bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Its Complications: Therapies Available, Anticipated and Aspired
Authors: Grover Anu , Sharma Komal , Gautam Suresh , Gautam Srishti , Gulati Monica , Singh Sachin Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract::
Worldwide, diabetes ranks among the ten leading causes of mortality. Prevalence of diabetes
is growing rapidly in low and middle income countries. It is a progressive disease leading to
serious co-morbidities, which results in increased cost of treatment and over-all health system of
the country. Pathophysiological alterations in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) progressed from a simple disturbance
in the functioning of the pancreas to triumvirate to ominous octet to egregious eleven to
dirty dozen model. Due to complex interplay of multiple hormones in T2D, there may be multifaceted
approach in its management. The ‘long-term secondary complications’ in uncontrolled diabetes
may affect almost every organ of the body, and finally may lead to multi-organ dysfunction.
Available therapies are inconsistent in maintaining long term glycemic control and their long term
use may be associated with adverse effects. There is need for newer drugs, not only for glycemic
control but also for prevention or mitigation of secondary microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes has contributed to the development
of novel treatments. Several new agents like Glucagon Like Peptide - 1 (GLP-1) agonists,
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, amylin analogues, Sodium-Glucose transport -2 (SGLT-
2) inhibitors and dual Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists are available
or will be available soon, thus extending the range of therapy for T2D, thereby preventing its
long term complications. The article discusses the pathophysiology of diabetes along with its comorbidities,
with a focus on existing and novel upcoming antidiabetic drugs which are under investigation.
It also dives deep to deliberate upon the novel therapies that are in various stages of development.
Adding new options with new mechanisms of action to the treatment armamentarium
of diabetes may eventually help improve outcomes and reduce its economic burden.
Characterization of a New Impurity in Metaraminol Bitartrate for Injection by 2D HPLC-Q/TOF-MS, Chemical Synthesis and NMR
Authors: Luo Wenyan , Zhang Hanzhi , Sun Ning , Qin Feng , Liu Hao 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Impurities in pharmaceutical compounds can influence their clinical effects
and represent a potential health risk. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of a drug, it is necessary
to investigate potential impurities.

Methods:
In this paper, a new impurity was separated and characterized by two-dimensional high
performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry
(2D HPLC-Q/TOF-MS) in negative electrospray ionization mode. The peak containing the new
impurity, eluted from the first dimension chromatographic system, was selectively trapped by a
switching valve based on its retention time and transferred to the second dimension chromatographic
system, which was connected to the mass spectrometer. We obtained MET-TA by chemical synthesis,
and its structure was characterized by MS/MS and further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR).

Results:
The impurity was found to be (2S, 3S)-2,3.-dihydroxy-4-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)
propan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid, labelled as MET-TA. In this study, we investigated
the mechanism of formation of MET-TA, and found that it was the amidation product of metaraminol
and tartaric acid.

Conclusions:
The identification, structural elucidation, synthesis and most probable mechanism of
formation of MET-TA are discussed in detail in this paper.
Sistema de internet de las cosas (IoT) para el monitoreo de cultivos protegidos
Authors: Gómez Jorge E. , Castaño Samir , Mercado Teobaldis , Fernandez Alexánder , Garcia Jose 
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo presenta un sistema de Internet de las cosas para el monitoreo de cultivos protegidos, a través del desarrollo de un sistema con capacidad de recolectar información de parámetros relacionados con el desarrollo y crecimiento de los cultivos. Los datos obtenidos son enviados al servidor para ser procesadas y enviadas al usuario a través de los protocolos y procedimientos del Internet de las cosas (IoT). El propósito es recopilar datos en tiempo real para analizarlos y permitan la toma de decisiones por parte del mismo sistema y el agricultor. El usuario puede interactuar con el sistema de manera remota y recibir las alertas y condiciones especificadas. Los resultados iniciales demuestran que el sistema provee completa información del estado de estos parámetros, ayudando en la tarea del manejo de este tipo de cultivos.
Enraizamiento de esquejes de tallo juvenil de Solanum tuberosum L. var. yungay mediante la aplicación del ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético
Authors: Gonza-Carnero Katty Aracely , López-Medina Segundo Eloy , Gil Rivero Armando Efraín , Mostacero-León José , López-Zabaleta Angélica , De La Cruz-Castillo Anthony J. , Villena Zapata Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Para la propagación de Solanum tuberosum, los tubérculos son la forma más empleada en la mayoría de las zonas agroecológicas. El empleo de esquejes de tallo juvenil es una práctica exclusiva de viveros y empresas agrícolas que hacen uso de hormonas enraizantes, inaccesibles para los pequeños agricultores por su alto costo. Se ha reportado que la auxina sintética 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) a muy baja concentración induce al enraizamiento de esquejes y puede ser una alternativa viable para la agricultura a pequeña escala. Ante la necesidad de un mayor conocimiento, se propuso como objetivo de investigación evaluar el efecto enraizante del 2,4-D en esquejes de tallo juvenil de S. tuberosum var. yungay. La fase experimental se desarrolló en el invernadero del Instituto de la Papa y Cultivos Andinos de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (Perú), con plántulas procedentes del mismo instituto que se convirtieron en plantas madre donadoras de esquejes de tallo juvenil, los cuales fueron sembrados en cama de enraizamiento con diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D. El análisis estadístico de los resultados demostró que la concentración de 0,3 % generó un promedio mayor en número de raíces (6,52), longitud de raíces (5,31 cm) y altura de plántula (2,63 cm). Se concluyó que el 2,4-D en concentración del 0,3 % produce un mejor enraizamiento de esquejes de tallo juvenil de S. tuberosum var. yungay.
Consecuencias no esperadas y diseño de la legislación de protección del consumidor
Authors: Becher Shmuel I. 
Published: November 2020

