bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Stress State of Seismogenic Faults in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas Based on an Improved Stress Map
Authors: Qin Yan , Chen Xiaowei , Walter Jacob I. , Haffener Jackson , Trugman Daniel T. , Carpenter Brett M. , Weingarten Matthew , Kolawole Folarin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFault location and geometry are critical considerations in the reactivation of preexisting faults. Here, we combine relocated earthquake catalogs and focal mechanisms to delineate seismogenic faults in Oklahoma and southern Kansas and analyze their stress state. We first identify and map seismogenic faults based on earthquake clustering. We then obtain an improved stress map using 2,047 high‐quality focal mechanisms. The regional stress map shows a gradual transition from oblique normal faulting in western Oklahoma to strike‐slip faulting in central and eastern Oklahoma. Stress amplitude ratio shows a strong correlation with pore pressure from hydrogeologic models, suggesting that pore pressure exhibits a measurable influence on stress patterns. Finally, we assess fault stress state via 3‐D Mohr circles; a parameterunderstressis used to quantify the level of fault criticality (with 0 meaning critically stressed faults and 1 meaning faults with no applied shear stress). Our results indicate that most active faults have near vertical planes (planarity >0.8 and dip >70°), and there is a strong correlation between fault length and maximum magnitude on each fault. The fault trends show prominent conjugate sets that strike [55–75°] and [105–125°]. A comparison with mapped sedimentary faults and basement fractures reveals common tectonic control. Based on 3‐D Mohr circles, we find that 78%of the faults are critically stressed (understress ≤0.2), while several seismogenic faults are misoriented with high understress (>0.4). Fault geometry and local stress fields may be used to evaluate potential seismic hazard, as the largest earthquakes tend to occur on long, critically stressed faults.
Effect of Subshelf Melt Variability on Sea Level Rise Contribution From Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Hoffman Matthew J. , Asay‐Davis Xylar , Price Stephen F. , Fyke Jeremy , Perego Mauro 
Published: November 2019

Modeling and observations suggest that Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, has begun unstable retreat. Concurrently, oceanographic observations have revealed substantial multiyear variability in the temperature of the ocean water driving retreat through melting of the ice shelf that restrains inland glacier flow. Using an ensemble of 72 ice‐sheet model simulations that include an idealized representation of ocean temperature variability, we find that variable ice‐shelf melting causes delays in grounding line retreat, mass loss, and sea level contribution relative to steady forcing. Modeled delays are up to 43 years after 500 years of simulation, corresponding to a 10% reduction in glacier mass loss. Delays are primarily caused by asymmetric melt forcing in the presence of variability. For the “warm cavity” conditions beneath Thwaites Ice Shelf, increases in access of warm, deeper water are unable to raise water temperatures in the cavity by much, whereas increases in access of significantly colder, shallow water reduce cavity water temperatures substantially. This leads to lowered mean melt rates under variable ocean temperature forcing. Additionally, about one quarter of the mass loss delay is caused by a nonlinear ice dynamic response to varying ice‐shelf thinning rate, which is amplified during the initial phases of unstable, bed‐topography‐driven retreat. Mass loss rates under variability differ by up to 50% from ensemble mean values at any given time. Our results underscore the need for taking climate variability into account when modeling ice sheet evolution and for continued efforts toward the coupling of ice sheet models to ocean and climate models.
Sustainable Observations of the AMOC: Methodology and Technology
Authors: McCarthy G. D. , Brown P. J. , Flagg C. N. , Goni G. , Houpert L. , Hughes C. W. , Hummels R. , Inall M. , Jochumsen K. , Larsen K. M. H. , Lherminier P. , Meinen C. S. , Moat B. I. , Rayner D. , Rhein M. , Roessler A. , Schmid C. , Smeed D. A. 
