bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in seabird assemblage structure and trait diversity in the Rapa Nui (Easter Island) multiple‐use marine protected area
Authors: Plaza Paula , Serratosa Juan , Gusmao Joao B. , Duffy David C. , Arce Paulina , Luna‐Jorquera Guillermo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and its largest islet, Motu Nui, the change of the species assemblage over time was analysed, and a trait‐based approach to evaluate the potential losses in seabird function across the past centuries was applied. At a finer scale, the seasonal changes in seabird species composition in the current seabird assemblage was assessed to better understand the dynamics of the long‐term inferred patterns.For Rapa Nui, the composition of the seabird assemblage between the prehistorical, historical, and current time has changed significantly. The most critical change, probably associated with human colonization, was observed between prehistoric and current times. The current diminished number of nesting seabird species was probably the result of local extirpation without evidence of colonization by new species.For Motu Nui, changes in species composition were also followed by changes in trait structure, which were smaller than observed in Rapa Nui. This is probably due to the presence of a relatively high number of related species (i.e. Procellariids) with high similarities in their foraging behaviour.The nesting seabird assemblages in Rapa Nui and Motu Nui differ in exposure to risk; thus, conservation strategies applied to the islands should be planned on a fine spatial scale. For Rapa Nui, which is an urban wildlife area with several invasive species and a low number of remaining native seabird species, management should focus on fencing and pets control. For Motu Nui, management should instead focus on the establishment of quarantine and other biosecurity tools to avoid both the entry and proliferation of new invasive species.
A review of the cognitive and sensory cues impacting taste perceptions and consumption
Authors: Krishna Aradhna , Elder Ryan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFood has a daily impact on all consumers, requiring frequent evaluations and decisions pre‐consumption, during, and post‐consumption. Given the number of consumer interactions and the complexity of the food consumption process, researchers have increasingly studied food from both a sensory standpoint and cognitive standpoint. In this review, we create a framework for this existing research. Specifically, we discuss research addressing the key sensory drivers of taste perceptions and consumption, including all five senses: vision, olfaction, audition, haptic, and/or taste. We also identify key cognitive contextual drivers of taste perception and consumption within a marketing context, including social cues, atmospherics, branding, and advertising. Building from the extant literature, we generate and propose areas for future food‐related research.
Motor Impairment Increases in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Function of Social Communication, Cognitive and Functional Impairment, Repetitive Behavior Severity, and Comorbid Diagnoses: A SPARK Study Report
Authors: Bhat Anjana N. 
Published: December 2020

Eighty‐seven percent of a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk for motor impairment (Bhat, Physical Therapy, 2020, 100, 633–644). In spite of the high prevalence for motor impairment in children with ASD, it is not considered among the diagnostic criteria or specifiers within DSM‐V. In this article, we analyzed the SPARK study dataset (n = 13,887) to examine associations between risk for motor impairment using the Developmental Coordination Disorder‐Questionnaire (DCD‐Q), social communication impairment using the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), repetitive behavior severity using the Repetitive Behaviors Scale – Revised (RBS‐R), and parent‐reported categories of cognitive, functional, and language impairments. Upon including children with ASD with cognitive impairments, 88.2% of the SPARK sample was at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk ratio for motor impairment in children with ASD was 22.2 times greater compared to the general population and that risk further increased up to 6.2 with increasing social communication (5.7), functional (6.2), cognitive (3.8), and language (1.6) impairments as well as repetitive behavior severity (5.0). Additionally, the magnitude of risk for motor impairment (fine‐ and gross‐motor) increased with increasing severity of all impairment types with medium to large effects. These findings highlight the multisystem nature of ASD, the need to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD, and the need for appropriate motor screening and assessment of children with ASD. Interventions must address not only the social communication and cognitive/behavioral challenges of children with ASD but also their motor function and participation.Lay AbstractEighty‐eight percent of the SPARK sample of children with ASD were at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk for motor impairment was 22.2 times greater in children with ASD compared to the general population and the risk increased with more social communication, repetitive behavior, cognitive, and functional impairment. It is important to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD and there is a need to administer appropriate motor screening, assessment, and interventions in children with ASD.
In situ tracking of microbeads for the detection of biofilm formation
Authors: Boudarel Héloïse , Mathias Jean‐Denis , Blaysat Benoît , Grédiac Michel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we utilize the free motion of beads incorporated in bacterial suspension to investigate the behavior of the medium surrounding the beads during biofilm formation. The use of imaging techniques such as digital image correlation enables tracking of the movement of beads, which serve as markers in the processed images. This method is applied to detect and characterize biofilm formation. The main originality of this study lies in characterizing the evolution of the typology of bead movements during biofilm formation. The aim is to identify bead behaviors that represent the start of biofilm formation. By observing inert bead movements introduced into the bacterial environment, changes in trajectory typologies are detected and appear to be related to sessile bacterial activity, bacterial hindrance, and adhesion or formation of extracellular material. We use our approach to discriminate between the presence or absence of antibiotics mixed with bacteria and to assess their effectiveness. The results highlight the potential of our approach as nondestructive tracking of biofilm dynamics over time based on optical microscope images.
