bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental metatranscriptomics reveals the costs and benefits of dissolved organic matter photo‐alteration for freshwater microbes
Authors: Nalven Sarah G. , Ward Collin P. , Payet Jérôme P. , Cory Rose M. , Kling George W. , Sharpton Thomas J. , Sullivan Christopher M. , Crump Byron C. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMicrobes and sunlight convert terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters to greenhouse gases. Prior studies show contrasting results about how biological and photochemical processes interact to contribute to the degradation of DOM. In this study, DOM leached from the organic layer of tundra soil was exposed to natural sunlight or kept in the dark, incubated in the dark with the natural microbial community, and analysed for gene expression and DOM chemical composition. Microbial gene expression (metatranscriptomics) in light and dark treatments diverged substantially after 4 h. Gene expression suggested that sunlight exposure of DOM initially stimulated microbial growth by (i) replacing the function of enzymes that degrade higher molecular weight DOM such as enzymes for aromatic carbon degradation, oxygenation, and decarboxylation, and (ii) releasing low molecular weight compounds and inorganic nutrients from DOM. However, growth stimulation following sunlight exposure of DOM came at a cost. Sunlight depleted the pool of aromatic compounds that supported microbial growth in the dark treatment, ultimately causing slower growth in the light treatment over 5 days. These first measurements of microbial metatranscriptomic responses to photo‐alteration of DOM provide a mechanistic explanation for how sunlight exposure of terrigenous DOM alters microbial processing and respiration of DOM.
Citizens' Attitudes Towards Municipal Mergers – Individual‐level Explanations
Authors: Strandberg Kim , Lindell Marina 
Published: June 2020

Municipal mergers are one of the most common reforms of jurisdiction size. While there are many studies of municipal mergers at the contextual level and some about how mergers affect opinions, studies of how individual citizens regard prospective mergers are still scarce. Thus, we study why citizens have different opinions on prospective mergers that are yet to be decided on. Specifically, the factors of main interest in this study are political efficacy and political trust since these relate to how citizens make sense of the complex and uncertain reforms that municipal mergers are. To study this, we disseminated a population survey (N = 6,686) in the Finnish municipality of Korsholm in 2018. At that time, a merger was planned with the neighboring city of Vaasa. This merger was surrounded by a very heated debate, mainly due to the fact that the merger would have affected the position of language minorities (a very salient issue in bilingual Finland) whereby the Swedish‐speaking majority in Korsholm would become a minority in a merged new municipality. Using regression analyses where internal‐ and external political efficacy and political trust are tested as predictors of opinions on this proposed merger, with control for demographic, socio‐economic and social factors, the study demonstrates that external efficacy and political trust have independent significant impact on citizens' opinions on mergers. The findings also show that salient issues connected to mergers are important factors as are social factors.
Patients with mental health conditions in the emergency department: Why so long a wait?
Authors: Sweeny Amy , Keijzers Gerben , O'Dwyer John , Stapelberg Nicolas CJ , Crilly Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients presenting with a mental health disorder (MHD) wait longer in the ED compared to those presenting for other reasons, potentially placing vulnerable patients at further risk for deterioration. The present study identified factors associated with a long ED stay for patients with a MHD.MethodsLinked ambulance, emergency, pathology, imaging and admission data for an 18‐month period were analysed for ED presentations diagnosed with an MHD ICD‐10 at a large teaching hospital. Admissions and discharges were considered separately; a long ED stay was defined as the 90th percentile length of stay. Multivariable generalised linear models were built, identifying predictors of a long ED stay for presentations diagnosed with a MHD.ResultsThe sample comprised 1163 admissions and 2242 discharges. For admissions, significant predictors for long ED stay were investigations (pathology or imaging tests), a triage score of 1 or 2, arrival out‐of‐hours (18.00–05.59 hours) and arrival by ambulance. For discharges, significant predictors of a long ED stay were investigations (pathology or imaging tests), arrival out‐of‐hours, arrival by ambulance and increasing age.ConclusionsSome factors predictive of a long ED stay for patients presenting to the ED and diagnosed with a MHD varied based on their disposition. For admissions, the most urgent presentations were likely to stay longest. Strategies to reduce ED stay for both admissions and discharges should consider addressing modifiable aspects, including the need for certain investigations, and non‐modifiable aspects, including the need for further access to after‐hours mental health services in hospital and in the community.
