bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is foraging innovation lost following colonization of a less variable environment? A case study in surface‐ vs. cave‐dwellingAsellus aquaticus
Authors: Herczeg Gábor , Hafenscher Viktória P. , Balázs Gergely , Fišer Žiga , Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Horváth Gergely 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBehavioral innovation is a key process for successful colonization of new habitat types. However, it is costly due to the necessary cognitive and neural demands and typically connected to ecological generalism. Therefore, loss of behavioral innovativeness is predicted following colonization of new, simple, and invariable environments. We tested this prediction by studying foraging innovativeness in the freshwater isopodAsellus aquaticus. We sampled its populations along the route of colonizing a thermokarstic water‐filled cave (simple, stable habitat with only bacterial mats as food) from surface habitats (variable environment, wide variety of food). The studied cave population separated from the surface populations at least 60,000 years ago. Animals were tested both with familiar and novel food types (cave food: bacterial mats; surface food: decaying leaves). Irrespective of food type, cave individuals were more likely to feed than surface individuals. Further, animals from all populations fed longer on leaves than on bacteria, even though leaves were novel for the cave animals. Our results support that caveA. aquaticusdid not lose the ability to use the ancestral (surface) food type after adapting to a simple, stable, and highly specialized habitat.
A wireless sensor network for underground passages: Remote sensing and wildlife monitoring
Authors: Gazis Alexandros , Katsiri Eleftheria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system, developed to monitor concealed box‐shaped underground passages to protect wildlife. The system's purpose is to recognize the species of passengers (ie, human, canis, flying species, and so on) without using video sensors (image recognition) through data provided by sensors that measure distance and weight. Moreover, the information provided by the WSN was analyzed via a variety of methods, including a neural pattern recognition network, as well as clustering algorithms, which were able to recognize the species of passengers with certainty scores of over 90%. The main concern for future study is the evaluation of these passages, which are frequently located along main highways, and using data fusion to evaluate low‐cost and low‐power microsensors regarding their effectiveness, that is, whether they are frequently utilized by animals.
Numerical simulation of deformation memory effect of rock materials in low‐stress condition using discrete element method
Authors: Tang Qiongqiong , Zhou Yu , Zhao Dajun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe slip behavior of the pre‐existing sliding planes (eg, cracks or inter‐grain boundaries) in rocks is a natural candidate for a mechanism of the deformation memory effect. Based on this mechanism, the deformation rate analysis (DRA) method can be used to measure in situ stress in low‐stress region. However, the traditional discrete element method (DEM) is unable to model the deformation memory effect of rock when the loading stress is lower than the crack initiation stress due to the insufficient consideration for sliding planes. The simulated stress‐strain curves obtained from previous DEM are linear in initial loading stage until cracks start to grow. In the present work, the properties of planes (ie, cohesion, frictional resistance, and relocking mechanism) are introduced into DEM contact model to simulate the deformation memory effect of rock in low‐stress region, and its feasibility was confirmed by comparing it with experimental results. It is found that there exists a suitable in situ stress range for DRA method when using it in low‐stress region, among which the inflection is precise. Four factors related to the sliding planes are discussed with parametric study to study their influence on the deformation memory effect. The results show that the cohesion and dip angle are highly related to the threshold value, while the friction coefficient and fraction of slide planes have little influence on the deformation memory effect in rocks.
