bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The call for a strategic framework to improve cancer literacy in Europe
Authors: Sørensen Kristine , Makaroff Lydia E. , Myers Laurie , Robinson Paul , Henning Geoffrey J. , Gunther Cathryn E. , Roediger Alexander E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Health literacy is increasingly being recognized as a widespread public health challenge in Europe. This commentary explores the importance of health literacy amongst cancer patients (ie, cancer literacy) and examines how cancer literacy can be improved through the practical application of health literacy principles within the context of providing timely, patient-centered, value-based care in Europe.

Main body
Despite implementation of evidence-based cancer prevention programs and increased cancer survival rates, low cancer literacy may impact the personal capacity to manage risks and adversely impact behavior and outcomes. Cancer literacy poses a unique set of challenges compared to other types of health literacy, as patient decisions regarding screening, treatment, and side effect management are often complex, and timely decision-making is more critical. Accordingly, European health policies increasingly recognize the importance of health literacy. The European Patients Forum, European Cancer Patient Coalition, and the Association of European Cancer Leagues supported a joint statement, “Europe Let’s Do More for Health,” which emphasizes the need to empower citizens and patients by addressing health literacy, self-management, and shared decision-making. Implementation of comprehensive programs and strategies will be important to improve health literacy. Cancer literacy can be improved through application of health literacy principles in the communication and cooperation with professionals, patients and caregivers for providing timely, patient-centered, value-based care. Recommendations are made for further action to improve cancer literacy in Europe through coordinated efforts among providers, organizations, patients, and research. A policy paper developed by the European Joint Action on Cancer Control provides practical recommendations that Member States can take to reduce social inequalities in cancer care and defines focus areas that are closely connected with the need to improve cancer literacy.

Conclusion
Improved personal cancer literacy combined with health literate organizations and systems can potentially improve the quality of care and health outcomes among patients with cancer. National Cancer Control Plans and Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan can strengthen cancer literacy.
The history and value of face masks
Authors: Matuschek Christiane , Moll Friedrich , Fangerau Heiner , Fischer Johannes C. , Zänker Kurt , van Griensven Martijn , Schneider Marion , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Lichtenberg Artur , Tamaskovics Bálint , Djiepmo-Njanang Freddy Joel , Budach Wilfried , Corradini Stefanie , Häussinger Dieter , Feldt Torsten , Jensen Björn , Pelka Rainer , Orth Klaus , Peiper Matthias , Grebe Olaf , Maas Kitti , Bölke Edwin , Haussmann Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the human population, social contacts are a key for transmission of bacteria and viruses. The use of face masks seems to be critical to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for the period, in which therapeutic interventions are lacking. In this review, we describe the history of masks from the middle age to modern times.
COVID-19 seeding time and doubling time model: an early epidemic risk assessment tool
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liu Jiang-Mei , Dong Xiao-Ping , McGoogan Jennifer M. , Wu Zun-You 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
As COVID-19 makes its way around the globe, each nation must decide when and how to respond. Yet many knowledge gaps persist, and many countries lack the capacity to develop complex models to assess risk and response. This paper aimed to meet this need by developing a model that uses case reporting data as input and provides a four-tiered risk assessment output.

Methods
We used publicly available, country/territory level case reporting data to determine median seeding number, mean seeding time (ST), and several measures of mean doubling time (DT) for COVID-19. We then structured our model as a coordinate plane with ST on the x-axis, DT on the y-axis, and mean ST and mean DT dividing the plane into four quadrants, each assigned a risk level. Sensitivity analysis was performed and countries/territories early in their outbreaks were assessed for risk.

Results
Our main finding was that among 45 countries/territories evaluated, 87% were at high risk for their outbreaks entering a rapid growth phase epidemic. We furthermore found that the model was sensitive to changes in DT, and that these changes were consistent with what is officially known of cases reported and control strategies implemented in those countries.

