bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin and FGFR2 regulate postnatal rosette-based adrenocortical morphogenesis
Authors: Leng Sining , Pignatti Emanuele , Khetani Radhika S. , Shah Manasvi S. , Xu Simiao , Miao Ji , Taketo Makoto M. , Beuschlein Felix , Barrett Paula Q. , Carlone Diana L. , Breault David T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRosettes are widely used in epithelial morphogenesis during embryonic development and organogenesis. However, their role in postnatal development and adult tissue maintenance remains largely unknown. Here, we show zona glomerulosa cells in the adult adrenal cortex organize into rosettes through adherens junction-mediated constriction, and that rosette formation underlies the maturation of adrenal glomerular structure postnatally. Using genetic mouse models, we show loss of β-catenin results in disrupted adherens junctions, reduced rosette number, and dysmorphic glomeruli, whereas β-catenin stabilization leads to increased adherens junction abundance, more rosettes, and glomerular expansion. Furthermore, we uncover numerous known regulators of epithelial morphogenesis enriched in β-catenin-stabilized adrenals. Among these genes, we show Fgfr2 is required for adrenal rosette formation by regulating adherens junction abundance and aggregation. Together, our data provide an example of rosette-mediated postnatal tissue morphogenesis and a framework for studying the role of rosettes in adult zona glomerulosa tissue maintenance and function.
The circadian clock and darkness control natural competence in cyanobacteria
Authors: Taton Arnaud , Erikson Christian , Yang Yiling , Rubin Benjamin E. , Rifkin Scott A. , Golden James W. , Golden Susan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is a model organism for the study of circadian rhythms. It is naturally competent for transformation—that is, it takes up DNA from the environment, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we use a genome-wide screen to identify genes required for natural transformation in S. elongatus, including genes encoding a conserved Type IV pilus, genes known to be associated with competence in other bacteria, and others. Pilus biogenesis occurs daily in the morning, while natural transformation is maximal when the onset of darkness coincides with the dusk circadian peak. Thus, the competence state in cyanobacteria is regulated by the circadian clock and can adapt to seasonal changes of day length.
Transient microglial absence assists postmigratory cortical neurons in proper differentiation
Authors: Hattori Yuki , Naito Yu , Tsugawa Yoji , Nonaka Shigenori , Wake Hiroaki , Nagasawa Takashi , Kawaguchi Ayano , Miyata Takaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the developing cortex, postmigratory neurons accumulate in the cortical plate (CP) to properly differentiate consolidating subtype identities. Microglia, despite their extensive surveying activity, temporarily disappear from the midembryonic CP. However, the mechanism and significance of this absence are unknown. Here, we show that microglia bidirectionally migrate via attraction by CXCL12 released from the meninges and subventricular zone and thereby exit the midembryonic CP. Upon nonphysiological excessive exposure to microglia in vivo or in vitro, young postmigratory and in vitro-grown CP neurons showed abnormal differentiation with disturbed expression of the subtype-associated transcription factors and genes implicated in functional neuronal maturation. Notably, this effect is primarily attributed to interleukin 6 and type I interferon secreted by microglia. These results suggest that “sanctuarization” from microglia in the midembryonic CP is required for neurons to appropriately fine-tune the expression of molecules needed for proper differentiation, thus securing the establishment of functional cortical circuit.
Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Authors: Revez Joana A. , Lin Tian , Qiao Zhen , Xue Angli , Holtz Yan , Zhu Zhihong , Zeng Jian , Wang Huanwei , Sidorenko Julia , Kemper Kathryn E. , Vinkhuyzen Anna A. E. , Frater Julanne , Eyles Darryl , Burne Thomas H. J. , Mitchell Brittany , Martin Nicholas G. , Zhu Gu , Visscher Peter M. , Yang Jian , Wray Naomi R. , McGrath John J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a candidate risk factor for a range of adverse health outcomes. In a genome-wide association study of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in 417,580 Europeans we identify 143 independent loci in 112 1-Mb regions, providing insights into the physiology of vitamin D and implicating genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, dermal tissue properties, and the sulphonation and glucuronidation of 25OHD. Mendelian randomization models find no robust evidence that 25OHD concentration has causal effects on candidate phenotypes (e.g. BMI, psychiatric disorders), but many phenotypes have (direct or indirect) causal effects on 25OHD concentration, clarifying the epidemiological relationship between 25OHD status and the health outcomes examined in this study.
