bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising dual-energy CT scan parameters for virtual non-calcium imaging of the bone marrow: a phantom study
Authors: Müller Felix C. , Børgesen Henrik , Gosvig Kasper , Rodell Anders , Booz Christian , Schmidt Bernhard , Krauss Bernhard , Boesen Mikael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
We investigated the influence of dose, spectral separation, pitch, rotation time, and reconstruction kernel on accuracy and image noise of virtual non-calcium images using a bone marrow phantom.

Methods
The phantom was developed at our institution and scanned using a third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT scanner at five different spectral separations by varying the tube-voltage combinations (70 kV/Sn150 kV, 80 kV/Sn150 kV, 90 kV/Sn150 kV, and 100 kV/Sn150 kV, all with 0.6-mm tin filter [Sn]; 80 kV/140 kV without tin filter) at six different doses (volume computed tomography dose index from 1 to 80 mGy). In separate experiments, rotation times, pitch, and reconstruction kernels were varied at a constant dose and tube voltage. Accuracy was determined by measuring the mean error between virtual non-calcium values in the fluid within and outside of the bone. Image noise was defined as the standard deviation of virtual non-calcium values.

Results
Spectral separation, dose, rotation time, or pitch did not significantly correlate (p > 0.083) with mean error. Increased spectral separation (rs-0.96, p < 0.001) and increased dose (rs-0.98, p < 0.001) correlated significantly with decreased image noise. Increasing sharpness of the reconstruction kernel correlated with mean error (rs 0.83, p = 0.015) and image noise (rs 1.0, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Increased dose and increased spectral separation significantly lowered image noise in virtual non-calcium images but did not affect the accuracy. Virtual non-calcium reconstructions with similar accuracy and image noise could be achieved at a lower tube-voltage difference by increasing the dose.
Management of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., using the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin
Authors: El Husseini Monir M. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarval and adult populations of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil (EAW) Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was monitored after application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the alfalfa field (Medicago sativa L.) in two successive seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The second and last generation of the weevil on April 10, 2016, was controlled by only one application with the conidiospores of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (3 × 108 spores/ml). Accordingly, the larval population decreased from 16.07 ± 1.09 in season 2015/2016 to 7.37 ± 0.05 individuals/50 sweep net double strokes in season 2016/2017. Also, the adult weevil’s population decreased from 5.66 ± 0.8 to 2.55 ± 0.6 individuals/50 sweep net double strokes in the two seasons, respectively. 39.66% mortality rate was recorded in the Hypera brunneipennis adults aestivated under loose bark of the surrounding eucalyptus trees, which received the application of B. bassiana in the field. Another application with the fungus, targeting the second generation of the pest adults in alfalfa each season, will undoubtedly lead to a further decrease in the pest population.
Controlling of bacterial and fungal diseases that contaminating mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori by using some plant extracts
Authors: Saad Mahmoud S. I. , Elyamani Enas M. Y. , Helaly Walaa M. M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is one of the most economically important insect because its production of silk which interfere with many important industries. Diseases of the silkworm, B. mori such as viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens seriously affect their cocoon production. Bacterial and fungal pathogens independently cause the highest cocoon loss, so the use of botanicals is considered an important strategy to control diseases of silkworm.

Results
The artificially infected silkworm, B. mori larvae with Bacillus thuriengiensis when treated with concentrations of 2 and 3% of black seed and basil leaves extracts increased significantly larval weight and decreased larval mortality. In addition, 3% basil leaves extract and 1% of black seed increased pupal weight. Cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight increased significantly by 3% basil leaves extract treatment. All tested concentrations of black seed extract increased the silk ratios of the resulted cocoons as compared to the infected control. For technological parameters, all tested extracts at 3% concentration caused the highest silk filament length; meanwhile control larvae recorded the highest silk filament weight and size. Regarding the mulberry silkworm, B. mori artificially infested with conidial solution of Beauveria bassiana when treated with all concentrations of the tested plants showed an enhancement in larval weight, pupal weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, silk filament length, and filament weight and reduced the larval mortality percentage. The highest silk filament size were recorded for the control group.