Organ‐ and Age‐Specific Differences ofDioscorea polystachyaCompounds Measured by UPLC‐QTOF/MS
Authors: Yu Yan‐Ge , Guo Xiao‐Yang , Li Xiang‐Yang , Dai Dan‐Dan , Xu Xin‐Ran , Ge Xiao‐Jin , Li Yan‐Jun , Yang Tie‐Gang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDioscorea polystachya, named Chinese yam, is widely cultivated as a functional food and natural medicine in China. There is currently little information about the chemical characteristics ofDioscorea polystachyain different organs (tuber cortex and tuber flesh) and at various ages. In this study, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF/MS) was used to profile chemical compounds inDioscorea polystachya. As a result, thirty‐eight compounds were detected in yam tuber cortex and tuber flesh. More compounds were detected in yam tuber cortex than in tuber flesh. Compounds such as dehydroepiandrosterone, allantoin and flavonoids were selected as biomarker candidates. Dehydroepiandrosterone was found more abundant in tuber flesh, while allantoin and flavonoids showed higher levels in tuber cortex. Furthermore, the levels of dioscin, malvalic acid and sucrose differed significantly among age groups and were highest in the tubers at 2 years. While the levels of allantoin, adenosine and glutamine increased with the growing years and were highest at 4 years. Thus, 2‐year oldDioscorea polystachyatubers could be harvested to prepare dioscin, malvalic acid and sucrose supplements. The 4‐year‐oldDioscorea polystachyatubers would be the best choice for obtaining a large amount of allantoin and adenosine in industrial production.
Relationship between predicting bleeding complication in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE‐DAPT) score and mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Asif Anum , Sezer Ahmet , Thoma Floyd , Toma Catalin , Schindler John , Fowler Jeffrey , Smith Conrad , Marroquin Oscar C. , Mulukutla Suresh R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe predicting bleeding complication in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy, PRECISE‐DAPT (P‐DAPT) score has been validated in large cohorts as an effective tool in predicting bleeding complication after dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as well as in predicting in‐hospital mortality. The implication of using this score to predict outcomes, including mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing PCI is unknown.ObjectiveRole of P‐DAPT score to study clinical outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization, and major bleeding, particularly among patients with AF.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of 18,850 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) across a large multihospital healthcare system from 2010 to 2019. Patients were stratified into four groups depending on the presence or absence of AF and P‐DAPT score, with score ≥ 25 defined as high risk. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The secondary outcomes evaluated were hospitalization and major bleeding.ResultsIn the unadjusted analyses, a P‐DAPT score ≥ 25, in both AF and non‐AF population, was associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and bleeding. After adjusting for baseline covariates, no significant differences in major bleeding risk were found across the four groups. However, a P‐DAPT score of ≥25 in AF patients was associated with a higher risk for hospitalizations related to cardiovascular causes (HR: 2.15 95% CI 2.00–2.3, p < .0001). Among AF patients, P‐DAPT score ≥ 25 was found to be strongly associated with mortality (HR 3.5; 95% CI 2.95–4.25, p < .0001) as compared with AF patients with score < 25 (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.88–1.54, p = .26).ConclusionIn this large cohort of patients undergoing PCI, the P‐DAPT score can help to identify patients at high risk for long‐term mortality, particularly among those with atrial fibrillation.
Effects of processing methods of rice gel on starch digestibility and textural properties
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko , Matsuki Junko , Tokuyasu Ken 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rice variety, rice material such as flour or cooked grain, and preparation conditions on starch digestibility and textural properties of gels.FindingsRice gels were prepared from cooked‐rice grain via high‐speed shear homogenization or rice flour using five high‐amylose rice varieties. Rice‐flour gels formed a harder and more brittle gel structure than did cooked‐rice gels of the same rice variety. Starch digestion of gels was evaluated using both gels of fixed size and ground gels. The extent of starch digestion for cooked‐rice gels of fixed size negatively correlated with the peak area ratio of DP13‐24 of amylopectin. Starch digestibility was higher in rice‐flour gels compared to cooked‐rice gels of the same rice variety. When using gels of fixed size, a significant correlation was observed between the extent of starch digestion and textural properties.ConclusionsBoth rice variety and processing conditions strongly influenced the textural properties of gels, resulting in the formation of a stronger gel structure and suppression of the extent of starch digestion in rice gels.Significance and noveltyThe combination of both rice variety and processing condition significantly suppresses starch digestibility of rice gels.
