bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Supervision for Supporting Control and Proactive Maintenance of Material Handling System
Authors: Hyla Paweł , Kosoń-Schab Agnieszka , Szpytko Janusz , Smoczek Jarosław 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Material handling systems, as an important part of different type of manufacturing processes, face the same challenges as manufacturing industries pushed nowadays forward by innovative ideas and technologies to the next level loudly announced as industry 4.0. Development of the next generation of automated manufacturing systems involves advanced approaches to material handling systems design and their close integration with the higher levels of manufacturing and production control and management, e.g. manufacturing execution systems (MES), enterprise resource planning (ERP). In the presence of increasing demands for manufacturing process optimization, the role of supervisory level of material handling systems is much more advanced today, ensuring not only data acquisition, visualization, monitoring, supervisory control, as well as synchronization with the higher control levels (FEM, ERP), but also providing functionality for supporting maintenance and decision-making processes to reduce downtimes, operations and maintenance costs. The article deals with the integration of control and maintenance functions in the hierarchical control system of a crane. The supervisory system for supporting control and proactive maintenance is prototyped at the laboratory overhead travelling crane. The article presents the control-measurement equipment and intelligent software tools implemented in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to aid decision-making process in proactive maintenance. The overview of the main components of the supervisory control and proactive maintenance subsystems is provided, and their respective role in control, supervision, and proactive maintenance is explained. The crane’s supervisory control includes the stereovision-based subsystem applied to identify the crane’s transportation workspace, determine the safety and time-optimal point-to-point trajectory of a payload. The proactive maintenance module consists of the human machine interface (HMI) supporting decision-making process, intelligent tools for upcoming downtime/failure prediction, and the crane's girder inspection using the metal magnetic memory technique.
The Profitability of Disposing of Vehicles Fulfilling the Older Euro Standards in Terms of CO2 Emission
Authors: Menes Maciej , Wiśniowski Piotr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The automotive market is developing very dynamically. In recent years, we can observe activities of automotive concerns in the production of new models of electric, hybrid and hydrogen vehicles, and conventional cars are supplied with increasingly economical and low-emission engines. There are also increasingly stringent standards related to exhaust emissions from the exhaust system. From September 1, 2018, passenger cars have to comply with the Euro 6d-Temp emission standard and be homologated according to the WLTP test procedure including the WLTC driving cycle and emission measurements in road traffic conditions. The exhaust components measured during the test, such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides or hydrocarbons, are toxic to living organisms. However, it seems that the most important issue in the long term may be the value of carbon dioxide emissions, the excess of which poses an ecological threat to the entire planet. The production of new vehicles equipped with modern complicated combustion engines, batteries, fuel cells and electronic devices is associated with a very high emission of this greenhouse gas The authors of the following article, based on their own research, sought to estimate the ecological profitability of replacing a used passenger car meeting the Euro-4 emissions standard for a new vehicle bearing in mind the value of carbon dioxide emissions during vehicle production. The analysis was to indicate how intensive the annual operation of the vehicle should be to make it profitable to recycle and replace it with a modern car with lower emissions considering the global sum of carbon dioxide emissions.
Experimental Strength Analysis of Riveted Joints Using Blind Rivets
Authors: Witek Lucjan , Lubas Monika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article presents results of experimental investigations of the lap blind riveted joint. The main goal of the work is determination of destructive load of the blind riveted joints. The blind rivets were originally used in the aircraft structures where access to both sides of the riveted structure is impossible. Blind rivets are now commonly used in many branches of industry because of their low cost. Moreover, the riveting process is uncomplicated. There are many publications about analysis of strength of solid rivets in the research literature. However, the strength analysis of the blind rivets was rarely undertaken. There is the research gap in the analysis of both the strength and the load capacity of blind riveted joints. The influence of selected geometrical parameters of the joint on the stress distribution and the destructive force was not widely described in literature. The first part of the work presents a review of standards and publications related to stress and strength analysis of blind riveted joints. The next part of the study describes experimental investigations of joints. The examined specimens were made out of AW 2017 aluminum alloy, cut from 1 [mm] thick sheet. Investigated blind rivets were made out of aluminum alloy. The lap joint with one rivet and the single row five-rivet joint were investigated. Moreover, the different size of hole chamfer were considered. The experimental tests were performed with the use of Zwick-Roell tension machine. The main results of experimental investigations are ultimate shear load diagrams. The influence of both the hole chamfer and the number of rivets on destructive force and shear diagrams of blind riveted joints were in detail analysed. After shear tests, the fractured rivets were magnified in order to explain the failure phenomenon of blind rivets. In the future research works the obtained results will be used in strength analysis of the blind riveted joints using the finite element method.
