bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Burnout among Surgeons are Correlated with a Higher Incidence of Perceived Medical Errors
Authors: Crijns Tom J. , Kortlever Joost T. P. , Guitton Thierry G. , Ring David , Barron Grace C. 
Published: January 2020

Background Nearly 44% of practicing physicians in the USA report symptoms of burnout. Psychological distress and loss of joy in medicine are associated with malpractice lawsuits and attrition from medical practice and may correlate with the rate of perceived medical errors. Questions/Purposes We sought to answer two questions: (1) What physician factors are associated with the number of perceived medical errors among practicing surgeons in the prior 3 months? (2) What characteristics are associated with symptoms of burnout among practicing surgeons? Methods We created a cross-sectional survey and invited members of the Science of Variation Group to respond between December 2018 and January 2019. Participating surgeons completed the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and information about practice characteristics and demographics. We created a negative binomial and a multivariable linear regression model to seek factors independently associated with the number of perceived medical errors and symptoms of burnout. Results A greater level of emotional exhaustion was associated with a greater number of perceived medical errors, while practice location in Europe was associated with fewer perceived errors. A higher PHQ-2 score was independently associated with symptoms of burnout. Conclusion It is possible that symptoms of burnout cause surgeons to be more likely to perceive an imperfection as an error or that burnout distracts surgeons, contributing to a greater likelihood of a verifiable error. Additional studies are merited to investigate a potential causal relationship between symptoms of burnout and medical errors.
The Dark Tetrad in Tinder: hook-up app for high psychopathy individuals, and a diverse utilitarian tool for Machiavellians?
Authors: Lyons Minna , Messenger Ashleigh , Perry Rebecca , Brewer Gayle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLocation-based on-line dating applications are a popular tool for initiating short and long-term relationships. Besides seeking for partners, people use these applications for a myriad of other reasons. We investigated how the Dark Tetrad of personality, controlling for sex, age, and trolling tendencies, related to different motives for using Tinder. Current or former Tinder users (N = 216) completed online scales for Tinder use motivations, trolling, sadism, and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Using Tinder for acquiring sexual experience was related to being male and being high in psychopathy. Psychopathy was positively correlated with using Tinder to distract oneself from other tasks (e.g., procrastination). Higher Machiavellianism and being female were related to peer pressure as a Tinder use motivation. Using Tinder for acquiring social or flirting skills had a negative relationship with narcissism, and positive relationship with Machiavellianism. Finally, Machiavellianism was also a significant, positive predictor of Tinder use for social approval and to pass the time. Results indicate that individuals high in Machiavellianism use Tinder for a number of utilitarian reasons, whereas the main motive for high psychopathy individuals is hook-up for casual sex.
Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Hu Di , Rao Song , Wang Zhu-Ting , Hu Sheng-Biao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration. Based on vitrinite reflectance data, we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin. Compared with present thermal state, the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca. 80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous. This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects. The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then. This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks. Meanwhile, the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin. The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs, which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment. In this study, we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous, which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.
Assessment of trace metal in macroalgae and sediment of the Sundarban mangrove estuary
Authors: Asha Ayesha Siddiqua , Saifullah A. S. M. , Uddin Md. Galal , Sheikh Md. Shemul , Uddin Muhammad Jasim , Diganta Mir Talas Mahammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess the levels of trace metals (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) in the macroalgae and sediment of the Sundarban mangrove estuary in Bangladesh. In this connection, macroalgae, water and sediment samples were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) for a year from the study area. The surface water of the estuary was found to be quite rich in NO3, PO4 and NH4, which is more than that of the sediment pore water. Trace elements were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The amount of trace metals in the samples were found in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. Enrichment factor was done for trace metals in sediment and showed non-crustal origin of Zn and Cu in the monsoon period. Analysis of variance revealed the seasonal variation of trace metal concentration in sediment (except Mn; p > 0.05) and macroalgae (except Zn; p > 0.05). Iron in sediment showed significant positive correlation both with Fe (r = 0.84, p < 0.05) and Mn (r = 0.87, p < 0.01) in macroalgae. Similarly, Cu in sediment demonstrated a significant positive correlation with Cu in macroalgae (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). The findings reveal a significant communication of metals in sediment and macroalgae.
