bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Cationic Intermediates for the Synthesis of Chiral N,O‐Acetals
Authors: Sun Yongjie , Zhao Qingyang , Wang Heng , Yang Tilong , Wen Jialin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor over half a century, transition‐metal‐catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation has been mainly focused on neutral and readily prepared unsaturated substrates. Although the addition of molecular hydrogen to C=C, C=N, and C=O bonds represents a well‐studied paradigm, the asymmetric hydrogenation of cationic species remains an underdeveloped area. In this study, we were seeking a breakthrough in asymmetric hydrogenation, with cationic intermediates as targets, and thereby anticipating applying this powerful tool to the construction of challenging chiral molecules. Under acidic conditions, both N‐ or O‐acetylsalicylamides underwent cyclization to generate cationic intermediates, which were subsequently reduced by an iridium or rhodium hydride complex. The resulting N,O‐acetals were synthesized with remarkably high enantioselectivity. This catalytic strategy exhibited high efficiency (turnover number of up to 4400) and high chemoselectivity. Mechanistic studies supported the hypothesis that a cationic intermediate was formed in situ and hydrogenated afterwards. A catalytic cycle has been proposed with hydride transfer from the iridium complex to the cationic sp2 carbon atom being the rate‐determining step. A steric map of the catalyst has been created to illustrate the chiral environment, and a quantitative structure–selectivity relationship analysis showed how enantiomeric induction was achieved in this chemical transformation.
Influence of Nod factors on the quantity and distribution in faba bean of symbiotically fixed nitrogen as determined by the 15N isotope dilution method
Authors: Siczek Anna , Kalembasa Stanisław , Kalembasa Dorota , Becher Marcin , Symanowicz Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe influence of Nod factors (NFs) on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in 2014–2016 was investigated in a field experiment located on soil classified as a Haplic Luvisol. Nod factors were isolated from the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain GR09. Faba bean was tested with NFs and without NFs, and the plants were harvested in two stages of growth: at the flowering and at full maturity. Plant parts were analyzed for biomass yield, N yield, and the amount of symbiotically fixed N. Based on the isotope dilution method (using N fertilizer in the form of ammonium sulfate [(15NH4)2SO4)], yields of N derived from the atmosphere, soil, and fertilizer were calculated. Nod factors did not have a significant influence on most of the investigated parameters, which were strongly differentiated by the amount of rainfall. However, NF application led to a significant increase in thousand‐seed weight (by 5.4%) and, importantly, NFs beneficially affected N yield in seeds (an increase of 16% compared with the control), the whole mature plant (by 17%), as well as in stripped pods (by 24%) in the dry year 2015. The results showed some possibility of using NFs as a biofertilizer for increasing faba bean productivity, especially under unfavorable conditions during seasons with water deficiency in the soil.
OMIP‐066: Identification of Novel Subpopulations of Human Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Ohne Yoichiro 
Published: June 2020

Purpose and Appropriate Sample TypesThis 14‐color flow cytometry panel was designed to identify newly described subpopulations within human group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and other ILC subsets. This panel also allowed to identify recently reported subpopulations of peripheral blood CRTH2− c‐Kit+ ILCs. We validated this panel mostly in human peripheral blood but also confirmed that the same panel and gating strategy works well in human tonsillar cells. The panel contains a few markers indicating the activation status of ILCs. In addition, phycoerythrin (PE) channel is available for the markers of interest in each study. In the validation studies described here, PE channel was used to test the expression of some markers. These features make this panel applicable for immunophenotyping of ILCs in various disease states. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A passive user‐side solution for evil twin access point detection at public hotspots
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Hau , Wang Chuan‐Sheng , Ou Chih‐Wen , Hsu Yu‐Liang 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a passive user‐side solution, called Wi‐Fi legal access point (AP) finder (LAF), to the notorious evil twin access point problem, which in turn can result in diverse security problems, such as fraud, identity theft, and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Due to the severe security threats created by evil twins, many promising solutions have been proposed. However, the majority of these solutions are designed for the administrators of wireless networks, not for Wi‐Fi users. Hence, they are either too expensive or need some data that are usually not accessible to normal users. LAF utilizes the TCP three‐way handshake‐related packets and packet forwarding property created by evil twins to find legal APs, called good twins, at public hotspots or unencrypted WLANs; thus, it does not need any data or assistance from wireless network administrators. LAF does not send exploring packets actively; hence, evil twins cannot sense its existence. No matter when and where a user needs to utilize an AP to connect to the Internet at a hotspot, he can just use LAF to find out a legal AP to connect to. Experimental results show that LAF can quickly and accurately find legal APs after observing only a few packets.
