bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary rate variation among genes involved in galactomannan biosynthesis in Coffea canephora
Authors: Ogutu Collins , Cherono Sylvia , Ntini Charmaine , Mollah Mohammad Dulal , Zhao Lei , Belal Mohammad A. , Han Yuepeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe endosperm cell walls of mature coffee seeds accumulate large amounts of mannan storage polysaccharides, which serve as nutrient reserve for embryo and contribute to beverage quality. Our study investigated the evolutionary patterns of key galactomannan (GM) biosynthesis genes using dN/dS ratio, synteny, and phylogenetic analysis and detected heterogeneity in rate of evolution among gene copies. Selection ratio index revealed evidence of positive selection in the branch editing gene Coffea canephora alpha (α) galactosidase (Cc‐alpha Gal) at Cc11_g15950 copy (ω = 1.12), whereas strong purifying selection on deleterious mutations was observed in the Coffea canephora uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucose 4′‐epimerase (Cc‐UG4E) and Coffea canephora mannose‐1P guanylytransferase (Cc‐MGT) genes controlling the crucial nucleotide carbon sugar building blocks flux in the pathway. Relatively low sequence diversity and strong syntenic linkages were detected in all GM pathway genes except in Cc‐alpha Gal, which suggests a correlation between selection pressure and nucleotide diversity or synteny analysis. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed independent evolution or expansion of GM pathway genes in different plant species, with no obvious inferable clustering patterns according to either gene family or congruent with evolutionary plants lineages tested due to high dynamic nature and specific biochemical cell wall modification requirements. Altogether, our study shows a significant high rate of evolutionary variation among GM pathway genes in the diploid C. canephora and demonstrates the inherent variation in evolution of gene copies and their potential role in understanding selection rates in a homogenously connected metabolic pathway.
Rheological analysis of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids using Marsh funnel: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamics modeling
Authors: Li Zhaochuan , Zheng Lihui , Huang Weian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the drilling industry, Marsh funnel viscosity is only a dynamic viscosity and cannot characterize actual rheology. Thus, measuring rheology using a Marsh funnel has been drawing considerable attention. In this study, we develop simplified mathematical models for wall shear rate, wall shear stress, and their consistency plots. Moreover, we propose mathematical models for the rheological parameters of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. We compare the results of the present model with those of a ZNN‐6 viscometer, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and other analytical models. According to the quantitative analysis results, the average systematic error of the Newtonian, apparent, and plastic viscosities between the present model and the ZNN‐6 viscometer measurements is 1.35%, 8.18%, and 5.42%, respectively. The average systematic error of the yield stress is 21.43%, which is under the controllable scope. Meanwhile, results of the qualitative analysis reveal that the present model for the wall shear rate and stress agrees with the CFD model. Moreover, the flow field inside the Marsh funnel is axisymmetric and has a component velocity in the horizontal direction. In summary, the proposed model is accurate, concise, available for field applications, and beneficial for a successful and safe drilling operation. Furthermore, the CFD approach is a necessary complement to exploring the actual field flow inside the Marsh funnel.
