bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A receiver intensity for Super Lorentz Gaussian beam (SLG) propagation via the moderate turbulent atmosphere using a novelty mathematical model
Authors: Khamees Hussein Thary , Majeed Munaf Salih 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
First of all, the beam propagation of Super Lorentz Gaussian (SLG) profile is propagated via space, the recent research dealt extensively with the investigation of the propagation of SLG in a level of specified atmospheric. In a turbulent atmosphere of intensity and receiver field, models were derived from a new mathematical expression of intensity and analyzed. Also, to find the power scintillation indicators for the SLG beam in a random turbulence of receiver plane. The equations are obtained for the average receiver-aperture. The new beam of SLG systems generated a modified model when compared with the receiver-aperture averaging. When we revisions the parameters, firstly is started the factor source size, this affected the profile for the power propagation and the analysis proved that the average of the aperture is affected by increasing the distance of propagation length. The enhancement of the average power of the aperture effect reliably with the source size of the initial beam source depends on several factors, including the structure constant, the beam order and static value of source size. Finally, the target of this article is detected a novel of mathematical expression of the receiver intensity is applied in the system of optical communications.
On the conservation of Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) in the core of Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras
Authors: Martinez Marcio A. , Turcios-Casco Manfredo Alejandro , Amador Shasling Pacheco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve (RPBR) represents the most important region in Honduras for conservation of the biodiversity of the country. From May 2017 to January 2019, we installed 24 camera traps in the RPBR to monitor big mammals, including Myrmecophaga tridactyla. In 1512 camera-trapping hours, the giant anteater was recorded in two photos. The photos presented herein of M. tridactyla are the first records of the species in the core of the RPBR. The protection of a vulnerable species such as M. tridactyla in the RPBR could also help to protect other species (Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari, Panthera onca) that are strongly threatened by illegal activities such as hunting, unauthorized access to the core zone, increased lands used for agriculture, and unsustainable exploitation of the natural resources.
Crossed Wires in the Motor City: A Genealogy and Analysis of the 1967 Riots and the 1968 Strike Wave in Detroit
Authors: Tarr Duncan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the years 1967 and 1968 the city of Detroit was the site of two waves of rebellion. The riot of 1967 was one of the largest and most costly urban rebellions in U.S. history. And in the ashes of the ‘67 insurrection a wave of strikes began shutting down the sprawling factories of the auto industry. These strikes were organized by militant Black workers who later founded the League of Revolutionary Black Workers, an organization that characterized itself as the “ideological inheritor” of the riot. This article situates the League within the global moment of 1968, discusses the relationship of work stoppages to circulation struggles, and examines how the participants’ experience in riots, both on the streets of Detroit and in the prisons around the state, informed the praxis and politics of the League.
Reaction of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate with elemental sulfur
Authors: Tarasova Natalia , Krivoborodov Efrem , Egorova Anna , Zanin Alexey , Glukhov Lev , Toropygin Ilya , Mezhuev Yaroslav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By the methods of MALDI and mass spectroscopy with the detection of positively and negatively charged ions, it was found that the reaction of elemental sulfur and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate is accompanied by the opening of the S8 ring. 1H, 13C, 15N and 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that the interaction of S8 and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate proceeds exclusively on the oxygen atom of the dimethylphosphate anion carrying a negative charge. Kohn-Sham calculations at B3LYP/STO-3G, B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311G* levels of theory confirmed that the reaction of S8 with dimethylphosphate anion is possible.
Die
Editio Critica Maior
des griechischen Neuen Testaments – Editionsprinzipien, Editionstechnik und Digital Humanities
Authors: Strutwolf Holger 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
After a brief introduction to the prehistory of the Editio Critica Maior of the Institute for New Testament Textual Research in Münster, the edition itself is presented. First, the path from the collection of material to the creation of the critical apparatus of the edition is traced. Then the presentation of material in the printed Editio Critica Maior is introduced and it is shown how to use it. Since the New Testament tradition is characterized by contamination, which makes the application of the classical “Lachmannian” stemmatology impossible, a new method had to be developed for the penetration of the New Testament manuscript tradition, the so-called Coherence-Based Genealogical Method (CBGM), which is explained as short and simple as possible.
Finally, the study introduces the digital Editio Critica Maior and its use and gives an outlook to the future of the Editio Critica Maior as an interactive digital edition of the Greek New Testament.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa pada Materi Geometri Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fauzi Irfan , Arisetyawan Andika 
Published: July 2020

