bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of nanocomposites cellulose-Fe3O4/ZnO as novel green catalyst for biodiesel production from coconut oil
Authors: Azahra S N A R , Helmiyati  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cellulose-Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized. This process was supported by characterization using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Mapping (SEM-Mapping) instruments. The successfully synthesized-nanocomposites then were tested for a catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction to form biodiesel. The results of the biodiesel production were characterized using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest conversion of coconut oil into biodiesel was 90.6%, with a catalyst amount of 0.6% wt and a 120 minutes reaction time. The biodiesel production using GC-MS shows that the most formed-methyl esters are dodecanoic acid methyl esters (lauric acid methyl esters). The use of cellulose as a catalyst support by combining Fe3O4/ZnO composites is very promising to be a green catalyst in the reaction of biodiesel production.
Adsorption capability for Congo Red on exfoliated graphene-decorated CoFe2O4 nanocomposite: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and recyclability studies
Authors: Tan L V , Hong-Tham N T , Thinh P V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we investigated kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption process of EG@CoFe2O4 adsorbent toward Congo Red dye in aqueous solution. Four kinetic models (pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, and Bangham) and four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich) were estimated elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Current results show that the pseudo second-order model is the most appropriate kinetics for the adsorption and that the monolayer behavior (Langmuir model), rather than multilayer behavior (Freundlich equation), is more suitable to describe the adsorption. The adsorption process was confirmed to be endothermic and spontaneous via thermodynamic study. On the other hand, via Boehm’s titration we confirmed that EG@CoFe2O4 can contain functional groups (carboxylic, phenolic, laconic groups and basic groups) with the respective amount of 0.020, 0.044, 0.032, and 0.156 mmol/g. The EG@CoFe2O4 showed high maximum adsorption capacity (98.60mg/g), and good recyclability.
Formulation of the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil-based eco-friendly diffuse solution
Authors: Ngan T T K , Hien T T , Danh P H , Nhan L T H , Tien L X 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most challenging issues associated with the use of artificial scent is the harmful effects not always visible to the eyes. To meet the growing consumer demand for the natural active ingredients of household products, the team looked for new, rich ingredients that have ample amount of compound that create scents and exhibit high antibacterial activities. The main objective of this study was to formulate a diffused product by replacing the harmful synthetic ingredients with safe natural ingredients. After applying the hydrodistillation method for the extraction process, lemongrass essential oil obtained with optimum efficiency of 0.29%. The process and formula of diffused products are optimized through the process of influencing parameters such as platform oil, emulsifier, solvent, Tween 80 and essential oil. The results indicate that lemongrass essential oil can be used as an eco-friendly alternative, which can add up the aromatic and deodorizing properties to the synthesized fragrance. The research into the application of lemongrass essential oils in many products will provide insight into the potential development of essential oils in the field of home care products.
Study on the formula to produce shampoo derived from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf.) essential oil
Authors: Hien T T , Nhut P T , Bach L G , Nhan N P T , Nhan L T H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFacing the proliferation of unnatural fragrance personal care products by their convenience and affordability. However, facing the immediate benefits is the insecurity of prolonged exposure to odors, the vast majority of which may exceed the allowable or unknown uses. Therefore, we research the production process of shampoos derived from natural essential oils. In this study, we use lemongrass oil originating from Tan Phu Dong commune, Tien Giang province to conduct steam distillation with optimum efficiency of 0.29%. The general formula for making a shampoo product is based on basic factors such as detergent, humectant, foaming agent, etc. The product evaluation is based on the results of the assessment of foaming ability, degree foam stability, and product stability under different storage conditions. Results showed that shampoo products derived from lemongrass oil gave good evaluation results, scalable, and developed to conduct commercialization.
The effect of chemical refining process on the physicochemical and fatty acid composition of water melon seed oil (Citrulus lanatus L.)
Authors: Soetjipto H , Septiyarini C P , Hartini S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A lot of watermelon seed waste is wasted, generally its only used to make “kuaci”, a kind of salted saline a snack made from watermelon seeds. As a member of Cucurbitaceae family, watermelon seeds can be used as a source of vegetable oil that predicted contains squalene inside like other Cucurbitaceae members. This study aims to determine the effect of refining process on the physicochemical properties and composition watermelon seed oil. Watermelon seed oil which is obtained by using Soxhlet extractor in n-hexane solvent was refined in 3 steps, which was degumming, neutralization, and bleaching, respectively. Degumming process used 3 concentrations of H3PO4, which were 0,15%; 0,20%; and 0,25%, respectively; whereas 3 zeolit concentrations of 2%; 4%; and 8%, respectively were used in bleaching steps. Data were analyzed by using 3x3 Factorial design and it was laid out with Randomized Completely Block Design, 3 replications and as the block is time analysis. The optimum yield of the watermelon (C. lanatus L.) seed oil is obtained in the amount of 48.47±0.91 % at 0.25% phosphoric acid concentration and 4% Zeolite concentration. The result of physicochemical analysis before and after the refining process have changed. The density, peroxide value and acid value show a significantly decrease, while only the saponification value shows an increase. Fatty acid composition (profile) of WSO before and after refining process does not change, comprises linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and squalene (unsaturated hydrocarbon). Linoleic acid is the main compound of WSO (76.69%), followed by palmitic acid (14.60%), stearic acid (6.53%) and squalene (2.18%), respectively.
