bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized application of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 whole-body PET/CT and pelvic PET/MR in prostate cancer initial diagnosis and staging
Authors: Qin Chunxia , Gai Yongkang , Liu Qingyao , Ruan Weiwei , Liu Fang , Hu Fan , Zhang Xiaoping , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose To analyze 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT or PET/MR and delayed PET/MR images in patients diagnosed with or suspected of prostate cancer, and to explore the optimal use of PET/CT and PET/MR for initial diagnosis and staging in prostate diseases.Methods Images from conventional scan by 68Ga-PSMA whole-body PET/CT or PET/MR followed by delayed pelvic PET/MR were retrospectively analyzed. Prostatic 68Ga-PSMA uptake was measured as SUVmax1 (conventional scan 1 h post injection) and SUVmax2 (delayed scan 3 h post injection). Age, PSA levels, and SUVmax were compared between benign and malignant cases. The correlation of SUVmax1 and SUVmax 2 was analyzed. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by ROC analysis.Results We enrolled 56 patients with 41 malignant and 15 benign prostate lesions. Fifty-three patients had paired conventional and delayed scans. Age, PSA levels, and SUVmax were significantly different between benign and malignant cases. A good correlation was found between SUVmax1 and SUVmax2. There was significant difference between SUVmax1 and SUVmax2 in the malignant group (p = 0.001). SUVmax1 had superior diagnostic performance than SUVmax2, SUVmax difference and PSA levels, with a sensitivity of 85.4%, a specificity of 100% and an AUC of 0.956. A combination of SUVmax1 with nodal and/or distant metastases and MR PIRADS V2 score had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Delayed pelvic PET/MR imaging in 33 patients were found to be redundant because these patients had nodal and/or distant metastases which can be easily detected by PET/CT.Conclusion Combined 68Ga-PSMA whole-body PET/CT and pelvic PET/MR can accurately differentiate benign prostate diseases from prostate cancer and accurately stage prostate cancer. Whole-body PET/CT is sufficient for advanced prostate cancer, and more economic and time-saving than PET/MR. Pelvic PET/MR contributes to diagnosis and accurate staging in early prostate cancer. Imaging at about 1 hour after injection is sufficient in most patients.Trial registration: NCT03756077. Registered 27 November 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03756077
Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) to assess the impact of school children's awareness of malaria using the MOSKI KIT® tool: study case of some Dakar schools in Senegal
Authors: Manga Isaac Akhénaton , Gaye Aissatou , Kouevidjin Aliou Dia , Ekoue  , Reis Maria Rosa Dos , Niang Aboubakry Sadikh , Fall Amy Ndao , Anquetil Christelle Maitre , Ndiaye Jean Louis Abdourahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background MOSKI KIT® is a fun tool designed to interest children for prevention and management of malaria. This study was carried out with the objective to assess the short- and long-term impacts of this tool on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of school children, and on the transmission of the knowledge received at the household level as well. Method The study took place in elementary schools in the city center (with relatively low endemicity) and in the Niayes area (at high risk of anopheline and malaria) in the Dakar region of Senegal. The various schools chosen for our study were divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention schools were also divided into two subgroups, a full package subgroup and another partial package. We conducted three surveys there, a first before exposure to the MOSKI KIT®, a second a week later and a third a year later. In the control schools, we only carried out one at the same time as the last in the intervention schools. We carried out two household surveys (a week and a year after exposure) for the intervention schools, against one for the control schools.Results Before sensitization, the proportion of school children with a grade above or equal to the average was 50% for the complete package subgroup (CPS) and 53% for the partial package subgroup (PPS). A week later, these proportions were 69% and 71% respectively for the complete and PPSs. A year later, they were 99.4% for the CPS, 98.1% for the PPS and 99.5% for the control group; The number of children who spoke to their parents about malaria was greater in intervention schools than that of control schools. They were 46.63% and 32.58% respectively in intervention and control schools.Conclusion The MOSKI KIT, has enabled an increase of the knowledge of school children about malaria in the short term and favored its retention in the long term. However, its impact was not felt on their attitudes and practices.
