bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Coordinate Step Atoms via Plasma‐Assisted Calcinations to Enhance Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Ling Faling , Zi Xiangrong , Wang Yanwei , Zhang Han , Zhang Huijuan , Zhou Miao , Guo Zaiping , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is emerging as a promising alternative to the industrial Haber–Bosch process for distributed and modular production of NH3. Nevertheless, developing high‐efficiency catalysts to simultaneously realize both high activity and selectivity for the development of a sustainable NRR is very critical but extremely challenging. Here, a unique plasma‐assisted strategy is developed to synthesize iridium diphosphide nanocrystals with abundant surface step atoms anchored in P,N‐codoped porous carbon nanofilms (IrP2@PNPC‐NF), where the edges of the IrP2 nanocrystals are extremely irregular, and the ultrathin PNPC‐NF possesses a honeycomb‐like macroporous structure. These characteristics ensure that IrP2@PNPC‐NF delivers superior NRR performance with an NH3 yield rate of 94.0 µg h−1 mg−1cat. and a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 17.8%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unique NRR performance originates from the low‐coordinate step atoms on the edges of IrP2 nanocrystals, which can lower the reaction barrier to improve the NRR activity and simultaneously inhibit hydrogen evolution to achieve a high FE for NH3 formation. More importantly, such a plasma‐assisted strategy is general and can be extended to the synthesis of other high‐melting‐point noble‐metal phosphides (OsP2@PNPC‐NF, Re3P4@PNPC‐NF, etc.) with abundant step atoms at lower temperatures.
Prescribing DNA Origami Patterns via Scaffold Decoration
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Li Qian , Liu Xiaoguo , Fan Chunhai , Liu Huajie , Wang Lihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDNA origami has rapidly emerged as a powerful technique to fabricate user‐defined DNA nanostructures. However, the ability to custom‐make patterns on DNA origami template is hampered by the heavy workload and high cost of changing staple DNA (up to several hundred strands per set). Here, a scaffold‐decorated DNA origami method is developed by prescribing the pattern information to the scaffold DNA. For each pixel of an origami, a designed “pixel strand” (P‐strand) is hybridized to the scaffold, strongly preoccupying a specific position and competing with invading staples in a mild origami assembly. To fabricate a new origami pattern, the P‐strand set needs to be replaced with a universal staple set. The yield of thus‐fabricated DNA origami patterns is comparable to a conventional DNA origami with canonical method. One‐pot fabrication of three different nanopatterns in a single test‐tube is further demonstrated. Also, dynamic switch of the pattern is shown. This method provides a generic approach and offers large flexibility for scaling up the nanofabrication with DNA origami by kinetically modulating the reaction pathway of the staples with the scaffold DNA, which represents a novel route in the self‐assembly of complex biomolecular systems.
Pasting, Rheological, and Thermal Properties and Structural Characteristics of Large and Small Arenga pinnata Starch Granules
Authors: Mei Jiang‐Yang , Zhang Lu , Lin Ying , Li Shu‐Bo , Bai Cong‐Hao , Fu Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArenga pinnata starch (APS) is separated into large and small size fractions. The large granules (APS‐L) show a more elongated oval shape, while the small granules (APS‐S) are roughly close to a round shape. The large and small granules exhibit a Maltese cross at one end of the APS granules. Both large and small fractions show C‐type crystallinity, but the APS‐L display a higher crystallinity and more ordered molecular structure. In addition, APS‐L have higher helices content than that of APS‐S. The APS‐L have higher peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity values, breakdown value, gelatinization enthalpy, and gelatinization temperatures than that of the APS‐S, but the APS‐L fraction displays a lower setback value. The APS‐S gel is more elastic and more solid than APS‐L gel. The results indicate that granule size is significantly related to pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of the APS.
Effective throughput of alternate rician shadowed fading links
