bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Una revisión rítmica de dos poemas en prosa de Ramos Sucre: ‘El asno’ y ‘El jugador’, de "El cielo de esmalte"
Authors: Guerrero Almagro Berta 
Published: January 2020

En este artículo llevamos a cabo una revisión del concepto de ritmo en la poesía de José Antonio Ramos Sucre (Cumaná, 1890-Ginebra, 1930). La modalidad empleada por el poeta es el poema en prosa y, como demostraremos, este se construye sin dejar de lado una noción importante para la elaboración poética: el ritmo. Analizamos a continuación dos poemas de El cielo de esmalte (1929): “El asno” y “El jugador”.
In this article we carry out a revision of the concept of rhythm in the poetry of José Antonio Ramos Sucre (Cumaná, 1890-Geneva, 1930). The mode used by the poet is the poem in prose and, as we will demonstrate, this is built without leaving aside an important notion for poetic elaboration: rhythm. We then analyze two poems from El cielo de esmalte (1929): "El asno" and "El jugador".
Se former pour éduquer : la spatialité comme ressource(s). Exercices de pensée critique géographique d’étudiantes et d’étudiants
Authors: Le Guern Anne-Laure 
Published: January 2020

La question posée dans cet article est de savoir si les étudiantes et les étudiants qui se forment pour enseigner la discipline scolaire appelée, en France, « histoire-géographie » ont une appréhension particulière de leur futur métier d’enseignant en raison même de leur discipline de formation et d’exercice professionnel. Les savoirs disciplinaires leur servent-ils de ressources professionnelles? L’étude d’un corpus de portfolios de formation et d’évaluation d’étudiantes et d’étudiants se préparant à l’exercice du métier montre des usages différenciés de la spatialité. L’article expose une grille d’analyse qui permet d’identifier les mobilisations disciplinaires et les conditions d’un exercice de pensée réflexive et critique à fort enjeu éducatif.
Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed genes involved in the fruiting body development ofOphiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Tong Xinxin , Zhang Han , Wang Fang , Xue Zhengyao , Cao Jing , Peng Cheng , Guo Jinlin 
Published: January 2020

Ophiocordyceps sinensisis a highly valued fungus that has been used as traditional Asian medicine. This fungus is one of the most important sources of income for the nomadic populations of the Tibetan Plateau. With global warming and excessive collection, the wildO. sinensisresources declined dramatically. The cultivation ofO. sinensishasn’t been fully operational due to the unclear genetic basis of the fruiting body development. Here, our study conducted pairwise comparisons between transcriptomes acquired from different growth stages ofO. sinensisincluding asexual mycelium (CM), developing fruiting body (DF) and mature fruiting body (FB). All RNA-Seq reads were aligned to the genome ofO. sinensisCO18 prior to comparative analyses. Cluster analysis showed that the expression profiles of FB and DF were highly similar compared to CM. Alternative splicing analysis (AS) revealed that the stage-specific splicing genes may have important functions in the development of fruiting body. Functional enrichment analyses showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in protein synthesis and baseline metabolism during fruiting body development, indicating that more protein and energy might be required for fruiting body development. In addition, some fruiting body development-associated genes impacted by ecological factors were up-regulated in FB samples, such as the nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene (ndk), β subunit of the fatty acid synthase gene (cel-2) and the superoxide dismutase gene (sod). Moreover, the expression levels of several cytoskeletons genes were significantly altered during all these growth stages, suggesting that these genes play crucial roles in both vegetative growth and the fruiting body development. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the gene expression profile and the results supported the accuracy of the RNA-Seq and DEGs analysis. Our study offers a novel perspective to understand the underlying growth stage-specific molecular differences and the biology ofO. sinensisfruiting body development.
A
zotobacter

Cysts
Authors: Segura Daniel , Núñez Cinthia , Espín Guadalupe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Azotobacter
is a genus of soil bacteria able to form cysts, which are dormant cells resistant to deleterious conditions. A cyst consists of a contracted oval cell, covered with a two‐layered capsule. Although many physiological and morphological studies about encystment were published decades ago, the biosynthetic pathways of the major components of the cyst (alginate, polyhydroxybutyrate and the phenolic lipids alkylresorcinols and alkylpyrones) and how they are regulated, remained largely unknown. More recent work elucidated their biosyntheses and the regulators controlling their formation and changes occurring during encystment, such as the loss of flagella. Among these regulators are the alternative sigma factors AlgU and RpoS, the global regulatory systems Gac/Rsm and the transcriptional regulators AlgR, ArpR and CydR. Lately, stress‐related proteins have been shown to contribute to the resistance of the cysts. A recent proteomic analysis confirmed many of the metabolic and structural changes observed and revealed new participants in the resistance mechanisms of the cysts.