The Application of the BSSD Iono-Free Linear Combination Method in the Processing of Aircraft Positioning
Authors: Ćwiklak Janusz , Grzegorzewski Marek , Krasuski Kamil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of research into the use of the differentiation technique of BSSD (Between Satellite Single Difference) observations for the Iono-Free LC combination (Linear Combination) in the GPS system for the needs of aircraft positioning. Within the conducted investigations, a positioning algorithm for the BSSD Iono-Free LC positioning method was presented. In addition, an experimental test was conducted, in which raw observational data and GPS navigation data were exploited in order to recover the aircraft position. The examination was conducted for the Cessna 172 and the on-board dual-frequency receiver Topcon HiperPro. The experimental test presents the results of average errors of determining the position of the Cessna 172 in the XYZ geocentric frame and in the ellipsoidal BLh frame. Furthermore, the article presents the results of DOP (Dilution of Precision) coefficients, the test of the Chi square internal reliability test and the HPL and VPL confidence levels in GNSS precision approach (PA) in air transport. The calculations were performed in the original APS software (APS Aircraft Positioning Software) developed in the Department of Air Navigation of the Faculty of Aeronautics at the Polish Air Force University.
Results from Laboratory Tests of New Electric Brake Prototype
Authors: Grygorcewicz Paweł 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main idea of this article was to compare the results of new design electric brake to the older version of hydraulic brake in laboratory tests. The energy of braking should be very similar due to the same mass of the airplane. That is why the laboratory tests of both brakes were took place in the same stand. Of course, the parameters were similar but not at all. The main idea was to create the solution, which could be used in vehicle like airplane. The electric brakes could replace traditional hydraulic brake solution. The results could be interesting for every researcher who is interested in brakes. Other important idea of this article was to describe the tests of new electric brake prototype. The purpose of the tests was to check designing of electric brakes. The electric brake prototype should ensure sufficient efficiency, safety, reliability and durability during braking, which is required in certification processes and is particularly important when researching innovative solutions. It was really important to verify the design and check the parameters. Of course, there is really important to remember that in every new type of the prototype solutions there are many pros and cons, which are typical only for considered design. Nowadays every electric brake design is different because there is a lot of new concept.
Engine Cadets with and Without Additional Training on Training Vessel – Competences Comparison Case Study
Authors: Kamiński Piotr , Charchalis Adam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the last decade evolution of the requirements for training and professional competences of ship’s crewmembers, including ship engineers can be observed. Despite the implementation of training programs according to IMO requirements in maritime training centres, a different level of competence of young people beginning their professional career on ships in the engine department is observed. The article discusses general conventions, goals, and effects of the “BS Cadet Program” training program, introduced by one of the larger German ship-owner to improve the competencies of crewmembers at the operational level, who will take duties of the watch engineer in the ship engine room soon. General idea of this training program is reducing the time of the path career what is a standard in most shipping companies. Such idea in this program is utilised by directly merging theoretical knowledge with professional practice on special prepared training vessel. The work present also comparison of the acquired knowledge verification results of training participants with the results of engine cadets from last semester of the UMG Faculty of Engineering. The comparison includes computer exercises of Marine equipment and machineries (UNITEST Company – CBT) also genera ship and engine room knowledge checked by written test called “Final Test” carried out on the end of 3 months training.
Rotating Shaft Fault Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Network: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kolar Davor , Lisjak Dragutin , Pająk Michał 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the most important subsystems of the vehicles and machines operating currently in industry and transportation are the rotating subsystems. During the operation, due to the forcing factors influence, the technical state of them is changing and the failure can occur. Fault diagnosis is maintenance task considered as an essential in such subsystems, since possibility of an early detection and diagnosis of the faulty condition can save both time and money. To do this the analysis of the subsystems vibrations is performed. The identified technical state should be considered in a context of the ability and different inability states. Therefore, the first step of the diagnostic procedure is the ability and different inability states identification.
