bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrological and Geochronological Constraints on the Evolution of Charnockitic Rocks in the Massifs of Cauvery Shear Zone, Southern Granulite Terrain, India
Authors: Kar R. , Bhattacharya S. , Basei M. , Chaudhary A. K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cauvery shear zone of the southern granulite terrane, India, is sandwiched between the amphibolite to granulite transition zone in the north and the Neoproterozoic granulite belt in the south. Two massifs of this shear zone consist of charnockitic rocks of tonalitic to granodioritic composition and include hornblende-mafic granulite enclaves. Petrology and geochemistry clearly indicate dehydration partial melting of mafic rocks as the mode of origin of the charnockitic rocks. However, high MgO, Ni and Cr contents and negative Nb anomalies suggest some interaction with the mantle in a subduction zone environment. U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic data of zircons in mafic granulite enclave and charnockite-enderbite host rocks indicate ca. 2.5 Ga granulite-cum-anatectic event. Juvenile mafic magmatism at ca. 2.7 Ga could represent the precursor of the mafic granulites. With the chemical and isotopic evidence of subduction zone environment, the Cauvery shear zone could be appropriately described as a suture along which Archaean-Paleoproterozoic granulite terrain and Neoproterozoic granulite terrain had collided.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Tailor-Made Hydrocarbons from Organic Solvent Free Aqueous Fatty Acid Mixtures in a Micro Flow Reactor
Authors: Ziogas Athanassios , Pennemann Helmut , Kolb Gunther 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe process described in the current paper is an alternative route that allows running the Kolbe electrolysis under economically attractive conditions and thus bringing it closer to an industrial application through novel process conditions, novel reactor technology, and the utilization of low-cost excess renewable electricity. The process allows the conversion of fatty acids into hydrocarbons in aqueous electrolytes without applying organic solvents. Important process parameters such as electrode material costs, surface area, and energy requirements of an electrochemical reactor in MW scale have been calculated. Depending on the fatty acid mixtures chosen, tailor-made product equivalents of jet oil, lamp oil, and diesel fuels can be achieved at high Faraday efficiency and high conversion, yields, and selectivities.
Overcoming Barriers to Cross-cultural Cooperation in AI Ethics and Governance
Authors: ÓhÉigeartaigh Seán S. , Whittlestone Jess , Liu Yang , Zeng Yi , Liu Zhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAchieving the global benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) will require international cooperation on many areas of governance and ethical standards, while allowing for diverse cultural perspectives and priorities. There are many barriers to achieving this at present, including mistrust between cultures, and more practical challenges of coordinating across different locations. This paper focuses particularly on barriers to cooperation between Europe and North America on the one hand and East Asia on the other, as regions which currently have an outsized impact on the development of AI ethics and governance. We suggest that there is reason to be optimistic about achieving greater cross-cultural cooperation on AI ethics and governance. We argue that misunderstandings between cultures and regions play a more important role in undermining cross-cultural trust, relative to fundamental disagreements, than is often supposed. Even where fundamental differences exist, these may not necessarily prevent productive cross-cultural cooperation, for two reasons: (1) cooperation does not require achieving agreement on principles and standards for all areas of AI; and (2) it is sometimes possible to reach agreement on practical issues despite disagreement on more abstract values or principles. We believe that academia has a key role to play in promoting cross-cultural cooperation on AI ethics and governance, by building greater mutual understanding, and clarifying where different forms of agreement will be both necessary and possible. We make a number of recommendations for practical steps and initiatives, including translation and multilingual publication of key documents, researcher exchange programmes, and development of research agendas on cross-cultural topics.
Trustworthy isolation of DMA devices
Authors: Haglund Jonas , Guanciale Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a mechanism to trustworthy isolate I/O devices with direct memory access (DMA), which ensures that an isolated I/O device cannot access sensitive memory regions. As a demonstrating platform, we use the network interface controller (NIC) of an embedded system. We develop a run-time monitor that forces NIC reconfigurations, defined by untrusted software, to satisfy a security rule. We formalized the NIC in the HOL4 interactive theorem prover and we verified the design of the isolation mechanism. The verification is based on an invariant that is proved to be preserved by all NIC operations and that ensures that all memory accesses address allowed memory regions only. We demonstrate our approach by extending an existing Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) with the monitor. The resulting platform prevents code injection in a connected and untrusted Linux.
