bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of co-occurring epichloid endophytes, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulating their benefits to grasses and legumes.
Authors: García-Parisi P. A. , Omacini M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Symbiotic interactions are very extended in nature and their multiple co-occurrence among plants, fungi and bacteria is highly likely within a community. Thus, a single plant can harbour different strains, species or types of symbionts. Furthermore, at the neighbourhood level, the co-occurrence of grasses and legumes is a frequent event associated with their specific (endophyte, rhizobia) or generalist (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) symbionts. The simultaneous presence of two symbionts may induce additive or interactive effects (i.e. synergisms or antagonisms) both at plant and neighbourhood level. In this chapter, we explore the responses of plants when two symbionts are present within the same host or within neighbouring plants. Here we review studies researching the effects of epichloid endophytes and systemic and asymptomatic fungal symbionts of grasses on colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their consequences on host plant performance. Also, we explore the current knowledge related to the presence of epichloid endophyte and AMF on the host grass affecting legume-rhizobia interaction, whether coexisting in the neighbourhood or growing after grass dies. Interestingly, endophyte effects go beyond the host and impact on other symbioses, either within the host or established in co-occurring plants in the neighbourhood. Endophytes either increase or impair AMF colonization within the host, and both symbionts can have interactive or additive effects on host performance, depending on the grass, endophyte and AMF species, and on the abiotic and biotic environment. Furthermore, endophyte presence on the host grass can affect different attributes at community level through altering the performance of a neighbouring legume, or one that grows after grass dies. As an outcome, the effects of these specific symbionts can result in potential public benefits for non-host plants through the propagation of interactive effects of several symbionts to the whole symbiosis influence area, the symbiosphere. The benefits give rise to the appearance of agroecosystem processes or services that could favour their sustainability.
Measure liquid viscosity by tracking falling ball Automatically depending on image processing algorithm
Authors: Ali Sarah H , Al-Zuky Ali Abid D , Al-Saleh Anwar H , Mohamad Haidar J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Abstrac. A fast method presented within this paper to find transparent liquid viscosity. An introduced tracking algorithm in image processing used to find a terminal velocity automatically of a falling ball in a tube that filled with a tested liquid. Terminal velocity considered an important parameter to find a liquid viscosity. Therefore, four iron balls, with different diameters and a smartphone camera are used to measure the falling ball terminal velocity. The estimated velocity from the introduced algorithm is compared with the calculated velocity and shows a good matching. The second algorithm used to estimate the viscosity of the tested liquid. The limitation of the ball diameter around 5mm to measure the terminal velocity. The result shows error matching between the fitting data and the estimated data ranging (0.00-0.1%). This method is a faster and easier experiment to use to find any transparent liquid viscosity comparing with a viscometer.
Effect of Adding BaTiO3 to PVDF as Nano Generator
Authors: Hussein Amel D , Sabry Raad S , Abdul Azeez Dakhil Osama , Bagherzadeh Roohollah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerator based on a composite structure formed of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) as the matrix and Barium Titanate BaTiO3 nanospherical after dissolving them in a solvent of Dimethyl Sulfoxide DMSO/Acetone in (1/3 v/v) then spanning it’s homogeneous solution on Aluminum foil. structural and morphology analyses that of fabricated nanofibers characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope and the electrical output of piezoelectric membrane devices was measured by using oscilloscope. The electrical output of different samples were measured for the pure powder PVDF and for composite PVDF& BaTiO3. The highest PVDF composite piezoelectrically generated voltage for samples with BaTiO3 (20%PVDF & 25% BT) wt. %. where improved to 6 V in general the addition of BT Nc increases the piezoelectric response of electrospun PVDFnanofibers.
