bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengolah Limbah Plastik Berbahan Bakar Biomassa
Authors: Pribadyo Pribadyo 
Published: June 2020

Plastic is a material that is widely used in daily life, because it has advantages such asstrong, lightweight and stable. But the plastic on the market today are synthetic polymers made from petroleum are difficult to decompose in nature. Judging from the nature of the plastic constituent is composed of components of petroleum hydrocarbons, the plastic waste has the potential to be converted into fuel. The technique used to restore the plastic material is by breaking the carbon chains or polymers that become hydrocarbons. The purpose of the design tool processing waste plastics into fuel oil- fired biomass is to design a waste treatment plant in the plastic to produce oil (fuel), making the design drawings of the equipment is planned, determine the materials to be used, make and assemble the apparatus according to the design the planned. In pyrolysis occurs tool decomposition process of organic compounds on the materials. This decomposition caused by the heating process without dealing directly with the air with little oxygen. Waste processing equipment plastic that will be planned to include the design of the combustion chamber, reactor design, pipeline design fence steam, design connecting pipe between the reactor and the pipe fence steam. Extensive volume of reactor tubes obtained then has acquired equipment capacity 4 kg / production.
Pengaruh dari Direct Field Component pada Ruang Akustik dengan menggunakan SEA Model
Authors: Munawir Al , Darsan Herri , Murhaban Murhaban 
Published: June 2020

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a well-known method to analyze the flow of acoustic and vibration energy in a complex structure. This study investigates the application of the corrected SEA model in a non-reverberant acoustic space where the direct field component from the sound source dominates the total sound field rather than a diffuse field in a reverberant space which the classical SEA model assumption is based on. A corrected SEA model is proposed where the direct ﬁeld component in the energy is removed and the power injected in the subsystem considers only the remaining power after the loss at ﬁrst reﬂection. Measurement is conducted a box divided into two rooms separated by a partition with an opening where the condition of reverberant and non-reverberant can conveniently be controlled. In the case of a non-reverberant space where acoustic material was installed inside the wall of the experimental box, the signals are corrected by eliminating the direct ﬁeld component in the measured impulse response. Using the corrected SEA model, comparison of the coupling loss factor (CLF) with the theory shows good agreement.
Kemampukerasan Baja Tahan Karat AISI 304
Authors: Susanto Herdi , Pribadyo Pribadyo , Novizar Rahmad 
Published: June 2020

Baja tahan karat AISI 304 secara umum digunakan pada mesin-mesin konstruksi terapan sederhana seperti poros propeler kapal nelayan, mesin penghancur es, pemeras tebu danlainnya, dikarenakan ketahanan korosifnya yang baik, disisi lain kelemahan AISI 304 pada kondisi lapangan sering mengalami deformasi dan kepatahan dengan putaran yangrelatif tinggi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dapat dilakukan usaha menambah nilai kekerasan permukaan dengan melakukan pengujian Jominy Hardenability. Pengujian Jominy yang dilakukan pada spesimen uji dengan standar ASTM A255-02, dengan laju air pada nozzle 45 liter/menit, pada temperature 8500C dan holding time 15-20 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai awal kekerasan permukaan pada ujung quenching sisi A adalah 187 HB dan pada sisi B adalah 170 HB. Nilai kekerasan permukaan setelah di normalizing pada ujung quenching sisi A adalah 182 HB dan pada sisi B adalah 188 HB. Maka terjadi penurunan kekerasan pada sisi A sebesar 5 HB, dan terjadi peningkatan kekerasan pada sisi B sebesar 18 HB. Setelah di uji Jominy nilai kekerasan pada sisi A adalah 227 HB, dan pada sisi B adalah 223 HB. Pada pengujian jominy terjadi peningkatan kekerasan pada ujung sisi A sebesar 45 HB, dan peningkatan kekerasan pada sisi B sebesar 35 HB. Hasil penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan bahwa AISI 304 sebelum digunakan sebaiknya dilakukan pengerasan permukaan sehingga sifat mekanik bahan menjadi lebih optimal.
Uji Emisi Sepeda Motor Honda Supra X 125 Menggunaan Campuran Bioetanol Dari Limbah Nanas Dan Premium
Authors: Masykur Masykur , Satria Emiliza , Darsan Herri 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui emisi gas buang pada mesin motor Honda Supra X 125 Tahun 2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa deskriptif. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah premium murni (kelompok standart) dan premium yang dicampur dengan bioetanol dengan variasi E2,5, E5, dan E7,5 (kelompok eksperimen). Pengujian dilakukan pada putaran stasioner (1500 rpm), 3000 rpm sampai 8000 rpm dengan interval 500 rpm. Emisi yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah kadar CO, kadar CO2, Kadar O2, HC dan Lambda (λ). Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Motor Bakar Universitas Negeri Padang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pengujian emisi gas buang Sepeda Motor Honda Supra X 125 Tahun 2006 menggunakan bahan bakar campuran bioetanol dari limbah nanas dan premium dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi CO2 menurunkan konsentrasi CO, HC dan O2 dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar premium murni pada putaran stasioner. Bahan bakar E5 merupakan variasi yang paling mereduksi emisi dibandingkan variasi bahan bakar yang lain. Pada putaran stasioner konsentrasi CO hanya 5,46% Vol, dan HC hanya 338 ppm.
ANALISA NPSH KERUSAKAN IMPELLER POMPA CETRIFUGAL CAIRAN CH3OH
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Ibrahim Tayeb , Masykur Masykur 
Published: June 2020