How does regret affect investor behaviour? Evidence from Chinese stock markets
Authors: Deuskar Prachi , Pan Deng , Wu Fei , Zhou Hongfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing a unique dataset from Chinese stock markets, we quantify the actual effect regret has upon investors’ stock trading behaviour. We find that experienced regret over the type of order placed last time affects the type of order an investor subsequently places. The effect is stronger following an action rather than inaction, loss on the prior order, and an unusual order strategy for the investor. Regret‐based decisions appear to be suboptimal since they experience poor performance. These results are consistent with the predictions of regret theory, but not that of rational learning as an explanation.
Implementing changes to cervical screening: A qualitative study with health professionals
Authors: Dodd Rachael H. , Obermair Helena M. , McCaffery Kirsten J. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundProfound changes were made to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program in December 2017, which included a reduction in the frequency of screening and a new cervical screening test.AimTo explore the attitudes and experiences of health professionals practising in Australia since implementation of these changes.Materials and MethodsThirty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners, obstetricians and gynaecologists, pathologists and nurses involved in cervical screening Australia‐wide. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsOverall, health professionals had positive attitudes toward the changes but described many challenges associated with their implementation. Participants discussed practical system challenges, communication and education, finding ways around the guidelines and other perceived ‘collateral’. Practical system challenges included increased colposcopy referrals, limited access to the National Cancer Screening Register, a complex primary screening approach, and issues with self‐collection. In terms of communication and education, limited public education was recognised, in addition to challenges with particular age groups of women. Finding ways around the guidelines were described, for example over‐referring women for co‐testing by stating symptoms, which could lead to overtreatment. Other perceived collateral were demonstrated through reduced opportunistic screening opportunities due to less frequent primary care presentations, and concern over the potential for further underscreening in already under‐screened populations.ConclusionsThese findings provide insight into the challenges health professionals face with renewing programs, in terms of practical issues and unexpected downstream effects which need to be addressed to ensure future implementation of the program is streamlined.
Classifying Like a State: Land Dispossession on Eastern Crete’s Contested Mountains
Authors: Korfiati Ioanna P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread attention to capital investments in land and property around the globe, the active re‐regulating role of the neoliberal state in processes of “accumulation by dispossession” remains underexplored. Through an in‐depth look at the dispossession of highly fragmented and loosely regulated private land for windfarm investments on Crete’s eastern corner, Sitia, this paper re‐affirms the political nature of the forcible appropriation of land for large‐scale investments; dissects the specific mechanisms in which the state dispossesses land on behalf of investors and promotes the forcible appropriation of land from below; and problematises the dialectic relationship of both rupture and continuity between crisis and inherited, path‐dependent relations embedded in land. The transformation of Sitia’s loosely regulated, informal relations on land is made possible through the mobilisation of the state’s bureaucratic and normalising powers, which redefine the concept of forest and dispossess through classifying land as such.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Floeth Matthias , Elges Sandra , Gerss Joachim , Schwöppe Christian , Kessler Torsten , Herold Tobias , Wardelmann Eva , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Lenz Georg , Mikesch Jan‐Henrik , Hartmann Wolfgang , Schliemann Christoph , Angenendt Linus 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a membrane receptor that mediates the endocytosis of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). Uptake of LDL has been proposed to contribute to chemotherapy resistance of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we analysed LDLR expression and survival using bone marrow biopsies from 187 intensively treated patients with AML. Here, increasing LDLR expression was associated with decreasing overall (58·4%, 44·2%, and 24·4%; P = 0·0018), as well as event‐free survival (41·7%, 18·1%, and 14·3%; P = 0·0077), and an increasing cumulative incidence of relapse (33·9%, 55·1%, and 71·4%; P = 0·0011). Associations of LDLR expression with survival were confirmed in 557 intensively treated patients from two international validation cohorts. In the analytic and validation cohorts, LDLR expression remained associated with outcome in multivariable regression analyses including the European LeukemiaNet genetic risk classification. Thus, LDLR predicts outcome of patients with AML beyond existing risk factors. Furthermore, we found low expression levels of LDLR in most healthy tissues, suggesting it as a promising target for antibody‐based pharmacodelivery approaches in AML.
Articulating the sources for an African normative framework of healthcare: Ghana as a case study
Authors: Atuire Caesar A. , Kong Camillia , Dunn Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBioethics is gradually becoming an important part of the drive to increase quality healthcare delivery in sub‐Saharan African countries. Yet many healthcare service‐users in Africa are familiar with incidences of questionable health policies and poor healthcare delivery, leading to severe consequences for patients. We argue that the overarching rights‐based ethical administrative framework recently employed by healthcare authorities contributes to the poor uptake and enforcement of current normative tools. Taking Ghana as a case study, we focus on the cultural ethical context and we tease out the concepts of the good and the ethical among the Akan and Bulsa ethnic groups. We point out three tenets towards building a normative framework that can resonate with service‐users and practitioners: ontological communitarianism; empathic humanism; and virtuous character. Finally, we indicate how these core tenets can be dovetailed into building an effective normative framework and into the training of healthcare providers.
