bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variación y cambio en la formalización de la interrogación retórica en la historia del español
Authors: Enrique-Arias Andrés 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the specific mechanisms that contribute to formalizing the rhetorical interpretation of interrogative sentences throughout the history of Spanish. To this end, data from a corpus of biblical translations from the 13th to the 20th centuries are analyzed. As Biblical Hebrew and Latin use explicit elements to signal direct polar questions, it is relatively easy to locate a large number of passages with interrogative sentences, and then, examine the distribution of the translation equivalents used in the Spanish versions. The interrogative particles of Hebrew and Latin thus articulate a grammaticalized procedural meaning for which Spanish does not have an equivalent explicit marker. The systematic examination of the strategies that Spanish translators use to adapt these structures to their vernacular is therefore a way of accessing the intuitions of speakers from different periods in the history of Spanish in regard to the formulation of the rhetorical interrogative.
CONVERGÊNCIAS E DIVERGÊNCIAS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DO PROFESSOR NO BRASIL E PORTUGAL
Authors: Marim Vlademir , Procópio Tharles Vilela 
Published: November 2020

Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar as convergências e divergências no contexto sociopolítico e educativo na formação inicial do professor no Brasil e em Portugal. Refletiu-se sobre a importância da universidade na formação docente para a melhoria da qualidade da educação e as propostas de ensino voltadas para a formação dos futuros docentes, embasadas nas leis que regulamentam e regem o sistema de ensino e a compreensão e seleção dos dados sociopolítico e educativo do Brasil e de Portugal. Como metodologia de pesquisa foi utilizada a metodologia comparada, composta das fases: descritiva, interpretativa, justaposição e comparativa. A partir da justaposição e análise dos dados foi possível perceber a importância da formação inicial dos professores, destacando as propostas, projetos e leis que normatizam o processo de ensino, apontando a necessidade de formar docentes com competências e habilidades que proporcionem a qualidade do ensino e aprendizagem. No estudo realizado, ficou evidente a necessidade de um olhar crítico e propostas de políticas públicas eficazes para a consolidação da qualidade do ensino e da formação inicial dos professores, que são os protagonistas, com os alunos, de todo o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Skrivenatt
Authors: Lorange Anne Lillevoll , Solhaug Solvor 
Published: November 2020

There is an ever-increasing demand for students to produce academic texts throughout the course of study. The new student coming straight from upper secondary education has little or no experience writing academic texts. To help these students, we started Writing night.
Writing Night is an evening event where students at NTNU Dragvoll get help writing academic texts and information literacy.
The event is a collaboration between NTNU University Library, the Dragvoll library and NTNU's Institute for Language and Literature (ISL). Writing Night takes place on the library premises one evening during the semester.
Writing Night is arranged to let the students choose how they want to spend the evening. They can sit and write on their own, get help from learning assistants from ISL, who walk around or go to workshops. The workshops we offer give students knowledge of various aspects of academic writing. During the first years of Writing Night, the library conducted workshops in literature search and reference management. This was later changed to one-to-one guidance stations. This change came after student feedback.
Student feedback indicates that they have gained more knowledge about academic writing and the event helped them to move on in their writing process. This has given them the confidence and sense of accomplishment they can use when working with academic texts.
Abordaje quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Haglund: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Lozano-Estepa Marta , Sánchez Gómez Rubén , Casado-Hernández Israel , Martínez-Jiménez Eva María , García-Carmona Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Conocer cuál de los dos abordajes quirúrgicos presenta menos complicaciones y mejores resultados post-quirúrgicos según las escalas descritas, para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Haglund: endoscópico o abierto.Material y métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Bucea, Enfispo y Dialnet, desde enero del 2003 hasta 2018, en español y en inglés, bajo los términos siguientes: “Haglund’s deformity”, “treatment Haglund”, “Haglund síndrome”, “Diagnostic Haglund”, "Haglund surgery”, “Calcaneal osteotomy”, “Haglund”.Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 artículos para la realización de este trabajo, de los cuales 13 eran estudios en los que se mostraba la comparación entre tratamiento quirúrgico abierto y endoscópico en sujetos con deformidad de Haglund. Se incluyeron 393 sujetos de los cuales se intervinieron 415 pies (161 por vía endoscópica y 187 mediante abordaje abierto). 58% de los sujetos tratados por endoscopia calificaron este tratamiento como excelente y las complicaciones reportadas, que fueron menores, sólo estuvieron presentes en 2 individuos, a diferencia de los tratados con cirugía abierta, donde 8 presentaron complicaciones menores y 5 complicaciones mayores.Conclusiones: El abordaje endoscópico tiene un porcentaje mayor de satisfacción según los resultados post-quirúrgicos obtenidos además de una menor tasa de complicaciones.
Polskie teatry amatorskie w Wilnie w drugiej połowie XX wieku – powstanie i działalność
Authors: Stukus-Haník Katarzyna 
Published: November 2020

