bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyrosinase from mushroomAgaricus bisporusas an inhibitor of the Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Lopez-Tejedor David , Clavería-Gimeno Rafael , Velazquez-Campoy Adrian , Abian Olga , Palomo Jose M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTyrosinases from both a commercial semi-purifiedAgaricus bisporusprotein extract and directly isolated from white mushroom have been demonstrated to show antiviral activity against the Hepatitis C virus for the first time. The well-known tyrosinase fromA. bisporus (TyrAB)of 45kDa and a newly discovered 50-kDa isoform from this tyrosinase(Tyr50kDa)have been tested. Cell toxicity and antiviral activity of tyrosinases in cultured Huh 5-2 liver tumor cells transfected with a replicon system (a plasmid that includes all non-structural Hepatitis C virus proteins and replicates autonomously) was determined. NativeTyrABwas able to inhibit the replication of the hepatitis C virus without inducing toxicity in liver cells. In addition, the post-translational isoform ofTyr50kDashowed higher antiviral capacity than the former (up to 10 times greater), also exhibiting 10 times higher activity than the commercial drug Ribavirin®. This antiviral activity was directly proportional to the enzymatic activity of tyrosinases, since no antiviral capacity was observed for the inactive enzymes. The tyrosinases approach could represent a new antiviral inhibition mechanism, through a catalytic mechanism of selective hydroxylation of key role tyrosine residues in viral proteases. The tyrosinases directly extracted from fresh mushrooms (containing both tyrosinases) showed similar antiviral activity and, therefore, might provide low-cost drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C.
Three neurotransmitters regulate diverse inhibitory and excitatory Parvalbumin interneuron circuits in the dorsal horn
Authors: Gradwell MA , Boyle KA , Browne TJ , Dickie AC , Bell AM , Leonardo J , Reyes FS Peralta , Smith KM , Callister RJ , Dayas CV , Hughes DI , Graham BA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) in the spinal dorsal horn are found primarily in laminae II inner and III. Inhibitory PVINs (iPVINs) play an important in segregating innocuous tactile input from pain-processing circuits, achieved through presynaptic inhibition of myelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors and postsynaptic inhibition of distinct spinal circuits. By comparison, relatively little is known of the role of excitatory PVINs (ePVINs) in sensory processing. Here we use neuroanatomical and optogenetic approaches to show that ePVINs comprise a larger proportion of the PVIN population than previously reported, and that both ePVIN and iPVIN populations form synaptic connections amongst (and between) themselves. We find that these cells contribute to neuronal networks that influence activity within several functionally distinct circuits, and that aberrant activity of ePVINs under pathological conditions contributes to the development of mechanical hypersensitivity.
Cell size distribution of lineage data: analytic results and parameter inference
Authors: Jia Chen , Singh Abhyudai , Grima Ramon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in single-cell technologies have enabled time-resolved measurements of the cell size over several cell cycles. This data encodes information on how cells correct size aberrations so that they do not grow abnormally large or small. Here we formulate a piecewise deterministic Markov model describing the evolution of the cell size over many generations, for all three cell size homeostasis strategies (timer, sizer, and adder). The model is solved to obtain an analytical expression for the non-Gaussian cell size distribution in a cell lineage; the theory is used to understand how the shape of the distribution is influenced by the parameters controlling the dynamics of the cell cycle and by the choice of cell tracking protocol. The theoretical cell size distribution is found to provide an excellent match to the experimental cell size distribution ofE. colilineage data collected under various growth conditions.
Upregulation of DNA repair genes and cell extrusion underpin the remarkable radiation resistance ofTrichoplax adhaerens
Authors: Fortunato Angelo , Fleming Alexis , Aktipis Athena , Maley Carlo C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrichoplax adhaerensis the simplest multicellular animal with tissue differentiation and somatic cell turnover. Like all other multicellular organisms, it should be vulnerable to cancer, yet there have been no reports of cancer inT. adhaerens, or any other placozoan. We investigated the cancer resistance ofT. adhaerens, discovering that they are able to tolerate high levels of radiation damage (218.6 Gy). To investigate howT. adhaerenssurvive levels of radiation that are lethal to other animals, we examined gene expression after the X-ray exposure, finding overexpression of genes involved in DNA repair and apoptosis including theMDM2gene. We also discovered thatT. adhaerensextrudes clusters of inviable cells after X-ray exposure.T. adhaerensis a valuable model organism for studying the molecular, genetic and tissue-level mechanisms underlying cancer suppression.
A cross-cultural analysis of the modes and effectiveness of collaborative production of knowledge on Quora
Authors: Peng Yumeng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate how cross-cultural elements such as cultural difference and stereotype are integrated into collaborative modes and actions and to explore their corresponding effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the quantitative content analysis is drawn from the posts with the topic of China on Quora. A collaborative case, where two users have a question-and-answer interaction, is taken as the unit of analysis. The effectiveness of collaboration is operationalized as the extent to which a collaboratively produced answer is visited and favorably reviewed, using the feedback index (the number of upvotes*1,000/views). One of the sampled collaborative cases is further analyzed qualitatively to see how cultural differences, stereotypes and other factors are incorporated into users' interaction.FindingsThis content analysis reveals nine modes of collaborative production of knowledge on Quora: initial questioning, pointed answering, raising doubts, responding to others, agreeing with others, correcting mistakes, enriching content, further questioning and extending issues. Diversity of the cross-cultural acts of collaborative production, particularly two of often-used collaborative actions, correcting stereotypes and supplementing cultural differences, helps to enhance overall collaborative effectiveness.Practical implicationsThis paper offers new perspectives and ideas for strategies to change socially problematic stereotypes, e.g. to correct stereotypes where necessary and use more convincing resources such as reliable images as collaborative actions to bridge cultural differences. It also calls on social Q&A website developers to create more international users-friendly design by providing various channels for users with diverse cultural backgrounds to interact with each other.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to investigate online collaborative knowledge production within a broader cross-cultural context. Specifically, cultural factors and cross-cultural collaborative actions have been innovatively integrated into this research, enriching the dimensions that can be used for collaboration classification. It is helpful for users from different countries to actively adopting different strategies to overcome cultural differences, preconceptions and other negative factors that are not conducive to communication and knowledge acquisition.
Measuring business impact: the lessons from the business schools
Authors: Kalika Michel , Shenton Gordon 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an example of a fully operational impact assessment system called Business School Impact System (BSIS). It is designed specifically for business schools with a particular emphasis on their local and regional impact. Since its creation, the process has been adapted to schools of engineering and indeed to entire universities. The question of its relevance to all organisations is on the table.

