bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and biofouling in kelp aquaculture (Saccharina latissima): the effect of location and wave exposure
Authors: Visch Wouter , Nylund Göran M. , Pavia Henrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeaweed aquaculture is receiving increasing attention for food and non-food applications in Europe, where it is still an emerging industry. The cultivation of seaweeds in the sea is attractive as it does not compete with agricultural crops for land and freshwater, whilst generating high yearly biomass yield. The selection of suitable cultivation sites in coastal waters is essential for the sustainable establishment and further development of seaweed aquaculture in Europe. Here, we investigate the effects of wave exposure and geographic location on growth and biofouling of kelp (Saccharina latissima), using a transplantation experiment along the Swedish west coast. Biofouling of kelp decreased with increased wave exposure, from 10 and 6% coverage at sheltered and moderately exposed locations, respectively, to 3% at exposed locations. Growth, measured as blade surface area, generally increased with decreased wave exposure, with approximately 40% less growth at exposed locations compared to sheltered or moderately exposed location. We identified that there is large spatial variation in growth and fouling of the seaweed biomass at the selected farm sites, with significant differences from the km-scale to the m-scale. In addition, exposure level affected the tissue composition, with a high carbon, but low nitrogen and water content at exposed locations compared to moderate and sheltered sites. Isotope signatures (i.e. δ13C and δ15N) also differed between exposure levels. Together, these results indicate that wave exposure is an important factor to consider in site selection for both yield as well as quality of the seaweed biomass for future kelp farms.
Art (Pre)History: Ritual, Narrative and Visual Culture in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe
Authors: Robb John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCan we reconstruct how prehistoric people perceived things (their “ways of seeing” or visual culture)? This challenge is made more difficult by the traditional disciplinary assumptions built into prehistoric art studies, for instance focusing narrowly upon a single body of art in isolation. This paper proposes an alternative approach, using comparative study to reveal broad regional changes in visual culture. Although prehistoric art specialists rarely work comparatively, art historians are familiar with describing continent-wide general developments in visual culture and placing them in social context (for instance, the traditional broad-brush history from Classical to medieval to Renaissance systems of representation). This paper does the same for Neolithic (6000–2500 BC) vs. Bronze Age (2500–800 BC) and Iron Age (800 BC–Classical) rock and cave art from sites across Europe, uncovering broad patterns of change. The principal pattern is a shift from a Neolithic iconic art which uses heavily encoded imagery, often schematic geometric motifs, to a Bronze/Iron Age narrative art, which increasingly involves imagery of identifiable people, animals and objects. Moreover, there is also an increasing tendency for motifs to be associated in scenes rather than purely accumulative, and with contextual changes in how art is used—a movement from hidden places to more open or accessible places. Underlying all these changes is a shift in how rock and cave art was used, from citations reproducing ritual knowledge to composed arrays telling narratives of personhood.
Online Problem Gambling: A Comparison of Casino Players and Sports Bettors via Predictive Modeling Using Behavioral Tracking Data
Authors: Ukhov Ivan , Bjurgert Johan , Auer Michael , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the differences in behavior between two groups of online gamblers were investigated. The first group comprised individuals who played casino games, and the second group comprised those who bet on sports events. The focal point of the study was on problem gambling, and the objective was to identify and quantify both common and distinct traits that are characteristic to casino and sports problem gamblers. To this end, a set of gamblers from the gaming operator LeoVegas was studied. Each gambler was ascribed two binary variables: one separating casino players from sports bettors, and one indicating whether there was an exclusion related to problem gambling. For each of the four combinations of the two variables, 2500 gamblers were randomly selected for a thorough comparison, resulting in a total of 10,000 participants. The comparison was performed by constructing two predictive models, estimating risk scores using these models, and scrutinizing the risk scores by means of a technique originating from collaborative game theory. The number of cash wagers per active day contributed the most to problem-gambling-related exclusion in the case of sports betting, whereas the volume of money spent contributed the most to this exclusion in the case of casino players. The contribution of the volume of losses per active day was noticeable in the case of both casino players and sports bettors. For casino players, gambling via desktop computers contributed positively to problem-gambling-related exclusion. For sports bettors, it was more concerning when the individual used mobile devices. The number of approved deposits per active day contributed to problem-gambling-related exclusion to a larger extent for sports bettors than casino players. The main conclusion is that the studied explanatory variables contribute differently to problem-gambling-related exclusion among casino players and sports bettors.
