bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Synthetic Interfering Peptide Tat-3L4F Attenuates Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain Through Disrupting Crosstalk Between Serotonin Receptor 2C and Protein Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Rats
Authors: Wang Yewei , Wang Dandan , Chen Yan , Fang Xinyu , Yu Lingfang , Zhang Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Accompanied with profound efficacy, atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) contribute to metabolic adverse effects with few effective strategies to attenuate. Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (HTR2C) plays a critical role in hyperphagia and weight gain induced by AAPs, and expression of phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) in the hypothalamus also affects feeding behavior and weight change. Moreover, PTEN has a physical crosstalk between PTEN and a region in the third intracellular loop (3L4F) of the HTR2C. Tat-3L4F has the property to disrupt crosstalk between PTEN and HTR2C. This is the first study to our knowledge to investigate the effect of Tat-3L4F on olanzapine-induced metabolic abnormalities and PTEN/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B expression in the hypothalamus in rats.

Methods
The effects of Tat-3L4F were investigated through measuring body weight, food intake, and blood glucose. In addition, PTEN/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B level in the hypothalamus was detected by immunofluorescence assay and western blot. Metabolites in the liver tissue were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed by multivariate analyses and pairwise comparison.

Results
Our results showed that hyperphagia and weight gain were evident in the olanzapine alone–fed rats but was attenuated after Tat-3L4F treatment. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test indicated blood glucose at 120 minutes was higher in the olanzapine alone–treated group than in groups treated with vehicle and olanzapine + Tat-3L4F (10 μmol kg−1 per day). Furthermore, compared with olanzapine alone treatment, treatment with Tat-3L4F (10 μmol kg−1 per day) significantly inhibited PTEN expression in the hypothalamus. The olanzapine alone–treated group had the highest bile acid level, followed by the olanzapine with Tat-3L4F (1 μmol kg−1) group, olanzapine with Tat-3L4F (10 μmol kg−1) group, and vehicle group.

Conclusions
Our present results reveal that Tat-3L4F is a potential pharmacological strategy for suppressing hyperphagia and weight gain induced by olanzapine, which acts through disrupting crosstalk between HTR2C and PTEN as a result of PTEN downregulation in the hypothalamus.
Non-Commutative Crepant Resolutions for Some Toric Singularities I
Authors: Špenko Špela , Van den Bergh Michel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We give a criterion for the existence of noncommutative crepant resolutions (NCCRs) for certain toric singularities. In particular, we recover Broomhead’s result that a three-dimensional toric Gorenstein singularity has an NCCR. Our result also yields the existence of an NCCR for a four-dimensional toric Gorenstein singularity, which is known to have no toric NCCR.
The Lazarus Effect and the Labour Market: Evidence from At-Scale Antiretroviral Therapy in Zambia
Authors: Wilson Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Between 2000 and 2015, access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa increased from virtually 0% to approximately 40% coverage. Despite the promise of ART to improve health, a variety of supply- and demand-side factors suggest at-scale ART may not improve employment outcomes. To measure the causal effect of ART on employment outcomes, I use triple-difference regression analysis, exploiting spatial, temporal and demographic variation in intensity of ART exposure during scale-up in Zambia. My results suggest that local ART introduction increased employment of likely HIV+ adults by eight percentage points, or approximately 15% relative to the sample mean. Cash employment and employment for no pay—the first and second largest employment categories in Zambia, respectively—each comprised roughly one-half of the employment gains. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity analyses support a causal interpretation of the results. These findings appear to be the first at-scale quasi-experimental evidence suggesting that ART, the single largest item in many countries’ foreign health aid budgets, can improve employment outcomes among the targeted.
Structure of HIRAN domain of human HLTF bound to duplex DNA provides structural basis for DNA unwinding to initiate replication fork regression
Authors: Hishiki Asami , Sato Mamoru , Hashimoto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Replication fork regression is a mechanism to rescue a stalled fork by various replication stresses, such as DNA lesions. Helicase-like transcription factor, a SNF2 translocase, plays a central role in the fork regression and its N-terminal domain, HIRAN (HIP116 and Rad5 N-terminal), binds the 3’-hydroxy group of single-stranded DNA. Furthermore, HIRAN is supposed to bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and involved in strand separation in the fork regression, whereas structural basis for mechanisms underlying dsDNA binding and strand separation by HIRAN are still unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of HIRAN bound to duplex DNA. The structure reveals that HIRAN binds the 3’-hydroxy group of DNA and unexpectedly unwinds three nucleobases of the duplex. Phe-142 is involved in the dsDNA binding and the strand separation. In addition, the structure unravels the mechanism underlying sequence-independent recognition for purine bases by HIRAN, where the N-glycosidic bond adopts syn conformation. Our findings indicate direct involvement of HIRAN in the fork regression by separating of the daughter strand from the parental template.
