bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
123 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin did not reduce plasmatic haptoglobin concentrations but increased ruminal NH3-N in beef steers during transition from forage to high-grain diets
Authors: da Silva Gleise Medeiros , Podversich Federico , Schulmeister Tessa M , Santos Erick Rodrigo Silva , Sanford Carla , Siqueira Michelle C B , Tarnonsky Federico , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on plasmatic haptoglobin, ruminal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred beef steers (658 ± 79 kg BW) were randomly assigned to treatments in a crossover design to be transitioned from a diet containing bermudagrass hay [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with 0 (CON) or 3 g/d of PAP (PAP) to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 80% diet DM for STEP1, STEP2, and STEP3, respectively). On each transition d and 7 d after STEP3 (STEP3-7d), ruminal fluid samples were obtained every 3 h for 24 h. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, and 3 relative to each transition for haptoglobin determinations. Haptoglobin plasmatic concentrations increased (P = 0.03) on d 2 and 3 vs. d 1 during STEP2 and on STEP3 compared to STEP1 and STEP2 (P = 0.01). Steers receiving PAP had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal NH3-N concentration in STEP1; however, there were no effects of treatment on SCFA (P &gt; 0.10). Total SCFA concentrations were affected by the step-up diets (P &lt; 0.01); propionate concentration (Pro) was greater in STEP2 through STEP3-7d vs. STEP1 (P &lt; 0.01), whereas acetate concentration (Ac) and Ac:Pro linearly decreased from STEP1 to STEP3-7d (P &lt; 0.01). Feeding 3 g/d of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a 21-d step-up adaptation to high-grain diets did not affect plasmatic haptoglobin or ruminal SCFA concentrations; however, it increased ruminal NH3-3 concentrations.
1 A survey of anthelmintic resistance in Angus bulls participating in centralized performance tests in Appalachia
Authors: Rohrbaugh Roger T , Weaver Andrew R , Greiner Scott P , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Parasitism in weaned calves and anthelmintic resistance can negatively impact performance and reduce profitability. To better understand anthelmintic resistance, bulls were evaluated for fecal egg count (FEC) at performance test facilities in Virginia and West Virginia. Over a two-year period, 532 Angus bull calves were tested at bull development facilities in Wardensville, WV (n = 274), Culpeper, VA (n = 167), and Wytheville, VA (n = 91). Fecal samples were collected upon arrival and 14 d later, representing the warm-up or transition period. At arrival, bulls were treated with either albendazole (Wardensville) or moxidectin (both VA tests). Data were analyzed via the general linear model of SAS with fixed effects of station and year. Correlation analysis of arrival FEC and transition ADG was analyzed using the correlation procedure in SAS. The average FEC reduction (FECR) in bulls at Wardensville was 98%; whereas, FECR at Culpeper and Wytheville was 46% and 16% respectively. Average FEC of bulls at Wytheville, Culpeper and Wardensville were different (P &lt; 0.05) after treatment and had a FEC of 133, 51, 3 eggs/g, respectively. Transition ADG favored bulls from Wardensville and Culpeper (2.43 and 2.31 kg/d; P &gt; 0.05) where bulls at Wytheville had lower ADG compared to either station (1.03 kg/d; P &lt; 0.01). Correlation between arrival FEC and transition ADG was negative for bulls in Wardensville (-0.22; P = 0.0003). This same response was not observed at other stations. Lack of a correlation was most likely due to infection level being so low that abundant feed resources masked effects of parasitism, or parasitism was so great that all cattle transitioned poorly. Nonetheless, these data clearly demonstrate the efficacy of albendazole in significantly reducing fecal egg output in bull calves and identify potential resistance to moxidectin.
