bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the risks of adopting circular economy initiatives in manufacturing supply chains
Authors: Ethirajan Manavalan , Arasu M Thanigai , Kandasamy Jayakrishna , K.E.K Vimal , Nadeem Simon Peter , Kumar Anil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concept of circular economy (CE) has proven its worth due to the scarcity of natural resources and huge amounts of wastage which impacts the environment. Thus, the adoption of the CE concept in the supply chain becomes critical. However, due to the complex nature of processes/activities in the circular supply chain (CSC), managing risk has become a priority to avoid disruption. In current literature, no discussion has been conducted on how to analyse the risks in the context of CSC. Therefore, to fill this literature gap, this study concentrates on identifying and analysing the risks to promote effective circular initiatives in supply chains in the context of the manufacturing industry, thus minimising the negative environmental impact. A total of 31 risks were identified through an extensive literature review and discussions with experts. A grey‐based decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is applied by incorporating the experts' knowledge to compute prominence and cause/effect scores to develop an interrelationship map. Finally, a vulnerability matrix for risk categories is developed using the average of prominence and cause/effect scores of risks. The results show that transparent process is the most prominent risk and branding is the least significant risk. By using the average prominence and cause/effect score, a risk category, namely, financial risk, is identified as most vulnerable to CSC. These findings will help industry managers not only to prepare business strategies in the adoption of CE initiatives in supply chains by eliminating risks but also in minimising negative environmental impact.
Carbon Nanotubes@Nickel Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Bian Ruilin , Song Dan , Si Wenping , Zhang Tao , Zhang Yuxin , Lu Pengyi , Hou Feng , Liang Ji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs new and alternative energy storage devices to batteries and traditional capacitors, supercapacitors exhibit both high power and high energy density as well as good cycle life. NiCo2S4, a spinel‐structured transition metal sulfide with a high specific capacity, is considered to be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors with great application potential. However, the poor electrical conductivity of NiCo2S4 results in poor rate and cycle performance of the material, which limits its practical application. In this work, we design a composite by loading NiCo2S4 on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the conductivity. The best‐performing CNTs@NiCo2S4 electrode materials were obtained after the optimized heat‐treatment of CNTs@SiO2 precursors. At a current density of 1 A g−1, the CNTs@NiCo2S4 composite exhibits a specific capacity of 216.4 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 75 % after 2000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 5 A g−1, the capacity can still retain 87 % of that under 1 A g−1. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical performance of NiCo2S4 can be effectively boosted by combining with conductive CNTs.
Intermolecular Hydroaminoalkylation of Propadiene
Authors: Kaper Tobias , Fischer Malte , Warsitz Michael , Zimmering René , Beckhaus Ruediger , Doye Sven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions of propadiene with selected secondary amines take place in the presence of a 2,6‐bis(phenylamino)pyridinato titanium catalyst. The corresponding products, synthetically useful allylamines, are formed in convincing yields and with high selectivities. In addition, propadiene easily inserts into the titanium‐carbon bond of a titanaaziridine.
Adaptive pursuit learning for energy‐efficient target coverage in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Upreti Ramesh , Rauniyar Ashish , Kunwar Jeevan , Haugerud Hårek , Engelstad Paal , Yazidi Anis 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWith the proliferation of technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of things (IoT), we are moving towards the era of automation without any human intervention. Sensors are the principal components of the WSNs that bring the idea of IoT into reality. Over the last decade, WSNs are being used in many application fields such as target coverage, battlefield surveillance, home security, health care monitoring, and so on. However, the energy efficiency of the sensor nodes in WSN remains a challenging issue due to the use of a small battery. Moreover, replacing the batteries of the sensor nodes deployed in a hostile environment frequently is not a feasible option. Therefore, intelligent scheduling of the sensor nodes for optimizing its energy‐efficient operation and thereby extending the life‐time of WSN has received a lot of research attention lately. In particular, this article investigates extending the lifetime of the WSN in the context of target coverage problems. To tackle this problem, we propose a scheduling technique for WSN based on a novel concept within the theory of learning automata (LA) called pursuit LA. Each sensor node in the WSN is equipped with an LA so that it can autonomously select its proper state, that is, either sleep or active, with an aim to cover all targets with the lowest energy cost possible. Our comprehensive experimental testing of the proposed algorithm not only verifies the efficiency of our algorithm, but it also demonstrates its ability to yield a near‐optimal solution. The results are promising, given the low computational footprint of the algorithm.
