bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncological outcomes for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine and external‐beam radiation therapy followed by adjuvant continuous/intermittent endocrine therapy in an open‐label, randomized, phase 3 trial
Authors: Ito Kazuto , Kobayashi Mikio , Komiyama Motokiyo , Naito Seiji , Nishimura Kazuo , Yonese Junji , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Saito Shiro , Arai Gaku , Shinohara Mitsuru , Masumori Naoya , Shimizu Nobuaki , Satoh Takefumi , Yamauchi Atsushi , Tochigi Tatsuo , Takezawa Yutaka , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yokomizo Akira , Kakimoto Ken‐Ichi , Fukui Iwao , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Tsukamoto Taiji , Nozaki Miwako , Hasumi Masaru , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Ohtani Mikinobu , Kuwahara Masaaki , Harada Masaoki , Ohashi Yasuo , Kotake Toshihiko , Kakizoe Tadao , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Yamanaka Hidetoshi ,   for the National Research Project on Endocrine‐Radiation Combination Therapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Investigators
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo date, research has not determined the optimal procedure for adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) treated for 6 months with neoadjuvant ADT and external‐beam radiation therapy (EBRT).MethodsA multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial enrolled 303 patients with locally advanced PCa between 2001 and 2006. Participants were treated with neoadjuvant ADT for 6 months. Then, 280 patients whose prostate‐specific antigen levels were less than pretreatment levels and less than 10 ng/mL were randomized. All 280 participants were treated with 72 Gy of EBRT in combination with adjuvant ADT for 8 months. Thereafter, participants were assigned to long‐term ADT (5 years in all; arm 1) or intermittent ADT (arm 2). The primary endpoint was modified biochemical relapse–free survival (bRFS) with respect to nonmetastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) progression, clinical relapse, or any cause of death.ResultsThe median follow‐up time after randomization was 8.2 years. Among the 136 and 144 men assigned to trial arms 1 and 2, respectively, 24 and 30 progressed to nmCRPC or clinical relapse, and 5 and 6 died of PCa. The 5‐year modified bRFS rates were 84.8% and 82.8% in trial arms 1 and 2, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.132; 95% confidence interval, 0.744‐1.722).ConclusionsAlthough modified bRFS data did not demonstrate noninferiority for arm 2, intermittent adjuvant ADT after EBRT with 14 months of neoadjuvant and short‐term adjuvant ADT is a promising treatment strategy, especially in a population of responders after 6 months of ADT for locally advanced PCa.
Single Quality Factor for Enthalpy‐Entropy Compensation, Isoequilibrium and Isokinetic Relationships
Authors: Griessen Ronald , Boelsma Christiaan , Schreuders Herman , Broedersz Chase P. , Gremaud Robin , Dam Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnthalpy‐entropy compensation (EEC) is very often encountered in chemistry, biology and physics. Its origin is widely discussed since it would allow, for example, a very accurate tuning of the thermodynamic properties as a function of the reactants. However, EEC is often discarded as a statistical artefact, especially when only a limited temperature range is considered. We show that the likeliness of a statistical origin of an EEC can be established with a compensation quality factor (CQF) that depends only on the measured enthalpies and entropies and the experimental temperature range. This is directly derived from a comparison of the CQF with threshold values obtained from a large number of simulations with randomly generated Van ‘t Hoff plots. The value of CQF is furthermore a direct measure of the existence of a genuine isoequilibrium or isokinetic relationship.
Association between herpes simplex virus 1 exposure and the risk of depression in UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Jing , Wen Yan , Chu Xiaomeng , Li Ping , Cheng Bolun , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Zhang Lu , Ma Mei , Qi Xin , Liang Chujun , Kafle Om Prakash , Jia Yumeng , Wu Cuiyan , Wang Sen , Wang Xi , Ning Yujie , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHerpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) infection is reported to be associated with depression. But limited efforts were made to investigate the relationship between HSV‐1 infection and the risk of depression, especially from the genetic perspective.MethodsIn UK Biobank cohort, linear and logistic regression analyses were first performed to test the association of HSV‐1 seropositivity/antibody with depression, including depression status (N = 2951) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score (N = 2839). Using individual genotypic and phenotypic data from the UK Biobank, genome‐wide environmental interaction study (GWEIS) was then conducted by PLINK2.0 to evaluate gene × HSV‐1 interacting effect on the risk of depression. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to identify the biological pathways involved in the observed gene × HSV‐1 interaction for depression.ResultIn UK Biobank cohort, significant associations were observed between depression status and HSV‐1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.16; P = 2.40 × 10−2 for HSV‐1 antibody and OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.47, P = 2.59 × 10−3 for HSV‐1 seropositivity). GWEIS revealed four significant gene × HSV‐1 interaction signals for PHQ score (all P < 5.0 × 10−8) and the leading loci was SULF2 (rs6094791, P = 8.60 × 10−9). Pathway analyses identified 21 pathways for PHQ score and 19 for depression status, including multiple neural development‐ and immune‐related ones, such as KEGG_NEUROACTIVE_LIGAND_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION (false discovery rate [FDR] = 3.18 × 10−2) for depression and LU_AGING_BRAIN_UP (FDR = 4.21 × 10−2) for PHQ score.ConclusionOur results suggested that HSV‐1 was associated with the risk of depression, which was modulated by the several genes that were related to the nerve development or immune function.
