bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relation between corporate social responsibility and financial performance
Authors: Awaysheh Amrou , Heron Randall A. , Perry Tod , Wilson Jared I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study reexamines the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance by benchmarking firms against industry peers in a given year to identify best‐in‐class and worst‐in‐class firms. We also address distributional issues when using CSR ratings (clustering of CSR scores around the median and material differences across industries and time) and financial performance ratios (the possible influence of extreme values). We find that the best‐in‐class firms outperform their industry peers in terms of operating performance and have higher relative market valuations (Tobin's Q). When we control for endogeneity, we find that the significant relation between operating performance and CSR categories disappears, calling into question whether this relation is causal. However, we continue to find that best‐in‐class firms receive higher relative market valuations than industry peers.Managerial SummaryThe conflicting evidence on the relation between CSR and firm performance may influence a manager's decision to invest in CSR activities and an investor's decision to invest in a firm. Our research provides managers and investors with important implications regarding the value of relative benchmarking. Managers should understand that expectations of CSR performance evolve over time and that investors place higher valuations on the best‐in‐class CSR firms within an industry.
The firm as an architect of polycentric governance: Building open institutional infrastructure in emerging markets
Authors: Gatignon Aline , Capron Laurence 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWe apply pattern‐matching techniques to contrast qualitative case study data with perspectives from strategic management and institutional economics about how a firm can address voids in market‐based institutions. We identify a novel approach whereby the firm builds an open institutional infrastructure (OII) by investing in a pool of resources widely accessible beyond its exchange partners. To collectively govern OII, the firm must empower other actors within multilateral cross‐sector partnerships, and it must enforce the resulting rules through relational norms based on alignment between public and private value creation. These findings, achieved by adapting Elinor Ostrom's principles of polycentric governance to corporate actors who take the lead in building OII, advance our understanding of new organizational forms that transcend the traditional boundaries of firms and markets.Managerial SummaryEmerging markets typically present additional obstacles for business operations because they lack the necessary underlying institutional infrastructure such as access to capital and labor markets. We introduce a new way for firms to overcome these obstacles—which we call building an OII—by investing in such infrastructure themselves and making it available to their commercial partners, local communities, and even to competitors. Firms must empower those actors to take the lead in collectively defining the rules for accessing this infrastructure, by orchestrating cross‐sector partnerships. This process creates relational norms around the alignment of public and private interests, which ultimately can promote firms' competitive advantage.
Entrepreneurial teams' acquisition of talent: Evidence from technology manufacturing industries using a two‐sided approach
Authors: Honoré Florence , Ganco Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch summaryOne of the established findings in the spinout literature is that founders with prior industry experience assemble larger entrepreneurial teams and create better‐performing startups. We examine the role of prior industry experience in the startups' next stage—its hiring of new employees. We tackle two empirical challenges—the mutual aspect of hiring and the effect of unobserved variables on employees' earnings using a two‐sided matching model. Our results reveal that even firms founded by entrepreneurs without industry experience can attract new employees with such experience if the founders start with a large entrepreneurial team. Further, startups provide new hires with an earnings premium for their industry experience. Our approach illustrates the benefits of matching models over traditional regressions.Managerial summaryGrowing startups face the question of who to hire and how much to compensate the new hires. Simultaneously, prospective new hires ask which startup to join and how much their salary will be. We explore these questions using a novel method that tackles the mutual selection process. In the context of five technological manufacturing industries, we find that having industry experience within founding teams may not be necessary to attract new hires with high quality if the startup can signal its own quality through other means such as having a larger founding team. Our results indicate that startups prefer employees with industry experience for which startups offer a wage premium. Thus, employees seeking startup employment benefit from gaining industry experience prior to joining a startup.A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/w00YzYi5VqA.
Red snow occurrence in Eastern Europe. A case study
Authors: Barkan Joseph , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere was a fall of red snow in southwestern Europe as a result of a cold trough that penetrated from the north towards the central Mediterranean and Saharan Africa, together with movement eastwards. A strong southwesterly flow formed along the eastern flank of the trough. This flow transported a large amount of red Saharan dust, which mixed with the snowfall in the area and painted the snow red.