Bicarbonate enhances the inflammatory response by activating JAK/STAT signalling in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages
Authors: Kawakami Tomoya , Koike Atsushi , Maehara Toko , Hayashi Tetsuya , Fujimori Ko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMacrophages, which develop by changing their functions according to various environmental conditions and stimuli, defend against the pathogens and play roles in homoeostasis and disease states. Bicarbonate (HCO3−) is important in the maintenance of intracellular and extracellular pH in the body. However, the effects of bicarbonate on macrophage function have not been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of bicarbonate on macrophage activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ (LPS + IFN-γ)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. The expression of the interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in a concentration-dependent manner in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The production of IL-6, NO2− and prostaglandin E2 was also increased by treatment with NaHCO3 in these cells. Moreover, NaHCO3-mediated elevation of inflammatory gene expression was abrogated by solute carrier (SLC) transporter inhibitors. Furthermore, its NaHCO3-mediated activation was negated by a JAK inhibitor , tofacitinib. NaHCO3-enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1, and its enhancement was abrogated by pre-treating with SLC transporter inhibitors in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, similar results were obtained in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. These results indicate that bicarbonate enhanced the inflammatory response through the JAK/STAT signalling in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages.
“Homes away from Home” and “Happy Prisoners”: Disabled Veterans, Space, and Masculinity in Britain, 1944–19501
Authors: Anderson Julie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines the changing nature of home for disabled ex-servicemen in the Second World War. It explores the function of institutional and domestic space in the restoration of traditional male roles. Masculine activities were encouraged in the long-stay institution, as men attempted to overcome their disability and be found suitable to resume a place in a traditional domestic home. Owing to war damage, finding housing was particularly challenging for disabled men, but a combination of the influence of the British Legion, donations from the public, and their preference to memorialize the war through the building of homes increased the possibility of living in a traditional domestic space. The building, alteration, and occupation of homes reinforced certain modes of behavior and expectations of disabled veterans, cementing the central, traditional role of men in postwar Britain. Importantly, freedom from institutional living came through traditional relationships with women and the production of children. This analysis of the home in its many configurations offers insight into disabled ex-servicemen, demonstrating that the institutional and domestic spaces that constitute home are as important in understanding masculinity as other traditionally gendered spaces such as the workplace.
Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots
Authors: Waidmann Sascha , Sarkel Elizabeth , Kleine-Vehn Jürgen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
Advance Research Directives: Legal and Ethical Issues and Insights from a National Survey of Dementia Researchers in Australia
Authors: Ries Nola M , Mansfield Elise , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Advance research directives (ARDs) are a means by which people can document their wishes about research participation in the event of future incapacity. ARDs have been endorsed in some ethics guidelines and position statements, however, formal legal recognition is limited. A few empirical studies have investigated the views of researchers and other stakeholders on ARDs and tested strategies to implement such directives. To further knowledge in this area, we undertook a survey of dementia researchers in Australia (n= 63) to examine their views on ARDs. Most of the survey respondents (&gt;80%) thought ARDs would promote autonomy in decision-making and enable opportunities for people with cognitive impairment to be included in research. Respondents indicated concern about directives not being available when needed (71%) and that ethics committees would not accept ARDs (60%). Few respondents had used ARDs, but a majority (from 57–80%) would be willing to offer ARDs for a range of research activities, such as observing behaviour and taking measures, blood samples or scans. Nearly all respondents (92%) agreed that current dissent should override prior wishes stated in an ARD. The survey findings are contextualised with attention to ethics guidelines, laws and practices to support advance research planning.
Globular cluster ejection, infall, and the host dark matter halo of the Pegasus dwarf galaxy
Authors: Leaman Ryan , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Cole Andrew A , Beasley Michael A , Boecker Alina , Fahrion Katja , Bianchini Paolo , Falcón-Barroso Jesus , Webb Jeremy , Sills Alison , Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Neumayer Nadine , Sippel Anna C 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent photometric observations revealed a massive, extended (MGC ≳ 105 M⊙; Rh ∼ 14 pc) globular cluster (GC) in the central region (D3D ≲ 100 pc) of the low-mass (M* ∼ 5 × 106 M⊙) dwarf irregular galaxy Pegasus. This massive GC offers a unique opportunity to study star cluster inspiral as a mechanism for building up nuclear star clusters, and the dark matter (DM) density profile of the host galaxy. Here, we present spectroscopic observations indicating that the GC has a systemic velocity of ΔV = 3 ± 8 km s−1 relative to the host galaxy, and an old, metal-poor stellar population. We run a suite of orbital evolution models for a variety of host potentials (cored to cusped) and find that the GC’s observed tidal radius (which is ∼3 times larger than the local Jacobi radius), relaxation time, and relative velocity are consistent with it surviving inspiral from a distance of Dgal ≳ 700 pc (up to the maximum tested value of Dgal = 2000 pc). In successful trials, the GC arrives to the galaxy centre only within the last ∼1.4 ± 1 Gyr. Orbits that arrive in the centre and survive are possible in DM haloes of nearly all shapes, however to satisfy the GC’s structural constraints a galaxy DM halo with mass MDM ≃ 6 ± 2 × 109 M⊙, concentration c ≃ 13.7 ± 0.6, and an inner slope to the DM density profile of −0.9 ≤ γ ≤ −0.5 is preferred. The gas densities necessary for its creation and survival suggest the GC could have formed initially near the dwarf’s centre, but then was quickly relocated to the outskirts where the weaker tidal field permitted an increased size and relaxation time – with the latter preserving the former during subsequent orbital decay.
