bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerische Simulationen des Ausbreitungsverhaltens von Wärmeträgerfluid-Inhaltsstoffen aus Erdwärmesonden in Trinkwassereinzugsgebieten
Authors: Struß Janine , Schäfer Dirk , Dahmke Andreas , Köber Ralf 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund deutlich erhöhter Wärmebedarfsdichten urbaner Räume besteht in besonderem Maße hier die Möglichkeit und Erfordernis, durch eine nachhaltige Wärmeversorgung und saisonale Wärmespeicherung im geologischen Untergrund einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu den national und international gesetzten Klimaschutzzielen zu liefern. Eine effiziente Möglichkeit zur Wärmegewinnung und -speicherung bieten hierfür Erdwärmesonden, die jedoch aus Gründen des vorbeugenden Grundwasserschutzes in Bereichen der Trinkwassernutzung heutzutage meist nicht oder nur beschränkt genehmigt werden. Numerische Simulationen einer Erdwärmesondenleckage für Randbedingungen eines zur Trinkwassergewinnung genutzten norddeutschen Aquifers auf Grundlage von aufgearbeiteten stoffspezifischen Abbauratenkonstanten zeigen, dass Grenzwerte für die meisten handelsüblichen Wärmeträgerfluid-Inhaltsstoffe bereits bei einem Abstand von nur 100 m zwischen Erdwärmesonde und Trinkwasserentnahme aufgrund starker Verdünnung und mikrobiellen Abbaus mit einem Faktor > 10 unterschritten werden. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse und angesichts der Zielsetzung einer Reduktion fossiler Primärenergiequellen um 80–95 % bis 2050, erscheinen pauschale Abstandsvorgaben (von zurzeit > 1000 m) daher zumindest hinsichtlich der Trinkwassergefährdung durch Erdwärmesondenleckagen diskussionswürdig.
Ageing, human capital and demographic dividends with endogenous growth, labour supply and foreign capital
Authors: Ziesemer Thomas , von Gässler Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe add endogenous labour supply to exogenous population growth in an Uzawa-Lucas endogenous growth model with international capital movements. Under non-linearity from a decreasing marginal product of labour in education and a positive human capital externality in output production, a combination of an estimated debt-interest relation and a realistic calibration of the model shows the following. (i) The demographic dividends from a fall in the population growth rate increase welfare in the short run and reduce it in the long run. (ii) A higher (lower) growth rate of the dependency ratio leads to a higher (lower) optimal level of education and technical change. (iii) Lower past cumulated savings lead to a higher foreign-debt/GDP ratio, higher interest rates, more education time and technical change, and more consumption in the future rather than the present. (iv) A higher depreciation rate of human capital through ageing has a stronger impact on growth rates than all other variables that could be associated with ageing and a good mitigating policy is to spend more time on education.
Female university students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards sun exposure and the use of artificial tanning devices: the essence of reducing risky behaviours
Authors: McDaid Orla , Melby Vidar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
To investigate female university students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards sun exposure and the use of artificial tanning devices.

Subject and methods
A descriptive correlational survey design using online questionnaires, targeting a population of female university students aged 18–25 from one university in the United Kingdom.

Results
Three hundred and thirty-five students participated (response rate = 26.4%). Students demonstrated average knowledge and good attitude to tanning behaviours, but neither were statistically significantly associated with tanning behaviours. Students showed a history of substantial tanning behaviours, including the use of sunbeds, primarily because having a tanned skin made them look good and thus feel better.

Conclusion
This study has re-affirmed that there is no simple correlation between individuals’ knowledge and attitudes and subsequent sun-tanning behaviours. Feeling good and looking good are critical attributes to female university students’ self-esteem, and these values and beliefs outweigh risk perception of sun-tanning behaviours, and female university students continue to engage in risky tanning behaviours. Focused health promotion activities by public health authorities and higher education institutions should target students’ principal belief of looking good feeling good, as such targeted health promotion may reduce harmful sun tanning behaviours and ultimately mitigate the rising incidence in skin cancers.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Spray Combustion in the SpraySyn Burner: Impact of Injector Geometry
Authors: Abdelsamie Abouelmagd , Chi Cheng , Nanjaiah Monika , Skenderović Ivan , Suleiman Samer , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpray combustion is one of the most important applications connected to modern combustion systems. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of such multiphase flows are complex and computationally very challenging. Ideally, such simulations account for atomization, breakup, dispersion, evaporation, and finally ignition and combustion; phase change, heat and mass transfer should be considered as well. Considering the complexity of all those issues, and to simplify again the problem, virtually all DNS studies published up to now replaced the injector geometry by an approximated, simple configuration, mostly without any walls within the DNS domain. The impact of this simplification step is not completely clear yet. The present work aims at investigating the impact of a realistic injector geometry on flow and flame characteristics in a specific burner (called SpraySyn burner). For this purpose, two cases are directly compared: one DNS takes into account the inner geometry of the injector, including walls of finite thickness; a second one relies on a simplified description, as usually done in the literature. It has been found that considering the details of the geometry has a noticeable impact on the evaporation process and ultimately on the flame structure. This is mostly due to the effect of recirculation zones appearing behind thick injector walls; though quite small, they are sufficient to impact the evolution of the flow and of all connected processes.