Modelling the risk of deterioration at earthen heritage sites in drylands
Authors: Richards Jenny , Mayaud Jerome , Zhan Hongtao , Wu Fasi , Bailey Richard , Viles Heather 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe variable climatic and environmental conditions associated with dryland regions can cause rapid erosion to both natural and man‐made earthen structures. Whilst there is a long history of research into the evolution of erosional landforms such as yardangs, little research has investigated how dryland processes influence the erosion of built structures. Earthen heritage sites located in arid and semi‐arid environments experience rapid deterioration caused by exposure to environmental drivers such as wind and rain. Understanding how these environmental drivers interact with each other and cause deterioration to earthen material is vital for successful conservation strategies. To address this need, we present the Vegetation and Sediment TrAnsport model for Heritage Deterioration (ViSTA‐HD) that simulates the risk of polishing, pitting and slurry on earthen heritage in a spatially specific manner. A technical description of the model is provided, and sensitivity and validation tests are reported. The model is then used to simulate the risk of deterioration occurring over centennial timescales at a Suoyang Ancient City, located in semi‐arid northwest China. The modelled risk of deterioration is in good agreement with deterioration patterns found at Suoyang, with the risk of polishing predominantly occurring around the wall edges, areas at risk of pitting echoing the dune formation and the risk of slurry occurring in drape‐like patterns down the wall face. Consequently, ViSTA‐HD is a powerful and versatile model that can be used to help inform our understandings of long‐term interactions between dryland processes and deteriorative impact on earthen structures. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Development potential evaluation of CO2‐ECBM in abandoned coal mines
Authors: Ge Zhaolong , Deng Kai , Zhang Liang , Zuo Shaojie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental problems such as the greenhouse effect have forced countries to consciously reduce the use of coal, and many coal mines have been forced to close. However, most of the abandoned coal mines have not been redeveloped or utilized, resulting in a huge waste and idleness of resources. Abandoned coal mines may also cause subsequent safety, environmental, and social problems. In particular, China has closed a large number of coal mines in recent years, and most of these mines are high‐gas mines. Furthermore, CO2 emissions are still increasing as the global primary energy consumption continues to grow. Because abandoned coal mines are no longer mined, this study proposes the application of CO2‐enhanced coalbed methane drainage technology (CO2‐ECBM) to abandoned coal mines in China for coalbed methane (CBM) extraction and simultaneous CO2 storage. China is the largest coal consumer and CO2 emitter, and the potential capacities for both methane extraction and CO2 storage in China's abandoned mines are evaluated in this paper. This work analyzes the characteristics and development status of abandoned coal resources in China. Then, the amount of CBM and coal resources in the closed coal mines in Chongqing since 2015 is counted, and the CBM production, CO2 storage, and production costs and profits required for CO2‐ECBM technology are calculated. Finally, taking the Chongqing area as an example, the CBM production and CO2 storage potential of abandoned coal mines in China are estimated. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential and economics of using CO2‐ECBM technology in abandoned coal mines. The results provide a reference for the development of abandoned CBM and CO2 underground storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a brain‐based predictome of mental illness
Authors: Rashid Barnaly , Calhoun Vince 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuroimaging‐based approaches have been extensively applied to study mental illness in recent years and have deepened our understanding of both cognitively healthy and disordered brain structure and function. Recent advancements in machine learning techniques have shown promising outcomes for individualized prediction and characterization of patients with psychiatric disorders. Studies have utilized features from a variety of neuroimaging modalities, including structural, functional, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data, as well as jointly estimated features from multiple modalities, to assess patients with heterogeneous mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. We use the term “predictome” to describe the use of multivariate brain network features from one or more neuroimaging modalities to predict mental illness. In the predictome, multiple brain network‐based features (either from the same modality or multiple modalities) are incorporated into a predictive model to jointly estimate features that are unique to a disorder and predict subjects accordingly. To date, more than 650 studies have been published on subject‐level prediction focusing on psychiatric disorders. We have surveyed about 250 studies including schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance dependence. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of recent neuroimaging‐based predictomic approaches, current trends, and common shortcomings and share our vision for future directions.
Ultrahigh packing density next generation microtube array membrane: A novel solution for absorption‐based extracorporeal endotoxin removal device
Authors: Chew Chee Ho , Cheng Li‐Wei , Huang Wan‐Ting , Wu Yun Ming , Lee Chih‐Wei , Wu Mai‐Szu , Chen Chien‐Chung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gram‐negative bacterial infections often plague emergency care facilities. Conventionally antibiotics and vasopressors are used to treat this disease. Recent treatment protocol shifted to a membrane to remove the offending endotoxin monomer. Despite this shift, membrane‐based devices are often extremely costly, hindering accessibility to this life saving medical device. In view of this challenges, we adopted the internally developed polysulfone (PSF) microtube array membrane alternating (MTAM‐A) for use in blood sepsis treatment. PSF MTAM‐A were with polymyxin B (PMB) molecules immobilized were assembled into an internally developed cartridge housing and subjected to endotoxin removal models with water and blood spiked with 100 EU/ml of endotoxin as the feed solution. Samples were derived at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte lysate assay and benchmarked against the commercially available Toraymyxin device. The PSF MTAM‐A with 2.3 times the surface area was successfully fabricated and with PMB molecules immobilized, and assembled into a hemoperfusion device. Dynamic endotoxin removal test revealed and overall endotoxin removal capacity of 90% and a superior endotoxin removal efficiency that was significantly higher than that of Toraymyxin (internally conducted and reported). The data suggested that PSF MTAM‐A PMB membranes could potentially be applied in future hemoperfusion devices which would be significantly more efficient, compact, and affordable; potentially making such a life‐saving medical device widely available to the general public.
