bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PEACOCK IN SUFI COSMOLOGY AND POPULAR RELIGION
Authors: Bruinessen Martin Van 
Published: November 2020

In various cultural and religious contexts, from West Asia to Southeast Asia, we come across a number of quite similar creation myths in which a peacock, seated on a cosmic tree, plays a central part. For the Yezidis, a sect of Sufi origins that has moved away from Islam, the Peacock Angel, who is the most glorious of the angels, is the master of the created world. This belief may be related to early Muslim cosmologies involving the Muhammadan Light (Nur Muhammad), which in some narratives had the shape of a peacock and participated in creation. In a different set of myths, the peacock and the Tree of Certainty (shajarat al-yaqīn) play a role in Adam and Eve’s fall and expulsion from Paradise. The central myth of the South Indian Hindu cult of the god Murugan also involves a tree and a peacock. The myth is enacted in the annual ritual of Thaipusam, like the Nur Muhammad myth is still enacted annually in the Maulid festival of Cikoang in South Sulawesi. Images of the peacock, originating from South India, have moved across cultural and religious boundaries and have been adopted as representing the different communities’ peacock myths.
Four Pristionchus species associated with two mass-occurring Parafontaria laminata populations
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ozawa Minami , Ota Yuko , Degawa Yousuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Phoretic nematodes associated with two mass-occurring populations of the millipede Parafontaria laminata were examined, focusing on Pristionchus spp. The nematodes that propagated on dissected millipedes were genotyped using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Four Pristionchus spp. were detected: P. degawai, P. laevicollis, P. fukushimae, and P. entomophagus. Of the four, P. degawai dominated and it was isolated from more than 90% of the millipedes examined. The haplotypes of partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I examined for Pristionchus spp. and P. degawai showed high haplotype diversity.
Oostenbrinkia pedrami n. sp. (Dorylaimida: Aulolaimoididae) from Iran, with molecular phylogenetic relationships to some other Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
Authors: Afshar Farahnaz Jahanshahi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A population of the rarely collected aulolaimoidid genus, Oostenbrinkia, was recovered from the rhizosphere soil of Fagus orientalis in Mazandaran province, north Iran. Oostenbrinkia pedrami n. sp. is mainly characterized by long females, 920 µm with a 6 to 8 µm long odontostyle, 18 to 21 µm long odontophore with well-developed basal flanges, 124 to 187 µm long neck, vulva post equatorial (V = 58.5-61.0), and tail short (10-18 µm long, c  =  42.5-65.2, c′ = 0.6-0.9) and rounded. Compared to the generotype species, O. oostenbrinki, the new species has a longer odontostyle, total stylet, a posteriorly located vulva, and shorter rounded tail, and compared to the only one other representative, O. parva, longer females with longer odontostyle and total stylet. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using a near-full-length sequence of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), the new species appeared as an independent basal lineage to the included ingroup species. This is the first molecular data of this family.
PLATAFORMA AVASUS COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DURANTE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Augusto Silva Gustavo , Nóbrega Moreno Ingrid , De Andrade Pessoa Jéssica 
Published: November 2020

No contexto de emergência da pandemia de COVID-19 no ano de 2020, este relato de experiência busca analisar e refletir acerca das experiências e percepções da utilização do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem do SUS (AVASUS) como instrumento informativo profissional e acadêmico de temas relacionados à saúde, com enfoque para os módulos com conteúdo relacionado a COVID-19. Para isso, foi realizado acesso à plataforma online, AVASUS, bem como a inscrição nos módulos educacionais relativos a COVID-19. Somando 87 horas-aula e 145.490 inscrições, esses módulos alcançaram grande repercussão, ofertando informações confiáveis e recentes sobre o vírus; manejo clínico de pacientes e cuidados dos próprios profissionais de saúde. Assim, o AVASUS apresenta-se como possível alternativa para a capacitação e atualização dos seus usuários em tempos de isolamento social.
Palavras-chave: educação em saúde; covid-19; AVASUS.
The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Lignan Glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa stems on LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells via PI3K/ AKT Pathway
Authors: Guo Jinhan , Tang Shuming , Miao Yuyang , Ge Lanlan , Xu Junfa , Zeng Xiaobin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Cistanche tubulosa is a tonic in traditional Chinese medicines and has a
broad spectrum of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory. However, the anti-inflammatory
major constituents of C. tubulosa and their underlying mechanisms are still unknown.

