bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the molecular bushing of the bacterial flagellar motor
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoko , Makino Fumiaki , Miyata Tomoko , Minamino Tohru , Kato Takayuki , Namba Keiichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe bacterial flagellum is a motility organelle, consisting of the basal body acting as a rotary motor, the filament as a helical propeller and the hook connecting these two as a universal joint1,2. The basal body contains three rings: the MS ring as the transmembrane core of the rotor; the C ring essential for torque generation and switching regulation; and the LP ring as a bushing supporting the distal rod for its rapid, stable rotation without much friction. The negatively charged surface of the distal rod suggested electrostatic repulsive force in supporting high-speed rotation of the rod as a drive shaft3, but the LP ring structure was needed to see the actual mechanisms of its bushing function and assembly against the repulsive force. Here we report the LP ring structure by electron cryomicroscopy at 3.5 Å resolution, showing 26-fold rotational symmetry and intricate intersubunit interactions of each subunit with up to six partners that explains the structural stability. The inner surface is charged both positively and negatively, and positive charges on the P ring presumably play important roles in its initial assembly around the rod in the peptidoglycan layer followed by the L ring assembly in the outer membrane.
Loss of CDC50A function drives Aβ/p3 production via increased β/α-secretase processing of APP
Authors: Tambini Marc D. , D’Adamio Luciano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) undergoes extensive proteolytic processing to produce several biologically active metabolites which affect Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Sequential cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretases results in Aβ, while cleavage by α- and γ-secretases produces the smaller p3 peptide. Here we report that in cells in which the P4-ATPase flippase subunit CDC50A has been knocked out, large increases in the products of β- and α-secretase cleavage of APP (sAPPβ/βCTF and sAPPα/αCTF, respectively) and the downstream metabolites Aβ and p3 are seen. These data indicate that APP cleavage by β/α-secretase are increased and suggest that phospholipid asymmetry plays an important role in APP metabolism and Aβ production.
A ‘How-to’ Guide for Interpreting Parameters in Habitat-Selection Analyses
Authors: Fieberg John , Signer Johannes , Smith Brian , Avgar Tal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHabitat-selection analyses allow researchers to link animals to their environment via habitat-selection or step-selection functions, and are commonly used to address questions related to wildlife management and conservation efforts. Habitat-selection analyses that incorporate movement characteristics, referred to asintegrated step-selection analyses, are particularly appealing because they allow modeling of both movement and habitat-selection processes.Despite their popularity, many users struggle with interpreting parameters in habitat-selection and step-selection functions. Integrated step-selection analyses also require several additional steps to translate model parameters into a full-fledged movement model, and the mathematics supporting this approach can be challenging for many to understand.Using simple examples, we demonstrate how weighted distribution theory and the inhomogeneous Poisson point-process can facilitate parameter interpretation in habitat-selection analyses. Further, we provide a “how to” guide illustrating the steps required to implement integrated step-selection analyses using the amt package.By providing clear examples with open-source code, we hope to make habitat-selection analyses more understandable and accessible to end users.
Combinedin silicodocking and in vitro antiviral testing for drug repurposing identified lurasidone and elbasvir as SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 inhibitors
Authors: Milani Mario , Donalisio Manuela , Bonotto Rafaela Milan , Schneider Edoardo , Arduino Irene , Boni Francesco , Lembo David , Marcello Alessandro , Mastrangelo Eloise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current emergency of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 urged the need for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs as the first line of treatment. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that already challenged humanity in at least two other previous outbreaks and are likely to be a constant threat for the future. In this work we developed a pipeline based onin silicodocking of known drugs on SARS-CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase combined with in vitro antiviral assays on both SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Results showed that certain drugs displayed activity for both viruses at a similar inhibitory concentration, while others were specific. In particular, the antipsychotic drug lurasidone and the antiviral drug elbasvir showed promising activity in the low micromolar range against both viruses with good selective index.
Effects of additional load at different heights on gait initiation: a statistical parametric mapping of center of pressure and center of mass behavior
Authors: Vieira Marcus Fraga , Rodrigues Fábio Barbosa , de Oliveira Assis Alfredo , de Mendonça Mesquita Eduardo , Lemes Thiago Santana , De Villa Guilherme Augusto Gomes , Baptista Rafael Reimann , de Oliveira Andrade Adriano , da Costa Paula Hentschel Lobo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different vertical positions of an asymmetrical load on the anticipatory postural adjustments phase of gait initiation. Sixty-eight college students (32 males, 36 females; age: 23.65 ± 3.21 years old; weight: 69.98 ± 8.15 kg; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m) were enrolled in the study. Ground reaction forces and moments were collected using two force platforms. The participants completed three trials under each of the following random conditions: no-load (NL), waist uniformly distributed load (WUD), shoulder uniformly distributed load (SUD), waist stance foot load (WST), shoulder stance foot load (SST), waist swing foot load (WSW), and shoulder swing foot load (SSW). The paired Hotelling’s T-square test was used to compare the experimental conditions. The center of pressure (COP) time series were significantly different for the SUD vs. NL, SST vs. NL, WST vs. NL, and WSW vs. NL comparisons. Significant differences in COP time series were observed for all comparisons between waist vs. shoulder conditions. Overall, these differences were greater when the load was positioned at the shoulders. For the center of mass (COM) time series, significant differences were found for the WUD vs. NL and WSW vs. NL conditions. However, no differences were observed with the load positioned at the shoulders. In conclusion, only asymmetrical loading at the waist produced significant differences, and the higher the extra load, the greater the effects on COP behavior. By contrast, only minor changes were observed in COM behavior, suggesting that the changes in COP (the controller) behavior are adjustments to maintain the COM (controlled object) unaltered.
Interface modification of Cr/Ti multilayers with C barrier layer for enhanced reflectivity in the water window regime
Authors: Sarkar P. , Biswas A. , Abharana N. , Rai S. , Modi M. H. , Bhattacharyya D. 
Published: November 2020

