bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub‐cellular imaging shows reduced photosynthetic carbon and increased nitrogen assimilation by the non‐native endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii in the model cnidarian Aiptasia
Authors: Sproles Ashley E. , Oakley Clinton A. , Krueger Thomas , Grossman Arthur R. , Weis Virginia M. , Meibom Anders , Davy Simon K. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHosting different symbiont species can affect inter‐partner nutritional fluxes within the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis. Using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we measured the spatial incorporation of photosynthetically fixed 13C and heterotrophically derived 15N into host and symbiont cells of the model symbiotic cnidarian Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) when colonized with its native symbiont Breviolum minutum or the non‐native Durusdinium trenchii. Breviolum minutum exhibited high photosynthetic carbon assimilation per cell and translocation to host tissue throughout symbiosis establishment, whereas D. trenchii assimilated significantly less carbon, but obtained more host nitrogen. These findings suggest that D. trenchii has less potential to provide photosynthetically fixed carbon to the host despite obtaining considerable amounts of heterotrophically derived nitrogen. These sub‐cellular events help explain previous observations that demonstrate differential effects of D. trenchii compared to B. minutum on the host transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and host growth and asexual reproduction. Together, these differential effects suggest that the non‐native host–symbiont pairing is sub‐optimal with respect to the host's nutritional benefits under normal environmental conditions. This contributes to our understanding of the ways in which metabolic integration impacts the benefits of a symbiotic association, and the potential evolution of novel host–symbiont pairings.
Covid‐19 and UK Universities
Authors: Ahlburg Dennis A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUniversities UK (UUK) has suggested that there may be very significant losses to higher education as a consequence of Covid‐19. However, losses are likely to be substantially lower than the potential losses estimated by UUK. But the magnitude of losses is very uncertain. The UUK’s proposal to restrict undergraduate enrolment per university to stop institutions poaching students is not in the interests of the most highly regarded universities, or that of students. Some rationalisation of the sector should be the price of further government support. Now is also the time to reconsider how university research is funded.
Men, chronic illness and healthwork: accounts from male partners of women with endometriosis
Authors: Hudson Nicky , Law Caroline , Culley Lorraine , Mitchell Helene , Denny Elaine , Norton Wendy , Raine‐Fenning Nick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrently dominant in medical discourse, the concept of self‐management sees the responsibility for health and illness shift from the state to the individual. However, while this emphasis on individual responsibility and management has burgeoned, the role and status of partners and other family members in the management of chronic illness remains under‐theorised. While self‐management privileges individual responsibility for the management of chronic illness, the role of partners remains unclear. This paper utilises data from a study of heterosexual couples’ experiences of living with the chronic gynaecological condition endometriosis to explore how male partners engage in its day‐to‐day management. In all, 22 couples participated in in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with each partner interviewed separately (n = 44). Data were analysed thematically and dyadically, informed by an interpretivist relational approach. The paper utilises the concept of healthwork to describe the illness work, everyday life work, biographical work and emotion work men engaged in. The paper demonstrates how the conceptual value of healthwork is enhanced by incorporating an analysis of the emotional effort required in managing chronic illness. The paper illustrates the value of investigating the role of partners in managing chronic illness to provide a fuller account of the distributed and relational nature of healthwork.
Paradigm Shifts in Social Housing after Welfare‐State Transformation: Learning from the German Experience
Authors: Schönig Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWelfare‐state transformation and entrepreneurial urban politics in Western welfare states since the late 1970s have yielded converging trends in the transformation of the dominant Fordist paradigm of social housing in terms of its societal function and institutional and spatial form. In this article I draw from a comparative case study on two cities in Germany to show that the resulting new paradigm is simultaneously shaped by the idiosyncrasies of the country's national housing regime and local housing policies. While German governments have successively limited the societal function of social housing as a legitimate instrument only for addressing exceptional housing crises, local policies on providing and organizing social housing within this framework display significant variation. However, planning and design principles dominating the spatial forms of social housing have been congruent. They may be interpreted as both an expression of the marginalization of social housing within the restructured welfare housing regime and a tool of its implementation according to the logics of entrepreneurial urban politics.
Political connections in the land market: Evidence from China's state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Wang Long , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether political connections lead state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) to behave differently from privately owned enterprises (POEs) in acquiring land parcels at auctions and explores the underlying mechanisms that drive the price premiums paid by SOEs. We find that SOEs pay 11.9% more than POEs for observably comparable land parcels at auctions, and the price premiums SOEs pay are mainly driven by wholly state‐owned enterprises (WSOEs). In particular, we provide evidence that SOEs have advance access to information about the development of land parcels in 134 state‐level special economic zones, and land parcels purchased by SOEs lead to positive stock market performance. We also show that an anti‐corruption campaign that weakens political connections and reduces the information advantage leads to a decrease in the price premiums paid by SOEs.
Regulating short‐term rental housing: Evidence from New Orleans
Authors: Valentin Maxence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effects of regulations targeting Airbnb and other short‐term rental (STR) suppliers in the urban center of New Orleans. I show that although the new ordinances reduced participation in the STR market as intended, STR usage actually increased in the neighborhoods adjacent to areas the most affected by the regulations. I subsequently show that the new regulations depressed property values in the neighborhoods facing the tightest regulations by approximately 30%, implying that homeowners factor into their housing purchasing decisions the option to participate in the STR market.
