bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a COVID‐19 world: The state of the science and a call for nursing to lead
Authors: Osingada Charles Peter , Porta Carolyn M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared 2020 the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife well before the world was plunged into a pandemic response to SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19). Worldwide, nurses are advancing critical research and policy efforts to achieve all 17 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nursing is best positioned to ask and answer how to achieve the SDGs over the next decade, and in this COVID‐19 era. In this article, we summarize the state of the nursing and midwifery literature about the SDGs. Twenty‐four publications met criteria for inclusion, with nearly half published in 2019. Findings emphasize a need for: (a) nursing curricula and training revisions to include SDG content and strengthen development of a future nursing workforce comprised of global citizens; (b) innovative and disruptive nursing research documenting advances toward achieving the SDG 2030 agenda; (c) nursing practice that operates within a SDG framework; and (d) responsive and proactive nursing policy development that foresees what is needed to achieve the SDGs. When the urgency of COVID‐19 response subsides, the world will adjust to a new normal and nursing must be positioned to lead and contribute to micro‐ and macro‐level efforts toward achieving the SDGs.
The phenology of gross ecosystem production in a macroalga and seagrass canopy is driven by seasonal temperature
Authors: Hinode Kenjiro , Punchai Peeraporn , Saitsu Mako , Nishihara Gregory N. , Inoue Yukio , Terada Ryuta 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYGlobal changes in climatic conditions are expected to disrupt marine ecosystems. Ocean warming is one of many concerns, since more than 90% of the Earth's warming occurs in the oceans. Macrophyte‐dominated communities recently have become the focus of climate mitigation due to their high carbon sequestration rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the effects of environmental variables on the phenological response of photosynthesis in entire macrophyte communities (i.e., community production). We conducted 30 monitoring surveys from May 2015 to February 2017 and collected time‐series data of environmental variables in Zostera marina (3 m depth) and Sargassum siliquastrum (1 m depth) communities. The community production and respiration from two different macrophyte communities were calculated from dissolved oxygen time‐series. Analysis of the time‐series indicated strong diurnal frequencies for dissolved oxygen, light, and net ecosystem production, whereas weekly frequencies dominated for water temperature, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and current speed. Water temperature appeared to drive mean gross ecosystem production over the course of a year and light induced variations in the short‐term and were similar in both macrophyte communities.
Avoiding high‐risk rotator cuff loading: Muscle force during three pull‐up techniques
Authors: Urbanczyk Caryn A. , Prinold Joseph A. I. , Reilly Peter , Bull Anthony M. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeavily loaded overhead training tasks, such as pull‐ups are an effective strength training and rehabilitation exercise requiring high muscle forces maintained over a large range of motion. This study used experiments and computational modeling to examine loading patterns during three different pull‐up variants and highlighted risks to vulnerable musculoskeletal structures. Optical motion tracking and a force platform captured kinematics and kinetics of 11 male subjects with no history of shoulder pathology, during performance of three pull‐up variants—pronated front grip, pronated wide grip, and supinated reverse grip. UK National Shoulder model (UKNSM) simulated biomechanics of the shoulder girdle. Muscle forces and activation patterns were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with post‐hoc comparisons. Motor group recruitment was similar across all pull‐up techniques, with upper limb depression occurring secondary to torso elevation. Stress‐time profiles show significant differences in individual muscle patterns among the three pull‐up variants, with the most marked differences between wide grip and reverse grip. Comparing across techniques, latissimus dorsi was relatively more active in wide pull‐ups (P < .01); front pull‐ups favored activation of biceps brachii and brachialis (P < .02); reverse pull‐ups displayed higher proportional rotator cuff activation (P < .01). Pull‐ups promote stability of the shoulder girdle and activation of scapula stabilizers and performing pull‐ups over their full range of motion is important as different techniques and phases emphasize different muscles. Shoulder rehabilitation and strength & conditioning programs should encourage incorporation of all three pull‐up variants with systematic progression to provide greater global strengthening of the torso and upper limb musculature.
