bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden potential of fruit waste and its utilization
Authors: Soni Damini , Saxena Gargi 
Published: September 2020

The global increasing population demands for more food production and food processing which consequently results in more food waste generation. The total waste produced in different stages of processing of food generally comprises of peels, pomace, seed, pulp, unused flesh and damaged food which is biodegradable in nature. These by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, antioxidants and phytochemicals. They are the storehouse of complex carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nutraceuticals depending on the nature of product produced for example poultry and meat industries are rich the source of proteins and lipids, fruits and vegetable processing industries are rich in bioactive compounds and cereal industries are good source of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The food waste or by-products are important source of colorants, fiber, flavoring and antimicrobials which are used in food industry as a source of food additives. The phenolic compounds present in by products of different foods exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory activity and play a major role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, thrombosis, platelets aggregation and diabetes in humans. By products from different industries can be used to develop value added products in India where poverty and malnutrition are the major issues. Developing effective policies for the utilization of food waste along the value chain can help reduce food waste problem and contribute towards food security and sustainability.Keywords: By products, Bioactive compounds, Food industry, Food waste.
Comparative Study between Spinal Anesthesia and Lumbar Plexus Block for Intraoperative Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia in Fracture Femur Surgery
Authors: Naeem Mohamed G. , Mohammed Naglaa K. , Elrahman Reda S. Abd , Shalaby Osama M. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Fracture femur is common in elderly. Spinal anesthesia (SA) in elderly patients can be associated with major hemodynamic changes whereas lumbar plexus block (LPB) can provide ideal perioperative analgesia as there is no hemodynamic instability or depression of pulmonary functions. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of SA versus LPB for intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in fracture femur surgery.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out 70 patients of either sex with age >20 years, ASA physical status I - III scheduled for fracture femur surgery. Patients were randomly classified into two equal groups (n = 35); group I (SA) received SA by heavy bupivacaine HCL 0.5% 2.5-3.5 ml and group II (LBP) received posterior LPB by 30-35 ml bupivacaine 0.5%.
Results: The time for performing the block was significantly longer in group LPB than group SA. The onset of sensory and motor block was significantly increased in group LPB than group SA. The intraoperative HR was significantly increased, and intraoperative MAP was significantly decreased in group SA compared to group LPB at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. Postoperative HR and MAP was significantly increased in group SA compared to group LPB at 1 and 6 h. Postoperative VAS was significantly increased in group SA than group LPB at 1 and 6 h. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased in group LPB than group SA. The time of postoperative first analgesic requirement was significantly longer and the total pethidine consumption in the 1st 24 h was significantly lower in group LPB than group SA. SA was associated with significant increase in hypotension, nausea, vomiting and headache.
Conclusion: LPB is an effective alternative to SA as an anesthetic technique for femur fracture surgeries. LBP offers a more stable intraoperative hemodynamics and provides longer duration of analgesia postoperatively with less side effects. However, SA has shorter time for performing the block with earlier onset of sensory and motor block.
Metal‐Phenolic Networks Nanoplatform to Mimic Antioxidant Defense System for Broad‐Spectrum Radical Eliminating and Endotoxemia Treatment
Authors: Wei Zhiwei , Wang Liya , Tang Chengqiang , Chen Shengqiu , Wang Zhoujun , Wang Yilin , Bao Jianxu , Xie Yi , Zhao Weifeng , Su Baihai , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidative stress occurs when excess oxidative free radicals are produced in cells, which can overwhelm the normal antioxidant capacity and play an important role in many disease states. Thus, advanced functional materials which can mimic the intracellular antioxidant defense system have a huge potential to become candidates for curing oxidative stress triggered diseases. Herein, a high‐performance nanoplatform is developed with a green and mild strategy by combining mimic‐enzymatic antioxidant (Fe3O4) and nonenzymatic antioxidant (tannic acid (TA)) for constructing antioxidant defense system (Fe3O4 @ TAn nanoflowers (NFs)). Owing to the excellent peroxidase (POD)‐mimic and catalase (CAT)‐mimic capacities of Fe3O4 in various conditions, the antioxidant ability of TA and the flower‐like morphology, the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs can effectively scavenge multiple reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In vitro experiments verify that the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs demonstrate synergetic antioxidative properties, which can be used to protect blood and cellular components against oxidative damage. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs exhibit excellent therapeutic effects for systemic inflammation on endotoxemia mice and promote wound healing owing to the excellent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Thus, this antioxidant defense system expands the toolbox of antioxidative materials and shows potential applications in oxidative stress treatment.
