bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESAs und HIF-Stabilisatoren
Authors: Weinreich Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Möglichkeit, die renale Anämie durch die Substitution mit rekombinantem Erythropoetin zu korrigieren, stellt einen der Meilensteine in der Versorgung chronisch nierenkranker Patienten dar. Neben der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität ist diese Therapie aber auch mit potenziellen, insbesondere kardiovaskulären Sicherheitsrisiken verbunden. Die Effektivität der Behandlung ist bei chronischer Inflammation und mangelnder Eisenverfügbarkeit oft ineffizient. Die Entdeckung des Hypoxie induzierbaren Faktors (HIF) als eines zentralen Aktivators der Epo-Gen-Expression (Epo: Erythropoetin) führte zur Entwicklung neuer Substanzen zur Stimulation der endogenen Erythropoetinexpression: der HIF-Prolylhydroxylase-Inhibitoren (HIF-Stabilisatoren). Klinische Studien belegen die vergleichbare Effektivität dieser oral applizierbaren Substanzen im Vergleich zu ESAs (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents) bei gleichzeitig geringerem Eisenbedarf. Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst die Vor- und Nachteile der aktuelle Anämietherapie mit ESAs zusammen und skizziert den Stand der Entwicklung der HIF-Stabilisatoren in der Behandlung der renalen Anämie.
Marfan Syndrome with CRHD
Authors: Kakroo Shahood Ajaz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an inheritable disorder caused by mutation of fibrillin-1 gene. It is the most common disorder among disorders of connective tissue. Its mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. The reported prevalence of this disorder is one in three thousand (3000) to five (5000) thousand individuals. It presents with varied manifestation and different range of severity. The organ systems most commonly affected by this disorder include eyes, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system.The other systems which may be affected include respiratory system, skin, and central nervous system. It is diagnosed with the help of revised Ghent score which includes a set of various diagnostic criteria which need to be fulfilled. MFS in this patient was diagnosed after the fulfillment of the revised Ghent score criteria, which included a positive history of MFS in the family and a systemic score of 8.In this case report, we are reporting a case of MFS which is unusual and remarkable in the sense that it is associated with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), and not the cardiovascular features which are usually present in cases of MFS. We tried to find a similar case if ever reported previously and, after extensive search, we could find only few cases13
14
15 of MFS which were associated with CRHD.
Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo).
Authors: Rickel Caryn , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

P. aurea is a highly invasive running bamboo native to Southeast China that is now widespread globally and especially problematic in Australia and North America. This woody, rhizomatous perennial grass rapidly forms a dense monoculture, suffocating other native plants and altering the entire ecosystem. As well as having detrimental effects on the environment this bamboo may also damage property and poses a potential threat to human health as it harbours a fungus responsible for the disease Histoplasmosis. Invasive bamboos are among the fastest growing plants on Earth and one infestation of P. aurea can spread as far as 9.3 miles. The spread is rapid in all directions, increasing each successive year. It is listed as invasive in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Reunion, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, USA, Mexico, Spain and France. In the United States, it is listed as naturalized or invasive in 273 counties including the mid-Atlantic region of the USA, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Georgia. It is reported as fully naturalizing in New Zealand, with infestations forming dense stands, and some invading national parks. In Australia, this species is regarded as an environmental weed in Queensland and New South Wales.
Novel automatic scorpion-detection and -recognition system based on machine-learning techniques
Authors: Giambelluca Francisco L , Cappelletti Marcelo A , Osio Jorge R , Giambelluca Luis A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
All species of scorpions can inject venom, some of them even with the possibility of killing a human. Therefore, early detection and identification are essential to minimize scorpion stings. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic system for the detection and recognition of scorpions using computer vision and machine learning (ML) approaches. Two complementary image-processing techniques were used for the proposed detection method to accurately and reliably detect the presence of scorpions. The first is based on the fluorescent characteristics of scorpions when exposed to ultraviolet light, and the second on the shape features of the scorpions. Also, three models based on ML algorithms for the image recognition and classification of scorpions are compared. In particular, the three species of scorpions found in La Plata city (Argentina): Bothriurus bonariensis (of no sanitary importance), Tityus trivittatus, and Tityus confluence (both of sanitary importance) have been researched using a local binary-pattern histogram algorithm and deep neural networks with transfer learning (DNNs with TL) and data augmentation (DNNs with TL and DA) approaches. A confusion matrix and a receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the quality of these models. The results obtained show that the model of DNN with TL and DA is the most efficient at simultaneously differentiating between Tityus and Bothriurus (for health security) and between T. trivittatus and T. confluence (for biological research purposes).
Habitat-islands in the coastal Atacama Desert: loss of functional redundancy, but not of functional diversity, with decreased precipitation
Authors: Stotz Gisela C , Salgado-Luarte Cristian , Vigil Alonso T , De La Cruz Henry J , Pastén-Marambio Víctor , Gianoli Ernesto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAridity is increasing in many regions of the world, but microclimatic conditions may buffer plant communities from the direct effects of decreased precipitation, creating habitat islands. However, reduced precipitation can also impact these communities indirectly by decreasing the suitability of the surrounding habitat, thus limiting incoming propagules and increasing the chances of population decline and species loss. We test whether decreased precipitation results in loss of species and functional diversity within habitat islands, evaluating in particular whether declines in species diversity and abundance are less likely to result in loss of functional diversity if species/individual loss is stochastic (i.e. independent of species/individual traits) and communities/populations are functionally redundant.MethodsLomas communities are discrete plant communities embedded in the Atacama Desert, maintained by the microclimatic conditions created by fog. We recorded species and functional diversity in six Lomas communities along a 500 km long precipitation gradient in northern Chile. Functional traits were measured in 20 individuals per species, in those species that accounted for approx. 75 % of the abundance at each site. We calculated functional diversity and functional redundancy of the community, and intraspecific functional variation.Key ResultsDecreased precipitation was associated with lower species diversity and lower species abundances. However, no traits or functional strategies increased or decreased consistently with precipitation, suggesting stochastic species/individual loss. Species with stress-tolerant strategies were predominant in all sites. Although species diversity decreased with decreasing precipitation, functional diversity remained unchanged. Lower functional redundancy in the drier sites suggests that mainly functionally redundant species were lost. Likewise, intraspecific functional variation was similar among communities, despite the lower species abundance in drier sites.ConclusionsDecreased precipitation can impact habitat island communities indirectly by decreasing the suitability of the surrounding habitat. Our results support the idea that a stochastic loss of species/individuals from functionally redundant communities and populations does not result in loss of functional diversity.
Changes in Human Fat Injected Alongside Hyaluronic Acid in the Backs of Nude Mice
Authors: Zheng Zhifang , Lei Xiaoxuan , Yang Yu , Tan Xi , Cheng Biao , Huang Wenhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) is an active anti-aging cosmetic filler. The combination of cross-linked HA and preadipocytes or adipose-derived stem cells has been previously investigated, but the effects of agglomerated cross-linked HA injection on the vascularization of fat grafts remain unclear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of agglomerated cross-linked HA injection on the vascularization of fat grafts.

