bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating the C3 Framework in the social studies: an action research study
Authors: McGlinn Manfra Meghan , Greiner Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe C3 Framework is a recent example in a long history within the field of social studies education of efforts to engage teachers and students in inquiry-oriented teaching and learning. While there is some research regarding the efficacy of the inquiry design model (IDM) of the C3 Framework, few studies have sought to engage social studies teachers as coresearchers as they integrate the framework. This study addressed a persistent divide between the theory and practice of integrating inquiry in the social studies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a classroom teacher and a university-based researcher conducted a hybrid action research study to understand the instructional shifts that occur as the C3 Framework is fully implemented into instruction.FindingsBased on the findings, the authors present a theory of action to highlight key opportunities to shift instruction, while also acknowledging the factors that might mitigate those shifts. In particular, the authors focus on teacher decision-making and contextual factors that allow for and hinder the full integration of inquiry.Originality/valueThis study is unique in developing a hybrid action research/qualitative case study that provides insider knowledge related to improving social studies teaching and learning.
Attribution: A New Controversy?
Authors: Lim Ernest 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough courts have generally endorsed the contextual, purposive approach to attribution, there remains significant uncertainty in its application. The recent Singapore Court of Appeal's decision in Red Star raised an issue that was hitherto unaddressed by the Singapore and UK courts: whether the claim brought by a solvent company against its fraudulent employee should be barred by the illegality defence where the person who was essentially the sole director and shareholder consented to the employee's fraud. Underlying the simplicity of the facts and issue are difficult questions of law and policy that have important implications for the law of corporate attribution. This article argues that the reasoning and result in Red Star are questionable. In doing so it critically examines the key principles and policies that are at stake and concludes by suggesting a different approach.
Maternal cardiac arrest: a retrospective analysis
Authors: He F , Li RR , Liu PS , Yang YL , Huang CJ , Chen DJ 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and factors which may influence the maternal outcomes of maternal cardiac arrest (MCA).DesignRetrospective analysis of cases.SettingChina.Population or sampleA total of 61 MCA patients admitted or transferred to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2000 to December 2019.MethodsClinical data for MCA were analysed retrospectively. The indicators included maternal age; BMI; gestational age; antenatal examination; income; MCA cause and place; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); mode of delivery; maternal prognosis; and neonatal outcome.Main outcome measuresThe impact of case characteristics on maternal prognosis of MCA.ResultsThe hospital received 61 patients with MCA, 36 of whom died (mortality 59.0%, 95% CI 46.3–71.7%). MCA was predominantly caused by treatable complications. Those who died were more likely to have collapsed in the ICU.ConclusionsRegular antenatal examination and early intervention can reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The location of MCA occurred may be related to maternal prognosis. The leading causes of MCA were postpartum haemorrhage and amniotic fluid embolism.Tweetable abstractA retrospective analysis describes the correlation between case characteristics of MCA and maternal outcomes.
How Much Farm Succession is Needed to Ensure Resilience of Farming Systems?
Authors: Pitson Christine , Bijttebier Jo , Appel Franziska , Balmann Alfons 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFarm succession is a key policy concern of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy and the European Commission's proposals for the future. This article uses the agent‐based model AgriPoliS to study the effects of the availability of potential successors in two agricultural regions, one in Belgium (Flanders) and one in eastern Germany (the Altmark). The analysis provides no indication that considerably fewer successors would threaten the ability of the farming systems to ensure an adequate provision of private and public goods. Most farm closures occur due to the low efficiency of some farms which hinders the ability of famers to cover true long‐term opportunity costs, i.e. the possibility of earning a higher income outside agriculture. In both study regions, a lack of successors leads to adaptations which create new opportunities for other farms and, in Flanders, to higher economic prosperity at the regional level. The adaptations differ between regions due to existing farm structures, labour demands and costs, institutional frameworks, and the ability to exploit economies of scale. The results of the simulations challenge the notion central to many CAP policies – that more farm succession is better for European agriculture. These findings call for a contextualised reconsideration of agricultural policies which support structural change and regional growth – not hinder it.
Bacteriophage‐mediated interference of the c‐di‐GMP signalling pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: De Smet Jeroen , Wagemans Jeroen , Hendrix Hanne , Staes Ines , Visnapuu Annegrete , Horemans Benjamin , Aertsen Abram , Lavigne Rob 
Published: December 2020

SummaryC‐di‐GMP is a key signalling molecule which impacts bacterial motility and biofilm formation and is formed by the condensation of two GTP molecules by a diguanylate cyclase. We here describe the identification and characterization of a family of bacteriophage‐encoded peptides that directly impact c‐di‐GMP signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These phage proteins target Pseudomonas diguanylate cyclase YfiN by direct protein interaction (termed YIPs, YfiN Interacting Peptides). YIPs induce an increase of c‐di‐GMP production in the host cell, resulting in a decrease in motility and an increase in biofilm mass in P. aeruginosa. A dynamic analysis of the biofilm morphology indicates a denser biofilm structure after induction of the phage protein. This intracellular signalling interference strategy by a lytic phage constitutes an unexplored phage‐based mechanism of metabolic regulation and could potentially serve as inspiration for the development of molecules that interfere with biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and other pathogens.