Evolution and application of airflow permeability characteristics of gob in roof cutting and pressure releasing mining method
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Du Yunfei , Wang Liang , Zhao San 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCutting roof and release pressure technology has changed the pressure transmission mode of the roof and the caving characteristics of roof rock, which in turn has changed the permeability evolution of the gob. To obtain the permeability characteristics of the gob for the roof cutting and pressure releasing mining method, a mathematical model for the gob voidage and permeability was established by analyzing the overlying strata movement law and the lateral stress variation in the gob. The airflow migration law of haulage roadway 12 201 in Halagou coal mine was studied using Fluent software and an established mathematical model. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: The overburden pressure and lateral stress in the gob gradually increase with the advancement of the working face; along the direction of the retaining roadway, there are two roadway windflows entering the critical zones (the 22‐100 m and 390‐398 m sections). The inflow at these two sections accounted for 59% of the total air inflow, of which the most critical is the 28‐53 m section, which accounts for 43% of the total air inflow in the two severe air leakage sections. The findings of this work provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of antileakage technology in the gob under the roof cutting and pressure releasing mining method and help reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion in the gob.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nickel and Zinc to a Laboratory Cultured Mayfly (Neocloeon triangulifer) in Aqueous but Fed Exposures
Authors: Soucek David J. , Dickinson Amy , Schlekat Chris , Van Genderen Eric , Hammer Edward J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aquatic insects are poorly represented in water quality criteria, and previous studies have suggested a lack of sensitivity in acute toxicity tests despite observational studies demonstrating the contrary. Our objectives were to determine the toxicity of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer in fed acute (96-h) and chronic exposures to estimate aqueous effect concentrations while acknowledging the importance of dietary exposure for these insects. For the chronic tests, we conducted preliminary full–life cycle (~25–30 d) and subchronic (14 d) exposures to compare the relative sensitivity of the 2 test durations under similar conditions (i.e., feeding rates). Observing similar sensitivity, we settled on 14 d as the definitive test duration. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to determine how much food could be added to a given volume of water while minimally impacting dissolved metal recovery; a ratio of food dry mass to water volume (&lt;0.005) achieved this. In the 14-d tests, we obtained a median lethal concentration and most sensitive chronic endpoint of 147 and 23 µg/L dissolved Ni (acute to chronic ratio [ACR] = 6.4), respectively, and 81 (mean value) and 10 µg/L dissolved Zn (ACR = 8.1), respectively. The acute values are orders of magnitude lower than previously published values for mayflies, probably most importantly due to the presence of dietary exposure but also potentially with some influence of organism age and test temperature. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1196–1206. © 2020 SETAC
Incorporating external information to improve sparse signal detection in rare‐variant gene‐set‐based analyses
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Gelfman Sahar , McCarthy Janice , Harms Matthew B. , Moreno Cristiane A.M. , Goldstein David B. , Allen Andrew S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGene‐set analyses are used to assess whether there is any evidence of association with disease among a set of biologically related genes. Such an analysis typically treats all genes within the sets similarly, even though there is substantial, external, information concerning the likely importance of each gene within each set. For example, for traits that are under purifying selection, we would expect genes showing extensive genic constraint to be more likely to be trait associated than unconstrained genes. Here we improve gene‐set analyses by incorporating such external information into a higher‐criticism‐based signal detection analysis. We show that when this external information is predictive of whether a gene is associated with disease, our approach can lead to a significant increase in power. Further, our approach is particularly powerful when the signal is sparse, that is when only a small number of genes within the set are associated with the trait. We illustrate our approach with a gene‐set analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and implicate a number of gene‐sets containing SOD1 and NEK1 as well as showing enrichment of small p values for gene‐sets containing known ALS genes. We implement our approach in the R package wHC.
Messtechnische Begleitung der Einbringung einer Tragbohle mittels Vibration und Schlagrammung
Authors: Beuße Jannik , Grabe Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie lagegetreue Installation kombinierter Stahlspundwände ist weiterhin eine Herausforderung. Deformierte oder von ihrer geplanten Lage abweichende Tragbohlen können zu einem Systemversagen führen. Es gibt nur vereinzelt Empfehlungen, wie das Einbringgerät und die Rammführung passend zum Boden und der einzubringenden Tragbohle zu wählen ist. Zusätzlich wird der Nachweis für kombinierte Wände nur für den Endzustand erbracht, obwohl das Tragverhalten durch den Installationsprozess beeinflusst wird, sodass Richtlinien für die Auswahl einer zielführenden Rammkonfiguration sowie ein Nachweisverfahren unter Berücksichtigung der Einflüsse aus dem Einbringverfahren benötigt werden. Um die Dynamik des Installationsprozesses von Tragbohlen genauer zu untersuchen, wird die Einbringung einer Tragbohle mittels Vibration und Schlagrammung im Rostocker Hafen untersucht. Dabei werden die Beschleunigungen, Dehnungen und Neigungen an der Tragbohle gemessen. Zusätzlich werden die Beschleunigungen an der Rammführung und am Einbringgerät gemessen, um deren Einfluss auf das Bewegungsverhalten der Tragbohle zu untersuchen. Die resultierende Verformung und die Lage der Tragbohle im Endzustand kann ermittelt werden.
