bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepregnancy smoking and the risk of gestational diabetes requiring insulin therapy
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Han Kyungdo , You Sang Youn , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Yoon Kun-Ho , Lee Seung-Hwan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relationship between maternal smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is inconclusive. We investigated whether prepregnancy smoking is a risk factor for insulin-requiring GDM in Korean women. Using the National Health Insurance Service database, 325,297 women who delivered between 2011 and 2015 and who received a health examination within 52 weeks before pregnancy were included. Insulin-requiring GDM was defined as no claims for diabetes mellitus and a fasting blood glucose level of < 126 mg/dL before pregnancy, and initiation of insulin treatment during pregnancy. Smoking status was identified in a self-reported questionnaire completed during the health examination. There were 2,114 women (0.65%) with GDM who required insulin therapy. Compared with nonsmokers, the fully adjusted odd ratios (ORs) of former smokers and current smokers for insulin-requiring GDM were 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–1.90) and 1.73 (1.42–2.09), respectively. The ORs (95% CIs) of insulin-requiring GDM among women who reported ≤ 2, 2–≤ 4, 4–≤ 6, 6–≤ 8, 8–≤ 10, and > 10 pack-years of smoking were 1.50 (1.22–1.84), 1.71 (1.31–2.22), 1.60 (1.13–2.26), 1.97 (1.14–3.40), 2.34 (1.22–4.51), and 2.29 (1.25–4.22), respectively, compared with nonsmokers (P for trend < 0.001). This association was similar in women with or without obesity and abdominal obesity. In conclusions, women who smoke have a significantly higher risk of GDM requiring insulin therapy, which may be proportional to the cumulative exposure to smoking. Cessation of smoking should be emphasized in women of childbearing age for the prevention of GDM.
A decrease in NAMPT activity impairs basal PARP-1 activity in cytidine deaminase deficient-cells, independently of NAD+
Authors: Silveira Sandra Cunha , Buhagiar-Labarchède Géraldine , Onclercq-Delic Rosine , Gemble Simon , Bou Samra Elias , Mameri Hamza , Duchambon Patricia , Machon Christelle , Guitton Jérôme , Amor-Guéret Mounira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency causes pyrimidine pool disequilibrium. We previously reported that the excess cellular dC and dCTP resulting from CDA deficiency jeopardizes genome stability, decreasing basal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity and increasing ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the decrease in PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells. PARP-1 activity is dependent on intracellular NAD+ concentration. We therefore hypothesized that defects of the NAD+ salvage pathway might result in decreases in PARP-1 activity. We found that the inhibition or depletion of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage biosynthesis pathway, mimicked CDA deficiency, resulting in a decrease in basal PARP-1 activity, regardless of NAD+ levels. Furthermore, the expression of exogenous wild-type NAMPT fully restored basal PARP-1 activity and prevented the increase in UFB frequency in CDA-deficient cells. No such effect was observed with the catalytic mutant. Our findings demonstrate that (1) the inhibition of NAMPT activity in CDA-proficient cells lowers basal PARP-1 activity, and (2) the expression of exogenous wild-type NAMPT, but not of the catalytic mutant, fully restores basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells; these results strongly suggest that basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells decreases due to a reduction of NAMPT activity.
Electrochemical immunosensor with Cu(I)/Cu(II)-chitosan-graphene nanocomposite-based signal amplification for the detection of newcastle disease virus
Authors: Huang Jiaoling , Xie Zhixun , Huang Yihong , Xie Liji , Luo Sisi , Fan Qing , Zeng Tingting , Zhang Yanfang , Wang Sheng , Zhang Minxiu , Xie Zhiqin , Deng Xianwen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed using graphene and chitosan-conjugated Cu(I)/Cu(II) (Cu(I)/Cu(II)-Chi-Gra) for signal amplification. Graphene (Gra) was used for both the conjugation of an anti-Newcastle disease virus monoclonal antibody (MAb/NDV) and the immobilization of anti-Newcastle disease virus polyclonal antibodies (PAb/NDV). Cu(I)/Cu(II) was selected as an electroactive probe, immobilized on a chitosan-graphene (Chi-Gra) hybrid material, and detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) after a sandwich-type immune response. Because Gra had a large surface area, many antibodies were loaded onto the electrochemical immunosensor to effectively increase the electrical signal. Additionally, the introduction of Gra significantly increased the loading amount of electroactive probes (Cu(I)/Cu(II)), and the electrical signal was further amplified. Cu(I)/Cu(II) and Cu(I)/Cu(II)-Chi-Gra were compared in detail to characterize the signal amplification ability of this platform. The results showed that this immunosensor exhibited excellent analytical performance in the detection of NDV in the concentration range of 100.13 to 105.13 EID50/0.1 mL, and it had a detection limit of 100.68 EID50/0.1 mL, which was calculated based on a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. The resulting immunosensor also exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility and acceptable stability.
