bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of Australia’s non-heterosexual population
Authors: Wilson Tom , Shalley Fiona 
Published: May 2020

Background Demographers have studied minority populations for many years, but relatively little attention has been paid to sexual minority groups. Population estimates for sexual minorities would be useful as denominators for a range of health and socioeconomic indicators, to monitor representation in employment, assist budget planning and inform the marketing of goods and services. Aim The aim of this paper is to present some approximate estimates of the non-heterosexual adult population of Australia in mid-2016 by sex, broad age group and state and territory. Data and methods Data on sexual identity were sourced from three nationally representative surveys: the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, the second Australian Study of Health and Relationships and the ABS General Social Survey. Use was made also of 2016 ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census) data and Estimated Resident Populations. Prevalence rates of the non-heterosexual population aged 18+ were averaged over the three surveys and multiplied by ERP to obtain national population estimates. Census data on same-sex couples were used to distribute the national estimates by state and territory. Results Australia’s non-heterosexual population aged 18+ in 2016 is estimated to have been 592,000, representing about 3.2% of the adult population. New South Wales is home to the largest non-heterosexual population (about 204,000) and the Northern Territory the smallest (4,700), while the highest prevalence is in the Australian Capital Territory (5.1%). Conclusions Australia’s non-heterosexual population is a relatively small population, but its prevalence varies considerably by age and sex and between states and territories. Estimates of this population should prove useful for monitoring health and wellbeing and for a variety of planning and policy purposes.
Understanding the motivations for return migration in Australia
Authors: Parr Angélique 
Published: May 2020

Background Return migration is often overlooked by traditional analyses of internal migration. Why people return has received even less scrutiny. Relatively few migrants make a return move, so there is clearly something noteworthy about these people and their circumstances that trigger such a move.Aims This paper explores why people make return moves in Australia. Data and methods Migration histories were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews; content analysis of interview transcripts was undertaken.Results People return for a wider range of reasons than is indicated by neoclassical economic theory. Some of the moves are linked to significant life events such as post-school education and employment. Returns also occur for less tangible factors such as amenity and climate, connections to family, friends and the extent to which a place “feels like home” are equally important.Conclusions A broader explanatory framework is required to explain why people return. The integration of migrant stories into more traditional migration analyses enriches the story of internal migration.
Special working arrangements to allow for care responsibilities in Australia: availability, usage and barriers
Authors: Temple Jeromey , Dow Briony , Baird Marian 
Published: May 2020

Background Population ageing is projected to reduce labour force growth and aggregate labour force participation, whilst increasing demand for informal carers. Increasing the labour force participation of Australians who face barriers to employment (including carers) is part of the solution to labour market pressures occurring due to demographic change and may improve the financial wellbeing of carers. Aims To examine the availability, usage and barriers to accessing Special Working Arrangements (SWA) to provide care while employed in Australia. Data and methods The 2015 ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers was used to measure the prevalence of the availability, usage and barriers to SWA to care stratified by carer status and gender. Results About 94% of workers reported access to at least one type of SWA (n=25,094). Of this group, about 22% have used SWA to care in the last 6 months. The proportions using SWA to care were highest among primary carers (64%) followed by other carers (43%) and non-carers (19%). Of those who have used SWA, about 15% wanted to use additional SWA to care in the previous 6 months, but faced barriers in doing so, with higher proportions of primary carers (24.6%) and other carers (21.8%) reporting barriers. The main barriers faced by employed carers included insufficient paid leave and/or work commitments. Conclusions A range of paid and unpaid arrangements are necessary for carers to combine paid work with their caregiving responsibilities. Labour market legislation and workplace policies should be strengthened to reduce barriers to take up of SWA.
An introduction to population projections for Australia
Authors: Wilson Tom 
Published: May 2020

Background Population projections for Australia are produced by many organisations. They differ in projected population numbers, methods used, level of output detail, temporal extent, frequency of revision, quality and purpose, and they are not always easy to find. Aims This paper provides a brief guide to many of the population projections prepared for Australia in recent years. It gives an overview of projection methods and selected results, a brief commentary on key aspects of the projections, and shows readers where to find more data and information. Data and methods Projections data were obtained from the various organisations producing projections. They are presented in order of spatial detail: national scale, States and Territories; large sub-state regions; and then local and small areas. Results The ABS and State and Territory Governments are the main producers of population projections and forecasts in Australia, and generally these projections are good quality. They cover a wide variety of spatial scales from the national level to local areas, such as SA2s. A great deal of projections data and information is now freely available online. Conclusions Population projections and forecasts can be very useful data for a wide variety of planning, policy and research purposes. But it is important to be aware of their limitations.
LIVING VALUES EDUCATION DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN
Authors: Markes Karlito D 
Published: May 2020

