bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allocating species in Grime’s strategy space: an alternative to trait-based approaches
Authors: Pedraza Fernando , Martorell Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Background: The three primary-strategy theory proposed by Grime identifies stress and disturbance as key environmental factors leading to the emergence of distinct plant strategies. These are defined by a combination of stress and disturbance tolerance. Plant strategies are usually inferred from sets of traits, but this may lead to circular reasoning and artificial restrictions to species’ distribution in strategy space.
Question: Can measurements of stress and disturbance tolerance be used to estimate the position of different species relative to each other in Grime’s strategy space?
Data description: Stress, disturbance, and abundances for 50 species at 25 0.5 ha sites.
Study site and dates: Semiarid grassland, Oaxaca, Mexico, 2014.
Methods: Species’ tolerance to stress and disturbance were inferred from abundances, and used to allocate species in Grime’s space. We tested if some attributes of our study species changed over the strategy space according to theoretical expectations.
Results: Most species were allocated towards high disturbance and low stress intensities. Species attributes were in line with the trends expected from their position in the strategy space.
Discussion: Perhaps because of a long grazing history, most species were tolerant to disturbance. The allocation of species in the strategy space using stress and disturbance measurements seemed correct based on their attributes. Thus, our measurements seem to reflect the basic principles proposed by Grime. Our method provides relative positions in the strategy space, and (as previous work) requires defining somewhat arbitrary limits to such space if we wish to label species as ruderals, competitors or stress-tolerant.
Damage in Cactaceae, their geographic distribution and new evidences
Authors: Bravo-Avilez David , Zavala-Hurtado José Alejandro , Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz 
Published: December 2019

Background: Field observations of damage in columnar cacti of central Mexico, and previous evidence in scientific literature, indicated the absence of systematic information about kinds of damage, vectors, and pathogens, in this botanical family.
Questions: How is the knowledge of damage and defense mechanisms in cacti? Is there a pattern in causal agents and their geographical distribution in the Americas?
Methods: A database of 58 taxa by 51 types of damage was developed from literature recorded in ISI Web of Knowledge, Cabdirect, and Google Scholar, and it was analyzed by multivariate methods.
Results: From 1,500 species of Cactaceae, only 58 have been studied through this scope. Subfamily Cactoideae has been the most studied, in particular tribe Echinocereeae (= Pachycereeae columnar cacti). Multivariate analysis grouped cacti according to the kind of damage: biotic, or abiotic. Damage due to biotic factors was sub-grouped depending on the herbivores. Damage by abiotic factors is more frequent in extreme latitudes. Fourteen species of columnar cacti were reported with herbivory and rot damage in Central Mexico, of which eight represent new records of damaged cacti.
Conclusions: The evidence from field observations, and few recent publications suggest that some generalist herbivores are becoming dangerous in this region, Future research is necessary in order to understand the dynamics of the dispersion of some kinds of damage, the role of human disturbance, and the role and changes in defense mechanisms in wild and domesticated cacti.
A new record linkage for assessing infant mortality rates in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Fell Deshayne B. , Park Alison L. , Sprague Ann E. , Islam Nehal , Ray Joel G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
Infant mortality statistics for Canada have routinely omitted Ontario—Canada’s most populous province—as a high proportion of Vital Statistics infant death registrations could not be linked with their corresponding Vital Statistics live birth registrations. We assessed the feasibility of linking an alternative source of live birth information with infant death registrations.

Methods
All infant deaths occurring before 365 days of age registered in Ontario’s Vital Statistics in 2010–2011 were linked with birth records in the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospitalization database. Crude birthweight-specific and gestational age-specific infant mortality rates were calculated, and rates examined according to maternal and infant characteristics.

Results
Of 1311 infant death registrations, only 47 (3.6%) could not be linked to a hospital birth record. The overall crude infant mortality rate was 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI, 4.4 to 4.9), the same as previously reported for the rest of Canada in 2011. Infant mortality was higher in women < 20 years (5.8 per 1000 live births) and ≥ 40 years (5.9 per 1000 live births), and lowest among those aged 25–29 years (3.9 per 1000 live births). Infant mortality was notably higher in the lowest (5.1 per 1000 live births) residential income quintile than the highest (3.4 per 1000 live births).