Optimization infusion condition on flavonoid and antioxidant activity of herb beverages using response surface methodology
Authors: Martono Y , Muninggar J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Herbs have potential to be developed as functional beverages to reduce the risk of Covid-19 infection. One of herb ready to serve form is brewed in a bag. This study optimizes the conditions for herb beverages infusion in a silk bag based on their flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Optimization is completed using the Response Surface Methodology with 33 Central Composite Design models. As the factor X1 is the mass of the herbs in the bag, X2 is the infusion frequency and X3 is the steeping time. Each factor consists of 3 levels. The flavonoid content was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity was measured based on the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. The results of this study indicate that the optimal condition is achieved in the herb mass of 1.2 g with an infusion frequency of 18 times and steeping time for 15 minutes. Flavonoids content and antioxidant activity in herb beverages at optimal infusion conditions were 942,353 μg QE / mL (117.79 mg QE / g) and 83.06%, respectively.
Synthesis of poly pyridine-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (PMEOA) as a metal mixture carrier
Authors: Djunaidi M C , Cahyono H , Ismiyarto  , Siswanta D , Jumina  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The synthesis of poly pyridin-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (poly (PMEOA)) as a metal mixture carrier by BLM (Bulk Liquid Membrane) method has been conducted. The synthesis began with the conversion of eugenol to acid followed by the synthesis of pyridin-2-ylmethyl 2-(eugenoxy) acetate (PMEOA) ester. The monomer synthesis results were characterized by FTIR and GC-MS along with NMR. Polymerization of the ester produced poly (PMEOA). The resulting polymer was characterized using FTIR and NMR. Both of the synthesis products (monomers and polymers) were tested for their selectivity towards metal mixtures with Bulk Liquid Membrane Method (BLM) extraction. The results obtained show the difference in selectivity and effectiveness of its extraction ability. Mainly in the improvement of the heavy metal ions transport effectiveness resulted by the use of poly (PMEOA).
Multiplex Detection of Clinically Relevant Mutations in Liquid Biopsies of Cancer Patients Using a Hybridization-Based Platform
Authors: Giménez-Capitán Ana , Bracht Jillian , García Juan José , Jordana-Ariza Núria , García Beatriz , Garzón Mónica , Mayo-de-las-Casas Clara , Viteri-Ramirez Santiago , Martinez-Bueno Alejandro , Aguilar Andrés , Sullivan Ivana-Gabriela , Johnson Eric , Huang Chung-Ying , Gerlach Jay L , Warren Sarah , Beechem Joseph M , Teixidó Cristina , Rosell Rafael , Reguart Noemí , Molina-Vila Miguel A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of precision oncology, liquid biopsies are quickly gaining acceptance in the clinical setting. However, in some cases, the amount of DNA isolated is insufficient for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The nCounter platform could be an alternative, but it has never been explored for detection of clinically relevant alterations in fluids.MethodsCirculating-free DNA (cfDNA) was purified from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites of patients with cancer and analyzed with the nCounter 3 D Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) Solid Tumor Panel, which allows for detection of 97 driver mutations in 24 genes.ResultsValidation experiments revealed that the nCounter SNV panel could detect mutations at allelic fractions of 0.02–2% in samples with ≥5 pg mutant DNA/µL. In a retrospective analysis of 70 cfDNAs from patients with cancer, the panel successfully detected EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and NRAS mutations when compared with previous genotyping in the same liquid biopsies and paired tumor tissues [Cohen kappa of 0.96 (CI = 0.92–1.00) and 0.90 (CI = 0.74–1.00), respectively]. In a prospective study including 91 liquid biopsies from patients with different malignancies, 90 yielded valid results with the SNV panel and mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, TP53, NFE2L2, CTNNB1, ALK, FBXW7, and PTEN were found. Finally, serial liquid biopsies from a patient with NSCLC revealed that the semiquantitative results of the mutation analysis by the SNV panel correlated with the evolution of the disease.ConclusionsThe nCounter platform requires less DNA than NGS and can be employed for routine mutation testing in liquid biopsies of patients with cancer.