Calibration of CR-39 for different heights of radon dosimeters and application of radon concentration in Mahajran River sediment in Basra Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Jebur Jabbar H , R H Subber Abdul , Tuama Saadon Wejood 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Radon and its progenies are the main cause of lung cancer when they are trapped inside the lungs. Therefore, the radon activity concentration in air, water and soil samples should be measured, monitored and analysed. In this paper, river sediment samples collected from 30 different locations of Mahajran River, Basra, Iraq, were studied by using solid-state nuclear track detector type CR39. The track detector used for this purpose must be calibrated for concentrations of radon, Thoron and their daughters likely to be found in samples. The chamber used in the present calibration work had a volume of 125 L and contained a standard radon source (226Ra) and radon distribution fan. Results illustrated the dependence of the CR-39 calibration factor on the dosimeter height. The calibration factor used in this application was 0.34±0.0 Tr/cm2·day / Bq·m−3 for a height of 10 cm.
Fiber Communication System based on FBG as Dispersion Compensator, Design an Experimental Setup
Authors: Kadhim Shehab A , Kazr Karrar A , Ali Alaa H , Mahmood Aseel I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The technological progress in the means of transmission of information is very fast and it became necessary to obtain high speed in data transmission and high rate of data. Therefore, optical communication systems are the leading methods in this field because they cover these needs, but despite all these characteristics, there is a problem, And we will get rid of this problem in practice in this research through the use of two separate and different wavelengths and connect them to the Wavelength Division Multiplexing and send them to a distance of 3 Km and calculate the amount of dispersion in the signal to the outside of the Optical spectrum analyzer with and without Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings.
Material Imaging Via X-RAY Emitted from laser produced plasma
Authors: Mohammed Jassim Nadia , Abdulhadi Abed Zaid , Nsaif Jasim Ahmed , Mohammed Jassim Izdehar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present work represented to the new idea techinque of imaging material through X-ray emitted from laser produced plasma, here, the plasma intensity in uv-visible region spectrum was measurment from the interaction of the 1.06μm of nedumium-glass laser pulse duration of energy 4J, with five target laser: Al, Cu, C, Pb and Stainless Steel(St.St). Astudy of the X-ray emission intensity as a function of laser produced plasma density and surrouding pressure has been a complished using a high sensitive photon detection and counting technique assoicated with an X-ray intensifying screen whose function is based on X-ray florescence. the stainless –stell target was found to have the highest plasma emission intensity, and as a result it has higher X-ray emission intensity. the results show that the plasma X-ray emission intensity is increased with decreasing surrouding pressure, while this emission intensity is increased with increasing the laser power density. In order to study the spatial scanning of transmitted plasma X-ray intensity and study the factors affecting the x-ray imaging process, a special designed Cu specimen of varying thickness was used. The spatial scanning of transmitted x-ray emission intensity shows a comparative picture to the Cu specimen from the recorded x-ray intensity, in which it decreases at thicker region acorrding to lamberts absorbtion law.
On α–field and β–field
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim S , Ebrahim Hassan H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is, first, to introduce and study the concept of α–field as a generalization of field, σ–field and δ–field, and we discuss the properties of this concept. Furthermore, we study the relationships between σ–field and σ–field. As a first σ–field is α–field. second, to introduce the concept of β–field as a generalization of σ–field, β–σ–field and ring. So, we prove that every σ–field is β–field and we obtain some important results deals with this concept. Finally, we introduce and study the concept of restriction of β– field and we prove that, if ℘ is a β– field of a set ℵ and K is a non-empty subsets of ℵ. Then ℘|K is a β–field of a set K.
On B*c – adherent points and its properties
Authors: Aziz Hussain Al – Abdulla Raad , Kadhim Al - shabbani Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced study about a basic properties of adherent points by the class B*c – open. Also, we showed properties accumulation points by using B*c – open sets and we provided the relation among adherent points, β – adherent points and B*c – adherent points. Also, accumulation points, β – accumulation points and B*c – accumulation points.
