bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Energic–Energetic Distinction and Coleridge’s Two-Level Theory of Mind
Authors: Cheyne Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChapter 6 reconstructs what the author identifies as Coleridge’s two-level theory of the higher and lower levels of mind. Section 6.1 draws on a Coleridgean distinction to characterize the higher mind of idea-directed freedom as energic and the lower mind of desire and association as energetic. Applying this to Coleridge himself, the chapter describes his restless, flowing, and challenging writings as balanced by—and subordinated to—the higher mind that strives towards ultimate ends and meaningful values. Section 6.2 explores the ‘refluent’ dynamic between the higher level of imagination and reason and the lower, of sensation, desire, and the ‘mechanical understanding’. Here, the author elaborates his theory of intellectual, noetic contemplation versus sensuous, inchoate contemplation, developing from Coleridge’s higher–lower, energic–energetic dynamic. Section 6.3 explores what the author calls the ordination of thought and being by ideas, involving the orientation of the mind to ends and values, relating this to Coleridge’s view of the three main modes of balance or imbalance in the human mind.
The Way Down and the Way Up
Authors: Cheyne Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChapter 10 presents what the author holds to be the most important dimension to Coleridge’s logic and metaphysics, namely the pursuit of the contemplation of ideas—the ‘Noetic’. This chapter provides the humane meaning promised in the more technical Chapter 9. Section 10.1 interprets Coleridge’s pentads, when read as ‘the way down’, as ladder-like schemata of the actualization of ideas and laws into phenomena. Section 10.2 reads them as aids to contemplation when read in the opposite direction, ‘the way up’, both readings exemplifying Heraclitus’ dictum that ‘the way up and the way down are one and the same’. Section 10.3 explicates Coleridge’s claim that ‘the likeliest way of begetting’ ideas is through ‘Anticip[ation] + Theoresis’, uniting the positive, intuitive drive towards ideas (the genius of anticipation), with the negative techniques of logical and conceptual abstraction (the cleverness of theory), each balancing the other towards the idea.
The Blind that Gaze, the Blind that Creep Back, Shades that Flit, and the Dragon
Authors: Cheyne Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe baroque title of Chapter 11 alludes to Coleridge’s ‘Limbo’ sequence of poems (1811). Section 11.1 contrasts Coleridge’s notion of faith as fidelity to ideas with the refusal to contemplate them, either to diminish the expectations on one to merely empirical considerations, or, more extreme, from a self-love that Coleridge calls ‘demonic’, refusing any but itself as the highest principle. The theme of degrees of contemplation from the limited positive to the negativity of anti-contemplation is explored in the ‘Limbo’ sequence in Section 11.2. The Behmenist aspects of this poetic sequence refer back to Chapter 5, but also bring this book to its conclusion by contrasting the blind ‘Old Man’ who ‘seems to gaze’ on the moon as a partly positive, though deprived, contemplation, against three progressively more negative modes in the sequence, the light-avoiding moles, the departed souls in Limbo, and the absolute rejection of light by the Dragon, the Satan of ‘Ne Plus Ultra’.
“The World is Made for Men”
Authors: Christie Nancy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Canvassing the criminal and civil courts of Quebec, this chapter uncovers the patterns of male assault, both against other men and against women, with a focus upon the ways in which quotidian social practices defined a variety of modes of masculine behavior, which reinforced and subverted cultural codes of normative manhood built around patriarchal authority. This chapter argues that there was considerable state and non-state violence within the colony, which was used as a primary instrument by which to demarcate small differences of rank, and that while insults and assaults largely occurred within ethnic enclaves, over time these became increasingly characterized by interethnic conflict.
“Unfrenchifying” Quebec
Authors: Christie Nancy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In keeping with the overall theme of the contested nature of British rule, this chapter investigates the establishment of the first French-language newspaper, Le Canadien, demonstrating the way in which the French Canadian political opposition appropriated the tenets of classical republicanism to break the natural equation between Britishness and liberty. Because of this move, the English press was compelled to embrace Court Whig political discourse so that political allegiances and ideologies were now synonymous with two ethnic political factions. The discourse of political opposition was not derived from the model of the American Republic, as historians have previously contended, but was adapted from a longstanding mode of political argument within the colony and was driven by an often stridently anti-Catholic and anti-French British nationalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Christie Nancy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a concluding summary of the book. As it demonstrates, British policymakers as well as the local governing elite of Quebec hoped to establish a system of rule based on assimilating the French Canadian majority to British institutions, culture, and language. However, it also outlines the multiple ways in which British systems of governance and rule of law were contested not only through quotidian social practice, litigation, collective resistance, and cultural discourse more broadly. Where previous studies of colonialism have largely focused upon the subjugation and marginalization of racialized others, the book analyses how various techniques of rule were deployed to suppress the political activism of French Canadians, and how these became increasingly more authoritarian and anti-democratic in direct relation to the assertion of French Canadian claims to equality as British subjects.