<p>Las políticas que guían la legislación en materia de protección del consumidor aspiran a lograr el equilibrio correcto entre dos fuerzas encontradas. Por un lado, estas políticas buscan intervenir en el mercado para promover los intereses de los consumidores y protegerlos; por otro lado, buscan evitar intervenciones ineficientes que puedan imponer dificultades excesivas a las empresas. La legislación en materia de protección del consumidor puede influenciar —y ser influenciada por— la innovación, la competencia y la eficiencia general del mercado. La contribución de este artículo es doble. Descriptivamente, busca resaltar las fallas predominantes en el proceso legislativo y el problema de las consecuencias no esperadas. Normativa y prescriptivamente, propone una actitud matizada y sin predisposiciones ante las políticas en la materia, uno que se beneficie de un escepticismo saludable. </p>
Building a Successful, Socially-Distanced Family Medicine Clerkship in the COVID Crisis
Authors: Hayes John R. , Johnston Bryan , Lundh Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many family medicine clerkships across the United States are scrambling to provide meaningful medical education in a new clinical environment. Most medical schools have paused or severely limited the direct patient care that has been the core educational requirement of the clinical clerkships. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a curricular model that meets the family medicine clerkship learning objectives via telemedicine clinical instruction.
Methods: We created a clerkship where all clinical encounters took place by phone or video visits. Students were required to have telemedicine encounters with at least 20 patients over a 4-week clerkship. We also created a telemedicine illness script-writing assignment to prepare students and faculty for these encounters. We evaluated our curriculum by surveying participating students and faculty members.
Results: Student surveys revealed that all learning objectives were met during the telemedicine clerkship experience. Students felt they made a difference during the COVID-19 pandemic. Faculty felt that the medical students were helpful and that they were able to provide meaningful clinical instruction.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that a family medicine clerkship can be successfully delivered using telemedicine and remote learning techniques. Senior medical students are a valuable resource and can have a meaningful clinical impact while learning more about family medicine. If social distancing precautions continue, this model can be used by other clerkships to continue medical education and provide medical care.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ULEAD VIDEO STUDIO DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI INFORMASI TEKS EKSPLANASI OLEH SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 10 PEMATANG SIANTAR
Authors: Sembiring Emi Fitry Yani , Sari Diah Eka 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kefektivan media pembelajaran Ulead Video Studio dalam mengidentifikasi informasti teks eksplanasi oleh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Pematang Siantar.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 8 kelas yang berjumlah 210 siswa.Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII-7 yang berjumlah 25 siswa dan kelas VIII-4 yang berjumlah 25 siswa.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen.Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialan two group posttest design. Berdasarkan pengolahan data diperoleh hasil posttest kelas kontrol dengan rata-rata = 74,6 dan standar deviasi = 7,95. Sedangkan hasil posttest kelas eksperimen dengan rata-rata = 91,2 dan standar deviasi = 11,7. Dari uji data posttest kelas kontrol dan posttest kelas eksperimen diketahui bahwa kedua data tersebut berdistribusi normal. Data posttest kelas kontrol diperoleh Lhitung< Ltabel (0.0043< 0.173) dan data posttest kelas eksperimen diperoleh Lhitung< Ltabel (0,1092< 0,173). Sedangkan dari uji homogenitas diperoleh bahwa sampel penelitian ini berasal dari kelompok homogen yaitu < 1,47< 1,96. setelah uji normalitas dan homogenitas dilakukan, diperoleh = 6.62. Selanjutnya dikonsultasikan dengan t tabel pada taraf 5% dengan df= 24, maka diperoleh sebesar 2.06. Oleh karena itu yang diperoleh lebih besar dari yaitu 6.62>2.06, maka diterima.Hal ini membuktikan bahwa media pembelajaran Ulead Video Studio efektif digunakan terhadap kemampuan mengidentifikasi informasi teks eksplanasi oleh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Pematang Siantar.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DI KELAS X MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 MEDAN
Authors: Manik Nova Yunita , Simatupang Zulkifli 
Published: November 2020

