bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the necessity of bone augmentation for distal radius fracture fixed with a volar locking plate: a retrospective study
Authors: Chang Feng-Shuo , Chen Chih-Hui , Lee Cheng-Hung , Lee Kun-Tsan , Cho Yi-Cheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple approaches for fixation of distal radius fractures exist; nonetheless, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment for these injuries. Although using volar locking plates has become increasingly common as a surgical intervention, the usefulness of bone augmentation remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the necessity of bone augmentation for distal radius fractures fixed with a volar locking plate.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients with a single distal radius fracture treated with a volar locking plate between January 2014 and December 2016. Overall, 105 fractures were included and divided into two groups (non-bone augmentation: group 1, n = 88; bone augmentation: group 2, n = 17). Images were reviewed, and dorsal cortex collapse, volar tilting, and radial height and inclination were measured immediately after surgery and at the 6-month follow-up.

Results
Both groups exhibited significant differences in dorsal collapse (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and radial height shortening (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively); volar tilting and radial inclination did not differ significantly. There was no difference in the degree of dorsal collapse (p = 0.715) and radial height shortening (p = 0.651) between the two groups. Of the 105 fractures, 54 were identified as comminuted type according to the AO classification (A3, C2, and C3), and similar radiographic outcomes were noted.

Conclusions
Volar locking plates for the treatment of distal radius fractures with or without bone augmentation do not affect the radiographic outcomes. In comminuted fractures, additional bone augmentation is unnecessary if intraoperative anatomical reduction and fixation are performed when possible.
Tissue adhesive for wound closure in enhanced-recovery total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized and controlled study
Authors: Kong Xiangpeng , Yang Minzhi , Cao Zheng , Chen Jiying , Chai Wei , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to present our experience of adopting tissue adhesive as adjunct to standard wound closure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluate its performance.

Methods
From September 2019 to November 2019, we prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral THA in this randomized and controlled study. Standard wound closure was applied on one side of hip while additional tissue adhesive was applied on the other side at random. We collected and analyzed patients’ information, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), dressing changes, wound evaluation scores, wound-related cost and complications.

Results
Thirty patients with simultaneous bilateral THA were enrolled in this study. During the hospital stay, the times of dressing change in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly less than that in the other hips (p = 0.000). However, the wound-related cost in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly higher (p = 0.000). According to patients’ feedback at one-month follow-up, wound evaluation of hips with tissue adhesive was significantly better than the other hips (p = 0.004). Seventeen patients preferred tissue adhesive and only five patients preferred standard wound closure.

Conclusions
Tissue adhesive could significantly reduce wound drainage and increase patients’ satisfaction, which can be an ideal adjunct to standard wound closure in enhanced-recovery THA.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR1900025730; Registered 6 September 2019.
Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans
Authors: Toyoshima Yu , Wu Stephen , Kanamori Manami , Sato Hirofumi , Jang Moon Sun , Oe Suzu , Murakami Yuko , Teramoto Takayuki , Park Chanhyun , Iwasaki Yuishi , Ishihara Takeshi , Yoshida Ryo , Iino Yuichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnnotation of cell identity is an essential process in neuroscience that allows comparison of cells, including that of neural activities across different animals. InCaenorhabditis elegans, although unique identities have been assigned to all neurons, the number of annotatable neurons in an intact animal has been limited due to the lack of quantitative information on the location and identity of neurons.ResultsHere, we present a dataset that facilitates the annotation of neuronal identities, and demonstrate its application in a comprehensive analysis of whole-brain imaging. We systematically identified neurons in the head region of 311 adult worms using 35 cell-specific promoters and created a dataset of the expression patterns and the positions of the neurons. We found large positional variations that illustrated the difficulty of the annotation task. We investigated multiple combinations of cell-specific promoters driving distinct fluorescence and generated optimal strains for the annotation of most head neurons in an animal. We also developed an automatic annotation method with human interaction functionality that facilitates annotations needed for whole-brain imaging.ConclusionOur neuron ID dataset and optimal fluorescent strains enable the annotation of most neurons in the head region of adultC. elegans, both in full-automated fashion and a semi-automated version that includes human interaction functionalities. Our method can potentially be applied to model species used in research other thanC. elegans, where the number of available cell-type-specific promoters and their variety will be an important consideration.
Are environmental area characteristics at birth associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children? Findings from the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the south of England
Authors: Wilding Sam , Ziauddeen Nida , Smith Dianna , Roderick Paul , Chase Debbie , Alwan Nisreen A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Geographical inequalities in overweight and obesity prevalence among children are well established in cross-sectional research. We aimed to examine how environmental area characteristics at birth are related to these outcomes in childhood.