Design/methodology/approach
Talking about measurement raises methodological issues that are common to all organisations. The methodology used in this chapter, particularly in its second part, is mainly inductive, based on direct experience in interviewing 44 business schools in 15 countries. The system was designed on the basis of a survey among around 20 actors of the education industries (deans, journalists). First of all, the system involves an extensive self-assessment phase based on the BSIS impact measurement framework consisting of 7 major impact dimensions and about 100 indicators. This is followed up by a two-day visit by two experienced experts (former deans) who engage in challenging discussions with internal practitioners and external stakeholders.

Findings
The question of the relevance of the dimensions used by business schools for companies is systematically asked, and it is argued that the seven dimensions of impact can be applied to all organisations whatever their mission.

Research limitations/implications
The methodology has not yet been tested on private organisations.

Practical implications
The process can be easily adapted to companies and could permit them to assess in a shared framework their impact. So, the practical implications are potentially large.

Social implications
One of the seven dimensions of impact is the social impact of the organisation and indeed the implications are significant in the social field.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the transfer of a process of impact measurement from the educational sector to companies is studied for the first time.
Linear analysis of parameters in Arrhenius model for Ti-6Al-4V at superplastic forming
Authors: Yang Junzhou , Wu Jianjun , Zhang Qianwen , Ren Yinxiang , Ruolan Han , Wang Kaiwei 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
With the discussion on the linear relationship of determined material parameters, this study aims to propose a new method to analyze the deformation mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified constitutive model based on the hyperbolic sine Arrhenius equation has been established, which is applied to describe the flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during the superplastic forming (SPF).

