bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Ploidy Prediction and Quality Assessment of Human Blastocysts Using Time-Lapse Imaging
Authors: Rajendran Suraj , Brendel Matthew , Barnes Josue , Zhan Qiansheng , Malmsten Jonas E. , Zisimopoulos Pantelis , Sigaras Alexandros , Ofori-Atta Kwabena , Meseguer Marcos , Miller Kathleen A. , Hoffman David , Rosenwaks Zev , Elemento Olivier , Zaninovic Nikica , Hajirasouliha Iman 
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from Nat Commun 2024;15(1):7756
Assisted reproductive technology, including in vitro fertilization, has become an important treatment for individuals who desire familial expansion but are unable to conceive. A crucial part of this process is the determination of embryo viability and the selection of the highest quality embryos for transfer into the uterus.
Gastric and Esophageal Cancer in Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Taylor Kaitlyn H. , Dajani Nafisa K. , Whittington Julie R. , Magann Everett F. 
Published: December 2024

Importance
Upper gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric and esophageal cancers are rare malignancies with poor prognosis because it is usually diagnosed in latter stages. Presenting symptoms are frequently presumed pregnancy related rather than malignancy related. This review will raise awareness to consider these aggressive cancers in evaluating gastrointestinal complaints during pregnancy.

Objectives
This review describes pregnancies with gastric and esophageal cancers including presenting symptoms, diagnosis stage, treatments, pregnancy complications, and maternal/fetal outcomes.

Evidence Acquisition
Electronic databases (PubMed/EMBASE) were searched with English language limitation. Search terms, 1970–2023, included “stomach cancer” OR “gastric cancer” AND “etiology” OR “risk factors” OR “diagnosis” OR “treatment” OR “management” OR “prognosis” AND “pregnancy” OR “pregnancy complications” OR “Esophageal Neoplasms” OR “esophageal carcinoma” OR “esophageal malignancy” OR “esophageal cancer” OR “esophageal neoplasm” AND Pregnancy OR “Pregnancy.”

Results
Of 611 abstracts reviewed, 63 full articles were identified as the basis of review. Gastric cancer stage was advanced stage III or IV in 88% of patients. Maternal mortality rate was 76%. First-trimester diagnosis occurred in 16%; second, 27%; and third, 18% totaling 61%. Thirty nine percent were found postpartum, postmortem, or undetermined. Ethnic groups most affected were East Asian. Half had cesarean delivery, 29% delivered vaginally, and the rest were not reported. Treatment varied: supportive care only, 8%; chemotherapy only, 34%; and chemotherapy and surgery, 21%. Neonatal outcomes were good overall: 90% survival among cases reported.

Conclusions
Gastric and esophageal cancers are rare and frequently asymptomatic in early stages. When diagnosed in pregnancy, it is usually advanced with poor prognosis and high maternal mortality rate. Diagnostic testing and treatment should proceed as needed during pregnancy with close maternal and fetal surveillance. Abdominal delivery is reserved for usual obstetrical indications.

Relevance
Gastric and esophageal cancers are rare conditions often missed or found late that affect management, mode of delivery, and maternal/fetal outcomes.

Target audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner will be better able to describe patient demographic that is at highest risk for gastric cancer in pregnancy; identify early symptoms and warning signs of gastric cancer in pregnancy; and discuss the maternal and neonatal outcomes of those affected by gastric cancer.
Virtual reality–based myoelectric prosthetic control training: Effects of action observation and motor imagery with visual feedback of electromyographic signals
Authors: Yoshimura Manabu , Kurumadani Hiroshi , Ito Tomotaka , Hosokawa Takayuki , Hirata Junya , Senoo Katsutoshi , Kinoshita Seiji , Date Shota , Hanayama Kozo , Sunagawa Toru 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Conventional myoelectric prostheses (myo-prostheses) training involves repetitive grasping and manipulation training, which requires considerable training time. It is necessary to develop a short and efficient myo-prostheses training. This study aimed to verify the immediate and sustained effects of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) using virtual reality (VR) on myo-prostheses control and clarify the effect of visual feedback of electromyogram (EMG) signals during AOMI using VR.

Study Design and Methods:
We evaluated 24 healthy right-handed individuals wearing a myo-prostheses simulator in their dominant hands. We divided participants into 3 groups: VR video observation with EMG presentation during manipulation (VR+), VR video observation without EMG presentation (VR), and control group. We evaluated prosthetic control skills using the Grasp Force Adjustment Test (GFAT) and Bowknot task immediately before and after AOMI and 1 week later. In addition, we evaluated the level of immersion during AOMI.

