bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINC01116 accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression based on its enhancement on MYC transcription activity
Authors: Xing Haijie , Sun Hongxia , Du Weiluo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be frequently involved in the development of cancers, whereas only a few of them was investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we found that LINC01116 was highly expressed in NPC cell lines, and inhibition of LINC01116 notably restrained cell viability, proliferation, and migration in NPC cells. Besides, we unveiled that LINC01116 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of NPC cells. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic LINC01116 could directly interact with the 5′UTR of MYC mRNA, whereas such interaction had no influence on MYC mRNA expression, but facilitated MYC mRNA translation so as to enhance MYC protein level in NPC cells. Moreover, LINC01116 per se had no impact on the transcription of MYC targets but affected their expression through MYC‐dependent manner. Furthermore, MYC overexpression offset the suppression of LINC01116 silence on NPC development. In turn, we discovered that MYC could also serve as the transcriptional activator of LINC01116 in NPC cells. By and large, our findings elucidated a LINC01116/MYC feedback loop in accelerating the tumorigenesis of NPC, revealing a promising target to establish novel biomarkers for NPC patients.
Radiation and chemotherapy for high‐risk lower grade gliomas: Choosing between temozolomide and PCV
Authors: McDuff Susan G. R. , Dietrich Jorg , Atkins Katelyn M. , Oh Kevin S. , Loeffler Jay S. , Shih Helen A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe majority of patients with high‐risk lower grade gliomas (LGG) are treated with single‐agent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy despite three randomized trials showing a striking overall survival benefit with adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article aims to evaluate the evidence and rationale for the widespread use of TMZ instead of PCV for high‐risk LGG.Methods and MaterialsWe conducted a literature search utilizing PubMed for articles investigating the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high‐risk LGG and analyzed the results of these studies.ResultsFor patients with IDH mutant 1p/19q codeleted LGG tumors, there is limited evidence to support the use of TMZ. In medically fit patients with codeleted disease, existing data demonstrate a large survival benefit for PCV as compared to adjuvant radiation therapy alone. For patients with non‐1p/19q codeleted LGG, early data from the CATNON study supports inclusion of adjuvant TMZ for 12 months. Subset analyses of the RTOG 9402 and EORTC 26951 do not demonstrate a survival benefit for adjuvant PCV for non‐1p/19q codeleted gliomas, however secondary analyses of RTOG 9802 and RTOG 9402 demonstrated survival benefit in any IDH mutant lower grade gliomas, regardless of 1p/19q codeletion status.ConclusionsAt present, we conclude that current evidence does not support the widespread use of TMZ over PCV for all patients with high‐risk LGG, and we instead recommend tailoring chemotherapy recommendation based on IDH status, favoring adjuvant PCV for patients with any IDH mutant tumors, both those that harbor 1p/19q codeletion and those non‐1p/19q codeleted. Given the critical role radiation plays in the treatment of LGG, radiation oncologists should be actively involved in discussions regarding chemotherapy choice in order to optimize treatment for their patients.
Structure and Chemical Analysis of Major Specialized Metabolites Produced by the Lichen Evernia prunastri
Authors: Staples Richard , LaDuca Robert L. , Roze Ludmila V. , Laivenieks Maris , Linz John E. , Beaudry Randolph , Fryday Alan , Schilmiller Anthony L. , Koptina Anna V. , Smith Benjamin , Trail Frances 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe performed comparative profiling of four specialized metabolites in the lichen Evernia prunastri, collected at three different geographic locations, California and Maine, USA, and Yoshkar Ola, Mari El, Russia. Among the compounds produced at high concentrations that were identified in all three specimens, evernic acid, usnic acid, lecanoric acid and chloroatranorin, evernic acid was the most abundant. Two depsidones, salazinic acid and physodic acid, were detected in the Yoshkar‐Ola collection only. The crystalline structure of evernic acid (2‐hydroxy‐4‐[(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐6‐methylbenzoyl)oxy]‐6‐methylbenzoate) (hmb) revealed two crystallographically and conformationally distinct hmb anions, along with two monovalent sodium atoms. One hmb moiety contained an exotetradentate binding mode to sodium, whereas the other exhibited an exohexadentate binding mode to sodium. Embedded edge‐sharing {Na2O8}n sodium‐oxygen chains connected the hmb anions into the full three‐dimensional crystal structure of the title compound. The crystal used for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction exhibited non‐merohedral twinning. The data suggest the importance of the acetyl‐polymalonyl pathway products to processes of maintaining integrity of the lichen holobiont community.
