bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical considerations for using K3 cameras in CDS mode for high-resolution and high-throughput single particle cryo-EM
Authors: Sun Ming , Azumaya Caleigh , Tse Eric , Frost Adam , Southworth Daniel , Verba Kliment A. , Cheng Yifan , Agard David A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetector technology plays a pivotal role in high-resolution and high-throughput cryo-EM structure determination. Compared with the first-generation, single-electron counting direct detection camera (Gatan K2), the latest K3 camera is faster, larger, and now offers a correlated-double sampling mode (CDS). Importantly this results in a higher DQE and improved throughput compared to its predecessor. In this study, we focused on optimizing camera data collection parameters for daily use within a cryo-EM facility and explored the balance between throughput and resolution. In total, eight data sets of murine heavy-chain apoferritin were collected at different dose rates and magnifications, using 9-hole image shift data collection strategies. The performance of the camera was characterized by the quality of the resultant 3D reconstructions. Our results demonstrated that the Gatan K3 operating in CDS mode outperformed nonCDS mode in terms of reconstruction resolution in all tested conditions with 8 electrons per pixel per second being the optimal dose rate. At low magnification (64kx) we were able to achieve reconstruction resolutions of 149% of the physical Nyquist limit (1.8 Å with a 1.346 Å physical pixel). Low magnification allows more particles to be collected per image, aiding analysis of heterogeneous samples requiring large data sets. At moderate magnification (105kx, 0.834Å physical pixel size) we achieved a resolution of 1.65 Å within 9 hours of data collection, a condition optimal for achieving high-resolution on well behaved samples. Our results also show that for an optimal sample like apoferritin, one can achieve better than 2.5 Å resolution with 5 minutes of data collection. Together, our studies validate the most efficient ways of imaging protein complexes using the K3 direct detector and will greatly benefit the cryo-EM community.
Determining the stages of cellular differentiation using Deep Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ralbovsky Nicole M. , Dey Paromita , Dey Bijan K. , Lednev Igor K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellular differentiation is a fundamental process in which one cell type changes into one or more specialized cell types. Cellular differentiation starts at the beginning of embryonic development when a simple zygote begins to transform into a complex multicellular organism composed of various cell and tissue types. This process continues into adulthood when adult stem cells differentiate into more specialized cells for normal growth, regeneration, repair, and cellular turnover. Any abnormalities associated with this fundamental process of cellular differentiation is linked to life threatening conditions including degenerative diseases and cancers. Detection of undifferentiated and different stages of differentiated cells can be used for disease diagnosis but is often challenging due to the laborious procedures, expensive tools, and specialized technical skills which are required. Here, a novel approach, called deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy, is used to study various stages of cellular differentiation using a well-known myoblast cell line as a model system. These cells proliferate in the growth medium and spontaneously differentiate in differentiation medium into myocytes and later into myotubes and myofibers. The cellular and molecular characteristics of these cells mimic very well actual muscle tissuein vivo. We have found that undifferentiated myoblast cells and myoblast cells differentiated at three different stages are able to be easily separated using deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometric techniques. Our study has a great potential to study cellular differentiation during normal development as well as to detect abnormal cellular differentiation in human pathological conditions in future studies.
Decreased homotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yao Shuxia , Zhou Menghan , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Feng , Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Zhongbo , Jiang Xi , Xu Xiaolei , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile a number of functional and structural changes occur in large-scale brain networks in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reduced interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between homotopic regions may be of particular importance as a biomarker. ASD is an early-onset developmental disorder and neural alterations are often age-dependent, reflecting dysregulated developmental trajectories, although no studies have investigated whether homotopic interhemispheric rsFC alterations occur in ASD children. The present study conducted a voxel-based homotopic interhemispheric rsFC analysis in 146 SD and 175 typically developing children under age 10 and examined associations with symptom severity in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange datasets. Given the role of corpus callosum (CC) in interhemispheric connectivity and reported CC volume changes in ASD we additionally examined whether there were parallel volumetric changes in ASD children. Results demonstrated decreased homotopic rsFC in ASD children in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of the salience network, the precentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule of the mirror neuron system, the lingual, fusiform and inferior occipital gyri of the visual processing network and thalamus. Symptom severity was associated with homotopic rsFC in regions in the DMN and visual processing network. There were no significant CC volume changes in ASD children. The present study shows that reduced homotopic interhemispheric rsFC in brain networks in ASD adults/adolescents is already present in children of 5-10 years old and further supports their potential use as a general ASD biomarker.
