bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic Teaching On Economic Relations And Trade
Authors: Gulamovna Bazarova Gulnora 
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the attitude of the religion of Islam to economic problems. In particular, in the current time of economic reforms, this is of great importance in our country, where the majority of the population is Muslim.
In the teachings of Islam, its different streams have different attitudes towards the category of private labor. The article also discusses the importance of trade. As a help to people, great importance is attached to work in the formation of socio-economic relations, where Islamic values play an important role.
Website Quality Evaluation Methodology Universal Star: 1st point – “Content”
Authors: Abduganiev S. G. 
Published: October 2020

The Internet continues to grow at a fast pace with over 1.5 billion websites in 2019 as compared with only one in 1991. The emergence of enormous websites of various complexities and types makes assessing the quality of these sites a vastly important, difficult and complicated task. With this concern, the current paper proposes a novel approach for website assessment by developing a new Website Quality Evaluation Methodology Universal Star (WQEMUS) with a theoretical and empirical basis. It became possible through the employment of the grounded theory methodology that enables relevant concepts to emerge from data. To improve the reliability and validity of the findings, an extensive literature review, in-depth and qualitative interviews, and a user evaluation survey were conducted and associated together. In this way, the study presents the results of the selection and categorization of generic quality attributes for WQEMUS with a three-tier structure, consisting of top-level quality criteria, sub-criteria and indicators. These quality dimensions are grounded on a combination of subjective and objective indicators. Consequently, WQEMUS becomes capable of estimating a wide range of different websites irrespective of domain affiliation and services they provide, including Web 3.0 sites.
THE CHOICE OF PANCREATOJEJUNO-ANASTOMOS TECHNIQUE FOR PANCREATO-DUODENAL RESECTION
Authors: Veligotsky N. N. , Arutyunov S. E. , Teslenko I. V. , Chebotarev A. S. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. Objective. Development of an algorithm for choosing the method of pancreatojejunoanastomosis in pancreatoduodenal resection, taking into account the degree of change in the pancreatic parenchyma.
Materials and methods. Pancreatoduodenal resection was performed on 291 patients with obstructive diseases of the pancreatoduodenal zone. Three options were used for pancreatojejunoanastomos: invagination ductopancreatojejunal — in 210 (72.4 %), invagination pancreatojejunal — in 68 (23.4 %), pancreatojejunal with bandage repair of the crescent ligament of the liver — in 13 (4.4 %) patients.
Results. The pancreatic parenchyma was assessed by the following factors: puffiness, infiltration, obesity, degree of pancreatic parenchyma fibrosis, location and diameter of the Wirsung duct. High and low risk factors for the development of pancreatic fistula were identified. Diagnosis of pancreatic fistula was carried out according to the classification of ISGPF (2016). A differentiated approach was applied to the choice of pancreatojejunoanastomosis depending on the degree of changes in the pancreatic parenchyma, the diameter and location of the Wirsung duct.
Conclusion. Evaluation of the degree of pancreatic parenchyma changes, the diameter and location of the Wirsung duct allows you to choose the optimal technique for pancreatojejunoanastomosis in pancreatoduodenal resection. The use of a differentiated approach to the choice of pancreatojejunoanastomosis technique for pancreatoduodenal resection, taking into account the degree of change in the pancreatic parenchyma, can reduce the incidence of PF (type B, C).
CLINICAL CASE OF TRICHOBEZOAR OF THE STOMACH IN A PREGNANT WOMAN COMPLICATED BY A SMALL CURVATURE PERFORATIVE ULCER
Authors: Andreeva L. M. , Ursol G. M. , Nemazenko S. E. , Babich V. R. , Sidorenko S. I. , Shevchuk O. M. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. The article describes a case of successful treatment of stomach trichobezoar complicated by a perforated stomach ulcer.
Purpose of research. Optimization of diagnostics and treatment of acute surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal tract taking into account a rare etiological factor
Materials and methods. A clinical case of trichobezoar in a pregnant woman, complicated by stomach perforation.
Results and discussion. Attention is drawn to the problems of diagnosis and treatment of rare gastrointestinal diseases that can lead to the development of acute surgical pathology. The awareness of practitioners about the clinic, methods of timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disease was assessed. to solve these tasks, a multidisciplinary approach is required, with the interaction of psychiatrists / psychoneurologists, endoscopists, x-ray diagnostic services and operating surgeons.
Conclusions. The low frequency of cases of gastrointestinal bezoars causes a lack of awareness of practitioners with clinical manifestations, complications and treatment methods.
Untimely diagnosis of GI bezoar can lead to severe complications that require serious surgical intervention.
The probability of bezoars in mentally unbalanced patients suffering from various types of obsessive States is statistically higher than in mentally healthy individuals.
