bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit in Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) via Biolistic Transformation
Authors: Loc Nguyen H. , Tung Nghiem V. , Kim Phan T.A. , Yang Moon S. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Heat-Labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) produced by Escherichia coli, a
non-toxic protein subunit with potential biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant
which can induce a strong immune response against co-administered antigens.

Objective:
In the present study, LTB protein, encoded by the optimized ltb (also known synthetic ltb,
s-ltb) gene in centella plant (Centella asiatica) for use as an antigen, has been discussed.

Methods:
The s-ltb gene was cloned into a plant expression vector, pMYO51, adjacent to the CaMV
35S promoter and was then introduced into centella plant by biolistic transformation. PCR amplification
was conducted to determine the presence of s-ltb gene in the transgenic centella plant. The expression
of s-ltb gene was analyzed by immunoblotting and quantified by ELISA. In vitro activity of LTB
protein was determined by GM1-ELISA.

Results:
PCR amplification has found seven transgenic centella individuals. However, only five of
them produced LTB protein. ELISA analysis showed that the highest amount of LTB protein detected
in transgenic centella leaves was about 0.8% of the total soluble protein. GM1-ELISA assay indicated
that plant LTB protein bound specifically to GM1-ganglioside, suggesting that the LTB subunits
formed active pentamers.

Conclusion:
The s-ltb gene that was successfully transformed into centella plants by the biolistic
method has produced a relatively high amount of plant LTB protein in the pentameric quaternary structure
that has GM1-ganglioside binding affinity, a receptor on the intestinal epithelial membrane.
Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Chest Clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyedeji Gbadebo J. , Adeyemo Charles , Dissou Affolabi , Abiodun Tope , Alli Oyebode A.T. , Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Adesiji Yemisi , Olowe Olugbenga A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable
threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence
of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is
also a rise in transmission of resistant strains due to an increase in MDR-TB patients largely due to the
poor drug compliance and the impact of Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, we intend
to determine the extent of MDR-TB among attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB among confirmed
tuberculosis patients attending chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.

Methods:
This study was conducted among 207 attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State between June,
2015 and October 15, 2016. Sputum and blood samples of the participants were collected. GeneXpert
test was carried out first on the samples for simultaneous identification of MTB and rifampicin resistance.
Sputum samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium using N-acetyl-Lcysteine-
sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) decontamination method. Drug susceptibility testing
(DST) to three first-line drugs was carried out using the proportion DST method.

Results:
The prevalence of MTB was found to be 27.5% while the prevalence of MDR-TB from the
fifty-seven isolates was 10.5%. Previously treated and new cases had a prevalence of 7.0% and 3.5%
MDR-TB, respectively. Seventy (33.8%) participants were positive for HIV infection, out of which
twenty-six (12.6%) had co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. The mono-resistance rates of the three
first-line drugs used were: 5.3% and 8.7% for ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH), respectively. No
isolate had mono-resistance (0%) to rifampicin (RIF).

Conclusion:
This study observed the prevalence of 27.5% MTB and a prevalence of 10.5% MDR-TB
among the MTB isolates. The prevalence of TB is high in Osun State. MDR-TB prevalence is higher
compared with the national estimate of MDR-TB (5.1%) of 2017. Resistant TB is a threat to national
tuberculosis control and it is recommended that all the facilities be equipped to cater to its diagnosis.
Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques Based Brain Source Localization Using EEG Signals
Authors: Jatoi Munsif Ali , Dharejo Fayaz Ali , Teevino Sadam Hussain 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The brain is the most complex organ of the human body with millions of
connections and activations. The electromagnetic signals are generated inside the brain due to a
mental or physical task performed. These signals excite a bunch of neurons within a particular lobe
depending upon the nature of the task performed. To localize this activity, certain machine learning
(ML) techniques in conjunction with a neuroimaging technique (M/EEG, fMRI, PET) are developed.
Different ML techniques are provided in the literature for brain source localization. Among
them, the most common are: minimum norm estimation (MNE), low resolution brain electromagnetic
tomography (LORETA) and Bayesian framework based multiple sparse priors (MSP).

Aims:
In this research work, EEG is used as a neuroimaging technique.

Methods:
EEG data is synthetically generated at SNR=5dB. Afterwards, ML techniques are applied
to estimate the active sources. Each dataset is run for multiple trials (>40). The performance
is analyzed using free energy and localization error as performance indicators. Furthermore, MSP
is applied with a variant number of patches to observe the impact of patches on source localization.

Results:
It is observed that with an increased number of patches, the sources are localized with
more precision and accuracy as expressed in terms of free energy and localization error, respectively.

Conclusion:
The patches optimization within the Bayesian Framework produces improved results
in terms of free energy and localization error.
In Vitro Demonstration of Drug-Reagent Interactions Among Commonly Used Parenteral Drugs in Cardiology
Authors: Gönel Ataman , Tascanov Mustafa B. , Bayraktar Nihayet , Koyuncu Ismail , Agan Veysel , Enes Mehmet , Guzelcicek Ahmet 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Drug-drug interactions are undesirable, as they reduce drug bioavailability.
Drug-reagent interactions in biochemical tests may directly affect the accuracy of test results.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of drug-reagent interactions of
drugs used in cardiology on different cardiac markers (troponin I, Nt-proBNP, CK-MB mass, CK,
AST, and LDH) and the D-dimer test.

Methods:
Eleven drugs (enoxaparin, tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate, diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate,
metoprolol, epinephrine, heparin sodium, atropine sodium, furosemide, norepinephrine tartrate,
and amiodarone HCl) were tested in an interference study. The interference protocol was applied to
the control material of troponin I, CK-MB mass, Nt-proBNP, CK, AST, LDH tests with 11 different
drugs and performed with analyzers. Cardiac Markers Plus Control (Bio-Rad, Irvine, CA, USA; Lot:
23662) materials were used to assess the impact of drug-reagent interactions on the accuracy of tests
of cardiac markers based on immunoassay methods. The bias rate, defined as the extent of deviation
from the target value (bias %), in the interference study was calculated in each test.

Results:
For all 11 drugs, positive interference in the range of 43.58% to 130.06% occurred in the
CK-MB mass test, whereas positive interference in the range of 11.98% to 107.44% occurred in the
troponin I test. All the drugs, except enoxaparin sodium, led to negative interference in the range of -
84.21 to -29.6% in the Nt-proBNP test. In the D-dimer test, amiodarone HCl and diltiazem caused
interference (122.87% and 28.08%, respectively). The percentage of interference caused by the other
drugs ranged from -1.27% to 11.44%. Minimal deviations in the target values (between -3.31% and
3.86%) were observed in the CK, AST, and LDH tests measured using spectrophotometric methods.

Conclusion:
Parenteral drugs used in cardiology can significantly interfere with troponin I, CK-MB
mass, Nt-proBNP, and D-dimer tests in the analytical phase because of drug-reagent interactions.
Minimal deviations in the CK, AST, and LDH tests were observed using spectrophotometric methods.
Thus, changes in test results may be due to drug interference rather than the treatment itself. Clinicians
should consider the possibility of drug interference in cases of doubtful cardiac test results
that do not comply with the diagnosis.
Solving the Uncapacitated Single Allocation p-Hub Location Problem with Fixed Cost Using Anti-Predatory NIA
Authors: Sachan Rohit K. , Kushwaha Dharmender S. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Hub Location Problem (HLP) deals with long-term strategic decision planning
in various application domains with the aim of reducing overall transportation cost. It deals
with identifying hubs and allocating spokes to hubs in order to route the flow of goods between
origin-destination locations. Due to the complex nature of the problem, meta-heuristic algorithms
are best suited to solve HLPs. The existing algorithms face the accuracy and consistency related issues
for solving the HLPs.

Objective:
This paper attempts to solve a variant of HLP, which is known as Uncapacitated Single
Allocation p-Hub Location Problem with Fixed Cost (USApHLP-FC), using Anti-Predatory Nature-
Inspired Algorithm (APNIA) to improve accuracy and consistency in results.

Methods:
APNIA is a recently proposed meta-heuristic nature-inspired algorithm, which is based on
the anti-predatory behavior of frogs. For solving the HLP, APNIA is used for both identifying the
hubs and allocating the spokes to hubs in order to reduce the total cost of goods transportation.

Results:
A numerical problem with 10 locations is used for empirical study. The experimental result
shows that APNIA outperforms other leading proposals in terms of total cost and gap value. The obtained
results of APNIA are compared with the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, artificial
bee colony, firefly algorithm, teacher learning based optimization and Jaya algorithm. The
comparative study indicates at least 0.86% improvement in accuracy and at least a 10% gain in consistency
by APNIA for the different number of generations.

Conclusion:
The experimental evaluation and performance comparison signify that APNIA based approach has improved accuracy and consistency in solutions than other compared algorithms. It establishes the robustness of anti-predatory NIA for solving the hub location problems.
The Roles of YouTube and WhatsApp in Dementia Education for the Older Chinese American Population: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Shu Sara , Woo Benjamin K P 
Published: February 2020

Background
Dementia remains a stigmatized topic in the Chinese community.

Objective
This study aims to analyze and compare the usage of dementia educational YouTube videos and the modalities of video sharing over a 6-year period.

Methods
Dementia educational videos were uploaded to YouTube. Data was collected over a 6-year period. Results from the first 3 years were compared to those from the second 3 years using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis.

Results
Over 6 years, the dementia educational videos generated a total watch time of 269,388 minutes, 37,690 views, and an average view duration of 7.1 minutes. Comparing the first and second 3-year periods of video performance data, there was a longer watch time (59,262 vs 210,126 minutes), more total views (9387 vs 28,303 views), and a longer average view duration (6.3 vs 7.4 minutes). Furthermore, WhatsApp has become a leading external traffic source and top sharing service, accounting for 43.5% (929/2137) and 67.0% (677/1011), respectively.

Conclusions
Over 6 years, YouTube has become an increasingly popular tool to deliver culturally sensitive dementia education to Chinese Americans. WhatsApp continues to be the preferred method of sharing dementia education and has become a top external traffic source to dementia educational videos. Taken together, these social media platforms are promising means of reducing the disparity in dementia knowledge in linguistically and culturally isolated populations.
Manajemen Produksi Pergelaran: Peranan Leadership dalam Komunitas Seni Pertunjukan
Authors: Purnomo Heny , Subari Lilik 
Published: February 2020

Seni populer selalu menghadirkan ruang sempit terhadap bentuk pertunjukan yang diselenggarakan secara langsung (live). Perkembangan budaya popular kedalam kehidupan seni pertunjukan telah me-munculkan transformasi nilai, ketika lembaga pemerintahan kurang dapat bersinergi dengan komunitas kesenian, maka terjadi berbagai benturan dalam proses berkesenian. Nilai estetik yang hadir melalui proses artistik, kini hanya dijadikan alat mendatangkan nilai ekonomi semata, sehingga “keindahan” sering dimaknai sebagai sesuatuhal yang harus menghasilkan keuntungan secara komersial. Sebaliknya perkembangan seni populer yang ditandai pesatnya media elektronik telah membawa pengaruh terhadap aktivitas produksi pergelaran. Pementasan kesenian tradisi yang diselenggarakan secara langsung sekarang semakin susah dijumpai, dan sering pula menghadapi persaingan dengan kesenian yang telah dikomodifikasikan melalui media televisi. Tumbuh-kembang media televisi bahkan telah memicu pertumbuhan industri hiburan yang berorientasi komoditas dan keuntungan finansial. Tayangan hiburan di berbagai layar media televisi juga dapat memalingkan penonton dari pementasan yang diselenggarakan secara live. Perkembangan seni popular yang didukung teknologi dan kecepatan informasi telah membawa pengaruh transformasi dengan hadirnya industri hiburan, hal tersebut menjadi fenomena yang berdampak terhadap keberadaan pertunjukan maupun perilaku penontonnya. Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan faktor pendukung produksi pergelaran, menjelaskan pengelolaan dan peranan leadership dalam komunitas kesenian. Untuk meng- analisa data digunakan teori relevan melalui analogi Goffman, dan manajemen ditunjang konsep kepemimpinan, sehingga hasil penelitian dapat digunakan menjawab fenomena yang terjadi. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan peranan leadership ini, lebih menitik-beratkan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka maupun dokumentasi. Penelusuran faktor pendukung dan produksi pergelaran menghasilkan asumsi tentang manajemen serta peranan kepemimpinan dalam keberadaan komunitas seni pertunjukan.
Nota de Retractación
Authors: Nino-Munoz Diana 
Published: February 2020

Retraction: Teaching cases as a pedagogical strategy in business programs. Arias, F., Betancourt, J., Garcés, L., Echeverri Gutiérrez, C., y Quirama, U. (Vol. 17 No. 33, 2017, pp. 243-256). doi: 10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2017.2/a14
Nota de retractación
Authors: Nino-Munoz Diana 
Published: February 2020

Retractación de: Factores asociados a actitudes sobre la sexualidad en la vejez en Medellín, Colombia. Ramos Caballero, E., y Melguizo Herrera, E. (Vol. 17 No. 33, 2017, pp. 267-276). doi: 10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2017.2/a16
Nota de retractación
Authors: Nino-Munoz Diana 
Published: February 2020

Retractación de: Análisis de las dificultades de los estudiantes angloparlantes con el aprendizaje del español en Jamaica. Perea Santos, L., y Valencia Mosquera, E. (Vol. 18 No. 34, 2018, pp. 189-200). doi: 10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2018.1/a13
Nota de retractación
Authors: Nino-Munoz Diana 
Published: February 2020

Retractación de: La calidad de la democracia. Examen de sus fundamentos conceptuales a comienzos del siglo XXI. Rojas-Betancur, M., Bocanument-Arbeláez, M., Gallego-Quiceno, D., y Pineda-Carreño, M. (Vol. 18 No. 34, 2018, pp. 105-118). doi: 10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2018.1/a07
Nota de retractación
Authors: Nino-Munoz Diana 
Published: February 2020

Retractación de: Memorias sociojurídicas de Medellín y Antioquia. Análisis del relato «negro» como evidencia de fuente real del derecho. Bayer Yepes, L. (Vol. 18 No. 34, 2018, pp. 179-188). doi: 10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2018.1/a12
The Transcendental Paradigm Of The Development Of Legal Law
Authors: Absori Absori , Nugroho Sigit Sapto 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the study: This article aims to formulate (1) epistemology jurisprudence has the positivistic level, (2) jurisprudence epistemology has transcendental paradigm, and (3) epistemology of the development of prophetic jurisprudence. Methodology: This research uses library research by conducting research and data analysis and then they use it using knowledge, especially jurisprudence with transcendental values. Main Findings: The base of epistemological positivistic jurisprudence that is objective, empirical and rational which are supported by systematic, procedural and formal models result in its development has lost essential elements, namely spiritual values, so that modern society has a crisis in defining the meaning of life in the world. Applications of this study: The base of transcendental legal science understands people and their life in an intact form (holistic), not merely material nature but also their souls. The development of the prophetic law is intended as a guidance for human life to achieve happiness in the world and in the hereafter, because the prophetic law can not be fragmented between the physical body (formal) and transcendental values. Novelty/Originality of this study: The paradigm of the transcendental epistemology of legal science emphasizes in the integration approaches between sciences and values in various views
Transcendental Paradigm In Pancasila
Authors: Purnomosidi Arie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article aims to elucidate how the transcendental paradigm in Pancasila. Methodology: The writing of this article used the doctrinal method by using philosophical and theoretical approaches. Finding: Indonesian law tends to be paradigmatic towards power. This condition caused a materialistic and atheistic way of law. Therefore, it has evoked a crisis in law. Supposedly, Pancasila is a legal basis that is based on the spirit of the nation (volkgeist) of Indonesia. Pancasila is a law that is under the characteristics of people in Indonesia, which are more monodualistic and pluralistic in nature. Therefore, Pancasila contains transcendental values, which are sourced from divine values in religious, ethical, and moral law. The transcendental paradigm in Pancasila can be observed from the opening of the 1945 Constitution, which states that the independence of the Indonesian state is due to the blessing of the Almighty God. The opening of the 1945 Constitution is a substantial agreement among the founders of the nation, which forms the basis of the state-building, and the embodiment of the nation's founders. Importance: It is expected that the transcendental paradigm elucidated in this article can be an alternative solution to overcome the Indonesian legal crisis that can mislead human civilization. Originality/novelty: Orientation of Transcendental paradigms in the principle of Pancasila can be the answer to Indonesia's legal problems that tend to be power-oriented. Keywords: Paradigm, Transcendental Law, Pancasila
caso da Cooperativa de Trabalho de Costureiras Unidas Venceremos
Authors: Souza Lucas Henrique de , Santos Luís Miguel Luzio dos , Rocha Jean Carlos Mendes da 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta relatos de uma experiência de Economia Solidária, o caso da Cooperativa de Costureiras Unidas Venceremos - Univens. Com a ascensão do neoliberalismo e o crescimento do desemprego, em 1996, um grupo de mulheres desempregadas de uma comunidade da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, viram na formação da cooperativa uma oportunidade de trabalho, geração de renda e inclusão social. É comum em estudos de empreendimentos de corte coletivista, como o caso da Univens, especificamente ligado à Economia Solidária, um confronto entre o modelo organizacional desejado talhado numa perspectiva idealista e a realidade vivida nesses empreendimentos. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as principais aderências e distanciamentos da experiência da Univens em relação aos princípios que fundamentam a Economia Solidária. Utilizando-se de procedimentos metodológicos qualitativos, procuramos compreender o processo de organização e desenvolvimento da cooperativa diante de um contexto socioeconômico adverso. Para a realização da coleta de dados foram utilizados três instrumentos: a pesquisa documental, a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação direta. As análises foram realizadas a partir da triangulação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados e os dados ordenados em três categorias: desenvolvimento histórico, processos de gestão, desafios e problemas. Como resultados, identificamos que a Univens utiliza princípios do modelo de autogestão; que o processo produtivo é dividido em três etapas (corte, costura e serigrafia), demonstrando uma clara divisão do trabalho; e que as fragilidades da cooperativa são decorrentes da sazonalidade dos pedidos e da falta de capacitação das cooperadas e das potenciais cooperantes. Conclui-se que apesar da Univens não ter superado a lógica capitalista, é preciso considerar o potencial transformador de suas práticas como forma de resistência as organizações capitalistas.
Palavras-chave: Economia solidária. Cooperativismo. Empreendimentos solidários. Univens.
Experimental evaluation of tulathromycin as a treatment for Campylobacter jejuni abortion in pregnant ewes
Authors: Yaeger Michael J. , Wu Zuowei , Plummer Paul J. , Sahin Orhan , Ocal Melda Meral , Beyi Ashenafi F. , Xu Changyun , Zhang Qijing , Griffith Ronald W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of tulathromycin for prevention of abortion in pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours after experimental inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni.

ANIMALS
20 pregnant ewes between 72 and 92 days of gestation.

PROCEDURES
All ewes were inoculated with a field strain of C jejuni (8.5 × 108 to 10.6 × 108 CFUs, IV). Eighteen hours later, ewes received either tulathromycin (1.1 mL/45 kg [2.4 mg/kg], SC; n = 10) or sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1.1 mL/45 kg, SC; sham; 10). Ewes were euthanized immediately after observation of vaginal bleeding, abortion, or completion of a 21-day observation period. Necropsy was performed on all ewes, and tissue specimens were obtained for bacterial culture and histologic examination.

RESULTS
1 sham-treated ewe and 1 tulathromycin-treated ewe developed signs of severe endotoxemia and were euthanized within 24 hours after C jejuni inoculation. Seven sham-treated and 2 tulathromycin-treated ewes developed vaginal bleeding or aborted and were euthanized between 4 and 21 days after C jejuni inoculation. The proportion of tulathromycin-treated ewes that developed vaginal bleeding or aborted during the 21 days after C jejuni inoculation (2/9) was significantly less than that for the sham-treated ewes (7/9).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that administration of tulathromycin to pregnant ewes following exposure to C jejuni was effective in decreasing the number of C jejuni–induced abortions. Because of concerns regarding the development of macrolide resistance among Campylobacter strains, prophylactic use of tulathromycin in sheep is not recommended.