bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAS and GMS utility in dermatopathology: Review of the current medical literature
Authors: Shalin Sara C. , Ferringer Tammie , Cassarino David S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe American Society of Dermatopathology has established an Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee with the intention of establishing evidence‐based recommendations regarding the appropriateness of various ancillary tests commonly utilized by dermatopathologists. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott (or Gomori) methenamine silver (GMS) stains represent some of the most commonly employed ancillary tests in dermatopathology. The utility of these tests was targeted for evaluation by the AUC. This literature review represents a comprehensive evaluation of available evidence for the utility of PAS and/or GMS staining of skin and nail biopsies. In concert with expert opinion, these data will be incorporated into future recommendations by the AUC for PAS and GMS staining in routine dermatopathology practice.
Outsourcing under Competition and Scale Economies: When to Choose a Competitor as a Supplier
Authors: Heese Hans Sebastian , Kemahlıoğlu‐Ziya Eda , Perdikaki Olga 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn highly competitive industries, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) increasingly outsource production to reduce costs. We study an OEM's outsourcing decision between a third‐party supplier and a vertically integrated firm that manufactures in house and competes with the OEM in the consumer market (i.e., an integrated competitor). Our setting explicitly considers two important aspects of the sourcing decision. First, we capture the competition between the two sourcing alternatives through interdependent repeated bilateral wholesale‐price negotiations in which the negotiating parties' disagreement payoffs are endogenous. Specifically, in the negotiation between the OEM and either supplier, the negotiating parties' disagreement payoffs are given by the profits that would result if the OEM sourced from the other supplier. Second, we capture the economies of scale involved with production in that either supplier derives positive externalities from increasing his total production quantity. We show that, for given wholesale prices—counter to intuition—it is not optimal for the OEM to always choose the supplier offering the lower wholesale price. In the absence of either competition or economies of scale, the OEM always simply prefers the source with the lower wholesale price. However, in the presence of both economies of scale and competition in the focal market, the OEM may be better off sourcing from the third‐party supplier even at a higher wholesale price. When equilibrium wholesale prices are determined through simultaneous bilateral negotiations between the OEM and the two potential suppliers, sourcing from the integrated competitor might be more profitable when scale economies are strong and competition is weak. We investigate the robustness of our findings and find that our structural results continue to hold for several model relaxations and extensions. We also show that in the absence of restrictive capacity constraints, the OEM always prefers sourcing exclusively from one of the suppliers to dual sourcing. Our findings demonstrate the importance for managers to account for both the extent of scale economies and the competitive dynamics in the consumer market when deciding their supply mode.
Lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL in participants with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of 6‐month phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Danne Thomas , Matsuhisa Munehide , Sussebach Christian , Goyeau Harmonie , Lauand Felipe , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Bolli Geremia B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere hypoglycaemia (SH) remains a challenge to people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and new‐generation basal insulins may improve patient outcomes. This post hoc meta‐analysis explored the risk of SH with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) versus glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100) in a pooled population with T1DM from three randomized, multicentre, 6‐month similarly designed phase 3 trials: EDITION 4, EDITION JP 1 and EDITION JUNIOR. Endpoints included incidence and time to first occurrence of SH. Among 629 and 626 participants randomized to Gla‐300 and Gla‐100, respectively, glycated haemoglobin reductions were similar. Fewer participants experienced ≥1 SH event with Gla‐300 (6.2%) than with Gla‐100 (9.3%). From baseline to month 6, the risk of a first SH event was lower with Gla‐300: hazard ratio 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.98; stratified log‐rank test P = 0.038]. SH event rates were numerically lower with Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 from baseline to month 6 [relative risk (RR) 0.80 (95% CI 0.49–1.29); P = 0.356] and baseline to week 8 [RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.37–1.44); P = 0.369]. Thus, Gla‐300 demonstrated similar glycaemic control with lower risk of SH versus Gla‐100, particularly during the titration period.