This research aims to determine how critical thinking skills and student learning outcome in biology subject (Ecosystem Chapter) and how the relationship between both of them in 1st Grade Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan Learning Year 2015/2016. The population in this study is all of 1st grade student in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan Learning Year 2015/2016 totaling 390 student. The sampel method is purposive sampling with a sample 40 student. This research is a descriptive study, with a instrument (questionnaire) totaling 31 item about critical thinking skills and 36 item about student learning outcome with data collecting tools. From the analysis of student critical thinking data are categorized enough with 61-76 range limit by 22 student (55%) and student learning outcomes are also categorized enough with (62-77) range limit by 19 students (47,5%). Base on data requirement test known that there is a siqnificant positive relationship between critical thinking with student learning outcomes, but it have low correlation shown by the correlation coefficient percentage where the contribution percentage of 0,014% for critical thinking with student learning outcomes.Keywords: Critical Thinking, Learning Outcomes, Ecosystem
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Divariasikan Dengan Model Direct Instruction (DI) Terhadap Hasil dan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Reproduksi Manusia di Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 14 Medan T.P. 2017/2018
Authors: Simanungkalit Dewi , Gaol Adriana Y.D.L , Hutabarat Berlian 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) divariasikan dengan model pembelajaran Direct Instruction (DI) terhadap hasil daan aktivitas belajar siswa pada materi Sistem Reproduksi di kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 14 Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperiment), dimana populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 14 Medan yang 183 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan adalah random sampling dimana sampelnya adalah kelas XI IPA 2 yang berjumlah 40 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penguasaan siswa tingkat penguasaan siswa mencapai 80% termasuk kategori tinggi, Ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 92,5% termasuk kategori tuntas, Ketercapaian indikator mencapai termasuk kategori tercapai 87,25% termasuk kategori tercapai, dan aktivitas belajar siswa yang mencapai 84,78 termasuk ke dalam kategori aktif. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) divariasikan dengan model pembelajaran Direct Instruction (DI) efektif digunakan pada materi sistem reproduksi manusia di kelas XI IPA SMA Negri 14 Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN INTERNET TERHADAP KARAKTER BERSAHABAT/KOMUNIKATIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Chastanti Ika , Gultom Maharani , Sari Novi Fitriandika 
Published: November 2020

