bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐ and low‐molecular‐weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single‐dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms
Authors: Lampe Anna T. , Farris Eric J. , Brown Deborah M. , Pannier Angela K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe investigation of new adjuvants is essential for the development of efficacious vaccines. Chitosan (CS), a derivative of chitin, has been shown to act as an adjuvant, improving vaccine‐induced immune responses. However, the effect of CS molecular weight (MW) on this adjuvanticity has not been investigated, despite MW having been shown to impact CS biological properties. Here, two MW variants of CS were investigated for their ability to enhance vaccine‐elicited immune responses in vitro and in vivo, using a single‐dose influenza A virus (IAV) protein vaccine model. Both low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) CS‐induced interferon regulatory factor pathway signaling, antigen‐presenting cell activation, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) production, with LMW inducing higher mRNA levels at 24 h and HMW elevating mRNA responses at 48 h. LMW and HMW CS also induced adaptive immune responses after vaccination, indicated by enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice receiving LMW CS and increased CD4 interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐2 production in mice receiving HMW CS. Importantly, both LMW and HMW CS adjuvantation reduced morbidity following homologous IAV challenge. Taken together, these results support that LMW and HMW CS can act as adjuvants, although this protection may be mediated through distinct mechanisms based on CS MW.
Fulminant inflammatory demyelination presenting as stroke‐in‐evolution in an elderly subject
Authors: Sacco Simone , Callegari Ilaria , Canavero Isabella , Coloberti Elisa , Farina Lisa Maria , Ravaglia Sabrina , Simoncelli Anna , Pichiecchio Anna , Micieli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFulminant inflammatory demyelination is a possible presentation of inflammatory demyelinating disorders, thus representing a potential stroke mimic especially in younger patients.Aims of the studyTo describe clinical and diagnostic pitfalls in a case of fulminant inflammatory demyelination presenting with stroke‐like symptoms in an elderly patient.MethodsCase report and case‐based review of the literature.ResultsA 67‐year‐old woman, who accessed the emergency room as suspect stroke for hyperacute onset of rapidly worsening speech impairment and drowsiness, was later diagnosed with a huge brain inflammatory demyelination. Clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging tests did not allow to put a more specific diagnosis. Due to the rapidly deteriorating course, she received immunosuppression with benefit.ConclusionThis report is meant to highlight the diagnostic challenges connected with fulminant inflammatory demyelination, which sometime can resemble a stroke‐in evolution and appear clinically unfitting for inclusion in any specific pathological entities within the broad‐spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
Dynamics of Chemical Diversity during Co‐Cultures: An Integrative Time‐Scale Metabolomics Study of Fungal Endophytes Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani
Authors: Triastuti Asih , Haddad Mohamed , Barakat Fatima , Mejia Kember , Rabouille Gabriel , Fabre Nicolas , Amasifuen Carlos , Jargeat Patricia , Vansteelandt Marieke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rapid and efficient metabolomic study of Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani co‐cultivation in time‐series based analysis was developed to study metabolome variations during their fungal interactions. The fungal metabolomes were studied through the integration of four metabolomic tools: MS‐DIAL, a chromatographic deconvolution of liquid‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC/MS); MS‐FINDER, a structure‐elucidation program with a wide range metabolome database; GNPS, an effective method to organize MS/MS fragmentation spectra, and MetaboAnalyst, a comprehensive web application for metabolomic data analysis and interpretation. Co‐cultures of C. mamane and F. solani induced different patterns of metabolite production over 10 days of incubation and induced production of five de novo compounds not occurring in monocultures. These results emphasize that co‐culture in time‐frame analysis is an interesting method to unravel hidden metabolome in the investigation of fungal chemodiversity.
Anticoagulation‐refractory strokes and selective infarction pattern: What’s the link?
Authors: Dimancea Alexandru , Ene Amalia , Badea Raluca , Ribigan Athena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStroke etiology in the form of a CAP should be actively explored, especially in the context of previous negative work‐up and anticoagulant‐refractory strokes. Dual antiplatelet therapy proved superior to anticoagulation for secondary prevention.
Clinical picture: SDHD paraganglioma presenting with syncope
Authors: LaChance David P. , Hoang Thanh D. , Shakir Mohamed K. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDescribed is an atypical presentation of a rare condition. It highlights the importance of thorough algorithm of medical and family history, physical examination, appropriate investigations, and perioperative workup and for surgery. The report demonstrates how even such very rare nonsecreting paragangliomas can be secondary to mass effects.