Trait–environment relationships differ between mixed‐species flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Holyoak Marcel , Goodale Eben , Liu Zhifa , Shen Yong , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Min , Dong Anqiang , Zou Fasheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypotheses about the mechanisms of community assembly suggest that biotic and abiotic filters constrain species establishment through selection on their functional traits. It is unclear how differences in traits influence the niche dimensions of closely related bird species when they coexist in spatiotemporally heterogeneous environments. Further, it is necessary to take into account their participation in mixed‐species flocks, social systems that can include both competition and facilitation. For 6 yr, we conducted counts of forest bird species and took measurements of environmental variables along an elevational gradient in the Nanling Mountains, China. To disentangle different deterministic and historical/stochastic processes between flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages, we first compared phylogenetic and functional structure, and community‐weighted mean trait values (CWM). We further assessed elevational variations in trait–environment relationships. We found that the flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages were structured by environmental gradients in contrasting ways. The nonflocking assemblage showed a strong change from over‐dispersed to clustered community structure with increasing elevations, consistent with the strong selective pressures of a harsh environment (i.e., environmental filtering). The nonflocking assemblage also displayed significant trait–environment relationships in bivariate correlations and multivariate ordination space, including specific morphological and foraging traits that are linked to vegetation characteristics (e.g., short trees at high elevations). By contrast, flocking birds were more resilient to habitat change with elevation, with relatively consistent community membership, and showed fewer trait–environment associations. CWM of traits that are known to be associated with species’ propensity to join mixed‐species flocks, including small body size and broad habitat specificity, were linked to the flocking assemblage consistently across the elevational gradient. Collectively, our trait‐based analyses provide strong evidence that trait–environment relationships differ between flocking and nonflocking bird assemblages. Besides serving as bellwethers of changing environments, emergent properties of flock systems may increase the resilience of animal communities undergoing environmental change. Mixed‐species flocks present an ideal model with which to explore cooccurrence of closely related species, because habitat filtering may be buffered, and the patterns observed are therefore the outcomes of species interactions including both competition and facilitation.
Pain memory in patients with chronic pain versus asymptomatic individuals: A prospective cohort study
Authors: La Touche Roy , Paris‐Alemany Alba , Suso‐Martí Luis , Martín‐Alcocer Noelia , Mercado Francisco , Cuenca‐Martínez Ferran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe main objective of this study was to assess pain memory as well as long‐term episodic memory, both in patients with chronic pain (CP) and in asymptomatic participants (AP).MethodsA prospective cohort study design was used. Sixty‐eight participants were divided into two groups: CP (n = 34) and AP (n = 34). The protocol consisted of taking eight tests, four painful provocation tests and four distracting tests, and completing a memory test on the order of the tests at the end of the experiment and at 1‐month post‐experiment.ResultsPatients with CP showed acceptable concordance in the classification, in ascending order from lower to higher pain perception, both post‐experiment and 1‐month post‐experiment (κ = 0.41–0.60, p < .001). No differences were found regarding recall of the order of the tests, but differences were found in painful tests isolated only post‐experiment in the CP group with a moderate effect size (p < .05, d = 0.77).ConclusionsPatients with CP had a more reliable memory than AP in relation to the memory of the pain caused experimentally until at least 1 month after the experiment. Interspersing distraction tests appeared to result in increased complexity and difficulty in coding and decoding information in patients with CP, leading to similar reliable long‐term memory consolidation in comparison with AP.SignificanceTreatments directed towards chronic pain should consider the influence of painful memories and their establishment towards long‐term explicit episodic memories in patients with chronic pain, as well as the influence of cognitive‐evaluative and affective‐motivational variables on memory. Not causing pain while implementing a treatment whose objective is to reduce pain could reduce the probability of developing new painful memories in patients with chronic pain.