Editor's Introduction: Best of Papers From the 17th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Stewart Terrence C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCognitive modeling involves the creation of computer simulations that emulate the internal processes of the mind. This set of papers are the five best representatives of the papers presented at the 17th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, ICCM 2019. While they represent a diversity of techniques and tasks, they all also share a striking similarity: They make strong statements about the importance of accounting for individual differences.
The histone deacetylase HDA703 interacts with OsBZR1 to regulate rice brassinosteroid signaling, growth and heading date through repression of Ghd7 expression
Authors: Wang Huacai , Jiao Xiaoming , Kong Xiaoyu , Liu Yawen , Chen Xiaoying , Fang Rongxiang , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThe plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in plant growth and development. The BR signal transduction pathway from perception to the key transcription factors has been well understood in Arabidopsis thaliana and in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the mechanisms conferring BR‐mediated growth and flowering remain largely unknown, especially in rice. In this study, we show that HDA703 is a histone H4K8 and H4K12 deacetylase in rice. Hda703 mutants display a typical BR loss‐of‐function phenotype and reduced sensitivity to brassinolide, the most active BR. Rice plants overexpressing HDA703 exhibit some BR gain‐of‐function phenotypes dependent on BR biosynthesis and signaling. We also show that HDA703 is a direct target of BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT1 (OsBZR1), a primary regulator of rice BR signaling, and HDA703 interacts with OsBZR1 in rice. We further show that GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT, and HEADING DATE 7 (Ghd7), a central regulator of growth, development, and the stress response, is a direct target of OsBZR1. HDA703 directly targets Ghd7 and represses its expression through histone H4 deacetylation. HDA703‐overexpressing rice plants phenocopy Ghd7‐silencing rice plants in both growth and heading date. Together, our study suggests that HDA703, a histone H4 deacetylase, interacts with OsBZR1 to regulate rice BR signaling, growth, and heading date through epigenetic regulation of Ghd7.
Using matrix stability for variable telegraph partial differential equation
Authors: Modanli Mahmut , Faraj Bawar Mohammed , Ahmed Faraedoon Waly 
Published: July 2020

The variable telegraph partial differential equation depend on initial boundary value problem has been studied. The coefficient constant time-space telegraph partial differential equation is obtained from the variable telegraph partial differential equation throughout using Cauchy-Euler formula. The first and second order difference schemes were constructed for both of coefficient constant time-space and variable time-space telegraph partial differential equation. Matrix stability method is used to prove stability of difference schemes for the variable and coefficient telegraph partial differential equation. The variable telegraph partial differential equation and the constant coefficient time-space telegraph partial differential equation are compared with the exact solution. Finally, approximation solution has been found for both equations. The error analysis table presents the obtained numerical results.
Changes in prefrontal cerebral oxygenation and microvascular blood volume in hypoxia and possible association with acute mountain sickness
Authors: Manferdelli Giorgio , Marzorati Mauro , Easton Chris , Porcelli Simone 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The role of the cerebral haemodynamic response to either normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia in people susceptible to acute mountain sickness (AMS) is still under debate. Prefrontal cortex near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived parameters were monitored in normobaric hypoxia at rest and during moderate‐intensity exercise in AMS‐prone and non‐AMS individuals.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The AMS‐prone individuals did not increase microvascular blood volume and showed lower prefrontal cerebral oxygenation in normobaric hypoxia both at rest and during exercise compared with non‐AMS subjects, suggesting that these changes might underpin later development of AMS at altitude.