Changes in the transcriptional fingerprint of satellite glial cells following peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Jager Sara E. , Pallesen Lone T. , Richner Mette , Harley Peter , Hore Zoe , McMahon Stephen , Denk Franziska , Vægter Christian B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSatellite glial cells (SGCs) are homeostatic cells enveloping the somata of peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons. A wide variety of neuronal stressors trigger activation of SGCs, contributing to, for example, neuropathic pain through modulation of neuronal activity. However, compared to neurons and other glial cells of the nervous system, SGCs have received modest scientific attention and very little is known about SGC biology, possibly due to the experimental challenges associated with studying them in vivo and in vitro. Utilizing a recently developed method to obtain SGC RNA from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we took a systematic approach to characterize the SGC transcriptional fingerprint by using next‐generation sequencing and, for the first time, obtain an overview of the SGC injury response. Our RNA sequencing data are easily accessible in supporting information in Excel format. They reveal that SGCs are enriched in genes related to the immune system and cell‐to‐cell communication. Analysis of SGC transcriptional changes in a nerve injury‐paradigm reveal a differential response at 3 days versus 14 days postinjury, suggesting dynamic modulation of SGC function over time. Significant downregulation of several genes linked to cholesterol synthesis was observed at both time points. In contrast, regulation of gene clusters linked to the immune system (MHC protein complex and leukocyte migration) was mainly observed after 14 days. Finally, we demonstrate that, after nerve injury, macrophages are in closer physical proximity to both small and large DRG neurons, and that previously reported injury‐induced proliferation of SGCs may, in fact, be proliferating macrophages.
Late life education and cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Peeters Geeske , Kenny Rose Anne , Lawlor Brian 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe potential role of education attained after the age of 50, for example, vocational training or recreational courses, in cognitive reserve has been unexplored. We examined the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between late life education (LLE) and global cognitive function in older adults.MethodsA total of 5306 participants (50+ years) in The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing answered questions about highest level of education completed and LLE (2010). Cognitive function was defined as the number of errors on the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) assessed in 2010 and 2014. The association between LLE and MoCA‐errors was examined using Poisson regression stratified by level of education. Sensitivity analyses were done to examine reverse causation and selection bias.ResultsIn those with primary/no (n = 1312, incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.70‐0.99) and secondary education (n = 2208, IRR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80‐0.97), but not tertiary education (n = 1786, IRR = 0.93, CI = 0.86‐1.00), participating in LLE was associated with lower rate of MoCA errors. The prospective association between LLE and 4‐year change in MoCA‐errors was (borderline) statistically significant in those with primary/no education only (IRR = 0.86, CI = 0.74‐1.00). Sensitivity analyses supported robustness of the findings.ConclusionsLLE may contribute to cognitive reserve and be a useful intervention to mitigate the increased risk of cognitive decline associated with low levels of education.
Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases From 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD
Authors: Paik James M. , Golabi Pegah , Younossi Youssef , Mishra Alita , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) are main causes of chronic liver disease. We assessed the global incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) related to chronic liver disease (primary liver cancer [LC] and cirrhosis).

