bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for the incidence of apoplexy in pituitary adenoma: a single-center study from southwestern China
Authors: Li Yao , Qian Yuan , Qiao Yisheng , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xu Jiaotian , Zhang Chao , Wang Wei , Li Junjun , Deng Xingli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence and clinical manifestations of pituitary apoplexy were reported by a few researches, the results are not consistent. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with an incidence of apoplexy in pituitary adenomas.MethodsThe clinical information of 843 patients with pituitary adenoma from the Department of Neurological Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, was reviewed. The incidence, clinical manifestation, and potential risk factors for pituitary apoplexy were analyzed by a case-control study.ResultsIn total, 121 patients (14.4%) with macroadenoma were suffered from pituitary apoplexy. Headache, vomiting, and visual impairment are the top 3 symptoms for the pituitary apoplexy.Logistic regression results showed that the hypertension(hypertension vs non-hypertension OR = 2.765, 95%CI:1.41~5.416), tumor type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 1.501, 95%CI:1.248~5.235), and tumor size (diameter > 2 cm vs. diameter ≤ 2 cm, OR = 3.952, 95%CI:2.211~7.053) are independent factors associated with pituitary apoplexy.ConclusionOur results indicate that the risk factors for the incidence of pituitary apoplexy depend mainly on properties of the tumor itself (tumor size and pathologic type) and the blood pressure of patients.
Unilateral and segmental distribution of facial erythema: is it a real port-wine stain?
Authors: Cen Qingqing , Sun Yi , Zeng Xiaojing , Liu Yun , Liu Fatao , Chen Hui , Lin Xiaoxi , Cai Ren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCapillary malformation-arteriovenous malformations (CM-AVMs) caused by a RASA-1 or EPHB4 mutation are characterized as hereditary sporadic or multifocal capillary malformations (CMs), associated with potential fast-flow vascular anomalies underlying erythema lesions. Because of the similar phenotype, CM-AVMs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated CMs as well as other disorders with an erythema phenotype, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).Herein, we report a male patient with facial erythema. Red lesions were located in the V1 region of his left face, the V2 and V3 regions on his right side, and the nasal back. The patient was initially thought to have PWSs because of the unilateral and segmental distribution of his red facial lesions. In contrast to a previous diagnosis, we diagnosed the child with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation type 2 (CM-AVM2) based on a family history of erythema, the results of physical examination and ultrasound raising potential fast-flow lesions, and a genetic study revealing a germline EPHB4 mutation. This study emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis for PWS and CM-AVM. A single clinical diagnosis can be limited, and molecular diagnosis is recommended to provide more information for the evaluation of the potential risk of fast-flow lesions underlying erythema lesions if necessary.
The current state of training in psychiatry of intellectual disability: perspectives of trainees and trainers
Authors: Walton Catherine , Williams Fionnuala , Bonell Simon , Barrett Mary 
Published: July 2020

Aims and MethodTwelve intellectual disability psychiatry trainee representatives and 13 training programme directors were surveyed to assess the current state of training, to establish what motivated specialty trainees to choose intellectual disability psychiatry, and to explore issues that might affect retention.ResultsThe combined survey response rate was 83%. All trainees had chosen intellectual disability psychiatry after experience in either their personal or working life. Overall, specialty trainees were satisfied with their training; the majority felt supported to meet training requirements. Trainee isolation was the main concern for current trainees.Clinical implicationsRecruitment for specialty training in intellectual disability psychiatry is acknowledged to be a concern for workforce planning and could affect access to and quality of psychiatric care for people with intellectual disability. The results of this survey could be used as a guide to improve efforts to attract trainees. Acknowledging and reducing trainee isolation could improve trainee morale.
