bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to and spread of COVID-19-like illness in care homes in Norfolk, UK
Authors: Brainard Julii , Rushton Steven , Winters Tim , Hunter Paul R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Residential care homes for the elderly are important settings for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease.

Methods
We undertook secondary analysis of 248 care homes in Norfolk, UK. The dataset counted nurses, care workers and non-care workers, their status (available, absent due to leave or sickness and extra staff needed to address the coronavirus pandemic) and residents (if any) with suspected COVID-19 in the period 6 April to 6 May 2020. Concurrent descriptions of access by the home to personal protection equipment (PPE: gloves, masks, eye protection, aprons and sanitizer) were in the data. PPE access was categorized as (most to least) green, amber or red. We undertook two-stage modelling, first for suspected COVID-19 cases amongst residents and second relating any increases in case counts after introduction to staffing or PPE levels.

Results
Counts of non-care workers had strongest relationships (P &lt; 0.05) to introduction of suspected SARS-CoV-2 to the homes. Higher staff levels and more severe PPE shortages were linked to higher case counts (P &lt; 0.05) during the monitoring period.

Conclusion
Managing aspects of staff interaction with residents and some working practices might reduce ingression to and spread of COVID-19-like illness within care homes.
Detection of Type I and III collagen in porcine acellular matrix using HPLC–MS
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Yi , Zhao Bo , Gao Jianping , Xia Leilei , Xing Fangyu , Kong Yingjun , Li Yongchao , Zhang Guifeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acellular matrix (ACM) has been widely used as a biomaterial. As the main component of ACM, collagen type and content show influence on the material properties. In this research, the collagen in ACM from different tissues of pig were determined by detection of marker peptides. The marker peptides of Type I and III collagen were identified from the digested collagen standards using ions trap mass spectrometry (LCQ). The relationship between the abundance of marker peptide and collagen concentration was established using triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TSQ). The contents of Type I and III collagen in ACM from different tissues were determined. The method was further verified by hydroxyproline determination. The results showed that, the sum of Type I and III collagen contents in the ACM from small intestinal submucosa, dermis and Achilles tendon of pig were about 87.59, 81.41 and 61.13%, respectively, which were close to the total collagen contents in these tissues. The results proved that this method could quantitatively detect the collagen with different types in the ACM of various tissues.
Relationship between live body condition score and carcass fat measures in equine
Authors: Baker Lance A , Burrows Amanda M , Nonella Kelsey J , Pipkin John L , Holmes Logan D , McEvers Trent J , Tennant Travis C , Tisdale Zane M , Voyles Austin H , Lawrence Ty E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Relationships between live body condition score (BCS) and carcass fat depots have not been well established in equine. Our study was designed to quantify the relationship between BCS and fat depot measurements from equine carcasses. Live horses (n = 429) were evaluated immediately prior to immobilization at a commercial equine processor. Horses were independently assigned a BCS by a panel of three trained evaluators; BCS was evaluated by visual appraisal and manual palpation of the neck, withers, back, ribs, behind the shoulder, and tailhead. Median BCS frequencies were: 3.0 (n = 9), 4.0 (n = 43), 5.0 (n = 116), 6.0 (n = 86), 7.0 (n = 72), 8.0 (n = 76), and 9.0 (n = 27). Sex (stallion [n = 5], mare [n = 159], or gelding [n = 114]) and breed type (draft [n = 56], stock [n = 363], pony [n = 8], or mule [n =3]) were also denoted. Horses were processed for human consumption according to industry-accepted procedures under the supervision of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. During the harvest process, all kidney–pelvic–heart (KPH) fat was trimmed from the carcass and weighed. After chilling, the marbling score was subjectively evaluated using beef grading standards. Carcass fat trim was weighed during the fabrication process. As BCS increased, hot carcass weight (HCW), absolute KPH weight, KPH expressed as a percentage of HCW, marbling score, neck fat depth, absolute weight of trimmed carcass fat, and trimmed carcass fat as a percentage of HCW increased (P &lt; 0.01). A strong correlation (r = 0.74; P &lt; 0.01) was detected between BCS and absolute KPH weight. Similarly, correlations between BCS and percentage of KPH (r = 0.65), neck fat depth (r = 0.60), absolute trimmed carcass fat (r = 0.58), trimmed carcass fat as a percentage of HCW (r = 0.54), marbling score (r = 0.54), and HCW (r = 0.52) were also detected (P &lt; 0.01). These data indicate a strong relationship between subjective live BCS and objectively measured carcass fat depots in various equine breed types and sexes.
A system and analytical method for testing the electrical parameters of soil
Authors: Han Yue , Che Ailan , Feng Shaokong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electrical parameters of the rock and soil are closely related to the physical parameters. By measuring the resistivity and polarizability of rock and soil reasonably, information on physical parameters such as moisture content, pore ratio and compaction degree can be obtained. A system for testing the electrical parameters of soil samples based on the middle step quadrupole method is developed in this article. The system uses a series of copper needles as the electrodes of the soil-mounted test tube, and uses a multi-point multi-layer test method for layered data acquisition, which can solve the problems caused by the capacitance phenomenon and the heterogeneity of the soil sample. At the same time, factors affecting the test results, such as uneven soil preparation and water addition and electrode disturbance, are regarded as noise. A data-analysis method based on median filtering is proposed to process and analyse the test results, and the relationships between resistivity, polarizability, moisture content and compaction degree of the sample are obtained. The results show that the resistivity decreases nonlinearly as moisture content increases, and the correlation with compaction is not strong; the polarizability increases as moisture content increases with fluctuation, and it first increases and then decreases with an increase in compaction.
Hospital-Level Variation in the Frequency of Cesarean Delivery Among Nulliparous Women Who Undergo Labor Induction
Authors: Main Elliott K. , Chang Shen-Chih , Cheng Yvonne W. , Rosenstein Melissa G. , Lagrew David C. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the use of administrative data for identification of labor induction and to estimate the variation in cesarean delivery rates among low-risk women who underwent labor induction.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was performed examining live births in California hospitals during 2016 and 2017 using birth certificate data linked with maternal patient discharge records. Initially, eight hospitals performed medical record reviews by using reVITALize definitions on 46,916 deliveries to assess the validity of induction identification by birth certificate or discharge diagnosis records or both. Hospital-level variation in cesarean delivery rates was then assessed among all California hospitals for women with low-obstetric-risk first births before and after further risk adjustment and after the exclusion of potential medical and obstetric indications for induction. Variation in physician-level cesarean delivery rates after induction at four large hospitals also was examined. The relationships between cesarean delivery rates among women with induced labors compared with noninduced labors and with the hospital rate of induction also were explored.