Published: November 2019

Key Points

The AMOC is a system of ocean currents that move heat and carbon around the planet and is predicted to decline in the future
The AMOC has been directly measured since the 2000s, but we now have observation systems in place that can verify a future decline
We look at how these systems might develop in the future and consider how they might fit in an optimized Atlantic observing system
Characterization of Solar Energetic Particle Radiation Dose to Astronaut Crew on Deep‐Space Exploration Missions
Authors: Mertens Christopher J. , Slaba Tony C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman radiation exposure from solar energetic particle (SEP) events during deep‐space exploration missions has a greater impact on mission planning and operations compared to spaceflight missions to low Earth orbit. Deep‐space SEP radiation exposure may require in‐flight preventative actions in order to reduce the radiation risks to as low as reasonably achievable, to limit the onset and severity of acute biological responses, and to ensure that astronaut permissible exposure limits are not exceeded. In this paper, radiation dose to the blood forming organs (BFO) of astronaut crew is calculated from a set of historical SEP events, using the design of the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV). The BFO doses from the historical events are analyzed in several ways. The results show the range and upper limit of BFO doses expected in heavily shielded space vehicles such as the Orion MPCV, based on calculations from all the major SEP events encountered in the space age. The dose reduction properties of the MPCV storm shelter are characterized over the broad range of SEP events included in the historical database. Correlations are derived between the integral proton fluence and BFO dose in the vehicle, showing that integral fluence is a good proxy for predicting or forecasting vehicle BFO dose. The best correlation with MPCV BFO dose is from the >100 MeV integral fluence. These results will assist in the design of future space weather architectures by identifying models and measurements needed to expand and extend NASA's existing SEP radiation risk tools in the support and management of human space exploration missions.
Toward Improved Predictions in Ungauged Basins: Exploiting the Power of Machine Learning
Authors: Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Herrnegger Mathew , Sampson Alden K. , Hochreiter Sepp , Nearing Grey S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong short‐term memory (LSTM) networks offer unprecedented accuracy for prediction in ungauged basins. We trained and tested several LSTMs on 531 basins from the CAMELS data set using k‐fold validation, so that predictions were made in basins that supplied no training data. The training and test data set included ∼30 years of daily rainfall‐runoff data from catchments in the United States ranging in size from 4 to 2,000 km2 with aridity index from 0.22 to 5.20, and including 12 of the 13 IGPB vegetated land cover classifications. This effectively “ungauged” model was benchmarked over a 15‐year validation period against the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC‐SMA) model and also against the NOAA National Water Model reanalysis. SAC‐SMA was calibrated separately for each basin using 15 years of daily data. The out‐of‐sample LSTM had higher median Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiencies across the 531 basins (0.69) than either the calibrated SAC‐SMA (0.64) or the National Water Model (0.58). This indicates that there is (typically) sufficient information in available catchment attributes data about similarities and differences between catchment‐level rainfall‐runoff behaviors to provide out‐of‐sample simulations that are generally more accurate than current models under ideal (i.e., calibrated) conditions. We found evidence that adding physical constraints to the LSTM models might improve simulations, which we suggest motivates future research related to physics‐guided machine learning.