Interleukin-6 May Not Affect Bone Resorption Marker CTX or Bone Formation Marker P1NP in Humans
Authors: Lehrskov Louise L , Kjeldsen Sasha , Lyngbæk Mark P , Chirstensen Regitse Højgaard , Wedell-Neergaard Anne-Sophie , Søderlund Line , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J , Ellingsgaard Helga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextInterleukin 6 (IL-6) contributes to bone remodeling in preclinical studies. Clinical trials investigating the role of IL-6 in bone remodeling are limited.ObjectiveTo investigate if IL-6 regulates bone remodeling in humans.DesignPlasma concentrations of the bone resorption marker carboxy-terminal type I collagen crosslinks (CTX) and of the bone formation marker procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were measured during a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) in 3 placebo-controlled human studies.ParticipantsFive healthy individuals participated in study 1; 52 obese individuals, in study 2; and 10 healthy individuals, in study 3.InterventionsStudy 1 was a single-blinded crossover study consisting of a 1-h infusion of saline (placebo) or the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab followed by an exercise bout. Study 2 was a randomized, double-blinded 12-week exercise training intervention study. Participants received infusions of saline or tocilizumab. Study 3 was a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study consisting of 30 min infusion of saline or IL-6.Main outcomes measuresEffect of IL-6 on CTX levels.ResultsCTX was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) decreased during MMTTs in all 3 studies. Treatment with tocilizumab did not affect exercise or meal induced changes in plasma CTX or P1NP concentrations acutely (study 1) or after a 12-week treatment period (study 2). Exogenous IL-6 had no effect on CTX or P1NP plasma concentrations (study 3).ConclusionsIL-6 may not regulate bone remodeling in humans.
Sensitivity of Botswana Ex-Tropical Cyclone Dineo rainfall simulations to cloud microphysics scheme
Authors: Molongwane Charles , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Fridlind Ann , Motshegwa Tshiamo , Matsui Toshihisa , Phaduli Elelwani , Sehurutshi Bigani , Maisha Robert 
Published: July 2020

Background: Numerical weather and climate models rely on the use of microphysics schemes to simulate clouds and produce precipitation at convective scales. It is important that we understand how different microphysics schemes perform when simulating high impact weather to inform operational forecasting. Methods: Simulations a heavy rainfall event from 17-20 February 2017 over Botswana were made with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using four different microphysics schemes. The schemes used were the Weather Research and Forecasting Single Moment 6-class scheme (WSM6); Weather Research and Forecasting Single Moment 5-class scheme (WSM5); Stony Brook University scheme (SBU-YLIN); and Thompson scheme. WSM5 is considered as the least sophisticated of the four schemes, while Thompson is the most sophisticated. Simulations were initialized and forced by the Global Forecast System (GFS), and configured with a grid spacing of 9km over an outer domain and 3km for a nested inner domain without the convection parameterization. The simulations were produced using the University of Botswana and the Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC) High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. Results: WSM5 and WSM6 simulations are mostly similar; the presence of graupel in WSM6 did not result in large differences in the rainfall simulations. SBU-YLIN simulated the least amount of rainfall, followed by Thompson. All the schemes captured the north-south rainfall gradient observed on 17 February, but with all simulations rainfall is simulated slightly south of where it was observed. All the schemes overestimated rainfall on 18 February over the central parts of Botswana, and underestimated rainfall on 19 February over most of Botswana. Conclusions: Simulations with different microphysics looked more similar to each other, than to observations. Future studies will test WRF configurations including a single nest over Botswana to determine the best configuration for operational forecasting by the Botswana Department of Meteorological Services.
Discursos sobre el castigo físico en la familia. Entre tradición, ciencia y derecho
Authors: Tobon Berrio Luz Estela 
Published: July 2020

El artículo expone el entramado de pensamiento social donde se anidan los elementos ideológicos que actualizan la vigencia del castigo físico en el cotidiano familiar de padres y madres ordinarios desde la narrativa de sus experiencias parentales. Un modelo conceptual de tres discursos: tradición, experto jurídico, resume las presiones discursivas a las cuales se encuentran sujetos los padres y madres en un momento histórico de transición, del modelo educativo de control a los hijos permisivo de la violencia física a un contexto de educación familiar donde la introducción de los derechos de los niños cuestionan el uso del dolor como recurso de la pedagogía familiar. El modelo se construyó a partir de los datos recolectados con la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a padres y madres de la ciudad de Barranquilla, en una investigación bajo el enfoque cualitativo crítico. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante la construcción de categorías conceptualizantes (Paillé y Mucchielli, 2012) que permiten exponer el fenómeno sociojurídico desde la perspectiva del sujeto y hacen del investigador un mediador entre la realidad vivida y la producción textual.
