detection thresholds for fatty acid taste are related to BMI, BF% and not always to CD36 genotype.
Gut microbial metabolism of dietary fibre protects against high energy feeding induced ovarian follicular atresia in a pig model
Authors: Zhuo Yong , Cao Meng , Gong Yuechan , Tang Lianchao , Jiang Xuemei , Li Yang , Yang Min , Xu Shengyu , Li Jian , Che Lianqiang , Lin Yan , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Wu De 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effects of dietary fibre on follicular atresia in pigs fed a high-fat diet, we fed thirty-two prepubescent gilts a basal diet (CON) or a CON diet supplemented with 300 g/d dietary fibre (fibre), 240 g/d soya oil (SO) or both (fibre + SO). At the 19th day of the 4th oestrus cycle, gilts fed the SO diet showed 112 % more atretic follicles and greater expression of the apoptotic markers, Bax and caspase-3, and these effects were reversed by the fibre diet. The abundance of SCFA-producing microbes was decreased by the SO diet, but this effect was reversed by fibre treatment. Concentrations of serotonin and melatonin in the serum and follicular fluid were increased by the fibre diet. Overall, dietary fibre protected against high fat feeding-induced follicular atresia at least partly via gut microbiota-related serotonin–melatonin synthesis. These results provide insight into preventing negative effects on fertility in humans consuming a high-energy diet.
Rotational grazing management of forage peanut
Authors: Carvalho Lucas da Rocha , Pereira Lilian Elgalise Techio , Da Silva Sila Carneiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe perennial forage peanut is a stoloniferous, perennial tropical legume with potential for use in pastures. Based on the hypothesis that under intermittent stocking herbage accumulation would follow a similar pattern to that described for tropical forage grasses, the objective of this study was to evaluate canopy characteristics and herbage accumulation of forage peanut subjected to strategies of rotational grazing management. Treatments corresponded to all possible combinations of two grazing frequencies (regrowth interrupted at 95% and maximum canopy light interception – LI95% and LIMax) and two grazing severities (post-grazing canopy heights (CHs) equivalent to 40 and 60% of the pre-grazing heights). Treatments were imposed to experimental units during an adaptation period (from November 2014 to January 2015) and the subsequent experimental period lasted from February 2015 to April 2016, comprising two consecutive pasture growing seasons with no interruption between them (summer I to summer II). The pre-grazing targets of LI95% and LIMax corresponded to CHs of 13 and 18 cm, respectively. Forage peanut showed high grazing tolerance as pre-grazing leaf area index (except during summer I and autumn/winter), total herbage, and leaflet dry matter accumulation varied only with seasons. Higher rates of herbage production were recorded during summer I and summer II, followed by those during late and early spring and autumn/winter. Since there was no difference in the pattern of herbage accumulation between LI95% and LIMax and stolons predominated at the bottom of the canopies, forage peanut may be rotationally grazed with greater flexibility than most tropical forage grasses. Recommended pre-grazing CHs are within 13 and 18 cm, and post-grazing heights between 40 and 60% of the pre-grazing height.
Day hospital versus intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment: 3-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder in a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Smits Maaike L. , Feenstra Dine J. , Bales Dawn L. , Blankers Matthijs , Dekker Jack J. M. , Lucas Zwaan , Kamphuis Jan H. , Busschbach Jan J. V. , Verheul Roel , Luyten Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo types of mentalization-based treatment (MBT), day hospital MBT (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient MBT (MBT-IOP), have been shown to be effective in treating patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study evaluated trajectories of change in a multi-site trial of MBT-DH and MBT-IOP at 36 months after the start of treatment.MethodsAll 114 patients (MBT-DH n = 70, MBT-IOP n = 44) from the original multicentre trial were assessed at 24, 30 and 36 months after the start of treatment. The primary outcome was symptom severity measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory. Secondary outcome measures included borderline symptomatology, personality and interpersonal functioning, quality of life and self-harm. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling and the intention-to-treat principle.ResultsPatients in both MBT-DH and MBT-IOP maintained the substantial improvements made during the intensive treatment phase and showed further gains during follow-up. Across both conditions, 83% of patients improved in terms of symptom severity, and 97% improved on borderline symptomatology. No significant differences were found between MBT-DH and MBT-IOP at 36 months after the start of treatment. However, trajectories of change were different. Whereas patients in MBT-DH showed greater improvement during the intensive treatment phase, patients in MBT-IOP showed greater continuing improvement during follow-up.ConclusionsPatients in both conditions showed similar large improvements over the course of 36 months, despite large differences in treatment intensity. MBT-DH and MBT-IOP were associated with different trajectories of change. Cost-effectiveness considerations and predictors of differential treatment outcome may further inform optimal treatment selection.
Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Pandža Nick B. , Phillips Ian , Karuzis Valerie P. , O'Rourke Polly , Kuchinsky Stefanie E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper begins by discussing new trends in the use of neurostimulation techniques in cognitive science and learning research, as well as the nascent research on their application in second language learning. To illustrate this, an experiment designed to investigate the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is delivered via earbuds, on how learners process and learn Mandarin tones is reported. Pupillometry, which is an index of cognitive effort, is explained and illustrated as one way to assess the impact of tVNS. Participants in the study were native English speakers, naïve to tone languages, pseudorandomly assigned to active or control conditions, while balancing for nonlinguistic pitch ability and musical experience. Their performance after tVNS was assessed using a range of more traditional language outcome measures, including accuracy and reaction times from lexical recognition and recall tasks and was triangulated with pupillometry during word-learning to help understand the mechanism through which tVNS operates. Findings are discussed in light of the literatures on lexical tone learning, cognitive effort, and neurostimulation, including specific benefits for learners of tone languages. Recommendations are made for future work on the increasingly popular area of neurostimulation for the field of applied linguistics in the 40th anniversary issue of ARAL.
The Annual Review of Applied Linguistics at 40: Looking Back and Moving Ahead
Authors: Mackey Alison 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is a privilege to be Editor-in-Chief of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics in 2020 as it celebrates its 40th year. This is my fifth issue as Editor. I will begin this short introduction by paying tribute, with the help of Bill Grabe (Northern Arizona University), to the founding editor of the journal, Robert Kaplan (1929–2020). Without Robert Kaplan, none of us would be reading these pages. We will then turn to some comments from each of the previous editors on a few of the highlights of their time editing the journal, along with words for the future. After this, I will describe some recent updates, go through a few of the historical successes of the journal, and then turn to the contents of the exciting current issue, “Looking back and moving ahead.”
A utility-based analysis of equilibria in multi-objective normal-form games
Authors: Rădulescu Roxana , Mannion Patrick , Zhang Yijie , Roijers Diederik M. , Nowé Ann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In multi-objective multi-agent systems (MOMASs), agents explicitly consider the possible trade-offs between conflicting objective functions. We argue that compromises between competing objectives in MOMAS should be analyzed on the basis of the utility that these compromises have for the users of a system, where an agent’s utility function maps their payoff vectors to scalar utility values. This utility-based approach naturally leads to two different optimization criteria for agents in a MOMAS: expected scalarized returns (ESRs) and scalarized expected returns (SERs). In this article, we explore the differences between these two criteria using the framework of multi-objective normal-form games (MONFGs). We demonstrate that the choice of optimization criterion (ESR or SER) can radically alter the set of equilibria in a MONFG when nonlinear utility functions are used.
