bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of resonant structures in resin matrix to mitigate the blast wave with a very wide frequency range
Authors: Li Q Q , He Z C , Li E , Liu P , Lin X Y , Wu Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, resonant structures (RSs) are embedded in the resin matrix to form the micro-scale artificial composite materials to mitigate the blast wave with a very wide frequency range (BWR). The propagation of stress waves in the resin and composite materials is described, and the composite materials exhibit stronger blast wave attenuation characteristic compared with the pure resin material. The attenuation mechanism of the composite materials is explained in detail through the absorption, storage and conversion of impact energy. In addition, the influences of materials of the RSs on the performances of the composite materials are analyzed, and the RS is redesigned to further improve the attenuation effect of the composite material. Equivalent model of the composite material is first proposed and established based on the weakly nonlinear lattice system (WNLS). At the same time, artificial tree algorithm is applied to design its spring stiffness parameters. Based on the WNLS, a three-dimensional composite material plate structure is built to mitigate the overpressure of blast wave at the macro-scale. Compared with traditional materials, the composite material exhibits superior attenuation effect and greater lightweight.
Using machine learning to reveal the population vector from EEG signals
Authors: Kobler Reinmar J , Almeida Inês , Sburlea Andreea I , Müller-Putz Gernot R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective. Since the discovery of the population vector that directly relates neural spiking activity with arm movement direction, it has become feasible to control robotic arms and neuroprostheses using invasively recorded brain signals. For non-invasive approaches, a direct relation between human brain signals and arm movement direction is yet to be established. Approach. Here, we investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in temporal and spectral domains in a continuous, circular arm movement task. Using machine learning methods that respect the linear mixture of brain activity within EEG signals, we show that directional information is represented in the temporal domain in amplitude modulations of the same frequency as the arm movement, and in the spectral domain in power modulations of the 20–24 Hz frequency band. Main results. In the temporal domain, the directional information was mainly expressed in primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contralateral to the moving arm, while in the spectral domain SM1 and PPC of both hemispheres predicted arm movement direction. The different cortical representations suggest distinct neural representations in both domains. Significance. This direct relation between neural activity and arm movement direction in both domains demonstrates the potential of machine learning to reveal neuroscientific insights about the dynamics of human arm movements.
A seven-fold rise in the probability of exceeding the observed hottest summer in India in a 2 °C warmer world
Authors: J S Nanditha , van der Wiel Karin , Bhatia Udit , Stone Dáithí , Selton Frank , Mishra Vimal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeatwaves and extreme temperatures during summer (April–May) in India have profound implications on public health, mortality, water availability, and productivity of labourers. However, how the frequency of the hottest summers in observed record (1951–2015) will change under the warming climate in India is not well explored. Using observations from the India Meteorological Department, we show that mean maximum summer temperature has increased significantly in three (arid, monsoon, and savannah) out of five major climatic regions of India during 1951–2015. We identify the hottest summer in the observed record in the five climatic regions in India. The arid, cold, and temperate regions experienced the hottest summer in 2010 while monsoon and Savannah regions witnessed the hottest summer in 1979 and 1973, respectively. Based on simulations from the Climate of 20th Century Plus (C20C+) Detection and Attribution project, we show that the regional hottest summer of 2010 can be attributed to the anthropogenic warming. We then use simulations of a large (2000 year) ensemble of the EC-Earth model to estimate the exceedance probability of the observed hottest summer in the present climate, 2 °C and 3 °C warming worlds in India. The exceedance probability of the observed hottest summers shows a rise of more than seven and twenty-fold in the 2 °C and 3 °C warming world, respectively, compared to the present climate. The projected increases in the frequency of the hot summers and associated heatwave days will pose great societal challenges in the future in India.
Wigner distribution and Boltzmann-Shannon entropy for a diatomic molecule under polarized electric field interaction
Authors: López Gustavo V , Mercado Alejandro P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the classical chaos appearing in a diatomic molecules BeO, CO and CN due to the interaction with a circularly polarized electric field, and its signature in Quantum Mechanics through the Wigner distribution function and the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy. We found a motion out of the center of the quantum phase space defined by Wigner function when the classical system becomes chaotic, and we found a jumping behavior of the average Boltzmann-Shannon entropy with respect the electric field strength when the classical system becomes chaotic, indicating a sudden increasing in the disorder (or sudden lost of information) in the quantum system.
scTSSR: gene expression recovery for single-cell RNA sequencing using two-side sparse self-representation
Authors: Jin Ke , Ou-Yang Le , Zhao Xing-Ming , Yan Hong , Zhang Xiao-Fei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods make it possible to reveal gene expression patterns at single-cell resolution. Due to technical defects, dropout events in scRNA-seq will add noise to the gene-cell expression matrix and hinder downstream analysis. Therefore, it is important for recovering the true gene expression levels before carrying out downstream analysis.

