bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct expression and prognostic value of members of SMAD family in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Zhenguo , Yang Yuting , Qing Cheng , Hu Zhiguo , Huang Yiming , Zhou Chaoqi , Li Dan , Jiang Yanxia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Though multidisciplinary therapies have been widely used for NSCLC, its overall prognosis remains very poor, presumably owing to lack of effective prognostic biomarkers. SMAD, a well-known transcription factor, plays an essential role in carcinogenesis. Aberrant expression of SMAD have been found in various cancers, and may be regarded as prognostic indicator for some malignancies. However, the expression and prognostic role of SMAD family member, especially at the mRNA level, remain elusive in NSCLC. In the present study, we report the distinct expression and prognostic value of individual SMAD in patients with NSCLC by analyzing several online databases including ONCOMINE, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Human Protein Atlas database, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal, and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The mRNA levels of SMAD6/7/9 in NSCLC were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC, and aberrant SMAD2/3/4/5/6/7/9 mRNA levels were all correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC. Collectively, SMAD2/3/4/5/6/7/9 may server as prognostic biomarkers and potential targets for NSCLC, and thus facilitate the customized treatment strategies for NSCLC patients.
Microarray profiling of circular RNAs in steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yao Tao , Yin Zong-Sheng , Huang Wei , Ding Zhen-Fei , Cheng Chao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to identify the differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) using bioinformatics analysis.
circRNA microarray was performed with 3 SONFH tissues and the adjacent normal tissues, and differentially expressed circRNA were identified by limma package in R. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery database. In addition, a differentially expressed genes (DEG)-associated circRNA/microRNA (miRNA) interaction was predicted by combination of TargetScan and miRanda, and the circRNA/miRNA interaction network generated by the cytoscape software.
A total of 647 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 433 upregulated and 214 downregulated circRNA were identified. The most enriched GO terms for upregulated and downregulated circRNA were extracellular matrix organization and leukocyte activation in biological process; extracellular matrix and spindle pole in cellular component; integrin binding and ATP binding in molecular function, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the upregulated and downregulated circRNA were strongly associated with Protein digestion and absorption and Cell cycle. Moreover, a total of 212 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), including 113 upregulated and 99 downregulated genes were identified. In addition, from the analysis of miRNA, long noncoding RNAs, mRNA, and circRNA networks, we found that hsa_circ_0008136 and hsa_circ_0074758 were respectively the upregulated and downregulated circRNA with highest degrees.
The identified circRNA and mRNA could be implicated in the progression of human SONFH. The findings could lead to a better understanding of SONFH pathogenesis.
Molecular sensitization patterns in birch pollen-sensitized Korean children according to the presence of oral allergy syndrome
Authors: Baek Hey-Sung , Jeong Jae-Won , Lee Ha-Baik , Kwon Jae-Woo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The profiles of sensitization based on component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) differ from region to region in populations sensitized to birch pollen. We investigated the endotypes of birch pollen-sensitized Korean children with allergic diseases using CRD and distinguished the endotypes of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) among them.
Thirty-one birch pollen-sensitized children with allergic diseases were enrolled. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to birch pollen and fruit including apple, peach, and kiwi were evaluated via skin prick tests and ImmunoCAP in all subjects. Sensitization profiles based on CRD were evaluated with the Immuno-solid-phase Allergen Chip for birch pollen-sensitization using birch pollen components (Bet v 1, Bet v 2, and Bet v 4), and for OAS using the allergen families pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins (PR-10), lipid transfer proteins, and profilin.
All patients (n = 13) with OAS were sensitive to Bet v 1. However, 61% (11/18) of patients without OAS were sensitized to Bet v 1. The level of specific IgE to Bet v 1 was higher in patients with OAS than in those without OAS. All birch pollen-sensitized Korean children with OAS were sensitized to PR-10, and 69% (9/13) of them were mono-sensitized to PR-10. Among patients without OAS, 33% (6/18) were not sensitized to any of the allergen families.
Birch pollen-sensitized Korean children with allergic diseases showed unique patterns of sensitization to Bet v 1, Bet v 2, and Bet v 4, and the sensitization profiles based on CRD were totally different according to the presence of OAS.
Repair versus nonrepair of medial meniscus posterior root tear
Authors: Lee Jin Kyu , Jung Min , Yang Jae Hyuk , Song Si Young , Shin Young-Soo , Cha Myoungsoo , Jung Dawoon , Seo Young-Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
The general consensus regarding a rational choice among various treatment strategies for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) has yet to be clearly established. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze patient selection criteria based on index arthrosis, as well as clinical and radiological outcomes after repair or nonrepair treatment in patients with MMPRTs.