A stapled POL κ peptide targets REV1 to inhibit mutagenic translesion synthesis
Authors: Chatterjee Nimrat , D'Souza Sanjay , Shabab Mohammad , Harris Cynthia A. , Hilinski Gerard J. , Verdine Gregory L. , Walker Graham C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStapled α‐helical RIR (Rev1‐interacting region) peptides of DNA POL κ bind more effectively to the RIR‐interface of the C‐terminal recruitment domain of the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase Rev1 than unstapled peptide. The tightest‐binding stapled peptide translocates into cells and enhances the cytotoxicity of DNA damaging agents while reducing mutagenesis. Drugs with these characteristics could potentially serve as adjuvants to improve chemotherapy and reduce acquired resistance by inhibiting Rev1‐dependent mutagenic translesion synthesis.
Exploring the characteristics and drivers of indirect energy consumption of urban and rural households from a sectoral perspective
Authors: Li Xin , He Xiaoqiong , Luo Xiyu , Cui Xiandan , Wang Minxi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChina is actively taking measures to guide the household energy‐saving consumption pattern because the total household indirect energy consumption and CO2 emissions have rapidly multiplied from 2002 to 2017 with an annual growth rate of 5.95%, and 5.56%, respectively. This paper calculates indirect energy consumption and CO2 emissions by four energy sources (raw coal, crude oil, natural gas, and electricity), analyzes the energy structure, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis in urban and rural areas in China from 2002 to 2017. The results reveal that the indirect energy consumption and CO2 emissions of urban households was 3.84 and 3.80 times, respectively, that of rural households in 2017 with most contributions from the ‘Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fishery’, ‘Foods and Tobacco’, and ‘OTHERS’ sectors. The energy consumption structure has changed. The percentage of coal consumption falls from 66.87% to 57.62%. Electricity consumption, ranked second, increased substantially from 10.77% to 22.90%. The key sectors of the energy mix have been found to help energy conservation. The high indirect energy consumption sectors with higher indirect energy intensity are the key sectors, especially the ‘Processing of Petroleum, Coking and Processing of Nuclear Fuel’ and ‘Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat Power’. The consumption structure effect is more obvious in urban areas than in rural areas. In the process of urbanization, its effect has little impact on urban indirect energy consumption. It implies that the focus is on optimizing consumption structure rather than reducing consumption scale. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASCL1 regulates neurodevelopmental transcription factors and cell cycle genes in brain tumors of glioma mouse models
Authors: Vue Tou Yia , Kollipara Rahul K. , Borromeo Mark D. , Smith Tyler , Mashimo Tomoyuki , Burns Dennis K. , Bachoo Robert M. , Johnson Jane E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are incurable brain tumors with a high degree of cellular heterogeneity and genetic mutations. Transcription factors that normally regulate neural progenitors and glial development are aberrantly coexpressed in GBM, conferring cancer stem‐like properties to drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the functional role of individual transcription factors in GBMs in vivo remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the basic‐helix–loop–helix transcription factor ASCL1 regulates transcriptional targets that are central to GBM development, including neural stem cell and glial transcription factors, oncogenic signaling molecules, chromatin modifying genes, and cell cycle and mitotic genes. We also show that the loss of ASCL1 significantly reduces the proliferation of GBMs induced in the brain of a genetically relevant glioma mouse model, resulting in extended survival times. RNA‐seq analysis of mouse GBM tumors reveal that the loss of ASCL1 is associated with downregulation of cell cycle genes, illustrating an important role for ASCL1 in controlling the proliferation of GBM.
Soil NO3− storage from oasis development in deserts: Implications for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution
Authors: Qi Shi , Liu Wei , Shu Heping , Liu Fei , Ma Jinzhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sources and storage of soil NO3− in the western Tengger Desert, Northwest China, were explored using water chemistry analysis and stable isotope techniques. In line with the expansion and development of oases, part of the desert has been transformed into cultivated land and artificial forest land. The mean soil NO3− contents found in areas of cultivated land and artificial forest were 123.06 mg kg−1 and 1.26 mg kg−1, far higher and slightly lower than the background desert soil values, respectively. The δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values in cultivated soils ranged from 1.00 to 11.81 ‰, and from −1.85 to 8.99 ‰, respectively, and the mean mNO3−/Cl− value in cultivated soils was 2.3. These figures would appear to demonstrate that the rapid increase in the nitrate content in soils is principally due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer. Such increases in soil NO3− storage is likely to promote the leaching of nitrogen into the groundwater where coarsely textured soils exist, the pollution of water sources used for irrigation water, and extreme precipitation events. The δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values in groundwater ranged from 3.72 to 6.54 ‰, and from −0.19 to 12.06 ‰, respectively, mainly reflecting the nitrification of soil nitrogen. These values appeared similar to those measured in the soil water in adjacent areas of cultivated land and vegetated desert, indicating that the groundwater has been affected by both natural and artificial NO3−. Artificial afforestation of desert regions would therefore seem to be a useful way of reducing the threat posed by anthropogenic sources to the circulation of NO3−‐N within arid regions, as well as promoting wind sheltering and sand fixation. This study explored the NO3− storage and groundwater quality responses to oasis development in arid areas in an attempt to provide effective information for local agricultural organizations and agricultural nitrogen management models.
