bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of NOON States in Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Soto‐Eguibar Francisco , Moya‐Cessa Héctor M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA method to generate NOON states with three photons by injecting photons in an array of three waveguides is presented. Conditional measurements project the wave function in a given (desired) state. In passing, it is shown how the array of three waveguides, that effectively reproduces the interaction of three fields, may be reduced to the interaction of two fields.
Asymmetric Magnesium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration by Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Falconnet Alban , Magre Marc , Maity Bholanath , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis with readily available, cheap, and non‐toxic alkaline earth metal catalysts represents a sustainable alternative to conventional synthesis methodologies. In this context, we describe the development of a first MgII‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroboration providing the products with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. NMR spectroscopy studies and DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity which can be explained by a metal‐ligand cooperative catalysis pathway involving a non‐innocent ligand.
A Photowelding Strategy for Conductivity Restoration in Flexible Circuits
Authors: Sun Yunyu , Yang Mingcheng , Guo Yutong , Cheng Mengjiao , Dong Bin , Shi Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight‐driven micropumps, which are based on electro‐osmosis with the electric field generated by photocatalytic reactions, are among most attractive research topics in chemical micromotors. Until now, research in this field has mainly been focused on the directional motion or collective behavior of microparticles, which lack practical applications. In this study, we have developed a photowelding strategy for repeated photoinduced conductivity recovery of cracked flexible circuits. We immersed the circuit in a suspension of conductive healing particles and applied photoillumination to the crack; photocatalysis of a predeposited pentacene (PEN) layer triggered electro‐osmotic effects to gather conductive particles at the crack, thus leading to conductivity recovery of the circuit. This photowelding strategy is a novel application of light‐driven micropumps and photocatalysis for conductivity restoration.
Sequential Oxidation and C−H Bond Activation at a Gallium(I) Center
Authors: Kassymbek Aishabibi , Vyboishchikov Sergei F. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Spasyuk Denis , Pilkington Melanie , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn situ oxidation of the GaI compound NacNacGa by either N2O or pyridine oxide results in the generation of a labile monomeric oxide, NacNacGa(O), which can easily cleave the C−H bonds of aliphatic and aromatic substrates featuring good donor sites. The products of this reaction are gallium organyl hydroxides. DFT calculations show that these reactions start with the formation of NacNac‐Ga(O)(L) adducts, the oxo ligand of which can easily abstract protons from nearby C−H bonds, even for sp2‐hybridized carbon centers. Aliphatic amines do not enter this reaction for kinetic reasons, presumably because of the unfavorable sterics.
A switchable ionic liquid with polarity swing‐assisted regeneration properties used for the preconcentration of cadmium in biological samples
Authors: Kazi Tasneem Gul , Samejo Suraya , Afridi Hassan Imran , Akhtar Asma , Baig Jameel Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

In the present study the cadmium (Cd) was determined in serum samples of psoriatic patients. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated according to criteria based on standard clinical diagnosis using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. In present study, an innovative tunable green solvent system based microextraction (TSS‐ME) was applied for the enrichment of Cd in acid digested serum samples prior to determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The hydrophobic complex of Cd‐ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was extracted in a tunable solvent system which was prepared from a polybasic amine (N, N, N′, N′‐tetramethyl‐1, 4‐diaminobutane), decanol and water system. The tunable green solvent system (TSS) which has zero ionic strength was converted to homogeneous monophasic polar hydrophilic phase via exposure to CO2 at different pressure and time duration. Then hydrophobic enriched Cd‐ ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was back extracted, using HNO3 (0.1 to 0.5 mol L−1) then the second round of TSS‐ME was applied. The acidic aqueous phase enrich with analyte was separated from tunable solvent. The separated TSS was easily reused for up to 10 time for preconcentration purposes without loss of its enrichment character. The smoker and nonsmoker psoriatic patients at PASI >10, have two to three folds higher Cd levels in serum samples than healthy persons.
