bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing urban food system characteristics and actions in US and Indian cities from a multi‐environmental impact perspective: Toward a streamlined approach
Authors: Boyer Dana , Ramaswami Anu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFood action plans in many global cities articulate interest in multiple objectives including reducing in‐ and trans‐boundary environmental impacts (water, land, greenhouse gas (GHG)). However, there exist few standardized analytical tools to compare food system characteristics and actions across cities and countries to assess trade‐offs between multiple objectives (i.e., health, equity) with environmental outcomes. This paper demonstrates a streamlined model applied for analysis of four cities with varying characteristics across the United States and India, to quantify system‐wide water, energy/GHG, and land impacts associated with multiple food system actions to address health, equity, and environment. Baseline diet analysis finds key differences between countries in terms of meat consumption (Delhi 4; Pondicherry 16; United States 59, kg/capita/year), and environmental impact of processing of the average diet (21%, 19%, <1%, <1% of community‐wide GHG‐emissions for New York, Minneapolis, Delhi, and Pondicherry). Analysis of supply chains finds city average distance (food‐miles) varies (Delhi 420; Pondicherry 200; United States average 1,640 km/t‐food) and the sensitivity of GHG emissions of food demand to spatial variability of energy intensity of irrigation is greater in Indian than US cities. Analysis also finds greater pre‐consumer waste in India versus larger post‐consumer accumulations in the United States. Despite these differences in food system characteristics, food waste management and diet change consistently emerge as key strategies. Among diet scenarios, all vegetarian diets are not found equal in terms of environmental benefit, with the US Government's recommended vegetarian diet resulting in less benefit than other more focused targeted diet changes.
Motor and sensory Schwann cell phenotype commitment is diminished by extracorporeal shockwave treatment in vitro
Authors: Hercher David , Redl Heinz , Schuh Christina M.A.P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe gold standard for peripheral nerve regeneration uses a sensory autograft to bridge a motor/sensory defect site. For motor nerves to regenerate, Schwann cells (SC) myelinate the newly grown axon. Sensory SCs have a reduced ability to produce myelin, partially explaining low success rates of autografts. This issue is masked in pre‐clinical research by the excessive use of the rat sciatic nerve defect model, utilizing a mixed nerve with motor and sensory SCs. Aim of this study was to utilize extracorporeal shockwave treatment as a novel tool to influence SC phenotype. SCs were isolated from motor, sensory and mixed rat nerves and in vitro differences between them were assessed concerning initial cell number, proliferation rate, neurite outgrowth as well as ability to express myelin. We verified the inferior capacity of sensory SCs to promote neurite outgrowth and express myelin‐associated proteins. Motor Schwann cells demonstrated low proliferation rates, but strongly reacted to pro‐myelination stimuli. It is noteworthy for pre‐clinical research that sciatic SCs are a strongly mixed culture, not representing one or the other. Extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT), induced in motor SCs an increased proliferation profile, while sensory SCs gained the ability to promote neurite outgrowth and express myelin‐associated markers. We demonstrate a strong phenotype commitment of sciatic, motor, and sensory SCs in vitro, proposing the experimental use of SCs from pure cultures to better mimic clinical situations. Furthermore we provide arguments for using ESWT on autografts to improve the regenerative capacity of sensory SCs.
Corporate Control around the World
Authors: AMINADAV GUR , PAPAIOANNOU ELIAS 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe study corporate control tracing controlling shareholders for thousands of listed firms from 127 countries over 2004 to 2012. Government and family control is pervasive in civil‐law countries. Blocks are commonplace, but less so in common‐law countries. These patterns apply to large, medium, and small firms. In contrast, the development‐control nexus is heterogeneous; strong for large but absent for small firms. Control correlates strongly with shareholder protection, the stringency of employment contracts and unions power. Conversely, the correlations with creditor rights, legal formalism, and entry regulation appear weak. These patterns support both legal origin and political theories of financial development.
Actors and Actorhood in Institutional Theory
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConcepts of actors and actorhood, and different interpretations of these concepts, underlie many debates in institutional research. The three Point‐Counterpoint articles presented here seek to reflect on what actorhood means in institutional theory. They offer thought‐provoking perspectives on the relationship between human agency and the normative arrangements underpinning institutional behaviour.
Inhabited Actors: Internalizing Institutions through Communication and Actorhood Models
Authors: Bitektine Alex , Haack Patrick , Bothello Joel , Mair Johanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe argue that accounts of relationships among actors, actorhood and institutions are predominantly based on a spatial metaphor of actors operating within institutions. We outline how an inversion of this metaphor – i.e., the perspective that institutions inhabit actors – may prove generative for theory, particularly with respect to recent discussions about the microfoundations of institutions. We outline how communication and actorhood models function as transmission mechanisms of institutions from one actor to another. We conclude with a discussion of how the inverted metaphor of institutions inhabiting actors can be useful for future theoretical developments.
