bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction and evolution of B cell epitopes of surface protein in SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lon Jerome Rumdon , Bai Yunmeng , Zhong Bingxu , Cai Fuqiang , Du Hongli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In order to obtain antibodies that recognize natural proteins, it is possible to predict the antigenic determinants of natural proteins, which are eventually embodied as polypeptides. The polypeptides can be coupled with corresponding vectors to stimulate the immune system to produce corresponding antibodies, which is also a simple and effective vaccine development method. The discovery of epitopes is helpful to the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Methods
The analyses were related to epitopes on 3 proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins, which are located on the lipid envelope of the SARS-CoV-2. Based on the NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_045512.2, the conformational and linear B cell epitopes of the surface protein were predicted separately by various prediction methods. Furthermore, the conservation of the epitopes, the adaptability and other evolutionary characteristics were also analyzed, the sequences of the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from the GISAID.

Results
7 epitopes were predicted, including 6 linear epitopes and 1 conformational epitope. One of the linear and one of the conformational consist of identical sequence, but represent different forms of epitopes. It is worth mentioning that all 6 identified epitopes were conserved in nearly 3500 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, showing that it is helpful to obtain stable and long-acting epitopes under the condition of high frequency of amino acid mutation, which deserved further study at the experiment level.

Conclusion
The findings would facilitate the vaccine development, had the potential to be directly applied on the prevention in this disease, but also have the potential to prevent the possible threats caused by other types of coronavirus.
Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens
Authors: Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Hajkhodadadi Iman , Hafizi Maryam , Taherpour Kamran , Nazaran Mohammad Hassan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components.

Methods
This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100% of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively).

Results
Diets CTM50 and CTM100 increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and tibia length compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and serum malondialdehyde level and highest EPI, tibia ash, zinc, manganese, and copper contents, and serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus and zinc were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM25 and CTM50 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets, except diet CTM25, exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than those fed the NTM diet, where the best glutathione peroxidase activity was found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, bone mineralization, and antioxidant status, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve performance index and glutathione peroxidase activity of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.
Effect of the presence of the articular cartilage on the femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty in female and varus osteoarthritis knees
Authors: Nam Ji-Hoon , Koh Yong-Gon , Kim Paul Shinil , Park Joon-Hee , Kang Kyoung-Tak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeSurgical techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) require femoral rotational corrections that alter the position of the surface of the posterior femoral joint especially in kinematic alignment. However, preoperative planning of TKA based on computed tomography (CT), without knowing the femoral cartilage thickness, may cause post-surgery failures in femoral rotation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of posterior condyle cartilage thickness on rotational alignment in the femoral component.MethodsThree-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained for 139 male and 531 female osteoarthritis patients. The angles defined by the femoral posterior condylar axis (PCA) and the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) were evaluated with respect to the presence of cartilage. Additionally, these effects were evaluated with respect to patient gender and varus/valgus condition.ResultsIn all patients, the angle between the TEA and PCA was significantly greater in the presence of cartilage than in the absence of cartilage. This result was also seen in female patients. However, there was no difference in the TEA/PCA angle in male patients based on the presence of cartilage. The TEA/PCA angle was significantly greater in the presence of cartilage than in the absence of cartilage in the female varus group. However, there were no differences in the TEA/PCA angle based on the presence of cartilage in the male varus/valgus and female valgus groups. Cartilage thickness in the posterior femoral condyle was significantly greater on the lateral side than on the medial side in all and male patients. However, there was no difference between the genders regarding cartilage thickness.ConclusionSurgical planning for TKA based on CT does not consider articular cartilage and could lead to external malrotation of the femoral implant. Therefore, the effect of the remaining posterior condylar cartilage should be considered by surgeons to prevent over-rotation of the femoral component, especially in female varus knees.
Association of microRNA-224-3p and microRNA-155-5p expressions with plasma long pentraxin 3 concentration and coronary microvascular obstruction following primary angioplasty for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Dharma Surya , Dakota Iwan , Wijaya Shoma , Ekawati Elok , Sukmawan Renan , Siswanto Bambang Budi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pro-inflammatory stimuli induce a variety set of microRNAs (miRs) expression that regulate long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) protein, which associates with a procoagulant state in the endothelial cells. We evaluated, for the first time in human, the association of miR-224-3p and miR-155-5p expressions with plasma PTX3 concentration and coronary microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with symptom onset ≤ 12 h and treated by primary angioplasty. Blood samples for miRs and PTX3 measurement were drawn at emergency department presentation, and were measured by TaqMan real-time PCR and human ELISA kit, respectively.

