bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
À quoi riment les « RIM » ? Les réunions interministérielles ou l’ordinaire du travail gouvernemental
Authors: Dulong Delphine , France Pierre , Le Mazier Julie 
Published: February 2020

Les réunions interministérielles dites « RIM » constituent l’ordinaire du travail de coordination interministériel. Pourtant, leur fonctionnement et déroulement concrets, unanimement décriés, font figure de boîte noire dans la sociologie de l’action publique. À partir d’une enquête par entretiens avec d’anciens conseillers ministériels et des hauts fonctionnaires, adossée à une enquête prosopographique sur les membres de cabinets des gouvernements Ayrault et Valls I, cet article propose de les étudier dans la perspective d’une sociologie compréhensive. Celle-ci conduit à nuancer l’idée communément admise selon laquelle « il ne se passe rien » en RIM. En effet, par-delà la ritualisation des échanges, les conseillers y jouent pour partie leur réputation et leur avenir professionnel. Les savoir-faire réputés nécessaires pour « gagner » ne sont toutefois pas à la portée de tous les conseillers et favorisent ceux qui disposent d’un capital bureaucratique.
La coordination du travail législatif : pour ouvrir (enfin) la boîte noire parlementaire
Authors: Bloquet Claire , Lecomte Damien 
Published: February 2020

La science politique tend à sous-étudier le travail de coordination législative qui a lieu entre gouvernement et Parlement, laissant le « fait majoritaire » expliquer en lui-même les décisions prises. Pourtant, ce « fait majoritaire » ne dispense pas l’exécutif de tout un travail politique pour obtenir la discipline de la majorité parlementaire : il est donc important d’ouvrir la « boîte noire » du Parlement et de ses interactions avec le Gouvernement. En raison de la coupure organique entre les deux institutions, la coordination du travail législatif nécessite des espaces de coopération initialement informels, dont les rôles se sont progressivement institutionnalisés : on présentera notamment les petits-déjeuners de la majorité, le portefeuille ministériel des Relations avec le Parlement ou les conseillers parlementaires au sein des cabinets ministériels, dans le but de donner des pistes de recherches sur un aspect du processus législatif trop souvent laissé dans l’ombre.
Healthy Work Environments, Nurse-Physician Communication, and Patients’ Outcomes
Authors: Manojlovich Milisa , DeCicco Barry 
Published: February 2020

Background Adverse events and serious errors are common in critical care. Although factors in the work environment are important predictors of adverse outcomes for patients, communication between nurses and physicians may be the most significant factor associated with excess hospital mortality in critical care settings.
Objectives To examine the relationships between nurses’ perceptions of their practice environment, nurse-physician communication, and selected patients’ outcomes.
Methods A nonexperimental, descriptive design was used, and all nurses (N=866) working in 25 intensive care units in southeastern Michigan were surveyed. The Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used to measure characteristics of the work environment; the ICU Nurse-Physician Questionnaire was used to measure nurse-physician communication. Nurses self-rated the frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related sepsis, and medication errors in patients under their care.
Results A total of 462 nurses (53%) responded. According to multilevel modeling, both practice environment scales accounted for 47% of the variance in nurse-physician communication scores (P=.001). Nurse-physician communication was predictive of nurse-assessed medication errors only (R2=0.11). Neither environment scale was predictive of any of the patient outcomes.
Conclusions Healthy work environments are important for nurse-physician communication. In intensive care units, characteristics of the work environment did not vary enough to be significantly predictive of outcomes, suggesting that even in various types of critical care units, characteristics of the work environment may be more similar than different.