FREQUENCY OF OBESE PEOPLE AT HIGH RISK FOR DEVELOPING OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA; A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Komal Atta  , Raza Ahmad  , Ayesha Nawaz  , Iqra Ishtiaq  , Muhammad Farooq  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) leads to multiple complications which may be life-threatening. In this study we determined the frequency of obese individuals at high risk for developing (OSA).
METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted in the Medicine department of Services hospital, Lahore from February 6, 2016 to August 5, 2016. A sample size of 300 healthy obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2) aged between 18-60 years who were accompanying a patient or visiting someone admitted, were enrolled in our study. Informed Verbal consent was obtained before administering a structured, validated questionnaire to the significant obese population; Survey was translated into Urdu for ease. The data were stratified for age, gender and BMI of the patients to control the effect modifiers. Post-stratification Chi-square test was used. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
RESULTS: A total of 300 subjects were enrolled. Mean age was calculated as 41.81±11.98 years, while 161(53.7%) individuals were females and 139(46.3%) were males. The frequency of risk of OSA was low in 241(80.3%) and high in 59(19.7%) of the population. The relationships of OSA with age groups and BMI were insignificant with p-value being 0.867 and 0.790 respectively.
CONCLUSION: In this study, a significant population of male obese individuals was found to be at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea.
ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES AND ITS RELATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT AZIZ FATIMA MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD
Authors: Subhan Ullah  , Sami ullah  , Khalid Parvez  , Ghulam Abbas Sheikh  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Students reading strategies strongly influence their academic performance. Our study aimed to determine medical students' metacognitive awareness during reading strategies and its relation with their academic scores.
METHODOLOGY: Study was done among third year MBBS students of Aziz Fatima Medical College Faisalabad. Students previous years academic achievement information was collected and they also filled questionnaire on metacognition regulation by the Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategies Inventory. Convenient sampling was used for this study. The data were analyzed in SPSS 20. In our study the independent variable was metacognitive score while previous professional examination marks were taken as the dependent variable.Standard deviation and mean were used for the descriptive data. For categorical data, percentage and frequencies were used.
RESULTS:
Different reading strategies employed by medical students in relation to metacognition were our main focus in the study. Metacognition was taken as score measured by a 30 item MARSI scale and their academic performance measured in terms of total marks obtained in the last professional examination held by the University. Total 101 out of 110 students from 3rd year MBBS class were enrolled in the study and the response rate was 92%. Forty one (41) respondents were females and sixty (60) respondents were male the mean± SD age of students was 21.05±0.74.
CONCLUSION: All dimensions of metacognition are positive and strongly correlated with each other’s. Higher the score in one dimension will cause positive change in other dimension score and vice versa.
EURASIAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOLOGY (EAC)/ NATIONAL SOCIETY OF HEART FAILURE AND MYOCARDIAL DISEASE (NSHFMD) GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE (2020)
Authors: Tereshchenko S. N. , Zhirov I. V. , Uskach T. M. , Saidova M. A. , Golitsyn S. P. , Gupalo E. M. , Nasonova S. N. , Narusov O. Yu. , Safiullina A. A. , Tereshchenko A. S. , Stukalova O. V. 
Published: October 2020

Disclaimer The EAC/NSHFMD Guidelines represent the views of the EAC and NSHFMD, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC and NSHFMD is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC/NSHFMD Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC/NSHFMD Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC/NSHFMD Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC/NSHFMD Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.Members of the Working Group confirmed the lack of financial support/ conflict of interest. In the event of a conflict of interest being reported, the member (s) of the Working Group was (were) excluded from the discussion of sections related to the area of conflict of interest.E.B. Wataman professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.) (Moldova); E.K. Kurlyanskaya, Cand. of Sci. (Med.) (Belarus); A.M. Noruzbaeva professor (Kyrgyzstan); V.A. Azizov professor (Azerbaijan); Zelveyan P.A., Dr. of Sci. (Med.) (Armenia)
MARKERS OF RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Bashirov N. H. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To study the role of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases to optimize their pathogenetic diagnosis.Material and research methods. At the initial stage of clinical trials, all participants (n = 200) were questioned with age-sex characteristics and the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (alcohol abuse, smoking, obesity, stress). Biochemical and clinical studies were carried out in two groups of patients, 15 people in each group (the first main group - in addition to bad habits, there is an obesity factor, the second control group - bad habits are detected, but in the absence of obesity) as part of preventive medical examinations.The results of research. When studying psychosocial risk factors for the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, a higher prevalence rate was noted for men in depression indicators - 26.3% of cases, and in the group of female patients the results were almost 2.5 times lower and amounted to only 15.0%. in both groups of healthy individuals, a low level of the frequency of occurrence of overweight and obesity was observed, compared with the main group, which were diagnosed in 28.6% of cases in the male half of the subjects, and among the representatives of the opposite sex, the indicator was 24.0%. The proportion of obese women in the main and control groups was higher than men by almost 1.5 times. Against the background of obesity and the presence of signs of non-alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver, in comparison with patients with normal body weight, certain violations were detected in the form of a higher level in the blood of the liver enzyme ALAT - 35.2 ± 1.57 U / L and 21.3 ± 0 95 U / L, respectively, in the first main group and in the second control group.Conclusions. Thus, it was found that the cause of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, cardiac automatism disorders, stroke, myocardial infarction due to metabolic and psychoemotional disorders are overweight and obesity, which worsen the prognosis of CVD, creating the prerequisites for the development of complications.