Results
Of the 217 patients (median age: 54 years, male: 88%), 130 (60%) had angiographic MVO. Spearman analysis showed no correlation between miR-224-3p and miR-155-5p expressions with plasma PTX3 concentration. After adjustment with sex, age, diabetes mellitus, and plasma PTX3 concentration, miR-224-3p ≥ median group was associated with angiographic MVO (odds ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 5.44, p = 0.01). This study suggests that miR-224-3p and miR-155-5p expressions did not correlate with plasma PTX3 concentration. However, miR-224-3p expression associates with angiographic MVO following primary angioplasty for STEMI. Future studies are needed to identify the specific gene/protein related with miR-224-3p expression in MVO.
Metabolic network as an objective biomarker in monitoring deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Wang Min , Lin Wei , Wu Ping , Guan Yihui , Zhang Huiwei , Huang Zhemin , Yang Likun , Zuo Chuantao , Jiang Jiehui , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuangyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
With the advance of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is desired to identify objective criteria for the monitoring of the therapy outcome.
This paper explores the feasibility of metabolic network derived from positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in monitoring the STN DBS treatment for PD.

Methods
Age-matched 33 PD patients, 33 healthy controls (HCs), 9 PD patients with bilateral DBS surgery and 9 controls underwent 18F-FDG PET scans. The DBS patients were followed longitudinally to investigate the alternations of the PD-related metabolic covariance pattern (PDRP) expressions.

Results
The PDRP expression was abnormally elevated in PD patients compared with HCs (P < 0.001). For DBS patients, a significant decrease in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS, P = 0.001) and PDRP expression (P = 0.004) was observed 3 months after STN DBS treatment, while a rollback was observed in both UPDRS and PDRP expressions (both P < 0.01) 12 months after treatment. The changes in PDRP expression mediated by STN DBS were generally in line with UPDRS improvement. The graphical network analysis shows increased connections at 3 months and a return at 12 months confirmed by small-worldness coefficient.

Conclusions
The preliminary results demonstrate the potential of metabolic network expression as complimentary objective biomarker for the assessment and monitoring of STN DBS treatment in PD patients.
Clinical Trial Registration ChiCTR-DOC-16008645. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13865.
Fractional calculus and integral transforms of the product of a general class of polynomial and incomplete Fox–Wright functions
Authors: Jangid K. , Parmar R. K. , Agarwal R. , Purohit Sunil D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotivated by a recent study on certain families of the incompleteH-functions (Srivastava et al. in Russ. J. Math. Phys. 25(1):116–138, 2018), we aim to investigate and develop several interesting properties related to product of a more general polynomial class together with incomplete Fox–Wright hypergeometric functions${}_{p}\Psi _{q}^{(\gamma )}(\mathfrak{t})$Ψq(γ)p(t)and${}_{p}\Psi _{q}^{(\Gamma )}(\mathfrak{t})$Ψq(Γ)p(t)including Marichev–Saigo–Maeda (M–S–M) fractional integral and differential operators, which contain Saigo hypergeometric, Riemann–Liouville, and Erdélyi–Kober fractional operators as particular cases regarding different parameter selection. Furthermore, we derive several integral transforms such as Jacobi, Gegenbauer (or ultraspherical), Legendre, Laplace, Mellin, Hankel, and Euler’s beta transforms.
Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Danquah Frederick Inkum , Ansu-Mensah Monica , Bawontuo Vitalis , Yeboah Matilda , Kuupiel Desmond 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NDC), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, poses a significant threat to global health. Obesity and overweight constitute major risk factors of NCDs such as heart diseases, diabetes, and kidney disease, and as a result, contribute significantly to the development of chronic morbidities, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of premature death. This study described evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight and obesity in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA).