Negative dynamical friction on compact objects moving through dense gas
Authors: Gruzinov Andrei , Levin Yuri , Matzner Christopher D 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
An overdense wake is created by a gravitating object moving through a gaseous medium, and this wake pulls back on the object and slows it down. This is conventional dynamical friction in a gaseous medium. We argue that if the object drives a sufficiently powerful outflow, the wake is destroyed and instead an extended underdense region is created behind the object. In this case the overall gravitational force is applied in the direction of the object’s motion, producing a negative dynamical friction (NDF). Black holes in dense gas drive powerful outflows and may experience the NDF, although extensive numerical work is probably needed to demonstrate or refute this conclusively. NDF may be important for stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars inside ‘common envelopes’ in binary systems, for stellar mass black holes inside active galactic nucleus discs, or for massive black holes growing through super-Eddington accretion in early Universe.
Baryon acoustic oscillations signature in the three-point angular correlation function from the SDSS-DR12 quasar survey
Authors: de Carvalho E , Bernui A , Xavier H S , Novaes C P 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe clustering properties of the Universe at large scales are currently being probed at various redshifts through several cosmological tracers and with diverse statistical estimators. Here we use the three-point angular correlation function (3PACF) to probe the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) features in the quasars catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, with mean redshift $\overline{z} = 2.225$, detecting the BAO imprint with a statistical significance of $2.9 \sigma$, obtained using lognormal mocks. Following a quasi-model-independent approach for the 3PACF, we find the BAO transversal signature for triangles with sides θ1 = $1{^{\circ}_{.}}0$ and θ2 = $1{^{\circ}_{.}}5$ and the angle between them of α = 1.59 ± 0.17 rad, a value that corresponds to the angular BAO scale $\theta_{\rm BAO}=1{^{\circ}_{.}}82 \pm 0{^{\circ}_{.}}21$, in excellent agreement with the value found in a recent work ($\theta_{\rm BAO}=1{^{\circ}_{.}}77 \pm 0{^{\circ}_{.}}31$) applying the two-point angular correlation function (2PACF) to similar data. Moreover, we performed two types of test: one to confirm the robustness of the BAO signal in the 3PACF through random displacements in the data set, and the other to verify the suitability of our random samples, a null test that in fact does not show any signature that could bias our results.
Type Ic supernova of a 22 M⊙ progenitor
Authors: Teffs Jacob , Ertl Thomas , Mazzali Paolo , Hachinger Stephan , Janka Thomas 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) are a sub-class of core-collapse SNe that exhibit no helium or hydrogen lines in their spectra. Their progenitors are thought to be bare carbon–oxygen cores formed during the evolution of massive stars that are stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes sometime before collapse. SNe Ic present a range of luminosities and spectral properties, from luminous GRB-SNe with broad-lined spectra to less luminous events with narrow-line spectra. Modelling SNe Ic reveals a wide range of both kinetic energies, ejecta masses, and 56Ni masses. To explore this diversity and how it comes about, light curves and spectra are computed from the ejecta following the explosion of an initially 22 M⊙ progenitor that was artificially stripped of its hydrogen and helium shells, producing a bare CO core of ∼5 M⊙, resulting in an ejected mass of ∼4 M⊙, which is an average value for SNe Ic. Four different explosion energies are used that cover a range of observed SNe. Finally, 56Ni and other elements are artificially mixed in the ejecta using two approximations to determine how element distribution affects light curves and spectra. The combination of different explosion energy and degree of mixing produces spectra that roughly replicate the distribution of near-peak spectroscopic features of SNe Ic. High explosion energies combined with extensive mixing can produce red, broad-lined spectra, while minimal mixing and a lower explosion energy produce bluer, narrow-lined spectra.
