bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube embedded adhesives for real-time monitoring of adhesion failure in high performance adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Bregar Tadej , An Donglan , Gharavian Somayeh , Burda Marek , Durazo-Cardenas Isidro , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Ayre David , Słoma Marcin , Hardiman Mark , McCarthy Conor , Yazdani Nezhad Hamed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded polymers are of increasing interest to scientific and industrial communities for multi-functional applications. In this article, CNTs have been introduced to high-strength epoxy adhesive for enabling in-situ strain sensing in adhesively bonded aluminium-to-aluminium single-lap joints to accurately indicate the onset and propagation of adhesion failure to the evolution of piezo-resistivity in varying mechanical loads. The CNT modified adhesive in bonded joints and the CNT modified adhesive alone have been tested under monothonic and cyclic tensile loads up to ultimate failure. The changes in the piezo-resistivity induced by the CNTs have been monitored in situ with respect to loading. A novel interpretation method has been developed for progressive, instantaneous adhesion failure estimation under cyclic tensile stresses from a resistivity baseline. The method indicates that the in-situ resistivity changes and the rate of the changes with strain, i.e. sensitivity, strongly correlate with the adhesion failure progression, irrespective of the CNT dispersion quality. Moreover, the effect of bond thickness on the evolution of piezo-resistivity and adhesion failure have been studied. It was observed that relatively thin adhesive bonds (0.18 mm thickness), possessing higher CNT contact points than thick bonds (0.43 mm thickness), provide 100 times higher sensitivity to varying cyclic loads.
Genetic analysis of the molecular regulation of electric fields-guided glia migration
Authors: Yao Li , Shippy Teresa , Li Yongchao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a developing nervous system, endogenous electric field (EF) influence embryonic growth. We reported the EF-directed migration of both rat Schwann cells (SCs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and explored the molecular mechanism using RNA-sequencing assay. However, previous studies revealed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EF-guided migration of SCs or OPCs alone. In this study, we performed joint differential expression analysis on the RNA-sequencing data from both cell types. We report a number of significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms that are related to the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Of the DEGs associated with these terms, nine up-regulated DEGs and 32 down-regulated DEGs showed the same direction of effect in both SCs and OPCs stimulated with EFs, while the remaining DEGs responded differently. Thus, our study reveals the similarities and differences in gene expression and cell migration regulation of different glial cell types in response to EF stimulation.
Post-merger chirps from binary black holes as probes of the final black-hole horizon
Authors: Calderon Bustillo Juan , Evans Christopher , Clark James A. , Kim Grace , Laguna Pablo , Shoemaker Deirdre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe merger of a binary black hole gives birth to a highly distorted final black hole. The gravitational radiation emitted as this black hole relaxes presents us with the unique opportunity to probe extreme gravity and its connection with the dynamics of the black hole horizon. Using numerical relativity simulations, we demonstrate a connection between a concrete observable feature in the gravitational waves and geometrical features on the dynamical apparent horizon of the final black hole. Specifically, we show how the line-of-sight passage of a “cusp”-like defect on the horizon of the final black hole correlates with “chirp”-like frequency peaks in the post-merger gravitational-waves. These post-merger chirps should be observed and analyzed as the sensitivity of LIGO and Virgo increase and as future generation detectors, such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope, become operational.
Large-gain low-voltage and wideband organic photodetectorsviaunbalanced charge transport
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Lee Jaewon , Schrock Max , Dixon Alana L. , Lill Alexander T. , Cho Kilwon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen 
Published: October 2020

Tetracyanoquinodimethane leads to trap-enhanced photoconductive gain and highly efficient broadband sensing for bulk heterojunction organic photodetectors.
Quantitative inference of the H2 column densities from 3 mm molecular emission: case study towards Orion B
Authors: Gratier Pierre , Pety Jérôme , Bron Emeric , Roueff Antoine , Orkisz Jan H. , Gerin Maryvonne , de Souza Magalhaes Victor , Gaudel Mathilde , Vono Maxime , Bardeau Sébastien , Chanussot Jocelyn , Chainais Pierre , Goicoechea Javier R. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Kainulainen Jouni , Languignon David , Le Bourlot Jacques , Le Petit Franck , Levrier François , Liszt Harvey , Peretto Nicolas , Roueff Evelyne , Sievers Albrecht 
Published: October 2020

Context. Based on the finding that molecular hydrogen is unobservable in cold molecular clouds, the column density measurements of molecular gas currently rely either on dust emission observation in the far-infrared, which requires space telescopes, or on star counting, which is limited in angular resolution by the stellar density. The (sub)millimeter observations of numerous trace molecules can be effective using ground-based telescopes, but the relationship between the emission of one molecular line and the H2 column density is non-linear and sensitive to excitation conditions, optical depths, and abundance variations due to the underlying physico- chemistry.
