bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community youth teams facilitating participatory adolescent groups, youth leadership activities and livelihood promotion to improve school attendance, dietary diversity and mental health among adolescent girls in rural eastern India: protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rath Suchitra , Prost Audrey , Samal Subhashree , Pradhan Hemanta , Copas Andrew , Gagrai Sumitra , Rath Shibanand , Gope Raj Kumar , Nair Nirmala , Tripathy Prasanta , Bhatia Komal , Rose-Clarke Kelly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundImproving the health and development of adolescents aged 10–19 years is a global health priority. One in five adolescents globally live in India. TheRashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram(RKSK), India’s national adolescent health strategy, recommends supporting community-based peer educators to conduct group meetings with boys and girls. Groups aim to give adolescents a space to discuss the social and health issues affecting them and build their capacity to become active community members and leaders. There have been no evaluations of the community component of RKSK to date. In this protocol, we describe the evaluation of the Jharkhand Initiative for Adolescent Health (JIAH), a community intervention aligned with RKSK and designed to improve school attendance, dietary diversity and mental health among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years in rural Jharkhand, eastern India.MethodsThe JIAH intervention is delivered by a community youth team consisting ofyuva saathis(friends of youth), youth leadership facilitators and livelihood promoters. Teams conduct (a) peer-led Participatory Learning and Action meetings with girls and boys, mobilising adolescents, parents, health workers, teachers and the wider community to make changes for adolescent health and development; (b) group-based youth leadership activities to build adolescents’ confidence and resilience; and (c) livelihood promotion with adolescents and their families to provide training and practical skills. We are evaluating the JIAH intervention through a parallel-group, two-arm, superiority, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The unit of randomisation is a geographic cluster of ~1000 people. A total of 38 clusters covering an estimated population of 40,676 have been randomised to control or intervention arms. Nineteen intervention clusters have adolescent groups, youth leadership activities and livelihood promotion. Nineteen control clusters receive livelihood promotion only. Study participants are adolescent girls aged 10–19 years, married or unmarried, in or out of school, living in the study area. Intervention activities are open to all adolescent boys and girls, regardless of their participation in surveys. We will collect data through baseline and endline surveys. Primary trial outcomes are school attendance, dietary diversity and internalising and externalising mental health problems. Secondary outcomes include access to school-related entitlements, emotional or physical violence, self-efficacy and resilience.Trial registrationISRCTN17206016. Registered on 27 June 2018.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of tetracosactide in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches (ESYBRECHE): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Depaulis Célia , Steer Nadia , Garessus Léa , Chassard Dominique , Aubrun Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications of neuraxial anaesthesia. It limits patients’ general activity and increases the length of hospital stays and the use of care. It is particularly disabling during the postpartum period, when mothers have to take care of their child. Epidural blood patch is the standard treatment for PDPH. However, it is an invasive procedure that may result in rare but serious complications. Recent evidence has suggested that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is effective in the management of PDPH. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of tetracosactide (Synacthen®), a synthetic analogue of ACTH, for PDPH treatment in patients who receive neuraxial anaesthesia during labour.

Methods
This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial, is performed in two French university hospitals. Eligible patients are those suffering from postpartum PDPH, who are randomised to receive either 1 mg of tetracosactide intravenously over 20 min or to 0.9% saline (placebo). The primary endpoint is the rate of epidural blood patch within a 15-day follow-up period. Headache duration, pain intensity, reduction of general activity, increase in length of hospital stay, adverse events, analgesic use (type and duration) and number of blood patches per patient in each group are recorded.

Discussion
We expect a decrease in the use of epidural blood patch in those receiving tetracosactide, thus indicating a decrease in PDPH symptoms in these patients. This will define the therapeutic success of tetracosactide and the possibility to use this treatment as a non-invasive alternative to blood patch for PDPH treatment.

