bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of ACL Reconstruction Using a Nonanatomic Double-Bundle Technique with Extra-Articular Reinforcement
Authors: Dalla-Rosa J. , Espejo-Reina A. , Tamimi I. , Espejo-Reina M. J. , Lombardo-Torre M. , Espejo-Baena A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtra-articular procedures for the improvement in rotational stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have gained popularity in the last decade. This surgical gesture hoped to improve resistance to the high tensional forces affecting the ACL graft during cutting and pivoting movements of the lower extremity and eventually prevent ACL reconstruction failure. We performed this study to analyze the long-term results of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using a nonanatomic double-bundle technique with an additional extra-articular augmentation. All the cases that underwent an ACL reconstruction using a nonanatomic double-bundle technique with an extra-articular reinforcement during the period between 1992 and 1997 were reviewed. The inclusion criteria for this study included a minimum follow-up of 10 years and age between 14 and 45 years at the time of the surgery. Forty patients were included in this series (34 males and 6 females). The mean Lysholm score after a minimum follow-up period of 10 years was 92.3 (standard deviation [SD], 9.4). The average preoperative Tegner score of the participants was 7.0 (SD, 1.1). This score decreased to 5.7 (SD, 1.2) at the end of follow-up. Follow-up X-rays were reviewed to assess the degenerative changes in the three knee compartments. Degenerative changes ≥ Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2 were observed in our six (15%) patients, all of them in the medial knee compartment. With these results, we conclude that double-bundle nonanatomic ACL reconstruction combined with an extra-articular reinforcement resembling the anterolateral ligament offers good overall long-term results, with relatively low rates of osteoarthritis.
October snow cover and winter atmospheric conditions in Siberia
Authors: Martynova Yu V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, the relationship between autumn Siberian snow cover and atmospheric conditions of the following winter is evaluated in time and space. NOAA observational data, NCEP2, and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and results of a climate model INMCM4 are used. The study is carried out for a territory of Western Siberia of 55° – 74° N and 60° – 90° E. The results obtained show that the relationship does not have a constant manifestation in time. It is hypothesized that the abnormal amount of snow in autumn in Siberia and the anomalies of meteorological parameters in the following winter are initiated by some third process which occurred earlier, possibly at the beginning of autumn or at the end of summer.
Influence of the stratospheric polar vortex on the Barents Sea ice extent in early 2012
Authors: Zuev V V , Savelieva E S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA significant decrease in the sea ice extent in the Barents Sea was observed in February 2012 due to a large increase in Arctic surface temperature. In early January 2012 a sudden stratospheric warming occurred simultaneously with a stratospheric polar vortex displacement. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show that the displacement of the stratospheric polar vortex led to a perturbation and splitting of the tropospheric polar vortex. An inflow of warm air masses into the polar region, mainly over the Barents Sea, occurred during the splitting of the tropospheric vortex, which resulted in an increase in Arctic surface temperature and a decrease in the sea ice extent.
Current Climatic Changes in the Troposphere, Stratosphere, and Mesosphere, and Inter-Layer Interactions
Authors: Perevedentsev Y P , Shantalinskii K M , Sherstyukov B G , Guryanov V V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing new data about near-surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere (from 1850 to 2018) and ERA5 reanalysis of temperature distributions up to s height of 80 km (from 1979 to 2018), the authors calculate and analyse mean and root-mean square deviations, linear trend slope coefficients, and low-frequency components of temperature at various levels and latitude zones. A 60-year quasi-cyclicity of the temperature near the Earth’s surface has been discovered. The authors evaluate the rates of tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling observed over the last decades. Much attention is given to the search for correlations between the atmospheric layers, thermal regime characteristics, and the Arctic Oscillation. A predictive valuation of temperature oscillations is obtained for Kazan until 2051, taking into account distant relationships revealed between the temperature status of the ocean surface and the region considered.
A study of the mutual influence of global circulation objects by a method of dispersive analysis
Authors: Morozova S V , Polyanskaya E A , Kononova N K , Molchanova N P , Letuchiy A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Three structural elements of the general circulation of the atmosphere on a global scale are considered: the Arctic oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the planetary tall frontal zone. The degree of influence of the Arctic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation on the dynamics of the planetary tall frontal zone is estimated. The assessment is carried out by a method of analysis of the variance, which allows assessing the significance of the influence of one or more meteorological quantities of the studied value. A comparison of the variances has shown that the degree of influence of these objects on the dynamics of the planetary high altitude zone is 6% from the Arctic Oscillation and 7% from the Southern Oscillation. A comprehensive analysis has shown that the planetary high-altitude frontal zone has the highest intensity with negative anomalies of the Arctic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation, and the lowest one with negative anomalies of the Arctic Oscillation and positive anomalies of the Southern Oscillation. A comparison with the Fisher criterion has not revealed any statistical significance. An important conclusion is formulated about the predominance of the influence of inherent internal processes in the dynamics of the planetary high-altitude frontal zone in comparison with the circulation structures adjacent to it.
