bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease in the 2020s
Authors: Clark James J. , Slater Susanna , Seckl Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
This review demonstrates the evidence for new systemic anticancer treatments and how they integrate within conventional management for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). We present the evidence on atypical placental site nodules, and how they incorporate within the GTN spectrum, as well as updates regarding GTN staging and follow-up.

Recent findings
First-line treatment for GTN still lies in conventional chemotherapy, although the introduction of anti-PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown significant promise in management of relapsed disease, with responses reported in multiple relapsed choriocarcinomas as well as epithelioid trophoblastic tumours and placental site trophoblastic tumours (ETT/PSTT). Following completion of treatment, ETT/PSTT still require life-long surveillance but for other GTN, no recurrences have been detected after 7 years.

Summary
Checkpoint inhibitors are likely to play an increasing role in the future management of GTN management. Further refinement of prognostic factors to identify those most at risk of GTN recurrence is warranted so that surveillance can be focussed on those most at risk, whilst minimizing unnecessary intervention for those at lower risk.
Early Complications With Preloaded Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Are Not Dependent on Optisol-GS Washout or Trypan Blue Restaining
Authors: Greenwald Miles F. , Nanji Afshan A. , Clements John L. , Stutzman Richard D. , Stoeger Christopher G. , Chamberlain Winston D. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To describe the intraoperative and early postoperative complications using preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts with intraocular injection of the graft in Optisol-GS and omission of trypan blue restaining.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of 132 consecutive eyes with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or endothelial failure who underwent DMEK using preloaded donor tissue prepared as previously described. The graft was not restained with trypan blue by the surgeon, and Optisol-GS was injected with the graft into the eye instead of being rinsed from the injector. Early postoperative complications (0–8 wk) including intraoperative fibrin formation, intraocular inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, partial graft detachment requiring rebubble, and early graft failure were recorded.

Results:
No eyes developed intraoperative fibrin formation or postoperative inflammation (such as toxic anterior segment syndrome) or elevated intraocular pressure. For eyes with Fuchs corneal dystrophy, our rebubble rate was 21% (22/106 eyes). Early graft failure was noted in 2% (3/132 eyes), which is similar to previous reports.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that injection of Optisol-GS into the anterior chamber during DMEK graft injection does not lead to increases in intraoperative or early postoperative complications. Trypan blue restaining is not necessary for intraoperative visualization. This simplification can reduce graft manipulation and save time and resources for this procedure.
Omega-3 fatty acids and human skeletal muscle
Authors: Ferguson Emily J. , Seigel Joel W. , McGlory Chris 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To examine recent findings related to the influence of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation on skeletal muscle anabolism with a particular focus on situations of skeletal muscle disuse.

Recent findings
Skeletal muscle disuse results in a reduction in fed and fasted rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis leading to the loss of skeletal muscle mass. Recent evidence has suggested that supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids during a period of skeletal muscle disuse increases the ω-3 fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membranes, heightens rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and protects against skeletal muscle loss. The protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids towards skeletal muscle during disuse appear to be related to changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics suggesting crosstalk between mitochondria and the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis.

Summary
ω-3 fatty acid ingestion is a potential preventive therapy to combat skeletal muscle-disuse atrophy but additional, appropriately powered randomized controlled trials are now needed in a range of populations before firm conclusions can be made.
The N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yankova Eliza , Aspris Demetrios , Tzelepis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
In recent years, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA has been shown to play an important role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the maintenance of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In this review we summarise the recent findings in the field of epitranscriptomics related to m6A and its relevance in AML.

Recent findings
Recent studies have focused on the role of m6A regulators in the development of AML and their potential as translational targets. The writer Methyltransferase Like 3 and its binding partner Methyltransferase Like 14, as well as the reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2, were shown to be vital for LSC survival, and their loss has detrimental effects on AML cells. Similar observations were made with the demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein and AlkB homologue 5 RNA demethylase. Of importance, loss of any of these genes has little to no effect on normal hemopoietic stem cells, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Summary
The field of epitranscriptomics is still in its infancy and the importance of m6A and other RNA-modifications in AML will only come into sharper focus. The development of therapeutics targeting RNA-modifying enzymes may open up new avenues for treatment of such malignancies.
Kidney and pancreas transplant candidacy
Authors: Regmi Surakshya , Rattanavich Rungwasee , Villicana Rafael 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Kidney and/or pancreas transplantation candidacy criteria have evolved significantly over time reflecting improved pre and post-transplant management. With improvement in medical care, potential candidates for transplant not only are older but also have complex medical issues. This review focuses on the latest trends regarding candidacy for kidney and/or pancreas transplantation along with advances in pretransplant cardiac testing.