Methods:
A systematic electronic search was performed with established medical databases. Data from the selected studies which were assessed using the modified Coleman methodology score were analyzed in terms of index arthrosis and degree of lower limb alignment, functional and radiologic outcomes after meniscus repair, partial meniscectomy, and conservative treatment.

Results:
In total, 17 studies and 655 patients (665 cases) were enrolled in this study, of which 42% (279 cases) underwent MMPRT repair and 58% (386 cases) were treated using a nonrepair strategy. The mean age and the mean follow-up period were 54.7 years and 32.5 months in the repair group, respectively, and 57.0 years and 49.3 months in the nonrepair group, respectively. Based on the clinical data available in this study, most of the MMPRT repairs were performed in patients with mild arthrosis, mild varus alignment, and mild chondral injury. Although data were limited, the percentage of patients with mild chondral injury was only 40% in the nonrepair group, implying that the nonrepair group may have more advanced arthrosis at the baseline. Based on the available Lysholm score across the studies, good functional outcomes were obtained in the repair group, whereas the results of the nonrepair treatment exhibited fair functional outcomes that were somewhat heterogenous. The radiologic outcomes of the mean 5 years’ follow-up study showed that arthritic change could not be prevented by either nonrepair or repair treatment.

Conclusions:
In general, MMPRT repair led to significant improvement in clinical outcomes. On the contrary, the nonrepair group also showed symptomatic relief in some selected cases, despite the somewhat heterogenous results. Given the subgroup analysis for the functional results reported in this review, strict patient selection is important to obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes, regardless of the treatment option selected.
Otosyphilis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ramchandani Meena S. , Litvack Jamie R. , Marra Christina M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe number of cases of syphilis has increased in the United States and in many high-income nations. Otosyphilis is a less recognized complication of syphilis that can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain hearing loss in otosyphilis. We review the literature on otosyphilis in adults and propose the need for future work in this field to identify better ways to diagnose, treat, and manage this disease. Patients with syphilis should be screened routinely for hearing loss, and all patients with new, sudden, or fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss should be evaluated for syphilis.
Changing Epidemiology of Gonorrhea in Adelaide, South Australia
Authors: Ellis Sally L. , Tsourtos George , Waddell Russell , Woodman Richard , Miller Emma R. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Gonorrhea is a significant public health concern. The changing epidemiology of gonorrhea in Australia has highlighted the need for detailed examination of surveillance data to determine population groups at greatest risk for infection.

Methods
We analyzed deidentified gonorrhea notification data for the years 2012 to 2017, in Adelaide (N = 3680), calculating age-adjusted notification and antibiotic resistance rates. Age, gender, year, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status were assessed for associations with gonorrhea notifications using negative binomial, log binomial and spatial autoregressive models. Maps were generated to examine spatial localization of gonorrhea rates in Adelaide.

Results
Gonorrhea notification rates in Adelaide increased annually, with a 153% adjusted increase in rates from 2012 to 2017, localized to specific areas and inversely associated with income levels. The increase in rates in 2016 and 2017 was associated with young heterosexuals from low income areas. Azithromycin-resistant notifications increased significantly in 2016 in young heterosexuals. Reinfections were significantly more likely in men who have sex with men than other population groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the changing epidemiology of gonorrhea in Adelaide from a largely men who have sex with men profile toward an increase in young heterosexual gonorrhea. This could be seen as a harbinger for future increases in heterosexually transmitted HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in Australia.
Dexamethasone Versus Prednisone or Prednisolone for Acute Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cai Kai-Jin , Su Shi-Qing , Wang Yao-Guo , Zeng Yi-Ming 
Published: March 2020

Objective
This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of dexamethasone (DEX) as an alternative to prednisone/prednisolone (PRED) for the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations in emergency department (ED).

Methods
Fixed-effects meta-analyses of selected endpoints were performed by using data taken from relevant studies identified by following a priori eligibility criteria after a comprehensive literature search in several electronic databases.

Results
Data from 10 studies (3208 pediatric asthma patients [1616 DEX treated and 1592 PRED treated], 4.77 years [95% confidence interval, 3.80–5.56 years], 63% [57.76%–62.68%] males) were used. Risk of vomiting drug was significantly lower in DEX group than in PRED group (risk ratio, 0.29 [0.18–0.48]; P ˂ 0.00001). Emergency department stay between DEX and PRED treated patients was statistically different (0.16 [0.03–0.40] hours; P = 0.02) but may not be clinically meaningful. The number of β-agonist therapies received by DEX- and PRED-treated patients was similar. Treatments with both DEX and PRED were associated with improvement in asthma status assessment scores, and there was no significant difference between the groups. There were also no differences between the groups in hospitalization rate, ED revisit rate, and hospital admission rate after relapse.