Hybridizing Oligonucleotides with Hydrophobic Peptide Nucleic Acids Assists Their Cellular Uptake through Aggregate Formation
Authors: Misu Sotaro , Kurihara Ryohsuke , Kainuma Reina , Sato Ryugai , Nishihara Tatsuya , Tanabe Kazuhito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe applied hybridization between hydrophobic peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to achieve their cellular uptake without any need for transfection reagents. We employed a pyrenyl unit as a hydrophobic functional group and introduced it at the terminus of the PNA strand. The pyrene‐tethered PNA (PyPNA) strongly bound with its complementary ODNs to generate amphiphiles; the resulting hybrids formed aggregates that showed efficient cellular uptake and high biological stability. Aggregates containing a functional DNA aptamer that bound to the PyPNA penetrated the cell membrane smoothly, with the aptamer exerting its original function in living cells. Thus, PyPNA efficiently assisted the additive‐free cellular uptake of ODNs.
Ruthenium(II)–Arene Thiocarboxylates: Identification of a Stable Dimer Selectively Cytotoxic to Invasive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Stephens Liam J. , Levina Aviva , Trinh Iman , Blair Victoria L. , Werrett Melissa V. , Lay Peter A. , Andrews Philip C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRuII‐arene complexes provide a versatile scaffold for novel anticancer drugs. Seven new RuII‐arene‐thiocarboxylato dimers were synthesized and characterized. Three of the complexes (2 a, b and 5) showed promising antiproliferative activities in MDA‐MB‐231 (human invasive breast cancer) cells, and were further tested in a panel of fifteen cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. Complex 5 showed moderate but remarkably selective activity in MDA‐MB‐231 cells (IC50=39±4 μm Ru). Real‐time proliferation studies showed that 5 induced apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells but had no effect in A549 (human lung cancer, epithelial) cells. By contrast, 2 a and b showed moderate antiproliferative activity, but no apoptosis, in either cell line. Selective cytotoxicity of 5 in aggressive, mesenchymal‐like MDA‐MB‐231 cells over many common epithelial cancer cell lines (including noninvasive breast cancer MCF‐7) makes it an attractive lead compound for the development of specifically antimetastatic Ru complexes with low systemic toxicity.
Development of Polyamine‐Substituted Triphenylamine Ligands with High Affinity and Selectivity for G‐Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Pont Isabel , Martínez‐Camarena Álvaro , Galiana‐Roselló Cristina , Tejero Roberto , Albelda M. Teresa , González‐García Jorge , Vilar Ramón , García‐España Enrique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrently, significant efforts are devoted to designing small molecules able to bind selectively to guanine quadruplexes (G4s). These noncanonical DNA structures are implicated in various important biological processes and have been identified as potential targets for drug development. Previously, a series of triphenylamine (TPA)‐based compounds, including macrocyclic polyamines, that displayed high affinity towards G4 DNA were reported. Following this initial work, herein a series of second‐generation compounds, in which the central TPA has been functionalised with flexible and adaptive linear polyamines, are presented with the aim of maximising the selectivity towards G4 DNA. The acid–base properties of the new derivatives have been studied by means of potentiometric titrations, UV/Vis and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The interaction with G4s and duplex DNA has been explored by using FRET melting assays, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Compared with previous TPA derivatives with macrocyclic substituents, the new ligands reported herein retain the G4 affinity, but display two orders of magnitude higher selectivity for G4 versus duplex DNA; this is most likely due to the ability of the linear substituents to embrace the G4 structure.
Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1T@2H−MoS2 as an Excellent Photocatalyst
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Wu Rong , Zhang Hongyan , Ma Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel microwave hydrothermal method is developed to prepare hybrid 1T@2H−MoS2 nanospheres, with the 1T and 2H phases confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the stability of the hybrid phase verified by Raman spectroscopy. The efficiencies of methyl orange (MO) degradation and photo‐reduction of Cr(VI) by hybrid 1T@2H−MoS2 are much higher than those by 2H−MoS2, which should be attributed to the synergistic effect of the coexistent 1T and 2H phases. In addition, the hybrid sample prepared by microwave method possesses superior photocatalytic performance than that by conventional hydrothermal method, due to the higher 1T phase concentration and different crystallinity. Free‐radical capture experiments show that .O2− dominates the photocatalytic degradation process with 1T phase producing more electrons. The introduction of 1T−MoS2 into 2H−MoS2 shows great potential for photocatalytic degradation, while microwave treatment could be an effective method to prepare the hybrid phase MoS2.
Homogeneous Catalysis is Up for the Challenge
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe articles in this Special Issue illustrate how homogeneous catalysis can meet and overcome the current challenges in the field, ranging from the valorization of biomass and the formation of advanced materials to the synthesis of sustainable fuels, and the step‐economical preparation of novel value‐added chemicals.
Understanding the Synthesis of Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts Using Chemical Grafting
Authors: Love Alyssa M. , Cendejas Melissa C. , Hanrahan Michael P. , Carnahan Scott L. , Uchupalanun Pajean , Rossini Aaron J. , Hermans Ive 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe complexity of variables during incipient wetness impregnation synthesis of supported metal oxides precludes an in‐depth understanding of the chemical reactions governing the formation of the dispersed oxide sites. This contribution describes the use of vapor phase deposition chemistry (also known as grafting) as a tool to systematically investigate the influence of isopropanol solvent on VO(OiPr)3 anchoring during synthesis of vanadium oxide on silica. The availability of anchoring sites on silica was found to depend not only on the pretreatment of the silica but also on the solvent present. H‐bond donors can reduce the reactivity of isolated silanols whereas disruption of silanol nests by H‐bond acceptors can turn unreactive H‐bonded silanols into reactive anchoring sites. The model suggested here can inform improved syntheses with increased dispersion of metal oxides on silica.
Efficient Generation and Synthetic Applications of Alkyl‐Substituted Siloxycarbenes: Suppression of Norrish‐Type Fragmentations of Alkanoylsilanes by Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Ishida Kento , Yamazaki Hokuto , Hagiwara Chihiro , Abe Manabu , Kusama Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcylsilanes have been known to undergo isomerization to siloxycarbenes under photoirradiation and the thus generated carbenes can be utilized for various synthetic reactions. But this carbene formation is not necessarily efficient with some alkanoylsilanes because Norrish‐type fragmentations compete, which limit the synthetic utility of alkanoylsilanes as carbene precursors. In this study, generation of siloxycarbenes from alkanoylsilanes by visible‐light‐induced energy transfer was examined by using an Ir complex, [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2(dtbpy)]PF6, and was successfully applied to the C−C coupling reactions with boronic esters or aldehydes. This methodology efficiently suppressed undesired Norrish‐type reactions and broadened synthetic utility of alkanoylsilanes.
Understanding the Localization of Berylliosis: Interaction of Be2+ with Carbohydrates and Related Biomimetic Ligands
Authors: Müller Matthias , Buchner Magnus R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Magnus R. Buchner at Philipps‐Universität Marburg. The image depicts a piece of beryllium decomposing sugar cubes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903439.
