bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of volume‐rendering 3D surface modeling and medical illustration to capture the living fetus
Authors: Luks Francois I. , Collins Scott , Xia Jimmy , Cao Shiliang Alice , Rios Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA good medical illustration renders essential aspects of a procedure or condition faithfully, yet idealizes it enough to make it widely applicable. Unfortunately, the live fetus is generally hidden from sight, and illustrating it relies either on autopsy material or manipulated newborn images. High‐definition volume rendering of diagnostic imaging data can represent hidden conditions with an almost lifelike realism but is limited by the resolution and artifacts of the data capture. We have combined both approaches to enhance the accuracy and didactic value of illustrations of fetal conditions.MethodsThree examples, of increasing complexity, are presented to demonstrate the creation of medical illustrations of the fetus based on semiautomatic computerized posthoc manipulation of diagnostic images.ResultsThe end product utilizes the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the fetuses and the spatial manipulation of 3D models to create a lifelike, accurate and informative image of the fetal anomalies.ConclusionVolume‐rendering and 3D surface modeling can be combined with medical illustration to create realistic and informative images of the developing fetus, using a level of detail that is tailored to the intended audience.
Melt differential electrospinning of polyphenylene sulfide nanofibers for flue gas filtration
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Liu Yujian , Deng Hangjun , Lyu Tingting , Tan Jing , Yang Weimin , Li Haoyi , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolyphenylene sulfide (PPS) nanofibers have broad application prospects in high temperature dust removal, high temperature oil‐water separation, radiation protection, and other fields. PPS nanofibers were prepared by melt differential electrospinning without any other additives, which ensures the excellent properties of PPS fibers. The effects of spinning parameters (spinning voltage, spinning distance, spinning temperature) on the morphology of PPS fibers were systematically studied, and the average diameter of PPS fibers with 1.28 μm was obtained under the optimum conditions (spinning distance of 6 mm, temperature of 310°C and spinning voltage of 35 kV). The effect of spinning voltage on the crystallinity and thermal stability of the fiber was analyzed. Finally, the filtration efficiencies of the commercial dust‐proof filter bags and the obtained PPS fibers with the same weight were compared. It was demonstrated that filtration efficiency of the obtained PPS fibers with 186 g/cm2reached up to 99.95%. This study aims to provide a new idea for green industrial manufacturing and application of electrospinning PPS nanofibers.
Rheological aspects and film processability of poly (lactic acid)/linear low‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Singh Satpal , Ghosh Anup K. , Maiti Saurindra N. , Gupta Rahul K. , Bhattacharya Satinath 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) were compounded in a corotating twin screw extruder. PE‐g‐glycidyl methacrylate was also added as a reactive compatibilizer in PLA/LLDPE blend system, which lowered interfacial tension between PLA and LLDPE. Blown films were prepared by using a single‐screw extruder for all compounded blends. The investigation of the rheological properties of a polymeric system is very important to study the processability and understand structure‐property relationship in blown films. In the present research work, the rheological properties have been investigated to assess the processability of blown films of PLA/LLDPE blends. Oscillatory shear rheology viscoelastic spectra showed an increase in the storage and loss moduli with the increase in LLDPE and compatibilizer content, which indicated pronounced viscoelastic behavior of PLA with the addition of LLDPE and compatibilizer. A steady increase in the value of extensional viscosity as a function of time was observed with the addition of LLDPE and compatibilizer in PLA. The blends with higher LLDPE content exhibited much more prominent strain hardening characteristics than those with lower LLDPE content.
Modification of microfibrillated cellulosic foams in a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Meunier Louis‐Félix , Profili Jacopo , Babaei Sara , Asadollahi Siavash , Sarkissian Andranik , Dorris Annie , Beck Stephanie , Naudé Nicolas , Stafford Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study explores the plasma‐induced modification of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) foams in a plane‐to‐plane atmospheric‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge with helium and hexamethyldisiloxane as carrier and precursor gases, with and without a gas gap. When the foam took up all of the gas gap, filamentary discharges were generated and burn‐like damage was produced. This resulted in highly inhomogeneous deposits having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. MFC foams taking up only a portion of the gas gap volume generated a homogeneous discharge and induced cellulose defibrillation. They generated effective hydrophobic surfaces on both the top and bottom of the foams. Oleophilicity measurements were also carried out, which support the possibility of an effective separation of oily wastewater using a green and renewable material.