Conclusion
Use of birth hospitalization records resulted in near-complete linkage of all Vital Statistics infant death registrations. This approach could enhance the conduct of representative surveillance and research on infant mortality when direct linkage of live birth and infant death registrations is not achievable.
¿Torres sin alquerías? De nuevo sobre el origen de la torre residencial en al-Andalus
Authors: Castaño Aguilar José Manuel 
Published: December 2019

En el debate sobre la desaparición de la residencia aristocrática tardoantigua y su sustitución por otro inmueble distinto a la villa, Manuel Acién introdujo hace algunos años una posible vía representada por un tipo de torre. Estas torres ya aparecían mencionadas en la documentación de época emiral, sin embargo todas las conservadas eran interpretadas de forma genérica como torres de alquería. Inspirado por la metodología aplicada entonces por M. Acién, este trabajo pretende aportar más datos para apoyar aquella propuesta, aunque centrándose en un territorio más acotado, como es el de la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía por corresponderse esencialmente con la antigua provincia Bética romana.
The role of urine albumin creatinine ratio and serum β2 microglobulin as biomarkers of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Eguvbe Augustine Onovuakpo , Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu , Idogun Eshiotseme Sylvester , Akande Adeyinka Abdulrasaq 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing burden on individuals and on the healthcare system. The need to identify more sensitive and specific markers of CKD cannot be overemphasized to facilitate detection and appropriate intervention. β2 microglobulin is one of such markers of CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivities and specificities of serum β2 microglobulin and major biochemical markers of CKD, namely creatinine and urine albumin. METHODSThis was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 124 subjects with CKD and 124 healthy controls. Participants were categorized in two groups : group 1 the CKD based on persistent reduction in GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and group 2 healthy subjects as controls. Blood (serum) samples of participants were analyzed for serum creatinine and serum β2 microglobulin while their urine samples were analyzed for creatinine and albumin. Urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated from the results of the analyses. RESULTSThere was a very strong positive correlation of serum β2 microglobulin with serum creatinine (r=0.750; p=0.000) and UACR (r=0.775; p=0.000), respectively. Also, there was a very strong negative correlation between serum β2 microglobulin and eGFR (r=-0.866; p=0.000). UACR had the highest sensitivity and specificity as shown by receiver operating curve characteristics (ROC) analysis. CONCLUSIONIn CKD, UACR and serum β2 microglobulin had the best diagnostic value. Periodic renal assessment of renal patients is mandatory as they may be affected by hidden renal dysfunction.
Information Seeking in the Elite PDI Perjuangan about Gibran Election as the Solo Mayor
Authors: Fatmayani Musayyarah , Pawito Drs , Muktiyo Widodo 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to express an understanding of how information-seeking patterns among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in Surakarta relate to the issue of the possible nomination of Gibran Rakabuming Raka - son of Indonesian President Joko Widodo as a candidate for Mayor of Surakarta. This research analyzes through social media, especially Facebook, about the relationship between information seeking behavior of the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) with certainty about the issues circulating in the community. This research paradigm uses phenomenology with a qualitative approach. The source / participant of this research is the political elite PDI Perjuangan this is because according to the news circulating Gibran will run for office using PDI Perjuangan party vehicles. This study concludes that the pattern of information seeking among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) in Surakarta with information certainty needs. The need for information seeking is growing, making the PDI Perjuangan elite in Surakarta a source of information which then forms information search behavior patterns based on the use of social media, especially Facebook.
THE EFFECT OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION IN DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY OF FAMILY COMPANY AND ITS EFFECT ON FIRM VALUE
Authors: Nurdiono Nurdiono , Farichah Farichah , Wibowo Basuki , Dewi Kusumaningrum Ninuk , Mirfazli Edwin , Mohd Ali Mazurina 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relation of GCG implementation and diversification strategy in the family company and its effect on the corporate value that is proxied with returns of corporate share (cumulative abnormal return - CAR).