Conclusions
Tested concentrations of Morus alba, Ocimum basilicum leaves extracts and Nigella sativa seeds extract have suppressed the bacterial and fungal disease spread when used three times through both 4th and 5th larval instars. Moreover, the biological characters and technological traits enhanced by using of these extracts, so it can be used in sericulture for improving cocoon crop quality and quantity.
Levels of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 correlate with disease activity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab
Authors: Tuckwell Katie , Gabay Cem , Sornasse Thierry , Laubender Ruediger Paul , Wang Jianmei , Townsend Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor, has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because RA is a heterogenous disease and patient response to treatments can vary, identifying characteristics that predict which patients are more likely to respond to TCZ is important for optimal patient care. Serum levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) have been associated with response to TCZ in patients with RA.

Objectives
To evaluate the association of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 with disease activity and response to TCZ in patients with early RA and those with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD-IR).

Methods
Baseline and week 24 serum CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels were measured using available patient samples from the FUNCTION (early RA) and LITHE (DMARD-IR) trials. Correlations between CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints calculated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) at baseline and between change in CXCL13 and sICAM-1 and change in DAS28-ESR at week 24 were estimated. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 changes from baseline to week 24 were compared between treatment arms. The effects of TCZ treatment and baseline DAS28-ESR, CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels on DAS28-ESR remission and 50% improvement per the American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) response at week 24 were determined.

Results
Overall, 458 patients from FUNCTION and 287 patients from LITHE were included. Correlation of baseline serum CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels with DAS28-ESR was weak to moderate. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels decreased significantly at week 24 in TCZ-treated patients in both the early-RA and DMARD-IR populations. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 changes correlated moderately to weakly with DAS28-ESR changes at week 24 in both populations. The treatment regimen, but not baseline CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels, had a significant effect on the likelihood of DAS28-ESR remission and ACR50 response.