Collusive Investments in Technological Compatibility: Lessons from U.S. Railroads in the Late 19th Century
Authors: Gross Daniel P. 
Published: July 2020

Collusion is widely condemned for its negative effects on consumer welfare and market efficiency. In this paper, I show that collusion may also in some cases facilitate the creation of unexpected new sources of value. I bring this possibility into focus through the lens of a historical episode from the 19th century, when colluding railroads in the U.S. South converted 13,000 miles of railroad track to standard gauge over the course of two days in 1886, integrating the South into the national transportation network. Route-level freight traffic data reveal that the gauge change caused a large shift in market share from steamships to railroads, but did not affect total shipments or prices on these routes. Guided by these results, I develop a model of compatibility choice in a collusive market and argue that collusion may have enabled the gauge change to take place as it did, while also tempering the effects on prices and total shipments. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Imaging Fourier spectrometer in visible domain: experimental results
Authors: Protopopov V. 
Published: July 2020

Performance of a prototype of a compact imaging Fourier spectrometer for visible domain is reported. In high-frequency applications up to 100 MHz, the optical signal is recorded by a photo-multiplying tube. Selectivity of spectra modulated at 100 kHz on the background of non-modulated light and possibility of measuring 50 ns decay time of molecular transitions is experimentally demonstrated. On line-type spectra with the same exposure time and spectral resolution, the imaging Fourier spectrometer may be 10 times more sensitive than the best compact grating spectrometers. This superiority disappears on smooth spectra with short coherence length. In visible and near-infrared domains, a carefully made prototype of an imaging Fourier spectrometer with a photo-multiplying tube proves to be sensitive to as low optical flux as

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Analisis Politik Hukum Dan Implementasinya
Authors: Islamiyati Islamiyati , Hendrawati Dewi 
Published: July 2020

The relationship between politics and law is very familiar, the law is a legislation that is actually a crystallization of political wills that interact and influence each other. Political law is defined as the official line of state policy to create and enact legislation in order to achieve the goals and goals of the state as contained in the preamble of the Constitution of 1945 Alenia IV. Implementation of legal politics in the form of legislation that is used as a tool to achieve state goals, in accordance with the national legal framework of national law, which can be seen in PROLEGNAS AND PROLEGDA.Keyword: law, politics, implementation. ABSTRAKHubungan antara politik dan hukum sangat akrab, hukum merupakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang sebenarnya adalah kristalisasi dari kehendak-kehendak politik yang saling berinteraksi dan saling mempengaruhi. Politik hukum diartikan sebagai garis resmi kebijakan negara untuk membuat dan menetapkan peraturan perundang-undangan guna mencapai cita-cita dan tujuan negara seperti yang terdapat pada pembukaan UUD NRI 1945 alenia IV. Implementasi politik hukum berupa ditetapkannya perundang-undangan yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan negara, yang sesuai dengan kerangka dasar politik hukum nasional, yang dapat dilihat di PROLEGNAS DAN PROLEGDA.
Chirality of β2-agonists. An overview of pharmacological activity, stereoselective analysis, and synthesis
Authors: Ružena Čižmáriková , Jindra Valentová , Renáta Horáková 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ2-Agonists (β2-adrenergic agonists, bronchodilatants, and sympathomimetic drugs) are a group of drugs that are mainly used in asthma and obstructive pulmonary diseases. In practice, the substances used to contain one or more stereogenic centers in their structure and their enantiomers exhibit different pharmacological properties. In terms of bronchodilatory activity, (R)-enantiomers showed higher activity. The investigation of stereoselectivity in action and disposition of chiral drugs together with the preparation of pure enantiomer drugs calls for efficient stereoselective analytical methods. The overview focuses on the stereoselectivity in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of β2-agonists and summarizes the stereoselective analytical methods for the enantioseparation of racemic beta-agonists (HPLC, LC-MS, GC, TLC, CE). Some methods of the stereoselective synthesis for β2-agonists preparation are also presented.