Locke on Enthusiasm and the Association of Ideas
Authors: Tabb Kathryn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Locke added two new chapters to the fourth edition of his Essay concerning Human Understanding (1700): ‘Of the Association of Ideas’, and ‘Of Enthusiasm’. When examined together, these chapters reveal that Locke was increasingly attentive to—and troubled by—the potential of mad ideas and pathological principles to thwart the reasonableness at the heart of his political and theological projects. While Locke saw religious zealotry as a vice, he attributed its ultimate causes not to a sinfulness of the will but to a disease of the understanding. Unlike later theorists who would treat the association of ideas as a general mechanism of cognition, Locke saw it as a pathological force that could explain the failures of otherwise rational people to respond to evidence. This technical account of madness is a linchpin not only for Locke’s theory of enthusiasm, but also for his mature views on toleration.
Cultural Narratives and the Application of Non-Discrimination Law
Authors: Mulder Jule 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses differences and changes in the national interpretation and application of EU anti-discrimination law through the lens of cultural myths and national identities with a focus on the German, Dutch, and English context. It argues that legal consciousness influencing the application of EU law is not only shaped by the broader legal framework, but also by cultural self-understanding relating to that legal framework. Specifically, it highlights how the Dutch culture of tolerance, German constitutional patriotism, and English pragmatism have shaped the interpretation and application of implemented EU non-discrimination law and turned it into national legal concepts that serve different purposes and cover a different scope in each jurisdiction.
The Pre-Eminence of the General Principle of Equality over Specific Prohibition of Discrimination on Suspect Grounds in Czechia
Authors: Havelková Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows that the general principle of equality is the pre-eminent doctrine in Czechia. It is more often and more readily applied than ground-related anti-discrimination law by courts and administrative bodies alike, and the two doctrines are often conflated. This is paradoxical, because ground-related anti-discrimination law is distinctive and arguably addresses a graver wrong: while the general principle of equality targets random arbitrariness, irrationality or unfairness, the prohibition of discrimination on specific grounds focuses on oft-repeated, systematic behaviour and practices which track deep historical and/or current disadvantages.
Access to Justice in Sweden from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Carlson Laura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores reasons for why discrimination legislation is not successful in Sweden, despite Sweden having legislated all the requirements of EU law. The chapter first focuses briefly on the Anglo-American historical development of the concept of access to justice and then examines how access to justice has been addressed in Sweden. Though the differences of approach are often explained as simply that of common and civil law, this chapter demonstrates that they are instead anchored in the interplay between civil society, government agencies, courts, and law-makers, as well as a concept of law (regardless of whether judge-made or statutory) as individually enforceable or simply policy declarations.
Combating Pregnancy Discrimination in the Netherlands
Authors: Burri Susanne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Dutch Institute for Human Rights offers an easy accessible complaint procedure free of charge and has more recently focused on enforcing Dutch and EU anti-discrimination law in relation to pregnancy. In the context of a labour market increasingly characterized by so-called flexible work relations, recent research commissioned by this equality body shows that the non-renewal of a fixed-term employment contract of pregnant women is widespread. Proving that pregnancy was one of the reasons for the non-renewal of a contract often presents difficulties in practice, however. The enhanced awareness of the prohibition of pregnancy discrimination might even result in more hidden forms of discrimination, turning combating pregnancy discrimination into quite a challenge.
The French Atlantic World
Authors: Forrest Alan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the development of France’s colonial empire over the long eighteenth century, from the early settlements to the eve of the revolution. It demonstrates the geopolitical logic of an empire stretching from the St Lawrence River to Louisiana and across the Caribbean, and shows how this empire had been cut back through a series of colonial wars, especially with Great Britain, leading to the loss of Canada at the Peace of Paris in 1763. By the end of the Ancien Régime, France’s principal interest in the Americas was in the Caribbean and especially Saint-Domingue, which was the wealthiest of all European colonies in the Atlantic world. The chapter concludes with a discussion of France’s trade with its Atlantic possessions and of the system of imperial preference it imposed.