105 Impacts of Phosphorus Intake on Beef Heifer Growth Performance and Reproductive Tract Scores
Authors: Hilfiker Hailey , Kegley Elizabeth , Rorie Rick , Hornsby Pete A , Reynolds Jana , Shoulders Ben P , Cauble Reagan N , Powell Jermey G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of phosphorus intake on beef heifer growth performance and conception rates. In Northwest Arkansas, there has been an increase in phosphorus concentrations in soil where livestock manures have been repeatedly applied. Consequently, forages grown on soils high in phosphorus tend to contain high amounts of the mineral itself. This has led many to question whether it is necessary to supplement phosphorus in areas where concentrations may be higher. In this study, crossbred Angus heifers (n = 72), approximately 30 d after weaning, were stratified by body weight (average initial weight 251 ± 3.9 kg) and allocated randomly into 8 groups. Groups were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments were delivered through either 1) a free-choice-mineral mix that contained no supplemental phosphorus (CON), or 2) a free-choice-mineral mix with 4% supplemental phosphorus and identical concentrations of other supplemental minerals (4PMIN). Heifers grazed 2.42 ha mixed grass pastures with a history of livestock manure application and were supplemented with soy hulls (0.5% of body weight) daily. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedures of SAS with group as the experimental unit. Total mineral intake through d 112 did not differ (P = 0.55) between treatments. On d 112, any heifers &gt; 273 kg body weight (n = 58) had an ultrasound evaluation of their reproductive tract. Reproductive tract score (1, infantile to 5, corpus luteum present) did not differ (P = 0.65) due to treatment. Body weights were not different (P = 0.78) on d 112, 301 ± 5.0 kg and 299 ± 5.0 kg for CON and 4PMIN, respectively. When grazing pastures with a history of livestock manure application, levels of supplemental phosphorus in the free choice mineral did not affect heifer growth performance and reproductive tract scores.
55 Effects of concentrate supplementation frequency and amount on growth and reproductive performance of Brangus heifers
Authors: Palmer Elizabeth , Vedovatto Marcelo , Ranches Juliana , Oliveira Rhaiza , Arthington John , Vendramini Joao , Moriel Philipe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 2-yr study evaluated the impacts of supplementation frequency and amount on growth and puberty attainment of Brangus heifers. On d 0 of each year, 64 Brangus heifers were stratified by BW and age (244 ± 4 kg; 311 ± 18 d) and assigned to 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (4 heifers/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pasture (4 pastures/treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial design and consisted of heifers offered a soybean hulls-based supplement DM at 1.25% or 1.75% of BW delivered either daily (7X) or 3 times weekly (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). On d 56, heifers were inserted with a CIDR device for 14 d, followed by administration of PGF2α and a timed-AI+GnRH protocol on d 89. Heifers were exposed to bulls from d 89 to 167. Data were analyzed using the SAS GLIMMIX procedure. No rate × frequency interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.20). Overall ADG was greater for 7X vs. 3X heifers (P = 0.007). Daily supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.03) the percentage of pubertal heifers prior to CIDR insertion and at AI compared to 3X supplementation; however, percentage of pregnant heifers did not differ (P = 0.70). Supplementation at 1.25% vs. 1.75% enhanced the overall ADG (P = 0.02) but did not impact (P = 0.18) the percentage of pubertal heifers before CIDR insertion. After the puberty induction protocol, heifers supplemented at 1.75% of BW achieved greater puberty attainment at time of AI (P = 0.05) and final pregnancy rates (P = 0.02) than heifers supplemented at 1.25% of BW. When a puberty induction protocol was included, the percentage of pregnant Brangus heifers were not affected by supplementation frequency (daily vs. 3 times weekly) but enhanced when the supplement dry matter amount was offered at 1.75 vs. 1.25% of body weight.
126 Pre- and post-partum supplementation of molasses/urea, with or without methionine fortification, to enhance growth and physiology of Bos indicus-influenced primiparous cows and their offspring
Authors: Palmer Elizabeth , Vedovatto Marcelo , Ranches Juliana , Gouvea Vinicius , Oliveira Rhaiza , Arthington John , Vendramini Joao , Moriel Philipe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 2-yr study evaluated the effects of molasses/urea supplementation during pre- and early postpartum, with or without methionine fortification, on growth and physiology of primiparous cows and their offspring. On d 0 of each yr, 36 cows were stratified by BW and BCS (396 ± 54 kg; 5.67 ± 0.66) and randomly assigned to 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (3 cows and 1.2 ha/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment) and consisted of no supplementation (NOSUP), 1 kg/d of molasses/urea (MOL; DM basis), or 1 kg/d of MOL + 18 g/d of methionine hydroxy analog (MOLMET; Alimet, Novus, St. Charles, MO). Supplementation began 56 d before parturition (d 0) and ended when all cows within each pasture had calved (d 74). Calves were early weaned on d 147. On d 154, 24 calves (8 calves/treatment) were transferred to individual drylot pens, and offered ad libitum stargrass hay plus soybean hulls-based concentrate DM (75% TDN; 22% CP) at 3% of BW for 47 d. On d 160, calves were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS. Cow BCS at calving was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for MOL and MOLMET vs. NOSUP but the overall percentage of pregnant cows did not differ among treatments (P = 0.82). Calf ADG from birth to drylot exit did not differ (P = 0.83) between MOL and MOLMET but was least (P ≤ 0.04) for NOSUPP calves. Seroconversion to BVDV-1 and PI-3 viruses were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for MOL and MOLMET vs. NOSUP calves. Hence, cow supplementation of molasses/urea during pre- and early postpartum improved cow prepartum BCS, and calf growth and humoral immunity. Methionine fortification of supplements did not impact cow and calf performance.
