bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of pregravid liver enzyme levels on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Woo Jeng , Chung Yoohyun , Park Jihyun , Park Jae‐Young , Han Kyungdo , Park Yonggyu , Park In Yang , Ko Hyun Sun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsElevated liver enzymes are associated with later development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess the association between prepregnancy liver enzyme levels and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsData from a total of 236,109 women who participated in the National Health Screening Examination between 2011 and 2015 was analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to pregravid liver enzyme levels. Subgroup analyses were performed according to pregravid obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS).ResultsApproximately 5.7% and 1.1% of women developed gestational diabetes mellitus with and without insulin treatment requirement respectively. Pregravid gamma‐glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase levels with greater than or equal to the 4th quartile were associated with significantly increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment in women with obesity and with MetS, (odds ratios [ORs] with 6.228 and 9.505, respectively, P < .001 for both). In women without obesity and without MetS, the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment were also significant (ORs with 2.837 and 3.029, respectively, P < .001 for both). The elevated pregravid liver enzymes were associated with gestational diabetes mellitus without insulin treatment requirement, but minimally.Conclusions/interpretationThe elevated pregravid liver enzyme levels were significantly associated with the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, especially gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment, not only in women with obesity or MetS, but also in women without obesity or MetS.
A pseudo‐outbreak of Rhinocladiella similis in a bronchoscopy unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in London, United Kingdom
Authors: Abdolrasouli Alireza , Gibani Malick M. , de Groot Theun , Borman Andrew M. , Hoffman Peter , Azadian Berge S. , Mughal Nabeela , Moore Luke S.P. , Johnson Elizabeth M. , Meis Jacques F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOutbreaks of fungal infections due to emerging and rare species are increasingly reported in healthcare settings. We investigated a pseudo‐outbreak of Rhinocladiella similis in a bronchoscopy unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in London, UK. We aimed to determine route of healthcare‐associated transmission and prevent additional infections. From July 2018 through February 2019, we detected a pseudo‐outbreak of R. similis isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples collected from nine patients who had undergone bronchoscopy in a multispecialty teaching hospital, during a period of 8 months. Isolates were identified by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by EUCAST broth microdilution. To determine genetic relatedness among R. similis isolates, we undertook amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. To determine the potential source of contamination, an epidemiological investigation was carried out. We reviewed patient records retrospectively and audited steps taken during bronchoscopy as well as the subsequent cleaning and decontamination procedures. Fungal cultures were performed on samples collected from bronchoscopes and automated endoscope washer‐disinfector systems. No patient was found to have an infection due to R. similis either before or after bronchoscopy. One bronchoscope was identified to be used among all affected patients with positive fungal cultures. Physical damage was found in the index bronchoscope; however, no fungus was recovered after sampling of the affected scope or the rinse water of automated endoscope washer‐disinfectors. Use of the scope was halted, and, during the following 12‐month period, Rhinocladiella species were not isolated from any BAL specimen. All pseudo‐outbreak isolates were identified as R. similis with high genetic relatedness (>90% similarity) on ALFP analysis. The study emphasises the emergence of a rare and uncommon black yeast R. similis, with reduced susceptibility to echinocandins, in a bronchoscope‐related pseudo‐outbreak with a potential water‐related reservoir. Our findings highlight the importance of prolonged fungal culture and species‐level identification of melanised yeasts isolated from bronchoscopy samples. Possibility of healthcare‐associated transmission should be considered when R. similis is involved in clinical microbiology samples.
Botanical ingredients: Intakes, regulations, risks and attitudes
Authors: McDaid B. , Woodside J. V. , Neville C. E. , Nugent A. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBotanical ingredients have been used for centuries in food and in medicines, typically to support and maintain physiological functions and as remedies for many ailments. Today, botanical ingredients are still ingested as part of food supplements or herbal medicines (HM). Industry reports suggest growing global sales of and revenue from HM and food supplements containing botanicals, hereafter called botanical food supplements (BFS). In the context of this suggested growing popularity, this article will introduce both BFS and HM and then explore the available data on BFS intakes and consumer attitudes to their use. It will describe the EU regulatory framework within which BFS sit and mention research suggesting possible interactions between botanical ingredients, HM and traditional medicines. It is intended as a brief overview rather than a comprehensive review of the area.
