bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics of Functional Brain States Underlie Cognitive Performance
Authors: Gu Hong , Schulz Kurt P , Fan Jin , Yang Yihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The functional organization of the human brain adapts dynamically in response to a rapidly changing environment. However, the relation of these rapid changes in functional organization to cognitive functioning is not well understood. This study used a graph-based time-frame modularity analysis approach to identify temporally recurrent functional configuration patterns in neural responses to an n-back working memory task during fMRI. Working memory load was manipulated to investigate the functional relevance of the identified brain states. Four distinct brain states were defined by the predominant patterns of activation in the task-positive, default-mode, sensorimotor, and visual networks. Associated with escalating working memory load, the occurrence of the task-positive state and the probability of transitioning into this state increased. In contrast, the occurrence of the default-mode and sensorimotor states and the probability of these 2 states transitioning away from the task-positive state decreased. The task-positive state occurrence rate and the probability of transitioning from the default-mode state back to the task-positive state explained a significant and unique portion of the variance in task performance. The results demonstrate that dynamic brain activities support successful cognitive functioning and may have heuristic value for understanding abnormal cognitive functioning associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders.
Impact of intestinal ultrasound with a portable system in the management of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Gonen Can , Surmelioglu Ali , Kochan Koray , Ozer Serhat , Aslan Ekrem , Tilki Metin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease (CD). With advancements in technology, portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available, and the inevitable change to their use by non-radiologist clinicians would be a valuable contribution to improving patient care. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of IUS examination performed by a gastroenterologist with a portable system as an adjunct imaging modality in the routine care of CD patients.

Methods
A total of 117 CD patients were assessed by IUS imaging. Pre- and post-IUS clinical-management decisions were recorded. The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in the patients’ clinical-management decision following the IUS examination. The diagnostic accuracy was compared against the reference decision reached via a multidisiplinary meeting after the evaluation of all patient-related data. The endoscopic disease activity was determined using the simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD).

Results
The initial clinical-management decision was changed in 47 patients (40.2%) after the IUS examination (P = 0.001). The accuracy of patient-management decisions improved from 63.2% to 90.6% in comparison to reference decisions (P &lt; 0.001). After IUS examination, a further 13 cases (11.1%) were identified for urgent surgical/interventional procedures. The accuracy of colonoscopic (SES-CD ≥3) assessment was shown to be comparable to that of IUS (94% vs 91%). The sensitivity for disease presence was 95% with colonoscopy and 94% with the IUS assessment.

