bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Role of Mental Health Clubhouses in Promoting Wellness and Health Equity Using Pilinahā—An Indigenous Framework for Health
Authors: Agner Joy , Barile John P. , Botero Adriana , Cha Tiffany , Herrera Nikolas , Kaukau Tyra M. , Nakamura Lisa , Inada Megan ,   Hawai‘i Clubhouse Coalition
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illness need to be engaged in defining their own vision of wellness to promote equity and reduce disparities. This photovoice study helps define what wellness is and how it is achieved in mental health Clubhouses in Hawai‘i. Results from a photovoice study with 43 members and staff were analyzed using Pilinahā, a Native Hawaiian framework for health. Pilinahā envisions health through connection to place, community, past and future, and one’s better self. Within Clubhouses, connection to place included connection to ‘āina (land) and the access to a safe space. Connection to community occurred through reciprocal social support, which developed kuleana (responsibility), and a sense of ‘ohana (family) for many members who were previously isolated. Connection to one’s better self‐involved positive identity change, development of hope, and pursuing opportunities within and outside the Clubhouse. Connection to past and future was described through individual narratives, remembering members who had died, and connection to cultural traditions. Overall, wellness was conceptualized as the ability to work toward dreams, engage in cultural practice, and feel accepted, respected, and valued—to be treated with aloha. Findings provide a culturally responsive perspective on wellness and illustrate the value of Clubhouses as a space for mental health recovery and transformative change.
Skalierbare und wiederverwertbare organische Kolloide als Kaskadenkatalysatoren
Authors: Chen Chen , Janoszka Nicole , Wong Chin Ken , Gramse Christian , Weberskirch Ralf , Gröschel André H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiese Arbeit beschreibt die tensidfreie Emulsionspolymerisation (SFEP) von Kern‐Schale‐Mikropartikeln (CSM), welche mit einem Säurekatalysator im Kern und einem Basenkatalysator in der Schale ausgestattet sind. Die organokatalytischen Monomere wurden separat über drei Reaktionsschritte eingebaut, wodurch die räumliche Trennung der inkompatiblen sauren und basischen Katalysatoren in den CSM ermöglicht wird. Ein wichtiger Schritt war dabei die Verwendung eines geschützten und thermisch zersetzbaren Sulfonat‐Monomers als Säurequelle, um eine Neutralisation des Basenkatalysators während der Schalenbildung zu vermeiden. Dieser Schritt ist essentiell, um stabile und katalytisch aktive CSM zu erhalten. Die CSM wirken als Kaskadenkatalysatoren und weisen eine hohe katalytische Aktivität auf, die an einer Eintopfkaskadenreaktion untersucht wurden. Die Kaskadenreaktion wurde in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (darunter auch Wasser) untersucht und verlief über eine säurenkatalysierte Deacetalisierung gefolgt von einer basenkatalysierten Knoevenagel‐Kondensation. Die CSM können nach der Reaktion leicht zurückgewonnen werden, lassen sich einfach modifizieren und die Synthese ist skalierbar, was sie zu vielversprechenden Kandidaten für organokatalytische Anwendungen macht.
Dual Intramolecular Electron Transfer for In Situ Coreactant‐Embedded Electrochemiluminescence Microimaging of Membrane Protein
Authors: Wang Ningning , Gao Hang , Li Yunzhi , Li Guangming , Chen Weiwei , Jin Zhongchao , Lei Jianping , Wei Qin , Ju Huangxian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe demand for transporting coreactant to emitter and short lifetime of the radicals in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission inhibit greatly its application in cytosensing and microscopic imaging. Herein we designed a dual intramolecular electron transfer strategy and tertiary amine conjugated polymer dots (TEA‐Pdots) to develop a coreactant‐embedded ECL mechanism and microimaging system. The TEA‐Pdots could produce ECL emission at +1.2 V without need of coreactant in test solution. The superstructure and intramolecular electron transfer led to unprecedented ECL strength, which was 132 and 45 times stronger than those from the mixture of Pdots with TEA at equivalent and 62.5 times higher amounts, respectively. The ECL efficiency was even higher than that of typical [Ru(bpy)3]2+ system. Therefore, this strategy and coreactant‐embedded ECL system could be used for in situ ECL microimaging of membrane protein on single living cells without additional permeable treatment for transporting coreactant. The feasibility and validity were demonstrated by evaluating the specific protein expression on cell surface. This work opens new avenues for ECL applications in single cell analysis and dynamic study of biological events.
Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with Symmetry‐Tuned Polarity and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Xu Junsong , Yang Can , Bi Shuai , Wang Wenyan , He Yafei , Wu Dongqing , Liang Qifeng , Wang Xinchen , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe polarity of a semiconducting molecule affects its intrinsic photophysical properties, which can be tuned by varying the molecular geometry. Herein, we developed aD3h‐symmetric tricyanomesitylene as a new monomer which could be reticulated into a vinylene‐linked covalent organic framework (g‐C54N6‐COF) via Knoevenagel condensation with anotherD3h‐symmetric monomer 2,4,6‐tris(4′‐formyl‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine. Replacing tricyanomesitylene with aC2v‐symmetric 3,5‐dicyano‐2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine gave a less‐symmetric vinylene‐linked COF (g‐C52N6‐COF). The octupolar conjugated characters of g‐C54N6‐COF were reflected in its scarce solvatochromic effects either in ground or excited states, and endowed it with more promising semiconducting behavior as compared with g‐C52N6‐COF, such as enhanced light‐harvesting and excellent photo‐induced charge generation and separation. Along with the matched energy level, g‐C54N6‐COF enabled the two‐half reactions of photocatalytic water splitting with an average O2evolution rate of 51.0 μmol h−1 g−1and H2evolution rate of 2518.9 μmol h−1 g−1. Such values are among the highest of state‐of‐the‐art COF photocatalysts.
Next Generation of Zinc Bisguanidine Polymerization Catalysts towards Highly Crystalline, Biodegradable Polyesters
Authors: Hermann Alina , Hill Stephen , Metz Angela , Heck Joshua , Hoffmann Alexander , Hartmann Laura , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolylactide and polycaprolactone are both biodegradable polymers produced through metal‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization. For a truly sustainable lifecycle of these polymers it is essential to replace the industrially used cytotoxic catalyst tin(II) bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) [Sn(Oct)2] with non‐toxic alternatives. Here, we report the fastest known robust catalyst in the polymerization of lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone. This zinc guanidine catalyst can polymerize non‐purified technical rac‐lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone in the melt at different [M]/[I] ratios with fast rate constants, high molar masses, and high yields in a short time, leading to colorless, transparent polymer. Moreover, we report that polylactide and polycaprolactone produced by zinc‐guanidine complexes have favorably high crystallinities. In fact, the obtained polylactide shows a more robust degradation profile than its Sn(Oct)2‐catalysed equivalent due to a higher degree of crystallinity.
Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization of N‐Oxy‐amides to N‐Fused Spirolactams**
Authors: Habert Loïc , Cariou Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIodoarene catalysis is a powerful methodology that usually requires an excess of oxidant, or of redox mediator if the terminal oxidant is dioxygen, to generate the key hypervalent iodine intermediate to proceed efficiently. We report that, using the spiro‐cyclization of amides as a benchmark reaction, aerobic iodoarene catalysis can be enabled by relying on a pyrylium photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. This unprecedented dual organocatalytic system allows the use of low catalytic loading of both catalysts under very mild operating conditions.
Antimicrobial and biodegradable materials based on ε‐caprolactone derivatives
Authors: Mamba Feziwe Bathabile , Ndlovu Thando , Mbizana Siyasanga , Khan Wesaal , Gule Nonjabulo Prudence 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAppropriate wound care is pivotal in preventing wound and postsurgery infections, which remain a serious clinical problem. In this study, we report the successful fabrication of antimicrobial and biodegradable materials for possible use in the medical field. Amino functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL [Poly(CL‐co‐ACL)]) was synthesized via ring opening polymerization. This polymer was then functionalized via the pendant amine to induce antimicrobial efficacy. This was done through the grafting of poly(lysine) onto the amine as well as the quaternization of the amine using alkyl halides. The chemical structures of the synthesized monomers and polymers were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The molecular weights of the polymers were determined using gel permeation chromatography. Nanofibre scaffolds were produced from the polymers using the electrospinning technique and these were characterized though scanning electron microscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy of the fabricated materials was tested against the Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bacteria using the disc diffusion and shake flask methods. The polymers demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy. The fibers were exceptionally biodegradable which opens a lot of applications in the biomedical space.
“Poly (sulfur/oil) impregnated cotton: A newly developed material for effective oil removal from contaminated water”
Authors: Bajpai Sunil Kumar , Dubey Deepika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a unique material has been developed by carrying out in situ co‐polymerization of sulfur and triglycerides (edible oil) within the cotton fibers to yield poly (sulfur/oil) impregnated cotton (PSOIC) composite material. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and SEM analysis. The equilibrium oil uptake studies were carried out in batch mode experiments and the sorption data were analyzed by various sorption isotherm models. The Langmuir model was found to be best fitted with maximum oil sorption capacity Qo of 9.52 g/g polymer. On the contrary, the conventional poly (sulfur/oil) adsorbent showed a Qo value of 2.35 g/g polymer, thus indicating the suitability and superiority of PSOIC over PSO material. The newly developed PSOIC material could be pressed in the form of sheets and was successful in removing oil/grease layer from the oil/water mixture. The adsorbent showed fair re‐generation capacity, thus minimizing the cost effectiveness to employ in large‐scale removal processes.