Results:
The rate of change in the GFAT 1 week after the intervention was significantly greater in the VR+ (P < 0.05, d = 1.32) and VR (P < 0.01, d = 2.34) groups than in the control group. Immersion was significantly higher in the VR+ and VR groups than in the control group. The condition and time required for GFAT had significant effects, although the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between VR+ and VR groups.

Conclusions:
AOMI using VR had sustained effects on motor learning of myo-prosthetic control despite EMG presentation. Therefore, AOMI, using VR, manipulates prostheses once learned, and it might be used for future training of myo-prosthetic control.
Association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2024

Background:
People living with HIV (PLHIV) often exhibit reduced CD4+ T cell counts and altered CD4/CD8 ratios, but their impact on fragility fractures remains underexplored. This study investigated the association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in PLHIV in China.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on PLHIV treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2011 to September 2023. Data on demographics, clinical status, and bone mineral density were collected. Fragility fractures were identified through medical records. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fracture risk, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) applied to explore potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses evaluated the consistency of these findings.

Results:
The study included 1,107 participants (median age 37 years, 92.6% male). The median CD4 count was 547 cells/μL, and the median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.7. Fragility fractures occurred in 185 participants (16.7%). Lower CD4 counts (<200 cells/μL) were associated with a higher risk of fractures (aHR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.66–4.65; p < 0.001), as were lower CD4/CD8 ratios (<0.5) (aHR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.16–5.44; p < 0.001). RCS indicated a curvilinear association, with increased fracture risk at CD4/CD8 ratios below 1.16. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations.

Conclusion:
Lower CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios are linked to an increased risk of fragility fractures in PLHIV, underscoring the importance of immune function in bone health.
Patient-reported outcomes of Children with an Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Wood Richard J. , Srinivas Shruthi , Trajanovska Misel , Collis Brennan J. , Lim Reuben , Fuchs Molly , Dajusta Daniel , Westgarth-Taylor Chris , Halaweish Ihab , Gasior Alessandra A. , Levitt Marc A. , Hutson John M. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
We aimed to study the impact of anorectal malformation (ARM) type and sacral ratio on continence outcomes in children. We secondarily aimed to compare continence outcomes by age group and determine quality of life (QoL) with different bowel regimens.

Summary Background Data:
Children with ARM experience dysfunctional stooling into adulthood. Little is known about how ARM type, sacral ratio, age, and bowel regimen affect continence and QoL.

Methods:
We administered five validated survey measures on stooling habits and QoL to children aged 2-19 with ARM at two tertiary hospitals. Sacral ratio as a determinant of sacral hypodevelopment was defined as normal (≥0.7), moderate (0.4-0.0.69), or severe (≤0.39). Children not on an enema program were compared to those on an enema program to identify factors associated with achieving voluntary bowel movements defined as continence. All children were compared to identify factors associated with QoL.

Results:
Of 910 patients, half (52.8%) had mild sacral hypodevelopment. In patients not receiving enemas managed solely at study hospitals, most were continent (69.2%). There were no differences in continence demonstrated by sacral ratio; 79.4% of those who were continent had normal/moderate sacral hypodevelopment and mild ARM.
Continence improved with age (50% ≤6 y old, 69.8% 6-12 y old, 82.1% >12 y old; P<0.001). Those on enemas and soiling had a QoL 19.6 points lower than those soiling on laxatives, and 20.7 points lower than those who were clean on enemas or continent with voluntary bowel movements without the need for enemas.

Conclusions:
In patients on laxatives the type of malformation, but not sacral ratio, is associated with continence in patients with ARM. Continence improves with age; those on enemas with soiling have a worse QoL.
Impact of artificial intelligence in transforming and replacing traditional learning and development of employees
Authors: Chitranshi Jaya , Chopra Komal , Banerjee Pallabi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of artificial intelligence interventions in transforming learning and development of organizations and to investigate whether artificial intelligence can replace traditional learning methods.

Design/methodology/approach
Mixed method approach was adopted to conduct the study. The sample size for quantitative study was 300 employees belonging to domains of technology, finance, health care and manufacturing. Structural equation modeling was done to arrive at the results. The qualitative study was done on 25 employees by conducting in-depth interviews followed by thematic analysis.

Findings
The findings of quantitative study revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived experience and learning effectiveness significantly contributed to transformation of traditional learning. The same was validated by qualitative study, and it also indicated that respondents preferred blended learning and artificial intelligence cannot replace traditional learning.

