bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MnTnBuOE-2-PyP treatment protects from radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment-related side effects in thyroid cancer
Authors: Patel Anery , Kosmacek Elizabeth A. , Fisher Kurt W. , Goldner Whitney , Oberley-Deegan Rebecca E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer often involves administration of radioactive iodine (I-131) for remnant ablation or adjuvant therapy. However, there is morbidity associated with I-131 therapy, which can result in both acute and chronic complications. Currently, there are no approved radioprotectors that can be used in conjunction with I-131 to reduce complications in thyroid cancer therapy. It is well known that the damaging effects of ionizing radiation are mediated, in part, by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A potent scavenger of ROS, Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N–n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP), has radioprotective and anti-tumor effects in various cancer models including head and neck, prostate, and brain tumors exposed to external beam radiation therapy. Female C57BL/6 mice were administered I-131 orally at doses of 0.0085–0.01 mCi/g (3.145 × 105 to 3.7 × 105 Bq) of body weight with or without MnTnBuOE-2-PyP. We measured acute external inflammation, blood cell counts, and collected thyroid tissue and salivary glands for histological examination. We found oral administration of I-131 caused an acute decrease in platelets and white blood cells, caused facial swelling, and loss of thyroid and salivary tissues. However, when MnTnBuOE-2-PyP was given during and after I-131 administration, blood cell counts remained in the normal range, less facial inflammation was observed, and the salivary glands were protected from radiation-induced killing. These data indicate that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP may be a potent radioprotector of salivary glands in thyroid cancer patients receiving I-131 therapy.
Cerebral arterial pulsatility is associated with features of small vessel disease in patients with acute stroke and TIA: a 4D flow MRI study
Authors: Birnefeld Johan , Wåhlin Anders , Eklund Anders , Malm Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms behind SVD are still poorly understood. High cerebral arterial pulsatility has been suggested as a possible cause of SVD. In population studies, arterial pulsatility has been linked to white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral atrophy, and cognitive impairment, all features of SVD. In stroke, pulsatility data are scarce and contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arterial pulsatility and SVD in stroke patients. With a cross-sectional design, 89 patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were examined with MRI. A neuropsychological assessment was performed 1 year later. Using 4D flow MRI, pulsatile indices (PI) were calculated for the internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (M1, M3). Flow volume pulsatility (FVP), a measure corresponding to the cyclic expansion of the arterial tree, was calculated for the same locations. These parameters were assessed for associations with WMH volume, brain volume and cognitive function. ICA-FVP was associated with WMH volume (β = 1.67, 95% CI: [0.1, 3.24], p = 0.037). M1-PI and M1-FVP were associated with decreasing cognitive function (β = − 4.4, 95% CI: [− 7.7, − 1.1], p = 0.009 and β = − 13.15, 95% CI: [− 24.26, − 2.04], p = 0.02 respectively). In summary, this supports an association between arterial pulsatility and SVD in stroke patients, and provides a potential target for further research and preventative treatment. FVP may become a useful biomarker for assessing pulsatile stress with PCMRI and 4D flow MRI.
The Carrot or the Stick: Self-Regulation for Gender-Diverse Boards via Codes of Good Governance
Authors: Mensi-Klarbach Heike , Leixnering Stephan , Schiffinger Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScholars have emphasized the potential of self-regulation, realized through ‘codes of good governance’, to improve gender diversity on boards. Yet, unconvinced of the effectiveness of this self-regulation, many regulators have implemented mandatory quota laws. Our study sheds light on this dilemma. Seeking to broaden our conceptual knowledge of how such ‘codes’ work in the specific case of gender diversity on boards, we ask: Under which conditions is self-regulation via voluntary principles of good governance effective? Expanding recent institutional-theory perspectives from the literature of women on boards, we show that, in the case of Austria, self-regulation via code recommendations is ineffective unless supported by additional forces. The primary reason for this, we argue, is that nominators do not expect benefits from gender-diverse boards. Furthermore, non-compliant companies face little pressure to change due to the small number of companies that have already adopted respective code recommendations. We identify two potential alternatives to boost the effectiveness of voluntary self-regulation for gender-diverse boards: First, the introduction of concrete targets for female representation and the public monitoring of fulfillment; and, second, the establishment of a credible threat that mandatory quotas will be imposed if diversity goals are not achieved. Drawing on longitudinal data from 2006 to 2016 on listed and state-owned companies in Austria, we give an empirical account of the conditions that assure effective self-regulation. Arguing that codes suffer from what we call ‘opportunity bias’, we conclude that political goals (such as gender equality) based on ethical rather than instrumental considerations are unlikely to be effectively implemented solely by codes of good governance.
Lying, Misleading, and Dishonesty
Authors: Barber Alex 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn important moral category—dishonest speech—has been overlooked in theoretical ethics despite its importance in legal, political, and everyday social exchanges. Discussion in this area has instead been fixated on a binary debate over the contrast between lying and ‘merely misleading’ (that is, attempting to deceive someone without uttering a literal falsehood). Some see lying as a distinctive wrong; others see it as morally equivalent to deliberately omitting relevant truths, falsely insinuating, or any other species of attempted verbal deception. Parties to this debate have missed the relevance to their disagreement of the notion of communicative dishonesty. Communicative dishonesty need not take the form of a lie, yet its wrongness does not reduce to the wrongness of seeking to deceive. This paper therefore proposes a major shift of attention away from the lying/misleading debate and towards the topic of communicative dishonesty (or ‘dishonesty’ for short). Dishonesty is not a simple notion to define, however. It presupposes a difficult distinction between what is and is not expressed in a given utterance. This differs from the more familiar distinction between what is and is not said, the distinction at the heart of the lying/misleading debate. This paper uses an idea central to speech act theory to characterize dishonesty in terms of the utterer’s communicative intentions, and applies the resulting definition to a variety of contexts.
A method to estimate the environmental impacts from genetic change in pig production systems
Authors: Ottosen Mathias , Mackenzie Stephen G. , Wallace Michael , Kyriazakis Ilias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe environmental impacts (EIs) of the global pig production sector are expected to increase with increasing global pork demand. Although the pig breeding industry has made significant progress over the last decades in reducing its EI, previous work has been unable to differentiate between the improvements made through management improvements from those caused by genetic change. Our study investigates the effect of altering genetic components of individual traits on the EI of pig systems.MethodsAn LCA model, with a functional unit of 1 kg live weight pig, was built simulating an intensive pig production system; inputs of feed and outputs of manure were adjusted according to genetic performance traits. Feed intake was simulated with an animal energy requirement model. A correlation matrix of the genetic variance and correlations of traits was pooled from data on commercial pig populations in the literature. Three sensitivity analyses were applied: one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis (OAT) used the genetic standard deviations, clusters-of-traits sensitivity analysis (COT) used the genetic standard deviations and clustering based on correlations, and the sensitivity index (SI) applied the full correlation matrix. Five EI categories were considered: global warming potential, terrestrial acidification potential, freshwater eutrophication potential, land use, and fossil resource scarcity.Results and discussionThe different EI categories showed similar behaviour for each trait in the sensitivity analyses. OAT showed up to 18% change in EI relative to baseline for energy maintenance and around 3% change in EI relative to baseline for most other traits. COT grouped traits into a grower/finisher cluster (up to 17% change relative to baseline), a reproductive cluster (up to 7% change relative to baseline), and a sow robustness cluster (up to 2% change relative to baseline), all clusters including negative correlations between traits. By including genetic correlations, the SI went from being influenced by maintenance, and finisher and gilt growth rate into solely being dominated by maintenancen and protein-to-lipid ratio responsible for above 0.8 and 0.35 of the variance in EI respectively.ConclusionsWe developed a novel methodology for evaluating EIs of changes in correlated genetic traits in pigs. We found it was essential to include correlations in the sensitivity analysis, since the local and global sensitivity analyses were not affected to the same extend by the same traits. Further, we found that finisher growth rate, body protein-to-lipid ratio, and energy maintenance could be important in reducing EI, but mortalities and sow robustness had little effect.
