bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances and applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in solid‐phase extraction for real sample analysis
Authors: Hu Tianliang , Chen Run , Wang Qiang , He Chiyang , Liu Shaorong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSample pretreatment is essential for the analysis of complicated real samples due to their complex matrices and low analyte concentrations. Among all sample pretreatment methods, solid‐phase extraction is arguably the most frequently used one. However, the majority of available solid‐phase extraction adsorbents suffer from limited selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymers are a type of tailor‐made artificial antibodies and receptors with specific recognition sites for target molecules. Using molecularly imprinted polymers instead of conventional adsorbents can greatly improve the selectivity of solid‐phase extraction, and therefore molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction has been widely applied to separation, clean up and/or preconcentration of target analytes in various kinds of real samples. In this article, after a brief introduction, the recent developments and applications of molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction for determination of different analytes in complicated real samples during the 2015‐2020 are reviewed systematically, including the solid‐phase extraction modes, molecularly imprinted adsorbent types and their preparations, and the practical applications of solid‐phase extraction to various real samples (environmental, food, biological, and pharmaceutical samples). Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction for real sample analysis are discussed.
The transient receptor potential A1 ion channel (TRPA1) modifies in vivo autonomous ureter peristalsis in rats
Authors: Weinhold Philipp , Villa Luca , Strittmatter Frank , Gratzke Christian , Stief Christian G. , Castiglione Fabio , Montorsi Francesco , Hedlund Petter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe current study aimed to explore the expression of transient receptor potential A1 ion channels (TRPA1) in the rat ureter and to assess if TRPA1‐active compounds modulate ureter function.MethodsThe expression of TRPA1 in rat ureter tissue was studied by immunofluorescence. The TRPA1 distribution was compared to calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), α‐actin (SMA1), anoctamin‐1 (ANO1), and c‐kit. For in vivo analyses, a catheter was implanted in the right ureter of 50 rats. Ureter peristalsis and pressures were continuously recorded by a data acquisition set‐up during intraluminal infusion of saline (baseline), saline plus protamine sulfate (PS; to disrupt the urothelium), saline plus PS with hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) or cinnamaldehyde (CA). Comparisons were made between rats treated systemically with vehicle or a TRPA1‐antagonist (HC030031).ResultsTRPA1‐immunoreactive nerves co‐expressed CGRP and were mainly located in the suburothelial region of the ureter. Immunoreactivity for TRPA1 was also encountered in c‐kit‐positive but ANO1‐negative cells of the ureter suburothelium and wall.In vivo, HC030031‐treated rats had elevated baseline peristaltic frequency (p < 0.05) and higher intraluminal pressures (p < 0.01). PS increased the frequency of ureter peristalsis versus baseline in vehicle‐treated rats (p < 0.001) but not in HC030031‐treated rats. CA (p < 0.001) and NaHS (p < 0.001) decreased ureter peristalsis. This was counteracted by HC030031 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn rats, TRPA1 is expressed on cellular structures considered of importance for peristaltic and mechanoafferent functions of the ureter. Functional data indicate that TRPA1‐mediated signals regulate ureter peristalsis. This effect was pronounced after mucosal disruption and suggests a role for TRPA1 in ureter pathologies involving urothelial damage.
Economic evaluation of elective cesarean versus vaginal delivery on cost of future pelvic floor disorders in the United States
Authors: Kuhlmann Paige K. , Patel Devin N. , Chen Andrew , Houman Justin , Weinberger James , Wood Thum Lauren N. , Anger Jennifer T. , Eilber Karyn S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo analyze the cost impact of cesarean versus vaginal delivery in the United States on the development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsWe compared average cost of delivery method to the lifetime risk and cost of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in women < 65 years. Costs of maternal care, obtained from the MarketScan® database, included those incurred at delivery and 3 months post‐partum. Future costs of PFDs included those incurred after delivery up to 65 years. Previously reported data on the prevalence of POP and SUI following cesarean and vaginal delivery was used to calculate attributable risk. An incremental cost of illness model was used to estimate costs for SUI. Direct surgical and ambulatory care costs were used to determine cost of POP.ResultsAverage estimated cost was $7089 for vaginal delivery and $9905 for cesarean delivery. The absolute risks for SUI and POP were estimated as 7% and 5%, respectively, following cesarean delivery, and 13% and 14%, respectively, following vaginal delivery. For SUI, average direct cost was $5642, indirect cost was $4208, and personal cost was $750. Average direct cost of POP surgery was $4658, and nonsurgical cost was $2220. The potential savings for reduced prevalence of SUI and POP in women who underwent cesarean delivery is estimated at $1255, but they incur an additional $2816 maternal care cost over vaginal delivery.ConclusionsAlthough elective cesarean is associated with reduced prevalence of PFDs, the increased initial cost of cesarean delivery does not offset future cost savings.