Plant genomes: Markers of evolutionary history and drivers of evolutionary change
Authors: Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. 
Published: October 2020

Societal Impact StatementPlant genomes hold the key to understanding the evolutionary history of plants, a lineage that goes back nearly a billion years and contains nearly half a million living species. This history—or phylogeny—is both a record of life now past and a powerful predictive tool for both basic and applied plant science. Coupled phylogenetic and genomic studies can reveal the processes by which new species arise and go extinct, and phylogenies can guide our efforts to improve crop plants, discover new medicines, and develop effective conservation strategies.SummaryPlant genomes exhibit spectacular diversity in size, composition, and complexity, and although we suspect that this diversity is related to the equally spectacular diversity of plant form and function, this link is still poorly understood. Plant genomes carry signatures of evolutionary history, whole‐genome duplication, population processes, and more, and we are just learning how to read this historical information from appropriate genetic markers. But plant genomes are not merely chroniclers of past evolutionary change: they are dynamic, evolving entities in their own right, driving changes in plant chemistry, morphology, ecology, and more. Here, we describe how plant genomes have been harnessed for studies of plant phylogeny and diversification, with examples spanning all green plants, a clade of nearly half a million species spanning nearly a billion years of evolutionary time. Then focusing on angiosperms, we suggest how the process of whole‐genome duplication (polyploidy) has driven, and continues to drive, major innovations in morphology, stress response, and more. Together, these perspectives will begin to reveal how genomic change can lead to novelty and diversity at the organismal level. Finally, we review how little we actually know about plant genomes, given that assembled genome sequences exist for fewer than 1% of all plant species—a major shortcoming as we seek to meet societal challenges of food security, the need for new medicines, and conservation of species in response to climate change.
Pediatric asthma and COVID‐19: The known, the unknown, and the controversial
Authors: Abrams Elissa M. , Sinha Ian , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Hawcutt Daniel B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2, is causing a global pandemic, with over 26.9 million cases and 880,000 deaths as of September 6, 2020. While there has been speculation and observational research about the impact of COVID‐19 on asthma, much remains unknown. The goal of this article is to provide a scoping review on pediatric asthma and COVID‐19 and summarize what we do and do not know from the first wave of the pandemic.
Multiple breath washout quality control in the clinical setting
Authors: Frauchiger Bettina S. , Carlens Julia , Herger Andreas , Moeller Alexander , Latzin Philipp , Ramsey Kathryn A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple breath washout (MBW) is increasingly used in the clinical assessment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Guidelines for MBW quality control (QC) were developed primarily for retrospective assessment and central overreading. We assessed whether real‐time QC of MBW data during the measurement improves test acceptability in the clinical setting.MethodsWe implemented standardized real‐time QC and reporting of MBW data at the time of the measurement in the clinical pediatric lung function laboratory in Bern, Switzerland, in children with CF aged 4–18 years. We assessed MBW test acceptability before (31 tests; 89 trials) and after (32 tests; 96 trials) implementation of real‐time QC and compared agreement between reviewers. Further, we assessed the implementation of real‐time QC at a secondary center in Zurich, Switzerland.ResultsBefore the implementation of real‐time QC in Bern, only 58% of clinical MBW tests were deemed acceptable following retrospective QC by an experienced reviewer. After the implementation of real‐time QC, MBW test acceptability improved to 75% in Bern. In Zurich, after the implementation of real‐time QC, test acceptability improved from 38% to 70%. Further, the agreement between MBW operators and an experienced reviewer for test acceptability was 84% in Bern and 93% in Zurich.ConclusionReal‐time QC of MBW data at the time of measurement is feasible in the clinical setting and results in improved test acceptability.
