bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumo de crack
Authors: Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Olímpio Anny Caroline dos Santos , Costa João Breno Cavalcante , Moreira Roberta Magda Martins , Oliveira Lycélia Da Silva , Silva Rita Wigna de Souza 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de usuários de crack atendidos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Caps AD) de um município da mesorregião noroeste do Ceará. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, documental e retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2014, utilizando um formulário desenvolvido a partir do roteiro de acolhimento do Caps AD. Resultados: constatou-se no estudo que a maior parte dos usuários de crack era do sexo masculino, com média etária de 25 anos, solteira e com Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para que o profisisonal de saúde conheça o perfil, a realidade e os desafios enfrentados por esta população, elaborando estratégias de prevenção de doenças, promoção da saúde e intervenções fundamentadas nas estratégias de redução de danos.
Early Treatment of Coxsackievirus B3–Infected Animals With Soluble Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor Inhibits Development of Chronic Coxsackievirus B3 Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pinkert Sandra , Dieringer Babette , Klopfleisch Robert , Savvatis Konstantinos , Van Linthout Sophie , Pryshliak Markian , Tschöpe Carsten , Klingel Karin , Kurreck Jens , Beling Antje , Fechner Henry 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Coxsackie-B-viruses (CVB) are frequent causes of acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, but an effective antiviral therapy is still not available. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that treatment with an engineered sCAR-Fc (soluble coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor fused to the carboxyl-terminus of human IgG) efficiently neutralizes CVB3 and inhibits the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice with acute CVB3-induced myocarditis. In this study, we analyzed the potential of sCAR-Fc for treatment of chronic CVB3-induced myocarditis in an outbred NMRI mouse model.

Methods:
NMRI mice were infected with the CVB3 strain 31-1-93 and treated with a sCAR-Fc expressing adeno-associated virus 9 vector 1, 3, and 7 days after CVB3 infection. Chronic myocarditis was analyzed on day 28 after infection.

Results:

Initial investigations showed that NMRI mice develop pronounced chronic myocarditis between day 18 and day 28 after infection with the CVB3 strain 31-1-93. Chronic cardiac infection was characterized by inflammation and fibrosis as well as persistence of viral genomes in the heart tissue and by cardiac dysfunction. Treatment of NMRI mice resulted in a distinct reduction of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and almost complete elimination of virus RNA from the heart by day 28 after infection. Moreover, hemodynamic measurement revealed improved cardiac contractility and diastolic relaxation in treated mice compared with mice treated with a control vector (mean±SD; maximal pressure, 81.9±9.2 versus 69.4±8.6 mm Hg,
P
=0.02; left ventricular ejection fraction, 68.9±8.5 versus 54.2±11.5%,
P
=0.02; dP/dt
max
, 7275.2±1674 versus 4432.6±1107 mm Hg/s,
P
=0.004; dP/dt
min
, −4046.9±776 versus −3146.3±642 mm Hg/s,
P
=0.046). The therapeutic potential of sCAR-Fc is limited, however, since postponed start of sCAR-Fc treatment either 3 or 7 days after infection could not attenuate myocardial injury.

Conclusions:
Early therapeutic employment of sCAR-Fc, initiated at the beginning of the primary viremia, inhibits the development of chronic CVB3-induced myocarditis and improves the cardiac function to a level equivalent to that of uninfected animals.
Improved Biomarker and Imaging Analysis for Characterizing Progressive Cardiac Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hoffman Kristyn A. , Reynolds Corey , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter , Jones Kathryn 
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
infection, is an important public health problem attributable to progressive cardiomyopathy in patients, for which there is no cure. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, which leads to life‐threatening arrhythmogenic and circulatory abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate cardiac fibrosis progression in a mouse model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Cardiac cells infected with
T cruzi
produced significantly higher concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), connective tissue growth factor, endothelin‐1, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D than noninfected controls. Female Balb/c mice infected with
T cruzi
were compared with naïve mice. TGF‐β genes and other TGF‐β superfamily genes, as well as connective tissue growth factor, endothelin‐1, and platelet‐derived growth factor, were upregulated in infected mouse hearts. Serum concentrations of TGF‐β, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D were higher in infected mice and correlated with cardiac fibrosis. Strain analysis performed on magnetic resonance images at 111 and 140 days postinfection and echocardiography images at 212 days postinfection revealed significantly elevated left ventricular strain and cardiac fibrosis and concomitantly significantly decreased cardiac output in infected mice.