Traditional data-driven techniques of fault diagnosis require signal processing for feature extraction, as they are unable to work with raw signal data, consequently leading to need for both expert knowledge and human work. The emergence of deep learning architectures in condition-based maintenance promises to ensure high performance fault diagnosis while lowering necessity for expert knowledge and human work. This article presents authors initial research in deep learning-based data-driven fault diagnosis of rotating subsystems. The proposed technique input raw three-axis accelerometer signal as high-definition image into deep learning layers, which automatically extract signal features, enabling high classification accuracy.
Main Aspects of a Maritime E-Navigation Project
Authors: Korcz Karol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many devices and systems, including electronic ones, are used in the operation of sea-going vessels. Fast technological development in the field of electronics, radio communications and computer science inspires the more and more new proposals for the changes of these devices and systems. The rules and scope of sea-going vessels equipment, related to ensuring their safety, are strictly regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Considering the above, several countries have submitted to the IMO-Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) a proposal to prepare a vision of a broad strategy for incorporating new technologies in a structural manner, ensuring their compatibility with already existing different navigation and communication technologies and services. The overriding goal of this strategy would be to improve the efficiency, safety and reducing the cost of the entire system, providing global coverage and applicable to all types of sea-going vessels. In response to this proposal, the MSC decided to start work on the project “Preparation of e-navigation strategy”. The article presents the general concepts and goals of the e-navigation project. Priority needs of e-navigation users were also discussed. The key elements of the project are presented too. The radio communication aspects of the e-navigation project were also considered. Finally, the e-navigation Strategy Implementation Plan (SIP) and its progress were presented.
Planning the Flight Trajectory of a Passenger Aircraft with Regards to the Aspect of Pollutants Emission
Authors: Pawlak Małgorzata 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the ways to reduce the adverse impact of aircraft on the environment is through the determination of the trajectory of the flight on a given route that leads to reducing fuel consumption and, consequently, emission of pollutants in jet engines exhausts. Planning a flight in terms of minimizing emissions or fuel consumption is a complex task and difficult to implement due to the conditions in which the aircraft travels, but it is possible though. It is necessary to take into account the limitations resulting from the organization of the airspace and the rules therein, as well as the current weather conditions. The weather is one of the main factors determining the amount of fuel consumed, the time and cost of a particular flight on a given route. In addition to the main parameters, such as pressure and air density, it is extremely important to determine the air temperature, as well as the wind speed and direction. The temperature affects the speed of sound, based on which it is possible to determine the Mach number for a plane flying with a given true air speed (TAS). The speed and direction of wind, on the other hand, affect the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground (velocity over ground, VOG), and thus the duration of its flight. The article describes how the developed model of emission of pollutants in the exhausts of jet bypass engines can be useful for determining the trajectory of an aircraft in its cruise phase due to the criterion of pollutants emissions minimization. An exemplary analysis was carried out for selected aircraft moving along the route adopted for the research. The analysis covered various cruising altitudes and various meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction). The obtained results are illustrated graphically and discussed.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Properties of Non-Alloy Steel in Acidic Environment
Authors: Polasz Sylwia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article presents the influence of heat treatment on corrosion properties of non-alloy steel. This steel is used in machine elements. Heat treatment has a major impact on corrosion resistance of steel materials. Laboratory methods for measuring the corrosion rate consist of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and polarization curves. Instead of these types, there are also industrial methods of velocity corrosion measurements like researches in natural conditions and coupons corrosimetry. These days the most popular techniques of corrosion measurements are electrochemical measurements. In order to conduct impact assessments influent of heat treatment to corrosion properties there is need to proceed few steps like prepare samples, carry out heat treatment, hardness measurements, metallographical examination, prepare samples for corrosion and proceed corrosion researches by potentiodynamic method. An important element during researches is corrosion allowance, which has an impact influent on corrosion properties. This is the most popular and efficient method of corrosion protection. These days for corrosion protection are use paints or zinc coatings, cathode protection or stainless.