Long‐term outcomes of sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction: A 23‐year experience
Authors: Gandhi Shreyas , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Koziarz Alex , Almutairi Sulaiman , Ali Abdullah , Cox Ashley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of sacral neuromodulation (SNM), and patient characteristics that may predict long‐term success or complications.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was performed of all patients who underwent SNM testing and implantation. Outcome results, resolution of symptoms, and device removal were reported. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of success. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for device removal.ResultsFour hundred and thrity four patients underwent SNM test phase of which 241 (median age 48.0 years, 91.7% [221/241] female) had device implantation and were followed up for median [range] time of 4.0 (3 months–20.5 years) years. Multivariable logistic regression showed that male gender (odds ratio: 0.314; 95% confidence interval: 0.164–0.601, p = .0005) was independently associated with decreased peripheral nerve evaluation success. At final follow‐up for patients who originally had device implantation, median (interquartile range) percent of symptoms resolution of all patients was 60.0% (0%–90%) and 69.3% (167/241) had SNM successful outcomes. Cox proportional hazards model showed no difference for time to SNM device removal with respect to patient age, gender, or diagnosis. 69.3% (167/241) patients had at least 1 surgical re‐intervention. The most common reason at first surgical re‐intervention was lead change only (26.3%, 44/167).ConclusionSNM is a minimally invasive procedure with good long‐term success rates. There is a high revision rate but overall, SNM has a good safety profile and excellent long‐term outcomes.
Can we predict the evolution of untreated first stage posterior vaginal wall prolapse in women operated for anterior or apical prolapse?
Authors: Degliuomini Rebecca , Serati Maurizio , Ruffolo Alessandro F. , Casiraghi Arianna , De Bastiani Sarah S. , Parma Marta , Candiani Massimo , Salvatore Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pre‐existing conditions and worsening of Stage I untreated posterior vaginal wall prolapse (PVWP) after vaginal hysterectomy and anterior repair at 12‐month follow‐up.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective study. Women with symptomatic (vaginal bulging and low back pain) anterior and/or apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and I stage PVWP were enrolled. Patients were submitted to vaginal hysterectomy and native‐tissue anterior vaginal wall repair. Risk factors for POP development were collected for each woman before surgery. At 12 month‐follow‐up after surgery, women were evaluated and divided into two groups depending on the anatomical finding of the posterior vaginal wall according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System: women with Persistent I stage PVWP and patients with worsened PVWP more than or equal to II stage. Difference of distribution of risk factors for POP between the two groups was evaluated. Correlation between risk factors and development of PVWP more than I stage was assessed.ResultsSeventy women were submitted to POP surgery. Significant difference in constipation before surgery and degree of anterior and central vaginal compartments descent was observed (p < .01) between the two groups. Constipation before surgery resulted as an independent factor in worsening of PVWP at 12‐month follow‐up (p value = .01; odds ratio 1.99 [1.49–2.33]).ConclusionUntreated Stage I PVWP, not included in the first surgical repair, can significantly get worse in women complaining of constipation at 12‐month follow‐up.
Tooling nurses to assess complexity in routine home care practice: Derivation of a complexity index from the interRAI‐HC
Authors: Busnel Catherine , Vallet Fanny , Ludwig Catherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimHome care nurses often use the Resident Assessment Instrument‐Home Care (interRAI‐HC) to assess health needs. However, this tool does not assess complexity. This study proposes to derive a complexity index (CI) from the interRAI‐HC using the operational definition of the dedicated COMID checklist (COmplexité Multidimensionnelle des prises en soins Infirmières à Domicile).DesignData were collected at the baseline assessment of the fraXity study (N = 231, aged ≥ 65), which relied on an observational longitudinal design.MethodsMeasures were the interRAI‐HC, from which the CI binary variables were computed and the COMID, used as a reference.ResultsTwenty‐six CI variables were computed from the interRAI‐HC, and all but three correlations were significant. The correlation between the CI score and the COMID score was ρ = 0.730 (p < .001).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that complexity can be assessed directly from the interRAI‐HC by deriving a CI.
Error estimate on the tanh meshes for the time fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Huang Jizu , Wang Kun , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the discrete scheme for the time fractional diffusion equation with order α ∈ (0, 1). Since the solution of the given problem usually has a weak singularity near the initial time t = 0, the maximum error of the L1 scheme based on a uniform mesh cannot reach the ideal convergence rate 2 − α. As an improvement, a kind of nonuniform meshes (the tanh meshes) is proposed. The L1 scheme based on the tanh meshes is proved to be unconditionally stable and reach the ideal convergence rate by suitably choosing the parameter. Some numerical tests are carried out to confirm the error analysis of the L1 scheme based on the proposed nonuniform meshes.
