bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: ASHUTOSH KUMAR YADAV  , REETU  , ARUN GARG  
Published: November 2019

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively.
Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.
Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF ACYCLOVIR FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STACH PHTHALATE – A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: SANTOSH KUMAR R  , ANNU KUMARI  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present research was to prepare starch phthalate (a novel superdisintegrant) and to optimize and formulate acyclovir fast dissolving tablets employing 23 factorial design using starch phthalate as superdisintegrant.
Materials and Methods: Drug excipient compatibility studies such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thin-layer chromatography were carried out to check the drug interaction between acyclovir and starch phthalate. The direct compression method was used for tablet preparation. Prepared tablets were then evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, water absorption, and wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies. Response surface plots and contour plots were also plotted to know the main effects and interaction effects of independent variables (starch phthalate [A], croscarmellose sodium [B], and crospovidone [C] on dependent variables [disintegration time and drug dissolution efficiency in 1 min]) and stability studies were also done.
Results: Tablets of all formulations were of good quality concerning drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–4.0 kg/cm2), and friability (<0.16%). In all formulations, formulation F8 found to be optimized formulation with least disintegration time 9±3 s, less wetting time 10±0.17 s, and enhanced dissolution rate in 1 min, i.e., 99.92±0.11 as compared to other formulation.
Conclusion: From the research, it was concluded that on combination with crospovidone (5%) and croscarmellose sodium (5%), starch phthalate (10%) enhanced the dissolution efficiency of the drug. Hence, starch phthalate can be used as a novel disintegrant in the manufacturing of fast dissolving tablets.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF A MIXTURE OF WATER EXTRACTS OF BETEL (PIPER BETLE L.) LEAF AND (UNCARIA GAMBIR ROXB.) GAMBIER ON PHAGOCYTIC CELLS AND MODULATION ON PHOSPHATASE ENZYME OF MICE
Authors: MUHAMMAD YANIS MUSDJA  , AMINAH NURHADIYAH  , ZILHALDIA  , ANDRIA AGUSTA  
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was to determine the immunomodulatory effect of a mixture of water extracts of betel (Piper betle L.) leaf and (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) gambier on phagocytic cells and modulation on phosphatase enzyme of mice.
Methods: Mixture of extracts of betel leaf and gambier (ratio, 429:71) was given to seven groups of mice for 14 days with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two kinds of immunomodulatory drug in syrup form commonly used in the treatment of infectious were used as positive controls. The peritoneal fluid of mice containing macrophage cells was isolated by performing surgery. Immunomodulatory effect was done by calculating the number of phagocytosis activity and capacity of macrophage cells of mice, and measurement of phosphatase enzyme was done using a spectrophotometer ultraviolet visible on λ=405 nm, after 1 h intraperitoneal injection Staphylococcus epidermidis on each group of mice. Immunomodulatory effects of each group of a mixture of extract were compared with negative control, normal control, and positive controls.
Results: The result showed that doses administered 200 mg/kg BW of mixture extract most efficacy for both phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity as well as for the results of testing for phosphatase enzyme. Based on statistical tests, it was significantly different (p≤0.05), if compared with negative controls and normal controls but not significantly different, if compared to positive controls (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it has been obtained that a mixture of water extracts of betel (P. betle L.) leaf and (U. gambir Roxb.) gambier with a dose of 200 mg/kg BW is very potential to be used as an immunomodulatory.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NUTRITION, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES, AND TOXICITY OF PHYSALIS ANGULATA L. PLANT EXTRACT
Authors: ADE CHANDRA IWANSYAH  , WAHIDIYANTI PUTRI JULIANTI  , ROHMAH LUTHFIYANTIQ  
Published: November 2019