Findings
The modified constitutive model in this work has a good ability to describe the flow behavior for Ti-6Al-4V in SPF. Besides, a deformation map of titanium material is obtained based on the parameters. As the supplement, finite element models of high-temperature tensile tests are carried out as the application of the constitutive model.

Originality/value
The relationship between constitutive model parameters and forming mechanism is established, which is a new angle in rheological behavior research and constitutive model analysis.
Assessment of preconstruction factors in sustainable project management performance
Authors: Naji Khalid , Gunduz Murat , Salat Fatema 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe construction sector has a global reach, and construction professionals worldwide often encounter challenges in delivering a project on time and within the assigned budget. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the preproject factors that most affect the performance of construction projects.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted to identify these factors from previous research, after which a questionnaire was developed and distributed to construction industry professionals worldwide. The response data were collected and analyzed using several methods, including Cronbach’s alpha, Relative Importance Index (RII), Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman’s and Pearson correlations.FindingsThe results highlight four categories of significance, namely design, stakeholder, engineering, and procurement, with 31 factors being assigned to these categories. The relationships between each factor based on the categories established in the survey are then presented. With the help of data analysis, focusing on these significant preproject factors will help management teams to evaluate and improve the preconstruction process to achieve a higher project success rate.Originality/valueThis study differs from other studies in the literature by gathering all relevant preconstruction success factors by an extensive literature review. Finally, highly ranked factors are studied in detail for a better understanding of the impact of preconstruction factors on project performance. This study is supported by powerful tests such as Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation to study the perception of different groups on preconstruction factors. Furthermore, the data analysis will help in identifying and avoiding the failure part of the previous projects and will improve the planning and/or forecasting of the new projects.
The monitoring of tele-homeworkers in the UK: legal and managerial implications
Authors: Lockwood Graeme , Nath Vandana 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the practical and legal complexities associated with tele-homeworking arrangements in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the study focusses on organisational practices and outcomes relating to the monitoring and surveillance of employees. Drawing on relevant UK legislation and illustrative case law examples, the study demonstrates the challenges and legal implications associated with tele-homeworking.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a review of the literature and an examination of the EU and UK laws applicable to various employer and employee concerns that stem from tele-homeworking.

Findings
Tele-homeworking can be advantageous to both employers and employees, however, there are a number of growing concerns surrounding the monitoring of such workers. Developing technologies can act as a catalyst for legal disputes and the advances in workforce monitoring and surveillance reveal the complex challenges faced by both employers and employees. The indiscriminate monitoring of staff can result in claims of violations to the privacy rights of workers, breach of contract and discrimination claims. Several policy implications associated with monitoring tele-homeworkers surface from the analysis, including the need to ensure that any proposed surveillance is legitimate, proportionate and transparent.

Originality/value
The paper is beneficial in providing legal insights into the topical and continuing complexities associated with the monitoring of tele-homeworkers. The exogenous shock of COVID-19 has demanded the reorganisation of work. The extensive and developing capabilities that employers have at their disposal to engage in employee monitoring, give rise to a greater possibility of legal challenges by workers. The study serves to draw attention to various surveillance concerns and highlights the importance of employers undertaking an evaluation of their monitoring practices and complying with the legal framework.
The economic reality of Islamic banks’ transactions: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Maali Bassam Mohammad , Fendi Usama Adnan , Atmeh Muhannad Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the economic substance of Islamic banks’ transaction as perceived by the employees and regulators of banks and the effect of such substance on the need for special accounting standards for Islamic banks. If there is a distinctive “Islamic economic substance”, then special accounting practices may be necessary such as the standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative inquiry on one of the leading Islamic banks in the Middle East was conducted to investigate the economic substance of the bank’s main two transactions; the deposit system and Murabaha financing, as perceived by informants within one of the earliest Islamic banks and its regulators.FindingsIt is found that despite the belief that the transactions under examination were different from equivalents within conventional banking, practice within the bank was not consistent with such a belief. Informants largely perceived the economic reality of the investigated transaction as being not different from conventional banks’ transactions, and this would affect the need for special accounting and regulatory frameworks.Research limitations/implicationsThis investigation is confined to informants working within one Islamic bank; their views and perceptions may not coincide with those working in other Islamic banks in the world.Practical implicationsThe results of this investigation provide policy implications for Islamic banks, regulators and standards setters in regard to the need for special accounting standards for Islamic banks.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first papers that uses a qualitative inquiry on the main transactions of Islamic banks and the related need for special accounting practices. The paper provides a new perspective on the debate over whether Islamic banking is genuinely innovative or is merely a replicate for conventional banking.
Digital cultural heritage of rural tourism facilities in Poland
Authors: Król Karol 
Published: December 2020