The effect of degree of polymerization on the structure and properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers with high strength and high modulus
Authors: Hong Xinqiu , Xu Yongjing , Zou Liming , Li Yan Vivian , He Junwei , Zhao Jiongxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were prepared using PVA with different degree of polymerization (DP) under the same wet spinning process. The effect of the DP of PVA on the structures and properties of PVA and PVA fibers were studied by using nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results showed that DP had little effect on the crystallinity and tacticity of PVA, but had a positive effect on melting temperature, and initial decomposition temperature of PVAs. The hot drawing ratio determined by the spinning process where the PVA fibers could be continuously collected without breaking. The drawing ratio was decreased with an increase of DP, resulting in an increase of the final fiber diameter. The PVA fibers with medium DP and medium size demonstrated high strength and high modulus, but relatively low breaking elongation. It suggested that high DP of PVA was not a guarantee of high strength and high modulus PVA fibers, but rather a primary structure factor. The fiber performance was determined by a comprehensive effect combining a variety of factors including polymer properties and spinning conditions. It provided a guideline for PVA fiber manufacture that the PVAs with different DP require different spinning processes to obtain optimal fiber performance.
Publish, then perish? Five years on, sawfishes are still at risk in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Alifa Bintha , Leeney Ruth H. , Biswas Aparna Riti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Sawfishes are highly threatened globally, and current data on their conservation status in the Indian Ocean are limited. A baseline study conducted in 2011–2012 revealed that at least two species of sawfish were still present in Bangladeshi waters and highlighted several important steps that could be taken to prevent populations from further decline.
Regular visits to landing sites in the south‐eastern coastal region of Bangladesh were conducted to collect data on sawfish landings. A telephone reporting system was developed amongst shark traders and fishers, to facilitate immediate reporting of sawfish landings.
Between 15 October 2016 and 26 December 2017, landings of 25 sawfishes were documented, of which at least 17 were largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. No evidence of narrow sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata was observed, which may suggest that this species has become rare.
These data were collected 5 years after the baseline study was conducted and after several years of broader efforts to highlight the precarious status of sawfish populations globally. The findings illustrate that largetooth sawfish continue to be landed and that none of the management or community engagement activities previously recommended, in order to reduce catch rates, have been implemented.
This is an example of the research–practitioner divide, where published scientific research on a group of highly endangered elasmobranchs has not led to their protection. A strategy for communicating the findings of this study and the critical need for local conservation action for sawfishes to key national and local stakeholders is presented, alongside a suite of actions that can be feasibly implemented in the next 12 months.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Nano‐Onions from Citric Acid
Authors: Sang Song , Yang Sheng , Guo Aoping , Gao Xiang , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Ce , Cui Fangming , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon nano‐onions with concentric fullerene‐like carbon shells were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of citric acids at 180 °C and formed through the intermediates of graphene quantum dots, graphitic nano‐sheets and graphitic hollow polyhedrons. The graphene quantum dots were firstly formed by the dehydration of citric acids and then grew and stacked into graphitic nano‐sheets, which curved into graphitic hollow polyhedrons due to the interface energy. The graphitic hollow polyhedrons eventually transformed into spherical carbon nano‐onions with the lowest interface energy in the hydrothermal solution by disordering and rearrangement of the carbon shell.
Observing Visual Attention and Writing Behaviors During a Writing Assessment: Comparing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Peers with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Zajic Matthew Carl , Solari Emily Jane , McIntyre Nancy Susan , Lerro Lindsay , Mundy Peter Clive 
Published: September 2020

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneous writing skills that are generally lower than their typically developing (TD) peers and similar to peers with attention difficulties like attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent evidence suggests children with ASD spend less time engaging in writing tasks compared to their peers, but previous studies have not examined engagement specifically within the writing task environment. This study used video observation data collected from 121 school‐age children (60 children with ASD, 32 children with ADHD, and 29 TD children) to compare differences in visual attention and writing task behaviors and relationships between task behaviors and age, cognitive skills, and ASD and ADHD symptom severity. Findings indicated that groups mostly spent time looking at and writing on the draft, though this was lowest in the ASD group. No differences were found between the ASD and ADHD groups after accounting for task behavior durations as percentages of total used task time. Groups spent little time looking at their outlines and looking away from the task, with all groups spending relatively more time looking at the task picture. Time spent engaged with the draft showed a positive relationship with writing performance across groups, but a negative relationship between time spent looking at the task picture and writing performance only appeared for the ADHD group. The ASD and ADHD groups showed negative associations between draft engagement and ASD symptom severity but not ADHD symptom severity. Implications are discussed for understanding writing task engagement in research and instructional contexts.Lay SummaryChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate variable writing skills. Here, we examine how children with ASD engage during a writing task by using video observation data to compare their engagement to peers with and without attention difficulties. Findings indicate (a) lower draft engagement and similar task disengagement in children with ASD compared to their peers and (b) moderate‐to‐strong relationships between writing scores and ASD symptom severity with within‐task engagement in children with ASD and their peers with attention difficulties.
Memantine, Donepezil, or Combination Therapy—What is the best therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease? A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Guo Jiaxun , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Ruishu , Huang Yunxia , Zhang Nan , Zhang Ruihan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that progresses over time, heavily burdening patients, families, and aging societies worldwide. Memantine and donepezil are frequently used in its treatment, both as monotherapy and in combination. This multiple treatment comparison meta‐analysis assessed the efficacy of these regimens and placebo in the management of AD.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Wanfang Med Online and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for English and Chinese publications from the first records to 17 April 2020. Two investigators scanned articles for placebo‐controlled trials of memantine and donepezil alone and in combination. We extracted data on the following outcomes: cognition, global assessment, daily activities, neuropsychiatric symptoms, adverse events, and the acceptability and cost of these treatment regimens.ResultsOf 936 records screened, we included 54 trials in this analysis. The combination therapy was more effective in improving cognition (mean difference (MD)‐5.01, 95% credible interval (95% Crl) −10.73 to 0.86 in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale; MD 9.61, 95% Crl 2.29 to 16.97 in the Severe Impairment Battery), global assessment (MD −2.88, 95% Crl −6.04 to 0.40), daily activities (MD 13.06, 95% Crl −34.04 to 58.92), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (MD −6.84, 95% Crl −10.62 to –2.82) compared with placebo. Memantine was more acceptable than placebo (MD 0.93, 95% Crl 0.69 to 1.22).ConclusionsMemantine plus donepezil showed superior outcomes for cognition, global assessment, daily activities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, but lower acceptability than monotherapy and placebo. Combination therapy may be more cost‐effective, because memantine slows the progression of AD.
Inhibition of RNF6 alleviates traumatic brain injury by suppressing STAT3 signaling in rats
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Gang , Cui Shukun , Du Guoliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has ranked as one of the leading causes of disability and death in the world. The neuroinflammation mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling during the progression of TBI leads to long‐term neurodegeneration. Ring finger protein 6 (RNF‐6) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and can regulate the activity of STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting its inhibitors. However, the mechanism underlying this process in TBI remains poorly understood.MethodsIn this research, cortical impact injury was used to construct the TBI rat model. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein levels of RNF6, Src homology 2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1), and STAT3/pSTAT3. QRT‐PCR assay was performed to assess the RNA levels of RNF6 and other cytokines. The neural function of TBI rats was estimated by modified Neurological Severity Scores test.ResultsThe expression of RNF‐6 was up‐regulated in the brain tissues of TBI rats. Down‐regulation of RNF6 alleviated the symptoms and improved the neural recovery postinjury in TBI rats. Inhibition of RNF6 suppressed the cerebral inflammation by up‐regulating the protein level of SHP‐1 and down‐regulating the phosphorylation level of STAT3.ConclusionInhibition of RNF6 alleviated TBI by suppressing the STAT3 signaling in TBI rats.
Do audit committee attributes influence integrated reporting quality? An agency theory viewpoint
Authors: Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo , Marrone Arcangelo , Rubino Michele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe limits of financial disclosure in meeting the investors' needs have led to the request for reporting frameworks capable of incorporating information of different nature. Integrated reporting (IR), which is the latest novelty in organisational reporting practice, promises to bring together material financial and non‐financial information. IR has received considerable academic attention in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to the role of the audit committee in IR processes, despite the influence that this body has on disclosure, thanks to its supervisory and monitoring functions. This study bridges this gap by analysing the effect of the audit committee attributes on integrated reporting quality (IRQ) from an agency theory perspective. The regression analysis, conducted on a sample of 125 international firms, demonstrated a positive effect of size, independence and meeting frequency of the audit committee on IRQ and a non‐significant effect of financial expertise.