bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Punicalagin Prevents Hepatic Steatosis through Improving Lipid Homeostasis and Inflammation in Liver and Adipose Tissue and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Western Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Zhan Qiuyao , Miao Xin , Xia Xiaodong , Yang Gaoji , Peng Xiaoli , Yan Chunhong 
Published: December 2020

ScopePunicalagin (PU)‐rich pomegranate peel extract has been shown before to exert protective effects against high fat‐induced hepatic damage. The aim of this study is to explore whether and how PU antagonizes hepatic steatosis in Western diet‐fed (WD) mice.Methods and ResultsMice are fed either chow diet, WD (containing 42% fat, 15% protein, and 43% carbohydrates), or WD supplemented with PU (50 mg kg−1body weight/day) for 13 weeks. Weight gain, hepatic fat content, and inflammation in the liver and adipose tissues are measured. Compared to the WD group, PU‐treated mice have lower fat content, decreased levels of alanine transaminase, and inflammation in liver. PU also changed the transcriptional expression of important genes in fatty acid oxidation pathway and alleviated glucose intolerance. Furthermore, PU improved adiponectin signaling and lipid metabolism in visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, PU improved gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by WD and enhanced gut barrier function.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that PU improves hepatic steatosis induced by WD, in part through regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue and restoring microbiota shift and impaired gut barrier function. Thus, PU can be potentially developed as a potential prevention strategy in combating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Nutrition Management of the High‐Output Fistulae
Authors: Couper Caroline , Doriot Allison , Siddiqui Mohamed Tausif R. , Steiger Ezra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnterocutaneous fistulae (ECFs) are commonly encountered complications in medical and surgical practice. High‐output fistulae are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life, and a substantial healthcare burden. An interdisciplinary team approach is crucial to prevent and mitigate the adverse clinical consequences of high‐output ECFs including sepsis, metabolic derangements, and malnutrition. Patients with ECFs are at a significantly higher risk of developing malnutrition and close monitoring by nutrition support professionals and/or a nutrition support team is an essential component of their medical management. High‐output ECFs often require the initiation of nutrition support through either enteral or parenteral routes. Historically, parenteral nutrition (PN) has been the primary method of nutrition support in these patients. However, oral and enteral nutrition (EN) should remain viable options if an evaluation of the location of the ECF, amount of remaining functional bowel, and volume of ECF output identifies favorable conditions. Additionally, in contrast to PN, oral nutrition and EN are the preferred method of feeding because of the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. The inclusion of pharmacological interventions can greatly assist with the reduction and stabilization of ECF output and thereby permit sustained enteral feeding. Initiation of supplemental or full PN will be required if oral nutrition and EN lead to metabolic derangements, fail to meet energy requirements, or do not maintain or improve the patient's nutrition status. The main focus of this review is to discuss the nutrition management of patients with high‐output ECFs.
Enhanced mandrel design for electrospinning aligned fiber mats from low volatility solvents
Authors: Bhattacharya Somdatta , Woodcock Corey , Linhardt Robert J. , Plawsky Joel L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA cylindrical mandrel with axially aligned rods was designed and tested for the collection of electrospun fibers. Blended polyaniline/polyethylene oxide fibers were electrospun from a solution containing a nonvolatile solvent, m‐cresol. Camphorsulfonic acid served as the primary dopant and m‐cresol were used as the secondary dopant to enhance fiber conductivity. A smooth, rotating cylindrical mandrel collector failed to collect and align fibers and instead afforded a wet, sticky film. An eight‐rod, rotating cylindrical mandrel resulted in a dry, aligned fiber mat composed of 7–10 μm diameter fibers. Alignment was maintained for at least 18 h of continuous spinning and the resulting mat could be easily recovered from the mandrel. A simulation of the rotating system indicated that the efficient formation of dry, nonsticky, aligned fiber mat was facilitated by the high mass transfer coefficient associated with the use of corrugated rods. Experiments indicated that 6–10 rods were optimal avoiding sagging of the fibers at the low end and increased mas transfer resistance at the high end.