Conclusions
Dexamethasone is a suitable alternative to PRED for the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbation in ED.
Discriminative Accuracy of Procalcitonin and Traditional Biomarkers in Pediatric Acute Musculoskeletal Infection
Authors: McMichael Brianna S. , Nickel Amanda J. , Christensen Eric W. , Frenn Kristin A. , Truong Walter H. , Laine Jennifer C. , Kharbanda Anupam B. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Septic arthritis (SA) is responsible for 20% of pediatric musculoskeletal infections (MSKI) and can have significant consequences. Early detection of SA is critical, and procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a promising biomarker. This study assessed the test performance of PCT and traditional biomarkers for suspected SA.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study at two pediatric emergency departments (ED). Data collected measured serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, and PCT. Box and whisker plots were generated to compare the of the biomarkers by positive MSKI or a non-MSKI diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and optimal cut -points were identified using the Liu method.

Results
Procalcitonin performed reasonably well for detection of MSKI (AUC, 0.72; confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59–0.84). However, CRP and ESR performed better (AUC, 0.88 and 0.78, respectively). White blood cell count was not predictive of MSKI. Patients with a PCT value >0.1 ng/mL, ESR values >19.5 mm/h, and a temperature higher than 99.0°F were more than twice as likely to have acute MSKI. A high CRP level was most predictive of acute MSKI, and patients with levels >2.38 mg/dL were 3.5 times more likely to have acute MSKI.

Conclusions
Procalcitonin is a potential biomarker for the clinical differential of MSKI in the pediatric ED. Additional research is warranted to establish the optimal diagnostic level for PCT, to increase sample size, and to examine any impact on cost.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Triage Scores Among Pediatric Emergency Department Fever Patients
Authors: Dennis Jeff A. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Emergency department (ED) triage scores are assigned to patients in a short period based on assessment of need for lifesaving measures, risk and pain levels, resource needs, and vital signs. Racial/ethnic disparities have been found across a number of outcomes but are not consistent across all studies. This study examines pediatric ED cases reporting fever, a commonly reported triage symptom, to explore racial/ethnic and age disparities in triage score assignment.

Methods
This study uses the 2009–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual national sample of ED visits in the United States. Pediatric cases where fever is the sole reported reason for visit are analyzed for racial/ethnic disparities, controlling for sex, age, insurance status, body temperature, region, and hospital type.

Results
Among all pediatric fever cases, temperature is the sole significant predictor of triage scores. However, non-Hispanic (NH) black pediatric patients older than 1 year have approximately 22% greater risk of being given a less urgent triage score relative to NH white patients.

Conclusions
Findings suggest racial disparities in the triage of NH black pediatric patients older than 1 year for fever. Although fever is a single and often non–life-threatening condition, especially after infancy, findings of racial disparities in triage scores suggests a need for further evaluation of the assignment of patient urgency in emergency medicine.
Bilateral Breast Uptake of 99mTc-Pertechnetate in a Neonate With Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Rakshpaul Sonal , Malhotra Gaurav , Rao Sudha C. , Narwade Raj , Utture Alpana , Asopa Ramesh V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 4-day-old female neonate with raised cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (127 μIU/mL) underwent 99mTc thyroid scan to rule out thyroid dysgenesis. The images revealed midline focus of lingual thyroid as the only functioning thyroid tissue. In addition, bilateral focal and symmetrical breast uptake was seen without clinically palpable breast nodule on either side. Transplacental transfer of maternal hormones leading to stimulation of neonatal breasts explains this unusual scan finding. One should be aware of this rare pattern of focal breast uptake in 99mTc-pertechnetate scan in neonates with congenital hypothyroidism to avoid scan misinterpretation.
Liver Steatosis Secondary to PRRT With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: de Lima Beatriz Matheos , de Carvalho Juliana Ribeiro , Gaspar Priscilla Romano , Pujatti Priscilla Brunelli , Gonçalves Rinaldo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) with 177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumor has some well-known adverse effects, concerning specially the bone marrow and kidneys. Hepatotoxicity has been rarely reported, and there are no data regarding hepatic steatosis secondary to PRRT. We reviewed upper abdomen CT and MRI and applied radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis on 62 patients treated between the years of 2010 and 2017. Two patients already showed radiologic signs of steatosis in the middle of the treatment and through follow-up all patients showed improvement of the steatosis.
Isolated Pancreatic Metastasis From Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Mimicking Primary Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhou Wei , Dong Hui , Dong Aisheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Isolated pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer is rare. We present a case of isolated pancreatic metastasis from squamous cell lung cancer. The pancreatic tumor showed hypovascularity on enhanced MRI and intense FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT mimicking primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This case indicates pancreatic metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of extrapancreatic cancer and hypermetabolic pancreatic lesion.
Incidental Breast Carcinoma Detected With 13N-NH3 Cardiac PET Imaging
Authors: Bernsen Marie Louise E. , van der Zant Friso M. , Wondergem Maurits , Broos Wouter A. M. , Knol Remco J. J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 78-year-old woman with chest pain and a history of pacemaker implantation for arrhythmia underwent myocardial perfusion imaging by means of 13N-NH3 cardiac PET/CT. 13N-NH3 cardiac PET showed no signs of ischemia or infarction. Incidentally, a nodule with increased 13N-NH3 activity was observed in the right breast. Histopathologic examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma.
Forequarter Amputation and Reconstructive Options
Authors: Tukiainen Erkki , Barner-Rasmussen Ian , Popov Pentscho , Kaarela Outi 
Published: March 2020