Cutting Edge: Antitumor Immunity by Pathogen-Specific CD8 T Cells in the Absence of Cognate Antigen Recognition
Authors: Danahy Derek B. , Berton Roger R. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cancer prognosis often correlates with the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells, but many of these cells recognize pathogens that commonly infect humans. The contribution of pathogen-specific “bystander” CD8 T cells to antitumor immunity remains largely unknown. Inflammatory cytokines are sufficient for memory CD8 T cell activation and gain of effector functions, indicating tumor-derived inflammation could facilitate pathogen-specific CD8 T cells to participate in tumor control. In this study, we show in contrast to tumor-specific CD8 T cells that pathogen-specific primary memory CD8 T cells inside tumor were not able to exert their effector functions and influence tumor progression. However, infection-induced memory CD8 T cells with defined history of repeated Ag encounters (i.e., quaternary memory) showed increased sensitivity to tumor-derived inflammation that resulted in activation, gain of effector functions, and better control of tumor growth. Thus, memory CD8 T cells with heightened ability to recognize environmental inflammatory stimuli can contribute to antitumor immunity in the absence of cognate Ag recognition.
Identifying Aspiration Among Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Through Occupational Therapy Feeding Evaluations
Authors: Bowman O. Jayne , Hagan Joseph L. , Toruno Rose Marie , Wiggin Mitzi M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportance: When a neonate’s sucking, swallowing, and breathing are disorganized, oropharyngeal aspiration often occurs and results in illness, developmental problems, and even death. Occupational therapists who work in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) need to identify neonates who are at risk for aspirating so they can provide appropriate treatment.Objective: To ascertain whether client factors and performance skills of infants ages 0–6 mo during occupational therapy feeding evaluations are related to results of videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs).Design: Retrospective chart reviews.Setting: 187-bed NICU in a nonprofit teaching hospital.Participants: A purposive sample of 334 infants ages 0–6 mo, ≥33 wk gestational age at birth, admitted to a Level II, III, or IV NICU as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics.Outcomes and Measures: Neonates were administered a feeding evaluation by an occupational therapist and a VFSS by a speech-language pathologist, which yielded information about client factors and performance skills.Results: Signs and symptoms of aspiration on the evaluations were significantly associated with VFSS results. Of 310 patients, 79 had silent aspiration. Of 55 infants who demonstrated no aspiration symptoms during the feeding evaluation, 45% demonstrated aspiration symptoms on the VFSS, and 55% aspirated on the VFSS but demonstrated no symptoms of aspiration.Conclusions and Relevance: Aspiration among infants occurs inconsistently and depends on client factors, contexts, and environments. Occupational therapists are encouraged to assess an infant’s feeding over several sessions to obtain a more accurate picture of the infant’s feeding status.What This Article Adds: This study provides information that helps occupational therapists identify infants at risk for aspiration and make optimal recommendations regarding safe feeding practices and appropriate referrals for a VFSS. Making appropriate referrals for VFSS is also important in preventing unnecessary exposure to radiation for preterm infants.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography in pulmonary nodules: a prospective study
Authors: Can Tuba Selcuk , Uzan Gulfidan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeComputed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the mainstay imaging methods in the evaluation and follow-up of pulmonary nodules. But they both have high radiation risk for patients. Diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), on the other hand, is a radiation free imaging method that gives information about the biological structure of tissues at the molecular level by measuring random movement of water in biological tissues. In this prospective study we aimed to compare the computed tomography characteristics of the nodules in terms of malignancy and to compare the accuracy of DW-MRI and PET/CT results in those patients.Material and methodsSeventy-six patients suspicious for lung cancer on thorax CT imaging were prospectively further evaluated by thorax diffusion-weighted imaging and PET/CT. Pulmonary lesion characteristics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and maximum standardised uptake values (SUVmax) were compared with histopathological results.ResultsThere was statistically significant moderate negative correlation between PET-SUVmax and ADC values of lung lesions. ADC values below the cut-off was 97.1%, specificity was 97.6%, positive predictive value was 97.1%, and the negative predictive value was 97.6%.ConclusionsDAG-MRI and PET/CT have similar success in the differentiation of benign and malignant lung lesions.
Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound
Authors: Corvino Antonio , De Rosa Dario , Sbordone Carolina , Nunziata Antonio , Corvino Fabio , Varelli Carlo , Catalano Orlando 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe aim of our study was to categorise the anatomical variations of rectus abdominis muscle diastasis (dia­stasis recti) by using ultrasound (US).Material and methodsIn a one-year period 92 women were evaluated with US because of suspected diastasis of rectus muscles. Patients were examined in a supine position, with head extended, upper limbs aligned to the trunk, and knees flexed. US was performed with high-frequency, broad-band transducers. Trapezoid field-of-view and extended field-of-view were employed to measure diastasis exceeding 5 cm. Diastasis was defined as a margin-to-margin distance > 20 mm at rest and classified according to the following anatomical patterns: open only above the navel, open only below the navel, open at the navel level, open completely but wider above the navel, and open completely but wider below the navel.ResultsDiastasis was found in 82 patients (30-61 years old, mean age 35 years). The width was 21-97 mm, mean 39 mm. The prevalence and severity of the anatomical patterns was as follows: open only above the navel in 48 patients (21-88 mm, mean 40 mm), open only below the navel in one patient (33 mm), open at the navel level in seven patients (23-39 mm, mean 34 mm), open completely but wider above the navel in 24 patients (21-97 mm, mean 41 mm), open completely but wider below the navel in two patients (21-29 mm, mean 25 mm).ConclusionsThe above-navel patterns of recti muscle diastasis are the most common. Even when open completely, diastasis is usually wider above the navel. Knowledge of the anatomical type of rectus muscle diastasis could be of value to the patient (exercises to do and to avoid) and to the surgeon (abdominoplasty planning).
Ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Zakrzewski Jakub , Zakrzewska Katarzyna , Pluta Katarzyna , Nowak Oleg , Miłoszewska-Paluch Anna 
Published: February 2020

Peripheral neuropathy is associated with an increase in intraneural pressure, and hence ultrasound elastography seems to be an ideal method to detect early stages of this condition based on changes in the affected nerve stiffness. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the applicability of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in patients with neuropathy of various aetiologies. Published evidence shows clearly that ultrasound elastography can accurately diagnose many types of peripheral neuropathies (carpal tunnel syndrome and other entrapment neuropathies, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and peripheral neuropathy associated with other systemic diseases), sometimes at the stages at which the condition is still asymptomatic. However, it is still unclear whether elastographic changes within the nerves precede functional anomalies detectable on nerve conduction studies. Also, relatively little is known about the relationship between the stiffness of peripheral nerves and the severity of peripheral neuropathy and its underlying condition. Based on the reproducibility data, SWE seems to be superior to SE. Nevertheless, the sources of heterogeneity in the peripheral nerve stiffness in healthy persons need to be identified, and the sets of reference values for specific peripheral nerves need to be determined. Finally, the potential confounding effect of hardening artefacts, such as bones, on the stiffness of peripheral nerves needs to be verified. After addressing all these issues, elastographic evaluation of peripheral nerve stiffness might become a reliable, easily accessible, and convenient diagnostic test performed routinely in patients with various peripheral neuropathies.
Detection of land-surface-induced atmospheric water vapor patterns
Authors: Marke Tobias , Löhnert Ulrich , Schemann Vera , Schween Jan H. , Crewell Susanne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Finding observational evidence of land surface and atmosphere interactions is crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the boundary layer, as well as for model evaluation, and in particular for large-eddy simulation (LES) models. In this study, the influence of a heterogeneous land surface on the spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor is assessed. Ground-based remote sensing measurements from a scanning microwave radiometer (MWR) are used in a long-term study over 6 years to characterize spatial heterogeneities in integrated water vapor (IWV) during clear-sky conditions at the Jülich ObservatorY for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE). The resulting deviations from the mean of the scans reveal a season- and direction-dependent IWV that is visible throughout the day. Comparisons with a satellite-derived spatial IWV distribution show good agreement for a selection of satellite overpasses during convective situations but no clear seasonal signal. With the help of a land use type classification and information on the topography, the main types of regions with a positive IWV deviation were determined to be agricultural fields and nearby open pit mines. Negative deviations occurred mainly above elevated forests and urban areas. In addition, high-resolution large-eddy simulations (LESs) are used to investigate changes in the water vapor and cloud fields for an altered land use input.
