bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and mode of death in a dynamic and non-restricted tertiary care model in Germany
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , von Cube Maja , Kalbhenn Johannes , Utzolino Stefan , Pernice Katharina , Bechet Lena , Baur Johanna , Lang Corinna N. , Wagner Dirk , Wolkewitz Martin , Kern Winfried V. , Biever Paul ,   on behalf of the COVID UKF Study Group
Published: November 2020

Background
Reported mortality of hospitalised Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients varies substantially, particularly in critically ill patients. So far COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and modes of death under state of the art care have not been systematically studied.

Methods
This retrospective observational monocenter cohort study was performed after implementation of a non-restricted, dynamic tertiary care model at the University Medical Center Freiburg, an experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extracorporeal membrane-oxygenation (ECMO) referral center. All hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, secondary endpoints included major complications and modes of death. A multistate analysis and a Cox regression analysis for competing risk models were performed. Modes of death were determined by two independent reviewers.

Results
Between February 25, and May 8, 213 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 65 years, 129 patients (61%) were male. 70 patients (33%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), of which 57 patients (81%) received mechanical ventilation and 23 patients (33%) ECMO support. Using multistate methodology, the estimated probability to die within 90 days after COVID-19 onset was 24% in the whole cohort. If the levels of care at time of study entry were accounted for, the probabilities to die were 16% if the patient was initially on a regular ward, 47% if in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 57% if mechanical ventilation was required at study entry. Age ≥65 years and male sex were predictors for in-hospital death. Predominant complications–as judged by two independent reviewers–determining modes of death were multi-organ failure, septic shock and thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications.

Conclusion
In a dynamic care model COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality remained very high. In the absence of potent antiviral agents, strategies to alleviate or prevent the identified complications should be investigated. In this context, multistate analyses enable comparison of models-of-care and treatment strategies and allow estimation and allocation of health care resources.
Clustering of health risk behaviors among adolescents in Kilifi, Kenya, a rural Sub-Saharan African setting
Authors: Ssewanyana Derrick , Abubakar Amina , Newton Charles R. J. C. , Otiende Mark , Mochamah George , Nyundo Christopher , Walumbe David , Nyutu Gideon , Amadi David , Doyle Aoife M. , Ross David A. , Nyaguara Amek , Williams Thomas N. , Bauni Evasius 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAdolescents tend to experience heightened vulnerability to risky and reckless behavior. Adolescents living in rural settings may often experience poverty and a host of risk factors which can increase their vulnerability to various forms of health risk behavior (HRB). Understanding HRB clustering and its underlying factors among adolescents is important for intervention planning and health promotion. This study examines the co-occurrence of injury and violence, substance use, hygiene, physical activity, and diet-related risk behaviors among adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast. Specifically, the study objectives were to identify clusters of HRB; based on five categories of health risk behavior, and to identify the factors associated with HRB clustering.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted of a random sample of 1060 adolescents aged 13–19 years living within the area covered by the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Participants completed a questionnaire on health behaviors which was administered via an Audio Computer-Assisted Self–Interview. Latent class analysis on 13 behavioral factors (injury and violence, hygiene, alcohol tobacco and drug use, physical activity, and dietary related behavior) was used to identify clustering and stepwise ordinal logistic regression with nonparametric bootstrapping identified the factors associated with clustering. The variables of age, sex, education level, school attendance, mental health, form of residence and level of parental monitoring were included in the initial stepwise regression model.ResultsWe identified 3 behavioral clusters (Cluster 1:Low-risk takers (22.9%);Cluster 2:Moderate risk-takers (67.8%);Cluster 3:High risk-takers (9.3%)). Relative to the cluster 1, membership of higher risk clusters (i.e. moderate or high risk-takers) was strongly associated with older age (p<0.001), being male (p<0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.005), school non-attendance (p = 0.001) and a low level of parental monitoring (p<0.001).ConclusionThere is clustering of health risk behaviors that underlies communicable and non-communicable diseases among adolescents in rural coastal Kenya. This suggests the urgent need for targeted multi-component health behavior interventions that simultaneously address all aspects of adolescent health and well-being, including the mental health needs of adolescents.
Total small vessel disease burden and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Ryu Wi-Sun , Jeong Sang-Wuk , Kim Dong-Eog 
Published: November 2020

Background
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is comprised of lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS). We investigated the cumulative effect of SVD on 3-month functional outcome following ischemic stroke using the total SVD score.

