bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed arthrodesis in infected neuropathic ankles using Ilizarov ring fixation
Authors: Alammar Yaser , Sudnitsyn Anatoliy , Neretin Andrey , Leonchuk Sergey , Kliushin Nikolay Mikhailovich 
Published: March 2020

Aims Infected and deformed neuropathic feet and ankles are serious challenges for surgical management. In this study we present our experience in performing ankle arthrodesis in a closed manner, without surgical preparation of the joint surfaces by cartilaginous debridement, but instead using an Ilizarov ring fixator (IRF) for deformity correction and facilitating fusion, in arthritic neuropathic ankles with associated osteomyelitis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who underwent closed ankle arthrodesis (CAA) in Ilizarov Scientific Centre from 2013 to 2018 (Group A) and compared them with a similar group of patients (Group B) who underwent open ankle arthrodesis (OAA). We then divided the neuropathic patients into three arthritic subgroups: Charcot joint, Charcot-Maire-Tooth disease, and post-traumatic arthritis. All arthrodeses were performed by using an Ilizarov ring fixator. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 12 months to assess union and function. Results The union rate for Group A was 81% (17/21) while it was 84.6% (33/39) for Group B. All the nonunions in Group A underwent revision with an open technique and achieved 100% union. Mean duration of IRF was 71.5 days (59 to 82) in Group A and 69 days (64.8 to 77.7) in Group B. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was similar in both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was shorter in Group A (21 days (SD 8)) than Group B (28 days (SD 9)). In the latter Group there were more problems with wound healing and greater requirement for antibiotic treatment. The mean operating time was 40 minutes (SD 9) in Group A compared to 80 minutes (SD 13) in Group B. Recurrence of infection occurred in 19% (4/21) and 15.5% (6/39) for Group A and Group B respectively. Conclusion We found CAA using an IRF to be an effective method for ankle arthrodesis in infected neuropathic foot and ankle cases and afforded comparable results to open methods. Due to its great advantages, Ilizarov method of CAA should always be considered for neuropathic ankles in suitable patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):470–477.
Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on microtensile bond strength of resin composite to dentin: an in vitro study
Authors: Mohamed Amr Mohsen , Nabih Sameh Mahoud , Wakwak Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on microtensile bond strength of resin composite to dentin using self etch adhesive after aging. Material and Methods: A total number of 90 freshly extracted, sound human molar teeth. Flat tooth surface was gained after cut of the occlusal surface. Three main groups according to pretreatment of dentin before adhesive application; 0.2 % chitosan, 2.5 % chitosan and no treatment control group. Universal self etch adhesive were applied according to manufacture instruction and 4 mm of Feltik Z250 xt composite. Storage of specimens for 1 day, 3 months and 6 months in 37O C distilled water. After that, the tooth was sectioned to beams of 1 mm x8 mm sticks for microtensile bond strength test using universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evalute the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on dentin and smear layer. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the three groups as well as the three aging periods. Dunn’s test was used for pair-wise comparisons. The significance level was set at P ? 0.05. Results: chitosan 0.2% is statistically significant increase in bond strength than chitosan 2.5% and control in one day group. Three months chitosan 0.2 % groups have statistically significant increase in bond strength than chitosan 2.5%. It was found in 6 months that control and chitosan 0.2 % have statistically significant increase in bond strength than chitosan 2.5%. There was statistically significant difference found between the three studied groups regarding bond strength at different storage times . Conclusion: Microtensile bond strength was influenced by different chitosan concentration. Different aging periods had no effect on the microtensile bond strength without application of chitosan and with application of 2.5% chitosan concentration.KEYWORDSChitosan nanoparticles; Microtensile bond strength; MMPs.
A Country-Comparative Analysis of the Transposition of the EU Non-Financial Directive: An Institutional Approach
Authors: Aureli Selena , Salvatori Federica , Magnaghi Elisabetta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
CSR practices and reporting vary across countries and companies. Accouting studies using institutional theory show that even where there are coercive pressures to converge, local practices and traditions are other types of pressures that play a role in maintaining divergence. Similarly, legal studies indicate that harmonisation attempts made by the European Union are usually challenged by States attempting to maintain the status quo of the local context, and this may also apply to CSR reporting harmonization.
This research investigates whether or not the institutional pressure toward non-financial reporting harmonization represented by the Directive/2014/95/EU led to convergent behaviours between Member States, at least at the transposition stage. Transposition laws in Member States where CSR has historically played a limited role (i. e. Romania and Bulgaria) are compared with those issued by countries where CSR traditions are much more well developed (France, Belgium and the UK). The analysis focuses on how both mandatory and discretionary requirements have been transposed at a national level.
