bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for self‐management in older adults with type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Lee Li‐Yun , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Tsay Shiow‐Luan , Chen Yen‐Chin , Lee Hsiao‐Huang , Zeng Yu‐Xiong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim and ObjectivesTo investigate factors related to self‐management and predictors of self‐management in older adult patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.BackgroundDiabetic patients suffer many comorbidities during their lifetime, and the process of self‐management is complex. Self‐management and an integrated care experience are extremely important for older adults with diabetic nephropathy.DesignA cross‐sectional correlation design was adopted.MethodsA total of 123 older patients were enrolled in the study from June 2016 to November 2017. Data collection involved a demographic questionnaire, the Patients' Experience of Integrated Care Questionnaire and the Partners in Health Scale to measure the integrated care experience and self‐management. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Pearson product‐moment correlation and multiple linear regression. The methods are consistent with the STROBE criteria (Data S1).ResultsThe results showed that the majority of the sample was female (56.9%). The average age was 77 years old. Stepwise regression analysis showed that re‐admission during the past year (p < .001), physical function (p < .001) and integrated care experience (p < .001) are predictors of self‐management in older adult patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and explained 42.8% of the variation in self‐management behaviour.ConclusionThe results can be used to enhance the awareness of clinicians of the importance of an integrated care experience and self‐management among older patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Clinicians also should pay attention to physical function and the integrated care experience to promote self‐management.Relevance to Clinical PracticeStudies on the integrated care experience and self‐management of diabetic neuropathy in older adults are limited in Taiwan. The results of this study provide valuable information to support the importance of integrated care among this specific population.
Structural characterization of melatonin as an inhibitor of the Wnt deacylase Notum
Authors: Zhao Yuguang , Ren Jingshan , Hillier James , Jones Margaret , Lu Weixian , Jones Edith Yvonne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hormone melatonin, secreted from the pineal gland, mediates multiple physiological effects including modulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. The Wnt palmitoleate lipid modification is essential for its signalling activity, while the carboxylesterase Notum can remove the lipid from Wnt and inactivate it. Notum enzyme inhibition can therefore upregulate Wnt signalling. While searching for Notum inhibitors by crystallographic fragment screening, a hit compound N‐[2‐(5‐fluoro‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethyl]acetamide that is structurally similar to melatonin came to our attention. We then soaked melatonin and its precursor N‐acetylserotonin into Notum crystals and obtained high‐resolution structures (≤1.5 Å) of their complexes. In each of the structures, two compound molecules bind with Notum: one at the enzyme's catalytic pocket, overlapping the space occupied by the acyl tail of the Wnt palmitoleate lipid, and the other at the edge of the pocket opposite the substrate entrance. Although the inhibitory activity of melatonin shown by in vitro enzyme assays is low (IC50 75 µmol/L), the structural information reported here provides a basis for the design of potent and brain accessible drugs for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, in which upregulation of Wnt signalling may be beneficial.
Plastome phylogenomic insights into the Sino‐Japanese biogeography of Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Wang Hong‐Xin , Moore Michael J. , Barrett Russell L. , Landrein Sven , Sakaguchi Shota , Maki Masayuki , Wen Jun , Wang Hua‐Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of the Sino‐Japanese disjunctions in plant taxa has been a central question in eastern Asian biogeography, with vicariance or long‐distance dispersal often invoked to explain such patterns. Diabelia Landrein (Caprifoliaceae; Linnaeoideae) comprises four shrubby species with a Sino‐Japanese disjunct distribution. The species diversification time within Diabelia, covering a long geological history of the formation process of the Sino‐Japanese flora, dated back to the middle Oligocene, therefore, Diabelia would be an ideal model to elucidate the biogeographic patterns of Sino‐Japanese disjunctions with climate fluctuation. In this study, we analyzed complete plastome sequence data for 28 individuals representing all four species of Diabelia. These 28 plastomes were found to be highly similar in overall size (156 243–157 578 bp), structure, gene order, and content. Our phylogenomic analysis of the plastomes supported a close relationship between Diabelia ionostachya (Nakai) Landrein & R.L. Barrett var. wenzhouensis (S.L. Zhou ex Landrein) Landrein from eastern China and Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein var. spathulata from Japan. Diabelia serrata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein was identified as sister to a population of Diabelia sanguinea (Makino) Landrein from Tochigi in central Japan and D. spathulata Landrein, from Toyama, central Japan. Most Diabelia lineages were estimated to have differentiated 8–28 Mya. Our results indicate that two independent vicariance events could explain the disjunction between Japan and Korea in the mid to late Miocene, and between Zhejiang and Japan in the early Miocene.
Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Weeks E. N. I. , Allan S. A. , Gezan S. A. , Kaufman P. E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRhipicephalus sanguineus is a canine tick that infests dogs throughout the world and is frequently found in homes and dog kennels. Management of this tick species is complicated by the presence of resistance to commonly utilized acaricides. Fungal formulations could provide a valuable alternative tool for management and are especially relevant indoors where detrimental environmental effects on fungal spores are of less concern. Two commercially available fungal formulations, one containing Metarhizium anisopliae and the other containing Beauveria bassiana, were compared for time to death and sporulation in nymphal ticks exposed for 60 min in treated filter paper packets. Beauveria bassiana exposure killed ticks faster than M. anisopliae exposure and B. bassiana was more likely to sporulate on tick cadavers than M. anisopliae. To determine whether infected ticks could disseminate fungus to their conspecifics, ticks were marked and treated with fungus before being placed with untreated ticks. Fungus was successfully transmitted from treated to untreated ticks. Mortality of ticks exposed to B. bassiana‐exposed conspecifics occurred sooner than for those exposed to M. anisopliae‐exposed conspecifics, indicating faster dissemination in the former. Therefore, although both formulations resulted in decreased longevity of ticks compared with the controls, the B. bassiana formulation holds the most promise for direct or indirect application with respect to brown dog tick management.
Mindfulness practice alters brain connectivity in community‐living elders with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Fam Johnson , Sun Yu , Qi Peng , Lau Regine Cassandra , Feng Lei , Kua Ee Heok , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: December 2019

AimThere is increasing evidence that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with widespread brain dysconnectivity. Mindfulness practice, which involves focused attention to experience the present moment in a purposeful way, has been shown to confer positive psychological and functional brain changes in healthy practitioners. It is unclear whether mindfulness practice could improve functional brain connectivity in older adults with cognitive impairment.MethodsForty‐seven participants with MCI were randomized into two groups: a mindfulness practice group and a control group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and neurocognitive tests were performed before and after the 3‐month intervention. A temporal efficiency analysis approach was used to examine the spatiotemporal networks of the brain.ResultsParticipants in the mindfulness group had significantly better temporal global efficiency than controls after 3‐months of intervention. Localized changes of temporal nodal properties were present in the right cingulate gyrus, insula, and left superior temporal gyrus. Together, these results suggest greater information transmission efficiency at both the global and local spatiotemporal level. In terms of cognitive function, verbal recognition memory improved in the mindfulness group compared to the controls.ConclusionElders who practiced mindfulness had better brain network efficiency and neurocognitive function relative to controls in this study, suggesting that mindfulness may be of benefit to aging adults with early cognitive degeneration.
Scientology Studies 2.0: Lessons learned and paths forward
Authors: Westbrook Donald A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe academic study of Scientology traces to at least 1958, when L. Ron Hubbard granted an interview to new religions scholar and librarian J. Stillson Judah in Washington, DC. Since then, relations between the Church of Scientology and academics have at times been strained yet, on the whole, remain more productive and congenial relative to other outsiders such as journalists and former members. Over the last decade, there have been a number of encouraging developments as more and more researchers have successfully taken up the subject. One of the more prominent recent examples was an international conference on Scientology held in Belgium in 2014. This article surveys the past and present of Scientology studies, both as a subfield within new religious movements (NRM) studies and as an emergent and increasingly sophisticated field in its own right, and suggests possible directions for future analysis and investigation.
A New Standard for the Analysis and Design of Replication Studies
Authors: Held Leonhard 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA new standard is proposed for the evidential assessment of replication studies. The approach combines a specific reverse Bayes technique with prior-predictive tail probabilities to define replication success. The method gives rise to a quantitative measure for replication success, called the sceptical p-value. The sceptical p-value integrates traditional significance of both the original and the replication study with a comparison of the respective effect sizes. It incorporates the uncertainty of both the original and the replication effect estimates and reduces to the ordinary p-value of the replication study if the uncertainty of the original effect estimate is ignored. The framework proposed can also be used to determine the power or the required replication sample size to achieve replication success. Numerical calculations highlight the difficulty of achieving replication success if the evidence from the original study is only suggestive. An application to data from the Open Science Collaboration project on the replicability of psychological science illustrates the methodology proposed.