Początki polskiego ruchu teatralnego w Wilnie związane są z zakonem jezuitów. Zapoczątkowany przez zakon ruch, rozwijał się na dworach. Za ojca polskiego teatru uważany był Wojciech Bogusławski, który stworzył w Wilnie pierwszy prawdziwy teatr. W takiej formie istniał on niespełna 100 lat, by następnie odrodzić się w 1905 r. za sprawą hrabiego Władysława Tyszkiewicza. Kolejne lata to wybudowanie teatru stałego oraz dalszy rozwój wileńskiej sceny, którego nie przerwały wydarzenia II wojny światowej i pierwsze lata powojenne, a jedynie go nieco osłabiły.
Głównym tematem niniejszego opracowania jest powstanie i działalność dwóch polskich teatrów amatorskich w Wilnie. Pierwszym z nich było Polskie Studio Teatralne (wcześniej Polski Zespół Dramatyczny), założone na początku lat 60. XX wieku przez lekarkę Janinę Strużanowską. Natomiast drugim powstały w tym samym czasie Polski Zespół Teatralny przy Pałacu Kultury Kolejarzy w Wilnie, później znany jako Polski Teatr w Wilnie. Zespół założyła zawodowa aktorka Irena Rymowicz. Funkcjonowanie tych zespołów teatralnych miało szczególne znaczenie w czasach, kiedy Litwa znajdowała się pod rządami radzieckimi. Władza ta w znacznym stopniu ograniczała litewskim Polakom kontakty z Ojczyzną. W związku z tym Polacy spragnieni polskiego słowa chętnie przychodzili na wystawiane przez grupy przedstawienia. Ich popularność nie zmalała po przemianach ustrojowych w 1991 r., a wręcz przybrała na sile. Pojawiły się bowiem nowe możliwości rozwoju, które starano się wykorzystać.
Z myślą o podtrzymywaniu rozwijającego się polskiego ruchu teatralnego, zaczęły się tworzyć teatrzyki szkolne. W latach 90. XX wieku działały one niemal w każdej polskiej szkole na terenie Wilna, ciesząc się zainteresowaniem uczniów.
Za datę końcową przedstawianej tematyki przyjęto umownie rok 2004, kiedy to Polska i Litwa wraz z innymi państwami weszły do Unii Europejskiej. W tym samym czasie zmieniły się pewne prawa i standardy, wymagające dodatkowej analizy.
Julia Ledóchowska wobec Aktu 5 XI 1916 r.
Authors: Witkowski Stanisław 
Published: November 2020

