bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Çekme Düzensizliği Bulunan Betonarme Binaların Geçiş Kat Döşemelerinin Modellenmesi
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Nurbanu 
Published: September 2020

Döşemeler, katlara etkiyen deprem yüklerini düşey taşıyıcılara aktaran, bu elemanlarının birlikte çalışmasını sağlayan yatay taşıyıcı sistem elemanlardır. Düşey taşıyıcılara oranla yüksek düzlem içi rijitliğe sahip olan döşemeler, rijit diyafram olarak modellenirler. Rijit diyafram modeli, taşıyıcı sistemi düzenli betonarme binalar için uygun çözüm sunmaktadır. Ancak normal katlardan perdelerle çevrili bodrum kata geçiş döşemeleri ile düşey doğrultuda plan alanlarının aniden değiştiği çekme düzensizliği bulunan binalardaki geçiş kat döşemeleri için rijit diyafram kabulünün dikkatle irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2019)’nde geçiş kat döşemelerinin sonlu elemanlarla modellenmesi ve yeterli rijitliğe sahip olduğunun hesapla gösterilmesinin gerekliliği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada çekme düzensizliğine sahip betonarme bina modelleri üzerinde, rijit diyafram modeli ile döşemelerin esnek davranışını (düzlem içi şekil değiştirmelerini) göz önüne alan sonlu eleman modeli arasındaki farklar incelenerek rijit diyafram modelinin uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla modellerde, döşemeler rijit diyafram modeli ve iki boyutlu sonlu eleman modeli olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde modellenmiş, mod birleştirme yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Modeller, modal katkılar, geçiş kattaki yatay ötelenme değişimi, ve gerilme dağılımlarındaki değişimler dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Analizler neticesinde sonlu eleman modelinin, incelenen sistemler için rijit diyafram modeline oranla büyük değerler verdiği, ancak aradaki farkın kabul edilebilir limitler arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Analiz süresinde sağladığı avantaj dikkate alındığında yeterli döşeme kalınlığı alınarak rijit diyafram kabulünün incelenen sistemler için uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.
Sono e fatores de estresse de professores do ensino superior da área da saúde
Authors: Dos Santos Francelly Carvalho , Viana Caroline Stefanie Oliveira , Melo Larissa da Silva , Costa Paula Beatriz Moura , Ykeda Daisy Satomi 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O profissional docente é submetido a avaliações, exigências de qualificação e produtividade, que demandam gastos financeiros e tempo, gerando a necessidade de diversos empregos e dificultando o equilíbrio entre a vida pessoal e responsabilidades sociais, que, por sua vez, pode desenvolver estresse, prejudicar o sono e rendimento profissional. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do sono e identificar os principais fatores estressores da população de professores do ensino superior da área de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, quantitativo e transversal com 27 docentes do ensino superior da área da saúde. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh, contendo perguntas relativas aos hábitos de sono, durante o último mês, Questionário de Fatores de Estresse de Professores que apresenta 36 fatores estressores relacionados à docência e ficha de identificação da amostra contendo questões como idade, gênero, estado civil, etc. Os dados foram inseridos em planilha EXCEL e realizado o tratamento estatístico, por meio da análise dos dados pelo programa de estatística SPSS 20.0. Foram apresentados, em média, desvio padrão e frequência relativa (%). Os dados com distribuição normal, avaliados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, foram comparados pelo Teste t de Student, considerando, estatisticamente, significante o p ? 0,05. Resultados: PSQI-BR: 44% - boa qualidade de sono; 56% - qualidade de sono ruim. QFEP: fatores de maior estresse: longas jornadas de trabalho, falta de tempo para si, multiplicidade de tarefas do educador, burocratização das atividades, falta de remuneração satisfatória, tempo de dedicação exigido excessivo e falta de reconhecimento administrativo do profissional. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes apresentou qualidade de sono ruim e os fatores com maiores potenciais de estresse foram as longas jornadas de trabalho e a multiplicidade de tarefas do educador, no entanto, ainda, são necessários mais estudos sobre o tema em questão.