Education is a process of inheriting life values ​​that serve as a guideline as well as a foundation for character development. Education must be a conscious and planned process and oriented to contextual life values. Living Values Education is one of the patterns education based on life values is deemed sufficiently relevant to Christian Education as a learning process about the living values of Christianity. The Bible explicitly records that the life, teachings and role model of the Lord Jesus have practiced the Living Values ​​Education as a pattern of education. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method , through literature obtained both manually and also through an electronic data base such as Google and Google Scholer . From the literature analysis conducted, this study found three principles as the basis for character development through The Christian Living Values ​​Education . First , the values ​​of human life with God. Second , the values ​​of human life with others. And third , the values ​​of human life by itself. All three values ​​of life have the same substance, namely: love with heart, soul and mind. The hope of this research is that Christian religious educators are held on the values of life centered on Christ.
Without Funding Devolution will Fail
Authors: Chand Kailash 
Published: May 2020

We are in uncertain times for the future of our NHS.
In a surprise deal on 2nd November 2014, George Osborne, a Conservative Secretary of State for Finance, and Sir Howard Bernstein, the then CEO of Labor-controlled City of Manchester, signed an unprecedented derogation of power from Whitehall to Greater Manchester. Thus, Greater Manchester became the first English region to be handed full control of its £6bn health budget. Devolution Greater Manchester, or DevoManc as it is commonly dubbed, holds out the promise of meaningful and deep integration within the health service, and between health and social care.
TESS Reveals HD 118203 b to be a Transiting Planet
Authors: Pepper Joshua , Kane Stephen R. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Hinkel Natalie R. , Eastman Jason D. , Daylan Tansu , Mocnik Teo , Dalba Paul A. , Gaudi B. Scott , Fetherolf Tara , Stassun Keivan G. , Campante Tiago L. , Vanderburg Andrew , Huber Daniel , Bossini Diego , Crossfield Ian , Howell Steve B. , Stephens Andrew W. , Furlan E. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Twicken Joseph D. , Rose Mark , Smith Jeffrey C. , Glidden Ana , Levine Alan M. , Rinehart Stephen , Collins Karen A. , Mann Andrew W. , Burt Jennifer A. , James David J. , Siverd Robert J. , Günther Maximilian N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The exoplanet HD 118203 b, orbiting a bright (V = 8.05) host star, was discovered using the radial velocity method by da Silva et al., but was not previously known to transit. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry has revealed that this planet transits its host star. Nine planetary transits were observed by TESS, allowing us to measure the radius of the planet to be