‘What’s in a name?’—The effective promotion of brain health in preterm babies
Authors: Aziz Khalid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe achievement of optimal brain health in very preterm babies is a challenge for modern neonatology. There has been limited success in this area of concern despite improvements in other neonatal outcomes. The barriers to progress are (a) the language and definitions that clinicians and scientists use to describe outcomes, (b) our representation of causation, and (c) the rigour with which we apply quality improvement science. Quality improvement science requires clear, relevant, and discriminating language to explain aims, drivers, processes, outcomes, interventions, and definitions. To date, clinical guidelines and research publications have not addressed prevailing flaws in language, causation, and definition. The persisting flaws have restricted identification of quality improvement opportunities and limited the impact of quality improvement efforts. Our community of neonatal caregivers and researchers needs a new and comprehensive approach to language, causation, and implementation science in order to address brain health in very preterm babies.
The palivizumab patchwork: Variation in guidelines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus prevention across Canadian provinces and territories
Authors: Jalink Matthew , Langley Joanne M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection in young children. The only preventive intervention is an anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) monoclonal antibody (palivizumab, Synagis) administered as monthly intramuscular injections during the winter. Recommendations for palivizumab use have been published by the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) and other agencies. We sought to determine if there was interjurisdictional variation in eligibility for palivizumab across provinces and territories and in comparison to CPS recommendations, as well as the nature of this variation.

Methods
Eligibility criteria were obtained from personnel coordinating provincial and territorial programs and from public governmental websites.

Results
All 13 jurisdictions provided information about their palivizumab eligibility policies. No province or territory (PT) follows CPS guidelines exactly and substantial heterogeneity exists among jurisdictions. All PT jurisdictions provide prophylaxis in the first year of life to infants with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease on ongoing therapy for those conditions, and to premature children in remote areas. In general, PTs had more liberal policies than the CPS, offering palivizumab to a wide range of children with conditions such as cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome or to moderately premature children with risk factors.

Conclusions
Substantial variation in PT criteria for RSV prevention exists in Canada, and no jurisdiction follows CPS criteria exactly. Variability in subnational policy may reflect access to human or material resources, varying interpretation of evidence for efficacy, variation in epidemiology, the effect of local pressures, or advocacy.
Determinants of quality of research environment: An assessment of the environment submissions in the UK’s Research Excellence Framework in 2014
Authors: Pinar Mehmet , Unlu Emre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the assessed research elements in the UK’s Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise in 2014 was the research environment. The quality of the research environment was assessed by expert peer reviewers who were given a set of quantitative factors to support their decision making. However, there is no systematic procedure to integrate this quantitative information into the evaluation process. This article evaluates the relevance of quantitative factors in explaining the assessed quality of the research environment. Findings suggest submitting units with high external research income generation tend to have a better research environment evaluation in almost all the assessed subject areas. The importance given by reviewers to similar quantitative factors was distinctively different in two units of assessment (UoA) in which the evaluation criteria were the same, which highlights the internal inconsistency of the peer review evaluation. Our findings also confirm the existence of the ‘halo effect’ in some UoA where submitting units that belong to the Russell group and have sub-panel members in the REF exercise obtained higher scores even after controlling for the assessed quantitative factors.
Social Cognition and Schizophrenia: Unresolved Issues and New Challenges in a Maturing Field of Research
Authors: Vaskinn Anja , Horan William P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Social cognition has become a topic of widespread interest in experimental and treatment research in schizophrenia over the past 15 years. This explosion of interest largely reflects the robust evidence that social cognition is among the strongest known correlates of poor community functioning throughout the course of schizophrenia. While progress has been impressive, we consider several fundamental questions about the scope, structure, and optimal measurement of social cognition that remain unanswered and point to the need for continued method development. We also consider more recently emerging questions about individual differences, ecological and cross-cultural validity, and intervention approaches, as well as broader technological changes that impact how we understand and use social cognition at a societal level. Continued efforts to creatively grapple with the complexities and challenges the field now faces hold great promise for helping us understand and more effectively treat a major source of functional disability in schizophrenia.