Recent findings
More candidates are now eligible for kidney and/or pancreas transplantation owing to less stringent candidacy criteria especially in regards to age, obesity, frailty and history of prior malignancy. Pretransplant cardiovascular assessment has also come a long way with a focus on less invasive strategies to assess for coronary artery disease.

Summary
Criteria for kidney and/or pancreas transplantation are expanding. Patients who in the past might have been declined because of numerous factors are now finding that transplant centers are more open minded to their candidacy, which could lead to better access to organ transplant wait list.
Utilization of Imaging in the Management of Pediatric Dog Bites
Authors: Borg Breanna A. , Kato Patrick J. , Donoghue Lydia , Shanti Christina M. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
We hypothesized that imaging is overused in the initial workup of dog bite patients. To reduce radiation exposure, we aim to determine which circumstances surrounding dog bites, patient population, and injury patterns would necessitate imaging studies for management.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on all patients presenting with dog bites to our level I pediatric trauma center between 2013 and 2015. Data collected included: circumstances surrounding the injury, patient demographics, injuries, and imaging studies performed. Our analysis focused on maxillofacial and head CT scans, and plain radiographic studies of the limbs, hands, and feet. Imaging studies were considered positive if there was evidence of bony injury.

Results
We identified 615 patients with dog bites, with 114 patients having had at least one imaging study performed (a total of 145 imaging studies to analyze). Only 13 (11%) patients had a positive study. In the CT scan group, 6 (22.2%) of 27 studies were positive. In the plain radiographic group, 7 (5.9%) of 118 studies were positive.

Conclusions
Our review indicates that imaging studies are overused in the initial workup of these patients, and the majority of these studies are negative. This study confirms that it is feasible to institute guidelines for ordering imaging studies in dog bite patients. This will ultimately reduce radiation exposure and the cost of care for these injuries.
Workplace bullying, human resource management practices, and turnover intention: the mediating effect of work engagement: evidence of Nigeria
Authors: Gadi Paul Dung , Kee Daisy Mui Hung 
Published: December 2020

PurposeDespite the concentrated study on turnover intention (TI), slightly is known on the subject in what manner work engagement intervenes the link connecting workplace bullying (WPB) and TI is varied across sectors, and how WPB and TI implications are viewed among academicians of public universities in Nigeria. The aim of this article is to explore in what way the association between WPB and TI is mediated by work engagement (WE) in public universities in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applied judgmental sampling to gather 400 data from academic staff that must have worked for a minimum of six months in the current university. The present study used SmartPLS software 3.2.9 for the estimation of the hypothesis.FindingsThe result confirmed that work engagement intervenes the outcome of WPB and HRM on TI.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study presents validation for the mediating impact of work engagement on the relationships connecting WPB and HRM on TI in Nigeria universities. Outcomes from findings encompassing all employees in the universities and other service sectors would offer further significant and practical implications for administrators.Originality/valueThe research furthers our knowledge of the intervening effect of work engagement in the link among WPB and TI across academicians in public universities in Nigeria. To reduce turnover intention among academic staff, administrators must have a good insight into how WE mediates the correlation linking WPB and TI.
A high-order absorbing boundary condition for scalar wave propagation simulation in viscoelastic multilayered medium
Authors: Wu Lihua , Zhao Mi , Du Xiuli 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the two-dimensional anti-plane dynamic response of structure embedded in D’Alembert viscoelastic multilayered soil on the rigid bedrock. This paper aims to research a time-domain absorbing boundary condition (ABC), which should be imposed on the truncation boundary of the finite domain to represent the dynamic interaction between the truncated infinite domain and the finite domain.Design/methodology/approachA high-order ABC for scalar wave propagation in the D’Alembert viscoelastic multilayered media is proposed. A new operator separation method and the mode reduction are adopted to construct the time-domain ABC.FindingsThe derivation of the ABC is accurate for the single layer but less accurate for the multilayer. To achieve high accuracy, therefore, the distance from the truncation boundary to the region of interest can be zero for the single layer but need to be about 0.5 times of the total layer height of the infinite domain for the multilayer. Both single-layered and multilayered numerical examples verify that the accuracy of the ABC is almost the same for both cases of only using the modal number excited by dynamic load and using the full modal number of infinite domain. Using the ABC with reduced modes can not only reduce the computation cost but also be more friendly to the stability. Numerical examples demonstrate the superior properties of the proposed ABC with stability, high accuracy and remarkable coupling with the FEM.Originality/valueA high-order time-domain ABC for scalar wave propagation in the D’Alembert viscoelastic multilayered media is proposed. The proposed ABC is suitable for both linear elastic and D’Alembert viscoelastic media, and it can be coupled seamlessly with the FEM. A new operator separation method combining mode reduction is presented with better stability than the existing methods.
Gender discrimination and perceived fairness in the promotion process of hotel employees
Authors: Russen Michelle , Dawson Mary , Madera Juan M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine hotel managers’ perspectives on the promotion process of hotel employees based on the promoted employee’s gender, their perceived organizational justice and perceived gender discrimination against women. The moderating role of anti-male bias beliefs in the promotion process was examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted an experimental design (female vs male promoted) with a sample of 87 hotel managers. Data were analyzed using mediation and moderated mediation analyses.

