bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of current research on stock return predictability
Authors: Reschenhofer Erhard , Mangat Manveer Kaur , Zwatz Christian , Guzmics Sándor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe results of recent replication studies suggest that false positive findings are a big problem in empirical finance. We contribute to this debate by reviewing a sample of articles dealing with the short‐term directional forecasting of the prices of stocks, commodities, and currencies. Screening all relevant articles published in 2016 by one of the 96 journals covered by the Social Sciences Citation Index in the category “Business, Finance,” we select only those studies that use easily accessible data of daily or higher frequency. We examine each study in detail, from the selection of the dataset to the interpretation of the results. We also include empirical analyses to illustrate the shortcomings of certain approaches. There are three main findings from our review. First, the number of selected papers is very low, which is surprising even when the strict selection criteria are taken into account. Second, there are hardly any relevant studies that use high‐frequency data—despite the hype about financial big data and machine learning. Third, the economic significance of the findings—for example, their usefulness for trading purposes—is questionable. In general, apparently good forecasting performance does not translate into profitability once realistic transaction costs and the effect of data snooping are taken into account. Other typical problems include unsuitable benchmarks, short evaluation periods, and nonoperational trading strategies.
Fish Gut Microbiome: A Primer to an Emerging Discipline in the Fisheries Sciences
Authors: Gallo Benjamin D , Farrell John M , Leydet Brian F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High throughput next generation sequencing has propelled advances in genomic inquiry, including discoveries on the composition of the host gut microbiota. Research on mammals has demonstrated critical ways through which the gut microbiota influences host health and fitness, but applications involving fisheries are in their infancy. Given the breadth of research interests and importance of hatcheries in fisheries management and aquaculture in food production, studies investigating the gut microbiome of fish will play an integral role in promoting fish growth and health in all settings. This perspective highlights what is currently known about the fish gut microbiome, and how research can apply next generation sequencing and related methods to address emerging questions in fisheries and aquaculture. With continuing advances in sequencing technologies, gut microbiome research will change our understanding of the microbiota's role in fisheries and aquaculture through inquiry into the mutualistic relationship between microbes and fish hosts.
Clinical and molecular characterization of primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of bone and review of the literature
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Dickson Brendan C. , Dry Sarah M. , Federman Noah , Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , Swanson David , Sung Yun‐Shao , Zhang Lei , Healey John H. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare sarcoma subtype characterized by monomorphic epithelioid cells embedded in a densely sclerotic collagenous matrix. The overwhelming majority of tumors arise in soft tissues; however, rare cases have been documented to occur primarily in bone. The hallmarks of soft tissue SEF include MUC4 immunoreactivity and the presence of an EWSR1‐CREB3L1 fusion. Rare cases with alternative fusions have also been reported such as EWSR1‐CREB3L2 and FUS‐CREB3L2 transcripts. The molecular alterations of skeletal SEF have not been well‐defined, with only rare cases analyzed to date. In this study we investigated the clinicopathologic and molecular features of seven patients presenting with primary osseous SEF. There were 3 males and 4 females, with a mean age at diagnosis of 38 years. All cases had microscopic features within the histologic spectrum of SEF and showed strong and diffuse MUC4 positivity, while lacking SATB2 expression. However, due to its unusual presentation within bone, four cases were initially misinterpreted as either osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or chondroblastoma. Half of the patients with follow‐up data developed metastasis. The cases were tested by targeted RNA sequencing, MSK‐IMPACT, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization, showing EWSR1‐CREB3L1 in six cases and EWSR1‐CREB3L2 in one case. The fusion transcripts were composed of EWSR1 exon 11 to either exon 6 of CREB3L1 or CREB3L2. In summary, due to their rarity in the bone, skeletal SEF are often misdiagnosed, resulting in inadequate treatment modalities. Similar to their soft tissue counterpart, bone SEF follow an aggressive clinical behavior and show similar EWSR1‐CREB3L1/CREB3L2 fusions.
