bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalistic Decision Making in Everyday Self-care Among Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Daley Carly N. , Cornet Victor P. , Toscos Tammy R. , Bolchini Davide P. , Mirro Michael J. , Holden Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Every day, older adults living with heart failure make decisions regarding their health that may ultimately affect their disease trajectory. Experts describe these decisions as instances of naturalistic decision making influenced by the surrounding social and physical environment and involving shifting goals, high stakes, and the involvement of others.

Objective
This study applied a naturalistic decision-making approach to better understand everyday decision making by older adults with heart failure.

Methods
We present a cross-sectional qualitative field research study using a naturalistic decision-making conceptual model and critical incident technique to study health-related decision making. The study recruited 24 older adults with heart failure and 14 of their accompanying support persons from an ambulatory cardiology center. Critical incident interviews were performed and qualitatively analyzed to understand in depth how individuals made everyday health-related decisions.

Results
White, male (66.7%), older adults' decision making accorded with a preliminary conceptual model of naturalistic decision making occurring in phases of monitoring, interpreting, and acting, both independently and in sequence, for various decisions. Analyses also uncovered that there are barriers and strategies affecting the performance of these phases, other actors can play important roles, and health decisions are made in the context of personal priorities, values, and emotions.

Conclusions
Study findings lead to an expanded conceptual model of naturalistic decision making by older adults with heart failure. In turn, the model bears implications for future research and the design of interventions grounded in the realities of everyday decision making.
Management of Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients With Thromboembolism in the Context of Renal Dysfunction: Challenging Cases and Practical Algorithms
Authors: Bahabri Aban , Chan Anthony K.C. , Belostosky Vladimir , Bhatt Mihir D. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Low–molecular-weight heparin is cleared through the kidneys and is commonly used for anticoagulation in the pediatric population.

Observation:
We present 3 challenging cases of children requiring anticoagulation in the context of acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome, and hemodialysis.

Conclusions:
A significant change in anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) levels—used for drug monitoring—should prompt an assessment of renal function. In nephrotic syndrome, anti-Xa levels should be closely monitored when there is a change in the status of nephrotic disease activity. In hemodialysis patients, enoxaparin at once daily reduced dosing should be considered with trough and peak anti-Xa levels monitoring.
A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial of Chemotherapy With or Without Algenpantucel-L (HyperAcute-Pancreas) Immunotherapy in Subjects With Borderline Resectable or Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hewitt Daniel Brock , Nissen Nicholas , Hatoum Hassan , Musher Benjamin , Seng John , Coveler Andrew L. , Al-Rajabi Raed , Yeo Charles J. , Leiby Benjamin , Banks Joshua , Balducci Lodovico , Vaccaro Gina , LoConte Noelle , George Thomas J. , Brenner Warren , Elquza Emad , Vahanian Nicholas , Rossi Gabriela , Kennedy Eugene , Link Charles , Lavu Harish 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy and safety of algenpantucel-L [HyperAcute-Pancreas algenpantucel-L (HAPa); IND# 12311] immunotherapy combined with standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy and chemoradiation to SOC chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy alone in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Summary Background Data:
To date, immunotherapy has not been shown to benefit patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable PDAC. HAPa is a cancer vaccine consisting of allogeneic pancreatic cancer cells engineered to express the murine α(1,3)GT gene.

Methods:
A multicenter, phase 3, open label, randomized (1:1) trial of patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable PDAC. Patients received neoadjuvant SOC chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel) followed by chemoradiation (standard group) or the same standard neoadjuvant regimen combined with HAPa immunotherapy (experimental group). The primary outcome was overall survival.