Oil pulling to relieve medication‐induced xerostomia: A randomized, single‐blind, crossover trial
Authors: Ludwar Lena , Mannel Hilke , Hamacher Stefanie , Noack Michael Johannes , Barbe Anna Greta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the subjective effectiveness of oilpulling on medication‐induced xerostomia with regard to symptom relief, quality of life, taste, mucosal moisture and oral parameters.Materials and MethodsIn a randomized, single‐blind, crossover trial in participants with medication‐induced xerostomia (n = 26; mean age 64.71 (standard deviation (SD) 15.60) years), we investigated oilpulling efficacy (sunflower oil) versus mineral water after one‐week use. Xerostomic burden (visual analogue scale, VAS), symptom relief and oral examinations (gingivitis index, plaque index, whole stimulated and unstimulated salivation rates) were investigated at baseline and the end of the follow‐up.ResultsOilpulling reduced the xerostomic burden (baseline value 6.46 (SD 1.80), decreasing to 4.93 (SD 2.97)) (p = .003), without difference between oil versus water (p = .067). Baseline values for water were 6.08 (SD 2.17) decreasing to 5.72 (SD 2.17) (p = .124). Compared to water, oil made swallowing easier (p = .031), caused a pleasant mouthfeel (p = .031) and caused less waking up at night (p = .031). Effectiveness (p = .002) and duration (p = .007) of symptom relief showed differences between products in favour of oil.ConclusionsOil pulling alleviated the overall xerostomic burden. In the comparison between oil and water, no difference regarding symptom relief could be shown. Patients should be informed of possibilities and limitations of oilpulling as inexpensive and easy‐to‐obtain alternative to commercially available products for short‐term symptom relief.
The intracellular ROS accumulation in elicitor‐induced immunity requires the multiple organelle‐targeted Arabidopsis NPK1‐related protein kinases
Authors: Marti Lucia , Savatin Daniel‐Valentin , Gigli‐Bisceglia Nora , de Turris Valeria , Cervone Felice , De Lorenzo Giulia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecognition at the plasma membrane of danger signals (elicitors) belonging to the classes of the microbe/pathogen‐ and damage‐associated molecular patterns is a key event in pathogen sensing by plants and is associated with a rapid activation of immune responses. Different cellular compartments, including plasma membrane, chloroplasts, nuclei and mitochondria, are involved in the immune cellular program. However, how pathogen sensing is transmitted throughout the cell remains largely to be uncovered. Arabidopsis NPK1‐related Proteins (ANPs) are mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinases previously shown to have a role in immunity. In this article, we studied the in vivo intracellular dynamics of ANP1‐ and ANP3‐GFP fusions and found that under basal physiological conditions both proteins are present in the cytosol, while ANP3 is also localized in mitochondria. After elicitor perception, both proteins are present also in the plastids and nuclei, revealing a localization pattern that is so far unique. The N‐terminal region of the protein kinases is responsible for their localization in mitochondria and plastids. Moreover, we found that the localization of ANPs coincides with the sites of elicitor‐induced ROS accumulation and that plants lacking ANP function do not accumulate intracellular ROS.
Social anxiety tendency and autism spectrum disorder in Japanese adolescence
Authors: Minami Kazuya , Horikawa Etsuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Japanese high schools, understanding of school non‐attendance and students with developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is gradually improving. On the other hand, few people recognize social anxiety disorder (SAD), the onset of which commences during youth. Social anxiety disorder and ASD share various overlapping characteristics but have different diagnostic criteria. The anxiety caused by these disorders sometimes appears as school non‐attendance. This study examines the relationship between SAD, ASD, and history of school non‐attendance in high school students.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight students at one Japanese high school that accepts school non‐ attending students were investigated. To understand the features of ASD and how it relates to SAD tendencies, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale – Japanese (LSAS‐J) and Autism‐Spectrum Quotient – Japanese (AQ‐J) were used. Based on the LSAS‐J cutoff point, participants were divided into high and low anxiety groups and then data were compared between the two groups. Potential factors associated with a high‐SAD trend were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe results showed that students with high ASD scores were more likely to have SAD and that a lack of "social skill," a subscale of ASD, was closely associated with a social anxiety trend. However, the relationship between school non‐attendance and social anxiety could not be confirmed.ConclusionsFocusing on the lack of social skills in ASD may provide an opportunity to identify students with high SAD tendencies. This study will contribute to the understanding of high school students with high SAD tendencies in Japan.