Conclusions
Although CXCL13 and sICAM-1 are modestly associated with RA disease activity, they do not predict response to TCZ in all RA populations.
A meeting report: OECD-GESIS Seminar on Translating and Adapting Instruments in Large-Scale Assessments (2018)
Authors: Behr Dorothée , Zabal Anouk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis report summarizes the main themes and conclusions from the OECD-GESIS Seminar on Translating and Adapting Instruments in Large-Scale Assessments, which took place at the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, in June 2018. The five sessions covered the topics (1) etic (universal) vs. emic (culture-specific) measurement instruments, (2) language- and culture-sensitive development of measurement instruments, (3) international guidelines vs. implementation in countries and by translators, (4) tools and technological developments, and (5) quality control of translations. Key players in the field presented on best practice, lessons learned, and innovations and also made suggestions for moving the field forward.
Implication of Porphyromonas gingivalis in colitis and homeostasis of intestinal epithelium
Authors: Seo Yoojin , Oh Su-Jeong , Ahn Ji-Su , Shin Ye Young , Yang Ji Won , Kim Hyung-Sik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmerging evidences have reported that periodontitis can be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the crucial pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has been spotlighted as a potential cause for the promotion and acceleration of periodontitis-associated systemic disorders. To investigate the association between Pg and intestinal disease or homeostasis, we treated Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine colitis model or intestinal organoid, respectively. Pg-derived LPS (Pg LPS) was administrated into chemically induced murine colitis model and disease symptoms were monitored compared with the infusion of LPS derived from E. coli (Ec LPS). Organoids isolated and cultured from mouse small intestine were treated with Pg or Ec LPS and further analyzed for the generation and composition of organoids. In vivo observations demonstrated that both Pg and Ec LPS exerted slight protective effects against murine colitis. Pg LPS did not affect the generation and growth of intestinal epithelial organoids. Among subtypes of epithelial cells, markers for stem cells, goblet cells or Paneth cells were changed in response to Pg LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that Pg LPS leads to partial improvement in colitis and that its treatment does not significantly affect the self-organization of intestinal organoids but may regulate the epithelial composition.
CYP2D6 Genotype Predicts Tamoxifen Discontinuation and Prognosis in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: He Wei , Grassmann Felix , Eriksson Mikael , Eliasson Erik , Margolin Sara , Thorén Linda , Hall Per , Czene Kamila 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE To examine the association between CYP2D6 genotype, discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy, and prognosis for breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective-retrospective study linking data from a clinical breast cancer register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and self-reported questionnaires. We genotyped CYP2D6 in 1,309 patients with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen and were diagnosed from 2005 to 2012; they were categorized as poor, intermediate, normal, or ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers. We investigated whether metabolizer status was associated with tamoxifen discontinuation and prognosis for breast cancer using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The 6-month discontinuation rates of tamoxifen among poor, intermediate, normal, and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers were 7.1%, 7.6%, 6.7%, and 18.8%, respectively. A U-shaped association was found between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and breast cancer–specific mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.59 (95% CI, 1.01 to 6.67) for poor, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.72 to 3.05) for intermediate, 1 (reference) for normal, and 4.52 (95% CI, 1.42 to 14.37) for ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers. CONCLUSION Both poor and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers of tamoxifen have a worse prognosis for breast cancer compared with normal metabolizers after receiving a standard dose of tamoxifen. This U-shaped association might call for individualized tamoxifen dosage.
Law, Violence, History
Authors: Oyarzún Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article offers a reading of the concluding paragraph of Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence.” It discusses Benjamin's assertion that only a philosophical-historical approach can provide the key to a critique of violence in light of his essay's discussion of legal violence, and in light of his discovery of radically different types of violence. Benjamin argues that the legal order remains enclosed in a cycle of law-positing and law-preserving violence. Moreover, the legal order inherits the essential trait of myth and of mythic violence: ambiguity. This article shows that guilt is the destiny of those subjected to mythic (and legal) forms of violence. The fateful cycle of legal violence can be undone only by the irruption of an absolutely heterogeneous type of violence, which Benjamin calls divine violence. Its peculiarity consists in the fact that, in deposing legal violence (and the legal order as a whole), divine violence also deposes itself as violence. Although divine violence cannot be attested to as a fact or as a force unequivocally acting in the profane—that is, the human—context, it is nevertheless immanent to the profane world. Its immanence is the immanence of the messianic.
Broadband-Millimeter-Wave Absorber Based on ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Namai Asuka , Ogata Koreyoshi , Yoshikiyo Marie , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High-speed wireless communication plays a significant role in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. 120-GHz and 140-GHz band millimeter waves have potential in broadcasting wireless communications, wireless data transmissions between cellular base stations, and traffic monitoring sensors in intersection areas for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Herein we report a magnetic millimeter wave absorber composed of TiIV–CoII substituted ε-Fe2O3, which is a series of ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 nanomagnets (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.048). ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 shows magnetic hysteresis loops, and the coercive field changes from 20.0 kOe (x = 0) to 8.4 kOe (x = 0.048) with increasing x. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements show that ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 exhibits millimeter wave absorption peaks at 140 GHz with full width at half maximum (Δf) = 15 GHz for x = 0.033 and at 121 GHz with Δf = 24 GHz for x = 0.048. These broadband absorptions are useful for noise suppression over a wide frequency range.
Sequence-Specific PI Polyamides Make It Possible to Regulate DNA Structure and Function
Authors: Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As part of our research over the past 20 years, we have designed sequence-specific DNA-binding ligands that are based on the chemical molecular recognition of bases in nucleic acids. The DNA minor groove-binding molecules, N-methylpyrrole (P), and N-methylimidazole (I) polyamides, have been developed to regulate the specific gene expression or high-order DNA structures and visualize specific DNA sequences in cells. The binding properties of PI polyamides were designed to target specific sequences for various chemical applications. The development of PI polyamides may be useful when applying the vast base sequence information obtained from recent genomic-level research.
Development of Planar Chiral Five-Membered Cyclic (Amino)(ferrocenylene)carbene Ligand and Its Iridium Dicarbonyl Complex
Authors: Takagaki Waka , Yasue Risa , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA five-membered cyclic (amino)(ferrocenylene)carbene (CAFeC) ligand was developed as the counterpart of existing seven- and six-membered planar chiral CAFeC ligands to enrich the series. The novel CAFeC was subjected to carbene trapping experiments with sulfur and an iridium complex. The resulting sulfur adduct and Ir dicarbonyl complex were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of the Ir dicarbonyl complex revealed that the donor strength of the new CAFeC is high, as expected.
Differential privacy in the 2020 US census: what will it do? Quantifying the accuracy/privacy tradeoff
Authors: Petti Samantha , Flaxman Abraham 
Published: December 2019