Approach and Results
We obtained data from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. In 2017, there were 2.14 million liver‐related deaths (2.06‐2.30 million), representing an 11.4% increase since 2012 (16.0% increase in LC deaths; 8.7% increase in cirrhosis deaths). LC and cirrhosis accounted for 38.3% and 61.7%, respectively, of liver deaths (LC and cirrhosis deaths were related to HBV [39% and 29%], HCV [29% and 26%], ALD [16% and 25%], and NAFLD [8% and 9%]). Between 2012 and 2017, age‐standardized incidence rate, age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), and age‐standardized DALY rate increased for LC from 11.1 to 11.8, 10.1 to 10.2, and 250.4 to 253.6 per 100,000, respectively. Although age‐standardized incidence rate for cirrhosis increased from 66.0 to 66.3, ASDR and age‐standardized DALY rate decreased from 17.1 to 16.5 and 532.9 to 510.7, respectively. The largest increase in ASDR for LC occurred in Eastern Europe (annual percent change [APC] = 2.18% [0.89%‐3.49%]), whereas the largest decrease occurred in high‐income Asia Pacific (APC = −2.88% [−3.58 to −2.18%]). ASDR for LC‐NAFLD and ALD increased annually by 1.42% (1.00%‐1.83%) and 0.53% (0.08‐0.89), respectively, whereas there were no increases for HBV (P = 0.224) and HCV (P = 0.054). ASDR for cirrhosis‐NAFLD increased (APC = 0.29% [0.01%‐0.59%]) but decreased for ALD (APC = −0.44% [−0.78% to −0.40%]), HCV (APC = −0.50% [−0.81% to −0.18%]), and HBV (APC = −1.43% [−1.71% to −0.40%]).

Conclusions
From 2012 to 2017, the global burden of LC and cirrhosis has increased. Viral hepatitis remains the most common cause of liver deaths, and NAFLD is the most rapidly growing contributor to liver mortality and morbidity.
NINA/LILA debtors under the Portuguese Insolvency Act: A hidden problem in plain sight?
Authors: Frade Catarina , de Jesus Rúben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNo income, no assets (NINA) and low income, low assets (LILA) debtors are a non‐negligible part of the increasingly ‘financialized’ market economy. Falling outside the financial market or accessing it through low quality financial products, NINA/LILA debtors appear to be under prioritized by both legal and judicial regimes and public policies. Focusing on the legal and judicial dimension, and taking as an illustration the Portuguese context, we discuss how preinsolvency and insolvency solutions still remain ill‐adjusted for such cases. In spite the existence of some legal provisions aiming at fostering access to law and courts regardless individuals' financial conditions, they do not perform very well with insolvent debtors lacking a regular income. Addicionally, there are non‐legal barriers that prevent those with less economic means to fight properly for their social and economic rights.
β‐Selective C−H Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Thiophenes, Pyrroles, and Furans
Authors: Liu Luo‐Yan , Qiao Jennifer X. , Ewing William R. , Yeung Kap‐Sun , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA general β‐C−H arylation of electron‐deficient thiophenes, pyrroles, and furans has been developed using ligand‐modulated palladium catalyst. The use of a modified norbornene is crucial for reversing the conventional α‐selectivity of these substrates. This method features good yields, high β‐selectivity, and good tolerance of functional groups.
Repression of Kisspeptin1 weakens hydrogen peroxide‐caused injury in HTR8 cells via adjusting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Han Qingfang , Zhang Wenke , Lu Caixia , Wu Jixia , An Shujing , Zhang Shiqian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKisspeptin1 (KISS1) is a tumor metastatic suppressor, and its increased expression is validated in human placenta trophoblast cells. Nonetheless, the actions of KISS1 in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐impaired human trophoblast HTR8 cells still remain imprecise. This research aims to uncover whether KISS1 can mitigate H2O2‐triggered cell injury. HTR8 cells were pretreated with 250 μM H2O2 for 4 hours; the autophagic markers (Beclin‐1 and LC3B), cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were appraised. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot trials were enforced for the valuation of KISS1 mRNA and protein levels. After si‐KISS1 transfection and 3‐MA manipulation, the aforesaid biological processes were reassessed for ascertaining the influences of repressed KISS1 in H2O2‐impaired HTR8 cells. Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway was eventually estimated. H2O2 enhanced Beclin‐1 and LC3B expression, restricted cell viability, and invasion, and meanwhile caused apoptosis. The elevation of KISS1 evoked by H2O2 was observed in HTR8 cells. In addition, silencing KISS1 was distinctly annulled the function of H2O2 in HTR8 cells. Eventually, we observed that the repression of KISS1 triggered the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in HTR8 cells under H2O2 management. The diverting research unveiled that KISS1 repression eased H2O2‐caused HTR8 cells injury via mediating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Fractional occupation numbers and self‐interaction correction‐scaling methods with the Fermi‐Löwdin orbital self‐interaction correction approach