Time is of the essence: A single‐center experience of hepatic arterial supply impairment management in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Gautier Sergey , Monakhov Artem , Tsiroulnikova Olga , Mironkov Boris , Voskanov Mikhail , Dzhanbekov Timur , Azoev Elkhan , Khizroev Khizri , Dzhiner Deniz , Pashkova Irina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpairment of hepatic arterial flow including hepatic arterial thrombosis (HAT), hepatic arterial stenosis (HAS), and splenic artery steal syndrome (SASS) is potentially life‐threatening complications. The proposed early diagnosis and urgent treatment strategy of graft arterial flow reduction aim to decrease morbidity and mortality.MethodsPediatric patients with known hepatic arterial flow impairment were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped by occlusive (HAT) and non‐occlusive (HAS/SASS) arterial flow reduction. Patients with HAT were further divided in two groups based on the estimated maximal hepatic artery occlusion time ≤8 and >8 hours.ResultsImpairment of hepatic arterial flow developed in 32 of 416 pediatric liver transplant recipients. HAT, HAS, and SASS incidences were 4.1% (n = 17), 2.2% (n = 9), and 1.4% (n = 6), respectively. Neither graft loss nor death occurred in the non‐occlusive group. The probabilities of sepsis (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.14‐2.53; P=.008) and graft loss or death (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.92; P=.046) were higher in the occlusive group. Patients with estimated maximal duration of hepatic artery occlusion ≤ 8 hours (n = 7; 41.2%) did not have ischemic‐type biliary lesions and sepsis (P=.044 and 0.010, respectively) but had excellent 3‐year graft survival compared with > 8 hours group (100% vs 40%; P=.037). Multivariate analysis revealed HAT manifestation by fever was associated with increased chances of graft loss or death.ConclusionOcclusive arterial complications impose higher risks of graft loss and death. Thorough arterial supply monitoring by Doppler ultrasonography and urgent endovascular arterial flow restoration may salvage both graft and the recipient.
The Family Farming Culture of Dairy Farmers: A Case‐Study of the Illawarra Region, New South Wales
Authors: Hu Ren , Gill Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince the 1980s, many parts of rural Australia have experienced persistent financial difficulties. However, there is a lack of account on how farmers have improved business performance while maintaining traditional farming culture. By focusing on dairy farmers in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, Australia, this study examines the evolution of family farming culture under global agricultural change. Dairy farming dominates Illawarra agriculture, and has been constantly pressured by neoliberal policy reform and adverse market conditions. This study draws on public data, semi‐structured interviews, and participant observation. In recent decades, dairy farming has shown a trend of declining farm numbers. A long‐standing culture of family farming has existed in the Illawarra and continues to shape farmers’ lifestyle and business. Farmer interviewees shared this culture, and continued farming partly for non‐economic reasons. However, under economic pressures farmers both compromised some elements of this traditional farming culture, and drew on the strategic value of other elements.
In Search of Spatial Perceptions: The Balkans as A Vernacular Region
Authors: Pleić Tvrtko , Glasnović Vedran , Prelogović Vedran , Radeljak Kaufmann Petra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Balkans are still an imprecisely defined and relatively unknown area in southeastern Europe. They are a historical‐political term, often provoking negative associations that are synonymous with underdevelopment, backwardness, and primitiveness. This research is aimed primarily at exploring how the Balkans are perceived by students of geography in Zagreb and Maribor and what associations they provoke. It further seeks to investigate whether the Balkans are primarily a cognitive construct that is spatially determined on an individual level, based on an individual’s own insights, attitudes, values, and other determinants. Therefore, a questionnaire survey regarding perceptions of the Balkans was conducted. The results indicate that the Balkans can be seen as a sort of vernacular anti‐region: the kind from which states in or near its boundaries attempt to exclude themselves, while simultaneously trying to include their neighbors to the south and east.
Material Impact With Package Solution for 5G RF Application
Authors: Su Po Yuan (James) , Wang Yu Po , Pai Yu Cheng , Lu Ying Wei , Shih Teny , Kang Andrew , Lai David , Jiang Don Son 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
From the fifth-generation (5G) of system architecture evolution, there are more and more demands which require high data rate communication, low latency, and massive connectivity for network data transmission. For millimeter-wave (mm-wave), communications, the antenna size for mobile application is shunk from PCB level to package level, therefore Antenna in Package (AiP) is developed.
Recently, high bandwidth with high performance data rate transmission is the key for 5G and that also can provide the lower latency than current fourth generation. That is the reason can be explained that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) of bandwidth can offer excellent network coverage in the city and the antenna design for 5G wireless telcommcation is getting important. All frequency of signal have to use the networking devices to achieve high speed data transmission requirement. As we known, mm-wave is used for mobile phone of signal transmission, and the material with the package design become really important. The mm-wave performance can be impacted by material with structure design, and DK, DF and package level design will be the material portion to effect the signal performance.