Tanshinone II A attenuates vascular remodeling through klf4 mediated smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching
Authors: Lou Guanhua , Hu Wangming , Wu Ziqiang , Xu Huan , Yao Huan , Wang Yang , Huang Qinwan , Wang Baojia , Wen Li , Gong Daoying , Chen Xiongbing , Shi Yaping , Yang Lan , Xu Yiming , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic role of Tanshinone II A, a key integrant from salvia miltiorrhiza, against pathological vascular remodeling. Completed ligation of mouse left common carotid arteries animal model and rat smooth muscle cells used to investigate the role of Tanshinone II A in regulating pathological vascular remodeling through hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, adenovirus infection, real time PCR and western blotting. Our data demonstrated that Tanshinone II A treatment suppresses vascular injury-induced neointima formation. In vitro studies on rat smooth muscle cell indicated that Tanshinone II A treatment attenuates PDGF-BB induced cell growth, and promotes smooth muscle cell differentiated marker genes expression that induced by rapamycin treatment. Tanshinone II A treatment significant inhibits rat smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Tanshinone II A promotes KLF4 expression during smooth muscle phenotypic switching. Overexpression of KLF4 exacerbates Tanshinone II A mediated smooth muscle cell growth inhibition. Tanshinone II A plays a pivotal role in regulating pathological vascular remodeling through KLF4 mediated smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. This study demonstrated that Tanshinone II A is a potential therapeutic agent for vascular diseases.
ROR1 is upregulated in endometrial cancer and represents a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Liu Dongli , Gunther Kate , Enriquez Luis A. , Daniels Benjamin , O’Mara Tracy A. , Tang Katrina , Spurdle Amanda B. , Ford Caroline E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractROR1 and ROR2 are receptor tyrosine kinases with altered expression in a range of cancers. Silencing ROR1 or ROR2 in different tumour types has been shown to inhibit proliferation and decrease metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ROR1 and ROR2 in endometrial cancer via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large endometrial cancer patient cohort (n = 499) and through in vitro analysis in endometrial cancer cell lines. Correlation was assessed between ROR1/2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan Meier curves were produced for 5-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with low/moderate versus high ROR1/2 intensity. Cox multivariate regression was applied to analyse the effect of selected covariates on the PFS and OS. The effect of ROR1 and/or ROR2 modulation on cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion was analysed in two endometrial cancer cell lines (KLE and MFE-296). We observed a significant decrease in OS and PFS in patients with high ROR1 expression. ROR1 silencing and ROR2 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells and decreased migration. This study supports the oncogenic role of ROR1 in endometrial cancer, and warrants investigation of future application of ROR1-targeting therapies in endometrial cancer patients.
High levels of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ10) delivered using a drug-lipid conjugate nanodispersion (BPM31510) differentially affect redox status and growth in malignant glioma versus non-tumor cells
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Patel Chirag B. , Jang Taichang , Merchant Milton , Chen Chen , Kazerounian Shiva , Diers Anne R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Vishnudas Vivek K. , Gesta Stephane , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Nagpal Seema , Recht Lawrence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, vs. non-cancer cells, elevates levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to higher oxidative stress. The elevated ROS levels suggest a vulnerability to excess prooxidant loads leading to selective cell death, a therapeutically exploitable difference. Co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10) an endogenous mitochondrial resident molecule, plays an important role in mitochondrial redox homeostasis, membrane integrity, and energy production. BPM31510 is a lipid-drug conjugate nanodispersion specifically formulated for delivery of supraphysiological concentrations of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ10) to the cell and mitochondria, in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of ubidecarenone in the highly treatment-refractory glioblastoma. Rodent (C6) and human (U251) glioma cell lines, and non-tumor human astrocytes (HA) and rodent NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines were utilized for experiments. Tumor cell lines exhibited a marked increase in sensitivity to ubidecarenone vs. non-tumor cell lines. Further, elevated mitochondrial superoxide production was noted in tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells hours before any changes in proliferation or the cell cycle could be detected. In vitro co-culture experiments show ubidecarenone differentially affecting tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells, resulting in an equilibrated culture. In vivo activity in a highly aggressive orthotopic C6 glioma model demonstrated a greater than 25% long-term survival rate. Based on these findings we conclude that high levels of ubidecarenone delivered using BPM31510 provide an effective therapeutic modality targeting cancer-specific modulation of redox mechanisms for anti-cancer effects.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone are negatively regulated by tramadol in osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Ji Chen-Chen , Liu Bo , Shao Yi-Jie , Liang Ting , Jiang Hua-Ye , Chen Guang-Dong , Luo Zong-Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: In the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), tramadol, a common weak opioid, has become popular due to its effectiveness in inhibition of pain. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of tramadol on subchondral bone, especially changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties.
