bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Chemistry and SAXS Studies of an Octahedral Polyoxoarsenotungstate Nanocluster Encapsulating Four Unprecedented Thorium Arsenate Fragments ({Th3As2On} – n = 25 or 26)
Authors: Dufaye Maxime , Duval Sylvain , Stoclet Grégory , Loiseau Thierry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Sylvain Duval, Associate Professor in the group of Thierry Loiseau from Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. The cover image shows the behavior of a thorium‐containing polyoxometalate upon dissolution in water, monitored by SAXS analysis.
Simultaneous mitigation of 4(5)‐methylimidazole, acrylamide, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural in ammonia biscuits by supplementing with food hydrocolloids
Authors: Mousa Rasha M. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the current work, methodological approach for the incorporation of food hydrocolloids gum Arabic (GA), pectin, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in biscuit dough was firstly investigated to mitigate simultaneously the formation of 4(5)‐methylimidazole (4(5)‐MI), acrylamide (AA), and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) in ammonia biscuits. Results revealed that the percent inhibition of 4(5)‐MI was ranged from 50.5% to 89.9% by increasing the GA amount from 0.01 g to 0.05 g, respectively. Furthermore, the use of 0.05 g GA reduced significantly AA content up to 58.6% compared to the control biscuits. Moreover, the highest inhibition of 5‐HMF with 74% depression was achieved by 0.05 g GA. Reasons could be referred to the formation of GA layer on the surface of biscuits. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscope and water loss analysis. Additionally, browning intensity and sensory analysis showed that the supplementation with GA had preserved the quality and consumers’ overall acceptability of ammonia biscuits.
Thalamic nuclei in frontotemporal dementia: Mediodorsal nucleus involvement is universal but pulvinar atrophy is unique to C9orf72
Authors: Bocchetta Martina , Iglesias Juan E. , Neason Mollie , Cash David M. , Warren Jason D. , Rohrer Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThalamic atrophy is a common feature across all forms of FTD but little is known about specific nuclei involvement. We aimed to investigate in vivo atrophy of the thalamic nuclei across the FTD spectrum. A cohort of 402 FTD patients (age: mean(SD) 64.3(8.2) years; disease duration: 4.8(2.8) years) was compared with 104 age‐matched controls (age: 62.5(10.4) years), using an automated segmentation of T1‐weighted MRIs to extract volumes of 14 thalamic nuclei. Stratification was performed by clinical diagnosis (180 behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), 85 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), 114 nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), 15 PPA not otherwise specified (PPA‐NOS), and 8 with associated motor neurone disease (FTD‐MND), genetic diagnosis (27 MAPT, 28 C9orf72, 18 GRN), and pathological confirmation (37 tauopathy, 38 TDP‐43opathy, 4 FUSopathy). The mediodorsal nucleus (MD) was the only nucleus affected in all FTD subgroups (16–33% smaller than controls). The laterodorsal nucleus was also particularly affected in genetic cases (28–38%), TDP‐43 type A (47%), tau‐CBD (44%), and FTD‐MND (53%). The pulvinar was affected only in the C9orf72 group (16%). Both the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei were also affected in the genetic cases (10–20%), particularly the LGN in C9orf72 expansion carriers. Use of individual thalamic nuclei volumes provided higher accuracy in discriminating between FTD groups than the whole thalamic volume. The MD is the only structure affected across all FTD groups. Differential involvement of the thalamic nuclei among FTD forms is seen, with a unique pattern of atrophy in the pulvinar in C9orf72 expansion carriers.
Demographic transition and economic growth: Evidence from China and United States
Authors: Ye Liping , Zhang Xinping , Geng Jiangbo 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn the context of todays ageing population, this paper uses the connectedness network model proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz in 2014 to analyse the directionality and degree of interaction between the population ageing index, life expectancy, per capita gross domestic product, and per capita health expenditure from a systematic perspective for China; then, these results from China are compared with the United States. A number of new findings can be identified, as follows: (1) for China and the United States, economic growth may promote the growth of health expenditure and increased life expectancy may cause an increase in the ageing population; (2) China's population age structure has already led to some constraints on economic growth, whereas the United StatesUS's population age structure has had a weak impact on its economic growth; and (3) the ageing population structure for China has a net impact on per capita health expenditure, whereas no such net directional impact was found in the United States. These findings support the idea that policy synergies should be strengthened in the economic, social, and health fields in order to promote both the quality of life of the ageing population and the sustainable development of the economy.
Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites
Authors: Cole Kimberly A. , Funk Grahmm A. , Rahaman Mohamed N. , McIff Terence E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBorate bioactive glass 13‐93B3 converts into an osteoconductive hydroxyapatite‐like material in a liquid medium. In this study, 13‐93B3 was incorporated into a commercial PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) bone cement, and the conversion of the glass into a precipitate in solution was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (spectroscopy)—attenuated total reflection, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Glass particles of 5, 33, and 100 μm diameter were each mixed with the PMMA cement to create 20, 30, and 40% glass‐loaded composites. Precipitate formation was found to be a calcium‐deficient apatite partially substituted with magnesium ions that resembles native bone material and would ideally encourage bone growth better than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. Composites of bone cement and 13‐93B3 show promise as a means of encouraging bone attachment to the surface of the bone cement.
SNHG16 as the miRNA let‐7b‐5p sponge facilitates the G2/M and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by regulating CDC25B and HMGA2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Shengguang , Peng Fujun , Ning Yichong , Jiang Peng , Peng Jian , Ding Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian , Jiang Taijiao , Xiang Shuanglin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) for regulating the cell cycle and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain elusive. In this study, SNHG16 expression profiles of HCC tissues or cell lines were compared with those of normal tissues or hepatocyte cell line. The effect of SNHG16 knockdown in HCC cell lines was investigated by using in vitro loss‐of‐function experiments and in vivo nude mouse experiments. The potential molecular regulatory mechanism of SNHG16 in HCC progression was investigated by using mechanistic experiments and rescue assays. The results revealed that SNHG16 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, which predicted poor prognosis of HCC patients. On one hand, the downregulation of SNHG16 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, inducing cell apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation. On the other hand, it inhibited cell metastasis and EMT progression demonstrated by in vitro loss‐of‐function cell experiments. Besides, knockdown of SNHG16 increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin. For the detailed mechanism, SNHG16 was demonstrated to act as a let‐7b‐5p sponge in HCC. SNHG16 facilitated the G2/M cell cycle transition by directly acting on the let‐7b‐5p/CDC25B/CDK1 axis, and promoted cell metastasis and EMT progression by regulating the let‐7b‐5p/HMGA2 axis in HCC. In addition, the mechanism of SNHG16 for regulating HCC cell proliferation and metastasis was further confirmed in vivo by mouse experiments. Furthermore, these results can provide new insights into HCC treatment and its molecular pathogenesis, which may enlighten the further research of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC.
In vitro knock‐out of miR‐155 suppresses leukemic and HCV virus loads in pediatric HCV‐4–associated acute lymphoid leukemia: A promising target therapy
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , El‐Khazragy Nashwa , Elshimy Amal A. , Aboelhussein Marwa M. , Saleh Shereen A. , Fadel Sayed , Atia Hend A. , Matbouly Safa , Tamer Natalie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem, having a high prevalence in Egypt. Leukemia and lymphoma have been associated with HCV infection. MicroRNA‐155 (miR‐155) has been reported to play a regulatory role in cancer, inflammation, and immune response to infection. The expression level of miR‐155 in HCV viremic patients is controversial; although high miR‐155 levels were demonstrated in HCV genotypes 1,2, and 3, low levels of miR‐155 were detected in Egyptian patients with HCV genotype 4. Several studies have investigated the correlation between the levels of miRNA‐155 and the replication of HCV, others have evaluated miRNA‐155 as a prognostic biomarker in different types of cancer. No studies have investigated the impact of miRNA‐155 knockdown on HCV pediatric patients associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We knocked‐out the miR_155a in cultured polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 60 children with ALL; 30 were associated with HCV‐4 infection and 30 were HCV negative. The miR_155a, HCV viral load, and cell proliferation werre assessed in treated and untreated cells using TaqMan assay quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that miRNA‐155 was significantly upregulated by seven folds in the HCV‐4 associated ALL group; while being linked to high HCV viral load and leukemic burden, miR_155a knock‐out can improve the disease outcome. We conclude that miR‐155 is a critical miRNA that is considered a therapeutic target in pediatric HCV leukemic patients.