Encapsulation of Long‐Chain n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Egg Yolk
Authors: Gonzalez‐Toledo Selene , Wu Jianping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEgg yolk is well known for its excellent emulsifying property. In this article, egg yolk was used as the encapsulating matrix to prevent the oxidation of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil. A 2 × 2 × 5 complete block design with three replications was used. Two levels of fish oil (1% and 5%) and two levels of esterification type (triglycerides or ethyl esters) of eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic fatty acids were used. Time was considered a fixed factor with five levels. Emulsions were prepared by homogenization and stored for up to 4 weeks at 4–6 °C, with weekly sampling. Emulsions were analyzed for particle size and distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and surface oil. The oxidative stability of the emulsions was evaluated before and after cooking at 150–170 °C for 75 s. The addition of triglycerides resulted in a larger average particle size (234 ± 12.4 nm). All emulsions achieved 100% encapsulation efficiency and showed no significant change in the surface oil concentration during storage. After 4 weeks of storage, the concentration of eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic fatty acids in nonencapsulated fish oil triglycerides and ethyl esters decreased by 20.32% and 14.74%, respectively, while the emulsions showed no significant differences. In addition, no peroxide or propanal formation was detected in raw emulsions over the storage period. Propanal formation was negligible in cooked samples, and the peroxide value showed no differences between the egg yolk control and the emulsions. Therefore, egg yolk was observed to be an efficient encapsulating food matrix that protects n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidation and degradation.
A stranding record of the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in Algerian West Coast, during 2008–2012
Authors: Larbi Doukara Kamel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Marine mammals stranding data provide valuable information on causes of mortality for cetacean populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the stranding events of common dolphins along the Algerian west coast, and estimate the proportion of human vs. non‐human induced mortality of the population.
Between 2008 and 2012, out of the 52 cetacean stranding records along the Algerian west coast, common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were recorded in 14 cases. All recorded strandings were of individual cases with no mass strandings registered during the reported period.
To examine the proportion of human and non‐human induced mortality affecting this population, necropsies were conducted. In 10 cases, an interaction with some type of fishing gear had occurred; in three, there was no link with human activity; and in one case, it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the condition of the carcass (severely decomposed).
Using degradation models to assess pipeline life
Authors: Tian Qinglong , Liu Shiyao , Meeker William Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLongitudinal inspections of thickness at particular locations along a pipeline provide useful information to assess the remaining life of the pipeline. In applications with different mechanisms of corrosion processes, we have observed various types of general degradation paths. We present two applications of fitting a degradation model to describe the corrosion initiation and growth behavior in a pipeline. We use a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation for the degradation model. The failure‐time and remaining lifetime distributions are derived from the degradation model, and we compute Bayesian estimates and credible intervals of the failure‐time and remaining lifetime distributions for both individual segments and for the entire pipeline circuit.
Korrosionsdetektion an Stahlbetonbauwerken: konventionell und innovativ
Authors: Keßler Sylvia , Emmenegger Leonidas P. , Sagüés Alberto A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie geplante Lebensdauer von Stahlbetonbauwerken wird häufig aufgrund von chloridinduzierter Bewehrungskorrosion erheblich reduziert. Chloride aus Tausalzbeaufschlagung oder Meeresexposition dringen in den Beton ein und sobald ein kritischer Chloridgehalt an der Bewehrung angekommen ist, wird Korrosion initiiert. Die Folgen von Bewehrungskorrosion sind Risse und Abplatzungen des Betons, wodurch zunächst die Verkehrssicherheit und in einem fortgeschrittenen Schädigungsgrad auch die Tragfähigkeit eingeschränkt werden kann. Im Zuge der Bauwerksinspektion von chloridexponierten Bauwerken ist daher die Detektion der Bewehrungskorrosion unerlässlich, um zu klären, ob Korrosion bereits initiiert wurde und in welchem Umfang das Bauwerk davon betroffen ist. Erst auf Basis dieser Daten können Inspektionsintervalle und Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen zielgerichtet, nachhaltig und ökonomisch geplant werden. Die konventionelle Methode zur Detektion von Bewehrungskorrosion ist die potentialfeldmessung, bei der das potential zwischen der Bewehrung und einer auf dem Beton aufgesetzten Bezugselektrode ermittelt wird. Zudem wurde in den letzten Jahren an der University of South Florida eine innovative Art der Korrosionsdetektion entwickelt, die auf dem Messprinzip der Kelvinsonde basiert. Die Methode hat den großen Vorteil, dass kein physischer Kontakt zum Beton erforderlich ist. Die Lage und die Verteilung der mit der Kelvinsonde gemessenen Oberflächenpotentiale zeigen in Vergleichsmessungen sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit Messwerten aus der potentialfeldmessung. Beide Methoden zur Korrosionsdetektion werden hier vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Population‐based birth defects data in the United States, 2012–2016: A focus on abdominal wall defects
