bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Develop&nbsp;Pulmonary Tuberculosis&nbsp;and Predictors&nbsp;Among HIV Infected Children Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy&nbsp;in&nbsp;Assosa and&nbsp;Pawe General Hospitals, North West Ethiopia 2020
Authors: bizuneh Fassikaw kebede , Boneya Dube Jara , Dessie Abebe Abate 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence is a serious co-infection and an emerging global concern for children living with human immune deficiency virus (HIV). However, the incidence of PTB among adult HIV patients is exhaustively studied; the incidence of PTB among children on ART is overlooked. This research provides invaluable time based relevant actionsclues.Objective:- Hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 359 HIV infected children those registered on ART since 2009-2018. Time to develop PTB defined as the time from enrollment for ART care until the development of PTB. The proportional hazard assumption was checked for each variable and no variable was found with Schoenfeld test <0.05. Variables with P-value <0.25 at bivariate Cox regression analysis were entered into the multivariable Cox model. Multivariable Cox regression model with 95%CI and AHR used to identify significant predictor. Result:-Totally 359 HIV infected children followed and produced 686.5 Person per Years of observation (PYOs) with minimum and maximum follow up time on ART was 0.34 & 5.1 years, respectively. The median age of the children was 9 (SD±3.78) years. The overall incidence density of PTB was 7.2 Person/100years in 95%CI (5.52--- 9.24).Notably being age group >= 11 years (AHR=5.1 95% CI 1.4--18.), who stage 3&4 (AHR= 3.4 times increase the risks of PTB developed was compared WHO clinical stage 1& 2 (AHR=3.4 95%CI: 1.2-9.7). Being sever underweight (AHR=3.2 95%CI: 1.3--7.8), not started INHAHR =2.8, 95%CI: 1.1 -7.2) and having previous opportunistic infections (AHR= 2.34 95%CI: 1.3--4.1) significantly associated with PTB incidence. Conclusion:-The incidence of PTB in HIV infected children were found higher as compared with evidence from previous findings. Strengthening intensified screening of INH and therapeutic feeding needs for risk children highly recommended.
Surgical Stabilization of Clavicle Fractures Reduces Organ Failure Rates in Multiply-injured Patients with Thoracic Trauma: An Analysis Based on the TraumaRegister DGU®.
Authors: Eberbach Helge , Lefering Rolf , Hager Sven , Schumm Klaus , Bode Lisa , Jaeger Martin , Maier Dirk , Kalbhenn Johannes , Hammer Thorsten , Schmal Hagen , Bayer Jörg 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Thoracic trauma has decisive influence on the outcome of multiply-injured patients and is often associated with clavicle fractures. The affected patients are prone to lung dysfunction and multiple organ failure. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of surgical stabilization of clavicle fractures in patients with thoracic trauma on specific outcome parameters. Methods: A multi-center, retrospective analysis of patient records documented in the TraumaRegister DGU® between 2009 and 2015 was performed. The inclusion criteria were multiply-injured patients with thoracic trauma and associated clavicle fracture, maximum AIS severity ≥ 3 and admission to the intensive care unit. The influence of operative vs. non-operative clavicular fracture treatment and timing of surgery on lung failure, multiple organ failure, sepsis, length of ICU stay, intubation time and length of hospital stay was assessed by regression analysis. Results: A total of 3,209 patients were included in the analysis. In 1,362 patients (42%) the clavicle fracture was treated operatively after 7.1 ± 5.3 days. Surgically treated patients had a significant reduction in lung failure (p = 0.013, OR = 0.74), multiple organ failure (p = 0.001, OR = 0.64), intubation time (p = 0.004; -1.81 days) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.014; -1.51 days) compared to non-operative treatment. Moreover, surgical fixation of the clavicle within five days following hospital admission significantly reduced the rates of lung failure (p = 0.01, OR = 0.62), multiple organ failure (p = 0.01, OR = 0.59) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.01; -2.1 days). Conclusions: Based on our results, multiply-injured patients with thoracic trauma and concomitant clavicle fracture seem to benefit significantly from surgical stabilization of a clavicle fracture, especially when surgery is performed within the first five days after hospital admission.
Successful Management of Rhabdomyolysis with Acute Infection Resulting from Chronic Sacrococcygeal Pressure Ulcers in a Paraplegic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhu Yansheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening syndrome, is caused by the breakdown of skeletal muscle cells and leakage of intramyocellular contents into the bloodstream. The treatment of cases with rhabdomyolysis resulting from chronic sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers have been rarely reported.Case presentation: A 62-year-old man suffered from high fever and dark-colored urine. For the past 30 years, the patient has lived with paraplegia, which led to his immobility. According to his physical examination, the wound on his sacrococcygeal region was dehisced and exuded repeatedly with loss of skin sensation. Upon corroboration of a physical examination and laboratory tests, the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis with an acute infection resulting from sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers. We first debrided the necrotic tissue, and then the chronic ulcer was repaired. The wound dressing was changed frequently, and antimicrobial therapy and nutritional support were included in the treatment. The fever and dark-colored urine were gradually relieved post-operatively. Renal function was also improved according to the typical indicators in laboratory tests. Additionally, the size of the pressure ulcers was reduced, to some extent. The patient was discharged after one month of hospitalization.Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis is critical for clinicians to administer precise treatment to paraplegic patients with progressive rhabdomyolysis.
Influence of Television Food Advertisements Related Purchasing Behaviours on Dietary Intake and Obesity Among Children in China
Authors: Xian Jinli , Zeng Mao , Cai Zhengjie , Xie Changxiao , Xie Yuqian , Sharma Manoj , Zhao Yong , Shi Zumin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine the effects of Television (TV) food advertisements (ads) related purchasing behaviours on children’s dietary intake, overweight and obesity in China. Methods: Data from 1,417 children (aged 6–17.99 years) in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analysed. TV food ads related purchasing behaviours were assessed through the frequency of children’s requests to purchase advertised foods and the frequency of parents’ purchases of these advertised foods, as well as the frequency of children’s purchases of advertised foods. The height and weight of children were measured. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associations between TV food ads related purchasing behaviours and overweight/obesity of children.Results: TV food ads related purchasing behaviours were positively associated with children’s dietary intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, TV food ads related purchasing behaviours were positively associated with children’s overweight/obesity: OR (95% CI) for overweight/obesity were: 1.46 (1.01–2.11) for children purchasing advertised foods, 1.59 (1.15–2.18) for parents purchasing advertised foods for their children and 1.39 (0.99–1.95) for children requesting advertised foods.Conclusions: TV food ads related purchasing behaviours are associated with children’s dietary intake. Moreover, TV food ads related purchasing behaviours can increase the risk of overweight and obesity of children. Regulations on TV food ads should be considered in China.
Establishment of a New Orthotopic Perirenal-Space-Grafted Mouse Model of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Authors: Xie Fu'an , Qin Dongmei , Lian Lanlan , Li Ming , Kong Xu , Xia Xiaogang , Huang Liyong , Chen Jun , Yu Chundong , Luo Chenghua , Li Wengang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Retroperitoneal sarcoma is a group of tumour originating from mesenchymal tissue in the retroperitoneal space. Although its incidence is lower than other tumours, retroperitoneal sarcoma has attracted increasing attention due to their high degree of malignancy, high recurrence rate and younger tendency. At present, the available treatments for retroperitoneal sarcoma are limited due to a lack of basic research and appropriate animal models. Results: In this study, two human sarcoma cell lines (dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell line SW872 and fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080) were selected to establish an orthotopic xenotransplantation retroperitoneal sarcoma mouse model. To achieve this, sarcoma cells labelled with GFP-Luc-Puro tag were inoculated into the perirenal space of nude mice. We evaluated the model by live imaging, histopathology and transcriptome analysis. Doxorubicin and Cisplatin were used to test the response of this model to chemotherapy drugs. The abdominal bulge of mice was obvious after 15 days for HT1080 and 30 days for SW872. Obvious chemical signals could be detected by an imaging system (IVIS Lumina Ⅱ), and a solid tumour was visible in the abdominal cavity of live mice by MRI in vivo. Solid tumours inoculated in the perirenal space were significantly larger than subcutaneous tumours. Moreover, solid tumours treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin were significantly smaller than those treated with PBS. Through transcriptome analysis, we found serval signal pathway associated with tumorigenesis including TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, a significant increase in copy number of MDM2 and a significant reduction in TP53, consistent with a shift in the MDM2/TP53 axis, with the most decisive genomic event contributing to liposarcoma development.Conclusions: In summary, we successfully established an orthotopic xenotransplantation model of retroperitoneal sarcoma, which can be used to study the initiation and development of retroperitoneal sarcoma, drug screening, diagnostic methods and new surgical procedures.