Estimation of Local Microcanonical Averages in Two Lattice Mean-Field Models Using Coupling Techniques
Authors: Koskinen Kalle , Lukkarinen Jani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider an application of probabilistic coupling techniques which provides explicit estimates for comparison of local expectation values between label permutation invariant states, for instance, between certain microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensemble expectations. A particular goal is to obtain good bounds for how such errors will decay with increasing system size. As explicit examples, we focus on two well-studied mean-field models: the discrete model of a paramagnet and the mean-field spherical model of a continuum field, both of which are related to the Curie–Weiss model. The proof is based on a construction of suitable probabilistic couplings between the relevant states, using Wasserstein fluctuation distance to control the difference between the expectations in the thermodynamic limit.
Convolutional neural networks for relevance feedback in content based image retrieval
Authors: Putzu Lorenzo , Piras Luca , Giacinto Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven the great success of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image representation and classification tasks, we argue that Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems could also leverage on CNN capabilities, mainly when Relevance Feedback (RF) mechanisms are employed. On the one hand, to improve the performances of CBIRs, that are strictly related to the effectiveness of the descriptors used to represent an image, as they aim at providing the user with images similar to an initial query image. On the other hand, to reduce the semantic gap between the similarity perceived by the user and the similarity computed by the machine, by exploiting an RF mechanism where the user labels the returned images as being relevant or not concerning her interests. Consequently, in this work, we propose a CBIR system based on transfer learning from a CNN trained on a vast image database, thus exploiting the generic image representation that it has already learned. Then, the pre-trained CNN is also fine-tuned exploiting the RF supplied by the user to reduce the semantic gap. In particular, after the user’s feedback, we propose to tune and then re-train the CNN according to the labelled set of relevant and non-relevant images. Then, we suggest different strategies to exploit the updated CNN for returning a novel set of images that are expected to be relevant to the user’s needs. Experimental results on different data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms in improving the representation power of the CNN with respect to the user concept of image similarity. Moreover, the pros and cons of the different approaches can be clearly pointed out, thus providing clear guidelines for the implementation in production environments.
Rooted Spanning Superpixels
Authors: Chai Dengfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach for superpixel segmentation. It is formulated as finding a rooted spanning forest of a graph with respect to some roots and a path-cost function. The underlying graph represents an image, the roots serve as seeds for segmentation, each pixel is connected to one seed via a path, the path-cost function measures both the color similarity and spatial closeness between two pixels via a path, and each tree in the spanning forest represents one superpixel. Originating from the evenly distributed seeds, the superpixels are guided by a path-cost function to grow uniformly and adaptively, the pixel-by-pixel growing continues until they cover the whole image. The number of superpixels is controlled by the number of seeds. The connectivity is maintained by region growing. Good performances are assured by connecting each pixel to the similar seed, which are dominated by the path-cost function. It is evaluated by both the superpixel benchmark and supervoxel benchmark. Its performance is ranked as the second among top performing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, it is much faster than the other superpixel and supervoxel methods.
Floodability: A New Paradigm for Designing Urban Drainage and Achieving Sustainable Urban Growth
Authors: La Loggia Goffredo , Puleo Valeria , Freni Gabriele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor a large part of human history, urbanization was focused on two main objectives: defence and resource harvesting. The first objective was always achieved in a broad sense, i.e., defending the population from other humans and from natural events. Focusing on human activities, this defensive approach was also applied to urban drainage, which resulted in a systematic underestimation of the impacts of urbanization on natural systems. Environmental sustainability was introduced in an attempt to mitigate these impacts, as they had the potential to endanger future developments; thus, the possibility that urban floods may be the lesser evil was accepted. Resilience was then introduced to improve not only defence of urban areas but also their ability to recover from negative events, even though physical resilience is not always accompanied by social resilience. This paper attempts to address the philosophy of urban drainage design, introducing the new concept of floodability as an evolution of flood resilience by identifying its requirements and drivers and by using real examples to present the new concept.
