bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal tensile deformation behaviors and fracture mechanism of Ti‐26Al‐20Nb‐0,5Mo alloy at different phase regions
Authors: Zhang G. , Jiang H. , Tian S. , Guo W. , Zhang Y. , Wang J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the microstructure evolution, the deformation behavior and the fracture mechanism of the Ti‐26Al‐20Nb‐0.5Mo alloy have been systematically investigated during tensile test. Results show that increase in tensile temperature leads to decrease in strength and increase in ductility. Under the deformation temperature of room temperature and 600 °C, there were no change in the microstructure of the samples, and the movement of dislocations plays a very important role. With increase of deformation temperature, the spheroidization degrees of the lamellar orthorhombic phase increases and the volume fraction of that decreases. Particularly the deformation temperature rising to 950 °C, the morphology of some equiaxed α2 phases had been flattened into an ellipsoidal shape and the lamellar orthorhombic phase had been spheroidized completely during the deformation process. The deformation mechanism was mainly based on merged of grains and grown at this moment. Moreover, the fracture changes from brittle fracture to ductile fracture with increase of deformation temperature. At the tensile temperatures of 750 °C and 950 °C, the dimples around the holes are very different, and the fractographs are wave feature and fish scale features, respectively. The reason for this feature is mainly related to the spheroidization degree of the lamellar during the tensile deformation process.
Polymeric amine membrane materials for carbon dioxide (CO2)/methane (CH4) separation
Authors: Nasir R. , Abdulrahman A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbon dioxide separation from methane using membrane technology is getting attraction, and polymeric membranes are the most prominent polymer membrane materials. However, the existing polymeric membranes performance is inadequate due to trade‐off limitation open new windows to explore. Therefore, in this study, amine polymeric membrane (APM) has been fabricated by the addition of different concentration (5 wt.% and 15 wt.%) of diethanolamine (DEA). The developed amine polymeric membranes have been characterized in term of morphology and thermal analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The permeance and selectivity have been determined by using pure carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Also, the effect of amine concentration on permeance and selectivity has been studied. The results confirmed the symmetric and homogenous structure and thermal stability of membranes up to 490 °C. The maximum percent increase by the 15 wt.% addition of diethanolamine is 102.08 % at 10 bar pressure.
Slowed Luminance Reaction Times in Cervical Dystonia: Disordered Superior Colliculus Processing
Authors: Williams Laura , Butler John S. , Thirkettle Martin , Stafford Tom , Quinlivan Brendan , McGovern Eavan , O'Riordan Sean , Redgrave Peter , Reilly Richard , Hutchinson Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal temporal discrimination in cervical dystonia is hypothesized to be attributable to disrupted processing in the superior colliculus. The fast, luminance‐based, retinotectal pathway, projects to the superior colliculus; chromatic stimuli responses, by the retino‐geniculo‐calcarine pathway, are up to 30 ms longer.ObjectivesWe sought to interrogate visual processing and reaction times in patients with cervical dystonia compared with healthy controls. We hypothesized that cervical dystonia patients would have impaired reaction times to luminance based stimuli accessing the retino‐tectal pathway in comparison to healthy control participants.MethodsIn 20 cervical dystonia and 20 age‐matched control participants, we compared reaction times to two flashing visual stimuli: (1) a chromatic annulus and (2) a luminant, noncolored annulus. Participants pressed a joystick control when they perceived the annulus flashing.ResultsReaction times in control participants were 20 ms significantly faster in the luminant condition than the chromatic (P = 0.017). Patients with cervical dystonia had no reaction time advantage in response to the luminant stimulus.ConclusionCervical dystonia patients (compared to control participants) demonstrated no reduction in their reaction time to luminant stimuli, processed through the retinotectal pathway. This finding is consistent with superior colliculus dysfunction in cervical dystonia. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Effect of Resampling on Data‐imbalanced Conditions for Prediction towards Nuclear Receptor Profiling Using Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Yong Oh , Kim Young Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn toxicity evaluation based on the nuclear receptor signalling pathway, in silico prediction tools are used for the detection of the early stages of long‐term toxicities, the prioritization of newly synthesized chemicals and the acquisition of the selectivity and sensitivity. Computational prediction model is one of the promising tools for the toxicity screening of the chemical‐protein interaction as deep learning has been improved the prediction accuracies. However, the challenge is that data‐imbalanced conditions, where the volume of toxic chemical compound dataset is much smaller than the nontoxic dataset, result in low prediction accuracy of the toxic dataset providing valid information to toxicity hazard. In this paper, we have examined the effect of data imbalance in the toxicity assessment data of AR (LBD), ER (LBD), AhR, and PPAR as nuclear receptors, and identified the severe imbalance between the prediction of the toxic and nontoxic datasets. As the acquisition of the balanced selectivity and sensitivity is required for the assessment of toxicity hazards, data resampling methods have been investigated in order to improve the bias problem in binary classification for toxicity hazard profiling of nuclear receptor. The experimental results achieved a sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 0.787, with an overall accuracy of 0.829 and a ROC‐AUC of 0.822 by the simple resampling methods.