Distinct clinicopathological features of pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: A report of four new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Liping , Ren Li , Liu Dongge , Du Jun , Zhang Min , Lou Ge , Song Ying , Wang Yin , Wu Chunyan , Han Guiping 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to highlight the clinicopathological features of pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (PPAFH) to assist with a differential diagnosis.MethodsThere were 10 previous reports in the literature and four new PPAFH cases reviewed in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA and RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in the four new cases reported here.ResultsIn the four new PPAFH cases, the ages of occurrence were in patients age from 33 to 55 years and tumor sizes were from 1.5 to 8 cm. Three of four (75.0%) tumors were located in the endobronchus. The most common morphological changes included delineated fibrous capsule (100%, 4/4), lymphoplasmacytic cuff (100%, 4/4), and dense or richly lymphoplasmatic infiltration (100%, 4/4). IHC analysis revealed that the tumor cells of four cases expressed vimentin and TLE1, ALK and CD163 or CD68 was positive in three cases, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin was positive in two cases, and SMA focal positive expression was observed in two cases. EWSR1 gene rearrangement was positive in all PPAFH cases (100%, 4/4) by FISH detections and four cases were confirmed as EWSR1‐CREB1 fusion variant by DNA and RNA based NGS. No regional lymph nodes and distal metastasis, recurrences and death of disease after surgical excision were recorded in all four cases.ConclusionsPPAFH is a very unusual pulmonary primary mesenchymal tumor and the clinicopathological features are like other unusual sites counterparts, but with a smaller tumor size, related with large airway, with a tendency to exhibit benign biological behavior, with EWSR1 gene rearrangement and higher frequency of EWSR1‐CREB1 gene fusion.Key pointsSignificant findings in the study: In comparison with “classic somatic” and nonpulmonary visceral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma display distinct clinicopathological features and prognosis.What this study adds The study provided the pathological differential diagnostic criteria and clinico‐pathological features for pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.
Clozapine and mortality: A comparison with other antipsychotics in a nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: van der Zalm Yvonne , Foldager Leslie , Termorshuizen Fabian , Sommer Iris E. , Nielsen Jimmi , Selten Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the mortality in people using clozapine to that of people using other antipsychotics.MethodsDanish incidence cohort of 22,110 patients with a first diagnosis of non‐affective psychotic disorder (1995–2013) and a prevalence cohort of 50,881 patients ever diagnosed with such a disorder (1969–2013). Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for the antipsychotic drug used at the time of death (“current use”: incidence and prevalence cohort) and for the drug used for the longest at that moment (“cumulative use”: incidence cohort), using a Cox model with adjustment for somatic comorbidity. Clozapine was the reference drug.ResultsAs for current drug use, the risk of suicide was higher among users of other antipsychotics in the incidence (HRadj = 1.76; 95% CI 0.72–4.32) and prevalence (HRadj = 2.20; 95% CI 1.35–3.59) cohorts. There was no significant difference in all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality in the two cohorts. Cumulative use of clozapine was not associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality. Cumulative use of other antipsychotics for up to 1 year was associated with a lower all‐cause mortality and suicide risk than a similar period of clozapine use (all‐cause: HRadj = 0.73; 95% CI 0.63–0.85, suicide; HRadj = 0.65; 95% CI 0.46–0.91).ConclusionThe results indicate that the use of clozapine is not associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We found opposing trends toward a lower risk of suicide during current use of clozapine and a higher risk of suicide associated with cumulative use up to 1 year. This suggests that clozapine cessation marks a period of high risk of suicide.