A collection of programs for one‐dimensional Ising analysis of linear repeat proteins with point substitutions
Authors: Marold Jacob D. , Sforza Kevin , Geiger‐Schuller Kathryn , Aksel Tural , Klein Sean , Petersen Mark , Poliakova‐Georgantas Ekaterina , Barrick Doug 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA collection of programs is presented to analyze the thermodynamics of folding of linear repeat proteins using a 1D Ising model to determine intrinsic folding and interfacial coupling free energies. Expressions for folding transitions are generated for a series of constructs with different repeat numbers and are globally fitted to transitions for these constructs. These programs are designed to analyze Ising parameters for capped homopolymeric consensus repeat constructs as well as heteropolymeric constructs that contain point substitutions, providing a rigorous framework for analysis of the effects of mutation on intrinsic and directional (i.e., N‐ vs. C‐terminal) interfacial coupling free‐energies. A bootstrap analysis is provided to estimate parameter uncertainty as well as correlations among fitted parameters. Rigorous statistical analysis is essential for interpreting fits using the complex models required for Ising analysis of repeat proteins, especially heteropolymeric repeat proteins. Programs described here are available at https://github.com/barricklab-at-jhu/Ising_programs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike (S) protein based vaccine candidates: State of the art and future prospects
Authors: Arashkia Arash , Jalilvand Somayeh , Mohajel Nasir , Afchangi Atefeh , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Salehi‐Vaziri Mostafa , Fazlalipour Mehdi , Pouriayevali Mohammad Hassan , Jalali Tahmineh , Mousavi Nasab Seyed Dawood , Roohvand Farzin , Shoja Zabihollah ,   for the SARS CoV‐2 Rapid Response Team of Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)
Published: October 2020

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) which is responsible for a global pandemic that started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. To prevent the worldwide spread of this highly pathogenic virus, development of an effective and safe vaccine is urgently needed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV share a high degree of genetic and pathologic identity and share safety and immune‐enhancement concerns regarding vaccine development. Prior animal studies with first generation (whole virus‐based) preparations of SARS‐CoV vaccines (inactivated and attenuated vaccine modalities) indicated the possibility of increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration by immunization. Therefore, development of second and third generation safer vaccines (by using modern vaccine platforms) is actively sought for this viral infection. The spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person‐to‐person transmission. Furthermore, ‘S’ protein contains multiple neutralizing epitopes that play an essential role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and protective immunity. Moreover, T‐cell responses against the SARS‐CoV‐2 ‘S’ protein have also been characterized that correlate to the IgG and IgA antibody titres in Covid‐19 patients. Thus, S protein is an obvious candidate antigen for inclusion into vaccine platforms against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection. This manuscript reviews different characteristics of S protein, its potency and ‘state of the art’ of the vaccine development strategies and platforms using this antigen, for construction of a safe and effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.
New results on explicit adaptive control design for nonlinear systems with polynomial conditions
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Guo , Xue Lingrong , Sun Zong‐Yao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper discusses the adaptive control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with polynomial growing conditions. By introducing a Lyapunov function which carries the quadratic terms and higher‐order terms of the transformed variables and constructing an appropriate dynamic gain, a new control strategy is presented to design an adaptive controller using only one parameter estimation. Compared with the existing results, the presented method avoids the over‐parameterization and significantly simplifies the control design. A modified version of the method which adopts no parameter estimation is also provided. It shows that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded and the solution of the original system converges to zero. A simulation example is given to show the validness of the method.
Advances in preclinical hematopoietic stem cell models and possible implications for improving therapeutic transplantation
Authors: Fraint Ellen , Ulloa Bianca A. , Feliz Norberto María , Potts Kathryn S. , Bowman Teresa V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for many malignant, congenital, and acquired hematologic diseases. Some outstanding challenges in the HSCT field include the paucity of immunologically-matched donors, our inability to effectively expand hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo, and the high infection risk during engraftment. Scientists are striving to develop protocols to generate, expand, and maintain HSCs ex vivo, however these are not yet ready for clinical application. Given these problems, advancing our understanding of HSC specification, regulation, and differentiation in preclinical models is essential to improve the therapeutic utility of HSCT. In this review, we link biomedical researchers and transplantation clinicians by discussing the potential therapeutic implications of recent fundamental HSC research in model organisms. We consider deficiencies in current HSCT practice, such as problems achieving adequate cell dose for successful and rapid engraftment, immense inflammatory cascade activation after myeloablation, and graft-vs-host disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the field of HSC biology and transplantation made in preclinical models of zebrafish, mouse, and nonhuman primates that could inform emerging practice for clinical application.
