bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ureteric complications and left retroperitoneal abdominal aortic surgery
Authors: Williams Alex C. , Bailey Damian M. , Lewis Michael H. , White Richard D. , Williams Ian M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpen surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms in the UK is usually performed via a midline transperitoneal incision. However, the left retroperitoneal (RP) approach may be beneficial for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and certain physiological reasons. One potential disadvantage is that the left kidney usually requires mobilization anteromedially risking injury to the renal tract and possibly the ureter.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the time of onset, clinical presentation and treatment of left renal tract complications are scrutinized and discussed. Reasons for open aortic surgery as opposed to endovascular repair being undertaken were documented. Also, the aortic cross‐clamp positions and type of reconstruction were examined.ResultsA total of 208 patients underwent RP aortic surgery for aneurysmal disease. The aortic cross‐clamp positions were infrarenal in 115 (55%), suprarenal in 78 (38%) and supra‐superior mesenteric artery or supracoeliac in 15 (7%). Two percent (4/208) sustained ureteric complications and all occurred in the upper third of the left ureter. The time of onset of symptoms ranged from 2 to 14 days post‐operatively with a median of 3.5. Clinical signs were non‐specific including pyrexia, tachycardia and flank pain.ConclusionUreteric complications following left RP aortic surgery is uncommon and usually occurs in the upper third of the renal tract. Trauma appears to be the most common cause, although ureteric ischaemia can occur but presents later particularly in those with comorbidities.
The Conditional Effects of Candidate Sex and Sexism on Perceived Electability and Voting Intentions: Evidence from the 2020 Democratic Primary
Authors: Franks Andrew S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn each of two studies, six past or present Democratic presidential candidates (3 males, 3 females) were selected to construct groups of male and female candidates roughly matched in terms of prominence and ideological position. In Study 1, a conditional effect of candidate sex was found such that female candidates suffered deficits in voting intentions in participants at or above the 68th percentile in hostile sexism even when accounting for candidate familiarity. Simultaneously, sexism on its own predicted increased support for Donald Trump over the entire Democratic field. In Study 2, the conditional effect of candidate sex on voting intentions was positive (predicting greater support for women) for participants below the 26th percentile on sexism and negative for those above the 53rd percentile on sexism even when accounting for perceived electability, competence, and trustworthiness. The interaction also predicted perceived electability in an examination of conditional direct and indirect effects.
Ability of plant species to colonise human‐disturbed habitats: Role of phylogeny and functional traits
Authors: Mudrák Ondřej , Řehounková Klára , Vítovcová Kamila , Tichý Lubomír , Prach Karel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionWhich species are successful colonisers of disturbed sites; species adapted to seed dispersal, resistance to abiotic stress, or competition ability? Are successful adaptations for colonisation shared by phylogenetically related species?LocationCzech Republic, Central Europe.MethodsWe used two indices of plant species’ colonisation ability (developed from an extensive dataset of dated successional series for 1,531 plant species of the Czech Republic): index of colonisation potential (ICP), which is corrected for mass effect (species’ frequency in the landscape acquired from Czech National Phytosociological Database, accounting for more common colonisation events of frequent species), and index of colonisation success (ICS), which is solely based on actual species frequencies in disturbed habitats. We also used preferences for successional age (median of age of sites that species had colonised). We correlated these indices with plant functional traits for three functional groups (woody species, non‐woody perennial polycarpic, and non‐woody monocarpic species) either considering the phylogenetic history of a species or not.ResultsWoody species were the best colonisers and had the highest preferences for late‐successional stages. Non‐woody monocarpic species had a higher ICP than polycarpic species while their ICS were comparable. The best predictor of colonisation ability of both monocarpic and polycarpic non‐woody species was canopy height, indicating importance of competition. Other successful colonisers were species with seed traits promoting dispersal (low seed mass or low seed terminal velocity). We did not find traits suitable for adverse biotic conditions (high specific leaf area, SLA), low canopy height) to be important. Successional age preference of species was indicated mainly by seed traits (seed mass, seed longevity), which highly corresponded with species’ phylogenetic history.ConclusionsColonisation of disturbed sites is limited by seed dispersal and competitive interactions rather than an adverse abiotic environment.