A Flexible Model‐based Approach to Delineate Wildlife Management Units
Authors: Swihart Robert K. , Caudell Joe N. , Brooke Jarred M. , Ma Zhao 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTDelineation of management units for harvested wildlife should strive to maximize homogeneity within each unit subject to constraints imposed by geography and heterogeneity in factors related to human‐caused changes in vital rates. Prior efforts to delineate management units for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) used regression to identify environmental and sociological factors related to female harvest density, followed by spatially constrained cluster analysis to select multicounty units for management purposes. We used county‐level data in Indiana, USA, from 2012 to 2017 to present a modified approach that 1) simultaneously models variation in 4 types of human‐mediated deer mortality with spatial, environmental, and socio‐cultural explanatory variables; 2) clusters counties using a partial contiguity constraint that explicitly considers nonspatial variables; and 3) relies on expert opinion to assess model adequacy and suggest improvements. Multivariate negative binomial regression of mortality from 4 sources (legal antlerless and antlered harvest, reported deer–vehicle collisions, crop depredation permits) yielded additive models with adequate fit and sizable effects for all univariate models due to latitude (standardized coefficient, β range = −0.18–0.24), and the nonspatial variables deer habitat (β range = 0.26–1.02) and hunter density (β range = 0.25–1.02). Fraction of cropland enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program was positively related to harvest (β range = 0.10–0.13), and general human development was positively related to deer collision deaths (β range = 0.25–0.28) and take with depredation permits (β range = 0.07–0.24). Clustering counties with partial contiguity increased within‐unit nonspatial homogeneity 1.7–1.9 times more than clustering with strict contiguity. Responses to online surveys by 10 agency biologists and conservation officers provided congruence (mean ± SD = 85.2 ± 3.4%) of expert and model‐derived maps and useful suggestions for incorporating a separate urban management unit. Combining mortality‐based statistical models and expert assessment offers a rigorous yet flexible approach to delineating spatial units for wildlife management that is easily adaptable for various harvested species in multiple jurisdictions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Supertranslation hair of Schwarzschild black hole: a Wilson line perspective
Authors: Choi Sangmin , Pradhan S. Sandeep , Akhoury Ratindranath 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate within the quantum field theoretical framework that an asymptotic particle falling into the black hole implants soft graviton hair on the horizon, conforming with the classical proposal of Hawking, Perry and Strominger. A key ingredient to this result is the construction of gravitational Wilson line dressings of an infalling scalar field, carrying a definite horizon supertranslation charge. It is shown that a typical Schwarzschild state is degenerate, and can be labeled by different soft supertranslation hairs parametrized for radial trajectories by the mass and energy of the infalling particle and its asymptotic point of contact with the horizon. The supertranslation zero modes are also obtained in terms of zero-frequency graviton operators, and are shown to be the expected canonical partners of the linearized horizon charge that enlarge the horizon Hilbert space.
FQHE and tt* geometry
Authors: Bergamin Riccardo , Cecotti Sergio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCumrun Vafa [1] has proposed a microscopic description of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE) in terms of a many-body HamiltonianHinvariant under four supersymmetries. The non-Abelian statistics of the defects (quasi-holes and quasi-particles) is then determined by the monodromy representation of the associatedtt*geometry. In this paper we study the monodromy representation of the Vafa 4-susy model. Modulo some plausible assumption, we find that the monodromy representation factors through a Temperley-Lieb/Hecke algebra withq= ± exp (πi/ν) as predicted in [1]. The emerging picture agrees with the other predictions of [1] as well.The bulk of the paper is dedicated to the development of new concepts, ideas, and techniques intt*geometry which are of independent interest. We present several examples of these geometric structures in various contexts.
Persistent poor glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in developing countries: 12 years of real-world evidence of the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS)
Authors: Aschner Pablo , Gagliardino Juan J. , Ilkova Hasan , Lavalle Fernando , Ramachandran Ambady , Mbanya Jean Claude , Shestakova Marina , Chantelot Jean-Marc , Chan Juliana C. N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We evaluated the secular trend of glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in developing countries, where data are limited.

Methods
The International Diabetes Management Practices Study provides real-world evidence of patient profiles and diabetes care practices in developing countries in seven cross-sectional waves (2005–2017). At each wave, each physician collected data from ten consecutive participants with type 2 diabetes during a 2 week period. The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate trends of glycaemic control over time.

Results
A total of 66,088 individuals with type 2 diabetes were recruited by 6099 physicians from 49 countries. The proportion of participants with HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (<7%) decreased from 36% in wave 1 (2005) to 30.1% in wave 7 (2017) (p < 0.0001). Compared with wave 1, the adjusted ORs of attaining HbA1c ≤64 mmol/mol (≤8%) decreased significantly in waves 2, 5, 6 and 7 (p < 0.05). Over 80% of participants received oral glucose-lowering drugs, with declining use of sulfonylureas. Insulin use increased from 32.8% (wave 1) to 41.2% (wave 7) (p < 0.0001). The corresponding time to insulin initiation (mean ± SD) changed from 8.4 ± 6.9 in wave 1 to 8.3 ± 6.6 years in wave 7, while daily insulin dosage ranged from 0.39 ± 0.21 U/kg (wave 1) to 0.33 ± 0.19 U/kg (wave 7) for basal regimen and 0.70 ± 0.34 U/kg (wave 1) to 0.77 ± 0.33 (wave 7) U/kg for basal–bolus regimen. An increasing proportion of participants had ≥2 HbA1c measurements within 12 months of enrolment (from 61.8% to 92.9%), and the proportion of participants receiving diabetes education (mainly delivered by physicians) also increased from 59.0% to 78.3%.