Conclusions
TGF‐β, connective tissue growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D are potentially useful biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis, as they correlate with cardiac fibrosis. Strain analysis allows for use of noninvasive methods to measure fibrosis in the chronic stages of chagasic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. These findings can be applied as noninvasive tools to study the effects of interventions and/or therapeutics on cardiac fibrosis development when using a mouse model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Reasonable Irrationality: the Role of Reasons in the Diffusion of Pseudoscience
Authors: Blancke Stefaan , Boudry Maarten , Braeckman Johan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPseudoscience spreads through communicative and inferential processes that make people vulnerable to weird beliefs. However, the fact that pseudoscientific beliefs are unsubstantiated and have no basis in reality does not mean that the people who hold them have no reasons for doing so. We propose that, reasons play a central role in the diffusion of pseudoscience. On the basis of cultural epidemiology and the interactionist theory of reasoning, we will here analyse the structure and the function of reasons in the propagation of pseudoscience. We conclude by discussing the implications of our approach for the understanding of human irrationality.
The 7E Model of the Human Mind: Articulating a Plastic Self for the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Geisshuesler Flavio A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a 7E model of the human mind, which was developed within the cognitive paradigm in religious studies and its primary expression, the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). This study draws on the philosophically most sophisticated currents in the cognitive sciences, which have come to define the human mind through a 4E model as embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended. Introducing Catherine Malabou’s concept of “plasticity,” the study not only confirms the insight of the 4E model of the self as a decentered system, but it also recommends two further traits of the self that have been overlooked in the cognitive sciences, namely the negativity of plasticity and the tension between giving and receiving form. Finally, the article matures these philosophical insights to develop a concrete model of the religious mind, equipping it with three further Es, namely emotional, evolved, and exoconscious.
Business, State and the Rationalization of Nonprofits in Eastern China: A Configurational Perspective
Authors: Song Chengcheng , Wang Xiangcheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent research about nonprofit rationalization (especially in China) tended to focus on “net” effect explained by a particular theory, and thereby ignored the combinatory effects of different mechanisms in specific environments. In this article, echoing from the configurational perspective, we used csQCA to explore the potential combination of different mechanisms that may shape the formation of nonprofit rationalization. Through the analysis of 14 cases from three cities of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China, we found that rationalization of a nonprofit requires its leaders/important members to have certain career experience when it receives the corporate giving; the results also indicate that rationalization requires leaders/important members to have corporate work experience when it receives corporate giving, despite the absence of government support and competition.
<p><strong>Typification of the name <em>Hoodia currorii</em> (Apocynaceae)</strong></p>
Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F. 
Published: November 2019