Cellular effects and clinical implications of SLC2A3 copy number variation
Authors: Ziegler Georg C. , Almos Peter , McNeill Rhiannon V. , Jansch Charline , Lesch Klaus‐Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSLC2A3 encodes the predominantly neuronal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), which facilitates diffusion of glucose across plasma membranes. The human brain depends on a steady glucose supply for ATP generation, which consequently fuels critical biochemical processes, such as axonal transport and neurotransmitter release. Besides its role in the central nervous system, GLUT3 is also expressed in nonneural organs, such as the heart and white blood cells, where it is equally involved in energy metabolism. In cancer cells, GLUT3 overexpression contributes to the Warburg effect by answering the cell's increased glycolytic demands. The SLC2A3 gene locus at chromosome 12p13.31 is unstable and prone to non‐allelic homologous recombination events, generating multiple copy number variants (CNVs) of SLC2A3 which account for alterations in SLC2A3 expression. Recent associations of SLC2A3 CNVs with different clinical phenotypes warrant investigation of the potential influence of these structural variants on pathomechanisms of neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and immune diseases. In this review, we accumulate and discuss the evidence how SLC2A3 gene dosage may exert diverse protective or detrimental effects depending on the pathological condition. Cellular states which lead to increased energetic demand, such as organ development, proliferation, and cellular degeneration, appear particularly susceptible to alterations in SLC2A3 copy number. We conclude that better understanding of the impact of SLC2A3 variation on disease etiology may potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting this GLUT.
The N‐terminal polypeptide derived from vMIP‐II exerts its antitumor activity in human breast cancer through CXCR4/miR‐7‐5p/Skp2 pathway
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , Dong Zheng‐Yuan , Yan Lei , Yang Shuo , Xu He‐Nan , Chen Su‐Lian , Wang Wen‐Rui , Yang Qing‐Ling , Chen Chang‐Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women of the world. CXCR4 and Skp2 are highly expressed in breast cancer cells and CXCR4 was positively correlated with Skp2 by interference or overexpression. The microRNA array was used to detect the differentially expressed spectrum of micro RNAs in breast cancer cells the changes of miR‐7‐5p after CXCR4 inhibitor (NT21MP) treatment to block the CXCR4/SDF‐1 pathway was founded. MiR‐7‐5p has been found to be correlated with Skp2 in various tumors in the literature, and Skp2 expression can be regulated by transfection with miR‐7‐5p mimics or inhibitors. The expression level of miR‐7‐5p was upregulated or downregulated after CXCR4 interference or overexpression. Combined with the correlation between CXCR4 and miR‐7‐5p in the chip results, CXCR4 may regulate Skp2 through miR‐7‐5p. Epithelial cells have the morphological characteristics of mesenchymal cells for some reason called epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Transfection of miR‐7‐5p mimics into drug‐resistant cells reduced Skp2 levels, decreased the expression of Vimentin, Snail, and slug, and increased the expression of E‐cadherin. CXCR4 inhibitor (NT21MP) can reverse the EMT changes caused by miR‐7‐5p inhibitor. Similarly, in vivo results suggesting that CXCR4 inhibitors can reverse the EMT phenotype of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells through the CXCR4/miR‐7‐5p/Skp2 pathway. In summary, the CXCR4/miR‐7‐5p/Skp2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of breast cancer. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the CXCR4 pathway.
Blood and tissue levels of lncRNAs in periodontitis
Authors: Sayad Arezou , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Shams Bahareh , Arsang‐Jang Shahram , Gholami Leila , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeriodontitis is a complex disorder that affects a large number of human beings from different ethnic groups. This condition has been associated with dysregulation of a number of genes, among them are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the current study, we assessed the expression of four lncRNAs (BDNF‐AS, MIAT, MIR137HG, and PNKY) as well as BDNF in the peripheral blood and gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The expression of BDNF was significantly lower in blood samples of male patients with periodontitis compared with male controls (posterior β of RE = −4.754, p = .048). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of BDNF in tissue samples from the cases and controls. The expression of BDNF‐AS was significantly lower in the tissue samples of patients compared with control tissue samples (posterior β of RE = −2.151, p = .019). Such an expression difference was detected between male subgroups as well (posterior β of RE = −3.679, p = .009). However, expression of this lncRNA was not different in blood samples obtained from patients compared with healthy subjects. The expression of PNKY was significantly higher in tissue samples obtained from female patients compared with sex‐matched controls (posterior β of RE = 6.23, p = .037). Blood levels of this lncRNA were not different between cases and controls. There was no significant difference either in the tissue expression or in blood expression of MIR137HG or MIAT between cases and controls. The current study indicates the putative role of BDNF, BDNF‐AS, and PNKY in the pathophysiology of periodontitis and potentiates these genes as candidates for functional studies.