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie działalności matki Urszuli (Julii) Ledóchowskiej w sztokholmskim Komitecie Polskim Pośredniczącym (Polska förmedlingskommitten), powołanym w połowie marca 1916 r. w momencie ogłoszenia Aktu 5 listopada 1916 r., oraz reakcji szwedzkiej Polonii na ten wydany w imieniu cesarzy Niemiec i Austro-Węgier manifest, głoszący powołanie niepodległego Królestwa Polskiego. Autor przedstawia wachlarz nastrojów wśród polonijnych działaczy w Sztohkolmie oraz tamtejszych polityków z racji możliwego odrodzenia Polski, z czołową rolą matki Ledóchowskiej, wiceprezes Komitetu Polskiego w Sztokholmie. Przedstawione zostały artykuły ukazujące się w szwedzkiej prasie, obrazujące oddźwięk szwedzkich i polonijnych środowisk wobec nowej polityki państw centralnych: będące wynikiem działań propagandowych, mających pozyskać przychylność opinii publicznej wobec nowej polityki państw centralnych, dotyczące rozważania na temat jej spodziewanych pozytywnych i negatywnych skutków, jak też przyszłego losu Polski. Autor opisuje również obawy przed utworzeniem armii polskiej z ramienia państw centralnych. W artykule wykorzystane zostały przede wszystkim raporty delegata Departamentu Wojskowego Naczelnego Komitetu Narodowego w Sztokholmie Stanisława Wędkiewicza do centrali w Krakowie, a także listy matki Urszuli Ledóchowskiej, której opinia miała duże znaczenie dla sposobu postrzegania Aktu 5 listopada przez szwedzką Polonię.
The exosomes role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Schava S. P. , Stepanov E. V. , Sorokin V. A. 
Published: November 2020

According to World Health Organization, annually cardiovascular diseases cause 17,5 billion deaths in the developed world. This is the reason why the study of molecular mechanisms of these pathologies has a huge importance for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One of the strategies on this matter is the research of the small extracellular vesicles or exosomes and its role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring their transporting and signaling functions in the development of acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, heart valve diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, vascular atherosclerosis has a great importance.Exosomes are spherical vesicles of 30–100 nm, expressed by almost all human cells. Their cytoplasmic membrane has lipid bilayer structure with tetraspanins CD9, CD63, CD81 and CD82 as the markers. Exosomes act as effectors transferring microRNA, mRNA, cytokines and growth factors between varies cells.The aim of this review is to analyze the literature data of exosomal role in the development of main cardiologic syndrome’s and evaluation of existed literature on exosomes potential as therapeutic target.
Lorenzo Delgado y Santiago M. Ló­pez (eds.). Ciencia en Transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la mo­dernización
Authors: Presas i Puig Albert 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo reseña: Lorenzo Delgado y Santiago M. Ló­pez (eds.). Ciencia en Transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la mo­dernización. Madrid: Sílex Ediciones, 2019, 386 pp.
The Potential of Soy Isoflavones (Glycine max) and Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Osteoporosis Therapy for Menopausal Women
Authors: Ayik Rochyatul Jannah  , Faiza Rahma Ebnudesita  , Savira Butsainah Dienanta  , Reny I’tishom  
Published: November 2020

Background: Menopausal women experience amenorrhea for 12 consecutive months. In Indonesia, one of four women aged 50 – 80 years has a risk of osteoporosis. This age range is related to the menopause phase. Low estrogen levels in menopausal women cause decreased bone mineral density resulting in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease characterized by decreased bone density and bone strength that causes fractures. This literature review aims to determine the potential of soy isoflavones (Glycine max) and magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as alternative therapies for osteoporosis in menopausal women.
Reviews: Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens because they have estrogen-like structures and functions. Some studies explain that phytoestrogens have benefits in osteoporosis therapy by maintaining bone density through decreasing osteoclast resorption and stimulating osteoblasts. Consuming enough soy supplements everyday has been shown to increase bone mineral density. This effect is strengthened by coating the soy isoflavones with magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles through two mechanisms, as a therapeutic agent and drug carrier. The magnetic field of the magnetic nanoparticles produces force and torque to increase the temperature until 42°C and trigger organelles movement, causing apoptosis of osteoclasts. Hydroxyapatite is a major component of bone mineral that replaces bone tissue deformity and has an osteoblastic effect in bone regeneration. Nano-sized hydroxyapatite will increase material properties and stability in high temperatures. However, hydroxyapatite has less magnetic activity so this function is completed by magnetic nanoparticles.
Summary: Therefore, the combination of soy isoflavones and magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles works synergistically as an alternative therapy for osteoporosis in menopausal women.
Case Report : A Woman 27 Year Old with Mosaic Turner Syndrome Associate Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Cennikon Pakpahan  , Bella Amanda  , Berliana Hamidah  , Rina Yudiwati  
Published: November 2020