The transposition outcome is analysed in the face of economic-, government- and society-related factors of each country and results show that on several occasions, divergence is catalysed by differences in national business systems. This is aligned with the results of previous studies (e. g. Jamali and Neville, 2011), which argue that historical, cultural, economic and political local contexts mould the CSR conceptualisation existing in a given country, and therefore the convergence of different CSR practices is only apparent.
On a fractional thin film equation
Authors: Segatti Antonio , Vázquez Juan Luis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation of orderαbetween 2 and 4 which is a kind of fractional version of the Thin Film Equation. Actually, this one corresponds to the limit valueα= 4 while the Porous Medium Equation is the limitα= 2. We prove existence of a nonnegative weak solution for a general class of initial data, and establish its main properties. We also construct the special solutions in self-similar form which turn out to be explicit and compactly supported. As in the porous medium case, they are supposed to give the long time behaviour or the wide class of solutions. This last result is proved to be true under some assumptions.Lastly, we consider nonlocal equations with the same nonlinear structure but with order from 4 to 6. For these equations we construct self-similar solutions that are positive and compactly supported, thus contributing to the higher order theory.
Role of carbon and nitrogen in the improvement of corrosion resistance of new powder metallurgy Co-Cr-Mo alloys
Authors: Garcia-Cabezon Cristina , Garcia-Hernandez Celia , Rodriguez-Mendez Maria L. , Herranz Gemma , Martin-Pedrosa Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrostructural changes that result in relevant improvements in mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior can be induced using different sintering conditions of ASTM F75 cobalt alloys during their processing using powder metallurgy technique. It has been observed that the increase in carbon and nitrogen content improves corrosion resistance and mechanical properties as long as the precipitation of carbides and nitrides is avoided, thanks to the use of rapid cooling in water after the sintering stage. In addition, the reduction of the particle size of the powder improves hardness and resistance to corrosion in both acid medium with chlorides and phosphate-buffered medium that simulates the physiological conditions for its use as a biomaterial. These results lead to increased knowledge of the role of carbon and nitrogen content in the behavior displayed by the different alloys studied.
On-demand optimize design of sound-absorbing porous material based on multi-population genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Liu Shengfu , Wu Haiquan , Zhang Chengchun , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Porous material (PM) shows good sound absorption performance, however, the sound absorbing property of PM with different parameters are greatly different. In order to match the most suitable absorbing materials with the most satisfactory sound-absorbing performance according to the noise spectrum in different practical applications, multi-population genetic algorithm is used in this paper to optimize the parameters of porous sound absorbing structures that are commonly used according to the actual demand of noise reduction and experimental verification. The results shows that the optimization results of multi-population genetic algorithm are obviously better than the standard genetic algorithm in terms of sound absorption performance and sound absorption bandwidth. The average acoustic absorption coefficient of PM can reach above 0.6 in the range of medium frequency, and over 0.8 in the range of high frequency through optimization design. At a mid-to-high frequency environment, the PM has a better sound absorption effect and a wider frequency band than that of micro-perforated plate. However, it has a poor sound absorption effect at low frequency. So it is necessary to select suitable sound absorption material according to the actual noise spectrum.
Research on Electromagnetic Sensitivity Properties of Sodium Chloride during Microwave Heating
Authors: Chen Hua , Chen Junjiang , Wang Weijun , Lin Huan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe multimode resonant cavity is the most common cavity. The material often shows on selective heating performance during the heating process due to the effect of microwave heating having a closely relationship with the electromagnetism parameters. This paper is based on finite difference time domain method (FDTD) to establish the electromagnetic-thermal model. The electromagnetic sensitivity property parameters of sodium chloride including relative dielectric constant, loss angle tangent and water content of sodium chloride is studied during the heating and drying process. The heating rate and the electric field distribution of sodium chloride, at the different water content, were simulated with the electromagnetic characteristic parameters changing. The results show that with the electromagnetic sensitivity property parameters varying, the electric field strength, heating rate and steady-state temperature of the heating material will all have a variety in the cavity. Some measures are proposed to improve the heating efficiency and ensure the stability of the microwave heating system in the industrial application.
A time delay dynamical model for outbreak of 2019-nCoV and the parameter identification
Authors: Chen Yu , Cheng Jin , Jiang Yu , Liu Keji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel dynamical system with time delay to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. One typical feature of this epidemic is that it can spread in the latent period, which can therefore be described by time delay process in the differential equations. The accumulated numbers of classified populations are employed as variables, which is consistent with the official data and facilitates the parameter identification. The numerical methods for the prediction of the outbreak of 2019-nCoV and parameter identification are provided, and the numerical results show that the novel dynamic system can well predict the outbreak trend so far. Based on the numerical simulations, we suggest that the transmission of individuals should be greatly controlled with high isolation rate by the government.