Rapid recycling of glutamate transporters on the astroglial surface
Authors: Michaluk Piotr , Heller Janosch , Rusakov Dmitri A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTGlutamate uptake by high-affinity astroglial transporters confines excitatory transmission to the synaptic cleft. The efficiency of this mechanism depends on the transporter dynamics in the astrocyte membrane, which remains poorly understood. Here, we visualise the main glial glutamate transporter GLT1 by generating its functional pH-sensitive fluorescent analogue, GLT1-SEP. Combining FRAP-based methods with molecular dissection shows that 70-75% of GLT1-SEP are expressed on the astroglial surface, recycling with a lifetime of only ~22 s. Genetic deletion of the C-terminus accelerates GLT1-SEP membrane turnover by ~60% while disrupting its molecule-resolution surface pattern as revealed by dSTORM. Excitatory activity boosts surface mobility of GLT1-SEP, involving its C-terminus, metabotropic glutamate receptor activation, intracellular Ca2+signalling and calcineurin-phosphatase activity, but not the broad-range kinase activity. The results suggest that membrane turnover, rather than than lateral diffusion, is the main ‘redeployment’ route for the immobile fraction (20-30%) of surface-expressed GLT1. This reveals a novel mechanism by which the brain controls extrasynaptic glutamate escape, in health and disease.
Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, Mycoplasmaspp., and intestinal lesions in experimentally infected zebrafishDanio rerio
Authors: Kent Michael L. , Wall Elena S. , Sichel Sophie , Watral Virginia , Stagaman Keaton , Sharpton Thomas J. , Guillemin Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntestinal neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions are common in zebrafish research facilities. Previous studies have demonstrated that the neoplasms are caused by a transmissible agent, and two candidate agents have been implicated: aMycoplasmasp. related toM. penetransand the intestinal parasitic nematode,Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and both agents are common in zebrafish facilities. To elucidate the role of these two agents in the occurrence and severity of the neoplasm and other intestinal lesions, we conducted two experimental inoculation studies. Exposed fish were examined at various time points over an 8 mo. period for intestinal histpathologic changes and the burden ofMycoplasmaand nematodes. Fish exposed to aMycoplasmaisolate from zebrafish were associated with preneoplastic lesions. Fish exposed to the nematode alone or with theMycoplasmaisolate developed severe lesions and neoplasms. Both inflammation and neoplasm scores were associated with an increase inMycoplasmaburden. These results support the conclusions thatP. tomentosais a strong promoter of intestinal neoplasms in zebrafish, and thatMycoplasmaalone can also cause intestinal lesions and accelerate cancer development in the context of nematode infection.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and exosome profiling from a year-long human spaceflight reveals circulating biomarkers
Authors: Bezdan Daniela , Grigorev Kirill , Meydan Cem , Pelissier Vatter Fanny A. , Cioffi Michele , Rao Varsha , Nakahira Kiichi , Burnham Philip , Afshinnekoo Ebrahim , Westover Craig , Butler Daniel , Moszary Chris , MacKay Matthew , Foox Jonathan , Mishra Tejaswini , Lucotti Serena , Rana Brinda K. , Melnick Ari M. , Zhang Haiying , Matei Irina , Kelsen David , Yu Kenneth , Lyden David C , Taylor Lynn , Bailey Susan M , P.Snyder Michael , Garrett-Bakelman Francine E. , Ossowski Stephan , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe health impact of prolonged space flight on the human body is not well understood. Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or exosome analysis provide a noninvasive approach to monitor the dynamics of genomic, epigenomic and proteomic biomarkers, and the occurrence of DNA damage, physiological stress, and immune responses. To study the molecular consequences of spaceflight we profiled cfDNA isolated from plasma of an astronaut (TW) during a year-long mission on the International Space Station (ISS), sampling before, during, and after spaceflight, and compared the results to cfDNA profiling of the subject’s identical twin (HR) who remained on Earth, as well as healthy donors. We characterized cfDNA concentration and fragment size, and the positioning of nucleosomes on cfDNA, observing a significant increase in the proportion of cell-free mitochondrial DNA inflight, suggesting that cf-mtDNA is a potential biomarker for space flight-associated stress, and that this result was robust to ambient transit from the International Space Station (ISS). Analysis of exosomes isolated from post-flight plasma revealed a 30-fold increase in circulating exosomes and distinct exosomal protein cargo, including brain-derived peptides, in TW compared to HR and all known controls. This study provides the first longitudinal analysis of astronaut cfDNA during spaceflight, as well as the first exosome profiles, and highlights cf-mtDNA levels as a potential biomarker for physiological stress or immune system responses related to microgravity, radiation exposure, and other unique environmental conditions on the ISS.
A comprehensive appraisal of Sharīʿah governance practices in Malaysian Islamic banks
Authors: Naysary Babak , Salleh Marhanum Che Mohd , Abdullah Nurdianawati Irwani 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of the Sharīʿah Governance Framework (SGF) on improving Sharīʿah governance practices in Islamic banks in Malaysia and in addressing its related issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was carried out using a comprehensive questionnaire survey, which was developed primarily based on SGF-2010 and arguments in the literature. The sample for this study includes key functionaries in Sharīʿah governance including senior managers, Sharīʿah committee (SC) and Sharīʿah team members of Islamic banks in Malaysia.