Background: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality found in phenotypically women who have one intact X chromosome and the absence of second sex chromosomes.
Case: The patient is a 27-year-old Javanese girl. At the age of 14 years, she came to the gynecology clinic with chief complaints of amenorrhea and then given cycloprogynova by the physcian, the complaint improved but menstruation did not appear in the following month did not return to the gynecologist for evaluation. At the age of 26, she returned to the gynecologist and then was given medicine to stimulate menstruation and was referred to an internist-endocrinologist because of a suspected hypothyroid. Then a few months later the patient returned to the gynecologist and then examined hormones, ultrasound, and karyotyping for evaluation as well as establishing the diagnosis. FT4 hormone examination results 0.87 ng / dl, TSHs 0.708 Uiu / mL, T3 (Total) 0.49 ng / mL, FSH 2.38 Miu / mL, LH 1.3 Miu / mL, prolactin 14.7 ng / ml, progesterone <0.10 ng / ml, estradiol <5 ng / ml indicates hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with hypothyroidism. Ultrasound results showed hypoplasia with uterine axis measuring 2.27 x 2.09 cm. Karyotyping result with 45x / 46xx indicate mosaic turner syndrome. Patients were given progestin, esthero and also thyrax for hormone replacement therapy.
Discussion: Turner syndrome with hypogonadotropic hypgonadism is a rare variation of the turner syndrome. The definite cause is still uncertain. Some cases are usually accompanied by other hormone disorders such as thyroid and growth hormone.
Conclusion: A 27-year-old woman with hypgonadotrophic hypgonadism associated with mosaic turner syndrome. The diagnosis is done by history taking, hormone examination, imaging, and karyotyping. treatment given progestin, estrogen, and thyrax.
Peranan Faktor Usia Dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Kantor Direksi PT. PG. Rajawali I Surabaya
Authors: Hermawan Hafiz , Sulasmi Siti 
Published: November 2020

