bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff perceptions of PRN medication in a residential care setting
Authors: Stubbings Daniel Robert , Hughes Kyle , Limbert Caroline 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of staff towards psychotropic Pro Re Nata (PRN) medication in a residential care setting.

Design/methodology/approach
Three male and seven female participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings
Four themes pertaining to PRN medication emerged from the data: behaviour change, calming effect, importance of timing and perceived uniqueness.

Research limitations/implications
The participant group was not homogenous and findings may have been different in a more qualified cohort. This care setting may not be representative of other environments where PRN medication is administered. The findings do, however, highlight some of the challenges facing the administration of PRN medication in mental health and care settings.

Practical implications
The awareness of these themes is significant for improving staff knowledge, training practices and policies towards the use and administration of psychotropic PRN medication.

Originality/value
This is the first study to engage in a thematic analysis of staff views towards the administration of PRN medication.
How and when group cohesion influences employee voice
Authors: Kong Fang , Liu Peng , Weng Jie 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study examines how and when group cohesion influences employee voice.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises 215 employees from 41 workgroups in China. Multilevel path analyses were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that group cohesion is positively related to employee voice. Group psychological safety mediates the positive relationship between group cohesion and employee voice. Further, high cohesion strength enhances the association of group cohesion with employee voice as well as the mediating effect of group cohesion on voice behavior through group psychological safety.Research limitations/implicationsThis study employs a cross-sectional design and does not establish causal relationships among the variables examined. This study offers research implications because it adds to our knowledge on the situational antecedents of voice behavior.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that group cohesion plays an important role in influencing employee voice. To encourage employees to speak up, managers should pay attention to group cohesion in terms of both cohesion level and strength.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the mechanism and condition of the effect of group cohesion on employee voice, thus extending knowledge on the situational factors influencing voice behavior.
Perception and preferences of hiring managers
Authors: Chen Reuben Yong Soon , Hussain Kashif , Low Chris Kam Loong 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the perception and preferences of hiring managers toward employing airline cabin crew for management positions in food and beverage outlets.

Design/methodology/approach
A phenomenological approach is adopted for this study purposefully selecting food and beverage hiring managers and airline cabin crews.

Findings
The study concludes that with customized and effective re-training, food and beverage hiring managers are willing to employ airline cabin crews to assume managerial positions.