RESULTS:
Identifying induction by a combination of discharge diagnosis codes and birth certificate data had the highest accuracy (92.9%, 95% CI 92.7–93.2). Among 917,225 births at 238 birthing hospitals, there were 99,441 nulliparous women with term, singleton, vertex pregnancies who were induced. The median cesarean delivery rate after labor induction for nulliparous women with term, singleton, vertex pregnancies was 32.2%, with a range of 18.5–84.6%. This wide variation was not reduced after risk adjustment or after exclusion of all women with induction indications. A similar wide variation was noted within geographic regions, neonatal intensive care levels, and among individual physicians in the same facility. Only very weak associations were found for the cesarean delivery rate after labor induction and either the rate after noninduced labor (R2<0.08) or the rate of nulliparous labor induction (R2<0.12).

CONCLUSION:
The large variation of cesarean delivery rates after induction of labor suggests that clinical management plays an important role in achieving induction success.
Evaluating the Association of Stillbirths After Maternal Vaccination in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
Authors: Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , McCarthy Natalie L. , Tepper Naomi K. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Lipkind Heather S. , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , McClure David L. , Greenberg Victoria , Getahun Darios , Glanz Jason M. , Naleway Allison L. , Klein Nicola P. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Weintraub Eric S. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended influenza and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations in pregnancy are associated with increased risk of stillbirth.

METHODS:
We performed a case–control study in the Vaccine Safety Datalink that was matched 1:4 on site, month, and year of last menstrual period, comparing the odds of vaccination in pregnancies that ended in stillbirth (defined as fetal loss at or after 20 weeks of gestation) compared with those that ended in live birth from January 1, 2012, to September 30, 2015. We included patients with singleton pregnancies that ended in stillbirth or live birth who had at least one prenatal care visit, pregnancy dating information, and continuous health plan enrollment for the duration of pregnancy. Medical records for all stillbirths were reviewed. We were statistically powered to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 1.37 when evaluating the association between influenza or Tdap vaccination and stillbirth. We also examined stillbirth rates in pregnant patients aged 14–49 years in the Vaccine Safety Datalink between 2007 and 2015.

RESULTS:
In our matched analysis of 795 confirmed stillbirths in the case group and 3,180 live births in the control group, there was no significant association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and stillbirth (343/795 [43.1%] stillbirths in the case group vs 1,407/3,180 [44.3%] live births in the control group, OR 0.94, adjusted OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.79–1.14, P=.54) and no significant association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and stillbirth (184/795 [23.1%] stillbirths in the case group vs 746/3,180 [23.5%] live births in the control group, OR 0.97, aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76–1.28, P=.91). From 2007 to 2015, the stillbirth rate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink was 5.2 per 1,000 live births and stillbirths.