Geometri adalah cabang matematika yang diajarkan dengan tujuan agar siswa dapat memahami sifat-sifat dan hubungan antar unsur geometri serta dapat mendorong siswa untuk dapat berpikir secara kritis dan memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesulitan siswa kelas 4 SD Negeri Asmi 033 Kota Bandung dalam menjawab soal geometri. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksploratif dalam bentuk tes uraian tertulis pada materi geometri yang diberikan kepada 26 siswa SD Negeri Asmi 033 Kota Bandung. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa dalam menjawab soal geometri, kesulitan tersebut diantaranya adalah (1) siswa kesulitan dalam penggunaan konsep, (2) siswa kesulitan dalam penggunaan prinsip, dan (3) siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah verbal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pengembangan permasalahan geometri, khususnya pada materi keliling dan luas bangun datar di masa yang akan datang.Geometry is a branch of mathematics taught with the aim that students can understand the properties and relationships between elements of geometry and can encourage students to be able to think critically and solve problems in everyday life. This study aims to analyze the difficulties of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Asmi 033 Bandung City in answering geometry question. This study used an exploratory study in the form of a written description test on the geometry material given to 26 students of SD Negeri Asmi 033 Bandung City. The results of the analysis show that there were difficulties faced by students in answering geometry questions, such difficulties were (1) students difficulty in using concepts, (2) students difficulty in using principles, and (3) students difficuly in solving verbal problems. The result of this study can be used as material for the development of geometry problems, especially in the material of circumference and area of plane (geometry) in the future.
Un sport anglais importé de France
Authors: Popa Bodgan 
Published: July 2020

Cette contribution analyse l’émergence du rugby en Roumanie comme une discipline de l’élite, circonscrite à Bucarest. Nous argumentons que, alors que ce caractère élitiste vient des origines sociales des joueurs, l’échec à populariser ce sport au-delà des frontières de la capitale renvoie à un problème structurel. Cependant, la particularité la plus intéressante concernant le rugby roumain est son origine française, ce qui fut également et publiquement mis en avant durant la période communiste. Ces deux particularités (ascendance française et statut élitiste) furent excellemment visibles lors la participation de la Roumanie à deux tournois internationaux majeurs qui se tinrent à Paris au lendemain de la Première guerre mondiale, les Jeux interalliés de 1919 (Pershing Games) et les Jeux olympiques de 1924.
Traduit de l'allemand par Joris Lehnert.
Sport und Gesellschaft
Authors: Bremer Thomas , Winkler Daniel 
Published: July 2020

apropos weist gern darauf hin: In ZIBALDONE Zeitschrift für italienische Kultur der Gegenwart erscheint im Juli 2019 ein ebenfalls interessantes und thematisch verwandtes Dossier (Sport und Gesellschaft). Das PDF bietet mit dem Inhaltsverzeichnis sowie dem Vorwort der Herausgeber (Thomas Bremer und Daniel Winkler) ein Vorgeschmack auf diese Nummer.
ZIBALDONE ist ein Forum für kritische Debatten mit Streifzügen ins Kulinarische, Historische und Künstlerische. Eine Zeitschrift, die Heft für Heft überraschende Perspektiven wagt. Geschrieben von Schriftstellern, Journalisten, Wissenschaftlern, fotografiert, gezeichnet und illustriert für alle, die nie genug haben können von ITALIEN. Hier geht es zur Internetseite der Zeitschrift.
Effect of colchicine and oryzalin treatment on polyploid induction and morphogenesis of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume cultured in vitro
Authors: Quoc Luan Vu , Thuy Tam Do Thi , Phuc Huy Nguyen , Thanh Tung Hoang , Hien Vu Thi , Manh Cuong Do , The Vinh Bui Van , Tan Nhut Duong 
Published: July 2020

Jewel orchid (Anoectochilus setaceus Blume) is one of the important medicinal plants used for many common diseases treatment such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart, liver and lung diseases, as well as improving the health in general. Polyploid induction using colchicine and oryzalin has been widely performed in various types of crops and could be considered a valuable tool for plant breeding. In the present study, in vitro young shoots of A. setaceus Blume (1 cm in height) were treated with different concentrations of colchicine (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µM) and oryzalin (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM) at different durations (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h). The results showed that shoots with length of treatment from 24 to 48 h and the concentrations from 2 to 10 µM of colchicine and from 40 to 100 µM of oryzalin appeared morphological differences (10.00% - 16.00%) but the tendency to return to normal of these shoots after several times of sub-culture was observed. Stomatal length had a close correlation with the level of ploidy. Diploid plantlets (2n = 2x) had the average stomatal length of 33.50 µm when observed under an optical microscope at 100x magnification and corresponding to the peak at 70 FL in flow cytometric DNA histogram. In all identified polyploid plantlets, the stomatal lengths were greater than 40.12 µm. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis indicated that plantlets with stomatal lengths ranged from 40.12 to 50.00 µm were diploid-tetraploid mosaicisms represented by two separate peaks at 70 FL and 90 FL. Finally, samples treated with 4, 6, and 8 µM colchicine with treatment time of 48 h, and 60 µM oryzalin with treatment time of 24 h that had stomatal lengths ranged from 52.03 to 71.25 µm were determined to be tetraploid (2n = 4x) represented by a peak at 120 FL position.
NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF CHIA SEEDS AND THEIR SANITARY SAFETY
Authors: Valevskaya L. , Iegorova A. , Ovsiannykova L. , Sokolovskaya O. , Marchenkov F. , Shulyanska A. 
Published: July 2020