Conclusion
IUS examination with the use of a portable ultrasonography system significantly improves clinical-management decisions. With further supporting data, this practice would possibly become a requirement for CD management.
“She’s Dying and I Can’t Say We’re Married?”: End-of-Life Care for LGBT Older Adults
Authors: Candrian Carey , Cloyes Kristin G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults are at particular risk for receiving inequitable end-of-life care. Their health care wishes may be ignored or disregarded, their families of choice are less likely to be included in their decision making, and they may experience increased isolation, bullying, mistreatment, or abuse, which ultimately contribute to receipt of poor-quality health care. This is particularly important during sensitive transitions along the care continuum to end-of-life settings; 43% of respondents of a 2018 survey of 865 hospice professionals reported having directly observed discriminatory behavior toward LGBT patients. Lack of visibility and accountability perpetuates vulnerabilities and the potential for discriminatory treatment. Unfortunately, while other areas of health care have prioritized and normalized collecting sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data, hospices do not routinely assess patients’ SOGI in the context of end-of-life wishes and decisions. Drawing insight from a sample of 31 in-depth interviews with older LGBT adults, this paper focuses on one participant’s story—Esther’s. We chose her story to illustrate how care can be compromised at the end of life if an open discussion with patients about what and who matters most to them at the end of life, is avoided.
War across the life course: examining the impact of exposure to conflict on a comprehensive inventory of health measures in an aging Vietnamese population
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Fraser Kathryn , Korinek Kim , Akbulut-Yuksel Mevlude , Young Yvette Marie , Toan Tran Khanh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of evidence indicates that exposure to war and other traumatic events continue to have negative impacts on health across the life course. However, existing research on health effects of war exposure primarily concentrates on short-term impacts among veterans in high-income countries sent elsewhere to battle. Yet, most wars situate in lower- and middle-income countries, where many are now or will soon be entering old age. Consequently, the current burden of exposure to war has ignored an important global population.MethodsThe Vietnam Health and Aging Study (VHAS) is a longitudinal study designed to examine historical exposure to highly stressful events during the American War. Two modes of data collection, involving a sample of 2447 individuals aged 60+ years in northern Vietnam, took place between May and August 2018. Using this first wave of data, we generate indexed measures of war exposure and analyze their associations with a set of 12 health outcomes, accounting for confounding variables.ResultsResults indicate that greater exposure to three types of war exposure (death and injury, stressful living conditions, and fearing death and/or injury) in earlier life is associated with worse health in later-life across a large number of health outcomes, such as number of diagnosed health conditions, mental distress, somatic symptoms, physical functioning, post-traumatic stress symptoms and chronic pain.ConclusionsFindings support a life course theory of health and point to long-term effects of war on health that require detailed attention.
Families First? The Mobilization of Family Norms in Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Welfens Natalie , Bonjour Saskia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEuropean resettlement programs prioritize the admission of refugee families. While this is seen as the “natural” thing to do, we argue that the mobilization of family norms is crucially political: in everyday bordering practices, interpretations of family norms are decisive for who is admitted to Europe. We study the selection of Syrian refugees in Turkey for humanitarian admission to Germany, which involves national governments, UNHCR, and NGOs. Fusing practice-theoretical approaches to humanitarianism and mobility governance on the one hand, with gender and sexuality scholarship on nationalism, empire, and migration on the other, we show how family norms configure discretionary power in transnational migration governance. First, family norms shape how power is exercised over refugees in vulnerability and assimilability assessments. Vulnerability assessments hinge on whether a family counts as protective and supportive, or deficient and threatening. Assimilability assessments scrutinize whether refugees do family “right”: in a way that will not disturb resettlement countries’ national (gender) order. Second, the mobilization of family norms reflects power disparities between actors. International and non-governmental actors strive to recognize plural family forms, but are disciplined into applying resettlement states’ more constraining family norms, thereby participating in the (re)production of the borders and boundaries of Europe.
Characterization of the novel OXA-213-like β-lactamase OXA-822 from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Tietgen Manuela , Leukert Laura , Sommer Julian , Kramer Jan S , Brunst Steffen , Wittig Ilka , Proschak Ewgenij , Göttig Stephan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study analysed the novel carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase OXA-822 identified in the clinical Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolate AC_2117.

Methods
WGS was employed for identification of β-lactamases. Micro-broth dilution was used for evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of AC_2117 and transformants containing blaOXA-822. After heterologous purification of OXA-822, OXA-359 and OXA-213, enzyme kinetics were determined using spectrometry. The effect of OXA-822 upon meropenem treatment was analysed in the Galleria mellonella in vivo infection model.

Results
OXA-822 is a member of the intrinsic OXA-213-like family found in A. calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter pittii. Amino acid sequence similarity to the nearest related OXA-359 was 97%. Production of OXA-822, OXA-359 and OXA-213 in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC® 19606T resulted in elevated MICs for carbapenems (up to 16-fold). Penicillinase activity of the purified OXA-822 revealed high KM values, in the millimolar range, combined with high turnover numbers. OXA-822 showed the highest affinity to carbapenems, but affinity to imipenem was ∼10-fold lower compared with other carbapenems. Molecular modelling revealed that imipenem does not interact with a negatively charged side chain of OXA-822, as doripenem does, leading to the lower affinity. Presence of OXA-822 decreased survival of infected Galleria mellonella larvae after treatment with meropenem. Only 52.7% ± 7.7% of the larvae survived after 24 h compared with 90.9% ± 3.7% survival in the control group.

