bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1, but not tolloid‐like 1, plays a dominant role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis
Authors: Wang Jun , Xie Xudong , Muench Nicole A. , Massoudi Dawiyat , Xu Chunmei , Greenspan Daniel S. , Feng Jian Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is caused by multiple factors involving a bacterial challenge and a susceptible host, although there is no report on gene mutation directly linked to this common disease. Mutations in the proteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) were identified in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, who display some dentin defects and alveolar bone loss. We previously reported essential roles of BMP1 and tolloid‐like 1 (TLL1), two closely related extracellular proteinases with overlapping functions, in mouse periodontium growth by simultaneous knockout (KO) of both genes, although the separate roles of BMP1 and TLL1 have remained unclear. Here, we have investigated whether and how BMP1 and TLL1 separately maintain periodontal homeostasis by comparing single Bmp1 KO and Tll1 KO with double KO (dKO) phenotypes.MethodsFloxed Bmp1 and/or Tll1 alleles were deleted in transgenic mice via ubiquitously expressed CreERT2 induced by tamoxifen treatment starting at 4‐weeks of age (harvested at 18‐weeks of age). Multiple approaches, including X‐ray, micro‐CT, calcein and alizarin red double‐labeling, scanning electron microscopy, and histological and immunostaining assays, were used to analyze periodontal phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.ResultsBoth Bmp1 KO and double KO mice exhibited severe periodontal defects, characterized by periodontal ligament (PDL) fiber loss and ectopic ossification in the expanded PDL area, and drastic reductions in alveolar bone and cementum volumes, whereas Tll1 KO mice displayed very mild phenotypes. Mechanistic studies revealed a sharp increase in the uncleaved precursor of type I collagen (procollagen I), leading to defective extracellular matrices.ConclusionsBMP1, but not TLL1, is essential for maintaining periodontal homeostasis. This occurs at least partly via biosynthetic processing of procollagen I, thereby maintaining appropriate levels of procollagen I and its activated products such as mature collagen I.
Single‐Particle Analysis on Plasmonic Nanogap Systems for Quantitative SERS
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Sim Kyunjong , Cha Seungsang , Oh Jeong‐Wook , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith advances in the design, synthesis and analysis of various metallic nanoparticles and substrates, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with plasmonic nanostructures has been extensively studied, and numerous SERS applications have been demonstrated in various applications including biomedical applications; however, the mechanism of SERS is not completely understood yet, and many challenges, including structural and spectral reproducibility, exist to achieve quantitative SERS analysis for practical and reliable use of SERS. Since SERS signal reproducibility mainly stems from structural reproducibility of targeted nanostructures, single‐particle SERS analysis is highly beneficial in understanding SERS signals generated from different plasmonic nanostructures and provides analytical insights that cannot be obtained with ensemble‐average spectrum‐based analysis. Single‐particle analysis is typically composed of single‐particle images and spectra, and the statistical results show the single‐particle SERS enhancement factor distribution of SERS signals and precise structure‐spectrum relationship. In particular, studying and evaluating single‐molecule SERS results require single‐particle analysis to fully understand how single‐particle images and spectra are correlated with how the position, orientation and resonance of a Raman dye affect single‐molecule SERS signals from individual nanoparticles, and this is often correlated with computational simulation results. In this mini‐review, we introduce key issues for quantitative SERS and present the fundamental SERS features obtained by single‐particle analysis, focused on plasmonic nanogap structures since these structures offer the very strong electromagnetic field‐based SERS signals with high controllability in structure and signal. We categorized the nanogap particle‐based SERS platforms into two different classes – plasmonic nanogap strctures with an intergap (the gap between two structures; intergap nanoparticles) and plasmonic nanogap structures with an intragap (the gap formed inside a single particle; intragap nanoparticles). Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in designing and synthesizing nanogap structures that deliver strong, reproducible, and reliable SERS signals for the quantitative SERS analysis.