Constraints in Anaerobic Microbial Dechlorination, Fermentation, and Sulfate-Reduction Induced by High Concentrations of Tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Yoshikawa Miho , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnaerobic bioremediation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) under high concentration conditions is difficult. Anaerobic dechlorination of PCE occurs with synergetic reactions, fermentation, and sulfate-reduction; however, the way in which high concentrations of PCE affects these reactions is still poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate how high concentrations of PCE affect fermentation and sulfate-reduction, as well as PCE dechlorination. Laboratory dechlorination tests were performed using a wide concentration range of PCE between 2 and 125 mg/L added to a microbial consortium that had been continuously cultivated in the laboratory and completely dechlorinated PCE for over 4 years. Fermentation of lactate, reduction of sulfate, and dechlorination of PCE were monitored in addition to microbial activities based on RNA. All three reactions, fermentation, sulfate-reduction, and PCE dechlorination were observed to be inhibited. The inhibition for fermentation, sulfate-reduction, and dechlorination occurred when PCE concentrations were higher than 125, 75, and 30 mg/L, respectively. The fermenter, Anaerotignum, and the sulfate-reducer, Desulfosporosinus, were active when the dechlorination was inhibited with 30 mg/L of PCE. These findings suggest that there is interference of PCE dechlorination, despite the occurrence of fermentation and sulfate reduction. Bioaugmentation with a PCE dechlorinator that is tolerant to high PCE concentrations can be a possible solution for bioremediation of PCE when its concentrations are greater than 30 mg/L.
Recovery-stress balance in professional and U-21 soccer: differences between starters and substitutes
Authors: Filho Edson , Butterworth Kelly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoccer players at the U-21 level are in the challenging process of transitioning to the professional level. Accordingly, we examined whether U-21 soccer players would show a similar recovery-stress balance profile as professional soccer players. Furthermore, we explored differences in recovery-stress balance by playing status (i.e., starter or substitute). Twenty-nine players from a League One (UK) soccer club (15 professional players and 14 U-21 players) participated in the study. The players completed a demographic form and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport). A series of 2 (team: professional or U-21) × 2 (player status: starter or substitute) ANOVAs were performed on all sub-dimensions of the RESTQ-Sport. Starters showed significantly higher levels of general well-being, being in shape, and self-efficacy. Furthermore, analysis of the interaction terms suggested that players who were professional and substitutes showed the least healthy recovery-stress balance profile among all groups of players. Accordingly, coaches and applied sport psychologists should pay special attention to the recovery-stress balance of substitute players who might be at a higher risk of overtraining and burnout.
The contribution of PM2.5 to cardiovascular disease in China
Authors: Zhang Shuqi , Routledge Michael N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChina is experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization with correspondingly high levels of air pollution. Although the harm of PM2.5 has been long reported, it is only quite recently that there is increasing concern in China for its possible adverse health effects on cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the epidemiologic evidence of potential health effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular disease reported from recent studies in China (2013 onwards). There is clear evidence for the contribution of PM2.5 to cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, ischemic heart disease, and stroke from studies based in various regions in China. This evidence adds to the global evidence that PM2.5 contributes to adverse cardiovascular health risk and highlights the need for improved air quality in China.
Bases for Structures and Theories I
Authors: Ketland Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSometimes structures or theories are formulated with different sets of primitives and yet are definitionally equivalent. In a sense, the transformations between such equivalent formulations are rather like basis transformations in linear algebra or co-ordinate transformations in geometry. Here an analogous idea is investigated. Let a relational signature $$P = \{P_i\}_{i \in I_P}$$