Trial registration
Primary Registry
ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System
Date of Registration 24 June 2016
Unique Protocol ID 69HCL15_0429
Secondary IDs
EudraCT Number 2015–003357-17
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02813655
ANSM 160214A-31
Protocol version
V4 28/09/2018
Leishmania braziliensis prostaglandin F2α synthase impacts host infection
Authors: Alves-Ferreira Eliza Vanessa Carneiro , Ferreira Tiago Rodrigues , Walrad Pegine , Kaye Paul M. , Cruz Angela Kaysel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstaglandins (PG) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism. They are involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and tissue homeostasis. PG production is not restricted to multicellular organisms. Trypanosomatids also synthesize several metabolites of arachidonic acid. Nevertheless, their biological role in these early-branching parasites and their role in host-parasite interaction are not well elucidated. Prostaglandin F2αsynthase (PGF2S) has been observed in theLeishmania braziliensissecreted proteome and inL. donovaniextracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we previously reported a positive correlation betweenL. braziliensisPGF2S (LbrPGF2S) expression and pathogenicity in mice.MethodsLbrPGF2S gene expression and PGF2α synthesis in promastigotes were detected and quantified by western blotting and EIA assay kit, respectively. To investigateLbrPGF2S localization in amastigotes during bone marrow-derived macrophage infection, parasites expressing mCherry-LbrPGF2S were generated and followed by time-lapse imaging for 48 h post-infection. PGF2S homolog sequences fromLeishmaniaand humans were analyzedin silicousing ClustalW on Geneious v6 and EMBOSS Needle.ResultsLeishmania braziliensispromastigotes synthesize prostaglandin F2αin the presence of arachidonic acid, with peak production in the stationary growth phase under heat stress.LbrPGF2S is a cytoplasmic protein enriched in the secretory site of the parasite cell body, the flagellar pocket. It is an enzyme constitutively expressed throughout promastigote development, but overexpression ofLbrPGF2S leads to an increase of infectivityin vitro. The data suggest thatLbrPGF2S may be released from intracellular amastigotes into the cytoplasm of bone marrow-derived macrophages over a 48-hour infection period, using time-lapse microscopy and mCherry-PGF2S (mChPGF2S)-expressing parasites.ConclusionsLbrPGF2S, a parasite-derived protein, is targeted to the host cell cytoplasm. The putative transfer of this enzyme, involved in pro-inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis, to the host cell suggests a potential role in host-parasite interaction and may partially explain the increased pathogenicity associated with overexpression ofLbrPGF2S inL. braziliensis. Our data provide valuable insights to help understand the importance of parasite-derived lipid mediators in pathogenesis.
A driver’s car-following behavior prediction model based on multi-sensors data
Authors: Wang Hui , Gu Menglu , Wu Shengbo , Wang Chang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe prerequisite for the effective operation of vehicle collision warning system is that the necessary operation is not implemented. Therefore, the behavior prediction that the driver should perform when the preceding vehicle braking is the key to improve the effectiveness of the warning system. This study was conducted to acquire characteristics in the car-following behavior when confronted by the braking of the preceding vehicle, including the reaction time and operation behavior, and establish a behavior prediction model. A driving experiment on the expressway was conducted using devices, such as millimeter-wave radars and controller area network (CAN) bus data, to acquire 845 segments of car following when the brake lamps of the car ahead are on. Data analysis demonstrates that the mean of time distance of car following, mean of car-following distance, and time-to-collision (TTC) mean are closely related with whether or not the driver slowed the car down. The operation states of the driver were divided into keeping the unchanged state of the degree of accelerator pedal opening, loosening of accelerator pedal without braking, braking, and other special situations with the input variables of car-following distance, speed of driver’s car, relative speed, time distance, and TTC using the support vector machine (SVM) method to build a prediction model for the operation behavior of the driver. The verification result showed that the model predicts driving behavior with an accuracy rate of 80%. It reflects the actual decision-making process of the driver, especially the normal operation of the driver, to loosen the accelerator pedal without braking. This model can help to optimize the algorithm of the rear-end accident warning system and improve intelligent system acceptance.
Dynamic behaviors for a delay Lasota–Wazewska model with feedback control on time scales
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Shi Chunling , Wang Danhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a delay Lasota–Wazewska system with feedback control on time scales is proposed. Firstly, by using some differential inequalities on time scales, sufficient conditions which ensure the permanence of the system are obtained. Secondly, by means of the fixed point theory and the exponential dichotomy of linear dynamic equations on time scales, some sufficient conditions for the existence of unique almost periodic solution are obtained. Moreover, exponential stability of the almost periodic positive solution is investigated by applying the Gronwall inequality. Finally, numeric simulations are carried out to show the feasibility of the main results.
Characterization and applications of chimeric mice with humanized livers for preclinical drug development
Authors: Tateno Chise , Kojima Yuha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have succeeded in stable mass production of chimeric PXB-mice, whose liver is repopulated by human hepatocytes at a ratio of more than 70%, and we are providing these mice to academia and pharmaceutical companies to support the development of new drugs or studies of liver function. Furthermore, we isolated human hepatocytes, called PXB-cells, from the chimeric mice, and provide them for clients weekly for in vitro studies. In this review, we summarize the existing characterizations of PXB-mice and PXB-cells and their present and future applications.