Liquid behavior is always influenced by the environment in the form of temperature and pressure (thermodynamics). This temperature and pressure affect the nature of the change in liquid phase into a mixture of water and steam or vice versa. Pumps that function to drain liquid also have temperature and pressure. If the pressure drops and the temperature stays or rises at the pump, the liquid phase changes to a liquid and vapor mixture phase. This phase change in the pump (suction side) is called the phenomenon capitation. Capitation in the pump will cause erosion of the impellers parts, resulting in decreased performance. This study analyzes the erosion of the casing and impeller at the 040-G01S pump of PT. KMI from the point of phenomenon of capitation. The phenomenon of capitation in pump suction empirically can be known if the required NPSHa value is less or equal to the available NPSHr value or NPSHa ≦ NPSHr. The NPSHa value is affected by the suction pump installation configuration. To find out the cause of erosion on the casing and impeller, it is necessary to calculate the NPSH (Net Positive Section Head) required and those available (manufacturers). The results of this study NPSHa value = 4.75 m and NPSHr value = 5 m) or NPSHa ≦ NPSHr at tank level <45%. So it is necessary to modify the installation of the pump suction side piping.
Rancangan Alat Potong Tahu Tradisional untuk Indutri Rumahan di Kabupaten Nagan Raya
Authors: Susanto Herdi , Yanto Jepri , Wahyudin Wahyudin 
Published: June 2020

Tofu processing by small businesses and small-medium industries in the Nagan Raya district of Aceh province still uses traditional methods, resulting in minimal daily production results, one of the obstacles in the field was found that the lack of tofu production results caused by working tools for cutting tofu still using knives one-eyed (kitchen knife), from the above, in this study, a number of model tools to cut tofu were adapted to suit the needs of the home industry, the stages of research in the study of literature, observation of tofu processing in the home industry, design of three models of tool design and analysis perunit costs and time efficiency assumptions about the performance of the tofu cutting device. Design using software produces three models of tofu cutting tools namely, models I and II with main frame stainless P = 100 cm, L = 100 and T = 5 cm, and model III stainless main frame P = 100 cm, L = 8 cm and T = 5 cm ,. Assumption of tool performance from the three design models with consideration of production costs and cutting speed, then from the results of literature studies and observations of the tofu making process traditionally selected model III which is more in line with the conditions of home industry workers in Nagan Raya district, with the specifications of the Long stainless main frame 100 cm Width 1 cm and Height 5 cm, tofu production capacity with two pieces of 256 pieces and a cutting speed of 150 seconds. Keywords— tofu cutting tools, home industry, analysis perunit costs, cutting speed
SISTEM MEKANIK DAN ELEKTRIK PADA PROTOTIPE ROBOT REHABILITASI KAKI
Authors: Satria Novian Fajar , Ningrum Endah Suryawati , Putra Hernandi Firmansyah 
Published: June 2020

Stroke patients need rehabilitation to repair diseased parts of the body. Patients have limitations on therapists who have limitations and intensity to accompany the patient's rehabilitation process. The development of modern robotics technology provides solutions for independent consultations. This research has made a prototype of a rehabilitation robot with a mechanical design based on the foot rehabilitation movement reference as upper leg movement and lower leg movement. The movement is to bend and straighten the knee, and the movement of lifting and lowering the thigh. Mechanical adjustments to the movements applied make the prototype divided into several parts, namely asking the body, approving the legs and packing the actuator. The leg frame on the prototype has two free joints. The power system legs are built to complement the workings of the prototype and support the user's independent movement effort. The results of system testing that have been applied to this prototype are actuators that serve to assist users, provide user movement and provide additional power PWM motor used. Keywords— Stroke Patients, Rehabilitation Robot, Sistem Power Legs.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI KOLEKTOR SURYA: MODIFIKASI MODEL FIN PIPA KOLEKTOR
Authors: Saputra Maidi , Rizal Rizal , Munawir Al 
Published: June 2020