Improve “2SLS” Method by Genetic algorithm with application
Authors: Sabri Alaa H , Ridha Sabah M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper explore potential power of Genetic Algorithm for optimization by using new MATLAB, most of the robust methods based on the idea of sacrificing in one side versus promotion another, the artificial intelligence mechanisms try to balance sacrifice and promotion to make the best solutions in a random search technique. In this paper, a new idea was introduced to improve the estimators of parameters of linear simultaneous equation models that resulting from the 2SLS method by using a class of genetic algorithm which called binary genetic algorithm (GA) and better estimates were obtained using two robust different criteria.
A new Method for Solutions Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind
Authors: Abdullah Al-Miah Jalil Talab , Shuaa Taie Ali Hussein 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is applying a new method for Numerical Solutions of the Linear Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equation of 2ndkind(LV-FIE2K), this method is Touchard Polynomials (T-Ps) method, it’s will yield results high resolution of (N-S). The algorithm and examples that be given to interpret the behaviour of the solutions in this method and matched it with the Exact Solution (E-S).
Generalized Gibbons-Hawking-York term for f(R) gravity
Authors: Alhamawi Ahmed , Alhamawi Rahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A derivation of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term for modified gravity metric is presented. The GHY term is generalized for the case of f(R) modified gravity. It is shown that a stable set of field equations can be formed with aid of the new GHY term for the case of f(R) gravity action. It is proven that the new term demands no particular value of δga or ∂Lδga on the boundary. Finally, the surface terms are shown to vanish in the derivation of the new equations.
Decoding With Erased Elements Provocation
Authors: Abdallah Alawsi Wasan , Ch Alisawi Wisam , Jasim Sabib Donya , Sekhi Methaq K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Modern telecommunication technologies play a decisive role in the methods of organization and structure of the construction of existing and projected mobile IAUs or specialized control systems designed to collect a given set of information about managed objects and, in accordance with the objective function, to manage these objects.
Arabic speech recognition using phase parameter
Authors: Hassan Tariq A. , Salim Duraid T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the main idea is to investigate the ability of the information presented in the speech signal phase in contributing in the speech recognition system. The database that we used is Arabic words (20 words) pronounced by 10 speakers in different times. The system adopts single frequency signals strategy by using filter bank in feature extraction stage. Gaussian model is used as a classifier. The results shows that will be absolutely error to ignore the phase parameter, especially in some system like MFCC and PLP models, which used only spectrum information. No comparisons are made; the paper is just examining the phase parameter under different circumstance, which include different Filterbank channels and different database styles (clean and noisy utterance).
Synthesis, Characterization and Study biological activity of some New Derivatives of Steroid analogs.
Authors: AL-Rida Nabeel A.A. , Farhan Ali M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe search includes a new series of hydrazide- hydrazone derivatives [12-14] as well as 1,3,4- Oxidiazole[7, 8] for steroid analog (methyl((5-pregnen-3β,17-diol-15-yl) thio) propanoate) were synthesized throw react ester group with Hydrazine Hydrate in presence DMF to obtained carbohydrazide derivative (4), then the 1,3,4-Oxodiazole are prepared by interaction Benzoic Acid substituted with steroid (4) in presence Phosphorous Oxy Chloride as catalyst. while Hydrazide-hydrazone are prepared by react the steroid (4) with aromatic aldehydes or ketone by catalyzes HOAc. Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds have been elucidated by means of IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR,2D (HMBC, HSQC) and C.H.N Analysis.
Statistical Evalution of Safety Procedures and Chemical Security in Chemical Laboratories / College Ibn Al Haitham
Authors: Ali Ahmed Saad , Hadi Mahdi Khalid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to minimize the significant incidents in chemical laboratories, specially the academic laboratories, one must be able to identify and evaluate hazards. Familiar with safety rules and responsibilities. Assessing implementation of safety rules and securities. The aim of this paper is to for the evaluate and assess the of chemical safety procedures and chemical policies in academic laboratories using statistical questionnaire. A form is written, suggested two main parts, safety and security. Safety part includes three classes, hardware requirements, training and application of safety procedures. the second part is security. The form design is based on four points Likert scale. The forms were distributed to more than 90 persons who works in the chemistry department laboratories, of Ibn Al Haitham college of education, university of Baghdad. Statistical analysis is carried out using IBM Statistics SPSS, Version 24,2016. an internal consistency reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha measuring scale, a value of 83.4 % was achieved it indicates a good reliability. The research emphasized a shortage in the application of safety procedures due to the lack of hardware requirements, as well as training. Control banding chemical uses in research and education laboratories, checklists and development of standard operating procedures are the most important things to achieve the safety in chemical laboratories.