Conclusions
The novel OXA-822 from a clinical A. calcoaceticus isolate displayed penicillinase and carbapenemase activity in vitro, elevated MICs in different species and decreased carbapenem susceptibility in A. baumannii in vivo.
The Potential of Systemic Control of Sand Flies Using Fipronil in the Novel Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) Reservoirs Meriones tristrami (Rodentia: Muridea) and Meriones crassus (Rodentia: Muridea)
Authors: Tsurim Ido , Wasserberg Gideon , Ben Natan Gil , Abramsky Zvika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Leishmania major (Yakimoff & Schokhor, 1914), an important causative agent of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), is transmitted by sand flies among a limited number of gerbilline reservoir-species. We can take advantage of this strong dependency to break the pathogen transmission cycle by using systemic insecticides that render the host toxic to the blood-feeding vector. We evaluated the potential of this approach with two novel reservoir species, incriminated for CL expansion in several sites in the Middle East. Specifically, we evaluated: 1) the residuality of the systemic insecticide fipronil in Meriones tristrami (Thomas, 1892) fed on fipronil-treated baits and 2) the treatments’ adulticide effect on sand flies that blood fed on treated and untreated M. tristrami and M. crassus (Sundevall, 1842). We fed M. tristrami with food pellets containing 0.1 g/kg fipronil and used gas chromatograph–mass spectrometery analysis and bioassays to examine its residual toxicity to blood-feeding female sand flies. In M. tristrami, fipronil was rapidly metabolized to fipronil sulfone, found in the blood, urine, and feces for ≥31 d after fipronil admission. The survival of sand flies that blood fed on fipronil-treated M. tristrami and M. crassus was significantly reduced for at least 15 and 9 d respectively, after fipronil admission. These results hold promise for the potential contribution of systemic control approaches to CL integrated management strategies against novel CL (due to L. major) outbreaks in Israel and elsewhere.
Systemic Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Sand-Fly Vectors: Fipronil-Treated Rodent Bait Is Effective in Reducing Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Female Emergence Rate From Rodent Burrows
Authors: Tsurim Ido , Wasserberg Gideon , Ben Natan Gil , Abramsky Zvika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The strong dependency of some vectors on their host as a source of habitat can be viewed as a weak link in pathogen’s transmission cycles using the vertebrate host as a ‘Trojan horse’ to deliver insecticides directly to the vector-host point of contact (hereafter ‘systemic control’). This could, simultaneously, affect the survival of blood-feeding females and coprophagic larvae. Sand-flies, vectors of leishmaniasis worldwide, are often dependent on their bloodmeal host as a source of habitat and may therefore be good candidates for systemic control. In the present study, we field-tested this methodology by baiting Meriones crassus (Sundevall, 1842) (Rodentia:Muridea) with Fipronil-treated food pellets and evaluated its effect on reducing sand-fly emergence rate, in general, and of that of blood-fed females, in particular. We demonstrated 86% reduction in the abundance of female sand-flies that exit burrows of Fipronil-treated jirds, whereas male abundance was unaffected. Furthermore, whereas in control burrows 20% of the females were blood-fed, in treatment burrows no blood-fed females were detected. Sand-fly abundance outside the burrows was not affected by burrow treatment. This highlights the focal specificity of this method: affecting female sand-flies that feed on the reservoir host. This should result in the reduction of the pathogen transmission rate in the vicinity of the treated area by reducing the prevalence of leishmania-infected sand-fly females. These results hold promise for the potential of the systemic control approach in this system. Our next-step goal is to test this methodology at a large-scale cutaneous leishmaniasis control program.
Seasonal Impact of Heroin on Rabbit Carcass Decomposition and Insect Succession
Authors: Al-Qahtni Abdullah , Mashaly Ashraf , Haddadi Rania , Al-Khalifa Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the succession of insects and the length of the decomposition of rabbit carcasses injected with heroin. In total, 24 rabbits (2–2.5 kg, Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L.) were used in the study. Twelve carcasses were exposed to insect activity in winter (January and February) and 12 in summer (July and August) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Three replicate experiments were conducted in each season. For each experiment, three rabbits were injected with varying doses of heroin, and the fourth rabbit was used as a control, being injected only with saline solution. Insects belonging to the order Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were attracted to the carcasses. In both of the investigated seasons, heroin appeared to delay the decomposition process but did not have a significant impact on the number of insects. In general, the number of flies in both seasons was substantially higher than that of beetles and ants. During the summer, flies were more attracted to treated carcasses with a higher dose of heroin. Some flies such as Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and some beetles such as Pimelia boyeri Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were represented on the carcasses by different developmental instars (larvae, pupae, and adults). Overall, heroin has not potential effects on the insect succession patterns of insect, however, influences the decomposition of rabbit carcasses. These findings are important while using insects in medicolegal investigation, since heroin is one of the common poisons used as an addictive agent.
