bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of proximate determinants of fertility in recent fertility decline in Ethiopia: Application of the Revised Bongaarts Model
Authors: Ahmed seifadin Shallo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Understanding factors contributing to the recent fertility decline and their level of fertility inhibiting effect has a paramount policy implication in a given country . So, in this paper, the 2015 revised Bongaarts model of proximate determinants of fertility was applied, and the contribution and trends of each of the determinants over one and half of the decade (from 2005 to 2016) was evaluated. This study utilized the publicly available data from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey of 2005, 2011 and 2016. The revised and fine-tuned Bongaart's model of proximate fertility determinants was used throughout for data analysis. Results: Postpartum insusceptibility contributed the highest fertility inhibiting effect in all the three EDHS and its level is more prominent among the poorest women. Contraceptive use was the second leading fertility inhibiter and its effect was significantly increased from 15% (inhibition effect by 2005) to 37% (fertility inhibiting effect by 2016). This is an increment in fertility reduction effect nearly 26%. In conclusion, over the last one and half-decade, contraceptive use was the single most important determinant responsible for fertility decline in Ethiopia. To achieve the fertility of replacement level, the country needs a contraceptive prevalence rate of 69%.
Which is the better posterior lumbar dynamic device: Dynesys or BioFlex?
Authors: Hu Konghe , Li Jianjun , Qiu Sujun , Xie Yingmin , Gong Kaiqin , Duan Yang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbar posterior dynamic devices: the Dynesys system and the BioFlex system. Methods: We validated the FE model of an lumbar spine (L3-S1) established by transferring the data, collected by 3D CT scan, to the FE software ABAQUS and comparing these data with the data from published studies. Then, were reconstructed by the lumbar posterior dynamic devices to analyze the range of motion (ROM) and stress distribution on the lumbar posterior dynamic devices. Results: The current lumbar FE model was able to measure the biomechanical changes in a follow-up surgery simulation. The total ROM of the surgery simulation models was substantially decreased compared with the total ROM of the intact group, and the Dynesys system group had the closest total ROM to the intact group. The maximal von Mises stress concentrate at the middle part of the screws in Dynesys system, but at the Nitinol memory loop in BioFlex system. The maximal stress level was only 49 MPa in Dynesys system, but 164 MPa in BioFlex system. Conclusion: Through the comparison of ROM and the stress distribution of the prosthesis, we find that the Dynesys system maybe has a better theoretical outcome.
Genomic prediction of yield and deep root growth in wheat using a semi-field phenotyping system with a water availability gradient
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Svane Simon F. , Füchtbauer Winnie S. , Andersen Jeppe R. , Jensen Just , Thorup-Kristensen Kristian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Deeper roots can help plants to take up available resources in deep soil ensuring better growth and higher yields under conditions of limited water supply. The objective was to explore the possibility of genomic prediction for grain-related and root traits of winter wheat measured in a semi-field root phenotyping facility allowing for a water availability gradient and interaction of genomic by water availability gradient. Genotyped winter wheat lines were grown as rows within two subunits of the semi-field facility. Along each row, a water availability gradient was applied by varying the depth distance to a subsurface-irrigation system. Root data were collected based on images taken from a minirhizotron tube below each row in one side of each bed. Results The analysis comprised four grain-related traits: grain yield (GY), protein concentration (PC), total nitrogen content (NC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) measured on each half row along the water gradient. In addition, two root traits, total root length between 1.2 m and 2 m depth (TRL) and root length in four intervals (IRL) on each tube were analyzed. Two sets of models with or without the effect of neighbors from both sides of each row were applied. Variance components of all effects in the models were estimated. Predictive ability (PA) was measured as the correlation between mean phenotypes corrected for fixed effects and predicted genomic breeding values for each line. Estimated heritabilities ( ) ranged from 0.263 to 0.680 for grain-related traits and from 0.030 to 0.055 for root traits. No interaction of genomic by water availability gradient was found. The relative amount of genetic variance was similar for grain-related and root traits. The PA ranged from 0.246 to 0.477 for grain-related traits and from 0.057 to 0.062 for root traits. Including neighbor effects in the model increased the and the PA for GY and NC. Conclusions In conclusion, it is possible to do genomic prediction for grain-related and root traits in the semi-field facility. Accuracy of root records is low using the current evaluation system due to large environmental variance, and more accurate root records are needed.