Low‐Valent Group 14 Phosphinidenide Complexes [({SIDipp}P)2M] Exhibit P–M pπ–pπ Interaction (M=Ge, Sn, Pb)
Authors: Balmer Markus , Franzke Yannick J. , Weigend Florian , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of new low‐valent Group 14 phosphinidenide complexes [({SIDipp}P)2M] exhibiting P–M pπ–pπ interactions (SIDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene, M=Ge, Sn, Pb), is presented. These compounds were investigated by means of structural, spectroscopic, and quantum‐chemical methods. Furthermore, the monosubstituted compounds [(SIDippP)MX]2 (M=Sn, X=Cl; M=Pb, X=Br) are presented, which show dimeric structures instead of multiple bonding interaction.
Arrhythmia identification and classification using wavelet centered methodology in ECG signals
Authors: Arumugam Maheswari , Sangaiah Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA systematic and profound reading of an electrocardiogram (ECG) is needed to identify the different kinds of cardiac diseases called Arrhythmia. The manual identification of the changes in the ECG pattern over a long period is challenging. This work can be automatized by developing algorithms that run perfectly on a computer or on a smartphone to identify the causes of arrhythmia. The proposed work includes three stages of analysis: (1) the ECG noise suppression, (2) RR and PR intervals extraction from the ECG signal, and the (3) ECG classification. The proposed methodology accurately identified the locations and amplitudes of P, Q, R, S, and T subwaves of the ECG signal using a dedicated wavelet design. Experimental results of the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database records indicate the energy levels of the ECG signal at a decomposition level of 4 and 8 as 3.694e+09 and 7.148e+09, respectively. These energy levels are used in deciding the wavelet decomposition levels for feature extraction and classification of the ECG signal. A decomposition level of eight is proposed in this work for perfect feature extraction and classification of the ECG signal. An analysis of subband frequencies obtained in the decomposition of the ECG signal is also performed. The proposed methodology gives a sensitivity of 99.58% and positive predictive value of 95.92% in the ECG examination.
A sense of place, many times over ‐ pattern formation and evolution of repetitive morphological structures
Authors: Grall Emmanuelle , Tschopp Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFifty years ago, Lewis Wolpert introduced the concept of “positional information” to explain how patterns form in a multicellular embryonic field. Using morphogen gradients, whose continuous distributions of positional values are discretized via thresholds into distinct cellular states, he provided, at the theoretical level, an elegant solution to the “French Flag problem.” In the intervening years, many experimental studies have lent support to Wolpert's ideas. However, the embryonic patterning of highly repetitive morphological structures, as often occurring in nature, can reveal limitations in the strict implementation of his initial theory, given the number of distinct threshold values that would have to be specified. Here, we review how positional information is complemented to circumvent these inadequacies, to accommodate tissue growth and pattern periodicity. In particular, we focus on functional anatomical assemblies composed of such structures, like the vertebrate spine or tetrapod digits, where the resulting segmented architecture is intrinsically linked to periodic pattern formation and unidirectional growth. These systems integrate positional information and growth with additional patterning cues that, we suggest, increase robustness and evolvability. We discuss different experimental and theoretical models to study such patterning systems, and how the underlying processes are modulated over evolutionary timescales to enable morphological diversification.
The nutritional landscape of host plants for a specialist insect herbivore
Authors: Wilson Jerome Keaton , Ruiz Laura , Duarte Jesse , Davidowitz Goggy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Nutrition has far‐reaching effects on both the ecology and evolution of species. A substantial body of work has examined the role of host plant quality on insect herbivores, with a particular focus on specialist–generalist dynamics, the interaction of growth and other physiological attributes on fitness and tritrophic effects. Measures of plant quality usually involve one or two axes of nutritional space: typically secondary metabolites or elemental proxies (N and C) of protein and carbohydrates, respectively.
Here, we describe the nutrient space of seven host plants of the specialist insect herbivore, Manduca sexta, using an approach that measures physiologically relevant sources of nutrition, soluble protein and digestible carbohydrates. We show that plant species differ markedly in their nutrient content, offering developing insect herbivores a range of available nutrient spaces that also depend on the age of the leaves being consumed.