Online, face to face and hybrid meetings. What is the new normal in the COVID-19 era? A global collaborative survey by iTRUE group and UroSoMe working group
Authors: Castellani Daniele , Hameed BM Zeeshan , Tanidir Yiloren , Naik Nithesh , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Shah Milap , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer , Kunjibettu Afrah Budnar , Ibrahim Sufyan , Silva Rodrigo Donalisio da , Rai Bhavan , Rosette J.J.M.C.H. de la , TP Rajeev , Gauhar Vineet , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a significant increase in online webinars, which were universally available and advertised via Social Media, eliminating geographic restrictions thereby achieving a broader audience.Objective: The primary outcome of our survey was to see how virtual meetings would fare vis a vis face-to-face meeting, and if there would any future role of a “hybrid" meeting concept. The secondary outcome was to find out the best webinar/ virtual meeting settings.Design, setting, and participants: An online global survey was done between 6th June, 2020 to 5th July 2020 via https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/K26B5RQ. Using Delphi method, the survey questions were designed regarding webinars, face to face meetings and hybrid meetings, and circulated.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Categorical data were presented with counts and percentages, and comparison was done using Chi-square test and answers to Likert-like scale questions using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results and limitations: A total of N=526 urologists from 56 countries responded to the survey, of which N=386(73.38%) completed the questionnaire. The overall experience of participants was better in the face-to-face meeting followed by a hybrid meeting and webinar. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the preference for the type of conference was that of a hybrid meeting N=199(51%) than the webinar N=95(25%), using Zoom platform N= 283(73%) on laptop/desktop as the device of choice N=267(69%) and believed that a 1-hour webinar N=196(51%) was ideal at evening time N=277(72%) with 3-5 speakers N=242(62%) for each meeting. Although urology residents rated face-to-face meetings to have better cost-effectiveness when compared to consultants.Conclusions: The current pandemic has shown a trend towards online webinars; however, they are not a substitution to face-to-face meetings. Our survey shows an increased preference towards a hybrid meeting in the coming future which would be ideal for global participation, adding value to money and time.
Digital Identification and Reconstruction of Degraded Regions in the Ancient Temple Murals Using Exemplar Based Region Filling Algorithm
Authors: V Rakhimol , Maheswari Uma 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A mural is any piece of artwork sculpted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling, or other permanent surfaces. This artwork symbolizes various cultures, traditions, historical events, spiritual stories, and civilizations of respective societies of ancient times. But these mural paintings are subjected to degradation either by various natural causes as well as pollution or by human beings without knowing its value. Hence, there is a need to develop a digitized model using advanced image processing techniques to reconstruct them for portraying the ancient heritage and wisdom hidden in the temple mural paintings to public and foreign visitors and transferring the knowledge to the young generations. This Work uses an exemplar-based region filling algorithm for the reconstruction of ancient deteriorated temple murals. Most of the existing inpainting algorithms use pixel-based reconstruction criteria, this type of technique does not work well for images with large degraded portions. So the proposed exemplar-based region filling algorithm uses a patch-based reconstruction procedure and masked images are created automatically using an averaging pixel algorithm. The deteriorated portions are identified by creating masks, masks are created in such a way that degraded portions have a pixel intensity value of one and the remaining part has a value of zero, and filling is done by analyzing the surrounding pixel values of the degraded pixel. The proposed work reconstructs both the structure and texture information and ensures an efficient reconstructed result compared to existing inpainting techniques. The system performance is evaluated by metrics such as Mean Square Error, Peak Signal To Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index(SSIM).
Role of Chemoradiation (CRT) in the Adjuvant Treatment of Radically Resected Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Patients: A Mono-Institutional Retrospective Analysis.
Authors: Mattiucci Gian Carlo , Salvatore Lisa , D'Aviero Andrea , Bagalà Cinzia , Bensi Maria , Castronovo Francesco Mosè , Cellini Francesco , Franco Paola De , Stefano Brunella Di , Macchia Gabriella , Masiello Valeria , Menghi Roberta , Quero Giuseppe , Reina Sara , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Alfieri Sergio , Tortora Giampaolo , Valentini Vincenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) represents an unfavorable prognosis disease, even in patients with resectable disease. The aim of this series was to investigate the role of treatment intensification with adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in radically resected PC patients. MethodsData from PC patients undergone radical surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and CRT throughout a 20-year period were retrospectively collected. Actuarial local control (LC) and the overall survival (OS) were the primary endpoints, while secondary end-points were the disease-free-survival (DFS) and metastases-free-survival (MFS). ResultsThe analysis included 108 PC patients treated with adjuvant CRT and CT from January 2000 to August 2019. Median age was 66 years (range: 40-83), all patients underwent radical surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy (88, 81,5%) plus concomitant chemoradiation (101, 93,5%) or radiotherapy alone (7, 6,5%). The median dose delivered on tumor bed was 50,4 Gy (range: 45-50,6 Gy), while median dose on regional lymphatic drainage stations was 39,6 Gy (range 39,6-45 Gy. Concomitant CT was gemcitabine-based regimen in the vast majority of patients (87, 80.6%). Median follow-up time was 21 months; the 2- and 5-years LC rate were 75,8% and 59,1%, respectively. Perineural invasion (PNI) at pathological assessment was found significantly associated to LC (p=0.028). Median OS was 40 months with 2- and 5-years OS rate of 73.9% and 41,6 % respectively.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this series strongly suggest that the impact of adjuvant CRT should be deeply investigated in PC patients. Timing, combination of modern CRT with new systemic therapies need to be further investigated to personalize therapy and optimize clinical advantages.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Impairs Erythropoiesis via Inducing Klotho Expression and not via Bioenergetic Reprogramming