The Feasibility of Prehabilitation as Part of the Breast Cancer Treatment Pathway
Authors: Wu Fiona , Laza‐Cagigas Roberto , Pagarkar Aalia , Olaoke Adeola , El Gammal Mohsen , Rampal Tarannum 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is compelling support for implementing prehabilitation to optimize perioperative risk factors and to improve postoperative outcomes. However, there is limited evidence studying the application of multimodal prehabilitation for patients with breast cancer.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of multimodal prehabilitation as part of the breast cancer treatment pathway.DesignThis was a prospective, cohort observational study. Breast cancer patients undergoing surgery were recruited. They were assigned to an intervention or control group according to patient preference.SettingUK prehabilitation center.ParticipantsA total of 75 patients were referred during the study period. Forty eight patients (64%) did not participate; 20 of those opted to be in the control group. Twenty four patients engaged with prehabilitation and returned completed questionnaires. In total, 44 patients were included in the analysis.InterventionsThe program consisted of supervised exercise, nutritional advice, smoking cessation, and psychosocial support.Outcome MeasuresFeasibility was determined by the center's ability to deliver the program. This was measured by the number of patients who wanted to access the service, compared with those able to. Service uptake, patient satisfaction, and project costs were recorded. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and the use of healthcare resources were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 61 patients (81%) wanted to participate; 24 (32%) were able to partake and return questionnaires. Reasons for nonparticipation included surgery within weeks, full‐time commitments, and transportation difficulties. A total of 25 (93%) prehabilitation patients recorded high satisfaction with the program. There was a significant reduction in anxiety among prehabilitation patients. There were no significant improvements in the other PROs. There were no changes to hospital length of stay, readmissions, and complications.ConclusionsMultimodal prehabilitation is a feasible intervention. Logistical challenges need to be addressed to improve engagement. These results are limited and would require a larger sample to confirm the findings. Work on a thorough cost‐benefit analysis is also required.
Staying in the city or moving to the suburbs? Unravelling the moving behaviour of young families in the four big cities in the Netherlands
Authors: Booi Hester , Boterman Willem R. , Musterd Sako 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn many postindustrial cities in the Global North, increasing families seem to choose to stay in the city rather than move to the suburbs. This might imply that residential preferences of young families shift from suburban to more urban. In this paper, the moving behaviour of young families in the four largest cities in the Netherlands is analysed. The moving behaviour is measured with register data and analysed with the Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition technique and with logistic regression techniques. The results show that young families broken down by residential biography and income have very different moving behaviours in their choice for staying in the city or moving to the region around the city. The changes in the outmigration of young families from the city to the region are not necessarily related to changing residential preferences, but more related to changes in the composition within the group of young families. The growth of higher‐income families in cities seem to be primarily explained by the changing composition of city dwellers before family formation and not so much by a more urban orientation in their moving behaviour. Changes in moving patterns through time and the differences between the four cities seem to be related to the differences in the urban economy and housing supply. Especially in Amsterdam, the lack of larger family home drives young families to the suburbs. When cities and suburban regions want to be attractive for young families, the size of the available dwellings is the most important aspect.
Changes of body composition and circulating neopterin, omentin‐1, and chemerin in response to thylakoid‐rich spinach extract with a hypocaloric diet in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi Fatemeh , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Vaezi Maryam , Hemmati Salar 
Published: December 2020

This trial evaluated the effects of thylakoid‐rich spinach extract supplementation combined with a hypocaloric diet on body composition and serum levels of neopterin, chemerin, and omentin‐1 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this randomized controlled trial, 48 obese women with PCOS, aged 20–45 years old, were recruited and randomly divided into thylakoid (n = 24) and placebo (n = 24) groups. They received a low‐calorie diet with 5 g/day thylakoid‐rich spinach extract or a low‐calorie diet with 5 g/day placebo for 12 weeks. The mean age of the participants of the thylakoid group was 31.86 years, and the placebo group was 32.04 years. Thylakoid‐rich spinach extract supplementation with a low‐calorie diet increased serum levels of omentin‐1 (10.90 vs. 3.87 ng/L; p < .001) and decreased fat mass (−5.19 vs. −1.35 kg; p < .001) and serum levels of neopterin (−0.66 vs. −0.38 nmol/L; p = .003) and chemerin (−41.24 vs. −11.26 ng/L; p < .001) in the thylakoid group compared to the placebo group. A significant improvement in omentin‐1, chemerin, and neopterin by thylakoid‐rich spinach extract supplementation was under the influence of weight change and insulin resistance status throughout the study. A significant decrease in the other anthropometric indices and insulin resistance was also observed in the thylakoid group, compared to the placebo group (p < .001, for all parameters). Thylakoid‐rich spinach extract combined with a low‐calorie diet increased circulating omentin‐1 and decreased fat mass, abdominal obesity, as well as circulating chemerin, neopterin, and insulin in obese women with PCOS.