The use of solar energy in Indonesia is classified as having high potential; it is caused by Indonesia as a country on the equator. The use of solar energy today is widely used in the electricity generation sector and some in water heating and cooling systems. Excessive use of fossil energy will result in uncontrolled air pollution in the years to come. Increasing pollution in the air increases the greenhouse effect, and it causes an increase in acidic substances in the air, distribution of CO2 emissions, and an increase in room temperature. Therefore it is necessary to use energy derived from the sun in various activities aimed at reducing the use of fossil energy and avoiding global warming caused by an increase in the intensity of solar radiation on the surface of the earth. From the results of the study, three types of straight horizontal fin have been developed that can be used in solar collectors. The use and utilization of this fin aim to improve the efficiency of the performance of the solar collector. Kata kunci: Solar Energy, Solar Collector, Intensity of solar radiation, Horizontal Straight Fin, Increased Efficiency.
Stan zachowania kompozycji i drzewostanu w zespole pałacowo-parkowym w Krzesimowie w województwie lubelskim
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyn 
Published: June 2020

Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Krzesimowie zlokalizowany jest we wschodniej części gminy Mełgiew około 20 kilometrów od Świdnika. Obecnie składa się z części rezydencjonalnej – „pałacu na wyspie” i krajobrazowego parku.
Pierwsze wzmianki dotyczące majątku pochodzą z XVI wieku, jednak krajobrazowy park wraz z zachowanymi zabudowaniami powstał w I połowie XIX wieku kiedy to właścicielami dóbr była rodzina Stamirowskich.
W roku 2016 na potrzeby projektu rewaloryzacji zabytkowego założenia przeprowadzona została szczegółowa inwentaryzacja dendrologiczna oraz projekt gospodarki drzewostanem. Dokumentacja została wykonana po raz pierwszy na mapie do celów projektowych i objęła osiem hektarów parku wraz z alejami wyznaczającymi granice zespołu. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki powyższych badań w kontekście stanu zachowania drzewostanu i kompozycji parku.
Ślady idei miasta ogrodu na przykładzie Wożuczyn-Cukrowni
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna 
Published: June 2020

Na początku wieku XX idea miasta ogrodu stworzona przez Ebenezera Howarda (1898) uzyskała rangę nurtu międzynarodowego nie tylko w wymiarze urbanistycznym, ale także i społecznym.
Na grunt Polski pomysł tego typu planowania miast, osiedli i osad został przeszczepiony już w roku 1908, kiedy to po raz pierwszy W. Dobrzyński zapoznał się z założeniami miast ogrodów przedstawionych podczas Międzynarodowego Kongresu Higieny i Demografii w Berlinie.
Na fali popularności idei Howarda w Warszawie i okolicach zaczęły zawiązywać się poszczególne stowarzyszenia miasto ogród: Młociny (1913), Sokolniki (1931), Podkowa Leśna (1933), czy Okęcie (1929). Na tym tle nie dziwi fakt, że osada Wożuczyn projektowana na początku XX wieku przez warszawskiego architekta Tadeusza Zielińskiego utrzymana została według głównych zasad kształtowania miast ogrodów.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stanu zachowania założenia ogrodowego w tej osadzie w świetle zachowanej dokumentacji archiwalnej i przekształceń jakim Wożuczyn-Cukrownia podlegał na przestrzeni ostatnich stu lat.
The modernization of public spaces in problematic residential areas exemplified on selected projects and realizations in the Bronowice district of Lublin
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila , Przesmycka Natalia 
Published: June 2020