Nature of the Mantle Beneath the Argyle AK1 Lamproite Pipe: Constraints from Mantle Xenoliths, Diamonds, and Lamproite Geochemistry
Authors: Jaques A. L. , Luguet A. , Smith C. B. , Pearson D. G. , Yaxley G. M. , Kobussen A. F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The richly diamondiferous ~1180 Ma Argyle AK1 lamproite pipe at the margin of the Kimberley craton of Western Australia is underlain by a depleted Archean lithospheric root composed mostly of garnet-poor lherzolite. Peridotite xenoliths (some diamondiferous) define a cratonic paleogeotherm with a ~200-km-thick lithosphere, comparable with estimates from present-day seismic S-wave tomography. The Argyle lamproite is highly enriched in incompatible elements and formed by very small degrees of partial melting under reduced H2O- and HF-rich conditions of depleted lithospheric mantle that had undergone long-term (&gt;2 Ga) geochemical enrichment. Multiple metasomatic and thermal events including episodic formation of diamond have impacted on the lithosphere of the Kimberley craton, both predating and postdating Paleoproterozoic reworking of its margins and amalgamation within the larger North Australian craton. At Argyle, the inventory of older (Archean?) peridotitic diamonds in the craton root was augmented by Proterozoic (1.58 Ga) eclogitic diamonds with distinctive light carbon isotope compositions to generate Argyle’s rich diamond grades.
The Argyle lamproite and other brief episodes of kimberlite, lamprophyre, and lamproite magmatism (some diamondiferous) on the Kimberley craton all bear their own geochemical and isotopic signature, reflecting variable relative contributions from asthenospheric and enriched lithospheric mantle sources. Mantle melting and eruption of small volumes of these diverse magmas may have been triggered by small short-lived thermal perturbations from the asthenosphere and/or tectonic events elsewhere on the Australian continent, triggered by global plate reconfiguration.
The Unique Nature of Argyle Fancy Diamonds: Internal Structure, Paragenesis, and Reasons for Color
Authors: Bulanova Galina P. , Speich Laura , Smith Christopher B. , Gaillou Eloise , Kohn Simon C. , Wibberley Edward , Chapman John G. , Howell Daniel , Davy Andy T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Argyle lamproite mine is world famous for fancy colored diamonds, ranging from cognac and champagne shades of brown through Cape yellows to rare pink to intense red and even rarer blue stones. The majority of diamonds are type IaAB, displaying platelet degradation and having plastic and brittle deformation, mainly after diamond formation, indicative of high pressure/temperature conditions. The deformation produced optical defects, causing different Argyle diamond colors.
White and brown Argyle diamonds belong to both eclogitic and peridotitic parageneses, but yellow- and pink-colored ones studied here are eclogitic. Nitrogen contents, N aggregation states, and formation temperatures of yellow diamonds are correlated with their internal structure. The strongly deformed and internally brecciated yellow diamonds have low to moderate contents of highly aggregated N and high temperatures of formation. The undeformed yellow diamonds are richer in moderately aggregated N, and their formation temperatures are lower. The intensity of N3, H3, and H4 bands of the photoluminescence spectra of these diamonds is higher in the more deformed crystals.
The pink eclogitic diamonds contain low to moderate N, are highly aggregated, and have high temperatures of formation, but differ from each other in the deformation level recorded by their internal structures. All identified photoluminescence peaks in these pink diamonds are higher in intensity in the strongly deformed crystals.
Geothermometry, based on N contents, aggregation state, age, and temperature relationships of the diamonds, shows that most eclogitic diamonds resided at 1,250° to 1,300°C near the base of the lithospheric mantle, slightly deeper than the peridotitic diamonds. One eclogitic pink diamond contains a two-phase garnetomphacite inclusion reequilibrated from precursor majorite with composition indicative of formation pressure of 9.5 to 10 GPa, equivalent to ~300-km depth, the deepest identified for Argyle diamond formation to date. Internal structures of eclogitic diamonds reflect evidence of their formation under stress in a subduction zone setting.
