bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid culture‐based detection of Legionella pneumophila using isothermal microcalorimetry with an improved evaluation method
Authors: Fricke Christian , Xu Juan , Jiang Feng‐Lei , Liu Yi , Harms Hauke , Maskow Thomas 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila (responsible for legionnaire's disease) in water samples can be achieved by various methods. However, the culture‐based ISO 11731:2017, which is based on counts of colony‐forming units per ml (CFU·ml‐1) is still the gold standard for quantification of Legionella species (spp.). As a powerful alternative, we propose real‐time monitoring of the growth of L. pneumophila using an isothermal microcalorimeter (IMC). Our results demonstrate that, depending on the initial concentration of L. pneumophila, detection times of 24–48 h can be reliably achieved. IMC may, therefore, be used as an early warning system for L. pneumophila contamination. By replacing only visual detection of growth by a thermal sensor, but otherwise maintaining the standardized protocol of the ISO 11731:2017, the new procedure could easily be incorporated into existing standards. The exact determination of the beginning of metabolic heat is often very difficult because at the beginning of the calorimetric signal the thermal stabilization and the metabolic heat development overlap. Here, we propose a new data evaluation based on the first derivation of the heat flow signal. The improved evaluation method can further reduce detection times and significantly increase the reliability of the IMC approach.
Deterioration of hematopoietic autophagy is linked to osteoporosis
Authors: Yuan Ye , Fang Yixuan , Zhu Lingjiang , Gu Yue , Li Lei , Qian Jiawei , Zhao Ruijin , Zhang Peng , Li Jian , Zhang Hui , Yuan Na , Zhang Suping , Ma Quanhong , Wang Jianrong , Xu Youjia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHematopoietic disorders are known to increase the risk of complications such as osteoporosis. However, a direct link between hematopoietic cellular disorders and osteoporosis has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the deterioration of hematopoietic autophagy is coupled with osteoporosis in humans. With a conditional mouse model in which autophagy in the hematopoietic system is disrupted by deletion of the Atg7 gene, we show that incapacitating hematopoietic autophagy causes bone loss and perturbs osteocyte homeostasis. Induction of osteoporosis, either by ovariectomy, which blocks estrogen secretion, or by injection of ferric ammonium citrate to induce iron overload, causes dysfunction in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) similar to that found in autophagy‐defective mice. Transcriptomic analysis of HSPCs suggests promotion of iron activity and inhibition of osteocyte differentiation and calcium metabolism by hematopoietic autophagy defect, while proteomic profiling of bone tissue proteins indicates disturbance of the extracellular matrix pathway that includes collagen family members. Finally, screening for expression of selected genes and an immunohistological assay identifies severe impairments in H vessels in the bone tissue, which results in disconnection of osteocytes from hematopoietic cells in the autophagy‐defective mice. We therefore propose that hematopoietic autophagy is required for the integrity of H vessels that bridge blood and bone cells and that its deterioration leads to osteoporosis.
An L‐shaped flap for the correction of pincer nail deformity: A case report
Authors: Huang Chao , Zhao Ying , Guo Wenlai , Yu Min , Li Rui , Zhu Zhe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPincer nail deformity is characterised by an excessive transverse curvature of the nail plate that increases along the longitudinal axis of the nail. Although various corrective techniques have been described, there is, no consensus regarding the optimal correction method. We report a novel surgical technique for correcting pincer nail deformity in a 45‐year‐old male with bilateral omega‐shaped pincer nail deformity of the great toes. The nail matrix on the side showing the more severe curvature was removed, and a flattened nail bed was achieved after suturing. An L‐shaped skin and subcutaneous tissue flap was also created 5 mm from the junction between the side of the nail with the milder curvature and the distal nail fold. After healing, the pincer nail deformity was successfully eliminated. At the 1‐year follow‐up, recurrence was not observed and the appearance of toes was satisfactory. This novel surgical technique is simple, minimises damage to the surrounding tissue, avoids injuring the nail bed blood supply and has few postoperative complications.
Corneal wavefront aberrations and subjective quality of vision after small incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Siedlecki Jakob , Schmelter Valerie , Schworm Benedikt , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Dirisamer Martin , Luft Nikolaus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo analyse in depth the associations between objectively measured corneal higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) and subjectively perceived visual quality after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) as quantified with the standardized and clinically validated quality of vision (QOV) questionnaire.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included patients after bilateral simultaneous SMILE for the treatment of myopia and/or myopic astigmatism with plano target refraction. Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to objectively quantify corneal HOAs. The standardized and validated QOV questionnaire was employed to gauge patients’ subjectively perceived visual quality regarding frequency, severity and bothering effect of visual disturbances.ResultsA total of 394 eyes of 197 patients with a mean age of 32.4 ± 7.7 years and a mean postoperative follow‐up of 24.3 ± 14.1 months were included. SMILE induced a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in spherical aberration (0.074 ± 0.131 µm), coma (0.142 ± 0.179 µm), trefoil (0.018 ± 0.067 µm) as well as in total HOAs (0.191 ± 0.176 µm). Surgically induced and postoperative levels of HOA showed no correlation with the three QOV scores representative of overall visual symptom frequency, severity and bothering effect (all R2 values ≤ 0.016). In addition, the associations between specific visual symptoms (e.g. starburst) and singular HOA terms (e.g. haloes) were very weak (all Rho values ≤ 0.164).ConclusionsSmall incision lenticule extraction induced significant amounts of corneal HOAs that, however, showed no clear relationships to patient‐reported QOV or specific long‐term visual symptoms.