Originality/value
The study contributes to research by highlighting the impact of artificial intelligence in transformation of traditional learning and development based on departmental and job-specific roles as well as sectors that require physical training in addition to knowledge-based training.
The heterogeneous effects of infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output: evidence from Indian states
Authors: Chicker Soumya , Sahu Jagadish Prasad 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe study aims to examine the heterogeneous effects of physical infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output in 16 prominent states of India for the period 2005–2019.Design/methodology/approachWe construct a composite physical infrastructure index comprising four indicators namely road density, rail density, tele-density and per capita power availability using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. We estimate the impact of physical infrastructure on aggregate as well as farm and non-farm sector output using the fixed effects regression with Driscoll–Kraay (FE-DK) standard errors to account for cross-sectional dependence in our sample. Furthermore, to mitigate the potential endogeneity concern, we utilise the panel instrumental variable (IV) regression method to estimate the model.FindingsOur results imply that physical infrastructure plays a significant role in driving economic growth. We find that infrastructure development affects the non-farm sector output positively while the farm sector output remains unaffected.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitations, our study is based on 16 prominent states only. It is plausible that the selected infrastructure indicators are not highly relevant for the farm sector. Further research can be done to identify appropriate infrastructure that helps stimulate agriculture sector output.Originality/valueWe examine the varying effects of physical infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output in the Indian context. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of infrastructure development on sectoral output at the sub-national level.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2024-0468
Increased risk of autism in extremely preterm children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Lundgren Pia , Olsson Hanna B. K. , Pivodic Aldina , Jacobson Lena , Vallin Liv , Smith Lois E. , Sävman Karin , Hellström Ann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between retinopathy of prematurity and autism spectrum disorder in extremely preterm children.MethodsData in children born extremely preterm at <28 weeks’ gestational age in the Region Västra Götaland, 2013–2017, were analysed for association between retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focussed on autism spectrum disorder and excluded children with perinatal brain injuries or genetic disorders.ResultsOf 266 children with neurodevelopmental evaluation, 143 had no documented brain injury or genetic disorders. Of these 143, autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in 18%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 15% and intellectual disability in 7%. Of the 72/143 children with a history of no or mild retinopathy of prematurity (stage <1), 10% were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder compared to 27% of 71/143 with prior moderate‐to‐severe retinopathy of prematurity (stages ≥2), (p = 0.008). A history of retinopathy of prematurity stages ≥2 was associated with a threefold increased likelihood of later autism spectrum disorder even when adjusting for gestational age and sex (p = 0.011).ConclusionModerate‐to‐severe retinopathy of prematurity associated with a higher likelihood of later autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in extremely preterm children without documented brain injuries or genetic disorders.
Three‐ but not 2‐year‐olds misinform others spontaneously in an interaction‐based task
Authors: Klafka Mareike , Liszkowski Ulf 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne‐year‐olds spontaneously inform others, but less is known about the emergence of spontaneous misinforming. The current study investigated whether young children who spontaneously inform ignorant others also deliberately misinform others in matched uninstructed interactions. Conceptually, misinforming provides a convincing case for interaction‐based, implicit false belief understanding. In a simplified, anticipatory and interactive paradigm, a protagonist puppet played with the child and an object and then hid the object in one of two boxes. When the protagonist was temporarily absent, either her friend or a competitor puppet searched for the hidden object. Children spontaneously joined the play and helped or hindered by informing or misinforming the puppets. Experiment 1 revealed that 2‐year‐olds spontaneously informed the friend. However, they did not selectively misinform the competitor. In order to exclude methodological biases and replicate previous findings, Experiment 2 tested 3‐year‐olds, confirming skills for spontaneous misinforming with the same paradigm. Findings reveal that informing, but not misinforming, is part of younger children's early spontaneous communication, which suggests a conceptual distinction in the use of communication and casts doubts on an interactive use of false belief understanding in early interactions.
Appraisal Process, Merit Pay and Performance: Evidence From a Longitudinal Survey of School Teachers in England and Wales
Authors: Marsden David , Sezer Lisa A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how the quality of performance appraisals influences perceptions of merit pay − whether it is viewed as motivating or divisive − and its impact on achieving performance objectives. Using longitudinal survey data collected from classroom teachers in England and Wales between 2014 and 2018, and employing an instrumental variable approach, the analysis reveals that the effectiveness of merit pay in improving employee performance is closely tied to the quality of appraisal processes. Procedural fairness emerges as a key factor in fostering both motivational and divisiveness attitudes, whereas poorly designed or disengaging appraisals tend to amplify divisiveness rather than motivation, undermining the achievement of performance objectives. These findings highlight the need to carefully weigh both the potential benefits and drawbacks of merit pay systems.