Results:
Between May 2013 and December 2015, 303 patients were randomized from 32 sites. Median (interquartile range) overall survival was 14.9 (12.2–17.8) months in the standard group (N = 158) and 14.3 (12.6–16.3) months in the experimental group (N = 145) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.02, 95% confidence intervals 0.66–1.58; P = 0.98]. Median progression-free survival was 13.4 months in the standard group and 12.4 months in the experimental group (HR 1.33, 95% confidence intervals 0.72–1.78; P = 0.59). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 105 of 140 patients (75%) in the standard group and in 115 of 142 patients (81%) in the experimental group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy did not improve survival in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable PDAC receiving SOC neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01836432
Mapping the probability of forest snow disturbances in Finland
Authors: Suvanto S , Lehtonen A , Nevalainen S , Lehtonen I , Viiri H , Strandström M , Peltoniemi M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe changing forest disturbance regimes emphasize the need for improved damage risk information. Here, our aim was to (1) improve the current understanding of snow damage risks by assessing the importance of abiotic factors, particularly the modelled snow load on trees, versus forest properties in predicting the probability of snow damage, (2) produce a snow damage probability map for Finland. We also compared the results for winters with typical snow load conditions and a winter with exceptionally heavy snow loads. To do this, we used damage observations from the Finnish national forest inventory (NFI) to create a statistical snow damage occurrence model, spatial data layers from different sources to use the model to predict the damage probability for the whole country in 16 x 16 m resolution. Snow damage reports from forest owners were used for testing the final map. Our results showed that best results were obtained when both abiotic and forest variables were included in the model. However, in the case of the high snow load winter, the model with only abiotic predictors performed nearly as well as the full model and the ability of the models to identify the snow damaged stands was higher than in other years. The results showed patterns of forest adaptation to high snow loads, as spruce stands in the north were less susceptible to damage than in southern areas and long-term snow load reduced the damage probability. The model and the derived wall-to-wall map were able to discriminate damage from no-damage cases on a good level. The damage probability mapping approach identifies the drivers of snow disturbances across forest landscapes and can be used to spatially estimate the current and future disturbance risks in forests, informing practical forestry and decision-making and supporting the adaptation to the changing disturbance regimes.
Remdesivir-ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improvedin vitroantiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jeffreys Laura N , Pennington Shaun H , Duggan Jack , Caygill Claire H , Lopeman Rose C , Breen Alastair F , Jinks Jessica B , Ardrey Alison , Donnellan Samantha , Patterson Edward I , Hughes Grant L , Hong David W , O’Neill Paul M , Aljayyoussi Ghaith , Owen Andrew , Ward Stephen A , Biagini Giancarlo A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA key element for the prevention and management of COVID-19 is the development of effective therapeutics. Drug combination strategies of repurposed drugs offer several advantages over monotherapies, including the potential to achieve greater efficacy, the potential to increase the therapeutic index of drugs and the potential to reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we report on thein vitrosynergistic interaction between two FDA approved drugs, remdesivir and ivermectin resulting in enhanced antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. These findings warrant further investigations into the clinical potential of this combination, together with studies to define the underlying mechanism.
Genomic signature of shifts in selection and alkaline adaptation in highland fish
Authors: Tong Chao , Li Miao , Tang Yongtao , Zhao Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how organisms adapt to aquatic life at high altitude is fundamental in evolutionary biology. This objective has been addressed primarily related to hypoxia adaptation by recent comparative studies, whereas highland fish has also long suffered extreme alkaline environment, insight into the genomic basis of alkaline adaptation has rarely been provided. Here, we compared the genomes or transcriptomes of 15 fish species, including two alkaline tolerant highland fish species and their six alkaline intolerant relatives, three alkaline tolerant lowland fish species and four alkaline intolerant species. We found putatively consistent patterns of molecular evolution in alkaline tolerant species in a large number of shared orthologs within highland and lowland fish taxa. Remarkably, we identified consistent signatures of accelerated evolution and positive selection in a set of shared genes associated with ion transport, apoptosis, immune response and energy metabolisms in alkaline tolerant species within both highland and lowland fish taxa. This is one of the first comparative studies that began to elucidate the consistent genomic signature of alkaline adaptation shared by highland and lowland fish. This finding also highlights the adaptive molecular evolution changes that support fish adapting to extreme environments at high altitude.Significance StatementLittle is known about how wild fish responds to extreme alkaline stress besides hypoxia at high altitude. Comparative genomics has begun to elucidate the genomic basis of alkaline adaptation in lowland fish, such as killifish, but insight from highland fish has lagged behind. The common role of adaptive molecular evolution during alkaline adaptation in highland and lowland fish has rarely been discussed. We address this question by comparing 15 fish omics data. We find numbers of shared orthologs exhibited consistent patterns of molecular evolution in alkaline tolerant species relative to intolerant species. We further identify remarkably consistent signatures of rapidly evolving and positive selection in a substantial shared core of genes in both highland and lowland alkaline tolerant species.