Displacement Talbot lithography for nano-engineering of III-nitride materials
Authors: Coulon Pierre-Marie , Damilano Benjamin , Alloing Blandine , Chausse Pierre , Walde Sebastian , Enslin Johannes , Armstrong Robert , Vézian Stéphane , Hagedorn Sylvia , Wernicke Tim , Massies Jean , Zúñiga‐Pérez Jesus , Weyers Markus , Kneissl Michael , Shields Philip A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNano-engineering III-nitride semiconductors offers a route to further control the optoelectronic properties, enabling novel functionalities and applications. Although a variety of lithography techniques are currently employed to nano-engineer these materials, the scalability and cost of the fabrication process can be an obstacle for large-scale manufacturing. In this paper, we report on the use of a fast, robust and flexible emerging patterning technique called Displacement Talbot lithography (DTL), to successfully nano-engineer III-nitride materials. DTL, along with its novel and unique combination with a lateral planar displacement (D2TL), allow the fabrication of a variety of periodic nanopatterns with a broad range of filling factors such as nanoholes, nanodots, nanorings and nanolines; all these features being achievable from one single mask. To illustrate the enormous possibilities opened by DTL/D2TL, dielectric and metal masks with a number of nanopatterns have been generated, allowing for the selective area growth of InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods, the top-down plasma etching of III-nitride nanostructures, the top-down sublimation of GaN nanostructures, the hybrid top-down/bottom-up growth of AlN nanorods and GaN nanotubes, and the fabrication of nanopatterned sapphire substrates for AlN growth. Compared with their planar counterparts, these 3D nanostructures enable the reduction or filtering of structural defects and/or the enhancement of the light extraction, therefore improving the efficiency of the final device. These results, achieved on a wafer scale via DTL and upscalable to larger surfaces, have the potential to unlock the manufacturing of nano-engineered III-nitride materials.
Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Schmaal Lianne , van Harmelen Anne-Laura , Chatzi Vasiliki , Lippard Elizabeth T. C. , Toenders Yara J. , Averill Lynnette A. , Mazure Carolyn M. , Blumberg Hilary P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIdentifying brain alterations that contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are important to develop more targeted and effective strategies to prevent suicide. In the last decade, and especially in the last 5 years, there has been exponential growth in the number of neuroimaging studies reporting structural and functional brain circuitry correlates of STBs. Within this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive review of neuroimaging studies of STBs published to date and summarize the progress achieved on elucidating neurobiological substrates of STBs, with a focus on converging findings across studies. We review neuroimaging evidence across differing mental disorders for structural, functional, and molecular alterations in association with STBs, which converges particularly in regions of brain systems that subserve emotion and impulse regulation including the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) and dorsal PFC (DPFC), insula and their mesial temporal, striatal and posterior connection sites, as well as in the connections between these brain areas. The reviewed literature suggests that impairments in medial and lateral VPFC regions and their connections may be important in the excessive negative and blunted positive internal states that can stimulate suicidal ideation, and that impairments in a DPFC and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) system may be important in suicide attempt behaviors. A combination of VPFC and DPFC system disturbances may lead to very high risk circumstances in which suicidal ideation is converted to lethal actions via decreased top-down inhibition of behavior and/or maladaptive, inflexible decision-making and planning. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and insula may play important roles in switching between these VPFC and DPFC systems, which may contribute to the transition from suicide thoughts to behaviors. Future neuroimaging research of larger sample sizes, including global efforts, longitudinal designs, and careful consideration of developmental stages, and sex and gender, will facilitate more effectively targeted preventions and interventions to reduce loss of life to suicide.
Pharmacogenomic biomarker information differences between drug labels in the United States and Hungary: implementation from medical practitioner view
Authors: Varnai Reka , Szabo Istvan , Tarlos Greta , Szentpeteri Laszlo Jozsef , Sik Attila , Balogh Sandor , Sipeky Csilla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPharmacogenomic biomarker availability of Hungarian Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPC) was assembled and compared with the information in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug labels of the same active substance (July 2019). The level of action of these biomarkers was assessed from The Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase database. From the identified 264 FDA approved drugs with pharmacogenomic biomarkers in drug label, 195 are available in Hungary. From them, 165 drugs include pharmacogenomic data disposing 222 biomarkers. Most of them are metabolizing enzymes (46%) and pharmacological targets (41%). The most frequent therapeutic area is oncology (37%), followed by infectious diseases (12%) and psychiatry (9%) (p < 0.00001). Most common biomarkers in Hungarian SmPCs are CYP2D6, CYP2C19, estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor (ESR, PGS). Importantly, US labels present more specific pharmacogenomic subheadings, the level of action has a different prominence, and offer more applicable dose modifications than Hungarians (5% vs 3%). However, Hungarian SmPCs are at 9 oncology drugs stricter than FDA, testing is obligatory before treatment. Out of the biomarkers available in US drug labels, 62 are missing completely from Hungarian SmPCs (p < 0.00001). Most of these belong to oncology (42%) and in case of 11% of missing biomarkers testing is required before treatment. In conclusion, more factual, clear, clinically relevant pharmacogenomic information in Hungarian SmPCs would reinforce implementation of pharmacogenetics. Underpinning future perspective is to support regulatory stakeholders to enhance inclusion of pharmacogenomic biomarkers into Hungarian drug labels and consequently enhance personalized medicine in Hungary.