Reducing Emission of Harmful Toxic Substances by Trucks in the Aspect of Analysis of Selected Vehicle Operating Parameters and Human Factor
Authors: Szokało Agnieszka Aleksandra , Rychter Marcin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Digital tachographs as devices recording the work of a lorry and driver’s work are a constant factor in the work of a professional driver. It is therefore important to preserve the security of recording and storing electronic information. In this matter, cryptography also becomes an inseparable field of science. The control services set up to conduct roadside inspections do not detect all violations in the recording devices by encrypting information in information systems. One of the frequent vehicle operating parameters that can be falsified are the speed of the vehicle and its rotational speed, as well as the time and efficiency of the driver’s work. These parameters affect the amount of fuel consumption. The reduction of fuel consumption translates directly to the reduction of harmful substances emitted by the car to the environment. Variable compression engines are becoming the future of motoring in the case of internal combustion engines. It is noticeable that there are more frequent deliberate of regulations; and more violations rules concerning the proper functioning of recording devices by recording driver activity. Current methods of preventing violations are insufficient. The article points out the violations related to the actual rotational speed of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine in relation to the vehicle speed profile, which is directly related to the fuel consumption and the emission of harmful substances. The article describes the ways to reduce fuel consumption, of which the correct driving technique is important in addition to the previously marked parameters. The factors that increase the awareness of professional drivers in the aspect of proper driving techniques are described.
Brand Love as Mediator of the Brand Experience-Satisfaction-Loyalty Relationship in a Retail Fashion Brand
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Rodrigues Paula , Rodrigues Pedro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Framed by the consumer-brand relationship theory, this paper investigates the path from the brand-consumer behaviour interaction to the relationship durability and stability, through brand relationship quality. Specifically, it examines brand experience as an antecedent of brand love, and customer loyalty and satisfaction as outcomes in the retail setting. Based on 560 customers’ responses to a face-to-face questionnaire administered in a fashion brand retail store, research hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model. The findings suggest that brand experience influences brand love, with a higher incidence of sensory and affective dimensions. Brand love, in turn, influences customer loyalty, both directly and indirectly through customer satisfaction. This research contributes to the still understudied relation between brand experience and brand love in the retail context and to the need to understand the satisfaction-loyalty relation involving other variables as predictors. Nevertheless, results are limited to one specific retail fashion brand and generalizations should be taken carefully.
Scents of celebrities: Endorsers’ impact on buyers’ online perfume purchase
Authors: Mahdavi Mehdi , Barbosa Belem , Oliveira Zaíla , Chkoniya Valentina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Literature has highlighted the challenges of selling experience (vs. search) products online. In addition, the role of celebrity endorsers in purchase intention and attitudes towards brands has been emphasized by scholars. This article argues that celebrities provide cues on products’ sensorial characteristics that have been so far disregarded by extant literature. By choosing perfume as a complex experience product, twenty-seven participants from three countries were interviewed in order to find how endorsers could assist e-shoppers to identify fragrant characteristics in the absence of the real scent. The results of the qualitative content analysis reveal that endorsers’ personality traits and lifestyle could act as predictor of the type of scent. Scent categorization based on such traits are presented. This article provides valuable contributions to both researchers and practitioners interested in online sales of experience goods. Limitations and avenues for future search are also provided.
The “question-mark” MR anatomy of the cervico-thoracic ganglia complex: can it help to avoid mistaking it for a malignant lesion on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR?
Authors: Bialek Ewa J. , Malkowski Bogdan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Detectable uptake of 68Ga-PSMA-ligands in sympathetic ganglia may potentially lead to mistaking them for malignant lesions. Our aim was to investigate the anatomy of cervico-thoracic-ganglia-complex (CTG-C) in the MR part of multimodal 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR imaging, in view of PET factors hindering its proper identification.

Patients and methods
In 106 patients, 212 sites of the CTG-C were retrospectively reviewed to assess the radiotracer uptake (SUVmax), size, shape, position, symmetry of location and visual uptake intensity. Asymmetry of PSMA-ligand uptake and increased uptake were regarded as risk factors of malignancy.

Results
In 66.0% left (L) and 53.8% right (R) CTG-C we noticed configurations, resembling the shape of an exclamation-mark, a question-mark, or its part (called “typical”). Tumor-like CTG-C shapes (oval, binodular or longitudinal) were detected in 28.3% L-CTG-C and in 40.6% R-CTG-C. When visual assessment of PET suggested malignancy, the recognition of “typical” shape of underlying CTG-C on MR generated a rise in the accuracy of their proper identification (from 34.4% to 75%, χ2(1) = 70.4; p < 0.001). Recognizing the shape of the CTG-C as “typical” in MR allowed us to classify as “not-suspicious” 61.9% of all CTG-C which were treated as “suspicious” after sole PET assessment.

Conclusions
The characteristic shape of cervico-thoracic-ganglia-complex (resembling a question-mark, or its part) helps in proper recognition of CTG-C on multimodal whole-body 68Ga-PSMA-ligand PET/MR imaging, when detectable uptake might lead to considering pathology.