Vibration of osteoblastic cells using a novel motion‐control platform does not acutely alter cytosolic calcium, but desensitizes subsequent responses to extracellular ATP
Authors: Lorusso Daniel , Nikolov Hristo N. , Holdsworth David W. , Dixon S. Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLow‐magnitude high‐frequency mechanical vibration induces biological responses in many tissues. Like many cell types, osteoblasts respond rapidly to certain forms of mechanostimulation, such as fluid shear, with transient elevation in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i). However, it is not known whether vibration of osteoblastic cells also induces acute elevation in [Ca2+]i. To address this question, we built a platform for vibrating live cells that is compatible with microscopy and microspectrofluorometry, enabling us to observe immediate responses of cells to low‐magnitude high‐frequency vibrations. The horizontal vibration system was mounted on an inverted microscope, and its mechanical performance was evaluated using optical tracking and accelerometry. The platform was driven by a sinusoidal signal at 20–500 Hz, producing peak accelerations from 0.1 to 1 g. Accelerometer‐derived displacements matched those observed optically within 10%. We then used this system to investigate the effect of acceleration on [Ca2+]iin rodent osteoblastic cells. Cells were loaded with fura‐2, and [Ca2+]iwas monitored using microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence ratio imaging. No acute changes in [Ca2+]ior cell morphology were detected in response to vibration over the range of frequencies and accelerations studied. However, vibration did attenuate Ca2+transients generated subsequently by extracellular ATP, which activates P2 purinoceptors and has been implicated in mechanical signaling in bone. In summary, we developed and validated a motion‐control system capable of precisely delivering vibrations to live cells during real‐time microscopy. Vibration did not elicit acute elevation of [Ca2+]i, but did desensitize responses to later stimulation with ATP.
MicroRNA‐497 functions as an inflammatory suppressor via targeting DDX3Y and modulating toll‐like receptor 4/NF‐κB in cigarette smoke extract‐stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Jia Rong , Zhao Xiao‐Fei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the biological effect of miR‐497 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐damaged human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsMiR‐497 mimic was transfected into HBE cells to up‐regulate miR‐497 expression. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE, 20 μg/mL) was utilized to treat HBE cells to form the injury model. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. DDX3Y mRNA expression was determined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR‐497 and DDX3Y was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. Protein expression levels were tested by western blotting.ResultsCSE treatment decreased miR‐497 level in HBE cells. CSE exposure restrained cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the relative expression of TLR4 and p‐NF‐κB p65. DDX3Y was predicted as a target of miR‐497. The mRNA and protein expression of DDX3Y was negatively modulated by miR‐497 in CSE‐injured HBE cells. Up‐regulation of miR‐497 by miR‐497 mimic increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis in CSE‐treated HBE cells, which were rescued by DDX3Y high expression in CSE‐treated HBE cells. Consistently, Bcl‐2 protein level was heightened, whereas Bax and actived caspase‐3/9 protein levels were decreased by miR‐497 mimic in CSE‐stimulated HBE cells, which was reversed by DDX3Y over‐expression in CSE‐stimulated HBE cells. The relative expression of TLR4 and p‐NF‐κB p65 was decreased by miR‐497 mimic, whereas they were rescued by DDX3Y over‐expression in CSE‐damaged HBE cells.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate that up‐regulation of miR‐497 exhibits a protective effect on CSE‐damaged HBE cells, which might be achieved by targeting DDX3Y and regulating the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.