Solid Phase Exfoliation for Producing Dispersible Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Liangzhu , Chen Cheng , Zhou Jiadong , Yang Guoliang , Wang Jiemin , Liu Dan , Chen Zhiqiang , Lei Weiwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets with unique electronic structure and vibrationally physical and chemical properties have triggered tremendous interest both in fundamental and applied research. In order to fully exploit the potential of these remarkable materials, general and efficient exfoliation methods for producing versatile kinds of TMDs are highly desired. Here, a universal solid phase exfoliation (SPE) strategy is developed with high productivity, feasibility, and repeatability for scalably preparing 18 kinds of MX2 (M = Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, X = Te, Se, S) nanosheets from corresponding cracked‐induced bulk crystals (C‐MX2). By directly using C‐MX2 as the starting raw materials prepared by molten‐salt cracking synthesis, it is more efficient and time‐saving to produce thin nanosheets due to the loose interaction between layers compared with densely layered MX2 (D‐MX2). Notably, the exfoliated TMD nanosheets can be easily processed as powders, water dispersions, and thin films, offering exciting opportunities for a wide range of applications from electronics to energy storage.
Advanced Post‐Potassium‐Ion Batteries as Emerging Potassium‐Based Alternatives for Energy Storage
Authors: Yao Qianqian , Zhu Changbao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium‐based batteries are considered attractive alternatives for lithium ion batteries, particularly for large‐scale energy storage, owing to their economic value and abundance. There have been significant achievements in the extensive investigations of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, post‐potassium‐ion batteries (post‐PIBs), including potassium–sulfur (K–S), potassium–selenium (K–Se), all‐solid‐state potassium‐ion batteries (ASSPIBs), and aqueous potassium‐ion batteries (APIBs) along with their respective advantages such as higher energy density, better safety, lower costs, and higher power density, are still in the initial stages of research and require further attention. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent progress, current challenges, and advancements in post‐PIBs such as K–S/Se batteries and ASSPIBs. Additionally, the challenges and solutions of using K metal in such systems are discussed. Thereafter, smart designs for electrodes and electrolytes, along with rational constructions for obtaining desirable APIBs are evaluated. Finally, the development trends, challenges, and prospects are estimated for advanced post‐PIBs. This review provides instructive guidelines for research and development of promising potassium‐based systems, in particular, further application of post‐PIBs.
Vitamin D intake is associated with dementia risk in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP)
Authors: Zhao Chen , Tsapanou Angeliki , Manly Jennifer , Schupf Nicole , Brickman Adam M. , Gu Yian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLow vitamin D intake and low vitamin D circulating levels have been associated with increased risk for dementia. We aimed to examine the association between vitamin D intake and dementia in a multiethnic cohort.MethodsA longitudinal study of 1759 non‐demented older (≥65 years) participants of the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project with follow‐up visits and completed a food frequency questionnaire. Dementia was diagnosed by consensus using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. Cox hazard regression was performed.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 5.8 years, 329 participants developed dementia. Participants with the highest tertile of vitamin D intake from food sources had decreased risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.97, P = .030) for dementia compared with those with the lowest tertile, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐ε4, physical activity, Mediterranean diet (MeDI) score, income, depression, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and smoking.DiscussionHigher vitamin D intake is associated with decreased risk of dementia in a multiethnic cohort.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Newborn Bloodspots: Associations With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Correlation With Maternal Serum Levels
Authors: Bostwick Anna , Snyder Nathaniel W. , Windham Gayle C. , Whitman Casey , Pearl Michelle , Robinson Lucy , Newschaffer Craig J. , Lyall Kristen 
Published: September 2020