Determining Optimal Skillsets for Business Managers Based on Local and Global Job Markets: A Text Analytics Approach
Authors: Nasir Murtaza , Dag Ali , Young William A. , Delen Dursun 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe are experiencing a significant shift in management practices—moving from intuition, experience, and gut‐feeling driven decision‐making to one that is driven by data, evidence, and computational sciences. This shift, which is often called theanalytics revolution, is not only changing the business landscape from a practical perspective but also redefining the white‐collar job market. The goal of this study is to employ a data‐ and analytics‐driven approach to analyze a large and feature‐rich dataset (which is composed of the recent job postings and the extant published literature) to characterize the state of the current business job market, especially to magnify the analytics related features and expectations including the geographic (i.e., local vs. global) differentiators. Using several graphical and tabular representations, in this paper we report on our thought‐provoking findings that collectively illustrate the changing face of knowledge, skills, and abilities required by the current local and global business job markets.
From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior
Authors: Lathe Richard , St. Clair David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA diversity of bacteria, protozoans and viruses (“endozoites”) were recently uncovered within healthy tissues including the human brain. By contrast, it was already recognized a century ago that healthy plants tissues contain abundant endogenous microbes (“endophytes”). Taking endophytes as an informative precedent, we overview the nature, prevalence, and role of endozoites in mammalian tissues, centrally focusing on the brain, concluding that endozoites are ubiquitous in diverse tissues. These passengers often remain subclinical, but they are not silent. We address their routes of entry, mechanisms of persistence, tissue specificity, and potential to cause long‐term behavioral changes and/or immunosuppression in mammals, where rabies virus is the exemplar. We extend the discussion to Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, and Toxoplasma, as well as to diverse bacteria and yeasts, and debate the advantages and disadvantages that endozoite infection might afford to the host and to the ecosystem. We provide a clinical perspective in which endozoites are implicated in neurodegenerative disease, anxiety/depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that endozoites are instrumental in the delicate balance between health and disease, including age‐related brain disease, and that endozoites have played an important role in the evolution of brain function and human behavior.
Comparison of maize, permanent cup plant and a perennial grass mixture with regard to soil and water protection
Authors: Grunwald Dennis , Panten Kerstin , Schwarz Andreas , Bischoff Wolf‐Anno , Schittenhelm Siegfried 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural production of biogas maize (Zea mays L.) causes hazards to aquatic ecosystems through high levels of nitrogen (N) inputs. Newly introduced and already established perennial crops such as the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and perennial grass mixtures offer the possibility of more environmentally friendly agricultural bioenergy production. The objectives of this field study were to quantify and compare soil mineral N, water infiltration, water runoff, soil erosion and N leaching under maize, permanent cup plant, and a perennial grass mixture. The study was conducted from October 2016 to March 2019 in Braunschweig, Germany. Plots with cup plant and grass mixture exhibited lower mineral N contents than maize, especially between 30 and 90 cm soil depth. Soil water infiltration was significantly different between the three crops. The grass mixture had the highest infiltration rates (6.2 mm/min averaged across 3 years), followed by cup plant (3.6 mm/min) and maize (0.9 mm/min). During wet periods, higher N leaching was found for maize (up to 42 kg N ha−1 year−1) than for cup plant (up to 5 kg N ha−1 year−1) or the grass mixture (up to 11 kg N ha−1 year−1). While runoff and erosion for cup plant and the grass mixture were negligible during the study period, considerable amounts of runoff water and eroded sediment of up to 1.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 were collected from the maize plots despite the near flat terrain of the experimental field. Overall, permanent cup plant proved suitable as a component for energy cropping systems to reduce the risk of N leaching and soil erosion, which is particularly important for the preventive flood protection in view of the more frequent occurrence of high intensity rainfall under climate change conditions.