TNF‐α inhibits GDNF levels in Sertoli cells, through a NF‐κB‐dependent, HES1‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Di Persio Sara , Starace Donatella , Capponi Chiara , Saracino Rossana , Fera Stefania , Filippini Antonio , Vicini Elena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a soluble molecule crucial for the regulation of the spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) of the testis. The effects of GDNF on target cells have been extensively described, but mechanisms underlying GDNF regulation are currently under investigation. In the nervous system, GDNF expression is regulated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) but the effect of these cytokines on GDNF expression in the testis is unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of TNF‐α on GDNF expression levels using primary murine Sertoli cells as experimental model.Material and methodsThe expression of TNF‐α‐regulated genes including Gdnf in different culture conditions was determined by real‐time PCR. GDNF protein levels were determined by ELISA. The activation of the NF‐κb pathway and HES1 levels were assessed by Western Blot analysis and immunofluorescence. HES1 expression was downregulated by RNAi.ResultsIn primary Sertoli cells, TNF‐α downregulates GDNF levels through a nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, TNF‐α induces the transcriptional repressor HES1 by a NF‐Κb‐dependent mechanism, which in turn downregulates GDNF.DiscussionUnder physiological conditions, TNF‐α is secreted by germ cells suggesting that this cytokine plays a role in the paracrine control of SSC niche by modulating GDNF levels. HES1, a well‐known target of the Notch pathway, is implicated in the regulation of GDNF expression. In Sertoli cells, TNF‐α and Notch signaling may converge at molecular level, to regulate the expression of HES1 and HES1‐ target genes, including GDNF.ConclusionsBecause of the importance of GDNF for spermatogonial stem cell self‐renewal and proliferation, this data may give important insights on how cytokine signals in the testis modulate the expression of niche‐derived factors.
Downregulated GPR30 expression in the epileptogenic foci of female patients with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex is correlated with 18F‐FDG PET‐CT values
Authors: Wang Zhongke , Huang Kaixuan , Yang Xiaolin , Shen Kaifeng , Yang Ling , Ruan Ruotong , Shi Xianjun , Wang Miao , Zhu Gang , Yang Meihua , Zhang Chunqing , Lv Shengqing , Yang Hui , Fan Xiaotang , Liu Shiyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFocal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are typical causes of developmental delay and refractory epilepsy. G‐protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is a specific estrogen receptor that is critical in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal excitability, suggesting that it plays a potential role in the epilepsy of patients with FCDIIb and TSC. Therefore, we investigated the role of GPR30 in patients with FCDIIb and TSC. We found that the expression of GPR30 and its downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway were decreased and negatively correlated with seizure frequency in female patients with FCDIIb and TSC, but not in male patients. GPR30 was widely distributed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and its downregulation was especially notable in microglia. The GPR30 agonist G‐1 increased the expression of PKA and p‐PKA in cultured cortical neurons, and the GPR30 antagonist G‐15 exhibited the opposite effects of G‐1. The NF‐κB signaling pathway was also activated in the specimens of female patients with FCDIIb and TSC, and was regulated by G‐1 and G‐15 in cultured cortical neurons. We also found that GPR30 regulated cortical neuronal excitability by altering the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and the expression of NR2A/B. Further, the relationship between GPR30 and glycometabolism was evaluated by analyzing the correlations between GPR30 and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT values (standardized uptake values, SUVs). Positive correlations between GPR30 and SUVs were found in female patients, but not in male patients. Intriguingly, GPR30 expression and SUVs were significantly decreased in the epileptogenic tubers of female TSC patients, and ROC curves indicated that SUVs could predict the localization of epileptogenic tubers. Taken together, our results suggest a potential protective effect of GPR30 in the epileptogenesis of female patients with FCDIIb and TSC.
Multi‐species occupancy models: an effective and flexible framework for studies of insect communities
Authors: Mourguiart Bastien , Couturier Thibaut , Braud Yoan , Mansons Jérôme , Combrisson Damien , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: December 2020

Entomological studies often aim to estimate species distribution, community composition, or species‐richness patterns. False absences can, however, bias these estimates and should consequently not be overlooked in insect studies. Multi‐species occupancy models (MSOMs) afford a flexible solution to cover the main topics in ecological entomology while dealing with detectability issues.
We sampled Orthoptera communities at 81 mountain grasslands sites in France, using three sampling techniques: sighting, listening, and sweep netting. Five plots were sampled per site. This sampling design allowed MSOMs to be used to estimate richness, occupancy, and detection probabilities while accounting for the effect of covariates. We also used MSOMs to evaluate the efficiency of the survey design and to assess the effects of sampling optimisation.
The estimates obtained for altitudinal distribution were reliable, with known species distributions confirming the relevance of MSOMs to model the effects of covariates on Orthoptera communities. The species‐specific detection probability was often less than one and varied with the detection technique used and the grass height, confirming the need to deal with detection issues in orthopteran studies.
We estimated an inventory completeness superior to 0.80 for 93% of the sites, and an overall detection probability superior to 0.95 for 52% of the species, suggesting the sampling design was suitable for studying occupancy in Orthoptera communities. We also found that the sweep netting step may be omitted or the number of plots reduced without affecting species detectability or inventory completeness. Those recommendations may help to optimise future sampling strategies.