Background: The 2020 US Census will use a novel approach to disclosure avoidance to protect respondents’ data, called TopDown. This TopDown algorithm was applied to the 2018 end-to-end (E2E) test of the decennial census. The computer code used for this test as well as accompanying exposition has recently been released publicly by the Census Bureau. Methods: We used the available code and data to better understand the error introduced by the E2E disclosure avoidance system when Census Bureau applied it to 1940 census data and we developed an empirical measure of privacy loss to compare the error and privacy of the new approach to that of a simple-random-sampling approach to protecting privacy. Results: We found that the empirical privacy loss of TopDown is substantially smaller than the theoretical guarantee for all privacy loss budgets we examined. When run on the 1940 census data, TopDown with a privacy budget of 1.0 was similar in error and privacy loss to that of a simple random sample of 50% of the US population. When run with a privacy budget of 4.0, it was similar in error and privacy loss of a 90% sample. Conclusions: This work fits into the beginning of a discussion on how to best balance privacy and accuracy in decennial census data collection, and there is a need for continued discussion.
Is the primary care network the answer to increase student nurse capacity in general practice?
Authors: Heath Shaun 
Published: December 2019

Primary care networks have the potential to increase student nurse placements in general practice. Shaun Heath explores how effective learning environments can be created and the concept of the ‘community of practice’This article explores how the emerging primary care networks (PCNs) could be used to increase student nurse placements in primary care, and how they could facilitate nurses in breaking free from isolative working. Known as a ‘community of practice’, working with our peers and colleagues from neighbouring practices alongside students could facilitate the growth of the network itself, share the educational load with the nurses in the PCN, and create nursing leadership with shared educational advancements. Could PCNs be what general practice nurses need to find their voices and develop their ambitions of becoming leaders?
Nivolumab-Induced Concomitant Severe Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Effects
Authors: Alhatem Albert , Patel Krishan , Eriksen Brenda , Bukhari Sarosh , Liu Chen 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Immunotherapy agents such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programed cell death protein-1 inhibitors show efficacy in cancer therapy but are associated with immune-related adverse events. It commonly presents as diarrhea but can cause colitis, mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Our patient is a 78-year-old man on nivolumab therapy for metastatic lung cancer who developed new onset nausea and diarrhea. Endoscopy revealed inflammation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, and histology revealed transmural colon and gastric inflammation. We present a fascinating case of severe concomitant aphthous ulcers, esophagitis, gastritis, and enterocolitis.
Segmental Colitis Associated With Diverticulosis Causing Hydroureteronephrosis
Authors: Al-Obaid Lolwa , McCarty Thomas R. , Bazarbashi Ahmad Najdat , Wieczorek Tad J. , Rangel Erika , Homenko Daria 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) is a rare inflammatory condition affecting segments of the colon with diverticular disease. We present an 85-year-old woman with flank pain, fevers, and chills found on imaging to have left colonic wall thickening and left-sided hydroureteronephrosis and workup confirming a diagnosis of SCAD. A detailed review of SCAD and discussion of the differential diagnosis are provided. This case emphasizes disease-specific clinical pearls and highlights hydroureteronephrosis as a rare complication seen in a patient with SCAD.
Challenges in Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis With Concurrent Graves Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Nguyen Ngan , Reddy Yala Kirthi , Jain Nidhi , Patel Vanisha , James Deirdre , Sistani Bobbak , Steinberg Helmut 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The management of concurrent Graves thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can be challenging. We present a 37-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of Graves disease and acute liver injury. Laboratory workup was concerning for AIH. Liver biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration and interface hepatitis consistent with AIH, and treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated. Azathioprine was started after thiopurine methyltransferase testing, and prednisone was tapered down. Thionamide use was contraindicated, so clinical euthyroidism was achieved with the use of cholestyramine and glucocorticoids. Our case highlights the complexities of management when patients are affected by 2 concurrent illnesses.
Graft-vs-Host Disease Colitis After Lung Transplant
Authors: Kanthasamy Kavin , Chang Mimi Tan , Kaur Manreet 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Graft-vs-host disease, characteristically a major complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is rare after solid organ transplantation. We report a 50-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea shortly after bilateral lung transplantation. Colonoscopy with biopsy revealed diffuse severe active colitis with ulceration and crypt apoptosis consistent with graft-vs-host disease colitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of donor lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. His symptoms were refractory to corticosteroids but responded to the addition of infliximab and extracorporeal photophoresis. He remained in remission 17 months later.