An EARLINET early warning system for atmospheric aerosol aviation hazards
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , D'Amico Giuseppe , Gialitaki Anna , Ajtai Nicolae , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Amodeo Aldo , Amiridis Vassilis , Baars Holger , Balis Dimitris , Binietoglou Ioannis , Comerón Adolfo , Dionisi Davide , Falconieri Alfredo , Fréville Patrick , Kampouri Anna , Mattis Ina , Mijić Zoran , Molero Francisco , Papayannis Alex , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Solomos Stavros , Mona Lucia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A stand-alone lidar-based method for detecting airborne hazards for
aviation in near real time (NRT) is presented. A polarization lidar
allows for the identification of irregular-shaped particles such as
volcanic dust and desert dust. The Single Calculus Chain (SCC) of the
European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) delivers high-resolution
preprocessed data: the calibrated total attenuated backscatter and
the calibrated volume linear depolarization ratio time series. From
these calibrated lidar signals, the particle backscatter coefficient
and the particle depolarization ratio can be derived in temporally
high resolution and thus provide the basis of the NRT early warning
system (EWS). In particular, an iterative method for the retrieval of
the particle backscatter is implemented. This improved capability was
designed as a pilot that will produce alerts for imminent threats for
aviation. The method is applied to data during two diverse aerosol
scenarios: first, a record breaking desert dust intrusion in March 2018 over Finokalia, Greece, and, second, an intrusion of volcanic
particles originating from Mount Etna, Italy, in June 2019 over Antikythera,
Greece. Additionally, a devoted observational period including several
EARLINET lidar systems demonstrates the network's preparedness to
offer insight into natural hazards that affect the aviation sector.
Small-scale variability of stratospheric ozone during the sudden stratospheric warming 2018/2019 observed at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Schranz Franziska , Hagen Jonas , Stober Gunter , Hocke Klemens , Murk Axel , Kämpfer Niklaus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Middle atmospheric ozone, water vapour and zonal and meridional wind profiles have been measured with the two ground-based microwave radiometers GROMOS-C and MIAWARA-C.
The instruments have been located at the Arctic research base AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79∘ N, 12∘ E), since September 2015. GROMOS-C measures ozone spectra in the four cardinal directions with an elevation angle of 22∘.
This means that the probed air masses at an altitude of 3 hPa (37 km) have a horizontal distance of 92 km to Ny-Ålesund. We retrieve four separate ozone profiles along the lines of sight and calculate daily mean horizontal ozone gradients which allow us to investigate the small-scale spatial variability of ozone above Ny-Ålesund.
We present the evolution of the ozone gradients at Ny-Ålesund during winter 2018/2019, when a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) took place with the central date at 2 January, and link it to the planetary wave activity.
We further analyse the SSW and discuss our ozone and water vapour measurements in a global context.
At 3 hPa we find a distinct seasonal variation of the ozone gradients.
The strong polar vortex during October and March results in a decreasing ozone volume mixing ratio towards the pole. In November the amplitudes of the planetary waves grow until they break in the end of December and an SSW takes place.
From November until February ozone increases towards higher latitudes and the magnitude of the ozone gradients is smaller than in October and March. We attribute this to the planetary wave activity of wave numbers 1 and 2 which enabled meridional transport. The MERRA-2 reanalysis and the SD-WACCM model are able to capture the small-scale ozone variability and its seasonal changes.
Measurements of carbonyl compounds around the Arabian Peninsula: overview and model comparison
Authors: Wang Nijing , Edtbauer Achim , Stönner Christof , Pozzer Andrea , Bourtsoukidis Efstratios , Ernle Lisa , Dienhart Dirk , Hottmann Bettina , Fischer Horst , Schuladen Jan , Crowley John N. , Paris Jean-Daniel , Lelieveld Jos , Williams Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured around the Arabian Peninsula using a research vessel during the AQABA campaign (Air Quality and Climate
Change in the Arabian Basin) from June to August 2017. In this study we
examine carbonyl compounds, measured by a proton transfer reaction mass
spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), and present both a regional concentration
distribution and a budget assessment for these key atmospheric species.