Resting state networks activity in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Bellani Marcella , Bontempi Pietro , Zovetti Niccolò , Gloria Rossetti Maria , Perlini Cinzia , Dusi Nicola , Squarcina Letizia , Marinelli Veronica , Zoccatelli Giada , Alessandrini Franco , Francesca Maria Ciceri Elisa , Sbarbati Andrea , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition causing shifts in mood, energy and activity levels severely altering the quality of life of the patients even in the euthymic phase. Although widely accepted, the neurobiological bases of the disorder in the euthymic phase remain elusive. This study aims at characterizing resting state functional activity of the BD euthymic phase in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and build future neurobiological models.MethodsFifteen euthymic BD patients (10 females; mean age 40.2; standard deviation 13.5; range 20–61) and 27 healthy controls (HC) (21 females; mean age 37; standard deviation 10.6; range 22–60) underwent a 3T functional MRI scan at rest. Resting state activity was extracted through independent component analysis (ICA) run with automatic dimensionality estimation.ResultsICA identified 22 resting state networks (RSNs). Within‐network analysis revealed decreased connectivity in the visual, temporal, motor and cerebellar RSNs of BD patients vs HC. Between‐network analysis showed increased connectivity between motor area and the default mode network (DMN) partially overlapping with the fronto‐parietal network (FPN) in BD patients.ConclusionWithin‐network analysis confirmed existing evidence of altered cerebellar, temporal, motor and visual networks in BD. Increased connectivity between the DMN and the motor area network suggests the presence of alterations of the fronto‐parietal regions, precuneus and cingulate cortex in the euthymic condition. These findings indicate that specific connectivity alterations might persist even in the euthymic state suggesting the importance of examining both within and between‐network connectivity to achieve a global understanding of the BD euthymic condition.
Can drawings facilitate symbolic understanding of figurative language in children?
Authors: Allen Melissa L. , Butler Harriet 
Published: March 2020

Understanding figurative language develops during middle childhood. Drawing can facilitate recall and may aid other aspects of linguistic expression. We examined whether children provide more symbolic interpretations of figurative statements in drawings relative to verbal explanations, and whether drawing facilitates overall symbolic interpretation. Ninety‐six children were split into three age groups (5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 years) in a between‐subjects design. In the ‘draw‐first’ condition, they were asked to depict then explain figurative statements (e.g., raining like cats and dogs), and in the ‘explain‐first’ condition, children were asked to explain before drawing. We coded for symbolic or literal content. Overall, children provided more symbolic responses for verbal explanations compared to drawings, with a developmental increase. More symbolic responses occurred in the ‘draw‐first’ condition compared to other task by condition combinations, suggesting drawing can facilitate subsequent symbolic verbal explanation. We discuss the links between drawings, figurative language, and development.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Understanding figurative language such as metaphor develops during childhood.Drawing has been shown to aid recall and may aid other aspects of linguistic expression.What the present study adds?Drawing figurative expressions facilitates subsequent symbolic verbal explanations.Children provide more symbolic interpretations in verbal explanations compared to drawings.There is a developmental progression in these abilities.
Quantitative evaluation of connective tissue grafts on peri‐implant tissue morphology in the esthetic zone: A 1‐year prospective clinical study
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoyuki , Nakano Tamaki , Ono Shinji , Matsumura Atsushi , Yamada Shuhei , Yatani Hirofumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the treatment of anterior implants, few studies have quantitatively evaluated the effects of connective tissue grafts on labial bone resorption and soft tissue recession.PurposeTo evaluate the influence of connective tissue grafting (CTG) on the peri‐implant tissue morphology by quantitatively measuring change over time the tissue surrounding the implant in the anterior esthetic zone.Material and MethodsTwenty‐six patients who received implants with platform shifting in the anterior esthetic region were included in this follow‐up study. Patients were classified as those who received CTG [CTG (+) group] and those who did not [CTG (−) group]. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the buccal alveolar bone of the implant and its surrounding soft tissues were evaluated using cone‐beam computed tomography.ResultsAt 1 year after connection of the superstructure, labial soft tissue recession was on average 0.64 mm in the CTG (−) group and 0.09 mm in the CTG (+) group, and this difference was significant (P < .001). Furthermore, mean labial bone resorption was 0.65 mm in the CTG (−) group and 0.13 mm in the CTG (+) group, and also this difference was significant (P = .003).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, these findings suggest that CTG may be effective in both reducing labial bone resorption around the implant and reducing the recession of the soft tissue.