CONCLUSION:
No association was found between vaccination during pregnancy and the odds of stillbirth. These findings support the safety of ACIP recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy.
When ophthalmology goes virtual amid a pandemic: content analysis of the 2020 #ASCRSVirtualMeeting
Authors: Fathy Cherie , Cehelyk Eli , Israilevich Rachel , Deiner Michael , Venkateswaran Nandini , Kim Terry 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To assess the use and impact of the social media platform Twitter during the 2020 ASCRS Virtual Meeting.

Setting:
Social media platform Twitter.com.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of Twitter use during the ASCRS Virtual Meeting in May 2020. All tweets and associated metadata pertaining to the conference were compiled starting from when the virtual meeting was announced (April 8, 2020) to 2 weeks postconference (May 31, 2020). Two coders independently coded all tweets and excluded tweets if they were irrelevant or no longer available.

Results:
A total of 501 tweets were reviewed, of which 48.5% of tweets came from private accounts, 23.1% from academic institutions, 14.4% from ASCRS accounts, 12.4% from industry, and 1.6% from professional organizations; 146 tweets (29.1%) were shared before, 303 tweets (60.5%) during, and 52 tweets (10.4%) after the conference. A total of 315 tweets (62.9%) promoted conference events, 137 tweets (27.3%)) were about research studies, 136 tweets (27.1%) were social posts, 115 tweets (23.0%) were from industry sponsors, 22 tweets (4.4%) were self-promotion, and 5 tweets (1.0%5) were not categorized. Twitter impressions on the ASCRS account increased by 79% in 2020 compared with the 2019 annual meeting.

Conclusions:
To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to describe how Twitter users engaged with a virtual ophthalmology meeting through social media during the coronavirus pandemic. Findings from this study offer insight into how the ophthalmology community can use social media during conferences and highlight opportunities for networking through social media for both virtual and in-person conferences in the future.
‘S’ means stop! Critical examination of capsular tension ring movements with Miyake-Apple video analysis
Authors: Page Timothy P. , Werner Liliana , Ellis Nathan , Heczko Joshua B. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To examine capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation to establish whether there are predictable movements of the CTR during deployment, indicating complicated vs uneventful implantation.

Setting:
Intermountain Ocular Research Center, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
Nine cadaver eyes were prepared using standard Miyake-Apple protocol with digital video recording. A 4 o'clock-hour zonular dialysis was created, followed by a capsulorhexis and hydrodissection. In 4 eyes, a suture-guided CTR (SGCTR) injector and 8-0 nylon suture through the leading eyelet served as a visible tracer for the CTR. In 5 eyes, a standard CTR was used. The movements of the CTR during implantation were observed.

Results:
In all eyes, SGCTR and CTR movements were predictable during implantation. All CTRs displayed cardinal movements within the injector, initially adjacent to the side of the inner diameter of the CTR. As the CTR made contact with lens or capsule, it shifted first to the center and then to the opposite side of the injector lumen. The appearance of an S-curve in the surgeon's view coincided with an obstruction of the leading eyelet and stress on the zonular fibers, as viewed with Miyake-Apple analysis.

Conclusions:
Traumatic CTR implantation might be avoided by understanding the characteristics of uneventful insertion vs an insertion complicated by entrapment or entanglement of the CTR. By recognizing the abnormal movements of the CTR associated with an obstruction, a surgeon might avoid iatrogenic complications.
A Qualitative Study
Authors: Abel Willie M. , Spikes Telisa , Greer Danice B. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in Blacks is among the highest in the world. For Black women, 46% experience stage 2 HTN (blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mm Hg) as compared with 42% of Black men. Because of higher rates of stage 2 HTN, Black women have greater rates of cardiovascular disease and stroke. For reasons unknown, nonadherence to lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications continues. An understudied potential factor associated with poor adherence to the treatment regimen and negative health outcomes is stigma.

Objective
The aim of this study was to gain insight and describe the psychological factor of stigma as an influence on poorly controlled HTN in Black women.

Methods
Hypertensive Black women attending a 6-week self-management program were invited to participate in an open-ended questionnaire. Six groups were held with 62 women aged 24 to 70 years, with group size ranging from 10 to 15. Women anonymously wrote their answer to 2 questions to capture individual responses without group persuasion. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Five themes were generated inductively from the data and included (1) desire to get control, (2) shame and embarrassment, (3) obesity characterizations, (4) stereotype threats, and lastly, (5) disrupted normality. During member checking, younger participants were more vocal about stigma, whereas older participants did not view stigma as problematic.