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated frontonasal dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Lourenço Cátia , Godinho Cristina , Marinho Márcia , Melo Mónica , Nogueira Rosete , Valente Francisco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a case of mild frontonasal dysplasia, a complex and rare malformation affecting the central portion of the face, especially the eyes, nose, and forehead, which was diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was made by two‐ and four‐dimensional ultrasound and confirmed at autopsy after pregnancy termination. A review of the literature is presented.
Dark‐rearing uncovers novel gene expression patterns in an obligate cave‐dwelling fish
Authors: Sears Connor R. , Boggs Tyler E. , Gross Joshua B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtreme environments often result in the evolution of dramatic adaptive features. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, includes 30 different populations of cave‐dwelling forms that live in perpetual darkness. As a consequence, many populations have evolved eye loss, reduced pigmentation, and amplification of nonvisual sensory systems. Closely‐related surface‐dwelling morphs demonstrate typical vision, pigmentation, and sensation. Transcriptomic assessments in this system have revealed important developmental changes associated with the cave morph, however, they have not accounted for photic rearing conditions. Prior studies reared individuals under a 12:12 hr light/dark (LD) cycle. Here, we reared cavefish under constant darkness (DD) for 5+ years. From these experimental individuals, we performed mRNA sequencing and compared gene expression of surface fish reared under LD conditions to cavefish reared under DD conditions to identify photic‐dependent gene expression differences. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses revealed a number of previously underappreciated cave‐associated changes impacting blood physiology and olfaction. We further evaluated the position of differentially expressed genes relative to QTL positions from prior studies and found several candidate genes associated with these ecologically relevant lighting conditions. In sum, this work highlights photic conditions as a key environmental factor impacting gene expression patterns in blind cave‐dwelling fish.
The role of mammalian foetal membranes in early embryogenesis: Lessons from marsupials
Authors: Carter Anthony M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcross mammals, early embryonic development is supported by uterine secretions taken up through the yolk sac and other foetal membranes (histotrophic nutrition). The marsupial conceptus is enclosed in a shell coat for the first two‐thirds of gestation and nutrients pass to the embryo through the shell and the avascular bilaminar yolk sac. At around the time of shell rupture, part of the yolk sac is trilaminar and supplied with blood vessels. It attaches to the uterus and forms a choriovitelline placenta. Rapid growth of the embryo ensues, still supported by histotrophe as well as exchange of oxygen and nutrients between maternal and foetal blood vessels (haemotrophic nutrition). Few marsupials have a chorioallantoic placenta and the highly altricial newborn is delivered after a short gestation. Eutherian embryos pass through a similar sequence before there is a fully functional chorioallantoic placenta. In most orders, there is transient yolk sac placentation, but even before this, nutrients are transferred through an avascular yolk sac. Yolk sac placentation does not occur in rodents or catarrhine primates. Early embryonic development in the mouse is nonetheless dependent on histotrophic nutrition. In the first trimester of human pregnancy, uterine glands open to the intervillous space and secretion products are taken up by the trophoblast. Transfer of nutrients to the early human embryo also involves the yolk sac, which floats free in the exocoelom. Marsupials can therefore inform us about the role of foetal membranes and histotrophic nutrition in early embryogenesis, knowledge that can translate to eutherians.
Expression of the COVID‐19 receptor ACE2 in the human conjunctiva
Authors: Lange Clemens , Wolf Julian , Auw‐Haedrich Claudia , Schlecht Anja , Boneva Stefaniya , Lapp Thabo , Horres Ralf , Agostini Hansjürgen , Martin Gottfried , Reinhard Thomas , Schlunck Günther 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is assumed to use angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other auxiliary proteins for cell entry. Recent studies have described conjunctival congestion in 0.8% of patients with laboratory‐confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and there has been speculation that SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted through the conjunctiva. However, it is currently unclear whether conjunctival epithelial cells express ACE2 and its cofactors. In this study, a total of 38 conjunctival samples from 38 patients, including 12 healthy conjunctivas, 12 melanomas, seven squamous cell carcinomas, and seven papilloma samples, were analyzed using high‐throughput RNA sequencing to assess messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and its cofactors including TMPRSS2, ANPEP, DPP4, and ENPEP. ACE2 protein expression was assessed in eight healthy conjunctival samples using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 is not substantially expressed in conjunctival samples on the mRNA (median: 0.0 transcripts per million [TPM], min: 0.0 TPM, max: 1.7 TPM) and protein levels. Similar results were obtained for the transcription of other auxiliary molecules. In conclusion, this study finds no evidence for a significant expression of ACE2 and its auxiliary mediators for cell entry in conjunctival samples, making conjunctival infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 via these mediators unlikely.