Reliability of a grading rubric designed to evaluate the reflective ability of predoctoral dental students
Authors: Heathman Angela K. , Mitchell Tanya V. , Van Ness Christopher J. , Godley Lance W. , Ehrenberger Caryn J. , Wendland Meghan E. , Gadbury‐Amyot Cynthia C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionReflection and self‐assessment are critical skills for healthcare providers. Identification of gaps in knowledge, skills and attitudes, along with the ability to critically think and problem solve to fill gaps, is the ultimate outcome for lifelong learning. The aims of this study were to (a) refine an instrument used for measuring reflective ability, and conduct comprehensive reliability testing, and (b) describe a process for rater calibration.Materials and MethodsStudents develop e‐portfolios over a four‐year span with assignments that require reflection and self‐assessment. The final piece of the portfolio includes a global reflection written the last semester of the programme. Three faculty raters independently evaluated 106 dental students’ global reflections using the revised grading rubric. An intraclass correlation coefficient measured the level of agreement between the three raters.ResultsAnalysis of the 318 faculty ratings (106/rater) resulted in an intraclass correlation of .708. Based on a 5‐point grading scale (0 = does not respond to the assignment to 5 = reconstructing), the ratings of the 106 global reflections ranged from 1.3 to 5.0 (M = 3.1, SD =0.66).DiscussionThis study provides confidence in the reliability of a grading rubric designed to assess reflective ability, along with suggestions for calibration. An overall mean of 3.1 (Level 3 = relating—includes evidence of lessons learned) illustrates the complexity of teaching reflection and self‐assessment.ConclusionUse of a reliable grading rubric for assessing reflective writing could assist schools interested in incorporating reflection and self‐assessment into the curriculum, ultimately supporting lifelong and enhanced health care.
Vitamin E and acute graft‐versus‐host disease after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Gjærde Lars Klingen , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Minculescu Lia , Andersen Niels Smedegaard , Friis Lone Smidstrup , Kornblit Brian , Petersen Søren Lykke , Schjødt Ida , Sengeløv Henrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesVitamin E has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects that might influence the development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). We investigated the association between plasma vitamin E levels and acute GvHD.MethodsWe studied 115 adults who underwent myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation between July 2015 and August 2018. Vitamin E was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography in stored plasma samples obtained pre‐transplantation at day –23 (±15 days) and post‐transplantation at day +28 (±3 days).ResultsPre‐transplantation vitamin E levels were inversely associated with grade II–IV acute GvHD (hazard ratio 0.68 per 10 µmol/L increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47‐0.98). The association remained after adjustment for known prognostic factors for acute GvHD. Patients with levels below the median had a cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute GvHD of 46% (CI: 33‐59%) versus 21% (CI: 10‐32%) in patients with levels above the median. No clear association with non‐relapse mortality, relapse, or chronic GvHD was found. Post‐transplantation vitamin E levels (measured in 72 [63%] patients) were correlated with pre‐transplantation levels (ρ = .31) but were not associated with subsequent grade II–IV acute GvHD.ConclusionsHigh pre‐transplantation vitamin E levels were associated with less acute GvHD.
Activity of fast‐spiking interneurons in the monkey striatum during reaching movements guided by external cues or by a free choice
Authors: Marche Kévin , Apicella Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParvalbumin‐containing GABAergic interneurons in the striatum, electrophysiologically identified as fast‐spiking interneurons (FSIs), exert inhibitory control over striatal output to drive appropriate behavior. While a number of studies have emphasized their importance in motor control, it is unknown how these putative interneurons adapt their functional properties to different modes of movement selection. Here, we tested whether FSIs are sensitive to externally versus internally selected movements by recording their activity while two male rhesus monkeys performed reaching movements to visual targets. Two variants were used: an external condition, in which movements were instructed via external cues, and an internal condition, in which movements were guided by an internal representation of the target location. These conditions allowed to contrast the FSI activity associated with either externally cued or internally driven movement selection. After extensive training, reaching performance was only marginally affected by the type of movement, albeit with some differences between the monkeys. Over two‐thirds of the FSIs were modulated around movement onset, regardless of the condition, and consisting mostly of increased activity. We found that a subset of FSIs showed stronger activation related to the initiation of movements in the external condition than in the internal condition, suggesting a dependence on movement selection mode. Moreover, this difference in the strength of FSI activation was predominant in the motor striatum. These data indicate that changes in FSI activity carry information that is scaled by constraints on action selection reflecting the involvement of local striatal inhibitory circuits in adaptation of behavior according to task demands.