Hierarchical Aluminum Vanadate Microspheres with Structural Water: High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries
Authors: Pang Qiang , He Wei , Zhao Hainan , Yu Xiangyu , Wei Yingjin , Tian Ying , Xing Mingming , Fu Yao , Luo Xixian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControlling morphology, adopting metal cations and introducing crystal water are three effective strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of various battery electrodes. However, the effects of simultaneously applying these three strategies to aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are rarely demonstrated. Herein, hierarchical H11Al2V6O23.2 (HAVO) microspheres were successfully prepared using a simple hydrothermal method, and used as cathode material for ARZBs. The as‐prepared HAVO microspheres exhibited superior electrochemical performance than the dehydrated AlV3O9 (AVO) microspheres, i. e. they have a larger specific capacity of 390.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a better rate capability of 191.4 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1 and a higher cycling stability of up to 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.9 %. The excellent electrochemical performance of HAVO is due to the synergistic effects of the shortened ion diffusion distance in primary HAVO nanosheets, the improved electronic conductivity, and structural stability by adopting Al3+ into the lattice, the enhanced charge transfer properties and ion diffusion coefficient of the electrode due to the existence of crystal water. Therefore, this work may offer a new route for the design and synthesis of more advanced electrode materials for ARZBs.
Ameloblastoma diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology supplemented by cell block samples
Authors: Zaidi Ariba , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Dey Pranab , Gupta Kirti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmeloblastomas are rarely encountered in clinical practice, accounting for only 1% of tumors and cysts of the jaw although they are one of the most common odontogenic neoplasms. The cytological features are described in a few case reports only. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological features of ameloblastoma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and highlight the contribution of cell blocks in their diagnosis. Three cases of ameloblastoma diagnosed on FNAC (FNAC) with cell block samples were retrieved and evaluated in detail. Radiological correlation was performed in three cases. Follow‐up histopathology of the resected specimen was available in two cases. Cytology smears showed clusters of basaloid cells with high nucleocytoplasmic(N/C) ratio and dense chromatin. Focal squamoid differentiation was present in one case and cystic change predominated in one case. The characteristic morphology of the tumor was better appreciated on cell block section with cribriform and trabecular arrangement of tumor cells with peripheral nuclear palisading with foci of squamoid differentiation and cystic change. Cell blocks from aspirates act as mini‐biopsies and contribute to accurate diagnoses of ameloblastomas of the mandible, thereby emphasizing their contribution to the proper management of these uncommon neoplasms.
Large‐scale molecular barcoding of prey DNA reveals predictors of intrapopulation feeding diversity in a marine predator
Authors: Voelker Madelyn R. , Schwarz Dietmar , Thomas Austen , Nelson Benjamin W. , Acevedo‐Gutiérrez Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPredator–prey interactions are critical in understanding how communities function. However, we need to describe intraspecific variation in diet to accurately depict those interactions. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are an abundant marine predator that prey on species of conservation concern. We estimated intrapopulation feeding diversity (variation in feeding habits between individuals of the same species) of harbor seals in the Salish Sea. Estimates of feeding diversity were examined relative to sex, month, and location using a novel approach that combined molecular techniques, repeated cross‐sectional sampling of scat, and a specialization metric (within‐individual consistency in diet measured by the Proportional Similarity Index ()). Based on 1,083 scat samples collected from five haul‐out sites during four nonsequential years, we quantified diet using metabarcoding techniques and determined the sex of the scat depositor using a molecular assay. Results suggest that intrapopulation feeding diversity was present. Specialization was high over short periods (24–48 hr, = 0.392, 95% CI = 0.013, R = 100,000) and variable in time and space. Females showed more specialization than males, particularly during summer and fall. Additionally, demersal and benthic prey species were correlated with more specialized diets. The latter finding suggests that this type of prey likely requires specific foraging strategies and that there are trade‐offs between pelagic and benthic foraging styles for harbor seals. This differential feeding on prey species, as well as between sexes of harbor seals, indicates that predator–prey interactions in harbor seals are complex and that each sex may have a different impact on species of conservation concern. As such, describing intrapopulation feeding diversity may unravel hitherto unknown complex predator–prey interactions in the community.