Understanding the association between psychomotor processing speed and white matter hyperintensity: A comprehensive multi‐modality MR imaging study
Authors: Wang Shuyue , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Yu Xinfeng , Shen Zhujing , Luo Xiao , Hong Hui , Sun Jianzhong , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Ruiting , Zhou Ying , Lou Min , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCognitive processing speed is crucial for human cognition and declines with aging. White matter hyperintensity (WMH), a common sign of WM vascular damage in the elderly, is closely related to slower psychomotor processing speed. In this study, we investigated the association between WMH and psychomotor speed changes through a comprehensive assessment of brain structural and functional features. Multi‐modal MRIs were acquired from 60 elderly adults. Psychomotor processing speeds were assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT‐A). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between TMT‐A and brain features, including WMH volumes in five cerebral regions, diffusivity parameters in the major WM tracts, regional gray matter volume, and brain activities across the whole brain. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to demonstrate the contribution of each index to slower psychomotor processing speed. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that WMH volume in the occipital lobe and fractional anisotropy of the forceps major, an occipital association tract, were associated with TMT‐A. Besides, resting‐state brain activities in the visual cortex connected to the forceps major were associated with TMT‐A. Hierarchical regression showed fractional anisotropy of the forceps major and regional brain activities were significant predictors of TMT‐A. The occurrence of WMH, combined with the disruption of passing‐through fiber integrity and altered functional activities in areas connected by this fiber, are associated with a decline of psychomotor processing speed. While the causal relationship of this WMH‐Tract‐Function‐Behavior link requires further investigation, this study enhances our understanding of these complex mechanisms.
Comparison between autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma relapsing/progressing after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Mori Keita , Kawamura Koji , Mori Takehiko , Hagiwara Shotaro , Ueda Yasunori , Kahata Kaoru , Uchida Naoyuki , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Murakami Satoshi , Yamamoto Masahide , Takahashi Tsutomu , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Onizuka Makoto , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Okamoto Shinichiro , Sunami Kazutaka , Takamatsu Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) offers a clinical option to young patients with multiple myeloma (MM) relapsing/progressing after autologous SCT (ASCT); however, this claim remains debatable. Thus, in this retrospective study, we analyzed 526 patients with MM who underwent SCT for MM relapsing/progressing after the prior ASCT using the registry data of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2001‐2015) and compared overall survival (OS) between allo‐SCT (n = 192) and autologous stem cell retransplantation groups (ReASCT; n = 334) based on risk factor points. Significant adverse factors for OS in all patients were (1) male sex, (2) less than partial response to SCT, (3) performance status of 2 to 4, and (4) short duration from the prior ASCT. We scored factor 2 as 1 point, factor 3 as 2 points, and factor 4 as 0, 1, or 2 points for more than 30, 9 to 30, or less than 9 months, respectively. We categorized patients into three risk subgroups based on their total points (0, 1‐3, and 4‐5 points), indicating the usefulness of this scoring system for prognosis prediction and treatment selection. Subgroup comparison revealed OS after ReASCT to be higher than that after allo‐SCT in the intermediate‐risk subgroup comprising the largest population (28.2% vs 21.5%, P < .004). We observed no significant advantages of allo‐SCT over ReASCT in the low‐ and high‐risk subgroups. These findings suggest that ReASCT is more advantageous than allo‐SCT in many patients with MM relapsing/progressing after the prior ASCT. However, long‐term survival patients were noted only in the allo‐SCT group, and allo‐SCT could exhibit clinical efficacy, particularly in the low‐risk group. While further examination is warranted, allo‐SCT could be a potential tool for a specific population with MM relapsing/progressing after the prior ASCT.
