bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Chronic LH-Testosterone Axis Suppression in Male Macroprolactinomas With Normoprolactinemia on Cabergoline
Authors: Sehemby Manjeetkaur , Lila Anurag Ranjan , Sarathi Vijaya , Shah Ravikumar , Sankhe Shilpa , Jaiswal Sanjeet Kumar , Ramteke-Jadhav Swati , Patil Virendra , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Data are limited regarding prevalence, predictors, and mechanisms of persistent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in males with a macroprolactinoma who achieve normoprolactinemia on dopamine-agonist therapy. None of the previous studies provide cutoffs to predict the achievement of eugonadism.

Objective
The objective of this work is to evaluate the prevalence of persistent HH and its determinants in men with a macroprolactinoma who achieve normoprolactinemia on cabergoline monotherapy.

Design and Setting
This retrospective study with prospective cross-sectional evaluation took place at a tertiary health care center.

Patients
Study participants included men with a macroprolactinoma and baseline HH who achieved normoprolactinemia on cabergoline monotherapy.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcome measures of this study included the prevalence of persistent HH and its predictors.

Results
Thirty participants (age, 38.3 ± 10.1 years) with baseline tumor size of 4.08 ± 1.48 cm and median (interquartile range) prolactin of 2871 ng/mL (range, 1665-8425 ng/mL) were included. Eight of 30 participants achieved eugonadism after a median follow-up of 3 years. Patients with persistent HH had suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH)-testosterone axis with sparing of other anterior pituitary hormonal axes, including follicle-stimulating hormone-inhibin B. Baseline prolactin (1674 vs 4120 ng/mL; P = .008) and maximal tumor diameter (2.55 ± 0.36 vs 4.64 ± 1.32 cm; P = .003) were lower in patients who achieved eugonadism. Baseline maximal tumor diameter less than or equal to 3.2 cm (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 63.6%) and serum prolactin less than or equal to 2098 ng/mL (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 77.3%) best predicted reversal of HH.

Conclusion
Recovery of the LH-testosterone axis occurred in 26.7% of men with a macroprolactinoma who achieved normoprolactinemia on cabergoline monotherapy. Higher baseline tumor size and serum prolactin predict persistent HH. Our data favor chronic functional modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis over gonadotroph damage as the cause of persistent HH.
Association of the Obesity Paradox With Objective Physical Activity in Patients at High Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Li Xiaoyao , Chen Keping , Hua Wei , Su Yangang , Yang Jiefu , Liang Zhaoguang , Xu Wei , Xue Xiaodi , Zhang Shu , Zhao Shuang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the obesity paradox and its interrelationship with objective physical activity (PA) in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death.

Methods
A total of 782 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators in the Study of Home Monitoring System Safety and Efficacy in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Implantable Patients registry were retrospectively analyzed and grouped by body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI &lt; 25) and overweight or class I obesity (25 ≤ BMI &lt; 35). PA was measured with home monitoring and categorized into 4 groups (Q1-Q4) by the baseline quartiles. The main endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results
During a mean follow-up period of 59.9 ± 21.9 months, 182 all-cause mortality events occurred. Mortality tended to be lower in overweight and obesity patients (18.9% vs 25.1%, P = 0.061) and decreased by PA quartiles (44.1% vs 22.6% vs 15.3% vs 11.2%, Q1-Q4, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated BMI (hazard ratio, 0.918; 95% confidence interval, 0.866-0.974; P = 0.004) and PA (0.436, 0.301-0.631, Q2 vs Q1; 0.280, 0.181-0.431, Q3 vs Q1; 0.257, 0.158-0.419, Q4 vs Q1; P &lt; 0.001 for all) were associated with reduced risk. The obesity paradox was significant in the total cohort (log rank P = 0.049) and low PA group (log rank P = 0.010), but disappeared in the high PA group (log rank P = 0.692). Dose-response curves showed a significant reduction in risk with low-moderate PA, and the pattern varied between different BMI groups.