Hoodia currorii Decaisne (1844: 665) is a well-known species of carrion flower from west-central Namibia and southern Angola. Bruyns et al. (2017) reclassified more than 30 stapeliad genera in an enlarged concept of Ceropegia Linnaeus (1753: 211). This resulted in Ceropegia consisting of over 750 species, one of which being then referred to as ‘C. currorii (Hook.) Bruyns’ (2017: 420), based on Scytanthus currorii Hooker (1844: 605). This species of carrion flower is nowadays most widely included in the genus Hoodia Sweet ex Decaisne (1844: 664), and we here treat it as H. currorii. The citation of the author of H. currorii and the citation of its type have been the source of some confusion in the literature and are here clarified.
AlcoLOLs, re-thinking drinking: Developing a shared leadership approach for alcohol education
Authors: Pieczka Magda , Casteltrione Isidoropaolo 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of this article is to extend and elaborate ways of conceptualising, enabling and practising peer leadership in whole-school alcohol education programmes. Design: Qualitative study involving individual and group interviews. Setting: The AlcoLOLs project took place in six secondary schools in North East Edinburgh (Scotland) from 2013 to 2015. Methods: A total of 21 individual and 4 group interviews with young people aged 14–18 who acted as peer leaders in the AlcoLOLs project. Interviews were conducted throughout the duration of the project as a means of hearing peer leaders’ individual voices, monitoring progress and evaluating the intervention. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis. Results: The intervention demonstrates transformative multilevel learning (i.e. cognition, civic/communal attitudes, self-identity, self-efficacy, specific communication/team skills) for peer leaders resulting from the shared leadership process. Results indicate that there is an element of continuity between antecedents, process and outcomes of shared leadership which, in the context of peer education, needs to be seen as an iterative rather than a linear process. Drawing on these findings, a model for a whole-school alcohol peer education intervention is developed. The model is underpinned by critical dialogic principles and reframes alcohol consumption as action rather than behaviour. Conclusion: This article redefines peer leadership in alcohol education interventions for young people as a process involving formal, informal, individual and shared leadership. Combined with a whole-school dialogic intervention, this approach can lead to the development of alcohol consumption/abstinence as a practice that focuses on the articulation of a self-identity drawing on both individual/personal and civic aspects.
Successful treatment of genital warts with cidofovir cream in a pediatric patient with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Muffarrej Duaa , Khattab Eman , Najjar Rula 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Patients with Fanconi anemia have an increased susceptibility to malignancies associated with human papillomavirus, and thus prevention and early management of human papillomavirus infections in this patient population are crucial. Case report A nine-year-old girl with Fanconi anemia developed genital warts about three years after undergoing haplo-identical stem cell transplant. The transplant was complicated by chronic graft-versus-host disease, and the patient had therefore received multiple immunosuppressants. The genital warts were treated with several creams, but minimal improvement was reported. Management and outcome Cidofovir was extemporaneously compounded into an unscented 1% moisturizing cream and applied daily at bedtime to the genital warts. By the end of treatment, the warts had been successfully treated, and no adverse events were reported. The patient is still free of any lesions at six months after completing treatment. Discussion Although reports have been published on the use of cidofovir cream, most were in adults with non-genital warts. Cidofovir cream may be considered as a treatment option for refractory genital warts in pediatric patients. However, further studies are needed to better define the optimal preparation and dosing for such patient population.
Computer-assisted retinal vessel diameter evaluation in Fabry disease
Authors: Sodi Andrea , Nicolosi Cristina , Vicini Giulio , Lenzetti Chiara , Virgili Gianni , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Fabry disease retinal vascular involvement has been widely reported, with narrowing of the retinal arterioles, dilation and irregularity of the retinal veins, and exaggerated tortuosity of the retinal vessels. We evaluated retinal vessel diameter in Fabry disease, by means of a dedicated software, aiming to provide a quantitative marker of retinal vascular network abnormalities in Fabry disease patients. Material and methods: Observational case-control study evaluating different branches of vessels, peripapillary vessels (group A), temporal vascular arcades (group B), and second-order collaterals of the temporal arcades (group C). We obtained the vessel diameters values from eye fundus digital images of eight Fabry disease patients and eight age-sex matched controls, using a semiautomatic software. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the Fabry disease group versus the control group. Results: The difference between the average diameters of all the types of vessels considered were significantly smaller in Fabry disease patients compared to healthy controls, resulting in a decrease in size (mm) of 10.9% for group A, 7.8% for group B, and 7.4% for group C. The most evident difference between Fabry disease patients and controls was found in the largest vessels. Conclusion: A computer-assisted analysis of retinal vessel diameter in Fabry disease by means of dedicated software showed narrower retinal arteries in Fabry disease patients than in controls. Our data support the use of semiautomatic assessment of retinal vessel attenuation as an objective and reproducible method to evaluate retinal vascular alterations in Fabry disease, providing a clinical non-invasive tool for early diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Effect of haemoglobin levels on outcome in intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients
Authors: Altersberger Valerian L , Kellert Lars , Al Sultan Abdulaziz S , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Hametner Christian , Eskandari Ashraf , Heldner Mirjam R , van den Berg Sophie A , Zini Andrea , Padjen Visnja , Kägi Georg , Pezzini Alessandro , Polymeris Alexandros , DeMarchis Gian M , Tiainen Marjaana , Räty Silja , Nannoni Stefania , Jung Simon , Zonneveld Thomas P , Maffei Stefania , Bonati Leo , Lyrer Philippe , Sibolt Gerli , Ringleb Peter A , Arnold Marcel , Michel Patrik , Curtze Sami , Nederkoorn Paul J , Engelter Stefan T , Gensicke Henrik ,   for the Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators
Published: November 2019

