bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Distributed framework for detecting DDoS attacks in smart contract‐based Blockchain‐IoT Systems by leveraging Fog computing
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Kumar Randhir , Gupta Govind P. , Tripathi Rakesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the advancement of blockchain technology, and the proliferation of Internet of things (IoT)‐driven devices, the blockchain‐IoT applications is changing the perception and working infrastructure of smart networks. Blockchain supports decentralized architecture and provides secure management, authentication, and access to IoT systems by deploying smart contracts provided by Ethereum. The growing demand and expansion of blockchain‐IoT systems is generating large volume of sensitive data. Moreover, distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks are the most challenging threats to smart contracts in blockchain‐IoT systems. The 2016 decentralized autonomous organization and 2017 parity wallet attacks exposed the critical fault‐lines among Ethereum smart contracts. Currently, there is no security mechanism available for smart contracts after its deployment in blockchain‐IoT systems. In order to address these challenges, first we use two artificial intelligence techniques, random forest (RF) and XGBoost that gives full autonomy in decision making capabilities in the proposed security framework. Second, for data load balancing and distributed file storage of IoT data, interplanetary file system is suggested. Finally, we are the first to propose a distributed framework based on fog computing to detect DDoS attacks in smart contracts. The performance of the detection system is evaluated using actual IoT dataset, namely, BoT‐IoT. The proposed system is evaluated in terms of accuracy (AC), detection rate (DR), and false alarm rate (FAR). The results confirms the superiority of the proposed framework over some of the recent state‐of‐art techniques in detecting rare attacks. The proposed framework has achieved DR up to 99.99% using RF by using 10 features of BoT‐IoT dataset.
Does formal home care reduce inpatient length of stay?
Authors: Walsh Brendan , Lyons Seán , Smith Samantha , Wren Maev‐Ann , Eighan James , Morgenroth Edgar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFormal home care is an appropriate substitute for acute hospital care for many older people. However, limited empirical evidence exists on the extent of substitution between the supply of home care and hospital use. This study examines whether patients from areas with a better supply of home care have lower inpatient length of stay (LOS). We link administrative data on over 300,000 public hospital inpatient admissions in Ireland between 2012 and 2015 to region‐year panel data on public home care supply. In addition to modeling average LOS, we estimate unconditional quantile regressions to examine whether home care supply has a disproportionately strong impact on long LOS. We find that inpatients from areas with higher per capita home care supply have lower average LOS; a 10% increase in home care is associated with a 1.2%–2.1% reduction in LOS. This result is driven by the subset of patients with the longest LOS, likely delayed discharges. Stronger results were found for stroke and hip fracture patients, who might be expected to have higher than average propensity to use home care services, and for patients from a region that experienced an unusually large increase in home care supply.
Using the Perceptual Cycle Model and Schema World Action Research Method to generate design requirements for new avionic systems
Authors: Banks Victoria A. , Allison Craig K. , Plant Katherine L. , Parnell Katie J. , Stanton Neville A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Schema World Action Research Method (SWARM) has previously been used as a means to explore the underlying decision‐making processes involved in retrospective incident reports. The approach has been fruitful in capturing all interacting processes involved in managing incidents. This paper proposes that SWARM may also be used prospectively within the early phases of the design lifecycle for new behavioral‐based intervention strategies. Six pilot interviews were conducted to explore pilots' perceptual cycle processing when faced with a suspected engine oil leak. The aim was to explore whether there may be any deficiencies within current practise and explore ways in which pilots may be better supported in dealing with abnormal system parameters such as this. A number of design recommendations are proposed for a new avionic system capable of supporting and guiding pilots through the decision‐making process.
