bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of wind forcing in fjord wave modelling
Authors: Christakos Konstantinos , Furevik Birgitte R. , Aarnes Ole Johan , Breivik Øyvind , Tuomi Laura , Byrkjedal Øyvind 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number of marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality of wind forcing significantly affects the results. We investigate the role of wind forcing on wave conditions in a fjord system partly exposed to open sea. For this reason, we implemented the wave model SWAN at the west coast of Norway using four different wind forcing. Wind and wave estimates were compared with observations from five measurement sites. The best results in terms of significant wave height are found at the sites exposed to offshore conditions using a wind input that is biased slightly high compared with the buoy observations. Positively biased wind input, on the other hand, leads to significant overestimation of significant wave height in more sheltered locations. The model also shows a poorer performance for mean wave period in these locations. Statistical results are supported by two case studies which also illustrate the effect of high spatial resolution in wind forcing. Detailed wind forcing is necessary in order to obtain a realistic wind field in complex fjord terrain, but wind channelling and lee effects may have unpredictable effects on the wave simulations. Pure wave propagation (no wind forcing) is not able to reproduce the highest significant wave height in any of the locations.
Smartphone ophthalmoscopy: patient and student practitioner perceptions
Authors: Nagra Manbir , Huntjens Byki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt can take several years to become proficient at direct ophthalmoscopy; the instrument’s single eyepiece allows only one individual to view the image at a time, which is considered disadvantageous during teaching. The introduction of smartphone ophthalmoscopes enables groups of teachers and students to view images together which could encourage peer-to-peer learning. In addition, the technology is significantly cheaper than the direct ophthalmoscope. User acceptability and engagement is essential to the success of any (medical) technological innovation. We sought to understand student opinions of a new commercially-available smartphone device for fundus examination, and compare usability to the traditional ophthalmoscope, from the perspective of both student practitioners and patients. Fifty-four undergraduate optometry students with prior experience of the traditional direct ophthalmoscope were asked to examine at least one eye with the D-EYE smartphone ophthalmoscope and also given an opportunity to experience the D-EYE from a patient’s perspective. Minimal instructions were provided and all examinations conducted through undilated pupils. Participants completed an opinion survey to feedback on aspects such as the ease of handling and working distance. Compared to the direct ophthalmoscope, 92% of students preferred the (longer) working distance of the D-EYE; 77% felt it was easier to handle; and 92% preferred the patient experience with the D-EYE. Despite the positive feedback, only 43% of students preferred the D-EYE when assuming the role of the practitioner. Free text responses indicated that students felt the D-EYE may be most useful as a teaching tool. Student opinions indicated that smartphone ophthalmoscopes are an effective training tool for students as an accompaniment to learning the traditional ophthalmoscope method.
Sol–gel alumina coating on quartz substrate for environmental protection
Authors: Bouzbib Mohammed , Pogonyi Andrea , Kolonits Tamás , Vida Ádám , Dankházi Zoltán , Sinkó Katalin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransparent γ-Al2O3 thin film can be utilized as an absorbent or protective layer in environmental protection. The aim of the present research work is to improve the structural and optical properties of γ-Al2O3 thin film. Al2O3 thin films were synthesized by various newly developed routes based on colloidal technique and sol–gel chemistry. Many types of starting materials (Al acetate, nitrate, isopropoxide, boehmite, and Al2O3 powders) and additives (acetic acid, HCl, HNO3, citric acid) were used in the experiments. Suspension and gel-like precursor systems were compared for layer creation. The layers were characterized by their morphology (GIXRD), surface and thickness (SEM), as well as transparency (UV–visible spectroscopy). The best quality of layer (∼90% transmittance, 50–60 nm thickness, perfect covering) has been obtained by sol–gel technique starting from Al nitrate or Al acetate.
A clinical perspective of parathyroid hormone related hypercalcaemia
Authors: Han Chau H. , Fry Christopher H. , Sharma Pankaj , Han Thang S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are many causes of hypercalcaemia including hyperparathyroidism, drugs, granulomatous disorders and malignancy. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) related hypercalcaemia is most commonly caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and more rarely by familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). Algorithms for diagnosis of PTH related hypercalcaemia require assessment of a 24-h urinary calcium and creatinine excretion to calculate calcium/creatinine clearance ratio and radiological investigations including ultrasound scan and99mTc-sestamibi-SPECT/CT. To illustrate investigations and management of parathyroid-related hypercalcaemia, we present a selection of distinct cases of PHPT due to eutopic and ectopic parathyroid adenomas, as well as a case with a syndromic form of PHPT (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1), and a case with FHH type 1 due to aCASRinactivating mutation. Additional cases with normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism and secondary hyperparathyroidism are included for completeness of differential diagnosis. The common eutopic parathyroid adenomas are easily treated with parathyroidectomy while the less common ectopic parathyroid adenomas require more complex investigations and operative procedures such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. On the other hand, the much less common FHH does not require treatment. Assessment of kin with FHH is important to identify members with this inherited condition in order to prevent unnecessary interventions.