Recommendations on COVID‐19 triage: international comparison and ethical analysis
Authors: Jöbges Susanne , Vinay Rasita , Luyckx Valerie A. , Biller‐Andorno Nikola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization classified COVID‐19, caused by Sars‐CoV‐2, as a pandemic. Although not much was known about the new virus, the first outbreaks in China and Italy showed that potentially a large number of people worldwide could fall critically ill in a short period of time. A shortage of ventilators and intensive care resources was expected in many countries, leading to concerns about restrictions of medical care and preventable deaths. In order to be prepared for this challenging situation, national triage guidance has been developed or adapted from former influenza pandemic guidelines in an increasing number of countries over the past few months. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of triage recommendations from selected national and international professional societies, including Australia/New Zealand, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Pakistan, South Africa, Switzerland, the United States, and the International Society of Critical Care Medicine. We describe areas of consensus, including the importance of prognosis, patient will, transparency of the decision‐making process, and psychosocial support for staff, as well as the role of justice and benefit maximization as core principles. We then probe areas of disagreement, such as the role of survival versus outcome, long‐term versus short‐term prognosis, the use of age and comorbidities as triage criteria, priority groups and potential tiebreakers such as ‘lottery’ or ‘first come, first served’. Having explored a number of tensions in current guidance, we conclude with a suggestion for framework conditions that are clear, consistent and implementable. This analysis is intended to advance the ongoing debate regarding the fair allocation of limited resources and may be relevant for future policy‐making.
Why IRBs should protect bystanders in human research
Authors: Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany types of human research activities present risks and burdens to third parties (e.g., bystanders). Few human protection policies directly address the protection of research bystanders, though some address it in passing. In what follows, I re‐iterate reasons why bystanders are entitled to protections. I also argue that Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are in the best position to signal to researchers and sponsors that bystanders should be protected in research. In some cases, IRB review would consist of evaluating bystander protection strategies directly; in other cases, this might entail merely certifying that another institutions, like a drug regulator, has taken adequate measures to protect the welfare of research bystanders.
Computerised risk scores to guide recognition and diagnosis in patients with possible heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gallo Tyler , Curry Steven C. , Raschke Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia computerised risk (HIT‐CR) score is designed to aid in the diagnosis of HIT. We sought to evaluate its potential clinical utility. In this retrospective cohort study, we collected HIT‐CR scores on all inpatients receiving heparin over a 4‐month period and performed chart reviews on the subset who independently underwent clinical diagnostic testing for HIT to identify patients with HIT. In all, 34 342 patients received heparin, 1744 had high‐risk HIT‐CR scores of ≥3 and 220 had the maximal risk score of 4. Only 6% of high‐risk and 10% of maximal‐risk patients underwent testing for HIT. Conversely, among all 317 patients who underwent independent testing for HIT, 67% had low‐risk HIT‐CR scores (<3). Among patients independently tested, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 6·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4·9–8·8%] and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99·5% (95% CI 97·1–99·9%) at a HIT‐CR score cut‐off of 3, and the PPV was 22·7% (95% CI 12·7–37·4%) and NPV was 99·0% (95% CI 97·6–99·6%) at a cut‐off of 4. This study suggests clinicians fail to test most high‐risk patients and unnecessarily test many low‐risk patients for HIT. A reasonable approach to clinical application of HIT‐CR scores would be recommending no testing for patients with a score of <3 and recommend testing for patients with a score of 4.
Beyond COVID‐19: Five commentaries on reimagining governance for future crises and resilience
Authors: Brousselle Astrid , Brunet‐Jailly Emmanuel , Kennedy Christopher , Phillips Susan D. , Quigley Kevin , Roberts Alasdair 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral Canadian and international scholars offer commentaries on the implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic for governments and public service institutions, and fruitful directions for public administration research and practice. This second suite of commentaries considers the challenges confronting governments as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic and in the decades to come with an increasingly broad lens: the need to understand and rethink the architecture of the state given recent and future challenges awaiting governments; the need to rethink government‐civil society relations and policies to deliver services for increasingly diverse citizens and communities; the need for new repertoires and sensibilities on the part of governments for recognizing, anticipating, and engaging on governance risks despite imperfect expert knowledge and public skepticism; how the COVID‐19 crisis has caused us to reconceive international and sub‐national borders where new “borders” are being drawn; and the need to anticipate a steady stream of crises similar to the COVID‐19 pandemic arising from climate change and related challenges, and develop new national and international governance strategies for fostering population and community resilience.