Stability of relic methane hydrates under climatic changes in the Holocene
Authors: Arzhanov M M , Malakhova V V , Mokhov I I , Parfenova M R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The results of numerical modeling of the thermal regime of high-latitude permafrost regions of Western Siberia (the Yamal Peninsula) for the last 6 thousand years are presented. Thermobaric conditions for stability and dissociation of continental methane hydrates are defined. It is shown that at the present time relict methane hydrates can exist at depths of up to 150 m in the strata of frozen soil of Yamal above the modern boundary of the stability zone, having “survived” warming in the Mid-Holocene warm period (about 6,000-5,000 years ago) at negative temperatures in the permafrost. According to the results obtained, the current warming in Yamal region exceeds the warming of the Mid-Holocene. The increase of the temperature of the permafrost layer can reduce the strength of the soil and lead to dissociation of the near-surface gas hydrates.
Simulation of the influence of the ocean and the El-Niño – Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the structure and composition of the atmosphere
Authors: Jakovlev A R , Smyshlyaev S P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of El-Niño and La-Niña on the Arctic stratosphere is studied. Sea surface temperature (SST), potential vorticity, air temperature, ozone mixing ratio, and column ozone ERA Interim data are analyzed for 1997, 1999, and 2016. It is shown that El-Niño leads to a series of sudden stratospheric warmings and, consequently, to instability of the polar vortex and to an increase in column ozone, whereas La-Niña leads to a stable polar vortex and low temperatures in the stratosphere and, therefore, to a decrease in column ozone. The influence of SST and CO2 levels on the air temperature in the troposphere and stratosphere, and ozone content from 1980 to 2015 is also studied. It is shown that there is warming of the ocean and the troposphere, as well as cooling of the stratosphere. It is also shown that the changes in air temperature in the troposphere are mainly due to changes in SST, whereas for the stratosphere the impact of CO2 variability prevails. It is also shown that ozone content varies little.
Verification of the INM RAS-MSU land surface scheme using temperature and moisture measurements in peat and mineral soils
Authors: Bogomolov V , Dyukarev E , Stepanenko V , Volodin E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Detailed monitoring of soil temperature provides a unique experimental material for studying the complex processes of heat transfer from the surface layer of the atmosphere to the soil. According to air temperature monitoring data, within each of the key areas there are no significant differences between the data of the observation sites. According to annual (2011-2018) observations of soil temperature, it has been found that the microclimatic properties of bog ecosystems clearly manifest themselves in the characteristics of daily and annual variations of soil temperature. The thickness of the seasonally frozen layer at all sites is 20-60 cm, and maximum freezing of the peat layer is reached in February-March. There is evidence of degradation of the seasonally frozen layer that occurs both from above and from below. It has been found that similar bog ecosystems in different bog massifs may have significantly different temperature regimes. The peat stratum of northern bogs may be both warmer (in winter) and colder (in summer), in comparison with some bogs located 520 km to the south and 860 km to the west.
Estimation of methane emissions from wetlands and most extreme fires in Western Siberia based on MACC / CAMS and GFED data
Authors: Antokhina O Yu , Antokhin P N , Martynova Yu V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMethane is an important greenhouse gas, and its atmospheric concentration has nearly tripled since pre-industrial times. This paper presents estimates of the strength of two primary sources of methane emissions in Western Siberia: wetlands emissions (WEs) and methane emissions from biomass burning (BBEs). The atmospheric circulation data used are from ECMWF Era-Interim, BBE – GFED (Global Fire Emissions Database) and CAMS GFAS (Global Fire Assimilation System), WE – MACC-III greenhouse gases inversions, v10_an. We have revealed that the highest BBE in Western Siberia (summer periods of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013) are accompanied by blocking in the atmosphere. We have also showed that there is a lag of 3-6 days between the beginning of the blocking and the periods of maximum BBE. Features of Rossby wave dynamics and blocking highs and ridges are examined as a possible reason for the lag. It turned out that the maximum BBE is commonly observed when a blocking high (or ridge) is shifted from Western to Eastern Siberia. The GFAS data demonstrate higher BBE than GFED (except for 2010). According to GFED, the average emission for all years is only 14.2% from WEs (the maximum emission is 35% (2012), and the minimum one, 2.2% (2007) from WEs). According to GFAS, the average emission for all years is 38.1% from WEs (the maximum emission is 127,4% (2012), and the minimum one, 6.1 (2010) % from WEs).