Aims. We aim to use multi-molecule line emission to infer the H2 molecular column density from radio observations.
Methods. We propose a data-driven approach to determine the H2 gas column densities from radio molecular line observations. We use supervised machine-learning methods (random forest) on wide-field hyperspectral IRAM-30m observations of the Orion B molecular cloud to train a predictor of the H2 column density, using a limited set of molecular lines between 72 and 116 GHz as input, and the Herschel-based dust-derived column densities as “ground truth” output.
Results. For conditions similar to those of the Orion B molecular cloud, we obtained predictions of the H2 column density within a typical factor of 1.2 from the Herschel-based column density estimates. A global analysis of the contributions of the different lines to the predictions show that the most important lines are 13CO(1–0), 12CO(1–0), C18O(1–0), and HCO+(1–0). A detailed analysis distinguishing between diffuse, translucent, filamentary, and dense core conditions show that the importance of these four lines depends on the regime, and that it is recommended that the N2H+(1–0) and CH3OH(20–10) lines be added for the prediction of the H2 column density in dense core conditions.
Conclusions. This article opens a promising avenue for advancing direct inferencing of important physical parameters from the molecular line emission in the millimeter domain. The next step will be to attempt to infer several parameters simultaneously (e.g., the column density and far-UV illumination field) to further test the method.
C(sp3)–H Bond Acylation with N-Acyl Imides under Photoredox/ Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Amgoune Abderrahmane , Kerackian Taline , Reina Antonio , Krachko Tetiana , Boddaert Hugo , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel Ni/photoredox-catalyzed acylation of aliphatic substrates, including simple alkanes and dialkyl ethers, has been developed. The method combines C–N bond activation of amides with a radical relay mechanism involving hydrogen-atom transfer. The protocol is operationally simple, employs bench-stable N-acyl imides as acyl-transfer reagents, and permits facile access to alkyl ketones under very mild conditions.
I2-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Ketone Oximes and Dialkyl/Diarylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Zeng Qingle , Li Nutao , Wang Yiding , Yang Hongqin , He Ze 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new protocol for the oxidative coupling of ketone oximes with dialkyl/diarylphosphine oxides to synthesize O-(dialkylphosphinyl)ketone oximes has been developed. Hydrogen peroxide is used as a green oxidizing agent, and molecular iodine is used as a nonmetal catalyst. The reaction has a high atom economy, with water as the only byproduct. O-(Dialkylphosphinyl)ketone oximes with 26 examples have been obtained with high yields. Furthermore, the product may be transformed into other molecules, i.e., by reduction.
A 92 Days Run of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bipin Chalattil , Pahuja Sourabh , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Hadda Vijay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is an established life-saving procedure for severe acute respiratory failure due to various causes. In general, the duration of ECMO ranges from 1 to 2 weeks, with withdrawal recommended if no improvement is noted. We report a case of respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following influenza A infection, supported with a long ECMO run and the lessons learned from this experience.
Case Report A 40-year-old female weighing 120 kg with pneumonia following H1N1 influenza was transferred to our hospital on mechanical ventilation for worsening respiratory distress. On admission, she presented with bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray and severe hypoxemia with a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen concentration ratio (PaO2/FiO2) of 85 at FiO2 of 0.8 on endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Acinetobacter Baumannii was isolated from respiratory secretions; antibiotics were revised as per sensitivity. Her respiratory status further deteriorated over next 96 hours in spite of maximally optimized mechanical ventilation. VV-ECMO was established on 4th day of mechanical ventilation in our hospital. Thereafter, she underwent a prolonged ECMO run with respiratory improvement starting to show some promise only by 86th day of ECMO. Weaning process was initiated gradually. However, on 88th day of ECMO the patient had an episode of seizure followed by low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3T/15). The patient did not recover from the cerebral insult and based on clinical neurological examination including apnea test, brain death was determined within next 48 hours and the ECMO was called off.
Conclusions Prolonged ECMO therapy poses many challenges and might be considered if the primary cause of respiratory failure necessitating ECMO is expected to resolve or a feasibility of lung transplantation is contemplated. Good team dynamics and appropriate counselling to the family are of utmost importance managing the patients on prolonged ECMO.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prenatal Supplement and Medication Use in Low-Risk Pregnant Women
Authors: Vafai Yassaman , Yeung Edwina H. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Smarr Melissa M. , Gerlanc Nicole , Grobman William A. , Skupski Daniel , Chien Edward K. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Newman Roger B. , Wing Deborah A. , Ranzini Angela C. , Sciscione Anthony , Grewal Jagteshwar , Zhang Cuilin , Grantz Katherine L. 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to describe the overall quantity and type of supplements and medications used during pregnancy in a low-risk cohort and to examine any racial/ethnic differences in intake.