Quality of life and sexuality after bilateral sacrospinous fixation with vaginal hysterectomy for treatment of primary pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Yalcin Yakup , Demir Caltekin Melike , Eris Yalcin Serenat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the quality of life (QoL) and sexuality in women affected by pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and treated by bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) with vaginal hysterectomy.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study carried out at Isparta City Hospital from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 26 sexually active women with symptomatic uterine prolapse POP‐Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification) stage II or higher requiring surgery were included in the study. Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) was used preoperatively and at 6 months to examine the impacts of vaginal reconstruction on QoL. To assess sexual functioning, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐12) was used preoperatively and at 6 months.ResultsA significant improvement of POP‐Q landmarks was found between pre‐ and posttreatment at 6 months of follow‐up. The patients reported QoL improvement at the follow‐up for all the categories of physical functioning, bodily pain, physical health, general health, vitality, social activity, emotional state, and mental health with respect to the baseline values (P < .001). The results of PISQ‐12 demonstrated a significant improvement for all the three fields: behavioral emotive factor, physical factor, and partner‐related factor, and the total score at 6 months after surgery (P < .001).ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrates that bilateral SSLF is able to significantly improve both QoL and sexual function in patients with POP. Improvement in sexuality and QoL after surgery may be explained by correction of avoidance of sexual intercourse due to prolapse and physical recovery.
A Design Thinking Model Based on Quantitative Electroencephalography in Social Emotional Learning for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Chatthong Winai , Khemthong Supalak , Wongsawat Yodchanan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTo design a social and emotional learning (SEL) skills training program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Quantitative electroencephalography was analyzed, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses in the brain mapping performance (BMP) of children. A total of 305 participants with and without ADHD were recruited. Theta relative power was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Twelve brain locations were further predicted using a design thinking model to develop a reasonable prototype via crossover methods. Both strengths and weaknesses were found at the T5 and F7 brain regions in the ADHD group. The Fz region was a well‐defined predictor in both groups. The co‐predictors of both groups were F3 and F4. No comparison was suggested to enhance positive performance in either group of children. The SEL program could be designed based on a good‐fit model of the BMP of these subcomponents of primary brain functions.
Computer vision‐based recognition of 3D relationship between construction entities for monitoring struck‐by accidents
Authors: Yan Xuzhong , Zhang Hong , Li Heng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStruck‐by accidents often cause serious injuries in construction. Monitoring of the struck‐by hazards in terms of spatial relationship between a worker and a heavy vehicle is crucial to prevent such accidents. The computer vision‐based technique has been put forward for monitoring the struck‐by hazards but there exists shortages such as spatial relationship distortion due to two‐dimensional (2D) image pixels‐based estimation and self‐occlusion of heavy vehicles. This study is aimed to address these problems, including the detection of workers and heavy vehicles, three‐dimensional (3D) bounding box reconstruction for the detected objects, depth and range estimation in the monocular 2D vision, and 3D spatial relationship recognition. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed method. The proposed method is expected to estimate 3D spatial relationship between construction worker and heavy vehicle in a real‐time and view‐invariant manner, thus enhancing struck‐by hazards monitoring at the construction site.
Seasonal acoustic occurrence, diel‐vocalizing patterns and bioduck call‐type composition of Antarctic minke whales off the west coast of South Africa and the Maud Rise, Antarctica
Authors: Shabangu Fannie W. , Findlay Ken , Stafford Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeasonal occurrence, diel‐vocalizing patterns, and call‐types of Antarctic minke whales are described using bio‐acoustic recordings from the west coast of South Africa and the Maud Rise, Antarctica. In Antarctica, minke whale bioduck calls were detected in seven of nine months of hydrophone deployment (peaking in May and September) while downsweeps were only detected in June. Bioduck calls were sporadically detected in South African waters with peak calling in September/October, and no bioducks were detected from March through August. Bioduck call occurrence was high during daytime in Antarctica but there was no diel‐vocalizing pattern in South African waters. We split bioduck B call‐type into two subtypes: B1 with 13 ± 1 pulses (Dominello & Širović, 2016) and B2 with 9 ± 1 pulses (this study). Bioduck B2 was detected both in Antarctic and South African waters, with harmonics up to 2 kHz. Similar bioduck call‐types were detected in Antarctic and South African waters, with bioduck A2 being the most common. Month of the year was the most important predictor of bioduck occurrence both in Antarctic and South African waters. This is the first study to describe the seasonal occurrence, diel‐vocalizing behavior and call‐types of Antarctic minke whales off the South African west coast and eastern Weddell Sea.