Quantum capacitance mediated carbon nanotube optomechanics
Authors: Blien Stefan , Steger Patrick , Hüttner Niklas , Graaf Richard , Hüttel Andreas K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCavity optomechanics allows the characterization of a vibration mode, its cooling and quantum manipulation using electromagnetic fields. Regarding nanomechanical as well as electronic properties, single wall carbon nanotubes are a prototypical experimental system. At cryogenic temperatures, as high quality factor vibrational resonators, they display strong interaction between motion and single-electron tunneling. Here, we demonstrate large optomechanical coupling of a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot and a microwave cavity, amplified by several orders of magnitude via the nonlinearity of Coulomb blockade. From an optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) experiment, we obtain a single photon coupling of up to g0 = 2π ⋅ 95 Hz. This indicates that normal mode splitting and full optomechanical control of the carbon nanotube vibration in the quantum limit is reachable in the near future. Mechanical manipulation and characterization via the microwave field can be complemented by the manifold physics of quantum-confined single electron devices.
Plasmonic ommatidia for lensless compound-eye vision
Authors: Kogos Leonard C. , Li Yunzhe , Liu Jianing , Li Yuyu , Tian Lei , Paiella Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe vision system of arthropods such as insects and crustaceans is based on the compound-eye architecture, consisting of a dense array of individual imaging elements (ommatidia) pointing along different directions. This arrangement is particularly attractive for imaging applications requiring extreme size miniaturization, wide-angle fields of view, and high sensitivity to motion. However, the implementation of cameras directly mimicking the eyes of common arthropods is complicated by their curved geometry. Here, we describe a lensless planar architecture, where each pixel of a standard image-sensor array is coated with an ensemble of metallic plasmonic nanostructures that only transmits light incident along a small geometrically-tunable distribution of angles. A set of near-infrared devices providing directional photodetection peaked at different angles is designed, fabricated, and tested. Computational imaging techniques are then employed to demonstrate the ability of these devices to reconstruct high-quality images of relatively complex objects.
Exome sequencing of familial high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma reveals heterogeneity for rare candidate susceptibility genes
Authors: Subramanian Deepak N. , Zethoven Magnus , McInerny Simone , Morgan James A. , Rowley Simone M. , Lee Jue Er Amanda , Li Na , Gorringe Kylie L. , James Paul A. , Campbell Ian G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has a significant hereditary component, approximately half of which cannot be explained by known genes. To discover genes, we analyse germline exome sequencing data from 516BRCA1/2-negative women with HGSOC, focusing on genes enriched with rare, protein-coding loss-of-function (LoF) variants. Overall, there is a significant enrichment of rare protein-coding LoF variants in the cases (p < 0.0001, chi-squared test). Only thirty-four (6.6%) have a pathogenic variant in a known or proposed predisposition gene. Few genes have LoF mutations in more than four individuals and the majority are detected in one individual only. Forty-three highly-ranked genes are identified with three or more LoF variants that are enriched by three-fold or more compared to GnomAD. These genes represent diverse functional pathways with relatively few involved in DNA repair, suggesting that much of the remaining heritability is explained by previously under-explored genes and pathways.