Technological advances that are increasingly rapid have a positive and negative impact on the character of students. One of the negative effects of using the internet is that it is reduced to the ability to communicate / communicate with students in daily life. Students prefer to access social media rather than having to communicate directly with those around them. The purpose of this study is to find out the internet usage among students towards communicative / communicative character in biology learning . This study is a qualitative study in which in-depth interviews are the main data source, and questionnaires as secondary data sources. The sampling technique used is Purposive sampling. The samples from this study were high school students and Biology teachers. The results of the study show that friendly characters / if communicities have not been well established (28.89%) students answer sometimes. The role of the teacher is also not maximal in instilling friendly / communicative characters. Teachers also prefer to access the internet when the biology learning process takes place. The cultivation of friendly / communicative character values requires the role of parents. The role of parents is also not maximal to shape character when students are at home. Parents allow students to access the internet and there is no time limit in their use so that direct communication between parents and students is not well established.Technological advances that are increasingly rapid have a positive and negative impact on the character of students. One of the negative effects of using the internet is that it is reduced to the ability to communicate / communicate with students in daily life. Students prefer to access social media rather than having to communicate directly with those around them. The purpose of this study is to find out the internet usage among students towards communicative / communicative character in biology learning . This study is a qualitative study in which in-depth interviews are the main data source, and questionnaires as secondary data sources. The sampling technique used is Purposive sampling. The samples from this study were high school students and Biology teachers. The results of the study show that friendly characters / if communicities have not been well established (28.89%) students answer sometimes. The role of the teacher is also not maximal in instilling friendly / communicative characters. Teachers also prefer to access the internet when the biology learning process takes place. The cultivation of friendly / communicative character values requires the role of parents. The role of parents is also not maximal to shape character when students are at home. Parents allow students to access the internet and there is no time limit in their use so that direct communication between parents and students is not well established.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DENGAN TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) PADA MATERI SISTEM ENDOKRIN MANUSI
Authors: Panjaitan Aspatita Yuliani , Sinaga Erlintan , Rasmi R 
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed to know the difference of students’ learning scores who were taught by using cooperative Jigsaw dan STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) model in the endocrine system of human body material in grade XI MIA SMA Negeri 7 Medan year of academic 2017/2018. This research is design as an experimental. The population of this research is 72 students, and the sample was taken by random sampling, which XI IPA 1 class (as Jigsaw class) there are 36 students and XI IPA 2 class (as STAD class) there are 36 students. The data is collected by using a multiple-choice question test consist of 30 items and an observation sheet. Based on the analysis requirements data, the average value of students’ learning scores in the Jigsaw model at 84,84 with SD 9,06 and students’ learning scores in the STAD model at 79,88 with SD 8.96. From the data obtained it is known that the average value of the Jigsaw class is higher than the STAD class. The results of hypothesis testing using t-test at a significant level of 0.05, can the two classes differ significantly.
New records of Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis for the State of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Silva Leyde Nayanne Nunes Santos , Vilarinho Milena Pereira , Araújo Josiane Silva , Santos-Filho Francisco Soares 
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to record the occurrence of the species Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) WR Anderson & CC Davis in an area of the territory of the State of Piauí, Brazil The species was collected in the city of Pedro II, in a tension area that gathers characteristics of Cerrado and Caatinga shrubland. The study provides a brief characterization of the botanical family and descriptions of the genus and species. The species had already been found in the states of Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Ceará. In addition to depicting the geographic occurrence of the plant, a morphological and anatomical characterization of the species was made, with the assembly of a board with images of the most relevant aspects of the morphology and anatomy of the plant. Novo registro de Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis para o Estado do Piauí, Brasil R E S U M OEste trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a ocorrência da espécie Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis em área do território do Estado do Piauí, Brasil A espécie foi coletada na cidade de Pedro II, em área de tensão que reúne características de Campo Cerrado e Caatinga arbustiva. O estudo traz uma breve caracterização da família botânica e descrições sobre o gênero e a espécie. A espécie já tinha sido encontrada nos estados de Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e Ceará. Além de retratar ocorrência geográfica da planta foi feita uma caracterização morfológica e anatômica da espécie, com a montagem de uma prancha com imagens dos aspectos mais relevantes da morfologia e da anatomia da planta.Palavras-chave: Malpighiaceae, Bronwenia, Bronwenia megaptera, Área de Tensão Ecológica, Cerrado, Caatinga, Nordeste Brasil.
Assessment of Seismic Site Response and Liquefaction Potential for Some Sites using Borelog Data
Authors: Bhutani Manish , Naval Sanjeev 
Published: November 2020

Assessment of Liquefaction susceptibility of soil is very important aspect of disaster risk reduction for a particular region. The present research is an investigation to find out the liquefaction capability for the sites of Jalandhar and its surrounding region, Punjab (India) using semi empirical approach of Idris and Boulanger. Initially, the response of Ground has been analyzed with the help of DEEPSOIL software for evaluating the maximum ground acceleration values (PGASUR) at surface using five earthquake motions of magnitude, M = 6.0, 6.8 and 7.3 selected from worldwide recorded database based on seismicity of the region. The investigated PGA values ranges from 0.196 g to 0.292 g for the sites under investigation. Soil’s potential against liquefaction for 45 locations has been carried out using PGASUR results so obtained. It has been observed that eighteen sites out of forty-five are found to be susceptible to liquefaction. In order to help structural designers and geotechnical engineers for the preparation of realistic plan towards disaster risk reduction for the region, PGASUR contour map of obtained results and liquefaction hazard maps for earthquake of magnitude 6.0 and 7.0 has been prepared on geographical information system (GIS) platform using QGIS software. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091605 Full Text: PDF
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF GENES ASSOCITED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Singh Sunita , Mishra Rajeev , Jain Prashant Ankur , Mishra Raghvendra Raman , Kumar Mishra Ved 
Published: November 2020

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a multi-factorial disease caused due to gene defect as well as environmental factor. GWAS have played a primary role in demonstrating that genetic variation in a number of loci, SNPs, affects the risk of T2DM. there are our objective is to find out Disease pathway map by taking all genes of T2DM which are 35 in numbers and but in all there are 10 mostly involve in T2Dm from all over world population and it is find out by GWAS method then after we analyzed the KEGG pathway by analyzing T2DM pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, and WNT signalling pathway to find out common protein then after by bioinformatics analysis combined and expend these pathways toward common protein for understanding the Diseases mechanism. We do Protein-protein interaction and find out their complete target hub protein and target prediction for network hub. so for all these analysis I collect the total genes involve in T2DM and take those gene which are common for all population and their SNPs ,chromosome location in these all genes and by using string database I tried to find out the target protein hub which are found in this disease so there I have taken 5 most frequent genes and doing PPI in human so there are all have their own target protein hub-KCNJ11 have target protein hub PPKACA & TCF7L2 have complete target protein hub TLEI & PPARG have a target protein hub EP300 & CDKL1 have compete target protein hub UCB & HHEX complete target protein SOX2.