Asymptomatic malaria and anemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013–2017
Authors: Rouamba Toussaint , Samadoulougou Sékou , Ouédraogo Mady , Hien Hervé , Tinto Halidou , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria in endemic countries is often asymptomatic during pregnancy, but it has substantial consequences for both the mother and her unborn baby. In Burkina Faso, the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and its main consequence, anemia, during high and low malaria transmission seasons is underexplored at the household level.Methods: Data of 1751 pregnant women from October 2013 to March 2014 and 1931 pregnant women from April 2017 to June 2017 were drawn from two cross-sectional household surveys conducted in 24 health districts of Burkina Faso. Pregnant women were tested for malaria in their household after consenting. Asymptomatic carriage was defined as a positive result from malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the absence of malaria symptoms. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level less than 11 g/dL.Results: Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy was estimated at 23.9% (95%CI: 20.2–28.0) during the high transmission season (October–November) in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 12.7% (95%CI: 10.9–14.7) between December and March in 2013–2014 and halved (6.4%; 95%CI: 5.3–7.6) between April and June 2017. Anemia prevalence was estimated at 43.7% (95%CI: 39.3–48.3) during the high transmission season in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 32.7% (95%CI: 30.1–35.5) between December and March 2013–2014 and 46.6% (95%CI: 44.3–48.9) between April and June, 2017.Conclusion: Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy was significantly higher during the high malaria transmission season while anemia prevalence was lower. Our study provides an opportunity to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage and one of its main consequences, anemia, among pregnant women at the community level throughout the year. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of asymptomatic carriage for both the mother and fetus, health programs aimed at increasing the number of women coming into contact with health workers are necessary.
RNA-seq Identifies circRNAs Expression Profiles and Potential Biomarkers for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bai Cong-xia , Liu Ting-ting , Sun Ying-ying , Li Hao , Xiao Ning , Zhang Mei-jun , Feng Yan-jie , Xu Hao-chen , Ge Jing , Wang Xu-liang , Song Li , Ping Jie-dan , Chen Jing-zhou 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers because of their stability in peripheral blood, and they participate in various pathological processes of ischemic stroke; however, their expression profiles and the potential functions for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke remain unclear. Methods: RNA sequencing was used to investigate the expression profiles of circRNA in a discovery sample of 129 subjects (44 patients with ICH, 42 hypertension (HTN) controls, and 43 patients with cerebral infarction (CI)), and an independent validation sample of 54 subjects (20 patients with ICH, 18 HTN controls, and 16 patients with CI). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the circRNA expression levels. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess circRNAs as potential biomarkers for ICH. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential functions of circRNAs.Results: We found that 15 circRNAs including 5 upregulated circRNAs and 10 downregulated circRNAs were consistently altered only after ICH (fold change >1.5 and FDR < 0.05). We validated that hsa_circ_0001240 and hsa_circ_0001947 were upregulated and that hsa_circ_0001386 was downregulated in ICH compared with HTN and CI. The combination of 3 circRNAs showed an area under the curve of 0.92 with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 88% for diagnosing ICH. Together with ICH risk factors, the circRNAs showed an area under the curve of 0.97 in diagnosing ICH. Functional analysis revealed circRNA target miRNA and mRNA are mainly involved in fatty acid biogenesis, lysine degradation, integrin cell surface interactions and the immune system.Conclusion: This is the first report to study the expression profile of circRNAs in peripheral blood after ICH, and a set of 3 circRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing ICH.
Comparative Evaluation of Methods for Isolating Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pancreatic Cells
Authors: Wang Jie-Min , Li Yong-Jiang , Wu Jun-Yong , Cai Jia-Xin , Wen Jing , Xiang Da-Xiong , Hu Xiong-Bin , Li Wen-Qun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs have been widely studied for clinical applications such as early detection of diseases and as therapeutics. Various methods for sEVs isolation have been using, but different methods may result in different qualities of sEVs and impact downstream analysis and applications. Here, we compared current isolation methods and performed a comparative analysis of sEVs derived from pancreatic cancer cells.Results: Ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and co-precipitation as concentration methods were firstly evaluated for yield, size, morphology and protein level of pellets. Then, isolate sEVs obtained by four different purification methods: size exclusion chromatography, density gradient ultracentrifugation, ultracentrifugation, and immunoaffinity capturing, were analysed and compared. For the concentration process, ultracentrifugation method obtained high quality and concentration pellets. For the purification process, immunoaffinity capturing method obtained the purest sEVs with less contaminants, while density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method obtained sEVs with the smallest size. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct protein contents of purified sEVs. Conclusions: For isolating sEVs derived from pancreatic cancer cells, ultracentrifugation-based method is recommended for concentration of sEVs, density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method may be suitable for isolation of sEVs for therapeutic study, immunoaffinity capturing may be applied for studies exploring sEVs as biomarkers.