Conclusions
In developing countries, glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes remained suboptimal over a 12 year period, indicating a need for system changes and better organisation of care to improve self-management and attainment of treatment goals.
Relating Nets and Factorization Algebras of Observables: Free Field Theories
Authors: Gwilliam Owen , Rejzner Kasia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper we relate two mathematical frameworks that make perturbative quantum field theory rigorous: perturbative algebraic quantum field theory (pAQFT) and the factorization algebras framework developed by Costello and Gwilliam. To make the comparison as explicit as possible, we use the free scalar field as our running example, while giving proofs that apply to any field theory whose equations of motion are Green-hyperbolic (which includes, for instance, free fermions). The main claim is that for such free theories, there is a natural transformation intertwining the two constructions. In fact, both approaches encode equivalent information if one assumes the time-slice axiom. The key technical ingredient is to use time-ordered products as an intermediate step between a net of associative algebras and a factorization algebra.
Chromatic homotopy theory is asymptotically algebraic
Authors: Barthel Tobias , Schlank Tomer M. , Stapleton Nathaniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInspired by the Ax–Kochen isomorphism theorem, we develop a notion of categorical ultraproducts to capture the generic behavior of an infinite collection of mathematical objects. We employ this theory to give an asymptotic solution to the approximation problem in chromatic homotopy theory. More precisely, we show that the ultraproduct of theE(n, p)-local categories over any non-principal ultrafilter on the set of prime numbers is equivalent to the ultraproduct of certain algebraic categories introduced by Franke. This shows that chromatic homotopy theory at a fixed height is asymptotically algebraic.
Age- and Strain-Related Differences in Bone Microstructure and Body Composition During Development in Inbred Male Mouse Strains
Authors: Papageorgiou Maria , Föger-Samwald Ursula , Wahl Katharina , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe explored age- and strain-related differences in bone microstructure and body composition in male C57BL/6J, DBA/2JRj and C3H/J mice. Bone microstructure of the femur, tibia and L4 was assessed by μCT at the age of 8, 16 and 24 weeks. The weight of several muscles and fat depots were measured at the same time points. At all timepoints, C3H/J mice had the thickest cortices followed by DBA/2JRj and C57BL/6J mice. Nevertheless, C57BL/6J mice had higher Tb.BV/TV and Tb.N, and lower Tb.Sp than DBA/2JRj and C3H/J mice at least at 24 weeks of age. Skeletal development patterns differed among strains. C57BL/6J and DBA/2JRj mice, but not C3H/J mice, experienced significant increases in the sum of the masses of 6 individual muscles by 24 weeks of age. In C57BL/6J and DBA/2JRj mice, the mass of selected fat depots reached highest values at 24 weeks, whist, in C3H/J mice, the highest values of fat depots masses were achieved at 16 weeks. Early strain differences in muscle and fat masses were largely diminished by 24 weeks of age. C3H/J and C57BL/6J mice displayed the most favorable cortical and trabecular bone parameters, respectively. Strain differences in body composition were less overt than strain specificity in bone microstructure, however, they possibly influenced aspects of skeletal development.
Is four-dimensional CT angiography as effective as digital subtraction angiography in the detection of the underlying causes of intracerebral haemorrhage: a systematic review
Authors: Denby C. E. , Chatterjee K. , Pullicino R. , Lane S. , Radon M. R. , Das K. V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether the sensitivity and specificity of four-dimensional CTA (4D-CTA) are equivalent to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of underlying vascular abnormalities in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
A systematic review of studies comparing 4D-CTA with DSA in the detection of the underlying structural causes of ICH was performed on the literature published between 1998 and 2019.

Results
We identified a total of 237 articles from PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: primary intracerebral haemorrhage, 4D-CTA, DSA, cerebral haemorrhage, angiography, digital subtraction, arteriovenous malformations, 4D, CTA, dynamic-CTA and time-resolved CTA. Following the removal of duplicate publications and articles failing to meet our inclusion criteria, there were four articles potentially viable for analysis. Therefore, there were not sufficient studies to provide a statistically meaningful meta-analysis.

Conclusion
The review of current literature has demonstrated that there are few published studies comparing 4D-CTA with DSA in spontaneous ICH, with only four suitable studies identified for potential analysis. However, due to the restricted number of patients and high sensitivity and specificity of 3 studies (100%), performing a meta-analysis was not meaningful. Qualitative analysis of the data concluded that 4D-CTA has the diagnostic potential to replace invasive DSA in certain cases with vascular abnormalities. However, further research studies directly comparing 4D-CTA with DSA using larger prospective patient cohorts are required to strengthen the evidence base.
