bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamonds from Wellington, NSW: insights into the origin of eastern Australian
diamonds
Authors: Davies R. M. , O'Reilly S. Y. , Griffin W. L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Diamonds from alluvial deposits near Wellington, New South Wales, have been
characterized on the basis of morphological features, mineral inclusions, C
isotope signatures, N content and aggregation state and internal structure. The
diamonds are of two types. The larger group (Group A) is indistinguishable from
diamonds found worldwide from kimberlitic and lamproitic host rocks. This group is
inferred to have formed in a peridotitic mantle source in Pre-Cambrian subcratonic
lithosphere. The second group (Group B) is unique in its internal structures
(which show evidence of growth in a stress field and non-planar facets), has
unusually heavy C isotopic compositions and contains Ca-rich eclogitic inclusions.
This group is inferred to have formed in a subducting slab. Diamonds of both
groups have external features (corrosion structures and polish) indicating
transport to the surface by lamproitic-like magmas. The diamonds show evidence of
long residence at the earth's surface and significant alluvial reworking: they are
not accompanied by typical diamond indicator minerals.
Survival after transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood is comparable to that of human leukocyte antigen–matched unrelated donor bone marrow: results of a matched-pair analysis
Authors: Barker Juliet N. , Davies Stella M. , DeFor Todd , Ramsay Norma K. C. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Wagner John E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is being increasingly used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has been associated with a reduced incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To further investigate the relative merits of unrelated donor UCB versus bone marrow (BM), a matched-pair analysis comparing the outcomes of recipients of 0 to 3 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–mismatched UCB and HLA-A, B, DRB1-matched BM was performed. UCB patients, who received cyclosporine (CSA) and methylprednisolone (MP), were matched for age, diagnosis, and disease stage with BM patients, who received either methotrexate (MTX) and CSA (26 pairs) or T-cell depletion (TCD) and CSA/MP (31 pairs). Patients were predominantly children (median age, 5 years) undergoing transplantation for malignancy, storage diseases, BM failure, and immunodeficiency syndromes between 1991 and 1999. Although neutrophil recovery was significantly slower after UCB transplantation, the probability of donor-derived engraftment at day 45 was 88% in UCB versus 96% in BM-MTX recipients (P = .41) and 85% in UCB versus 90% in BM-TCD recipients (P = .32), respectively. Platelet recovery was similar in UCB versus BM pairs. Furthermore, incidences of acute and chronic GVHD were similar in UCB and BM recipients, with 53% of UCB versus 41% of BM-MTX recipients alive (P = .40) and 52% of UCB versus 56% of BM-TCD recipients alive at 2 years (P &gt; .80), respectively. These data suggest that despite increased HLA disparity, probabilities of engraftment, GVHD, and survival after UCB transplantation are comparable to those observed after HLA-matched BM transplantation. Therefore, UCB should be considered an acceptable alternative to HLA-matched BM for pediatric patients.
Long-term evaluation of the beneficial effect of subtotal splenectomy for management of hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Gauthier Frédéric , Archambaud Frédérique , Cynober Thérèse , Miélot Francoise , Dommergues Jean-Paul , Warszawski Josiane , Mohandas Narla , Tchernia Gil 
Published: July 2002

AbstractClinical manifestations of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) can be abrogated by splenectomy. However, concerns exist regarding exposure of patients to a lifelong risk for overwhelming infections and, to a lesser extent, to vascular complications after total splenectomy. In the search for alternative treatment modalities, we assessed, in a previous pilot study, the potential usefulness of subtotal splenectomy in a small population of patients. During a mean follow-up period of 3.5 years, subtotal splenectomy was shown to be effective in decreasing the hemolytic rate, while maintaining the phagocytic function of the spleen. In the current study, we evaluated the clinical and biologic features of 40 patients with HS who underwent subtotal splenectomy and were monitored for periods ranging from 1 to 14 years. The beneficial effect of subtotal splenectomy included a sustained decrease in hemolytic rate and a continued maintenance of phagocytic function of the splenic remnant. However, mild-to-moderate hemolysis was persistent and accounted for secondary gallstone formation and aplastic crisis in a small subset of patients. Surprisingly, regrowth of the remnant spleen did not seem to have a major impact on the beneficial outcomes of these individuals. Our results suggest that subtotal splenectomy appears to be a reasonable treatment option for management of patients with HS, especially young children.
Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan–mediated regulation of human neutrophil migration by the serpin antithrombin III
Authors: Dunzendorfer Stefan , Kaneider Nicole , Rabensteiner Andrea , Meierhofer Christian , Reinisch Christina , Römisch Jürgen , Wiedermann Christian J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe serpin antithrombin III (AT III) is reported to have hemostasis-regulating and anti-inflammatory properties. To determine its ability to influence thrombin-independent leukocyte responses, the direct effects of the AT III concentrate Kybernin P and a monoclonal antibody-purified AT III on neutrophil migration were studied. Chemotactic activity of human neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors was determined in modified Boyden microchemotaxis chambers, and binding studies were performed according to standard experimental protocols. Preincubation in vitro of neutrophils with Kybernin P or immune-adsorbed AT III significantly deactivated migration toward fMet-Leu-Phe, or interleukin-8 (IL-8), in a concentration-dependent manner. In the absence of additional attractants, neutrophils exhibited a migratory response toward gradients of AT III preparations. True chemotaxis was confirmed in checkerboard assays. Analyses revealed that the AT III heparin-binding site interacts with neutrophil membrane–associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan receptors. Mechanisms of intracellular signaling differed; the deactivation of IL-8–induced chemotaxis resulted from tyrphostin-sensitive interactions of AT III-signaling with the IL-8 signal transduction pathway, whereas AT III–induced chemotaxis involved protein kinase C and phosphodiesterases. Signaling similarities between AT III and the proteoglycan syndecan-4 may suggest the binding of AT III to this novel type of membrane receptor. Under physiological conditions, AT III may prevent neutrophils from premature activation. Moreover, the systemic administration of AT III concentrate could have beneficial effects in combating systemic inflammation.
Specialized roles of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in the recruitment of monocytes and TH1-like/CD45RO+T cells
Authors: Weber Christian , Weber Kim S. C. , Klier Christiane , Gu Songhai , Wank Rudolf , Horuk Richard , Nelson Peter J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChemokines and their receptors control the emigration of leukocytes during inflammation. The role of the RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in the selective recruitment of monocytes, TH1-like T-cell clones, and peripheral T cells enriched for CD45RO+“memory” cells were tested in a system in which arrest under flow conditions is triggered by RANTES immobilized to activated endothelium. With the use of selective nonpeptide receptor antagonists or blocking antibodies, it was found that the RANTES-induced arrest of these cells was mediated predominantly by CCR1. In contrast, CCR5 mainly contributed to the spreading in shear flow, and both CCR1 and CCR5 supported transendothelial chemotaxis toward RANTES. The data in this study reveal specialized roles of apparently redundant receptors in distinct steps of leukocyte trafficking and suggest that not all receptors currently used to define mononuclear cell subsets are involved in their direct recruitment from the circulation.
Autoreactive CD4+ T-cell clones to β2-glycoprotein I in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: preferential recognition of the major phospholipid-binding site
Authors: Arai Takahide , Yoshida Kazue , Kaburaki Junichi , Inoko Hidetoshi , Ikeda Yasuo , Kawakami Yutaka , Kuwana Masataka 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAutoreactive CD4+ T cells to β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) that promote antiphospholipid antibody production were recently identified in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). To further examine antigen recognition profiles and T-cell helper activity in β2GPI-reactive T cells, 14 CD4+ T-cell clones specific to β2GPI were generated from 3 patients with APS by repeated stimulation of peripheral blood T cells with recombinant β2GPI. At least 4 distinct T-cell epitopes were identified, but the majority of the β2GPI-specific T-cell clones responded to a peptide encompassing amino acid residues 276 to 290 of β2GPI (KVSFFCKNKEKKCSY; single-letter amino acid codes) that contains the major phospholipid-binding site in the context of the DRB4*0103 allele. Ten of 12 β2GPI-specific T-cell clones were able to stimulate autologous peripheral blood B cells to promote anti-β2GPI antibody production in the presence of recombinant β2GPI. T-cell helper activity was exclusively found in T-cell clones capable of producing interleukin 6 (IL-6). In vitro anti-β2GPI antibody production induced by T-cell clones was inhibited by anti-IL-6 or anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody. In addition, exogenous IL-6 augmented anti-β2GPI antibody production in cultures of the T-cell clone lacking IL-6 expression. These results indicate that β2GPI-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with APS preferentially recognize the antigenic peptide containing the major phospholipid-binding site and have the capacity to stimulate B cells to produce anti-β2GPI antibodies through IL-6 expression and CD40-CD40 ligand engagement. These findings are potentially useful for clarifying the pathogenesis of APS and for developing therapeutic strategies that suppress pathogenic antiphospholipid antibody production in these patients.