Key Concepts

The encysting process results in a dormant cell more resistant to adverse conditions than the vegetative cell.

During the encysting process, a coordinated array of metabolic and morphological changes take place to produce a dormant cell.

The central body of the cyst is surrounded by a protective two‐layered capsule, which is composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

The exopolysaccharide alginate constitutes a structural part of the cyst envelope and is essential for desiccation resistance.

Several regulators of gene expression control the differentiation process, leading to the production of cyst.

Heat‐shock and LEA proteins prevent misfolding and aggregation of proteins exposed to stress (osmotic, freezing, heat, UV radiation, desiccation, etc.) in multiple organisms, including bacteria plants and animals.
Bacterial Intracellular Membranes
Authors: Stolz John F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article describes the occurrence, structure, arrangement and function of bacterial intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMS) including magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria, the thylakoids of cyanobacteria and chloroxybacteria, the ICMS of purple bacteria and chemoautotrophic bacteria, the chlorosomes of green bacteria and the anammoxosome of ammonia‐oxidising bacteria.Key ConceptsIntracellular membranes provide additional surface area for key biological processes.Phototrophic bacteria exhibit a diversity of light‐harvesting structures with unique pigment composition.Although the presence of thylakoids, intracellular cytoplasmic membranes and chlorosomes can indicate photosystem, they are not useful as a taxonomic trait.Magnetosomes control both the morphology and composition of the magnetic mineral.The anammoxosome is most likely the site of ammonia oxidation.
Room‐Temperature Operation of a p‐Type Molecular Spin Photovoltaic Device on a Transparent Substrate
Authors: Bairagi Kaushik , Romero David Garcia , Calavalle Francesco , Catalano Sara , Zuccatti Elisabetta , Llopis Roger , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe coupling of diverse degrees of freedom opens the door to physical effects that go beyond each of them individually, making multifunctionality a much sought‐after attribute for high‐performance devices. Here, the multifunctional operation of a single‐layer p‐type organic device, displaying both spin transport and photovoltaic effect at the room temperature on a transparent substrate, is shown. The generated photovoltage is almost three times larger than the applied bias to the device which facilitates the modulation of the magnetic response of the device with both bias and light. The device shows an increase in power conversion efficiency under magnetic field, an ability to invert the current with magnetic field and under certain conditions it can act as a spin photodetector with zero power consumption in the standby mode. The room‐temperature exploitation of the interplay among light, bias, and magnetic field in the single device with a p‐type molecule opens a way toward the development of efficient high‐performance spin photovoltaic cells.
Fano‐Enhanced Circular Dichroism in Deformable Stereo Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Zhiguang , Xu Yi , Ji Chang‐Yin , Chen Shanshan , Li Xiangping , Zhang Xiangdong , Yao Yugui , Li Jiafang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2D metasurfaces have emerged as a paradigm‐shifting platform for light management with considerable miniaturization and alleviated fabrication challenges than their 3D counterparts. However, the appearance of in‐plane mirror symmetry and reduced dimensions impose fundamental restraints to advanced chiroptical responses and reconfiguration capabilities. Here, a new concept of Fano‐enhanced circular dichroism by introducing a reconfigurable stereo metasurface, which possesses deformable out‐of‐plane twists that are readily achieved by a simple nano‐kirigami fabrication method, is demonstrated. The stereo height and twisting geometries can be reproducibly controlled, providing a facile and automated fashion to tailor the distinct profiles of Fano resonances under circularly polarized incidence. As a result, a recorded high efficiency of circular dichroism generation per unit sample thickness is achieved with Fano resonances in opposite lineshapes. Leveraging this feature, large‐range reconfiguration of circular dichroism at optical wavelengths is demonstrated through reversible compression of the stereo metasurfaces with a fiber tip. The studied stereo metasurface unfolds a new degree of freedom for advanced photonic applications in a quasi‐flat optical platform, and the proposed concept of Fano‐enhanced circular dichroism opens new venues to explore interesting fundamental phenomena of chiral optics.