Maternal early pregnancy serum level of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Al‐Shafei Ahmad I. , Rayis Duria A. , Mohieldein Abdelmarouf H. , El‐Gendy Ola A. , Adam Ishag 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess if early pregnancy (≤14 weeks of gestation) 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA nested case‐control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted at Saad Abualila Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period of January to November 2017. Clinical and obstetrical data were gathered, 25(OH)D concentration was measured at the first prenatal visit, and a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation.ResultsCompared with women without GDM, in women with GDM, the median of the 25(OH)D level was significantly lower (7.3 [interquartile range 5.7–8.8] ng/mL versus 8.4 [interquartile range 6.6–11.9] ng/mL, P=0.001). All women in the study (with and without GDM) had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL). The results of the logistic regression showed that a low 25(OH)D level was the only factor associated with GDM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.95, P=0.010). Women with 25(OH)D less than 6.0 ng/mL were at a higher risk of GDM (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.29–8.12, P=0.012).ConclusionA low 25(OH)D level in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of GDM. This finding might be useful in predicting GDM.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound in management of placenta accreta spectrum: A systematic review
Authors: Abd Elazeem Hossam Aldein S. , Saad Mahmoud M. , Ahmed Islam A. , Sayed Esraa G. , AlMahdy AlBatool M. , Atef Fatma , Elassall Gena M. , Ashraf Salah Mohamed , Ali Ahmed K. , Ragab Esraa Y. , Shazly Sherif A. ,   Middle‐East Obstetrics, Gynecology Graduate Education (MOGGE) Foundation Research Committee
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non‐invasive procedure that has been studied in the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).ObjectiveTo appraise HIFU in the management of PAS and highlight the restrictions on converting uterus‐preserving studies into evidence‐based practice.Search strategyA search on Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted from date of inception to January 2020.Selection criteriaStudies on using HIFU in the management of PAS were eligible. Review articles, conference papers, and case reports were excluded.Data collectionA standardized sheet was used to abstract data from eligible studies. CON‐PAS registry was used to include studies on other conservative modalities.ResultsFour studies were eligible (399 patients). Average residual placental volume was 61.74 cm3 (6.01–339 cm3). Treatment was successful in all patients. Normal menstruation recovered after 48.8 days (15–150 days). No major complications were encountered. Sixty‐one studies were retrieved from the CON‐PAS registry; uterine artery embolization (23 studies), balloon placement (15 studies), compression sutures (10 studies), placenta in situ (7 studies), and uterine resection (6 studies) were successful in 83.7%, 92.9%, 87.9%, 85.2%, and 79.3% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsHIFU may fit certain clinical situations in the management of PAS. A global research strategy is recommended to incorporate conservative approaches within a comprehensive management protocol.
Biocompatibility and stability during storage of Foley urinary catheters coated chlorhexidine loaded nanoparticles by nanocoating: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Srisang Siriwan , Boongird Atthaporn , Ungsurungsie Malyn , Wanasawas Pimpaka , Nasongkla Norased 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFoley urinary catheters were coated by chlorhexidine‐loaded micelles and chlorhexidine‐loaded nanospheres. In our prior study, the nanocoating of Foley urinary catheter was investigated for chlorhexidine‐release study, degradation, antibacterial evaluation, and cytotoxicity assessment. These studies presented the 1 month antibacterial property of nanocoating deposited via the layers of micelles and nanospheres. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility of these catheters, including hemocompatibility, skin irritation, skin sensitization, and stability during the age of coated urinary catheter. Results demonstrated that coated urinary catheters presented slight hemolysis, whereas skin irritation on rabbit and skin sensitization on Dunkin Hartley guinea pig showed no signs of dermal toxicity, which indicated that inflammation, redness, and swelling did not occur. Moreover, the stability of coated urinary catheters during storage indicated no change in chlorhexidine peaks by high performance liquid chromatography. Information from these studies supports the biocompatibility of coated urinary catheters via nanocoating and their use as indwelling devices to prevent urinary tract infections.
Neuroprotective effect of rhaponticin against Parkinson disease: Insights from in vitro BV‐2 model and in vivo MPTP‐induced mice model
Authors: Zhao Fangfang , Tian Huijun , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Yang Hongan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative illness associated with the loss or damage to neurons of the dopaminergic system in the brain. Few therapeutic approaches and considerable side effects of conventional drugs necessitate a new therapeutic agent to treat patients with PD. Rhaponticin is a natural hydroxystilbene, found in herbal plants such as Rheum rhaponticum, and known to have desirable biological activity including anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the neuroinflammation on rhaponticin levels has only been investigated partially so far. So, the current study explored whether rhaponticin could ameliorate the pathophysiology observed in both the in vitro microglial BV‐2 cells and the in vivo (1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,5‐tetrahydropyridine [MPTP])‐mediated PD model. The results show rhaponticin significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated microglial activation by suppressing nitric oxide synthase in conjunction with abridged reactive oxygen species production together with proinflammatory mediator reduction. In vivo rhaponticin treatment improves motor impairments as well as the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP‐treated mice possibly through suppression via mediators of inflammation. Taken together, these results offer evidence that rhaponticin exerts anti‐inflammatory effects and neuroprotection in an LPS‐induced microglial model and the MPTP‐induced mouse models of PD.
