bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of a Tree Trunk Specialist Spider: Relative Role of Landscape Versus Microhabitat Drivers
Authors: Draney Michael L , Doll Jason C , Doerr Lydia R , Houghton Christopher J , Forsythe Patrick S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy completely censusing a 1 ha forest dynamics plot it was possible to identify the variables (spider mass, size, sex and tree species, size, and bark roughness) that influenced the spatial distribution of adult Drapetisca alteranda Chamberlin 1909 (Araneae: Linyphiidae), a sheet web spider that specializes in lower tree trunks in North American forests. To account for spatial autocorrelation, a conditional autoregressive random effect was included in the zero-inflated Poisson generalized linear mixed model. Parameters estimated were produced by Bayesian inference with vague prior probability distributions and the best of 16 models were selected using Watanabe-Akaike Information Criterion. The best model showed that larger diameter trees located at higher plot elevations were more likely to have D. alteranda present. Smooth bark tree species such as paper birch and American basswood tended to have the most spiders while rough bark species had the least. The relationship between tree diameter and D. alteranda abundance also varied by tree species. Paper birch and quaking aspen tend to produce a greater slope compared to the other species, indicating that as these trees get larger, the abundance of D. alteranda increases at a higher rate than on other tree species. Spider sex and size were not associated with height on the trunk or tree species selection, nor were they associated with microhabitats such as bark furrow depth. Landscape-level factors largely predict D. alteranda abundance and distribution, suggesting that spatial autocorrelation should be considered when modeling the abundance of even small organisms, such as spiders.
Association of beta-blockers and first-registered heart rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: real-world data from population-based cohorts across two European countries
Authors: Barcella Carlo A , Eroglu Talip E , Hulleman Michiel , Granfeldt Asger , Souverein Patrick C , Mohr Grimur H , Koster Rudolph W , Wissenberg Mads , de Boer Anthonius , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Folke Fredrik , Blom Marieke T , Gislason Gunnar H , Tan Hanno L ,   for the ESCAPE-NET Investigators
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of beta-blockers on first-registered heart rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to establish whether the use of beta-blockers influences first-registered rhythm in OHCA.

Methods and results
We included patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac cause from two large independent OHCA-registries from Denmark and the Netherlands. Beta-blocker use was defined as exposure to either non-selective beta-blockers, β1-selective beta-blockers, or α-β-dual-receptor blockers within 90 days prior to OHCA. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the association of beta-blockers with first-registered heart rhythm using multivariable logistic regression. We identified 23 834 OHCA-patients in Denmark and 1584 in the Netherlands: 7022 (29.5%) and 519 (32.8%) were treated with beta-blockers, respectively. Use of non-selective beta-blockers, but not β1-selective blockers, was more often associated with non-shockable rhythm than no use of beta-blockers [Denmark: OR 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.52; the Netherlands: OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.15–5.49]. Non-selective beta-blocker use was associated with higher proportion of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) than of shockable rhythm (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.01–5.65); the association with asystole was of similar magnitude, although not statistically significant compared with shockable rhythm (OR 2.34, 95% CI 0.89–6.18; data on PEA and asystole were only available in the Netherlands). Use of α-β-dual-receptor blockers was significantly associated with non-shockable rhythm in Denmark (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.03–1.42) and not significantly in the Netherlands (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.61–3.07).

Conclusion
Non-selective beta-blockers, but not β1-selective beta-blockers, are associated with non-shockable rhythm in OHCA.
Selective optogenetic stimulation of fibroblasts enables quantification of hetero-cellular coupling to cardiomyocytes in a three-dimensional model of heart tissue
Authors: Funken Maximilian , Bruegmann Tobias , Sasse Philipp 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Besides providing mechanical stability, fibroblasts in the heart could modulate the electrical properties of cardiomyocytes. Here, we aim to develop a three-dimensional hetero-cellular model to analyse the electric interaction between fibroblasts and human cardiomyocytes in vitro using selective optogenetic de- or hyperpolarization of fibroblasts.

Methods and results
NIH3T3 cell lines expressing the light-sensitive ion channel Channelrhodopsin2 or the light-induced proton pump Archaerhodopsin were generated for optogenetic depolarization or hyperpolarization, respectively, and characterized by patch clamp. Cardiac bodies consisting of 50% fibroblasts and 50% human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were analysed by video microscopy and membrane potential was measured with sharp electrodes. Myofibroblast activation in cardiac bodies was enhanced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulation. Connexin-43 expression was analysed by qPCR and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Illumination of Channelrhodopsin2 or Archaerhodopsin expressing fibroblasts induced inward currents and depolarization or outward currents and hyperpolarization. Transforming growth factor-β1-stimulation elevated connexin-43 expression and increased cell–cell coupling between fibroblasts as well as increased basal beating frequency and cardiomyocyte resting membrane potential in cardiac bodies. Illumination of cardiac bodies generated with Channelrhodopsin2 fibroblasts accelerated spontaneous beating, especially after TGF-β1-stimulation. Illumination of cardiac bodies prepared with Archaerhodopsin expressing fibroblasts led to hyperpolarization of cardiomyocytes and complete block of spontaneous beating after TGF-β1-stimulation. Effects of light were significantly smaller without TGF-β1-stimulation.

Conclusion
Transforming growth factor-β1-stimulation leads to increased hetero-cellular coupling and optogenetic hyperpolarization of fibroblasts reduces TGF-β1 induced effects on cardiomyocyte spontaneous activity. Optogenetic membrane potential manipulation selectively in fibroblasts in a new hetero-cellular cardiac body model allows direct quantification of fibroblast–cardiomyocyte coupling in vitro.
NUDT15 genotyping during azathioprine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: implications for a dose-optimization strategy
Authors: Xu Ye , Qiao Yu-Qi , Li Han-Yang , Zhou Mi , Cai Chen-Wen , Shen Jun , Ran Zhi-Hua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
NUDT15 R139C is an Asian-prevalent genetic variant related to azathioprine (AZA) intolerance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear how to utilize the genotyping results to improve the step-up dosing strategy with an already low starting dose in Asian practice.

Methods
Clinical data of eligible IBD patients who received AZA therapy and NUDT15 R139C testing were retrospectively collected. The relationship between NUDT15 genotype, AZA doses, and AZA-induced toxicity and efficacy were comprehensively analysed.

Results
A total of 159 patients were included for toxicity analysis. Compared with the wild genotype, patients heterozygous for R139C are more prone to developing myelotoxicity and alopecia (P = 0.007; P = 0.042). In particular, they had a 5.4-fold risk of developing myelotoxicity when AZA dosage was increased from 25 mg/d to 50 mg/d (P &lt; 0.001). Regarding efficacy, 115 patients who had received AZA for &gt;4 months and maintained clinical remission on AZA monotherapy were included for further analysis. R139C heterozygotes were finally titrated to a significantly lower dose than the wild genotype [median (interquartile range): 0.83 (0.75–0.96) vs 1.04 (0.89–1.33) mg/kg/d, P = 0.001], whereas the clinical remission rates did not differ between groups (P = 0.88).

Conclusions
IBD patients with R139C heterozygote are highly susceptible to AZA-induced myelotoxicity at an escalated dose of 50 mg/d. Thus, they may require a smaller dose increase after a starting dose of 25 mg/d. The final target dose of these patients could be set lower than that of the wild genotypes without compromising efficacy.
Association between advanced paternal age and congenital heart defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Joinau-Zoulovits F , Bertille N , Cohen J F , Khoshnood B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is there an association between advanced paternal age and congenital heart defects (CHD)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Advanced paternal age is associated with a 16% increase in the overall odds of CHD.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
CHD are the most common congenital malformations. Several risk factors for CHD have been identified in the literature, but the association between advanced paternal age and CHD remains unclear.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
We conducted a systematic literature search on MEDLINE and EMBASE (1960–2019) to identify studies assessing the association between advanced paternal age (≥35 years) and the risk of CHD, unrestrictive of language or sample size. We used a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free text words such as ‘paternal age’, ‘paternal factors’, ‘father’s age’, ‘parental age’, ‘heart’, ‘cardiac’, ‘cardiovascular’, ‘abnormalities, congenital’, ‘birth defects’, ‘congenital malformations’ and ‘congenital abnormalities’.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
We included observational studies aiming at assessing the association between paternal age and CHD. The included population could be live births, fetal deaths and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. To be included, studies had to provide either odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) or sufficient information to recalculate ORs with 95% CIs per paternal age category. We excluded studies if they had no comparative group and if they were reviews or case reports. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We used random-effects meta-analysis to produce summary estimates of crude OR. Associations were also tested in subgroups.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Of 191 studies identified, we included nine studies in the meta-analysis (9 917 011 participants, including 34 447 CHD), including four population-based studies. Five studies were judged at low risk of bias. Only one population-based study specifically investigated isolated CHD. The risk of CHD was higher with advanced paternal age (summary OR 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25). Effect sizes were stable in population-based studies and in those with low risk of bias.

LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION
The available evidence did not allow to assess (i) the risk of isolated CHD in population-based studies, (ii) the association between paternal age and the risk for specific CHD and (iii) the association between paternal age and CHD after adjustment for other risk factors, such as maternal age.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Our findings suggest that advanced paternal age may be a risk factor for CHD. However, because the association is modest in magnitude, its usefulness as a criterion for targeted screening for CHD seems limited.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
None.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42019135061.
Performance of stock assessments for mixed-population fisheries: the illustrative case of Atlantic bluefin tuna
Authors: Morse Molly R , Kerr Lisa A , Galuardi Benjamin , Cadrin Steven X 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Accounting for movement and mixing in stock assessment is important for managing sustainable fisheries, particularly for highly migratory species. However, many fisheries management approaches continue to use single-stock, single-area models to assess mixed-population stocks that are known to have complex movement dynamics. We evaluated a single-stock, single-area stock assessment model’s performance on fishery pseudodata generated using a spatially complex operating model that incorporates movement and mixing of simulated Atlantic bluefin tuna-like populations. Structural model misspecification produced positively biased perceptions of size and productivity of the smaller western population, based on supplement by the larger eastern population, and negatively biased perceptions of the size and productivity of the eastern population due to net movement of fish out of the eastern stock area. This bias could lead to unintended overexploitation of the smaller western population and potential for foregone yield of the larger eastern population. Our findings provide a greater understanding of the effects of movement and mixing on single-stock, single-area model-based management approaches and emphasize the importance of explicitly considering these dynamics in ensuring the sustainability of highly migratory species like Atlantic bluefin tuna.
Schemes Supported on the Singular Locus of a Hyperplane Arrangement in ℙn
Authors: Migliore Juan , Nagel Uwe , Schenck Henry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A hyperplane arrangement in $\mathbb P^n$ is free if $R/J$ is Cohen–Macaulay (CM), where $R = k[x_0,\dots ,x_n]$ and $J$ is the Jacobian ideal. We study the CM-ness of two related unmixed ideals: $ J^{un}$, the intersection of height two primary components, and $\sqrt{J}$, the radical. Under a mild hypothesis, we show these ideals are CM. Suppose the hypothesis fails. For equidimensional curves in $\mathbb P^3$, the Hartshorne–Rao module measures the failure of CM-ness and determines the even liaison class of the curve. We show that for any positive integer $r$, there is an arrangement for which $R/J^{un}$ (resp. $R/\sqrt{J}$) fails to be CM in only one degree, and this failure is by $r$. We draw consequences for the even liaison class of $J^{un}$ or $\sqrt{J}$.
Can a Low-Cost Eye Tracker Assess the Impact of a Valent Stimulus? A Study Replicating the Visual Backward Masking Paradigm
Authors: Vlastos Dimitris D , Kyritsis Markos , Varela Vasiliki-Alexia , Gulliver Stephen R , Papaioannou-Spiroulia Afroditi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCapturing affective response to valent stimuli using eye tracking is of interest not only to academic research but also to commercial equipment developers (e.g. car dashboards). In order to investigate whether a low-cost eye tracker can effectively detect participants’ physiological response to negatively valent stimuli, 44 participants aged 19–24 (mean = 24.7, SD = 5.8) were recruited to complete the visual backward masking paradigm in a repeated-measure experimental design. Saccadic duration and pupil sizes were recorded using a lower-end 60-Hz tracker. Data was analysed using a mix of parametric and non-parametric tests. Our results suggest that valence in the form of fearful vs neutral faces has a significant main effect on both saccadic duration [V = 931, P &lt; 0.001, d = 0.96] and pupil size [t(43) = 29.81, P &lt; 0.001, d = 3.91)]. Our findings were further supported by Bayes factor analysis, which showed that saccadic duration data was 24 times more likely to occur, and pupil size measurement data was 89 times more likely, under the alternative hypothesis, showing that differences in valence had a main effect. The combined evidence produced by our Bayesian analysis, the large effect sizes of our frequentist analysis and the significant effect on two separate measurements lead us to suggest that, under the right conditions, low-cost eye trackers can successfully detect changes in saccadic duration and pupil sizes as a result of physiological responses to threat-relevant visual stimuli.
Unified Medical Language System resources improve sieve-based generation and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)–based ranking for concept normalization
Authors: Xu Dongfang , Gopale Manoj , Zhang Jiacheng , Brown Kris , Begoli Edmon , Bethard Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveConcept normalization, the task of linking phrases in text to concepts in an ontology, is useful for many downstream tasks including relation extraction, information retrieval, etc. We present a generate-and-rank concept normalization system based on our participation in the 2019 National NLP Clinical Challenges Shared Task Track 3 Concept Normalization.Materials and MethodsThe shared task provided 13 609 concept mentions drawn from 100 discharge summaries. We first design a sieve-based system that uses Lucene indices over the training data, Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) preferred terms, and UMLS synonyms to generate a list of possible concepts for each mention. We then design a listwise classifier based on the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) neural network to rank the candidate concepts, integrating UMLS semantic types through a regularizer.ResultsOur generate-and-rank system was third of 33 in the competition, outperforming the candidate generator alone (81.66% vs 79.44%) and the previous state of the art (76.35%). During postevaluation, the model’s accuracy was increased to 83.56% via improvements to how training data are generated from UMLS and incorporation of our UMLS semantic type regularizer.DiscussionAnalysis of the model shows that prioritizing UMLS preferred terms yields better performance, that the UMLS semantic type regularizer results in qualitatively better concept predictions, and that the model performs well even on concepts not seen during training.ConclusionsOur generate-and-rank framework for UMLS concept normalization integrates key UMLS features like preferred terms and semantic types with a neural network–based ranking model to accurately link phrases in text to UMLS concepts.
Development of Artificial Urine Certified Reference Material for Quantification of Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Authors: Otake Takamitsu , Nakayama Shoji F , Isobe Tomohiko , Hanari Nobuyasu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Neonicotinoid insecticides (neonicotinoids) are widely used, however, they can negatively affect human health. Thus, neonicotinoids and their metabolites in human urine are analyzed globally to assess exposure levels and health risks. To properly assess the exposure levels and health risks, accurate analytical results are a necessity.

Objective
This study aims to develop urine certified reference material (CRM), NMIJ CRM 7408-a, for the quantification of neonicotinoids.