Electrochemical Selective Oxidative Functionalization of Caffeine
Authors: Liang Xing‐An , Liu Dingdong , Sun He , Jiang Chongyu , Chen Hong , Niu Linbin , Mahato Karuna , Abdelilah Takfaoui , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDirect electrochemical oxidative functionalization of caffeine under metal‐free and external‐oxidant‐free conditions was achieved. Nucleophiles such as various substituted pyrazoles, alcohols, and sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate can be utilized with high diastereoselectivity for the dearomatizative functionalization of caffeine. In addition, selective C2 functionalization of caffeine has also been realized with the modification of solvent and reaction time. A gram‐scale experiment demonstrates the potential application in the derivatization of caffeine.magnified image
Phosphorus runoff risk assessment in karstic regions of the United States
Authors: Sharpley Andrew N. , Hays Phillip D. , VanDevender Karl W. , Daniels Mike B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Phosphorus (P) Index risk assessment tool has been widely adopted across the United States to identify and rank site vulnerability to P runoff as part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service nutrient management planning (NMP) process. However, limited success has been achieved in addressing the risk of P loss by subsurface flow pathways, despite its relative importance in certain areas of the United States, particularly in those U.S. states dominated by karst terrain. Here we review how states with varying land areas classified as having karst features address the risk of P runoff during the NMP process. Indices adopted in Illinois and Indiana require setbacks (widths 15–72 m) around surface karst features. The remaining states with karst address the risk of P loss in NMP development rather than the application of a P Index. Given the spatially variable hydrogeologic properties of karst, technically rigorous field‐scale factors are unlikely to be developed in the near future.
Development of Safe and Sustainable Dual‐Ion Batteries Through Hybrid Aqueous/Nonaqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Wrogemann Jens Matthies , Künne Sven , Heckmann Andreas , Rodríguez‐Pérez Ismael A. , Siozios Vassilios , Yan Bo , Li Jie , Winter Martin , Beltrop Kolja , Placke Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a new dual‐ion battery (DIB) concept based on an aqueous/non‐aqueous electrolyte is reported, combining high safety in the form of a nonflammable water‐in‐salt electrolyte, a high cathodic stability by forming a protective interphase on the negative electrode (non‐aqueous solvent), and improved sustainability by using a graphite‐based positive electrode material. Far beyond the anodic stability limit of water, the formation of a stage‐2 acceptor‐type graphite intercalation compound (GIC) of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI) anions from an aqueous‐based electrolyte is achieved for the first time, as confirmed by ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction. The choice of negative electrode material shows a huge impact on the performance of the DIB cell chemistry, i.e., discharge capacities up to 40 mAh g−1 are achieved even at a high specific current of 200 mA g−1. In particular, lithium titanium phosphate (LiTi2(PO4)3; LTP) and lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12; LTO) are evaluated as negative electrodes, exhibiting specific advantages for this DIB setup. In this work, a new DIB storage concept combining an environmentally friendly, transition‐metal‐free, abundant graphite positive electrode material, and a nonflammable water‐based electrolyte is established, thus paving the path toward a sustainable and safe alternative energy storage technology.
Asclepiadospermumgen. nov., the earliest fossil record of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from the early Eocene of central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, and its biogeographic implications
Authors: Del Rio Cédric , Wang Teng‐Xiang , Liu Jia , Liang Shui‐Qing , Spicer Robert A. , Wu Fei‐Xiang , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Su Tao 
Published: January 2020