Methodology: This study used control variables which were size, age, and growth of the company. The hypothesis test was done by using multiple regression and an average T-test. The samples of this study were companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange that have fulfilled the characteristics of concentrated share ownership by one family. This formulated two-equation models i.e. Dependent variable for equation model I was diversification strategy and for equation model II was corporate value.
Results: The result of this study shows that management compensation, independent commissioners, and managerial ownership positively affect, while the number of the audit committee and leverage ratio do not affect diversification strategy. The next testing result was a diversification strategy applied by the family company that positively affects corporate value.
Implications: In order to conduct a controlling function, a company must plan the existence of good corporate governance (GCG) that organizes the relation and responsibility between many parties involved in the company, that a number of regulations, policies, and procedures. The implementation of GCG is expected able to guarantee the action of management in line with the interest of shareholders.
READINESS OF FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS FOR CREATIVE SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Authors: Mukhtarovna Yavgildina Ziliya , Ibragimovna Batyrshina Gulnara , Fuatovna Kamalova Ilmira Fuatovna Kamalova , Aleksandrovna Dyganova Elena , Raisovna Murtazina Gulfiya 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The article deals with the problem of the readiness of future general education music teachers for creative self-actualization. The issue is regarded as an integral personality formation ensuring the achievement of creative self-actualization and including two interrelated components – professional readiness and personal readiness.
Methodology: The research was carried out at the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication, Kazan Federal University, and based on the methods of observation, interviewing students and teachers, studying academic and methodical literature.
Main Findings: The research showed the variability of the formation of the readiness for creative self-actualization, owing to a complex of subjective psychological and objective pedagogical factors, in particular, various types of pre-university training of students.
COMPARISON OF THE CATEGORY OF POLYSEMY AT THE PHRASEOLOGICAL LEVEL (ILLUSTRATED BY YAKUT AND KAZAKH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS)
Authors: Mitrofanovna Prokopieva Svetlana , Dmitrijevič Monastyrev Vladimir , Ryskulov Marat 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the Study: Research on the meaning structure of phraseological units representing the figurative richness of language has been central up to the present. Words and phraseological units of a language represent a universal basis for polysemy development, with virtually any language unit having enough potential for the development of new meanings. The subject of the study is polysemantic phraseological units of Yakut and Kazakh that have not been specifically studied before.
Methodology: We analyzed Yakut phraseological units with four meanings and their equivalents in Kazakh. Polysemantic phraseological units of Yakut and Kazakh with a wide range of structural arrangement and a rich figurative potential for the convergent and divergent direction of semantic transfer of linguistic units of indirect nomination have not been studied before. We analyze Yakut phraseological units with the highest number of meaning transfer and compared them to Kazakh phraseological units. Semantic reinterpretation in view of the separate formation of linguistic units of indirect nomination has always been interesting for scholars studying Turkic languages.
Main Findings: Semantics of Yakut and Kazakh polysemantic phraseological units is complex due to the fact that the meaning of the original free word combination is transferred in Yakut in four directions, which makes it extremely difficult to find their equivalents in Kazakh in view of the specific reflection of the world picture in the compared languages. The limit of development of convergent and divergent semantic transfer of linguistic units of indirect nomination in Yakut is the formation of phraseological units with four meanings, which is indicative of a rich figurative potential of Yakut linguistic units. Considering that phraseological units as semantically reinterpreted separate units and set word complexes already are linguistic units of indirect nomination, their further semantic reinterpretations and transformations must be reinterpreted to a greater extent.
