bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborn signal functions in Bangladesh: identification through expert consultation and assessment of readiness among public health facilities—study protocol using Delphi technique
Authors: Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Banik Goutom , Mhajabin Shema , Tahsina Tazeen , Islam Md. Jahurul , Uddin Ahmed Farid , Islam Mushair Ul , Mannan Md Abdul , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Sharmin Shamina , Mehran Fida , Khan Mahbuba , Ahmed Anisuddin , Al Sabir Ahmed , Sultana Shahin , Ahsan Ziaul , Rubayet Sayed , George Joby , Karim Afsana , Shahidullah Mohammod , Arifeen Shams El 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThere is a set of globally accepted and nationally adapted signal functions for categorising health facilities for maternal services. Newborn resuscitation is the only newborn intervention which is included in the WHO recommended list of emergency obstetric care signal functions. This is not enough to comprehensively assess the readiness of a health facility for providing newborn services. In order to address the major causes of newborn death, the Government of Bangladesh has prioritised a set of newborn interventions for national scale-up, the majority of which are facility-based. Effective delivery of these interventions depends on a core set of functions (skills and services). However, there is no standardised and approved set of newborn signal functions (NSFs) based on which the service availability and readiness of a health facility can be assessed for providing newborn services. Thus, this study will be the first of its kind to identify such NSFs. These NSFs can categorise health facilities and assist policymakers and health managers to appropriately plan and adequately monitor the progress and performance of health facilities delivering newborn healthcare.Methods and analysisWe will adopt the Delphi technique of consensus building for identification of NSFs and 1–2 indicator for each function while employing expert consultation from relevant experts in Bangladesh. Based on the identified NSFs and signal function indicators, the existing health facility assessment (HFA) tools will be updated, and an HFA survey will be conducted to assess service availability and readiness of public health facilities in relation to the new NSFs. Descriptive statistics (proportion) with a 95% CI will be used to report the level of service availability and readiness of public facilities regarding NSFs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from Research Review and Ethical Review Committee of icddr, b (PR-17089). Results will be disseminated through meetings, seminars, conference presentations and international peer-review journal articles.
Correlation of sarcopenia and depressive mood in older community dwellers: a cross-sectional observational study in China
Authors: Chen Lei , Sheng Yunlu , Qi Hanmei , Tang Tingting , Yu Jing , Lv Shan 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveWhether sarcopenia is detrimental to depression is still controversial, which may be due to the three components of the sarcopenia. Our objective was to define the correlation between depression and sarcopenia in older Chinese community dwellers.DesignThe study has a cross-sectional design.SettingThe study was conducted in Jiangsu, China.ParticipantsA total of 101 men and 149 women aged 60 years or older were recruited.Outcome measuresLean tissue mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength in the upper and lower limbs was measured by a handheld dynamometer and a chair stand test, respectively. Physical performance was assessed by gait speed and standing balance tests. Depressive mood was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (range 0–30).ResultsParticipants in the sarcopenia group had a higher mean depression score than the normal group (p=0.002). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that depression was negatively associated with muscle strength (handgrip strength: R=−0.170, p=0.028 for women, R=−0.196, p=0.048 for men; chair stand test performance: R=0.252, p=0.002 for women, R=0.311, p=0.001 for men) and physical performance (gait speed: R=−0.200, p=0.009, standing balance test performance: R=−0.224, p=0.006, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): R=−0.218, p=0.007 for women; SPPB: R=−0.252, p=0.01 for men). Multiple linear regression models revealed that depressive mood was inversely associated with chair stand test (β=0.325, p<0.001), gait speed (β=−0.009, p=0.041) and standing balance test (β=−0.24, p=0.016) after adjusting for confounding factors, while no significant correlation was observed between depressive mood and muscle mass.ConclusionThe diagnostic components of sarcopenia—strength of the leg muscles (chair stand test) and physical performance (gait speed and standing balance test)—were associated with depressive mood.