Conclusions
Hypertension stigma could potentially deter adherence to high BP treatment. Further research is needed to explore the prevalence of stigma in this population and its impact on behaviors that hinder BP control.
Pull the Foley: Improved Quality for Middle-Aged and Geriatric Trauma Patients Without Indwelling Catheters
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Johnson Joseph R. , Kelly Erin A. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) complications are often attributed to the inappropriate use of urinary catheters.

Purpose:
We sought to examine the effectiveness of a hospital-wide policy aimed at reducing the use of indwelling Foley catheters.

Methods:
We completed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 577 hip and femur fracture patients aged 55 years and older who were operatively treated at a Level 1 trauma center between October 2014 and March 2019. New standard-of-care guidelines restricting the use of indwelling Foley catheters were implemented starting January 2018, and we compared perioperative outcomes between cohorts.

Results:
Over a 50% absolute reduction in indwelling Foley catheter use and a near 30% relative reduction in hospital-acquired UTI were achieved. Postpolicy cohort patients without indwelling Foley catheters experienced lower odds of hospital-acquired UTI, higher odds of home discharge, as well as decreased time to surgery, shorter length of stay, and lower total inpatient cost compared with those with indwelling Foley catheters.

Conclusions:
The policy of restricting indwelling Foley catheter placement was safe and effective. A decrease in indwelling Foley catheter use led to a decrease in the rate of hospital-acquired UTI and positively affected other perioperative outcomes.
Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children
Authors: Bai Hua , Ji Yongjia , Wang Jia , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral infection resulting in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease has recently been designated by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic. Some doctors are using convalescent plasma (CP) therapies to treat COVID-19 patients. However, whether CP therapy is effective for children with COVID-19 remains controversial. Therefore, this study further explores the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immune CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children.

Methods:
Comprehensively search the electronic databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang, and collect relevant documents. We will also look for other sources. All document sources will not be restricted by language and publication status. Two researchers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction and research quality assessment. RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
This study will provide high-quality comprehensive evidence for the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immuno CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children

Conclusions:
The results of this study will provide the basis for the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immuno CP treatment of COVID-19 in children.

PROSPERO Registration number:
CRD42020199410
Impact of rational emotive behavioral therapy on personal value system of students with visual impairment
Authors: Abiogu Godwin C. , Ede Moses Onyemaechi , Amaeze Fidelis E. , Nnamani Ogechi , Agah John J. , Ogheneakoke Clifford E. , Ugwuozor Felix O. , Obiyo Ngozi , Ezurike Chukwuemeka , Nwosu Nneka , Onyeanusi Obageli C. , Nweke Maduaka L. , Amoke Chijioke V. , Asogwa Timothy E. , Obeagu Emmanuel I. , Ede Kelechi R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Visually impaired students have been reported to struggle with value system and rash decision making process. This study examined the impact of rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) in reducing negative personal value system of visually impaired people.

Method:
A group-randomized trial design was adopted using 56 students with visual impairment. The participants received a value-based rational emotive behavior progamme and were assessed at 3 points using PVS and ABS-2-AV.

Results:
The result of analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups in initial personal value in Nigerian as measured by PVS. At the post-treatment the effect of V-REBP was significant in personal value and follow-up assessment respectively in favour of treatment group.

Conclusion:
We concluded that there is significant impact of rational emotive behavioral therapy on reduction of negative personal value system of students with visual impairment.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest during living-donor liver transplant surgery
Authors: Park Jaesik , Kwak Ju Eun , Cho Yun Jeong , Choi Ho Joong , Choi Hoon , Chae Min Suk , Park Chul Soo , Choi Jong Ho , Hong Sang Hyun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective medical treatment for neurological recovery after cardiac arrest. Here, we describe a case of successful mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest during living-donor liver transplantation.

Patient concerns:
A 54-year-old woman with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted for living-donor liver transplantation. Cardiac arrest occurred during the anhepatic phase. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, spontaneous circulation returned, but the bispectral index level remained below 10 until the end of surgery.

Diagnoses:
Neurological injury caused by global cerebral hypoperfusion was suspected.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia for 24hours after resuscitation targeting a core body temperature of 34°C with surface cooling using ice bags.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered consciousness about 22 hours after the event. However, she showed symptoms of delirium even when discharged. At the 3-month follow-up exam, she showed no specific neurological complications. The transplanted liver showed no problems with regeneration.

Lessons:
Mild therapeutic hypothermia may be safely adopted in cases of cardiac arrest in liver transplant patients and is beneficial for neurological recovery.