Conclusions
The obesity paradox only persisted in physically inactive patients. PA might be related to the development of the obesity paradox.
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Bray Mark , Namakkal Jessica , Riccò Giulia , Roubinek Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
By taking as a point of departure post-1945 self-proclaimed anti-fascist movements, whose claim to combat fascism has often been discarded as politically irrelevant or bombastic, this introduction invites readers to speculate on the rhetorical value implied in the word fascism. Although the term carries within it an almost abysmal capacity for political oversimplification, we argue that it also possesses an undeniable rhetorical value whose function as a catalyst for action against forms of political, economic, and social oppression deserves our attention. In the first part of this introduction we offer a brief but salient overview on the historiography dedicated to defining fascism and on current debates surrounding the recent rise of the radical right on the world stage. In the second part, we address the relatively smaller attention received by anti-fascism post-1945 and discuss possible reasons for why that has been the case. We conclude by showing how the articles collected in this issue invite us to rethink our definitions of fascism and anti-fascism so that we can better understand our current political time.
Synthesis of 1,8,13-Substituted Triptycenes
Authors: Iwata Takayuki , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Triptycene is an aromatic compound with D3h symmetry, where three benzene rings are fused to a bicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene skeleton. 1,8,13-Substituted triptycenes exhibit interesting structural features: the C-1,8,13 substituents and the bridgehead C-9 position are located in the same plane. Three faces of the molecule are open for interesting interactions and applications. This paper summarizes the syntheses of 1,8,13-substituted triptycenes.
O metamorfismo tecnológico em sala de aula: entrevista com o professor Alckmar Luiz dos Santos
Authors: Luiz dos Santos Alckmar , Ribeiro Nunes Gabriela , Santos Brigida Marcela 
Published: September 2020

Alckmar Luiz dos Santos possui graduação em Engenharia Eletrônica pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (1983), mestrado em Teoria e História Literária pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (1989) e doutorado em Estudos Literários pela Université Paris VII (1993). Desde 1994, é professor de Literatura Brasileira da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e, a partir de 1995, coordenador do Núcleo de Pesquisas em Informática, Literatura e Linguística (NUPILL, núcleo de pesquisa de excelência do CNPq, financiado pelo edital PRONEX entre 2008 e 2016). Foi pesquisador convidado na Université Paris 3 – Sorbonne Nouvelle (2000-2001) e na Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2009-2010). Tem experiência na área de Letras, com ênfase em Literatura Brasileira e Teoria Literária, atuando principalmente com teoria do texto, literatura e filosofia, hipertexto e texto digital, poesia. Em entrevista por videoconferência, Alckmar Luiz dos Santos discutiu o uso de ferramentas digitais nas aulas de Literatura.
Latin America’s Pivot toward Asia
Authors: Wise Carol 
Published: September 2020

This concluding chapter summarizes the book’s conceptual framework with regard to China’s economic integration with select LAC countries since 2000. The author disputes realist interpretations of China’s rise in Latin America as a security threat to US hegemony and argues that China needed to internationalize its development strategy to compensate for its natural resource deficit. China’s ten LAC strategic partners now represent the majority of trade, loans, and FDI outflows from China to Latin America, and China is now the second-most-important trade partner for the region after the US. This relationship is contributing to the development of select LAC countries in order to propel China’s own growth and development. The author then moves to the political economy scenarios that have evolved within those LAC countries that have the strongest trade links and FDI inflows from China, in order to dispute the critique of neo-dependency scholars before offering the main takeaways.
Full-field spectral-domain optical interferometry for snapshot three-dimensional microscopy
Authors: Iyer Rishyashring R. , Žurauskas Mantas , Cui Qi , Gao Liang , Theodore Smith R. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: September 2020