Epidemiology and Management of Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States: Analysis of a Healthcare Claims Database
Authors: Stan Marius N. , Wagner Lilly H. , Rachmasari Kharisa N. , Venker Brett , Arackal Joel , Wang Jingyu , Miller‐Wilson Lesley‐Ann , Schwinn Jennifer , Mina‐Osorio Paola 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics and healthcare utilization patterns of moderate to severe thyroid eye disease (TED) in the United States.DesignRetrospective review of medical and prescription claims data from the Inovalon deidentified claims database.PatientsPatients with moderate to severe TED were identified based on specific and sensitive definitions using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes selected by a group of TED specialists.ResultsThe incident moderate to severe TED population included 3364 and 1730 patients using the sensitive and specific definitions, respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, corresponding incidence rates in the sensitive and specific populations were 8.97 (13.49 in women and 4.27 in men) and 4.37 (6.59 in women and 2.05 in men) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. The prevalent population included 16,310 and 8018 patients using the sensitive and specific definitions, respectively, corresponding to adjusted prevalence rates of 44.13 (66.00 in women and 21.39 in men) and 20.55 (31.18 in women and 9.50 in men) per 100,000 persons. A preponderance of women was observed, and comorbidity rates were high, with > 40% of prevalent patients experiencing hypertension. Steroids were the most frequently prescribed medication. The impact of teprotumumab was not captured, since this study only included claims data through 2019.ConclusionsThe estimated incidence and prevalence rates of TED demonstrate the considerable impact of this disease in the United States, making the creation of a specific ICD code imperative for effective healthcare planning and management.
Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
Authors: Kim Se Jin , Mugundu Ganesh M. , Singh Aman P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable response rates, yet its widespread implementation is hindered by logistical, financial, and physical constraints. Additionally, challenges such as poor persistence and allorejection are associated with allogeneic cell therapies. An innovative approach involves in vivo transduction of endogenous T‐cells through the administration of CAR mRNA encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in transient CAR surface expression on circulating T‐cells. This method presents a promising alternative, although the dose–exposure–response relationship of in vivo CAR‐Ts remains poorly elucidated. The transient nature of CAR expression may necessitate repeated dosing, potentially introducing additional hurdles like cost and patient compliance. To address this issue, we have devised a translational pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model that characterizes the transient surface CAR expression following mRNA‐encapsulated NP administration, leveraging in vitro and in vivo data alongside critical binding kinetic parameters sourced from literature. Our model adequately captures the transient surface CAR expression in both settings, while incorporating known physiological parameter values and exhibiting precise estimation of unknown parameters (coefficient of variation < 30%). Global sensitivity analyses underscore the significance of intracellular mRNA stability, highlighting the sensitivity of parameters linked to free intracellular mRNA concentration. Model‐based simulations indicate that optimizing dose and dosing frequency can achieve sustained CAR expression, despite the transient protein expression characteristic of mRNA‐based therapies. This mechanistic PK–PD model holds potential for integration into physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models, facilitating the translation of in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapies from preclinical studies to human applications.
Generational Gatekeepers: Parental Impediments to Global Englishes Language Teaching
Authors: Cameron Andrew , Galloway Nicola 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTToday, the majority of students learn English to use as a global lingua franca. New needs require revised curricula. Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) responds to this need for innovation to reflect the current use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). However, innovation is a complex matter, particularly when it involves divergence from ‘standard’, ‘native’ English norms. This article explores the role of parents in the implementation of GELT, an under‐researched group in the growing body of research. Interviews (n = 21) conducted before and after a GELT course on a postgraduate Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programme in the United Kingdom, plus six post‐course focus groups (n = 27) explored pre‐ and in‐service TESOL practitioners’ attitudes toward GELT. Our study explores this data to examine to what extent these teachers considered parental influence had on curriculum innovation. Findings reveal perceptions that parents still have strong attachments to ‘standard’ English and native‐speakerism, hindering potential GELT implementation and particularly on altering teacher hiring practices. A growing number of studies focus on GELT awareness‐raising amongst students and teachers. Our study highlights the need for more research on parental attitudes with regard to GELT, as well as how to raise their awareness of modern linguistic realities and how to ultimately involve them in the GELT innovation process.