Stagnation flow of hybrid nanoparticles with MHD and slip effects
Authors: Abbas Nadeem , Malik Muhammad Y. , Nadeem Sohail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe flow of hybrid nanoparticles with significant physical parameters with different base fluids in the presence of Biot number, velocity slip, and MHD effects has not been explored so far, particularly for a circular cylinder. Therefore, the current report is presented to offer a numerical solution for hybrid nanoparticles with base fluids (water and ethylene glycerol) via a circular cylinder. The physical situation is interpreted in terms of partial differential equations and is converted into ordinary differential equations after applying the similarity transformation. The results are presented in both tabular and graphical forms. The impact of physical parameters on velocity distribution is examined through graphs. The comparative results of hybrid nanoparticles for distinct base fluids as ethylene glycol and water are proposed and the hybrid nanoparticles with base fluid water seems to be greater than that of the hybrid nanoparticles with base fluid EG. The temperature profile of hybrid nanoparticles is found to be a decreasing function with growth in velocity slip parameter but an opposite trend is noted in case of nanoparticles . The skin friction and Nusselt number augmented for the increase in magnetic field, velocity slip, and nanoparticle while it shows a decreasing trend toward thermal slip parameter. For the both cases, improvement in Biot number helps enhance the heat transfer constantly.
Self‐assembly of lipid rafts revealed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in living breast cancer cells
Authors: Dong Shiqing , Tang Xiaoqiong , Wang Jiao , Zhang Zhenghong , Chen Jianling , Lin Yao , Xie Shusen , Wang Zhengchao , Yang Hongqin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipids and proteins in the plasma membrane are laterally heterogeneous and formalised as lipid rafts featuring unique biophysical properties. However, the self‐assembly mechanism of lipid raft cannot be revealed even its physical properties and components were determined in specific physiological processes. In this study, two‐photon generalised polarisation imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy were used to study the fusion of lipid rafts through the membrane phase and the lateral diffusion of lipids in living breast cancer cells. A self‐assembly model of lipid rafts associated with lipid diffusion and membrane phase was proposed to demonstrate the lipid sorting ability of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. The results showed that the increased proportion of slow subdiffusion of GM1‐binding cholera toxin B‐subunit (CT‐B) was accompanied with an increased liquid‐ordered domain during the β‐estradiol‐induced fusion of lipid rafts. And slow subdiffusion of CT‐B was vanished with the depletion of lipid rafts. Whereas the dialkylindocarbocyanine (DiIC18) diffusion was not specifically regulated by lipid rafts. This study will open up a new insight for uncovering the self‐assembly of lipid rafts in specific pathophysiological processes.
Bone Marrow and Muscle Fat Infiltration Are Correlated among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: The AMBERS Cohort Study
Authors: Wong Andy K , Chandrakumar Abinaa , Whyte Rachel , Reitsma Shannon , Gillick Hana , Pokhoy Anthony , Papaioannou Alexandra , Adachi Jonathan D 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Bone and muscle have shown to interact, but little is known about fat within bone and muscle. Clinical studies have isolated fat within bone and muscle using MRI. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that bone marrow adiposity and muscle adiposity are related and that this relationship is associated with osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women aged 60 to 85 years were recruited as part of the Appendicular Muscle and Bone Extension Research Study (AMBERS). Participants completed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine to diagnose osteoporosis. Muscle adiposity was measured with MRI at the 66% site of the leg. Fat segmentation was achieved using a semi-automated iterative threshold-optimizing algorithm (error &lt; 5%). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured marrow density of the 4% distal tibia (surrogate for marrow fat) by threshold-based, edge-detection segmentations and by examining residuals from trabecular bone density regressed on trabecular tissue mineral density. Muscle adiposity from MRI was regressed on marrow density using linear regression. Models were further examined with an interaction with osteoporosis status. Among 312 women (aged 75.4 ± 5.9 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.5 ± 5.7 kg/m2), a larger amount of muscle fat was associated with lower marrow density at the 66% mid-tibia (B = 84.08 [27.56], p = 0.002) and at the 4% distal tibia (B = 129.17 [55.96], p = 0.022) after accounting for age, height, weight, average daily energy expenditure, hypertension, and diabetes. Interactions of this relationship with osteoporosis status were also significant. Upon probing these interactions, the relationships were significant only in women with osteoporosis but not in those without osteoporosis. Fat from bone marrow and muscle may be related to one another through the same phenomenon, which is likely also responsible for osteoporosis, but independent of hypertension and diabetes. More research should focus on the potential abnormalities in muscle and bone fat metabolism and mesenchymal cell commitment to fat within patients with osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Democracy and tax avoidance: An international study
Authors: Ma Jiameng , Guo Kai , Yu Jiemin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of home country democracy on corporate tax avoidance. Specifically, we investigate how two aspects of democracy (political freedom and electoral democracy) are associated with corporate tax avoidance, respectively. Political freedom reduces tax avoidance, as public scrutiny increases financial transparency risk of tax avoidance and participation in political decision‐making process raises willingness to pay taxes. Electoral democracy increases tax avoidance, as election increases tax system complexity which in turn increases tax avoidance. Furthermore, we find that corruption control and social stability strengthen the negative association between political freedom and tax avoidance. Corporate tax complexity as percentage of overall tax complexity strengthens the positive association between electoral democracy and tax avoidance. Additional tests show shareholder protection and being a common law country weaken the negative association between political freedom and tax avoidance, and strengthen the positive association between electoral democracy and tax avoidance. Robustness checks using colony history as instrumental variable confirm the results.
Frontline Science: Cytokine-mediated developmental phenotype of mouse eosinophils: IL-5-associated expression of the Ly6G/Gr1 surface Ag
Authors: Limkar Ajinkya R. , Mai Eric , Sek Albert C. , Percopo Caroline M. , Rosenberg Helene F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Eosinophils have broad and extensive immunomodulatory capacity; recent studies have focused on the roles of distinct eosinophil subsets in specific tissue microenvironments. Ly6G is a GPI-linked leukocyte surface Ag understood primarily as a marker of mouse neutrophils, although its full function is not known. Here, we show that Ly6G/Gr1, detected by mAbs 1A8 (anti-Ly6G) and RB6-8C5 (anti-Gr1), is detected prominently on a significant fraction of eosinophils from mouse bone marrow and bone marrow-derived culture, with fractions expressing this Ag increasing in IL-5-enriched microenvironments. Among our findings, we identified SiglecF+Gr1+ eosinophils in bone marrow from naïve, allergen-challenged and IL-5 transgenic mice; SiglecF+Gr1+ eosinophils were also prominent ex vivo in bone marrow-derived eosinophils (bmEos) in IL-5-enriched culture. Reducing the IL-5 concentration 20-fold had no impact on the rate of generation of SiglecF+ bmEos but did result in a marked increase in the Gr1− fraction (from 17.4 ± 2% to 30 ± 2.3%, ***P &lt; 0.005). Reducing the IL-5 concentration also enhanced chemotaxis; SiglecF+Gr1− bmEos were considerably more responsive to eotaxin-1 than were their SiglecF+Gr1+ counterparts. These results suggest that (i) IL-5 regulates the expression of Ly6G/Gr1, either directly or indirectly, in cells of the eosinophil lineage, (ii) eosinophils generated in response to high concentrations of IL-5 can be distinguished from those generated under homeostatic conditions by expression of the Ly6G/Gr1 cell surface Ag, and (iii) expression of Ly6G/Gr1 may have an impact on function, directly or indirectly, including the potential to undergo chemotaxis in response to eotaxin-1.
Pretreatment MR‐Based Radiomics Signature as Potential Imaging Biomarker for Assessing the Expression of Topoisomerase II alpha (TOPO‐IIα) in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiayou , Chen Ying , Zheng Dechun , Pang Peipei , Lu Jianping , Zheng Xiang 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundRectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common cancers throughout the world. Chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy play an important role in the treatment of advanced RC. Whether to add topoisomerase inhibitor to individualized chemotherapy is a puzzling question for clinicians.PurposeTo investigate whether pretreatment MR‐based radiomics signature can assess the expression of topoisomerase II alpha (TOPO‐IIα) in RC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 122 patients with RC.Field Strength/Sequence: Pretreatment 3.0T; T2WI turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence.AssessmentA training group (n = 85) and a test group (n = 37) with pathologically confirmed RC. Patients underwent TOPO‐IIα expression. A total of 180 radiomics features were extracted from oblique axial T2WI TSE images of the entire primary tumor. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to reduce the dimension of the data and select the features.Statistical TestsThe assessment models were established by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The performance of the model was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, nomogram, and calibration.ResultsThe radiomics signature, which consisted of 10 selected optimal features, was significantly associated with TOPO‐IIα expression (P < 0.01 for both training and test groups). The area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity, and the specificity for assessing TOPO‐IIα expression, were 0.859, 0.872, and 0.739, respectively, in the training group, while they were 0.762, 0.941, and 0.600 in the test group. The nomogram model of the radiomics signature (Rad‐score) had good calibration. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the calibration of the radiomics nomogram that was accompanied with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.52).Data ConclusionThe proposed pretreatment MR‐based radiomics signature was associated with TOPO‐IIα expression. A radiomics nomogram might be helpful in the individualized assessment of TOPO‐IIα expression in patients with RC.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1881–1889.
Editorial for “Qualitative and Quantitative Reporting of a Unique Biparametric MRI: Towards Biparametric MRI‐Based Nomograms for Prediction of Prostate Biopsy Outcome in Men With a Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer (IMPROD and MULTI‐IMPROD Trials)”
Authors: Hausmann Daniel , Zoellner Frank Gerrit , Kubik‐Huch Rahel A. 
Published: November 2019

Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1568–1569.
Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions on DCE‐MRI by Using Radiomics and Deep Learning With Consideration of Peritumor Tissue
Authors: Zhou Jiejie , Zhang Yang , Chang Kai‐Ting , Lee Kyoung Eun , Wang Ouchen , Li Jiance , Lin Yezhi , Pan Zhifang , Chang Peter , Chow Daniel , Wang Meihao , Su Min‐Ying 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundComputer‐aided methods have been widely applied to diagnose lesions detected on breast MRI, but fully‐automatic diagnosis using deep learning is rarely reported.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of mass lesions using region of interest (ROI)‐based, radiomics and deep‐learning methods, by taking peritumor tissues into consideration.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 133 patients with histologically confirmed 91 malignant and 62 benign mass lesions for training (74 patients with 48 malignant and 26 benign lesions for testing).Field Strength/Sequence3T, using the volume imaging for breast assessment (VIBRANT) dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequence.Assessment3D tumor segmentation was done automatically by using fuzzy‐C‐means algorithm with connected‐component labeling. A total of 99 texture and histogram parameters were calculated for each case, and 15 were selected using random forest to build a radiomics model. Deep learning was implemented using ResNet50, evaluated with 10‐fold crossvalidation. The tumor alone, smallest bounding box, and 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 times enlarged boxes were used as inputs.Statistical TestsThe malignancy probability was calculated using each model, and the threshold of 0.5 was used to make a diagnosis.ResultsIn the training dataset, the diagnostic accuracy was 76% using three ROI‐based parameters, 84% using the radiomics model, and 86% using ROI + radiomics model. In deep learning using the per‐slice basis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was comparable for tumor alone, smallest and 1.2 times box (AUC = 0.97‐0.99), which were significantly higher than 1.5 and 2.0 times box (AUC = 0.86 and 0.71, respectively). For per‐lesion diagnosis, the highest accuracy of 91% was achieved when using the smallest bounding box, and that decreased to 84% for tumor alone and 1.2 times box, and further to 73% for 1.5 times box and 69% for 2.0 times box. In the independent testing dataset, the per‐lesion diagnostic accuracy was also the highest when using the smallest bounding box, 89%.Data ConclusionDeep learning using ResNet50 achieved a high diagnostic accuracy. Using the smallest bounding box containing proximal peritumor tissue as input had higher accuracy compared to using tumor alone or larger boxes.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2