Objective: This research was to characterize and compare the nutrition, total phenolics (TP) content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all part of Physalis angulata L. extract.
Methods: The proximate, minerals, TP content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all parts of physalis, namely, stem bark extract of P. angulata L. (ESC), leaf extract of P. angulata L. (ELC), rind extract of P. angulata L. (ERC), unripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EUF), and ripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EFC), were analyzed. The TP content, total flavonoids (TF), and free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract are studied using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride assay, and 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (LC50) used to measure the toxicity of extract.
Results: The physalis leaves extract (ELC) contains the highest total of phenolics (144.4 mg galiic acid equivalent/g), a total of flavonoids (33.33 mg quercetin equivalent/g), and antioxidant activity (96.97 μg/ml) followed by ERC>EFC>EUF>ESC. Based on the level toxicity of LC50, the ripe fruit extract of P. angulata (EFC) (924.18 μg/ml) valued as cytotoxic.
Conclusion: The data of nutrition, antioxidant properties, and toxicity of all parts of P. angulata extract provide for functional food product uses.
THE ROLE OF LINGO-1 AND MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN MRNAS IN CENTRAL REMYELINATION IN ETHIDIUM BROMIDE-INDUCED DEMYELINATION IN RATS
Authors: HANAA ABOELKASEM ALAZRAG  , MERVAT EID ABDELGHAFFAR  , HUDA MAHMOUD KHALIFA  , RASHA MOHAMED ADEL NASSRA  , AMANY ALI KHALIL NAWAR  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The study aimed to assess the possible role of quercetin, pioglitazone, metformin, and dapagliflozin in the enhancement of remyelination process after ethidium bromide (EB)-induced demyelination.
Methods: The study was conducted on 60 male Wister rats (250–300 g), randomly divided into sham-operated group and five demyelination groups (each of 10 rats) which subjected to intrapontine stereotaxic injection of EB (10 μl of 0.1% EB) to induce demyelination. Then, randomly subdivided into: EB control group: Rats were treated with normal saline, quercetin-treated group (50 mg/kg/day), pioglitazone-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), metformin-treated group (500 mg/kg/day), and dapagliflozin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day). Behavioral tests (beam balance, foot fault, rotarod, and inverted screen) were conducted for all groups as well as biochemical analysis of LINGO-1 and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNAs and histological examination of pontine tissues.
Results: The EB control group showed deterioration of motor performance on behavioral tests. Degenerative changes were observed in pontine tissue on histological examination together with upregulation of LINGO-1 protein and downregulation of MBP level. While the treated groups after EB demyelination showed significant improvement in motor performance and decreased degenerated neurons in histological examination with upregulation of MBP level and downregulation of LINGO-1 protein level.
Conclusion: Quercetin, metformin, dapagliflozin, and pioglitazone showed neuroprotective effect and enhancement of remyelination process.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA GEL AND OINTMENT FORMULATIONS
Authors: PATAWEEKORN KETKOMOL  , TADSANEE PUNJANON  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is comparing the physicochemical properties of Morinda citrifolia formulation in various conditions.
Methods: Methanolic fruit extracts of M. citrifolia were used for the preparation of gel and ointment formulations that were evaluated for their phytochemicals, physicochemical, and stability at various conditions.
Results: Phytochemical screening studies of M. citrifolia revealed the presence of bioactive. Furthermore, the evaluation of physical and chemical stability showed that gel formulation was more stable than ointment formulation.
Conclusion: Gel formulation could become a media to be used for its medicinal properties.
BILAYER TABLET TENDERED IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF PARACETAMOL AND SUSTAINED RELEASE OF IBUPROFEN FOR QUICK ONSET OF ACTION AGAINST PAIN AND FEVER
Authors: DEVENDER CHAUHAN  , DINESH KAUSHIK  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate bi-layer tablet which contains immediate-release layer of Paracetamol for quick onset of action and sustained release of Ibuprofen for prolonging long period.
Materials and Methods: The following chemicals were used: Paracetamol (Combiotic Global Pvt. Ltd., India), Ibuprofen (Combiotic Global Pvt. Ltd., India), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (Avicel), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 (Loba Chem). Wet granulation method was adapted to formulate the bilayer tablets. The immediate-release layer of Paracetamol was prepared using sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants, MCC as diluent, starch as binder. The sustained release layer of Ibuprofen was prepared using high-performance liquid chromatography E50LV and ethyl cellulose as binder along with other excipients such as MCC, PVP, and magnesium stearate by wet granulation technique.
Result and Discussion: The release rate of Paracetamol from Formulations 1 was more than 80% at 40 min. In case of Ibuprofen, sustained-release polymers such as HPMC E50 LV were used to increase the release time.
Conclusion: The bilayer tablets were prepared and show good release rate.
An Introduction to the Canadian Association of Learned Journals Readership Analytics Project’s Compiled Online Journal Usage Software
Authors: Lorimer Rowland 
Published: November 2019