Methods
The total SVD score of 477 acute ischemic stroke patients with adequate brain MRI was analyzed. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the independent impact of total SVD score on ordinal modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3-month after ischemic stroke.

Results
Mean age was 66±14 years, and 61% were men. The distribution of the total SVD score from 0 to 4 was 27%, 24%, 26%, 16%, and 7%, respectively. The proportion of mRS scores 2 or greater was 16% and 47% in total SVD score 0 and 4, respectively. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis results showed that compared with the total SVD score of 0, total SVD scores of 2, 3, and 4 were independently associated with higher mRS scores with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.68 (1.02–2.76), 2.24 (1.25–4.00), and 2.00 (1.02–4.29). Lacunes, CMBs, WMHs but not EPVS were associated with mRS scores at 3 months. However, the impact of each SVD marker on stroke outcome was smaller than that of the total SVD score.

Conclusion
We found an independent association between total SVD scores and functional outcome at 3 months following ischemic stroke. The total SVD score may be useful for stratification of patients who are at a high-risk of unfavorable outcomes.
I cento fascicoli delle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“, 1898–2020
Authors: Rando Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On the occasion of the 100th issue of the „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“, the article offers a retrospective look at the journal, with a focus on the medieval section. It highlights the presentation or edition of Vatican sources, both as a reflection of the Institute’s research and as a constant distinctive feature in the context of international journals. At the same time, the author stresses the journal’s openness to new topics following trends in medieval studies, alongside well-established issues, and the increasingly intense internationalisation resulting from collaboration with other researchers and institutes based in Rome, Italy and abroad. Finally, it expresses the hope that the journal may continue to be a means of fostering research on primary sources, especially in the context of the Repertorium Germanicum.
La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche
Authors: Fosi Irene 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.
Grauzone Privatarchiv
Authors: Erkens Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As Frédéric Döhl recently noted in his article „Potential und Risiken des Archival Turns in den Digital Humanities für die Musikwissenschaft“ (in: „Archiv für Musikwissenschaft“ 75,4 [2018], pp. 301–320), the hierarchy of accessibility among sources shifts perceptibly during digitalization, and musicology and archives ultimately become something like a dual form of music historiography. This paper tries to argue that the limited accessibility of private archives can be regarded as a parallel phenomenon to the digital multiplication of already known sources, while non-digitized sources increasingly disappear from focus. To avoid unintended consequences that hinder research attempting to open up new sources, it is necessary to find feasible paths to a fruitful handling of such archives at the intersection of the public and private interest. The limitations of temporary research projects in particular complicate the options for exploitation, as the grey area of private archives offers the services of public archives only to a very limited extent. Here, the researcher is often not a user but a supplicant. Considering some of the main problems regarding persisting inaccessibility, reduced opening hours and dealing with archive catalogues (when they exist), this article attempts to determine the potential for a restricted, though fruitful, use of undiscovered sources during ongoing research in which the exploitation of a private archive with an abundance of material is just part of a research project and not its main focus. The discussion is enriched with personal experiences, with two examples from Venice and Florence. These empirical insights were obtained during research on the production mechanisms of Italian opera in the first half of the 18th Century, but could be extended to other interdisciplinary projects that tackle an extensive corpus of heterogeneous sources.
Resilienz und Konstruktion von Sicherheit
Authors: Caruso Amerigo , Hammann Linda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prospero Balbo, the head of a leading Piedmontese noble family, followed a career path similar to that of the versatile French statesman Talleyrand. In the aftermath of 1789, Balbo served under four different regimes: the Old Regime monarchy, the Russian provisional administration of Piedmont in 1799, the Napoleonic empire, and the restored Savoy monarchy. After the short-lived revolutionary movement of 1821 in Sardinia-Piedmont, Prospero lost his job as interior minister and his son, Cesare, was forced into exile. The revolutionary waves of 1820–1821 were the most recent of numerous disruptive events and regime changes that jeopardized Europe and the Atlantic world between the late 1770 s and the early 1820 s. These five decades of revolutionary upheavals, wars, and persistent insecurity forced the traditional elites to mobilize their material, cultural, and social resources to preserve their prestige and power. Based on extensive archival research, this article examines the resilience-strengthening resources and strategies implemented by members of the Balbo family during periods of political turmoil. In doing so, the article aims to develop an analytical and conceptual framework to describe historical processes in terms of resilience and vulnerability. This new approach enables us to look afresh at elite transformations and at the dynamics of political change and continuity in early nineteenth-century Europe.
Influenza A viruses limit NLRP3‐NEK7‐complex formation and pyroptosis in human macrophages
Authors: Boal‐Carvalho Inês , Mazel‐Sanchez Béryl , Silva Filo , Garnier Laure , Yildiz Soner , Bonifacio Joao PPL , Niu Chengyue , Williams Nathalia , Francois Patrice , Schwerk Nicolaus , Schöning Jennifer , Carlens Julia , Viemann Dorothee , Hugues Stephanie , Schmolke Mirco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPyroptosis is a fulminant form of macrophage cell death, contributing to release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In humans, it depends on caspase 1/4‐activation of gasdermin D and is characterized by the release of cytoplasmic content. Pathogens apply strategies to avoid or antagonize this host response. We demonstrate here that a small accessory protein (PB1‐F2) of contemporary H5N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) curtails fulminant cell death of infected human macrophages. Infection of macrophages with a PB1‐F2‐deficient mutant of a contemporary IAV resulted in higher levels of caspase‐1 activation, cleavage of gasdermin D, and release of LDH and IL‐1β. Mechanistically, PB1‐F2 limits transition of NLRP3 from its auto‐repressed and closed confirmation into its active state. Consequently, interaction of a recently identified licensing kinase NEK7 with NLRP3 is diminished, which is required to initiate inflammasome assembly.
Types and terminology of remote project teams
Authors: Krasnokutska Natalia , Podoprykhina Tetiana 
Published: November 2020