Rotational thromboelastometry parameters as predicting factors for bleeding in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Nguyen Tuan H. , Tran Tung T. , Hoang Thuy-Ha T. , Nguyen Thanh-Thang T. 
Published: May 2020

Objective/Background:
Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) often present with a severe reduction in platelet counts and suffer from an increased risk of bleeding. However, platelet counts do not accurately predict bleeding risk in these patients.

Methods:
We thereby conducted a case series prospective study to compare the ability to predict hemorrhage in ITP patients between platelet counts and various rotational thromboelas- tometry (ROTEM) parameters.

Results:
The inclusion criteria for patients diagnosed with acute, persistent, and chronic ITP were platelet counts of <30 × 109/L and no clinically significant bleeding (grade ≥ 2 according to the WHO Bleeding Scale) at the beginning of the study. After 24 hours of follow-up, of the 45 enrolled patients, 14 (31.1%) experienced clinically significant bleeding. The mean platelet counts of patients with and without clinically significant bleeding were not statistically different (p = .09). However, the mean EXTEM maximum clot firmness (MCF), EXTEM A10, EXTEM area under the curve (AUC), and platelet maximum clot elasticity (MCE) values of the two groups were statistically different (p < .05). There was also a significant difference in IPF values between these two groups (p < .05).

Conclusion:
Results obtained from this preliminary study demonstrate that ROTEM parameters might be useful in predicting factors for hemorrhage in ITP patients. Future studies with a larger sample size is warranted to confirm our findings, which will allow prompt and effective bleeding management in ITP patients.
Placebo statements in list experiments: Evidence from a face-to-face survey in Singapore
Authors: Riambau Guillem , Ostwald Kai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractList experiments are a widely used survey technique for estimating the prevalence of socially sensitive attitudes or behaviors. Their design, however, makes them vulnerable to bias: because treatment group respondents see a greater number of items (J + 1) than control group respondents (J), the treatment group mean may be mechanically inflated due simply to the greater number of items. The few previous studies that directly examine this do not arrive at definitive conclusions. We find clear evidence of inflation in an original dataset, though only among respondents with low educational attainment. Furthermore, we use available data from previous studies and find similar heterogeneous patterns. The evidence of heterogeneous effects has implications for the interpretation of previous research using list experiments, especially in developing world contexts. We recommend a simple solution: using a necessarily false placebo statement for the control group equalizes list lengths, thereby protecting against mechanical inflation without imposing costs or altering interpretations.
Impacts of resonant magnetic perturbations on edge carbon transport and emission on EAST with EMC3-EIRENE modelling
Authors: Dai S. Y. , Zhang H. M. , Lyu B. , Wang L. , Feng Y. , Wang Z. X. , Wang D. Z. 
Published: May 2020

The modelling of edge carbon transport and emission on EAST tokamak under resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields has been conducted with the three-dimensional edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE. The measured vertical distribution of CVI emission by the extreme ultraviolet spectrometer system for the perturbed case shows a reduction in the CVI emission by 20 % compared to the equilibrium case. The chord-integrated CVI emission can be reconstructed by EMC3-EIRENE modelling, which presents an increase in the CVI emission with RMP fields. The discrepancy between experiments and simulations has been investigated by parameter study to examine the sensitivity of the simulation results on the edge plasma conditions and the impurity perpendicular transport. It is found that the variation of edge plasma conditions for the equilibrium case cannot resolve the discrepancy in the CVI emission between simulations and measurements. The simulations with enhanced impurity perpendicular transport coefficient allows a reasonable agreement with the measured reduction of CVI emission.