Long‐term health‐related quality of life in persons diagnosed with an insulinoma in Finland 1980‐2010
Authors: Peltola Elina , Hannula Päivi , Huhtala Heini , Sintonen Harri , Metso Saara , Sand Juhani , Laukkarinen Johanna , Tiikkainen Mirja , Schalin‐Jäntti Camilla , Sirén Jukka , Soinio Minna , Nuutila Pirjo , Moilanen Leena , Ebeling Tapani , Jaatinen Pia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveInsulinomas are rare pancreatic neoplasms, which can usually be cured by surgery. As the diagnostic delay is often long and the prolonged hyperinsulinemia may have long‐term effects on health and the quality of life, we studied the long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in insulinoma patients.Design, patients and measurementsThe HRQoL of adults diagnosed with an insulinoma in Finland in 1980‐2010 was studied with the 15D instrument, and the results were compared to those of an age‐ and gender‐matched sample of the general population. The minimum clinically important difference in the total 15D score has been defined as ±0.015. The clinical characteristics, details of insulinoma diagnosis and treatment, and the current health status of the subjects were examined to specify the possible determinants of long‐term HRQoL.ResultsThirty‐eight insulinoma patients participated in the HRQoL survey (response rate 75%). All had undergone surgery with a curative aim, a median of 13 (min 7, max 34) years before the survey. The insulinoma patients had a clinically importantly and statistically significantly better mean 15D score compared with the controls (0.930 ± 0.072 vs 0.903 ± 0.039, P = .046) and were significantly better off regarding mobility, usual activities and eating. Among the insulinoma patients, younger age at the time of survey, higher level of education and smaller number of chronic diseases were associated with better overall HRQoL.ConclusionsIn the long term, the overall HRQoL of insulinoma patients is slightly better than that of the general population.
Behind the Scaffolding: Manipulations of Time, Delays, and Power in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul
Authors: Arıcan Alize 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTaksim 360, located in the Tarlabaşı neighborhood of Istanbul, is one of the first state‐led urban transformation projects in Turkey. Originally scheduled to be finished in 2014, the project is still under construction. Concordant with broader discussions, Tarlabaşı’s urban transformation has been largely studied through spatial lenses centered on accumulation by dispossession and displacement. These works assume that urban transformation projects necessarily follow a linear trajectory from inception to completion. Building on and diverging from this body of research, I examine the relationships between construction companies, subcontractors, and politicians involved in Taksim 360 through ethnographic fieldwork and media analysis with a critical emphasis on temporality. I argue that urban transformation in fact works through manipulations of time, which necessitates a temporal analytical lens that does not take teleologies of buildings projects for granted. It is specificallythrough delaysthat economic and political power is exerted, navigated, and negotiated within Taksim 360 using legal contracts, work stoppages, and stand‐offs; conjuring of continued investment; and improvisations with labor and political capital. And so, delays emerge asmodus operandiof urban transformation rather than measures of its failures or successes
On the value of Burmese amber for understanding insect evolution: Insights from †Heterobathmilla– an exceptional stem group genus of Strepsiptera (Insecta)
Authors: Pohl Hans , Wipfler Benjamin , Boudinot Brendon , Georg Beutel Rolf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBurmese amber and amber from other periods and regions became a rich source of new extinct insect species and yielded important insights in insect evolution in the dimension of time. Amber fossils have contributed to the understanding of the phylogeny, biology, and biogeography of insects and other groups, and have also gained great importance for dating molecular trees. Another major potential is the documentation of faunal, floral and climatic shifts. Evolutionary transitions can be well‐documented in amber fossils and can reveal anatomical transformations and the age of appearance of structural features. Here, using a new stem group species of Strepsiptera from Burmite, we evaluate this potential of amber insect fossils to assess the current phylogeny of Strepsiptera, with the main emphasis on the early splitting events in the stem group. Amber fossils have greatly contributed to the understanding of the evolution of Strepsiptera in the late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. †Heterobathmilla kakopoiosPohl and Beutelgen. et sp. n.described here is placed in the stem group of the order, in a clade with †Kinzelbachilla(†Kinzelbachillidae) and †Phthanoxenos(†Phthanoxenidae). †Phthanoxenidae has priority over †Kinzelbachillidae, and the latter is synonymised. The superb details available from this new fossil allowed us to explore unique features of the antennae, mouthparts, and male copulatory apparatus, and to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for the order. The younger †Protoxenosfrom Eocene Baltic amber was confirmed as sister to all remaining extinct and extant groups of Strepsiptera, whereas the position of the Cretaceous †Cretostylopsin the stem group remains ambivalent. While the value of Burmite and amber from other periods has a recognized impact on our knowledge of the evolution in various lineages, this new fossil does not fundamentally change our picture of the phylogeny and evolution of early Strepsiptera. However, it offers new insights into the morphological diversity in the early evolution of the group.