Findings
The analysis of scores obtained from the questionnaire survey–including 41 items representing current significant issues in Sharīʿah governance–indicates that SGF-2010 has been successful in achieving its objectives and in addressing related issues. The results of the paired sample t-test show significant improvements in Sharīʿah governance practices in Malaysian Islamic banks in light of the aforementioned guideline by Bank Negara Malaysia.

Research limitations/implications
Findings of this research suggest that among the five essential pillars of Sharīʿah governance, namely, accountability and responsibility, independence, competence, confidentiality and transparency, most of the improvements and changes brought about by SGF-2010 are attributable to accountability and responsibility. However, there is still room for improvement in other components of the SGF, particularly with regard to transparency and the independence of the SC and Sharīʿah team.

Originality/value
Given the importance of Sharīʿah governance and considering recent endeavours to improve Sharīʿah-compliant culture among Islamic banks in Malaysia, this research is among the first attempts to empirically and comprehensively delve into this subject and evaluate its main issues by directly contacting key players in the Islamic banking industry and providing first-hand highlights. This research also compares the findings based on SGF-2010 with the requirements of SGF-2017 and Sharīʿah Governance Policy Document (SGPD-2019), which were released after this research was completed, where applicable.
Artificial intelligence, real-time feedback and workplace learning analytics to support in situ complex problem-solving: a commentary
Authors: de Laat Maarten , Joksimovic Srecko , Ifenthaler Dirk 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo help workers make the right decision, over the years, technological solutions and workplace learning analytics systems have been designed to aid this process (Ruiz-Calleja et al., 2019). Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to further revolutionise the integration of human and artificial learning and will impact human and machine collaboration during team work (Seeber et al., 2020).Design/methodology/approachComplex problem-solving has been identified as one of the key skills for the future workforce (Hager and Beckett, 2019). Problems faced by today's workforce emerge in situ and everyday workplace learning is seen as an effective way to develop the skills and experience workers need to embrace these problems (Campbell, 2005; Jonassen et al., 2006).FindingsIn this commentary the authors argue that the increased digitization of work and social interaction, combined with recent research on workplace learning analytics and AI opens up the possibility for designing automated real-time feedback systems capable of just-in-time, just-in-place support during complex problem-solving at work. As such, these systems can support augmented learning and professional development in situ.Originality/valueThe commentary reflects on the benefits of automated real-time feedback systems and argues for the need of shared research agenda to cohere research in the direction of AI-enabled workplace analytics and real-time feedback to support learning and development in the workplace.
Mapping the intervention of sustainable design studio using multidimensional scaling and pathfinder networks
Authors: Yilmaz Tolga , Kapkin Engin 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate undergraduate industrial design students’ perception of sustainable design concepts and how their conceptualization evolves as a function of their attendance to a specific sustainable design studio (SDS) course.Design/methodology/approachTwo groups of students participated in the study. Students who did not attend to SDS were in the control group, whereas students who attended SDS were in the experimental group. In total, 22 concepts, which have been highlighted in literature and the SDS course, were selected as keywords. Participants were asked to provide relatedness scores of these keywords before and after they attended the course. The data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and pathfinder (PF) networks.FindingsResults indicate that the SDS caused a change in the conceptualization of sustainable design concepts parallel to the course outcomes and the literature. Some concepts were highlighted as conveyors that guide students to conceptualize sustainable development and design.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is considered a case study focusing on declarative knowledge, and owing to the low number of participants, the results should be carefully interpreted.Practical implicationsThe findings may support design educators to enhance their courses and promote deeper debates on teaching sustainable design.Originality/valueTwo specific dimensions were found from the analysis of multidimensional scaling, and several conveyor concepts were identified from PF networks. Allocating proposed dimensions and concepts into a course may have the potentials to enhance students’ perception of sustainability concepts.
Structural determinants of graduate employability: impact of university and industry collaborations
Authors: Aliu John , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of university and construction industry collaborations (UIC) activities in developing the employability of built environment graduates.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a quantitative approach wherein data was obtained from professionals across academia, construction industry and government establishment within the South African built environment. A total of 204 questionnaires were administered to these professionals to provide information regarding the subject matter under question. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine possible relationships among identified factors that were obtained from a review of extant literature. SEM was performed using analysis of moment structures (AMOS Graphics, version 26) in testing the model and a best-fit was achieved after various model selections and validation tests were conducted.FindingsThe final model revealed that graduate employability can be improved through UIC as effective university-industry linkages provide students with mentoring opportunities and exposure to relevant training which improves their job market prospects and ultimately increases their professional relevance in the long run.Practical implicationsTo continuously enhance the employability of students before graduation, universities are required to foster collaborations with the industry as such linkages are critical to the development of the future custodians of the construction industry.Originality/valueThere have been several generalized statements as to which of the UIC activities contribute to graduate employability. Therefore, through the use of SEM using AMOS, it was possible to state precisely the UIC constructs that are statistically significant and contribute to graduate employability.
An exploratory treatise on the ethnocentric tendencies of Emirati Gen Z consumers
Authors: Potluri Rajasekhara Mouly , Johnson Sophia , Koppalakrishnan Premila 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethnocentric tendencies of Emirati Gen Z consumers and to provide empirical evidence on how demographic variables (gender and education) influence ethnocentric tendencies. The study also attempts to know the impact of ethnocentrism on the buying behavior of the segment.