Identification of longevity compounds with minimized probabilities of side effects
Authors: Janssens Georges E. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is hypothesized that treating the general aging population with compounds that slow aging, geroprotectors, could provide many benefits to society, including a reduction of age-related diseases. It is intuitive that such compounds should cause minimal side effects, since they would be distributed to otherwise healthy individuals for extended periods of time. The question therefore emerges of how we should prioritize geroprotectors discovered in model organisms for clinical testing in humans. In other words, which compounds are least likely to cause harm, while still potentially providing benefit? To systematically answer this question we queried the DrugAge database—containing hundreds of known geroprotectors—and cross-referenced this with a recently published repository of compound side effect predictions. In total, 124 geroprotectors were associated to 800 unique side effects. Geroprotectors with high risks of side effects, some even with risk for death, included lamotrigine and minocycline, while compounds with low side effect risks included spermidine and d-glucosamine. Despite their popularity as top geroprotector candidates for humans, sirolimus and metformin harbored greater risks of side effects than many other candidate geroprotectors, sirolimus being the more severe of the two. Furthermore, we found that a correlation existed between maximum lifespan extension in worms and the likelihood of causing a side effect, suggesting that extreme lifespan extension in model organisms should not necessarily be the priority when screening for novel geroprotectors. We discuss the implications of our findings for prioritizing geroprotectors, suggesting spermidine and d-glucosamine for clinical trials in humans.
Mind-Mindedness and Stress in Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders
Authors: Larkin Fionnuala , Hayiou-Thomas Marianna E. , Arshad Zaynah , Leonard Matthew , Williams Frances J. , Katseniou Nicoletta , Malouta Rania N. , Marshall Charlotte R. P. , Diamantopoulou Maria , Tang Etonia , Mani Sneha , Meins Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRelations between mind-mindedness (assessed using the describe-your-child interview) and stress were investigated in parents of children with developmental disorders (ADHD, n = 51, ASD, n = 23, Down’s Syndrome, n = 38, and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, 22q11.2DS, n = 32) and typically-developing children (n = 89). Mind-mindedness did not differ across diagnostic groups, and mind-mindedness predicted parenting stress across groups. Parenting stress was lowest in the typically-developing and Down’s Syndrome groups. Across all groups, mind-minded and positive descriptions predicted lower parenting stress, and negative descriptions predicted higher stress. In the developmental disorder groups, describing the children with reference to their disorder was negatively correlated with mind-mindedness. Results are discussed with regard to interventions for families where children have developmental disorders.
Normativity, system-integration, natural detachment and the hybrid hominin
Authors: Moss Lenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom a subjective point of view, we take the existence of integrated entities, i.e., ourselves as the most unproblematic given, and blithely project such integrity onto untold many “entities” far and wide. However, from a naturalistic perspective, accounting for anything more integral than the attachments and attractions that are explicable in terms of the four fundamental forces of physics has been anything but straightforward. If we take it that the universe begins as an integral unity (the singularity referred to as “the cosmic egg”) and explodes into progressive stages of internal detachment, then we can also fathom the idea that eddies of relative detachment becoming increasingly integral. Helmuth Plessner made a powerful case for the onset of “positionality” constituting one of the major transitions in nature. Surely, the emergence of “entities” (i.e., life-forms) that position themselves in relation to their surround marks a decisive transition in relative levels of detachment and some would say “autonomy.” It would follow, with no less force, that where and when entities can be seen to be normatively integrated, and indeed to be the agents of their own normativity, that another threshold of detachment has been crossed. The paper introduces and explores the idea that normativity, embedded in a wide-ranging theory of natural detachment, can be considered an emergent force of nature that is requisite to accounting for levels of integration beyond that which is explicable in terms of the four fundamental forces of physics. Following this line of enquiry, we argue that the first expression of a fully, normatively-integrated life-form is neither a spoken language user nor for that matter an individual but rather the neoteny-based, Homo erectus Group. In so doing we claim to have made an inroad into embedding the force of normativity into a wide-ranging naturalist framework, to have provided philosophical anthropology with a new (post-individualist) point of departure, and at least playfully, to have given some naturalistic grist to Hegel’s proclamation that spirit (Geist) is the truth of nature.