Further considerations of the best indicator for the harmful use of alcohol
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Manthey Jakob , Franklin Ari , Shield Kevin D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe discuss the rejoinder of Sherwin to our review which came to the result that adult alcohol per capita consumption is the best indicator for the harmful use of alcohol for the sustainable development goals.Design and MethodsScientific discourse.ResultsSherwin suggested two additional indicators, ‘age‐standardised prevalence of heavy episodic drinking among adolescents and adults’ and ‘alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality among adolescents and adults’. Given that these indicators should be part of the comprehensive sustainable development goals, we do not believe that three indicators for one target make sense. In addition, both suggested indicators are can only be derived using adult alcohol per capita consumption as basis.Discussion and ConclusionsAdult per capita consumption should remain the indicator for the sustainable development goals.
Industry views about the Banned Drinker Register in the Northern Territory: Early lessons from a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Adamson Elizabeth , Clifford Sarah , Wallace Tessa , Smith James A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe Northern Territory Government has recently planned and implemented an extensive suite of alcohol harm minimisation policies, including the reintroduction of the Banned Drinker Register (BDR). It is an explicit alcohol supply reduction measure that places persons who consume alcohol at harmful levels onto a register, prohibiting the purchase of alcohol from take‐away liquor outlets. This paper explores industry stakeholders' perspectives regarding the extent to which the BDR is meeting its objectives to improve community health and safety by reducing alcohol‐related harms.Design and MethodsInterviews and one focus group were conducted with 66 alcohol industry stakeholders from urban and remote locations. Focusing on outcomes both central (crime and safety) and peripheral (health and therapeutic support) to the stakeholders' interest, the authors used inductive thematic analysis to examine participants' perceptions about the effectiveness of the BDR.ResultsAnalysis revealed mixed views about the effectiveness of the BDR. There is a tension between the objective to address public amenity and decrease crime, as expressed by the participants, compared to the health‐focused approach to therapeutic services and referrals identified in other sources.Discussion and ConclusionsDrawing on these findings, alongside other relevant sources, the authors argue there is a need for a more effective communication strategy to the public and professional community to enhance the capacity of the BDR to meet its goals. The authors recognise the limitations of alcohol industry stakeholder views and identify the need for a comprehensive evaluation approach that includes multiple stakeholder perspectives.
Gender differences in mothers’ spatial language use and children’s mental rotation abilities in Preschool and Kindergarten
Authors: Ralph Yvonne K. , Berinhout Kate , Maguire Mandy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMental rotation has emerged as an important predictor of success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). By the age of 4.5 years, boys outperform girls in these abilities. Because parents use less spatial language with girls at this age (Pruden and Levine, 2017), the amount of spatial language that children are exposed to at home is believed to be one potential contributor to this disparity in preschool age children. To date, it is unclear if this gender difference continues when children enter school. To address this question in this study, children not yet in kindergarten (PreK) and kindergarten and first grade children (K+) were recorded playing with their mothers using magnetic tile toys followed by children's completion of a mental rotation task. As expected, mothers used more spatial language with PreK boys than girls; however, this relationship reversed in K+, with mothers using significantly more spatial language with girls than boys. Surprisingly, despite this, boys outperformed girls on the mental rotation task. These findings suggest that although girls’ exposure to spatial language is higher after entry into school, this language difference is not reflected in increases in mental rotation abilities. Thus, earlier exposure to spatial language may be vital for the development of mental rotation abilities.
Partner in crime: Beneficial cooperation overcomes children’s aversion to antisocial others
Authors: Myslinska Szarek Katarzyna , Bocian Konrad , Baryla Wieslaw , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYoung children display strong aversion toward antisocial individuals, but also feel responsible for joint activities and express a strong sense of group loyalty. This paper aims to understand how beneficial cooperation with an antisocial partner shapes preschoolers’ attitudes, preferences, and moral judgments concerning antisocial individuals. We argue that although young children display a strong aversion to antisocial characters, children may overcome this aversion when they stand to personally benefit. In Study 1a (N = 62), beneficial cooperation with an antisocial partner resulted in the children's later preference for the antisocial partner over the neutral partner. Study 1b (N = 91) replicated this effect with discrete measurement of liking (resource distribution) and showed that children rewarded more and punished less the antisocial partner in the beneficial cooperation setting. In Study 2, (N = 58), children's aversion to an antisocial in‐group member decreased when the cooperation benefited other in‐group members. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 62), when children passively observed the antisocial individual, personal benefits from the antisocial behavior did not change their negative attitude toward the antisocial individual. Overall, beneficial cooperation with the antisocial partner increased the children's liking and preference for the antisocial partner, but did not affect the children's moral judgments. Presented evidence suggests that by the age of 4, children develop a strong obligation to collaborate with partners who help them to acquire resources—even when these partners harm third parties, which children recognize as immoral.