Emotion Recognition and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Tognin Stefania , Catalan Ana , Modinos Gemma , Kempton Matthew J , Bilbao Amaia , Nelson Barnaby , Pantelis Christos , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Bressan Rodrigo , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Krebs Marie-Odile , Nordentoft Merete , Ruhrmann Stephan , Sachs Gabriele , Rutten Bart P F , van Os Jim , de Haan Lieuwe , van der Gaag Mark ,   EU-GEI High Risk Study, McGuire Philip , Valmaggia Lucia R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between facial affect recognition (FAR) and type of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a sample of clinical high risk (CHR) individuals and a matched sample of healthy controls (HCs).MethodsIn total, 309 CHR individuals and 51 HC were recruited as part of an European Union-funded multicenter study (EU-GEI) and included in this work. During a 2-year follow-up period, 65 CHR participants made a transition to psychosis (CHR-T) and 279 did not (CHR-NT). FAR ability was measured using a computerized version of the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition (DFAR) task. ACEs were measured using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Bullying Questionnaire. Generalized regression models were used to investigate the relationship between ACE and FAR. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between FAR and psychotic transition.ResultsIn CHR individuals, having experienced emotional abuse was associated with decreased total and neutral DFAR scores. CHR individuals who had experienced bullying performed better in the total DFAR and in the frightened condition. In HC and CHR, having experienced the death of a parent during childhood was associated with lower DFAR total score and lower neutral DFAR score, respectively. Analyses revealed a modest increase of transition risk with increasing mistakes from happy to angry faces.ConclusionsAdverse experiences in childhood seem to have a significant impact on emotional processing in adult life. This information could be helpful in a therapeutic setting where both difficulties in social interactions and adverse experiences are often addressed.
MEK inhibition causes Bim stabilization and sensitivity to Bcl2 family member inhibitors in RAS-MAPK mutated neuroblastoma
Authors: Eleveld Thomas F , Vernooij Lindy , Schild Linda , Koopmans Bianca , Alles Lindy K , Ebus Marli E , van Sluis Peter , Caron Huib N , Koster Jan , Versteeg Rogier , Dolman M. Emmy M. , Molenaar Jan J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMutations affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway occur frequently in relapsed neuroblastoma tumors and are associated with response to MEK inhibitionin vitro. However, these inhibitors alone do not lead to tumor regressionin vivo, indicating the need for combination therapy. Through high throughput combination screening we identify Trametinib and inhibitors of the BCL2 family (Navitoclax and Venetoclax) as a promising combination in neuroblastoma cells with RAS-MAPK mutations. In these lines, inhibiting the RAS-MAPK pathway leads to Bim stabilization and increased sensitivity to compounds inhibiting Bim binding to Bcl2 family members. Combining Trametinib with BCL2 inhibitors causes increased growth inhibition compared to Trametinib only inNRASmutant SKNAS xenografts, while BCL2 inihibitors alone do not affect growth of these tumors. These results show that MEK inhibitors and specific Bcl2 family member inhibitors are a potent combination for RAS-MAPK mutated neuroblastoma tumors.
Disadvantages of writing, reading, publishing and presenting scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English language in science: The case of Colombian PhD in biological sciences
Authors: Ramírez-Castañeda Valeria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe success of a scientist depends on their production of scientific papers and the impact factor of the journal in which they publish. Because most major scientific journals are published in English, success is related to publishing in this language. Currently, 98% of publications in science are written in English, including researchers from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) countries. Colombia is among the countries with the lowest English proficiency in the world. Thus, understanding the disadvantages that Colombians face in publishing is crucial to reducing global inequality in science. This paper quantifies the disadvantages that result from the language hegemony in scientific publishing by examining the additional costs that communicating in English creates in the production of articles. It was identified that more than 90% of the scientific articles published by Colombian researchers are in English, and that publishing in a second language creates additional financial costs to Colombian doctoral students and results in problems with reading comprehension, writing ease and time, and anxiety. Rejection or revision of their articles because of the English grammar was reported by 43.5% of the doctoral students, and 33% elected not to attend international conferences and meetings due to the mandatory use of English in oral presentations. Finally, among the translation/editing services reviewed, the cost per article is between one-quarter and one-half of a doctoral monthly salary in Colombia. Of particular note, we identified a positive correlation between English proficiency and higher socioeconomic origin of the researcher. Overall, this study exhibits the negative consequences of hegemony of English that preserves the global gap in science. Although having a common language is important for science communication, generating multilinguistic alternatives would promote diversity while conserving a communication channel. Such an effort should come from different actors and should not fall solely on EFL researchers.