A comparative study on non‐Newtonian fractional‐order Brinkman type fluid with two different kernels
Authors: Sarwar Shahzad , Aleem Maryam , Imran Muhammad Asjad , Akgül Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study carried out the free convective non‐Newtonian fluid of Brinkman type flow near an upright plate moving with velocity f(t). A fractional order model for non‐Newtonian fluid of Brinkman type flow is proposed. The time derivative in the proposed fractional flow model is considered by using the two types of fractional derivatives namely Caputo fractional derivative and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. The system of conjugated fractional partial differential equations for the temperature θ, velocity u and concentration C are worked out by applying optimal homotopy asymptotic technique. The effectuate of tangible and fractional variables on the domains of velocity u, temperature θ and concentration C are envisioned graphically. The rate of heat and mass transfer in the form of Nu and Sh is also calculated for both fractional derivatives. The numerical results reveal the efficiency, reliability, significant features, and simple in computation with high accuracy of consider method for non‐Newtonian fractional order fluid of Brinkman type flow. We ascertained that our results are in excellent agreement with the exact results.
Defect engineering in cast mono‐like silicon: A review
Authors: Song Lihui , Yu Xuegong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCast mono‐like silicon is a promising material for next‐generation silicon solar cells with higher efficiency and lower cost compared with currently commercialized silicon solar cells. So far, cast mono‐like silicon technique still faces several problems, including multicrystallization, dislocation clusters, sub‐grain boundaries, and impurity contamination, which hinder its mass‐scale applications in photovoltaic industry. In this review, we will introduce these common problems in turn and discuss a multitude of the reported studies on eliminating these problems. Furthermore, light and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID) was recently reported to be a severe problem of cast mono‐like silicon solar cells, which can cause power loss over 10% relative. This review will introduce the behaviors and the proposed mechanisms of LeTID as well as the methods to suppress LeTID in Section 4. In the subsequent section, the efficiency potential and distribution of cast mono‐like silicon solar cells are discussed. At last, a comprehensive summary will be given for this review.
A comprehensive examination of factors impacting collegiate athletes' utilization of psychological assessment and intervention services
Authors: Donohue Brad , Gavrilova Elena , Danlag Alexandra , Perry Joanne , Kuhn Corey , Allen Daniel N. , Benning Stephen D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough collegiate athletes underutilize mental health programming, investigators have rarely examined factors that may influence their participation in such programs. The current study examined how structured interviews and demographic factors influence collegiate athletes to use psychological programming. Two‐hundred and eighty‐nine collegiate athletes were referred to the study. They were screened for mental health and randomly assigned to one of two semi‐structured interviews based on experimental phase. Participants in Phase I received standard engagement (SE;N = 35) or SE + discussion of mental health (DMH;N = 44). Phase II participants received SE + DMH (N = 82) or SE + DMH + discussion of personal ambitions (DPA;N = 66). Phase III participants received SE + DMH + discussion about their culture of choice (DCC;N = 25) or SE + DMH + discussion of sport culture (DSC;N = 37). After receiving the respective interview participants were offered psychological assessment and intervention.χ2analyses revealed class standing, mental health symptom severity, referral type, and type of engagement interview influenced program commitment/utilization. Logistic regression analyses indicated SE + DMH + DPA and SE + DMH + DSC uniquely improved assessment attendance whereas referrals from coaches/teammates, participation in sport performance workshops, and senior status uniquely improved assessment and intervention attendance.
Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep in cystic fibrosis youth: A bidirectional relationship?
Authors: McNarry Melitta A. , Stevens Daniel , Stone Michelle , Roberts Spencer , Hall Sarah , Mackintosh Kelly A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposePhysical activity (PA) and sleep are highly important for those with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet, despite this and suggestions of a bidirectional relationship between these factors in healthy children, their relationship is yet to be investigated.MethodsPA, sedentary time (SED), and sleep were objectively derived over seven days in 58 youth (11.9 ± 2.7 years; 29 CF). Generalized linear latent and mixed models with a random intercept and slope at child‐level were adjusted for age, sex, wear‐time, type of day, group and mean PA/SED and sleep.ResultsEvery additional 10 min sedentary was associated with 5.6 and 5.0 min less sleep and 10.6 and 12.0 min less wake after sleep onset (WASO) that night, in CF and healthy children, respectively. PA, regardless of intensity, was not associated with total sleep time but every additional 10 min of light PA (LPA) was associated with 3.0 min less WASO in healthy participants. Ten mins more sleep was associated with 3.1 and 1.7 min less SED in CF and healthy children, respectively. In CF, greater sleep time led to less LPA (3.6 min) the following day, whereas, in healthy children, poor sleep quality (greater WASO) was associated with more LPA (1.4 min) and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (5.2 min) the following day.ConclusionA bidirectional relationship between SED and subsequent total sleep time was evident, irrespective of group, whereas the relationship between sleep and PA was group dependent. These findings have important implications regarding the reciprocal effects of promoting PA or sleep quantity or quality.