Reversed‐phase chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method for separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomer in drug substance
Authors: Ramesh Ch. , Rama devi Dharmasoth , Srinivas MNB. , Rajana Nagaraju , Krishna S. Radha , Basavaiah K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomers, normal phase chiral methods were reported. Handling of normal phase solvents for high‐performance liquid chromatography is very difficult in quality control laboratories and also no reversed phase‐chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method for separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomer in drug substance has been reported. A new and accurate isocratic reversed phase‐chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the separation of abacavir sulfate undesired enantiomer in abacavir. The separation achieved on amylose derivative chiral column, i.e. chiralpak AD‐H containing amylose tris‐3,5‐dimethyl phenyl carbamate using 0.1% triethylamine in a mixture of water, methanol, and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The correlation coefficient values were 0.998 and 0.997 for the undesired enantiomer and the desired enantiomer of abacavir sulfate, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.01% and the limit of quantification was 0.03%. The precision enantiomer at limit of quantification level was evaluated through six replicate injections and the relative standard deviation of the peak response achieved is 2.5. The percentage recoveries of undesired enantiomer from abacavir sulfate drug substance were from 96.7 to 118.0%. The drug substance was subjected to stress studies. It was found to not degrade significantly under acidic, hydrolysis, and oxidative stress conditions.
”Effet Wow“ cantilever structure at Bridge, Orange's headquarters
Authors: de Sousa da Costa Lopes Adriano Alves , Simões Breda Ricardo André , da Silva Gonçalves Sílvio Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNominated for the Professor Eduardo de Arantes e Oliveira Award at XII Conference on Steel and Composite
Construction in Coimbra 2019Orange's new headquarters, Bridge, is under construction in suburban Paris. This is a project designed to centralize the company's services and its 3000 employees, who are currently scattered throughout the city. The architectural concept is unique and comprise complex forms that are highly dependent on the structural design. The building is mostly precast concrete, with several steel structures used to support the most structurally challenging areas. One of these is a two‐level roof cantilever. This article examines some of the technical challenges faced by the project team as well as the peculiarities inherent in this composite steel structure.
Analysis of fatigue test data to reassess EN 1993‐1‐9 detail categories
Authors: Bartsch Helen , Drebenstedt Karl , Seyfried Benjamin , Feldmann Markus , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the assessment of fatigue details according to EN 1993‐1‐9, which form the basis of the most important fatigue verification, the nominal stress approach. First of all, a suitable statistical methodology had to be defined for consistent detail classification. A structured database on the MySQL platform serves as a basis for the evaluation of the detail categories. In addition to fatigue test data documented in the background document to EN 1993‐1‐9, this database also includes new test data provided by the authors. After selecting the most meaningful test data, important details, such as longitudinal welds, were reassessed. In addition, the authors carried out fatigue tests in connection with numerical simulations in order to be able to evaluate the fatigue strength with better accuracy. The results so far show that the details analysed often prove to have a higher fatigue strength than currently documented in EN 1993‐1‐9.
“It's a lot of people in different places working on many ideas”: Possibilities from global history of science to Learning about nature of science
Authors: Gandolfi Haira Emanuela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article describes a teaching experience at an year 8 classroom (students aged 12–13) in a state secondary school in London, UK that aimed at widening learning about nature of science (NOS) with the input from the field of Global History of Science (HOS), which looks at science as a product of material and cognitive exchanges, appropriations and collaborations. Teaching and learning plans (TLPs) informed by this historical framework were developed by the researcher and one science teacher to integrate NOS teaching into fours topics from the national science curriculum in England (Medicines, Magnetism, Evolution, and Earth's resources). These TLPs were taught by the participant teacher to his year 8 classroom (26 boys and girls of mixed‐abilities) throughout one school year, and the researcher investigated the impact of the global HOS framework on widening students' views about NOS. Data were collated with the help of students' NOS diaries, group mind maps, classroom observations, and an open‐ended NOS questionnaire applied at the start and end of the school year, complemented by participant students' grades in their end‐of‐year exam. Main findings point to the widening of participant students' views about NOS and, more specifically, about underexplored relevant social‐institutional aspects of scientific development, such as diversity and intercultural collaborations and exchanges, exploitation of natural resources, financial, ethical, and political aspects around scientific work. Students were also generally successful in re‐applying NOS ideas explored in one TLP to other TLPs and scientific contexts, hinting to the importance of employing overarching narratives (such those promoted by Global HOS), linking different scientific development, when planning the integration of NOS into the school science. Results also show that NOS was integrated into content teaching without negative effects in students' exam grades.