bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans– the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: DeChristopher Luanne R. , Auerbach Brandon J. , Tucker Katherine L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearchers have sought to explain the black-white coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality disparity that increased from near parity to ~ 30% between 1980 and 2010. Contributing factors include cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment disparities attributable to disparities in insurance coverage. Recent research suggests that dietary/environmental factors may be contributors to the disparity. Unabsorbed/luminal fructose alters gut bacterial load, composition and diversity. There is evidence that such microbiome disruptions promote hypertension and atherosclerosis. The heart-gut axis may, in part, explain the black-white CHD disparity, as fructose malabsorption prevalence is higher among African Americans. Between 1980 and 2010, consumption of excess-free-fructose–the fructose type that triggers malabsorption-exceeded dosages associated with fructose malabsorption (~ 5 g–10 g), as extrapolated from food availability data before subjective, retroactively-applied loss adjustments. This occurred due to an industrial preference shift from sucrose to high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) that began ~ 1980. During this period, HFCS became the main sweetener in US soda. Importantly, there has been more fructose in HFCS than thought, as the fructose-to-glucose ratio in popular sodas (1.9-to-1 and 1.5-to-1) has exceeded generally-recognized-as-safe levels (1.2-to-1). Most natural foods contain a ~ 1-to-1 ratio. In one recent study, ≥5 times/wk. consumers of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks/and apple juice-high excess-free-fructose beverages–were more likely to have CHD, than seldom/never consumers.MethodsJackson-Heart-Study data of African Americans was used to test the hypothesis that regular relative to low/infrequent intake of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks increases CHD risk, but not orange juice-a low excess-free-fructose juice. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios using prospective data of 3407–3621 participants, aged 21–93 y (mean 55 y).ResultsAfrican Americans who consumed HFCS sweetend soda 5-6x/wk. or any combination of HFCS sweetened soda and/or fruit drinks ≥3 times/day had ~ 2 (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03–4.20,P = 0.041) and 2.5–3 times higher CHD risk (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.15–7.76;P = 0.025), respectively, than never/seldom consumers, independent of confounders. There were no associations with diet-soda or 100% orange-juice, which has a similar glycemic profile as HFCS sweetened soda, but contains a ~ 1:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio.ConclusionThe ubiquitous presence of HFCS in the food supply may pre-dispose African Americans to increased CHD risk.
Strengthening the migrant-friendliness of Thai health services through interpretation and cultural mediation: a system analysis
Authors: Kosiyaporn Hathairat , Julchoo Sataporn , Phaiyarom Mathudara , Sinam Pigunkaew , Kunpeuk Watinee , Pudpong Nareerut , Allotey Pascale , Chan Zhie X. , Loganathan Tharani , Pocock Nicola , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In addition to healthcare entitlements, ‘migrant-friendly health services’ in Thailand include interpretation and cultural mediation services which aim to reduce language and cultural barriers between health personnel and migrants. Although the Thai Government started implementing these services in 2003, challenges in providing them still remain. This study aims to analyse the health system functions which support the interpretation and cultural mediation services of migrant health worker (MHW) and migrant health volunteer (MHV) programmes in Thailand.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted in two migrant-populated provinces using purposive and snowball sampling. A total of fifty key informants were recruited, including MHWs, MHVs, health professionals, non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff and policy stakeholders. Data were triangulated using information from policy documents. The deductive thematic analysis was classified into three main themes of evolving structure of MHW and MHV programmes, roles and responsibilities of MHWs and MHVs, and supporting systems.

Results
The introduction of the MHW and MHV programmes was one of the most prominent steps taken to improve the migrant-friendliness of Thai health services. MHWs mainly served as interpreters in public facilities, while MHVs served as cultural mediators in migrant communities. Operational challenges in providing services included insufficient budgets for employment and training, diverse training curricula, and lack of legal provisions to sustain the MHW and MHV programmes.

Conclusion
Interpretation and cultural mediation services are hugely beneficial in addressing the health needs of migrants. To ensure the sustainability of current service provision, clear policy regulation and standardised training courses should be in place, alongside adequate and sustainable financial support from central government, NGOs, employers and migrant workers themselves. Moreover, regular monitoring and evaluation of the quality of services are recommended. Finally, a lead agency should be mandated to collaborate with stakeholders in planning the overall structure and resource allocation for the programmes.
Transarterial coil embolization of an aortic root pseudoaneurym in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a case report
Authors: D’Ortenzio Robert , Cardarelli-Leite Leandro , Dhatt Ravjot , Saw Jacqueline , Heran Manraj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by arterial aneurysms and vascular friability. Surgical intervention for LDS patients carries significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the standard management of aortic root pseudoaneurysms is surgical intervention.