Authors: Aquino Fredy W. , Shinde Ravindra , Wong Bryan M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a new assessment of the Fermi‐Löwdin orbital self‐interaction correction (FLO‐SIC) approach with an emphasis on its performance for predicting energies as a function of fractional occupation numbers (FONs) for various multielectron systems. Our approach is implemented in the massively parallelized NWChem quantum chemistry software package and has been benchmarked on the prediction of total energies, atomization energies, and ionization potentials of small molecules and relatively large aromatic systems. Within our study, we also derive an alternate expression for the FLO‐SIC energy gradient expressed in terms of gradients of the Fermi‐orbital eigenvalues and revisit how the FLO‐SIC methodology can be seen as a constrained unitary transformation of the canonical Kohn–Sham orbitals. Finally, we conclude with calculations of energies as a function of FONs using various SIC‐scaling methods to test the limits of the FLO‐SIC formalism on a variety of multielectron systems. We find that these relatively simple scaling methods do improve the prediction of total energies of atomic systems as well as enhance the accuracy of energies as a function of FONs for other multielectron chemical species.
Amplified oxadiazole derivative nano MgO–multiwall carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of dopamine in presence of morphine
Authors: Vafaee‐Shahi Shohre , Shishehbore M. Reza , Sheibani Ali , Tabatabaee Masoumeh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report the fabrication of an amplified sensor to determine dopamine in the presence of morphine based on nano‐MgO, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and an oxadiazole derivative. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalyic activity of the sensor toward the oxidation of dopamine were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the redox features of the sensor, and the results have shown that dopamine overpotential oxidation at the surface of the sensor was reduced to nearly 460 mV. The diffusion coefficient was estimated by chronoamperometry. Three segmented linear dynamic ranges over the range 0.05–5175.0 and detection limit of 0.021 μM for the quantification of dopamine were obtained using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The modified nanocomposite carbon paste electrode, which showed excellent sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility, was satisfactorily employed to determine dopamine and morphine in actual samples.
Diagnostic performance of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent in assessing the iron status
Authors: Chinudomwong Pawadee , Binyasing Aleeyas , Trongsakul Rangsiri , Paisooksantivatana Karan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET‐He) is rapid, convenient, and cost‐effective. Yet, researches on its performance in diagnosing iron deficiency with concurrent inflammation are limited. Hence, this study investigated RET‐He value in various states, including inflammation, and evaluated its diagnostic performance in iron status assessment.MethodsRetrospectively, 953 clinical data and laboratory results—complete blood count, reticulocyte count, RET‐He, and serum ferritin—were reviewed. Patients on iron therapy were excluded. Iron status was defined by serum ferritin as the reference method. RET‐He among populations was investigated. Its diagnostic performance and optimal cutoff were determined by ROC analysis.ResultsThree population groups were classified: healthy control, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and non‐ID anemia. Significantly, RET‐He value in IDA was lower than that of healthy control, anemia of inflammation, and chronic kidney disease (P < .0001). Low RET‐He was also observed in IDA with concomitant inflammation despite normal‐to‐high serum ferritin levels. No significant difference was observed between RET‐He values in pure IDA and thalassemia (P = .57). ROC curve analysis revealed AUC of 0.876 (P < .0001) at cutoff 30 pg, by which IDA was discriminated with 74.2% sensitivity and 97.4% specificity. Applying cutoff ≤30 pg, IDA can be diagnosed with 96% sensitivity, 97.4% specificity, 80% PPV, and 99.6% NPV. Hence, RET‐He >30 pg signifies a non‐IDA state.ConclusionIn addition to convenience and cost‐effectiveness, RET‐He cutoff >30 pg can be potentially used to exclude IDA due to its excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.