Metals in used and unused metalworking fluids: X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry as a screening test
Authors: Alinaghi Farzad , Hedberg Yolanda S. , Zachariae Claus , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundExposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs) is a well‐known cause of occupational contact dermatitis.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) determine the amount of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in large samples of used and unused MWFs collected from metalworking plants in Denmark, and (2) evaluate a handheld x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) device as a screening instrument for metals in MWFs.MethodsA handheld XRF device was used to screen for metals in MWFs. All samples were also analyzed for concentrations of nickel, chromium, and cobalt using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS).ResultsGFAAS analysis showed that 13 of 80 samples (16.3%) contained >1 mg/kg (ppm) nickel (range: 6.4‐17.7 mg/kg), 3 of 80 (3.8%) contained >1 (range: 1.4‐3.1) mg/kg chromium, and 1 of 80 (1.3%) contained 1.3 mg/kg cobalt. XRF‐screening detected nickel in eight samples (range: 2.5‐15.5 mg/kg), but only one sample with 3.0 (±0.5) mg/kg was found subsequently to contain 9.9 (0.02) mg/kg nickel by GFAAS. Although no chromium was found by XRF analysis, cobalt was found in two samples with 6 (±1.5) mg/kg and 5 (±1.5) mg/kg, subsequently found to contain 0.1 (±0.01) mg/kg and 0.08 (±0.01) mg/kg by GFAAS. Similar concentrations of nickel were found in used (N = 6, range: 6.4‐17.7 mg/kg) and unused MWFs (N = 7, range: 9.1‐17.3 mg/kg).ConclusionConsiderable levels of nickel, chromium, and cobalt were found in some used and unused MWFs indicating that these might represent a source of metal allergy. The XRF device is a poor screening test for these metals in MWFs.
A comprehensive study of nickel levels in everyday items in Brazil
Authors: Pavesi Thelma , Moreira Josino C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNickel is a ubiquitous element used in many everyday items. In recent decades nickel has become a leading allergen, which has become a public health problem.ObjectiveTo evaluate frequently used nickel products in Brazil. We investigated if these objects release nickel that is capable of inducing sensitization or cause clinical manifestations in terms of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).MethodsDimethylglyoxime (DMG) spot tests assessed nickel release from several common utensils used in everyday life in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ResultsWe tested 46 coins (two denominations) and 90 common utensils. Approximately 91.1% produced nickel‐positive results using the DMG spot test.ConclusionsThe DMG limit of detection was 1.67 ppm of nickel. We observed that many objects in our test series released nickel above the DMG test limit. This observation suggests that nickel‐sensitive individuals may be exposed to nickel, representing a public health issue.
Methamphetamine use, health and criminal justice system outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Cumming Craig , Kinner Stuart A. , McKetin Rebecca , Li Ian , Preen David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIssuesMethamphetamine use is a problem for health and criminal justice systems (CJS) worldwide. Methamphetamine is used at higher rates in CJS‐involved populations than the general community. This systematic review synthesises the evidence for health and CJS outcomes post‐CJS contact for people reporting pre‐CJS methamphetamine use.ApproachAcademic databases were searched to identify peer‐reviewed original studies using a longitudinal design that investigated associations between pre‐CJS methamphetamine use and health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact. Identified studies were screened in two stages: title and abstract, then full‐text. Data from the included studies were extracted and analysed. Results are reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement.Key FindingsNine studies met the inclusion criteria: five investigated health and four investigated CJS outcomes. Pre‐CJS methamphetamine use was associated with subsequent hospitalisation for drug‐induced psychosis, increased risk of recidivism and higher crime costs after CJS contact. Pre‐CJS methamphetamine use was not associated with subsequent hospitalisation for non‐drug induced psychosis or post‐release mortality.ImplicationsCurrent evidence suggests that pre‐CJS contact methamphetamine use increases the risk of subsequent drug‐induced psychosis and recidivism. There is a need for more longitudinal research that measures mediators and moderators of health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact, to inform targeted prevention.ConclusionMethamphetamine use is a major problem that is contributing to serious mental illness and recidivism among CJS‐involved populations. Prioritising treatment during CJS contact is recommended. Further research to identify key opportunities during health service and CJS contact for intervention is needed.