Slope position and water use by trees in a headwater catchment dominated by Japanese cypress: Implications for catchment‐scale transpiration estimates
Authors: Tsuruta Kenji , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kosugi Yoshiko , Makita Naoki , Katsuyama Masanori , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Tani Makoto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe assessed tree transpiration at three slope positions with different soil water conditions in a small Japanese cypress‐dominated catchment under a humid climate using the sap flow technique. Differences in canopy transpiration (EC) were explained by total sapwood area (AS_tree) of the stand rather than by sap flux density at the three slope positions. Although soil water storage nearly reached the lower limit of plant available water during the growing season at mid‐slope and ridge positions with shallow soils, we observed no clear reductions in EC. EC was maintained by canopy stomatal conductance (GC) in addition to large ratios of fine root to total root biomass in trees growing at mid‐slope and ridge positions. Conversely, in a riparian area characterized by high soil moisture throughout the growing season, EC was maintained by variations in GC and a lower ratio of fine root to total root biomass. Our results suggest that Japanese cypress trees adapted to variations in soil water conditions associated with different slope positions under a humid region, by short‐term stomatal regulation as well as long‐term morphological changes in traits such as AS_tree and fine root biomass. Because AS_tree was highly correlated with diameter at breast height (DBH), whole‐tree transpiration was also correlated with DBH across the three slope positions. Our results suggest that the distribution of DBH size classes in a catchment could be a useful parameter for estimating catchment‐scale transpiration irrespective of topographic gradients and associated variations in soil water conditions.
Isoforms analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin by polarity‐reversed capillary isoelectric focusing
Authors: Ren Ting‐jun , Zhang Xiao‐xia , Li Xiang , Chen Hong‐xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia in the clinic. Glycosylation of rhuEPO was crucial for affecting biological activity, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics. Because of the heterogeneity of glycan, the structure of rhuEPO was complex with several isoforms. Characterization of isoforms was important for quality control of rhuEPO. Here, an improved cIEF method has been established and validated. A polarity‐reversed focusing step was used by reversing both the polarity of the voltage and the catholyte and anolyte vials. A weak base (100 mM ammonium hydroxide solution) was used as a chemical mobilizer to make the acidic bands mobilize stably to the detection window. Compared with CZE method in European Pharmacopoeia, the numbers of isoforms and their peak area percentage were highly consistent. Better reproducibility and higher resolution have been obtained by the improved cIEF method. Moreover, in improved cIEF method, the isoelectric points (pI) of each isoform can be calculated and used for identification. It was also the first time that the cIEF method was fully validated for rhuEPO analysis according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Dynamic VaR forecasts using conditional Pearson type IV distribution
Authors: Kuang Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper generalizes the exponentially weighted maximum likelihood (EWML) procedure to account for volatility and higher moment dynamics of the returns distribution. Prior research uses EWML to forecast value at risk (VaR) by assuming daily equity returns following a scaled t distribution. This approach does not capture the significant degree of skewness inherent in the data, which potentially leads to an underestimation of VaR. We employ the EWML procedure to estimate a time‐varying Pearson IV distribution. Our results show that VaR forecasts based on Pearson IV using the EWML procedure are generally more accurate than those generated by scaled t and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)‐type models, particularly for assets with high leptokurtosis and negative skewness.
Factors impacting successful salvage of the failing free flap
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Curry Joseph , Crawley Meghan , Cave Taylor , Stewart Matthew , Luginbuhl Adam , Heffelfinger Ryan , Krein Howard , Petrisor Daniel , Bender‐Heine Adam , Wax Mark K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding factors impacting successful salvage of a compromised free flap.MethodsMulti‐institutional review of free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects (n = 1764).ResultsFree flap compromise rate: 9% (n = 162); 46% salvaged (n = 74). Higher salvage rates in initial 48 hours (64%) vs after (30%; P < .001). Greater compromise (14%) and failure (8%) if inset challenging vs straightforward (6% compromise, 4% failure; P = .035). Greater compromise (23%) and failure (17%) following intraoperative anastomosis revision vs no revision (7% compromise, 4% failure; P < .0001). Success following arterial insufficiency was lower (60% failed, 40% salvaged) vs venous congestion (23% failed, 77% salvaged) (P < .0001). Greater flap salvage following thrombectomy (66%) vs no thrombectomy (34%; P < .0001). Greater flap salvage if operative duration ≤8 hours (57%), vs >8 hours (40%) (P = .04).ConclusionsThere were higher rates of free flap salvage if the vascular compromise occurred within 48 hours, if due to venous congestion, if operative duration ≤8 hours, and if the anastomosis did not require intraoperative revision.