1H, 13C, 15N backbone and IVL methyl group resonance assignment of the fungal β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Makraki Eleni , Carneiro Marta G. , Heyam Alex , Eiso A. B. , Siegal Gregg , Hubbard Roderick E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstractβ-glucosidases have received considerable attention due to their essential role in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. β-glucosidase can hydrolyse cellobiose in cellulose degradation and its low activity has been considered as one of the main limiting steps in the process. Large-scale conversions of cellulose therefore require high enzyme concentration which increases the cost. β-glucosidases with improved activity and thermostability are therefore of great commercial interest. The fungus Trichoderma reseei expresses thermostable cellulolytic enzymes which have been widely studied as attractive targets for industrial applications. Genetically modified β-glucosidases from Trichoderma reseei have been recently commercialised. We have developed an approach in which screening of low molecular weight molecules (fragments) identifies compounds that increase enzyme activity and are currently characterizing fragment-based activators of TrBgl2. A structural analysis of the 55 kDa apo form of TrBgl2 revealed a classical (α/β)8-TIM barrel fold. In the present study we present a partial assignment of backbone chemical shifts, along with those of the Ile (I)-Val (V)-Leu (L) methyl groups of TrBgl2. These data will be used to characterize the interaction of TrBgl2 with the small molecule activators.
Confronting Racism with Mindfulness
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRacial oppression is a longstanding and widespread problem with significant repercussions and consequences for the health of those impacted. The roots of racial prejudice reach far back into the history of European culture. A contribution to the much-needed change can be found in the cultivation of mindfulness, in particular in its external dimension. This emerges from considering the background provided by the early Buddhist dismissal of caste prerogatives in the ancient Indian setting, granting priority to ethical conduct over birth. Besides opening up a new dimension for mindfulness-related research, which has so far predominantly focused on the internal cultivation of mindfulness, exploring the early Buddhist perspective also shows that diversity work can become an integral part of the Buddhist path of practice. This holds in particular for white Buddhists, who need to confront their superiority conceit as an obstruction to their own progress to liberation.
Nowcast models for train delays based on the railway network status
Authors: Thaduri Adithya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSwitches and crossings (S&C) or turnouts are one of the important systems in the Swedish railway traffic maintenance planning. For immediate diverting of the trains, they need to be predict the working condition for short time duration, also known as nowcasting and for long time duration, also known as forecasting. The prediction of the condition of turnout is useful for traffic planning without disrupting to the traffic. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to predict the condition of S&Cs for shorter and longer duration. In order to achieve it, at first, statistical analysis is carried out to find the root causes of failures. Secondly, non-homogenous Poisson process is applied to nowcast and forecast the working condition. The results of this study will guide the train dispatchers to plan the train timetable according the present traffic.
Battery pack remanufacturing process up to cell level with sorting and repurposing of battery cells
Authors: Kampker Achim , Wessel Saskia , Fiedler Falko , Maltoni Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraditional remanufacturing is characterized by disassembly of a core up to an optimal depth of disassembly and by the replacement of some parts in order to achieve the specifications and reliability of the original product. Because of the product architecture and the reliability characteristics of electric vehicle batteries, such an approach does not recover the full residual value of battery cells. For batteries, a depth of disassembly up to cell level is necessary, but problematic because of inconvenient battery design features. Hence, an alternative framework will be presented, where each of the battery cells and the battery system key components are considered a core in itself, and the value of a remanufactured battery module depends on the combination of its cells. The product architecture and component requirements will be explained for batteries made of the three most common cell types used in the automotive industry. In addition, three solutions will be presented for the implementation of the proposed framework for remanufacturing regarding both product design and key aspects of the process chain, such as laser cutting and laser welding of battery cells.
IPM-RED: combining higher-order masking with robust error detection
Authors: Keren Osnat , Polian Ilia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCryptographic hardware becomes increasingly vulnerable to physical attacks—both passive side-channel analysis and active fault injections—performed by skillful and well-equipped adversaries. In this paper, we introduce a technique that provides very high security against both types of attacks. It combines inner product masking (IPM), which offers higher-order side-channel attack resistance on word level and on bit level, with nonlinear security-oriented error-detection codes that provide robustness, i.e., strong detection guarantees for arbitrary faults. We prove that our scheme has the same security against side-channel attacks that an earlier, non-robust IPM-based solution has and in addition preserves robustness during addition and multiplication (and therefore arbitrary computations). Moreover, we prove that the information leakage from the checker is small and that the attack will be detected far before the attacker will gain significant information.