Study Design We used data from 2,164 racially/ethnically diverse, nonobese, and low-risk pregnant women participating without pre-pregnancy chronic conditions in a prospective cohort study at 12 sites across the United States. Medication data were self-reported as free text in enrollment, follow-up visit questionnaires, and abstracted from medical records at delivery. Supplements and medications data were mapped to their active ingredients and categorized into corresponding classes using the Slone Drug Dictionary. The total number and classes of supplements and medications consumed during pregnancy were calculated. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the racial/ethnic differences in supplements and medications intake. All models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic factors and study site.
Results 98% of women took at least one supplement during pregnancy, with prenatal vitamins/multivitamins being most common. While only 31% reported taking no medications during pregnancy, 23% took one, 18% took two, and 28% took three or more. The percentage of women taking at least one medication during pregnancy was highest among non-Hispanic white women and lowest among Asians (84 vs. 55%, p < 0.001). All racial/ethnic groups reported taking the same top four medication classes including central nervous system agents, gastrointestinal drugs, anti-infective agents, and antihistamines. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, Hispanic (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.98), and Asian women (aRR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98) were less likely to take central nervous system agents, as well as gastrointestinal drugs (Hispanics aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94; Asians aRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.90), and antihistamines (Hispanics aRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.92).
Conclusion Supplement intake was nearly universal. Medication use was also common among this low-risk pregnancy cohort and differed by race/ethnicity.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00912132.
Key Points
Prevalence and Utilization of Obturator Artery Anatomic Variant in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Muñoz Katherine D. Reuter , Powers Jeremy M. , Zhang Shuhao , Kale Santosh S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to quantify the prevalence and describe the utilization of an anatomic vascular variant in which the obturator artery (OA) arises from the trunk of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) in stacked/dual-pedicled autologous breast reconstruction. When this variant is identified preoperatively on computed tomography angiography (CTA), it may be utilized in a “flow-through” fashion to direct antegrade internal mammary artery (IMA) flow into a second free flap to facilitate anastomotic arrangement and optimize perfusion.
Methods Preoperatively obtained abdomen/pelvis CTA imaging of 121 autologous breast reconstruction patients were retrospectively reviewed for the unilateral or bilateral presence of the OA branch arising from the DIEA (OA variant). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results Our analysis revealed the presence of the OA variant in 60 of the 121 (49.6%) breast reconstruction candidates, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Out of these patients, the variant was present unilaterally in 33 (55%) and bilaterally in 27 (45%) patients. Of the unilateral variants, 12 (36.4%) patients demonstrated right-sided laterality, while 21 (63.6%) patients demonstrated left-sided laterality. Clinically, this anatomic variant has been utilized in several cases of autologous breast reconstruction with flap survival in all cases.
Conclusion Utilization of this anatomic variant in stacked or dual-pedicled autologous breast reconstruction results in antegrade IMA perfusion of both primary and secondary flaps, as well as improved size match compared with other anastomotic options. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy and variations in the inferior epigastric system is crucial to both preventing complications and optimizing flap planning and outcome.
Rates of Cesarean Conversion and Associated Predictors and Outcomes in Planned Vaginal Twin Deliveries
Authors: Mei Jenny Y. , Muñoz Hector E. , Kim Jessica S. , Szlachta-McGinn Alec , Blat Cinthia , Rao Rashmi , Han Christina S. , Irani Roxanna A. , Afshar Yalda 
Published: October 2020

Objective Twin vaginal deliveries (VDs) are often performed in the operating room (OR) given the risk of conversion to cesarean delivery (CD) for the aftercoming twin. We aim to investigate the rates of conversion to CD for planned twin VDs and identify predictors and outcomes of conversion.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent a planned twin VD at two large academic medical centers over 4 years. Demographic and outcome data were chart abstracted. Various statistical tests were used to evaluate the influence of perinatal variables on mode of delivery and identify possible predictors of conversion.
Results Eight hundred and eighty-five twin deliveries were identified, of which 725 (81.9%) were possible candidates for VD. Of those, 237 (32.7%) underwent successful VD of twin A. Ninety-five (40.1%) had a nonvertex second twin at time of delivery. Conversion to CD occurred in 10 planned VDs (4.2%). Conversions were higher with spontaneous labor (relative risk [RR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–2.7; p = 0.003), and having an intertwin delivery interval greater than 60 minutes (RR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.5–10.8; p < 0.001). Nonvertex presentation of twin B, type of delivery provider, or years out in practice of delivery provider were not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes between VD and conversion groups. There was a significant association between use of forceps for twin B and successful VD (p = 0.02), with 84.6% in the setting of a nonvertex twin B.