PurposeAt the turn of 2018 and 2019, a certain era in the history of Polish Internet came to an end. Most of the websites of rural tourism facilities hosted on free servers no longer exist; however, the very phenomenon has significantly distinguished itself in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland. The paper presents archaic websites or rural tourism facilities in Poland as digital cultural heritage assets. Its purpose is to propose attributes potentially indicative of content or phenomenon being part of digital cultural heritage.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 211 websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland, hosted on free servers, were analysed. The study investigated digital artefacts, i.e. only the websites that no longer exist but whose archival copies are found at the Internet Archive (IA).FindingsThe structure of most websites of rural tourism facilities was based on tables. None of the websites were responsive. The graphics of 132 websites (65%) were never changed, with the oldest recorded copies dating back to 2001 and the newest ones to 2018. On many websites, components that are relatively rarely found these days were noted, e.g. “marquee”-type “floating” objects or online surveys.Originality/valueThe phenomenon of using free-of-charge hosting services by rural tourism facilities in Poland in the years 2004–2012 is part of the history of Polish Internet and an example of digital cultural heritage. Archaic websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland are digital artefacts but not all of them have cultural values. In total, three groups of attributes are proposed that can be important for determining whether a website, content or phenomenon can be considered digital cultural heritage assets.
Team psychological capital and innovation: the mediating of team exploratory and exploitative learning
Authors: Tho Nguyen Dinh , Duc La Anh 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of team psychological capital (PsyCap) on team innovation. The study also examines the mediating role of team learning, including exploratory and exploitative learning, in team innovation.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 272 team leaders of firms in Vietnam was surveyed to validate the measures via confirmatory factor analysis and to test the model and hypotheses using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results demonstrate that team PsyCap has a positive effect on team innovation. Further, team exploratory learning mediates the relationship between team PsyCap and team innovation; however, team exploitative learning does not. Although team exploitative learning is explained by team PsyCap, it does not enhance team innovation.Practical implicationsThe study findings suggest that, to enjoy a high level of team exploratory and exploitative learning and innovation, firms should develop team PsyCap. This could be undertaken by implementing leader–subordinate mentoring programs, together with creating a social context that helps in interacting and communicating among team members.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the role of team PsyCap in team exploratory and exploitative learning and innovation, adding further insight to the literature on innovation at the team level.
The effect of supply chain disruptions on shareholder wealth in small and mid-cap companies
Authors: Alora Aswin , Barua Mukesh Kumar 
Published: December 2020

PurposeSupply chain disruptions can have severe negative consequences on companies. However, studies measuring the financial impacts of supply chain disruptions are largely confined to developed nations and large companies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of supply chain disruption on small companies in the context of an emerging nation. Further, an attempt has been made to classify supply chain disruptions and measure its impact by its type.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the event study on 335 supply chain disruption events for a 10 year period starting from 2009 to 2019 has been used.FindingsThe results state that the Indian small and medium companies lost −4.49% of shareholder wealth in disruption. The findings also indicate that the financial and environmental disruptions can have severe effect on shareholder wealth as compared to other category.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is confined to a developing country. Considering multiple countries can provide comparative results and therefore a global consensus could be achieved.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the results help managers to plan and prioritize supply chain disruptions, regulatory authorities can plug any possible insider trading practices for small companies in the event of supply chain disruptions. Investors can plan and take prudent investing decisions based on the nature of the disruptions.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge, this is the first study measuring the supply chain disruption effects on smaller companies in an emerging nation. The study is also novel in incorporating financial disruptions and measuring source wise impact on shareholder wealth.