Identification of SLC14A1 (UT-B) gene rearrangement in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Guo Zhongying , Niu Xiaobing , Fu Guangbo , Yang Baoxue , Chen Guangping , Sun Su’an 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common and deadly disease. Over the past decade, a number of genetic alterations have been reported in BCa. Bladder urothelium expresses abundant urea transporter UT-B encoded by Slc14a1 gene at 18q12.3 locus, which plays an important role in preventing high concentrated urea-caused cell injury. Early genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that UT-B gene mutations are genetically linked to the urothelial bladder cancer. Methods: In this study, using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined whether Slc14a1 gene has been changed in BCa with Slc14a1 break-apart DNA probes. We also performed immunohistochemistry evaluating bladder cancer markers. Results: We found Slc14a1 gene rearrangement in one case of BCa from 14 patients. The patient is a 59-year-old male with superficial BCa. Histology showed non-muscle invasive bladder transitional-cell carcinoma. Immunostaining was negative for Syn, CK7, CK20, Villin, and positive for HER2, BRCA1, GATA3. Conclusions: We for the first time report a patient diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma accompanied with split Slc14a1 gene abnormality, a crucial gene in bladder.
A new technique for ureteral reconstruction using lingual mucosa grafts in a beagle model
Authors: Xu Yujie , Sun Lin , Pan Qiufeng , Hua Xiaoliang , Li Dan , Shen Zhou , Li Bing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The ideal technique for ureteral reconstruction has not been established yet. We report our initial experiment to investigate the feasibility of ureteral reconstruction using lingual mucosa graft (LMG) and to evaluate the histological changes of the engrafted LMG in beagles. Methods: Twelve male beagle dogs were randomly divided into groups A, B and C (n=4). A ventral ureteral defect was created by excising half of the ureteral wall. The length of the defect was 3 cm, 6 cm and 10 cm in groups A, B and C, respectively. The LMGs were harvested and employed to repair the ureteral defects in an onlay fashion. Two dogs per group were sacrificed after 6 months, with an additional 2 dogs per group sacrificed after 12 months. Intravenous urography (IVU) and macroscopic examination were performed to evaluate renal function and ureteral patency. Histological changes in the engrafted LMGs during the tissue incorporation process were assessed by histological analysis. Results: There were no postoperative complications. Only one dog in group C developed a mild stricture near the proximal anastomosis . In the remaining 11 animals, IVU showed normal renal function and a wide ureteral caliber without stricture or fistula. The diameter of the LMG-reconstructed ureter was greater than that of the proximal and distal ureter (each p value < 0.01). The LMGs survived in situ with newly formed capillaries. The epithelium of the lingual mucosa resembled the urothelium in postoperative 12 months. Conclusions: This new technique for ureteral reconstruction using LMGs is feasible. This approach is a promising alternative clinical treatment for curing long ureteral strictures.
Simultaneous production of poly-γ-glutamic acid and 2,3-butanediol by a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis CS13
Authors: Dexin Wang , Hyangmi Kim , Sungbeom Lee , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Min-Ho Joe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacillus subtilis naturally produces large amounts of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) as the main byproduct during poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) fermentation using carbon sources. 2,3-BD is a promising platform chemicals in various industries, and co-production has great economic benefits. Thus, co-production of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) by Bacillus subtilis were investigated for the first time. Results: In this study, a novel Bacillus subtilis CS13 was isolated that can efficiently co-production of γ-PGA and 2,3-BD. The fermentation medium and culture parameters by B. subtilis CS13 were optimized using statistical methods. It was observed that sucrose, L-glutamic acid, ammonium citrate, and MgSO4·7H2O were favorable for γ-PGA and 2,3-BD co-production at pH 6.5 and 37 °C. A medium composed of 119.83 g/L sucrose, 48.85 g/L L-glutamic acid, 21.08 g/L ammonium citrate, and 3.21 g/L MgSO4·7H2O was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the yields of γ-PGA and 2,3-BD reached 27.79 ± 0.87 g/L at 24 h and 57.05 ± 1.28 g/L at 84 h with the optimized medium, respectively. Conclusions: To our knowledge, the co-production of 2,3-BD and γ-PGA will reduce the costs of production and separation in theory and provide a new perspective for industrial production of γ-PGA and 2,3-BD. B. subtilis CS13 as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain, has great promise for the co-production of 2,3-BD and γ-PGA.