Survey of Australasian Renal and Rheumatology Specialists investigating topical NSAID use and adverse renal outcomes
Authors: Terrill Matthew , Soden Muriel , Srivastava Vikas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionA survey investigated physician reported use, prescribing practices and adverse renal events of topical NSAIDs.MethodThis survey was sent to members of the Australian Rheumatology Association and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology.ResultsSixty physicians responded, 55% (n = 33) were nephrologists; 45% (n = 27) rheumatologists.Nearly all (n = 56, 93.3%) had managed at least one patient using topical NSAIDs, including those with an eGFR <45 mL/min (n = 55, 91.7%). Concern was expressed that patients may use topical NSAIDs without the physician's knowledge. The majority (n = 40, 66.6%) have prescribed (or recommended) a topical NSAID, slightly less in patients with a reduced eGFR <45 mL/min (n = 36, 60.0%). Participants would advise topical NSAIDs for osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal pain, though be mindful to monitor the renal function and blood pressure. There was a variance in comments in advising use in CKD (eGFR <45 mL/min) from avoidance in those with an eGFR <30 mL/min to minimal concern. Most respondents (n = 55, 91.7%) had not encountered an acute kidney injury (AKI) suspected from topical NSAID use. Of the five that did, three were thought to be an adverse renovascular event and two were uncertain. All patients had an eGFR <45 mL/min, all had recovery f their renal function with NSAID cessation.DiscussionPatients commonly use topical NSAIDs, often without the physician's knowledge. Most respondents would recommend their use in osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal pain, though with caution in CKD. While an AKI is uncommon due to topical NSAIDs, it may occur, especially in those with CKD.
Fostering patient uptake of recommended health services and self‐management strategies for musculoskeletal conditions: A Delphi study of clinician attributes
Authors: O'Leary Shaun , Gale Janette , Volker Glen , Kuipers Pim , Dalton Megan , McPhail Steven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionSuccessful management of musculoskeletal conditions depends on active patient engagement and uptake of recommended health services and self‐management strategies. Clinicians have a strong influence on patient uptake behaviours. Both clinicians and educators need to recognise the clinician's influence on patient uptake as a specific clinical skillset to be professionally developed. To inform professional development strategies this study explored priority clinician attributes that underpin the clinical skillset of fostering patient uptake.MethodsA three‐round Delphi process engaged relevant stakeholders including a professional panel (clinicians, health managers, education providers) and a patient panel. Panel members deliberated and reached consensus regarding key attributes required by allied health clinicians who manage patients with musculoskeletal disorders to optimize patient uptake behaviours. In the final round, panel members rated the importance of each attribute on a numerical rating scale.ResultsOverall 12 attributes were finalised. Both the professional and the patient panel provided a high rating of importance for all finalised attributes with ‘patient centred communication’ rated the highest importance (median scores 9.5–10/10) and ‘contemporary electronics and media’ rated the lowest (median scores 6–7/10).ConclusionsThere appears to be agreement on a basic inventory of clinician attributes which positively influence patient uptake when managing musculoskeletal conditions. Professional development and training programs for clinicians managing musculoskeletal conditions may need to consider discipline relevant aspects of these attributes to advance the development of clinicians in this aspect of professional practice to attain better patient outcomes.
Effects of Temperature on Hatching Rate and Early Development of Alligator Gar and Spotted Gar in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Long James M. , Snow Richard A. , Porta Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Water temperature influences both morphological and physiological development in fishes. However, the effects of water temperature on the early development of Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula and Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus are not well understood. Both gar species were collected from natural environments and spawned in a hatchery setting. After spawning, fertilized embryos were collected and transferred to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory, where the embryos (50–72 embryos/treatment) were placed into one of five water temperature treatments (15.5, 20.0, 23.8, 27.5, and 32.2°C) and observed over time to estimate the time to hatch and the time to reach the free-swimming stage. Both species showed an inverse relationship between temperature and the timing of hatch and advancement to free-swimming fingerlings for all treatments. In addition, Alligator Gar embryos did not develop at the coldest water temperature tested, and Alligator Gar juveniles held at the warmest temperature tested were observed with developmental abnormalities, potentially affecting their survival. The same temperature extremes had no comparable negative effect on Spotted Gar. The results of this study are useful for understanding early life history dynamics of these two species in their natural environments and can also be used by hatchery managers who are seeking to optimize their production protocols.