Medicago truncatula Phytoglobin 1.1 controls symbiotic nodulation and nitrogen fixation via the regulation of nitric oxide concentration
Authors: Berger Antoine , Guinand Sophie , Boscari Alexandre , Puppo Alain , Brouquisse Renaud 
Published: January 2020

Summary

In legumes, phytoglobins (Phytogbs) are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) during early phase of the nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis and to buffer oxygen in functioning nodules. However, their expression profile and respective role in NO control at each stage of the symbiosis remain little‐known.

We first surveyed the Phytogb genes occurring in Medicago truncatula genome. We analyzed their expression pattern and NO production from inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti up to 8 wk post‐inoculation. Finally, using overexpression and silencing strategy, we addressed the role of the Phytogb1.1‐NO couple in the symbiosis.

Three peaks of Phytogb expression and NO production were detected during the symbiotic process. NO upregulates Phytogbs1 expression and downregulates Lbs and Phytogbs3 ones. Phytogb1.1 silencing and overexpression experiments reveal that Phytogb1.1‐NO couple controls the progression of the symbiosis: high NO concentration promotes defense responses and nodular organogenesis, whereas low NO promotes the infection process and nodular development. Both NO excess and deficiency provoke a 30% inhibition of nodule establishment. In mature nodules, Phytogb1.1 regulates NO to limit its toxic effects while allowing the functioning of Phytogb‐NO respiration to maintain the energetic state.

This work highlights the regulatory role played by Phytogb1.1–NO couple in the successive stages of symbiosis.
Access to public transport and childhood obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Fei , Jin Lingling , Qin Zhenzhen , Chen Xiang , Xu Zhen , He Jing , Wang Zhiyong , Ji Wen , Ren Fu , Du Qingyun , Xiong Yaqing , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe lack of access to public transport is generally considered to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging active transport and thus physical activity. To explore the association between access to public transport and childhood obesity, we have conducted a systematic literature search in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for studies published before January 1, 2019. A total of 25 cross‐sectional and two longitudinal studies conducted in 10 countries were identified. Inconsistent findings were identified arising from a great variety of sample characteristics, definitions of exposure (ie, access to public transport), and outcome variables (eg, obesity), and analysis methods. While over half of the studies showed null associations between access to public transport and childhood obesity, we have observed more positive than negative associations among the rest of the studies. These observations suggest that an increased level of access to public transport may have a health‐promoting effect and hence prevent the development of childhood obesity. However, this conclusion needs to be further corroborated in future research on the basis of large‐sample health surveys, in situ observations, and comparative analyses among different study areas.
Transactivation of Sus1 and Sus2 by Opaque2 is an essential supplement to sucrose synthase‐mediated endosperm filling in maize
Authors: Deng Yiting , Wang Jiechen , Zhang Zhiyong , Wu Yongrui 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe endosperm‐specific transcription factor Opaque2 (O2) acts as a central regulator for endosperm filling, but its functions have not been fully defined. Regular o2 mutants exhibit a non‐vitreous phenotype, so we used its vitreous variety Quality Protein Maize to create EMS‐mutagenesis mutants for screening o2 enhancers (oen). A mutant (oen1) restored non‐vitreousness and produced a large cavity in the seed due to severely depleted endosperm filling. When oen1 was introgressed into inbred W64A with a normal O2 gene, the seeds appeared vitreous but had a shrunken crown. oen1 was determined to encode Shrunken1 (Sh1), a sucrose synthase (SUS, EC 2.4.1.13). Maize contains three SUS‐encoding genes (Sh1, Sus1, and Sus2) with Sh1 contributing predominantly to the endosperm. We determined SUS activity and found a major and minor reduction in oen1 and o2, respectively. In o2;oen1-1, SUS activity was further decreased. We found all Sus gene promoters contain at least one O2 binding element that can be specifically recognized and be transactivated by O2. Sus1 and Sus2 promoters had a much stronger O2 transactivation than Sh1, consistent with their transcript reduction in o2 endosperm. Although sus1 and sus2 alone or in combination had no perceptible phenotype, either of them could dramatically enhance seed opacity and cavity in sh1, indicating that transactivation of Sus1 and Sus2 by O2 supplements SUS‐mediated endosperm filling in maize. Our findings demonstrate that O2 transcriptionally regulates the metabolic source entry for protein and starch synthesis during endosperm filling.
Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP): Study design and cohort update
Authors: Kantorczyk Elisa , Domanski Grzegorz , Lange Anja Erika , Ittermann Till , Allenberg Heike , Zygmunt Marek , Heckmann Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe health status of newborns is a major concern for parents and medical personnel. Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that factors from the foetal and perinatal periods of life influence health later in life. The “Follow‐up of the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania” (SNiP‐I‐Follow‐up) is the first follow‐up of the population‐based birth cohort study, SNiP‐I, established in north‐east Germany.ObjectivesThe primary aim of SNiP‐I‐Follow‐up study was the collection of longitudinal data on children and adolescents. The associations will be analysed between risk factors in pregnancy and the perinatal period and health status in infancy and later childhood.PopulationThe population‐based cohort study SNiP‐I was conducted in Pomerania in north‐east Germany between February 2002 and November 2008. All mothers from the SNiP‐I birth cohort were recontacted when their children were from 9 to 15 years of age.DesignThe SNiP‐I‐Follow‐up study was carried out between December 2016 and August 2017 and is a questionnaire‐based survey.MethodsPhysical development, health status, and social behaviour (school and leisure behaviour) of children were analysed using a questionnaire comprising medical, epidemiological, and socio‐economic data, associated health care risk factors, and life circumstances of newborns, children, and their parents.Preliminary resultsOut of 5725 children invited to participate in the SNiP‐I‐Follow‐up study between December 2016 and August 2017, 29% (n = 1665) children participated in the SNiP‐I‐Follow‐up study, providing data on 1665 mothers‐child dyads. Responders had higher socio‐economic status, especially in relation to maternal education status.ConclusionAs a longitudinal birth cohort from rural Germany, the SNiP cohort will be a resource to address urgent research needs and contribute to overall population health.
Empires built on sand: On the fundamental implausibility of reactor safety assessments and the implications for nuclear regulation
Authors: Downer John , Ramana M. V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the nature of expert knowledge‐claims made about catastrophic reactor accidents and the processes through which they are produced. Using the contested approval of the AP1000 reactor by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) as a case study and drawing on insights from the Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature, it finds that the epistemological foundations of safety assessments are counterintuitively distinct from most engineering endeavors. As a result, it argues, those assessments (and thus their authority) are widely misconstrued by publics and policymakers. This misconstrual, it concludes, has far‐reaching implications for nuclear policy, and it outlines how scholars, policymakers, and others might build on a revised understanding of expert reactor assessments to differently frame, and address, a range of questions pertaining to the risks and governance of atomic energy.
Lesional skin in vitiligo exhibits delayed in vivo reepithelialization compared to the nonlesional skin
Authors: Gupta Aayush , Chauhan Aparna , Priya Anshu , Mantri Bhanu , Wadhokar Meenakshi , Dalave Kalyan , Shah Bhavika , Gokhale Rajesh S. , Batra Vineeta V. , Singh Archana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVitiligo, a common skin disorder, is characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes resulting in the depigmentation of skin. Previous studies have demonstrated molecular and architectural alterations in the epidermal keratinocytes upon loss of melanocytes. The physiological implications of these “altered” keratinocytes are yet not known. We investigated the wound healing efficiency of lesional vs nonlesional skin in 12 subjects with stable nonsegmental vitiligo using histological and ultrastructural evaluation of partial‐thickness wounds. The wounds were examined 12 days postinjury, coinciding with the reepithelialization phase of healing marked primarily by keratinocyte migration and proliferation. This study demonstrated a significant difference in the reepithelialization potential between the lesional and nonlesional skin. While all 12 nonlesional wounds demonstrated considerable neoepidermis formation on the 12th day post wound, only four of the corresponding lesional samples showed comparable reepithelialization; the rest remaining in the inflammatory phase. Ultrastructural studies using transmission electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemical staining revealed a reduced number of desmosomes, shorter keratin tonofilaments and an increase in myofibroblast population in the dermis of lesional reepithelialized tissue compared to the nonlesional reepithelialized samples. This study implicates gross functional perturbations in the lesional skin during physiological wound healing in vitiligo, suggesting that the breakdown of keratinocyte‐melanocyte network results in delayed wound repair kinetics in the lesional skin when compared to patient‐matched nonlesional skin.
Maximum cut problem: new models
Authors: Kutucu Hakan , Sharifov Firdovsi 
Published: January 2020

In the paper, we present the maximum cut problem as maximization of a non-smooth convex function over polytope which is the convex hull of bases of the polymatroid associated with a submodular function defined on the subsets of node set of a given graph. We also formulate other new models for this problem and give necessary and enough conditions on an optimal solution in terms of network flow.