Introduction Alterations in haemoglobin levels are frequent in stroke patients. The prognostic meaning of anaemia and polyglobulia on outcomes in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis is ambiguous. Patients and methods In this prospective multicentre, intravenous thrombolysis register-based study, we compared haemoglobin levels on hospital admission with three-month poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6), mortality and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II-criteria (ECASS-II-criteria)). Haemoglobin level was used as continuous and categorical variable distinguishing anaemia (female: <12 g/dl; male: <13 g/dl) and polyglobulia (female: >15.5 g/dl; male: >17 g/dl). Anaemia was subdivided into mild and moderate/severe (female/male: <11 g/dl). Normal haemoglobin level (female: 12.0–15.5 g/dl, male: 13.0–17.0 g/dl) served as reference group. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression models. Results Among 6866 intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients, 5448 (79.3%) had normal haemoglobin level, 1232 (17.9%) anaemia – of those 903 (13.2%) had mild and 329 (4.8%) moderate/severe anaemia – and 186 (2.7%) polyglobulia. Anaemia was associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.25 (1.05–1.48)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.58 (1.27–1.95)). In anaemia subgroups, both mild and moderate/severe anaemia independently predicted poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.29 (1.07–1.55) and 1.48 (1.09–2.02)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.45 (1.15–1.84) and ORadjusted 2.00 (1.46–2.75)). Each haemoglobin level decrease by 1 g/dl independently increased the risk of poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.07 (1.02–1.11)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.08 (1.02–1.15)). Anaemia was not associated with occurrence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Polyglobulia did not change any outcome. Discussion The more severe the anaemia, the higher the probability of poor outcome and death. Severe anaemia might be a target for interventions in hyperacute stroke. Conclusion Anaemia on admission, but not polyglobulia, is a strong and independent predictor of poor outcome and mortality in intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients.
Use of pedometers as a tool to promote daily physical activity levels in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Armstrong Matthew , Winnard Andrew , Chynkiamis Nikolaos , Boyle Spencer , Burtin Chris , Vogiatzis Ioannis 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the use of pedometers as a tool to promote daily physical activity levels in patients with COPD.A systematic review meta-analysis of pedometer physical activity promotion in patients with COPD was conducted. Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2019. The search strategy included the following keywords: physical activity promotion, pulmonary rehabilitation and daily physical activity. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were randomised controlled trials reporting pedometer physical activity promotion in patients with COPD.Improvements in steps per day were found with pedometer physical activity promotion either standalone (n=12, mean 0.53 (95% CI 0.29–0.77); p=0.00001) or alongside pulmonary rehabilitation (n=7, 0.51 (0.13–0.88); p=0.006). A subgroup analysis reported significant differences in the promotion of physical activity based on baseline physical activity levels and the type of instrument used to assess levels of physical activity.Future trials should consider the way in which pedometers are used to promote physical activity to inform clinical practice in the setting of pulmonary rehabilitation.
Modelling travel time uncertainty in urban networks based on floating taxi data
Authors: Bauer Dietmar , Tulic Mirsad , Scherrer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The prediction of the uncertainty of route travel time predictions for all possible routes in an urban road network is of importance for example for logistics. Such predictions need to take the essential features of the data set as well as the underlying traffic dynamics into account.In this paper a large floating taxi data set is used in order to derive predictions of route travel time uncertainty based on link travel time uncertainty predictions. Prediction errors, that is actual travel times minus predicted travel times, are differentiated from model errors, that is measured travel times minus predicted travel times. These two errors are related, but not identical, as model errors contain measurement noise while the prediction errors do not. Detailed models for the variance of the link travel time prediction errors as well as the correlation between the model errors for different links are derived. The models are validated in depth using two different validation data sets.Estimates for the variance of prediction errors are obtained. The standardized model error distributions show a remarkable stability, such that modelling the variance appears to be sufficient for quantifying the uncertainty of the model errors.Furthermore we show that the model errors for adjacent links are highly correlated but correlations fade with increasing distance. Additionally usage of the road network plays a role with high correlation for links along common routes and low correlations for links along seldom used routes. We assume identical features for the prediction errors which is partly validated based on additional data.The paper provides a way to estimate the complete distribution of route travel time prediction errors for any given route in the street network.
Immunogenicity of Del19 EGFR mutations in Chinese patients affected by lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Deng , Zhou Dapeng , Cai Weijing , Wu Weibo , Tan Wen Ling , Zhou Caicun , Lou Yanyan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Mutant peptides presented by cancer cells are superior vaccine candidates than self peptides. The efficacy of mutant K-Ras, P53 and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) peptides have been tested as cancer vaccines in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. The immunogenicity of EGFR Del19 mutations, frequent in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients, remains unclear.

Results
We predicted the HLA binding epitopes of Del19 mutations of EGFR in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients with NetMHC software. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the EGFR-reactive IgG in lung cancer patients. Del19 mutations may be presented by multiple HLA Class I molecules, with delE746_A750 presented by 37.5% of Chinese population. For HLA Class II molecules, Del19 mutations of EGFR may be presented by multiple HLA-DRB1 molecules, with delE746_A750 presented by 58.1% of Chinese population. Serum reactivity to wild type EGFR protein was significantly higher in patients with Del19 EGFR mutations than those with EGFR L858R point mutation or with EGFR wild type genotype.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Del19 mutations of EGFR, with an estimated frequency of 40% in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients, may serve as unique targets for immunotherapy in Chinese lung cancer patients.