“No queers out there”? Metronormativity and the queer suburban
Authors: Podmore Julie A. , Bain Alison L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite past projects to “decentre” metronormativity—a societal bias toward queer urban imaginings—in geographical scholarship, attention to suburbia has been limited due, in part, to reliance upon, and reinforcement of, an urban–rural binary that disqualifies the metropolitan periphery. This paper unpacks this binary by reviewing key themes at the intersections of the queer and suburban within the subfields of geographies of sexualities and queer geographies. It begins by outlining the American metronormativities critique and evaluating the claim that the “non‐metropolitan” should be the primary arena for unsettling the queer urban. Four key themes from the Anglo‐American‐Australian literature on the queer suburban are then surveyed: suburbanization processes, suburban relocations, suburban “ways of life,” and suburban home‐making. Having evaluated the current state of the subfield, the paper concludes by pointing to the possibilities of the queer suburban for future urban geography and geographies of LGBTQ+ sexualities scholarship.
Histopathological analysis of autoimmune hepatitis with “acute” presentation: Differentiation from drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Tsutsui Akemi , Harada Kenichi , Tsuneyama Koichi , Nguyen Canh Hiep , Ando Midori , Nakamura Satoko , Mizobuchi Koichi , Baba Nobuyuki , Senoh Tomonori , Nagano Takuya , Shibata Hiroshi , Aoki Tomoko , Takaguchi Koichi 
Published: June 2020

AimPresently, no standardized definition or acceptable diagnostic criteria have been established for acute presentation of autoimmune hepatitis (AP‐AIH), making it difficult to differentiate that condition from drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). This study aimed to characterize clinical and histological features for distinguishing between AP‐AIH and DILI.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics of AP‐AIH and DILI in clinically well‐characterized cases were compared in a standardized manner to clarify differences.ResultsIn clinical evaluations, immunoglobulin G level and rate of anti‐nuclear antibody positivity were greater in AP‐AIH than DILI cases. As for diagnosis of each condition, significant (P < 0.01) differences were found for 10 features: lobular necrosis/inflammation, cobblestone appearance of hepatocytes, plasma cell infiltration in liver parenchyma, centrilobular fibrosis, hepatic rosette formation in areas with cobblestone appearance, portal inflammation, interface hepatitis, prominent plasma cells in portal areas, bile duct injury, and hepatic rosette formation in periportal areas. The area under the curve and cut‐off values for the combination of these 10 features were 0.95 and 9 (sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%), respectively.ConclusionCombinations of histological features were found to be helpful for differentiating AP‐AIH from DILI, but we were not able to statistically identify an individual feature as definitive.
KOSELLECK ON MODERNITY, HISTORIK, AND LAYERS OF TIME
Authors: HELLERMA JUHAN 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn the scholarly reception of his work, Reinhart Koselleck's notion of modernity and his theory of multiple times have been cast as essentially at odds with each other. This article argues that although these positions are valid, Koselleck's writings can also accommodate an interpretation according to which the theory of multiple temporalities, or “layers of time,” provides theoretical ground for the modern understanding of time and history. Elaborating on this insight, the article shows the linkages sustaining the unity between Koselleck's formal theory of multiple times and his interpretation of modernity. To that end, I outline the main premises of the temporalization thesis that lies at the heart of Koselleck's theory of modernity, scrutinize his notion of Historik within which the framework “layers of time” belongs, and explore Niklas Olsen's and Helge Jordheim's interpretive accounts on how to conceive of the relationship between the two strands in Koselleck's thought. Ultimately, I argue that “layers of time” entails the formal conditions for historical acceleration, which is crucial for explaining the emergence of a specifically modern temporality wherein experience and expectation increasingly grow apart.