Ultra‐compact accurate wave functions for He‐like and Li‐like iso‐electronic sequences and variational calculus: I. Ground state
Authors: Turbiner Alexander V. , Lopez Vieyra Juan Carlos , del Valle Juan Carlos , Nader Daniel Julia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral ultra‐compact accurate wave functions in the form of generalized Hylleraas‐Kinoshita functions and Guevara‐Harris‐Turbiner functions, which describe the domain of applicability of the Quantum Mechanics of Coulomb Charges (QMCC), for the ground state energies (4‐5 significant digits [s.d.]) of He‐like and Li‐like iso‐electronic sequences in the static approximation with point‐like, infinitely heavy nuclei are constructed. It is shown that for both sequences the obtained parameters can be fitted in Z by simple smooth functions: in general, these parameters differ from the ones emerging in variational calculations. For the He‐like two‐electron sequence the approximate expression for the ground state function, which provides absolute accuracy for the energy ∼10−3 a.u. and the same relative accuracies ∼10−2 to 10−3 for both the cusp parameters and the six expectation values, is found. For the Li‐like three‐electron sequence the most accurate ultra‐compact function taken as the variational trial function provides absolute accuracy for energy ∼10−3 a.u., 2 to 3 s.d. for the electron‐nuclear cusp parameter for Z ≤ 20 and 3 s.d. for the two expectation values for Z = 3.
Adaptive asymptotic tracking control of constrained multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems via event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Lei Ting , Meng Wenchao , Zhao Kai , Chen Long 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is nontrivial to achieve adaptive asymptotic tracking control of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems subject to asymmetric yet time‐varying output constraint and nonparametric uncertainties. The problem will become even challenging when the event‐triggered mechanism via controller‐to‐actuator channel is considered as it may impose additional design difficulty caused by the high‐order gain matrix. In this article, we present a new event‐based control solution by using the following steps. First, by constructing a new output‐dependent mapping function, not only the limit on constraining boundaries is not required but also the cases with and without constraint can be handled directly and uniformly without changing the control structure; Second, due to the introduction of event‐triggered rule, it is difficult (even impossible) to guarantee the positive definite property of the “virtual” high‐order gain matrix; Hence by imposing a reasonable condition on the original high‐order gain matrix, such difficulty in the event‐triggered control design is solved and the widely used assumption in most existing results of MIMO systems is removed; Furthermore, unlike the corresponding uniformly bounded tracking results, by employing an integrable function coping with nonparametric uncertainties, asymptotic tracking can be achieved. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical result.
Computation of robust control invariant sets with predefined complexity for uncertain systems
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Köroğlu Hakan , Falcone Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm that computes polytopic robust control‐invariant (RCI) sets for rationally parameter‐dependent systems with additive disturbances. By means of novel linear matrix inequalities (LMI) feasibility conditions for invariance along with a newly developed method for volume maximization, an iterative algorithm is proposed for the computation of RCI sets with maximized volumes. The obtained RCI sets are symmetric around the origin by construction and have a user‐defined level of complexity. Unlike many similar approaches, the proposed algorithm directly computes the RCI sets without requiring control inputs to be in a specific feedback form. In fact, a specific control input is obtained from the LMI problem for each extreme point of the RCI set. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm can be used to construct a piecewise‐affine controller based on offline computations.
Wildlife trail or systematic? Camera trap placement has little effect on estimates of mammal diversity in a tropical forest in Gabon
Authors: Fonteyn Davy , Vermeulen Cédric , Deflandre Nicolas , Cornelis Daniel , Lhoest Simon , Houngbégnon Fructueux G. A. , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCamera traps (CTs) have been increasingly used for wildlife monitoring worldwide. In the tropics, most CT inventories target wildlife‐friendly sites, and CTs are commonly placed towards wildlife trails. However, it has been argued that this placement strategy potentially provides biased results in comparison to more systematic or randomized approaches. Here, we investigated the impact of CT placement on the remotely sensed mammal diversity in a tropical forest in Gabon by comparing pairs of systematically placed and wildlife‐trail‐oriented CTs. Our survey protocol consisted of 15–17 sampling points arranged on a 2 km2 grid and left for one month in the field. This protocol was replicated sequentially in four areas. Each sampling point comprised a CT pair: the ‘systematic CT’, installed at the theoretical point and systematically oriented towards the most uncluttered view; and the ‘trail CT’, placed within a 20‐m radius and facing a wildlife trail. For the vast majority of species, the detection probabilities were comparable between placements. Species average capture rates were slightly higher for trail‐based CTs, though this trend was not significant for any species. Therefore, the species richness and composition of the overall community, such as the spatial distribution patterns (from evenly spread to site‐restricted) of individual species, were similarly depicted by both placements. Opting for a systematic orientation ensures that pathways used preferentially by some species—and avoided by others—will be sampled proportionally to their density in the forest undergrowth. However, trail‐based placement is routinely used, already producing standardised data within large‐scale monitoring programmes. Here, both placements provided a comparable picture of the mammal community, though it might not be necessarily true in depauperate areas. Both types of CT data can nevertheless be combined in multi‐site analyses, since methods now allow accounting for differences in study design and detection bias in original CT data.
Reflections on the 1962 Paper “The Statistician in Medicine” by Sir Austin Bradford Hill
Authors: Lin Xihong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article provides reflections on the 1962 paper by Sir Austin Bradford Hill, entitled “The Statistician in Medicine.” It discusses several key takeaways of this paper, including causal inference for big data, reproducibility and replicability in science, and integration of statistics and data science with domain science.