Methods
The backs of nude mice were divided into 4 regions that received different treatments: nothing (control group), agglomerated Biohyalux (HA group), agglomerated fat (FAT group), and lumps formed by the sequential injection of Biohyalux and fat (HA/FAT group). Samples were collected after 1 month for weighing and hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, image analysis, and Western blotting.

Results
The weight of fat and the mean number of adipocytes in the HA/FAT group did not significantly differ from those in the FAT group. No living tissue was found in agglomerated HA. Some tiny HA particles were surrounded by tissue rich in blood vessels. The expression levels of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the HA/FAT group were higher than those in the FAT group, but the difference was only significant for VEGF expression.

Conclusions
Cross-linked HA had minimal effect on the early retention rate of surrounding fat grafts, but enhanced their vascularization. Fat grafts should be not injected into lumps of cross-linked HA. Therefore, agglomerated cross-linked HA should be dissolved before fat transplantation.
Reductio ad Absurdum: Examining the Validity of the 500-Gram Rule in Reduction Mammaplasty
Authors: Kim Minji , Al Bayati Mahmood J , Mathew Prakash J , Thaller Seth R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Reduction mammaplasty is a common procedure associated with a very high patient satisfaction rate. It has been shown to alleviate symptoms related to macromastia, such as back, neck, and shoulder pain, poor posture, bra strap grooving, paresthesia, and rashes. Despite the manifold benefits of reduction mammaplasty, some insurance companies require minimum resection weights of at least 500 g per breast in order to distinguish between a reconstructive and aesthetic procedure.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the origins of the 500-g rule used in reduction mammaplasty.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted for studies published through July 2020 with multiple search terms related to resection weight criteria for breast reduction. Data on criteria, outcomes, and patient satisfaction were collected.

Results
A total of 14 articles were selected from the 27 articles that were identified. The 500-g rule appears to be arbitrary, and not based on any available hard evidence. However, numerous studies show that patients who have less than 500 g of tissue removed from each breast still experience significant symptomatic relief from reduction mammaplasty with a marked improvement in their quality of life.