Prevalence of depression symptoms and its influencing factors among pregnant women in late pregnancy in urban areas of Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Yunhan , Zhu Xidi , Xu Huilan , Hu Zhao , Zhou Wensu , Zheng Baohua , Yin Shilin 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its influencing factors in late pregnancy.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFourteen community in urban areas of Hengyang City.ParticipantsThe study conducted from July to October 2019, and surveyed 813 women in late pregnancy who lived in urban areas of Hengyang for more than 6 months, signed an informed consent and were without cognitive disorders, severe mental illnesses or other serious diseases.MeasuresPerinatal depression symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and perinatal anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale. Sociodemographic variables, obstetric characteristics, lifestyle behaviours, family factors, social support, sleep quality and self-efficacy were obtained through structured questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of depression symptoms among pregnant women in late pregnancy was 9.2% (95% CI 7.2%–11.2%). Protective factor: age between 25 and 29 years (OR=0.398; 95% CI 0.16–0.991). Risk factors: a normal relationship with her mother-in-law (OR=5.309; 95% CI 1.122–4.184), artificial insemination (OR=4.339; 95% CI 1.492–12.623), no exercise during pregnancy (OR=2.666; 95% CI 1.177–6.039), low self-efficacy (OR=4.253; 95% CI 1.518–11.916), low social support (OR=2.371; 95% CI 1.206–4.661), poor sleep quality (OR=2.134; 95% CI 1.131–4.027), existence of anxiety symptoms (OR=17.654; 95% CI 8.494–36.689).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression symptoms is lower than that in developing countries, but due to the large population base of China, the problem should still be taken seriously. To prevent mental disorders of pregnant women, early screening for mental disorders, promotion of healthy lifestyles, mental healthcare during pregnancy and improved family and social support should be implemented during pregnancy nursing.
Insufficient quality of public automated external defibrillator recordings in the greater Paris area, a descriptive study
Authors: Derkenne Clément , Jost Daniel , Haruel Pierre Alexandre , Kedzierewicz Romain , Frattini Benoit , Frédéric Lemoine , Diegelmann Pascal , Gouze Jeremy , Roquet Florian , Travers Stéphane ,   Paris Fire Brigade Cardiac Arrest Task Force, Bihannic Rene , Prunet Bertrand 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWestern countries report a significant increase in the proportion of patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) and benefit from a public automated external defibrillator (pAED) before the arrival of rescue teams. However, recordings of devices recovered after resuscitation are of variable quality. Analysis of these data may inform decisions of whether to implement an internal defibrillator for survivors, and provide useful information about the performance of pAED algorithms and the actions of bystanders.ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of the information recorded by pAEDs during OHCAs in the Paris area.MethodspAED files used for some of the 8629 OHCAs that occurred in the greater Paris area between 1 January 2017 and 31 April 2019 on the day of the arrest were collected. The presence and accuracy of 23 factors required to interpret the recording was noted, including readability of the ECG, the presence of an impedance curve and the accuracy of the date and time. The recordings were analysed to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic performance of the pAEDs used.ResultsA total of 258 patients with an OHCA received assistance from a pAED, and 182 recordings were recovered. The pAEDs were made by 12 different manufacturers. Data extraction required eight different transmission modes and 16 software programmes; recordings were of highly heterogeneous quality. Two per cent of the recordings were of such poor quality that they were not interpretable. Among the 98% remaining, only 43% included a thoracic impedance curve, 34% the intensity of the shocks delivered and 8% the