Heterologous flavivirus exposure provides varying degrees of cross-protection from Zika virus in a mouse model of infection
Authors: Hassert Mariah , Scroggins Stephen , Coleman Abigail K. , Shacham Enbal , Brien James D. , Pinto Amelia K. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe 2015/16 Zika virus epidemic in South and Central America left the scientific community urgently trying to understand the disease and the factors which modulate Zika virus pathogenesis. Multiple other flaviviruses are endemic in areas where Zika virus emerged in 2015/16. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a key to understanding how Zika virus infection and disease progresses, is to study Zika virus infection in the context of prior flavivirus exposure. Humans and animal studies have highlighted the idea that having been previously exposed to a heterologous flavivirus may modulate the immune response to Zika virus. However, it is still unclear 1) how this impacts viral burden and pathology, and 2) the factors which correlate with the multiple metrics of disease. In this murine study, we longitudinally examine multiple factors involved in Zika disease, linking viral burden over time with increased neurological disease severity and weight loss. We show that prior heterologous flavivirus exposure with dengue virus type 2 or 3, or the vaccine strain of yellow fever, provides protection from mortality in a lethal Zika challenge. Reduction in viral burden and Zika disease in the context of prior flavivirus exposure varies depending on the infecting primary virus; with primary Zika infection being most protective from Zika challenge, followed by dengue 2, yellow fever, and dengue 3. This study demonstrates a protective effect of prior heterologous flavivirus exposure on Zika virus pathogenesis, and defines the relationship between prior flavivirus exposure and the potential for Zika virus disease.IMPORTANCEThe emergence and re-emergence of various vector-borne diseases in recent years highlights the need to understand the mechanisms of protection for each pathogen. In this study, we investigated the impact of prior exposure to Zika, dengue serotypes 2, 3, and the vaccine strain of yellow fever on pathogenesis and disease outcomes in a mouse model of Zika virus infection. We found that prior exposure to a heterologous flavivirus was protective from mortality, neurological disease, weight loss, and severe viral burden during a lethal Zika challenge. Using a longitudinal study design, we were able to link multiple disease parameters including viral burden over time with neurological disease severity and weight loss in the context of heterologous infection.This study demonstrates a role for heterologous flavivirus exposure in modulating flavivirus pathophysiology. Given the cyclic nature of most flavivirus outbreaks, this work will contribute to the forecasting of disease severity for future outbreaks.
Detection and molecular characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed mink (Neovision vision) in Poland
Authors: Rabalski Lukasz , Kosinski Maciej , Smura Teemu , Aaltonen Kirsi , Kant Ravi , Sironen Tarja , Szewczyk Boguslaw , Grzybek Maciej 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 is the aetiological agent of COVID-19 disease and has been spreading worldwide since December 2019. The virus has been shown to infect different animal species under experimental conditions. Also, minks have been found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in fur farms in Europe and the USA. Here we investigated 91 individual minks from a farm located in Northern Poland. Using RT-PCR, antigen detection and NGS, we confirmed 15 animals positive for SARS-CoV-2. The result was verified by sequencing of full viral genomes, confirming SARS-CoV-2 infection in Polish mink. Country-scale monitoring conducted by veterinary inspection so far has not detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on other mink farms. Taking into consideration that Poland has a high level of positive diagnostic tests among its population, there is a high risk that more Polish mink farms become a source for SARS-CoV-2. Findings reported here and from other fur producing countries urge the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animals bred in Polish fur farms.
Effector-independent brain network for auditory-motor integration: fMRI evidence from singing and cello playing
Authors: Segado Melanie , Zatorre Robert J. , Penhune Virginia B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany everyday tasks share high-level sensory goals but differ in the movements used to accomplish them. One example of this is musical pitch regulation, where the same notes can be produced using the vocal system or a musical instrument controlled by the hands. Cello playing has previously been shown to rely on brain structures within the singing network for performance of single notes, except in areas related to primary motor control, suggesting that the brain networks for auditory feedback processing and sensorimotor integration may be shared (Segado et al. 2018). However, research has shown that singers and cellists alike can continue singing/playing in tune even in the absence of auditory feedback (Chen et al. 2013, Kleber et al. 2013), so different paradigms are required to test feedback monitoring and control mechanisms. In singing, auditory pitch feedback perturbation paradigms have been used to show that singers engage a network of brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula (aINS), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) when compensating for altered pitch feedback, and posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) when ignoring it (Zarate et al. 2005, 2008). To determine whether the brain networks for cello playing and singing directly overlap in these sensory-motor integration areas, in the present study expert cellists were asked to compensate for or ignore introduced pitch perturbations when singing/playing during fMRI scanning. We found that cellists were able to sing/play target tones, and compensate for and ignore introduced feedback perturbations equally well. Brain activity overlapped for singing and playing in IPS and SMG when compensating, and pSTG and dPMC when ignoring; differences between singing/playing across all three conditions were most