Solid Sulfamic acid Catalyst for Glucose Production
Authors: Sager A G , Hello K M , Talaq M A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Silica from rice husk ash was immobilized with sulfamic acid to form strong solid acid catalyst labeled as RHANS (RH = Rice Husk). The spectroscopic evidence confirms that the sulfamic acid was heterogenized onto silica. The XPS with the elemental analysis shows the presence of C, N, S, O, and Si onto RHANS. The FT-IR spectra supported both XPS and elemental analysis via showing the presence of NH2, SO2, CH2, and Si-O-Si functional groups which include the elements showing by XPS and elemental analysis. The RHANS had 139 m2 g−1 as a specific surface area with thermal stability reached to 252°C according to the TGA. The AFM, TEM and SEM showed that the RHANS had nano shape. The RHANS was efficient catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis to glucose. Approximately 96% of glucose was formed with in 2 h at 140°C over RHANS. The repeatable catalyst was stable during the cellulose hydrolysis without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Removal of oil content in oilfield produced water using chemically modified kiwi peels as efficient low-cost adsorbent
Authors: Saleh Jafer Ali , Hassan Ali A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adsorption was deliberate as a meaning of quantity of adsorbent and pH with contact time. It was found that the percentage of adsorption changed linearly with the quantity of dosage and time nonetheless varienon-linearly by pH. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were verified and adsorption was found in appropriate healthy into these models. The removal of oil content in oilfield produced water was inspected by kiwi peels. Kiwi peels were preserved with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, followed by sulfuric acid with 0.1 M, and washed methodically. The got correlation coefficient (R2) for different dose optional suitable of the experimental data to Freundlich model for oil content in producing water. Results presented that modified kiwi peels were active and low cost adsorbent can be productively rummage-sale for the elimination of oil content in produced water.
Lipid Profile Survey in an adults in An-Najaf/Iraq: A cross-Sectional study
Authors: Al-Koofee Dhafer A F , Mohammed Ismail Jawad , Algenabi Abdulhussein A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The idea for this work was to assess the frequency of lipid profile in patients at the clinical chemistry laboratory of Al-Sader Medical city in An Najaf/Iraq from January to April 2018. Methods: The current work was conducted in clinical chemistry laboratory, Al-Sader medical city, An-Najaf, Iraq after institutional ethical approval and informed, to describe an observational and analytical study of outpatients, between January 2018 and April 2018. A total outpatient number of 820 who were visit the medical city for either check up or complain from an abnormal health state were involved in the this study. Age and sex of patients were ≥ 18 years ( 404male, 414 female). Results: Triglyceride levels and HDL –c levels were associated with gender and age not associated with occupational class or deprivation category. This contributed to the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: The findings of this study hyperlipidemia affects on the large number of Najaf population. This study suggest the variations in lipid profile association with gender and age may be largely attributed to potentially modifiable factors such as obesity, physical activity and dietary intake.