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in prefrontal cerebral oxygenation and microvascular blood volume during exercise in normobaric hypoxia and to investigate possible associations with the occurrence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) at altitude. Twenty‐two healthy individuals (age, 26 ± 4 years; peak oxygen uptake, 42 ± 4 ml kg−1 min−1) were tested in two different conditions: normoxia (NORM) and normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.13; HYPO). Data were collected at rest and during submaximal constant‐speed exercise. The peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation was measured by finger pulse oximeter. Changes in prefrontal cerebral oxygenation (ΔHbO2), deoxygenation (ΔHHb) and microvascular blood volume (ΔHbtot) were obtained by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Within 2 weeks after laboratory testing, subjects rapidly ascended to 3647 m a.s.l., and AMS was evaluated using the Lake Louise scale. Eight subjects were AMS+, whereas 14 were AMS−. During NORM, near‐infrared spectroscopy variables did not change from baseline values both at rest and during exercise, with similar results in AMS+ and AMS− subjects. During HYPO, ΔHHb increased to a similar extent in both groups, both at rest and during exercise. The ΔHbO2 was significantly less in AMS+ compared with AMS− subjects, both at rest [−3.23 ± 5.90 versus 1.44 ± 2.14 μm, P = 0.04, effect size (ES) = 1.1, respectively] and during exercise (−6.56 ± 5.51 versus 0.37 ± 4.36 μm, P < 0.01, ES = 1.2, respectively). Total haemoglobin did not change from baseline, both at rest (−1.67 ± 9.53 μm) and during exercise (−0.96 ± 9.12 μm) in AMS+ subjects, which was significantly different from the AMS− group (5.49 ± 3.99 μm, P = 0.03, ES = 1.0 and 8.17 ± 7.34 μm, P = 0.02, ES = 1.0, respectively). Individuals prone to AMS seem to be unable to increase microvascular blood volume and to maintain oxygenation at the cerebral level during exercise in acute normobaric hypoxia, suggesting that these changes might underpin later development of AMS.
Effect of novel short‐arm human centrifugation‐induced gravitational gradients upon cardiovascular responses, cerebral perfusion and g‐tolerance
Authors: Laing Charles , Green David A. , Mulder Edwin , Hinghofer‐Szalkay Helmut , Blaber Andrew P. , Rittweger Joern , Goswami Nandu 
Published: July 2020

Key points
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rotational axis position (RAP and thus g‐gradient) during short‐arm human centrifugation (SAHC) upon cardiovascular responses, cerebral perfusion and g‐tolerance.
In 10 male and 10 female participants, 10 min passive SAHC runs were performed with the RAP above the head (P1), at the apex of the head (P2), or at heart level (P3), with foot‐level Gz at 1.0 g, 1.7 g and 2.4 g.
We hypothesized that movement of the RAP from above the head (the conventional position) towards the heart might reduce central hypovolaemia, limit cardiovascular responses, aid cerebral perfusion, and thus promote g‐tolerance.
Moving the RAP footward towards the heart decreased the cerebral tissue saturation index, calf circumference and heart rate responses to SAHC, thereby promoting g‐tolerance.
Our results also suggest that RAP, and thus g‐gradient, warrants further investigation as it may support use as a holistic spaceflight countermeasure.
AbstractArtificial gravity (AG) through short‐arm human centrifugation (SAHC) has been proposed as a holistic spaceflight countermeasure. Movement of the rotational axis position (RAP) from above the head towards the heart may reduce central hypovolaemia, aid cerebral perfusion, and thus promote g‐tolerance. This study determined the effect of RAP upon cardiovascular responses, peripheral blood displacement (i.e. central hypovolaemia), cerebral perfusion and g‐tolerance, and their inter‐relationships. Twenty (10 male) healthy participants (26.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent nine (following a familiarization run) randomized 10 min passive SAHC runs with RAP set above the head (P1), at the apex of the head (P2), or at heart level (P3) with foot‐level Gz at 1.0 g, 1.7 g and 2.4 g. Cerebral tissue saturation index (cTSI, cerebral perfusion surrogate), calf circumference (CC, central hypovolaemia), heart rate (HR) and digital heart‐level mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded, in addition to incidence of pre‐syncopal symptoms (PSS). ΔCC and ΔHR increases were attenuated from P1 to P3 (ΔCC: 5.46 ± 0.54 mm to 2.23 ± 0.42 mm; ΔHR: 50 ± 4 bpm to 8 ± 2 bpm, P < 0.05). In addition, ΔcTSI decrements were also attenuated (ΔcTSI: −2.85 ± 0.48% to −0.95 ± 0.34%, P < 0.05) and PSS incidence lower in P3 than P1 (P < 0.05). A positive linear relationship was observed between ΔCC and ΔHR with increasing +Gz, and a negative relationship between ΔCC and ΔcTSI, both independent of RAP. Our data suggest that movement of RAP towards the heart (reduced g‐gradient), independent of foot‐level Gz, leads to improved g‐tolerance. Further investigations are required to assess the effect of differential baroreceptor feedback (i.e. aortic–carotid g‐gradient).