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to explore the separation and structural characterization
of lignan glycosides from C. tubulosa (Schenk) Wight., their anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying
mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
Fractionation and isolation of the 85% EtOH extract of C. tubulosa
(Schenk) Wight. were carried out and the primary ingredients lignan glycosides (1-6) were structurally
characterized. CCK8 methods were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of lignan glycosides
(1-6). Effects of lignan glycosides (1-6) on NO production in LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 macrophages
cells were measured using Griess reagent by reaction with nitrite. The mRNA expression
levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and TGF-β treated RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations
(0, 25 and 50 μg/ml) of lignan glycosides (1, 4) in the presence of LPS (10 ng/ml) and
IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for 24 h were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Also, the protein expressions of
iNOS, COX-2, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT and β -actin were determined using Western blot analysis. A
molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interactions between the lignan glycosides
and the PI3K using Autodock vina 1.1.2 package.

Results:
Six lignan glycosides (1-6) were isolated from stems of C. tubulosa. Among them, (+)-
pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and eleutheroside E (6) were
firstly isolated from C. tubulosa. Of these lignans, 1 and 4 exhibited pronounced inhibitions on NO
production with the values of 33.63 ± 4.78 and 39.28 ± 5.52 % at 50 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally,
LPS/IFN-γ-induced expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) was significantly
suppressed by pre-treatment of 1 and 4 in a dose-dependent manner. While 1 and 4 increased the
mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β). Furthermore, 1 and 4 significantly inhibited
the protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these results suggest that 1 and 4 play an important role in the attenuation
of LPS/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that the mechanisms involve
down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
A Bottom-Up Proteomic Approach in Bone Marrow Plasma Cells of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Ayhan Beycan , Turan Seçil Karahisar , Barkan N. Pınar , Dalva Klara , Beksaç Meral , Demiralp Duygu Özel 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by infiltration of bone marrow
(BM) with clonal malignant plasma cells. The percentage of plasma cells in the BM is required for
both diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective:
Intracellular protein screening and quantitative proteomic analysis were performed in
myeloma plasma cells with an aim to compare expressions between low (0-9%), intermediate
(10-20%) and high (>20%) plasma cell infiltration groups.

Methods:
BM aspiration samples were collected from newly diagnosed untreated patients with
MM. The samples were pooled into three groups according to the plasma cell content (PCC) in the
BM: group 1 (0-9%), group 2 (10-20%) and group 3 (>20%). Protein profiles were obtained and
proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting analysis.

Results:
Differentially expressed proteins were detected between all groups. The identified proteins
are Endoplasmin, Calreticulin, Protein Disulfide-isomerase, Marginal zone B and B1 cell specific
protein/pERp1, Actin cytoplasmic 1, Myeloblastin, Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5,
Ig kappa chain C region, Apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 and Peroxiredoxin-4.

Conclusion:
Proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, redox homeostasis and unfolded protein
disposal through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation machinery have been found to
be correlated to PCC. Our results confirm earlier reports regarding the potential effects of identified
proteins in the major signaling pathways that lead to cancer. Moreover, this study reveals a
novel association between PCC levels and MM. It further highlights the roles of Marginal zone B
and B1 cell specific proteins in MM, which could be used as candidate biomarkers in future
studies.
A Giant Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm with Arteriovenous Fistulization
Authors: Piljic Dragan , Hajdarevic Alen , Piljic Dilista , Behrem Adnan , Petricevic Mate , Samoukovic Gordan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Isolated iliac artery aneurysms are rare and occur predominantly in men at an older age. Such
aneurysms can rupture into an adjacent organ (such as the bowel, bladder or ureter) or into the adjacent common iliac
vein, resulting in an arteriovenous fistula. INTRODUCTION: Formation of an internal iliac arteriovenous fistula caused
by spontaneous rupture of an atherosclerotic iliac artery aneurysm wall is an exceedingly rare yet serious complication.

Methods / Results:
This article presents a case of an internal iliac arteriovenous fistula caused by rupture of an
atherosclerotic giant iliac artery aneurysm.

Conclusion:
Rapid diagnosis and meticulous surgical technique improve outcomes in patients with this rare vascular
complication.
Efficacy and Safety of Phyllanthus Amarus Cream Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pinkaew Decha , Kiattisin Kanokwan , Wonglangka Khanittha , Awoot Pisittawoot 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and inflammatory pain which decreases daily activities.

Objective:
The aim of the present investigation was to examine skin permeation and skin irritation test of Phyllanthus Amarus (PA) cream including the effects of four weeks of treatment with PA cream in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.

Methods:
The permeation study of PA cream was determined by Franz diffusion cells using a stillborn piglet skin. The primary irritation test was evaluated in rabbits and human volunteers following the Draize test. The study included sixty respondents diagnosed with symptomatic knee OA (12 males, 48 females). All the respondents volunteered to participate and randomly allocated into 3 groups including (n =20 in each group), followed by the placebo group and Phyllanthus Amarus (PA) cream group and NSAIDs cream group. They used a cream twice per day for four weeks. The patients were tested on 3 occasions; before two weeks and four weeks for the treatment period. The respondents were completely assessed for pain and function assessment by the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities O-osteoarthritis Index questionnaire (WOMAC), respectively.