The influence of a carbon barrier layer to improve the reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers, intended to be used in the water window wavelength regime, is investigated. Specular grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity results of Cr/Ti multilayers with 10 bilayers show that interface widths are reduced to ∼0.24 nm upon introduction of a ∼0.3 nm C barrier layer at each Cr-on-Ti interface. As the number of bilayers increases to 75, a multilayer with C barrier layers maintains almost the same interface widths with no cumulative increase in interface imperfections. Using such interface-engineered Cr/C/Ti multilayers, a remarkably high soft X-ray reflectivity of ∼31.6% is achieved at a wavelength of 2.77 nm and at a grazing angle of incidence of 16.2°, which is the highest reflectivity reported so far in the literature in this wavelength regime. Further investigation of the multilayers by diffused grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity and grazing-incidence extended X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements using synchrotron radiation suggests that the improvement in interface microstructure can be attributed to significant suppression of inter-diffusion at Cr/Ti interfaces by the introduction of C barrier layers and also due to the smoothing effect of the C layer promoting two-dimensional growth of the multilayer.
Study of three types of wave leading edge on the performance of industrial turbine blade cascade
Authors: Ghandi Hamed , Aghaei Togh Reza , Mesgarpoor Tousi Abolghasem 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The blade profile and its geometrical features play an important role in the separation of the boundary layer on the blade. Modifying the blade geometry, which might lead to the delay or elimination of the flow separation, can be considered as a passive flow control methodology. This study aims to find a novel and inexpensive way to reduce loss with appropriate modifications on the leading edge of the turbine blade.

Design/methodology/approach
Three types of wave leading edges were designed with different wavelengths and amplitudes. The selected numbers for the wave characteristics were based on the best results of previous studies. Models with appropriate and independent meshing have been simulated and studied by a commercial software. The distribution of the loss at different planes and mid-plane velocity vectors were shown. The mass flow average of loss at different incidence angles was calculated for the reference blade and modified ones for the sake of comparison.

Findings
The results show that in all three types of modified blades compared to the reference blade, the elimination of flow separation is observed and therefore the reduction of loss at the critical incidence angle of I = –15°. As the amplitude of the wave increased, the amount of loss growing up, while the increase in wavelength caused the loss to decrease.