Silver in C(sp2)‐H Functionalization
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Zhen , Diao Hai‐yan , Shi Zhang‐jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe direct functionalization of C−H bonds is a fundamental task in organic chemistry. Because of the extraordinary catalysis performance, reaction selectivity, stability, and relatively lower cost than other noble transition metals, silver catalysts had successfully captured lots of interest and been widely in C−H bond functionalization. In this review, the development in the last decade of silver‐mediated C(sp2)‐H bond functionalization is summarized, categorized by the type of newly formed bond, C−C bond, C−N bond, C−O bond, etc. The mechanism, scope, and limitations of the reported references were introduced.
H2‐Free Selective Dehydroxymethylation of Primary Alcohols over Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Kondo Hiroki , Uesugi Kohei , Sakoda Katsumasa , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe dehydroxymethylation of primary alcohols is a promising strategy to transform biomass‐derived oxygenates into hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, a novel, highly efficient, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst system was established for the H2‐free dehydroxymethylation of primary alcohol using cerium oxide‐supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/CeO2). A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols including biomass‐derived alcohols were converted into the corresponding one‐carbon shorter hydrocarbons in high yields in the absence of any additives, accompanied by the production of H2 and CO. Pd/CeO2 was easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused, retaining its high activity, thus, providing a simple and sustainable methodology to produce hydrocarbon fuels from biomass‐derived oxygenates.
Mutation Analysis of L‐Thymidine‐Induced Replication Products Using a Restriction Enzyme–Mediated Assay
Authors: Kan Yuhe , Wu Li , He Yujian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article describes experimental and analytical procedures for evaluating the efficiency and fidelity of DNA replication containing mirror‐image thymidine (L‐T) in E. coli. The procedure involves construction of DNA recombinants containing a restriction enzyme (PstI) recognition site in which the L‐T lesion is site‐specifically located within the PstI recognition sequence (CTGCAG). The recombinants are transfected into DH5α cells. DNA is extracted, amplified, and cleaved into relatively short fragments using different combinations of restriction enzymes to facilitate electrophoretic analysis. Detailed explanations for the restriction enzyme–mediated assay for detection of mutagenic properties of mirror‐image thymidine at a predetermined site are also presented. Advantages and limitations of the assay are discussed by comparing it to other techniques used for detecting lesion‐induced mutation efficiency, and a troubleshooting guide is provided. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing L‐TBasic Protocol 2: Construction of DNA recombinantsBasic Protocol 3: Mutation analysis of L‐T‐induced replication products using a restriction enzyme–mediated assay
Risk awareness during operation of analytical flow cytometers and implications throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Aspland Avrill , Chew Claude , Douagi Iyadh , Galland Tessa , Marvin James , Monts Josh , Nance Dayton , Smith Adrian L. , Solga Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has brought biosafety to the forefront of many life sciences. The outbreak has compelled research institutions to re‐evaluate biosafety practices and potential at‐risk areas within research laboratories and more specifically within Shared Resource Laboratories (SRLs). In flow cytometry facilities, biological safety assessment encompasses known hazards based on the biological sample and associated risk group, as well as potential or unknown hazards, such as aerosol generation and instrument “failure modes.” Cell sorting procedures undergo clearly defined biological safety assessments and adhere to well‐established biosafety guidelines that help to protect SRL staff and users against aerosol exposure. Conversely, benchtop analyzers are considered low risk due to their low sample pressure and enclosed fluidic systems, although there is little empirical evidence to support this assumption of low risk. To investigate this, we evaluated several regions on analyzers using the Cyclex‐d microsphere assay, a recently established method for cell sorter aerosol containment testing. We found that aerosol and/or droplet hazards were detected on all benchtop analyzers predominantly during operation in “failure modes.” These results indicate that benchtop analytical cytometers present a more complicated set of risks than are commonly appreciated.