In this paper, material selection, antenna array and package design will be the key for the Antenna in Package (AiP). For antenna design, we need the lower DF, DK, phase array and structure design to help our signal performance which means lowest insertion loss will be the best for signal transmission. We will do the comparsion for the paper discussion for the material, package and beamforming with antenna array design. Finally, this paper will provide the advanced package solution for future application.
Fan-Out MCM Solutions Study for Heterogeneous Integration on Intelligent Computing Application
Authors: Hung Chu-Pao (Otis) , Wang Yu-Po , Chen Steven , Wan Katch 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, semiconductor products have developed rapidly, from desktop computers with basic computing to Internet-connected smartphones, to emerging intelligent and perceived smart system products, such as mass-produced of smart home appliances, smart watches, and under development of smart glasses. The product trend is toward high performance, multi-functional integration, thinner profile and lower cost features. These requirements are interrelated with wafer technology and assembly process development. The advanced wafer technology, such as 5nm / 3nm, will provide higher performance. However, as Moore’s Law is approaching the physical limit, the industry has turned to the development of advanced packaging solution technologies to break through this bottleneck. At present, the industry’s forward-looking packaging platform includes 2.5 D, 3D, Fan-out and SiP modules, etc., which technologies can integrate chiplet, chip stack, passive components as heterogeneous integrated packaging solutions.
Fan-Out MCM Platform has integrative characteristics for homogeneous / heterogeneous wafers and passives, lower cost and lower profile advantage than 2.5D, also provided comparable performance to 2.5D by proper RDL / Substrate layout design. In addition, in order to meet the high-performance characteristics of products, toward developing multi-layer RDL layers (more than 3 layers). This article will plan a series of multi-RDL layers sample tests, RDL sample build of line width/line space of 1/1um and introduce the related process challenge, microstructure data.
Experimental Validation and Design Simulations of a Passive Two-Phase Cooling System for Datacenters
Authors: Marcinichen Jackson B. , Thome John R. , Amalfi Raffaele L. , Cataldo Filippo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thermosyphon cooling systems represent the future of datacenter cooling, and electronics cooling in general, as they provide high thermal performance, reliability and energy efficiency, as well as capture the heat at high temperatures suitable for many heat reuse applications. On the other hand, the design of passive two-phase thermosyphons is extremely challenging because of the complex physics involved in the boiling and condensation processes; in particular, the most important challenge is to accurately predict the flow rate in the thermosyphon and thus the thermal performance. This paper presents an experimental validation to assess the predictive capabilities of JJ Cooling Innovation’s thermosyphon simulator against one independent data set that includes a wide range of operating conditions and system sizes, i.e. thermosyphon data for server-level cooling gathered at Nokia Bell Labs. Comparison between test data and simulated results show good agreement, confirming that the simulator accurately predicts heat transfer performance and pressure drops in each individual component of a thermosyphon cooling system (cold plate, riser, evaporator, downcomer (with no fitting parameters), and eventually a liquid accumulator) coupled with operational characteristics and flow regimes. In addition, the simulator is able to design a single loop thermosyphon (e.g. for cooling a single server’s processor), as shown in this study, but also able to model more complex cooling architectures, where many thermosyphons at server-level and rack-level have to operate in parallel (e.g. for cooling an entire server rack). This task will be performed as future work.
High Performance Computing Package With Chip Module on Substrate Solutions
Authors: Chen Ching Chia , Lai David , Lin Vito , Wang Yu Po 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With die size increasing and bump pitch decreasing on FCBGA (flip chip ball grid array), warpage is the first challenge that processes of package assembly and SMT (surface mount technology) will have. The main factor is CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) mismatch between chip and substrate. The larger die size, the more significant elongation difference which could cause warpage. Furthermore, serious warpage can cause manufacture difficulties, such as bump bridge, bump non-wet and underfill (UF) void. As the result, in order to control package warpage, additional force, such as high modulus UF or metal heat sink are usually applied to restrict package deformation. However, the more additional force is applied, the more stress may be transferred to chip and causes chip corner or UF crack where easily cause stress concentration.
In this paper, large package &gt; 70 * 70 mm is studied for the challenges of on substrate process and reliability, meanwhile simulation is performed for stress prediction. In addition, possible solutions from material and process are discussed and studied.