Partial inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity stimulates the nuclear maturation progression of bovine cumulus–oocyte complex in vitro in the presence of hemisections of the follicular walls
Authors: Dubeibe Diego Fernando , Caldas-Bussiere Maria Clara , Maciel Valter Luiz , Sampaio Wlaisa , Gonçalves Paulo B.D. , De Cesaro Matheus P. , Quirino Celia Raquel , Faes Márcia R. , Paes de Carvalho Carla S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the effects of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on events that modulate bovine in vitro oocyte maturation. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured with hemisections (HSs) of the follicular walls in a maturation medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.1–10.0 mM) of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME). Controls consisted of COCs cultured in the presence (+HSs) or absence of HSs (–HSs) with no additional l-NAME supplementation. The following parameters were assessed: oocyte nuclear maturation stage; cumulus cell (CC) membrane integrity; nitrate/nitrite, progesterone, and estradiol concentrations in the culture medium at 22 h of cultivation; and the concentrations of cGMP and cAMP in COCs during the first hour of maturation. The addition of 1.0 mM l-NAME increased the percentage of oocytes that reached metaphase II (MII) and the percentage of intact CCs (P < 0.05). All l-NAME concentrations reduced the nitrate/nitrite concentrations (P < 0.05), but none affected steroid concentrations compared with control +HSs (P > 0.05). The addition of 1.0 mM l-NAME reduced cGMP concentrations at 3 h and increased cAMP concentrations in the first hour of culture (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the NOS/NO/cGMP pathway participates in meiosis progression (MI to MII) of the bovine oocytes matured in vitro in the presence of hemisections of the follicular walls. Lastly, the mechanisms that lead to the progression of meiosis after NOS inhibition do not involve changes in steroid production.
Beyond Quietism: Party Institutionalisation, Salafism, and the Economy
Authors: Cavatorta Francesco , Resta Valeria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBreaking with a long tradition of political quietism, many Salafis in Tunisia and Egypt decided to found political parties and participate in competitive elections after the collapse of the regime. In doing so, they had to present a political program to voters, including policy proposals on economic issues. The article examines how Salafi parties dealt with economic policy-making and finds that they reluctantly engaged with it, offering contradictory and naïve policies meant to pander to the electorate. Policy-making preferences and positions on economic issues are employed to look at the degree of party institutionalization Salafi parties have.
Separately-designable diplexer with multiple transmission zeroes using common stub-loaded SIR
Authors: Zhang Yu-Jing , Cai Jing , Chen Jian-Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA separately-designable diplexer with multiple transmission zeroes (TZs) using common stub-loaded stepped impedance resonator (SIR) is proposed. The common stub-loaded SIR operating in third harmonic (f3) and fifth harmonic (f5) is used for designing the two diplexer channels. The stub is loaded at the voltage-null point of f3 of the SIR. It can separately control f5 but has no effect on f3 so that the two channels can be separately designed. Meanwhile, the input port is tap-connected to the common stub-loaded SIR, which necessarily produces a TZ between f3 and f5, existing in both channel filtering responses. By properly choosing coupling schemes of the two channels, more TZs are realized at the desired locations. Thanks to the generation of the multiple TZs, both passband selectivity and isolation between the two channels are improved significantly. For demonstration, a diplexer operating at 2.22 and 2.95 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results are presented, showing good agreement.
Analog and Numerical Experiments of Double Subduction Systems With Opposite Polarity in Adjacent Segments
Authors: Peral Mireia , Ruh Jonas , Zlotnik Sergio , Funiciello Francesca , Fernàndez Manel , Vergés Jaume , Gerya Taras 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work we study the dynamics of double subduction systems with opposite polarity in adjacent segments. A combined approach of numerical and analog experiments allows us to compare results and exploit the strengths of both methodologies. High‐resolution numerical experiments complement laboratory results by providing quantities difficult to measure in the laboratory such as stress state, flow patterns, and energy dissipation. Results show strong asymmetries in the mantle flow that produce in turn asymmetries in the trench and in the downgoing slab deformation. The mantle flow pattern varies with time; the toroidal cells between the plates evolve until merging into one unique cell when the trenches align. In that moment the maximum upward flow is observed close to the trenches. The interaction between the mantle flow produced by each subducting plate makes the rollback processes slower than in a single subduction case. This is consistent with the observed energy dissipation rate that is smaller in the double subduction system than in two single subductions. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis on the setup and boundary conditions required to numerically reproduce the analog experiments. Boundary conditions at the bottom of the domain are crucial to reproduce their analog counterparts. Numerical results are compared to natural examples of multi‐slab subduction systems in terms of upper mantle seismic anisotropy, relative trench retreat velocities, and composition of subduction‐related magmatism.