Originality/value
This study outlines the practicalities of re-training individuals to improve personal and organizational performance.
Macrofauna bivalve diversity from the deep northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wei Chih‐Lin , Chen Min , Wicksten Mary K. , Rowe Gilbert T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbundance, α diversity, and faunal zonation of infaunal bivalve mollusks were measured along multiple depth transects in the deep northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) covering depths of 213 to 3,732 m. Density decreased exponentially from the shallow continental slope (0.2–1.0 km) down to the abyssal plain depths (3.0–3.7 km). Diversity increased down the slope to a maximum at intermediate depths (1.2 to 1.8 km), followed by a decrease down to the Sigsbee Deep. The maximum diversities coincided with an organic carbon input of 10 to 16.3 mg C m−2 d−1, whereas the minimum was encountered at the high (ca. 52–78 mg C m−2 d−1) and low extremes (ca. 3–5 mg C m−2 d−1) of the detrital food input. Seven faunal zones could be identified on the basis of species composition with faunal changes being more abrupt on the upper slope compared to the lower slope and abyssal plain, possibly due to steeper gradients in physical variables.
Porter model of economic development at the back of an envelope
Authors: Pol Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Porter model of economic development links the phases of development with national competitiveness. His model lies at the heart of the Global Competitiveness Index. It appears, curiously enough, that there is nowhere in the economics literature a concise explanation of the Porter model of economic development. This paper not only fills this gap but also draws the line of separation between formal economic models and narrative economic models; provides a rigorous presentation of Porter model of economic development; distinguishes between the Porter development path and Porter's law of economic development; strips Porter model to its bare essentials in a single picture; and finally, shows that the Porter model satisfies the condition known as the way the world works (www) constraint.
A Minimax Regret Approach to Decision Making Under Uncertainty
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Tsionas Mike G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose a minimax regret approach to optimal factor demand under uncertainty. Regret is the deviation of any given decision from the optimal decision based on a specified set of possible scenarios for the uncertain variables. This approach does not require the specification of instrumental variables to control for unobserved states of nature, and also does not require specification of the number of possible states in advance. Importantly, ex post production shocks can be estimated using our approach, and full statistical inferences can be obtained. Econometric techniques are based on Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. A substantive empirical application is provided to illustrate the new approach.
Evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy for thymic epithelial tumors using the CD‐DST method
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhang Bao‐xun , Du Xin , Yu Zhen , Yang Xing‐guo , Jiang Yu‐xuan 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThymic epithelial tumors (TET) are frequently eligible for curative‐intent surgical resection. For locally advanced TETs, chemotherapy has been used to both reduce the tumor burden and achieve prolonged disease control. However, effective therapy for this disease largely remains to be determined. Here, we report the chemosensitivity of 100 patients with TETs determined by the collagen gel droplet embedded culture‐drug sensitivity test (CD‐DST).MethodsA total of 100 patients with TETs underwent surgical resection. The efficacy of antitumor agents on TET cells was tested by CD‐DST.ResultsThymic epithelial tumors were pathologically confirmed after surgery: two cases were type A thymoma, 17 were type AB, 12 were type B1, 44 were type B2, 12 were type B3, and there were 13 cases with thymic carcinoma. A total of 36% patients with TETs were sensitive to different types of chemotherapeutic agents. There was no significant differences in age, histological type, clinical staging, or association with autoimmune diseases between sensitive and nonsensitive cases. Type B1 and B2 thymoma were relatively more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents (6/12 and 18/44, respectively), while sensitivity of type B3 cases to chemotherapeutic agents was much lower (only 2/12). Cases with type A thymoma were not sensitive to any antitumor drugs. Among 11 chemotherapeutic agents tested in our study, the sensitivity of TETs to EPI was the highest (16%). No patients with thymoma were sensitive to Alimta (Pemetrexed).ConclusionsOur work illuminates the effectiveness of chemotherapy for TETs and provides important clues for choosing antitumor drugs with relatively high drug sensitivity to TETs in advance.
Performance of lung cancer screening with low‐dose CT in Gejiu, Yunnan: A population‐based, screening cohort study
Authors: Wei Meng‐Na , Su Zheng , Wang Jian‐Ning , Gonzalez Mendez Maria J. , Yu Xiao‐Yun , Liang Hao , Zhou Qing‐Hua , Fan Ya‐Guang , Qiao You‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe performance of lung cancer screening with low‐dose computed tomography (CT) (LDCT) in China is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LDCT lung cancer screening in the Chinese setting.MethodsIn 2014, a screening cohort of lung cancer with LDCT was established in Gejiu, Yunnan Province, a screening center of the Lung Cancer Screening Program in Rural China (LungSPRC). Participants received a baseline screening and four rounds of annual screening with LDCT in two local hospitals until June 2019. We analyzed the rates of participation, detection, early detection, and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer.ResultsA total of 2006 participants had complete baseline screening results with a compliance rate of 98.4%. Of these, 1411 were high‐risk and 558 were nonhigh‐risk participants. During this period, 40 lung cancer cases were confirmed, of these, 35 were screen‐detected, four were post‐screening and one was an interval case. The positive rate of baseline and annual screening was 9.7% and 9.0%, while the lung cancer detection rate was 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The proportion of early lung cancer increased from 37.5% in T0 to 75.0% in T4. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype. Lung cancer incidence according to the criteria of LungSPRC and National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) was 513.31 and 877.41 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively.ConclusionsThe program of lung cancer screening with LDCT showed a successful performance in Gejiu, Yunnan. However, further studies are warranted to refine a high‐risk population who will benefit most from LDCT screening and reduce the high false positive results.Key pointsThis study reports the results of lung cancer screening with LDCT in Gejiu, Yunnan, a high‐risk area of lung cancer, and it demonstrates that lung cancer screening with LDCT is effective in detecting early‐stage lung cancer. Our program provides an opportunity to explore the performance of LDCT lung cancer screening in the Chinese context.
Optimum chest compression point might be located rightwards to the maximum diameter of the right ventricle: A preliminary, retrospective observational study
Authors: Kim Hyoungouk , Chon Sung‐Bin , Yoo Seung Min , Choi Himchan , Park Kwang‐Yeol 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSome researchers have reported that applying compression closer to the maximum diameter of the left ventricle (Point_max.LV) is associated with worse clinical outcomes, challenging its traditional position as optimum compression point (Point_optimum). By locating the mid‐sternum (the actual compression site) in terms of Point_max.LV and its right ventricular equivalent (Point_max.RV), we aimed to determine its optimum horizontal position associated with increased chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was performed at a university hospital from 2014 to 2019 on non‐traumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims who underwent chest computed tomography. On absolute x‐axis, we designated the x‐coordinate of the mid‐sternum (x_mid‐sternum) as 0 and leftward direction as positive. Re‐defining the x‐coordinate of Point_max.RV and Point_max.LV as 0 and 1 interventricular unit (IVU), respectively, we could convert x_mid‐sternum to “−x_max.RV/(x_max.LV − x_max.RV) (IVU).” Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we investigated whether this converted x_mid‐sternum was associated with clinical outcomes, adjusting core elements of the Utstein template.ResultsAmong 887 non‐traumatic OHCA victims, 124 [64.4 ± 16.7 years, 43 women (34.7%)] were enrolled. Of these, 80 (64.5%) exhibited ROSC. X_mid‐sternum ranging from −1.71 to 0.58 (−0.36 ± 0.38) IVU was categorised into quintiles: <−0.60, −0.60 to −0.37, −0.37 to −0.22, −0.22 to −0.07 and ≥−0.07 (reference) IVU. The first quintile was positively associated with ROSC (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 9.43 [1.44, 63.3]).ConclusionPoint_optimum might be located far rightwards to Point_max.RV, challenging the traditional assumption identifying Point_optimum as Point_max.LV.
Associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Skrzynski Carillon J. , Creswell Kasey G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsEmerging evidence suggests that solitary drinking may be an important early risk marker for alcohol use disorder. The current paper is the first meta‐analysis and systematic review on adolescent and young adult solitary drinking to examine associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives.MethodsPsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and a pre‐registered International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) protocol (no. CRD42020143449). Data from self‐report questionnaires regarding negative correlates of solitary drinking (e.g. alcohol problems) and solitary drinking motives (e.g. drinking to cope) were pooled across studies using random‐effects models. Studies included adolescents (aged 12–18 years) and young adults (mean age between 18 and 30 years or samples with the majority of participants aged 30 years or younger).ResultsMeta‐analytical results from 21 unique samples including 28,372 participants showed significant effects for the associations between solitary drinking and the following factors: increased alcohol consumption, r = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12, 0.33; drinking problems, r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.32; negative affect, r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.26; social discomfort, r = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.27; negative reinforcement, r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.31; and positive reinforcement, r = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.17. These associations were not moderated by age group (i.e. adolescent versus young adult), study quality, or differing solitary drinking definitions. Accounting for publication bias increased the effect sizes from r = 0.23 to 0.34 for alcohol consumption and from r = 0.23 to 0.30 for drinking problems, and lowered it from r = 0.10 to 0.06 and r = 0.17 to 0.11 for positive reinforcement and social discomfort, respectively.ConclusionsSolitary drinking among adolescents and young adults appears to be associated with psychosocial/alcohol problems and drinking to cope motives.
Dependence on e‐cigarettes and cigarettes in a cross‐sectional study of US adults