Currently, there are more and more requirements not only to the quality of food, but also to the raw materials it is made from. This leads to the search for new, non-traditional products. One of these is chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). The article provides data on their useful properties. The high demand for chia seeds is due to their unique chemical composition. The main feature of the seeds of this crop is that they contain many chemical substances of high calorific and biological value, as compared with cereals and oilseeds traditionally grown in Ukraine. In chia seeds, there are 30–35% of fat, 25–41% of carbohydrates, and 20–22% of protein. Chia seeds are a valuable source of vitamin B, calcium, potassium, iron, zinc, and copper. The fatty acid composition of this crop indicates a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 63.3% of them is linolenic fatty acid, which belongs to ω-3 acids and is important for the brain function, growth, and development of a living organism. That is why it is so important to find optimal ways of preparing freshly harvested chia seeds so as to extend their shelf life. These ways must take into account the biological and chemical characteristics of this crop, and make it possible to preserve its consumer properties for further targeted processing. The article presents the results of studying the quality indicators and microbiological condition of chia seeds to establish how long they can be safely stored and to assess the sanitary safety of this crop. It has been shown that within the period of 6 months, the greatest changes in the quality of chia seed oil are observed at 25°C: there is a significant increase in the acid and peroxide values and a decrease in the iodine value (the latter indicates spoilage of chia seeds). Lowering the air temperature to 5°C slows down the enzymatic processes that take place in chia seeds, and inhibits the increase of the acid and peroxide values of fat, which ensures retention of the consumer properties of seeds. It has been established that the seeds of the crop under study can be stored, without any loss of their quality, for 6 months at 5–15°C and the relative humidity 60–70%. All the beneficial properties of chia seeds are due to their unique composition, so they are supposed to be widely used for specialised and functional nutrition
FEATURES OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CORN GRITS AT THE DIFFERENT DEGERMINATOR MODES IN THE DENT CORN PROCESSING
Authors: Rybchynskyi R. , Sots S. , Kustov I. 
Published: July 2020

This article is devoted to the study of transforming the chemical composition of corn grits at the different operation modes of degerminator in the dent corn processing. The experiment was conducted in industrial conditions on Skvyrskyi grain processing factory Ltd. during the processing of kernels using the degerminator of Bühler company. The operation modes of the degerminator were changed for 5 times during the experiment by means of the regulation of the gap between the shell and the drum. The study has shown that in terms of the low operation mode of the degerminator (the passage of the sieve Ø3.0 – 34.9%) there is a high output of fine fractions of the intermediate products, but the quality level of the overtail product of the degerminator is the best by fat content 1.81% and crude fiber content 6.72%, which indicates a minimal germ and bran content. In case of the increase of the gap (the passage of the sieve Ø3.0 – 12.4%), the output of fine fractions of the intermediate products, as well as the output of feed germ meal, declines, at the same time the overtail product has the high number of remnants of the germ and bran after the degerminator, as the fat content increases to 2.80% and crude fiber content increases to 9.82%. It was also found that the change of degerminator modes (increase in the passage of the sieve Ø 3.0 from 34.9 to 12.4%) leads to a decrease in the starch content from 79.36 to 75.43%, the protein content does not change. In order to provide the high quality of corn groats products, it is advisable to control the quality of the overtail products of the degerminator by the fat content. The fat content in the overtail product must not be higher than 2.2% – during the production of long shelf life products, and not higher than 2.5% – during the production of common corn products. For prompt regulation of the degerminator operation modes, it was offered to use release indicator, which can be determined by means of sieving of the 100 g of the overtail products using the Ø 3.0 sieve. In order to provide the fat content in groats within 0.6–0.8% and 0.8–1.0%, the general extraction of the fine products (release indicator) with the Ø 3.0 sieve use in the dent corn processing should vary within the range of 27–32% and 22–27%, respectively.
The FDA Metformin Label Change and Racial and Sex Disparities in Metformin Prescription among Patients with CKD
Authors: Shin Jung-Im , Sang Yingying , Chang Alex R. , Dunning Stephan C. , Coresh Josef , Inker Lesley A. , Selvin Elizabeth , Ballew Shoshana H. , Grams Morgan E. 
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement
Because race and sex affect serum creatinine levels independently of GFR, the Food and Drug Administration’s previous creatinine-based metformin contraindication may have inadvertently caused racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription among patients with diabetes and moderate kidney dysfunction. It is unknown whether these disparities were mitigated after a 2016 labeling change to an eGFR-based contraindication. The authors found that before the labeling change, among patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2, Black patients and men were underprescribed metformin for diabetes compared with White patients and women, respectively. Racial and sex disparities were attenuated in patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 after the label change. These results suggest that drug dosing recommendations solely on the basis of serum creatinine may cause racial and sex disparities in its use.