A self-breaking supramolecular plugging system as lost circulation material in oilfield
Authors: Zhang Hanshi , Jiang Guancheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLost circulation is a frequently encountered problem during workover operations of a low-pressure reservoir. Many lost circulation materials (LCM) have been used to solve the problem, but various disadvantages still exist, for example, oil-soluble materials are easy to get stuck in the pipe string as the temperature drops and gel time and gel strength of the cross-linking gel systems are difficult to control in the occasion of inadequate stirring. A self-breaking supramolecular plugging system used to control lost circulation of workover operations is developed, and it can encounter the aforementioned disadvantages of the traditional LCM. The system forms a space grid structure by non-covalent bonds between the molecules without adding a cross-linking agent. Sand beds plugged with the supramolecular plugging system had a pressure bearing capacity of 4.5 MPa. The self-breaking rate of the supramolecular system was 100% after 7 days at a temperature of 120°C. The core permeability recovery of the self-breaking liquid was 91.9%, indicated that the plugging system is compatible of the reservoir. The supramolecular plugging system has been used in four wells in the Jidong oilfield of East China. Field practice showed that the supramolecular LCM can effectively control lost circulation at different rates during workover operations. The increase in the daily fluid after operations indicated that the slurry has not damaged the reservoir.
Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Han-Qing , An Ya-Wen , Li Zhi-Wen , Li Wei-Xin , Yuan Bo , Wang Jian-Chun , Jin Hong-Tao , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a novel sensitizer discovered by Professor Fang Qi-Cheng and widely used in photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). We searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, etc. for system review of its progress. We found that, both DVDMS-PDT and -SDT had been proven effective for inhibiting tumor growth and mechanisms involved reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Material advances enhanced antitumor effects and expanded its application. The safety of DVDMS in animals was evaluated, and metabolic parameters were uncovered. Additionally, DVDMS-PDT also exhibited therapeutic effects on non-neoplastic diseases like psoriasis and bacterial infections. Two phase I clinical trials of DVDMS have been documented, but recruitments had still not been completed. In conclusion, DVDMS is a promising sensitizer for both PDT and SDT; however, there are some shortcomings in previous studies like inconsistent treatment parameters, which need systematic assessments in future. Moreover, more mechanisms such as the role of autophagy need to be discovered. Further evidence of the safety and effectiveness of new materials are needed, and the application in non-neoplastic diseases like actinic keratosis and fungal infection deserves further development. Above all, promoting its clinical applications is the most important goal.
Removal of H2S by vermicompost biofilter and analysis on bacterial community
Authors: Tian Weiping , Chen Xuemin , Zhou Peng , Fu Xiaoyong , Zhao Honghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe vermicompost collected from dewatered domestic sludge as packing material in biofilter was investigated for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. No nutrients or microbial inoculation was added throughout the experiment. The corresponding bacterial community characteristics in the vermicompost biofilter of different spatial levels were evaluated by Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that the vermicompost biofilter performed well during operation. The H2S removal efficiency reached nearly 100% under condition of the inlet concentration <350 mg m−3 and 0.25−0.35 m3 h−1 gas flow rate. The maximum elimination capacity of 20.2 g m−3 h−1 was observed at a flow rate of 0.35 m3 h−1. Furthermore, the amounts of biodegraded products and pH varied accordingly. In addition, the results from high-throughput sequencing revealed pronouncedly spatial variation of the vermicompost, and the Rhodanobacter, Halothiobacillus, Mizugakiibacter as well as Thiobacillus, which can play an important role in removing H2S, were predominant in the final vermicompost. These results imply that the vermicompost with diverse microbial communities has a good potential for eliminating H2S.