Conclusions
The 500-g rule should be re-evaluated as an insurance company criterion for authorizing reduction mammaplasty. The rule may influence surgeons to choose between form and function. Many additional patients might then benefit from this important procedure.
Is Time a Factor in Quality of Life Improvement Following Breast Reduction?
Authors: Yaacobi Dafna (Shilo) , Olshinka Asaf , Shachar Tal , Lvovsky Alex , Shay Tamir , Hadanny Amir , Ad-El Dean D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Macromastia (breast hypertrophy) has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life (QoL), and surgical treatment therefore offers clear medical benefits.
Rapid improvements in musculoskeletal complaints are being reported long before final aesthetic results are traditionally evaluated.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to use the RAND Health Status Survey, in modified validated Short Form 36 (SF-36), to analyze patient QoL after breast reduction, and examine whether QoL changes as a function of postoperative time.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 50 consecutive selected female patients who underwent breast reduction surgery by the same technique performed by a single surgeon between January 2016 and December 2019. Changes in QoL were reported based on a modified SF-36 survey, with scores standardized according to the mean of the general population. Time intervals between the operations and surveys were recorded.

Results
The patients were divided into 3 categories according to time since their operation (&lt;3 months, 3-12 months, and &gt;12 months), and assessed pre- and postoperatively. The mean [standard deviation] weight of breast tissue removed was 479.97 [159.38] g per breast. Mean follow-up time was 15.02 [14.3] months. All patients were satisfied with the shape of their new breasts and none reported to have suffered major complications postoperatively. For all 3 groups, patients’ scores in the SF-36 survey post- compared with preoperation indicated improvement unrelated to time elapsed since operation.

Conclusions
Breast reduction improves symptoms and well-being, unrelated to amount of tissue removed or to time elapsed postsurgery. This improvement is rapid and may lead to better coverage from medical insurance providers.

Level of Evidence: 4
Lessons Learned in Implementing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in the Australian Breast Device Registry (ABDR)
Authors: Ng Sze , Parker Emily , Pusic Andrea , Farrell Gillian , Moore Colin , Elder Elisabeth , Cooter Rodney D , McNeil John , Hopper Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The Australian Breast Device Registry (ABDR) is a clinical quality registry which utilizes both surgical data and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to understand device performance. The ABDR is the first national breast device registry utilizing the BREAST-Q Implant Surveillance module to conduct PROMs via text messaging as the primary method of contact for most patients. ABDR PROMs are structured upon a successful acceptability and feasibility study and a pilot study.

Objectives
This aim of this paper was to examine the challenges we faced and consider how lessons learned in implementing PROMs might inform future registry studies and interventions.

Methods
We tracked the number of completed follow-ups and documented feedback between October 2017 and December 2018 from various stakeholders, including sites, surgeons, and patients.

Results
In total, 10,617 patients were contacted: 59% of breast augmentation and 77% breast reconstruction patients responded to our PROMs survey. We encountered challenges and developed solutions to overcome several key issues, including database setup; follow-up contact methods; ethics; education of surgeons and patients; associated costs; and ongoing evaluation and modification. The strategies we devised to address these challenges included drawing on experiences from previous studies, greater communication with sites and surgeons, and having the flexibility to improve and modify our PROMs.

Conclusions
The ABDR PROMs experience and lessons learned can inform a growing number of registries seeking to conduct PROMs. We describe our approach, obstacles encountered, and strategies to increase patient participation. As more breast device registries worldwide adopt PROMs, data harmonization is crucial to better understand patient outcomes and device performance.
Characterization of Medical Malpractice Litigation After Rhinoplasty in the United States
Authors: Ong Adrian A , Kelly Andrew , Castillo Geroline A , Carr Michele M , Sherris David A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
When complications following rhinoplasty occur or when the desired outcome is not achieved, patients may seek litigation on the premise that there was a violation in the standard of care. Knowledge of malpractice claims can inform rhinoplasty surgeons on how to minimize risk of future litigation as well as improve patient satisfaction.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to identify motives for seeking medical malpractice litigation after rhinoplasty, and to examine outcomes of malpractice litigation after rhinoplasty in the United States

Methods
The Westlaw legal database was reviewed for all available court decisions related to malpractice after rhinoplasty. Data collected and analyzed included plaintiff gender, location, specialty of defendant(s), plaintiff allegation, and adjudicated case outcomes.

Results
Twenty-three cases were identified between 1960 and 2018, located in 12 US states; 70% of the plaintiffs were female. Otolaryngologists were cited in 11 cases, whereas 12 cases involved a plastic surgeon. All cases alleged negligence. Cases involved “technical” errors (69.6%), “unsatisfactory” outcomes (39.1%), inadequate follow-up or aftercare (30.4%), issues with the informed consent process (21.7%), unexpectedly extensive surgery (8.7%), improper medication administration (4.3%), and failure to recognize symptoms (4.3%). Twenty of the 23 adjudicated cases (86.9%) were ruled in favor of the surgeon. The main contributing factor in cases alleging malpractice was poor aesthetic outcome/disfigurement (60.7%).