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY OF USING OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS BY FAMILY PHYSICIANS
Authors: Khojakuliev B. G. , Orazgylyjov O. A. , Khojageldiev T. , Kurdova M. K. 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study: to study the features of the rational use of antihypertensive drugs (AHP) by family doctors on an outpatient basis and their analysis of compliance with current international recommendations.Materials and methods: According to questionnaires specially developed for studying the pharmacoepidemiology of hypertension, interviews were conducted with family doctors working in health houses located in different regions of the country and the specifics of their appointment of hypertension to patients with hypertension were studied. The duration of medical experience of doctors is on average 22.6 ± 11.0 years.Results: The main drugs in the prescription structure were ACE inhibitors (19.7%), beta-blockers (19.6%), calcium antagonists (19.1%, diuretics (18.9%) ARBs (12.8%). central action drugs – 8.5%, alpha-adrenergic blockers – 1.4%. ACE inhibitor administration structure: enalapril – 33.8%, lisinopril – 26.3%, captopril – 23.3%, perindopril – 10.1 %, ramipril – 4.7%, the rest - 1.3% Of the beta-blockers: atenolol – 35.7%, bisoprolol – 34.7%, propranolol -15.7%, metoprolol - 8.0%, nebivolol – 4.3% and carvedilol 1.7%. The structure of the appointment of calcium antagonists: amlodipine – 38,3%, nifedipine – 29.6%, verapamil 16.8%, nifedipine SR and verapamil SR 5.7% each, diltheazem 2.1%, the share of all the others no more than 1.8%. Diuretic structure: hydrochlorothiazide – 36.0 %, furosemide – 28.8%, spironolactone – 18.6%, indapamide – 13.5%, torasemide – 2.1%, acetazolamide – 0.9%. The main proportion of ARB was losartan (84.0%) valsartan (8.7%), candesartan (4.2%), all the rest – 3.1%. 38.1% of family doctors still prescribe a centrally acting drug – clofellin, an imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine (physiotens) is prescribed by family doctors very rarely (1.8%).73.2% of respondents seek to reduce blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg. Art., and the rest are limited to lowering blood pressure to a «working» level. 33.7% of family doctors start hypertension with monotherapy with the selection of an effective dose of one drug. 40.6% of doctors prefer free combination of AHP, 54.7% consider fixed combinations to be convenient, the rest are low-dose combinations.Conclusion: Our study confirms the need for further improvement of the rational use of AHP by family doctors
Validating Inversions for Toroidal Flows Using Normal-mode Coupling
Authors: Mani Prasad , Hanasoge Shravan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Normal-mode coupling is a helioseismic technique that uses measurements of mode eigenfunctions to infer interior structure of the Sun. This technique has led to insights into the evolution and structure of toroidal flows in the solar interior. Here, we validate an inversion algorithm for normal-mode coupling by generating synthetic seismic measurements associated with input flows and comparing the input and inverted velocities. We study four different cases of input toroidal flows and compute synthetics that take into account the partial visibility of the Sun. We invert the synthetics using Subtractive Optimally Localized Averages and also try to mitigate the systematics of mode leakage. We demonstrate that, ultimately, inversions are only as good as the model we assume for the correlation between flow velocities.
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs .III. Detection of 10 New Planets, 3 Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of 3 Planets around 11 Nearby M Dwarfs
Authors: Feng Fabo , Shectman Stephen A. , Clement Matthew S. , Vogt Steven S. , Tuomi Mikko , Teske Johanna K. , Burt Jennifer , Crane Jeffrey D. , Holden Bradford , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Thompson Ian B. , Díaz Matías R. , Butler R. Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs are good candidates for the study of habitability and detection of biosignatures. To search for these planets, we analyze all available radial velocity data and apply four signal detection criteria to select the optimal candidates. We find 10 strong candidates satisfying these criteria and three weak candidates showing inconsistency over time due to data samplings. We also confirm three previous planet candidates and improve their orbital solutions through combined analyses of updated data sets. Among the strong planet candidates, HIP 38594 b is a temperate super-Earth with a mass of 8.2 ± 1.7 M
⊕ and an orbital period of 60.7 ± 0.1 days, orbiting around an early-type M dwarf. Early-type M dwarfs are less active and thus are better hosts for habitable planets than mid-type and late-type M dwarfs. Moreover, we report the detection of five two-planet systems, including two systems made up of a warm or cold Neptune and a cold Jupiter, consistent with a positive correlation between these two types of planets. We also detect three temperate Neptunes, four cold Neptunes, and four cold Jupiters, contributing to a rarely explored planet population. Due to their proximity to the Sun, these planets on wide orbits are appropriate targets for direct imaging by future facilities such as the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory and the Extremely Large Telescope.