Clinical significance of CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Del Poeta Giovanni , Maurillo Luca , Venditti Adriano , Buccisano Francesco , Epiceno Anna Maria , Capelli Giovanni , Tamburini Anna , Suppo Giovanna , Battaglia Alessandra , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Del Moro Beatrice , Masi Mario , Amadori Sergio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) follows heterogeneous clinical courses, and several biological parameters need to be added to the current clinical staging systems to predict which patients will experience an indolent or an aggressive outcome. This study analyzed CD38 expression by flow cytometry and soluble APO1/Fas (sAPO1/Fas), Bcl-2 (sBcl-2), and CD23 (sCD23) proteins by immunoenzymatic methods to evaluate their effect on the clinical course of 168 unselected B-CLL patients. Intermediate/high risk modified Rai stages were characterized by a higher CD38+ B-cell number (P = .0002) and higher sCD23 levels (P < .0001). Moreover, CD38+ B-cell percentages were significantly and directly associated both with β2-microglobulin and sCD23 concentrations (P < .0001 and P = .002, respectively). Both a higher tumor burden (lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly) and a lymphocyte doubling time less than 12 months were significantly associated with higher CD38+ percentages (P < .0001 and P = .0001, respectively). With regard to clinical outcome, progression-free survival was significantly longer (75% versus 37% at 5 years; P = .00006) in patients with lower CD38+ B-cell percentages. Furthermore, the risk of partial or no response to fludarabine increased with increasing CD38 expression (P = .003), and a shorter overall survival (50% versus 92% at 8 years; P < .00001) characterized patients with more than 30% CD38+ B-cell number. The predictive value of CD38 expression was maintained among the patients within the Rai intermediate risk group and was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Thus, the percentage of CD38+ B cells appears to be an accurate predictor of clinical outcome and therefore could be used to indicate when more novel chemotherapeutic approaches are needed.
Roles for thrombin and fibrin(ogen) in cytokine/chemokine production and macrophage adhesion in vivo
Authors: Szaba Frank M. , Smiley Stephen T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExtravascular coagulation leading to fibrin deposition accompanies many immune and inflammatory responses. Although recognized by pathologists for decades, and probably pathologic under certain conditions, the physiologic functions of extravascular coagulation remain to be fully defined. This study demonstrates that thrombin can activate macrophage adhesion and prompt interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages were elicited with thioglycollate (TG) and then activated in situ, either by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by injection of antigen into mice bearing antigen-primed T cells. Others previously established that such treatments stimulate macrophage adhesion to the mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity. The present study demonstrates that thrombin functions in this process, as macrophage adhesion was suppressed by Refludan, a highly specific thrombin antagonist, and induced by direct peritoneal administration of purified thrombin. Although recent studies established that protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) mediates some of thrombin's proinflammatory activities macrophage adhesion occurred normally in PAR-1–deficient mice. However, adhesion was suppressed in fibrin(ogen)-deficient mice, suggesting that fibrin formation stimulates macrophage adhesion in vivo. This study also suggests that fibrin regulates chemokine/cytokine production in vivo, as direct injection of thrombin stimulated peritoneal accumulation of IL-6 and MCP-1 in a fibrin(ogen)-dependent manner. Given that prior studies have clearly established inflammatory roles for PAR-1, thrombin probably has pleiotropic functions during inflammation, stimulating vasodilation and mast cell degranulation via PAR-1, and activating cytokine/chemokine production and macrophage adhesion via fibrin(ogen).