Prevalent techniques in label-free linear optical microscopy are either confined to imaging in two dimensions or rely on scanning, both of which restrict their applications in imaging subtle biological dynamics. In this paper, we present the theoretical basis along with demonstrations supporting that full-field spectral-domain interferometry can be used for imaging samples in 3D with no moving parts in a single shot. Consequently, we propose a novel optical imaging modality that combines low-coherence interferometry with hyperspectral imaging using a light-emitting diode and an image mapping spectrometer, called Snapshot optical coherence microscopy (OCM). Having first proved the feasibility of Snapshot OCM through theoretical modeling and a comprehensive simulation, we demonstrate an implementation of the technique using off-the-shelf components capable of capturing an entire volume in 5 ms. The performance of Snapshot OCM, when imaging optical targets, shows its capability to axially localize and section images over an axial range of ±10 µm, while maintaining a transverse resolution of 0.8 µm, an axial resolution of 1.4 µm, and a sensitivity of up to 80 dB. Additionally, its performance in imaging weakly scattering live cells shows its capability to not only localize the cells in a densely populated culture but also to generate detailed phase profiles of the structures at each depth for long durations. Consolidating the advantages of several widespread optical microscopy modalities, Snapshot OCM has the potential to be a versatile imaging technique for a broad range of applications.
Steady-state and time-resolved upconversion photoluminescence in Yb3+-Er3+ co-doped transparent ceramics of YAG
Authors: Tang Fei , Li Haoqi , Tian Kangzhen , Ning Jiqiang , Ye Honggang , Xu Shijie 
Published: September 2020

Transparent ceramics (TCs) represent a new family of functional hard materials. In this Letter, steady-state and time-resolved upconversion photoluminescence in

Y
b

3
+

-

E
r

3
+

co-doped TC of yttrium aluminum garnet (TC-YAG) are reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Under the excitation of near-infrared 940 nm laser at room temperature, the

Y
b

3
+

-

E
r

3
+

co-doped TC-YAG emits intense multi-color luminescence consisting of cyan, green, and red groups of sharp lines. More excitingly, the green group of luminescence due to the transitions from

4

S

3

/

2

to

4

I

15

/

2

states of

E
r

3
+

are the prominent components with the average lifetime of

∼

0.3

m
s

. The internal quantum efficiency of the green luminescence is estimated to be 32.8%. A unique dual-resonance energy transfer from

Y
b

3
+

to

E
r

3
+

via the excited-state vibronic transitions is proposed as the principal mechanism of the strongest green luminescence of