Case presentation
A 20 year old male with LDS presented with a progressively enlarging ascending aortic aneurysm. He underwent a Bentall-type aortic root replacement complicated by a 20 mm aortic root anastomotic pseudoaneurysm. Due to the patient’s high risk for repeat surgical intervention, he underwent successful transarterial coil embolization of his aortic root pseudoaneurysm without complication.

Conclusions
Coil embolization may provide an alternative treatment for patients presenting with aortic root pseudoaneurysm who are high risk for traditional surgical treatment, such as those with connective tissue disease.
Comprehensive approaches for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Motte Jeremias , Grüter Thomas , Sgodzai Melissa , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Gold Ralf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is the most common chronic inflammatory neuropathy. CIDP is diagnosed according to the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) criteria, which combine clinical features with the electrophysiological evidence of demyelination. However, firstly, diagnosis is challenging, as some patients e.g. with severe early axonal damage do not fulfil the criteria. Secondly, objective and reliable tools to monitor the disease course are lacking. Thirdly, about 25% of CIDP patients do not respond to evidence-based first-line therapy. Recognition of these patients is difficult and treatment beyond first-line therapy is based on observational studies and case series only. Individualized immunomodulatory treatment does not exist due to the lack of understanding of essential aspects of the underlying pathophysiology.Novel diagnostic imaging techniques and molecular approaches can help to solve these problems but do not find enough implementation. This review gives a comprehensive overview of novel diagnostic techniques and monitoring approaches for CIDP and how these can lead to individualized treatment and better understanding of pathophysiology.
Extraction and purification of ustiloxin A from rice false smut balls by a combination of macroporous resin and high-speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Wang Gang , He Dan , Zhao Fengchun , Hu Junqiang , Lee Yin-Won , Shi Jianrong , Xu Jianhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rice false smut is an emerging plant disease worldwide. Ustiloxin A (UstA) is the major mycotoxin found in rice false smut balls, which are fungal colonies in rice florets. In this study, a new method consisting of macroporous resin column chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was developed for UstA separation. UstA was extracted by a 3.81% HCOOH solution and adsorbed by XAD-4 resin. UstA was then eluted by a 40% methanol solution supplemented with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Further purification was achieved by HSCCC using a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-butanol/TFA/H2O (1/0.05/1, v/v/v). Under the optimized conditions, 225 mg of UstA was obtained with a purity of 97.39% in a single run, with a final recovery of 65.2%. An inhibitory effect on seed germination of wheat and maize caused by UstA was observed in a preliminary phytotoxicity assay.

Graphical abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants; experience of a tertiary referral neonatal intensive care unit: prevalence, complications, and management
Authors: Soliman Reem M. , Mostafa Fatma Alzahraah , Abdelmassih Antoine , Sultan Elham , Mosallam Dalia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Patent ductus arteriosus poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for clinicians, diagnosis of persistent PDA, and determination of its clinical and hemodynamic significance are challenging. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of PDA in preterm infants admitted to our NICU, to report cardiac and respiratory complications of PDA, and to study the management strategies and their subsequent outcomes.

Result
Echocardiography was done for 152 preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on day 3 of life. Eighty-seven (57.2%) preterms had PDA; 54 (62.1%) non-hemodynamically significant PDA (non-hsPDA), and 33 (37.9%) hemodynamically significant PDA. Hemodynamically significant PDA received medical treatment (paracetamol 15 mg/kg/6 h IV for 3 days). Follow-up echocadiography was done on day 7 of life. Four babies died before echo was done on day 7. Twenty babies (68.9%) achieved closure after 1st paracetamol course. Nine babies received 2nd course paracetamol. Follow-up echo done on day 11 of life showed 4 (13.7%) babies achieved successful medical closure after 2nd paracetamol course; 5 babies failed closure and were assigned for surgical ligation. The group of non-hsPDA showed spontaneous closure after conservative treatment. Pulmonary hemorrhage was significantly higher in hsPDA group. Mortality was higher in hsPDA group than non-hsPDA group.