LPS-Induced Inflammation Prior to Injury Exacerbates the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Mendez Melanie E , Sebastian Aimy , Murugesh Deepa K , Hum Nicholas R , McCool Jillian L , Hsia Allison W , Christiansen Blaine A , Loots Gabriela G 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating and painful disease characterized by the progressive loss of articular cartilage. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is an injury-induced type of OA that persists in an asymptomatic phase for years before it becomes diagnosed in ~50% of injured individuals. Although PTOA is not classified as an inflammatory disease, it has been suggested that inflammation could be a major driver of PTOA development. Here we examined whether a state of systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration 5-days before injury would modulate PTOA outcomes. RNA-seq analysis at 1-day post-injury followed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histology characterization at 6 weeks post-injury revealed that LPS administration causes more severe PTOA phenotypes. These phenotypes included significantly higher loss of cartilage and subchondral bone volume. Gene expression analysis showed that LPS alone induced a large cohort of inflammatory genes previously shown to be elevated in synovial M1 macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, suggesting that systemic LPS produces synovitis. This synovitis was sufficient to promote PTOA in MRL/MpJ mice, a strain previously shown to be resistant to PTOA. The synovium of LPS-treated injured joints displayed an increase in cellularity, and immunohistological examination confirmed that this increase was in part attributable to an elevation in type 1 macrophages. LPS induced the expression of Tlr7 and Tlr8 in both injured and uninjured joints, genes known to be elevated in RA. We conclude that inflammation before injury is an important risk factor for the development of PTOA and that correlating patient serum endotoxin levels or their state of systemic inflammation with PTOA progression may help develop new, effective treatments to lower the rate of PTOA in injured individuals. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quorum sensing mediated response of Achromobacter denitrificans SP1 towards prodigiosin production under phthalate stress
Authors: Erandapurathukadumana Sreedharan Hareesh , Cherukara Chellappan Harilal , Selvanesan Pradeep , Garvasis Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuorum sensing is a density‐dependent chemical process between bacteria, which may be intergenus or intragenus. N‐acyl homoserine lactones (HSLs) are a type of small signaling molecules associated with Gram‐negative bacteria for monitoring their own population density. The present study unveils the mechanism of HSLs in Achromobacter denitrificans SP1 while transforming di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) into prodigiosin in a simple basal salt medium. The primary detection of HSLs was done by the colorimetric method. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight confirmed and identified the HSLs. The maximum production of HSLs was observed between 24 and 72 h of incubation, which is noted to be a peak time of DEHP degradation. A total of 57.2% of DEHP was degraded within 30 h and complete degradation was observed within 72 h of incubation. Regulation in the synthesis of various acyl‐HSL molecules, viz. 3OC6‐HSL in the initial stage of DEHP stress, 3OC8‐HSL, and C10‐HSL during the time of degradation and 3OC12‐HSL on completion of degradation was noticed. The role of HSLs on the production of prodigiosin was confirmed using vanillin as an HSL inhibitor. Through the selective activation of HSL molecules, A. denitrificans SP1 sustain the changing stressful conditions. Supplementation of acyl‐HSL signal molecules may boost up the efficacy of A. denitrificans SP1 in both DEHP degradation and prodigiosin production which offers great potential towards the management of DEHP containing plastic wastes.
Combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers in drip fertigation improves nitrogen use efficiency and enhances tomato yield and quality
Authors: Wu You , Yan Shicheng , Fan Junliang , Zhang Fucang , Zheng Jing , Guo Jinjin , Xiang Youzhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSustainable greenhouse tomato production requires optimal fertilizer management to achieve the double‐win strategy of producing high yields and maximizing profits with less environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to seek an optimal fertilization strategy maintaining high productivity of greenhouse tomato, improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrate leaching risk.RESULTSThe combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha−1) and plant dry matter (10 449.12 kg ha−1), but also enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (176.78 kg kg−1), soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments, that is chicken manures for basal application and chemical fertilizer for topdressing (CC), soluble organic fertilizer for topdressing (SO) and soluble chemical fertilizer for topdressing (SC). In terms of soil nutrients residue, SOSC had no obvious NO3−‐N accumulation area in the 0–60 cm soil layer, unlike large accumulation in the soil layer below 30 cm in SO and SC.CONCLUSIONThe combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers is highly recommended to sustain fruit yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil degradation risks in commercial greenhouse tomato production.