, and to calculate the planet mass to be

. The host star is slightly evolved with an effective temperature of

K and a surface gravity of

. With an orbital period of

days and an eccentricity of 0.314 ± 0.017, the planet occupies a transitional regime between circularized hot Jupiters and more dynamically active planets at longer orbital periods. The host star is among the 10 brightest known to have transiting giant planets, providing opportunities for both planetary atmospheric and asteroseismic studies.
The Metallicity Gradient and Complex Formation History of the Outermost Halo of the Milky Way
Authors: Dietz Sarah E. , Yoon Jinmi , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present an examination of the metallicity distribution function of the outermost stellar halo of the Galaxy based on an analysis of both local (within 4 kpc of the Sun, ∼16,500 stars) and non-local (∼21,700 stars) samples. These samples were compiled using spectroscopic metallicities from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and photometric metallicities from the SkyMapper Southern Survey. We detect a negative metallicity gradient in the outermost halo (r > 35 kpc from the Galactic center), and find that the frequency of very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −2.0) stars in the outer-halo region reaches up to ∼60% in our most distant sample, commensurate with previous theoretical predictions. This result provides clear evidence that the outer-halo formed hierarchically. The retrograde stars in the outermost halo exhibit a roughly constant metallicity, which may be linked to the accretion of the Sequoia progenitor. In contrast, prograde stars in the outermost halo exhibit a strong metallicity-distance dependence, indicating that they likely originated from the accretion of galaxies less massive than the Sequoia progenitor galaxy.
Effects of Radial Distances on Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Solar Wind
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SFRs) in the solar wind have been studied for decades. Statistical analysis utilizing various in situ spacecraft measurements is the main observational approach to investigating the generation and evolution of these small-scale structures. Based on the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique, we use the automated detection algorithm to build the databases of these small-scale structures via various spacecraft measurements at different heliocentric distances. We present the SFR properties, including the magnetic field and plasma parameters at different radial distances from the Sun near the ecliptic plane. It is found that the event occurrence rate is still of the order of a few hundreds per month, the duration and scale-size distributions follow power laws, and the flux-rope axis orientations are approximately centered around the local Parker spiral directions. In general, most SFR properties exhibit radial decays. In addition, with various databases established, we derive scaling laws for the changes in average field magnitude, event counts, and SFR scale sizes, with respect to the radial distances, ranging from ∼0.3 au for Helios to ∼7 au for the Voyager spacecraft. The implications of our results for comparisons with the relevant theoretical works and for applications to the Parker Solar Probe mission are discussed.
Closure Statistics in Interferometric Data
Authors: Blackburn Lindy , Pesce Dominic W. , Johnson Michael D. , Wielgus Maciek , Chael Andrew A. , Christian Pierre , Doeleman Sheperd S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interferometric visibilities, reflecting the complex correlations between signals recorded at antennas in an interferometric array, carry information about the angular structure of a distant source. While unknown antenna gains in both amplitude and phase can prevent direct interpretation of these measurements, certain combinations of visibilities called closure phases and closure amplitudes are independent of antenna gains and provide a convenient set of robust observables. However, these closure quantities have subtle noise properties and are generally both linearly and statistically dependent. These complications have obstructed the proper use of closure quantities in interferometric analysis, and they have obscured the relationship between analysis with closure quantities and other analysis techniques such as self calibration. We review the statistics of closure quantities, noting common pitfalls that arise when approaching low signal to noise due to the nonlinear propagation of statistical errors. We then develop a strategy for isolating and fitting to the independent degrees of freedom captured by the closure quantities through explicit construction of linearly independent sets of quantities along with their noise covariance in the Gaussian limit, valid for moderate signal to noise, and we demonstrate that model fits have biased posteriors when this covariance is ignored. Finally, we introduce a unified procedure for fitting to both closure information and partially calibrated visibilities, and we demonstrate both analytically and numerically the direct equivalence of inference based on closure quantities to that based on self calibration of complex visibilities with unconstrained antenna gains.
Constraining Black Hole Populations in Globular Clusters Using Microlensing: Application to Omega Centauri
Authors: Zaris John , Veske Doğa , Samsing Johan , Márka Zsuzsa , Bartos Imre , Márka Szabolcs 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We estimate the rate of gravitational microlensing events of cluster stars due to black holes (BHs) in the globular cluster NGC 5139 (ωCen). Theory and observations both indicate that ωCen may contain thousands of BHs, but their mass spectrum and exact distribution are not well constrained. In this Letter we show that one may observe microlensing events on a timescale of years in ωCen, and such an event sample can be used to infer the BH distribution. Direct detection of BHs will, in the near future, play a major role in distinguishing binary BH merger channels. Here we explore how gravitational microlensing can be used to put constraints on BH populations in globular clusters.
Ocular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Connective Tissue Disease, and Vasculitis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Turk Matthew A. , Hayworth Jacqueline L. , Nevskaya Tatiana , Pope Janet E. 
Published: May 2020

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases may present with ocular manifestations.The purpose of our work was to determine the prevalence and type of eye involvement in RA and other connective tissue diseases through a metaanalysis and literature review.Methods.A systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from their inceptions until January 7, 2019. Conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xeropthalmia, uveitis, eye hemorrhage, optic neuritis, papilledema, orbital disease, retinal artery/vein occlusion, macular edema, retinitis, chorioretinitis, scleritis, iridocyclitits, choroid hemorrhage, blindness, and amaurosis fugax were searched for prevalence in patients with RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), dermatomyositis, polymyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren syndrome (SS), undifferentiated connective tissue disease, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA; formerly Wegener granulomatosis), systemic vasculitis, and sarcoidosis.Results.There were 3394 studies identified and 65 included. The prevalence of eye involvement was 18% in RA, 26% in GPA, 27% in giant cell arteritis, 27% in sarcoidosis, 31% in SLE, and 35% in APS. The most common manifestation was dry eye syndrome (“dry eye”; keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in most diseases analyzed, with an especially high frequency of 89% in SS. Anterior and posterior uveitis were the most common ocular complications in sarcoidosis, occurring in 16% (95% CI 3–28) and 6% (95% CI 3–9) of patients, respectively.Conclusion.Eye involvement is present in approximately one-fifth of patients with RA, and a one-quarter to one-third of patients with connective tissue diseases (other than SS at 89%) and vasculitis.
Are Salivary Gland Ultrasonography Scores Associated with Salivary Flow Rates and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Sjögren Syndrome?
Authors: Yalcinkaya Yasemin , Mumcu Gonca , Özdemir Filiz Türe , Kuruş Ramazan Esad , Ünal Ali Uğur , Direskeneli Haner , Bruyn George A. , Inanc Nevsun 
Published: May 2020