The contribution of twins conceived by in vitro fertilization to preterm birth rate: observations from a quarter of century
Authors: Ivandić Jelena , Blickstein Isaac , Šopić Rahelić Ana-Maria , Eškinja Eduard , Štimac Tea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle information exists related to the contribution of assisted reproductive technology (ART) twins to the preterm and very preterm birth rate. We sought to examine this contribution over a period of more than two decades in a tertiary perinatal center.MethodsWe identified all preterm births from 1993 to 2017, born at <37 or <32 weeks’ gestation, by mode of conception [in vitro fertilization (IVF) vs. non-IVF pregnancies]. We generated trend lines of the annual change of the dependent variable (% preterm birth).ResultsWe evaluated 74,299 births, including 3934 (5.3%) preterm births at <37 and 826 (1.1%) at <32 weeks’ gestation. In this period, 1019 (1.4%) twin pairs were born including 475 (46.6%) and 80 (7.8%) at <37 and <32 weeks, respectively. There were 213 (5.4%) IVF pregnancies among the preterm births at <37 weeks, including 88 (41.3%) twins. Fifteen (1.8%) births of all IVF gestations were at <32 weeks, and all were twins. Whereas the annual rate of spontaneous twins did not change, a significant increase over time exists for IVF twins (P < 0.05, R2 = 0.6). We demonstrated an increase in IVF twin births at <37 weeks but not for spontaneously conceived twins. Whereas the twin birth rate at <32 weeks did not change over time, all preterm births at <32 weeks following IVF were twins.ConclusionThe risk of twins after ART increasingly contributes to preterm births at <37 weeks and ART twins are at significant risk for preterm births at <32 weeks.
Exponential behavior of neutral impulsive stochastic integro-differential equations driven by Poisson jumps and Rosenblatt process
Authors: Kasinathan Ravikumar , Kasinathan Ramkumar , Hamit Mahamat Hassan Mahamat , Diop Mamadou Abdoul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with the neutral impulsive stochastic integro-differential equations driven by Poisson jumps and Rosenblatt process. By using resolvent operator and some analysis techniques, we ensure existence and uniqueness of solutions. Further, we investigate exponential stability of mild solutions. We have also given an example to illustrate our theoretical results.
Plasmonic nanocavity enhanced vibration of graphene by a radially polarized optical field
Authors: Li Xuwei , Zhang Tingting , Fu Zhengkun , Kang Bowen , Mi Xiaohu , Sun Meijuan , Zhang Chengyun , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The combination of 2D materials and surface plasmon can produce some novel optical phenomena that have attracted much attention. Illuminated by light with different polarization states, the field distribution around the plasmonic structure can control the light-matter interaction. The interaction between graphene and light can be strongly enhanced by employing radially polarized beams in a nanocavity. Here, we study the selectively enhanced vibration of graphene in a coupled plasmonic gold nanocavity with a radially polarized optical field, and the coupling and enhancing mechanisms are investigated both experimentally and numerically. By focusing a radially polarized beam, a high z component of a localized near field in the nanocavity is provided to strongly enhance the interaction between graphene and light, which can be used to enhance the vibrational signal of the interlayer. For the in-plane vibration of graphene, a similar enhancement is obtained with a linearly and radially polarized optical field. A plasmonic nanocavity is used to enhance the vibration of graphene, which provides potential applications in studying the out-of-plane vibration mode and exploring the mechanism of the interlayer coupling of 2D materials.
The Fall of the Post-Industrial, Post-Global, Post-Colonial World
Authors: Burocco Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe essay presents the dynamics of what we call “new globalization,” a second stage of the emergence of a new regime, which, as a result of capital’s need to continuously find new frontiers of accumulation, is extending to countries previously considered as residual peripheries. It analyzes cultural diplomacy and university education as two tools used to manage power and reproduce class divisions now designed by an economic meritocratic system of global intellectual creative elites locally circumscribed and globally connected.
Noise identification based on spectral analysis and noisy transfer function approach for fuel cells
Authors: Akinci Tahir Cetin , Seker Serhat , Dursun Erkan , Kilic Osman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, some measurements like the current, voltage and hydrogen flow based on the fuel cell are investigated in spectral-domain as well as their time-domain representations and then, their spectral properties are extracted. Besides this, taking the simplified transfer function approach into account, which is defined between the hydrogen flow and current of the cell as an input-output pair, more detailed results are obtained. Therefore, the spectral parts of the fuel cell are put into categories under the impacts coming from the process, measurement circuits and digitizers. The process noise to be defined at very small frequencies (<15 Hz) can be explained as the effects of the various physical and chemical interactions emerging in the fuel cell. Moreover, this study analysed the spectral characteristics of fuel cells for current, voltage and hydrogen flow in detail.