Common and distinct variation in data fusion of designed experimental data
Authors: Alinaghi Masoumeh , Bertram Hanne Christine , Brunse Anders , Smilde Age K. , Westerhuis Johan A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Integrative analysis of multiple data sets can provide complementary information about the studied biological system. However, data fusion of multiple biological data sets can be complicated as data sets might contain different sources of variation due to underlying experimental factors. Therefore, taking the experimental design of data sets into account could be of importance in data fusion concept.

Objectives
In the present work, we aim to incorporate the experimental design information in the integrative analysis of multiple designed data sets.

Methods
Here we describe penalized exponential ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (PE-ASCA), a new method for integrative analysis of data sets from multiple compartments or analytical platforms with the same underlying experimental design.

Results
Using two simulated cases, the result of simultaneous component analysis (SCA), penalized exponential simultaneous component analysis (P-ESCA) and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) are compared with the proposed method. Furthermore, real metabolomics data obtained from NMR analysis of two different brains tissues (hypothalamus and midbrain) from the same piglets with an underlying experimental design is investigated by PE-ASCA.

Conclusions
This method provides an improved understanding of the common and distinct variation in response to different experimental factors.
Trait Emotional Intelligence and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Gamers: The Mediating Role of Online Gaming Motives and Moderating Role of Age Groups
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Demetrovics Zsolt , Griffiths Mark D. , Király Orsolya , Kun Bernadette , Tosuntaş Şule Betül 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPersonality differences are important determinants of problematic online behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of loneliness, depression, and online gaming motives and moderating role of age on the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) via the construction of a multiple mediation model. A total of 478 online gamers completed a self-report online survey, including validated psychometric scales assessing the aforementioned constructs. Results indicated that trait EI was directly and indirectly associated with IGD and that the motive of escape was a partial mediator between trait EI and IGD among the total sample and adult gamers, but not among adolescents. Moreover, trait EI was associated with coping, skill development, fantasy, and recreation gaming motives only among total sample and adult gamers, and the escape motive was positively associated with IGD among total sample and adult gamers. However, among these relationships, only the association between trait EI and fantasy was significantly moderated by age group. Furthermore, the direct effect of trait EI was stronger among adolescent gamers when compared to adult gamers. Results showed that trait EI is inversely associated with IGD and affects gaming for different motives among adolescent and adult gamers.
Doing inclusive research: Möglichkeiten und Begrenzungen gemeinsamer Forschungspraxis
Authors: Kremsner Gertraud , Proyer Michelle 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag widmet sich der historischen Genese inklusiver Forschungspraxis aus Anteilen der Aktionsforschung, emanzipatorischen und partizipativen Forschung. Aktuelle Entwicklungen, Möglichkeitsräume und Herausforderungen im Kontext der Anwendungspraxis mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf machttheoretische Überlegungen werden anhand von zwei konkreten Beispielen erläutert und kritisch diskutiert: eines widmet sich der Arbeit mit der „klassischen“ Zielgruppe von inklusiver Forschung, Menschen mit *Lernschwierigkeiten, während das zweite eine andere Personengruppe ins Zentrum der Forschung und Mitwirkung stellt: Lehrkräfte mit Fluchthintergrund. Die referierten Risiken und Barrieren beziehen sich auf die Identifikation und Auswahl von Co-Forschenden, auf die dem Forschungsansatz inhärenten Rollen und daraus resultierenden Rollenkonflikten im Kontext der vorgestellten Projekte sowie auf Herausforderungen in der inklusiv gestalteten Dissemination von Forschungsergebnissen.
High-power inductive electric propulsion operation with alternative propellants
Authors: Chadwick A. R. , Dally B. , Herdrich G. , Kim M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of an experimental campaign to measure thruster-relevant parameters for a high-power (180kW) inductive propulsion system utilising Ar,
$ {\textrm{O}}_{2}$
,
$ \textrm{N}_{2}$
, and
$ \textrm{CO}_{2}$
as propellants. Results from the investigation show that inductive thrusters can make use of these propellants without the severe degradation seen in other electric propulsion systems. Furthermore, the collection of experimental data at powers greater than 100kW provides a reference of performance for the high-power electric propulsion devices intended for missions in the near future. Thrust and specific impulse in inductive systems can be improved by preferentially combining the chemical properties of atomic and molecular propellants. The maximum thrust recorded during these experiments was 7.9N, obtained using a combination of argon and oxygen (0.68 Ar + 0.32
$\textrm{O}_{2}$
). The combination of argon and molecular propellants also decreased thermal losses within the discharge volume. Specific impulse can be doubled for the same input electric power by combining propellants, and future modifications to the thruster geometry and acceleration mechanism can be used to further improve the performance of such systems.