Spinal motoneurones are intrinsically more responsive in the adult G93A SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Jensen Dennis B. , Kadlecova Marion , Allodi Ilary , Meehan Claire F. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
Although in vitro recordings using neonatal preparations from mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest increased motoneurone excitability, in vivo recordings in adult ALS mouse models have been conflicting.
In adult G93A SOD1 models, spinal motoneurones have previously been shown to have deficits in repetitive firing, in contrast to the G127X SOD1 mouse model.
Our in vivo intracellular recordings in barbiturate‐anaesthetized adult male G93A SOD1 mice reveal that the incidence of failure to fire with current injection was equally low in control and ALS mice (∼2%).
We show that failure to fire repetitively can be a consequence of experimental protocol and should not be used alone to classify otherwise normal motoneurones as hypo‐excitable.
Motoneurones in the G93A SOD1 mice showed an increased response to inputs, with lower rheobase, higher input–output gains and increased activation of persistent inward currents.
AbstractIn vitro studies from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models have suggested an increased excitability of spinal motoneurones. However, in vivo intracellular recordings from adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice models have produced conflicting findings. Previous investigations using barbiturate anaesthetized G93A SOD1 mice have suggested that some motoneurones are hypo‐excitable, defined by deficits in repetitive firing. Our own previous recordings in G127X SOD1 mice using different anaesthesia, however, showed no repetitive firing deficits and increased persistent inward currents at symptom onset. These discrepancies may be a result of differences between models, symptomatic stage, anaesthesia or technical differences. To investigate this, we repeated our original experiments, but in adult male G93A SOD1 mice, at both presymptomatic and symptomatic stages, under barbiturate anaesthesia. In vivo intracellular recordings from antidromically identified spinal motoneurones revealed that the incidence of failure to fire with current injection was equally low in control and G93A SOD1 mice (∼2%). Motoneurones in G93A SOD1 mice fired significantly more spontaneous action potentials. Rheobase was significantly lower and the input resistance and input–output gain were significantly higher in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1 mice. This was despite a significant increase in the duration of the post‐spike after‐hyperpolarization in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1 mice. Finally, evidence of increased activation of persistent inward currents was seen in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1 mice. Our results do not confirm previous reports of hypo‐excitability of spinal motoneurones in the G93A SOD1 mouse and demonstrate that the motoneurones show an increased response to inputs.
Water Energy Resource Innovation on the Cavitation Characteristics
Authors: Qandil Mohammad D. , Abbas Ahmad I. , ElGammal Tarek , Abdelhadi Ahmad I. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to numerically correlate the amount of generated vapor over a hydrofoil to the lift and drag coefficients acting on it. Cavitation characteristics were investigated of a hydrofoil in the cavitating, sub-cavitating, and non-cavitating flows for different angles of attacks (AoA) with the high upstream flow velocity. The hydrofoil was tested in a square water tunnel with water entering the tunnel at various velocities for each AoA ranges from 9.1 m/s to 12.2 m/s. It was found that lift and drag forces acting on the hydrofoil follow the trend of the experimental data quite closely. While the cavitation can be identified by a unique number (averaged vapor volume fraction), the work done created an inverse correlation between this number and the cavitation number at the same angle of attack. The lift force declines with the increase in the vapor content on the hydrofoil surface, meanwhile the drag force peaks at certain vapor volume fraction, and then, a huge reduction occurs with the considerable decrease in the corresponding cavitation number. A fourth-order correlation generated between the lift to drag (L/D) and the cavitation number (σ). It was found the lift-to-drag ratio decreases by the formation of the cavitation over the hydrofoil, thus causing a drop in the efficiency of the turbomachines.