prominent in M1, centered on the relevant motor effectors (hand, larynx). These findings support the hypothesis that pitch regulation during cello playing relies on structures within the singing network and suggests that differences arise primarily at the level of forward motor control.HighlightsExpert cellists were asked to compensate for or ignore introduced pitch perturbations when singing/playing during fMRI scanning.Cellists were able to sing/play target tones, and compensate for and ignore introduced feedback perturbations equally well.Brain activity overlapped for singing and playing in IPS and SMG when compensating, and pSTG and dPMC when ignoring.Differences between singing/playing across were most prominent in M1, centered around the relevant motor effectors (hand, larynx)Findings support the hypothesis that pitch regulation during cello playing relies on structures within the singing network with differences arising primarily at the level of forward motor control
Assembly and Validation of Two Gap-free Reference Genomes forXian/indicaRice Reveals Insights into Plant Centromere Architecture
Authors: Song Jia-Ming , Xie Wen-Zhao , Wang Shuo , Guo Yi-Xiong , Koo Dal-Hoe , Kudrna Dave , Huang Yicheng , Feng Jia-Wu , Zhang Wenhui , Zhou Yong , Zuccolo Andrea , Long Evan , Lee Seunghee , Talag Jayson , Zhou Run , Zhu Xi-Tong , Yuan Daojun , Udall Joshua , Xie Weibo , Wing Rod A. , Zhang Qifa , Poland Jesse , Zhang Jianwei , Chen Ling-Ling 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa), a major staple throughout the world and a model system for plant genomics and breeding, was the first crop genome completed almost two decades ago. However, all sequenced genomes to date contain gaps and missing sequences. Here, we report, for the first time, the assembly and analyses of two gap-free reference genome sequences of the eliteO. sativa xian/indicarice varieties ‘Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)’ and ‘Minghui 63 (MH63)’ that are being used as a model system to study heterosis. Gap-free reference genomes also provide global insights into the structure and function of centromeres. All rice centromeric regions share conserved centromere-specific satellite motifs but with different copy numbers and structures. Importantly, we demonstrate that >1,500 genes are located in centromere regions, of which ~15.6% are actively transcribed. The generation and release of both the ZS97 and MH63 gap-free genomes lays a solid foundation for the comprehensive study of genome structure and function in plants and breed climate resilient varieties for the 21stcentury.
In vivovisualization of pig vagus nerve ‘vagotopy’ using ultrasound
Authors: Settell Megan L. , Kasole Maïsha , Skubal Aaron C. , Knudsen Bruce E. , Nicolai Evan N. , Huang Chengwu , Zhou Chenyun , Trevathan James K. , Upadhye Aniruddha , Kolluru Chaitanya , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Williams Justin C. , Suminski Aaron J. , Grill Warren M. , Pelot Nicole A. , Chen Shigao , Ludwig Kip A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlacement of the clinical vagus nerve stimulating cuff is a standard surgical procedure based on anatomical landmarks, with limited patient specificity in terms of fascicular organization or vagal anatomy. As such, the therapeutic effects are generally limited by unwanted side effects of neck muscle contractions, demonstrated by previous studies to result from stimulation of 1) motor fibers near the cuff in the superior laryngeal and 2) motor fibers within the cuff projecting to the recurrent laryngeal.ObjectiveThe use of patient-specific visualization of vagus nerve fascicular organization could better inform clinical cuff placement and improve clinical outcomes.MethodsThe viability of ultrasound, with the transducer in the surgical pocket, to visualize vagus nerve fascicular organization (i.e. vagotopy) was characterized in a pig model. Ultrasound images were matched to post-mortem histology to confirm the utility of ultrasound in identifying fascicular organization.ResultsHigh-resolution ultrasound accurately depicted the vagotopy of the pig vagus nerve intra-operatively, as confirmed via histology. The stereotypical pseudo-unipolar cell body aggregation at the nodose ganglion was identifiable, and these sensory afferent fascicular bundles were traced down the length of the vagus nerve. Additionally, the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified via ultrasound.ConclusionsIntraoperative visualization of vagotopy and surrounding nerves using ultrasound is a novel approach to optimize stimulating cuff placement, avoid unwanted activation of motor nerve fibers implicated in off-target effects, and seed patient-specific models of vagal fiber activation to improve patient outcomes.
Response of Soil Microbiome Structure to Biological Control Agents (BCAs) in Strawberry Greenhouse
Authors: Liu Senlin , Hassan Khan Muzammil , Yuan Zhongyuan , Hussain Sarfraz , Cao Hui , Liu Yabo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContinuous cropping always leads to severe abiotic and biotic problems, especially the high-intensity land utilization in greenhouses, which causes widespread concern. Effective Microorganisms (EM) andBacillus subtilis(BS) have been widely used to promote plant growth and increase yields as biological control agents (BCAs). However, their effects on soil microbes are obscure. To regulate the microbial community in continuous cropping strawberry soils, we developed four soil amendments by combining EM and BS with compost. The amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal ribosomal markers was applied to study the response of the soil microbiome structure. We noticed a sharp increase in bacterial diversity after the addition of EM-treated high compost and BS-treated low compost, while there was no significant change in fungal diversity among treatments. Interestingly, both the relative abundance and FUNGuild predictions was consistent in revealing that BCAs may inhibit fungal pathogens in soils. Correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial community was indirectly driven by soil properties. Co-occurrence networks demonstrated that BCAs could be microecologically homogeneous through enhancing bacterial network complexity and modularity. Collectively, EM-treated high compost and BS-treated low compost can well regulate the microbial community structure and thus maintain soil health.