bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic: Increased risk for psychopathology in Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Via Esther , Estrada-Prat Xavier , Tor Jordina , Virgili Carles , Fàbrega Marina , Duran Laura , Alda José A , Keating Charlotte , Dolz Montserrat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is prompting multiple stressors -including control strategies such as lockdown- which may impact child and adolescent mental health. 1,529 caregivers answered an online questionnaire about emotional and behavioral symptoms of youths (4-18 years old) using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC). Percentage of above-the-risk-threshold PSC scores (PSC+) were compared with a baseline measure. Associations between lockdown PSC scores and selected variables were evaluated using a linear regression analysis. PSC+ significatively increased from 13% to 34.7%, baseline to lockdown, mostly driven by depression and anxiety symptoms and with greater risk at younger ages. Youths’ and parents’ positive mental health history additionally increased this risk. In children, caregivers’ stress and depression was the stronger predictor of lockdown PSC scores; in adolescents it was the coping style. These findings suggest a significant mental health impact on children and adolescents associated with COVID-19 pandemic response. Younger ages should be closely monitored.
SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control at healthcare facilities in South Africa: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey of health workers in four provinces
Authors: Moodley Saiendhra Vasudevan , Zungu Muzimkhulu , Malotle Molebogeng , Voyi Kuku , Claassen Nico , Ramodike Jonathan , Thunzi Nkululeko , Mlangeni Nosimilo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Health workers are crucial to the successful implementation of infection prevention and control strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facilities. The aim of our study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control knowledge and attitudes of frontline health workers in four provinces of South Africa as well as explore some elements of health worker and health facility infection prevention and control practices.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilised. The study population comprised both clinical and non-clinical staff working in the casualty and outpatient departments. A structured questionnaire was developed using the World Health Organization guidance as the basis for the knowledge questions. The questionnaire was self-administered, and COVID-19 protocols were observed during data collection.Results: A total of 286 health workers from 47 health facilities at different levels of care participated in the survey. The mean score on the 10 knowledge items was 6.3 (SD=1.6). Approximately two-thirds of participants (67.4%) answered six or more questions correctly while less than a quarter of all participants (24.1%) managed to score eight or more. A knowledge score of 8 or more was significantly associated with occupational category (being either a medical doctor or nurse), age (<40 years) and level of hospital (tertiary level). Only half of participants (50.7%) felt adequately prepared to deal with patients with COVD-19 at the time of the survey. The health workers displaying attitudes that would put themselves or others at risk were in the minority. Only 55.6% of participants had received infection prevention and control training. Some participants indicated they did not have access to medical masks (11.8%) and gloves (9.9%) in their departments.Conclusions: The attitudes of participants reflected a willingness to engage in appropriate SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control practices as well as a commitment to be involved in COVID-19 patient care. Ensuring adequate infection prevention and control training for all staff and universal access to appropriate PPE were identified as key areas that needed to be addressed. Interim and final reports which identified key shortcomings that needed to be addressed were provided to the provincial departments of health.
Modeling the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19: Agent-based approach including molecular dynamics simulation and SEIR type methods
Authors: Lohrasebi Amir , Aghaei Fatemeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study we developed a SEIR model, including social interactions and individual human mobility in everyday activities. For this purpose, daily mobility of people was considered by using the molecular dynamic method and the virus spreading was modeled employing the ordinary SEIR scheme. Utilizing this model, the variation of population size, density, and health strategy as well as the effect of busy places such as malls, were considered. The results show that, our flexible model is able to consider the effects of different parameters such as distance between peoples, local population density and health strategy in the outbreak.
A Study on Statistical Modelling on Recovery Informatics of Covid19
Authors: Datta Jaydip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article the positive cases of Covid19 in India with effect from 7th September, 2020 to 25th October, 2020 are analysed for statistical relevance . The scattered data are used to find out a model equation correlating two variables number of recovered Covid –patient with an interval of regular seven days . The best fit regression analysis shows a significant correlation of Pearson coefficient (r) with standard error ( s ) with a second –order rate law .The rate constant (k) obtained from this model can be simulated to stability aspects of antiviral drug modelling like Remdesivir as an objective of this work .
Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications of COVID-19 Detected by CT Angiogram and Venous Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Lee Edison , Krajewski Adam , Clarke Cynthia , O’Sullivan David , Herbst Timothy , Lee Steven 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To investigate the incidence of thromboembolic events, specifically pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), in patients tested positive for COVID-19 through RT-PCR in a regional healthcare system in Connecticut.MATERIALS AND METHODS. All CT angiogram (CTA) and venous duplex extremity ultrasound (US) examinations performed on 192 consecutively documented cases of COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed at a multi-centered healthcare system. Clinical characteristics and patient outcomes were evaluated and compared between two groups based on the presence or absence of acute thromboembolic events.RESULTS. Of the 16,264 patients tested for COVID-19, 3,727 (23%) were positive. Out of those, 192 patients underwent 245 vascular imaging studies including chest CTA (86), venous duplex ultrasound (134), and CTA head and neck (25). Among those who underwent imaging, 49 (26%) demonstrated acute thromboembolic events which included 13/86 (15%) with PE, 34/134 (25%) with DVT, and 6/25 (24%) with CVA. One patient had positive results on all 3 examinations and 2 patients had positive results on both chest CTA and venous duplex US. Males were more likely to have a thromboembolic event than females (33/103 (34%) vs. 14/89 (16%), p=0.009). No significant difference was observed with respect to age, cardiopulmonary comorbidities, malignancy history, diabetes, or dialysis.CONCLUSION. Approximately 26% of COVID-19 patients with positive testing who underwent vascular imaging with CTA or venous duplex ultrasound had thromboembolic events including PE, DVT, and CVA. This indicates that COVID-19 patients are at increased risk for thromboembolic complications.
Physical exercise and economic burden associated with anxiety symptoms in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Deng Jie , Hu Chunhui , Ning Yuxin , Xu Ping , Lu Chen , Wang Jiaqi , Sun Junyi , Shou Shicong , Chen Min , Duan Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 with high infectivity and high concealment has been widely spread around the world. This major public health event has caused anxiety among the public, including pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of anxiety symptoms in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors.Methods: Using an ongoing prospective pregnancy registry, we performed a single center cross-sectional analysis to investigate the overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online questionnaires were used to collect information including sociodemographic data, physical activity and economic situations. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. The univariate regression analysis was performed to detect factors potentially influencing anxiety symptoms among pregnant women. The multivariate regression analysis was also conducted to analyze the association of physical exercise and economic burden with anxiety symptoms by adjusting for other variables.Results: A total of 1,517 pregnant women entered the analysis. The study reported that 31.64% of the respondents had anxiety symptoms. Those with bank loans were at higher odds of suffering from anxiety symptoms compared to those without bank loans [(adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.494, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.181~1.889]. Those who took 2,000~5,000 steps/day (aOR 0.825, 95% CI 0.603~0.875) and >5,000 steps/day (aOR 0.924, 95% CI 0.439~0.945) were at lower odds of suffering from anxiety symptoms compared to those who took <500 steps/day. Similarly, the adjusted odds ratios for anxiety symptoms was 0.750 (95% CI 0.663~0.790) and 0.800 (95% CI 0.226~0.889) lower in participants with exercise frequencies of 4-6, and ≥7 times/week, compared to those with a frequency of <2 times/week.Conclusions: Three in ten pregnant women experienced anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, and anxiety symptoms showed association with bank loans and physical exercise. To prevent anxiety of pregnant women, the promotion of healthy lifestyles, improvement of mental health services, and expansion of social support should be implemented during epidemics. In parallel, the integration of psycho-educational interventions with mental health services among public health centers is required to minimize anxiety symptoms in pregnancy women.
A Community-enabled Readiness for first 1000 Days Learning Ecosystem (CRADLE) for first-time families: study protocol of a three-arm randomised controlled trial
Authors: Loy See Ling , - Thilagamangai , Teo Joyce , Chan Sze Wern , Razak Nurul Khairani Abdul , Chay Oh Moh , Ng Kee Chong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced parenting self-efficacy (PSE) contributes to positive parenting and future parental-child health. First-time parents, in particular, are in need of support since the pregnancy until post-delivery to strengthen their early PSE. However, there is a lack of effective and sustainable relevant programmes in the community. The Community-enabled Readiness for first 1000 Days Learning Ecosystem (CRADLE) aims to develop a self-learning eco-community throughout the pregnancy and early childhood to promote PSE among first-time parents. We apply choice architecture strategy using behavioural nudges and midwife-led continuity care during the first 1000 days, and test their effects on PSE and mother-child health for first-time families in Singapore.Methods: This three-arm randomised controlled trial will recruit up to 750 pregnant women from the KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive: (1) standard routine care; (2) behavioural nudges (text messages) along with the use of a social media platform; or (3) midwife-led continuity care involving individualised teleconferencing sessions, during pregnancy and post-delivery. Using web-based questionnaires, participants will be assessed for baseline socio-demography and health status in the first trimester, with follow-up assessments in the third trimester, at birth, 6-week (primary end-point), 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month post-delivery. The primary outcome is PSE. Secondary outcomes include health and birth experience, mental wellness, feeding practice, maternal and child nutritional status. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed using general linear models to test the effects of interventions across three arms. Recruitment has begun in June 2020 and is estimated to complete in September 2022.Discussion: This study may identify a sustainable effective strategy in the community by helping first-time parents to have a positive experience during the pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood, leading to an enhanced PSE and health outcomes for both mother and child. Findings from this study will provide insight into the implementation of early parenting and mother-child care programmes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 04275765. Registered on 19 February 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04275765?term=NCT+04275765&draw=2&rank=1.