Head and Spinal Injuries in Equestrian Sports: Update on Epidemiology, Clinical Outcomes, and Injury Prevention
Authors: Gates Jennifer K. , Lin Cindy Y. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Equestrian sports represent a variety of activities involving a horse and rider. Due to the unpredictable nature of horses, their height, and potential high speeds involved, equestrian athletes are at risk of head and spinal injuries. This review describes the epidemiology, injury mechanisms, and risk factors for equestrian sports-related head and spinal injuries. Traumatic brain injuries, including concussions, are more common than spinal injuries. Both injury types are most commonly related to a rider fall from a horse. Spinal injuries are less common but are associated with potentially significant neurological morbidity when spinal cord injury occurs. An improved understanding of preventable injury mechanisms, increased certified helmet use, improved helmet technologies, and educational outreach may help to address the risk of head and spinal injuries in equestrian sports.
A declaração de morte, um revelador de dificuldades interacionais no serviço telefônico de emergência
Authors: Laforest Marty , Rioux-Turcotte Jessica 
Published: January 2020

Nas chamadas telefônicas dirigidas ao serviço de emergência, é comum que o estado emocional do chamador esteja alterado, em virtude do caráter perturbador do acontecimento motivador da chamada e da necessidade de se tomarem providências rapidamente. No entanto, apesar da premência característica de tais situações, um olhar atento revela que essas interações costumam desenvolver-se de maneira eficiente e inteligível, e podem ser consideradas harmoniosas. Há, entretanto, uma situação singular que é marcada pelo surgimento de dificuldades de comunicação entre o chamador e o atendente: quando uma pessoa é declarada morta. Esta contribuição se interessa pelas chamadas de emergência em que é feito um anúncio de morte. Nossa análise, conduzida numa perspectiva interacionista, baseia-se num corpus de chamadas dirigidas ao serviço telefônico de emergência 9-1-1. Descreve a resistência do chamador às solicitações e às instruções do atendente nessa situação. Concluímos que esse desalinhamento interacional está associado ao caráter padronizado do treinamento recebido pelos atendentes.
Development and Optimization of an Automatic System to Determine the Moisture Content in Single-Kernel Rough Rice Using Visible/NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Heman Adcha , Hsieh Ching-Lu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The moisture content of rough rice directly affects the rice quality and market value. It is important to automatically measure the moisture content in single rice kernels to determine the product quality during processing and storage. This study developed an automatic measurement system to determine the moisture content in single-kernel rough rice using a spectrometer and optimized the performance of the system using a response surface method (RSM) experiment. The system consisted of a vibrator, a rotating plate, a spectrometer, and a PC. A Box-Behnken design was used for the RSM experiment to determine three performance indices: successful ratio, successful scan, and error ratio. The vibrator was tested at 352, 423, and 495 Hz. The rotation speed of the plate was 4, 8, and 16 s per cycle, and three scan tests were performed using one, two, or three replications per kernel. The five tested moisture contents were 33.3%, 24.4%, 19.5%, 13.5%, and 12.2% wet basis (w.b.). The RSM results showed that of the 15 response surfaces, eleven surfaces were saddles, three were hills, and one was a valley. The corresponding maxima and minima were determined. The parameter set of 495 Hz, 16 s per cycle, and one scan resulted in a capacity of 60 kernels per minute and an error ratio of 0.0001.HighlightsAn automatic system was developed to determine the moisture content in single-kernel rough rice.The optimal operation condition was found by response surface method.With the optimal operation condition, the system processed 60 kernels per minute and had an error ratio of 0.0001. Keywords: Automation, Moisture content, NIR spectroscopy, Rough rice, Single kernel.
Development of an Autofollow Row Control System for a Mechanized Harvesting Test Bench for Underground Crops
Authors: Wang Shenying , Hu Zhichao , Wu Huichang , Wu Feng , Peng Baoliang , Gu Fengwei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. To solve problems such as the low quality and efficiency of mechanized harvesting for underground crops in China, this study developed an autofollow row control system for a mechanized harvesting test bench for underground crops. A closed-loop fixed dual-threshold dead-zone PD (proportional differential) algorithm was developed to control the corrective displacement of the excavating mechanism. The backlash, dead-zone width, proportional gain constant, and differential gain constant of the control system were determined as ±70 mm, 180 mm, 700, and 15, respectively, according to previous statistical analysis of underground crop production data, design calculations, simulations, and debugging. The test bench simulation experiments indicated that the missed excavation rate and breakage rate were significantly lower than those of a conventional harvester without an autofollow row control system. At a plant spacing of 40 cm, off-centerline distance of 6 cm, and forward speed of 0.7 m s-1, the average values of the missed excavation rate and breakage rate for the autofollow row harvester were 2.29% and 3.58%, respectively. This research can provide a technical reference for mechanized autofollow row harvesting of underground crops.HighlightsAn autofollow row control system for a mechanized harvesting test bench for underground crops was developed to improve harvesting quality and efficiency.A series of test bench experiments was conducted to determine the optimal parameter combination.A closed-loop fixed dual-threshold dead-zone PD algorithm was developed to control the corrective displacement of the excavating mechanism.The appropriate parameters (dead-zone threshold, dead-zone width, proportional coefficient, and differential coefficient) were determined.Harvesting quality improved significantly by using the developed autofollow row control system. Keywords: Autofollow row, Excavating harvest, Fixed dual-threshold dead-zone PD algorithm, Underground crops.