BLOOD FOR THE GHOSTS: READING RUIN'S BEING WITH THE DEAD WITH NIETZSCHE
Authors: Babich Babette 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTA focus on roots, localizations, usurpations, and obliterations together with commemoration and different fields of scholarly research, along with a thematic focus on Homer's Nykia, permit Hans Ruin to revisit the foundations of history in Being with the Dead. Ruin draws on cultural sociology, including the work of Alfred Schütz, as well as Heideggerian historicity and the dead of the distant past, including archaeology and ethnography, paleography and physical anthropology. Ruin also engages Michel de Certeau's Writing of History and its focus on the other in a necropolitical account tracked through interdisciplinary fields. In my reading I supplement Ruin's critical focus on Homer scholarship beyond the twentieth century with a return to Nietzsche's nineteenth‐century emphasis on the “blood” needed to bring the voices of the past to speak in his own reading of Homer. To do this, I note the dead‐silenced (“zombie”) scholarship haunting Nietzsche's voice in his field of classical philology in addition to Nietzsche's source scholarship and his hermeneutic methodology of historiographical research for the sake of ethnography, archaeology, and Nietzsche's lectures on pre‐Platonic philosophy.
Facile synthesis of tubular magnetic carbon nanofibers by hypercrosslinked polymer design for microwave adsorption
Authors: Wang Jiqi , Wu Fei , Cui Yuhong , Chen Junjie , Zhang Aibo , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Baoliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simple and efficient method for fabrication of tubular magnetic carbon nanofibers (TMCF) has been developed. Firstly, tubular polymer nanofiber precursors are synthesized by confined self‐condensation method. After carbonization of polymer and in situ transformation of FeCl3 at high temperature, TMCF loaded with Fe nanoparticles is obtained. It has been found that carbonization temperature has significant effects on conductivity, specific surface area, pore volume, defects number in carbon component, and magnetic content of TMCF. The influence of composition, structure, and filler content on microwave absorption properties is revealed. Meanwhile, the microwave absorption mechanism has been analyzed in depth, which benefits from the designed unique structure. The TMCF obtained at 700°C exhibited best performance with the filler content of 15%. The minimum reflection loss is −47.33 dB@2.2 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth is 6.5 GHz (RL < 10 dB), and the matching frequency is 14.1 GHz. The obtained TMCF is lightweight and possess excellent microwave absorption ability, which can be widely used as highly efficient microwave absorber.
Broadband deep‐red‐to‐near‐infrared emission from Mn2+ in strong crystal‐field of nitride MgAlSiN3
Authors: Liu Shengqiang , Zhang Shiyou , Mao Ning , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have received increasing attention for fabricating phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) as NIR light source. Most of the reported broadband NIR phosphors originate from Cr3+ in weak crystal field environments. Herein, we report a luminescent material, MgAlSiN3:Mn2+ with CaAlSiN3‐type structure, demonstrating that broadband deep‐red‐to‐NIR emission can be achieved via doping Mn2+ into crystallographic sites with strong crystal field in inorganic solids. This phosphor is synthesized via easy‐handle solid‐state reaction, and the optimized sample, (Mg0.93Mn0.07) AlSiN3 shows an emission band with peak at ~754 nm, FWHM of 150 nm, and internal quantum efficiency of 70.1%. The photoluminescence intensity can further be enhanced by co‐doping Eu2+ as sensitizer. This work provides a new strategy for discovering new broadband NIR phosphors using Mn2+ in strong crystal field as luminescence center.
SIRT2 suppresses expression of inflammatory factors via Hsp90‐glucocorticoid receptor signalling
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Xuan , Fang Na , Xu Ao , lin Yao , Zhao Xiaofang , Nazarali Adil J. , Ji Shaoping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSIRT2 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that deacetylates a diverse array of protein substrates and is involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inflammation. However, its precise role in the inflammatory process has not completely been elucidated. Here, we identify heat‐shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) as novel substrate of SIRT2. Functional investigation suggests that Hsp90 is deacetylated by SIRT2, such that overexpression and knock‐down of SIRT2 altered the acetylation level of Hsp90. This subsequently resulted in disassociation of Hsp90 with glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and translocation of GR to the nucleus. This observation was further confirmed by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)‐driven reporter assay. Nuclear translocation of GR induced by SIRT2 overexpression repressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were even more prominent under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, SIRT2 knock‐down resulted in the up‐regulation of cytokine expression. Mutation analysis indicated that deacetylation of Hsp90 at K294 is critical for SIRT2‐mediated regulation of cytokine expression. These data suggest that SIRT2 reduces the extent of LPS‐induced inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors via SIRT2‐Hsp90‐GR axis.