Breathing Life into the Union’s Common Values: On the Judicial Application of Article 2 TEU in the EU Value Crisis
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe EU faces one of the deepest crises since its formation. A dangerous rule of law backsliding in several Member States undermines the Union’s common values and puts Europe to the test. This raises the question of how to substantially address violations of EU values in judicial proceedings before the Court of Justice. Unfortunately, relying on fundamental freedoms, EU secondary legislation and even the Charter will not help much to resolve this value crisis. This Article takes a different path and calls for engaging with Article 2 TEU itself. Yet this proposal rests on a crucial premise: The judicial applicability of the values enshrined in Article 2 TEU. Based on recent jurisprudential developments, this Article will elaborate a framework for the operationalization of Article 2 TEU values and demonstrate how their judicial applicability can be construed. The judgments of Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses, Minister for Justice and Equality (“L.M.”) and Commission v. Poland will be at the heart of this proposal.
Simulation of Wire Bonding Process Using Explicit Fem with Ale Remeshing Technology
Authors: Yang C. C. , Su Y. F. , Liang Steven Y. , Chiang K. N. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThermosonic wire bonding is a common fabrication process for connecting devices in electronic packaging. However, when the free air ball (FAB) is compressed onto the I/O pad of the chip during bonding procedure, chip cracking may occur if the contact pressure is too large. This study proposes an effective simulation technique that can predict the wire ball geometry after bonding in an accurate range. The contact force obtained in the simulation can be used for possible die cracking behavior evaluation. The simulation in this study used the explicit time integration scheme to deal with the time marching problem, and the second-order precision arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm was used to deal with the large deformation of the wire ball during the bonding process. In addition, the equilibrium smoothing algorithm in LS-DYNA can make the contact behavior and geometry of the bonding wire almost the same as the experiment, which can also significantly reduce the distortion of the mesh geometry after remeshing.
Nature and origin of the volcanic ash beds near the Permian–Triassic boundary in South China: new data and their geological implications
Authors: Zheng Binsong , Mou Chuanlong , Zhou Renjie , Wang Xiuping , Xiao Zhaohui , Chen Yao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPermian–Triassic boundary (PTB) volcanic ash beds are widely distributed in South China and were proposed to have a connection with the PTB mass extinction and the assemblage of Pangea. However, their source and tectonic affinity have been highly debated. We present zircon U–Pb ages, trace-element and Hf isotopic data on three new-found PTB volcanic ash beds in the western Hubei area, South China. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating of zircons yields ages of 252.2 ± 3.6 Ma, 251.6 ± 4.9 Ma and 250.4 ± 2.4 Ma for these three volcanic ash beds. Zircons of age c. 240–270 Ma zircons have negative εHf(t) values (–18.17 to –3.91) and Mesoproterozoic–Palaeoproterozoic two-stage Hf model ages (THf2) (1.33–2.23 Ga). Integrated with other PTB ash beds in South China, zircon trace-element signatures and Hf isotopes indicate that they were likely sourced from intermediate to felsic volcanic centres along the Simao–Indochina convergent continental margin. The Qinling convergent continental margin might be another possible source but needs further investigation. Our data support the model that strong convergent margin volcanism took place around South China during late Permian – Early Triassic time, especially in the Simao–Indochina active continental margin and possibly the Qinling active continental margin. These volcanisms overlap temporally with the PTB biocrisis triggered by the Siberian Large Igneous Province. In addition, our data argue that the South China Craton and the Simao–Indochina block had not been amalgamated with the main body of Pangea by late Permian – Early Triassic time.
Sensitivity of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) to heat stress
Authors: Choudhary Bishwa Bhaskar , Sirohi Smita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBased on ten years of data (2001–10), consisting of 12 673 observations on fortnightly milk yield of buffaloes reared in a dairy farm located in the Northern sub-tropics (29°41′0″N, 76°59′0″E), the present study establishes the relationship between weather conditions and production performance of lactating buffaloes. The critical threshold level of maximum temperature-humidity index (THI) was estimated to be 74, which is higher than that of crossbred cows. The duration of discomfort period for buffaloes begins in mid-March and lasts up to early November. During the aggravated stress condition (THI > 82) prevailing in the region for about 5 months starting from early May, milk productivity declines by more than 1% per unit increase in maximum THI over 82. The maximum temperature and minimum humidity (viz. maximum THI) are the most critical weather parameters causing thermal stress in animals, however, the climatic conditions in the region are such that not only maximum but also minimum THI crosses the critical threshold providing little relief to the animals during the night.