Melanoma beyond the skin: A case of anorectal melanoma
Authors: Caballero Marianna , Joseph Bacheline , Sanon Ciara , Snow Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnorectal melanoma is a rare cancer with a very poor prognosis. Symptoms on presentation include rectal bleeding, anal pain, an appreciable anorectal mass, change in bowel habits, pruritis, and tenesmus. Current surgical treatment options include abdominoperineal resection and wide local excision (WLE). However, recent reports suggest that WLE is adequate for disease control while minimizing the morbidity associated with surgery. We present a case of a 63 year old female with an initial diagnosis of an unspecified rectal tumour found to be anorectal melanoma.
Transcriptomic analysis of the bagworm moth silk gland reveals a number of silk genes conserved within Lepidoptera
Authors: Tsubota Takuya , Yoshioka Taiyo , Jouraku Akiya , Suzuki Takao K. , Yonemura Naoyuki , Yukuhiro Kenji , Kameda Tsunenori , Sezutsu Hideki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLepidopteran insects produce cocoons with unique properties. The cocoons are made of silk produced in the larval tissue silk gland and our understanding of the silk genes is still very limited. Here, we investigated silk genes in the bagworm moth Eumeta variegata, a species that has recently been found to produce extraordinarily strong and tough silk. Using short‐read transcriptomic analysis, we identified a partial sequence of the fibroin heavy chain gene and its product was found to have a C‐terminal structure that is conserved within nonsaturniid species. This is in accordance with the presence of fibroin light chain/fibrohexamerin genes and it is suggested that the bagworm moth is producing silk composed of fibroin ternary complex. This indicates that the fibroin structure has been evolutionarily conserved longer than previously thought. Other than fibroins we identified candidates for sericin genes, expressed strongly in the middle region of the silk gland and encoding serine‐rich proteins, and other silk genes, that are structurally conserved with other lepidopteran homologues. The bagworm moth is thus considered to be producing conventional lepidopteran type of silk. We further found a number of genes expressed in a specific region of the silk gland and some genes showed conserved expression with Bombyx mori counterparts. This is the first study allowing comprehensive silk gene identification and expression analysis in the lepidopteran Psychidae family and should contribute to the understanding of silk gene evolution as well as to the development of novel types of silk.
Surgical outcomes of parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism resistant to calcimimetic treatment: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Okada Manabu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Ichimori Toshihiro , Tomosugi Toshihide , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Tsuzuki Toyonori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the surgical outcomes of parathyroidectomy (PTx) for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) resistant to calcimimetic treatment, we retrospectively studied 187 patients with SHPT who had no history of calcimimetic treatment (NCMT) (NCMT group) and 186 patients with SHPT who were resistant to calcimimetic treatment (RCMT) (RCMT group). Success rate and operative time of PTx were compared among the two groups. Operative time was significantly longer in the RCMT group than in the NCMT group (180 vs 158 minutes, P < .001), but the difference was attenuated after multivariate adjustment including the weight of the largest parathyroid gland. No significant differences were observed in success rate of PTx (90.9% vs 91.4%, P = 1.000) between the two groups. In patients with SHPT who are resistant to calcimimetic treatment, operative time could be elongated but success rate of PTx remains unchanged.
Prevalence and risk factors of interstitial lung disease in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Chengmei , Chen Zhilei , Liu Suying , Chen Hua , Zhang Fengchun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence and risk factors for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2019. Two investigators reviewed records according to predefined criteria. We calculated the pooled prevalence, weighted mean differences (WMDs), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model, and performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Egger's test.ResultsIn 23 studies with 6157 pSS patients, the pooled prevalence of ILD in pSS patients was 13% (95% CI: 9‐19). The pSS‐ILD prevalence was higher in Asia (20%) than that in Europe (10%). Male gender (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.26‐2.95), elder age (WMD = 9.25 years, 95% CI: 2.78‐15.72) and higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = 3.92 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.27‐1.61) was associated with ILD in pSS patients.ConclusionInterstitial lung disease was prevalent in pSS patients. Elder age, male gender and higher CRP were risk factors for pSS‐ILD. Our data highlighted the importance of screening for ILD in high‐risk pSS patients.
Axial skeletal lesions and disease duration in SAPHO syndrome: A retrospective review of computed tomography findings in 81 patients
Authors: Li Chen , Ye Yuqian , Cao Yihan , Zhang Wen , Xu Wenrui , Wu Nan , Zhang Shuyang , Zhang Weihong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the relevance of disease duration with axial skeletal lesions in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome based on computed tomography (CT).MethodsPatients who had undergone whole‐spine CT were included from a previously reported single‐center cohort of SAPHO syndrome. Patients with previous treatments of bisphosphates, biological agents or surgeries were excluded. Sites of axial skeletal involvement were reviewed including the spine, sacroiliac joints, and anterior chest wall. Duration of osteoarticular involvement was defined as the interval between the onset of osteoarticular symptoms and the CT evaluation.ResultsEighty‐one patients (54 female and 27 male) were included in the study. The mean disease duration was 26.9 ± 34.9 months. Fifty (63.0%) patients showed spinal lesions on CT. The average numbers of involved vertebral segments for corner and endplate lesions were 3.16 ± 3.51 and 0.73 ± 1.85 respectively. Sixty‐eight (84.0%) patients exhibited abnormalities in the anterior chest wall. The number of involved vertebral segments showed poor correlation with disease duration for both corner lesions (r2 = 0.051, P = 0.043) and endplate lesions (r2 = 0.137, P = 0.001). Patients with costoclavicular involvement showed remarkably longer disease duration than those without (49.3 ± 47.7 months vs 18.0 ± 23.5 months, P = 0.006), while no significant difference was detected regarding other structures in the anterior chest wall.ConclusionCostoclavicular involvement is a hallmark of long disease duration in SAPHO syndrome. Corner and endplate lesions in the vertebrae and sacroiliac involvement may not relate to disease course.
taxadb: A high‐performance local taxonomic database interface
Authors: Norman Kari E. A. , Chamberlain Scott , Boettiger Carl 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