Strategies to approach high performance in Cr3+-doped phosphors for high-power NIR-LED light sources
Authors: Jia Zhenwei , Yuan Chenxu , Liu Yongfu , Wang Xiao-Jun , Sun Peng , Wang Lei , Jiang Haochuan , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBroadband near-infrared (NIR)-emitting phosphors are key for next-generation smart NIR light sources based on blue LEDs. To achieve excellent NIR phosphors, we propose a strategy of enhancing the crystallinity, modifying the micromorphology, and maintaining the valence state of Cr3+ in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 garnet (CSSG). By adding fluxes and sintering in a reducing atmosphere, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is greatly enhanced to 92.3%. The optimized CSSG:6%Cr3+ exhibits excellent thermal stability. At 150 °C, 97.4% of the NIR emission at room temperature can be maintained. The fabricated NIR-LED device emits a high optical power of 109.9 mW at 520 mA. The performances of both the achieved phosphor and the NIR-LED are almost the best results until now. The mechanism for the optimization is investigated. An application of the NIR-LED light source is demonstrated.
Staufen 1 amplifies proapoptotic activation of the unfolded protein response
Authors: Gandelman Mandi , Dansithong Warunee , Figueroa Karla P. , Paul Sharan , Scoles Daniel R. , Pulst Stefan M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStaufen-1 (STAU1) is an RNA-binding protein that becomes highly overabundant in numerous neurodegenerative disease models, including those carrying mutations in presenilin1 (PSEN1), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), huntingtin (HTT), TAR DNA-binding protein-43 gene (TARDBP), or C9orf72. We previously reported that elevations in STAU1 determine autophagy defects and its knockdown is protective in models of several neurodegenerative diseases. Additional functional consequences of STAU1 overabundance, however, have not been investigated. We studied the role of STAU1 in the chronic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases and often directly associated with neuronal death. Here we report that STAU1 is a novel modulator of the UPR, and is required for apoptosis induced by activation of the PERK–CHOP pathway. STAU1 levels increased in response to multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, and exogenous expression of STAU1 was sufficient to cause apoptosis through the PERK–CHOP pathway of the UPR. Cortical neurons and skin fibroblasts derived from Stau1−/− mice showed reduced UPR and apoptosis when challenged with thapsigargin. In fibroblasts from individuals with SCA2 or with ALS-causing TDP-43 and C9ORF72 mutations, we found highly increased STAU1 and CHOP levels in basal conditions, and STAU1 knockdown restored CHOP levels to normal. Taken together, these results show that STAU1 overabundance reduces cellular resistance to ER stress and precipitates apoptosis.
Dynamic reconfiguration of functional brain networks during working memory training
Authors: Finc Karolina , Bonna Kamil , He Xiaosong , Lydon-Staley David M. , Kühn Simone , Duch Włodzisław , Bassett Danielle S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe functional network of the brain continually adapts to changing environmental demands. The consequence of behavioral automation for task-related functional network architecture remains far from understood. We investigated the neural reflections of behavioral automation as participants mastered a dual n-back task. In four fMRI scans equally spanning a 6-week training period, we assessed brain network modularity, a substrate for adaptation in biological systems. We found that whole-brain modularity steadily increased during training for both conditions of the dual n-back task. In a dynamic analysis,we found that the autonomy of the default mode system and integration among task-positive systems were modulated by training. The automation of the n-back task through training resulted in non-linear changes in integration between the fronto-parietal and default mode systems, and integration with the subcortical system. Our findings suggest that the automation of a cognitively demanding task may result in more segregated network organization.