Desigualdade de gênero: análise da personagem feminina Helena Matoso da obra A carne
Authors: Veridiana Guimarães Veridiana 
Published: December 2019

Nesse estudo objetivo refletir sobre a desigualdade de gênero através da protagonista Helena Matoso da obra literária A carne, de Júlio Ribeiro. Busco também entender como essa personagem feminina é apresentada no referido romance e porque esse material escrito do século XIX retrata a construção simbólica da mulher na sociedade. Para isso, apresento algumas questões teóricas acerca da teoria feminista. Assim, no referencial teórico me aproprio do pensamento de inúmeros autores, dentre eles Simone de Beauvoir, Pierre Bourdieu, Judith Butler, Lucía Guerra e Nádia Elisa Meinerz, para refletir sobre a figuração do feminino. Ao final, analiso o texto de Ribeiro e sua relação com a realidade. A carne retrata os preconceitos vivenciados pelas pessoas do gênero feminino bem como o os tabus construídos socialmente para inferiorizar as mulheres.
Políticas de silenciamento da nudez de mulheres indígenas Waimiri Atroari no facebook: uma análise discursiva.
Authors: Barros Carolina Pinheiro , Araújo Thays Coelho de , Leal Davi Avelino 
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo busca analisar as políticas de silenciamento e de censura do corpo feminino indígena na rede social Facebook. O corpus é constituído por recortes de imagens retiradas da página da Fundação Nacional do índio (FUNAI), ao mostrar mulheres indígenas Waimiri Atroari na sua forma culturalmente naturalizada, ou seja, com seus seios à mostra. A materialidade discursiva analisada refere-se a postagens do dia internacional da mulher indígena, em setembro de 2018. Como escopo teórico, buscou-se auxílio, especialmente, nos conceitos de interdição e exclusão de Foucault (1988;1998). Para tratar da política do silêncio e da censura, apoiamo-nos em Orlandi (1999,2007). Os resultados deste estudo indicam o controle de circulação da imagem do corpo feminino em contextos de representação da cultura indígena. Desse modo, o cerceamento da apresentação do mamilo indígena, no facebook, interdita e exclui manifestações culturais da mulher indígena além da historicidade que ela carrega consigo.
METODOLOGI TAFSIR KONTEKSTUAL AL-AZHAR KARYA BUYA HAMKA
Authors: Hidayati Husnul 
Published: December 2019

Tulisan ini membahas salah satu kitab tafsir Indonesia, yakni Tafsir Al-Azhar karya Hamka. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitif dengan pendekatan sejarah-hermeneutis. Beberapa point yang penting untuk diungkapkan mengenai Tafsir Al-Azhar diantaranya: Petama, Tafsir Al-Azhar metode dan langkah penyusunan Tafsir Al-Azhar adalah tahlili-mushaf dengan warna dan corak keindonesiaan yang sangat kental atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah corak adab ijtima’i. Kedua, Hamka sangat getol mengajak umat Islam dalam menyuarakan tafsir kontekstual, tafsir yang selaras dengan keadaan dan perkembangan zaman. Dengan kenyataan tersebut, sebenarnya Hamka telah mengaplikasikan upaya hermeneutika dalam karyanya tersebut. Karena bagaimanapun, konsep hermeneutika-dalam makna yang sempit-merupakan usaha pembacaan al-Qur’an yang tidak hanya memberikan pemaknaan terhadap tekstual suatu ayat, namun memberikan pemkanaan kembali (reproduksi) suatu ayat terhadap keadaan (realita) dimana al-Qur’an ditafsirkan. Dengan metode tersebut mengajak kepada pemahaman al-Qur’an lebih kontekstual-universal.
Methods of Tracking Newborns: New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry, 2015–2017
Authors: Alaali Zahra S. , Longcore Nicole D. , Santos Pauline , Glaze Viola H. , Ahmad Nina 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To describe methods employed to track infants enrolled in the New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (NYSZPIR) and demonstrate the benefits of population databases to improve the process. Methods. We used patient medical records and provider outreach, New York State Immunization Information System (NYSIIS), and New York State Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Information System (NYEHDI-IS) to gather medical information. We used descriptive statistics to summarize variables and the McNemar test to determine statistical significance (P < .05). Results. We identified 109 live births from NYSZPIR mothers. Provider information was documented for 106 (97.2%) infants in NYSIIS compared with 72 (66.1%) through chart review. Collected results of newborn hearing screening increased from 82 (75.2%) to 106 (97.2%) using NYEHDI-IS. The amount of data obtained was significantly higher (P < .001) when including NYSIIS and NYEHDI-IS compared with using medical records alone. Conclusions. Public health surveillance systems can be used to track infants using data sources such as NYSIIS and NYEHDI-IS in addition to traditional methods. Using medical records alone is inadequate for locating and tracking infants and may result in high lost to follow-up rates.