Originality/value
The results of the present numerical analysis were validated by the laboratory results of the reference blade. The experimental study of modified blades can be used to quantify numerical solutions.
Teachers' multicultural sensitivity predicts developmentally appropriate beliefs and practices in the classroom
Authors: Leung Chi Hung 
Published: November 2020

PurposeIn the current study, the author tests a conceptual model in which teachers' knowledge and skills of multiculturalism and teaching relationship (cultural harmony) are associated with developmentally appropriate practices (DAPs), developmentally appropriate (DABs), developmentally inappropriate beliefs and developmentally inappropriate practices (DIPs) in the classroom.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 347 preschool teachers from 12 preschools including 342 women ( 98.6%) and five men (1.4%) aged 24–45 years located across all five districts of Hong Kong. The hypothesized model of multicultural teaching competency as a predictor of DABs and DAPs is confirmed in the present study.FindingsMulticultural teaching knowledge can enhance developmentally appropriate teaching beliefs and practices and reduce DIPs. It is highly recommended that multicultural education can be embedded in early childhood education (ECE) programs for both in-service and preservice teachers.Originality/valueA new conceptual model of teachers' knowledge and skills of multiculturalism and teaching relationship (cultural harmony) associated with DABs, developmentally inappropriate beliefs and DAPs in the classroom was firstly examined.
Factors affecting the purchase of private label food products
Authors: Sansone Marcello , Musso Fabio , Colamatteo Annarita , Pagnanelli Maria Anna 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis research paper aims to understand which factors influence the purchase of private label food products, by measuring the importance of 14 variables for purchasing frequency.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through questionnaires to a sample of consumers. They have been analysed according to the extra tree classifier methodology, which allows providing a more reliable classification – compared to previous studies – of factors affecting consumers' choices of private label products.FindingsResults show that consumers' choices related to private label food products are influenced by groups of heterogeneous variables related to their perception on products, satisfaction of post-consumption, store's role and trust built over time by retailers.Research limitations/implicationsData have been collected through an online survey, which could generate the bias of self-selection; the sampling method is non-probabilistic.Practical implicationsThe study provides useful indications on the role of private labels in retailer management policies and on marketing competences and skills that are necessary for managing retailers' assortments.Originality/valueThe existing literature lacks clarity on the factors that influence the frequency of purchasing private label food products. By considering a higher number of variables than previous studies, it has been possible to classify and measure the importance of each variable included in the analysis framework adopted, also in case of correlation between variables.
The role of identity and gender in seafood cooking skills
Authors: Wien Anders , Alm Siril , Altintzoglou Themistoklis 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore whether consumers' confidence in cooking skills related to seafood differed across genders, and if such difference could be explained by the identity-relevance of seafood cooking for men.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data was collected from a balanced sample of 515 Norwegian consumers.FindingsThe results showed that men (versus women) with high confidence in their seafood cooking skills have a lower preference for convenient seafood solutions, indicating that these men may be more reluctant to use food products that could hinder the cooking outcome being attributed to their cooking skills.Originality/valueThis study adds nuance to the understanding of male consumers as highly reliant on convenience products when cooking. More specifically, this study provides novel insight into how men function differently than women in relation to preparing seafood, suggesting that some men resist using convenient seafood solutions in order to express an identity as skillful in the kitchen.
The challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic: how to decide who deserves life-saving medical devices?
Authors: Pinho Micaela 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe current COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of discussing the problems surrounding the scarcity of healthcare resources. Healthcare rationing has been a constant issue, but in the present pandemic, the need to choose who to treat and who to let die became a pressing reality. What criteria to adopt or what protocol to follow is a difficult challenge politicians face because it involves moral judgments and/or ethical values. As there are multiple ethically permissible criteria to allocate life-saving medical resources and we will all bear the consequences of these rationing decisions, it is important to explore the appropriateness of each of these approaches. Here, the author describes the main rationing criteria proposed in the literature and explores their applicability to an absolute scarcity of resources as the current one. Finally, the author describes the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and proposes some guidelines to ensure a fair allocation of resources.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was made regarding some rationing protocols, and a qualitative research was followed to collect data regarding the number of daily infected and daily deaths by COVID-19.FindingsPortugal has not, fortunately and so far, been as badly hit by COVID-19 as other European Countries. However a rigorous and explicit protocol is lacking to help health professionals at the frontline to take legitimate rationing decisions.Practical implicationsThe author contributes for the discussion about life-or-death decisions by proposing some clinical practice lines that may be applied fairly and consistently.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to emphasize the need to set life-or-death guidelines in Portugal in a public health emergency and to propose some of these guidelines.
Posttraumatic stress among Eritrean unaccompanied refugee minors in Ethiopia
Authors: Arega Natnael Terefe 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are known to be subjected to several potentially traumatic life events, risking more mental health problems than other populations of same age. Evidence concerning the mental health of Eritrean URMs in Ethiopia is scarce. This paper aims to present an estimate of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within this group and describes its associations with traumatic life events and participants’ characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional quantitative study surveyed a random sample of 384 Eritrean URMs, aged 12–17 years, in the Shimelba refugee camp. The Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire and the Reactions of Adolescents to Traumatic Stress (RATS) questionnaire were used to assess traumatic events and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test with the odds-ratio and stepwise regression were used to analyze data.