Results
In this article, we develop an imputation method, called scTSSR, to recover gene expression for scRNA-seq. Unlike most existing methods that impute dropout events by borrowing information across only genes or cells, scTSSR simultaneously leverages information from both similar genes and similar cells using a two-side sparse self-representation model. We demonstrate that scTSSR can effectively capture the Gini coefficients of genes and gene-to-gene correlations observed in single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA FISH). Down-sampling experiments indicate that scTSSR performs better than existing methods in recovering the true gene expression levels. We also show that scTSSR has a competitive performance in differential expression analysis, cell clustering and cell trajectory inference.

Availability and implementation
The R package is available at https://github.com/Zhangxf-ccnu/scTSSR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intraepidermal nerve fibre density as biomarker in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Hartmannsberger Beate , Doppler Kathrin , Stauber Julia , Schlotter-Weigel Beate , Young Peter , Sereda Michael W , Sommer Claudia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A, caused by a duplication of the gene peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa, is the most frequent subtype of hereditary peripheral neuropathy with an estimated prevalence of 1:5000. Patients suffer from sensory deficits, muscle weakness and foot deformities. There is no treatment approved for this disease. Outcome measures in clinical trials were based mainly on clinical features but did not evaluate the actual nerve damage. In our case–control study, we aimed to provide objective and reproducible outcome measures for future clinical trials. We collected skin samples from 48 patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A, 7 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 16 patients with small fibre neuropathy and 45 healthy controls. To analyse skin innervation, 40-µm cryosections of glabrous skin taken from the lateral index finger were double-labelled by immunofluorescence. The disease severity of patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A was assessed by the Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy version 2 score, which ranged from 3 (mild) to 27 (severe) and correlated with age (P &lt; 0.01, R = 0.4). Intraepidermal nerve fibre density was reduced in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A compared with the healthy control group (P &lt; 0.01) and negatively correlated with disease severity (P &lt; 0.05, R = −0.293). Meissner corpuscle (MC) density correlated negatively with age in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A (P &lt; 0.01, R = −0.45) but not in healthy controls (P = 0.07, R = 0.28). The density of Merkel cells was reduced in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A compared with healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A, the fraction of denervated Merkel cells was highly increased and correlated with age (P &lt; 0.05, R = 0.37). Analysis of nodes of Ranvier revealed shortened paranodes and a reduced fraction of long nodes in patients compared with healthy controls (both P &lt; 0.001). Langerhans cell density was increased in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, but not different in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A compared with healthy controls. Our data suggest that intraepidermal nerve fibre density might be used as an outcome measure in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A disease, as it correlates with disease severity. The densities of Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cells might be an additional tool for the evaluation of the disease progression. Analysis of follow-up biopsies will clarify the effects of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A disease progression on cutaneous innervation.
Infection-associated Immune Perturbations Resolve 1 Year Following Treatment forLoa loa
Authors: Herrick Jesica A , Makiya Michelle A , Holland-Thomas Nicole , Klion Amy D , Nutman Thomas B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that eosinophil-associated processes underlie some of the differences in clinical presentation among patients with Loa loa infection prior to therapy and that some posttreatment adverse events appear to be dependent on eosinophil activation.MethodsWe first conducted a retrospective review of 204 patients (70 microfilaria [MF] positive/134 negative) with Loa loa both before and following definitive therapy. We then measured filarial-specific antibodies, eosinophil- and Th2-associated cytokines, and eosinophil granule proteins in their banked serum prior to and at 1 year following definitive treatment. We also evaluated the influence of pretreatment corticosteroids and/or apheresis in altering the efficacy of treatment.ResultsPatients without circulating microfilariae (MF negative) not only had a higher likelihood of peripheral eosinophilia and increased antifilarial antibody levels but also had significantly increased concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor, interleukin (IL) 5, and IL-4 compared with MF-positive patients. However, these differences had all resolved by 1 year after treatment, when all parameters approached the levels seen in uninfected individuals. Neither pretreatment with corticosteroids nor apheresis reduced the efficacy of the diethylcarbamazine used to treat these subjects.ConclusionsOur results highlight that, by 1 year following treatment, infection-associated immunologic abnormalities had resolved in nearly all patients treated for loiasis, and pretreatment corticosteroids had no influence on the resolution of the immunologic perturbations nor on the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine as a curative agent in loiasis.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT00001230.
Analytical Performance Specifications for Lipoprotein(a), Apolipoprotein B-100, and Apolipoprotein A-I Using the Biological Variation Model in the EuBIVAS Population
Authors: Clouet-Foraison Noemie , Marcovina Santica M , Guerra Elena , Aarsand Aasne K , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Sandberg Sverre , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Carobene Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
With increased interest in lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentration as a target for risk reduction and growing clinical evidence of its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, rigorous analytical performance specifications (APS) and accuracy targets for Lp(a) are required. We investigated the biological variation (BV) of Lp(a), and 2 other major biomarkers of CVD, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB), in the European Biological Variation Study population.

Method
Serum samples were drawn from 91 healthy individuals for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European laboratories and analyzed in duplicate on a Roche Cobas 8000 c702. Outlier, homogeneity, and trend analysis were performed, followed by CV-ANOVA to determine BV estimates and their 95% CIs. These estimates were used to calculate APS and reference change values. For Lp(a), BV estimates were determined on normalized concentration quintiles.

Results
Within-subject BV estimates were significantly different between sexes for Lp(a) and between women aged &lt;50 and &gt;50 years for apoA-I and apoB. Lp(a) APS was constant across concentration quintiles and, overall, lower than APS based on currently published data, whereas results were similar for apoA-I and apoB.

Conclusion
Using a fully Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC)–compliant protocol, our study data confirm BV estimates of Lp(a) listed in the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine database and reinforce concerns expressed in recent articles regarding the suitability of older APS recommendations for Lp(a) measurements. Given the heterogeneity of Lp(a), more BIVAC-compliant studies on large numbers of individuals of different ethnic groups would be desirable.
Who Face Me? Neighbor Identification With LED Camera Communication
Authors: Zhang Jianhui , Zhang Tianhao , Jiang Feilong , Zhao Bei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neighbor discovery is a fundamental task to support many other services in wireless multihop networks (WMN). Most existing related methods in WMN rely heavily on the information of radio waves. To extend the way to the neighbor discovery, this paper introduces another interesting way, visual light communication, to explore its property of linear transmission. We apply light emitting diode (LED) array and camera and present a novel communication system, named LED array to camera system (LC). This paper also designs a novel protocol, named LED to camera protocol (LCP), for it. Equipped with an LC, each node in a WMN can determine the precise direction and distance of its neighbors and recognize their identities. Furthermore, this paper also develops a method to infer the topology of the whole network. We design the hardware for LC and conduct extensive experiments to implement the protocol LCP. The average latency of the neighbor discovery is measured and can be as small as 1.087 seconds. LCP can achieve centimeter-level accuracy in distance and direction to averages of 0.37 cm and 1.67 degrees in these real experiments. The relative accuracies in distance and direction measurement are 99.11% and 88.92% on average, respectively. The simulation of the topology inference is also performed to show the feasibility and accuracy with the local distance and direction information.
Sustainability, Ecology, and Agriculture in Women Farmers’ Voices: Culture-Centering Gender and Development
Authors: Dutta Mohan J , Thaker Jagadish 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The neoliberal/neocolonial transformation of agriculture in the global South is achieved through the hegemony of expert-led interventions of privatization that erase the knowledge of agricultural practices held by subaltern communities. Neocolonial development interventions serve the privatizing logics of agro-capital through the circulation of logics of profits, efficiency, and growth through both paid and state-controlled communication channels. In this backdrop, our ethnographic description of a culture-centered intervention carried out in solidarity with dalit, women farmers organized under the umbrella of sanghams (cooperatives) points toward communication sovereignty as a theoretical anchor for re-imagining the relationships among ecology, agriculture, and sustainability in resistance to capitalist agriculture. Challenging hegemonic models of participatory engagement put forth by neocolonial structures of development, the concept of communicative justice inverts listening, radically placing power in the hands of subaltern communities. Layers of inequalities from households to community spaces to market structures are disrupted through the voices of dalit women farmers and their participation in practices that materially resist capitalist agriculture. Moreover, the co-creative work of generating theory from within subaltern struggles for sovereignty in the global South dislocates the colonial nature of abs/ex-tractive theorizing in the metropole in the North, situating the work of theorizing amidst the lifeworlds of subaltern communities performing everyday transformative practices that dismantle capitalist logics.
Vedolizumab Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics With Reduced Frequency of Dosing From Every 4 Weeks to Every 8 Weeks in Patients With Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Vermeire Séverine , Lukáš Milan , Magro Fernando , Adsul Shashi , Lindner Dirk , Rosario Maria , Roth Jeannine , Danese Silvio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsVedolizumab was shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] in the GEMINI Long-Term Safety [LTS] study. The vedolizumab Extended Access Program [XAP] provides patients with continued treatment. This XAP pharmacokinetics [PK] sub-study investigated vedolizumab efficacy, safety, and PK.MethodsVedolizumab dosing frequency was reduced from every 4 weeks [Q4W] to every 8 weeks [Q8W] at XAP enrolment, and patients were followed for 56 weeks. Outcomes included: efficacy, loss of clinical benefit, and re-escalation to Q4W dosing; and vedolizumab PK, immunogenicity, and adverse events.ResultsAmong 167 enrolled patients [CD = 88, UC = 79], 80 [91%] with CD and 73 [92%] with UC completed 56 weeks; 76 [86%] and 71 [90%] with CD and UC, respectively, remained on Q8W dosing for 56 weeks. Clinical remission, corticosteroid-free clinical remission, and C-reactive protein levels were stable among patients remaining on Q8W through Week 56. Four patients with CD and two with UC resumed Q4W dosing [three with CD regained clinical response]. Patients with CD who completed Week 56 on Q8W dosing had median trough vedolizumab concentrations of 43.6 µg/mL at enrolment and 10.4 µg/mL at Week 56; concentrations were 42.4 µg/mL and 13.3 µg/mL, respectively, in patients with UC. Treatment-related adverse events were infrequent; no new or serious adverse events related to vedolizumab were reported.ConclusionsIn the XAP-PK sub-study, adherence to Q8W dosing was high, with no loss of efficacy; very few patients required re-escalation to Q4W. There were no new safety signals.
Constrictive pericarditis masquerading as hepatic sequestration crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease: a case report
Authors: Zathar Zafraan , James Sunil , Pressler Nickki , Ho Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstrictive pericarditis is a challenging diagnosis that is easily overlooked. Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause; however, in the developed countries pericarditis and cardiac surgery are common aetiologies. Medical therapy can be sufficient in specific aetiologies preventing progression of constriction and thus surgery.Case summaryA young student from Nigeria, with established sickle cell disease, presented with hepatomegaly and features of right heart failure. Following multiple investigations for hepatomegaly and pyrexia of unknown origin he was initially treated for hepatic sequestration crisis. After readmission with ongoing pyrexia, he was noted to have features of constrictive physiology on cardiac imaging. Constrictive pericarditis, secondary to TB, was suspected based on the patient’s background and clinical features. He was empirically commenced on anti-TB therapy after a positive interferon-gamma release assay test; Mycobacterium tuberculosis was later isolated in sputum cultures. He made a successful recovery with full radiological resolution of constrictive features on follow-up cardiac imaging.DiscussionConstrictive pericarditis remains an elusive diagnosis in the context of coexisting medical problems. Revisiting the presentation and imaging helped in establishing the diagnosis. It is a potentially curable cause of diastolic heart failure with good outcomes if diagnosed and managed early. We were able to successfully manage the patient for TB constrictive pericarditis on medical therapy alone without surgical intervention.
G.N. Clark and the Oxford School of Modern History, 1919–1922: Hidden Origins of 1066 And All That
Authors: Rosebank Jon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
W.C. Sellar and R.J. Yeatman’s 1066 and All That is a satirical history of England, published in 1930. It has long been thought to be a parody of popular history textbooks, characteristic of a generation of post-war writers disillusioned with the tone of patriotic English exceptionalism of many books. This paper explores contemporary critiques of history textbooks in the first third of the twentieth century and finds, however, that 1066 And All That is unusual in its implied criticism. It suggests that the standpoint of its authors reflects more than simply the recoil of their generation of ex-servicemen. It proposes that the book reflects their own particular experience of reading history at Oxford in 1919–22, at a time when teaching in the Modern History School still included much that was literary and whiggish. G.N. Clark had been their tutor, a historian close to C.H. Firth, Regius Professor of Modern History, and sympathetic to Firth’s long and controversial campaign for reform. While Clark’s later reputation was as a cautious scholar, as a young man he was a witty iconoclast, active in left-wing politics. We trace his influence on Sellar and Yeatman through the lectures they attended, and discover that 1066 And All That bears clear references to Clark’s reformist views on history at Oxford.