An Alternative Explanation for Attribute Framing and Spillover Effects in Multidimensional Supplier Evaluation and Supplier Termination: Focusing on Asymmetries in Attention
Authors: Wong Ricky S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTPrior research on attribute framing has focused on a single‐dimensional evaluation. However, supplier performance is usually evaluated against multiple dimensions. This research examines framing effects on multidimensional supplier evaluation and investigates the interplay between framing and attention. Three online experiments involving professional participants were conducted in which a supplier performance dimension was framed either positively or negatively. The results from Studies 1A (N = 113) and 1B (N = 82) demonstrated that framing a performance dimension of supplier negatively (versus positively) lowered evaluation of other nonframed dimensions even when these dimensions were presented identically. Framing a dimension negatively also impacted selection decisions, making participants more likely to discontinue purchasing from the supplier. These findings suggest that supplier evaluation and selection are susceptible to framing effects. Study 2 used a web‐deployed eye‐tracking experiment (N = 62) to elucidate the role of attention in framing effects. I found that performance information, when framed negatively rather than positively, received more attention. Also, attention to the framed performance dimension partially mediated the relationship between attribute framing and the evaluation of the framed dimension. This finding provides a fuller understanding of the cause of framing effect. An important managerial implication is that even when a performance indicator is a quantitative, tangible attribute, it is prudent for supply managers to reframe this indicator and check whether the same evaluation and selection decisions are made. Other managerial implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
Focused cardiac ultrasound training in medical students: Using an independent, simulator‐based curriculum to objectively measure skill acquisition and learning curve
Authors: Elison David M. , McConnaughey Shannon , Freeman Rosario V. , Sheehan Florence H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing simulators built and validated at the University of Washington (UW), the study sought to test whether medical students can learn the basic skills of focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) from an individually paced, simulator‐based curriculum, how skills improve, and the rate at which these skills are acquired.MethodsThe curriculum presented didactic material interspersed with hands‐on practice. Psychomotor skill was measured by the angle error of the acquired image view plane relative to the correct image view plane. The rate of learning was assessed at baseline, after 7 practice cases, and after 10 cases. To assess the rate of learning, the same case was repeatedly presented at all three tests. To assess students’ ability to apply their learning, a previously unseen post‐test was included.ResultsA total of 41 students completed the course. Average angle error improved from 43° ± 24 pretraining to 23° ± 16 post‐training, with most students falling within one SD of the view angle acquired by sonographers. Regarding learning curve, or the rate of skill acquisition, an angle error of 43 ± 24° (pre) changed to 22 ± 14° (interim test, P < .0001 vs. pretest) and remained at that level for the post‐test evaluation on both the repeated case (23 ± 16°) and the new case (26 ± 18°).ConclusionsThis study describes the learning curve and technical skill acquisition in FoCUS. A simulator‐based curriculum improved medical student's skills in an objective and quantifiable manner. The individually paced curriculum allowed for independent knowledge and skill attainment, without facilitator oversight.
Technical comment on Condamine et al. (2019): a cautionary note for users of linear diversification dependencies
Authors: Gamisch Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCondamine et al. (2019; 22: 1900–1912) fitted linear and exponential functions of time‐dependent, diversity‐dependent and temperature‐dependent diversification to investigate diversification dynamics of tetrapod families. Here I highlight potential misinterpretations when using linear diversification dependencies and provide some clarifications.
Fatigue life assessment of welded joints under sequences of bending and torsion loading blocks of different lengths
Authors: Frendo Francesco , Marulo Giuseppe , Chiocca Andrea , Bertini Leonardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, the nominal stress concept, the notch stress approach and two critical plane approaches are used to analyse the fatigue endurance of a pipe‐to‐plate welded joint subjected to complex loading histories. Both the pipe and the plate were made of S355JR steel. Starting from already known fatigue endurance curves obtained for the same specimens under pure bending and pure torsion, a first series of tests was conducted, in which specimens were loaded in bending for a given fraction of the estimated life and then in torsion until failure. A similar series of tests was then carried out by changing the loading order: specimens were firstly loaded in torsion for a given fraction of the estimated endurance and then in bending until failure. The whole test campaign was repeated for two different fractions of the estimated life, that is, 0.3 and 0.45, respectively. After that, additional three series of tests were carried out, in which the specimens were subjected to consecutive sequences of bending and torsion blocks of different lengths (short, medium and long, respectively); the relative length of the bending and torsion block in each series was determined in order to produce the same damage. The experimental results, in terms of total damage at failure, were analysed using the Palmgren–Miner hypothesis. For all the assessment methods, the characteristic endurance curves were firstly calibrated on the basis of finite element (FE) analyses and of the experimental results obtained under pure bending and pure torsion loadings. The observed damage at failure resulted always greater than 0.5 for all the employed methods and greater than 1 for most of the tests. The different methods gave similar results, with the critical plane methods giving a slightly more stable damage at failure and a correct determination of the failure location. For all the methods, the damage at failure slightly reduces as the block length shortens.