The reduction rate of M protein after first and fourth cycle chemotherapy predicts the outcome in patients initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang JunYu , Li Linjie , Liu WeiE , Zhao MinLei , Jin YangJin , Chen Yu , Xu NengWen , Zhang CangJian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that originate from a malignant clone of plasma cells. This study aimed to discover the reduction rate of monoclonal (M) protein after first and fourth cycle chemotherapy, which acts as a new prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) in MM patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 164 patients with MM. The overall survival (OS) and PFS from the time of first diagnosis were measured. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate if the reduction rate of M protein after first to fourth cycle chemotherapy effect PFS and OS. . Results: Multivariate analysis was performed with factors including del(17p), t(14;16), t(14;20), ISS stage, age, AST and others parameters. The reduction rate of M protein after first cycle chemotherapy (C1reduction rate) (P<0.001) and the reduction rate of M protein after fourth cycle chemotherapy (C4 reduction rate) (P<0.001) acts as dependent predictors of PFS. The 36 months PFS rate in patients with a reduction rate of M protein after the first cycle chemotherapy was compared. The reduction rate of ≥25 vs <25% showed no difference, while the reduction rate of ≥50 vs <50% showed significant difference in PFS. Meanwhile, the reduction rate of M protein after the fourth cycle chemotherapy ≥25 vs <25%, ≥50 vs <50% showed no meaning, but the groups of ≥75 vs <75% showed significant differences in PFS. The patients with higher reduction rate in these two stages had longer PFS. Conclusions :Higher reduction rate of M protein after first and and fourth cycle of chemotherapy act as advantageous prognostic factors for PFS in MM patients in the initial diagnosis.
TSLC1 inhibits bladder cancer cells proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting miR-125b
Authors: Zhu Jun , Hu Rui , Ou NingJing , Liang Zhen , Zhang Wei , Song YuXuan , Lu Yi , Kang JiaQi , Yang YongJiao , Liu XiaoQiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) and miRNA-125b in bladder cancer (BC) pathogenesis. Methods: The expression of miRNA-125b,TSLC1 and p53 in BC cell line was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blot. Transwell migration assay was used in the in vitro migration and invison anssay. TSLC1 and p53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistric staining in bladder cancer tissues. Results: We showed that the expression of miRNA-125b was significantly decreased in BC cell line(T24) transfection of miR-125b inhibitor.Knockdown of miRNA-125b promoted the growth and metastasis of T24 cells,while overexpression of miRNA-125b had the opposite effects. Furthermore,TSLC1 was significantly positive correlated with miRNA-125b expression and negative correlated with p53 expression in T24 cells.TSLC1 transfection increased the expression of miRNA-125b,and inhibited BC cell migration and invasion in vitro,and promoted apoptosis. The expression of TSLC1 and p53 was opposite in bladder cancer tissues. Conclusions: Our data provided strong evidence that TSLC1 inhibited tumorigenesis and development of BC through up-regulating tumor-suppressive miRNA-125b.
Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children in Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Hayamo Manamo , Alemayehu Tsegaye , Tadesse Bereket , Mitiku Enkusilasie , Bedawi Zufan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Salmonella and Shigella is a major health problem worldwide, in developing countries like Ethiopia, it is responsible for high morbidity and mortality of children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella infection, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factor among the diarrheic pediatrics patients that visited Alamura Health Center in southern Ethiopia. Method: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted at Alamura Health Center from April 2018 – July 2019. The study was performed on pediatrics below the age of 14 years in which consecutive children with diarrhea were included for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data after assent and consent obtained from parents or care taker. The stool sample cultured as per the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the microbiology laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and was interpreted based on the Clinical and laboratory standard institute guidline (CLSI) version 2018. Results: Out of 263 children enrolled in the study, 50.5 % were females. The overall, 21/263 (8 %) 95% CI, (4.6 - 11.4%) Shigella and Salmonella was isolated. Shigella dysenteriae was dominantly isolated 11 (4.2%) followed by 9(3.42%) Shigella spp, and 1(0.38%) Salmonella typhi. Those with habit of washing the hands of children after toilet sometimes (AOR = 235.1, 95% CI, 20.9 - 2643.3, P = .000) and store cooked food in open container for later use (AOR = 36.44, 95% CI, 5.82 - 228.06, P = .000) showed statistically significant association. Conclusion: High level of Shigella spp and one Salmonella was isolated from diarrheic children at Alamura Health Center. Shigella dysentery was the most dominantly isolated. Those practised hands wash for their child after defecation for sometimes was 235.1-fold at risk of infection. Similarly, those store foods for later use in an open container was 36.44 times at risk of infection. Therefore, to alleviate this infection the concerned body should focus on giving health education for hand wash after defecation and storing food in a closed container later use is mandatory.