Deep learning dark matter map reconstructions from DES SV weak lensing data
Authors: Jeffrey Niall , Lanusse François , Lahav Ofer , Starck Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe present the first reconstruction of dark matter maps from weak lensing observational data using deep learning. We train a convolution neural network with a U-Net-based architecture on over 3.6 × 105 simulated data realizations with non-Gaussian shape noise and with cosmological parameters varying over a broad prior distribution. We interpret our newly created dark energy survey science verification (DES SV) map as an approximation of the posterior mean P(κ|γ) of the convergence given observed shear. Our DeepMass1 method is substantially more accurate than existing mass-mapping methods. With a validation set of 8000 simulated DES SV data realizations, compared to Wiener filtering with a fixed power spectrum, the DeepMass method improved the mean square error (MSE) by 11 per cent. With N-body simulated MICE mock data, we show that Wiener filtering, with the optimal known power spectrum, still gives a worse MSE than our generalized method with no input cosmological parameters; we show that the improvement is driven by the non-linear structures in the convergence. With higher galaxy density in future weak lensing data unveiling more non-linear scales, it is likely that deep learning will be a leading approach for mass mapping with Euclid and LSST.
BAL and non-BAL quasars: continuum, emission, and absorption properties establish a common parent sample
Authors: Rankine Amy L , Hewett Paul C , Banerji Manda , Richards Gordon T 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Using a sample of ≃144 000 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14, we investigate the outflow properties, evident in both absorption and emission, of high-ionization broad absorption line (BAL) and non-BAL quasars with redshifts 1.6 ≲ $z$ ≤ 3.5 and luminosities 45.3 erg s−1 &lt; log10(Lbol) &lt; 48.2 erg s−1. Key to the investigation is a continuum and emission-line reconstruction scheme, based on mean-field independent component analysis, that allows the kinematic properties of the C iv λ1550 emission line to be compared directly for both non-BAL and BAL quasars. C iv emission blueshift and equivalent width (EW) measurements are thus available for both populations. Comparisons of the emission-line and BAL trough properties reveal strong systematic correlations between the emission and absorption properties. The dependence of quantitative outflow indicators on physical properties such as quasar luminosity and luminosity relative to Eddington luminosity is also shown to be essentially identical for the BAL and non-BAL populations. There is an absence of BALs in quasars with the hardest spectral energy distributions (SEDs), revealed by the presence of strong He ii λ1640 emission, large C iv λ1550 emission EW, and no measurable blueshift. In the remainder of the C iv emission blueshift versus EW space, BAL and non-BAL quasars are present at all locations; for every BAL quasar, it is possible to identify non-BAL quasars with the same emission-line outflow properties and SED hardness. The co-location of BAL and non-BAL quasars as a function of emission-line outflow and physical properties is the key result of our investigation, demonstrating that (high-ionization) BALs and non-BALs represent different views of the same underlying quasar population.
Quasi-periodic behaviour in the optical and γ-ray light curves of blazars 3C 66A and B2 1633+38
Authors: Otero-Santos J , Acosta-Pulido J A , Becerra González J , Raiteri C M , Larionov V M , Peñil P , Smith P S , Ballester Niebla C , Borman G A , Carnerero M I , Castro Segura N , Grishina T S , Kopatskaya E N , Larionova E G , Morozova D A , Nikiforova A A , Savchenko S S , Troitskaya Yu V , Troitsky I S , Vasilyev A A , Villata M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on quasi-periodic variability found in two blazars included in the Steward Observatory Blazar Monitoring data sample: the BL Lac object 3C 66A and the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar B2 1633+38. We collect optical photometric and polarimetric data in V and R bands of these sources from different observatories: St. Petersburg University, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, WEBT–GASP, Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, Steward Observatory, STELLA Robotic Observatory, and Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope. In addition, an analysis of the γ-ray light curves from Fermi–LAT is included. Three methods are used to search for any periodic behaviour in the data: the Z-transform Discrete Correlation Function, the Lomb–Scargle periodogram and the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform. We find pieces of evidence of possible quasi-periodic variability in the optical photometric data of both sources with periods of ∼3 yr for 3C 66A and ∼1.9 yr for B2 1633+38, with significances between 3σ and 5σ. Only B2 1633+38 shows evidence of this behaviour in the optical polarized data set at a confidence level of 2σ–4σ. This is the first reported evidence of quasi-periodic behaviour in the optical light curve of B2 1633+38. Also, a hint of quasi-periodic behaviour is found in the γ-ray light curve of B2 1633+38 with a confidence level ≥2σ, while no periodicity is observed for 3C 66A in this energy range. We propose different jet emission models that could explain the quasi-periodic variability and the differences found between these two sources.