bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbitadekompression bei endokriner Orbitopathie – Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse
Authors: Küchlin Sebastian , Gruber Markus , Reich Michael , Joachimsen Lutz , Metzger Marc , Beck Jürgen , Grauvogel Jürgen , Lagrèze Wolf A. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die endokrine Orbitopathie ist die häufigste extrathyreoidale Manifestation des Morbus Basedow und tritt bei schätzungsweise 25–50 % der betroffenen Patienten auf. Krankheitsbedingt kommt es zu einer entzündlichen Schwellung der Orbitaweichteile. Die Behandlung erfolgt meist konservativ. Bei schweren Fällen mit beeinträchtigendem Exophthalmus oder akuter, steroidrefraktärer Visusbedrohung kann eine chirurgische Orbitadekompression die Beschwerden der Patienten lindern oder das Sehvermögen erhalten. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Versorgungsqualität besteht in der Vermeidung postoperativer Doppelbilder.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erfahrungs- und Ergebnisbericht von 100 chirurgischen Orbitadekompressionen bei 62 Patienten an einem interdisziplinären Orbitazentrum. Patienten mit Kompression der Orbitaspitze wurden mittels pterionaler Dekompression behandelt. Patienten ohne Hinweise auf Orbitaspitzenbeteiligung wurden mittels tiefer lateraler Wandresektion oder pterionaler Dekompression behandelt.

Methodik
Retrospektive Datenanalyse.

Ergebnisse
Die mittlere Exophthalmusreduktion betrug 2,9 mm. Augen mit visusbedrohendem Schweregrad gewannen im Mittel 2,2 Zeilen an Sehschärfe, der Visus bei rehabilitativer Indikation blieb stabil. Die Komplikationsrate betrug 4 %. Neue Doppelbilder wurden nach 2 Eingriffen beobachtet. Bei einem Patienten kam es zu einer Visusminderung von 0,8 auf 0,1. In 9 Fällen führte die Operation zu einem vollständigen Rückgang zuvor beklagter Doppelbilder.

Diskussion
Visusgewinn, Exophthalmusreduktion und Komplikationsrate sind in diesem Kollektiv vergleichbar mit zuvor publizierten Arbeiten. Diese Studie bestätigt die Rolle der Orbitadekompression bei visusbedrohender und schwer beeinträchtigender endokriner Orbitopathie.
MRI spectroscopic and tractography studies indicate consequences of long-term ketogenic diet
Authors: Gzieło Kinga , Janeczko Krzysztof , Węglarz Władysław , Jasiński Krzysztof , Kłodowski Krzysztof , Setkowicz Zuzanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo maintain its functional abilities, the mature brain obtains energy from glucose produced in carbohydrate metabolism. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet, the energy comes from the oxidation of fatty acids. In this metabolic state called ketosis, ketone bodies are formed: β-hydroxybutyric acid (bHb), acetone, and acetoacetate as alternative source of energy passing through the blood–brain barrier easily. The ketosis state can be achieved through various strategies like caloric restriction, supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides, intense physical training, or ketogenic diet (KD). Using KD, drug-resistant epilepsy has been successfully treated in children and adults. It can also exert neuroprotective influences in cases of brain damage, glioblastoma multiforme, and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Although many possible mechanisms of KD activity have been proposed, newer hypotheses appear with the research progress, mostly characterizing the brain under pathological but not normal conditions. Since different pathological conditions may affect the mechanism of KD action differently, additional research on the normal brain appears reasonable. For this purpose, young adult rats were treated with 4-month-lasting KD. Then, MRI structural measurements, spectroscopy, and tractography were performed. The procedures revealed significant increases in the concentration of glutamine, glutamate, glutathione and NAA, accompanied by changes in the pattern of neuronal connections of the striatum and hippocampal formation. This implies a possible involvement of these structures in the functional changes occurring in the brain after KD application. Thus, the investigations on the normal brain add important details concerning mechanisms underlying KD effects without their possible modification by a pathological status.
Annual mowing has the potential to reduce the invasion of herbaceous Lupinus polyphyllus
Authors: Ramula Satu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn order to manage invasive plant species efficiently, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of different strategies of population control, including the underlying mechanisms of action and the consequences for target populations. Here, I explored the effectiveness of biomass removal as a method of control for the invasive perennial herbLupinus polyphyllus. More specifically, using seed material from 11 populations, I assessed among-population variation (if any) in plant compensatory growth as a response to annual biomass removal under standardised growing conditions over two consecutive years, and quantified the demographic effects of a single biomass-removal event. In all study populations, annual biomass removal reduced plant size, flowering probability, and shoot and root biomass. Biomass removal also reduced plant survival and the number of flowering shoots, but these effects were pronounced at certain time points only. A population-level demographic analysis revealed that a single biomass-removal event considerably decreased the long-term population growth rate (λ); this decline in λ was due to a reduction in plant fecundity followed by survival and growth. These findings suggest that annual mowing has the potential to curb invasions ofL. polyphyllusbecause plants are not able to fully compensate for drastic biomass loss.
Experiments on centralized school choice and college admissions: a survey
Authors: Hakimov Rustamdjan , Kübler Dorothea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper surveys the experimental literature on centralized matching markets, covering school choice and college admissions models. In the school choice model, one side of the market (schools) is not strategic, and rules (priorities) guide the acceptance decisions. The model covers applications such as school choice programs, centralized university admissions in many countries, and the centralized assignment of teachers to schools. In the college admissions model, both sides of the market are strategic. It applies to college and university admissions in countries where universities can select students, and centralized labor markets such as the assignment of doctors to hospitals. The survey discusses, among other things, the comparison of various centralized mechanisms, the optimality of participants’ strategies, learning by applicants and their behavioral biases, as well as the role of communication, information, and advice. The main experimental findings considered in the survey concern truth-telling and strategic manipulations by the agents, as well as the stability and efficiency of the matching outcome.
Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Amelia Rina , Dharmajaya Ridha , Sari Liza Meutia , Fitri Nadya Keumala 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between early March and the end of April 2020 in the general population of Indonesia, beginning with the North Sumatra region, where the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia began. Questionnaires were randomly distributed online in the red zone in Indonesia. Data were collected by collecting people’s responses to the questionnaire, which were distributed via WhatsApp (WA) application and were competed independently by the participants. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of the general population. A total of 201 people had good knowledge (98%) and a positive attitude (96%) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents had a negative attitude in relation to two aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak: having to always maintain a distance of 1.5 m when in crowds, and not being able to regularly exercise or eat nutritious food (78.6% and 79.1%, respectively). Most people in Indonesia have good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. However, negative attitudes were still found in this study, and as a result, transmission prevention measures cannot reach their maximum effectiveness by simply publicizing the increase in day-to-day cases to the general public.
Ethyl Lactate Production from the Catalytic Depolymerisation of Post-consumer Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Román-Ramírez Luis A. , Powders Mark , McKeown Paul , Jones Matthew D. , Wood Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which are derived from renewable sources, promoted as biodegradable and implemented for numerous functions, offer a promising alternative to the enduring synthetic plastics abundant in society. However, the degradation of PLA is slow under natural environmental conditions. A chemical recycling route is thus required to couple mitigation of plastic persistence repercussions with circular economy adherence. In the present work, the production of ethyl lactate by the catalysed transesterification of post-consumer PLA was investigated. The catalyst employed was a propylendiamine Zn(II) complex. The PLA samples investigated consisted of a phone case, an infant’s toy, a film, a cup and 3D printing material. Degradation reactions were studied at 50 °C and 90 °C and the concentrations measured at two different time intervals, 1 h and 3 h. The results revealed that greater activity of the catalyst was observed at 50 °C for two PLA samples (cup, 3D print). PLA film achieved the greatest lactate yield (71%) of all samples after 3 h at 50 °C. It is concluded that the propylenediamine Zn(II) catalyst can be used to produce green solvent ethyl lactate at mild temperatures from post-consumer PLA, even in the presence of unknown additives.
Non-universal Casimir Forces at Approach to Bose–Einstein Condensation of an Ideal Gas: Effect of Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Authors: Napiórkowski M. , Piasecki J. , Turner J. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyze the Casimir forces for an ideal Bose gas enclosed between two infinite parallel walls separated by the distanceD. The walls are characterized by the Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show that if the thermodynamic state with Bose–Einstein condensate present is correctly approached along the path pertinent to the Dirichlet b.c. then the leading term describing the large-distance decay of thermal Casimir force between the walls is$$\sim 1/D^{2}$$∼1/D2with a non-universal amplitude. The next order correction is$$\sim \ln D/D^3$$∼lnD/D3. These observations remain in contrast with the decay law for both the periodic and Neumann boundary conditions for which the leading term is$$\sim 1/D^3$$∼1/D3with a universal amplitude. We associate this discrepancy with the D-dependent positive value of the one-particle ground state energy in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Nonlinear Stability for Thermal Convection in a Brinkman Porous Material with Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Straughan Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate nonlinear stability in a model for thermal convection in a saturated porous material using Brinkman theory, taking into account viscous dissipation effects. There are (at least) two models for viscous dissipation available, and we include a derivation of one of these by assuming that the flow in the porous medium may be described by a theory for a mixture of an elastic solid and a linearly viscous fluid. A fully nonlinear stability result is provided when either of the viscous dissipation functions is taken into account, and it is shown that from the nonlinear energy stability viewpoint both models are, in a sense, equivalent.