Bell’s palsy as a possible neurological complication of COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Bastola Anup , Sah Ranjit , Nepal Gaurav , Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Rajbhandari Sagar Kumar , Chalise Bimal Sharma , Shrestha Bikesh , Nepal Richa , Maharjan Kijan , Dhama Kuldeep , Rodríguez‐Morales. Alfonso J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has been associated with several neurological complications. We presented a case of Bell's palsy as a possible neurological complication of COVID‐19 infection. Further research should be conducted to clarify the association, correlation, or causality between COVID‐19 and neuroimmunological diseases.
Reaction Pathway Discrimination in Alkene Oxidation Reactions by Designed Ti‐Siloxy‐Polyoxometalates
Authors: Zhang Teng , Solé‐Daura Albert , Fouilloux Hugo , Poblet Josep M. , Proust Anna , Carbó Jorge J. , Guillemot Geoffroy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTitanium complexes of silanol functionalized polyoxometalates (THA)3[SbW9O33(RSiO)3Ti(OiPr)] (Ti‐SiloxPOMs) catalyze alkene oxidation with tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP). However catalytic activity and product distribution in the oxidation of allylic alcohols are shown to depend on the steric surrounding generated by the SiloxPOM (R=tBu, iPr, nPr). Combined experimental and computational studies clarify how steric repulsions between the oxidant (tBu group) and the surrounding SiloxPOM govern the reaction pathways leading either to oxidation of the alcohol function (R=tBu) or to alkene epoxidation (R=nPr). Moreover, another consequence of this steric repulsive interactions is that outer‐sphere mechanisms become competitive with the inner‐sphere ones (coordination of allylic alcohol), whether for the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction or for the epoxidation reaction. In the case of unfunctionalized olefins (linear and cyclic), we show that reducing the bulkiness surrounding the active site leads to higher conversion to epoxide, emphasizing that these Ti‐SiloxPOMs may behave as structural and functional models for metal single‐site in Ti‐Silicates.
Clinical significance of left atrial geometry in dilated cardiomyopathy patients: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Yazaki Mayu , Nabeta Takeru , Inomata Takayuki , Maemura Kenji , Oki Takumi , Fujita Teppei , Ikeda Yuki , Ishii Shunsuke , Naruke Takashi , Inoue Yusuke , Ako Junya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical significance of left atrial (LA) function and geometry in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains uncertain.HypothesisLA geometric parameters assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) predict the prognosis in patients with DCM.MethodsThe present study included patients with DCM and sinus rhythm who underwent CMR between December 2007 and April 2018. LA volume was measured using CMR. LA sphericity index was computed as the ratio of the measured maximum LA volume by the volume of a sphere with maximum LA length diameter.ResultsWe included 255 patients in this study. During the mean follow‐up of 3.92 years, hospitalization for HF occurred in 37 patients. The LA sphericity index was significantly higher in patients with hospitalization for HF than in those without (0.78 ± 0.35 vs. 0.58 ± 0.18, p < .001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified a higher LA sphericity index as an independent predictor of hospitalization for HF. Patients were categorized based on the median of LA sphericity index. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that patients with a high LA sphericity index (≥0.57) had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization for HF than those with a low LA sphericity index (<0.57).ConclusionLA sphericity index was an independent predictor of hospitalization for HF. Assessment of LA geometric parameters might be useful for risk stratification in patients with DCM.