Conclusion
Echocardiographic evaluation should be done for all preterms suspected clinically of having PDA. We should not expose vulnerable population of preterm infants to medication with known side effects unnecessarily; we should limit medical closure of PDA to hsPDA. Paracetamol offers several important therapeutic advantages options being well tolerated and having more favorable side effects profile.
The mean severity score and its correlation with common computed tomography chest manifestations in Egyptian patients with COVID-2019 pneumonia
Authors: Hafez Mona A. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is one of the main diagnostic tools for early detection and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. This study aims to highlight the commonly encountered CT findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Egypt and the mean severity score and its correlation with the imaging findings. This study involved 200 patients with pathologically confirmed COVID-19 infection; non-contrast CT chest was performed for all cases; in addition, CT findings and severity score (CT-SS) were then assessed using descriptive analysis, and the correlation between the CT findings and disease severity was assessed.ResultsThe ground-glass densities and peripheral adhesions were the most typical CT findings. Prominent interlobular septations; bronchial thickening/dilatation; CT signs of crazy-paving, halo, and reversed halo; and reactive mediastinal lymphadenopathy were significantly correlated with disease severity. The mean CT-SS of Egyptian patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was 11.2 (mild to moderate severity).ConclusionMultislice CT played a vital role in the early identification of Egyptian patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The assessment of the CT severity score of COVID-19 is essential for the extent of pneumonia involvement to help clinicians achieve the purpose of early diagnosis and accurate treatment.
Chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 and its correlation with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio: a multicenter study in Upper Egypt
Authors: Attia Noha M. , Othman Moustafa H. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The main challenge in managing COVID-19 pandemic is containment of the infection by early detection of the disease and wide dissemination of diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity. Various imaging features were identified by chest CT with different patterns from early disease to diffuse disease with complications. However, CT cannot be performed for all patients. The arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio is evaluated as a rapid and widely available test for the preliminary assessment of disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 in Egyptian patients as well as assess the correlation between the chest CT total severity score and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio to determine its value for preliminary assessment of disease severity.

Results
The most common symptoms were fever (83.2%), dry cough (77%), malaise (68.8%), prolonged headaches (48.5%), and dyspnea (37.6%). CT was positive in 79.2% of the patients. The CT features at presentation were ground-glass opacities only (40%), ground-glass opacities with consolidation (34.4%), and consolidation only (25.6%). Associated findings included crazy paving (17.5%), interlobular septal thickening (47.5%), air bronchogram (15%), bronchiectasis (12.8%), fibrous bands (8.1%), vascular enlargement within the lesion (45.6%), nodules (6.8%), pericardial thickening (5%), and pleural thickening (24.7%). The lesions were typically multilobar (50.5%), posterior (58.1%) with peripheral and central distribution (41.9%). Moderate negative correlation was observed between the CT total lung severity score and PaO2/FiO2 ratio with r = − 0.42 and P < 0.001.

Conclusion
The most common pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in multiple quarantine hospitals was peripheral and central ground-glass opacities with bilateral multilobe posterior involvement and fever was the most common symptom. PaO2/FiO2 ratio has a moderate negative correlation with the CT total severity score and thus can be used in the preliminary assessment of disease severity.
Impact of workplace ostracism on knowledge hoarding: mediating role of defensive silence and moderating role of experiential avoidance
Authors: Khalid Bilal , Iqbal Rimsha , Hashmi Syed Danial 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism through which knowledge hoarding is triggered among ostracized employees at workplace. Drawing on conservation of resource theory, the study investigates the mediating role of defensive silence in this relationship. Further, the study also examines the moderating role of experiential avoidance between workplace ostracism and defensive silence. Using multi-layered and convenient sampling technique, data were collected from 225 employees working in the hospitality industry in Pakistan. The results revealed that workplace ostracism significantly influences employees’ knowledge hoarding behavior both directly and through defensive silence. Furthermore, contrary to the expectation, the combined effect of workplace ostracism and experiential avoidance on defensive silence was found insignificant, which we have discussed. The study provides insights for managers to break the knowledge hoarding cycle and create new models for interaction and knowledge sharing among employees at workplace.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation interventions for people with an acquired brain injury. A protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluation
Authors: Mitchell Eileen , Ahern Elayne , Saha Sanjib , Trepel Dominic 
Published: December 2020

Background: New emerging evidence has demonstrated the need for effective interventions to help people living with an acquired brain injury (ABI). Evidence on cost-effectiveness, which can help inform use of limited resources, is scarce in this area and therefore the purpose of this systematic review is to critically appraise and consolidate the current evidence on economic evaluations of ABI rehabilitation interventions. Methods: Systematic review methodology will be applied to identify, select and extract data from published economic evaluation studies (trial-based, non-trial based, simulation-based, decision model and trial-based model economic evaluations) of ABI treatment interventions in adults. A systematic literature search will be conducted on the following electronic databases: EMBASE, Econlit, CINAHL, Medline, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and PsyclNFO. This review will only include cost-effectiveness analysis studies (e.g., cost per life year gained), cost-benefit and cost minimisation analyses in which the designs were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCT studies, cost-utility analyses (e.g., cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained or cost per disability-adjusted life year averted), cohort studies, and modelling studies. Only studies that were published in the english language, associated with adults who have an ABI will be included. There will be no restrictions on perspective, sample size, country, follow-up duration or setting. The search strategy terms will include the following: acquired brain injury, brain*; cost*; or cost–benefit analysis*. Following data extraction, a narrative summary and tables will be used to summarize the characteristics and results of included studies. Discussion: The findings from this review will be beneficial to health policy decision makers when examining the evidence of economic evaluations in this field. In addition, it is anticipated that this review will identify gaps in the current economic literature to inform future-related research. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020187469 (25th June 2020).
Analysis of the Natural Movement of the Population of the Tula Region: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Kalyanov Aleksandr , Darymov I. 
Published: December 2020