Spanish Validation of the Adolescent Self-Consciousness Questionnaire
Authors: Morales Alexandra , Rodríguez-Menchón Miriam , Lis Adriana , Delvecchio Elisa , Li Jian-Bin , Orgilés Mireia , Espada José P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Self-consciousness development takes place mainly in adolescence because the brain undergoes certain structural changes that facilitate abstract thinking and metacognition, thus favoring the development of identity. Despite the importance of self-consciousness for mental health, there are no specific measurement instruments for Spanish adolescents. The objective of this study was to explore the dimensions of self-consciousness among Spanish adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years and validate the Chinese Adolescent Self-Consciousness Questionnaire (ASC) in this population. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in accordance with previous validations of the ASC, using R Studio and the Lavaan package, to test its adequacy in a Spanish sample. Internal consistency and temporal stability were also tested, and evidence of validity was found. The results showed a good fit to the model eliminating four items with poor fit indices, CFI = .90, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .078, 95% CI [.076, .080]. Higher self-consciousness was associated with greater self-esteem and lower depressive symptomatology. No significant gender differences were found. This study provides a valid measure to evaluate self-consciousness in Spanish adolescents. The relationship established between self-consciousness and anxiety and depression requires further study as self-consciousness is involved in the development and maintenance of adolescent psychopathology.
Impact of the Eastward Shift in the Negative‐Phase NAO on Extreme Drought Over Northern China in Summer
Authors: Du Yibo , Zhang Jie , Zhao Siwen , Chen Haishan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe frequency of extreme drought events in northern China has increased since the mid‐1990s, and such a decadal anomalous trend may have a vital influence on national economics and food supply. Based on the analysis of observational datasets and experiments conducted by a linear baroclinic model, this study claims that the intraseasonal circulation anomalies related to extreme drought are linked to the eastward shift in the negative phase of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO). When the SNAO is in a negative phase, the cyclonic eddy‐driven jet can enhance the eastward extension of the North Atlantic jet stream (NAJS), contributing to a closer connection between the NAJS and the Asian‐African jet stream and enhancing the waveguide. The cyclonic eddy in the exit of the jet stream excites anomalous Rossby wave energy that originates from the NAJS exit and spreads to the Caspian Sea, Mongolia, and northern China; this associated wave train, which is similar to the Silk Road Pattern (SRP), enhances the anticyclonic anomaly over northern China, establishing a pronounced link with extreme drought in northern China. Thus, the negative phase of the SNAO may be a contributing driver of extreme drought in northern China.
Observing Water Vapor Variability During Three Super Typhoon Events in Hong Kong Based on GPS Water Vapor Tomographic Modeling Technique
Authors: Zhu Mingchen , Liu Zhizhao , Hu Wusheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper for the first time numerically characterizes the water vapor spatial and temporal variation during the life cycle of super typhoons, using the 3D tomographic water vapor modeling method. Global Positioning System (GPS) data sets collected in Hong Kong were used to reconstruct the water vapor density field with a temporal resolution of 30 min during three super typhoon events in 2013 and 2014. The spatiotemporal variabilities of water vapor at five altitude layers (<0.8, 0.8–1.6, 1.6–3.0, 3.0–5.2, and 5.2–8.5 km) were examined. It was found that in the lower troposphere (<1.6 km), the precipitable water vapor (PWV) had only minor fluctuation during typhoon events. But significant PWV increase was observed at altitude above 1.6 km, and PWV kept increasing with the altitude, leading to the increase of the total water vapor. Hong Kong's PWV was observed to increase as the typhoons were about 795 to 821 km away from Hong Kong. The PWV spatial (distance) increase rate was 0.031–0.037 mm/km in the upper layers (1.6–8.5 km) and temporal increase rate was 12.710–24.272 mm/day in the upper layers (1.6–8.5 km). The typhoons had the largest impact on the PWV variation in the top layer (layer 5, 5.2–8.5 km). Prior to typhoon impact, PWV in layer 5 accounts for only 12.77% to 13.68% in the upper layers (1.6–8.5 km). With the typhoon impact, the PWV in layer 5 accounts for 21.28% to 26.38%. This work has demonstrated the potential to use water vapor tomographic technique to study water vapor evolution during super typhoons.