Purpose – to develop project management terminology.
Findings. This study indicates thе significant changes that occurred in working conditions in the last centuries that led to the new models' formation of employee interaction at enterprises, especially remotely, such as distributed, virtual, and dispersed project teams. Clarification of the terminology of project management indicates the meaning of the term "distributed team". This paper separated the term from several related concepts and demonstrated the benefits of integrating distributed project teams within an enterprise.
Originality/Value. Paper analyzes the term, features and differences of the distributed project team from other types of remote teams. Practical implications. The terminology of remote project team can beused by project managers from a theoretical point of view.
Research limitations/Future research. Future research can focus on the way to manage a distributed project team effectively.
Paper type – theoretical.
Hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility on smooth muscle cells of polyethylene glycol–polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes
Authors: Morales-Gonzalez Maria , Arévalo-Alquichire Said , Diaz Luis E. , Sans Juan Ángel , Vilariño-Feltrer Guillermo , Gómez-Tejedor José A. , Valero Manuel F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using Machine Learning for Decreasing State Uncertainty in Planning
Authors: Krivic Senka , Cashmore Michael , Magazzeni Daniele , Szedmak Sandor , Piater Justus 
Published: November 2020

We present a novel approach for decreasing state uncertainty in planning prior to solving the planning problem. This is done by making predictions about the state based on currently known information, using machine learning techniques. For domains where uncertainty is high, we define an active learning process for identifying which information, once sensed, will best improve the accuracy of predictions.
We demonstrate that an agent is able to solve problems with uncertainties in the state with less planning effort compared to standard planning techniques. Moreover, agents can solve problems for which they could not find valid plans without using predictions. Experimental results also demonstrate that using our active learning process for identifying information to be sensed leads to gathering information that improves the prediction process.
‘HUMBOLDTIAN SCIENCE’ AND BEYOND. THE HUMBOLDTIAN WAY OF SEEING AND KNOWING IN VIENNA AND IN FRANZ UNGER’S AND FRIEDRICH SIMONY’S EARTH SCIENCES
Authors: KLEMUN MARIANNE 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This contribution builds on the notion of ‘Humboldtian Science’, coined by the American historian of science Susan F. Cannon who, in her book Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (1978), identifed a constellation of practices, strategies and ideas as typical of the research style of British naturalists during the nineteenth century. Cannon’s explanatory model has been widely accepted and for many different reasons. It became attractive as it seemed to break the deadlock of the ambivalence between idealism and empiricism, leading beyond the narrow perspective of academic disciplines. At the same time, it focused on practices and has become a useful tool to analyze the seemingly everyday activities of naturalists in the field.
This contribution discusses the potential of this concept at different levels and will also show its limits; insofar as it runs the risk of idealizing Humboldt as an already epigonal figure. It will also analyze Humboldt’s connections to Vienna and his influences on natural sciences by focusing on two examples from the earth sciences, the contributions of the palaeontologist and biologist Franz Unger and the geologist and geographer Friedrich Simony. In so doing, it will widen understanding of the impact of Humboldt’s work in Vienna, detecting not only ‘Humboldtian Science’ but also the Humboldtian way of seeing and knowing where it is not expected: in Unger’s Atlantis theory, his visualization of origins of cultivated plants, and his visualization of deep time, as well as Friedrich Simony’s concept of scientific landscape drawings.
Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of Boron Transport in Reservoir and Its Influence on Seawater-Breakthrough Calculation
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Xiang , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2020