The 2017 September 6 Flare: Radio Bursts and Pulsations in the 22–5000 MHz Range and Associated Phenomena
Authors: Karlický Marian , Rybák Ján 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For the 2017 September 6 flare (SOL2017-Sep-06T11:53) we present not only unusual radio bursts but also their interesting time association with the other flare phenomena observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV), white-light, X-ray, and γ-ray emissions. Using our new method based on wavelets we found quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in several locations of the whole time–frequency domain of the analyzed radio spectrum (11:55–12:07 UT and 22–5000 MHz). Among them the drifting QPPs are new and the most interesting, especially a bidirectional QPP at the time of the hard X-ray and γ-ray peaks and a sunquake start. In the pre-impulsive phase we show an unusual drifting pulsation structure (DPS) in association with the EUV brightenings caused by the interaction of magnetic ropes. In the flare impulsive phase we found an exceptional radio burst drifting from 5000 to 800 MHz. In connection with this drifting burst, we show a U burst at about the onset time of an EUV writhed structure and a drifting radio burst as a signature of a shock wave at high frequencies (1050–1350 MHz). In the peak flare phase we found an indication of an additional energy-release process located at higher altitudes in the solar atmosphere. These phenomena are interpreted considering a rising magnetic rope, magnetosonic waves, and particle beams. Using a density model we estimated the density, wave velocities, and source heights for the bidirectionally drifting QPPs, the density for the pre-impulsive DPS and U burst, and the density and magnetic field strength for the drifting radio burst.
A Magnetar Engine for Short GRBs and Kilonovae
Authors: Mösta Philipp , Radice David , Haas Roland , Schnetter Erik , Bernuzzi Sebastiano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the influence of magnetic fields on the evolution of binary neutron star (BNS) merger remnants via three-dimensional (3D) dynamical-spacetime general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We evolve a post-merger remnant with an initial poloidal magnetic field, resolve the magnetoturbulence driven by shear flows, and include a microphysical finite-temperature equation of state. A neutrino leakage scheme that captures the overall energetics and lepton number exchange is also included. We find that turbulence induced by the magnetorotational instability in the hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) amplifies magnetic field to beyond magnetar strength (1015 G). The ultra-strong toroidal field is able to launch a relativistic jet from the HMNS. We also find a magnetized wind that ejects neutron-rich material with a rate of

. The total ejecta mass in our simulation is 5 × 10−3
M
⊙. This makes the ejecta from the HMNS an important component in BNS mergers and a promising source of r-process elements that can power a kilonova. The jet from the HMNS reaches a terminal Lorentz factor of ∼5 in our highest-resolution simulation. The formation of this jet is aided by neutrino cooling preventing the accretion disk from protruding into the polar region. As neutrino pair-annihilation and radiative processes in the jet (which were not included in the simulations) will boost the Lorentz factor in the jet further, our simulations demonstrate that magnetars formed in BNS mergers are a viable engine for short gamma-ray bursts.
How Does Background Air Pressure Influence the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone for Tidally Locked Planets in a 3D View?
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine the effect of varying background N2 surface pressure (labeled as pN2) on the inner edge of the habitable zone for 1:1 tidally locked planets around M dwarfs, using the three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ExoCAM. In our experiments, the rotation period is fixed when varying the stellar flux, in order to more clearly isolate the role of pN2. We find that the stellar flux threshold for the runaway greenhouse is a non-monotonous function of pN2. This is due to the competing effects of five processes: pressure broadening, heat capacity, lapse rate, relative humidity, and clouds. These competing processes increase the complexity in predicting the location of the inner edge of the habitable zone. For a slow-rotation orbit of 60 Earth days, the critical stellar flux for the runaway greenhouse onset is 1700–1750, 1900–1950, and 1750–1800 W m−2 under 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 bar of pN2, respectively, suggesting that the magnitude of the effect of pN2 is within ≈13%. For a rapid rotation orbit, the effect of varying pN2 on the inner edge is smaller, within a range of ≈7%. Moreover, we show that Rayleigh scattering effect as varying pN2 is unimportant for the inner edge due to the masking effect of cloud scattering and to the strong shortwave absorption by water vapor under hot climates. Future work using AGCMs having different cloud and convection schemes and cloud-resolving models having explicit cloud and convection are Required to revise this problem.