Impact of Submesoscale Vertical Advection on Primary Productivity in the Southern East China Sea
Authors: Meng Qicheng , Xuan Jiliang , Zhang Wenyan , Zhou Feng , Hao Qiang , Zhao Qiang , Schrum Corinna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of submesoscale vertical advection (SVA) on the primary productivity in the southern East China Sea. The analysis is based on a comparison between two numerical simulations by using a three‐dimensional coupled physical‐biogeochemical model. One simulation directly resolves SVA on a high‐resolution mesh, and the other leaves SVA unresolved on a low‐resolution mesh. The high‐resolution simulation outperforms the low‐resolution simulation in reproducing the observed chlorophyll distribution, particularly in summer. Resolving SVA results in an approximately 40% increase in primary productivity during the summer, though SVA activity is relatively weak in this season than in other seasons. Among multiscale physical processes, SVA, rather than mixing, is found to be the most important vertical nutrient supply pathway from the nutrient‐rich bottom water to the nutrient‐depleted surface water in summer, particularly on the middle and outer shelves. The impact of SVA on the shelf is unique compared to the open ocean in that it efficiently enhances vertical supply of nutrient‐rich subsurface waters to the nutrient‐depleted surface layer. This study highlights the importance of SVA in promoting primary productivity in stratified shelf seas.
How to Process Radio Occultation Data: 2. From Time Series of Two‐Way, Single‐Frequency Frequency Residuals to Vertical Profiles of Ionospheric Properties
Authors: Withers Paul , Moore L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE) generates vertical profiles of electron density in the ionosphere of Mars from two‐way, single‐frequency radio occultation observations. Here we develop methods for generating vertical profiles of ionospheric electron density from frequency residuals obtained from such observations. We show that the relevant set of equations can be closed for ionospheric observations if the uplink bending angle is equal to the product of the downlink bending angle and the square of the turn‐around ratio. This is consistent with the dispersion relation for radio waves in plasma. Four angles, each being the angle between the asymptote of a portion of a refracted ray path and the corresponding idealized unrefracted ray path, provide a natural framework for development of these methods. We also present forms of these methods appropriate to one‐way radio occultation experiments. These methods have been validated using a simulated occultation representative for the ionosphere of Mars. Errors are found to be on the order of a few percent.
Thermal Conductivity Profile in the Nankai Accretionary Prism at IODP NanTroSEIZE Site C0002: Estimations From High‐Pressure Experiments Using Input Site Sediments
Authors: Lin Weiren , Hirose Takehiro , Tadai Osamu , Tanikawa Wataru , Ishitsuka Kazuya , Yang Xiaoqiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDepth profiles of sediment thermal conductivity are required for understanding the thermal structure in active seismogenic zones. During the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE), a scientific drilling project of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), a borehole was penetrated to a depth of 3,262.5 m below seafloor (mbsf) at Site C0002. Because core samples obtained from below ~1,100 mbsf in an accretionary prism are limited, a thermal conductivity profile over such depths usually determined by laboratory measurements using core samples is not available. To obtain the thermal conductivity profile at Site C0002, we used core samples collected from sediments that overlay the incoming subducting oceanic basement at Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment Site C0012, which can be considered to have the same mineral composition as the accretional prism at Site C0002. The thermal conductivity of the C0012 core samples was measured at high pressure to simulate subduction by reducing the sample porosity. We measured the thermal conductivity of six core samples from 144–518 mbsf at Site C0012 up to a maximum effective pressure of ~50 MPa, corresponding to depths greater than ~4 km below seafloor. We obtained an empirical relation between thermal conductivity λBulk in Wm‐1K‐1 and fractional porosity ϕ for the Nankai Trough accretionary prism as λBulk = exp(−1.09ϕ + 0.977). Based on porosity data measured using core/cuttings samples and data derived from P wave velocity logs, we estimate two consistent and complete thermal conductivity profiles down to ~3 km below seafloor in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism. These profiles are consistent with the existing thermal conductivity data measured using limited core samples.