patient name. The date and time were accurate in 68% and 48% of recordings, respectively. The pAEDs had 87.6% (95% CI 83.7% to 91.0%) sensitivity and 99.5% (99.5% to 99.5%) specificity for defibrillating shockable rhythms (positive predictive value 98.2% (96.4% to 99.0%), negative predictive value 96.4% (95.3% to 96.8%)). The absence of important variables prevented the analysis of approximately half of the inappropriate decisions made by pAEDs.ConclusionCollection of pAED recordings is a major challenge. Their analysis is compromised by heterogeneity and poor quality (incomplete maintenance records, patient details and logs). AED recordings are currently the most relevant resource to track pAED performance and bystander practices. The quality of these recordings needs to improve.
Descriptive account of 18 adults with known HIV infection hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Madge Sara , Barber Tristan J , Hunter Alan , Bhagani Sanjay , Lipman Marc , Burns Fiona 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo report on the clinical characteristics and outcome of 18 people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a London teaching hospital.MethodsThe hospital notes of 18 PLWH hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively reviewed alongside data concerning their HIV demographics from an established HIV Database.ResultsThe majority (16/18) had positive PCR swabs for SARS-CoV-2, and two had negative swabs but typical COVID-19 imaging and history. Most were male (14/18, 78%), median age 63 years (range 47–77 years). Two-thirds were migrants, nine (50%) of Black, Asian and minority ethnicity (BAME). All were diagnosed with HIV for many years (range 8–31 years), and all had an undetectable HIV viral load (<40 copies/mL). The median CD4 prior to admission was 439 (IQR 239–651), and 10/16 (63%) had a CD4 nadir below 200 cells/mm3. Almost all (17/18) had been diagnosed with at least one comorbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 prior to admission. 3/18 patients died. None received mechanical ventilation. Hospital stay and clinical course did not appear prolonged (median 9 days).ConclusionsOur data suggest that PLWH may not necessarily have prolonged or complex admissions to hospital when compared with the general hospital and national population admitted with COVID-19. Many had low nadir CD4 counts and potentially impaired functional immune restoration. The PLWH group was younger than generally reported for COVID-19, and the majority were male with multiple complex comorbidities. These patients had frequent contact with hospital settings increasing potential for nosocomial acquisition and increased risk of severe COVID-19.
Damage control hip disarticulation: two-stage operation with index creation of a large medial flap for the septic hip
Authors: Colosimo Christina , Fredericks Charles , Yon James R , Kubasiak John C , Bokhari Faran , Poulakidas Stathis 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlthough rarely performed, hip disarticulation (HD) is usually used for the patient with a non-viable leg who is also in extremis. HD was first used for trauma and infection; however, the technique was perfected during the age of hindquarter amputation for osteosarcomas. The operation performed by most surgeons today is still based on the oncological principles of high vessel control and ligation. When this approach has been used in the overwhelmingly infected or mangled extremity, it has resulted in high mortality rates. During the last 20 years, the concept of damage control operation has been embraced by emergency surgeons in all fields. We sought to extrapolate this concept and to apply it to the non-viable lower extremity.MethodsWe describe a new concept of damage control HD, review the technique and discuss our consecutive series of nine patients who underwent the procedure for trauma or necrotizing infection without flap dehiscence or mortality.ResultsAll patients survived to hospital discharge. At time of discharge or at follow-up, six of the nine patients were able to transfer to a wheelchair.DiscussionProper disarticulations for infection need to address these two operative and postoperative issues: damage control debridement with creation of sufficient flap size and thorough postoperative wound care.Level IV
An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis and optimization modeling approach to spatially operational road repair decisions
Authors: Ezzati Sättar , Palma Cristian D. , Bettinger Pete , Eriksson Ljusk Ola , Awasthi Anjali 
Published: September 2020