Methods
Anonymised antenatal and birth data recorded by University Hospital Southampton linked to school-measured weight and height data for children within Southampton, UK, were utilised (14,084 children at ages 4–5 and 5637 at ages 10–11). Children’s home address at birth was analysed at the Lower and Middle layer Super Output Area (LSOA/MSOA) levels (areas with average populations of 1500 and 7000, respectively). Area-level indices (walkability, relative density of unhealthy food outlets, spaces for social interaction), natural greenspace coverage, supermarket density and measures of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10 and NOx) were constructed using ArcGIS Network Analyst. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) greater than the 85th centile for sex and age. Population-average generalised estimating equations estimated the risk of being overweight/obese for children at both time points. Confounders included maternal BMI and smoking in early pregnancy, education, ethnicity and parity. We also examined associations for a subgroup of children who moved residence between birth and outcome measurement.

Results
There were mixed results between area characteristics at birth and overweight/obesity at later ages. MSOA relative density of unhealthy food outlets and PM10 were positively associated with overweight/obesity, but not among children who moved. LSOA greenspace coverage was negatively associated with the risk of being overweight/obese at ages 10–11 in all children (relative risk ratio 0.997, 95% confidence interval 0.995–0.999, p = 0.02) and among children who moved.

Conclusions
Local access to natural greenspaces at the time of birth was inversely associated with becoming overweight or obese by age 10–11, regardless of migration. Increased access/protection of greenspace may have a role in the early prevention of childhood obesity.
Clinical outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with and without diabetes mellitus: The EU-CaRE multicenter cohort study
Authors: Eser Prisca , Marcin Thimo , Prescott Eva , Prins Leonie F. , Kolkman Evelien , Bruins Wendy , van der Velde Astrid E. , Peña-Gil Carlos , Iliou Marie-Christine , Ardissino Diego , Zeymer Uwe , Meindersma Esther P. , Van’tHof Arnoud. W. J. , de Kluiver Ed P. , Laimer Markus , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of current cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs across seven European countries between elderly cardiac patients with and without DM.Methods1633 acute and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and patients after valve intervention with an age 65 or above who participated in comprehensive CR (3 weeks to 3 months, depending on centre) were included. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), body mass index, resting systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed before start of CR, at termination of CR (variable time point), and 12 months after start of CR, with no intervention after CR. Baseline values and changes from baseline to 12-month follow-up were compared between patients with and without DM using mixed models, and mortality and hospitalisation rates using logistic regression.Results430 (26.3%) patients had DM. Patients with DM had more body fat, lower educational level, more comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors, and more advanced CAD. Both groups increased their VO2peak over the study period but with a significantly lower improvement from baseline to follow-up in patients with DM. In the DM group, change in HbA1c was associated with weight change but not with change in absolute VO2peak. 12-month cardiac mortality was higher in patients with DM.ConclusionsWhile immediate improvements in VO2peak after CR in elderly patients with and without DM were similar, 12-month maintenance of this improvement was inferior in patients with DM, possibly related to disease progression. Glycemic control was less favourable in diabetic patients needing insulin in the short- and long-term. Since glycemic control was only related to weight loss but not to increase in exercise capacity, this highlights the importance of weight loss in obese DM patients during CR.Trial registrationNTR5306 at trialregister.nl; trial registered 07/16/2015;https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5166
Isolation, characterization and application of theophylline-degrading Aspergillus fungi
Authors: Zhou Binxing , Ma Cunqiang , Xia Tao , Li Xiaohong , Zheng Chengqin , Wu Tingting , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline are main purine alkaloid in tea. Theophylline is the downstream metabolite and it remains at a very low level in Camellia sinensis. In our previous study, Aspergillus sydowii could convert caffeine into theophylline in solid-state fermentation of pu-erh tea through N-demethylation. In this study, tea-derived fungi caused theophylline degradation in the solid-state fermentation. The purpose of this study is identify and isolate theophylline-degrading fungi and investigate their application in production of methylxanthines with theophylline as feedstock through microbial conversion.