Authors: Bilim Mehmet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe performance of effective throughput (ET) over alternate Rician‐shadowed fading channels is analyzed. A novel expression for the exact ET is obtained in terms of the Meijer'sGfunction. Moreover, an asymptotic ET expression at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio regime is also derived to gain more insight. In order to prove the correctness of our analytical derivations, some comparisons between the exact simulations and numerical results are presented. The results demonstrate that increasing the value ofmshadowing fading is more dominant than the value ofKi (i ∈ {1, 2}) Rician parameters since this means a weak shadowing condition. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Literature Selection Bookmark
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin Luke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe author introduces the literature selection bookmark, a tool that inservice and preservice teachers who are teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in international contexts can use to guide them in selecting authentic children’s English literature and analyze its utility in the elementary English‐language classroom. Authentic children’s English literature, stories written for children to read for pleasure in English‐speaking countries, are a useful teaching resource in the EFL classroom. The author describes the tool’s function, design, and use in a teacher preparation course for preservice EFL teachers in Hong Kong. The author also includes preservice teachers’ thoughts about the bookmark’s potential usefulness in the EFL classroom.
Circulating nutrient concentrations in free‐ranging Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in Punta San Juan, Peru
Authors: Colchao Paulo , Adkesson Michael J. , Allender Matthew C. , Fascetti Andrea J. , Cardeña Marco , Cárdenas‐Alayza Susana , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Deem Sharon L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFree‐ranging Humboldt penguin (HP, Spheniscus humboldti) populations are under pressure from resource competition with industrial fisheries, habitat loss, and El Niño Southern Oscillation events. Foraging patterns for this top marine predator change during periods of aberrant oceanographic conditions and scarce fish stock numbers. These radical dietary fluctuations can lead to poor fertility, early embryonic death, poor hatchability, suppressed immune function, high chick mortality, and illness. To understand the variability of nutrient status in reproductive seasons, we measured select circulating nutrient concentrations (fat‐soluble vitamins A, D, E, and carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, and electrolytes) of 105 HP at Punta San Juan, Peru during the first reproductive seasons of 2007 and 2008. We determined significant differences in nutrient status between sexes, years of sampling, and reproductive stages. Males (4.5 ± 0.38 kg) weighed more than females (4.0 ± 0.29 kg) and exhibited higher concentrations of vitamin A (0.71 ± 0.11 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 µg/ml) and docosahexaenoic acid (6.70 ± 1.61 vs. 5.65 ± 1.59%). Males also displayed lower concentrations of β‐carotene (0.01 ± 0.01 vs. 0.012 ± 0.001 µg/ml) and phosphorus (3.43 ± 0.83 vs. 4.40 ± 1.66 mg/dl). Comparison between the 2 years showed most circulating amino acid concentrations were higher in 2007. Significant differences in circulating amino acids and vitamins were also noted between different reproductive stages. These results demonstrate concentrations of nutrients can vary due to the physiological state of the animal, as well as the overall dynamics of their marine ecosystem habitat.
Bio-inspired design: the impact of collaboration between engineers and biologists on analogical transfer and ideation
Authors: Hashemi Farzaneh Helena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo develop innovative technical solutions, designers seek inspiration from nature and its almost infinite pool of biological solutions. However, understanding biological solutions and transferring appropriate analogies to develop technical solutions pose a considerable challenge. A strategy to facilitate interdisciplinary understanding is collaboration between engineers and biologists. So far, the impact of this type of collaboration on analogical transfer and ideation has not been studied in an experimental setting. To close this research gap, this work examines design experiments with engineer–biologist pairs, half of whom were provided with a support for analogical transfer (BioId Support). Engineer–biologist pairs were compared to single disciplinary pairs with regards to the transfer of selected analogy categories. The impact of the transferred analogy categories on the quality of solution ideas was analysed—quality was regarded as an indicator for the solution ideas’ innovative potential. The results show a positive influence of the supported collaboration between engineers and biologists on the transferred analogy categories. These analogy categories positively influence the quality of solution ideas. This work indicates benefits of collaboration between engineers and biologists for bio-inspired design. In addition, it provides a starting point for improving bio-inspired design methods.