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Sembower Mark A. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsCigarette smoking often results in nicotine dependence. With use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative source of nicotine, it is important to assess dependence associated with e‐cigarette use. This study assesses dependence among current and former adult e‐cigarette users on cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, compared with dependence on cigarettes.DesignCross‐sectional data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study from 2013–2016. Psychometrically assessed dependence was compared for cigarettes and e‐cigarettes among current and former exclusive and dual users of the products and among e‐cigarette users who had and had not recently stopped smoking.SettingA population‐based representative sample of US adults.ParticipantsParticipants were 13 311 US adults (18+) in Waves 1–3 of PATH reporting current established smoking, current use of e‐cigarettes, or stopping use of either product in the past year who were administered dependence assessments for cigarettes and/or e‐cigarettes.MeasurementsA 16‐item scale assessing tobacco dependence (on a 1–5 scale), previously validated for assessment and comparison of dependence on varied tobacco products, including cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, with a variation assessing residual dependence among users who stopped in the past year.FindingsAmong current users, dependence on e‐cigarettes was significantly lower than dependence on cigarettes, in within‐subjects comparisons among dual users of both e‐cigarettes and cigarettes (1.58 [SE = 0.05] vs. 2.76 [0.04]), P < 0.0001), and in separate groups of e‐cigarette users and cigarette smokers (1.95 [0.05] vs. 2.52 [0.02], P < 0.0001), and among both daily and non‐daily users of each product. Among former users, residual symptoms were significantly lower for e‐cigarettes than cigarettes, both among former dual users (1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06], P < 0.001) and among users of one product (1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03], P < 0.0001). The highest level of e‐cigarette dependence was among e‐cigarette users who had stopped smoking (2.17 [0.08]). ConclusionUse of e‐cigarettes appears to be consistently associated with lower nicotine dependence than cigarette smoking.
Yield of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) using the fly Calliphora albifrontalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a pollinator
Authors: Cook David F , Deyl Robert A , Mickan Bede S , Howse Elliot T 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSouthern highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid) from a commercial blueberry farm were placed in quarantine glasshouses and either exposed to adults of the western golden‐haired blowfly Calliphora albifrontalis (Malloch) or no insects at all over a 21‐week period. Laboratory reared C. albifrontalis were regularly released into one house to maintain a population of 1000–1500 flies. Flies could only obtain sugar from the plant flowers, and there was sufficient water from the leachate fraction draining out of each bagged plant. Berries were harvested at least twice weekly from the bushes over 21 weeks (46 harvest dates), and yield (both total berry weight and numbers) recorded. Temperature and humidity were very similar between the glasshouses, and plants were irrigated daily with 2.5–4 L/plant as per the producer's recommendations. Adult C. albifrontalis required at least 1.5 flowers/fly to survive. Both more berries (17.14 kg from 9108 berries vs. 10.43 kg from 6379 berries) and larger berries (1.88 vs. 1.63 g/berry) were produced by the bushes with adult C. albifrontalis present. Mature berries are ready to pick ≈10 weeks after flower opening. This study showed that yield between the two treatments began to differ 11 weeks after the flies were first released. Berry yield remained higher in the house with flies (11.29 kg from 6177 berries at 1.83 g/berry) compared with those plants without flies (4.98 kg from 3427 berries at 1.45 g/berry. Berry size was positively correlated with seed numbers. This is the first demonstration under controlled conditions of the ability of an Australian calliphorid blowfly to pollinate and increase yield of commercial blueberry bushes.
Live birth after robotic‐assisted live donor uterus transplantation
Authors: Brännström Mats , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla , Kvarnström Niclas , Akouri Randa , Rova Karin , Olausson Michael , Groth Klaus , Ekberg Jana , Enskog Anders , Sheikhi Mona , Mölne Johan , Bokström Hans 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe proof‐of‐concept of uterus transplantation, as a treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility, came with the first live birth after uterus transplantation, which took place in Sweden in 2014. This was after a live donor procedure, with laparotomy in both donor and recipient. In our second, ongoing trial we introduced a robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery of the donor to develop minimal invasive surgery for this procedure. Here, we report the surgery and pregnancy behind the first live birth from that trial.Material and methodsIn the present study, within a prospective observational study, a 62‐year‐old mother was the uterus donor and her 33‐year‐old daughter with uterine absence as part of the Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser syndrome, was the recipient. Donor surgery was mainly done by robotic‐assisted laparoscopy, involving dissections of the utero‐vaginal fossa, arteries and ureters. The last part of surgery was by laparotomy. Recipient laparotomy included vascular anastomoses to the external iliac vessels. Data relating to in vitro fertilization, surgery, follow up, obstetrics and postnatal growth are presented.ResultsThree in vitro fertilization cycles prior to transplantation gave 12 cryopreserved embryos. The surgical time of the donor in the robot was 360 minutes, according to protocol. The durations for robotic surgery for dissections of the utero‐vaginal fossa, arteries and ureters were 30, 160 and 84 minutes, respectively. The remainder of donor surgery was by laparotomy. Recipient surgery included preparations of the vaginal vault, three end‐to‐side anastomoses (one arterial, two venous) on each side to the external iliacs and fixation of the uterus. Ten months after transplantation, one blastocyst was transferred and resulted in pregnancy, which proceeded uneventfully until elective cesarean section in week 36+1. A healthy boy (Apgar 9‐10‐10) was delivered. Follow up of child has been uneventful for 12 months.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a live birth after use of robotic‐assisted laparoscopy in uterus transplantation and is thereby a proof‐of‐concept of use of minimal invasive surgery in this new type of transplantation.