P
=

{

P
i

}

i
∈

I
P

be given. For a set $$\Phi = \{\phi _i\}_{i \in I_{\Phi }}$$

Φ
=

{

ϕ
i

}

i
∈

I
Φ

of $$L_P$$

L
P

-formulas, we introduce a corresponding set $$Q = \{Q_i\}_{i \in I_{\Phi }}$$

Q
=

{

Q
i

}

i
∈

I
Φ

of new relation symbols and a set of explicit definitions of the $$Q_i$$

Q
i

in terms of the $$\phi _i$$

ϕ
i

. This is called a definition system, denoted $$d_{\Phi }$$

d
Φ

. A definition system $$d_{\Phi }$$

d
Φ

determines a translation function$$\tau _{\Phi } : L_Q \rightarrow L_P$$

τ
Φ

:

L
Q

→

L
P

. Any $$L_P$$

L
P

-structure A can be uniquely definitionally expanded to a model $$A^{+} \models d_{\Phi }$$

A
+

⊧

d
Φ

, called $$A + d_{\Phi }$$

A
+

d
Φ

. The reduct $$A + d_{\Phi }$$

A
+

d
Φ

to the Q-symbols is called the definitional image$$D_{\Phi }A$$

D
Φ

A

of A. Likewise, a theory T in $$L_P$$

L
P

may be extended a definitional extension $$T + d_{\Phi }$$

T
+

d
Φ

; the restriction of this extension $$T + d_{\Phi }$$

T
+

d
Φ

to $$L_Q$$

L
Q

is called the definitional image$$D_{\Phi }T$$

D
Φ

T

of T. If $$T_1$$

T
1

and $$T_2$$

T
2

are in disjoint signatures and $$T_1 + d_{\Phi } \equiv T_2 + d_{\Theta }$$

T
1

+

d
Φ

≡

T
2

+

d
Θ

, we say that $$T_1$$

T
1

and $$T_2$$

T
2

are definitionally equivalent (wrt the definition systems $$d_{\Phi }$$

d
Φ

and $$d_{\Theta }$$

d
Θ

). Some results relating these notions are given, culminating in two characterization theorems for the definitional equivalence of structures and theories.
Malcolm X and the Philosophical Theology of James H. Cone
Authors: Pugh Maurice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMalcolm X emerged as one of the foremost and formidable leaders of the late 50s and early 60s. He esteemed and affirmed black culture, history, and beauty, thus igniting a nationalistic movement that injected “Black Power” and “Black Pride” into the America lexicon. Malcolm’s pro-black message also shaped the philosophy and methodology of a young theologian named James H. Cone who was struggling at the time to construct a Christian faith relevant to an oppressed and frustrated Black community. Cone blazed a new trail in the 1960s as the prophetic voice and the prolific scholar who creatively integrated the social justice theology of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., with the black ideology of Malcolm X.
A Contrastivist Response to Gerken’s Arguments for False Positives
Authors: Volpe Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I defend epistemological contrastivism—the view that propositional knowledge is a three-place, contrastive relation between an agent, a proposition (or fact) and a contrast term—against two a priori arguments recently offered by Mikkel Gerken for the conclusion that intuitive judgements exhibiting a contrast effect on knowledge ascriptions are false positives. I show that the epistemic argument for false positives begs the question against contrastivism by assuming the independently implausible claim that knowledge of a contrastive proposition always presupposes knowledge of a related ordinary proposition. This claim is apparently also presupposed by the doxastic argument for false positives, the conclusion of which, I argue, is not only perfectly compatible with epistemological contrastivism but also heavily dependent on a (questionable)de dictoconstrual of the relevant knowledge ascriptions.
Discrepancies in parents’ and adolescents’ reports on parent-adolescent communication and associations to adolescents’ psychological health
Authors: Kapetanovic Sabina , Boson Karin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParental knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts is central for healthy adolescent development. However, parents and their adolescent children often perceive parenting practices differently. Using data from matching parent and adolescent dyads (n = 477) from the longitudinal research program LoRDIA, we investigated in what way disagreement between parents’ and adolescents’ reports on parental knowledge, solicitation and behavioral control and adolescent disclosure, is longitudinally related to girls’ and boys’ psychological problems (internalizing and externalizing) and well-being. The adolescents’ mean age was 13.0 years (SD = .56) at T1 and 14.30 years (SD = .61) at T2, evenly distributed between boys (52.6%) and (47.4%) girls at baseline. The discrepancy scores were calculated by subtracting the adolescent’s scores from the parent’s scores. Parent-adolescent discrepancies had somewhat different patterns of associations with boys’ and girls’ psychological problems and well-being. Parental knowledge discrepancy was related to higher levels of girls’ externalizing problems while parental solicitation discrepancy was related to higher levels of boys’ externalizing problems and lower levels of girls’ wellbeing. Adolescent disclosure discrepancy was related to higher levels of girls’ internalizing problems and lower levels of well-being. Negative concurrent associations were shown between parental control discrepancy and adolescents’ internalizing problems. Parents’ overestimating the level of parent-adolescent communication, including adolescent disclosure, and parental solicitation in particular, is disadvantageous for adolescent psychological health.
Enhancing expatriates’ assignments success: the relationships between cultural intelligence, cross-cultural adaptation and performance
Authors: Setti Ilaria , Sommovigo Valentina , Argentero Piergiorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractToday’s increasingly global marketplace is resulting in more organizations sending employees to work outside their home countries as expatriates. Consequently, identifying factors influencing expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment at work and performance has become an increasingly important issue for both researchers and firms. Drawing on Kim et al. (2008), this study examines the critical elements to expatriate success, which are the relationships between cultural intelligence, cross-cultural adjustment at work, and assignment-specific performance. One-hundred and fifty-one expatriates working within the energy sector, who were mainly located in the Middle East completed questionnaires, investigating: cultural intelligence (Cultural Intelligence Scale), cross-cultural adjustment (Expatriate Adjustment Scale), performance (Expatriate Contextual/Managerial Performance Skills), cultural distance (Kogut and Singh’ index), length of staying in the host country and international work experience. Findings indicated that the four cultural intelligence components were directly and indirectly (through cross-cultural adjustment at work) associated with performance. The positive relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment at work was stronger when cultural distance was low, when expatriates were at the beginning of a new international assignment, and when they had lower experience. Organizations can greatly benefit from hiring cross-culturally intelligent expatriates for international assignments, providing their employees with pre-departure training programs aimed at increasing cultural intelligence, and giving them organizational resources and logistical help to support them.