Increased PD1 and Glycolysis in CD4+ T Cell Promotes Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Wu Kun , Han Nan-nan , Zhang Sheng , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is one of the poorest prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with 50% reduction in survival of patients with lymph node positive involvement compared to those without. However, it is unknown whether immune checkpoint contributed to metastatic lymph nodes in OSCC patients. Results: We found that frequency of CD4+ T cells decreased in metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.0019). In following experiments, immune checkpoints (PD1, PDL1 and CTLA4) of CD4+ T cells were detected in metastatic lymph node (LN+) and paired negative lymph node (LN-) of OSCC patients. The PD1 expression of LN+ was increased markedly compared to LN- (p = 0.0205). Similarly, the PD1 of CD4+ T cells in LN+ was increased significantly compared to LN-. We also found that glycolysis related enzymes levels in CD4+ T cells from LN+ were elevated dramatically compared to LN-. Moreover, PD1 and Hk2 expression of CD4+ T cells was increased in metastatic lymph nodes of OSCC patients with prior surgical treatment compared to those without. Conclusions: These findings suggested that increased PD1 and glycolysis in CD4+ T cell may serve as a pivotal regulator of OSCC metastatic lymph nodes via elevating glycolysis related enzymes level, especially in Hk2.
Sex Differences in Neuropeptide Y Serum, But Not in Fat Intake and Body Mass Index
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Ichwan M. , Masyithah Dewi , Dharmajaya Ridha , Khatib Alfi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: One’s appetite has a role in controlling food intake and maintaining energy balance, but its effect on body metabolism related to obesity is still questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of neuropeptide Y in healthy people and to see differences in gender and anthropometric parameters. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be differences in neuropeptide Y levels in groups with gender and anthropometric parameter differences. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 62 study subjects, male and female, who did not have chronic diseases or metabolic disorders. This research was conducted from April to September 2020. The parameters examined in this study were neuropeptide Y levels and anthropometric parameters. The statistical analysis performed was the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between groups. Results: The mean age of the research subjects was 40.48 ± 10.85 years, with the same ethnic distribution. The distribution of men and women was more women than men. Based on anthropometric examination, it was found that obesity nutritional status was more common in the female group than in the male group; however, serum neuropeptide Y levels were found to be significantly different between male and female groups (male group was higher). Conclusions: The study found significant differences in serum neuropeptide Y levels in male and female groups.
Association Between Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and immune microenvironment in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yan Dan , Chen Yi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker for selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immunotherapy. And many studies have revealed high-TMB may be significantly associated with response to PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy.Methods The RNA-seq transcriptome profiling, simple nucleotide variation and corresponding clinicopathological information of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We classified samples into the low-TMB group and the high-TMB group based on somatic mutation data from TCGA. KEGG pathways analysis was used to analyze the enriched pathways between two groups. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the correlation between TMB and clinical pathology. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the immune cell infiltration among different risk groups.Result Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), missense mutation and C > A was most common in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Top 10 most common mutated genes were TTN, TP53, MUC16, CSMD3, RYR2, LRP1B, USH2A, SYNE1, ZFHX4, KMT2D. High-TMB group conferred better one-year overall survival. KEGG pathways analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in regulation of lymphocyte activation, lymphocyte proliferation, leukocyte proliferation and mononuclear cell proliferation. Infiltration levels of CD8 + T cell, M1 macrophages, follicular helper T cells and activated NK cells in high-TMB group were higher than that in low-TMB group.Conclusion High TMB correlated with positive one-year survival outcomes. With the development of tumor, TMB increased gradually. TMB might influence the immune infiltrates on patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Children: Short and Long Term Follow-up Results
Authors: Ozbay Yesfa Sebnem , Nişli Kemal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart disease which is usually diagnosed in childhood. However the large part of studies in literature include adults. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the follow-up results of patients who had transcatheter closure of ASD to understand the factors effected success and complications of this procedure in children. Methods: 232 patient files were evaluated retrospectively. 24 of the patients excluded from the study as the files of these patients could not be found in archive or the data needed to be evaluated was missing. Demographical data, family history, accompanying syndromes, complaints of patients, symptoms, echocardiographical (ECO) findings, transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) findings if performed, the size of defect in balloon-sizing, the size of device used in procedure, major and minor complications evaluated. Results: In our study, 208 children [39.9% (n = 83) male, 60.1% (n = 125) female] included who were diagnosed with ASD. The mean age of the patients are 88,06 ± 56,52 months (3 days to 220 months). When the family history is examined; heart disease was not found in 87.0% (n = 181) of the patients whereas 13.0% (n = 27) of the patients had family history of heart disease. 81.7% of the patients (n = 170) had no complaint and 18.3% (n = 38) had complaints. There was a statistically significant correlation between diameter and length of defect measured with ECO, TEE and by balloon-sizing. Success rates of procedure found to be 95.7%. While the major complication of the procedure was device embolization; arrythmia was the most common minor complication. None of our patients died due to device embolization. The procedure complication rate is not statistically different according to the device type. (p = 0.075; p> 0.05) Conclusion: In our study, we found that device diameters measured by different methods correlated with each other. The procedure complication rates do not differ according to the device type. When the transcatheter ASD closure process is performed with an experienced and qualified team; mortality and morbidity rates compatible with developed countries can be achieved.