We conducted a population‐based case–control study to examine newborn polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and assess PUFA correlation across two time points. ASD cases (n = 200) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and matched to live‐birth population controls (n = 200) on birth month, year (2010–2011), and sex. Nonesterified PUFAs were measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry from archived newborn dried blood spots and maternal mid‐pregnancy serum samples. Crude and adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neonatal PUFA levels, categorized in quartiles and according to distributional extremes, and ASD. Cubic splines were utilized to examine nonlinear relationships between continuous neonatal PUFAs and ASD. The correlation between neonatal and maternal levels was examined using Pearson correlation coefficients. In adjusted analyses of neonatal PUFA levels, no clear trends emerged, though there was an elevated odds ratio of ASD for the third quartile of linoleic acid, relative to the first (adjusted odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 4.70). Cubic spline analysis suggested a nonlinear association between linoleic acid and ASD, though this was not robust to sensitivity analyses. While individual PUFAs were significantly correlated with one another within a given time point, aside from docohexaseanoic acid, PUFAs were not correlated across maternal and neonatal samples. Overall, our findings do not support an association between neonatal PUFA levels and ASD. Future work should confirm and expand these findings by examining associations with phenotypic subgroups and considering PUFAs in other time points.Lay SummaryIn this study, we examined whether levels of fats known as polyunsaturated fatty acids, measured in newborns, were related to later child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overall, we did not find strong evidence for hypothesized reduction in risk of ASD based on newborn levels of these fats. Future studies in larger samples and considering other time points may be useful to explain whether these fats are important in brain development related to ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1601–1613. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interconnected Two‐dimensional Arrays of Niobium Nitride Nanocrystals as Stable Lithium Host
Authors: Xiao Xu , Yao Wei , Tang Jun , Liu Chuanfang , Lian Ruqian , Urbankowski Patrick , Anayee Mark , He Shijie , Li Jianmin , Wang Hao , Gao Yu , Wei Yingjin , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cycle life of rechargeable lithium (Li)‐metal batteries is mainly restrained by dendrites growth on the Li‐metal anode and fast depletion of the electrolyte. Here, we report on a stable Li‐metal anode enabled by interconnected two‐dimensional (2D) arrays of niobium nitride (NbN) nanocrystals as the Li host, which exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency (>99 %) after 500 cycles. Combining theoretical and experimental analysis, it is inferred that this performance is due to the intrinsic properties of interconnected 2D arrays of NbN nanocrystals, such as thermodynamic stability against Li‐metal, high Li affinity, fast Li+ migration, and Li+ transport through the porous 2D nanosheets. Coupled with a lithium nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide cathode, full Li‐metal batteries were built, which showed high cycling stability under practical conditions – high areal cathode loading ≥4 mAh cm−2, low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 3, and lean electrolyte weight to cathode capacity ratio of 3 g Ah−1. Our results indicate that transition metal nitrides with a rationally designed structure may alleviate the challenges of developing dendrite‐free Li‐metal anodes.
Tin‐Containing Graphite for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Palaniselvam Thangavelu , Babu Binson , Moon Hyein , Hasa Ivana , Santhosha Aggunda L. , Goktas Mustafa , Sun Ya‐Nan , Zhao Li , Han Bao‐Hang , Passerini Stefano , Balducci Andrea , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe limited Na‐storage capacity of graphite anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (∼110 mAh g−1) is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of nanosized Sn (17 wt%). The composite (SntGraphite), prepared by simple annealing of graphite with SnCl2, shows a specific capacity of 223 mAh g−1 (at 50 mA g−1) combined with excellent cycle life (i. e., 96 % of capacity retention after 2,200 cycles at 1 A g−1) and initial Coulomb efficiency (90 %). The combined storage of sodium in graphite (by solvent co‐intercalation) and Sn (by alloy formation) is followed by in situ X‐ray diffraction and in situ electrochemical dilatometry (ECD). While the additional tin almost doubles the electrode capacity, its contribution to the electrode expansion (∼3 %) is surprisingly small. The use of SntGraphite as anode for sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors with activated carbon as cathode provides a maximum energy and power density of ∼93 Wh kg−1 and 7.8 kW kg−1, with a capacity retention of ∼80 % after 8,000 cycles.
Blood flow in a stenotic artery with temperature‐dependent viscosity
Authors: Roy Nepal Chandra , Saha Litan Kumar , Hossain Md. Anwar , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the effects of temperature‐dependent viscosity variations on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in an artery in the presence of stenosis. The dimensionless governing equations have been solved using the implicit finite difference method. The local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number at the lower and upper walls are found to be stronger with the increase of stenosis. With the change of position of the upper stenosis, the skin friction and the Nusselt number at the lower plate demonstrate distinct characteristics. A remarkable result is that when the viscosity variation parameter is increased, the vortices following the stenosis become smaller in size. Moreover, the size of vortices increases with the increase of stenosis, whereas it is found to decrease owing to the change of position of the upper stenosis.