Development of iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis: Comparison of the UVAR and CELLEX instruments
Authors: Moosavi Mitchell M. , Goodman Abigail L. , Duncan Alexander , Stowell Sean R. , Waller Edmund K. , Roback John D. , Sullivan Harold C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a procedure used to influence T‐cell activity in patients suffering from immune‐mediated cellular damage secondary to activated lymphocytes. Although well‐tolerated, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been described. The goal herein is to describe IDA in patients who received extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment using UVAR (Therakos Inc) and CELLEX (Therakos Inc) instruments.Design and MethodsPatients treated with ECP from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. IDA was defined by a decrease in hemoglobin following treatment with concomitant decrease in mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, increased RBC distribution width, and/or iron studies compatible with IDA.ResultsDuring the four‐year study period, thirty‐four patients received ECP. Thirteen (38%) underwent treatment with the previous UVAR device while 21 (62%) received treatment on the newer CELLEX instrument. Nineteen (56%) of the cohort developed clinical and laboratory evidence of IDA with an average of 3.2 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin. Patients who developed IDA treated on the CELLEX instrument experienced a significantly greater drop in hemoglobin (P = .04) than those treated on the UVAR. Examining the CELLEX‐treated patients, those who received the procedure at greater frequency experienced significantly greater drops in hemoglobin (P = .03).ConclusionsIDA is a risk of chronic ECP therapy and is likely secondary to retained blood components in the instrument. The temporal relationship between anemia and ECP treatment has a direct correlation with the treatment schedule. Patients undergoing ECP treatment should be closely monitored for the development of IDA.
Evaluation of a dynamic navigation system for training students in dental implant placement
Authors: Zhan Yalin , Wang Miaozhen , Cheng Xueyuan , Li Yi , Shi Xiaorui , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveComputer‐guided simulation systems may offer a novel training approach in many surgical fields. This study aimed to compare dental students’ learning progress in dental implants placement between a dynamic navigation system and a traditional training method using a simulation model.MethodsSenior dental students with no implant placement experience were randomly assigned to implant placement training using a dynamic navigation system or a traditional freehand protocol. After training, 3‐dimensional (3D) deviation at implant platform, 3D deviation at implant apex, and deviation of implant axis between the planned and placed implant positions were measured using superimposed cone beam computed tomography scans.ResultsSix students were trained in this study. Students showed significantly greater improvement in implant placement after training using the dynamic navigation system than after using the traditional freehand protocol. Overall deviation of implant axis (P < 0.001) and 3D apex deviation (P = 0.014) improved with training using the dynamic navigation system, but differences in 3D platform deviation (P = 0.513) were not statistically significant.ConclusionsA dynamic navigation system may be a useful teaching tool in the early development of clinical skills in implant placement for the novice practitioners. Novice practitioners exhibited significant improvement in angulation deviation across implant placement attempts with dynamic navigation system training.
Intratubular penetration of endodontic sealers depends on the fluorophore used for CLSM assessment
Authors: Furtado Taiane Correa , de Bem Igor Abreu , Machado Lucas Silveira , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , da Rosa Ricardo Abreu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRoot canal filling aims at eliminating empty spaces into the root canal system using biologically compatible materials. Three‐dimensional root canal obturation must prevent or minimize the reinfection caused by microorganisms' leakage. This study aimed at evaluating whether fluorophore (Rhodamine or Fluo‐3) influences the CLSM images of intratubular penetration of four endodontic sealers. Eighty bovine teeth were prepared using K files up to a size #70 and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. All roots were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the sealer and fluorophore used: AH Plus/Rhodamine, AH Plus/Fluo‐3, Sealer Plus/Rhodamine, Sealer Plus/Fluo‐3, Sealer Plus BC/Rhodamine, Sealer Plus BC/Fluo‐3, Endosequence/Rhodamine, and Endosequence/Fluo‐3. All roots were filled using cold lateral compaction technique. After 7 days, the roots were transversely sectioned, and three slices, one of each canal third, were obtained. Intratubular penetration was evaluated using CLSM. Sealer Plus BC/Rhodamine and Endosequence BC/Rhodamine presented higher intratubular penetration than AH Plus/Fluo‐3 and Sealer Plus/Fluo‐3 (p ˂ .05). The intragroup analysis showed similar intratubular penetration, regardless of the root third, except for the apical third in AH Plus/Fluo‐3 and Sealer Plus BC/Fluo‐3 groups. The type of fluorophore influences the calcium silicate sealers' tubular penetration but not of epoxy resin‐based ones using CLSM. Bioceramic sealers should not be used associated with Rhodamine for CLSM evaluation.Research HighlightsThe type of fluorophore influences the calcium silicate sealers' tubular penetration but not of epoxy resin‐based ones when CLSM is used for assessment. Bioceramic sealers should not be used associated with Rhodamine.
Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and α‐glucosidase enzyme inhibition of α‐aminophosphonate derivatives bearing piperazine‐1,2,3‐triazole moiety
Authors: Kandula Madhu Kumar Reddy , Gundluru Mohan , Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy , Gundala Sravya , Kotha Peddanna , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Chadive Sridevi , Cirandur Suresh Reddy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel series of piperazine‐1,2,3‐triazole bearing dimethyl(((2‐(4‐((1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐yl)methyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)ethylamino)(2‐hydroxyaryl)methyl)phosphonate derivatives have been prepared via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) (Click Reaction) and Schiff base reactions. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral characterization (1H, 13C and 31P NMR, and mass). The title compounds were evaluated for in vitro alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition and in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH and H2O2 methods.
Comparative study of binding interactions between three organometallic rhodium(III) complexes with curcuminoid ligands and human serum albumin
Authors: Huang Shan , Luo Huajian , Su Wei , Xiao Qi , Xie Jiangning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganometallic rhodium(III) complexes with curcuminoid ligands attracted considerable attention in biological‐related fields and the variation of curcuminoid ligands may regulate the biological activity of these organometallic rhodium(III) complexes. To deeply evaluate the biological influences of these complexes, the binding interactions between three rhodium(III) complexes with curcuminoid ligands and human serum albumin (HSA) were comparably investigated by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The results suggested that the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA was quenched by three complexes through static fluorescence quenching mode. Three complexes bonded with Sudlow's site I of HSA to form ground‐state compounds under the binding forces of van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds formation, and protonation. Finally, the native conformational structure and the thermal stability of HSA were all changed. Space steric hindrance of complexes took part in the differences of the fluorescence quenching processes, and the chemical polarity of the complexes played a vital role in the variations of the structure and biological activity of HSA. These results illustrated the molecular interactions between protein and organometallic rhodium(III) complexes with curcuminoid ligands, offering new insight about the prospective applications of analogical rhodium(III) complexes in biomedicine areas.
Neural Correlates of Motor Imagery of Gait in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Abidi Malek , de Marco Giovanni , Grami Fatma , Termoz Nicolas , Couillandre Annabelle , Querin Giorgia , Bede Peter , Pradat Pierre‐Francois 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGait impairment is poorly characterized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), despite increasing evidence of extrapyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction. Gait impairment adds to the considerable motor disability of ALS patients and requires targeted multidisciplinary interventions.PurposeTo assess gait imagery‐specific networks and functional adaptation in ALS.Study TypeProspective.PopulationSeventeen ALS patients with lower motor neuron predominant (LMNp) disability, 14 patients with upper motor neurons predominant (UMNp) disease, and 14 healthy controls were included.Field Strength/Sequences3T / gradient echo echo planar (GE‐EPI).AssessmentSubjects performed a dual motor imagery task: normal and precision gait. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised Second Version (MIQ‐rs) was used to appraise movement imagery in each participant. Study group‐specific activation patterns were evaluated during motor imagery of gait. Additional generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were carried out using the supplementary motor area, caudate, cerebellum, and superior parietal lobule as seed regions.Statistical TestsRepeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare time imagery and MIQ‐rs scores between groups. Size effects were also reported as partial eta squared (η2). One‐way ANOVA was performed to explore differences in terms of connexions during motor imagery tasks.ResultsA significant increase in imagery time in UMNp patients compared to controls (P < 0.05) and LMNp (P < 0.05) during imagined gait was demonstrated. UMNp patients exhibited altered supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation and increased orbitofrontal (pFDR(False Discovery Rate) < 0.05), posterior parietal (pFDR < 0.05) caudate (pFDR < 0.05), and cerebellar (pFDR < 0.05) signal during imagined locomotion. Increased effective connectivity of the striato‐cerebellar and parieto‐cerebellar circuits was also demonstrated. Additional activation was detected in the insula and cingulate cortex.Data ConclusionEnhanced striato‐ and parieto‐cerebellar networks in UMNp ALS patients are likely to represent a compensatory response to impaired postural control.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage5