bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SDN/NFV security framework for fog‐to‐things computing infrastructure
Authors: Krishnan Prabhakar , Duttagupta Subhasri , Achuthan Krishnashree 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCurrently, core networking architectures are facing disruptive developments, due to emergence of paradigms such as Software‐Defined‐Networking (SDN) for control, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for services, and so on. These are the key enabling technologies for future applications in 5G and locality‐based Internet of things (IoT)/wireless sensor network services. The proliferation of IoT devices at the Edge networks is driving the growth of all‐connected world of Internet traffic. In the Cloud‐to‐Things continuum, processing of information and data at the Edge mandates development of security best practices to arise within a fog computing environment. Service providers are transforming their business using NFV‐based services and SDN‐enabled networks. The SDN paradigm offers an easily programmable model, global view, and control for modern networks, which demand faster response to security incidents and dynamically enforce countermeasures to intrusions and cyberattacks. This article proposes an autonomic multilayer security framework called Distributed Threat Analytics and Response System (DTARS) for a converged architecture of Fog/Edge computing and SDN infrastructures, for emerging applications in IoT and 5G networks. The major detection scheme is deployed within the data plane, consisting of a coarse‐grained behavioral, anti‐spoofing, flow monitoring and fine‐grained traffic multi‐feature entropy‐based algorithms. We developed exemplary defense applications under DTARS framework, on a malware testbed imitating the real‐life DDoS/botnets such as Mirai. The experiments and analysis show that DTARS is capable of detecting attacks in real‐time with accuracy more than 95% under attack intensities up to 50 000 packets/s. The benign traffic forwarding rate remains unaffected with DTARS, while it drops down to 65% with traditional NIDS for advanced DDoS attacks. Further, DTARS achieves this performance without incurring additional latency due to data plane overhead.
Designing Lipase‐Compatible Ionic Liquids as Novel Solvents for Starch Ester Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhan Jinling , Zhang Xiwen , Ma Rongrong , Tian Yaoqi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe enzymatic esterification of starch in ionic liquids (ILs) has gained considerable attention in the food industry. However, ILs usually denature enzymes, limiting starch esterification. Herein, two novel ILs that promote starch dissolution and maintained enzyme activity are designed. In the ILs, starch solubility increases from <0.5 wt% to above 10 wt% at 100 °C, and enzyme stability is maintained. To assess the application of the ILs in enzymatic starch esterification, two types of starch esters are synthesized in the ILs with the addition of Novozyme 435. The degree of substitution (DS) value of starch esters is higher in the ILs than in DMSO. The maximum DS value of starch palmitate and starch stearate reach 0.153 and 0.138, under the optimum conditions. Also, the ILs can be easily recycled. These findings suggest that ILs with allyl, alkyloxy groups, and acetate anions could be potential environmentally friendly solvents for enzymatic starch esterification.
Curriculum‐based teacher professional development in middle school science: A comparison of training focused on cognitive science principles versus content knowledge
Authors: Yang Rui , Porter Andrew C. , Massey Christine M. , Merlino Joseph F. , Desimone Laura M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates, through a cluster‐randomized trial, the effectiveness of two approaches to increasing middle school students’ science learning using a traditional science curriculum. Ninety schools were randomly assigned into one of three arms: (a) a treatment arm in which the textbook curriculum was modified based on four principles of cognitive science coupled with teacher professional development (PD), (b) a second treatment arm in which teachers received PD designed to improve their knowledge of the science content, and (c) a business‐as‐usual control group. The PD was able to change teacher practice but barely improved teacher knowledge. No significant boost in student achievement was observed, except in a few instances, where there were some promising findings. Exploratory analyses were conducted to examine what makes the interventions more effective. Implications for future research were discussed.
Development of antithunder composite insulator for distribution line
Authors: Wang Bowen , Lu Jiazheng , Fang Zhen , Jiang Zhenglong , Hu Jianping 
Published: November 2019

In this article, the antithunder composite insulator combining a surge arrester and insulator is developed. The insulation design and configuration principle of the composite insulator are analyzed through experiments and simulation. The studies of insulation performance have shown that the external breakdown air distance is 60 mm, and the length of the polymeric support insulator is 70 mm. Considering the more serious pollution (0.3 mg/cm2), the creepage distance of the insulation section must be larger than 250 mm. Test data of the antithunder composite insulator meet the standard requirements. The analysis of mechanical performance of the antithunder composite insulator is carried out, which shows that the overall mechanical strength needs to be greater than 2.38 kN. A three‐dimensional (3D) element finite model is built to simulate the behavior of the antithunder composite insulator in the distribution line. The simulation results indicate that the stress on the varistor and the core rod decreases with the increase of the size of the core rod. A core rod of 20 mm or more can meet the operation requirements. The simulation indicates that the stress of the varistor determines the force limit of the antithunder composite insulator. Therefore, attention should be paid to the performance stability of the varistor of the antithunder insulator under force. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predicting forest understory habitat for Canada lynx using LIDAR data
Authors: Fekety Patrick A. , Sadak Rema B. , Sauder Joel D. , Hudak Andrew T. , Falkowski Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTCanada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a federally threatened species in the contiguous United States. Within National Forests covered by the Northern Rockies Lynx Management Direction, Federal land managers must consider the effect of management activities on Canada lynx habitat. A common method to assess Canada lynx habitat used by the U.S. Forest Service is to measure horizontal cover using a cover board. We used field measurements and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) metrics to test beta regression models that predict estimates of horizontal cover on the Nez Perce–Clearwater National Forest, Idaho, USA, 2009–2015. We also investigated the effect on model predictions when the cover board was blocked by the main stem of a tree. Model fit statistics for normalized root mean square errors (RMSE%) were 30.8–33.7% and pseudo‐R2 ranged from 0.64 to 0.71. Using independent validation data, model performance statistics for RMSE% were 24.6–33.5% and R2 ranged from 0.51 to 0.69. We found that removing cover board measurements where the main stem of a tree blocked >75% of the cover board produced the best model statistics. These models can be applied across LIDAR extents resulting in maps of horizontal cover estimates, which may be used in assessing effects of management activities on Canada lynx habitat. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Investigation on the material removal and surface roughness in ultraprecision machining of Al/B4C/50p metal matrix composites
Authors: Niu Zhichao , Cheng Kai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are increasingly applied in various engineering industries because of their distinct physical and mechanical properties. While the precision machining of MMCs is less understood due to their complex microstructure and poor machinability, a comprehensive scientific understanding on their machining mechanics and the associated surface generation mechanisms is of great importance particularly for industrial scale applications of MMCs. This paper presents a simulation and experimental-based holistic investigation on cutting mechanics, material removal and surface roughness in ultraprecision machining of MMCs. B4C/Al2024 is selected as the targeted MMC material in this research. The thermal-mechanical-tribological integrated modelling and analysis are presented to investigate the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut (DOC) on the material removal, chip formation mechanics and surface generation process. The simulation results indicate that the machined surface roughness in precision machining of particle reinforced MMCs can be reduced by increasing the cutting speed and decreasing the depth of cut. The surface flow waviness decreases, which contributes to a higher surface quality, while machining with a smaller feed rate. The well-designed machining trials are conducted under the same cutting conditions and process variables as those in simulations, which perform a good agreement with simulation results.
The Parameterised Complexity of Computing the Maximum Modularity of a Graph
Authors: Meeks Kitty , Skerman Fiona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The maximum modularity of a graph is a parameter widely used to describe the level of clustering or community structure in a network. Determining the maximum modularity of a graph is known to be $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-complete in general, and in practice a range of heuristics are used to construct partitions of the vertex-set which give lower bounds on the maximum modularity but without any guarantee on how close these bounds are to the true maximum. In this paper we investigate the parameterised complexity of determining the maximum modularity with respect to various standard structural parameterisations of the input graph G. We show that the problem belongs to $$\textsf {FPT}$$
FPT
when parameterised by the size of a minimum vertex cover for G, and is solvable in polynomial time whenever the treewidth or max leaf number of G is bounded by some fixed constant; we also obtain an FPT algorithm, parameterised by treewidth, to compute any constant-factor approximation to the maximum modularity. On the other hand we show that the problem is W[1]-hard (and hence unlikely to admit an FPT algorithm) when parameterised simultaneously by pathwidth and the size of a minimum feedback vertex set.
Macroinvertebrates and Microbes (Archaea, Bacteria) Offer Complementary Insights into Mine-Pit Lake Ecology
Authors: Blanchette Melanie L. , Allcock Richard , Gonzalez Jahir , Kresoje Nina , Lund Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe broad objective of this research was to determine the environmental drivers of macroinvertebrate and microbial assemblages in acidic pit lakes. This is important because pit lake ecosystem development is influenced by prevailing environmental characteristics. Three lakes (Stockton, Kepwari, WO5H) within a larger pit-lake district in Collie, Western Australia were surveyed for spatial variability of benthic macroinvertebrate and microbe (Archaea, Bacteria) assemblage composition as well as potential environmental drivers (riparian condition, aquatic habitat, sediments, and aquatic chemistry) of assemblages. With the exception of sediment chemistry, biophysical variables were significantly different across lakes and reflected riparian condition and groundwater chemistry. Microbial assemblages in pit lakes were significantly different across lakes and correlated with water chemistry, particularly metals in Lake WO5H. However, the most abundant microbes were not readily identified beyond class, making it difficult to speculate on their ecological function. Macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and species richness were also significantly different across all lakes, and in Lake WO5H (a lake with low pH and high metal concentrations), taxa were correlated with benthic organic matter as well as water chemistry. Results indicated that despite poor water quality, input of nutrients from terrestrial leaf litter can support or augment pit lake ecosystems. This is a demonstration of the concept that connection of pit lakes to catchments can positively affect aquatic ecosystems, which can inform management actions for remediation.
Economic impact of Patient’s Own Medication use during hospitalisation: a multicentre pre-post implementation study
Authors: van Herpen-Meeuwissen Loes J. M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Derijks Hieronymus J. , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. , de Vries Frank , Maat Barbara , van Onzenoort Hein A. W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Medication is frequently thrown away after a patient’s discharge from hospital, with undesirable economic and environmental consequences. Because of the rising costs of healthcare, interventions to reduce medication wastage (and associated costs) are warranted. Using Patient’s Own Medication during hospitalisation might decrease medication wastage and associated costs. Objective To study the economic impact of patient’s own medication use on medication waste and hospital staff’s time spent during hospitalisation. Setting In seven Dutch hospitals, of which university, teaching, general, and specialised hospitals, eight different hospital wards, surgical and medical, were selected. Method In this prospective pre-post intervention study data on the economic value of medication waste and time spent by healthcare professionals were collected for a 2 months period each. The economic value of medication waste was defined as the value (€) of wasted medication per 100 patient days. For each ward, time spent on medication process activities was measured 10 times per staff member. The average time spent (in hours) on medication process steps (multiple activities) per staff member per 100 patients and associated salary costs were calculated for both periods. Main outcome measure The primary outcome of the study was the total economic value (€) of wasted medication per 100 patient days. Results Implementation of Patient’s Own Medication decreased the economic value of wasted medication by 39.5% from €3983 to €2411 per 100 patient days. The mean time spent on the total medication process was reduced with 5.2 h per 100 patients (from 112.7 to 104.4 h per 100 patients). We observed a shift in professional activities, as physicians and nurses spent less time on the medication process, whereas pharmacy technicians had a greater role in it. When time spent was expressed as salary; €1219 could be saved per 100 patients. Conclusions This study showed that ‘Patient’s Own Medication' implementation may have a positive economic impact, as the value of medication waste decreases, hospital staff devoted less time on the medication process, and staff deployment is more efficient.
Long-term Effect of Split Iron Dextran/Hemoglobin Supplementation on Erythrocyte and Iron Status, Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, and Meat Quality of Polish Large White and 990 Line Pigs
Authors: Szudzik Mateusz , Lipiński Paweł , Jończy Aneta , Mazgaj Rafał , Pieszka Marek , Kamyczek Marian , Smuda Ewa , Starzyński Rafał R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeme is an efficient dietary iron supplement applied in humans and animals to prevent iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We have recently reported that the use of bovine hemoglobin as a dietary source of heme iron efficiently counteracts the development of IDA in young piglets, which is the common problem in pig industry. Here, we used maternal Polish Large White and terminal sire breed (L990) pigs differing in traits for meat production to evaluate the long-term effect of split supplementation with intramuscularly administered small amount of iron dextran and orally given hemoglobin on hematological indices, iron status, growth performance, slaughter traits, and meat quality at the end of fattening. Results of our study show that in pigs of both breeds split supplementation was effective in maintaining physiological values of RBC and blood plasma iron parameters as well as growth performance, carcass parameters, and meat quality traits. Our results prove the effectiveness of split iron supplementation of piglets in a far-reach perspective.