One of the company's efforts made in motivating employees is by giving rewards, such rewards are in the form of incentives. In order that these incentives can motivate employees, incentives given to companies can be either Monetary Incentive or Non-Monetary Incentives depending on how the appeal or the importance of the incentives for employees. But there are a few things to note companies, particularly with regard to the granting of incentives to boost employee motivation. Because in providing various forms of incentives to employees, the company needs to know the demographic characteristics of the employees as factors that can strengthen or weaken the relationship between incentives and employee motivation. One of the demographic characteristics of the form factor is the age of an employee, an employee who has a younger age it might be more motivated if the company gives incentives rather than a more senior employee. This is because a person's motivation in working for tend to be changed along with the increase of age. Employees with a younger age will likely pursue the monetary in the work, while employees who have senior will be more likely pursue the achievement of the monetary. Population and sample which became the object of this research is the 36 employees of PT. PG. Rajawali I. The results of the study prove that Monetary Incentives and Non Monetary Incentives give significant effects either simultaneously or partial employee motivation of PT. PG. Rajawali I. Whereas the moderation effect of age factor is not significantly strengthen the impact of influence the granting of providing Monetary Incentives and Non Monetary Incentives of employee motivation PT. PG. Rajawali I.
Application of Nanosilica in Glycerol-Based Drilling Fluid for Shale Formations
Authors: Lyu Chao , Hao Shuqing , Yang Liang 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this study, we perform several tests to develop a formula of glycerol-based drilling fluid that is suitable for shale formations with severe wellbore instability problems. Drilling fluids with varying combinations of nanosilica, glycerol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and xanthan gum (XG) in organic soil glycerol-based slurry are tested, and the effects of nanosilica on the swelling of shale samples and the lubricity of drilling fluids are also investigated to verify the feasibility of designed drilling fluids. The experimental investigations reveal that the values of apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), and yield value (YP) of the optimal formulation meet the rheological parameters required for the drilling of shale formations. The AV and PV values of drilling fluid with 55:45 glycerol/water ratio are lower than those of drilling fluids with other glycerol/water ratios. A higher XG content means higher YP value in the experiment and 0.4% XG is suitable for the glycerol-based drilling fluid to prevent the collapse of the shale wellbore. There is a critical nanosilica content threshold (0.5%), and the filtration loss (FL) increases gradually when this threshold is exceeded due to the agglomeration of nanosilica. The nanosilica coated on clay particles in shales because of the formation of hydrogen bonds results in a decrease in permeability of shale formations. The swelling of shale through hydration is greatly reduced by 37% and the sticking coefficient of drilling fluid is reduced by 28% when 0.5% nanosilica is added. The addition of nanosilica to glycerol-based drilling fluid is significant to deal with the wellbore instability problems in troublesome shale formations.
AN IN VITRO STUDY TO ASCERTAIN THE TRANSVERSE STRENGTH OF DENTURE BASE RESIN REINFORCED WITH TWO DIFFERENT FIBERS AND THEIR COMBINATION
Authors: Abhinav Agarwal  , Manesh Lahori  , Dharmesh Kumar  
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the transverse strength of denture base resin reinforced with two distinct fibers and their combination with the denture base resin without any reinforcement. MaterialsandMethod: Atotal40testsamplesofclearheatcureresinwerefabricatedwiththehelpofa customized metallic die and divided in to four groups- Group1: samples fabricated with clear acrylic resin without any reinforcement(Control group),Group2: samples reinforced with carbon fiber epoxy resin composite block, Group3: samples reinforced with glass fiber epoxy resin composite block, Group 4: samples reinforced with combination of carbon and glass fiber epoxy resin composite block. After finishing and polishing all the samples were having final dimension of 3 cm × 1 cm × 0.3cm with a ±0.02 error measured with digital vernier caliper. Samples were immersed in water for 7 days in an incubator. A 3-point bend test was done in a universal testing machine, and load to fracture was recorded (MPa). Statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by tukey HSD post-hoc test to compare mean transverse Strength in four groups.
Results: Group 2 and group 4 showed highest strength with significant difference with all other groups and non-significant with each other. Group1(control group) showed lowest transverse strength among all the groups.
Conclusion: carbon fiber and glass fiber alone provided either good transverse strength or good esthetics respectively while unique combination of carbon and glass fiber epoxy resin composite significantly increased the transverse strength of acrylic resin along with good esthetics.
EVALUATION OF PATIENT'S PERCEPTION AND HEALING, FOLLOWING CONVENTIONAL AND PARALLELING TECHNIQUE OF FRENECTOMY USING SCALPEL AND OTHER MODALITY
Authors: Gupta Dr. Ira , Saranik Sarkar  , Rohit Gupta  , Nidhi Gupta  , Janardhana Amaranath B. J.  , Mohd. Amir Khan  
Published: November 2020

Background: Frenum that encroaches on the margin of the gingiva may interfere with plaque removal and can lead to gingival recession and midline diastema. Thus, to maintain proper oral hygiene and prevent gingival recession, frenectomy is done. Frenectomy can be accomplished by conventional frenectomy technique, which has certain disadvantages. To overcome those drawbacks, paralleling technique of frenectomy has been introduced. Both the techniques can be performed by using various treatment modalities.
Aim: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the bleeding during surgery, post-operative wound healing and patient's perception towards the conventional frenectomy technique with scalpel, paralleling frenectomy technique with scalpel and paralleling technique with electrocautery.
Materials and method: A total of 30 subjects with gingival or papillary frenal attachment were selected and equally divided into three groups. Group 1 was treated by conventional technique with scalpel, Group 2 by paralleling technique with scalpel and Group 3 by paralleling technique with electrocautery. Various parameters such as bleeding during surgery, patient's perception towards the various techniques and post-operative wound healing were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that bleeding during surgery was minimum in group 3 as compared to other two groups. Patient's perception towards paralleling technique with scalpel, was found better than the other groups. At 7th day, though there was a difference in the healing but at 21st day wound healing was almost similar in all the three groups.
Conclusion: Based on our findings and clinical outcome, paralleling technique with scalpel provided better patient's perception and an efficient and satisfactory option for frenectomy.