Determination celiprolol hydrochloride drug by used zero, first, second and third order derivative and peak area spectrophotometry method in its pure form and in pharmaceutical tablets
Authors: Halboos Mohanad H , Ammar Sayhood Aayad , Ala’a Hussein Tamara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An easy, specified, accurate, precise and reproducible quantitative analyses for determination of celiprolol hydrochloride drug by used used zero, first, second and third order derivative and peak area spectrophotometry method. The suggest methods determined the drug in the concentration range (0.5-30) μg.mL−1, at 286.6 nm for 0th order, at 306.6 and 272.2 nm for 1st order, at 319.2, 289.8 and 250.2 nm for 2nd order and at 325.6, 304.8, 242.2 and 219.6 nm for 3rd order derivative spectrophotometry, respectively. The peak area spectrophotometry method also used in the same range for determining celiprolol hydrochloride, at (284.4-379.2) and (248.6-284.4) nm for 1st order, at (306.4-372.2), (271.2-306.4) and (239.4-271.2) nm for 2nd order, and at (318.6-363.8), (290.4-318.6), (233.2-250.4) and (210.8-233.2) nm for 3rd order, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the methods used was calculated and the results were highly satisfactory. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated for the suggested methods, Where (LOD) was within range (0.0124-0.0632) μg.mL−1, and (LOQ) within range (0.0415-0.1632) μg.mL−1. The methods were successful in application when estimating celiprolol hydrochloride drug on some pharmaceutical tablets available in the local markets.
The study of oxidant-antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Farhood H B , Aljabery R N , Majid A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered a major initiator of oxidative stress which leads to the formation of free radicals and consequently lipid peroxidation occurs, which leads to tissue damage and diabetes mellitus development. Free radicals have been defined as intermediates of some biological redox reactions necessary for the maintenance of life. In presence of a free radical initiator and oxygen they may be oxidized this leading to lipid peroxidation, as it was suggested, might be associated with running out of hydrogen. In particular lipid peroxidation measured as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione (GSH), an intracellular thiol causes the eradication of free radicals or reduction in hydrogen peroxide level on state of oxidative stress. Decrease in the reduced GSH level has been reported in the erythrocyte of diabetics. Decrease in the level of GSH occurs both due to the competition between aldose reductase and glutathione reductase for NADPH, a cofactor, and increased oxidative stress (increased ratio of NADH/NAD). This study was conducted on 60 subjects. Informed consent was obtained from each person who agreed to participate in this study, while the survey was based on standardized interviews and questionnaire. Subjects were grouped as type 2-diabetics and healthy control with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 5.50 mmol/L. The ages ranged from 18 to 50 years. Glucose was determined by an enzymatic colorimetric test on basis of Trinder-Reaction. MDA was performed as described by Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric), while the levels of GSH in all subjects were measured by the DetectX® Glutathione kit. The results show a significant elevation (P ≤ 0.05) in levels of glucose and MDA of type 2- diabetic patients in comparison with healthy subjects, which reached to 16.30 ± 0.50 mmol/L and 0.87 ± 0.19 nmol/mL for the type 2-diabetic patients, and 4.60 ± 0.15mmol L and 0.29 ± 0.5 nmol/mL for the control group, respectively. Also, it has been found a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in GSH levels in type 2- diabetic patients, which reached to 3.43 ± 0.91 µM/mL in comparison with the control group which reached to 6.13±0.21 µM/mL. In conclusion we can observe that the increase in glucose levels leads to free radical formation by auto-oxidation and increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), and inadequate antioxidant defense can occur during DM. In addition, GSH deficiency will make the present state worse by increasing the oxidative stress, since GSH is an important antioxidant.
Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Chromium(III) and Iron(III) Mixed Ligand Complexes
Authors: AL-Noor Taghreed H , Hameed Reiam F , El-ajaily Marei M , Maihub Abdussalam A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) and L phenylalanine (Phy) compounds were used to prepare two mixed ligand complexes with Cr (III) and Fe (III) ions. The synthesized complexes are characterized by using conductivity measurement and different spectral methods like FT-IR and UV- Vis. Molar conductance and analytical studies confirmed that the complexes exhibit octahedral geometry., suggest that the complexes are formed in 1: 1: 2 [L: Metal: 2phe] ratio and they proposed to have the general formulae [M(Cur)(phe)2] Cl (M=Cr (III) and Fe (III) The compound dyeing method was studied and applied to acrylic fabric.The antibacterial activity of curcumin, phenylalanine and their mixed ligand complexes were examined on pathogenic bacterial strains and showed good results,