Wear Behavior of Different Materials Applied on Horizontal Mixer Blades Used in the Processing of Total Mixed Rations
Authors: Wang Tao , Wen Baoqin , Kan Za , Li Jingbin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A horizontal mixer can realize the cutting and mixing of coarse and fine feeds and achieve the purpose of scientific feeding. Studying the wear resistance of the mixer blades can improve the service life of a horizontal mixer. The wear performance of blades made of three different materials (manganese steel, tool steel, and spring steel) was studied under laboratory conditions and working conditions. In laboratory conditions, the wear scar morphology and surface elements were analyzed by means of three-dimensional topography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the friction coefficient, wear quality, and surface roughness of manganese steel blades had the lowest values of 0.49158, 0.0061 mg, and 4.341 µm in three groups of tests. In working conditions, the wear amount and surface roughness of the manganese steel blades in different zones of the mixer were the lowest. In addition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results showed that the grain size of the manganese steel blades was the smallest. Therefore, compared with the tool steel and spring steel blades, the manganese steel blades showed excellent wear resistance.HighlightsThe wear characteristics of horizontal mixer blades with different materials were studied.The wear characteristics of the blades were studied under laboratory and working conditions.The effect of grain on the wear performance of the blades was studied by electron backscatter diffraction. Keywords: Blade, Grain, Horizontal mixer, Wear resistance, Wear test.
Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Dong Yanting , Yuan Haiping , Zhang Ruina , Zhu Nanwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nitrogen is a dominant nutrient causing eutrophication of water bodies, and the discharge of nitrogen-containing wastewater can bring about undesirable changes to agriculture. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is the major form of nitrogen present in wastewater, and the control of NH4+-N discharge in wastewater has been a major concern around the world. Various methods have been adopted to control NH4+-N pollution in accepted water bodies. The methods employed for the elimination of NH4+-N in wastewater can be categorized as physicochemical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. The objectives of this review are to present a brief introduction to the main approaches for the removal of NH4+-N in wastewater and provide a theoretical basis for practical application of these methods.HighlightsVarious methods of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal from wastewater are reviewed.Operating conditions, advantages, and disadvantages of all approaches are discussed.Cost-effective, economical, and environmentally favorable means of NH4+-N removal are proposed. Keywords: Ammonia nitrogen, Biological treatment, Chemical treatment, Physical treatment, Wastewater.
Comparing six different species distribution models with several subsets of environmental variables: Predicting the potential current distribution of Guettarda speciosa in Indonesia
Authors: Yudaputra Angga , Astuti Inggit Puji , Cropper Wendell P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Yudaputra A, Pujiastuti I, Cropper Jr. WP. 2019. Comparing six different species distribution models with several subsets of environmental variables: predicting the potential current distribution of zebra Guettarda speciosa in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2321-2328. There are many algorithms of species distribution modeling that widely used to predict the potential distribution pattern of diverse organisms. Finding the best model in terms of predicting the potential distribution of many species remains a challenge. The objective of this study is to compare six different algorithms for predicting the potential current distribution pattern of Guettarda speciosa (zebra wood). The occurrence records of G. speciosa are derived from herbarium database, Bogor Botanic Gardens’s plant inventory database and direct field surveys through NKRI expedition. Seven climatic variables and elevation data are extracted from global data. R open-source software is used to run those algorithms and QGIS is used to prepare the spatial data. The result shows that MAXENT outperforms other predictive models with the highest AUC score 0.89, followed by SVM (0.87), RF (0.86), and GLM (0.82), DOMAIN (0.73), and BIOCLIM (0.62). Based on the AUC score, the four predictive models (MAXENT, SVM, RF, GLM) are categorized into good predictive models, indicating those are quite better to predict the potential current distribution pattern of G. speciosa. Whereas, DOMAIN is fair predictive model and BIOCLIM is poor predictive model. The predictive map derived from four models (MAXENT, SVM, RF, and GLM) shows almost similar appearance in predicting of potential current distribution of G. speciosa. The predictive map of current distribution would be useful to provide information regarding the potential habitat of G. speciosa across the landscape of Indonesia.