Authors: Stallings Erin B. , Isenburg Jennifer L. , Short Tyiesha D. , Heinke Dominique , Kirby Russell S. , Romitti Paul A. , Canfield Mark A. , O'Leary Leslie A. , Liberman Rebecca F. , Forestieri Nina E. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Sandidge Theresa , Nestoridi Eirini , Salemi Jason L. , Nance Amy E. , Duckett Kirstan , Ramirez Glenda M. , Shan Xiaoyi , Shi Jing , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIn this report, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) examines and compares gastroschisis and omphalocele for a recent 5‐year birth cohort using data from 30 population‐based birth defect surveillance programs in the United States.MethodsAs a special call for data for the 2019 NBDPN Annual Report, state programs reported expanded data on gastroschisis and omphalocele for birth years 2012–2016. We estimated the overall prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each defect as well as by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, and case ascertainment methodology utilized by the program (active vs. passive). We also compared distribution of cases by maternal and infant factors and presence/absence of other birth defects.ResultsThe overall prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were 4.3 (95% CI: 4.1–4.4) for gastroschisis and 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0–2.2) for omphalocele. Gastroschisis was more frequent among young mothers (<25 years) and omphalocele more common among older mothers (>40 years). Mothers of infants with gastroschisis were more likely to be underweight/normal weight prior to pregnancy and mothers of infants with omphalocele more likely to be overweight/obese. Omphalocele was twice as likely as gastroschisis to co‐occur with other birth defects.ConclusionsThis report highlights important differences between gastroschisis and omphalocele. These differences indicate the importance of distinguishing between these defects in epidemiologic assessments. The report also provides additional data on co‐occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele with other birth defects. This information can provide a basis for future research to better understand these defects.
Clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant small renal masses among Asian population
Authors: Shen Lin , Li Yanyan , Li Na , Zhao Yajie , Zhou Qin , Li Zhanzhan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe assessed the clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant small renal masses using a meta‐analysis of diagnostic test. We performed a comprehensive online search in the following database including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception to August 25, 2019. the following index were calculated for assessing the diagnostic ability, including sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The overall sensitivity was 0.93 with 95% CI of 0.88‐0.95. The specificity was 0.71 and the 95% CI was 0.60‐0.80. The pooled AUC was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88‐0.93). The diagnostic odds ratio was 31 (95% CI: 21‐45). The NLR and PLR were 0.10 (95% CI: 0.07‐0.15) and 3.2(95% CI: 2.3‐4.4), respectively. There is a slight heterogeneity within studies. The subgroup analysis was also performed. For retrospective and perspective, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.71, 0.73; For different diameter lesions, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93, 0.94 and 0.64, 0.74; For sample size (≤median vs. >median), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94, 0.93 and 0.67, 0.77. The Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test in indicated no publication bias. The CEUS have a high diagnostic ability in differentiating benign and malignant small renal masses among Asian population.
A New Type of Anatolian Propolis: Evaluation of Its Chemical Composition, Activity Profile and Botanical Origin
Authors: Tugba Degirmencioglu Hacer , Guzelmeric Etil , Yuksel Parla Isil , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Deniz Inci , Yesilada Erdem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study was undertaken to analyze the phenolic profiles of 19 propolis samples from Turkey by using a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method in order to identify their plant origins. Furthermore, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity profiles were comparatively evaluated. For the appraisal of antioxidant potential, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of propolis samples were firstly determined and then their effects on free radicals were evaluated by FRAP, ABTS.+, CUPRAC, DPPH. and HPTLC‐DPPH. methods. Antimicrobial activity of propolis samples against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. HPTLC fingerprinting analyses revealed that O‐type (botanical origin from Populus nigra L.) was the primarily available propolis type in Turkey. Moreover, 3‐O‐methylquercetin (3MQ) rich propolis was identified as a new propolis type for the first time. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that 3MQ‐type propolis differs from the O‐type. Antioxidant activity studies showed that O‐type of propolis possesses higher antioxidant effect than the other tested propolis types. Quercetin, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin were determined to contribute significantly to the antioxidant potential of O‐type propolis among others. Propolis extracts exerted moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms with MIC values between the ranges of 128–512 μg/mL.