PremiseApocynaceae is common in the fossil record, especially as seed remains from the Neogene of Europe and North America, but rare in Asia. Intrafamilial assignment is difficult due to the lack of diagnostic characters, and new fossil and modern data are needed to understand the paleobiogeography of this group.MethodsWe studied three Apocynaceae seed impressions from the Lower Eocene Niubao Formation, Jianglang village, Bangor County, central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Morphological data from living and fossil species were phylogenetically mapped to enable systematic assignment.ResultsWe describe a new genus,Asclepiadospermumgen. nov., and two new species,A. marginatumsp. nov. andA. ellipticumsp. nov. These species are characterized by an elliptical seed, a margin surrounding the central part of the seed, and polygonal, irregular, and small epidermal cells, and differ mainly in terms of the size of the margin and the shape of the apex. All these characters indicate that this new genus belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae).ConclusionsThese fossils represent the earliest fossil seed records of Asclepiadoideae.Asclepiadospermumindicates a humid tropical to subtropical flora during the early Eocene in central Tibet. Moreover, our discoveries indicate a close floristic connection between Eurasia and Africa during the early Eocene, which expands our knowledge of the floristic linkage between Tibet and other regions at that time.
Coenzyme und ihre Rolle in der Evolution des Lebens
Authors: Kirschning Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Evolution der Coenzyme oder ihr Einfluss auf den Ursprung des Lebens ist grundlegend für das Verständnis unserer eigenen Existenz. Hypothesen über die Entstehung präbiotischer chemischer Bausteine, die unter paläogeochemischen Bedingungen wahrscheinlich entstanden – hierzu zählen auch niedermolekulare Verbindungen wie die Coenzyme – führen zu komplexeren Makromolekülen wie RNA. Damit erhält die Frage der Herkunft von Coenzymen und ihrer Beziehung in der Evolution der funktionellen Biochemie neuen Auftrieb. Viele Coenzyme weisen eine einfache chemische Struktur auf und leiten sich von Nukleotiden ab, was darauf hindeutet, dass sie mit der Entstehung der RNA koexistiert und eine zentrale Rolle im frühen Metabolismus gespielt haben könnten. Auf der Grundlage aktueller Theorien der präbiotischen Evolution werden in diesem Aufsatz plausible Hypothesen über die präbiotische Bildung von Schlüsselelementen innerhalb ausgewählter Coenzyme diskutiert. In Kombination mit präbiotischer RNA haben Coenzyme möglicherweise die frühen protometabolischen Netzwerke und die katalytischen Möglichkeiten der RNA während der Evolution des Lebens deutlich erweitert.
Probing Long‐Range Anisotropic Interactions: a General and Sign‐Sensitive Strategy to Measure 1H–1H Residual Dipolar Couplings as a Key Advance for Organic Structure Determination
Authors: Sinnaeve Davy , Ilgen Julian , Di Pietro Maria Enrica , Primozic Johann J. , Schmidts Volker , Thiele Christina M. , Luy Burkhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResidual dipolar couplings (RDCs) are amongst the most powerful NMR parameters for organic structure elucidation. In order to maximize their effectiveness in increasingly complex cases such as flexible compounds, a maximum of RDCs between nuclei sampling a large distribution of orientations is needed, including sign information. For this, the easily accessible one‐bond 1H–13C RDCs alone often fall short. Long‐range 1H–1H RDCs are both abundant and typically sample highly complementary orientations, but accessing them in a sign‐sensitive way has been severely obstructed due to the overflow of 1H–1H couplings. Here, we present a generally applicable strategy that allows the measurement of a large number of 1H–1H RDCs, including their signs, which is based on a combination of an improved PSYCHEDELIC method and a new selective constant‐time β‐COSY experiment. The potential of 1H–1H RDCs to better determine molecular alignment and to discriminate between enantiomers and diastereomers is demonstrated.
Synthesis of Edible Vegetable Oils Enriched with Healthy 1,3‐Diglycerides Using Crude Glycerol and Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Dosso Liza A. , Luggren Pablo J. , Di Cosimo Juana Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCommercial edible vegetable oils in which part of their triglycerides are substituted with 1,3‐diglycerides are healthier for human consumption than the original oils. This is because the human metabolism of 1,3‐diglycerides is believed to occur through a distinct pathway with less probability of being deposited as fat in the body tissues. To obtain these enriched oils, conversion of triglycerides into diglycerides is carried out by glycerolysis using commercial crude glycerol containing dissolved alkali cations that homogeneously catalyze the reaction. The addition of a food production‐compatible MgO as a supplementary solid basic catalyst, shortens the reaction time by half due to a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis processes. In either homogeneously or homogeneous‐heterogeneously catalyzed glycerolysis, the increase of the reaction temperature in the range of 453–493 K increases the final 1,3‐diglyceride content. Furthermore, in both glycerolysis processes the triglyceride content can be decreased in more than 60% with the consequent increase of total diglycerides to 50%, 70% of which are the 1,3‐isomers. The glycerolysis reaction proceeds without altering the fatty acid distribution of the original oils.