The article raises such an acute problem as the demographic situation in our country, including in the Tula region. The urgency of this problem can not cause any doubts. Having touched upon various aspects of life and the global practice of solving problems with the reproduction of the population, the authors considered this problem both at the micro level and in comparison with other states. The authors proved that the quality of life in the state directly affects the natural growth of the population, if you do not take into account the traditions and customs of specific countries. The authors propose ways of solving the demographic problems of the population of the Tula region.
The research base is the website of the Federal State Statistics Service. In preparing the article, the methods of analysis of grouped statistical data were used.
The Development of the Tools of Fiscal Policy to Stimulate Economic Growth in the Russian Federation
Authors: Alandarov R. , Zayceva E. 
Published: December 2020

Currently, the Russian economy is facing a number of exogenous and endogenous challenges that hinder economic growth and development. The budget policy of the state can, through the use of fiscal instruments, support declining business activity, which, on the one hand, requires an increase in public spending, including investment, and, on the other hand, a reduction in the tax burden. The paper presents an analysis of the most successful examples of using fiscal tools in modern Russia.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the domestic experience of using fiscal instruments and identify the most effective tools for stimulating economic growth.
Statistical methods, a systematic approach, and integral analysis were used as the methodological basis of the study.
Having studied the best practices of applying fiscal instruments in Russia, the authors identified the most effective tax and budget instruments. Conclusions are drawn about the greatest effectiveness of the application of proportional taxation of personal income and reduction of indirect tax rates. Among the budget instruments, spending on R & D financing, increasing budget investment in infrastructure projects, and human capital are of particular importance. Based on the results of the study, theoretical and practical proposals for adjusting the current budget policy of Russia are formulated.
Features of Forming of Profits of Commercial Banks in Terms of Coronaries
Authors: Novikov A. , Zverev A. , Mishina M. 
Published: December 2020

A significant role of the banking system in ensuring the functioning of the entire economy, by means of organizing the movement of borrowed capital between individual industries and the implementation of financial needs is achieved only if this system, and therefore its constituent elements, are stable. In this regard, the stability of the banking system should be considered as a fundamental internal characteristic, which ensures the existence and stable development of the Bank in a market economy under the influence of external and internal factors.
In 2020, commercial banks were faced with the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Russian economy and the banking system in particular. At the same time, the current situation of banks ' functioning is characterized not only by the presence of a corona crisis, but also by the internal development of the system itself, which, following the uberization of the world economy, dictates to commercial banks the need to develop and implement financial technologies and form ecosystems. In these conditions, the need for commercial banks in financial resources increases, which is reflected in the increasing role of profit in the Bank's activities and development. This article focuses on the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the banking system of the Russian Federation and the economy as a whole, and also identifies the features of profit formation and the specifics of the functioning of commercial banks in the coronavirus crisis period.
A PRODUÇÃO DA ESCRITA - UMA EXPERIÊNCIA CURRICULAR - NO COTIDIANO DA SALA DE AULA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO E DA LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Silva Patrícia Tavares da , Granja Tania De Assis Souza , Abreu Kátia Nazareth Moura de 
Published: December 2020

Neste texto, o foco é refletir sobre a produção da escrita dos alunos de uma classe de aceleração, em uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental do município de São Gonçalo, a partir de uma pesquisa de abordagem etnográfica realizada. Partindo do currículo “oficial” proposto pela política educacional local, abordam-se, também, os processos de recontextualização em que este currículo “prescrito” se insere, decorrente das práticas pedagógicas realizadas no cotidiano da sala de aula. Este estudo contribui, de um lado, para pensar o currículo e as práticas pedagógicas que orbitam em torno dele, nas suas tentativas de responder às diretrizes “oficiais” estabelecidas para as classes de aceleração e, de outro, refletir sobre a consolidação de competências comunicativas e textuais que podem surgir na produção escrita desses alunos, a partir de processos e subprocessos que estão implicados nessa tarefa.