Community‐led reconstruction, social inclusion and participation in post‐earthquake Nepal
Authors: Crawford Gordon , Morrison Chas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationDisasters have terrible consequences for those affected, but do they also provide opportunities to challenge existing social divisions and inequalities and to promote democratic social change?PurposeThis article explores whether community‐led reconstruction (CLR) can leverage progressive social change by increasing the participation and social inclusion of marginalized and excluded groups. The question it addresses is: to what extent and in what ways can CLR facilitate participation and social inclusion in post‐disaster contexts? It does so by examining the community‐led reconstruction programme (CLRP) implemented by the non‐governmental organization ActionAid Nepal (AAN) after the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal.Approach and methodsAfter reviewing existing literature on CLR, including shortcomings in implementation, the study uses data collected from community focus groups and interviews with government officials, as well as from a perception survey undertaken among earthquake victims. We collected data for six categories of marginalized people: women, landless, Dalits, indigenous groups, elderly and youth, and analysed the data pertaining to issues of participation and inclusion for each category using NVivo software.FindingsThe findings indicate greater progress towards women’s social inclusion than for other marginalized social groups, with improvements in women’s social status. Additionally, enhanced community solidarity was evident in support of landless people. While newly created community reconstruction committees had not sustained their activities, the presence of pre‐existing local social movements, such as women’s rights forums (WRFs) and land rights forums (LRFs), was key to making claims on government. Therefore, AAN’s CLRP had led to limited achievements in terms of greater participation and social inclusion of some hitherto marginalized groups, though difficulties in sustaining challenges to deep‐seated inequalities were also noted.
Anxiety symptoms in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Karpov Boris , Kieseppä Tuula , Lindgren Maija , Wegelius Asko , Suvisaari Jaana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimAnxiety disorders and symptoms are common in people with psychotic disorders, having a negative impact on clinical status, function level and overall prognosis. However, research on the significance of anxiety in predicting remission and long‐term functioning in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) is still scarce. This study investigated the effects of anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) on clinical and functional improvement in individuals with FEP.MethodsFEP patients (N = 97) aged 18‐40 years were recruited from the University Hospital District of Helsinki and the City of Helsinki. Psychotic and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms were assessed using the Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory (OCI‐R), and functioning was evaluated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Follow‐up measurements were performed at 2 and 12 months. We specifically studied whether anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms at the 2‐month follow‐up assessment, at a time when the initial treatment response had been achieved, would predict outcomes at 12 months.ResultsSymptoms of anxiety and OCS correlated moderately with each other and psychotic symptoms, but at the 12‐month follow‐up, OCS no longer correlated significantly with psychotic and anxiety symptoms. When the level of psychotic symptoms was adjusted for, more severe OCS at the 2‐month follow‐up was associated with a lower rate of remission at 12 months, whereas a higher level of anxiety symptoms at 2 months was associated with better functioning at 12 months.ConclusionsOCS may be predictive of poorer clinical outcomes, whereas anxiety symptoms may predict better functional outcomes.
Soil carbon stock impacts following reversion of Miscanthus × giganteus and short rotation coppice willow commercial plantations into arable cropping
Authors: Rowe Rebecca L. , Keith Aidan M. , Elias Dafydd M. O. , McNamara Niall P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are posited links between the establishment of perennial bioenergy, such as short rotation coppice (SRC) willow and Miscanthus × giganteus, on low carbon soils and enhanced soil C sequestration. Sequestration provides additional climate mitigation, however, few studies have explored impacts on soil C stocks of bioenergy crop removal; thus, the permanence of any sequestered C is unclear. This uncertainty has led some authors to question the handling of soil C stocks with carbon accounting, for example, through life cycle assessments. Here, we provide additional data for this debate, reporting on the soil C impacts of the reversion (removal and return) to arable cropping of commercial SRC willow and Miscanthus across four sites in the UK, two for each bioenergy crop, with eight reversions nested within these sites. Using a paired‐site approach, soil C stocks (0–1 m) were compared between 3 and 7 years after bioenergy crop removal. Impacts on soil C stocks varied, ranging from an increase of 70.16 ± 10.81 Mg C/ha 7 years after reversion of SRC willow to a decrease of 33.38 ± 5.33 Mg C/ha 3 years after reversion of Miscanthus compared to paired arable land. The implications for carbon accounting will depend on the method used to allocate this stock change between current and past land use. However, with published life cycle assessment values for the lifetime C reduction provided by these crops ranging from 29.50 to 138.55 Mg C/ha, the magnitude of these changes in stock are significant. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms driving variability in soil C stock change, including the age of bioenergy crop at removal, removal methods, and differences in the recalcitrant of the crop residues, and highlight the need to design management methods to limit negative outcomes.