Methods: A mouse model of OA was established in the present study by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). A vehicle or drug was administered for 4 weeks. Specimens were harvested and analyzed radiologically and histologically using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and histological staining to evaluate the knee joints of mice undergoing different forms of intervention.
Results: In the early stages of OA induced by DMM, the subchondral bone volume fraction in the OA group was significantly higher than in the sham+vehicle (sham+veh) group, while the volume in the treatment groups was lower than in the DMM+vehicle (DMM+veh) and sham+veh groups. In addition, the elastic moduli in the treatment groups clearly decreased compared with the DMM+veh and sham+veh groups. Observations of the subchondral bone surface by SEM indicated serious destruction, principally manifesting as a decrease in lacunae and more numerous and scattered cracks. Histological staining demonstrated that there was no difference in the degeneration of either the articular cartilage or synovial cells whether tramadol was used or not.
Conclusion: Although tramadol is effective in inhibiting pain in early OA, it negatively regulates the microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in joints.
Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Print Knowledge in Preschool Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Lund Emily , Miller Carly , Douglas W. Michael , Werfel Krystal 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to examine evidence that (a) published measures may tap different categories of print knowledge and result in disparate findings in the literature, (b) concept vocabulary knowledge in children with hearing loss may exacerbate deficits in conceptual print knowledge, and (c) concept vocabulary can be taught via direct instruction for preschool children with hearing loss.

Method
In Study 1, an item analysis of published print knowledge measures was performed to determine the prevalence of concept vocabulary in test items. Additionally, the performance on a conceptual print knowledge measure was compared for preschool children with and without hearing loss. In Study 2, four preschool children participated in a multiple probe across behaviors treatment design to determine if concept vocabulary could be explicitly taught to children with hearing loss.

Results
Differences emerged in use of concept vocabulary on test items across the measures, which may explain disparate findings that have been reported in this area. Additionally, children with hearing loss performed lower than children with typical hearing on items that contained concept vocabulary but not on items that did not. Finally, we found initial evidence that direct instruction can improve concept vocabulary for children with hearing loss, and it might not be necessary to separately target each concept category.

Conclusion
This series of studies lays groundwork for future research confirming a connection between conceptual print knowledge and conceptual vocabulary knowledge, and offers evidence for intervention that could be used clinically to teach conceptual vocabulary.
Voracious vortices in cataclysmic variables
Authors: Neustroev V. V. , Zharikov S. V. 
Published: August 2020

Context.In Paper I we showed that the accretion disc radius of the dwarf novaHT Casin its quiescent state has not changed significantly during many years of observations. It has remained consistently large, close to the tidal truncation radius. This result is inconsistent with the modern understanding of the evolution of the disc radius through an outburst cycle.Aims.Spectroscopic observations of HT Cas during its superoutburst offered us an exceptional opportunity to compare the properties of the disc of this object in superoutburst and in quiescence.Methods.We obtained a new set of time-resolved spectra of HT Cas in the middle of its 2017 superoutburst. We used Doppler tomography to map emission structures in the system, which we compared with those detected during the quiescent state. We used solutions of the restricted three-body problem to discuss again the location of emission structures and the disc size of HT Cas in quiescence.Results.The superoutburst spectrum is similar in appearance to the quiescent spectra, although the strength of most of the emission lines decreased. However, the high-excitation lines significantly strengthened in comparison with the Balmer lines. Many lines show a mix of broad emission and narrow absorption components. Hαin superoutburst was much narrower than in quiescence. Other emission lines have also narrowed in outburst, but they did not become as narrow as Hα. Doppler maps of Hαin quiescence and of the Hβand He Ilines in outburst are dominated by a bright emission arc at the right side of the tomograms, which is located at and even beyond the theoretical truncation limit. However, the bulk of the Hαemission in outburst has significantly lower velocities.Conclusions.We show that the accretion disc radius of HT Cas during its superoutburst has become hot but remained the same size as it was in quiescence. Instead, we detected cool gas beyond the Roche lobe of the white dwarf that may have been expelled from the hot disc during the superoutburst.