Biomarkers for the clinical development of antiviral therapies
Authors: Ng Teresa I. , Dorr Patrick K. , Krishnan Preethi , Cohen Daniel E. , Rhee Susan , Wang Stanley X. , Ruzek Melanie C. , Mensa Federico J. , Kati Warren M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the morbidity and mortality associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic that we are witnessing this year, the risks posed by emerging viral diseases to global health are all too obvious. This pandemic highlights the importance of antiviral drug discovery, which targets emerging viral pathogens, as well as existing pathogenic viruses that undergo continuous evolution. Drug discovery and development is a long and resource intensive process; however, the use of biomarkers can accelerate clinical development of antivirals by providing information regarding diagnosis of specific viral infections, status of infection, potential safety parameters, and antiviral responses. In clinical practice, many of the biomarkers initially utilized to support clinical development are also used for patient care. While viral load is a standard and essential biomarker used to detect the desired viral suppression induced by an antiviral agent, it has become apparent that additional biomarkers, whether related to the virus, the host or as a consequence of the drug's mechanistic effects, are also important for monitoring clinical outcomes associated with an antiviral therapy. This review summarizes the biomarkers used in the clinical development (as well as in clinical practice, where appropriate) of antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Retracted: The impact of COVID‐19 on the electricity sector in Spain: An econometric approach based on prices
Authors: Norouzi Nima , Zarazua de Rubens Gerardo Z. , Enevoldsen Peter , Behzadi Forough Atefeh 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID‐19 pandemic has been the greatest challenge to humanity since World War II. Spain is one of the countries experiencing severe consequences from the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. In such a situation, when the population is quarantined, hospitals are crowded, and industries are shutting down; energy supply becomes a critical and “hard to predict” service. In this way, the study of the impact of COVID‐19 on the selling price of electricity in Spain is highlighted more comprehensively. Given the high level of uncertainty in global energy markets, there is a research gap that needs to be filled, that is, the creation of new decision support mechanisms that can reduce risks and ensure more significant forecasting for investments and energy management to deal with seemingly unprecedented effects experienced through the current pandemic. This study examines and develops econometric models to determine the impact of COVID‐19 on the Spanish electricity market. This article's main result is a framework that predicts the dynamic electricity market's behavior during shifting periods, that is, the COVID‐19 pandemic period. Noteworthy that the result of this article is useful in electricity market management and strategic developments.
Multimodal fusion analysis of structural connectivity and gray matter morphology in migraine
Authors: Planchuelo‐Gómez Álvaro , García‐Azorín David , Guerrero Ángel L. , Aja‐Fernández Santiago , Rodríguez Margarita , de Luis‐García Rodrigo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNo specific migraine biomarkers have been found in single‐modality MRI studies. We aimed at establishing biomarkers for episodic and chronic migraine using diverse MRI modalities. We employed canonical correlation analysis and joint independent component analysis to find structural connectivity abnormalities that are related to gray matter morphometric alterations. The number of streamlines (trajectories of estimated fiber‐tracts from tractography) was employed as structural connectivity measure, while cortical curvature, thickness, surface area, and volume were used as gray matter parameters. These parameters were compared between 56 chronic and 54 episodic migraine patients, and 50 healthy controls. Cortical curvature alterations were associated with abnormalities in the streamline count in episodic migraine patients compared to controls, with higher curvature values in the frontal and temporal poles being related to a higher streamline count. Lower streamline count was found in migraine compared to controls in connections between cortical regions within each of the four lobes. Higher streamline count was found in migraine in connections between subcortical regions, the insula, and the cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex, and between the insula and the temporal region. The connections between the caudate nucleus and the orbitofrontal cortex presented worse connectivity in chronic compared to episodic migraine. The hippocampus was involved in connections with higher and lower number of streamlines in chronic migraine. Strengthening of structural networks involving pain processing and subcortical regions coexists in migraine with weakening of cortical networks within each lobe. The multimodal analysis offers a new insight about the association between brain structure and connectivity.
Transition‐Metal Free Catalytic Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Indolines by [4+1] Cycloaddition of Trifluoromethyl Benzoxazinones with Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Kawai Koki , Uno Hiroto , Fujimoto Daichi , Shibata Norio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStereoselective catalytic synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethyl indolines through the [4+1] cycloaddition of benzoxazinones and sulfur ylides in a transition‐metal‐free manner was developed. In the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium hydride, aza‐ortho‐quinone methide intermediates were formed from trifluoromethyl benzoxazinones through decarboxylation after the first nucleophilic attack of sulfur ylides, which progressed to a second nucleophilic attack of sulfur ylides, resulting in the [4+1] cycloaddition. The key for this catalytic transformation is the dual attack of sulfur ylides on substrates. This unique transition‐metal‐free protocol is applicable to the synthesis of non‐fluorinated vinyl‐, ethynyl‐ or methyl‐substituted indolines. The synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethyl indoles was also achieved described under stoichiometric conditions.
Growth and wage effects of the monetary policy
Authors: Afonso Óscar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe analyse the effects of the monetary policy (inflation) on a set of real macroeconomic variables, via cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraints and an ‘inflation‐rate’ complexity R&D effect in a knowledge‐driven horizontal R&D growth model with skilled and unskilled labour. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy. We find that the monetary policy has no effect on firm‐size growth, but a negative impact on economic growth, real interest rate, skill premium, R&D intensity, and welfare; positive influence on the velocity of money. The sign of the theoretical relationships is in line with the dominant empirical evidence.