Lemmatization in the collaborative editorial workflow of a medieval French text: The digital edition of the Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César
Authors: Morcos Hannah , Noël Geoffroy , Husar Marcus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article demonstrates how lemmatization has been integrated into the workflow of the digital edition of the Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César, the earliest universal chronicle in French, involving specialists in the fields of medieval French literature, lexicography, and digital humanities. After presenting the dynamic and collaborative editorial workflow, we discuss how the project's lemmatizer, Lemming, has helped the team to improve the accuracy and quality of the edition and offered an opportunity to reflect on the language and lexis of the text. The results of lemmatization are integrated into the edition's faceted search page, which functions as a tool for linguistic research, a lexical support for readers, and an alternative to an index of names.
Comorbidities, pain and fatigue in psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and healthy controls: a clinical cohort study
Authors: Ballegaard Christine , Skougaard Marie , Guldberg-Møller Jørgen , Nissen Christoffer V , Amris Kirstine , Jørgensen Tanja S , Dreyer Lene , Kristensen Lars E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the prognostic value of pre-specified comorbidities on treatment outcomes in PsA, and to compare baseline data with cutaneous psoriasis without arthritis and healthy controls (HC).MethodsPatients initiating conventional synthetic/biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were enrolled in this clinical observational cohort study, and data on comorbidities, and clinical and patient-reported outcomes were retrieved at baseline and after 4 months. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were performed to investigate the prognostic value of pre-specified comorbidities and achievement of ACR20, DAPSA50 and MDA. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare OMERACT PsA Core Outcome Set (COS) measures at baseline and follow-up for the pre-specified comorbidities.ResultsA total of 100 PsA patients were included at baseline. Statistically significantly fewer patients with obesity achieved DAPSA50 compared with patients without obesity (P =0.035), and fewer patients with hypertension (P =0.034) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥1 (P =0.027), respectively, achieved MDA compared with patients without these comorbidities. Patients with obesity, hypertension, widespread pain, and CCI ≥1 had significantly worse COS measures at follow-up compared with patients without these comorbidities. At baseline, patients with PsA had higher disease burden compared with patients with cutaneous psoriasis and HC, including higher pain (P &lt;0.001) and fatigue (P &lt;0.001) scores, and more widespread pain (P =0.002).ConclusionObesity, hypertension and CCI ≥1 were prognostic factors for poorer treatment outcome rates in PsA. Pain and fatigue were more frequently reported among patients with PsA compared with patients with cutaneous psoriasis and HC.Trial registrationThe Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics: H-15009080; Data Protection Agency: 2012-58-0004; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02572700.
The Impact of Preoperative Depression on Patient Satisfaction With Spine Surgeons in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Khan Hammad A. , Rabah Nicholas M. , Winkelman Robert D. , Levin Jay M. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between preoperative depression and patient satisfaction in the outpatient spine clinic after lumbar surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
The Clinician and Group Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey is used to measure patient experience in the outpatient setting. CG-CAHPS scores may be used by health systems in physician incentive programs and quality improvement initiatives or by prospective patients when selecting spine surgeons. Although preoperative depression has been shown to predict poor patient-reported outcomes and less satisfaction with the inpatient experience following lumbar surgery, its impact on patient experience with spine surgeons in the outpatient setting remains unclear.

Methods.
Patients who underwent lumbar surgery and completed the CG-CAHPS survey at postoperative follow-up with their spine surgeon between 2009 and 2017 were included. Data were collected on patient demographics, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scores, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Global Health Physical Health (PROMIS-GPH) subscores. Patients with preoperative PHQ-9 scores ≥10 (moderate-to-severe depression) were included in the depressed cohort. The association between preoperative depression and top-box satisfaction ratings on several dimensions of the CG-CAHPS survey was examined.

Results.
Of the 419 patients included in this study, 72 met criteria for preoperative depression. Depressed patients were less likely to provide top-box satisfaction ratings on CG-CAHPS metrics pertaining to physician communication and overall provider rating (OPR). Even after controlling for patient-level covariates, our multivariate analysis revealed that depressed patients had lower odds of reporting top-box OPR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.63, P = 0.007), feeling that their spine surgeon provided understandable explanations (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11–0.91, P = 0.032), and feeling that their spine surgeon provided understandable responses to their questions or concerns (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.63, P = 0.007).

Conclusion.
Preoperative depression is independently associated with lower OPR and satisfaction with spine surgeon communication in the outpatient setting after lumbar surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3