Boundary Effect on the Nodal Length for Arithmetic Random Waves, and Spectral Semi-correlations
Authors: Cammarota Valentina , Klurman Oleksiy , Wigman Igor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe test M. Berry’s ansatz on nodal deficiency in presence of boundary. The square billiard is studied, where the high spectral degeneracies allow for the introduction of a Gaussian ensemble of random Laplace eigenfunctions (“boundary-adapted arithmetic random waves”). As a result of a precise asymptotic analysis, two terms in the asymptotic expansion of the expected nodal length are derived, in the high energy limit along a generic sequence of energy levels. It is found that the precise nodal deficiency or surplus of the nodal length depends on arithmetic properties of the energy levels, in an explicit way. To obtain the said results we apply the Kac–Rice method for computing the expected nodal length of a Gaussian random field. Such an application uncovers major obstacles, e.g. the occurrence of “bad” subdomains, that, one hopes, contribute insignificantly to the nodal length. Fortunately, we were able to reduce this contribution to a number theoretic question of counting the “spectral semi-correlations”, a concept joining the likes of “spectral correlations” and “spectral quasi-correlations” in having impact on the nodal length for arithmetic dynamical systems. This work rests on several breakthrough techniques of J. Bourgain, whose interest in the subject helped shaping it to high extent, and whose fundamental work on spectral correlations, joint with E. Bombieri, has had a crucial impact on the field.
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) protein expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in aggressive and TP53-mutated salivary gland carcinomas
Authors: Arolt Christoph , Meyer Moritz , Ruesseler Vanessa , Nachtsheim Lisa , Wuerdemann Nora , Dreyer Thomas , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Wittekindt Claus , Buettner Reinhard , Quaas Alexander , Klussmann Jens Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSalivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare and can be subdivided into distinct entities, some of which confer a poor prognosis. As targets for effective systemic therapy are warranted, some studies investigated the role of immune-checkpoint proteins PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in SGC. Our study depicts the expression of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) in a test cohort and a larger validation cohort, totaling 139 SGCs. LAG3 is expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mediates T cell exhaustion and is subject to numerous currently recruiting clinical studies. Overall, one-third of SGCs were infiltrated by LAG3-expressing TILs with a strikingly high concordance between the test cohort and the validation cohort (30% and 28.2%, respectively). In the validation cohort, entity-wise LAG3 expression frequencies were highly variable. The highest rates were observed in salivary duct carcinoma (SDC; 66.7%) and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (ANOS; 50.0%). We observed LAG3 expression on effector T cells and in smaller frequencies also on FOXP3− T helper cells and FOXP3+ Tregs. LAG3 expression significantly correlated with advanced nodal metastases, cytotoxic T cell infiltrate and TP53 mutations. In the group of adenoid cystic carcinomas, LAG3 expression was also associated with a shorter event-free survival (EFS). Tumors with TP53 nonsense mutations (TP53 null type) exhibited higher LAG3 frequencies and a shorter EFS compared to TP53 wild type. This is the first report of LAG3 expression in SGC, a promising target for immunotherapy. LAG3 blockage could be distinctly applicable for SDC and ANOS, two SGC types with a particularly poor outcome.
The effects of soft tissue lateral release on the stability of the ligament complex of the knee
Authors: Völlner Florian , Herl Florian , Greimel Felix , Benditz Achim , Renkawitz Tobias , Grifka Joachim , Craiovan Benjamin , Weber Markus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Valgus deformity presents a particular challenge in total knee arthroplasty. This condition regularly leads to contractures of the lateral capsular ligament complex and to overstretching of the medial ligamentous complex. Reconstruction of the knee joint kinematics and anatomy often requires lateral release. However, data on how such release weakens the stability of the knee are missing in the literature. This study investigated the effects of sequential lateral release on the collateral stability of the ligament complex of the knee in vitro.