Methods
We conducted a systematic scoping review employing the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. To obtain relevant published articles for this review, we performed a comprehensive keywords search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost platform for studies published between 2009 and June 2019. Guided by the eligibility criteria, title and abstracts, as well as the full-text articles were independently screened in parallel by two investigators. All relevant data were independently extracted by two investigators using a piloted form designed in Microsoft and thematic analysis conducted.

Results
Of the 81 included studies obtained from 250,148 potentially eligible articles, the majority (25) conducted in South Africa followed by 18 in Nigeria. Six studies were conducted in Ethiopia (6), Tanzania (5), Kenya (4), Cameroon (4), Ghana (3), Uganda (2), Mozambique (2), and Sudan (2). One study each was conducted in Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, Togo, and Zimbabwe. The remaining three articles were multi-country studies. Most (81.5%) of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys and the majority (79) focused on both male and female participants. The majority (80/81) of the included studies reported on the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, 8 on the trends of childhood overweight/obesity, and one presented evidence on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity in SSA.

Conclusion
This review demonstrates limited studies on childhood overweight/obesity in most SSA countries although the included studies suggest an increasing burden. Considering the consequences of childhood obesity, there is a need for more primary researches to inform policies decision and implementation to halt the rise of childhood obesity/overweight in SSA.
The Kalmag model as a candidate for IGRF-13
Authors: Baerenzung Julien , Holschneider Matthias , Wicht Johannes , Lesur Vincent , Sanchez Sabrina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a new model of the geomagnetic field spanning the last 20 years and called Kalmag. Deriving from the assimilation of CHAMP and Swarm vector field measurements, it separates the different contributions to the observable field through parameterized prior covariance matrices. To make the inverse problem numerically feasible, it has been sequentialized in time through the combination of a Kalman filter and a smoothing algorithm. The model provides reliable estimates of past, present and future mean fields and associated uncertainties. The version presented here is an update of our IGRF candidates; the amount of assimilated data has been doubled and the considered time window has been extended from [2000.5, 2019.74] to [2000.5, 2020.33].
Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitor Ivosidenib in Combination With Azacitidine for Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Stein Anthony S. , Stein Eytan M. , Fathi Amir T. , Frankfurt Olga , Schuh Andre C. , Döhner Hartmut , Martinelli Giovanni , Patel Prapti A. , Raffoux Emmanuel , Tan Peter , Zeidan Amer M. , de Botton Stéphane , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Stone Richard M. , Frattini Mark G. , Lersch Frederik , Gong Jing , Gianolio Diego A. , Zhang Vickie , Franovic Aleksandra , Fan Bin , Goldwasser Meredith , Daigle Scott , Choe Sung , Wu Bin , Winkler Thomas , Vyas Paresh 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Ivosidenib is an oral inhibitor of the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) enzyme, approved for treatment of IDH1-mutant (m IDH1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Preclinical work suggested that addition of azacitidine to ivosidenib enhances mIDH1 inhibition–related differentiation and apoptosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an open-label, multicenter, phase Ib trial comprising dose-finding and expansion stages to evaluate safety and efficacy of combining oral ivosidenib 500 mg once daily continuously with subcutaneous azacitidine 75 mg/m2 on days 1-7 in 28-day cycles in patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1 AML ineligible for intensive induction chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02677922 ). RESULTS Twenty-three patients received ivosidenib plus azacitidine (median age, 76 years; range, 61-88 years). Treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurring in > 10% of patients were neutropenia (22%), anemia (13%), thrombocytopenia (13%), and electrocardiogram QT prolongation (13%). Adverse events of special interest included all-grade IDH differentiation syndrome (17%), all-grade electrocardiogram QT prolongation (26%), and grade ≥ 3 leukocytosis (9%). Median treatment duration was 15.1 months (range, 0.3-32.2 months); 10 patients remained on treatment as of February 19, 2019. The overall response rate was 78.3% (18/23 patients; 95% CI, 56.3% to 92.5%), and the complete remission rate was 60.9% (14/23 patients; 95% CI, 38.5% to 80.3%). With median follow-up of 16 months, median duration of response in responders had not been reached. The 12-month survival estimate was 82.0% (95% CI, 58.8% to 92.8%). m IDH1 clearance in bone marrow mononuclear cells by BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, magnetics) digital polymerase chain reaction was seen in 10/14 patients (71.4%) achieving complete remission. CONCLUSION Ivosidenib plus azacitidine was well tolerated, with an expected safety profile consistent with monotherapy with each agent. Responses were deep and durable, with most complete responders achieving m IDH1 mutation clearance.