Results:
The PA cream showed good skin permeation after 10 hours. It had a high accumulative amount in the dermis and the receiving chamber more than the stratum corneum. Therefore, it could help to relieve pain and prolong the effect. The PA cream did not irritate the skin of rabbits and human volunteers. It is safe to be used in clinical treatment. The VAS and total WOMAC scores significantly decreased after 2 weeks (P < 0.001) and 4 weeks (P < 0.001) of intervention compared with before treatment in both the PA cream and NSAIDs groups in OA knee. However, the VAS and total WOMAC score of PA cream were not significantly compared with the NSAIDs groups.

Conclusion:
The Phyllanthus amarus cream is a new choice, and effective method for OA of the knee treatment. These data indicate that the treatment through Phyllanthus amarus cream improves pain relief and function.
Effects of Open (Racket) and Closed (Running) Skill Sports Practice on Children’s Attentional Performance
Authors: Gallotta Maria Chiara , Bonavolontà Valerio , Zimatore Giovanna , Iazzoni Sara , Guidetti Laura , Baldari Carlo 
Published: November 2020

Aims:
The first aim of the study was to examine the attentional performance of children (8–13 years of age) who practiced two different sport disciplines: Open skill sport – racket and closed skill sport – running and also to investigate the acute effects of these two specific training sessions on children’s immediate and delayed attentional performance.
The second aim of the present study was to verify gender differences in attentional performance. Eighteen children+ (8 girls and 10 boys; age = 10.6 ± 1.5 yrs; height = 144.3 ± 12.2 cm; weight = 44.2 ± 12.5 kg; BMI = 20.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) engaged in a racket sports and eighteen children (9 girls and 9 boys; age = 9.9 ± 1.2 yrs; height = 142.4 ± 9.5 cm; weight = 40.0 ± 8.6 kg; BMI = 19.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2) engaged in running were enrolled.

Methods:
Children’s training and experience with these activities averaged 2.3 (± 1.0) years. Children’s attentional capacity was measured before, immediately after and 50 minutes after each specific training session by the d2 test of attention.
This paper -and -pencil letter cancellation test evaluated concentration and sustained attention under stress induced by a fixed executing time. A 2 (Sport: open vs closed skill) x 2 (Gender: boys vs girls) x 3 (Time: pre vs 0’ post vs 50’ post) repeated measures ANOVA for time was used to compare the effect of an open skill session and a closed skill session on the individual attentional variables.

Results:
Children of open skill sport showed higher attentional scores (higher processing speed - TN, higher concentration performance - CP and lower percentage of errors - E%; p < 0.01), improved CP from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.01) and maintained this improved performance at 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p < 0.01), and decreased E% from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.01) and maintained this improvement at 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p < 0.001). Children of closed skill sport significantly decreased their CP from pre to 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p = 0.001 and 50’ post vs 0’ post; p < 0.0001) and worsened their E% across the time (50’ post vs pre; p = 0.001 and 50’ post vs 0’ post; p < 0.0001). Boys showed significantly higher TN values than girls only in closed skill sport (p = 0.023). Finally, all girls of both open and closed skill sports significantly improved their CP from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Results of the study showed that open skill sport practice and training session positively affects children’s attentional performance.
Utilization of Smartphone Depth Mapping Cameras for App-Based Grading of Facial Movement Disorders: Development and Feasibility Study
Authors: Taeger Johannes , Bischoff Stefanie , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: November 2020

Background
For the classification of facial paresis, various systems of description and evaluation in the form of clinician-graded or software-based scoring systems are available. They serve the purpose of scientific and clinical assessment of the spontaneous course of the disease or monitoring therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, none have been able to achieve universal acceptance in everyday clinical practice. Hence, a quick and precise tool for assessing the functional status of the facial nerve would be desirable. In this context, the possibilities that the TrueDepth camera of recent iPhone models offer have sparked our interest.

Objective
This paper describes the utilization of the iPhone’s TrueDepth camera via a specially developed app prototype for quick, objective, and reproducible quantification of facial asymmetries.

Methods
After conceptual and user interface design, a native app prototype for iOS was programmed that accesses and processes the data of the TrueDepth camera. Using a special algorithm, a new index for the grading of unilateral facial paresis ranging from 0% to 100% was developed. The algorithm was adapted to the well-established Stennert index by weighting the individual facial regions based on functional and cosmetic aspects. Test measurements with healthy subjects using the app were performed in order to prove the reliability of the system.

Results
After the development process, the app prototype had no runtime or buildtime errors and also worked under suboptimal conditions such as different measurement angles, so it met our criteria for a safe and reliable app. The newly defined index expresses the result of the measurements as a generally understandable percentage value for each half of the face. The measurements that correctly rated the facial expressions of healthy individuals as symmetrical in all cases were reproducible and showed no statistically significant intertest variability.