71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny
Authors: Palmer Elizabeth , Vedovatto Marcelo , Ranches Juliana , Gouvea Vinicius , Oliveira Rhaiza , Arthington John , Vendramini Joao , Poore Matt H , Moriel Philipe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.
40 Effect of calving season in an artificial insemination program on finishing performance and carcass traits
Authors: Garcia Taylor J , Robison Colton A , Beck Paul A , Reuter Ryan R , Wilson Blake K , Lalman David L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Spring (SPRING) and fall (FALL) born steers (n = 211) were used in a mixed effects model to evaluate calving season and conception method [artificial insemination (AI) or natural service (NS)] on finishing performance and carcass traits. SPRING were weaned in October, grazed dormant range for 90 days and grazed wheat pasture for 90 days before shipping to finish. FALL were weaned in May, and grazed tallgrass prairie for 120 days before shipping to finish. Initial and final BW, days on feed, ADG, DMI, and gain to feed efficiency were evaluated as performance measures. Dry matter intake and gain:feed were analyzed on pen basis. Hot carcass weight, yield grade, fat thickness, ribeye area, and marbling score were collected at harvest. Bodyweight of SPRING and AI steers were heavier (P ≤ 0.05) entering and leaving the feedlot than FALL and NS steers, respectively. Compared to FALL steers, ADG (P &lt; 0.01) and DMI (P = 0.03) were greater for SPRING and required less days on feed (P ≤ 0.05). Calving season and conception method (P ≥ 0.2) did not affect gain:feed. Conception method (P = 0.5) did not affect ADG, DMI, and days on feed. SPRING had higher yield grades (P &lt; 0.01) and increased in fat thickness (P = 0.01) compared to FALL steers. There were no differences (P = 0.2) in hot carcass weight, ribeye area, and marbling score due to season of birth. Steers born from AI mating had greater hot carcass weight (P = 0.01) and marbling score (P = 0.02), but conception method did not affect yield grade, fat thickness, and ribeye area (P &gt; 0.2). These results demonstrate SPRING steers are heavier entering and leaving the feedlot, have higher ADG and DMI, and require less days on feed; however, gain:feed, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, and marbling score did not differ from FALL steers. An economic analysis is needed to validate an AI program based on calving season in north-central Oklahoma.
155 The effect of number of cattle per pen on stocker cattle health and performance
Authors: Midkiff Kirsten A , Karisch Brandi , Woolums Amelia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: 1) to examine the effect of number of stocker cattle in a receiving pen on BRD morbidity and mortality; and 2) to examine the effect of number of stocker cattle in a receiving pen on cattle performance. Crossbred steers of unknown origin and history (n = 200) were purchased from auction barns in the southern portion of the United States. Cattle were stratified by weight and assigned to either a small (10 head/pen) or large (50 head/pen) treatment on arrival. Calves were assigned to 1 of 3 large pens or 1 of 5 small pens. Cattle were observed daily for clinical signs of BRD and treated if rectal temperature ≥40°C. Body weight was collected on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Rectal temperature was collected at arrival. Days-at-risk for BRD was the number of days from arrival until a calf: (1) was first diagnosed with BRD; (2) died; or (3) finished the trial. Treatment effects on BRD incidence and performance were tested using Poisson distribution and logistic regression using GLIMMIX or linear regression using MIXED procedure of SAS, respectively, accounting for clustering by pen. Mortality was analyzed using the LOGISTIC function with Firth’s penalized likelihood. There were 8,698 total days at risk and overall incidence density was 7.82 BRD cases per 1,000 calf days. Overall morbidity totaled 32.5% with 5.5% mortality. No difference among treatment was observed for morbidity, mortality, or performance. Cattle with fever on arrival were 1.125 times more likely to contract BRD (P ˂ .0001). The number of BRD treatments received had an effect on ADG at d 0–14 (P ˂ .0001), 0–28 (P ˂ .0001), and 0–60 (P ˂ .0001), with ADG decreasing as number of treatments increased. In summary, fever on arrival affected BRD incidence, and number of treatments cattle received affected growth throughout the trial.