Dynamic ordering design for dose finding in drug‐combination trials
Authors: Zhang Teng , Yang Zhao , Yin Guosheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrug‐combination studies have become increasingly popular in oncology. One of the critical concerns in phase I drug‐combination trials is the uncertainty in toxicity evaluation. Most of the existing phase I designs aim to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) by reducing the two‐dimensional searching space to one dimension via a prespecified model or splitting the two‐dimensional space into multiple one‐dimensional subspaces based on the partially known toxicity order. Nevertheless, both strategies often lead to complicated trials which may either be sensitive to model assumptions or induce longer trial durations due to subtrial split. We develop two versions of dynamic ordering design (DOD) for dose finding in drug‐combination trials, where the dose‐finding problem is cast in the Bayesian model selection framework. The toxicity order of dose combinations is continuously updated via a two‐dimensional pool‐adjacent‐violators algorithm, and then the dose assignment for each incoming cohort is selected based on the optimal model under the dynamic toxicity order. We conduct extensive simulation studies to evaluate the performance of DOD in comparison with four other commonly used designs under various scenarios. Simulation results show that the two versions of DOD possess competitive performances in terms of correct MTD selection as well as safety, and we apply both versions of DOD to two real oncology trials for illustration.
Recent Advances on Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming the Linear Secret Key Capacity Bound
Authors: Mao Yingqiu , Zeng Pei , Chen Teng‐Yun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA crucial goal for quantum key distribution (QKD) is to transmit unconditionally secure keys over long distances. Previous studies show that the key rate of point‐to‐point QKD is limited by a secret key rate capacity bound, and higher key rates would require quantum repeaters. In 2018, the seminal twin‐field (TF) QKD protocol is proposed to provide a remarkable solution to overcoming the linear secret key capacity bound. This article presents an up‐to‐date survey on recent developments in this area, including the security proofs of phase‐matching QKD and other TF‐QKD type protocols, the theoretical examinations of these protocols under realistic conditions, and the recent experimental demonstrations.
Identification of C‐glycosyl flavones and quality assessment inDendrobium nobile
Authors: Wang Yawen , Liao Xian , Zhou Chujuan , Hu Li , Wei Gang , Huang Yuechun , Lei Zhouxi , Ren Zhiyao , Liu Zhixia , Liu Zhihua 
Published: November 2020

RationaleFlavones are significant indicators of quality in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and thus play a significant role in the quality control of TCMs in the pharmaceutical industry. Most flavones inDendrobium nobileLindl, a TCM with a long cultivation history and rich sources, have not been identified. This study was aimed at identifying the flavones inD. nobilefrom various habitats.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode‐array detection and HPLC multiple‐stage tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical constituents ofD. nobilefrom various habitats, and a method was established to determine the content of vicenin II, violanthin and isoviolanthin. Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis were used to analyze the variations among 26 batches from different habitats.ResultsA total of 33 flavones were tentatively identified. Twenty‐five flavones, previously undescribed inD. nobile, were acylated byp‐coumaroyl, feruloyl, sinapoyl or 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl. TheD. nobilehabitats were distinguished by significant differences in their flavone content. The C‐glycosyl flavones were demonstrated to be characteristic compounds for evaluatingD. nobilefrom various habitats. In particular, flavones acylated with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl were specific compounds that were only detected in samples from Yunnan.ConclusionsThe results of this study could be used to improve the quality control ofD. nobileand could provide references for the identification of acylated C‐glycosyl flavones in other natural products.
Risk Personalization: Governing Uncertain Collective Risk Through Individual Decisions
Authors: Spruit Shannon , de Bruijne Mark , Pieters Wolter 
Published: November 2020

Individuals are regularly made responsible for risks they wish to take: one can consent to processing of personal data, and decide what to buy based on risk information on product labels. However, both large‐scale processing of personal data and aggregated product choices may carry collective risks for society. In such situations, governance arrangements implying individual responsibility are at odds with uncertain collective risks from new technologies. We, therefore, investigate the governance challenges of what we call risk personalization: a form of governance for dealing with uncertain collective risks that allocates responsibility for governing those risks to individuals.We situate risk personalization at the intersection of two trends: governance of uncertain risk, and emphasis on individual responsibility. We then analyze three cases selected based on diversity: social media, nanomaterials, and Uber. Cross‐case comparison highlights issues of risk personalization pertaining to (i) the nature of the risk, (ii) governance arrangements in place, and (iii) mechanisms for allocating responsibility to individuals. We identify governance challenges in terms of (i) meaningful choice, (ii) effectiveness in mitigating risk, and (iii) collective decision making capacity. We conclude that the risk personalization lens stimulates reflection on the effectiveness and legitimacy of risk governance in light of individual agency.