SummarySeawater injection is widely used to maintain offshore-oil-reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. However, injecting seawater into reservoirs can cause many issues, such as reservoir souring and scaling, which are strongly related to the seawater-breakthrough percentage. Accurately calculating the seawater-breakthrough percentage is important for estimating the severity of those problems and further developing effective strategies to mitigate those issues. The validation of using natural-ion boron as a tracer to calculate seawater-breakthrough percentage was investigated. Boron can interact with clays, which can influence the accuracy in seawater-breakthrough calculation. Therefore, the interaction between boron and different clays at various conditions was first studied, and the Freundlich adsorption equation was used to describe the boron-adsorption isotherms. Then, the boron-adsorption isotherms were coupled into the reservoir simulator to investigate the boron transport in porous media, and the results in turn were further analyzed to calculate the accurate seawater-breakthrough percentage. Results indicated that boron adsorption by different clays varied. pH value of solution can significantly influence the amount of boron adsorbed. As a result, the boron-concentration profile was delayed in coreflood tests. The accuracy of the new model was verified by convergence rate tests and comparison with analytical results. Furthermore, model results fit well with experimental data. On the basis of the reservoir-simulation results, the boron-concentration profile in produced water can be used to calculate the seawater-breakthrough percentage by considering the clay-content distribution. However, the seawater-breakthrough point cannot be determined by boron because the boron concentration is still at the formation level after seawater breakthrough due to boron desorption.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linezolid following Intragastric and Intravenous Administrations in ICU Patients
Authors: Sun Zhidan , Zhang Xing , Zheng Junbo , Hou Guiying , Han Qiuyuan , Qi Zhidong , Huang Rui , Yu Yang , Liu Gaofeng , Gao Yang , Ye Ming , Li Ming , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Hong-Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Though intravenous infusion linezolid therapy is common for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), intragastric linezolid therapy is also provided for those whose gastrointestinal function are feasible. If intragastric linezolid acquired similar pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters, this might be preferred based on cost and ease of liquid volume management.Methods. Patients in the ICU treated with intragastric and intravenous linezolid were included. Serial blood samples were collected and linezolid concentrations were measured. PK data were analyzed using Pmetrics. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate PD target achievement. Results. Tmax was 1.06 ± 0.82 h of the study period in 10 patients receiving intragastric linezolid and 0.65 ± 0.24 h in 10 patients receiving intravenous linezolid (p<0.001). Cmax was 9.07 ± 4.99 mg/mL of patients with intragastric linezolid and 12.30 ± 4.06 mg/mL of patients with intravenous linezolid (p=0.904). Clearance was 11.99 ± 11.24 L/h in patients with intragastric linezolid and 14.48 ± 3.56 L/h in patients with intravenous linezolid (p=0.342). For infections with a microorganism with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/L, simulations demonstrated that with 600 mg every 12 hours, 58.22% would have a linezolid concentration greater than the MIC during 100% of the dosing interval (%T > MIC = 100%) in intragastric group, whereas this was 71.36% in intravenous group. Higher SOFA score and body weight were associated with lower probability of target attainment (PTA) of linezolid with standard regimen.Conclusions. Patients in ICU may be at high risk for underexposure to linezolid by intragastric administration, especially when their SOFA score and body weight is high and when infected with pathogens with an MIC ≥ 2 mg/L.