The Dowsing Debate: Water, Science and Colonialism in German Southwest Africa*
Authors: Kalb Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The dowsing debate in Imperial Germany and its role in the solution to the ‘water question’ in German Southwest Africa is a window on the three principal themes of this article: environmental challenges, imperial fantasies and the fluidity of epistemologies. First, the water question, as contemporaries termed it, was a significant concern in German Southwest Africa, and discussions of divination illustrate its centrality in the development of Germany’s first and only settler colony. Secondly, the main protagonist, district administrator and dowser Rafael Perfecto von Uslar, and his role in the search for water sources in German Southwest Africa capture the limits of German colonial control. Von Uslar stepped into a vacuum created by German ethnocentrism and its dismissive colonial gaze. Finally, the resurgence of divination, a folk tradition many believed existed only outside the sciences, blurred the line between objective scientific knowledge and superstition within the German Empire—all the while silencing local African expertise.
A state-of-art method for solar irradiance forecast via using fisheye lens
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Yangluxi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to enable the solar irradiance forecast function implementing a common camera devise instead of specialized instrument thereby serve for other researches. Development of various simulated tools requires higher accuracy surrounding weather condition data. Previous studies mainly focus on the improvement of precision for professional monitor equipment i.e. total sky imager, which is limited to the scope of users. In this research, a fisheye lens graph is rectified following a particular algorithm based on the image forming principle. Moreover, solar irradiance prediction adopts the advanced BP neutral network method being proved to be valid. Final results indicate that after rectifying the special perspective images under fisheye direction, colour threshold configuration could remarkably recognize the cloud image. The conclusion shows that common camera fisheye lens coupled with BP neural network successfully predict the solar irradiance.
Unstable Loci in Flag Varieties and Variation of Quotients
Authors: Seppänen Henrik , Tsanov Valdemar V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the action of a semisimple subgroup $\hat{G}$ of a semisimple complex group $G$ on the flag variety $X=G/B$ and the linearizations of this action by line bundles $\mathcal L$ on $X$. We give an explicit description of the associated unstable locus in dependence of $\mathcal L$, as well as a formula for its (co)dimension. We observe that the codimension is equal to 1 on the regular boundary of the $\hat{G}$-ample cone and grows towards the interior in steps by 1, in a way that the line bundles with unstable locus of codimension at least $q$ form a convex polyhedral cone. We also give a description and a recursive algorithm for determining all GIT-classes in the $\hat{G}$-ample cone of $X$. As an application, we give conditions ensuring the existence of GIT-classes $C$ with an unstable locus of codimension at least two and which moreover yield geometric GIT quotients. Such quotients $Y_C$ reflect global information on $\hat{G}$-invariants. They are always Mori dream spaces, and the Mori chambers of the pseudoeffective cone $\overline{\textrm{Eff}}(Y_C)$ correspond to the GIT chambers of the $\hat{G}$-ample cone of $X$. Moreover, all rational contractions $f: Y_{C} \ \scriptsize{-}\scriptsize{-}{\scriptsize{-}\kern-5pt\scriptsize{&gt;}}\ Y^{\prime}$ to normal projective varieties $Y^{\prime}$ are induced by GIT from linearizations of the action of $\hat{G}$ on $X$. In particular, this is shown to hold for a diagonal embedding $\hat{G} \hookrightarrow (\hat{G})^k$, with sufficiently large $k$.
The Governance of Covid-19: Anthropogenic Risk, Evolutionary Learning, and the Future of the Social State
Authors: Deakin Simon , Meng Gaofeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the implications of the Covid-19 crisis for the theory and practice of governance. We define ‘governance’ as the process through which, in the case of a given entity or polity, resources are allocated, decisions made and policies implemented, with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of its operations in the face of risks in its environment. Core to this, we argue, is the organisation of knowledge through public institutions, including the legal system. Covid-19 poses a particular type of ‘Anthropogenic’ risk, which arises when organised human activity triggers feedback effects from the natural environment. As such it requires the concerted mobilisation of knowledge and a directed response from governments and international agencies. In this context, neoliberal theories and practices, which emphasise the self-adjusting properties of systems of governance in response to external shocks, are going to be put to the test. In states’ varied responses to Covid-19 to date, it is already possible to observe some trends. One of them is the widespread mischaracterisation of the measures taken to address the epidemic at the point of its emergence in the Chinese city of Wuhan in January and February 2020. Public health measures of this kind, rather than constituting a ‘state of exception’ in which legality is set aside, are informed by practices which originated in the welfare or social states of industrialised countries, and which were successful in achieving a ‘mortality revolution’ in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relearning this history would seem to be essential for the future control of pandemics and other Anthropogenic risks.