The effect of using torniquets on fracture healing disorders: A study in wistar strain rats ( Rattus norvegicus )
Authors: Junus Huwae Thomas Erwin Christian , Ratnawati Retty , Sujuti Hidayat , Putra Bernard Satrya Surya , Putera Marvin Anthony , Hidayat Mohamad 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fracture is a discontinuity of bone tissue, growth plates and/or cartilage which generally caused by trauma. Fracture healing is influenced by many things, including patient condition, age, comorbidity, lifestyle, medication and management. The use of tourniquets in medical cases reached 20.000 cases per day around the world. In Norway between 2005 and 2006, the use of tourniquets on orthopedic surgery reached 63.484 cases. The goal of using a tourniquet is to obtain a blood-free operation field to achieve maximum operating results. However, deflation of tourniquets can lead to reperfusion mechanisms that cause injuries resulting from the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study aims to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the osteoblast count after tourniquet application in murine mode.

Methods:
Thirty-two male Wistar strain rats were divided into two groups and tibial fracture with consequence casting was performed. The rats were divided into two groups, one control group (n = 16) and one treatment group (n = 16). Both groups' rats’ right tibia was fractured and immobilized with a long-leg cast. The tourniquet (4.5 oz orthodontic rubber) was applied to the treatment group for two hours. The evaluation of the osteoblast count and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was done on day 14. The quantitative osteoblast count was done under light microscopy within 10 high power fields in 4000x magnification. The MDA level was measured by using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay. Data analysis was done by using independent t-test.

Results:
There was elevated MDA levels (0,126 in group 1 compared to 8763 in group 2) with p < 0,001 and a significant decrease in the number of osteoblasts seen histologically in group 2 (9,00) compared to group 1 (14,438) with p < 0,05.

Conclusions:
The use of tourniquets can increase MDA levels due to oxidative stress arising from ischemic-reperfusion injury, as well as decreasing the number of osteoblasts.

Highlights:
Onodi Cell Mucocele-Associated Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Tzamalis Argyrios , Diafas Asterios , Riga Paraskevi , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Ziakas Nikolaos 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To present a rare case report of Onodi cell-associated optic neuropathy, conducting a review of the literature.

Methods:
A 36-year-old male presented with an 18-h history of acute deterioration of vision in his left eye (LE). Ophthalmic examination and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were consistent with an Onodi cell-associated compressive optic neuropathy.

Results:
Despite immediate, successful surgical decompression, severe optic nerve atrophy and permanent visual loss occurred during early postoperative period. The reported case gives rise to different hypotheses regarding pathophysiology that may lead to irreversible blindness. A systematic review of the respective literature is provided attempting to compare different approaches in the management of Onodi cell-associated compressive optic neuropathy and assess their efficacy in the final visual outcome. Poor initial visual acuity (VA) may represent a bad prognostic factor. Moreover, age and gender do not seem to significantly influence the outcome.

Conclusion:
This report and associated literature review highlight the importance of the radiologic characteristics and early diagnosis in the final visual outcome of the Onodi cell-associated optic neuropathy. High level of suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis of mucoceles, which must be treated promptly by surgical and medical means to enhance visual recovery.