Conclusions
Our main finding is that the ST/DT Model can be used to produce meaningful assessments of the risk of escalation in country/territory-level COVID-19 epidemics using only case reporting data. Our model can help support timely, decisive action at the national level as leaders and other decision makers face of the serious public health threat that is COVID-19.
Preventive healthcare policies in the US: solutions for disease management using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Batarseh Feras A. , Ghassib Iya , Chong Deri , Su Po-Hsuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData-driven healthcare policy discussions are gaining traction after the Covid-19 outbreak and ahead of the 2020 US presidential elections. The US has a hybrid healthcare structure; it is a system that does not provide universal coverage, albeit few years ago enacted a mandate (Affordable Care Act-ACA) that provides coverage for the majority of Americans. The US has the highest health expenditure per capita of all western and developed countries; however, most Americans don’t tap into the benefits of preventive healthcare. It is estimated that only 8% of Americans undergo routine preventive screenings. On a national level, very few states (15 out of the 50) have above-average preventive healthcare metrics. In literature, many studies focus on the cure of diseases (research areas such as drug discovery and disease prediction); whilst a minority have examined data-driven preventive measures—a matter that Americans and policy makers ought to place at the forefront of national issues. In this work, we present solutions for preventive practices and policies through Machine Learning (ML) methods. ML is morally neutral, it depends on the data that train the models; in this work, we make the case that Big Data is an imperative paradigm for healthcare. We examine disparities in clinical data for US patients by developing correlation and imputation methods for data completeness. Non-conventional patterns are identified. The data lifecycle followed is methodical and deliberate; 1000+ clinical, demographical, and laboratory variables are collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multiple statistical models are deployed (Pearson correlations, Cramer’s V, MICE, and ANOVA). Other unsupervised ML models are also examined (K-modes and K-prototypes for clustering). Through the results presented in the paper, pointers to preventive chronic disease tests are presented, and the models are tested and evaluated.
Accurate quantification of EVT201 and its two metabolites in human urine using UHPLC-MS/MS method with solid phase extraction
Authors: Zhou Congya , Cai Xiaofeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Pan Chunmiao , Wang Chuanzhen , Zhai Suodi , Yang Li , Zhu Shuangpeng , Zhang Xianhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA sensitive and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of EVT201 and its two metabolites, Ro46-1927 and Ro18-5528, in human urine. Different sample preparation methods were compared, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was finally employed. Separation conditions and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized to achieve complete separation and enough sensitivity. Finally, the three analytes were separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient mobile phase. The gradient elution consisted of acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) and 10 mM ammonium formate (containing 1% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. Detection was performed on an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method was fully validated in accordance with the bioanalysis guidance in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It showed satisfying linearity, accuracy, and precision in the range of 0.2–200 ng/mL for all the three analytes. The mean extraction recoveries were 85.2%, 65.6%, 87.9%, and 86.4% for EVT201, Ro46-1927, Ro18-5528, and the IS, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the bioanalysis of 833 urine samples to determine the concentration of EVT201 and its two metabolites simultaneously.
Litterfall dynamics and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Brazilian palm swamp ecosystems
Authors: Sales Gracielle de Brito , Lessa Taynan Aquilles Marinho , Freitas Daniela Aparecida , Veloso Maria das Dores Magalhães , Silva Maria Ligia de Souza , Fernandes Luiz Arnaldo , Frazão Leidivan Almeida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the litterfall production, accumulation, decomposition rate and nutrient stocks, and to estimate the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in three palm swamp ecosystems with different land use intensities in the Southeast of Brazil.

Methods
Three palm swamp ecosystems with different land use intensities were evaluated: Agua Doce (AD), conserved area; Capivara (CV), area with small agricultural practices; and Buriti Grosso (BG), area with an intensive land use. Produced and accumulated litterfall from the Cerrado areas surrounding the palm swamps were collected from October 2014 to September 2015, and the Ca, Mg, K, and P concentrations were determined in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil samples were collected in the surrounding Cerrado and within the palm swamps until 100 cm soil depth to determine bulk density and soil C and N contents and stocks.

Results
Annual litterfall production in the Cerrado surrounding palm swamps was similar in AD (3.58 Mg·ha− 1·year− 1) and CV (3.79 Mg·ha− 1·year− 1), and was lower in BG (2.84 Mg·ha− 1·year− 1), and was more intense during the dry season. Furthermore, litterfall accumulation was higher in CV (7.12 Mg·ha− 1·year− 1) and BG (6.75 Mg·ha− 1·year− 1), culminating in lower decomposition rates. AD showed the highest decomposition rate (0.60) due to its vegetation structure and conservation. The macronutrient contents from the production and accumulated litterfall had a low influence of the land use, decreasing in the following order: Ca > K > Mg > P. Soils in CV and BG palm swamp areas showed higher values of C and N contents, due to the use of land for agricultural crops and cattle raising in an extensive (rangeland) system. The BG palm swamp, showed the highest C (124.03 Mg·ha− 1) and N (10.54 Mg·ha− 1) stocks due to the land use history with different agricultural practices over time.