Normal Families of Möbius Maps
Authors: Beardon A. F. , Minda D. , Short I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of Möbius maps to be a normal family in the extended complex plane $$\mathbb {C}_\infty $$

C
∞

are established. Each of these conditions involves collections of two or three points which may vary with the Möbius maps in the family, provided the points satisfy a uniform separation condition. In addition, we derive a sufficient condition for the normality of a family of Möbius maps in terms of the average value of the reciprocal of the chordal derivative.
Blood pressure reduction and RAAS inhibition in diabetic kidney disease: therapeutic potentials and limitations
Authors: Leoncini Giovanna , Viazzi Francesca , De Cosmo Salvatore , Russo Giuseppina , Fioretto Paola , Pontremoli Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and taking into consideration the high cardiovascular risk burden associated to this condition a multifactorial therapeutic approach is traditionally recommended, in which glucose and blood pressure control play a central role. The inhibition of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone RAAS system represent traditionally the cornerstone of DKD. Clinical outcome trials have demonstrated clinical significant benefit in slowing nephropathy progression mainly in the presence of albuminuria. Thus, international guidelines mandate their use in such patients. Given the central role of RAAS activity in the pathogenesis and progression of renal and cardiovascular damage, a more profound inhibition of the system by the use of multiple agents has been proposed in the past, especially in the presence of proteinuria, however clinical trials have failed to confirm the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. Furthermore, whether strict blood pressure control and pharmacologic RAAS inhibition entails a favorable renal outcome in non-albuminuric patients is at present unclear. This aspect is becoming an important issue in the management of DKD since nonalbuminuric DKD is currently the prevailing presenting phenotype. For these reasons it would be advisable that blood pressure management should be tailored in each subject on the basis of the renal phenotype as well as related comorbidities. This article reviews the current literature and discusses potentials and limitation of targeting the RAAS in order to provide the greatest renal protection in DKD.
Implementation of a Hamming distance–like genomic quantum classifier using inner products on ibmqx2 and ibmq_16_melbourne
Authors: Kathuria Kunal , Ratan Aakrosh , McConnell Michael , Bekiranov Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivated by the problem of classifying individuals with a disease versus controls using a functional genomic attribute as input, we present relatively efficient general purpose inner product–based kernel classifiers to classify the test as a normal or disease sample. We encode each training sample as a string of 1 s (presence) and 0 s (absence) representing the attribute’s existence across ordered physical blocks of the subdivided genome. Having binary-valued features allows for highly efficient data encoding in the computational basis for classifiers relying on binary operations. Given that a natural distance between binary strings is Hamming distance, which shares properties with bit-string inner products, our two classifiers apply different inner product measures for classification. The active inner product (AIP) is a direct dot product–based classifier whereas the symmetric inner product (SIP) classifies upon scoring correspondingly matching genomic attributes. SIP is a strongly Hamming distance–based classifier generally applicable to binary attribute-matching problems whereas AIP has general applications as a simple dot product–based classifier. The classifiers implement an inner product betweenN= 2ndimension test and train vectors usingnFredkin gates while the training sets are respectively entangled with the class-label qubit, without use of an ancilla. Moreover, each training class can be composed of an arbitrary numbermof samples that can be classically summed into one input string to effectively execute all test–train inner products simultaneously. Thus, our circuits require the same number of qubits for any number of training samples and are$O(\log {N})$O(logN)in gate complexity after the states are prepared. Our classifiers were implemented on ibmqx2 (IBM-Q-team 2019b) and ibmq_16_melbourne (IBM-Q-team 2019a). The latter allowed encoding of 64 training features across the genome.