Bayesian Networks in Environmental Risk Assessment: A Review
Authors: Kaikkonen Laura , Parviainen Tuuli , Rahikainen Mika , Uusitalo Laura , Lehikoinen Annukka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Human activities both depend upon and have consequences on the environment. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a process of estimating the probability and consequences of the adverse effects of human activities and other stressors on the environment. Bayesian networks (BNs) can synthesize different types of knowledge and explicitly account for the probabilities of different scenarios, therefore offering a useful tool for ERA. Their use in formal ERA practice has not been evaluated, however, despite their increasing popularity in environmental modeling. This paper reviews the use of BNs in ERA based on peer-reviewed publications. Following a systematic mapping protocol, we identified studies in which BNs have been used in an environmental risk context and evaluated the scope, technical aspects, and use of the models and their results. The review shows that BNs have been applied in ERA, particularly in recent years, and that there is room to develop both the model implementation and participatory modeling practices. Based on this review and the authors’ experience, we outline general guidelines and development ideas for using BNs in ERA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:62–78. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
This paper reviews the use of Bayesian Networks in Environmental Risk Assessments (ERA) based on peer-reviewed publications. The review shows that BNs have been applied in ERA particularly in recent years and that there is room to develop both the model implementation and participatory modeling practices. Based on this review and the authors' experience, we outline general guidelines and development ideas for using BNs in ERA.
On the transmission mechanism of Asia‐Pacific yield curve characteristics
Authors: Gabauer David , Subramaniam Sowmya , Gupta Rangan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the transmission mechanism of Asia‐Pacific sovereign bond yields using a monthly data set, which reaches over the period from January 2003 until December 2017. Sovereign bond yields are decomposed into three latent factors – level, curvature and slope – using the dynamic Nelson–Siegel procedure proposed by Diebold and Li, Journal of Econometrics, 2006, 130(2), 337–364. The yield curve propagation mechanism is examined using the dynamic connectedness framework of Diebold and Yılmaz, Journal of Econometrics, 2012, 182(1), 119–134 and Diebold and Yılmaz, Journal of Econometrics, 2014, 182(1), 119–134 which is based on a time‐varying parameter vector auto‐regression (TVP‐VAR). The results suggest that the net transmitters of shocks are Australia, Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore whereas China, India, Indonesia, Japan and Malaysia have been net receivers of shocks. Across factors, those results are consistent except for the Korean curvature factor. In addition, findings revealed that the highest market interconnectedness can be found in the level factor followed by the slope and the curvature factor. Notably, all dynamic connectedness indices strongly increased during the Global Financial Crisis (2009), which illustrates that the Asia‐Pacific monetary policy is interconnected with each other especially during periods of economic unrest.
Do commodity price shocks impact central bank governors' removals? Evidence from Africa
Authors: Strong Christine O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing data from 1980 to 2018 for 32 African countries (13 CFA countries and 19 non‐CFA countries) and a conditional fixed effects logit model, this paper examines the effect of commodity price shocks on the likelihood of a central bank governor removal. Governor removals are decomposed into premature removals and ally replacements. Our results show that commodity price shocks lead to a statistically significant increase in the probability of a central bank governor's premature removal and ally replacement. This trend holds when commodities price shocks are separated into oil/mineral shocks and agricultural commodities shocks. We also find that this probability significantly jumps for countries who have a lower degree of export diversification, that is, countries whose are primarily dependent on a single commodity.
Does counter‐guarantee affect microcredit mechanism's performance on repayment? Evidence from Guangzhou, China
Authors: Jiang Meishan , Paudel Krishna P. , Sene Seydina O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the credit repayment effectiveness when microcredit is operating in combination with the counter‐guarantee mechanism. We use a sample of 176 poor urban borrowers from the Guangzhou Municipal Labor and Social Security Bureau (GZMLSSB). Their loans were guaranteed by the Guangzhou Financing Guarantee Center (GZFGC), then counter‐guaranteed by borrowers. The size of loans offered to urban borrowers varies from 20,000 RMB to 30,000 RMB per individual per year (60,000 RMB if part of a partnership and maximum of 50,000 RMB per individual in a given loan cycle). We estimated the model using a conditional mixed process given the binary dependent variable and a binary endogenous explanatory variable in the model. We find that the real estate mortgage as a financial counter‐guarantee mechanism has no effects, but a training certificate as a non‐financial counter‐guarantee mechanism has a negative impact on the microcredit repayment rate. Group lending and focusing on women have no impact as well. The findings help to minimize the management cost of pre‐default and default risk on microcredit loans in GZMLSSB and other similar projects by targeting university graduates. Our study is the first to assess the impact of microcredit mechanisms together with counter‐guarantee on loan repayments in China.