Background: This technical paper contains written versions of the texts that accompany a set of five slide-based movies that provide instruction and reviews the compiled analysis generated by the software developed by the Canadian Association of Learned Journals Readership Analytics Project.
Analysis: First come usage instructions. Next are the second and third movies that walk the listener/reader through a case study-based summary of the Standard and Premium Reports. Fourth is a multi-year analysis of the case-study data. Fifth are some observations and insights.
Observations and insights: The data provide a foundation for a detailed understanding journal usage. At a second level, the data point to ongoing growth in usage at less than five cents per full text article view by users in an environment in which lowering acquisition costs and declining library subscriptions predominate. The data also show widespread use throughout the collection of articles that the journal has brought forward over its 40-plus years of operation. Finally, the data suggest a number of article profiles that may assist in understanding usage.
Keywords
Journal metrics; Online journal usage; Journal publishing; Open access; Data visualization; Scholarly Communication.
An Overview on Tablet Coating
Authors: Arora Rimjhim , Rathore Kamal Singh , Bharakatiya Meenakshi 
Published: November 2019

Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms include tablets, pellets, pills, beads etc. Tablet is most commonly used pharmaceutical dosage form which has ease of administration. Tablets are coated for many reason such as masking odour, taste, colour of the drug, providing physical and chemical protection to drug, protecting drug from the gastric environment.Coating is a process by which a layer of coating material is applied to the surface of a dosage form. Coating may also contain active ingredient. There are various strategies for tablet coating which include sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating. The amount of coating on the surface of a tablet is critical to the effectiveness of the oral dosage form. Recent trends in tablet coating focuses on overcoming disadvantage of solvent based coating. This review concerns with the coating process, equipments involved, coated tablets evaluation and specialized coating techniques.

Key Words:
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF MELOTHRIA SCABRA
Authors: GOVINDULA ANUSHA , Reddy Sunayana , Manasa Ponnam , B Ajay Kumar B 
Published: November 2019

The family Cucurbitaceae includes a large group of crops like cucumbers, and melons which are medicinally essential. The major elements present are the phytochemicals like Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Caretenoids, Glycosides and Resins etc and the most commonly the terpenoid substance called cucurbitans. Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. The leaves of Melothria scabra are dried and powdered. Extraction was performed by using ethanol by soxhlation method. In the present study, the phytochemical investigation and invitro anti diabetic activity was performed. It indicates the presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Alkaloids, Flavanoids and Glycosides. Powder analysis is performed by using dried powder. It indicates the presence of Stomata, Xylem vessels and Fibres. These extracts were screened for invitro anti diabetic activity by using the three methods: Determination of glucose adsorption capacity, Effect of plant extracts on invitro glucose diffusion, Glucose uptake by yeast cells. The plant extract has shown good increase in glucose adsorbing capacity, decrease in glucose diffusion retardation potential and significant decrease in glucose uptake thus indicating its ability to decrease the glucose availability to diffusion into blood stream.
Ayurvedic Management of Schizoaffective disorder – A case report
Authors: P Nima M , M Jithesh , C Santosh 
Published: November 2019

Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by symptoms of Schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions, and symptoms of a mood disorder such as mania or depression. As it shares the symptoms of more than a single mental health condition, many affected with schizoaffective disorder are often erroneously diagnosed. The disorder is seen in about 0.3% of the population as per reported studies and both men and women are equally prone to the disease. But men often develop the illness at an earlier age than women. The modern management includes use of both mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Ayurveda psychiatry categorizes the disorder under the category of unmada which is considered as the vibhrama or distorted function of eight factors including manas and buddhi. A 48 year old male patient attended the Psychiatric OPD two months back. He had decreased sleep, lack of interest in attending the job, self-talking etc. He also complained about hearing of voices in ear. According to the informant, he had reduced social mingling and increased suicidal thoughts and had several attempts for committing suicide. He has been suffering from these complaints since past 18 years. The case was diagnosed as Vatakaphaja Unmada considering the dosha predominance and a protocol with special preference to sodhana procedures were performed after admission. The selected protocol was observed to be effective in managing the condition. The case report stresses the role of Ayurveda treatment modalities in managing similar psychiatric conditions.
Keywords:
In Vitro Antidiabetic Effect of Neohesperidin
Authors: Sinha Durgeshnandani , Satapathy Trilochan , Jain Parag , Chandel Jhakeshwar Prasad , Sahu Divya , Sahu Bhavna , Verma Abhishek , Singh Shalini , Verma Khushboo , Rathore Rahul 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study was performed to determine in vitro antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. To evaluate inhibitory effect of neohesperidin on α-amylase and α-glucosidase diabetes causing enzyme.
Methods and Materials: Invitro carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme based inhibitory methods were used to determine antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. Alpha (α)-amylase inhibitory assay was performed using different sources i.e. wheat alpha (α)-amylase enzyme, salivary alpha (α)-amylase and fungal alpha (α)-amylase assay. Alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory assay was performed using alpha (α)-glucosidase (B. stearothermophil), alpha (α)-glucosidase rat intestine and alpha (α)-glucosidase from baker’s yeast. Sucrase inhibitory assay from rat small intestine.
Result: Neohesperidin possess a potent anti-diabetic by significantly inhibiting alpha amylase activity.
Conclusion: It was concluded that enzyme inhibitory activity of neohesperidin shown a significantly higher inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase in comparision to alpha-glucosidase & Sucrase enzymes.
Keywords: Neohespiridin, acarbose, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase
Pharmaceutical Standardization of Mayaphaladi Churna
Authors: Tejaswini Tumma , Sridurga Ch. 
Published: November 2019