Objective
This study aimed to present the results of a series of forequarter amputations (FQAs) and to evaluate the reconstructive methods used.

Summary Background Data
Although FQA has become a rare procedure in the era of limb-sparing treatment of extremity malignancies, it is a useful option when resection of a shoulder girdle or proximal upper extremity tumor cannot be performed so as to retain a functional limb.

Methods
Thirty-four patients were treated with FQA in 1989 to 2017. Various reconstructive techniques were used, including free fillet flaps from the amputated extremity.

Results
All patients presented with intractable symptoms such as severe pain, motor or sensory deficit, or limb edema. Seventeen patients were treated with palliative intent. Chest wall resection was performed in 9 patients. Free flap reconstruction was necessary for 15 patients, with 11 free flaps harvested from the amputated extremity. There was no operative mortality, and no free flaps were lost. In curatively treated patients, estimated 5-year disease-specific survival was 60%. Median survival in the palliatively treated group was 13 months (1–35 months).

Conclusions
Limb-sparing treatment is preferable for most shoulder girdle and proximal upper extremity tumors. Sometimes, FQA is the only option enabling curative treatment. In palliative indications, considerable disease-free intervals and relief from disabling symptoms can be achieved. The extensive tissue defects caused by extended FQA can be safely and reliably reconstructed by means of free flaps, preferably harvested from the amputated extremity.
Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wong Lesley 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Prepectoral breast reconstruction has rapidly gained attention as a new technique for implant-based breast reconstruction. It is essentially a modernization of an old technique made possible by the use of marketable products, primarily dermal matrices and cohesive silicone gel implants. The rapid dissemination of its benefits, not only to physicians, but also to the general public and referring physicians, leading to widespread adoption, is in part due to a combination of marketing and social media/Internet influences. This review will summarize the recent peer-reviewed literature to provide facts for the reconstructive surgeon to decide whether this technique is a fad or a useful option in implant-based breast reconstruction.
Abdominoplasty With Scarpa Fascia Preservation
Authors: Pisco Andreia , Rebelo Marco , Peres Helena , Costa-Ferreira António 
Published: March 2020

Background
Abdominoplasty is becoming increasingly more common, with seroma being the most frequent complication. Suction drains are used very often as a method to prevent seroma formation, and it has been suggested that techniques using Scarpa fascia preservation and closed-suction drains have lower seroma rates than other approaches. However few studies have addressed parameters that may affect drain efficiency. A prospective comparative study was conducted to determine if applying 2 or 3 closed-suction drains, after an abdominoplasty with Scarpa fascia preservation, has any effect on several outcomes.

Methods
This was a single-center study conducted from September 2016 to March 2019. Patients were allocated according to choice to 1 of the 2 surgeons involved in the study, each responsible for 1 group: abdominoplasty with Scarpa fascia preservation with 2 closed-suction drains placed postoperatively (group A) or with 3 closed-suction drains (group B). A comparative analysis of selected variables was done between both groups, including time to drain removal, total and daily drain output, duration of hospital stay, emergency department visit, readmission to the hospital, secondary surgical procedure, and incidence of postoperative local and systemic complications.

Results
A total of 73 abdominoplasties with Scarpa fascia preservation were performed in women (group A, 33 patients; group B, 40 patients). General characteristics of group A and B were similar. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any of the determined variables, namely, main outcomes (total and daily drain output, time to drain removal) or complications (local or systemic).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that using 3 closed-suction drains postabdominoplasty with Scarpa fascia preservation has no advantages in total and daily drain output, time to drain removal, or complications when compared with the usual 2 drains approach.