In vivo uterine local gene delivery system using TAT‐displaying bionanocapsules
Authors: Koizumi Kaori , Nakamura Hitomi , Iijima Masumi , Matsuzaki Takashi , Somiya Masaharu , Kumasawa Keiichi , Kimura Tadashi , Kuroda Shun'ichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe uterus is an organ that is directly accessible via the transvaginal route, whereas the drug delivery system and the gene delivery system (GDS) for the uterus are very limited, even in animal models. In the present study, we optimized a bionanocapsule (BNC) comprising a hepatitis B virus envelope L‐protein particle, for which a structurally similar particle has been used as an immunogen of a conventional HB vaccine worldwide for more than 30 years, as a local uterine GDS using a mouse model.MethodsTo display various antibodies for re‐targeting to different cells other than hepatic cells, the pre‐S1 region of BNC was replaced with a tandem form of the protein A‐derived immunoglobulin G Fc‐interacting region (Z domain, ZZ‐BNC). To induce strong cell adhesion after local administration into the uterine cavity, ZZ‐BNC was modified with a transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide.ResultsGene transfer using TAT‐modified ZZ‐BNC is approximately 5000‐ or 18‐fold more efficient than the introduction of the same dose of naked DNAs or the use of the cationic liposomes, respectively. TAT‐modified ZZ‐BNC was rapidly eliminated from the uterus and had no effect on the pregnancy rate, litter size or fetal growth.ConclusionsTAT‐modified ZZ‐BNC could be a useful GDS for uterine endometrial therapy via local uterine injection.
An improved preparation of [18F]AV‐45 by simplified solid‐phase extraction purification
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Zhang Aili , Yao Xinyue , Zhang Yan , Liu Futao , Hong Haiyan , Zha Zhihao , Liu Yajing , Wu Zehui , Qiao Jinping , Zhu Lin , Kung Hank F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmyvid (florbetapir f18, [18F]AV‐45, [18F]5) was the first FDA‐approved positron emission tomography imaging agent targeting β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques for assisting the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. This work aimed to improve the [18F]AV‐45 ([18F]5) preparation by using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) purification. [18F]AV‐45 ([18F]5) was synthesized by direct nucleophilic radiofluorination of O‐tosylated precursor (1 mg) at 120°C in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), followed by acid hydrolysis of the N‐Boc protecting group. Purification was accomplished by loading the crude reaction mixture to a cartridge (Oasis HLB 3 cc) and eluting with different combinations of solvents. This method removed the chemical impurity while leaving [18F]AV‐45 ([18F]5) on the cartridge. The final dose was eluted by ethanol. [18F]AV‐45 ([18F]5) was produced within 51 minutes (radiochemical yield 42.7 ± 5.9%, decay corrected, n = 3), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. Total chemical impurity per batch (24.1 ± 2.7 μg per batch) was below the limit described in the package insert of Amyvid, florbetapir f18 (chemical mass: less than 50 μg/dose). In summary, [18F]AV‐45 ([18F]5) was produced efficiently and reproducibly using a cartridge‐based SPE purification. This method brings the process closer for routine preparation, similar to the commercially used [18F]FDG.
High‐resolution ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry of isomeric/isobaric ribonucleotide variants
Authors: Kenderdine Thomas , Nemati Reza , Baker Andrew , Palmer Martin , Ujma Jakub , FitzGibbon Molly , Deng Limin , Royzen Maksim , Langridge James , Fabris Daniele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this report, we explored the benefits of cyclic ion mobility (cIM) mass spectrometry in the analysis of isomeric post‐transcriptional modifications of RNA. Standard methyl‐cytidine samples were initially utilized to test the ability to correctly distinguish different structures sharing the same elemental composition and thus molecular mass. Analyzed individually, the analytes displayed characteristic arrival times (tD) determined by the different positions of the modifying methyl groups onto the common cytidine scaffold. Analyzed in mixture, the widths of the respective signals resulted in significant overlap that initially prevented their resolution on the tD scale. The separation of the four isomers was achieved by increasing the number of passes through the cIM device, which enabled to fully differentiate the characteristic ion mobility behaviors associated with very subtle structural variations. The placement of the cIM device between the mass‐selective quadrupole and the time‐of‐flight analyzer allowed us to perform gas‐phase activation of each of these ion populations, which had been first isolated according to a common mass‐to‐charge ratio and then separated on the basis of different ion mobility behaviors. The observed fragmentation patterns confirmed the structures of the various isomers thus substantiating the benefits of complementing unique tD information with specific fragmentation data to reach more stringent analyte identification. These capabilities were further tested by analyzing natural mono‐nucleotide mixtures obtained by exonuclease digestion of total RNA extracts. In particular, the combination of cIM separation and post‐mobility dissociation allowed us to establish the composition of methyl‐cytidine and methyl‐adenine components present in the entire transcriptome of HeLa cells. For this reason, we expect that this technique will benefit not only epitranscriptomic studies requiring the determination of identity and expression levels of RNA modifications, but also metabolomics investigations involving the analysis of natural extracts that may possibly contain subsets of isomeric/isobaric species.