Cadmium (Cd) chloride affects the nutrient uptake and Cd-resistant bacterium reduces the adsorption of Cd in muskmelon plants
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Pengcheng , Xiao Qingqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) chloride on the uptake of N, P, and K and evaluate the effect of Cd-resistant bacterium “N3” on reducing the adverse effect of Cd in grafted and nongrafted plants. The shoot and total dry weights of the nongrafted muskmelon plants decreased under 50 and 100 µM Cd treatments. The scion and shoot dry weights of the grafted plants increased significantly, whereas their root dry weight increased by nearly onefold compared with those of the CK-grafted plants regardless of Cd concentration. The N, P, and K contents in the nongrafted plants decreased under Cd treatments but increased under 50 µM Cd treatment when inoculated with “N3”. The N, P, and K contents in the grafted plants were lower than those treated with only Cd. The grafted and nongrafted plants exhibited low Cd accumulation in the scion or shoot part compared with the root tissues. “N3” inoculation reduced the Cd concentration in all tissues of the grafted and nongrafted plants. Our results demonstrated great variation in Cd accumulation in the grafted and nongrafted muskmelon plants, thereby promoting food safety under Cd contamination conditions.
Second harmonic generation in metasurfaces with multipole resonant coupling
Authors: Han Aoxue , Dineen Colm , Babicheva Viktoriia E. , Moloney Jerome V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report on the numerical demonstration of enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) originating from collective resonances in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays. The nonlinear optical response of the metal nanoparticles is modeled by employing a hydrodynamic nonlinear Drude model implemented into Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations, and effective polarizabilities of nanoparticle multipoles in the lattice are analytically calculated at the fundamental wavelength by using a coupled dipole–quadrupole approximation. Excitation of narrow collective resonances in nanoparticle arrays with electric quadrupole (EQ) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonant coupling leads to strong linear resonance enhancement. In this work, we analyze SHG in the vicinity of the lattice resonance corresponding to different nanoparticle multipoles and explore SHG efficiency by varying the lattice periods. Coupling of electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole in the nanoparticle lattice indicates symmetry breaking and the possibility of enhanced SHG under these conditions. By varying the structure parameters, we can change the strength of electric dipole (ED), EQ, and MD polarizabilities, which can be used to control the linewidth and magnitude of SHG emission in plasmonic lattices. Engineering of lattice resonances and associated magnetic dipole resonant excitations can be used for spectrally narrow nonlinear response as the SHG can be enhanced and controlled by higher multipole excitations and their lattice resonances. We show that both ED and EQ–MD lattice coupling contribute to SHG, but the presence of strong EQ–MD coupling is important for spectrally narrow SHG and, in our structure, excitation of narrow higher-order multipole lattice resonances results in five times enhancement.
Dual-polarized multiplexed meta-holograms utilizing coding metasurface
Authors: Guan Chunsheng , Liu Jian , Ding Xumin , Wang Zhuochao , Zhang Kuang , Li Haoyu , Jin Ming , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Wu Qun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method is proposed to achieve two distinct information channels by simultaneously manipulating both the transmitted cross- and co-polarized components of a 1-bit coding metasurface under linearly polarized incidence. Compared to previously demonstrated incidence-switchable or position multiplexed holograms, our proposed coding meta-hologram can simultaneously project two independent holographic images without inevitable change of the incidence state and can at the same time also avoid crosstalk between different channels. Moreover, the orientation of the double-layered split ring (SR) apertures is specially designed to be 45° or 135° to achieve identical multiplexed functionality for bothx-polarized andy-polarized incidences. The proof-of-concept experimental demonstrations present total transmittance efficiency above 30% for the dual linearly polarized incidences at 15 GHz, and good imaging performances with 53.98%/48.18% imaging efficiency, 1.55%/1.46% RMSE, and 29.9/28.72 peak signal-to-noise ratio for the cross-/co-polarized channels undery-polarized incidence, and 47.27%/45.75% imaging efficiency, 1.55%/1.43% RMSE, and 18.74/25.93 peak signal-to-noise ratio underx-polarized incidence, demonstrating great potential of the proposed multiplexed coding meta-hologram in practical applications such as data storage and information processing.