Effects of selection and local adaptation on resilience and economic suitability in Apis mellifera carnica
Authors: Kovačić Marin , Puškadija Zlatko , Dražić Marica Maja , Uzunov Aleksandar , Meixner Marina D. , Büchler Ralph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModern techniques of selective breeding show high potential to improve economically important traits of honey bees. However, breeding may neglect fundamental rules of natural selection. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of selection and local adaptation on some relevant breeding traits of Apis mellifera carnica. We compared open mated queens from three different origins: local Croatian genotypes that are under controlled selection since five generations (MS), a local genotype that was never under selective breeding (NS) and, finally, a non-local genotype from a long-lasting German breeding program (HS). Generally, colonies with queens from breeding programs had better scores for defensive behavior, calmness, and swarming. In contrast, colonies from the NS group showed higher expression of Varroa destructor resistance traits. Although the HS group showed the highest score in most of the behavioral traits, the low overwintering index of colonies from this group after both wintering periods indicated a lack of local adaptation. This research underlines the relevance of breeding activities for the resilience of honey bee populations and the achievement of local adaptation.
Perceptual Decision-Making in Children: Age-Related Differences and EEG Correlates
Authors: Manning Catherine , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Norcia Anthony M. , Scerif Gaia , Boehm Udo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren make faster and more accurate decisions about perceptual information as they get older, but it is unclear how different aspects of the decision-making process change with age. Here, we used hierarchical Bayesian diffusion models to decompose performance in a perceptual task into separate processing components, testing age-related differences in model parameters and links to neural data. We collected behavioural and EEG data from 96 6- to 12-year-old children and 20 adults completing a motion discrimination task. We used a component decomposition technique to identify two response-locked EEG components with ramping activity preceding the response in children and adults: one with activity that was maximal over centro-parietal electrodes and one that was maximal over occipital electrodes. Younger children had lower drift rates (reduced sensitivity), wider boundary separation (increased response caution) and longer non-decision times than older children and adults. Yet, model comparisons suggested that the best model of children’s data included age effects only on drift rate and boundary separation (not non-decision time). Next, we extracted the slope of ramping activity in our EEG components and covaried these with drift rate. The slopes of both EEG components related positively to drift rate, but the best model with EEG covariates included only the centro-parietal component. By decomposing performance into distinct components and relating them to neural markers, diffusion models have the potential to identify the reasons why children with developmental conditions perform differently to typically developing children and to uncover processing differences inapparent in the response time and accuracy data alone.
FINDING THE BRITISH GOOGLE: RELAXING THE PROHIBITION OF DUAL-CLASS STOCK FROM THE PREMIUM-TIER OF THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Reddy Bobby V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a dearth of British tech-companies listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and the LSE lacks a large, innovative tech-company such as Google. The UK Government, concerned as to the loss of UK tech-companies to foreign acquirors, views the encouragement of UK tech-firm listings as a policy priority. Dual-class stock, currently prohibited from the LSE Main Market's premium-tier, allows founders to list their firms, and retain majority-control, while holding significantly less of the cash-flow rights in the company. This article will broach the potential for dual-class stock to attract UK tech-company listings, and explore the benefits that dual-class stock can engender for UK tech-companies and their public shareholders. The risks of dual-class structures will also be discussed, but it will be shown that in a UK regulatory context, in relation to high-growth tech-companies, the risks may not be as severe as presumed, and easily moderated through judicious controls.
Study of two species, one new and one known, of the genus Aporcella Andrássy, 2002 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Iran, with a note on its phylogeny
Authors: Naghavi A. , Niknam G. , Vazifeh N. , Peña-Santiago R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Two species of the genus Aporcella, one new and one previously known, collected from cultivated fields in Iran are studied. Description, morphometrics, illustrations (both line and microphotographs) and D2–D3 sequences are provided for Aporcella talebii sp. n., which is characterized by its 1.66–2.02-mm-long body, lip region offset by constriction and 15–17 μm broad, odontostyle 14–17.5 μm long, neck 412–484 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 46–50% of total neck length, uterus simple and 1.6–2.0 times the corresponding body diameter long, V = 52–59, tail conical (40–50 μm, c = 37–47, c′ = 1.1–1.4) with a weak but perceptible dorsal concavity at the end and male absent. Morphometrics, microphotographs and D2–D3 sequences of Aporcella simplex are also presented, this being its first Asian record. Molecular analyses confirm the monophyly of the genus, its close relationship with other taxa lacking pars refringens vaginae and the polyphyly of Aporcelaimidae.