Methods
Ten knee prostheses were implanted in 10 healthy cadaveric knee joints using a navigation device. Soft tissue lateral release consisted of five release steps, and stiffness and stability were determined at 0, 30, 60 and 90° flexion after each step.

Results
Soft tissue lateral release increasingly weakened the ligament complex of the lateral compartment. Because of the large muscular parts, the release of the iliotibial band and the M. popliteus had little effect on the stability of the lateral and medial compartment, but release of the lateral ligament significantly decreased the stability in the lateral compartment over the entire range of motion. Stability in the medial compartment was hardly affected. Conversely, further release of the posterolateral capsule and the posterior cruciate ligament led to the loss of stability in the lateral compartment only in deep flexion, whereas stability decreased significantly in the medial compartment.

Conclusion
Our study shows for the first time the association between sequential lateral release and stability of the ligamentous complex of the knee. To maintain the stability, knee surgeons should avoid releasing the entire lateral collateral ligament, which would significantly decrease stability in the lateral compartment.
Intratympanic gentamycine for Ménière’s disease: is there a selective vestibulotoxic effect?
Authors: Molnár András , Maihoub Stefani , Gáborján Anita , Tamás László , Szirmai Ágnes 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the treatment, based on vertigo diaries and pure tone audiograms.

Methods
The complete medical documentation of 105 definite patients suffering from Ménière’s disease was analyzed. In the studied group, nine patients were treated with intratympanic gentamycine. Long-term follow-up of the patients was carried out, using vertigo diaries, medical letters, anamnestic data, and pure tone audiograms. Audiometric results and vertigo complaints before and after treatment were contrasted using IBM SPSS V24 software.

Results
Based on our analysis, vertigo attacks appeared significantly less often after gentamycine treatment [p < 0.001; Odds ratio 0.003 (95% CI 0.001–0.012)], which confirms the efficacy of the therapy. Pure tone stages before and after the application of gentamycine were contrasted using the Mann–Whitney U test. When comparing the audiometric results of long-term follow-ups by using the logistic regression, a statistically significant difference was observed between the treated and not treated groups [p = 0.001; Odds ratio 0.141 (95% CI 0.064–0.313)], and based on the survivorship curve hearing impairment was more common in the not treated group which also supports our results. Based on the non-parametric test, there was no significant difference (p = 0.84) between the pure-tone stages of the control group and of those treated with gentamycine.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that intratympanic gentamycine is effective in controlling vertigo attacks, and there is no higher risk for hearing loss than in case of spontaneous progression of the disorder.
Relationship between magnetic fabrics and deformation of the Miocene Pohorje intrusions and surrounding sediments (Eastern Alps)
Authors: Fodor László I. , Márton Emő , Vrabec Marko , Koroknai Balázs , Trajanova Mirka , Vrabec Mirijam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Miocene deformation history of magmatic and host metamorphic rocks and surrounding sediments was reconstructed by measuring meso- and microscale structures and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data in order to constrain the structural evolution of the Pohorje pluton during the onset of lithospheric extension at the Eastern Alps–Pannonian Basin transition. Principal AMS axes, lineation and foliation are very similar to mesoscopic lineation and foliation data from the main intrusive body and from some dykes. Although contribution from syn-magmatic texture is possible, these structures were formed during the cooling of the pluton and associated subvolcanic dykes just shortly after the 18.64 Ma pluton intrusion. Dykes emplaced during progressively younger episodes reflect decreasing amount of ductile strain, while firstly mesoscopic foliation and lineation, and then the tectonic AMS signal gradually disappears. In the structurally highest N–S trending dacite dykes, the AMS fabric only reflects the magmatic flow. The Miocene sediments underwent the same, NE–SW to E–W extension as the magmatic and host metamorphic rocks as indicated by both AMS and fault-slip data. All these events occurred prior to ~ 15 Ma, i.e., during the main syn-rift extension of the Pannonian Basin and during the fastest exhumation of the Tauern and Rechnitz windows, both demonstrating considerable extension of diverse crustal segments of the Alpine nappe pile. After a counterclockwise rotation around ~ 15 Ma, the maximum stress axis changed to a SE–NW orientation, but it was only registered by brittle faulting. During this time, the overprinting of a syn-rift extensional AMS texture was not possible in the cooled or cemented magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
Long-term real time object tracking based on multi-scale local correlation filtering and global re-detection
Authors: Zhao Qi , Zhang Boxue , Feng Wenquan , Du Zhiying , Zhang Hong , Sun Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates long-term visual object tracking which is a complex problem in computer vision community and big data analysis, due to the variation of the target and the surrounding environment. A novel tracking algorithm based on local correlation filtering and global keypoint matching is proposed to solve problems occurred during long-term tracking such as occlusion, target-losing, etc. The algorithm consists of two major components: (1) local object tracking module, and (2) global losing re-detection module. The local tracking module optimizes the conventional correlation filtering algorithm. Firstly, the Color Name feature is applied to increase the color sensitivity. Secondly, a scale traversal is employed to accommodate target scale changes. In the global losing re-detection module, the target losing judgment and global re-detection is realized by keypoint feature models of foreground and background. The proposed tracker achieves the 1st place in the VTB50 test set with 81.3% precision and 61.3% success rate, which outperforms other existing state-of-the-art trackers by over 10%. And it achieves the 2nd place in our Chasing-Car test set with a higher real-time performance 43.2 fps. The experimental results show that the proposed tracker has higher accuracy and robustness when dealing with situations like object deformation, occlusion and target-losing, etc.
The periodic version of the Da Prato–Grisvard theorem and applications to the bidomain equations with FitzHugh–Nagumo transport
Authors: Hieber Matthias , Kajiwara Naoto , Kress Klaus , Tolksdorf Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, the periodic version of the classical Da Prato–Grisvard theorem on maximal $${{L}}^p$$