A Genesis of Speculative Empiricisms: Whitehead and Deleuze Read Hume
Authors: Duvernoy Russell J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeleuze's “transcendental empiricism” and the “empirical side” of Whitehead's metaphysics are paradoxical unless placed in the context of their unorthodox readings of empiricism. I explore this context focusing on their engagements with Hume. Both subvert presumptions of a categorical gap between external nature and internal human experience and open possibilities for a speculative empiricism that is nonreductive while still affirming experience as source for philosophical thinking. Deleuze and Whitehead follow Hume in beginning with events of sensation as primary but do not presume the logic of (human) subjects and objects (of nature) as necessary structuring polarities for their interpretation. This challenges a basic distinction (between inner and outer or between self and world) that seems inherent in the ordinary concept of experience, thus earning the moniker speculative. The speculative empiricist studies how these abstractions arise from events of experience prior to their consolidation in representation. This includes a critical component: to what extent do unexamined assumptions about conceptual abstraction hinder, block, or prefigure experiential attention? This critical component has existential implications for how we attend to the affective, intuitive, and preconceptual.
Composition, Contingency, and Local Supervenience
Authors: Smith Deborah C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA growing number of philosophers have argued against the orthodoxy that the correct principle of composition will be a metaphysically necessary truth. With contingentism about composition a seemingly viable option, it would appear that would‐be necessitarians shoulder the burden of proof. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the contingentist, too, has a significant burden. I argue that nonbrutal principles of composition satisfy a principle according to which facts about whether or not a collection composes supervene on noncomposition facts that are spatiotemporally local to the collection. I further argue that the contingentist has reason to reject both brutal composition and the supervenience principle. This reveals a significant internal tension in the contingentist's position. Unless this tension can be resolved, there will be (defeasible) reason to prefer necessitarianism about composition.
Emotion: Animal and Reflective
Authors: Naar Hichem 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccording to the judgment theory of emotion, emotions necessarily involve evaluative judgments. Despite a number of attractions, this theory is almost universally held to be dead, for a very simple reason: it is overly intellectualistic. On behalf of the judgment theorist, I defend a simple strategy, namely, to claim that her view is restricted to a special class of emotions, a strategy that is rooted in a plausible distinction between two broad classes of emotion. It turns out that, if the judgment theory is to be rejected, such rejection cannot be based on the charge that it overintellectualizes emotions.
Kierkegaard’s Notion of a Divine Name and the Feasibility of Universal Love
Authors: Krishek Sharon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKierkegaard's well‐known analysis of the self, in the first part of his work The Sickness unto Death (1849), presents, even if only in passing, the somewhat enigmatic notion of “divine name.” In this article I offer an interpretation of Kierkegaard's analysis and suggest that the notion of a divine name be understood as expressing the conception of human beings as possessing (what I call) “individual essence.” I further demonstrate that it is this quality that makes a human being a self, namely, the individual that he or she is. In addition to defending the exegetical and substantial plausibility of this conception, I show how it opens the way to affirming the feasibility of universal love.
Taking Our Selves Too Seriously: Commitment, Contestation, and the Dynamic Life of the Self
Authors: Golden Christian M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, I distinguish two models of personal integrity. The first, wholeheartedness, regards harmonious unity of the self as psychologically healthy and volitional consistency as ethically ideal. I argue that it does so at the substantial cost of framing ambivalence and conflict as defects of character and action. To avoid these consequences, I propose an alternate ideal of humility that construes the self as multiple and precarious and celebrates experiences of loss and transformation through which learning, growth, innovation, and dynamic relationship become possible. This ideal not only sustains prospects for integrity but is more suitable than wholeheartedness for recognizing practices of contestation, such as those involving potentially destabilizing encounters with difference that is common within pluralistic societies, as vital for rich, well‐lived lives.