E
r

3
+

ions in TC-YAG.
Amtliches Schreiben an Polykrates (?) (P.UB Trier S 109-67)
Authors: Bounta Spyridoula 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article presents an unpublished Ptolemaic papyrus from the collection of the University of Trier. It contains an official letter probably to an oikonomos concerning a tax-collection, which requires further investigation.
The Dung Boats of Memphis (2nd–3rd Centuries CE)
Authors: Nantet Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The πλοῖον κοπρηγόν was a specific kind of boat that was dedicated to the conveyance of manure. It is evidenced in Memphis only by two Roman papyri. It seems that there were several kinds of such boats, operating on various scales and revealing various architectural features. The conveyance of dung may imply elites who were interested in a lucrative agriculture.
Automatic generation of checklists from business process model and notation (BPMN) models for surgical assist systems
Authors: Ryniak Claudia , Burgert Oliver 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Checklists are a valuable tool to ensure process quality and quality of care. To ensure proper integration in clinical processes, it would be desirable to generate checklists directly from formal process descriptions. Those checklists could also be used for user interaction in context-aware surgical assist systems. We built a tool to automatically convert Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) process models to checklists displayed as HTML websites. Gateways representing decisions are mapped to checklist items that trigger dynamic content loading based on the placed checkmark. The usability of the resulting system was positively evaluated regarding comprehensibility and end-user friendliness.
Deep learning for semantic segmentation of organs and tissues in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Scheikl Paul Maria , Laschewski Stefan , Kisilenko Anna , Davitashvili Tornike , Müller Benjamin , Capek Manuela , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Wagner Martin , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Semantic segmentation of organs and tissue types is an important sub-problem in image based scene understanding for laparoscopic surgery and is a prerequisite for context-aware assistance and cognitive robotics. Deep Learning (DL) approaches are prominently applied to segmentation and tracking of laparoscopic instruments. This work compares different combinations of neural networks, loss functions, and training strategies in their application to semantic segmentation of different organs and tissue types in human laparoscopic images in order to investigate their applicability as components in cognitive systems. TernausNet-11 trained on Soft-Jaccard loss with a pretrained, trainable encoder performs best in regard to segmentation quality (78.31% mean Intersection over Union [IoU]) and inference time (28.07 ms) on a single GTX 1070 GPU.
Force effects on anatomical structures in transoral surgery − videolaryngoscopic prototype vs. conventional direct microlaryngoscopy
Authors: Schild Leon R. , Lemke Dominik , Boehm Felix , Greve Jens , Dürselen Lutz , Scheithauer Marc O. , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Schuler Patrick J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Direct microlaryngoscopy is a frequently performed procedure in otorhinolaryngology, whereby considerable force is exerted on the patients’ teeth, as well as oropharyngeal and laryngeal structures. Especially in cases of a challenging exposure of the anterior commissure, the cervical spine needs to be brought into a hyperextended position, which is not possible in every patient. Therefore, the conflict between the straight rigid microlaryngoscope and the curvature of the oropharyngeal corridor frequently results in tissue trauma with the consequence of teeth fracture, hematoma or nerve injury. We have developed the s-MAC system, a hyper-angulated video laryngoscope with flexible instruments for transoral laryngeal surgery, which so far shows high feasibility in preclinical studies. Due to its curved shape it may exert less force on teeth and supraglottis as conventional direct microlaryngoscopy. We quantified the effects of these two surgical systems using flexible pressure sensors in two different scenarios: a mobile, hyperextended and an immobile cervical spine of the dummy, to simulate a challenging airway. We could demonstrate a 21% (40% with immobilized cervical spine) reduction of the average peak force acting on the maxillary incisors and a 55% (65% with immobilized cervical spine) reduction of the average intraoperative force on the supraglottis. The developed prototype applied therefore significantly less force on upper front teeth and supraglottis as compared to conventional direct microlaryngoscopy – especially in the case of an immobilized cervical spine.
The roles of biomolecules in corrosion induction and inhibition of corrosion: a possible insight
Authors: Karn Santosh Kumar , Bhambri Anne , Jenkinson Ian R. , Duan Jizhou , Kumar Awanish 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biofilms cause huge economic loss to the industry through corrosion. A deeper understanding of how biofilms form, develop and interact will help to decipher their roles in promoting and inhibiting corrosion, thus in controlling it. The present review explores most mechanisms of biofilm development and maintenance with particular emphasis on the roles of the biomolecules characteristic of biofilms, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs), proteins/enzymes, lipids, DNA and other metabolites in the corrosion process. These biomolecules play a significant role in the electron transfer process resulting in corrosion induction and inhibition. Microbial attachment, biofilm formation, the EPS matrix and both positive and negative effects by specific biofilm-forming genes all play roles in the electron transfer process. The current review describes these roles in detail. Although challenging to understand and control, the potential of biomolecules in the corrosion process is huge, and the coming decades will witness significant progress in the field. As well as discussing the technologies available for investigating corrosion induction and its inhibition, we also point to gaps in this knowledge.
Nursing students’ engagement and experiences with virtual reality in an undergraduate bioscience course
Authors: Thompson David Scott , Thompson Alison P. , McConnell Kristen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The challenges of bioscience courses such as anatomy and physiology in nursing education are well documented. Virtual reality has recently become accessible and may support student engagement. The purpose of this project was to describe students’ engagement and experiences with virtual reality in a first-year nursing course on anatomy, physiology, and health assessment.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional design and collected both quantitative and qualitative data. The Exploratory Learning Model guided our work.

Results
Students perceived their engagement to be higher in virtual reality compared to other teaching methods. Their experiences were positive with students reporting that they found it easy to use, it helped their learning, and they recommended more of it.