Factors predicting the effects of dysphagia rehabilitation on multidimensional functional status in elder outpatients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Igarashi Kumi , Kikutani Takeshi , Tamura Fumiyo , Yajima Yuri , Tohara Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the oral intake function and functional status, as well as to determine the aspects of functional status potentially predicting the effects of dysphagia rehabilitation in the maintenance stage, in elder outpatients.MethodsThis study was conducted in a clinic, specialised in rehabilitation of patients with dysphagia. The participants were 93 non–tube‐fed patients 65 years of age or older. The participants were scheduled to undergo the initial examination for oral intake function and functional status, and then to receive dysphagia rehabilitation for 1 year. After rehabilitation period, oral intake function was re‐evaluated, and the elements of functional status potentially related to the effects of dysphagia rehabilitation were determined.ResultsIt was found that the lower the participants’ oral intake function levels, the higher the prevalence of reduced parameters of functional status. After 1‐year dysphagia rehabilitation, the oral intake function was maintained or improved in 70 (75.3%) participants, but had diminished in 23 (24.7%). Our analysis revealed that participants with higher Vitality Index scores and MMSE at the time of initial examination were significantly more likely to show maintained or improved oral intake function at 1 year (odds ratio[OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14‐2.71; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.28, respectively).ConclusionsIt became apparent that the lower the oral intake function level at the initial examination, the higher the prevalence of reduced multidimensional functional status. Mental function was found to predict the effects of dysphagia rehabilitation in the maintenance stage.
Thrombopoietin receptor agonist is more effective than platelet transfusion for chronic liver disease with thrombocytopenia, shown by propensity score matching
Authors: Furuichi Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hirohito , Yoshimasu Yuu , Kasai Yoshitaka , Abe Masakazu , Itoi Takao 
Published: June 2020

AimThe thrombopoietin receptor agonist, lusutrombopag, was recently adapted for treatment of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease. However, no studies have compared the effects of lusutorombopag and platelet transfusion. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the efficacy and proportion of responders of lusutrombopag compared with platelet transfusion, by propensity score matching.MethodsA total of 200 patients (90 lusutrombopag, 110 platelet transfusion) with thrombocytopenia were enrolled, and matched for age, liver function, renal function, platelet count, peripheral blood count, and spleen size, using the propensity score‐matching method. Finally, 52 patients (26 lusutrombopag, 26 platelet transfusion) were included. The primary end‐point was an increase in platelet count. Secondary end‐points were the proportion of responders, duration of the sustained effect, incidence of adverse events, and predictors associated with an increase in platelet count.ResultsThe median increase in platelets from baseline was 48 × 103/μL versus 9.5 × 103/μL (lusutrombopag vs. transfusion, P < 0.0001). The proportion of responders (increase of >10 × 103/μL) was 100% versus 50.0% (P < 0.0001). Median duration of the sustained effect (increase of >50 × 103/μL) was 10 versus 2 days (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse events was 7.7% versus 50.0% (P = 0.036). Predictors associated with an increase in platelets were hemoglobin and spleen size by multiple regression analysis.ConclusionLusutrombopag was more effective in chronic liver disease patients than platelet transfusion. The proportion of responders, effect duration, and non‐incidence rate of adverse events were higher in the lusutrombopag group.
The assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines and some of their precursors
Authors: Elbir Zeynep , Oz Fatih 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHerein, the assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and some of their precursors was evaluated. Creatine and creatinine levels were ranged between 0.57–0.80 and 0.28–0.94 mg g−1, respectively. Glutamic acid was found to be the most abundant amino acid in both bouillons. 2‐amino‐3,7,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐ƒ]quinoxaline (7,8‐DiMeIQx, up to 0.03 ng g−1) was the only quantified analyte in beef bouillons, whereas it (up to 0.08 ng g−1) was determined in addition to 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐ƒ]quinoxaline (IQx, up to 0.08 ng g−1) in chicken bouillons. Creatine, creatinine and free amino acid composition did not have the capacity to initiate the formation of HAAs. Therefore, bouillons do not pose risk in terms of HAAs. However, it should be noted that multiple factors, such as the substrate amount and production conditions, may affect the results. Glutamic acid content is remarkable in commercial bouillons sold in Turkey.