Amyloid formation of bovine insulin is retarded in moderately acidic pH and by addition of short-chain alcohols
Authors: Bernson David , Mecinovic Almedina , Abed Md Tuhin , Limé Fredrik , Jageland Per , Palmlöf Magnus , Esbjörner Elin K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation and amyloid formation are associated with multiple human diseases, but are also a problem in protein production. Understanding how aggregation can be modulated is therefore of importance in both medical and industrial contexts. We have used bovine insulin as a model protein to explore how amyloid formation is affected by buffer pH and by the addition of short-chain alcohols. We find that bovine insulin forms amyloid fibrils, albeit with different rates and resulting fibril morphologies, across a wide pH range (2–7). At pH 4.0, bovine insulin displayed relatively low aggregation propensity in combination with high solubility; this condition was therefore chosen as basis for further exploration of how bovine insulin’s native state can be stabilized in the presence of short-chain alcohols that are relevant because of their common use as eluents in industrial-scale chromatography purification. We found that ethanol and isopropanol are efficient modulators of bovine insulin aggregation, providing a three to four times retardation of the aggregation kinetics at 30–35% (vol/vol) concentration; we attribute this to the formation of oligomers, which we detected by AFM. We discuss this effect in terms of reduced solvent polarity and show, by circular dichroism recordings, that a concomitant change in α-helical packing of the insulin monomer occurs in ethanol. Our results extend current knowledge of how insulin aggregates, and may, although bovine insulin serves as a simplistic model, provide insights into how buffers and additives can be fine-tuned in industrial production of proteins in general and pharmaceutical insulin in particular.
The role of B lymphocytes in the immuno-biology of non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Patel Akshay J. , Richter Alex , Drayson Mark T. , Middleton Gary W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumour-infiltrating immune cells have been widely implicated to play a significant role in carcinogenesis, through both pro- or anti-tumour effects. The multi-faceted effects of lung cancer associated T lymphocytes have been extensively studied, and yet, the role of B lymphocytes remains an area less studied. In this review, we will describe the current understanding of the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes in NSCLC, discuss their prognostic significance, their functionality within the tumour microenvironment and ultimately how we might harness B-cell biology to develop B-cell therapeutic strategies in cancer.
microRNA-141 inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signalling pathway in endometriosis
Authors: Wang Sixue , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Tingting , Deng Juan , Xia Xiaomeng , Fang Xiaoling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent studies have demonstrated the differential expression of micro(mi)RNAs in endometriosis. Previously, we reported the low expression of miR-141 in patients with this disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced SMAD2 signalling pathway are central to tumour proliferation and invasion. However, the role of miR-141 in regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signalling pathway and the associated EMT to be elucidated.MethodsThe levels of TGF-β1/SMAD2 signalling and EMT markers expression in eutopic and ectopic endometria of endometriosis were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. MiR-141 expression was analysed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular invasion and proliferation were determined by transwell and CCK-8 assays, respectively. Functional assay of miR-141 was performed using plasmid and shRNA transfection methods.ResultThe presence of miR-141, EMT, and TGF-β1/SMAD2 signalling markers were detected in eutopic and ectopic endometria of endometriosis. TGF-β1-induced EMT in Ishikawa (ISK) cells by activating the SMAD2 signalling pathway, whereas miR-141 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced EMT, proliferation and invasion abilities of these cells.ConclusionThese data identify miR-141 as a novel driver of EMT in endometriosis, implicates the link between miR-141 and TGF-β1/SMAD2 signalling pathway in the context of endometriosis, and underscore the role of EMT in the development of endometriosis.
A poro-viscoelastic substitute model of fine-scale poroelasticity obtained from homogenization and numerical model reduction
Authors: Jänicke Ralf , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerical model reduction is exploited for computational homogenization of the model problem of a poroelastic medium under transient conditions. It is assumed that the displacement and pore pressure fields possess macro-scale and sub-scale (fluctuation) parts. A linearly independent reduced basis is constructed for the sub-scale pressure field using POD. The corresponding reduced basis for the displacement field is constructed in the spirit of the NTFA strategy. Evolution equations that define an apparent poro-viscoelastic macro-scale model are obtained from the continuity equation pertinent to the RVE. The present model represents an extension of models available in literature in the sense that the pressure gradient is allowed to have a non-zero macro-scale component in the nested $$\hbox {FE}^2$$FE2 setting. The numerical results show excellent agreement between the results from numerical model reduction and direct numerical simulation. It was also shown that even 3D RVEs give tractable solution times for full-fledged $$\hbox {FE}^2$$FE2 computations.