Results
Seven tea-derived fungi were collected and identified by ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger and A. sydowii associated with solid-state fermentation of pu-erh tea have shown ability to degrade theophylline in liquid culture. Particularly, A. ustus and A. tamarii could degrade theophylline highly significantly (p < 0.01). 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, 3-methyluric acid, xanthine and uric acid were detected consecutively by HPLC in A. ustus and A. tamarii, respectively. The data from absolute quantification analysis suggested that 3-methylxanthine and xanthine were the main degraded metabolites in A. ustus and A. tamarii, respectively. 129.48 ± 5.81 mg/L of 3-methylxanthine and 159.11 ± 10.8 mg/L of xanthine were produced by A. ustus and A. tamarii in 300 mg/L of theophylline liquid medium, respectively.

Conclusions
For the first time, we confirmed that isolated A. ustus, A. tamarii degrade theophylline through N-demethylation and oxidation. We were able to biologically produce 3-methylxanthine and xanthine efficiently from theophylline through a new microbial synthesis platform with A. ustus and A. tamarii as appropriate starter strains.
Serum lipid levels are the risk factors of gallbladder stones: a population-based study in China
Authors: Wang Jiwen , Shen Sheng , Wang Bo , Ni Xiaojian , Liu Han , Ni Xiaoling , Yu Rong , Suo Tao , Liu Houbao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Gallstones are the cause of a majority of biliary tract discomfort. Although many community-based studies have addressed the risk factors for gallstone disease (GSD), little is known about GSD prevalence and risk factors in Chinese populations.

Methods
From January 2014 to January 2015, participants (N = 2,068,523) were recruited by Meinian Onehealth Healthcare Co., Ltd. They received a physical examination, and GSD was determined by ultrasound.

Results
The prevalence of GSD was 8.1%. Risks of GSD were similar between males and females in all age groups. Risk factors for gallstones include body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical activity, as well as biological factors such as age, sex, and elevated blood lipid levels. Serum lipid levels of GSD were statistically different from controls in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (H-DL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and apolipoprotein B (APOB). Furthermore, TC > 5.00 mmol/L, TG > 1.39 mmol/L, HDL < 1.19 mmol/L, LDL > 3.04 mmol/L, and APOB > 0.97 mmol/L were risk factors for gallstones.

Conclusions
Serum lipid levels are associated with GSD. TC, TG, LDL, and APOB are risk factors, while HDL is a protective factor.
Astaxanthin-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (ATX-LPN): assessment of potential otoprotective effects
Authors: Gu Jiayi , Chen Yuming , Tong Ling , Wang Xueling , Yu Dehong , Wu Hao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Ototoxicity is one of the major side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy, especially cisplatin therapy. To date, no FDA approved agents to alleviate or prevent this ototoxicity are available. However, ototoxicity is generally believed to be produced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inner ear, thus leading to the development of various antioxidants, which act as otoprotective agents. Astaxanthin (ATX) is an interesting candidate in the development of new therapies for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related pathologies, owing to its unique antioxidant capacity.

Methods and results
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential antioxidant properties of ATX in the inner ear by using the HEI-OC1 cell line, zebrafish, and guinea pigs. Because ATX has poor solubility and cannot pass through round window membranes (RWM), we established lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPN) for loading ATX. The LPN enabled ATX to penetrate RWM and maintain concentrations in the perilymph in the inner ear for 24 h after a single injection. ATX-LPN were found to have favorable biocompatibility and to strongly affect cisplatin-induced generation of ROS, on the basis of DCFHDA staining in HEI-OC1 cells. JC-1 and MitoTracker Green staining suggested that ATX-LPN successfully reversed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by cisplatin in vitro and rescued cells from early stages of apoptosis, as demonstrated by FACS stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI. Moreover, ATX-LPN successfully attenuated OHC losses in cultured organ of Corti and animal models (zebrafish and guinea pigs) in vivo. In investigating the protective mechanism of ATX-LPN, we found that ATX-LPN decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase 3/9 and cytochrome-c) and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, the activation of JNK induced by CDDP was up-regulated and then decreased after the administration of ATX-LPN, while P38 stayed unchanged.