Prevalence and protective factors of HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men in Northwest China
Authors: Wang Lirong , Santella Anthony J. , Wei Xiaoli , Zhuang Guihua , Li Hengxin , Zhang Hailan , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Yalan , Zheng Haichao , Zhou Anqin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately impacted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis in China. Little is known about HIV and syphilis infections among MSM in Xi'an, a developing city in Northwest China. A cross‐sectional study with recruitment via snowball sampling was conducted to collect HIV and syphilis infection status and risk factors among MSM in Xi'an between April 2013 to December 2016. Among the 5000 participants, the mean age was 29.0 years (SD 7.7) and the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and coinfection was 6.5%, 2.2%, and 0.4%, respectively. There was no significant change in HIV prevalence from 2013 to 2016, while the prevalence of syphilis and coinfection showed a downward trend. Multiple logistic regression analyses found that being over 25 years old (OR = 1.647), junior high school/middle school education and below (OR = 3.085), with a sexual role of passive or versatile (OR = 3.300; OR = 2.337), rush poppers use during the last 6 months (OR = 1.660) and syphilis infection (OR = 2.235) were more likely to acquire HIV infection, whereas used condoms in the last episode of anal sex (OR = 0.572) and tested HIV antibody previously (OR = 0.252) were protective factors for HIV infection. HIV prevalence among MSM in Xi'an was stable, whereas the prevalence of syphilis and coinfection showed a downward trend. Interventions to promote HIV and sexually transmitted disease testing and condom use should be strengthened, especially for MSM with low education.
The papillomavirus E5 gene does not affect EGFR transcription and overall survival in cervical cancer
Authors: Basto Diogo Lisbôa , Chaves Cláudia Bessa Pereira , Felix Shayany Pinto , Amaro‐Filho Sérgio Menezes , Vieira Valdimara Corrêa , Martins Luís Felipe Leite , de Carvalho Neile Alves , Almeida Liz Maria , Moreira Miguel Ângelo Martins 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe human papillomavirus (HPV) E5 gene encodes a small and highly hydrophobic oncoprotein that affects immune evasion, cell proliferation, loss of apoptotic capacity and angiogenesis in tumors. E5 shows an affinity for biological membranes and was associated with an increase of epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF/EGFR) signaling through the accumulation of EGFR in cellular membranes. Due to the frequent integration of the HPV genome into the host cell genome, E5 is frequently not transcribed in cervical tumors.AimIn this study we looked forward to verifying whether the potential expression of E5 protein in human papillomavirus 16 positive (HPV16+) and human papillomavirus 18 positive (HPV18+) cervical tumors was associated with levels of EGFR and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) transcription and with patients overall survival.ResultsAssociation between the presence of E5 transcripts and viral genome disruption was observed for HPV16+ and HPV18+ tumors. Association was not observed between tumors potentially capable of translating E5 and EGFR or VEGFA transcriptional levels. Similarly, the capability of translating E5 and overall survival in patients with HPV16+ squamous cell carcinoma tumors stage ≥ IB2 were not associated.ConclusionThe likely presence of E5 transcripts was neither associated to a higher activity of the EGFR‐VEGFA pathway nor to the overall survival of patients with HPV16+ squamous cell carcinoma in stages ≥ IB2.