bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of sleep quality and eating behavior in obesity prevention: A cross-sectional study in young adults.
Authors: Zeron-Rugerio Maria Fernanda , Schieren Alina , Diez-Noguera Antoni , Cambras Trinitat , Izquierdo-Pulido Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionFood intake behavior is implicated in many chronic health issues, including obesity. Thus, understanding the underlying factors that affect food intake is important. Several studies have associated sleep restriction to increased dietary intake and poor food choices, which can be driven by hedonic mechanisms, specially food palatability. Given that people eat for different reasons other than stress, including boredom, anxiety, sadness or joy, our aim was to study the potential association between sleep quality and the cognitive-behavioral nature of food intake (eating behaviors, EB), as well as their impact on body mass index in a population of young adults.Materials and MethodsOne thousand twenty eight young adults (78% females; 21.4 ± 4.1years) were included in a cross-sectional study. The following questionnaires were used: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality (scores > 5 indicate poor sleep quality), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire to assess the three dimensions of EB (emotional, uncontrolled and restraint eating) (Higher scores indicate higher EB). Additionally, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and the level of physical activity were evaluated. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v24, and adjusted for confounding variables.ResultsSixty one percent of the studied population had a poor sleep quality, whereas no significant associations were found between poor sleep quality, gender or age. Poor sleep quality was associated with uncontrolled (p < 0.001) and emotional (p < 0.001) eating, as well as with BMI (p < 0.001). In addition, emotional eating was associated to BMI (p < 0.001). Finally, linear regression model showed that BMI is associated with poor sleep quality (p < 0.01) and emotional eating (p < 0.001).DiscussionOur findings suggest that poor sleep quality is frequent among young adults. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is associated with higher emotional and uncontrolled eating, showing that poor sleep might be associated with a higher tendency to over eat when coping to emotionally negative emotions (sadness, anger, depression, anxiety), and a high tendency to lose control over food intake itself. Finally, the association between poor sleep quality and high emotional eating can have a negative impact over BMI, even in young adults. Hence, interventions designed to improve weight status would benefit from focusing on sleep quality in order to reduce emotional and uncontrolled eating.
Maternal perceptions of 5-year-old child weight status and factors influencing perceptions: Findings from the ROLO Kids Study
Authors: Gouldson Anna , Geraghty Aisling , O'Brien Eileen , Horan Mary , Donnelly Jean , Larkin Elizabeth , McAuliffe Fionnula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionObesity is a global condition affecting both adults and children. Mothers play an important role in identifying problems with their child's weight. However, studies are limited on the accuracy of maternal perceptions of her child's weight status in early childhood. The aim of this study was to look at maternal perceptions of her child's weight status in 5-year-old children and to investigate factors influencing this.Materials and Methods339 mother and child pairs were followed up from the ROLO Kids study in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Height and weight of the mother and the child were measured, and BMI was calculated. Demographic details were collected and questionnaires asked mothers to assign their child to a weight category and to give the reason they put their child in this particular category. KAPPA analysis and student t tests were used to analyse the data.ResultsIn this cohort over 75% of the children were normal weight, 14.7% were in the overweight category, and 8.5% in the obese category. The KAPPA score for maternal-perceived category and actual weight status was 0.037 which is a low level of agreement. Mothers were more likely to underestimate their child's weight, with 28.5% underestimating the appropriate weight category for their child compared with 2.4% who overestimated. Maternal age, education, and child sex did not influence accurate weight assessments; however, mothers with a higher BMI were more likely to inaccurately assess their child's weight (P < 0.05).DiscussionMaternal perception of their child's weight status is not an accurate indication of child weight, particularly for mothers with a raised BMI. This research highlights the important role of health care providers in assessing child weight status, rather than relying on parental reports alone, in order to appropriately intervene to reduce the incidence of childhood obesity.
The importance of patient and public involvement (PPI) in the design and delivery of maternal weight management advice.