Artificially decreasing cortical tension generates aneuploidy in mouse oocytes
Authors: Bennabi Isma , Crozet Flora , Nikalayevich Elvira , Chaigne Agathe , Letort Gaëlle , Manil-Ségalen Marion , Campillo Clément , Cadart Clotilde , Othmani Alice , Attia Rafaele , Genovesio Auguste , Verlhac Marie-Hélène , Terret Marie-Emilie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman and mouse oocytes’ developmental potential can be predicted by their mechanical properties. Their development into blastocysts requires a specific stiffness window. In this study, we combine live-cell and computational imaging, laser ablation, and biophysical measurements to investigate how deregulation of cortex tension in the oocyte contributes to early developmental failure. We focus on extra-soft cells, the most common defect in a natural population. Using two independent tools to artificially decrease cortical tension, we show that chromosome alignment is impaired in extra-soft mouse oocytes, despite normal spindle morphogenesis and dynamics, inducing aneuploidy. The main cause is a cytoplasmic increase in myosin-II activity that could sterically hinder chromosome capture. We describe here an original mode of generation of aneuploidies that could be very common in oocytes and could contribute to the high aneuploidy rate observed during female meiosis, a leading cause of infertility and congenital disorders.
Lamella-nanostructured eutectic zinc–aluminum alloys as reversible and dendrite-free anodes for aqueous rechargeable batteries
Authors: Wang Sheng-Bo , Ran Qing , Yao Rui-Qi , Shi Hang , Wen Zi , Zhao Ming , Lang Xing-You , Jiang Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetallic zinc is an attractive anode material for aqueous rechargeable batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, state-of-the-art zinc anodes suffer from low coulombic efficiency and severe dendrite growth during stripping/plating processes, hampering their practical applications. Here we show that eutectic-composition alloying of zinc and aluminum as an effective strategy substantially tackles these irreversibility issues by making use of their lamellar structure, composed of alternating zinc and aluminum nanolamellas. The lamellar nanostructure not only promotes zinc stripping from precursor eutectic Zn88Al12 (at%) alloys, but produces core/shell aluminum/aluminum sesquioxide interlamellar nanopatterns in situ to in turn guide subsequent growth of zinc, enabling dendrite-free zinc stripping/plating for more than 2000 h in oxygen-absent aqueous electrolyte. These outstanding electrochemical properties enlist zinc-ion batteries constructed with Zn88Al12 alloy anode and KxMnO2 cathode to deliver high-density energy at high levels of electrical power and retain 100% capacity after 200 hours.
Essential dynamic interdependence of FtsZ and SepF for Z-ring and septum formation in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Sogues Adrià , Martinez Mariano , Gaday Quentin , Ben Assaya Mathilde , Graña Martin , Voegele Alexis , VanNieuwenhze Michael , England Patrick , Haouz Ahmed , Chenal Alexandre , Trépout Sylvain , Duran Rosario , Wehenkel Anne Marie , Alzari Pedro M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of Z-ring assembly and regulation in bacteria are poorly understood, particularly in non-model organisms. Actinobacteria, a large bacterial phylum that includes the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lack the canonical FtsZ-membrane anchors and Z-ring regulators described for E. coli. Here we investigate the physiological function of Corynebacterium glutamicum SepF, the only cell division-associated protein from Actinobacteria known to interact with the conserved C-terminal tail of FtsZ. We show an essential interdependence of FtsZ and SepF for formation of a functional Z-ring in C. glutamicum. The crystal structure of the SepF–FtsZ complex reveals a hydrophobic FtsZ-binding pocket, which defines the SepF homodimer as the functional unit, and suggests a reversible oligomerization interface. FtsZ filaments and lipid membranes have opposing effects on SepF polymerization, indicating that SepF has multiple roles at the cell division site, involving FtsZ bundling, Z-ring tethering and membrane reshaping activities that are needed for proper Z-ring assembly and function.
Site-selective doping of ordered charge states in magnetite
Authors: Pachoud E. , Cumby J. , Perversi G. , Wright J. P. , Attfield J. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCharge ordering creates a spontaneous array of differently charged ions and is associated with electronic phenomena such as superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistances (CMR), and multiferroicity. Charge orders are usually suppressed by chemical doping and site selective doping of a charge ordered array has not previously been demonstrated. Here we show that selective oxidation of one out of eight distinct Fe2+ sites occurs within the complex Fe2+/Fe3+ ordered structure of 2%-doped magnetite (Fe3O4), while the rest of the charge and orbitally ordered network remains intact. This ‘charge order within a charge order’ is attributed to the relative instability of the trimeron distortion surrounding the selected site. Our discovery suggests that similar complex charge ordered arrays could be used to provide surface sites for selective redox reactions, or for storing information by doping specific sites.
East Siberian Arctic inland waters emit mostly contemporary carbon
Authors: Dean Joshua F. , Meisel Ove H. , Martyn Rosco Melanie , Marchesini Luca Belelli , Garnett Mark H. , Lenderink Henk , van Logtestijn Richard , Borges Alberto V. , Bouillon Steven , Lambert Thibault , Röckmann Thomas , Maximov Trofim , Petrov Roman , Karsanaev Sergei , Aerts Rien , van Huissteden Jacobus , Vonk Jorien E. , Dolman A. Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInland waters (rivers, lakes and ponds) are important conduits for the emission of terrestrial carbon in Arctic permafrost landscapes. These emissions are driven by turnover of contemporary terrestrial carbon and additional pre-aged (Holocene and late-Pleistocene) carbon released from thawing permafrost soils, but the magnitude of these source contributions to total inland water carbon fluxes remains unknown. Here we present unique simultaneous radiocarbon age measurements of inland water CO2, CH4and dissolved and particulate organic carbon in northeast Siberia during summer. We show that >80% of total inland water carbon was contemporary in age, but pre-aged carbon contributed >50% at sites strongly affected by permafrost thaw. CO2and CH4were younger than dissolved and particulate organic carbon, suggesting emissions were primarily fuelled by contemporary carbon decomposition. Our findings reveal that inland water carbon emissions from permafrost landscapes may be more sensitive to changes in contemporary carbon turnover than the release of pre-aged carbon from thawing permafrost.
Nonreciprocal directional dichroism of a chiral magnet in the visible range
Authors: Yokosuk Michael O. , Kim Heung-Sik , Hughey Kendall D. , Kim Jaewook , Stier Andreas V. , O’Neal Kenneth R. , Yang Junjie , Crooker Scott A. , Haule Kristjan , Cheong Sang-Wook , Vanderbilt David , Musfeldt Janice L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonreciprocal directional dichroism is an unusual light–matter interaction that gives rise to diode-like behavior in low-symmetry materials. The chiral varieties are particularly scarce due to the requirements for strong spin–orbit coupling, broken time-reversal symmetry, and a chiral axis. Here we bring together magneto-optical spectroscopy and first-principles calculations to reveal high-energy, broadband nonreciprocal directional dichroism in Ni3TeO6 with special focus on behavior in the metamagnetic phase above 52 T. In addition to demonstrating this effect in the magnetochiral configuration, we explore the transverse magnetochiral orientation in which applied field and light propagation are orthogonal to the chiral axis and, by so doing, uncover an additional configuration with a unique nonreciprocal response in the visible part of the spectrum. In a significant conceptual advance, we use first-principles methods to analyze how the Ni2+d-to-d on-site excitations develop magneto-electric character and present a microscopic model that unlocks the door to theory-driven discovery of chiral magnets with nonreciprocal properties.
A synthetic energy dataset for non-intrusive load monitoring in households
Authors: Klemenjak Christoph , Kovatsch Christoph , Herold Manuel , Elmenreich Wilfried 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch on smart grid technologies is expected to result in effective climate change mitigation. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is seen as a key technique for enabling innovative smart-grid services. By breaking down the energy consumption of households and industrial facilities into its components, NILM techniques provide information on present appliances and can be applied to perform diagnostics. As with related Machine Learning problems, research and development requires a sufficient amount of data to train and validate new approaches. As a viable alternative to collecting datasets in buildings during expensive and time-consuming measurement campaigns, the idea of generating synthetic datasets for NILM gain momentum recently. With SynD, we present a synthetic energy dataset with focus on residential buildings. We release 180 days of synthetic power data on aggregate level (i.e. mains) and individual appliances. SynD is the result of a custom simulation process that relies on power traces of real household appliances. In addition, we present several case studies that demonstrate similarity of our dataset and four real-world energy datasets.
Amplicon sequencing analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities colonizing maize roots in different cover cropping and tillage systems
Authors: Higo Masao , Tatewaki Yuya , Iida Karen , Yokota Kana , Isobe Katsunori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur understanding regarding the influence of intensive agricultural practices, including cover cropping and tillage, on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking. This would prove to be an obstacle in the improvement of current maize (Zea mays L.) production. Therefore, using amplicon sequencing, we aimed to clarify how AMF communities and their diversity in maize roots vary under different cover cropping systems and two types of tillage (rotary and no tillage). Two kinds of cover crops (hairy vetch and brown mustard) and fallow treatments were established with rotary or no tillage in rotation with maize crops. Tillage and no tillage yielded a set of relatively common AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the maize crops, representing 78.3% of the total OTUs. The percentage of maize crop OTUs that were specific to only tillage and no tillage were 9.6% and 12.0%, respectively. We found that tillage system significantly altered the AMF communities in maize roots. However, the AMF communities of maize crops among cover cropping treatments did not vary considerably. Our findings indicate that compared with cover cropping, tillage may shape AMF communities in maize more strongly.
Anemia and its associated factors among Adolescents in Kuwait
Authors: Shaban Lemia , Al-Taiar Abdullah , Rahman Abdur , Al-Sabah Reem , Mojiminiyi Olusegun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe estimated the prevalence of anemia among school children and investigated factors associated with this problem in Kuwait. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1415 adolescents randomly selected from middle schools in Kuwait. Hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12, in addition to many other laboratory indicators, were measured in a venous blood sample. Data on risk factors for anemia were collected from parents and adolescents. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 8.06% (95% CI: 6.69–9.60%), which was significantly higher among females compared to males (10.96% vs. 5.04%; p < 0.001). Mean (SD) Hb level was 133.7 (9.89) g/L and 130.00 (10.48) g/L among males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 5.94%, 1.91% and 0.21%, respectively. Gender, age, iron concentration and ferritin were associated with anemia in multivariable analysis. These data indicate that anemia among school children in Kuwait is of mild public health significance. Further reduction in anemia in school girls should focus on correcting iron deficiency. Surveillance systems for anemia may consider using a cut-off point that is specific for the method of blood sampling and the method of Hb measurement.
Analysis of SNP Array Abnormalities in Patients with DE NOVO Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Normal Karyotype
Authors: Ibáñez Mariam , Such Esperanza , Onecha Esther , Gómez-Seguí Inés , Liquori Alessandro , Sellés Jorge , Hervás-Marín David , Barragán Eva , Ayala Rosa , LLop Marta , López-Pavía María , Rapado Inmaculada , Neef Alex , Sanjuan-Pla Alejandra , Sargas Claudia , Gonzalez-Romero Elisa , Boluda-Navarro Mireia , Andreu Rafa , Senent Leonor , Montesinos Pau , Martínez-López Joaquín , Angel Sanz Miguel , Sanz Guillermo , Cervera José 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNearly 50% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harbor an apparently normal karyotype (NK) by conventional cytogenetic techniques showing a very heterogeneous prognosis. This could be related to the presence of cryptic cytogenetic abnormalities (CCA) not detectable by conventional methods. The study of copy number alterations (CNA) and loss of heterozygozity (LOH) in hematological malignancies is possible using a high resolution SNP-array. Recently, in clinical practice the karyotype study has been complemented with the identification of point mutations in an increasing number of genes. We analyzed 252 de novo NK-AML patients from Hospital La Fe (n = 44) and from previously reported cohorts (n = 208) to identify CCA by SNP-array, and to integrate the analysis of CCA with molecular alterations detected by Next-Generation-sequencing. CCA were detected in 58% of patients. In addition, 49% of them harbored CNA or LOH and point mutations, simultaneously. Patients were grouped in 3 sets by their abnormalities: patients carrying several CCA simultaneously, patients with mutations in FLT3, NPM1 and/or DNMT3A and patients with an amalgam of mutations. We found a negative correlation between the number of CCA and the outcome of the patients. This study outlines that CCA are present in up to 50% of NK-AML patients and have a negative impact on the outcome. CCA may contribute to the heterogeneous prognosis.