Microwave‐Powered Liquid Metal Degradation of Polyolefins
Authors: Gao Jianye , Zhao Jun , Xing Zerong , Guo Minghui , Xie Haijiao , Ma Wangjing , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUpcycling waste plastics is highly promising to tackle global white pollution while achieving sustainable development. However, prevailing approaches often encounter challenges in scalable engineering practices due to either insufficient plastic upcycling capability or arduousness in the separation, recovery, and purification of catalysts, which inevitably augments the cost of plastic upcycling. Here, the microwave‐powered liquid metal synergetic depolymerization is presented to facilitate low‐cost plastic upcycling. By leveraging the fluidity of liquid metals and their exceptional chemical‐bond activation ability under microwave field, this method efficiently converts various polyolefins into narrowband hydrocarbon oil (Oil yield: 81 wt.% for polypropylene (PP), 85.9 wt.% for polyethylene (PE)) and high‐value olefin monomers (C2‐4 selectivity: 50% for PE, 65.3% for PP) over 30 successive cycles, resulting in a high turnover frequency of 2.83 kgPlastic mLLiquid metal−1. These captivating advantages offered by electromagnetically‐powered liquid metals are also supported by their self‐separation features, thereby paving the way for large‐scale engineering solutions in waste plastic upcycling.
Intrinsic Localized Excitons in MoSe2/CrSBr Heterostructure
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Song Zhigang , Gao Yuchen , Gu Pingfan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yang Shiqi , Chen Zuxin , Ye Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite extensive studies on magnetic proximity effects, the fundamental excitonic properties of the 2D semiconductor‐magnet heterostructures remain elusive. Here, the presence of localized excitons in MoSe2/CrSBr heterostructures is unveiled, represented by a new photoluminescence emission feature, X*. Our findings reveal that X* originates from excitons confined by intrinsic defects in the CrSBr layer. Additionally, the degrees of valley polarization of the X* and trion peaks exhibit opposite polarities under a magnetic field and closely correlate with the magnetic order of CrSBr. This is attributed to spin‐dependent charge transfer across the heterointerface, supported by density functional theory calculations which reveal a type‐II band alignment. Furthermore, the strong in‐plane anisotropy of CrSBr induces unique polarization‐dependent responses in MoSe2 emissions. This study highlights the crucial role of defects in shaping excitonic properties and offers valuable insights into spectrally resolved proximity effects in semiconductor‐magnet van der Waals heterostructures.
SciAgents: Automating Scientific Discovery Through Bioinspired Multi‐Agent Intelligent Graph Reasoning
Authors: Ghafarollahi Alireza , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA key challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) is the creation of systems capable of autonomously advancing scientific understanding by exploring novel domains, identifying complex patterns, and uncovering previously unseen connections in vast scientific data. In this work, SciAgents, an approach that leverages three core concepts is presented: (1) large‐scale ontological knowledge graphs to organize and interconnect diverse scientific concepts, (2) a suite of large language models (LLMs) and data retrieval tools, and (3) multi‐agent systems with in‐situ learning capabilities. Applied to biologically inspired materials, SciAgents reveals hidden interdisciplinary relationships that were previously considered unrelated, achieving a scale, precision, and exploratory power that surpasses human research methods. The framework autonomously generates and refines research hypotheses, elucidating underlying mechanisms, design principles, and unexpected material properties. By integrating these capabilities in a modular fashion, the system yields material discoveries, critiques and improves existing hypotheses, retrieves up‐to‐date data about existing research, and highlights strengths and limitations. This is achieved by harnessing a “swarm of intelligence” similar to biological systems, providing new avenues for discovery. How this model accelerates the development of advanced materials by unlocking Nature's design principles, resulting in a new biocomposite with enhanced mechanical properties and improved sustainability through energy‐efficient production is shown.