Tatary and Bronowice are considered to be the most dangerous and problematic districts of Lublin. The problems are exacerbated by the changing age structure of the residents – “ageing” and a high percentage of the unemployed, caused by the collapse of industry in Lublin after 1989 (URSUS), which was the main sector of employment for the residents of these districts. Apart from the problems typical for all housing estates from the communist era, e.g. lack of parking spaces, there is vandalism, alcoholism and low material status of the residents.
The development of the Tatary district after World War II was connected with the industrial district (among industrial plants, the biggest employer was the Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych (Heavy Goods Vehicle Factory) established in 1951, there was a slaughterhouse, and now – meat processing plants.
Housing estates built within the Tatary district in 1950−1972 (ZOR Tatary and Motor) and Bronowice (ZOR Bronowice I 1954−1956 and Bronowice II and III 1956−1969) were characterised by a large share of green and recreational areas dedicated to various users. After several decades of lack of investment and with changing lifestyles and users’ needs, these spaces are among the most neglected in Lublin. Currently works related to the improvement of infrastructure in these housing estates are being undertaken such as: replacement of street lights, sidewalks, etc. District councils are working intensively to raise funds for the most urgent needs, but they are not always well thought out or designed in an appropriate way. The problem is the lack of models and often duplication of functional and aesthetic schemes, not always appropriate to the area.
The modernization of public spaces is one of the elements of revitalisation processes, in which the involvement of future users at the design stage is a necessary element. Good public spaces increase the sense of security, comfort of living and even contribute to the increase in real estate prices. This paper presents the problems posed by the design process, implementation and functioning of selected public spaces in Tatary and Bronowice districts of Lublin where community participation played a crucial role.
The article presents issues related to the design, implementation and functioning of selected public spaces in the Bronowice district, where social participation was an important factor. Challenges of public space modernization in problematic residential areas are exemplified on selected projects and realizations in the Bronowice district of the city of Lublin.
Town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) in western Ukraine – an example of urban complex built at the end of the 16th century on the concept of the renaissance “ideal town”
Authors: Bevz Mykola 
Published: June 2020

The town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) belongs to the late Renaissance foundations of private resident cities in Halychyna in the late 16th century. Urban-spatial structure of the town was designed according to the Renaissance ideal city. The city consisted of two conjugated parts: the owner’s castle and the fortified downtown. The combination of these two parts was of a specific nature – when the central square of the town is combined with the facade of the castle complex.
On the base of the historical and urban studies presented the hypothesis that town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) is an unique example of late Renaissance urbanism. The start of town build was in 1594 according to a project based on the concept of “ideal town”. We are thinking, that the author of the project and plan of town was Paolo Clamensi – Italian architect, worked in Lviv at the end of 16th century. The towns have a well-preserved original Renaissance planning structure and a number of architectural monuments that are connected with it. Reconstruction of the original historical town plan allows us to express the hypothesis of its similarity to the projects of cities published in the treatise of the Italian architect of the 16th century Pietro Cataneo.
Residential buildings in healthcare resort Szczawno-Zdroj in the second-half of 20th century
Authors: Piróg Marek 
Published: June 2020

The article focuses on the development of housing in Szczawno-Zdroj in the second half of the twentieth century. The image of this place was shaped for centuries as the town and the spa located in this area developed and mainly consisted of facilities associated with health resorts.
Based on an analysis of how housing developed in the discussed period, regarding both the shape of buildings and their location on the city plan, the author determines the degree to which new buildings interfere with the existing infrastructure with particular emphasis on their impact on the image of the historical part of the city which is mainly shaped by spa facilities. The study analyzed the impact of residential housing of this period on the traditional cultural landscape of Szczawno-Zdroj.
Losy wybranych kaplic grobowych towarzyszących założeniom rezydencjonalnym na terenie województwa lubelskiego
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna 
Published: June 2020

Zespoły rezydencjonalne wraz z folwarkami miały za zadanie tworzenie spójnych, samowystarczalnych układów. Budynkowi pałacu bądź dworu zawsze towarzyszył rozległy park w którym właściciele wznosili różnego rodzaju obiekty małej architektury. Część stanowiły obiekty sakralne takie jak: kaplice parkowe, kapliczki, krzyże czy grobowce.
W artykule Autor szczegółowo przedstawia historię trzech wybranych kaplice grobowych z terenu województwa lubelskiego (kaplica w Neplach, Trawnikach, Stryjowie). W pracy przeanalizowana zostanie ich lokalizacja w zespole parkowym, forma architektoniczna oraz obecne wykorzystanie na tle ogólnej charakterystyki kaplic grobowych Lubelszczyzny.
Ogrody islamu na przykładzie założeń ogrodowych Andaluzji
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna 
Published: June 2020