Analysis of the effects of climatic factors on flood peak formation
Authors: Bukovskiy M E , Semenova A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spring flooding is an annual significant overflow of water in the central Russia rivers. As a rule, the maximum flood levels in the Tambov region rivers are reached in the late March - early April. However, this parameter is very variable. Moreover, the maximum flood water level varies from year to year. In this paper, we study the effects of various climatic parameters on the spring flood peak formation. We consider the Tsna River (the Oka basin) near Tambov as the model object of our study. Using methods of multiple correlation analysis, we determine the most significant climatic factors which affect the maximum flood level. In the research, 16 climatic and hydrological parameters from 1970 to 2018 are analyzed. We assess the contribution of the various factors to flood wave formation by using multiple regression analysis. Using the analysis, we have identified the most significant flooding factors.
Bayesian approach to data assimilation based on ensembles of forecasts and observations
Authors: Klimova E G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Optimal assessment of geophysical fields with observational data and a mathematical model is a data assimilation problem. To solve it, a Bayesian approach is most often used. In the ensemble algorithms, ensembles of forecasts and observations are used to approximate the covariance matrices considered in the algorithm. If all probability densities are Gaussian, the problem is reduced to that of the ensemble Kalman filter. In the strongly non- Gaussian case, a particle method is used, which is based on a Bayesian approach. Ensembles are also used in this method. In the research devoted to the ensemble Kalman filter much attention is paid to deviation of ensemble elements from an average value – ensemble spread. In this paper, a comparative analysis of spread behavior over time when using different approaches to the improvement of the convergence of the algorithms is performed. The results of numerical experiments with a 1-dimensional test model are discussed. These results show that in stochastic filters the behavior over time of ensemble spread is close to the theoretical error estimate. Some of the approaches that improve convergence in the ensemble filter, such as additive inflation and multiplicative inflation, change the general formula for ensemble spread.
Structure and dynamics of zooplankton in lakes of the Tom river floodplain
Authors: Simakova A V , Baskayeva E N , Suslyaev V V , Blokhin A N , Interesovai E A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A study on zooplankton species composition, seasonal dynamic of numbers and biomass of three large floodplain’s lakes of the Tom River basin (near Tomsk, Western Siberia, Russia) during one year has been carried out. It has determined considerable transforming of qualitative and quantitative indicators of zooplankton communities during a year. The maximum qualitative indicators were registered in late spring and summer, the minimum ones – in winter. By the structure of zooplankton, the examined lakes water ecological status falls into class 1-2 of water quality (“moderately polluted” water). The most favourable conditions for zooplankton communities forming are in Boyarskoye and Shuchie lakes, the most unfavourable – in Kalmatskoe lake.
The distribution of Wolbachia pipientis strains in natural populations of Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Khrabrova Natalia V. , Sibataev Anuarbek K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Wolbachia is a group of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect and induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in a wide range of arthropods. Wolbachia species are involved and play a significant role in some evolutionary processes, e.g. those of rapid speciation. We have investigated the distribution of Wolbachia strains based upon the polymorphism of transposable element Tr1 and pk1 gene, in natural populations of the Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes from Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and Republic of Belarus.
Reconstruction experience of the wastewater treatment plant (Kargasok village, Tomsk region, Russia) using «constructed wetlands» technology
Authors: Polyakova O S , Semyonov S Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Considered wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), located in Kargasok village (Tomsk region (average annual temperature -1,5°C)) are intended for complete biological treatment of household and close to them in the composition of the industrial effluent of the village. The design capacity of treatment is 700 m3/day. Sewage treatment facilities, performed according to the standard project TP 902-2-154 (without sludge sites and chlorination site of treated effluents) in conditions of low temperature of wastewater and the existing system of their supply for treatment did not provide a significant reduction in the degree of contamination of the effluent. Thus, the maximum excess of permissible discharges was observed for ammonium (at 162.21 mg/dm3 from the approved standards). The activities carried out in 2005 (construction of the phytocard1 (FK1), a siphon outlet device leveling the hydraulic load on the phytocard1 (FK1) and preventing the breakthrough of floating substances from the aeration tanks into the secondary sedimentation tanks (VO)) significantly increased the efficiency of the WWTP. Achieved standards for intestinal microflora, in a discharge in the river Ob there are no parasites and coliphages. The average annual cleaning efficiency for suspended substances was at least 95%, for organic substances - at least 70%, for ammonium - at least 58%. The nitrification process was not observed. To clean the effluent from the remaining nitrogen, the construction of an additional phytocard (FC2) was required. It was possible to reach the standards for permissible discharge after the final treatment of effluents at FK2 only for suspended substances and BOD filled gas, for the remaining pollutants it was not possible to reach the standards. This is due to a violation of the design of the FK1 and incorrect construction work at the FK2, which did not allow the ice to be hung out at both the FK2 and FK1. Approaches to the reconstruction of the WWTP in Kargasok village can be used for similar objects.
Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Penicillium notatum and their application to improve efficiency of antibiotics
Authors: Ukkund Shareefraza J. , Raghavendra M. J. , Marigowda Yashawantha K. , Abhinaya N. , Puthyillam Prasad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanomaterials can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. The biological method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles have more advantage and gives high purity. Silver nanoparticles are having antibacterial properties and can be synthesized by any microbes and plants with minimal effort. The present study includes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from penicillium notatum which is well known producer of penicillium antibiotic. The produced nanoparticles of silver are then characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer for primary confirmation, XRD for structural analysis, FTIR for functional group, SEM, TEM and AFM for morphological analysis. The SEM and AFM results revealed that the size of silver nanoparticles were of range 55-65 nm. TEM result reveals the spherical shape of silver nanoparticles. Optimization of silver nanoparticles method is also performed to understand the maximum yield at specific substrate concentration, pH and salt concentration. The silver nanoparticles are then conjugated with six antibiotics for antibacterial activity by zone of inhibition method. The result indicated that silver nanoparticles increased the efficiency of streptomycin 2 fold and erythromycin by 3 fold.
Influence of SiC Powders on Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6 Joints by Friction Stir Welding Process
Authors: Mohamed Dulkiflee M , Varun Kumar A , Balasrinivasan M , Balachandar K , Siva Kumar C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a process of joining two similar or dissimilar materials by the application of heat generated between two contact surfaces. The main advantage of FSW is that during the welding process, the materials are joined with lesser heat and increased bond strength. However, there is a lot of scope for increasing the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weldments. Silicon Carbide (SiC) in powder form has an impact in the enhancement of mechanical and metallurgical properties. Hence, in the present work the influence of SiC powders on mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA 7075-T6 joints fabricated by single pass FSW was analysed. Totally 18 samples of friction stir welded aluminium alloy were taken, of which nine samples without SiC powders and the remaining with SiC powders. The samples were subjected to various tool speeds and traverse speeds keeping the axial force/load constant. The tool used for making the samples is high carbon steel D3 (heat treated to 58-60 HRC). During FSW process parent material gets mixed with the SiC powders due to severe stirring process in the nugget zone and powders will get distributed along the weld length. Microstructural study was conducted across various zones of welded samples (nugget zone, thermo mechanically affected zone, heat affected zone and unaffected base material) to understand the grain boundary behaviour. Scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) analysis was carried out in the nugget zone to determine the material flow due to stirring process and also to observe the deposition of SiC powders. Tensile strength for all the fabricated joints were evaluated and correlated with the microstructures, microhardness values of the weldments. Finally, the results of mechanical and metallurgical properties were compared with the weldments made without SiC powder and with SiC powder. It was observed that weldments made with SiC powders showed superior improvement of material behaviour in both mechanical and metallurgical properties.
Experimental Investigation of Wall Wetting Effect on Hydrocarbon Emission in Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Sumanth M N V R S S , Murugesan Sivanesan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In naturally aspirated Spark Ignition engine, about 60-80% of total unburned hydrocarbon emissions are produced during initial stage of vehicle operation under cold start or warm up condition. Wall wetting is predominant effect occurs in idle and part load conditions due to impingement or condensing of un-vaporized fuel droplets around the intake wall, combustion chamber liners and top of the piston. These deposits can cause incomplete combustion which will impact on increase in total hydrocarbon emissions. In this study, wall wetting parameters like fuel density, intake duct geometry, wall film thickness, wall film height, mixture preparation, fuel vaporization has been investigated theoretically by considering droplet evaporation and temperature model for cylinder wall film through mathematical equations. The main objective is to control equivalence ratio and to maintain surface temperature is the most effective way to reduce unburnt hydrocarbon emissions due to cold start wall wetting during steady state and transient conditions. This methodology was carried out on four stroke single cylinder Spark Ignition engine, where additives were used with gasoline fuel of different proportions which could intern reduce the intake and combustion chamber deposits during steady state and transient conditions. This experimental analysis was analyzed at different speed and load conditions. Based on these experimental results, Hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by nearly 40% in steady state and 30% in transient state. It is observed that, bi-fuel injection strategy can be implemented for injecting an ample amount of additive in to cylinder before compression stroke at 110 deg of crack angle during cold start, which it enhances the performance and emission characteristics furthermore.