Sporadic implementation of UK familial mammographic surveillance guidelines 15 years after original publication
Authors:   Cancer Genetics Group clinical leads, Evans D. Gareth , Edwards Maria , Duffy Stephen W. , Tischkowitz Marc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe National Institute of health and Care Excellence issued guidelines on familial breast cancer screening in 2004. Such guidelines should be uniformly implemented to ensure that members of the same family with the same level of risk, but living in different areas, have the same access to screening. We assessed uptake by creating a short, six question online survey designed to assess compliance in each regional area. We used this to conduct a survey of all 22 regional genetics services. There was a 100% response to the survey allowing a complete map to be created. The devolved nations had near complete compliance with the sole exception of SW Scotland, but in England the picture was fragmented with regions representing a combined population of 26.6 million (48%) not implementing the full NICE recommendations. Fifteen years after the publication of the original guidelines, major inequity in provision for screening still occurs and a postcode lottery exists for the management of women from families with a history of breast cancer. We estimate that up to 73 preventable breast cancer deaths occur each year due to the current inequity of access. It may be time to consider alternative funding and implementation models to ensure consistent access across the country.
Association of the tumour stroma percentage in the preoperative biopsies with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fu Meiting , Chen Dexin , Luo Fuzheng , Li Mengshu , Wang Yadong , Chen Junsheng , Li Aimin , Liu Side 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) status is integral to determining the most appropriate treatment strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict LN metastasis in CRC preoperatively.

Methods
A total of 530 patients were enrolled and divided into training and validation cohorts. The tumour stroma percentage (TSP) of the preoperative biopsies was assessed. The risk factors for LN metastasis were selected, and a nomogram was constructed subsequently. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by using the AUROC and the calibration curve, and then validated in the validation cohort.

Results
High TSP was significantly associated with LN metastasis in both the training and validation cohorts. Computed tomography (CT)-reported T stage, CT-reported LN status, preoperative tumour differentiation, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and TSP were independent predictors of LN metastasis in CRC. A nomogram incorporating the six predictors was constructed. The nomogram yielded good discrimination and calibration, with an AUROC of 0.846 (95% CI: 0.807−0.886) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.745−0.872) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
Assessment of TSP in the preoperative biopsies provided additional information about the LN status. The nomogram was useful for tailored therapy in CRC preoperatively.
Abnormal development of zebrafish after knockout and knockdown of ribosomal protein L10a
Authors: Palasin Kunwadee , Uechi Tamayo , Yoshihama Maki , Srisowanna Naparee , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Kenmochi Naoya , Chotigeat Wilaiwan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, to investigate the secondary function of Rpl10a in zebrafish development, morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) were used to knock down the zebrafish ribosomal protein L10a (rpl10a). At 25 hpf (hours post-fertilization), embryos injected with the rpl10a MO showed an abnormal morphology, including short bodies, curved tails, and small yolk sac extensions. We observed pigment reductions, edema, larger yolk sacs, smaller eyes and smaller yolk sac extensions at 50 hpf. In addition, reductions in the expression of primordial germ cell (PGC) marker genes (nanos1 and vasa) were observed in rpl10a knockdown embryos. A rescue experiment using a rpl10a mRNA co-injection showed the recovery of the morphology and red blood cell production similar to wild-type. Moreover, the CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to edit the sequence of rpl10a exon 5, resulting in a homozygous 5-bp deletion in the zebrafish genome. The mutant embryos displayed a morphology similar to that of the knockdown animals. Furthermore, the loss of rpl10a function led to reduced expression of gata1, hbae3, and hbbe1 (erythroid synthesis) and increased tp53 expression. Overall, the results suggested that Rpl10a deficiency caused delays in embryonic development, as well as apoptosis and anemia, in zebrafish.