Diet intake control is indispensable for the gluconeogenic response to sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in male mice
Authors: Hashiuchi Emi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Kimura Kumi , Matsumoto Michihiro , Inoue Hiroshi , Inaba Yuka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) lowers blood glucose and causes a whole‐body energy deficit by boosting renal glucose excretion, thus affecting glucose and energy metabolism. This energy deficit not only decreases bodyweight, but also increases food intake. This food intake increase offsets the SGLT2i‐induced bodyweight decrease, but the effect of the food intake increase on the SGLT2i regulation of glucose metabolism remains unclear.Materials and MethodsWe administered SGLT2i (luseogliflozin) for 4 weeks to hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme gene G6pc reporter mice with/without obesity, which were either fed freely or under a 3‐hourly dietary regimen. The effect of feeding condition on the gluconeogenic response to SGLT2i was evaluated by plasma Gaussia luciferase activity, an index of the hepatic gluconeogenic response, in G6pc reporter mice. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry.ResultsIn the lean mice under controlled feeding, SGLT2i decreased bodyweight and plasma glucose, and increased the hepatic gluconeogenic response while decreasing blood insulin. SGLT2i also increased oxygen consumption under controlled feeding. However, free feeding negated all of these effects of SGLT2i. In the obese mice, SGLT2i decreased bodyweight, blood glucose and plasma insulin, ameliorated the upregulated hepatic gluconeogenic response, and increased oxygen consumption under controlled feeding. Under free feeding, although blood glucose was decreased and plasma insulin tended to decrease, the effects of SGLT2i – decreased bodyweight, alleviation of the hepatic gluconeogenic response and increased oxygen consumption – were absent.ConclusionsFood intake management is crucial for SGLT2i to affect glucose and energy metabolism during type 2 diabetes treatment.
Myosin heavy chain isoforms in the myocardium of the atrioventricular junction of Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes)
Authors: López‐Unzu Miguel A. , Soto‐Navarrete María Teresa , Sans‐Coma Valentín , Fernández Borja , Durán Ana Carmen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe atrioventricular junction of the fish heart, namely the segment interposed between the single atrium and the single ventricle, has been studied anatomically and histologically in several chondrichthyan and teleost species. Nonetheless, knowledge about myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in the atrioventricular myocardium remains scarce. The present report is the first one to provide data on the MyHC isoform distribution in the myocardium of the atrioventricular junction in chondrichthyans, specifically in the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, a shark species whose heart reflects the primitive cardiac anatomical design in gnathostomes. Hearts from five dogfish were examined using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The anti‐MyHC A4.1025 antibody was used to detect differences in the occurrence of MyHC isoforms in the dogfish, as the fast‐twitch isoforms MYH2 and MYH6 have a higher affinity for this antibody than the slow‐twitch isoforms MYH7 and MYH7B. The histochemical findings show that myocardium of the atrioventricular junction connects the trabeculated myocardium of the atrium with the trabeculated layer of the ventricular myocardium. The immunohistochemical results indicate that the distribution of MyHC isoforms in the atrioventricular junction is not homogeneous. The atrial portion of the atrioventricular myocardium shows a positive reactivity against the A4.1025 antibody similar to that of the atrial myocardium. In contrast, the ventricular portion of the atrioventricular junction is not labelled, as is the case with the ventricular myocardium. This dual condition suggests that the myocardium of the atrioventricular junction has two contraction patterns: the myocardium of the atrial portion contracts in line with the atrial myocardium, whereas that of the ventricular portion follows the contraction pattern of the ventricular myocardium. Thus, the transition of the contraction wave from the atrium to the ventricle may be established in the atrioventricular segment because of its heterogeneous MyHC isoform distribution. The findings support the hypothesis that a distinct MyHC isoform distribution in the atrioventricular myocardium enables a synchronous contraction of inflow and outflow cardiac segments in vertebrates lacking a specialized cardiac conduction system.