In this study, we developed a generic cost-effective approach for spatially explicit decision support involving the allocation of road repair treatments. The approach begins with an assessment of the existing road condition to identify the extent of environmental impacts and to determine road repair regimes in a subjective manner using group-decision making efforts. An integer programming model is then formulated by combining expert opinions with operational costs to guide repair schedules required for each road segment at the operational planning level. To demonstrate model performance, we applied it to a 400 km2 landscape consisting of 289 km of paved roads in the mountainous region of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran. We assessed sensitivity of the inputs, such as weight verification, budgetary limitations, and rehabilitation weights. The results of the subjective analysis show that 76% of the roads analyzed in these forests must be prioritized to receive treatments as intended for logistical purposes. Incorporating the extent of environmental dimensions into operational costs allows us to generate an optimal tradeoff curve by selecting an appropriate treatment for segments of a road network. The approach demonstrated here can be used to design detailed alternative solutions for addressing spatially-informed road decisions under various terrain conditions.
Sensitivity of the DARWIN observatory to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{136}$$Xe
Authors: Agostini F. , Maouloud S. E. M. Ahmed , Althueser L. , Amaro F. , Antunovic B. , Aprile E. , Baudis L. , Baur D. , Biondi Y. , Bismark A. , Breur P. A. , Brown A. , Bruno G. , Budnik R. , Capelli C. , Cardoso J. , Cichon D. , Clark M. , Colijn A. P. , Cuenca-García J. J. , Cussonneau J. P. , Decowski M. P. , Depoian A. , Dierle J. , Gangi P. Di , Giovanni A. Di , Diglio S. , Santos J. M. F. dos , Drexlin G. , Eitel K. , Engel R. , Ferella A. D. , Fischer H. , Galloway M. , Gao F. , Girard F. , Glück F. , Grandi L. , Größle R. , Gumbsheimer R. , Hansmann-Menzemer S. , Jörg F. , Khundzakishvili G. , Kopec A. , Kuger F. , Krauss L. M. , Landsman H. , Lang R. F. , Lindemann S. , Lindner M. , Lopes J. A. M. , Villalpando A. Loya , Macolino C. , Manfredini A. , Undagoitia T. Marrodán , Masbou J. , Masson E. , Meinhardt P. , Milutinovic S. , Molinario A. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Murra M. , Oberlack U. G. , Pandurovic M. , Peres R. , Pienaar J. , Pierre M. , Pizzella V. , Qin J. , García D. Ramírez , Reichard S. , Rupp N. , Sanchez-Lucas P. , Sartorelli G. , Schulte D. , Schumann M. , Lavina L. Scotto , Selvi M. , Silva M. , Simgen H. , Steidl M. , Terliuk A. , Therreau C. , Thers D. , Thieme K. , Trotta R. , Tunnell C. D. , Valerius K. , Volta G. , Vorkapic D. , Weinheimer C. , Wittweg C. , Wolf J. , Zopounidis J. P. , Zuber K. ,   DARWIN Collaboration
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe DARWIN observatory is a proposed next-generation experiment to search for particle dark matter and for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{136}$$