Among the aliphatic carbonyls, acetone had the highest mixing ratios in most
of the regions traversed, varying from 0.43 ppb over the Arabian Sea to 4.5 ppb over the Arabian Gulf, followed by formaldehyde (measured by a Hantzsch monitor, 0.82 ppb over the Arabian Sea and 3.8 ppb over the Arabian Gulf)
and acetaldehyde (0.13 ppb over the Arabian Sea and 1.7 ppb over the Arabian
Gulf). Unsaturated carbonyls (C4–C9) varied from 10 to 700 ppt during the
campaign and followed similar regional mixing ratio dependence to aliphatic carbonyls, which were identified as oxidation products of cycloalkanes over
polluted areas. We compared the measurements of acetaldehyde, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone to global chemistry-transport model (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry – EMAC) results. A
significant discrepancy was found for acetaldehyde, with the model
underestimating the measured acetaldehyde mixing ratio by up to an order of
magnitude. Implementing a photolytically driven marine source of
acetaldehyde significantly improved the agreement between measurements and
model, particularly over the remote regions (e.g. Arabian Sea). However, the
newly introduced acetaldehyde source was still insufficient to describe the
observations over the most polluted regions (Arabian Gulf and Suez), where
model underestimation of primary emissions and biomass burning events are
possible reasons.
Century-scale wood nitrogen isotope trajectories from an oak savanna with variable fire frequencies
Authors: Trumper Matthew L. , Griffin Daniel , Hobbie Sarah E. , Howard Ian M. , Nelson David M. , Reich Peter B. , McLauchlan Kendra K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Fire frequency exerts a fundamental control on productivity and nutrient
cycling in savanna ecosystems. Individual fires often increase
short-term nitrogen (N) availability to plants, but repeated burning
causes ecosystem N losses and can ultimately decrease soil organic
matter and N availability. However, these effects remain poorly
understood due to limited long-term biogeochemical data. Here, we
evaluate how fire frequency and changing vegetation composition
influenced wood stable N isotopes (δ15N) across space and
time at one of the longest running prescribed burn experiments
in the world (established in 1964). We developed multiple δ15N records
across a burn frequency gradient from precisely dated Quercus macrocarpa tree rings in an oak savanna at Cedar Creek Ecosystem
Science Reserve, Minnesota, USA. Sixteen trees were sampled across four
treatment stands that varied with respect to the temporal onset of burning and burn
frequency but were consistent in overstory species representation, soil
characteristics, and topography. Burn frequency ranged from an unburned
control stand to a high-fire-frequency stand that had burned in 4 of
every 5 years during the past 55 years. Because N stocks and net N
mineralization rates are currently lowest in frequently burned stands,
we hypothesized that wood δ15N trajectories would decline
through time in all burned stands, but at a rate proportional to the fire
frequency. We found that wood δ15N records within each stand
were remarkably coherent in their mean state and trend through time. A
gradual decline in wood δ15N occurred in the mid-20th
century in the no-, low-, and medium-fire stands, whereas there was no
trend in the high-fire stand. The decline in the three stands did not
systematically coincide with the onset of prescribed burning. Thus, we
found limited evidence for variation in wood δ15N that could
be attributed directly to long-term fire frequency in this prescribed
burn experiment in temperate oak savanna. Our wood δ15N
results may instead reflect decadal-scale changes in vegetation
composition and abundance due to early- to mid-20th-century fire
suppression.