Zur Begründung der Freiheit
Authors: Vaubel Roland 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Rechtfertigung der Freiheit geht es um die Optimierung des Wissens und der Anreize. Freiheit dient der optimalen Nutzung des vorhandenen Wissens und der optimalen Produktion neuen Wissens, und sie gibt dem handelnden Individuum die bestmöglichen Anreize. Der Verfasser analysiert die Geschichte dieser Rechtfertigungen. Informationsökonomische Begründungen verdanken wir Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, Wilhelm von Humboldt, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich von Hayek und Karl Popper. Anreiztheoretische Begründungen finden sich bei Thomas von Aquin, Adam Smith und James Mill. Der Verfasser wendet sich gegen den Versuch, die Freiheit oder das Recht auf Eigentum evolutionstheoretisch mit der natürlichen Auslese zu rechtfertigen. Schließlich geht er der Frage nach, inwieweit das klassische Freiheitsziel mit anderen Zielen – dem Effizienzziel, der staatlichen Durchsetzung von Verträgen, der individuellen Wahlfreiheit, der politischen Partizipation und dem sozialistischen Freiheitsbegriff – vereinbar ist.
Winning the Fight Against Global Poverty One Experiment at a Time?
Authors: Flechtner Svenja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Economics Nobel 2019 for Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty has been received by economists with a wide array of reactions. This article introduces the experimental revolution in development economics and the work of Banerjee, Duflo and Kremer and then discusses a number of critiques that have been raised about it: methodological concerns relating to the internal and external validity of experiments in economics; a supposed focus of RCTs on the microlevel and a distraction of development economics away from structural issues; the scope of experimental research for poverty reduction; and normative concerns arising when experiments are used in development economics.
Diagnostic model of low visibility events based on C4.5 algorithm
Authors: Li Chao , Shi Yimin , Gao Ping , Shen Yang , Ma Chenchen , Shi Dawei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study the low visibility in Nanjing city is classified and predicted using observed data during 2014 to 2016 with machine-learning based decision tree algorithm (4.5). For this purpose, the model was trained with 3/4th of the data samples until the self-learning accuracy of the model reached 88.32%. The remaining 1/4th of the data samples were used to verify the model’s prediction ability, with the test accuracy reaching 88.34% indicating a good classification diagnosis effect of the model. The results produced with model, generated through learning from the training sample, it is found that the relative humidity, PM10 and PM2.5 are important factors in diagnosing “whether low visibility events will occur in Nanjing”: When relative humidity is favorable (i.e. <90%) and PM2.5 concentration is not high enough (i.e. <146), the probability of low visibility events may reduce; when relative humidity is relatively favorable (i.e. ≥ 90%) with a PM10 concentration ≥ 59, low visibility events are more likely to occur; when relative humidity is extremely favorable (i.e. ≥ 96%) with a low PM10 concentration (i.e. <59), there is also a high probability that low visibility events will occur.
Study on Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Mechanical Behavior of CSG based on Inversion of Mesoscopic Material Parameters
Authors: Guo Lixia , Zhang Yanan , Zhong Ling , Wang Minghua , Zhu Xuanyi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cement Sand and Gravel (CSG) is a low-cost, environment-friendly composite material mixed of unscreened aggregate, cement, fly ash and water, and its properties differ from ordinary concrete due to different aggregate characteristics. In order to investigate the effect of aggregate characteristics on the mechanical behavior of CSG, this paper used numerical simulation method to divide the CSG into aggregate unit, cement mortar unit and interface unit at the mesoscopic level and randomly generate aggregate, then used laboratory uniaxial compression test results to inverse the said mesoscopic component parameters, and finally verified the rationality of mesoscopic numerical simulation. Based on the inversed parameters, the numerical simulation test of different aggregate grading was carried out and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of macroscopic mechanical properties, as the sand ratio increased, the aggregate occupancy and the peak stress decreased; under the same aggregate occupancy (the same sand ratio), the stress peak became higher with the improvement of aggregate grading (aggregates of small particle size increased); (2) At the mesoscopic level, the crack of CSG usually appeared on the interface and around the aggregate; the smaller the sand ratio was, the higher the aggregate occupancy was, the more obvious the stress concentration was, and the earlier the cracking of the test piece was, but there were many aggregates, so the eventual failure time was delayed. These research results can provide theoretical basis for engineering design and construction.
Evidentialität als argumentative Funktion am Beispiel des Deutschen, Russischen und Kasachischen
Authors: Dalbergenova Ljasat , Zharkynbekova Sholpan 
Published: March 2020

Summary
The present paper is dedicated to evidentiality in the argumentative discourse in the communicative-pragmatic aspect (using the example of German, Russian and Kazakh). The paper contributes to the research of deeper and fundamental issues of a speaker’s point of view in constructing an argumentation. The linguistic features of evidentiality in German, Russian and Kazakh are empirically determined and contrastively investigated. The evidential markings allow the speaker to remain credible and reliable in his arguments.