Design/methodology/approach
Researchers collected the opinions of 310 Emirati Gen Z consumers by using a modified CETSCALE. The data was reviewed and coded by applying software R Studio and Microsoft Excel. Cronbach’s α and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests were administered to check the internal consistency and validity of the 17-item CETSCALE. Then, the factor extraction method principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the data. The selected hypotheses were tested by using the Cronbach α and Kruskal–Wallis (K-W) hypothesis testing technique.

Findings
The findings suggest that Emirati Gen Z consumers substantially ethnocentric who prefer domestic products/services over foreign goods. No significant influence of gender and education on Emirati Gen Z consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies.

Research limitations/implications
The targeted subjects were selected only from Dubai and the Sharjah Emirates and not covered the remaining five emirates of the UAE. Consumers were asked to assess their ethnocentrism without reference to a specific product or service.

Originality/value
This type of meticulous study in the UAE has never been done before to explore the ethnocentric tendencies of Gen Z consumers.
Strengthening consumers’ halal buying behaviour: role of attitude, religiosity and personal norm
Authors: Tuhin Md. Kashedul Wahab , Miraz Mahadi Hasan , Habib Md. Mamun , Alam Md. Mahbub 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to determine direct and indirect ways of strengthening consumer’s halal buying behaviour. For this, the researchers explore the role of religiosity and consumers’ personal norms on consumers’ attitudes and halal buying behaviour. The study also reconnoiters the mediating role of consumer attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach
With a structured questionnaire, a survey was conducted to collect data on consumer attitudes, personal norms and halal buying behaviour. Finally, 229 valid questioners were retained for data analysis. The structural equation modelling technique was used for data analysis using SmartPLS 3.0 software.

Findings
The result of this study suggests that consumers’ attitude towards halal purchase depends on consumers’ personal norms and religiosity. Further, the role of consumer attitudes and religiosity on the halal buying behaviour of consumers is significant. However, the personal norm is not a significant predictor of halal buying behaviour. Consumer attitudes mediate the relationships between personal norms and halal buying behaviour, as well as religiosity and halal buying behaviour.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the present study indicate that consumers’ personal norms and religiosity are the important determinants of consumer attitude and behaviour towards halal purchase. Marketers of halal products and services should focus on strengthening consumers’ attitudes and religiosity to influence consumer behaviour towards halal purchase.

Originality/value
In light of recent research studies on the halal purchase, the present research finds the essential predictors of consumers’ halal purchase attitude and behaviour. The study also reveals that consumer attitude is an important role in strengthening halal buying behaviour, as it has both direct and indirect impact halal buying behaviour.