Catchment‐scale urbanization diminishes effects of habitat complexity on instream macroinvertebrate assemblages
Authors: White Julia Y. , Walsh Christopher J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile provision of in‐stream habitat complexity remains common practice in efforts to restore streams, the evidence of positive effects on in‐stream communities is inconsistent. In streams of urban catchments, where both reach‐scale habitat manipulation and catchment‐scale actions to ameliorate the disturbance regime of urban stormwater runoff are common management responses, clearer understanding of the effects of habitat complexity under different degrees of urban impact are needed. We experimentally assessed the effect of increased surface complexity in wood, the dominant hard substrate in our 18 study reaches on 14 small streams, on in‐stream macroinvertebrate assemblages across a range of urban impact. Increased surface complexity increased abundance of most taxa, but this effect was less pronounced in urban streams, partly because of the reduced species pool tolerant of urban stormwater impacts, and partly because of a lesser response of some species to increased complexity in more urban streams. Collectively these taxon‐specific effects resulted in small, uncertain increases in taxon richness with increased complexity in rural streams, and no change in richness of the less diverse assemblages of urban streams. Increased abundances suggest increased availability of refugia or resources with increased surface complexity, while the reduced effect of complexity in urban streams suggests that any refuge or resource provided by greater surface complexity is less effective in more disturbed environments receiving urban stormwater runoff. The reduced abundance of sensitive taxa in more urban streams, and the resultant reduced richness, confirms that urban stormwater runoff acts as a strong environmental filter, limiting the species pool available for community assembly. Restoration of habitat complexity in streams without catchment‐scale drivers of degradation is likely to have positive benefits to in‐stream biotic assemblages, but the efficacy of such approaches in catchments subject to urban stormwater runoff will be greatly diminished. In such cases, restoration activities should first be aimed at controlling the larger‐scale problem.
Seasonal polyphenism of spotted‐wing Drosophila is affected by variation in local abiotic conditions within its invaded range, likely influencing survival and regional population dynamics
Authors: Stockton Dara G. , Wallingford Anna K. , Brind'amore Gabrielle , Diepenbrock Lauren , Burrack Hannah , Leach Heather , Isaacs Rufus , Iglesias Lindsy E. , Liburd Oscar , Drummond Francis , Ballman Elissa , Guedot Christelle , Van Zoeren Janet , Loeb Greg M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Overwintering Drosophila often display adaptive phenotypic differences beneficial for survival at low temperatures. However, it is unclear which morphological traits are the best estimators of abiotic conditions, how those traits are correlated with functional outcomes in cold tolerance, and whether there are regional differences in trait expression.

We used a combination of controlled laboratory assays, and collaborative field collections of invasive Drosophila suzukii in different areas of the United States, to study the factors affecting phenotype variability of this temperate fruit pest now found globally.

Laboratory studies demonstrated that winter morph (WM) trait expression is continuous within the developmental temperature niche of this species (10–25°C) and that wing length and abdominal melanization are the best predictors of the larval abiotic environment.

However, the duration and timing of cold exposure also produced significant variation in development time, morphology, and survival at cold temperatures. During a stress test assay conducted at −5°C, although cold tolerance was greater among WM flies, long‐term exposure to cold temperatures as adults significantly improved summer morph (SM) survival, indicating that these traits are not controlled by a single mechanism.

Among wild D. suzukii populations, we found that regional variation in abiotic conditions differentially affects the expression of morphological traits, although further research is needed to determine whether these differences are genetic or environmental in origin and whether thermal susceptibility thresholds differ among populations within its invaded range.
Implications of acute temperature and salinity tolerance thresholds for the persistence of intertidal invertebrate populations experiencing climate change
Authors: Iwabuchi Brianna L. , Gosselin Louis A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo predict whether populations of marine animals will persist in the face of changing climate conditions, it is informative to understand how past climate conditions have shaped present‐day tolerance thresholds. We examined 4 species of intertidal invertebrates (Nucella lamellosa, Littorina scutulata, Littorina sitkana, and Balanus glandula) inhabiting the coasts of Vancouver Island, Canada, where the east coast experiences historically warmer sea surface temperature (SST), warmer low tide (i.e., emersion) rock surface temperature (RST), and lower sea surface salinity (SSS) than the west coast. To determine if east coast populations have higher tolerance thresholds to acute stress than west coast populations, animals from 3 sites per coast were exposed to stressful temperatures and salinities in common garden experiments. Emersion temperature tolerance differed between populations only in N. lamellosa and B. glandula, tolerance thresholds being 1.4–1.5°C higher on the east coast. Water temperature tolerance differed between populations only in B. glandula and L. scutulata but was highest on the west coast. No differences in salinity tolerance were observed within any species. Thus, there is limited evidence of divergence among east and west coast populations in tolerance of acute stress despite the substantial historical differences in extreme temperature and salinity conditions between coasts. However, based on present‐day summertime SST and RST and known rates of change in these parameters, we predict present‐day tolerance thresholds would be sufficient to allow adults of these populations to tolerate extreme temperatures predicted for the next several hundred years, and that even a slow rate of change in acute tolerance thresholds might suffice to keep up with future temperature extremes.