Curcumin alleviates acute kidney injury in a dry‐heat environment by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model
Authors: Zhao Yin‐Hui , Shen Cai‐Fu , Wang Guang‐Jun , Kang Yan , Song Yun‐Hong , Liu Jiang‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurcumin exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated the protective effects of curcumin in a renal injury rat model under dry‐heat conditions. We divided Sprague‐Dawley rats into four groups: dry‐heat 0‐ (normal temperature control group), 50‐, 100‐, and 150‐minute groups. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 10): normal saline (NS), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), and curcumin pretreated low, medium, and high‐dose (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively) groups. Compared to the normal temperature group, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary kidney injury molecule‐1, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated load changes in lipoprotein (NGAL) levels were significantly increased in the dry‐heat environment group (P < .05); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) and related inflammatory factor levels were increased in the kidney tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were decreased. However, following all curcumin pretreatment, the serum levels of kidney injury indicators and NGAL were decreased in the urine compared to those in the NS and CMCNa groups (P < .05), whereas renal SOD and CAT activities were increased and MDA was decreased (P < .05). Renal tissues of the 150‐minute group showed obvious pathological changes. Compared to the NS group, pathological changes in the renal tissues of the 100‐ and 200‐mg/kg curcumin groups were significantly reduced. Furthermore, iNOS and COX‐2 expression and inflammatory factor levels were decreased after curcumin treatment. Curcumin exerted renoprotective effects that were likely mediated by its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in a dry‐heat environment rat model.
Usability and safety of the new 5 French air‐charged catheter for performing urodynamic studies on pediatric patients
Authors: Kern Nora G. , Gray Mikel , Corbett Sean , Leroy Susan , Wildasin Amy , Al‐Omar Osama 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the performance and safety of the T‐DOC® 5 French air‐charged urodynamic catheters in pediatric patients and obtain feedback from providers related to usability performance.MethodsPatients ages 12 years and younger undergoing urodynamics were prospectively recruited from two institutions. The T‐DOC® 5 French air‐charged catheters were used. Issues with catheter placement, adverse events (AEs), and pain scores were assessed. A follow‐up telephone call was made to assess for post‐urodynamic AEs. Providers completed a clinical user questionnaire. Likert scale was used (1 = most negative and 5 = most positive response) and reported in mean (range).ResultsA total of 28 patients completed the study. The mean age was 55 months (5–130) (10 females, 18 males). One problem was noted with the insertion of an abdominal catheter, secondary to stool impaction. Catheters stayed in place on all subjects, except for one related to patient hyperactivity. There were no AEs during the studies. In total four reported post‐urodynamics AEs (one hematochezia, three dysuria). Among nine patients, pain level on the bladder and abdominal insertion was 3.6/10 (0–10) and 3.1/10 (0–10).Five providers completed the questionnaire. The overall ease of use was rated 4.3/5 (3–5). The ease of insertion was 4.1/5 (2–5) and set‐up/clean‐up time was 4.4/5 (3–5). Tracing stability, subtraction accuracy, and artifact sensitivity were all perceived favorably (respectively 4.8/5 [4–5], 4.6/5 [4–5], and 4.4/5 [4–5]).ConclusionsThe T‐DOC® 5 French air‐charged catheter was considered safe and effective in pediatric patients. No AEs occurred during the studies. Providers, using the catheters, reported favorably on catheter usage.
Antiresonance and Stabilization in Spatio‐Temporal Dynamics of a Periodically Driven Gray‐Scott Reaction‐Diffusion System
Authors: Pal Krishnendu , Ray Deb Shankar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the spatio‐temporal dynamics of a Gray‐Scott reaction diffusion system driven by a time periodic force. The drive excites the system through a direct transition and a parametric transition. The destructive interference of two simultaneous transitions gives rise to an antiresonance dip in the response function‐frequency spectrum. This is manifested in the stabilization of the dynamics in an intermediate frequency range centered at the dip, outside which one observes spatio‐temporal patterns due to instability. A theoretical scheme based on linear analysis followed by detailed numerical simulations of the reaction‐diffusion system has been carried out to explore this antiresonance‐induced dynamical stabilization. This is the first realization of anti‐resonance, an analog of Fano Resonance in auto ionization, in a reaction‐ diffusion system.
Co-Creation in Practice II: Co-creating a Digital Walking Guide (Bremen Hemelingen)
Authors: Jarke Juliane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter reports on a co-creation project that was conducted in the city district Bremen Hemelingen. A core group of seven local service providers steered the process in which 46 older residents participated. One of the tasks of social care service providers is to organise outdoor activities for older residents (also to facilitate social participation). To support their work, this co-creation project resulted in a digital walking guide that provides multi-media information on walks in different parts of the district. The walks were defined and organised by social care service providers as well as individual older residents. Older participants defined relevant information needs. A core group of five older residents defined design requirements and created content for the digital walking guide. The chapter describes different kinds of co-creation walking methods such as ideation walks, data walks and user test walks. It concludes with lessons learned.