136

Xe. Out of its 50 t total natural xenon inventory, 40 t will be the active target of a time projection chamber which thus contains about 3.6 t of $$^{136}$$

136

Xe. Here, we show that its projected half-life sensitivity is $$2.4\times {10}^{27}\,{\hbox {year}}$$

2.4
×

10

27

year

, using a fiducial volume of 5 t of natural xenon and 10 year of operation with a background rate of less than 0.2 events/(t $$\cdot $$
·
year) in the energy region of interest. This sensitivity is based on a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of the background and event topologies in the large, homogeneous target. DARWIN will be comparable in its science reach to dedicated double beta decay experiments using xenon enriched in $$^{136}$$

136

Xe.
The color dipole picture for prompt photon production in pp and pPb collisions at the CERN-LHC
Authors: Sampaio dos Santos G. , Gil da Silveira G. , Machado M. V. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA study on the prompt photon production within the QCD color dipole picture with emphasis inppandpAcollisions at the LHC energy regimes is performed. We present predictions for the differential cross section as a function of photon transverse momentum at different rapidity bins considering updated phenomenological color dipole models, which take into account the QCD gluon saturation physics. The results are directly compared to the recent experimental measurements provided by CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, showing a reasonable agreement in all rapidity bins with no free parameters. Special attention is given to the IPSAT model given its good description of the data in all rapidity bins from low- to high-$$p_{T}$$pTranges. As a result, a free-parameter approach has succeeded in describing the LHC data for prompt photon production, while new predictions for the 13-TeV data is presented in view of new data to confirm such prospect.
Pannotia under prosecution
Authors: Evans David A. D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Pannotia is a hypothetical supercontinent that may have existed briefly during the Proterozoic–Cambrian transition. Various lines of evidence used to argue for its existence include global orogenesis in Ediacaran–Cambrian time, the development of Cambrian passive margins and some (but not all) tectonic reconstructions. Indirect measures used to infer Pannotia's veracity include patterns of biological diversity, palaeoclimate, sea level, magmatism and other palaeoenvironmental proxies. It is shown herein that neither the direct records nor the indirect proxies provide compelling support for Pannotia. If that ephemeral contiguous landmass existed at all, its effects on the broader Earth system are inextricably tied to the more fundamental processes of Gondwanaland assembly. This perspective emphasizes the remarkable consolidation of Gondwanaland as a semi-supercontinent within the early stages of the Pangaea cycle. Gondwanaland's size combined with its
c.
300 myr longevity might have greater significance for mantle dynamics than the larger, but shorter-lived, Pangaea landmass.
An OpenGL Compliant Hardware Implementation of a Graphic Processing Unit Using Field Programmable Gate Array–System on Chip Technology
Authors: Beasley Alexander E. , Clarke C. T. , Watson R. J. 
Published: September 2020

FPGA-SoC technology provides a heterogeneous platform for advanced, high-performance systems. The System on Chip (SoC) architecture combines traditional single and multiple core processor topologies with flexible FPGA fabric. Dynamic reconfiguration allows the hardware accelerators to be changed at run-time. This article presents a novel OpenGL compliant GPU design implemented on an FPGA. The design uses an FPGA-SoC environment allowing the embedded processor to offload graphics operation onto a more suitable architecture. To the authors’ knowledge, this is a first. The graphics processor consists of GLSL compliant shaders, an efficient Barycentric Rasterizer, and a draw mode manager. Performance analysis shows the throughput of the shaders to be hundreds of millions of vertices per second. The design uses both pipelining and resource reuse to optimise throughput and resource use, allowing implementation on a low-cost, FPGA device. Pixel processing rates from this implementation are almost 80% higher than other FPGA implementations. Power consumption compared with comparative embedded devices shows the FPGA consuming as little as 2% of the power of a Mali device, and an up to 11.9-fold increase in efficiency compared to an Nvidia RTX 2060 - Turing architecture device.
Menin-mediated Repression of Glycolysis in Combination with Autophagy Protects Colon Cancer Against Small-molecule EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Hojnacki Taylor , Glynn Rebecca A. , Paulosky Kayla E. , Szigety Katherine M. , Cao Yan , Zhang Xuyao , Feng Zijie , He Xin , Ma Jian , Hua Xianxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMenin serves both tumor suppressor and promoter roles in a highly tumor-specific manner. In colorectal cancer, menin is overexpressed and plays a critical role in regulating transcription of SKP2, and combined treatment with a menin inhibitor and small-molecule EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) leads to synergistic killing of colorectal cancer cells. However, the full spectrum of menin function in colorectal cancer remains uncertain. Herein, we demonstrate that menin inhibition increases glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells. This menin inhibitor–induced increase in glycolysis occurs in an mTOR-independent manner and enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to EGFRis. In addition, we show that EGFRis induce autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, which is important for cell survival in the setting of combined treatment with an EGFRi and menin inhibitor. Inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine further sensitizes colorectal cancers to treatment with the combination of an EGFRi and menin inhibitor. Together, these findings uncover a novel role for menin in colorectal cancer as a repressor of glycolysis and demonstrate that menin inhibitor–induced increases in glycolysis sensitize colorectal cancer cells to EGFRis. In addition, these findings illustrate the importance of autophagy as a protective mechanism against EGFRis, especially in the presence of menin inhibition. Ultimately, these data open the possibility of using menin-mediated regulation of glycolysis to potentially improve treatment modalities for colorectal cancer.