Influence of morphological variations on the AC breakdown of XLPE insulation in submarine cable factory joints
Authors: Zhang Zhenpeng , Zhao Jiankang , Zhao Wei , Zhong Lisheng , HU Liexiang , Rao Wenbin , Zheng Mei , Meng Shaoxin 
Published: December 2019

Extruded crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) submarine cables with factory joints play a significant role in cross‐sea transmission interconnection projects. Morphological variations in the insulation of submarine cables and factory joints are caused by differences in process parameters. The dielectric properties of XLPE are affected by its morphology. In this study, samples of XLPE insulating materials were taken from the cable bulk, cable–joint transition, and factory joint, respectively, of a 500 kV high‐voltage AC submarine cable. The crosslinked morphology was obtained by extraction and infrared spectrometer. The crystal morphology was obtained by the way of etchant, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffractometry. The Weibull distribution was used to gather statistics of AC breakdown strength. The results show that in comparison with the cable bulk, the contents of crosslinked byproducts are higher in the cable–joint transition and factory joint. At the same time, there is a sparse distribution in terms of crystal morphology, with the appearance of smaller grains and lower crystallinity, in the cable–joint transition and factory joint. These morphological variations would generate more heat during electron transport and lengthen the free paths of electrons, then lead to the occurrence of AC breakdown. The results might provide insights into the optimisation of the morphology of XLPE, in particular submarine cable factory joints.
Coupling of cell fate selection model enhances DNA damage response and may underlie BE phenomenon
Authors: Demirkıran Gökhan , Kalaycı Demir Güleser , Güzeliş Cüneyt 
Published: December 2019

Double‐strand break‐induced (DSB) cells send signal that induces DSBs in neighbour cells, resulting in the interaction among cells sharing the same medium. Since p53 network gives oscillatory response to DSBs, such interaction among cells could be modelled as an excitatory coupling of p53 network oscillators. This study proposes a plausible coupling model of three‐mode two‐dimensional oscillators, which models the p53‐mediated cell fate selection in globally coupled DSB‐induced cells. The coupled model consists of ATM and Wip1 proteins as variables. The coupling mechanism is realised through ATM variable via a mean‐field modelling the bystander signal in the intercellular medium. Investigation of the model reveals that the coupling generates more sensitive DNA damage response by affecting cell fate selection. Additionally, the authors search for the cause‐effect relationship between coupled p53 network oscillators and bystander effect (BE) endpoints. For this, they search for the possible values of uncertain parameters that may replicate BE experiments’ results. At certain parametric regions, there is a correlation between the outcomes of cell fate and endpoints of BE, suggesting that the intercellular coupling of p53 network may manifest itself as the form of observed BEs.
3-D-Mapping-Systeme und integrierte Bildgebung in der Elektrophysiologie
Authors: Kowalewski Christopher A. B. , Bourier Felix 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungMit 3-D-Mapping-Systemen lässt sich die genaue Lage elektrophysiologischer Katheter im Herz bestimmen und bei kontinuierlicher Aufzeichnung ihrer Position zu einem anatomischen Bild zusammenfügen. Wird dann noch die intrakardiale „elektrische Information“ farbcodiert ergänzt, kann diese Darstellung sowohl mit Röntgen- als auch mit Schnittbildern fusioniert werden: ein komplexes Werkzeug für komplexe Arrhythmien.