Conclusions
The litterfall dynamics in the Cerrado surrounding palm swamps was more affected by climatic variables than the intensity of land use, but the litter decomposition was more accelerated in the conserved area. Anthropic interventions with soil organic matter (SOM) inputs contributed to an increase in soil C and N stocks in the palm swamp ecosystems.
Hybrid-abutment-restoration: effect of material type on torque maintenance and fracture resistance after thermal aging
Authors: Al-Zordk Walid , Elmisery Ahmed , Ghazy Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the tightening torque maintenance with zirconia, lithium disilicate, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) hybrid-abutment-crowns after thermal aging, in addition to assess the fracture resistance of hybrid-abutment-crowns fabricated with different materials.Materials and methodsThirty implants were restored with identical hybrid-abutment-crowns, resembling the maxillary first premolar, fabricated from zirconia (Zr), lithium disilicate (L2), or ceramic-reinforced PEEK (PE). The three groups (n= 10) were constructed utilizing a Ti-base. After bonding, each restoration was secured in its respective implant with a torque of 25 Ncm. All restorations were subjected to thermal aging for 7000 cycles. The loosening torque was assessed utilizing the digital torque meter. Each restoration was subjected to fracture testing and the mode of failure was determined.ResultsZr group displayed the highest mean torque loss value (2.70 ± 0.59 Ncm) with the mean loosening torque value of 22.38 ± 0.68 Ncm. PE group displayed the lowest mean torque loss (2.55 ± 0.50 Ncm) with mean loosening torque value of 22.61 ± 0.59 Ncm. There was no significant difference between study groups regarding loosening torque (p= 0.68), torque loss (p= 0.80), and percentage of torque loss (p= 0.79). There was significant difference regarding the mean fracture load value between Zr and PE groups. However, there was no significant difference (p= 0.05) regarding mean fracture load value between L2 and PE groups.ConclusionThe hybrid-abutment-crown material does not affect the torque maintenance after thermal aging. Based on fracture load, zirconia hybrid-abutment-crown can be used, while lithium disilicate and PEEK hybrid-abutment-crowns may cautiously serve in premolar region.
Principal ocular glands in the desert rodent Gerbillus tarabuli: morpho-functional adaptive analysis
Authors: Saadi-Brenkia Ouanassa , Haniche Nadia , Lounis Saida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Desert rodent, Gerbillus tarabuli, is a seed-eating animal and do not require drinking water. It depends upon metabolic water. Understanding the functional characteristics of ocular glands which produce a watery lacrimal fluid is of interest. In the present study, we described the macroscopic anatomy and microscopic structure of the paraorbital glands in tarabul’s gerbil.

Results
There are up to four distinct orbital glands: lacrimal (LG), Harderian (HG), Meibomian (MG), and conjunctival mucous glands. Each eye has three eyelids, the main upper and lower lids and a third lid hidden between them in the inner corner of the eye. The LG is bipartite, situated on the dorsolateral aspect of the eyeball. The HG is large and localized deep in the orbit. The MG is found in the dense connective tissue plate. Upon light microscopic examination, the LG is an acinar gland; its secretory cells have mucous and serous granular cytoplasm. The endpieces of HG consist of tubuloalveoli, with two cellular types: prismatic vacuolated cells and pyramidal basophilic cells. The MG acini are closely arranged one after another. Each acinus contains a basal layer of myoepithelial cells and a mass of rounded, vacuolated cells. The nictitating membrane is formed by a semilunar fold of conjunctiva, supported by a hyaline cartilage. Numerous goblet cell clusters are detected in the covering conjunctiva particularly in the bulbar conjunctiva. Mucin glycoproteins appear to be abundant in the precorneal tear film, probably acting against desiccation stress.

Conclusions
Based on the data from this study, it could be concluded that the orbital glands of gerbil are well-developed, similar to other mammals.
Production and characterization of xylanase from pomegranate peel by Chaetomium globosum and its application on bean under greenhouse condition
Authors: Atalla Sherien M. M. , El Gamal Nadia G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
The main objective of the present study was production of xylanase from different agricultural wastes using Chaetomium globosum on pomegranate waste, isolation of fungi associated with some legumes seeds, and studied the effect of safe product which obtained from xylanse under laboratory and greenhouse conditions on bean seeds.

Results and discussion
Different agricultural wastes were tested for xylanase production by Ch. globosum; from them, pomegranate peel was most effective at concentration 40 g/l using 2 disks 6 mm in diameter after 7-day incubation period produces 1398.34 U/ml. Addition of calcium chloride increases xylanase activity to 1469.40 U/ml. The crude xylanase activity was active after 20 min of starting of reaction at 6.6 pH, and 40 °C of the reaction mixture produces 1587.27 U/ml. Xylanse is still active at 40 °C for 30 min. Seeds of some legumes were examined for seed borne mycoflora by the agar plate method. The most common fungi were Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina.
Testing of crude xylanase as biocide was more effective in reduction of linear growth of some pathogenic fungi also applied the biocide as seed treatment of bean. Seed coating with biocide gave significant protection to emerge bean seeds against invasion of pathogenic fungi at the pre-emergence stage. Seed coating recorded more than 50% protection compared with the untreated control.