The design and evaluation of a novel algorithm for automated preference card optimization
Authors: Scheinker David , Hollingsworth Matt , Brody Anna , Phelps Carey , Bryant William , Pei Francesca , Petersen Kristin , Reddy Alekhya , Wall James 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Inaccurate surgical preference cards (supply lists) are associated with higher direct costs, waste, and delays. Numerous preference card improvement projects have relied on institution-specific, manual approaches of limited reproducibility. We developed and tested an algorithm to facilitate the first automated, informatics-based, fully reproducible approach.

Methods
The algorithm cross-references the supplies used in each procedure and listed on each preference card and uses a time-series regression to estimate the likelihood that each quantity listed on the preference card is inaccurate. Algorithm performance was evaluated by measuring changes in direct costs between preference cards revised with the algorithm and preference cards that were not revised or revised without use of the algorithm. Results were evaluated with a difference-in-differences (DID) multivariate fixed-effects model of costs during an 8-month pre-intervention and a 15-month post-intervention period.

Results
The accuracies of the quantities of 469 155 surgeon–procedure-specific items were estimated. Nurses used these estimates to revise 309 preference cards across eight surgical services corresponding to, respectively, 1777 and 3106 procedures in the pre- and post-intervention periods. The average direct cost of supplies per case decreased by 8.38% ($352, SD $6622) for the intervention group and increased by 13.21% ($405, SD $14 706) for the control group (P &lt; .001). The DID analysis showed significant cost reductions only in the intervention group during the intervention period (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The optimization of preference cards with a variety of institution-specific, manually intensive approaches has led to cost savings. The automated algorithm presented here produced similar results that may be more readily reproducible.
Characteristics of Marjolin’s Ulcers in 21st Century: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Surgical Guideline Recommendation
Authors: Burusapat Chairat , Wanichjaroen Nutthapong , Wongprakob Nuttadon , Satayasoontorn Kantang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMarjolin’s ulcer is rare and aggressive malignancy. The objective was to conduct a review of Marjolin’s ulcer cases to gain a better understanding and its management. A retrospective study of patients with Marjolin’s ulcers at our hospital between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. For the systematic review, the electronic database of the National Library of Medicine was searched and articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included. A total of 14 patients were included in the retrospective study. Twelve patients were male. The mean age was 59.71 years. The latency period was 27.78 years. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma, and 71.43% had developed on the lower extremities. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas occurred in 38.46% of the cases Rates of lymphovascular and perineural invasion were 30.77 and 23.08%, respectively. Results from the literature search yielded 80 case reports (91 cases) and 42 retrospective reviews (1216 cases). Most cases were male and the most common location was lower extremities. The latency period for the acute and chronic periods was 2.75 months and 20.75 years, respectively. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (92.27% in the retrospective reviews) and 59.98% of the cases exhibited well-differentiation. Rates of regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases were 10.20 and 12.09%, respectively. Marjolin’s ulcer in 21st century is not so rare. The most common is well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Early flap surgery or skin grafts for chronic ulcers or burn scars are recommended to reduce risk. Guideline for surgical management is established.
Comparison Between Two Strategies of Topical Treatment in Tar Burn: A Case Report
Authors: Hohl Diogo Hummel , Coltro Pedro Soler , Gonçalves Henrique Ovidio Coraspe , Silva Gabriel Maziero Alves , da Silveira Vinícius Gomes , da Costa Diogo Pereira Higino , Farina-Junior Jayme Adriano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The management of tar burns presents a wide range of possible approaches, and several strategies can be used to reduce the damage regarding the removal of tar adhered to the patient’s skin. Tar residues should preferably be emulsified with solvent solutions. Due to the low incidence of tar burns, it has not yet been possible to select the appropriate agent for the removal of the adhered tar. In this article, we reported a case of a 47-year-old man with a tar burn in his forehead region and his both upper limbs treated with two different approaches and the outcomes. In the right upper limb, the removal of tar with oil-based on essential fatty acids was attempted at the time of hospital admission, whereas in the left upper limb, he was treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, sterile gauze, and bandage. On the right upper limb, the treatment was eventually performed with debridement and split-thickness skin grafting. On the left upper limb, there was complete re-epithelialization of the burns. The more conservative approach of keeping a dressing with 1% silver sulfadiazine on the tar itself, followed by removing the material in the dressing changes was considered better than the immediate removal of tar with an oily solution, especially about pain. Our impression was that the application of 1% silver sulfadiazine cream at the time of the admission, as well as in the following days, may be beneficial for the removal of the tar in close contact with the skin. Possibly, this approach leads to less trauma to the skin and, eventually, simplifies the treatment of burns by hot tar.