Method
To develop NMIJ CRM 7408-a, commercially available artificial urine was used as the raw material to which the target neonicotinoids were added. Analyses of neonicotinoids in NMIJ CRM 7408-a were carried out by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).

Results
Sample homogeneity was assessed, with the results showing that acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam exhibited sufficiently homogeneous distributions in the material. The relative uncertainties due to inhomogeneity were 1.2–7.0%. The results obtained from long-term stability assessment indicated that the target neonicotinoids were stable. The relative uncertainties due to instability were 9.4–17.2% (for an expiry date of 21 months). The characterization for providing concentration values was carried out using one (clothianidin and thiacloprid) or two (acetamiprid and thiamethoxam) analytical methods. The certified values of the target neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) were 0.19–1.38 µg/kg.

Conclusions
This is the first frozen artificial urine CRM in which neonicotinoids were quantified by IDMS and will be useful for evaluating the accuracy of analysis and validation of analytical methods for the determination of neonicotinoids in urine.

Highlights
NMIJ CRM 7408-a, which has been certified for four neonicotinoids, was developed by NMIJ.
COVID-19 pandemic and derogation to human rights
Authors: Lebret Audrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Under international human rights law, States can limit the exercise of most human rights if it is necessary to protect the rights of others or collective interests. The exceptional circumstances brought by the COVID-19 global pandemic lead to more extensive, on both their scope and their duration, restrictions of human rights than in usual times. This article introduces the States’ specific right to derogate to human rights in circumstances of public emergency and the conditions of a legitimate derogation in the context of COVID-19. It argues that States must ensure that the general measures they adopt to face the crisis do not disproportionally harm vulnerable people.
A safe and reusable imaging chamber compatible with organic solvents
Authors: Colombini Martin , Pasierbek Pawel , Masselink Wouter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High refractive index organic solvents are commonly used as an imaging medium in tissue clearing approaches. While effective, such solvents provide serious concerns for the safety of users and the equipment, especially in a central microscopy unit. To overcome these concerns, we have developed a large and reusable imaging chamber compatible with the universal mounting frame AK (PeCon GmbH). This chamber is easy to assemble and significantly improves the working environment in a central microscopy unit, where hazardous chemicals could negatively affect equipment and people. To encourage the uptake of these chambers, the design is made publicly available for download.
Broadcasting the Movement and Branding Political Microcelebrities: Finnish Anti-Immigration Video Practices on YouTube
Authors: Laaksonen Salla-Maaria , Pantti Mervi , Titley Gavan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper examines how the video-sharing platform YouTube was utilized by networks of anti-immigration activists that began emerging in Finland during the so-called refugee crisis in 2015. By combining network analysis with qualitative analysis, we identified three central strategies of video activism: movement building through documentation, discursive controversy generation, and personal branding practices. These strategies are firmly supported by the affordances of YouTube and by the way in which the platform enables the building of varying scales of media presence. Consequently, our findings highlight the increasingly common practice of microcelebrity branding in online political communication. This notion demonstrates the affinities between fragmented and contingently mobilized anti-immigration movements and the personalizing and performance-oriented logics of social media presence, in particular when explored from a post-movement perspective. In the algorithmic environment of YouTube, microcelebrity is a political and a platform-specific genre that occupies the post-movement political space by generating sustainable algorithmic visibility.
tCO2e—a new pricing model for LNG?
Authors: Roberts Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The concept of commercializing natural gas through liquefaction to give liquefied natural gas (LNG), with the capacity for that LNG to be shipped worldwide to meet the demand for clean energy, is well known. The options for, and the opportunities for evolution in, how LNG is priced (whether locally, regionally or even globally, with indexation to crude oil prices or to reported gas hub prices) have also been widely discussed in industry literature. But into the LNG pricing mix, we could soon be adding a new value measure which could have the capacity to shape the way in which LNG production projects are configured—tCO2e (or, to give it its full name, tCO2e/tLNG).