Socioeconomic Status Drives Racial Disparities in HPV‐negative Head and Neck Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Farquhar Douglas , Sheth Siddharth , Zevallos Jose P. , Blumberg Jeffrey , Lumley Catherine , Patel Samip , Hackman Trevor , Weissler Mark C. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zanation Adam M. , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine drivers of the racial disparity in stage at diagnosis and overall survival (OS) between black and white patients with HPV‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData were examined from of a population‐based HNSCC study in North Carolina. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess racial disparities in stage at diagnosis and OS with sequential adjustment sets.ResultsA total of 340 black patients and 864 white patients diagnosed with HPV‐negative HNSCC were included. In the unadjusted model, black patients had increased odds of advanced T stage at diagnosis (OR 2.0; 95% CI [1.5–2.5]) and worse OS (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6) compared to white patients. After adjusting for age, sex, tumor site, tobacco use, and alcohol use, the racial disparity persisted for advanced T‐stage at diagnosis (OR 1.7; 95% CI [1.3–2.3]) and showed a non‐significant trend for worse OS (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.3). After adding SES to the adjustment set, the association between race and stage at diagnosis was lost (OR: 1.0; 95% CI [0.8–1.5]). Further, black patients had slightly favorable OS compared to white patients (HR 0.8, 95% CI [0.6–1.0]; P = .024).ConclusionsSES has an important contribution to the racial disparity in stage at diagnosis and OS for HPV‐negative HNSCC. Low SES can serve as a target for interventions aimed at mitigating the racial disparities in head and neck cancer.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1301–1309, 2021
Simple, Rapid Lipidomic Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Bovine Milk by Infusion‐Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bukowski Michael R. , Picklo Matthew J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBovine milk is a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other factors of which lipids comprise 3–5% of the total mass. Rapid analysis and characterization of the triacylglycerols (TAG) that comprise about 95% of the total lipid is daunting given the numerous TAG species. In the attached methods paper, we demonstrate an improved method for identifying and quantifying TAG species by infusion‐based “shotgun” lipidomics. Because of the broad range of TAG species in milk, a single internal standard was insufficient for the analysis and required sectioning the spectrum into three portions based upon mass range to provide accurate quantitation of TAG species. Isobaric phospholipid interferences were removed using a simple dispersive solid‐phase extraction step. Using this method, > 100 TAG species were quantitated by acyl carbon number and desaturation level in a sample of commercially purchased bovine milk.
LASER IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY AT 55: QUO VADIS?
Authors: Azov Vladimir A. , Mueller Larissa , Makarov Alexander A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLaser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) was one of the first practical methods developed for in situ analysis of the surfaces of solid samples. This review will encompass several aspects related to this analytical method. First, we will discuss the process of laser ionization, the influence of the laser type on its performance, and imaging capabilities of this method. In the second chapter, we will follow the historic development of LIMS instrumentation. After a brief overview of the first‐generation instruments developed in 1960–1990 years, we will discuss in detail more recent designs, which appeared during the last 2–3 decades. In the last part of our review, we will cover the recent applications of LIMS for surface analysis. These applications include various types of analyses of solid inorganic, organic, and heterogeneous samples, often in combination with depth profiling and imaging capability.
Role of lanthanum in microstructure evolution and enhanced magnetic properties of cerium‐containing sintered magnets
Authors: Wei Z. , Ying L. , Jun L. , Lele L. , Xi G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, lanthanum was applied to strip cast Ce−Fe−B alloy to improve its phase composition and microstructure. The results reveal that lanthanum doping can significantly enhance the proportion of 2 : 14 : 1 phase and improve the microstructure of Ce−Fe−B alloy. Besides, the influence of the starting alloys structure on the microstructure and magnetic properties of final multi‐phases cerium‐containing magnets was also systematically investigated. Compared to the multi‐phases magnet without lanthanum addition, a pronounced coercivity increment could be distinguished in lanthanum‐doping multi‐phases magnet, which could be attributed to the finer grain size together with ideal grain boundary. In this work, the superior performance of Hcj = 701.28 kA/m Br = 1.30 T, and (BH)max = 313.70 kJ/m3 were obtained by blending Nd−Fe−B alloy with (La0.35Ce0.65)‐Fe−B alloy to meet 25.0 wt.% lanthanum‐cerium utilization content, suggesting that the possibility to develop high abundant rare earth permanent magnetic materials.
A compact folded SIW multibeam antenna array for 5G millimeter wave applications
Authors: Cheng Yang , Dong Yuandan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel compact multilayer multibeam antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed in this letter for 5G millimeter wave (mm‐wave) applications. A multimode beam forming network (BFN) cascaded by phase compensation and coupling structures is folded to make the antenna array more compact. The phase difference between the output ports of traditional multimode beamforming network is very unstable, which would seriously affect the multibeam performance of antenna array. Therefore, the compensating phase shifter adopts the SIW transmission line structure with unequal length and width, which enables the multimode BFN achieving better performance in the bandwidth of 27–29 GHz. Four slot arrays are employed as the radiation structure. The overall structure of the proposed antenna consists of three parts, including a multimode beamforming network, a compensated phase shifter, and an SIW slot array. If these components are cascaded directly, the size of the antenna would be very large and the aperture efficiency will be low. So the proposed antenna is folded into three layers, one part for each layer. The overall antenna size is 66.7 mm × 47.5 mm (6.23λ × 4.44λ at 28 GHz). The antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that four deflected beams are realized in the band of 27–29 GHz. The radiation beams demonstrate a wide azimuthal coverage of ±48 deg, and a peak gain of 16.8 dBi for Port 1 excitation and 17.3 dBi for Port 2 excitation. The simulated radiation efficiency is better than –2 dB from 27 to 29 GHz. The proposed antenna features a compact size, low profile, good radiation performance, which is well suited for applications in the 5G mm‐wave communication systems.