Conclusions
Virtual reality is an accessible tool for supporting student engagement. The Exploratory Learning Model is a useful conceptualization for integrating virtual reality into a course. Future research on the relationship between virtual reality and learning achievements is warranted.
Grüße aus der Klausurwerkstatt – Tipps zum juristischen Lernen und Klausurenschreiben
Authors: Bock Merle , Hülskötter Tim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dass es auch im Jurastudium »ohne Fleiß keinen Preis« gibt, ist jedem Studierenden schon nach den ersten Vorlesungswochen bewusst. Frust kommt allerdings allzu schnell auf, wenn es trotz Fleiß keinen Preis in Form von Noten über dem Durchschnitt oder gar bestandenen Klausuren gibt. Der Beitrag wendet sich an Studierende aller Semester und gibt ihnen Tipps an die Hand, wie sie sich zum einen das vielbeschworene »juristische Handwerkszeug« aneignen können, das es ihnen ermöglicht, sich selbst wenig und unbekannte Normkomplexe und Auslegungsprobleme zu erschließen. Zum anderen legt der Beitrag den Fokus darauf, wie dieses Handwerkszeug in der Klausur eingesetzt wird. Dabei werden die einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritte der Klausurlösung von der Sachverhaltsanalyse über das Erstellen der Lösungsskizze bis zum Ausformulieren des Gutachtens mit einer gelungenen Argumentation an den Schwerpunkten erläutert.
Pseudo-thrombocytopenia (PTCP). A challenge in the daily laboratory routine?
Authors: Schuff-Werner Peter , Mansour Joe , Gropp Angela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Anticoagulation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a necessary pre-requisite for automated blood cell counting. With a prevalence of 0.01–1%, EDTA anticoagulation is accompanied by time- and temperature-dependent in vitro aggregation of platelets, resulting in false low counts. To avoid wrong clinical conclusions, spontaneous anticoagulant-induced platelet agglutination should therefore be recognized during analysis. This might be a challenge for the routine laboratory.
The actual knowledge of this rare but clinically important laboratory artefact will be summarized and reviewed in the following, based on our own experiences and the available literature. This includes pathophysiological and epidemiological aspects, valuable information regarding the detection and prevention of a PTCP, and the possibilities for determination of the correct platelet count.
An extension of the method of brackets. Part 2
Authors: Gonzalez Ivan , Jiu Lin , Moll Victor H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The method of brackets, developed in the context of evaluation of integrals coming from Feynman diagrams, is a procedure to evaluate definite integrals over the half-line. This method consists of a small number of operational rules devoted to convert the integral into a bracket series. A second small set of rules evaluates this bracket series and produces the result as a regular series. The work presented here combines this method with the classical Mellin transform to extend the class of integrands where the method of brackets can be applied. A selected number of examples are used to illustrate this procedure.
A Puerto Rican chemist with coffee
Authors: De Jesús Luis R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is always a great honor to be able to celebrate with colleagues the anniversary of a prestigious magazine. As I write this invited article for the celebration of the 60th Anniversary of publication of the IUPAC Journal, Pure and Applied Chemistry, I ponder upon my upbringing as a Puerto Rican academic, scientist, and chemist. The roads through school, academia, and life are often turbulent and not straightforward. Herein, I share a short recollection of my story as a young chemist and the aspirations I look forward to.
Rethinking U.S. National Security after Covid19
Authors: Bilmes Linda J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The United States has traditionally defined national security in the context of military threats and addressed them through military spending. This article considers whether the United States will rethink this mindset following the disruption of the Covid19 pandemic, during which a non-military actor has inflicted widespread harm. The author argues that the US will not redefine national security explicitly due to the importance of the military in the US economy and the bipartisan trend toward growing the military budget since 2001. However, the pandemic has opened the floodgates with respect to federal spending. This shift will enable the next administration to allocate greater resources to non-military threats such as climate change and emerging diseases, even as it continues to increase defense spending to address traditionally defined military threats such as hypersonics and cyberterrorism.