A study on tidal disruption event dynamics around an Sgr A*-like massive black hole
Authors: Clerici A. , Gomboc A. 
Published: August 2020

Context. The number of observed tidal disruption events is increasing rapidly with the advent of new surveys. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to improve tidal disruption event models using different stellar and orbital parameters.
Aims. We study the dynamical behaviour of tidal disruption events produced by an Sgr A*-like massive black hole by changing different initial orbital parameters, taking into account the observed orbits of S stars. Investigating different types of orbits and penetration factors is important since their variations lead to different timescales of the tidal disruption event debris dynamics, making mechanisms such as self-crossing and pancaking act strongly or weakly and thus affecting the circularisation and accretion disc formation.
Methods. We performed smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Each simulation consisted of modelling the star with 105 particles, and the density profile is described by a polytrope with γ = 5/3. The massive black hole was modelled with a generalised post-Newtonian potential, which takes into account the relativistic effects of the Schwarzschild space-time.
Results. Our analyses find that mass return rate distributions of solar-like stars and S-like stars with the same eccentricities have similar durations, but S-like stars have higher mass return rate distributions, as expected due to their larger masses. Regarding debris circularisation, we identify four types of evolution related to the mechanisms and processes involved during circularisation: in type 1, the debris does not circularise efficiently, hence a disc is not formed or is formed after a relatively long time; in type 2, the debris slowly circularises and eventually forms a disc with no debris falling back; in type 3, the debris circularises relatively quickly and forms a disc while there is still debris falling back; in type 4, the debris quickly and efficiently circularises, mainly through self-crossings and shocks, and forms a disc with no debris falling back. Finally, we find that the standard relation of circularisation radius rcirc = 2rt holds only for β = 1 and eccentricities close to parabolic.
Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA
Authors: Villenave M. , Ménard F. , Dent W. R. F. , Duchêne G. , Stapelfeldt K. R. , Benisty M. , Boehler Y. , van der Plas G. , Pinte C. , Telkamp Z. , Wolff S. , Flores C. , Lesur G. , Louvet F. , Riols A. , Dougados C. , Williams H. , Padgett D. 
Published: August 2020

Aims. We aim to study vertical settling and radial drift of dust in protoplanetary disks from a different perspective: an edge-on view. An estimation of the amplitude of settling and drift is highly relevant to understanding planet formation.
Methods. We analyze a sample of 12 HST-selected edge-on protoplanetary disks (i.e., seen with high inclinations) for which the vertical extent of the emission layers can be constrained directly. We present ALMA high angular resolution continuum images (~0.1′′) of these disks at two wavelengths, 0.89 and 2.06 mm (respectively ALMA bands 7 and 4), supplemented with archival band 6 data (1.33 mm) where available.
Results. Several sources show constant brightness profiles along their major axis with a steep drop at the outer edges. Two disks have central holes with additional compact continuum emission at the location of the central star. For most sources, the millimeter continuum emission is more compact than the scattered light, both in the vertical and radial directions. Six sources are resolved along their minor axis in at least one millimetric band, providing direct information on the vertical distribution of the millimeter grains. For the second largest disk of the sample, Tau 042021, the significant difference in vertical extent between band 7 and band 4 suggests efficient size-selective vertical settling of large grains. Furthermore, the only Class I object in our sample shows evidence of flaring in the millimeter. Along the major axis, all disks are well resolved. Four of them are larger in band 7 than in band 4 in the radial direction, and three have a similar radial extent in all bands. These three disks are also the ones with the sharpest apparent edges (between 80% and 20% of the peak flux, Δr∕r ~ 0.3), and two of them are binaries. For all disks, we also derive the millimeter brightness temperature and spectral index maps. We find that all edge-on disks in our sample are likely optically thick and that the dust emission reveals low brightness temperatures in most cases (brightness temperatures ≤10 K). The integrated spectral indices are similar to those of disks at lower inclination.
Conclusions. The comparison of a generic radiative transfer disk model with our data shows that at least three disks are consistent with a small millimeter dust scale height, of a few au (measured at r = 100 au). This is in contrast with the more classical value of hg ~ 10 au derived from scattered light images and from gas line measurements. These results confirm, by direct observations, that large (millimeter) grains are subject to significant vertical settling in protoplanetary disks.