Diamonds from the Atri South Pipe, Bunder Lamproite Field, India, and Implications for the Nature of the Underlying Mantle
Authors: Smith C. B. , Bulanova G. P. , Kobussen A. F. , Burnham A. , Chapman J. G. , Davy A. T. , Sinha K. K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The diamonds sourced from the Mesoproterozoic Atri pipe are white to brown in color and often plastically deformed, with two morphological populations present, octahedra dominant in the finer sizes, and resorbed dodecahedra in the coarser sizes. The color and resorbed shapes have some resemblance to properties of diamonds from the Majhgawan lamproite 80 km to the east-northeast and of the brown, plastically deformed diamonds from the Mesoproterozoic Argyle lamproite pipe in Australia. The diamond infrared spectra indicate low to moderate nitrogen content and IaA to IaAB aggregation and show occasional spikes related to hydrogen and carbonate presence, which suggests diamond formation through cooling of hydrous fluids that contain both CH4 and CO2. Platelet peaks are commonly prominent and show regular correlation with the IaB component, unlike the irregular diamonds from Argyle. The diamond inclusions are dominantly peridotitic olivine and Cr-rich magnesiochromite formed from depleted lithospheric mantle at ~150-km depth at an estimated 1,140° to 1,200°C, corresponding to a typical cratonic geotherm equivalent to 40-mW/m2 model surface heat flow. The predominance of harzburgitic-type inclusions and the lack of eclogitic-type indicators in the heavy mineral concentrates suggest that both the diamonds and mantle section sampled by the Atri intrusion are mainly or entirely peridotitic in nature, unlike those of the Argyle lamproite, despite their similar craton-marginal tectonic positions.
Impact of Increasing Comorbidity Burden on Resource Utilization in Patients With Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: London Daniel A. , Cagle Paul J. , Parsons Bradford O. , Galatz Leesa M. , Anthony Shawn G. , Zubizarreta Nicole , Mazumdar Madhu , Poeran Jashvant 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are a common upper extremity fracture in the elderly cohort. An aging and more comorbid cohort, along with recent trends of increased operative intervention, suggests that there could be an increase in resource utilization caring for these patients. We sought to quantify these trends and quantify the impact that comorbidity burden has on resource utilization.

Methods:
Data on 83,975 patients with PHFs were included from the Premier Healthcare Claims database (2006 to 2016) and stratified by Deyo-Charlson index. Multivariable models assessed associations between Deyo-Charlson comorbidities and resource utilization (length and cost of hospitalization, and opioid utilization in oral morphine equivalents [OME]) for five treatment modalities: (1) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), (2) closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF), (3) hemiarthroplasty, (4) reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and (5) nonsurgical treatment (NST). We report a percentage change in resource utilization associated with an increasing comorbidity burden.

Results:
Overall distribution of treatment modalities was (proportion in percent/median length of stay/cost/opioid utilization): ORIF (19.1%/2 days/$11,183/210 OME), CRIF (1.1%/4 days/$11,139/220 OME), hemiarthroplasty (10.7%/3 days/$17,255/275 OME), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (6.4%/3 days/$21,486/230 OME), and NST (62.7%/0 days/$1,269/30 OME). Patients with an increased comorbidity burden showed a pattern of (1) more pronounced relative increases in length of stay among those treated operatively (65.0% for patients with a Deyo-Charlson index >2), whereas (2) increases in cost of hospitalization (60.1%) and opioid utilization (37.0%) were more pronounced in the NST group.

Discussion:
In patients with PHFs, increased comorbidity burden coincides with substantial increases in resource utilization in patients receiving surgical and NSTs. Combined with known increases in operative intervention, trends in increased comorbidity burden may have profound effects on the cohort level and resource utilization for those with PHFs, especially because the use of bundled payment strategies for fractures increases.

Level of Evidence:
Level III