Reliability Assessment of Wafer Level Package using Artificial Neural Network Regression Model
Authors: Chou P. H. , Chiang K.N. , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFor electronic packaging structure, there are many design parameters that will affect its reliability performance, using experimental way to obtain the reliability result will take a considerable amount of time. Therefore, how to shorten the design time becomes a critical issue for new electronic packaging structure development. This research will combine artificial intelligence (AI) and simulation technology to assess the long-term reliability of wafer level packaging (WLP). A simulation technology using finite element method (FEM) with appropriate mechanics theories has been validated by multiple experiments will replace the experiment to create reliability results for different WLP structures. After a big WLP structure-reliability database created, this study will apply artificial neural network (ANN) theory to analyze this database and obtains a regression model for structure-reliability relationship of WLP. Once the regression model is established and validated, the WLP geometry, such as pad size, die and buffer layer thickness, and solder volume, etc. can be simply entered, and then the WLP reliability results can be immediately obtained through the ANN regression model.
Performance of twoLupinus albusL. cultivars in response to three soil pH levels
Authors: Arief Omnia M. , Pang Jiayin , Shaltout Kamal H. , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSoil alkalinity imposes important limitations to lupin productivity; however, little attention has been paid to investigate the effects of soil alkalinity on plant growth and development. Many lupins are sensitive to alkaline soils, butLupinus albusmaterial from Egypt was found to have tolerance to limed soils. The aim of this study was to compare the growth response of two cultivars ofL.albusL. – an Egyptian cultivar, P27734, and an Australian cultivar, Kiev Mutant, to different soil pH levels and to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying agronomic alkalinity tolerance of P27734. Plants were grown under three pH levels (5.1, 6.7, and 7.8) in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. For both cultivars, the greatest dry mass production and carboxylate exudation from roots were observed at alkaline pH. The better performance of the Egyptian cultivar at high pH was entirely accounted for by its greater seed weight. From a physiological perspective, the Australian cultivar was as alkaline-tolerant as the Egyptian cultivar. These findings highlight the agronomic importance of seed weight for sowing, and both cultivars can be used in alkaline soils.
A revised palynozonation for the Middle–Upper Triassic (Anisian–Rhaetian) Series of the Norwegian Arctic
Authors: Paterson Niall William , Mangerud Gunn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Barents Sea region of Arctic Norway preserves a thick succession of marine and deltaic Triassic strata that yield an abundant and diverse association of terrestrial and marine palynomorphs. Despite being the principal means for dating and correlation across this vast region, the Upper Triassic palynozonal resolution has remained relatively low. This is problematic due to the thickness of the Upper Triassic Series and since this corresponds to the longest of the three Triassic epochs. This paper presents a refined Middle–Upper Triassic palynozonation for the region, based on a detailed investigation of multiple localities ranging from the Svalbard Archipelago to the southern Barents Sea. The zonation comprises eleven spore-pollen zones: theCarnisporites spiniger,Triadispora obscuraandProtodiploxypinus decuszones (Anisian), theEchinitosporites iliacoidesZone (Ladinian), theSemiretisporis hochulii,Podosporites vigraniae,Leschikisporis aduncus, andProtodiploxypinusspp. zones (Carnian), theClassopollis torosus, andQuadraeculina anellaeformiszones (Norian), and theRicciisporitesspp. Zone (Rhaetian). Additionally, two new dinoflagellate cyst zones are defined: theRhaetogonyaulax arctica(upper Carnian – lower Norian) andRhaetogonyaulax rhaetica(lower Norian) zones. Three new age-significant palynomorph taxa are described:Kyrtomisporis moerkisp. nov.,Podosporites vigraniaesp. nov. andSemiretisporis hochuliisp. nov. The revised palynozonation is compared with previous palynozonal schemes for the Greater Barents Sea region, and its relationship to Triassic palaeoclimate, palaeoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy is discussed.