A familiar and growing challenge in ecological and evolutionary research is that of establishing consistent taxonomy when combining data from separate sources. While this problem is already well understood and numerous naming authorities have been created to address the issue, most researchers lack a fast, consistent, and intuitive way to retrieve taxonomic names.

We present taxadb R package which creates a local database, managed automatically from within R, to provide fast operations on millions of taxonomic names.

taxadb provides access to established naming authorities to resolve synonyms, taxonomic identifiers, and hierarchical classification in a consistent and intuitive data format.

taxadb makes operation on millions of taxonomic names fast and manageable.
The In situ Plankton Assemblage eXplorer (IPAX): An inexpensive underwater imaging system for zooplankton study
Authors: Lertvilai Pichaya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Zooplankton play vital ecological roles that maintain aquatic ecosystems. Imaging instruments have enabled in situ observations of these organisms that can be automated and are less invasive than traditional sampling methods. However, these instruments are often costly and require sophisticated engineering expertise to operate.

The In situ Plankton Assemblage eXplorer (IPAX) is an open‐source low‐cost imaging platform for zooplankton studies. The IPAX is a programmable instrument that has powerful LED illumination and a high‐resolution camera that can image zooplankton in situ, while material costs are less than USD $450. The optical performance of the instrument was calibrated in the laboratory using a calibration target and preserved zooplankton. The IPAX was then deployed in the field to observe diversity, emergent patterns and phototactic behaviour of demersal zooplankton at night to demonstrate its practicality.