Fluid stabilization of the u−w Biot's formulation at large strain
Authors: Navas Pedro , Pastor Manuel , Yagüe Angel , Stickle Miguel Martín , Manzanal Diego , Molinos Miguel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDynamic problems of fluid‐saturated soils have to be assessed through a complete formulation where dynamic terms take place. The main dynamic Biot's formulation, the , is employed widely in the literature in order to accurately study the dynamic phenomena. However, depending on the spatial discretization this formulation is utilizing, numerical errors may appear within this approach. The proposed methodology, which is presented in this research, aims to solve the aforementioned problems within an elegant algorithm. Two interesting environmental applications, a consolidation of a fluid‐saturated soil and the seepage of the water through an earth dam, are presented in this paper.
Exact solutions of convective–diffusive Cahn–Hilliard equation using extended direct algebraic method
Authors: Rehman Hamood Ur , Ullah Naeem , Asjad Muhammad Imran , Akgül Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we apply the extended direct algebraic method to examine the soliton solutions as well as hyperbolic and trigonometric functions solutions of convective–diffusive Cahn–Hilliard equation describing the dynamic of separation phase for ternary iron alloys of (Fe ‐ Cr ‐ Mo) and (Fe ‐ X ‐ Cu). The outcomes reveal that our technique is very dynamic and straightforward. It is observed that the obtained exact solutions of this model are new in the literature. Moreover, various 2D and 3D graphs of the obtained solutions are presented to examine the physical understanding of the obtained results.
Electronic cigarette use is negatively associated with body mass index: An observational study of electronic medical records
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed M. , Alanazi Abdullah M. M. , Almutairi Abdulaziz S. , Pavela Gregory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveVaping is advertised as a method to mitigate weight gain after smoking cessation; however, while there is an established inverse association between conventional tobacco use and body mass index (BMI), there is little research on the relationship between e‐cigarettes and BMI. This research tested whether e‐cigarette use was associated with BMI.MethodsA secondary data analysis of 207,117 electronic medical records from the UAB was conducted. Patient data from 1 September 2017 through 1 June 2018 were extracted. To be included in the analysis, a patient's record had to include measures of e‐cigarette use and key sociodemographic information. Ordinary least squares regression was used to test the association between e‐cigarette use and BMI, controlling for covariates; unconditional quantile regression was used to determine whether the association varied by BMI quantile. For comparison with tobacco smoking, the association between current tobacco smoking and BMI was estimated in a sample from the same population.ResultsRespondents in the sample had an average BMI of 30.8 and average age of 50.0 years when BMI was measured. The sample was 51% female, 49.7% white, 46.7% black, and 1.0% Hispanic; 16.4% of the sample had less than a college education and approximately 5% reported currently using e‐cigarettes. Individuals who reported using e‐cigarettes had, on average, a lower BMI compared to those who did not report currently using e‐cigarettes; results indicated that this association did not significantly vary by BMI quantile. Individuals who reported being current smokers had a lower BMI, on average.ConclusionThese findings suggest that using e‐cigarettes is associated with a lower BMI in a population of individuals seeking health care, consistent with the association between conventional tobacco use and BMI. This study is a springboard for future research investigating the associations between e‐cigarette use, BMI, and risk of obesity in the general population.
Polymorphism of a semi‐crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene polymer
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Leenaers Pieter J. , Li Junyu , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFew semiconducting polymers are known that possess more than one semi‐crystalline structure. Guidelines for rationalizing or creating polymorphism in these materials do not exist. Two different semi‐crystalline polymorphs, β1 and β2, and an amorphous α phase have recently been identified for alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole‐quaterthiophene copolymers (PDPP4T). The polymorphs differ structurally by the π–π stacking distance, and electronically by the optical bandgap and charge carrier mobility. Here we investigate the corresponding terthiophene (PDPP3T) derivatives, to study the effect of the relative orientation of adjacent DPP units on the polymorphism. In PDPP3T, the relative orientation of DPP units alternates along the chain, while in PDPP4T it is constant. We show that the two polymorphs, β1 and β2, can also be generated for a PDPP3T polymer in solution and thin film. Interestingly, compared to PDPP4T, more solvents can induce the two distinct semi‐crystalline polymorphs for PDPP3T via a β1 → α → β2 polymorphic transition.