B7H3-Directed Intraperitoneal Radioimmunotherapy With Radioiodinated Omburtamab for Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor and Other Peritoneal Tumors: Results of a Phase I Study
Authors: Modak Shakeel , Zanzonico Pat , Grkovski Milan , Slotkin Emily K. , Carrasquillo Jorge A. , Lyashchenko Serge K. , Lewis Jason S. , Cheung Irene Y. , Heaton Todd , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Pandit-Taskar Neeta 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a rare sarcoma of adolescents/young adults primarily involving the peritoneum, has a long-term survival of < 20% despite aggressive multimodality treatment. B7H3 is expressed on DSRCT cell surface, providing a target for antibody-based immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase I study, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of intraperitoneal (IP) radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with the anti-B7H3 murine monoclonal antibody 131I-omburtamab in patients with DSRCT or other B7H3-expressing tumors involving the peritoneum. After thyroid blockade, patients received 131I-omburtamab as a single IP injection at escalated activities from 1.11 to 3.33/GBq/m2. A prior tracer dose of IP 74 MBq124I-omburtamab was used for radioimmuno–positron emission tomography imaging. Each injection was followed by IP saline infusion. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (48, three, and one with DSRCT, peritoneal rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, respectively) received IP 131I-omburtamab administered on an outpatient basis. Maximum tolerated dose was not reached; there were no dose-limiting toxicities. Major related adverse events were transient: grade 4 neutropenia (n = 2 patients) and thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and grade 1 (10%) and grade 2 (52%) pain lasting < 2 hours related to saline infusion. Hypothyroidism was not observed, and antidrug antibody was elicited in 5%. Mean (± SD) projected peritoneal residence time was 22.4 ± 7.9 hours. Mean projected absorbed doses for 131I-omburtamab based on 124I-omburtamab dosimetry to normal organs were low and well within tolerable limits. More than 80% 131I remained protein bound in blood 66 hours after RIT. On the basis of peritoneal dose and feasibility for outpatient administration, the recommended phase II activity was established at 2.96 GBq/m2. Patients with DSRCT receiving standard whole-abdominal radiotherapy after RIT did not experience unexpected toxicity. CONCLUSION IP RIT 131I-omburtamab was well tolerated with minimal toxicities. Radiation exposure to normal organs was low, making combination therapy with other anticancer therapies feasible.
Adrenally Directed Medical Therapies for Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Tritos Nicholas A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) is characterized by excess cortisol secretion, which is driven by tumorous secretion of corticotropin in the majority of patients. Untreated, CS results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Tumor-directed surgery is generally the first-line therapy for CS. However, hypercortisolism may persist or recur postoperatively; in other cases, the underlying tumor may not be resectable or its location may not be known. Yet other patients may be acutely ill and require stabilization before definitive surgery. In all these cases, additional interventions are needed, including adrenally directed medical therapies.

Evidence Acquisition
Electronic literature searches were performed to identify studies pertaining to adrenally acting agents used for CS. Data were abstracted and used to compile this review article.

Evidence Synthesis
Adrenally directed medical therapies inhibit one or several enzymes involved in adrenal steroidogenesis. Several adrenally acting medical therapies for CS are currently available, including ketoconazole, metyrapone, osilodrostat, mitotane, and etomidate. Additional agents are under investigation. Drugs differ with regards to details of their mechanism of action, time course of pharmacologic effect, safety and tolerability, potential for drug-drug interactions, and route of administration. All agents require careful dose titration and patient monitoring to ensure safety and effectiveness, while avoiding hypoadrenalism.

Conclusions
These medications have an important role in the management of CS, particularly among patients with persistent or recurrent hypercortisolism postoperatively or those who cannot undergo tumor-directed surgery. Use of these drugs mandates adequate patient instruction and close monitoring to ensure treatment goals are being met while untoward adverse effects are minimized.