L

p

-regularity in real interpolation spaces is developed, as well as its extension to semilinear evolution equations. Applying this technique to the bidomain equations subject to ionic transport described by the models of FitzHugh–Nagumo,
Aliev–Panfilov, or Rogers–McCulloch, it is proved that this set of equations admits a unique, strongT-periodic solution in a neighborhood of stable equilibrium points provided it is innervated by T-periodic forces.
Long-term (up to 16 months) health-related quality of life after adjuvant tailored dose-dense chemotherapy vs. standard three-weekly chemotherapy in women with high-risk early breast cancer
Authors:   the Swedish Breast Cancer Group, the Austrian Breast, Colorectal Cancer Study Group, the German Breast Cancer Group, Brandberg Yvonne , Johansson Hemming , Hellström Mats , Gnant Michael , Möbus Volker , Greil Richard , Foukakis Theodoros , Bergh Jonas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To prospectively compare HRQoL effects of two modern adjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer treatment regimens at six time-points up to 16 months after random assignment.

Methods
The open-label, randomized, Phase 3 “Panther trial” was conducted between February 2007 and September 2011. 760 women, aged 65 years and younger, after surgery for non-metastatic node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer were randomized 1:1 to the experimental group (four cycles of tailored and dose-dense adjuvant epirubicin and cyclophosphamide/2 weeks followed by four cycles of tailored dose-dense docetaxel/2 weeks) or standard group (three cycles of fluorouracil and epirubicin-cyclophosphamide/3 weeks followed by three cycles of docetaxel/3 weeks). HRQoL was assessed at all Swedish centres using EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 at six points during 16 months before randomization.

Results
Response rates to questionnaires were highest at baseline 728/780 (93%) and lowest 16 months after randomization, 557/750 (74%). HRQoL declined during treatment in both groups. At the end of treatment, the experimental group reported statistically significantly lower HRQoL (P < 0.001) than the standard group on global health status, physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, fatigue, sexual functioning, and systemic therapy effects. No differences were found for emotional functioning, body image, and arm and breast symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at the first follow-up and at subsequent assessments. HRQoL levels at the 16-month follow-up were similar to baseline values.

Conclusions
Negative HRQoL impact of the dose-dense and tailored strategy appears to be prominent during treatment, but HRQoL recover once treatment ends.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798070; isrctn.org Identifier:
ISRCTN39017665.