Background
In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed labeling regarding metformin contraindications in patients with diabetes and CKD from using serum creatinine–based thresholds to using eGFR-based thresholds. Because race and sex affect serum creatinine levels independently of GFR, the earlier creatinine-based contraindication may have inadvertently caused racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription among patients with low eGFR.

Methods
In an analysis of 15,946 Black and White primary care patients with diabetes and eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in a large health system (the primary cohort), we assessed the association of race and sex with metformin prescription across eGFR level before and after the FDA label change. For a replication cohort, we meta-analyzed data from 36 cohorts with 1,051,723 patients from OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

Results
In the primary cohort, before the label change, Black patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were prescribed metformin less often than White counterparts (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.52 to 0.82); this disparity was significantly attenuated after the label change (aPR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.09; P value for interaction by period =0.04). Results were consistent in the replication cohorts. Men with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 received metformin prescriptions less often than women counterparts before the label change; this was nonsignificantly attenuated after the label change, but we found significant attenuation in the replication cohorts (aPRpre-label change, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.79; aPRpost-label change, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.88; P value for interaction by period <0.001).

Conclusions
The metformin label change to an eGFR-based contraindication may have reduced racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription in moderate kidney dysfunction.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS USOS E MANEJOS DO SOLO NOS ESTOQUES DE CARBONO DO SOLO NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Vieira Aline Da Silva , Santos Weverton Peroni , Machado Caio Bastos , Siqueira Marcos Gomes de , Pereira Elaine Cosma Fiorelli 
Published: July 2020

A Brachiaria brizantha cv MG-5 possui um grande rendimento produtivo e apresenta alta exigência nutritiva, e o suprimento de fósforo garante grandes atribuições na etapa inicial do desenvolvimento e manutenção desta gramínea. O objetivo foi avaliar a resposta da Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-5 em função da aplicação de diferentes doses de P2O5 aplicados na forma de superfosfato triplo no momento do plantio, para a avaliação de matéria seca de folhas e colmos, altura de planta, número de perfilho e diâmetro do colmo, cultivadas em vasos de polietileno em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental da Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia – Unir, no município de Rolim de Moura, RO. O delineamento amostral utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos sendo eles as dosagens de 0, 100, 200, 400 e 800 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 5 repetições totalizando 25 baldes. Houve diferenças significativas com o aumento das doses de P2O5, as doses de 604 e 606 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 proporcionaram maior número de perfilho, a altura de plantas atingiu o ponto máximo com as doses de 507 e 541 kg.ha-1 de P2O5. Para o diâmetro do colmo aos 60 DAS não apresentou influência significativa em relação às dosagens. Na produção de matéria seca também apresentaram respostas significativas, porém com dosagens elevadas sendo acima de 600 kg.ha-1 de P2O5. De um modo geral, conclui-se que para o manejo da Brachiaria Brizantha cv. MG-5 a dosagem em média requerida por essa gramínea é de 576 kg.ha-1 de P2O5.
O NOVO IMPERIALISMO E A DINÂMICA ENERGÉTICA NAS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-BOLÍVIA
Authors: Valerio Anny Karolline Silva , Algayer Cecília De Castro , Silva João Vitor Carneiro da , Junior Rodrigo Ribeiro de Oliveira 
Published: July 2020

As relações diplomáticas entre o Brasil e a Bolívia, representadas na dinâmica energética, na já estabelecida questão do gás-natural boliviano e na contemporânea questão hidrelétrica, no complexo brasileiro da bacia do Madeira e no projeto de empreendimento binacional, nutre expectativas e questionamentos acerca dos impactos socioambientais, da produção energética e das perspectivas econômicas, diplomáticas e governamentais. O presente artigo, então, apresenta conceitos eixos do desenvolvimento regional, da relação desigual e do imperialismo, uma retrospectiva da relação energética, envolvendo os fatores políticos do comércio de gás-natural, e uma perspectiva inédita, as hidrelétricas do Madeira. Assim sendo, explicita-se a latente importância da dinâmica energética atrelada a maior fronteira terrestre brasileira e seu desenvolvimento socioambiental, político e econômico, para ambos países relacionados.