Assessing the degree of detail of temperature-based snow routines for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in central Europe
Authors: Girons Lopez Marc , Vis Marc J. P. , Jenicek Michal , Griessinger Nena , Seibert Jan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Snow processes are a key component of the water cycle in mountainous areas as well as in many areas of the mid and high latitudes of the Earth. The complexity of these processes, coupled with the limited data available on them, has led to the development of different modelling approaches aimed at improving our understanding of these processes and supporting decision-making and management practices. Physically based approaches, such as the energy balance method, provide the best representation of snow processes, but limitations in data availability in many situations constrain their applicability in favour of more straightforward approaches. Indeed, the comparatively simple temperature-index method has become the most widely used modelling approach for representing snowpack processes in rainfall-runoff modelling, with different variants of this method implemented across many models. Nevertheless, the decisions on the most suitable degree of detail of the model are in many cases not adequately assessed for a given application. In this study we assessed the suitability of a number of formulations of
different components of the simple temperature-index method for rainfall-runoff modelling in mountainous areas of central Europe by using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) bucket-type model. To this end, we reviewed the most widely used formulations of different components of temperature-based snow routines from different rainfall-runoff models and proposed a series of modifications to
the default structure of the HBV model. We narrowed the choice of
alternative formulations to those that provide a simple conceptualisation of
the described processes in order to constrain parameter and model
uncertainty. We analysed a total of 64 alternative snow routine structures
over 54 catchments using a split-sample test. Overall, the most valuable
modifications to the standard structure of the HBV snow routine were (a) using an exponential snowmelt function coupled with no refreezing and (b) computing melt rates with a seasonally variable degree-day factor. Our
results also demonstrated that increasing the degree of detail of the
temperature-based snow routines in rainfall-runoff models did not
necessarily lead to an improved model performance per se. Instead,
performing an analysis on which processes are to be included, and to which
degree of detail, for a given model and application is a better approach to
obtain more reliable and robust results.
A systematic assessment of uncertainties in large-scale soil loss estimation from different representations of USLE input factors – a case study for Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Schürz Christoph , Mehdi Bano , Kiesel Jens , Schulz Karsten , Herrnegger Mathew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is the most commonly used model to assess soil erosion by water. The model equation quantifies long-term average annual soil loss as a product of the rainfall erosivity R, soil erodibility K, slope length and steepness LS, soil cover C, and support measures P. A large variety of methods exist to derive these model inputs from readily available data. However, the estimated values of a respective model input can strongly differ when employing different methods and can eventually introduce large uncertainties in the estimated soil loss. The potential to evaluate soil loss estimates at a large scale is very limited due to scarce in-field observations and their comparability to long-term soil estimates. In this work we addressed (i) the uncertainties in the soil loss estimates that can potentially be introduced by different representations of the USLE input factors and (ii) challenges that can arise in the evaluation of uncertain soil loss estimates with observed data. In a systematic analysis we developed different representations of USLE inputs for the study domain of Kenya and Uganda. All combinations of the generated USLE inputs resulted in 972 USLE model setups. We assessed the resulting distributions in soil loss, both spatially distributed and on the administrative level for Kenya and Uganda. In a sensitivity analysis we analyzed the contributions of the USLE model inputs to the ranges in soil loss and analyzed their spatial patterns. We compared the calculated USLE ensemble soil estimates to available in-field data and other study results and addressed possibilities and limitations of the USLE model evaluation. The USLE model ensemble resulted in wide ranges of estimated soil loss, exceeding the mean soil loss by over an order of magnitude, particularly in hilly topographies. The study implies that a soil loss assessment with the USLE is highly uncertain and strongly depends on the realizations of the model input factors. The employed sensitivity analysis enabled us to identify spatial patterns in the importance of the USLE input factors. The C and K factors showed large-scale patterns of importance in the densely vegetated part of Uganda and the dry north of Kenya, respectively, while LS was relevant in small-scale heterogeneous patterns. Major challenges for the evaluation of the estimated soil losses with in-field data were due to spatial and temporal limitations of the observation data but also due to measured soil losses describing processes that are different to the ones that are represented by the USLE.