Conclusion
Production of xylanase from pomegranate peel wastes using Chaetomium globosum under optimum conditions. Testing crude xylanase after optimization as an effective biocide.
Total knee arthroplasty with the least-constrained implant possible for type II valgus knee > 20°: a 3–14 years’ follow-up
Authors: Ren Jiangdong , Zhang Xiaogang , Wulamu Wuhuzi , Yushan Nuerailijiang , Aaimaiti Abudousaimi , Cao Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the midterm outcome of primary total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus deformity using selective release of tight lateral structures and the least-constrained implant.MethodsWe performed total knee arthroplasty on 65 consecutive type II knees with valgus deformity> 20°. Surgery was done via a medial parapatellar approach. Conventional bone cutting was done with selective lateral soft tissue release, and the least-constrained total knee prosthesis possible was used. Posterior stabilized implants were employed in most knees, except for three knees that required the implantation of constrained condylar knee prostheses. The average duration of follow-up lasted for 10.5 years.ResultsPreoperatively, average valgus was 30.6°, and average range of motion was 43.7° (range, 0–80°). Postoperatively, average valgus was 7.3° and average range of motion was 110.6° (range, 80–130°). The lateral collateral ligament and iliotibial band were released in all knees, and release of the popliteus tendon was required in two knees. Stable flexion and extension gaps were achieved in most cases, except for two that had medial side instability. Follow-up showed that stability was maintained.ConclusionsThis surgical technique combined selective lateral soft tissue release with use of the least-constrained implant possible and was effective for severe valgus deformities of the knee, with good clinical results.
3D digital breast tomosynthesis versus US in evaluating breast asymmetries
Authors: Mokhtar Omnia , Abd elsalam Sahar , Gamal Gehan , Naguib Eman , Gomaa Manal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) now become one of the available diagnostic imaging modalities of the breast, and the present study was done to evaluate its diagnostic value versus that of breast ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of breast asymmetries. This study included 51 patients with 57 mammography identified breast asymmetries; their ages were ranged from 26 to 72 years (mean age 50.05 ± 8.1 SD). For all patients, both digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound were done, and their results were compared.ResultsTomosynthesis in this study showed better diagnostic performance compared to mammography; the sensitivity of tomosynthesis was 83.33%, the specificity was 89.74%, the positive predictive value was 78.95%, the negative predictive value was 92.11%, and the accuracy was 87.71% while the sensitivity of mammography was 72.22%, the specificity was 71.79%, the positive predictive value was 54.17%, the negative predictive value was 84.85 %, and the accuracy was 71.92 %.Breast ultrasound showed the highest sensitivity in this study with the sensitivity of ultrasound being 100.00 %, the specificity being 92.31%, the positive predictive value being 85.71%, the negative predictive value being 100.00%, and the accuracy being 94.73%.ConclusionTomosynthesis enables better depiction of asymmetries. It can be useful in the screening setting where better lesion detection and accurate description of lesions is desired. Therefore, it can detect more cancers and can reduce the number of biopsies.Breast ultrasound should be coupled with breast mammography and 3D tomosynthesis in the evaluation of the breast asymmetries as it reduces false-negative results, detects solid and cystic lesions, and assesses solid lesion nature.
The effect of semi-quantitative T1-perfusion parameters for the differentiation between pediatric medulloblastoma and ependymoma
Authors: Duc Nguyen Minh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The differentiation between medulloblastomas and ependymomas plays an important role in treatment planning and prognosis for children. This study aims to investigate the role of T1-perfusion parameters during the differentiation between medulloblastomas and ependymomas in children. The institutional review board approved this prospective study. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including axial T1-perfusion, was assessed in 26 patients, divided into a medulloblastoma group (group 1, n = 22) and an ependymoma group (group 2, n = 4). The quantified region of interest (ROI) values for tumors and the tumor to parenchyma ratios were collected and compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index were utilized to identify the best cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) values for the independent T1-perfusion parameters.

Results
The relative enhancement, maximum enhancement, maximum relative enhancement, time to peak, and AUC values for medulloblastomas were significantly higher than those for ependymomas (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the maximum enhancement and maximum relative enhancement for medulloblastoma to parenchyma ratios were also significantly higher than those for ependymomas. A cut-off maximum enhancement value of 100.25 was identified as sufficient to discriminate between medulloblastoma and ependymoma and resulted in a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 94.3%.

Conclusion
A cut-off maximum enhancement value of 100.25 derived from T1-perfusion was able to discriminate between medulloblastoma and ependymoma, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values.