Findings
The results indicated procedural and distributed justice mediates the effect of gender of the promoted employee on perceived gender discrimination against women. It was found that perceptions of anti-male bias moderate the relationship between gender of the promoted employee and distributed justice, demonstrating higher levels of perceived fairness within the organization when a female is promoted, especially when low levels of anti-male bias exist.

Practical implications
Many organizations may refrain from offering more promotional opportunities to women for fear of reverse discrimination. This research demonstrates that the organization will be perceived as fairer if it offers more opportunities to women, should create a stronger organizational culture and higher financial performance.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to address the gender inequity in promotional opportunities of hotel employees and demonstrate the overall benefit of combating such inequality. This is the first time that anti-male bias has been addressed in the hospitality context, suggesting the need for more research on reverse discrimination, especially in promotional situations.
Can leader-member exchange social comparison elicit uncivil employee behavior? The buffering role of aggression-preventive supervisor behavior
Authors: Sharma Dheeraj , Mishra Madhurima , Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Ghosh Koustab 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of leader-member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) perceptions in triggering the instigation of uncivil behavior in the workplace. This study also explores the intervening role of envy and the buffering role of aggression-preventive supervisor behavior within the proposed relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in two phases separated by an interval of four weeks. The final sample consisted of 224 full-time white-collar employees working in five large pharmaceutical manufacturing organizations in India.FindingsThe findings indicate that employees’ subjective perceptions of being involved in poorer-quality LMX relationships than their workgroup members generate envy, which, in turn, evokes them to instigate uncivil behaviors onto those higher-LMX counterparts. The indirect effect of LMX social comparison on instigated workplace incivility through envy gets attenuated when supervisors engage in aggression-preventive behavior.Practical implicationsTo protect organizations from the financial and productivity losses associated with incivility, supervisors are encouraged to exhibit aggression-preventive behavior if they form differentiated exchange relationships with the subordinates in their teams. Supervisors are further advised to avoid the altogether neglect of lower-LMX subordinates as doing so may give rise to negative emotions (envy) and behavior (incivility) among them.Originality/valueThis study expands the limited body of knowledge on the antecedents of uncivil employee behavior in the workplace. Specifically, it unveils that incivility toward coworkers may be stemming from unfavorable LMX social comparisons and ensuing negative emotions such as envy. It also offers insights on reducing uncivil behavior by highlighting that the impact of LMXSC and envy on incivility instigation gets buffered in the presence of aggression-preventive supervisor behavior.
High gain switched beam Yagi-Uda antenna for millimeter wave communications
Authors: Aylapogu Pramod Kumar , Donga Madhu Sudan , D. Venkatachari , B. RamaDevi 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The suggested antenna has a switched mechanism among the successive elements of the radiating patch. The purpose of this paper is to develop high gain and less interference at higher frequencies.