94 Impact of a Hydrolyzed Yeast Product on Performance, Hair Coat Shedding, and Behavior of Cows Grazing Pastures Containing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue
Authors: Harrelson Patricia L , Martin Rick , Rogers Brent , Harrelson Flint W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Endophyte-infected tall fescue creates a multitude of problems for many beef producers, with supplementation being one management strategy to decrease these problems. Our research objective was to determine if supplementation with a hydrolyzed yeast product could alleviate some symptoms of fescue toxicosis in mature cows. Across the 3-yr study, Angus cow-calf pairs (n = 34, 38, 34) were stratified by cow age and body weight then randomly allotted to one of two treatments; control mineral (CON) or hydrolyzed yeast mineral (HYM). Cattle in both treatment groups grazed the same mixed grass pastures (n = 6, 8, 8; 1.21 ha each) which contained varying levels of endophyte (20 – 90%) as measured prior to each year, in a rotational pattern for 126, 133, or 140 d, depending upon year. Prior to entering a new pasture weekly, cows were weighed and assigned a BCS and hair coat score (HC) by two independent, trained personnel. Cow behavior was measured every 15-min within a 2-h block weekly. Percentage of cows active or inactive, outside or inside a barn was recorded. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW change was affected (P &lt; 0.01) by a treatment×year interaction. Cow BCS increased in HYM vs. CON cows (0.34 vs. 0.06; P &lt; 0.01; SEM = 0.08) across the entire trial. Cows consuming the HYM supplement also spent a greater percentage of time outside being active (P &lt; 0.01) and a lower percentage of time inside being inactive (P &lt; 0.01) compared to CON cows. Results from this trial indicate that the hydrolyzed yeast mineral may be an effective tool to aid in combating heat stress associated with fescue toxicosis.
98 Impact of social mixing on feedlot steer eating and lying behavior
Authors: Hubbard Amanda J , Sawyer Jason , Cooke Reinaldo F , Jennings Jenny , Daigle Courtney L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of mixing cattle from two sources of feedlot steers (n = 96) on feeding and lying behavior. Angus crossbred steers (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS), similar in genetic composition, were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to mixing where the two sources were housed without visual or tactile contact. Steers, blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight, were randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from McG (n = 3 pens) or BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Instantaneous scan sampling (n = 61 scans/d; 10 min intervals) recorded the number of steers per pen eating and lying on d1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 36, and 37 after mixing. Proportion of steers lying varied across time (P &lt; 0.0001); however, a greater proportion of steers laid down on d1 compared to d7, 8, 9, 16, and 28 (P &lt; 0.03). The proportion of steers observed eating increased over time (P &lt; 0.0001). Fewer steers ate on d1 than d9, 14, 15, 28, 29, and 36 (all P &lt; 0.01). More steers were observed eating on d8 and 16 than the first seven days (all P &lt; 0.01) and on d37 than the first 6 days (all P &lt; 0.02). While there was no impact of mixing, data indicate that handling and sorting cattle into new pens impacts eating and lying behavior and it takes approximately a week for behavior to stabilize.
67 Effects of Maternal Disposition and Calf Chute Behavior at Weaning on Calf Finishing Performance
Authors: Sims Michael , Beck Paul A , Stewart Cyril B , Shelton Cody , Cauble Reagan N , Warner Andrea L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Temperament has been reported to impact calf performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternity disposition and calf temperament at weaning to finishing performance. Maternal disposition at calving and calf chute behavior at weaning data were collected from the University of Arkansas between August 2017 and May 2018. Calves were finished at Oklahoma State University Willard Sparks Research Center between October 2018 and August 2019. Cow behavior was observed at calving and received a disposition score (CDS) that used a 5-point scale where a score of 1 was highly aggressive, and a 5 was apathetic. At weaning, calf weight (WW) and chute behavior (CS) was recorded. Chute behavior at weaning used a 5-point scale; a score of 1 was indicative of a calm exit, and a 5 was aggressive when exiting the chute. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Calves with CS of 2 at weaning had greater BW both on arrival to feed yard (P &lt; 0.01) and at harvest (P = 0.01) than calves with a CS of 3. Calves from cows with CDS of 3 had greater feedlot arrival weights (P = 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.01) than calves from cows with CDS of 4. This study indicates that cattle with nervous chute behavior (CS = 3) had potentially detrimental effects on performance and can impact overall life-time productivity.