The mass burials from the western necropolis of the Greek colony of Himera (Sicily) related to the battles of 480 and 409 BCE
Authors: Viva Serena , Lonoce Norma , Vincenti Giorgia , Cameriere Roberto , Valentino Matteo , Vassallo Stefano , Fabbri Pier Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThroughout the ancient Greek, world mass burials are rare. Of the 10,000 excavated burials in the western necropolis of the Greek colony of Himera (649–409), only 16 contained more than one individual; seven of these can in all possibility be traced back to the two battles fought by Himera against the Carthaginians in 480 and 409 BCE. Written sources (Diod. 11.20ff.) state that the Himerans, accompanied by numerous Greek allies, defeated the Carthaginian forces in the first conflict whereas the loss of Greek allied support in the second battle resulted in the city's defeat and subsequent destruction.The anthropological and taphonomical studies of the human remains aim at testing the archaeological hypothesis that individuals interred in the seven mass graves can be related to the two battles.Skeleton density (skeletons per square metre), position, orientation, and conservation levels of the individuals in the mass burials were analysed and compared with a larger sample of 1,000 single burials from the same necropolis along with mass graves in other forensic and archaeological contexts. Sex, age at death, presence of skeletal stress indicators, and perimortal traumas were recorded using standard anthropological methods. In the case of poorly preserved remains, sex was estimated using site‐specific discriminant functions.Although representing catastrophic samples, the results from the seven mass burials all lead to the assumption that the graves can be associated with the interment of warriors fallen in battle. Moreover, burial differences have permitted to distinguish the mass burials dating to 480 BCE from those attributed to 409 BCE.
Physical and Mental Health–Related Quality of Life Changes Among Insurer Subgroups Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Takemoto Erin , Wolfe Bruce M. , Nagel Corey L. , Boone‐Heinonen Janne 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study sought to determine improvements in mental and physical health–related quality of life (HRQOL) following bariatric surgery in Medicaid and commercially insured patients.MethodsUsing data from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery, an observational cohort study of adults undergoing bariatric surgery (2006‐2009), changes in Short Form 36 mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores were examined in 1,529 patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable band, or sleeve gastrectomy and were followed for 5 years. Piecewise linear mixed‐effects models estimated MCS and PCS scores as a function of insurance group (Medicaid, N = 177; commercial, N = 1,352) from 0 to 1 year and from 1 to 5 years after surgery, with interactions between insurance group and surgery type.ResultsPatients with Medicaid had lower PCS and MCS scores at baseline. At 1 year after surgery, patients with Medicaid and commercial insurance experienced similar improvement in PCS scores (commercial‐Medicaid difference in PCS change [95% CI]: Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, 1.5 [−0.2, 3.3]; laparoscopic adjustable band, 1.9 [−2.2, 6.0]; sleeve gastrectomy, 6.4 [0.0, 12.8]). One‐year MCS score improvement was minimal and similar between insurance groups. In years 1 to 5, PCS and MCS scores were stable in all groups.ConclusionsBoth insurance groups experienced improvements in physical HRQOL and minimal changes in mental HRQOL.
Capacities of Z‐pinning in improving the bending performance of composite T‐joints
Authors: Li Mengjia , Chen Puhui , Li Xiping , Zheng Jiajia , Dong Weiping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe capacities of Z‐pinning in improving the bending performance of composite T‐joints were examined experimentally and numerically. It was found that Z‐pinning was not effective in enhancing the maximum bending load capacities of the T‐joints. Delamination at the interfaces of flange/filler, flange/flange, flange/skin, in the arc‐flange, as well as the fracture of the upper corner of the filler was observed. Among those failure patterns, the notorious delamination formed in the arc‐flange assumed the main responsibility of the disability of Z‐pinning in enhancing the maximum bending load capacity. Despite this, Z‐pinning was found to be highly effective in improving the residual plateau load‐carrying capacities of the T‐joints and the maximum bending displacement could also be dramatically increased, making the T‐joint maintain considerable bending load capacity under large deformation and preventing the T‐joint from catastrophe failure once the maximum bending load was attained.