Colonies, semi-sovereigns, and great powers: IGO membership debates and the transition of the international system
Authors: Ravndal Ellen J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow did the transition from a world of empire to a global international system organised around the sovereign state play out? This article traces the transition over the past two centuries through an examination of membership debates in two prominent intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). IGOs are sites of contestation that play a role in the constitution of the international system. Discussions within IGOs reflect and shape broader international norms, and are one mechanism through which the international system determines questions of membership and attendant rights and obligations. The article reveals that IGO membership policies during this period reflected different compromises between the three competing principles of great power privilege, the ‘standard of civilisation’, and universal sovereign equality. The article contributes to Global IR as it confirms that non-Western agency was crucial in bringing about this transition. States in Africa, Asia, and Latin America championed the adoption of the sovereignty criterion. In this, paradoxically, one of the core constitutional norms of the ‘European’ international system – the principle of sovereign equality – was realised at the hands of non-European actors.
A reappraisal of the freehold property market in late medieval England
Authors: Bell Adrian R. , Brooks Chris , Killick Helen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article re-examines the late medieval market in freehold land, the extent to which it was governed by market forces as opposed to political or social constraints, and how this contributed to the commercialisation of the late medieval English economy. We employ a valuable new resource for study of this topic in the form of an extensive dataset on late medieval English freehold property transactions. Through analysis of this data, we examine how the level of market activity (the number of sales) and the nature of the properties (the relative proportions of different types of asset) varied across regions and over time. In particular, we consider the impact of exogenous factors and the effects of growing commercialisation. We argue that peaks of activity following periods of crisis (Great Famine and Black Death) indicate that property ownership became open to market speculation. In so doing, we present an important new perspective on the long-term evolution of the medieval English property market.
A multi-objective evolutionary hyper-heuristic algorithm for team-orienteering problem with time windows regarding rescue applications
Authors: Aghdasi Hadi S. , Saeedvand Saeed , Baltes Jacky 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The team-orienteering problem (TOP) has broad applicability. Examples of possible uses are in factory and automation settings, robot sports teams, and urban search and rescue applications. We chose the rescue domain as a guiding example throughout this paper. Hence, this paper explores a practical variant of TOP with time window (TOPTW) for rescue applications by humanoid robots called TOPTWR. Due to the significant range of algorithm choices and their parameters tuning challenges, the use of hyper-heuristics is recommended. Hyper-heuristics can select, order, or generate different low-level heuristics with different optimization algorithms. In this paper, first, a general multi-objective (MO) solution is defined, with five objectives for TOPTWR. Then a robust and efficient MO and evolutionary hyper-heuristic algorithm for TOPTW based on the humanoid robot’s characteristics in the rescue applications (MOHH-TOPTWR) is proposed. MOHH-TOPTWR includes two MO evolutionary metaheuristics algorithms (MOEAs) known as non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) and MOEA based on decomposition (MOEA/D). In this paper, new benchmark instances are proposed for rescue applications using the existing ones for TOPTW. The experimental results show that MOHH-TOPTWR in both MOEAs can outperform all the state-of-the-art algorithms as well as NSGA-III and MOEA/D MOEAs.
The replica symmetric phase of random constraint satisfaction problems
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Kapetanopoulos Tobias , Müller Noela 
Published: December 2019

AbstarctRandom constraint satisfaction problems play an important role in computer science and combinatorics. For example, they provide challenging benchmark examples for algorithms, and they have been harnessed in probabilistic constructions of combinatorial structures with peculiar features. In an important contribution (Krzakala et al. 2007, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.), physicists made several predictions on the precise location and nature of phase transitions in random constraint satisfaction problems. Specifically, they predicted that their satisfiability thresholds are quite generally preceded by several other thresholds that have a substantial impact both combinatorially and computationally. These include the condensation phase transition, where long-range correlations between variables emerge, and the reconstruction threshold. In this paper we prove these physics predictions for a broad class of random constraint satisfaction problems. Additionally, we obtain contiguity results that have implications for Bayesian inference tasks, a subject that has received a great deal of interest recently (e.g. Banks et al. 2016, Proc. 29th COLT).