Effects of combined renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor and beta‐blocker treatment on outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from BIOSTAT‐CHF and ASIAN‐HF registries
Authors: Ouwerkerk Wouter , Teng Tiew‐Hwa K. , Tromp Jasper , Tay Wan Ting , Cleland John G. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Dickstein Kenneth , Ng Leong L. , Lang Chim C. , Anker Stefan D. , Zannad Faiez , Hung Chung‐Lieh , Sawhney Jitendra P.S. , Naik Ajay , Shimizu Wataru , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Wander Gurpreet Singh , Anand Inder , Richards A. Mark , Voors Adriaan A. , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and β‐blockers are guideline‐recommended first‐line therapies in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Previous studies showed that individual drug classes were under‐dosed in many parts of Europe and Asia. In this study, we investigated the association of combined up‐titration of ACEi/ARBs and β‐blockers with all‐cause mortality and its combination with hospitalization for HF.Methods and resultsA total of 6787 HFrEF patients (mean age 62.6 ± 13.2 years, 77.7% men, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 27.7 ± 7.2%) were enrolled in the prospective multinational European (BIOSTAT‐CHF; n = 2100) and Asian (ASIAN‐HF; n = 4687) studies. Outcomes were analysed according to achieved percentage of guideline‐recommended target doses (GRTD) of combination ACEi/ARB and β‐blocker therapy, adjusted forindication bias. Only 14% (n = 981) patients achieved ≥50% GRTD for both ACEi/ARB and β‐blocker. The best outcomes were observed in patients who achieved 100% GRTD of both ACEi/ARB and β‐blocker [hazard ratio (HR) 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26–0.39 vs. none]. Lower dose of combined therapy was associated with better outcomes than 100% GRTD of either monotherapy. Up‐titrating β‐blockers was associated with a consistent and greater reduction in hazards of all‐cause mortality (HR for 100% GRTD: 0.40, 95% CI 0.25–0.63) than corresponding ACEi/ARB up‐titration (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.53–1.07).ConclusionThis study shows that best outcomes were observed in patients attaining GRTD for both ACEi/ARB and β‐blockers, unfortunately this was rarely achieved. Achieving >50% GRTD of both drug classes was associated with better outcome than target dose of monotherapy. Up‐titrating β‐blockers to target dose was associated with greater mortality reduction than up‐titrating ACEi/ARB.
Development of a short‐form version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test for assessing theory of mind in older adults
Authors: Chander Russell J. , Grainger Sarah A. , Crawford John D. , Mather Karen A. , Numbers Katya , Cleary Rhiagh , Kochan Nicole A. , Brodaty Henry , Henry Julie D. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) is a 36‐item assessment for theory of mind (ToM) performance. While this measure has been shown to be sensitive to age‐related ToM difficulties, there are no established cutoffs or guidelines currently available that are specific to older adults. This article seeks to validate a short‐form version of the RMET appropriate for use in such populations.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 295 participants (mean age 86 years) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, a longitudinal community observational cohort. Participants underwent an assessment battery that included the RMET. Individuals who scored >1SD below the RMET scores of cognitively normal participants were deemed to have below average RMET scores. Various model‐building methods were used to generate short‐form solutions of the RMET, which were compared with previously validated versions in their predictive power for below average full RMET performance.ResultsIndividuals with below average RMET performance tended to be older and have poorer global cognition. Of the eight short‐form solutions, the 21‐item version generated using genetic algorithm exhibited the best classification performance with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.98 and had 93.2% accuracy in classifying individuals with below average ToM. A shorter 10‐item solution derived by ant colony optimization also had acceptable performance.ConclusionWe recommend the 21‐item version of the RMET for use in older adult populations for identifying individuals with impaired ToM. Where an even shorter version is needed with a trade‐off of slightly reduced performance, the 10‐item version is acceptable.