Design/methodology/approach
The design geometry of the suggested high gain switched beam Yagi-Uda antennas. The constructed antenna has been developed with Rogers Substrate, relative permittivity (εr) of 4.4, tangent of loss 0.0009 and with height of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna has an input impedance of 50, and it is connected to input feed line with 2 mm.

Findings
In forthcoming life, the antennas play key role in all the wireless devices, because these devices perform with high gain and high efficacy.

Originality/value
The pivotal principle of this paper is to accomplish the gain as high, high directivity and interference is low at higher frequencies. Therefore, it is more applicable to 5G mobile communications and millimeter wave communications.
Current teaching methods in STEM departments – A road map for fundamental university educational reform: evidence from Lebanon
Authors: Sabat Mira , Abdel-Massih Roula M. , Kanaan Amjad , Salloum Sara , Serhan Mireille , Fares Roula , Haddad Nicolas , Melki Antoine 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to: (1) explore existing practices of STEM faculty at a private Lebanese university and (2) assess the extent of implementation of active learning among faculty members of selected STEM departments.Design/methodology/approachThe Working Group on “Integrating Modern Scientific teaching methodologies in STEM” (IM-STEM) at a tertiary university in Lebanon advocates for novel research-based methods to enhance STEM education. This pilot study investigated, using a modified version of the Wieman and Gilbert “Teaching Practices Inventory”, the current teaching methods used by faculty members in selected STEM departments.FindingsRemarkably, most respondents admit a willingness to incorporate new teaching methods. Main findings indicate that traditional teaching via didactic lecturing remains prevalent in the STEM classrooms at the tertiary academic institution in Lebanon despite sporadic individual efforts by faculty members to utilize unconventional methods and active learning.Research limitations/implicationsOne major limitation that influenced the efficiency of this study is the small number of respondents (71 faculty members). More in-depth data collection combining quantitative and qualitative data should be done in future studies.Practical implicationsGaining insight into the actual methods used in STEM fields in various departments can help the university management to better understand the key importance of educational reform.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is to serve as a prelude for educational reform at a tertiary academic institution.
From cooperation to competition: an interaction-based contingency theory of communities of practice
Authors: Britt Brian C. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework that explains the roles and viability of both cooperation and competition as they emerge in communities of practice. Although the usefulness of cooperation in communities of practice is well-understood, few studies have considered the role of internal competition, and those that have generally only explored cases in which antagonistic behavior led to the community’s collapse.Design/methodology/approachA contingency theory of communities of practice is developed based on the manifestations of members’ participation.FindingsThis theory demonstrates the root causes of fracturing and also provides a foundation for studying communities of practice that have previously defied explanation.Research limitations/implicationsThis manuscript explains the potential role and limitations of internal competition in communities of practice, as well as the emergence of subgroups based on differing preferences for cooperation and/or competition. Future research should examine the manifestation and ramifications of such individual differences between community members.Practical implicationsPractitioners can use this theoretical framework to assess communities of practice that they oversee, diagnose potential pitfalls and take corrective action to mitigate potentially toxic influences or inject additional motivating forces that would sustain the community.Originality/valueThis theoretical framework diverges from previous assumptions that internal competition is necessarily toxic for communities of practice, showing the value that it may offer in some contexts.
Users’ satisfaction and attachment to beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Dada Olanrewaju Timothy , Ojo Deborah Bunmi , Popoola Adewale Sheyi , Agboba Opeyemi Ayobami , Adebara Temitope Muyiwa 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine users’ satisfaction and attachment to beaches along the Atlantic Ocean in Lagos, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows a quantitative research approach. For convenience, data were collected through a systematic random sampling technique, from 682 users in 10 of the 27 beaches in the study area.FindingsThe study revealed that users were overwhelmed by the natural beauty of the beach, the sand that makes sauntering and opportunities to network with other users. The overall results reveal a strong association of users’ reliance (place dependence) and identification with the beaches (place identity). As such, users’ satisfaction, identity with and dependence on the beach environmental attributes were influenced by factors such as uses and activities, comfort and image, sociability and access and linkages.Research limitations/implicationsThe study can strengthen the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, Nigeria. Hence, the view may not be generalizable to other beaches along the Atlantic Ocean with different social, economic, cultural and political settings.Originality/valueTo build meaningful and emotional connections in beaches of developing countries, the paper of this nature is vital as it will aid the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches through the provision of physical and social features that enhance people-place relationships.