Boosting Anionic Redox Reactions of Li‐Rich Cathodes through Lattice Oxygen and Li‐Ion Kinetics Modulation in Working All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Sun Shuo , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Liu Gao‐Yao , Wang Shu‐Cheng , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Kong Wei‐Jin , Li Jin‐Liang , Chen Xiang , Zhao Xiangyu , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of lithium‐rich manganese‐based oxides (LRMOs) as the cathode in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) holds great potential for realizing high energy density over 600 Wh kg−1. However, their implementation is significantly hindered by the sluggish kinetics and inferior reversibility of anionic redox reactions of oxygen in ASSBs. In this contribution, boron ions (B3+) doping and 3D Li2B4O7 (LBO) ionic networks construction are synchronously introduced into LRMO materials (LBO‐LRMO) by mechanochemical and subsequent thermally driven diffusion method. Owing to the high binding energy of B─O and high‐efficiency ionic networks of nanoscale LBO complex in cathode materials, the as‐prepared LBO‐LRMO displays highly reversible and activated anionic redox reactions in ASSBs. The designed LBO‐LRMO interwoven structure enables robust phase and LBO‐LRMO|solid electrolyte interface stability during cycling (over 80% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1.0 C with a voltage range of 2.2–4.7 V vs Li/Li+). This contribution affords a fundamental understanding of the anionic redox reactions for LRMO in ASSBs and offers an effective strategy to realize highly activated and reversible oxygen redox reactions in LRMO‐based ASSBs.
A Universal Solid‐Phase Synthetic Strategy for Ultrafine Intermetallic Libraries Confined in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Wang Yanzhi , Yao Yinghong , Xu Cong , Tang Deqing , Li Yuting , Qiao Zhen‐An , Liang Hai‐Wei , Liu Ben 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrdered intermetallic nanocatalysts supported on high‐surface‐area skeletons are of great importance in catalysis and have disclosed notable catalytic activity and stability that are remarkably better than their random alloy counterparts. Ultrafine intermetallic nanocatalysts are synthetically challenging, especially for universal and scaled‐up synthesis, because of inevitable sintering and phase separation under high temperatures that promote atomic alloying and ordering. Herein, a universal solid‐phase and scaled‐up method is reported for synthesizing ultrafine intermetallic nanocatalysts with uniform size distributions and wide compositional spaces confined in ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) supports, where the strong physical confinement and chemical interaction between metals and sulfur/mesoporous templates remarkably suppress the high‐temperature sintering and phase separation even up to 1000 °C. Libraries of intermetallic nanocatalysts are successfully synthesized including 52 combinations of host platinum/palladium/rhodium with 15 guest elements confined in 4 OMC supports. Taking oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions as examples, the intermetallic PtFe nanocatalysts hold remarkable performance, whose activities reach up to ten times higher than commercial Pt/C and also are comparable to the best electrocatalysts reported recently. This feasible synthetic strategy offers an intermetallic library spanning from binary to senary materials for industrial synthesis and applications.
Triboelectric Mat Multimodal Sensing System (TMMSS) Enhanced by Infrared Image Perception for Sleep and Emotion‐Relevant Activity Monitoring
Authors: Xu Jinlong , Guo Xinge , Zhang Zixuan , Liu Huajun , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo implement digital‐twin smart home applications, the mat sensing system based on triboelectric sensors is commonly used for gait information collection from daily activities. Yet traditional mat sensing systems often miss upper body motions and fail to adequately project these into the virtual realm, limiting their specific application scenarios. Herein, triboelectric mat multimodal sensing system is designed, enhanced with a commercial infrared imaging sensor, to capture diverse sensory information for sleep and emotion‐relevant activity monitoring without compromising privacy. This system generates pixel‐based area ratio mappings across the entire mat array, solely based on the integral operation of triboelectric outputs. Additionally, it utilizes multimodal sensory intelligence and deep‐learning analytics to detect different sleeping postures and monitor comprehensive sleep behaviors and emotional states associated with daily activities. These behaviors are projected into the metaverse, enhancing virtual interactions. This multimodal sensing system, cost‐effective and non‐intrusive, serves as a functional interface for diverse digital‐twin smart home applications such as healthcare, sports monitoring, and security.