The Penal Code of Bhutan: Broken from the Start?
Authors: LHAM Dema , YEO Stanley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Penal Code of Bhutan was introduced just four years before that nation became a democratic state in 2008. After a brief outline of the origins of that Code, this article proceeds to describe the qualities of a ‘good’ code, as viewed by Thomas Macaulay, the principal drafter of the Indian Penal Code. Thereafter, the Penal Code of Bhutan is measured against these qualities and found to be wanting in many significant areas. This article concludes with two possible solutions to rectify this unsatisfactory situation.
Effects of timing of food intake on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain during pregnancy
Authors: Gontijo Cristiana Araújo , Balieiro Laura Cristina Tibiletti , Teixeira Gabriela Pereira , Fahmy Walid Makin , Crispim Cibele Aparecida , Maia Yara Cristina de Paiva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies have suggested that meal timing plays a role in nutritional health, but this subject has not been sufficiently studied in pregnant women. We analysed the effect that timing of food intake has on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain in a prospective cohort study with 100 pregnant women. Data were collected once per trimester: 4th–12th, 20th–26th and 30th–37th weeks. Food intake was evaluated using three 24-h dietary recalls, which were used to assess eating patterns and diet quality. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intake throughout the day was considered eating patterns. Diet quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. Weight gain was evaluated during each trimester. Women were classified as early or late timing of the first and last eating episodes if these values were below or above the median of the population, respectively (first eating episode = 08.38 hours; last eating episode = 20.20 hours). Generalised estimating equation models adjusted for confounders were used to determine the effects of timing of the first and last eating episodes (groups) and gestational trimesters (time) (independent variable) on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain (dependent variables). Early eaters of the first eating episode have a higher percentage of energy and carbohydrate intake in morning and a lower at evening meals. They also have a better diet quality for fruit components when compared with late eaters of the first eating episode. Our results emphasise the importance of considering meal timing in the nutritional antenatal guidelines to promote maternal–fetal health.
Gender, Religion, and Pro-Life Activism
Authors: Swank Eric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolitical mobilizations for and against legal abortions are cyclical entities. Studies on people who joined pro-life movements in the peak of abortion protests (1980s) are relatively common but recent critical studies of right-to-life activists are almost non-existent. To address this lack of recent research, this work combines “political resource” theories and feminist scholarship to explain why certain people are involved in anti-abortion social movements. After analyzing data from the 2010–12 version of the American National Election Surveys (n= 3,860), this study concludes that pro-life activism was primarily driven by absolutist stances on abortion, the minimization of perceived sexism in society, being exposed to religious conversations about politics, and membership in explicitly political groups. The study also found that people's gender, social class, and educational levels failed to predict their pro-life political behaviors.
Endovascular therapy of subclavian artery occlusive disease involving	the vertebral artery origin
Authors: Schneider Vera , Dirschinger Ralf , Wustrow Isabel , Müller Arne , Cassese Salvatore , Fusaro Massimiliano , Kastrati Adnan , Koppara Tobias , Bergmann Katharina , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Ibrahim Tareq , Bradaric Christian 
Published: January 2020

Summary. Background: While the majority of subclavian artery (SA) lesions are localized in the proximal segment, the evidence in patients with medial SA disease involving the vertebral artery (VA) origin are scarce. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent percutaneous revascularization of the SA at our institution. Results: A total of 196 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The majority of SA lesions (n = 163, 83 %) were located in the proximal segment, whereas 28 lesions (14 %) were located in the medial segment, and only 5 lesions (3 %) involved the distal segment. Procedural success was high for both stenosis (96 %) and occlusion (89 %) and did not differ depending on lesion location. Revascularization techniques in the medial segment included stenting of the SA only (13 patients), additional VA balloon-dilatation (6 patients), and bifurcation stenting of the SA and VA using T-stenting technique (9 patients). Outcome after a median of 12 months showed no significant differences in freedom from restenosis between proximal and medial lesions (90 % vs. 95 %; p = 0.67). Conclusions: Endovascular revascularization of SA disease with medial segments involving the VA origin required more complex techniques and showed long-term patency rates comparable to those in lesions located within the proximal SA.