Objective.Major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is a widely used imaging technique to evaluate salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SGUS, salivary flow rate (SFR) as an objective measure of the gland function, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) as a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) in a pSS cohort.Methods.Sixty-six patients with pSS were examined by SGUS according to Hocevar and Milic scoring systems. Patients with inhomogeneity/hypoechoic areas with scores ≥ 2 in parotid and submandibular glands were classified separately as “severe glandular involvement.” Further, oral health, SFR, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) for OHRQOL were assessed.ResultsBoth total Hocevar and Milic scores were higher in 21 pSS patients with low unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (U-WSFR) than 45 pSS patients without low U-WSFR (P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Increased scores of homogeneity, hypoechoic areas and glandular border visibility were observed in patients with low U-WSFR (P < 0.05). Among these variables, homogeneity score was found to be an independent risk factor for low U-WSFR in pSS according to logistic regression analysis (OR 1.586, P = 0.001). Moreover, a higher OHIP-14 score was observed in severe parotid involvement compared to nonsevere cases (23.26 ± 21.19 vs 8.32 ± 13.82, P = 0.004).Conclusion.High Milic and Hocevar SGUS scores are associated with reduced SFR and poor OHRQOL as a PROM. The inhomogeneity component of the SGUS score is associated with low U-WSFR and is an indicator of severely affected gland function.
Performance of the ASAS Health Index for the Evaluation of Spondyloarthritis in Daily Practice
Authors: Alonso-Castro Sara , Pardo Estefanía , Charca Lilyan , Pino Marina , Fernández Sabela , Alperi Mercedes , Arboleya Luis , Queiro Rubén 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) is a tool designed to assess disease impact in spondyloarthritis (SpA), but its clinical performance is barely known. We aimed to test the clinimetric properties of ASAS HI in a real clinical setting.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 111 consecutive patients with SpA. The measurement properties of ASAS HI were tested against conventional assessment measures. Convergent validity was assessed by Spearman rho correlations, while discriminative validity was analyzed through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A multivariate regression analysis was designed to identify ASAS HI items associated with active disease.ResultsThe average ASAS HI was 5.4 ± 3.8 (interquartile range 3–8). ASAS HI showed high convergent validity against other SpA measures (rho ≥ 0.70, p < 0.0005). The optimal criteria for detecting high/very high disease activity Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) categories was an ASAS HI score > 6, area under the ROC curve 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.92), positive likelihood ratio 7.3 (95% CI 3.1–17.1), p < 0.0001. The ASAS HI items significantly associated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index active disease were “I often get frustrated” (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.2–69.4, p = 0.032), and “I sleep badly at night” (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.4–41.6, p = 0.018). As for ASDAS, it was “pain sometimes disrupts my normal activities” (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.7–45.2, p = 0.010).ConclusionThe ASAS HI is a useful and simple instrument for its application in daily practice. Given its good clinimetric properties, it could be used as an additional instrument to evaluate SpA.
Phenylalanine Is a Novel Marker for Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis Progression: The MOST Study
Authors: Zhai Guangju , Sun Xianbang , Randell Edward W. , Liu Ming , Wang Na , Tolstykh Irina , Rahman Proton , Torner James , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank , Felson David T. 
Published: May 2020

Objective.To identify plasma markers associated with an increased risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis(OA) progression using a metabolomics approach.Methods.Study participants were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and were categorized into 2 groups based on the presence of baseline radiographic OA. Subjects in group 1 had unilateral knee OA and subjects in group 2 had bilateral knee OA. Progression was defined as a half-grade or greater worsening in joint space width at 30-month follow-up. For group 1, a participant progressed when their OA knee showed radiographic progression and the contralateral knee developed OA; for group 2, a participant progressed when both knees with OA showed radiographic progression. Metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma samples collected at baseline and logistic regression was performed to test the association between each metabolite and knee OA progression after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and clinic site. Significance was defined as P ≤ 0.0003 in the combined analysis.Results.There were 234 progressors (57 in group 1 and 177 in group 2) and 322 nonprogressors (206 in group 1 and 116 in group 2) included in the analyses. Among 157 metabolites studied, we found that odds of progression were 1.46 times higher per SD increase of phenylalanine level (95% CI 1.20–1.77, P = 0.0001) in the combined analysis. Sex-specific analysis showed that an association was seen in women (P = 0.0002) but not in men.Conclusion.Our data suggest that phenylalanine might be a novel plasma marker for higher risk of bilateral radiographic knee OA progression in women.