Optimization of Interval-Based Back Surface Water Cooling For Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems
Authors: Sainthiya Himanshu , Garg Navneet , Beniwal Narendra S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells degrades, when the temperature increases more than a certain limit. To maintain the temperature within the limit, we consider and analyze a back surface-based water cooled PV system. This analysis shows that the cell temperatures are proportional to the negative exponent of the water flowrates and higher flowrates increase the power consumption. Keeping this in mind, we present interval-based cooling in order to reduce the total consumed power. Moreover, the active pump duration and water flowrates are optimized to maximize the electrical efficiency of the PV system. Due to non-convex nature of the objective function, the Genetic algorithm is employed to get the solutions. Simulation results show that the optimized water flowrate for a given interval duration minimizes the consumed power in pumping system, while maintaining the temperatures within the limit.
Optimization of Al2O3 and TiO2 Blends to be Used as Erosion Resistant Coating for Mild Steel
Authors: Singh Varinder , Kumar Satish , Ratha Dwarikanath 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the hydro power plants, mild steel pipes are used to transport river water from Dam to the turbine house. This water usually contains sand particles that are also transported through these pipelines that are observed to erode the pipelines at different locations. The present study is thus conducted to investigate the erosion phenomenon of similar sand particles on a mild steel specimen. The base material mild steel is coated with two different coating powder in three different proportions viz. 70 Al2O3 + 30 TiO2, 80 Al2O3 + 20 TiO2, and 60 Al2O3 + 40 TiO2. The experiments are performed in a slurry pot tested at 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 rpm for 30–120 min. The results show that on the blending of 30% TiO2 feedstock coating powder with 70%, Al2O3 is more beneficial to improve the erosion resistance of mild steel.
Theoretical Analysis on Sequential Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Architecture
Authors: Zheng Ruixiang , Wang Yijie , Li Mian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the past few decades, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) has become a very important research topic along with the increase of the system complexity. In an MDO problem, it is very typical that multiple disciplines are involved, making the problem coupled and complex. Monolithic and distributed architectures have been proposed for solving MDO problems. However, efficient architectures are still needed. In the prior work, a sequential multidisciplinary design optimization (S-MDO) architecture was proposed that has a distributed structure that decomposes the original MDO problem into several subproblems. However, in the original S-MDO work, the theoretical behaviors were not analyzed because its mathematical representations were not clear. In this article, we present a clear mathematical representation of the S-MDO architecture and conduct theoretical analysis on the S-MDO architecture to explain its performance in solving MDO problems. The optimality condition of the S-MDO architecture is derived and summarized as a theorem and a proposition. To demonstrate the general formulation of solving an MDO problem using the S-MDO architecture and validate the correctness of the optimality condition, we use it to obtain the Pareto frontier of a benchmark MDO problem. From the spread of the obtained Pareto frontier, we can conclude that the S-MDO architecture performs well, as long as the global optimum of each disciplinary subproblem can be found.
A Shared Framework of Reference, a First Step Toward Engineers’ and Biologists’ Synergic Reasoning in Biomimetic Design Teams
Authors: Graeff Eliot , Maranzana Nicolas , Aoussat Améziane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biomimetic practice requires a diverse set of knowledge from both biology and engineering. Several researchers have been supporting the integration of biologists within biomimetic design teams in order to meet those biological requirements and improve the effectiveness of biomimetic processes. However, interdisciplinarity practices create well-known communication challenges. Based on functional representations (like SAPPhIRE or function behavior structure (FBS)), several approaches to model biological information have been investigated in the literature. Nonetheless, actual communication processes within interdisciplinary biomimetic design teams are yet to be studied. Following this research axis, this publication focuses on communication noises and wonders if a shared framework of reference can be defined to improve communication between biologists and engineers? Through the comparison of processes and graphic representations between biology and engineering design, a set of guidelines is defined to structure a shared framework of reference. Within this framework, a new tool referred to as LINKAGE is then proposed to assist interdisciplinary communication during the biomimetic process.