Dyadic Coping in Foster and Biological Parents and Its Relation to	Child Psychopathology
Authors: Job Ann-Katrin , Kerkhoff Denise , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Konrad Kerstin , Heinrichs Nina , Lohaus Arnold 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This study investigated whether foster parents’ reports of their dyadic coping competencies differ from biological parents, whether there are differences with regard to the temporal associations between maternal and paternal dyadic coping in the two samples, and whether parental dyadic coping competencies predict future mental health problems in children. A total of 94 foster children and 157 children living in their biological families, both samples aged 2–7 years, as well as their (foster) parents were assessed three times over a 12-month period. The mothers’ and fathers’ dyadic coping competencies were assessed using the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Child psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a standardized clinical interview (Kinder-DIPS), both mainly based on maternal report. Foster parents reported better dyadic coping competencies across the three assessments than did biological parents. There were no significant differences with regard to the temporal associations between mothers’ and fathers’ report over time between the two samples. Cross-lagged panel models yielded a high within person stability across the three assessments for both, mothers and fathers (actor effects), as well as some significant interpersonal effects primarily from paternal to maternal dyadic coping (partner effects). In contrast to the expectation, mothers’ and fathers’ dyadic coping did not predict child mental health problems at the third assessment. The results make an important contribution to the research on dyadic coping and on how child mental health problems affect parental dyadic coping competencies and vice versa.
Illness Perception and Its Changes During Six Months After	Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Lukoševičiūtė Justė , Šmigelskas Kastytis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Illness perception is a concept that reflects patients' emotional and cognitive representations of disease. This study assessed the illness perception change during 6 months in 195 patients (33% women and 67% men) with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account the biological, psychological, and social factors. At baseline, more threatening illness perception was observed in women, persons aged 65 years or more, with poorer functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV) and comorbidities ( p < .05). Type D personality was the only independent factor related to more threatening illness perception (βs = 0.207, p = .006). At follow-up it was found that only self-reported cardiovascular impairment plays the role in illness perception change (βs = 0.544, p < .001): patients without impairment reported decreasing threats of illness, while the ones with it had a similar perception of threat like at baseline. Other biological, psychological, and social factors were partly associated with illness perception after an acute cardiac event but not with perception change after 6 months.
Intermittent Aeolian Saltation Over a Gobi Surface: Threshold, Saltation Layer Height, and High‐Frequency Variability
Authors: Tan Lihai , An Zhishan , Zhang Kai , Qu Jianjun , Han Qingjie , Wang Junzhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGobi is a type of desert pavement in Asia over which aeolian saltation generates atmospheric dust. However, the high‐frequency behavior of aeolian saltation over gobi is still poorly understood. In this study, coupled high‐frequency observations of three‐dimensional (3‐D) wind speed (U) and saltation particle count rate in a vertical array of Sensit sensors were performed in a gobi region of Milan County, southern Xinjiang, China. The results revealed that aeolian saltation over a gobi surface exhibited an intermittent phenomenon, and the level of the intermittency was governed by the relative wind strength (s), which is consistent with that of sand surfaces. The threshold wind speed (Ut) decreased exponentially with increasing transport activity parameter (AP), and a prominent decrease in Ut was examined when the AP values reached 0.7; comparatively, for sand surfaces, a linearly declining trend occurred over the whole AP range of 0–1. The saltating particles over the gobi surface were distributed in layers of 0.08–0.30 m with an average value of 0.20 ± 0.04 m, which was significantly larger than that of sand surfaces. The relationship between the instantaneous sand transport rate (Q) and U over the gobi surface was also relatively poor and could be improved by lagging Q by 2 s. The mechanism for the collision between saltating particles and the gobi bed, which is rigid and complex in texture, was significantly different from that of the soft and deforming sand bed, causing the difference in aeolian saltation between gobi and sand surfaces.