Mass spectrometric analysis of active ingredients in fertilized egg for lipid metabolism
Authors: Ma pei , Li yilei , Wen pei , Ge yufang , Yang ding , Yuan jiahui , Zhang pengxiang , Zhu zhiwei , Luo xiaomao , Wang haidong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the important components of the animal body, and its development is restricted by various mechanisms. Yolk protein has an important effect on the development of chicken embryo skeletal muscle. The protein needed for chicken embryo development mainly comes from egg yolk. The protein metabolism in yolk is particularly strong after fertilization, and the nutrition level is much higher than that of ordinary eggs. In order to study which components in fertilized eggs play a role in fat metabolism, Nano-HPLC-MS/MS protein detection was performed on fertilized egg extracts. A total of 295 proteins were identified and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and eukaryotic cluster (KOG)/homologous cluster (COG) analysis. The results indicate that metabolic pathways and PPAR signaling pathways are the main biological processes affecting lipid metabolism. Western Blotting (WB) was used to verify the possible components of fat metabolism-related genes apolipo A-I (APOA1) and bile salt-activated lipase (BSAL, CEL). The results showed that APOA1 was highly expressed in fertilized eggs compared to unfertilized eggs. The expression of CEL was not significantly different between fertilized and unfertilized eggs. This study provides a theoretical basis for further studying the effects of fertilized eggs on biological metabolism.
Physicians and nurses’ perspectives of encountering neonates with poor prognosis
Authors: Rafiee Zahra , Rabiee Maryam , Rafati Shiva , Rejeh Nahid , Borna Hajieh , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Decision making regarding the treatment of neonates with poor prognoses is difficult for healthcare staff working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to investigate the attitude of physicians and nurses towards the value of life and ethical decision making when encountering neonates with poor prognosis in the NICU. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. This study was carried out in five NICUs of five hospitals in Tehran city, Iran. The perspectives of 144 paediatricians, gynaecologist and nurses were assessed using the questionnaire of attitude toward the value of life and agreement on intensive care management on three hypothetical cases scenarios of neonates with poor prognosis. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The negative agreement on the no initiation of intensive care measures and the discontinuation of resuscitation in neonates with poor prognosis was more than the positive agreement. Also, various factors influenced the participants’ decision making for the provision of care to neonates. Regarding the case scenarios, the participants agreed on the provision of aggressive, conservative, and palliative care with various frequencies. This study confirms the importance of healthcare providers’ perspectives and their impacts on ethical decision making. The participants in this study favoured the value or sacredness of life and agreed on the use of all therapeutic measures for neonates with poor prognosis. Conclusion: More studies are required to improve our understandings of factors influencing ethical decision makings by healthcare providers when encountering neonates with poor prognosis in NICUs. Key words: Decision making, ethics, neonatal intensive care unit, poor prognosis, value of life
Ethical practice in medicine: a review
Authors: Adane Kasaw , Worku Ligabaw , Deress Teshiwal , Tesfahun Adino 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective A patient with health problems seek healthcare services from healthcare professionals. Their patient-provider relationships are usually affected by roles, gifts, services, and physical contact. The major ethical healthcare practices focus on respecting patient’s freedom and basic human rights. However, there are only limited references materials issued on medical ethics and ethical medical practices. Hence, this review article tries to describe the important aspects of ethical practices in healthcare delivery. Methods Initially, idea conceptualization, planning and keyword defining were for the development of this material. The keywords were medical ethics, code of ethics, bioethics, ethical practice, quality service and healthcare ethics. Result Then, two authors independently assessed published materials using EndNote® program from PubMed (NML) and Google Scholar databases. Finally, from a total of 721 full-text articles downloaded, 34 published article meeting inclusion criteria were included in this article. Conclusion Adherence to high ethical and moral standards, responding to societal needs and reflection social contract, subordinating self-interest to the interest of others and the manifestation of the core human values are all expected from healthcare professionals. Ethical and legal dimensions of medicine are very important. Hence, providing high-quality patient care at low cost and compliance with ethical and moral standards is the most common reason for the incompliance with medical ethics. Hence, healthcare professionals are expected to have a minimum level of knowledge on ethical concepts, favorable attitude, and a minimum level of skill to comply with regulatory and ethical requirements in all situations.