The placebo effect on aerobic fitness test results is preserved following a multidisciplinary intervention program for treating childhood obesity
Authors: Fanti‐Oren Shira , Birenbaum‐Carmeli Daphna , Eliakim Alon , Pantanowitz Michal , Nemet Dan 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to examine the placebo effect on fitness test results in trained and untrained overweight and obese children.MethodsTwenty pre‐pubertal overweight children performed two pairs of progressive treadmill exercise tests before and 12 weeks into a multidisciplinary program for the treatment of childhood obesity. In each test pair, at random order, participants received different types of information regarding a water drink consumed prior to testing—standard information (water) vs deliberate positive information (presumed energy drink, placebo).ResultsThe intervention led to a significant change (P < .05) in BMI%ile (95.6 ± 4.4 vs 93.6 ± 6.9), % fat (35.4 ± 6.0 vs 31.6 ± 5.8), baseline heart rate (104.2 ± 11.6 vs 94.0 ± 7.0 bpm), total leisure activity score—Godin (9.3 ± 8.8 vs 41.5 ± 15.2), total screen time (6.9 ± 5.8 vs 3.1 ± 1.4 h/d), and a significant improvement in fitness. Following the placebo drink, both groups achieved a significantly higher peak heart rate (untrained: 176.1 ± 13.7 vs 167.5 ± 16.8; trained: 170.7 ± 11.6 vs 166.2 ± 11.4 bpm) and longer running time (untrained: 559.9 ± 151.0 vs 434.4 ± 140.3 seconds; trained: 728.3 ± 177.3 vs 667.1 ± 176.1 seconds). Despite longer exercise duration and higher peak exercise heart rate, average, and peak RPE were lower after the placebo drink (untrained: 12.1 ± 2.3 vs 13.6 ± 2.1; trained:10.0 ± 1.8 vs 11.6 ± 2.1), recovery time was shorter (untrained: 119.2 ± 25.3 vs 133.2 ± 23.7 seconds; trained: 92.6 ± 18.9 vs 102.7 ± 18.3 seconds). The placebo‐induced change in running time and peak RPE were significantly greater prior to training.ConclusionThe significant information placebo effect is preserved in trained overweight children. Information, as well as other motivating aids and fatigue distractors may be useful in enhancing physical performance in obese children.
Limitations of existing cultural globalization perspectives: A case study of the influence of technology on sexualities
Authors: Cserni Robert T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiterature on market participation via location‐based mobile dating apps (LBMDAs) typically engages two different perspectives: global and local. While global perspectives anticipate similarities resulting from cultural homogenization (i.e., LBMDA profiles should exhibit uniformity in otherwise diverse locations), local perspectives anticipate differences resulting from cultural heterogenization (i.e., LBMDA profiles should exhibit variability by location). Although existing research recognizes how technology amplifies both homogenization and heterogenization, the direction of its effects remains unclear. Scholars also treat these processes as diametrically opposed, despite the theoretical and empirical limitations of doing so. This review addresses these limitations through an alternative conceptual framework that triangulates existing literature on globalization, technology, and sexualities. Specifically, I use this framework to explore the mix of global/local influences on exchanges on LBMDAs for gay men/men who have sex with men in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Brazil. In doing so, I demonstrate one way to more accurately map the extent to which globalization affects sexual culture across countries while accounting for the unique situational conditions of local sexual cultures.
Recovery of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus species from pet‐grooming salons
Authors: Gould Alexandra P. , Coyner Kimberly S. , Trimmer Ann M. , Weese J Scott , Budke Christine M. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMeticillin‐resistant (MR) staphylococcal species have been cultured from veterinary hospital environments and veterinary instruments. Pet‐grooming salon environments and grooming tools may pose a risk for dissemination of MR staphylococcal bacteria into the pet population.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency of MR staphylococcal colonization of pet‐grooming salons and to collect information regarding cleaning procedures in grooming salons.Methods and materialsA nonrandomized, observational study was performed in 2018. Locations inside 19 grooming salons near Tacoma, WA, USA, were sampled and selectively cultured for MR, coagulase‐positive staphylococci. Sampled sites included clipper blades and handles, leashes, rims of bathtub drains, insides of shampoo caps, and bathtub spray hoses or faucet handles. Grooming salons were asked to complete surveys regarding their cleaning practices.ResultsMeticillin‐resistant coagulase‐positive staphylococci were isolated from 12 of 19 grooming salons and 25 of 112 total samples. Meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. schleiferi were isolated from multiple salons, most commonly from electric clipper blades, clipper handles and grooming leashes. No statistically significant correlations were identified between cleaning practices and the isolation of MR coagulase‐positive staphylococci.Conclusions and clinical importanceClipper blades, clipper handles and leashes are potential fomites for MR staphylococci in a grooming salon; increased disinfection practices for these items are indicated. A prospective, controlled, large‐scale study is warranted to examine the effect of grooming salon hygiene practices on the isolation of MR staphylococci in salons.