Conclusions
Malpractice litigation after rhinoplasty favored the surgeon in the majority of the adjudicated cases reviewed. The principal reason for litigating was dissatisfaction with aesthetic outcomes. Rhinoplasty surgeons may mitigate possible litigation by developing a positive doctor-patient relationship, clearly understanding the patient’s surgical expectations, and obtaining detailed informed consent while maintaining frequent and caring communication with the patient.
A two-step approach to testing overall effect of gene–environment interaction for multiple phenotypes
Authors: Majumdar Arunabha , Burch Kathryn S , Haldar Tanushree , Sankararaman Sriram , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Gauderman W James , Witte John S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Motivation
While gene–environment (GxE) interactions contribute importantly to many different phenotypes, detecting such interactions requires well-powered studies and has proven difficult. To address this, we combine two approaches to improve GxE power: simultaneously evaluating multiple phenotypes and using a two-step analysis approach. Previous work shows that the power to identify a main genetic effect can be improved by simultaneously analyzing multiple related phenotypes. For a univariate phenotype, two-step methods produce higher power for detecting a GxE interaction compared to single step analysis. Therefore, we propose a two-step approach to test for an overall GxE effect for multiple phenotypes.

Results
Using simulations we demonstrate that, when more than one phenotype has GxE effect (i.e. GxE pleiotropy), our approach offers substantial gain in power (18–43%) to detect an aggregate-level GxE effect for a multivariate phenotype compared to an analogous two-step method to identify GxE effect for a univariate phenotype. We applied the proposed approach to simultaneously analyze three lipids, LDL, HDL and Triglyceride with the frequency of alcohol consumption as environmental factor in the UK Biobank. The method identified two loci with an overall GxE effect on the vector of lipids, one of which was missed by the competing approaches.

Availability and implementation
We provide an R package MPGE implementing the proposed approach which is available from CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MPGE/index.html

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Convergence and divergence in anti-predator displays: a novel approach to quantitative behavioural comparison in snakes
Authors: Davis Rabosky Alison R , Moore Talia Y , Sánchez-Paredes Ciara M , Westeen Erin P , Larson Joanna G , Sealey Briana A , Balinski Bailey A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnimals in nature use many strategies to evade or deter their predators. Within venomous snake mimicry, stereotyped anti-predator behaviours are hypothesized to be effective warning signals under strong selection for independent convergence across species. However, no studies have systematically quantified snake anti-predator displays across taxonomically broad clades to examine how these behaviours evolve within a comparative methods framework. Here we describe a new high-throughput approach for collecting and quantifying anti-predator displays in snakes that demonstrates both low observer bias and infinite extension. Then, we show this method’s utility by comparing 20 species spanning six taxonomic families from Peru. We found that a simple experimental set-up varying simulated predator cues was successful in eliciting displays across species and that high-speed videography captured a great diversity of anti-predator responses. Although display components show complicated patterns of covariance, we found support for behavioural convergence in anti-predator displays among elapid coral snakes and their distantly related mimics. Our approach provides new analytical opportunities for both behaviour and kinematics, especially macroevolutionary analyses across clades with similar difficulty in observing or comparing trait diversity.
Stability in the Balkans: phylogeography of the endemic Greek stream frog,Rana graeca
Authors: Jablonski Daniel , Gkontas Ioannis , Poursanidis Dimitris , Lymberakis Petros , Poulakakis Nikos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe still have little knowledge concerning the phylogeography of amphibians and reptiles from the Balkan Peninsula compared with the other two Mediterranean peninsulas. This raises concerns for endemic taxa from these peninsulas, because it might interfere with further conservation efforts. Here we focus on the endemic Greek stream frog (Rana graeca) and reconstruct its biogeography and evolutionary history. Using four genetic markers (Cytb, 16S, COI and BDNF) in &gt; 350 sequences covering the whole distribution range, we conducted phylogenetic, demographic and ecological niche analyses, which revealed the phylogeography of this species. Surprisingly, this examination of R. graeca reveals a very shallow level of intraspecific genetic variability through the Balkans, with two main, statistically supported lineages having a partly sympatric distribution. The most variable marker was Cytb, which showed 19 haplotypes in 123 analysed sequences in the whole species distribution area. Here presented genetic data, together with the environmental niche projection and demographic analyses suggest that R. graeca was probably affected only marginally by climatic oscillations, with the Hellenides as the most suitable area for the occurrence of the species in different geological periods. This is consistent with the observed genetic diversity, which is mostly related to these mountains. Although the species shows a certain level of phenotypic variability and ecological preferences, this might be related to species plasticity affected by the micro-climatic conditions in small areas, which merits further research. Comparing phylogeography of other amphibian and reptile species in the Balkans, we showed that the observed pattern represents a new view on the phylogeography of the Balkan herpetofauna.