The attractant, but not the trap design, affects the capture ofDrosophila suzukiiin berry crops
Authors: Cruz-Esteban Samuel , Garay-Serrano Edith , Rodríguez Christian , Rojas Julio C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is recognized as an invasive pest in Europe and North America. In Mexico, it is one of the main insect pests of soft-skinned fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, plums, and guava. Previous studies have shown thatD.suzukiiuses visual and chemical cues during host plant searching. This knowledge has been used to develop traps and attractants for monitoringD.suzukii. In this study, five trap designs were evaluated to monitorD.suzukiiunder field conditions. Traps were baited with SuzukiiTrap®, Z-Kinol, an attractant based on acetoin and methionol, or apple cider vinegar (ACV) enriched with 10% ethanol (EtOH) with the synergistic action of carbon dioxide (CO2). Our results suggested that the attractant was the determining factor in capturingD. suzukii, while trap design seemed to play a modest role. We found that traps baited with Z-Kinol captured the highest number ofD.suzukiicompared to that caught by traps baited with SuzukiiTrap®, or ACV + EtOH + CO2. The highest catch numbers occurred in blackberry, followed by strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry. Traps captured more females than males. The results obtained may be useful for monitoringD.suzukiipopulations in Mexico and elsewhere, particularly in states where soft fruit crops are a component of agricultural activities.
Immediate outcome following valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease: the first local experience from Ethiopia
Authors: Debel Fekede A. , Zekarias Belete , Centella Tomasa , Tekleab Atnafu M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Rheumatic heart disease is the most common cardiac diseases in developing countries including Ethiopia. The current study aimed to describe the immediate surgical outcome following valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease in Ethiopia.Methods:Data were collected through chart abstraction from two centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia and El Ouzier cardiac centre. Included were all patients who were operated for rheumatic valvular heart disease in the mentioned centres by local cardiac surgical team during the period from June 2017 to April 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population at admission and within 30 days of the index cardiac surgery were collected. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for windows was used to analyse the data.Result:Of the 114 patients included in the study (median age 31 years with interquartile range of 23–40), 62 (54.4%) of them were female. Surgical procedures done were triple valve surgery 9 (7.9%) patients, mitral and tricuspid valves 26 (22.8%) patients, double-valve 16 (14.0%) patients, single-valve surgery 50.9% (11 aortic and 47 mitral valves) of patients, redo mitral valve surgery 3 (2.6%) patients, and left maze with mitral valve surgery 2 (1.8%) patients. Of the total, 103 (90.4%) of them had mitral valve surgery. Post-operatively, 5 (4.4%) patients died within 30 days following the index surgery.Conclusion:Immediate surgical outcome following valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease had excellent outcome in our setting. This evidence can be taken as a show of success in building local capacity to manage rheumatic heart disease surgically.
Surgical treatment of left ventricular fibroma in adult: case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Hao , Sun Hansong , Yang Yan , Lv Feng , Ran Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiac fibroma is a rare benign primary tumour of the heart. In the paediatric population, it has been reported as the second most common benign cardiac tumour following rhabdomyoma. However, the prevalence of cardiac fibroma is rarely reported in the adult population. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific, including palpitations, cardiac murmur, arrhythmias, dyspnoea, cyanosis, chest pain, and sudden mortality, whereas, a number of patients with cardiac fibroma are asymptomatic. Surgical resection should be considered as the best option in symptomatic patients. This study reported four surgical cases of adults with cardiac fibroma arising from the left ventricle and a literature review regarding the clinical and pathological features, diagnostic modalities, therapeutic aspects, and prognosis of this rare entity.
An online diabetes nutrition education programme for American Indian and Alaska Native adults with type 2 diabetes: perspectives from key stakeholders
Authors: Stotz Sarah , Brega Angela G , Lockhart Steven , Hebert Luciana E , Henderson J Neil , Roubideaux Yvette , Moore Kelly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore stakeholder perspectives regarding online diabetes nutrition education for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design:Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and interviews. Focus group participants completed a brief demographic and internet use survey.Setting:Focus groups and community participant interviews were conducted in diverse AI/AN communities. Interviews with nationally recognised content experts were held via teleconference.Participants:Eight focus groups were conducted with AI/AN adults with T2D (n 29) and their family members (n 22). Community participant interviews were conducted with eleven clinicians and healthcare administrators working in Native communities. Interviews with nine content experts included clinicians and researchers serving AI/AN.Results:Qualitative content analysis used constant comparative method for coding and generating themes across transcripts. Descriptive statistics were computed from surveys. AI/AN adults access the internet primarily through smartphones, use the internet for many purposes and identify opportunities for online diabetes nutrition education.Conclusions:Online diabetes nutrition education may be feasible in Indian Country. These findings will inform the development of an eLearning diabetes nutrition education programme for AI/AN adults with T2D.