Authors: Tsai Chang-Yi , Fang Te-Ping , Chen Shuoh-Wen , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Lin Eric Chang-Yi , Lin Ting-An , Tarng Der-Cherng , Chang Yuan-I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the phthalates most widely used to manufacture various plastic products. However, the potential effects of DEHP on erythropoiesis have not been investigated comprehensively. Here, we aimed to investigate whether DEHP modulate the function of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) to influence erythropoiesis, and to explore the associated mechanism.Results: In the present study, human cell lines with a capacity to differentiate into erythroid cells and murine bone marrow cells were treated with DEHP. DEHP not only impaired HSPC function but also suppressed erythroid differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DEHP removal restored HSPC activity. To explore how DEHP interferes with erythroid differentiation, we focused on energy metabolism and Klotho expression. DEHP suppressed erythroid differentiation via upregulation of Klotho expression in erythroblasts and not via cellular bioenergetic modulation.Conclusion: Here, we have demonstrated a novel pathophysiological role of DEHP in erythroid differentiation. DEHP impaired erythroid differentiation by inducing Klotho expression and not by reprogramming cellular bioenergetic profiles during differentiation.
Migration among Farmers in Delta State, Nigeria: Is it a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy?
Authors: Ofuoku Albert , Okompu Davina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: The study has the purpose of evaluating the nexus between climate change and migration of farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. The influence exerted by cognitive situations and climate – driven stress on farmers’ decisions to migrate and the socioeconomic attributes of migrating and non-migrating farm families are examined. The emphasis is the function of migration in accessing climate and agricultural extension services as well as the contribution made by migration to promote farmers’ climate change coping capacity.Methodology: Survey was articulated using farming households in three agricultural zones of Delta State, Nigeria. Perceptions of farmers about alterations in climate were examined with the use of mental map technique. Binary logistic regression model was applied to assess the function of socioeconomic attributes of farm families while descriptive statistics was employed in evaluating the adaptive capacities of the migrating farming households.Findings: Climate – driven livelihood variables form part of the main propellers of migration among farmers. Migration as well as the socioeconomic attributes are influenced by perception of farmers about climate change. These appears significant difference between migrating and non-migrating farm families with respect to utilization of information, technology and knowledge emanating from agricultural and climate extension services. The gains from remittances, knowledge and social networks from host communities or zones raises migrating farm families capacity to adapt to climate change.Theoretical Implications: This paper contributes to the progressively dynamic body of knowledge by pointing out migration as an alternative climate change adaptation strategy to promote agriculture food security in any part of the world.Originality/Value: Micro – evidence is offered by this study with respect to contribution made by migration to adaptive capacity of farmers and their ability to have access to agricultural and climate extension services. This will be useful in the analysis of climate – driven migration in other nations that are agricultural economies. Insight is also offered regarding policy needs for the scaling down of farmers’ vulnerability to climate change.
Locking Plate Fixation versus Hemiarthroplasty for Complex Proximal Humeral Fractures: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xugang , Qiu Xusheng , Qi Xiaoyang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare clinical efficacy and safety of locking plate fixation (LPF) and hemiarthroplasty (HAP) for surgical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures (PHFs).MethodsFive electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang database and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their start dates to July 2020 to identify all relevant studies. Our main endpoints were Constant–Murley score (efficacy), and method-related complications and revisions (safety). Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen retrospective trials and one randomized controlled trial involving a total of 936 patients (506 patients in the LPF group and 430 patients in the HAP group) were included in this analysis. The Constant–Murley score was significantly higher with LPF than with HAP [SMD=0.73, 95%CI: (0.23, 1.22)]. In subgroup analysis however, there was no significant difference in Constant-Murley score between LPF and HAP for four-part fractures [SMD=0.35, 95%CI (-0.07, 0.77)] or for subjects over 60 years of age [SMD=0.54, 95%CI: (-0.45, 1.52)]. Revision rate [OR=3.61, 95%CI (1.99, 6.56)] and postoperative complications [OR=1.80, 95%CI (1.24, 2.61)] were significantly lower with HAP than with LPF.ConclusionsIn general, for treatment of complex PHFs, LPF was superior to HAP in postoperative shoulder joint function assessed by the Constant–Murley score. However, there was no significant difference in efficacy for patients with four-part fractures or those older than 60 years of age. Since LPF was associated with significantly higher revision and postoperative complications rates, we suggest that HAP should be considered the preferred procedure for patients older than 60 years with four-part proximal humeral fractures.