Oncogenic hijacking of a developmental transcription factor evokes vulnerability toward oxidative stress in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Marchetto Aruna , Ohmura Shunya , Orth Martin F. , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Colombo Maria V. , Arrigoni Chiara , Bardinet Victor , Saucier David , Wehweck Fabienne S. , Li Jing , Stein Stefanie , Gerke Julia S. , Baldauf Michaela C. , Musa Julian , Dallmayer Marlene , Romero-Pérez Laura , Hölting Tilman L. B. , Amatruda James F. , Cossarizza Andrea , Henssen Anton G. , Kirchner Thomas , Moretti Matteo , Cidre-Aranaz Florencia , Sannino Giuseppina , Grünewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEwing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive childhood cancer likely originating from mesenchymal stem cells or osteo-chondrogenic progenitors. It is characterized by fusion oncoproteins involving EWSR1 and variable members of the ETS-family of transcription factors (in 85% FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 can induce target genes by using GGAA-microsatellites as enhancers.Here, we show that EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks the developmental transcription factor SOX6 – a physiological driver of proliferation of osteo-chondrogenic progenitors – by binding to an intronic GGAA-microsatellite, which promotes EwS growth in vitro and in vivo. Through integration of transcriptome-profiling, published drug-screening data, and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including 3D and PDX models, we discover that constitutively high SOX6 expression promotes elevated levels of oxidative stress that create a therapeutic vulnerability toward the oxidative stress-inducing drug Elesclomol.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant activation of a developmental transcription factor by a dominant oncogene can promote malignancy, but provide opportunities for targeted therapy.
Integrated nano-optomechanical displacement sensor with ultrawide optical bandwidth
Authors: Liu Tianran , Pagliano Francesco , van Veldhoven René , Pogoretskiy Vadim , Jiao Yuqing , Fiore Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptical read-out of motion is widely used in sensing applications. Recent developments in micro- and nano-optomechanical systems have given rise to on-chip mechanical sensing platforms, potentially leading to compact and integrated optical motion sensors. However, these systems typically exploit narrow spectral resonances and therefore require tuneable lasers with narrow linewidth and low spectral noise, which makes the integration of the read-out extremely challenging. Here, we report a step towards the practical application of nanomechanical sensors, by presenting a sensor with ultrawide (∼80 nm) optical bandwidth. It is based on a nanomechanical, three-dimensional directional coupler with integrated dual-channel waveguide photodiodes, and displays small displacement imprecision of only 45 fm/Hz1/2 as well as large dynamic range (>30 nm). The broad optical bandwidth releases the need for a tuneable laser and the on-chip photocurrent read-out replaces the external detector, opening the way to fully-integrated nanomechanical sensors.
Synergy between the anthocyanin and RDR6/SGS3/DCL4 siRNA pathways expose hidden features of Arabidopsis carbon metabolism
Authors: Jiang Nan , Gutierrez-Diaz Aimer , Mukundi Eric , Lee Yun Sun , Meyers Blake C. , Otegui Marisa S. , Grotewold Erich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnthocyanin pigments furnish a powerful visual output of the stress and metabolic status of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Essential for pigment accumulation is TRANSPARENT TESTA19 (TT19), a glutathione S-transferase proposed to bind and stabilize anthocyanins, participating in their vacuolar sequestration, a function conserved across the flowering plants. Here, we report the identification of genetic suppressors that result in anthocyanin accumulation in the absence of TT19. We show that mutations in RDR6, SGS3, or DCL4 suppress the anthocyanin defect of tt19 by pushing carbon towards flavonoid biosynthesis. This effect is not unique to tt19 and extends to at least one other anthocyanin pathway gene mutant. This synergy between mutations in components of the RDR6-SGS3-DCL4 siRNA system and the flavonoid pathway reveals genetic/epigenetic mechanisms regulating metabolic fluxes.