A prospective, multisite study analyzing the percentage of urological cases that can be completely managed by telemedicine
Authors: Turcotte Bruno , Paquet Sophie , Blais Anne-Sophie , Blouin Annie-Claude , Bolduc Stéphane , Bureau Michel , Caumartin Yves , Cloutier Jonathan , Deschênes-Rompré Marie-Pier , Dujardin Thierry , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Moore Katherine , Morin Fannie , Nadeau Geneviève , Simonyan David , Soucy Frédéric , Tiguert Rabi , Toren Paul , Lodde Michele , Pouliot Frédéric 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of telemedicine due to confinement measures. However, the percentage of outpatient urological cases that could be managed completely by telemedicine outside of the COVID-19 pandemic remains to be determined. We conducted a prospective multisite study involving all urologists working in the region of Quebec City.
Methods: During the first 4 weeks of the regional confinement, 18 pediatric and adult urologists were asked to determine after each telemedicine appointment, if it translated into a complete (CCM), incomplete (ICM), or suboptimal case management (SCM, adequate only in the context of the pandemic).
Results: 1679 appointments representing all urological areas were registered. Overall, 67.6 [65.3;69.8]%, 27.1 [25.0;29.3]% and 4.3 [3.5;5.4]% were reported as CCM, SCM and ICM, respectively. The CCM ratio varied according to the reason for consultation, with cancer suspicion (52.9 [42.9;62.8]%) and pediatric reasons (38.0 [30.0;46.6]%) showing the lowest CCM percentages. CCM percentages also varied significantly based on the setting where it was performed, ranging from 61.1% (private clinic) to 86.8% (endourology and general hospital).
Conclusion: We show that two thirds of all urological outpatient cases could be completely managed by telemedicine outside of the pandemic. After the pandemic, it will be important to incorporate telemedicine as an alternative for a patient’s first or follow-up visit, especially those with geographical, pathological and socioeconomic considerations.
A Model for Improving Guesses of Future Soccer League Game Results
Authors: Garyn-Tal Sharon , Ben-David Nissim 
Published: September 2020

In this paper we propose a model for predicting future soccer game results by using information about the results of past league games. First, from regressions we extracted the prediction confidence interval for the goal difference between the winner and the loser in each game. Second, we created an arbitrary range around zero and defined criteria for forecasting a win, a tie or a loss according to the location of the confidence interval relative to the arbitrary range we defined. Third, we gradually changed the edges of the arbitrary range and repeated the second step. Among all the arbitrary ranges, we chose the one that best predicted the match results. We found that the best arbitrary range accurately predicts 52% of the match results. Finally, we upgraded the model by allowing double chance betting, which offers gamblers five possible betting options: home team wins (1), home team wins or game ends in a tie (1 and X), away team wins (2), away team wins or game ends in a tie (2 and X), game ends in a tie (X). When double chance betting was allowed, the model accurately predicted 77% of the match results.
Junket Operation: Macao’s Growing Pains or Stimulants?
Authors: Guan Jieqi , Liu Ming , Lau Yui-yip 
Published: September 2020

Two serious junket incidents happened in Macao in 2014 and 2015 which led to the significant drop in gross gaming revenue lasting for 27 consecutive months. In this paper, we investigate the importance of junket operation towards gaming companies’ financial performance and the interaction between the performance of corporate governance and junket operation. This study uses regression analysis to examine the relationships among corporate governance, financial performance, and junket promoters in Macao’s gaming tourism industry as well as the differences between those relationships under different economic conditions. The resultsreflect that when economy is booming, the corporate governance performance of gaming operators shows a decreasing trend. Under the control of corporate governance, the gaming operators tend to cooperate with junket promoters in a positive manner. In contrast, the junket operation brings negative impact on casino incomewithout the interaction of corporate governance, especially during booming economic periods. The result is aligned with the actual commission percentage over casino revenue, corporate governance score, and EPS of gaming operators. In a gaming sector, the junket operation towards casino profit and its interaction with corporate governance still overlooked in the academic study. This study not only fills in the research gap, but also provides constructive suggestions for Macao government to optimize the gaming inspection system and the rules on junket operations.