Effects of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Procedures on Neurocognitive Function in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Su Xiaoqi , Xu Cheng , Ma Siyu , Pu Yiwei , Wang Zhiqi , Yang Zhaocong , Mo Xuming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine the neurodevelopmental function in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiac surgery and the influence of surgical repair versus transcatheter repair on neurodevelopment.Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials (Central) in September 2019 by using Medical Subject Headings. We extracted data using a customized data extraction sheet and employed standard methodological procedures as expected by Cochrane. We used a fixed-effect or random-effect model for meta-analysis. Results: We included a total of seven articles. The assessed neurodevelopment outcomes were the full intelligence quotient (full IQ), verbal intelligence quotient (verbal IQ) and performance intelligence quotient (performance IQ). The intelligence quotient was statistically significant after cardiac surgery compared with that of the normal control (full IQ: mean difference = -5.79 [95% CIs -10.14, -1.44], P = 0.009, I2=71%; verbal IQ: mean difference = -4.46 [95% CIs -7.99, -0.93], P = 0.01, I2=56%; performance IQ: mean difference = -7.13 [95% CIs -10.90, -3.35], P =0.0002, I2=64%). The neurodevelopment functions were no different after surgical repair versus transcatheter repair (full IQ: mean difference = 0.19 [95% CIs -4.10, 4.49], P = 0.93, I2=0%; verbal IQ: mean difference = 2.29 [95% CIs -1.60, 6.18], P = 0.25, I2=0%; performance IQ: mean difference = -2.49 [95% CIs -6.49, 1.52], P = 0.22, I2=0%).Conclusion: We found that patients with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery may exhibit a negative effect on neurodevelopment, and there may be no difference in the effects of the two different surgical methods on neurodevelopment.
Hand Washing Practice and Associated Factors among Primary School Children in Damot Woide Woreda of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Admasie Amha , Guluma Alemu , Debebe Ashenafi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Diarrhea and respiratory infections are respectively the leading causes of childhood mortality globally. Hand washing at schools with soap could substantially reduce diarrhea and respiratory infections among school-age children, however in developing countries it is still being practiced to a very low extent in particular critical moments such as before eating and after using sanitation facilities including toilet. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the level of hand washing practice and associated factors among primary school children in Damot Woide Woreda, Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted from January, 2018-February, 2018 using multistage cluster sampling technique and 580 students from six primary schools of grade 5-8 were included in the study and simple random sampling was employed to select study participants. Data was collected by using interviewer administered structured and pre-tested questionnaires by trained data collectors. Data entered in to Epi Data version 3.1 and exported into SPSSv20 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.Result: Twenty eight point one percent (28.10% of [95% CI: 24.5-31.7]) students had practiced proper hand washing. The multivariate model depicted that being grade 8th[AOR =3.44, 95% CI:1.52, 8.23], urban residence[AOR =18.84, 95% CI:14.02,23.29], having parents [AOR = 10.74; 95% CI 8.80 to 12.36], teachers as a role models [AOR =6.45; 95% CI 5.52 to 8.99] and health professionals as a role models [AOR = 9.62; 95% CI 2.70 to 14.19], and presence of hand washing facility in school [OR =3.84, 95% CI:3.60, 4.07] were found to be significantly associated with proper hand washing practice. Conclusion: Proper hand washing practice among school children was found to be low. Therefore, promoting and enhancing hand washing practices and preparing hand-washing facilities in schools is mandatory to addressing the gap on hand washing practice among primary school students in the study area.
Multi-GPU simulation of turbulent square duct flow under high Reynolds number in lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wang Limin , Hu Tao , Xiang Xing , Ge Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using multi-GPU in lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), fully developed turbulent flow in a square duct at the friction Reynolds numbers (Reτ) of 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 are simulated. Through simulation of three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow under different Reynolds number (Re), the accuracy of lattice Bhatnager-Gross-Krook (LBGK) multi-GPU program is validated. For turbulent flow in a square duct, all mean velocity, secondary flows, root mean square (rms) of pulsating velocity and Reynolds shear stress predicted by LBGK under the lower Reτ agree well with the literature results, which further verified the effectiveness of the LBGK. In addition, fully developed turbulent flow in a square duct with Reτ up to 1800 predicted by LBGK with 600 million grids provides a reference for turbulent flows under high Reτ . Numerical results show that the LBGK model with low accuracy successfully captures turbulent characteristics for flows at high Re by increasing the grid size, indicating the feasibility and practicality of multi-GPU LBM for modeling industrial flows.