The majority of host‐plant species produce diets that are suboptimal to the herbivore, likely resulting in varying levels of compensatory feeding for M. sexta to reach target levels of protein to ensure successful growth and development. Low‐quality diets can also impact immune function leading to complex patterns of optimization of plant resources that maximizes both growth and the ability to defend from parasitoids and pathogens. This study is the first to quantify the nutrient space of a suite of host plants used by an insect herbivore using physiologically relevant measures of nutrition.
Ecological implications of changing hatchery practices for Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Shelton Andrew O. , Anderson Joseph H. , Ford Michael J. , Ward Eric J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor over a century, hatchery programs have been used to subsidize natural salmon populations in order to increase fisheries opportunities and, more recently, to conserve declining natural populations. While an extensive literature has described the impacts of large‐scale hatchery operations on freshwater ecosystems, less attention has been given to ecosystem interactions within the marine environment. We analyzed records of hatchery‐released Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea to assess temporal and spatial changes in hatchery practices since 1950, with the goal of identifying potential implications for ecosystem dynamics and conservation efforts in the region. Over the past 65 yr, we found significant changes in the size and time at which juvenile salmon are released, resulting in decreased diversity of these traits. Research suggests that predation on juvenile salmon by other fish, avian, and marine mammal species could be size‐dependent, and our results indicate that current hatchery practices are releasing Chinook salmon in the size range preferred by these predators. With current marine survival rates at chronically low levels, and increasing demand for hatchery subsidies, it is important to consider how modifying existing hatchery programs intended to reduce homogenization may promote more natural marine food web dynamics, with potential benefits to both hatchery and natural Chinook populations.
Z‐scores unite pairwise indices of ecological similarity and association for binary data
Authors: Keil Petr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPairwise ecological resemblance, which includes compositional similarity between sites (beta diversity), or associations between species (co‐occurrence), can be measured by >70 indices. Classical examples for presence–absence data are Jaccard index or C‐score. These can be expressed using contingency table matching components a, b, c, and d—the joint presences, presences at only one site/species, and joint absences. Using simulations of point patterns for two species with known magnitude of association, I demonstrate that most of the indices converge to a similar value and they describe the simulated association almost identically, as long as they are calculated as a Z‐score, that is, as deviation of the index from a null expectation. Further, I show that Z‐scores estimate resemblance on average better than raw forms of the indices, particularly in the face of confounding effects of spatial scale and conspecific aggregation. Finally, I show that any single of the matching components, when expressed as Z‐score, can be used as an index that performs as good as the classical indices; this also includes joint absences. All this simplifies selection of the right resemblance index, it underscores the advantage of expressing resemblance as deviation from a null expectation, and it revives the potential of joint absences as a meaningful ecological quantity.
The Split Primer Ligation‐triggered 8‐17 DNAzyme Assisted Cascade Rolling Circle Amplification for High Specific Detection of Liver Cancer‐involved mRNAs: TK1 and c‐myc
Authors: Dai Shiyan , Zhou Yuting , Dai Peiqing , Cheng Guifang , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSimultaneous detection of various intracellular biomarkers is promising for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, we develop a novel method for high specific and ultrasensitive detection of liver cancer cell‐involved mRNAs: TK1 and c‐myc based on the split primer ligation‐triggered 8‐17 DNAzyme assisted cascade rolling circle amplification. Only two targets exist simultaneously, can trigger the rolling circle amplification to improve the accuracy and sensitivity. Meanwhile, an electrochemical molecular beacon, based on the host‐guest recognition between ferrocene groups and cucurbit urils [7] (CB[7]/Fc‐MB), is used to cause a “turn‐off” electrochemical signal which is decreased by disrupting its hairpin structure. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of TK1 and c‐myc mRNA is as low as 0.06 nM. Moreover, this method can be used to detect the TK1 and c‐myc mRNA in HepG2 cells and distinguish between cancer cells and their normal cells, proving that the method has the potential to detect the variation of biomarkers in vivo.