Conclusions
Based on the experience with the app prototype assessing healthy subjects, the use of the TrueDepth camera should have considerable potential for app-based grading of facial movement disorders. The app and its algorithm, which is based on theoretical considerations, should be evaluated in a prospective clinical study and correlated with common facial scores.
Deep Neural Network for Reducing the Screening Workload in Systematic Reviews for Clinical Guidelines: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Yamada Tomohide , Yoneoka Daisuke , Hiraike Yuta , Hino Kimihiro , Toyoshiba Hiroyoshi , Shishido Akira , Noma Hisashi , Shojima Nobuhiro , Yamauchi Toshimasa 
Published: November 2020

Background
Performing systematic reviews is a time-consuming and resource-intensive process.

Objective
We investigated whether a machine learning system could perform systematic reviews more efficiently.

Methods
All systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventional randomized controlled trials cited in recent clinical guidelines from the American Diabetes Association, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association (2 guidelines), and American Stroke Association were assessed. After reproducing the primary screening data set according to the published search strategy of each, we extracted correct articles (those actually reviewed) and incorrect articles (those not reviewed) from the data set. These 2 sets of articles were used to train a neural network–based artificial intelligence engine (Concept Encoder, Fronteo Inc). The primary endpoint was work saved over sampling at 95% recall (WSS@95%).

Results
Among 145 candidate reviews of randomized controlled trials, 8 reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For these 8 reviews, the machine learning system significantly reduced the literature screening workload by at least 6-fold versus that of manual screening based on WSS@95%. When machine learning was initiated using 2 correct articles that were randomly selected by a researcher, a 10-fold reduction in workload was achieved versus that of manual screening based on the WSS@95% value, with high sensitivity for eligible studies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased dramatically every time the algorithm learned a correct article.

Conclusions
Concept Encoder achieved a 10-fold reduction of the screening workload for systematic review after learning from 2 randomly selected studies on the target topic. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were included. Concept Encoder could facilitate the acquisition of evidence for clinical guidelines.
Multi-Autoantibody Signature and Clinical Outcome in Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Seitz-Polski Barbara , Justino Joana , Zaghrini Christelle , Payré Christine , Brglez Vesna , Dolla Guillaume , Sinico Alberto , Scolari Francesco , Vaglio Augusto , Prunotto Marco , Candiano Giovanni , Radice Antonella , Bruschi Maurizio , Lambeau Gérard ,   on behalf of The Italian Study Group for Membranous Nephropathy
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives
Patients with membranous nephropathy can have circulating autoantibodies against membrane-bound (phospholipase A2 receptor 1 [PLA2R1] and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A [THSD7A]) and intracellular (aldose reductase, SOD2, and α-enolase) podocyte autoantigens. We studied their combined association with clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Serum levels of anti-PLA2R1, anti-THSD7A, anti-aldose reductase, anti-SOD2, and anti−α-enolase autoantibodies were determined in 285 patients at diagnosis and during follow-up using standardized and homemade assays. An eGFR>60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and remission of proteinuria (<0.3/<3.5 g per d) after 12 months were the outcomes of interest.

Results
At diagnosis, 182 (64%), eight (3%), and 95 (33%) patients were anti-PLA2R1+, anti-THSD7A+, and double negative, respectively. The prevalence of a detectable antibody to at least one intracellular antigen was similarly distributed in patients who were anti-PLA2R1+ (n=118, 65%) and double negative (n=64, 67%). Positivity for anti-PLA2R1, anti-SOD2, and anti–α-enolase antibodies and higher titers at diagnosis were associated with poor clinical outcome independently to each other. Combined positivity for anti-PLA2R1, anti-SOD2, and anti−α-enolase was associated with highest risk of poor outcome (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 24; P=0.01). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients who were anti-PLA2R1+/anti-SOD2+ or anti-PLA2R1+/anti−α-enolase+ had lower eGFR at 12 months compared with patients who were anti-PLA2R1+/anti-SOD2− or anti−α-enolase−. Predictive tests (net reclassification index and area under the curve–receiver-operating characteristic analysis) showed that combined assessment of antibodies improved classification of outcome in 22%–34% of cases for partial remission of proteinuria and maintenance of normal eGFR. For patients with nephrotic syndrome at diagnosis, anti-SOD2 positivity and high anti-PLA2R1 titer were associated with a lack of complete remission. Patients who were anti-PLA2R1−/anti-intracellular antigens− had the lowest proteinuria and the highest eGFR at diagnosis and the lowest risk of lower eGFR at 12 months. Epitope spreading was present in 81% of patients who were anti-PLA2R1+ and was associated with increased positivity for intracellular antigens and poor eGFR at diagnosis and 12 months.

Conclusions
Combined serological analysis of autoantibodies targeting membrane-bound and intracellular autoantigens identifies patients with poor clinical outcomes.