Limited effects from professional identity formation-oriented mentoring on self-regulated learning in a preclinical setting: a randomized-controlled study in Japan
Authors: Matsuyama Yasushi , Nakaya Motoyuki , Leppink Jimmie , Vleuten Cees van der , Asada Yoshikazu , Lebowitz Adam Jon , Sasahara Teppei , Yamamoto Yu , Matsumura Masami , Gomi Akira , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Okazaki Hitoaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Developing self-regulated learning in preclinical settings is important for future lifelong learning. Previous studies indicate professional identity formation, i.e., formation of self-identity with internalized values and norms of professionalism, might promote self-regulated learning．We designed a professional identity formation-oriented mentoring format and tested effectiveness on raising self-regulated learning in a pre-clinical year curriculum. Methods: A randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted using 112 students at Jichi Medical University. In six one-day problem-based learning sessions in a 7-month pre-clinical year curriculum, Groups A (n = 56, female 18, mean age 21.5y ± 0.7) and B (n = 56, female 11, mean age 21.7y ± 1.0) received professional identity formation-oriented mentoring: Group A had three sessions in the first half, B in the second half. Between-group identity stages and self-regulated learning levels were compared using professional identity essays and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire.Results: Two-level regression analyses showed no improvement in questionnaire categories but moderate improvement of professional identity stages over time (R2 = 0.069), regardless of timing of intervention. Conclusions: Professional identity moderately forms during the pre-clinical year curriculum. However, neither identity nor self-regulated learning is raised significantly by limited intervention.
Zimbabwe’s Indigenous SME policy Framework, a tool for black empowerment
Authors: Musabayana Godfrey Tambudzayi , Mutambara Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zimbabwe embarked on the policy to empower its local people through enacting into law a policy that targeted the empowerment of its citizens. The ‘Indigenisation and Empowerment Act’ (IEP) of Zimbabwe was made into law when the state President, Robert Mugabe signed the Act on March 7, 2008. It is stated in the (IEP) that the foreign-owned companies should offer at least 51 percent of their shares to indigenous Zimbabweans, and also provide for the creation of an empowerment fund to finance the acquisition of working capital, shares, and other forms of finance for indigenous people. The indigenisation process mainly focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as the key drivers of the new economic dispensation hence their performance is of great significance to this cause. This development was viewed by the citizens as the best strategy to implement in order to empower the nation to participate in the economic development of the country. Methodologically, the study critically analysed the literature of indigenisation policies that were applied by some regions of the world and how they impacted on the disadvantaged groups. The researcher went on to analyse the Zimbabwean indigenous policies and how they impacted the SMEs and drew insights from the findings of other researchers.
Tolerancia del garbanzo tipo “desi”, a bajas temperaturas en etapas tempranas del desarrollo
Authors: Acosta-Gallegos Jorge Alberto , Salas-Gómez Lilian Ivón , Cisneros-López Hugo César , Reyes Fuentes Mabiel , Rojas-Tovar Luis Manuel 
Published: November 2020

Introducción: En México el cultivo del garbanzo se realiza durante el ciclo Otoño-invierno y en ocasiones es dañado por temperaturas bajas. En la región del Bajío se cultiva tanto garbanzo blanco tipo “kabuli”, como de color café, tipo “desi”.Método: Se caracterizaron nueve genotipos de garbanzo café en dos ensayos bajo temperaturas bajas en dos etapas de desarrollo, la de germinación y vegetativa. Cuatro de ellos fueron variedades locales y cinco introducidas del ICRISAT, India. En el primer ensayo la semilla de los genotipos se germinó en cajas con arena estéril bajo dos temperaturas: 7.0 y 25 o C; se determinaron los días a la emergencia y al término de ésta las plántulas se midieron, secaron y pesaron. El segundo ensayo consistió en exponer plantas en etapa de 7 a 8 hojas compuestas, a temperatura de -4 o C por 60 minutos, con pre- y post tratamiento de 20 min a 4 o C, posteriormente se colocaron bajo el sol por dos horas; después se calificó en forma visual el daño en cada planta.Resultados: En el primer ensayo, a 25 o C todos los genotipos germinaron en cinco días (germinación promedio 91.3 %), mientras que a 7.0 o C la germinación fue del 80 % a los 20 días, que fue cuando se dio por concluido el ensayo, el porciento disminuyó de manera diferencial entre genotipos. ICC 3287, un material introducido, mostró la mayor germinación promedio (94.9 %) en ambas temperaturas, seguida de la variedad local Lerma con 89.3 %. La longitud del vástago y de la raíz mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.001) entre temperaturas, genotipos y su interacción; la temperatura baja disminuyó ambas características en forma diferencial. Por el contrario, el peso seco de la plántula fue similar entre temperaturas, con diferencias significativas (P <0 .001) entre genotipos e interacción temperatura y genotipo. En ambas temperaturas ICC 1263 fue el de mayor peso seguido de la variedad Lerma. En el segundo ensayo el genotipo ICC 6671 y Lerma mostraron el menor daño por temperatura baja en etapa vegetativa.Conclusión: Tres genotipos introducidos y uno local mostraron características sobresalientes: ICC 3287 mayor capacidad de germinación en ambas temperaturas probadas, ICC 1263 mayor peso seco de plántula en temperatura subóptima (7 o C); e ICC 6671 junto con la variedad Lerma mostraron tolerancia a baja temperatura (-4.0 o C) en etapa vegetativa.