Study of the protective effect on damaged intestinal epithelial cells of rat multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells
Authors: Sun Dong , Yang Liu , Cao Huan , Shen Zhong‐Yang , Song Hong‐Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we determined whether multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells exist in rat bone marrow and elucidated their effects on protection against the injury of intestinal epithelial cells associated with inflammation. Rat Muse cells were separated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) by trypsin‐incubation stress. The group of cells maintained the characteristics of BMMSCs; however, there were high positive expression levels of stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐3 (SSEA‐3; 75.6 ± 2.8%) and stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐1 (SSEA‐1; 74.8 ± 3.1%), as well as specific antigens including Nanog, POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT 3/4), and SRY‐box 2 (SOX 2). After inducing differentiation, α‐fetoprotein (endodermal), α‐smooth muscle actin and neurofilament medium polypeptide (ectodermal) were positive in Muse cells. Injuries of intestinal epithelial crypt cell‐6 (IEC‐6) and colorectal adenocarcinoma 2 (Caco‐2) cells as models were induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation in vitro. Muse cells exhibited significant protective effects on the proliferation and intestinal barrier structure, the underlying mechanisms of which were related to reduced levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and the restoration of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and IL‐10 in the inflammation microenvironment. In summary, there were minimal levels of pluripotent stem cells in rat bone marrow, which exhibit similar properties to human Muse cells. Rat Muse cells could provide protection against damage to intestinal epithelial cells depending on their anti‐inflammatory and immune regulatory functionality. Their functional impact was more obvious than that of BMMSCs.
Breast tuberculosis: A case report of primary type mammary tuberculosis
Authors: Tazzioli Giovanni , Macolino Antonella , Combi Francesca , Palma Enza , Papi Simona , Codeluppi Mauro , Mussini Cristina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMammary tuberculosis is exceptional in developed countries. It can mimic an abscess or a granulomatous mastitis. In subjects coming from endemic areas, it is necessary to suspect a tuberculosis infection in case of recurrent mastitis refractory to antibiotics. Positivity of Quantiferon‐TB Gold assay can help to confirm the clinical suspicion.
Efficient Synthesis of Muramic and Glucuronic Acid Glycodendrimers as Dengue Virus Antagonists
Authors: García‐Oliva Cecilia , Cabanillas Alfredo H. , Perona Almudena , Hoyos Pilar , Rumbero Ángel , Hernáiz María J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates are involved in many important pathological processes, such as bacterial and viral infections, by means of carbohydrate‐protein interactions. Glycoconjugates with multiple carbohydrates are involved in multivalent interactions, thus increasing their binding strengths to proteins. In this work, we report the efficient synthesis of novel muramic and glucuronic acid glycodendrimers as potential Dengue virus antagonists. Aromatic scaffolds functionalized with a terminal ethynyl groups were coupled to muramic and glucuronic acid azides by click chemistry through optimized synthetic strategies to afford the desired glycodendrimers with high yields. Surface Plasmon Resonance studies have demonstrated that the compounds reported bind efficiently to the Dengue virus envelope protein. Molecular modelling studies were carried out to simulate and explain the binding observed. These studies confirm that efficient chemical synthesis of glycodendrimers can be brought about easily offering a versatile strategy to find new active compounds against Dengue virus.
Organic Semiconducting Materials Based on BDOPV: Structures, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Ding Li , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: October 2019

What are the major current research activities of your group?To develop high performance organic semiconducting and conducting materials and also to understand their structure‐property relationships. We are also interested in the effect of the aggregation states of the conjugated polymers on their electronic properties, the doping process and mechanism.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity and the desire to learn. Meanwhile, one should enjoy and be happy in the process of scientific exploration.Could you please share some experiences with young researchers in starting up their career?Keeping in mind that doing research is never a torturous course but always a process with pleasure, during which your curiosity gets satisfiedand you can better understand about the science under the experiment. Meanwhile, one will get a sense of achievement whenever you solve a problem or overcome the challenge.How do you supervise your students?A supervise should share joys and tears with them, and give them a hand when they need help.What's your hobbies?I enjoy anything that makes me think, like reading. And I prefer cooking.Which kinds of journals do you think are outstanding journals?There is no need for us to evaluate a commercialized journal. One should focus on the research process they are conducting instead of the publications.Organic semiconductors have achieved remarkable development due to their promising applications in low‐cost, lightweight, and flexible electronics. Both n‐type and p‐type semiconductors with comparable performance are necessary for high quality p‐n junctions, complementary circuits. However, compared with their p‐type counterparts, in which the hole mobilities are even up to 40 cm2·V–1·s–1, only few n‐type semiconductors exhibited electron mobilities surpassing 1 cm2·V–1·s–1. Recently, benzodifurandione‐ based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)‐based small molecules and polymers have exhibited outstanding electronic performance and ambient‐stability: the highest electron mobility is up to 14.9 cm2·V–1·s–1. In addition, BDOPV‐based polymers exhibit great potential applications in thermoelectric devices, biomedicine, etc. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight into BDOPV derivatives from rational design, structure‐property relationships, morphology control, and their applications.