Predictors of Lesion Cavitation After Recent Small Subcortical Stroke
Authors: Gattringer Thomas , Valdes Hernandez Maria , Heye Anna , Armitage Paul A , Makin Stephen , Chappell Francesca , Pinter Daniela , Doubal Fergus , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMorphologic evolution of recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) ranges from lesion disappearance to lacune formation and the reasons for this variability are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) abnormalities early on can predict tissue damage 1 year after an RSSI. We studied prospectively recruited patients with a symptomatic MRI-defined RSSI who underwent baseline and two pre-specified MRI examinations at 1–3-month and 1-year post-stroke. We defined the extent of long-term tissue destruction, termedcavitation index, as the ratio of the 1-year T1-weighted cavity volume to the baseline RSSI volume on FLAIR. We calculated fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of the RSSI and normal-appearing white matter, and BBB leakage in different tissues on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Amongst 60 patients, at 1-year post-stroke, 44 patients showed some degree of RSSI cavitation on FLAIR, increasing to 50 on T2- and 56 on T1-weighted high-resolution scans, with a median cavitation index of 7% (range, 1–36%). Demographic, clinical, and cerebral small vessel disease features were not associated with the cavitation index. While lower baseline MD of the RSSI (rs = − 0.371;p = 0.004) and more contrast leakage into CSF (rs = 0.347;p = 0.007) were associated with the cavitation index in univariable analysis, only BBB leakage in CSF remained independently associated with cavitation (beta = 0.315,p = 0.046). Increased BBB leakage into CSF may indicate worse endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of tissue destruction post RSSI. Although cavitation was common, it only affected a small proportion of the original RSSI.
Pollution mapping in the urban segment of a tropical river: is water quality index (WQI) enough for a nutrient-polluted river?
Authors: Iqbal Kashifa , Ahmad Shamshad , Dutta Venkatesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Most of the tropical rivers of the world are being affected by multiple sources of pollution. The intensity of pollution is much bigger in the urban stretches due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage. A rapid and cost-effective tool is required for identification of water quality problems and their spatial variation for determining the main pollution sources and to detect relationships between various parameters. For this study, Gomti River, a major tributary of River Ganges, India, was considered which has gained substantial attention because of increasing anthropogenic pollution loads that has badly affected its water quality and ecosystem functions. The urban segment is polluted with organic substances, nutrients and heavy metals. The study provides an overview of the quality of water in the Gomti River through water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical techniques to check if WQI is enough for a nutrient-polluted river in the urban stretch. The study suggests that periodic monitoring and the water quality index development are not enough as it does not incorporate all the aspect of a rivers water quality. The separate assessment of nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, sediment oxygen demand and the nitrification inhibition aspects are required to be integrated when developing a WQI. Present study illustrates that water quality of Gomti River has gradually worsened from upstream and downstream to middle stretch. The middle stretch was found to be most polluted as the major drains are concentrated within this stretch. Principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) helped in obtaining and recognizing the factors/sources accountable for river water quality differences in the study area. The findings are useful for the decisions regarding water quality management and this can also be applied for speedy and low-cost assessment of water quality of the polluted urban stretch of other tropical rivers for better environmental management and planning perspective.
Prevalence of Challenging Behaviour in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities, Correlates, and Association with Mental Health
Authors: Bowring Darren L. , Painter Jon , Hastings Richard P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review
To summarise findings about the prevalence and correlates of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities from robust research. We also describe findings on the interplay between challenging behaviour and mental health.

Recent Findings
Recent studies that have utilised psychometrically evaluated tools, with clear operational definitions, show similar findings on the prevalence of challenging behaviour of about 1 in every 5–6 adults known to services. We describe common correlates identified such as communication impairments, severity of intellectual disability, and living in institutional settings or congregate care. We also describe the complex and multifaceted relationship between challenging behaviour and mental health.

Summary
Based on recent studies, we propose a revised framework model to help understand challenging behaviour. We propose a number of areas where more research is required, particularly the development of risk tools clinicians can utilise in practice.
A review on the use of additive manufacturing to produce lower limb orthoses
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Al-Tamimi Abdulsalam , Almeida Henrique , Cooper Glen , Bartolo Paulo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrthoses (exoskeletons and fracture fixation devices) enhance users’ ability to function and improve their quality of life by supporting alignment correction, restoring mobility, providing protection, immobilisation and stabilisation. Ideally, these devices should be personalised to each patient to improve comfort and performance. Production costs have been one of the main constraints for the production of personalised orthoses. However, customisation and personalisation of orthoses are now possible through the use of additive manufacturing. This paper presents the current state of the art of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of orthoses, providing several examples, and discusses key research challenges to be addressed to further develop this field.