Assurances of Voluntary Compliance: A Regulatory Mechanism to Reduce Youth Access to E-Cigarettes and Limit Retail Tobacco Marketing
Authors: Henriksen Lisa , Schleicher Nina C. , Johnson Trent O. , Lee Joseph G. L. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To evaluate assurances of voluntary compliance (AVCs) between state attorneys general and retail chains by assessing e-cigarette sales to underage decoys and tobacco marketing violations in corporate-owned stores (that sign AVCs) and franchise stores (that do not sign AVCs). Methods. Decoys 18 to 19 years of age attempted to purchase e-cigarettes without presenting ID in California convenience stores (n = 540). Auditors characterized the presence and content of age-of-sale signage and advertising for tobacco products. Data were collected and analyzed in 2018. Results. Corporate-owned stores were less likely than were franchise stores to violate ID requests (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12, 0.71) and to sell e-cigarettes illegally (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.88). Regardless of AVC category, advertising violations were common in stores (vaping products, 26.3%; other tobacco products, 74.3%). Conclusions. The differences in violation rates found in corporate and franchise stores imply that AVCs could reduce youth access to e-cigarettes. However, merchant education and routine enforcement are needed to better leverage restrictions on retail tobacco marketing in AVCs. Public Health Implications. Strengthening compliance with existing AVCs and establishing new agreements with retailers shown to be in violation through federal or state inspections could reduce youth access to e-cigarettes and exposure to tobacco marketing.
High Ambient Temperature and Infant Mortality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Case–Crossover Study
Authors: Schinasi Leah H. , Bloch Joan Rosen , Melly Steven , Zhao Yuzhe , Moore Kari , De Roos Anneclaire J. 
Published: December 2019

Objective. To quantify the association between heat and infant mortality and identify factors that influence infant vulnerability to heat. Methods. We conducted a time-stratified case–crossover analysis of associations between ambient temperature and infant mortality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the warm months of 2000 through 2015. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate associations of infant mortality with daily temperatures on the day of death (lag 0) and for averaging periods of 0 to 1 to 0 to 3 days before the day of death. We explored modification of associations by individual and census tract–level characteristics and by amounts of green space. Results. Risk of infant mortality increased by 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.0%, 42.6%) for every 1°C increase in minimum daily temperature over 23.9°C on the day of death. We observed limited evidence of effect modification across strata of the covariates. Conclusions. Our results contribute to a growing body of evidence that infants are a subpopulation that is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. Further research using large data sets is critically needed to elucidate modifiable factors that may protect infants against heat vulnerability.
Cannabis Surveillance With Twitter Data: Emerging Topics and Social Bots
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Escobedo Patricia , Dharmapuri Likhit 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To use publicly accessible data from people who post to Twitter to rapidly capture and describe the public’s recent experiences with cannabis. Methods. We obtained Twitter posts containing cannabis-related terms from May 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. We used methods to distinguish between posts from social bots and nonbots. We used text classifiers to identify topics in posts (n = 60 861). Results. Prevalent topics of posts included using cannabis with mentions of cannabis initiation, processed cannabis products, and health and medical with posts suggesting that cannabis could help with cancer, sleep, pain, anxiety, depression, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Polysubstance use was a common topic with mentions of cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, LSD, meth, mushrooms, and Xanax along with cannabis. Social bots regularly made health claims about cannabis. Conclusions. Findings suggest that processed cannabis products, unsubstantiated health claims about cannabis products, and the co-use of cannabis with legal and illicit substances warrant considerations by public health researchers in the future.