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasa oushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These oushadis possess a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Mayaphaladi Churna is an important Rasa oushadi described in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha- Part 2, Streerogadhikara indicated for the management of the diseases Swetapradara and Yonibramsha. The ingredients present in the ‘Mayaphaladi Churna’ are Kukkutanda twak bhasma (Egg Shell Ash), Shuddha Sphatika (Alum), Mayaphala Churna (Quercus Infectoria Oliv.), Amalaki Churna (Emblica Officinalis Gearth), Ashwagandha Churna (Withania Somnifera Linn.) and Sita Churna (Sugar Candy). The main pharmaceutical procedures involved in the preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna are Shodhana, Marana, Churna nirmana and preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna according to the method explained in the classical literatures.
Keywords: Mayaphaladi Churna, Shodhana, Marana, Churna Nirmana, Standardization.
Skin Sensitization Calculation, Topical anti-inflammatory effect and DFT Study of New Indole-Hydrazone
Authors: Mokhnache Kamel , Karbab Ahlem , Soltani EL-Khamsa , Madoui Soraya , Khither Hanane , Charef Noureddine , Arrar Lekhmici 
Published: November 2019

A new indol-hydrazone (IH); N'-[(E)-(5-bromo-1H- indol-3-yl) methylidene] pyridine-4-carbohydrazide was selected for theoretical and experimental studies. Molecular structure proprieties were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) via B3LYP/6-31G (d,p), skin sensitization prediction was carried out using Pred Skin software program. The obtained results demonstrate the reactivity of IH with Energy gap (Δ) of 0.0579 a.u, low sensitizer effect towards human skin with probability of 60 %, and an excellent topical anti-inflammatory effect against xylen-induced ear odema in mice model with inhibition percentages of 81.48%.
Keyword: Hydrazone, skin sensitization, Topical, Anti-inflammatory.
Evaluation of Ceftriaxone utilization among selected hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Eulambius Mlugu , Osward Nelson 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Inappropriate use of ceftriaxone has been reported to increase treatment cost among patients. In addition, inappropriate use is a threat for resistance development. We assessed utilization of ceftriaxone among selected public and private hospitals in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
Methods: Retrospective study was conducted from February to May 2017. Total of 600 patients’ medication records were included. Chi square test was used to compare appropriateness use of ceftriaxone between the hospitals. Significance level was set at 0.05 and the confidence level at 95%.
Results: Total of 330 (55%) and 270 (45%) patients were prescribed ceftriaxone for pre-operative prophylaxis, and treatment respectively. In overall, ceftriaxone was significantly utilized inappropriately in private hospital (72.3%) than in public hospital (60%) p=0.002 against the Tanzania standard treatment guideline. Ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in private (87%) than the public hospital (69.2%) p<0.001 for prophylaxis. In contrary, for treatment indication ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in public hospital (53.3%) than in private hospital (38.9%) p= 0.026.There were no records of sensitivity test in all the patients’ files.
Conclusion: We report inappropriately utilization of Ceftriaxone against the Tanzanian standard treatment guideline. Private hospital was found to utilize ceftriaxone more inappropriately than the public hospital. We recommend further prospective studies involving all antimicrobials to be done.
Keywords: Ceftriaxone utilization, antimicrobial resistance, inappropriate use