Early Permian subduction-related transtension in the Turpan Basin, East Tianshan (NW China): implications for accretionary tectonics of the southern Altaids
Authors: Mao Qigui , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Yu Minjie , Sun Min , Ao Songjian , Zhang Ji’en 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe interaction of the Palaeo-Pacific and Palaeo-Asian Oceans is an enigmatic issue as their temporal and spatial features are controversial. To address this issue, we present a systematic study of large volumes of early Permian volcanic rocks and intrusions developed in the East Tianshan. The represented samples of basaltic andesites and rhyolites yield zircon crystallization ages of 285.1 ± 5.9 Ma and 275.3 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively. The basalts have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) and arc-related geochemical signatures with high TiO2contents, negative Rb, Th, U, Nb and Ta anomalies and positive Eu anomalies. Basaltic andesites and andesites have arc-related geochemical characteristics with moderate TiO2contents and relatively negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, together with slightly negative to positive Eu anomalies. The rhyolites show an affinity with A2-type granite with high SiO2, K2O + Na2O, Fe/Mg, Ga, Zr, Nb, Y, HFSE, REE and Y/Nb levels (>1.2). These geochemical data suggest that the rocks formed in a supra-subduction zone. The presence of high ϵNd(t) values of +4.6 to +8.2 and low (87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70342–0.70591) values indicates that the volcanic rocks originated from a depleted mantle. We propose that oblique subduction with slabs breaking off gave rise to transtension and to the emplacement of large volumes of mantle-derived melts in the early Permian in the East Tianshan, serving as an important record of the subduction zone of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean.
New information on the skull roof ofProtoichthyosaurus(Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) and intraspecific variation in some dermal skull elements
Authors: Lomax Dean R , Massare Judy A , Evans Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA previously unrecognized specimen ofProtoichthyosaurus prostaxalis, LEICT G142.1991, from the Lower Jurassic of Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire, UK, includes an almost complete three-dimensional skull that provides new information on the configuration of the skull roof. The position of the pineal foramen (between the frontals and the parietals) and an elongated internasal foramen in a depression along the midline of the nasals are clearly shown. The maxilla makes up a significant portion of the external naris ventral margin, an unusual character for the genus/species. This reflects intraspecific variation, not evidence of a new taxon. The specimen enables comparisons of skull roof morphology withIchthyosaurusandStenopterygius, two common Early Jurassic taxa. In particular, the position of the pineal foramen is similar toStenopterygius, but distinguishesProtoichthyosaurusfromIchthyosaurus. The lack of a frontal–prefrontal contact and the posteriorly wide nasals distinguishesProtoichthyosaurusfromStenopterygius. We also present a revised reconstruction of the skull roof morphology ofIchthyosaurus. Three additional specimens ofProtoichthyosaurusare referred to the genus: another partial skull, referred toP. prostaxalis, and two isolated forefins, identified by their unique morphology.
Abortion among married young women: findings from a community-based study in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Zavier A. J. Francis , Santhya K. G. , Jejeebhoy Shireen J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbortion service provision has changed noticeably in the recent past and medication abortion currently accounts for four-fifths of all induced abortions taking place in India. How these changes have modified abortion experiences among young women – a group known to be more disadvantaged than adult women – remains unanswered. This paper fills this gap and examines the experiences of married young abortion seekers, including pre-abortion decision-making, abortion seeking and experiences of the procedure, and post-abortion complications. Data were drawn from a community-based survey of 4952 married young women aged 15–24 years conducted in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan in 2015. The study focused on 166 young women who had an induced abortion in the two years before the survey, and used descriptive statistics to describe their abortion experiences. Seventy-four per cent of abortion seekers had relied on medication abortion and 47% had obtained it over the counter without a physician’s prescription. Moreover, 90% accessed abortion services from private facilities, including drug sellers. A small proportion (4%) had undergone abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. At the same time, 13% reported multiple abortion attempts; 17% underwent dilation and curettage; and 52% experienced self-reported complications, including 5% who experienced moderate to severe complications. The findings call for greater attention to providing contraceptive counselling and services to married young women, ensuring abortion services in public health facilities and exploring mechanisms to improve drug sellers’ knowledge and practices in providing medication abortion.