Multiple and complex links between babyWASH and stunting: an evidence synthesis
Authors: Waller Amy , Lakhanpaul Monica , Godfrey Samuel , Parikh Priti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies have shown linkages between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and stunting in children under 2 years in sub-Saharan Africa. WASH interventions have been shown to reduce stunting rates; however, the biological mechanisms and socio-economic influences responsible for this trend remain poorly understood. This paper reviews the literature regarding these links, and the efficacy of both general WASH interventions and those targeted at children in their first 1,000 days, known as babyWASH, for stunting reduction. Fifty-nine papers published between 2008 and 2019 were reviewed, retrieved from Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases, comprising field trials and data analysis, and literature and systematic reviews. Key findings showed that stunting is directly attributed to diarrhoea, environmental enteric dysfunction and undernutrition although a more comprehensive understanding of these biological mechanisms is necessary. Interventions to interrupt the faecal transmission cycle proved to effectively reduce stunting rates, particularly improved sanitation facilities to reduce open defaecation, increased proximity to water and widespread behavioural change. Methodologies should move away from randomised controlled trials towards selected contexts, mixed data collection methods and inclusion of broader social, cultural and environmental conditions. Improved cross-sectoral collaboration is encouraged, particularly to ensure the complexity of social and contextual factors is fully considered.
Household water quality in areas irrigated with wastewater in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico
Authors: Vázquez-Salvador Nallely , Silva-Magaña Miguel Atl , Tapia-Palacios Marco Antonio , Mora-López Manuel , Félix-Arellano Eunice , Rodríguez-Dozál Sandra , Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio , Mazari-Hiriart Marisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Wastewater for irrigation in low- and middle-income countries can recharge aquifers and potentially contaminate supply sources. The infiltration rate has increased 13-fold in Mexico's Mezquital Valley, the largest agricultural area wastewater-irrigated worldwide, thus we assume that wastewater had contaminated supply sources. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) counts were enumerated in household water of two wastewater-irrigated areas, Tula and Tlahuelilpan, and a groundwater irrigated area, Tecozautla. During 2016–2017, household water, wastewater, and groundwater were sampled, analyzing fecal coliforms, fecal enterococci, and Escherichia coli, following membrane filtration procedures, and confirming the presence of E. coli by polymerase chain reaction. Nearly 50% of household water contained fecal contamination of up to 4.62 × 104 CFU/100 mL. Significant differences between FIB counts in household water from Tula and Tecozautla were observed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunnett tests. Household water samples from Tula contained highest FIB counts. Wastewater from Tula and Tlahuelilpan contained counts of six orders-of-magnitude of FIB. Counts were high when residual chlorine was &lt;0.2 mg L−1 and underwater storage. This research serves as a baseline to observe improvement with a newly installed wastewater treatment plant. Safe irrigation wastewater reuse should be performed under strict surveillance, considering human safety a priority.
Transferring the UK experience of raising water awareness to the Saudi situation: perceptions of Saudi students in the UK
Authors: Alsaluli A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the perceptions of 20 Saudi students in the UK investigating how to transfer experiences from the UK into the Saudi situation through a focus-group methodology. This method was made with such a focus group to get the general perceptions of Saudis students who have lived in the UK. The research concluded that the UK water companies present a useful model that will encourage the Saudi public to see themselves as stakeholders in addition to being consumers. There are significant barriers regarding the level of public participation required by these UK models. A cultural change is required to make the Saudi public see water conservation as their responsibility. Moreover, the concept of children educating adults in a mildly humorous way may not be transferrable to Saudi society.