Conclusion Successful VD was achieved in planned VD of twins in 95.8% of cases, and there were no significant differences in maternal and fetal outcomes between successful VD and conversion to CD for twin B. With the optimal clinical scenario and shared decision-making, performing vaginal twin deliveries in labor and delivery rooms should be discussed.
Key Points
The Use of Sequential Integrated Screening to Stratify Risk in Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Miller Edward , Blat Cinthia , Gosnell Kristen , Gonzalez Juan , Ghaffari Neda 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to identify differences in sequential integrated screening and early ultrasound markers in monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and unequal placental sharing (UPS).
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of MC/DA pregnancies evaluated between January 2012 and July 2017 at the University of California San Francisco. MC/DA pregnancies with ultrasound surveillance up to 26 weeks who participated in the California Prenatal Screening Program (CPSP) were included. Pregnancies with structural or genetic anomalies were excluded. UPS was defined as an intertwin growth discordance ≥20%. Intertwin nuchal translucency (NT) discordance was calculated by the absolute value of the difference of the NT of cotwins. Kruskal–Wallis or ANOVA testing was performed where appropriate, and negative binomial regression models were chosen to test for differences in mean biomarker levels by outcome group.
Results A total of 191 MC/DA pregnancies were included; 85 were affected by TTTS, 35 by UPS, and 71 controls. Significant differences in intertwin NT discordance in pregnancies complicated by TTTS and UPS compared with controls (p = 0.007) were found. TTTS cases had a mean NT discordance greater than two times that of controls (p = 0.04), while UPS cases had a value more than three times greater (p = 0.003). There was a statistically significant difference in mean second trimester human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) between the cohorts (p = 0.0002) with TTTS cases having a mean second trimester hCG value 1.5 greater than both controls (p < 0.001) and UPS cases (p = 0.001). Analysis showed a significant difference in mean second trimester inhibin between the three cohorts (p = 0.029). Pregnancies complicated by UPS had a mean second trimester inhibin 1.5 times greater than controls (p = 0.010).
Conclusion Our study shows that there are unique differences in early ultrasound and sequential integrated serum markers between MC/DA gestations complicated by TTTS and UPS versus those unaffected.
Key Points
Retrospective Diagnosis of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 1B in a Family with Two Deceased Newborn Children
Authors: Bradinova Irena , Andonova Silvia , Savov Alexey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B is a severe autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by a combination of cerebellar and spinal motor neuron degeneration beginning at birth. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B is caused by mutations in EXOSC3 gene. High prevalence of the p.Gly31Ala mutation was found recently, especially in the Roma ethnic minority. We present a young Bulgarian Roma family with two deceased newborn children manifesting severe neuromuscular disorder including severe muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and multiple joint contractures. Based on the clinical signs and family's population characteristics, DNA testing for the previously described EXOSC3 in Bulgarian Roma mutation c.92G > C; p.Gly31Ala was performed on blood samples of both parents and they were found to be heterozygous carriers. This finding indirectly confirmed the diagnosis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type B in the deceased offspring. Knowledge of population-specific molecular bases of genetic conditions was the key to final diagnosis in the presented family. Designing of population-based clinical-genetic panels may be a powerful diagnostic tool for patients with such origin. Preconception carrier screening in high-risk population groups is a feasible option to discuss.
A Treatable Cause of Myelopathy: Biotinidase Deficiency Presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Kerur Chetan , Vamyanmane Dhananjaya K. , Kumar Pragalatha , Nagarajappa Vani H. , Shivappa Sanjay K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiotinidase deficiency (BD) is a rare treatable cause of neurometabolic disorders. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests with cutaneous and neurological manifestations. Spinal cord involvement is uncommon with only a few cases reported in the literature. A 6-year-old female child presented with progressive difficulty in walking since 2 months. At 6 months of age, the child was elsewhere evaluated for global developmental delay and suspected as metabolic disorders and started on megavitamins, following which the child was improved. For the past 2 years, she has stopped medicines. On examination, irritable, alopecia, eczema, hypotonia, and power of two-fifths in all four limbs, and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and spine showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal midbrain, pons, medulla, and cervical cord. She was suspected to have BD and confirmed by low enzyme levels and pathogenic variant in BTD. She was started on biotin supplements that resulted clinically dramatic improvement and MRI became normal within 4 weeks. Any child presenting with acute flaccid paralysis with brainstem and spinal cord noncompressive lesions on MRI, rare treatable conditions like BD should be considered in developing countries, like India, where still no universal newborn screening facilities are available.