Variability and stability of coping styles among breast cancer survivors: A prospective study
Authors: Schou‐Bredal Inger , Ekeberg Øivind , Kåresen Rolf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to examine: (1) the long‐term association between coping styles and psychological distress, (2) if women diagnosed with breast cancer have a predominant coping style, (3) stability of coping styles, (4) predictors of changes in coping styles, (5) if maladaptive coping adversely impacts disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodsThis prospective study included women diagnosed with primary breast cancer during 2006–2009. Patients completed questionnaires for the Norwegian Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale, which includes positive attitude (PA), helplessness/hopelessness (HH), anxious preoccupation (AP), and avoidance (AV), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at diagnosis and 1, 3, and 5 years postdiagnosis.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐three of 367 women (79.8%) completed the questionnaires at all time points. Anxiety and depression were moderately to strongly correlated with HH and AP coping styles (r = 0.31 to r = 0.69) at all time points. The predominant coping style was PA (23.4–29.9%). Stability for PA and cognitive AV styles was found at the group level, but not at an individual level. Chemotherapy and comorbidity were predictors for HH, AP, and AV 5 years postdiagnosis (p < 0.05). Maladaptive coping was not associated with DFS.ConclusionsHH and AP were associated with higher psychological distress at all times. Group level coping remained stable over time for PA and AV. Coping style stability at an individual level was not observed. Having received chemotherapy and experienced adverse events affected coping at 5 years postdiagnosis. Maladaptive coping was not associated with DFS.
Flow‐synchronized NIPPV with double‐inspiratory loop cannula: An in vitro study
Authors: Moretti Corrado , Lista Gianluca , Carnielli Virgilio , Gizzi Camilla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough short binasal prongs (SBP) are the most common interface for noninvasive ventilation, the “double‐inspiratory loop cannulas” (DILC) have recently been introduced into many neonatal intensive care units. DILC show advantages over SBP, including reduced nasal trauma and increased comfort. However, their higher intrinsic resistance may compromise ventilation. Our aim was to test a new, low resistance DILC interface.MethodsA test lung was programmed to simulate preterm neonates (500–2000 g BW) with moderate‐to‐severe respiratory distress syndrome. The artificial nose was designed to keep prongs‐to‐nares leaks to around 30%. Giulia® ventilator (GINEVRI srl) was used to provide nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and flow synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NCPAP was set at 4–10 cmH2O and synchronized‐NIPPV (SNIPPV) at peak inspiratory pressure, 15–20–25 cmH2O; inspiratory time, 0.3–0.5 s; and positive end‐expiratory pressure, 5–8 cmH2O. Four sizes of Sync‐flow Cannula® (GINEVRI srl) were tested. The Sync‐flow Cannula® was compared with Neotech RAM® cannula and Ginevri SBP®. The outcome measures were the flow/pressure relationship through the four Sync‐flow Cannula® sizes, the difference in resistance, the drop in ventilator‐alveoli pressure measured by the test lung and the system response time during flow‐SNIPPV.ResultsThe smaller DILC sizes had the lowest flow‐pressure ratio. The resistance of the RAM® cannula was significantly higher compared to the other interfaces (p < .001). With 30% leaks, there was a 4–38% ventilator‐alveoli drop in pressure, depending on interface size. The system response time was excellent (~65–70 ms).ConclusionsWith about 30% leaks, the Sync‐flow Cannula® interfaces result in good pressure transmission and give optimal performance for flow‐SNIPPV. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the clinical relevance of these data.
Mostar indices of SiO2 nanostructures and melem chain nanostructures
Authors: Akhter Shehnaz , Imran Muhammad , Iqbal Zahid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVery recently, a bond‐additive topological invariant, known as the Mostar index, has been described as a measure of peripherality in networks and graphs. Since then, more versions of this index have been introduced and named the total Mostar index and the edge Mostar index. In this paper, we derive the Mostar indices of SiO2 nanostructures and C8 layer structures. Furthermore, we have also provided results related to the Mostar indices of melem chain nanostructures.
Fatigue and fatigue resistance in S1 excited state diarylethenes in electric fields
Authors: Nie Xing , Yang Yong , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of a directional electric‐field on the bonding of the undoped and sulfur doped diarylethene (DTE) switch molecule is investigated using next generation QTAIM (NG‐QTAIM). We introduce chemical bonding concepts in the form of the least and most preferred directions of charge density accumulation relative to a bond‐path, namely the precessions K and K′ that are demonstrated to be much more responsive to the electric‐field than the Laplacian ∇2ρ(rb). A concept of bond fatigue is presented in terms of the tendency for a bond‐path to rupture that provides directional versions of familiar bonding QTAIM concepts. Examples of fatigue resistance and fatigue are included where the applied electric‐field reduces and increases the tendency toward bond‐path rupture respectively. A brief discussion is undertaken of applications of the precessions K and K′ including switches, ring opening reactions and molecular rotary motors in the presence of fields that cause a redistribution of ρ(r).