Pond Excavation Reduces Coastal Wetland Carbon Dioxide Assimilation
Authors: Powell Elisabeth B. , Krause Johannes R. , Martin Rose M. , Watson Elizabeth Burke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoastal wetlands comprise important global carbon sinks; however, anthropogenic disturbance accompanied with accelerating sea level rise threaten their continued survival. In this study, we quantified habitat disturbance to salt marshes in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, resulting from the construction of ponds for mosquito control. Geographic object‐based image analysis of high‐resolution four‐band aerial imagery revealed that over 7,000 ponds were constructed in the marsh complex with pond densities as high as 290 ponds per km2. Physical disturbance from pond creation and sediment dispersal extended to over 17% of the bay's tidal wetlands. By tracking recolonization of vegetation, we estimated that it took 5 years for 51% vegetation recovery and 10 years for 69% recovery, with complete recover (100%) not expected for more than 50 years. This suggests that efforts to extend the lifespan of drowning coastal wetlands through sediment additions might disrupt carbon dioxide assimilation, as effects of disturbance persist. Focusing on greenhouse gas exchange, our work found that areas of marsh vegetation contribute to carbon assimilation (−42 g C · m−2 · year−1), while ponds and areas of bare peat created by pond excavation were associated with carbon emissions (44 and 125 g C · m−2 · year−1, respectively). These results suggest that the conversion of wetlands to ponds—which is a significant driver of coastal wetland loss worldwide—may convert coastal wetlands from greenhouse gas sinks to sources. Additionally, quantifying the area of vegetation within a marsh (vs. bare ground or open water) is important for quantifying their greenhouse gas mitigation function.
Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory
Authors: Hogarth Lee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, a habit driven by strong stimulus−response associations, or a compulsion driven by insensitivity to costs imposed on drug seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory is supported by dependence severity being associated with greater drug choice/economic demand. Drug choice is demonstrably goal-directed (driven by the expected value of the drug) and can be augmented by stress/negative mood induction and withdrawal—effects amplified in those with psychiatric symptoms and drug use coping motives. Furthermore, psychiatric symptoms confer risk of dependence, and coping motives mediate this risk. Habit theory of addiction has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen in drug-exposed animals often does not occur in complex decision scenarios, or where responding is rewarded, so habit is unlikely to explain most human addictive behaviour where these conditions apply. Furthermore, most human studies have not found greater propensity to habitual behaviour in drug users or as a function of dependence severity, and the minority that have can be explained by task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion theory of addiction also has weak support. The persistence of punished drug seeking in animals is better explained by greater drug value (evinced by the association with economic demand) than by insensitivity to costs. Furthermore, human studies have provided weak evidence that propensity to discount cost imposed on drug seeking is associated with dependence severity. These data suggest that human addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect, and less by habit or compulsion. Addiction is pathological because negative states powerfully increase expected drug value acutely outweighing abstinence goals.
UBE2O promotes the proliferation, EMT and stemness properties of breast cancer cells through the UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1-MYC positive feedback loop
Authors: Liu Xu , Ma Fei , Liu Chunxiao , Zhu Kaiyuan , Li Wenjie , Xu Yuting , Li Ge , Niu Zhenbo , Liu Jiaxin , Chen Du , Li Zhigao , Fu Yingqiang , Qian Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O) is a large E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that possesses both E2 and E3 ligase activities. Ectopic UBE2O overexpression is associated with a variety of human diseases, especially cancers. However, the expression profile and functional biology of UBE2O in human breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that UBE2O was significantly overexpressed in human BC tissues and cells. Patients with high UBE2O expression tended to have a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. In vitro assays revealed that UBE2O promoted BC cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and endowed BC cells with cancer stemness properties (CSPs). UBE2O knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells suppressed tumour growth and lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, UBE2O functioned as a ubiquitin enzyme of AMPKα2, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation and thus activating the mTORC1 signal pathway and contributing to BC oncogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, as a downstream factor of the UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1 axis, the oncoprotein MYC transcriptionally promoted UBE2O and formed a positive feedback loop in human BC. Collectively, our study demonstrated that UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1-MYC forms a positive feedback loop in human BC cells that regulates BC cell proliferation and EMT and endows BC cells with CSPs.