Authors: Abayomi Julie , Charnley Margaret , McCann Mary , Cassidy Laura , Newson Lisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptimum gestational weight gain (GWG) is vital for successful pregnancy outcomes. However, pregnant women often feel misinformed or that interventions will not meet their needs; hence, many services report poor attendance and/or engagement [1]. PPI aims to empower those affected by an intervention, to participate in shaping the intervention [2,]. The aim of this study was to conduct PPI to gain insight into the experiences of weight management advice received during pregnancy - to inform future interventions.We recruited two PPI representatives (PLRs) - former patients, who assisted in all aspects of the study: design, interview questions, recruitment of PPI participants and collection/analysis of feedback. The PLRs approached pregnant/postnatal women to participate. During the PPI workshop procedure, women gave verbal consent for their views and possible verbatim quotes to be used in publications/grant applications. Feedback was collected via notetaking during four group discussions (approximately 1 hour in duration), all held in community locations - two in Liverpool (n = 10 & 5), two in Derry (n = 7 & 9) and an interview (n = 1, in Derry). The research team collated the transcripts, subjected them to repeated reading and thematic analysis, informed by Braun and Clarke's step-by-step guide [3].Three themes were identified: 1) Weight gain is inevitable in pregnancy; 2) Healthy eating advice is important but lacks consistency and depth; 3) Expectations regarding knowledge/support. Regarding theme 1: Most women viewed weight gain as an inevitable part of pregnancy, with variable amounts of weight gain being reported. Some women viewed pregnancy as an opportunity to ‘relax’ previous diets - using pregnancy as an excuse to gain weight ‘without feeling guilty’. Women were only weighed at their initial appointment but had no opposition to routine weighing throughout pregnancy or for research, providing they were informed about its significance and importance:
“It would be ok to be weighed if it is for baby's health.”However, they were opposed to ‘weight watching’:
“We live in a society where weight is such a big issue. It can be difficult putting on weight and thinking about it too much and stressing yourself.”Despite known risks associated with excess GWG, women considered weight gain ‘inevitable’, so deemed weight monitoring unnecessary. NICE guidance [4] advises against routine weighing which ‘may produce unnecessary anxiety with no added benefit’.However, regular weighing may help to avert excessive GWG, if conducted sensitively and with appropriate dietary/lifestyle support, versus weighing without intervention, which may cause ‘stress’.
Malnutrition and its risk among Portuguese older adults: Prevalence and underestimation using the short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment
Authors: Poínhos Rui , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Sorokina Anzhela , Franchini Bela , Afonso Cláudia , de Almeida Maria Daniel Vaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalnutrition is a serious health problem among older adults. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is the most used tool to assess malnutrition among older adults. It was proposed that the Screening section could be used as a short form of the MNA (MNA-SF), but the study of the two forms show a wide range of agreement (71.8 to 93.3% and Cohen's kappa from 0.52 to 0.78). Nevertheless, most of the studies recommend the use of the MNA-SF, but in some this conclusion is not completely congruent with the results. The aims of this work were to study the agreement between the nutritional status classification using the MNA-SF and the MNA-FF among Portuguese older adults living in the community, to compare the scores in each question of the MNA-FF between participants correctly or incorrectly classified using the MNA-SF, and to develop a more sensible version of the MNA-SF. The current study is part of the PRONUTRISENIOR project. Data from 456 older adults (54.2% females) aged 65 to 92 years (mean = 73; SD = 6) living in the community (Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal) were analyzed. The agreement between the two classifications is 82.7%, but Cohen's k shows a weak agreement (weighted k = 0.497; p < 0,001). MNA-SF showed a very low sensitivity (42.6%) detecting participants malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Participants classified as normal using the MNA-SF despite at risk using the MNA-SF presented lower scores in two items from the Assessment section: number of full meals eaten daily and amount of fluid consumed per day. These two items were included in MNA-SF to obtain an extended short-version (MNA-SF8), which presented a sensitivity of 91.8% (and a specificity of 79.9%). The areas under the ROC curves were 0.858 and 0.929, respectively for MNA-SF and MNA-SF8. The addition of two items to the MNA-SF provides a more sensible tool to detect risk of malnutrition among elderly. These findings suggest that, among the studied population, general eating-related questions regarding (full meals and fluid intake) are relevant to assess malnutrition. Similar studies should be carried out among other populations in order to verify the possibility of their generalization. [The PRONUTRISENIOR project was financed by Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants (PT06 – Public Health Initiatives, reference 81NU5).]
DNA methylation of hypertension-related genes is influenced by the MTHFR 677TT genotype and riboflavin supplementation
Authors: Amenyah Sophia , Ward Mary , McMahon Amy , Deane Jennifer , McNulty Helene , Hughes Catherine F. , Strain J.J. , Horigan Geraldine , Purvis John , Walsh Colum P. , Lees-Murdock Diane J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The C677T polymorphism in the folate metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is associated with hypertension. Riboflavin acts as a cofactor for MTHFR in one-carbon metabolism which generates methyl groups for utilisation in important biological reactions such as DNA methylation. Supplementation with riboflavin has previously been shown to lower blood pressure in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. The mechanism regulating this gene-nutrient interaction is currently unknown but may involve aberrant DNA methylation which has been implicated hypertension.Objectives:The aims of this study were to examine DNA methylation of hypertension-related genes in adults stratified by MTHFR C677T genotype and the effect of riboflavin supplementation on DNA methylation of these genes in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype.Materials and Methods:We measured DNA methylation using pyrosequencing in a set of candidate genes associated with hypertension including angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), G nucleotide binding protein subunit alpha 12 (GNA12), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). Stored peripheral blood leukocyte samples from participants previously screened for the MTHFR C677T genotype who participated in targeted randomised controlled trials (1.6mg/d riboflavin or placebo for 16 weeks) at Ulster University were accessed for this analysis (n = 120).Results:There were significant differences in baseline average methylation between MTHFR CC and TT genotypes at NOS3 (p = 0.026) and AGTR1 (p = 0.045) loci. Riboflavin supplementation in the TT genotype group resulted in altered average methylation at IGF2 (p = 0.025) and CpG site-specific alterations at the AGTR1 and GNA12 loci.Conclusion:DNA methylation at genes related to hypertension were significantly different in individuals stratified by MTHFR genotype group. Furthermore, in MTHFR 677TT genotype individuals, there were concurrent alterations in DNA methylation at genes linked to hypertension in response to riboflavin supplementation. This is the largest study to date to demonstrate an interaction between DNA methylation of hypertension-related genes and riboflavin supplementation in adults with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. Further work using a genome-wide approach is required to better understand the role of riboflavin in altering DNA methylation in these genetically at-risk individuals.
Oral preload of calcium reduces food intake via enhanced PYY secretion in rats
Authors: Hira Tohru , Ogasawara Shono , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDietary calcium has been proposed to reduce appetite (or to enhance satiety) in human studies. However, underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In animal and cell studies, it has been demonstrated that activation of the calcium-sensing receptor induced secretion of anorexic gut hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that calcium suppresses appetite thorough enhanced gut hormone secretion, by using rats.Materials and MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were maintained by feeding a standard diet (AIN-93G, n = 6–8 per group). As calcium sources, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and calcium lactate were tested. These calcium salts were orally preloaded in fasted rats by using a feeding tube, and subsequent food intake was monitored until 24 hours. To assess conditioned taste aversion, saccharin preference test was conducted after conditioning with calcium or lithium chloride. To investigate involvements of gut hormones such as CCK, GLP-1, and peptide-YY (PYY), specific receptor antagonists for respective gut hormones were intraperitoneally injected just after oral preload of calcium, and then food intake was monitored. Portal blood samples were collected 15 or 30 min after oral preload of calcium for measurement of gut hormones by ELISA.Results and discussionAt the same dose of calcium (150 mg/kg), preload of calcium chloride reduced food intake for 4 hours compared to preload of the control solution (P < 0.05), while other compounds had minor effects on food intake. Saccharin preference ratio was only reduced by conditioning with lithium chloride (P < 0.01), but not by that with calcium compounds, indicating no conditional taste aversion was occurred by calcium. Suppressive effect of calcium chloride on food intake was partially reversed by pretreatment with a PYY receptor antagonist (BIIE0246) but not by that with a CCK- or a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Portal PYY concentrations were higher in calcium chloride-treated rats than in the control rats (P < 0.05), 15 min after the preload and re-feeding. Changes in serum calcium concentrations were not observed by preload of calcium.These results suggest that oral preload of calcium chloride reduces subsequent food intake via enhanced PYY secretion in rats.
Stability of blueberry polyphenols subjected to in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal enzymes
Authors: Liović Nikolina , Bilušić Tea , Režek Jambrak Anet , Krešić Greta , Markić Joško 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum, L.) are a valuable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols. The beneficial effects of polyphenols on health depend not only on food sources but also on their stability, which can vary depending on the post-harvest processing methods, the matrix in which they are incorporated, and endogenous factors such as microbiota and digestive enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-intensity ultrasound treatment on in vitro gastrointestinal stability of the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of blueberries. Blueberry puree was treated with high-intensity ultrasound using different amplitudes (30, 45 and 60μm) and treatment times (3, 6 and 9 min), and a part of sample was used as a control (untreated sample). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and FRAP methods) were determined prior to and after two-phase in vitro digestion process (gastric and duodenal) using human gastrointestinal enzymes. The results showed a high stability of total blueberry polyphenols and antioxidant activity during simulated gastric digestion step, both in untreated and ultrasound treated samples. The use of high-intensity ultrasound had a significant effect on the stability of polyphenols and their antioxidant activity after simulated digestion in duodenum. Significant increase in polyphenol content after duodenal digestion step was determined in three ultrasound treated samples with longer treatment time (6 and 9 minutes), and only sample with significant reduction of TPC was untreated sample. Modification of the food matrix as a result of cavitation from ultrasound treatment may be the reason for higher stability of polyphenol during in vitro digestion. After in vitro digestion blueberry polyphenols still possessed antioxidant activity that may be directly related to their beneficial effects on health. The highest antioxidant activity measured with DPPH and FRAP method was determined for sample treated with maximum amplitude (60μm) and longest time (9 minutes). Determination of the stability of phenolic compounds is important as it affects their bioavailability for uptake as well as their possible beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial tissue such as reduction of oxidative stress and cancer prevention. Our results showed that ultrasound treatment can preserve the blueberry phenolics and their antioxidant characteristics after in vitro digestion.
Effect of dietary modifications on the cholesterol level and selected indicators of oxidative processes in rats with mammary cancer
Authors: Lepionka Tomasz , Bialek Agnieszka , Bialek Malgorzata , Czauderna Marian , Bertrandt Jerzy , Anyzewska Anna , Lakomy Roman , Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPomegranate (Punica granatum, Punicaceae) seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae) water extract (BME), used for centuries in folk medicine, are now available as popular dietary supplements, used i.e. in prevention of diet-related metabolic diseases and cancer. It is suggested that their mechanism of action may involve modifications of oxidative processes. However, information regarding these effects is inadequate.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of supplementation of rats’ diet with PSO and BME, administered separately or jointly, on cholesterol and its oxidative derivatives, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherols content in livers, in terms of cancerous process. Sprague-Dawley female rats (n = 96) were fed control diet (CON and CONplus) or experimental diets supplemented with 0.15 ml PSO/day (G and Gplus), 1% BME ad libitum (M and Mplus) and PSO and BME jointly (GM and GMplus). Breast cancer was induced by administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the amount of 80 mg/kg body weight in the 50th day of life. After 21 weeks of supplementation livers, as main organs responsible for lipids metabolism, were subjected to either GC-TOFMS (cholesterol and oxysterols) or UPLC-PDA (tocopherols and MDA) chromatographic analyzes.Results and discussionBoth dietary supplements and DMBA administration resulted in significant increase of total cholesterol content. In contrast, levels of two of four determined oxysterols: 7α - hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol β-epoxide were the lowest in groups supplemented with PSO and exposed to DMBA. Significant differences in tocopherol content were demonstrated for two of four detected compounds: g-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl acetate. The level of g-tocopherol in G group was significantly higher in relation to Mplus and Gplus groups. In case of α -tocopheryl acetate, differences were observed between two control groups (CON and CONplus), but its content in CONplus group was significantly higher. In physiological state applied supplements reduced MDA levels in livers, whereas in pathological conditions PSO significantly increased MDA content in hepatic tissue of Gplus and GMplus groups.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate that applied dietary supplementation, as well as cancerous process, can modify the levels of cholesterol and intensity of oxidative processes. It seems, that oxidative stress, associated with cancer development, modifies the intensity of oxidative processes in livers to a greater extent than examined dietary supplements.* This work was partially supported by National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2018/02/X/NZ9/01770)
Consuming coffee with milk and sugar added before a high glycemic index meal improves postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses
Authors: Wong Tommy Hon Ting , Wan Jennifer Man Fan , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiterature regarding the health effect of coffee consumption was contradicting, whereby it was found to protect against type 2 diabetes while inducing acute glucose intolerance. Previous studies suggested that adding sugar and milk into coffee may alter the effect of its consumption on glucose metabolism, potentially explaining the contradiction, but this is seldom investigated. This study aimed at assessing the effect of adding milk and sugar into coffee on the postprandial glycemic metabolism after a subsequent, high glycemic index (GI) meal. A total of 11 apparently healthy adults were recruited for this randomized, cross-over acute feeding study. In each experimental session, overnight-fasted participants consumed one cup of the following drinks: espresso (35 ml), instant, boiled, and decaffeinated coffee (all 150 ml). Then they consumed a high GI meal and blood samples were collected every 15–30 minutes in the subsequent two hours. Each type of coffee was tested for 3 times, twice with 50 g low-fat milk and 7.5 g white sugar added (i.e. white coffee) and once without (i.e. black coffee). Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and active GLP-1, as well as the incremental area-under-curve (iAUC) of the biomarkers, were compared between black and white coffee, with baseline measurements as a covariate. Results showed that the peak glucose level after the meal was lower in white coffee sessions than black coffee sessions, regardless of coffee types. The difference was the greatest between black and white decaffeinated coffee (mean difference from baseline ± SEM, white coffee: 2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L; black coffee: 3.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.019). The mean glucose iAUC of white coffee sessions was significantly smaller than black coffee sessions for all coffee types except for instant coffee (all p < 0.05). The peak insulin levels between black and white coffees were not significantly different, yet white decaffeinated coffee had a 35% smaller mean insulin iAUC than black decaffeinated coffee (p = 0.025). The active GLP-1 levels were not significantly different between black and white coffee sessions. These results showed that prior ingestion of coffee with milk and sugar added attenuated the glucose response after the subsequent meal, compared with drinking black coffee beforehand. Our results may provide an explanation for the conflicting literature regarding the protective effects of coffee consumption against type 2 diabetes.