Genetic cancer risk assessment: A screenshot of the psychosocial profile of women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
Authors: Campacci Natalia , de Campos Reis Galvão Henrique , Garcia Lucas F. , Ribeiro Paula C. , Grasel Rebeca S. , Goldim José R. , Ashton‐Prolla Patrícia , Palmero Edenir I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of information describing Brazilian women at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) who undergo genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA). This study aims to characterize the psychosocial profile of women at risk for HBOC at their first GCRA to obtain an overview of their families’ profiles and the challenges of the oncogenetics setting.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in which interviews were conducted with 83 cancer‐affected women at their first GRCA appointment after the pedigree draw. Tools to evaluate psychological outcomes were applied. The pedigree genogram and ecomap were constructed and analyzed with content analysis using the “life course perspective” theory.ResultsIndividuals perceived their breast/ovarian cancer risk to be equal to that of the general population, although they were highly concerned about developing cancer. No evidence of anxiety or depressive symptoms was identified. Participants used the coping strategy of searching for religiosity. The genograms and ecomaps resulted in five major themes: support and social support; attitudes, feelings and emotions; cancer causes; communication; and relationships with relatives. Individuals between 20‐29 years of age and those with no family history of cancer tended not to communicate with relatives, which may indicate future problems in the GCRA process regarding genetic testing.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that knowing the families who undergo the GCRA process can help professionals provide more individualized and thorough attention during GCRA and genetic testing, which results in better follow‐up and prevention strategies.
Index Formulae for Line Bundle Cohomology on Complex Surfaces
Authors: Brodie Callum R. , Constantin Andrei , Deen Rehan , Lukas Andre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe conjecture and prove closed‐form index expressions for the cohomology dimensions of line bundles on del Pezzo and Hirzebruch surfaces. Further, for all compact toric surfaces we provide a simple algorithm which allows expression of any line bundle cohomology in terms of an index. These formulae follow from general theorems we prove for a wider class of surfaces. In particular, we construct a map that takes any effective line bundle to a nef line bundle while preserving the zeroth cohomology dimension. For complex surfaces, these results explain the appearance of piecewise polynomial equations for cohomology and they are a first step towards understanding similar formulae recently obtained for Calabi‐Yau three‐folds.
Almost fault‐tolerant tracking
Authors: Stefanovski Jovan D. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA new formulation of the problem of almost fault‐tolerant perfect tracking in presence of disturbances is presented, and necessary and sufficient existence conditions are found, as well as a controller, which consists of a feedback block and two feedforward blocks. The feedback block is aimed for almost disturbance and fault decoupling, and the feedforward blocks are aimed for almost perfect tracking. A two‐step control design procedure such that the feedback block is designed independently of the feedforward blocks is presented. In order to simplify the necessary and sufficient existence conditions, as well as to present a physical interpretation of the existence conditions, the dimension of disturbance and fault vectors is reduced. In order to find a feedback controller, the physical interpretation of the existence conditions is used so that the four‐block‐type problem is transformed to a two‐block‐type problem. Examples are given, which illustrate that the controller of the article is practically realizable.
Discrete‐time sector based hands‐off control for nonlinear system
Authors: Sachan Ankit , Kamal Shyam , Olaru Sorin , Singh Devender , Xiong Xiaogang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article presents a hands‐off control design for discrete‐time nonlinear system with a special type of nonlinear sector termed as “discrete‐time sector.” The design method to define the boundary of a discrete‐time sector is done with control‐Lyapunov function. The generalization of nonlinear system is viewed in the perspective of a comparison function. By means of a proposed sector, a switching control is designed such that no control action is experienced inside the sector thus, saving unnecessary control efforts. However, to study the robustness for discrete‐time system, a hands‐off control is modified to ensure the monotonic decrease in the energy of the system. Finally, the proposed approach is verified with the simulation results.
Influence of habitat heterogeneity and bed surface complexity on benthic invertebrate diversity in a gravel‐bed river
Authors: Béjar María , Gibbins Chris , Vericat Damià , Batalla Ramon J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaintaining or restoring physical habitat diversity is a central tenet of sustainable river management, yet a link between habitat and ecological diversity in fluvial systems has long remained equivocal. The lack of consistent evidence partly reflects the problems of characterizing habitat in ways that are ecologically meaningful. This paper assesses the influence of habitat heterogeneity and complexity on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a mountain gravel‐bed river. With the use of 0.1‐m resolution data obtained from an acoustic Doppler current profiler, heterogeneity and complexity in hydraulic conditions and bed topography were characterized using 13 metrics applied to 30 areas, each 1 m2, with an invertebrate sample collected from each area. Turnover of invertebrate taxa (i.e., β‐diversity) between sampled areas was rather limited, but observed differences in diversity were related significantly to several metrics of habitat heterogeneity. Invertebrate abundance was related to habitat diversity, patch size coefficient of variation, and patch size, whereas the Shannon diversity was related to the number of patches and patch size. None of the habitat complexity metrics accounted for a significant amount of observed variation in invertebrate communities between sampled areas. The paper demonstrates that high‐resolution data can help reveal relationships between habitat and benthic invertebrate diversity.