Findings
Large proportions of the URMs had experienced traumatic events including physical abuse (261, 68%), separation from family against will (240, 62.5%), a stressful life event in which they were in danger (198, 51.6%), and important changes in family life (196, 51%). About 38% of the URMs met the criteria for classifying probable PTSD diagnosis, suggesting that they are likely to have PTSD. The odds-ratio statistic revealed that girls and the oldest age group (15–17 years) were at a greater risk for PTSD. The total score on the SLE appeared to be the robust predictor, explaining 28% of the variance in RATS total scores.

Research limitations/implications
Self-report questionnaires used in this study yield less diagnostic information than extensive interviews. Additional information should be collected from the viewpoint of significant adults (caregivers/ teachers). Such information would be crucial in assessing the degree of impairment in daily functioning and the severity of the symptoms.

Originality/value
Awareness of the stressful experiences and the mental health status of the URMs has implications for taking preventive and curative measures to provide a broad range of intervention programs and psychosocial support.
Failure to lead on COVID-19: what went wrong with the United States?
Authors: Schismenos Spyros , Smith Antoine A. , Stevens Garry J. , Emmanouloudis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the federal decisions to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response in the United States and consider the different approaches employed by the California state government.Design/methodology/approachThis paper focuses on COVID-19-related issues, responses and implications in federal countries, and largely draws comparisons between the Trump Administration and California state.FindingsThe slow response of the federal government could have been avoided, had there been a current and tested national plan. The defunding of the Office of Pandemics and Emerging Threats, and the lack of coordination between the Trump Administration and the states have contributed to its ranking as the country with the highest COVID-19 infection and fatality rates worldwide. California state oversaw an effective initial pandemic response, which was ultimately undermined by a lack of national support and the refusal of some citizens to comply with the restrictions.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper draws upon open-source information published on government websites and news media.Originality/valueAs the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States is currently ongoing, information about the federal governance and state response is still evolving. The authors examine California as a state exemplar, since it is the largest such jurisdiction by populace and the first state to issue statewide mandatory lockdown measures. This comparison offers insights as to the decisive initiatives that could have occurred at the federal level. The “lessons learned” highlight the critical role of crisis leadership in societal and public health preparedness for future pandemic events.
Does institutional theory explain integrated reporting adoption of Fortune 500 companies?
Authors: Kılıç Merve , Uyar Ali , Kuzey Cemil , Karaman Abdullah S. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate whether the institutional environment is associated with the adoption of integrated reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the study is based on the firms included in the list of Fortune Global 500. The logistic regression analysis was run to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicated that the code-law orientation and strength of the institutional quality are significantly associated (i.e. positively and negatively, respectively) with the integrated reporting of Fortune 500 companies. Firms are motivated for more transparency in stakeholder-oriented and weakly regulated contexts. Thus, stakeholder pressure is more influential than shareholder interest in motivating or forcing firms to issue integrated reports. Besides, there appears to be a trade-off between the public sector and the private sector in terms of ensuring an accountable and transparent business environment. If the public sector does not undertake its role in ensuring a transparent business environment, the private sector fills the gap. The results are robust to alternative sampling and methodologies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implied that the stakeholder orientation of countries fosters the transparency and accountability of firms. Corporate behavior is impacted by the institutional strength or weakness of nations. The institutional theory provides an appropriate ground to understand drivers of corporate reporting practices of firms beyond firm-level characteristics.Practical implicationsThe adoption of integrated reporting framework by Fortune 500 companies can be leveraged to alleviate concerns about their social and environmental impacts. Policy-makers in the countries which have a weak institutional environment force or encourage their firms to increasingly meet the transparency and accountability demands of society.Social implicationsThe research findings might play an encouraging role in that various stakeholders (i.e. customers, public, civil organizations and press) should undertake active roles and responsibilities to encourage firms to behave in socially and environmentally responsible ways.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature by examining the influence of the institutional environment on the adoption of integrated reporting, using recent international data, and focusing on the largest companies according to the Fortune's annual Global 500 list. This study is one of the first to examine the association between a set of governance characteristics (i.e. board size, board independence and board diversity) and integrated reporting adoption.