Early child development and parents' labor supply
Authors: Lafférs Lukáš , Schmidpeter Bernhard 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe impact of children's early development status on parental labor market outcomes is not well established in the empirical literature. We combine an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of the development status with a model of nonrandom labor force participation to identify its impact. A one‐unit increase in our poor child development index reduces long‐term maternal weekly hours worked by 9 h and weekly income by A$215. We provide evidence that mothers substitute working time with childcare to compensate for early disadvantages. We do not find any responses of fathers to early child development.
Electronic couplings for singlet fission: Orbital choice and extrapolation to the complete basis set limit
Authors: Speelman Tom , Cunha Ana V. , Kathir R. K. , Havenith Remco W. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor the search for promising singlet fission candidates, the calculation of the effective electronic coupling, which is required to estimate the singlet fission rate between the initially excited state (S0S1) and the multiexcitonic state (1TT, two triplets on neighboring molecules, coupled into a singlet), should be sufficiently reliable and fast enough to explore the configuration space. We propose here to modify the calculation of the effective electronic coupling using a nonorthogonal configuration interaction approach by: (a) using only one set of orbitals, optimized for the triplet state of the molecules, to describe all molecular electronic states, and (b) only taking the leading configurations into consideration. Furthermore, we also studied the basis set convergence of the electronic coupling, and we found, by comparison to the complete basis set limit obtained using the cc‐pVnZ series of basis sets, that both the aug‐cc‐pVDZ and 6–311++G** basis sets are a good compromise between accuracy and computational feasibility. The proposed approach enables future work on larger clusters of molecules than dimers.
Levels of nasal exhaled hydrogen sulfide in the general population and allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Li Lisha , Liu Yonglin , Wang Qiang , Wang Zixi , Cui Le , Xu Yingyang , Guan Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundObjective measures used for the differential diagnosis and severity assessment of allergic rhinitis (AR) are still lacking. The involvement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the development of AR indicates that nasal exhaled H2S (NeH2S) has potential as a biomarker to be used in AR patients. This study aimed to evaluate the application value of NeH2S measurement in the diagnosis and assessment of AR.MethodsThis study was a multi‐center cross‐sectional survey conducted in Northwestern China. Demographic information collection and rhinitis assessment were completed through questionnaires. The level of NeH2S and serum immunoglobulin E were measured.ResultsThe level of NeH2S in general population ranged from 0 to 35 ppb, with a median value of 2 ppb. The NeH2S levels in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) patients were significantly lower than those in general population (2 [1, 2.75] vs. 2 [2, 3] ppb;p = .023), and the NeH2S value of the SAR group tended to be lower than that of the non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR) group (2 [1, 2.75] vs. 2 [2, 3] ppb;p = .094). The subgroup of AR patients with symptoms lasting longer than 2 weeks per month had a lower NeH2S level compared with the subgroup of patients with symptoms lasting less than 2 weeks per month (2 [1, 2] vs. 2 [2, 3] ppb;p = .015).ConclusionThis study described the distribution range of NeH2S levels in the general population. Further study with larger sample size was needed to clarify the relationship between NeH2S level and AR.
Sequential coupling of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation platform for high yield and economical production of 2,3‐butanediol from cassava by metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca
Authors: Khunnonkwao Panwana , Jantama Sirima S , Jantama Kaemwich , Joannis‐Cassan Claire , Taillandier Patricia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) is one of the important platform chemicals used for biofuels and biochemicals. To make an economically feasible production of 2,3‐BD, an optimization process with a cheap substrate is required. The best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were investigated to achieve high concentration and yield of 2,3‐BD from cassava starch while reducing the production cost regarding enzyme usage, energy input and medium preparation.RESULTSA 2.5 L bioreactor containing 1 L working volume of sterilized and gelatinized starch (130 g L−1) was placed at room temperature (25 °C). When the temperature of the starch solution reached 85 °C, α‐amylase (200 U g−1 starch) was added to the solution. The enzymatic reaction was allowed to proceed while the temperature of the solution was simultaneously dampened to 45 °C within 1 h. The reaction was further maintained at 45 °C for another 2 h. After hydrolysis, 64.8 g L−1 2,3‐BD was produced with a yield of 0.46 g g−1, productivity of 1.25 g L−1 h−1 and few by‐products by Klebsiella oxytoca KMS006. Further improvements of 2,3‐BD (92.5 g L−1) and yield (0.49 g g−1) were observed in fed‐batch mode under a constant feeding rate of 3.5 g starch h−1.CONCLUSIONWith our developed strategy, costs related to energy consumption and medium preparation were reduced by using heat generated by autoclave as well as by neglecting the use of glucoamylase for hydrolysis of cassava starch. The highest yield of 2,3‐BD (0.49 g g−1) was achieved, which is 98% of theoretical maximum. The process may be applied to the economical production of 2,3‐BD. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry