bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light microscopy of Pakistani Berberis leaf cuticles and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Saeed‐ur Rahman , Khan Shujaul Mulk , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Khan Raees , Khalid Muhammad , Nan Hui , Jan Farooq , Kayani Sadaf‐Ilyas , Hussain Sajad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTaxonomy of the genus Berberis is quite complex, due to overlapping morphological characters, making it very difficult to differentiate the species within the genus. In order to resolve this taxonomic complexity, the foliar anatomy of 10 Berberis L. species was carried out, for the first time from Pakistan, using light microscopy (LM). Significant variation in terms of epidermal cells shape, size, cell wall pattern, and stomata type was observed. B. baluchistanica has the largest epidermal cells, Adaxial: length = 45–(53.9 ± 3.6)–62.5 μm; and width = 22.5–(26.3 ± 1.3)–30 μm; Abaxial: length = 37.5–(43.25 ± 2.5)–50 μm; and width = 20–(22.6 ± 0.8)–25. The highest number of stomata was observed in B. glaucocarpa as 62 on the abaxial surface while the lowest number of stomata was recorded in B. baluchistanica as 8 on the adaxial surface. Of 10 investigated species, 6 possess anomocytic type stomata, while 2 species that is, B. aitchisonii and B. parkeriana have both anomocytic and anisocytic stomata while B. baluchistanica and B. calliobotrys have only paracytic type stomata. The highest number of cells per unit area was present on the adaxial surface of B. calliobotrys ranging from 245–(252.4)–260 followed by B. parkeriana with 209–(227.8)–250 on the abaxial surface. Stomatal index (SI) also varied considerably and was the lowest (2.6) percentage in B. baluchistanica and highest (31.9) percentage in B. kunawurensis. A taxonomic key based on micro‐morphological characters is provided for species identification.
Current practice in mammographic imaging of the augmented breast in Australia
Authors: O'Keefe Jacquelyn R , Wilkinson Jenny Maree , Spuur Kelly Maree 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study seeks to document the imaging series used in contemporary Australian practice for imaging the augmented breast, with a secondary focus on differences in practice and opinion between BreastScreen Australia and diagnostic imaging services.MethodsA SurveyMonkey link was distributed through the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (ASMIRT) and was assessable during December 2017 and January 2018. The questionnaire investigated: years of experience, facility type and location, image acquisition systems, appointment times, patients imaged per week, technique and imaging series used, use of limited compression views, rationale for variation in imaging series and the use of ultrasound. Descriptive statistics were produced for all variables with chi‐squared tests used for comparisons between categorical variables.ResultsThe most frequently used series was the eight‐image Eklund ID technique 64% and 59% (submuscular) and 68% and 58% (subglandular) for BSA and diagnostic services, respectively. Eighteen different combinations of projections were reported with eight combinations common to both subglandular and submuscular imaging. The majority of participants attributed imaging series preferences to dose reduction and radiologist preference.ConclusionThis research has demonstrated varied approaches to the routine imaging of women with breast implants and identified the need for the establishment of dedicated evidence‐based imaging protocols to ensure that regardless of which setting a woman attends that they receive standardised imaging with minimal dose and maximum breast coverage. This is a reassurance that is not applicable to current practice.
Coronavirus infections and immune responses
Authors: Li Geng , Fan Yaohua , Lai Yanni , Han Tiantian , Li Zonghui , Zhou Peiwen , Pan Pan , Wang Wenbiao , Hu Dingwen , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Qiwei , Wu Jianguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive‐sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV‐induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment.
Reversible stochastic computing
Authors: Khanday Farooq A. , Akhtar Romisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStochastic computing is reemerging as one of the alternative technique of conventional binary computing for error tolerant, low‐power, and low resource applications. In the recent past, several works have been reported for the implementation of stochastic circuits. All these works have been carried out using irreversible gates or Boolean functions as building blocks, which will not be supported in the near future for the power efficient realizations due to Landauer principle. Therefore, it is timely to consider the reversible stochastic computing design. Till date, as per the author's best knowledge, no work has been reported on the reversible stochastic computing. Besides, no work has been reported on the study of feasibility of existing reversible gates for stochastic computing. In this paper, reversible gates have been examined for their stochastic operations in unipolar, bipolar, and inverse bipolar formats. In addition, some novel universal reversible gates are proposed, which are well suited for reversible stochastic computing using these formats. Finally, the implementation of reversible two‐input linear neuron using the proposed reversible gates has been demonstrated.
Hip joint kinematics and segment coordination variability according to pain and structural disease severity in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Hall Michelle , Fox Aaron , Bonacci Jason , Metcalf Ben R. , Pua Yong H. , Diamond Laura E. , Allison Kim , Wrigley Tim V. , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate hip joint kinematic variability and segment coordination variability during walking according to pain and radiographic disease severity in people with hip osteoarthritis. Fifty‐five participants with hip osteoarthritis had pain severity assessed during walking using an item on the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (no pain = 10; mild pain = 28; moderate pain = 17). Radiographic disease severity was graded by Kellgren and Lawrence scale (KL2 = 29; KL3 = 21; KL4 = 5). Hip kinematics variability was estimated as the curve coefficient of variation. Vector coding was used to calculate coordination variability for select joint couplings. One‐way analysis of variances with planned adjusted post hoc comparisons were used to compare hip kinematics variability and coordination variability of select segment couplings (pelvis sagittal vs thigh sagittal; pelvis frontal vs thigh frontal; pelvis transverse vs thigh transverse; thigh sagittal vs shank sagittal; thigh frontal vs shank sagittal; thigh transverse vs shank sagittal) according to pain and radiographic disease severity. No main effect of pain severity was observed for sagittal or transverse plane hip kinematic variability (P ≥ .266), and although there was a main effect for frontal plane hip kinematic variability (P = .035), there were no significant differences when comparing between levels of pain severity (P > .006). There was no main effect of radiographic disease severity on hip kinematic variability in the sagittal (P = .539) or frontal (P = .307) plane. No significant differences in coordination of variability of segment couplings were observed (all P ≥ .229). Movement variability as assessed in this study did not differ according to pain severity during walking or radiographic disease severity.
Searching practices and inclusion of unpublished studies in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Korevaar Daniël A. , Salameh Jean‐Paul , Vali Yasaman , Cohen Jérémie F. , McInnes Matthew D. F. , Spijker René , Bossuyt Patrick M. 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionMany diagnostic accuracy studies are never reported in full in a peer‐reviewed journal. Searching for unpublished studies may avoid bias due to selective publication, enrich the power of systematic reviews, and thereby help to reduce research waste. We assessed searching practices among recent systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy.MethodsWe extracted data from 100 non‐Cochrane systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy indexed in MEDLINE and published between October 2017 and January 2018 and from all 100 Cochrane systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy published by December 2018, irrespective of whether meta‐analysis had been performed.ResultsNon‐Cochrane and Cochrane reviews searched a median of 4 (IQR 3‐5) and 6 (IQR 5‐9) databases, respectively; most often MEDLINE/PubMed (n = 100 and n = 100) and EMBASE (n = 81 and n = 100). Additional efforts to identify studies beyond searching bibliographic databases were performed in 76 and 98 reviews, most often through screening reference lists (n = 71 and n = 96), review/guideline articles (n = 18 and n = 52), or citing articles (n = 3 and n = 42). Specific sources of unpublished studies were searched in 22 and 68 reviews, for example, conference proceedings (n = 4 and n = 18), databases only containing conference abstracts (n = 2 and n = 33), or trial registries (n = 12 and n = 39). At least one unpublished study was included in 17 and 23 reviews. Overall, 39 of 2082 studies (1.9%) included in non‐Cochrane reviews were unpublished, and 64 of 2780 studies (2.3%) in Cochrane reviews, most often conference abstracts (97/103).ConclusionSearching practices vary considerably across systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy. Unpublished studies are a minimal fraction of the evidence included in recent reviews.
Advancing patient age is associated with worse outcomes in low‐ and intermediate‐grade primary chondrosarcoma of the pelvis
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Witten Brent G. , Hevesi Mario , Griffin Anthony M. , Salduz Ahmet , Wenger Doris E. , Sim Franklin H. , Ferguson Peter C. , Rose Peter S. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional primary pelvic chondrosarcoma often presents as a low‐ or intermediate‐grade tumor in older patients. Although this is the most common variant of pelvic chondrosarcoma, studies examining treatment outcomes are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with these tumors to determine their outcomes of treatment.MethodsSeventy‐three patients (grade I [n = 19, 26%] and grade II [n = 54, 74%]) were reviewed including 55 (75%) males and 18 (25%) females, with a mean age of 51 (range, 17‐81) years and follow‐up of 9 ± 5 years.ResultsThe 10‐year disease‐specific survival was 71%. Grade II disease (hazard ratio [HR], 6.74; P = .04) and age ≥50 years (HR, 3.97; P = .02) was associated with death due to disease. The 10‐year local recurrence‐ and metastatic‐free survival were 79% and 72%. Of the patients with a local recurrence (n = 11), 7 (64%) recurred at a higher histological grade. Patient age ≥50 years was associated with local recurrence (HR, 10.03; P = .02) and metastatic disease (HR, 4.20; P = .02).ConclusionAdvancing patient age was an independent risk factor for worse survival and disease recurrence. Tumors often recurred locally at a higher grade and as such wide local excision remains the treatment of choice for these tumors.
Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus
Authors: Lei Yating , Wang Yuanqing , Sun Zhicheng , Lin Meiyu , Cai Xiong , Huang Dan , Luo Kun , Tan Shihan , Zhang Ye , Yan Jianye , Xia Xinhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop a strategy involving quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint qualitative analysis for performing the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. The content of 12 components (eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, meranzin, poncirin, naringenin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and auraptene) in samples was determined using reliable relative correction factors that were obtained using naringin as an internal reference standard. The new method demonstrated good applicability, and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Qualitative evaluation of samples was conducted using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and quality fluctuation analysis. Chromatographic fingerprint data were divided into three groups by similarity and hierarchical cluster analyses, and seven components may have a more significant impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus in quality fluctuation analysis. Overall, the study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control and providing technical support for the further pharmacological and pharmaceutical research of Aurantii Fructus.
Are we approaching a post‐monolithic era?
Authors: Urban Jiří 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThirty years after their introduction, monolithic stationary phases are an important member of chromatographic phases. When compared to conventional particulate materials, the continuous internal structure of both inorganic silica and organic polymer monoliths allows some hydrodynamic and analytical possibilities that are not provided by conventional particulate stationary phases. Polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases offer simple preparation and straightforward surface modification, which makes them very versatile materials that are applicable, for example, as chromatographic stationary phases, sample enrichment units, enzymatic reactors, and external trigger‐responding materials. On the other hand, current polymer monoliths cannot compete with efficiency provided by superficially porous and sub 2 µm particles. In this highlight article, I take advantage of the 30th anniversary of their introduction to discuss several concerns related to polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases. Particularly, I focus on preparation repeatability, porous properties, swelling of the polymers in organic solvents, column efficiency for small molecules, and heterogeneity of dominant flow‐through pores. In the end, I offer three possible approaches on how to overcome drawbacks related to stationary phases heterogeneity to further increase the applicability of polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases.
Effect of time relaxations on the carrier heating of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Flayyih Ahmed H. , Mohammed Firas S. , Al‐Khursan Amin H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarrier temperature in InAs quantum dot (QD) optical amplifiers has been formalized theoretically by using the double‐excited states system. High current injection gives high carrier temperature and a punch in the curve appears at low current due to the ground state carrier contribution. Increasing carrier‐heating time increased carrier temperature. It is shown the slow relaxation for both the wetting layer to QD and the interdot relaxations are given high carrier temperature. Pulses with wide full width at half‐maximum give high carrier temperature since its recovery time is increased. Free carrier absorption gives a main contribution to the heat in the QD structure.
Dual‐polarized filtering antenna with harmonic suppression for base station applications
Authors: Chang Yu‐Lin , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA dual‐polarized filtering antenna (DPFA) with high‐order harmonics suppression for 690‐960 MHz based station applications is proposed in this letter. The proposed DPFA is obtained by integrating a miniaturized lowpass filter with a ±45° dual‐polarized antenna (DPA) which made by two crossed dipoles. With the miniaturized lowpass filter, harmonic suppression is easily achieved by the proposed DPFA without increase its size. The experimental results which agree with the computer simulations show that wide impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −15 dB) of 43.2% (690‐1070 MHz) and harmonic suppression frequency up to 4.5 GHz are realized. In the operating frequency band (690‐960 MHz), port‐to‐port isolation of more than 35 dB, cross‐polarization discrimination of more than 27 dB, 3‐dB beamwidth of 68.8° ± 2.1°, efficiency of more than 82%, and stable gain of 8.2 ± 0.5 dBi are obtained by the proposed DPFA. In addition, radiation suppression of more than 18 dB in the interference bands (1690‐2690 MHz and 3300‐3800 MHz) is obtained.
An efficient analytical model for microstrip spurline band‐stop filter design
Authors: Agarwal Shobit , Sharma Ashwani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient analytical model to design wideband microstrip spurline band‐stop filter (BSF) is proposed. The geometrical parameters of the BSFs are optimized using simulation for the entire range of the desired operating frequency (1‐5 GHz) and the results indicated relatively inferior performance of the filters designed using conventional analytical model. Whereas, in the proposed model, a mathematical function is found by curve fitting of the optimal data set of geometrical parameters optimized by simulation. Therefore, the filters designed using the proposed model achieve almost optimal performance in terms of rejection ratio, bandwidth, and so on, and a better match between desired and actual operating frequency as compared with the conventional design model. To corroborate the claims, the filter prototypes designed using the proposed and conventional models are fabricated and tested. The measured results showed agreement with the simulation results and proved effectiveness of the proposed analytical model to design spurline BSF. The error limit for the proposed model is found within ±0.005% of the optimal design.
A microstrip bandpass filter with 2 independently tunable transmission zeros
Authors: Cheng Fei , Li Xuan‐Tan , Lu Ping , Huang Kama 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis letter presents a new design method for a tunable bandpass filter with independently and widely tunable transmission zeros (TZs). Varactor‐loaded microstrip resonators are introduced to a fixed bandpass filter to realize the continuously tunable TZs. Although the tunable resonators have unloaded Q lower than 100, the insertion loss of the filter is not increased. The coupling matrix with the lossy resonators is synthesized and used to analyze the characteristic of the TZ‐tunable filter. A bandpass filter centered at 2 GHz with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 230 MHz is designed to validate the design concept. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results. The fabricated filter has 2 TZs ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 GHz and from 2.28 to 3.08 GHz, respectively. The TZ‐tunable filter exhibits insertion losses ranging from 1.62 dB to 1.93 dB at the center frequency. The center frequency and bandwidth keep nearly unchanged when the TZs are tuned.
Physical imaging phantoms for simulation of tumor heterogeneity in PET, CT, and MRI: An overview of existing designs
Authors: Valladares Alejandra , Beyer Thomas , Rausch Ivo 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIn oncology, lesion characterization is essential for tumor grading, treatment planning, and follow‐up of cancer patients. Hybrid imaging systems, such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)/CT, Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT, or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play an essential role for the noninvasive quantification of tumor characteristics. However, most of the existing approaches are challenged by intra‐ and intertumor heterogeneity. Novel quantitative imaging parameters that can be derived from textural feature analysis (as part of radiomics) are promising complements for improved characterization of tumor heterogeneity, thus, supporting clinically relevant implementations of personalized medicine concepts. Nevertheless, establishing new quantitative parameters for tumor characterization requires the use of standardized imaging objects to test the reliability of results prior to their implementation in patient studies.MethodsIn this review, we summarize existing reports on heterogeneous phantoms with a focus on simulating tumor heterogeneity. We discuss the techniques, materials, advantages, and limitations of the existing phantoms for PET, CT, and MR imaging modalities.ConclusionsFinally, we outline the future directions and requirements for the design of cross modality imaging phantoms.
Genetic Improvement of North American Atlantic Salmon and the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica at the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center
Authors: Peterson Brian C , Burr Gary S , Pietrak Michael R , Proestou Dina A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
United States marine aquaculture industries, which consist primarily of molluscan shellfish and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar were valued at US$192 million in 2016. Coldwater marine aquaculture production has great potential for expansion, and both Atlantic Salmon and eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are widely accepted as seafood by American consumers. Commercial salmon and oyster producers predominantly use stocks that are not many generations removed from wild, unselected stocks, so there is a need for continuous support to this industry through breeding programs. The National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (NCWMAC) is the only long-term program for developing genetically improved salmon and tools for the genetic improvement of eastern oysters in support of the U.S. coldwater marine aquaculture industry. The objectives of the program are to (1) expand and optimize approaches for multitrait selection in Atlantic Salmon and (2) advance genetic improvement technologies for the eastern oyster. Heritabilities for fillet color and fat, sea lice resistance, and growth of Atlantic Salmon were determined. The average gutted carcass weight for the genetically improved salmon was 5.91 kg/fish compared with 3.19 kg/fish for the control strain. The purpose of this article is to describe the current status of the NCWMAC research programs and summarize recent genetics gains.
Practices of pica among pregnant women in a tertiary healthcare facility in Ghana
Authors: Konlan Kennedy Diema , Abdulai Juliana Asibi , Konlan Kennedy Dodam , Amoah Roberta Mensima , Doat Abdul‐Razak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study assessed the practice of pica among pregnant women in the Ho Teaching Hospital.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional.MethodsSystematic sampling technique was used to recruit 286 pregnant women. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis.ResultOf the 286 pregnant women, 21.2% and 17.8% considered white clay and ice respectively as nutritious. Prevalence of pica was 47.5%, while 44.9% of pregnant women who practised pica reported they feel uncomfortable when they do not eat pica as 63.3% considered intake of pica as harmful. Among women who received education against pica practice, 49.4% have ever taken pica as 50.9% of them with education on effects of pica were currently engaged in the activity (χ2 = 1.93 p = .17).ConclusionHealth professionals, especially midwives must intensify education on effects of pica among pregnant women.