Laboratory calibration indicated that the IPAX can resolve 100 µm features with 70% contrast at the focal plane with 5 cm × 3 cm field of view and 5 mm depth of field. The instrument also resolved fine morphological details of preserved zooplankton when in focus. The field deployment demonstrated capability to resolve the myriad of zooplankton present in addition to the different phototactic behaviour that was elicited and observed from the different colour LEDs.

The IPAX enables economical and autonomous surveys of zooplankton in various aquatic habitats. Its low cost facilitates construction and deployment of multiple units that can cover large spatial areas, while its versatility also allows adaptations to many experimental needs for aquatic ecology.
Proposal of Nursing Diagnosis “Readiness for Enhanced Healthy Aging”: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Barreto , Caldas Célia Pereira , de Souza Priscilla Alfradique , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Santana Rosimere Ferreira 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSETo analyze the concept of healthy aging and propose the development of a nursing diagnosisMETHODSConcept analysis using the method proposed by Walker and AvantFINDINGSFour bibliographic databases were searched, and 36 articles were included in the analysis. Seven antecedents, seven attributes, and three consequences for “healthy aging” were identified.CONCLUSIONSThe concept analysis supported the development of the new nursing diagnosis “readiness for enhanced healthy aging,” which can assist nurses in implementing actions aimed at promoting the health of older adults.IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe establishment of a nursing diagnosis may provide nurses the opportunity to implement interventions that promote the maintenance of functional and cognitive capacity, psychological and spiritual well‐being, and social engagement, aiming at healthy aging with high quality of life.
The Agents Intervening against Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit Trial (AID‐ICU trial): A detailed statistical analysis plan
Authors: Andersen‐Ranberg Nina , Poulsen Lone M. , Perner Anders , Wetterslev Jørn , Mathiesen Ole , Mortensen Camilla B. , Estrup Stine , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Hästbacka Johanna , Citerio Giuseppe , Caballero Jesus , Morgan Matthew P. G. , Oxenbøll‐Collet Marie , Weber Sven‐Olaf , Sofie Andreasen Anne , Bestle Morten H. , Pedersen Helle B. S. , Nielsen Louise G. , Uslu Bülent , Jensen Troels B. , Thee Carsten , Dey Nilanjan , Lange Theis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe AID‐ICU trial aims to assess the benefits and harms of haloperidol for the treatment of delirium in acutely admitted, adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This paper describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the primary publication of results from the AID‐ICU trial.MethodsThe AID‐ICU trial is an investigator‐initiated, pragmatic, international, multicentre, randomized, blinded, parallel‐group trial allocating 1000 adult ICU patients with manifest delirium 1:1 to haloperidol or placebo. The primary outcome measure is days alive and out of hospital within 90 days post‐randomization. Secondary outcome measures are days alive without delirium or coma, serious adverse reactions (SARs) to haloperidol, use of escape medicine, days alive without mechanical ventilation, and mortality, health‐related quality‐of‐life measures and cognitive function 1‐year post‐randomization. Statistical analysis will be conducted in accordance with the current pre‐specified statistical analysis plan. One formal interim analysis will be performed. The primary outcome will be adjusted for stratification variables (site and delirium motor subtype) and compared between treatment groups using a likelihood ratio test described by Jensen et al A secondary analysis will be conducted with additional adjustment of the primary outcome for prognostic variables at baseline. The primary conclusion of the trial will be based on the intention‐to‐treat analysis of the primary outcome adjusted for stratification variables.ConclusionThe AID‐ICU trial will provide important, high‐quality data on the benefits and harms of treatment with haloperidol in acutely admitted, adult patients with manifest delirium in the ICU.
Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease‐modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases—An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO)
Authors: Roth‐Walter Franziska , Adcock Ian M. , Benito‐Villalvilla Cristina , Bianchini Rodolfo , Bjermer Leif , Boyman Onur , Caramori Gaetano , Cari Luigi , Fan Chung Kian , Diamant Zuzana , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Knol Edward F. , Kolios Antonios , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Nocentini Giuseppe , Palomares Oscar , Redegeld Frank , Van Esch Betty , Stellato Cristiana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTherapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small‐molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment‐resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell–based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell–based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell–based approaches, especially Treg‐based approaches, in severe IgE‐mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment‐resistant forms of these immune‐driven disorders.