Racial disparities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and gynecologic malignancy
Authors: Lara Olivia D. , Smith Maria J. , Wang Yuyan , O’Cearbhaill Roisin , Blank Stephanie V. , Kolev Valentin , Carr Caitlin , Knisely Anne , McEachron Jennifer , Gabor Lisa , Chapman‐Davis Eloise , Jee Justin , Fehniger Julia , Lee Yi‐Chun , Isani Sara , Liu Mengling , Wright Jason D. , Pothuri Bhavana 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMounting evidence suggests disproportionate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) hospitalizations and deaths because of racial disparities. The association of race in a cohort of gynecologic oncology patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 infection is unknown.MethodsData were abstracted from gynecologic oncology patients with COVID‐19 infection among 8 New York City area hospital systems. A multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression model accounting for county clustering was used to analyze COVID‐19–related hospitalization and mortality.ResultsOf 193 patients who had gynecologic cancer and COVID‐19, 67 (34.7%) were Black, and 126 (65.3%) were non‐Black. Black patients were more likely to require hospitalization compared with non‐Black patients (71.6% [48 of 67] vs 46.0% [58 of 126]; P = .001). Of 34 (17.6%) patients who died from COVID‐19, 14 (41.2%) were Black. Among those who were hospitalized, compared with non‐Black patients, Black patients were more likely to: have ≥3 comorbidities (81.1% [30 of 37] vs 59.2% [29 of 49]; P = .05), to reside in Brooklyn (81.0% [17 of 21] vs 44.4% [12 of 27]; P = .02), to live with family (69.4% [25 of 36] vs 41.6% [37 of 89]; P = .009), and to have public insurance (79.6% [39 of 49] vs 53.4% [39 of 73]; P = .006). In multivariable analysis, among patients aged <65 years, Black patients were more likely to require hospitalization compared with non‐Black patients (odds ratio, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.82‐12.99; P = .002).ConclusionsAlthough Black patients represented only one‐third of patients with gynecologic cancer, they accounted for disproportionate rates of hospitalization (>45%) and death (>40%) because of COVID‐19 infection; younger Black patients had a nearly 5‐fold greater risk of hospitalization. Efforts to understand and improve these disparities in COVID‐19 outcomes among Black patients are critical.
Quality of life and factors affecting it in adult cancer patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ramasubbu Saravana Kumar , Pasricha Rajesh K. , Nath Uttam K. , Rawat Vikram Singh , Das Biswadeep 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer is the second most common cause of deaths worldwide. Likewise, in India, it is a major health problem, and disease burden is escalating every year. Cancer chemotherapy produces unfavorable effects on the well‐being of an individual. Since the past few years, quality of life (QoL) is considered as the main goal of cancer treatment in the survival of a patient.AimThis current study aimed to assess the QoL and factors affecting it in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment.Methods and ResultsAn analytical, cross‐sectional study was conducted to achieve the objectives, employing the consecutive sampling method. A total of 120 adult (>19 years) patients were recruited from daycare chemotherapy unit of a tertiary care hospital. The data were collected using patient record form and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General (FACT‐G), a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. The overall mean score of quality of life (QoL) was 61.933 ± 5.85502. The domains of functional well‐being and emotional well‐being were most negatively affected after cancer chemotherapy. Education (illiteracy) and occupation (unemployment) were negatively associated with overall quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients on chemotherapy. Adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy negatively affect the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients. Education (illiteracy) affects social well‐being domain of cancer patients. Working in the government/private sector has a positive impact on functional well‐being domain of quality of life (QoL).ConclusionThe study findings suggest an overall low quality of life (QoL) among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at our setup. It has been identified as a stressful therapy, also affecting both psychological and physical well‐being. Poor infrastructure, illiteracy, poverty, and lack of proper treatment facilities at most centres often lead to poor survival outcomes and hence focus has always been on achieving quantity of life rather than quality of life (QoL). This is further complicated due to nonavailability of validated tools in local vernacular, apathy of the treating physicians in the context of QoL aspects and social and cultural factors that are unique to this society. Psycho‐oncology needs to become an integral entity of comprehensive cancer care.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the EXTREME regimen for treating recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in older and younger adult patients
Authors: Fukuda Naoki , Yunokawa Mayu , Fujiwara Yu , Wang Xiaofei , Ohmoto Akihiro , Hayashi Naomi , Urasaki Tetsuya , Sato Yasuyoshi , Nakano Kenji , Ono Makiko , Tomomatsu Junichi , Mitani Hiroki , Takahashi Shunji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a geriatric cancer. However, older adult patients are frequently underrepresented in large clinical trials.AimsThe aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the EXTREME regimen (platinum + fluorouracil + cetuximab) in older and younger adult patients with HNSCC.Methods and resultsPatients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC treated with the EXTREME regimen were retrospectively analyzed. We compare the efficacy and safety in older (aged ≥70 years) younger (aged <70 years) adult patients. Of the 86 patients examined in this study, 21 (24.4%) were older adults. There was no difference in overall response rate (46.9% vs 38.5%, P = .76), median progression‐free survival [5.7 months vs 5.8 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52‐1.51, P = .66] and overall survival (OS) (14.6 months vs 15.2 months, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.43‐1.43, P = .44) in younger vs older patients. There was also no difference in the incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events between groups. The exploratory analysis for geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) showed the association with lower GNRI (≤98) and poor OS in older adult patients (37.7 months vs 7.0 months, HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31‐0.89, P = .002).ConclusionsThe EXTREME regimen with optimal dose modification is safe and effective for both older and younger adult patients with HNSCC. The GNRI can be an indicator to select the older adult patients who can get benefit from the EXTREME regimen.