Microstructural Shift due to Post‐Deformation Annealing in the Upper Mantle
Authors: Boneh Yuval , Chin Emily J. , Chilson‐Parks Benjamin H. , Saal Alberto E. , Hauri Erik H. , Carter Hearn B. , Hirth Greg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSyntectonic microstructural evolution is a well‐known phenomenon in the mantle and lower crust associated with two main processes: grain size reduction through dynamic recrystallization and development of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). However, the effects of annealing via static recrystallization on grain size and CPO have been largely overlooked. We investigated mantle annealing by analyzing a suite of kimberlite‐hosted garnet peridotite xenoliths from the Wyoming Craton. We focus on five xenoliths that show microstructures reflecting different degrees of recrystallization, with annealed grains characterized by distinctive faceted boundaries crosscutting surrounding, nonfaceted matrix grains. These textures are indicative of discontinuous static recrystallization (DiSRX). Electron backscatter diffraction analysis further demonstrates a ∼10°–20° misorientation between DiSRXed grains and the matrix grains, resulting in an overall weaker CPO. These characteristics are remarkably similar to microstructures observed in samples that were annealed after deformation in the laboratory. Measurements of the thermal conditions and water contents associated with the last equilibration of the xenoliths suggests that high homologous temperatures (T/Tm > 0.9) are necessary to induce DiSRX. We postulate that annealing through DiSRX occurs under high temperatures after a short episode of intense deformation (years to hundreds of years) with timescales for annealing estimated as weeks to years, significantly slower than the timescale of hours expected for a kimberlitic magma ascent. We conclude that microstructural transformation due to DiSRX will occur during transient heating events associated with mantle upwelling, plumes, and lithospheric thinning.
Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica in Rural Areas of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence in 2018
Authors: Mao Yuqing , Zeineldin Mohamed , Usmani Moiz , Uprety Sital , Shisler Joanna L. , Jutla Antarpreet , Unnikrishnan Avinash , Nguyen Thanh H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, water samples were analyzed from a rural area of North Carolina after Hurricane Florence in 2018 and the distribution of the ttrC virulence gene of Salmonella enterica were investigated. We also examined the distribution of culturable S. enterica and determined their antibiotic resistance profiles. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the classes of aminoglycoside, beta‐lactam, and macrolide‐lincosamide‐streptogramin B (MLSB) were targeted in this study. The ttrC gene was detected in 23 out of 25 locations. There was a wider and higher range of the ttrC gene in flooded water versus unflooded water samples (0–2.12 × 105 copies/L vs. 0–4.86 × 104 copies/L). Culturable S. enterica was isolated from 10 of 25 sampling locations, which was less prevalent than the distribution of the ttrC gene. The antibiotic resistance profiles were not distinct among the S. enterica isolates. The aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')‐Iy had the highest relative abundance (around 0.05 copies/16S rRNA gene copy in all isolates) among all ARGs. These findings suggested that the 2018 flooding event led to higher copy numbers of the ttrC genes of S. enterica in some flooded water bodies compared to those in unflooded water bodies. The high ARG level and similar ARG profiles were observed in all S. enterica isolates from both flooded and unflooded samples, suggesting that the antibiotic resistance was prevalent in S. enterica within this region, regardless of flooding.
Extreme Positive Ionosphere Storm Triggered by a Minor Magnetic Storm in Deep Solar Minimum Revealed by FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 and GNSS Observations
Authors: Rajesh P. K. , Lin C. H. , Lin C. Y. , Chen C. H. , Liu J. Y. , Matsuo T. , Chen S. P. , Yeh W. H. , Huang C. Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines an unexpected and extreme positive ionospheric response to a minor magnetic storm on August 5, 2019 by using global ionosphere specification (GIS) 3D electron density profiles obtained by assimilating radio occultation total electron content (TEC) measurements of the recently launched FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 satellites, and ground‐based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) TEC. The results reveal ∼300% enhancement of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests, appearing over 200–300 km altitudes, and a much intense localized density enhancement over the European sector. These are the most intense ionospheric response that has ever been detected for a small magnetic storm with Dst ∼ −53 nT (SYM‐H ∼ −64 nT). The enhancements are validated by using global ionosphere map (GIM) TEC and ground‐based GNSS TEC. The GIS vertical electron density structures during the storm are examined to understand the physical processes giving rise to such an intense ionosphere response during deep solar minimum conditions when the background electron density is very low. Altitude variations and poleward shifts of the locations of the EIA crests indicate that prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF) play an important role in producing the observed positive storm responses, with the storm‐induced equatorward circulation supporting the plasma accumulation against recombination losses. Additional physical mechanisms are required to fully explain the unexpected electron density enhancements for this minor storm event.