Conclusions
To best of our knowledge, this is first study concluded that ATX-LPN as a new therapeutic agent for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Correlation of skull morphology and bite force in a bird-eating bat (Ia io; Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Shi Biye , Wang Yuze , Gong Lixin , Chang Yang , Liu Tong , Zhao Xin , Lin Aiqing , Feng Jiang , Jiang Tinglei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenetic and ecological factors influence morphology, and morphology is compatible with function. The morphology and bite performance of skulls of bats show a number of characteristic feeding adaptations. The great evening bat,Ia io(Thomas, 1902), eats both insects and birds (Thabah et al. J Mammal 88: 728-735, 2007), and as such, it is considered to represent a case of dietary niche expansion from insects to birds. How the skull morphology or bite force inI. ioare related to the expanded diet (that is, birds) remains unknown. We used three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the skulls and measurements of bite force and diets fromI. ioand 13 other species of sympatric or closely related bat species to investigate the characteristics and the correlation of skull morphology and bite force to diets.ResultsSignificant differences in skull morphology and bite force among species and diets were observed in this study. Similar to the carnivorous bats, bird-eaters (I. io) differed significantly from insectivorous bats;I. iohad a larger skull size, taller crania, wider zygomatic arches, shorter but robust mandibles, and larger bite force than the insectivores. The skull morphology of bats was significantly associated with bite force whether controlling for phylogeny or not, but no significant correlations were found between diets and the skulls, or between diets and residual bite force, after controlling for phylogeny.ConclusionsThese results indicated that skull morphology was independent of diet, and phylogeny had a greater impact on skull morphology than diet in these species. The changes in skull size and morphology have led to variation in bite force, and finally different bat species feeding on different foods. In conclusion,I. iohas a larger skull size, robust mandibles, shortened dentitions, longer coronoid processes, expanded angular processes, low condyles, and taller cranial sagittal crests, and wider zygomatic arches that provide this species with mechanical advantages; their greater bite force may help them use larger and hard-bodied birds as a dietary component.
Flexible work arrangements in open workspaces and relations to occupational stress, need for recovery and psychological detachment from work
Authors: Mache Stefanie , Servaty Ricarda , Harth Volker 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The trend is going into the direction of flexible work arrangements in open workspaces in which employees can decide where and when to work. The aim of this study was to analyze effects of a transition to open workspaces including Activity Based Working (ABW) on employees’ working conditions and their levels of occupational stress, need for recovery and psychological detachment from work.

Methods
Employees of a large technology company responded to a baseline and two follow-up measurements over one year. Data were collected via online survey assessing the employees’ mental demands, workload, job autonomy, support from supervisor, team collaboration, satisfaction with communication climate and three well-being outcomes (occupational stress, need for recovery and psychological detachment from work). Descriptive statistical analyses, analyses of variance and regression analyses were applied to test the hypotheses.

Results
Significant differences in working conditions were found after the transition, e.g. reduced mental demands, but an increased workload. Job autonomy, team collaboration and satisfaction with communication climate increased. Levels of occupational stress decreased significantly over time. Regression analyses revealed substantial associations between flexible work arrangements, job resources and occupational stress.

Conclusion
The results contribute to the current knowledge on flexible work arrangements in open work spaces. They can be used to design future work settings aimed at increasing employees’ well-being and job performance. Further practical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Evaluating the myopia progression control efficacy of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition spectacle lenses (PALs) in 6- to 12-year-old children: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yan , Fu Yafei , Wang Kai , Liu Zhiming , Shi Xiaoqing , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Myopia is increasing in prevalence and is currently recognized as a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in China. Once myopia develops, appropriate clinical interventions need to be prescribed to slow its progression. Currently, several publications indicate that myopic defocus (MD) retards eye growth and myopia progression. However, no clinical trials have compared the outcomes of different MD spectacle lenses in the same observational group, especially in mainland China. The aim of the present study is to compare the myopia control efficiency of two different MD spectacle lenses: defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition lenses (PALs).

Methods
The trial is designed as a 3-year, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of schoolchildren treated with DIMS lenses and PALs. A total of 600 Chinese primary school children aged 6–12 years will be recruited, and each group is intended to include 300 subjects. The inclusion criteria are myopia between − 1.00 and − 5.00 diopters and astigmatism ≤ 1.50 diopters. The follow-up time points will be 1 month (m), 3 m, 6 m, 12 m, 18 m, 24 m, 30 m, and 36 m. The primary outcome will be determined by the difference between the two groups in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction between baseline and the last follow-up visit. The secondary outcome is the axial length, and the exploratory outcomes include ocular biometric measures, peripheral refraction, binocular vision, accommodation, compliance, and the results of questionnaires related to wearing experiences.

Discussion
The present study will be the first randomized controlled trial in myopic primary school children treated with DIMS lenses and PALs in China. The results will indicate whether and how much different MD mechanisms retard myopia progression and axial elongation. In addition, the comparison will provide information on the clinical efficacy and safety of DIMS lenses and PALs, including information related to wearing experiences and visual function.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR1900025645. Registered on 3 September 2019. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=42927.