Impaired virus‐specific T cell responses in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms treated with ruxolitinib
Authors: Rumi Elisa , Sant'Antonio Emanuela , Cavalloni Chiara , Comolli Giuditta , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Cassaniti Irene , Pietra Daniela , Trotti Chiara , Ciboddo Michele , Furione Milena , Vanni Daniele , Casetti Ilaria Carola , Favaron Cristina , Baldanti Fausto , Arcaini Luca , Cazzola Mario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRuxolitinib is effective in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) but can cause reactivation of silent infections. We aimed at evaluating viral load and T‐cell responses to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in a cohort of 25 MPN patients treated with ruxolitinib. EBV‐DNA and HCMV‐DNA were quantified monthly using real‐time polimerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood samples, and T‐cell subsets were analyzed by flowcytometry. HCMV and EBV‐directed T‐cell responses were evaluated using the IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay. Most patients had CD4+ and/or CD8+ T‐cells below the normal range; these reductions were related to the duration of ruxolitinib treatment. In fact, reduced T‐lymphocytes' subsets were found in 93% of patients treated for ≥5 years and in 45% of those treated for <5 years (P = .021). The former also had lower median numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Subclinical reactivation of EBV and HCMV occurred in 76% and 8% of patients. We observed a trend to an inverse relationship between EBV and CMV‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses and viral load, and a trend to an inverse correlation with ruxolitinib dose. Therefore, our data suggest that the ruxolitinib treatment may interfere with immunosurveillance against EBV and HCMV.
Heat and mass transfer effect on an unsteady MHD radiative chemically reactive Casson fluid over a stretching sheet in porous medium
Authors: Das Mrutyunjay , Mahanta Ganeswar , Shaw Sachin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the variable magnetic field, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, Soret effect, and variable heat absorption on the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer of an unsteady Casson fluid past a stretching surface in a saturated porous medium. Velocity slip near the plate and conjugate heating boundary conditions in heat and mass transfer have been considered in this study. Due to the complexities in boundary conditions, the analytic solution of the governing equations of the present model is not possible. Thus, to overcome these issues, the coupled partial differential equations of the model are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. These equations have then been solved numerically using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta technique via the shooting method. The effects of various pertinent flow parameters on the velocity, concentration, and temperature field have been studied graphically. For the field of engineering, to get an insight into the physical quantities, especially Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction, their numerical values have been estimated against various parameters and presented in tables. From the tabulated values, it has been perceived that the shear stress increases with an increase in magnetic parameter, unsteadiness parameter, Casson parameter, and heat source parameter, whereas the Biot number shows the reverse trend. The mixture of porous media has justified that the heat transport process over a stretching sheet results in averting heat loss and accelerating the process of cooling, which is a significant outcome of the study. Furthermore, it has also been revealed that with the increase in the Soret effect and magnetic field, there is a reduction in the fluid velocity and temperature near the plate, whereas there is an increase in the species concentration. It has also been mentioned that the effects of the variable magnetic field have been widely applied in various engineering applications like magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion forces, rate of cooling, MHD power generation, and so on.
A Multiarmed Bandit Approach to Adaptive Water Quality Management
Authors: Martin David M , Johnson Fred A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nonpoint source water quality management is challenged with allocating uncertain management actions and monitoring their performance in the absence of state-dependent decision making. This adaptive management context can be expressed as a multiarmed bandit problem. Multiarmed bandit strategies attempt to balance the exploitation of actions that appear to maximize performance with the exploration of uncertain, but potentially better, actions. We performed a test of multiarmed bandit strategies to inform adaptive water quality management in Massachusetts, USA. Conservation and restoration practitioners were tasked with allocating household wastewater treatments to minimize N inputs to impaired waters. We obtained time series of N monitoring data from 3 wastewater treatment types and organized them chronologically and randomly. The chronological data set represented nonstationary performance based on recent monitoring data, whereas the random data set represented stationary performance. We tested 2 multiarmed bandit strategies in hypothetical experiments to sample from the treatment data through 20 sequential decisions. A deterministic probability-matching strategy allocated treatments with the highest probability of success regarding their performance at each decision. A randomized probability-matching strategy randomly allocated treatments according to their probability of success at each decision. The strategies were compared with a nonadaptive strategy that equally allocated treatments at each decision. Results indicated that equal allocation is useful for learning in nonstationary situations but tended to overexplore inferior treatments and thus did not maximize performance when compared with the other strategies. Deterministic probability matching maximized performance in many stationary situations, but the strategy did not adequately explore treatments and converged on inferior treatments in nonstationary situations. Randomized probability matching balanced performance and learning in stationary situations, but the strategy could converge on inferior treatments in nonstationary situations. These findings provide evidence that probability-matching strategies are useful for adaptive management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:841–852. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)