Kultura południa Hiszpanii oparta została na zdobyczach cywilizacyjnych chrześcijan, wandalów i imperium muzułmańskiego. Stanowi ona przykład współistnienia różnych kultur i wierzeń. Okres jej największego rozwoju datowany jest na czas panowania kalifa Abd ar-Rahmana i jego następcy Hakma II, jednak najsłynniejsze obiekty, będące najlepiej zachowanymi przykładami architektury i sztuki ogrodowej Islamu, powstały w wieku XIV, kiedy to następował powolny upadek emiratu ze stolicą w Grenadzie. Wówczas wzniesione zostały takie zespoły pałacowo – parkowe jak Alhambra i letni pałac Generalife.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najważniejszych osiągnięć arabskiej sztuki ogrodowej południa Hiszpanii. Autorka omawia wybrane założenia ogrodowe Andaluzji opisując ich historię, kompozycję i zastosowaną roślinność ze szczególnym podkreśleniem jej symboliki.
Rola wyobraźni w procesie twórczym a zagrożenia współczesnego świata
Authors: Dąbrowski Mariusz , Chęć-Małyszek Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

We wszystkich obszarach aktywności twórczej wyobraźnia, jest niezbędnym elementem w życiu i funkcjonowaniu człowieka. W wielu sytuacjach życiowych jest ona nieodłącznym elementem wykorzystywanym w sposób mniej lub bardziej świadomy. Pozwala tworzyć wyobrażenia, które nie mają odpowiedników w żadnym z wrażeń, stanowiąc podstawę twórczości wszelkiej aktywności człowieka. Wyobraźnia jest naturalnym przedłużeniem wzroku, specyficzną zdolnością do wywoływania obrazów, pobudzającą do twórczego myślenia i działania. W dzisiejszych czasach człowiek nieustannie bombardowany jest coraz większą ilością dźwięków i obrazów, które „zagłuszają” naturalny rozwój wyobraźni. Szybki postęp technologiczny, którego jesteśmy świadkami, nie pozostaje bez wpływu na rozwój twórczego myślenia, tworzy bariery ograniczające człowieka.
Taze tavuk etlerinde aktif ambalajlama uygulamaları
Authors: KIZILIRMAK ESMER Özlem , ÖZER Özge , NASERİFAR Farnaz 
Published: June 2020

Tavuk eti yüksek protein ve nem
içeriği nedeniyle hem mikrobiyal hem de biyokimyasal bozulmalara oldukça açık
olmasından dolayı raf ömrü kısa olan bir gıdadır. Ayrıca gerek gıdanın doğası
gerek işleme koşulları nedeniyle patojen mikroorganizmalarla kontamine olma
ihtimalinden dolayı taze tavuk etinin güvenilir bir şekilde üretimini arttırmak
ve son tüketiciye ulaşana kadar israf olmasını önlemek amacıyla mikrobiyal
güvenilirliğini sağlamak oldukça önemlidir. Taze tavuk etlerinde koruyucu katkı
maddeleri ilavesi, ısıl işlem uygulamaları ve/veya dondurma vb. gıda muhafaza
yöntemleri kullanılmadığından üründe gerçekleşebilecek biyokimyasal değişimler
ve mikrobiyal bozulmaları önlemek için ambalajlama teknolojilerinden
yararlanılması işlenmiş gıda ürünlerine göre daha da önem kazanmaktadır.
Yenilikçi ambalajlama teknolojileri ile taze tavuk etlerinin kalitesi
arttırılıp raf ömrü uzatılabilir ve böylece güvenilirliği de daha iyi
sağlanabilir. Bu bağlamda aktif ambalajlama
teknolojilerinden yararlanılabilir. Bu amaçla ambalaj malzemesine ya da
ambalaj ortamına eklenen antimikrobiyal maddeler, antioksidan maddeler, CO2,
etanoL vs. gibi aktif maddelerin etkisiyle gıdanın özellikleri ambalajlandıktan
sonra da iyi bir şekilde muhafaza edilebilmektedir. Son yıllarda taze tavuk
etlerinin aktif ambalajlama teknolojisi ile ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda;
antimikrobiyal ya da antioksidan özelliklerde esansiyel yağlar ile doğal bitki
ya da gıda sanayii atıklarından elde edilen ekstraktlar kullanılarak hazırlanan
sentetik ve/veya biyobozunur polimerler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu teknoloji
ile ambalajlanmış taze tavuk etlerinde bozulma yapan mikroorganizmaların üreme
hızlarının yavaşlatıldığı, patojen mikroorganizmaların üremesinin engellendiği
ve/veya lipid oksidasyon hızının azaltıldığına yönelik sonuçlar bulunmaktadır.
Bu derleme makalesinde aktif ambalajlama uygulamalarının son yıllarda
gerçekleştirilen bilimsel çalışmalar temelinde taze tavuk etlerinin kalitesi,
güvenilirliği ve raf ömrü açısından etkileri incelenmiştir.