Use of photodegradable inhibitors in UV‐curable compositions to form polymeric 2D‐structures by visible light
Authors: Mensov Sergey Nickolayevich , Abakumov Gleb A. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Baten'kin Maxim A. , Chesnokov Sergey A. , Konev Alexey N. , Polushtaytsev Yuri V. , Shurygina Margarita P. , Zakharina Maria Yu. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe process of two‐wave photopolymerization of a UV‐curable composition with an optically degrading inhibitor is considered. By numerical simulation, it is shown that in the composition layer uniformly exposed to UV‐radiation, such systems allow getting segments with different conversion under the action of inhomogeneous visible light. Based on the data on the photopolymerization kinetics of the compositions from triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and bisphenol‐A glycidyl dimethacrylate (bis‐GMA) with the UV‐initiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA), it was shown that 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone (35Q) with N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA, “Aldrich”, 99%) can serve as an inhibitor that degrades under action of visible radiation. Combining inhomogeneous visible light generated with a conventional DLP‐projector and uniform UV‐radiation of LED (365 nm) the two‐wave lithographic process was implemented to create polymeric 2D‐structures in 20 μm layer of the compositions from TEGDMA (70)/bis‐GMA (30)/DMPA (0.05 wt%)/35Q (0.5 wt%)/DMA (1 wt%).
Development of small‐scale models to understand the impact of continuous downstream bioprocessing on integrated virus filtration
Authors: Lute Scott , Kozaili Julie , Johnson Sarah , Kobayashi Kazuya , Strauss Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe designed small‐scale virus filtration models to investigate the impact of the extended process times and dynamic product streams present in continuous manufacturing. Our data show that the Planova 20N and BioEX virus filters are capable of effectively removing bacteriophage PP7 (>4 log) when run continuously for up to 4 days. Additionally, both Planova 20N and BioEX filters were able to successfully process a mock elution peak of increased protein, salt, and bacteriophage concentrations with only an increase in filtration pressure observed during the higher protein concentration peak. These experiments demonstrated that small‐scale viral clearance studies can be designed to model a continuous virus filtration step with specific process parameters.
New aluminum mesh from recyclable material for immobilization of TiO2 in heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Barbosa Ada A. , de Aquino Ramon V. S. , Silva Marina G. , do Nascimento Júnior Welenilton J. , Duarte Marta M. M. B. , Dantas Renato F. , da Rocha Otidene R. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study presents a new aluminium mesh made out of soda can rings as a support for titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the degradation of the synthetic dyes Bordeaux Red (BR) and Tartrazine (TT). Three pre‐treatments including calcination and acidification steps were investigated in order to select the most efficient immobilization procedure for photocatalysis application. Raw and titania‐aluminum meshes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The material presented itself as a suitable alternative in the immobilization of titania for wastewater treatment. Preliminary tests selected H2O2/TiO2(suspension) oxidation systems under natural sunlight and germicidal lamps (UVC) exhibiting 97.2% and 99.5% of degradation in 180 minutes, respectively. Immobilized TiO2 systems reached high degradation rates (>99%) after 180 minutes in both UVC and solar light‐based processes. An experimental planning study was carried out for the processes in order to find the best operational conditions and pseudo‐first‐order model fit well the removal data (discolouration rates of in the order of 0.0274 and 0.0145 min−1 for UVC and solar light systems, respectively). Parameters such as TOC, COD, and turbidity, revealed a great improvement in the environmental quality of the water after the treatment and acute toxicity bioassays demonstrated a significant decrease in toxicity for both systems after the treatments. The TiO2‐meshes demonstrated high performance in the removal after five cycles of operation. Therefore, the new immobilization procedure demonstrated that the TiO2‐aluminum mesh is a feasible option for wastewater treatment and photocatalysis.